gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D Printing of Personalized Artificial Bone Scaffolds (2015)

Additive manufacturing technologies, including three-dimensional printing (3DP), have unlocked new possibilities for bone tissue engineering. Long-term regeneration of normal anatomic structure, shape, and function is clinically important subsequent to bone trauma, tumor, infection, nonunion after fracture, or congenital abnormality. Due to the great complexity in structure and properties of bone across the population, along with variation in the type of injury or defect, currently available treatments for larger bone defects that support load often fail in replicating the anatomic shape and structure of the lost bone tissue. 3DP could provide the ability to print bone substitute materials with a controlled chemistry, shape, porosity, and topography, thus allowing printing of personalized bone grafts customized to the patient and the specific clinical condition. 3DP and related fabrication approaches of bone grafts may one day revolutionize the way clinicians currently treat bone defects. This article gives a brief overview of the current advances in 3DP and existing materials with an emphasis on ceramics used for 3DP of bone scaffolds. Furthermore, it addresses some of the current limitations of this technique and discusses potential future directions and strategies for improving fabrication of personalized artificial bone constructs.
Anisotropic motional averaging in a constrained polymer chain (1976)

The NMR linewidth of Kel–F fibers is unusual in that the component assigned to the amorphous regions of this semicrystalline polymer exhibits anisotropy as a function of fiber orientation with respect to applied magnetic field at temperatures near 140 °C. This feature is attributed to anisotropy in the motion of folds on lamellar surfaces. A model based upon a wormlike chain, with ends constrained to a plane surface, adequately describes the experimental observations.
Planar Vortex Beam Generator for Circularly Polarized Incidence Based on FSS (2019)

In this article, a new technique to design a low-profile planar vortex beam generator is proposed based on microwave frequency selective surface (FSS), which is capable of generating orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode under circularly polarized incidence. Such OAM generator is composed of transmissive units distributed over a planar surface. Each unit cell, behaving as a spatial phase shifter, is composed of a stack of patches and grids separated by thin dielectric substrates. In order to reduce the thickness of the device, a rectangular patch is embedded in the middle layer to introduce an additional resonance. Compared to other resonant unit cells, this structure presents nearly perfect efficiency to convert circularly polarized incident wave to its cross-polarized component. A simple equivalent circuit model, composed of transmission lines coupled together with shunt capacitors and inductors, is presented to analyze this structure. The prototype of the proposed planar OAM generator operating in x-band is designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. Good agreement is achieved between full-wave simulations and measurements. It is demonstrated that the generator can achieve an efficiency of 85% at 10.7 GHz with an overall thickness of 0.067λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> .
Cyclin D1 Determines Estrogen Signaling in the Mammary Gland In Vivo (2013)

The CCND1 gene, which is frequently overexpressed in cancers, encodes the regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein. Although it is known that cyclin D1 regulates estrogen receptor (ER)α transactivation using heterologous reporter systems, the in vivo biological significance of cyclin D1 to estrogen-dependent signaling, and the molecular mechanisms by which cyclin D1 is involved, are yet to be elucidated. Herein, genome-wide expression profiling conducted of 17β-estradiol-treated castrated virgin mice deleted of the Ccnd1 gene demonstrated that cyclin D1 determines estrogen-dependent gene expression for 88% of estrogen-responsive genes in vivo. In addition, expression profiling of 17β-estradiol-stimulated cyclin D1 small interfering RNA treated MCF7 cells shows cyclin D1 is required for estrogen-mediated gene expression in vitro. Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation-Seq analysis revealed a cyclin D1-DNA bound form associated with genes that were regulated by estrogen in a cyclin D1-dependent manner. The cyclin D1-dependent estrogen signaling pathways identified in vivo were highly enriched for extracellular membrane-associated growth factor receptors (epidermal growth factor receptor, ErbB3, and EphB3) and their ligands (amphiregulin, encoded by AREG gene), and matrix metalloproteinase. The AREG protein, a pivotal ligand for epidermal growth factor receptors to promote cellular proliferation, was induced by cyclin D1 via the AREG promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated the recruitment of cyclin D1 to the breast cancer 1 (Brca1)/ERα binding site of the Areg gene. Cyclin D1 genetic deletion demonstrated the in vivo requirement for cyclin D1 in assembling the estrogen-dependent amplified in breast cancer 1-associated multiprotein complex. The current studies define a requirement for cyclin D1 in estrogen-dependent signaling modules governing growth factor receptor and ligand expression in vivo and reveal a noncanonical function of cyclin D1 at ERα target gene promoters. Cyclin D1 mediates the convergence of ERα and growth factor signaling at a common cis-element of growth factor genes.
Retained Sacral Function in Children with High Level Myelodysplasia (1995)

To assess the preservation of sacral function despite denervation higher on the spinal cord in children with myelodysplasia, we examined 151 myelomeningocele patients presenting for urodynamic evaluation from 1980 to 1992 with a lesion at L3 or above on neurological examination. Of the 151 patients 70 (46%) had denervation of the external sphincter on initial evaluation and 81 (54%) had sacral sparing, that is normal or near normal electrical potentials of the external urethral sphincter and/or retained reflexic bladder activity regardless of the presence or absence of sacral reflexes. Of the 81 patients with sacral sparing 57 (70%) had detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and 21 had synergy or denervation of the sphincter in association with retained detrusor reflexia. Whereas only 18% of children age 1 year or younger with retained sacral function had upper urinary tract deterioration on initial radiological studies (manifested by reflux or hydronephrosis), 57% had deterioration when evaluated after age 1 year. None of the patients without retained sacral function had evidence of upper urinary tract damage at younger than 1 year but 28% of those studied beyond age 1 year had changes. Patients with flaccid lower extremities can retain sacral function, which puts the upper urinary tract at risk of deterioration. Our results show that this risk increases with time.
Simple and efficient site-directed mutagenesis using two single-primer reactions in parallel to generate mutants for protein structure-function studies (2009)

The SPRINP mutagenesis protocol yields mutants reliably and with high fidelity. The use of a single primer in each amplification reaction increases the probability of success of primers relative to previous methods employing a forward and reverse primer pair in the same reaction.
Nonlinear absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon optical fibres (2011)

In this paper we characterise the nonlinear optical properties of a step index hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) optical fibre and demonstrate its use for broadband self-phase modulation (SPM). The fibre was fabricated using a high pressure chemical fluid technique to deposit the semiconductor into the central hole of a silica capillary.
Immunogenicity and Biomarkers: Bioanalytical Challenges and Considerations (2017)

Assay multiplicity and complexity generally requires analytical staff to possess a certain amount of scientific nimbleness, in other words, the ability to apply a variety of formats or assay platforms
Vision based Fire/Flood Alarm Surveillance System via Robust Detection Strategy (2008)

This paper presents an intelligent and robust event detection method on visual surveillance system. Based on real time video content analysis, potential dangerous events such as fire and flood can be detected automatically in the early stage thus to prevent from damage. Moreover, to improve the correct detection rate, a robust strategy is included to reduce the false alarm rate due to effect of varying lighting condition and complex background illumination. Compared with the existing systems, the experimental results show that the proposed system not only has better performance but also alleviate the system cost, and is suitable for practical implementation.
Engineering naphthalimide-cyanine integrated near-infrared dye into ROS-responsive nanohybrids for tumor PDT/PTT/chemotherapy (2021)

Photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal therapies (PTT) are emerging treatments for tumour ablation. Organic dyes such as porphyrin, chlorin, phthalocyanine, boron-dipyrromethene and cyanine are the clinically or preclinically used photosensitizer or photothermal agents. Development of structurally diverse near-infrared dyes with long absorption wavelength is of great significance for PDT and PTT. Herein, we report a novel near-infrared dye <b>ML880</b> with naphthalimide modified cyanine skeleton. The introduction of naphthalimide moiety results in stronger electron delocalization and larger redshift in emission compared with <b>IR820</b>. Furthermore, <b>ML880</b> is co-loaded with chemotherapeutic drug into ROS-responsive mesoporous organosilica (<b>RMON</b>) to construct nanomedicine <b>NBD&ML@RMON</b>, which exhibits remarkable tumor inhibition effects through PDT/PTT/chemotherapy in vivo.
Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2013)

Curcumin, an active ingredient of Curcuma longa Linn (Zingiberaceae), has shown potential antidepressant-like activity in animal studies. The objectives of this trial were to compare the efficacy and safety of curcumin with fluoxetine in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Herein, 60 patients diagnosed with MDD were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio for six weeks observer-masked treatment with fluoxetine (20 mg) and curcumin (1000 mg) individually or their combination. The primary efficacy variable was response rates according to Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, 17-item version (HAM-D17 ). The secondary efficacy variable was the mean change in HAM-D17 score after six weeks. We observed that curcumin was well tolerated by all the patients. The proportion of responders as measured by the HAM-D17 scale was higher in the combination group (77.8%) than in the fluoxetine (64.7%) and the curcumin (62.5%) groups; however, these data were not statistically significant (P = 0.58). Interestingly, the mean change in HAM-D17 score at the end of six weeks was comparable in all three groups (P = 0.77). This study provides first clinical evidence that curcumin may be used as an effective and safe modality for treatment in patients with MDD without concurrent suicidal ideation or other psychotic disorders. .
Therapeutic Effects of Mechanical Horseback Riding on Gait and Balance Ability in Stroke Patients (2012)

This study suggests that mechanical horseback riding therapy may be an effective treatment tool for enhancing balance in adults with stroke.
Adaptive, Hands-Off Stream Mining (2002)

Sensor devices and embedded processors are becoming ubiquitous, especially in measurement and monitoring applications.Automatic discovery of patterns and trends in the large volumes of such data is of paramount importance.The combination of relatively limited resources (CPU, memory and/or communication bandwidth and power) poses some interesting challenges.We need both powerful and concise "languages" to represent the important features of the data, which can (a) adapt and handle arbitrary periodic components, including bursts, and (b) require little memory and a single pass over the data.This allows sensors to automatically (a) discover interesting patterns and trends in the data, and (b) perform outlier detection to alert users.We need a way so that a sensor can discover something like "the hourly phone call volume so far follows a daily and a weekly periodicity, with bursts roughly every year," which a human might recognize as, e.g., the Mother's day surge.When possible and if desired, the user can then issue explicit queries to further investigate the reported patterns.In this work we propose AWSOM (Arbitrary Window Stream mOdeling Method), which allows sensors operating in remote or hostile environments to discover patterns efficiently and effectively, with practically no user interventions.Our algorithms require limited resources and thus can be incorporated in individual sensors, possibly alongside a distributed query processing engine [CCC + 02, BGS01, MSHR02].Updates are performed in constant time, using sub-linear (in fact, logarithmic) space.Existing, state of the art forecasting methods (AR, SARIMA, GARCH, etc) fall short on one or more of these requirements.To the best of our knowledge, AWSOM is the first method that has all the above characteristics.Experiments on real and synthetic datasets demonstrate that AWSOM discovers meaningful patterns over long time periods.Thus, the patterns can also be used to make long-range forecasts, which are notoriously difficult to perform automatically and efficiently.In fact, AWSOM outperforms manually set up auto-regressive models, both in terms of long-term pattern detection and modeling, as well as by at least 10× in resource consumption.
Pyridazines. LXV. Reactions of some I‐phenacylazolopyridazinium halides with 2,3‐diphenylcyclopropenone, ‐thione, or hydrazine (1974)

Abstract I‐Phenacylazolopyridazinium bromides reacted with 2,3‐diphenylcyclopropenone or ‐thione in the presence of triethylaminc to give 3,4,6‐triphenyl‐2‐pyrone or ‐2‐thiopyrone and the corresponding azolopyridazine. Quaternized azolopyridazines reacted with hydrazine to give either 3,6‐diphenylpyridazine and the corresponding azoloazine or hy ring opening of the azine part to give 1‐methyl‐2‐(pyrazolyl‐5′)imidazole.
A hybrid ASIC/FPGA fault-tolerant artificial pancreas (2016)

This paper proposes a novel fault-tolerant human-implantable artificial pancreas integrated circuit achieving high dependability. The main objective of this work is to provide fault-tolerance to this safety-critical application and extend its lifetime similar to existing techniques such as Dual Modular Redundancy (DMR) and Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR). The key idea is to explore a hybrid-substrate with an FPGA-like fabric attached to an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) that leverages DMR on a per-module basis to detect transient and permanent faults and ASIC and FPGA-like reconfiguration for correcting faults. When fault-tolerance against permanent faults is considered, the proposed architecture has 5,100x lower failure rate per hour than DMR with 2.4x area overheads. In the case where transient fault protection is required, our approach achieves 83x lower failure rate per hour than TMR with 1.6x area overheads.
Isolation and Characterization of Madariaga Virus from a Horse in Paraíba State, Brazil (2015)

Madariaga virus (MADV), the new species designation for the South American isolates of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), is genetically divergent and substantially different in ecology and pathogenesis from North American EEEV strains. We isolated and characterized a MADV isolate obtained from a horse in Brazil. Our results support previous phylogenetic studies showing there are three genetically distinct MADV lineages. The MADV isolate from Paraíba State belongs to the South American lineage III and is closely related to Peruvian, Colombian and Venezuelan isolates.
Joint material of aluminium and stainless steel for welding (2000)

(2000). Joint material of aluminium and stainless steel for welding. Welding International: Vol. 14, No. 8, pp. 614-619.
Metal Complexation Reactions of Quinolone Antibiotics in a Quadrupole Ion Trap (1997)

We have undertaken a systematic study of the nature of quinolone metal complexes formed by electrospray ionization and laser desorption/ion-molecule reactions to evaluate the analytical utility of metal complexation as an alternative to conventional ionization via protonation. Metal ionization with laser-desorbed copper and nickel ions results in addition products of the form (L + Cu+) and (L + Ni+), respectively, where L is the quinolone, whereas addition-elimination products of the form (L + Co(+)-28) are observed when cobalt is used. The elimination of CO in order to form this unusual latter product seems to be favored by the formation of a cyclized structure that is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The CAD patterns of the Ni+ complexes prove to be the most structurally informative, more so than the fragmentation patterns of the protonated quinolones. Quinolone-metal complexes of the type [MII(L-H+)-(dipy)]+, where M is either Cu, Co, or Ni and dipy is 2,2'-dipyridine, are generated by electrospray ionization of a methanolic solution containing a quinolone antibiotic, a transition metal ion salt, and an auxiliary diimine ligand. Upon collisional activation, the ESI-generated complexes dissociate predominantly by loss of CO2, which is also the most common fragmentation pathway for the metal complexes formed through laser desorption/ion-molecule reactions. However, there are fewer structurally diagnostic fragment ions in the CAD spectra of the ESI complexes relative to those of the LD complexes.
Phase 2a Study of the CCR5 Monoclonal Antibody PRO 140 Administered Intravenously to HIV-Infected Adults (2010)

The anti-CCR5 antibody PRO 140 has shown potent and prolonged antiretroviral activity in subjects infected with CCR5-tropic (R5) HIV-1. Prior studies have examined single intravenous doses ranging up to 5 mg/kg of body weight or up to three subcutaneous doses ranging up to 324 mg. Here we report the results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that examined the antiviral activity, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single 5-mg/kg and 10-mg/kg intravenous infusions of PRO 140 in 31 treated subjects. Eligibility criteria included HIV-1 RNA levels of >5,000 copies/ml, CD4(+) cell counts of >300/μl, no antiretroviral therapy for ≥12 weeks, and detection of only R5 HIV-1 in the original Trofile assay. Following poststudy testing with an enhanced-sensitivity Trofile assay, one subject treated with 10 mg/kg was reclassified as having dual/mixed-tropic virus at screening, and the data for that subject were censored from efficacy analyses. The mean maximum reduction of the HIV-1 RNA level from the baseline level was 1.8 log(10) units for both the 5-mg/kg and 10-mg/kg doses (P < 0.0001 relative to placebo). Viral loads reached their nadir at day 12 posttreatment and remained significantly (P < 0.01) reduced through day 29 for both PRO 140 dose groups. Treatment was generally well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicity being observed. Peak serum concentrations and overall exposures increased proportionally with dose. In summary, single 5-mg/kg and 10-mg/kg doses of PRO 140 exhibited potent, long-lived antiviral activity and were generally well tolerated. The findings further delineate the safety and antiviral properties of this novel, long-acting antiretroviral agent.
The Experience of Female Ballet Dancers: A grounded theory (2001)

We examined the experience of female ballet dancers and developed a theory about the origin and effects of this experience. Gordon's (1983) book Off Balance contains interviews and accounts of dancers' experience, and was used as the primary data source. Established methods of grounded theory were used to develop a theoretical account based on Gordon's text. We gleaned 167 meaning units from the text, and through categorization of these meaning units identified thematic components of dancers' experience as: (a) Fantasy Creatures; (b) Machines; (c) Slaves; (d) Children; and (e) Artists, each feeding our core construct of dancers as "A Breed Apart". Based on these categories we suggest some possible dynamics from which these experiences derive; we also discuss the study's limitations and implications for future research.
In VivoEvolution of a β-lactamase-like Activity Throughout the Idiotypic Pathway (2003)

An abzyme (9G4H9) displaying a β-lactamase activity was obtained through the idiotypic pathway and has been previously described. Analysis of the catalytic mechanism by kinetic measurements with various substrates, chemical modifications, and three dimensional modeling, led us to conclude that IgG 9G4H9 displays an activity at the crossroads of β-lactamases and penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Penicillin-binding proteins and βlactamases are two closely related enzymes arising from a common ancestral gene. We herein propose that the idiotypic network has allowed the generation of a catalyst with unique catalytic properties, but that could behave as an intermediate between both enzymes.
Exciton Transfer and Emergent Excitonic States in Oppositely-Charged Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Complexes (2016)

Photosynthetic organisms have mastered the use of "soft" macromolecular assemblies for light absorption and concentration of electronic excitation energy. Nature's design centers on an optically inactive protein-based backbone that acts as a host matrix for an array of light-harvesting pigment molecules. The pigments are organized in space such that excited states can migrate between molecules, ultimately delivering the energy to the reaction center. Here we report our investigation of an artificial light-harvesting energy transfer antenna based on complexes of oppositely charged conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs). The conjugated backbone and the charged side chains of the CPE lead to an architecture that simultaneously functions as a structural scaffold and an electronic energy "highway". We find that the process of ionic complex formation leads to a remarkable change in the excitonic wavefunction of the energy acceptor, which manifests in a dramatic increase in the fluorescence quantum yield. We argue that the extended backbone of the donor CPE effectively templates a planarized acceptor polymer, leading to excited states that are highly delocalized along the polymer backbone.
Palladium-Coated Gold Nanoparticles with a Controlled Shell Thickness Used as Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate (2006)

We report the synthesis and characterization of gold core palladium shell (Au@Pd) nanoparticles with thickness-controlled shell as an improved transition-metal substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). By changing the molar ratio of H2PdCl4 to Au, the Pd shell thickness can be precisely controlled from a few nanometers down to ca. one monolayer. A series of characterizations were performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV−vis, SERS, and electrochemical techniques. The results confirmed the core−shell structure and the uniform and pinhole-free nature of the Pd shell, ensuring the properties of Pd without possible interference from Au. Consistent with theoretical prediction, the core−shell setting borrows high SERS activity from the Au core through the long-range electromagnetic enhancement in addition to the enhancement from the Pd shell itself. Moreover, their SERS activity can be optimized by the tunable shell thickness and core size. The nm-Au@Pd/Pd electrodes allow us to obtain good quality SER spectra of various molecules on Pd that were unable to be accessed with detail in the past. We believe that this borrowing strategy will be important for in-situ extracting of detailed vibrational information for adsorbates on catalytic Pd surfaces.