gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective inhibition of T lymphocyte repopulation of lymphoid organs as a mechanism of immunosuppression in tumor‐bearing mice (1976)

The mechanism of selective suppression of T-cell activity in Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice was investigated in an adoptive cell transfer system of secondary antibody responses to haptens. The induction of secondary antidinitrophenyl (DNP) antibody response after stimulation with DNP-homologous carrier (TD) of thymus-dependent DNP-carrier (TD)-primed spleen cells was markedly inhibited in tumor-bearing recipient mice, whereas the response to thymus independent DNP-carrier (TID) was intact as compared to that seen in normal recipients. However, if tumors were induced in the DNP-TD-primed donor mice and the spleen cells were assayed for responsiveness to DNP-TD in normal recipients, they generated a normal anti-hapten antibody response. After the DNP-TD-primed cells had been transferred into normal recipients and tumors had been induced in the recipients before DNP-TD-stimulation, the cells in tumor-bearers responded normally. These results indicate that the tumor-bearing state neither directly suppresses the responsiveness of primed cells nor interferes with the mechanism for antigen stimulation of primed cells. Direct measurement of recovery of transferred primed T and B cells from the spleen of tumor-bearing recipients revealed that the net recovery of T-cell activity markedly decreased, whereas the recovery of B cells in the spleens of tumor-bearing hosts was not affected or was even higher than the normal. Prevention of repopulation by T lymphocytes of lymphoid organs due to a postulated change in the microenvironment is suggested as a mechanism for the selective suppression of T-cell activity in Ehrlich tumor-bearing animals.
Grounding and Safety (1975)

Several basic facts about the effects of steel conduits in A.C. power systems are reviewed to show that the geometry of a grounding path may have a greater effect on its effectiveness as a ground return path than its D.C. resistance. Data are presented on the effect of ½" E.M.T. conduit and No. 10 conductors in tests simulating regular room wiring under ground fault conditions.
A shallow trench isolation with SiN guard-ring for sub-quarter micron CMOS technologies (2002)

Shallow trench isolation (STI) technology is important to realize high-speed and high-packing-density CMOS-LSIs. A new SiN guard-ring on the upper edge of filled SiO/sub 2/ for steep-sidewall STI is proposed and evaluated to improve the reverse narrow channel effect and device reliability. Good isolation characteristics and sufficient improvement of the reverse narrow channel effect are achieved for STI with SiN guard-ring structure.
Towards Energy Positive Sensing using Kinetic Energy Harvesters (2020)

Conventional systems for motion context detection rely on batteries to provide the energy required for sampling a motion sensor. Batteries, however, have limited capacity and, once depleted, have to be replaced or recharged. Kinetic Energy Harvesting (KEH) allows to convert ambient motion and vibration into usable electricity and can enable batteryless, maintenance free operation of motion sensors. The signal from a KEH transducer correlates with the underlying motion and may thus directly be used for context detection, saving space, cost and energy by omitting the accelerometer. Previous work uses the open circuit or the capacitor voltage for sensing without using the harvested energy to power a load. In this paper, we propose to use other sensing points in the KEH circuit that offer information-rich sensing signals while the energy from the harvester is used to power a load. We systematically analyze multiple sensing signals available in different KEH architectures and compare their performance in a transport mode detection case study. To this end, we develop four hardware prototypes, conduct an extensive measurement campaign and use the data to train and evaluate different classifiers. We show that sensing the harvesting current signal from a transducer can be energy positive, delivering up to ten times as much power as it consumes for signal acquisition, while offering comparable detection accuracy to the accelerometer signal for most of the considered transport modes.
Contacts to solution-synthesized SnS nanoribbons: dependence of barrier height on metal work function (2017)

Tin(ii) monosulfide (SnS) is a layered, anisotropic material that is of interest as a two-dimensional semiconductor for opto-electronic, thermoelectric, and piezoelectric applications. In this study, the effect of work function on contact behavior was investigated. Ni/Au, Pd/Au, Cr/Au, and Ti/Au contacts were fabricated onto individual, solution-synthesized, p-type SnS nanoribbons. The lower work function metals (Cr and Ti) formed Schottky contacts, whereas the higher work function metals (Ni and Pd) formed ohmic or semi-ohmic contacts. Of the ohmic contacts, Ni was found to have a lower contact resistance (∼10<sup>-4</sup> Ω cm<sup>2</sup> or lower) than Pd (∼10<sup>-3</sup> Ω cm<sup>2</sup> or lower). Both the calculated Schottky barriers (0.39 and 0.50 eV) for Cr and Ti, respectively, and the ohmic behavior for Ni and Pd agree with behavior predicted by Schottky-Mott theory. The results indicate that high work function metals should be considered to form low resistance contacts to SnS multilayers.
Point Mutations in Four Hemophilia B Patients from China (1990)

Point mutations in factor IX genes of four unrelated Chinese patients with hemophilia B have been identified by direct sequencing of amplified genomic DNA fragments. These four mutations occur in exon 8 of the factor IX gene. A C to T transition at nucleotide 30,863 changes codon 248 from Arg (CGA) to a new Stop codon (TGA), described in a previous family as factor IXMalmo3 (Green P M et al., EMBO J 1989; 8: 1067). A G to A transition at nucleotide 31,051 changes codon 310 from Trp (TGG) to a nonsense or Stop codon (TGA; factor IXChongquing2). A G to A transition at nucleotide 31,119 changes codon 333 which is for Arg (CGA) in normal factor IX, to one for Gln (CAA) in the variant previously described as factor IXLondon2 (Tsang T C et al., EMBO J 1988; 7: 3009) in a patient with moderately severe hemophilia B. The fourth patient has a novel C to A transversion at nucleotide 31,290, which corresponds to replacement of codon 390 which is for Ala (GCA) in normal factor IX, to one for Glu (GAA) in a patient with moderately severe hemophilia B (factor IXChongquing3). DNA sequences of amplified fragments from mothers of three showed both their son's variant and a normal nucleotide at the appropriate position, indicating that they are carriers. The fourth patient's (factor IXMalmo3) mother, whose DNA was not evaluable, was most probably a carrier because of her low plasma factor IX levels.
Valuing Employee Stock Option Plans Using Option Pricing Models (1976)

In this paper, we apply results from current finance research in option pricing' to the accounting problem of valuing an employee stock option plan. Accountants have avoided valuation models which involve estimates of future stock price movements, using instead generally accepted accounting procedures which have the effect of valuing most stock option plans at or near zero. Consequently, the granting of options under such a plan has a negligible effect on reported earnings. Recently, in finance, a set of restrictions on rational option prices has been developed and empirically tested. Procedures suggested by these models can provide an operational (objective and verifiable) accounting procedure for valuing an employee stock option plan. In essence, instead of recording the option at the difference between the current stock price and the exercise price of the option,2 which is the current accounting practice, we suggest valuing the option at the difference between the current stock price and the discounted exercise price.3 This procedure results in recording the expense and
LTE Physical Layer Vulnerability Test to Different Types of Jamming Signals (2019)

This paper presents an analysis of the susceptibility of the LTE physical layer in the presence of jamming signals. Commercial jammers are often characterized by the frequency bands that they cover. The jamming signal generally sweeps quickly and periodically the frequency band, with a fixed sweep period (SP). According to the jammer model, the frequency band, the power and the sweep period can be different. In this communication, we study the potential impact of a jamming signal according to its power and its sweep period in order to analyze the disturbing mechanisms. The quality of the LTE uplink is analyzed through the measurements of three parameters: Error Vector Magnitude (EVM), Occupied BandWidth (OBW) and Adjacent Channel Leakage-power Ratio (ACLR).
Range, radial velocity, and acceleration MLE using radar LFM pulse train (1998)

An efficient implementation of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is presented for the estimation of target range, radial velocity, and acceleration when the radar waveform consists of a wideband linear frequency modulated (LFM) pulse train. Analytic properties of the associated wideband ambiguity function are derived; in particular the ambiguity function, with acceleration set to zero, is derived in closed form. Convexity and symmetry properties of the ambiguity function over range, velocity, and acceleration are presented; these are useful for determining region and speed of convergence for recursive algorithms used to compute the MLE. In addition, the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) is computed in closed form which shows that the velocity bound is decoupled from the corresponding bounds in range and acceleration. A fast MLE is then proposed which uses the Hough transform (HT) to initialize the MLE algorithm. Monte Carlo simulations show that the MLE attains the CRB for low to moderate signal-to-noise depending on the a priori estimates of range, velocity, and acceleration.
The identification of different ice facies on the North Patagonian Icefield (Chile) from ETM+ and ASTER images using a rule-based classification (2008)

Abstract Please click here to download the map associated with this article. The identification of land cover in glaciated areas from satellite imagery has many uses including mapping changes in extent, and monitoring glacial hazards, but interpretation of that land cover is subject to challenges including deep shadows, lakes of varying turbidity, and debris-covered glaciers. Here, a rule-based classification in Definians eCognition is used to identify different ice facies from ASTER and Landsat ETM+ imagery of the North Patagonian Icefield in Chile using visible, near infrared, short wave infrared, and thermal infrared bands. The North Patagonian Icefield is a complex area to classify because it contains a variety of features including snow covered areas, bare ice, heavily crevassed areas, and debris-covered ice. The rule-based classification was successfully applied to both ASTER and Landsat ETM+ imagery. A rule-based classification is shown to be an accurate way to identify ice extent on both ASTER and Landsat ETM+. A greater variety of different ice facies are identified from ASTER than from Landsat ETM+. This is attributed to the higher ground spatial resolution of the ASTER visible and near infrared bands resulting in fewer mixed segments in the first stage of the classification process. The map showing the Landsat ETM+ classification is at a scale of 1:1,000,000 while the map showing the ASTER classification is at a scale of 1:700,000.
Stemospironine, a New Insecticidal Alkaloid ofStemona japonicaMiq. Isolation, Structural Determination and Activity (1978)

Journal Article Stemospironine, a New Insecticidal Alkaloid of Stemona japonica Miq. Isolation, Structural Determination and Activity Get access Kanzo Sakata, Kanzo Sakata The Insititute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Katsuyuki Aoki, Katsuyuki Aoki The Insititute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ching-Fung Chang, Ching-Fung Chang The Insititute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Sakurai, Akira Sakurai The Insititute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Saburo Tamura, Saburo Tamura The Insititute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shigeo Murakoshi Shigeo Murakoshi Kanagawa PrefecturaI Institute for Sericultural Science, Ebina-shi, Kanagawa-ken Kanagawa Horticultural Experiment Station, Ninomiya-machi, Kanagawa-ken, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 42, Issue 2, 1 February 1978, Pages 457–463, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1978.10862996 Published: 01 February 1978 Article history Received: 19 October 1977 Published: 01 February 1978
THE IMPACT OF REPEATED MALARIA ATTACKS ON THE SCHOOL PERFORMANCE OF CHILDREN (2003)

The impact of repeated malarial infections on the school performance of children was investigated in 571 school children 6-14 years of age in a malaria-endemic area in southern Sri Lanka where both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infections are prevalent. Malaria infections confirmed by microscopy were monitored over a six-year period. School performance was assessed by two specially designed, school grade-specific, test papers for Sinhala language and mathematics. The scores for Sinhala language and mathematics for each school term test for the year 1997 were obtained. Malarial infections were a major predictor of children's performance in language and mathematics after controlling for parent's education, monthly family income, and house type. The education of the father predicted language scores but not mathematics scores. A child who experienced more than five attacks of malaria scored approximately 15% less than a child who experienced less than three attacks of malaria. The data suggest that repeated attacks of malaria have an adverse impact on the school performance of children.
Substrate‐regulated cyanide hydratase ( chy ) gene expression in Fusarium solani : the potential of a transcription‐based assay for monitoring the biotransformation of cyanide complexes (2002)

The fungus Fusarium solani detoxifies cyanide through induction of the cyanide hydratase gene activity (chy) in the presence of either KCN or the metal-complexed cyanides, K2Ni(CN)4 or K4Fe(CN)6, at pH 7.0 and 4.0 respectively. Sequence analysis of the chy gene identified primers for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-directed analysis of mRNA transcripts, which demonstrated that activity correlated to the substrate-specific induction of gene expression. chy transcription was initiated 30-60 min after exposure of F. solani cultures to cyanide complexes. Maximum expression was detected within 4.5 h, after which chy mRNA synthesis declined below the limits of detection within 26 h. A lag period of approximately 2 h, following initial transcription, was recorded before cyanide complexes were converted to formamide. mRNA transcripts of chy were not detected in the absence of cyanide or cyanide complexes. The presence of introns within the gene resulted in a difference in size of 100 bp for DNA compared with mRNA of the corresponding 5' region. This size difference facilitated PCR detection of gene and transcript respectively. Comparisons of the predicted amino acid sequence of the F. solani chy gene and those of Gloeocerospora sorghi, Fusarium lateritium and Leptosphaeria maculans demonstrate that cyanide hydratase genes are highly conserved and of a similar evolutionary origin. These data predict that the functional assay described here to monitor the induction of chy gene expression and, potentially, cyanide degradation would be applicable to a variety of polluted environments.
Augmentative transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in poor responder depressed patients: a follow-up study (2013)

In this mid-term, open, follow-up study, tDCS showed mixed results. Further controlled studies are urgently needed to assess its effects beyond the acute phase.
High performance surface plasmon resonance sensor based on two dimensional ultra-thin metal nanoslit arrays (2011)

We present a high performance surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on two dimensional (2D) ultra-thin (40 nm) gold nanoslit arrays. These structures were designed to exhibit narrow linewidth (FWHM) and high transmission SPR under non-polarized illumination. In addition, we show the influence of the geometrical design on the performance of these 2D slit arrays. The measured sensitivity (S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">λ</inf> ) of 2D slit arrays with a grating period of 620 nm is 600 nm/RIU, while the FWHM is as small as 22 nm. The obtained figure of merit (S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">λ</inf> /FWHM) of 27/RIU is one of the highest reported values for such structures. Furthermore, we experimentally prove that 2D nanoslit arrays show narrower FWHM and higher transmission than 1D slit arrays under non-polarized illumination. The high figure of merit and polarization independence makes the 2D slit arrays especially suitable for further SPR sensor miniaturization through integration with a VCSEL or white light source, while keeping a high sensitivity.
A Soft Sensor for Bleeding Detection in Colonoscopies (2022)

Colonoscopies allow surgeons to detect common diseases i.e. colorectal cancer, ulcers and other ailments. However, there is a risk of bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract while maneuvering endoscopes. This may be due to perforations, hemorrhaging, polyps, diverticuli or post-biopsy complications. Thus, it is essential for the surgeon to be able to detect bleeding at the site and evaluate the severity of blood leakage. This paper presents a soft sensor that can detect the presence of blood at the bleeding site during colonoscopies. The sensor consists of optical waveguides that interface with a microfluidic channel. Blood flow causes absorption and scattering of incident light that can be picked up by the optical sensing apparatus via light transmission through the waveguide. The surgeon can be alerted when bleeding occurs through a graphical user interface. The device is compact and measures only 1 mm thick. This allows the sensor to be circumferentially mounted onto a colonoscope at different locations. The sensor is able to record the presence of blood as an optical loss, rapidly detect the presence of blood in under 100 milliseconds as it enters the microchannel, and differentiate between gastric fluid and blood through changes in measured optical loss.
Trihaloacetylated Enol Ethers - General Synthetic Procedure and Heterocyclic Ring Closure Reactions with Hydroxylamine (1991)

An improved procedure is described for preparing ß-trichloro- and ß-trifluoroacetyl derivatives of six simple enol ethers, in analytically pure form, high yield, and on an up to molar scale. The 4-alkoxy-1,1,1-trichloro [fluoro]-3-alken-2-ones 4a-c and 5a-c, thus obtained, are cyclocondensed with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (in pyridine, 35°C to afford the 5-hydroxy-5-trichloro[fluoro]methyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazoles 6 and 7 in high yield. With cyclic substrates, i.e. the trihaloacetyl dihydrofurans and -2H-pyrans 4d, e and 5d, e, a competitive rearrangement reaction gives 3-cyano-2-hydroxy-2-trichloro[fluoro]methyltetrahydrofurans and -2H-pyrans 8 and 9, respectively. Direct condensation to a dihydroisoxazole prevails at 0°C (> 85% for 4d, 5d), rearrangement to the cyano compounds at higher temperatures (65-70°C, > 70%). Under either condition, the respective heterocycle may be isolated in > 60% yield (except for 6e).
A nonlinear training set superposition filter derived by neural network training methods for implementation in a shift-invariant optical correlator (2003)

The various types of synthetic discriminant function (sdf) filter result in a weighted linear superposition of the training set images. Neural network training procedures result in a non-linear superposition of the training set images or, effectively, a feature extraction process, which leads to better interpolation properties than achievable with the sdf filter. However, generally, shift invariance is lost since a data dependant non-linear weighting function is incorporated in the input data window. As a compromise, we train a non-linear superposition filter via neural network methods with the constraint of a linear input to allow for shift invariance. The filter can then be used in a frequency domain based optical correlator. Simulation results are presented that demonstrate the improved training set interpolation achieved by the non-linear filter as compared to a linear superposition filter.
Biomanufacturing of Heterogeneous Hydrogel Structures with Patterned Electrically Conductive Regions (2017)

In this paper, we present the biomanufacturing of patterned electrically conductive and cell- embedded hydrogel structures, in which selectively patterned regions of hydrogels including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and NIH 3T3 cells were demonstrated. We employed a recently developed method of multimaterial additive manufacturing of hydrogels, by using an aspiration-on-demand protocol. The printed structures were characterized by electrical resistivity measurements and microscopy techniques. The results showed that by selectively patterning the electrical conductivity, each region can be considered as a resistor in series circuit. Moreover, due to the novel approach in assembly of cell-patterned segments in low viscosity, the cell viability in printed structures was high after printing. The prospects of combining the functionalities of two fabricated structures were further discussed and highlighted.
Characterisation of seven medications approved for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder usingin vitromodels of hepatic metabolism (2022)

The metabolism of most medications approved for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not fully understood.<i>In vitro</i> studies using cryopreserved, plated human hepatocytes (cPHHs) and pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs) were performed to more thoroughly characterise the metabolism of several ADHD medications.The use of enzyme-specific chemical inhibitors indicated a role for CYP2D6 in atomoxetine (ATX) metabolism, and roles for CYP3A4/5 in guanfacine (GUA) metabolism.The 4-hydroxy-atomoxetine and N-desmethyl-atomoxetine pathways represented 98.4% and 1.5% of ATX metabolism in cPHHs, respectively. The 3-OH-guanfacine pathway represented at least 2.6% of GUA metabolism in cPHHs, and 71% in HLMs.The major metabolising enzyme for methylphenidate (MPH) and dexmethylphenidate (dMPH) could not be identified using these methods because these compounds were too unstable. Hydrolysis of these medications was spontaneous and did not require the presence of protein to occur.Clonidine (CLD), amphetamine (AMPH), and dextroamphetamine (dAMPH) did not deplete substantially in cPHHs nor HLMs, suggesting that these compounds may not undergo considerable hepatic metabolism. The major circulating metabolites of AMPH and dAMPH (benzoic acid and hippuric acid) were not observed in either system, and therefore could not be characterised. Additionally, inhibition experiments suggested a very minimal role for CYP2D6 in CLD and AMPH metabolism.
A robust and active hybrid catalyst for facile oxygen reduction in solid oxide fuel cells (2017)

A hybrid catalyst coating dramatically enhances the electrocatalytic activity and durability of a solid oxide fuel cell cathode.