gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of mammalian heart annexins with special reference to CaBP33 (annexin V) (1990)

Porcine heart was observed to express annexins V (CaBP33) and VI in large amounts, and annexins III and IV in much smaller amounts. Annexin V (CaBP33) in porcine heart was examined in detail by immunochemistry. Homogenization and further processing of heart in the presence of EGTA resulted in the recovery of annexin V (CaBP33) in the cytosolic fraction and in an EGTA-resistant, Triton X-100-soluble fraction from cardiac membranes. Including Ca2+ in the homogenization medium resulted in a significant decrease in the annexin V (CaBP33) content of the cytosolic fraction with concomitant increase in the content of this protein in myofibrils, mitochrondria, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemma. The amount of annexin V (CaBP33) in each of these subfractions depended on the free Ca2+ concentration in the homogenizing medium. At the lowest free Ca2+ concentration tested, 0.8 microM, only the sarcolemma appeared to contain bound annexin V (CaBP33). Membrane-bound annexins V (CaBP33) and VI partitioned in two fractions, one EGTA-resistant and Triton X-100-extractable, and one Triton X-100-resistant and EGTA-extractable. Altogether, these data suggest that annexins V and VI are involved in the regulation of membrane-related processes.
Driving toroidally asymmetric current through the tokamak scrape-off layer. I. Potential for edge localized mode suppression (2009)

A potential technique for suppressing edge localized modes is theoretically analyzed. Recent experiments have shown that externally generated resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) can stabilize edge localized modes (ELMs) by modifying the density profile [T. E. Evans et al., Nat. Phys. 2, 419 (2006); Y. Liang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 265004 (2007)]. Driving toroidally asymmetric current internally through the scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma itself can also generate RMPs that are close to the required threshold for ELM control. Ion saturation current densities can be achieved by producing potential differences on the order of the electron temperature. Although the threshold is uncertain in future devices, if driven coherently through the SOL, the upper limit for the resulting perturbation field would exceed the present experimental threshold. This analysis provides the tools required for estimating the magnitude of the coherent SOL current and RMP generated via toroidally asymmetric biasing of the target. Flux expansion increases the perturbation near the X-point, while phase interference due to the shearing of field lines near the X-point reduces the amplitude of the effective SOL perturbation and makes the result sensitive to both toroidal mode number n and the phasing at the target plate. If the current density driven at the target plate decays radially, the amplitude over the useful coherence width of the current profile will be reduced. The RMP can still exceed the present threshold at low n if the radial location and width of the biasing region are optimally chosen.
Effect of specific production rate of recombinant protein on multimerization of plasmid vector and gene expression level (1999)

In fed-batch cultures of recombinant Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)[pT7-G3IL2] at high cell concentration, the post-induction specific growth rate was carefully regulated by controlled medium feed to maximize the synthesis level of recombinant fusion interleukin-2, G3WIL-2. A maximum concentration of G3WIL-2 (11.25 g l 31 ) was achieved in the induced recombinant culture growing at the rate of 0.056 h 31 . A steep decrease in the expression level of G3WIL-2 was observed at the post-induction specific growth rates higher than its optimal value (0.056 h 31 ). In the induced recombinant cultures, plasmid multimerization was observed and highly dependent on specific growth and production rate: a higher post-induction specific growth rate and an increased specific production rate tended to significantly promote it much further. Moreover, plasmid stability was found to decrease rapidly in a faster growing culture.
Chocolate and Cocoa (2012)

Abstract All chocolate and cocoa products are derived from the cocoa bean, the seed of the fruit of the cacao tree. The terms cocoa and cacao are often used interchangeably in the literature. In the United States, chocolate and cocoa are standardized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. White chocolate has recently been added to the regulations. The cocoa bean is the basic raw ingredient in the manufacture of all cocoa products. Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana are the two largest grower of the cocoa beans. Organic and Fair Trade cocoa are now making an appearance in the marketplace. This article gives information on the production of the cocoa beans, cocoa powder, chocolate liquor, cocoa butter, sweet and milk chocolate. Theobromine, an alkaloid, and caffeine are present in chocolate. Nutritional properties of chocolate have been reported and include cardiovascular benefits via the antioxidants (polyphenols) in chocolate. The U.S. is one of the world's largest consumers of chocolate products.
‘CTA-Lite’ for Exploring Possible Innovation Pathways of a Nanomedicine-Related Platform–Embedded Responsible Research and Innovation in Practice (2016)

We live in an increasingly complex and interconnected world. Where technology, and its potential benefits and risks, are not bound by, and do not respect, jurisdictional borders. A world that sees technological innovation as being an integral component of the Anthropocene, and resilience as being fundamental to our—and the environment’s—ability to flourish. With the age of the Anthropocene now upon us, there is increasing pressure on policy makers and scientists alike to develop robust agendas for socio-technical integration approaches, to innovate responsibly, and evaluate policy tools, methods and outcomes in real-time. Bringing together contributions and perspectives from the multidisciplinary S.NET community, Responsibility and Emerging Technologies: Experiences, Education and Beyond critically examines the responsible research and innovation policy landscape for emerging technologies. The volume, and its authors, highlight the fundamental roles that reflection, education and evaluation play, and the significance of culture at every step of the process.
Structure‐energy‐based predictions and network modelling of RAS opathy and cancer missense mutations (2014)

The Ras/MAPK syndromes ('RASopathies') are a class of developmental disorders caused by germline mutations in 15 genes encoding proteins of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway frequently involved in cancer. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the differences in mutations of the same protein causing either cancer or RASopathies. Here, we shed light on 956 RASopathy and cancer missense mutations by combining protein network data with mutational analyses based on 3D structures. Using the protein design algorithm FoldX, we predict that most of the missense mutations with destabilising energies are in structural regions that control the activation of proteins, and only a few are predicted to compromise protein folding. We find a trend that energy changes are higher for cancer compared to RASopathy mutations. Through network modelling, we show that partly compensatory mutations in RASopathies result in only minor downstream pathway deregulation. In summary, we suggest that quantitative rather than qualitative network differences determine the phenotypic outcome of RASopathy compared to cancer mutations.
Do pensamento clínico, segundo Foucault, ao resgate do modelo biopsicossocial: uma análise reflexiva <br>doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5892/ruvrv.2013.111.3039 (2013)

Este trabalho faz uma apresentação da passagem da medicina clássica à medicina moderna, tendo como base os estudos de Michel Foucault. Foi descrita inicialmente a medicina clínica sob o ponto de vista foucaultiano, com ênfase na descoberta da medicina anátomoclínica. A passagem da medicina clássica à medicina moderna dá-se em um cenário de nascimento do empirismo e valorização do conhecimento consubstanciado pela anatomia patológica. A partir desse momento a anatomia patológica fundamenta à clínica, havendo mudança na relação entre o objeto que se deve conhecer e aquilo que é cognoscível e desta maneira, uma reformulação do saber médico. A partir da publicação do Relatório Flexner, em 1910, o conceito de saúde passa a basear-se na ausência de doenças e a formação médica ganha uma tendência à especialização. Apesar de vigorar por mais de 100 anos, os novos desafios da saúde colocaram em xeque este modelo flexneriano. Posteriormente, a biomedicina destaca-se no cenário mundial, inserindo-se na prática da medicina. Buscando uma maior efetividade das ações do SUS, hoje no Brasil surge a necessidade da busca do resgate do modelo biopsicossocial e da centralidade na pessoa e na comunidade.
Retinoid-Induced Hypercalcemia in a Patient With Kaposi Sarcoma Associated With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1998)

Retinoids are commonly used for the treatment of nonmalignant skin disorders and occasionally for the treatment of various neoplasms including epidemic Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Dry skin and mucus membranes, muscle and joint aches, alopecia, headaches, and liver and lipid abnormalities are the most frequent medication-related side effects. Very rarely, this class of drugs is associated with the development of hypercalcemia. The authors report the case of a man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated KS who, while participating in a phase II clinical trial of LGD 1057 (9-cis-retinoic acid) for treatment of epidemic KS, developed hypercalcemia, mental status changes, and renal insufficiency. The etiologic factors of retinoid-induced hypercalcemia are imperfectly understood, but with drug withdrawal his serum calcium, mental acuity, and renal function quickly normalized. Hypercalcemia occurs infrequently in the setting of AIDS and when present, is usually mediated by opportunistic infections. Clinicians should be alert to this potentially life-threatening iatrogenic complication that responds favorably to drug withdrawal.
Kalman filtering to suppress spurious signals in adaptive optics control (2010)

In many scenarios, an adaptive optics (AO) control system operates in the presence of temporally non-white noise. We use a Kalman filter with a state space formulation that allows suppression of this colored noise, hence improving residual error over the case where the noise is assumed to be white. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this new filter in the case of the estimated Gemini Planet Imager tip-tilt environment, where there are both common-path and non-common-path vibrations. We discuss how this same framework can also be used to suppress spatial aliasing during predictive wavefront control assuming frozen flow in a low-order AO system without a spatially filtered wavefront sensor, and present experimental measurements from Altair that clearly reveal these aliased components.
Estimating the Memory Order of Electrocorticography Recordings (2019)

The proposed method facilitates the estimation of the causal associations between ECoG recordings, as these associations strongly depend on the recordings' memory. An improved estimation of causal associations can improve the performance of algorithms that use ECoG recordings to localize the epileptogenic zone. Such algorithms can aid doctors in their pre-surgical planning for the surgery of patients with epilepsy.
Isolation of a Ca/sup + +/-dependent phospholipase A/sub 2/ from human platelets (1987)

Phospholipases A/sub 2/ mobilize arachidonic acid from cellular phospholipids. A Ca/sup + +/-dependent phospholipase A/sub 2/(PLA/sub 2/) from human platelets was purified 1900-fold over homogenate by acid extraction with 0.36N H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/, heat treatment at 100/sub 0/C and ion-exchange chromatography. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed (1-/sup 14/C)oleate-labelled autoclaved E. coli with a specific activity of 152 nmoles.min./sup -1/mg protein/sup -1/. The enzyme was active between pH 6.0 and pH 8.5, with maximal activity at pH 7.0; EDTA completely inhibited; the enzyme, which requires 5mM CaCl/sub 2/ for optimal activity. Increasing concentrations of NaCl stimulated activity to a maximum of 8-fold over control at 150mM; higher concentrations were inhibitory. Molecular sizing estimates by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and SDS-PAGE correspond to reported values for PLA/sub 2/ from other sources. Non-denaturing electrophoresis at pH 4.5 resulted in five protein bands. These data suggest that this highly purified preparation is contaminated by proteins of similar molecular size or indicates the existence of multiple forms of the enzyme which has reported for sheep and human platelet phospholipases A/sub 2/.
Delay analysis of CMOS gates using modified logical effort model (2005)

In this paper, modified logical effort (MLE) technique is proposed to provide delay estimation for CMOS gates. The model accounts for the behavior of series-connected MOSFET structure (SCMS), the input transition time, and internodal charges. Also, the model takes into account deep submicron effects, such as mobility degradation and velocity saturation. This model exhibits good accuracy when compared with Spectre simulations based on BSIM3v3 model. Using UMC's 0.13-/spl mu/m and TSMC's 0.18-/spl mu/m technologies, the model has an average error of 4.5% and a maximum error of 15%.
Role of endogenous nitric oxide in allergen‐induced airway responses in guinea‐pigs (1998)

1. Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) can be detected in exhaled air and accumulates in inflamed airways. However its physiological role has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated a role for endogenous NO in allergen-induced airway responses. Sensitised guinea-pigs were treated with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester L-NAME (2.0 mM) or aminoguanidine (AG) (2.0 mM) 30 min before the allergen challenge, and 3 and 4 h after the challenge. Alternatively, L-arginine (2.4 mM) treatment was performed 30 min before, and 2 and 3 h after the challenge. In all groups, ovalbumin (OVA) challenge (2 mg ml(-1) for 2 min) was performed, and airway responses, NO production, infiltration of inflammatory cells, plasma exudation and histological details were examined. 2. Allergen-challenged animals showed an immediate airway response (IAR) and a late airway response (LAR), which synchronised with an increase in exhaled NO. Treatment with L-NAME and AG did not affect IAR while they significantly blocked LAR (72% and 80% inhibition compared to vehicle) and production of NO (35% and 40% inhibition). On the other hand, treatment with L-arginine did not affect IAR but potentiated LAR (74% augmentation). 3. In bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, allergen-induced increases in eosinophils were reduced by 48% for L-NAME treatment compared to vehicle, and increased by 56% for L-arginine treatment. 4. Treatment with L-NAME significantly decreased airway microvascular permeability to both Monastral blue (MB) and Evans blue (EB) dye (50.6% and 44% inhibition). 5. We conclude that allergen-induced LAR is closely associated with NO production, and that NO plays a critical role in inflammatory cell infiltration and plasma exudation in the allergic condition.
Detection of Bioaerosols Using Multiwavelength UV Fluorescence Spectroscopy (1999)

This article describes the development of an aerosol generation apparatus to investigate the fluorescence spectra of bioaerosols. The experimental system was set up in a Biosafety Level II Laboratory. The system included an aerosol generator, chamber, aerosol monitoring instrumentation, and laser-induced-fluorescence detection system. The aerosol generators, chamber, and monitors were housed in an enclosure with the exhaust vented through a double HEPA filtration system. A Hospitak nebulizer using aqueous suspensions generated aerosols of bacteria. Aerosols of pollens were generated using a small-scale dry powder generator. The aerosol chamber, with four windows for optical access, was designed with the aid of a computational fluid dynamics code to optimize the generation of aerosol beams with a well-defined geometry for reproducible fluorescence measurements. Aerosol concentrations and aerodynamic diameters in the chamber were determined using a filter, an impinger, a modified Andersen impactor, and an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer. Geometric size and particle shapes were determined using microscopy and imaging analysis. The well-characterized aerosol stream allowed reproducible fluorescence measurements to be made with the aerosol generation methods developed in this work. Fluorescence spectra of four bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis var niger , and Bacillus thuringiensis , were found to be very similar. Calibrations of the fluorescence instrumentation allowed cross sections of live cells, killed cells, and spores to be measured with an uncertainty of about 2 to 5.
Cloning and Sequencing of the Genes Encoding the Periplasmic-CytochromeB-Containing Selenate Reductase ofThauera selenatis (2000)

The periplasmic selenate reductase (Ser) of Thauera selennatis is a component of the electron transport chain catalyzing selenate reduction with acetate as the electron donor (i.e., selenate respiration). The purified enzyme consists of three subunits (SerA, SerB and SerC). Using transposon (i.e., Tn5) mutagenesis selenate reductase mutants were isolated. Junction fragments of DNA adjacent to the integrated Tn5 were used, together with oligonucleotides derived from the N-termini of SerA and SerB, to clone from a gene bank a DNA fragment that contained the corresponding genes. After sequencing, serA, serB and serC were identified by sequence comparison with the N-termini of the three subunits. The genes are arranged in the order serA, serB, serC; a fourth open reading frame (serD) in between, but overlapping serB and serC, is also present. The serA gene product contains an apparent leader peptide with a twin-arginine motif. The remainder of the translated amino acid sequence is similar to that of a number of prokaryotic molybdenum-containing enzymes (e.g., nitrate reductases and formate dehydrogenases of Escherichia coli). The serB gene product contains four cysteine clusters and is similar to various iron-sulfur protein subunits. The serC gene product contains a putative Sec-dependent leader peptide, but there are no similarities between the remainder of the translated protein and other protein subunits. The SerC contains two histidine and four methionine residues, and these may noncovalently bind heme b--which is a component of the active selenate reductase. The serD gene product encodes a putative protein that shows no significant sequence similarities to other proteins. However, the location of the serD within the other ser genes is similar to that of narJ within the E. coli narGHJI operon (nitrate reductase A); thus suggesting that the role of SerD may be similar to that of NarJ, which is a system-specific chaperone protein.
Why there are two cyclooxygenase isozymes (2001)

Since the discovery in 1991 of a second isoform of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase (PGHS, or cyclooxygenase), there has been considerable interest in the question of why two isoforms of this enzyme are necessary and what roles they might play. PGHS-1–deficient (1) and PGHS-2–deficient (2, 3) mice and isoform-specific inhibitors have been developed and used to investigate the physiological functions of PGHS-1 and PGHS-2. These studies suggest that there are processes in which each isozyme is uniquely involved (e.g., platelet aggregation for PGHS-1, ovulation for PGHS-2) and others in which both isozymes function coordinately (e.g., carcinogenesis, inflammation). There are also physiological events in which one PGHS isozyme normally functions but for which the other can compensate when the first is lacking (e.g., parturition and remodeling of the ductus arteriosus). Biochemical studies indicate that each isoform can function independently; namely, that there are distinct PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 prostanoid biosynthetic pathways. Thus, the unique physiological roles for each isozyme can be rationalized by what is known about the biochemistry of the enzymes.

To facilitate discussion of the physiological functions of PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 and to point out those functions for which PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 can substitute for one another, we describe the following in sequence: (a) physiological processes that depend solely or primarily on PGHS-1, (b) physiological processes that depend solely or primarily on PGHS-2, and (c) processes in which both PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 are involved and act coordinately. We then summarize the biochemical evidence for distinct PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 biosynthetic pathways.
First-in-human phase I study of the liposomal RNAi therapeutic Atu027 in patients with advanced cancer. (2013)

2508 Background: Atu027 is a novel vascular stabilising, anti-metastatic, RNAi therapeutic, targeting systemic endothelial cell function and the tumor vasculature. Atu027 comprises a liposomal particle, containing an siRNA, which silences expression of the PKC pathway signalling molecule PKN3. Atu027 was previously shown to restrict tumor growth, local invasion and both, lymph node as well as pulmonary metastasis in mouse xenograft models. Methods: 34 patients with advanced cancer received 10 escalating doses of Atu027 without pre-medication as single and repeated i.v. infusions (qw2x4 per 28-d cycle) with a 3-wks dose intermission. Primary end points were safety, pharmacokinetics and -dynamics (biomarker identification). Response was monitored by CT/MR imaging at baseline, after treatment and at final follow-up (EoS) and was assessed according to RECIST. Results: Atu027 was well tolerated up to 0.336 mg/kg (around twice the predicted effective siRNA plasma levels). An MTD was not achieved. Around 50% of patients experienced disease stabilization according to RECIST. 8 patients had stable disease at EoS and 2 with neuroendocrine cancer had disease stabilization for 9 or 22 months. Partial regression of pulmonary metastasis and a regression of liver metastases were observed in subjects with neuroendocrine and breast cancer, respectively. An improved ECOG performance status was observed in patients of higher dose levels. Most AEs were low grade toxicities (1 or 2), including fatigue and increased lipase. Transient complement system activation was observed for certain factors. Area exposure levels of siRNA strands were dose-proportional and peaks were reached during 4 h-infusion. Of 102 plasma proteins assessed, sFLT1 (sVEGF-R1) was the most promising as a potential biomarker, with decreases from baseline in most pts from dose level 4-10 after treatment. Conclusions: Atu027 was well tolerated and there was suggestion of a clinically meaningful antitumor activity. In view of this further clinical trials can be initiated at a dose of up to 0.336 mg/kg and sFLT1 will be investigated as a potential biomarker. Clinical trial information: NCT00938574.
Visualizing complex notions of time. (2001)

Time plays an important role in medicine. Conditions are not just evaluated at single instances in time, but traced over periods. Medications must be administered within specified temporal limits, and their effects observed with regard to time. When planning treatments, the temporal aspect becomes even more complicated. The planner has to deal with uncertainty and allowable intervals. A visual representation of the information would be helpful, but there are few visualizations of time that are powerful enough. We present a visualization that graphically represents a complex notion of time, and has also been implemented in a program that allows users to directly specify this information. The results of a small user study are reported.
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors: An Assessment (2007)

An assessment is made of the suitability of the carbon nanotube field-effect transistor for applications in nanoelectronics.