gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of ion-implantation damage on the first-order Raman spectra of GaP (1983)

We have analyzed the effects of ion-implantation-induced damage on the first-order Raman spectra of GaP, and have correlated changes in the Raman spectra with direct measurements of implantation-induced surface stresses. We find that, at low ion fluences, the effects of implantation damage are to produce point defects that remove free carriers from doped material and to produce stresses in the undamaged regions. In this regime, the stress-induced shifts of the Raman lines can be predicted from the known elastic constants of undamaged GaP. At intermediate fluences, implantation damage alters the elastic properties of GaP so that the stress-induced shifts of the Raman lines are less than those predicted from the properties of the undamaged crystal. At higher doses, implantation-induced surface stresses exceed the elastic limit of the damaged material. This plastic deformation of the implanted surface is accompanied by a rapid broadening of the phonon lines in the first-order Raman spectra.
Influence of Biodopants on PEDOT Biomaterial Polymers: Using QCM‐D to Characterize Polymer Interactions with Proteins and Living Cells (2014)

Organic conducting polymers (OCPs) are currently the subject of intense research in the area of biomaterials and bioelectronics. Of the OCPs, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has attracted significant interest, however there has been little work on investigating the incorporation of biological compounds as the dopant species in the polymer which are aimed at enhancing the biocompatibility and biofunctionality of the material. Here, we incorporate the biological dopants dextran sulphate, chondroitin sulphate, and alginate, into PEDOT polymers and investigate their influence on a suite of physicochemical and electrochemical properties. We employ QCM‐D to study the mass of adsorption and the viscoelastic properties of the important extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and collagen. Furthermore, we use QCM‐D to study the adhesion of PC12 neural cells to the PEDOT‐biodopant polymers with and without an adsorbed protein conditioning layer. QCM‐D was found to be an excellent tool with which to study conducting polymer–biological interactions, with this report the first time that QCM‐D has been used to study cell interactions with conducting polymer biomaterials.
Structural Elements That Govern the Substrate Specificity of the Clot-dissolving Enzyme Plasmin (2002)

There is remarkable homology between the core structures of plasmin, a fibrin clot-degrading enzyme, and factor D, a complement-activating enzyme, despite markedly different biological functions. We postulated that sequence divergence in the loop structures between these two enzymes mediated the unique substrate and inhibitor interactions of plasmin. Recombinant microplasminogens chimerized with factor D sequences at loops 3, 5, and 7 were cleaved by the plasminogen activator urokinase and developed titratable active sites. Chimerization abolished functional interactions with the plasminogen activator streptokinase but did not block complex formation. The microplasmin chimeras showed enhanced resistance (k(i) decreased up to two to three times) to inactivation of microplasmin by alpha(2)-antiplasmin. Microplasmin chimerization had minimal ( approximately 2 fold) effects on the catalytic efficiency for cleavage of small substrates and did not alter the cleavage of fibrin. However, microplasmin and the microplasmin chimeras showed enhanced abilities to degrade fibrin in plasma clots suspended in human plasma. These studies indicate that loop regions of the protease domain of plasmin are important for interactions with substrates, regulatory molecules, and inhibitors. Because modification of these regions affected substrate and inhibitor interactions, loop chimerization may hold promise for improving the clot dissolving properties of this enzyme.
The Influence of Pulse Frequency and Duty on the Deposition Rate in Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering (2007)

Abstract This paper investigates the influence of pulse frequency and duty on the deposition rate during the pulsed magnetron sputtering process. Whilst deposition rates increased with duty, they also showed a very marked decrease with pulse frequency. Detailed analysis of the data implies that there is a ‘dead time’ of the order of at least 500 ns at the beginning of each pulse‐on cycle, during which negligible sputtering takes place. As pulse frequency increases, the ‘dead time’ becomes a greater proportion of the total on‐time, thus leading to a fall in the deposition rate. Other factors also contributing to this effect include a reduction in the average power delivered to the target as pulse frequency is increased, and significant differences with frequency in the rate of change of target voltage at the beginning of each pulse on cycle. magnified image
Novel Silicon-on-Insulator Lateral Power Device with Partial Oxide Pillars in the Drift Region (2012)

In this paper, a novel silicon-on-insulator (SOI) lateral power device with partial oxide pillars in the drift region is proposed and investigated using a three dimensional device simulator. The structure is characterized by the alternate doped silicon pillars and oxide pillars in the drift region, which can be fabricated by the dielectric isolation process without any additional mask. Owing to the modulation of the oxide pillars, a new additional electric field peak is introduced in the middle of the drift region, thus reducing the surface electric field peaks and transferring the breakdown location. Compared with the conventional reduced surface field (RESURF) device, a 21.5% increase in the breakdown voltage and a 50% increase in the figure of merit (FOM) are obtained in the novel device.
Asynchronous contact mechanics (2009)

We develop a method for reliable simulation of elastica in complex contact scenarios. Our focus is on firmly establishing three parameter-independent guarantees: that simulations of well-posed problems (a) have no interpenetrations, (b) obey causality, momentum- and energy-conservation laws, and (c) complete in finite time. We achieve these guarantees through a novel synthesis of asynchronous variational integrators, kinetic data structures, and a discretization of the contact barrier potential by an infinite sum of nested quadratic potentials. In a series of two- and three-dimensional examples, we illustrate that this method more easily handles challenging problems involving complex contact geometries, sharp features, and sliding during extremely tight contact.
Fuzzy Rule-Based Domain Adaptation in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Spaces (2018)

Domain adaptation aims to leverage knowledge acquired from a related domain (called a source domain) to improve the efficiency of completing a prediction task (classification or regression) in the current domain (called the target domain), which has a different probability distribution from the source domain. Although domain adaptation has been widely studied, most existing research has focused on homogeneous domain adaptation, where both domains have identical feature spaces. Recently, a new challenge proposed in this area is heterogeneous domain adaptation where both the probability distributions and the feature spaces are different. Moreover, in both homogeneous and heterogeneous domain adaptation, the greatest efforts and major achievements have been made with classification tasks, while successful solutions for tackling regression problems are limited. This paper proposes two innovative fuzzy rule-based methods to deal with regression problems. The first method, called fuzzy homogeneous domain adaptation, handles homogeneous spaces while the second method, called fuzzy heterogeneous domain adaptation, handles heterogeneous spaces. Fuzzy rules are first generated from the source domain through a learning process; these rules, also known as knowledge, are then transferred to the target domain by establishing a latent feature space to minimize the gap between the feature spaces of the two domains. Through experiments on synthetic datasets, we demonstrate the effectiveness of both methods and discuss the impact of some of the significant parameters that affect performance. Experiments on real-world datasets also show that the proposed methods improve the performance of the target model over an existing source model or a model built using a small amount of target data.
Platinum catalysed hydrosilylation of propargylic alcohols (2013)

A facile and user-friendly protocol has been developed for the selective synthesis of E-vinyl silanes derived from propargylic alcohols using a PtCl2/XPhos catalyst system. The reaction is generally high yielding and provides a single regioisomer at the β-position with E-alkene geometry. The reaction is extremely tolerant of functionality and has a wide scope of reactivity both in terms of alkynes and silanes used. The catalyst loading has been investigated and it is found that good reactivity is observed at extremely low catalyst loadings. This methodology has also been extended to a one-pot hydrosilylation Denmark-Hiyama coupling.
Peptides Identified in Soybean Protein Increase Plasma Cholesterol in Mice on Hypercholesterolemic Diets (2013)

The in vitro micellar cholesterol displacement assay has been used to identify peptides that may potentially reduce cholesterol in vivo. Two of these peptides, LPYPR and WGAPSL, derived from soybean protein (SP) that have been reported to displace cholesterol from micelles were tested by feeding them as a part of a hypercholesterolemic diet to mice for 3 weeks. Except reduction of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and triglyceride contents, the peptide-containing diets increased plasma cholesterol content with the increasing dose of the peptides. Mice fed diets supplemented with the peptides also had lower fecal bile acid excretion. Negative correlations between fecal bile acid excretion and plasma total cholesterol content (r = -0.876, P = 0.062) and non-HDL-C content (r = -0.831, P = 0.084) were observed. The mRNA levels of the genes for cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, CYP51, LDLR, CYP7A1, and LPL, were up-regulated in mice fed diets supplemented with peptides except the group fed the low dose of WGAPSL. The results suggested that higher plasma total cholesterol content possibly due to lower fecal steroid excretion as well as lower VLDL-C and triglyceride contents might due to the up-regulated expression levels of the genes CYP51, LDLR, and LPL.
Anomeric O‐Alkylation, 9. Disaccharide Synthesis via Anomeric O‐Alkylation (1992)

Abstract Base‐promoted reaction of tetra‐ O ‐benzyl‐glucose 1a with secondary alkyl trifluoromethanesulfonates 2 and 3 in toluene provides in the presence of 15‐crown‐5 preferentially β‐glycosides 2aβ and 3aβ , respectively, in high yields. For reactions carried out at lower temperatures and with trifluoromethanesulfonates derived from secondary hydroxy groups of sugars aprotic dipolar solvents (HMPT/DMF, HMPT/THF) are required. Thus, treatment of 1‐ O ‐unprotected hexoses 1a – e with trifluoromethanesulfonates 4 , 6 , and 7 affords the corresponding (1→4)‐connected disaccharides 4a – e and the (1→3)‐connected disaccharides 6b and 7b , respectively, in high yields. Under these conditions the α:β ratio of the products resembled the anomeric ratio of the starting material.
2749. Disparities in Healthcare Seeking Behaviors in the Pragmatic Assessment of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the DoD (PAIVED) Study (2019)

Abstract Background Healthcare outcome disparities exist for underrepresented populations, which may be partially due to reduced engagement in clinical research trials. Within the military with free, open access to medical care for members and beneficiaries, some healthcare outcome disparities become less apparent. We sought to assess the impact of the open access to care within the military healthcare system on research engagement among underrepresented populations. Methods During the PAIVED study (2018–2019 influenza season) enrollees were randomized to receive an FDA approved influenza vaccine (egg-based, recombinant, or cell-culture derived) followed by weekly surveillance for influenza-like illness (ILI) symptoms throughout the influenza season. At enrollment, participants self-identified gender, race, ethnicity, and level of education. Results Overall, the non-recruit study population (n = 852) was 52% male, 18% Hispanic, 15% African American, 70% White, 24% with High School or less, 22% with Associate’s, 24% with Bachelor’s and 30% with Post-Bachelor degree at enrollment. Individuals who reported African American race (OR 2.1, 95% CI (1.4, 3.3)) or Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.7 (1.1, 2.6)) were more likely to have missed &gt; 15% of the surveys, whereas military retirees (OR 0.5 (0.3, 0.9)) and dependents (OR 0.6 (0.4, 0.95)) were less likely to have missed &gt; 15%. Individuals with African American race (OR 2.2 (1.3, 3.9)) or Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.9 (1.1, 3.0)) were more likely to have missed the past 3 survey weeks. Retirees (OR 0.4 (0.2, 0.7)), dependents (OR 0.5 (0.3, 0.9)) and those with higher levels of education were less likely to have missed the past 3 weeks. There were no gender differences for these outcomes. Conclusion Healthcare outcome disparities may be partially explained by disparities in healthcare research engagement from underrepresented populations. Our cohort provides a unique perspective where access to and affordability of care and reliable income are minimized. Despite this, there remained differences in research engagement by race, ethnicity and education level, but not by gender. Future efforts should inform research design to increase research engagement from underrepresented populations. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Gain and time resolution of 45 μm thin Low Gain Avalanche Detectors before and after irradiation up to a fluence of 1015neq/cm2 (2017)

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are silicon sensors with a built-in charge multiplication layer providing a gain of typically 10 to 50. Due to the combination of high signal-to-noise ratio and short rise time, thin LGADs provide good time resolutions. LGADs with an active thickness of about 45 $\mu$m were produced at CNM Barcelona. Their gains and time resolutions were studied in beam tests for two different multiplication layer implantation doses, as well as before and after irradiation with neutrons up to $10^{15}$ n$_{eq}$/cm$^2$. The gain showed the expected decrease at a fixed voltage for a lower initial implantation dose, as well as for a higher fluence due to effective acceptor removal in the multiplication layer. Time resolutions below 30 ps were obtained at the highest applied voltages for both implantation doses before irradiation. Also after an intermediate fluence of $3\times10^{14}$ n$_{eq}$/cm$^2$, similar values were measured since a higher applicable reverse bias voltage could recover most of the pre-irradiation gain. At $10^{15}$ n$_{eq}$/cm$^2$, the time resolution at the maximum applicable voltage of 620 V during the beam test was measured to be 57 ps since the voltage stability was not good enough to compensate for the gain layer loss. The time resolutions were found to follow approximately a universal function of gain for all implantation doses and fluences.
Development of Monoclonal Antibodies to the Lantibiotic Nisin A (1996)

Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against nisin A (nisA), an antimicrobial peptide that is used as a food preservative and is produced by strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. NisA antibodies were secreted by hybridomas derived from mice immunized with a nisA−keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate. Competitive direct enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (CD-ELISA) were devised whereby free nisA and nisA−horseradish peroxidase competed for antibody binding. The detection limit for nisA in this assay was 10 ng/mL. Antibodies also cross-reacted with nisin Z (nisZ). Mean concentrations of nisA and nisZ required to inhibit 50% antibody binding for the selected clones were 1180 and 3750 ng/mL, respectively. When the nisA CD-ELISA performance was assessed in spiked (250, 1250, and 5000 ng/g) spread cheese, the average recovery was 116.5%, with mean intra- and interassay coefficients of variation of 13.3 and 14.1%, respectively. Keywords: Nisin A; monoclonal antibodies; ELISA; lantibiotics; bacteriocins
Confined crystallization of anatase TiO2 nanotubes and their implications on transport properties (2013)

Nanotubes of TiO2 (anatase) and their ordered arrays are emerging, promising candidates as efficient host materials in many applications such as photovoltaic cells, batteries, sensors and catalysts/catalytic supports, but the interplay between these structures and their transport properties has been reported only rarely. Monodisperse, stoichiometric TiO2 nanotubes with smooth morphology and controlled wall thickness were fabricated by template-directed low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD), followed by annealing at elevated temperatures. We present a study on the wall thickness-dependent crystallization behaviors due to physical and/or self-confinement, as well as on the corresponding electrical properties. Over certain wall thicknesses, unexpectedly, our TiO2 nanotubes were found to be a new type of mesoporous wide gap semiconductor in which they possess similar porosity, but in terms of conductivity differ from previously known mesoporous photoanodes (i.e., anodized surfaces of Ti films and sintered films consisting of TiO2 nanoparticles). These results were ascribed to the large, elongated anatase domains (by a factor of up to 15–40 wall thicknesses) that developed via boosted crystal growth on porous alumina templates (physical confinement) as well as to the highly curved tubular shape (self-confinement). Indeed, nanotube arrays with walls thicker than 10 nm exhibited an enhancement in conductivity, by more than three orders of magnitude, compared to sintered, mesoporous TiO2 (anatase) particles, approaching the bulk value. The nearly single-crystalline TiO2 nanotubes presented here should allow for a good model system to study TiO2-based surface chemistry and have potential for many applications in photovoltaic and/or catalytic systems.
Molecular Modelling (2006)

This is chapter 3 of the book Structure Based Drug Discovery (Edited by Roderick E. Hubbard) which forms part of the RSC Biomolecular Sciences series. More information about this book and the whole series is available from www.rsc.org/biomolecularsciences, email: or the RSC Sales team(sales@rsc.org).
Studies on T‐cell receptors involved in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using the complementary peptide recognition approach (1995)

Based upon Blalock's complementary recognition approach, a complementary or antisense peptide (CP) was designed to the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) epitope peptide, rat myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide 72-82. This peptide (EAE CP) was shown to have some sequence similarities to T-cell receptors (TCR) and MHC II molecules in a sequence homology search. Solid-phase binding assays demonstrated specific and high affinity binding (3 and 4 microM) between the EAE CP and the rat and guinea pig EAE epitope peptides (Rt72-82 and Gp69-82), respectively. This EAE CP was also found to be immunogenic in rats in an ear swelling test for delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions and an ELISA for antibody responses. However, a rabbit antibody generated to EAE CP was shown to be unable to stain the V beta 8+ EAE susceptible T-cells in immunofluorescence analyses. This EAE CP was also used in attempts to down-regulate EAE and the results showed that prior immunization with EAE CP in complete Freund's adjuvant could not prevent the Lewis rats from developing EAE. Although the data on sense-antisense peptide interaction were positive and the EAE CP was immunogenic, the inability of EAE CP to regulate EAE indicates that the CP approach may not be generally applicable.
The Development of a Nurse-Led Internet-Based Learning and Self-care Program for Cancer Patients With Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression—A Part of U-CARE (2016)

This article suggests a theoretical foundation for an IHCA and allows researchers and healthcare providers to take part in the discussion regarding format and content of IHCAs.
Addressable configurations of DNA nanostructures for rewritable memory (2017)

DNA serves as nature's information storage molecule, and has been the primary focus of engineered systems for biological computing and data storage. Here we combine recent efforts in DNA self-assembly and toehold-mediated strand displacement to develop a rewritable multi-bit DNA memory system. The system operates by encoding information in distinct and reversible conformations of a DNA nanoswitch and decoding by gel electrophoresis. We demonstrate a 5-bit system capable of writing, erasing, and rewriting binary representations of alphanumeric symbols, as well as compatibility with 'OR' and 'AND' logic operations. Our strategy is simple to implement, requiring only a single mixing step at room temperature for each operation and standard gel electrophoresis to read the data. We envision such systems could find use in covert product labeling and barcoding, as well as secure messaging and authentication when combined with previously developed encryption strategies. Ultimately, this type of memory has exciting potential in biomedical sciences as data storage can be coupled to sensing of biological molecules.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of S‐Trifluoromethyl‐Containing α‐Amino Acids from Sodium Trifluoromethanesulfinate and Dithio‐Amino Acids. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
4-bit per cell NROM reliability (2006)

The realization of a 4-bit NROM cell is possible due to the two physically separated bits on each side of the cell. Only 4 Vt levels on each bit are required. Key features of a 4-bit product are optimized technology, accurate and fast programming algorithm (3MB/s write speed), no single bit failures and window sensing with moving reference as an error detection and correction scheme
Zinc trafficking 1. Probing the roles of proteome, metallothionein, and glutathione (2021)

The cellular trafficking pathways that conduct zinc to its sites of binding in functional proteins remain largely unspecified. In this study, the hypothesis was investigated that nonspecific proteomic binding sites serve as intermediates in zinc trafficking. Proteome from pig kidney LLC-PK1 cells contains a large concentration of such sites, displaying an average conditional stability constant of 1010-11, that are dependent on sulfhydryl ligands to achieve high-affinity binding of zinc. As a result, the proteome competes effectively with induced metallothionein for Zn2+ upon exposure of cells to extracellular Zn2+ or during in vitro direct competition. The reaction of added Zn2+ bound to proteome with apo-carbonic anhydrase was examined as a potential model for intracellular zinc trafficking. The extent of this reaction was inversely dependent upon proteome concentration and under cellular conditions thought to be negligible. The rate of reaction was strictly first order in both Zn2+ and apo-carbonic anhydrase, and also considered to be insignificant in cells. Adding the low molecular weight fraction of cell supernatant to the proteome markedly enhanced the speed of this reaction, a phenomenon dependent on the presence of glutathione (GSH). In agreement, inclusion of GSH accelerated the reaction in a concentration-dependent manner. The implications of abundant high-affinity binding sites for Zn2+ within the proteome are considered in relation to their interaction with GSH in the efficient delivery of Zn2+ to functional binding sites and in the operation of fluorescent zinc sensors as a tool to observe zinc trafficking.