gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum machine learning for data scientists (2018)

This text aims to present and explain quantum machine learning algorithms to a data scientist in an accessible and consistent way. The algorithms and equations presented are not written in rigorous mathematical fashion, instead, the pressure is put on examples and step by step explanation of difficult topics. This contribution gives an overview of selected quantum machine learning algorithms, however there is also a method of scores extraction for quantum PCA algorithm proposed as well as a new cost function in feed-forward quantum neural networks is introduced. The text is divided into four parts: the first part explains the basic quantum theory, then quantum computation and quantum computer architecture are explained in section two. The third part presents quantum algorithms which will be used as subroutines in quantum machine learning algorithms. Finally, the fourth section describes quantum machine learning algorithms with the use of knowledge accumulated in previous parts.
Chromosomal abnormalities among children born with conotruncal cardiac defects (2008)

We found an unusual number of infants with an extra sex chromosome and a conotruncal defect. Infants with tetralogy of Fallot owing to 22q11 microdeletion showed more associated vascular anomalies than infants with tetralogy without a 22q11 microdeletion. Although these associated vascular anomalies provide clues as to which infants with tetralogy of Fallot are more likely to carry the microdeletion, the overall risk of 10% among infants with tetralogy of Fallot warrants chromosome analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) testing routinely, which may be supplanted by genome-wide copy number testing as it becomes more widely utilized.
Editorial Comment (2021)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Sep 2021Editorial CommentThis article comments on the following:Final 5-Year Outcomes of the Multicenter Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial of a Water Vapor Thermal Therapy for Treatment of Moderate to Severe Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasiais a letter which has replyReply by Authors Alexis E. Te Alexis E. TeAlexis E. Te Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000001778.02AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comment." The Journal of Urology, 206(3), pp. 723–724 References 1. : Recent advances in prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia. F1000Res 2019; 8: F1000. Google Scholar 2. : Three-year outcomes after Aquablation therapy compared to TURP: results from a blinded randomized trial. Can J Urol 2020; 27: 10072. Google Scholar 3. : Surgical reintervention rate after prostatic urethral lift: systematic review and meta-analysis involving over 2,000 patients. J Urol 2021; 205: 940. Link, Google Scholar © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRelated articlesJournal of Urology19 Apr 2021Final 5-Year Outcomes of the Multicenter Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial of a Water Vapor Thermal Therapy for Treatment of Moderate to Severe Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic HyperplasiaJournal of Urology2 Jun 2021Reply by Authors Volume 206Issue 3September 2021Page: 723-724 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Alexis E. Te Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Cooperative Multi-Cell Networks: Impact of Limited-Capacity Backhaul and Inter-Users Links (2007)

Cooperative technology is expected to have a great impact on the performance of cellular or, more generally, infrastructure networks. Both multicell processing (cooperation among base stations) and relaying (cooperation at the user level) are currently being investigated. In this presentation, recent results regarding the performance of multicell processing and user cooperation under the assumption of limited-capacity interbase station and inter-user links, respectively, are reviewed. The survey focuses on related results derived for non-fading uplink and downlink channels of simple cellular system models. The analytical treatment, facilitated by these simple setups, enhances the insight into the limitations imposed by limited-capacity constraints on the gains achievable by cooperative techniques.
Multispectral Fluorescence Imaging (2009)

Multispectral fluorescence imaging (MSFI) is a rapidly growing field with broad applications in both preclinical and clinical settings. Application of this novel technology in small-animal imaging and microscopy produces enhanced sensitivity and reliable quantification and resolves multiple simultaneous signals. MSFI flow cytometry can quantify multiple fluorescent parameters with morphologic or subcellular spatial details on millions of cells. MSFI has the potential to improve the accuracy of disease detection or differentiation and intrasurgical metastatic diagnosis, guide neurosurgeries, and monitor treatment response.
B-6 : Omics Approaches Give New Insights into Genome Variability and Evolution of Basal Human Pathogens of the Order Mucorales (2019)

The kingdom of fungi provides model organisms for biotechnology, cell biology, genetics, and life sciences in general. Only when their phylogenetic relationships are stably resolved, can individual results from fungal research be integrated into a holistic picture of biology. However, and despite recent progress, many deep relationships especially within the ancestral fungi remain still unclear. Here we present our first results of genome evolution of basal lineages of the fungal kingdom. Emphasis is given on members of the order Mucorales which are among the most basal terrestrial fungi. The majority of mucoralean fungi are saprophytes in the soil but some are opportunistic pathogens and can cause life-threatening infections in humans (mucormycosis). Mucoralean fungi represent an interesting model to study genomics and the transition to pathogenicity in basal fungi. The genomes are characterized by a uniquely high number of gene duplications, involving also putative virulence factors. However, only little is known about the genome evolution and the molecular basis of pathogenicity in mucoralean fungi, since they have long been neglected by research. To get further insights into these aspects of mucoralean fungi, we used a combination of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomic approaches to investigate different strains Lichtheimia species, which represent one of the most ancient families of the Mucorales and the second-most common cause of mucormycosis in Europe. Our results give first insights into the polyploid genomes in mucoralean fungi. Further analyses of the strain and derived single spore isolates will improve our understanding of genome evolution and the molecular mechanisms involved in growth, signaling, stress resistance and pathogenicity in basal fungi. In addition, an attempt is made (i) to provide a traditional view in the systematic coherence of the zygosporic fungi based on molecular data in combination with morphological traits, (ii) to discuss the conflicting results of several previously published multigene genealogies, and (iii) to resurrect and validate the Zygomycota as a distinct phylum, to include the Mucoromycotina, Mortierellomycotina, Kickxellomycotina, Entomophthoromycotina and Zoopagomycotina.
Measuring radiation of small electronic equipment in three-dimensional TEM cells (2002)

Three-dimensional TEM cells are starting to be used for EMC immunity testing and radiation measurements. In the second case, these new test facilities offer the advantage of not having to place the equipment under test in different positions to obtain its total radiated power or its far-field radiation pattern. After a brief overview of the general concept of 3D-TEM cells followed by a summary on radiation measurements in TEM and GTEM cells, the second part of this paper presents the practical application of radiation measurements of off-the-shelf electronic equipment using an industrial prototype of a 6-plate 3D-TEM cell. The results are then compared to reference results obtained of a conventional symmetrical TEM cell. This paper concludes with the repeatability and reproducibility of results obtained and the possibilities of measuring radiation from very small items such as electronic components.
Catecholamines Induce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Via Both Alpha and Beta Receptors (2019)

Severely burned patients suffer from a hypermetabolic syndrome that can last for years after the injury has resolved. The underlying cause of these metabolic alterations most likely involves the persistent elevated catecholamine levels that follow the surge induced by thermal injury. At the cellular level, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in metabolic tissues is a hallmark observed in patients following burn injury and is associated with several detrimental effects. Therefore, ER stress could be the underlying cellular mechanism of persistent hypermetabolism in burned patients. Here, we show that catecholamines induce ER stress and that adreno-receptor blockers reduce stress responses in the HepG2 hepatocyte cell line. Our results also indicate that norepinephrine (NE) significantly induces ER stress in HepG2 cells and 3T3L1 mouse adipocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the alpha-1 blocker, prazosin, and beta blocker, propranolol, block ER stress induced by NE. We also show that the effects of catecholamines in inducing ER stress are cell type-specific, as NE treatment failed to evoke ER stress in human fibroblasts. Thus, these findings reveal the mechanisms used by catecholamines to alter metabolism and suggest inhibition of the receptors utilized by these agents should be further explored as a potential target for the treatment of ER stress-mediated disease.
Flow Batteries: Current Status and Trends (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewFlow Batteries: Current Status and TrendsGrigorii L. Soloveichik*View Author Information GE Global Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, New York 12309, United States*E-mail: [email protected]. Tel.: (202) 287-6415. Fax: (202) 287-5450.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 20, 11533–11558Publication Date (Web):September 21, 2015Publication History Received30 December 2014Published online21 September 2015Published inissue 28 October 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr500720thttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr500720treview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views22952Altmetric-Citations949LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Batteries,Electrodes,Electrolytes,Energy density,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Electrothermal model of switching in amorphous silicon films (1980)

The pulse repetition frequency dependence of the delay time, td, in amorphous silicon films produced by electron-beam evaporation in a Ti–Si–Ti sandwich structure has been found to give two opposite trends. Below about 1 kHz, td increases as the frequency is increased but is independent of the pulse duration. Above 1 kHz, td decreases with frequency and is also reduced in magnitude by increasing the pulse width. In this paper, an electrothermal mechanism of switching has been used to explain the above phenomenon satisfactorily. The predictions of the model as regards td decreasing with increasing over-voltage and increasing film thickness, the threshold voltage exhibiting a half-power law relationship with thickness and its temperature dependence, and the effect of space–charge injection around the electrodes are confirmed by experiments. Finally, a view of switching combining both thermal and electronic elements is presented.
[Concentration and method of cadmium fixation by a marine Vibrio]. (1977)

In many organisms, intracellular fixation of cadmium involves specific proteins, the metallothioneins. A similar phenomenon was demonstrated in a marine bacterium belonging to the genus Vibrio. The accumulation of the metal is a function of its concentration in the medium. The uptake is also increased by cysteine, which decreases the toxicity of the metal.
Phylogenetic and morphological influence on habitat choice in moisture‐harvesting horned lizards (Phrynosoma spp.) (2021)

In previous studies, the superhydrophilic skin of moisture-harvesting lizards has been linked to the morphological traits of the lizards' integument, that is, the occurrence of honeycomb-shaped microstructures. Interestingly, these structures can also cover the skin of lizards inhabiting wet habitats. We therefore tested the influence of the microstructures' main features on the habitat choice and wettability in the genus <i>Phrynosoma</i>. The genus <i>Phrynosoma</i> comprises moisture-harvesting species as well as nonspecialists. Lizards of this genus inhabit large areas of North America with diverse climatic conditions. Remarkably, the differences in the manifestation of microstructures are just as versatile as their surroundings. The phylogeny of the lizards as well as the depth of their ventral microstructures, though independent of each other, correlated with the precipitation in their respective habitat. All other morphological traits, as well as the skin's wettability itself, could not predict the habitat of <i>Phrynosoma</i> species. Hence, it is unlikely that the microstructure influences the wettability, at least directly. Hence, we presume an indirect influence for the following reasons: (a) As the ventral side cannot get wet by rain, but the belly could easily interact with a wet surface, the microstructure might facilitate water absorption from wet soil following precipitation. (b) We found the number of dorsal microstructures to be linked to the occurrence of silt in the habitat. In our study, we observed scales being heavily contaminated, most likely with a mixture of dead skin (after shedding) and silt. As many lizards burrow themselves or even shovel sand onto their backs, deploying the substrate might be a mechanism to increase the skin's wettability.
Segmentation of magnetic resonance images to construct human head model for diffuse optical imaging (2011)

The brain activation image obtained by diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is obtained by solving inverse problem using the spatial sensitivity profile (SSP). The SSP can be obtained from the analysis of the light propagation using three-dimensional head models. The head model is based upon segmented magnetic resonance (MR) image and there are several types of software based on binarization for segmentation of MR head images. We segmented superficial tissues which effect the light propagation in human head from MR images acquired with FATSAT and FIESTA pulse sequences by using region growing algorithm and morphological operation to facilitate the construction of the individual head models for DOT. The pixel intensity distribution of these images has appropriate characteristics to extract the superficial tissues by using algorithm based on binarization. The result of extraction was compared with the extraction from T2-weighted image which is commonly used to extract superficial tissues. The result of extraction from FATSAT or FIESTA image agree well with ground truth determined by manual segmentation.
In vivo antiproliferative activity of the phoshino copper(I) drug [Cu(thp)4][PF6] (2013)

Several studies report that tumour tissues have proved to be avid of copper. Tberefore, tumour cells may represent an appropriate, selective target for a properly designed copper-based antitumor drug. Non-tumour cells may promote, instead, elimination of excess copper through homeostatic mechanisms, as it happens under natural phases of the life characterized by the occurrence of neovascularization processes as embryonic and postembryonic deveìoprnent,\nreproductive cycle, wound repair, etc ..\nThe interest of the inorganic chemistry community in the development of copper-based antitumor drugs has rapidly expanded in the last few years. Despite the huge number of\ncomplexes showing promising antitumor activity in in vitro tests (sometimes at nanomolar level), the transfer into in vivo models remains poorly practiced. \nBased on the above arguments, we have been testing the amiproliferative properties of the cationic copper(I) complex, (Cu(thp)4](PF6] (CP; thp = tris-hydroxymethylphosphine). CP is a bydrophilic derivative, stable toward metal disproportionation in aqueous media. The chemical structure of CP is tetrahedral in the solid state (X-ray) and in the solution state at 10-2 / 10-3 M concentrations. On the contrary, at 10-5 concentration CP was found to promote the forrnation of co-ordinatively unsaturated [Cu(thp)3]+, [Cu(thp)2]+, [Cu(thp)]+, species.\nIn vitro assays have established that CP is an effective anticancer agent against several human cancer cells in vitro, and against murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LCC) in vivo.
Signal Form Influences on the Fatigue Behavior of PZT Thin Film Capacitors (2007)

Fatigue is a commonly known failure mechanism in Pt/PZT/Pt thin film capacitors. The remnant polarization shows a fast drop after 105 to 106 bipolar switching cycles. The reason for this loss of switchable polarization is mainly unknown. We studied the influence of the used switching signal, especially the influence of its shape. A great number of fatigue measurements had to be taken to get reliable data. In order to reduce the measuring time a way to extrapolate the fatigue curve by one decade is introduced and show to be accurate with an error of below 1%. It is also shown that the leading edge of the switching signal has an influence on the fatigue behavior of Pt/PZT/Pt thin films.
Novel catalytic and mechanistic studies on wastewater denitrification with hydrogen (2013)

The present work reports up-to-date information regarding the reaction mechanism of the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrates in water media. In the present mechanistic study, an attempt is made, for the first time, to elucidate the crucial role of several catalysts and reaction parameters in the mechanism of the NO(3)(-)/H(2) reaction. Steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA) experiments coupled with ex situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) were performed on supported Pd-Cu catalysts for the NO(3)(-)/H(2) and NO(3)(-)/H(2)/O(2) reactions. The latter experiments revealed that the formation and surface coverage of various adsorbed active intermediate N-species on the support or Pd/Cu metal surface is significantly favored in the presence of TiO(2) in the support mixture and in the presence of oxygen in the reaction's gaseous feed stream. The differences in the reactivity of these adsorbed N-species, found in the present work, adequately explain the large effect of the chemical composition of the support and the gas feed composition on catalyst behaviour (activity and selectivity). The present study leads to solid mechanistic evidence concerning the presence of a hydrogen spillover process from the metal to the support. Moreover, this study shows that Cu clusters are active sites for the reduction of nitrates to nitrites.
Facing the Challenges of Borderline Oxidation State Assignments Using State-of-the-Art Computational Methods (2020)

The oxidation state (OS) of metals and ligands in inorganic complexes may be defined by carefully curated rules, such as from IUPAC, or by computational procedures such as the effective oxidation state (EOS) or localized orbital bonding analysis (LOBA). Such definitions typically agree for systems with simple ionic bonding and innocent ligands but may disagree as the boundary between ionic and covalent bonds is approached, or as the role of ligand noninnocence becomes nontrivial, or high oxidation states of metals are supported by heavy dative bonding, and so on. This work systematically compares IUPAC, EOS, and LOBA across a series of complexes where OS assignment is challenging. These systems include high-valent transition metal oxides, transition metal complexes with noninnocent ligands such as dithiolate and nitrosyl, metal sulfur dioxide adducts, and two transition metal carbene complexes. The differences in OS assignment by the three methods are carefully discussed, demonstrating the synergy between EOS and LOBA. In addition, a clarity index for LOBA OS assignments is introduced that provides an indication of whether or not its predictions are close to the ionic-covalent boundary.
Electrospinning – Some Technical Aspects (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Technical Setups for Creating Jets Designs of Counterelectrode Configurations Allowing Preparation of Nonwovens with a Broad Range of Architecture Electrospinning – Some Technical Aspects – Important Facts to Remember References
Realization of high‐crystalline‐quality and thick GaInN films (2009)

Abstract We report on the growth of a completely relaxed, high‐ crystalline‐quality, and thick GaInN layer on a grooved m‐plane GaN template using sidewall epitaxial lateral overgrowth (SELO) technology. We grew GaInN‐based multiple quantum wells (MQWs) on this GaInN layer, and the PL intensity was compared with that for the same GaInN/GaN MQWs on m‐plane GaN grown by SELO. The PL peak intensity obtained from the GaInN/GaN MQW on the high‐crystalline‐quality thick GaInN on grooved GaN was approximately 1.7 times higher than that on the SELO m‐plane GaN template. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enabling Goal Oriented Action Planning with Goal Net (2009)

In this paper, we propose an agent planning system based on the Goal Net model. The agent’s goals are identified and organized in a composite goal hierarchy. Three kinds of relations between goals are defined: choice, concurrency and synchronization. Actions between goals are designed to accomplish subsequent goals. The agent’s desire is satisfied by accomplishing a serial of intermediary goals and finally achieving the ultimate goal that is satisfying the desire. The agent’s action plan is a list of actions to accomplish the intermediary goals in the solution. Because Goal Net is designed by considering agent’s possible desires directly, this bridges the distance between BDI agent design and the planning system. A searching algorithm is proposed to select goals in Goal Net. A case study of e-learning agent is shown to demonstrate the planning system.