gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Making routers last longer with ViAggre (2009)

Elucidating the molecular and biochemical details of bacterial infections can be challenging because of the many complex interactions that exist between a pathogen and its host. Consequently, many tools have been developed to aid the study of bacterial pathogenesis. Small molecules are a valuable complement to traditional genetic techniques because they can be used to rapidly perturb genetically intractable systems and to monitor post-translationally regulated processes. Activity-based probes are a subset of small molecules that covalently label an enzyme of interest based on its catalytic mechanism. These tools allow monitoring of enzyme activation within the context of a native biological system and can be used to dissect the biochemical details of enzyme function. This review describes the development and application of activity-based probes for examining aspects of bacterial infection on both sides of the host-pathogen interface.
Design of a Compact Heat Exchanger for Heat Recuperation From a High Temperature Electrolysis System (2008)

Design details of a compact heat exchanger and supporting hardware for heat recuperation in a high-temperature electrolysis application are presented. The recuperative heat exchanger uses a vacuum-brazed plate-fin design and operates between 300 and 800°C. It includes corrugated inserts for enhancement of heat transfer coefficients and extended heat transfer surface area. Two recuperative heat exchangers are required per each four-stack electrolysis module. The heat exchangers are mated to a base manifold unit that distributes the inlet and outlet flows to and from the four electrolysis stacks. Results of heat exchanger design calculations and assembly details are also presented.
Organ-Specific Extravasation of Albumin-Bound Evans Blue During Nonresuscitated Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats (2003)

Shock-induced enhanced capillary permeability is associated with alterations in the interstitial matrix composition and contributes to organ damage. This study was designed to evaluate albumin extravasation in various organ tissues during severe, hemorrhagic shock without fluid resuscitation and reperfusion. Target value of hemorrhagic shock was a reduction of cardiac output (CO) by 50% induced by removal of blood. Twelve anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (260-325 g) kept under continuous hemodynamic monitoring were randomly assigned to a group of hemorrhagic shock (n = 6) and a control group of normovolemic animals (n = 6). After 30 min of shock 50 mg/kg b.w. Evans blue (EB) was injected intravenously followed by an incubation period of 20 min. Exsanguination and wash out of the intravascular space was performed by a pressure-controlled perfusion with heparinized saline before harvesting organs to quantify albumin-bound EB extravasation. We found that withdrawal of 4.7 +/- 0.4 mL (mean, +/-SEM) blood, which accounts for 21.1% of the calculated total blood volume, resulted in a reduction of CO from 36.1 +/- 3.1 to 19.4 +/- 2.7 mL/min. Simultaneously, MAP decreased from 98 +/- 6 to 40 +/- 1 mmHg. In hemorrhaged rats, the interstitial concentration of EB in lung and kidney was significantly higher than observed in intact animals, whereas heart, spleen, liver, ileum, skeletal muscle, and skin showed no significant microvascular damage. We conclude that despite the absence of fluid resuscitation and reperfusion, microvascular damage in lung and kidney is evident within the first thirty minutes of hemorrhagic shock.
Aeromonas salmonicida Binds Differentially to Mucins Isolated from Skin and Intestinal Regions of Atlantic Salmon in an N -Acetylneuraminic Acid-Dependent Manner (2014)

Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection, also known as furunculosis disease, is associated with high morbidity and mortality in salmonid aquaculture. The first line of defense the pathogen encounters is the mucus layer, which is predominantly comprised of secreted mucins. Here we isolated and characterized mucins from the skin and intestinal tract of healthy Atlantic salmon and studied how A. salmonicida bound to them. The mucins from the skin, pyloric ceca, and proximal and distal intestine mainly consisted of mucins soluble in chaotropic agents. The mucin density and mucin glycan chain length from the skin were lower than were seen with mucin from the intestinal tract. A. salmonicida bound to the mucins isolated from the intestinal tract to a greater extent than to the skin mucins. The mucins from the intestinal regions had higher levels of sialylation than the skin mucins. Desialylating intestinal mucins decreased A. salmonicida binding, whereas desialylation of skin mucins resulted in complete loss of binding. In line with this, A. salmonicida also bound better to mammalian mucins with high levels of sialylation, and N-acetylneuraminic acid appeared to be the sialic acid whose presence was imperative for binding. Thus, sialylated structures are important for A. salmonicida binding, suggesting a pivotal role for sialylation in mucosal defense. The marked differences in sialylation as well as A. salmonicida binding between the skin and intestinal tract suggest interorgan differences in the host-pathogen interaction and in the mucin defense against A. salmonicida.
Discovery of new anticancer agents from higher plants (2011)

Small organic molecules derived from higher plants have been one of the mainstays of cancer chemotherapy for approximately the past half a century. In the present review, selected single chemical entity natural products of plant origin and their semi-synthetic derivatives currently in clinical trials are featured as examples of new cancer chemotherapeutic drug candidates. Several more recently isolated compounds obtained from plants showing promising in vivo biological activity are also discussed in terms of their potential as anticancer agents, with many of these obtained from species that grow in tropical regions. Since extracts of only a relatively small proportion of the ca. 300,000 higher plants on earth have been screened biologically to date, bioactive compounds from plants should play an important role in future anticancer drug discovery efforts.
Design, Development, and Evaluation of 5G-Enabled Vehicular Services: The 5G-HEART Perspective (2022)

The ongoing transition towards 5G technology expedites the emergence of a variety of mobile applications that pertain to different vertical industries. Delivering on the key commitment of 5G, these diverse service streams, along with their distinct requirements, should be facilitated under the same unified network infrastructure. Consequently, in order to unleash the benefits brought by 5G technology, a holistic approach towards the requirement analysis and the design, development, and evaluation of multiple concurrent vertical services should be followed. In this paper, we focus on the Transport vertical industry, and we study four novel vehicular service categories, each one consisting of one or more related specific scenarios, within the framework of the "5G Health, Aquaculture and Transport (5G-HEART)" 5G PPP ICT-19 (Phase 3) project. In contrast to the majority of the literature, we provide a holistic overview of the overall life-cycle management required for the realization of the examined vehicular use cases. This comprises the definition and analysis of the network Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) resulting from high-level user requirements and their interpretation in terms of the underlying network infrastructure tasked with meeting their conflicting or converging needs. Our approach is complemented by the experimental investigation of the real unified 5G pilot's characteristics that enable the delivery of the considered vehicular services and the initial trialling results that verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the presented theoretical analysis.
Antibodies in vivo. (1982)

Of all classes of compounds, antibodies provide the greatest range of specificities and affinities. The number of interatomic interactions between an antibody combining site and a large ligand such as a receptor far exceeds those between the common small ligand or drug and its corresponding binding site.1 As a result, there is increased selectivity and affinity. The very large number of potential antibody specificities provides an opportunity to create a finer degree of selectivity than is possible with simpler compounds. Modern studies in the molecular genetics of antibody synthesis indicate that potentially there are at least ten billion different antibody specificities.2,3 This should permit the selective recognition of any structure within the human body.
Ozone Cleavage of Olefins with Formation of Ester Fragments (1978)

High yields of esters, including dicarboxylic esters, are now directly accessible by ozonolysis of olefins and cyclic olefins in the anhydrous, HCl-containing solution of an alcohol.
Modeling charge transport in conjugated polymers (2006)

Previously, we presented a model for ion transport in conjugated polymers during electrochemical reduction. In this paper, we will present a more advanced model that includes hole transport, which was neglected in the first-cut model. This addition takes into account the interactions between holes and cations during transport. The result is that the front between oxidized and reduced material now propagates with constant velocity, instead of slowing down over time. Also, an electrolyte layer has been added to the model, and as a result the ion concentration behind the phase front is more accurately predicted.
Limited motion actuators for automotive applications (1996)

Electromechanical limited motion linear actuators are playing an increasingly important role in electrohydraulic automotive systems. A detailed understanding of the transient field distribution within the actuator and the influence of material properties and the geometry of the moving member is a clear pre-requisite to reliably predicting the dynamic performance of any electromechanical actuation system, which in turn facilitates design optimisation including the selection of the most appropriate magnetic materials to meet a given performance specification. To this end, a comprehensive dynamic system simulation facility has been developed, which is based around the calculation of the transient magnetic field distribution by nonlinear finite element analysis and the simultaneous solution of the coupled equations governing electrical drive circuit and the coupled mechanical system.
Boryl-Mediated Reversible H2 Activation at Cobalt: Catalytic Hydrogenation, Dehydrogenation, and Transfer Hydrogenation (2013)

We describe the synthesis of a cobalt(I)-N2 complex (2) supported by a meridional bis-phosphino-boryl (PBP) ligand. Complex 2 undergoes a clean reaction with 2 equiv of dihydrogen to afford a dihydridoboratocobalt dihydride (3). The ability of boron to switch between a boryl and a dihydridoborate conformation makes possible the reversible conversion of 2 and 3. Complex 3 reacts with HMe2N-BH3 to give a hydridoborane cobalt tetrahydridoborate complex. We explore this boryl-cobalt system in the context of catalytic olefin hydrogenation as well as amine-borane dehydrogenation/transfer hydrogenation.
A Rydberg atom-based mixer: Measuring the phase of a radio frequency wave (2019)

Rydberg atoms have been shown to be very useful in performing absolute measurements of the magnitude of a radio frequency (RF) field using electromagnetically induced transparency. However, there has been less success in using Rydberg atoms for the measurement of the phase of an RF field. Measuring the phase of a RF field is a necessary component for many important applications, including antenna metrology, communications, and radar. We demonstrate a scheme for measuring the phase of an RF field by using Rydberg atoms as a mixer to down-convert an RF field at 20 GHz to an intermediate frequency on the order of kHz. The phase of the intermediate frequency corresponds directly to the phase of the RF field. We use this approach to measure the phase shift on an electromagnetic wave from a horn antenna as the antenna is placed at different distances from the Rydberg atom sensor. The atom-based RF phase measurements allow us to measure the propagation constant of the RF wave to within 0.1% of the theoretical value.
Effect of anticoagulants on 162 circulating immune related proteins in healthy subjects (2017)

Diagnosis of complex disease and response to treatment is often associated with multiple indicators, both clinical and laboratorial. With the use of biomarkers, various mechanisms have been unraveled which can lead to better and faster diagnosis, predicting and monitoring of response to treatment and new drug development. With the introduction of multiplex technology for immunoassays and the growing awareness of the role of immune-monitoring during new therapeutic interventions it is now possible to test large numbers of soluble mediators in small sample volumes. However, standardization of sample collection and laboratory assessments remains suboptimal. We developed a multiplex immunoassay for detection of 162 immune related proteins in human serum and plasma. The assay was split in panels depending on natural occurring concentrations with a maximum of 60 proteins. The aim of this study was to evaluate precision, accuracy, reproducibility and stability of proteins when repeated freeze-thaw cycles are performed of this in-house developed panel, as well as assessing the protein signature in plasma and serum using various anticoagulants. Intra-assay variance of each mediator was <10%. Inter-assay variance ranged between 1.6 and 37% with an average of 12.2%. Recoveries were similar for all mediators (mean 99.8 ± 2.6%) with a range between 89-107%. Next we measured all mediators in serum, EDTA plasma and sodium heparin plasma of 43 healthy control donors. Of these markers only 19 showed similar expression profiles in the 3 different matrixes. Only 5 mediators were effected by multiple freeze-thawing cycles. Principal component analysis revealed different coagulants cluster separately and that sodium heparin shows the most consistent profile.
Divergence of thalamocortical projections and limits on somatosensory cortical plasticity (1996)

Paired intracortical injections of Fast Blue (FB) and Diamidino Yellow (DY) separated by 100-1500 μm were made in the first somatosensory area of monkeys by inserting crystals of dye into tracks of microelectrodes used to record receptive fields of neurons in area 3b. Each injection retrogradely labeled one or more elongated clusters of cells extending anteroposteriorly through the ventral posterior medial (VPM) or ventral posterior lateral (VPL) nucleus. Double labeled cells occurred only when distances between centers of injections were less than 600 μm. With separations greater than 600 μm, most clusters of retrogradely labeled cells contained mainly cells labeled by one dye. However, even with distances of 1–1. 5 mm, labeled clusters contained small but significant numbers of cells labeled with the other dye. The double labeling shows that the extent of intraortical arborization of single thalamocortical axons in area 3b is no greater than 600 μm. The extended distribution and overlap of single labeled cells shows that adjoining cells in the same thalamic representation can project to cortical targets as distant as 1.5 mm. The fine grain of the area 3b representation probably depends upon inputs from the majority population of each thalamic cell group. However, divergent and convergent projections from minority populations of the group form a pre-existing basis for rapid changes in the representational map when lemniscal activity is heightened or reduced.
Intermittency in a piecewise-linear circuit (1991)

The first example of the intermittency phenomenon observed from the canonical realization of Chua's circuit family is presented. The intermittency was confirmed by experiments on the laboratory circuit and by computer simulation of the circuit model. An analysis of the geometrical structure of the vector field is presented, and the mechanism of the intermittency is identified, as a codimension 1 bifurcation. The results enrich the dynamics and show that all three major routes to chaos can be found in this circuit family.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The role of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in memory and cognition (2015)

Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors (5-HT2ARs) are widely distributed in the central nervous system, especially in brain region essential for learning and cognition. In addition to endogenous 5-HT, several hallucinogens, antipsychotics, and antidepressants function by targeting 5-HT2ARs. Preclinical studies show that 5-HT2AR antagonists have antipsychotic and antidepressant properties, whereas agonist ligands possess cognition-enhancing and hallucinogenic properties. Abnormal 5-HT2AR activity is associated with a number of psychiatric disorders and conditions, including depression, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. In addition to its traditional activity as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), recent studies have defined novel operations of 5-HT2ARs. Here we review progress in the (1) receptor anatomy and biology: distribution, signaling, polymerization and allosteric modulation; and (2) receptor functions: learning and memory, hallucination and spatial cognition, and mental disorders. Based on the recent progress in basic research on the 5-HT2AR, it appears that post-training 5-HT2AR activation enhances non-spatial memory consolidation, while pre-training 5-HT2AR activation facilitates fear extinction. Further, the potential influence that 5-HT2AR-elicited visual hallucinations may have on visual cue (i.e., landmark) guided spatial cognition is discussed. We conclude that the development of selective 5-HT2AR modulators to target distinct signaling pathways and neural circuits represents a new possibility for treating emotional, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Applications of DNA Flow Cytometry and Fluorescence In situ Hybridization Using a Chromosome‐specific DNA Probe on Paraffin‐embedded Tissue Sections of Primary Malignant Melanomas (1994)

We have applied DNA flow cytometric analysis to paraffin-embedded tissue sections of primary malignant melanomas. Conventionally, flow cytometric analysis of paraffin-embedded tissue sections has been done by the method of Hedley et al. We added ultrasound treatment to the method of Hedley et al. and a lower value of coefficient of variation was shown. Furthermore, a new technique, fluorescence in situ hybridization with a chromosome-specific repetitive DNA probe, was used for the analysis of chromosomal numerical aberrations in the same paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The DNA flow cytometric analysis showed that in 8 cases six primary malignant melanomas were of the aneuploid pattern and two cases of lentigo maligna (melanoma in situ) were of the diploid pattern. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, the two cases with the diploid pattern had spots/nucleus of 1.28 and 1.12, and those with the aneuploid pattern had spots/nucleus from 2.01 to 2.27. Only one nodular melanoma in an aneuploid case showed spots/nucleus of 1.71. These data indicate that fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific repetitive DNA probes can serve as a cytogenetic tool for the analysis of interphase nuclei of solid human tumors and may be useful for the study of tumor cell heterogeneity.
Tensile properties of extruded Mg–8Sn–1Zn alloys subjected to different heat treatments (2010)

The tensile properties of extruded Mg–8Sn–1Zn alloys subjected to different heat treatments have been investigated. At room temperature, the alloy heat-treated at 500°C showed higher strength and ductility than the alloy heat-treated at 420°C. At 200°C, the former showed much larger tensile elongations than the latter, exhibiting 670% at a strain rate of 1.0 × 10−4 s−1. The better tensile properties in the former are attributed to grain refinement and the larger quantity of fine Mg2Sn particles.
Experimental Study of a Compressive Line Sensing System in a Hybrid Scattering Environment (2017)

This paper explores the compressive line sensing (CLS) imaging system in a hybrid turbulence and particle-induced scattering environment. The test facility and experimental prototype are presented. The experimental results are discussed.
Method to Design Power and Energy Capacity of Onboard Energy Storage Device for Emergency Operation Based on Simple Formulation (2022)

Recently, energy storage devices (ESDs) have been introduced to railway vehicles to operate even in an emergency case, such as a power outage. However, there have been no proposals for simultaneous design methods of power capacity and energy capacity of onboard ESD for emergency operation. In this paper, a model for the calculation of power and energy capacity of onboard ESD, which are utilized in an emergency case, is proposed. Furthermore, we propose a method to design the power and energy capacity of onboard ESD by considering the required power for traction and an auxiliary power supply system.
Electromagnetic Field Transformations of Near-Field Data Without Global Reference for Magnitude and Phase (2022)

&lt;p&gt;Some innovative near-field antenna measurement setups, e.g., UAV-based, have limited capabilites for providing a phase and magnitude reference to the receiver. Phaseless antenna measurements have always been an important topic for such scenarios, but they often suffer from the unreliability of nonconvex phase retrieval algorithms, necessity of extremely accurate magnitude measurements and strong oversampling requirements. A similar problem arises if the measured magnitudes are impaired, i.e., if the global magnitude reference is unreliable for instance due to drift. We present a linearized method to reconstruct the phases for measurements without a global phase reference as well as an inherently linear method to reconstruct the magnitudes for measurements without a global magnitude reference. The underlying assumption is that a drift in either the phase or the magnitude occurs during the field measurement. With the reconstructed, thus, fully consistent observation vector, standard electromagnetic field transformations are possible and yield accurate and reliable results.&lt;/p&gt;
Reconstructability-Aware Filtering and Forwarding of Time Series Data in Internet-of-Things Architectures (2015)

Time series stemming from monitored Internet-of-Things devices are expected to become one of the main Big Data enablers. If literally almost every object becomes connected, Internet-of-Things platforms will require systems that reduce the incoming data close to the data sources, e.g., On Gateway devices. Otherwise many systems will face problems with storage costs, bandwidth and energy consumption, and database I/O throughput limits. This paper presents a framework and a mechanism for reducing time series data in Internet-of-Things environments based on their reconstruct ability. A two-phase mechanism is described for analyzing, selecting, and enforcing appropriate data reduction handlers in a way that reduces load while maintaining a requested degree of reconstruct ability of the original data. The approach has been evaluated upon real data from publicly available time series. Along with a proof-of-concept that the reconstructed time series have 85% - 99.9% similarity to the original data sets despite having forwarded no more than 20% of the data, the evaluation has shown that our solution can estimate the reconstruct ability of the reduced time series during an analysis phase which usually does not need to last longer than some tens or hundreds of seconds.