gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Switchable Dry Adhesion with Step-like Micropillars and Controllable Interfacial Contact (2016)

Dry adhesives have attracted much attention because of their repeatable and reversible attachment. Many research groups have made fruitful achievements in fabricating and designing various dry adhesives. However, most of these studies focus on imitating bioinspired geometry to achieve this smart adhesion, neglecting the contact interface control through their peeling motion. Here, we present an alternative design to achieve this switchable adhesion on the basis of controlling contact areas. This unique design includes micropillars array with large overhanging caps and a "step" located at the center line of the cap. When dragging the pillars in the direction of the upper surface of the step, the lower surface is brought into contact, rapidly yielding stronger adhesion (switched-on state). Alternatively, when dragging the pillars in the direction of the lower surface of the step, the contact areas decrease sharply, leading to weak adhesion (switched-off state). Such switchable property under strong adhesion force is exactly what many practical applications need, and the ability to achieve this property by controlling the adhesion area size presented here opens a new way to dry adhesives design.
<title>Improving the performance and usability of a wet-developable DUV resist for sub-500nm lithography</title> (1991)

Shipley XP-89131 is a wet developable negative tone DUV resist, capable of resolving features down to 0.3 micrometers when used in conjunction with the ASM- L PAS 5000/70 stepper (NA equals 0.42). Practical implementation of this material at the limit, however, is marred by several problems, notably, poor C.D. (critical dimension) control over steps, inadequate adhesion and the formation of various types of residue between features. The authors have endeavored to find means by which these effects may be reduced. Methods investigated for tackling the residue problem have included the use of metal ion free and metal ion containing developers, a comparison of puddle, immersion and spray develop processes, changes in the percentage overdevelopment employed, as well as the effect of developer temperature. Additional work has been directed towards examining the effect of post-exposure baking time. The high transparency of such resists, coupled to the high reflectivity of substrates at 248 nm, gives rise to severe C.D. control problems over topography. We examine the effectiveness and tradeoffs of two alternative approaches potentially capable of effecting an improvement. Spin coatable DUV ARC materials have been found to significantly improve C.D. control over polysilicon and aluminum topography, although the more retrograde profiles observed, in conjunction with optical proximity effects, can impose other limitations. Several beneficial side effects have been noted, however, including improved adhesion on aluminum substrates, a wider exposure window and easier stripping of the resist following dry etching. Potential yield reducing factors such as the presence of resist residues or bridges between features, are also significantly reduced during the dry development of the ARC. The alternative method of employing dyed resists has also been evaluated using both Shipley XP-90166 and XP-90174 resists. While the latter version does offer some improvements over the undyed XP-89131 material, it is not as effective as the ARC approach in controlling C.D.s over topography. It is apparent too that the resolution limit of such materials has been blunted. Finally the focus and exposure latitude has been determined for features printed on silicon, both with and without ARC. In a similar way the focus/exposure window has been determined for etched contacts.
Stochastic Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Angle- and Delay-Domain Propagation Parameters (2006)

In this paper we derive an estimator for both time-delay and angular channel propagation parameters of the diffuse scattering component that is frequently observed in channel sounding measurements. The joint angular-delay model leads to correlation matrix with high dimensionality, which prevents direct implementation of a maximum-likelihood (ML) estimator using finite precision arithmetics and finite memory resources. We derive low complexity methods for computing the ML estimates that exploit the structure of the covariance matrices. The estimator is based on a two step procedure: first, the parameters of the power delay profile are estimated, as well as measurement noise power. Then, using the estimated time-delay parameters, the parameters of the angular distributions are estimated. We present simulation results and compare the estimated time-delay and angular distributions to the actual distributions, showing that high precision estimates are obtained.
A live (delta aroA) Aeromonas salmonicida vaccine for furunculosis preferentially stimulates T-cell responses relative to B-cell responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1996)

We have previously described (L. M. Vaughan, P. R. Smith, and T. J. Foster, Infect. Immun. 61:2172-2181, 1993) the construction of a kanamycin-resistant aromatic-dependent mutant of Aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis, and its use as a live vaccine. Here we describe the construction of an unmarked aroA deletion mutant and examine the nature and magnitude of immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to this vaccine strain. Good proliferative and antibody responses were elicited by using a range of vaccine doses from 2 x 10(6) to 2 x 10(9) live bacteria per fish, and a clear vaccine dose effect was apparent. A significant positive effect of using live bacteria to prime for lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production was apparent. However, the problem of directly comparing the vaccine doses of live and killed bacterial preparations is discussed, since some replication of live bacteria in vivo is expected. Most importantly, the live vaccine preferentially stimulated enhanced T-cell responsiveness, as evidenced by significantly greater increases in T-cell proliferation than in B-cell proliferation, compared with responses by the respective cell populations from fish given a killed vaccine. The manner in which live vaccines elicit strong cell-mediated immune responses and the relevance to fish vaccine design are discussed.
Development of Inhalable ATRA-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles as Host-Directed Immunotherapy against Tuberculosis (2022)

Developing new effective treatment strategies to overcome the rise in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis cases (MDR-TB) represents a global challenge. A host-directed therapy (HDT), acting on the host immune response rather than <i>Mtb</i> directly, could address these resistance issues. We developed an HDT for targeted TB treatment, using All Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA)-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) that are suitable for nebulization. Efficacy studies conducted on THP-1 differentiated cells infected with the H37Ra avirulent <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>) strain, have shown a dose-dependent reduction in H37Ra growth as determined by the BACT/ALERT<sup>®</sup> system. Confocal microscopy images showed efficient and extensive cellular delivery of ATRA-PLGA NPs into THP-1-derived macrophages. A commercially available vibrating mesh nebulizer was used to generate nanoparticle-loaded droplets with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 2.13 μm as measured by cascade impaction, and a volumetric median diameter of 4.09 μm as measured by laser diffraction. In an adult breathing simulation experiment, 65.1% of the ATRA PLGA-NP dose was inhaled. This targeted inhaled HDT could offer a new adjunctive TB treatment option that could enhance current dosage regimens leading to better patient prognosis and a decreasing incidence of MDR-TB.
Modal behavior of a reduced scale pump-turbine impeller. Part 1: Experiments (2010)

An experimental investigation has been carried out to quantify the effects of surrounding fluid on the modal behavior of a reduced scale pump-turbine impeller. The modal properties of the fluid-structure system have been obtained by Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) with the impeller suspended in air and inside a water reservoir. The impeller has been excited with an instrumented hammer and the response has been measured by means of miniature accelerometers. The Frequency Response Functions (FRF’s) have been obtained from a large number of impacting positions in order to ensure the identification of the main mode shapes. As a result, the main modes of vibration have been well characterized both in air and in water in terms of natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shape. The first mode is the 2 Nodal Diameter (ND), the second one is the 0ND and the following ones are the 3ND coupled with the 1ND. The visual observation of the animated mode shapes and the level of the Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) have permitted to correlate the homologous modes of vibration of the fluid-structure system in air and in water. From this comparison the added mass effect on the natural frequencies and the fluid effect on the damping ratios have been quantified for the most significant modes. With the surrounding water, the natural frequencies decrease in average by 10%. On the other hand, the damping ratios increase in average by 0.5%. In any case, the damping ratio appears to decrease with the frequency value of the mode.
Electrochemical and optical studies of conjugated polymers for three primary colours (2005)

The Cyclic Voltammetry investigation and optical properties of some of the commonly used conjugated polymers for the fabrication of organic LEDs, like poly [2-methoxy 5- (2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV), poly [2,3-bis (2-ethylhexyloxy)l,4-phenylenevinylene] (BEH-PPV) and poly[(9,9'-di(2'-ethylhexyl) fluoren-2,7-yleneethynylene] (PFE) for three principal emission colours red, green and blue, respectively have been reported. Both oxidation and reduction potentials of polymers were determined under the same experimental conditions to estimate the ionization potential (I P : energy of Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) and electron affinity (E a : energy of Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital). The optical band gaps of the polymers were obtained from their optical absorption spectra. A comparative study of the electrochemical and optical bandgap of the polymers has been made. The photoluminescence (PL) of the polymers has also been studied.
The Formation of α-Chloro Sulfides from Sulfides and from Sulfoxides (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Formation of α-Chloro Sulfides from Sulfides and from SulfoxidesF. G. Bordwell and Burnett M. PittCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 3, 572–577Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01608a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01608a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1487Altmetric-Citations176LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AZD1222-induced nasal antibody responses are shaped by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlate with virologic outcomes in breakthrough infection (2022)

The nasal mucosa is an important initial site of host defense against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, intramuscularly administered vaccines typically do not achieve high antibody titers in the nasal mucosa. We measure anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA in nasal epithelial lining fluid (NELF) following intramuscular vaccination of 3,058 participants from the immunogenicity substudy of a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of AZD1222 vaccination (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04516746). IgG is detected in NELF collected 14 days following the first AZD1222 vaccination. IgG levels increase with a second vaccination and exceed pre-existing levels in baseline-SARS-CoV-2-seropositive participants. Nasal IgG responses are durable and display strong correlations with serum IgG, suggesting serum-to-NELF transudation. AZD1222 induces short-lived increases to pre-existing nasal IgA levels in baseline-seropositive vaccinees. Vaccinees display a robust recall IgG response upon breakthrough infection, with overall magnitudes unaffected by time between vaccination and illness. Mucosal responses correlate with reduced viral loads and shorter durations of viral shedding in saliva.
4-W, 100-kHz, few-cycle mid-infrared source with sub-100-mrad carrier-envelope phase noise (2017)

We demonstrate an optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier delivering 4-cycles (38-fs) pulses centered around 3.1 µm at 100-kHz repetition rate with an average power of 4 W and an undersampled single-shot carrier-envelope phase noise of 81 mrad recorded over 25 min. The amplifier is pumped by a ~1.1 ps, Yb-YAG, thin-disk regenerative amplifier and seeded with a supercontinuum generated in bulk YAG from the same pump pulses. Carrier-envelope phase stability is passively achieved through difference-frequency generation between pump and seed pulses. An additional active stabilization at 10 kHz combining 2f-to-f interferometry and a LiNbO<sub>3</sub> acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter achieves a record low phase noise.
Electronic mail (1995)

From the Publisher:
This book gives a thorough overview of the historical , technical, and social aspects of electronic mail. It provides instant access to information about group communication via distribution lists, bulletin board systems, and computer conference systems  methods of communication that are profoundly changing office environments and creating new, more efficient ways of doing business. Includes comprehensive coverage of the e-mail market, ethical and legal aspects, the latest research, and X.400 and Internet mail standards.
Identification of Azadirachtin in Tissue-Cultured Cells of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) (1997)

Abstract The natural insecticide azadirachtin (1) has been isolated from dried cells of the Neem tree (A. indica) grown in tissue culture on a synthetic medium and shown chemically to be identical with the compound isolated from the seeds of the Neem tree, by 1H NMR and mass spectra.
Protein Kinase D Regulates Trafficking of Dendritic Membrane Proteins in Developing Neurons (2008)

In non-neuronal cells, inactivation of protein kinase D (PKD) blocks fission of trans-Golgi network (TGN) transport carriers, inducing the appearance of long tubules filled with cargo. We now report on the function of PKD1 in neuronal protein trafficking. In cultured hippocampal pyramidal cells, the transferrin receptor (TfR) and the low-density receptor-related protein (LRP) are predominantly transported to dendrites and excluded from axons. Expression of kinase-inactive PKD1 or its depletion by RNA interference treatment dramatically and selectively alter the intracellular trafficking and membrane delivery of TfR- and LRP-containing vesicles, without inhibiting exit from the TGN or inducing Golgi tubulation. After PKD1 suppression, dendritic membrane proteins are mispackaged into carriers that transport VAMP2; these vesicles are distributed to both axons and dendrites, but are rapidly endocytosed from dendrites and preferentially delivered to the axonal membrane. A kinase-defective mutant of PKD1 lacking the ability to bind diacylglycerol and hence its Golgi localization does not cause missorting of TfR or LRP. These results suggest that in neurons PKD1 regulates TGN-derived sorting of dendritic proteins and hence has a role in neuronal polarity.
Influence of dose adjustment on afatinib safety and efficacy in patients (pts) with advanced EGFR mutation-positive (EGFRm+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (2016)

Background: Afatinib 40 mg/day (oral) is approved for the treatment of pts with advanced EGFRm+ NSCLC. Dose adjustment is recommended according to pre-defined tolerability criteria. We performed post-hoc analyses on the influence of afatinib dose reduction on adverse events (AEs), pharmacokinetics (PK) and progression-free survival (PFS) in the Phase III LUX-Lung 3 (LL3) trial.
Cloud‐Point Extraction and Reversed‐Phase High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants in Edible Oils (2010)

A cloud-point extraction (CPE) method using Triton X-114 (TX-114) nonionic surfactant was developed for the extraction and preconcentration of propyl gallate (PG), tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) from edible oils. The optimum conditions of CPE were 2.5% (v/v) TX-114, 0.5% (w/v) NaCl and 40 min equilibration time at 50 °C. The surfactant-rich phase was then analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection at 280 nm, using a gradient mobile phase consisting of methanol and 1.5% (v/v) acetic acid. Under the studied conditions, 4 synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) were successfully separated within 24 min. The limits of detection (LOD) were 1.9 ng mL(-1) for PG, 11 ng mL(-1) for TBHQ, 2.3 ng mL(-1) for BHA, and 5.9 ng mL(-1) for BHT. Recoveries of the SPAs spiked into edible oil were in the range 81% to 88%. The CPE method was shown to be potentially useful for the preconcentration of the target analytes, with a preconcentration factor of 14. Moreover, the method is simple, has high sensitivity, consumes much less solvent than traditional methods, and is environment-friendly. Practical Application: The method established in this article uses less organic solvent to extract SPAs from edible oils; it is simple, highly sensitive and results in no pollution to the environment.
Light-Responsive Nanocapsule-Coated Polymer Films for Antimicrobial Active Packaging (2019)

The development of antimicrobial active packaging constitutes a powerful tool to reduce waste and increase quality standards of perishable goods. Among numerous available antimicrobial agents, essential oils stand out for their renowned efficiency, and their use is beneficial due to their sustainability compared to other oil-based antimicrobials. In this work, we report on the use of photo-responsive nanocapsules containing thyme essential oil as functional coatings for polyethylene and polylactic acid films to obtain antimicrobial active packaging. Polymer surface activation treatment enhanced compatibility with nanocapsules solution. The films were analyzed to assess the structural and functional properties of the coating, evaluate morphological changes due to their photo-responsive behavior, and monitor the light-induced release of volatile thyme oil. It was found that 24 h after a 15-min UV exposure of the coated films, the concentration of thyme oil in the headspace was eight times higher with respect to un-irradiated films, thus confirming the efficiency of the light-triggered release system. Therefore, the manufactured films are proposed as on-demand release devices for application in non-contact antimicrobial active packaging.
Muographic mapping of the subsurface density structures in Miura, Boso and Izu peninsulas, Japan (2015)

While the benefits of determining the bulk density distribution of a landmass are evident, established experimental techniques reliant on gravity measurements cannot uniquely determine the underground density distribution. We address this problem by taking advantage of traffic tunnels densely distributed throughout the country. Cosmic ray muon flux is measured in the tunnels to determine the average density of each rock overburden. After analyzing the data collected from 146 observation points in Miura, South-Boso and South-Izu Peninsula, Japan as an example, we mapped out the shallow density distribution of an area of 1340 km(2). We find a good agreement between muographically determined density distribution and geologic features as described in existing geological studies. The average shallow density distribution below each peninsula was determined with a great accuracy (less than ±0.8%). We also observed a significant reduction in density along fault lines and interpreted that as due to the presence of multiple cracks caused by mechanical stress during recurrent seismic events. We show that this new type of muography technique can be applied to estimate the terrain density and porosity distribution, thus determining more precise Bouguer reduction densities.
Circulating levels of HMGB1 are correlated strongly with MD2 in HIV-infection: Possible implication for TLR4-signalling and chronic immune activation (2012)

Progressive HIV infection is characterized by profound enterocyte damage, microbial translocation and chronic immune activation. We aimed to test whether High Mobility Group Box protein 1(HMGB1), a marker of cell death, alone, or in combination with LPS, might contribute to HIV-associated immune activation and progression. Altogether, 29 untreated HIV-infected individuals, 25 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and 30 controls were included. HIV-infected patients had lower plasma LPS levels than IBD patients, but higher levels of soluble CD14 and Myeloid Differentiation (MD) 2, which interacts with TLR4 to initiate LPS-signalling. Furthermore, plasma levels of HMGB1 and MD2 were correlated directly within the HIV-infected cohort (r = 0.89, P < 0.001) and the IBD-cohort (r = 0.85, P < 0.001), implying HMGB1 signalling through the MD2/TLR4-pathway. HMGB1 and LPS, although not inter-correlated, were both moderately (r = 0.4) correlated with CD38 density on CD8+ T cells in HIV progressors. The highest levels of CD38 density and MD2 were found in progressors with plasma levels of both LPS and HMGB1 above the fiftieth percentile. Our results could imply that, in some patients, immune activation is triggered by microbial translocation, in some by cell death and in some by HMGB1 in complex with bacterial products through activation of the MD2/TLR4-pathway.
A sex-specific role for androgens in angiogenesis (2010)

Mounting evidence suggests that in men, serum levels of testosterone are negatively correlated to cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We studied the role of androgens in angiogenesis, a process critical in cardiovascular repair/regeneration, in males and females. Androgen exposure augmented key angiogenic events in vitro. Strikingly, this occurred in male but not female endothelial cells (ECs). Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism or gene knockdown abrogated these effects in male ECs. Overexpression of AR in female ECs conferred androgen sensitivity with respect to angiogenesis. In vivo, castration dramatically reduced neovascularization of Matrigel plugs. Androgen treatment fully reversed this effect in male mice but had no effect in female mice. Furthermore, orchidectomy impaired blood-flow recovery from hindlimb ischemia, a finding rescued by androgen treatment. Our findings suggest that endogenous androgens modulate angiogenesis in a sex-dependent manner, with implications for the role of androgen replacement in men.