gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simplified micro-method for quantification of fecal excretion of neutral and acidic sterols for outpatient studies in humans. (1991)

A simple and precise micro-method for measurement of daily fecal excretion of neutral and acidic sterols has been developed which utilizes sitostanol (24-ethyl-5 alpha-cholestane-3 beta-ol) as fecal flow and recovery marker. Extractions of sterols were performed from 50 microliters of fecal homogenate (feces-water 1:1), and analyses of neutral and acidic sterols were carried out by gas-liquid chromatography. The method is sensitive, precise, and easy to perform; the intra-assay variability yielded coefficients of variations of 1.9% and 3.5% (n = 6) for neutral and acidic sterols, respectively. The results from this method were compared with those obtained with the standard fecal flow marker chromic oxide. The correlation coefficients between the two markers were compared in 16 subjects and were 0.938 and 0.998 for excretion of neutral sterols and acidic sterols, respectively. Comparison of the fecal excretion of neutral and acidic sterols in 12 subjects determined from frozen samples and aliquots (approximately 1 g) sent by ordinary mail to the laboratory (transport time 1 to 5 days) gave identical results using sitostanol as fecal flow marker (818 +/- (SEM) 85 mg/day vs. 838 +/- 89 mg/day for neutral sterols and 417 +/- 59 mg/day vs. 414 +/- 60 mg/day for acidic sterols). The new micro-method is ideally suited for research laboratories in need of a simple, accurate, inexpensive, and high through-put method for measuring daily fecal excretion of neutral and acidic sterols, as well as total cholesterol synthesis, and can be performed on an outpatient basis.
Thermally Polymerized Rylene Nanoparticles (2011)

Rylene dyes functionalized with varying numbers of phenyl trifluorovinylether (TFVE) moieties were subjected to a thermal emulsion polymerization to yield shape-persistent, water-soluble chromophore nanoparticles. Perylene and terrylene diimide derivatives containing either two or four phenyl TFVE functional groups were synthesized and subjected to thermal emulsion polymerization in tetraglyme. Dynamic light scattering measurements indicated that particles with sizes ranging from 70 - 100 nm were obtained in tetraglyme, depending on monomer concentration. The photophysical properties of individual monomers were preserved in the nanoemulsions and emission colors could be tuned between yellow, orange, red, and deep red. The nanoparticles were found to retain their shape upon dissolution into water and the resulting water suspensions displayed moderate to high fluorescence quantum yield.
Transportation of single cell and microbubbles by phase-shift introduced to standing leaky surface acoustic waves (2011)

A microfluidic device was developed to precisely transport a single cell or multiple microbubbles by introducing phase-shifts to a standing leaky surface acoustic wave (SLSAW). The device consists of a polydimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) microchannel and two phase-tunable interdigital transducers (IDTs) for the generation of the relative phase for the pair of surface acoustic waves (SAW) propagating along the opposite directions forming a standing wave. When the SAW contacts the fluid medium inside the microchannel, some of SAW energy is coupled to the fluid and the SAW becomes the leaky surface wave. By modulating the relative phase between two IDTs, the positions of pressure nodes of the SLSAW in the microchannel change linearly resulting in the transportation of a single cell or microbubbles. The results also reveal that there is a good linear relationship between the relative phase and the displacement of a single cell or microbubbles. Furthermore, the single cell and the microbubbles can be transported over a predetermined distance continuously until they reach the targeted locations. This technique has its distinct advantages, such as precise position-manipulation, simple to implement, miniature size, and noninvasive character, which may provide an effective method for the position-manipulation of a single cell and microbubbles in many biological and biomedical applications.
Distance distributions in proteins: a six-parameter representation (1996)

We present a statistical analysis of protein structures based on interatomic C alpha distances. The overall distance distributions reflect in detail the contents of sequence-specific substructures maintained by local interactions (such as alpha-helixes) and longer range interactions (such as disulfide bridges and beta-sheets). We also show that a volume scaling of the distances makes distance distributions for protein chains of different length superimposable. Distance distributions were also calculated specifically for amino acids separated by a given number of residues. Specific features in these distributions are visible for sequence separations of up to 20 amino acid residues. A simple representation, which preserves most of the information in the distance distributions, was obtained using six parameters only. The parameters give rise to canonical distance intervals and when predicting coarse-grained distance constraints by methods such as data-driven artificial neural networks, these should preferably be selected from these intervals. We discuss the use of the six parameters for determining or reconstructing 3-D protein structures.
A FRIEND for assisting handicapped people (2001)

The semiautonomous robotic system "FRIEND" consists of an electric wheelchair with the robot arm MANUS. Both devices are controlled by a computer. The user interface consists of a flat screen and a speech interface. The system is for use by persons with upper limb impairments as well as disability of the legs. FRIEND's hardware and software are described. The current state of development is then presented, as well as research results that will be integrated soon. After an explanation of the speech interface, the methods developed for semiautonomous control are described. These are programming by demonstration, visual servoing, and configuration planning based on the method of imaginary links.
Gastroentero anastomose par technique NOTES pure et apposition tissulaire par prothèse métallique couverte courte « diabolo »: une étude prospective expérimentale sur modèle porcin (2014)

Plusieurs travaux ont montré la faisabilité de la gastro entéro anastomose par technique N.O.T.E.S exclusive sur modèle porcin vivant. Mais la courbe d'apprentissage et la spécificité du matériel en limite la diffusion. Le but de cette étude expérimentale est de déterminer la faisabilité et la reproductibilité d'une nouvelle technique d'anastomose gastro jéjunale in vivo chez le cochon en technique N.O.T.E.S exclusive avec usage de prothèse métallique couverte.
From para1‐Dimethoxybenzene Toward Crownbenzenophanes, 2. Synthesis, X‐ray Structure and Fluorescence Emission Properties of 1,3,10,13,16,19,22‐Heptaoxa(3,13)[28]paracyclophane and Its Complex with Sodium Cation (1993)

Abstract The synthesis and X‐ray molecular structure of the title compound, an heptaoxa[3,13]paracyclophane, as well as that of its 1:1 sodium complex are described; a study of the absorption and fluorescence spectra indicates that this crown‐cyclophane behaves as a hybrid between strained classical cyclophanes and large macrocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW METHOD FOR PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS USING O‐NITRO‐PHENYLSULFENYL N‐CARBOXY ALPHA‐AMINO ACID ANHYDRIDES (1975)

Abstract Zur Synthese von Peptiden werden o‐Nitrophenylsulfenyl‐a‐aminosäureanhydride (I) eingesetzt, die mit den Aminosäureestern (II) zu den geschützten Peptiden (III) reagieren.
ENHANCING URBAN DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS USING AUTOMATED COMPUTER VISION TECHNIQUES (2010)

In recent years Digital Elevation Models (DEM) gained much interest because of their high capability to give information about urban regions. DEM can be used for detailed urban monitoring, change and damage detection purposes. However, initially a DEM with very sharp details should be constructed. The DEM can be derived from very high resolution stereo satellite images, but for most of the cases just one stereo pair is available. Unfortunately after this process, regions which are occluded in one of the stereo images have no height value in the DEM data. This is a major problem especially in urban DEM, since many regions are occluded by buildings. However these occluded regions can be filled using interpolation techniques, which lead to lose sharpness in building edges. Besides due to low resolution of input stereo images, the generated DEM resolution can be too low to represent buildings. In order to increase details, herein we propose a special automated urban DEM enhancement technique. To do so, first we detect possible building locations using height information of the DEM. Then using corresponding panchromatic image, we detect building shapes with an automatic shape approximation approach. Using detected building shapes, we refine buildings in the DEM. Finally, for a better representation we locate constructed three-dimensional building models on Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the corresponding region. We believe that the implemented enhancement will not only provide better three-dimensional urban region representation, but also will lead to more detailed change and damage investigation in future studies.
FPGA accelerator for floating-point matrix multiplication (2012)

This study treats architecture and implementation of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) accelerator for double-precision floating-point matrix multiplication. The architecture is oriented towards minimising resource utilisation and maximising clock frequency. It employs the block matrix multiplication algorithm which returns the result blocks to the host processor as soon as they are computed. This avoids output buffering and simplifies placement and routing on the chip. The authors show that such architecture is especially well suited for full-duplex communication links between the accelerator and the host processor. The architecture requires the result blocks to be accumulated by the host processor; however, the authors show that typically more than 99% of all arithmetic operations are performed by the accelerator. The implementation focuses on efficient use of embedded FPGA resources, in order to allow for a large number of processing elements (PEs). Each PE uses eight Virtex-6 DSP blocks. Both adders and multipliers are deeply pipelined and use several FPGA-specific techniques to achieve small area size and high clock frequency. Finally, the authors quantify the performance of accelerator implemented in Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA, with 252 PEs running at 403 MHz (achieving 203.1 Giga FLOPS (GFLOPS)), by comparing it to double-precision matrix multiplication function from MKL, ACML, GotoBLAS and ATLAS libraries executing on Intel Core2Quad and AMD Phenom X4 microprocessors running at 2.8 GHz. The accelerator performs 4.5 times faster than the fastest processor/library pair.
Susceptibilities to clarithromycin and erythromycin of isolates of Chlamydia pneumoniae from children with pneumonia (1994)

We tested in vitro 49 isolates of Chlamydia pneumoniae obtained from 35 children with community-acquired pneumonia against clarithromycin and erythromycin. The children were part of a treatment study comparing the two drugs. Clarithromycin was 2- to 10-fold more active than erythromycin, with a MIC for 90% of strains tested and minimal chlamydiacidal concentration for 90% of strains tested of 0.031 microgram/ml compared with 0.125 microgram/ml for erythromycin. Eight of these children, two of whom were treated with erythromycin and six of whom received clarithromycin, remained culture positive after treatment. We were able to test 21 isolates from these children. All were susceptible to both drugs, and the MICs did not change after therapy.
Intracerebroventricular Injection of Encapsulated Human Mesenchymal Cells Producing Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Prolongs Survival in a Mouse Model of ALS (2012)

Intracerebroventricular injection of GLP-1 MSC capsules shows neuroprotective potential in the SOD1 (G93A) mouse model.
Sulfur, tin and gold derivatives of 1-(2′-pyridyl)-ortho-carborane, 1-R-2-X-1,2-C2B10H10(R = 2′-pyridyl, X = SH, SnMe3or AuPPh3) (2004)

Reaction of the lithium salt of 1-(2'-pyridyl)-ortho-carborane, Li[1-R-1,2-C(2)B(10)H(10)](R = 2'-NC(5)H(4)), with sulfur, followed by hydrolysis, gave the mercapto-o-carborane, 1-R-2-SH-1,2-C(2)B(10)H(10) which forms chiral crystals containing helical chains of molecules linked by intermolecular S-H...N hydrogen bonds. The cage C(1)-C(2) and exo C(2)-S bond lengths (1.730(3) and 1.775(2)[Angstrom], respectively) are indicative of exo S=C pi bonding. The tin derivative 1-R-2-SnMe(3)-1,2-C(2)B(10)H(10), prepared from Li[1-R-1,2-C(2)B(10)H(10)] and Me(3)SnCl, crystallises with no significant intermolecular interactions. The pyridyl group lies in the C(1)-C(2)-Sn plane, oriented to minimise the NSn distance (2.861(3)[Angstrom]). The tin environment is distorted trigonal bipyramidal with axial N and Me. The gold derivative 1-R-2-AuPPh(3)-1,2-C(2)B(10)H(10), prepared from Li[1-R-1,2-C(2)B(10)H(10)] and AuCl(PPh(3)), reveals no NAu interaction in its crystal structure.
SPIDER: Near-Optimal Non-Convex Optimization via Stochastic Path-Integrated Differential Estimator (2018)

In this paper, we propose a new technique named Stochastic Path-Integrated Differential EstimatoR (SPIDER), which can be used to track many deterministic quantities of interests with significantly reduced computational cost. Combining SPIDER with the method of normalized gradient descent, we propose SPIDER-SFO that solve non-convex stochastic optimization problems using stochastic gradients only. We provide a few error-bound results on its convergence rates. Specially, we prove that the SPIDER-SFO algorithm achieves a gradient computation cost of O min(n<sup>1</sup>/<sup>2−2</sup><sup>−</sup><sup>3</sup>) to find an -approximate first-order stationary point. In addition, we prove that SPIDER-SFO nearly matches the algorithmic lower bound for finding stationary point under the gradient Lipschitz assumption in the finite-sum setting. Our SPIDER technique can be further applied to find an (, O(<sup>0.5</sup>))-approximate second-order stationary point at a gradient computation cost of Õ min(n<sup>1</sup>/<sup>2−2</sup> +<sup>−</sup><sup>2.5</sup><sup>−</sup><sup>3</sup>).
Modeling of a Nanoparticle Motion in a Newtonian Fluid: A Comparison Between Fluctuating Hydrodynamics and Generalized Langevin Procedures (2012)

A direct numerical simulation adopting an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian based finite element method is employed to simulate the motion of a nanocarrier in a quiescent fluid contained in a cylindrical tube. The nanocarrier is treated as a solid sphere. Thermal fluctuations are implemented using two different approaches: (1) fluctuating hydrodynamics; (2) generalized Langevin dynamics (Mittag-Leffler noise). At thermal equilibrium, the numerical predictions for temperature of the nanoparticle, velocity distribution of the particle, decay of the velocity autocorrelation function, diffusivity of the particle and particle-wall interactions are evaluated and compared with analytical results, where available. For a neutrally buoyant nanoparticle of 200 nm radius, the comparisons between the results obtained from the fluctuating hydrodynamics and the generalized Langevin dynamics approaches are provided. Results for particle diffusivity predicted by the fluctuating hydrodynamics approach compare very well with analytical predictions. Ease of computation of the thermostat is obtained with the Langevin approach although the dynamics gets altered.
Silicon-based silicon–germanium–tin heterostructure photonics (2014)

The wavelength range that extends from 1550 to 5000 nm is a new regime of operation for Si-based photonic and opto-electronic integrated circuits. To actualize the new chips, heterostructure active devices employing the ternary SiGeSn alloy are proposed in this paper. Foundry-based monolithic integration is described. Opportunities and challenges abound in creating laser diodes, optical amplifiers, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, modulators, switches and a host of high-performance passive infrared waveguided components.
Crystal structure of 2,8-dimethyl-3-chloro-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (2014)

The title compound, 2,8-dimethyl-3-chloro-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one, (C10H9ClN2O), was synthesized, and its structure was established by spectral analysis and X-ray diffraction studies. There are two independent molecules per asymmetric unit. In both the molecules, the pyrido-pyrimidine moiety is planar with a dihedral angle of 3.53(9)° for molecule A and 1.61(9)° for molecule B. The crystal structure is stabilized by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. The π-π interactions were also observed between the A and B molecules. The pyrido-pyrimidine moiety is not involved in any C-H⋯π contacts.
Electro-thermal infrared scanning method for polycrystalline solar cells (1980)

Techniques for rapidly scanning solar cells to determine differences in basic parameters at different locations should provide improved understanding of fabrication variables that infuence polycrystalline cell performance. Hence, such techniques should aid development of efficient polycrystalline cells, and provide rapid feedback to correct or optimize manufacturing variables. An electro-thermal method of scanning cells, using a sensitive noncontacting infrared scanner to map temperatures produced by a current pulse, has been demonstrated. Single-crystal Al/Si as well as polycrystalline Al/Si and Cu/Cu/sub 2/O thin-film Schottky barrier cells were included in this work. Laser scans in which cell short circuit output was mapped as a function of light-spot position were performed for comparison with the electro-thermal infrared results. Some basic mechanisms involved in the electro-thermal results have been proposed. However, they are not yet completely understood. Experimental results are presented, and some of the proposed relationships between basic cell parameters and electro-thermal scan results are discussed. Although the work was conducted mainly with Schottky diodes, the electro-thermal method can also be applied to N-P and P-N photovoltaic cells.
Observation of a new class of crystal sonoluminescence at piezoelectric crystal surface (1997)

Ultrasonic vibrations of a single-piezoelectric crystal of LiNbO3 and CdS can excite luminescence of gas near the crystal surface. Light excitation starts at ultrasonic intensity above a certain threshold. This threshold lies in the range 3–10 W/cm2 and corresponds to the unpinning of dislocations and beginning of their reversible motion in the piezoelectric crystal. The effects constitute a new class of acousto-optic and dislocation phenomena having the main feature of energy transformation from ultrasound in solid to luminescence of gas at normal atmospheric pressure. The unpinning of dislocations is shown to be critical for sonoluminescence excitation.
Stability of Carbon on Cobalt Surfaces in Fischer–Tropsch Reaction Conditions: A DFT Study (2014)

We establish a thermodynamic model correlating the carbon deposition and desorption energies on cobalt surfaces with the temperature, the CO/H2 ratio, and the Anderson–Schulz–Flory (ASF) distribution in the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict that the surface sites of Co particles, whether located on terraces or steps, are covered by carbon species in FT reaction conditions unless extremely high H2/CO ratios are used. The graphene-covered Co(111) surface is the most stable system. At low ASF coefficient, the Co(111) surface undergoes a strong reconstruction associated with the insertion of C in subsurface sites. At high ASF coefficient, the Co(111) surface is covered by oligomeric C species which may be seen as either long chain alkane or graphene precursors. This theoretical work gives crucial insights into the link between the composition and structures of Co surfaces in FT reaction conditions. Furthermore, it highlights that the existence of purely metallic sites, whether located on terraces or steps, is questioned in long-run FT synthesis.
Supplementary Table S1.2 from Metabolic and Functional Genomic Studies Identify Deoxythymidylate Kinase as a Target in <i>LKB1</i>-Mutant Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Top 200 genes by KS.&lt;/p&gt;
Is Virga Rain That Evaporates before Reaching the Ground? (1992)

Abstract The visual phenomenon called virga, a sudden change in the brightness of a precipitation shaft below a cloud, is commonly attributed to evaporation of raindrops. It is said to be rain that does not reach the ground. The optical thickness of an evaporating rain shaft, however, decreases gradually from cloud base to ground. Thus, it is more likely that virga results from snowflakes melting in descent. Horizontal optical-thickness decreases of more than ten can occur in the short distance over which a snowflake is transformed into a raindrop. This decrease is caused by two factors: a smaller number density of hydrometeors because of the greater fall velocity of raindrops than of equivolume snowflakes, and a smaller scattering cross section: the first of these is dominant. An alternative explanation of virga is that it is precipitation that has not yet reached (rather than does not reach) the ground. This is a plausible explanation given the long time periods it may take hydrometeors, especially snow...
Comparative longevity of Australian orchid (Orchidaceae) seeds under experimental and low temperature storage conditions (2010)

Seeds from ten terrestrial orchid species, nine from the south-west Australian biodiversity hotspot (Caladenia arenicola, Caladenia flava, Caladenia huegelii, Diuris laxiflora, Microtis media ssp. media, Pterostylis recurva, Pterostylis sanguinea, Thelymitra crinita and Thelymitra macrophylla) and one from south-east Australia (Diuris fragrantissima), were placed into experimental storage to assess their relative longevity and likely optimal conditions for long-term conservation seed banking. Seeds from all species were desiccation tolerant, germinating after drying at 23% relative humidity (C. arenicola, C. huegelii, P. sanguinea and T. macrophylla) or 5% relative humidity (C. flava, D. laxiflora, M. media ssp. media, P. recurva and T. crinita) at 23 °C. From automatedly determined moisture adsorption and desorption isotherms at 23 °C, these equate to tolerance of drying to 0.03-0.06 g water g-1 dry weight or 0.013-0.028 g water g-1 dry weight, respectively. Results of storage experiments at a range of moisture contents and temperatures suggest conventional seed bank storage at -18 °C after equilibration at c. 23% relative humidity (at 23 °C) may be suitable for most of the species, although there was higher germination of P. recurva seeds stored at -80 °C and of M. media ssp. media seeds equilibrated at 75% relative humidity. However, there was considerable variation in germination of seeds sampled after different storage periods, making it difficult to identify optimal storage conditions definitively. Results of comparative longevity storage experiments at 60% relative humidity and 40 °C suggest seeds from these orchid species are short-lived compared with non-orchid species, and with Australian species in particular. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London.