gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: PROBLEMS OF STEREOSELECTIVITY IN SERIES OF BENCHROTRENE: REDUCTION OF ENDO‐ AND EXO‐α‐ AND β‐SUBSTITUTED INDANONE CHROMIUM TRICARBONYLS BY SODIUM AND POTASSIUM BOROHYDRIDES. STEREOSPECIFICITY OF THE REACTION AND SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS (1982)

Abstract Die substituierten Alkylindanontricarbonylchrom‐Komplexe (I) werden in protonenhaltigen Lösungsmitteln wie Isopropanol durch Natrium‐ und ,Kaliumborhydrid stereospezifisch zu endo‐Alkoholen (II) reduziert.
Dynamic security credentials PANA-based provisioning for IoT smart objects (2015)

The integration of physical devices into the Internet infrastructure raises significant security concerns, since many of the assumptions of the current Internet cannot be maintained in the so-called IoT. Due to the scale and requirements of these devices, the IoT should provide automated and self-managing mechanisms coping with security requirements during the life-cycle of smart objects, in order to foster the deployment of IoT scenarios. In this direction, this work addresses the bootstrapping of a smart object as a crucial stage in its lifecycle, through the use and extension of PANA as an IoT bootstrapping protocol, to enable a security credentials provisioning phase for secure M2M communications. Additionally, a set of initial evaluation results is also provided as part of our ongoing work in this area.
Physicochemical properties of cellulose nanocrystals treated by photo‐initiated chemical vapour deposition (PICVD) (2016)

Abstract Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are novel nanomaterials produced by the pulp and paper industry. The surface properties of CNCs are key factors for their dispersion in solvents. These polar materials disperse readily in water, but not in organic solvents. The ability to disperse into typically non‐polar organic matrices is an indispensable requirement to exploit the growing market for nanocomposite materials. We present an innovative approach for modifying the surface of CNCs through scalable, gas‐phase photo‐initiated chemical vapour deposition (PICVD). Using syngas as a treatment precursor, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique to render the surface of the CNCs compatible with mildly polar and non‐polar solvents, evidenced by contact angle measurements. Further proof of this successful modification is given through dispersion assays, showing for example the ability to disperse treated CNC in toluene (whereas untreated samples do not disperse). Suspensions in organic solvents remain stable in excess of two weeks. Chemical characterization through XPS and FTIR confirms the presence of an oxygen‐containing coating on the CNC surface.
Exploiting Poroelastic Effects and Permeability Contrasts to Control Fracture Orientation (1994)

Abstract This paper demonstrates how poroelastic effects, acting in combination with anisotropic permeabilities (i.e. a vertical permeability that is less than the horizontal permeability), will typically favour reorientation of a propagating fracture from vertical to horizontal. The paper includes examples of fracture reorientation using a specially adapted finite element code that can model curved fracture propagation.
Multiple sclerosis registries in Europe – results of a systematic survey (2014)

The detailed information on a large number of national MS registries in Europe is a prerequisite to facilitating harmonized integration of existing data from MS registries and databases, as well as comprehensive analyses and comparison across European populations.
Considerations for changing PRNT Dengue 4 reference viruses: sub- optimal immunity to documented infections (2012)

Background: The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is considered to be the “gold standard” to characterize and quantify circulating levels of anti-dengue virus (DENV) neutralizing antibody. The PRNT is used to define the immunogenicity of dengue vaccine candidates, support dengue seroepidemiologic and pathogenesis studies. Despite numerous efforts to standardize the assay and normalize data to better compare data between studies and natural and vaccine infections, there are several sets of reference viruses around the world. Methods: The Armed Forces Institute of Medical Sciences in Bangkok utilizes DENV-1 (16007), DENV-2 (16681), DENV-3 (16562) and DENV-4 (1036) reference strains. In 2006 the dominate serotype in circulation in Thailand was DENV-4. In cohort studies we observed poor or absent PRNT titers using the 1036 DENV 4, genotype 3 strain (originally isolated in 1976 in Indonesia) to documented DENV-4 infections. New candidate DENV-4 reference viruses were selected from isolates collected in the last 10 years. These viruses were tested using a bank of sera from documented DENV-4 infections including homologous sera from the individuals from which the strains were isolated. A candidate reference strain was selected based on PRNT titers achieved, low cross reactivity, and the ability of the virus to produce large well-formed plaques. More than 300 samples were tested with the old and new reference virus. Results: Geometric mean titers were increased 4.2 fold. Using the new reference virus enabled identification of additional inapparent infections in cohort studies and has enhanced our ability characterize the DENV-4 immune response. Conclusion: This study illustrates the need to continuously monitor the performance of viral strains in reference assays. Furthermore, this data suggests that dengue viral evolution may have a profound effect on tests that utilize reference strains.
Power Electronic Transformer application to grid connected photovoltaic systems (2009)

Grid-connected photovoltaic systems utilize static converters which influence the efficiency of the system. The energy conversion depends on the architecture of the converter, different solutions are available and H-bridge multilevel converters seem to be an optimal solution also for the power quality. In the paper is proposed an architecture that includes a power electronic transformer which is practically an isolated high-frequency link AC/AC converter that substitute a conventional transformer. An MPPT control technique is presented and validated by simulation implemented on a photovoltaic system with H-bridge n-levels converter and power electronic transformer. The simulation results confirm that the control is able to effectively track the maximum power point and to stabilize immediately in the new steady-state condition.
A Novel Approach to the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptides with a Tetrazole at the C-Terminus (2007)

Peptidomimetics containing a C-terminal tetrazole can be easily prepared using modifications to traditional peptide syn­thesis protocols.
Strength Distributions of SiC Ceramics After Oxidation and Oxidation Under Load (1981)

The room‐temperature strength distributions of a sintered and a hot‐pressed SiC were examined as‐machined, after oxidation at 1370°C, and after oxidation under load at 1370°C. The strengths were observed to be dependent on both the duration of oxidation and the magnitude of the applied load. Processes resulting in both strengthening and weakening behavior were observed to occur, at times simultaneously within the same strength distribution. This dynamic situation indicates that the strength‐controlling flaw populations are highly transient in nature.
Compressive Properties of Additively Manufactured Functionally Graded Kagome Lattice Structure (2019)

Cellular lattice structures have important applications in aerospace, automobile and defense industries due to their high specific strength, modulus and energy absorption. Additive manufacturing provides the design freedom to fabricate complex cellular structures. This study investigates the compressive properties and deformation behavior of a Ti-6Al-4V unit Kagome structure fabricated by selective laser melting. Further, the mechanical performance of multi-unit and multi-layer Kagome structure of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) ABS-M30™ manufactured by fused deposition modeling is explored. The effect of a number of layers of Kagome structure on the compressive properties is investigated. This paper also explores the mechanical properties of functionally graded and uniform density Kagome structure. The stiffness of the structure decreased with the increase in the number of layers whereas no change in peak load was observed. The functionally graded Kagome structure provided 35% more energy absorption than the uniform density structure.
Current Spine Surgery in North America (1994)

We physicians are the drivers, the people who select the patients, the people who do the operations, and the people who encourage the instrument companies; it is our responsibility to oversee both the effectiveness of treatment and its cost. The resources available to neurosurgery for improving care, controlling cost, and promoting research include the following. 1. The outstanding spinal neurosurgeons actively participating in excellent clinical care and research, neurosurgeons in training, and neurosurgeons committed to excellence. 2. A commitment by neurosurgery to improve the plight of the patients with spinal disorders. 3. Support from instrument and drug companies and national funding. 4. A medical wave of support for outcome studies and clinical trials. 5. A proven track record in doing clinical trials and a clear indication that others are in process. 6. The knowledge, abilities, and energies of neurosurgeons. Our liabilities include the following. 1. Irresponsible behavior by a few professionals. 2. The negative effects of competition with non-neurosurgical spinal surgeons. We must obtain their support in many of these clinical trials. 3. Inertia. It is much easier to take the path of least resistance, much easier to choose the course of economic incentive. Perhaps, out of all of this, spinal neurosurgery will lead the way to developing a better understanding of the natural history of degenerative diseases of the spine and the way to selecting patients properly on the basis of studies of the efficacy of appropriate surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stable and Metastable Tetravacancies in an fcc Metal (1965)

The lattice distortions and relaxation energies around the various compact forms of tetravacancy have been calculated with the aid of a digital computer. A Morse function was used for the interaction energies and the constants corresponding to copper were used. The most stable configuration is that in which the four vacancies lie on a {111} plane forming a rhombus made up of two equilateral triangles with a common side. The binding energy of this configuration is 2.98 eV. The binding energy of the configuration in which the four vacancies form a square on a {100} plane is 2.60 eV, and the tetrahedral arrangement of four vacancies has a binding energy of 0.97 eV. The results are thought to have a bearing on the formation and nature of larger vacancy clusters.
Magic123: One Image to High-Quality 3D Object Generation Using Both 2D and 3D Diffusion Priors (2023)

We present Magic123, a two-stage coarse-to-fine approach for high-quality, textured 3D meshes generation from a single unposed image in the wild using both2D and 3D priors. In the first stage, we optimize a neural radiance field to produce a coarse geometry. In the second stage, we adopt a memory-efficient differentiable mesh representation to yield a high-resolution mesh with a visually appealing texture. In both stages, the 3D content is learned through reference view supervision and novel views guided by a combination of 2D and 3D diffusion priors. We introduce a single trade-off parameter between the 2D and 3D priors to control exploration (more imaginative) and exploitation (more precise) of the generated geometry. Additionally, we employ textual inversion and monocular depth regularization to encourage consistent appearances across views and to prevent degenerate solutions, respectively. Magic123 demonstrates a significant improvement over previous image-to-3D techniques, as validated through extensive experiments on synthetic benchmarks and diverse real-world images. Our code, models, and generated 3D assets are available at https://github.com/guochengqian/Magic123.
Revised microcalcification hypothesis for fibrous cap rupture in human coronary arteries (2013)

Using 2.1-µm high-resolution microcomputed tomography, we have examined the spatial distribution, clustering, and shape of nearly 35,000 microcalcifications (µCalcs) ≥ 5 µm in the fibrous caps of 22 nonruptured human atherosclerotic plaques. The vast majority of these µCalcs were <15 µm and invisible at the previously used 6.7-µm resolution. A greatly simplified 3D finite element analysis has made it possible to quickly analyze which of these thousands of minute inclusions are potentially dangerous. We show that the enhancement of the local tissue stress caused by particle clustering increases rapidly for gap between particle pairs (h)/particle diameter (D) < 0.4 if particles are oriented along the tensile axis of the cap. Of the thousands of µCalcs observed, there were 193 particle pairs with h/D ≤ 2 (tissue stress factor > 2), but only 3 of these pairs had h/D ≤ 0.4, where the local tissue stress could increase a factor > 5. Using nondecalcified histology, we also show that nearly all caps have µCalcs between 0.5 and 5 µm and that the µCalcs ≥ 5 µm observed in high-resolution microcomputed tomography are agglomerations of smaller calcified matrix vesicles. µCalcs < 5 µm are predicted to be not harmful, because the tiny voids associated with these very small particles will not explosively grow under tensile forces because of their large surface energy. These observations strongly support the hypothesis that nearly all fibrous caps have µCalcs, but only a small subset has the potential for rupture.
Toward Generation of Orbital-Angular-Momentum-Entangled Photon Pairs in a Few-Mode Fiber (2020)

We describe a novel scheme for generation of orbital-angular-momentum-entangled photons in a few-mode fiber. We experimentally verify the underlying inter-modal parametric processes with two-mode classical signal input, observing high mode purity of the generated idler.
A Guide to Quantitative Biomarker Assay Development using Whispering Gallery Mode Biosensors (2017)

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensors are a class of powerful analytical techniques defined by the measurement of changes in the local refractive index at or near the sensor surface. When functionalized with target-specific capture agents, analyte binding can be measured with very low limits of detection. There are many geometric manifestations of WGM sensors, with chip-integrated silicon photonic devices first commercialized because of the robust, wafer-scale device fabrication, facile optical interrogation, and amenability to the creation of multiplexed sensor arrays. Using these arrays, a number of biomolecular targets have been detected in both label-free and label-enhanced assay formats. For example, sub-picomolar detection limits for multiple cytokines were achieved using an enzymatically enhanced sandwich immunoassay that showed high analyte specificity suitable for detection in complex, clinical matrices. This protocol describes a generalizable approach for the development of quantitative, multiplexed immunoassays using silicon photonic microrings as an example WGM platform. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[Cyclic AMP-dependent and -independent protein kinases in the adrenal cortex]. (1983)

The various protein kinase activities characterized in adrenal cortex from different mammalian species do not differ in their molecular and catalytic properties from similar types of enzymes described in other tissues. The cyclic AMP-dependent system has been the most thoroughly investigated in adrenocortical tissue and is generally accepted as an obligatory intermediate in the intracellular response to ACTH action. In addition, adrenocortical cells contain two types of messenger independent protein kinases, one of which being selectively activated by polyamines in vitro and possibly related to the control of adrenocortical growth processes. The definition of intracellular phosphorylatable targets related to specific adrenocortical functions might have been obscured by the pleiotypic effects displayed by ACTH, the major effector of these cell activities. Cholesterol esterase appears one of these targets and 11 beta-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 has been found activated in vitro by a cAMP dependent process. Future research should provide a better understanding of the role of protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation processes as a regulatory device in adrenocortical cell functions. This includes possible complex modulation by multisite phosphorylations of a given target protein, involving several different protein kinase systems under the dependence of separate intracellular effectors.
A Direct Discretization Approach near Wall Boundaries for Flow with Heat Transfer Using a Cartesian Grid Method (2013)

A new discretization scheme of a Cartesian grid method for flow with heat transfer is proposed. The energy transport equation is discretized directly even in the boundary cells involving either the Dirichlet (isothermal) or the Neumann (iso-heat-flux/adiabatic) boundary conditions in order to ensure the energy conservation in those cells. The basic idea of this discretization is the same as the discretization scheme which is previously proposed by the present authors for boundary forcing in incompressible flow simulations. Moreover, the temperature gradients in both the normal and tangential directions at boundaries are required in the present method for representing the Neumann boundary condition on the Cartesian grids which do not necessarily coincide with the body geometries. The tangential components of the temperature gradients at boundaries are calculated by the extrapolations from the surrounding temperature field. Accuracy evaluations are conducted in a convective heat transfer problem in a flow between concentric cylindrical walls under the several different types of thermal boundary conditions applied at the inner and outer walls. It is confirmed that the present method significantly improves the accuracy orders for the temperature as well as the error magnitudes under both types of thermal boundary conditions. In particular, because the temperature gradients are correctly considered at the boundary cells where the Neumann boundary conditions are enforced, the same level of accuracy order is also maintained even in cases of non-uniformly distributed temperature at those boundaries.
Characters for Complex Bundles and their Connections (2018)

The paper combines several fortunate mini miracles to achieve its two objectives. These were woven together in a several year's effort to answer a question raised by Iz Singer a decade ago. Our answer is accessible to the topologist, to the differential geometer and to the analyst who appreciates the statement of the Index theorem of Atiyah,Patodi,Singer for manifolds with boundary. The mini miracles are these: a] The Conner Floyd miracle that complex bordism tensored over the Todd genus and the Bott miracle that stable complex vector bundles respectively satisfy the axioms of a generalized homology theory and of a generalized cohomology theory. b] That these theories, with the covariant and contravariant geometric representations indicated, stably almost complex (SAC) manifolds modulo product relations and stable complex bundles, are not only related by Alexander duality but they are also related by Pontryagin duality. c] The abstract corollary of b] that stable complex bundles have a complete system of numerical invariants and that these can be computed by integrals of chern weil characteristic forms over manifolds with boundary reduced modulo integers, thanks to the APS Index Theorem. d] The adiabatic limit argument of the appendix to the last section showing a direct sum connection on the total space of a riemannian family of Riemannian manifolds with connection is Chern Simons equivalent in the limit to the Levi Civita connection of the direct sum metric. This allows the invariants to be described by the eta invariants of odd SAC manifolds reduced mod integers.
An Index of Insurance Adequacy for Fertility-Related HealthCare (1975)

Health insurance plans are evaluated here in terms of ability to guarantee financial access to a set of basic fertility-related health services. Extent of coverage is determined by whether a service is a contract benefit, its market cost, and how often it is used in a given population in one year. Comprehensive coverage removes a deterrent to utilization of preventive care such as well-baby visits, prenatal care, and family planning. In a total population of women of child-bearing age, each is likely to need some fertility-related care in a given year. The method of calculating adequacy involves using best available estimates of deliveries, abortions, etc. per 1,000 women, and, within each category, of components such as cesarean section. Local or national cost data can be used to derive an average cost per service and an aggregate for a group. The method of comparing this with plan benefits depends on the way benefits are expressed. Jacksonville, Fla. medical market data were used in a trial of the method on a plan for Federal employees, which shows 70 per cent coverage of estimated expense.
Yeast and plant cells as biofactories for recombinant proteins : evaluation of novel expression and downstream processing strategies (2000)

In this thesis, the applicability of several novel developments in protein purification and analysis technologies – in particular immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), expanded bed adsorption (EBA) and biomolecular interaction analysis (BIA) – for recombinant protein production in yeast and tobacco was evaluated. These technologies were successfully combined into strategies for the efficient isolation of three His6-tagged recombinant proteins (FSH-specific scFv4813, CEA N-A3 hybrid protein and CEA-specific scFvT84.66) from crude yeast fermentation broth or plant cell extract, with special emphasis on scalability and cost-effectiveness. Expanded bed IMAC was successfully introduced as a novel method for capture of recombinant proteins from plant cell extract. On-line monitoring of recombinant protein purification from P.pastoris fermentation broth by real-time BIA significantly reduced overall process times. The purified proteins were analysed with respect to purity, integrity and reactivity. The aims of this thesis were achieved by the expression and downstream processing of recombinant therapeutic proteins from P.pastoris fermentation broth and N.tabacum BY-2 suspension cells. These results demonstrate the use of yeast and plant cells as biofactories for the production of therapeutic and diagnostic proteins as an important step towards the commercial exploitation of Molecular Farming.
Note to "An efficient Data Structure for Lattice Operation" (2020)

This note is to publicly answer to a paper recently accepted to SWAT 2020 [1] that claims to have solved an error in our papers [3,2] by proposing a solution with worst performances. In the following section we describe in detail sections 4.2 (Cluster collection) and 5 (Data Structure and Space Complexity) in [3] to show the implementation of the data structure.
he Disproportionation of the Liquid. Ammonia Solution of Titanium Dichloride. (1959)

二塩化チタンの液体アンモニア(液安)溶液は四塩化チタンを低濃度のナトリウムアマルガムで還元してつくることができる。二塩化チタンの液安溶液は赤褐色で,常温またはそれ以下では,比較的に安定である。しかしながらこの溶液は(1)時日の経過に伴なって見られる変化,(2)四塩化チタンを還元して二塩化チタンの液安溶液とするときの還元剤であるナトリウムアマルガムのナトリウムの消費量,(3)二塩化チタンの液安溶液に接しているナトリウムアマルガムの性状,および(4)二塩化チタンの液安溶液から分離される黒色粉末のN含有量等より二塩化チタンは液安溶液において,次式のごときdisproportionationを起すことを推定した。また適当な物質の存在が本反応を促進することがわかったので,それにより,実際に金属チタンを分離することができた。またこの反応は塩化チタンの水和熱およびアンモニア化熱からも理論的に十分可能であるとの結論を得た。