gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superiority of Branched Side Chains in Spontaneous Nanowire Formation: Exemplified by Poly(3‐2‐methylbutylthiophene) for High‐Performance Solar Cells (2011)

One-dimensional nanostructures containing heterojunctions by conjugated polymers, such as nanowires, are expected to greatly facilitate efficient charge transfer in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Thus, a combined theoretical and experimental approach is pursued to explore spontaneous nanowire formation. A dissipative particle dynamics simulation is first performed to study the morphologies formed by rodlike polymers with various side-chain structures. The results surprisingly predict that conjugated polymers with branched side chains are well suited to form thermodynamically stable nanowires. Proof of this concept is provided via the design and synthesis of a branched polymer of regioregular poly(3-2-methylbutylthiophene) (P3MBT), which successfully demonstrates highly dense nanowire formation free from any stringent conditions and stratagies. In BHJ solar cells fabricated using a blend of P3MBT and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC(71) BM), P3MBT polymers are self-organized into highly crystalline nanowires with a d(100) spacing of 13.30 Å. The hole mobility of the P3MBT:PC(71) BM (1:0.5 by weight) blend film reaches 3.83 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) , and the maximum incident photon-to-current efficiency reaches 68%. The results unambiguously prove the spontaneous formation of nanowires using solution-processable conjugated polymers with branched alkyl side chains in BHJ solar cells.
A unified model approach for solder joint life prediction (2015)

In real world applications, the inherent resilience associated with as manufactured solder joints does not lead the solder joints to exhibit spontaneous degradation behavior as explained in various studies using Coffin-Manson and other models [1] [2]. On the contrary, solder joints spend substantial period of lifetime free of degradation or in which the rate of degradation is negligible and insignificant [3]. Therefore, any efforts that do not capture the initial degradation free life time result in underestimation of overall useful product life. This study presents an integrated approach that combines the crack initiation and crack propagation phases to provide a unified model for solder joint life prediction. Underlying thermo-mechanical physics of failure mechanisms responsible for degradation are used to develop the constitutive models separately for initiation and propagation phases. These models are then combined to come up with a unified life prediction model for solder joints. Owing to complex nature of degradation in initiation and propagation phases, non-linear regression methods have been utilized to estimate the model parameters. The resulting models are used to predict the total estimated life time of solder joints using crack initiation and crack propagation models on the dataset from a given study [3].
How to monitor myocardial ischemia (2000)

Myocardial ischemia detection and monitoring has crucial significance on clinical management and prognosis. Several methods are currently used to monitor ischemia and new techniques have recently become available for clinical use. The electrocardiogram (ECG) plays a central role in the evaluation of patients with suspected myocardial ischemia. ECG monitoring is important to detect not only rhythm disturbances but also ST-segment changes, indicative of myocardial ischemia. Exercise stress testing still remains the method of choice for risk stratification after myocardial infarction. Signal-averaged ECG can be used to assess the risk of future life-threatening arrhythmias in selected patients. New sensitive biochemical markers, particularly the cardiac troponins, are the best criterion to detect the presence of small myocardial cell damage. Myoglobin allows early diagnosis, whereas troponins are more specific for myocardial injury. Noninvasive cardiac imaging probing contractile reserve, myocardial perfusion, and metabolism is now available for detecting and monitoring ischemia. Although echocardiography and nuclear medicine have the most solid record in the clinical setting, magnetic resonance imaging offers flexibility to evaluate several parameters of myocardial ischemia in one single study.
Hypoxia-responsive miR-210 promotes self-renewal capacity of colon tumor-initiating cells by repressing ISCU and by inducing lactate production (2016)

Low oxygen concentrations (hypoxia) are known to affect the cellular metabolism and have been suggested to regulate a subpopulation of cancer cells with tumorigenic properties, the so-called tumor-initiating cells (TICs). To better understand the mechanism of hypoxia-induced TIC activation, we set out to study the role of hypoxia-responsive miRNAs in recently established colon cancer patient-derived TICs. We were able to show that low oxygen concentrations consistently lead to the upregulation of miR-210 in different primary TIC-enriched cultures. Both stable overexpression of miR-210 and knockdown of its target gene ISCU resulted in enhanced TIC self-renewal. We could validate the tumorigenic properties of miR- 210 in in vivo experiments by showing that ectopic expression of miR-210 results in increased tumor incidence. Furthermore, enhanced miR-210 expression correlated with reduced TCA cycle activity and increased lactate levels. Importantly, by blocking lactate production via inhibition of LDHA, we could reverse the promoting effect of miR-210 on self-renewal capacity, thereby emphasizing the regulatory impact of the glycolytic phenotype on colon TIC properties. Finally, by assessing expression levels in patient tissue, we could demonstrate the clinical relevance of the miR-210/ISCU signaling axis for colorectal carcinoma. Taken together, our study highlights the importance of hypoxia-induced miR-210 in the regulation of colon cancer initiation.
Six-Month Follow-Up of Immune Responses after a Rapid Mass Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 with BNT162b2 in the District of Schwaz/Austria (2022)

In response to a large outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta (B.1.351) variant in the district Schwaz, Austria, a rapid mass vaccination campaign with BNT162b2 was carried out in spring 2021, immunizing more than 70% of the adult population within one week. Subsequent analysis revealed that the mass vaccination was associated with a significant reduction in new SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to control districts. Here, we aimed to evaluate both SARS-CoV-2-specific T- and B-cell responses at 35 ± 8 and 215 ± 7 days after the second dose in 600 study subjects who participated at both time points. Overall, a robust antibody and T-cell response was measured at day 35, which waned over time. Nevertheless, all persons preserved seropositivity and T cell response could still be detected in about half of the participants at day 215. Further, antibody response correlated negatively with age; however, in persons who experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to study enrolment, the serum levels of both S- and N-specific antibodies surprisingly increased with age. In contrast, there was no correlation of T cell response with age. We could not detect any sex-related difference in the immune responses. SARS-CoV-2 infections prior to study enrolment or incident infections before day 215 resulted in higher antibody levels and T cell responses at day 215 compared to study participants with no history of infection. Collectively, our data support that vaccination with BNT162b2 against COVID-19 provides a durable immune response and emphasize the usefulness of vaccination even after a natural infection.
Cerrado por vacaciones (2000)

El mes de agosto es la mejor demostracion de que nadie es imprescindible. El Gobierno se va a la playa, los juzgados cierran y los diputados y senadores discuten en la barra de un chiringuito.
A model for dropout assessment of candidates with or without hepatocellular carcinoma on a common liver transplant waiting list (2012)

The proposed model, with the allocation of deMELD, has the potential to allow for a dynamic and combined comparison of opportunities to receive a graft for HCC and non-HCC patients on a common waiting list.
Performance evaluation and characterization of scalable data mining algorithms (2004)

Data mining has become one of the most essential tools in diverse fields. The increases in data sizes and algorithmic complexities require the computational power of chip to increase even further. In this paper, we present detailed characteristics from the hardware and software perspectives for a set of representative data mining programs. We first design MineBench, a benchmarking suite containing representative data mining applications from multiple categories including two classification, two association rule mining, and four clustering applications. We evaluate the MineBench applications on an 8-way Shared Memory Parallel (SMP) machine and analyze their important performance characteristics. During the evaluation, the input datasets and the number of processors used are varied to measure the scalability of the applications in our benchmark suite. We present the results based on characteristics such as scalability, I/O complexity, fraction of time spent in the OS mode, and communication/synchronization overheads. This information can aid designers of future systems as well as programmers of new data mining algorithms to achieve better system and algorithmic performance.
Treatment of Lentigo Maligna with Imiquimod before Staged Excision (2008)

BACKGROUND Imiquimod 5% cream has demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of lentigo maligna (LM) in several small studies. None of the studies to date have included posttreatment surgical removal to confirm negative histologic margins. OBJECTIVE The aim of this retrospective analysis was to assess the efficacy of topical imiquimod in LM by circumferentially examining vertically oriented sections from a geometrically designed “picture frame” margin as well as bread-loafed sections of the central portion after staged excisions of imiquimod-treated lesions of LM. METHODS Forty patients with biopsy-confirmed LM were treated five times a week for 3 months with 5% imiquimod cream before staged excision. Tazarotene 0.1% gel was added when no clinical signs of erythema developed with imiquimod alone after 1 month (10 patients). After the course of topical therapy, patients were assessed for clinical and complete histologic clearance after staged excision. RESULTS A total of 33 of 40 patients had a complete clinical response as determined by the absence of remaining clinical lesion on physical examination. Upon histologic review, 30 of 40 patients had no evidence of LM whereas 10 of 40 harbored residual disease. One patient was found to have histologic evidence of invasion after completing the topical protocol. After a mean follow-up of 18 months (range, 12–34 months) and after complete surgical excision of the treatment site, none of the imiquimod-treated patients had evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Imiquimod appears to be an effective adjunctive treatment for LM but does not qualify as a replacement therapy for surgery.
Hollow-core PCFs enable high nonlinearity at low light levels (2008)

The advent of photonic microcells that consist of a length of gas-filled hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber hermetically sealed to a solid conventional optical fiber enables the development of novel fiber lasers and frequency combs.
Vector Quantization Based Data Selection for Hand-Eye Calibration. (2004)

The paper presents a new vector quantization based approach for selecting well-suited data for hand-eye calibration from a given sequence of hand and eye movements. Data selection is essential if control of the movements used for calibration is not possible, especially when using continuously recorded data. The new algorithm is compared to another method for data selection as well as to the processing of subsequent movements. Experimental results on real and synthetic data sets show the superior performance of the new approach with respect to calibration errors and computation time. Real data has been obtained from an optical tracking system and a camera mounted on an endoscope, the goal being the reconstruction of medical light fields.
Acid Catalyzed Alteration of Carbosulfan (2, 3-Dihydro-2, 2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl <i>N</i>-Dibutylaminothio-<i>N</i>-methylcarbamate) via N-S Bond Cleavage (1982)

新殺虫剤カルボスルファン (2, 3-dihydro-2, 2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl N-dibutylaminothio-N-methylcarbamate) の酸性溶液中における挙動について検討した. 14C-カルボニル標識カルボスルファンを, 酢酸, ギ酸, 酪酸および1規定塩酸をそれぞれ10%含んだアセトニトリルに溶かし室温に放置したところ, カルボスルファン分子中のN-S結合が開裂し, 共通の生成物としてカルボフラン, カルボスルファンのボリスルフィド誘導体 (CFSnNBu2) およびビスカルポフラン-N, N′-ポリスルフィド (CFSnCF) が得られた. カルボスルファンのこれらの物質への変換速度は酸の強度に比例すると思われる. また, 本反応により得られた2個の主生成物, すなわちCFS2NBu2およびCFS3NBu2も, 酢酸存在下でカルボスルファンの場合と同様の諸生成物を与えたが, それらの生成速度はきわめて遅く, カルボスルファンに比して高い安定性を示した. CFS2NBu2およびCFS3NBu2の分解は一次反応で進行した.
Use of minisatellite DNA probes for recognition and characterization of relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (1988)

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms can be used to distinguish blood and marrow cells from close relatives. We used two probes that recognize a series of dispersed and highly polymorphic tandem-repetitive minisatellite regions in the human genome that can be detected via a shared 10-15 base pair core sequence similar to the generalized recombination sequence (chi) of E. coli. We have studied the resulting individual-specific DNA fingerprints in 15 patients before and after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation performed for chronic myeloid leukaemia and in two patients transplanted for acute leukaemia. Early engraftment could be demonstrated at 3 weeks post-transplant based on the recognition of cells of donor origin. One patient who failed to engraft had only recipient type marrow cells 3 months post-transplant. Nine patients who relapsed after transplantation had only cells of recipient origin. In one patient who relapsed after transplantation with T-cell depleted donor marrow, fractionation studies showed that his T-cells at relapse were of recipient origin. We conclude that these minisatellite probes are valuable for characterizing the origin of different cell populations after marrow transplantation and could be useful for characterizing relapse when donor and recipient are of the same sex.
Replication and refinement of a vaginal microbial signature of preterm birth in two racially distinct cohorts of US women (2017)

Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have suggested that the maternal vaginal microbiota contributes to the pathophysiology of PTB, but conflicting results in recent years have raised doubts. We conducted a study of PTB compared with term birth in two cohorts of pregnant women: one predominantly Caucasian (<i>n</i> = 39) at low risk for PTB, the second predominantly African American and at high-risk (<i>n</i> = 96). We profiled the taxonomic composition of 2,179 vaginal swabs collected prospectively and weekly during gestation using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Previously proposed associations between PTB and lower <i>Lactobacillus</i> and higher <i>Gardnerella</i> abundances replicated in the low-risk cohort, but not in the high-risk cohort. High-resolution bioinformatics enabled taxonomic assignment to the species and subspecies levels, revealing that <i>Lactobacillus crispatus</i> was associated with low risk of PTB in both cohorts, while <i>Lactobacillus iners</i> was not, and that a subspecies clade of <i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i> explained the genus association with PTB. Patterns of cooccurrence between <i>L. crispatus</i> and <i>Gardnerella</i> were highly exclusive, while <i>Gardnerella</i> and <i>L. iners</i> often coexisted at high frequencies. We argue that the vaginal microbiota is better represented by the quantitative frequencies of these key taxa than by classifying communities into five community state types. Our findings extend and corroborate the association between the vaginal microbiota and PTB, demonstrate the benefits of high-resolution statistical bioinformatics in clinical microbiome studies, and suggest that previous conflicting results may reflect the different risk profile of women of black race.
An adaptive multiquadric radial basis function method for expensive black-box mixed-integer nonlinear constrained optimization (2012)

Many real-world optimization problems comprise objective functions that are based on the output of one or more simulation models. As these underlying processes can be time and computation intensive, the objective function is deemed expensive to evaluate. While methods to alleviate this cost in the optimization procedure have been explored previously, less attention has been given to the treatment of expensive constraints. This article presents a methodology for treating expensive simulation-based nonlinear constraints alongside an expensive simulation-based objective function using adaptive radial basis function techniques. Specifically, a multiquadric radial basis function approximation scheme is developed, together with a robust training method, to model not only the costly objective function, but also each expensive simulation-based constraint defined in the problem. The article presents the methodology developed for expensive nonlinear constrained optimization problems comprising both continuous and integer variables. Results from various test cases, both analytical and simulation-based, are presented.
Unsupervised estimation of polynomial approximations to smooth surfaces in images or range data (1986)

An important problem in robot vision is that of very accurately segmenting a t.v. image into regions that correspond to homogeneous three-dimensional surfaces in the scene. We model an image of a homogeneous surface as a polynomial plus additive white noise. Highly accurate segmentation requires knowing the polynomials representing the image surfaces. We present a maximum likelihood estimation approach to the unsupervised learning of these polynomials. 3-D objects of interest are assumed to be composed of patches of smooth surfaces. An image of an object is decomposed into square windows, with each window assumed to view a piece of one 3-D surface and sometimes pieces of two such surfaces. The window is divided into small square blocks. The data in each block is approximated by a polynomial using least squares estimation. Those blocks recognized as viewing the same 3-D surface are clustered together, and a single polynomial is fit to the data in each cluster. The clustering chosen and the fitting of a polynomial to each cluster is done simultaneously and in such a way as to maximize the likelihood of the data. The clustering used is agglomerative clustering, where each small block is initially treated as a cluster, and clustering proceeds through a sequence of stages, with a pair of clusters merged into a larger cluster at each stage. Statistical tests for the homogeneity of data in the clusters are proposed for deciding when to stop the clustering. This maximum likelihood clustering can also be applied to polynomial model estimation for 3-D range data, and Markov Random Field model estimation for textured images.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Preparation of Terminally Differentiated, Selectively Protected Six‐Carbon Synthons from D‐Glucosamine. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and Applications of Siloxane Boronic Acids and Siloxane Boronates (2006)

Synthesis of new biocompatible siloxane surfactants, where hydrophobic siloxanes are modified by biocompatible hydrophilic functional groups (e.g., triethoxysilane (TES), polyethylene glycol (PEO), and carboxylic acid) is a research area of increasing interest. In this research project we have developed a new class of these biocompatible surfactants, based on siloxanes, as the hydrophobic part, and boronic acids as the hydrophilic part. The reasons for choosing boronic acidlboronates as a modifying agents include: their pH sensitivity, biocompatibility, possible interactions with sugars, and because of a broader general utility in synthesis. The promise of these properties combined with the hydrophobicity, flexibility and many other important features of siloxanes encouraged us to initiate these syntheses. We have explored different synthetic strategies to prepare siloxane boronic acid surfactants, including Grignard reactions and metal-catalyzed hydroboration reactions. Nevertheless, the main approach that was investigated is metal-catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions of vinylphenylboronic acid. Two different approaches were developed to prepare the target compounds: (1) metal-catalyzed hydrosilylation using non-protected vinylphenylboronic acid and (2) metal-catalyzed hydrosilylation using protected vinylphenylboronic acid that can be removed under gentle conditions. The protected compounds underwent hydrosilylation smoothly, but led after separation using column chromatography to the unprotected compounds in moderate yield. The conversion of the hydrosilylation of unprotected boronic acids was quite good, but the compounds underwent decomposition during chromatography. Thus, the two approaches are complementary, depending on whether pure molecules are required for further synthetic elaboration, or a mixture of materials is suitable for practical application as surfactants. The amphiphilic nature of these siloxane boronic acid surfactants was studied and the compounds were found to be surface active. The limited solubility of our compounds in H20 prevented us from studying their surface tension properties. However, their solubility in chloroform enabled us to study their interfacial properties.
Experiments on pollutant transport from soil into residential basements by pressure-driven airflow (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperiments on pollutant transport from soil into residential basements by pressure-driven airflowWilliam W. Nazaroff, Steven R. Lewis, Suzanne M. Doyle, Barbara A. Moed, and Anthony V. NeroCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1987, 21, 5, 459–466Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00159a006https://doi.org/10.1021/es00159a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views273Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts