gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of Vanadyl Phthalocyanine Thin Film Grown by the Molecular Beam Epitaxial Method (1996)

We have studied several aspects of nonlinear optical behaviors of unidirectionally oriented vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPc) epitaxial film. The characteristic nature of the epitaxial film has been found to be the rotational anisotropy in third-harmonic intensity in the film surface plane and demonstrated to be associated with the symmetry elements of the film. The essential features are explained based on the symmetries of C4v for VOPc/KBr epitaxial film and C∞v for VOPc/silica polycrystalline film. The epitaxial film is distinguished from the polycrystalline one using in-plane angle-dependence THG measurement. It is found that the rotational anisotropy in the epitaxial film is strongly wavelength dependent. We attribute the spectral dependence to resonant coupling of the fundamental and harmonic fields with electronic states of the π-electron system of the epitaxial film. We have also discussed the orientation of VOPc molecules on KBr substrate and proposed an accommodation model of the VOPc lattice on the KBr (001) surface based on third harmonic generation measurement and computer simulation.
Enforcing Encoder-Decoder Modularity in Sequence-to-Sequence Models (2019)

Inspired by modular software design principles of independence, interchangeability, and clarity of interface, we introduce a method for enforcing encoder-decoder modularity in seq2seq models without sacrificing the overall model quality or its full differentiability. We discretize the encoder output units into a predefined interpretable vocabulary space using the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss. Our modular systems achieve near SOTA performance on the 300h Switchboard benchmark, with WER of 8.3% and 17.6% on the SWB and CH subsets, using seq2seq models with encoder and decoder modules which are independent and interchangeable.
Recombinant N-terminal Nucleotide-binding Domain from Mouse P-glycoprotein (1996)

Varying length cDNAs encoding the N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1) from mouse mdr1 P-glycoprotein were prepared on the basis of structure predictions. Corresponding recombinant proteins were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the shortest one containing amino acids 395-581 exhibited the highest solubility. Insertion of an N-terminal hexahistidine tag allowed domain purification by nickel-chelate affinity chromatography. NBD1 efficiently interacted with nucleotides. Fluorescence methods showed that ATP bound at millimolar concentrations and its 2,3-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) derivative at micromolar concentrations, while the 2(3)-N-methylanthraniloyl derivative had intermediate affinity. Photoaffinity labeling was achieved upon irradiation with 8-azido-ATP. The domain exhibited ATPase activity with a K m for MgATP in the millimolar range, and ATP hydrolysis was competitively inhibited by micromolar 2,3-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-ATP. NBD1 contained a single cysteine residue, at position 430, that was derivatized with radiolabeled N-ethylmaleimide. Cysteine modification increased 6-fold the K d for 2(3)-N-methylanthraniloyl-ATP and prevented 8-azido-ATP photolabeling. ATPase activity was inhibited with a 5-fold increase in the K m for MgATP. The results suggest that chemical modification of Cys-430 is involved in the N-ethylmaleimide inhibition of whole P-glycoprotein by altering substrate interaction.
Comorbid PTSD and Social Phobia in a Treatment-Seeking Population (2005)

The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social phobia (SP) and explore factors associated with the etiology and effect of this comorbidity. The sample consisted of 443 patients seeking treatment of PTSD, SP, or both. Of 240 patients with principal PTSD, 43% had comorbid SP, whereas only 7% of 57 with principal SP had comorbid PTSD. Patients with principal PTSD and comorbid SP were more likely to meet criteria for major depression and other anxiety disorders, and reported worse depression, anxiety, and physical, mental, and social functioning, than those with only PTSD or SP, regardless of other anxiety comorbidity. PTSD patients with SP reported more trauma-related guilt and higher frequency of childhood abuse than those without SP. The results are discussed in terms of implications for treatment of the comorbid presentation and directions for future research.
Spectrally resolved dynamics of inhomogeneously broadened gain in InAs∕InP1550nm quantum-dash lasers (2004)

We report spectrally resolved dynamical properties of 1550nm quantum-dash lasers. The dynamics are governed by the inhomogeneous broadening of the gain medium and by wavelength-dependent carrier capture and escape rates.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 3‐Alkoxyazetidines. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluation of plantar pressures in people with hallux valgus using principal component analysis (2018)

The larger plantar pressure of the HV group around the hallux area during walking compared with the non-HV group is a dominant difference in plantar pressure features due to HV.
A Behavior-based Control of an Object-pulling Robot Using Fuzzy Discrete Event System (2006)

This paper describes a novel behavior-based approach for an object-pulling robot using Fuzzy Discrete Event System (FDES). The object-pulling task is a variant of objectpushing operation, where the robot anchors itself with an object and then navigates to a target location. The proposed behavior-based approach incorporates global and local motion planning for navigation. The global motion planning uses strategic behaviors that employ prior knowledge of the environment to generate a safe-path from the initial position of the robot to the end-point (goal), whereas the local motion planning uses reactive behaviors that deploy locally sensed sensory data for target-object detection and dynamic obstacle avoidance. The major contribution of this paper is the novel FDES-based behavior selection (or modulation) method that eliminates the conventional binary thresholding-based boolean event generation in Discrete Event System (DES) for behavior activation. The multi-valued logic approach of FDES reduces the possibility of wrong event generation, which in turn decreases the possibility of inappropriate behavior selection. Experimental results using a physical robot are also presented to authenticate the feasibility of the proposed FDES-based object-pulling operation.
PD-L1 expression in small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (2015)

Small cell lung cancer and extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas are the most aggressive type of neuroendocrine carcinomas. Clinical treatment relies on conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy; relapses are frequent. The PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 pathway is a major target of anti-tumour immunotherapy. Aberrant PD-L1 or PD-L2 expression may cause local immune-suppression. Here we investigated expression of PD-1 and its ligands by immunohistochemistry and RNA-seq in small cell carcinomas. PD-L1 and PD-1 protein expression were analysed in 94 clinical cases of small cell carcinomas (61 pulmonary, 33 extrapulmonary) by immunohistochemistry using two different monoclonal antibodies (5H1, E1L3N). RNA expression was profiled by RNA-seq in 43 clinical cases. None of the small cell carcinomas showed PD-L1 protein expression in tumour cells. PD-L1 and PD-1 expression was noticed in the stroma: Using immunohistochemistry, 18.5% of cases (17/92) showed PD-L1 expression in tumour-infiltrating macrophages and 48% showed PD-1 positive lymphocytes (45/94). RNA-seq showed moderate PD-L1 gene expression in 37.2% (16/43). PD-L1 was correlated with macrophage and T-cell markers. The second PD-1 ligand PD-L2 was expressed in 27.9% (12/43) and showed similar correlations. Thus, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway seems activated in a fraction of small cell carcinomas. The carcinoma cells were negative in all cases, PD-L1 was expressed in tumour-infiltrating macrophages and was correlated with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Patients with stromal PD-L1/PD-L2 expression may respond to anti-PD-1 treatment. Thus, evaluation of the composition of the tumour microenvironment should be included in clinical trials. Besides conventional immunohistochemistry, RNA-seq seems suitable for detection of PD-L1/PD-L2 expression and might prove to be more sensitive.
Robust content dissemination in disrupted environments (2008)

Content dissemination in disrupted networks poses a big challenge, given that the current routing architectures of ad hoc networks require establishing routes from sources to destinations before content can disseminated between them. In ad hoc networks subject to disruption, lack of reliable connectivity between producers and consumers of information makes most routing protocols perform very poorly or not work at all. We present DIRECT (DIsruption REsilient Content Transport), which is a content dissemination approach for ad hoc networks that exploits in-network storage and the hop-by-hop dissemination of named information objects. Simulation experiments illustrate that DIRECT provides a high degree of reliability while maintaining low levels of delivery latencies and signaling and data overhead compared to traditional on-demand routing and epidemic routing.
Synthesis and shaping of picosecond pulses by frequency conversion of femtosecond pulses in engineered quadratic media (2009)

Second-harmonic-generation in lithium-tantalate crystals with engineered quasi-phase-matching structures is exploited to synthesize with high efficiency narrow-bandwidth picosecond pulses of predetermined spectral and temporal shape starting from femtosecond ones.
The Near-Field Character of a Jet Discharged Normal to a Main Stream (1976)

The paper reports an experimental study of the flow created by the injection of a circular jet of air at 90 deg through a plane wall past which an external stream is flowing. Particular attention has been given to obtaining details of the flow in the vicinity of the injection hole and upstream from the hole. These regions have been omitted, or received only slight attention in earlier studies of discrete-hole cooling processes. Four ratios of average injectant velocity: external velocity were chosen in the range 0.046–0.50. Even at the lowest injection rate there is still a clearly identifiable reverse flow region springing from the downstream side of the hole which extends approximately 0.3 dia downstream. The velocity distribution in the jet at discharge was found to be greatly affected by the presence of the external stream, more than 75 percent of the flow leaving from the downstream half of the discharge hole with a peak velocity in the jet approximately three times the average. Contour mappings of the surface isobars, show the upstream and lateral effects on the static pressure caused by the injection. In addition a number of flow visualization experiments help to reinforce the inferred character of the flow. Detailed film-cooling effectiveness data are reported which help delineate the near-wall flow structure.
LC–MS Methods with Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange for Identification of Hydroxylamine, N‐Oxide, and Hydroxylated Analogs of Desloratadine (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Method Applications Summary References
Acute renal failure in Falciparum malaria--increasing prevalence in some areas of India--a need for awareness (1996)

Twenty-six cases (4.8%) from a total of 540 patients with acute renal failure (ARF) of diverse aetiology had ARF in association with falciparum malaria. Their ages ranged from 15 to 85 years (mean 31.2). Urinary sediment abnormalities and proteinuria (less than 1 g/24 h) were observed in 15 (57.7%) cases. The probable underlying factors leading to ARF were: volume depletion 17 (65.3%), intravascular haemolysis 8 (30.8%), hyperparasitaemia 8 (30.8%), cholestatic jaundice 6 (23%), and hypotension 5 (19.2%). Dialysis therapy was required in 15 patients (57.7%) as they had severe renal failure, and the remaining 11 patients improved with supportive measures. All patients received antimalarial therapy. The clinical course of ARF was consistent with acute tubular necrosis in 20 patients. Six cases were subjected to percutaneous renal biopsy. One patient showed histological features of necrotizing glomerulonephritis along with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. The biopsies in the other five patients showed features of acute tubular necrosis in three, and acute interstitial oedema with patchy tubular necrosis in two. The mortality rate was 30.8%. Thus falciparum malaria, which has been an important cause of ARF in certain highly endemic zones of India, is showing an increasing prevalence in other parts such as Eastern Uttar Pradesh due to an imbalance between the increasing population and inadequate sanitary facilities, which further worsen during floods.
Oxidation of Sintered Aluminum Nitride by Oxygen and Water Vapor (1992)

Oxidation behavior of sintered AlN by oxygen and water vapor was studied at 1400°C for the purpose of surface treatment. The partial pressure of oxygen, Po2 was controlled at 10-10 and 10kPa, and that of water vapor, PH2O was changed at 5.0×10-2 to 8.5kPa. The oxidation product detected by XRD was α-Al2O3. Oxidation rate was increased with increasing PH2O. The weight gain with time by oxygen was parabolic, and that by water vapor was linear. The Al2O3 layer formed by the oxidation of sintered AlN with oxygen was relatively dense, and coherent. The oxidation kinetics were discussed using the mixed-control rate equation on the basis of unreacted-core model.
Genome Sequence of Kocuria varians G6 Isolated from a Slaughterhouse in Denmark (2016)

We report here the first draft genome sequence ofKocuria variansG6, which was isolated from a meat chopper at a small slaughterhouse in Denmark. The 2.90-Mb genome sequence consists of 95 contigs and contains 2,518 predicted protein-coding genes.
ErbB-Inhibitory Protein: A Modified Ectodomain of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Synergizes with Dasatinib to Inhibit Growth of Breast Cancer Cells (2010)

Many solid tumors, including breast cancer, show increased activation of several growth factor receptors, specifically epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its family members as well as c-Src, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that promotes proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, and induces metastasis. We hypothesize that inhibition of c-Src and EGFRs will be an effective therapeutic strategy for triple-negative breast cancer. To test our hypothesis, we used a c-Src-specific inhibitor dasatinib (BMS-354825; Bristol-Myers Squibb) and our newly developed ErbB-inhibitory protein (EBIP), a potential pan-ErbB inhibitor, in breast cancer cells. EBIP is composed of 1 to 448 amino acids of the ectodomain of human EGFR to which the 30-amino acid epitope (known as "U" region) of rat EGFR-related protein is fused at the COOH-terminal end. The combination of dasatinib and EBIP was found to be highly effective in inhibiting the growth of four different breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-468, SKBr-3, MDA-MB-453, and MDA-MB-231) that express different levels of EGFRs. In EGFR-overexpressing MDA-MB-468 cells, the combination, but not monotherapy, markedly stimulated apoptosis mediated by caspase-9 and caspase-8 and attenuated activation of EGFR and Src as well as tyrosine kinase activity. EBIP also inhibited heregulin-induced activation of HER-2 and HER-3 in MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells. The combination therapy was highly effective in suppressing tumor growth ( approximately 90% inhibition) in MDA-MB-468-derived xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice. The latter could be attributed to induction of apoptosis. We conclude that combining dasatinib and EBIP could be an effective therapeutic strategy for breast cancer by targeting EGFRs and Src signaling.
Loss of heterozygosity in familial breast carcinomas. (1993)

Three loci have been implicated in the etiology of familial breast cancer; the BRCA1 locus on 17q, the p53 gene on 17p, and the androgen receptor gene on the X chromosome. However, it has been estimated that in approximately 50% of all breast cancer families the predisposing genetic defect is not linked to any of these three loci. In an attempt to identify chromosomal regions harboring putative breast cancer genes we performed allelotyping in 82 familial breast carcinomas. Polymorphic markers representing 45 different loci were analyzed and the most frequently involved chromosomal arms were 8p, 16q, 17p, 17q, and 19p.
A Live Attenuated Human Metapneumovirus Vaccine Strain Provides Complete Protection against Homologous Viral Infection and Cross-Protection against Heterologous Viral Infection in BALB/c Mice (2013)

A live attenuated vaccine candidate strain (M2) of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was generated by removing the N-linked carbohydrate at amino acid 172 in the fusion (F) protein. Previously, replication of M2 in mouse lungs could be detected by molecular assays but not by viral titration. In the present study, the protective effects of M2 against infection by homologous or heterologous viruses were evaluated in BALB/c mice. Immunization with M2 produced a high titer of serum virus-neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice at 4 and 8 weeks postimmunization, with the titers against the homologous virus being higher than those against the heterologous virus. Challenges at 4 and 8 weeks postinoculation with M2 or wild-type virus led to no replication when mice were challenged with a homologous virus and extremely reduced replication when mice were challenged with a heterologous virus, as determined by the detection of viral genomic RNA copies in the lungs, as well as significantly milder pulmonary pathology. Thus, M2, with only one N-linked carbohydrate removed in the F protein, provides complete protection from homologous virus infection and substantial cross-protection from heterologous virus infection for at least 56 days after inoculation. This vaccine strain may therefore be a candidate for further preclinical study. Furthermore, this attenuating strategy (changing the glycosylation of a major viral protein) may be useful in the development of other viral vaccines.
Investigating the Effect of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Pollution on the Performance of the Mono-crystalline Solar Module (2017)

This paper presents a study of titanium oxide TiO2 as one of the components of dust pollution affecting the PV performance. This pollutant can be found in various quantities in different locations around the world. The production of energy by different types of photovoltaic systems is very sensitive and depends on various environmental factors. Dust is one of the main contributing factors, yet the type of the dust is often neglected when studying the behaviour of the solar panel. In this experimental work we have studied the performance of the monocrystalline solar module as affected by the density of TiO2. The reduction of the PV module power caused by titanium dioxide under various mass densities was investigated. The results showed that the TiO2 has a significant effect on the PV output power. The dust density varied between 0-125 g.m-2. The corresponding reduction of the PV output power increased from 0 to 86.7%. This is based on various influencing parameters such as: short circuit current (Isc), maximum current (Im), open circuit voltage (Voc), maximum voltage (Vm), maximum power (Pm) and efficiency (E). Two functions are proposed as a mathematical model in order to explain this behaviour, namely the exponential and Fourier functions. The coefficients of all general models are valid for this type of dust with a density value ranging from 0-125 g.m-2.
Short-term Outcomes After Spleen-preserving Minimally Invasive Distal Pancreatectomy With or Without Preservation of Splenic Vessels (2021)

Kimura and Warshaw spleen-preserving MIDP provide equivalent short-term outcomes with low rates of secondary splenectomy and postoperative morbidity. Further analyses of long-term outcomes are needed.
The Inca Test Harness and Reporting Framework (2005)

Virtual organizations (VOs), communities that enable coordinated resource sharing among multiple sites, are becoming more prevalent in the high-performance computing community. In order to promote cross-site resource usability, most VOs prepare service agreements that include a minimum set of common resource functionality, starting with a common software stack and evolving into more complicated service and interoperability agreements. VO service agreements are often difficult to verify and maintain, however, because the sites are dynamic and autonomous. Automated verification of service agreements is critical: manual and user tests are not practical on a large scale. The Inca test harness and reporting framework is a generic system for the automated testing, data collection, verification, and monitoring of service agreements. This paper describes Inca’s architecture, system impact, and performance. Inca is being used by the TeraGrid project to verify software installations, monitor service availability, and collect performance data.
Quasi-two-dimensional diamond crystals: Deposition from a gaseous phase and structural–morphological properties (2016)

Diamond films predominantly consisting of plane micrometer-size crystallites with a thickness of several dozen nanometers have been deposited from a methane–hydrogen gas mixture activated by a dc gas discharge. The crystallite structure has been studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. A possible mechanism of formation of plane crystallites during deposition of diamond from the gas phase has been discussed. It has been shown that the results agree with the theoretical concepts of formation of crystals with a face-centered cubic lattice.
Design of a compact, optically guided, pinched, megawatt class free-electron laser (2004)

A conceptual design for a compact megawatt class free-electron laser (FEL) operating at 1 /spl mu/m is presented. The proposed FEL consists of an optically guided, pinched amplifier configuration driven by a RF linac. The gain length, efficiency, electron pulse slippage, and the distance between the wiggler and first relay mirror are determined for a megawatt class design. Of particular concern in the design is the overall length of the optical system, i.e., the wiggler length and distance to the first relay mirror. In the present design, the wiggler length is /spl sim/1 m and the distance between the first relay mirror and the wiggler is determined by the average intensity damage threshold on the mirror. By focusing the electron beam, the optical beam can be pinched upon exiting the wiggler. The pinched optical beam has a reduced Rayleigh length which permits the first relay mirror to be relatively close to the wiggler. By pinching the optical beam and employing grazing incidence the first relay mirror can be located within /spl sim/3 m of the wiggler. It is shown that frequency detuning can more than double the FEL efficiency. In the present design with frequency detuning and uniform wiggler the efficiency is /spl sim/1.8%. In addition, electron-pulse slippage is shown to be substantially reduced in a high-gain amplifier.