gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing biomass hydrolysis for biofuel production through hydrodynamic modeling and reactor design (2019)

Abstract A computational fluid dynamics model was developed to represent high‐solids enzymatic hydrolysis. This model accounted for the transient and multiphase (solids‐slurry) nature of the high‐solids enzymatic hydrolysis process. The model investigated the effect of slurry viscosity, rotational speed, and two impeller configurations on the distribution of insoluble solids. Initial CFD results identified segregation of the velocity contours for the non‐Newtonian slurry, which could potentially affect the reactor performance. The multiphase, transient CFD simulations showed that the first impeller configuration delayed the distribution of solids, and compartmentalized mixing in the reactor. The second impeller configuration, meanwhile, improved solids mixing and hydrolysis, while using lower rotational speeds (and thus, energy). The second impeller configuration also expanded the size of the pseudo‐cavern between impellers, which is critical for better dispersion of the solids. The CFD trends of the second impeller configuration were experimentally verified by conducting fed‐batch, high‐solids enzymatic hydrolysis trials with pretreated lignocellulose. The experimental results showed that the second impeller configuration provided better mixing of the non‐Newtonian slurry and enhanced solids‐enzyme interactions, leading to improved glucan‐to‐glucose conversion. This work illustrates that a transient multiphase CFD model can provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of high‐solids enzymatic hydrolysis reactors. The CFD model has identified pathways to improve the distribution of solids while reducing the energy needed for mixing. The CFD model can also guide experimental and design work to scale up these reactors from the laboratory to pilot and commercial scale.
Involvement of Actin Microfilaments in the Replication of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (1998)

Several studies indicate that paramyxoviruses require a specific cellular factor(s) for transcription of their genomic RNAs. We previously reported that the cellular cytoskeletal protein actin, in its polymeric form, participates in the transcription of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the role of the polymeric form of actin, i.e., the actin microfilaments of the cytoskeletal framework, in the reproduction of HPIV3 in vivo. Pulse-chase labeling analyses indicate that the viral nucleocapsid-associated proteins, NP and P, are present predominantly in the cytoskeletal framework during infection. By in situ hybridization, we found that viral mRNAs and genomic RNA were synthesized from the nucleocapsids that were bound to the cytoskeletal framework. Double immunofluorescent labeling and confocal microscopy of the cytoarchitecture revealed that the viral nucleocapsids are specifically localized on the actin microfilaments. Treatment of cells with the actin-depolymerizing agent, cytochalasin D, resulted in the inhibition of viral RNA synthesis and ribonucleoprotein accumulation. These results strongly suggest that actin microfilaments play an important role in the replication of HPIV3.
Multi-twist retarders: broadband retardation control using self-aligning reactive liquid crystal layers (2013)

We report on a family of complex birefringent elements, called Multi-Twist Retarders (MTRs), which offer remarkably effective control of broadband polarization transformation. MTRs consist of two or more twisted liquid crystal (LC) layers on a single substrate and with a single alignment layer. Importantly, subsequent LC layers are aligned directly by prior layers, allowing simple fabrication, achieving automatic layer registration, and resulting in a monolithic film with a continuously varying optic axis. In this work, we employ a numerical design method and focus on achromatic quarter- and half-wave MTRs. In just two or three layers, these have bandwidths and general behavior that matches or exceeds all traditional approaches using multiple homogenous retarders. We validate the concept by fabricating several quarter-wave retarders using a commercial polymerizeable LC, and show excellent achromaticity across bandwidths of 450-650 nm and 400-800 nm. Due to their simple fabrication and many degrees of freedom, MTRs are especially well suited for patterned achromatic retarders, and can easily achieve large bandwidth and/or low-variation of retardation within visible through infrared wavelengths.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF MOLYBDENUM(VI) WITH HYDROXYLAMINE: SYNTHESIS OF (HYDROXYLAMIDO‐O,N)NITROSYLMOLYBDENUM COMPLEXES. THE STRUCTURE OF THE (HYDROXYLAMIDO‐O,N)NITROSYLBIS(1,10‐PHENANTHROLINE)MOLYBDENUM) CATION (1980)

Abstract Molybdän(VI)‐Oxoanionen reagieren im sauren oder alkalisch wäßrigen Medium mit Hy droxylamin ohne Bildung von gasförmigen Produkten wie N 2 , N 2 O oder NH 3 .
Kerala: Politisch-Soziale Struktur und Entwicklung eines Indischen Bundeslandes. By Manfred Turlach. Schriften des Instituts für Asienkunde in Hamburg, vol. 6; Otto Harassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1970. Pp. 386, I map. (1971)

Kerala: Politisch-Soziale Struktur und Entwicklung eines Indischen Bundeslandes. By Manfred Turlach. Schriften des Instituts für Asienkunde in Hamburg, vol. 6; Otto Harassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1970. Pp. 386, I map. - Volume 5 Issue 4
Microstrip-fed array of multisegment dielectric resonator antennas (1997)

A novel antenna is presented consisting of an array of multisegment dielectric resonator antennas fed by a multilayer microstrip branch-line network. A prototype array has been designed and fabricated at X-band and its measured performance includes a gain peak of 15.4 dBi with a 3 dB gain bandwidth of 17% and an efficiency of 66%. This array can be used as a medium gain, wideband antenna, or can form a subarray in a large low-profile structure for high gain applications.
Facile Synthesis of 2-Phenyl-1,2-oxaphospholane and Its Related New Compounds. The Family of Deoxophostones and Deoxothiolphostones (1985)

Abstract 2-Phenyl-1,2-oxaphospholane (1a), 2-phenyl-1,2-oxaphosphorinane (1b), 2-phenyl-1,2-thiaphospholane (1c), and 2-phenyl-1,2-thiaphosphorinane (1d) were prepared readily by the reaction of dichlorophenylphosphine with an ω-chloroalkanol or an ω-chloroalkanethiol followed by cyclization with the aid of lithium metal. Compounds 1b–d have been obtained for the first time.
Synergistic wear-corrosion analysis and modelling of nanocomposite coatings (2018)

This paper presents analysis and modelling of synergistic wear-corrosion performance of Nickel-Graphene (Ni/GPL) nanocomposite coating and compares it with un-coated steel 1020 under reciprocating-sliding contact. A novel synergistic wear-corrosion prediction model incorporating Archard description with nano-mechanics and electrochemistry was developed for Ni/GPL and steel 1020. The model is equally applicable to any kind of nanocomposite coating and bulk material like metals. For various nanocomposite coatings; their respective mechanical parameters should be used as inputs such as poisons ratio (v), Elastic Modulus (E), Hardness (H), Coefficient of Thermal Elastic mismatch (CTE) and intrinsic grain size (Do). The synergistic wear-corrosion effects were significantly-prominent in steel compared to Ni/GPL especially under contaminated lubricating oil conditions. This behaviour of Ni/GPL attributes to compact, refined grain structure leading to minimal grain pull-out during wear cycles which was also assured by less severe micro-ploughing in Ni/GPL compared to severe micro-cutting in steel. The predictions and experimental results were in good-agreement. Modelling of synergistic effects of wear-corrosion applied to nano-composite coatings have never been presented prior to this research. The significance of this work in terms of precision based wear-corrosion synergistic analysis, modelling and predictive techniques is evident from various industrial applications. This work will bring impacts for both in-situ and remote sensor based condition monitoring techniques to automotive, locomotive, aerospace, precision manufacturing and wind turbine industries.
Efficacy and adverse events of oral isotretinoin for acne: a systematic review (2017)

Despite many years of clinical use of isotretinoin, a comprehensive review of evidence for isotretinoin therapy in patients with acne is lacking. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, relevant web pages and bibliographies for randomized controlled trials in acne evaluating isotretinoin vs. control (placebo or other therapy). Data were extracted and summarized descriptively. Eleven trials were identified (total 760 patients randomized), containing mostly men. Mean treatment ages ranged from 18 to 47·9 years and participants generally had moderate-to-severe acne. Across all trials, isotretinoin therapy reduced acne lesion counts by a clinically relevant amount, and always by a greater amount than control, which was either placebo (two studies), oral antibiotics (seven studies) or other control (two studies). Across trials with an overall low risk of bias, two of three demonstrated statistically significant differences between isotretinoin and control. The frequency of adverse events was twice as high with isotretinoin (751 events) than with control (388 events). More than half of all adverse events were dermatological and related to dryness. Adverse events from isotretinoin causing participant withdrawal from trials (12 patients) included Stevens-Johnson syndrome, cheilitis, xerosis, acne flare, photophobia, elevated liver enzymes, decreased appetite, headaches and depressed mood. This review suggests that isotretinoin is effective in reducing acne lesion counts, but adverse events are common. This study was registered with PROSPERO number CRD42015025080.
Supplementary Figure 1 from IL15 Trispecific Killer Engagers (TriKE) Make Natural Killer Cells Specific to CD33<sup>+</sup> Targets While Also Inducing Persistence, <i>In Vivo</i> Expansion, and Enhanced Function (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. To address the input of the IL-15 moiety on NK cell cytotoxicity, we compared the 161533 TriKE to equivalent molar concentrations of IL-15 or IL-15 plus 1633 BiKE. Activation markers were studied.&lt;/p&gt;
P3–087: Type 2 diabetes is associated with accelerated longitudinal white matter degeneration in the elderly (2013)

Recent research suggests that diabetes mellitus type II (DMT2) in the elderly may double risk for dementia and may be associated with subtle white matter injury on cerebral diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans. However, the time course of white matter change associated with DMT2 is not well understood. We used longitudinal DTI to determine whether DMT2 is associated with accelerated microstructural WM degeneration over time in a sample of 162 individuals from the University of California, Davis Alzheimer's Disease Center. A set of 162 participants aged 74.7 ± 7.6 years spanning normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia (including 50 with DMT2) received a comprehensive clinical evaluation and brain DTI on two dates (mean interval (Δt): 3.6 years). DMT2 was not associated with white matter hyperintensity volume or summary measures of cognitive performance (p-values>0.1). Baseline and follow-up FA maps were calculated for each individual from DTI. Corresponding baseline and follow-up FA maps were aligned using linear and non-linear transformations, and subtracted to provide maps of individual FA change (ΔFA). Baseline FA maps were warped to a common DTI template, and associated transformation parameters were applied to ΔFA maps. This enabled voxel-based linear regressions with DMT2 and age as predictors of interest, ΔFA/Δt as the outcome of interest, and clinical diagnosis (normal, MCI, or dementia), baseline FA, education and gender as covariates. T maps for the effects of DMT2 and age were corrected for multiple comparisons. DMT2 was associated with greater decrease in FA among voxels covering 2cc of the WM. WM tracts most heavily implicated included the corpus callosum (CC) (3.9cc) and the cortico-spinal tract (2.2cc). Greater age was independently associated with greater decrease in FA in WM pathways covering 140cc of the WM, with CC (41.7cc) and uncinate fasciculus (3.5cc) heavily represented. This is one of very few studies of longitudinal DTI change in the elderly. DMT2 and age are independently associated with accelerated WM degeneration in areas whose integrity is known to be reduced in mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Future work should clarify the independent role of DMT2 in accelerating WM degeneration in the aging brain.
An optically-driven platform for manipulation of carbon nanotubes (2009)

The current study unveils an optically-driven platform for efficient manipulation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Capable of generating a non-uniform electric field at movable and changeable illuminated sites, a photoconductive layer is used to optically induce dielectrophoresis forces for manipulating CNTs. It is the platform's ability to flexibly adapt the optically-projected electrode patterns that enables a variety of manipulation throughputs. This approach can achieve a number of real-time manipulation and patterning results based on CNTs. The developed method may have potential to be applied on patterning of CNTs-based nano-sensors together with nano-electronics. Moreover, purification and classification of synthesized CNTs along with other applications requiring nano-scale manipulation may benefit from this technique as well.
Inhibition of Polo-like Kinase 4 Induced Both Cell Intrinsic and Non-Cell Intrinsic Anti-Leukemia Effects on TP53-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2022)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) carrying TP53 mutations is a distinct subtype characterized by genomic and chromosomal instability and a complex and monosomy karyotype (CK/MK). TP53-mutated AML portends an extremely grave prognosis and is refractory to conventional chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT). There is an unmet clinical need to develop novel therapeutic strategy for this disease. In an in-silico analysis to identify specific gene signatures of TP53-mutated AML, Polo-Like Kinase 4 (PLK4) was found to be highly expressed in this AML subtype. PLK4 is the master regulator of centriole duplication and cytokinesis and has been investigated as a target for therapeutic intervention in cancers. We hypothesized that PLK4 inhibition may perturb the oncogenic pathway of TP53-mutated AML. Twelve-day treatment with PLK4 inhibitor CFI-400945 as well as gene knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 suppressed cellular proliferation of TP53-mutated AML cell lines in vitro. CFI-400945 treatment for two days induced DNA damage as evident by γH2AX staining and cellular senescence by β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining. There was progressive increase in DNA ploidy and number of microtubule organizing center (MTOC), consistent with defective cytokinesis, which was demonstrable by time-lapsed microscopy. Cytoplasmic chromatin could be readily identified as micronuclei in the polyploid cells. Transcriptome analyses of TP53 mutated K052 cell line treated with CFI-400945 demonstrated induction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), occurring before the onset of polyploidy. Quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA assay confirmed the increase of CCL2, CXCL8, IL10, IL6, TNF-α and IFN-γ upon CFI-400945 treatment. Both M1 macrophages and T-cells were activated upon co-culture with K052 in the presence of CFI-400945, as evident by the respective increases in phagocytic activity and intracellular IFN-γ/TNF-α. Mechanistically, CFI-400945 induced increase in STING dimers and cGAMP levels and cellular senescence could be ameliorated by STING and cGAS inhibitors. Therapeutically, CFI-400945 treatment in vivo significantly reduced bioluminescence of NSG mice transplanted with luciferase tagged K052 cells, resulting in prolonged survival of recipient animals. The in vivo effects could be potentiated by concomitant treatment with anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody (B6H12), which binds to human CD47 and blocks the interaction with macrophages receptor SIRPα, leading to phagocytosis of leukemic cells. Our results demonstrated that PLK4 inhibition exerted both cell intrinsic and non-cell intrinsic therapeutic effects on TP53 mutated AML with the latter being mediated by activation of cGAS/STING pathway hence both innate and adaptive immunity.
Permanent atrial fibrillation in patients without structural heart disease is not associated with signs of infection byChlamydia pneumoniaeandHelicobacter pylori (2008)

Though presence of permanent AF is associated with elevated CRP levels, this elevation is not the result of earlier infections with Chlamydia pneumoniae or Helicobacter pylori or their combination.
Microbial pretreatment of biomass for renewable energy production (2017)

Anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass without pretreatment often transforms just one-third of the carbon into biogas, which is generally only 60% methane. Physical and chemical pretreatments to boost biomass biogas generation have shown to be ineffective. Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, an anaerobic thermophile, has been found to be capable of solubilizing up to 90% of lignocellulose, making the carbon available for anaerobic digestion. C. bescii has been shown to be capable of solubilizing a wide range of lignocellulosic materials in preliminary trials. Anaerobic digestion turns soluble materials into biogas with 70-80% methane quickly and efficiently. Isothermal biomicrocalorimetry experiments have shown the process's thermodynamics. We used the pretreatment-anaerobic digestion technique on gigantic king grass and saw a considerable increase in biogas generation. BEST is now gathering data on the pretreatment process using C. bescii and developing system prototypes to demonstrate the viability of scaling up to megawatt plants. Bioenergy is energy derived from biomass, and it plays a significant role in the promotion of renewable energy sources. LC biomass, which contains lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses, is one of nature's most abundant renewable bioresources. Lignocellulosic materials, such as agricultural and forest leftovers, energy crops, and municipal and food waste, are the finest sources for biofuel generation, such as biogas. According to the most recent biogas data data, energy crops, manure, and other agricultural leftovers account for over 72 percent of the feedstocks utilised in the anaerobic digestion (AD) process for biogas generation in Europe. The fundamental problem with utilising lignocellulosic (LC) biomass for biogas generation is biomass recalcitrance, which refers to the resistance of the biomass to chemical and biological degradation. Because of the complex structure that makes up LC biomass, which is utilised as a feedstock for biogas generation, the standard AD process has a lower hydrolysis rate. As a result, LC biomass pretreatment prior to AD is regarded as a critical step in improving biodegradability and biogas generation. Because of the short response time and increased requirement for nourishment for enzymatic reactions, as well as the fact that most enzymes do not react in the presence of inhibitors and other microbial metabolites, this pretreatment approach is gaining popularity. Because commercial and purified enzymes are too expensive for the AD process, using an enzyme-secreting, bacterial consortia for biomass is advantageous. Physical and chemical pretreatments for lignocellulosic resource breakdown are energy intensive and involve chemicals that may be harmful to the environment.
Enhanced heart rate response to haemorrhage by ileus in the pig (1993)

Effects of ileus on cardiovascular and hormonal responses to haemorrhage were evaluated in 10 anaesthetized pigs. Ileus was induced and the bleeding sequence repeated on the following day. Before ileus, a resting heart rate (HR) of 105 (range 83-140) beats min-1 remained unchanged until haemorrhage amounted to 15% of the blood volume. With a blood loss of 28% HR increased to a maximum of 162 (126-245) beats min-1. In contrast, ileus increased HR upon initiation of haemorrhage from a similar resting value to a maximum of 200 (152-250) beats min-1 (P < 0.0005). There were neither statistical differences in mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, central venous pressure, thoracic electrical impedance, pulmonary arterial mean pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances, nor in plasma concentrations of dopamine, adrenaline, vasopressin and aldosterone during haemorrhage before and after ileus. Plasma noradrenaline increased more with haemorrhage after than before ileus: from 2.8 (1.2-5.0) to 13 (2.3-59.0) vs. 3.0 (1.5-4.2) to 3.6 (2.7-17.5) nmol l-1 (P < 0.005). Also, the pancreatic polypeptide response to haemorrhage was enlarged with ileus (29 (0-60) to 90 (45-145) vs. 23 (0-64) to 57 (27-106) pmol l-1 (P < 0.005)). No significant differences could be detected in cardiovascular and hormonal responses to haemorrhage before and after a sham-operation in three pigs. Results demonstrate an immediate and enhanced HR response to haemorrhage in the pig with ileus, reflected in sympathetic activation as indicated by plasma noradrenaline.
Self Contact: Enhancing Virtual Reality Experience Recovering Kinaesthetic Feedback (2021)

Despite the considerable technological progress of haptic technology, to date there are still no wearable systems capable of providing both kinaesthetic and cutaneous feedback that are universally recognized and adopted outside the research contexts. This is particularly evident when dealing with virtual reality, where the lack of truthful tactile feedback has often been addressed by exploiting Pseudo-Haptics methods. Being designed to indirectly stimulate the somatosensory system, these methods are not meant to be integrated with haptic devices. With the idea of providing a meeting point between the haptic and pseudo- haptic fields, we propose the Self Contact paradigm: exploiting the pseudo-haptic principles to lead the user in generating a real kinaesthetic feedback through the contact between the fingers. Self Contact can be implemented alone or in combination with haptic thimbles, allowing to complete the set of tactile stimuli that is necessary for a realistic interaction with virtual objects in pick and place operations. A step-wise validation demonstrated that the proposed approach is suitable for recovering the kinaes- thetic feedback into virtual reality, towards the development of increasingly immersive environments.
Computation of Limit Cycles of a Wheelset Using a Galerkin Method (1979)

(1979). Computation of Limit Cycles of a Wheelset Using a Galerkin Method. Vehicle System Dynamics: Vol. 8, No. 2-3, pp. 168-171.
Checking the Cox model with cumulative sums of martingale-based residuals (1993)

This paper presents a new class of graphical and numerical methods for checking the adequacy of the Cox regression model. The procedures are derived from cumulative sums of martingale-based residuals over follow-up time and/or covariate values. The distributions of these stochastic processes under the assumed model can be approximated by zero-mean Gaussian processes. Each observed process can then be compared, both visually and analytically, with a number of simulated realizations from the approximate null distribution. These comparisons enable the data analyst to assess objectively how unusual the observed residual patterns are. Special attention is given to checking the functional form of a covariate, the form of the link function, and the validity of the proportional hazards assumption. An omnibus test, consistent against any model misspecification, is also studied. The proposed techniques are illustrated with two real data sets.