gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amine composition influences apparent activity of enzyme in charged film microcapsules (1998)

It has been shown that, when captured in charged film microcapsules prepared from spermine alginate, intact viruses retain infectivity, isolated viral proteins retain immunogenicity, and trypsin retains enzymatic activity. However, it was unclear whether the greater anionic strength of hemisulfate residues such as those in carrageenan might alter protein conformation and activity unfavourably in comparison with the lesser influence of alginate carboxylates. Further, the influence of the structure of the amine used to prepare the capsules was largely unknown. To examine these questions, trypsin, used as a model protein, was encased in microcapsules prepared from iota-carrageenan and oligoamines drawn from either the homologous series spermine, spermidine, putrescine or ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine. The gross structures of encapsulated and native trypsin were compared by denaturing electrophoresis and their enzymatic activity by the method of Hummel. In all encapsulations SDS PAGE gave no evidence of alteration of protein structure. When encapsulated, the apparent activity of trypsin was reduced by about 60 to 75%, but when the capsules were lysed in hypertonic saline activity was restored. This apparent reduction in activity is attributed to the diffusional barrier imposed by the encapsulating membrane but it should be recognized that it may be the result of reversible denaturation.
Depth of Central Venous Catheter Insertion in Adults: An Audit and Assessment of a Technique to Improve Tip Position (1998)

A technique of subclavian vein catheterization is described, tailored to the individual patient, to reduce the risk of right atrial placement with central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. Using data gathered retrospectively for Quality Improvement purposes, CVC tip location was assessed. The standard technique used in our cardiac anaesthesia unit at that time was to insert all CVCs to a depth of 15 cm from the skin. We then compared CVC tip location using a new "tailored" technique. The tailored method involved measuring the distance from the skin at which venepuncture occurred and using this distance to determine depth of CVC insertion. Using the tailored technique significantly decreases the frequency with which CVC tips enter the right atrium (P < 0.001). An advantage of the tailored technique is that the distance between the most proximal and the distal ports of multi-lumen CVCs is taken into consideration, reducing the risk of extravasation via the proximal port.
INTERAÇÕES EM ESPAÇOS DE FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE INICIAL NA PERSPECTIVA DA (RE)CONSTRUÇÃO DO CURRÍCULO ESCOLAR NA MODALIDADE DE SITUAÇÃO DE ESTUDO (2016)

This article analyzes interactions between preservice teachers, teachers from high-school and from university, in a formation space for Science teaching, focusing onthe problematization of interdisciplinary approaches of experienced situations in the light of scientific knowledge. In the perspective to reflect about the implementation of changes in the school curriculum in the modality of Situation of Study, modules of triadic interaction were planned and developed between the three groups of study subjects, with attention to the complexity of the relations between diversified knowledge that integrate the processes of school knowledge construction, in the area. Audio recording followed by transcription of the speeches allowed the construction and analysis of results which referred to contributions from the interactions in the reconstruction of the school curriculum. Degrees of asymmetry mark the interlocution of the subjects, contributing for a teacher education enhanced of reflections and thematizations about formative aspects, such as: the concretization of curricular changes, the constitution of the be a teacher, the difficulties and insecurities associated to the teaching practice, the disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity in the teaching, the vision of the curriculum as collective production.
EVALUATION OF PERORAL VIDEOCHOLANGIOSCOPY USING NARROW‐BAND IMAGING FOR DIAGNOSIS OF INTRADUCTAL PAPILLARY NEOPLASM OF THE BILE DUCT (2009)

Our results presented here suggest that the depiction ability of the margin of lesions by NBI observation is superior to conventional observation if abundant mucin can be removed sufficiently. Although further cases should be accumulated, choledochoscopy using NBI may be helpful for the observation of fine mucosal structures, resulting in diagnosis of tumor spread in patients with IPNB.
Advances and challenges in studying hepatitis C virus in its native environment (2010)

Approximately 2% of the worldwide population is infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), the major causative agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis. Although substantial progress has been made in developing tools to dissect the viral life cycle, most in vitro studies rely on hepatoma cell lines, which are functionally disparate from the natural in vivo target of the virus – hepatocytes. To gain insights into virus–host interactions, there is a need for HCV-model systems that more closely mimic the physiological environment of the liver. Here, we discuss recent advances in culture and detection systems that facilitate the study of HCV in primary cells. Use of these new models may help bridge the gap between in vitro studies and clinical research.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: effect of bile leak on smooth muscle cell proliferation. (1998)

These data suggest that the proliferative response in a TIPS is not primarily due to bile leak. Bile leak may promote thrombosis, but it appears to inhibit myointimal proliferation.
Primary HIV-1 drug resistance in Brazil (2004)

In this report we reviewed primary HIV-1 drug resistance in Brazil and compared it with that of other developed countries. An extensive survey was conducted in published studies on primary HIV-1 drug resistance in Brazil and in several developed countries in North America and Western Europe. Overall and genomic region-specific (protease or reverse transcriptase) rates were compared between countries and over time in some countries (whenever available) to detect their trend over time and in different groups of individuals (acutely or chronically infected patients). Brazil has shown primary drug resistance rates that were on average lower than in most developed countries analysed. There were no reports in Brazil showing the occurrence of multidrug-resistant HIV-1 strains circulating in drug-naive patients, in contrast to some countries. Rates of protease secondary mutations observed in Rio de Janeiro (the second largest city affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Brazil) did not show evidence of increase, but rather mutation-specific steady state equilibria. Despite the universal access to antiretroviral treatment in the country, rates of primary drug resistance are still low when compared with those of developed nations, arguing against the need for genotyping in patients before initiating therapy. The lower rates of primary drug resistance reported show that resistance should not be of concern in promoting expanded access to antiretroviral treatment in developing settings.
The Changing Face of American Corporate Law Practice (1988)

Large law firms in the United States make up only a small proportion of the bar, but they are considered powerful elites. The theories of professionalism are curiously out of place in regard to these institutions. Acting and functioning like the businesses they serve, they require new forms of theory for us to understand their role in the late twentieth century. The beginnings of such theory are suggested here. Furthermore, the demographic profTe of the elite bar and two case studies of what large law firms actually do are presented.
ECG as a Tool to Estimate Potassium and Calcium Concentrations in the Extracellular Space (2017)

Chronic kidney disease appears worldwide. In the United States, the number of patients suffering from kidney failure doubled from 1998 to 2010. A common treatment for these patients is haemodialysis. However, the frequency of deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases is up to 10% to 30% higher in patients undergoing dialysis than in the general population. To analyse the underlying effects and for a possible risk prediction, a continuous monitoring of the ionic concentrations that are influenced by dialysis is desired. In this work, a method for the reconstruction of the ionic concentrations of calcium and potassium from the ECG is proposed. In a first step, 91 monodomain simulations with the ten Tusscher ventricular cell model were performed for different extracellular ionic concentrations. From there, a standard 12-lead ECG was extracted. Calcium and potassium changes yielded ECGs clearly differing in amplitude and morphology. In a second step, the simulated ECG signals were used for reconstructing the ionic concentrations directly from the ECG. Features were extracted from the signals designed to describe changes caused by varied ionic concentrations. The inverse problem, i.e. coming back from the ECG features to the ionic concentrations was solved by regression with an artificial neural network. Results for potassium estimation yield an error of 0.000.28 mmol/l (meanstandard deviation) calculated with 7-fold cross validation. The estimation error for calcium was 0.000.08 mmol/l. Although these results underline the suitability of the method, the used ECGs differed from the observed in a clinical environment. However, simulations allow an evaluation under controlled conditions of a particular effect that was intended to be investigated. As the application to clinical data is yet missing, this study can be seen as a proof of concept showing that an artificial neural network is capable of exactly estimating potassium and calcium concentrations from ECG features.
Synthesis, structural characterization, and intercalation chemistry of two layered cadmium organophosphonates (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, structural characterization, and intercalation chemistry of two layered cadmium organophosphonatesGuang Cao, Vincent M. Lynch, and Leonard N. YaculloCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 7, 1000–1006Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00031a021https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00031a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views378Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Computerized Blood Gas Interpretation and Reporting System (1975)

With the increased sophistication of laboratory instrumentation, physician and nursing staffs are being presented with large amounts of clinical data which they are expected to interpret in order to formulate proper therapy for their patients. One of the recent advances has been the development of arterial blood gas analysis. This test now provides reliable, accurate data on the blood gas status of patients, thereby presenting information to clinical staffs which was not available before. Accompanying these improvements in technique has been a steady increase in knowledge and studies performed on various blood gas disorders.<R>1-8</R>
Amplified expression of the HER2/ERBB2 oncogene induces resistance to tumor necrosis factor alpha in NIH 3T3 cells. (1988)

Functional characterization of oncogene products that induce cellular transformation has progressed rapidly in recent years. However, less is known about the mechanism(s) by which the transformed cells may escape destruction by host immune defenses and form tumors. A recently described oncogene that has an important association with aggressive human breast carcinoma is "HER2," for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. The oncogene has also been called NGL and human c-erbB-2 (ERBB2). In this paper we show that amplification of HER2 oncogene expression can induce resistance of NIH 3T3 cells to the cytotoxic effects of recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (rTNF-alpha) or macrophages. Resistance is accompanied by an increased dissociation constant for rTNF-alpha binding to high-affinity receptors on the HER2-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. The resistance phenotype is independent of transformation since NIH 3T3 cells transformed by the activated human homologue of the Harvey-ras oncogene (HRAS) retain high-affinity binding sites for rTNF-alpha as well as sensitivity to its cytotoxic effects. These results suggest that HER2 may potentiate tumorigenesis by inducing tumor cell resistance to host defense mechanisms.
Design space exploration and implementation of RVC-CAL applications using the TURNUS framework (2013)

While research on the design of heterogeneous concurrent systems has a long and rich history, a unified design methodology and tool support has not emerged so far, and thus the creation of such systems remains a difficult, time-consuming and error-prone process. The absence of principled support for system evaluation and optimization at high abstraction levels makes the quality of the resulting implementation highly dependent on the experience or prejudices of the designer. In this work we present TURNUS, a unified dataflow design space exploration framework for heterogeneous parallel systems. It provides high-level modelling and simulation methods and tools for system level performances estimation and optimization. TURNUS represents the outcome of several years of research in the area of co-design exploration for multimedia stream applications. During the presentation, it will be demonstrated how the initial high-level abstraction of the design facilitates the use of different analysis and optimization heuristics. These guide the designer during validation and optimization stages without requiring low-level implementations of parts of the application. Our framework currently yields exploration and optimization results in terms of algorithmic optimization, rapid performance estimation, application throughput, buffer size dimensioning, and power optimization
A case of splenic sarcoidosis associated initially with hemorrhagic diathesis due to thrombocytopenia. (1989)

症例は57才,女性.歯肉出血および右下肢の出血斑を主訴に来院.血小板数の著明な低下を認めITPの診断のもとに摘脾を行ったところ,脾臓に非乾酪性類上皮細胞肉芽腫を認めサルコイドーシスと診断された.本症例は,サルコイドーシスに特徴的な皮膚症状,眼症状および呼吸器症状を認めず,血小板減少による出血症状が唯一の症状であったが,その原因として抗血小板抗体による破壊が推察され,極めてまれと考えられた.
Statistical evidence of hairpin vortex packets in wall turbulence (2001)

The structure of velocity in the outer region of turbulent channel flow ( y + [gsim ] 100) is examined statistically to determine the average flow field associated with spanwise vortical motions. Particle image velocimetry measurements of the streamwise and wall-normal velocity components are correlated with a vortex marker (swirling strength) in the streamwise–wall-normal plane, and linear stochastic estimation is used to estimate the conditional average of the two-dimensional velocity field associated with a swirling motion. The mean structure consists of a series of swirling motions located along a line inclined at 12°–13° from the wall. The pattern is consistent with the observations of outer-layer wall turbulence in which groups of hairpin vortices occur aligned in the streamwise direction. While the observational evidence for the aforementioned model was based upon both experimental and computational visualization of instantaneous structures, the present results show that, on average, the instantaneous structures occur with sufficient frequency, strength, and order to leave an imprint on the statistics of the flow as well. Results at Re τ = 547 and 1734 are presented.
Embolization for fistulas and arteriovenous malformations (2017)

An arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein. As a consequence, the blood bypasses the capillary bed. The majority of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital, but some can be acquired due to trauma, infection, or malignancy. Vascular malformations are divided into low- and high-flow lesions. Low-flow malformations are venous, lymphatic, or mixed and therefore cause congestion of either type. Pelvic AVMs may produce pain, pelvic venous congestion, sexual dysfunction, and, occasionally, high-output cardiac failure and hemorrhage. With respect to hemorrhage, this is generally a lower gastrointestinal bleed or hematuria, while hemorrhage in the abdominal cavity is extremely rare. The mainstay of treatment of high-flow AVMs is permanently closing or eliminating the vascular nidus where arterial blood is shunted to the veins. Embolization of the nidus of an AVM often requires super-selective catheterization of numerous arterial feeding branches. This is facilitated by use of coaxial microcatheter systems.
Analysis of the detective quantum efficiency of a radiographic screen–film combination (1987)

Detective quantum efficiency provides a useful measure of the imaging efficiency of imaging systems. Methods for measuring the exposure and the spatial-frequency dependence of the contrast transfer function, the noise power spectrum, and the detective quantum efficiency are developed for x-ray imaging systems. These are applied to a high-resolution screen-film combination exposed to a 30-kV-peak x-ray spectrum. The major component sources of screen-film noise in this system are identified and quantified. These are interpreted in terms of a simple model to predict the screen-film noise power spectrum and detective quantum efficiency. Reasonable agreement is found between model predictions and experimental measurements.
Recommendations for the Use of WBC Growth Factors: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update (2015)

Prophylactic use of CSFs to reduce the risk of febrile neutropenia is warranted when the risk of febrile neutropenia is approximately 20% or higher and no other equally effective and safe regimen that does not require CSFs is available. Primary prophylaxis is recommended for the prevention of febrile neutropenia in patients who are at high risk on the basis of age, medical history, disease characteristics, and myelotoxicity of the chemotherapy regimen. Dose-dense regimens that require CSFs should only be used within an appropriately designed clinical trial or if supported by convincing efficacy data. Current recommendations for the management of patients exposed to lethal doses of total-body radiotherapy, but not doses high enough to lead to certain death as a result of injury to other organs, include the prompt administration of CSFs.
F-CAM: Full Resolution CAM via Guided Parametric Upscaling. (2021)

Class Activation Mapping (CAM) methods have recently gained much attention for weakly-supervised object localization (WSOL) tasks, allowing for CNN visualization and interpretation without training on fully annotated image datasets. CAM methods are typically integrated within off-the-shelf CNN backbones, such as ResNet50. Due to convolution and downsampling/pooling operations, these backbones yield low resolution CAMs with a down-scaling factor of up to 32, making accurate localization more difficult. Interpolation is required to restore a full size CAMs, but without considering the statistical properties of the objects, leading to activations with inconsistent boundaries and inaccurate localizations. As an alternative, we introduce a generic method for parametric upscaling of CAMs that allows constructing accurate full resolution CAMs (F-CAMs). In particular, we propose a trainable decoding architecture that can be connected to any CNN classifier to produce more accurate CAMs. Given an original (low resolution) CAM, foreground and background pixels are randomly sampled for fine-tuning the decoder. Additional priors such as image statistics, and size constraints are also considered to expand and refine object boundaries. Extensive experiments using three CNN backbones and six WSOL baselines on the CUB-200-2011 and OpenImages datasets, indicate that our F-CAM method yields a significant improvement in CAM localization accuracy. F-CAM performance is competitive with state-of-art WSOL methods, yet it requires fewer computational resources during inference.
Study on the Influence of a Sustainable Medium for the Design of Multistep Processes: Three-Component Synthesis of 2-Nitroamines (2013)

An environmentally benign method was developed for the three-component, one-pot synthesis of 2-nitroamines by heating a solution of an aldehyde, an aromatic amine, and a nitroalkane in 20% water–methanol at 60 °C for five hours in the absence of a catalyst.
The Utah Anesthesia Workstation (1989)

A prototype anesthesia workstation has been developed to demonstrate the feasibility of a computer-assisted anesthesia workplace. The workstation provides a central display of information and aids the user in controlling and monitoring the anesthesia delivery system. The anesthesiologist interacts with the workstation through a Macintosh computer, which is easy for the clinician to understand and to use. Seventeen sensors and monitors transmit information from the anesthesia delivery system to the computer. The computer monitors this information using a set of rules, evaluated once each breath, to detect changes in the delivery system. If an event is detected, the computer alerts the anesthesiologist with a diagram, a text message, and an audible warning. A laboratory test of the monitoring system was performed to see if it properly identified 26 different critical events during simulated low flow and closed circuit anesthesia. Five hundred and eight-three of 660 simulated critical events (88%) were identified with the unique and correct message. On 35 occasions, multiple messages were displayed, including the correct one. Critical events were misidentified or not detected 42 times. Eight false positive alarms occurred during the 20 h of testing; all occurred as a result of baseline drift in a single transducer. These results demonstrate that a sophisticated monitoring system can reliably diagnose specific anesthesia machine failures.