gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid choice model for propensity to travel and tour complexity (2012)

During the last years cities around the world have invested important quantities of money in measures for reducing congestion and car-trips. Investments which are nothing but potential solutions for the well-known urban sprawl phenomenon, also called the “development trap” that leads to further congestion and a higher proportion of our time spent in slow moving cars. Over the path of this searching for solutions, the complex relationship between urban environment and travel behaviour has been studied in a number of cases. The main question on discussion is, how to encourage multi-stop tours? Thus, the objective of this paper is to verify whether unobserved factors influence tour complexity. For this purpose, we use a data-base from a survey conducted in 2006-2007 in Madrid, a suitable case study for analyzing urban sprawl due to new urban developments and substantial changes in mobility patterns in the last years. A total of 943 individuals were interviewed from 3 selected neighbourhoods (CBD, urban and suburban). We study the effect of unobserved factors on trip frequency. This paper present the estimation of an hybrid model where the latent variable is called propensity to travel and the discrete choice model is composed by 5 alternatives of tour type. The results show that characteristics of the neighbourhoods in Madrid are important to explain trip frequency. The influence of land use variables on trip generation is clear and in particular the presence of commercial retails. Through estimation of elasticities and forecasting we determine to what extent land-use policy measures modify travel demand. Comparing aggregate elasticities with percentage variations, it can be seen that percentage variations could lead to inconsistent results. The result shows that hybrid models better explain travel behavior than traditional discrete choice models.
Ontology-driven framework for community networking management (2008)

Wireless technologies present many benefits when used to deploy metropolitan networks. Resilience, cost, adaptability and self-organization are some of the benefits provided by Wireless Networks. Especially when mesh technologies are used, wireless networks are adequate for the deployment of (user-centric) community networks. The increased participation of users and the social relations existing among them makes desirable the merging of the mesh and social aspect of these networks. If proper interfaces are deployed, users are able to map existing (or to be developed) social structures such as communities into the mesh network. This paper focuses on the problem of creating a community driven mesh network, and in the representation and maintenance of user relations, trust and functional parameters. We present a novel ontology designed for the management of such environments.
Monoaminergic Fluorescence in Frog Skin (1977)

Abstract The Falck‐Hillarp fluorescence technique was employed in an attempt to determine the distribution of sympathetic innervation in frog skin. No evidence was found of a direct monoaminergic nerve supply to the cells of the non‐glandular epithelium in the epidermis. Instead, specific fluorescence was mainly confined to the vicinity of the skin glands. Fluorescent fibers were observed surrounding the mucous type of gland. The secretory content of this gland was not fluorescent. In the granular type of gland the main source of fluorescence was the secretory granules filling the lumen. These developed a fluorescence in the spectral range of 5‐hydroxytryptamine. The brightness of the fluorescence indicated a very high content of this amine. Fluorimetric analysis showed that no catecholamines were present in the secretion. In glands devoid of secretory granules there were some indications of a monoaminergic innervation of the secretory epithelium, but this was hard to determine because of the abundant nonspecific fluorescence. Sparse dots of specific fluorescence were found close to the surrounding smooth muscle cells. — These findings rule out the possibility of a direct sympathetic nervous control of the non‐glandular epithelium in frog skin but indicate that this is instead confined to the skin glands.
Obtaining architectural descriptions from legacy systems: the architectural synthesis process (asp) (2004)

A majority of software development today involves maintenance or evolution of legacy systems. Evolving these legacy systems, while maintaining good software design principles, is a significant challenge. Research has shown the benefits of using software architecture as an abstraction to analyze quality attributes of proposed designs. Unfortunately, for most legacy systems, a documented software architecture does not exist. Developing a good architectural description frequently requires extensive experience on the part of the developer trying to recover the legacy system's architecture.\n\nThis work first describes a four-phase process that provides a framework within which architectural recovery activities can be automated. These phases consist of: extraction (obtaining a subset of information about the legacy system from a single source), classification (partitioning the information based upon its viewpoint), union (combining all the information in a particular viewpoint into a candidate view), and fusion (cross-checking all candidate views for consistency.\n\nThe work then concentrates on the major problem facing automated architectural recovery---the concept assignment problem. To overcome this problem, a technique called semantic approximation is presented and validated via experimental results. Semantic approximation uses a combination of text data mining and a mathematical technique called concept analysis to build a lattice of similar concepts between higher-level domain information and low-level code concepts. The experimental data reveals that while semantic approximation does improve results over the more traditional lexical and topological approaches, it does not yet fully solve the concept assignment problem.
Anti-diabetic potential of Catharanthus roseus Linn. and its effect on the glucose transport gene (GLUT-2 and GLUT-4) in streptozotocin induced diabetic wistar rats (2015)

We conclude that the observed antidiabetic effect of c. roseus on STZ induced diabetes was a result of complex mechanisms of GLUT gene mRNA expression. The findings are very encouraging and greatly advocate its candidature for the design of a novel herbal drug to cure deadly diabetes.
Semisynthesis of Derivatives of Oleanolic Acid fromSyzygium aromaticumand Their Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Properties (2016)

Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound widely found in plants and well known for its medicinal properties. Oleanolic acid (OA) was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Syzygium aromaticum flower buds. Semisynthesis afforded both acetate and ester derivatives. The derived compounds were monitored with thin layer chromatography and confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), Fourier infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and melting point (Mp). All these compounds were evaluated for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties at a dose of 40 mg/kg. Significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were noted for all OA-derived compounds. In the formalin-induced pain test, the derivatives showed better analgesic effects compared to their precursor, whereas, in the tale flick test, oleanolic acid proved to be superior in analgesic effects compared to all its derivatives with the exception of the acetyl derivative. Acute inflammatory tests showed that acetyl derivatives possessed better anti-inflammatory activity compared to the other compounds. In conclusion, semisynthesis of oleanolic acid yielded several derivatives with improved solubility and enhanced analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
E7080, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor suppresses tumor cell migration and invasion (2011)

E7080 does not significantly affect tumor cell proliferation but can inhibit their migration and invasion at concentrations that both inhibit its known targets and are achievable clinically.
A Galerkin formulation for the nonlinear analysis of a flexible beam in channel flow (2023)

In this paper we propose a Galerkin formulation for the 1-D model describing the nonlinear flow-structure interaction of a flexible beam in confined flow. In broad terms, the system of PDEs is converted into a set of time-dependent equations (ODEs and algebraic) by developing all variables in terms of series of space-dependent orthogonal functions. The beam motion is developed in terms of its mode shapes while the flow pressure and velocity fields in each channel are developed in terms of Chebyshev polynomials. Additionally, a tau-variant of the Galerkin approach enables the enforcement of the nonlinear time-dependent boundary conditions in a well-posed manner. Ultimately, the resulting system is a set of nonlinear differential–algebraic equations that can be truncated at any suitable numbers of terms, leading to exploitable reduced formulations. Compared to CFD methods, this type of formulations is not only more computationally efficient, but also provide an easy discernment of the relevant parameters and often a more intuitive interpretation of results. Convergence studies, in terms of both the truncation of Chebyshev polynomials and beam modes, are performed to access to what extent reduced formulations are viable in different scenarios, including linear stability analysis as well as the calculation of limit-cycle oscillations with or without intermittent impacts between the beam and the side-walls. The presented framework can serve as a basis for a comprehensive analysis of the nonlinear dynamics of flexible beams in confined flow. Namely, it is well adapted to the use of bifurcation analysis tools for the continuation of periodic solutions, which will contribute to a richer understanding of the underlying physics occurring in this type of FSI systems. Moreover, the generic methodology presented here can also be adapted to different systems in the field of fluid–structure interaction, providing compact time-dependent formulations for nonlinear analysis.
Association of factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism and coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis (2016)

This meta-analysis found that factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism was associated with CAD risk, especially MI, but not with CAD without MI. In addition, age and sex did not affect the relationship between factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism and CAD risk.
Reversible Flat to Rippling Phase Transition in Fe Containing Layered Battery Electrode Materials (2018)

Layered sodium transition metal oxides of NaTMO<sub>2</sub> (TM = 3d transition metal) show unique capability to mix different compositions of Fe to the TM layer, a phenomenon that does not exist in LiTMO<sub>2</sub>. Here, a novel spontaneous TM layer rippling in the sodium ion battery cathode materials is reported, revealed by in situ X-ray diffraction, Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, and density functional theory simulation, where the softening and distortion of FeO<sub>6</sub> octahedra collectively drives the flat TM planes into rippled ones with inhomogeneous interlayer distance at high voltage. In such a rippling phase, charge and discharge of Na ions take different evolution pathways, resulting in an unusual hysteresis voltage loop. Importantly, upon discharge beyond a certain Na composition, the rippling TM layer will go back to flat, giving the reversibility of such structural evolution in the following cycles.
Clinical and mechanistic evidences of the interest of curcumin in protecting vascular health (2018)

Curcumin exerts a range of biological activities of potential interest in cardiovascular prevention. However, the vascular protective effect of curcumin is still poorly investigated in humans and the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which this compound could modulate the vascular endothelial integrity and function remain to be established. In a randomized control trial, we showed that after an acute intake of curcumin and a subgroup analysis of our study population, curcumin induced a positive effect of on endothelial function only in women and in subjects at lower cardiovascular risk. This observation indicates that curcumin intake could be of better interest to prevent endothelial dysfunction rather than to restore the more established dysfunction, ultimately suggesting that curcumin could be a nutraceutical of special interest to maintain endothelial function. In addition, at the cellular level, we showed that the pre-exposure of endothelial cells to curcumin prior to their activation reduced monocyte adhesion and their trans-endothelial migration in both static and shear stress conditions mimicking the blood flow. Our findings also demonstrated the ability of curcumin, in physiologically relevant conditions, to reduce monocyte TEM through a multimodal regulation of the endothelial cell dynamics with a potential benefit on the vascular endothelial function barrier. In conclusion, taken together these results provide new clinical and mechanistic insights supporting the capacity of curcumin to promote vascular integrity and function. However, further investigation are warranted, especially to better understand the substantial between-subject variability observed in the vascular response to curcumin
Automated analysis of ions in solution (1986)

M. J. Martin, P. Rolfe, J. F. Tyson, R. S. Ersser, W. A. McCrum and A. P. Rowland, Anal. Proc., 1986, 23, 303 DOI: 10.1039/AP9862300303
Expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in human B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (2003)

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) induces somatic hypermutation (SHM), class switch recombination (CSR), and immunoglobulin gene conversion in B-lymphocytes. Here we report for the first time the expression of AID in healthy human B-lymphocytes and in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL). AID mRNA expression in humans is restricted to the CD19(+)CD38(+)IgD(-) germinal center cells, namely the CD19(+)CD38(+)CD44(-) centroblasts. After in vitro stimulation of naive human B cells by CD40-L and IL-4, AID mRNA is strongly induced for only 48 hours. In a survey of human B-NHL AID was found to be constitutively expressed in follicular lymphoma and in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma but to be absent in B-precursor lymphoblastic leukemia, in mantle cell lymphoma, and in plasma cell myeloma. In B-cell chronic lymphatic leukemia, in immunocytoma, and in extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT, AID mRNA was expressed only in some samples. In follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the expression of AID mRNA was coincident with the presence of SHM in the variable region exons of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene. In human B-NHL, the AID mRNA is spliced into 4 different variants but does not contain point mutations. Thus AID, which is highly regulated during healthy B-cell development, is constitutively expressed in human germinal center B-NHL and in subsets of nongerminal center B-NHL. This constitutive expression of AID may promote illegitimate DNA recombinations and somatic mutations in B-NHL.
Lipid A from Endotoxin: Antigenic Activities of Purified Fractions in Liposomes (1979)

Isolation of lipid A by acid hydrolysis of Shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharide resulted in a product that consisted of a heterogeneous mixture of bands when visualized by thin layer chromatography. Differential extraction with ethyl acetate and chloroform, or extraction with EDTA, followed by chloroform-methanol-water (Bligh-Dyer extraction), or a combination of both extraction schemes, resulted in partial purification of immunologically active lipid A. Eight fractions were purified further by preparative thin layer chromatography, and each of the fractions had phosphate, carbohydrate, and esterified fatty acids. Upon incorporation into liposomes, five of the eight purified fractions reacted with anti-lipid A serum, but the three fractions with the most number of esterified fatty acids failed to react with anti-lipid A serum. At least one fraction that originally was unreactive with anti-lipid A serum became reactive as a hapten inhibitor upon removal of esterified fatty acids by alkaline hydrolysis. Alkali-treated fractions from "unreactive" and "reactive" lipid A had similar activities as hapten inhibitors. Our data suggest that lipid A can exist in multiple forms that differ by the number and placement, and possibly by the type, of fatty acids linked to the carbohydrate of lipid A. Highly acylated forms of lipid A do not react with antiserum against the unpurified lipid A mixture, but removal of fatty acids does expose immunoreactive groups.
Convenient synthesis of Thr and Ser carrying the tumor associated sialyl-(2→3)-T antigen as building blocks for solid-phase glycopeptide synthesis (1999)

Sialyl-T antigens have been synthesized, conveniently and in high yield, by a block condensation approach. Glycosylation of the D-GalN3 derivative with the suitably protected sialyl-α-(2→3)-D-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate by using trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMS-OTf) as a promoter in dichloromethane gave the trisaccharide in high yield. Cleavage of the tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether (TBDMS) at the anomeric position of the sialic acid containing trisaccharide derivative, using tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) in pyridine, occurred in very high yield. After conversion to the trichloroacetimidate coupling of the sialyl-containing trisaccharide derivative with Fmoc-Thr/Ser-OPfp, using silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (AgOTf) as a promoter in dichloromethane, gave the target building blocks in good yields.
The Toll-Like Receptor-3 Agonist Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid Triggers Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Degeneration (2010)

In Parkinson's disease (PD), loss of striatal dopaminergic (DA) terminals and degeneration of DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) are associated with glial reactions. Such inflammatory processes are commonly considered an epiphenomenon of neuronal degeneration. However, there is increasing recognition of the role of neuroinflammation as an initiation factor of DA neuron degeneration. To investigate this issue, we established a new model of brain inflammation by injecting the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] in the SN of adult rats. Poly(I:C) injection induced a sustained inflammatory reaction in the SN and in the dorsolateral striatum. Significant changes were detected in proteins relevant to synaptic transmission and axonal transport. In addition, cytoplasmic mislocalization of neuronal TAR DNA binding protein TDP-43 was observed. Poly(I:C) injection increased the susceptibility of midbrain DA neurons to a subsequent neurotoxic trigger (low-dose 6-hydroxydopamine). Systemic delivery of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protected SN DA neurons exposed to combined poly(I:C) induced inflammatory and neurotoxic oxidative stress. These data indicate that viral-like neuroinflammation induces predegenerative changes in the DA system, which lowers the set point toward neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. New powerful neuroprotective therapies for PD might be considered by targeting critical inflammatory mechanisms, including cytokine-induced neurotoxicity.
Three-Dimensional Structures of UDP-Sugar Glycosyltransferases Illuminate the Biosynthesis of Plant Polysaccharides (2001)

Cell-free preparations of the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum were first reported to synthesize cellulose from UDP-Glc over 40 years ago Despite the elucidation of the primary sequence of the cellulose synthase from this organism in 1990 Opposing views of the number of catalytic centers and the molecular directionality of the synthesis have been presented (for review, see A comprehensive classification of glycosyltransferases harnessed to the recent structural determinations of UDP-sugar dependent -glycosyltransferases, including a cellulose synthase homolog, permits a preliminary illumination of this controversial area. The number of glycosyl transfer centers in the catalytic domain of cellulose synthase remains controversial: a two-center model has been proposed
Mass-productive ultra-low temperature ALD SiO/sub 2/ process promising for sub-90 nm memory and logic devices (2003)

For the first time, ultra-low temperature ALD SiO/sub 2/ is successfully developed and applied on W/WN/poly-Si stack gates as a dual spacer for the enhancement of data retention time. ALD SiO/sub 2/ deposition is performed at 75/spl deg/C using HCD and H/sub 2/O as precursors and pyridine as a catalyst. Using the ALD SiO/sub 2/ process, SiO/sub 2/ layers are deposited on W/WN/poly-Si stack gates without W oxidation. The gate resistances of the W/WN/poly-Si stack gates do not exhibit any difference between SiN single spacer and SiO/sub 2//SiN dual spacer schemes, which indicates that W oxidation does not occur during the ALD SiO/sub 2/ deposition for dual spacer formation. Conclusively, the significant improvement (>50%) of data retention time is achieved by employing SiO/sub 2//SiN dual spacers at W/WN/poly-Si stack gates in a 130 nm DRAM device. In addition, excellent short channel characteristics of Vth are identified by applying a low temperature ALD SiO/sub 2/ layer as a dual spacer on sub-100 nm SRAM devices.
Severe congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a compound heterozygote with a new large deletion of the AQP2 gene. A case report (2019)

This is the first case of a compound heterozygote patient with a missense mutation involving NM_000486.5:exon2:c.374C>T (p.Thr125Met) and a gross deletion of at least exons 2, 3, and partially 4 on the AQP2 to present with a severe NDI phenotype.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HONEY BEEGLUE (PROPOLIS) COLLECTED FROM CHINA, EGYPT, IRAN, AND SAUDI ARABIA - (2010)

Four propolis samples collected from four countries China, Egypt, Iran and Saudi Arabia were investigated for chemical compositions and in vitro for antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, MRSA, Micrococcus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus vulgaris. The result indicated that the number of fractions in the Propolis samples extracts were 33 with different percentages. The HPLC analysis indicated the presence of phenolic compound, cinnamic acid and its derivatives, flavonoids and esters. Result obtained indicated variable differences in percentages of the compounds in samples collected from the different countries. Propolis extract, which has antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, was investigated in vitro. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the strains tested was determined using the method of broth dilution with the propolis extract in serial concentrations. Results of MIC showed MRSA with (0.5-10) followed by Bacillus subtilis with (0.5-15) and Micrococcus with (4-10). The MIC of Gram-negative bacteria is shown in case of Proteus vulgaris with (5-15) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with (10-21) and Escherichia coli with (15-21). Furthermore, the results obtained indicated that Iranian propolis was the most potent inhibitor for all types of tested bacteria. The results indicated that propolis is more efficient than some antibiotic discs.
Critiquing dominant cultures of schooling as a sustained critical enterprise in sociology of education (2020)

This issue marks the beginning of a new team of editors coming on board to facilitate the continuing growth of the International Studies in Sociology of Education (ISSE). We are a group of scholars...