gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aurophilic interactions as a subject of current research: an up-date (2011)

Recently accumulated experimental evidence for aurophilic interactions in and between molecular gold(I) compounds and the results of pertinent theoretical calculations are reviewed for the period from 2007 to mid-2011. The influence of the intra- and intermolecular bonding contacts between the closed-shell metal centres, Au-Au, on the molecular and crystal structures, and the consequences of these effects for the chemical and physical properties of gold compounds are summarized for the various classes of mono- and polynuclear systems. The literature survey builds on the contents of previous reviews and relates new experimental and theoretical findings to earlier observations (353 references).
Multicomponent analysis in clinical chemistry by use of rapid scanning fluorescence spectroscopy. (1976)

To be useful in the clinical laboratory, multicomponent fluorescence analysis requires both the rapid measurement of the fluorescence intensity at a variety of excitation and emission wavelengths and the unambiguous reduction of the data by efficient algorithms. The Video Fluorometer, which exploits the multi-channel capability of a low-light-level television sensor to simultaneously acquire excitation and emission spectra, can meet the first requirement. For example, a complete set of emission and excitation spectra for perylene can be obtained in less than 2 s at concentrations of 10(-10) mol/liter. To meet the second need, we present two types of data-reduction strategies: (a)a least-squares fit to the data, with use of the spectra of previously determined compounds likely to be present; and (b)a determination of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors fo the fluorescence matrix, from which the number of components and the possible spectra of each can be estimated. Computer simulations of the least-squares fitting algorithms show that five strongly overlapping components can be determined in the presence of noise with an accuracy of better than 5%. Also, a fluorescent sample containing two species with very similar but unknown spectral properties can be resolved to obtain the spectrum of each.
Overview of resistance training, diet, hormone replacement and nutritional supplements on age-related sarcopenia--a minireview. (2003)

American society favors life style habits that lead to a plethora of physical disabilities, i.e., poor nutrition and a lack of exercise contribute to chronic disabilities and disease. Even though our life expectancies have increased, chronic disorders such as sarcopenia, diabetes, stroke and cardiovascular disease have become more prevalent. Nevertheless, Americans are slowly becoming more educated in health practices. A variety of therapies and nutritional supplements are being investigated to prevent and/or counteract chronic health disorders and aging. Muscle wasting referred to as "sarcopenia" commonly occurs in the elderly. This is very unfortunate, because the aging human body has the intrinsic ability to maintain itself in a healthy state, e.g., maintain muscle. Proper physical activity and a healthful diet in the elderly are the best ways to counteract the sarcopenia and other aspects of the aging phenomenon. In addition, potential replacement therapy and supplements are fervently being researched in hope of finding the next "Fountain of Youth." With important discoveries made everyday, progress is being made towards a future where both the young and old will have an improved quality of life based on improved knowledge of fitness, nutrition, replacement and supplemental therapy.
ID-HALL, a new double stage Hall thruster design. I. Principle and hybrid model of ID-HALL (2018)

In Hall thrusters, ions are extracted from a quasineutral plasma by the electric field induced by the local drop of electron conductivity associated with the presence of a magnetic barrier. Since the electric field is used both to extract and accelerate ions and to generate the plasma, thrust and specific impulse are not independent in a Hall thruster. There is a need for versatile thrusters that can be used for a variety of maneuvers, i.e., that can operate either at high thrust or at high specific impulse for a given power. The double stage Hall thruster (DSHT) design could allow a separate control of ionization and acceleration, and hence separate control of thrust and specific impulse. In the DSHT configuration, a supplementary plasma source (ionization stage), independent of the applied voltage, is added and placed upstream of the magnetic barrier (acceleration stage). The DSHT concept is also well adapted to the use of alternative propellants, lighter and with a less efficient ionization than xenon. Several designs of double stage Hall thrusters have been proposed in the past, but these attempts were not really successful. In this paper, we present a brief review of the main DSHT designs described in the literature, we discuss the relevance of the DSHT concept, and, on the basis of simple physics arguments and simulation results, we propose a new design, called ID-HALL (Inductive Double stage HALL thruster). In this design, the ionization stage is a magnetized inductively coupled RF plasma. The inductive coil is inside the central cylinder of the thruster and located nearby the acceleration stage. Preliminary modeling results of this DSHT are described.
Small-scale intermittency of premixed turbulent flames (2022)

Premixed turbulent flames, encountered in power generation and propulsion engines, are an archetype of a randomly advected, self-propagating surface. While such a flame is known to exhibit large-scale intermittent flapping, the possible intermittency of its small-scale fluctuations has been largely disregarded. Here, we experimentally reveal the inner intermittency of a premixed turbulent V-flame, while clearly distinguishing this small-scale feature from large-scale outer intermittency. From temporal measurements of the fluctuations of the flame, we find a frequency spectrum that has a power-law subrange with an exponent close to $-2$, which is shown to follow from Kolmogorov phenomenology. Crucially, however, the moments of the temporal increment of the flame position are found to scale anomalously, with exponents that saturate at higher-orders. This signature of small-scale inner intermittency is shown to originate from high-curvature, cusp-like structures on the flame surface, which have significance for modeling the heat release rate and other key properties of premixed turbulent flames.
A third-order Δ-Σ modulator using second-order noise-shaping dynamic element matching (1998)

A multibit /spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/ modulator is an attractive way of realizing a high-accuracy, high-speed, and low-power data converter. However, the overall resolution of the modulator is determined by the internal digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) linearity. Methods for high-order noise shaping, noise-shaping dynamic element matching (NSDEM), have been proposed in order to overcome this drawback. However, a real implementation has not been realized until now. This paper presents the actual circuit configuration of a tree-structured NSDEM (TNSDEM) technique, which is applied to a multibit /spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/ DAC and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using a nine-level internal DAC. This is the first report of a /spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/ ADC and DAC using the second-order NSDEM method. The test chip of the third-order /spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/ ADC realizes a signal bandwidth of 100 kHz and a dynamic range of 79 dB in the ADC and 80 dB in the DAC. The test chip only consumes 9.6 mW in the ADC and 5.2 mW in the DAC with a 2.7 V power supply.
Air-cooled heat exchangers and cooling towers (2005)

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Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease: Synopsis of the 2020 KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline (2020)

Description: The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) organization developed a clinical practice guideline in 2020 for the management of patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: The KDIGO Work Group (WG) was tasked with developing the guideline for diabetes management in CKD. It defined the scope of the guideline, gathered evidence, determined systematic review topics, and graded evidence that had been summarized by an evidence review team. The English-language literature searches, which were initially done through October 2018, were updated in February 2020. The WG used the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to appraise evidence and rate the strength of the recommendations. Expert judgment was used to develop consensus practice points supplementary to the evidence-based graded recommendations. The guideline document underwent open public review. Comments from various stakeholders, subject matter experts, and industry and national organizations were considered before the document was finalized. Recommendations: The guideline includes 12 recommendations and 48 practice points for clinicians caring for patients with diabetes and CKD. This synopsis focuses on the key recommendations pertinent to the following issues: comprehensive care needs, glycemic monitoring and targets, lifestyle interventions, antihyperglycemic therapies, and educational and integrated care approaches.
The deadly touch: protein denaturation at the water-air interface and how to prevent it (2018)

ABSTRACT Electron cryo-microscopy analyzes the structure of proteins and protein complexes in vitrified solution. Proteins tend to adsorb to the air-water interface in unsupported films of aqueous solution, which can result in partial or complete denaturation of the protein. We investigated the structure of yeast fatty acid synthase at the air-water interface by electron cryo-tomography and single-particle image processing. Around 90% of complexes adsorbed to the air-water interface are partly denatured. We show that the unfolded regions are those facing the air-water interface. Denaturation by contact with air may happen at any stage of specimen preparation. Denaturation at the air-water interface is completely avoided when the complex is plunge-frozen on a substrate of hydrophilized graphene.
An Analog CMOS Voltage-Controlled Phase-Shifter With A 100° Tuning Range For Telecommunication Baseband Signal Processing (2019)

International audience
Expression of seven members of the gene family encoding secretory aspartyl proteinases in Candida albicans (1994)

The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans produces secretory aspartyl proteinases, which are believed to be virulence factors in infection. We have studied the in vitro expression of seven known members of the SAP gene family in a range of strains and serotypes by Northern analysis. SAP1 and SAP3 were regulated during phenotypic switching between the white and opaque forms of the organism. The SAP2 mRNA, which was the dominant transcript in the yeast form, was found to be autoinduced by peptide products of Sap2 activity and to be repressed by amino acids. The expression of the closely related SAP4-SAP6 genes was observed only at neutral pH during serum-induced yeast to hyphal transition. No SAP7 mRNA was detected under any of the conditions or in any of the strains tested. Our data suggest that the various members of the SAP gene family may have distinct roles in the colonization and invasion of the host.
Analysis of the nonpolar extractables ofAsclepias speciosa (1983)

Abstract Asclepias speciosa is currently being evaluated as a potential hydrocarbon‐producing crop. Chemical analyses of the nonpolar extractables of the above ground parts of this plant showed that pentacyclic triterpenoids and sterols account for over 90% of the refined hexane extract. In addition, low molecular weight natural rubber (cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene), of potential use as an elastomer, was obtained from the crude hexane extract.
Public-key cryptosystem and digital-signature schemes based on linear algebra over a local ring (1987)

The paper presents a new public-key cryptosystem and new digital-signature schemes. It uses a special matrix over a local ring, the power of which can be easily calculated. It then describes a nonsingular conjugate transformation matrix to get a new matrix as public key. The paper also presents three digital-signature schemes. Their security comes from the problems caused by zero divisors of the local ring and the difficulty of solving congruence equations of high degree. It increases the speed of the public-key cryptosystems and digital signatures and makes them directly applicable to small computers.
Prediction of Antimicrobial Activity of Synthetic Peptides by a Decision Tree Model (2013)

Antimicrobial resistance is a persistent problem in the public health sphere. However, recent attempts to find effective substitutes to combat infections have been directed at identifying natural antimicrobial peptides in order to circumvent resistance to commercial antibiotics. This study describes the development of synthetic peptides with antimicrobial activity, created in silico by site-directed mutation modeling using wild-type peptides as scaffolds for these mutations. Fragments of antimicrobial peptides were used for modeling with molecular modeling computational tools. To analyze these peptides, a decision tree model, which indicated the action range of peptides on the types of microorganisms on which they can exercise biological activity, was created. The decision tree model was processed using physicochemistry properties from known antimicrobial peptides available at the Antimicrobial Peptide Database (APD). The two most promising peptides were synthesized, and antimicrobial assays showed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Colossomin C and colossomin D were the most inhibitory peptides at 5 μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The methods described in this work and the results obtained are useful for the identification and development of new compounds with antimicrobial activity through the use of computational tools.
A CrTmHo:YAG laser pumped ZnGeP 2 optical parametric oscillator for mid-infrared spectroscopy (2008)

We report a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (SRO) based on a ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> crystal directly-pumped by a lamp-pumped Q-switched CrTmHo:YAG laser. The IR wavelength was tuneable from 4.7 &mu;m to 7.8 &mu;m via crystal angle tuning. A maximum optical to optical efficiency of 56% was obtained from pump (2.09 &mu;m) to total IR at a pump energy of 6.5 mJ. The corresponding idler energy was 1.45 mJ. The SRO was measured to have a slope efficiency of 64% and a threshold of 1 mJ. The spatial beam quality of the idler, characterized by the M<sup>2</sup> parameter, was 1.38 when the SRO was pumped at 2.5 times threshold. These results show that ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> OPOs directly pumped by a CrTmHo:YAG laser can be operated efficiently, while maintaining good IR beam quality. The wide tuning range and a high pulse energy makes this SRO particularly suitable for spectroscopic applications, and, tests in the field medical application, e.g., for cutting of soft tissue during surgery or corneal corrections.
Changes in Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Thickness with Bone Grafting and Dermis Allograft. Part III: A Case Series Using a Novel, Hybrid Implant Design with a Subcrestal Angle Correction (2022)

This comparative case series presents 16 consecutively placed and temporized immediate implants in the maxillary esthetic zone. The implants have a novel, inverted body-shift design, intended to achieve high levels of primary stability via the tapered apical portion. The coronal narrow cylinder provides greater space between the implant platform and facial socket wall and adjacent teeth/implants, allowing a greater opportunity for augmentation. The restorative platform also features a subcrestal angle correction, which facilitates screw retention. The wider, facial platform-shift thus creates more room for augmentation via dual-zone bone grafting and the application of a dermal allograft, which yields greater soft tissue thickness after initial healing. This case series aimed to evaluate soft tissue thickness and compare the results to two previously published cohorts where implant design served as the only variable between groups.
Fuel cells remaining useful life estimation using an extended Kalman Filter (2015)

Fuel cells, especially the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, are promising energy converters that can be used for various applications (transportation, mobile and stationary applications). Although, they have a limited lifespan due to degradation mechanisms (chemical and mechanical stresses) that are not completely understood. Consequently, researches have been conducted to estimate the Remaining Useful Life of such devices, in order to take mitigation actions, extending the life of this electrochemical converter. The aim of the presented work is to propose an observer based method for prognostic of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. An Extended Kalman Filter estimates the State of Health and its derivative using a single empirical degradation model, in any operating conditions. Those estimations are used to predict the future State of Health. Once the prediction equalizes a defined threshold, the fuel cell is considered out of use and the Remaining Useful Life is given. This method is validated by simulation and then used on a set of experimental data resulting from a long term test on a 5-cell stack operated under a constant current solicitation.
Multiplexed SQUID vectormagnetometer for biomagnetic research (1984)

A three-channel SQUID vectormagnetometer for biomagnetic studies is developed. The system is realised by using multiplexing where one of the three SQUIDS is monitored at a time. The system maintains continuously all the SQUIDS in the flux-locking condition. The construction of a gradiometer for recording the magnetic heart vector with the unipositional lead system is described. A low-noise, high-input impedance preamplifier and an RF-switch with nearly ideal properties at low signal levels are constructed and tested. The noise properties of the magnetometer system are estimated and measured. The usefulness of this vectormagnetometer is demonstrated by measuring the magnetic heart vector in real time from several healthy subjects. Two examples of these registrations are presented.
Aggregation of microparticles of a water-soluble polycrystalline substance in pores (2016)

We have proposed synthesis of polydisperse particles of poorly soluble substances through precipitation in pores of a water-soluble matrix. As a matrix, we used sucrose pressed under mass production conditions. In its pores, we obtained highly dispersed BaSO4 particles precipitated by reacting Ba(NO3)2 and Na2SO4. The BaSO4 particles were separated from the aqueous phase using a track-etched membrane filter and characterized by electron microscopy.
Adrenal venous sampling: the learning curve of a single interventionalist with 282 consecutive procedures (2018)

PURPOSE: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of secondary hypertension. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the gold standard for assessing laterality of PA, which is of paramount importance to decide adequate treatment. AVS is a technically complicated procedure with success rates ranging between 30% and 96%. The aim of this study was to investigate the success rate of AVS over time, performed by a single interventionalist. METHODS: This was a retrospective study based on consecutive AVS procedures performed by a single operator between September 2005 and June 2016. Data on serum concentrations of aldosterone and cortisol from right and left adrenal vein, inferior vena cava, and peripheral vein were collected and selectivity index (SI) calculated. Successful AVS was defined as SI >5. RESULTS: In total, 282 AVS procedures were performed on 269 patients, 168 men (62%) and 101 women (38%), with a mean age of 55±11 years (range, 26–78 years). Out of 282 AVS procedures, 259 were successful, giving an overall success rate of 92%. The most common reason for failure was inability to localize the right adrenal vein (n=16; 76%). The success rates were 63%, 82%, and 94% during the first, second, and third years, respectively. During the last 8 years the success rate was 95%, and on average 27 procedures were performed annually. CONCLUSION: Satisfactory AVS success rate was achieved after approximately 36 procedures and satisfactory success rate was maintained by performing approximately 27 procedures annually. AVS should be limited to few operators that perform sufficiently large number of procedures to achieve, and maintain, satisfactory AVS success rate.
Eu2+ Luminescence in Hexagonal Aluminates Containing Large Divalent or Trivalent Cations (1976)

The Eu2+ luminescence in hexagonal aluminates containing large divalent or trivalent cations was studied in relation to the crystal structures of the host lattices. It was found that these can be divided into three groups: compounds with the magnetoplumbite structure like ; the La‐containing aluminates ( and ) which have a structure quite close to magnetoplumbite; and phases with the β‐alumina structure like and . In the first type of host lattice, the Eu2+ luminescence is at a relatively short wavelength, in the last group at relatively long wavelength. The La aluminates doped with Eu2+ take an intermediary position in this respect. The existence of various types of host lattices is also reflected in the shape and the position of the excitation spectra of the Eu2+ luminescence. Their complicated shapes allow only a qualitative discussion of the position of the excited 5d levels of the Eu2+ ion. The quantum efficiency of the luminescence was found in most cases to be high. The temperature dependence curves of the intensity of the Eu2+ luminescence can be divided into two groups: those of the magnetoplumbite (like) phosphors and those of the β‐alumina type phosphors. The experimental quenching temperatures are discussed in relation to a model proposed by Blasse and Bril.
Why an In Vivo Screening Platform Covering Broad Therapeutic Spectrum is an Ideal Tool for Drug Repositioning: Illustrated by Discovery of a Novel Class of Insulin Sensitizers (2020)

Increasingly, the pharmaceutical industry has been plagued with escalating costs coupled with decreasing productivity, leading to speculation that the pharmaceutical business model as we know it may be broken. It is in this context that many in the industry have been searching for innovative strategies to reduce cost as well as risk. Both phenotypic screening and drug repositioning represent discovery approaches that fit this description. Melior Discovery is unique among drug discovery organizations in its use of an in vivo phenotypic screening platform used to reposition discontinued clinical-stage compounds. The story of Melior's lead candidate, MLR-1023, illustrates this approach. We show that when dealing with “privileged” substrate (discontinued clinical-stage compounds that exhibit good human safety and tolerability characteristics and other favorable drug-like characteristics), an in vivo screening platform, comprising a wide array of animal models of human disease, is ideal. Many years of conducting these screens on hundreds of compounds has shown the frequency with which otherwise unpredicted therapeutic potential is associated with drug targets that were thought to be well-characterized.