gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extensive Divergence and Convergence in the Thalamocortical Projection to Monkey Somatosensory Cortex (1998)

This study examined the extent of thalamocortical divergence as a potential determinant of activity-dependent representational plasticity in area 3b of adult monkey somatosensory cortex. Single or paired injections of anterogradely transported tracers, of varying anteroposterior extent, were made horizontally from behind in defined parts of the body representation in the ventral posterior lateral (VPL) and/or ventral posterior medial (VPM) thalamic nuclei, and the distribution and density of labeled thalamocortical terminations were mapped in cortex. Injections of increasing size in any dimension of VPL or VPM resulted in increasing accumulation of labeled terminals within the region of projection, implying extensive convergence of individual axons. Anteroposteriorly elongated injections labeled mediolaterally extended but anteroposteriorly restricted zones in cortex. Dorsoventral placement of an injection in VPL or VPM determined anteroposterior location of labeling in cortex. Dual injections separated mediolaterally or dorsoventrally by approximately 1 mm, and in different parts of the thalamic body or head-face representation gave rise to labeled thalamocortical terminations that overlapped extensively. For injection sites at different anteroposterior levels in VPL or VPM, the area of cortical convergence was related to their extent of anteroposterior coincidence. Labeled terminations arising from injections in immediately adjacent parts of VPL and VPM did not overlap in cortex. The extent of thalamocortical divergence and convergence revealed by these experiments is greater than that predictable from labeling of single axons and is sufficiently great to account for representational plasticity that exceeds the 1.5 mm cortical "distance limit."
Long-term glutamate desensitization in locus coeruleus neurons and its role in opiate withdrawal (1995)

During opiate withdrawal, there is an elevated and prolonged efflux of glutamate and aspartate in the locus coeruleus (LC). The enhanced excitatory amino acid (EAA) release is thought to contribute to the withdrawal-induced activation of LC neurons and to the expression of the physical withdrawal syndrome. In this study, prolonged bath applications of glutamate to LC neurons in brain slices resulted in a slowly developing long-term glutamate desensitization (LTGD). LTGD was observed during extracellular recordings or in neurons voltage-clamped to -60mV, in both cases reaching a maximum of about a 50% reduction in the glutamate response. Responses in the desensitized cells gradually recovered within 3 h. Cyclothiazide, an inhibitor of rapid glutamate receptor desensitization did not prevent LTGD. LTGD could not be induced by prolonged applications of EAA agonists other than glutamate, either alone or in various combinations. However, after induction by glutamate, there was cross-desensitization to quisqualate but not to AMPA or NMDA. LTGD was blocked by either lowering extracellular Ca2+ concentrations or by treatment with the protein kinase C inhibitor chelerythrine but not by inhibitors of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase or nitric oxide synthase. Applications of the protein kinase C activator phorbol diacetate did not cause a decrease in glutamate responses indicating that an activation of protein kinase C may not be sufficient for desensitization to occur. A decrement of the glutamate response resembling LTGD occurred after treatment by the protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid or calyculin A. LC neurons in brain slices prepared from opiate-withdrawn rats exhibited glutamate responses that were initially desensitized and recovered within 3 h after withdrawal. These results suggest that LTGD in LC neurons may occur during opiate withdrawal and could contribute to the time course of LC hyperactivity and the associated behavioral withdrawal syndrome.
Improved Optical Degradation Characteristics of Eu Complex Encapsulated by High-Pressure Annealing (2011)

The instability of Eu complexes against ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation is an important problem to solve before they can be practically applied in white light-emitting diodes. A novel technique of encapsulating tris(2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonato)(1,10-phenanthroline)europium(III) [Eu(TTA)3phen] was investigated using high-pressure annealing (solvothermal process) as a final process in the sol–gel synthesis. The photoluminescence and excitation spectra of encapsulated Eu(TTA)3phen samples synthesized by solvothermal and conventional annealing processes were almost the same. A half brightness time of 589 min was achieved while irradiating with UV light of 360 nm and 5 mW/cm2 by optimization of ammonia concentration and annealing temperature. The longest half brightness time was longer than that of encapsulated Eu(TTA)3phen synthesized by conventional thermal treatment. One possible reason for this result is that the chemical reaction of the sol–gel based glass network occurs more efficiently with high-pressure annealing. As a result, a high encapsulating efficiency was achieved owing to the small amount of organic component in the sol–gel derived glass network.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Hydrophobically End‐Capped Poly(ethylene oxide)s [PEOs] (2006)

Abstract We report on the synthesis and characterization of a novel hydrophobically modified end‐capped poly(ethylene oxide)s. The end‐capping agent of this polymer was designed and synthesised from a renewable resource material namely, gallic acid (i.e. 3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoic acid), the byproduct of tannin industry. The hydroxyl groups at 3, 4 and 5 positions of gallic acid provide an opportunity for varying the hydrophobicity of the compound. The hydrophobic end‐capping compound, 3,4,5‐tridodecyloxy bezoylazide was prepared from gallic acid and PEGs with different chain lengths (of number average molecular weights, 10000 and 35000 g/mol) were end‐capped using 3,4,5‐tridodecyloxybenzoyl azide. The quantitative analysis of end‐capping in the polymers was demonstrated by 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy and the rheological studies were carried out in the surfactant solutions.
Classification via ensembles of basic thresholding classifiers (2016)

The authors present a sparsity‐based algorithm, basic thresholding classifier (BTC), for classification applications which is capable of identifying test samples extremely rapidly and performing high classification accuracy. They introduce a sufficient identification condition (SIC) under which BTC can identify any test sample in the range space of a given dictionary. By using SIC, they develop a procedure which provides a guidance for the selection of threshold parameter. By exploiting rapid classification capability, they propose a fusion scheme in which individual BTC classifiers are combined to produce better classification results especially when very small number of features is used. Finally, they propose an efficient validation technique to reject invalid test samples. Numerical results in face identification domain show that BTC is a tempting alternative to sparsity‐based classification algorithms such as greedy orthogonal matching pursuit and l 1 ‐minimisation.
Modified Fixed-Ratio Isobologram Method for Studying In Vitro Interactions between Atovaquone and Proguanil or Dihydroartemisinin against Drug-Resistant Strains of Plasmodium falciparum (2004)

A modified fixed-ratio isobologram method for studying the in vitro interactions between antiplasmodial drugs is described. This method was used to examine the interactions between atovaquone, proguanil, and dihydroartemisinin. The interaction between atovaquone and proguanil was synergistic against atovaquone-sensitive strains K1 and T996; however, there was a loss of synergy against atovaquone-resistant strain NGATV01 isolated after Malarone (the combination of atovaquone and proguanil) treatment failure. While the interaction between atovaquone and dihydroartemisinin was indifferent against isolate NGATV01, the interaction displayed indifference tending toward antagonism against the atovaquone-sensitive strains tested. The relevance of in vitro interactions to in vivo treatment is discussed.
Titanium dioxide photooxidation of thiocyanate: (SCN)2.cntdot.- studied by diffuse reflectance flash photolysis (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTitanium dioxide photooxidation of thiocyanate: (SCN)2.cntdot.- studied by diffuse reflectance flash photolysisR. Barton. Draper and Marye Anne. FoxCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 11, 4628–4634Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/j100374a048RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views232Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (856 KB) Get e-Alerts
Digital to Analog Conversion—Data and Filter Requirements (1995)

Ringing in the analog waveform caused by the filter response to the converted digital data is not a new problem. Early digital-based character generators for composite television applications caused significant ringing because the digital data produced too sharp an edge in the picture. Due to the specifications of component digital video these edge effects are once again becoming more apparent in television operations. This paper discusses the results of using 13.5 MHz luminance sampling to obtain flat analog bandwidth to 5.75 MHz and how the filter template required by the international standard will inevitably result in some noticeable ringing on fast picture transitions. Data requirements in the digital domain are analyzed using 2-T pulses an example while suggesting a different edge transition that will produce much less ringing. Designers are advised to consider the application of filters or edge processing to reduce the ringing due to digitally generated signals.
A two-level hybrid control strategy for the start-up of a coupled distillation plant (2003)

In this contribution, we suggest an efficient hierarchical hybrid control scheme for the start-up of a distillation plant consisting of two coupled distillation columns. The overall control task is decomposed into a set of low-level and high-level subtasks. Each of these subtasks can be solved with much less effort than the original specifications. Low-level tasks are solved by means of continuous feedback, whereas the high-level task is solved by a discrete supervisory controller operating on quantised measurement information and switching between continuous low-level controllers. The approach presented is set within a behavioural framework; it guarantees that the chosen interaction of low-level and high-level control does indeed enforce the specifications.
Neopterin as a new marker to detect acute rejection after heart transplantation. (1989)

Neopterin is excreted at high levels in the course of activation of the immunologic system during allograft rejection or viral infection. This pteridine therefore may be considered as a specific indicator of T cell-mediated immunity. With radioimmunoassay we analyzed both serum and urine levels of neopterin in 43 patients after orthotopic heart transplantation. These data were correlated to the histologic finding at routine endomyocardial biopsies (EMB). In case of rejection (that is, grades I to II or more in EMB) serum levels of neopterin increased about 156% +/- 94% within 1 week before EMB, whereas urine levels increased about 215% +/- 137%. The most marked increase was seen 2.8 days before the corresponding EMB. The predictive value theory was used to elaborate the reliability of the correlation between an increase of neopterin levels and the occurrence of an acute rejection episode. With regard to serum levels, sensitivity and specificity were 0.872 and 0.815, respectively. The positive predictive value was 0.41 and the negative predictive value was 0.977. We found similar results in urine levels.
A estratégia de ajustamento externo do Segundo Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento (1987)

RESUMO O objetivo principal deste artigo é discutir a estratégia de crescimento com dívida prevista no II PND e adotada no Brasil entre 1974 e 1979, como forma de fazer o ajuste externo da economia. Argumenta-se que, apesar dos equívocos cometidos pelas autoridades no Brasil em matéria de política econômica e em algumas decisões de investimento, a estratégia traçada no II PND e prosseguida no período de 1974 a 1979 desempenhou, em geral, um efeito positivo importante no ajuste das contas externas do Brasil, além de sustentar o crescimento econômico.
Electrophoretic concentration a simple and green approach for sample preparation (2017)

Electrophoretic concentration (EC) is an electric field-driven and environmentally friendly off-line sample preparation for charged analytes. EC was demonstrated for the enrichment of either six anionic pollutants or five cationic drugs from purified, drinking, river, or waste-water samples. EC provided analyte enrichment in 15-50 min with concentration factors of 30-249 and 12-243 for the negatively and positively charged analytes, respectively. A modification of the EC device enabled simultaneous EC and separation (SECS) of six cationic and anionic herbicides with concentration factors of 18-337 in 30 min. The potential of SECS has also been evaluated for the determination of high mobility ions in urine and the results obtained have been compared to common acetonitrile treatment of urine. SECS provided an enrichment of high mobility ions and revealed more peaks compared to the acetonitrile treatment.
Bromodomain Drug Discovery – the Past, the Present, and the Future (2018)

With the bromodomain (BRD) inhibitor JQ1, a remarkable success story of BRD4 as a novel drug target has been set off that yielded many anti-cancer drugs that are now in clinical trials. But not all of the great prospects of BRDs as drug targets may become true. First evaluations of ongoing clinical trials revealed that treatment with BET-inhibitors can be accompanied with significant toxic side effects and the validation of the therapeutic benefit of BET-inhibitors compared to existing therapies is still pending. New strategies that may overcome possible obstacles in BRD drug discovery include combination therapies with other agents, dual target inhibitors, and proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs). Furthermore, non-BET proteins seem promising drug targets as well. Most recently, BRDs have been identified as putative targets to treat parasitic diseases such as malaria. Milestones in BRD drug discovery are reviewed and promising new developments are evaluated.
Overexpression of OsCIPK30 Enhances Plant Tolerance to Rice stripe virus (2017)

<i>Rice stripe virus</i> (RSV) causes a severe disease in <i>Oryza sativa</i> (rice) in many Eastern Asian countries. The NS3 protein of RSV is a viral suppressor of RNA silencing, but plant host factors interacting with NS3 have not been reported yet. Here, we present evidence that expression of RSV NS3 in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> causes developmental abnormalities. Through yeast two-hybrid screening and a luciferase complementation imaging assay, we demonstrate that RSV NS3 interacted with OsCIPK30, a CBL (calcineurin B-like proteins)-interaction protein kinase protein. Furthermore, OsCIPK30 was overexpressed to investigate the function of OsCIPK30 in rice. Our investigation showed that overexpression of OsCIPK30 in rice could delay the RSV symptoms and show milder RSV symptoms. In addition, the expression of pathogenesis-related genes was increased in OsCIPK30 transgenic rice. These results suggest that overexpression of OsCIPK30 positively regulates pathogenesis-related genes to enhance the tolerance to RSV in rice. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying resistance to RSV disease.
Constructing a Foundational Platform Driven by Japan’s K Supercomputer for Next‐Generation Drug Design (2014)

The cost of pharmaceutical R&D has risen enormously, both worldwide and in Japan. However, Japan faces a particularly difficult situation in that its population is aging rapidly, and the cost of pharmaceutical R&D affects not only the industry but the entire medical system as well. To attempt to reduce costs, the newly launched K supercomputer is available for big data drug discovery and structural simulation-based drug discovery. We have implemented both primary (direct) and secondary (infrastructure, data processing) methods for the two types of drug discovery, custom tailored to maximally use the 88 128 compute nodes/CPUs of K, and evaluated the implementations. We present two types of results. In the first, we executed the virtual screening of nearly 19 billion compound-protein interactions, and calculated the accuracy of predictions against publicly available experimental data. In the second investigation, we implemented a very computationally intensive binding free energy algorithm, and found that comparison of our binding free energies was considerably accurate when validated against another type of publicly available experimental data. The common feature of both result types is the scale at which computations were executed. The frameworks presented in this article provide prospectives and applications that, while tuned to the computing resources available in Japan, are equally applicable to any equivalent large-scale infrastructure provided elsewhere.
Characterisation of a new rare fragile site easily confused with the fragile X (1992)

A new fragile site (FRAXE) in Xq28 is described. It appears to be a typical folate sensitive fragile site. The fragile site is not associated with mental retardation, it does not give abnormal results when subjected to Southern analysis with probe pfxa3 which detects the unstable DNA sequence characteristic of fragile X syndrome. In situ hybridization mapping locates the fragile site between 150 kb and 600 kb distal to FRAXA. The distinction between the two fragile sites is important clinically since cytogenetic detection of FRAXE, without molecular analysis, could result in misdiagnosis of fragile X syndrome.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from TGF-β Promotion of Gli2-Induced Expression of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein, an Important Osteolytic Factor in Bone Metastasis, Is Independent of Canonical Hedgehog Signaling (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from TGF-β Promotion of Gli2-Induced Expression of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein, an Important Osteolytic Factor in Bone Metastasis, Is Independent of Canonical Hedgehog Signaling
Mouse DTEF-1 (ETFR-1, TEF-5) Is a Transcriptional Activator in α1-Adrenergic Agonist-stimulated Cardiac Myocytes (2002)

alpha(1)-Adrenergic signaling in cardiac myocytes activates the skeletal muscle alpha-actin gene through an MCAT cis-element, the binding site of the transcriptional enhancer factor-1 (TEF-1) family of transcription factors. TEF-1 accounts for more than 85% of the MCAT binding activity in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Other TEF-1 family members account for the rest. Although TEF-1 itself has little effect on the alpha(1)-adrenergic activation of skeletal muscle alpha-actin, the related factor RTEF-1 augments the response and is a target of alpha(1)-adrenergic signaling. Here, we examined another TEF-1 family member expressed in cardiac muscle, DTEF-1, and observed that it also augmented the alpha(1)-adrenergic response of skeletal muscle alpha-actin. A DTEF-1 peptide-specific antibody revealed that endogenous DTEF-1 accounts for up to 5% of the MCAT binding activity in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. A TEF-1/DTEF-1 chimera suggests that alpha(1)-adrenergic signaling modulates DTEF-1 function. Orthophosphate labeling and immunoprecipitation of an epitope-tagged DTEF-1 showed that DTEF-1 is phosphorylated in vivo. alpha(1)-Adrenergic stimulation increased while phosphatase treatment lowered the MCAT binding by DTEF-1 and the endogenous non-TEF-1 MCAT-binding factor. In contrast, alpha(1)-adrenergic stimulation did not alter, and phosphatase treatment increased, MCAT binding of TEF-1 and RTEF-1. Taken together, these results suggest that DTEF-1 is a target for alpha(1)-adrenergic activation of the skeletal muscle alpha-actin gene in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes.
Superconducting and structural properties of the type-I superconductor PdTe2 under high pressure (2021)

The transition metal dichalcogenide PdTe$_2$ has attractive features based on its classification as a type-II Dirac semimetal and the occurrence of type-I superconductivity, providing a platform for discussion of a topological superconductor. Our recent work revealed that type-I superconductivity persists up to pressures of $\sim2.5$ GPa and the superconducting transition temperature $T_{\rm c}$ reaches a maximum at around 1 GPa, which is inconsistent with the theoretical prediction. To understand its non-monotonic variation and investigate superconductivity at higher pressures, we performed structural analysis by x-ray diffraction at room temperature below 8 GPa and electrical resistivity measurements at low temperatures from 1 to 8 GPa. With regard to the superconductivity beyond 1 GPa, the monotonic decrease in $T_{\rm c}$ is reproduced without any noticeable anomalies; $T_{\rm c}$ changes from 1.8 K at 1 GPa to 0.82 K at 5.5 GPa with $dT_{\rm c}/dP\sim-0.22$ K/GPa. The crystal structure with spacegroup $P$\={3}$m$1 is stable in the pressure range we examined. On the other hand, the normalized pressure-strain analysis (finite strain analysis) indicates that the compressibility changes around 1 GPa, suggesting that a Lifshitz transition occurs. We here discuss the effect of pressure on the superconducting and structural properties based on the comparison of these experimental results.
A 5Gb/s Transmitter with Reflection Cancellation for Backplane Transceivers (2006)

We present a 5Gb/s transmitter that cancels the reflected signals from any impedance discontinuity located at up to 64UI away from the transmitter and spread over 8UI interval. Measured results from our 0.11mum CMOS design reveal a 150mV eye-opening, from a nearly closed eye, when reflection cancellation is activated. The design consumes 510muA for the PLL operation, 60mA for data generation, and 50mA for data transmission, all from a 1.2V supply