gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Weighted-permutation entropy: A complexity measure for time series incorporating amplitude information (2013)

Permutation entropy (PE) has been recently suggested as a novel measure to characterize the complexity of nonlinear time series. In this paper, we propose a simple method to address some of PE's limitations, mainly its inability to differentiate between distinct patterns of a certain motif and the sensitivity of patterns close to the noise floor. The method relies on the fact that patterns may be too disparate in amplitudes and variances and proceeds by assigning weights for each extracted vector when computing the relative frequencies associated with every motif. Simulations were conducted over synthetic and real data for a weighting scheme inspired by the variance of each pattern. Results show better robustness and stability in the presence of higher levels of noise, in addition to a distinctive ability to extract complexity information from data with spiky features or having abrupt changes in magnitude.
Analisys of high frequency auditory thresholds in individuals aged between 18 and 29 years with no otological complaints (2007)

It has been suggested that such data could be used as a normal reference for further studies with similar standard equipment, to analyze auditory alterations presented in young individuals.
Stability analysis of a Buck converter with input filter based on an LPV formalism (2009)

This paper presents stability analysis of a buck converter based on an LPV (linear parameter-varying) approach. Theoretical stability analysis of DC-DC converters is not so easy especially with wide variations of input voltage and load. Authors propose a theoretical method that can be used by converter designers. A nonlinear model of buck converter is proposed to achieve stability analysis. The main control law is based on a state-feedback. The input voltage and load power variations are specified in ranges and variations can be as fast as possible. LPV analysis of a PI-feedback and a state-feedback are compared to show drawbacks of conventional PI-feedback. Simulation results are presented to verify stability analysis. They are based on two model levels: a nonlinear averaged model and a switched model.
Effect of Open Refuse Dumpsite on the Quality of Underground Water Used for Domestic Purposes in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria - A Public Health Awareness Study (2014)

The quality of underground water is compromised by the indiscriminate dumping of waste in the environment and contamination by leachate. The effect of the dunghill leachate on the physicochemical and microbial quality of water samples collected from closest wells to the municipal waste disposing sites were investigated using standard chemical and microbiological methods. Different antibiotics (amoxicillin, amoxicillin clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, cloxacillin, cotrimoxazole, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic, nitrofurantoin, ofloxacin, streptomycin and tetracycline) were screened against two indicator organisms ( Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli ) isolated from water samples. The distances of the wells from the foot of the nearby dump sites ranges from 85.3 to 25.7 m. The pH values of the water samples ranged between 5.86 and 7.84. The turbidity of the water samples was also between 1.0 and 8.0 NTU. Five heavy metals were detected in the water samples with zinc having the highest value. The observed concentrations of metals in the wells water samples were presented as Zn˃Pb˃Cu˃Co˃Hg. The total bacterial count of the water samples from the well ranged between 2.2 × 10 1 cfu/ml and 2.51 × 10 2 cfu/ml while the coliform load ranged from 9.1 × 10 1 cfu/ml and 1.3 × 10 1 cfu/ml. Cloxacillin and tetracycline were not effective against the most of the E. faecalis isolates. Only 48 (71.66 %) and 53 (88.33 %) E. faecalis strains were sensitive to cloxacillin and tetracycline, respectively. Gentamicin was most effective on E. faecalis . Out of the eight antibiotics tested, ofloxacin was most effective against the pathogen. The quality of the water samples were below the tolerable level and unfit for domestic purposes.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROGENOLYSIS OF SMALL CARBON RINGS. VII. SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF 1,1‐DISUBSTITUTED CYCLOPROPANE DERIVATIVES (1981)

Abstract Die Cyclopropane (IIa) ergeben bei ihrer Hydrierung unter Normalbedingungen über Pd/Cdie Produkte (I).
Phase matching by periodic variation of nonlinear coefficients (1973)

A scheme for phase matching in the parametric generation of far infrared is analyzed. It makes use of the periodic variation of the nonlinear coefficients. It is shown that a device can be constructed which is tunable over a wide range of generated frequencies.
Two-stage Conversion of Glycerol into Propylene Glycol over Cu/Al2O3 Catalyst (2015)

The conversion of 30 % glycerol mixture in ethanol over Cu/Al 2 O 3 catalyst at 493 K/0.1MPa was studied under Ar-H 2 flow with different H 2 content. It was shown, that 84 % selectivity towards hydroxyacetone is achieved at using 2.5 % H 2 concentration in a carrier gas. Then the product obtained at 493 K has been hydrogenated into a propylene glycol at 448 K in pure H 2 flow under 1.2 MPa. 89 % selectivity towards propylene glycol was achieved at moderate consumption of hydrogen H 2 /C 3 H 6 O 2 = 4 (mol). Two-stage conversion of glycerol into the propylene glycol at different pressure is proposed.
Time-gated single-photon detection module with 110 ps transition time and up to 80 MHz repetition rate (2014)

We present the design and characterization of a complete single-photon counting module capable of time-gating a silicon single-photon avalanche diode with ON and OFF transition times down to 110 ps, at repetition rates up to 80 MHz. Thanks to this sharp temporal filtering of incoming photons, it is possible to reject undesired strong light pulses preceding (or following) the signal of interest, allowing to increase the dynamic range of optical acquisitions up to 7 decades. A complete experimental characterization of the module highlights its very flat temporal response, with a time resolution of the order of 30 ps. The instrument is fully user-configurable via a PC interface and can be easily integrated in any optical setup, thanks to its small and compact form factor.
Cross-Domain Contrastive Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification (2022)

Despite the success of deep learning algorithms in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification, most deep learning models require a large amount of labeled data to optimize the numerous parameters. However, it is very expensive and time-consuming to collect a lot of labeled HSI samples. To cope with this problem, we propose a cross-domain contrastive learning (XDCL) framework to learn representations of HSIs in an unsupervised manner. We demonstrate that the features that are valuable for category identification are shared across the spectral and spatial domains, while the less useful contents tend to be independent. The XDCL extracts such domain-invariant information with a cross-domain discrimination task, i.e., predicting which two representations of different domains are matched. With this insight, our method learns semantically meaningful HSI representations. We develop a simple method to construct effective signals representing the two domains, respectively. Moreover, we randomly mask the signals to improve their semantic level and encourage the representations to dig out more useful abstract factors. In order to evaluate the representation quality, we use the learned representations to train a linear classifier on three hyperspectral datasets with limited labeled samples. Experimental results demonstrate that our method surpasses the state-of-the-art methods by a large margin.
Millimeter-Wave BiCMOS Backscatter Modulator for 5 G-IoT Applications (2020)

In this letter, the authors present the first millimeter-wave (mm-wave) high-order backscatter modulator, based on a BiCMOS technology for 5G/Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The design and implementation of the proposed system are described, followed by the considered characterization measurement setup. This work presents a chip that performs different orders of backscatter modulation, M-quadratic-amplitude modulation (QAM), for a wide range of operation both in frequency (20-28 GHz) as well as with multiple values of input power. Besides that, the modulator presents the lowest power consumption compared with the state of the art. An extensive estimation of error vector magnitude (EVM) values for different frequencies and modulations (16, 32, and 64-QAM) is presented. These results show that it will be possible, in a future implementation, to establish low power consumption communication links with a multigigabit data rate in a wide range of frequencies.
Optimization of growth media for enhanced production of laccase by Cryptococcus albidus and its application for bioremediation of chemicals (2013)

Cryptococcus albidus , isolated from the sediments of Century Pulp and Paper Mill, Lalkuan, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India, produced a copper containing oxidase, laccase, that was capable of degrading environmental pollutants. Bagasse was the most efficient inducer for laccase production. The Taguchi approach was used to optimize the growth media for five factors, i.e., pH, copper sulphate, carbon, nitrogen, and the inducer at four levels using an M-16 orthogonal array. The optimum conditions for laccase production were pH (6), CuSO 4 (2 mmol/L), meat peptone (0·5%), glucose (0·1%), and bagasse (1·0%). After optimization, laccase production increased seven times from 32 to 219 IU/mg. The inducer (bagasse) had maximum effect on laccase production leading to 52% increase, while pH had minimum effect with 7% increase. Growth media with laccase activity (2 U/mL) was applied for the bioremediation of dyes, effluent, and chemical compounds. These experiments showed that the growth media with laccase activity (2 U/mL) produced by Cryptococcus albidus had good potential for bioremediation of toxic and recalcitrant compounds. Further, the laccase enzyme extracted from the growth media was fractionated by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and the molecular weight of the enzyme determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS – PAGE) was found to be 64 kDa. The activity of laccase was confirmed by native PAGE, in which ABTS was used for staining gel.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon‐Based Donor‐Acceptor Compounds: Synthesis and Nonlinear Optical Characterization (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stress fields in hollow core–shell spherical electrodes of lithium ion batteries (2014)

This paper presents a comprehensive model coupling the effects of hydrostatic stress, surface/interface stress, phase transformation and the structure of electrodes. First, the governing equation of moving phase interface with hydrostatic stress is established. Under the effect of hydrostatic stress, phase transformation process is much faster, which means phase transformation time is overestimated in previous publications. Then, a cross-scale analysis is presented to investigate the size effect owing to hydrostatic stress, surface stress and interface stress separately, which concludes that the effect of hydrostatic stress is significant for the stress field in microelectrode particles, whereas that of surface/interface stress is highlighted in nano-ones. Finally, an electrochemical variable ‘efficiency’ (ratio of effective capacity over total capacity) is defined. The advantages of hollow structure electrodes on stress and efficiency are analysed. The present model is helpful for the material and structure design of electrodes of lithium ion batteries.
On the Accuracy Versus Transparency Trade-Off of Data-Mining Models for Fast-Response PMU-Based Catastrophe Predictors (2011)

In all areas of engineering, modelers are constantly pushing for more accurate models and their goal is generally achieved with increasingly complex, data-mining-based black-box models. On the other hand, model users which include policy makers and systems operators tend to favor transparent, interpretable models not only for predictive decision-making but also for after-the-fact auditing and forensic purposes. In this paper, we investigate this trade-off between the accuracy and the transparency of data-mining-based models in the context of catastrophe predictors for power grid response-based remedial action schemes, at both the protective and operator levels. Wide area severity indices (WASI) are derived from PMU measurements and fed to the corresponding predictors based on data-mining models such as decision trees (DT), random forests (RF), neural networks (NNET), support vector machines (SVM), and fuzzy rule based models (Fuzzy_DT and Fuzzy_ID3). It is observed that while switching from black-box solutions such as NNET, SVM, and RF to transparent fuzzy rule-based predictors, the accuracy deteriorates sharply while transparency and interpretability are improved. Although transparent automation schemes are historically preferred in power system control and operations, we show that, with existing modeling tools, this philosophy fails to achieve the “3-nines” accuracy figures expected from a modern power grid. The transparency and accuracy trade-offs between the developed catastrophe predictors is demonstrated thoroughly on a data base with more than 60 000 instances from a test (10%) and an actual (90%) system combined.
Antioxidant and Cell‐Signaling Functions of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Central Nervous System (2018)

Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S), a toxic gaseous molecule, plays a physiological role in regulating homeostasis and cell signaling. H<sub>2</sub>S is produced from cysteine by enzymes, such as cystathionine <i>β</i>-synthase (CBS), cystathionine <i>γ</i>-lyase (CSE), cysteine aminotransferase (CAT), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST). These enzymes regulate the overall production of H<sub>2</sub>S in the body. H<sub>2</sub>S has a cell-signaling function in the CNS and plays important roles in combating oxidative species such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the body. H<sub>2</sub>S is crucial for maintaining balanced amounts of antioxidants to protect the body from oxidative stress, and appropriate amounts of H<sub>2</sub>S are required to protect the CNS in particular. The body regulates CBS, 3MST, and CSE levels in the CNS, and higher or lower levels of these enzymes cause various neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses how H<sub>2</sub>S protects the CNS by acting as an antioxidant that reduces excessive amounts of ROS and RNS. Additionally, H<sub>2</sub>S regulates cell signaling to combat neuroinflammation and protect against central neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Problem Statement of RoCEv2 Congestion Management (2018)

On IP-routed datacenter networks, RDMA is deployed using RoCEv2
protocol. RoCEv2 specification does not define the congestion
management and load balancing methods. RoCEv2 relies on the existing
Link-Layer Flow-Control IEEE 802.1Qbb(Priority-based Flow Control,
PFC)to provide a lossless network. RoCEv2 Congestion Management(RCM)
use ECN(Explicit Congestion Notification, defined in RFC3168) to
signal the congestion to the destination and use the congestion
notification to reduce the rate of injection and increase the
injection rate when the extent of congestion decreases. More and more
practice of congestion management for RoCEv2 appear in the industry,
such as DCQCN(Data Center Quantized Congestion Notification). There is
a demanding for the new RoCE protocol(temporary alias RoCEv3) to
provide stronger congestion management and load balancing mechanisms
for RDMA deployment in modern datacenter.
Cadmium adsorption on iron oxides in the presence of alkaline-earth elements (1991)

Cadmium sorption on Fe2O3 • H2O(am) in the presence of alkaline-earth cations was investigated with emphasis on the Cd-Ca binary system. In binary-element sorption experiments with Ca, Mg, Sr, and Ba, competition was observed primarily in Cd-Ca binary mixtures, which were studied at three ionic strengths (0.5, 0.1, and 0.005 M). The extent of competition increased with increasing Ca concentration. In single-element experiments changes in ionic strength (between 0.005 and 0.5 M) did not influence Cd sorption but did affect Ca sorption, implying that a portion of the Ca surface complexes were outer sphere. The triple-layer model (TLM), using inner- and outer sphere complexation reactions, and the non-electrostatic model (NEM), incorporating only one adsorption plane, both adequately represented the adsorption of the individual elements and predicted the Cd-Ca competition at ionic strengths of 0.5 and 0.1 M. Neither model predicted the competition at 0.005 M. The NEM better simulated the shape of the measured Cd-Ca adsorption edge at all ionic strengths. The combined experimental and modeling results suggest that Cd-Ca competitive adsorption on FezO3 • H2O(am) occurs via mass action on mutually accessible surface sites.
Isobutene from Ethanol: Describing the Synergy between In2O3 and m‐ZrO2 (2019)

Abstract The performances of In 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 , ZrO 2 and In 2 O 3 were evaluated in the synthesis of isobutene from ethanol in one‐step. These catalysts were characterized by XRD, EPR, TPD‐H 2 O, TPD‐NH 3 , TPD‐ethanol and pyridine adsorption. The In 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 catalyst is a promising catalytic system for the synthesis of isobutene from ethanol. The catalytic tests showed that acetone, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are the main co‐products of this synthesis. The In 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 catalyst can promote the synthesis of isobutene due to the inter‐diffusion process between In 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 . This phenomenon generates, among others, the Zr insertion and a high concentration of anionic vacancies in the In 2 O 3 lattice. This increases the In 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 redox properties leading to a high activity of this catalyst for the acetone generation, a key intermediate of the isobutene synthesis. These changes also promote the acid and basic properties of In 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 , which are in charge of the acetaldehyde synthesis, acetone condensation and, finally, dehydration of the intermediates of the isobutene synthesis.
Red Dot Rising: Western Sentiments in Print Media Portrayals of Singapore (2011)

Singapore has seen extraordinary development in its 43 short years of “nation building. ” It has become the envy of its neighbors, by becoming a truly first-class global alpha city. From the image of the uniquely Singaporean Merlion to the Batik-clad Singapore Girl of Singapore Airlines, brand Singapore has been gaining ground in a hurry in the globalized marketplace. Yet despite its recognized efficiency in financial affairs and well-orchestrated National day parades, its ’ very success at becoming a global city – may also be an Achilles heel, as the educated younger generations start seeing a world without frontiers. As a city with an amalgam of differing worldly influences, Singaporean identity remains an elusive concept. One thing for sure is that Singaporeans are fascinated by how outsiders view their country. Over time, how others view and define Singapore ends up at least anecdotally having an agenda-setting influence of its own when served up in such a manner. How has Singapore been portrayed in Western newspapers? And what bearing can such international media portrayals have on the nation’s identity? This study explores the nature of coverage for Singapore in two international print media outlets. A content analysis methodology utilizing sentiment analysis examined the variables of visibility, valence, and frames. The Singaporean government revels in controlling its internal image via a domestic agenda with maximum efficiency and benefit to its citizens and residents in the face of globalization; however, it may not always be successful in controlling its image abroad.
Synthesis and Antiovulatory Activities in Rats of Analogs of the Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Having a Moiety of /?-(3-Quinolyl)-D-a-alanine in Positions 3 and 6 (1983)

Abstract Analogs of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) having a moiety (D-Qal-) of β-(3-quinolyl)-D-α-alanine were synthesized toward more effective inhibitors of ovulation. [N-Ac-pCl-D-Phe 1,2 , D-3-Pal 3 , D-3-Qal 6 , D-Ala 10 ]-LHRH was the most effective, and had an antiovulatory activity of 40% at 1 μg/rat. D-3-Qal 6 was as effective as D-Trp 6 in combination with N-Ac- 3 ⊿Pro 1 , pF-D-Phe 2 , D-Trp 3 . D-Arg 6 was superior to D-3-Qal 6 ) in combination with N-Ac-pCl-D-Phe 1,2 , D-Trp 3 (or D-3-Pal 3 ), D-Ala 10 . The introduction of D-3-Qal 3 , D-His 3 and D-Arg 3 in comparable analogs caused substantial loss of activities.
Risk Factors for Regrowth of Intracranial Meningiomas after Gamma Knife Radiosurgery: Importance of the Histopathological Grade and MIB-1 Index (2009)

Radiosurgery is a highly effective management option for benign intracranial meningiomas, but growth control of non-benign ones is significantly worse. It requires close neuroradiological follow-up and necessitates the search for modified treatment strategies.
Channelized model observer for the detection and estimation of signals with unknown amplitude, orientation, and size (2013)

As a task-based approach for medical image quality assessment, model observers (MOs) have been proposed as surrogates for human observers. While most MOs treat only signal-known-exactly tasks, there are few studies on signal-known-statistically (SKS) MOs, which are clinically more relevant. In this paper, we present a new SKS MO named channelized joint detection and estimation observer (CJO), capable of detecting and estimating signals with unknown amplitude, orientation, and size. We evaluate its estimation and detection performance using both synthesized (correlated Gaussian) backgrounds and real clinical (magnetic resonance) backgrounds. The results suggest that the CJO has good performance in the SKS detection-estimation task.
Seeing structure through chaos (1985)

Research in motion perception has concentrated on recognizing regularities in images due to rigid motion. However, rigid motion is only one type of motion that occurs in our world. There is also elastic motion, fluid motion, and turbulent flow. Examples of turbulent flow include clouds, waves, boiling water, rustling leaves, or flags fluttering in the wind. Fully developed turbulent flow is completely chaotic and incoherent motion. Yet, it has a regular statistical structure underlying the apparent chaos. These regularities are due to the coherence of the physical process which generates turbulence. By using image data to characterize the parameters of this process we can make useful predictions and inferences: solid/fluid, viscosity, mean flow velocity. This paper develops a fractal-based model of turbulent flow, demonstrates that turbulence can be recognized visually, and suggests how the model can be used to make inferences about the flowing fluid. The model is implemented by testing for a fractal scale-invariant regularity across space and time using linear spatiotemporal bandpass filters. These filters can also be used to measure optical flow and are similar to receptive fields in the visual cortex.