gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immortalization of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells by removable simian virus 40T antigen gene: Analysis of the ability to support expansion of cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells (2003)

Human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which have the potential to differentiate into mesenchymal tissues, such as bone, cartilage, adipose and bone marrow stroma, were transduced with a retroviral vector carrying the simian virus 40 large T antigen, hygromycin-resistant gene and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene, that can be excised by Cre/loxP site-specific recombination. This resulted in establishment of an MSC cell line, HMSC-1, which retained original surface characteristics and differentiation potential, and exhibited a higher proliferative capacity than parental cells. HMSC-1 expressed mRNAs of BMP-4, Jagged-1, and SCF that are known to promote hematopoiesis. Human CB CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) cultured on a layer of HMSC-1 cells showed high expansion of CD34+CD38- immature HPC, capable of reconstituting human hematopoiesis in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient disease (NOD/SCID) mice. This cell line may be of value for developing strategies for ex vivo expansion of human HPC.
Ramp requirement design for reliable and efficient integration of renewable energy<sup>1</sup> (2014)

With increased renewable penetration, several ISOs are instituting a product on ramp capabilities to manage operational challenges of maintaining real-time power balance. Ramp capabilities have been required ten minutes ahead based on the Gaussian-sigma rule (2.5 sigma for 99% confidence level) without considering costs, e.g. as planned by MISO. However, different from traditional reserves, the ramp product is used to manage both net load variations (foreseeable changes) and uncertainties (unforeseeable changes) and is regularly deployed through economic dispatches every five minutes. The product design can thus be subtle. The ramp requirements may not truly satisfy the required confidence level since the capabilities secured for the next ten minutes can be deployed in the dispatch after five minutes. This paper is on the analysis and design of reliable and efficient ramp capability products. Our idea is to add ramp requirement constraints looking five minutes ahead on top of the existing requirements ten minutes ahead. To explore cost minimization, however, the total dispatch costs over a design horizon depend on the embedded optimization of real-time dispatches. Simulation-based optimization is thus used to mimic real-time dispatches. Numerical results show that the net load variations and uncertainties are effectively managed at the minimal costs.
Complications of deep brain stimulation surgery (2002)

Currently, DBS is a commonly performed surgery for treatment of movement disorders, especially Parkinson's disease. Although nonablative and minimally invasive, this procedure may give rise to many complications and side effects, some of which are neither reversible nor adaptable. This study reviews the potential complications of DBS along the entire path of this procedure, from patient selection through the postoperative period. Although intraoperative complications such as paralysis and hematoma are rare, other serious complications due to the hardware, such as lead fracture, dislocation, and infection, are not uncommon. Complications or side effects as a result of chronic stimulation itself may be the most common. It is concluded that every member of the surgical team, including the referring neurologist, has an important role in the avoidance of such complications. Proper and careful patient selection, matching each patient to the specific DBS procedure appropriate for his/her symptom profile and suitable for his/her social and cognitive condition, along with experienced and careful intraoperative surgical routine, may be the best way to prevent the complications of DBS procedures.
Towards a robust query optimizer (2005)

Research on query optimization has focused almost exclusively on reducing query execution time, while important qualities such as consistency and predictability have largely been ignored, even though most database users consider these qualities to be at least as important as raw performance. In this paper, we explore how the query optimization process can be made more robust, focusing on the important subproblem of cardinality estimation. The robust cardinality estimation technique that we propose allows for a user- or application-specified trade-off between performance and predictability, and it captures multi-dimensional correlations while remaining space- and time-efficient.
NAG-2, a Novel Transmembrane-4 Superfamily (TM4SF) Protein That Complexes with Integrins and Other TM4SF Proteins (1997)

Transmembrane-4 superfamily (TM4SF) proteins form complexes with integrins and other cell-surface proteins. To further characterize the major proteins present in a typical TM4SF protein complex, we raised monoclonal antibodies against proteins co-immunoprecipitated with CD81 from MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells. Only two types of cell-surface proteins were recognized by our 35 selected antibodies. These included an integrin (alpha6beta1) and three different TM4SF proteins (CD9, CD63, and NAG-2). The protein NAG-2 (novel antigen-2) is a previously unknown 30-kDa cell-surface protein. Using an expression cloning protocol, cDNA encoding NAG-2 was isolated. When aligned with other TM4SF proteins, the deduced amino acid sequence of NAG-2 showed most identity (34%) to CD53. Flow cytometry, Northern blotting, and immunohistochemistry showed that NAG-2 is widely present in multiple tissues and cell types but is absent from brain, lymphoid cells, and platelets. Within various tissues, strongest staining was seen on fibroblasts, endothelial cells, follicular dendritic cells, and mesothelial cells. In nonstringent detergent, NAG-2 protein was co-immunoprecipitated with other TM4SF members (CD9 and CD81) and integrins (alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta1). Also, two-color immunofluorescence showed that NAG-2 was co-localized with CD81 on the surface of spread HT1080 cells. These results confirm the presence of NAG-2 in specific TM4SF.TM4SF and TM4SF-integrin complexes.
Antitermitic effect of the Lantana camara plant on subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (2010)

Abstract The insecticidal effects of Lantana camara L. (flowers, leaves, stems and roots) and the soil where lantana had been growing, on foraging activity and survival of the subterranean termites Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes flavipes were examined in a 3‐week experiment. The soil in which lantana had been growing had no effect on termite tunneling and survival. Incorporation of chipped fresh lantana leaves and stems into soil had no effect on mortality but caused significant reduction in tunneling. The 5‐cm wide barrier of soil with lantana tissue incorporated effectively repelled groups of both species from penetrating the barrier and thus prevented infestation of a piece of wood on the other side of the barrier. C. formosanus was more sensitive in avoiding the barrier than R. flavipes . Leaves, stems and flowers were more repellent than roots. These results provide preliminary evidence that fresh‐cut lantana leaves, stems and flowers may have use as additives to garden mulches against termites.
A low switching frequency AC-DC boost converter for wireless powered miniaturized implants (2014)

Providing electrical power to an implantable microelectronic device (IMD) via wireless power transfer technology is critical to implant's efficacy. The inductive coupling based wireless power transfer technology has been the primary approach to remotely power an IMD [1]. Reducing the coil size and improving efficiency are the two primary design goals for the power harvesting component in an IMD. A pulse-width-modulated (PWM) boost converter has been demonstrated to efficiently convert the low-voltage (much less than the regular diode's turn-on voltage) AC power generated by a miniaturized receiving coil to a desired high-voltage DC power [2]. In [2], the switching frequency of the PWM is much higher than the frequency of the input AC power. The high switching frequency not only dissipates more power during the switching, which deteriorates the converter's overall efficiency, but also prevents the circuit from handling the high-frequency input AC power. In this paper, a low switching frequency AC to DC boost converter is demonstrated. By aligning the PWM signal with the input AC, the boost converter is able to convert the AC power, whose amplitude is 500 mV at the open-circuit condition, to a >5 V DC output. The converter demonstrated in this paper has the potential to significantly improve the conversion efficiency by reducing the dissipated power associated with the PWM switch, especially when the input AC is at higher frequencies.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2, Methods from Induction of EBV–Latent Membrane Protein 1–Specific MHC Class II–Restricted T-Cell Responses against Natural Killer Lymphoma Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2, Methods from Induction of EBV–Latent Membrane Protein 1–Specific MHC Class II–Restricted T-Cell Responses against Natural Killer Lymphoma Cells
Antibiotic prescription practices for pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections throughout the US Veterans Affairs system (2013)

There is substantial variation in the management of common infectious diseases with regard to choice of empirical agents and duration of therapy. Diagnosis-specific antibiotic use metrics may prove useful for antibiotic stewardship programmes.
Obstructed Tartarus, Generalizing a Grid Robot Task (2006)

The Tartarus task is a moderately difficult test problem in evolutionary robotics. There is a lack of other, closely related problems that can be used to provide additional challenges to an evolutionary robotics training system. In this paper the Tartarus task is made more difficult by putting a central obstruction on the board. Comparison is made with the original Tartarus task and the cross-problem competence of evolved robots is tested. This latter experiment checks the evolutionary mutual information for the two tasks, the degree to which training on one task pre-adapts evolved controllers to another. It is found that obstructed Tartarus requires roughly 50% more moves and that the two problems have evolutionary mutual information.
Role of the Polyadenylate Segment in the Translation of Globin Messenger RNA in Xenopus Oocytes (1974)

The translations of native messenger RNA for rabbit globin and that of poly(A)-free globin messenger RNA have been compared after injection into Xenopus oocytes. The initial rate of translation of poly(A)-free mRNA is close to that found with intact mRNA. However, at longer incubation periods, the rate of globin synthesis with poly(A)-free mRNA is considerably lower than with native mRNA. Similar differences in the template activity of the two mRNA preparations were found with a cell-free extract of Krebs II ascites tumor. It is concluded that the presence of the 3' poly(A)-rich sequence in mRNA is required to ensure high functional stability.
Analysis of Interference between RDMA and Local Access on Hybrid Memory System (2020)

We can use a hybrid memory system consisting of DRAM and Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory (We call it DCPM in this paper) as DCPM is now commercially available since April 2019. Even if the latency for DCPM is several times higher than that for DRAM, the capacity for DCPM is several times higher than that for DRAM and the cost of DCPM is also several times lower than that for DRAM. In addition, DCPM is non-volatile. A Server with this hybrid memory system could improve the performance for in-memory database systems and virtual machine (VM) systems because these systems often consume a large amount of memory. Moreover, a high-speed shared storage system can be implemented by accessing DCPM via remote direct memory access (RDMA). I assume that some of the DCPM is often assigned as a shared area among other remote servers because applications executed on a server with a hybrid memory system often cannot use the entire capacity of DCPM. This paper evaluates the interference between local memory access and RDMA from a remote server. As a result, I indicate that the interference on this hybrid memory system is significantly different from that on a conventional DRAM-only memory system. I also believe that some kind of throttling implementation is needed when this interference occures.
BRAIN CONCENTRATIONS OF BIOGENIC AMINE METABOLITES IN ACUTELY TREATED AND ETHANOL‐DEPENDENT RATS (1976)

Mass fragmentography was used to measure whole brain concentrations of some of the major metabolites of tyramine, octopamine, dopamine and noradrenaline in acutely treated and in ethanoldependent rats. Treatments with ethanol, either acutely or chronically, failed to alter significantly brain concentration of p ‐hydroxyphenylacetic and p ‐hydroxymandelic acid (metabolites derived from tyramine and octopamine respectively). The effect on catecholamine metabolites was marked and therefore suggests that ethanol is selective in its effect on central metabolism of biogenic amines. Acute ethanol treatment significantly increased brain concentration of homovanillic acid (HVA), 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). Vanilmandelic acid (VMA) was not affected. All four metabolites (HVA, DOPAC, MHPG and VMA) were increased in the brains of rats rendered dependent on ethanol while still intoxicated (blood ethanol levels above 200 mg/dl). In ethanol‐dependent rats undergoing ethanol withdrawal syndrome (no ethanol present in blood), the brain concentrations of HVA and DOPAC were normal while those of MHPG and VMA continued to be elevated. From the decline in the concentrations of HVA and DOPAC after 50 mg pargyline/kg in control rats and rats acutely treated with ethanol, it was concluded that ethanol has no effect on the transport of phenolic acids across the blood brain barrier. No reversal in the metabolism of catecholamines from an oxidative to a reductive pathway, analogous to that produced by ethanol in the periphery, could be established in the brain. The increase in catecholamine metabolite concentrations after ethanol treatment, either acute or chronic, were interpreted as manifestations of increases catecholamine turnover.
Corn Cobs’ Biochar as Green Host of Salt Hydrates for Enhancing the Water Sorption Kinetics in Thermochemical Heat Storage Systems (2023)

Heat storage technologies are essential for increasing the use of solar energy in the household sector. Their development can be achieved by designing new storage materials; one way is to impregnate a porous matrix with hygroscopic salts. In this article, the possibility of using biochar-based composite sorbents to develop promising new heat storage materials for efficient thermal storage is explored. Biochar-based composites with defined salt loadings (5, 10, 15, and 20%) were produced by impregnating MgSO<sub>4</sub> into a biochar matrix derived from corn cobs. The new materials demonstrated a high water sorption capacity of 0.24 g/g (20MgCC). After six successive charging-discharging cycles (dehydration/dehydration cycles), only a negligible variation of the heat released and the water uptake was measured, confirming the absence of deactivation of 20MgCC upon cycling. The new 20MgCC composite showed an energy storage density of 635 J/g (Tads = 30 °C and RH = 60%), higher than that of other composites containing a similar amount of hydrate salt. The macroporous nature of this biochar increases the available surface for salt deposition. During the hydration step, the water molecules effectively diffuse through a homogeneous layer of salt, as described by the intra-particle model applied in this work. The new efficient biochar-based composites open a low-carbon path for the production of sustainable thermal energy storage materials and applications.
Morphological Characteristics of Spontaneous Endometriosis in the Baboon (Papio anubisandPapio cynocephalus) (1992)

The histopathology of spontaneous endometriosis was studied on 20 pelvic implants biopsied at laparoscopy in 15 healthy baboons. Endometriosis was confirmed by histopathology in 10 of these animals (66%). Typical (n = 3) and subtle (n = 13) endometriotic lesions were confirmed by histopathology in 100 and 61%, respectively. Suspected disease-bearing lesions (n = 4) were confirmed in 50%. Implants could be classified as active (n = 5), inactive (n = 3), atrophic (n = 2) or stromal endometriosis (n = 3). The histological findings for typical and subtle implants were similar to those reported in humans.
A qualitative study of Institutional Ethics Committees: Members’ understanding of research guidelines, privacy, and challenges to privacy protection (2018)

Right to privacy of health-related information is a foundational bioethical principle. In India, the importance of protecting privacy is included in law and ethical guidelines. Institutional Ethics Committees (IECs) are entrusted with the responsibility of protecting fundamental ethical principles, including privacy and confidentiality. The present qualitative study was designed to understand IECs' privacy-related obligations and the members' experience in implementing ethical guidelines and privacy protections in their institutions. An interview guide was prepared regarding knowledge of ethical guidelines. Interviews of nineteen IEC members were recorded, transcribed, and translated. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Themes related to these issues were extracted after analysis: awareness, understanding, and implementation of ethical guidelines; understanding of privacy-related obligations and their implementation; and juridical risks to privacy of patients and research participants. The results suggest that training programmes and awareness workshops should be organised for IEC members to protect the rights of research participants, especially in confidentiality issues.
Short-Range Noncontact Sensors for Healthcare and Other Emerging Applications: A Review (2016)

Short-range noncontact sensors are capable of remotely detecting the precise movements of the subjects or wirelessly estimating the distance from the sensor to the subject. They find wide applications in our day lives such as noncontact vital sign detection of heart beat and respiration, sleep monitoring, occupancy sensing, and gesture sensing. In recent years, short-range noncontact sensors are attracting more and more efforts from both academia and industry due to their vast applications. Compared to other radar architectures such as pulse radar and frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar, Doppler radar is gaining more popularity in terms of system integration and low-power operation. This paper reviews the recent technical advances in Doppler radars for healthcare applications, including system hardware improvement, digital signal processing, and chip integration. This paper also discusses the hybrid FMCW-interferometry radars and the emerging applications and the future trends.
Dendritic cells inversely regulate airway inflammation in cigarette smoke-exposed mice (2015)

The recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells into the respiratory system is considered a crucial feature in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Because dendritic cells (DCs) have a pivotal role in the onset and regulation of immune responses, we investigated the effect of modulating DC subsets on airway inflammation by acute cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. CS-exposed mice (5 days) were treated with fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) and 120g8 antibody to increase total DC numbers and deplete plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), respectively. Flt3L treatment decreased the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) of the smoke-exposed mice and increased these in lung tissue. DC modulation reduced IL-17 and increased IL-10 levels, which may be responsible for the suppression of the BALF cells. Furthermore, depletion of pDCs led to increased infiltration of alveolar macrophages while restricting the presence of CD103(+) DCs. This study suggests that DC subsets may differentially and compartment-dependent influence the inflammation induced by CS. pDC may play a role in preventing the pathogenesis of CS by inhibiting the alveolar macrophage migration to lung and increasing CD103(+) DCs at inflammatory sites to avoid extensive lung tissue damage.
Modifications to Ovsynch improve fertility during resynchronization: Evaluation of presynchronization with gonadotropin-releasing hormone 6 d before initiation of Ovsynch and addition of a second prostaglandin F2α treatment (2015)

Lactating Holstein cows (n=897) were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments to compare the main effects of presynchronization with GnRH 6 d before beginning an Ovsynch protocol (±GnRH) and a second PGF2α treatment 24h after the first (1 vs. 2 PGF2α) on pregnancies per artificial insemination (P/AI). This resulted in the following 4 treatments: (1) an Ovsynch protocol (GPG, control); (2) presynchronization with GnRH followed by an Ovsynch protocol (GGPG); (3) an Ovsynch protocol with a second PGF2α treatment (GPPG); and (4) presynchronization with GnRH followed by an Ovsynch protocol with a second PGF2α treatment (GGPPG). All cows were submitted for first timed artificial insemination (TAI) using a Presynch Ovsynch protocol, and cows detected in estrus after the second PGF2α treatment of the Presynch portion of the protocol were inseminated and removed from the experiment. Nonpregnant cows were resynchronized using an Ovsynch protocol initiated 32±3 d after artificial insemination. Blood samples were collected at the first GnRH treatment (G1), at the PGF2α treatment (PGF), and at the last GnRH treatment (G2) of the Ovsynch protocol and were assayed for progesterone (P4) concentrations. Overall, P/AI tended to be greater for cows receiving a second PGF2α treatment compared with cows not receiving the second PGF2α treatment (40 and 37% for GGPPG and GPPG treatments, respectively, vs. 33 and 32% for GGPG and GPG treatments, respectively). Interestingly, treatment effects on P/AI were detected only for resynchronized cows receiving second and greater TAI, but not for cows receiving first TAI. Fewer cows presynchronized with GnRH had low (<0.5ng/mL) P4 at G1 than cows not presynchronized (13 vs. 25%), and P4 was greater at PGF2α for cows presynchronized with GnRH (4.4 vs. 4.0ng/mL). Cows receiving 2 PGF2α treatments had lower P4 at G2 than cows receiving 1 PGF2α treatment (0.15 vs. 0.35ng/mL). Differences in P4 at PGF2α were detected only for resynchronized cows and not for cows submitted for first TAI. We conclude that presynchronization with GnRH 6 d before beginning an Ovsynch protocol tended to increase P4 at the first GnRH treatment of an Ovsynch protocol, and that a second PGF2α treatment 24h after the first decreased P4 at TAI, thereby increasing P/AI in cows resynchronized for second and greater TAI.
Properties of lanthanum-doped Bi4Ti3O12–SrBi4Ti4O15 intergrowth ferroelectrics (2003)

Lanthanum-doped intergrowth ferroelectrics, (Bi,La)4Ti3O12–Sr(Bi,La)4Ti4O15 [BLT–SBLT(x)], have been prepared. It is found that the remnant polarization (2Pr) of Bi4Ti3O12–SrBi4Ti4O15 (BIT–SBTi) is enlarged. The 2Pr of BLT–SBLT(0.50) has a maximum value of 25.6 μC/cm2. Assuming that the Curie temperature of BLT–SBLT(x) is the average value of the two constituents, La content in both BLT and SBLT can be estimated on the basis of the fact that the crystal structure of BLT–SBLT(x) is not affected by doping. The result shows that when x is not larger than 1.25, La content in BIT is higher than that in SBTi, but when x is 1.50, La content in SBTi is higher. It coincides with the variation of d(118) and the relaxation characteristics of BLT–SBLT(1.50).