gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of growth–defense trade‐offs in a common currency: nitrogen required for phenolamide biosynthesis is not derived from ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase turnover (2013)

Induced defenses are thought to be economical: growth and fitness-limiting resources are only invested into defenses when needed. To date, this putative growth-defense trade-off has not been quantified in a common currency at the level of individual compounds. Here, a quantification method for ¹⁵N-labeled proteins enabled a direct comparison of nitrogen (N) allocation to proteins, specifically, ribulose-1,5-bisposphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), as proxy for growth, with that to small N-containing defense metabolites (nicotine and phenolamides), as proxies for defense after herbivory. After repeated simulated herbivory, total N decreased in the shoots of wild-type (WT) Nicotiana attenuata plants, but not in two transgenic lines impaired in jasmonate defense signaling (irLOX3) and phenolamide biosynthesis (irMYB8). N was reallocated among different compounds within elicited rosette leaves: in the WT, a strong decrease in total soluble protein (TSP) and RuBisCO was accompanied by an increase in defense metabolites, irLOX3 showed a similar, albeit attenuated, pattern, whereas irMYB8 rosette leaves were the least responsive to elicitation, with overall higher levels of RuBisCO. Induced defenses were higher in the older compared with the younger rosette leaves, supporting the hypothesis that tissue developmental stage influences defense investments. We propose that MYB8, probably by regulating the production of phenolamides, indirectly mediates protein pool sizes after herbivory. Although the decrease in absolute N invested in TSP and RuBisCO elicited by simulated herbivory was much larger than the N-requirements of nicotine and phenolamide biosynthesis, ¹⁵N flux studies revealed that N for phenolamide synthesis originates from recently assimilated N, rather than from RuBisCO turnover.
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATIVES OF CONDENSED SYSTEMS OF PYRIMIDINE, PYRAZINE, AND PYRIDINE. XXXV. EACTION OF O‐AMINOMERCAPTOPYRAZINES AND QUINOXALINES WITH HALO KETO AC D ESTERS (1977)

Abstract Die Aminomercaptochinoxaline (I) reagieren mit Chloracetessigestern (II) und (V) über die Zwischenstufen (III) und (VI) zu den Chinoxalinothiazinen (IV) und (VII).
Antitick potential and chemical variability among Ageratum conyzoides L. germplasms collected from Eastern and Western Ghats of India (2019)

Ageratum conyzoides L. is a common weed in many tropical and subtropical countries including India. The present study aimed to evaluate the antitick potential using Adult Immersion Test (AIT) and variability of its phytoconstituents with the developed HPTLC method in germplasms collected from Eastern and Western Ghats of India. Percent tick mortality at 8% concentration ranged from 10.0 ± 0.2 to 85.0 ± 2.9. Precocene I content ranged from 0.0004% to 0.072%, Precocene II content varied from 0.001% to 0.035%, and Caryophyllene oxide content was found to range from 0.0001% to 0.0023% in crude drug. Precocene II was positively correlated (coefficient = 0.656) with tick mortality (%) in the germplasm collected from Western Ghats. However, in Eastern Ghat samples, Precocene I was positively correlated (coefficient = 0.550) with per cent tick mortality. There is significant variation in marker compound content as well as antitick activity of the extracts; however, a direct correlation among marker compounds and antitick activity was not observed. This indicates there may be some other phytomolecules responsible for antitick activity of the extract. This study will lead to a potential source of quality raw material for the industry in developing herbal acaricide.
The Quality Business (2002)

This book is the first to seriously consider quality issues in smaller firms, based upon well-conducted research and careful theorizing. Subjects covered include:* the relevance of formal quality standards such as BS 5750 to small firms* definitions and implementations of 'quality' in a business context, from formal standards to Total Quality Management* interviews with a selected sample of over 150 owner-managers* detailed case studies of small firms* analysis of self-generated quality strategies* the variety of formal methods of quality control.
Rewriting of rules containing set terms in a logic data language LDL (1988)

We propose compilation methods for supporting set terms in Horn clause programs, without using general-purpose set matching algorithms, which tend to run in times exponential in the size of the participating sets Instead, we take the approach of formulating specialized computation plans that, by taking advantage of information available in the given rules, limit the number of alternatives explored. Our strategy is to employ compile time rewriting techniques and to transform the problem into an “ordinary” Horn clause compilation problem, with minimal additional overhead. The execution cost of the rewritten rules is substantially lower than that of the original rules and the additional cost of compilation can thus be amortized over many executions
A New Lithium Salt with a Chelate Complex of Phosphorus for Lithium Battery Electrolytes (1999)

A new salt, lithium tris[1,2‐benenediolato(2)‐O,O']phosphate, was synthesized and utilized in battery electrolytes for cells. This salt has a hexacoordinated chelate‐type phosphorus anion produced from a pentacoordinated organophosphorus compound as a useful intermediate. It is thermally stable due to the chelating effect with the bidentate ligands of the anion which is a feature distinct from the common battery salt . The thermal decomposition temperature is higher than that of the pentacoordinated intermediate, and the decomposition process is proven to occur in two steps with release of the benzene moiety from the anion. The specific conductivity in an ethylene carbonate‐tetrahydrofuran binary mixture (mole fraction of tetrahydrofuran is 0.7) is somewhat low, which can be explained by their high viscosities based on the large anion size. In spite of the low conductivity, the discharge capacity approaches the theoretical value, and a high energy density is obtained for a cell discharged to a cutoff potential of vs. . ©1999 The Electrochemical Society
Caveolin‐3 is not an integral component of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (1998)

The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex is a multi-subunit protein complex that spans the muscle plasma membrane (sarcolemma) and forms a link between the intracellular cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. Caveolin-3, the muscle specific form of caveolin, is also a major structural and regulatory integral membrane protein found at the sarcolemma. Oligomers of caveolin-3 form the structural framework for small membrane pockets known as caveolae. We directly examined whether caveolin-3 is an integral component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex by examining four common biochemical and cellular properties of proteins integrally bound to the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. We found that caveolin-3 de-enriches with partial purification of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex although a small amount of caveolin-3 is present. Sucrose gradient fractionation and laminin affinity chromatography completely separate this residual caveolin-3 from the core components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. We also show that caveolin-3 expression at the sarcolemma is not reduced in patients with primary mutations in either dystrophin or the sarcoglycans. This data demonstrates that localization of caveolin-3 to the sarcolemma occurs independently of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and that caveolin-3 is not an integral component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex.
Nanofabrication of ultra-low reflectivity black silicon surfaces and devices (Presentation Recording) (2015)

Optical devices with features exhibiting ultra low reflectivity on the order of 10-7 specular reflectance in the visible spectrum are required for coronagraph instruments and some spectrometers employed in space research. Nanofabrication technologies have been developed to produce such devices with various shapes and feature dimensions to meet these requirements. Infrared reflection is also suppressed significantly with chosen wafers and processes. Particularly, devices with very high (&gt;0.9) and very low reflectivity (&lt;10-7) on adjacent areas have been fabricated and characterized. Significantly increased surface area due to the long needle like nano structures also provides some unique applications in other technology areas. We present some of the approaches, challenges and achieved results in producing and characterizing such devices currently employed in laboratory testbeds and instruments.
Evaluation of a Novel Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Detecting Coxiella burnetii -Specific Immunoglobulin G for Q Fever Prevaccination Screening and Diagnosis (2002)

A novel commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for prevaccination screening and diagnosis of Q fever (PanBio Coxiella burnetii immunoglobulin G [IgG] ELISA) was compared to the complement fixation test (CFT), and the indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT) was used to resolve discrepant results between the other two tests. A total of 214 serum samples was tested. The ELISA demonstrated a specificity of 96% (46 of 48 samples) and a sensitivity of 71% (95 of 134 samples). Of the six serum pairs showing CFT seroconversion, three pairs showed a corresponding ELISA seroconversion. No cross-reactivity was observed in the ELISA with serum samples from patients with mycoplasma, brucella, and chlamydia infections. One of the 13 patients with leptospirosis demonstrated a positive result in the ELISA but not in the CFT or the IFAT, and Legionella pneumophila serogroup 4 antibody was found in one of the two sera that were false-positive by ELISA. The results presented in this study suggest that the PanBio Q fever IgG ELISA is a specific alternative method for prevaccination testing and an aid for the diagnosis of Q fever. This test is suitable for use as a screening assay, with CFT and/or IFAT used to confirm negative results.
Wechselwirkung zwischen den nichtbindenden Orbitalen von α‐Dicarbonylsystemen und π‐ oder Walsh‐Orbitalen (1977)

Doppelbindungen und oder Dreiringe , die durch zwei σ‐Bindungen von 1.2‐Dicarbonylsystemen entfernt sind, haben einen überraschend starken Einfluß auf die Wechselwirkung zwischen den nichtbindenden Orbitalen des C 2 O 2 ‐Teils von Molekülen wie (1)–(5) . magnified image
RF MEMs variable capacitors for tunable filters (1999)

An RF MEMs (microelectromechanical system) variable capacitor has been demonstrated with a 22:1 tuning range, tuning from 1.5 to 33.2 pF of capacitance. This capacitor was constructed using bistable MEMs membrane capacitors with individual tuning ranges of 70:1 to 100:1, control voltages in the 30–55 V range, switching speeds less than 10 μS, and operating frequencies as high as 40 GHz. These devices may eventually provide a viable alternative to electronic varactors with improved tuning range and lower loss. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 9: 362–374, 1999.
B103 Field Test of Newly Developed Turbo Heat Pump for Hot Water (2010)

Reduction of CO_2 emissions and energy saving are the urgent issues for many fields of industries at present. Hot water, occupying considerable energy consumption rate in the whole industry, is generally generated using combustion gas being higher than 1,000 centigrade at boilers. However, the temperature loss is large at boiler process. Accordingly, we thought that energy saving could be accomplished if hot water could be generated using heat pumps. This presentation reports field test of a newly developed turbo heat pump for hot water in an actual factory. The heat pump is characterized by high efficiency and large amount of heat output, which equals approximately steam of 1,000 kg/hour, using turbo compressor. As a result of the field test, it was confirmed that the performance of the heat pump was the same as that of design.
Vitreous humor hypoxanthine levels in SIDS and infectious death (2008)

Hypoxanthine concentrations in vitreous humor were determined in 107 cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and compared with levels in 4 cases of borderline SIDS, 26 cases of infectious death and 16 cases of sudden violent death. The hypoxanthine measurements were made using a high-performance liquid chromatography method. The hypoxanthine levels were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in SIDS than in violent deaths, while no significant difference was found between SIDS and infectious deaths. The present report demonstrates a similar distribution pattern of hypoxanthine levels in vitreous humor in SIDS and infectious death. We have previously described signs of immune stimulation both in peripheral organs and in the central nervous system in these conditions. This indicates that the death mechanism in SIDS has some similarities with infectious death.
Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance Genes in the Plant Pathogen Dickeya dadantii (2016)

Gram-negative bacteria can modify their lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) to resist antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Soft-rot enterobacteria (Dickeya and Pectobacterium spp.) possess homologues of the dlt genes in their genomes which, in Gram-positive bacteria, are involved in resistance to AMPs. In this study, we show that these genes confer resistance to AMPs, probably by modifying LPSs, and that they are required for the fitness of the bacteria during plant infection. Two other new genes involved in resistance were also analyzed. These results show that bacterial resistance to AMPs can occur in bacteria through many different mechanisms that need to be characterized.
Solid-Phase Extraction of Pb (II) Ions Based on L-Cysteine Functionalized Fe3O4/SiO2 Core-Shell Nanoparticles (2016)

A paramagnetic solid-phase nanoextractant, L-Cysteine functionalized Fe3O4/SiO2 (FSAC), was assembled for separating Pb2+ from wastewater. L-Cysteine molecules were fixed on the surface of Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles by aminopropyl-silane. The properties of the nanoextractant were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It was shown that FSAC particles are sphere-like, are 20 nm in size, and have good paramagnetic properties. The FSAC nanoextractant shows good adsorption, excellent adsorption kinetics, wide acidic resistance, and high saturated adsorption capacity beyond 234 mg·g−1, reached within 30 min. The applied nanoextractant can be completely recovered in a 1.0-M HCl/0.5% thiourea mixing solution within 5 min, but maintain over 92% adsorption when recycled 6 times.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL ACYLATION OF ALIPHATIC OLEFINS PROMOTED BY ACTIVE ZINC COMPOUNDS (1983)

Abstract Cyclohexen (I) und Säurechloride (II) reagieren unter Katalyse durch aktive Zinkverbindungen, die z.B. aus Zn/Cu mit Alkyliodiden in situ hergestellt werden, zu den Cyclohexenyl‐ketonen (III).
A comparison of selected nutrient intakes derived from three diet assessment methods used in a low-fat maintenance trial (1998)

Results of this study indicate that the FFQ overestimated dietary intake. Energy and nutrient results obtained from the records and recalls were interchangeable. However, based on smaller SDs around the means, it appears that the recalls may perform slightly better in estimating dietary intake in groups such as these well-educated, highly compliant men.
Lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2) Attenuates Polymicrobial Sepsis with LPS Preconditioning (LPS Tolerance) in FcGRIIb Deficient Lupus Mice (2019)

In patients with active lupus, spontaneous endotoxemia and possibly tolerance to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potentially adverse complication. Similarly, previous reports have demonstrated that FcGRIIb deficient mice (FcGRIIb-/-; a lupus mouse model) are susceptible to LPS tolerance-induced decreased cytokine responses that inadequate for the organismal control. Thus, understanding the relationship between FcGRIIb and LPS tolerance could improve the therapeutic strategy for lupus. LPS tolerance can be induced through sequential LPS stimulations in either cells or a model organism. In RAW264.7 (a mouse macrophage cell-line), sequential LPS stimulation induced the secretion of Lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2) despite reduced cytokine secretion and severe energy depletion, as measured by the extracellular flux analysis, typical of LPS tolerance. In contrast, treatment with recombinant Lcn-2 (rLcn-2) attenuated LPS tolerance, as shown by an increase in secreted cytokines and altered macrophage polarization toward M1 (increased <i>iNOS</i> and <i>TNF-α</i>) in RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest a role of Lcn-2 in LPS tolerance attenuation. In bone marrow derived macrophages, Lcn-2 level was similar in LPS tolerant FcGRIIb-/- and wild-type (WT) cells despite the increased LPS tolerance of FcGRIIb-/- cells, suggesting relatively low basal levels of Lcn-2 produced in FcGRIIb-/- cells. In addition, attenuation of LPS tolerance effectuated by granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) reduced Lcn-2 in both cell types, implying an inverse correlation between Lcn-2 and the severity of LPS tolerance. Consequently, rLcn-2 improved LPS tolerance only in FcGRIIb-/- macrophages and attenuated disease severity of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis pre-conditioning with sequential LPS injection (LPS-CLP model) only in FcGRIIb-/- mice, but not in WT mice. To summarize, inadequate Lcn-2 production in FcGRIIb-/- macrophage might, at least in part, be responsible for the inordinate LPS tolerance compared with WT cells. Additionally, supplementation of rLcn-2 attenuates LPS tolerance in FcGRIIb-/- macrophages in vitro, and in FcGRIIb-/- mice with LPS-CLP sepsis in vivo. In conclusion, Lcn-2 secreted by macrophages is possibly an autocrine signal to counter the reduced cytokine secretion in LPS tolerance.
Modeling of F‐region ionospheric upflows observed by EISCAT (1996)

High‐latitude ionospheric bulk parameter profiles measured with the European Incoherent Scatter Radar (EISCAT) system are modeled with a modified version of the Field Line Interhemispheric Plasma (FLIP) code. Three observed profiles of field‐aligned ion velocities, densities, and ion and electron temperatures for the altitude range 200–800 km are modeled as influenced by the effects of soft (&lt;1 keV) auroral electron precipitation, convection‐driven frictional ion heating, and downward magnetospheric electron heat fluxes. Favorable matches between the observed and modeled profiles with reasonable precipitation, convection, and downward electron heat flux parameters suggest that soft electron precipitation, together with magnetospheric electron heat fluxes, are the primary drivers of the normal ionospheric F‐region upflows observed at high latitudes.
Facile Formation of Uniform Shell‐Crosslinked Nanoparticles with Built‐in Functionalities from N‐Hydroxysuccinimide‐Activated Amphiphilic Block Copolymers (2008)

Abstract An amphiphilic block copolymer, poly(methylacrylate) 82 ‐ block ‐poly( N ‐(acryloyloxy)succinimide 0.29 ‐ co ‐( N ‐acryloylmorpholine) 0.71 ) 155 (PMA 82 ‐ b ‐P(NAS 0.29 ‐ co ‐NAM 0.71 ) 155 ), was synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and then was supramolecularly assembled into micelles in aqueous solution, followed by chemical crosslinking throughout the shell region upon the introduction of 2,2′‐(ethylenedioxy)‐bis(ethylamine) as a crosslinker to afford well‐defined shell crosslinked nanoparticles (SCKs). The number‐averaged hydrodynamic diameters of the micelles and SCKs were (17 ± 4) nm and (16 ± 3) nm, respectively, by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and (15 ± 2) nm and (13 ± 2) nm, respectively, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In an attempt to narrow the particle size distributions, the dodecyl trithiocarbonate chain end of the block copolymer was replaced by a 2‐cyanoisopropyl moiety. Each nanoparticle system was characterized by DLS, electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), TEM, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). SAXS was of particular importance, as it provided definitive observation and quantification of shell contraction and densification upon shell crosslinking. The direct incorporation of NAS into the block copolymers during their preparation allowed for unique crosslinking chemistry to proceed with added diamino crosslinkers. The primary advantages of this system include the ability to conduct in situ synthesis of SCKs that are crosslinked directly and derivatized easily by adding nucleophilic ligands before, during, or after the crosslinking.
Status and challenges of residential and industrial non-intrusive load monitoring (2015)

Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) is the process of identification of loads from an aggregate power interface using disaggregation algorithms. This paper identifies the current status, methodologies and challenges of NILM in residential and industrial settings. NILM has advanced substantially in recent years due to improvement in algorithms and methodologies. Currently, the important challenges facing residential NILM are inaccessibility of electricity meter high sampling data, and lack of reliable high resolution datasets. For industrial NILM the identification is more challenging due to increased number of loads and the variability of equipment type, temporal patterns and industrial secrecy. From our examination of data and its use in NILM, we observe that the number of devices that can be recognized and the training period required to achiever recognition is not only a function of the algorithms but more importantly is a function of sampling rates.
Binary tree SVM based framework for mining fatigue induced damage attributes in complex lug joints (2008)

Research is being conducted in damage diagnosis and prognosis to develop state awareness models and residual useful life estimates of aerospace structures. This work describes a methodology using Support Vector Machines (SVMs), organized in a binary tree structure to classify the extent of a growing crack in lug joints. A lug joint is a common aerospace 'hotspot' where fatigue damage is highly probable. The test specimen was instrumented with surface mounted piezoelectric transducers and then subjected to fatigue load until failure. A Matching Pursuit Decomposition (MPD) algorithm was used to preprocess the sensor data and extract the input vectors used in classification. The results of this classification scheme show that this type of architecture works well for categorizing fatigue induced damage (crack) in a computationally efficient manner. However, due to the nature of the overlap of the collected data patterns, a classifier at each node in the binary tree is limited by the performance of the classifier that is higher up in the tree.
Hydrogen Storage by Reversible Metal Hydride Formation (2016)

Strengths and weaknesses of the reversible storage of hydrogen by sorption processes of solids are presented for three categories: (i) formation of interstitial metal hydrides of intermetallic compounds reversible close to ambient temperature and pressure, (ii) formation of complex hydrides of metallic and nonmetallic host compounds requiring elevated temperatures for reversibility, and (iii) physisorption of molecular hydrogen at high specific surface area materials at low temperatures. Thermodynamic, structural, kinetic and catalytic, as well as electronic aspects are summarized and commercialized, and potential future applications are addressed.