gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incentive mechanisms for peer-to-peer streaming (2011)

The increasing popularity of high-bandwidth Internet connections has enabled new applications like the online delivery of high-quality audio and video content. Conventional server-client approaches place the entire burden of delivery on the content provider's server, making these services expensive to provide. A peer-to-peer approach allows end users to reduce the burden on the service provider by contributing bandwidth by uploading data they have downloaded to other clients. However, the success of a peer-to-peer system hinges on resources contributed by participants. Unfortunately, studies have shown that end users are often reluctant to contribute resources to the system without a concrete incentive to do so. Our thesis is that a robust incentive mechanism is necessary to encourage nodes to contribute resources to the system, and a receiver-driven architecture with a pairwise incentive mechanism allows for great flexibility, simplicity, robustness, and performance. 
The popular file sharing software BitTorrent is widely used, and includes an incentive mechanism that aims to tie the quality of service a node receives to the amount of resources it contributes. Their incentive mechanism is pairwise, in that nodes only rely on direct first-hand observations eliminating the need for complex distributed algorithms. However, studies have shown that flaws in BitTorrent's incentive mechanism make it vulnerable to gaming. We present SWIFT, our alternative incentive mechanism for BitTorrent-like file sharing applications, and experimentally show that it is more resistant to gaming, while retaining the benefits of a pairwise mechanism. 
Having validated pairwise incentive mechanisms, we turn to our main goal of live streaming. Pairwise mechanisms rely on a bi-directional flow of data between nodes so that nodes may directly penalize neighbors that do not upload data to them. Therefore, traditional tree-based live streaming systems are not amenable to pairwise incentives. We address this with Chainsaw, our peer-to-peer live streaming system based on an unstructured mesh network. Through extensive experimental evaluation we demonstrate that Chainsaw is able to support high-bandwidth streams to a large number of simultaneous receivers with low packet-loss rates over a wide range of network sizes and other system parameters. 
We then build on Chainsaw and present Token Stealing, our pairwise incentive mechanism for peer-to-peer streaming. Through detailed experimental evaluation, we show that our algorithm offers good service to all participants in the network when the system is resource-rich. When the system is resource-constrained, however, nodes that contribute resources receive significantly better service than those that do not. 
Thus, we show that our system is versatile and scalable, offering excellent performance across a wide range of system parameters and network conditions, with a robust incentive mechanism that promotes resource-rich conditions by encouraging nodes to contribute as much bandwidth to the system as they are able.
Generalized Correlation for Gas/Solid Mass-Transfer Coefficients in Metallic and Ceramic Foams (2007)

A previous investigation of gas/solid mass transfer in metallic foams with high void fractions has been extended to ceramic foams with higher relative densities by means of CO combustion tests in the diffusion-limited regime over Pd/α-Al2O3 washcoated foams. A simple cubic-cell model consisting of a framework of connected struts was preferred to an analogy with packed beds to approximate the complex cellular structure of the foams. Accordingly, in the analysis of mass-transfer data, the strut diameter was adopted as the reference length in dimensionless parameters. Also, the interstitial velocity, umax, was identified as a more adequate flow parameter than the superficial velocity, which emphasizes the analogy with heat transfer in flow across bundles of tubes. Following this approach, a generalized correlation was obtained that nicely fits the mass-transfer data of both ceramic and metallic foams, covering a range of void fractions from 0.84 to 0.95 and a range of Remax values from 15 to 200.
Pumped-Storage Hydropower Operation Scheduling Method for Net Load Ramp Leveling (2019)

This paper presents a practical method for operation scheduling of pumped-storage hydro in power systems with a high share of renewables. Integrating large shares of variable renewables can lead to a crucial increase of flexibility requirements for the power system operation. The pumped-storage hydro has significant potential in providing flexibility benefits on the power systems with high penetrations of renewables. The proposed method can solve a net load ramp leveling problem that the maximum upward/ downward net load ramps are minimized by the pumped-storage hydro operation. The method can provide a flexible ramping capacity based on the duration curve models of net load ramps regarding operational reserve requirements. Since the method is based on Dynamic Programming, a possible net load ramp leveling can be effectively provided. Effectiveness of the proposed method is numerically shown for a typical power supply and demand balance operational planning problem with a high share of renewables.
Enhanced Capacities of Mixed Fatty Acid-Modified Sawdust Aggregators for Remediation of Crude Oil Spill (2019)

Mixed fatty acid-modified aggregators have been developed as potential crude oil sorbents. Cheap pine wood flour was first modified with oleic acid (OA) and further modified with a second fatty acid by a leaving group chemistry, where a surface hydroxyl group is first replaced by <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonyl group and a fatty acid forms a covalent bond on sawdust surface through esterification at the elevated temperature (55 °C). Two OA-modified base materials, pine/OA-106 and pine/OA-124, with different OA-coverages were first prepared and the second fatty acids with C3, C6, C8, C10, C12, C14, or C16 alkyl chains were applied to cover the remaining surface hydroxyl groups. The crude oil sorption capacities of the mixed fatty acid-modified aggregators were studied and compared with those of the base materials. The results showed that mixed fatty acid-modified aggregators increased up to 45.6% more crude oil sorption than those of OA-modified base materials. A correlation between surface property and sorption capacity was studied by moisture sorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, <sup>13</sup>C cross polarization and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, thermal gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. To our knowledge, no report has been published for mixed fatty acid-modified herders or aggregators in the environmental remediation.
High Q femtoREGENTMUC laser systems for industrial microprocessing applications (2012)

High average power, high repetition rate femtosecond lasers with &mu;J pulse energies are increasingly used for bio-medical and material processing applications. With the introduction of femtosecond laser systems such as the High Q femtoREGEN<sup>TM</sup> UC platform, micro-processing of solid targets with femtosecond laser pulses have obtained new perspectives for industrial applications. The unique advantage of material processing with sub-picosecond lasers is efficient, fast and localized energy deposition, which leads to high ablation efficiency and accuracy in nearly all kinds of solid materials. In this paper, we will show aspects of the design and performance of the femtoREGEN<sup>TM</sup> UC industrial laser system and give an overview of actual applications.
Effect of Mineral-Oil Addition on Film Stability of Polar Lipid Constituents Derived from Meibum (2020)

We studied the effects of mineral oil (MO) on the properties and structure of a spread monolayer of polar lipid constituents in meibum, by performing cyclic lateral compression-expansion experiments using a Langmuir trough. A meibum sample without nonpolar lipids (meibumΔnonpolar-lipid) was prepared by removing the nonpolar lipids from biological meibum extruded from rabbit eyelids and spread on a water surface for measuring the cyclic surface pressure (π)-film area (A) isotherms with in situ observation of the film morphology using a Brewster angle microscope. The meibumΔnonpolar-lipid formed a homogeneous fluid monolayer and underwent collapse upon compression. The π-A isotherm shifted to a smaller area upon repeating the compression-expansion cycles. These observations contrasted those obtained for meibum previously, which may have resulted from the absence of nonpolar lipids. The recovery of the film stability against the lateral compression-expansion cycles was analyzed by adding MO as a nonpolar compound to the film system. A spread film of 1:1 mixture (by weight) could recover the high reversibility of the π-A isotherms during the repeated compression and expansion processes.
Enzymes, Enolate Reductases “Old Yellow Enzyme” (2010)

Abstract Reported enoate reductase activity is mostly displayed by enzymes belonging to the “Old Yellow Enzyme” family of flavoproteins. They have received increased interest over the last couple of years due to their huge potential in biocatalysis. These FMN‐containing enzymes catalyze the asymmetric reduction of activated C═C bonds at the expense of a nicotinamide cofactor, producing up to two chiral centers. They are also involved in other reductive processes, such as cleavage of nitrate esters, reduction of aromatic nitro groups, and even reduction of alkynes. Increasing knowledge about this family of biocatalysts together with recent advances in biotechnology render the enoate reductases a tool of choice for industrial applications, as catalyzed reactions are usually chemo‐, regio‐ and stereo‐selective, and the enzymes most importantly display a wide substrate spectrum. With enzymatic reactions and mechanisms being generally clearly understood, the efficient production of a number of enantiopure compounds via recycling of the cofactor is now feasible.
A survey of dynamically adaptable protocol stacks (2010)

The continuous development of new networking standards over the last decade has resulted in an unprecedented proliferation of interfacing technologies and their associated protocol stacks. Never before was such a wide gamut of network architectures, protocol configurations and deployment options available to network designers. Alas, this significant increase in flexibility has come at the cost of an increased complexity in network management tasks, particularly with regard to the accommodation of performance requirements. Especially in mobile settings, this is due to the greater probability of unforeseen communication contexts that renders the efficient provisioning of multiple dissimilar protocol stacks a challenging task. To address this unpredictability, several approaches based on the dynamic adaptation of protocol stacks during runtime have been proposed and investigated over the years. This article surveys major research efforts dealing with the introduction of a dynamic adaptation capacity into protocol stack subsystems. To this end, we present the respective architectures with a focus on their functional entities and their particular mode of operation. Most importantly, we elaborate on the various design approaches to adaptability and the entailed degree of coupling between protocol stack-and layer-entities and their impact on resource allocation models. Furthermore, we classify these research efforts according to a taxonomy for non-monolithic protocol stacks and discuss design trade-offs inherent in each class. We conclude the article with a summary of the key design principles for adaptable protocol stack architectures.
Transport Properties of LiPF[sub 6]-Based Li-Ion Battery Electrolytes (2005)

The electrolyte plays an important role in governing the high-current performance of Li-ion batteries. Normally, battery electrolytes are optimized for maximum conductivity. In order to gain a more profound understanding of the role of the electrolyte, properties such as the Li salt diffusion coefficient, the transference number, and the Li salt activity all need to be measured in addition to the conductivity. The situation is further complicated by the fact that high currents change the cell temperature and also create strong concentration gradients in the electrolyte. A full set of transport properties for in a propylene carbonate/ethylene carbonate/dimethyl/carbonate mixture were measured as a function of temperature and concentration. The transference number was found to be fairly constant with concentration. The activity and diffusion coefficient were both found to vary strongly with temperature and concentration. The temperature dependence of the transport properties is shown to be crucial for making predictions of cell performance at high currents.
Laser-assisted chemical etching of copper (1988)

Copper films several microns thick can be rapidly etched (0.1–0.5 μm/s) in a chlorine atmosphere using 308 nm pulsed excimer laser radiation. Etch rates exhibit a practical threshold of ∼0.1 J/cm2 and saturate above 0.3 J/cm2. The etching mechanism involves reaction of copper and chlorine in the time between the laser pulses to form a nonstoichiometric chloride which is thermally ablated by the laser. Photochemical effects appear to be unimportant. The etch rate increases roughly as the square root of the laser pulse rate, suggesting that reactive diffusion is a limiting factor. As the substrate temperature increases, the etch rate rises, then falls, indicating the competition of processes such as adsorption, desorption, and reaction of chlorine molecules on copper chloride surfaces. A simple model based on chemical kinetics suggests that the copper-chlorine reaction at pressures above 0.1 Torr is controlled by a physisorbed intermediate state.
Online constraint network optimization for efficient maximum likelihood map learning (2008)

In this paper, we address the problem of incrementally optimizing constraint networks for maximum likelihood map learning. Our approach allows a robot to efficiently compute configurations of the network with small errors while the robot moves through the environment. We apply a variant of stochastic gradient descent and use a tree-based parameterization of the nodes in the network. By integrating adaptive learning rates in the parameterization of the network, our algorithm can use previously computed solutions to determine the result of the next optimization run. Additionally, our approach updates only the parts of the network which are affected by the newly incorporated measurements and starts the optimization approach only if the new data reveals inconsistencies with the network constructed so far. These improvements yield an efficient solution for this class of online optimization problems. Our approach has been implemented and tested on simulated and on real data. We present comparisons to recently proposed online and offline methods that address the problem of optimizing constraint network. Experiments illustrate that our approach converges faster to a network configuration with small errors than the previous approaches.
Reservoir Characterization during UBD: Methodology and Active Tests (2003)

Abstract In this paper methodologies for reservoir characterization during underbalanced drilling is presented. In these methodologies we are using a transient wellflow model coupled to a transient reservoir model, and use estimation techniques to estimate reservoir properties. Our focus is to estimate the permeability and reservoir pressure along the well, using measured data usually available while drilling. The measured data are outlet rates, pump pressure and downhole pressure. The liquid injection and gas injection rates are used as input to the model. The methodologies are applied to synthetic cases.
Failure Analysis Tools, Models, and Physics of Failure (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: FA Techniques for Evaluation of ESD Events FA Tools ESD Simulation: ESD Pulse Models Electro-Thermal Physical Models Statistical Models for ESD Prediction Closing Comments and Summary Problems References
Indanesulfonamides as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Toward Structure-Based Design of Selective Inhibitors of the Tumor-Associated Isozyme CA IX (2006)

Carbonic anhydrases are ubiquitous metalloenzymes which are involved in fundamental processes (i.e., acid-base regulation, respiration, calcification, etc.). The carbonic anhydrase isozyme IX becomes an interesting pharmacological target due to its overexpression in cancer and its absence in normal tissue. Therefore, several indanesulfonamides were synthesized and tested for their inhibition both against the human CA IX and against two other biologically relevant isozymes (CA I and II). Structure-activity relationships are discussed and point out different compounds for its selectivity and activity against CA IX. To establish preliminary hypothesis for the design of new isozyme-selective CA IX inhibitors, we conducted molecular modeling. We describe here the first human CA IX model built by homology with another CA isozyme already crystallized. Docking studies were performed to explore the binding mode of our indanesulfonamide derivatives.
Activation and assembly of the NADPH oxidase: a structural perspective (2005)

The NADPH oxidase of professional phagocytes is a crucial component of the innate immune response due to its fundamental role in the production of reactive oxygen species that act as powerful microbicidal agents. The activity of this multi-protein enzyme is dependent on the regulated assembly of the six enzyme subunits at the membrane where oxygen is reduced to superoxide anions. In the resting state, four of the enzyme subunits are maintained in the cytosol, either through auto-inhibitory interactions or through complex formation with accessory proteins that are not part of the active enzyme complex. Multiple inputs are required to disrupt these inhibitory interactions and allow translocation to the membrane and association with the integral membrane components. Protein interaction modules are key regulators of NADPH oxidase assembly, and the protein-protein interactions mediated via these domains have been the target of numerous studies. Many models have been put forward to describe the intricate network of reversible protein interactions that regulate the activity of this enzyme, but an all-encompassing model has so far been elusive. An important step towards an understanding of the molecular basis of NADPH oxidase assembly and activity has been the recent solution of the three-dimensional structures of some of the oxidase components. We will discuss these structures in the present review and attempt to reconcile some of the conflicting models on the basis of the structural information available.
Evidence for Charge Transfer at the Interface between Hybrid Phosphomolybdate and Epitaxial Graphene (2016)

The interfacing of polyoxometalates and graphene can be considered to be an innovative way to generate hybrid structures that take advantage of the properties of both components. Polyoxometalates are redox-sensitive and photosensitive compounds with high temperature stability (up to 400 °C for some), showing tunable properties depending on the metal incorporated inside the complex. Graphene has a unique electronic band structure combined with good material properties for electrical and optical applications. The spontaneous, rather than electrochemical, functionalization of epitaxial graphene on SiC with Keggin phosphomolybdate derivative TBA3[PMo11O39{Sn(C6H4)C≡C(C6H4)N2}] (named K(Mo)Sn[N2(+)]) bearing a phenyl diazonium unit is investigated. Graphene decoration is evidenced by means of AFM, Raman, XPS, and cyclic voltammetry, indicating a successful immobilization of the polyoxomolybdate. The covalent bonding of the polyoxometalate to the graphene substrate can be deduced from the appearance of a D band in the Raman spectra and from the loss of mobility in the electrical conduction. High-resolution XPS spectra reveal an electron transfer from the graphene to the Mo complex. The comparison of charge-carrier density measurements before and after grafting supports the p-type doping effect, which is further evidenced by work function UPS measurements.
Roles of protein arginine methylation in DNA damage signaling pathways (2011)

Comment on: Lee YH, et al. Genes Dev 2011; 25:176-88.
Left ventricular assist devices: current controversies and future directions (2015)

Advanced heart failure is a growing epidemic that leads to significant suffering and economic losses. The development of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) has led to improved quality of life and long-term survival for patients diagnosed with this devastating condition. This review briefly summarizes the short history and clinical outcomes of LVADs and focuses on the current controversies and issues facing LVAD therapy. Finally, the future directions for the role of LVADs in the treatment of end-stage heart failure are discussed.
Reproducible shape control of single-crystal SnO micro particles (2016)

A straightforward method for synthesizing well-defined four-petal starfish-like single-crystalline SnO micro particles in an organic medium with various oleylamine concentrations was examined.
Optimal Solution of a Target Defense Game with Two defenders and a Faster Intrude (2020)

A target defense game with two defenders and a faster intruder is solved based on the classic differential game theory. In the game, the intruder seeks to enter a circular target area, while the defenders endeavor to capture it outside of the target. Under the faster intruder assumption, the game has two phases, where the optimal trajectories are straight and curved, respectively. In the second phase, a peculiar phenomenon exists where the intruder moves at the edge of one defender’s capture region, yet this defender cannot force capture. Because of this, the terminal states of the game are singular, therefore the standard method of integrating optimal trajectories from terminal states is not applicable. The way to circumvent this singularity is to solve the optimal trajectories of a two-player game between the intruder and the closer defender, and assemble them with the trajectory of the other defender. The key contribution of this paper is the solution of the intruder-closer-defender subgame against a circular target area. In the vector field of the optimal trajectories, two singular surfaces and a singular point are observed. Each singular surface indicates a discontinuity in the closer defender’s control, while the singular point represents a situation where the target is successfully protected by a single defender. The complete solution of the two-defender game is solved based on the result of the intruder-closer-defender subgame. The proposed solution is verified through a special case where the capture range is zero. This verification also presents a simpler approach of solving the zero capture range problem.
Microstructure and Properties of Laser‐Clad Mo2NiB2 Cermet Coating on Steel Substrate (2014)

Abstract A Mo 2 NiB 2 cermet coating on steel substrate was fabricated by laser cladding technique. The laser cladding samples were subjected to various microstructure examinations, hardness, and wear and corrosion tests. The results showed that a continuous, dense and adherent laser‐clad coating was formed on the steel substrate. The coating consisted of γ‐(Fe, Ni) as a metallic matrix binder and Mo 2 NiB 2 particles as a reinforced phase distributed uniformly in the microstructure. Average hardness of the coating up to 700 HV was significantly higher than that of the matrix 150 HV. The coating exhibited a dry‐sliding wear resistance that was increased by about 6 times relative to the steel substrate. Extensive pits formation on the surface and through the inner part had taken place for 304 stainless steel, while it disappeared in the coating.