gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling within-field gate length spatial variation for process-design co-optimization (2005)

Pelgrom's model suggests that a spatial correlation structure is inherent in the physical properties of semiconductor devices; specifically, devices situated closely together will be subject to a higher degree of correlation than devices separated by larger distances. Since correlation of device gate length values caused by systematic variations in microlithographic processing is known to carry a significant impact on the variability of circuit performance, we attempt to extract and understand the nature of spatial correlation across an entire die. Based on exhaustive, full-wafer critical dimension measurements collected using electrical linewidth metrology for wafers processed in a standard 130nm lithography cell, we calculate a spatial correlation metric of gate length over a full-field range in both horizontal and vertical orientations. Using a rudimentary model fit to these results, we investigate the impact of correlation in the spatial distribution on the variability of circuit performance using a series of Monte Carlo analyses in HSPICE; it is confirmed that this correlation does indeed present a significant influence on performance variability. From the same dataset, we also extract both the across-wafer (AW) and within-field (WIF) contributions to systematic variation. We find that the spatial correlation model’s shape is strongly related to these two components of variation (both in magnitude as well as by spatial fingerprint). By artificially reducing each of these components of systematic variation-thereby simulating the effects of active, across-field process compensation-we show that spatial correlation is significantly reduced, nearly to zero. This implies that Pelgrom's model may not apply to die-scale separation distances, and that a more accurate correlation theory would combine Pelgrom's model over very short separation distances with a systematic variation model that captures variability over longer distances by means of non-stationary distributions.
The Linux Kernel: A Challenging Workload for Transactional Memory (2006)

The Linux operating system kernel [4] is a large, mature, freely available, and well-tuned concurrent program. As such it is an ideal workload for a transactional
Resonant electron processes with open-shell highly charged ion targets (2007)

Recent activities at the Tokyo electron beam ion trap related to observations of resonant processes in the collisions of electrons with open-shell highly charged ions are reported. Extracted ion observations and high resolution x-ray spectroscopic observations have been applied to resolve the contribution from different charge states. In particular, dielectronic recombination (DR) of a H-like ion have been observed by high resolution x-ray spectroscopy for the first time. The DR satellite spectra obtained in the present experiment are compared with theoretical spectra.
Moral Dilemmas in Neonatal Medicine (1991)

Modern neonatal medicine raises a series of fundamental ethical questions. In the confrontation with these and in attempting to solve them, basic concepts concerning human life and death should be discussed. On what values do we base our practice? Terms such as human, right to life, sanctity of life, equality , and justice should all be considered with reference to the sick newborn baby. Leading Anglo-American contemporary philosophers who deal with such concepts have a tendency to link them to the autonomy of the individual. Is this a fruitful approach when dealing with ethical questions in neonatal medicine? In the following, I will exemplify this to elucidate the problem.
Diversity of Senile Plaques in Alzheimers Disease as Revealed by a New Monoclonal Antibody that Recognizes an Internal Sequence of the A&#946; Peptide (2005)

In order to have more specific tools available to approach amyloidogenesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we have produced several polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies that recognize specific sequences of the amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide. Here we present results that demonstrate that our monoclonal antibody EM5 recognizes an internal sequence (residues 11-16) of the Abeta peptide. This strategic localization of the epitope allowed us to employ this antibody, together with two previously reported polyclonal antibodies (EM2 and EM3, specific for AbetaX-40 and AbetaX-42, respectively), in an immunohistochemical study aimed at exploring the differential distribution of longer (AbetaX-40/42) and shorter (Abeta17-X) peptides along the various types of amyloid deposits of AD. This antibody panel was used in six AD brains, on sections from associative neocortex, striatum and cerebellar cortex. Single and double immunostaining revealed specific staining of vascular amyloid deposits and neuritic plaques by EM5 antibody, with high co-localization of EM2. Our results suggest that EM5 antibody recognizes pathogenic forms of Abeta deposits (amyloid angiopathy and neuritic plaques) and reveals the existence of a subset of plaques with a profile similar to vascular deposits. Additionally, our results show that diffuse plaques in AD brains may contain Abeta17-X peptides as its principal component. EM5 may be a useful tool in research both on human and transgenic mice tissue that may aid in the study of molecular heterogeneity of plaques in AD.
Reactive burn model calibration using high-throughput initiation experiments at sub-millimeter length scales (2022)

A first-of-its-kind model calibration was performed using Sandia National Laboratories’ high-throughput initiation (HTI) experiment for two types of vapor-deposited explosive films consisting of hexanitrostilbene (HNS) or pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). These films exhibit prompt initiation, and they reach steady detonation at sub-millimeter length scales. Following prior work on HNS, we test the hypothesis of approximating these explosive films as fine-grained homogeneous solids with simple Arrhenius kinetics burn models. The model calibration process is described herein using a single-step as well as a two-step Arrhenius rate law, and it consists of systematic parameter sampling leading to a reduction in the model degrees of freedom. Multiple local minima are observed; results are given for seven different optimized parameter sets. Each model set is further evaluated in a two-dimensional simulation of the critical failure thickness for a sustained detonation. Overall, the two-step Arrhenius kinetics model captures the observed behavior for HNS; however, neither model produces a good fit to the PETN data. We hypothesize that the HTI results for PETN correspond to a heterogeneous response, owing to the smaller reaction zone of PETN compared to HNS (i.e., it does not homogenize the fine-grained hot spots as well). Future work should consider using the ignition and growth model for PETN, as well as other reactive burn models such as xHVRB, AWSD, PiSURF, and CREST.
Test Processing of Seismic Monitoring using Sleipner 4D Data (2022)

To verify the potential of time-lapse seismic monitoring for the Korean domestic CCS project, we analyzed the Sleipner project dataset. Time-lapse data used for input consists of the baseline and monitoring data that were recorded in 1994 and 2008, respectively. The difference between the baseline and the monitoring data, subsurface CO 2 plume, was clearly identified as a change in the seismic amplitude. To investigate the effect of time-lapse processing, we tested input parameters of time-varying amplitude gain and lateral smoothing modules. The result shows that gain should be applied on the entire traces, and smoothing can increase the signal to noise ratio. By comparing the derived amplitude difference with the results of the previous paper in the Sleipner project, it was confirmed that the CO 2 plume region was consistent. The accumulated experience of the Sleipner data will be embodied in a best framework to assist future CO 2 storage project in Korea.
Confocal microscopy and multi-photon excitation microscopy of human skin in vivo (2001)

This paper compares tandem scanning reflected light confocal microscopy and multi-photon excitation microscopy for the observation of human skin in vivo. Tandem scanning confocal light microscopy based on a white light source can provide video-rate image acquisition from the skin surface to the epidermal-dermal junction. Multi-photon excitation is induced by a 80 MHz pulse train of femtosecond laser pulses at 780 nm wavelength. This nonlinear microscopic technique is inherently suitable for deep tissue fluorescence imaging. The relative merits of these two techniques can be identified by comparing movies of optical sections obtained from the forearm skin of the same volunteer.
LES JOINTS INTERGRANULAIRES DANS LES MÉTAUX AUTODIFFUSION INTERGRANULAIRE DANS DES BICRISTAUX DE FLEXION D'UN ACIER INOXYDABLE AUSTÉNITIQUE, DÉSORIENTÉS AUTOUR DE L'AXE < 100 > (1975)

L'autodiffusion intergranulaire du Fe59 dans des bicristaux d'aciers austénitiques (16 % Cr-14 % Ni) a été étudiée d'une part en fonction de l'angle de désorientation θ dans la gamme de température 800-1 050 °C et d'autre part dans les deux directions parallèle et perpendiculaire à l'axe de flexion [001], afin de montrer l'effet d'anisotropie. Le rôle important joué par l'effet de l'asymétrie du joint a été aussi étudié par autoradiographie et mesures densitométriques. Une corrélation entre la diffusion, la corrosion et l'énergie des joints a été établie.
Capital financing techniques for health care facilities: an historical overview. (1984)

Realizing that a thorough discussion of capital financing techniques for health care facilities would fill several volumes, this article presents an overview of the techniques currently used in the industry. Included is an outline of the basic features, applications, and costs of the various techniques. Because financing techniques in current use evolved from earlier forms, the chronological format adds a measure of clarity and logic to the development of health care financing. The primary focus will be on private, voluntary hospitals since they comprise the majority of the health care financing volume. A particular technique's applicability to public facilities, nursing homes, retirement centers, for-profit facilities, and freestanding facilities is noted, however, when appropriate.
High pretransplant serum levels of CXCL9 are associated with increased risk of acute rejection and graft failure in kidney graft recipients (2009)

Several clinical and experimental models have underlined the role of the CXCR3-binding chemokines in the immune-mediated kidney diseases. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of measuring pretransplant CXCL9 levels for acute rejection (AR) onset and kidney transplantation outcome. Pretransplantation serum levels of CXCL9 were tested retrospectively in 252 kidney graft recipients, whose stratification in two groups according to CXCL9 levels (<272.1 pg/ml vs. >272.1 pg/ml) showed highly significant differences in 5-year survival rates (97.7% vs. 73.3%; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that among the analysed variables, CXCL9 [relative risk (RR) 11.708] and AR (RR 3.604) had the highest predictive power of graft loss. Accordingly, patients with AR (254.4 + or - 22.1; P < 0.05) and, even more, those with anti-thymoglobulin (ATG)-treated AR also showed increased pretransplant serum CXCL9 levels (319.3 + or - 28.1, P < 0.001). Moreover, CXCL9 expression and distribution were investigated in tissue specimens obtained from 10 patients affected by AR, and wide CXCL9 expression was detected not only in infiltrating inflammatory cells but also in vascular and tubular structures. Measurement of pretransplant serum CXCL9 levels might represent the tracking of a clinically useful parameter to identify subjects at high risk of AR and graft failure. These findings might be used for the individualization of immunosuppressive therapies.
Widefield compressive multiphoton microscopy (2018)

A single-pixel compressively sensed architecture is exploited to simultaneously achieve a 10× reduction in acquired data compared with the Nyquist rate, while alleviating limitations faced by conventional widefield temporal focusing microscopes due to scattering of the fluorescence signal. Additionally, we demonstrate an adaptive sampling scheme that further improves the compression and speed of our approach.
Complex Coacervate Formation Between Acid- and Alkaline-Processed Gelatins (1986)

Microeletrophoretic mobility profiles of an acid and an alkaline processed gelatin were used to determine the optimum pH and ionic strength requirements for complex coacervation of these gelatins. The pH range where the gelatins carried opposite charges and therefore may be capable of forming coacervates was narrow (pH 4.8 to 8.3). Within this pH range the charge carried by the gelatins was very low, unless the ionic strength of the medium was below 1mM. Coacervation was therefore expected to occur in the above pH range at low ionic strength. However, coacervation was not detected in mixtures of the gelatins, regardless of the pH and ionic strength conditions, unless the temperature was reduced below the gelation temperature of the gelatins. Evidence obtained from photon correlation spectroscopy measurements suggested that soluble aggregrates may form between the gelatin mixtures at temperatures above their gelation temperature. This is in accordance with the 'dilute phase aggregrate' model of coacervation, Veis and Aranyi (1).
An efficient coding for Bi‐level facsimile images with dynamic arithmetic coding (1991)

Abstract In the conventional coding of the facsimile signal, codes such as modified Huffman (MH) and modified Reed (MMR) codes have been used, where the statistical properties of the image are assumed as known and the image is assumed as stationary. In practice, however, it is not always adequate to represent the probabilistic structure of the image data by a single model. It is desirable to employ a code whose coding parameters can be adjusted according to the variation of the statistical properties. The arithmetic code can realize independently the symbol coding and the probability estimation, and the dynamic modification of the coding parameters is easy. From such a viewpoint, this paper proposes a new dynamic adaptive coding based on the arithmetic code. In the proposed method, the effective probability of the less probable symbol, which is the coding parameter of the arithmetic symbol, is selected from the values obtained by the approximation using a polynomial sum of the powers of 2. The algorithm of transition in each coding parameter is determined by considering both the static and the dynamic coding characteristics. In addition, a method is presented in which the decision about the stationarity is included, and the convergence from the initial value is improved by controlling the number of transition steps. As a result of simulation, it is seen that the proposed method can reduce the number of bits of the coded output by 27.2 percent on the average, compared to MMR coding.
Re-writing Recent History: Developing a National Reconciliation Pedagogy Using a Video Game for School Age Children (2010)

Australian Aboriginal people have suffered ignominy through British policies and practices since the legal conquest of their land in 1788. They have been historically and socially misrepresented on the premise of their race alone. Recent attempts at reconciliation have come some way towards a shared culture. However, the national curriculum has not been effective in promoting reconciliation as an important part of a student's education. As a pedagogical tool for advancing notions of reconciliation a game was developed. The pedagogical goal of the game is for students to experience notions of trust, empathy and collaboration - core to notions of reconciliation. Initial evaluation of the game suggests these goals are being met. The game provides a vehicle for notions of reconciliation to be broached in way school-age children can engage with the concepts at a familiar level (in a game). It promotes reflection on their own role in the reconciliation process.
Benefits for pioglitazone in prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications (2022)

алоглиптин; сахарный диабет 2-го типа; комбинированная терапия АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ОБЗОРЫВ статье отражены основные представления об эффектах препарата группы тиазолидиндионов (пиоглитазона) и его месте в современном взгляде на терапию сахарного диабета 2-го типа.Освещены возможности комбинации с препаратом группы ингибиторов дипептидилпептидазы-4 (алоглиптином), а также преимущества использования фиксированной комбинации лекарственного средства.Данные группы лекарственных препаратов имеют различные точки приложения действия, что усиливает сахароснижающий эффект без риска развития гипогликемии.
High density FTTH network utilizing asymmetric data transmission (2007)

A WDM-PON recycling incoming light to transmit upload stream has been proposed. Effect of Rayleigh scattering and uneven energy distribution are evaluated to achieve >60km bidirectional communication carrying 10Gb/s download and >300Mb/s upload data traffic.
Nanofiltration–Complexation: A New Method for Isotopic Separation of Heavy Metals (2001)

Abstract Nanofiltration coupled with a selective complexation step was applied to separate isotopes of neodymium and gadolinium in aqueous solution.
Avoiding DC link oscillations in drives (2020)

Variable speed drives often contains a DC link with a passive filter to decrease the Total Harmonic Distortion of the input currents. Unfortunately the interaction of the motor with this filter may yield an undesirable sustained oscillation in the DC link. We propose a simple yet effective strategy to avoid this phenomenon, by suitably manipulating the inverter duty cycles. The stability analysis, based on the mathematical theory of averaging, is interesting in itself as a means to study oscillations in power systems.
Microwave Assisted Wolff-Kishner Reduction Reaction (1997)

A Wolff-Kishner reduction of a carbonyl group was carried out in a household microwave oven. Isatin was first converted to the hydrazone with 55% hydrazine and ethylene glycol by irradiation in the microwave oven at medium power for 30 seconds. Then, isatin 3-hydrazone was mixed with ethylene glycol and potassium hydroxide and irradiated in the microwave oven for only 10 seconds. After simple work-up and recrystallization, oxindole was obtained in a yield of 32.4%. The two step syntheses described here offer several advantages: (1) very short reaction time with no need for special microscale glassware, (2) mild experimental conditions (hot oil baths and heating mantles are not required), (3) the reagents are easy to handle (students do not need to prepare sodium ethoxide from sodium metal and absolute ethanol).
Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in process engineering (1996)

During the past decade, the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging techniques to problems of relevance to the process industries has been identified. The particular strengths of NMR techniques are their ability to distinguish between different chemical species and to yield information simultaneously on the structure, concentration distribution and flow processes occurring within a given process unit. In this paper, examples of specific applications in the areas of materials and food processing, transport in reactors and two-phase flow are discussed. One specific study, that of the internal structure of a packed column, is considered in detail. This example is reported to illustrate the extent of new, quantitative information of generic importance to many processing operations that can be obtained using NMR imaging in combination with image analysis.
Comments on “Fast Motion Estimation Based on Content Property for Low-Complexity H.265/HEVC Encoder” (2017)

In this paper, we provide comments on the recent paper by Pan <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">et al.</i> that proposed an initial search point-based motion estimation skipping (ISP-MES) method. We found some discrepancies of the proposed method and its experimental results, especially in setting the ISPs. In this paper, we clarify these issues and, as a result, provide an enhanced results from the work of Pan <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">et al.</i>
Dielectric studies of the bias field effect on the soft mode of a ferroelectric liquid crystal (1998)

Abstract Using dielectric spectroscopy, surface interactions are detected by their influences on the soft mode behavior in the vicinity of the SmC* to SmA* phase transition. A non zero pretilt angle is observed in SSFLC cells filled with the ferroelectric liquid crystal {4-[(2R)-2-chloro-3-methyl-butanoyloxy]phenyl}-(4-decyloxy)benzoate. In the absence of a bias electric field, the pretilt induces a tilt angle in the SmA* phase being coupled to an electric polarization (surface electroclinic effect). This effect increases with decreasing cell thickness. It depends on the rubbing direction in a specific LC cell and is suppressed by a sufficiently strong bias electric field. Within a bias electric field, the suppression of the soft mode is described by the “classical Landau model” whose coefficients are determined from dielectric measurements.
ON DERIVATIVE ESTIMATION IN SPLINE REGRESSION (2000)

We consider the problem of estimating the derivatives of a regression func- tion by the corresponding derivatives of regression splines. Unlike kernel smoothers, these spline derivative estimators do not have boundary problems. In addition, they have simple expressions and are easy to compute. In this paper, we study the local asymptotic properties of these derivative estimators. Under regularity conditions, the asymptotic bias and variance of these estimators are derived, and asymptotic normality is established. Furthermore, we extend the results to random designs and heteroscedastic errors.
Tactile Feedback for a Force-Reflecting Haptic Display (1995)

Abstract : This thesis describes the development of custom-built tactile feedback hardware and its integration with an available force-reflecting haptic interface. Design requirements were motivated strongly by the characteristics of the human tactile sense as well as the biomechanical characteristics of the human finger. The work explores the feasibility of various actuators, and selects a small solenoid actuator for application in a closed-loop force control tactile feedback system. An adaptive PI algorithm using continuously variable gain scheduling helps to compensate for nonlinearities in the solenoid actuator. The system demonstrates adequate closed-loop control, but the mass added to the force-reflecting haptic interface proves less than optimal. Design suggestions for future prototypes may reduce the mass added by the tactile feedback hardware by over 30%. The work concludes with recommendations for psychophysical research that will increase understanding of human performance in tasks using haptic feedback devices.