gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GPS Sounding of the Atmosphere from Low Earth Orbit: Preliminary Results (1996)

This paper provides an overview of the methodology of and describes preliminary results from an experiment called GPS/MET (Global Positioning System/Meteorology), in which temperature soundings are obtained from a low Earth-orbiting satellite using the radio occultation technique. Launched into a circular orbit of about 750-km altitude and 70° inclination on 3 April 1995, a small research satellite, MicroLab 1, carried a laptop-sized radio receiver. Each time this receiver rises and sets relative to the 24 operational GPS satellites, the GPS radio waves transect successive layers of the atmosphere and are bent (refracted) by the atmosphere before they reach the receiver, causing a delay in the dual-frequency carrier phase observations sensed by the receiver. During this occultation, GPS limb sounding measurements are obtained from which vertical profiles of atmospheric refractivity can be computed. The refractivity is a function of pressure, temperature, and water vapor and thus provides information on these variables that has the potential to be useful in weather prediction and weather and climate research. Because of the dependence of refractivity on both temperature and water vapor, it is generally impossible to compute both variables from a refractivity sounding. However, if either temperature or water vapor is known from independent measurements or from model predictions, the other variable may be calculated. In portions of the atmosphere where moisture effects are negligible (typically above 5–7 km), temperature may be estimated directly from refractivity. This paper compares a representative sample of 11 temperature profiles derived from GPS/MET soundings (assuming a dry atmosphere) with nearby radiosonde and high-resolution balloon soundings and the operational gridded analysis of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (formerly the National Meteorological Center). One GPS/MET profile was obtained at a location where a temperature profile from the Halogen Occultation Experiment was available for comparison. These comparisons show that accurate vertical temperature profiles may be obtained using the GPS limb sounding technique from approximately 40 km to about 5–7 km in altitude where moisture effects are negligible. Temperatures in this region usually agree within 2°C with the independent sources of data. The GPS/MET temperature profiles show vertical resolution of about 1 km and resolve the location and minimum temperature of the tropopause very well. Theoretical temperature accuracy is better than 0.5°C at the tropopause, degrading to about 1°C at 40-km altitude. Above 40 km and below 5 km, these preliminary temperature retrievals show difficulties. In the upper atmosphere, the errors result from initial temperature and pressure assumptions in this region and initial ionospheric refraction assumptions. In the lower troposphere, the errors appear to be associated with multipath effects caused by large gradients in refractivity primarily due to water vapor distribution.
GENETIC VARIATION IN THE ENDANGERED SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW FLYCATCHER (2000)

The Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) is an endangered Neotropical migrant that breeds in isolated remnants of dense riparian habitat in the southwestern United States.We estimated genetic variation at 20 breeding sites of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (290 individuals) using 38 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs).Our results suggest that considerable genetic diversity exists within the subspecies and within local breeding sites.Statistical analyses of genetic variation revealed only slight, although significant, differentiation among breeding sites (Mantel's r 0.0705, P 0.0005; 0.0816, 95% CI 0.0608 to 0.1034; ST 0.0458, P 0.001).UPGMA cluster analysis of the AFLP markers indicates that extensive gene flow has occurred among breeding sites.No one site stood out as being genetically unique or isolated.Therefore, the small level of genetic structure that we detected may not be biologically significant.Ongoing field studies are consistent with this conclusion.Of the banded birds that were resighted or recaptured in Arizona during the 1996 to 1998 breeding seasons, one-third moved between breeding sites and two-thirds were philopatric.Low differentiation may be the result of historically high rangewide diversity followed by recent geographic isolation of breeding sites, although observational data indicate that gene flow is a current phenomenon.Our data suggest that breeding groups of E. t. extimus act as a metapopulation.
Interconnect Table Description for Efficient 2.5/3D Design (2023)

growing interconnect technology scales by variety, topology, counts, mandate improved and efficient techniques for their handling. Table based formats proved most robust for this function regardless of the exact geometrical pattern involved. The methodology outlined can support description of any desired geometrical pattern, as well as secondary properties of the interconnects. The secondary properties can be also processed for derived functionality such as interconnect mirroring or associated metal grids.
Report on International Spaceborne Imaging Spectroscopy Technical Committee calibration and validation workshop, national environment research council field spectroscopy facility, University of Edinburgh (2016)

Calibration and validation are fundamental for obtaining quantitative information from Earth Observation (EO) sensor data. Recognising this and the impending launch of at least five sensors in the next five years, the International Spaceborne Imaging Spectroscopy Technical Committee instigated a calibration and validation initiative. A workshop was conducted recently as part of this initiative with the objective of establishing a good practice framework for radiometric and spectral calibration and validation in support of spaceborne imaging spectroscopy missions. This paper presents the outcomes and recommendations for future work arising from the workshop.
Molecular Markers for Early Detection of Renal Carcinoma (2004)

Molecular markers for renal cell carcinoma could guide early detection of localized disease in defined populations at high risk for the disease or early disease recurrence after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. In addition, sensitive and specific markers may provide surrogate end points for clinical trials of treatment and/or disease prevention. Powerful techniques of genomic and proteomic analysis of human renal carcinoma cell lines, tumor samples, and biological fluids, such as plasma and urine, obtained from patients with renal cell carcinoma, are likely to identify candidate markers. Careful selection among early candidate markers and further testing in independent patient populations are required for marker validation.
Lung Transplantation Alters Esophageal Motility and is Associated with Abnormal pH Testing (2010)

Purpose: Accumulating evidence suggests that the aspiration of gastric contents is a causative or additive factor leading to chronic allograft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients. Esophageal dysmotility, particularly ineffective esophageal motility (IEM), has been associated with delayed acid clearance. The coexistence of IEM with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) may place transplant patients at higher risk for aspiration. There are limited published data describing the affect of lung transplantation on esophageal motility. Our aim was to characterize esophageal motility both before and after lung transplantation. We further sought to determine if abnormal post transplant motility was associated with abnormal pH testing. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of all adult patients who underwent lung transplantation at Duke University Medical Center from 1/1/1992 to 10/14/2009. Patients with both pre and post transplant esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH study results available were included in our analysis. Descriptive studies were used for demographic data. McNemar's test was used for paired categorical variables. Results: 245 patients (median age 57 yrs, range 18-77; 57% female) were included. The relationship of pre-transplant manometric diagnosis to post-transplant diagnosis is included (Table 1). Results of pH testing revealed 135 (55%) abnormal pre-transplant studies and 169 (69%) abnormal post-transplant studies (p=0.0004). There was a significant difference between the pre and post transplant diagnosis of IEM (Table 2). Further, 57 of 73 (78%) patients with IEM post transplant had an abnormal pH study, as compared to an abnormal pH study in 112 of 172 (65%) patients without IEM (p<0.0001).Table 1Conclusion: This study suggests that lung transplantation alters esophageal motility. In particular, IEM was significantly more prevalent after transplant and associated with abnormal pH testing. Further studies to determine if abnormal post-transplant motility is related to chronic rejection may provide insights into the pathogenesis of GER related rejection.
Exact maximum likelihood time delay estimation (2003)

The authors present an exact solution to the problem of maximum-likelihood time-delay estimation over arbitrary observation time T. That is, the standard assumption T>> tau /sub c/+d/sub max/ made in the derivation of the asymptotic maximum-likelihood (AML) estimator, where t/sub c/ is the correlation time of the various processes involved and d/sub max/ the maximum permissible delay, is relaxed. The exact maximum-likelihood (EML) processor is shown to consist of a special finite-time beamformer, followed by a scalar postprocessor based on the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of a certain integral equation. The solution of this integral equation is obtained for the case of stationary signals with rational power spectral densities (PSD). The performance of EML and AML are compared by means of computer simulations for a first-order low-pass PSD. The results show that EML can lead to a significant improvement in performances (bias, variance, large errors) when the condition T>> tau /sub c/+d/sub max/ is not satisfied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Semiconductor laser with curved deep-etched distributed Bragg reflectors supporting a planar Gaussian mode (2000)

A compact integration-compatible semiconductor laser supporting a planar Gaussian mode is demonstrated. Curved deep-etched distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR's), contouring the phase front of the Gaussian wave, act as feedback elements. The DBR's are 0.5 microm deep and have two first-order air gaps separated by a third-order semiconductor spacer. Low-threshold current (10 mA) is achieved for a 90-microm-long laser with a waist of 2 microm. Lasing in a planar Gaussian mode is observed up to 1.7 times the threshold current, whereas at higher currents the mode behavior degrades because of spatial hole burning.
Predicting Dynamic Metabolic Demands in the Photosynthetic Eukaryote Chlorella vulgaris (2017)

Phototrophic organisms exhibit a highly dynamic proteome, adapting their biomass composition in response to diurnal light/dark cycles and nutrient availability. Here, we used experimentally determined biomass compositions over the course of growth to determine and constrain the biomass objective function (BOF) in a genome-scale metabolic model of <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> UTEX 395 over time. Changes in the BOF, which encompasses all metabolites necessary to produce biomass, influence the state of the metabolic network thus directly affecting predictions. Simulations using dynamic BOFs predicted distinct proteome demands during heterotrophic or photoautotrophic growth. Model-driven analysis of extracellular nitrogen concentrations and predicted nitrogen uptake rates revealed an intracellular nitrogen pool, which contains 38% of the total nitrogen provided in the medium for photoautotrophic and 13% for heterotrophic growth. Agreement between flux and gene expression trends was determined by statistical comparison. Accordance between predicted flux trends and gene expression trends was found for 65% of multisubunit enzymes and 75% of allosteric reactions. Reactions with the highest agreement between simulations and experimental data were associated with energy metabolism, terpenoid biosynthesis, fatty acids, nucleotides, and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, predicted flux distributions at each time point were compared with gene expression data to gain new insights into intracellular compartmentalization, specifically for transporters. A total of 103 genes related to internal transport reactions were identified and added to the updated model of <i>C. vulgaris</i>, <i>i</i>CZ946, thus increasing our knowledgebase by 10% for this model green alga.
Graft preparation for hemi-Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (hemi-DMEK) (2015)

Preparation of two hemi-DMEK grafts from one single human donor cornea is technically feasible, and the grafts can be stored after preparation in organ-culture similar to standard circular DMEK grafts. Hemi-DMEK may have the potential to double the availability of donor endothelial tissue for DMEK.
HER2 as Biomarker for Endometrial Cancer (2014)

HER2 or ErbB2 is a member of the epidermal growth factor family and is a well-established biomarker that is overexpressed in a wide variety of tumor types including breast, ovarian, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and endometrial cancers. HER2 regulates signaling through several pathways (Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase-B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways) associated with cell survival and proliferation. In endometrial cancer there have been several studies linking the overexpression of HER2 and/or the amplification of the c-erbB2 gene with chemoresistance and overall poor survival. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies targeting HER2 as well as the use of novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the erbB pathway may hold promise for patients harboring these biologically aggressive endometrial neoplasms.
Estimation de la consommation d’eau d’un secteur hydraulique à partir d’un échantillon d’usagers télérelevés (2014)

International audience
Perforation of the Gastrointestinal Tract Secondary to Ingestion of Foreign Bodies (2006)

Ingested FB perforation in the adult population is most commonly secondary to unconscious accidental ingestion and is frequently caused by dietary FBs especially fish bones. A preoperative history of FB ingestion is thus rarely obtained, although wearing dentures is a common risk factor. FB perforations of the stomach, duodenum, and large intestine tend to present with a longer, more innocuous clinical picture than perforations in the jejunum or ileum.
How Can Aldosterone Act as a Mineralocorticoid? (1989)

AbstractThe circulating levels of glucocorticoid hormones are commonly several orders of magnitude higher than those of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone. Paradoxically, cytosol Type I receptors from a variety of tissues, or recombinant-derived human kidney mineralocorticoid receptors, have essentially indistinguishable affinity for aldosterone, corticosterone and cortisol. In vivo, however, though injected corticosterone and aldosterone are equivalently taken up and retained by rat hippocampus or heart, binding of corticosterone is very much lower in classical mineralocorticoid target tissues (kidney, parotid, colon). The genesis of this aldosterone-selectivity in vivo appears to be the expression, in physiologic mineralocorticoid target tissues, of the microsomal enzyme 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βOHSD). Whereas cortisol and corticosterone have affinity for Type I receptors equivalent to
Docking Ligands into Flexible and Solvated Macromolecules. 8. Forming New Bonds – Challenges and Opportunities. (2021)

Over the years, structure-based design programs and specifically docking small molecules to proteins have become prominent in drug discovery. However, many of these computational tools have been developed to primarily dock enzyme inhibitors (and ligand to other protein classes) relying heavily on hydrogen bonds, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. In reality, many drug targets either feature metal ions, can be targeted covalently, or are simply not even proteins (e.g., nucleic acids). Herein, we describe several new features that we have implemented into FITTED to broaden its applicability to a wide range of covalent enzyme inhibitors, and to metalloenzymes, where metal coordination is essential for drug binding. We also report new datasets that were essential demonstrate areas of success and those where additional efforts are required. This resource could be used by other program developers to assess their own
D-Arabinose Methabolism: Characterization of Bifunctional Arabinokinase/ Pyrophosphorylase of Leishmania major (2009)

In this work we describe an unusual enzyme from Leishmania major (Arabinokinase/Pyrophosphorylase) that catalyzes the synthesis of GDP-D-arabinopyranose (GDP-D-Arap) via a D-arabinose-1-phosphate intermediate in the presence of ATP and GTP. Our data indicate GDP-D-Arap transport in vivo by the LPG2 multispecific nucleotide sugar transporter into the Leishmania Golgi apparatus, in which it can be used by glycosyltransferases as a donor substrate for glycosylation.
Thrombus regression in deep venous thrombosis. Quantification of spontaneous thrombolysis with duplex scanning. (1992)

Duplex scanning is an important noninvasive tool to quantify thrombus regression in acute deep venous thrombosis in detail without unnecessary discomfort to the patient.
Graphene oxide/polysulfone hollow fiber mixed matrix membranes for gas separation (2016)

The application of graphene oxide as a nano-filler in polysulfone asymmetric hollow fiber mixed matrix membranes for CO<sub>2</sub> removal.
Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire (2012)

Presentation of the Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire has become an annual "tradition" at the meetings of the American Society of Nephrology. It is a very popular session judged by consistently large attendance. Members of the audience test their knowledge and judgment on a series of case-oriented questions prepared and discussed by experts. They can also compare their answers in real time, using audience response devices, with those of program directors of nephrology training programs in the United States, acquired through an Internet-based questionnaire. Topics presented here include fluid and electrolyte disorders, transplantation, and ESRD and dialysis. Cases representing each of these categories along with single best answer questions were prepared by a panel of experts (Drs. Palmer, Hricik, and Golper, respectively). After the audience responses, the "correct" and "incorrect" answers then were briefly discussed and the results of the questionnaire were displayed. This article aims to recapitulate the session and reproduce its educational value for a larger audience-readers of the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. Have fun.
Cytotoxicity and Cancer Detection Ability of the Luminescent Nanoporous Silica Spheres Immobilized with Folic Acid Derivative (2012)

Luminescent europium(III)-doped nanoporous silica spheres (Eu:NPS) were synthesized, and folic acid derivative (FA: folate N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester) as targeting ligand for cancer cells was immobilized on the sphere through a mediation of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The ordered nanopores were preserved with the immobilization. The surface area decreased only with the APTES immobilization, suggesting that the FA was immobilized only on the outer surface of the nanopores. The photoluminescence of the spheres showed the characteristic peak due to interactions between the FA and Eu 3+ , and further the luminescence can be clearly detected by a fluorescent microscopy. The spheres were highly dispersed stability in cell culture medium to exhibit the nontoxic in the proliferation stage of Hela cancer cells and NIH3T3 fibroblasts, and specifically bindto the Hela cells. The binding and uptake spheres showed the intense luminescence. Thus, the luminescent FA-immobilized Eu:NPS spheres will exhibit the targeting and imaging abilities for cancer cells.
The directed ortho metalation - palladium catalyzed cross coupling connection. A general regiospecific route to 9-phenanthrols and phenanthrenes. Exploratory further metalation (2000)

A new general and regiospecific synthesis of 9-phenanthrols (1 +2 [Formula: see text] 3 [Formula: see text] 4, Scheme 1, Table 1) proceeding by a Directed ortho Metalation (DoM), Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling, and a new LDA-mediated Directed remote Metalation sequence is described. The facile Pd-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of the phenanthrols 4 into the corresponding phenanthrenes 5 via their triflates 18 translates the original DoM regioselectivity also into a general synthesis of phenanthrenes (Table 2). Further DoM (19 [Formula: see text]20, 21; 24 [Formula: see text]25), cross coupling (20c [Formula: see text]23), as well as oxidation - ring contraction (4b, 4f [Formula: see text]28a, 28b) chemistry of phenanthrene derivatives is reported.Key words: 9-phenanthrols, directed ortho metalation, Suzuki cross coupling, synthesis.
Application of a Property of the Airy Function to Fiber Optics (Short Papers) (1975)

The integral of the square of the Airy function from one of its zeros to infinity is equal to the square of the first derivative of the Airy function at the zero considered. Two important applications of this result to fiber optics are discussed.
Tissue Anisotropy Examined Using the Acoustic Microscope (1981)

Many biological soft tissues are known to be anisotropic, yet little has previously been done to quantify the propagation of ultrasound in terms of an anisotropic model. Such a model should better describe sound propagation in such materials while, at the same time, making it possible to extract more information. An approach has been developed in which a least-squares algorithm is used to apply linear anisotropic elastic models to acoustic velocity data obtained by interrogating specimens from a variety of directions. The acoustic microscope serves as a particularly useful device for the collection of data, due to the relative ease with which specimens can be manipulated. Seven frog sartorius muscles have been studied u sing the anisotropic elastic methodology. These specimens have demonstrated the practicality of the approach and the benefits which can be obtained.