gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Process Parameters and Tooling Improvement for the Rheocasting of High Quality Aluminum Components Using the SEED Process (2011)

The automotive industry has leaned greatly towards the use of aluminum alloys by virtue of their strength and low density.Given this, the potential for aluminum use in the fabrication of vehicle parts has greatly increased.However, there are limited studies devoted to the improvement of the casting process.In the present work, the SEED (Swirled Enthalpy Equilibrium Device) rheocasting method, as developed by Rio Tinto Alcan in collaboration with the Aluminium Technology Center of NRC Canada (ATC-NRC), was analyzed by the authors in an attempt to optimize operating parameters (e.g.proper mold filling, slurry temperature, injection speed, etc.), which affect the final cast part quality.In many of the existing semi-solid casting processes which use billets as feedstock, for example, it is often found that the outer surface of the billets is contaminated.During the injection phase, a billet's external skin comes into contact with air and lubricant, and, as a result, becomes contaminated.The use of such a contaminated billet can often result in an increased rejection rate of cast parts.The SEED process, which uses heat extraction of the liquid aluminum alloy via mechanical agitation (swirling) in a confined cylinder to form the semi-solid billet on site, has already proven successful in producing sound aluminum castings having an excellent combination of strength and ductility.The resulting semi-solid billet, having a microstructure consisting of α-Al globules surrounded by the eutectic phase, is then injected into the cold chamber of an HPDC machine.
Model Theoretic Syntax (2000)

this article appeared in Glot, the main issue agitating researchers in model theoretic syntax was the problem of the context-free barrier. We have seen that the hierarchy of logics collapses, when applied to trees, at the border of the tree languages strongly generated by context free (string) grammars, in the sense that distinctions between the different tree logics reduce to apparently superficial distinctions in how much memory allocation is hidden in the logic. The problem which researchers set themselves was not just breaking the context free barrier but remaining decidable in the process. This is a very difficult problem, and it must be admitted right off that it is somewhat artificial in that there is no a priori reason to suppose that natural languages can be described in a decidable logic. The arguments on either side are something like the following. First, the rather slight increases in computational complexity required to get the &amp;quot;mildly context sensitive&amp;quot; languages do suggest that this might be possible. The hunch here would be that the qualities that characterize the mildly context sensitive languages (polynomial parsability, constant growth property) as being like the context-free languages are going to turn out to be reflections of decidability. The problems must not be underestimated, however! It is well known that the monadic second order logic of trees is one of the most powerful decidable logics known. It seems unlikely that any primitive relations can be added to the repertoire of tree description primitives that we have already seen, without making the logic undecidable. Many attempts have been made within logic and all have failed. So it is equally tempting to conjecture that the context-free boundary coincides in some deep sense with the bounda...
Ramon Castroviejo 1904–1987 (2000)

The text and graphics for this biography were reproduced from Corneal Transplantation: A History in Profiles by Mark J. Mannis and Avi A. Mannis, Chapter 15 "Ramon Castroviejo" by Frank M. Polack, by permission from J.-P. Wayenborgh Press, Postbus 96, B-8400 Oostende 3, Belgium. http://www.history-ophthalmology.com
Properties of a prolactin receptor from the rabbit mammary gland (1974)

Receptors for human, simian, ovine, bovine and murine prolactin, human growth hormone and human placental lactogen have been identified in plasma-membrane-containing subcellular particles isolated from rabbit mammary glands. The association and dissociation of (125)I-labelled prolactin are time- and temperature-dependent processes, both being maximal at 37 degrees C. (125)I-labelled prolactin prepared by the enzymic iodination procedure with lactoperoxidase binds better to receptors than does the preparation obtained by using chloramine-t as the oxidizing agent. The binding of (125)I-labelled prolactin to receptors is strongly influenced by pH and ionic composition but not by many low-molecular-weight compounds tested, e.g. steroids, nucleotides and several drugs. Receptor activity is sensitive to trypsin and phospholipase C digestion, suggesting that protein and phospholipid moieties are essential for the binding of (125)I-labelled prolactin. The binding of (125)I-labelled prolactin to receptors is a saturable and reversible process. Scatchard and Lineweaver-Burk analyses suggest that (125)I-labelled prolactin has a high affinity for its receptor. Binding of (125)I-labelled prolactin to receptors does not result in the destruction of the hormone. Considerable prolactin-binding activity is also observed in subcellular fractions isolated from the adrenal gland, liver, ovary and kidney of the pregnant rabbit, a finding that is consistent with other reported actions of prolactin in these organs.
Distinct roles for twoC. elegansanillins in the gonad and early embryo (2005)

Anillins are conserved proteins that are important for stabilizing and remodeling the actin cytoskeleton. Anillins have been implicated in cytokinesis in several systems and in cellularization of the syncytial Drosophila embryo. Here, we examine the functions of three C. elegans proteins with homology to anillin (ANI-1, ANI-2 and ANI-3). We show that ANI-1 and ANI-2 contribute to embryonic viability by performing distinct functions in the early embryo and gonad, respectively. By contrast, ANI-3 appears to be dispensable for embryonic development. ANI-1 is essential for cortical ruffling and pseudocleavage, contractile events that occur in embryos prior to mitosis. ANI-1 is also required for the highly asymmetric cytokinetic events that extrude the two polar bodies during oocyte meiosis, but is dispensable for cytokinesis following mitotic chromosome segregation. During both meiosis and mitosis, ANI-1 targets the septins, but not myosin II, to the contractile ring and does not require either for its own targeting. In contrast to ANI-1, ANI-2 functions during oogenesis to maintain the structure of the rachis, the central core of cytoplasm that connects the developing oocytes in the syncytial gonad. In ANI-2-depleted worms, oocytes disconnect prematurely from the defective rachis, generating embryos of varying sizes. Our results highlight specialization of divergent anillin family proteins in the C. elegans life cycle and reveal conserved roles for this protein family in organizing syncytial structures and cortical contractility.
Causes of death in cancer patients (1974)

The records of 816 cancer patients who had a complete postmortem examination during a 3-year period were reviewed. Death resulted from infection in 47% of the patients, from organ failure in 25%, and from infarction, hemorrhage, and carcinomatosis in 11%, 7%, and 10%, respectively. The most common fatal infections were pneumonia, septicemia, and peritonitis. The majority of infections were caused by gram-negative bacilli, mainly E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., and Klebsiella spp. In 71% of the 816 patients, the underlying tumor precipitated the cause of death. Consequently, better modalities of cancer therapy and supportive therapy are needed.
The influence of chemical structure on the dielectric behaviour of polypropylene (2002)

The polar functional groups induced in polypropylene by radio-oxidation have been shown to affect the dielectric response of the material in terms of loss. As expected, the introduction of a stabiliser reduces the concentration of gamma-induced oxidation products for a given radiation dose and this is reflected in a concomitant reduction in the magnitude of the resulting electrical signal.
A 45 nm 2-port 8T-SRAM Using Hierarchical Replica Bitline Technique With Immunity From Simultaneous R/W Access Issues (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We propose a new 2-port SRAM with a single read bit line (SRBL) eight transistors (8T) memory cell for a 45 nm system-on-a-chip (SoC). Access time tends to be slower as a fabrication is scaled down because of threshold voltage (<formula><tex>$V_{\rm t}$</tex></formula>) random variations. A Divided read Bit line scheme with Shared local Amplifier (DBSA) realizes fast access time without increasing area penalty. We also show an additional important issue of a simultaneous Read and Write (R/W) access at the same row by using DBSA with the SRBL-8T cell. A rise of the storage node causes misreading. A Read End detecting Replica circuit (RER) and a Local read bit line Dummy Capacitance (LDC) are introduced to solve this issue. A 128 bit lines—512 word lines 64 kb 2-port SRAM macro using these schemes was fabricated by a 45 nm bulk CMOS low-standby-power (LSTP) CMOS process technology <citerefgrp><citeref refid="ref1"/></citerefgrp>. The memory cell size is 0.597 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\mu{\hbox {m}}^{2}$</tex></formula>. This 2-port SRAM macro achieves 7 times faster access time without misreading. </para>
A portable blood plasma clot micro-elastometry device based on resonant acoustic spectroscopy (2020)

Abnormal blood clot stiffness is an important indicator of coagulation disorders arising from a variety of cardiovascular diseases and drug treatments. Here, we present a portable instrument for elastometry of microliter volume blood samples based upon the principle of resonant acoustic spectroscopy, where a sample of well-defined dimensions exhibits a fundamental longitudinal resonance mode proportional to the square root of the Young’s modulus. In contrast to commercial thromboelastography, the resonant acoustic method offers improved repeatability and accuracy due to the high signal-to-noise ratio of the resonant vibration. We review the measurement principles and the design of a magnetically actuated microbead force transducer applying between 23 pN and 6.7 nN, providing a wide dynamic range of elastic moduli (3 Pa–27 kPa) appropriate for measurement of clot elastic modulus (CEM). An automated and portable device, the CEMport, is introduced and implemented using a 2 nm resolution displacement sensor with demonstrated accuracy and precision of 3% and 2%, respectively, of CEM in biogels. Importantly, the small strains (<0.13%) and low strain rates (<1/s) employed by the CEMport maintain a linear stress-to-strain relationship which provides a perturbative measurement of the Young’s modulus. Measurements of blood plasma CEM versus heparin concentration show that CEMport is sensitive to heparin levels below 0.050 U/ml, which suggests future applications in sensing heparin levels of post-surgical cardiopulmonary bypass patients. The portability, high accuracy, and high precision of this device enable new clinical and animal studies for associating CEM with blood coagulation disorders, potentially leading to improved diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring.
Absence of mutations in the kinase domain of the Met gene and frequent expression of Met and HGF/SF protein in primary gastric carcinomas (2000)

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and its receptor, Met, are known to play important roles in tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. We analyzed the expression of these genes and the mutations in the kinase domain of the Met gene in 43 gastric carcinomas. Of the 43 cases, the Met and HGF/SF protein were expressed in 29 (67%) and 22 (51%), respectively. All of the cases with HGF/SF immunopositivity also expressed Met. Of 22 cases with HGF/SF immunopositivity, 13 (59%) expressed HGF/SF in tumor cells as well as fibroblasts. We detected no aberrant single-strand conformational polymorphism patterns, suggesting that there are no genetic alterations in the kinase domain of the Met gene. These results indicate that HGF/SF-mediated autocrine and/or paracrine stimulation and overexpression rather than structural alteration of its receptor may contribute to the development and progression of gastric carcinoma, and that expression of Met and HGF/SF may confer a growth advantage to neoplastic cells.
The CCR4 antagonist CCX6239 for the treatment of allergic airways disease (2013)

The association of CCR4+ lymphocytes with allergic airway disorders such as rhinitis and asthma has long been known and, as such, there has been considerable interest in developing small molecule antagonists against this target. However, despite the perceived utility, there has been a paucity of CCR4 antagonists advancing into clinical development. CCX6239 is a highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable small molecule antagonist of CCR4 in late stage preclinical development. CCX6239 inhibits both CCL17 and CCL22-induced chemotaxis of human blood lymphocytes with A2 values of 5 and 10 nM, respectively. Importantly, CCX6239 remains potent in the presence of 100% human serum, inhibiting both CCL17 and CCL22-induced chemotaxis of human blood lymphocytes with A2 values of 20 and 26 nM respectively. CCX6239 is highly selective for CCR4, showing no cross-reactivity with other chemokine receptors and no significant activity against the hERG potassium channel or CYP isozymes. CCX6239 also inhibits murine CCR4 in 100% serum with an A2 value of 60 nM. CCX6239 was tested in a murine model of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation. Doses of CCX6329 that resulted in plasma levels of compound which exceeded the in vitro serum A10 value resulted in a significant reduction in the numbers of leukocytes recovered from the BAL and levels of Th2-associated cytokines. Pharmacokinetic profiles in preclinical species and resultant allometric scaling to humans indicate that a single oral daily dose of CCX6329 would provide serum-adjusted A10 coverage of the receptor in humans. In summary, CCX6239 is a highly potent and selective, orally bioavailable antagonist of CCR4 for potential use in allergic airway inflammation.
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Signaling in Mammalian Cells (2017)

The bioactive lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) binds to a family of G protein-coupled receptors, termed S1P₁-S1P₅. These receptors function in, for example, the cardiovascular system to regulate vascular barrier integrity and tone, the nervous system to regulate neuronal differentiation, myelination and oligodendrocyte/glial cell survival and the immune system to regulate T- and B-cell subsets and trafficking. S1P receptors also participate in the pathophysiology of autoimmunity, inflammatory disease, cancer, neurodegeneration and others. In this review, we describe how S1P₁ can form a complex with G-protein and β-arrestin, which function together to regulate effector pathways. We also discuss the role of the S1P₁-Platelet derived growth factor receptor β functional complex (which deploys G-protein/β-arrestin and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling) in regulating cell migration. Possible mechanisms by which different S1P-chaperones, such as Apolipoprotein M-High-Density Lipoprotein induce biological programmes in cells are also described. Finally, the role of S1P₁ in health and disease and as a target for clinical intervention is appraised.
Scanning Force Microscopy Study of Ceramic Fibers for Advanced Composites (1996)

The surface roughness and topography of three different Al 2 O 3 fibers were evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The fibers used were as‐received, refractory‐metal coated, and Y 2 O 3 /refractory‐metal duplex‐layer coated. The refractory‐metal coating and Y 2 O 3 coating on the Al 2 O 3 fibers increased the average surface roughness from 13.3 to 17.1 and 18.8 nm, respectively. The topographic image of the fibers evaluated by AFM was compared to that obtained by scanning electron microscopy. Lateral force microscopy (LFM) was used to measure the distribution of the friction force on the refractory‐metal‐coated Al 2 O 3 surfaces, with friction coefficients ranging from 0.2 to 0.8; the average friction coefficient was 0.38. Tailoring the mechanical properties at fiber/matrix interfaces by surface modification of Al 2 O 3 fibers to improve the overall mechanical properties of the composites also was proposed.
Functionally sequenced scanpath similarity method (FuncSim): Comparing and evaluating scanpath similarity based on a task’s inherent sequence of functional (action) units (2013)

Measures of scanpath similarity are essential in many domains of eye tracking research. Depending on the question, different calculations are adequate. We (Foerster, Carbone, Koesling, &amp; Schneider, 2011) developed a method with a functional matching procedure suitable for sequential tasks. Here, we report two extensions. We introduced an alignment variant making the method more robust across tasks. We added the possibility to compare scanpaths according to multiple characteristics. The extended method, here called “functionally sequenced scanpath similarity method (FuncSim)” reveals whether gaze characteristics are similar in the same functional units of a task, opposed to when participants are engaged in different functional units. Finally, the advantages of our method are presented and compared to other methods of scanpath similarity calculation.
Was ist beim Einsatz einer Batterie zu beachten (1992)

ZusammenfassungDie Kriterien, die beachtet werden müssen, sind: Wo ist die Batterie im Einsatz? Wie viele Zellen werden eingesetzt? Welche Spannung wird gebraucht? In welchem Bereich müssen die Spannungsgrenzen liegen? Wie groß soll die Kapazität der Batterie sein?
Effects of elevated CO 2 on nutrient cycling in forests. (2001)

This paper presents reviews on: the nutrient responses to elevated CO2 in open-top chamber and their potential effects on stand level cycling through logic and simulation modelling; and the data from free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments.
Inflammatory intrathecal profiles and cortical damage in multiple sclerosis (2018)

A common pattern of intrathecal (meninges and CSF) inflammatory profile strongly correlates with increased cortical pathology, both at the time of diagnosis and at death. These results suggest a role for detailed CSF analysis combined with MRI as a prognostic marker for more aggressive MS. Ann Neurol 2018 Ann Neurol 2018;83:739-755.
CCR Translation for This Article from IDO Expression in Brain Tumors Increases the Recruitment of Regulatory T Cells and Negatively Impacts Survival (2023)

CCR Translation for This Article from IDO Expression in Brain Tumors Increases the Recruitment of Regulatory T Cells and Negatively Impacts Survival
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of nine cytochrome P450 probe drugs and their corresponding metabolites in human serum and urine (2017)

Cocktail phenotyping using specific probe drugs for cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes provides information on the real-time activity of multiple CYPs. We investigated different sample preparation techniques and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with simple protein precipitation for the analysis of nine CYP probe drugs and their metabolites in human serum and urine. Specific CYP probe drugs (melatonin, CYP1A2; nicotine, CYP2A6; bupropion, CYP2B6; repaglinide, CYP2C8; losartan, CYP2C9; omeprazole, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4; dextromethorphan, CYP2D6; chlorzoxazone, CYP2E; midazolam, CYP3A4) and their main metabolites, with the exception of 3′-hydroxyrepaglinide, were quantified in human serum and urine using the developed LC-MS/MS method. The analytical method was fully validated showing high selectivity, linearity, acceptable accuracy (85–115 %) and precision (2–19 %) and applied to a pharmacokinetic study in four healthy volunteers after oral administration of drugs given as a cocktail. All probe drugs and their metabolites (totally 19 analytes) were detected and quantified from human serum and urine over the time range of 1 to 6 h after oral administration. Therefore, the proposed method is applicable for drug interaction and CYP phenotyping studies utilizing a cocktail approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Deoxy‐3‐fluoro‐D‐fructose. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MIMO Precoding with Limited Rate Feedback: Simple Quantizers Work Well (2009)

Transmitter preceding is a crucial technique for harnessing the potential of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels. In many practical wireless systems, a limited amount of feedback from the receiver is available at the transmitter, which can be used to direct the choice of the precoder from a codebook to match the channel state. Assuming noiseless, limited-rate feedback, this work studies the design of simple, efficient quantization and feedback schemes which achieve near-optimal ergodic channel capacity. In the case the precoder takes the form of a beamforming vector for modulating a single symbol stream, it is found that simple scalar quantization of the elements of the vector is nearly optimal over a wide range of feedback rates; it typically costs a fraction of a dB higher SNR to achieve the same capacity as that of far more sophisticated vector quantization schemes. In the case a precoding matrix consisting of multiple beams is used to modulate multiple symbol streams, separate encoding of the beams using scalar quantization also performs well. Roughly speaking, the rate loss due to separate encoding of the beams increases linearly with the number of beams but appears to be constant over a wide range of SNRs. The loss can be reduced substantially by more sophisticated encoding of each beam, e.g., two-state trellis coded quantization. The complexity of such quantization schemes is linear in the number of antennas and the number of feedback bits.
Physiological and Anatomical Circuitry between Agouti-Related Protein and Leptin Signaling (1999)

Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is an orexigenic neuropeptide that acts via central melanocortin receptors, and whose messenger RNA (mRNA) levels are elevated in leptin-deficient mice. Fasting associated with a decline in circulating leptin normally causes a 15-fold elevation of hypothalamic Agrp mRNA levels but has no effect in leptin-deficient mice. Chronic hyperleptinemia associated with the tubby and Cpefat mutations has no effect on Agrp mRNA levels, but short term leptin administration causes a 17% reduction of Agrp mRNA levels in nonmutant mice and a 700% reduction in leptin-deficient mice. In young nonobese animals, melanocortin receptor blockade associated with the Ay mutation causes complete resistance to leptin-induced weight loss. Dual in situ hybridization reveals that Agrp-expressing neurons in the medial portion of the arcuate nucleus constitute a subpopulation different from Pomc-expressing neurons, and that a significant proportion of Agrp-expressing neurons (10–25%) coexpresses the leptin receptor, Lepr-b. Immunocytochemistry confirms distinct locations of AGRP- and POMC-expressing cell bodies, but reveals an overlapping distribution of their terminal fields in the arcuate nucleus, the paraventricular hypothalamus, and the dorsomedial hypothalamus. These results suggest that in the fed state, AGRP is normally suppressed by leptin, and that release of this suppression during fasting leads to increased ingestive behavior.