gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1347: In vivo efficacy of eflapegrastim in rats with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (2017)

Abstract Introduction: Eflapegrastim (SPI-2012, HM10460A) is a novel, long-acting recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). Eflapegrastim consists of an rhG-CSF conjugated to a recombinant E. coli derived Fc fragment of IgG4 via a polyethylene glycol linker. Eflapegrastim is in clinical development for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of eflapegrastim, pegfilgrastim and filgrastim in rats with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Methods: Rats were treated with 50 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (CPA) intraperitoneally to induce neutropenia. Pegfilgrastim was administered subcutaneously as a single dose of 100 µg/kg on Day 1 and filgrastim was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 20 µg/kg daily for five days on days 1 to 5. Eflapegrastim was administered subcutaneously as a single dose on day 1, at doses ranging from 32 µg /kg to 322 µg/kg (or 8.8 µg/kg to 88 µg/kg as G-CSF equivalent). Blood samples were collected for 8 days after drug administration for the measurement of neutrophil counts and the Duration of Severe Neutropenia (DSN). Results: The DSN in neutropenic rats treated with eflapegrastim was compared with the DSN in neutropenic rats treated with pegfilgrastim or filgrastim. The DSN was 0.2 days when eflapegrastim was administered as a single dose at 88 µg/kg (as G-CSF equivalent) 24 hours after administering CPA. In contrast, the DSN was 3.04 days with filgrastim administered at a dose of 20 µg/kg for 5 days from Day 1 to Day 5 and 2.8 days with pegfilgrastim administered as a single dose of 100 µg/kg 24 hours after administering CPA. At the lowest eflapegrastim dose of 8.8 µg/kg that was about 1/10 of G-CSF equivalent dose for pegfilgrastim, the DSN in eflapegrastim treated rats was 2.94 days. Thus, eflapegrastim was found to be more potent in shortening the DSN with a lower G-CSF equivalent dose when compared to either pegfilgrastim or filgrastim. Conclusion: Eflapegrastim was about 10 times more potent than pegfilgrastim at G-CSF equivalent doses in this neutropenic rat model Citation Format: Young Hoon Kim, InYoung Choi, Prasad Kolli, Guru Reddy. In vivo efficacy of eflapegrastim in rats with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1347. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1347
Role of vasopressin signaling in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (2021)

The diabetic kidney disease (also known as diabetic nephropathy) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus and also the most common cause of chronic kidney disease. Elevated plasma levels of vasopressin are consistently observed in patients with either type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and in animal models of diabetes mellitus. A role of enhanced vasopressin signaling in progression of the diabetic nephropathy to chronic kidney disease has been suggested in several epidemiological studies but the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain largely unclear and are the subject of current scientific research.
Effect of secretin on biliary epithelium growth by regulating expression of MicroRNA 125b and MicroRNA let7a in mice (2015)

Proliferating cholangiocytes have the capacity to respond and secrete several hormones and neuropeptides, including secretin (Onori et al., 2010). We investigated whether secretin secreted by S cells and cholangiocytes increases biliary proliferation in mice. Cholestasis was induced in secretin knockout (Sct-/-) and wild-type (control) mice by bile duct ligation (BDL) (Glaser et al., 2009). After 7 days of BDL, control and Sct-/- mice received tail-vein injections of morpholinos against microRNA 125b or let7a. One week later, liver tissues and cholangiocytes were collected and immunohistochemical, immunoblot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were performed. Intrahepatic bile duct mass (IBDM) and proliferation were evaluated. Secretin secretion was measured in conditioned media from cholangiocytes and S cells. Secretin secretion was increased in supernatants from cholangiocytes and S cells after BDL in control mice. BDL Sct-/- mice had lower IBDM, reduced proliferation, and reduced production of VEGF and NGF compared with BDL control. BDL and control mice given morpholinos against microRNA 125b or let7a had increased IBDM, expression of VEGFA and NGF. Secretin regulated VEGF and NGF expression that negatively correlated with microRNA 125b and let7a levels in liver tissue. After liver injury, secretin produced by cholangiocytes and S cells reduces microRNA 125b and let7a levels, resulting in up-regulation of VEGF and NGF. Modulation of cholangiocyte expression of secretin could be a therapeutic approach for biliary diseases.
Diffusion in Zeolites and Other Microporous Solids (1992)

Elementary Principles of Diffusion THEORY OF DIFFUSION IN MICROPOROUS SOLIDS Diffusion as a Random Walk Diffusion and Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics Diffusion Mechanisms MEASUREMENT OF DIFFUSION IN MICROPOROUS SOLIDS Measurement of Elementary Diffusion Processes Measurement of Self-Diffusion Application of NMR to Measurement of Self-Diffusion in Microporous Solids Measurement of Transport Diffusion by Direct'' Macroscopic Methods Sorption Rates in Batch Systems Chromatographic and Flow Methods of Measuring Intraparticle Diffusivity DIFFUSION IN SELECTED SYSTEMS Diffusion in Macro and Meso Pores Diffusion in Small Pore Zeolites and Microporous Carbons Diffusion in Large Pore (12-Ring) Zeolites Diffusion in Silicalite/ZSM-5 Diffusion in Zeolites: Selected Topics DIFFUSION CONTROLLED PROCESSES Diffusional Effects in Zeolite Catalysts Diffusion Controlled Separation Processes Index.
Human Vestibulo-Spinal Responses to Direct Electrical Eighth Nerve Stimulation (1980)

Left-right (y-axis) vestibulo-spinal torque responses were recorded from two of four intramodiolar stimulus electrodes placed for auditory stimulation in one human subject. For both electrodes, shorter (100 msec) stimuli caused either subjective or objective head turning whereas stimuli lasting longer than 0.5 sec caused either subjective or objective body tilt depending upon the electrode stimulated. The two electrodes tested also showed strikingly different auditory and vestibular effects. Stimulation of the remaining two electrodes caused no detectable vestibulo-spinal responses.
Nfsight: netflow-based network awareness tool (2010)

Network awareness is highly critical for network and security administrators. It enables informed planning and management of network resources, as well as detection and a comprehensive understanding of malicious activity. It requires a set of tools to efficiently collect, process, and represent network data. While many such tools already exist, there is no flexible and practical solution for visualizing network activity at various granularities, and quickly gaining insights about the status of network assets. To address this issue, we developed Nfsight, a Net-Flow processing and visualization application designed to offer a comprehensive network awareness solution. Nfsight constructs bidirectional flows out of the unidirectional NetFlow flows and leverages these bidirectional flows to provide client/server identification and intrusion detection capabilities. We present in this paper the internal architecture of Nfsight, the evaluation of the service, and intrusion detection algorithms. We illustrate the contributions of Nfsight through several case studies conducted by security administrators on a large university network. 1
Increase in current density for metal contacts to n-germanium by inserting TiO2 interfacial layer to reduce Schottky barrier height (2011)

Metal contacts to n-type Ge have poor performance due to the Fermi level pinning near the Ge valence band at metal/Ge interfaces. The electron barrier height can be reduced by inserting ultrathin dielectrics at the metal-semiconductor interface. However, this technique introduces tunneling resistance from the large conduction band offset (CBO) between the insulator and Ge. In this work, the CBO between TiO2 and Ge is estimated to range from −0.06 to −0.26 eV so tunneling resistance can be reduced. By inserting 7.1 nm TiO2 between Al and n-Ge, current densities increased by about 900× at 0.1 V and 1200× at −0.1 V compared to contacts without TiO2.
Digital Slew Rate and S-Shape Control for Smart Power Switches to Reduce EMI Generation (2014)

Smart power switches are power switches with integrated control and protection functions for the switching of middle- and high-current loads. In particular in automotive applications, smart power switches have to be operated without additional stabilization networks, EMI filters, and heat sinks to keep the weight, required space and costs of the circuit boards as low as possible. Therefore, the generated electromagnetic emissions must be reduced by another measure without significantly increasing the switching losses. This can be achieved by the active control of the first and/or second derivative of the output voltage. This paper presents a digital slew rate control and its extension to an S-shape control strategy, which in addition to the slew rate, also controls the second derivative of the output voltage. Both strategies are based on feedforward gate current profiles, which are iteratively adapted by an iterative learning control strategy to compensate for load variations and temperature dependences. A rapid prototyping test bench is presented, and the performance and robustness of the control strategies are demonstrated by a series of measurement results. An EMC compliance test according to the CSIPR 25 standard shows that the generation of conducted electromagnetic emissions can be reduced in a power efficient way by the proposed approach.
Improved target tracking with particle filtering (2009)

In the literature, there are claims stating that particle filters cannot be used for high dimensional systems because their random measures degenerate to single particles. While this may be true for standard implementations of particle filtering, it may not be true for alternative implementations. In this paper we build on our previous work for tracking multiple targets with multiple particle filters, where each particle filter tracks its own target. We avoid the collapse of traditional particle filtering by considering an interconnected network of such particle filters where each of them works on a relatively low dimensional space. We assume that our interest is in finding the marginal posterior distributions of the state vectors describing the different targets and not in the joint posterior of all the targets. We test the method on the problem of multiple target tracking based on sensor data which represent a superposition of contributions of all the targets in the field. The computer simulations demonstrate the performance of the newly proposed method and compare it with other implementations of particle filtering.
InGaAs monolithic interconnected modules (MIM) (1997)

A monolithic interconnected module (MIM) structure has been developed for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) applications. The MIM device consists of many individual InGaAs cells series-connected on a single semi-insulating (S.I.) InP substrate. An infrared (IR) back surface reflector (BSR), placed on the rear surface of the substrate, returns the unused portion of the TPV radiator output spectrum back to the emitter for recycling, thereby providing for high system efficiencies. Also, the use of a BSR obviates the need to use a separate filtering element. As a result, MIMs are exposed to the entire emitter output, thereby maximizing output power density. MIMs with an active area of 1 x 1-cm were comprised of 15 cells monolithically connected in series. Both lattice-matched and lattice-mismatched InGaAs/InP devices were produced, with bandgaps of 0.74 and 0.55 eV, respectively. The 0.74-eV modules demonstrated an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 6.158 V and a fill factor of 74.2% at a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 842 mA/cm{sup 2}, under flashlamp testing. The 0.55-eV modules demonstrated a Voc of 4.849 V and a fill factor of 57.8% at a Jsc of 3.87 A/cm{sup 2}. IR reflectance measurements (i.e., {lambda} > 2 {micro}m) of these devices indicated a reflectivity of {ge} 83%. Latest electrical and optical performance results for the MIMs will be presented.
From Esters to Alcohols and Back with Ruthenium and Osmium Catalysts (2012)

Hin und wieder zurück: Die Hydrierung von Estern und die umgekehrte dehydrierende Kupplung von Alkoholen werden durch dimere Ru- und Os-Komplexe unter neutralen Bedingungen katalysiert. Das Os-Dimer (siehe Bild) ist ein hervorragender Katalysator für die Hydrierung von Alkenoaten und Triglyceriden und ermöglicht die Produktion von Fettalkoholen aus Olivenöl. Der Komplex verwandelt unter Rückflussbedingungen Ethanol in Ethylacetat und Wasserstoff.
The Public Perception of the #GeneEditedBabies Event Across Multiple Social Media Platforms: Observational Study (Preprint) (2021)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> In November 2018, a Chinese researcher reported that his team had applied clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats or associated protein 9 to delete the gene &lt;i&gt;C-C chemokine receptor type 5&lt;/i&gt; from embryos and claimed that the 2 newborns would have lifetime immunity from HIV infection, an event referred to as #GeneEditedBabies on social media platforms. Although this event stirred a worldwide debate on ethical and legal issues regarding clinical trials with embryonic gene sequences, the focus has mainly been on academics and professionals. However, how the public, especially stratified by geographic region and culture, reacted to these issues is not yet well-understood. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> The aim of this study is to examine web-based posts about the #GeneEditedBabies event and characterize and compare the public’s stance across social media platforms with different user bases. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> We used a set of relevant keywords to search for web-based posts in 4 worldwide or regional mainstream social media platforms: Sina Weibo (China), Twitter, Reddit, and YouTube. We applied structural topic modeling to analyze the main discussed topics and their temporal trends. On the basis of the topics we found, we designed an annotation codebook to label 2000 randomly sampled posts from each platform on whether a supporting, opposing, or neutral stance toward this event was expressed and what the major considerations of those posts were if a stance was described. The annotated data were used to compare stances and the language used across the 4 web-based platforms. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> We collected &amp;gt;220,000 posts published by approximately 130,000 users regarding the #GeneEditedBabies event. Our results indicated that users discussed a wide range of topics, some of which had clear temporal trends. Our results further showed that although almost all experts opposed this event, many web-based posts supported this event. In particular, Twitter exhibited the largest number of posts in opposition (701/816, 85.9%), followed by Sina Weibo (968/1140, 84.91%), Reddit (550/898, 61.2%), and YouTube (567/1078, 52.6%). The primary opposing reason was rooted in ethical concerns, whereas the primary supporting reason was based on the expectation that such technology could prevent the occurrence of diseases in the future. Posts from these 4 platforms had different language uses and patterns when they expressed stances on the #GeneEditedBabies event. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> This research provides evidence that posts on web-based platforms can offer insights into the public’s stance on gene editing techniques. However, these stances vary across web-based platforms and often differ from those raised by academics and policy makers. </sec>
Identification of Potent 5‐Pyrimidinyl‐2‐aminothiazole CDK4, 6 Inhibitors with Significant Selectivity over CDK1, 2, 5, 7, and 9. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mass Activated Droplet Sorting (MADS) Enables High‐Throughput Screening of Enzymatic Reactions at Nanoliter Scale (2019)

Microfluidic droplet sorting enables the high-throughput screening and selection of water-in-oil microreactors at speeds and volumes unparalleled by traditional well-plate approaches. Most such systems sort using fluorescent reporters on modified substrates or reactions that are rarely industrially relevant. We describe a microfluidic system for high-throughput sorting of nanoliter droplets based on direct detection using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Droplets are split, one portion is analyzed by ESI-MS, and the second portion is sorted based on the MS result. Throughput of 0.7 samples s<sup>-1</sup> is achieved with 98 % accuracy using a self-correcting and adaptive sorting algorithm. We use the system to screen ≈15 000 samples in 6 h and demonstrate its utility by sorting 25 nL droplets containing transaminase expressed in vitro. Label-free ESI-MS droplet screening expands the toolbox for droplet detection and recovery, improving the applicability of droplet sorting to protein engineering, drug discovery, and diagnostic workflows.
[Lycopene--occurrence, properties and applications]. (2011)

Natural products from plants, fungi and higher animals are valuable sources of attractive alternatives for therapeutics. One of them, lycopene is a bright red carotene found in several fruits and vegetables. Tomato, tomato-based sauces and juices are the most abundant sources of this compound for human. There is a positive correlation between lycopene intake and health. It plays an important role in preventing several diseases, inclusing cancers. Lycopene is the most efficient oxygen and free radicals scavenger. Moreover it controls cell cycle and activates phase II detoxification enzymes. Epidemiological studies confirm its significant role in preventing diseases. Constant progress on this field makes lycopene an interesting object of researches.
Non Linear Simulation of a Wave Energy Converter With Multiple Degrees of Freedom Using a Harmonic Balance Method (2018)

Computationally efficient simulation methods for wave energy converters (WECs) are useful in a variety of applications. The simulation task is particularly challenging when non-linearities are present in the WEC model. Using a Fourier projection of the system inputs and variables, harmonic balance (HB) is a computationally-efficient method to solve for the steady-state motion of a non-linear system, preserving an accurate representation of the non-linear effects. In previous work, HB has been used for the simulation of WECs with one degree of freedom (DoF). Here, HB is presented for WEC systems with an arbitrary number of DoFs. A non-linear, 2-DoF model of the ISWEC wave energy device is used as an example of application. The HB implementation of the ISWEC model is described in detail. Through numerical applications, chosen in both regular and irregular waves, general features of the HB method are exemplified, in particular the exponential convergence rate to the actual mathematical solution, and the sensitivity, in some cases, to the starting point of the HB algoritm.
Structural Change during the Formation of Directly Bonded Silicon Substrates (2011)

The use of Si(011)/Si(001) direct silicon bonding (DSB) substrates is a key element of future complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device technology. In the conventional bonding process, it is necessary to remove interfacial SiO2 to achieve direct atomic bonding. In this study, using X-ray microdiffraction and transmission electron microscopy, we investigate the structural changes caused by oxide out-diffusion annealing (ODA). It is revealed that crystallinity of the bonded Si(011) layer is degraded after low temperature ODA and gradually recovered with an increase in the ODA temperature and annealing time, which is well correlated with the interfacial SiO 2 /Si morphology. Characteristic domain textures depending on the ODA temperature are also detected.
Iron Status and Restless Legs Syndrome in the Elderly (1994)

The relationship between iron status and the restless legs syndrome (RLS) was examined in 18 elderly patients with RLS and in 18 matched control subjects. A rating scale with a maximum score of 10 was used to assess the severity of RLS symptoms. Serum ferritin levels were reduced in the RLS patients compared with control subjects (median 33 micrograms/l vs. 59 micrograms/l, p < 0.01, Wilcoxon signed rank test); serum iron, vitamin B12 and folate levels and haemoglobin levels did not differ between the two groups. Serum ferritin levels were inversely correlated with the severity of RLS symptoms (Spearman's rho -0.53, p < 0.05). Fifteen patients with RLS were treated with ferrous sulphate for 2 months. RLS severity score improved by a median value of 4 points in six patients with an initial ferritin < or = 18 micrograms/l, by 3 points in four patients with ferritin > 18 micrograms/l, < or = 45 micrograms/l and by 1 point in five patients with ferritin > 45 micrograms/l, < 100 micrograms/l. Iron deficiency, with or without anaemia, is an important contributor to the development of RLS in elderly patients, and iron supplements can produce a significant reduction in symptoms.
Water harvesting and fisheries in poly-lined pond in temperate region under front-line demonstration (2020)

The soil of district Doda of Indian UT of JK final weight was 570gm/year with about 81% survival rate. The study of the cost/benefits ratio parameters indicated that there was an input cost (seed and feed cost) of about Rs. 1600/- (average) for one year operation of the above said pond, while the cost of the produced fish was about Rs. 13785/ per pond per year. Therefore, poly-lining of earthen pond or concreted ponds with cracks, are recommended for temperate regions where heavy water loss due to seepage is common. Poly-lining may not only ensure water availability round the year but can also increase farmers income several fold by providing table size fish to the market.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Recombination Rates From Population Data (2000)

We describe a method for co-estimating r = C/mu (where C is the per-site recombination rate and mu is the per-site neutral mutation rate) and Theta = 4N(e)mu (where N(e) is the effective population size) from a population sample of molecular data. The technique is Metropolis-Hastings sampling: we explore a large number of possible reconstructions of the recombinant genealogy, weighting according to their posterior probability with regard to the data and working values of the parameters. Different relative rates of recombination at different locations can be accommodated if they are known from external evidence, but the algorithm cannot itself estimate rate differences. The estimates of Theta are accurate and apparently unbiased for a wide range of parameter values. However, when both Theta and r are relatively low, very long sequences are needed to estimate r accurately, and the estimates tend to be biased upward. We apply this method to data from the human lipoprotein lipase locus.