gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel multiplex real-time PCR assay for CA-MRSA: Rapid typing of SCCmec type assignment with detection of the pathogenicity (2010)

Background: Numerous community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections have been seen in healthy populations. To detect CA-MRSA is important for clinicians because many fatal cases were reported. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing is useful for defining CA-MRSA clones. The rapid detection system for CA-MRSA is needed. We established a convenient multiplex real-time PCR for detection of SCCmec type assignment with detection of the pathogenicity analyzed MRSA clones in Nagasaki. Methods: 776 MRSA isolated from different clinical specimens, sputum, pus and blood at Nagasaki University Hospital from Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2007. All isolates were subjected to MIC testing and PCR for TSST-1(toxic shock syndrome toxin 1), sec (enterotoxin type c), etb(exfoliative toxin type b), and PVL(Panton-Valentine Leucocidin). PCR was performed using a LightCycler 480 to amplify a total of 10 genes in the same run. The entire run time for this assay is approximately 4 hours. Based on these molecular typing methods, we characterized the genetic background of MRSA strains isolated in our hospital. The medical records were also reviewed for the determination of nosocomial infection or the community acquired infection. Results: The 667 MRSA clones detected from pus were classified as SCCmec type II (77.7%), SCCmec type IV (19.2□), and SCCmec type I (3.0□). SCCmec type IV clones has been increasing for 8years. 87.5% of SCCmec type II clone had TSST-1 and sec genes. 15 isolates were etb positive, all of them isolated from pus. No isolate was PVL positive. Most patients infected SCCmec type IV clone were classified as nosocomial infection. Conclusion: Our system was thus the convenient and reliable method for typing MRSA in Japan. SCCmec type II MRSA which possesses TSST-1 and sec genes was the major nosocomial infection type in Japan. The present study indicated the high rates of PVL negative SCCmec type IV in Nagasaki, and reveals for the drift of MRSA clones mixed the type of nosocomial infection and the type of community acquired infection. Abstracts for SupplementInternational Journal of Infectious DiseasesVol. 14Preview Full-Text PDF Open Archive
NASA's swarm missions: the challenge of building autonomous software (2004)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) introduces its new millenium mission class. Motivated by the need to gather more data than is possible with a single spacecraft, scientists have developed a new class of missions based on the efficiency and cooperative nature of a hive culture. The missions, aptly dubbed nanoswarm is a little more than mechanized colonies cooperating in their exploration of the solar system. Each swarm mission can have hundreds or even thousands of cooperating intelligent spacecraft that work in teams. One swarm mission under concept development for 2020 to 2030 is the autonomous nano technology swarm (ANTS). For software and systems development, this is uncharted territory that calls for revolutionary techniques.
Development of inverted pendulum robot capable of climbing stairs using planetary wheel mechanism (2013)

Improved robot mobility is necessary in order to realize the expected uses of robots in the human life environment, which includes obstacles such as stairs and narrow passages. Because objects which humans require are often located on desks or tables, which are at some height above ground level, a long vertical dimension is also necessary in the robot design. To meet these requirements, this study focused on a type of mobile robot using an inverted pendulum, which enables a robot with a long vertical dimension to negotiate narrow passages. Since it is difficult for inverted pendulum robots to climb steps, this study proposes a planetary wheel mechanism which makes it possible for an inverted pendulum robot to ascend differences in level. This mechanism has an extremely simple structure, comprising a belt, pulley, and arm, and has the advantage of not requiring addition of a new actuator. This paper describes the composition of the proposed mechanism and its principle of operation, and also describes the control method. A prototype of the robot was produced, and it was shown experimentally that the robot was capable of climbing stairs with a height of 120 mm-130 mm at a rate of approximately 2.4 s per one step.
Biobased Chemicals from Conception toward Industrial Reality: Lessons Learned and To Be Learned (2012)

ISSN:2155-5435
Imaging of dopamine D2/3 agonist binding in cocaine dependence: A [11C]NPA positron emission tomography study (2011)

The results of this [(11) C]NPA PET study do not support alterations in D(2/3 HIGH) binding in the striatum in cocaine dependence.
Difference set codes for (1-D) partial-response channels (2002)

We present a new construction of block codes for the (1-D)-PR channel with a minimum squared Euclidean distance of six. Except for small code lengths, the new codes have larger rates than other known codes.
Real-time optical image stabilization using high frame rate video sequence at 500 fps (2015)

In this paper, we have developed Real-Time optical image stabilization system which uses high frame rate (HFR) video sequence captured by high speed camera head in order to stabilize jitter due to undesired camera motion while handling camera head by handheld system or mounted on mobile robots or vehicles. Optical Image Stabilization (OIS) is conducted using 512×512 color images captured at 500 fps by generating counter motion against high displacement motion. An improved feature extraction algorithm is implemented on high speed vision platform which is facilitated with Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in order to implement user defined hardware logic to reduce the computation cost and to realize real-time image processing. Extracted features are matched with consecutive frames to obtain frame by frame displacement and direction of motion. Based on frame displacement camera fluctuation is calculated. Counter motion is determined by filtering high displacement using Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) high pass filter. High speed camera head is mounted on 2-DOF Pan-Tilt-compensation system which is used to respond to the calculated counter motion. Since the whole process is realized in real-time, high speed OIS is proved as computationally efficient.
Nuclear-induced electrical conductivity in 3He (1998)

The results of a computational and experimental investigation of nuclear-induced electrical conductivity enhancement in 3He is discussed with application to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) energy conversion. Calculations based on the standard model of interactions and conductivity in a gas of partially ionized 3He suggest a region of conditions not previously considered may provide significant conductivity enhancement. Specifically, at densities less than standard atmospheric density and neutron flux greater than 1×1012/cm2 s, conductivity greater than 10 mho/m may be achievable. These calculations also suggest conductivities of several hundred mho/m may be possible for an achievable range of conditions. Additionally, the calculations show that nuclear-induced conductivity is strongly density dependent and weakly temperature dependent. Therefore, higher flow velocities, and hence higher power densities than those typical in traditional MHD channels utilizing thermal ionization would be possible. Experiments were designed to measure the conductivity enhancement in pure 3He for temperatures from 300 to 1500 K, pressure from 3.8×103–7.6×10−2 Torr, and thermal neutron flux from 1010 to 1016/cm2 s. Due to unforeseeable events, the reactor facility was shut down prior to the completion of these experiments resulting in a sparse data set. The data collected indicate the actual conductivity enhancement is approximately three orders of magnitude below the value calculated by the standard model of interactions. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed, and additional calculations and experiments are proposed to resolve the discrepancy.
Leptin increases serotonin turnover by inhibition of brain nitric oxide synthesis (1999)

Leptin administration inhibits diencephalic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and increases brain serotonin (5-HT) metabolism in mice. We evaluated food intake, body-weight gain, diencephalic NOS activity, and diencephalic content of tryptophan (TRP), 5-HT, hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio after intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intraperitoneal (IP) leptin injection in mice. Five consecutive days of ICV or IP leptin injections induced a significant reduction in neuronal NOS (nNOS) activity, and caused a dose-dependent increase of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio. Diencephalic 5-HT metabolism showed a significant increase in 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio 3 hours after a single leptin injection. This effect was maintained for 3 hours and had disappeared by 12 hours after injection. After a single IP leptin injection, the peak for 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio was achieved at 6 hours. Single injections of ICV or IP leptin significantly increased diencephalic 5-HT content. Leptin-induced 5-HT increase was antagonized by the coadministration of L-arginine only when the latter was ICV injected, whereas D-arginine did not influence leptin effects on brain 5-HT content. Finally, in nNOS-knockout mice, the appetite-suppressant activity of leptin was strongly reduced, and the leptin-induced increase in brain 5-HT metabolism was completely abolished. Our results indicate that the L-arginine/NO pathway is involved in mediating leptin effects on feeding behavior, and demonstrate that nNOS activity is required for the effects of leptin on brain 5-HT turnover.
Performance Degradation of Integrated Optical Modulators Due to Electrical Crosstalk (2016)

In this paper, we investigate electrical crosstalk in integrated Mach-Zehnder modulator arrays based on n-doped InP substrate and show that it can be the cause for transmitter performance degradations. In particular, a common ground return path between adjacent modulators can cause high coupling noise up to -20 dB which leads to system power penalties of more than 10 dB at 10 Gb/s OOK modulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that electrical crosstalk is significantly reduced in the absence of the shared ground and that it varies with modulator separation distance. Experimental results are shown that indicate a crosstalk tolerance of -40 dB for 1 dB power penalty at 10 Gb/s.
An all digital receiver architecture for bandwidth efficient transmission at high data rates (1989)

Using the maximum-likelihood approach, algorithms for detection and synchronization are derived that are well suited for VLSI implementation. Special emphasis is placed on an all-digital implementation where carrier and clock synchronization do not require a feedback of signals to the analog part, which simplifies the analog front-end design (mixing oscillator and A/D converter sampling clock run at fixed frequency). An important advantage of the proposed algorithms is that a high clock rate is not required; only two-four times the symbol rate is needed, depending on amplitude quantization. Implementation aspects, e.g. architecture, and quantization, are considered. A prototype is described which was implemented to prove the feasibility of the concept and to evaluate the performance under practical conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Gold nanoparticles enhance anti-tumor effect of radiotherapy to hypoxic tumor (2016)

In the present study, hypoxic tumors treated with GNPs + RT showed favorable responses, which might be attributable to the ROS production induced by GNPs + RT. Taken together, GNPs combined with RT seems to be potential modality for enhancing the response to RT in hypoxic tumors.
Performance Analysis of Relay Systems in an Interference-Limited Environment (2011)

In this paper, we analyze the outage performance of relay-enhanced cellular systems in an interference-limited environment, where the co-channel interference (CCI) is a crucial factor that governs the overall system performance as compared to an AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise). Furthermore, the relay station and destination are subject to the different but arbitrary number of CCIs on each node. Assuming that the interference channels are statistically independent and non-identically distributed (i.ni.d), we derive the outage probabilities for amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relay systems. We show that the statistics obtained from our analyses, e.g., probability density function (PDF) and cumulative density function (CDF), including the outage probability, closely coincide with simulation results.
Anger and frontal brain activity: EEG asymmetry consistent with approach motivation despite negative affective valence. (1998)

The anterior regions of the left and right cerebral hemispheres have been posited to be specialized for expression and experience of approach and withdrawal processes, respectively. Much of the evidence supporting this hypothesis has been obtained by use of the anterior asymmetry in electroencephalographic alpha activity. In most of this research, however, motivational direction has been confounded with affective valence such that, for instance, approach motivation relates positively with positive affect. In the present research, we tested the hypothesis that dispositional anger, an approach-related motivational tendency with negative valence, would be associated with greater left- than right-anterior activity. Results supported the hypothesis, suggesting that the anterior asymmetry varies as a function of motivational direction rather than affective valence.
The Troy Microneedle: A Rapidly Separating, Dissolving Microneedle Formed by Cyclic Contact and Drying on the Pillar (CCDP) (2015)

In dissolving microneedle (DMN)-mediated therapy, complete and rapid delivery of DMNs is critical for the desired efficacy. Traditional patch-based DMN delivery, however, may fail due to incomplete delivery from insufficient skin insertion or rapid separation of microneedles due to their strong bond to the backing film. Here, we introduce the Troy microneedle, which was created by cyclic contact and drying on the pillar (CCDP), and which enabled simultaneous complete and rapid delivery of DMN. This CCDP process could be flexibly repeated to achieve a specific desired drug dose in a DMN. We evaluated DMN separation using agarose gel, and the Troy microneedle achieved more complete and rapid separation than other, more deeply dipped DMN, primarily because of the Troy's minimal junction between the DMN and pillar. When Troy microneedles were applied to pig cadaver skin, it took only 15 s for over 90% of encapsulated rhodamine B to be delivered, compared to 2 h with application of a traditional DMN patch. In vivo skin penetration studies demonstrated rapid DMN-separation of Troy microneedles still in solid form before dissolution. The Troy microneedle overcomes critical issues associated with the low penetration efficiency of flat patch-based DMN and provides an innovative route for DMN-mediated therapy, combining patient convenience with the desire drug efficacy.
Handling High-Bandwidth Traffic Aggregates by Receiver-Driven Feedback Control (2006)

High-bandwidth traffic aggregates may occur during times of flooding-based distributed denial-of-service attacks or flash crowds. Congestion control of these traffic aggregates is important to avoid congestion collapse of network services. This paper presents a class of feedback-control algorithms that proactively protect a network server from overload by installing rate throttles in a set of upstream routers. A control-theoretical framework is proposed to optimize the control setting such that throttling can be achieved in a distributed and fair manner. We develop control-theoretic algorithms that (1) are highly adaptive by avoiding the configuration of unnecessary control parameters, (2) provide max-min fairness for any number of throttling routers, (3) respond very quickly to network changes, (4) are extremely robust against extrinsic factors beyond the system control, and (5) are stable under given delay bounds.
Particle flow switch using ultrasonic particle switching in microfluidic channels (2003)

This paper describes a method to switch suspended particles from one medium to another. The method combines an ultrasonic standing wave field with the laminar flow properties of a silicon micro channel. Suspended particles in a contaminated medium enter the channel through side inlets and a clean medium enters through a centre inlet, forming three laminated streams. Acoustic radiation forces subsequently drive the particles in the suspension into the middle of the channel thereby switching them from the contaminated medium to the clean. The channel is split into three exit channels separating the particles, now in the clean medium, from the contaminated fluid in the side outlets via the centre outlet. Experiments have shown that more than 90% of the contamination can be removed using this method.
Impact of Shell Composition, Thickness and Heating Temperature on the Performance of Nickel-Rich Cobalt-Free Core-Shell Materials (2020)

Ni-rich lithium transition metal oxides have high specific capacity but generally have inferior cycling performance compared to their lower Ni content counterparts. core–shell structures with a Ni-rich core and a Mn-containing shell have been reported to improve the cycling performance of Ni-rich materials, but the impact of the shell on the performance of core–shell materials needs to be elaborated more. In this work, three core–shell precursors having a Ni(OH) 2 core, but different shell compositions and thicknesses, were lithiated at various temperatures and the resulting materials were examined physically and electrochemically. They were compared to the corresponding uniform “shell” materials lithiated at the same temperatures. The selection of heating temperature is crucial and must be made with care to limit the interdiffusion between core and shell compositions while still heating to sufficient temperature to prepare crystalline materials with little lithium in the transition metal layer. Once these factors are understood, core–shell structures with an optimized shell thickness and Mn content can be made to simultaneously achieve high specific capacity and long cycle life.
Sample images can be independently restored from face recognition templates (2004)

Biometrics promise the ability to automatically identify individuals from reasonably easy to measure and hard to falsify characteristics. They are increasingly being investigated for use in large scale identification applications in the context of increased national security awareness. This paper addresses some of the security and privacy implications of biometric storage. Biometric systems record a sample image, and calculate a template: a compact digital representation of the essential features of the image. To compare the individuals represented by two images, the corresponding templates are compared, and a match score calculated, indicating the confidence level that the images represent the same individual. Biometrics vendors have uniformly claimed that it is impossible or infeasible to recreate an image from a template, and therefore, templates are currently treated as nonidentifiable data. We describe a simple algorithm which allows recreation of a sample image from a face recognition template using only match score values. At each iteration, a candidate image is slightly modified by an eigenface image, and modifications which improve the match score are kept. The regenerated image compares with high score to the original image, and visually shows most of the essential features. This image could thus be used to fool the algorithm as the target person, or to visually identify that individual. Importantly, this algorithm is immune to template encryption: any system which allows access to match scores effectively allows sample images to be regenerated in this way.
ALMA Survey of Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (ALMASOP): Evidence for a Molecular Jet Launched at an Unprecedented Early Phase of Protostellar evolution (2022)

Protostellar outflows and jets play a vital role in star formation as they carry away excess angular momentum from the inner disk surface, allowing the material to be transferred toward the central protostar. Theoretically, low velocity and poorly collimated outflows appear from the beginning of the collapse, at the first hydrostatic core (FHSC) stage. With growing protostellar core mass, high-density jets are launched which entrain an outflow from the infalling envelope. Until now, molecular jets have been observed at high velocity ($\gtrsim$ 100 km/s) in early Class\,0 protostars. We, for the first time, detect a dense molecular jet in SiO emission with small-velocity ($\sim$ 4.2 km\,s$^{-1}$, deprojected $\sim$ 24 km\,s$^{-1}$) from source G208.89-20.04Walma (hereafter, G208Walma) using ALMA Band\,6 observations. This object has some characteristics of FHSCs, such as a small outflow/jet velocity, extended 1.3\,mm continuum emission, and N$_2$D$^+$ line emission. Additional characteristics, however, are typical of early protostars: collimated outflow and SiO jet. The full extent of the outflow corresponds to a dynamical time scale of $\sim$ 930$^{+200}_{-100}$ years. The spectral energy distribution also suggests a very young source having an upper limit of T$_{bol}$ $\sim$ 31 K and L$_{bol}$ $\sim$ 0.8 L$_\sun$. We conclude that G208Walma is likely in the transition phase from FHSC to protostar, and the molecular jet has been launched within a few hundred years of initial collapse. Therefore, G208Walma may be the earliest object discovered in the protostellar phase with a molecular jet.
A framework for self-healing home networks (2014)

Self-healing networks, or computer networks that can detect existing or potential pathologies and mitigate them with minimal human intervention, are particularly attractive in the home networking space, as home networks are heterogeneous and are typically configured and maintained by non-experts. Home networks greatly benefit from the ability to independently detect and mitigate issues with minimal user intervention. In this work in progress paper, we propose a proactive framework for a self-healing home network that detects and mitigates network pathologies that may lead to reduced application QoE. The framework collects and analyzes both application-level and network-level data to assessing the current “health” of the home network. In addition, the framework will apply a set of heuristics to determine the best course of action to take when presented with a set of network conditions.
An induction micromotor on a permanent magnet bearing (2000)

A first operational prototype of induction electromagnetic micromotor (OE18*2 mm) mounted on a magnetic bearing was built and tested. The maximum speed reached is 4500 rpm, and the corresponding measured torque 1.2 mu Nm. Induction devices therefore seem viable to be miniaturised.