gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain Cells in Culture: Morphological Transformation by a Protein (1974)

One type of elmbryonic rat brain cell having an epithelioid morphology in the monolayer culture can be transformed by brain extract into cells having extensive processes resembling mature astrocytes. The transforming factor is a protein with a molecular weight of 350,000. A partially purified sample showed that it is active at a concentration as low as 1 x 10(-8)M. The transforming actvity is high in adult brains but low in embryonic brains and tumors of the nervous systems.
Significance testing for direct identity‐by‐descent mapping (1999)

Direct identity-by-descent mapping is a technique for narrowing down the location of the gene or genes responsible for a given genetic disease to small segments of the genome. The technique involves DNA comparisons between pairs of affected individuals. The data generated are in the form of matching segments of the genome, representing regions likely to be identical-by-descent (IBD). Regions in the genome over which there are significantly more segments aligned than is expected by chance are taken as candidate regions for the disease gene or genes. Due to the complex geometric nature of the data, significance testing involves certain mathematical difficulties. We present here a new method for measuring this significance. This method introduces a novel statistic and is appropriate whether or not the relationships between the paired individuals are known. We give examples that we have calculated by implementing this method, including an application to real data.
Anticipatory system for detection of hidden facilities utilizing nodal load consumption information in smart grids (2016)

Operation of any type of industrial or commercial facility depends on the use of electrical energy. To that end, facilities are connected to the power grid in order to have access to continuous electrical power supply. Therefore, analysis of power consumption at the grid's nodal level may provide information about the consumers connected to the node. In this paper, a new intelligent system for detecting hidden facilities by utilizing consumption signals measured in smart grids is presented. In particular an anticipatory system that makes use of the synergism of Gaussian process regression and fuzzy logic is adopted for inferring the presence or not of hidden facilities. Presented scenario demonstrates the potentiality of the method for accurately detecting anomalies in power consumption that correspond to hidden facilities.
Dietary macronutrients do not differently affect postprandial vascular endothelial function in apparently healthy overweight and slightly obese men (2020)

Trial registration number (ClinicalTrials.gov) NCT03139890 in May 2017.
Fruit Disease Identification Based on Improved Densenet Fusion Defogging Algorithm (2021)

Disease is one of the main factors that threatens the growth of fruits in the field of fruit planting. This paper realized identification and control of fruit disease under complex environment through identification of fruit leaves, which plays a key role in improving yield and quality of the fruit. Basing on the above problems, this paper proposed a new type plant disease identification model basing on deep learning. The model firstly preprocessed and enhanced the image through image normalization processing and MSRCR defogging algorithm, and then used Canny SLIC algorithm based on gradient to perform high-precision segmentation of the data set of disease image, and then get the leave blades with the characteristics of disease spots. Finally, the improved DenseNet algorithm was used to recognize and classify the disease features of the images and complete the identification of fruit disease images. Among fruit diseases, take Grape spot anthracnose, Grapevine white rot and Grapevine anthracnose for testing samples, and the results showed that the average accuracy of the model was 98.98%, which was much higher than the accuracy rate of the traditional CNN convolutional architecture model. This model realized the identification of fruit disease image in complex environment, and can be used to assist the automatic identification and detection of fruit disease, and improve the clarity and accuracy of fruit disease image identification.
Microwave Heating Behavior in SiC Fiber-MO2 Mixtures (M = Ce, Zr)—Selective Heating of Micrometer-Sized Fibers Facilitated by ZrO2 Powder (2020)

SiC fiber-MO2 (M = Ce, Zr) mixtures with various compositions were heated by applying an 80 W microwave electric field, to investigate their heating rate, maximum temperature, and dielectric constant. For the SiC fiber-CeO2 mixture, all three parameters continued to increase as the weight ratio of the SiC fiber increased; in contrast, for the SiC fiber-ZrO2 mixture, these parameters reached a maximum value at a certain composition. A thermal gradient of 500 °C was observed at a microlevel in the SiC fiber-ZrO2 mixture, and hot spots were located in regions with a certain composition. This result not only contributes to designing a novel good microwave absorber but also presents new aspects with regard to high-temperature microwave processing, including the mechanism behind the high-temperature gradients on the order of micrometers as well as engineering applications that utilize these high-temperature gradients.
In situ study of the evolution of NiFe nanocatalysts in reductive and oxidative environments upon thermal treatments (2022)

The conversion of biomass as a sustainable path to access valuable chemicals and fuels is very attractive for the chemical industry, but catalytic conversions still often rely on the use of noble metals. Sustainability constraints require developing alternative catalysts from abundant and low-cost metals. In this context, NiFe nanoparticles are interesting candidates. In their reduced and supported form, they have been reported to be more active and selective than monometallic Ni in the hydrogenation of the polar functions of organic molecules, and the two metals are very abundant. However, unlike noble metals, Ni and Fe are easily oxidized in ambient conditions, and understanding their transformation in both oxidative and reductive atmospheres is an important though seldom investigated issue to be addressed before their application in catalysis. Three types of NiFe nanoparticles were prepared by an organometallic approach to ensure the formation of ultrasmall nanoparticles (<3.5 nm) with a narrow size distribution, controlled composition and chemical order, while working in mild conditions: Ni2Fe1 and Ni1Fe1, both with a Ni rich core and Fe rich surface, and an alloy with a Ni1Fe9 composition. Supported systems were obtained by the impregnation of silica with a colloidal solution of the preformed nanoparticles. Using advanced characterization techniques, such as wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in <i>in situ</i> conditions, this study reports on the evolution of the chemical order and of the oxidation state of the metals upon exposure to air, hydrogen, and/or increasing temperature, all factors that may affect their degree of reduction and subsequent performance in catalysis. We show that if oxidation readily occurs upon exposure to air, the metals can revert to their initial state upon heating in the presence of H<sub>2</sub> but with a change in structure and chemical ordering.
On the Splitting of High Order Laue Zone Lines in CBED Analysis of Stress in Silicon (2007)

Convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) on cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimens can map stress in the Si substrate of microelectronics devices with high spatial resolution. However, at shallow depths below the interface the diffraction lines within a CBED pattern are split, rendering pattern interpretation impossible in the classical way. This effect is believed to derive from a bending of the diffracting planes through the sample thickness. In this work, a variety of specimens, ranging from polycrystalline to epitaxial and amorphous materials, have been systematically analyzed. A similar qualitative distribution of the splitting effects is present in each case, but quantitative differences are observed which can be related to the stress induced by the different materials. Capping layers can partially avoid the splitting but seem to modify the strain distribution. The surface relaxation in the thin TEM specimen foil is modelled by finite elements simulations as well as with an epitaxial-layer model. The results predict well the experimental magnitude of the splitting but fail to simulate the intensity of the secondary lines. Possible explanations for such discrepancies are discussed and critically assessed.
Nonmagnetic heterostructure spin devices (2004)

We report concepts and modeling results on nonmagnetic semiconductor heterostructure spin devices, including resonant tunneling spin filters, bi-directional resonant tunneling spin pumps, and resonant spin lifetime transistors.
Model development for semicontinuous production of ethylene and norbornene copolymers having uniform composition (2009)

Abstract Terminal and penultimate models for controlling copolymer composition distribution (CCD) in ethylene and norbornene (NB) copolymerization were developed by taking into account the variation of active site concentration with the initial comonomer ratio. The models were validated by batch polymerization experimental data. The terminal model gave better correlation with the composition data whereas the penultimate model had a better fit to the rate data. The terminal model was then used to design NB feeding policies in semicontinuous processes for targeted CCD profiles. Based on the model results, a series of ethylene‐NB copolymers with various NB contents were prepared. With the same NB content, the semicontinuous process produced a uniform composition, whereas the batch process yielded broad CCD. The batch samples had lower T g values and broader transition ranges, even yielded crystalline materials. In contrast, the semicontinuous samples overcame the disadvantages. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Failure of Perforated Polymethyl Methacrylate Specimens Loaded by Inserted Pins (2023)

A study was conducted to predict failure stresses, failure locations, and their paths of initiation of perforated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) specimens as they were loaded using pins inserted into the holes. First, a series of experiments were conducted for perforated PMMA coupons. There were six different types of coupons. The test specimens had three different widths with a circular hole of a diameter of 8 mm, which was placed at two different locations along the specimen length. All the specimens were loaded using a pin inserted into the hole with three different pins of nominal diameters of 8 mm, 6 mm, and 5 mm, respectively. To predict the failure and compare the results against the experimental data, the recently proposed universal failure criterion was used in the study using finite element analyses. The failure criteria gave acceptable results as compared to the experimental data.
Human Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase Exhibits Potential for Bypass and Mutagenesis at UV-induced Cyclobutane (2012)

Cyclobutane thymine dimers (T-T) comprise the majority of DNA damage caused by short wavelength ultraviolet radiation. These lesions generally block replicative DNA polymerases and are repaired by nucleotide excision repair or bypassed by translesion polymerases in the nucleus. Mitochondria lack nucleotide excision repair, and therefore, it is important to understand how the sole mitochondrial DNA polymerase, pol, interacts with irreparable lesions such as T-T. We performed in vitro DNA polymerization assays to measure the kinetics of incorporation opposite the lesion and bypass of the lesion by pol with a dimer-containing template. Exonuclease-deficient pol bypassed thymine dimers with low relative efficiency; bypass was attenuated but still detectable when using exonuclease-proficient pol . When bypass did occur, pol misincorporated a guanine residue opposite the 3� -thymine of the dimer only 4-fold less efficiently than it incorporated an adenine. Surprisingly, the pol exonuclease-proficient enzyme excised the incorrectly incorporated guanine at similar rates irrespective of the nature of the thymines in the template. In the presence of all four dNTPs, pol extended the primer after incorporation of two adenines opposite the lesion with relatively higher efficiency compared with extension past either an adenine or a guanine incorporated opposite the 3� -thymine of the T-T. Our results suggest that T-T usually stalls mitochondrial DNA replication but also suggest a mechanism for the introduction of point mutations and deletions in the mitochondrial genomes of chronically UV-exposed cells.
Protein Kinase C Epsilon Signals Ultraviolet Light‐induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Possibly Through Induction of Specific Cytokines in a Paracrine Mechanism¶ (2005)

ABSTRACT Protein kinase C (PKC), a family of phospholipid‐dependent serine/threonine kinases, is not only the major intracellular receptor for the mouse skin tumor promoter 12‐ O ‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) but also is activated by a variety of stress factors including ultraviolet radiation (UVR). PKCɛ is among six isoforms (α, δ, ɛ, η, μ and ζ) expressed in the mouse skin. To determine the in vivo functional specificity of PKCɛ in mouse skin carcinogenesis, we generated PKCɛ transgenic mouse (FVB/N) lines 224 and 215 that overexpress PKCɛ protein approximately 8‐ and 18‐fold, respectively, over endogenous levels in the basal epidermal cells and cells of the hair follicle. PKCɛ transgenic mice were observed to be highly sensitive to the development of papilloma‐independent metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (mSCC) elicited either by repeated exposure to UVR or by the 7,12‐Dimethylbenzanthracene–TPA tumor promotion protocol. The development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) appears to be linked to the PKCɛ‐mediated induction of cytokine tumor necrosis factor–α(TNFα). Immunohistochemical analysis for the expression of PKCɛ in the SCC of PKCɛ transgenic mice revealed that PKCɛ was not expressed in the tumor itself; however, the uninvolved tissue surrounding the SCC exhibited intense PKCɛ expression. Also, human SCC, similar to mouse SCC, did not express PKCɛ in the tumor, whereas the surrounding uninvolved epidermis revealed strong PKCɛ expression. These findings in both the PKCɛ mouse model and human SCC indicate that overexpression of PKCɛ in epidermis may lead to a microenvironment, which is suitable for enhancing the development of mSCC by a paracrine mechanism involving specific cytokines including TNFα.
Safety of Irradiated Foods (1995)

This work examines the exaggerations, misunderstandings and muddled terminology that often characterize the controversies regarding the safety of food irradiation. It sets out to untangle the conflicting claims asserted by the proponents and opponents of this modern method of food processing. Information is drawn from international scientific and p
Synthesis of 7‐Aminocoumarin by Buchwald–Hartwig Cross Coupling for Specific Protein Labeling in Living Cells (2010)

PRIME time: We report the synthesis of a pH-insensitive blue fluorophore, 7-aminocoumarin, by using palladium- catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig cross coupling. 7-Aminocoumarin can be used to tag recombinant proteins on the cell surface and inside living cells through PRIME (probe incorporation mediated by enzymes), and unlike 7-hydroxycoumarin, can be visualized in acidic organelles such as endosomes. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effect of Vigabatrin on the Electroencephalogram in Rats (1992)

Vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl GABA; GVG) is a new antiepileptic drug (AED) that increases the level of the inhibitory transmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. We evaluated the effect of GVG on the EEG of normal rats. GVG was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 100 mg/kg once a day for 12 days. EEG was recorded at baseline, on the fourth day, at the end of the 12-day GVG period and 10 days after discontinuation of GVG. GVG increased the amplitude of delta (1-4 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) frequency bands and resulted in slowing of the peak frequency (Fp) and mean frequency (Fm) in both the frontal and occipital cortex, especially during waking-immobility. EEG changes normalized within 10 days after the last GVG injections. The results suggest that a relationship may exist between the EEG changes and increase in GABA levels with GVG.
Generation of 3D Soluble Signal Gradients in Cell‐Laden Hydrogels Using Passive Diffusion (2018)

Soluble signal gradients play an important role in organ patterning, cell migration, and differentiation. Currently, signal gradients in 2D cell culture are realized using microfluidics and here cells are exposed to high and nonphysiological shear stress. Tissue morphogenesis (organogenesis) however occurs in 3D and therefore there is a need for simple and practical systems to impose gradients to cells dispersed in 3D matrix. Herein, a 3D gradient generator based on passive diffusion elements that recapitulates interstitial flow and is capable of imposing predictable gradients over long length scales (6 mm) lasting up to 48 h to cells dispersed in a hydrogel environment is reported. Using recombinant human WNT3A (rhWNT3A), the spatiotemporal activation of the canonical WNT pathway in human epithelial kidney cells and human mesenchymal stems cells expressing a green fluorescence protein reporter on a transcription factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (TCF/LEF) promoter is demonstrated. By refining computation models based on experimental findings, the diffusion coefficient of rhWNT3A in presence of human cells in 3D is determined. Furthermore, the formation of rhBMP4 gradients is visualized using immunohistochemistry by staining for phospho-SMAD1/5, the downstream targets of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway. The simplicity of the gradient generator is expected to spur its adoption in studying developmental biology paradigms in vitro.
Blockade of the CD47-SIRPα axis: a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy (2019)

Macrophages are often the most abundant immune cell found in the tumor microenvironment, but are frequently associated with poor patient prognosis and considered detrimental to mounting an effectiv...
Triglyceride Response to an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention Is Enhanced in Carriers of theGCKRPro446Leu Polymorphism (2011)

Intensive lifestyle intervention appears to partially mitigate the effect of the 446L allele on higher triglycerides, whereas the P446 allele appears to enhance responsiveness to the HOMA-IR-lowering effect of metformin.
Phospholemman (FXYD1) associates with Na,K-ATPase and regulates its transport properties (2002)

A family of small, single-span membrane proteins (the FXYD family) has recently been defined based on their sequence and structural homology. Some members of this family have already been identified as tissue-specific regulators of Na,K-ATPase (NKA). In the present study, we demonstrate that phospholemman (PLM) (FXYD1), so far considered to be a heart- and muscle-specific channel or channel-regulating protein, associates specifically and stably with six different alpha-beta isozymes of NKA after coexpression in Xenopus oocytes, and with alpha1-beta, and less efficiently with alpha2-beta isozymes, in native cardiac and skeletal muscles. Stoichiometric association of PLM with NKA occurs posttranslationally either in the Golgi or the plasma membrane. Interaction of PLM with NKA induces a small decrease in the external K+ affinity of alpha1-beta1 and alpha2-beta1 isozymes and a nearly 2-fold decrease in the internal Na+ affinity. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PLM is a tissue-specific regulator of NKA that may play an essential role in muscle contractility.
Enhanced Risk of Thromboembolic Disease in Hypertension from Platelet Hyperfunction and Decreased Fibrinolytic Activity (1992)

Enhanced platelet function and a decrease in fibrinolytic activity have been reported in patients with mild hypertension after treatment with various nonselective beta-blockers. Until now, such changes have not been reported during treatment with beta 1-selective drugs or with agents that have intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics on platelet function and fibrinolytic activity has not been fully elucidated. Calcium antagonists of various types, however, are known to decrease platelet release in vivo whereas their effects on platelet aggregation and fibrinolytic activity are less clear. The new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist isradipine, when tested in a group of patients with mild hypertension, resulted in a decrease in platelet aggregation, a shortened euglobulin clot-lysis time, and a dramatic increase in t-PA (tissue-plasminogen activator) activity after 14 days of treatment. These changes remained stable throughout the 1-year study period. The fact that antihypertensive therapy does not always result in the hoped-for prolongation of life, despite satisfactory blood pressure reduction, may be in part due to an unfavorable impact on various components of the blood-clotting system.
Synthesis and Structure of Cobalt(III) Complex with Cyanomethylene and N,N′-Ethylenebis(3-methylsalicylideneiminate) (2022)

The new complex [CoIII(3-CH3Salen)(CH2CN)]·CH3CN was synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by the X-ray diffraction analysis. The cyanomethylene ligand is bound to the metallocenter by a Co‒C bond. In the crystalline state, an organometallic polymer structure is formed, in which metal atoms are interconnected by cyanomethylene bridges.
Synthèse, caractérisation et évaluation biologique d'apatites phosphocalciques carbo silicatées (2014)

Ionic substitution appears as one possibility to modulate the bioactivity of hydroxyapatite (HA), which is a material commonly used as bone substitute due to its chemical and crystallographic similarities with bone mineral part. The simultaneous incorporation of silicates and carbonate ions in the apatite structure could allow coupling the resorption and dissolution properties of carbonate apatite with the important metabolic role of silicon in the connective tissue.Co-substituted hydroxyapatite powders, of assumed composition Ca10 x+y(PO4)6-x-y(CO3)x(SiO4)y(OH)2-x+y (with 0 ≤ y ≤ x ≤ 2 et x+y ≤ 2, C Si HA), with controlled amount of carbonate (x) and silicate groups (y), were synthesized by means of a wet precipitation method. The innovative character of this synthesis process lies in the use of completely soluble and miscible reagents in water. According to this method, silicates and carbonates substitution for phosphate ions into the apatitic structure occurs from precipitation. The powders obtained are monophasic, crystalline and apatitic.The physicochemical characterizations of powders revealed the existence of interactions between carbonates (A and B) and silicates within the apatitic structure. C Si HA phase decomposes when B-type carbonate are released from the structure. The use of CO2 throughout the heat treatment allows to shift the B sites decarbonatation to higher temperature than under inert atmosphere. The sintering of dense and monophasic ceramic in C Si HA was realized. In vitro culture of mesenchymal stem cells C3H10T1/2 on the surface ceramics showed equivalent biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties between HA and C-Si-HA (x=0.8, y=0.4) phases.