gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of recognition of compounds of diverse structures by the multidrug efflux pump AcrB ofEscherichia coli (2010)

The AcrB trimeric multidrug efflux transporter of Escherichia coli pumps out a very wide spectrum of compounds. Although minocycline and doxorubicin have been cocrystallized within the large binding pocket in the periplasmic domain of the binding protomer, nothing is known about the binding of many other ligands to this protein. We used computer docking to evaluate the interaction of about 30 compounds with the binding protomer and found that many of them are predicted to bind to a narrow groove at one end of the pocket whereas some others prefer to bind to a wide cave at the other end. Competition assays using nitrocefin efflux and covalent labeling of Phe615Cys mutant AcrB with fluorescein-5-maleimide showed that presumed groove-binders competed against each other, but cave-binders did not compete against groove-binders, although the number of compounds tested was limited. These results give us at least a hypothesis to be tested by more biochemical and genetic experiments in the future.
X-WING: A high-speed wireless broadcasting framework for IEEE 802.11 networks (2013)

Rate adaptation is a MAC-layer mechanism in IEEE 802.11 networks that ensures efficient utilization of constantly varying wireless channel. For broadcast communication, however, the current practice is to send data at base rates (i.e., 1 or 2 Mbps in 802.11b/b+g and 6Mbps in 802.11a/g), leaving the channel capacity significantly underutilized. In this paper, we present a practical rate adaptation framework designed for broadcasting of streaming data to improve the channel utilization of 802.11 networks. The proposed framework jointly selects the data rate and the error protection level of FEC in a novel manner, and does not require changes to either existent applications or to the 802.11 standards - thus can be deployed in existing 802.11 networks. Using the performance measurement study in various live networking environments, we show that the proposed scheme provides substantial improvement in wireless channel utilization (more than 10x improvement compared to the current broadcast mode) and can adapt to different operational environments.
Optimal energy-balanced algorithm for selection in a single hop sensor network (2003)

Sensor networks are being used to implement a large set of applications that require distributed, collaborative computations. Selection is an important kernel in several sensor applications, particularly those involving speech and image data processing. In this paper we present an energy and time optimal algorithm for the selection problem in a single hop wireless network. The algorithm also has the property that it is energy-balanced. This implies that all sensors dissipate asymptotically equal amount of energy. Uniform energy dissipation is desirable as it enables the network to remain fully functional for the maximum time. We demonstrate that in a single hop, single channel network of n randomly distributed sensors, selection can be performed in O(n) time and O(n) energy, with no sensor being awake for more than O(1) time steps. We extend our results for a p-channel network, where p/spl les/n/sup 1-/spl epsi// and 0</spl epsi//spl les/1. We show that selection can be performed in time O(n/p) and energy O(n) with no sensor being awake for more than O(1) time steps.
Modification of electrically conductive adhesives for better mechanical and electrical properties (2008)

Abstract The goal of the work has been to check a possibility of improvement of electrical properties of electrically conductive adhesives with isotropic electrical conductivity to edge these properties toward to properties of solders. The electrical resistance and nonlinearity of I-V characteristic have been investigated. Two ways have been used for electrically conductive adhesive modification: addition of small amount of silver nanoparticles (grains) of three different dimensions into adhesive, and substitution of a part of filler flakes with the same amount of nanoparticles. It has been found that addition of silver nanoparticles increases the resistance and nonlinearity of adhesive. It has also been found that adhesives modified with nanoparticles have lower sensitivity to combined climatic ageing in comparison with adhesives without nanoparticles. The reason is other quality of contacts between flakes and contacts between nanoparticles.
Microwave spectrum, structure, and electric dipole moment of the Ar–formamide van der Waals complex (1988)

The microwave spectrum of the Ar–formamide van der Waals complex has been obtained using a pulsed-nozzle Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. The rotational constants of the complex are: A=10 725.7524(48) MHz, B=1771.0738(22) MHz, and C=1548.9974 (16) MHz. The complex is shown to be nonplanar with an inertial defect of −6.21 u Å2. The Ar atom is located at 3.62 Å from the center of mass of the formamide unit at Ar–O, Ar–N, and Ar–C distances of 3.55, 3.79, and 3.93 Å, respectively. The shortest Ar–H distance is 3.25 Å which is similar to that observed for Ar–vinyl cyanide (3.21 Å). Stark effect and hyperfine analyses yield the following values for the electric dipole moment components and 14N quadrupole coupling constants for the complex: μa=0.922(1) D, μb=3.407(5) D, χaa=−1.164(7) MHz, χbb=1.906(5) MHz, and χcc=−0.742(6) MHz.
Fibrotic Scar in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2020)

The process of uncontrolled internal scarring, called fibrosis, is now emerging as a pathological feature shared by both peripheral and central nervous system diseases. In the CNS, damaged neurons are not replaced by tissue regeneration, and scar-forming cells such as endothelial cells, inflammatory immune cells, stromal fibroblasts, and astrocytes can persist chronically in brain and spinal cord lesions. Although this process was extensively described in acute CNS damages, novel evidence indicates the involvement of a fibrotic reaction in chronic CNS injuries as those occurring during neurodegenerative diseases, where inflammation and fibrosis fuel degeneration. In this mini review, we discuss recent advances around the role of fibrotic scar formation and function in different neurodegenerative conditions, particularly focusing on the rising role of scarring in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease and highlighting the therapeutic relevance of targeting fibrotic scarring to slow and reverse neurodegeneration.
Spin-orbit coupling in an In0.52Ga0.48As quantum well with two populated subbands (2008)

Structural inversion asymmetry controls the magnitude of Rashba spin-orbit coupling in the electron energy spectrum of a narrow band gap semiconductor. We investigate this effect for a series of two-dimensional electron gases in In0.52Ga0.48As quantum wells, surrounded by In0.52Al0.48As barriers, where either one or two electric subbands are populated. Structural inversion asymmetry does not exist at low carrier density while at higher carrier densities (above (4–5)×1011cm−2), a finite spin splitting is observed. The spin orbit coupling coefficients (α) are determined from the power spectrum of the oscillatory magnetoresistance, although this is complicated by magnetointersubband scattering in the region where two subbands are occupied. In the lowest subband, α1≈(0.6–1.0)×10−11eVm over a range of (4–9)×1011cm−2 total carrier density. In the second subband, α2≈2.2×10−11eVm, and this reduces with increasing carrier density. The spin-orbit coupling effect disappears at high carrier density although a strong structural inversion asymmetry still exists. We discuss these results with the consequences for spintronic devices operating on the principle of charge density dependent or electric field dependent spin manipulation in narrow band gap semiconductors.
The Fcγ Receptor Genotype as a Risk Factor for Generalized Early‐Onset Periodontitis in Japanese Patients (2000)

This study indicates that the FcgammaRIIIb-NA2 allele and possibly FcgammaRIIIa-158F could be associated with susceptibility to G-EOP in Japanese patients.
One-page book embedding under vertex-neighborhood constraints (2002)

The authors address a generalization of the book embedding problem, called the black/white (b/w) book embedding problem, where a vertex-neighborhood constraint is imposed on the ordering of the vertices. A b/w graph is a pair (G,U), where G=(V,E) is a graph and U contained in V is a set of distinguished black vertices (the vertices in V-U are called white). A b/w book embedding of (G,U) is a book embedding of G, where the black vertices are arranged consecutively along the spine. Given a b/w graph (G,U) the b/w book embedding problem is that of finding a b/w book embedding of (G,U) such that number of pages is minimized. The main result is a characterization of the b/w graphs that admit a one-page b/w embedding. The characterization is given in terms of a set of forbidden b/w subgraphs, the absence of which is necessary and sufficient for one-page b/w embedding. For a b/w graph with none of these forbidden subgraphs, a one-page b/w embedding can be constructed in linear time. The construction utilizes a technique called b/w unfolding, which is a feature of independent interest.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Simple type-theoretic foundations for object-oriented programming (1994)

Abstract We develop a formal, type-theoretic account of the basic mechanisms of object-oriented programming: encapsulation, message passing, subtyping and inheritance. By modelling object encapsulation in terms of existential types instead of the recursive records used in other recent studies, we obtain a substantial simplification both in the model of objects and in the underlying typed λ-calculus.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Allylic Alcohols Mediated by Ruthenium- and Lipase-Based Catalysts (2000)

An enzyme-metal combo reaction has been developed for the dynamic kinetic resolution of allylic alcohols in which racemic substrates are transformed by a lipase and a ruthenium complex in the presence of an acyl donor to allylic acetates of high optical purity in over 80% yield.
Synthesis of zero-index metamaterial slabs using genetic algorithms (2007)

Zero-index metamaterials (ZIMs) have been receiving a lot of recent attention due to a variety of novel applications that could be realized by exploiting their unique electromagnetic properties. Volumetric ZIM realizations reported in the literature include an electromagnetic bandgap structure and a frequency selective surfaces approach. This paper presents a ZIM design methodology that achieves a desired intrinsic impedance characteristic in addition to the zero refractive index condition.
Biomedical accelerator mass spectrometry: recent applications in metabolism and pharmacokinetics (2008)

Early knowledge about a drug's clearance, volume of distribution, absolute bioavailability and metabolism can affect the development of a new drug candidate.
Thermal stress and instability of sandwich cylinders on rigid supports (1965)

Solutions are presented for the thermal stresses in uniformly heated sandwich cylindrical shells for conditions of both simple and fixed support. These cases refer to a single-bay cylinder and a cylinder with many bays, respectively, where the bulkheads or rings are rigid in their planes, but provide no restraint against rotation. Solutions for the temperature change to cause buckling are also presented. Numerical results in the form of design charts are given for practical ranges of the pertinent parameters for both thermal stresses and the critical temperatures for buckling.
5-Gbit/s BER performance on an all fiber-optic add/drop device based on a taper-resonator-taper structure (2000)

We present an all fiber-optic add/drop device based on a taper-resonator-taper structure with improved characteristics. Several gigahertz bandwidths are observed using microspheres having diameters ranging from 30 to 50 μm. Extinction ratios as high as 26 dB of the dropped channel are obtained due to nearly ideal coupling and phase matching between the fiber tapers and the small resonator. This is the first time that bit-error rate (BER) measurements have been performed on such couplers. For a device with an optical bandwidth of 3.8 GHz, the BER shows less than 2-dB penalty at 5 Gbit/s and no signs of an error floor.
Aligning articles in TV newscasts and newspapers (1998)

It is important to use pattern information (e.g. TV newscasts) and textual information (e.g. newspapers) together. For this purpose, we describe a method for aligning articles in TV newscasts and newspapers. In order to align articles, the alignment system uses words extracted from telops in TV newscasts. The recall and the precision of the alignment process are 97% and 89%, respectively. In addition, using the results of the alignment process, we develop a browsing and retrieval system for articles in TV newscasts and newspapers.
Cooperative spectrum sharing protocol based on transform domain processing with joint secondary selection and power allocation (2016)

In order to reduce interference to the primary system and further improve the spectrum efficiency, the Fractional Fourier Transform is introduced as a tool to solve the spectrum sharing problem and a new spectrum sharing protocol is proposed in this paper where sinusoidal signals and chirp signals are utilized for primary users and cognitive users, respectively. In our spectrum sharing protocol, secondary users take the initiative to access the spectrum or act as a DF relay to assist the primary system adaptively according to the channel conditions of the direct transmission link. Moreover, the joint optimization of power allocation and user selection of distributed secondary users is studied to achieve the maximum achievable data rate for the secondary system while guaranteeing the target data rate of primary user. Simulation results show that compared with previous protocols, the outage probability of both primary and secondary systems can be improved, and with an increase in the number of secondary users, a higher achievable data rate can be obtained for the secondary system.
Degrading Data to Save the Planet (2023)

Storage capacity demand is projected to grow exponentially in the coming decade and so will its contribution to the overall carbon footprint of computing devices. In recent years, cloud providers and device vendors have substantially reduced their carbon impact through improved power consumption and product distribution. However, by 2030, the manufacturing of flash-based storage devices will account for 1.7% of carbon emissions in the world. Therefore, reducing production-related carbon emissions of storage is key to sustainability in computing devices.
Dissipation in quasistatically sheared wet and dry sand under confinement (2012)

We investigated the stress-strain behavior of sand with and without small amounts of liquid under steady and oscillatory shear. Since dry sand has a lower shear modulus, one would expect it to deform more easily. Using a new technique to quasistatically push the sand through a tube with an enforced parabolic (Poiseuille-like) profile, we minimize the effect of avalanches and shear localization. We observe that the resistance against deformation of the wet (partially saturated) sand is much smaller than that of the dry sand, and that the latter dissipates more energy under flow. This is also observed in large-amplitude oscillatory shear measurements using a rotational rheometer, showing that the effect is robust and holds for different types of flow.
Interfacial Chemistry and the Design of Solid-Phase Nucleic Acid Hybridization Assays Using Immobilized Quantum Dots as Donors in Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (2011)

The use of quantum dots (QDs) as donors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) offer several advantages for the development of multiplexed solid-phase QD-FRET nucleic acid hybridization assays. Designs for multiplexing have been demonstrated, but important challenges remain in the optimization of these systems. In this work, we identify several strategies based on the design of interfacial chemistry for improving sensitivity, obtaining lower limits of detection (LOD) and enabling the regeneration and reuse of solid-phase QD-FRET hybridization assays. FRET-sensitized emission from acceptor dyes associated with hybridization events at immobilized QD donors provides the analytical signal in these assays. The minimization of active sensing area reduces background from QD donor PL and allows the resolution of smaller amounts of acceptor emission, thus lowering the LOD. The association of multiple acceptor dyes with each hybridization event can enhance FRET efficiency, thereby improving sensitivity. Many previous studies have used interfacial protein layers to generate selectivity; however, transient destabilization of these layers is shown to prevent efficient regeneration. To this end, we report a protein-free interfacial chemistry and demonstrate the specific detection of as little as 2 pmol of target, as well as an improved capacity for regeneration.
Comparing Quantitative Measures of Erythema, Pigmentation and Skin Response using Reflectometry (2002)

We measured a number of pigmentation and skin response phenotypes in a sample of volunteers (n=397) living in State College, PA. The majority of this sample was composed of four groups based on stated ancestry: African-American, European-American, Hispanic and East Asian. Several measures of melanin concentration (L*, melanin index and adjusted melanin index) were estimated by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and compared. The efficacy of these measures for assessing constitutive pigmentation and melanogenic dose-response was evaluated. Similarly, several measures of erythema (a*, erythema index and adjusted erythema index) were compared and evaluated in their efficacy in measuring erythema and erythemal dose-response. We show a high correspondence among all of the measures for the assessment of constitutive pigmentation and baseline erythema. However, our results demonstrate that evaluating melanogenic dose-response is highly dependent on the summary statistic used: while L* is a valid measure of constitutive pigmentation it is not an effective measure of melanogenic dose-response. Our results also confirm the use of a*, as it is shown to be highly correlated with the adjusted erythema index, a more advanced measure of erythema based on the apparent absorbance. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy can be used to quantify the constitutive pigmentation, melanogenic dose-response at 7 d and erythemal dose-response at both 24 h and 7 d postexposure.
Correction: Kidney dysfunction and cerebral microbleeds in neurologically healthy adults (2017)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172210.].
PPARγ Negatively Regulates T Cell Activation to Prevent Follicular Helper T Cells and Germinal Center Formation (2014)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that regulates lipid and glucose metabolism. Although studies of PPARγ ligands have demonstrated its regulatory functions in inflammation and adaptive immunity, its intrinsic role in T cells and autoimmunity has yet to be fully elucidated. Here we used CD4-PPARγKO mice to investigate PPARγ-deficient T cells, which were hyper-reactive to produce higher levels of cytokines and exhibited greater proliferation than wild type T cells with increased ERK and AKT phosphorylation. Diminished expression of IκBα, Sirt1, and Foxo1, which are inhibitors of NF-κB, was observed in PPARγ-deficient T cells that were prone to produce all the signature cytokines under Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th9 skewing condition. Interestingly, 1-year-old CD4-PPARγKO mice spontaneously developed moderate autoimmune phenotype by increased activated T cells, follicular helper T cells (TFH cells) and germinal center B cells with glomerular inflammation and enhanced autoantibody production. Sheep red blood cell immunization more induced TFH cells and germinal centers in CD4-PPARγKO mice and the T cells showed increased of Bcl-6 and IL-21 expression suggesting its regulatory role in germinal center reaction. Collectively, these results suggest that PPARγ has a regulatory role for TFH cells and germinal center reaction to prevent autoimmunity.
La péninsule Arabique dans la « stratégie Sud » de l'Iran : l'enjeu yéménite (2011)

du site ou, le cas chant, des conditions gnrales de la licence souscrite par votre tablissement.
Enhanced UV emission of TiO2–ZnO nanocomposite films synthesized by simplified sol–gel dip-coating method (2018)

International audience
Emission Properties of InGaAlP Visible Light-Emitting Diodes Employing a Multiquantum-Well Active Layer (1994)

Visible InGaAlP light-emitting diodes (LEDs) employing a multiquantum-well (MQW) active layer have been investigated. Photo luminescence measurements showed that growth on a GaAs substrate, with an intentional surface misorientation from the (100) plane towards the [011] direction, resulted in a marked improvement in the quality of the MQW compared with growth on a just (100) substrate. The emission properties of the LED strongly depended on the various parameters of the MQW structure, in particular the number of wells. The external quantum efficiency of a 600 nm LED with a 20-well MQW active layer was found to be 1.6%. The emission wavelength could be further reduced by 10 nm without any significant decrease in the external quantum efficiency.
Technology for Removal of Sulphur Compounds from Gases Generated During Aluminum Production (2016)

RUSAL has been upgrading its aluminium smelters by replacing the scrubbing of the cell off-gases with the “state of the art” alumina dry scrubbers followed by preexisting wet scrubber technology to satisfy today's environmental regulations for fluoride and sulfur emissions. Today, sixty percent of RUSAL's smelters are converted to an alumina dry scrubber followed by a wet scrubber and the others are still using a wet-process that captures the fluorides and sulphur emissions with a liquor of soda.
The architecture of virtual machines (2005)

A virtual machine can support individual processes or a complete system depending on the abstraction level where virtualization occurs. Some VMs support flexible hardware usage and software isolation, while others translate from one instruction set to another. Virtualizing a system or component -such as a processor, memory, or an I/O device - at a given abstraction level maps its interface and visible resources onto the interface and resources of an underlying, possibly different, real system. Consequently, the real system appears as a different virtual system or even as multiple virtual systems. Interjecting virtualizing software between abstraction layers near the HW/SW interface forms a virtual machine that allows otherwise incompatible subsystems to work together. Further, replication by virtualization enables more flexible and efficient and efficient use of hardware resources.