gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-shallow boxlike profiles fabricated by pulsed ultraviolet-laser doping process (1994)

Ultra-shallow, boxlike impurity profiles are produced using gas immersion laser doping (GILD) and then analyzed by spreading resistance profilometry (SRP) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to determine the impurity distribution. At high concentrations, the profiles obtained by SRP exhibit the expected boxlike shape over the entire range of junction depths: The measured concentration within the junction region is uniform while the dopant gradient at the junction exceeds 1 decade/5 nm. In comparison, the same profiles analyzed using high primary ion energy SIMS show a broader transition at the metallurgical junction. Caused by knock-ons and ion mixing during the sputtering process, the inaccuracy is markedly reduced by lowering the acceleration energy of the primary Cs+ ion beam. At lower concentrations (&amp;lt;1019/cm3), profiles analyzed by SRP exhibit shallower junctions than expected. Electrical measurements of diodes and Hall structures show that high-quality, ultra-shallow n+p, np, and pn junctions are fabricated with good dose control using GILD. For complete characterization of GILD, accurate measurement of both chemical and electrically active dopant profiles are required. At present, neither SIMS nor SRP provides an entirely accurate impurity profile.
Optimizing Web delivery over wireless links: design, implementation, and experiences (2005)

World over wide-area wireless Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) networks have been upgraded to support the general packet radio service (GPRS). GPRS brings "always-on" wireless data connectivity at bandwidths comparable to that of conventional fixed-line telephone modems. Unfortunately many users have found the reality to be rather different, experiencing very disappointing performance when, for example, browsing the Web over GPRS. In This work, we show what causes the web and its underlying transport protocol TCP to underperform in a GPRS wide-area wireless environment. We examine why certain GPRS network characteristics interact badly with TCP to yield problems such as: link underutilization for short-lived flows, excess queueing for long-lived flows, ACK compression, poor loss recovery, and gross unfairness between competing flows. We also show that many Web browsers tend to be overly aggressive, and by opening too many simultaneous TCP connections can aggravate matters. We present the design and implementation of a web optimizing proxy system called GPRSWeb that mitigates many of the GPRS link-related performance problems with a simple software update to a mobile device. The update is a link-aware middleware (a local "client proxy") that sits in the mobile device, and communicates with a "server proxy" located at the other end of the wireless link, close to the wired-wireless border. The dual-proxy architecture collectively implements a number of key enhancements-an aggressive caching scheme that employs content-based hash keying to improve hit rates for dynamic content, a preemptive push of Web page support resources to mobile clients, resource adaptation to suit client capabilities, delta encoded data transfer of modified pages, DNS lookup migration, and a UDP-based reliable transport protocol that is specifically optimized for use over GPRS. We show that these enhancements results in significant improvement in web performance over GPRS links.
Pathogenesis of contagious streptococcal lymphadenitis in cats. (1981)

Transmission and pathogenesis studies were undertaken in cats inoculated orally with Lancefield group G beta-hemolytic streptococci. These bacteria, which had been isolated from cats during a natural episode of lymphadenitis, rapidly colonized the tonsils of inoculated cats and disseminated along lymphatic channels. Acute purulent inflammation of lymph nodes on the head and neck was followed by toxemia, which coincided with pyrexia and other signs of clinical illness.
Linear Constraints for Convex Approximation of the Stability Domain of a Polynomial in Coefficients Space (2014)

The question of stability domain characterization of polynomials, in coefficients space, is considered. By “stability” we mean that all zeros of a polynomial are in a given region in the complex plane. It is shown that the recent LMI formulation of stability region can be well approximated in the form of linear constraints using the Finite Inclusions Theorem (FIT). Increasing the number of linear constraints to infinity results in the exact stability domain as in the above LMI. It is shown that, practically, even a moderate number of linear constraints is enough, taking into account numerical problems involved when solving the LMIs. The case of interval polynomial families is also considered, in which case we show that the number of constraints is <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper O left-parenthesis upper N right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">O(N)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> times the number of constraints required for fixed-coefficients polynomials, where <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper N"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">N</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is the order of the polynomial.
[In vivo exploration of cerebral ischemia: use of neuroprotective agents in animal studies]. (2003)

A "good" in vivo animal model of stroke must reproduce the etiology, anatomical, functional and metabolic consequences of human pathology and must also permit the study of anti-ischemic drugs in conditions pertinent to the clinical therapeutics. As stroke is a very heterogeneous clinical entity, such a model could only mimic a limited part of stroke. Animal data are usually collected in healthy laboratory rodents of the same age, in which a standardized amount of cerebral ischemia is induced by a reproducible intervention. In contrast, aetiology, location and severity of ischaemic stroke in patients is very heterogeneous. Among the various animal models of stroke, two of them are particularly used: a model of global transient ischemia by occlusion of the 4-vessels in the rat (Pulsinelli's model), which induces a delayed neuronal death in the hippocampus and model(s) of permanent or transient focal cerebral ischemia occluding the middle cerebral artery in rodents. A large number of compounds have been shown to be active using these two animal models, but unfortunately, none of them were found to be active in clinical trials. Various factors could be responsible for this major discrepancy and some of them are not related to pre-clinical studies, but to the complexities of the clinical problem of stroke. Failure in the translation of results from animals models to humans implicates potential limitations of the current drug development process. Retrospective analysis of studies suggests possible improvements at several stages during pre-clinical studies. Standardized guidelines for preclinical evaluation of neuroprotective drugs may improve chances of success. For example, preclinical studies should be performed in at least 2 species and 2 strains for a specific specie in order to take into account known strain and species differences. Moreover, while neuroprotection drug development is dominated by volumetric histology as the outcome measure, the demonstration of functional benefits must be performed both after short and long periods of recovery. Attempts should be made to use multiple models such as stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, outbred rodents and aged animals that more closely simulate clinical conditions. In addition, treatment in animals should not be given immediately after ischaemia, but after a delay, as most patients are not treated within minutes of stroke onset. Animal models should be used to determine dosage and duration of therapy, which will vary with the pharmacokinetic properties of different agents. Moreover, complete dose-response curves should be established as bell-shaped dose-responses curves may predict dose-limiting adverse effects that hinder subsequent efficacy trials. Finally, physiological monitoring (cerebral blood flow, blood pressure and gazes, body temperature, glycemia, ...) should be performed to eliminate confounding variables and to observe adverse systemic effects. The future of neuroprotection for stroke remains bright in spite of previous disappointments.
Investigation of the mixed alkali effect in boro-tellurite glasses - the role of NBO-BO switching in ion transport (2004)

Glasses of the composition 

30(Li,Na)2O,xB203,(70-x) Te02 

(20 ≤
x ≤ 50) have been prepared using the melt­ quenching method. Properties of these glasses 

have been measured and examined for the presence of mixed alkali effect (MAE). Infrared, Raman 

and 11B HR MAS NMR spectroscopies have been used to investigate the structure 

of these glasses. DC and a.c. conductivities and dielectric properties have been measured over a 

wide range of frequencies and temperatures. Densities, molar volumes, glass transition temperatures, 

thermo­ dynamic fragilities, infrared absorption frequencies, d.c. conductivities and activations 

barriers have been found to exhibit MAE. However, MAE does not manifest in the a.c. transport 

and dielectric relaxation parameters. Structure and bonding considerations account for the observed 

MAE in several properties. But the presence of MAE in d.c. conductivities and its absence in a.c. 

transport and dielectric phenomena is notable and its understanding requires a critical review of 

currently used conceptual basis of ion transport in oxide glasses. A new approach is therefore 

proposed in which the primary event in ion transport is the motion of negative charge through the 

non-bridging oxygen (NBO)-bridging oxygen (BO) switching. NBO-BO switching initiates the jump 

of alkali ions as the latter become energetically unstable in their positions. The present mechanism 

leaves unaffected the Arrhenius behaviour of d.c. conductivity, but with a new meaning of the 

parameters in it.
Design and power analysis for multi-sample single cell genomics experiments (2020)

Abstract Background The identification of genes associated with specific experimental conditions, genotypes or phenotypes through differential expression analysis has long been the cornerstone of transcriptomic analysis. Single cell RNA-seq is revolutionizing transcriptomics and is enabling interindividual differential gene expression analysis and identification of genetic variants associated with gene expression, so called expression quantitative trait loci at cell-type resolution. Current methods for power analysis and guidance of experimental design either do not account for the specific characteristics of single cell data or are not suitable to model interindividual comparisons. Results Here we present a statistical framework for experimental design and power analysis of single cell differential gene expression between groups of individuals and expression quantitative trait locus analysis. The model relates sample size, number of cells per individual and sequencing depth to the power of detecting differentially expressed genes within individual cell types. Power analysis is based on data driven priors from literature or pilot experiments across a wide range of application scenarios and single cell RNA-seq platforms. Using these priors we show that, for a fixed budget, the number of cells per individual is the major determinant of power. Conclusion Our model is general and allows for systematic comparison of alternative experimental designs and can thus be used to guide experimental design to optimize power. For a wide range of applications, shallow sequencing of high numbers of cells per individual leads to higher overall power than deep sequencing of fewer cells. The model is implemented as an R package scPower .
The detection and quantification of retinopathy using digital angiograms (1994)

An algorithm is presented for the analysis and quantification of the vascular structures of the human retina. Information about retinal blood vessel morphology is used in grading the severity and progression of a number of diseases. These disease processes are typically followed over relatively long time courses, and subjective analysis of the sequential images dictates the appropriate therapy for these patients. In this research, retinal fluorescein angiograms are acquired digitally in a 1024x1024 16-b image format and are processed using an automated vessel tracking program to identify and quantitate stenotic and/or tortuous vessel segments. The algorithm relies on a matched filtering approach coupled with a priori knowledge about retinal vessel properties to automatically detect the vessel boundaries, track the midline of the vessel, and extract useful parameters of clinical interest. By modeling the vessel profile using Gaussian functions, improved estimates of vessel diameters are obtained over previous algorithms. An adaptive densitometric tracking technique based on local neighborhood information is also used to improve computational performance in regions where the vessel is relatively straight.
Coping with conflicts in an optimistically replicated file system (2002)

Coda is a scalable distributed Unix file system that provides high availability through the use of two distinct but complementary mechanisms. One mechanism, server replication, stores copies of a file at multiple servers. The other mechanism, disconnected operation, is a mode of execution in which a caching site temporarily assumes the role of a replication site. Disconnected operation is particularly useful for supporting portable workstations. Both mechanisms are forms of optimistic replication. Coda allows potentially conflicting updates to be made in each network partition during failures. This strategy is acceptable for two reasons. First, sequential write-sharing of data within a short period of time is relatively infrequent in Unix. Second, Coda provides mechanisms to minimize the inconvenience caused by conflicting updates. The author focuses on the mechanisms in Coda to cope with conflicts and describes experience in implementing them.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Collaborating trust and item-prediction with ant colony for recommendation (2014)

Online Recommenders are information filtering systems which works on the implicit or explicit information provided by the users and Collaborative Filtering is most widely used technique for this. But the accuracy of the recommendation process is greatly affected by the sparsity in user-item matrix. Though, collaborative filtering is one of the most promising techniques, it still suffers from the cold start problem due to which it is unable to give recommendations to new users. It is also vulnerable to many attacks like shilling attack, grey sheep, etc. which severely hamper the recommendation systems. A trust-based approach combining trust and swarm intelligence (ant colony) with collaborative filtering has been proposed. It also uses item-based predictions in the process of generating recommendations. Ant Colony exhibit self organizing and distributed properties due to which it is used in real time and constantly changing environment. Trust is updated continuously using pheromone updating strategy of ant colony thus, making the system more accurate. By combining these approaches, effective system is proposed which provide solutions to the above mentioned problems of collaborative filtering and predict whether the user will like the certain item or not. Results have been validated using dataset of movies which is available online.
Sacral root and hypogastric plexus stimulators and what these models tell us about autonomic actions on the bladder and urethra (1986)

Research Article| December 01 1986 Sacral root and hypogastric plexus stimulators and what these models tell us about autonomic actions on the bladder and urethra G. S. Brindley G. S. Brindley 1MRC Neurological Prostheses Unit, London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (1986) 70 (S14): 41s–44s. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs070s041 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation G. S. Brindley; Sacral root and hypogastric plexus stimulators and what these models tell us about autonomic actions on the bladder and urethra. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 December 1986; 70 (S14): 41s–44s. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs070s041 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search Keywords: hypogastric stimulators, impotence, sacral root electro-stimulators This content is only available as a PDF. © 1986 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society1986 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Prognostic markers of mycosis fungoides by means of two cases (2020)

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of malignancies including both indolent and aggressive forms, with an average 5-year disease-specific survival rate of 11-100%. Prognostic factors in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma according to the different subtypes are not clearly defined, however extracutaneous manifestation seems to predict a poor prognosis. Tonsil involvement was revealed as a cause of oropharyngeal complaints in two of our male patients, treated for histologically confirmed tumour stage of mycosis fungoides. In the first case urgent tracheostomy followed by radiotherapy, while in the other case systemic treatment resulted in complete remission of the tonsil involvement. Both patients were subsequently lost due to the progression of mycosis fungoides. Factors predicting an unfavourable prognosis included extracutaneous manifestation, late stage disease, age over 60 years, elevated lactate-dehydrogenase levels, and large cell transformation. With our cases we would like to shed light to the prognostic markers of mycosis fungoides, and to the rare tonsil involvement, which is potentially life-threatening and requires urgent intervention.
δ-Peptides and δ-Amino Acids as Tools for Peptide Structure DesignA Theoretical Study (2004)

An overview on all possible helix types in oligomers of delta-amino acids (delta-peptides) and their stabilities is given on the basis of a systematic conformational analysis employing various methods of ab initio MO theory (HF/6-31G*, B3LYP/6-31G*, PCM//HF/6-31G*). A wide variety of novel helical structures with hydrogen-bonded pseudocycles of different size are predicted. Since a delta-amino acid constituent may replace a dipeptide unit in alpha-peptides, there are close relationships between the secondary structures of peptides with delta-amino acid residues and typical secondary structures of alpha-peptides. However, the preference of gauche conformations at the central C(beta)-C(gamma) bonds of delta-amino acids, which correspond to the peptide linkages in alpha-peptides, over staggered ones makes completely novel structure alternatives for helices and turns more probable. The peculiarities of beta-turn formation by sugar amino acids derived from delta-amino acids are compared with the turn formation in delta-amino acid residues and in alpha-peptides. The considerable potential of secondary structure formation in delta-peptides and single delta-amino acid constituents predicted by ab initio MO theory may stimulate experimental work in the field of peptide and foldamer design.
Structural Stability and Binding Strength of a Designed Peptide–Carbon Nanotube Hybrid (2013)

Biological polymers hybridized with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have elicited much interest recently for applications in SWCNT-based sorting as well as biomedical imaging, sensing, and drug delivery. Recently, de novo designed peptides forming a coiled-coil structure have been engineered to selectively disperse SWCNT of a certain diameter. Here we report on a study of the binding strength and structural stability of the hybrid between such a "HexCoil-Ala" peptide and the (6,5)-SWCNT. Using the competitive binding of a surfactant, we find that affinity strength of the peptide ranks in comparison to that of two single-stranded DNA sequences as (GT)<sub>30</sub>-DNA > HexCoil-Ala > (TAT)<sub>4</sub>T-DNA. Further, using replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD), we show that the hexamer peptide complex has both similarities with and differences from the original design. While one of two distinct helix-helix interfaces of the original model was largely retained, a second interface showed much greater variability. These conformational differences allowed an aromatic tyrosine residue designed to lie along the solvent-exposed surface of the protein instead to penetrate between the two helices and directly contact the SWCNT. These insights will inform future designs of SWCNT-interacting peptides.
Controlled Photocatalytic Ability of Titanium Dioxide Particle by Coating with Nanoporous Silica (2007)

Abstract We have successfully deposited nanoporous silica layers on titania nanoparticles, commercial P25 (Degussa), by the reaction of P25 with aqueous mixture of TEOS (silica source) and CTA (porogen) and the subsequent calcination. The thickness of nanoporous silica layer was controlled by changing the added amount of TEOS.
Grafting of monoglyceride molecules for the design of hydrophilic and stable porous silicon surfaces (2009)

Hydrophilic chemically stable porous silicon surfaces are generated by surface functionalisation with polar head terminated lipid biomolecules of the monoglyceride type. Two approaches to anchor the monoglyceride moiety to porous silicon surfaces are presented.
The first d0 metallooxaziridines. Amination of olefins (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe first d0 metallooxaziridines. Amination of olefinsLanny S. Liebeskind, K. Barry Sharpless, Robert D. Wilson, and James A. IbersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 22, 7061–7063Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00490a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00490a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views453Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts