gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bubble Columns (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Bubble Columns and Modifications 2.1. Design and Applications 2.2. Gas Distribution 2.3. Flow Regimes 2.4. Fluid Dynamics 2.5. Bubble Size 2.6. Bubble Rise Velocity 2.7. Dispersion of the Liquid Phase 2.8. Dispersion of the Gas Phase 2.9. Gas Holdup 2.10. Specific Interfacial Area 2.11. Volumetric Mass-Transfer Coefficient 2.12. Heat Transfer 2.13. Slurry Bubble Columns 2.14. Airlift Loop Reactors 3. Downflow Bubble Columns 3.1. Design and Applications 3.2. Operating Conditions and Gas Holdup 3.3. Mass Transfer 4. Jet Loop Reactors 4.1. Design and Applications 4.2. Typical Dimensions 4.3. Energy Balance 4.4. Mixing Behavior and Fluid Dynamics 4.5. Gas Holdup 4.6. Mass Transfer 4.7. Three-Phase Loop Reactor
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Fingerprinting to Identify Genetic Relatedness among Lychee Cultivars and Markers Associated with Small-seeded Cultivars (2014)

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to assess genetic relatedness among 23 popular commercial cultivars of lychee ( Litchi chinensis ) and identify the markers associated with small-seeded cultivars. A combination of three primer pairs with high discriminatory ability was selected for resolving the identity of lychee cultivars. The marker system resolved the instances of synonymies and homonymies. The two cultivars, Dehrarose and Dehradun, whose names are often used interchangeably, could be discriminated by AFLP. A cultivar, Calcuttia (H), grown in the Punjab region was found genetically very similar to China (M) of Bihar region in India, suggesting that both could be the same clone. A number of cultivars with contrasting seed size were included in the study. The cultivars Bedana, Seedless Late, and China were positioned in one group, unlike the grouping previously reported based on morphological traits. The AFLP fingerprinting revealed five marker fragments exclusive to the genotypes, which bear fruit with small seed and large pulp.
Optimal unsharp mask for image sharpening and noise removal (2005)

We consider the problem of restoring a noisy blurred image using an adaptive unsharp mask filter. Starting with a set of very high quality images, we use models for both the blur and the noise to generate a set of degraded images. With these image pairs, we optimally train the strength parameter of the unsharp mask to smooth flat areas of the image and to sharpen areas with detail. We characterize the blur and the noise for a specific hybrid analog/digital imaging system in which the original image is captured on film with a low-cost analog camera. A silver-halide print is made from this negative; and this is scanned to obtain a digital image. Our experimental results for this imaging system demonstrate the superiority of our optimal unsharp mask compared to a conventional unsharp mask with fixed strength.
Normal modes, virtual modes, and alternative representations in the theory of surface-duct sound propagation (1973)

This paper presents a theoretical study of sound propagation in an ocean-surface duct. It deals with several aspects of the theory from a point of view which has not heretofore been taken in the analyses of this problem. The model used to describe a duct assumes the ocean surface to be smooth and the square of the refractive index to be bilinear. Alternative representations of the sound field excited by a point source are derived, the two playing the most significant role in this paper being the residue series and the normal-mode representation. It is shown that the depth functions of the residue series do not form a complete set, as those of a normal-mode representation must, and that the normal-mode spectrum is continuous, rather than discrete. The completeness properties of the normal-mode functions are then utilized in a study of the energy-trapping capabilities of the duct. In this connection, virtual modes are introduced and shown to lead naturally to the derivation of a leakage coefficient characteristic of the exponential leakage of energy out of the duct with increasing range. In addition, a cutoff-frequency criterion, useful in determining when a surface duct can trap energy, is derived.
Proinflammatory cytokines in the saliva of patients with active and non-active Crohn's disease (2012)

In patients with active CD, salivary IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels are higher than in patients with inactive disease and controls. Elevated salivary IL-6 and TNF-α levels correlate with specific oral lesions. These cytokines may be used as markers of active CD, but the finding should be confirmed in a larger group of patients.
Towards a New Generation of Physics-Driven Solvers for Black-Oil and Compositional Flow Simulation (2009)

Abstract In recent years, there has been a resurgence in developing new solver technologies for addressing highly complex and large-scale flow simulations on specialized parallel and multicore architectures in a very effective manner. Methods such as algebraic multigrid (AMG), Krylov recycling (e.g., deflation, Krylov-secant) and extensions to two-stage preconditioners (e.g., GPR) have been copping the scene in latest solver advances. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to transit to be able to reduce the gap between achieving maximum robustness and parallel efficiency of these solvers in a wide range of problems that the oil industry is currently pursuing on. A new generation of solvers seems to require capabilities to recapture part of the masked physics that is overlooked by strictly algebraic procedures in order to retrieve part of the loss efficiency and furthermore, to obtain insights that make them adaptable to different reservoir situations. In this work, we show that this physical information may be possible by aggregation of system coefficients via percolation. The process can be efficiently encapsulated into a two-stage preconditioner that relies on the solution of the identified highly connected blocks (i.e., aggregates) followed by a deflation preconditioner. The proposed approach is coined as two-stage percolation aggregation (2SPA) and emerges as a representative member of a new family of physics-driven solvers to exploit connectivity (and consequently, flow trends) on highly heterogeneous media. We compare the performance of 2SPA preconditioner against ILU and conclude that the method could be promising to tackle a wider range of reservoir scenarios.
Cochlear Implantation: Diagnosis, Indications, and Auditory Rehabilitation Results (2020)

Cochlear implantation, performed in specialized centers, is a safe and reliable technique and regularly enables the successful rehabilitation of hearing in both children and adults.
Lapatinib plus capecitabine in heavily pretreated patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. (2011)

e11003
Unbalanced serum immunoglobulins in clinical subtypes of pediatric tuberculosis disease (2022)

Immune response to tuberculosis (TB) has been extensively studied in the past decades and classically involves cellular immunity. However, evidence suggests that humoral immunity may play a relevant role. Past studies regarding serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in TB are dated and only involve adult subjects. In this study, we retrospectively studied a cohort of 256 children with TB disease and analyzed 111 patients screened for total serum Ig at diagnosis. According to the severity and extent of organ involvement, subjects were divided into four groups, namely, uncomplicated pulmonary TB (UCPTB, 56.3% of patients), complicated pulmonary TB (CPTB, 22.5%), lymph node extrapulmonary TB (LN-EPTB, 7.2%), and extra-nodal extrapulmonary TB (EN-EPTB, 13.5%). Serum IgG and IgA levels were significantly higher in more severe and extended TB disease. Median IgG levels progressively increased from uncomplicated to complicated pulmonary and nodal forms, reaching their highest values in diffuse extra-pulmonary TB. In parallel, UCPTB showed significantly lower frequencies of patients presenting a substantial increase in IgG levels when compared with the other three groups. No relevant differences in IgM levels were detected. Ig screening at follow-up showed a significant reduction in IgG and IgA levels. Finally, we unveiled three cases of selective IgA and one case of selective IgM deficiencies (SIgMD), the latter with a severe clinical course. Serum IgG and IgA may be a useful clinical tool to assess the severity and monitor the treatment response in pediatric TB disease. Moreover, immunological workup in children with TB disease may unmask primary defects of humoral immunity.
[Increase of connective tissue in rat hearts under exposure to noise and with magnesium deficiency (author's transl)]. (1976)

Only a small amount of noise caused, combined with a nutritional Mg deficiency, a significant increase of collagen in the myocard of rats. While Mg deficiency or noise each for its own had no effect, the combination of both had a noxious effect. The results of these experiments give a hint to a correlation between collagen-increase in the myocard and an increase of urinal Catecholamine during the same time.
PIMA SEED COTTON CLEANING FOR MAXIMUM PROFIT (1997)

A cleaning study using pima cotton attempted to determine the optimum amount of overhead cleaning(cleaning prior to ginning). The cleaning machines consisted of cylinder cleaners and stick machines. Five cleaning levels(treatments) were tested which consisted of one, three, five, seven or nine cleaning machines. Overhead cleaningefficiency ranged from 54 to 83%, while the individual machine efficiencies ranged from 5 to 27%. Turnout did notchange between treatments. Color grade improved between treatments, but never obtained a grade 2. Bale valuecontinued to increase with additional cleaning; this was due to continued improvement in color grade with no change inturnout. The highest bale value was achieved when using nine seed cotton cleaning machines. Because using ninecleaners is unrealistic, no recommendation was made on a particular seed cotton cleaning level based on bale value;instead, general comments concerning cleaning level and color grade were made.
Sn Nanowire-Based Anode With Ti Adhesion Layer for Li-Ion Batteries (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Evaluation of Reported Malaria Chemoprophylactic Failure among Travelers in a US University Exchange Program, 2002 (2004)

Misdiagnosis of malaria made while a person is abroad may not only lead to erroneous reports of drug resistance, but it could also result in unnecessary administration of antimalarial treatment. Health care providers and public health authorities must critically evaluate reports of chemoprophylactic failures and disseminate accurate information to travelers.
Hemolysin of Streptococcus faecalis subspecies zymogenes contributes to virulence in mice (1984)

The conjugative plasmid pAD1 (56.7 kilobases) in Streptococcus faecalis confers hemolysin-bacteriocin (Hly-Bcn) expression and a mating response to the sex pheromone cAD1 excreted by recipient cells. We examined the contribution of hemolysin to pathogenicity in intraperitoneally infected mice by using Tn916 and Tn917 insertion mutants altered in hemolysin expression. Strains exhibiting the normal hemolysin phenotype were significantly more virulent than the nonhemolytic insertion mutants. A mutant plasmid with an increased copy number which gave rise to a larger-than-normal zone of hemolysis on blood agar rendered host strains more virulent than the wild-type streptococci in mice.
Preclinical Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of AP5346, A Novel Diaminocyclohexane-Platinum Tumor-Targeting Drug Delivery System (2006)

AP5346 has a substantially better therapeutic index than oxaliplatin. AP5346 produced a marked increase in the delivery of diaminocyclohexane Pt to the tumor and tumor DNA over and above that attainable with oxaliplatin.
Non‐Nernstian Behavior at Modified Au Electrodes for Hydrocarbon Gas Sensing (1999)

It was found that the non‐Nernstian behavior of a stabilized zirconia cell using a gold (Au) working electrode for saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon gases can be markedly enhanced by adding tantalum oxide to the Au electrode. The non‐ideal emf value of the cell using the 10 wt %‐added Au electrode for propene is typically three times the value of the cell using the parent Au electrode. The enhancing effect is explained by a promotion of the anodic reaction of propene in preference to the cathodic reaction of oxygen, which simultaneously occurs at the working electrode. The non‐ideal emf value for hydrocarbons becomes more negative as the carbon number increases, the C-C linkage is unsaturated, and the chain structure is branched. The enhancing effect due to the calcination of the Au electrode at high temperatures was also studied and was found to be based on a depression of the cathodic reaction of oxygen rather than the anodic reaction of propene. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Binary image encryption using logic operations based on interferometer (2010)

For encoding binary images, binary image encryption using logic operations based on interferometer was presented to overcome the shortcomings of the previous binary image eneryption. Firstly, a binary image which carries certain information is chosen as encrypted image. Secondly, a key which is used for decrypting image is obtained using logical relationship between them. Finally, the decrypted image is reconstructed with the principle of optical interference. Computer simulation and optical experiment show that eneryption is very convenient and decryption system is simple. Also, this method can realize multi-authentication, so safety performance is very high.
Epidemiology of migraine in men: Results from the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes (CaMEO) Study (2018)

Findings confirmed gender differences. Men with migraine generally have less severe attacks and disability and are less likely to receive a diagnosis than women with migraine. Prognostic factors may be better understood for women than men.
A new approach to tritium labelling; the synthesis of [3H]ibogaine (1992)

Tritium labelled ibogaine, for pharmacological studies as an anti-addiction treatment for cocaine abuse, is prepared by a new method for the tritiation of aryl compounds involving ortho metallation followed by facile reduction of the carbon–metal bond.
Concomitant Infusional Paclitaxel and Fluorouracil, Oral Hydroxyurea, and Hyperfractionated Radiation for Locally Advanced Squamous Head and Neck Cancer (2001)

T-FH2X is a highly active and tolerable concomitant chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiation regimen that induces sustained local tumor control and holds promise for improved survival with organ preservation in high-risk patients. Identification of less toxic therapy and improved distant disease control are needed. T-FH2X should be tested in a randomized trial and compared with a less intensive concomitant regimen that uses once-daily radiation fractionation.
Dose-response characteristics of a ferrous-sulphate-doped gelatin system for determining radiation absorbed dose distributions by magnetic resonance imaging (Fe MRI) (1991)

The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) longitudinal relaxation rate R1 dose-response characteristics of a ferrous-sulphate-doped chemical dosimeter system (Fe MRI) immobilized in a gelatin matrix were explored. Samples containing various concentrations of the FeSO4 dosimeter were irradiated to absorbed doses of 0-150 Gy. R1 relaxation rates were determined by imaging the samples at a field strength of 1.5T(1H Lamor frequency of 63.8 MHz). The response of the system was found to be approximately linear up to doses of 50 Gy for all FeSO4 concentrations studied (0.1-2.0 mM). Changing concentrations in the range of 0.1-0.5 mM affected both the slope and intercept of the dose-response curve. For concentrations of 0.5-2.0 mM, the slope of the dose-response curves remained constant at approximately 0.0423 s-1 Gy-1 in the dose range of 0-50 Gy. However, the intercept of the curve continued to increase in that region, as expected, because of the additional paramagnetic ions. The reproducibility of the absorbed dose estimates for measurements made over a 22 cm field of view was found to be 5% in the range of 20-50 Gy (an uncertainty of 0.81 Gy on average), decreasing to approximately 10% in the dose range of 5-10 Gy.
Repeated Tissue Expansion in Reconstruction of a Huge Combined Scalp-forehead Avulsion Injury (1988)

A 29-year-old woman sustained a severe combined forehead-scalp avulsion injury (20 X 17 cm) in an automobile accident 4 years ago. The skull was covered with split skin-grafts. The defect was successfully removed by the use of simultaneous and repeated tissue expansion of the normal occipital area and the remains of the forehead. The case illustrates the possibility of using large expander volumes (1,700 cc) in the head area and the fact that even narrow skin bridges (2.0 cm above the left eyebrow) can be expanded. The expander shape can be chosen to create a desired flap size and form. Finally, hair thickness and growth can be quite acceptable even after huge expansions of the scalp.
GRADUAL FEMORAL LENGTHENING WITH THE ALBIZZIA INTRAMEDULLARY NAIL (2003)

Femoral lengthening with use of the minimally invasive Albizzia technique provides a reasonable alternative to external fixation that is well tolerated by patients and results in excellent function with little or no distortion of body image.
Magnetoelectric interactions in BiFeO3, Bi0.95Nd0.05FeO3, and Bi0.95La0.05FeO3 multiferroics (2008)

The technology of ceramic BiFeO3, Bi0.95Nd0.05FeO3, and Bi0.95La0.05FeO3 multiferroics is described. The room-temperature magnetization, magnetoelectric (ME), and magnetodielectric (MDE) effects in these compounds have been studied. It is established that even a small fraction (x = 0.05) of rare-earth additives (La, Nd) to bismuth ferrite not only enhance its magnetic properties, but also significantly influence the ME and MDE effects. The dependence of the ME effect on the frequency of modulation of the alternating magnetic field in Bi0.95Nd0.05FeO3, and Bi0.95La0.05FeO3 is more pronounced than in pure BiFeO3.
Miscibility Characterization in Relation to Phase Morphology of Poly(ether sulfone)/Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Blends Containing a Phytochemical (2009)

Miscibility and morphology of poly(ether sulfone)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PES/PVP) blends containing a crystalline phytochemical called mangiferin were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The binary blends of PES/PVP were found to be completely miscible. However, FTIR experiments revealed no spectral shift that is attributable to the miscibility of the PES/PVP pair, although the occurrence of hydrogen-bonding interactions can be confirmed in binary blends of both PES/mangiferin and PVP/mangiferin. The addition of mangiferin to the PES/PVP blends resulted in liquid-liquid phase separation as well as liquid-solid phase transition. However, the liquid-liquid phase separation was observed only in a very small ternary composition range of the PES/PVP/mangiferin blends. With further increase of mangiferin concentration, crystallization occurred, leading to phase segregation between the isotropic liquid (PES/PVP) phase and the crystalline mangiferin. A ternary morphology phase diagram of the PES/PVP/mangiferin blends was established based on the evidence from DSC and POM experiments, which exhibited various coexistence regions including isotropic, liquid+liquid, liquid+crystal, and solid crystal regions.
Method for the detection of a magnetic field utilizing a magnetic vortex (2023)

The determination of the strength of an in-plane magnetic field utilizing one or more magnetically-soft, ferromagnetic member, having a shape, size and material whereas a single magnetic vortex is formed at remanence in each ferromagnetic member. The preferred shape is a thin circle, or dot. Multiple ferromagnetic members can also be stacked on-top of each other and separated by a non-magnetic spacer. The resulting sensor is hysteresis free. The sensor's sensitivity, and magnetic saturation characteristics may be easily tuned by simply altering the material, size, shape, or a combination thereof to match the desired sensitivity and saturation characteristics. The sensor is self-resetting at remanence and therefore does not require any pinning techniques.
Electronic Commerce Encourages Differentiation (2002)

Abstract This paper explores why and how ecommerce firms differentiate their products and services. Consumers who shop online are able to do quick and easy comparison shopping, including shopping in an active market for used goods. Since online product search and price comparisons are faster, easier, and involve fewer shopping costs, firms who sell online must differentiate their products and services to a greater extent than those who do not sell online. These product and service differentiations may be certified and rated by host shopping sites and by outside ratings companies.
Perylene-Based All-Organic Redox Battery with Excellent Cycling Stability (2016)

Organic materials derived from biomass can constitute a viable option as replacements for inorganic materials in lithium-ion battery electrodes owing to their low production costs, recyclability, and structural diversity. Among them, conjugated carbonyls have become the most promising type of organic electrode material as they present high theoretical capacity, fast reaction kinetics, and quasi-infinite structural diversity. In this letter, we report a new perylene-based all-organic redox battery comprising two aromatic conjugated carbonyl electrode materials, the prelithiated tetra-lithium perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylate (PTCLi6) as negative electrode material and the poly(N-n-hexyl-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic)imide (PTCI) as positive electrode material. The resulting battery shows promising long-term cycling stability up to 200 cycles. In view of the enhanced cycling performances, the two organic materials studied herein are proposed as suitable candidates for the development of new all-organic lithium-ion batteries.
Laboratory Investigations of Low-Swirl Injectors Operating With Syngases (2008)

The low-swirl injector (LSI) is a lean premixed combustion technology that has the potential for adaptation to fuel-flexible gas turbines operating on a variety of fuels. The objective of this study is to gain a fundamental understanding of the effect of syngas on the LSI flame behavior, the emissions and the flowfield characteristics for its adaptation to the combustion turbines in IGCC clean coal power plants. The experiments were conducted in two facilities. Open laboratory flames generated by a full size (6.35 cm) LSI were used to investigate the lean-blow off limits, emissions, and the flowfield characteristics. Verification of syngas operation at elevated temperatures and pressures were performed with a reduced scale (2.54 cm) LSI in a small pressurized combustion channel. The results show that the basic LSI design is amenable to burning syngases with up to 60% H2. Syngases with high H2 concentration have lower lean blow-off limits. From PIV measurements, the flowfield similarity behavior and the turbulent flame speeds of syngases flames are consistent with those observed in hydrocarbon and pure or diluted hydrogen flames. The NOx emissions from syngas flames show log-linear dependency on the adiabatic flame temperature and are comparable to those reported for the gaseous fuels reported previously. Successful firing of the reduced-scale LSI at 330 &lt; T &lt; 446° F and 8 atm verified the operability of this concept at gas turbine conditions.
Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine for Maintenance of HIV-1 Suppression (2020)

Monthly injections of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine were noninferior to standard oral therapy for maintaining HIV-1 suppression. Injection-related adverse events were common but only infrequently led to medication withdrawal. (Funded by ViiV Healthcare and Janssen; ATLAS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02951052.).