gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of AMPA receptor desensitization in short‐term synaptic depression at the calyx of Held in developing rats (2008)

Paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and depression (PPD) are forms of short-term plasticity that are generally thought to reflect changes in transmitter release probability. However, desensitization of postsynaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs) significantly contributes to PPD at many glutamatergic synapses. To clarify the involvement of AMPAR desensitization in synaptic PPD, we compared PPD with AMPAR desensitization, induced by paired-pulse glutamate application in patches excised from postsynaptic cells at the calyx of Held synapse of developing rats. We found that AMPAR desensitization contributed significantly to PPD before the onset of hearing (P10-12), but that its contribution became negligible after hearing onset. During postnatal development (P7-21) the recovery of AMPARs from desensitization became faster. Concomitantly, glutamate sensitivity of AMPAR desensitization declined. Single-cell reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated a developmental decline of GluR1 expression that correlated with speeding of the recovery of AMPARs from desensitization. Transmitter release probability declined during the second postnatal week (P7-14). Manipulation of the extracellular Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio, to match release probability at P7-8 and P13-15 synapses, revealed that the release probability is also an important factor determining the involvement of AMPAR desensitization in PPD. We conclude that the extent of involvement of AMPAR desensitization in short-term synaptic depression is determined by both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms.
Face recognition and verification with pose and illumination variations and imposter rejection (2005)

We address rejection-classification problems, which have been ignored in most prior work. For such a system, a high classification rate and a low false alarm rate are simultaneously desired. We first propose a one-class support vector representation machine (SVRM). The SVRM achieves a high test set detection rate by requiring a high training set detection rate; the SVRM reduces the false alarm rate by minimizing the upper bound of the decision region. The SVRM is then extended to a new support vector representation and discrimination machine (SVRDM) classifier to address multiple-class cases. The theoretical basis for our new SVRDM as best at rejection of non-objects (imposters in face recognition) is provided, as are new &#963; parameter selection methods. Test results on face recognition and verification with both pose and illumination variations are presented.
Advanced 3-D analysis, client-server systems, and cloud computing-Integration of cardiovascular imaging data into clinical workflows of transcatheter aortic valve replacement. (2013)

Degenerative aortic stenosis is highly prevalent in the aging populations of industrialized countries and is associated with poor prognosis. Surgical valve replacement has been the only established treatment with documented improvement of long-term outcome. However, many of the older patients with aortic stenosis (AS) are high-risk or ineligible for surgery. For these patients, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a treatment alternative. The TAVR procedure is characterized by a lack of visualization of the operative field. Therefore, pre- and intra-procedural imaging is critical for patient selection, pre-procedural planning, and intra-operative decision-making. Incremental to conventional angiography and 2-D echocardiography, multidetector computed tomography (CT) has assumed an important role before TAVR. The analysis of 3-D CT data requires extensive post-processing during direct interaction with the dataset, using advance analysis software. Organization and storage of the data according to complex clinical workflows and sharing of image information have become a critical part of these novel treatment approaches. Optimally, the data are integrated into a comprehensive image data file accessible to multiple groups of practitioners across the hospital. This creates new challenges for data management requiring a complex IT infrastructure, spanning across multiple locations, but is increasingly achieved with client-server solutions and private cloud technology. This article describes the challenges and opportunities created by the increased amount of patient-specific imaging data in the context of TAVR.
Bone marrow transplantation corrects the splenic reticuloendothelial dysfunction in sickle cell anemia (1993)

In sickle cell anemia (SCA), the loss of reticuloendothelial function is the result of vasoocclusive events occurring in the spleen. Such asplenia occurs early in the course of the disease and is considered to be permanent in late childhood. In this report, three patients 10, 11, and 14 years of age suffering from severe SCA and found to be asplenic were treated by bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Before transplantation, all three patients had loss of reticuloendothelial splenic function, as assessed by the presence of abundant Howell-Jolly bodies on blood smears and absence of technetium 99m (99mTc) splenic uptake. After BMT, Howell-Jolly bodies disappeared from blood smear, whereas 99mTc isotopic scan found normal isotope uptake. Our data indicate that BMT can correct "permanent asplenia" in SCA patients. However, it remains to be determined if such treatment can also correct other SCA-related organ dysfunctions.
Methods for detecting Zika virus in feces: A case study in captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis) (2018)

A strain of Zika virus (ZIKV) of Asian origin associated with birth defects and neurological disorders has emerged and spread through the Americas. ZIKV was first isolated in the blood of nonhuman primates in Africa and has been detected in the blood, saliva, and urine of a few catarrhine species in both Africa and Asia, suggesting that nonhuman primates may serve as both a source and a reservoir of the virus. The recent introduction of ZIKV to human populations in the Americas presents the potential for the virus to spread into nonhuman primate reservoirs. Thus, it is critical to develop efficient and noninvasive detection methods to monitor the spread of the virus in wild nonhuman primate populations. Here, we describe a method for ZIKV detection in noninvasively collected fecal samples of a Neotropical primate. Fecal samples were collected from two captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis) that were experimentally infected with ZIKV (Strain Mexico_1_44) and an additional two uninfected squirrel monkeys. Nucleic acids were extracted from these samples, and RT-qPCR was used to assay for the presence of ZIKV using primers flanking a 101 bp region of the NS5 gene. In both ZIKV-inoculated animals, ZIKV was detected 5-11 days post-infection, but was not detected in the uninfected animals. We compare the fecal results to ZIKV detection in serum, saliva, and urine samples from the same individuals. Our results indicate that fecal detection is a cost-effective, noninvasive method for monitoring wild populations of Neotropical primates as possible ZIKV reservoirs.
Promoter methylation correlates with reduced NDRG2expression in advanced colon tumour (2009)

The findings highlight the usefulness of combining gene expression patterns and epigenetic data to identify tumour biomarkers, and suggest that NDRG2 silencing might bear influence on tumour invasiveness, being associated with a more advanced stage.
Characterization of Adenoviral Gene Expression in Spinal Cord after Remote Vector Delivery (1999)

Remote adenoviral vector injection represents a potential method for spinal cord gene therapy that avoids any manipulation of CNS tissue.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Blood Pressure in Older Adults (2020)

FGF-23 (fibroblast growth factor 23) regulates phosphorus and vitamin D. Elevated FGF-23 is associated with incident hypertension in young- and middle-aged adults, but there is limited data in older adults. Serum FGF-23 was measured using an intact ELISA assay in 2496 participants of the Healthy Aging and Body Composition Study. The association between FGF-23 and prevalent hypertension (self-reported and confirmed by use of antihypertensive medications) and number of antihypertensive medications was determined. The associations between FGF-23 and incident hypertension, and diastolic and systolic blood pressure trajectories were evaluated over 10 years. Models were adjusted for demographics, estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and measures of mineral metabolism. The mean (SD) age was 75 (3) years, with 51% women, and 40% black participants. The prevalence of hypertension at baseline was 75% and the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 134 (21) mm Hg and 70 (12) mm Hg, respectively. The majority of participants without hypertension at baseline developed incident hypertension (576 of 1109 or 52%). In adjusted models, each 2-fold higher FGF-23 was associated with prevalent baseline hypertension (odds ratio=1.46 [1.24-1.73]) and greater number of blood pressure medications (IRR=1.14 [1.08-1.21]) but not with baseline diastolic or systolic blood pressure. In fully adjusted longitudinal analyses, a 2-fold higher FGF-23 was associated with incident hypertension (hazard ratio=1.18 [1.03-1.36]) and worsening systolic blood pressures (β=0.24 [0.08-0.40] mm Hg per year increase), but not with diastolic blood pressures (β=0.04 [-0.04 to 0.12] mm Hg per year increase). Higher FGF-23 concentrations are associated with prevalent and incident hypertension as well as rising systolic blood pressures in community-living older adults.
Intact implicit habit learning in Alzheimer's disease. (2002)

Habit learning refers to the incremental implicit learning of associations. Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit deficits in explicit memory and in conceptual implicit memory tasks that rely on the cortical areas damaged in AD. The authors tested patients with AD and controls on a probabilistic classification task in which participants implicitly acquire cue-outcome associations. Both groups showed evidence of learning across 50 trials, and performance did not differ significantly between the groups. In contrast, patients with AD exhibited a profound impairment in explicit memory for the testing episode. These results are consistent with the idea that habit learning relies on subcortical structures, including the basal ganglia, and is independent of the medial temporal and cortical areas damaged in AD.
Predicting Unfrozen Water Contents in Frozen Soils (1966)

A relationship between temperature and certain soil properties including specific surface area, activity ratio, and the expandable clay lattice, is presented for predicting the unfrozen water content of frozen soils. Data on experimental calorimetric determinations for ice content of two frozen clays and a frozen silty clay are given. Predicted unfrozen water contents are compared with experimental values for eleven soils with good agreement in all cases. Temperatures close to and above the freezing point depression of the soil are excluded. Knowledge of the unfrozen water content in frozen soils permits a more realistic approach to a variety of problems in frozen soil mechanics.
Extending prolonged exposure for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: When is enough really enough? (2018)

Program evaluation data from 451 veterans treated with at least four sessions of prolonged exposure (PE) within a U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs outpatient posttraumatic stress disorder program were examined to explore to what degree change by Session 8 predicted achieving meaningful change (MC; 50% reduction on the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale-Self-Report [PSS-SR]) after Session 8. The overall MC rate was 33.4%. A survival analysis determined the number of sessions required to achieve MC on the PSS-SR had a modal number of nine sessions. Logistic regressions found that younger veterans and those from more recent wars were more likely to achieve MC than the rest of the sample. An analysis of a subset of 156 patients who had more than eight sessions, had not achieved MC by Session 8, and had a Session 8 PSS-SR available found that those who had a reduction of at least 10% on the PSS-SR by Session 8 (71 patients) had a 42.3% rate of MC, while only 7.1% of the 85 patients with a less than 10% reduction by Session 8 went on to achieve MC. Approximately 636 post-Session 8 clinician hours were spent treating these 85 patients with PE to have only 6 achieve MC. These outcomes suggest that patients without an at least 10% reduction on the PSS-SR by Session 8 are unlikely to achieve MC with additional PE sessions; therefore, alternate treatments or augmentation of PE should be considered. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Integrated Management of Insect and Mite Pests in Commercial Apple Orchards in Massachusetts2 (1980)

An integrated program of arthropod pest management was conducted in 8 commercial apple orchard blocks (ca. 4 ha each) in Massachusetts in 1978 and in 16 such blocks in 1979. The overall approach was use of visual traps, pheromone traps, and visual inspection of fruit and foliage in intensive weekly or semi-weekly sampling of pest and beneficial predator populations, use of economic threshold levels of principal pests, and advisement to growers of need, optimal timing, and type of pesticide to be applied for pest control. Compared with check blocks (which were treated with pesticide according to a traditional preventative-type program), integrated pest management blocks (both years combined) evidenced only 60% as much fruit injury, received only 63% as many insecticide and 37% as many miticide treatments, had substantially greater numbers of beneficial predators of pest mites and aphids, and realized a net benefit of $278.18/ha (exclusive of scouting and program management costs).
Breaking Ranks or Distorting the Record?: Debate over the HMAS Voyager Tragedy Continues (2006)

The author offers his views and reasons for declining to review the book Breaking Ranks: the true story behind the HMAS Voyager tragedy. In this article he wants simply to take issue with several of the statements and claims made in Breaking Ranks for the sake of the public record.
Selection of key features for invariant object recognition using fuzzy entropy (2002)

The paper proposes a novel method of feature selection that is supported by an adaptive segmentation technique using annular and sector windows. To achieve the feature dimension reduction, an adaptive method of selecting key features based on a fuzzy entropy is introduced. The method is applied to a map recognition task to demonstrate its efficacy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Telecom-Band Directional Coupler Written With Femtosecond Fiber Laser (2006)

A femtosecond fiber laser with 1-MHz repetition rate was optimized to write low-loss waveguides and directional couplers inside bulk borosilicate glass. For the first time, this three-dimensional writing method has produced low insertion loss and near-unity maximum coupling ratio. Results are presented at telecommunication wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm
Experimental Determination of SO2, C2H2, and O2 UV Absorption Cross Sections at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures (1997)

A heated and pressurized quartz cell with 150.5-mm pathlength was used to experimentally determine UV absorption spectra and further absorption cross sections of SO 2 , C 2 H 2 , and O 2 in the wavelength range between 200 and 400 nm. Spectra were recorded at room temperature, and at 600 and 800 °C and at absolute pressures between 1 and 6 bar. A 30-W deuterium lamp was used as a light source, and the light was detected with a photomultiplier tube through a 0.4-m Czerny–Turner monochromator. Slit widths of the monochromator were adjusted to achieve a 5 Å measurement bandwidth, and the scan through the wavelength range was made in 5 Å steps. For each individual temperature and pressure level, a reference spectrum was first recorded with the cell filled with nitrogen. After this, the cell was filled with the selected species mixed with nitrogen, and the absorption spectra were recorded in similar conditions. The studied gas mixtures were calibrated to 3% accuracy.
Genetic Identificationo f a HantavirusA ssociated with an Outbreako f Acute RespiratoryI llness (1993)

A mysterious respiratory illness with high mortality was recently reported in the southwestern United States. Serologic studies implicated the hantaviruses, rodent-borne RNA viruses usually associated elsewhere in the world with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. A genetic detection assay amplified hantavirus-specific DNA fragments from RNA extracted from the tissues of patients and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) caught at or near patient residences. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the associated virus to be a new hantavirus and provided a direct genetic link between infection in patients and rodents.
Transgenic goats producing an improved version of cetuximab in milk (2020)

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent one of the most important classes of pharmaceutical proteins to treat human diseases. Most are produced in cultured mammalian cells which is expensive, limiting their availability. Goats, striking a good balance between a relatively short generation time and copious milk yield, present an alternative platform for the cost-effective, flexible, large-scale production of therapeutic mAbs. Here, we focused on cetuximab, a mAb against epidermal growth factor receptor, that is commercially produced under the brand name Erbitux and approved for anti-cancer treatments. We generated several transgenic goat lines that produce cetuximab in their milk. Two lines were selected for detailed characterization. Both showed stable genotypes and cetuximab production levels of up to 10 g/L. The mAb could be readily purified and showed improved characteristics compared to Erbitux. The goat-produced cetuximab (gCetuximab) lacked a highly immunogenic epitope that is part of Erbitux. Moreover, it showed enhanced binding to CD16 and increased antibody-dependent cell-dependent cytotoxicity compared to Erbitux. This indicates that these goats produce an improved cetuximab version with the potential for enhanced effectiveness and better safety profile compared to treatments with Erbitux. In addition, our study validates transgenic goats as an excellent platform for large-scale production of therapeutic mAbs.
Feasibility of a Short-Period Superconducting Undulator Using 2G HTS Tapes (2010)

This paper presents a design concept of a planar-type superconducting undulator (SCU) using YBCO high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tapes. The SCU has a period length of 15 mm, and the tape conductor has dimensions of 4-mm width and 0.1-mm thickness. It has been shown that the conductor transition from one coil groove to the one in the next period is possible by making a semi-circular concave loop of the tape for continuous winding in the same direction. Non-uniform current distribution in the tape may cause field quality degradation. Assuming a uniform current density in the tape, the engineering critical-current density of the HTS in the coil for the design and the corresponding achievable on-axis peak field at 4.2 K were calculated.
Differential volume rendering: a fast volume visualization technique for flow animation (1994)

We present a direct volume rendering algorithm to speed up volume animation for flow visualizations. Data coherency between consecutive simulation time steps is used to avoid casting rays from those pixels retaining color values assigned to the previous image. The algorithm calculates the differential information among a sequence of 3D volumetric simulation data. At each time step the differential information is used to compute the locations of pixels that need updating and a ray-casting method as utilized to produce the updated image. We illustrate the utility and speed of the differential volume rendering algorithm with simulation data from computational bioelectric and fluid dynamics applications. We can achieve considerable disk-space savings and nearly real-time rendering of 3D flows using low-cost, single processor workstations for models which contain hundreds of thousands of data points. >
Bilateral Anterior Thalamic Nucleus Lesions and High-frequency Stimulation Are Protective against Pilocarpine-induced Seizures and Status Epilepticus (2004)

Bilateral anterior thalamic nuclear complex stimulation and thalamotomies were protective against SE induced by pilocarpine.
Monitoring Changes in Membrane Polarity, Membrane Integrity, and Intracellular Ion Concentrations in <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> Using Fluorescent Dyes (2014)

Membrane depolarization and ion fluxes are events that have been studied extensively in biological systems due to their ability to profoundly impact cellular functions, including energetics and signal transductions. While both fluorescent and electrophysiological methods, including electrode usage and patch-clamping, have been well developed for measuring these events in eukaryotic cells, methodology for measuring similar events in microorganisms have proven more challenging to develop given their small size in combination with the more complex outer surface of bacteria shielding the membrane. During our studies of death-initiation in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), we wanted to elucidate the role of membrane events, including changes in polarity, integrity, and intracellular ion concentrations. Searching the literature, we found that very few studies exist. Other investigators had monitored radioisotope uptake or equilibrium to measure ion fluxes and membrane potential and a limited number of studies, mostly in Gram-negative organisms, had seen some success using carbocyanine or oxonol fluorescent dyes to measure membrane potential, or loading bacteria with cell-permeant acetoxymethyl (AM) ester versions of ion-sensitive fluorescent indicator dyes. We therefore established and optimized protocols for measuring membrane potential, rupture, and ion-transport in the Gram-positive organism S. pneumoniae. We developed protocols using the bis-oxonol dye DiBAC4(3) and the cell-impermeant dye propidium iodide to measure membrane depolarization and rupture, respectively, as well as methods to optimally load the pneumococci with the AM esters of the ratiometric dyes Fura-2, PBFI, and BCECF to detect changes in intracellular concentrations of Ca(2+), K(+), and H(+), respectively, using a fluorescence-detection plate reader. These protocols are the first of their kind for the pneumococcus and the majority of these dyes have not been used in any other bacterial species. Though our protocols have been optimized for S. pneumoniae, we believe these approaches should form an excellent starting-point for similar studies in other bacterial species.
Luminescence Imaging for Quantitative Solar Cell Material and Process Characterization (2010)

Electro (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) imaging are rather new methods for fast spatially resolved characterization of the electrical properties of crystalline silicon solar cells. EL imaging is experimentally quite simple. Unfortunately in general a quantitative evaluation of the diode quality is not possible, but is limited to very low quality devices. Conversely, PL imaging is experimentally more challenging but allows also a quantitative evaluation of the diode quality for state-of-the-art devices. Experimentally the two techniques are compared analyzing two differently processed solar cells made of multi crystalline sister wavers.