gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Usable Attribute Scaling for Latency Compensation in Cloud-based Games (2021)

Cloud-based games have advantages in convenience over traditional computer games, but have the disadvantage of added latency from the thin client to the cloud-based server and back. This added latency has been shown to decrease player performance. New latency compensation techniques can help by scaling game attributes to make the game easier, exactly counteracting the difficulty added by the latency. We conduct a user study measuring attribute scaling for two games -- a first-person shooter and a rhythm game -- each having a different attribute scaling method: spatial and temporal. Data from the study shows a decrease in accuracy with an increase in latency and game difficulty, and an increase in accuracy with an increase in attribute scaling. More importantly, we derive a model from the data whereby a pre-determined accuracy can be chosen -- say, by the game designer -- and the model then outputs the scaling factor to meet that desired target accuracy.
DNA fragmentation is a feature of cystic fibrosis epithelial cells: a disease with inappropriate apoptosis? (1997)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a single-gene disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which result in disrupted chloride secretions with inspissated mucous secretions by exocrine glands. Nick-end labelling was used to assess DNA fragmentation in 14 CF and 24 control duodenal samples, and in two CF and two control lung tissues. In CF small intestine median 46% (range: 30-82) villus enterocytes show DNA fragmentation (vs. 3% (range: 1-7) in controls P < 0.001) and median 37.5% (range: 23-79) crypt enterocytes show Ki67 antigen (P < 0.001). In CF airways 57% (range: 54-70) of epithelial cells show DNA fragmentation. Inappropriate high DNA fragmentation is a feature of various CF epithelia. This could have great impact in understanding the mechanisms leading to disease.
Decision-Theoretic Communication Standard Recognition in the European 868 MHz Band (2011)

In smart grid applications, a reliable communication infrastructure is crucial to allow smart metering and demand side management. If different utility meters (e.g. electricity, gas and water meters) and home automation systems use different and incompatible protocol waveforms for wireless communication, such an infrastructure is hardly realizable using state of the art communication technology. Thus, a cognitive gateway is required that is able to automatically recognize the protocol waveform used by an unknown transmitter and to translate the massage into the waveform of the addressed receiver. This paper proposes a decision-theoretic algorithm for the automatic classification of wireless communication standards used for smart grid applications in the European 868 to 870 MHz band. The algorithm is adequate for the implementation in realtime embedded systems and works over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios.
A Role for Rho in Smooth Muscle Phenotypic Regulation (2001)

A bstract : The role of the small GTP‐binding protein Rho in the process of smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic modulation was investigated using cultured rabbit aortic SMCs. Both Rho transcription and Rho protein expression were high for the first 3 days of culture (“contractile” state cells), with expression decreasing after change to the “synthetic” state and peaking upon return to the contractile phenotype. Activation of Rho (indicated by translocation to the membrane) also peaked upon return to the contractile state and was low in synthetic state SMCs. Transient transfection of synthetic state rabbit SMCs with constitutively active Rho (val14rho) caused a dramatic decrease in cell size and reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins to resemble those of the contractile phenotype; α‐actin and myosin adopted a tightly packed, highly organized arrangement, whereas vimentin localized to the immediate perinuclear region and focal adhesions were enlarged. Conversely, specific inhibition of endogenous Rho, by expression of C3 transferase, resulted in the complete loss of actin and myosin filaments without affecting the distribution of vimentin. Focal adhesions were reduced in number. Thus, Rho plays a key role in regulating SMC phenotypic expression.
Resistance Training Improves Vasoreactivity in End-Stage Heart Failure Patients on Inotropic Support (2004)

1677 INTRODUCTION: We have previously shown a paradoxical flow-mediated, vasoconstrictive response of the brachial artery in end-stage congestive heart failure (ES-CHF) patients on inotropic support. PURPOSE: In this study we examined whether unilateral arm resistance training improved flow mediated dilation in a subset of ES-CHF patients (n = 3) receiving inotropic therapy of dobutamine (2.0–7.5 mcg/kg/min) and/or milrinone (0.3–0.7mcg/kg/min). METHODS: Flow-mediated dilation analysis (2 minutes of forearm cuff occlusion) using high resolution vascular ultrasound was measured in male ES-CHF patients (n = 15, 50.5 ± 11.3 years) and healthy controls (n = 5, 46.8 ± 16.0 years). Unilateral, nondominant arm resistance training was performed in a subset of patients (n = 3) for 4 weeks. Training consisted of hand-held dynamometry, bicep curls, and triceps extensions using hand weights (3 sets, 6 to 10 repetitions per exercise at 60% of maximum). To rule out the cardiac adaptations to training, the dominant arm acted as a control. Flow mediated dilation was determined before and after training in both limbs. Data reported as mean ± SD. RESULTS: Flow mediated dilation was impaired in the 15 ES-CHF patients compared to controls (5.3 ± 5.9% decrease in arterial diameter versus 10.7 ± 2.5 % increase in controls, p<0.05). 4 weeks of resistance training in ES-CHF improved the hyperemic response to 2 minutes of cuff occlusion in the trained arm (from 264 ± 175ml/min increase at baseline to 360 ± 93ml/min increase following training). Additionally, training in this ES-CHF subpopulation tended to decrease the paradoxical vasoconstrictive response following hyperemia in the trained arm (from a 3.6 ± 3.1% decrease in diameter at baseline to a 1.2 ± 1.8% decrease in diameter following training). Vasoreactivity in the control arm worsened after 4 weeks, with the 54% decrease in the hyperemic response to occlusion (from 449 ± 188 ml/min increase at baseline to 206 ± 39 ml/min increase at 4 weeks), concomitant with an increase in the vasoconstrictive response (from a 1.2% decrease in arterial diameter at baseline to a 4.4% decrease in diameter at 4 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: Vasoreactivity is severely diminished in ES-CHF patients receiving inotropic therapy, but shows improvement with resistance training. Exercise-induced improvements in vasoreactivity may be due to changes in regional control mechanisms based on demonstration of worsening of vasoreactive responses in the control arm.
HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSING OF GOLD-BEARING COPPER ENARGITE CONCENTRATES (2008)

This paper outlines the application of the industrially proven technologies of low pressure and temperature Nitrogen Species Catalyzed (NSC) pressure leaching and Alkaline Sulphide Leaching (ASL) for the recovery of copper and gold from enargite. Copper can be recovered as a cathode metal or as a clean concentrate suitable for smelting. Gold is recovered by smelting, conventional cyanidation or alkaline sulphide hydrometallurgy. Coupled with this is the effective precipitation and stabilization of arsenic as scorodite and ferrihydrite.Cet article souligne l’utilisation des technologies éprouvées industriellement de la lixiviation sous pression à basse pression et température de l’Espèce d’Azote Catalysée (NSC) et de la Lixiviation Alcaline de Sulfure (ASL) pour la récupération du cuivre et de l’or de l’énargite. On peut récupérer le cuivre comme métal de cathode ou comme concentré propre approprié à la fusion. L’or est récupéré par fusion, par cyanuration conventionnelle ou par hydrométallurgie de sulfure alcalin. Couplé à cela, il y a la précipitation efficace et la stabilisation de l’arsenic en scorodite et ferrihydrite
P2‐185: Misfolded tau protein in transgenic rat cortical neurons causes increased sensitivity to nitrosative stress (2009)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major cause of memory impairment and cognitive decline in adulthood. Increased accumulation of high molecular complexes composed of aberrant tau proteins within the neurons of central nervous system is a typical feature of the disease. Our aim was to investigate molecular mechanisms leading to formation of tau protein complexes and toxicity of tau species in neurons. Human full length and truncated tau were cloned, isolated from bacteria and purified by ion-exchange chromatography followed by size-exclusion gel filtration. DTT used during purification procedure was removed by desalting into buffer saturated with argon. Purification and storage were performed under argon atmosphere in order to prevent oxidation of thiol groups. 3-morpholinosydnonimine (Sin-1) was used for in vitro nitration of recombinant tau proteins. Oligomerization of tau molecules was detected by western blotting with specific anti-tau mAb DC25. The expression of truncated misfolded tau protein in primary neurons was determined in isolated neurons from transgenic rat. Intracellular ATP levels and toxicity was assessed by determination of AK in culture medium. The experiments were performed using primary cortical neurons from 18 ED transgenic rats and cultured for 16 DIV. Protein preparations did not contain any oligomers even after long term storage whereas proteins desalted without the use of argon contained up to 70% of dimers. Incubation of t40 protein with Sin-1 (1,25mM) resulted in formation of oligomers (6,1% of total tau). However, the same nitration conditions resulted in formation of dimers (21,4 % of total tau) and tetramers (3,7%) in case of truncated tau protein. The data indicate that truncation renders tau more susceptible oligomerization due to nitration. This can be explained by conformational changes of tau attained after truncation. We have shown that nitrative stress strongly increases oligomerization of truncated tau in cell-free system. This may underlie an accumulation of aberrant tau in neurons. Truncated tau-expressing neurons treated with Sin-1, displayed dramatically reduced survival. This work was supported by research funding agencies of Slovak republic: VEGA, No. 2/0148/08; 2/7130/27 and APVV No. 0634-07 and international agency: ICGEB grant No. CRP/SVK08-01 and Axon grant.
Structural basis for chemically-induced homodimerization of a single domain antibody (2019)

Chemically-induced dimerization (CID) systems are essential tools to interrogate and control biological systems. AcVHH is a single domain antibody homo-dimerizing upon caffeine binding. AcVHH has a strong potential for clinical applications through caffeine-mediated in vivo control of therapeutic gene networks. Here we provide the structural basis for caffeine-induced homo-dimerization of acVHH.
Purple Acid Phosphatase (2004)

Abstract Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) hydrolyzing activated phosphoric acid esters and anhydrides have in common a two‐metal center with a tyrosine‐Fe(III) charge transfer transition responsible for the color. In the mammalian enzymes from the spleen, macrophages, osteoclasts, and uterine fluids, the second metal in the active site is Fe(II); whereas, the plant enzyme kidney bean PAP (kbPAP) has an Fe(III)–Zn(II) active center. The structure of the homodimeric 111‐kDa kbPAP shows the active site at the carboxy end of two sandwiched β–α–β–α–β motifs. The two metal ions are bridged monodentately by Asp164. The iron is further coordinated by Tyr167, His325, and Asp135, and the zinc by His286, His323, and Asn201. The active‐site structure is consistent with proposals on the mechanism of phosphate ester hydrolysis by nucleophilic attack on the phosphate by an Fe(III)‐coordinated hydroxide ion. Protein isolation, biological functions, sequences, activity, comparison of mammalian and plant PAPs, and the functional aspects of both types are discussed extensively.
La tristeza des agrumes dans la Caraïbe : cas particulier de la Martinique (2000)

La Tristeza des Agrumes, occasionnée par le CTV, Citrus Tristeza Virus, provoque une des maladies de dégénérescence les plus destructrices des agrumes. Parmi les espèces potentiellement hôtes du virus (Rutacées et Passifloracées), les Citrus représentent le réservoir principal de l'agent pathogène. Transmis par l'homme (outils de greffage, de taille) ou par puceron, en particulier le puceron brun des agrumes, Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy, le virus peut se propager très rapidement dans un verger ou une zone géographique pour atteindre une contamination maximale. A ce jour, quasiment toutes les îles de la Caraïbe signalent la présence du CTV et du puceron brun des agrumes. Suite à la mise en évidence définitive de la présence du virus de la Tristeza des agrumes en Martinique en 1996, il s'avérait nécessaire de connaître l'ampleur de l'infestation de l'île. Pour cela, dès 1998, une campagne de détection du virus a été mise en place en Martinique par le CIRAD-FLHOR (Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - productions Fruitières, Légumières et Horticoles) en collaboration avec le SPV (Service de Protection des Végétaux) et la FDGDEC (Fédération Départementale des Groupements de Défense contre les Ennemis des Cultures). Par la suite, ces trois organismes ont mené une étude épidémiologique de la Tristeza des agrumes afin d'évaluer le développement de cette maladie dans le contexte martiniquais.
Rheological Properties of (1→3),(1→4)‐β‐d‐Glucans from Raw, Roasted, and Steamed Oat Groats (1998)

ABSTRACT Effects of hydrothermal treatments (steaming, roasting) of oat grain on β‐glucan extractability and rheological properties were tested on oat cultivars with low (Robert) and high (Marion) β‐glucan content. Steaming of grain reduced the amount of β‐glucan that could be extracted, compared with raw or roasted grain, but the extracts from steamed grain had much greater viscosity. Increased extraction temperatures increased the amount and the average relative molecular mass ( M r ) value of β‐glucan extracted. In boiling water extractions, the average M r values among raw, roasted and steamed oat samples were equivalent, but extracts from steamed oat grain had significantly higher intrinsic viscosity than the extracts from roasted or raw oat grains. β‐glucan solutions purified from steamed grain extracts were very viscous and highly pseudoplastic, as described by the power law equation. Oat β‐glucan from steamed samples were more viscoelastic than β‐glucan from roasted or raw oat samples. Because viscous properties of β‐glucan from boiling water extracts are influencedhydrothermal treatments without affecting polymer molecular weight, polymer interaction with the solvent must be affected. Steaming may disrupt intramolecular cross‐linkings in native β‐glucan, allowing a linear chain configuration to generate greater viscosity.
Change in crystalline structure and band alignment in atomic-layer-deposited HfO2 on InP using an annealing treatment (2013)

Changes in structural characteristics and band alignments of atomic-layer-deposited HfO2 films on InP (001) as a function of annealing temperature and film thickness were investigated using various analytical techniques. After an annealing at temperatures over 500 °C, the HfO2 films were converted into a fully crystalline structure with a tetragonal phase with no detectable interfacial layer between the film and the InP substrate. In–P–O states, produced by interfacial reactions, were increased during the post deposition annealing (PDA) process and oxides were detected in the surface region of the HfO2 film, indicating that In and P atoms had out-diffused. The Eg value of the as-grown HfO2 film was found to be 5.80 ± 0.1 eV. After the PDA treatment, the optical band gap and valence band offset values were significantly affected by the interfacial oxide states between the HfO2 film and InP substrate. Moreover, band bending in InP, due to negative space charges generated by an unstable P-rich interfacial state during atomic layer deposition process was decreased after the annealing treatment.
Constrained Gaussian Process Regression for Gene-Disease Association (2013)

We introduce a class of methods for Gaussian process regression with functional expectation constraints. We show that the solution can be found without the need for approximations when the constraint set satisfies a representation theorem. Further, the solution is unique when the constraint set is convex. Constrained Gaussian process regression is motivated by the modeling of transposable (matrix) data with missing entries. For such data, our approach augments the Gaussian process with a nuclear norm constraint to incorporate low rank structure. The constrained Gaussian process approach is applied to the prediction of hidden associations between genes and diseases using a small set of observed associations as well as prior covariances induced by gene-gene interaction networks and disease ontologies. We present experimental results showing the performance improvements that result from the use of additional constraints.
SLA-Based Resource Allocation for Software as a Service Provider (SaaS) in Cloud Computing Environments (2011)

Cloud computing has been considered as a solution for solving enterprise application distribution and configuration challenges in the traditional software sales model. Migrating from traditional software to Cloud enables on-going revenue for software providers. However, in order to deliver hosted services to customers, SaaS companies have to either maintain their own hardware or rent it from infrastructure providers. This requirement means that SaaS providers will incur extra costs. In order to minimize the cost of resources, it is also important to satisfy a minimum service level to customers. Therefore, this paper proposes resource allocation algorithms for SaaS providers who want to minimize infrastructure cost and SLA violations. Our proposed algorithms are designed in a way to ensure that Saas providers are able to manage the dynamic change of customers, mapping customer requests to infrastructure level parameters and handling heterogeneity of Virtual Machines. We take into account the customers' Quality of Service parameters such as response time, and infrastructure level parameters such as service initiation time. This paper also presents an extensive evaluation study to analyze and demonstrate that our proposed algorithms minimize the SaaS provider's cost and the number of SLA violations in a dynamic resource sharing Cloud environment.
DEVELOPMENT OF A 500-KV PHOTO-CATHODE DC GUN FOR THE ERL LIGHT SOURCES IN JAPAN ∗ (2009)

Energy recovery linac (ERL) based next generation light source such as X-ray FEL requires high brightness electron gun. We have developed a 500-kV, 10-mA photocathode DC gun. A segmented ceramic insulator with guard rings is employed to improve stability and robustness at high voltage operation by keeping field emission electrons away from the ceramic surface. A Cockcroft-Walton power supply and the insulator are installed in a SF6 tank and high voltage test up to 550kV was successfully done without a metal rod which supports a cathode electrode. All the vacuum chambers are made of chemically polished titanium alloy with very low out-gassing. A GaAs photocathode is activated in a separate preparation system. Up-to-date status of the gun development will be presented in detail.
A Study on the Cytoarchitecture of Taste Buds of Rat Circumvallate Papillae (1969)

In the taste buds of rat circumvallate papillae the taste bud cells are easily distinguished into two cell types, a light cell and a dark cell, according to their cellular arrangement and morphological characteristics.1. The cytoplasm of the light cell, which is less dense than that of the dark cell, is characterized by the presence of a few lysosomes and many empty vesicles. The apical portion of the light cell ends in short microvilli which do not reach the outer surface of the taste pore.2. The dark cell contains well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and numerous dense granules in the cytoplasm. In its apical portion the dark cell projects a rod-shaped process extending from the inner part of a taste pore to the external environment. The dark cell partly envelops the light cell in a manner similar to the relationship between nerve and Schwann cell.3. In the nerve fibers ramifying within the taste bud there are two forms comprising club-like endings and beaded endings. Synaptic contacts take place between the nerve and the light cell at the lower half of the bud. Synaptic vesicles of about 400-600Å in diameter are found in the cytoplasm of the light cells. Occasionally, the axoplasm contain both empty and granular vesicles.
Assembly and Functional Analysis of an S/MAR Based Episome with the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene (2018)

Improving the efficacy of gene therapy vectors is still an important goal toward the development of safe and efficient gene therapy treatments. S/MAR (scaffold/matrix attached region)-based vectors are maintained extra-chromosomally in numerous cell types, which is similar to viral-based vectors. Additionally, when established as an episome, they show a very high mitotic stability. In the present study we tested the idea that addition of an S/MAR element to a CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) expression vector, may allow the establishment of a CFTR episome in bronchial epithelial cells. Starting from the observation that the S/MAR vector pEPI-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescence protein) is maintained as an episome in human bronchial epithelial cells, we assembled the CFTR vector pBQ-S/MAR. This vector, transfected in bronchial epithelial cells with mutated <i>CFTR</i>, supported long term wt <i>CFTR</i> expression and activity, which in turn positively impacted on the assembly of tight junctions in polarized epithelial cells. Additionally, the recovery of intact pBQ-S/MAR, but not the parental vector lacking the S/MAR element, from transfected cells after extensive proliferation, strongly suggested that pBQ-S/MAR was established as an episome. These results add a new element, the S/MAR, that can be considered to improve the persistence and safety of gene therapy vectors for cystic fibrosis pulmonary disease.
Stochastic finite element: a non intrusive approach by regression (2006)

The stochastic finite element method allows to solve stochastic boundary value problems where material properties and loads are random. The method is based on the expansion of the mechanical response onto the so-called polynomial chaos. In this paper, a non intrusive method based on a least-squares minimization procedure is presented. This method is illustrated by the study of the settlement of a foundation. Different analysis are proposed: the computation of the statistical moments of the response, a reliability analysis and a parametric sensitivity analysis.