gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the use of dielectric elements in axion searches with microwave resonant cavities (2023)

Abstract This study explores the primary effects of dielectric materials in a resonant cavity-based search for axion dark matter. While dielectrics prove beneficial in numerous cases, their incorporation may lead to less-than-optimal performance, especially for the lowest TM mode. Additionally, the stronger confinement of the electric field inside the dielectrics can exacerbate mode mixings, in particular for higher-order modes. Case studies have been carried out using a combination of analytical solutions and numerical simulations. The findings indicate dielectric cavities employing the TM 010 mode experience a significant reduction in sensitivity when compared to a similar search conducted in a cavity at equivalent frequency using no dielectrics.
β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase MthNAG from Myceliophthora thermophila C1, a thermostable enzyme for production of N-acetylglucosamine from chitin (2018)

Thermostable enzymes are a promising alternative for chemical catalysts currently used for the production of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from chitin. In this study, a novel thermostable β-N-acetylglucosaminidase MthNAG was cloned and purified from the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila C1. MthNAG is a protein with a molecular weight of 71 kDa as determined with MALDI-TOF-MS. MthNAG has the highest activity at 50 °C and pH 4.5. The enzyme shows high thermostability above the optimum temperature: at 55 °C (144 h, 75% activity), 60 °C (48 h, 85% activity; half-life 82 h), and 70 °C (24 h, 33% activity; half-life 18 h). MthNAG releases GlcNAc from chitin oligosaccharides (GlcNAc)<sub>2-5</sub>, p-nitrophenol derivatives of chitin oligosaccharides (GlcNAc)<sub>1-3</sub>-pNP, and the polymeric substrates swollen chitin and soluble chitosan. The highest activity was detected towards (GlcNAc)<sub>2</sub>. MthNAG released GlcNAc from the non-reducing end of the substrate. We found that MthNAG and Chitinase Chi1 from M. thermophila C1 synergistically degraded swollen chitin and released GlcNAc in concentration of approximately 130 times higher than when only MthNAG was used. Therefore, chitinase Chi1 and MthNAG have great potential in the industrial production of GlcNAc.
Magnetically Guided Theranostics: Enhancing the Contrast of Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Multiple-Layer Montmorillonite-Based Iron/Platinum Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Orthotopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2021)

Abstract In Asia, including Taiwan, malignant tumors such as Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) one of the liver cancer is the most diagnosed subtype. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been a typical diagnostic method for accurately diagnosing HCC. When it is difficult to demonstrate non-enhanced MRI of tumors, radiologists can use contrast agents (such as Gd 3+ , Fe 3 O 4 , or FePt) for T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging, which can remain in the liver for a long time to facilitate diagnosis via MRI. However, sometimes it is difficult for T2-weighted imaging to detect small tumor lesions because the liver tissue may actively absorb iron ions. This makes early cancer detection a challenging goal. To develop a method that can more efficiently diagnose and simultaneously treat HCC during MRI examination, we designed a functionalized montmorillonite (MMT) material with a porous structure to benefit related drugs, such as mitoxantrone (MIT) delivery or as a carrier for the FePt nanoparticles (FePt NPs) to introduce cancer therapy. Multifunctional FePt@MMT can simultaneously visualize and treat various diseases and can be used as an inducer of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). After loading the drug MIT, FePt@MMT-MIT provides both MFH treatment and chemotherapy in one nanosystem. These results ultimately prove that functionalized FePt@MMT-MIT could be integrated as a versatile drugs delivery system by combining with MRI, chemotherapeutic drugs, and magnetic guide targeting.
Interface-acting nucleotide controls polymerization dynamics at microtubule plus- and minus-ends (2023)

Abstract GTP-tubulin is preferentially incorporated at growing microtubule ends, but the biochemical mechanism by which the bound nucleotide regulates the strength of tubulin:tubulin interactions is debated. The ‘self-acting’ (cis) model posits that the nucleotide (GTP or GDP) bound to a particular tubulin dictates how strongly that tubulin interacts, whereas the ‘interface-acting’ (trans) model posits that the nucleotide at the interface of two tubulin dimers is the determinant. We identified a testable difference between these mechanisms using mixed nucleotide simulations of microtubule elongation: with self-acting nucleotide plus- and minus-end growth rates decreased in the same proportion to the amount of GDP-tubulin, whereas with interface-acting nucleotide plus-end growth rates decreased disproportionately. We then experimentally measured plus- and minus-end elongation rates in mixed nucleotides and observed a disproportionate effect of GDP-tubulin on plus-end growth rates. Simulations of microtubule growth were consistent with GDP-tubulin binding at and ‘poisoning’ plus-ends but not at minus-ends. Quantitative agreement between simulations and experiments required nucleotide exchange at terminal plus-end subunits to mitigate the poisoning effect of GDP-tubulin there. Our results indicate that the interfacial nucleotide determines tubulin:tubulin interaction strength, thereby settling a longstanding debate over the effect of nucleotide state on microtubule dynamics.
A growth method for creating arrays of atomically flat mesas on silicon (2001)

We describe a method for producing arrays of atomically flat mesa structures on Si(111) through the deposition of Si on a lithographically patterned substrate in the temperature range 750–850 °C. The Si source was a supersonic beam of Si2H6. With an appropriate choice of substrate temperature and deposition rate, the atomic steps initially present on each mesa surface move by a step flow process to the trenches, which define the mesa leaving the surface as one extensive exposed atomic plane or terrace. The rate of clearing is believed to be limited by the velocity of step bunches. When the terraces become sufficiently large, nucleation of stacks of monoatomic islands occurs. Comparison is made with a previously developed evaporation method for making step-free surfaces.
Effect of sulfate on methanogenic communities that degrade unsaturated and saturated long‐chain fatty acids (LCFA) (2008)

Anaerobic bacteria involved in the degradation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), in the presence of sulfate as electron acceptor, were studied by combined cultivation-dependent and molecular techniques. The bacterial diversity in four mesophilic sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures, growing on oleate (C(18:1), unsaturated LCFA) or palmitate (C(16:0), saturated LCFA), was studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiling of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. These enrichment cultures were started using methanogenic inocula in order to assess the competition between methanogenic communities and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Phylogenetic affiliation of rRNA gene sequences corresponding to predominant DGGE bands demonstrated that members of the Syntrophomonadaceae, together with sulfate reducers mainly belonging to the Desulfovibrionales and Syntrophobacteraceae groups, were present in the sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures. Subculturing of LCFA-degrading methanogenic cultures in the presence of sulfate resulted in the inhibition of methanogenesis and, after several transfers, archaea could no longer be detected by real-time PCR. Competition for hydrogen and acetate was therefore won by sulfate reducers, but acetogenic syntrophic bacteria were the only known LCFA-degrading organisms present after subculturing with sulfate. Principal component analysis of the DGGE profiles from methanogenic and sulfate-reducing oleate- and palmitate-enrichment cultures showed a greater influence of the substrate than the presence or absence of sulfate, indicating that the bacterial communities degrading LCFA in the absence/presence of sulfate are rather stable.
Performance Analysis of Air and Oxy-Fuel Laminar Combustion in a Porous Plate Reactor (2019)

Greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels pose a serious threat to global warming. Mitigation measures to counter the exponential growth and harmful impact of these gases on the environment require techniques for the reduction and capturing of carbon. Oxy-fuel combustion is one such effective method, which is used for the carbon capture. In the present work, a numerical study was carried out to analyze characteristics of oxy-fuel combustion inside a porous plate reactor. The advantage of incorporating porous plates is to control local oxy-fuel ratio and to avoid hot spots inside the reactor. A modified two-steps reaction kinetics model was incorporated in the simulation for modeling of methane air-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion. Simulations were performed for different oxidizer ratios, mass flow rates, and reactor heights. Results showed that that oxy-combustion with an oxidizer ratio (OR) of 0.243 could have the same adiabatic flame temperature as that of air-combustion. It was found that not only does OR need to be changed, but also flow field or reactor dimensions should be changed to achieve similar combustion characteristics as that of air-combustion. Fifty percent higher mass flow rates or 40% reduction in reactor height may achieve comparable outlet temperature to air-combustion. It was concluded that not only does the oxidizer ratio of oxy-combustion need to be changed, but the velocity field is also required to be matched with air-combustion to attain similar outlet temperature.
Nucleotide identity and variability among different Pakistani hepatitis C virus isolates (2009)

The variability within the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome has formed the basis for several genotyping methods and used widely for HCV genotyping worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine percent nucleotide identity and variability in HCV isolates prevalent in different geographical regions of Pakistan. Sequencing analysis of the 5'noncoding region (5'-NCR) of 100 HCV RNA-positive patients representing all the four provinces of Pakistan were carried out using ABI PRISM 3100 Genetic Analyzer. The results showed that type 3 is the predominant genotypes circulating in Pakistan, with an overall prevalence of 50%. Types 1 and 4 viruses were 9% and 6% respectively. The overall nucleotide similarity among different Pakistani isolates was 92.50% ± 0.50%. Pakistani isolates from different areas showed 7.5% ± 0.50% nucleotide variability in 5'NCR region. The percent nucleotide identity (PNI) was 98.11% ± 0.50% within Pakistani type 1 sequences, 98.10% ± 0.60% for type 3 sequences, and 99.80% ± 0.20% for type 4 sequences. The PNI between different genotypes was 93.90% ± 0.20% for type 1 and type 3, 94.80% ± 0.12% for type 1 and type 4, and 94.40% ± 0.22% for type 3 and type 4. Genotype 3 is the most prevalent HCV genotype in Pakistan. Minimum and maximum percent nucleotide divergences were noted between genotype 1 and 4 and 1 and 3 respectively.
H-ARQ system for real time error detection and correction based on hardware associative memories (2012)

This paper presents a solution of design and implementation of a hardware error correction and detection circuit using associative memories. This type of memory allows search of a stored binary value, having as an input data a partial (or modified) amount of this value. This property can be used in communication, for detection and correction of errors. In our experiments the encoder just associate message with corresponded word code, which is sent to communication channel. The decoder can associate back the word code received from communication channel with the message, even if the received word code has errors. This is due to associative memory recognition ability. Experimental results obtained were compared with performances of other hardware systems.
Phytoconstituents and Pharmacological Activities of Indian Camphorweed (Pluchea indica): A Multi-Potential Medicinal Plant of Nutritional and Ethnomedicinal Importance (2022)

<i>Pluchea indica</i> (L.) Less. (Asteraceae) commonly known as Indian camphorweed, pluchea, or marsh fleabane has gained great importance in various traditional medicines for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. It is utilized to cure several illnesses such as lumbago, kidney stones, leucorrhea, inflammation, gangrenous and atonic ulcer, hemorrhoids, dysentery, eye diseases, itchy skin, acid stomach, dysuria, abdominal pain, scabies, fever, sore muscles, dysentery, diabetes, rheumatism, etc. The plant or its leaves in the form of tea are commonly used for treating diabetes and rheumatism. The plant is a rich source of calcium, vitamin C, dietary fiber, and β-carotene. Various biomolecules have been isolated from <i>P. indica</i>, including thiophenes, terpenes, quinic acids, sterols, lignans, phenolics, and flavonoids. The current review reports detailed information about the phytoconstituents and pharmacological relevance of <i>P. indica</i> and the link to its traditional uses. The reported studies validated the efficacy and safety of <i>P. indica</i>, as well as supported its traditional uses for treating various ailments and promoting health and well-being. Thus, this could encourage the development of this plant into a healthy food supplement or medicine for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. However, further studies on the drug interactions, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and metabolism, as well as clinical trials, should be carried out.
Fibrosis of the Upper Lobes: A Newly Identified Late-Onset Complication After Lung Transplantation? (2003)

High-resolution CT findings suggestive of gradual progressive lung fibrosis, predominantly in the upper lobes with relative sparing of the basal segments, may represent a specific and rare type of rejection of still unknown cause in lung transplant recipients.
Thermal stability and renaturation of DNA in dimethyl sulfoxide solutions: Acceleration of the renaturation rate (1980)

Abstract The thermal stability and renaturation kinetics of DNA have been studied as a function of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentration. Increasing the concentration of DMSO lowers the melting temperature of DNA but results in an increased second‐order renaturation rate. For example, in a DNA solution containing 0.20 M NaCl, 0.01 M Tris (pH 8.0), and 0.001 M EDTA, the addition of 40% DMSO lowers the melting temperature of the DNA by 27°C and approximately doubles the optimal renaturation rate. The effect of DMSO on the renaturation rate is shown to be at least partially due to its effect on the solution dielectric constant and to be consistent with the polyelectrolyte counterion condensation theory of Manning [(1976) Biopolymers 15 , 1333–1343].
Phase Conjugation in OAM fiber modes via Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (2018)

We report the first demonstration of phase conjugation in OAM fiber modes via SBS. Acoustic and optical angular-momentum selection rules facilitate this even for monomode launch, in contrast to the traditional need for multimode inputs.
Millimeter Microwave Emission from a Maser by use of Plasma-Produced Elecrons Orbiting a Positively Charged Wire (1980)

Plasma-produced electrons have been trapped for long periods of time in orbits around a positively charged wire. Since the frequency of rotation of each electron increases if it loses kinetic energy and sinks into the positive-potential well, phase bunching resulting in intense microwave emission can be easily excited.
Detection of the Underground Water Leak by Using Vibration Intensity Method. (2000)

Nowadays, we have a lot of pipes underground for water service or gas supply. If leakage at these pipes occurs, it will not only come to huge economical loss, but also result in the cause of serious accident. Therefore, the leakage must be detected at fast as possible to be repaired. However, the identification of the leak location is difficult because the pipes are invisible. In the case of water leak, the detection has been relied upon the experts who have such skills that they can identify the leak location by hearing the noise of surface vibration on the ground. According to the lack of experts, however, more convenient and effective approach has been desired instead of the existing method. This paper describes the application of vibration intensity measurement for the detection of water leak location. The analytical model of the surface vibration on the ground is shown and the spatial distribution is estimated. Furthermore, the simulation of vibration intensity measurement is performed and the improvement in accuracy is proposed.
β1-Adrenergic Blockade Augments Pulsatile PTH Secretion in Humans (2003)

Pulsatile peptide hormone secretion provides efficient control of specific end organ functions. To test the hypothesis that sympathetic neuronal activity drives synchronous pulsatile PTH release from the parathyroid glands, we investigated the acute effects of beta1-adrenergic receptor blockade on PTH secretion patterns in a single-blinded study in nine healthy adults. Plasma PTH levels were determined at 1-min intervals. After a 75-min baseline period, seven subjects received a continuous intravenous infusion of the short-acting beta1-adrenergic receptor blocker esmolol for 105 min. After a 30-min washout period, esmolol was infused for another 30 min. Two additional subjects were randomized to receive solvent infusions. PTH secretion characteristics were analyzed by multiparameter deconvolution analysis, and the orderliness of plasma PTH fluctuations by Approximate Entropy statistics. BP slightly decreased during esmolol infusion, whereas heart rate, ionized calcium, phosphate, magnesium, and plasma and urine catecholamines remained unchanged. Esmolol increased mean plasma PTH by 33 +/- 8% (P < 0.01), due to a preferential increase in the pulsatile PTH secretion component (+129 +/- 44%, P < 0.02). The increased pulsatile PTH secretion was mediated by an augmented PTH burst mass (+117 +/- 42%, P < 0.01), whereas burst frequency remained unchanged. The regularity of PTH fluctuations was not affected by the beta-adrenergic blockade. The effects were reproducible during the second esmolol infusion. The authors conclude that the sympathetic nervous system has a modulating effect on pulsatile PTH secretion. Selective beta-1 adrenergic blockade acutely increases plasma PTH by augmenting the mass of hormone secreted per burst, but it does not alter the rhythmicity of pulsatile PTH release.
Mathematical modelling of the urea cycle (2003)

Metabolite channelling, the process in which consecutive enzymes have confined substrate transfer in metabolic pathways, has been proposed as a biochemical mechanism that has evolved because it enhances catalytic rates and protects unstable intermediates. Results from experiments on the synthesis of radioactive urea [Cheung, C., Cohen, N.S. & Raijman, L (1989) J. Biol. Chem.264, 4038-4044] have been interpreted as implying channelling of arginine between argininosuccinate lyase and arginase in permeabilized hepatocytes. To investigate this interpretation further, a mathematical model of the urea cycle was written, using Mathematica it simulates time courses of the reactions. The model includes all relevant intermediates, peripheral metabolites, and subcellular compartmentalization. Analysis of the output from the simulations supports the argument for a high degree of, but not absolute, channelling and offers insights for future experiments that could shed more light on the quantitative aspects of this phenomenon in the urea cycle and other pathways.
The ORF61 Protein Encoded by Simian Varicella Virus and Varicella-Zoster Virus Inhibits NF-κB Signaling by Interfering with IκBα Degradation (2015)

The role of innate immunity during the establishment of primary infection, latency, and reactivation by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is incompletely understood. Since infection of rhesus macaques by simian varicella virus (SVV) is used as an animal model of VZV infection, we characterized the molecular mechanism by which SVV interferes with innate immune activation. Specifically, we studied how SVV prevents activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, a central factor in eliciting proinflammatory responses. The identification of molecular mechanisms that counteract innate immunity might ultimately lead to better vaccines and treatments for VZV, since overcoming these mechanisms, either by small-molecule inhibition or by genetic modification of vaccine strains, is expected to reduce the pathogenic potential of VZV. Moreover, using SVV infection of rhesus macaques, it will be possible to study how increasing the vulnerability of varicella viruses to innate immunity will impact viral pathogenesis.
Clinical characteristics and resource utilization of ICU patients (1987)

We reviewed the clinical characteristics and resource utilization of 391 medical (M) and 315 surgical (S) ICU patients. In general, MICU patients had more physiologic derangement, as determined by the admission, maximal, and average acute physiology scores (APS). SICU patients had more frequent therapeutic interventions as measured by admission, maximal, and average therapeutic intervention scoring system values. Notably, 40% of MICU and 30% of SICU patients never received any active interventions and were admitted strictly for monitoring purposes. Patients on admission with APS less than or equal to 10 had markedly shorter ICU stays, with almost 50% less treatment than patients with APS over 10. Fifty-six percent of patients with APS less than or equal to 10 did not require any active intervention. In contrast, 83% of patients with APS greater than 10 had considerable intensive interventions. These patients required mechanical ventilation, invasive monitoring, and vasoactive drugs more than twice as often as patients with lower APS scores. Consideration should be given, therefore, to the organization of ICUs according to the patient's severity of illness.
The global technology revolution and the chemical industry: an Australian perspective (2002)

The chemical industry plays an important part in modern economies and in national innovation systems both in its own right and as a source of technology inputs to other industries. We are witnessing, at present, the transformation of the industry worldwide, as we move to a molecular-based understanding of materials, biology and the environment. We suggest that there are three tiers in the industry for which governments and public research institutes need to develop different strategies if they wish to assist the development of the industry in their countries. The paper discusses the experience of the Australian chemical industry in adjusting to the new global environment. We use case studies of three Australian companies to illustrate different approaches.
The Nonlinear Dynamic Response of Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate to Uterine Pressure (2022)

The research objective of our group is to improve the intrapartum detection of cardiotocography tracings associated with an increased risk of developing fetal acidosis and subsequent hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The detection methods that we aim to develop must be sensitive to abnormal tracings without causing excessive unnecessary interventions. Past studies showed that the dynamic response of fetal heart rate (FHR) to uterine pressure (UP) during the intrapartum could be modelled using linear systems. In this study, we examined the assumption of linearity by comparing the performance of linear dynamic and nonlinear dynamic models of the UP-FHR system. The linear systems were defined by second-order state-space models. The nonlinear systems were defined by Hammerstein models: a cascade of a static nonlinearity and a linear second-order state-space model. Our results showed that nonlinear dynamic models were better than linear systems in 81.8% of UP-FHR segments.