gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binuclear CpV, Cp*V, and Cp*Ta Complexes containing Organochalcogenolato Bridges, μ-ER (E = Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium; R = Methyl, Phenyl, and Ferrocenyl) (2000)

Photolysis of the halfsandwich tetracarbonylmetal complexes CpV(CO)4, Cp*V(CO)4 and Cp*Ta(CO)4 in solution in the presence of di(organyl)dichalcogenides E2R2 (E = S, Se, Te; R = Me, Ph, Fc) leads to diamagnetic doubly organochalcogenolato-bridged compounds, [Cp()M(CO)2(μ-ER)]2. According to the X-ray structure determinations carried out for [CpV(CO)2(μ-TeMe)]2, [Cp*V(CO)2(μ-TePh)]2 and [Cp*Ta(CO)2(μ-SPh)]2, the molecular framework consists of a folded M2(μ-ER)2 ring with the cyclopentadienyl ligands in cis-configuration and the organyl substituents R in a syn-equatorial arrangement, thus forming a bowl-shaped molecule with the four terminal CO ligands protruding into the inner sphere. The M…M distances (in the range between 305 and 330 pm) are not considered to indicate direct bonding interactions. The vanadium complexes [Cp()V(CO)2(μ-ER)]2 are completely decarbonylated in the presence of an excess of E2R2 in boiling toluene, and in many cases the paramagnetic quadruply-bridged products, [CpV(μ-ER)2]2, can be isolated. Zweikernige CpV-, Cp*V- und Cp*Ta-Komplexe mit OrganochalkogenolatoBrücken, μ-ER (E = Schwefel, Selen, Tellur; R = Methyl, Phenyl und Ferrocenyl) Die Photolyse der Halbsandwich-tetracarbonylmetall-Komplexe CpV(CO)4, Cp*V(CO)4 und Cp*Ta(CO)4 in Lösung in Gegenwart von Di(organyl)dichalkogeniden E2R2 (E = S, Se, Te; R = Me, Ph, Fc) führt zu den diamagnetischen, zweifach organochalkogenolatverbrückten Verbindungen, [Cp()M(CO)2(μ-ER)]2. Nach den Röntgenstrukturanalysen, die für [CpV(CO)2(μ-TeMe)]2, [Cp*V(CO)2(μ-TePh)]2 und [Cp*Ta(CO)2(μ-SPh)]2 durchgeführt wurden, besteht das Molekülgerüst aus einem nicht-ebenen Vierring mit den Cyclopentadienyl-Liganden in cis-Konfiguration und den Organyl-Substituenten R in syn-equatorialer Anordnung. So entsteht ein wannenförmiges Molekül, in dessen inneren Bereich die vier endständigen CO-Liganden hineinragen. Die Metall…Metall-Abstände (im Bereich von 305–330 pm) werden nicht als Hinweis auf direkte bindende Wechselwirkungen angesehen. Die Vanadiumkomplexe [Cp()V(CO)2(μ-ER)]2 werden in Gegenwart von überschüssigem E2R2 in siedendem Toluol vollständig decarbonyliert, und in vielen Fällen lassen sich paramagnetische, vierfach verbrückte Produkte [CpV(μ-ER)2]2 isolieren.
Central core of the cerebrum (2010)

It is very useful for neurosurgeons to facilitate the understanding of spatial relationships and pertinent surgical approaches in and around the central core with a highly complex anatomy by using fiber dissection.
Friday: global comprehension for distributed replay (2007)

Debugging and profiling large-scale distributed applications is a daunting task. We present Friday, a system for debugging distributed applications that combines deterministic replay of components with the power of symbolic, low-level debugging and a simple language for expressing higher-level distributed conditions and actions. Friday allows the programmer to understand the collective state and dynamics of a distributed collection of coordinated application components. To evaluate Friday, we consider several distributed problems, including routing consistency in overlay networks, and temporal state abnormalities caused by route flaps. We show via micro-benchmarks and larger-scale application measurement that Friday can be used interactively to debug large distributed applications under replay on common hardware.
<title>Laser-focused atomic deposition</title> (1994)

We have demonstrated the use of a standing-wave laser beam to focus chromium atoms as they deposit onto a silicon surface. A permanent array of Cr lines has been fabricated, with line width 65 nm, spacing 213 nm, and height 34 nm. The array covers an area of 0.4 mm X 1 mm, and was deposited in approximately 10 minutes. The lines made in this way constitute a proof-of- principle of an entirely new approach to nanostructure fabrication, with potential for extremely small feature size coupled with massive parallelism.
Modeling statistical dopant fluctuations in MOS transistors (1998)

The impact of statistical dopant fluctuations on the threshold voltage V/sub T/ and device performance of silicon MOSFET's is investigated by means of analytical and numerical modeling. A new analytical model describing dopant fluctuations in the active device area enables the derivation of the standard deviation, /spl sigma/V/sub T/, of the threshold voltage distribution for arbitrary channel doping profiles. Using the MINIMOS device simulator to extend the analytical approach, it is found that /spl sigma/V/sub T/, can be properly derived from two-dimensional (2-D) or three-dimensional (3-D) simulations using a relatively coarse simulation grid. Evaluating the threshold voltage shift arising from dopant fluctuations, on the other hand, calls for full 3-D simulations with a numerical grid that is sufficiently refined to represent the discrete nature of the dopant distribution. The average V/sub T/-shift is found to be positive for long, narrow devices, and negative for short, wide devices. The fast 2-D MINIMOS modeling of dopant fluctuations enables an extensive statistical analysis of the intrinsic spreading in a large set of compact model parameters for state-of-the-art CMOS technology. It is predicted that V/sub T/-variations due to dopant fluctuations become unacceptably large in CMOS generations of 0.18 /spl mu/m and beyond when the present scaling scenarios are pursued. Parameter variations can be drastically reduced by using alternative device designs with ground-plane channel profiles.
Lateral Alternating Donor/Acceptor Multilayered Junction for Organic Solar Cells (2019)

Blended junctions are indispensable for organic solar cells; however, the fabrication of electron and hole transport routes in blended cells remains quite challenging. Herein, a lateral alternating multilayered junction using a high-mobility organic semiconductor is proposed and demonstrated. A total of 93% of the photogenerated electrons and holes are laterally collected over a long distance (0.14 mm). The exciton-collection efficiency reaches 75% in a lateral alternating multilayered junction with a layer thickness of 10 nm. A lateral organic alternating multilayered junction that completely collects both excitons and carriers can be an alternative blended junction for organic solar cells.
Suppl Fig S2C from Non-BRCA DNA Damage Repair Gene Alterations and Response to the PARP Inhibitor Rucaparib in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Analysis From the Phase II TRITON2 Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2. Summary of observed alterations in CHEK2 (C).&lt;/p&gt;
Solid State Chemical Reactions and Polymerizations: The Initial Synthesis of DNA? (2012)

A Proposal for Covering individual Macromolecules with Macromolecules including a Realistic Chiral Synthesis of Nucleic Acids.
Supplementary Figure 4 from MUC1 Oncoprotein Regulates Bcr-Abl Stability and Pathogenesis in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from MUC1 Oncoprotein Regulates Bcr-Abl Stability and Pathogenesis in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells
Contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the onset of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease - a monozygotic twin study (2020)

Abstract Objective To study the genetic contribution to the start of Alzheimer’s disease as signified by abnormalities in amyloid and tau biomarkers in cognitively intact older identical twins. Methods We studied in 96 monozygotic twin-pairs relationships between Aβ aggregation as measured by the ratio Aβ1-42/1-40 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET), and CSF markers for Aβ production (BACE1, Aβ1-40 and 1-38) and tau. Associations amongst markers were tested with Generalized Estimating Equations including a random effect for twin status, adjusted for age, gender, and APOE ε4 genotype. We used twin analyses to determine relative contributions of genetic and/or environmental factors to AD pathophysiological processes. Results Twenty-seven individuals (14%) had an abnormal amyloid-PET, and 14 twin-pairs (15%) showed discordant amyloid status. Within twin-pairs, Aβ production markers and total-tau (t-tau) levels strongly correlated (r range 0.76, 0.88; all p&lt;0.0001), and Aβ aggregation markers and 181-phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) levels correlated moderately strong (r range 0.49, 0.52; all p&lt;0.0001). Cross-twin cross-trait analysis showed that Aβ1-38 in one twin correlated with Aβ1-42/1-40 ratios, t-tau and p-tau levels in their co-twins (r range 0.18, 0.58; all p&lt;.07). Within-pair differences in Aβ production markers related to differences in tau levels (r range 0.49, 0.61; all p&lt;0.0001). Twin discordance analyses suggest that Aβ production and tau levels show coordinated increases in very early AD. Interpretation Our results suggest a substantial genetic/shared environmental background contributes to both Aβ and tau increases, suggesting that modulation of environmental risk factors may aid in delaying the onset of AD pathophysiological processes.
Third Generation CD28/4-1BB CAR T Cells for Refractory CD19+ B Cell Malignancy: Generation of a GMP Protocol an Evaluation of Clinical Grade Batches (2014)

Third Generation CD28/4-1BB CAR T Cells for Refractory CD19+ B Cell Malignancy: Generation of a GMP Protocol an Evaluation of Clinical Grade Batches
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NUCLEAR DNA OF HORDEUM VULGARE ROOT HAIRS: AMPLIFICATION DISAPPEARS UNDER SALT STRESS (1987)

In Hordeum vulgare L., the nucleus of differentiating root hairs contains amplified, extrachromosomal DNA sequences. Cytophotometry shows that the nuclei of trichoblasts and root hairs grown under normal conditions contain up to 50% more DNA than those grown in 200 mM salt. Although the root hairs develop and differentiate under salt stress, amplification of their nuclear DNA is suppressed. From this, we conclude that amplification is not necessary for differentiation at the cellular level. Characterization of the amplified nuclear DNA of the root hair is based on the physical/chemical nature of the DNA. The amplified sequences separate as a satellite band when total nucleic acids are centrifuged on CsCl gradients. Enzyme restriction of the satellite and main bands with Msp I and Hpa II followed by agarose gel electrophoresis shows that the satellite band is not more highly methylated than the main band. Restriction of the root hair DNA with EcoRI reveals repetitive DNA sequences not seen in similarly restricted whole root, leaf or salt‐stressed root hair preparations. While these unique, repetitive sequences in the 2–6 kb region of the gel do not hybridize with ribosomal, chloroplast, or mitochondrial DNAs, RNA hybridization shows that some of them are transcribed. We believe that the amplified sequences are extrachromosomal based on their selective degradation during root hair senescence, their separation as a satellite band and their restriction patterns.
ChemInform Abstract: NICHT‐STEROIDE ENTZUENDUNGSHEMMENDE VERBINDUNGEN 1. MITT. 6‐SUBSTITUIERTE 2‐NAPHTHYLESSIGSAEUREN (1970)

Abstract Naphthaline (I) werden in Gegenwart von Aluminiumchlorid zu (II) acetyliert und dann nach Willgerodt mit Morpholin‐Schwefel in die homologe Carbonsäure (III) übergeführt, die nach Veresterung mit NaH/Methyljodid zu (IV) substituiert wird.
Growth of Epitaxial Layers from a Liquid Phase. (1977)

Abstract : The invention pertains to a method for preparing a substrate for subsequent liquid-phase epitaxial layer growth whereby the substrate traverses molten solvent metal of the substrate, or an unsaturated solution thereof, in an inert atmosphere at a temperature lying within a range from the melting point of the solvent metal to the melting point of the substrate.
Continuing into the future: on the interaction of futures and first-class continuations (1990)

Article Free AccessContinuing into the future: on the interaction of futures and first-class continuations Authors: Morry Katz View Profile , Daniel Weise View Profile Authors Info & Claims LFP '90: Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on LISP and functional programmingMay 1990 Pages 176–184https://doi.org/10.1145/91556.91628Published:01 May 1990Publication History 21citation461DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations21Total Downloads461Last 12 Months10Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Effect of Immobilization Site and Membrane Materials on Multiphasic Enantiocatalytic Enzyme Membrane Reactors (2003)

In the experimental work reported here the optical resolution of racemic naproxen methyl ester with crude lipase immobilized in a membrane reactor was studied. The multiphasic enantiocatalytic enzyme membrane reactor consisted of an organic phase that dissolved the naproxen methyl ester, a lipase-loaded membrane, and an aqueous phase that extracted the reaction product. Lipase preferentially converted the (S)-naproxen methyl ester to (S)-naproxen acid that was simultaneously separated by a membrane. The effect of the immobilization site and membrane type on the performance of the enzyme membrane reactor was studied. Capillary polyamide membrane with 10 kDa nominal molecular weight cutoff (NMWCO) and polysulfone membrane with 30 kDa NMWCO were applied, with lipase loaded in the sponge layer or on a membrane thin layer. With various immobilization sites and membrane types, the enzyme membrane reactors showed different productivity and enantioselectivity resulting from the varying amounts of immobilized enzyme and varying microenvironment of the hydrolysis reaction. Higher amounts of immobilized enzyme led to increased productivity and generally higher enantioslectivity of the membrane reactor. It seems that the location of organic/aqueous interface on membrane, which plays an important role in a multiphasic enzyme membrane reactor, was influenced by the immobilization site and membrane type and this affected the productivity and enantioselectivity. As much as 90% enantioexcess was obtained with a polyamide membrane, and lower values with a polysulfone membrane. A sponge layer of polyamide membrane is the preferred immobilization site for its higher productivity than a thin membrane layer, and for its higher enantioselectivity than a polysulfone membrane. In comparison with the unstable hydrolysis activity of free lipase in stirred tank reactor, a stable lipase activity can be obtained with the lipase-immobilized membrane reactor, irrespective of whether a polyamide or polysulfone membrane is used.
Expanding the Use of Fluorogenic Enzyme Reporter Substrates to Imaging Metabolic Flux Changes: the Activity Measurement of 5α-Steroid Reductase in Intact Mammalian Cells (2010)

The study of dynamic properties of metabolic and signaling networks is hindered by the lack of methods for imaging metabolic fluxes in individual intact cells. We describe a novel optical approach for measuring the changes of metabolic fluxes in cells, based on a two-substrate competition between a physiological substrate and a fluorogenic reporter substrate. We have constructed a model cell system for a two-step metabolic pathway involved in the metabolism of testosterone. Potent androgen testosterone is converted by steroid 5α-reductase to DHT (5α-dihydrotestosterone), which is subsequently metabolized to 3α-diol (3α,17β-androstanediol) by the reductase AKR1C2 (aldo-ketoreductase 1C2), for which we have previously developed the fluorogenic reporter substrate Coumberone. Despite the medicinal importance of 5α-reductase, there are presently no probes or methods for the continuous activity readout of this enzyme in cells. We show that the activity of 5α-R1 (5α-reductase type 1) can be measured in COS-1 cells via the changes of DHT flux. Our system enables a measurement of 5α-reductase activity in cells, via either fluorimetry or fluorescence microscopy, with a wide dynamic range of activities, and provides a continuous optical assay for evaluation of small molecule inhibitors for this important enzyme. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates a novel optical approach to measuring metabolic flux changes in living cells and expands the utility of fluorogenic enzyme reporter substrates: optical reporters can measure not only the activity of the target enzyme but also the activity of other enzymes upstream in the pathway, for which there are no probes available.
Matching resumes and jobs based on relevance models (2007)

We investigate the difficult problem of matching semi-structured resumes and jobs in a large scale real-world collection. We compare standard approaches to Structured Relevance Models (SRM), an extensionof relevance-based language model for modeling and retrieving semi-structured documents. Preliminary experiments show that the SRM approach achieved promising performance and performed better than typical unstructured relevance models.
Generating Accurate Rule Sets Without Global Optimization (1998)

The two dominant schemes for rule-learning, C4.5 and RIPPER, both operate in two stages. First they induce an initial rule set and then they refine it using a rather complex optimization stage that discards (C4.5) or adjusts (RIPPER) individual rules to make them work better together. In contrast, this paper shows how good rule sets can be learned one rule at a time, without any need for global optimization. We present an algorithm for inferring rules by repeatedly generating partial decision trees, thus combining the two major paradigms for rule generation-creating rules from decision trees and the separate-and-conquer rule-learning technique. The algorithm is straightforward and elegant: despite this, experiments on standard datasets show that it produces rule sets that are as accurate as and of similar size to those generated by C4.5, and more accurate than RIPPER’s. Moreover, it operates efficiently, and because it avoids postprocessing, does not suffer the extremely slow performance on pathological example sets for which the C4.5 method has been criticized.
Measurement of the particle space charge in the outlet of an electrostatic precipitator using an electric field mill (1988)

It is shown that for certain conditions the concentration of the escaping particles can be related to the space-charge field in the outlet duct. The theory of operation along with a discussion of the sensitivity of the method is presented. The design and performance characteristics of a self-purging field mill are described and preliminary measurements based on field testing are reported. The results of three preliminary tests carried out in an industrial environment confirm the usefulness of the device for monitoring instantaneous emission levels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Review of Instrumentation Technology for the Minnesota Road Research Project (1992)

This report presents a literature review of instrumentation practices for the measurement of stresses, strains,&#13;\nand deflections in pavement structures. Various types of instruments that are commonly employed in&#13;\npavement instrumentation projects are discussed, as well as the factors that influence their performance. In&#13;\na series of laboratory experiments, the performance of three different types of embedment strain gages, two&#13;\nLVDTs, and one soil stress cell are investigated. These experiments are designed to evaluate the accuracy&#13;\nand durability of commercially available transducers. For strain gages, the selection of an appropriate&#13;\ntransducer must balance compliance and measurement sensitivity. All of the strain gages tested in concrete&#13;\ngave reasonable results. It was found that hermetically sealed LVDTs should be sufficient enough for robust&#13;\ninstallations. Experiments with soil stress cells embedded in sand indicate the variability that may be expected&#13;\nin the field due to installation procedures, and emphasize the need for in-soil calibrations. A set of&#13;\nrecommendations are provided with respect tot the sensor procurement and installation specifications for&#13;\nMn/ROAD.
Topics in Multiframe Superresolution Restoration (2022)

Multiframe superresolution restoration refers to methods for still image and video restoration from multiple low-resolution, degraded observed images derived from an underlying scene. These methods extend classical single frame image restoration methods by simultaneously utilizing information from multiple observed images to achieve restoration at resolutions higher than that of the original data. Since multiframe methods are capable of restoring spectral information beyond that which is available in any of the observed images, they are referred to as superresolution methods. Multiframe superresolution restoration methods register the observed images to a common reference frame in order to formulate multiple observed data constraints for a given region of the restoration. The image registration process thus requires knowledge of the visual motion occurring in the observed image sequence. Since this typically is not known, the motion information must be estimated from the observed image sequence in order to effect the restoration process. An exhaustive survey of the multiframe superresolution restoration literature is presented along with some of the necessary background material. A detailed introduction to the problem of motion estimation is also provided. The performance characteristics of a common class of block-matching subpixel motion estimators is examined in an effort to understand the limitations that these motion estimators impose on the performance of multiframe superresolution restoration frameworks. A new Bayesian multiframe superresolution restoration procedure, which computes multiple restored frames simultaneously, is introduced. The proposed method enables the incorporation of temporal as well as spatial constraints on the restored image sequence. A novel approach for incorporating general interframe motion and linear, but spatially-varying, degradations in an observation matrix relating the observed low-resolution image sequence to the unknown restoration is presented. Stemming from the work conducted on multiframe superresolution restoration, the equivalence between two mathematical models describing a pinhole camera used in the computer graphics and computer vision communities is proved.