gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multitask Particle Swarm Optimization With Dynamic Transformation (2023)

Multitask optimization (MTO) mainly utilizes knowledge transfer among tasks to address multiple optimization problems in parallel. However, the decision space dimensions of different tasks often differ, which leads to the failure of knowledge transfer. Therefore, it is a challenging problem to transfer knowledge among tasks with different dimensions to achieve parallel optimization of multiple tasks. To address this problem, multitask particle swarm optimization with a dynamic transformation strategy (MTPSO-DTS) is proposed to improve the performance of MTO. First, an intertask similarity index based on gradient information and location information is designed to dynamically assess the degree of similarity among different tasks. Then, the intertask similarity is determined to assist the transformation of dimensions. Second, a dynamic transformation strategy based on intertask similarity is developed to achieve a uniform representation of different dimension knowledge, including dimension supplementation and dimension reduction. Then, the MTPSO-DTS algorithm, which takes advantage of the search characteristics of particle swarm optimization, can facilitate knowledge transfer among tasks with different dimensions. Third, the convergence of the MTPSO-DTS algorithm is analyzed to verify the validity theoretically. Finally, numerical comparison experiments on benchmark problems and a practical application are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the MTPSO-DTS algorithm. The results indicate that the proposed MTPSO-DTS algorithm can facilitate knowledge transfer among tasks of different dimensions to promote parallel optimization of multiple tasks.
Testing of an air cooled slagging combustor for coal fired boilers and combined cycle plants (1993)

This paper describes recent results of a five year development effort on a 20 MMBtu/hr slagging, coal combustor that was retrofitted to an oil designed package boiler. In addition to the efficiency benefits of regenerative air cooling, this combustor internally controls SO2 and NOx emissions. Injection of calcium based sorbents into the combustor with coal firing have yielded in recent tests SO2 reductions, as measured at the boiler outlet, in the range of 85%. Under these same conditions, i.e. with staged combustion and with high combustion efficiency, the NOx emissions were reduced by about two-thirds to less than 200 ppm. Tests were also performed in the dioxin reductions were measured in the stack. To date, the combustor has operated for about 1400 hours, with about one-third of the time on coal and the balance of oil and gas. Shorter duration test were also conducted with refuse derived fuel, and heavy oil. A number of 90 to 100 hours of continuous tests have been performed with daytime operation of coal and overnight operation at low gas fired heat input. Current test efforts are focused on automatic computer control of the combustor and durability tests with plans for continuous coal fired operationmore » at full load for up 100 hour periods. In addition, performance, plant layout, and cost analyses have been performed on a 20 MW industrial combined gas turbine-steam turbine power plant using coal fired air cooled cyclone combustor. The plant efficiencies are in the 30% range, and the capital costs in the $1200 to $1400 range. This is significantly lower in cost than alternate coal technologies at similar plant sizes.« less
Real-time photometric registration from arbitrary geometry (2012)

Visually coherent rendering for augmented reality is concerned with seamlessly blending the virtual world and the real world in real-time. One challenge in achieving this is the correct handling of lighting. We are interested in applying real-world light to virtual objects, and compute the interaction of light between virtual and real. This implies the measurement of the real-world lighting, also known as photometric registration. So far, photometric registration has mainly been done through capturing images with artificial light probes, such as mirror balls or planar markers, or by using high dynamic range cameras with fish-eye lenses. In this paper, we present a novel non-invasive system, using arbitrary scene geometry as a light probe for photometric registration, and a general AR rendering pipeline supporting real-time global illumination techniques. Based on state of the art real-time geometric reconstruction, we show how to robustly extract data for photometric registration to compute a realistic representation of the real-world diffuse lighting. Our approach estimates the light from observations of the reconstructed model and is based on spherical harmonics, enabling plausible illumination such as soft shadows, in a mixed virtual-real rendering pipeline.
1747 Interface Structure and Strength Recovery by Self-Healing of Interracial Debonding in Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (2005)

A technique for self-healing of interfacial debonding in FRPs (fiber-reinforced polymers) is studied. Healing is accomplished by incorporating a microcapsulated healing agent and catalytic chemical trigger within a coating layer on the surface of the fibers. Self-healing is demonstrated on flat tensile specimens of neat epoxy and unidirectional FRPs. The ratio of tensile strengths of the virgin and healed materials (healing efficiency) is used to quantitatively measure crack healing. The effects of healing conditions and microcapsule diameter on healing efficiency are investigated. Finite element method was used to investigate the state of stress around microcapsules due to uniaxial tensile loadings. Microstructures of the fracture surfaces of specimens was also examined by SEM (scanning electron microscope).
Scientific Studies In Vitro Bone Production Using Stem Cells Derived From Human Dental Pulp (2006)

To harvest bone for autologous grafting is a daily problem encountered by craniofacial and oral surgeons. Stem cells derived from human dental pulp are able to differentiate in osteoblasts and are a potential source of autologous bone produced in vitro. The authors describe their preliminary results in this new field with its potential application in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Dental pulp was gently extracted from 34 human permanent teeth (all third molars) of patients 19 to 37 years of age. After they were digested, the cells were selected using a cytometer for c-kit, STRO-1, CD34, CD45, and then for CD44 and RUNX-2. This study, made on a considerable number of cases, provided evidence that dental pulp is extremely rich in stem cells, which were c-kit/CD34/STRO-1/ CD45, capable of differentiation toward several stromal-derived differentiated cells and mainly osteoblasts. These findings, supported by the large number of cases, are of great interest for tissue regeneration, tissue-based clinical therapies, and transplantation.
Multidimensional Coded Modulation in Block-Fading Channels (2007)

We study the problem of constructing coded modulation schemes over multidimensional signal sets in Nakagami-m block-fading channels. In particular, we consider the optimal diversity reliability exponent of the error probability when the multidimensional constellation is obtained as the rotation of classical complex-plane signal constellations. We show that multidimensional rotations of full dimension achieve the optimal diversity reliability exponent, also achieved by Gaussian constellations. Multidimensional rotations of full dimension induce a large decoding complexity, and in some cases it might be beneficial to use multiple rotations of smaller dimension. We also study the diversity reliability exponent in this case, which yields the optimal rate-diversity-complexity tradeoff in block-fading channels with discrete inputs.
Recent Developments in Air Particulate Monitoring (1975)

During the past 50 years, man has become acutely aware of the air pollution pervading our environment. Thus he has focused a considerable amount of scientific study on the chemical and physical properties of gaseous and particulate contaminants. A key element in the classification of particulate pollution is the sampling procedure used to collect particles, with the emphasis on separating the respirable from the non-respirable fraction. Generally, impaction techniques have been utilized for size collection of particulates, but these procedures can be affected by the nature of the impaction collection technique which can cause the particles to bounce from one stage to the next, particularly when larger sample quantities are desired for chemical analysis and gravimetrics. Recently EPA, working with several other investigators, perfected a dichotomous collection device, based on virtual impaction principles, which separates and collects particles into two size ranges, 0 to 3.5 microns and 3.5 to 20 microns. Particle bounce at the collection surface is not a problem with this sampler because particles are captured by filtration. The operation and design of manual and automated virtual impactors are discussed. In addition, the application of x-ray fluorescence to the analysis of particulates collected with the dichotomous sampler is described.
DRAM-Aware Last-Level Cache Writeback: Reducing Write-Caused Interference in Memory Systems (2018)

Read and write requests from a processor contend for the main memory data bus. System performance depends heavily on when read requests are serviced since they are required for an application’s forward progress whereas writes do not need to be performed immediately. However, writes eventually have to be written to memory because the storage required to buffer them on-chip is limited. In modern high bandwidth DDR (Double Data Rate)-based memory systems write requests significantly interfere with the servicing of read requests by delaying the more critical read requests and by causing the memory bus to become idle when switching between the servicing of a write and read request. This interference significantly degrades overall system performance. We call this phenomenon write-caused interference. To reduce write-caused interference, this paper proposes a new last-level cache writeback policy, called DRAM-aware writeback. The key idea of the proposed technique is to aggressively send out writeback requests that are expected to hit in DRAM row buffers before they would normally be evicted by the last-level cache replacement policy and have the DRAM controller service as many writes as possible together. Doing so not only reduces the amount of time to service writes by improving their row buffer locality but also reduces the idle bus cycles wasted due to switching between the servicing of a write and a read request. DRAM-aware writeback improves system performance by 7.1% and 12.8% on single and 4-core systems respectively. The performance benefits of the mechanism increases in systems with prefetching since such systems have higher contention between reads and writes in the DRAM system
Final report on EURAMET supplementary comparison EURAMET.EM.RF-S27: 'Antenna factor for loop antennas' (2014)

The comparison of a loop antenna factor measurement has been performed. One of the motivations for this comparison was that since the last comparison in this field (CCEM.RF-S21.F), several National Metrology Institutes have implemented the calibration capabilities for antenna measurements. The second motivation is that the loop antennas are typically working over a large frequency range, in this case 10 Hz to 30 MHz. For the calibration over this frequency span, two ranges are distinguished: the low frequency range where Alternating Current (AC) techniques should be used, and the high frequency range where Radio-Frequency (RF) measurement techniques are applied. The comparison shows that the participants were able to measure within the declared uncertainties.
Functional analysis of heterologous holin proteins in a Î»ÎS genetic background (2000)

Holins are small hydrophobic proteins causing non-specific membrane lesions at the end of bacteriophage multiplication, to promote access of the murein hydrolase to their substrate. We have established a lambdaDeltaS genetic system, which enables functional expression of holins from various phages in an isogenic phage lambda background, and allows qualitative evaluation of their ability to support lysis of Escherichia coli cells. Synthesis of Holins is under control of native lambda transcription and translation initiation signals, and the temperature-sensitive CIts857 repressor. A number of different holins were tested in this study. The opposing action of phage lambda S105 and S107 holin variants in lysis timing could be confirmed, whereas we found evidence for a functionally non-homologous dual translational start motif in the Listeria phage Hol500 holin, i.e., the Hol500-96 polypeptide starting at Met-1 revealed a more distinct lytic activity as compared to the shorter product Hol500-93. The largest holin known, HolTW from a Staphylococcus aureus phage, revealed an early lysis phenotype in the lambdaDeltaSthf background, which conferred a plaque forming defect due to premature lysis. Mutant analysis revealed that an altered C-terminus and/or a V52L substitution were sufficient to delay lysis and enable plaque formation. These results suggest that the extensively charged HolTW C-terminus may be important in regulation of lysis timing. The gene 17.5 product of E. coli phage T7 was found to support sudden, saltatory cell lysis in the lambdaDeltaSthf background, which clearly confirms its holin character. In conclusion, lambdaDeltaSthf offers a useful genetic tool for studying the structure-function relationship of the extremely heterogeneous group of holin protein orthologs.
Pixel Read-Out Architectures for the NA62 GigaTracker (2008)

Beam particles in NA62 experiment are measured with a Si-pixel sensor having a size of 300 μm x 300 μm and a time resolution of 150 ps (rms). To meet the timing requirement an adequate strategy to compensate the discriminator time-walk must be implemented and an R&amp;D effort investigating two different options is ongoing. In this presentation we describe the two different approaches. One is based on the use of a constant-fraction discriminator followed by an on-pixel TDC. The other one is based on the use of a Time-over-Threshold circuit followed by a TDC shared by a group of pixels. The global architectures of both the front-end ASIC will be discussed.
Nonequilibrium coherence dynamics of a soft boson lattice (2006)

We study the nonequilibrium evolution of the phase coherence of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional optical lattice as the lattice array is suddenly quenched from a highly-number-squeezed to a superfluid state. We observe slowly damped phase coherence oscillations in the regime of large filling factor ($\ensuremath{\sim}100$ bosons per site) at a frequency proportional to the generalized Josephson frequency.
Graphical Model-Based ICA Applied to the Analysis of fMRI and MRI Time Series (2007)

Graphical model-based independent component analysis (ICA) represents a novel and powerful paradigm in exploratory data analysis for biomedical imaging applications. Two very important techniques, tree-dependent and topographic ICA, implement a clustering of dependent components by demixing and classifying time series of pixels exhibiting similar properties of local signal dynamics. The theoretical background is presented in the beginning, followed by several medical applications demonstrating the flexibility and conceptual power of these techniques. These applications range from functional MRI data analysis to breast MRI. For fMRI, these methods can be employed to identify and separate time courses of interest, along with their associated spatial patterns. In breast MRI, a detection of the lesion is achieved and in addition a subclassiflcation is obtained within the lesion with regard to regions characterized by different MRI signal time-courses. In the present paper, we conclude that graphical model-based ICA techniques provide a robust method for blind analysis of time series image data in the important and current field of functional and dynamic MRI.
FRG1P is localised in the nucleolus, Cajal bodies, and speckles. (2004)

The highly conserved facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) region gene 1 (FRG1) was initially cloned as candidate gene of unknown function for FSHD. To explore the biological function of the FRG1 protein (FRG1P), we studied its cellular localisation in untransfected and FRG1 transfected cell lines. In interphase cells, FRG1P is localised in the dense structures of the nucleolus, in Cajal bodies, and in 60–80% of cells in nuclear speckles. A time course study revealed that FRG1P accumulates in nuclear speckles before its appearance in nucleoli, whereas the localisation in Cajal bodies remains unchanged, as does the localisation of NHPX protein. In accordance with the presence of FRG1P in these nuclear structures, transcription inhibition experiments showed an effect of RNA polymerases I and II on the localisation of FRG1P. Finally, by deletion of the predicted nuclear localisation signals of FRG1P, we demonstrated that both signals are necessary for this subnuclear localisation.

FRG1P is an attractive candidate for the pathogenesis of FSHD because of its high evolutionary conservation; its transcriptional deregulation in FSHD; and its colocalisation with proteins that are defective in the neuromuscular disorders oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

FRG1 (FSHD Region Gene 1, accession number L76159) was isolated as the first candidate gene for the autosomal dominant myopathy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, in 1996.1 FSHD is primarily characterised by progressive weakness and atrophy of the facial, upper arm, and shoulder muscles.2 The FSHD locus on 4q35 contains a polymorphic repeat array consisting of 3.3 kb repeated elements (D4Z4). In control individuals, this array may vary between 11–100 units, whereas FSHD patients carry 1–10 units on one of their chromosomes 4, owing to the deletion of an integral number of D4Z4 units.3 It is becoming increasingly evident that FSHD is caused by a local chromatin alteration, …
Solvent-Dependent Photophysical Properties of a Semiconducting One-Dimensional Silver Cluster-Assembled Material (2021)

Unraveling the total structure of the atom-precise silver cluster-assembled materials (CAMs) is extremely significant to elucidating the structure-property correlation, but it is a very challenging task. Herein, a new silver CAM is synthesized by a facile synthetic pathway with a unique distorted elongated square-bipyramid-based Ag<sub>11</sub> core geometry. The core is protected by two different kinds of the surface protecting ligands (adamantanethiolate and trifluoroacetate) and connected through a bidentate organic linker. The crystallographic data show that this material embraces a one-dimensional periodic structure that orchestrates by various noncovalent interactions to build a thermally stable supramolecular assembly. Further characterization confirms its n-type semiconducting property with an optical band gap of 1.98 eV. The impact of an adamantanethiol-protected silver core on the optical properties of this type of periodic framework is analyzed by the UV-vis absorbance and emission phenomena. Theoretical calculations predicted that the occupied states are majorly contributed by Ag-S. Solvent-dependent photoluminescence studies proved that a polar solvent can significantly perturb the metal thiolate and thiolate-centered frontier molecular orbitals that are involved in the electronic transitions.
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐Triazolyl‐Substituted Sulfocoumarins Are Potent, Selective Inhibitors of the Tumor‐Associated Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII. (2014)

Abstract A variety of 6‐substituted sulfocoumarins incorporating triazolyl moieties are synthesized by employing click chemistry.
Multi-scale silica structures for improved point of care detection (2017)

The need for sensitive, portable diagnostic tests at the point of care persists. We report on a simple method to obtain improved detection of biomolecules by a two-fold mechanism. Silica (SiO2) is coated on pre-stressed thermoplastic shrink-wrap film. When the film retracts, the resulting micro- and nanostructures yield far-field fluorescence signal enhancements over their planar or wrinkled counterparts. Because the film shrinks by 95% in surface area, there is also a 20x concentration effect. The SiO2 structured substrate is therefore used for improved detection of labeled proteins and DNA hybridization via both fluorescent and bright field. Through optical characterization studies, we attribute the fluorescence signal enhancements of ~100x to increased surface density and light scattering from the rough SiO2 structures. Combining with our open channel self-wicking microfluidics, we can achieve extremely low cost yet sensitive point of care diagnostics.
A case of difficult‐to‐diagnose non‐invasive papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix infected with human papilloma virus 6: A diagnostic pitfall (2021)

We encountered HPV6-positive cervical papillary squamous cancer (PSCC) that was difficult to diagnose. The case was initially diagnosed and treated for condyloma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of HPV6 infection in PSCC.
Parvovirus Infection and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in an Adult Patient With Sickle Cell Beta-Thalassemia (2021)

Parvovirus infection and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are rare manifestations in adults with sickle cell beta-thalassemia. Due to the lack of a clear demarcation between the complications related to sickle cell disease (SCD) and TTP, the diagnosis is often challenging. The treatment requirements for both these entities are divergent and complicated, thus necessitating a careful plan of action during atypical presentations. Here we present a case of a 22-year-old woman during the peripartum period with fever, generalized body aches, and large joint pains that soon evolved into labor. The patient's history was suggestive of an undiagnosed and inherited blood disorder. The presentation of aplastic crisis-splenic sequestration during early adulthood is atypical for the SCD course in general populations. Moreover, as the patient's clinical status deteriorated with blood transfusion, the diagnosis and management of a sickle cell crisis event and TTP added to the dilemma in the presence of non-classic parvovirus infection. Though the causation of TTP due to SCD-parvovirus infection is questionable, the treatment of the baseline sickle cell crisis with the novel supportive measures resolved the underlying complications in our patient, suggesting the causal effect. As a result of this, we emphasize the importance of being vigilant about such atypical presentations to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment of such life-threatening emergencies like TTP.
Metabolic enhancement of mammalian developmental pausing (2022)

Abstract The quest to model and modulate embryonic development became a recent cornerstone of stem cell and developmental biology. Mammalian developmental timing is adjustable in vivo by preserving preimplantation embryos in a dormant state called diapause. Inhibition of the growth regulator mTOR (mTORi) pauses mouse development in vitro, yet constraints to pause duration are unrecognized. By comparing the response of embryonic and extraembryonic stem cells to mTORi-induced pausing, we identified lipid usage as a bottleneck to developmental pausing. Enhancing fatty acid oxidation (FAO) boosts embryo longevity, while blocking it reduces the pausing capacity. Genomic and metabolic analyses of single embryos point toward a deeper dormant state in FAO-enhanced pausing and reveal a link between lipid metabolism and embryo morphology. Our results lift a constraint on in vitro embryo survival and suggest that lipid metabolism may be a critical metabolic transition relevant for longevity and stem cell function across tissues. One-Sentence Summary Facilitating fatty acid oxidation by carnitine supplementation enhances mTOR inhibition-mediated developmental pausing.