gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calculated Reflectance of Aluminum-Overcoated Iridium in the Vacuum Ultraviolet from 500 Å to 2000 Å (1967)

The effect of thin overcoatings of aluminum on the normal and oblique reflectance of opaque iridium has been calculated with a digital computer for the wavelength region from 500 A to 2000A. It is shown theoretically that iridium coated with 100-150 A of aluminum has a high reflectance throughout this entire wavelength range and that, at wavelengths below 800 A, the iridium-aluminum film combination is considerably more efficient than plain iridium or aluminum. However, the high vacuum uv reflectance of such a mirror coating is not likely to be utilized under ordinary conditions because the formation of an oxide film on the aluminum surface decreases its reflectance drastically. The most likely application of iridium-aluminum reflecting coatings is in high resolution satellite spectrographs for studying the emission lines of stars and of the sun. In order to utilize fully their high reflectance in such satellite experiments,the aluminum film has to be deposited after he satellite has been placed in an orbit high enough to eliminate surface oxidation.
Synthesis of New N-Substituted N′-(2-methylthio-4-chloro-5-methylbenzenesulfonyl)guanidines with Anticancer Activity (2022)

Cancer is a disease that has spread widely throughout the world and requires the development of new anticancer drugs. Curing cancer is a complicated process as the drugs that are used target human cells and cells that have undergone genetic changes and are dividing at a quick and uncontrolled rate. Thus, there is a constant need to develop alternative or synergistic anticancer agents with minimal side effects. One of the important strategies in the search for chemotherapeutics is the approach based on combining fragments of known drugs in one molecule, leading to structures or &ldquo;hit&rdquo; structures. The conjugation of two pharmacophores into a molecular hybrid aims at achieving a synergistic effect with increased efficacy compared to the starting compounds. The aim of the work was to synthesize new N-substituted N&prime;-(2-methylthio-4-chloro-5-methylbenzenesulfonyl)guanidines with potential anticancer activity, designed as molecular hybrids containing fragments of chalcone and 4-chloro-5-methyl-2-methylthiobenzenesulfonamide. Cytotoxic activity of the compounds was evaluated in the MTT test against three human tumor cell lines: breast cancer (MCF-7), colon cancer (HCT-116), and cervical cancer (HeLa). It has been shown that all sulfonamides are highly active against breast and colon cancer cell lines (IC50: 2.5&ndash;5 &mu;M). Additionally, in tests carried out on the non-cancer human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), it was proved that the tested compounds showed higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells compared to healthy cells. Cytotoxic activity in the HeLa cell line ranged from values of IC50 from 5 to 17 &mu;M.
Proteolytic control of growth factor availability (1999)

Most growth factors are released from cells in a form that does not permit immediate interaction with their high affinity receptors. An important mechanism for presentation of these released latent growth factors is activation by the plasminogen activator-plasmin system. The involvement of this system in the biology of Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta) is reviewed.
Designing molecular structure to achieve ductile fracture behavior in a stiff and strong 2D polymer, “graphylene” (2016)

As the simplest two-dimensional (2D) polymer, graphene has immensely high intrinsic strength and elastic stiffness but has limited toughness due to brittle fracture. We use atomistic simulations to explore a new class of graphene/polyethylene hybrid 2D polymer, "graphylene", that exhibits ductile fracture mechanisms and has a higher fracture toughness and flaw tolerance than graphene. A specific configuration of this 2D polymer hybrid, denoted "GrE-2" for the two-carbon-long ethylene chains connecting benzene rings in the inherent framework, is prioritized for study. MD simulations of crack propagation show that the energy release rate to propagate a crack in GrE-2 is twice that of graphene. We also demonstrate that GrE-2 exhibits delocalized failure and other energy-dissipating fracture mechanisms such as crack branching and bridging. These results demonstrate that 2D polymers can be uniquely tailored to achieve a balance of fracture toughness with mechanical stiffness and strength.
Correlação entre os níveis séricos de vitamina d e de proteína c reativa numa população longeva: uma sub-análise do projeto longevos, São Paulo, Brasil (2014)

Objetivo Geral O objetivo geral deste estudo transversal é descrever a concentração sérica de vitamina D em uma coorte de longevos saudáveis, estratificada pelo índice de massa corpórea, pela idade e pelo sexo, pela exposição ao sol e pelo tabagismo, covariáveis que podem influenciar os níveis séricos de vitamia D. 2.2 Objetivo Específico O objetivo específico do estudo é correlacionar os níveis séricos de vitamina D com os níveis séricos de proteína C reativa, um marcador de inflamação sistêmica.
ISP-Enabled Behavioral Ad Targeting without Deep Packet Inspection (2010)

Online advertising is a rapidly growing industry currently dominated by the search engine 'giant' Google. In an attempt to tap into this huge market, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) started deploying deep packet inspection techniques to track and collect user browsing behavior. However, such techniques violate wiretap laws that explicitly prevent intercepting the contents of communication without gaining consent from consumers. In this paper, we show that it is possible for ISPs to extract user browsing patterns without inspecting contents of communication. Our contributions are threefold. First, we develop a methodology and implement a system that is capable of extracting web browsing features from stored non-content based records of online communication, which could be legally shared. When such browsing features are correlated with information collected by independently crawling the Web, it becomes possible to recover the actual web pages accessed by clients. Second, we systematically evaluate our system on the Internet and demonstrate that it can successfully recover user browsing patterns with high accuracy. Finally, our findings call for a comprehensive legislative reform that would not only enable fair competition in the online advertising business, but more importantly, protect the consumer rights in a more effective way.
The Crystal Structure of BaZn2Se2(OH)2 Featuring Brownmillerite‐Type Layers (2023)

Abstract A bimetallic hydroxychalcogenide, BaZn 2 Se 2 (OH) 2 , was synthesized through hydrothermal pouch methods. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction and electron diffraction indicates that the phase crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma and is composed of anionic layers [ZnSe 3/3 (OH) 1/1 ] − that are separated and charged balanced by Ba 2+ cations. The [ZnSe 3/3 (OH) 1/1 ] – layer comprises two unique Zn sites, which form interpenetrating zigzag chains with an in‐plane dipole moment and adopts a brownmillerite‐type structural motif. The adjacent layers contain tetrahedrally coordinated Zn chains of opposite handedness related by an inversion center, which cancel the microscopic dipoles to minimize the macroscopic electric polarization. The adoption of a brownmillerite structural motif in BaZn 2 Se 2 (OH) 2 can be rationalized by the distinct charge difference between Se 2− and OH − anions, which creates a sufficient dipole moment in the ZnSe 3 (OH) tetrahedra to allow the occurrence of twisted chains. FTIR spectroscopy confirms the existence of OH − anions and DFT calculations indicate that BaZn 2 Se 2 (OH) 2 is a semiconductor with a direct band gap. This work expands the chemistry of the brownmillerite family from traditional homoanionic oxides to multianion hydroxychalcogenides, offering a new opportunity to explore tunable structural complexity for better design of functional materials.
METHODS AND FINDINGS IN AN ANALYSIS OF A VOCAL OPERANT (1963)

The relations among acoustic parameters of a vocal operant were considered and some methods for their measurement are described. Four human subjects (Ss) and one chick were employed in an experiment on the relations among vocal rate, vocal topography, and schedules of reinforcement. The earlier finding that schedules of reinforcement control human and infra-human vocal responding as they do other operants was replicated and extended to the case of variable-interval reinforcement. An analysis of response amplitude, pitch, and duration showed that the mean and variance of these parameters typically increase from CRF to VI, from VI to EXT and, for a second group of Ss, from CRF to EXT. The topography of the chick's vocal response appears to stand in the same relation to reinforcement operations as does the human vocal response.
Design of Sports Event Evaluation and Classification Method Based on Deep Neural Network (2022)

Large-scale sports events with high-level competition as the main content will have a great impact on the host city whether from the economic level or from the social level. With the improvement of human civilization, people realize that the holding of large-scale sports events not only has a positive impact on the economy and society but also brings some negative effects, such as waste of resources and environmental pollution, which have attracted the attention of the government and investors. Therefore, how to scientifically, comprehensively, and reasonably evaluate large-scale sports events, especially the accurate evaluation of their economic and social effects, has become the focus of attention. The evaluation of large-scale sports events mainly includes two levels: economic and social. Through the specific analysis of the evaluation content and the weight calculation of the evaluation index, the overall optimization of the evaluation of large-scale sports events is realized, and the reference experience is provided for the holding and evaluation of large-scale sports events in the future. Based on this, this article proposes a sports event evaluation and classification method based on the deep neural network. Firstly, on the basis of literature review and field investigation, the evaluation index system of sports events is established. Deep learning models have strong fitting power and robustness and have been applied to many real-world tasks. Then the deep neural network is used to evaluate the holding effect of sports events. The experimental results show that the model has high evaluation accuracy and is of great significance to the supervision and guidance of sports events.
The Economics of Harvesting Corn Cobs for Energy (2011)

This research analyzes the payment per ton farmers need for it to be profitable to harvest cobs. To get information from the farmer's perspective, two focus groups and a questionnaire were mailed to seven Minnesota farmers harvesting cobs during the 2009 harvest. The data from these farmers was used to modify Purdue's Crop and Livestock Linear Programming Model (PCLP) and was applied to the data from 55 Midwestern farms taken from the 2009 Top Farmer Crop Workshop held at Purdue University. Results indicate that farmers generally must receive $100/ton in order to become serious about harvesting cobs. One reason for the high payment is the $28,000 lease for the cob wagon. This created a barrier to entry to smaller farms trying to harvest cobs. Farms larger than 2000 corn acres were better able to offset the necessary costs associated with harvesting cobs. Sensitivity analysis was done on key factors of harvest working rate, a reduced wagon cost of $14,000, and a decrease in the amount of cobs in stover. We found that a yield decrease increased cob costs $6 to $9/ton. The major conclusion of this research is that the cob price required to induce a significant amount of cob harvest is much higher than previously thought.
Hydrogen storage in Pd clusters (2000)

Hydrogen storage in a Pd cluster is studied theoretically using a self-consistent density-functional scheme with a norm-conserving pseudopotential. We mainly focus on the cuboctahedral Pd13Hn clusters with n = 1, 6, 8, and 14. Two stable sites for hydrogen adsorption are found; one is slightly inside the square face of the cluster and the other is outside of the triangular face. Electronic states relevant to hydrogen adsorption are well described by the cluster-centre electronic states (CCSs); this term refers to the states produced by the centre cluster (hydrogen atoms and the centre Pd atom) interacting with peripheral Pd atoms. When the hydrogen atoms are adsorbed inside the tetrahedral face, the cluster is stabilized by expanding the Pd-Pd distance by 3.7%, which is close to the lattice expansion in the β-phase of bulk PdH. As the face-centred-cubic bulk can be fully `clusterized' by these clusters, we estimate the entropy change of the bulk upon transition as the change in configuration entropy between these clusters.
X-ray crystal structure of 4-deoxy-3'-bromopyrido(1',2'-1,2)imidazo(5,4-c)rifamycin S. (1984)

This paper reports the determination of the X-ray molecular structure of 4-deoxy-3'-bromopyrido[1',2'-1,2]imidazo[5,4-c]rifamycin S, carried out in order to unequivocally define the general structure of a new series of rifamycin SV derivatives, which are potent antibacterial agents, and are not absorbed at the gastroenteric level. They have been prepared by Alfa Farmaceutici, Bologna, by condensing 2-aminopyridine derivatives to 3-bromorifamycin S. The solid state X-ray study has confirmed the structure proposed on the basis of 1H NMR studies in solution. It has also shown that the newly formed pyridoimidazo system is in a mesomeric betaine form, the pyrido nitrogen being positively charged and the imidazo nitrogen being negatively charged. This feature is believed responsible for the pharmacokinetic behavior of these new drugs, one of which, denoted either as rifamycin L 105 or rifaximin, is actually under clinical trial as a topical intestinal disinfectant.
3D/Inkjet-printed millimeter wave components and interconnects for communication and sensing (2017)

This paper presents the design and experimental results of 3D/inkjet printed circuits operating in millimeter wave frequencies. Millimeter wave technology is particularly suitable for 5G communication systems however it is also associated with a higher cost, and larger time-to-market. 3D/inkjet printing technology presents an exciting alternative to traditional fabrication techniques being cost-efficient, and allowing for rapid prototyping. This paper offers an overview of recent results associated with fully printed planar antennas, lens antennas, millimeter wave interconnects and sensors demonstrating the potential of the technology.
Electron Delocalization in a Rigid Cofacial Naphthalene‐1,8:4,5‐bis(dicarboximide) Dimer (2014)

Abstract Investigating through‐space electronic communication between discrete cofacially oriented aromatic π‐systems is fundamental to understanding assemblies as diverse as double‐stranded DNA, organic photovoltaics and thin‐film transistors. A detailed understanding of the electronic interactions involved rests on making the appropriate molecular compounds with rigid covalent scaffolds and π–π distances in the range of ca. 3.5 Å. Reported herein is an enantiomeric pair of doubly‐bridged naphthalene‐1,8:4,5‐bis(dicarboximide) (NDI) cyclophanes and the characterization of four of their electronic states, namely 1) the ground state, 2) the exciton coupled singlet excited state, 3) the radical anion with strong through‐space interactions between the redox‐active NDI molecules, and 4) the diamagnetic diradical dianion using UV/Vis/NIR, EPR and ENDOR spectroscopies in addition to X‐ray crystallography. Despite the unfavorable Coulombic repulsion, the singlet diradical dianion dimer of NDI shows a more pronounced intramolecular π–π stacking interaction when compared with its neutral analog.
Mycotoxins in Florida Pastures (2018)

Beef cattle producers in Florida have expressed concerns about the potential presence of mycotoxins in summer perennial forages. In other regions of the US, mycotoxins in forage crops have caused productivity and economic losses. This 3-page fact sheet provides information about the current state of knowledge regarding mycotoxins in Florida perennial grass pastures. Written by Marcelo Wallau, Brittany Justesen, Ann Blount, Luiz Ferraretto, Glen Aiken, and Aaron Stam, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, August 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag422
Dissimilar plasmids isolated from Pseudomonas diminuta MG and a Flavobacterium sp. (ATCC 27551) contain identical opd genes (1988)

The opd (organophosphate-degrading) gene derived from a 43-kilobase-pair plasmid (pSM55) of a Flavobacterium sp. (ATCC 27551) has a sequence identical to that of the plasmid-borne gene of Pseudomonas diminuta. Hybridization studies with DNA fragments obtained by restriction endonuclease digestion of plasmid DNAs demonstrated that the identical opd sequences were encoded on dissimilar plasmids from the two sources.
Letters to the Editor (1973)

We cast a rather wide net for fillers and might well have included the prayer by Hutchison (not Hutchinson) among them. Your introduction of it here may draw wider attention to it than its appearance in Pediatrics, 43:127. But to see the Hutchison words as a defense of good comprehensive care in pediatrics seems to us as indefensible as to regard the Dornhorst and Hunter quotation as an attack upon it. And would you not prefer "the man who knows most about so-and-so" if that illness were life-threatening, and in your family?
Coarsening Foams Robustly Reach a Self-Similar Growth Regime (2010)

Dry liquid foams coarsen like other diphasic systems governed by interfacial energy: gas slowly diffuses across liquid films, resulting in large bubbles growing at the expense of smaller ones which eventually shrink and disappear. A foam scatters light very effectively, preventing direct optical observation of bubble sizes and shapes in large foams. Using high speed x-ray tomography, we have produced 4D movies (i.e., 3D + time) of up to 30,000 bubbles. After a transient regime, the successive images look alike, except that the average bubble size increases as the square root of time: This scaling state is the long sought self-similar growth regime. The bubble size and face-number distributions in this regime are compared with experimental distributions for grains in crystals and with numerical simulations of foams.
Ventricular tachycardia-flutter associated with disopyramide therapy: a report of three cases. (1978)

Three patients developed episodes of ventricular tachycardia and/or flutter-fibrillation while receiving disopyramide (Norpace). Syncope was the presenting complaint in all of them. The arrhythmias did not recur after disopyramide was discontinued. The Q-T interval was markedly prolonged in all three patients. One patient developed syncope associated with both quinidine and Norpace therapy. It is postulated that disopyramide, like quinidine, may provoke ventricular flutter-fibrillation in sensitive patients by similar mechanisms.
Dual‐mode dielectric‐resonator microwave active filters (1994)

Abstract The purpose of this article is to present a new miniature dielectric‐resonator (DR) dual‐mode active filter. Measured results for a two‐pole bandpass active filter using dielectric‐resonator dual HEM 118 mode are described. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Electrohydrodynamic Flow Control with a Glow-Discharge Surface Plasma (2000)

Multiplee ow diagnostics have been applied to planarpanels covered by strips of glow-discharge surface plasma in atmospheric pressure air generated by the one atmosphere uniform glow discharge plasma. Direct drag measurements, smoke wire and titanium tetrachloride e ow visualization, and boundary-layer velocity proe les were obtained. The plasma generated along streamwise-oriented, symmetric strip electrodes is shown to cause a large increase in drag, whereas the plasma along spanwise-oriented, asymmetric strip electrodes can generate a signie cant thrust. Flow visualization and mean velocity measurements show the primary cause of the phenomena to be a combination of mass transport and vortical structures induced by strong electrohydrodynamic body forces on the e ow, known as paraelectric forcing.
Relevance and Validation of Test Procedures for PEMFC Stack Performance Analysis (2014)

The harmonization of procedures for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) analysis is of significant interest for industry and academia. Up to the present date, PEMFC performance analysis has not been standardized leading to non-comparable results. This incomparability is clearly recognizable in single cells, but has an even higher effect on the stack level. The preparation of required protocols was realized in a two-step process. The crucial parameters have been identified in the first step. Subsequently, the procedure for the respective parameter variation has been specified. For example, the direction of parameter adjustment, the sensor position and the parameter control are defined in the protocols to achieve reproducible results. Furthermore, the feedback from a broad range of industrial institutions, from OEMs to stack manufacturers, and academia has been considered to improve the procedures. For the present work, these protocols were applied to a 10 cell stack. The operating parameters - reactant humidity, pressure and stoichiometry as well as stack temperature and electric load - have been varied according to the protocols. Thereby, the impact of the protocols to the test results was examined with respect to performance, cell voltage deviation, and behavior in continuous operation under constant load. Regarding the use of testing procedures in industry, the test duration is a further crucial parameter and should be minimized without endanger the result accuracy and reproducibility. This aspect will be demonstrated and presented on polarization curve studies, the most frequently used tool for PEMFC assessment. Our results show that comparability and constancy of the test results in different facilities across Europe are greatly influenced by the applied testing protocols. In this work, we will present the validation results, identify and highlight critical parameters and sequence of examination steps. Our work clearly demonstrates the great need for harmonized performance analysis protocols and their case dependent choice. All procedures and validation results are part of the Stack-Test project funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) for the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative under grant n° 303445. We gratefully acknowledge the members of the Stack-Test consortium who prepared, improved and validated the test procedures. All presented test procedures are acquirable at stacktest.zsw-bw.de.