gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved method for making nondenaturing composite gradient gels for the electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins (2004)

Nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis continues to be used widely for resolution and characterization of lipoprotein subclasses. Methods for making such gels in the laboratory have been published, but occasionally samples do not display uniform mobilities for all lanes in a laboratory-made gel. To help overcome this limitation, we recommend a modification
EGI hits the ground running (2002)

Beginning in late 1995, Honeywell started fielding the Tactical Advanced Land Inertial Navigation (TALIN/sup TM/) system. TALIN/sup TM/ Inertial Navigation System (INS) is the family of land navigation products derived from the Honeywell H-764G Embedded Global Positioning System (GPS)/Inertial Navigation System (INS)-EGI-system used by the United States Tri-Services for implementation and missionization in a broad range of military aircraft and rotary wing applications. Presently, the TALIN/sup TM/ INS is baselined on the Bradley M2A3, the Bradley Fire Support Team (BFIST/XM7) Vehicle, the STRIKER Fire Support Vehicle, the Mortar Fire Control System, the Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle, and the Crusader Howitzer. We are continuing to find that the TALIN/sup TM/ unit is ideally suited for a broad range of applications in the Land Navigation arena.
Effect of a novel PACAP-27 analogue on muscarinic airway responsiveness in guinea-pigs in vivo (1998)

A recent study showed that the novel pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)-27 analogue [Arg15,20,21,Leu17]-PACAP-27-Gly-Lys-Arg-NH2 causes sustained airway smooth muscle relaxation in vitro. This study examined whether this analogue also has bronchoprotective effects, by inhibiting muscarinic airway responsiveness in vivo. Total lung resistance was measured in anaesthetized, tracheostomized and ventilated guinea-pigs. Increasing doses of acetylcholine were given i.v. once before and thereafter repeatedly each hour after intratracheal instillation of either the PACAP-27 analogue or the clinical beta2-agonist bronchodilator salbutamol. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was monitored to detect cardiovascular side-effects. Both the PACAP-27 analogue and salbutamol significantly attenuated the airway responsiveness to acetylcholine. The total inhibitory effect of the PACAP-27 analogue (350 nmol) corresponded to that of salbutamol (35 nmol). The inhibitory effect of salbutamol (35 nmol) peaked during the second hour and disappeared prior to 5 h after administration. In contrast, the corresponding effect of the analogue (350 nmol) gradually increased and peaked during the fifth hour after administration, whereas it did not fade during the observation period. Both the PACAP-27 analogue (350 nmol) and salbutamol (35 nmol) produced a transient decrease in MAP within 6 min after administration. In conclusion, the novel pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide-27 analogue has bronchoprotective properties, by decreasing muscarinic airway responsiveness in guinea pigs in vivo. The time course of its effect is compatible with a more sustained duration of action compared with salbutamol.
Modeling nonlinear response of fractured rocks and reservoirs (2016)

Summary Since the early work of Athey (1930), there have been many attempts to describe the various nonlinear behaviors of rocks and soils in terms of functionals having only a few parameters, while nevertheless being able to fit the complicated available data with satisfactory accuracy. Such approaches have not been universally applied however, and the present analyses are intended to draw attention to the possibility of using such nonlinear fitting methods on old as well as new data sets. In particular, some special emphasis is placed here on re‐examining the well‐known laboratory data of Coyner (1984) on rocks in light of such modeling tools, and we find that the nonlinear approach again has several clear advantages – especially in terms of reducing the number of variables needed to describe the observed behavior of both bulk modulus and porosity of rocks undergoing large changes in pressure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Epstein-Barr virus in multiple sclerosis (2011)

Genetic and environmental factors determine the susceptibility to develop multiple sclerosis (MS). Improved epidemiologic study designs helped identify environmental risk associations for MS, such as a history of infectious mononucleosis (IM), a symptomatic primary infection with the human γ-herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV preferentially infects B lymphocytes and persists lifelong in a transcriptionally quiescent state in circulating latently infected memory B cells (0.5 to 50 per million). Lytic EBV infection can occur from the memory B-cell pool, presumably after an encounter with the cognate B-cell receptor antigen. The immune control of EBV infection centers around strong memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, whereby the CD4+ T cells maintain EBV-specific immunity, and both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells can target EBV-infected cells directly.

Patients with MS are nearly universally seropositive for EBV (i.e., close to 100% in adults and >90% in children) compared with seropositivity rates of 90%–95% in adults and less than 80% in age-matched pediatric cohorts and show deregulated T-cell and antibody responses to EBV-encoded antigens. These changes are initiated early in disease development, since increased EBV-specific antibody titers are detectable as early as 5 or more years before the clinical onset of MS.1 In patients with clinically isolated syndromes and …
A Fast and Accurate Sparse Continuous Signal Reconstruction by Homotopy DCD with Non-Convex Regularization (2014)

In recent years, various applications regarding sparse continuous signal recovery such as source localization, radar imaging, communication channel estimation, etc., have been addressed from the perspective of compressive sensing (CS) theory. However, there are two major defects that need to be tackled when considering any practical utilization. The first issue is off-grid problem caused by the basis mismatch between arbitrary located unknowns and the pre-specified dictionary, which would make conventional CS reconstruction methods degrade considerably. The second important issue is the urgent demand for low-complexity algorithms, especially when faced with the requirement of real-time implementation. In this paper, to deal with these two problems, we have presented three fast and accurate sparse reconstruction algorithms, termed as HR-DCD, Hlog-DCD and Hlp-DCD, which are based on homotopy, dichotomous coordinate descent (DCD) iterations and non-convex regularizations, by combining with the grid refinement technique. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and related analysis.
Impaction Grafting and Wire Mesh for Uncontained Defects in Revision Knee Arthroplasty (2002)

The current authors review the results of 17 revision total knee arthroplasties in 14 patients in whom large uncontained defects were treated with impaction allografting and molded wire mesh for containment. Knee Society clinical scores increased from an average of 47 points to 95 points and function scores increased from 48 points to 73 points at the most recent followup. No patients required revision surgery, although, nonprogressive tibial radiolucency has been observed in three patients. One patient required open reduction and internal fixation of a periprosthetic supracondylar femur fracture. One patient with an acute postoperative infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis was treated successfully with irrigation and debridement with retention of the implant. Impaction grafting with wire mesh containment for large uncontained defects in revision total knee arthroplasty is an effective method of treating massive uncontained bone loss in revision total knee arthroplasty.
Microdiversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto in Australia (2016)

Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato) is now recognized as an assemblage of cryptic species, which differ considerably in morphology, development, host specificity (including infectivity/pathogenicity for humans) and other aspects. One of these species, E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.), is now clearly identified as the principal agent causing cystic echinococcosis in humans. Previous studies of a small section of the cox1 and nadh1 genes identified two variants of E. granulosus s.s. to be present in Australia; however, no further work has been carried out to characterize the microdiversity of the parasite in its territory. We have analysed the sequence of the full length of the cox1 gene (1609 bp) from 37 isolates of E. granulosus from different hosts and geographic regions of Australia. The analysis shows that seven haplotypes of E. granulosus s.s. not previously described were found, together with five haplotypes known to be present in other parts of the world, including the haplotype EG01 which is widespread and present in all endemic regions. These data extend knowledge related to the geographical spread and host range of E. granulosus s.s. in a country such as Australia in which the parasite established around 200 years ago.
Investigations of LiMn2O4nanocrystalline electrode materials (2011)

Radiation Facility (ESRF, Grenoble, France). The study was performed at two different temperatures (750C and 850C), during 60 hours under 200 mbar of oxygen. Data analysis was done using Topas program (Bruker AXS).
Signal leakage neutralisation in instantaneous non‐regenerative relaying networks under channel uncertainty (2014)

In a multi‐user wireless network, physical layer security is an important issue, especially when some of the served users are malicious. As these users actively participate in the network, their channel state information can be estimated or feedback, although not perfectly known. With this channel uncertainty, the worst‐case signal leakage to eavesdropping users’ needs to be managed. The authors propose a robust instantaneous relay design that improves the worst‐case secrecy rate performance, and decompose the problem into two sub‐problems: First, the achievable signal leakage or leakage‐to‐noise ratio region is studied. Second, for fixed signal leakage constraints, the achievable secrecy rate region is computed. To approach the non‐convex optimisation problems, the authors propose to iteratively solve for the phases and magnitudes of the equivalent channel matrix, a function of the relay matrix. The numerical simulations illustrate that the proposed alternating optimisation algorithm achieves higher secrecy rates than those in a system without an instantaneous relay.
Integrated Role of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Supplementation in Gut Microbiota, Immunity, and Metabolism of Infant Rhesus Monkeys (2016)

To investigate the impact of probiotic supplementation of infant formula on immune parameters, intestinal microbiota, and metabolism, five individually housed infant rhesus monkeys exclusively fed standard infant formula supplemented with probiotics (<i>Bifidobacterium animalis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> HN019) from birth until 3 months of age were compared with five standard formula-fed and five breast-fed monkeys. Anthropometric measurements, serum insulin, immune parameters, fecal microbiota, and metabolic profiles of serum, urine, and feces were evaluated. Consumption of <i>B. lactis</i>-supplemented formula reduced microbial diversity, restructured the fecal microbial community, and altered the fecal metabolome at the last two time points, in addition to increasing short-chain fatty acids in serum and urine. Circulating CCL22 was lower and threonine, branched-chain amino acids, urea, and allantoin, as well as dimethylglycine in serum and urine, were increased in the group supplemented with <i>B. lactis</i> compared with the standard formula-fed group. These results support a role of probiotics as effectors of gut microbial activity regulating amino acid utilization and nitrogen cycling. Future risk-benefit analyses are still needed to consolidate the existing knowledge on the long-term consequences of probiotic administration during infancy. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Probiotics are becoming increasingly popular due to their perceived effects on health, despite a lack of mechanistic information on how they impart these benefits. Infant formula and complementary foods are common targets for supplementation with probiotics. However, different probiotic strains have different properties, and there is a lack of data on long-term health effects on the consumer. Given the increasing interest in supplementation with probiotics and the fact that the gastrointestinal tracts of infants are still immature, we sought to determine whether consumption of infant formula containing the probiotic <i>Bifidobacterium animalis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> HN019 for 3 months starting at birth would impact gut microbial colonization, as well as infant immunity and metabolism, when compared with consumption of formula alone.
Human IgG Increases Virulence of Streptococcus pyogenes through Complement Evasion (2018)

<i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> is an exclusively human pathogen that can provoke mild skin and throat infections but can also cause fatal septicemia. This gram-positive bacterium has developed several strategies to evade the human immune system, enabling <i>S. pyogenes</i> to survive in the host. These strategies include recruiting several human plasma proteins, such as the complement inhibitor, C4b-binding protein (C4BP), and human (hu)-IgG through its Fc region to the bacterial surface to evade immune recognition. We identified a novel virulence mechanism whereby IgG-enhanced binding of C4BP to five of 12 tested <i>S. pyogenes</i> strains expressed diverse M proteins that are important surface-expressed virulence factors. Importantly, all strains that bound C4BP in the absence of IgG bound more C4BP when IgG was present. Further studies with an M1 strain that additionally expressed protein H, also a member of the M protein family, revealed that binding of hu-IgG Fc to protein H increased the affinity of protein H for C4BP. Increased C4BP binding accentuated complement downregulation, resulting in diminished bacterial killing. Accordingly, mortality from <i>S. pyogenes</i> infection in hu-C4BP transgenic mice was increased when hu-IgG or its Fc portion alone was administered concomitantly. Electron microscopy analysis of human tissue samples with necrotizing fasciitis confirmed increased C4BP binding to <i>S. pyogenes</i> when IgG was present. Our findings provide evidence of a paradoxical function of hu-IgG bound through Fc to diverse <i>S. pyogenes</i> isolates that increases their virulence and may counteract the beneficial effects of IgG opsonization.
Strategies for Modulating the pH-Dependent Activity of a Family 11 Glycoside Hydrolase (2013)

The pH-dependent activity of wild-type Bacillus circulans xylanase (BcX) is set by the pK(a) values of its nucleophile Glu78 and general acid/base Glu172. Herein, we examined several strategies to manipulate these pK(a) values and thereby shift the pH(opt) at which BcX is optimally active. Altering the global charge of BcX through random succinylation had no significant effect. Mutation of residues near or within the active site of BcX, but not directly contacting the catalytic carboxyls, either had little effect or reduced its pH(opt), primarily by lowering the apparent pK(a) value of Glu78. However, mutations causing the largest pK(a) changes also impaired activity. Although not found as a general acid/base in naturally occurring xylanases, substitution of Glu172 with a His lowered the pH(opt) of BcX from 5.6 to 4.7 while retaining 8% activity toward a xylobioside substrate. Mutation of Asn35, which contacts Glu172, to either His or Glu also led to a reduction in pH(opt) by ~1.2 units. Detailed pK(a) measurements by NMR spectroscopy revealed that, despite the opposite charges of the introduced residues, both the N35H and N35E forms of BcX utilize a reverse protonation mechanism. In this mechanism, the pK(a) value of the general acid is lower than that of the nucleophile, and only a small population of enzyme is in a catalytically competent ionization state. However, overall activity is maintained due to the increased strength of the general acid. This study illustrates several routes for altering the pH-dependent properties of xylanases, while also providing valuable insights into complex protein electrostatics.
ChemInform Abstract: Tobacco Chemistry. Part 64. A New Sucrose Ester from Greek Tobacco. (1987)

Abstract Tobaccos of the oriental type contain up to 0.2% of sucrose esters like the title compound (I), while considerably lower levels are detected in Virginia and Burley tobaccos.
Advances in Microring Resonators (2003)

A new high-index contrast material system is used to realize commercial quality filters based on microring resonators. Widely tunable optical filters and tracking demultiplexers incorporating first to sixth order ring cavities are demonstrated.
Metallurgical optimisation of PM superalloy N19 (2014)

Microstructures of the new PM superalloy N19 have been investigated for various heat treatments in order to reach the best compromise between static strength and cyclic resistance. One subsolvus and several supersolvus heat treatments were applied to produce fine (7 µm) and medium (25 µm) grain sizes, respectively. The alloy is shown to be quite sensitive to the cooling conditions after solutioning as the γ' hardening precipitates, both secondary and tertiary, have a direct influence on mechanical properties. Two cooling conditions after solutioning produce a high crack propagation resistance at 650°C with dwell time cycles, which is one of the basic requirements. The low cycle fatigue behaviour appears to be correlated to the grain size, which determines the origin of crack initiation (from ceramic inclusions or not). The other mechanical properties (tensile, creep) remain above target levels. Despite the medium size grain microstructure in the supersolvus condition, a high level of mechanical strength is observed in N19 at elevated temperature. It is understood that further improvement in properties can be achieved by developing coarse grain microstructures.
Resident macrophages specifically inhibit DNA synthesis in the nuclei of transformed cells in heterokaryons (1989)

DNA synthesis in heterokaryons of mouse peritoneal macrophages and various proliferating cultured cells was analyzed. Macrophages did not inhibit replication in the nuclei of non-immortalized and spontaneously immortalized cells (rat fibroblasts and macrophages, mouse pre-macrophages, NIH3T3 cells). On the contrary, the percentage of DNA-synthesizing nuclei of malignant HeLa cells was drastically reduced in heterokaryons. The transformation of NIH3T3 cells with c-Ki-ras oncogene and that of rat chondrocytes with p53 oncogene made these cells sensitive to the replication-inhibiting activity of macrophages in heterokaryons. Our observation represents a kind of "intracellular" cytotoxic activity of macrophages directed against transformed cells.
Concluding Remarks for the Helsingør Ribosome Conference, 13 to 17 June 1999 (2014)

This chapter presents concluding Remarks for the Helsingør Ribosome Conference, 13 to 17 June 1999. By tradition, ribosome meetings terminate with a summary talk delivered by a senior member of the field. In the closing years of the decade, Ada Yonath began her remarkable effort to crystallize the ribosome, the success of which has led the author and his coworkers to the happy circumstances. The low-resolution structure-mapping experiments begun in the 1970s were largely concluded. Electron microscopists interested in ribosomes continued developing techniques for reconstructing three-dimensional images of single biological particles, and at the same time, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopists and X-ray crystallographers began producing high-resolution structures of individual ribosomal components in increasing numbers. The electron microscopists began generating images of unprecedented resolution, and groups outside Berlin began responding to the challenge posed by Yonath's crystals. The techniques the molecular biologists and biochemists have perfected will be more powerful than ever when both experimental designs and data interpretation are informed by an accurately understood structure. The contributions made by the members of the Organizing Committee to the hard work that made the meeting possible were inversely proportional to the distance between Copenhagen and their places of residence.
He Said, She Said: Style Transfer for Shifting the Perspective of Dialogues (2022)

In this work, we define a new style transfer task: perspective shift, which reframes a dialogue from informal first person to a formal third person rephrasing of the text. This task requires challenging coreference resolution, emotion attribution, and interpretation of informal text. We explore several baseline approaches and discuss further directions on this task when applied to short dialogues. As a sample application, we demonstrate that applying perspective shifting to a dialogue summarization dataset (SAMSum) substantially improves the zero-shot performance of extractive news summarization models on this data. Additionally, supervised extractive models perform better when trained on perspective shifted data than on the original dialogues. We release our code publicly.
A small‐scale synthesis and enantiomeric resolution of (RS)‐[1‐14C]‐2‐Phenylpropionic acid and biosynthesis of its diastereomeric acyl glucuronides (2001)

Abstract The 3 step synthesis for (RS) ‐[1‐ 14 C]‐2‐phenylpropionic acid having overall yield of 30% is reported. The enantiomers were separated to an optical purity of 95 % (90 % ee) by semi‐preparative chiral HPLC using an α 1 ‐acid glycoprotein‐based column (which has not previously been reported for this separation). Subsequently, the diastereomeric acyl glucuronides of ( R )‐ and ( S )‐[1‐ 14 C]‐2‐phenylpropionic acid were biosynthesised using a recirculating‐mode isolated perfused rat liver preparation. The procedure for purification of the glucuronides by semi‐preparative HPLC was optimised to ensure the biosynthetic products did not undergo degradation via acyl migration or hydrolysis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Freejet flows of gas-particle mixtures (1988)

A numerical analysis of freejet flows of gas-particle mixtures is described. A time-dependent technique is applied to solve a two-phase inviscid flow. The piecewise linear interpolation method (PLM) and the method of characteristics (MOC) are used for the gas-phase and the particle-phase flows, respectively. It is found that the effect of the presence of particles on the flow structure is very important.