gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isotope dependencies of Raman spectra ofB12As2,B12P2,B12O2,andB12+xC3−x:Bonding of intericosahedral chains (1997)

The structures of ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}{\mathrm{As}}_{2},$ ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}{\mathrm{P}}_{2},$ ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}{\mathrm{O}}_{2},$ and ${\mathrm{B}}_{12+x}{\mathrm{C}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}$ $(0.15&lt;x&lt;1.65)$ may each be viewed as composed of ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}$ or ${\mathrm{B}}_{11}\mathrm{C}$ icosahedra and As-As, P-P, O-O, or $({\mathrm{C}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{B}}_{y})\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{B}\ensuremath{-}({\mathrm{C}}_{1\ensuremath{-}z}{\mathrm{B}}_{z})$ intericosahedral chains. The relative stiffnesses of the chain atoms' intrachain and extrachain bonding are probed with Raman spectroscopy by measuring the boron-isotope dependence of the chains' symmetric stretching frequencies. The dependencies of chains' symmetric stretching frequencies on boron mass measures the degree to which icosahedral boron atoms are carried along in the chain atoms' motions. The absence of a measurable boron involvement in these modes for ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}$ indicates that the bonding between the two atoms of their chains is much stiffer than these atoms' bonding to icosahedral boron atoms. By contrast, substantial boron involvement in the symmetric-stretch mode of ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ indicates much softer bonding of the chain oxygen atoms to one another than to icosahedral boron atoms. The strong boron participation in the boron carbide Raman mode assigned to the symmetric stretch of CBC chains suggests relatively soft bonding between the chain's atoms. The declining intensity of this CBC-chain-stretching mode as $x$ increases from 0.15 toward 1.0 in ${\mathrm{B}}_{12+x}{\mathrm{C}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}$ is consistent with the carbon atoms being removed primarily from chains rather than from icosahedra. Other features of our Raman spectra provide complementary evidence that carbon atoms are preferentially retained in boron carbides' icosahedra rather than in its chains. In particular, strong carbon participation in Raman modes associated with vibrations of icosahedral atoms is observed at all carbon concentrations, $0.15&lt;x&lt;1.65.$
Application of the photomodulated reflectance technique to the monitoring of metal layers (2011)

Abstract Photomodulated reflectance (PMR) measurement techniques are currently used for the monitoring of ultra‐shallow junctions. This paper discusses the possibility of applying them to the characterisation of metal layers. A finite element method based computer model has been created to study the dependence of the PMR signal on different sample parameters. We present the results of these simulations and show that the method can be used to establish the thickness of a metal layer (if the material is known) and it can also provide information about the metal/semiconductor interface. This information might be used to characterise the barrier seed layer beneath the metal, by a non‐contact and non‐destructive way. Simulation results are also supported by actual measurements on test samples. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Peripheral Administration of a Humanized Anti-PrP Antibody Blocks Alzheimer's Disease Aβ Synaptotoxicity (2014)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with pathological assembly states of amyloid-β protein (Aβ). Aβ-related synaptotoxicity can be blocked by anti-prion protein (PrP) antibodies, potentially allowing therapeutic targeting of this aspect of AD neuropathogenesis. Here, we show that intravascular administration of a high-affinity humanized anti-PrP antibody to rats can prevent the plasticity-disrupting effects induced by exposure to soluble AD brain extract. These results provide an in vivo proof of principle for such a therapeutic strategy.
Analysis of GPS Pseudorange Natural Biases using a Software Receiver (2012)

High integrity safety-of-life GNSS applications such as civil aviation use a differential architecture to remove common mode system errors to achieve centimeter-level relative positioning accuracy. Errors not removed by differential GNSS include multipath, thermal noise, tropospheric and ionospheric residuals, and a type of error known as pseudorange natural biases that are caused by nominal satellite signal deformations interacting with dissimilar reference station versus user receivers. This paper reports on an analysis of pseudorange natural biases that was performed using Ohio University’s Transform-Domain Instrumentation GNSS Receiver (TRIGR) platform. Software receiver processing was used to estimate C/A code natural biases for the GPS constellation of January/February 2012 as a function of receiver correlator spacing and two representative antenna/front-end transfer functions. The impact of satellite elevation angle on observed natural biases is also reported for a few select satellites.
Protocols in Molecular Neurobiology (1992)

Neurobiologists are bound to differ in their perceptions of what the discipline of molecular neurobiology should encompass. We have taken the view that molecular neurobiology should cover any aspect of brain science that uses the techniques of modern molecular biology, though we accept the fact that classification of a technique as a "biochemical* or "molecular biological* one is in itself somewhat arbitrary. Each chapter of this volume sets out to identify a clear problem in neurobiology and to place it in its context within the literatu- i.e., indicating how the solution of the problem will advance knowledge in the field. The core of the chapter then details the approaches taken to solve the problem, in sufficient detail that the reader can appre- ate exactly why a specific strategy was adopted and how it was executed. Each chapter also includes detailed protocols providing all the inf- mation necessary to reproduce the technique and its results in any appropriately equipped laboratory
Phase shifting for nonsinusoidal waveforms with phase-shift errors (1995)

In phase measurement systems that use phase shifting techniques, phase errors that are due to nonsinusoidal waveforms can be minimized by applying synchronous phase shifting algorithms with more than four samples. However, when the phase shift calibration is inaccurate, these algorithms cannot eliminate the effects of nonsinusoidal characteristics. It is shown that, when a number of samples beyond one period of a waveform such as a fringe pattern are taken, phase errors that are due to the harmonic components of the waveform can be eliminated, even when there exists a constant error in the phase shift interval. A general procedure for constructing phase shifting algorithms that eliminate these errors is derived. It is shown that 2j + 3 samples are necessary for the elimination of the effects of higher harmonic components up to the jth order. As examples, three algorithms are derived, in which the effects of harmonic components of low orders can be eliminated in the presence of a constant error in the phase shift interval.
Nonlinear residual acoustic echo suppression for high levels of harmonic distortion (2008)

Linear adaptive filters are often used for acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) but sometimes fail to perform well in notebook computers and inexpensive telephony devices. Low-quality speakers and poorly-designed enclosures that produce vibrations often generate harmonic distortion, and this nonlinear effect degrades the performance of linear AEC algorithms considerably. In this work, we present a new AEC architecture that consists of a linear, subband adaptive AEC filter followed a nonlinear residual echo suppression (RES) stage specifically designed to address harmonic distortion. In addition to suppressing the residual echo in the primary subband, the proposed model also suppresses the residual echo in a window of bands surrounding the higher order harmonics. Results show considerable improvement over other proposed algorithms, and the new algorithm has much lower implementation costs compared to nonlinear AEC models based on Volterra filters and a previously proposed, nonlinear residual echo suppression algorithm.
Fluorescent Metal Nanoshells: Lifetime-Tunable Molecular Probes in Fluorescent Cell Imaging (2011)

We reported the preparation of lifetime-tunable fluorescent metal nanoshells and used them as lifetime imaging agents for potential detection of multiple target molecules by a single cell imaging scan. These metal nanoshells were generated to have 40 nm silica cores and 10 nm silver shells. Three kinds of metal-ligand complexes tris(5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) (Ru(NH(2)-Phen)(3) (2+)), tris(2,2'-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)(3) (2+)), and tris(2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine))ruthenium(II) (Ru(dpp)(3) (2+)) that have similar excitation and emission wavelengths but different lifetimes were respectively encapsulated in the cores of metal nanoshells for the purpose of fluorescence. Compared with the metal-free silica spheres, these metal nanoshells were found to display enhanced emission intensities and shortened lifetimes due to near-field interactions of Ru(II) complexes with the metal shells. The shortened lifetimes of these metal nanoshells were definitely unique relevant to the Ru(II) complexes: 10 ns for the Ru(Phen-NH(2))(3) (2+)-Ag nanoshells, 45 ns for the Ru(bpy)(3) (2+)-Ag nanoshells, and 200 ns for the Ru(dpp)(3) (2+)-Ag nanoshells. These lifetimes were longer than the lifetime of cellular autofluorescence (2 - 5 ns), so the emission signals of these metal nanoshells could be distinctly isolated from the cellular background on the lifetime cell images. Moreover, these lifetimes were also different from one another, resulting in the emission signals of three metal nanoshells could be distinguished from one another on the cell images. This feature may offer an opportunity to detect multiple target molecules in a single cell imaging scan when the metal nanoshells are bound with various targets in the cells.
Relative intensity noise dynamics in supercontinuum generation with varying repetition rates for multi-modal imaging applications (Conference Presentation) (2020)

An all-fiberized tunable repetition rate (50kHz-10MHz) SC source for photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) is developed. OCT is a scattering based imaging technique, requiring low spectral noise. Noise level requirement in OCT is usually mitigated using high repetition rate (MHz) laser sources. On the other hand, PAM is a hybrid imaging modality based on optical absorption that requires high pulse energies, thus, sources operating at lower repetition rates (kHz) are preferred. Nevertheless, it is always important to quantify and understand the RIN dynamics of the SC sources for good quality PAM and OCT images.
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Efficacy (1993)

Intensified efforts to improve pneumococcal vaccine coverage among certain populations for whom vaccination is currently recommended is indicated, but universal revaccination is not warranted at this time.
Increased incidence of cancer in first degree relatives of women with double primary carcinomas of the breast and colon. (1996)

Breast and colon cancer are among the most common cancers in the developed world. Several epidemiological studies suggest that the occurrence of one of these two cancers in a woman may predispose to the development of the other. The occurrence of both forms of cancer in the same woman may be because of chance or common susceptibility. In order to determine how frequently double primary cancers have a hereditary basis, we conducted a registry based study at a single Montreal hospital. Cancer rates in first degree relatives of patients with multiple primaries were compared with provincial age standardised incidence rates and relative risks (RRs) were estimated. In first degree relatives under 45 there was a total of 15 cancers observed, compared with 3.70 expected, giving an RR of 4.05 (95% CI: 2.27-6.68). The RR for colon cancer was significantly increased among male relatives. For relatives less than 45 years old at diagnosis, the RR for colon cancer was 66.7 (95% CI: 13.8-195) (three cases observed, 0.045 expected). For all ages the RR was 5.02 (95% CI: 2.04-10.5). The RR for breast cancer was 5.92 (95% CI: 1.91-13.8) for female relatives under 45 (five cases observed, 0.845 expected) and 2.14 (95% CI: 1.07-3.83) for breast cancer at any age. These results suggest that there may be genes that predispose to both breast and colon cancer in certain people.
Allylic oxidation of olefins by mercuric acetate (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAllylic oxidation of olefins by mercuric acetateZvi Rappoport, S. Winstein, and W. G. YoungCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7, 2320–2329Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00762a025Request reuse permissionsArticle Views489Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selective Thoracic Fusion in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2011)

When performing a selective thoracic fusion of Lenke type 1B, 1C, and 3C AIS curves in which the SV was at/or below the EV, the greatest correction of the main thoracic and compensatory lumbar curves occurred when the LIV was at/or at least one level distal to the SV. This more distal LIV did not result in an increased rate of truncal imbalance.
Applications of Blockchain Technology for Data-Sharing in Oncology: Results from a Systematic Literature Review (2019)

This paper presents a systematic literature review, aiming to analyze the motivations, advantages, and limitations, as well as barriers and future challenges faced when applying the state-of-the-art distributed ledger technology in oncology. We then discuss its outcomes and propose the direction of the future research that can help to attain integration and adoption of the BCT for data-sharing, medical research, and the pharmaceutical supply chain in oncology, as well as in healthcare in general. Key Messages:BCT has the potential to enhance data-sharing (for primary care and medical research), as well as to attain optimization of the pharmaceutical supply chain by bringing properties such as transparency, traceability, and immutability to the applications. However, BCT itself cannot guarantee data privacy and security. Thus, it is never proposed as a stand-alone technology, but as a combined technology with cryptographic techniques. Regardless of the number of existing prototypes of blockchain-based healthcare systems, due to the existing barriers of the adoption (e.g., legal, social, and technological limitations), there is a lack of evaluation in real-world settings. Aiming to overcome these limitations, we propose future research directions that include design of the privacy-preserving hybrid data storage, interoperable infrastructures and architecture, and are compliant with the international laws and regulations.
A report of 46 unrecorded bacterial species in Korea belonging to the classes Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria (2019)

Jung, Hye Su, Yoon, Jung-Hoon, Kim, Seung-Bum, Yi, Hana, Cho, Jang-Cheon, Joh, Kiseong, Cha, Chang-Jun, Seong, Chi-Nam, Bae, Jin-Woo, Im, Wan-Taek, Kim, Myung Kyum, Jeon, Soon Dong Lee and Che Ok (2019): A report of 46 unrecorded bacterial species in Korea belonging to the classes Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria. Journal of Species Research 8 (2): 161-175, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2019.8.2.161
Influence of convection and aerosol pollution on ice cloud particle effective radius (2010)

Abstract. Satellite observations show that ice cloud effective radius (re) increases with ice water content (IWC) but decreases with aerosol optical thickness (AOT). Using least-squares fitting to the observed data, we obtain an analytical formula to describe the variations of re with IWC and AOT for several regions with distinct characteristics of re-IWC-AOT relationships. As IWC directly relates to convective strength and AOT represents aerosol loading, our empirical formula provides a means to quantify the relative roles of dynamics and aerosols in controlling re in different geographical regions, and to establish a framework for parameterization of aerosol effects on re in climate models.
The Use of Acoustic Rhinometry in Predicting Outcomes after Sinonasal Surgery (2000)

Today's healthcare environment demands objective assessment of surgical outcomes. The recent otolaryngologic literature has established acoustic rhinometry (AR) as a valid instrument to objectively document nasal patency. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the utility of AR in predicting outcomes after sinonasal surgery. All patients scheduled for sinonasal surgery at the Tulane University and University of Mainz Departments of Otolaryngology between 10/1/98 and 12/15/98 were enrolled. All subjects underwent AR and completed a sinonasal outcome survey (SNOT-20) one day before and two months after their surgical procedure. Thirty-one patients were enrolled. The SNOT-20 raw scores improved from a mean of 7.93 (+/- 3.78) preoperatively to 3.35 (+/- 2.33) postoperatively (p < 0.05). The I-notch revealed no significant change postoperatively. The mean bilateral predecongestion C-notch increased from 1.257 cm2 to 1.451 cm2 (p < 0.05). Patients with a bilateral C-notch > 1 cm2 were 1.96 times more likely to have a five-point improvement in the SNOT-20 raw score (95% CI = 1.17, 3.27). The mean value of the C-notch is significantly altered (increased) as a result of sinonasal surgery. Patients with a preoperative cross-sectional area < 1 cm2 are less likely to report large postoperative subjective improvement. These results indicate that patients with poor geometry at the area of the C-notch do not fare as well surgically as those with better preoperative measurements.
Direct-write maskless lithography of LBL nanocomposite films and its prospects for MEMS technologies (2012)

Application of nanocomposites in MEMS, flexible electronics, and biomedical devices is likely to demonstrate new performance standards and resolve a number of difficult technical problems enabled by the unique combinations of electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. This study explores the possibility of making microscale nanocomposite patterns using the fusion of two highly versatile techniques: direct-write maskless UV patterning and layer-by-layer assembly (LBL). Together they can be applied to the production of a wide variety of nanostructured coatings with complex patterns. Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) and gold nanoparticle LBL nanocomposites assembled with chitosan (CH) were made into prototypical patterns such as concentric helices and bus-line-and-stimulation-pads (BLASPs) used in flexible antennas and neuroprosthetic devices. The spatial resolution of the technique was established with the standard line grids to be at least 1 μm. Gold nanoparticle films revealed better accuracy and higher resolution in direct-write patterning than SWNT composites, possibly due to the granular rather than fibrous nature of the composites. The conductivity of the patterned composites was 6.45 × 10(-5)Ω m and 3.80 × 10(-6)Ω m at 20 °C for nanotube and nanoparticle composites, respectively; in both cases it exceeds electrical parameters of similar composites. Fundamental and technological prospects of nanocomposite MEMS devices in different areas including implantable biomedical, sensing, and optical devices are discussed.
Comments on recent reports on infrared spectral detection of disease markers in blood components (2018)

The search for disease markers in whole blood, or easily accessible blood components by spectral methods is a highly important aspect in the field of biophotonic research for disease diagnostics and screening, since it promises a minimally invasive approach to assess an individual's state of health. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, in particular, promises to be a fast, inexpensive method to search for markers of disease, since it detects variation in the proteome, lipidome and metabolome of biofluids, or activation of immune cells. However, the analysis of any materials by spectral methods is confounded by external factors such as those related to sample deposition and data acquisition, and by inherent variations in blood plasma concentration of small molecules (lactate, carbonate, phosphate, glucose) that varies between individual subjects and even for a given individual, as a function of time. Furthermore, observed differences in spectral patterns between patient samples and the control group may be due to the body's immune response (in particular, to the albumin to globulin ratio) and therefore, may not be specific to disease. These factors need to be accounted for in any effort to reliably detect much smaller variations in the concentration of disease-specific markers.
XMM-Newton and Chandra Observations of Neutron Stars and Cataclysmic Variables in the Globular Cluster NGC 2808 (2007)

Abstract We report on XMM- Newton and Chandra observations of the globular cluster NGC 2808. We detect one quiescent low mass X-ray binary of the 3±1 expected, if these systems are formed through encounters, and we show evidence for the presence of 20±10 bright cataclysmic variables in the core with a luminosity above 4×10 31 erg s −1 . We also review the specific nature of cataclysmic variables in globular clusters with reference to recent VLT/FORS1 observations of a cataclysmic variable in M 22.
Electric field gradients and charge density in corundum, α-Al2O3 (1982)

The charge density in α-Al2O3 has been refined with respect to X-ray structure factors [complete spheres for both Mo Kα and Ag Kα radiations with (sin θ/λ)max = 1.19 and 1.495 Å-1 respectively] and electric-field gradient tensors at both atomic sites, using Hirshfeld- type deformation functions. Atomic charges from a κ refinement are + 1.32 (5) for Al and -0.88 (8) e for O. The charge distribution of O is polarized towards the four Al neighbours, and metal-metal bonds are clearly absent. Quadrupole coupling constants and asymmetry parameters of the field-gradient tensors cannot be determined from the structure factors. They define the quadrupolar deformations near the atomic centers, and the X-ray data define the charge density between the atoms. The orientational parameters of the tensors and the signs of their largest eigenvalues can be qualitatively retrieved from the X-ray data. The refinement of anisotropic secondary-extinction parameters may, however, destroy this information. Refinement with respect to the field gradients affects mainly the quadrupolar deformation terms, and has little influence on the X-ray scale factor (i.e. monopolar terms) and computed electrostatic fields (i.e. dipolar terms). Properties of the charge density with different angular symmetries are thus only weakly correlated.