gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controller design of a two-wheeled inverted pendulum mobile robot (2008)

The differential driven two-wheeled inverted pendulum mobile robot has advantage of high maneuverability, which can maintain the balance on slopes and rough terrain and can pivot around a the central axis of its body in narrow spaces. It can be used to carry human beings as well as other goods. This paper studies the method of path planning for this robot in the known environments. The path planner based on optimization is proposed. This planner takes full account of the distance and angle between the robot and the target, velocity and obstacles to the navigation evaluation function, and then formulates the path planning problem in the discrete optimization problem. On the current state of robot, the range of input is determined by dynamic window, then the avoidance obstacles optimization input is solved by genetic algorithm. In this paper, the relationship of the target and obstacles is also accounted. Numerical simulations were performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed planner in static, moving obstacles and dynamic object tracking, respectively. Through the simulation research and experiments, it is shown that the robot can be confirmed as mobile platform for transporting human and goods.
Composition of Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excels HBK), Its Beverage and By-Products: A Healthy Food and Potential Source of Ingredients (2021)

The consumption of plant-based beverages is a growing trend and, consequently, the search for alternative plant sources, the improvement of beverage quality and the use of their by-products, acquire great interest. Thus, the purpose of this work was to characterize the composition (nutrients, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity) of the Brazil nut (BN), its whole beverage (WBM), water-soluble beverage (BM-S), and its by-products of the beverage production: cake, sediment fraction (BM-D), and fat fraction (BM-F). In this study, advanced methodologies for the analysis of the components were employed to assess HPLC-ESI-QTOF (phenolic compounds), GC (fatty acids), and MALDI-TOF/TOF (proteins and peptides). The production of WBM was based on a hot water extraction process, and the production of BM-S includes an additional centrifugation step. The BN showed an interesting nutritional quality and outstanding content of unsaturated fatty acids. The investigation found the following in the composition of the BN: phenolic compounds (mainly flavan-3-ols as Catechin (and glycosides or derivatives), Epicatechin (and glycosides or derivatives), Quercetin and Myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside, hydroxybenzoic acids as Gallic acid (and derivatives), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, ellagic acid, Vanillic acid, p-Coumaric acid and Ferulic acid, bioactive minor lipid components (β-Sitosterol, γ-Tocopherol, α-Tocopherol and squalene), and a high level of selenium. In beverages, WBM had a higher lipid content than BM-S, a factor that influenced the energy characteristics and the content of bioactive minor lipid components. The level of phenolic compounds and selenium were outstanding in both beverages. Hydrothermal processing can promote some lipolysis, with an increase in free fatty acids and monoglycerides content. In by-products, the BM-F stood out due to its bioactive minor lipid components, the BM-D showed a highlight in protein and mineral contents, and the cake retained important nutrients and phytochemicals from the BN. In general, the BN and its beverages are healthy foods, and its by-products could be used to obtain healthy ingredients with appreciable biological activities (such as antioxidant activity).
Laser Frit Sealing Approach for Ultrathin Glass (2019)

This work aim to adapt the laser sealing technique to the ultrathin glass materials for the encapsulation of thin-film batteries using alkali free glass. An adapted sealing tool is necessary to prevent the thermal stress within the ultrathin glass to achieve crack free sealing.
Prediction of gas–solid bed hydrodynamics using an improved drag correlation for nonspherical particles (2015)

Gas–solid beds are ubiquitous in industrial and energy production applications. Examples include fluidized beds, which are used in many systems such as in integrated gasification combined cycle power plants or in chemical looping systems. These examples and others involve complicated interactions between each phase of reactants in the system. The motivation of this work stems from the need for a better understanding of bed hydrodynamics in existing energy systems; results from this work can be used directly in software such as Fluent to more accurately predict flow behaviors of gas and solid phases. The experimental data are collected from two setups including an optically accessible drag measurement facility that was used to obtain the drag coefficient at various particle Reynolds numbers and a lab-scale gas–solid packed bed which was used to validate the computational correlation through pressure drop measurements across the packed bed. Results showed that the new correlation predicted drag coefficients as accurate as 10% and deviated by up to 15% for particles with sphericities less than 0.9. This is a significant improvement compared to existing correlations, which can deviate as much as 50% for the same range of tested values. Similar findings are observed when the drag correlation is implemented into Fluent. It was found that the model predicted pressure drop in a particle bed with nonspherical particles with an error as low as 5% and as high as 28% near the fluidization velocity.
A unified framework for finite-memory detection (2005)

In this paper, we present a general approach to finite-memory detection. From a semi-tutorial perspective, a number of previous results are rederived and new insights are gained within a unified framework. A probabilistic derivation of the well-known Viterbi algorithm, forward-backward, and sum-product algorithms, shows that a basic metric emerges naturally under very general causality and finite-memory conditions. This result implies that detection solutions based on one algorithm can be systematically extended to other algorithms. For stochastic channels described by a suitable parametric model, a conditional Markov property is shown to imply this finite-memory condition. This conditional Markov property, although seldom met exactly in practice, is shown to represent a reasonable and useful approximation in all considered cases. We consider, as examples, linear predictive and noncoherent detection schemes. While good performance for increasing complexity can often be achieved with a finite-memory detection strategy, key issues in the design of detection algorithms are the computational efficiency and the performance for limited complexity.
Mucoadhesive chitosan-coated liposomes: characteristics and stability (2001)

Lecithin liposomes, empty or containing FITC-dextran, were prepared by the ethanol injection method. Three different types of chitosans with different molecular weight and degrees of deacetylation were used (Seacure 113, 210 and 311). Chitosan coating was carried out by mixing the liposomal suspension with the chitosan solution followed by incubation. The size of liposomes was measured before and after polymer coating by an image analysis technique. The mean diameter of liposomes containing FITC-dextran was in the size range 250-280 nm, whereas the size after coating was 300-330 nm, regardless of chitosan type. All chitosan-coated liposomes were of spherical shape and no morphological differences between uncoated and coated liposomes were observed. Liposomes with FITC-dextran, originally entrapping 50% of the marker substance taken in the preparation and coated in the presence of unentrapped marker substance, contained 60-65% of the marker substance. The highest entrapment was found for liposomes coated with medium molecular weight chitosan. The stability of chitosan-coated liposomes in simulated gastric fluid was significantly higher as compared to uncoated liposomes. One can conclude that chitosan is stabilizing the original liposomal structure and protecting liposomally entrapped drug.
Modulation of death receptor-mediated apoptosis in cervical neoplasia (2005)

Cervical cancer is the most frequent occurring gynaecologic malignancy world-wide. Approximately 492.000 women develop cervical cancer and 274.000 die from it each year (global estimate for 2002). Less developed countries display the highest cervical cancer incidence rates due to lack of effective screening programs. Sexually transmittec infection with high-risk types of the human papillomavirus (HPV, mainly HPV16 and HPV18, is the primary risk factor for the development of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. ... Zie SUmmary
Sequential self-assembly by controlling interactive forces between microparticles (2004)

This paper describes binding-sequence control in self-assembly of microparticle by changing interactive forces from the outside. We demonstrated a sequential self-assembly with two binding steps. At the 1st step, the microparticles start to bind to each other on their hydrophobic surfaces (surface A) in aqueous solution. By changing the pH of the solution, the particles subsequently connect on their hydrophilic surfaces (surface B) at the 2nd step. We confirmed that this sequential process increases the yield of the assembled structure, and concluded that pH control is effective to achieve a sequential self-assembly.
Tenfibgen Ligand Nanoencapsulation Delivers Bi-Functional Anti-CK2 RNAi Oligomer to Key Sites for Prostate Cancer Targeting Using Human Xenograft Tumors in Mice (2014)

Protected and specific delivery of nucleic acids to malignant cells remains a highly desirable approach for cancer therapy. Here we present data on the physical and chemical characteristics, mechanism of action, and pilot therapeutic efficacy of a tenfibgen (TBG)-shell nanocapsule technology for tumor-directed delivery of single stranded DNA/RNA chimeric oligomers targeting CK2αα' to xenograft tumors in mice. The sub-50 nm size TBG nanocapsule (s50-TBG) is a slightly negatively charged, uniform particle of 15 - 20 nm size which confers protection to the nucleic acid cargo. The DNA/RNA chimeric oligomer (RNAi-CK2) functions to decrease CK2αα' expression levels via both siRNA and antisense mechanisms. Systemic delivery of s50-TBG-RNAi-CK2 specifically targets malignant cells, including tumor cells in bone, and at low doses reduces size and CK2-related signals in orthotopic primary and metastatic xenograft prostate cancer tumors. In conclusion, the s50-TBG nanoencapsulation technology together with the chimeric oligomer targeting CK2αα' offer significant promise for systemic treatment of prostate malignancy.
Gene Therapy: How to Target the Kidney. Promises and Pitfalls (2004)

The success of gene therapy strongly depends on an efficient delivery system to allow local transfer and expression of the therapeutic gene in the target organ or tissue. Vector systems have been improved and many show promise. There are two different categories of delivery vehicles: non-viral and viral vectors, both with advantages and disadvantages that must be taken into consideration in view of the final aim. Compared to other solid organs, the kidney offers the main advantage of access by different routes that dictate different sites of transfection. Thus, the choice of the delivery vehicle and administration route has to take account which cells are to be specifically targeted by the gene transfer approach. This concept will be discussed in the first part of the review. Using a gene therapy approach, improvements of renal function and interstitial inflammation have been achieved in experimental models of glomerulonephritis and tubulo-interstitial damage. Gene therapy applied to renal transplantation has shown promising results in rodents, almost controlling acute rejection. Finally, the development of animal models resembling the clinical features of human genetic renal disorders offers a first step towards new treatments among which gene therapy could become reality in the near future. The main findings concerning the suitability of gene therapy for slowing the progression of kidney diseases, and preventing acute renal graft rejection, or treating genetic disorders, are discussed.
Supplemental Figure 2 from The MDM2 Inhibitor AMG 232 Demonstrates Robust Antitumor Efficacy and Potentiates the Activity of p53-Inducing Cytotoxic Agents (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 2. AMG 232 treatment causes p53 stabilization, and increased p21 and MDM2 proteins in p53 wild-type cells.&lt;/p&gt;
【Original Contribution】Molecular Simulation of Adsorption Behavior of a Silica Nanoparticle onto a Polymeric Membrane Surface in Water (2019)

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to evaluate the effect of the interaction between polymer membrane and a silica nanoparticle (SNP), and the influence of polymer membrane surface properties on adsorbing behavior of SNP. In MD simulation, the adsorption behavior of SNP was observed when polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used for the membrane models, though the SNP was not adsorbed when PE–PVA hybrid model was employed. In order to consider the differences in the behavior of SNP in each membrane model, the diffusion coefficient of water molecules at the vicinity of membrane surface and the interaction energy between SNP and membrane were calculated. It was found that the adsorption mechanisms were different in each membrane model. Furthermore, experimental verification of the results obtained from the MD simulation was also conducted, and it was suggested that the PE film has SNP adsorption performance. However, PVA film didn’t show the adsorption performance because dissolution of the PVA film inhibited the adsorption of SNP. It was suggested that MD simulation offers the method to evaluate the molecular scale interaction and can greatly contribute to accelerating new membrane development.
Chapter 3 Backing Materials (2013)

A unique fusion of theoretical and practical knowledge, “Changes in Plain Bearing Technology”, by Rolf Koring, covers a meaningful range of expertise in this field. Drawing from years of experience in design development, materials selection, and their correlation to real-life part failure, this title, co-published by SAE International and expert Verlag (Germany), concentrates on hydrodynamic bearings lined with whitemetals, also known as Babbits. Written under the assumption that even the most mature body of knowledge can be revisited and improved, “Changes in Plain Bearing Technology” is a courageous and focused approach to questioning accepted test results and looking at alternative material compounds, and their application suitability. The process, which leads to innovative answers on how the technology is transforming itself to respond to new market requirements, shows how interdisciplinary thinking can recognize new potential in long-established industrial modus operandi. Tackling the highly complex issue of component failure, “Changes in Plain Bearing Technology” addresses the basics of hydrodynamic plain bearings while shedding new light on the performance of compound materials, including the limits of measurable fatigue strength, the lining materials of the future and damage evaluation. Main points of interest in this book are: • The advantages of hydrodynamic plain bearings • Backing and lining materials • Compound materials: the great unknown and new conclusions • Investigations on test rigs • Quality standards for plain bearings • Assembly and operations • Damage of plain bearings and its consequences • The future of the technology “Changes in Plain Bearing Technology” is a must-read for those looking for new solutions in this high-impact area of mechanical engineering.
Poloidal magnetics of a divertor compact ignition tokamak (1987)

A technique is presented for calculating bounds on the poloidal field (PF) coil currents required to constrain critical plasma shape parameters when plasma pressure and current density profiles are changed. Such considerations are important in the conceptual design of the PF coils for the Compact Ignition Tokamak (CIT) and their electrical power systems in view of the uncertainty in plasma profiles and operating scenarios. Four relatively independent coil groups are sufficient to find a coil current distribution and equilibrium satisfying a prescribed plasma major radius, minor radius, and divertor strike point coordinates. The variation in the coil current distribution with plasma profiles tends to be large for external PF systems and provides a measure by which coil configurations may be compared. 6 refs., 7 figs., 4 tabs.
The effects of source and receiver motion on seismic data1 (1995)

Abstract The effects of source and receiver motion on seismic data are considered using extensions of the standard convolutional model. In particular, receiver motion introduces a time‐variant spatial shift into data, while source motion converts the effect of the source signature from a single‐channel convolution in time to a multichannel convolution in time and space. These results are consistent with classical Doppler theory and suggest that Doppler shifting can introduce distortions into seismic data even at relatively slow acquisition speeds. It is shown that, while both source and receiver motion are known to be important for marine vibroseis acquisition, receiver motion alone can produce significant artifacts in marine 3D data. Fortunately, the convolutional nature of the distortions renders them amenable to correction using simple deconvolution techniques. Specifically, the effects of receiver motion can be neutralized by applying an appropriate reverse time‐variant spatial shift, while those due to source motion can be addressed by introducing time‐variant spatial shifts both before and after standard, deterministic, signature deconvolution or correlation.
A case of anisakiasis causing intestinal obstruction (1991)

A 31-year old salesman living in Seoul developed suddenly abdominal pain due to intestinal obstruction. Exploratory laparotomy exhibited segmental jejunal cellulitis caused by penetrating Anisakis larva. The patient had eaten raw fish. The typical history of intestinal anisakiasis was presented with a short review of Korean patients of anisakiasis.
Objective picture quality scale for color image coding (2002)

This paper considers an objective picture quality scale for color images (PQScolor). PQScolor approximates the mean opinion score satisfactorily, it takes into account the color perception by using color difference and the properties of visual perception for global features and for localized disturbances. There are two type systems, PQScolor1 is based on Godlove's color difference and PQScolor2 is based on H, V, C signal difference. The correlation coefficient between PQScolor (1, 2) and MOS is more than 0.9, which is very high compared to the value 0.34 obtained for the mean color difference scale.
VI. Lifestyle Diseases and Dementia: Update on Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Treatment (2019)

糖尿病，高血圧ならびに肥満等の生活習慣病は，特に中年期において認知症の危険因子となることが知られる．生活習慣病は，脳血管障害を介して認知症の病態を促進するほか，Alzheimer病では，インスリン抵抗性等の要因も複合的に病態に関連すると考えられる．生活習慣病に関連する個々の危険因子への介入研究では，認知症に対する予防的効果のエビデンスは不十分であるが，多角的な介入が有効である可能性が示唆されている．
Silver-Ion-Exchanged Nanostructured Zeolite X as Antibacterial Agent with Superior Ion Release Kinetics and Efficacy against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2017)

As antibiotic resistance continues to be a major public health problem, antimicrobial alternatives have become critically important. Nanostructured zeolites have been considered as an ideal host for improving popular antimicrobial silver-ion-exchanged zeolites, because with very short diffusion path lengths they offer advantages in ion diffusion and release over their conventional microsized zeolite counterparts. Herein, comprehensive studies are reported on materials characteristics, silver-ion release kinetics, and antibacterial properties of silver-ion-exchanged nanostructured zeolite X with comparisons to conventional microsized silver-ion-exchanged zeolite (∼2 μm) as a reference. The nanostructured zeolites are submicrometer-sized aggregates (100-700 nm) made up of primary zeolite particles with an average primary particle size of 24 nm. The silver-ion-exchanged nanostructured zeolite released twice the concentration of silver ions at a rate approximately three times faster than the reference. The material exhibited rapid antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 4 to 16 μg/mL after 24 h exposure in various growth media and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC; >99.9% population reduction) of 1 μg/mL after 2 h in water. While high concentrations of silver-ion-exchanged nanostructured zeolite X were ineffective at reducing MRSA biofilm cell viability, efficacy increased at lower concentrations. In consideration of potential medical applications, cytotoxicity of the silver-ion-exchanged nanostructured zeolite X was also investigated. After 4 days of incubation, significant reduction in eukaryotic cell viability was observed only at concentrations 4-16-fold greater than the 24 h MIC, indicating low cytotoxicity of the material. Our results establish silver-ion-exchanged nanostructured zeolites as an effective antibacterial material against dangerous antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Binary partition algorithms and VLSI architectures for median and rank order filtering (1993)

A class of selection algorithms using binary partition that are very efficient for median and rank order filtering is considered. A unified discussion of these algorithms is presented. The algorithms have better time-area complexity than sorting methods. Counting, firing, and updating are the three basic steps. A generic structure is proposed to realize these algorithms. They can be implemented by simple and regular modules in VLSI.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Temperature Influences on FinFETs with Undoped Body (2007)

This work presents a study, based on DC measurements, of the temperature influence on the performance of nMOS triple-gate FinFETs with high-K dielectrics, TiN gate material and an undoped body. FinFETs show smaller threshold voltage variations with temperature than planar fully-depleted SOI MOSFETs. The subthreshold slope reduced with the temperature and approached the ideal value at lower temperatures. In the temperature range under study the mobility increases linearly as the temperature is reduced and the dominating mobility degradation factor is phonon scattering. The DIBL has been evaluated and no temperature dependence has been found. Finally, the series resistance has been also extracted and demonstrates a reduction as the temperature is reduced due to the mobility improvement.