gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 10424: Spatial Ventricular Gradient Changes Predict Acute Pulmonary Embolism Severity (2021)

Introduction: The severity of an acute pulmonary embolism (PE) can be assessed using hemodynamics, right ventricular (RV) strain on imaging, and cardiac biomarkers. The spatial ventricular gradient (SVG) is a vectorcardiographic measurement acquired from a 12-lead ECG that reflects cardiac loading conditions via electromechanical coupling and could aid in risk stratification in acute PE. Hypothesis: SVG is correlated with RV strain, and predicts adverse events in patients with acute PE. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients with acute PE. ECG signs of RV strain (S1Q3T3, precordial T-wave inversions, RBBB); imaging (CT and TTE RV/LV ratios); and outcome data (30-day mortality, need for vasopressor or advanced therapy) were obtained. The SVG vector was regressed on degree of RV dysfunction. Odds of adverse outcome after PE were regressed on the SVG and covariates (imaging data, age, gender, ECG signs) using a logit model. Results: ECGs from 318 patients (48% male, age 62.2 ± 16.4 y) with acute PE were analyzed; 44 adverse events (13. 8%) were reported. Worse RV hypokinesis and decreasing tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were both associated with less positive X and Y, and a more positive SVG Z vector components (p&lt;0.001 for all). The Figure shows receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of models using conventional ECG, imaging, and SVG data. Compared to conventional ECG markers and imaging, the addition of SVG to imaging improved the area under the ROC curve from 0.62 vs 0.72 (p=0.013). Conclusion: The SVG vector is correlated with right heart dysfunction in acute PE. The SVG vector has a better prognostic value than traditional ECG markers, and may improve risk stratification in acute PE.
Infections in the Intensive Care Unit (2017)

Infections are a frequent problem for children cared for in the intensive care setting. The child can have a primary infectious condition that is severe enough to require hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU). Alternatively once in the ICU setting children are at risk for nosocomial infections due to a need for catheters that breech the cutaneous barriers, mechanical ventilation and exposures to blood products. Finally, many children sick enough to be in an intensive care setting have underlying immune deficiencies which put that at increased risk. This chapter reviews some of the major underlying infections that lead to intensive care stays as well as the major nosocomial infections which can plague our patients.
Naturally sampled triangle carrier PWM bandwidth limit and output spectrum (2005)

This paper first presents a general theory predicting harmonic components in naturally sampled pulse-width modulation (PWM) output signals, so that any input signal with a Fourier series representation may be handled. This theory provides a basis for the mathematical analysis of PWM systems, such as converters transmitting a main signal and a broadband of feedback or feedforward signals, or Class D amplifiers. Ultimately, the results of this theory are applied to two concrete problems, and conditions similar to the Nyquist theorem or Carson's rule for FM modulation are derived for the cases of recovery of an input signal consisting of a main signal and a bandwidth of small feedback or feedforward signals and a bandlimited signal consisting of several harmonics of comparable magnitude. A rule of thumb, and conservative estimate of the bandwidth in both cases is one third of the carrier frequency (/spl omega//sub upper/<(1/3)/spl omega//sub c/). This research has been based on the premise that the results obtained will provide valuable insight into the general behavior of PWM systems, and provide a supporting theory for concrete systems utilizing signals of this kind, such as PWM converters whose purpose is to ensure a dominant sinusoidal waveform along with a broadband frequency channel for small feedback signals.
Zinc for organ pipe building. (2011)

Zinc is being used only rarely for organ pipes, since high quality material has not been available. The slightly harder metal makes manual processing of the pipes more complicated for the voicer. Nevertheless zinc is much more cost-efficient. Grillo Werke (Germany) has developed a “soft zinc strip” which is significantly better, as far as workability is concerned, than materials available in the past. This material has been tested to determine to what extent zinc modifies pipe wall vibrations, and how essential the impact of the material would be on the sound. Various pairs of pipes made of plain metal and of zinc have been voiced for the same sound, if possible, according to subjective assessment. The experiments prove that the wall vibration spectra of flue pipes made of various materials clearly show differences. Total velocity spectra recorded by means of 3D scanning Doppler laser vibrometry vary considerably. The results of analyzing the stationary sound spectra and the attack transient, however, allow the voicing of these pipes to the same sound. Recording by a microphone array system also proved that the wall vibration does not have any direct influence on the sound radiation of the pipe.
Special Aspects of the Treatment of HIV-2-Infected Patients (2012)

HIV-2 is responsible for a limited epidemic in West Africa. Around 20% of all infected patients will progress to AIDS, and will need antiretroviral therapy. Unfortunately, antiretrovirals were developed to suppress HIV-1 replication; not all of them are active against HIV-2, e.g. all nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or fusion inhibitors. Moreover, only three protease inhibitors have the same activity in HIV-1 and HIV-2: lopinavir, saquinavir and darunavir. Even if all nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors appear to be equally efficient against HIV-2, different resistance pathways and an increased facility of resistance selection make their use much more difficult than in HIV-1. Integrase inhibitors have a potent inhibitory effect on HIV-2 replication, but questions about the best timing for their use remain unanswered, as well as those regarding the use of entry inhibitors in this setting. The lack of reliable monitoring tools adds to the difficulty of treating HIV-2-infected patients, mostly because the viral load is not as useful as it is in HIV-1, and the incomplete knowledge about resistance pathways limits the clinical usefulness of resistance testing. With all these limitations, HIV-2 treatment remains a challenge. Further research is urgently needed, since antiretroviral therapy is now becoming available in countries where the HIV-2 prevalence is significant. The need for appropriate guidelines for HIV-2 treatment has become an emergency.
Process intensification 4.0: A new approach for attaining new, sustainable and circular processes enabled by machine learning (2021)

This paper reviews system-level transformations converging into the next generation of Process Intensification strategies defined as PI4.0. Process Intensification 4.0 uses data-driven algorithms to understand other physical and chemical processes that improve equipment design, predictive control, and optimization. Following this, an overview of the use of Artificial Intelligence techniques, particularly Machine Learning for the acceleration of equipment design, process optimization, and streamlining, is presented. This work will highlight and discuss the emerging framework of the integration between Circular Chemistry, Industry 4.0, and Process Intensification and how the data obtained from this integration is at the core of the next generation of Process Intensification strategies. This is supported by a discussion of different cases that apply data-driven models enabled by Machine Learning as a mean to enhance an intensified system (product synthesis, equipment or methods).
A three-dimensional self-assembled SnS2-nano-dots@graphene hybrid aerogel as an efficient polysulfide reservoir for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries (2018)

A free-standing self-assembled graphene aerogel embedded with SnS<sub>2</sub>nano-dots (SnS<sub>2</sub>-ND@G) is established as an efficient substrate for high-loading sulfur cathodes with synergistically physical and chemical polysulfide-trapping capability.
Biomechanical Effect of Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Axial Interbody Threaded Rod on Range of Motion and S1 Screw Loading in a Destabilized L5–S1 Spondylolisthesis Model (2013)

N/A.
Construction of a Stable N-Heterocyclic Phosphenium Cation with an Electron-Rich Framework and Its Complexation to Rhodium (2006)

The synthesis and characterization of a new N-heterocyclic phosphenium cation captured in a six-membered, electron-rich framework is presented. The cation reacts quantitatively with 1 equiv of Wilkinson's catalyst, Rh(PPh3)3Cl, to form a cationic rhodium−phosphenium complex, the first to be characterized in the solid state. Computational and X-ray diffraction studies support the existence of a strong dπ−pπ bond between rhodium and phosphorus.
DECAY PARAMETERS FOR 2~^=>nTT (1967)

Author(s): Bangerter, Roger O.; Alston-Garnjost, Margaret; Barbaro-Galtieri, Angela; Gershwin, Lavrence K.; Mast, Terry S.; Solmitz, Frank T.; Stevenson, M.Lynn; Tripp, Robert D.; Verglas, Alain J.; Webber, Bryan R.
Modulation of EGF receptor protooncogene expression by growth factors and hormones in human breast carcinoma cells. (1991)

In this review I summarize the experimental data in favor of the notion that control of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (R) and/or c-erbB-2 protooncogene expression by specific autocrine growth factors and certain classical endocrine hormones serves as a transducer of extracellular signals that ultimately lead to growth responses in breast carcinoma cells. I summarize some new results on the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha, and TGF beta in the control of EGF-R protooncogene expression in human breast carcinoma cells. Furthermore, the data embracing the hypothesis that the growth actions of hormone receptors that are homologous to the v-erbA oncogene (estrogens, progesterone, thyroid hormones, retinoic acid, and vitamin D) are mediated, in part, by modulating EGF-R and/or c-erbB-2 protooncogene transcription are reviewed. Finally, I develop the theme that cooperation of certain c-erb-A-related, c-erbB-2 and/or EGF-R gene products contribute to the uncontrolled growth of human mammary carcinoma cells. From the evidence reviewed, one can infer that elucidation of the molecular control of EGF-R/c-erbB-2 gene expression by c-erbA-related gene products may lead to both a better understanding of breast carcinogenesis and a new therapeutic approach directed at controlling the transcriptional responses of EGF-R/c-erbB-2 genes.
Medial preoptic area afferents to periaqueductal gray medullo-output neurons: a combined Fos and tract tracing study (1996)

We have shown recently that the medial preoptic area (MPO) robustly innervates discrete columns along the rostrocaudal axis of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). However, the location of PAG neurons responsive to MPO activation is not known. Anterograde tract tracing was used in combination with Fos immunohistochemistry to characterize the MPO --> PAG pathway anatomically and functionally within the same animal. Focal electrical or chemical stimulation of MPO in anesthetized rats induced extensive Fos expression within the PAG compared with sham controls. Fos-positive neurons were organized as 2-3 longitudinal columns. The organization and location of these columns overlapped remarkably well with the distribution of fibers and terminals in PAG labeled by Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) injected into the same MPO stimulation site. This indicates that MPO inputs may terminate on the soma or proximal dendrites of neurons exhibiting elevated Fos. A second series of experiments investigated whether MPO stimulation excited PAG neurons with descending projections to the medulla. Retrograde labelling of PAG neurons projecting to the medial and lateral regions of the rostroventral medulla (RVM) was combined with MPO-induced Fos expression. The results showed that a substantial population (37-53%) of Fos-positive PAG neurons projected to the ventral medulla. This indicates that MPO stimulation engages PAG-medullary output neurons. Taken together, these results suggest that the MPO --> Pag --> RVM projection constitutes a functional pathway. This circuit may coordinately regulate neuroendocrine, motor, and autonomic adjustments necessary for the elaboration of sexual behaviors.
S–Te Interdiffusion within Grains and Grain Boundaries in CdTe Solar Cells (2014)

At the CdTe/CdS interface, a significant Te-S interdiffusion has been found a few nanometers into the CdTe grain interiors with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy. This interdiffusion happens on both as-grown and CdCl2-treated CdTe. S substitution at Te sites has been directly resolved in CdTe with STEM Z-contrast images, which further confirms the S diffusion into CdTe grain interiors. Moreover, when a sufficient amount of S substitutes for Te, a structural transformation from zinc-blende to wurtzite has been observed. In the CdCl2-treated CdTe, Cl segregation has also been found at the interface. STEM electron-beam-induced current shows that the p-n junction occurs a few namometers into the CdTe grains, which is consistent with the S diffusion range we observe. The shift of the p-n junction suggests a buried homojunction which would help reduce nonradiative recombination at the junction. Meanwhile, long-range S diffusion in CdTe grain boundaries (GBs) has been detected, as has Te and Cl diffusion in CdS GBs.
Non rigid registration in neuroimaging: from a retrospective evaluation of global approaches to new advances in local and hybrid methods (2003)

Within the scope of three-dimensional brain imaging and brain functional mapping, we present a retrospective evaluation framework of inter-individual fusion scheme to register brain cortical anatomy and functional activations. The evaluation methodology relies on global and local criteria such as gray/white matter segmentation map overlap, correlation ratio of the mean Lvv intensities (i.e. 3D measure of the curvature of the cortex from the MRI volumes), distance and shape variation of cortical sulcal landmarks (segmented using the "active ribbon" approach). Visual and global measures seem to promote the non-linear global registration methods while local measures, based on sulci, did not show any significant differences between all global methods. As a perspective, new approaches are introduced to account for these local cortical deformations by means of either introducing sparse constraints in global registration methods or by introducing a local non-linear registration framework based on active shape models of local cortical features.
Increased effectiveness and applicability of the sterile insect technique through male‐only releases for control of Mediterranean fruit flies during fruiting seasons (1995)

Abstract One of the main obstacles for a wider use of the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) against the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) is the damage commercial fruit suffers due to sterile female stings. To overcome this obstacle, the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture has played a leading role in sponsoring and carrying out research to develop medfly genetic sexing strains that allow male‐only SIT releases. Recently, as a result of this continued FAO/IAEA effort, genetic sexing strains based on a temperature sensitive lethal ( tsl ) mutation have been developed at the IAEA Laboratories at Seibersdorf. Unlike previous pupal color sexing strains, these ‘second generation’ sexing strains allow female killing at an early (embryonal) stage. In addition, they are essentially stable under mass rearing conditions. This represents an important breakthrough because both of these attributes were considered indispensable for genetic sexing strains with any potential to replace conventional strains with both sexes in large scale sterile medfly production facilities. Besides the considerable savings in the costs of release and field monitoring, genetic sexing strains in field tests have shown severalfold increases in the effectiveness of the SIT as compared with the standard strains involving males and females. When releasing both males and females, sterile males are apparently not used effectively, because they use their limited sperm mostly to mate with sterile females and because they do not disperse widely in the presence of these females. When males only are released, however, they disperse much further in search of wild females and compete more intensely with wild males for wild females. As a result of the availability of usable male‐only strains, and the demonstration of their increased effectiveness, the applicability of the SIT against medfly has increased in two different ways. Highly developed commercial fruit growing regions, that previously had excluded application of SIT because of the fruit damage due to sterile female stings, are now reconsidering such free area/exclusion programs. More‐importantly, sterile male releases can now also be used for routine control purposes, rather than only for eradication programs, partially or fully replacing chemical bait‐sprays during the fruiting seasons.
Home bias in preferences and the political economics of agricultural protection (2011)

Some consumers are willing to pay extra for food if it is of domestic origin. This paper theoretically examines the consequences of such home biased behavior for agricultural policy, assuming that the policy is decided by the median voter. The analysis is conducted in the framework of a small open economy, with a Ricardian production structure. Consumers differ with respect to how much extra they are willing to pay for a domestically produced agricultural good. For a tariff we find that, if there would be some home biased choices (no matter how few) in a laissez-faire regime, the political equilibrium will imply a strictly positive tariff. This tariff is high if the productivity in the agricultural sector of this country is low. A political equilibrium with a strictly positive subsidy requires stronger home bias than a tariff.
Conscious Postural Control During Standing on Compliant Surface by Older Adults (2018)

This study examined the real-time objective measurement of conscious postural control ("reinvestment") in older adults when standing on a compliant surface using electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence. Twenty-nine older adults participated in the study and their Alpha2 T3-Fz and Alpha2 T4-Fz EEG coherence during standing at three different positions on foam including wide-base standing on foam (WBF), narrow-base standing on foam (NBF) and tandem standing on foam (TAF) were measured. Participants were also required to respond to a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to determine their perceived task difficulty after each standing position. Three 2 × 3 (Groups[low reinvestor, high reinvestor] × Standing positions[WBF, NBF, TAF]) analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were conducted to determine differences between high and low reinvestors in three standing positions (WBF, NBF, TAF) at the primary outcome measures. The main effects of standing positions at VAS and Alpah2 T3-Fz EEG coherence were discovered but without interaction. The results suggested that when standing task difficulty increased, older adults generally elevated their real-time conscious postural control together with perceived task difficulty. It implicates that Alpha2 T3-Fz EEG coherence can be considered as a real-time objective conscious postural control measurement during balance assessment and rehabilitation if further large-scale studies could find its discriminative power between high and low reinvestors.
A visual interface for a database with version management (1986)

This paper describes a graphical interface to an experimental database system which incorporates a built-in version control mechanism that maintains a history of the database development and changes. The system is an extension of ISIS [6], Interface for a Semantic Information System, a workstation-based, graphical database programming tool developed at Brown University. ISIS supports a graphical interface to a modified subset of the Semantic Data Model (SDM) [7]. The ISIS extension introduces a transaction mechanism that interacts with the version control facilities. A series of version control support tools have been added to ISIS to provide a notion of history to user-created databases. The user can form new versions of three types of ISIS objects: a class definition object (a type), the set of instances of a class (the content), and an entity. A version-viewing mechanism is provided to allow for the comparison of various object versions. Database operations are grouped together in atomic units to form transactions, which are stored as entities in the database. A sample session demonstrates the capabilities of version and transaction control during the creation and manipulation of database objects.
Improved survival in women with BRCA‐associated ovarian carcinoma (2003)

BRCA1 heterozygotes developed EOC at a younger age compared with BRCA2 heterozygotes and women who had sporadic ovarian carcinoma. BRCA heterozygotes had a better response to platinum chemotherapy compared with women who had sporadic disease, which may have contributed to their improved prognosis.
Image Sharpness Measurement in Scanning Electron Microscopy Based On Derivative Method In ISO/TS 24597 document (2016)

Journal Article Image Sharpness Measurement in Scanning Electron Microscopy Based On Derivative Method In ISO/TS 24597 document Get access Sunghyon Kim, Sunghyon Kim Department of Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Rep. of Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Byong Chon Park, Byong Chon Park Center for Nanometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Rep. of Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Il-seok Oh, Il-seok Oh Department of Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Rep. of Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jin Seung Kim Jin Seung Kim Department of Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Rep. of Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 22, Issue S3, 1 July 2016, Pages 628–629, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927616003998 Published: 25 July 2016
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

Carbon nanotubes play a fundamental role in the rapidly developing field of nanoscience and nanotechnology because of their unique properties and high potential for applications. In this article, the different synthesis methods of carbon nanotubes (both multi-walled and single-walled) are reviewed. From the industrial point of view, the chemical vapor deposition method has shown advantages over laser vaporization and electric arc discharge methods. This article also presents recent work in the controlled synthesis of carbon nanotubes with ordered architectures. Special carbon nanotube configurations, such as nanocoils, nanohorns, bamboo-shaped and carbon cylinder made up from carbon nanotubes are also discussed.