gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disinfection of Foods, Waste Residuals and Homeland Defense Materials with Accelerated Electron Injection (2005)

Disinfection of Foods, Waste Residuals and Homeland Defense Materials with Accelerated Electron InjectionControlling waterborne disease by adequate disinfection processes continues to be the main objective for water utilities; public operated treatment works (POTWs) and food processing facilities. Moreover, threats such as biological and chemical terrorism have faced the nation with new issues to consider when planning treatment strategies for new or existing plants. Traditional treatment processes...Author(s)Michael G. NickelsenDenis M. ConleyPaul M. TornatoreWilliam J. CooperTheresa R. SlifkoSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 9: Biosolids – Innovations and Near Future PracticesDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2005ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20050101)2005:1L.688;1-DOI10.2175/193864705783978735Volume / Issue2005 / 1Content sourceDisinfection and Reuse SymposiumFirst / last page(s)688 - 703Copyright2005Word count362
Combined effect of boron compounds and heat treatments on wood properties: Boron release and decay and termite resistance (2006)

Abstract The decay and termite resistance of boric acid (BA)- and di-sodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT)-treated sugi sapwood was tested in the context of additional heat treatments at two temperature levels. Heat treatments had no effect on boron release and almost all boron was leached from specimens during a 10-day weathering period. Decay tests with the brown-rot fungus Fomitopsis palustris and the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor and a 3-week termite resistance test with the subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus were performed. Heat treatments did not increase the decay resistance of either BA- or DOT-treated specimens against the brown-rot fungus. However, the decay resistance of BA-treated specimens against the same fungus increased after heat treatment at 220°C for 2 h. Heat treatments at 180°C for 4 h and 220°C for 2 h also resulted in increased decay resistance of DOT-treated specimens against T. versi-color . Increased resistance against termite attack was observed only in DOT-treated specimens heated at 180°C for 4 h or at 220°C for 2 h. Accordingly, a synergistic effect between heat and DOT treatments was observed for resistance against white-rot decay and termites.
Associations between ALOX, COX, and CRP polymorphisms and breast cancer among Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white women: The breast cancer health disparities study (2014)

Chronic inflammation is suggested to be associated with specific cancer sites, including breast cancer. Recent research has focused on the roles of genes involved in the leukotriene/lipoxygenase and prostaglandin/cyclooxygenase pathways in breast cancer etiology. We hypothesized that genes in ALOX/COX pathways and CRP polymorphisms would be associated with breast cancer risk and mortality in our sample of Hispanic/Native American (NA) (1430 cases, 1599 controls) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) (2093 cases, 2610 controls) women. A total of 104 Ancestral Informative Markers was used to distinguish European and NA ancestry. The adaptive rank truncated product (ARTP) method was used to determine the significance of associations for each gene and the inflammation pathway with breast cancer risk and by NA ancestry. Overall, the pathway was associated with breast cancer risk (PARTP = 0.01). Two-way interactions with NA ancestry (P(adj) < 0.05) were observed for ALOX12 (rs2292350, rs2271316) and PTGS1 (rs10306194). We observed increases in breast cancer risk in stratified analyses by tertiles of polyunsaturated fat intake for ALOX12 polymorphisms; the largest increase in risk was among women in the highest tertile with ALOX12 rs9904779CC (Odds Ratio (OR), 1.49; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.14-1.94, P(adj) = 0.01). In a sub-analysis stratified by NSAIDs use, two-way interactions with NSAIDs use were found for ALOX12 rs9904779 (P(adj) = 0.02), rs434473 (P(adj ) = 0.02), and rs1126667 (P(adj) = 0.01); ORs for ALOX12 polymorphisms ranged from 1.55 to 1.64 among regular users. Associations were not observed with breast cancer mortality. These findings could support advances in the discovery of new pathways related to inflammation for breast cancer treatment.
Lysosomes in iron metabolism, ageing and apoptosis (2008)

The lysosomal compartment is essential for a variety of cellular functions, including the normal turnover of most long-lived proteins and all organelles. The compartment consists of numerous acidic vesicles (pH approximately 4 to 5) that constantly fuse and divide. It receives a large number of hydrolases ( approximately 50) from the trans-Golgi network, and substrates from both the cells' outside (heterophagy) and inside (autophagy). Many macromolecules contain iron that gives rise to an iron-rich environment in lysosomes that recently have degraded such macromolecules. Iron-rich lysosomes are sensitive to oxidative stress, while 'resting' lysosomes, which have not recently participated in autophagic events, are not. The magnitude of oxidative stress determines the degree of lysosomal destabilization and, consequently, whether arrested growth, reparative autophagy, apoptosis, or necrosis will follow. Heterophagy is the first step in the process by which immunocompetent cells modify antigens and produce antibodies, while exocytosis of lysosomal enzymes may promote tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Apart from being an essential turnover process, autophagy is also a mechanism by which cells will be able to sustain temporary starvation and rid themselves of intracellular organisms that have invaded, although some pathogens have evolved mechanisms to prevent their destruction. Mutated lysosomal enzymes are the underlying cause of a number of lysosomal storage diseases involving the accumulation of materials that would be the substrate for the corresponding hydrolases, were they not defective. The normal, low-level diffusion of hydrogen peroxide into iron-rich lysosomes causes the slow formation of lipofuscin in long-lived postmitotic cells, where it occupies a substantial part of the lysosomal compartment at the end of the life span. This seems to result in the diversion of newly produced lysosomal enzymes away from autophagosomes, leading to the accumulation of malfunctioning mitochondria and proteins with consequent cellular dysfunction. If autophagy were a perfect turnover process, postmitotic ageing and several age-related neurodegenerative diseases would, perhaps, not take place.
Thallium in organic synthesis. XV. Synthesis of phenols and aromatic nitriles (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThallium in organic synthesis. XV. Synthesis of phenols and aromatic nitrilesEdward Curtis Taylor, H. W. Altland, R. H. Danforth, G. McGillivray, and Alexander McKillopCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 11, 3520–3522Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00714a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00714a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IEEE 1588 clock synchronization using dual slave clocks in a slave (2009)

IEEE 1588 is a standard used in the synchronization of independent clocks that run on separate nodes of a distributed measurement and control system. This work presents a method that employs dual slave clocks in a slave to measure the link propagation delay, clock skew and offset. By accurately deriving these parameters, the proposed approach can reduce the deviation from the master clock to several orders of magnitude better than the required specification. The proposed technique fully conforms to the IEEE 1588, and can be used in the environments of symmetric and asymmetric communication links, such as xDSL.
Can a Low-Resource-Use Blood Pressure Device Impact on Global Maternal Mortality? (2010)

To describe how existing antenatal care systems provide a useful and relevant model through which to evaluate the potential for this initiative to be applied in low-resource settings and to offer opportunities for much needed further research.
An application-oriented multiprocessing system, I: Introduction (1967)

To meet the challenges posed by today's aircraft and rising volumes of air traffic, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is undertaking a many-faceted developmental program for increasing the capabilities of its traffic control system. Referred to as the National Airspace System (NAS), the program is evolutionary in the sense that the projected goals are to be reached systematically through step-by-step changes. The system deals, on an unusually large scale, with all of the basic functions normally associated with real-time control: information gathering, data communication, data processing, man-machine interaction, and information dissemination. Contributing to the system as a whole are many FAA-defined subsystems; the devices and programs that implement these subsystems are provided by a variety of contractors.
Antibodies to Zic4 in paraneoplastic neurologic disorders and small-cell lung cancer (2004)

Objective: To determine whether serum Zic4 antibodies associate with paraneoplastic neurologic disorders (PND) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), and the association of these antibodies with other onconeuronal immunities associated with SCLC. Design/Methods: The authors studied 498 patients (215 with PND and 283 without PND or without cancer). The presence of antibodies was tested with immunoblots of Zic4, HuD, and CRMP5 proteins. The tumor expression of these proteins was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: Zic4 antibodies were identified in 61 patients. Ninety-two percent of patients with Zic4 antibodies had SCLC; detection of these antibodies segregated with the presence of PND ( p = 0.031). Intrathecal synthesis of Zic4 antibodies was demonstrated in 5/7 patients with PND. None of 175 control patients without PND or cancer had Zic4 antibodies. Because of the robust association between Zic autoimmunity and SCLC, all patients were tested for other SCLC-related antibodies; concurrent Zic4, Hu, or CRMP5 antibodies occurred in the serum or CSF of 27% of SCLC patients with PND. Patients with isolated Zic4 antibodies were more likely to develop predominant cerebellar dysfunction than patients with several immunities ( p Conclusions: In patients with neurologic symptoms of unknown cause detection of Zic4 antibodies predicts a neoplasm, usually a SCLC, and suggests that the neurologic disorder is paraneoplastic. Detection of Zic4 antibodies often associates with anti-Hu or CRMP5 antibodies. Patients with isolated Zic4 antibodies are more likely to develop cerebellar dysfunction than those with concurrent immunities.
Absorbed Dose Ratios for Repeated Therapy of Neuroblastoma with I-131 mIBG (2003)

Patients undergoing targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) may receive a series of two or more treatment administrations at varying intervals. However, the level of activity administered and the frequency of administration can vary widely from centre to centre for the same therapy. Tumour dosimetry is seldom employed to determine the optimum treatment plan mainly due to the potential inaccuracies of image quantification. In this work 3D dose distributions obtained from repeated therapies have been registered to enable the dose ratios to be determined. These ratios are independent of errors in image quantification and, since the same target volume can be transferred from one distribution to the next, independent of inconsistencies in outlining these volumes. These techniques have initially been applied to ten sets of I-131 mIBG therapy scan data from five patients, each undergoing two therapies. It was found that where a similar level of activity was administered for the second therapy, a similar tumour dose was delivered, and in two cases where a higher level of activity was administered for the second treatment, a correspondingly higher absorbed dose was delivered. This justifies an approach of administering activities based on individual patient kinetics rather than administering standard activities to all patients.
Surface Characteristics of Silicon Nanowires/Nanowalls Subjected to Octadecyltrichlorosilane Deposition and n-octadecane Coating (2016)

Abstract In this study, nanowires/nanowalls were generated on a silicon wafer through a chemical etching method. Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) was deposited onto the nanowire/nanowall surfaces to alter their hydrophobicity. The hydrophobic characteristics of the surfaces were further modified via a 1.5-μm-thick layer of n-octadecane coating on the OTS-deposited surface. The hydrophobic characteristics of the resulting surfaces were assessed using the sessile water droplet method. Scratch and ultraviolet (UV)-visible reflectivity tests were conducted to measure the friction coefficient and reflectivity of the surfaces. The nanowires formed were normal to the surface and uniformly extended 10.5 μm to the wafer surface. The OTS coating enhanced the hydrophobic state of the surface, and the water contact angle increased from 27° to 165°. The n-octadecane coating formed on the OTS-deposited nanowires/nanowalls altered the hydrophobic state of the surface. This study provides the first demonstration that the surface wetting characteristics change from hydrophobic to hydrophilic after melting of the n-octadecane coating. In addition, this change is reversible; i.e., the hydrophilic surface becomes hydrophobic after the n-octadecane coating solidifies at the surface, and the process again occurs in the opposite direction after the n-octadecane coating melts.
Biomechanical Analysis of A Mini Force-Closed Cemented Hip Stem for Juvenile Arthritis Patients (2022)

Standard implants are available in a wide variety of models and sizes to meet the needs of the normal population. Such implants, however, cannot be used for patients with abnormal hip joint anatomy. This study assessed the mechanical strength and the range of motion of a mini stem, designed for juvenile arthritis patients with substantially small femoral bones. The geometry of the mini stem, designed based on the cemented force-closed philosophy, was determined such that it could accommodate in the very narrow intramedullary canal of a sample patient. A 3D finite element model of the bone-cement-implant construct was developed to assess the strength of the mini stem against yield and fatigue failure, the strength of the cement mantle against yield, and the subsidence of the stem in cement due to the cement creep. Also, the range of motion of the hip implant was estimated by an impingement analysis in which the interference of the femur-pelvis or stem-acetabular cup was examined while rotating the femoral bone in the anatomical planes. Results indicated factors of safety of 7.33 and 4.76 for the mini stem against yield and fatigue failure, and 4 for the cement against yield. The subsidence of the mini stem in the cement over time was obtained as 1.6 micrometers for a 50-hour loading period. Finally, the designed implant could provide large ranges of motion in different planes with no impingement between the implant components and the bones in daily activities. It was concluded that the designed mini stem could satisfy the biomechanical requirements for successful total hip arthroplasty of juvenile arthritis patients.
Head orientation estimation of a speaker by utilizing kurtosis of a DOA histogram with restoration of distance effect (2010)

In this paper, we propose a head-orientation estimation method from multichannel acoustic signals. Sharpness of a DOA histogram which is extracted by using the sparseness based DOA estimation method varies depending on the head orientation of a speaker. The proposed method utilizes this phenomenon to estimate the head orientation of the speaker. The proposed method uses more than two microphone arrays. In addition to estimation of the speaker location, the proposed method estimates kurtosis of the DOA histogram of each array. Kurtosis is regarded as a measure of sharpness of a DOA histogram in the proposed method. However, kurtosis also depends on the distance between the speaker and the microphone array (distance effect). The distance effect is experimentally revealed by the regression analysis. The head orientation of a speaker is estimated by the restored kurtosis which is free from the distance effect. Experimental results on a reverberant environment show that the proposed method can estimate the head orientation of a speaker more accurately than a conventional head-orientation estimation method.
Non-Destructive Determination of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Cross-Linking in Photovoltaic (PV) Modules by Raman Spectroscopy (2013)

Vibrational spectroscopy was found to be a suitable method for the determination of the degree of cross-linking of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymers. Spectral changes in the Raman spectra of EVA with increasing lamination time (which equals increasing degree of cross-linking) were mainly detected in the CH vibrational regions, namely, in the relative intensities of the characteristic CH3 and CH2 bands. These spectral regions were chosen for a chemometric evaluation where a calibration was performed with the Raman spectra of reference EVA samples and the results obtained from corresponding thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry) and Soxhlet extraction data. These datasets were subsequently used to non-destructively determine the progress of cross-linking in EVA foils, embedded in various mini-modules by Raman microscopy. Thus, we could show that Raman spectroscopy is a highly interesting method for quality control in the production of photovoltaic (PV) modules. However, this approach is valid only for a given grade of EVA, meaning a demand for a new calibration when changing the supplier or the type of EVA used. In addition, the applicability of infrared spectroscopy for the determination of the degree of cross-linking was tested. A good correlation of the decrease in intensity of the characteristic cross-linker infrared bands with increasing progress of the cross-linking was found, as determined by reference methods. However, this analytical method requires taking samples of the EVA foils and is, thus, unsuitable for the non-destructive determination of the degree of cross-linking of the EVA encapsulated within a PV module.
Nanoscale imaging of biological samples with responsivity corrected Atomic Force Microscopy-Infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy (2019)

Atomic Force Microscopy – Infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) is a powerful technique for mapping material composition at sub micrometer length scales. Unlike related technologies such as scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), the detected signal can be equally sensitive to both chemical and mechanical sample properties due to variations in the cantilever’s response (or responsivity) to a sample perturbation local to the tip. Understanding cantilever responsivity has led to new approaches for correcting this effect, which show improved chemical specificity and imaging fidelity for heterogeneous samples. Here, we present implications of correcting the cantilever responsivity effect in AFM-IR images for studying biological samples at nanometer length scales and discuss the future of this emerging technology.
δ‐Atracotoxins from Australian funnel‐web spiders compete with scorpion α‐toxin binding on both rat brain and insect sodium channels (1998)

Atracotoxins are novel peptide toxins from the venom of Australian funnel-web spiders that slow sodium current inactivation in a similar manner to scorpion alpha-toxins. To analyse their interaction with known sodium channel neurotoxin receptor sites we determined their effect on scorpion toxin, batrachotoxin and saxitoxin binding. Nanomolar concentrations of delta-atracotoxin-Hv1 and delta-atracotoxin-Ar1 completely inhibited the binding of the scorpion alpha-toxin AaH II to rat brain synaptosomes as well as the binding of LqhalphaIT, a scorpion alpha-toxin highly active on insects, to cockroach neuronal membranes. Moreover, delta-atracotoxin-Hv1 cooperatively enhanced batrachotoxin binding to rat brain synaptosomes in an analogous fashion to scorpion alpha-toxins. Thus the delta-atracotoxins represent a new class of toxins which bind to both mammalian and insect sodium channels at sites similar to, or partially overlapping with, the receptor binding sites of scorpion alpha-toxins.
Overexpression of proadrenomedullin N‐terminal 20 peptide blunts blood pressure rise and attenuates myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in hypertensive rats (2005)

We developed a transgenic (Tg) rat model that overexpresses human proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) only and then compared the effects of unilateral nephrectomy followed by a high salt diet for five weeks in Tg and wild-type rats. We found that systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in Tg UNX rats and cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis was also attenuated in Tg rats. Evaluation of gene expression showed suppression of cardiac local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in Tg rat. These results suggest that in addition to reducing blood pressure, PAMP suppresses cardiac hypertrophy through negative regulation of the local cardiac RAS.