gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
5[prime] Proximal Regions of Arabidopsis Nitrate Reductase Genes Direct Nitrate-Induced Transcription in Transgenic Tobacco (1994)

Nitrate reductase (NR) is the first enzyme in nitrate assimilation, a critical process for plant survival. The regulation of NR gene expression is complex, involving both internal and external factors. Of these, nitrate induction of NR gene expression has been studied most extensively and is well conserved among bacteria, fungi, and higher plants. We are interested in understanding the mechanism of nitrate induction of higher plant NR genes. Here we describe promoter analyses of the 5' flanking regions of the Arabidopsis NR genes, NR1 and NR2, with respect to nitrate induction of gene expression. To facilitate these analyses, a nitrate induction procedure using T1 transgenic tobacco plants was established. Approximately 1.5-kb 5' flanking regions of the two Arabidopsis NR genes (NR1 and NR2) were fused to a reporter gene and its expression in transgenic plants was analyzed. Deletion analyses of these regions show that 238- and 188-bp 5' flanking regions of the NR1 and NR2, respectively, contain sequences responsive to nitrate induction.
A Rational Utilization of High-Throughput Screening Affords Selective, Orally Bioavailable 1-Benzyl-3-carboxyazetidine Sphingosine-1-phosphate-1 Receptor Agonists (2004)

Moderately potent, selective S1P(1) receptor agonists identified from high-throughput screening have been adapted into lipophilic tails for a class of orally bioavailable amino acid-based S1P(1) agonists represented by 7. Many of the new compounds are potent S1P(1) agonists that select against the S1P(2), S1P(3), and S1P(4) (although not S1P(5)) receptor subtypes. Analogues 18 and 24 are highly orally bioavailable and possess excellent pharmacokinetic profiles in the rat, dog, and rhesus monkey.
4-(p-Bromophenyl)-4-(dimethylamino)-1-phenethylcyclohexanol, an extremely potent representative of a new analgesic series (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4-(p-Bromophenyl)-4-(dimethylamino)-1-phenethylcyclohexanol, an extremely potent representative of a new analgesic seriesDaniel Lednicer and Philip F. VonVoigtlanderCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1979, 22, 10, 1157–1158Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00196a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00196a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views425Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sustained attention and executive functions in euthymic young people with bipolar disorder (2006)

Deficits in attention and executive functioning were present in young people who had experienced only a few episodes of bipolar disorder, suggesting that the deficits are possibly trait abnormalities. Whether these deficits worsen with progression of illness needs to be examined in longitudinal studies.
Survey on Edge Computing Security (2020)

With the advent of the Internet of Everything, emerging application scenarios including autonomous driving, immersive games based on VR or AR technology, and Industrial Internet of Things have promoted the early development of edge computing technologies. At present, the global mobile communications industry is moving towards 5G. Since 5G is one of the key access technologies to promote large-scale deployment of edge computing, it has made edge computing gain unprecedented attention in the world. However, since the birth of edge computing, edge computing security has been a key issue restricting its implementation and development. The new features of edge computing, the integration of a large number of new technologies, the new application scenarios brought by edge computing, and people's increasing demands for privacy protection have brought great challenges to edge computing security. This paper reviews the current research status of research on edge computing security. By analyzing the security challenges of edge computing in the context of new models, new application scenarios and new technology environments, this paper points out the security problems of edge computing in five aspects, including access control, key management, privacy protection, attack mitigation and anomaly detection. The paper separately discusses the research achievement of the academic community in these five areas and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, combining edge cloud collaboration and edge intelligence, the future development direction of edge computing security is discussed and prospected.
Ca2+ currents in compensated hypertrophy and heart failure (1998)

Transmembrane voltage-gated Ca2+ channels play a central role in the development and control of heart contractility which is modulated by the concentration of free cytosolic calcium ions (Ca2+). Ca2+ channels are closed at the normal membrane resting potential of cardiac cells. During the fast upstroke of the action potential (AP), they are gated into an open state by membrane depolarisation and thereby transduce the electrical signal into a chemical signal. In addition to its contribution to the AP plateau, Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels induces a release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) which initiates contraction. Because of their central role in excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling, L-type Ca2+ channels are a key target to regulate inotropy [1]. The role of T-type Ca2+ channels is more obscure. In addition to a putative part in the rhythmic activity of the heart, they may be implicated at early stages of development and during pathology of contractile tissues [2]. Despite therapeutic advances improving exercise tolerance and survival, congestive heart failure (HF) remains a major problem in cardiovascular medicine. It is a highly lethal disease; half of the mortality being related to ventricular failure whereas sudden death of the other patients is unexpected [3]. Although HF has diverse aetiologies, common abnormalities include hypertrophy, contractile dysfunction and alteration of electrophysiological properties contributing to low cardiac output and sudden death. A significant prolongation of the AP duration with delayed repolarisation has been observed both during compensated hypertrophy (CH) and in end-stage HF caused by dilated cardiomyopathy (Fig. 1A) [4-8]. This lengthening can result from either an increase in inward currents or a decrease in outward currents or both. A reduction of K+ currents has been demonstrated [6,9]. Prolonged Na+/Ca2+ exchange current may also be involved [9]. In contrast, there is a large variability in the results concerning Ca2+ currents (ICa). The purpose of this paper is to review results obtained in various animal models of CH and HF with special emphasis on recent studies in human cells. We focus on: (i) the pathophysiological role of T-type Ca2+ channels, present in some animal models of hypertrophy; (ii) the density and properties of L-type Ca2+ channels and alteration of major physiological regulations of these channels by heart rate and beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation; and (iii) recent advances in the molecular biology of the L-type Ca2+ channel and future directions.
Native T1 mapping for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (2022)

Non-contrast CMR imaging with native T1 mapping provides high diagnostic accuracy to diagnose cardiac amyloidosis in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.
Comparative understanding of UTS2 and UTS2R genes for their involvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus (2008)

Several reports have shown that urotensin 2 (UTS2) and its receptor (UTS2R) are involved in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, which lead to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in humans. In the present study, we annotated both bovine UTS2 and UTS2R genes and identified 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the former gene and 14 mutations for the latter gene. Four mutations were genotyped on a Wagyu x Limousin reference population, including 6 F(1 )bulls, 113 F(1 )dams and ~250 F(2 )progeny. Among 12 phenotypes related to fat deposition and fatty acid composition, we observed that the UTS2 gene was significantly associated with the amount of skeletal saturated fatty acids, while its receptor (UTS2R) gene had significant effects on amounts of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, Delta(9) desaturase activity for converting 16:0 into 16:1, muscle fat (marbling) score and Longissimus Dorsi muscle area. However, in this population, these markers were not associated with subcutaneous fat depth or percent kidney, pelvic and heart fat. We also found that mutations in the promoter regions altered the promoter activities in both genes and coding SNPs might affect the mRNA stability in the UTS2R gene. Overall, our present study provides the first evidence that both UTS2 and UTS2R genes regulate skeletal muscle fat accumulation and fatty acid metabolism, thus indicating their potential pathological functions related to obesity and T2DM in humans.
The cause of nontumorous defects of portal perfusion in the hepatic hilum revealed by CT during arterial portography. (1999)

The main cause of nontumorous defects of portal perfusion in the hepatic hilum revealed by CTAP is decreased portal inflow due to nonportal supply via the parabiliary venous system. Thus, such lesions were also enhanced at a high frequency on CT during hepatic arteriography.
Triggering of motile behavior in T lymphocytes via cross-linking of α 4 β 1 and α L β 2 (1997)

The mechanisms by which T lymphocytes are transformed from passively transported cells during circulation in the vascular system to actively migrating cells during extravasation are unknown. Therefore, the possibility that lymphocyte receptors are capable of inducing motility was investigated using a modified Boyden chamber assay. Cross-linking of alphaL beta2 and alpha4 beta1 on human T lymphocytes (T cell line and peripheral blood T cells) with immobilized mAbs induced motile behavior on fibronectin, laminin, collagen type IV, and poly-L-lysine. This induction of T cell migration was very potent and in most cases more efficient than pretreatment of the cells with phorbol esters. In contrast, control Abs to several other integrin- and non-integrin molecules present on T lymphocytes did not induce T cell migration. Anti-CD3 Abs themselves did not trigger motile behavior. However, anti-CD3 promoted T cell migration in the Boyden chamber system if present simultaneously with 40-kDa alpha4 beta1 binding fibronectin fragments or alphaL beta2 binding intercellular adhesion molecule-1/hIgG1Fc fusion proteins on the upper side of the filter. Abs to other surface components on T cells did not trigger motility when presented together with the 40-kDa fibronectin fragments or the intercellular adhesion molecule-1/hIgG1Fc fusion proteins. The induction of motile behavior could be blocked if the T cells were pretreated with Genistein and Calphostin C, indicating the involvement of a protein tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C-dependent signaling pathway in triggering of T cell motility via integrins. These results indicate that alphaL beta2 and alpha4 beta1 on T lymphocytes can selectively trigger motile behavior when cross-linked by their endothelial or extracellular matrix ligands. Furthermore, these data indicate that cross-linking of CD3 facilitates ligand binding and subsequent triggering of a motile phenotype by alphaL beta2 and alpha4 beta1.
The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission (2021)

NASA's Mars 2020 (M2020) rover mission includes a suite of sensors to monitor current environmental conditions near the surface of Mars and to constrain bulk aerosol properties from changes in atmospheric radiation at the surface. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) consists of a set of meteorological sensors including wind sensor, a barometer, a relative humidity sensor, a set of 5 thermocouples to measure atmospheric temperature at ∼1.5 m and ∼0.5 m above the surface, a set of thermopiles to characterize the thermal IR brightness temperatures of the surface and the lower atmosphere. MEDA adds a radiation and dust sensor to monitor the optical atmospheric properties that can be used to infer bulk aerosol physical properties such as particle size distribution, non-sphericity, and concentration. The MEDA package and its scientific purpose are described in this document as well as how it responded to the calibration tests and how it helps prepare for the human exploration of Mars. A comparison is also presented to previous environmental monitoring payloads landed on Mars on the Viking, Pathfinder, Phoenix, MSL, and InSight spacecraft.
Error Detection Using Dynamic Dataflow Verification (2007)

A significant fraction of the circuitry in a modern processor is dedicated to converting the linear instruction stream into a representation that allows the execution of instructions in data dependence order, rather than program order, to extract instruction level parallelism. All errors caused by hardware faults in this circuitry - which includes the fetch and decode stages, renaming and scheduling logic, as well as the commit stage - will manifest themselves as incorrectly constructed dataflow graphs. Dynamic dataflow verification (DDFV) compares the dynamically constructed and executed dataflow graph to the expected dataflow graph of the static program binary, represented by a signature embedded in the instruction stream. The signature comparison enables comprehensive detection of transient errors, permanent errors, and design bugs in the dataflow circuitry. We show that DDFV detects errors with high probability, at a low hardware and performance cost.
Domain 1 of Mucosal Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule Has an I1-set Fold and a Flexible Integrin-binding Loop (2013)

Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM) binds integrin α4β7. Their interaction directs lymphocyte homing to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. The interaction between the two immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) domains of MAdCAM and integrin α4β7 is unusual in its ability to mediate either rolling adhesion or firm adhesion of lymphocytes on vascular surfaces. We determined four crystal structures of the IgSF domains of MAdCAM to test for unusual structural features that might correlate with this functional diversity. Higher resolution 1.7- and 1.4-Å structures of the IgSF domains of MAdCAM in a previously described crystal lattice revealed two alternative conformations of the integrin-binding loop, which were deformed by large lattice contacts. New crystal forms in the presence of two different Fabs to MAdCAM demonstrate a shift in IgSF domain topology from the I2- to I1-set, with a switch of integrin-binding loop from CC' to CD. The I1-set fold and CD loop appear biologically relevant. The different conformations seen in crystal structures suggest that the integrin-binding loop of MAdCAM is inherently flexible. This contrasts with rigidity of the corresponding loops in vascular cell adhesion molecule, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-3, and ICAM-5 and may reflect a specialization of MAdCAM to mediate both rolling and firm adhesion by binding to different α4β7 integrin conformations.
Review: Novel treatment strategies targeting alpha‐synuclein in multiple system atrophy as a model of synucleinopathy (2016)

Neurodegenerative disorders with alpha-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation (synucleinopathies) include Parkinson's disease (PD), PD dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Due to the involvement of toxic α-syn aggregates in the molecular origin of these disorders, developing effective therapies targeting α-syn is a priority as a disease-modifying alternative to current symptomatic treatments. Importantly, the clinical and pathological attributes of MSA make this disorder an excellent candidate as a synucleinopathy model for accelerated drug development. Recent therapeutic strategies targeting α-syn in in vivo and in vitro models of MSA, as well as in clinical trials, have been focused on the pathological mechanisms of α-syn synthesis, aggregation, clearance, and/or cell-to-cell propagation of its neurotoxic conformers. Here we summarize the most relevant approaches in this direction, with emphasis on their potential as general synucleinopathy modifiers, and enumerate research areas for potential improvement in MSA drug discovery.
Preliminary study of continuous glucose monitoring with a microdialysis technique and a null method — a numerical analysis (2000)

Monitoring of the subcutaneous tissue glucose concentration is an attractive method for continuous monitoring of the glucose concentration in diabetic patients. Several researchers have studied this, but no satisfactory method has been developed. We have proposed a new method, which can measure the glucose concentration of subcutaneous tissue continuously, even as the efficiency of membrane perfusion and sensor performance decline. Two reference solutions were prepared with concentrations higher and lower than the objective solution. They were perfused alternately for different ratios of perfusion times. The glucose concentration, after perfusing microdialysis, was detected and the trend of changes in the concentration was used to control the ratio of the two perfusion solutions. When the trend was a unity, the glucose concentration was calculated from the ratio of the two perfusion solutions. The numerical study was performed with a compartment model and a basic control theory. In simulation, the 90% response time to step change was approximately 7 min, which is fast enough when compared with the fluctuation of glucose in the electrolyte. This result suggested that this new system might be useful for continuous monitoring of the glucose concentration in subcutaneous tissue.
Quantum Rectennas for Photovoltaics (2014)

This chapter reviews the current status of reach into quantum rectennas for photovoltaics. These are optical antennas coupled to rectifiers that could couple optical solar radiation to a load via a rectifier. In principle, there should be no reason why the electromagnetic wave technologies which are so successfully used for radio communications cannot be scaled to optical frequencies, although quantum models may be necessary for at least some aspects. However, there are significant theoretical and practical issues, especially concerning the sub-mm size scales involved but also associated with lack of polarization of sunlight, its partial coherence and impedance matching requirements. The fundamental efficiency limit for the rectenna solar cell is still under investigation. Two different approaches are discussed here, corresponding to the respective scenarios of incoherent and coherent sources. The first approach is to treat it as a heat engine. The rectification efficiency increases towards the Carnot efficiency for a larger temperature contrast, reaching 49% for 6000 K. Alternatively, in quantum rectification in optical rectennas, the operating voltage plays the role that bandgap plays in semiconductor solar cells and the limit the efficiency for rectifying broadband solar radiation is estimated as 44%.
Stemming Versus Light Stemming as Feature Selection Techniques for Arabic Text Categorization (2007)

This paper compares and contrasts two feature selection techniques when applied to Arabic corpus; in particular; stemming, and light stemming were employed. With stemming, words are reduced to their stems. With light stemming, words are reduced to their light stems. Stemming is aggressive in the sense that it reduces words to their 3-letters roots. This affects the semantics as several words with different meanings might have the same root. Light stemming, by comparison, removes frequently used prefixes and suffixes in Arabic words. Light stemming doesn't produce the root and therefore doesn't affect the semantics of words; it maps several words, which have the same meaning to a common syntactical form. The effectiveness of above two feature selection techniques was assessed in a text categorization exercise for Arabic corpus. This corpus consists of 15000 documents that fall into three categories. The K-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifier was used in this work. Several experiments were carried out using two different representations of the same corpus; the first version uses stem- vectors; and the second uses light stem-vectors as representatives of documents. These two representations were assessed in terms of size, time and accuracy. The light stem representation was superior in terms of classifier accuracy when compared with stemming.
Developmentally inspired programming of adult human mesenchymal stromal cells toward stable chondrogenesis (2018)

It is generally accepted that adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are default committed toward osteogenesis. Even when induced to chondrogenesis, hMSCs typically form hypertrophic cartilage that undergoes endochondral ossification. Because embryonic mesenchyme is obviously competent to generate phenotypically stable cartilage, it is questioned whether there is a correspondence between mesenchymal progenitor compartments during development and in adulthood. Here we tested whether forcing specific early events of articular cartilage development can program hMSC fate toward stable chondrogenesis. Inspired by recent findings that spatial restriction of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling guides embryonic progenitors toward articular cartilage formation, we hypothesized that selective inhibition of BMP drives the phenotypic stability of hMSC-derived chondrocytes. Two BMP type I receptor-biased kinase inhibitors were screened in a microfluidic platform for their time- and dose-dependent effect on hMSC chondrogenesis. The different receptor selectivity profile of tested compounds allowed demonstration that transient blockade of both ALK2 and ALK3 receptors, while permissive to hMSC cartilage formation, is necessary and sufficient to maintain a stable chondrocyte phenotype. Remarkably, even upon compound removal, hMSCs were no longer competent to undergo hypertrophy in vitro and endochondral ossification in vivo, indicating the onset of a constitutive change. Our findings demonstrate that adult hMSCs effectively share properties of embryonic mesenchyme in the formation of transient but also of stable cartilage. This opens potential pharmacological strategies to articular cartilage regeneration and more broadly indicates the relevance of developmentally inspired protocols to control the fate of adult progenitor cell systems.