gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporary threshold shifts in Boris the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), varying noise duration and intensity (2023)

There is much concern regarding increasing noise levels in the ocean and how it may affect marine mammals. Early on, there was little information regarding how sound affects marine mammals and no empirical data on the relationship between noise intensity and exposure duration. Working with Boris the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, we explored the effects of octave-band noise, and sonar signals on odontocete hearing and noise-induced temporary hearing threshold shifts (TTS). Sound pressure levels (SPLs) and exposure durations were varied to measure the effects of exposure duration and amplitude. Hearing thresholds were initially measured behaviorally, and later using auditory evoked potentials before and after sound exposure to track TTS and recovery. These efforts showed that threshold shifts were not linear but rather shorter sounds required greater sound exposure levels to induce TTS; a contrast to some early published literature. Further, sound exposure levels of sonar signals required to induce TTS were high, supporting the notion that relatively short sounds must be of relatively high intensity to induce threshold shifts. From these data and this remarkable animal, a novel algorithm was written that predicts the physiological effects of anthropogenic noise if the intensity and duration of exposure are known.
Die-Level Micrometers-Deep Subsurface Imaging for Fault Isolation using Remote Bias Induced Electrostatic Force Microscopy (2022)

Abstract In recent years, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has drawn substantial attention for subsurface imaging, since the ultrasharp AFM tip (≈ 10 nm in radius) can deliver and detect, mechanical and electrical signals right above the material’s 3D volume with which it is directly interacting. Electrostatic force microscopy, or EFM, is one of the most common atomic force microscopy (AFM) variants for electrical property characterization. In this work, we demonstrate a method to significantly improve EFM’s subsurface imaging capability. Unlike conventional EFM, where an AC bias is applied to the cantilever, we applied two out of phase AC biases to adjacent subsurface lines and image the resulting cantilever response at the surface. The resulting remote bias induced EFM (RB-EFM) amplitude shows decent contrast of metal lines with a 2.4 μm spacing buried up to 4 μm beneath the surface. This novel method may resolve lines with a horizontal spacing of less than 130 nm at such depth and wider lines to at least 6 μm in depth. In addition, the results are compared with conventional EFM and KPFM that detects subsurface structure with two independent DC biases. A COMSOL simulation model has been developed that reproduces the essential features of the measurement and explains the improvement of subsurface imaging with RB-EFM compared to other electrostatic force imaging techniques. We show, that by biasing independent lines at a small delta in frequency from the cantilever resonance, multiple line traces can be differentiated in the RB-EFM image.
A multi-plate velocity-map imaging design for high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy (2017)

A velocity map imaging (VMI) setup consisting of multiple electrodes with three adjustable voltage parameters, designed for slow electron velocity map imaging applications, is presented. The motivations for this design are discussed in terms of parameters that influence the VMI resolution and functionality. Particularly, this VMI has two tunable potentials used to adjust for optimal focus, yielding good VMI focus across a relatively large energy range. It also allows for larger interaction volumes without significant sacrifice to the resolution via a smaller electric gradient at the interaction region. All the electrodes in this VMI have the same dimensions for practicality and flexibility, allowing for relatively easy modifications to suit different experimental needs. We have coupled this VMI to a cryogenic ion trap mass spectrometer that has a flexible source design. The performance is demonstrated with the photoelectron spectra of S<sup>-</sup> and CS<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>. The latter has a long vibrational progression in the ground state, and the temperature dependence of the vibronic features is probed by changing the temperature of the ion trap.
Four-week histologic evaluation of grafted calvarial defects with adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy in rats (2016)

Within the limitations of this study, the present findings indicate that adjunctive HBO and EGCG/BMP-2 could be beneficial for new bone formation in rat calvarial defects.
Overcoming process delays with decision tree induction (1994)

Printers are always seeking higher productivity by increasing their production rates and minimizing process delays. When process delays have known causes, they can be mitigated by acquiring causal rules from human experts and then applying sensors and automated real-time diagnostic devices to the process. However, for some delays the experts have only weak causal knowledge or none at all. In such cases, machine learning tools can collect training data and process it through an induction engine in search of diagnostic knowledge. We have applied a machine learning strategy known as decision tree induction to derive a set of rules about a long-standing problem in rotogravure printing. The induction mechanism is embedded within a knowledge acquisition system that suggests plausible rules to an expert, who can override the rules or modify the data from which the rules were derived. By using decision tree induction to derive process control rules, this system lets experts participate in knowledge acquisition by doing what they do best: exercising their expertise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multifunctional conducting polymer fibres for drug delivery applications (2013)

Advances in the fabrication of neuroprosthetic electrodes have attracted considerable interest from biomedical researchers. These electrodes are incorporated into a neuroprosthetic device capable of, electrically stimulating and recording of neuron activity. Critical to the successful application of these electrodes is their biocompatibility, stable conductivity, lower impedance and flexibility whilst maintaining appropriate mechanical properties [1] .
Zinc Induced Aβ16 Aggregation Modeled by Molecular Dynamics (2021)

It is widely accepted that the addition of zinc leads to the formation of neurotoxic nonfibrillar aggregates of beta-amyloid peptides Aβ<sub>40</sub> and Aβ<sub>42</sub> and at the same time destabilizes amyloid fibrils. However, the mechanism of the effect of zinc on beta-amyloid is not fully understood. In this study, a fast zinc-induced aggregation of Aβ<sub>16</sub> (as compared to a system without zinc) via the formation of Aβ<sub>16</sub> dimers with one zinc ion coordinated in the metal-binding site <sub>11</sub>EVHH<sub>14</sub>, followed by their polymerization, has been studied by molecular dynamics. The best aggregation was shown by the system composed of Aβ<sub>16</sub> dimers bound by one zinc ion, with no additional zinc in solution. The presence of Aβ<sub>16</sub> dimers was a major condition, sufficient for fast aggregation into larger complexes. It has been shown that the addition of zinc to a system with already formed dimers does not substantially affect the characteristics and rate of aggregation. At the same time, an excessive concentration of zinc at the early stages of the formation of conglomerates can negatively affect aggregation, since in systems where zinc ions occupied the <sub>11</sub>EVHH<sub>14</sub> coordination center and the His6 residue of every Aβ<sub>16</sub> monomer, the aggregation proceeded more slowly and the resulting complexes were not as large as in the zinc-free Aβ system. Thus, this study has shown that the formation of Aβ<sub>16</sub> dimers bound through zinc ions at the <sub>11</sub>EVHH<sub>14</sub> sites of the peptides plays an important role in the formation of neurotoxic non-fibrillar aggregates of beta-amyloid peptide Aβ<sub>16</sub>. The best energetically favorable structure has been obtained for the complex of two Aβ<sub>16</sub> dimers with two zinc ions.
Default biosynthesis pathway for blood group-related glycolipids in human small intestine as defined by structural identification of linear and branched glycosylceramides in a group O Le(a-b-) nonsecretor (2003)

Glycoconjugates of the GI tract are important for microbial interactions. The expression of histo-blood group glycosyltransferases governs both the expression of blood group determinants and in part the structure and size of the glycoconjugates. Using neutral glycolipids isolated from the small intestine of a rare blood group O Le(a-b-) ABH secretor-negative (nonsecretor) individual we were able to map the "default" pathway of the individual lacking ABO, Lewis, and secretor glycosyltransferases. Structures were deduced with combined analysis of mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF and ESI-MS/MS), and 1H NMR (500 and 600 MHz). All structures present at a level >5% were structurally resolved and included two extended structures: Galbeta4(Fucalpha3)GlcNAcbeta3(Galbeta4[Fucalpha3]GlcNAcbeta6)Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer and Galbeta3GlcNAcbeta3(Galbeta4[Fucalpha3]GlcNAcbeta6)Galbeta3GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer. The first, a novel component, is based on a type 2 chain and bears the Lex glycotopes on both its branches. The second, a major component, is based on a type 1 chain, which bears a 3-linked type 1 precursor (Lec) glycotope and a 6-linked Lex glycotope on its branches. This latter structure is identical to that previously isolated from plasma and characterized by MS and GC-MS but not by NMR. Structural resolution of these structures was supported by reanalysis of the blood group H-active decaosylceramides previously isolated from rat small intestine. Other minor linear monofucosylated penta-, hepta-, and difucosylated octaosylceramides, some bearing blood group determinants, were also identified. The cumulative data were used to define a default biosynthesis pathway where it can be seen that carbohydrate chain extension, in the absence of blood group glycosyltransferases, is controlled and regulated by non-blood group fucosylation and branching with type 2 Galbeta4GlcNAc branches.
Anacardic Acid Inhibits Estrogen Receptor α–DNA Binding and Reduces Target Gene Transcription and Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation (2010)

Anacardic acid (AnAc; 2-hydroxy-6-alkylbenzoic acid) is a dietary and medicinal phytochemical with established anticancer activity in cell and animal models. The mechanisms by which AnAc inhibits cancer cell proliferation remain undefined. AnAc 24:1(omega5) was purified from geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum) and shown to inhibit the proliferation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-positive MCF-7 and endocrine-resistant LCC9 and LY2 breast cancer cells with greater efficacy than ERalpha-negative primary human breast epithelial cells, MCF-10A normal breast epithelial cells, and MDA-MB-231 basal-like breast cancer cells. AnAc 24:1(omega5) inhibited cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis in a cell-specific manner. AnAc 24:1(omega5) inhibited estradiol (E(2))-induced estrogen response element (ERE) reporter activity and transcription of the endogenous E(2) target genes pS2, cyclin D1, and cathepsin D in MCF-7 cells. AnAc 24:1(omega5) did not compete with E(2) for ERalpha or ERbeta binding, nor did AnAc 24:1(omega5) reduce ERalpha or ERbeta steady-state protein levels in MCF-7 cells; rather, AnAc 24:1(omega5) inhibited ER-ERE binding in vitro. Virtual screening with the molecular docking software Surflex evaluated AnAc 24:1(omega5) interaction with ERalpha ligand binding (LBD) and DNA binding (DBD) domains in conjunction with experimental validation. Molecular modeling revealed AnAc 24:1(omega5) interaction with the ERalpha DBD but not the LBD. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that AnAc 24:1(omega5) inhibited E(2)-ERalpha interaction with the endogenous pS2 gene promoter region containing an ERE. These data indicate that AnAc 24:1(omega5) inhibits cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis in an ER-dependent manner by reducing ER-DNA interaction and inhibiting ER-mediated transcriptional responses.
Quantification of Sunitinib and N-Desethyl Sunitinib in Human EDTA Plasma by Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2013)

This method has been applied successfully for routine TDM purposes for patients treated with sunitinib. Moreover, reliable results with a rapid turnaround time were obtained when performing a short analytical run containing only 3 calibrators and 1 QC sample.
Measurements to Quantify the Effect of a Reduced Flow Rate on the Performance of a Tilting Pad Journal Bearing With Flooded Ends (2021)

Abstract Operation of tilting pad journal bearings (TPJBs) with a reduced flow decreases pumping costs and oil sump storage. A low supplied oil flow improves system energy efficiency by reducing drag power losses, albeit the temperature rise in both the bearing pads and the lubricating oil become a concern. This paper presents measurements of the static and dynamic load performance of a flooded ends TPJB lubricated with an ISO VG 46 oil supplied at 60 °C, and with a flow rate ranging from 150% to just ∼5% of a nominal supply condition. The flow range covers both over-flooded and starved flow conditions. The test bearing is a four-pad, 102 mm diameter, center pivot, with single orifice feeds, and configured with end seals to flood the bearing housing. The experiments include operation at two shaft speeds = 6 krpm and 12 krpm (= 64 m/s surface speed) and under three specific loads = 0.345 MPa, 1.03 MPa, and 2.07 MPa applied in between pads (LBP). The measurements show the bearing drag power loss decreases by nearly 20% when the flow rate drops to 50% of nominal. However, halving the flow produces a raise in pad subsurface temperatures, ∼7 °C for operation at 12 krpm. Flow reduction below 50% does result in even more substantial power savings; however, it also produces too hot pad temperatures that approach 130 °C, a known limit for Babbitt material safe operation. The bearing static eccentricity (e) and direct stiffnesses Kxx &amp;lt; Kyy (load direction) do not show a significant dependency on the supplied flow, either above or below the nominal condition. A minor stiffness hardening does occur for very low flow conditions, 5% or so of nominal. Damping coefficients (Cxx ∼ Cyy) decrease by ∼30% as the flow rate decreases from 150% to just a few % of the nominal flow. The experimental results are first to quantify the operation of a TPJB supplied with minute amounts of lubricant flow. A test with a very low flow rate at ∼2% of nominal and under a light load produced the emergence of a broadband subsynchronous vibration (SSV) frequency, albeit with a very small amplitude.
Impact of momentum dependent matrix elements on scattering effects in quantum cascade lasers (2008)

Abstract Results for our fully frequency‐ and wavevector‐dependend self‐consistent nonequilibrium Green's function simulations of electron transport through quantum cascade lasers are compared to those from a simplified approach where scattering rates are only evaluated at representative ‘typical values’ of the in‐plane momentum due to the complexity of the underlying many‐body problem and the limited computational resources available. We find a noticeable impact on electronic lineshapes. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
CMOS IC Layout: Concepts, Methodologies, and Tools (1999)

Introduction Background Layout Design Specific Layout Design Flows Advanced Techniques for specialized building block layout design Advanced techniques for Building Block Interconnect Layout Design Layout Design techniques to address Electrical characteristics Layout considerations due to process requirements Layout design techniques in an uncertain environment Layout CAD Tools
Influence of Deformation on Recrystallization of an Yttrium Oxide Dispersion‐Strengthened Iron Alloy (PM2000) (2003)

A two‐fold effect of non‐uniform deformation of the yttria‐strengthened Fe alloy PM2000 has been revealed by analysis of the microstructure: Firstly, recrystallization temperature decreases, in accordance with the hypothesis that anything that makes the original microstructure more heterogeneous will encourage recrystallization; and secondly, the increase in number and density of recrystallization nuclei leads to fine grain structures which are more 3D isotropic.
Miniature Dual-Corona Ionizer for Bipolar Charging of Aerosol (2012)

A corona-based bipolar charger has been developed for use in compact, field-portable mobility size spectrometers. The charger employs an aerosol flow cavity exposed to two corona ionizers producing ions of opposite polarity. Each corona ionizer houses two electrodes in parallel needle-mesh configuration and is operated at the same magnitude of corona current. Experimental measurement of detailed charge distribution of near-monodisperse particles of different diameter in the submicrometer size range showed that the charger is capable of producing well-defined, consistent bipolar charge distributions for flow rates up to 1.5 L/min and aerosol concentration up to 10<sup>7</sup> per cm<sup>3</sup>. For particles with preexisting charge of +1, 0, and -1, the measured charge distributions agreed well with the theoretical distributions within the range of experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The transmission efficiency of the charger was measured to be 80% for 10 nm particles (at 0.3 L/min and 5 <i>μ</i>A corona current) and increased with increasing diameter beyond this size. Measurement of uncharged fractions at various combinations of positive and negative corona currents showed the charger performance to be insensitive to fluctuations in corona current. Ion concentrations under positive and negative unipolar operation were estimated to be 8.2 × 10<sup>7</sup> and 3.37 × 10<sup>8</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> for positive and negative ions; the <i>n</i>·<i>t</i> product value under positive corona operation was independently estimated to be 8.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> s/cm<sup>3</sup>. The ion concentration estimates indicate the charger to be capable of "neutralizing" typical atmospheric and industrial aerosols in most measurement applications. The miniature size, simple and robust operation makes the charger suitable for portable mobility spectrometers.
Investigation of Zinc and Copper Levels in Methimazole-Induced Hypothyroidism: Relation with the Oxidant-Antioxidant Status (2007)

Thyroid hormones are associated with the oxidative and antioxidative status of the organism. Depression of metabolism by hypothyroidism has been reported to decrease oxidant production and thus protect tissues against oxidant damage. The purpose of the present study was to investigate Zn and Cu levels in MMI-induced hypothyroidism and to show whether there is a connection between these trace elements and the oxidant-antioxidant status in experimental hypothyroidism. 3-Nitrotyrosine was measured as a marker of nitro-oxidative stress. In order to examine the antioxidant status of MMI-induced hypothyroidism in rats, GSH and SOD levels were determined as well. Significantly decreased 3-nitrotyrosine, Cu and Zn levels were observed in our experimental model when compared with the controls. On the other hand, GSH and SOD levels remained constant. It may be suggested that Cu and Zn serve as antioxidant molecules and exert their effects in an indirect manner to reduce oxidative stress in experimental hypothyroidism.
Opportunities and Challenges of Wireless Human Sensing for the Smart IoT World: A Survey (2019)

Wireless human sensing plays a crucially important role in the human-computer interaction context, in which human activities and even emotions can be recognized and understood by computers. A batch of academic efforts have been proposed to use wireless techniques such as WiFi, RFID, Bluetooth, Radar, and Zigbee to address the human sensing problem. Each kind of sensing technology has its own characteristics and advantages and thus is suitable for specific application scenarios. For example, WiFi-based solutions can achieve non-intrusive human sensing, and RFID-based solutions can enable individual human sensing for multi-person scenarios. To let users better understand the existing wireless human sensing solutions and choose the most suitable one according to their demands, this article presents a comprehensive survey of the existing wireless human sensing approaches. Specifically, we discuss promising human sensing applications and partition them into three categories: vital sign monitoring, gesture recognition, and activity recognition. For each category of applications, we further conduct a taxonomy of the existing solutions and summarize their ideas, characteristics, pros, and cons from various perspectives, such as design approaches, system configuration, wireless technology, and used information. Finally, we discuss some technical challenges and problems that have not been noticed yet and point out the potential opportunities in the future study of wireless human sensing.
[The effect of bladder filling on changes in ultrasonography parameters of the lower urinary tract in women with urinary stress incontinence]. (2000)

Based on our preliminary results we can state that a bladder filling of 300 ml is not significant for evaluation of UV-junction mobility. Rather the opposite; a higher mobility of UV-junction was observed with an empty bladder. Monitoring of the inner orifice of the urethra with an empty bladder presents a slight problem. To evaluate vesicalisation of the proximal urethra and to confirm insufficiency of the inner sphincter (ISD), a filling in the bladder is necessary. The thickness of the bladder wall is measured with an empty bladder.
Artificial Neural Network Based Automatic Modulation Classification over a Software Defined Radio Testbed (2018)

In this paper, we design and evaluate a practical AMC system that can be readily deployed to provide robust performance in various real-time commercial scenarios. Thus, our main goal is to develop a robust AMC algorithm with low computational complexity for easy implementation and practical deployment. To this end, we utilize recently revitalized machine learning based approaches used for various classification purposes. In our proposed AMC architecture, we first propose various statistics that serve as features of the AMC signals; next, we design an artificial neural network (ANN) based classifier that performs AMC over a wide range of SNRs. We employ Nesterov accelerated adaptive moment (NADAM) estimation technique to improve the classification performance of our ANN. Further, to establish the practical feasibility of our proposed architecture, we implement it on a SDR testbed. The proposed ANN-based classifier is shown to outperforms the hybrid hierarchical AMC (HH-AMC) system and is flexible enough to easily expand the dictionary of modulation formats for other applications.