gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessing Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer: A Review of Risk Assessment Models (2010)

Women who are at high risk of breast cancer can be offered more intensive surveillance or prophylactic measures, such as surgery or chemoprevention. Central to decisions regarding the level of prevention is accurate and individualized risk assessment. This review aims to distill the diverse literature and provide practicing clinicians with an overview of the available risk assessment methods. Risk assessments fall into two groups: the risk of carrying a mutation in a high-risk gene such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 and the risk of developing breast cancer with or without such a mutation. Knowledge of breast cancer risks, taken together with the risks and benefits of the intervention, is needed to choose an appropriate disease management strategy. A number of models have been developed for assessing these risks, but independent validation of such models has produced variable results. Some models are able to predict both mutation carriage risks and breast cancer risk; however, to date, all are limited by only moderate discriminatory accuracy. Further improvements in the knowledge of how to best integrate both new risk factors and newly discovered genetic variants into these models will allow clinicians to more accurately determine which women are most likely to develop breast cancer. These steady and incremental improvements in models will need to undergo revalidation.
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology (2012)

Welcome to UIST 2012, the Twenty-Fifth Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology.

UIST is the premier forum for the presentation of research innovations in the software and technology of human-computer interfaces. Sponsored by ACM's special interest groups on computer-human interaction (SIGCHI) and computer graphics (SIGGRAPH), UIST brings together researchers and practitioners from many areas, including web and graphical interfaces, new input and output devices, information visualization, interactive displays, tangible computing, and computer supported cooperative work. The single-track schedule, intimate size, and location in Cambridge, Massachusetts, a place rich in history of technical innovations, make UIST 2012 an ideal place to exchange results and to forge future collaborations.

We received a record 288 paper submissions from more than 20 countries. After a thorough review process, the program committee accepted 62 papers (21.5%). Each anonymous submission was first reviewed by a primary program committee member and three external reviewers. If any of the four reviewers deemed a submission to pass a rejection threshold we asked the authors to submit a short rebuttal addressing the reviewers' concerns. The secondary committee member then wrote a fifth review of the paper taking into account the authors' rebuttal. The program committee met in person in Redmond, WA, on June 7--8, 2012, to select the papers for the conference. Submissions were finally accepted only after the authors provided a final revision addressing the committee's comments.

In addition to the presentations of accepted papers, this year's program includes a keynote by Margaret Livingstone (Harvard Medical School neuroscientist) on how art affects the brain. Posters, demos, the ninth annual Doctoral Symposium, and the fourth annual Student Innovation Contest (this year focusing on a new touch-sensitive device from Synaptics called Jedeye) complete the program.
Introduction (1994)

It is obvious to most biologists and clinicians that in mammals the central nervous system coordinates and regulates many complex physiological events. In order to do this, it must receive information from the internal and external environment, integrate this information and elicit appropriate efferent signals required to respond to a stimulus and maintain homeostatic function.
Monitoring the New Antithrombotic Drugs (2004)

Today there is a diverse group of anticoagulant and antithrombotic drugs available that includes warfarin derivatives, heparin, low-molecular-weight heparins, thrombin inhibitors, factor Xa inhibitors, and various antiplatelet agents. Many of these new drugs do not alter measurable blood coagulation parameters, yet they are effective antithrombotic agents through their actions on vascular endothelial cells and proteins. Thus, these new agents do not affect the traditional clot-based prothrombin time/International Normalized Ratio (PT/INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) tests, and monitoring and standardization require the development of new methods. In addition to clot-based assays, chromogenic assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), flow cytometry, and other techniques have been used to monitor these new drugs. On the other hand, some of the new antithrombotic drugs do affect the PT, aPTT, and activated clotting time (ACT); however, they behave differently from the warfarin derivatives and heparin. The traditionally used relationship of target time to clot values and INR to clinical effect cannot necessarily be transferred to the new drugs. Unfortunately, monitoring is not as simple as it was for warfarin and heparin. Although the new antithrombotic drugs have been approved for clinical use, assay systems for monitoring most of them are still in development or have not been clinically validated. This applies to each of the clinical settings targeted for prophylaxis, treatment, or interventional procedures (i.e., high- and low-dosing regimens typically require different monitoring methods). In addition to basic monitoring, other issues such as sensitivity of the drug to different laboratory monitoring reagents and instrumentation, drug combination monitoring, and patient-related factors that contribute to the variability of the results still need to be addressed.
Thin-Film Strained-SOI CMOS Devices—Physical Mechanisms for Reduction of Carrier Mobility (2004)

We have examined physical mechanisms responsible for the reduction in both electron and hole mobility in strained-silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS devices with thin strained-Si layers. A slight decrease in the electron mobility with thinning strained-Si layers is attributable to the quantum-mechanical confinement effect of the inversion layer electrons, originating in the conduction band offset of the strained-Si layers. Also, the diffusion of Ge atoms into the SiO/sub 2//strained-Si interface is found to generate interface states near the valence band edge, leading to the reduction in hole mobility in the lower E/sub eff/ region through Coulomb scattering. Moreover, the decrease in hole mobility enhancement in both thin and thick strained-Si structures at the higher electric field is caused by the reduction of the energy splitting between the heavy and the light hole bands, with an increase in the electric field. Based on considerations of these factors affecting the mobility reduction, the strained-Si thickness and the Ge content have been designed to realize high-speed strained-SOI CMOS under the 90-nm technology and beyond.
EMI-debugging of complex systems using different time, modulation, STFFT and frequency domain signal analysis techniques (2005)

One faces a difficult situation in EMI debugging if multiple sources radiate at the same frequency, especially, if little details on the EUT are provided. In this paper, we apply and compare a set of signal analysis techniques for identifying radiated emission sources. First, theoretical background of joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA) is given and an algorithm using short-term fast Fourier transform (STFFT) approach is applied for the data analysis. STFFT analysis provides an exclusive insight into time-dependent emission processes. Also, narrow span and zero span spectrum analysis are discussed. Special emphasis is given on signals sideband characteristics
One Electric Motor System for Steering Hydraulic Pump and Braking Air Pump in HEV BuS (2012)

The pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles are being developed and used wildly to save energy and reduce air pollution. In pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, most of the steering hydraulic pump and braking sir pump have one electric motor to drive its pump. A new system with one electric motor for these two bumps was developed for application in pure electric vehicles（EVs） and hybrid electric vehicle ( HEVs). Comparison with conventional configuration, this new method can reduce cost and mounting space with compact size and higher energy efficiency. And the test results show that the new system can meet the requirements of HEV operation quite well.
Comparison of fundamental characteristics between radio-frequency and direct current powering of a single glow discharge atomic emission spectroscopy source (1998)

A comparison between radiofrequency (rf) and direct current (dc) powering of a single glow discharge atomic emission spectroscopy (GD-AES) source has been conducted. A NIST SRM 1252 Phosphorized Copper alloy was used as the cathode sample for a series of measurements. With each powering mode, the analyte emission, sputtering, and charged particle characteristics were investigated under its own optimized operating conditions. Comparison of the results indicates that the rf mode has higher analyte S/B values although the dc mode shows higher signal intensities. Rf-powered plasmas yield much shorter stabilization times and less variation over extended periods of operation. These two factors result in the general trend of the rf mode having lower detection limits for the suite of analytes. With the use of the S/B value as the quantitative measure, similar sample-to-sample reproducibility (5–10% RSD) can be achieved for both modes. The measurement of sputtered crater depths illustrates that the dc mode has a much higher sputtering rate. Finally, Langmuir probe measurements indicate that the rf mode has much higher electron energies and thus higher excitation efficiency.
Sensing by Smell: Nanoparticle–Enzyme Sensors for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Bacteria with Olfactory Output (2017)

We present here a highly efficient sensor for bacteria that provides an olfactory output, allowing detection without the use of instrumentation and with a modality that does not require visual identification. The sensor platform uses nanoparticles to reversibly complex and inhibits lipase. These complexes are disrupted in the presence of bacteria, restoring enzyme activity and generating scent from odorless pro-fragrance substrate molecules. This system provides rapid (15 min) sensing and very high sensitivity (10<sup>2</sup> cfu/mL) detection of bacteria using the human sense of smell as an output.
Range imager performance comparison in homodyne and heterodyne operating modes (2008)

Range imaging cameras measure depth simultaneously for every pixel in a given field of view. In most implementations the basic operating principles are the same. A scene is illuminated with an intensity modulated light source and the reflected signal is sampled using a gain-modulated imager. Previously we presented a unique heterodyne range imaging system that employed a bulky and power hungry image intensifier as the high speed gain-modulation mechanism. In this paper we present a new range imager using an internally modulated image sensor that is designed to operate in heterodyne mode, but can also operate in homodyne mode. We discuss homodyne and heterodyne range imaging, and the merits of the various types of hardware used to implement these systems. Following this we describe in detail the hardware and firmware components of our new ranger. We experimentally compare the two operating modes and demonstrate that heterodyne operation is less sensitive to some of the limitations suffered in homodyne mode, resulting in better linearity and ranging precision characteristics. We conclude by showing various qualitative examples that demonstrate the system's three-dimensional measurement performance.
Selective Protein−Protein Interactions Driven by a Phenylalanine Interface (2005)

Highly specific protein-protein interfaces have been the subject of considerable study for their potential utility in disrupting or interrogating cellular signaling and control networks. We report that coiled-coil sequences decorated with phenylalanine core residues fold into stable alpha-helical bundles and that these self-sort from similar peptide assemblies with aliphatic core side chains. For self-assembled ensembles derived from 30-residue monomeric peptides, the DeltaG of specificity is -1.5 kcal/mol, comparable with earlier self-sorting coiled-coil systems. Intriguingly, although this interface is constructed from canonical amino acids, it does not appear to have been exploited in native proteins.
Very thin and stable thin-film silicon alloy triple junction solar cells by hot wire chemical vapor deposition (2016)

We present a silicon-based triple junction solar cell that requires a deposition time of less than 15 min for all photoactive layers. As a low-bandgap material, we used thin layers of hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium with lower band gap than commonly used, which is possible due to the application of hot wire chemical vapor deposition. The triple junction cell shows an initial energy conversion efficiency exceeding 10%, and with a relative performance stability within 6%, the cell shows a high tolerance to light-induced degradation. With these results, we help to demonstrate that hot wire chemical vapor deposition is a viable deposition method for the fabrication of low-cost solar cells.
The potential role of fibroblasts in periprosthetic osteolysis: Fibroblast response to titanium particles (1995)

Periprosthetic osteolysis with or without aseptic loosening is a major clinical problem in total hip arthroplasty. While the macrophage response to prosthetic wear debris and its role in periprosthetic osteolysis has been extensively studied, information regarding other cell types (fibroblasts, osteoblasts) is limited. This study explored the response of fibroblasts to particulate wear debris. Fibroblasts isolated from interfacial membranes of patients with failed total hip replacements and normal synovial tissue, when challenged with small-sized ( < 3 microns) titanium (Ti) particles, responded with significantly enhanced expressions of collagenase, stromelysin and, to a much lesser extent, their tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP). These "regulated" expressions at both mRNA and protein levels were correlated with the size and composition of particles. De novo protein synthesis was required for the regulation of these mRNAs. A similar effect could be induced by the treatment of the cells with particle-free conditioned medium from Ti particle-stimulated fibroblasts. Furthermore, this conditioned medium significantly suppressed the mRNA levels of procollagen alpha 1 (I) and alpha 1 (III) in osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. It is concluded that fibroblasts stimulated with certain particle debris may play an important role in periprosthetic osteolysis by releasing bone-resorbing metalloproteinases and mediator(s) which resulted in suppressed collagen synthesis in osteoblasts.
Singlet fission in a hexacene dimer: energetics dictate dynamics (2019)

Singlet fission (SF) is an exciton multiplication process with the potential to raise the efficiency limit of single junction solar cells from 33% to up to 45%. Most chromophores generally undergo SF as solid-state crystals. However, when such molecules are covalently coupled, the dimers can be used as model systems to study fundamental photophysical dynamics where a singlet exciton splits into two triplet excitons within individual molecules. Here we report the synthesis and photophysical characterization of singlet fission of a hexacene dimer. Comparing the hexacene dimer to analogous tetracene and pentacene dimers reveals that excess exoergicity slows down singlet fission, similar to what is observed in molecular crystals. Conversely, the lower triplet energy of hexacene results in an increase in the rate of triplet pair recombination, following the energy gap law for radiationless transitions. These results point to design rules for singlet fission chromophores: the energy gap between singlet and triplet pair should be minimal, and the gap between triplet pair and ground state should be large.
Using micro-CT in the context of self-healing polymers (2015)

This lecture will highlight a recent research effort of the Polymer Chemistry Research Group (UGent) in the area of autonomous self-healing polymers for which micro-CT was applied in collaboration with the Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT, UGent). In this published research (Du Prez et al 2014), thiol-isocyanate chemistry, combined with a dual capsule strategy, has been used for the development of extrinsic self-healing epoxy materials. It is shown that the amine groups present in the matrix both serve as a catalyst for the addition reaction between a thiol and an isocyanate and as a way to covalently link the healed network structure to the surrounding resin. The tapered double cantilever beam (TDCB) geometry is used for evaluating the recovery of the fracture toughness at room temperature after different healing times. Using manual injection of the healing agents into the crack, a healing efficiency up to 130 % is obtained. On the other hand, when two types of microcapsules, one containing a tetrathiol reagent and the other a low toxic isocyanate reagent, are incorporated into this epoxy thermoset (20 wt%), a recovery of more than 50 % is reached. MicroCT has been used to explain the lower self-healing efficiency. The influence of parameters such as the amount and core content of the microcapsules on the healing efficiency is investigated. Furthermore, the thiol-isocyanate chemistry has also been tested for an industrial cold-curing epoxy resin. REFERENCES Hillewaere, X. et al. (2014), “Autonomous self-healing of epoxy thermosets with thiol- isocyanate chemistry”, Advanced Functional Materials 24, 5575–5583.
The synthesis and cationic polymerization of multifunctional silicon‐containing epoxy monomers and oligomers (1994)

Abstract Several series of multifunctional silicon‐containing epoxide monomers and oligomers have been prepared using rhodium catalyzed hydrosilation reactions. Dialkyl and diarylsilanes can be condensed with vinyl epoxides to give high yields of the desired diepoxides while the hydrosilation of alkyl and aryl silanes yields a mixture of di and tri epoxy substituted products. The condensation of αω,SiH difunctional compounds with vinyl epoxides can be carried out regioselectively to give α‐hydrogen‐ω‐epoxy intermediates, which can be further reacted with di and tri olefins bearing terminal double bonds to give a series of well characterized epoxy functional oligomers. An investigation of the photoinitiated cationic polymerization of the monomers and oligomers, which were prepared during the course of these studies, was carried out. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Collateral sensitivity constrains resistance evolution of the CTX-M-15 β-lactamase (2019)

Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge to global public health. Discovery of new antibiotics is slow and to ensure proper treatment of bacterial infections new strategies are needed. One way to curb the development of antibiotic resistance is to design drug combinations where the development of resistance against one drug leads to collateral sensitivity to the other drug. Here we study collateral sensitivity patterns of the globally distributed extended-spectrum β-lactamase CTX-M-15, and find three non-synonymous mutations with increased resistance against mecillinam or piperacillin-tazobactam that simultaneously confer full susceptibility to several cephalosporin drugs. We show in vitro and in mice that a combination of mecillinam and cefotaxime eliminates both wild-type and resistant CTX-M-15. Our results indicate that mecillinam and cefotaxime in combination constrain resistance evolution of CTX-M-15, and illustrate how drug combinations can be rationally designed to limit the resistance evolution of horizontally transferred genes by exploiting collateral sensitivity patterns.
Analyses of gas-phase reactions during reactive laser ablation using emission spectroscopy (1999)

Time- and space-resolved emission spectroscopic measurements have been performed to investigate the formation of molecular species in the plasma plume generated by pulsed-laser ablation of Al, C and Ti targets in either N2 or O2 low-pressure atmospheres. The recorded spectra show that the interaction between the vapour plume and the ambient gas gives rise to the partial dissociation and ionization of the ambient gas and that the formation of nitride or oxide diatomics depends strongly on the binding energies of these species with respect to dissociation potential of the gas molecules. Thus, nitride formation in the gas phase occurred only during carbon ablation while oxide molecules were detected in the plasma plume originating from every target material. The influence of the atomic mass of the target material on the gas-phase reactions is also discussed. The results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the thin-film synthesis by reactive pulsed laser deposition.
Effects of the Hexane Extract from Glycosmis parva on LPS-induced Macrophage Activation (2010)

The in vitro effect of the hexane extract from branches of Glycosmis prava on LPSinduced macrophage activation was investigated. Murine macrophages, J774A.1cells, were used in this study. The extract suppressed nitric oxide production from LPS-activated J774A.1 cells in a concentration dependent manner with IC50 44.70 μg/ml. It decreased the mRNA expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which is responsible for NO production as well as the cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) which is responsible for prostaglandins (PGs) synthesis in these activated macrophages. The extract also inhibited the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. The results from this study indicated that the hexane extract from G. parva may have anti-inflammatory activities against activated macrophages which play a significant role during inflammatory process.