gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow Simulation in Three-Dimensional Discrete Fracture Networks (2009)

In fractured rocks, fluid flows mostly within a complex arrangement of fractures. Both the fracture network structure and its hydraulic properties are determined at first order by the broad range of fracture lengths and densities. To handle the observed wide variety of fracture properties and the lack of direct fracture visualization, we develop a general and efficient stochastic numerical model for discrete fracture networks (DFNs) in a three-dimensional (3D) computational domain. We present an original conforming mesh generation method addressing the penalizing configurations stemming from close fractures and acute angles between fracture intersections. Flows are subsequently computed by using a mixed hybrid finite element (MHFE) method. The lack of direct fracture knowledge is treated by Monte-Carlo simulations requiring simulations with a large number of networks with various characteristics. We analyze the complexity in size and in time for the computation of flow in 3D DFNs meshed with our method and compare with the complexities for 2D rectangular domains meshed with a regular grid. We find out that complexity in size is similar whereas complexity in time is slightly larger for DFNs than for 2D regular domains.
Crystallization behavior of fully biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) blends (2009)

Abstract Both poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate‐ co ‐terephthalate) (PBAT) are fully biodegradable polyesters. The disadvantages of poor mechanical properties of PLA limit its wide application. Fully biodegradable polymer blends were prepared by blending PLA with PBAT. Crystallization behavior of neat and blended PLA was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). Experiment results indicated that in comparison with neat PLA, the degree of crystallinity of PLA in various blends all markedly was increased, and the crystallization mechanism almost did not change. The equilibrium melting point of PLA initially decreased with the increase of PBAT content and then increased when PBAT content in the blends was 60 wt % compared to neat PLA. In the case of the isothermal crystallization of neat PLA and its blends at the temperature range of 123–142°C, neat PLA and its blends exhibited bell shape curves for the growth rates, and the maximum crystallization rate of neat PLA and its blends all depended on crystallization temperature and their component. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Band-Edge Work Function Obtained by Plasma Doping TiN Metal Gate for nMOS Device Application (2018)

This paper proposed, for the first time, that the band-edge effective work functions (EWFs) are achieved by employing PH3 plasma doping (PLAD) TiN metal gate for nMOS device application under replacement metal gate and high dielectric constant (k) dielectric/metal gate last nMOS device. The effects of PLAD energy, dose, gas mixture, and postdoping cleaning procedure on the EWF, EOT, and properties of TiN/HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /ILSiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gate-stack are investigated; the corresponding possible mechanisms are discussed. Suitable low threshold voltages of nMOSFETs are obtained, while shrinking the EOT. It reduces the corner effect on trench gate doping uniformity, which is induced by shadowing effect in the beam-line implantation technology, to a minimum. It has the potential for the further aggressively scaled 3-D CMOS device and beyond application.
<title>Thermal Measurements And Control Of A Lightweight Mirror</title> (1983)

For ground-based large diameter lightweight Pyrex mirrors, internal ventilation is a necessity in order to minimize the thermal distortions. However, the demand on the ventilation system does not appear to be significant. Measurement on a sample blank showed significant effects on the blank's thermal time constant and temperature distribution. Compared with the unventilated case, a mild air flow (17 feet per minute) reduces the thermal time constant from 3 hours to 1 hour. A similar kind of flow (21 feet per minute) reduces the internal temperature difference from 2.4°C to 0.3°C, as well as reduces the temperature difference between the blank and the ambient air from 3.2°C to 0.5°C.
Development of flexible microelectrode arrays for recording cortical surface field potentials (2008)

The fabrication, characterization and application of an 8-channel flexible microelectrode array for recording cortical surface field potentials is described. Polyimide-based microelectrode arrays were fabricated by using photolithography and physical vapour deposition (PVD) methods. Polyimide was chosen as the substrate and insulation material due to its suitable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Electrodes and transmission lines were formed by sputter-coating of platinum thin films. Microelectrode arrays were characterized and tested successfully in vitro by impedance spectroscopy and in vivo by somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recordings in rats. These tests indicated good performance and the potential of microelectrode arrays.
Highly proton conductive nanoporous coordination polymers with sulfonic acid groups on the pore surface (2013)

Three new sulfonated porous coordination polymers (PCPs)/metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been synthesized using solvothermal methods. These PCPs possess porous structures with non-coordinating sulfonic acid groups or sulfonate with dimethyl ammonium cations and exhibit high proton conductivity at a low humidity of 60% RH (relative humidity) at ambient temperature.
Facilitated transport of melphalan at the rat blood-brain barrier by the large neutral amino acid carrier system. (1987)

Melphalan has been reported to be actively transported into tumor cells by two amino acid carrier systems. As amino acids are transported across cerebral capillaries by a facilitated mechanism, studies were undertaken to assess whether or not melphalan was transported similarly, and additionally to determine melphalan's plasma and brain pharmacokinetics. The brain uptake of [14C]melphalan was measured by an in situ brain perfusion technique in the anesthetized rat utilizing [14C]-melphalan. The cerebrovascular permeability-surface area product of [14C]melphalan was calculated at cold melphalan concentrations from O to 16.3 mumol/ml. The permeability-surface area product was concentration dependent and decreased from 10.8 +/- 0.6 (+/- SE) X 10(-4)S-1 at 0.02 mumol/ml melphalan to 5.4 +/- 0.3 X 10(-4)S-1 at 16.3 mumol/ml. The system became saturated at a concentration in excess of 0.1 mumol/ml. The Michaelis-Menten parameters Vmax and Km, determined by nonlinear regression analysis of the permeability-surface area product data, equaled 0.9 +/- 0.3 X 10(-4) mumol/s/g and 0.15 +/- 0.06 mumol/ml, respectively, for the saturable component of melphalan's brain uptake. The Kd of the nonsaturable component was 5.3 +/- 0.03 X 10(-4)S-1. Addition of the amino acid 1-phenylalanine to the brain perfusate inhibited the saturable component of melphalan's brain uptake. The analysis of the plasma and brain concentrations of melphalan by high-performance liquid chromatography, following i.v. melphalan administration, demonstrated that approximately 15% of the drug that was present in plasma entered the brain. These data suggest that the brain uptake of melphalan is facilitated, demonstrating concentration-dependent uptake, saturation, and inhibition, and that melphalan shares the large neutral amino acid carrier system at the blood-brain barrier.
Pseudo-interactive monitoring in distributed computing (2010)

Distributed computing, and in particular Grid computing, enables physicists to use thousands of CPU days worth of computing every day, by submitting thousands of compute jobs. Unfortunately, a small fraction of such jobs regularly fail; the reasons vary from disk and network problems to bugs in the user code. A subset of these failures result in jobs being stuck for long periods of time. In order to debug such failures, interactive monitoring is highly desirable; users need to browse through the job log files and check the status of the running processes. Batch systems typically don't provide such services; at best, users get job logs at job termination, and even this may not be possible if the job is stuck in an infinite loop. In this paper we present a novel approach of using regular batch system capabilities of Condor to enable users to access the logs and processes of any running job. This does not provide true interactive access, so commands like vi are not viable, but it does allow operations like ls, cat, top, ps, lsof, netstat and dumping the stack of any process owned by the user; we call this pseudo-interactive monitoring. It is worth noting that the same method can be used to monitor Grid jobs in a glidein-based environment. We further believe that the same mechanism could be applied to many other batch systems.
Modeling of Cutting Forces During Machining (2007)

Summary Machine tools are mechatronic systems. In a machining operation, the cutting forces determine the proper performance of the machine and the quality of the product. It is costly and time consuming to investigate the machining mechanism by carrying out experiments, especially for machining processes of costly work materials and advanced cutting tools. Modeling and simulation of a machining process can help predict process variables, which can lead to better control and improved performance, productivity, and product quality. Oxley’s comprehensive predictive machining theory has been used to predict the cutting forces, flow stress, and cutting temperature. His model assumes that the tool is perfectly sharp and the normal stress distributes uniformly at the tool—chip interface. These assumptions are not practical, particularly for high-speed machining. In this chapter, a new model is developed to predict cutting forces based on Oxley’s theory, but without such assumptions. In the proposed model, the machining process is simulated with the finite element method (FEM) and the constitutive flow stress model. From the simulation results, the shear stress, the shear angle, and the strain rate constant can be estimated, which are then used to predict the cutting forces. Experiments have shown that the model can predict the cutting forces with good accuracy.
Isolating cause-effect chains from computer programs (2002)

Consider the execution of a failing program as a sequence of program states. Each state induces the following state, up to the failure. Which variables and values of a program state are relevant for the failure? We show how the Delta Debugging algorithm isolates the relevant variables and values by systematically narrowing the state difference between a passing run and a failing run---by assessing the outcome of altered executions to determine wether a change in the program state makes a difference in the test outcome. Applying Delta Debugging to multiple states of the program automatically reveals the cause-effect chain of the failure---that is, the variables and values that caused the failure.In a case study, our prototype implementation successfully isolated the cause-effect chain for a failure of the GNU C compiler: "Initially, the C program to be compiled contained an addition of 1.0; this caused an addition operator in the intermediate RTL representation; this caused a cycle in the RTL tree---and this caused the compiler to crash."
Infrared fluorescence study on the threshold of intramolecular vibrational state mixing (1987)

We have performed an infrared fluorescence study on the intramolecular vibrational relaxation (IVR) from C–H stretch fundamentals in isolated ground state polyatomic molecules. It was found that a density of about 70 combined rotational–vibrational states of a common J and symmetry species per cm−1 is needed to ensure that complex state mixing and IVR occur, although we observed a substantial range of couplings for initial states of the same molecule at higher state densities above the threshold. Propynal was studied as an example of a molecule with a low state density. Fluorescence from propynal shows that although there is substantial state mixing, it is best described as a complicated case of Fermi resonance and Coriolis coupling, as in smaller molecules rather than the multistate mixing seen in larger ones. Infrared fluorescence from terminal C–H stretches of some acetylene derivatives was also measured; these show a slight difference in the extent of IVR from other C–H stretches. Molecules were cooled and isolated in supersonic molecular beams and excited in the C–H stretch region with an optical parametric oscillator. Fluorescence spectra were recorded with either a circular variable filter machine or a cryogenic Michelson interferometer.
High Temperature Aerogels for Thermal Protection Systems (2008)

High temperature aerogels in the Al2O3-SiO2 system are being investigated as possible constituents for lightweight integrated thermal protection system (TPS) designs for use in supersonic and hypersonic applications. Gels are synthesized from ethoxysilanes and AlCl3.6H2O, using an epoxide catalyst. The influence of Al:Si ratio, solvent, water to metal and water to alcohol ratios on aerogel composition, morphology, surface area, and pore size distribution were examined, and phase transformation on heat treatment characterized. Aerogels have been fabricated which maintain porous, fractal structures after brief exposures to 1000 C. Incorporation of nanofibers, infiltration of aerogels into SiC foams, use of polymers for crosslinking the aerogels, or combinations of these, offer potential for toughening and integration of TPS with composite structure. Woven fabric composites having Al2O3-SiO2 aerogels as a matrix also have been fabricated. Continuing work is focused on reduction in shrinkage and optimization of thermal and physical properties.
Network reconfiguration for service restoration in shipboard power distribution systems (2001)

The electric power systems of US Navy ships supply energy to sophisticated systems for weapons, communications, navigation and operation. Circuit breakers (CBs) and fuses are provided at different locations for isolation of faulted loads, generators or distribution system from unfaulted portions of the system. These faults could be due to widespread system fault resulting from battle damage or material casualties of individual loads or cables. After the faults and subsequent isolation of the faults, there will be unfaulted sections that are left without supply. Fast restoration of supply to these unfaulted sections of the SPS is necessary for system survivability, This paper presents a new method to reconfigure the network to restore service to unfaulted sections of the system. The problem is formulated as a variation of fixed charge network flow problem. The method is illustrated using various case studies on a small power system with similar topology to a shipboard power system.
Differential suppression by protease inhibitors and cytokines of apoptosis induced by wild-type p53 and cytotoxic agents. (1996)

Apoptosis induced in myeloid leukemic cells by wild-type p53 was suppressed by different cleavage-site directed protease inhibitors, which inhibit interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme-like, granzyme B and cathepsins B and L proteases. Apoptosis was also suppressed by the serine and cysteine protease inhibitor N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethylketone (TPCK) [corrected], but not by other serine or cysteine protease inhibitors including N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethylketone (TLCK), E64, pepstatin A, or chymostatin. Protease inhibitors suppressed induction of apoptosis by gamma-irradiation and cycloheximide but not by doxorubicin, vincristine, or withdrawal of interleukin 3 from interleukin 3-dependent 32D non-malignant myeloid cells. Induction of apoptosis in normal thymocytes by gamma-irradiation or dexamethasone was also suppressed by the cleavage-site directed protease inhibitors, but in contrast to the myeloid leukemic cells apoptosis in thymocytes was suppressed by TLCK but not by TPCK. The results indicate that (i) inhibitors of interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme-like proteases and some other protease inhibitors suppressed induction of apoptosis by wild-type p53 and certain p53-independent pathways of apoptosis; (ii) the protease inhibitors together with the cytokines interleukin 6 and interferon-gamma or the antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole gave a cooperative protection against apoptosis; (iii) these protease inhibitors did not suppress induction of apoptosis by some cytotoxic agents or by viability-factor withdrawal from 32D cells, whereas these pathways of apoptosis were suppressed by cytokines; (iv) there are cell type differences in the proteases involved in apoptosis; and (v) there are multiple pathways leading to apoptosis that can be selectively induced and suppressed by different agents.
Optical waveguides produced in LiF by MeV ion beam bombardment (2002)

In this letter, the development of a simple method, based on high-energy light-ion beam irradiation, to create active waveguides in alkali halide materials is reported. A 1.1 MeV He+ beam at normal incidence was used to irradiate lithium fluoride crystals, with different ion doses varying from 1×1012 up to 6×1015 cm−2, producing thin colored strips. All strips showed several guided modes, confirming the effectiveness of this technique to create the conditions to allow guided propagation. Values of 1.5 dB/cm were found for the propagation losses.
Improved method for peak picking in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2004)

A method for peak picking for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) is described. The method is based on the assumption that two sets of ions are formed during the ionization stage, which have Gaussian distributions but different velocity profiles. This gives rise to a certain degree of peak skewness. Our algorithm deconvolutes the peak and utilizes the fast velocity, bulk ion distribution for peak picking. Evaluation of the performance of the new method was conducted using peptide peaks from a bovine serum albumin (BSA) digest, and compared with the commercial peak-picking algorithms Centroid and SNAP. When using the new two-Gaussian algorithm, for strong signals the mass accuracy was equal to or marginally better than the results obtained from the commercial algorithms. However, for weak, distorted peaks, considerable improvement in both mass accuracy and precision was obtained. This improvement should be particularly useful in proteomics, where a lack of signal strength is often encountered when dealing with weakly expressed proteins. Finally, since the new peak-picking method uses information from the entire signal, no adjustments of parameters related to peak height have to be made, which simplifies its practical use.
Select thy neighbors: Low complexity link selection for high precision cooperative vehicular localization (2015)

One major challenge of relying on Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC)-equipped vehicles for high precision cooperative localization is related to the high computational complexity and heavy communication loads of exhaustively considering links to all neighbors regardless of their quality. This paper addresses the problem of selecting the best subset of links to spatial neighbors, considering varying degradation first from GPS conditions and second from GPS positioning capabilities. We formulate a computationally efficient particle filter-based link selection algorithms based on Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) indicators accounting for neighbors uncertainties. We show that selective fusion significantly reduces the computational complexity and required network traffic with a modest increase in the position error in most cases and an acceptable degradation in the worst-case long-term GPS-denied condition or under severe neighbor positions uncertainties.
Potassium-regulated Immobilization of Cortisol Aptamer for Field-effect Transistor Biosensor to Detect Changes in Charge Distribution with Aptamer Transformation (2021)

Salivary cortisol concentration and its circadian variation were detected by optimizing the ionic concentration of a solution during the immobilization of aptamers on a field-effect transistor biosensor. This was achieved by modifying our previously developed technique of detecting uncharged cortisol using the transformation of negatively charged aptamers by controlling the aptamer spacing. This spacing control was achieved by synthesizing pseudo-cortisol-binding aptamers with a guanine-quadruplex during the immobilization of the aptamers in a highly concentrated solution of K+. To detect uncharged cortisol, FETs were prepared by immobilizing a cortisol aptamer that contracts to form a guanine-quadruplex (G4). While simple immobilization reduces sensitivity due to steric hindrance during detection (top), high concentrations of K+ optimized the immobilization conditions of the pseudo-cortisol-bound aptamer upon G4 formation (bottom), allowing measurement of saliva samples.
Illuminating (White and) Purple Patches (2019)

When asked to select content from The Plant Cell with extraordinary impact in the field of epigenetic plant research, the choice was quick and easy: two articles on “co-suppression” from the April 1990 issue ([ Napoli et al., 1990 ][1]; [ van der Krol et al., 1990 ][2]). As a postdoc, I read
Vorbereitende Radio-Interferenz-Messungen vom 17. - 18. September 2008 für eine SMOS-Flug-Kampagne (2008)

Messungen von Radiointerferenzen bei Fürstenfeldbruck im Frequenzbereich 1300-2000 MHz für eine SMOS Flug-Kampagne.
What is the importance of classifyingAspergillusdisease in cystic fibrosis patients? (2014)

Aspergillus species are commonly isolated from lower respiratory tract samples of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and markers of immunological sensation to Aspergillus are frequently encountered in this group of patients; however, the contribution of Aspergillus to CF lung disease outside of the typical complications of ABPA and aspergilloma formation remains largely unclear. Patients with CF show discretely different responses to Aspergillus, though the underlying reasons for this variation are unknown. Recent work has begun to allow us to categorize patient responses to Aspergillus based upon molecular markers of infection and immune sensitization. Aspergillus sensitization and/or airway infection is associated with worse FEV1, in CF and other patients (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis). Classification of different clinical phenotypes of Aspergillus will enable future studies to determine the natural history of different manifestations of Aspergillus disease and evaluate the effects of intervention with antifungal therapy.