gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methodology for Design and Evaluation of More Electric Aircraft Systems Architectures within the AVACON Project (2019)

Within the research project AdVanced Aircraft CONfiguration (AVACON) a collaborative conceptual design of a mid-range aircraft with ultra high bypass ratio (UHBR) engines and an envisioned entry-into-service in the year 2028 is conducted. In this paper, the approach for overall architecting, sizing, and evaluation of aircraft on-board systems in AVACON is presented. To this end, important contributions to conceptual system design methods proposed in the literature are reviewed to identify directions for methodological improvements. The role allocation of contributing partners and their methodologies for system design activities is described. Having different contributors guarantees, that tasks from overall aircraft to detailed subsystem design with a successive increase in the fidelity of system models is covered. In addition, a state-of-the-art baseline architecture is defined, which will serve as a starting point to conduct trade-off studies for investigation of the potential of system architecture concepts and innovative technologies. Substantial system design requirements and novel boundary conditions, implied by the advanced aircraft configuration, are derived to give an outlook for planned technology studies.
Scalable generation of sensory neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (2023)

Development of new non-addictive analgesics requires advanced strategies to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into relevant cell types. Following principles of developmental biology and translational applicability, here we developed an efficient stepwise differentiation method for peptidergic and non-peptidergic nociceptors. By modulating specific cell signaling pathways, hPSCs were first converted into SOX10<sup>+</sup> neural crest, followed by differentiation into sensory neurons. Detailed characterization, including ultrastructural analysis, confirmed that the hPSC-derived nociceptors displayed cellular and molecular features comparable to native dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and expressed high-threshold primary sensory neuron markers, transcription factors, neuropeptides, and over 150 ion channels and receptors relevant for pain research and axonal growth/regeneration studies (e.g., TRPV1, NA<sub>V</sub>1.7, NA<sub>V</sub>1.8, TAC1, CALCA, GAP43, DPYSL2, NMNAT2). Moreover, after confirming robust functional activities and differential response to noxious stimuli and specific drugs, a robotic cell culture system was employed to produce large quantities of human sensory neurons, which can be used to develop nociceptor-selective analgesics.
The Aerodynamic Performance Of Platoons: A Final Report (1995)

This report details the aerodynamic performance of individual members of 2, 3, and 4-vehicle platoons. The primary purpose of the tests described is to quantify the behavior of vehicle drag as a function of vehicle spacing.
Towards the human cellular microRNAome (2017)

Abstract microRNAs are short RNAs that serve as master regulators of gene expression and are essential components of normal development as well as modulators of disease. MicroRNAs generally act cell autonomously and thus their localization to specific cell types is needed to guide our understanding of microRNA activity. Current tissue-level data has caused considerable confusion and comprehensive cell-level data does not yet exist. Here we establish the landscape of human cell-specific microRNA expression. This project evaluated 8 billion small RNA-seq reads from 46 primary cell types, 42 cancer or immortalized cell lines, and 26 tissues. It identified both specific and ubiquitous patterns of expression that strongly correlate with adjacent super-enhancer activity. Analysis of unaligned RNA reads uncovered 207 unknown minor strand (passenger) microRNAs of known microRNA loci and 2,632 novel putative microRNA loci. Although cancer cell lines generally recapitulated the expression patterns of matched primary cells, their isomiR sequence families exhibited increased disorder suggesting Drosha and Dicer-dependent microRNA processing variability. Cell-specific patterns of microRNA expression were used to deconvolute variable cellular composition of adipose tissue samples highlighting one use of this cell-specific microRNA expression data. Characterization of cellular microRNA expression across a wide variety of cell types provides a new understanding of this critical regulatory RNA species.
An efficient approach to measure the difficulty degree of practical programming exercises based on student performances (2022)

This study examines the generality of easy to hard practice questions in programming subjects. One of the most important contributions is to propose four new formulas for determining the difficulty degree of questions. These formulas aim to describe different aspects of difficulty degree from the learner's perspective instead of the instructor's subjective opinions. Then, we used clustering technique to group the questions into three easy, medium and difficult degrees. The results will be the baseline to consider the generality of the exercise sets according to each topic. The proposed solution is then tested on the data set that includes the results of the two subjects: Programming Fundamentals, Data Structures and Algorithms from Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology. The most important result is to suggest the instructors complete various degrees according to each topic for better evaluating student's performance.
The anticancer activity of the fungal metabolite terrecyclic acid A is associated with modulation of multiple cellular stress response pathways (2005)

Tumors are dependent on cellular stress responses, in particular the heat shock response, for survival in their hypoxic, acidotic, and nutrient-deprived microenvironments. Using cell-based reporter assays, we have identified terrecyclic acid A (TCA) from Aspergillus terreus, a fungus inhabiting the rhizosphere of Opuntia versicolor of the Sonoran desert, as a small-molecule inducer of the heat shock response that shows anticancer activity. Further characterization suggested that TCA also affects oxidative and inflammatory cellular stress response pathways. The presence of an alpha-methylene ketone moiety suggested that TCA may form adducts with sulfhydryl groups of proteins. Reaction with labile intracellular cysteines was supported by our finding that the glutathione precursor N-acetyl-cysteine protected tumor cells from the cytotoxic effects of TCA whereas the glutathione-depleting agent buthionine sulfoximine enhanced its activity. Related sesquiterpenes have been shown to increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to inhibit nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcriptional activity. To assess whether TCA could have similar activities, we used a ROS-sensitive dye and flow cytometry to show that TCA does indeed increase ROS levels in 3LL cells. When tested in cells carrying NF-kappaB reporter constructs, TCA also exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of cytokine-induced NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. These findings suggest that TCA modulates multiple stress pathways-the oxidative, heat shock, and inflammatory responses-in tumor cells that promote their survival. Small-molecule natural products such as TCA may serve as useful probes for understanding the relationships between these pathways, potentially providing leads for the design of novel and effective anticancer drugs.
Crystal Structure of Venus, a Yellow Fluorescent Protein with Improved Maturation and Reduced Environmental Sensitivity (2002)

Yellow emission variants of green fluorescent protein (GFP) have been found useful in a variety of applications in biological systems due to their red-shifted emission spectrum and sensitivity to environmental parameters, such as pH and ionic strength. However, slow maturation properties and new requirements for more intense fluorescence necessitated further mutagenesis studies of these proteins. Venus, a new variant with improved maturation and brightness, as well as reduced environmental dependence, was recently developed by introducing five mutations into the well characterized variant, enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP). In this paper, we present the crystal structure of Venus at 2.2 A resolution, which enabled us to correlate its novel features with these mutation points. The rearrangement of several side chains near the chromophore, initiated by the F46L mutation, was found to improve maturation at 37 degrees C by removing steric and energetic constraints, which may hinder folding of the polypeptide chain, and by accelerating the oxidation of the Calpha-Cbeta bond of Tyr(66) during chromophore formation. M153T, V163A, and S175G were also found to improve the rate of maturation by creating regions of greater flexibility. F64L induced large conformational changes in the molecule, leading to the removal of halide sensitivity by preventing ion access to the binding site.
Analysis of low natural killer cell activity in 89Sr‐treated mice (1982)

Treatment of mice with the long-lived bone-seeking radioisotope 89Sr results in the selective irradiation and destruction of the bone marrow. This is accompanied by a marked reduction in natural killer cell activity against YAC-1 lymphoma [NK(YAC-1)]. To test for the presence of cellular suppressors of NK(YAC-1) in 89Sr-treated mice, in vitro and in vivo cell mixture protocols were used. In vitro, we did not observe any specific inhibitory effect of spleen cells from 89Sr-treated mice on NK(YAC-1) activity of normal spleen cells. The NK(YAC-1) activity of 89Sr-treated mice, measured in vivo by their ability to clear radiolabeled YAC-1 cells from the lungs, was impaired. However, spleen cells from 89Sr-treated mice, when adoptively transferred with normal spleen cells, failed to inhibit the NK(YAC-1) activity of the latter in the lung clearance assay. Further, when normal spleen cells were injected into 89Sr-treated mice, the ability of the transferred cells to mediate in vivo activity was not suppressed in the 89Sr-treated host. These experiments support the suggestion that the low NK(YAC-1) activity in 89Sr-treated mice is not mediated by suppressor cells, but may be due to the destruction of the marrow microenvironment which is essential for the generation of functional NK(YAC-1) cells.
Network Morphology and the Mechanical Behavior of Epoxies (1979)

Since the properties of thermosetting polymers depend on their network structures, the morphology of such polymers has long been a subject of considerable theoretical and practical interest. Thus, it is well known that the tensile strength of thermoset resins is less than predicted theoretically on the basis of the breakage of primary van der Waal's bonds (1,2), and it was proposed long ago (3) that this discrepancy was due to the rupture of weak regions created during network formation. Indeed, it has been shown (4) that high internal stresses can be developed during curing, especially when the curing rate is low. This view of the role of structural defects is also given credence by modern theories of fracture mechanics (5), which emphasize the concept of the concentration of stress at a flaw. Two-Phase Networks Other investigators (4,6-33) have emphasized a view of the network essentially as a composite, with a
INFLUENCE DE LA SUBSTITUTION DE L'OXYGÈNE PAR LE FLUOR SUR LES PROPRIÉTÉS MAGNÉTIQUES ET LA CONDUCTIVITÉ ÉLECTRIQUE DE QUELQUES FERRITES OXYFLUORÉS A STRUCTURE SPINELLE (1977)

Les phases oxyflurées ZnxMFe2-xO4-xFx (M = Fe, Co, Ni ; 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0,50 pour Fe ; 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0,80 pour Co et Ni) et NxFe3-xO4-x (N = Fe, Ni et 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0,50) ont été préparées par substitutions de l'oxygène par le fluor dans les ferrites Fe3O4, CoFe2O4 et NiFe2O4. Alors que l'arrangement ferromagnétique des spins des cations B n'est pas modifié par la substitution Zn2±Fe3+ dans les spinelles ZnxFe3-xO4-xFx, la même substitution conduit à un "spin canting" dans ZnxCoFe2-xO4-xFx et ZnxNiFe2-xO4-xFx. La conductivité électrique montre que la conduction est due à un mécanisme de hopping entre cations B ; le sous réseau anionique et le sous réseau cationique A ne participant pas à la conduction.
WCIP applied to active plasma circuits (2016)

Abstract—The Wave Concept Iterative Procedure is validated for multi-layered substrate with frequency dependent and negative index media. By shifting the plasma frequency, reconfigurable filter design is proposed with a center frequency tunability of 25%. Sensitivity to collisional plasma is proposed. 1.
Formation of a tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 molecular scaffolding complex and activation of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 during seizure‐induced neuronal death (2003)

The consequences of activation of tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) during neuronal injury remain controversial. The apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, can mediate cell death downstream of TNFR1. Presently, we examined the formation of the TNFR1 signalling cascade and response of ASK1 during seizure-induced neuronal death. Brief (40 min) seizures were induced in rats by intra-amygdala microinjection of kainic acid, which elicited unilateral hippocampal CA3 neuronal death. Seizures caused a rapid decline in the expression of the silencer of death domains protein within injured CA3. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed a commensurate assembly of a TNFR1 scaffold complex containing TNFR-associated death domain protein, receptor interacting protein and TNFR-activating factor 2. In addition, recruitment of TNFR-activating factor 2 was likely promoted by Bcl10-mediated sequestering of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 was sequestered in a complex that contained the molecular chaperone 14-3-3beta and protein phosphatase 5. Seizures triggered its dissociation, and the phosphorylation of the ASK1 substrates, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3/6 and 4. Subsequently, protein phosphatase 5 translocated into the nuclei of degenerating CA3 neurons, while ASK1 colocalized with the adaptor proteins Daxx and TNFR-activating factor 2 at the outer membrane of injured CA3 neurons. Neutralizing antibodies to TNFalpha reduced the numbers of DNA damaged cells within the injured hippocampus. These data suggest ASK1 may be involved in the mechanism of seizure-induced neuronal death downstream of a TNFR1 death-signalling complex.
Bioprocess Development for Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Products (2020)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are advanced therapy medicinal products used in cell therapy applications. Several MSC products have already advanced to phase III clinical testing and market approval. The manufacturing of MSCs must comply with good manufacturing practice (GMP) from phase I in Europe and phase II in the US, but there are several unique challenges when cells are the therapeutic product. Any GMP-compliant process for the production of MSCs must include the expansion of cells in vitro to achieve a sufficient therapeutic quantity while maintaining high cell quality and potency. The process must also allow the efficient harvest of anchorage-dependent cells and account for the influence of shear stress and other factors, especially during scale-up. Bioreactors are necessary to produce clinical batches of MSCs, and bioprocess development must therefore consider this specialized environment. For the last 10 years, we have investigated bioprocess development as a means to produce high-quality MSCs. More recently, we have also used bioreactors for the cocultivation of stem cells with other adult cells and for the production of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles. This review discusses the state of the art in bioprocess development for the GMP-compliant manufacture of human MSCs as products for stem cell therapy.
High Performance Dependable Multiprocessor II (2007)

With the ever-increasing demand for higher bandwidth and processing capacity of today's space exploration, space science, and defense missions, the ability to efficiently apply commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) processors for on-board computing has become a critical need. In response to this need, NASA's new millennium program (NMP) office commissioned the development of dependable multiprocessor (DM) technology for use in science and autonomy missions, but the technology is also applicable to a wide variety of DoD missions. The goal of the DM project is to provide spacecraft/payload processing capability 10x -100x what is available today, enabling heretofore unrealizable levels of science and autonomy. DM technology is being developed as part of the NMP ST8 (space technology 8) project. The objective of this NMP ST8 effort is to combine high-performance, fault tolerant, COTS-based cluster processing and fault tolerant middleware in an architecture and software framework capable of supporting a wide variety of mission applications. Dependable multiprocessor development is continuing as one of the four selected ST8 flight experiments planned to be flown in 2009.
C-Reactive Protein Reduces the Relative Number of Tumor-Associated M2 Macrophages and Intratumoral Angiogenesis in Mice (2014)

Tumor-associated macrophages play a key role in cancer metastasis. On the other hand, C-reactive protein (CRP), a widely used biomarker of inflammation, has been shown to have inhibitory effects on tumor proliferation and metastasis. Here we used an implanted tumor mouse model to assess the effect of CRP on tumor-associated macrophage numbers and on their phenotype, as well as on intratumoral angiogenesis. NR-S1M murine oral squamous cell carcinoma cells were implanted subcutaneously in the backs of anesthetized C3H/HeN mice. Some of the mice were also subcutaneously administered 1 μg of recombinant mouse CRP in 100 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (CRP group, n = 10) near the neck every 2 days for 30 days (15 injections in all). Control mice received PBS without CRP. The mice were then sacrificed and the excised tumors were analyzed. Tumor weight and size did not differ between the two groups, but immunohistochemical analysis showed the F4/80(+) macrophage (total macrophages) count to be significantly larger in the CRP group (P = 0.0028), while the relative number of CD206(+) anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages was significantly reduced (P = 0.0091). In addition, expression of colony stimulating factor 1 mRNA, which is associated with the M2 macrophage phenotype, was significantly lower in the CRP group. Intratumoral angiogenesis, indicated by the presence of CD31(+) vessels within the tumor, was reduced in the CRP group (P = 0.0028). These findings suggest that CRP has therapeutic potential against cancer through decreasing the accumulation of M2 macrophages and angiogenesis within tumors.
Entropy Based Features Distribution for Anti-DDoS Model in SDN (2021)

In modern network infrastructure, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are considered as severe network security threats. For conventional network security tools it is extremely difficult to distinguish between the higher traffic volume of a DDoS attack and large number of legitimate users accessing a targeted network service or a resource. Although these attacks have been widely studied, there are few works which collect and analyse truly representative characteristics of DDoS traffic. The current research mostly focuses on DDoS detection and mitigation with predefined DDoS data-sets which are often hard to generalise for various network services and legitimate users’ traffic patterns. In order to deal with considerably large DDoS traffic flow in a Software Defined Networking (SDN), in this work we proposed a fast and an effective entropy-based DDoS detection. We deployed generalised entropy calculation by combining Shannon and Renyi entropy to identify distributed features of DDoS traffic—it also helped SDN controller to effectively deal with heavy malicious traffic. To lower down the network traffic overhead, we collected data-plane traffic with signature-based Snort detection. We then analysed the collected traffic for entropy-based features to improve the detection accuracy of deep learning models: Stacked Auto Encoder (SAE) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). This work also investigated the trade-off between SAE and CNN classifiers by using accuracy and false-positive results. Quantitative results demonstrated SAE achieved relatively higher detection accuracy of 94% with only 6% of false-positive alerts, whereas the CNN classifier achieved an average accuracy of 93%.
Figure S2 from Cell-free DNA Predicts Prolonged Response to Multi-agent Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 2. Scatterplots comparing baseline RECIST tumor measurements with baseline cell-free DNA (cfDNA) biomarkers. To determine the relationship between baseline tumor mutational variant allele frequency (VAFs) and total tumor burden we compared baseline tumor burden as measured by RECIST measurements of evaluable lesions (sum of diameters in mm) with KRAS (panel A) and TP53 (panel B) VAFs for these tumors at the same time point. These data demonstrated no statistically significant relationship between baseline cfDNA VAF levels and RECIST measurements on CT scan.&lt;/p&gt;
Voronoi Graph Traversal in High Dimensions with Applications to Topological Data Analysis and Piecewise Linear Interpolation (2020)

Voronoi diagrams and their dual, the Delaunay complex, are two fundamental geometric concepts that lie at the foundation of many machine learning algorithms and play a role in particular in classical piecewise linear interpolation and regression methods. More recently, they are also crucial for the construction of a common class of simplicial complexes such as Alpha and Delaunay-\vC ech complexes in topological data analysis. We propose a randomized approximation approach that mitigates the prohibitive cost of exact computation of Voronoi diagrams in high dimensions for machine learning applications. In experiments with data in up to 50 dimensions, we show that this allows us to significantly extend the use of Voronoi-based simplicial complexes in Topological Data Analysis (TDA) to higher dimensions. We confirm prior TDA results on image patches that previously had to rely on sub-sampled data with increased resolution and demonstrate the scalability of our approach by performing a TDA analysis on synthetic data as well as on filters of a ResNet neural network architecture. Secondly, we propose an application of our approach to piecewise linear interpolation of high dimensional data that avoids explicit complete computation of an associated Delaunay triangulation.