gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of functional foods in the psychobiology of health and disease (2005)

The effect of psychological stress on health is becoming a serious concern, with figures from the World Health Organization showing that stress-related disorders affect nearly 450 million individuals worldwide. Heightened physiological stress responses and psychosocial factors have been linked to disease pathways such as hypertension and CVD. This has prompted significant interest within the scientific community, public health bodies and industry to employ interventions to control and reduce the impact of stress on health. There is now strong potential for functional foods to offer stress management benefits. Various physiological pathways have been targeted by specific dietary supplements for stress reduction, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system. Presently there are a number of ingredients, which include vitamin C, milk proteins, a number of herbal extracts (ginkgo biloba, ginseng, kava, valerian and lemon balm), and n-3 fatty acids, that have demonstrated potential stress reactivity-lowering and mood-enhancing effects, although further work is required to substantiate the efficacy in human subjects. Dietary supplements that can alleviate excessive stress responses may play an increasingly important role for the maintenance of health in a stressful environment. However, future research should employ a greater range of measures that will provide stronger evidence to substantiate functional food claims for stress relief.
Querying the RDF: Small Case Study in the Bicycle Sale Domain (2004)

We examine the suitability of RDF, RDF Schema (as simple ontology language), and RDF repository Sesame, for providing the backend to a prospective domain-specific web search tool, targeted at the o#er of bicycles and their components. Actual data for the RDF repository are to be extracted by analysis modules of a distributed knowledge-based system named Rainbow . Attention is paid to the comparison of di#erent query languages and to the design of application-specific templates.
Identification of Three New Genes Involved in Morphogenesis and Antibiotic Production inStreptomyces coelicolor (2003)

We report the isolation and partial characterization of three new mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor that are defective in morphogenesis and antibiotic production. The genes identified by the mutations were located and cloned by using a combination of Tn5 in vitro mutagenesis, cotransformation, and genetic complementation. Mutant SE69 produces lower amounts of antibiotics than the wild type produces, produces spores only after prolonged incubation on rich media, and identifies a gene whose predicted protein product is similar to the GntR family of transcriptional regulators; also, production of aerial mycelia on both rich and poor media is significantly delayed in this mutant. Mutant SE293 is defective in morphogenesis, overproduces antibiotics on rich media, fails to grow on minimal media, and identifies a gene whose predicted protein product is similar to the TetR family of transcriptional regulators. Preliminary evidence suggests that the SE293 gene product may control a molybdopterin binding protein located immediately adjacent to it. Mutant SJ175 sporulates sooner and more abundantly than the wild type and overproduces antibiotics on rich media, and it identifies a gene whose predicted protein product contains regions of predominantly hydrophobic residues similar to those of integral membrane proteins.
Reaction of trans-dichloro(ethylene)pyridineplatinum(II) complexes with substituted pyridines and ethylene: mechanism of ligand exchange and attack of free base on the co-ordinated olefin. Preparation of two zwitterionic complexes containing platinum–carbon σ-bonds (1977)

Two complexes of formula trans-[Pt(CH2CH2L)CI2L](L = 4-methylpyridine or 3,5-dimethylpyridine) have been prepared by nucleophilic attack of the free amine on the co-ordinated ethylene of trans-[Pt(C2H4)Cl2L]. Such a reaction occurs only with the more basic and less hindered pyridines. The free pyridines also exhibit nucleophilic attack on the metal centre leading to a pyridine-exchange reaction. The free energy of activation for the exchange process is <42 kJ mol–1 for all the pyridines with the exception of 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine for which the free energy of activation is >80 kJ mol–1. In the presence of free ethylene, exchange between free and complexed olefin occurs. Also in this case the exchange process takes place through attack of the free ethylene on the metal centre and formation of a five-co-ordinate bis(ethylene) transition state, The free energy of activation for this process is <43 kJ mol–1 for unhindered pyridines and >76 kJ mol–1 for pyridines with two methyl substituents in the ortho positions.
Low-frequency conductivity tensor imaging with a single current injection using DT-MREIT (2021)

Diffusion tensor-magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (DT-MREIT) is an imaging modality to obtain low-frequency anisotropic conductivity distribution employing diffusion tensor imaging and MREIT techniques. DT-MREIT is based on the linear relationship between the conductivity and water self-diffusion tensors in a porous medium, like the brain white matter. Several DT-MREIT studies in the literature provide cross-sectional anisotropic conductivity images of tissue phantoms, canine brain, and the human brain. In these studies, the conductivity tensor images are reconstructed using the diffusion tensor and current density data acquired by injecting two linearly independent current patterns. In this study, a novel reconstruction algorithm is devised for DT-MREIT to reconstruct the conductivity tensor images using a single current injection. Therefore, the clinical applicability of DT-MREIT can be improved by reducing the total acquisition time, the number of current injection cables, and contact electrodes to half by decreasing the number of current injection patterns to one. The proposed method is evaluated utilizing simulated measurements and physical experiments. The results obtained show the successful reconstruction of the anisotropic conductivity distribution using the proposed single current DT-MREIT.
Thermochemical water splitting for hydrogen production. Annual report, 1 January-31 December 1979 (1980)

Investigation of the sulfur-iodine process at General Atomic Company (GA) continued during 1979. The major accomplishment for this year was the incorporation of most of the process improvements, developed under the Gas Research Institute (GRI)/GA-sponsored chemistry investigation program, into the engineering flow sheet, resulting in a process thermal efficiency of 47 percent. The effort has centered principally on six areas: (1) Investigation of the thermodynamics of the main solution reaction (2H2O + SO2 + xI2 - 2HIx + H2SO4) to develop a model of the system. (2) Investigation of the H2SO4 boost reaction to increase the yield of sulfuric acid from the main reaction. (3) Support of the flow sheet effort to incorporate chemistry process improvements into the process. (4) Investigation of decomposition of hydrogen iodide in the liquid phase. (5) Investigation of vapor pressures and solubilities associated with the lower phase process mixtures and other HI/I-containing process liquids. (6) Investigation of the gas-liquid phase relationships resulting from treatment of the lower phase. The results achieved in these areas are described in detail in this report.
An Overview of the Aerosol Deposition Method: Process Fundamentals and New Trends in Materials Applications (2015)

Ceramic materials typically have to be sintered at high temperatures, often above 1000 °C. This precludes the coating of lower-melting substrate materials, such as metals, glasses and polymers, with dense and robust thin or thick ceramic films. In addition, decomposition or uncontrolled volatilization of the ceramic components can occur at elevated temperatures. As an alternative, the Aerosol Deposition (AD) method is a spray coating process to produce dense and nanocrystalline ceramic films at room temperature directly from an initial bulk powder on almost any substrate material with no need for sintering. This great potential attracts the attention of a growing number of research groups as reflected by a rapidly growing number of publications. The objective of this review is to give a holistic overview of the AD science and technology. It describes typical process equipment and parameters and starting powder and resulting film characteristics. Special attention is given to Al2O3, TiO 2, BaTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, as they represent a few of the most frequently used ceramics in AD. Aerosol Deposition of many other materials are also described to demonstrate the versatility of this new technology, its ability to realize novel combinations of materials and microstructures, and its suitability for future applications. Also discussed is the current state of understanding of aerosol deposition behavior and the experimental and modeling approaches used to explain the primary aerosol deposition mechanism(s).
A method for stabilising an air-spaced Fabry-Perot etalon (1977)

A simple method is described for stabilising the optical thickness of the air gap in a piezoelectric Fabry-Perot etalon. The spacing between the plates is controlled by an error signal proportional to the difference in intensity of two orthogonally polarised modes of a frequency stabilised He-Ne laser.
A spatio-temporal approach to collaborative filtering (2009)

In this paper, we propose a novel spatio-temporal model for collaborative filtering applications. Our model is based on low-rank matrix factorization that uses a spatio-temporal filtering approach to estimate user and item factors. The spatial component regularizes the factors by exploiting correlation across users and/or items, modeled as a function of some implicit feedback (e.g., who rated what) and/or some side information (e.g., user demographics, browsing history). In particular, we incorporate correlation in factors through a Markov random field prior in a probabilistic framework, whereby the neighborhood weights are functions of user and item covariates. The temporal component ensures that the user/item factors adapt to process changes that occur through time and is implemented in a state space framework with fast estimation through Kalman filtering. Our spatio-temporal filtering (ST-KF hereafter) approach provides a single joint model to simultaneously incorporate both spatial and temporal structure in ratings and therefore provides an accurate method to predict future ratings. To ensure scalability of ST-KF, we employ a mean-field approximation for inference. Incorporating user/item covariates in estimating neighborhood weights also helps in dealing with both cold-start and warm-start problems seamlessly in a single unified modeling framework; covariates predict factors for new users and items through the neighborhood. We illustrate our method on simulated data, benchmark data and data obtained from a relatively new recommender system application arising in the context of Yahoo! Front Page.
Estimating Ultralow Permeability at Multiple Locations Using Simultaneous-Impulse Tests: A Fit-for-Purpose Pressure-Transient Solution and Its Field Application (2018)

Summary One of the major challenges in efficiently developing ultratight or shale reservoirs is to obtain reliable permeability distribution. Ultralow permeability and very strong stratification or heterogeneity in the formations require conducting long-duration tests at multiple locations in a well to attain a complete reservoir characterization. Because of these characteristics, existing tools or methods that work well for conventional reservoirs are usually not applicable for ultralow-permeability formations. An innovative reservoir-monitoring/testing tool system was developed and successfully applied to fields in both the United States and Canada (Zhan et al. 2016). The tool created multiple pressure pulses at targeted locations simultaneously along monitoring wells for zonal in-situ permeability estimations as well as long-term formation-pressure monitoring. Existing pressure-transient solutions are incapable of handling the measured data when potential zonal-pressure interferences appear. A fit-for-purpose pressure solution, the associated optimization algorithm, and a suitable data-interpretation work flow were developed to analyze the data whenever commercial software tools are inadequate. The new solution fully considers all impulses as well as potential interferences among them through suitable superposition. In-situ permeability values at all involved zones can be obtained through a combination of individual-impulse analyses and systematic multiple-impulse inversions. The new pressure-transient solution was verified through comprehensive synthetic cases using numerical simulations. The results show that the solution can handle either fully or partially open wellbores in each zone and properly considers crossflow between formation layers. In addition, it allows any number of perforated intervals and formation layers where the number of perforated intervals is fewer than that of the formation layers. Field examples demonstrate the applicability of the new solution and the data-interpretation work flow to formation permeability down to tens of nanodarcies. The detailed zonal-permeability distribution in the formation enables a more-representative reservoir model for better hydraulic-fracturing design and field-development optimization.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Formamidines. Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,1‐Disubstituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Performance Analysis and Design Optimization of LDPC-Coded MIMO OFDM Systems (2004)

We consider the performance analysis and design optimization of low-density parity check (LDPC) coded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems for high data rate wireless transmission. The tools of density evolution with mixture Gaussian approximations are used to optimize irregular LDPC codes and to compute minimum operational signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for ergodic MIMO OFDM channels. In particular, the optimization is done for various MIMO OFDM system configurations, which include a different number of antennas, different channel models, and different demodulation schemes; the optimized performance is compared with the corresponding channel capacity. It is shown that along with the optimized irregular LDPC codes, a turbo iterative receiver that consists of a soft maximum a posteriori (MAP) demodulator and a belief-propagation LDPC decoder can perform within 1 dB from the ergodic capacity of the MIMO OFDM systems under consideration. It is also shown that compared with the optimal MAP demodulator-based receivers, the receivers employing a low-complexity linear minimum mean-square-error soft-interference-cancellation (LMMSE-SIC) demodulator have a small performance loss (< 1dB) in spatially uncorrelated MIMO channels but suffer extra performance loss in MIMO channels with spatial correlation. Finally, from the LDPC profiles that already are optimized for ergodic channels, we heuristically construct small block-size irregular LDPC codes for outage MIMO OFDM channels; as shown from simulation results, the irregular LDPC codes constructed here are helpful in expediting the convergence of the iterative receivers.
HETEROGENEITY OF CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (1975)

Monosaccharide compositions of Con A-reactive CEA (CEA-M) and Con A-nonreactive CEA (CEA-P) separated from two different samples of CEA were analysed by gas liquid chromatography. It was revealed that all CEA subfractions possessed N-acetylglucosamine, fucose, and galactose residues. One out of 4 subfractions did not contain sialic acid and another one lacked glucose in its carbohydrate moiety. N-acetylgalactosamine was not detected in measurable amount in any of the 4 subfractions. A large amount of mannose was found in CEA-M, but only a small amount in CEA-P.
A mathematical approach for mission planning and rehearsal (2006)

The world that we live in is filled with large scale agent systems, from diverse fields such as biology, ecology or finance. Inspired by the desire to better understand and make the best out of these systems, we propose an approach which builds stochastic mathematical models, in particular G-networks models, that allow the efficient representation of systems of agents and offer the possibility to analyze their behavior using mathematics. This work complements our previous results on the discrete event simulation of adversarial tactical scenarios. We aim to provide insights into systems in terms of their performance and behavior, to identify the parameters which strongly influence them, and to evaluate how well individual goals can be achieved. With our approach, one can compare the effects of alternatives and chose the best one available. We model routine activities as well as situations such as: changing plans (e.g. destination or target), splitting forces to carry out alternative plans, or even changing on adversary group. Behaviors such as competition and collaboration are included. We demonstrate our approach with some urban military planning scenarios and analyze the results. This work can be used to model the system at different abstraction levels, in terms of the number of agents and the size of the geographical location. In doing so, we greatly reduce computational complexity and save time and resources. We conclude the paper with potential extensions of the model, for example the arrival of reinforcements, the impact of released chemicals and so on.
Porphyrins for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells covering the near-IR region (2013)

A series of new porphyrins (LWP1–4) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were prepared by attaching pyrene or a 4-dimethylaminophenyl group in combination with anthracene to modify the porphyrin core. Fundamental studies showed that incorporation of these moieties renders feasible tuning of spectral and redox properties of the porphyrins. Significantly, DSSCs adopting the LWP1 dye exhibit energy conversion up to 800 nm without compromising the overall efficiency. This achievement is attributed to the collective effects of the broadened and red-shifted IPCE spectra, elevated energy levels at the excited states of the dyes, suitable dye soaking processes, and suitable electron-donating substituents.
Using Deep Learning for Detecting Spoofing Attacks on Speech Signals (2015)

It is well known that speaker verification systems are subject to spoofing attacks. The Automatic Speaker Verification Spoofing and Countermeasures Challenge -- ASVSpoof2015 -- provides a standard spoofing database, containing attacks based on synthetic speech, along with a protocol for experiments. This paper describes CPqD's systems submitted to the ASVSpoof2015 Challenge, based on deep neural networks, working both as a classifier and as a feature extraction module for a GMM and a SVM classifier. Results show the validity of this approach, achieving less than 0.5\% EER for known attacks.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES OF CHROMIUM(II) WITH SOME NEUTRAL OXYGEN‐DONOR LIGANDS (1978)

Abstract Die Cr(II)‐ Komplexe (I)‐(III) werden durch Umsetzung von hydratisierten Cr(II)‐halogeniden mit Harnstoffen oder Biuret in Ethanol synthetisiert.
Pharmacodynamic analysis of an agonistic antibody to the costimulatory receptor GITR (2015)

Meeting abstracts GITR/TNFRSF18 is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily preferentially expressed on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and activated T effector cells. Antibody agonists to GITR claim two distinct mechanisms to overcome the repressive tumor microenvironment and drive anti-tumor efficacy
Engineering the Intersubband Lifetime with Interface Roughness in Quantum Cascade Lasers (2012)

Due to interface roughness scattering, the lower laser state depopulation lifetime of Quantum Cascade lasers can be significantly reduced (e.g. from 0.25 to 0.09 picosecond theoretically) by placing additional interfaces strategically in the active region.
Molecular basis of erythrocyte invasion byPlasmodiummerozoites (2016)

This chapter focuses primarily on the erythrocyte-invasive properties of the two human malaria parasites, P. falciparum and P. vivax. Invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium merozoites is an intricate biological process that is interwoven between different physiological steps and requires a cascade of specific ligand–receptor interactions at the parasite–erythrocyte interface. Advances in several new technologies based in genomics, proteomics, microarrays, genetic manipulation and methods to produce invasive extracellular merozoites have significantly enhanced understanding of the complex invasion process at the molecular level. The apical organelles play an important role in merozoite invasion of the host erythrocyte and harbor a number of parasite proteins that are secreted on the merozoite surface during the different steps of invasion. The entire invasion process is mediated by a number of specific ligand-receptor interactions at the parasite-host cell interface. P. falciparum has the ability to utilize several invasion pathways involving different ligands and receptors.
Evaluation of emissions and control technology for industrial stoker boilers. Final report, October 1977-October 1980 (1981)

The report gives results of a three-phase program to evaluate emissions and control technology for industrial stoker boilers. In Phase I, emission characteristics were determined for a variety of coals fired in a 200-kW stoker boiler. It was observed that significant amounts of sulfur were retained in the lignite and western subbituminous coals. Fuel nitrogen conversion to NO was found to be between 10 and 20%. In addition, a limestone/coal fuel pellet was developed and found effective in capturing 80% of the fuel sulfur. Phase II focused on identifying and evaluating potential control concepts. Using an 8-MW spreader stoker boiler, it was found that improved control of combustion air (i.e., underfire and overfire air) resulted in lower excess air operation (improved efficiency), reduced particulate loading, smoke, CO and NO emissions, and no effect on SO2 levels. The limestone/coal pellet (Ca/S=7) was successfully fired, achieving 75% SO2 reduction. In Phase III, the limestone/coal fuel pellet was refined. A pellet was produced that had physical properties that could survive an industrial coal handling system. This pellet (Ca/S=3.5) was fired in the 8-MW boiler, achieving sulfur captures of 50%. The cost of this pellet would add approximately $1/million Btu to the cost ofmore » the raw high-sulfur coal.« less