gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence supporting predicted metabolic pathways for Vibrio cholerae: gene expression data and clinical tests (2006)

Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of the diarrheal illness cholera, can kill an infected adult in 24 h. V.cholerae lives as an autochthonous microbe in estuaries, rivers and coastal waters. A better understanding of its metabolic pathways will assist the development of more effective treatments and will provide a deeper understanding of how this bacterium persists in natural aquatic habitats. Using the completed V.cholerae genome sequence and PathoLogic software, we created VchoCyc, a pathway-genome database that predicted 171 likely metabolic pathways in the bacterium. We report here experimental evidence supporting the computationally predicted pathways. The evidence comes from microarray gene expression studies of V.cholerae in the stools of three cholera patients [D. S. Merrell, S. M. Butler, F. Qadri, N. A. Dolganov, A. Alam, M. B. Cohen, S. B. Calderwood, G. K. Schoolnik and A. Camilli (2002) Nature, 417, 642-645.], from gene expression studies in minimal growth conditions and LB rich medium, and from clinical tests that identify V.cholerae. Expression data provide evidence supporting 92 (53%) of the 171 pathways. The clinical tests provide evidence supporting seven pathways, with six pathways supported by both methods. VchoCyc provides biologists with a useful tool for analyzing this organism's metabolic and genomic information, which could lead to potential insights into new anti-bacterial agents. VchoCyc is available in the BioCyc database collection (http://BioCyc.org).
Anatomically diverse butterfly scales all produce structural colours by coherent scattering (2006)

The structural colours of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) have been attributed to a diversity of physical mechanisms, including multilayer interference, diffraction, Bragg scattering, Tyndall scattering and Rayleigh scattering. We used fibre optic spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and 2D Fourier analysis to investigate the physical mechanisms of structural colour production in twelve lepidopteran species from four families, representing all of the previously proposed anatomical and optical classes of butterfly nanostructure. The 2D Fourier analyses of TEMs of colour producing butterfly scales document that all species are appropriately nanostructured to produce visible colours by coherent scattering, i.e. differential interference and reinforcement of scattered, visible wavelengths. Previously hypothesized to produce a blue colour by incoherent, Tyndall scattering, the scales of Papilio zalmoxis are not appropriately nanostructured for incoherent scattering. Rather, available data indicate that the blue of P. zalmoxis is a fluorescent pigmentary colour. Despite their nanoscale anatomical diversity, all structurally coloured butterfly scales share a single fundamental physical color production mechanism - coherent scattering. Recognition of this commonality provides a new perspective on how the nanostructure and optical properties of structurally coloured butterfly scales evolved and diversified among and within lepidopteran clades.
Refining a Case-Mix Measure for Nursing Homes: Resource Utilization Groups (RUG-III) (1994)

A case-mix classification system for nursing home residents is developed, based on a sample of 7,658 residents in seven states. Data included a broad assessment of resident characteristics, corresponding to items of the Minimum Data Set, and detailed measurement of nursing staff care time over a 24-hour period and therapy staff time over a 1-week period. The Resource Utilization Groups, Version III (RUG-III) system, with 44 distinct groups, achieves 55.5% variance explanation of total (nursing and therapy) per diem cost and meets goals of clinical validity and payment incentives. The mean resource use (case-mix index) of groups spans a nine-fold range. The RUG-III system improves on an earlier version not only by increasing the variance explanation (from 43%), but, more importantly, by identifying residents with "high tech" procedures (e.g., ventilators, respirators, and parenteral feeding) and those with cognitive impairments; by using better multiple activities of daily living; and by providing explicit qualifications for the Medicare nursing home benefit. RUG-III is being implemented for nursing home payment in 11 states (six as part of a federal multistate demonstration) and can be used in management, staffing level determination, and quality assurance.
Aliments fermentés : la tendance de demain (2016)

Si on vous dit aliments fermentés , ça ne vous dit pas grand chose. Pourtant on en consomme tous les jours sans le savoir. Retrouvez La Quotidienne La Suite sur : FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/laquotidienn... TWITTER : https://twitter.com/LaquotidienneF5 SITE : http://www.france5.fr/emissions/la-qu...<br/>Si on vous dit aliments fermentés , ça ne vous dit pas grand chose. Pourtant on en consomme tous les jours sans le savoir.Retrouvez La Quotidienne La Suite sur :FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/laquotidienn...TWITTER : https://twitter.com/LaquotidienneF5SITE : http://www.france5.fr/emissions/la-qu...
Haptic gas pedal feedback for active car-following support (2007)

The research presented in this dissertation focuses on supporting drivers in the longitudinal control of their vehicle during car-following. The goal of the research is the human-centred development of a haptic gas pedal interface that comfortably supports drivers in maintaining a safe separation with a leading vehicle during car-following. Two different approaches were found to be suitable for implementation as haptic information providers through the gas pedal. The first approach was to add a force to the gas pedal dynamics which would have to be related to the safe-field-of-travel ahead of the own vehicle and changes therein. The gas pedal dynamics, that is, the force/pedal-position relationship is not changed by this approach. The second approach was to change the stiffness of the gas pedal by adding a virtual stiffness to the inherent stiffness of the gas pedal. By doing so, the dynamics of the gas pedal are changed depending on the changes detected in the safe-field-of-travel. In both approaches, an electrical actuator provides the additional force or stiffness. The main hypothesis of this dissertation is the assumption that with the appropriate haptic feedback of longitudinal traffic information drivers will adopt a force-task in controlling the haptic gas pedal. Experimental verification leads to the conclusion that the stiffness feedback design with time-to-contact information scaled by time headway performs best in this respect.
冷戰中的解殖 : 香港「爭取中文成為法定語文運動」評析 (2015)

爭取中文成為法定語文運動〔下稱「中文運動」〕，是香港戰後第一場和平的社會運動。這場運動對香港本土社會的發展、對華人地位的提升、對中文教育的促進，以致對繼後香港學生運動和社會運動的勃興，都有舉足輕重的深遠影響。可是，在日前有限的關於香港社會運動的文献中，對這場「中文運動」的研究甚少。而且在僅有的關於香港學生運動歷史敘述中，「中文運動」往往被置放到邊緣的位置，僅僅被表述成邁向七十年代「火紅年代」左翼學生運動的過渡性事件。這種敘事往往以「保釣運動」作為當時學生運動的中心，突出「保釣」在推動香港新一代學生認識及認同中國的劃時代意義，卻也無形中遮蓋掉「中 文運動」的豐富內涵，以及它所展現出的複雜文化政治意義。例如，1983年由親中機構「廣角鏡出版社」出版的《香港學生運動回顧》，就只有不足一千字的篇幅交待和分析中文運動。結語更只寫道：「中文運動是一個改良主義運動，雖然含有一層民族色彩，但僅只談及文化而已，對民族的前途、國家的了解均沒有涉及，只是符合了典型的中國知識分子的文化推崇感，但它也具有一些好影響，使同學們了解到殖民地政府對任何輕微讓步也是不甘心，只有通過團結鬥爭才可達到目標」。
The Synthesis of 3-(3-Cyclohexylpropyl)-4-quinolinol1 (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of 3-(3-Cyclohexylpropyl)-4-quinolinol1Robert H. Baker and R. M. DodsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 7, 1283–1284Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01211a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01211a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Charge gain, NBTI recovery and random telegraph noise in localized-trapping NVM devices (2011)

Three different physical reliability processes - charge gain (CG) in EEPROM nonvolatile memory devices, the recovery of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI-R) and random telegraph noise (RTN) are linked together to interpret the CG effect. CG in nitride trapping devices is shown to exhibit discrete detrapping steps similar to NBTI recovery in MOS devices. The height of the RTN-like steps of the CG process can be tuned by modulating the electric field that controls the point of hole injection during the negative erase bias of the device.
Transformation of Human Lymphocytes: Inhibition by Homologous Alpha Globulin (1968)

An alpha globulin fraction prepared from normal human plasma by column chromatography prevents homologous lymphocyte transformation and the stimulation of DNA, and also protein synthesis induced by phytohemagglutinin and specific antigens. These observations support the concept of a normal circulating immunosuppressant factor which prevents lymphoid cell proliferation.
A Novel Toxin Regulator, the CPE1446-CPE1447 Protein Heteromeric Complex, Controls Toxin Genes in Clostridium perfringens (2011)

Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive anaerobic spore-forming bacterium that is widespread in environmental soil and sewage, as well as in animal intestines. It is also a causative agent of diseases in humans and other animals, and it produces numerous extracellular enzymes and toxins. Although these toxins have been characterized in detail, regulators of toxin genes are less well understood. The present study identified CPE1447 and CPE1446 as novel regulators of toxin gene expression. CPE1447 and CPE1446 are cotranscribed as an operon, and the encoded proteins have a helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif at the N termini of their amino acid sequences, suggesting that CPE1447 and CPE1446 control the target genes as transcriptional regulators. The expression of several genes encoding toxins was changed in both a CPE1446 mutant and a CPE1447-CPE1446 deletion mutant. Complementation of CPE1446 and CPE1447 revealed that CPE1447 and CPE1446 coordinately regulate their target genes. CPE1447 protein was coprecipitated with His-tagged CPE1446 protein, indicating that the CPE1447 and CPE1446 proteins form a stable complex in C. perfringens under their native conditions. Although the small RNA that regulates several genes under the VirR/VirS two-component system (VR-RNA) positively affected CPE1447-CPE1446 mRNA expression, it did not control expression of the CPE1447-CPE1446 regulon, demonstrating that CPE1447 and CPE1446 regulate a different set of toxin genes from the VirR/VirS-VR-RNA cascade.
Transient Binding and Dissipation in Cross-Linked Actin Networks (2008)

In contrast with entangled actin solutions, transiently cross-linked actin networks can provide highly elastic properties while still allowing for local rearrangements in the microstructure-on biological relevant time scales. Here, we show that thermal unbinding of transient cross-links entails local stress relaxation and energy dissipation in an intermediate elasticity dominated frequency regime. We quantify the viscoelastic response of an isotropically cross-linked actin network by experimentally tuning the off rate of the transiently cross-linking molecules, their density, and the solvent viscosity. We reproduce the measured frequency response by a semiphenomenological model that is predicated on microscopic unbinding events.
Dependency graph scheduling in a volumetric ray tracing architecture (2002)

We propose a volumetric ray tracing PCI board which uses FPGA components and on chip memory. In a multiboard system a super volume (i.e., one that is larger than on-board memory) can be either distributed or shared. In a single board system it must be fetched from main memory as needed. In any case the volume is sub-divided into cubic cells and process scheduling has a major impact on the rendering time. There is not generally a scheduling order which would allow each sub-volume to be read from memory only once. We introduce instead a new, compact representation of the cell ray-spawning dependencies of all rays, called Cell Tree. We use this Cell Tree to determine a good processing schedule for the next frame based on the ray dependencies from the previous frame. Experimental results show an average miss reduction of30%. The main contribution of this paper is the generation of a Cell Tree for ray tracing which collects coherent bundles of rays with very little overhead. This is used to decrease overall memory access in sequences where there is good inter-frame coherence.
Trust contract of a service and its role in service selection for distributed software systems (2013)

The trust of a distributed software system is not just another quality of service (QoS) attribute, rather a measure of the confidence about its behavior under various operating conditions. As more and more distributed systems are designed by composing independently created and developed services, identifying the trust of these individual services becomes a prerequisite for creating any trustworthy distributed software system.
Real-time markerless tracking for augmented reality: the virtual visual servoing framework (2006)

Tracking is a very important research subject in a real-time augmented reality context. The main requirements for trackers are high accuracy and little latency at a reasonable cost. In order to address these issues, a real-time, robust, and efficient 3D model-based tracking algorithm is proposed for a "video see through" monocular vision system. The tracking of objects in the scene amounts to calculating the pose between the camera and the objects. Virtual objects can then be projected into the scene using the pose. Here, nonlinear pose estimation is formulated by means of a virtual visual servoing approach. In this context, the derivation of point-to-curves interaction matrices are given for different 3D geometrical primitives including straight lines, circles, cylinders, and spheres. A local moving edges tracker is used in order to provide real-time tracking of points normal to the object contours. Robustness is obtained by integrating an M-estimator into the visual control law via an iteratively reweighted least squares implementation. This approach is then extended to address the 3D model-free augmented reality problem. The method presented in this paper has been validated on several complex image sequences including outdoor environments. Results show the method to be robust to occlusion, changes in illumination, and mistracking.
Convivo communicator: An interface‐adaptive VoIP system for poor quality networks (2003)

Convivo is a VoIP system designed to provide reliable voice communication for poor quality networks, especially those found in rural areas of the developing world. Convivo introduces an original approach to maintain voice communication interaction in the presence of poor network performance: an Interface‐ Adaptation mechanism that adjusts the user interface to reduce the impact of high latency and low bandwidth networks. Interface modes facilitate turn taking for high latency connections, and help to sustain voice communication even with extremely low bandwidth or high error rates. An evaluation of the system, conducted in a rural community in the Dominican Republic, found that Interface‐Adaptation helped users to maintain voice communication interaction as network performance degrades. Transitions from full duplex to voice messaging were found particularly valuable. Initial results suggest that as users get more experience with the application they would like to manually control transitions based on feedback provided by the application and their own perceived voice quality.
Identification of Ill-Conditioned Systems Using Output Rotation (2020)

A new method for identification of ill-conditioned systems is suggested. Our aim is to provide a solution that is practical and functional in the sense that no initial knowledge about process is needed, light-weight tools can be used for identification (e.g. simple ARX models with standard least-squares regression), and model structures with minimal number of parameters and states are used. The main idea is to employ principal component analysis (PCA) to rotate the outputs before identifying the process in directions important for control.
Neutralizing Antibody in Experimentally Induced Respiratory Infection in Calves (1970)

SUMMARY Twelve 2-month-old Holstein-Angus calves were vaccinated with live parainfluenza-3 ( sf -4) virus—6 calves (group A) being vaccinated by intranasal inoculation and 6 calves (group B) being vaccinated by intramuscular inoculation. On the 30th and 92nd days postvaccination, 1st and 2nd challenge inoculations of the same vaccinal virus were given intranasally to all calves. After each administration of the vaccinal virus, nasal washings were collected for viral isolation attempts, and blood and nasal washings for antibody titer determinations. Analysis of the viral isolation data revealed there were marked differences in the duration of viral excretion in nasal fluid. Group A calves shed virus after they were vaccinated; however, they did not shed virus after they were given the 1st and 2nd challenge inoculations. In contiast, group B calves shed virus after they were given the 1st challenge inoculation but did not shed virus after they were given the 2nd challenge inoculation. Differences in serum or nasal antibody titers could not be demonstrated to account for the differences in duration of viral excretion.
Sodium-Based Osmotherapy in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: a Mathematical Approach (2020)

Cerebral edema, in a variety of circumstances, may be accompanied by states of hyponatremia. The threat of brain injury from hypotonic stress-induced astrocyte demyelination is more common when vulnerable patients with hyponatremia who have end stage liver disease, traumatic brain injury, heart failure, or other conditions undergo overly rapid correction of hyponatremia. These scenarios, in the context of declining urinary output from CKD and/or AKI, may require controlled elevations of plasma tonicity <i>vis-à-vis</i> increases of the plasma sodium concentration. We offer a strategic solution to this problem <i>via</i> sodium-based osmotherapy applied through a conventional continuous RRT modality: predilution continuous venovenous hemofiltration.
PieAPP: Perceptual Image-Error Assessment Through Pairwise Preference (2018)

The ability to estimate the perceptual error between images is an important problem in computer vision with many applications. Although it has been studied extensively, however, no method currently exists that can robustly predict visual differences like humans. Some previous approaches used hand-coded models, but they fail to model the complexity of the human visual system. Others used machine learning to train models on human-labeled datasets, but creating large, high-quality datasets is difficult because people are unable to assign consistent error labels to distorted images. In this paper, we present a new learning-based method that is the first to predict perceptual image error like human observers. Since it is much easier for people to compare two given images and identify the one more similar to a reference than to assign quality scores to each, we propose a new, large-scale dataset labeled with the probability that humans will prefer one image over another. We then train a deep-learning model using a novel, pairwise-learning framework to predict the preference of one distorted image over the other. Our key observation is that our trained network can then be used separately with only one distorted image and a reference to predict its perceptual error, without ever being trained on explicit human perceptual-error labels. The perceptual error estimated by our new metric, PieAPP, is well-correlated with human opinion. Furthermore, it significantly outperforms existing algorithms, beating the state-of-the-art by almost 3Ã - on our test set in terms of binary error rate, while also generalizing to new kinds of distortions, unlike previous learning-based methods.
Transition in Yield and Azimuthal Shape Modification in Dihadron Correlations in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions (2010)

Hard-scattered parton probes produced in collisions of large nuclei indicate large partonic energy loss, possibly with collective produced-medium response to the lost energy. We present measurements of π^{0} trigger particles at transverse momenta p{T}{t}=4-12 GeV/c and associated charged hadrons (p{T}{a}=0.5-7 GeV/c) vs relative azimuthal angle Δϕ in Au+Au and p+p collisions at sqrt[s{NN}]=200 GeV. The Au+Au distribution at low p{T}{a}, whose shape has been interpreted as a medium effect, is modified for p{T}{t}<7 GeV/c. At higher p{T}{t}, the data are consistent with unmodified or very weakly modified shapes, even for the lowest measured p{T}{a}, which quantitatively challenges some medium response models. The associated yield of hadrons opposing the trigger particle in Au+Au relative to p+p (I{AA}) is suppressed at high p{T} (I{AA}≈0.35-0.5), but less than for inclusive suppression (R{AA}≈0.2).
Effect of combination of ONC201 and bevacizumab on colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and metastasis in vivo. (2016)

e15155 Background: ONC201 is a small molecule anti-tumor agent that upregulates endogenous TRAIL and activates the integrated stress response (ISR), increasing DR5 expression. ONC201 completed a phase I clinical trial in advanced solid tumors and is currently in multiple phase I/II clinical trials in select advanced cancers. Advanced CRC has a 5-yr survival of 13%. Bevacizumab (Avastin), a monoclonal antibody that targets VEGF, is an important therapeutic option for patients with advanced metastatic CRC. Because ONC201 has activity in preclinical models against CRC, we investigated the efficacy of ONC201 in combination with chemotherapy or bevacizumab in CRC models. Methods: HT-29 xenograft mice were treated with doses of ONC201 at 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg at 1 or 2 week frequencies as a single agent or in combination with Avastin at 5 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Bio-luminescence imaging and pathology-analyzed tissue sections demonstrated if metastatic lesions where present. Angiogenic marker CD31 staining in ONC201-dosed xenografts was performed, and analysis of the combinational therapy performed. Results: ONC201 did not demonstrate synergy with 5-FU or irinotecan used to treat CRC. However, a potent ONC201 plus bevacizumab anti-tumor effect was observed in vivo. ONC201 decreased CD31 levels in CRC xenografts. While each agent showed single agent efficacy, the combination was synergistic in creating significant suppression of CRC xenograft growth and occasional complete tumor regressions. The ONC201 combination with bevacizumab also suppressed metastasis of CRC in vivo. Colorectal PDX models are ongoing including a BRAF-mutant CRC PDX model from CTCs. Mechanistic studies and angiogenesis imaging studies are ongoing to demonstrate the importance of the combination on tumor growth, migration, and invasion. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that combining anti-angiogenic bevacizumab with ONC201 enhances anti-tumor efficacy in preclinical models of CRC and provides a rationale for further testing in the clinic.