gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A risk-adapted, response-based approach using ABVE-PC for children and adolescents with intermediate- and high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma: the results of P9425 (2009)

Current treatment strategies for Hodgkin lymphoma result in excellent survival but often confer significant long-term toxicity. We designed ABVE-PC (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, etoposide, prednisone, cyclophosphamide) to (1) enhance treatment efficacy by dose-dense drug delivery and (2) reduce risk of long-term sequelae by response-based reduction of cumulative chemotherapy. Efficient induction of early response by dose-dense drug delivery supported an early-response-adapted therapeutic paradigm. The 216 eligible patients were younger than 22 years with intermediate- or high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma. ABVE-PC was administered every 21 days. Rapid early responders (RERs) to 3 ABVE-PC cycles received 21 Gy radiation to involved regions; RER was documented in 63% of patients. Slow early responders received 2 additional ABVE-PC cycles before 21 Gy radiation. Five-year event-free-survival was 84%: 86% for the RER and 83% for the slow early responders (P = .85). Only 1% of patients had progressive disease. Five-year overall survival was 95%. With this regimen, cumulative doses of alkylators, anthracyclines, and epipodophyllotoxins are below thresholds usually associated with significant long-term toxicity. ABVE-PC is a dose-dense regimen that provides outstanding event-free survival/overall survival with short duration, early-response-adapted therapy.
Katalytische Ammoniaksynthese – eine “unendliche Geschichte”? (2003)

Abstract Stickstoffatome sind funktional notwendig in biologischen Molekülen und finden sich daher auch in Düngemitteln und Pharmaka. Nichtbiologische Nutzanwendungen von Bindungen zu Stickstoffatomen sind Farbstoffe, Sprengmittel und Hartstoffe. Alle Synthesen dieser Materialien verwenden das Schlüsselmolekül Ammoniak als aktivierten Stickstoffbaustein. Dies gilt für natürliche Prozesse ebenso wie für die chemische Technik. Das Wissen um die vielfältigen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ammoniak ist daher von zentraler Bedeutung für die Chemie. Die Haber‐Bosch‐Synthese ist das erste und noch heute eingesetzte Verfahren der industriellen heterogenen Katalysetechnik. Die Aufklärung des Wirkmechanismus und die Umsetzung zur technischen Perfektion wurden zum Prüfstein für die wissenschaftliche Grundlagenentwicklung der Katalyseforschung.
Solubility limit and material properties of a κ-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 thin film with a lateral cation gradient on (00.1)Al2O3 by tin-assisted PLD (2020)

A ternary, orthorhombic κ-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 thin film was synthesized by combinatorial pulsed laser deposition on a 2 in. in diameter c-sapphire substrate with a composition gradient. Structural, morphological, and optical properties were studied as a function of the alloy composition. The thin film crystallized in the orthorhombic polymorph for Al contents of 0.07 ≤ x ≤ 0.46, enabling bandgap engineering from 5.03 eV to 5.85 eV. The direct optical bandgap and the c-lattice constant, as well, show a linear dependence on the cation composition. XRD measurements, especially 2θ-ω- and ϕ-scans, revealed the growth of κ-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 in [001]-direction and in three rotational domains. The surface morphology was investigated by atomic force microscopy and reveals root mean square surface roughnesses below 1 nm. Furthermore, the dielectric function (DF) and the refractive index, determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry, were investigated in dependence on the Al content. Certain features of the DF show a blue shift with increasing Al concentration.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTO‐INDUZIERTE FRIEDEL‐CRAFTS‐RK. 3. MITT. BLDG. VON INDOLESSIGSAEURE (1971)

Abstract Bei der Bestrahlung von Indol (I) und Chloressigsäuremethylester (II) entstehen Gemische aus 7 isomeren Indolessigestern (III).
Employing the flocking behavior of birds for controlling congestion in autonomous decentralized networks (2009)

Recently a great emphasis has been given on autonomous decentralized networks (ADNs) wherein constituent nodes carry out specific tasks collectively. Their dynamic and constrained nature along with the emerging need for offering quality of service (QoS) assurances drive the necessity for effective network control mechanisms. This study focuses on designing a robust and self-adaptable congestion control mechanism which aims to be simple to implement at the individual node, and involve minimal information exchange, while maximizing network lifetime and providing QoS assurances. Our approach combats congestion by mimicking the collective behavior of bird flocks having global self-* properties achieved collectively without explicitly programming them into individual nodes. The main idea is to dasiaguidepsila packets (birds) to form flocks and flow towards the sink (global attractor), whilst trying to avoid congestion regions (obstacles). Unlike the bio-swarm approach of Couzin, which is formulated on a metrical space, our approach is reformulated on to a topological space (graph of nodes), while repulsion/attraction forces manipulate the direction of motion of packets. Our approach provides sink direction discovery, congestion detection and traffic management in ADNs with emphasis on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Performance evaluations show the effectiveness of our self-adaptable mechanism in balancing the offered load and in providing graceful performance degradation under high load scenarios compared to typical conventional approaches.
Atomic layer deposition(ALD) of Ru thin film on Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>/Si substrate using RuO<inf>4</inf> precursor and H<inf>2</inf> gas (2018)

For the electrode material of next-generation DRAM capacitor, Ru film was grown by an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process using RuO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> and H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> as a precursor and reactant gas, respectively. The Ru film showed an abnormal ALD growth behavior with the increasing reactant gas injection time on Ta <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> /Si, substrate. The growth mechanism was examined in detail, and the electrical and physical performances of Ru films were suitable for electrode materials.
Linear-size nonobtuse triangulation of polygons (1994)

We give an algorithm for triangulating n-vertex polygonal regions (with holes) so that no angle in the final triangulation measures more than π/2. The number of triangles in the triangulation is only O(n), improving a previous bound of O(n2), and the worst-case running time is O(nlog2n). The basic technique used in the algorithm, recursive subdivision by disks, is new and may have wider application in mesh generation. We also report on an implementation of our algorithm.
Paecilomyces variotii: A Fungus Capable of Removing Ammonia Nitrogen and Inhibiting Ammonia Emission from Manure (2016)

Ammonia (NH3) emissions from animal manure are a significant environmental and public concern. Despite the numerous studies regarding NH3 emissions from manure, few of them have considered microbial nitrification approaches, especially fungal nitrification. In this study, a filamentous fungus was isolated from chicken manure and was used for nitrification. The species was Paecilomyces variotii by morphological characteristics and 18S rDNA gene sequencing. It played the biggest role in the removal of ammonium at pH 4.0-7.0, C/N ratio of 10-40, temperature of 25-37°C, shaking speed of 150 rpm, and with glucose as the available carbon source. Further analysis revealed that all ammonium was removed when the initial ammonium concentration was less than 100 mg/L; 40% ammonium was removed when the initial ammonium concentration was 1100 mg/L. The results showed that the concentration of ammonia from chicken manure with strain Paecilomyces variotii was significantly lower than that in the control group. We concluded that Paecilomyces variotii has good potential for future applications in in situ ammonium removal as well as ammonia emissions control from poultry manure.
Effects of 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide on RNA synthesis. (1969)

Summary 4-Nitroquinoline- N -oxide, a potent mutagenic, carcinogenic, and carcinostatic agent, has been studied with respect to its effects on RNA synthesis using sucrose gradients, methylated albumin Kieselguhr columns, and the electron microscope. An analysis of polyribosomal amino acid incorporation in tissue culture systems exposed to 4-nitroquinoline- N -oxide demonstrated a marked inhibition of the incorporation of amino acids by polyribosomal structures; the inhibition of amino acid incorporation was apparent within one hour after exposure to 4-nitroquinoline- N -oxide. A few hours after the addition of 4-nitroquinoline- N -oxide, increased amounts of low molecular weight RNA could be demonstrated by trichloracetic acid extraction or methylated albumin Kieselguhr chromatography. This increase probably represented active synthetic products and was not derived primarily from degraded RNA of higher molecular weight. Exposure of HeLa cells to 4-nitroquinoline- N -oxide for 24 hours resulted in depressed synthesis in all RNA fractions; RNA sedimenting below 10 S was less depressed than heavier RNA fractions, as evaluated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The similarity between RNA synthesis in the presence of 4-nitroquinoline- N -oxide and actinomycin D in low dosages is discussed, and the possible similarities in the sites of action are described.
5′ CArG degeneracy in smooth muscle α-actin is required for injury-induced gene suppression in vivo (2005)

CC(A/T)(6)GG–dependent (CArG-dependent) and serum response factor–dependent (SRF-dependent) mechanisms are required for gene expression in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). However, an unusual feature of many SMC-selective promoter CArG elements is that they contain a conserved single G or C substitution in their central A/T-rich region, which reduces binding affinity for ubiquitously expressed SRF. We hypothesized that this CArG degeneracy contributes to cell-specific expression of smooth muscle α-actin in vivo, since substitution of c-fos consensus CArGs for the degenerate CArGs resulted in relaxed specificity in cultured cells. Surprisingly, our present results show that these substitutions have no effect on smooth muscle–specific transgene expression during normal development and maturation in transgenic mice. However, these substitutions significantly attenuated injury-induced downregulation of the mutant transgene under conditions where SRF expression was increased but expression of myocardin, a smooth muscle–selective SRF coactivator, was decreased. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses, together with cell culture studies, suggested that myocardin selectively enhanced SRF binding to degenerate versus consensus CArG elements. Our results indicate that reductions in myocardin expression and the degeneracy of CArG elements within smooth muscle promoters play a key role in phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells in vivo, as well as in mediating responses of CArG-dependent smooth muscle genes and growth regulatory genes under conditions in which these 2 classes of genes are differentially expressed.
Mobilities and molar volumes of multicharged cations in N,N-dimethylformamide at 25 °C (1987)

The molar conductivities and the apparent molal volumes are reported for Be(ClO4)2, In(ClO4)3 and Al(ClO4)3 in N,N-dimethylformamide at 25 °C. The limiting equivalent conductivities and molar volumes of the cations are derived and discussed in terms of influence of charge number on the properties of DMF-solvated cations.
Adversarial multipartite entanglement verification in realistic conditions (2013)

International audience
Actuator based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/PEO/elastomer IPNs (2004)

In order to solve the interface and adhesion problems encountered with multilayered actuators, IPN based actuators are presented. The IPNs are synthesized between poly(ethylene oxide) and polybutadiene networks in which the conducting polymer (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)), PEDOT, is gradually dispersed i.e. the content decreases from the outside towards the center of the film. The conducting IPN morphology was investigated by DMA and microscopy. The choice of the solid polymer electrolyte system is critical when operating in air. Aqueous solution or organic solvents containing electrolytes were first used, but drying failure could not be prevented. The most promising results are obtained with a room temperature ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI). During the redox reactions involving PEDOT in EMITFSI, a cation transfer mechanism occurred. Moreover, the bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion behaves as a plasticizing agent for the IPN matrix. We observed that no degradation of the conducting polymer and no drying process occurred during period as long as 3 months. These actuators can achieve more than 7 E6 bendings from 1 to 18 Hz under applied potential from 2 to 5 V
Modulation of Human T-type Calcium Channels by Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists in vitro (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Consumption of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor agonists (SCRAs) is associated with severe adverse reactions including seizures, arrhythmias and death, but the molecular mechanisms surrounding SCRA toxicity are not yet established. These disease-like symptoms are also synonymous with altered T-type calcium channel activity which controls rhythmicity in the heart and brain. This study examined whether SCRAs alter T-type activity and whether this represents a possible mechanism of toxicity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Fluorescence-based and electrophysiology assays were used to screen 16 structurally related synthetic cannabinoids for their ability to inhibit human T-type calcium channels expressed in HEK293 cells. The most potent compounds were then further examined using patch clamp electrophysiology. KEY RESULTS MDMB-CHMICA and AMB-CHMINACA potently blocked Cav3.2 with IC50 values of 1.5 and 0.74 μM respectively. Current inhibition increased from 47 to 80% and 45 to 87% respectively when the channel was in slow-inactivated state. Both SCRAs had little effect on steady state inactivation, however MDMB-CHMICA significantly shifted the half activation potential by −7mV. Neither drug produced frequency dependent block, in contrast to the phytocannabinoid Δ9-THC. CONCLUSIONS and IMPLICATIONS SCRAs are potent agonists of CB1 receptors and can be extremely toxic, but observed toxicity also resembles symptoms associated with altered Cav3.2 activity. Many SCRAs tested were potent modulators of Cav3.2, raising the possibility that SC toxicity may be due in part to Cav3.2 modulation. This potent T-type channel modulation suggests the possibility of SCRAs as a new drug class with potential to treat diseases associated with altered T-type channel activity.
Real-Time Hypoglycemia Prediction Suite Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (2010)

The HPA will enable automated insulin-pump suspension in response to a pending event that has been detected prior to severe immediate complications.
DNA Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Breast Carcinoma (2012)

Recent studies have suggested that breast cancer is part of the tumor spectrum in Lynch syndrome (LS). However, the frequency and significance of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in breast carcinoma in general is unclear. Some triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBCs) have morphologic features similar to those described in LS-associated colorectal carcinomas; therefore, we hypothesized that TNBCs might be more likely to have MMR deficiency. In this study, we tested our hypothesis in a series of 226 TNBCs along with a control series of 90 non-triple-negative tumors, utilizing DNA MMR protein immunohistochemistry followed by PCR microsatellite instability testing and MLH1 promoter methylation testing. By immunohistochemistry, we identified 4 triple-negative carcinomas (4/226, 1.8%) showing loss of MMR proteins (3 lost MLH1 and PMS2, and 1 lost MSH2 and MSH6); whereas none of the 90 non-triple-negative carcinomas showed loss of protein. Further testing of the 3 MLH1/PMS2 protein-deficient carcinomas identified 1 tumor showing high-frequency microsatellite instability and MLH1 promoter hypermethylation. All 4 MMR protein-deficient carcinomas were ductal type with high histologic and nuclear grades. Prominent lymphocytic infiltration was noted in 2 tumors. The clinical characteristics and survival outcome varied widely among the 4 patients. In conclusion, our results suggest that DNA MMR deficiency is rare in breast carcinoma, and as such, testing of breast carcinoma for the detection of LS may best be restricted to high-risk individuals only. Our data also suggest that not all MMR protein-deficient breast tumors show microsatellite instability, and MLH1 promoter methylation is the molecular basis for at least a subset of microsatellite instable breast tumors. Although MMR-deficient breast carcinomas share certain morphologic features with the more typical types of LS-associated tumors, better characterization, and a better understanding of their clinical behavior await further analysis with a larger sample size.
Chaotic Evolution of a Parametric Instability in a Piezoelectric Semiconductor Plasma (1997)

We consider the chaotic evolution of three parametrically interacting waves in a piezoelectric semiconductor plasma. The evolution equation has been derived using the coupled mode theory. The waves are an extraordinary wave, ordinary wave and upper hybrid acoustic wave. The extraordinary wave is a growing wave and the other two are damped modes. The equations are transformed and put in a standard form and made dimensionless by suitable substitution of new variables. Finally a set of three equations is obtained. The real and imaginary parts of the equations are then separated. The three imaginary equations can be reduced to one resulting in a system of four equations. Analytical investigation are made of the stationary points. The evolution of equations for various parametric values is done numerically. Time series analysis and phase space plots of the chaotic evolution of the amplitude are also investigated numerically. Lyapunov exponents are computed and the results are presented graphically.
Development and Characterization of a Reverse Genetic System for Studying Dengue Virus Serotype 3 Strain Variation and Neutralization (2012)

Dengue viruses (DENV) are enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. There are four genetically distinct serotypes designated DENV-1 through DENV-4, each further subdivided into distinct genotypes. The dengue scientific community has long contended that infection with one serotype confers lifelong protection against subsequent infection with the same serotype, irrespective of virus genotype. However this hypothesis is under increased scrutiny and the role of DENV genotypic variation in protection from repeated infection is less certain. As dengue vaccine trials move increasingly into field-testing, there is an urgent need to develop tools to better define the role of genotypic variation in DENV infection and immunity. To better understand genotypic variation in DENV-3 neutralization and protection, we designed and constructed a panel of isogenic, recombinant DENV-3 infectious clones, each expressing an envelope glycoprotein from a different DENV-3 genotype; Philippines 1982 (genotype I), Thailand 1995 (genotype II), Sri Lanka 1989 and Cuba 2002 (genotype III) and Puerto Rico 1977 (genotype IV). We used the panel to explore how natural envelope variation influences DENV-polyclonal serum interactions. When the recombinant viruses were tested in neutralization assays using immune sera from primary DENV infections, neutralization titers varied by as much as ∼19-fold, depending on the expressed envelope glycoprotein. The observed variability in neutralization titers suggests that relatively few residue changes in the E glycoprotein may have significant effects on DENV specific humoral immunity and influence antibody mediated protection or disease enhancement in the setting of both natural infection and vaccination. These genotypic differences are also likely to be important in temporal and spatial microevolution of DENV-3 in the background of heterotypic neutralization. The recombinant and synthetic tools described here are valuable for testing hypotheses on genetic determinants of DENV-3 immunopathogenesis.
Differentiating impacts of hole trapping vs. interface states on TDDB reduction in thin oxide gated diode structures (1993)

Prestress induced reduction of time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) in MOSFETs is considered. In this study, different prestress conditions using a gated diode structure were designed. Each stress condition is set to generate hole trapping in the thin gate oxide and/or interface states to a different extent, thus allowing differentiation of their effects on TDDB. The experimental data suggest that TDDB reduction is strongly correlated with Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface damage created by hot carriers, while stress induced hole trapping alone does not appear to directly contribute to TDDB reduction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
STING Sensing of Murine Cytomegalovirus Alters the Tumor Microenvironment to Promote Antitumor Immunity (2020)

CMV has been proposed to play a role in cancer progression and invasiveness. However, CMV has been increasingly studied as a cancer vaccine vector, and multiple groups, including ours, have reported that the virus can drive antitumor immunity in certain models. Our previous work revealed that intratumoral injections of wild-type murine CMV (MCMV) into B16-F0 melanomas caused tumor growth delay in part by using a viral chemokine to recruit macrophages that were subsequently infected. We now show that MCMV acts as a STING agonist in the tumor. MCMV infection of tumors in STING-deficient mice resulted in normal recruitment of macrophages to the tumor, but poor recruitment of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, reduced production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and no delay in tumor growth. In vitro, expression of type I IFN was dependent on both STING and the type I IFNR. Moreover, type I IFN alone was sufficient to induce cytokine and chemokine production by macrophages and B16 tumor cells, suggesting that the major role for STING activation was to produce type I IFN. Critically, viral infection of wild-type macrophages alone was sufficient to restore tumor growth delay in STING-deficient animals. Overall, these data show that MCMV infection and sensing in tumor-associated macrophages through STING signaling is sufficient to promote antitumor immune responses in the B16-F0 melanoma model.
Routine HIV clinic visit adherence in the African Cohort Study (2022)

Inconsistent clinic attendance is associated with worsened HIV-related outcomes. Strategies to improve visit adherence are especially needed for young PLWH and those with depression.