gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A carbohydrate structural variant of MM glycoprotein (glycophorin A). (1983)

A variant of the MM glycoprotein (glycophorin A) was isolated from erythrocyte membranes of two individual donors, a mother (L.G.) and daughter (V.W.). This glycoprotein was found to be a carbohydrate variant in which, for both donors, certain O-glycosidically linked saccharides retained the core structure consisting of NeuAc(alpha 2,3)Gal(beta 1,3)GalNAc that is common to all O-linked saccharides of the MN glycoproteins, and, in addition, contained substituents, of varying chain lengths, on the primary carbinol of GalNAc. These saccharides were released from the polypeptide by beta-elimination in the presence of sodium borohydride, and aspects of their structure were investigated by glycosidase digestion and periodate oxidation. Thus, the smallest variant structure was deduced to be NeuAc(alpha 2,3)Gal(beta 1,3)[GlcNAc(beta 1,6)]H2GalNAc. The 6-O-linked GlcNAc appears to serve as the focus of further chain elongation reactions, involving alternate additions of Gal and GlcNAc residues and leading to the formation of several homologous structures. Two such structures, NeuAc(alpha 2,3)Gal(beta 1,3)[GlcNAc(beta 1,?) Gal(beta 1,3/4)GlcNAc(beta 1,6)]H2GalNAc and NeuAc(alpha 2,3) Gal(beta 1,3)[Gal(beta 1,3/4)GlcNAc(beta 1,6)]H2GalNAc were the predominant species present. A larger saccharide was also isolated and its partial sequence was determined to be Gal(beta 1,3/4)GlcNAc(beta 1,?)[Gal(beta 1,3/4)Glc-NAc(beta 1,?)] Gal(beta 1,3/4)GlcNAc(beta 1,6)[NeuAc(alpha 2,3)Gal-(beta 1,3)]H2GalNAc. Because the peptide portion of these glycoproteins contains two methionine residues, it was possible to isolate two CNBr glycopeptides from separate regions of the molecule, and to assess the distribution of these variant structures in the polypeptide. The saccharides were linked to about 2-3 Ser and/or Thr residues in the donor LG glycoprotein and one of the attachment sites was located within the CNBr glycooctapeptide representing the NH2 terminus. Considerable heterogeneity in saccharide structure was documented for this site, and it is likely that such heterogeneity occurs also at other sites. The variant saccharides bear structural similarities to the core region of O-linked saccharides of certain blood group-active mucins and ovarian cyst secretions, and to the outer sequences of N-linked carbohydrate units (I-, i-active) of the major glycoprotein of human erythrocytes, band 3. The structures of the variant saccharides suggest that they may be potential precursors of H blood group-active carbohydrates, present in varying degrees of maturity, and attached to an integral protein of erythrocytes.
Highly active MgCl2-supported CpMCl3 (M = Ti, Zr) catalysts for ethylene polymerization (1999)

Monocyclopentadienyl compounds, CpMCl3 (M = Ti, Zr) supported on activated MgCl2 were used for the polymerizations of ethylene in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) or a common alkylaluminium as a cocatalyst. By supporting CpMCl3 on MgCl2, the catalyst activity was increased drastically to show high activity similar to MgCl2-supported TiCl4 catalysts. The activity of the CpZrCl3 /MgCl2 catalyst was higher than that of the CpTiCl3/MgCl2 one. Both catalysts gave polymers with high molecular weight (Mw) and broad molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) in comparison with the corresponding soluble half-metallocene catalysts.
Vibriobactin Biosynthesis in Vibrio cholerae:  VibH Is an Amide Synthase Homologous to Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Condensation Domains (2000)

The Vibrio cholerae siderophore vibriobactin is biosynthesized from three molecules of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB), two molecules of L-threonine, and one of norspermidine. Of the four genes positively implicated in vibriobactin biosynthesis, we have here expressed, purified, and assayed the products of three: vibE, vibB, and vibH. All three are homologous to nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) domains: VibE is a 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate-adenosyl monophosphate ligase, VibB is a bifunctional isochorismate lyase-aryl carrier protein (ArCP), and VibH is a novel amide synthase that represents a free-standing condensation (C) domain. VibE and VibB are homologous to EntE and EntB from Escherichia coli enterobactin synthetase; VibE activates DHB as the acyl adenylate and then transfers it to the free thiol of the phosphopantetheine arm of VibB's ArCP domain. VibH then condenses this DHB thioester (the donor) with the small molecule norspermidine (the acceptor), forming N(1)-(2, 3-dihydroxybenzoyl)norspermidine (DHB-NSPD) with a k(cat) of 600 min(-1) and a K(m) for acyl-VibB of 0.88 microM and for norspermidine of 1.5 mM. Exclusive monoacylation of a primary amine of norspermidine was observed. VibH also tolerates DHB-acylated EntB and 1,7-diaminoheptane, octylamine, and hexylamine as substrates, albeit at lowered catalytic efficiencies. DHB-NSPD possesses one of three acylations required for mature vibriobactin, and its formation confirms VibH's role in vibriobactin biosynthesis. VibH is a unique NRPS condensation domain that acts upon an upstream carrier-protein-bound donor and a downstream amine, turning over a soluble amide product, in contrast to an archetypal NRPS-embedded C domain that condenses two carrier protein thioesters.
The Secret Santa Problem (2006)

In this paper, we will investigate the Secret Santa problem, a combinatorics problem involving derangements with at least one two-cycle. We will first consider the probability that a permutation in a set of derangements has at least one two-cycle, and then generalize the result for derangements with at least one cycle of size q or smaller and derangements with at least one q-cycle. We will first solve for the probabilities by using recurrence relations, and will then provide them in non-recursive form. Next, we will reexamine the eight-year-old solution to the Secret Santa problem, demonstrating an error in the original authors approach. We will solve for the error term, and generalize the results. Finally, we will provide secondary results, including an enumeration of the properties of a class of recurrence relations to which derangements and n! belong.
Design and Implementation of Reconfigurable Security Hash Algorithms Based on FPGA (2009)

Today, security is a topic which attacks the great interest of researchers. Many encryption algorithms have been investigated, and developed in the last years. Hash functions are important security primitives used for authentication and data integrity. The reconfigurable cryptographic chip is an integrated circuit that is designed by means of the method of reconfigurable architecture, and is used for encryption and decryption. It can implement many different cipher algorithms flexibly and quickly, and be used in many fields. This work is related to hash functions FPGA implementation. Five different hash functions SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384 and SHA-512 are studied. A reconfigurable architecture is proposed for the implementation of all of them in the same hardware module. Finally, it gives the implementation results based on the FPGA of the family of Stratix II of Altera Corporation. The proposed system reaches throughput values equal to 727.853 Mbps for SHA-1, 909.816 Mbps for SHA- 224/256, and 1.456 Gbps for SHA-384/512 respectively.
Precipitation of Casein from Acidic Solutions by Divalent Anions (1966)

Abstract Whole casein, α s -, β -, and κ-caseins in acidic solutions are precipitated by low concentrations (about 0.005m) of sodium sulfate. The presence of sulfate in casein solutions broadens the isoelectric precipitation zone on the acid side with no change on the alkaline side. Other divalent anions such as pyrophosphate also precipitate the caseins; chloride, phosphate, and citrate (pH 3.2) do not precipitate caseins in this concentration range. The precipitation is markedly pH-dependent; the lower the pH the greater the concentration of sodium sulfate required for precipitation. The order of precipitation (mm of sodium sulfate giving 50% precipitation at pH 3.2) for the caseins (concentration: 0.4%) is α s , (3.7), κ (4.4), whole (5.6), β (8.3). The precipitation curves are S-shaped except that for κ-casein; precipitation of this casein tends to be incomplete, even with considerable increase in the concentration of sulfate, particularly at lower pH values. Sodium sulfate does not precipitate β -lactoglobulin. The polyanions such as heparin and polyphosphates precipitate both caseins and β -lactoglobulin.
High-Molecular-Mass Multi- c -Heme Cytochromes from Methylococcus capsulatus Bath (1999)

The polypeptide and structural gene for a high-molecular-mass c-type cytochrome, cytochrome c553O, was isolated from the methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus Bath. Cytochrome c553O is a homodimer with a subunit molecular mass of 124,350 Da and an isoelectric point of 6. 0. The heme c concentration was estimated to be 8.2 +/- 0.4 mol of heme c per subunit. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum showed the presence of multiple low spin, S = 1/2, hemes. A degenerate oligonucleotide probe synthesized based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of cytochrome c553O was used to identify a DNA fragment from M. capsulatus Bath that contains occ, the gene encoding cytochrome c553O. occ is part of a gene cluster which contains three other open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encodes a putative periplasmic c-type cytochrome with a molecular mass of 118, 620 Da that shows approximately 40% amino acid sequence identity with occ and contains nine c-heme-binding motifs. ORF3 encodes a putative periplasmic c-type cytochrome with a molecular mass of 94, 000 Da and contains seven c-heme-binding motifs but shows no sequence homology to occ or ORF1. ORF4 encodes a putative 11,100-Da protein. The four ORFs have no apparent similarity to any proteins in the GenBank database. The subunit molecular masses, arrangement and number of hemes, and amino acid sequences demonstrate that cytochrome c553O and the gene products of ORF1 and ORF3 constitute a new class of c-type cytochrome.
Evidence for Upwelling of Corrosive "Acidified" Water onto the Continental Shelf (2008)

The absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) into the ocean lowers the pH of the waters. This so-called ocean acidification could have important consequences for marine ecosystems. To better understand the extent of this ocean acidification in coastal waters, we conducted hydrographic surveys along the continental shelf of western North America from central Canada to northern Mexico. We observed seawater that is undersaturated with respect to aragonite upwelling onto large portions of the continental shelf, reaching depths of approximately 40 to 120 meters along most transect lines and all the way to the surface on one transect off northern California. Although seasonal upwelling of the undersaturated waters onto the shelf is a natural phenomenon in this region, the ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 has increased the areal extent of the affected area.
Converted-wave Controlled Beam Migration with Sparse Sources or Receivers (2013)

Gaussian Beam depth (GBM) migration overcomes the single-wavefront limitation of the majority of Kirchhoff implementations, and constitutes a cost-effective alternative to full-wavefield imaging methods such as reverse time migration. Common-offset (CO) beam migration was originally derived to exploit the symmetries available in marine towed-streamer acquisition. However, sparse acquisition geometries, such as cross-spread and ocean bottom, do not easily accommodate the requirements for common-azimuth migration. Seismic data interpolation or regularization can be used to mitigate this problem and to form well-populated common offset-vector (COV) tiles. Unfortunately, this procedure is computationally intensive and can, in the case of converted-wave imaging with sparse receivers, compromise the final image resolution. For all these reasons, we introduce a common-shot (or common-receiver) controlled-beam migration (CBM) implementation which allows the migration of datasets particularly rich in azimuth, without any regularization pre-processing required. CBM is a specialized version of GBM aimed at signal-to-noise ratio enhancement. Using some examples, we demonstrate that PS-imaging of ocean bottom-node (OBN) data benefits from this formulation, particularly in the shallow subsurface where regularization is both most necessary and most challenging.
A Theoretical Study of Conformational Properties ofN-Methyl Azapeptide Derivatives (2002)

The conformational properties of azapeptide derivatives, Ac-azaGly-NHMe (1), Ac-azaAla-NHMe (2), Ac-NMe-azaGly-NHMe (3), Ac-NMe-azaAla-NHMe (4), Ac-azaGly-NMe(2) (5), Ac-azaAla-NMe(2) (6), Ac-NMe-azaGly-NMe(2) (7), and Ac-NMe-azaAla-NMe(2) (8), were systematically examined by using ab initio MO and DFT methods. Structural perturbations in azapeptides resulting from cyclic substitution of a methyl group at three N-positions of an azaamino acid were studied on the basis of the structure of the simplest model azapeptide, 1. Potential energy surfaces were generated at the HF/6-31G level for 1-4 and at the HF/6-31G//HF/3-21G level for 5-8 by rotating two key dihedral angles (phi, psi) in increments of 30 degrees. The backbone (phi, psi) angles of the minima for 1-4 are observed at the i + 2 position to form the betaI(I')-, betaII(II')-, betaVI-turns or the polyproline II structure according to the orientation of the acetyl group and the positions of the N-methyl groups. Compounds 5-8 coupled to a secondary amine were found to preferentially adopt polyproline II, betaI(III)-turn, or alpha-helical structure or even extended conformations depending on the orientation of the acetyl group and the positions of the N-methyl groups. Furthermore, N-methyl groups, depending on their positions, were found to affect the orientation of the amide group in the lowest energy conformations, the pyramidality of the N2 atom, and the bond length in azapeptide derivatives. These unique theoretical conformations of N-methyl azapeptide derivatives could be utilized in the definite design of secondary structure for peptides and proteins, and in the development of new drugs and molecular machines.
Oxidation Characteristics of Some Diester Fluids (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation Characteristics of Some Diester FluidsC. M. Murphy and Harold RavnerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44, 7, 1607–1612Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50511a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50511a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Intercomparison of SMAP, SMOS and Aquarius L-band brightness temperature observations (2016)

Verifying the calibration of the SMAP radiometer over land observations is an important mission requirement. Inter-comparison of L-band brightness temperature observations from different satellites (SMAP, SMOS and Aquarius) is a useful tool for radiometer calibration. Brightness temperatures observations made at the same frequency, polarization, incidence angle and coincident in time and location should be consistent with each other. SMAP brightness temperature observations were compared with SMOS observations at 40o incidence angle. The observations from the two satellites were found to be consistent with each other over the entire dynamic range (both ocean and land). The RMSD between the two missions was less than 3 K. The two observations exhibit a strong linear relationship and the observed bias was less than 0.5 K for both polarizations. This bias is within the required target accuracy requirement of the SMAP radiometer (requirement of 1.3 K).
Thermal Cracking of Sugars for the Production of Glycolaldehyde and Other Small Oxygenates (2019)

Thermal cracking of sugars for production of glycolaldehyde, a potential renewable platform molecule, in yields up to 74 % with up to 95 % carbon recovered in the condensed product is demonstrated using glucose as the feed. The process involves spraying an aqueous sugar solution into a fluidized bed of glass beads. Continuous operation is carried out for more than 90 h with complete conversion and stable product selectivity. Besides glycolaldehyde, the other identified condensed products are pyruvaldehyde (9 %), formaldehyde (7 %), glyoxal (2 %), acetol (2 %), and acetic acid (1 %). The effects of temperature, glucose feed concentration, and type of sugar feedstock are investigated. Cracking the monosaccharides fructose and xylose leads to very different product distributions from glucose, but similar carbon recovery. A reaction network in agreement with the main observed products from cracking of monosaccharide sugars is proposed.
Impact of Bis-O-dihydroferuloyl-1,4-butanediol Content on the Chemical, Enzymatic and Fungal Degradation Processes of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (2022)

Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a very common bio-based and biocompatible polymer obtained from the fermentation of soil bacteria. Due to its important crystallinity, PHB is extremely brittle in nature, which results in poor mechanical properties with low extension at the break. To overcome these issues, the crystallinity of PHB can be reduced by blending with plasticizers such as ferulic acid derivatives, e.g., bis-<i>O</i>-dihydroferuloyl-1,4-butanediol (BDF). The degradation potential of polymer blends of PHB containing various percentages (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 w%) of BDF was investigated through chemical, enzymatic and fungal pathways. Chemical degradation revealed that, in 0.25 M NaOH solution, the presence of BDF in the blend was necessary to carry out the degradation, which increased as the BDF percentage increased. Whereas no enzymatic degradation could be achieved in the tested conditions. Fungal degradation was achieved with a strain isolated from the soil and monitored through imagery processing. Similar to the chemical degradation, higher BDF content resulted in higher degradation by the fungus.
Synthesis, Chiral Resolution, and Enantiopharmacology of a Potent 2,3-Benzodiazepine Derivative as Noncompetitive AMPA Receptor Antagonist (2005)

This paper describes the synthesis of racemic 3,5-dihydro-5-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-4H-2,3-benzodiazepin-4-one (+/-)-5, attempted stereoselective synthesis of its enantiomers, chiral HPLC resolution of the racemate, and assignment of the absolute configuration. Enantiomer (5S)-(-)-5 is provided with an in vivo anticonvulsant activity 8 times higher than its enantiomer (5R)-(+)-5. This result is confirmed in the in vitro test by the ability to inhibit the kainate-induced increase of the [Ca(2+)](i) in a primary culture of rat cerebellar granule cells which express alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Binding affinity of compound (+/-)-5 at the AMPA and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors was also evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Nucleophilic Difluoromethylation of Enolizable Ketones with CHF2TMS/HMPA. (2016)

Abstract A novel protocol for the direct difluoromethylation of enolizable ketones is achieved with TmsCHF 2 in the presence of CsF/HMPA as additives.
MEASURING P-WAVE MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY FOR AF-PRONE PATIENTS IDENTIFICATION (2011)

Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. Abnormal P-waves have been observed in patients prone to AF and the analysis of P-waves from surface electrocardiogram has been extensively used to identify patients prone to atrial arrhythmias. Measuring the temporal variability of P- waves, i.e., the variation over time of morphological characteristics of single P-waves, may represent a useful method for characterizing and predicting AF cases. In this paper, we propose a method for the statistical analysis of P-waves variability. It is based on the evaluation of the empirical distribution function of differences energy among normalized P-waves. The proposed method seems promising for capturing atrial anomalies and identifying patients prone to AF.
Packetized energy management: Asynchronous and anonymous coordination of thermostatically controlled loads (2017)

Because of their internal energy storage, electrically powered, distributed thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) have the potential to be dynamically managed to match their aggregate load to the available supply. However, in order to facilitate consumer acceptance of this type of load management, TCLs need to be managed in a way that avoids degrading perceived quality of service (QoS), autonomy, and privacy. This paper presents a real-time, adaptable approach to managing TCLs that both meets the requirements of the grid and does not require explicit knowledge of a specific TCL's state. The method leverages a packetized, probabilistic approach to energy delivery that draws inspiration from digital communications. We demonstrate the packetized approach using a case-study of 1000 simulated water heaters and show that the method can closely track a time-varying reference signal without noticeably degrading the QoS. In addition, we illustrate how placing a simple ramp-rate limit on the aggregate response overcomes synchronization effects that arise under prolonged peak curtailment scenarios.
A Natural 2D Heterostructure [Pb3.1Sb0.9S4][AuxTe2–x] with Large Transverse Nonsaturating Negative Magnetoresistance and High Electron Mobility (2019)

We report the two-dimensional (2D) natural heterostructure [Pb<sub>3.1</sub>Sb<sub>0.9</sub>S<sub>4</sub>][Au <sub>x</sub>Te<sub>2- x</sub>] ( x = 0.52-0.36) which shows anomalous, transverse nonsaturating negative magnetoresistance (MR). For x = 0.52, the material has a commensurately modulated structure with alternating [Pb<sub>3.1</sub>Sb<sub>0.9</sub>S<sub>4</sub>] rocksalt layers and atomically thin [Au <sub>x</sub>Te<sub>2- x</sub>] sheets, as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction using a (3 + 1)-dimensional space group; for other x compositions, the modulated structure is absent and the Au and Te atoms are disordered. The transport properties in this system at low temperature (<100 K) are dominated by an unusual 2D hopping mechanism, while at room temperature a high carrier mobility of ∼1352 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> is obtained ( x = 0.36). The confined electrons within the [Au <sub>x</sub>Te<sub>2- x</sub>] layers are also exposed to interlayer coupling with the insulating [Pb<sub>3.1</sub>Sb<sub>0.9</sub>S<sub>4</sub>] layers, and as a result, the properties of the heterostructures emerge not only from the constituent layers but also the interactions between them. Furthermore, the various Au and Te coordination patterns found in the [Au <sub>x</sub>Te<sub>2- x</sub>] sheets as a function of x further contribute to a unique electronic structure that leads to the anomalous nonsaturating negative MR with different field dependent behaviors. First-principles calculations indicate that the [Au <sub>x</sub>Te<sub>2- x</sub>] sheets are responsible for the unusual electrical transport properties in this 2D system.