gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiplex cell microarrays for high-throughput screening (2016)

Microarray technology was developed in the early 1990s to measure the transcription levels of thousands of genes in parallel. The basic premise of high-density arraying has since been expanded to create cell microarrays. Cells on chip are powerful experimental tools for high-throughput and multiplex screening of samples or cellular functions. Miniaturization increases assay throughput while reducing both reagent consumption and cell population heterogeneity effect, making these systems attractive for a wide range of assays, from drug discovery to toxicology, stem cell research and therapy. It is usual to functionalize the surface of a substrate to design cell microarrays. One form of cell microarrays, the transfected cell microarray, wherein plasmid DNA or siRNA spotted on the surface of a substrate is reverse-transfected locally into adherent cells, has become a standard tool for parallel cell-based analysis. With the advent of technology, cells can also be directly spotted onto functionalized surfaces using robotic fluid-dispensing devices or printed directly on bio-ink material. We are providing herein an overview of the latest developments in optical cell microarrays allowing high-throughput and high-content analysis.
Abstract 61 (2015)

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK
Presenilin-1/γ-Secretase Controls Glutamate Release, Tyrosine Phosphorylation, and Surface Expression of N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) Subunit GluN2B (2013)

Abnormally high concentrations of extracellular glutamate in the brain may cause neuronal damage via excitotoxicity. Thus, tight regulation of glutamate release is critical to neuronal function and survival. Excitotoxicity is caused mainly by overactivation of the extrasynaptic NMDA receptor (NMDAR) and results in specific cellular changes, including calcium-induced activation of calpain proteases. Here, we report that presenilin-1 (PS1) null mouse cortical neuronal cultures have increased amounts of calpain-dependent spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs) compared with WT cultures. NMDAR antagonists blocked accumulation of SBDPs, suggesting abnormal activation of this receptor in PS1 null cultures. Importantly, an increase in SBDPs was detected in cultures of at least 7 days in vitro but not in younger cultures. Conditioned medium from PS1 null neuronal cultures at 8 days in vitro contained higher levels of glutamate than medium from WT cultures and stimulated production of SBDPs when added to WT cultures. Use of glutamate reuptake inhibitors indicated that accumulation of this neurotransmitter in the media of PS1 null cultures was due to increased rates of release. PS1 null neurons showed decreased cell surface expression and phosphorylation of the GluN2B subunit of NMDAR, indicating decreased amounts of extrasynaptic NMDAR in the absence of PS1. Inhibition of γ-secretase activity in WT neurons caused changes similar to those observed in PS1 null neurons. Together, these data indicate that the PS1/γ-secretase system regulates release of glutamate, tyrosine phosphorylation, and surface expression of GluN2B-containing NMDARs.
Framework for Coupling Room Air Models to Heat Balance Model Load and Energy Calculations (RP-1222) (2004)

Most energy and load calculation procedures have assumed that room air is well mixed, which may lead to significant errors in sizing HVAC systems, estimating building energy use, and predicting thermal comfort for buildings with buoyancy-driven room airflow. This investigation has developed a framework and computer code for coupling detailed air models with building energy and load calculations as an extension to the ASHRAE Toolkit for Building Load Calculations. Two nodal models and a momentum-zonal model were selected for testing the coupling framework in a program for hourly load calculations of a single thermal zone. The heat balance model for load and energy calculations is reformulated to use zone air temperature as a variable defined separately for each surface. Air system flow rates are determined using air model predictions for temperature at the air system returns and a room air control location. The effect of air models on sensible load was found to be minor except when aggressive diurnal thermal mass strategies were involved. Nodal models appear practical to implement in load and energy programs and should improve results for air system flow rate and return air temperatures. Results show increases of about a factor of four in computing time for nodal models compared to the well-mixed model. Computing time is increased by two orders with the three-dimensional momentum-zonal model.
Allergy to <i>Dermatophagoides</i> in a Group of Spanish Gypsies: Genetic Restrictions (2001)

Our results do not show any association between asthma and the genetic loci studied although they do suggest the existence of multiple genetic influences on the allergic response in these families.
Conjugated polymers with cationic iridium(iii) complexes in the side-chain for flash memory devices utilizing switchable through-space charge transfer (2012)

Polycarbazole and polyfluorene containing cationic iridium(III) complexes in the side-chain have been designed and synthesized. Both polymers have been demonstrated to show conductance switching behavior and non-volatile flash memory devices based on them were successfully realized, in which the formation and dissociation of through-space charge-transfer states from the conjugated polymer “sea” to the Ir(III) complex “island”, controlled by voltage, are responsible for the conductance switching behavior and memory effect. The devices exhibit low reading, writing, and erasing voltages and a high ON/OFF current ratio. Both ON and OFF states are stable up to 107 read cycles at a read voltage of −1.0 V. Due to the different chemical structures of the polymer main-chain, the two devices show different threshold voltages. The polycarbazole derivative exhibits higher HOMO and LUMO levels compared with the polyfluorene analogue. Thus, the threshold voltage from the OFF to ON state of the device based on the polycarbazole derivative is obviously lower than that of the polyfluorene derivative-based device because of the low energy barrier between the work function of the ITO anode and the HOMO level of the polycarbazole derivative. Similarly, the threshold voltage from the ON to OFF state is evidently higher because the energy barrier of electron injection from Al into the LUMO of the polycarbazole derivative is slightly higher than that of the polyfluorene analogue. Thus, the threshold voltages of memory devices may be rationally modulated by modifying the chemical structure of polymers.
Abstract 2466: Characterization and development of on-target Mcl-1 inhibitors; BH3 profiling provides a valuable drug discovery tool. (2013)

Abstract Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins are central to the regulation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and as such constitute an important group of targets with great potential as oncology therapeutics. The Bcl-2 family protein Mcl-1 has been demonstrated to facilitate survival and chemoresistance in multiple myeloma, AML, and other cancers, and agents which affect this pathway have become highly sought after. Currently, however, no therapies exist which directly target Mcl-1. We have identified compounds that target Mcl-1 which may be characterized as both Mcl-1-selective and pan-Mcl-1/Bcl-2 inhibitors. This effort has been facilitated by utilization of the BH3 profiling technology to guide SAR. This assay allows for determination of the mitochondrial priming state of both cell culture samples and primary patient samples. We have demonstrated a correlation between myeloma and leukemia cell line response to treatment with our inhibitors and the mitochondrial priming state of such cell lines. Such correlations have also been shown with respect to the extent of cytochrome C release. In the case of the selective Mcl-1 inhibitor, we have shown that cytochrome C release occurs preferentially in leukemia cell lines which are highly primed for Mcl-1 rather than Bcl-2. In addition, our Mcl-1 selective inhibitor demonstrates enhanced cell killing ability in leukemia cells which have been engineered to selectively express Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL. Our current lead candidate possesses excellent drug-like properties and displays impressive efficacy in a multiple myeloma disseminated xenograft model. This work demonstrates the utility of the BH3 profiling assay as providing a functional biomarker for drug discovery tool and its ability to validate the on-target activity of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 inhibitors. Citation Format: David J. Richard, Nicole Carlson, William Pierceall, Ryan Lena, Thomas Bannister, Peter Hodder, Timothy Spicer, Michael Andreeff, Joseph Opferman, Brian Koss, Andrew Kung, Michael Cardone. Characterization and development of on-target Mcl-1 inhibitors; BH3 profiling provides a valuable drug discovery tool. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2466. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2466
Preparation of heteronuclear organometallic clusters using ruthenium propargyl and allenyl complexes / (1990)

I2 promoterThis type of synergistic effect is also observed in various other catalytic systems.For, example, mixed mthenium-rhodium catalysts have been reported to be effective catalysts for ethylene glycol production from carbon monoxide and hydrogen.6Also, selective synthesis of acetic acid can be achieved by a homogeneous ruthenium-cobalt bimetallic catalyst system.4Many ruthenium-containing compounds are catalytically active.7 Several ruthenium complexes supported on alumina show catalytic activity in the reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen to methane.6The hydrogenation of pentynes and pentadienes is catalyzed by mixed ruthenium-iron clusters on yalumina.9The activity of the mixed metal catalysts increased with an increase in the percentage of ruthenium.The heteronuclear organometallic complex, CpNiRu3 (p-H)3 <CO)g was found to catalyze the hydrogenation of the terminal double bond of conjugated dienes and certain m onoenes.10In addition to the catalytic chemistry of ruthenium complexes, some very interesting organic transformations have been observed in various dinuclear ruthenium systems with bridging hydrocarbyl ligands.Knox, et.al. reported the transformation of a bridging vinylidene ligand to a bridging ketene ligand and then to a bridging methylene ligand (Eq.2).11Oxidation of the p-vinylidene complex (A) by AgBF4 forms the p-ethynyt cationic complex (B) through proton ejection from the dication of (A).Chromatography of this cationic species results in the net addition of OH* to the bridging ligand to give the bridging ketene species (C), which readily rearranges at room temperature to the bridging formylmethylene complex (D).'2 J r H , 1 5 .O (1H each, CH2); 4.61 s (5H, Cp) 13C{1H} NMR (CDCI3 ): 206.9 s, J r C -38.4 (Ru-CO); 168.01,J PC -2.5 <-C); 136.2 dd, ^p c -43.4, 3 J r c 2 .2, J r C -1 8 ,135.4dd,1JPC -45.9, 3J PC -2 .2, J r c -35 (ipso C's of 2 different Ph); 134.3 d, Jpc -12.4,J r c 30, 133.8 d, Jpc -1 2 .5 , J r c 30 (meta C's); 129.3 d, J Pc -1.1,129.2d, Jpc -1 5 (para C's); 127.7 d, J Pc * 6.9, 127.5 d, J Pc -6 .6 (ortho C's); 114.7 d, JpC -84.7,J r c -725 (-CH); 95.6 d, Jpc -3.1, J r c -36.5 (CH2); 82.3 s (Cp) 13C NMR (CDCI3): 206,9 s, J r c -38.4 (Ru-CO); 168.0 s (=C), 126.2 -136.6 m (Ph); 114.7 dd, Jch -161, Jpc -84.7 (*CH); 9 5 .6 1, JCh -160 (=CH2); 82.3 d of quintets,1J -176.0,2J -6.9 (Cp) 31P (1H) NMR (benzene-sfe): 2 7 .6d, J PP 4.1, J r p -2 8 5 3 ; 2 1 .0d, Jpp 4.1, Jr P 3 5 6 2 3 1 P(1H} NMR (CDCI3): 27.7 d, J PP -4.3, J r p -2852; 2 1 .8 d, J PP -4.3, J r p -3620 C(3)-Ru-C(4) C(3)-Ru-C{7) F-RU-C< 4> C(4)-Ru-C() f *-ruc () C(4)-Ru-C() c < a ) -R u -c ( e ) C(2)-Ru-C(l) C(7)-RU-C(10) C(9)-RU~C<10)
CURRENT POSSIBILITIES AND POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULAR ENTEROVIRUS SURVEILLANCE. EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION (2018)

Abstract. Enteroviruses are small RNA viruses, which are ubiquitous and commonly cause outbreaks with various clinical manifestations. In 2006, the Program on enterovirus surveillance was approved in the Russian Federation. Over the last years, molecular-biological and bioinformatics methods for enterovirus epidemiology studies have been developed both in Russia and worldwide. Currently, identification of enteroviruses is carried out by analyzing nucleotide sequence of the full-length VP1 genome region (ca. 900 nt). Routinely, it is sufficient to obtain a partial VP1 genome region sequence (ca. 300 bp) for enteroviruse verification in most cases; however, a more stringent type criterion of 80% sequence identity should be used compared to the 75% sequence identity cut-off for the complete VP1 genome region. Further sequence analysis may be performed by using Bayesian phylogenetic methods, which allow using molecular clock to trace outbreak emergence. Enteroviruses accumulate about 0.5–1% nucleotide substitutions per year. Therefore, a short genome fragment may be used to analyze virus phylodynamics at the level of international transfers and circulating virus variants. On a shorter timescale, a full-length VP1 genome region or a complete genome sequence are preferred for investigating molecular epidemiology, because a short sequence allows to reliably distinguish not more than 1–2 transmission events per year. Thus, determining enterovirus sequences for full-length VP1 genome region or full-genome sequence is preferred for examining viral outbreaks. It is increasingly apparent that analyzing available enterovirus nucleotide sequences reveals limitations related to uneven surveillance efficacy in various countries and short length of genome fragment measured in routine control. As a result, a proper global-scale analysis of enterovirus molecular epidemiology remains problematic. Over the last 20 years, the number of available enterovirus nucleotide sequences increased by hundred times, but understanding emergence of enterovirus infection outbreaks remains limited. Further development of enterovirus surveillance would require new methods for sewage monitoring, affordable high-throughput sequencing and harmonization of global surveillance systems.
Kinetics of carbamate formation and breakdown (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of carbamate formation and breakdownMichael CaplowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 24, 6795–6803Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01026a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01026a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6839Altmetric-Citations1074LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cortisol Response in Healthy and Diseased Dogs after Stimulation with a Depot Formulation of Synthetic ACTH (2015)

The depot formulation can be used in place of the short-acting ACTH to evaluate the adrenocortical reserve. Blood for peak cortisol concentrations should be drawn 3 hours after stimulation in cases in which HC is suspected; in HA-suspected cases, blood sampling can take place after 1 hour. As the stimulatory effect is gone after 24 hours, interference with other hormonal tests is unlikely after that time.
Electrical properties and crystal structure of barium tantalum sulfide, BaTaS3 (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrical properties and crystal structure of barium tantalum sulfide, BaTaS3Richard A. Gardner, Marcus Vlasse, and Aaron WoldCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1969, 8, 12, 2784–2787Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50082a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50082a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views491Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Survey of Artemia Resources of Southwest Siberia (Russian Federation) (2009)

This article reports on a field survey conducted in salt lakes in southwest Siberia in the period 2000–2003. A total of 46 lakes were sampled; the highest sampling effort was made in the Kurgan region. Data were collected on general topography, salinity, ion composition, and temperature regime. Primary production was assessed by measuring water transparency and by determining phytoplankton species composition and density. The survey focused on the local Artemia populations: cyst and naupliar biometrics and adult morphometrics, and study of population dynamics. Based on these field data, an estimation was made of the available standing crop of cysts. Generally, the Artemia salt lakes in southwest Siberia are relatively small and shallow, and thus subject to major seasonal and annual fluctuations. In extreme conditions, they may temporarily turn into brackish water bodies or nearly entirely desiccate. Production (both primary and secondary) is generally low or moderate, except for relatively deep Bolshoye Yarovoye lake (Altay area). However, because of the high number of lakes, the area has commercial importance to cover a portion of the domestic need for Artemia cysts. Parthenogenetic populations dominate in the area; the species status of the few bisexual populations still needs to be established.
DROP SIZE MODIFICATION IN BLACK LIQUOR SPRAYS FROM COMMERCIAL NOZZLES USING PULSED FLOW (1997)

Improved operation of kraft recovery boilers is expected to result from knowing how to obtain a controlled, well-defined droplet size distribution issuing from the black liquor spray nozzle. Black liquor drop size data were obtained from an environmentally acceptable spray facility capable of delivering liquor at normal firing temperatures using commercial nozzles. Image analysis techniques were developed from high-speed video images which gave good two-dimensional representations of black liquor sprays. Previous work showed that black liquor sprays have a characteristic size distribution which is determined by the fluid mechanical forces breaking up the liquid sheet issuing from the nozzle. This work has centered on applying flow pulsation as an independently controlled force on the sheet breakup process in an attempt to change the drop size distribution. Experiments are described which feature controlled frequency flow pulsations. Results are presented which show the dependence of median drop size on pulsation frequencies up to 450 Hz.
New developments in the pre- and post-exposure treatment of rabies. (1991)

Two approaches have been made to develop the alleged "second generation rabies vaccines". One utilizes recombinant DNA, expressing the G protein gene in a heterotypic host, the vaccinia virus, and has proven efficacious in protecting animals from rabies infection. The second approach posits that only a portion of the native viral antigen may be required to induce protective response. To define regions of the subunit molecule recognized by different immune effectors, epitopes on the G protein and nucleoprotein were identified which are recognized by B and T cells. These epitopes were delineated using chemically or enzymatically cleaved fragments of the native antigens or overlapping synthetic peptides covering the entire antigenic amino acid sequence. Protein fragments or synthetic peptides evincing antigenic activity were tested for ability to induce virus-specific immune responses in vivo. Immunization with synthetic peptides carrying epitopes for B and T cells conferred solid protection against lethal rabies virus infection.
Blasensäulen‐Reaktoren (1979)

Abstract Bubble column reactors. Bubble columns and their state of development have been reviewed on numerous occasions in recent years. As an extension, this paper deals with bubble column reactors from an industrial point of view. The numerous forms of construction and modes of operation in industry can be reduced to relatively few fundamental types. Since the computerized design of bubble columns is presently restricted to a few partial processes, experience in the choice of a particular type column still plays an important role. The article deals, inter alia, with reactors (gas distribution, gas‐ and liquid‐feeds, gas separation, heat extraction), selection criteria for construction and for operating conditions, practical experience, and some specific forms of operation. Some problems still requiring scientific investigation are outlined.