gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Culturologie en politiek (1993)

De politieke mogelijkheden en opportuniteiten zijn in een belangrijke mate functie van de culturologische kenmerken, structuren (synchronische dimensie) en dynamieken (diachronische dimensie). Voor een politicus is het bijgevolg van primordiaal belang deze structuren en dynamieken zo goed mogelijk te kennen, te begrijpen, te kunnen manipuleren. Deze structuren en beperkingen zijn niet absoluut. Ze zijn veeleer tendensen, richtingaanwijzers, die in een belangrijke mate de gestelde handelingen en gebeurtenissen kleuren en duiden. Ze blijken ook in een belangrijke mate benvloedbaar en kneedbaar te zijn. Men moet ze dus niet als absolute gegevens, maar als bouwstenen, elementen in een constructie met een specifiek vormgeheugen beschouwen, die onder bepaalde condities op een specifieke manier reageren.
Xenon triggers pro-inflammatory effects and suppresses the anti-inflammatory response compared to sevoflurane in patients undergoing cardiac surgery (2015)

This clinical trial was approved by the European Medicines Agency (EudraCT-number: 2010-023942-63) and at ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01285271 ; first received: January 24, 2011).
Development of chloroorganics detector using quartz crystal microbalance (2002)

A high sensitivity chloroorganics detector of the crystal-oscillator type has been developed. The advantages of this type of detector are the ability of continuous monitoring and adoption of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) method. Chloroorganics are detected by oscillation frequency change due to the weight of the absorbed gas. By this experiment, it has been understood that the identification of the sample is also possible at the same time as measuring the concentration. The measurement is done by comparing the measured results by two or more QCM covered with different lipid within the range of 1000 ppm.
Hydropower Case Study Collection: Innovative Low Head and Ecologically Improved Turbines, Hydropower in Existing Infrastructures, Hydropeaking Reduction, Digitalization and Governing Systems (2020)

Hydropower remains a key renewable energy source in the pursuit of the decarbonization of the economy, although the relatively high potential impact of the hydro-morphological alterations it may cause poses significant concerns for aquatic ecosystems. In the last years, new technologies and practices have been increasingly adopted to minimize the impacts of hydropower plants, while improving efficiency and flexibility of energy generation. The overall effect of these innovations may be a more sustainable design and operation of hydropower, striking a better balance between the objectives of decarbonization and ecosystem protection. This contribution presents and discusses a few representative examples of hydropower installations from companies in Italy, France, Switzerland, Belgium and the USA, where solutions have been adopted in this direction. The case studies cover (1) ecologically improved and low head hydropower converters (Vortex turbine, Hydrostatic Pressure Machine, VLH and Girard-optimized turbines, hydrokinetic turbines), hydropeaking reduction (2) new control systems, governors and digitalization, (3) hydropower as a strategy for local sustainable development and (4) energy recovery in existing hydraulic infrastructures and aqueducts. It was found that better-governing systems can extend the life span of runners, for example avoiding the runner uplift during a trip. Digitalization can improve efficiency by 1.2%. New sustainable practices and turbines with better ecological behavior can minimize environmental impacts, like the reduction of fish mortality, improvement of fish habitat availability, reduction of oil for lubrication purposes and generation of economic incomes for local development. The use of existing structures reduces the total installation cost: examples are the total saving of 277 €/kW by reusing irrigation pipes and reservoirs, or the reduction of the investment period from 9 years to 6 years by turbining the environmental flow. Innovative low head hydropower converters can exhibit good ecological behavior, with reduced costs (&lt;5000 €/kW) especially when installed in existing weirs. Results are discussed, contextualized and generalized to provide engineering data and tools to support future realizations of similar case studies; normalized costs, efficiency improvement, best practices and new technologies are discussed.
On the Convergence of Mirror Descent beyond Stochastic Convex Programming (2020)

In this paper, we examine the convergence of mirror descent in a class of stochastic optimization problems that are not necessarily convex (or even quasi-convex) and which we call variationally coherent. Since the standard technique of “ergodic averaging” offers no tangible benefits beyond convex programming, we focus directly on the algorithm's last generated sample (its “last iterate''), and we show that it converges with probabiility 1 if the underlying problem is coherent. We further consider a localized version of variational coherence which ensures local convergence of Stochastic mirror descent (SMD) with high probability. These results contribute to the landscape of nonconvex stochastic optimization by showing that (quasi-)convexity is not essential for convergence to a global minimum: rather, variational coherence, a much weaker requirement, suffices. Finally, building on the above, we reveal an interesting insight regarding the convergence speed of SMD: in problems with sharp minima (such as generic linear programs or concave minimization problems), SMD reaches a minimum point in a finite number of steps (a.s.), even in the presence of persistent gradient noise. This result is to be contrasted with existing black-box convergence rate estimates that are only asymptotic.
Supplementary Figure 2 from A Novel Germline Mutation in <i>BAP1</i> Predisposes to Familial Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 233K, VHL mutation status in some but not all tumors from Family NCI-1326.&lt;/p&gt;
Cover Picture: Methane Activation and Catalytic Ethylene Formation on Free Au2+ (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 5/2010) (2010)

Cooperation is the key in the gas-phase formation of ethene by gold-dimer cations. As the cycle in the cover picture shows, two methane molecules are required to initiate the dehydrogenation step. A third methane molecule then cooperatively triggers the release of ethylene. The background shows submarine methane evolution, which represents an important geological methane source. In their Communication on page 980 ff. T. M. Bernhardt, U. Landman, and co-workers present the results of their combined gas-phase and theoretical investigation.
Pt metallization of laser transformed medical grade silicone rubber: Last step toward a miniaturized nerve electrode fabrication process (2009)

Chronic nerve recording and stimulation became possible through the use of implanted electrodes cuffs. In particular, self-sizing spiral electrode cuffs limit mechanical damage to the tissue: these have been shown to be suitable for long term implantation in animal and in man. However, up to now, such electrode cuffs were handmade and were hardly reproducible. They possessed a small number of electrodes (dot contacts), each being linked to its own wire. In order to improve the selectivity of nerve recording and/or stimulation (functional electrical stimulation), the numbers of electrodes and tracks have to be increased within the same electrode cuff surface. To fulfill this requirement, we have developed a fabrication process that uses an UV laser to induce surface modification, which activates the silicone rubber and is used with a mask to give high definition tracks and electrodes. After this primary step, silicone rubber is immersed in a Pt autocatalytic bath leading to a selective Pt metallization of the laser activated tracks and electrodes. We report our process as well as the results on the Pt metallization, including its morphology, how the DC resistance of Pt tracks depends on the laser used and the irradiation conditions, and also the electrical resistance of Pt tracks submitted to Scotch tape tests or to imposed strains. We show that (i) the type of laser and the irradiation conditions have a strong influence on the nucleation and growth rate of platinum and thus on the DC resistance of the tracks, (ii) the tracks of width 400 μm and thickness 10 μm have a sheet resistivity of 0.2 Ω/sq, (iii) DC resistance does not change much during a 6 month soak in saline, (iv) strains above 2% breaks the track continuity, and (v) when strains below 53% are relaxed, the DC resistance returns to a low value. This recovery from large tensile strains means that nerve cuffs with such metallization could be handled by the surgeon without great care before and during implantation.
Erratum: Single-photon sensitive light-in-flight imaging (2015)

Nature Communications 6: Article number: 6021 (2015); Published 27 January 2015; Updated 25 February 2015. The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of ‘flight’ in the title of the paper. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML version of the Article.
Three-dimensional ordered macroporous MnO2/carbon nanocomposites as high-performance electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitors (2013)

MnO2/carbon composites with ultrathin MnO2 nanofibers (diameter of 5-10 nm) uniformly deposited on three dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) carbon frameworks were fabricated via a self-limiting redox process. The MnO2 nanofibers provide a large surface area for charge storage, whereas the 3DOM carbon serves as a desirable supporting material providing rapid ion and electron transport through the composite electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to characterize the capacitive performance of these composites. Optimization of the composition results in a composite with 57 wt% MnO2 content, which gives both a high specific capacitance (234 F g(-1) at a discharge current of 0.1 A g(-1)) and good rate capability (52% retention of the capacitance at 5 A g(-1)). An asymmetric supercapacitor was fabricated by assembling the optimized MnO2/carbon composite as the positive electrode and 3DOM carbon as the negative electrode. The asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits superior electrochemical performances, which can be reversibly charged and discharged at a maximum cell voltage of 2.0 V in 1.0 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte, delivering both high energy density (30.2 W h kg(-1)) and power density (14.5 kW kg(-1)). Additionally, the asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits an excellent cycle life, with 95% capacitance retained after 1000 cycles.
Vasodilatory Effects of Carvedilol and Pindolol (1987)

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology™ is a peer reviewed, multidisciplinary journal that publishes original articles and pertinent review articles on basic and clinical aspects of cardiovascular pharmacology. Appropriate subjects include new drug development and evaluation, physiological and pharmacological bases of drug action, metabolism, drug interactions and side effects, clinical results with new and established agents and novel methods. The focus is on pharmacology in its broadest applications, incorporating not only traditional approaches, but new approaches to the development of pharmacological agents and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Amino Alcohols via Mannich Reactions. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Letters (1996)

LIMITATIONS OF DOPPLER ASSESSMENT TOPICAL USE OF GENTAMICIN
Hepatic cholesterol metabolism in normo- and hyperlipidemic patients with cholesterol gallstones. (1979)

In vivo studies have shown abnormalities in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in primary hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). The aim of the present investigation was to determine if the increased production of cholesterol in HLP type IV can be attributed to a correspondingly high level of the hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase activity and if the low cholic acid: chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis ratio in HLP type II is due to some hydroxylase deficiency. Liver biopsies from 26 normolipidemic and 25 hyperlipidemic (10 type IIa, 6 type IIb, and 9 type IV) patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy were assayed for HMG CoA reductase activity, 12 alpha-hydroxylase activity, and 25-hydroxylase activity. The HMG CoA reductase activity was normal in HLP type IIa and type IIb and was increased about twice HLP type IV (P less than 0.001). The 12 alpha- and 25-hydroxylase activities were normal in all groups of patients. The results are compatible with a normal cholesterol synthesis in the liver in HLP type II. A reduced 12 alpha- or 25-hydroxylase activity cannot explain the low production of cholic acid relative to chenodeoxycholic acid in this type of HLP. The elevated HMG CoA reductase activity found in the liver of type IV patients may, however, be part of the explanation for the elevated synthesis of cholesterol often seen in these patients.
Incremental diagnostic utility of systematic whole body SPECT/CT for bone scintigraphy in initial staging of cancer patients (2016)

1520 Objectives The use of SPECT/CT has been shown to increase the diagnostic performance of bone scintigraphy for staging of malignancies. A systematic whole body (WB) SPECT/CT may allow further improvement. However, this would be balanced by higher dosimetry and longer acquisition time. The aim of this study was to assess the incremental diagnostic utility of a systematic WB SPECT/CT acquisition for bone scintigraphy in initial staging of cancer patients. Methods Consecutive patients referred for bone scintigraphy for initial staging of malignancy from February to June 2014 were analyzed. All patients underwent a two-bed WB SPECT/CT acquisition of the trunk (from the cervical spine to the proximal femora) on a Symbia/Intevo T6 gamma-camera. Images were interpreted by two nuclear medicine physicians in a 3-step procedure. Firstly, only WB planar images were used; secondly, one additional single bed SPECT/CT chosen based on planar images was used; finally, WB planar and SPECT/CT images were available for interpretation. Lesions were classified as benign, equivocal or suspicious for metastasis. A per-lesion, per-anatomical region and per-patient analysis was performed. Results 102 patients were analyzed (prostate n = 67, breast n = 17, lung n = 6, bladder n = 6, kidney n = 4, other n = 2). In a per-lesion analysis, the number of equivocal and suspicious lesions was 91 and 241 using WB planar images, 17 and 259 using a single-bed SPECT/CT acquisition and 11 and 269 using WB SPECT/CT images, respectively. In a per-anatomical region analysis, the number of equivocal and suspicious regions was 67 and 57 using WB planar images, 10 and 63 using one single-bed SPECT/CT and 7 and 71 using WB SPECT/CT, respectively. In a per-patient analysis, the diagnostic conclusion was “no evidence of disease”, “equivocal” or “evidence of disease” in 35, 53 and 14 patients using WB planar images, 77, 6 and 19 patients using an additional single-bed SPECT/CT and 76, 7 and 19 using WB SPECT/CT images, respectively. Only one patient had a different diagnostic conclusion based on systematic WB SPECT/CT (equivocal scan) as compared with the single-bed SPECT/CT (no evidence of disease). Guided biopsy of the equivocal lesion did not show malignancy. Conclusions As previously demonstrated, adding a single-bed SPECT/CT to whole body planar bone scintigraphy reduced the proportion of indeterminate results for initial staging of malignancy.
Although a systematic WB SPECT/CT acquisition slightly increased the number of suspicious anatomical regions as compared with one single bed SPECT/CT acquisition, there was no benefit in terms of patient’s management, the only discrepancy resulting in an unnecessary biopsy. Further taking into account dosimetric considerations and acquisition time, it does not appear to have an incremental diagnostic utility to perform a systematic WB SPECT/CT acquisition for bone scintigraphy in initial staging of cancer patients.
Precipitation of Dopants in Silicon-Germanium Thermoelectric Alloys (1972)

Precipitation of phosphorus and boron dopants has been observed in a silicon-germanium alloy thermoelectric couple. The couple was life tested in a thermal gradient of 1050 to 370 °C for 39 210 h. Electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and the derived carrier concentration are reported as a function of temperature.
Cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation does not attenuate dynamic vagal control of heart rate via α-adrenergic mechanism (2004)

Complex sympathovagal interactions govern heart rate (HR). Activation of the postjunctional beta-adrenergic receptors on the sinus nodal cells augments the HR response to vagal stimulation, whereas exogenous activation of the presynaptic alpha-adrenergic receptors on the vagal nerve terminals attenuates vagal control of HR. Whether the alpha-adrenergic mechanism associated with cardiac postganglionic sympathetic nerve activation plays a significant role in modulation of the dynamic vagal control of HR remains unknown. The right vagal nerve was stimulated in seven anesthetized rabbits that had undergone sinoaortic denervation and vagotomy according to a binary white-noise signal (0-10 Hz) for 10 min; subsequently, the transfer function from vagal stimulation to HR was estimated. The effects of beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol (1 mg/kg i.v.) and the combined effects of beta-adrenergic blockade and tonic cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation at 5 Hz were examined. The transfer function from vagal stimulation to HR approximated a first-order, low-pass filter with pure delay. beta-Adrenergic blockade decreased the dynamic gain from 6.0 +/- 0.4 to 3.7 +/- 0.6 beats x min(-1) x Hz(-1) (P < 0.01) with no alteration of the corner frequency or pure delay. Under beta-adrenergic blockade conditions, tonic sympathetic stimulation did not further change the dynamic gain (3.8 +/- 0.5 beats x min(-1) x Hz(-1)). In conclusion, cardiac postganglionic sympathetic nerve stimulation did not affect the dynamic HR response to vagal stimulation via the alpha-adrenergic mechanism.
Decoration of vertical graphene with aerosol nanoparticles for gas sensing (2015)

A facile method was demonstrated to decorate aerosol Ag nanoparticles onto vertical graphene surfaces using a mini-arc plasma reactor. The vertical graphene was directly grown on a sensor electrode using a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method. The aerosol Ag nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple vapor condensation process using a mini-arc plasma source. Then, the nanoparticles were assembled on the surface of vertical graphene through the assistance of an electric field. Based on our observation, nonagglomerated Ag nanoparticles formed in the gas phase and were assembled onto vertical graphene sheets. Nanohybrids of Ag nanoparticle-decorated vertical graphene were characterized for ammonia gas detection at room temperature. The vertical graphene served as the conductance channel, and the conductance change upon exposure to ammonia was used as the sensing signal. The sensing results show that Ag nanoparticles significantly improve the sensitivity, response time, and recovery time of the sensor.
Integrated filtering in a planar array of connected dipoles including a common-mode rejection module (2012)

A smart design strategy for a planar X-band phased-array antenna of connected dipoles with inherent filtering properties is described. As shown in previous works, the use of a common-mode rejection module is necessary in order to suppress undesired resonances excited when scanning on the E-plane. In the present solution, part of the filtering function is performed by the dipole, acting as first resonator, while the other part is integrated in the common-mode rejection module consisting in a planar hybrid-ring. As shown in the simulation results, scanning capabilities up to 45° in the H-plane and up to 30° for the E-plane are achievable with a fractional bandwidth of 21%.
Pyrimidine‐Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework and its Cobalt Complex as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2021)

A pyrimidine-modified covalent organic framework (COF-Pyr) was designed to be synthesized via the Povarov reaction. The nitrogen atom on the pyrimidine showed excellent coordination ability to metal ions. Their stable metal composite material (Co@COF-Pyr) exhibited remarkable performance for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1.0 m KOH aqueous solution. The overpotential was 450 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> . The Co@COF-Pyr with large specific surface area (392 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> ) and regular crystal structure provided free passage for H<sub>2</sub> O to move and make them fully contact with the uniformly dispersed cobalt ions on the surface. Thus, the turnover frequency of Co@COF-Pyr was 0.1 s<sup>-1</sup> at the overpotential of 370 mV, which was higher than most reported OER catalysts. This work provided a new way to design and prepare nitrogen-containing heterocyclic functionalized COFs. They can be combined with metal ions to expand the application of COFs in the field of electrocatalysis.
Payload Delivery: Engineering Immune Cells to Disrupt the Tumour Microenvironment (2021)

Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown impressive clinical success against haematological malignancies such as B cell lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, their efficacy against non-haematological solid malignancies has been largely disappointing. Solid tumours pose many additional challenges for CAR T cells that have severely blunted their potency, including homing to the sites of disease, survival and persistence within the adverse conditions of the tumour microenvironment, and above all, the highly immunosuppressive nature of the tumour milieu. Gene engineering approaches for generating immune cells capable of overcoming these hurdles remain an unmet therapeutic need and ongoing area of research. Recent advances have involved gene constructs for membrane-bound and/or secretable proteins that provide added effector cell function over and above the benefits of classical CAR-mediated cytotoxicity, rendering immune cells not only as direct cytotoxic effectors against tumours, but also as vessels for payload delivery capable of both modulating the tumour microenvironment and orchestrating innate and adaptive anti-tumour immunity. We discuss here the novel concept of engineered immune cells as vessels for payload delivery into the tumour microenvironment, how these cells are better adapted to overcome the challenges faced in a solid tumour, and importantly, the novel gene engineering approaches required to deliver these more complex polycistronic gene constructs.