gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain Iron Homeostasis: A Focus on Microglial Iron (2018)

Iron is an essential trace element required for important brain functions including oxidative metabolism, synaptic plasticity, myelination, and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. Disruptions in brain iron homeostasis underlie many neurodegenerative diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that accumulation of brain iron and chronic neuroinflammation, characterized by microglia activation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, are hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer' s disease. While substantial efforts have led to an increased understanding of iron metabolism and the role of microglial cells in neuroinflammation, important questions still remain unanswered. Whether or not increased brain iron augments the inflammatory responses of microglial cells, including the molecular cues that guide such responses, is still unclear. How these brain macrophages accumulate, store, and utilize intracellular iron to carry out their various functions under normal and disease conditions is incompletely understood. Here, we describe the known and emerging mechanisms involved in microglial cell iron transport and metabolism as well as inflammatory responses in the brain, with a focus on AD.
Efficacy of antioxidant mouthwash in the reduction of halitosis: A randomized, double blind, controlled crossover clinical trial (2020)

CHX-CPC-Zn mouthwash has a significant effect on VSC level reduction in subjects with confirmed halitosis. Besides, using AO mouthwash regularly for 2 weeks did not have any impact on improving the level of halitosis.
Gyroid Optical Metamaterials: Calculating the Effective Permittivity of Multidomain Samples (2016)

Gold gyroid optical metamaterials are known to possess a reduced plasma frequency and linear dichroism imparted by their intricate subwavelength single gyroid morphology. The anisotropic optical properties are, however, only evident when a large individual gyroid domain is investigated. Multidomain gyroid metamaterials, fabricated using a polyisoprene-<i>b</i>-polystyrene-<i>b</i>-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock terpolymer and consisting of multiple small gyroid domains with random orientation and handedness, instead exhibit isotropic optical properties. Comparing three effective medium models, we here show that the specular reflectance spectra of such multidomain gyroid optical metamaterials can be accurately modeled over a broad range of incident angles by a Bruggeman effective medium consisting of a random wire array. This model accurately reproduces previously published results tracking the variation in normal incidence reflectance spectra of gold gyroid optical metamaterials as a function of host refractive index and volume fill fraction of gold. The effective permittivity derived from this theory confirms the change in sign of the real part of the permittivity in the visible spectral region (so, that gold gyroid metamaterials exhibit both dielectric and metallic behavior at optical wavelengths). That a Bruggeman effective medium can accurately model the experimental reflectance spectra implies that small multidomain gold gyroid optical metamaterials behave both qualitatively and quantitatively as an amorphous composite of gold and air (i.e., nanoporous gold) and that coherent electromagnetic contributions arising from the subwavelength gyroid symmetry are not dominant.
Atmospheric discharge plasma in aqueous solution: Importance of the generation of water vapor bubbles for plasma onset and physicochemical evolution (2018)

Discharge plasma formed in aqueous solutions has attracted much attention for its applications in environmental purification and material syntheses. The onset and evolution of the discharge plasma in an aqueous solution and transient reactive species formed in it are successfully monitored with micrometer spatial resolution and nanosecond temporal resolution. The combination of a custom-made microscopic discharge system and a high-speed camera provides direct evidence that water vapor bubbles form before the discharge with the thermal phase transition of aqueous solution at the electrode tip. The water vapor bubbles, i.e., locally formed space in the gas phase, connect the gap between the tips of the opposed electrodes. The local gas area formed in aqueous solution plays a crucial role in the ignition and continuance of the discharge plasma. It is also found that the initially formed plasma lasts for under 100 ns and quenches rapidly. However, plasma regenerates in the water vapor bubble and successively bridges the opposing electrodes during the pulsed-voltage application (ca. 1 μs). These two temporally distinct generations of plasma, i.e., the initial plasma (IP) and the following successive plasma (SP), can be seen to correspond to the dielectric breakdown and glow-like plasma, respectively. These results provide an important picture for the proposed mechanism for plasma evolution in water and also important information for the efficient control of the discharge plasma with its applications in waste-water treatments, nanomaterial syntheses with plasma oxidation–reduction reactions, and the chemical modification of the material surfaces in aqueous solutions as a form of “green chemistry.”
CD8+ Resident Memory T Cells and Viral Infection (2018)

Tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells are a subset of recently identified memory T cells that mainly reside and serve as sentinels in non-lymphoid peripheral tissues. Unlike the well-characterized circulating central memory T (Tcm) cells and effector memory T (Tem) cells, Trm cells persist in the tissues, do not recirculate into blood, and offer immediate protection against pathogens upon reinfection. In this review, we focus on CD8<sup>+</sup> Trm cells and briefly introduce their characteristics, development, maintenance, and function during viral infection. We also discuss some unresolved problems, such as how CD8<sup>+</sup> Trm cells adapt to the local tissue microenvironment, how Trm cells interact with other immune cells during their development and maintenance, and the mechanisms by which CD8<sup>+</sup> Trm cells confer immune protection. We believe that a better understanding of these problems is of great clinical and therapeutic value and may contribute to more effective vaccination and treatments against viral infection.
Weighing the Hazards of Erythropoiesis Stimulation in Patients with Cancer (2007)

Interview with James Doroshow on the possible risks associated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. (06:49)Download On May 10, 2007, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) convened a meeting of its Oncology Drug Advisory Committee to discuss concerns about risks associated with the erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) used to treat anemia caused by chemotherapy. The principal ESAs under scrutiny were epoetin alfa (Procrit, Eprex, and Epogen) and darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp), and the risks — actual or potential — were thromboembolic disease, promotion of tumor growth, and decreased survival. The actual risk of thromboembolic events was shown in two phase 3 clinical trials, reported in the Journal in 2006, that unequivocally showed an increased risk of death or . . .
Evaluation of Raw Materials for HYL Direct Reduction Operations (1979)

Based on information derived from the HYL Ore Testing Pilot Plant, a discussion is given of the characteristics of several different ores and their effect on HYL plant operations. Résumé A partir de résultats obtenus dans une usine pilote HYL de traitement des minerais, on discute des charactéristiques de divers minerais, ainsi que de leur impact sur le fonctionnement du processus HYL.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVE ADDITION OF GRIGNARD REAGENTS TO THE 1‐PHENOXYCARBONYL SALTS OF ALKYL NICOTINATES (1984)

Abstract Die N‐Phenoxycarbonylimonium‐Salze von Nicotinsäureestern, z.B. (I), reagieren mit Grignard‐Verbindungen (II) zu Dihydropyridin‐Derivaten, die zu den entsprechend substituierten Nicotinsäureestern (III) und (IV) oxidiert werden.
Modeling and Simulation of Shock and Drop Loading for Complex Portable Electronic Systems (2009)

The dynamic response of electronic assemblies to drop and shock conditions is investigated through tests and simulation. The portable electronic product tested in this study consists of a circuit card assembly and a battery pack supported in a two-piece plastic housing with a separate battery compartment. Dynamic loading, consisting of various shock profiles, is applied using an electrodynamic shaker. A number of drop tests are also conducted on a drop tower. Fourier Transform technique (FFT) is utilized to analyze the dynamic response of the PWB and the plastic housing in the frequency domain. The loading events are modeled in ABAQUS™ [11]. Flexural strains and accelerations are compared to assess the agreement between the model results obtained here and the experimental results [10]. The long-term goal of this study is to demonstrate a systematic computational capability to predict the dynamic response and failure modes expected due to drop loading, during the design phase of future products.
New architectures for smart cards: the OCEAN approach (1994)

There are today many and important reasons for giving future smart card generation new processors. This requirement is the result of more sophisticated applications that have to respect specific constraints such as response time and memory capacities. In a smart card, hardware and software are closely interdependent because the code is stored in a ROM at the production level. Thus, both hardware and software must be realized in a unique design process. OCEAN project (Outils de Conception et d'Evalution d'Architectures Nouvelles) has been proposed to respond to that constraint. It brings the possibility to obtain a global evaluation of the chip and its embedded software. The project comprises the OCEAN hardware description language, a specific C compiler to produce the application, a generic translator and an evaluation tool. OCEAN is a part of the ESPRlT CASCADE project. >
Perphenazine–fumaric acid salts with improved solubility: preparation, physico-chemical characterization and in vitro dissolution (2012)

New compounds of perphenazine and fumaric acid in 2 : 1 and 1 : 2 molar ratios have been prepared by solvent evaporation with the aim of increasing the drug solubility. Their physico-chemical properties were thoroughly characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. In addition, the crystal structure of the 2 : 1 salt was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The pharmaceutical characterization included solubility and dissolution studies in comparison with the commercial product Trilafon®. Perphenazine solubility is strongly pH-dependent: the binary systems show improved solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate compared with perphenazine, but only the capsule formulation containing the 1 : 2 dihydrate sample shows a quick and complete dissolution behaviour at neutral pH. This sample could represent an interesting perphenazine formulation to improve drug bioavailability and perhaps reduce in vivo variability even when the gastric fluid pH is increased by the presence of food.
Impact of Genetic Disorders in the Surgical Management of Congenital Heart Disease (2023)

The congenital heart surgeon frequently encounters patients with various genetic disorders requiring surgical intervention. Although the specifics of the genetics for these patients and their families lie in the purview of specialists in genetics, the surgeon is well-served to be familiar with aspects of specific syndromes that impact surgical management and perioperative care. This aids in counseling families in expectations for the hospital course and recovery as well as can impact intraoperative and surgical management. This review article summarizes key characteristics for the congenital heart surgeon to be familiar with for common genetic disorders as they help coordinate care.
Trajectory Modeling of the Middle Atmosphere (2021)

A short description and some applications of the trajectory and dispersion models developed in Central Aerological Observatory (CAO) for studying the stratospheric and tropospheric transport of pollutants are presented. The TRACAO trajectory model is applied to investigate the processes related to the ozone depletion in the winter polar stratosphere, in order to study the mid-latitude stratosphere–troposphere exchange, as well as to analyze balloon and aircraft (M55 “Geophysics,” Yak-42D “Roshydromet”) observations. Then based on the TRACAO, the GLADIM dispersion model that simulates trajectories of the set of particles with the eddy diffusion parameterization and determines the pollutant concentration at the regular grid points, was developed. The dispersion model was applied to simulate volcanic ash dispersion and carbon dioxide profile reconstruction. The model validation was done by comparisons with the results of the widely used FLEXPART model. Nowadays these models are used at the “Middle Atmosphere” Regional Information and Analytic Center established in CAO.
Implications of the Wilms’ Tumor Suppressor Wt1 in Cardiomyocyte Differentiation (2021)

The Wilms' tumor suppressor Wt1 is involved in multiple developmental processes and adult tissue homeostasis. The first phenotypes recognized in Wt1 knockout mice were developmental cardiac and kidney defects. Wt1 expression in the heart has been described in epicardial, endothelial, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. Expression of Wt1 in cardiomyocytes has been suggested but remained a controversial issue, as well as the role of Wt1 in cardiomyocyte development and regeneration after injury. We determined cardiac Wt1 expression during embryonic development, in the adult, and after cardiac injury by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. As in vitro model, phenotypic cardiomyocyte differentiation, i.e., the appearance of rhythmically beating clones from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and associated changes in gene expression were analyzed. We detected Wt1 in cardiomyocytes from embryonic day (E10.5), the first time point investigated, until adult age. Cardiac Wt1 mRNA levels decreased during embryonic development. In the adult, Wt1 was reactivated in cardiomyocytes 48 h and 3 weeks following myocardial infarction. Wt1 mRNA levels were increased in differentiating mESCs. Overexpression of Wt1(-KTS) and Wt1(+KTS) isoforms in ES cells reduced the fraction of phenotypically cardiomyocyte differentiated clones, which was preceded by a temporary increase in c-kit expression in Wt1(-KTS) transfected ES cell clones and induction of some cardiomyocyte markers. Taken together, Wt1 shows a dynamic expression pattern during cardiomyocyte differentiation and overexpression in ES cells reduces their phenotypical cardiomyocyte differentiation.
Parameter Optimisation for Location Extraction and Prediction Applications (2015)

The pervasive nature of location-aware hardware has provided an unprecedented foundation for understanding human behaviour. With a record of historic movement, in the form of geospatial trajectories, extracting locations meaningful to users is commonly performed as a basis for modelling a users' interactions with their environment. Existing literature, however, has scarcely considered the applicability of extracted locations, typically focusing solely on the consequent knowledge acquisition process employed, due to the difficulty of evaluating the output of such unsupervised learning techniques. Towards the goal of ensuring the representativeness of extracted locations, and using location prediction as an example knowledge acquisition process, this work provides a method of automated parameter selection for both location extraction and prediction that ensures both the applicability of the locations extracted and the utility of the predictions performed. Specifically, we: (i) provide a metric for the evaluation of both extracted locations and predictions that characterises the goal of each of these tasks, (ii) frame the process of parameter selection as that of mathematical optimisation through the presented metric, and (iii) discuss characteristics of the metric while demonstrating its applicability over real-world data, location extraction algorithms and prediction techniques.
The need for speed (2012)

Development of dielectric elastomer actuators has been mainly targeted towards achieving giant static strain with little attention paid to their response speed, which can, depending on materials used, be as long as tens of seconds. However, most of the practical applications require actuators capable of changing shape quickly, therefore a careful choice of materials and technologies for the dielectric and electrodes must be made. Test oscillating actuators, made with a range of silicone membranes with different hardness were tested, and the compliant electrodes were made with different technologies: carbon powder, carbon grease, conductive rubber and metal ion implantation. The transient response of the actuators to a step input was measured with a high speed camera at 5000 frames per seconds for the different combinations of membrane material and electrodes. The results show that the dynamic response of the actuators is extremely dependent on the membrane material, as expected, but also on the compliant electrodes, whose impact cannot be neglected.
Expression of c-erbB-2 in in situ and in Adjacent Invasive Ductal Adenocarcinomas of the Female (1992)

Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that expression of the c-erbB-2 gene product contributes to the malignant phenotype. We and others have determined that c-erbB-2 is substantially expressed in most ductal in situ carcinomas of the comedo type, but not in other patterns of ductal carcinoma in situ or in atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast. In the present investigation, by immunohistochemistry we inquired whether invasive ductal adenocarcinomas retained the c-erbB-2 expression status of the in situ carcinomas from which they derived. Of twelve specimens containing both cribriform/micropapillary in situ and derivative invasive adenocarcinomas in the same section, all tumor cells were negative for c-erbB-2 expression. In thirteen in situ carcinomas of the comedo type, with identifiable invasive components, ten had definite c-erbB-2 expression, and in every case there was comparable c-erbB-2 protein staining of in situ and invasive components; in three of these ten cases the staining in the in situ component tended to be more intense. These findings imply that a significant proportion of invasive mammary adenocarcinomas expressing c-erbB-2 protein is derived from ductal in situ carcinomas of the comedo type.
Sketching as a solid modeling tool (1995)

This paper describes'Quick-sketch', a 2d and 3d modeling tool for pen based computers.Users of this system define a model by simple pen strokes drawn directly on the screen of a pen-based PC.Lines, circles, arcs, or B-spline curves are automatically distinguished, and interpreted from these strokes.The system also automatically determines relations, such as right angles, tangencies, symmetry, and parallelism, from the sketch input, These relationships are then used to clean up the drawing by making the approximate relationships exact.Constraints are established to maintain the relationships in further editing.A constraint maintenance system, which is based on gestural manipulation and soft constraints, is employed in this system.Several techniques for sketch based definitions of solid objects are provided as well, including extrusion, surface of revolution, ruled surfaces and sweep.Feat ures can be sketched on the surfaces of 3d objects, using the same 2d-and 3d techniques.This way, objects of medium complexity can be sketched in seconds.The system can be used as a front-end to more sophisticated modeling, rendering or animation environments, serving as a hand sketching tool in the preliminary design phase.
REVIEW OF PREDICTION MARKET RESEARCH: GUIDELINES FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH (2008)

This paper presents an analysis of prediction market (PM) research relevant to information systems. Prediction markets are (online) markets are usually not traded on existing exchanges but on future events. As an emerging research area, prediction markets have received considerable attention from several disciplines, including economics, politics, marketing, computer science, electronic commerce and etc. In information systems research, however, they have been largely ignored. This study reviewed 93 academic articles concerning prediction markets. The analysis reveals that an increasing volume of PM research has been conducted, and that research themes of these studies can be categorized into three groups, namely general introduction, theoretical work, and PM applications. Building upon this work, we argue for the importance of future prediction market research and suggest potential research targets for IS researchers.
Extracorporeal Treatment for Septic Patients: New Adsorption Technologies and Their Clinical Application (2002)

Many kinds of blood purifying technologies have been applied to the treatment of critically ill patients since 1979 when plasma exchange with hollow fiber membranes was developed. These technologies have been applied not only to the removal of toxic substances, but also to the treatment of objective diseases and the removal of the factors relating to the associated inflammation. This article briefly summarizes these methods and their efficacies for critically ill patients, especially those with severe sepsis. Attempts have been made to remove endotoxin, the main cause of sepsis from the circulation, using polymyxin B-immobilized fiber, charcoal hemoperfusion, and plasma or whole blood exchange. Attempts have also been made to remove proinflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids, and coagulative factors from the circulation in the human body. Continuous hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration is representative technology. The efficacy of these methods has been established, but several issues remain unresolved. All methods of the treatment of severe sepsis are discussed with reference to treatment indications, efficacy, and outcome parameters. In particular, the clinical results of endotoxin removal with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber are summarized in this article.
Contact-lens type of micromachined hydrogenated amorphous Si fluorescence detector coupled with microfluidic electrophoresis devices (2006)

A 5.8-μm-thick SiO2∕Ta2O5 multilayer optical interference filter was monolithically integrated and micromachined on a hydrogenated amorphous Si (a-Si:H) pin photodiode to form a fluorescence detector. A microfluidic electrophoresis device was mounted on a detection platform comprising a fluorescence-collecting half-ball lens and the micromachined fluorescence detector. The central aperture of the fluorescence detector allows semiconductor laser light to pass up through the detector and to irradiate an electrophoretic separation channel. The limit of detection is as low as 7nM of the fluorescein solution, and high-speed DNA fragment sizing can be achieved with high separation efficiency. The micromachined a-Si:H fluorescence detector exhibits high sensitivity for practical fluorescent labeling dyes as well as integration flexibility on various substances, making it ideal for application to portable microfluidic bioanalysis devices.