gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Dose Interleukin-2 Two Days a Week for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (1994)

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of a new high-dose interleukin (IL)-2 regimen, given two days a week, for renal cell carcinoma. One hundred and four patients received IL-2 as a continuous i.v. infusion for 48 h at a daily dose of 24 x 10(6) IU/m2/day for 5 consecutive weeks. Patients were assessed for efficacy 4 and 8 weeks after the end of therapy, and patients who stabilized or responded received maintenance therapy with the same regimen. An objective clinical response was observed in 20 patients (complete in four, partial in 16). The dose of infused IL2 was significantly higher in the responders than in the nonresponders (p < 0.05). Clinical responses were significantly associated with a sedimentation rate of < 20 (p = 0.02), but no other prognostic factor was identified. Mean survival was 13 months. Grade 3 and 4 toxicities were rare, except for hypotension (58% of patients), the main dose-limiting toxic effect. Overall, 83% of the planned dose of IL-2 was given. IL-2 given 2 days a week is active in metastatic renal cell carcinoma and well tolerated.
Empirical Validation of a Model-Driven Modelling Method for Strategic Alignment - Experimental Package (2022)

Experimental package for the empirical validation of Stra2Bis, a modelling method for business process alignmnent.
Experimental Error Performance of Modulation Schemes Under a Controlled Laboratory Turbulence FSO Channel (2014)

This paper experimentally investigates the performance of different modulation schemes under the atmospheric turbulence conditions for free space optical communication links. The experiments were carried out in a dedicated and controlled indoor atmospheric chamber. The turbulence environment was created by introducing hot air, while the temperature profile was monitored throughout the chamber to maintain a constant environment. By evaluating the error performance of different modulation schemes under identical conditions, it was observed that pulse position modulation offers the best performance, followed by subcarrier intensity modulation under weak turbulence environments.
Design for testability and built-in self-test of integrated circuits and systems: how these can add value to your products (2002)

Success in the competitive global markets of integrated circuits and electronics systems requires the design and fabrication of increasingly complex products coupled with ever-increasing quality requirements and ever-decreasing market windows of opportunity. Gone are the days when integrated circuit testing was it task not considered to add any value to a product and thus when test responsibilities could simply be passed on from designers to test engineers, leaving all testing considerations for the bad-end of the design or manufacturing process. Testing costs are often reported as representing anywhere from 10 to 50% or more of total product development costs. This paper reviews the principles of integrated circuit design for testability (DFT) and shows how such practice can be valuable and helpful to successfully harness the available semiconductor technology to meet stringent market and customer requirements. Structured DFT techniques are reviewed, and, in particular, the highly effective DFT strategy known as built-in self-test (BIST).
High Performance Idle Speed Control Applying the Sliding Mode Control with H Robust Hyperplane (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The idle speed reduction is one of the important solutions for fuel economy improvement. However the idle speed reduction requires to improve the performance of idle speed control to prevent from the malfunctions such as the engine stall.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the mass production engines, the PID control is mainly used for the idle speed control because of easiness of the design. Recently there are many studies applying the linear control theory such as the LQG and &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;∞ control to improve the performance. However there are few studies applying the nonlinear control theory, nevertheless the idle speed control (ISC) system has non linear characteristics. So we have aimed to develop the high performance ISC applying the sliding mode control (SMC) representative in the nonlinear control theory.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this study, first we experimentally identified the low order model of the ISC system. Second we designed three controllers applying the PID control, LQG control and SMC. Finally we compared them and consequently we could confirm that the controller applying the SMC with &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;∞ robust hyperplane has the highest performance.&lt;/div&gt;
IDENTIFICATION OF GENES PREFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED DURING ASEXUAL SPORULATION IN PORPHYRA YEZOENSIS GAMETOPHYTES (BANGIALES, RHODOPHYTA)1 (2008)

Asexual reproduction via archeospores in Porphyra yezoensis Ueda gametophytes is a very valuable character to nori farming; however, there is little information available on the molecular basis of the developmental process. To identify genes involved in the Porphyra asexual sporulation, we compared the gene expression profiles derived from four developmental stages of the life cycle (three from gametophytes; one from sporophytes) using cDNA macroarray, which includes 4,896 nonredundant expressed sequence tag (EST) groups. Candidate genes were screened by two different macroarray data analyses combined with reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis or Northern analysis. RT-PCR analysis revealed that nine genes (one: similarity to 5'-3' exoribonuclease; the other eight: no sequence similarity to known proteins) were expressed with a gametophyte (G)-specific manner, and two genes (named ASPO2608, ASPO1527) were expressed only in gametophytes that formed archeospores. The deduced amino acid sequences for the latter two genes are predicted to contain signal peptides for secretion at their N-termini. Northern analysis revealed that expression levels of Calvin cycle genes in the gametophytic stage that formed archeospores (G-A stage) were higher than those of the gametophyte blade with no archeospores (G-NA stage). In the macroarray analysis based on the rank data of G-preferentially expressed genes, which were detected in the previous P. yezoensis EST analysis, one gene encoding the cyclase associated protein (CAP) exhibited a change upwardly in the G-A stage >1,000 ranks to the G-NA stage. We propose that ASPO2608 and CAP may function in a signaling pathway of asexual sporulation.
Reconstitution of G Protein-Coupled Receptors into a Model Bilayer System: Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Particles (2011)

Reconstituted high-density lipoprotein particles (rHDL) are powerful platforms used as a model phospholipid bilayer system to study membrane proteins. They consist of a discoidal-shaped planar bilayer of phospholipids that is surrounded by a dimer of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). The amphipathic nature of apoA-1 shields the hydrophobic acyl chains of the lipids from solvent and keeps the particles soluble in aqueous environments. These monodispersed, nanoscale discoidal HDL particles are approximately 10-11 nm in diameter with a thickness that is dependent on the length of the phospholipid acyl chain. Reconstituted HDL particles can be assembled in vitro using purified apoA-1 and purified lipids. Investigators have utilized this model bilayer system to co-reconstitute membrane proteins, and take advantage of the small size and its monodispersion. Our laboratory and others have utilized the rHDL approach to study the behavior of G protein-coupled receptors. In this chapter, we describe strategies for the preparation of rHDL particles containing GPCRs in their monomeric form and discuss various methodologies used to analyze the reconstituted receptor function.
A privacy-preserving mobile application recommender system based on trust evaluation (2018)

Too many mobile applications in App stores results in information overload in App market. Mobile users are confused in choosing suitable and trustworthy mobile applications due to a large number of available candidates. A mobile application recommender system is a powerful tool that helps users solve this problem. However, there are few feasible recommender systems focusing on recommending mobile applications in the literature. First, few researches study user trust behavior based recommendation on mobile applications. Second, the accuracy and personalization of existing recommender systems need to be further improved. Particularly, privacy preservation is still an open issue in mobile application recommendation. In this paper, we propose two privacy-preserving mobile application recommendation schemes based on trust evaluation. Recommendations on mobile application are generated based on user trust behaviors of mobile application usage. In these two schemes, user private data can be preserved by applying our proposed security protocols and utilizing homomorphic encryption. We further implement two schemes and develop two mobile Apps that can be applied in different scenarios, i.e., a centralized cloud service and distributed social networking. Security analysis, performance evaluation and simulation results show that our schemes have sound security, efficiency, accuracy, and robustness. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Synthesis and the Unique Crystal Structure of [(H2O)⊂(DB18C6)(μ2‐H2O)2/2][(H3O)⊂(DB18C6)(μ2‐H2O)2/2]I3 (DB18C6 = dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6) (2003)

Abstract In the title compound 1 , the macrocylic ligand DB18C6 arranges to build two types of channels in which either only water or water and H 3 O + molecules are stacked to linear polymers. The counter ions, I 3 — , also form chains and fill in the spaces left between the parallel stacks of the crown ethers. Compound 1 should therefore possess interesting conducting properties and might as well serve as model for biological water channels.
Application of Acoustic Emission, Strain Gage, and Optical Sensors to Moveable Bridges (2020)

Recently, acoustic emission and strain gage and laser displacement gage monitoring technology have been successfully applied to the nondestructive evaluation of several lift bridges. The applications cover a wide range of problems ranging from machinery diagnostics to crack characterization. This research is being sponsored by Northwestern University’s Infrastructure Technology Institute and the states of Wisconsin and Oregon. This paper will discuss test procedures and results on two of these bridges. One of the bridges is a rolling bascule type while the other is a vertical lift bridge. The technology was used to assess the functionality of the segmental casting attachments on the rolling bascule structure and to confirm fatigue crack growth in the trunnion shaft of the vertical lift bridge.
The free market and scientific research benefit from private and public support (1998)

Harvard Medical School, Co-Director, Hematology Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Lower and Middle Triassic Source Rocks and Thermal Maturation in the Peace River Arch Area, Alberta and British Columbia [Abstract] (1990)

ABSTRACT Fine grained strata of Early to Middle Triassic age occur at outcrop and in the subsurface of the Peace River Arch region of Alberta and British Columbia. The Montney and Doig formations, and equivalent outcrop units in northeastern British Columbia, are commonly rich in organic carbon. Samples of these units were examined as potential sources of hydrocarbons using Rock-Eval/TOC, gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and organic petrographic (reflectance and UV fluorescence) techniques. Analysis of over 50 outcrop samples showed variable maturity south of Pine River (Whistler and Vega-Phroso members, Sulphur Mountain Formation), whereas Triassic rocks between the Pine and Peace rivers (Toad and Grayling formations) are overmature. These units contain Type II/III organic matter, and TOC contents range up to 15 per cent. In the subsurface, the Montney and lower Doig formations were sampled from core. Thermal maturity increases in a southwesterly direction, from mature (Tmax values of about 440°C) close to the Triassic subcrop edge, to overmature (Tmax > 460°C) close to the Foothills Belt. The Montney Formation yielded TOC values up to 4.7 per cent and Hydrogen Indices (HI) rarely over 300. The lower beds of the Doig Formation are commonly highly radioactive (high gamma-ray log response) and phosphatic. Rock-Eval/TOC analyses indicate moderate to high maturity, with TOC contents commonly greater than 5.0 per cent, and HI/OI values suggesting a predominance of Type II organic matter. This is consistent with optical analyses of moderately mature samples, which show an abundance of yellow to orange fluorescing algal material. Biomarker analyses (GC, GC/MS) of bitumen extracts from the Doig and Montney formations and their equivalent surface strata were compared to biomarker signatures of oils recovered from Triassic reservoirs. The lower Doig is the source for oils in the Halfway and Charlie Lake formations. End_of_Record - Last_Page 178-------
Vector-borne Zoonotic Diseases in Turkey: Rising Threats on Public Health (2020)

Vector-borne zoonotic diseases (VBZDs) are a major problem for public health and animal welfare all over the world. In recent years, there has been an alarming increase in VBZDs, mainly caused by new or re-emerging arboviruses, bacteria and parasites. The World Health Organization enumerated 10 threats to global health for 2019, notably emphasizing climate change and emerging pathogens as growing priorities. It is important to review potential threats and develop new control programs for rising threats against human health and safety. Changes in host and vector population diversity and density may affect pathogen transmission patterns and influence VBZD emergence processes. In addition to environmental and climate-related changes, human and animal migratory patterns pose future threats. The geographic location and habitat features of Turkey support the establishment of many arthropod species as vectors of various diseases. To date, a total of 107 zoonotic infections have been reported originating from Turkey. Arthropods transmit 19 of 107 such infections, including 2 mosquito-borne, 9 tick-borne, 1 sandfly-borne, 3 flea-borne, 1 simuliid-borne, 1 mite-borne and 2 fly-borne diseases. In this review, we focus on the present status of knowledge on VBZDs as a rising threat to public health in Turkey to provide a foundation for future control efforts.
Energy-Efficient Rational Designing of Multifunctional Nanocomposites by Preferential Anchoring of Metal Ions via Fermi Level Positioning of Carbon Nanostructures (2020)

Despite the availability and dedicated studies on a variety of carbon nanostructures, amorphous carbon is still a preferred support for a wide range of commercially available metal catalysts. In order to shed some light on this, we carried out electroless deposition of metal nanoparticles on various carbon nanostructures such as amorphous carbon (a-C), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and nitrogen-doped CNTs (NCNTs) under similar experimental conditions. The main objective is to elucidate the preferable deposition on a particular carbon nanostructure, if any, and understand the underlying mechanism. Experimental results unveil preferred electroless deposition of metal nanoparticles on a-C over CNTs and NCNTs. Notably, the deposition is nicely correlated with the position of the Fermi level (<i>E</i><sub>F</sub>) with respect to the M<sup><i>n</i>+</sup> ↔ M<sup>0</sup> redox level (<i>E</i><sub>0</sub>). Remarkably, <i>E</i><sub>F</sub> is found to be in the following order NCNT > CNT > a-C and the smaller gap (<i>E</i><sub>0</sub>-<i>E</i><sub>F</sub>) favors the faster electron transfer, resulting in the preferential reduction of M<sup><i>n</i>+</sup>, yielding finer nanoparticles on a-C. We believe that this approach can pave the way for designing noble metal-based carbon nanocomposites for a variety of applications, ranging from environmental redemption to electrochemical energy harvesting. As case studies, we have explored the nanocomposites for various catalytic activities and found them to be very competent with recently reported various state-of-the-art electrocatalysts and their commercial counterparts.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Methods for the Synthesis and Modification of Neoclerodane Diterpenes (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An active service framework and its application to real-time multimedia transcoding (1998)

Several recent proposals for an "active networks" architecture advocate the placement of user-defined computation within the network as a key mechanism to enable a wide range of new applications and protocols, including reliable multicast transports, mechanisms to foil denial of service attacks, intra-network real-time signal transcoding, and so forth. This laudable goal, however, creates a number of very difficult research problems, and although a number of pioneering research efforts in active networks have solved some of the preliminary small-scale problems, a large number of wide open problems remain. In this paper, we propose an alternative to active networks that addresses a restricted and more tractable subset of the active-networks design space. Our approach, which we (and others) call "active services", advocates the placement of user-defined computation within the network as with active networks, but unlike active networks preserves all of the routing and forwarding semantics of current Internet architecture by restricting the computation environment to the application layer. Because active services do not require changes to the Internet architecture, they can be deployed incrementally in today's Internet.We believe that many of the applications and protocols targeted by the active networks initiative can be solved with active services and, toward this end, we propose herein a specific architecture for an active service and develop one such service in detail --- the Media Gateway (MeGa) service --- that exploits this architecture. In defining our active service, we encountered six key problems --- service location, service control, service management, service attachment, service composition, and the definition of the service environment --- and have crafted solutions for these problems in the context of the MeGa service. To verify our design, we implemented and fielded MeGa on the UC Berkeley campus, where it has been used regularly for several months by real users who connect via ISDN to an "on-line classroom". Our initial experience indicates that our active services prototype provides a very flexible and programmable platform for intra-network computation that strikes a good balance between the flexibility of the active networks architecture and the practical constraints of incremental deployment in the current Internet.
New Photovoltaic Devices Based on the Sensitization of p-type Semiconductors: Challenges and Opportunities (2010)

Because solar energy is the most abundant renewable energy resource, the clear connection between human activity and global warming has strengthened the interest in photovoltaic science. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) provide a promising low-cost technology for harnessing this energy source. Until recently, much of the research surrounding DSSCs had been focused on the sensitization of n-type semiconductors, such as titanium dioxide (Gratzel cells). In an n-type dye-sensitized solar cell (n-DSSC), an electron is injected into the conduction band of an n-type semiconductor (n-SC) from the excited state of the sensitizer. Comparatively few studies have examined the sensitization of wide bandgap p-type semiconductors. In a p-type DSSC (p-DSSC), the photoexcited sensitizer is reductively quenched by hole injection into the valence band of a p-type semiconductor (p-SC). The study of p-DSSCs is important both to understand the factors that control the rate of hole photoinjection and to aid the rational design of efficient p-DSSCs. In theory, p-DSSCs should be able to work as efficiently as n-DSSCs. In addition, this research provides a method for preparing tandem DSSCs consisting of a TiO(2)-photosensitized anode and a photosensitized p-type SC as a cathode. Tandem DSSCs are particularly important because they represent low-cost photovoltaic devices whose photoconversion efficiencies could exceed 15%. This Account describes recent research results on p-DSSCs. Because these photoelectrochemical devices are the mirror images of conventional n-DSSCs, they share some structural similarities, but they use different materials and have different charge transfer kinetics. In this technology, nickel oxide is the predominant p-SC material used, but much higher photoconversion efficiencies could be achieved with new p-SCs materials with deeper valence band potential. Currently, iodide/triiodide is the main redox mediator of electron transport within these devices, but we expect that this material could be advantageously replaced with more efficient redox couples. We also discuss valuable information obtained by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, which sheds some light on the factors that govern the efficiency of the cell. Notably, we demonstrate that ultrafast hole injection generally occurs between the sensitizer and the SC, but the resulting charge-separated state (e.g. electron on the sensitizer and hole in the VB) is short-lived and recombines quickly. So far, the only effective strategy for slowing the back recombination reaction relies on a bimolecular system consisting of the sensitizer linked to an electron acceptor, which increases the separation distance between the charges. A photoconversion efficiency of 0.41% under AM 1.5 was recently measured with a p-type DSSC using this strategy.
Experimental Considerations for Polaroid Film X-Ray Photographs (1966)

Polaroid type 57 sheet film (ASA 3000) has been evaluated as a means for recording x-ray Laue and pinhole diffraction photographs; both transmission and back reflection geometries have been employed. Consideration has been given to the effect of x-ray tube target material, tube voltage and current, exposure and processing times, collimator size, and specimen-to-film distance on resultant pattern quality. Examples are given which illustrate the the ability to obtain high quality Polaroid film patterns in considerably less (5 to 20%) time than is required for comparable wet process films.