gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Alkylation and Structural Investigation of 2‐Vinyl Derivatives of Pyrrolo(1,2‐a)indoles. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bendamustine hydrochloride activity against doxorubicin-resistant human breast carcinoma cell lines (1996)

The cytotoxic activity of bendamustine hydrochloride was evaluated against human ovarian and breast carcinoma cell lines including cell lines resistant to cisplatin and doxorubicin in vitro. The relative degree of resistance to bendamustine hydrochloride was lower in all cell lines compared with cyclophosphamide, melphalan and BCNU, suggesting only incomplete cross-resistance. Furthermore lower levels of resistance were also observed in all breast cancer cell lines when bendamustine hydrochloride was compared with cisplatin. Bendamustine hydrochloride also presents good activity in cell line MCF 7 AD, which is approximately 80-fold resistant to doxorubicin compared with MCF 7. Basic glutathione levels and activity of glutathione-S-transferase showed no correlation to the IC50 values for bendamustine hydrochloride in the cell lines. When given at equitoxic concentrations, bendamustine hydrochloride consistently induced more DNA double-strand breaks than melphalan, cyclophosphamide or BCNU. In addition, removal of DNA double-strand breaks induced by bendamustine hydrochloride was relatively slow with the majority of DNA double-strand breaks still being detectable after 24 h. These findings indicate differences in the interaction between bendamustine hydrochloride and DNA, and may explain the lack of complete cross-resistance between bendamustine hydrochloride and the other alkylating agents.
Historiographs, Librarianship and the History of Science (1974)

The study of the history of science has recently taken on new importance as an academic discipline. It’s easy to see why. With the pace and complexity of scientific developments accelerating, the need for improved guidelines for scientific research becomes more obvious each day. As critical as today’s dilemmas of pesticides, pollution, and nuclear weapons are, applications of current scientific research could produce far more serious problems in the future. For example, the work of molecular biologists could produce a happier, healthier world population or, as suggested by some, it could produce
Heavily B-Doped Epitaxial Si Films Grown by Photochemical Vapor Deposition at Very Low Temperature ( <200° C) (1995)

Heavily B-doped epitaxial Si films were grown by photochemical vapor deposition (photo-CVD) using a gas mixture of SiH 4 , H 2 , SiH 2 Cl 2 and B 2 H 6 in the substrate temperature range of 160-210° C. The electrical and optical properties of the obtained films were evaluated. The most striking result was that B atoms in the as-grown films were almost 100% neutralized even though the hole concentration was increased to 1.3×10 20 cm -3 by annealing. It was found that the hole concentration increased as a stretched-exponential function of the annealing time, and an infrared absorption band at 2210 cm -1 , which is regarded as a B-related band, appeared as the B-doping quantity was increased. The neutralization of B is considered to be related to H atoms in the films.
Mycetome endosymbionts of tsetse flies constitute a distinct lineage related to Enterobacteriaceae (1995)

Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) harbour two morphologically different endosymbionts intracellularly associated with gut tissue: a primary (P) and a secondary (S) organism. The P-endosymbiont is a gram-negative rod, 8-10 microns in size, and resides intracellularly within specialized cells, mycetocytes which are organized into an organelle (mycetome), in the anterior portion of the gut. The S-endosymbiont is a smaller (1-2 microns) gram-negative rod and is harboured in the epithelial sheath cells in midgut. Phylogenetic characterization of S-endosymbionts from taxonomically distant insects including tsetse flies has shown that they are related to the free-living bacterium, Escherichia coli, and are members of the family Enterobacteriaceae within the gamma-3 subdivision of Proteobacteria. In this study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay was designed utilizing the conserved sequences of 16S rDNA in order to phylogenetically characterize the mycetome-associated P-endosymbionts directly from tsetse mycetome tissue. Analysis from five species of flies representing the three major subgenera of genus Glossina indicates that P-endosymbionts constitute a distinct lineage within the gamma-3 subdivision of Proteobacteria. Mycetome endosymbiont phylogeny appears to parallel the classic taxonomic assignments independently developed for their insect host species. This suggests an ancient association for this symbiosis, which may have subsequently radiated with time, giving rise to the current species of tsetse flies and their modern-day endosymbionts. Based on endosymbiont phylogeny, the fusca flies constitute the most ancient subgenus, followed by the morsitans and palpalis groups.
Aerodynamic/acoustic performance of YJ101/double bypass VCE with coannular plug nozzle (1981)

Results of a forward Variable Area Bypass Injector test and a Coannular Nozzle test performed on a YJ101 Double Bypass Variable Cycle Engine are reported. These components are intended for use on a Variable Cycle Engine. The forward Variable Area Bypass Injector test demonstrated the mode shifting capability between single and double bypass operation with less than predicted aerodynamic losses in the bypass duct. The acoustic nozzle test demonstrated that coannular noise suppression was between 4 and 6 PNdB in the aft quadrant. The YJ101 VCE equipped with the forward VABI and the coannular exhaust nozzle performed as predicted with exhaust system aerodynamic losses lower than predicted both in single and double bypass modes. Extensive acoustic data were collected including far field, near field, sound separation/ internal probe measurements as Laser Velocimeter traverses.
Cytokine-free directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells efficiently produces hemogenic endothelium with lymphoid potential (2017)

The results of this study substantiate a method that significantly reduces the complexity of current protocols for hematopoietic induction, offers a defined system to study the factors that affect the early stages of hematopoiesis, and provides a new route of lymphoid and myeloid cell derivation from human pluripotent stem cells, thus enhancing their use in translational medicine.
Toward Understanding the Rates of Reactions at Mineral Surfaces (1998)

Environmental geochemists are commonly called upon to make predictions over long scales of time and distance. In many cases, these predictions involve disequilibrium reactions, such as the decomposition of ozone-depleting gases or the migration rates of groundwater contaminants. These groundwater contaminants interact with mineral surfaces in a complicated fashion that is not understood quantitatively. However, in a real sense, mineral dissolution studies are to the aqueous geochemists what &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt; are to microbiologists: an inexpensive model system to map out important kinetic relations that can then be extended qualitatively to other settings.&lt;br /&gt;In this chapter we argue that it is enormously useful to draw analogies between reactions at mineral surfaces and at dissolved metal-ligand complexes. In this approach, the reactivities of bonds between a metal and a water molecule or ligand in the inner-coordination-sphere of the dissolved complex are proxies for bonds between a metal and oxygen at the mineral surface, which cannot be studied directly.&lt;br /&gt;This comparison is useful for two reasons. First, some features of detachment of a metal from a dissolving mineral may be mechanistically similar to solvent motion in dissolved complexes; after all, the general coordination chemistries are similar (Table 1). If so, then the elementary reactions in dissolved metal-ligand complexes provide a guide to similar reactions at the surface of a mineral.&lt;br /&gt;Secondly, and perhaps more importantly, reactivities may correlate even if there is no profound mechanistic similarity. The rates of water exchange around dissolved metal-ligand complexes, for example, scale with rates of solvent motion in nonaqueous, relatively nonpolar, solvents, such as diketones, over a range of reactivities of 10&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt; (e.g., Kida and Saito, 1988). While reactions proceed more slowly at surfaces than in solution, the reactivity trends and ranges are commonly similar. We argue that the rates depend upon the acid-base properties of surface oxygens, the characters of the incoming and outgoing ligands, and the metal-oxygen and metal-ligand bond strengths.
Bus-invert coding for low-power I/O (1995)

Technology trends and especially portable applications drive the quest for low-power VLSI design. Solutions that involve algorithmic, structural or physical transformations are sought. The focus is on developing low-power circuits without affecting too much the performance (area, latency, period). For CMOS circuits most power is dissipated as dynamic power for charging and discharging node capacitances. This is why many promising results in low-power design are obtained by minimizing the number of transitions inside the CMOS circuit. While it is generally accepted that because of the large capacitances involved much of the power dissipated by an IC is at the I/O little has been specifically done for decreasing the I/O power dissipation. We propose the bus-invert method of coding the I/O which lowers the bus activity and thus decreases the I/O peak power dissipation by 50% and the I/O average power dissipation by up to 25%. The method is general but applies best for dealing with buses. This is fortunate because buses are indeed most likely to have very large capacitances associated with them and consequently dissipate a lot of power.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Number portability for telecommunication networks (1999)

Number portability is a telecommunication network function, which allows subscribers to switch services, service providers, or locations without changing their telephone numbers. Near-term number portability is typically implemented by existing telecommunication services such as remote call forwarding. Long-term number portability can be implemented under the advanced intelligent network (AIN) platform. This article focuses on the routing issues for number portability. We introduce the number portability issues and provide a tutorial on the AIN. We then show the AIN implementation for long-term number portability. Finally, a cache approach is proposed to speed up address transfer, which can effectively reduce the network overhead incurred by AIN query for number portability.
An 8bit 0.35&#x2013;0.8V 0.5&#x2013;30MS/s 2bit/step SAR ADC with wide range threshold configuring comparator (2012)

An extremely low-voltage operating high speed and low power 2bit/step asynchronous SAR ADC is presented. Wide range dynamic threshold configuring comparator is proposed to enable power and area efficient 2bit/step operation. By configuring the comparator threshold by simple V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cm</sub> biased current sources, the ADC holds immunity against 10% power supply variation. The prototype ADC fabricated in 40nm CMOS achieved 44.3 dB SNDR with 6.14 MS/s at a single supply voltage of 0.5 V. The ADC achieved a peak FoM of 5.9fJ/conv-step at 0.4V and operates down to 0.35V.
Doped polymeric systems produced by sol-gel technology: optical properties and potential industrial applications (2006)

A review of the studies on sol-gel technology application to the production of doped polymeric systems, which can be applied as new optical materials: tunable lasers, sensors, wave-guides, photochromic or electrochromic materials and semiconductors. Sol-gel method based on hydrolysis and subsequent polycondensation of precursors, such as organo-silicon alkoxides (Scheme A), leading to formation of porous glass was described. The matrices for incorporation of organically active dopants in are produced from this glass. The matrices can be the glass/polymer composites, organically modified silicates (ORMOSIL) or hybrid materials zirconia - silica - polyurethane (ZSUR) (Schemes B-E). The characteristics of examples of laser dyes forming the solid tunable lasers are given. Finally, the description of semiconductors produced by incorporation of nanoparticles into the matrices discussed has been presented.
PD-1 Blockade in Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma (2019)

MSI-H/MMR-D tumors, for which pembrolizumab is a standard therapy, are more common in ACC than has been recognized. In advanced ACC that is microsatellite stable, pembrolizumab provided clinically meaningful and durable antitumor activity with a manageable safety profile.
Hybrid MMSE precoding for mmWave multiuser MIMO systems (2016)

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication has emerged as one of the most promising technologies to deal with the increasing demand in data transmissions over wireless networks. However, due to the propagation characteristic at the mmWave band, much higher pathloss is observed compared to the commonly-used microwave band. Thus, antenna arrays become a necessary ingredient in mmWave systems because of their needed beamforming gains. Beamforming for multiple users, also known as multiuser precoding, can be utilized to further improve the spectral efficiency of mmWave systems. Unfortunately, fully digital precoding with large antenna arrays is difficult to implement due to the hardware cost and power constraint in mmWave systems. Recent works in literature have advocated the structure of hybrid analog/digital precoding for mmWave systems, in which only minor performance degradation is observed. In this work, we study hybrid precoding for multiuser mmWave systems. After reviewing recent works in literature on hybrid precoding designs, we then develop a new hybrid minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) precoder. The proposed precoder can be easily obtained by an orthogonal matching pursuit-based algorithm. Simulation results show significant performance advantages of the proposed precoder over known designs in various system settings.
New directions for patient-centred care in scleroderma: the Scleroderma Patient-centred Intervention Network (SPIN). (2012)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc), or scleroderma, is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disorder characterised by thickening and fibrosis of the skin and by the involvement of internal organs such as the lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and heart. Because there is no cure, feasibly-implemented and easily accessible evidence-based interventions to improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are needed. Due to a lack of evidence, however, specific recommendations have not been made regarding non-pharmacological interventions (e.g. behavioural/psychological, educational, physical/occupational therapy) to improve HRQoL in SSc. The Scleroderma Patient-centred Intervention Network (SPIN) was recently organised to address this gap. SPIN is comprised of patient representatives, clinicians, and researchers from Canada, the USA, and Europe. The goal of SPIN, as described in this article, is to develop, test, and disseminate a set of accessible interventions designed to complement standard care in order to improve HRQoL outcomes in SSc.
Radiothérapie : quelles orientations thérapeutiques contre les séquelles digestives ? (2009)

Despite constant progress in radiotherapy techniques such as tumour imaging and cartography, techniques of radiation delivery or fractionation schedules, damage to normal gastro-intestinal tissues is inevitably associated with radiation therapy of pelvic tumours. Acute radiation enteritis concerns 80% of patients. It is related to stem cell loss, default in epithelial regenerating capacity and inflammation-induced mucosal dystrophy and ulceration. Chronic injury may develop in 5 to 10% of patients and is characterized by intestinal wall fibrosis resulting from an exaggerated scarring process, chronic inflammation and tissue necrosis. Research in mechanistic processes of normal tissue damage paved the way for new therapeutic approaches to emerge. These new targets include mucosal regeneration, reduction of vascular activation, inflammation and thrombosis, and fight against mesenchymal cells sustained activation. Effective strategies are multiple on preclinical models, but numerous efforts have to be made to achieve the complicated goal of protection of normal tissues from the side effects of radiation therapy.
Prosody Analysis and Modeling for Emotional Speech Synthesis (2006)

Current concatenative text-to-speech systems can synthesize varied emotions, but the subtlety and range of the results are limited because large amounts of emotional speech data are required. The paper studies a more flexible approach based on analyzing and modeling emotional prosody features. Perceptual tests are first performed to investigate whether just manipulating prosody features can attain the communication purposes of emotions. Then, based on the positive results, the same corpus, with sufficient prosody coverage, is shared by different emotions in unit selection. Finally, an adaptation algorithm is proposed to predict the emotional prosody features. It models the prosodic variations by linguistic cues and emotional cues separately, and requires only a small amount of data. Experiments on Mandarin show that the adaptation algorithm can obtain appropriate emotional prosody features, and at least several emotions can be synthesized without the use of a special emotional corpus.
Evaluation of CSL-based Low Power MAC Protocol for Wireless Smart Metering Networks (2020)

The wireless smart utility network (Wi-SUN) gets attention as one of the promising wireless networks for the machine-to-machine (M2M) and Internet of Things (IoT) systems. The resource-limited monitoring and management (RLMM) is a profile of the Wi-SUN for the non-Internet protocol (non-IP)-based networks in resource-poor environments. The coordinated sampled listening (CSL) is one of the IEEE 802.15.4e-based low-power media access control (MAC) protocols, and it is a candidate protocol for the RLMM systems. To construct the CSL-based RLMM systems in a variable environment, the communication characteristics should be evaluated theoretically and experimentally. In this paper, we designed a practical CSL protocol for the implementation, and a theoretical analysis scheme to evaluate communication characteristics of the practical CSL is proposed considering with the effect of Acknowledgement (ACK) frames. Furthermore, the practical CSL protocol is demonstrated experimentally using 30 actual Wi-SUN dongles in a radio anechoic chamber. The proposed theoretical analysis results agree well with not only computer simulation results but also experimental results. It means that the proposed theoretical analysis scheme has high practicality and reliability under actual environments. The experimental and theoretical results show that a high communication success rate of over 90 % can be achieved when the data generation rate is lower than 5.0 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−3</sup> s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> .
Assessment of Thymic Output Dynamics After in utero Infection of Mice With Coxsackievirus B4 (2020)

The thymus is the main organ of the lymphatic system, in which T cells undergo a rigorous selection to ensure that their receptors (TCRs) will be functional and will not react against the self. Genes encoding for TCR chains are fragmented and must be rearranged by a process of somatic recombination generating TCR rearrangement excision circles (TRECs). We recently documented coxsackievirus B4 (CV-B4) infection of Swiss albino mouse thymus in the course of <i>in utero</i> transmission. In the current study, we intended to evaluate thymic output in this experimental model. For this purpose, pregnant Swiss albino mice were inoculated with CV-B4 at day 10 or 17 of gestation, and thymus and spleen were sampled from offspring at different time points and then subjected to quantification of TREC molecules and <i>Ptk7</i> gene expression. Results showed a pronounced effect of <i>in utero</i> CV-B4 infection on the thymus with an increase in the cellularity and, consequently, the weight of the organ. sj and DβTREC analysis, by real-time PCR, revealed a significant decrease following CV-B4 infection compared to controls, a decrease which gets worse as time goes by, both in the thymus and in the periphery. Those observations reflect a disturbance in the export of T cells to the periphery and their accumulation within the thymus. The evaluation of <i>Ptk7</i> transcripts in the thymus, for its part, showed a decrease in expression, especially following an infection at day 10 of gestation, which supports the hypothesis of T cell accumulation in a mature stage in the thymus. The various effects observed correlate either negatively or positively with the viral load in the thymus and spleen. Disruption in thymic export may indeed interfere with T cell maturation. We speculate that this may lead to a premature release of T cells and the possibility of circulating autoreactive or proliferation-impaired T cell clones.
Renaturation of Reduced Ribonuclease A with a Microsphere-Induced Refolding System (2000)

We intended to refold reduced ribonuclease A (RNase A) using polymeric microspheres. Polymeric microspheres were allowed to react with dithiothreitol (DTT) to immobilize the disulfide and thiol moieties on their surface. The fully reduced RNase A was added to the dispersion of the modified microspheres. Protein refolding and renaturation were estimated by the change in the number of disulfide bonds of RNase A and the recovery of the enzymatic activity, respectively. Without microspheres, the activity gradually recovered with the increase in the number of disulfide bonds. However, the formation of disulfide bonds of reduced RNase A was accelerated by adding the modified microspheres, and the rate of renaturation was increased depending on the amount of charged DTT and the reaction time of the immobilization. These results indicate that modified microspheres significantly catalyze the recovery of active RNase A from the reduced form. The protein adsorption data demonstrated that the disulfide moieties of the modified microspheres react with the thiol moieties of the reduced RNase A to form a mixed disulfide. The thiol/disulfide exchange reaction can possibly proceed at the microsphere/protein interface, resulting in the formation of a correct three-dimensional structure.
Probing Water Diffusion Inside Crystals of AlPO‐5 by PFG NMR and IRM for Heat Storage Applications (2023)

Abstract Diffusion of water in the aluminophosphates AlPO‐5 is studied using a combination of pulsed field gradient NMR and IR microimaging. The concentration profiles measured by the latter allowed to visualize the process of water sorption and propagation into the crystals of AlPO‐5. The self‐diffusion coefficients obtained by NMR were one order of magnitude higher values compared to corrected ones from the IR microimaging study. The concentration profiles allowed to visualize the process of water sorption and propagation into the crystals of AlPO‐5. The obtained results are compared with experimental and simulation data for the water/AlPO‐5 system for the literature and discussed in the context of its potential use for heat storage applications.