gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power and Skew Reduction Using Resonant Energy Recycling in 14-nm FinFET Clocks (2022)

As the demand for high-performance microprocessors increases, the circuit complexity and the rate of data transfer increases resulting in higher power consumption. We propose a clocking architecture that uses a series LC resonance and inductor matching technique to address this bottleneck. By employing pulsed resonance, the switching power dissipated is recycled back. The inductor matching technique aids in reducing the skew, increasing the robustness of the clock network. This new resonant architecture saves over 43% power and 91% skew clocking a range of 1--5 GHz, compared to a conventional primary-secondary flip-flop-based CMOS architecture.
Changes in optical conductivity due to readjustments in the electronic density of states (2002)

Within the model of elastic impurity scattering, we study how changes in the energy dependence of the electronic density of states (EDOS) $N(\ensuremath{\epsilon})$ around the Fermi energy ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{F}$ are reflected in the frequency-dependent optical conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega}).$ While conserving the total number of states in $N(\ensuremath{\epsilon})$ we compute the induced changes in $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ as a function of $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and in the corresponding optical scattering rate $1/{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{op}}(\ensuremath{\omega}).$ These quantities mirror some aspects of the EDOS changes but the relationship is not direct. Conservation of optical oscillator strength is found not to hold, and there is no sum rule on the optical scattering rate although one does hold for the quasiparticle scattering. Temperature as well as increases in impurity scattering leads to additional changes in optical properties not seen in the constant EDOS case. These effects have their origin in an averaging of the EDOS around the Fermi energy ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{F}$ on an energy scale set by the impurity scattering.
Blood pressure on dialysis: an ongoing controversy. (2012)

Based on apparently conflicting epidemiological data there has recently been considerable uncertainty and controversy concerning optimal blood pressure (BP) levels in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. It has also become obvious that it is not only the mean arterial pressure, but also the arterial pulse pressure profile, which impacts on hemodynamic stress and outcome. Epidemiological surveys document that, in the pre-dialysis state, up to 53% of chronically dialyzed patients have systolic BP above 140 mm Hg, but only 17% have diastolic BP values above 90 mm Hg. In other words, the systolic BP tends to be elevated, while the diastolic BP remains within normal limits. This constellation reflects the reduced elasticity of central arteries leading to increased pulse wave velocity and larger BP amplitude. Recent retrospective surveys created much uncertainty: they indicated that short-term survival was optimal when predialysis systolic BP values were between 130 and 180 mm Hg, higher values conferring little additional risk. In contrast, the risk of death was increased dramatically for BP values below 120 mm Hg. According to epidemiological studies in the general population, patients with low systolic BP are characterised by poor cardiac function and high cardiac risk. It has been observed that after such high-risk patients have died, in the long run, a continuous positive relationship exists between BP and survival. These observations are in agreement with what has also been observed in dialysis patients by Charra (Tassin, France). We are of the opinion that, in general, a pre-dialysis systolic BP in the low normal range is optimal for survival. This goal may not be achieved in all patients and may cause side effects so that it is necessary to individualize the approach. Rapid ultrafiltration carries the risks of sympathetic activation and intradialytic hypotension, which must be avoided. Relatively simple measures are effective in lowering blood pressure, e.g. low salt intake, reduction of dialysate sodium concentration, long slow and possibly more frequent dialysis sessions.
[Concordance of leishmaniasis cutaneous tests in Tunisia]. (2001)

A cross sectional study aimed to evaluate the effect of antigenic preparation (Leishmania infantum versus Leishmania major) and dose of leishmania antigens (5 x 10(6) versus 2.5 x 10(6) parasites in the same volume) on the reproducibility of delayed type hypersensitivity leishmania skin test. Results showed that among 34 individuals involved from visceral leishmaniasis endemic area. 26 (76.5%) had a positif Leishmania infantum leishmania (L-L. infantum) test and 27 (79.4%) to Leishmania major leishmania (L-L. major). Mean size of cutaneous reaction was 5.94 +/- 2.86 mm for L-L. infantum and 5.41 +/- 3.23 mm for L-L. major, with a significant positive linear association (p < 10-3). Intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.80 (CI95% = [0.64-0.93]) and concordance Kappa (kappa) was 0.57 (CI95% = [0.40-0.74]). Among 153 individuals from zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. 92.9% revealed a positive test for both types of leishmanin (L-L. major full dose versus L-L. major half dose). Mean size of cutaneous reaction was 12.61 +/- 4.65 mm for the reference test and 11.30 +/- 3.95 mm for diluted one, with a positive linear association (p < 10-3). Intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.78 (IC95% = [0.71-0.84]) and concordance Kappa (kappa) was 0.82 (IC95% = [0.73-0.91]). These results demonstrate a limited effect of leishmania antigenic variation and antigen dose on the reproducibility of delayed type hypersensitivity induced by the leishmanin test.
Usefulness of Hemoperfusion in Paraquat Poisoning (2011)

Background/Aims: Paraquat is a potentially lethal herbicide that induces acute renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, and progressive respiratory failure. This study examined the usefulness of hemoperfusion in paraquat poisoning. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 27 patients who underwent hemoperfusion after paraquat poisoning at Eumseong Keumwang Hospital from January 2009 to January 2010. Results: All 27 paraquat-poisoning patients underwent hemoperfusion therapy within 6 hours of ingestion, and 13 patients survived. Patients who had ingested more than four mouthfuls died with 24 hours despite hemoperfusion. The mean arrival time at the emergency room and the plasma paraquat concentration in the survivors was 3.08 hours and 1.30 μg/mL, respectively; after hemoperfusion, the mean elapsed time was 8.92 hours and the plasma paraquat level was 0.14 μg/mL. The mean arrival time at the emergency room and plasma paraquat concentration in the non-survivors was 2.93 hours and 50.52 μg/mL, respectively; after hemoperfusion, the mean elapsed time was 9.36 hours, and the plasma paraquat level was 40.52 μg/mL. Conclusions: Urgent hemoperfusion therapy is essential for complete recovery from paraquat poisoning in patients who do not have metabolic acidosis or renal failure. However, hemoperfusion is not effective in those who ingested large amount of paraquat or have
Arbitrary shaping of femtosecond non-diffracting beams for filamentation and ultrafast laser materials processing (2017)

International audience
Use of plant-derived antimicrobials for improving the safety of poultry products (2013)

Salmonella Enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni are the 2 major foodborne pathogens transmitted through poultry products. Chickens are the reservoir hosts of these pathogens, with their intestinal colonization being the most significant factor causing contamination of meat and eggs. Effective preslaughter strategies for reducing the colonization of birds with these pathogens are critical to improve the microbiological safety of poultry products. An antimicrobial treatment that can be applied through feed represents the most practical and economically viable method for adoption on farms. Additionally, a natural and safe antimicrobial will be better accepted by producers without concerns for toxicity. This symposium talk discussed the potential use of plant-derived, GRAS (generally recognized as safe)-status molecules, caprylic acid, trans-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol as feed supplements for reducing cecal populations of Salmonella Enteritidis and C. jejuni in chickens. Additionally, the effect of plant molecules on Salmonella virulence genes critical for cecal colonization in chickens was also discussed.
Inflammation and Glucose Sensors: Use of Dexamethasone to Extend Glucose Sensor Function and Life Span in Vivo (2007)

To our knowledge this is the first study directly demonstrating that anti-inflammatory therapy can extend glucose sensor function in vivo and supports the key role of inflammation in loss of sensor function in vivo, as well as the uses of anti-inflammatory therapy as a potential key adjuvant in enhancing glucose sensor function and life span in vivo.
Conflict Management in Dialectical Inquiry, Devil's Advocacy and Consensus-Based Decision Making Approaches in a GSS Environment (2001)

Previous research in Dialectical Inquiry (DI), Devil’s Advocacy (DA) and Consensus (C) based approaches has primarily evaluated outcome variables such as the performance outcome quality, process and solution satisfaction and attraction to group. However, no prior study has looked at the process level variables such as the type and management strategies of conflict, nor the productivity of the conflict resulting from the use of these approaches. This study looks into the generation and management of conflict in DI, DA and C based approaches to decision making in a GSS environment. The primary objective is to find out if there is a superior decision making approach in the GSS environment, and the circumstances under which it will prevail. We take a laboratory based experimental research approach that consists of 37 groups averaging 5 members each and compares the consensus-based (C) approach against dialectical inquiry (DI) and devil's advocacy (DA) approaches to decision making. The results suggest that DA and DI approaches are superior to the C approach in group decision making under GSS environment. However, a mixed result is established in the comparison of DA and DI approaches, in turn indicating the importance of carefully selecting the right approach for different stages of group decision process.
Molecular comparison of prolate- and isometric-headed bacteriophages of lactococci (1989)

Twelve lytic phages that infect lactococci (eight prolate-headed and four isometric-headed phages) were compared via DNA–DNA hybridization, DNA restriction site mapping, genome size estimation, and analysis of virion proteins. Prolate-headed phages carried double-stranded DNA of 21.8 to 23.4 kilobases and showed three major virion proteins in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isometric-headed phages carried double-stranded DNA of 28.1 to 30.4 kilobases and showed one major virion protein. The DNA of all phages had cohesive ends. No DNA hybridization was observed between the two phage types. Restriction endonuclease cleavage site mapping of DNA showed similarities between some of the phages.Key words: Lactococcus lactis, bacteriophages, genome size, phage types, restriction site mapping.
A Simulation Study of Self-Extinguishing Cigarettes (2006)

Abstract In some parts of the USA and in Canada smouldering cigarettes are required to extinguish if placed on a certain number of layers of filter paper. This is usually achieved by the use of bands on the cigarette paper, which reduce oxygen diffusion into the cigarette. From a smoker's perspective, however, it is desirable that a cigarette does not extinguish if left to smoulder, for example, in an ash tray. To facilitate the design of papers for such cigarettes the influence of various cigarette parameters on self-extinguishment is investigated by numerical simulation of a one-dimensional cigarette model, which describes the main thermodynamic behaviour of smouldering cigarettes. The tobacco density, the tobacco heat capacity, the width of the bands on the cigarette paper and the heat released during combustion are chosen as parameters whose influence on the required oxygen diffusion constant of the bands on the cigarette paper is investigated. As these parameters are subject to a certain variation, it is assumed that the parameters are independently normally distributed. Based on this assumption the probability that a cigarette with given mean parameter values will extinguish, is calculated numerically. The results show that the admissible range of diffusion constants for the bands on the cigarette paper is in general quite small and it is reduced even further if statistical variations of the cigarette parameters are considered. The results provide guidelines for the appropriate choice of the diffusion constant of the bands on the cigarette paper such that the cigarettes comply with legal requirements and do not extinguish during normal smoking.
Wind‐profiling Doppler radars for tropical atmospheric research (1990)

The past decade has seen a rapid increase in the use of wind profilers in atmospheric research [ Gage, 1990]. Briefly, wind profilers are Doppler radars that observe winds from Doppler shifts of “clear air” atmospheric echoes. The atmospheric echoes arise from backscattering from turbulent irregularities in the radio refractive index of the atmosphere. Wind profilers operate at several VHF and UHF frequencies, notably in the vicinity of 50, 405, and 915 MHz. Since they measure the radial component of the wind, they can be used to monitor vertical as well as horizontal motions by using antennas phased to look sequentially in several directions.
Investigation of a Self-Aligned Cobalt Silicide Process for Ohmic Contacts to Silicon Carbide (2019)

Previous studies showed that cobalt silicide can form ohmic contacts to p-type 6H-SiC by directly reacting cobalt with 6H-SiC. Similar results can be achieved on 4H-SiC, given the similarities between the different silicon carbide polytypes. However, previous studies using multilayer deposition of silicon/cobalt on 4H-SiC gave ohmic contacts to n-type. In this study, we investigated the cobalt silicide/4H-SiC system to answer two research questions. Can cobalt contacts be self-aligned to contact holes to 4H-SiC? Are the self-aligned contacts ohmic to n-type, p-type, both or neither? Using x-ray diffraction, it was found that a mixture of silicides ( $$\hbox {Co}_2\hbox {Si}$$ and CoSi) was reliably formed at 800 $$^\circ $$ C using rapid thermal processing. The cobalt silicide mixture becomes ohmic to epitaxially grown n-type ( $$1\times 10^{19} \hbox {cm}^{-3}$$ ) if annealed at 1000 $$^\circ $$ C, while it shows rectifying properties to epitaxially grown p-type ( $$1\times 10^{19} \hbox {cm}^{-3}$$ ) for all tested anneal temperatures in the range 800–1000 $$^\circ $$ C. The specific contact resistivity ( $$\rho _\mathrm{C}$$ ) to n-type was $$4.3 \times 10^{-4}$$ $$\mathrm {\Omega }$$ $$\,\hbox {cm}^{2}$$ . This work opens the possibility to investigate other self-aligned contacts to silicon carbide.
Interleukin-9 mediates chronic kidney disease-dependent vein graft disease: a role for mast cells (2017)

CKD aggravates vein graft disease through mechanisms involving IL-9 and mast cell activation.
Adaptive line voltage compensation scheme for a source‐driving controlled AC–DC LED driver (2016)

A primary‐side controlled high‐precision constant current AC–DC LED driver, based on source‐driving control scheme, is designed for low‐power LED‐lighting applications in this study. The ratio between demagnetisation time T Demag and switching period T S and the primary peak current are remained constant by the proposed control IC, obtaining constant current output. Meanwhile, an adaptive line voltage compensation circuit, integrated in the primary peak current controller, is proposed based on source‐driving control scheme. A compensation current proportional to line voltage is injected to the primary‐side current sampling pin CS, thus making the turn‐off bandgap reference of primary peak current under high‐line voltage lower than that under low‐line voltage. As a consequence, overshoot phenomena of primary peak current can be avoided, and the line regulation as well as the precision of output current can be improved. The proposed control IC has been fabricated in TSMC 0.35 μm 5 V/650 V CMOS/LDMOS process. Experimental results of a 5 W prototype show that the output current is kept stable at ∼250 mA, and the line regulation is within ±0.5% in a wide range of universal‐input ac voltage from 85 to 264 V, and that &gt;80% efficiency is obtained under heavy LED loads.
Characteristics of bleomycin-resistant phenotypes of human cell sublines and circumvention of bleomycin resistance by liblomycin. (1989)

Three bleomycin (BLM)-resistant sublines were isolated from a human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line (A-253); these sublines (C-10, D-10, and G-11) were 4-, 9-, and 21-fold resistant to BLM A2, respectively. These sublines were selectively resistant to other members of the BLM class, namely BLM B2, peplomycin, talisomycin S10b, and bleomycinic acid; none of the sublines displayed cross-resistance to vincristine, doxorubicin, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum or melphalan; only one subline (G-11) was cross-resistant to X-irradiation. None of the BLM-resistant cell lines demonstrated resistance to the novel BLM analogue liblomycin, which contains a lipophilic terminal amine. The cell cycle distributions of the clonally derived BLM-resistant cell populations were similar to the distribution of the parental cell population. In vitro BLM hydrolase activity in homogenates of D-10 and G-11 BLM-resistant cell lines was two- to threefold higher than that in homogenates of A-253 or C-10 cells. Nonetheless, no deamido BLM A2 was found associated with any cell type or in the culture medium and more than 80% of the radioactivity in all cells appeared as unmetabolized BLM A2 by high pressure liquid chromatography. Thus, the appearance of large quantities of the deamido BLM metabolite was not a prominent feature of acquired resistance to BLM in these human tumor cells. The cellular accumulation of radiolabeled BLM A2 by C-10 and G-11 cells during a 1-h incubation with [3H]BLM A2 was 1/2 that seen with A-253 and D-10 cells. C-10 cells maintained a lower nuclear content of radioactivity than A-253, G-11, or D-10 cells. Initial single strand DNA damage, based upon alkaline elution analysis, also was lower in C-10 cells compared to A-253 cells. D-10 cells, in contrast, exhibited high initial genomic DNA damage but demonstrated a greater repair rate than either A-253 or C-10 cells. Thus, multiple BLM-resistant phenotypes can be obtained from a population of human squamous carcinoma cells, and modification of the terminal amine in the BLM molecule can produce compounds capable of circumventing all of these BLM-resistant phenotypes. Liblomycin, which appears to be a nonclassical BLM, may be a useful therapeutic agent with a spectrum of activity distinct from other members of the BLM class.
Surface profiles of reflow microlenses under the influence of surface tension and gravity (2000)

We present a finite-element method to calculate 3-D surface profiles of refractive microlenses fabricated by melting-resist technology (reflow technique). The geometry of the microlenses can be arbitrary. Surface tension and gravity are taken into account. Gravity can have an advantageous influence on the profile form, so that smaller focal spots can be achieved. A simple scaling law is given to estimate the influence of gravity on the profile form for given microlens parameters. We compared various theoretical and measured surface profiles of microlenses fabricated by melting-resist technology and found good agreement. Finally, the usefulness of this method for the design of refractive microstructures for smart masks is shown.
A Full HD Multistandard Video Codec for Mobile Applications (2009)

A full high-definition (full HD) video codec includes a high-performance stream processing unit to support multiple standards in mobile application processors. The unit performs at 40 Mbps when operated at a 162-MHz clock rate. Implemented in 65-nm CMOS technology, the proposed video codec consumes 176 mW in real-time decoding of H.264 full HD video.
Metallboranate und Boranatometallate, 25. 25Mg-Kernresonanzuntersuchungen an Magnesiumboranaten [1] (1999)

25 Mg NMR spectroscopy has been used to study the solution behaviour of Mg(BH 4 ) 2 · 3 THF, RMg(BH 4 ) · nL (L = various ethers) and ROMg(BH 4 ) · nL. While the solution state of Mg(BH 4 ) 2 ·3 THF remains unchanged in THF or benzene, Schlenk type equilibria are observed for RMg(BH 4 ) compounds. At low temperatures Mg(BH 4 ) 2 · nL and MgR 2 · nL are the preferred constituents in solution. In contrast, the dimeric ROMg(BH 4 ) compounds do not disproportionate into Mg(OR) 2 · nL and Mg(BH 4 ) 2 · nL.
Pulse doped MODFET's (1984)

We have designed and fabricated a novel variation of the conventional modulation-doped heterostructure FET, based on growth by molecular beam epitaxy. The doping of the AlGaAs is confined to a thin layer, about 100Å thick, close to the heterointerface. This increases the forward voltage of the Schottky gate, reduces the dependence of threshold voltage on MBE growth parameters, allows the use of high doping levels without excessive gate leakage, and reduces trapping effects associated with silicon incorporation into AlGaAs. Extrinsic transconductances greater than 300 mS/mm and F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> 's greater than 33 GHz (for a 0.8 µm gate length) have been measured at room temperature.
2015년도 춘계학술대회 발표논문 : 데리다의 세계주의 구상과 무조건적 환대의 생성적 가능성 (2015)

세계화 현상은 철학으로 하여금 모더니티와 계몽의 유산에 대한 근본적인 사유를 다시금 요청한다. 이러한 맥락에서 본고는 데리다의 세계주의에 대한진단 및 해설과 해체주의가 제시하고 있는 대안을 고찰해 보고자 한다. 세계주의는 계몽의 유산으로서 데리다의 사유가 갖는 특징을 잘 보여 주는 주제라고 할 수 있다. 본고에서는 먼저 데리다의 세계주의 구상에 있어 이론적 기초라고 할 수 있는 개념으로서 해체, 경계, 그리고 아포리아를 살펴본다. 다음으로 세계주의적 지향점에서 데리다의 아포리아 개념이 갖는 생성적 가능성을 보여 주기 위해, 무조건적 용서, 무조건적 환대 개념을 고찰한다. 특히 관용 개념의 한계를 넘어서는 환대 개념을 통해 주인과 손님의 관계와 이방인의 고유한 속성을 제시하도록 한다. 데리다에게 있어서 아포리아적 사유는 해체가 지속적으로 가능하기 위한 당위적인 전제조건으로서 이해된다. 그에게 있어서 관용의 한계는 법과 정의, 조건적 용서와 무조건적 용서, 조건적 환대와 무조건적 환대 사이에서 펼쳐지는 아포리아적 사유를 통해 아포리아의 생성적 가능성이 지속적으로 열려져 있는 상태 그 자체를 의미한다고 볼 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 데리다의 아포리아적 사유는 그의 해체주의를 회의주의적이거나 허무적이라기보다는 긍정적이고 생성적인 가능성을 강조하는 미래지향적 관점으로 이해할 수있도록 한다. 나아가 데리다의 세계주의 구상의 구체적인 논의의 지평으로서 테러리즘과 9/11에 대한 그의 해체적 비평, 그리고 세계주의가 나아가야 할‘또 다른’ 지향점으로서 데리다가 제시하는 도래할 유럽의 약속을 고찰하도록 한다. 데리다의 세계주의 구상에 대한 논의를 통해, 모더니즘과 포스트모더니즘이라는 상이한 이론적 전통이 세계적 지평의 실천적 논의에서 접점을 이룰 수있는 가능성을 생각해 볼 수 있게 된다. 이를 통해 모더니즘과 포스트모더니즘을 변증하는 세계주의에 대한 진정한 의미의 반성적 모더니즘이 가능하리라고 생각한다.
Europium doped transparent glass ceramics containing CaF2 micron-sized crystals: structural and optical characterization (2016)

Transparent glass ceramics containing CaF<sub>2</sub> micron-sized crystals were prepared using a modified liquid-phase sintering route.
Supercritical Fluid Science and Technology (1989)

An overview of new research directions is presented. The domain of this field has grown significantly with advances in separations, reactions, and materials processing of complex substances such as polymers, surfactants, and biomolecules. The field has encompassed a large number of areas in engineering and the chemical, physical, and biological sciences, which will be discussed. In the U.S. new commercial processes include coffee decaffeination, hops extraction, catalyst regeneration, extraction of organic wastes from water, and supercritical fluid chromatography. These applications complement older technologies such as residuum oil supercritical extraction (ROSE), carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery, and reaction processes for the production of polyethylene and primary alcohols in supercritical fluid ethylene. The interest in environmental applications is increasing rapidly. Given the experience gained in developing commercial plants in Europe, the U.S., and now Japan and Korea, it would be expected that the time lag between research and commercialization will diminish.