gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequential Assembly of the Wedge of the Baseplate of Phage T4 in the Presence and Absence of Gp11 as Monitored by Analytical Ultracentrifugation (2010)

The baseplate wedge of bacteriophage T4 consists of seven gene products, namely, gp11, gp10, gp7, gp8, gp6, gp53, and gp25, which assemble strictly in this order with an exception that gp11 can bind to gp10 at any stage of the assembly. In this study, all the seven corresponding genes are expressed as recombinant proteins and all the possible combinations of the gene products are tested for interactions by analytical ultracentrifugation. No interactions among gene products that violate the strict sequential binding are observed except that gp6, gp53, and gp25 interact with each other weakly, but significantly. However, when gp6 is previously bound to the precursor complex, only gp53 binds to gp6 strongly and then gp25 binds to complete the wedge formation. This result indicates that the strict sequential association is based on the conformational change of the complex upon addition of each gene product. The binding constant between subunits in the intermediate complexes is too high to be measured. In fact, the binding of gp11 to gp10 is so tight that the binding constant could not be determined by trace sedimentation equilibrium. Also, no indication of dissociation of the intermediate complexes is found in sedimentation velocity, which indicates that other subunit interactions in the intermediate complexes are also strong. The 43.7 S complex, which formed upon addition of gp53, is a hexamer of the wedge complex and resembles the star-shaped baseplate. The s-value of the baseplate-like complex decreased to 40.6 S upon association with gp11 in spite of the increased molecular weight, which is reflected in the sharper edges of the baseplate-like structure which would have a higher friction.
Lysozyrne-DPPC Interactions in the Model Membrane, DPPC-H 2 O (1992)

The effect of the protein, lysozyme, on the hydrocarbon chain melting phase trasition of the model membrane system, DPPC-H 2 O/D 2 O, as been investigated by DSC, 1 H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. It is found that the protein binds to the lipid headgroups and that the effective lipid headgroup-headgroup interaction is increased due to lipid-protein interaction. The tryptophan residue(s) of the proteinis implicated in thisassociation. The interaction isstronger when the membrane is in the form of vesicles rather than that of lamellar stacks. The lipid headgroup-lysozyrne binding results in reduced mobility of the acyl chains as well as the headgroup of the lipid molecule.
A proactive decision making framework for condition-based maintenance (2015)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to perform an extensive literature review in the area of decision making for condition-based maintenance (CBM) and identify possibilities for proactive online recommendations by considering real-time sensor data. Based on these, the paper aims at proposing a framework for proactive decision making in the context of CBM. Design/methodology/approach – Starting with the manufacturing challenges and the main principles of maintenance, the paper reviews the main frameworks and concepts regarding CBM that have been proposed in the literature. Moreover, the terms of e-maintenance, proactivity and decision making are analysed and their potential relevance to CBM is identified. Then, an extensive literature review of methods and techniques for the various steps of CBM is provided, especially for prognosis and decision support. Based on these, limitations and gaps are identified and a framework for proactive decision making in the context of CBM is proposed. Findings – In the proposed framework for proactive decision making, the CBM concept is enriched in the sense that it is structured into two components: the information space and the decision space. Moreover, it is extended in a way that decision space is further analyzed according to the types of recommendations that can be provided. Moreover, possible inputs and outputs of each step are identified. Practical implications – The paper provides a framework for CBM representing the steps that need to be followed for proactive recommendations as well as the types of recommendations that can be given. The framework can be used by maintenance management of a company in order to conduct CBM by utilizing real-time sensor data depending on the type of decision required. Originality/value – The results of the work presented in this paper form the basis for the development and implementation of proactive Decision Support System (DSS) in the context of maintenance.
Sample transport and electrokinetic injection in a microchip device for chemical cytometry (2011)

Sample transport and electrokinetic injection bias are well characterized in capillary electrophoresis and simple microchips, but a thorough understanding of sample transport on devices combining electroosmosis, electrophoresis, and pressure-driven flow is lacking. In this work, we evaluate the effects of electric fields from 0 to 300 V/cm, electrophoretic mobilities from 10(-4) to 10(-6) cm(2)/Vs, and pressure-driven fluid velocities from 50 to 250 μm/s on sample injection in a microfluidic chemical cytometry device. By studying a continuous sample stream, we find that increasing electric field strength and electrophoretic mobility result in improved injection and that COMSOL simulations accurately predict sample transport. The effects of pressure-driven fluid velocity on injection are complex, and relative concentration values lie on a surface defined by pressure-driven flow rates. For high-mobility analytes, this surface is flat, and sample injection is robust despite fluctuations in flow rate. For lower mobility analytes, the surface becomes steeper, and injection depends strongly on pressure-driven flow. These results indicate generally that device design must account for analyte characteristics and specifically that this device is suited to high-mobility analytes. We demonstrate that for a suitable pair of peptides fluctuations in injection volume are correlated; electrokinetic injection bias is minimized; and electrophoretic separation is achieved.
Safety and efficacy of irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine (XELOXIRI) regimen with or without targeted drugs in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective cohort study (2022)

The use of the XELOXIRI regimen with or without a targeted drug was effective, with a manageable toxicity profile in Chinese patients with mCRC.
Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate and Morphogenesis in Mucor racemosus (1974)

Yeastlike cells of Mucor racemosus grown under 100% CO(2) underwent morphogenesis to hyphae after exposure to air. The addition of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) to yeastlike cultures inhibited this morphogenesis in media containing 2% glucose. The maintenance of uniformly spherical, budding cells required 1 mM dbcAMP in a defined medium containing Casamino Acids, and 3 mM dbcAMP in a medium containing yeast extract and peptone. At these concentrations, dbcAMP also induced yeastlike development in young aerobic hyphae grown in media containing 2% glucose. Removal of dbcAMP resulted in hyphal development. The endogenous cyclic AMP (cAMP) content of yeastlike cultures was measured after a shift from CO(2) to air. A fourfold decrease in intracellular cAMP preceded the appearance of hyphal germ tubes. These results indicate that cAMP plays a role in the control of morphogenesis in Mucor racemosus.
Effects of Lanthanum Boride on Oxidation of C/C Composites (1997)

Oxidation behavior of LaB6-coated C/C composites heat-treated at 500°C and 2000°C was investigated. LaB6 began to oxidize at about 500°C and converted completely to the oxides at about 1300°C. In the flowing air, LaB6 converted to the stable oxides that were not catalytically active to the oxidation of the C/C composites. In case of soot treatment, LaB6 showed effective resistance against oxidation and this effect extended above 1000°C. In case of 2000°C treatment, the diffusion of lanthanum and boron on the surface of the C/C composite was detected by energy dispersion X-ray analysis. By X-ray quantitative analysis, it was suggested that the diffusion of lanthanum and boron enhanced the ordering of graphitic structure of carbon and lowered the active sites in the C/C composites. A particular effect of oxidation resistance was illustrated by oxidation kinetic analysis.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Encapsulation Properties of Rigid and Flexible Porphyrin Cages Assembled from N-Heterocyclic Carbene–Metal Bonds (2021)

Four porphyrins equipped with imidazolium rings on the <i>para</i> positions of their <i>meso</i> aryl groups were prepared and used as tetrakis(<i>N</i>-heterocyclic carbene) (NHC) precursors for the synthesis of porphyrin cages assembled from eight NHC-M bonds (M = Ag<sup>+</sup> or Au<sup>+</sup>). The conformation of the obtained porphyrin cages in solution and their encapsulation properties strongly depend on the structure of the spacer -(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub><i>n</i></sub>- (<i>n</i> = 0 or 1) between <i>meso</i> aryl groups and peripheral NHC ligands. In the absence of methylene groups (<i>n</i> = 0), porphyrin cages are rather rigid and the short porphyrin-porphyrin distance prevents the encapsulation of guest molecules like 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO). By contrast, the presence of methylene functions (<i>n</i> = 1) between <i>meso</i> aryl groups and peripheral NHCs offers additional flexibility to the system, allowing the inner space between the two porphyrins to expand enough to encapsulate guest molecules like water molecules or DABCO. The peripheral NHC-wingtip groups also play a significant role in the encapsulation properties of the porphyrin cages.
Clinical testing of BRCA1 and BRCA2: a worldwide snapshot of technological practices (2018)

Clinical testing of <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> began over 20 years ago. With the expiration and overturning of the <i>BRCA</i> patents, limitations on which laboratories could offer commercial testing were lifted. These legal changes occurred approximately the same time as the widespread adoption of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technologies. Little is known about how these changes impacted laboratory practices for detecting genetic alterations in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer genes. Therefore, we sought to examine current laboratory genetic testing practices for <i>BRCA1</i>/<i>BRCA2</i>. We employed an online survey of 65 questions covering four areas: laboratory characteristics, details on technological methods, variant classification, and client-support information. Eight United States (US) laboratories and 78 non-US laboratories completed the survey. Most laboratories (93%; 80/86) used MPS platforms to identify variants. Laboratories differed widely on: (1) technologies used for large rearrangement detection; (2) criteria for minimum read depths; (3) non-coding regions sequenced; (4) variant classification criteria and approaches; (5) testing volume ranging from 2 to 2.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> tests annually; and (6) deposition of variants into public databases. These data may be useful for national and international agencies to set recommendations for quality standards for <i>BRCA1/BRCA2</i> clinical testing. These standards could also be applied to testing of other disease genes.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Vascular Normalization by Loss of Siah2 Results in Increased Chemotherapeutic Efficacy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 228K&lt;/p&gt;
1,4-Palladium Shift/C(sp3)–H Activation Strategy for the Remote Construction of Five-Membered Rings (2019)

1, n-Metal shift is an elegant alternative approach enabling the functionalization of remote C-H bonds from simple precursors. In this work, we report a novel and simple Pd<sup>0</sup>-catalyzed domino reaction involving 1,4-palladium shift and C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H activation and leading to (fused) five-membered rings. This method allowed access to a broad range of valuable arylidene γ-lactams and indanones and was applied to the formal synthesis of (-)-pyrrolam.
Cost modeling process maturity-COCOMO 2.0 (2002)

This paper discusses a research effort to determine the effect that Software Process Maturity has on software development effort. Case studies to date report a cumulative positive effect when increasing the Process Maturity on a project and across an Organization. A new software cost estimation model, COCOMO 2.0, is used to account of all of the factors that influence effort thus permitting the isolation of Process Maturity's effects. The results of this research will identify a short-term gain from investing in software process improvement.
Natural occurrence of cancer-preventive geranylgeranoic acid in medicinal herbs (2004)

Geranylgeranoic acid (GGA; all-trans 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-hexadecatetraenoic acid) has been shown to induce apoptosis in a human hepatoma-derived cell line, HuH-7. We aimed not only to confirm the apoptogenic properties of GGA and its derivatives, but also to search for natural GGA in medicinal herbs. GGA induced apoptosis in human hepatoma-derived cell lines, HuH-7, PLC/PRF-5, and mouse transformed hepatocyte-derived cell line, MLE-10, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but failed to induce cell death in human hepatoblastoma-derived HepG-2 and mouse primary hepatocytes in the same condition. Besides GGA, 4,5-didehydro GGA, 14,15-dihydro GGA, and 2,3-dihydro GGA were also active to induce cell death in HuH-7 cells, while 4,5-didehydro-10,11, 14,15-tetrahydro GGA, 4,5,8,9-tetrahydro GGA, farnesoic acid, and geranylgeraniol were inert. By using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, we found natural GGA as a negative ion of m/z 303.4 in a Chinese herb, Schisandra chinensis, and Schisandra GGA was identified by derivatization with both mild methylation and catalytic hydrogenation. Some other GGAs hydrogenated in the different degrees, including phytanic acid (perhydro GGA), were also found in S. chinensis. GGA and phytanic acid were detected in 24 out of 25 herbs tested. The present study is the first report of natural GGA in medicinal herbs.
Conductive polyaniline on paper as a flexible electronic material with controlled physical properties through vapor phase polymerization (2018)

Tuning of hole transport and optical properties were accomplished in polyaniline incorporated flexible paper during vapor phase polymerization process. Vapor phase polymerization of aniline using FeCl 3 as polymerizing agent was done in a reaction chamber, where the concentration of FeCl 3 on paper played the key role in tuning its properties. The energy band gap and electrical conductivity of the polyaniline incorporated paper have been tuned effectively during the polymerization process. The band gap changes from 2.45 eV to 2.65 eV, when the electrical sheet resistance varied from 1.0 ×10 5 Ω/◻ to 4.33 ×10 7 Ω/◻ in response to the different FeCl 3 concentration. The electrical sheet resistance can be tuned within a range of two order of its value. Polymer‐based electronic materials with outstanding electrical conductivity due to their delocalized molecular orbitals are of great interest in the recent development of materials chemistry and physics. Paper being a flexible substrate and incorporated with a hole transporting medium like polyaniline in its emeraldine base form will find its significant role in designing flexible electronic devices. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:2249–2255, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Bildprof is mit Weitblick (2021)

No access VDI nachrichten , page 1 - 1 Tankträume DOI doi.org/10.51202/0042-1758-2021-48-49-1 ISSN: 0042-1758 ISSN online: 0042-1758 VDI Verlag, Düsseldorf VDI Verlag, Düsseldorf Chapter Preview
Underground gasification of Rocky Mountain coal. [Hoe Creek No. 2] (1978)

Underground coal gasification offers a relatively low cost, environmentally sound method to produce clean gas from coal. The results of recent underground coal gasification tests in the U.S. have been very encouraging. A brief review of the technology is given followed by a description of Lawrence Livermore Laboratory's recent underground coal gasification experiment, Hoe Creek No. 2, in which gas of 100-150 Btu/scf was produced using air injection, and 250-300 Btu/scf when injecting steam and oxygen.
High-Efficiency Molecular Counting in Solution:  Single-Molecule Detection in Electrodynamically Focused Microdroplet Streams (1997)

We report fluorescence detection of individual rhodamine 6G molecules using a linear quadrupole to focus streams of microdroplets through the waist of a counterpropagating cw Ar(+) laser. Since the terminal velocity scales as the square of the droplet diameter, the droplet-laser interaction time was "tunable" between 5 and 200 ms by using water samples spiked with a small, variable (2-5% v/v) amount of glycerol. Fluorescence bursts from droplets containing single molecules were clearly distinguished from the blanks in real time with an average signal-to-noise ratio of about 10, limited primarily by photobleaching and droplet size fluctuations (<1%). The volume throughput rates associated with this approach (∼10 pL/s) are roughly 10(3) higher than those associated with particle levitation techniques, with minimal sacrifice in sensitivity. Total molecular detection efficiencies of about 80% (at >99% confidence) were obtained for 100 and 15 fM rhodamine 6G solutions, in good agreement with detailed theoretical calculations and statistical limitations.
Blind GSM channel estimation based on higher order statistics (2002)

The performance of many communication systems could be improved if the transmission channel was estimated blindly, i.e. without training sequences. As an example, we investigate whether, on GSM conditions, the blind channel estimation method EVI (eigen vector approach to blind identification) can compete with the non-blind least squares scheme based on the cross-correlation. For Gaussian stationary uncorrelated scattering channels, we give simulated bit error rates (BER) after Viterbi detection in terms of the mean signal-to-noise ratio (S~N~R~) for blind, non-blind, and ideal channel estimation. Averaged over three COST-207 propagation environments, EVI leads to an S~N~R~ loss of 1.1 dB only, which is quite remarkable for an approach based on higher order statistics, as just 142 samples can be used for blind channel estimation.
Pain Ratings by Patients and Their Providers of Radionucleotide Injection for Breast Cancer Lymphatic Mapping (2012)

Patient-physician pain assessment congruence over the less painful injections and their statistically similar scores with the more painful methods suggests the importance of utilizing the least painful method possible. Providers tended to underestimate patients with the highest pain ratings-those in the greatest analgesic need. Lack of statistical difference between African American and physician scores may reflect the equal-access-to-care over the entire patient cohort, supporting the conclusion that socioeconomic factors may lie at the heart of previously reported discrepancies.
FABRICATION AND ANALITICAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CARBON PASTE ELECTRODE USING CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY (2017)

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan metode pembuatan Elektrode Pasta Karbon (EPK) yang memberikan respon voltammetri yang optimum serta menguji kinerjanya menggunakan larutan K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] secara voltammetri siklik. Parameter yang dioptimasi meliputi nisbah komposisi grafit dan parafin, pemanasan grafit, sonikasi campuran grafit dan parafin, waktu penggerusan, dan lama penyimpanan EPK sebelum digunakan. Respons terbaik diperoleh saat EPK dibuat dengan nisbah campuran grafit dan parafin sebesar 7 : 3 dan grafit yang dipanaskan terlebih dahulu pada suhu 105 C selama 2 jam. Campuran grafit dan parafin terbaik diperoleh setelah sonikasi selama 30 menit dan waktu penggerusan selama 45 menit. EPK yang disimpan 2 hari sebelum digunakan menghasilkan respons terbaik. Pengukuran K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] pada rentang konsentrasi 0,1 – 125 mM menunjukkan respon linear dengan koefisien determinasi (R 2 ) sebesar 0,9998 dan 0,9991, masing-masing untuk arus puncak oksidasi dan reduksi dengan simpangan baku relatif (%SBR) sebesar 2,0% pada reaksi oksidasi dan 1,07% pada reaksi reduksi. EPK yang dihasilkan menunjukkan  stabilitas yang baik pada pemakaian selama 7 hari berturut-turut dan 96 kali pengukuran
Remote Vacuum Joint Concept for Fusion Reactors (1983)

A remotely operable vacuum duct joint has been designed by GA Technologies, Inc. The concept is applicable to large rectangular vacuum ducts, many of which are required on advanced fusion devices. The duct size chosen for this design is 1m × .4m although it may be scaled up or down for other applications. Shaft driven mechanical linkages provide a large axial force against one flange which is reacted by latch mechanisms that engage the mating flange. Drive shafts are actuated by an impact wrench handled by a remote manipulator. Remote disassembly time is about 3 hours.
Cholinergic/glutamatergic co‐transmission in striatal cholinergic interneurons: new mechanisms regulating striatal computation (2017)

It is well established that neurons secrete neuropeptides and ATP with classical neurotransmitters; however, certain neuronal populations are also capable of releasing two classical neurotransmitters by a process named co-transmission. Although there has been progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying co-transmission, the individual regulation of neurotransmitter secretion and the functional significance of this neuronal 'bilingualism' is still unknown. Striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) have been shown to secrete glutamate (Glu) in addition to acetylcholine (ACh) and are recognized for their role in the regulation of striatal circuits and behavior. Our review highlights the recent research into identifying mechanisms that regulate the secretion and function of Glu and ACh released by CINs and the roles these neurons play in regulating dopamine secretion and striatal activity. In particular, we focus on how the transporters for ACh (VAChT) and Glu (VGLUT3) influence the storage of neurotransmitters in CINs. We further discuss how these individual neurotransmitters regulate striatal computation and distinct aspects of behavior that are regulated by the striatum. We suggest that understanding the distinct and complementary functional roles of these two neurotransmitters may prove beneficial in the development of therapies for Parkinson's disease and addiction. Overall, understanding how Glu and ACh secreted by CINs impacts striatal activity may provide insight into how different populations of 'bilingual' neurons are able to develop sophisticated regulation of their targets by interacting with multiple receptors but also by regulating each other's vesicular storage. This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
(6aR,10aR)-6,6,9-Trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (2008)

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(28)H(36)O(4)S, the p-tolyl ring is inclined at 35.8° to the aromatic ring. The cyclohexene ring adopts a boat conformation and the heterocyclic ring is in a slightly distorted screw boat conformation.
Characterization of Cytomegalovirus Breakthrough Events in a Phase 2 Prophylaxis Trial of Letermovir (AIC246, MK 8228) (2015)

Our findings represent the first case of a letermovir resistance mutation emerging in the clinic, apparently because of a suboptimal prophylactic dose (60 mg/day). This is in agreement with the trial's efficacy analyses, findings of which suggest that letermovir doses of 60 mg/day and 120 mg/day are suboptimal for prophylaxis whereas a dose of 240 mg/day appears to achieve complete suppression of viremia.