gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oracle SQL high-performance tuning (1997)

(NOTE: Each chapter begins with an Introduction and concludes with a Chapter Summary.) Introduction I. THE THEORY OF SQL TUNING. 1. Introduction to SQL Tuning. Why Tune SQL? The SQL Tuning Process. 2. Review of SQL. History of SQL. Types of SQL Statements. Query Operations. Views. NULLs and Three-valued Logic. Transactions. Oracle Extensions to the ANSI Standard. Some Comments on the SQL Non-Procedural Approach. 3. SQL Processing. Overview of SQL Processing. Parsing. Executing SQL. Query Optimization. 4. Principles of Indexing and Clustering. The B*-Tree Index. Index Clusters. Hash Clusters. Bitmapped Indexes. Index Only Tables. 5. Tracing Oracle SQL. EXPLAIN PLAN. Using SQL Trace. Using the AUTOTRACE Facility in SQL*PLUS. II. PRACTICAL SQL TUNING 6. Tuning Table Access. Full Table Scans and Index Lookups. Alternatives to Full Table Scans. Optimizing Index Lookups. Optimizing Table Scans. Using Hints to Influence an Access Path. 7. Optimizing Joins and Subqueries. Choosing the Best Join Method. Choosing the Best Join Order. Optimizing Joins with Index Clusters. Outer Joins. Star Joins. Hierarchical Queries. Simple Subqueries. Subqueries Involving the IN Operator. Correlated Subqueries. 8. Optimizing Sorting and Grouping. Sort Operations. Aggregate Operations. Set Operations. Intersect. Minus. 9. Optimizing Data Manipulation Statements. Optimizing Individual DML Statements. Optimizing Transactions. Other DML Performance Issues. Locking. 10. Using and Tuning PL/SQL. Performance Characteristics of PL/SQL. USING PL/SQL in Place of StandardA SQL. Optimizing PL/SQL. 11. Miscellaneous Topics. Optimizing Views. Using Snapshots. Distributed SQL. Sequences. Using Decode. Data Definition Language. 12. Parallel SQL. Understanding Parallel SQL. Parallel Query Option. Examples of Parallel Queries. Parallel DDL and DML. 13. SQL Tuning Case Studies. Case Study 1: Using Concatenated Indexes. Case Study 2: The Rule Based Optimizer, Index Merges and Bind Variables. Case Study 3: The Slowly Degrading Query. Case Study 4: A Number Range Lookup. Case Study 5: The First Rows Approach. III. BEYOND SQL TUNING. 14. Data Model and Application Design. Building Tuning into the Design Process. Designing an Efficient Physical Data Model. Application Design. 15. Building A High-Performance Oracle Database Server. A Review of the Oracle Architecture. Sizing the Host Computer. Building the Oracle Database. 16. Tuning the Database Server. Evaluating Operating System Performance. Recognizing Oracle Database Bottlenecks. Appendix A : Reference. Appendix B: Glossary. Appendix C: Configuring Development Tools. Appendix D: Oracle Server Configuration. Appendix E: Differences Between Oracle Versions. Appendix F: Bibliography and Resources. Appendix G: Contents of the CD-ROM. Index.
Methane for Transportation Fuel and Chemical Production (2012)

Methane is the main component of natural gas. Natural gas is an important energy carrier for distributed heating and transportation applications and it is the most efficient carbon source for the production of synthesis gas (H2+CO). The value of natural gas lies in its high H:C ratio, low heteroatom content and fluid nature. Sustainability is best served by restricting the use of methane for distributed and mobile energy applications, where the clean-up of combustion gases is impractical or infeasible, and also for the synthesis of hydrogen-rich products. For the production of fuels and chemicals, both direct methods, such as liquefied natural gas, and indirect methods, such as methanol and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, are considered. Guidelines for sustainability as applied to gas-to-liquids conversion are provided. The processes and the refining requirements to produce on-specification transportation fuels are discussed. The processes for petrochemical and lubricant production from methane are likewise discussed.
Cell adhesion modeling: effect of leukocyte rheology (2003)

Adhesion of leukocytes to the blood vessel is a critical event in inflammation and plays an important role in the immune system. Understanding the adhesion and rheological behavior of leukocytes is essential not only for the comprehension of microcirculation but also for understanding their function in health and disease. Several models have been proposed but do not combine molecular and cellular information. A multi-scale computation approach for studying the effect of leukocyte rheology on the adhesion process is presented in this paper. At the cellular level, a continuum model satisfying the momentum and mass continuity equations is used. At the receptor-ligand, a bond is mechanically represented by a spring. Communication between the macro- and micro-scale model is performed during the computation. To assess the role of the nucleus, the cell is first modeled as a liquid drop and then as compound drop. We found that cell viscosity and interfacial tension have both profound effects on the cellular adhesion.
The Amino Acid Exchange R28E in Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) Abrogates Interleukin-6 Receptor-dependent but Retains CNTF Receptor-dependent Signaling via Glycoprotein 130 (gp130)/Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor (LIFR) (2014)

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a neurotrophic factor with therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, therapeutic application of CNTF reduced body weight in mice and humans. CNTF binds to high or low affinity receptor complexes consisting of CNTFR·gp130·LIFR or IL-6R·gp130·LIFR, respectively. Clinical studies of the CNTF derivative Axokine revealed intolerance at higher concentrations, which may rely on the low-affinity binding of CNTF to the IL-6R. Here, we aimed to generate a CNTFR-selective CNTF variant (CV). CV-1 contained the single amino acid exchange R28E. Arg(28) is in close proximity to the CNTFR binding site. Using molecular modeling, we hypothesized that Arg(28) might contribute to IL-6R/CNTFR plasticity of CNTF. CV-2 to CV-5 were generated by transferring parts of the CNTFR-binding site from cardiotrophin-like cytokine to CNTF. Cardiotrophin-like cytokine selectively signals via the CNTFR·gp130·LIFR complex, albeit with a much lower affinity compared with CNTF. As shown by immunoprecipitation, all CNTF variants retained the ability to bind to CNTFR. CV-1, CV-2, and CV-5, however, lost the ability to bind to IL-6R. Although all variants induced cytokine-dependent cellular proliferation and STAT3 phosphorylation via CNTFR·gp130·LIFR, only CV-3 induced STAT3 phosphorylation via IL-6R·gp130·LIFR. Quantification of CNTF-dependent proliferation of CNTFR·gp130·LIFR expressing cells indicated that only CV-1 was as biologically active as CNTF. Thus, the CNTFR-selective CV-1 will allow discriminating between CNTFR- and IL-6R-mediated effects in vivo.
Gαs, adenylyl cyclase, and their relationship to the diagnosis and treatment of depression (2022)

The relationship between depression, its etiology and therapy, and the cAMP signaling system have been studies for decades. This review will focus on cAMP, G proteins and adenylyl cyclase and depression or antidepressant action. Both human and animal studies are compared and contrasted. It is concluded that there is some synteny in the findings that cAMP signaling is attenuated in depression and that this is reversed by successful antidepressant therapy. The G protein that activates adenylyl cyclase, Gα<sub>s</sub>, appears to have diminished access to adenylyl cyclase in depression, and this is rectified by successful antidepressant treatment. Unfortunately, attempts to link specific isoforms of adenylyl cyclase to depression or antidepressant action suffer from discontinuity between human and animal studies.
Anti-obesity effects of hot water extract from Wasabi (Wasabia japonica Matsum.) leaves in mice fed high-fat diets (2013)

The anti-obesity effects of a hot water extract from wasabi (Wasabia japonica Matsum.) leaves (WLE), without its specific pungent constituents, such as allyl-isothiocyanate, were investigated in high fat-diet induced mice. C57J/BL mice were fed a high-fat diet (control group) or a high-fat diet supplemented with 5% WLE (WLE group). Physical parameters and blood profiles were determined. Gene expression associated with lipid metabolism in liver and white adipose tissue were analyzed. After 120 days of feeding, significantly lower body weight gain, liver weight and epididymal white adipose tissue weight was observed in the WLE group compared to the control group. In liver gene expression within the WLE group, PPARα was significantly enhanced and SREBP-1c was significantly suppressed. Subsequent downstream genes controlled by these regulators were significantly suppressed. In epididymal white adipose tissue of the WLE group, expression of leptin, PPARγ, and C/EBPα were significantly suppressed and adiponectin was significantly enhanced. Acox, related to fatty acid oxidization in adipocytes, was also enhanced. Our results demonstrate that the WLE dietary supplement induces mild suppression of obesity in a high-fat diet induced mice, possibly due to suppression of lipid accumulation in liver and white adipose tissue.
Studies on Pharmacological Action of Salicylic Acid Derivatives. (1966)

A series of salicylic acid derivatives and allied compounds, synthesized in order to lower the toxicity, increase the pharmacologica1 activity, and increase the solubility, were tested for toxicity and analgesic activity. N, N-Dimethyl-2-(o-methoxybenzamido)-acetamide and few other compounds were found to satisfy these objectives.
Modified electrometer for constant current I–V measurements (1980)

A simple circuit is described which when added to a commercial KEITHLEY electrometer (Model 610C) enables the instrument to be used for carrying out current–voltage measurements with any known and constant current, in the range 10−12–10−5 A, passing through a specimen and with up to 100 V dropped across it.
The Anaerobic SBR Process: Basic Principles for Design and Automation (2016)

This study has determined the purification performance and the basic principles for the design of an anaerobic SBR (ASBR) to be used to treat wastewater generated in the food industries. Two ASBR's were set up and one fed with a slaughterhouse effluent at low concentration, the other with concentrated dairy wastewater. The maximum loading rate applied should not exceed 4.5 g of COD/L/day for the dilute effluent and 6 g of COD/L/day for the concentrated effluent. At higher loading rates, the reactors become difficult to operate, mainly because of sludge removal problems, and purification efficiency declines. A detailed study of the kinetics (TOC, VFA, rate of biogas production) throughout one treatment cycle led to the development of a simple control strategy based on the monitoring of the biogas production rate which was then applied to the reactor treating the dairy wastewater. After automation, the reactor worked free of problems at an average pollution load of 5.4 g of COD/L/day.
Analysis of paging in distributed architectures for 4G systems (2007)

As 3G wireless systems evolve towards 4G, various wireless network technology organizations looking at network architectures for 4G are considering a redesign of the network away from the traditional centralized, hierarchical design towards a more distributed operation of network functions. In this paper, we present some mechanisms for distributed operation of paging in 4G systems. Our focus is on highlighting the tradeoffs that drive the design choice of whether to centralize or distribute the paging operation. One such tradeoff arises from considerations of service reliability and availability. We present a distributed redundancy scheme for improving the reliability and availability for distributed paging. We analyze the fraction of time that mobiles remain reachable through paging (i.e. the paging service availability) in idle mode in the presence of base station and backhaul failures.
Probenazole induces systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis with a novel type of action (2001)

Probenazole (PBZ; 3-allyloxy-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide), which is the active ingredient in Oryzemate, has been used widely in Asia to protect rice plants against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. To study PBZ's mode of action, we analyzed its ability, as well as that of its active metabolite 1, 2-benzisothiazol-3 (2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (BIT) to induce defense gene expression and resistance in Arabidopsis mutants that are defective in various defense signaling pathways. Wild-type Arabidopsis treated with PBZ or BIT exhibited increased expression of several pathogenesis-related genes, increased levels of total salicylic acid (SA), and enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC 3000 and the oomycete pathogen Peronospora parasitica Emco5. The role of several defense signaling hormones, such as SA, ethylene and jasmonic acid (JA), in activating resistance following PBZ or BIT treatment was analyzed using NahG transgenic plants and etr1-1 and coi1-1 mutant plants, respectively. In addition, the involvement of NPR1, a key component in the SA signaling pathway leading to defense responses, was assessed. PBZ or BIT treatment did not induce disease resistance or PR-1 expression in NahG transgenic or npr1 mutant plants, but it did activate these phenomena in etr1-1 and coi 1-1 mutant plants. Thus SA and NPR1 appear to be required for PBZ- and BIT-mediated activation of defense responses, while ethylene and JA are not. Furthermore, our data suggest that PBZ and BIT comprise a novel class of defense activators that stimulate the SA/NPR1-mediated defense signaling pathway upstream of SA.
Time to remission of proteinuria and incidence of relapse in patients with steroid-sensitive minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: the Japan Nephrotic Syndrome Cohort Study (2022)

The time to remission was identified as a significant predictor of relapse in steroid-sensitive patients.
Effects of context, complexity, and clustering on evaluation for math\n formula retrieval (2021)

There are now several test collections for the formula retrieval task, in\nwhich a system's goal is to identify useful mathematical formulae to show in\nresponse to a query posed as a formula. These test collections differ in query\nformat, query complexity, number of queries, content source, and relevance\ndefinition. Comparisons among six formula retrieval test collections illustrate\nthat defining relevance based on query and/or document context can be\nconsequential, that system results vary markedly with formula complexity, and\nthat judging relevance after clustering formulas with identical symbol layouts\n(i.e., Symbol Layout Trees) can affect system preference ordering.\n
GaN nanowire tip for high aspect ratio nano-scale AFM metrology(Conference Presentation) (2016)

In this study we introduce Gallium Nitride (GaN) nanowire (NW) as high aspect ratio tip with excellent durability for nano-scale metrology. GaN NWs have superior mechanical property and young modulus compare to commercial Si and Carbon tips which results in having less bending issue during measurement. The GaN NWs are prepared via two different methods: i) Catalyst-free selected area growth, using Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD), ii) top-down approach by employing Au nanoparticles as the mask material in dry-etch process. To achieve small diameter tips, the semipolar planes of the NWs grown by MOCVD are etched using AZ400k. The diameter of the NWs fabricated using the top down process is controlled by using different size of nanoparticles and by Inductively Coupled Plasma etching. NWs with various diameters were manipulated on Si cantilevers using Focus Ion Beam (FIB) to make tips for AFM measurement. A Si (110) substrate containing nano-scale grooves with vertical 900 walls were used as a sample for inspection. AFM measurements were carried out in tapping modes for both types of nanowires (top-down and bottom-up grown nanowires) and results are compared with conventional Si and carbon nanotube tips. It is shown our fabricated tips are robust and have improved edge resolution over conventional Si tips. GaN tips made with NW’s fabricated using our top down method are also shown to retain the gold nanoparticle at tip, which showed enhanced field effects in Raman spectroscopy.
Intravesical Nitric Oxide Delivery for Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (2005)

The use of indwelling urinary catheters is a major risk factor for urinary tract infection; and despite the availability of numerous preventive regimens, this condition is still extremely common. In earlier studies we have demonstrated the inhibitory effects of nitrite and ascorbic acid on bacterial growth in urine. When combined, these compounds generate antibacterial reactive nitrogen species, including the gas nitric oxide. We have now tested in a laboratory model of the urinary bladder whether filling of the catheter retention balloon with nitrite and ascorbic acid would generate measurable amounts of NO outside the membrane and whether this would affect bacterial growth in the surrounding urine. Two strains of Escherichia coli, one strain isolated from a patient (U1106024) and one reference strain (ATCC 25922), were tested. Nitric oxide gas was generated in the silicone balloon and readily diffused into the urine. When control catheters with ascorbic acid but without nitrite were used, bacterial counts increased from 9.0 x 10(5) to 2.0 x10(8) CFU/ml (strain U1106024) and from 2.5 x 10(6) to 2.7 x 10(8) CFU/ml (strain ATCC 25922) after 24 h. In contrast, in test catheters with ascorbic acid and nitrite, both strains tested were effectively killed. The NO donor {DETA NONOate, (Z)-1-[N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate} also showed antibacterial activity in the same model, thereby supporting a central role of NO in achieving the observed effects. Future clinical trials will reveal whether this novel approach for the intravesical delivery of an antibacterial gas could be used to prevent catheter-associated infections.
Detection and quantification of tetracyclines by whole cell biosensors (2000)

Three different mini-Tn5 plasmids, containing a tetracycline-inducible promoter, Ptet and a regulatory gene, tetR, in operon fusions with a reporter gene system (lacZYA, luxCDABE or gfp), were constructed. These biosensor constructs responded to low levels of tetracyclines by producing beta-galactosidase, light or green fluorescent protein. They did so in a quantitative manner, thus enabling the quantification of tetracyclines in the immediate surroundings of the biosensor organism. All three constructs were transferred successfully to different gram-negative bacteria by conjugation. An Escherichia coli strain containing the Ptet-lac construct was used to determine oxytetracycline in milk as a demonstration of the application of these biosensors.
Synthesis and Inhibition of Human Leucocyte Elastase by Functionalized N-Aryl Azetidin-2-ones: Effect of Different Substituents on the Aromatic Ring (1996)

N-aryl-3,3-difluoroazetidin-2-ones featured by a latent electrophilic methylene quinoniminium function have been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of human leucocyte elastase. To promote hydrophobic interactions with the enzyme, to increase the rates of beta-lactam ring opening and of benzylic group departure, or to induce hydrosolubility, these compounds incorporate on their aromatic ring either an alkyl moiety, a methoxy substituent or a carboxylic group. Some of these beta-lactams proved to be good inactivators of human leucocyte elastase.
“Scrub the Hub” (2011)

This article reports the results of a study on the effect of alcohol disinfection duration on bacterial load on catheter hubs. Three different levels of disinfection (3, 10, and 15 seconds) were analyzed as well as a positive and negative control. All hubs with the exception of the negative controls were contaminated with a 10 bacterial solution and allowed to dry for 24 hours. Through each hub, 1 mL of sterile saline was flushed; a 10-μL calibrated loop was used to plate the flush onto blood agar. Colony counts were performed on the plates after a 24-hour incubation period. Results revealed that the 3 different levels of disinfection duration were not found to differ significantly in reduction in bacterial load. The duration of disinfection did not significantly change the bacterial load on the hub. However, any disinfection duration significantly decreased the bacterial load as compared to the positive control. A larger study would likely detect a significant result among the disinfections.
Are Exposure and Ecological Risks of PAHs Underestimated at Petroleum Contaminated Sites? (2003)

Abstract Ecological risk assessments conducted under the provisions of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) typically rely on either U.S. Environmental Protection (USEPA) priority pollutant or Appendix IX analyte lists. These methods quantify only a limited subset of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromatics found in oil and oil process wastes. Advances in analytical chemistry and petroleum fingerprinting techniques now show that the alkylated PAHs found in petroleum are more abundant and more persistent than the non-alkylated PAHs quantified by the traditional analytical methods applied in ecological risk assessments. We performed a screening level evaluation using case studies of PAH contamination from petroleum releases in a lake receiving refinery wastes and intertidal sediments exposed to spilled oil to assess the magnitude of underestimation of risks to benthic invertebrates and wildlife. Risks were assessed using a probabilistic approach and demonstrated that traditional analytical chemistry approaches applied at RCRA and CERCLA sites will underestimate exposure and risks of petrogenic PAHs contaminating aquatic systems. This analysis also shows that the numerical correction factor that has been proposed to account for ‘unmeasured’ alkylated PAHs can also result in a substantial underestimation of PAH risks from petroleum releases Keywords: ecological risk assessmentPAHsoilwildlifesediment
Release Behavior of Tetracycline from Calcium Phosphate Glass Bone Cement (2009)

골 시멘트 자체 기능 외의 특성을 가질 수 있도록 하는 새로운 조성의 비정질 칼슘 포스페이트 분말을 개발하였다. 이 분말로 만든 골 시멘트에서의 테트라사이클린 방출 거동은 두 가지 항생제 담지 방법으로 비교하였고, 이 전 논문에서 이미 입증된 조성의 브러샤이트계 시멘트와도 비교하였다. 첫 번째 담지 방법은 시편의 마이크로 기공에 의해 발생하는 삼투압 현상으로 항생제 약물에 시편을 담그어 담지시키는 방법이고, 다른 방법은 분말과 항생제를 용해시킨 액상을 섞는 방법이다. 비정질 칼슘 포스페이트 분말은 유리 제조의 전형적인 방법인 용해 후 급냉시키는 방법을 이용하여 얻은 비정질 칼슘 포스페이트 유리를 갈아서 얻었다. 시멘트 페이스트를 섞을 때 중합열이 없기 때문에, 우리는 테트라사이클린의 변성없이 골 시멘트 시편을 만들 수 있었다. 골 시멘트로부터의 테트라사이클린 방출 시험은 6일 간 진행되었고, 그 결과 첫 번째 항생제 담지 방법으로 만든 시편보다 두 번째 방법으로 만든 시편으로부터 테트라시이클린 방출이 더욱 지속적으로 나타났다. 또한 항생제 담지에 따른 물리적 성질의 변화를 고려하여 압축강도 시험을 하였다. 그 결과 테트라 사이클린을 담지한 시편과 그렇지 않은 시편과의 통계학적 유의차는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이런 결과를 토대로 새로운 조성의 비정질 칼슘 포스페이트 시멘트는 다른 재료의 골 이식재처럼 생물학적 인자 혹은 약물 전달 시스템에 있어서 충분한 가능성이 있다고 판단된다.
3-Layer Stacking Technology with Pixel-Wise Interconnections for Image Sensors Using Hybrid Bonding of Silicon-on-Insulator Wafers Mediated by Thin Si Layers (2022)

We report a 3-layer stacking technology with pixel-wise interconnections suitable for image sensors. Au/SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> hybrid bonding of silicon-on-insulator wafers allows face-to-back as well as face-to-face bonding for multilayer stacking with pixel-wise interconnections. Thin Si layer is introduced as a bonding medium to enhance bonding strength. We have developed 3-layer stacked wafers without delamination thanks to adhesive thin Si layers with 3-layered pixel-parallel image sensors aligned at accuracy of 1 μm or better.