gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic immune dysfunction in cancer patients driven by IL6 and IL8 induction of an inhibitory receptor module in peripheral CD8 + T cells (2020)

Many cancer patients do not develop a durable response to the current standard of care immunotherapies despite substantial advances in targeting immune inhibitory receptors 1-5 . A potential compounding issue, which may serve as an unappreciated, dominant resistance mechanism, is an inherent systemic immune dysfunction that is often associated with advanced cancer 6-12 . Minimal response to inhibitory receptor (IR) blockade therapy and increased disease burden have been associated with peripheral CD8 + T cell dysfunction, characterized by suboptimal T cell proliferation and chronic expression of IRs (eg. Programmed Death 1 [PD1] and Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 [LAG3]) 13, 14 . Here, we demonstrate that up to a third of cancer patients express robust intracellular LAG3 (LAG3 IC ), but not surface LAG3 (LAG3 SUR ), in peripheral CD8 + T cells compared to CD4 + T cells and regulatory T cells (T regs ). LAG3 IC is associated with: (i) expression of a LAG3 IC -dominant IR module that includes PD1 IC , NRP1 IC , CD39 IC , and TIGIT IC ; (ii) decreased CD8 + but not CD4 + T cell function that can be reversed by anti-LAG3 (and/or anti-PD1), despite limited constitutive surface IR expression; and (iii) poor disease prognosis. Systemic immune dysfunction is restricted to CD8 + T cells, including a high percentage of peripheral naïve CD8 + T cells, indicating a TCR-independent mechanism that is driven by the cytokine IL6 and the chemokine IL8. Thus, the combination of an increased LAG3-dominant IR module and elevated systemic IL6 and/or IL8 may serve as predictive biomarkers and increase the possibility that cancer patients will benefit from therapeutic combinations targeting these systemic cytokines in the setting of PD1 and/or LAG3 blockade.
A Modular Composite Device of Poly(Ethylene Oxide)/Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT) Nanofibers and Gelatin as a Dual Drug Delivery System for Local Therapy of Soft Tissue Tumors (2022)

In the clinical management of solid tumors, the possibility to successfully couple the regeneration of injured tissues with the elimination of residual tumor cells left after surgery could open doors to new therapeutic strategies. In this work, we present a composite hydrogel-electrospun nanofiber scaffold, showing a modular architecture for the delivery of two pharmaceutics with distinct release profiles, that is potentially suitable for local therapy and post-surgical treatment of solid soft tumors. The composite was obtained by coupling gelatin hydrogels to poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(butylene terephthalate) block copolymer nanofibers. Results of the scaffolds' characterization, together with the analysis of gelatin and drug release kinetics, displayed the possibility to modulate the device architecture to control the release kinetics of the drugs, also providing evidence of their activity. In vitro analyses were also performed using a human epithelioid sarcoma cell line. Furthermore, publicly available expression datasets were interrogated. Confocal imaging showcased the nontoxicity of these devices in vitro. ELISA assays confirmed a modulation of IL-10 inflammation-related cytokine supporting the role of this device in tissue repair. In silico analysis confirmed the role of IL-10 in solid tumors including 262 patients affected by sarcoma as a negative prognostic marker for overall survival. In conclusion, the developed modular composite device may provide a key-enabling technology for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma.
Use of a lensed fiber for a large-field-of-view, high-resolution, fiber-scanning microendoscope (2012)

We report the application of a lensed fiber to a miniaturized fiber raster scanner in order to reduce the fiber's output beam size, thereby allowing for a compact and flexible endoscope capable of a large field of view (FOV) and high spatial resolution. For a proof of principle, the fabricated lensed fiber scanner is paired with a miniaturized gradient-index assembly to achieve a one-photon lateral resolution of 1.1 μm with a FOV that has a diameter of 440 μm.
New Developments in Neoadjuvant Therapy for Lung Cancer. (2019)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and worldwide. While most patients present with advanced metastatic disease for which a cure is elusive, increased use of spiral CT screening has led to identification of more early-stage patients who can be treated. At the same time, immunotherapy and new targeted therapies have improved survival in advanced disease. These new therapies are now being studied in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings to reduce systemic recurrences and improve cure rates. The results of early clinical trials of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy alone and combined with chemotherapy, as well as those of neoadjuvant studies of molecular therapies, have been promising. Ongoing large neoadjuvant trials of immunotherapies and molecular therapies alone and in combination with chemotherapy are underway and eagerly awaited. In this article, we review these new developments in neoadjuvant therapy for lung cancer.
Classifying T cell activity in autofluorescence intensity images with convolutional neural networks (2019)

ABSTRACT The importance of T cells in immunotherapy has motivated developing technologies to better characterize T cells and improve therapeutic efficacy. One specific objective is assessing antigen-induced T cell activation because only functionally active T cells are capable of killing the desired targets. Autofluorescence imaging can distinguish T cell activity states of individual cells in a non-destructive manner by detecting endogenous changes in metabolic co-enzymes such as NAD(P)H. However, recognizing robust patterns of T cell activity is computationally challenging in the absence of exogenous labels or information-rich autofluorescence lifetime measurements. We demonstrate that advanced machine learning can accurately classify T cell activity from NAD(P)H intensity images and that those image-based signatures transfer across human donors. Using a dataset of 8,260 cropped single-cell images from six donors, we meticulously evaluate multiple machine learning models. These range from traditional models that represent images using summary statistics or extract image features with CellProfiler to deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pre-trained on general non-biological images. Adapting pre-trained CNNs for the T cell activity classification task provides substantially better performance than traditional models or a simple CNN trained with the autofluorescence images alone. Visualizing the images with dimension reduction provides intuition into why the CNNs achieve higher accuracy than other approaches. However, we observe that fine-tuning all layers of the pre-trained CNN does not provide a classification performance boost commensurate with the additional computational cost. Our software detailing our image processing and model training pipeline is available as Jupyter notebooks at https://github.com/gitter-lab/t-cell-classification .
HORMONES AND SPORT Proof of the effect of testosterone on skeletal muscle (2001)

In spite of the widespread abuse of androgenic steroids by athletes and recreational body-builders, the effects of these agents on athletic performance and physical func-tion remain poorly understood. Experimentally induced androgen deficiency is associated with a loss of fat-free mass; conversely, physiologic testosterone replacement of healthy, androgen-deficient men increases fat-free mass and muscle protein synthesis. Testosterone supplemen-tation of HIV-infected men with low testosterone levels and of older men with normally low testosterone concen-trations also increases muscle mass. However, we do not know whether physiologic testosterone replacement can improve physical function and health-related quality of life, and reduce the risk of falls and disability in older men
Bispidine derivatives as molecular tools for studies of (p-Allyl)palladium complexes : ligand synthesis and analythical applications (1998)

Determination of structural and stereochemical features of reaction intermediates in transition metal catalysed reactions is of central interest. Bispidine derivatives as ligands in (π-allyl)palladium complexes in combination with 1H NMR spectroscopy are shown to be useful tools for revealing structural characteristics of these reaction intermediates. As a support for the conclusions drawn from NMR investigations, X-ray crystallography and calculated structures were used.Complexes of bispidine derivatives with varying substitution pattern and different pre-formed bis[(η3-allyl)palladium chloride] complexes were formed. The resulting complexes were analysed with 1H NMR spectroscopy, especially regarding the inter-ligand NOEs and the chemical shift effects due to anisotropic effects. It is shown that a large steric interaction between the aromatic systems of N,N'-diphenylated bispidine derivatives and various (π-allyl)palladium systems can be obtained. This steric interaction can be used for hindering rotation around C-C single bonds in (π-allyl)palladium ligands.Furthermore, the nearness of the aromatic systems and the (π-allyl)palladium ligand give rise to anisotropic effects that, after quantification, can give information about the structure in such complexes. The inter-ligand NOEs can, in the case of a N,N-diphenyl substituted bispidine derivative, be used for assignment of relative configuration in a set of acyclic (π-allyl)palladium ligands. With a bispidine derivative carrying chiral substituents, the inter-ligand NOEs were used for assignment of absolute configuration of (π-allyl)palladium ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF HYDROXYUREA. SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF 6‐OXADIHYDROURACILS (1979)

Abstract Aus den Bromessigestern (I) erhält man mit Hydroxyharnstoff (II) die Substitutionsprodukte (III) oder auch die Cyclisierungsprodukte (IV) je nach der Menge an zugesetztem Methylat.
Magnetic resonance imaging for uterine and vaginal anomalies (2009)

MRI techniques have evolved markedly in the past several years, providing a robust method of evaluating uterine and vaginal anomalies in the pediatric patient.
Anchor Displacement Behavior during Simultaneous Load and Crack Cycling (2016)

First Name is required invalid characters Last Name is required invalid characters Email Address is required Invalid Email Address Invalid Email Address
First-order quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a LiTaO_3 waveguide (1994)

We achieved improvement in conversion efficiency in a first-order quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation device that uses a LiTaO(3) waveguide by experimentally characterizing the device process and the performances. Efficient overlaps among propagation light modes and the first-order periodically domain-inverted region are gained in a strongly confined waveguide fabricated by use of proton exchange annealed by a quick heat treatment. A blue-light power of 22 mW is obtained for a conversion efficiency of 18% by using a Ti:Al(2)O(3) laser. The observed FWHM temperature and wavelength acceptance bandwidths for second-harmonic generation power are 2.5 °C and 0.13 nm, respectively. Using this device with antireflection coating on the input and output facets of the waveguide, we generate 1.3 mW of blue light for a conversion efficiency of 4% by direct diode-laser doubling.
Antimicrobial therapy for otitis media with effusion ('secretory' otitis media). (1991)

Amoxicillin with and without decongestant-antihistamine combination is not effective for the treatment of persistent asymptomatic middle-ear effusions in infants and children.
Hypertrophic response to hemodynamic overload: role of load vs. renin-angiotensin system activation (1999)

Myocardial hypertrophy is one of the basic mechanisms by which the heart compensates for hemodynamic overload. The mechanisms by which hemodynamic overload is transduced by the cardiac muscle cell and translated into cardiac hypertrophy are not completely understood. Candidates include activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and angiotensin II receptor (AT1) stimulation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that load, independent of the RAS, is sufficient to stimulate cardiac growth. Four groups of cats were studied: 14 normal controls, 20 pulmonary artery-banded (PAB) cats, 7 PAB cats in whom the AT1 was concomitantly and continuously blocked with losartan, and 8 PAB cats in whom the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was concomitantly and continuously blocked with captopril. Losartan cats had at least a one-log order increase in the ED50 of the blood pressure response to angiotensin II infusion. Right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy was assessed using the RV mass-to-body weight ratio and ventricular cardiocyte size. RV hemodynamic overload was assessed by measuring RV systolic and diastolic pressures. Neither the extent of RV pressure overload nor RV hypertrophy that resulted from PAB was affected by AT1 blockade with losartan or ACE inhibition with captopril. RV systolic pressure was increased from 21 +/- 3 mmHg in normals to 68 +/- 4 mmHg in PAB, 65 +/- 5 mmHg in PAB plus losartan and 62 +/- 3 mmHg in PAB plus captopril. RV-to-body weight ratio increased from 0.52 +/- 0.04 g/kg in normals to 1.11 +/- 0.06 g/kg in PAB, 1.06 +/- 0.06 g/kg in PAB plus losartan and 1.06 +/- 0.06 g/kg in PAB plus captopril. Thus 1) pharmacological modulation of the RAS with losartan and captopril did not change the extent of the hemodynamic overload or the hypertrophic response induced by PAB; 2) neither RAS activation nor angiotensin II receptor stimulation is an obligatory and necessary component of the signaling pathway that acts as an intermediary coupling load to the hypertrophic response; and 3) load, independent of the RAS, is capable of stimulating cardiac growth.
Preemergence Weed Control in Soybean with Cloransulam (2004)

Field experiments were conducted from 1999 to 2001 to evaluate preemergence (PRE) activity of cloransulam on broadleaf weed species and to determine the effectiveness of cloransulam as a PRE herbicide in glyphosate-resistant soybean weed management systems. Cloransulam PRE controlled prickly sida, velvetleaf, and morningglory species even at reduced rates (recommended rate 36 g ai/ha) but only suppressed growth of Palmer amaranth, hemp sesbania, and sicklepod. Cloransulam applied PRE provided initial control or suppression of most weeds, but late-season control declined appreciably. Adding metribuzin to cloransulam PRE generally improved control of hemp sesbania, Palmer amaranth, annual grasses, and morningglory species, leading to soybean yield increases. Control of weeds was greater on a silt loam soil compared with a silty clay soil. Delayed herbicide activation by rainfall or irrigation reduced control of hemp sesbania and prickly sida and affected efficacy more than soil texture. Single postemergence (POST) applications of glyphosate or fomesafen plus fluazifop-P provided 90% or less control of most weed species. When glyphosate POST or fomesafen plus fluazifop-P POST followed PRE applications of cloransulam or cloransulam plus metribuzin PRE, control of all weeds was generally greater than 85%. The highest soybean yields were recorded from treatments that contained sequential PRE followed by (fb) POST herbicide applications. Composition of weed flora determined the effect of herbicide program on soybean seed yield. No yield benefit was gained from the sequential program when the dominant species was Palmer amaranth, which was controlled by glyphosate. When hemp sesbania was the dominant species, PRE herbicides fb glyphosate POST increased yield compared with total POST glyphosate.
The Emergence Level of the Musculocutaneous Nerve from the Brachial Plexus (2012)

This anatomical study suggests that MCN may be one of the factors explaining MCN block failure for the single-injection technique of infraclavicular block using lateral needle trajectory.
A System Analysis of Solid State Switches with Software Controlled Circuit Protection Versus Electro-Mechanical Relays with Fuses or Circuit Breakers (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Controlling electrical loads on vehicles have been a requirement since the earliest days of the automobile. Electrical load switching is normally accomplished using electro-mechanical relays, coupled with fuses or circuit breakers to protect the wiring of these circuits during electrical fault conditions. In the past decade, smart, solid-state field effect transistor switching components have been developed, in a commercially viable form, to perform this switching function with no moving parts. Circuit protection is employed in these devices through built-in hardware circuits and/or by simulated fuse functions performed in the software of a host controller. This paper uses a systems approach to establish the requirements of electrical switching in a vehicle, followed by examining the benefits and consequences of each switching technology. The comparative life cycle costs such as initial price, estimated switching life, durability to the environment, failure modes and diagnostic impacts shall be analyzed.&lt;/div&gt;
PointNet+LSTM for Target List-Based Gesture Recognition With Incoherent Radar Networks (2022)

Radar-based gesture recognition can provide autonomous electronic systems with a reliable way to infer a human's intention, e.g., in traffic environments involving vulnerable road users. Particularly in complex scenarios, algorithms operating on radar target lists derived from constant false-alarm rate outputs present an attractive solution, as they not only enable the filtering of relevant targets, but can also make full use of the diverse, high-resolution target parameters provided by modern radar sensors. Therefore, this article proposes PointNet+long short-term memory (LSTM) for the enhanced target list-based recognition of challenging traffic gestures, combining per-frame feature extraction with PointNet and learning from sequences with a LSTM. The approach is generalized to facilitate the use of multistatic radar data from sensor networks to exploit slightly different viewing angles, which is particularly helpful for motions with low radial velocity. The proposed method is validated on a comprehensive dataset comprising eight traffic gestures and data recorded from 35 participants. Measurements are conducted both indoors and outdoors with an incoherent radar sensor network comprising three chirp sequence–multiple-input multiple-output sensors. On this challenging dataset, our approach clearly outperforms a reference convolutional neural network, reaching up to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$92.2 \%$</tex-math></inline-formula> cross-validation accuracy.
An Inverse Problem for the Relativistic Boltzmann Equation (2020)

We consider an inverse problem for the Boltzmann equation on a globally hyperbolic Lorentzian spacetime $(M,g)$ with an unknown metric $g$. We consider measurements done in a neighbourhood $V\subset M$ of a timelike path $μ$ that connects a point $x^-$ to a point $x^+$. The measurements are modelled by a source-to-solution map, which maps a source supported in $V$ to the restriction of the solution to the Boltzmann equation to the set $V$. We show that the source-to-solution map uniquely determines the Lorentzian spacetime, up to an isometry, in the set $I^+(x^-)\cap I^-(x^+)\subset M$. The set $I^+(x^-)\cap I^-(x^+)$ is the intersection of the future of the point $x^-$ and the past of the point $x^+$, and hence is the maximal set to where causal signals sent from $x^-$ can propagate and return to the point $x^+$. The proof of the result is based on using the nonlinearity of the Boltzmann equation as a beneficial feature for solving the inverse problem.
Cisplatin decreases renal cyclooxygenase-2 expression and activity in rats (2011)

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is decreased in inner medulla and cortex. Consistent with this urinary PGE2 levels were reduced. These data suggest that downregulation of COX-2 is responsible for impaired de novo generation of vasodilatory prostaglandins which may play an important role for the CP induced renal vasoconstriction and development of nephropathy.
15N Tracer Techniques for the Differential Diagnosis of Dwarfism and Prediction of Growth Hormone Action in Children (1987)

[15N]Glycine in a single oral dose was used to study nitrogen turnover in 18 short children, aged 3-14 yr. On the basis of their serum GH responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, the patients were divided into 3 groups: complete GH deficiency (GHD; n = 5); partial GH deficiency (pGHD; n = 6), and children with constitutional growth delay and familial short stature (CGD/FSS; n = 7). The mean 48-h renal excretion of 15N by patients with GHD was 66.09 +/- 14.12% (+/- SD) of the tracer dose. This decreased to 27.64 +/- 5.33% after two injections of 10 IU/m2 GH (P less than 0.001). 15N excretion by patients with pGHD was 47.19 +/- 13.42%, and it decreased after GH injection to 22.69 +/- 4.58% (P less than 0.005). Patients with CGD/FSS had 15N excretion of 37.27 +/- 5.68%, and it did not change in response to GH. The mean protein synthesis rate in GHD patients was extremely low, and it increased after GH injection from 0.99 +/- 0.46 to 3.53 +/- 0.43 g/kg X day. In pGHD patients the protein synthesis rate increased from 2.62 +/- 0.84 to 4.50 +/- 1.09 g/kg X day. The CGD/FSS patients had no change in protein synthesis rate after GH. Our results suggest that studies of the metabolism of [15N]glycine might be of value in predicting responsiveness to GH therapy.
Chinese Story Generation Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (2020)

Natural language processing has become popular considerably in a wide range of applications, but it still has been rarely applied to automatic text generation. In this paper, we focus on allowing the user to determine which content the machine is to narrate and the user can just give a summary to generate a complete paragraph. Based on the attention mechanism, we propose a Syntax-Guided Machine Reading Comprehension (SG-Net) to accept Chinese word vectors, learn from Chinese data sets, and semi-supervised self-growing generative adversarial network (SG-GAN) generate sequences with more realistic sequences. In order to reasonably evaluate the quality of the text produced by the machine, we also design a set of experiments by manipulating the content of the input sequence semantic information. It can be seen from the experimental results that both SG-Net and SG-GAN can understand the basic semantics and grammar and write a readable article. In summary, SG-Net may only recite the statements that have been read and SG-GAN can understand more semantic and grammar than SG-Net.