gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure 3 from Estrogen Receptor Alpha Mediates Progestin-Induced Mammary Tumor Growth by Interacting with Progesterone Receptors at the <i>Cyclin D1/MYC</i> Promoters (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 177K, T47D cells were starved and then treated or not with MPA for 10 min, and processed for immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy using specific antibodies to detect pSer162 PRB and ER� (SP1, A) or pSer294 PR and ER� (M7047, B). Bar: 15�m. Co-localization between nuclear receptors was quantified using the quantitative statistical analysis for nuclear pixel overlap after 10 min of MPA treatment and was estimated using the Pearson's correlation coefficient. (C) Cellular fractionation of T47D cells was controlled by Western blot using anti-tubulin (cytoplasmatic marker, Ab4 from Thermo) or anti-Sp1 (nuclear marker, from Thermo) antibodies. Erk1/2 was used as a loading control. (D) T47D cells were starved and then treated with ICI during 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. ER� (SP1) and PR (Ab7) expression was analyzed by Western blot. Erk1/2 was used as a loading control.&lt;/p&gt;
Cyclic nucleotide gated channels as regulators of CNS development and plasticity (1997)

Cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) cation channels are critical for signal transduction in vertebrate visual and olfactory systems. Members of the CNG channel gene family have now been cloned from a number of species, from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. An important advance has been the discovery that CNG channels are present in many neurons of the mammalian brain. CNG channels act as molecular links between G-protein-coupled cascades, Ca2+-signalling systems, and gaseous messenger pathways. Perhaps most striking are recent data implicating CNG channels in both developmental and synaptic plasticity.
Towards closing the gap between hygroscopic growth and CCN activation for secondary organic aerosols – Part 3: Influence of the chemical composition on the hygroscopic properties and volatile fractions of aerosols (2010)

Abstract. The influence of varying levels of water mixing ratio, r, during the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the ozonolysis of α-pinene on the SOA hygroscopicity and volatility was investigated. The reaction proceeded and aerosols were generated in a mixing chamber and the hygroscopic characteristics of the SOA were determined with the Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS) and a Cloud Condensation Nuclei counter (CCNc). In parallel, a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) located downstream of a thermodenuder (TD) sampling from the mixing chamber, to collect mass spectra of particles from the volatile and less-volatile fractions of the SOA. Results showed that both hygroscopic growth and the volatile fraction of the SOA increased with increases in r inside the mixing chamber during SOA generation. An effective density of 1.40 g cm−3 was observed for the generated SOA when the reaction proceeded with r&gt;1 g kg−1. Changes in the concentrations of the fragment CO2+ and the sum of CxHyOz+ (short name CHO) and CxHy+ (short name CH) fragments as measured by the HR-ToF-AMS were used to estimate changes in the oxidation level of the SOA with reaction conditions, using the ratios CO2+ to CH and CHO to CH. Under humid conditions, both ratios increased, corresponding to the presence of more oxygenated functional groups (i.e., multifunctional carboxylic acids). This result is consistent with the α-pinene ozonolysis mechanisms which suggest that water interacts with the stabilized Criegee intermediate. The volatility and the hygroscopicity results show that SOA generation via ozonolysis of α-pinene in the presence of water vapour (r&lt;16.9 g kg−1) leads to the formation of more highly oxygenated compounds that are more hygroscopic and more volatile than compounds formed under dry conditions.
Ovothiols as biological antioxidants. The thiol groups of ovothiol and glutathione are chemically distinct (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOvothiols as biological antioxidants. The thiol groups of ovothiol and glutathione are chemically distinctTod P. Holler and Paul B. HopkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 14, 4837–4838Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00222a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00222a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Turbulence measurements by collective Thomson scattering in cross-field discharges (2015)

Collective Thomson scattering is a diagnostic tool often used for the study of tokamak edge and core turbulence. One of its recent and most successful applications has been for the study of instabilities in the Hall thruster plasma, to identify modes involved in electron transport. This work describes the implementation of the diagnostic for this application, and some of the detailed information concerning thruster instabilities which it has provided. 1.
Surf: an abstract model of distributed garbage collection. (2008)

Garbage collectors (GCs) automate the problem of deciding when objects are no longer reachable and therefore should be reclaimed, however, there currently exists no automated process for the design of a correct garbage collector. Formal models exist that prove the correctness of individual GCs; more general models describe a wider range of GCs but do not prove their correctness or provide a concrete instantiation process. The lack of a formal model means that GCs have been designed in an ad-hoc manner, published without proof of correctness and with bugs; it also means that it is difficult to apply experience gained from one implementation to the design of another. &#13;\nThis thesis presents Surf, an abstract model of distributed garbage collection that bridges the gap between expressibility and specificity: it can describe a wide range of GCs and contains a proof of correctness that defines a list of requirements that must be fulfilled. Surf’s design space and its requirements for correctness provide a process that may be followed to analyse an existing collector or create a new GC. &#13;\nSurf predicts the abstract behaviour of GCs; this thesis evaluates those predictions in light of the understood behaviour of published GCs to confirm the accuracy of the model. A distributed persistent implementation of the Train Algorithm is created as an instantiation of Surf and the model is used to analyse progress in the GC and drive the design of a partition selection policy that provides a lower bound on progress and therefore reduces the GC’s complexity to completeness. Tests with mesh data structures from finite element analysis confirm the progress predictions from Surf. &#13;\nPublished GCs cluster mostly in one corner of the Surf design space so this thesis explores the design of a GC at an unoccupied design point: the Tram Algorithm. Analysis via Surf leads to the prediction that Trams are capable of discovering topology in the live object graph that approximately identifies the strongly connected components, permitting O(1) timeliness that is unique to the Tram Algorithm.
Characterization of plasmas produced by a laser line focus (1985)

Plasmas produced from cylindrical and planar targets by line-focused 30-ps-duration, high-intensity (\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{14}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$), 1064-nm laser pulses have been characterized with a number of diagnostics. Detailed measurements of the morphology and expansion of the electron-density profile were made with picosecond interferometry and compared with predictions of a two-dimensional Eulerian hydrodynamic code. Microscopic filamentation structure in the center regions of the corona, and the generation of a density plateau at ${n}_{c}$/4, were features consistently observed which lack quantitative explanations. The implications of these observations for the production of optimum plasma conditions suitable for recombination or collisionally excited x-ray laser schemes are discussed.
The Evolution of Mitral Valve Surgery: 1902?2002 (2003)

The evolution of the surgical therapy of mitral valve disease emanates from original statements by British cardiologists in 1902 and anecdotal individual surgical cases in 1923 and 1925. Considerable amounts of experimental investigation during these years and after World War II in 1948 finally resulted in the widespread use of closed mitral commissurotomy, a successful therapy for noncalcified mitral stenosis. The history of mitral valve surgery then rapidly progressed with a variety of prosthetic and bioprosthetic valve devices, ultimately, to a considerable number of successful valve repair operations with prosthetic ring annuloplasty. The authors conclude with a discussion of the current status of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery, both by direct vision and robotic assistance. The entire evolution of thought and technique of mitral valve surgery is summarized in this paper from 1902-2002.
Billroth II with Braun Enteroenterostomy Is a Good Alternative Reconstruction to Roux-en-Y Gastrojejunostomy in Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy (2017)

<i>Background</i>. Although Billroth II (BII) reconstruction is simpler and faster than Billroth I or Roux-en-Y (RY) reconstruction in patients undergoing totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG), BII reconstruction is associated with several complications, including more severe bile reflux. BII Braun anastomosis may be a better alternative to RY reconstruction. <i>Methods</i>. This retrospective study included 56 consecutive patients who underwent TLDG for gastric cancer, followed by BII Braun or RY reconstruction, between January 2013 and December 2015. Surgical outcomes, including length of operation, quantity of blood lost, and postoperative complications, were compared in the two groups. <i>Results</i>. Clinicopathological characteristics did not differ between the BII Braun and RY groups. Mean length of operation was significantly longer in the RY than the BII Braun group (157.3 min versus 134.6 min, <i>p</i> < 0.010), but length of hospital stay, blood loss, and complication rate did not differ between the two groups. Ileus occurred in three patients (10.0%) in the RY group. Endoscopic findings 6 months after surgery showed bile reflux in seven (28%) patients in the BII Braun group and five (17.2%) in the RY group (<i>p</i> = 0.343), but no significant differences in rate of gastric residue or degree of gastritis in the remnant stomach in the two groups. <i>Conclusions</i>. B-II Braun anastomosis is a good alternative to RY reconstruction, reducing length of operation and ileus after TLDG.
Orbital evolution of dust in the Edgeworth–Kuiper belt zone (2015)

Orbital evolution of spherical interplanetary dust particles in the Edgeworth–Kuiper (E–K) belt zone is treated for semimajor axes 30–50 au. Various non-gravitational effects, the action of the solar electromagnetic radiation in the form of the Poynting–Robertson (PR) effect, the action of the solar wind and the interstellar gas flow are considered. The most relevant is the action of the non-radial solar wind. The non-radial component of the wind causes spiralling of dust particles from the Sun, while the other non-gravitational effects cause spiralling towards the Sun. The effect of the interstellar gas flow is of comparable importance to the PR effect. The effect of the radial solar wind with the κ-distribution is of comparable importance to the simultaneous action of the interstellar gas flow and the PR effect, if the long-term evolution of dust grains in the E–K belt zone is studied without the action of the planet Neptune. The gravity of Neptune stabilizes the dust grains in the belt when the radial solar wind is in action. Grains larger than about 40 μm can be captured into mean-motion orbital resonances with Neptune. If the non-radial solar wind plays a role, then no capture in the mean-motion orbital resonances exists and the gravity of Neptune decreases the mean lifetime of interplanetary dust particles in the E–K belt zone to 60–80 per cent in comparison with the action of the non-gravitational non-collisional effects alone. The simultaneous action of the above discussed non-gravitational effects plays a dominant role among non-gravitational effects. The action of collisions is less important at least for dust grains under the size of 40 μm.
A new assay to evaluate cell growth and drug sensitivity in culture using a cell image processor. (1988)

The use of a cell image processor for the in vitro assessment of drug effects on cell growth, cell kinetics and chromatin organization is described. We have studied the influence of two well documented cytotoxic drugs, i.e. BCNU and vincristine (VIN), on the above mentioned parameters of the P-388 mouse leukemia, MCF-7 human mammary and HBL human melanoma cell lines. The cells were cultured for 1 to 4 days on glass coverslips put in Petri dishes containing or not (control) 10, 1 or 0.1 microgram/ml medium of the drug, after which they were fixed for histology, Feulgen-stained and analyzed through a cell image processor, i.e. the System for Analytical Microscopic Biomedical Applications (SAMBA 200). Our results showed that both BCNU and VIN exerted a well-known antineoplastic effect that was assessed at three different but highly complementary levels on the same sample of cells in a very rapid and simple procedure.
Ocratoxina A en vinos, mostos y zumos de uvas elaborados en España y en otros países Europeos (1999)

The occurrence of Ochratoxin A (OA) has been determined in 267 samples of wines of different types and IX samples of grape products; 194 samples were originated from Spain and 71 of the remaining 73 samples were from other european countries. The analytical method used immunoaffinity columns and HPLC with post-column addition of ammonia, the limit of detection being 0.003 μg/l. OA was detected iii 92.3 % of the 91 red table wines, 90.6% of the 32 rose wines and 65.2 % of the 69 white wines. The mean concentrations of OA were 0.054 μg/l, 0.031 μg/l and 0.020 μg/l in red, rose and white table wines, respectively. OA was detected in 74.5 % of 47 samples of aperitif wines (sherry type) and 83.3 % of 12 samples of sparkling wines. The mean levels were 0.040 μg/l and 0.012 μg/l respectively. OA was detected in 15 out of 16 samples of dessert wines (Moscatel, Malaga, Marsala), the mean content being 1.048 μg/l. These values mean for a regular wine drinker weighing 60 kg and a mean consumption of 156.8 ml per day, a daily intake of OA that represents 1 % and 2.8 % of the tolerable daily intakes (TDI) established provisionally by JEFCA (1995) and a Nordic Experts Group (1991) respectively. These values are even lower in case of rose, white, aperitif and sparkling wines. The mean consumption of dessert wines is difficult to calculate but could be 25-50 ml per day with an occasional frequency. On those conditions, the dessert wines could represent 3.1-6.2 % and 8.7-17.4 % of both mentioned TDI. These data mean that wine consumption under normal conditions, only should contribute a minor fraction to the OA total daily intake. The mean content of OA in samples of grape must was 0.046 μg/l and was found to be 0,044 μg/l in the samples of grape juice. Given the limited number of samples analyzed, more data on the occurrence of OA in grape juices are required.
Substrate-Labeled Fluorescent Immunoassay for Phenobarbital (1980)

An assay for the anticonvulsant drug phenobarbital (PB) has been developed that is based on the principles of the substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay. A fluorogenic enzyme substrate, galactosyl umbelliferone, was covalently linked to a derivative of PB. The labeled drug, galactosyl umbelliferone-PB (GUPB), is nonfluorescent under conditions of the assay; however, hydrolysis of the galactosyl moiety by bacterial beta-galactosidase yields a fluorescent product. When GUPB is bound by antibody to PB, it is not a substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis. Thus, only GUPB not bound to antibody is hydrolyzed. In competitive binding reactions, using a fixed concentration of GUPB and a limiting amount of antibody, the PB in serum and the GUPB compete for antibody-binding sites. The fluorescence produced upon enzymatic hydrolysis of unbound GUPB is directly proportional to the concentration of PB. Unknown serum levels of PB are determined from a standard curve of fluorescent intensity versus standard PB concentrations. The assay is specific, sensitive, and easy to perform. It is carried out by adding the equivalent of 2 microliters of serum standard or unknown directly to a cuvette containing 3 ml of a buffered solution of antibody and enzyme. One-hundred microliters of GUPB is added, and the fluorescence intensity is measured after a fixed time (any time from 5 to 90 min). Using clinical specimens, our assay correlated well with a commercial enzyme immunoassay (correlation coefficient = 0.97) and had an interassay precision of less than 7%.
Comparisons of Freshly Isolated Strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus of Human Intestinal Origin for Ability to Assimilate Cholesterol During Growth (1994)

Fecal isolates of Lactobacillus acidophilus were obtained from human volunteers and tested for bile tolerance, the ability to deconjugate bile salts, and the ability to assimilate (take up) cholesterol during growth. One hundred and twenty-three of the 304 isolates of lactobacilli obtained were identified as L. acidophilus. In most cases, isolates of L. acidophilus from the same volunteer varied significantly in the amount of cholesterol assimilated, bile salt deconjugated, and bile tolerance. The two cultures from each of nine volunteers that assimilated the most cholesterol were compared as a group to select the most active cultures. Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121 (an isolate from the intestines of a pig, which in an earlier study aided significantly in controlling serum cholesterol in pigs) was included in this comparison. Significant variation in the ability to assimilate cholesterol was observed among these isolates from different volunteers. Eight of 17 isolates assimilated numerically but not significantly more cholesterol than L. acidophilus ATCC 43121, and 4 isolates assimilated significantly less. Bile tolerance and bile salt deconjugation also varied significantly among the selected isolates. Six of the selected isolates were quantitatively but not significantly better able to deconjugate bile salts than L. acidophilus ATCC 43121, but none was significantly more bile tolerant. Based on characteristics tested, isolates B7, D3, L1, 016, and 017 have the most potential of those included in this study for use as dietary adjuncts to lower human serum cholesterol.
Release of Cystic Fibrosis Airway Inflammatory Markers from Pseudomonas aeruginosa–Stimulated Human Neutrophils Involves NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Extracellular DNA Trap Formation (2014)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) airways are characterized by bacterial infections, excess mucus production, and robust neutrophil recruitment. The main CF airway pathogen is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Neutrophils are not capable of clearing the infection. Neutrophil primary granule components, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and human neutrophil elastase (HNE), are inflammatory markers in CF airways, and their increased levels are associated with poor lung function. Identifying the mechanism of MPO and HNE release from neutrophils is of high clinical relevance for CF. In this article, we show that human neutrophils release large amounts of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the presence of P. aeruginosa. Bacteria are entangled in NETs and colocalize with extracellular DNA. MPO, HNE, and citrullinated histone H4 are all associated with DNA in Pseudomonas-triggered NETs. Both laboratory standard strains and CF isolates of P. aeruginosa induce DNA, MPO, and HNE release from human neutrophils. The increase in peroxidase activity of neutrophil supernatants after Pseudomonas exposure indicates that enzymatically active MPO is released. P. aeruginosa induces a robust respiratory burst in neutrophils that is required for extracellular DNA release. Inhibition of the cytoskeleton prevents Pseudomonas-initiated superoxide production and DNA release. NADPH oxidase inhibition suppresses Pseudomonas-induced release of active MPO and HNE. Blocking MEK/ERK signaling results in only minimal inhibition of DNA release induced by Pseudomonas. Our data describe in vitro details of DNA, MPO, and HNE release from neutrophils activated by P. aeruginosa. We propose that Pseudomonas-induced NET formation is an important mechanism contributing to inflammatory conditions characteristic of CF airways.
Can localised 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy pharmacokinetics of 5FU in colorectal metastases predict clinical response? (2010)

It is recommended that future studies use chemical shift imaging at higher field strengths to better resolve tumour from normal liver. Non-localised spectroscopy retains prognostic potential by enabling straightforward detection of fluoronucleotides, which are present at very low concentrations distributed throughout the tissue.
A Load Balanced Social-Tie Routing strategy for DTNs based on queue length control (2015)

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are sparse mobile ad-hoc networks in which there is typically no complete path between the source and destination. Although many routing algorithms for DTNs have been proposed, prior works generally focus on optimizing delivery ratio and cost by finding the relay node with the highest delivery probability to the destination. In social networks, the connections among nodes, which are established via social contacts, exhibit a fat-tailed distribution in which few nodes have many connections and the majority have very few. Since current heuristic-based routing algorithms bias toward connectivity, highly connected nodes have a high probability to be selected by other nodes as their next hop. As a result, the load distribution becomes significantly unbalanced, with very few nodes handling the majority of message forwardings. In this paper, we provide empirical experiments to show the natural load imbalance of existing routing algorithms. We then introduce Load Balanced Social-Tie Routing (LBR), a routing strategy in which messages are favorably forwarded to network nodes that have both a stronger social tie with the destination and a smaller or similar queue length. This queue length control strategy aims to reduce traffic at highly connected nodes, and allows nodes of similar degrees to trade packet forwardings with each other, thus spreading the traffic more evenly across the network. Through extensive simulation studies using a real-world San Francisco cab trace, we show that LBR can achieve a comparable or better delivery ratio and cost than existing algorithms. Meanwhile, LBR distributes the load more evenly with the top 10% of network nodes handling 23% of the forwardings, compared to 37% for Epidemic routing, 43% for PROPHET, and 47% for BubbleRap.