gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The differentiation and survival of murine neurons in vitro is promoted by soluble factors produced by an astrocytic cell line (1993)

The influence of accessory cells on the generation of neurons and neuronal survival has been studied in vitro using an immortalised, cloned cell line, Ast-1, which has many of the functional and phenotypic characteristics of cells of the astrocytic lineage. It was found that monolayers of Ast-1 cells were equivalent to monolayers of primary astrocytes in their ability to promote the generation of neurofilament positive neurons from neuroepithelial cells obtained from embryonic day 10 (E10) mice; and both were superior to NIH 3T3 cells. Ast-1 cell monolayers were also found to provide a suitable substrate for the prolonged survival (at least 3 days in vitro) of neurofilament positive neurons obtained from E17 mice, whereas neurons plated onto NIH 3T3 cells were all dead after 2 days. Medium conditioned by Ast-1 cells displayed similar biological activities to that of the monolayers: it increased the number of neurons generated from the E10 neuroepithelial cells, whether they were plated directly onto glass coverslips or onto monolayers of NIH 3T3 cells; and it increased the survival of E17 neurons plated directly onto glass coverslips. In addition, the Ast-1 conditioned medium was shown to promote the survival of the neuroepithelial cells. These results confirm that one of the mechanisms by which astrocytes or their precursors may regulate neuronal development is by secreting soluble growth factors, as has been previously documented in the case of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) (Hatten et al., 1988; Drago et al., 1991a). However, it appears in this system that FGF is not responsible for the demonstrated biological activities, and the Ast-1 action appears to be mediated by putatively novel factor(s).
Galvanic Behavior of Aluminized Steel Type 2 with Coating Breaks in Waters of Varying Scaling Tendencies (2008)

Abstract Aluminized steel Type 2 is produced as a carbon steel sheet hot dip coated on both sides with commercially pure aluminum, forming a layered Al/Al-Fe coating that provides corrosion protection through low corrosion rates of the sound outer aluminum when it is passive. However, if the aluminized coating is partially disrupted exposing the underlying steel, accelerated damage by galvanic corrosion of the aluminized coating and/or the exposed steel may take place. To examine this condition, the impedance behavior of aluminized steel Type 2 with coating breaks of various sizes was studied in waters of controlled varying scaling tendencies containing different amounts of Ca+2, HCO3-, and Cl− ions at room temperature. Initial findings show accelerated corrosion at the exposed steel in mild solutions early in the test, indicative of poor galvanic protection by the coating. However, enhanced galvanic protection by the surrounding aluminized coating was noted later on in the test. Impedance measurements confirmed that corrosion of the aluminized coating was in progress then, resulting in larger protective currents.
Targeted modification of plant genomes for precision crop breeding (2016)

The development of gene targeting and gene editing techniques based on programmable site-directed nucleases (SDNs) has increased the precision of genome modification and made the outcomes more predictable and controllable. These approaches have achieved rapid advances in plant biotechnology, particularly the development of improved crop varieties. Here, we review the range of alterations which have already been implemented in plant genomes, and summarize the reported efficiencies of precise genome modification. Many crop varieties are being developed using SDN technologies and although their regulatory status in the USA is clear there is still a decision pending in the EU. DNA-free genome editing strategies are briefly discussed because they also present a unique regulatory challenge. The potential applications of genome editing in plant breeding and crop improvement are highlighted by drawing examples from the recent literature.
Simulation of the micromagnetic behavior of arrays of interacting nanoelements (2002)

In this work we investigate the behavior of small arrays of interacting permalloy particles at the submicron level. Each individual particle is termed a nanoelement and is rectangular in form with varying elongation. The interest in such structures of magnetic material is increasing, due mainly to the possible potential use in future high-density magnetic storage media applications. To carry out our investigations we have developed a dynamical micromagnetic model based on the use of the finite element method. For our results we investigate the effects of misaligned and aligned anisotropy distributions on arrays with varying size and space of nanoelement. We observe that the reversal mechanism of the arrays is very sensitive to the disorder of the intrinsic material properties. In the case of aligned uniaxial anisotropy a highly symmetric cooperative switching mechanism is observed. The larger anisotropy has the effect of stabilizing states during the reversal process, leading to distinctive switching along the hysteresis curve. A random anisotropy breaks this high symmetry sufficiently to reduce the cooperative switching, leading to a relatively random reversal of individual nanoelements.
Single particle-hole approximation to two-particle green function for ethylene (2009)

Self-consistent calculations for finding the particle-hole Green function for a two-site (ethylene) Hubbard model are discussed.
An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 3-Arylpyrroles (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTAn Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 3-ArylpyrrolesNeville P. Pavri and Mark L. TrudellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 26, 9388Publication Date (Web):December 26, 1997Publication History Published online26 December 1997Published inissue 1 December 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9740150https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9740150correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views418Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Is microrheometry affected by channel deformation? (2016)

Microrheometry is very important for exploring rheological behaviours of several systems when conventional techniques fail. Microrheometrical measurements are usually carried out in microfluidic devices made of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Although PDMS is a very cheap material, it is also very easy to deform. In particular, a liquid flowing in a PDMS device, in some circumstances, can effectively deform the microchannel, thus altering the flow conditions. The measure of the fluid relaxation time might be performed through viscoelasticity induced particle migration in microfluidics devices. If the channel walls are deformed by the flow, the resulting measured value of the relaxation time could be not reliable. In this work, we study the effect of channel deformation on particle migration in square-shaped microchannel. Experiments are carried out in several PolyEthylene Oxyde solutions flowing in two devices made of PDMS and Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA). The relevance of wall rigidity on particle migration is investigated, and the corresponding importance of wall rigidity on the determination of the relaxation time of the suspending liquid is examined.
Direct quantitative in vivo comparison of calcified atherosclerotic plaque on vascular MRI and CT by multimodality image registration (2006)

Software co-registration allowed precise, direct, and voxel-based comparison of calcified atherosclerotic plaque lesions imaged by MRI and CT. In comparison with co-registered MRI, overestimation of calcified plaque in aortic CT due to "blooming" correlates with the average lesion density for small plaques, and is greater for small plaques.
Development of surface antigen during maturation of bone marrow neutrophil granulocytes. (1978)

The presence of neutrophil surface antigens on maturing bone marrow granulocytes was examined by indirect immunofluorescence and cellular immunoadsorption using heterologous antibody to mature neutrophil granulocytes. The results show that bone marrow neutrophils possess surface antigens that appear during cell maturation from myeloblasts. Fluorescent antibody capping and patching, indicators of antigen mobility, were more pronounced in mature than in immature cells. Neutrophil surface antigen development could also be demonstrated during granulocyte maturation in vitro.
Termination of A Half-Width Leaky-Wave Antenna (Preprint) (2006)

Leaky-wave antennas offer the potential for a wide operational bandwidth from a very thin antenna. Recently, a leaky-wave antenna that is half the usual width of a planar microstrip leaky-wave antenna was proposed. One of the major advantages of this design is that it requires only a single, rather simple, feed mechanism. To maintain the full potential bandwidth of that antenna, an appropriate termination is required. In this paper, a termination scheme is proposed and validated using a finite element-boundary integral model. In addition, a dual half-width antenna is shown to allow greater flexibility as compared to traditional microstrip leaky-wave antennas.
Ex vivo expansion of megakaryocyte precursors from umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells in a closed liquid culture system (2003)

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) provides a rich source of stem cells for transplantation after myeloablative therapy. One major disadvantage of UCB transplantation is delayed platelet engraftment. We propose to hasten platelet engraftment by expanding the number of megakaryocyte (MK) precursors (CD34/CD41 cells) through cytokine stimulation within a closed, pre-clinical liquid culture system. Clinical engraftment data suggest a 5- to 10-fold increase in MK precursors in a UCB unit can accelerate platelet engraftment, so this was our goal. Thirteen UCB samples from full-term births were Ficoll-separated and frozen for subsequent use. On thawing, the mononuclear cell population was positively selected for CD34(+) expression. The cells were cultured in gas-permeable Teflon-coated bags in serum-free medium containing the following cytokines: recombinant human interleukin-3, recombinant human Flt3 ligand, recombinant human stem cell factor, and recombinant human thrombopoietin. MK lineage cell expansion was assessed using mononuclear cell count and flow cytometry (CD34/41, CD41, CD34/61, and CD61 expression) on days 7, 11, and 14. Optimal expansion of CD34/41 and CD41 cells was observed at day 11, with a median 6-fold and 33-fold increase in the starting cell doses, respectively. CD34/61 and CD61 cell expansion at day 11 was 7-fold and 14-fold, respectively. MK precursors can be successfully expanded from CD34(+) UCB cells in a closed liquid culture system using interleukin-3, recombinant human Flt3 ligand, recombinant human stem cell factor, and recombinant human thrombopoietin to a level that should have a clinical impact in the transplantation setting. Our ex vivo expansion technique needs to be further optimized before it can be used in a pilot UCB transplantation trial.
International Conference on Coordination Chemistry (23rd) Held at Boulder, Colorado on 29 July - 3 August 1984. Abstracts of Paper. (1984)

Abstract : Abstracts are presented in this book in the following areas: Energetics and Dynamics, Catalysis, Bioinorganic, Synthesis and Techniques and Applications.
C1 Lateral Mass Displacement and Transverse Atlantal Ligament Failure in Jefferson's Fracture: A Biomechanical Study of the “Rule of Spence” (2017)

Our findings suggest that although the rule of Spence is a conceptually valid measure of TAL integrity, TAL failure occurs at a significantly lower value than previously reported (P < .001). Based on our literature review and findings, LMD is not a reliable independent indicator for TAL failure and should be used as an adjunctive tool to magnetic resonance imaging rather an absolute rule.
Highly efficient and stable tandem organic light-emitting devices based on HAT-CN/HAT-CN:TAPC/TAPC as a charge generation layer (2015)

We demonstrated an effective charge-generation layer (CGL) composition consisting of three layers: an organic acceptor material HAT-CN, HAT-CN blended with an organic donor material TAPC and TAPC, to fabricate a high efficiency tandem organic light-emitting diode (OLED).
SODIUM THIOCYANATE AND THE CORROSION POTENTIAL OF STEEL IN CONCRETE AND MORTAR (1989)

Anaerobic digestion is a sustainable technology for the treatment of organic waste and production of biogas. Acetoclastic methanogenesis accounts for the majority of methane production in anaerobic digestion. Therefore, sustaining robust acetoclastic methanogens is important for stable process performance. Due to faster growth kinetics at high acetate concentrations, it has been considered that Methanosarcina would be more prevalent than Methanosaeta in unstable anaerobic digestion processes which frequently experience high acetate levels. Methanogen population dynamics were monitored in multiple continuous anaerobic digesters for 500 days. Results from quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis show that Methanosaeta dominated over Methanosarcina in anaerobic digestion at high acetate levels up to 44 mM, suggesting the potential of Methanosaeta as a robust and efficient acetoclastic candidate for resilient anaerobic methane conversion. Further efforts are needed to identify mechanisms contributing to the unexpected competitiveness of these methanogens at high acetate levels observed in this study.
Ivalon Breast Prostheses (1981)

Ivalon sponge prostheses, which had been removed from a patient after 19 years, were studied mechanically by light microscopy, by scanning electron microscopy, and by dot map x-ray microanalysis. This study revealed the following. The firmness of these implants was due entirely to their external fibrous capsule, which was 4 to 5 mm in thickness. Once this capsule was incised through, the mechanical compression properties of the implants were identical to fresh unused Ivalon sponge. Contrary to previous observations that Ivalon sponge becomes extensively infiltrated with fibrous tissue, the present implants demonstrated fibrous tissue ingrowth only 2 to 3 mm into the sponge. The open porous nature of the sponge had been preserved after the 19-year implantation period. Whereas extensive calcium and phosphate deposition had previously been demonstrated when Ivalon was implanted into animals, no significant deposition of these ions was observed in the present study.
Specific enzyme inhibitors in vitamin biosynthesis. Part I. The synthesis of 8-substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines (1972)

Two methods for the synthesis of 8-substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines are described. These compounds are close structural analogues of the pteridine precursor involved in the biosynthesis of riboflavin, and were required for studies of the inhibition of riboflavin synthetase.The first method is an adaptation of the Doebner–Miller synthesis of quinolines and is a new route to the pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine ring system. It involves condensation of a 6-(substituted amino)uracil with an αβ-unsaturated carbonyl derivative, and leads initially to an unusual tricyclic intermediate. Detailed spectroscopic studies on this intermediate helped to elucidate the structure of the final products.The second method involved condensation of 6-(substituted amino)uracils with β-dicarbonyl derivatives. The resulting pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines were different from those expected on the basis of earlier work. 1 H N.m.r. studies of the 8-substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines showed that deuterium exchange of protons on C-methyl groups at positions 5 and 7 took place readily in alkaline solution, whereas protons on a 6-methyl group did not exchange. This phenomenon is similar to that observed with the pteridine precursor involved in riboflavin biosynthesis, and an explanation involving a highly delocalised anionic species is offered.
A Facile Approach to Fabricate Self‐Standing Gel‐Polymer Electrolytes for Flexible Lithium‐Ion Batteries by Exploitation of UV‐Cured Trivalent/Monovalent Acrylate Polymer Matrices (2011)

Abstract A facile approach to fabricate a self‐standing GPE for flexible lithium‐ion batteries is demonstrated using a UV‐cured trivalent/monovalent acrylate polymer matrix and a liquid electrolyte. The polymer matrix is successfully synthesized with the co‐presence of the liquid electrolyte by UV polymerization of ETPTA, which has trivalent vinyl groups, and EGMEA, which contains monovalent vinyl groups, with the ETPTA/EGMEA ratio fixed at 90/10 (wt%/wt%). The ETPTA/EGMEA matrix shows a lower T g than the ETPTA matrix alone, which helps improve the mechanical flexibility and ionic transport of the resulting GPE. These features of the ETPTA/EGMEA‐based GPE, together with its superior interfacial compatibility towards electrodes, play crucial roles in obtaining a better cell performance compared to the ETPTA‐based GPE.
Initial Preoperative Management of Geriatric Hip Fractures (2016)

Hip fractures are a common emergency among the geriatric population and often requires immediate hospitalization for proper assessment. More than 90% of the time, hip fractures are suffered by individuals older than 65 and are usually precipitated predominantly by falls. Current studies show that the average individual over 65 years falls at least once a year, and roughly 1 out of every 4 of these individuals succumb to their injuries just 12 months following surgical treatment. Moreover, timely treatment and management of these hip fractures have shown to decrease mortality by reducing cardiopulmonary and venous thromboembolic complications that often accompany hip surgeries. As a result, an emphasis on initial preoperative assessment is important to help identify the presence of ancillary factors such as preexisting comorbidities, which can impact the course of treatment. Delaying surgical management of hip fractures has been linked to decreased functional outcomes and increased mortality rates. Time, rather than technique, appears to be a recurring factor that can impact the long-term survival of these patients. The initial preoperative assessment, therefore, presents a window of opportunity where possible interventions can be made in an effort to reduce the delay of surgery, minimize postsurgical complications, and ultimately improve mortality rate among patients with hip fracture.
Application of a Pickering Emulsified Polymeric Gel System as a Water Blocking Agent (2021)

The conventional methods for controlling excess water production in oil/gas wells can be classified on the basis of the mechanism (pore-blocking mechanism and relative permeability modification) used. Gel systems developed on the basis of a pore-blocking mechanism completely block the pores and stop the flow of both oil and water, whereas a relative permeability modifier (RPM) only restricts the flow of a single phase of the fluid. The gel working on the basis of the pore-blocking mechanism is known as a total blocking gel. An invert emulsified (PAM-PEI) polymer gel is a relative permeability modifier system. The same invert emulsion system is tested as a total blocking gel system in this research work. The dual-injection technique (1st injection and 2nd injection) was used for this purpose. In this research work, the emulsion system was tested at a temperature of 105 °C. The core sections with drilled holes and fractures were used for the core flooding experiments, representing a highly fractured reservoir. The developed emulsified gel system was characterized using a dilution test, an inverted bottle test, microscopic images, and FTIR images. The emulsified polymer gel was tested using a core flooding experiment. After the 2nd injection, the postflood medical CT and micro-CT images of the core sections clearly showed the presence of two different phases in the core section, i.e., the oil phase and the gel phase. The core flooding experiment result indicates that the gel formed after the 2nd injection of the emulsion system can withstand a very high differential pressure, i.e., above 2000 psi. The gel did not allow any oil or water to be produced. Hence, the developed emulsified polymer gel system with the help of a dual-injection technique can be efficiently used as a total blocking gel for high-temperature reservoirs.
Modal noise penalties for data communication linksemploying large area VCSELs (1995)

For the first time, high mode selective loss (MSL) margins for large area VCSELs are theoretically justified. Calculated speckle visibility and power penalties agree with experiments. The predicted power penalty at 10-9 BER for a VCSEL link, employing 62.5/125 fibre, with six connectors, each with 1 dB MSL, is 0.75 dB.
Tectonic-plate flexure may explain newly found volcanoes (2006)

The form and chemical composition of their lavas add to our growing understanding of where on Earth volcanoes can form.
Optical switching using fiber ring reflectors (1991)

We present the results of studies of fiber ring reflectors that are pulse excited in the negative dispersion regime. An intensity-dependent fiber switch is proposed for improved thresholding and pulse output characteristics over those previously reported. Schemes for fiber switches relying on solitary-wave collision-induced phase shifts are also discussed. A pulse regenerator and logic gates are proposed, each capable of correcting timing drifts.