gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay for theophylline in serum. (1981)

A substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay for theophylline in serum is described. 8-(3-Aminopropyl)-theophylline is covalently attached to a fluorogenic enzyme substrate, 7-beta-galactosylcoumarin-3-carboxylic acid. Hydrolysis of this theophylline-labeled substrate by beta-galactosidase yields a fluorescent product. When antibody to theophylline interacts with this substrate, the resulting complex is inactive as an enzyme substrate. For measuring theophylline, competitive protein-binding reactions are set up, with the theophylline in the sample competing with the substrate for the antibody-binding sites. The substrate not bound to antibody is hydrolyzed by beta-galactosidase, producing fluorescence that is proportional to the theophylline concentration. Results for theophylline determined by this method in clinical samples of serum correlated well (r > 0.96) with results obtained by gas-chromatographic or enzyme immunoassay procedures. The within-run CV for three control samples ranged from 1.1 to 2.8%, the between-run CB from 2.3 to 4.5%.
Logopenic progressive aphasia beyond Alzheimer's—an evolution towards dementia with Lewy bodies: Table 1 (2012)

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is an umbrella term which identifies a group of neurodegenerative diseases manifested by relatively isolated language disorders. The logopenic variant (LPA), is characterised by a ‘word-on-the-tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon’ and anomia as well as by comprehension and repetition difficulties for sentences due to verbal working memory deficits.1 Cortical atrophy typically affects the left temporal-parietal junction.1 According to most studies LPA is primarily due to underlying Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology as suggested by biomarker findings from positron emission tomography with Pittsburgh compound B binding to amyloid deposits (PET-PIB) imaging and CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) β-amyloid and τ measures as well as by neuropathological data.2

However, PET-PIB and CSF data are drawn from relatively small PPA populations, which makes it difficult to conclude that LPA is invariably underpinned by AD pathology. Furthermore, neuropathological results from the most important sample of LPA patients have demonstrated that only seven out of 11 patients had AD while the remaining four patients had pathology characteristic of frontotemporal lobar degeneration.2 Finally, follow-up studies showing that LPA …
Matching and scheduling algorithms for minimizing execution time and failure probability of applications in heterogeneous computing (2002)

In a heterogeneous distributed computing system, machine and network failures are inevitable and can have an adverse effect on applications executing on the system. To reduce the effect of failures on an application executing on a failure-prone system, matching and scheduling algorithms which minimize not only the execution time but also the probability of failure of the application must be devised. However, because of the conflicting requirements, it is not possible to minimize both of the objectives at the same time. Thus, the goal of this paper is to develop matching and scheduling algorithms which account for both the execution time and the reliability of the application. This goal is achieved by modifying an existing matching and scheduling algorithm. The reliability of resources is taken into account using an incremental cost function proposed in this paper and the new algorithm is referred to as the reliable dynamic level scheduling algorithm. The incremental cost function can be defined based on one of the three cost functions developed here. These cost functions are unique in the sense that they are not restricted to tree-based networks and a specific matching and scheduling algorithm. The simulation results confirm that the proposed incremental cost function can be incorporated into matching and scheduling algorithms to produce schedules where the effect of failures of machines and network resources on the execution of the application is reduced and the execution time of the application is minimized as well.
Effect of E2F1 Knockdown on proliferation and invasion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cell line Caki-2 (2013)

Objective To study the effect of E2F1 knockdown on proliferation,migration and invasion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cell line Caki-2.Methods Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-E2F1and negative control sequences were transfected into Caki-2 cells by Lipo2000.The E2F1 expression levels were detected by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting respectively after transfection.MTS and Transwell assays were used to detect variations in cell proliferation,migration and invasion.Results Compared to untransfected group (130.100 ± 6.301) × 10-5 and negative control group (134.600 ± 7.163) × 10-5,the mRNA levels in siRNA-E2F1 group (37.770 ± 3.782) × 10-5were significantly reduced (P ＜0.01).The protein levels were consistent with mRNA levels.MTS assay demonstrated the absorbance in siRNA-E2F1 group was significantly decreased at the time points of 24,48,72 and 96 h after transfection (P ＜ 0.05),and Transwell assay revealed that the number of migrating cells in siRNA-E2F1 group (38.330 ±4.041) was significantly reduced at 48 h after transfection as compared with untransfected group (83.000 ± 8.888) and negative control group (87.330 ± 6.429) (P ＜0.01),and the number of invasive cells in siRNA-E2F1 group (78.330 ±7.572) was strongly reduced at 48 h after transfection as compared with untransfected group (143.30 ± 10.066) and negative control group (147.000 ± 14.000) (P ＜0.01).Conclusion Knockdown of E2F1 significantly decreased proliferation,migration and invasion of Caki-2 cells.

Key words: 
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma;  E2F1 gene ;  Proliferation;  Migration;  Invasion
Theory and experiment of In/sub 1-x/Ga/sub x/As/sub y/P/sub 1-y/ and In/sub 1-x-y/Ga/sub x/Al/sub y/As long-wavelength strained quantum-well lasers (1999)

We present a comprehensive model for the calculation of the bandedge profile of both the In/sub 1-x/Ga/sub x/As/sub y/P/sub 1-y/ and In/sub 1-x-y/Ga/sub x/Al/sub y/As quantum-well systems with an arbitrary composition. Using a many-body optical gain model, we compare the measured net modal gain for both material systems with calculations from the realistic band structure including valence band mixing effects. Calibrated measurements of the side light spontaneous emission spectrum based on its fundamental relation to the optical gain spectrum give values for the radiative current density. These measurements allow us to extract the relationship between total current density and carrier density. A fit of this relation yields values for the Auger coefficient for each material system.
Vessel track correlation and association using fuzzy logic and Echo State Networks (2014)

Tracking moving objects is a task of the utmost importance to the defence community. As this task requires high accuracy, rather than employing a single detector, it has become common to use multiple ones. In such cases, the tracks produced by these detectors need to be correlated (if they belong to the same sensing modality) or associated (if they were produced by different sensing modalities). In this work, we introduce Computational-Intelligence-based methods for correlating and associating various contacts and tracks pertaining to maritime vessels in an area of interest. Fuzzy k-Nearest Neighbours will be used to conduct track correlation and Fuzzy C-Means clustering will be applied for association. In that way, the uncertainty of the track correlation and association is handled through fuzzy logic. To better model the state of the moving target, the traditional Kalman Filter will be extended using an Echo State Network. Experimental results on five different types of sensing systems will be discussed to justify the choices made in the development of our approach. In particular, we will demonstrate the judiciousness of using Fuzzy k-Nearest Neighbours and Fuzzy C-Means on our tracking system and show how the extension of the traditional Kalman Filter by a recurrent neural network is superior to its extension by other methods.
Targeting an Achilles’ heel of cancer with a WRN helicase inhibitor (2013)

Our recently published work suggests that DNA helicases such as the Werner syndrome helicase (WRN) represent a novel class of proteins to target for anticancer therapy. Specifically, pharmacological inhibition of WRN helicase activity in human cells defective in the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway of interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair are sensitized to the DNA cross-linking agent and chemotherapy drug mitomycin C (MMC) by the WRN helicase inhibitor NSC 617145. (1) The mechanistic basis for the synergistic interaction between NSC 617145 and MMC is discussed in this paper and extrapolated to potential implications for genetic or chemically induced synthetic lethality provoked by cellular exposure to the WRN helicase inhibitor under the context of relevant DNA repair deficiencies associated with cancers or induced by small-molecule inhibitors. Experimental data are presented showing that small-molecule inhibition of WRN helicase elevates sensitivity to MMC-induced stress in human cells that are deficient in both FANCD2 and DNA protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). These findings suggest a model in which drug-mediated inhibition of WRN helicase activity exacerbates the deleterious effects of MMC-induced DNA damage when both the FA and NHEJ pathways are defective. We conclude with a perspective for the FA pathway and synthetic lethality and implications for DNA repair helicase inhibitors that can be developed for anticancer strategies.
Temperature dependence of the resistance of one-dimensional metal films with dominant Nyquist phase breaking (1994)

We report the results of a comprehensive study of the temperature dependences of the resistance of one-dimensional narrow gold films with respect to the effects of weak localization (WL) and electron-electron interaction (EEI) in a wide temperature range. The electron wave-function coherence for such samples is limited by electron-electron collisions with small energy transfer (the Nyquist phase-breaking mechanism). It is shown that the temperature dependence of the WL contribution to the resistance, obtained for such a case, is in excellent agreement with the theory by Altshuler, Aronov, and Khmelnitskii. The experimental dependences \ensuremath{\Delta}R(T) for one-dimensional samples are described quantitatively by the sum of the WL contribution, the contribution of the singlet part of the diffusion channel of EEI, and the contribution of the quantum interference between electron-phonon and electron-impurity scattering.
Evaluation of Distributed Intelligence on the Smart Card (2013)

We describe challenges in the risk management of smart card based electronic cash industry and describe a method to evaluate the effectiveness of distributed intelligence on the smart card. More specifically, we discuss the evaluation of distributed intelligence function called "on-chip risk management" of the smart card for the global electronic cash payment application using micro dynamic simulation. Handling of uncertainty related to future economic environment, various potential counterfeit attack scenarios, requires simulation of such environment to evaluate on-chip performance. Creation of realistic simulation of electronic cash economy, transaction environment, consumers, merchants, banks are challenge themselves. In addition, we shows examples of detection capability of off-chip, host based counterfeit detection systems based on the micro dynamic simulation model generated data set.
Experimental investigation of security parameter of Y-00 quantum stream cipher transceiver with randomization technique: part II (2018)

As a security parameter of Y-00 quantum stream cipher, a guessing probability by an eavesdropper for a secret key of legitimate users is discussed. Assuming that Eve employs the direct detection and Gaussian intensity distribution of each intensity level of Y-00 cipher signals are same, an analytic solution of probability of correct guessing of the secret key in a case of the ciphertext-only attack is derived. The solution is applied to experimentally measure the probabilities of our Y-00 quantum stream cipher transceiver. A very low probability of the Y-00 cipher transceiver is experimentally confirmed.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Slow Response to Tuberculosis Treatment in a State Control Program, Virginia, USA (2010)

Therapeutic drug monitoring may be useful in tuberculosis management, but programmatic implementation is understudied. We performed a retrospective cohort study to determine prevalence of lower than expected levels of isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide measured at time of estimated peak serum concentration. Patients were tested for serum concentration at 2 hours after medication administration. When patients were tested, 22 had concentrations lower than expected range for rifampin, 23 of 39 patients had low levels of isoniazid, and 8 of 26 patients had low levels of ethambutol; all 20 patients tested for pyrazinamide were within expected range. Over 26 months, 42 patients met criteria for slow response. Diabetes was associated with slow response (p<0.001), and persons with diabetes were more likely than persons without diabetes to have low rifampin levels (p = 0.03). Dosage adjustment of rifampin was more likely to elevate serum concentration to the target range than adjustment of isoniazid given in daily doses (p = 0.01).
(Invited) Carbon Nanotube Electronic Ratchets (2020)

Electronic ratchets are recently demonstrated thin-film semiconductor devices with the ability to harvest energy from high-frequency signals or electrical noise. The state-of-the-art electronic ratchets have been fabricated from doped conjugated polymers, but the device performance is limited by the low charge-carrier mobility and relatively poor electrical conductivity. Enriched semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (s-SWCNT) networks represent an attractive alternative to conjugated polymers, since they are easy to dope and exhibit good charge-carrier transport. While the electronic ratchet device is based on a simple field-effect transistor architecture, it requires the generation of asymmetry within the transistor channel. In this presentation, we will outline the approaches employed to control the charge-carrier doping profile to create this asymmetry. We will subsequently discuss the performance of these carbon nanotube electronic ratchets and make a comparison with their conjugated polymer counterparts.
Medicine Glass Bottle Defect Detection Based on Machine Vision (2019)

Medicine glass bottles must be inspected for various indicators after production. The article proposes a method based on machine vision for the detection of glass bottle port defects with simple operation and wide application. Obtain the image of the bottle by using the backlight illumination. Pretreat the image of the bottle, and the quality of the glass bottle is determined and the defect range is determined by detecting and analyzing the characteristics of the connected domain of the defect position of the glass bottle port. The pretreatment mainly includes image median filtering, image enhancement, and edge detection. The types of glass bottle defects mainly include cracks, missing edges, dirty bottles, black spots, and so on. After testing quite a number of medicinal glass bottles, the method can be widely applied to common glass bottle port defects. The thirty-six sample bottles with missing edge defects had the lowest recognition rate of 91.6%.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor expression in clinical pain disorder tissues and role in neuronal sensitization (2018)

Our findings support GM-CSFR as a therapeutic target for pain and hypersensitivity in clinical CNS and peripheral inflammatory conditions. Although GM-CSFR was decreased in chronic painful injured peripheral nerves, it could mediate CNS neuroinflammatory effects, which deserves study.
Key concepts for extending the depth of field with high resolution (2012)

We discuss two key concepts that are useful for extending the depth of field of an optical system.The first concept associates anamorphic processors with the methods that reduce the impact of focus errors, on the optical transfer function.The second concept links Alvarez-Lohmann lenses with tunable masks for controlling the depth of field, without modifying the size of the pupil aperture.
Interactive visualization of three-dimensional SPECT cardiac images (2002)

Various methods for interactively viewing single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images of the myocardium and cardiac blood pool have been developed. Standard clinical protocols are used to acquire and reconstruct myocardial perfusion and gated blood pool projection data. The 3-D images are segmented with a thresholding algorithm prior to surface rendering on a Stellar GS1000 graphics supercomputer. Viewing regions of interest from arbitrary perspectives permits a more comprehensive evaluation of myocardial perfusion and cardiac performance. Voxel visualization along interactively chosen slicing planes through a 3-D image has been implemented on both the Stellar and on a Sun 3/280 equipped with a graphics accelerator. This presentation is superior to surface rendering for viewing low-amplitude features such as the right ventricular myocardium. Volume rendering has been implemented on these two computers, but it is not yet fast enough for real-time interactive viewing. Interactive visualization of 3-D SPECT images illustrates the potential for greater exploitation of these images in evaluating cardiac physiology and pathology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Calculated majority- and minority-carrier mobilities in heavily doped silicon and comparisons with experiment (1992)

As silicon devices approach 0.1 μm in size, it will be essential to have accurate values of the majority and minority mobilities of electrons and holes. These mobilities have been calculated in silicon for donor and acceptor densities between 1017 and 1020 cm−3. All the important scattering mechanisms have been included. The ionized impurity scattering has been treated with a quantum-mechanical phase-shift analysis. The results are in good agreement with experiment, but predict that the change of minority electron mobility with increasing dopant density should decrease slightly at high dopant densities for a small range of densities. This effect occurs mainly because of the reduction of plasmon scattering. Some recent experiments support these findings. In addition, the ionized impurity scattering rates calculated from the quantum-mechanical phase shifts and those rates calculated from the Born approximation are shown to differ by more than factors of 3. The Born approximation is not valid for low-energy carriers near band extrema. Carrier scattering rates are key input quantities for Monte Carlo calculations of carrier-velocity versus electric-field relations and of simulations of device behavior. Our calculations do not treat the density-of-states modifications due to heavy doping, which should have only a small effect on the mobility at room temperature.
Curing of dental composites by use of InGaN light-emitting diodes (1999)

A potential application of blue-light-emitting InGaN LED's as a polymerizing source for dental composite materials is described. We compared a basic LED device with a conventional curing light in vitro to determine the polymerization parameters and to examine the effect of the curing process on the physical properties of these materials. It was determined that an array of six LED's was able to set a range of composite materials more quickly than a conventional light source, with the cured compounds showing similar hardness and material shrinkage parameters but with a lower material temperature rise during the curing process using the array. These findings indicate that a device consisting of several InGaN LED's would be an effective instrument for curing certain light-sensitive materials, particularly dental composites.
European democracy and its critique (1995)

After presenting a ‘standard version’ of the European Union's democratic deficit thesis, the European democratisation debate is broadened in four directions. First, the issue of demos and the political boundaries of the Union is considered, presenting competing notions of European peoplehood. Then European governance is presented as taking one of three forms: international, supranational and/or infranational. A differentiated democratic discourse is proposed to reflect the multiple‐form governance of the Union. The notion of democracy itself is then subjected to the same differentiated approach with a brief examination of various models of democracy and of the insight they can offer to European governance. Finally, the issue of Union competences ‐ as a form of disaggregating power ‐ is introduced as an important element in the democratisation debate.
The Handbook of Medical Image Perception and Techniques (2009)

"A state-of-the-art review of key topics in medical image perception science and practice, including associated techniques, illustrations and examples. This second edition contains extensive updates and substantial new content. Written by key figures in the field, it covers a wide range of topics including signal detection, image interpretation and advanced image analysis (e.g., deep learning) techniques for interpretive and computational perception. It provides an overview of the key techniques of medical image perception and observer performance research, and includes examples and applications across clinical disciplines including radiology, pathology and oncology. A final chapter discusses the future prospects of medical image perception and assesses upcoming challenges and possibilities, enabling readers to identify new areas for research. Written for both newcomers to the field and experienced researchers and clinicians, this book provides a comprehensive reference for those interested in medical image perception as means to advance knowledge and improve human health"...Provided by publisher
Loss of Carrying Capacity in Pipes—Transporting Softened Water with High pH (1989)

The increase in pipe roughness and loss in carrying capacity for water mains carrying high pH water is documented with over 20 field tests conducted in Austin, Texas. The data show that the rate of growth of pipe roughness decreased once the Utility began to add scale inhibiting chemicals to the water.