gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Synthetic Routes to Azacarborane Clusters:  Nitrile Insertion Reactions of nido-5,6-C2B8H11- and nido-B10H13- (1996)

A synthetic sequence involving the initial nucleophilic attack of the isoelectronic nido-5,6-C2B8H11- or nido-B10H13- anions at a nitrile carbon, followed by nitrile hydroboration and cage-insertion, has been found to yield new azacarborane clusters in good yields. Thus, the reaction of nido-5,6-C2B8H11- with refluxing acetonitrile gave the azatricarbaborane anion arachno-7-CH3-5,7,14,12-C3NB8H11- (1-) in 65% yield, while nido-B10H13- reacted with acetonitrile, benzyl cyanide, or CH313CN to give the azamonocarbaborane anions arachno-7-CH3-7,12-CNB10H13- (2a-), arachno-7-Bn-7,12-CNB10H13- (2b-), and arachno-7-CH3-7,12-13CNB10H13- (2a--13C), respectively. Single-crystal X-ray studies of the isoelectronic clusters, 1- and 2a-, showed that hydroboration of the nitrile occurred, with the resulting imino group inserting into the cage framework in a position bridging the B2 and B11 borons. Consistent with their arachno skeletal electron counts, 1- and 2a- have cage frameworks containing two six-membered open faces that may be derived from a bicapped hexagonal antiprism by removal of two non-adjacent five-coordinate vertices. Alternatively, 1- and 2a- may be considered as having 10-vertex arachno frameworks with exopolyhedral bridging imine substituents. Acidification of 1- resulted in loss of one boron and the imine nitrogen and formation of the known tricarbaborane nido-6-CH3-5,6,9-C3B7H10. In contrast, acidification of 2- led to loss of only one boron to yield the new azamonocarbaborane hypho-12-R-12,13-CNB9H15 (3). A single-crystal X-ray study confirmed that 3 has an 11-vertex hypho structure, containing two six-membered open faces, that is based on a 14-vertex closo polyhedron missing three vertices. In 3, further hydroboration of the CN group occurred, such that the carbon contains an additional hydrogen and the nitrogen is connected to two borons. Deprotonation of 3 with Proton Sponge, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene, initially yielded hypho-12-R-12,13-CNB9H14- (3-), which subsequently underwent a skeletal rearrangement to yield the isomeric anion hypho-12-R-12,11-CNB9H14- (4-). A single-crystal X-ray study of 4- confirmed that it has an 11-vertex hypho structure with one seven-membered and one five-membered open face. Subsequent acidification of 4- resulted in loss of one additional boron to give hypho-8-R-8,13-CNB8H14 (5). Deprotonation with Proton Sponge gave the new anion hypho-8-R-8,13-CNB8H13- (5-). Based upon spectral and computational data, 5 and 5- are proposed to have the CN unit incorporated into a 10-vertex hypho structure.
Involvement of mTOR and Regulation by AMPK in Early Iodine Deficiency-Induced Thyroid Microvascular Activation (2016)

Iodine deficiency (ID) induces TSH-independent microvascular activation in the thyroid via the reactive oxygen species/nitric oxide-hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. We hypothesized the additional involvement of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a positive regulator of this pathway and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a negative feedback regulator to explain the transient nature of ID-induced microvascular changes under nonmalignant conditions. mTOR and AMPK involvement was investigated using an in vitro model (human thyrocytes in primary cultures) and 2 murine models of goitrogenesis (normal NMRI and RET-PTC mice [a papillary thyroid cancer model]). In NMRI mice, ID had no effect on the phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K), a downstream target of mTOR. However, rapamycin inhibited ID-induced thyroid blood flow and VEGF protein expression. In the RET-PTC model, ID strongly increased the phosphorylation of p70S6K, whereas rapamycin completely inhibited the ID-induced increase in p70S6K phosphorylation, thyroid blood flow, and VEGF-A expression. In vitro, although ID increased p70S6K phosphorylation, the ID-stimulated hypoxia-inducible factor/VEGF pathway was inhibited by rapamycin. Activation of AMPK by metformin inhibited ID effects both in vivo and in vitro. In AMPK-α1 knockout mice, the ID-induced increase in thyroid blood flow and VEGF-A protein expression persisted throughout the treatment, whereas both parameters returned to control values in wild-type mice after 4 days of ID. In conclusion, mTOR is required for early ID-induced thyroid microvascular activation. AMPK negatively regulates this pathway, which may account for the transient nature of ID-induced TSH-independent vascular effects under benign conditions.
Magnetic properties of Co-B-C amorphous alloys melt-quenched beyond the eutectic regime (abstract) (1988)

It is very difficult to prepare a homogeneous amorphous phase of transition-metal carbon alloys by rapid quenching. However, an additional element like Cr, Mo, or W remarkably enhances the glass formation in the ternary system. Similarly with B as additional element amorphous ductile alloys containing as much as 70% metalloids (B+C) have been recently shown to be obtainable by melt quenching to produce materials with remarkable mechanical and electronic properties. The possibility that amorphous alloys with such a large concentration of metalloids which extends to beyond the eutectic regime can be obtained by melt-spinning requires modification of previous general concepts of glass forming tendency as well as amorphous structure. In this paper we present thermal, magnetic and electronic property studies of yet another system, i.e., Co-B-C containing metalloids in the range 28–44 at. %. Boron is thought to have a rather strong attractive interaction against C which results in the formation of an amorphous phase over an extended regime. We have studied systematically both the series Co76−xB24Cx as well as Co88−yByC12 to determine the composition range for the most stable amorphous range. B and C are found to enhance considerably the glass formation. The electrical resistivity is found to increase with boron concentration and reaches values close to 450 μΩ cm and yet have a positive temperature coefficient (∼0.2×10−4 Ω mK−1 for metalloid content as high as 44 at. %) indicating a metallic behavior. No indication of electron-electron correlation effects are observed at low temperatures. From the temperature dependence of Hall effect and thermomagnetic data all the alloys studied are found to be ferromagnetic. We obtain a preliminary magnetic phase diagram from which it is found that the concentration dependence of Tc obeys a (x−x0)1/2 behavior in both the series with x0=54 at. % Co at which ferromagnetism disappears. Such a concentration dependence cannot be explained on the basis of simple dilution phenomenon. Detailed studies on the effect of B and C on magnetic properties will also be presented.
A 10Gb/s CMOS adaptive equalizer for backplane applications (2005)

An equalizer employs reverse scaling and dual-loop adaptation to achieve a binary data rate of 10 Gbit/s. Realized in 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, the circuit adapts to traces up to 30 inches on FR4 boards while consuming 25 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
Cimetidine in Systemic Mastocytosis (1981)

54-year-old caucasian women with systemic mastocytosis manifested by gastrointestinal and dermatological symptoms that were treated with cyproheptadine, Lomotil (diphenoxylate-atropine), and cimetidine was studied. The patient consented to discontinue the H2-receptor antagonist, and to have the following values measured: serum and urine concentrations of cimetidine: complete blood count (CBC) with differential, serum chemistry, and urinalysis; and systemic mastocytosis symptomatology. The patient experienced prompt recurrence of gastrointestinal and dermatological symptoms after stopping the cimetidine; the drug was restarted in three days and the symptoms subsided. The preceding laboratory and symptomatological values were recorded for 11 days after the reinstitution of cimetidine therapy. Histamine, gastrin, CBC, serum chemistry, and urinalysis remained normal, with and without cimetidine. Exacerbations of her symptoms were worst when no drug was detected in the serum. Therefore, it appears that cimetidine has a role in treating the symptoms of systemic mastocytosis.
Sulfur Donor Atom Effects on Copper(I)/O2 Chemistry with Thioanisole Containing Tetradentate N3S Ligand Leading to μ-1,2-Peroxo-Dicopper(II) Species (2010)

To better understand the effect of thioether coordination in copper-O(2) chemistry, the tetradentate N(3)S ligand L(ASM) (2-(methylthio)-N,N-bis((pyridin-2-yl)methyl)benzenamine) and related alkylether ligand L(EOE) (2-ethoxy-N,N-bis((pyridin-2-yl)methyl)ethanamine) have been studied. The corresponding copper(I) complexes, [(L(ASM))Cu(I)](+) (1a) and [(L(EOE))Cu(I)](+) (3a), were studied as were the related compound [(L(ESE))Cu(I)](+) (2a, L(ESE) = (2-ethylthio-N,N-bis((pyridin-2-yl)methyl)ethanamine). The X-ray structure of 1a and its solution conductivity reveal a monomeric molecular structure possessing thioether coordination which persists in solution. In contrast, the C-O stretching frequencies of the derivative Cu(I)-CO complexes reveal that for these complexes, the modulated ligand arms, whether arylthioether, alkylthioether, or ether, are not coordinated to the cuprous ion. Electrochemical data for 1a and 2a in CH(3)CN and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) show the thioanisole moiety to be a poor electron donor compared to alkylthioether (1a is ∼200 mV more positive than 2a). The structures of [(L(ASM))Cu(II)(CH(3)OH)](2+) (1c) and [(L(ESE))Cu(II)(CH(3)OH)](2+) (2c) have also been obtained and indicate nearly identical copper coordination environments. Oxygenation of 1a at reduced temperature gives a characteristic deep blue intermediate [{(L(ASM))Cu(II)}(2)(O(2)(2-))](2+) (1b(P)) with absorption features at 442 (1,500 M(-1) cm(-1)), 530 (8,600 M(-1) cm(-1)), and 605 nm (10,400 M(-1) cm(-1)); these values compare well to the ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) transitions previously reported for [{(L(ESE))Cu(II)}(2)(O(2)(2-))](2+) (2b(P)). Resonance Raman data for [{(L(ASM))Cu(II)}(2)(O(2)(2-))](2+) (1b(P)) support the formation of μ-1,2-peroxo species ν(O-O) = 828 cm(-1)(Δ((18)O(2)) = 48), ν(sym)(Cu-O) = 547 cm(-1) (Δ((18)O(2)) = 23), and ν(asym)(Cu-O) = 497 cm(-1) (Δ((18)O(2)) = 22) and suggest the L(ASM) ligand is a poorer electron donor to copper than is L(ESE). In contrast, the oxygenation of [(L(EOE))Cu(I)](+) (3a), possessing an ether donor as an analogue of the thioether in L(ESE), led to the formation of a bis(μ-oxo) species [{(L(EOE))Cu(III)}(2)(O(2-))(2)](2+) (3b(O); 380 nm, ε ∼ 10,000 M(-1) cm(-1)). This result provides further support for the sulfur influence in 1b(P) and 2b(P), in particular coordination of the sulfur to the Cu. Thermal decomposition of 1b(P) is accompanied by ligand sulfoxidation. The structure of [{(L(EOE))Cu(II)(Cl)}(2)](+) (3c) generated from the reductive dehalogenation of organic chlorides suggests that the ether moiety is weakly bound to the cupric ion. A detailed discussion of the spectroscopic and structural characteristics of 1b(P), 2b(P), and 3b(O) is presented.
Do hypoallergenic cats exist? (2013)

Allergien gegen das eigene Haustier sind keine Seltenheit mehr. Besonders in Europa werden, neben Hunden und Nagetieren immer mehr Katzen als Haustiere gehalten. Die Fälle von Katzenallergien steigen leider rapide an und erzeugen für beide Seiten, Katzenbesitzer und Tier, eine stressvolle Situation. Leider funktioniert die Allergenimmuntherapie gegen Katzenallergien zumeist ungenügend. Bis jetzt war daher die einzige Lösung, um einer Allergie gegen die eigene Katze zu begegnen, die Abschaffuind des Tieres. Doch selbst Jahre nach Entfernung der Katze können deren Allergene noch immer im Haushalt vorhanden sein und Symptome auslösen. Die Katzenallergene werden nach ihrem lateinischen Namen Felis domesticus mit dem Kürzel Fel d und einer Nummer gekennzeichnet. Das Problem der Katzenallergei, aber auch der damit zusammenhängende Markt wurde von Katzenzüchtern erkannt und aufgegriffen, indem hypoallergene Katzen gezüchtet und angeboten werden. Das Ziel meiner Diplomarbeit war es, den wissenschaftlichen Hintergrund der möglichen „Hypoallergenität“ der Katzenrasse Neva Masquarade zu erarbeiten, welche von vielen Züchtern als geringer allergen angepriesen wird. Hierfür wurden Proben von 8 normalen und 8 hypoallergenen Katzen aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen ihres Körpers, wie Gesicht, Brust, Speichel und auch von ihren Schlafplätzen gesammelt. Die aufbereiteten Proben wurden auf ihren Gesamtproteingehalt und speziell auf die des Hauptallergens Fel d 1 untersucht. Weiters wurden die Proben via SDS-PAGE nach ihrer Molekularmasse getrennt und die Proteine analysiert. Ebenso wichtig war es, diese Proteine nach ihrer IgE Reaktivität zu untersuchen, indem Seren von Katzenallergikern darauf im Immunoblot getestet wurden. Die Ergebnisse des Gesamtproteingehalts im und BCA Proteinbestimmungstestes und der Fel d 1 Konzentration im Enzym-Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) wiesen darauf hin, dass die Neva Masquarade im Vergleich mit normalen Katzen weniger Protein, darunter weniger Fel d 1 produzieren und in ihrem Umfeld verteilen. Die Silber-gefärbten SDS-Polyacrylamid-Gel-Elektrophorese (SDS-PAGE) zeigten, dass hypoallergene Katzen weniger Protein auf der Höhe des Fel d 1 Heterodimers (18kDa) als auch auf der Höhe der quaternären Form (35kDa) zeigten. Im Immunoblot erkanntes IgE von Katzenallergikern in Extrakten von 6/6 normalen Katzen Banden bei 18 und 35kDa, also auf der Höhe des Fel d 1 Heterodimers, bzw. des kompletten quaternären Fel d 1 Moleküls. Im Gegensatz dazu wurde in Extrakten von hypoallergenen Katzen in 6/6 Fällen das 18kDa Allergen, jedoch nur in 4/8 Fällen das 35kDa Allergen über IgE erkannt. 5 Die erhobenen unterstützen, dass Neva Masquarade als eine hypoallergene Katzenrasse bezeichnet werden kann. Die Hypoallergenität begründet sich in einer geringeren Fel d 1 Produktion und daher auch geringeren Verteilung auf dem Fellklleid.
Correlation between Slug transcription factor and miR-221 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (2012)

We report for the first time evidence of a correlation between Slug transcription factor and miR-221 in breast cancer cells. These studies suggest that miR-221 expression is, in part, dependent on Slug in breast cancer cells, and that Slug plays a more important role than miR-221 in cell migration and invasion.
Accelerating File Downloads in Publish Subscribe Internetworking with Multisource and Multipath Transfers (2014)

We present mmFTP, a file transfer protocol for the Publish Subscribe Internetworking (PSI) architecture, which follows the Information-Centric Network (ICN) paradigm. mmFTP is designed to utilize diverse in-network resources: (i) it is receiver-driven, thus supporting on-path caching, (ii) it downloads files from multiple sources, thus utilizing off-path caching and (iii) it offers multipath transfers, thus exploiting path diversity and assisting network load-balancing. mmFTP combines these features into a single framework without complicating network operation. This is achieved by exploiting the functional organization of the PSI architecture which - among other aspects - separates routing from packet forwarding, delegates routing control to a logically centralized module and employs an explicit routing scheme for packet forwarding. In this paper we introduce the basic operation of mmFTP and present preliminary experimental performance results from a prototype implementation deployed in the PlanetLab testbed.
N orway, Protest and Revolution (2009)

Like much of Scandinavia, Norway's transformation into a modern nation‐state witnessed relatively few of the violent revolutionary upheavals that rocked Western Europe. In explaining this phenomenon, some Norwegian scholars have pointed to the absence of catalysts for revolutions and polarizing forces such as strong class divisions and ethnic tensions. Others have cited the agrarian nature of Norwegian society or the country's long‐standing liberal traditions. Yet there remain a number of unique aspects of the history of Norwegian protest that draw the interest of scholars, such as the impact of the pre‐industrial Thrane movement on the development of European socialism and labor protest. Others include the integral role of the Norwegian independence movement not only to the emergence of Norwegian nationalism, but also to the development of liberal democracy, the labor movement, and the push for women's rights. Finally, the history of Norwegian resistance to the Nazis during World War II stands out as an important example of coordinated non‐violent resistance and symbolic protest.
Protein Crystallograpy in Drug Discovery Edited by Robert E. Babine and Sherin S. Abdel-Meguid. Wiley-VCH Velag GmbH & Co., Weinheim, Germany. 2004. xvi +262 pp. 17 × 25 cm. ISBN 3527306781. $175.00. (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewProtein Crystallograpy in Drug Discovery Edited by Robert E. Babine and Sherin S. Abdel-Meguid. Wiley-VCH Velag GmbH & Co., Weinheim, Germany. 2004. xvi +262 pp. 17 × 25 cm. ISBN 3527306781. $175.00.Steven W. MuchmoreView Author Information Department of Structural Biology Global Pharmaceutical Research Division Abbott Laboratories 100 Abbott Park Road Abbott Park, Illinois 60064Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 26, 6654Publication Date (Web):November 12, 2004Publication History Published online12 November 2004Published inissue 1 December 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm040169dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm040169dbook-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Crystallography,Drug discovery,Medicinal chemistry,Peptides and proteins,Structural bioinformatics Get e-Alerts
Validation of Photon Collimation Techniques for Monolithic PET Detector Calibration (2020)

Monolithic-based positron emission tomography (PET) detectors have become an attractive alternative to traditional pixelated scintillator modules. One of the main limiting factors to further expand the use of the monolithic approach in commercial PET scanners is the requirement of more complex calibration setups than for their pixelated counterparts. These calibration procedures are usually based on hardware-collimation methods in which a physically collimated beam source is moved across the front face of the scintillator. These procedures require the use of manifold hardware setups and are time consuming, especially when dealing with systems composed of many detector modules. To reduce the mechanical complexity and long acquisition times required to obtain calibration datasets when using monolithic-based detectors, we have validated in this work the recently proposed method of using software-collimated calibration data for monolithic PET detectors. software-collimated methods require less hardware, are easier to implement, and have the potential to be used in an assembled PET scanner. We are evaluating a defined bias estimator and the overall detector spatial resolution using data obtained with the two different collimation techniques. Results showed bias behavior and spatial resolution discrepancies as small as 4.9% between the two datasets for a monolithic crystal with dimensions of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$50 \times 50 \times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . These results demonstrate that software-collimated data in combination with accurate positioning algorithms promises to be competitive against traditional hardware-collimation procedures. Finally, we have explored and confirmed the use of software-collimated data for the calibration step using two procedures, the PC3 method (calibrated data is shown) and Voronoi diagrams.
Heregulin Induces Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Growth Factor-independent, Non-branching Growth and Differentiation of Ureteric Bud Epithelia (2005)

We have purified a protein present in a conditioned medium derived from the metanephric mesenchyme that supports non-branching growth and epithelial differentiation of the isolated ureteric bud (UB) independent of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic growth factor (GDNF). By sequential liquid chromatography, together with protein microsequencing, the protein was identified as heregulin (HRG)alpha. The addition of recombinant HRG to the isolated UB grown in three-dimensional culture confirmed the proliferative activity of HRG. In branching UBs induced by whole metanephric mesenchyme cell-conditioned medium, proliferating cells were localized at ampullae, where a binding receptor for GDNF, GFRalpha1, was found. In HRG-induced UBs, however, the expression of GFRalpha1 was down-regulated, and proliferating cells were distributed throughout the structure. Electron microscopic examination of the HRG-induced UB revealed the presence of structurally mature and polarized epithelial cells reminiscent of the epithelial cells found in the stalk portion of the branching UB. cDNA array analysis further revealed that genes ontologically classified as developmental were down-regulated by HRG, whereas those involved in transport were up-regulated. For example, the mRNA for the GDNF receptors, GFRalpha1 and ret9, was down-regulated, whereas the mRNA for collecting duct transporters, such as urea transporter2, aquaporin3, and sodium-hydrogen exchanger2 was up-regulated in HRG-treated UBs compared with UBs grown in the presence of branch-promoting factors. Moreover, HRG promoted growth of UBs cultured in the absence of GDNF. Taken together, the data suggest that HRG supports UB epithelial cell differentiation and non-GDNF-dependent growth, raising the possibility that this kind of activity plays a role in the growth and differentiation of the stalk portion of the branching epithelial UB.
The Design of Finite-State Machines for Quantization Using Simulated Annealing (2005)

In this paper, the combinatorial optimization algorithm known as simulated annealing is used for the optimization of the trellis structure or the next-state map of the decoder finite-state machine in trellis waveform coding. The generalized Lloyd algorithm which finds the optimum codebook is incorporated into simulated annealing, Comparison of simulation results with previous work in the literature shows that this combined method yields coding systems with good performance.
The Novel Method for Estimating VRLA Battery State of Charge (2011)

This work is devoted to impedance measurements in the frequency band corresponding to the Randles model of the first order. There was proposed the estimating technique of the battery SOC based on the Bode phase diagram. The frequency of the local minimum at the impedance phase characteristic makes it possible to assess the loss of the battery capacity at early stages of life. The proposed experimental setup may serve as a prototype for impedance testers in the field.