gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust gradual scene change detection (2003)

Content-based temporal sampling of video is an efficient method for representing the visual information contained in the video sequence by using only a small subset of the video frames, which can be detected by a scene change detection method. Scene changes include not only the abrupt transitions, but also gradual transitions such as fade, dissolve. Robust detection of gradual transitions has been considered to be difficult. A high-performance gradual scene change detection method is presented in this paper. The proposed method is based on the video edit model. It can be derived that, for dissolve transition without violent motions, the variance, gradient magnitude and double chromatic difference (DCD) of image sequence during dissolve will show parabolic shapes. These features can be used for robust detection of dissolve transition. We approve that in term of recall rate the variance and gradient magnitude have the same efficiency. So, we simply use variance sequence to select possible positions of dissolve transitions and then DCD is used for further confirmation.
Organometallic Dendrimers Based on (Tetraphenylcyclobutadiene)cyclopentadienylcobalt Modules (2002)

The synthesis and characterization of novel organometallic polyphenylene dendrimers containing 24 or 44 phenyl rings and one cyclobutadiene(cyclopentadienyl)cobalt unit is reported. The dendrimers are made by the convergent CpCo(CO)(2)-mediated dimerization of di- or tetraethynyltolanes followed by a divergent core extension utilizing tetraphenylcyclopentadienone. The obtained dendrimers are air and water stable, soluble materials that show interesting differences in their hydrodynamic properties as evidenced by gel permeation chromatography. Scanning pulse voltammetry in solution shows that the dendrimers are oxidized at potentials ranging from 0.8 to 0.83 V. The more sterically encumbered the dendrimer, the higher its oxidation potential, that is, the more difficult oxidation is.
Alkoxyl Radicals as O-Synthons in Self-Terminating Radical Oxygenations: An Experimental and Theoretical Study (2005)

Alkoxyl radicals 9 (XO.), generated by photolysis of thiocarbamates 8, were found to initiate and undergo self-terminating radical oxygenations, in which alkynes are transformed into ketones. With this result, we have shown that every major class of organic O-centered radicals can act as O-atom synthon in this sequence, demonstrating the generality of this novel concept in radical chemistry. Theoretical investigations of the terminating homolytic scission of the O-X bond reveal that resonance stabilization in the cleaved radical X. (e.g. benzyl, allyl) both lowers the activation barrier, ΔE‡, and increases the exothermicity, whereas radical stabilization by inductive effects (as in ferf-butyl) only reduces ΔE‡, compared to non-stabilized radicals. The experimental results indicate that the final homolytic bond scission is not the only crucial step in this mechanism, but that generation of XO. as well as the initial radical addition to the alkyne triple bond must be of similar importance. © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
Identification of a chemotactic domain of the pro-inflammatory S100 protein CP-10 (1993)

We previously reported the purification and partial amino acid sequence of a novel murine cytokine designated CP-10, which has chemotactic activity for murine polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and macrophages. The complete cDNA encoding an 88-amino acid polypeptide has been isolated and the sequence is presented here. Transient transfection of CP-10 cDNA into CV-1 cells confirmed the chemotactic activity of rCP-10 for murine PMN. CP-10 has sequence homology with members of the S100 family of Ca(2+)-binding proteins with pronounced amino acid sequence similarities within the putative N- and C-terminal Ca(2+)-binding sites, but differences within their connecting hinge and C-terminal regions. We have confirmed the hypothesis of Kligman and Hilt that functional specificity of individual members of the S100 protein family may reside in the hinge region. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the hinge region of CP-10 (CP-10(42-55) was compared with native CP-10 in chemotaxis and skin test assays. Native CP-10 had potent activity for phagocytic cells, but not lymphocytes, in vitro (optimal activity, 10(-11) to 10(-13) M) and elicited a sustained recruitment of neutrophils and mononuclear cells over 24 h in vivo. The hinge-region peptide had strong chemotactic activity for murine phagocytic cells (optimal activity, 10(-10) - 10(-11) M) but elicited only a transient infiltration of neutrophils over 4 to 8 h after intradermal injection. Results indicate that although the hinge region contributes significantly to the functional specificity of the S100 protein CP-10, sustained cellular recruitment typical of a delayed type hypersensitivity response is apparently dependent on the structural integrity of the protein.
Choice of the Optimum Composition of the Solution Fuel for a Homogeneous Reactor and of Termoxid Sorbent for Recovering 99Mo (2018)

T-52 sorbent was chosen for recovering 99Mo from low-enriched uranium fuel of a homogeneous solution reactor, because this sorbent exhibits the maximal 99Mo distribution coefficient in sorption from solutions containing 150–360 g L–1 uranium. The use of sulfate and nitrate solutions for producing and recovering 99Mo from the fuel of a homogeneous solution reactor was compared. The optimum composition of the solution fuel of a commercial reactor for 99Mo production was suggested: nitric acid uranium solution (20% 235U, 100–200 g L–1, 1 M HNO3).
A Methodology for Emulsion Design Based on Emulsion Science and Expert Knowledge. Part 1: Conceptual Approach (2021)

Formulated emulsions have a high commercial value due to their multiple applications in several product sectors such as cosmetics, nutrition, medicine, and household products, among others. Their design is not a simple task because emulsions are complex systems in which components, structures, phenomena, and processes are highly interrelated. Thus, any decision must be made with its multiple effects on the final product’s properties in mind. Emulsion design is even more challenging at early design stages when information is scarce and critical design decisions are made. In view of the above, this study proposes a decision-making methodology for emulsion formulation applicable to early product design/screening/exploratory stages. It enables product designers to understand the product as a whole system and select a set of complementary solution strategies applicable to their specific emulsion formulation problem. The methodology presented in detail in this article comprises three steps and uses two databases, which were proposed based on emulsion science principles and connected thanks to a database of expert knowledge. In the first step, product specifications are classified according to a list of 21 general subproblems in emulsion formulation, which are related to physicochemical phenomena or properties that are to be promoted or limited in the product. In the second step, subproblems are connected to a list of 30 general solution strategies, which are solution paths related to the emulsion’s nature or structure but not initially directly related to a specific compound or process technology. In the third step, solution strategies are connected to compound types and processing conditions using a second database with the aim of creating potential design concepts.
Object associations (1995)

This paper describes a software framework to aid in designing and implementing convenient manipulation behaviors for objects in a 3D virtual environment. A combination of almost realistic-looking pseudo-physical behavior and idealized goal-oriented properties, called object associations, is used to disambiguate the mapping of the 2D cursor motion on the display screen into an appropriate object motion in the 3D virtual world and to determine a valid and desirable final location for the objects to be placed. Objects selected for relocation actively look for nearby objects to associate and align themselves with; an automated implicit grouping mechanism also falls out from this process. Concept, structure, and our implementation of such an object association framework in the context of the Berkeley Soda Hall WALKTHRU environment are presented.
Expression of EBER1 in primary and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues using in situ hybridization: A correlation with WHO histologic subtypes (1996)

BACKGROUND The association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is well documented. Previous studies reported abundant expression of EBER1 in primary NPC and tumors metastatic to lymph nodes. However, a large series of case studies correlating World Health Organization (WHO) histologic subtypes with EBER1 is needed. METHODS The authors applied the EBER1 in situ hybridization to investigate the expression of EBER1 in 140 primary NPCs, 11 metastatic tumors to lymph nodes, 6 metastatic tumors to bone marrow, and 2 metastatic tumors to the liver. All 19 metastatic tumors had paired specimens from their primary NPCs for comparison. The in situ hybridization method was performed on paraffin embedded tissues by using polymerase chain reaction-derived, digoxigenin-labelled EBER1 DNA probes. RESULTS The EBER1 signal was identified in nuclei of malignant epithelial cells in 135 of 140 (96.4%) primary NPCs, including 4 of 5 (80%) WHO-I histologic subtypes, 71 of 73 (97.3%) WHO-II histologic subtypes, and 60 of 62 (96.8%) WHO-III histologic subtypes (P > 0.05). However, the positive hybridization signal in WHO-I NPC was less in proportion to malignant cells, usually limited to basal cells, than in other histologic types of NPC. In 10 of 11 specimens with metastases to the lymph nodes, hybridization was always limited to the malignant cells and not associated with lymphocytes. All 10 paired primary NPCs also demonstrated positive EBER1 hybridization. Only one paired specimen showed negative EBER1 in primary NPC and a metastases to a lymph node. Eight distant metastases, all EBER1-positive in their primary NPC, also demonstrated positive EBER1 hybridization signals in the malignant cells. The proportion of EBER1 positivity in metastatic NPC is higher than that in primary lesions as observed in paired specimens from the same patient. CONCLUSIONS Because of abundant expression of EBER1 in primary NPC as well as in metastatic malignant cells, it is recommended that EBER1 in situ hybridization be performed on routinely processed specimens whenever NPC is suspected. Cancer 1996;77:231-6.
Automatic Natural Language Style Classification and Transformation (2008)

Style is an integral part of natural language in written, spoken or machine generated forms. Humans have been dealing with style in language since the beginnings of language itself, but computers and machine processes have only recently begun to process natural language styles. Automatic processing of styles poses two interrelated challenges: classification and transformation. There have been recent advances in corpus classification, automatic clustering and authorship attribution along many dimensions but little work directly related to writing styles directly and even less in transformation. In this paper we examine relevant literature to define and operationalize a notion of “style” which we employ to designate style markers usable in classification machines. A measurable reading of these markers also helps guide style transformation algorithms. We demonstrate the concept by showing a detectable stylistic shift in a sample piece of text relative to a target corpus. We present ongoing work in building a comprehensive style recognition and transformation system and discuss our results.
Squaraine Dyes with Pyrylium and Thiopyrylium Components for Harvest of Near Infrared Light in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2014)

Unsymmetrical squaraine dyes bearing pyrylium or thiopyrylium components were synthesized, and their light-absorbing properties and performance as sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells were investigated. Condensations of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyrylium and thiopyrylium salt with butyl squarate afforded corresponding semisquaryliums. The semisquaryliums were reacted with indolenium with carboxyl group to give target unsymmetrical dyes. They exhibited intense absorption in the far-red and near-infrared region in solution and on the TiO2 surface. Electrochemical measurements revealed that their oxidation potentials were moderately high although electron injection from the excited dyes to the TiO2 conduction band was thermodynamically permitted. Thus, pyrylium and thipyrylium components push absorbance into longer wavelength region as well as bring the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of these dyes in the upward level. A molecular-orbital calculation indicated that the electron distribution moved from the cyclobutene core to indolenine components bearing carboxy anchors upon photoexcitation. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on these dyes exhibited moderate spectral response in the near-infrared region reflecting their absorption spectral features. However, their photovoltaic performance was far from state-of-the-art visible metal-free sensitizers owing to low open-circuit voltages and current density. These suppressed values might have originated from the high HOMO levels of these dyes, thus, pyrylium and thipyrylium components strongly affect not only the physical properties of the dyes but also the photovoltaic performances of DSSCs based on these dyes.
Thermolyse von Oxazolin‐5‐onen, X. 3‐Imidazoline und Δ3‐Tetrahydropyrimidine durch Thermolyse von 3‐Oxazolin‐5‐onen aus N‐Acyldipeptiden (1980)

Abstract Die Thermolyse von 2‐(Acylaminomethyl)‐3‐oxazolin‐5‐onen ( 3a – g ) führt unter Eliminierung von CO 2 zu Nitril‐yliden, welche nach innermolekularer Protonenübertragung zu 3‐Imidazolinen 4a – g cyclisieren. Analog liefert das 2‐(Acylaminoethyl)‐Derivat 3h ein Δ 3 ‐Tetrahydropyrimidin 5h . Die Oxazolinone 3 sind aus N ‐Acyldipeptiden 1 leicht zugänglich. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der 1 H‐NMR‐Spektren von 4 wird diskutiert.
Sacroiliac Joint Degeneration After Lumbopelvic Fixation (2020)

Lumbosacral fusion can cause SIJ degeneration, which is more frequent when SBS are used in fixation to the sacrum.
Bounds on Multiple Sensor Fusion (2016)

We consider the problem of fusing measurements in a sensor network, where the sensing regions overlap and data are nonnegative real numbers, possibly resulting from a count of indistinguishable discrete entities. Because of overlaps, it is generally impossible to fuse this information to arrive at an accurate value of the overall amount or count of material present in the union of the sensing regions. Here we study the computation of the range of overall values consistent with the data and provide several results. Posed as a linear programming problem, this leads to questions associated with the geometry of the sensor regions, specifically the arrangement of their nonempty intersections. We define a computational tool called the fusion polytope , based on the geometry of the sensing regions. Its properties are explored, and in particular, a topological necessary and sufficient condition for this to be in the positive orthant, a property that considerably simplifies calculations, is provided. We show that in two dimensions, inflated tiling schemes based on rectangular regions fail to satisfy this condition, whereas inflated tiling schemes based on hexagons do.
Cognitive Representations and Cognitive Processing of Team-Specific Tactics in Soccer (2015)

Two core elements for the coordination of different actions in sport are tactical information and knowledge about tactical situations. The current study describes two experiments to learn about the memory structure and the cognitive processing of tactical information. Experiment 1 investigated the storage and structuring of team-specific tactics in humans' long-term memory with regard to different expertise levels. Experiment 2 investigated tactical decision-making skills and the corresponding gaze behavior, in presenting participants the identical match situations in a reaction time task. The results showed that more experienced soccer players, in contrast to less experienced soccer players, possess a functionally organized cognitive representation of team-specific tactics in soccer. Moreover, the more experienced soccer players reacted faster in tactical decisions, because they needed less fixations of similar duration as compared to less experienced soccer players. Combined, these experiments offer evidence that a functionally organized memory structure leads to a reaction time and a perceptual advantage in tactical decision-making in soccer. The discussion emphasizes theoretical and applied implications of the current results of the study.
Performance Evaluation of Water Soluble Temporary Plugging Agent for Fracturing (2014)

Taking starch,acrylic acid and acrylamide as raw material,ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite as initiator,DJ-1with unsaturated double bond organic compound as crosslinking agent,a water-soluble fracturing temporary blocking agent was synthesized and its properties were characterized. The results showed that with increasing temperature and prolonging dissolved time,the solubility of temporary blocking agent in formation water increased. When the solid-liquid(formation water)ratio was 1:300,the water soluble rate of temporary blocking agent in 16 hrs was 96%—98% at 20—80℃,which indicated good water solubility.After complete dissolution,the viscosity of 5—20 g/L solution was 12.6—53.7 mPa·s,which had good flow back. The tensile strength of 20 g/L solution of temporary blocking agent was 9.1 N,which had good adhesion ability. The results of core experiment showed that the blocking strength of temporary blocking agent decreased with increasing core permeability. The maximum pressure gradient of temporary blocking agent was 47.1 MPa/m,which had the ability of sealing original cracks,making the maximum principal stress deviating,and then generating new cracks. The plugging rate of temporary blocking agent on the core was greater than90%,and the recovery rate of core permeability after formation water flushing was up to 97.6%. The selectively plugging rate of temporary blocking agent on high permeability layers was greater than 83.2% and that increased with increasing core permeability contrast.
Comparison of Second-Order Loads on a Semisubmersible Floating Wind Turbine: Preprint (2014)

As offshore wind projects move to deeper waters, floating platforms become the most feasible solution for supporting the turbines. The oil and gas industry has gained experience with floating platforms that can be applied to offshore wind projects. This paper focuses on the analysis of second-order wave loading on semisubmersible platforms. Semisubmersibles, which are being chosen for different floating offshore wind concepts, are particularly prone to slow-drift motions. The slack catenary moorings usually result in large natural periods for surge and sway motions (more than 100 s), which are in the range of the second-order difference-frequency excitation force. Modeling these complex structures requires coupled design codes. Codes have been developed that include turbine aerodynamics, hydrodynamic forces on the platform, restoring forces from the mooring lines, flexibility of the turbine, and the influence of the turbine control system. In this paper two different codes are employed: FAST, which was developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and aNySIM, which was developed by the Maritime Research Institute Netherlands. The hydrodynamic loads are based on potential-flow theory, up to the second order. Hydrodynamic coefficients for wave excitation, radiation, and hydrostatic forces are obtained with two different panel codes, WAMIT (developed by the Massachusettsmore » Institute of Technology) and DIFFRAC (developed by MARIN). The semisubmersible platform, developed for the International Energy Agency Wind Task 30 Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration Continuation project is used as a reference platform. Irregular waves are used to compare the behavior of this platform under slow-drift excitation loads. The results from this paper highlight the effects of these loads on semisubmersible-type platforms, which represent a promising solution for the commercial development of the offshore deepwater wind resource.« less
Protective effects of Bacillus probiotics against high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice (2018)

Recently, modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics treatment has been emerged as a promising strategy for treatment of metabolic disorders. Apart from lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus species (Bacillus spp.) have also been paid attention as potential probiotics, but nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms for their protective effect against metabolic dysfunction remain to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that a probiotic mixture composed of 5 different Bacillus spp. protects mice from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Probiotic Bacillus treatment substantially attenuated body weight gain and enhanced glucose tolerance by sensitizing insulin action in skeletal muscle and epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) of HFD-fed mice. Bacillus-treated HFD-fed mice also exhibited significantly suppressed chronic inflammation in the liver, EAT and skeletal muscle, which was observed to be associated with reduced HFD-induced intestinal permeability and enhanced adiponectin production. Additionally, Bacillus treatment significantly reversed HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. In Bacillus-treated mice, hepatic expression of lipid oxidative genes was significantly increased, and lipid accumulation in subcutaneous and mesenteric adipose tissues were significantly decreased, commensurate with down-regulated expression of genes involved in lipid uptake and lipogenesis. Although, in Bacillus-treated mice, significant alterations in gut microbiota composition was not observed, the enhanced expression of tight junction-associated proteins showed a possibility of improving gut barrier function by Bacillus treatment. Our findings provide possible explanations how Bacillus probiotics protect diet-induced obese mice against metabolic disorders, identifying the treatment of probiotic Bacillus as a potential therapeutic approach.
Sleep spindles in the healthy brain from birth through 18 years (2023)

These data provide age- and region-specific normative values for sleep spindles across development, where measures that deviate from these values can be considered pathological. As spindles provide a noninvasive biomarker for cognitive function across the lifespan, these normative measures can accelerate the discovery and diagnosis in neurodevelopmental disorders.