gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polycrystalline Cast Superalloys (1990)

Abstract The initial cast superalloy developments in the United States centered on cobalt-base materials. Nickel-base and nickel-iron-base superalloys owe their high-temperature strength potential to their gamma prime content. For polycrystalline superalloy components, high-temperature strength is affected by the condition of the grain boundaries and, in particular, the grain-boundary carbide morphology and distribution. Vacuum induction melting offers more control over alloy composition and homogeneity than all other vacuum melting processes. The primary purification reaction occurring in the process is the removal of melt contained oxygen by means of a reaction with carbon to form carbon monoxide. A number of casting processes can provide near-net shape superalloy cast parts, but essentially all components are produced by investment casting. The solidification of investment cast superalloy components is precisely controlled so that the microstructure, which ultimately determines mechanical properties, remains consistent. Heat treating cast superalloys involves homogenization and solution heat treatments or aging heat treatments.
Genetic and biochemical evidence for the involvement of alpha-1,4 glucanotransferases in amylopectin synthesis (1999)

We describe a novel mutation in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii STA11 gene, which results in significantly reduced granular starch deposition and major modifications in amylopectin structure and granule shape. This defect simultaneously leads to the accumulation of linear malto-oligosaccharides. The sta11-1 mutation causes the absence of an alpha-1,4 glucanotransferase known as disproportionating enzyme (D-enzyme). D-enzyme activity was found to be correlated with the amount of wild-type allele doses in gene dosage experiments. All other enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis, including ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, debranching enzymes, soluble and granule-bound starch synthases, branching enzymes, phosphorylases, alpha-glucosidases (maltases), and amylases, were unaffected by the mutation. These data indicate that the D-enzyme is required for normal starch granule biogenesis in the monocellular alga C. reinhardtii.
Analysis of Longitudinal Data (2001)

1. Introduction 2. Design considerations 3. Exploring longitudinal data 4. General linear models 5. Parametric models for covariance structure 6. Analysis of variance methods 7. Generalized linear models for longitudinal data 8. Marginal models 9. Random effects models 10. Transition models 11. Likelihood-based methods for categorical data 12. Time-dependent covariates 13. Missing values in longitudinal data 14. Additional topics Appendix Bibliography Index
Naturstoffe aus Arzneipflanzen, XXI. 13C‐NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Flavanoiden (1977)

Abstract 13 C‐NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen an den Tetramethylflavanoiden der Cyanidan‐und Robidan‐Reihe zeigen, daß beim Wechsel der Oxidationsstufe des Kerns C im Flavanoid‐Gerüst charakteristische, von Substitutionsmuster unabhängige Verschiebungsänderungen für die C‐Atome der Kerne A und B auftreten. Die bei Acetylierung der OH‐Gruppe am sekundären C‐3 auftretenden, typischen Verschiebungsänderungen werden angegeben.
CAD and Optimization of Compact Wide-band Septum Polarizers (1999)

We describe a computer-aided optimization technique for the efficient and reliable design of compact wide-band waveguide septum polarizers (WSP). Wide-band performance is obtained by a global optimization which considers not only the septum section but also several step discontinuities placed before the ridge-to-rectangular bifurcation and the square-to-circular discontinuity. The proposed technique mnakes use of a dynamical optimization procedure which has been tested by designing several WSP operating in different frequency bands. In this work two examples are reported, one operating at Ku band and a very wideband prototype (3.4-4.2 GHz) operating in the C band. The component design, entirely carried out at computer level, has demonstrated significant advantages in terms of development times and no need of post manufacturing adjustments. The very satisfactory agreement between experimental and theoretical results further confirm the validity of the proposed technique.
INTRAUTERINE THERAPY OF INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION (2016)

Background Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is one of the most prevalent causes of fetal mortality and fetal morbidity, affecting up to 10% of all births and it is associated with increased risk of neurological, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases later in life. Even though numerous studies intended to find a therapy for IUGR, no standard therapy for IUGR has been established so far. Objective To examine the effect of an intrauterine nutritional therapy in the IUGR rabbit model in terms of survival and birth weight. Methods IUGR was surgically induced in pregnant rabbits (n=16) at gestational age 25 by ligating 40–50%of uteroplacental vessels of each gestational sac in both uterine horns. At the same moment, fetal injections of Total Parenteral Nutrition solution (TPN) was administered into the amniotic sac of IUGR fetuses (n=90) in one horn, whereas sham injection was performed in the contralateral horn (n=86). Five days after, a cesarean section was performed obtaining treated and non‐treated IUGR animals. Results Survival rate of treated IUGR animals were significantly higher than the non‐treated IUGR animals (61.5% and 41.9% respectively, p=0.013). Birth weight were similar between groups (38.4 g ± 9.3 SD vs. 36.2 g ± 8.5 SD, p=0.49, treated vs. non‐treated IUGR respectively,). Conclusion Our data suggests that TPN solution directly administrated to the IUGR animals at the time of IUGR induction could increases the survival rate, with no difference in birth weight. Further studies are needed in order to confirm the results and try to fully evaluate the potential benefits of such strategy in promoting fetal survival. Support or Funding Information This study was partly supported by grants from Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (ref. SAF2012‐37196); the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ref. (PI12/00851) integrado en el Plan Nacional de I+D+I y cofinanciado por el ISCIII‐Subdirección General de Evaluación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) “Otra manera de hacer Europa”; Obra Social “la Caixa” (Barcelona, Spain); and AGAUR 2014 SGR grant n&amp;[ordm] 928 (Barcelona, Spain). HGG has also been funded with support of the Erasmus + Programme of the European Union (Framework Agreement number: 2013‐0040). This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Wireless Power Transfer with Temperature Monitoring Interface for Helicopter Rotor Blade Ice Protection (2020)

Traditional ice protection systems for helicopters convey electrical power from generators to blade heaters through flimsy carbon contacts embedded in “slipring” devices. However, the harsh vibratory environment combined with the high speed/current typically results in sparkling, powder and a very short life of sliprings themselves. In order to eliminate friction, the use of a rotary transformer assisted by power electronics is considered. For this purpose, a suitable transformer topology is investigated from first principles and paired with a resonant inverter. Preliminary finite element method analysis followed by experimental validation on a reduced scale transformer prototype show that a suitable full scale unit could transfer the necessary power to protect a medium class helicopter tail rotor, with a weight/size comparable to that of a legacy slipring but at a fraction of its maintenance and downtime cost. Beyond shrinking the size and the weight of the transformer, the use of power electronics brings some other interesting advantages, including the possibility to correct the load power factor and to interface with resistance temperature detectors, to avoid blade overheating.
Monoclonal antibodies against Galα 1 −4Galß 1 −4Glc(Pk, CD77) produced with a synthetic glycoconjugate as immunogen: Reactivity with carbohydrates, with fresh frozen human tissues and hematopoietic tumors (1991)

The purpose of this study was to isolate mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognizing Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc (Pk, CD77), which has been described as a Burkitt's-lymphoma-associated antigen. Three IgGI MAbs reactive with Pk were developed using a synthetic glycoconjugate as immunogen and a filter immunoplaque screening assay. One MAb (PK67) was characterized by immuno-thin-layer chromatography, ELISA and competition assays using neutral glycolipids from various sources and a variety of carbohydrates and glycoproteins. Epitope analysis showed that all 3 carbohydrates moieties are required in PK67 binding. No cross-reactivity was observed with closely related carbohydrate structures, with the exception of Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc. However, the reactivity with this structure was several orders of magnitude lower than with Pk. Immunohistochemical analysis of fresh-frozen tissue specimens showed that Gb3 is widely expressed: prominent staining was observed in many normal tissues, e.g., kidney and gastric tissue and on capillary endothelial cells. In lymph nodes, very weak staining of a few B cells was observed. Flow cytometric analysis of hematopoietic neoplasms showed Gb3 expression on B-cell neoplasms, particularly those with committed B-cell phenotype indicating that, in addition to earlier reports of Gb3 expression on Burkitt's lymphoma, Gb3 is present on other committed B-cell neoplasms.
Neue Erkenntnisse und Möglichkeiten im Kunststoff‐, Chemie‐, Apparate‐ und Rohrleitungsbau (1981)

Abstract Nach grundlegenden Betrachtungen zum Diffusions‐ und Quellverhalten von polymeren Werkstoffen wird das auch bei Kunststoffen auftretende Phänomen der „Spannungsrißkorrosion”︁ bei Einwirkung aggressiver Medien beschrieben, das auf diffusionsbedingte Eigenspannungen rückgeführt werden kann. Faserverstärkte Kunststoffkonstruktionen sind wegen der weitgehend manuellen Fertigung in ihrer Zuverlässigkeit schwer einzustufen. Neue Techniken für die maschinelle Fertigung wichtiger Halbzeuge wie Rohre, T‐Stücke und Krümmer wurden entwickelt. Das Schema einer rechnergesteuerten Wickelanlage zum Wickeln von Rohrformstücken wird vorgestellt. Abschließend wird auf die Entwicklung einer Fertigung von GFK‐Bauteilen mit Hilfe von Robotern hingewiesen, durch die das Handlaminieren entfallen kann.
Data sampling approaches for GMM supervector based speaker verification (2011)

GMM supervectors are among the most popular feature sets used in SVM-based text-independent speaker verification. Most of the studies represent speaker characteristics obtained from a long recording with a single supervector in the SVM space. Working on the NIST SRE'10 dataset, this study compares the effect of two sampling methods to increase the number of supervectors, on the verification performance. Dominance of positive and negative classes on model construction is investigated.
In Situ Monitoring of Antisolvent Addition Crystallization with Principal Components Analysis of Raman Spectra (2004)

Fiber optic Raman spectroscopy was used for in situ monitoring of antisolvent addition crystallization of progesterone. Raman spectral features of the solute and the antisolvent were subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) to attempt to obtain information that is not readily apparent from the raw spectral data. For the system utilized, PCA was able to distinguish spectral features from the solute in solution, the solute crystals, and the antisolvent. Furthermore, PCA was capable of detecting subtle changes in the spectral data (as the addition of antisolvent progressed) that could be used as a warning for the onset of crystallization. The current study demonstrates the advantages that can be gained by combining PCA with Raman spectroscopy for monitoring crystallizations in situ.
Functionalization of Polymers using N2 Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Dicharge (2007)

Summary form only given. Surface treatment of polymers using plasma has teen widely implemented to enhance the adhesion and wettability of the material through the inclusion of polar functional groups. In the case of high-strength organic fibers for composite applications, it is imperative to apply such a technique to overcome interfacial discontinuities that exist between two thermodynamically different materials. Through the use of atmospheric pulsed-dielectric barrier discharges (DBD), ultra -high -molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) films were treated with nitrogen gas to the effect where nitrogen-and oxygen-containing functional groups were deposited on the surface. To avoid the effects of oxidative degradation during and after plasma treatments, various treatment times and gas flow-rates were used to achieve higher uptake of N-containing species over that of O-containing species. Using surface analysis techniques such as attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and water contact angle measurements, variation in surface energy and chemical composition has been studied. To understand the mechanism of interaction between the plasma and the surface of the polymer, optical emission spectroscopy has been applied to identify and characterize key chemical species present in the DBD plasma.
Knee arthritis severity measurement using deep learning: a publicly available algorithm with a multi-institutional validation showing radiologist-level performance (2022)

The assessment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) severity on knee X-rays is a central criteria for the use of total knee arthroplasty. However, this assessment suffers from imprecise standards and a remarkably high inter-reader variability. An algorithmic, automated assessment of KOA severity could improve overall outcomes of knee replacement procedures by increasing the appropriateness of its use. We propose a novel deep learning-based five-step algorithm to automatically grade KOA from posterior-anterior (PA) views of radiographs: (1) image preprocessing (2) localization of knees joints in the image using the YOLO v3-Tiny model, (3) initial assessment of the severity of osteoarthritis using a convolutional neural network-based classifier, (4) segmentation of the joints and calculation of the joint space narrowing (JSN), and (5), a combination of the JSN and the initial assessment to determine a final Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) score. Furthermore, by displaying the segmentation masks used to make the assessment, our algorithm demonstrates a higher degree of transparency compared to typical "black box" deep learning classifiers. We perform a comprehensive evaluation using two public datasets and one dataset from our institution, and show that our algorithm reaches state-of-the art performance. Moreover, we also collected ratings from multiple radiologists at our institution and showed that our algorithm performs at the radiologist level. The software has been made publicly available at https://github.com/MaciejMazurowski/osteoarthritis-classification.
Glutamate transporter inhibitors influence osteoblast gene expression and activity [Abstract] (2009)

Introduction Mechanical loading plays a key role in the
physiology of bone, allowing functional adaption to its
environment. A screen for genes associated with mechanical
load-induced osteogenic signalling identified the glutamate
transporter GLAST-1, implicating the excitatory amino acid
glutamate in the mechanoresponse. Five high affinity Na+-
dependant excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs)
terminate glutamatergic signalling. EAAT1 (GLAST-1) is
expressed by osteocytes and bone-forming osteoblasts in vivo.
Materials and Methods We inhibited glutamate transport in
osteosarcoma cell lines and primary osteoblasts using small
molecule inhibitors of EAATs 1-5 [L-trans-Pyrrolidine-2,4-
dicarboxylic acid (t-PDC) and DL-threo-b-benzyloxyaspartic
acid (TBOA)]. These inhibitors (0-1 mM) were toxic at high
concentrations and had no effect on proliferation over 5 days,
but did influence gene expression determined by quantitative
RT-PCR and alkaline phosphatase activity.
Results RT-PCR revealed mRNA expression of EAATs 1-3 and
both splice variants of EAAT1 (EAAT1a and EAAT1exon9s kip) in MG-63 and SaOS-2 osteoblasts. To our knowledge, this
is the first reported observation of expression of the EAAT1ex9skip
variant in bone cells. In MG-63 osteoblasts, osteocalcin
and osteonectin expression were significantly
upregulated upon EAAT inhibition by t-PDC in the presence
of glutamate and also by TBOA alone over 24 h; whereas no
changes in expression were detected upon treatment with
glutamate alone. In primary osteoblasts, long-term exposure to
high levels of glutamate increased osteocalcin expression and
down-regulated EAAT1. TBOA significantly upregulated alkaline
phosphatase activity in SaOS-2 and primary osteoblasts.
Discussion This data confirms previously published data that
mechanically regulated glutamate transporters may be important
in regulating bone homeostasis.
ESTROGEN THERAPY IN INHIBITION OF GROWTH (1967)

Each monthly issue of Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey presents summaries of the most timely and clinically relevant research being published worldwide. These concise, easy-to-read summaries provide expert insight into how to apply the latest research to patient care. The accompanying editorial commentary puts the studies into perspective and supplies authoritative guidance. The result is a valuable, time-saving resource for busy clinicians.
Arthroscopic Drilling for the Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus* (1999)

Arthroscopic drilling for the treatment of medial osteochondral lesions of the talus does not require osteotomy of the medial malleolus or postoperative immobilization; thus, the procedure is less invasive than other types of operative treatment for the condition and it allows early resumption of daily activities and sports. On the basis of the results in this study, we believe that the procedure is effective and useful in young patients, especially those who have not yet had closure of the epiphyseal plate. A specific indication for the procedure is an early lesion with only mild osteosclerosis of the surrounding talar bone, continuity of the cartilaginous surface, and stability of the osteochondral fragment.
Effect of β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate on the Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation and Vo2peak in Endurance-Trained Cyclists (2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2peak) and the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) in endurance-trained cyclists. Eight cyclists randomly (double blind) completed 3 2-week supplementation periods (HMB, 3gday−1; leucine [LEU], 3gday−1; placebo [CON], 3gday−1) followed by a 2-week washout period. Testing consisted of a graded cycle ergometry test to measure Vo2peak and OBLA, the Vo2 at 2 mM blood lactate. Vo2peak was unaffected by HMB (4.0 ± 1.4%), LEU (-1.9 ± 1.3%), and CON (-2.6 ± 2.6%). HMB resulted in a greater time to reach Vo2peak, whereas LEU and CON did not affect this time (HMB, 3.6 ± 1.5 min, LEU,-1.2 ± 1.5 min; CON,-3.6 ± 3.5 min). Lactate accumulation peak was unaffected by supplementation (HMB, 8.1 ± 1.1 mM; LEU, 6.2 ± 0.8 mM; CON, 7.5 ± 1.3 mM). OBLA increased with HMB (9.1 ± 2.4%) and LEU (2.1 ± 1.5%), but not in the CON trial (0.75 ± 2.1%). Blood glucose was significantly greater during the HMB trial compared with the LEU trial. It is concluded that HMB supplementation may have positive affects on performance by increasing the onset of blood lactate accumulation; however, he mechanism is unknown.
Respirable particles in the excimer laser plume (2001)

The plume created during excimer laser ablation of the cornea contained respirable-size particles. It is not known whether inhalation of these particles poses a significant health hazard. However, we recommend that a mask be worn by the surgeon and technical personnel assisting in excimer laser surgery. The plume should also be evacuated.
Effects of electro-conductive biopolymer on axon regeneration across a peripheral nerve interface (2010)

Baghmanli, Ziya MD; Urbanchek, Melanie PhD; Shim, Bong S. PhD; Wei, Benjamin MD; Martin, David C. PhD; Kuzon, William M. Jr MD, PhD, FACS; Cederna, Paul S. MD, FACS Author Information
Photonic band gap design based on inverse scattering techniques (1995)

The inverse problem is particularly important for device and application development. For non-periodic media, approximations can be made which allow estimates of the scattering permittivity distribution to be found. Our own work over the last 15 years [1,2,3] has moved from trying to interpret the most restrictive yet computationally simple of these approximations, the linearizing first Born and Rytov approximations, to the development of techniques which can be applied to both strongly scattering media as well as nonlinear (e.g. χ 3 ) structures. We have also applied these methods to real experimental data as well as simulated cases, as such work has wide ranging uses in fields as diverse as medical and geophyiscal imaging, as well as the design of optical components. Emerging from these studies is a clearer understanding as to how the differential cepstral method (see paper by Morris et al in this volume and [4]) and distorted wave methods can be integrated in order to synthesize structures which are both strongly scattering and which have prescribed optically controllable scattering patterns. The differential cepstral filtering technique processes the function recovered by Fourier inversion of far-field scattering data, recognizing that it represents the product of the permittivity distribution and the total field within the scattering volume. This filtering method can be applied to scattering structures of arbitrarily high permittivity, in principle.
Study on the Application Strategies and Process Design of BTO:A Bus Manufacturing Case in China (2007)

This paper explores the application strategies and processes that BTO must have based on case investigation. The research results include: (1) the ultimate directions for BTO to implement and upgrade is to expand the customization degree and scope, and reduce the order-to-delivery time continually on the base of building standard products to order; (2) setting up order analysis process and adaptability development process as well as enlarging their functions are important supportive instruments for BTO to succeed; (3) customer participation will benefit the operation of BTO and satisfy the customers; (4) in current market environment, the sales strategy of BTO needs to combine the direct sales mode and distribution; (5) IT system is the basic platform for BTO to work. The survey results and conclusions are helpful to the decisions on operations paradigm transformation and order fulfillment strategy selecting for enterprises.
Trimethylsilyl Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide as an Effective Catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reaction (1997)

Trimethylsilyl bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide is shown to be an effective catalyst not only for the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of an aromatic compound but also for allylation or bis-allylation of carbonyl derivatives.