gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beef customer satisfaction: cooking method and degree of doneness effects on the top loin steak. (1999)

The objective of this research was to evaluate the consumer-controlled factors of cooking method and degree of doneness on Top Choice, Low Choice, High Select, and Low Select top loin steaks. The in-home product test was conducted in Chicago, Houston, Philadelphia, and San Francisco. Consumers (n = 2,212) evaluated each top loin steak for overall like (OLIKE), tenderness (TEND), juiciness (JUIC), flavor desirability (DFLAV), and flavor intensity (IFLAV) using 23-point hedonic scales. Respondents in San Francisco and Philadelphia cooked their top loin steaks to lower degrees of doneness than those in Chicago and Houston. Outdoor grilling was the most common method of cookery for top loin steaks in all cities. Consumers had the highest preference for Top Choice steaks (P < .05) and the lowest preference for Low Select steaks (P < .05). Consumer OLIKE scores were the highest (P < .05) for steaks cooked to a medium rare or lesser degree of doneness. Consumers preferred (P < .05) medium and well done or more degrees of doneness over medium well. The interaction of city x cooking method was significant for all steak palatability attributes. The differences in consumer preparation techniques among cities present challenges for the beef industry to develop market-specific promotional campaigns.
Structure and function of a novel coliphage-associated sialidase (2000)

A coliphage named 63D, isolated previously, associated sialidase as a component of phage particles. In order to localize the enzyme in phage particles, phages were partially destroyed by sonication, and the disrupted particles were size fractionated using a sucrose density gradient. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, enzyme assay and electron micrography of the fractions revealed the enzyme to be composed of four identical subunits with a molecular mass of 90 kDa, and the subunits were cross-linked by disulfide bonds. Electron micrographic observation indicated that six enzyme molecules were localized in a phage tail plate as a hexagonal array.
Accelerometry estimates field metabolic rate in giant Australian cuttlefish Sepia apama during breeding (2010)

1. Estimating the metabolic rate of animals in nature is central to understanding the physiological, behavioural and evolutionary ecology of animals. Doubly labelled water and heart-rate methods are the most commonly used approaches, but both have limitations that preclude their application to some systems. 2. Accelerometry has emerged as a powerful tool for estimating energy expenditure in a range of animals, but is yet to be used to estimate field metabolic rate in aquatic taxa. We combined two-dimensional accelerometry and swim-tunnel respirometry to estimate patterns of energy expenditure in giant Australian cuttlefish Sepia apama during breeding. 3. Both oxygen consumption rate (Vo2) and swimming speed showed strong positive associations with body acceleration, with coefficients of determination comparable to those using similar accelerometers on terrestrial vertebrates. Despite increased activity during the day, field metabolic rate rarely approached Vo2, and night-time Vo2 was similar to that at rest. 4. These results are consistent with the life-history strategy of this species, which has a poor capacity to exercise anaerobically, and a mating strategy that is visually based. With the logistical difficulties associated with observation in aquatic environments, accelerometry is likely to prove a valuable tool for estimating energy expenditure in aquatic animals.
Demonstration of increased anti-mycobacterial activity in peripheral blood monocytes after BCG vaccination in British school children. (1988)

A blood sample was taken from children aged 13-15 years immediately before BCG vaccination and 8 weeks after. The children were tuberculin skin-test negative to PPD-S before vaccination and positive after. Mononuclear cells were separated from the blood, infected with Mycobacterium microti at a low bacterium/monocyte ratio and allowed to form monolayers in microtitre wells. The infected monolayers were rinsed daily and the change in number of live bacteria in monolayers and supernatants was monitored by colony counts on agar. The cells were bacteriostatic during the first day, thereafter growth accelerated in pre-vaccination monolayers. When monolayers received pulsed exposures to autologous lymphocytes that had been incubated with whole dead tubercle bacilli the growth rates of M. microti were increased. However, growth rates in lymphocyte-pulsed monolayers were significantly lower after vaccination than before. It is proposed that this difference reflects the protective effect of vaccination.
Rotation, scale, and translation resilient watermarking for images (2001)

Many electronic watermarks for still images and video content are sensitive to geometric distortions. For example, simple rotation, scaling, and/or translation (RST) of an image can prevent blind detection of a public watermark. In this paper, we propose a watermarking algorithm that is robust to RST distortions. The watermark is embedded into a one-dimensional (1-D) signal obtained by taking the Fourier transform of the image, resampling the Fourier magnitudes into log-polar coordinates, and then summing a function of those magnitudes along the log-radius axis. Rotation of the image results in a cyclical shift of the extracted signal. Scaling of the image results in amplification of the extracted signal, and translation of the image has no effect on the extracted signal. We can therefore compensate for rotation with a simple search, and compensate for scaling by using the correlation coefficient as the detection measure. False positive results on a database of 10,000 images are reported. Robustness results on a database of 2000 images are described. It is shown that the watermark is robust to rotation, scale, and translation. In addition, we describe tests examining the watermarks resistance to cropping and JPEG compression.
Increased risk of hepatoblastoma among immature children with a lower birth weight. (1998)

Hepatoblastomas among children with very low birth weights have significantly increased recently, according to the data from the Japan Children's Cancer Registry for the years 1985-1993. We then analyzed more Registry data for 1969-1994 to clarify the possible relationship between low birth weight and hepatoblastoma. The percentage of low birth weights was compared between 543 hepatoblastoma children in the Registry and all live births in Japan in four successive periods during the 26 years from 1969 to 1994, in relation to the given birth year. The percentage of children with birth weights of 1500-1999 g among hepatoblastomas was higher, at 2.94-1.60%, than that among all live births in each of the four periods (0.79-0.92%), and the percentage of children with birth weights of 2000-2499 g was slightly higher. The percentage of children with birth weights of <1500 g and, especially, <1000 g, has increased rapidly among children born after 1988 (1.60 and 6.40%, respectively), when most very low birth weight infants began to survive. Compared with children with a birth weight of 2500 g or more, the relative risks of hepatoblastoma among children with birth weights of <1000, 1000-1499, 1500-1999, and 2000-2499 g were 15.64 (P < 0.001), 2.53 (P = 0.129), 2.71 (P = 0.001), and 1.21 (P = 0.381), respectively, suggesting the lower the birth weight, the higher the risk of hepatoblastoma. There was no association between hepatoblastomas with a low birth weight and either age at diagnosis or congenital malformations or light-for-date weight. The risk of hepatoblastoma for low birth weight children may be inherently high, especially for lower birth weights, and the recent rapid increase may be a result of an increase in the number of more immature infants with a more sensitive liver and also more frequent exposure to risk factors related to perinatal treatment.
Optical activity of anisotropic achiral surfaces (1998)

The efficiency of second-harmonic generation from achiral anisotropic surfaces can be different for left- and right-hand circularly polarized fundamental light. Such optical activity occurs if the orientation of the anisotropic sample makes the experimental arrangement chiral. The effects change sign as the handedness of the experiment is reversed. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by experiments with anisotropic Langmuir–Blodgett films of 2-docosylamino-5-nitropyridine. These optical-activity effects are important in the study of surface chirality and in the detailed characterization of anisotropic nonlinear thin films.
Research and development towards an autonomous biped walking robot (2004)

Methods for modeling, simulation and optimization of the dynamics, stability, and performance of humanoid robots are presented in this paper. Optimal control trajectory following by joint-level control combined with an online compensation method using Jacobians is proposed. The kinematic design, dynamic properties, hard- and software architecture for an autonomous biped, and experimental results are presented.
Combined R2* and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Changes in the Substantia Nigra in Parkinson's Disease (2020)

Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest increased transverse relaxation rate (R2*) and reduced diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the SN in PD. The R2* and FA changes may reflect different aspects of PD-related pathological processes (i.e., tissue iron deposition and microstructure disorganization). This study investigated the combined changes of R2* and FA in the SN in PD.
Steady‐state and dynamic properties of photomechanical light and dark adaptation in the eye of the shrimp Eualus gaimardii (crustacea, natantia) (1989)

Abstract A reflectometric method was used to study dark and light dark adaptation in shrimps ( Eualus ) by recording the reflectometric response to alternating periods of light‐off and light‐on that varied in intensity. We found that 1) During light‐off and light‐on periods the response slowly attained an upper and lower asymptotic level, respectively, followed by a steady‐state phase of these levels. The steady‐state level correlated strongly with the position of the distal screening pigment. 2) Steady‐state response plotted against log intensity defined an intensity‐response function representing the dynamic range of the distal pigment and consequently that of the effective aperture. The threshold where the pigment departed from its fully light‐ and dark‐adapted position was 10 −5.5 and 10 −9.5 W/cm 2 , respectively. Over this interval the intensity‐response function was linear and the increase in effective aperture equalled about .5 log unit gain in image brightness per log unit change in intensity. 3) The intensity‐response function showed cyclic shifts along the intensity continuum caused by endogeneous factors. 4) The duration of light adaptation was constant while rate of change increased linearly as a function of log intensity. Dark adaptation had similar properties at low intensities, thereafter its rate of change was constant while the duration increased linearly. These findings are consistent with the idea that the distal pigment is controlled by two hormones, the dark‐adapting hormone being subordinated to the light‐adapting one. Both the size of the dynamic intensity range and the temporal properties of light and dark adaptation showed that the photomechanical mechanism is well adapted to cope with twilight viewing conditions.
Performance of Osteoinductive Biphasic Calcium-Phosphate Ceramic in a Critical-sized Defect in Goats (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF TRICHLOROCYCLOTRITHIAZENE (NSCL)3 WITH OXIRANES TO GIVE ESTERS (NS.OR)3 (1980)

Abstract Die Titelverbindung reagiert mit Chlormethyloxiran, Ethyloxiran oder 7‐Oxabicyclo[4.l.0]heptan ohne Ringspaltung zu den Estern (Ia).
Festreden : Ansprachen bei der Feier des sechzigsten Geburtstags von Rektor Prof. Dr. Günter Pritschow. Abschiedsvorlesung von Altrektor Prof. Dr. Franz Effenberger (1999)

Inhalt: Ansprachen bei der Feier des sechzigsten Geburtstags von Rektor Prof. Dr. Günter Pritschow (Klaus R. G. Hein; Klaus von Trotha; Marcus Bierich; Sigmar Wittig; Horst Mehrländer; Michael Lateier; Franz Effenberger; Hans Klingel; Günter Pritschow: Danksagung) / Abschiedsvorlesung von Altrektor Prof. Dr. Franz Effenberger (Günter Pritschow: Begrüßung; Franz Effenberger: Abschiedsvorlesung - Was haben Bopserbrunnen, Blutfarbstoff und Perlonstrümpfe gemeinsam? Porträts dreier Stuttgarter Chemiker)
Breakdown pattern identification in high temperature dielectric films using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (2004)

In this research paper DC breakdown patterns identification were carried out after applying high voltages across samples of 25 /spl mu/m Kapton/spl reg/ (polyimide) and Mylar/spl reg/ polyester (poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET) films. For pattern identifications, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique was employed for acquiring 150/spl times/ and 300/spl times/ magnified images. In both images the shape of breakdown area was almost identical to the shape of electrodes. The SEM results clearly revealed that the melting process during high voltage DC breakdown process is higher in case of Mylar/spl reg/ polyester than that of Kapton/spl reg/ (polyimide). In case of Mylar/spl reg/ at room temperature, observed hole diameter was approximately 265.5 /spl mu/m with the total effected area of 55.3/spl times/10/sup -9/ m/sup 2/ at DC breakdown strength of 326.7 MV/m as compared to Kapton/spl reg/, which was 155.7 /spl mu/m with total effected area of 19/spl times/10/sup -9/ m/sup 2/ at breakdown strength of 364.9 MV/m. In these films for the measurement of electrical breakdown strength a new type of environmental chamber was used. Two-parameter Weibull distribution has been used to analyze the results.
Dynamic Wetting and Dewetting of a Low-Energy Surface by Pure Liquids (1998)

A high resolution optical method was used to acquire contact angle−velocity data for hexadecane and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) advancing and receding on a smooth, virtually homogeneous fluorinated surface. The predictive abilities of the hydrodynamic, molecular−kinetic and combined molecular−hydrodynamic models of wetting dynamics were compared. In this context the behavior of hexadecane and OMCTS were distinctly different. Where application of the molecular−kinetic model is most appropriate (hexadecane advancing) the motion of the contact line does agree well with the molecular length. However when hydrodynamics play a role and the combined molecular−hydrodynamic model is required, then the characteristic lengths obtained greatly exceed molecular dimensions.
Interaction ofFKBP5variant rs3800373 and city living alters the neural stress response in the anterior cingulate cortex (2021)

Psychosocial stress effects of urban living are associated with substantially increased risk for schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders, by altering stress-induced activity in the amygdala and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Genetic factors are likely to modulate the impact of city living on stress processing. Growing evidence suggests a key role of <i>FKBP5</i>, a co-chaperone regulating the glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity, in the etiology of stress-related disorders. Here we investigated the interaction of city living and genetic variation in <i>FKBP5</i> (rs3800373) on neural activity in stress-sensitive brain systems. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 31 healthy young adults using the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. Subjects were divided into groups depending on the number of inhabitants of their current residency. There was a significant main effect of city living on neural activity in the amygdala-hippocampus complex, replicating prior findings. Moreover, we found an interaction between rs3800373 and city living modulating responses in the bilateral subgenual ACC and right pregenual ACC. Specifically, only city dwellers carrying the <i>FKBP5</i> minor risk allele showed increased stress responses in the subgenual and pregenual ACC when compared to those living in small towns. A significant gene-environment interaction on neural stress responses in the amygdala or hippocampus was only found in <i>FKBP5</i> major allele carriers. These results point to a potential role of the <i>FKBP5</i> rs3800373 minor risk allele in predisposing those who live in bigger cities to changes of functional responsivity in the pre- and subgenual ACC, thereby increasing the risk for developing stress-related mental disorders.
Rampant centrosome amplification and aggressive disease course of triple-negative breast cancers. (2015)

1075 Background: Centrosome amplification (CA), a cell-biological trait characteristic of pre-neoplastic and pre-invasive lesions has empirically been associated with tumor aggressiveness suggesting an early and causal role of excess centrosomes in driving tumor progression. Recent studies provide convincing evidence that CA leads to malignant transformation and promotes invasion in mammary epithelial cells. Given that supernumerary centrosomes occur in ~80% of breast cancers, we hypothesize that CA can serve as a predictor of breast cancer aggressiveness. Triple (ER/PR/Her2) negative (TN) breast cancer, a histologically-aggressive breast cancer subtype, commonly afflicts African-American (AA) women and is characterized by high recurrence, metastases, and mortality rates. TN and non-TN breast tumors follow variable kinetics of metastatic progression, and thus constitute a test bed to explore if the severity and nature of CA can distinguish the two subtypes. Methods: Utilizing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and fresh-frozen breast cancer tissues, we quantitatively assessed extent of structural and numerical centrosomal aberrations for each patient sample in a large-cohort of grade-matched TNBC (n = 30) and non-TNBC (n = 98) cases employing multi-color immunofluorescence confocal imaging and immunoblotting. Results: Our data establish previously unrecognized differences in incidence and severity of CA between TNBC and non-TNBC cell lines and clinical specimens. We found strong correlation between CA and markers of aggressiveness associated with breast cancer metastasis in 20 pairs of grade-matched TNBC and non-TNBC clinical specimens (p < 0.02). Time-lapse imaging of MDA-MB-231 cells stably-transfected with GFP-tagged centrin harboring amplified centrosomes demonstrated that CA confers enhanced migratory ability. Conclusions: Our study reveals a causative link between CA and breast cancer aggressiveness. Organellar disparity between breast cancer subtypes harboring different metastatic potential has immense translational value as it may allow early-risk prediction and explain higher tumor aggressiveness in TNBC patients.
Processing of Al–12Si–TNM composites by selective laser melting and evaluation of compressive and wear properties (2015)

Abstract
Mid-Infrared Fiber-Optic Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy of the Solid—Liquid Phase Transition of Water (2005)

Measurements of mid-infrared (MIR) absorption spectra of water and heavy water were carried out by fiber-optic evanescent wave spectroscopy, using silver halide (AgClBr) infrared fibers. Such measurements were performed for the first time on one sample, during the solid-liquid phase transition. From the variation of the spectra with temperature we found a new isosbestic point (at 3280 cm(-1) for H(2)O or at 2475 cm(-1) for D(2)O) and we identified five components of the O-H (O-D) stretch band. These phenomena have provided new information about the molecular structure of water.
Effects Of Plasma Induced Velocity On Boundary Layer Flow (2006)

A dielectric barrier discharge is used to alter the near wall velocity of a two dimensional separated boundary layer flow. The electrodes of the dielectric barrier discharge are oriented at sixty degrees to primary flow direction and skewed fifteen degrees downstream to the primary flow direction. A separation bubble was created on a flat test surface by creating an adverse pressure gradient on the opposite wall, typical of the suction side of a Pak B low-pressure turbine blade. Attachment of the flow to the top wall and creation of a separation bubble on the flat wall was accomplished by applying suction to the contoured surface. The electrodes mid points were at the expected location of separation. The induced separation at a chord Reynolds number of 50,000 is significantly more severe than that of the Pak B profile. The skewed orientation was chosen to see if stable longitudinal vorticity could be induced in the wall layer. The discharge was driven by a 2000 to 7000 hertz source, and plasma power levels of 20, 30, and 40 watts were investigated with PIV boundary layer profiles at simulated chord Reynolds numbers of 50,000, 75,000, and 100,000. Turbulence levels of 3.3% and 5.4% were considered which resulted in both laminar and turbulent approaching boundary layers. Laminar-separated, near-wall-layer velocities were increased by as much as 40% by the discharge for the Reynolds number equal 100k case. Only marginal increases were observed for the turbulent cases. In the comparisons presented the frequency was fixed at 3,000 hertz. With only the center of the plasma excitation located at the separation no significant longitudinal vorticity was observed.
Prenatal immune activation induces age-related alterations in rat offspring: Effects upon NMDA receptors and behaviors (2019)

Prenatal exposure to polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C) results in psychotic-like behavior in mature rat offspring as well as enduring modifications of glutamatergic excitatory synaptic transmission. However, little is known about the dynamic behavioral and glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor changes in rat offspring following poly I:C treatment of pregnant dams. In this study, poly I:C was administered to rats intravenously at a dose of 10 mg/kg on gestational day 9 in order to assess changes in behavior and NMDA receptors in offspring over time. Results demonstrate progressive worsening behaviors in adolescents and adults that manifest as increased anxiety, cognitive impairment, and pre-pulse inhibition deficits. Age-related alteration of NMDA receptors in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, either total number or distribution, were observed from weaning to adulthood. These results suggest that abnormalities of NMDA receptors occur prior to obvious schizophrenia-like behavioral manifestations. Hence, NMDA receptors may be potential therapeutic targets to prevent disease development during asymptomatic periods of schizophrenia, and may serve as targets for preventive and/or therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia. Further, PSD95, a scaffolding protein that is a component of the NMDA receptor signaling complex, is increased in the hippocampus of adult offspring, when serious behavioral abnormalities emerge. This result suggests that PSD95 may be involved in behavioral abnormalities of schizophrenia.
Synthesis from Aldehydes by Substitution of the Aldehyde Hydrogen (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effective treatment of chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis using a conservative approach (2004)

As a result of this study, we recommend that patients presenting with CNCH be managed conservatively in the first instance.