gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positioning Improving of RSU Devices Used in V2I Communication in Intelligent Transportation System (2019)

In this work we present solutions which aim at enhancement of the localization precision of the road side unit (RSU) devices which will participate in vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication in future autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Currently used localization techniques suffer from limited accuracy which is due to various factors, including noise, delays caused by environmental conditions (e.g. temperature variation) and differences in elevation between devices communicating with each other in the road environment. In case of application of the ITS, these factors can be the source of significant discrepancies between real positions of the RSUs and their estimated values provided by the V2I system. The proposed techniques, based on various approximation techniques, as well as linear and nonlinear filters, allow to improve the localization accuracy, reducing the positioning errors by more than 90 %.
Theory of Gastric Ventilation: Effects of Hyperoxia, Hypoxia, and Hyperbaric Exposure in the Rat (2013)

We previously described gastric ventilation, a phenomenon in which hypercapnia stimulates gastric acid secretion. In the present study, we tested the effects of the following on gastric acid secretion: normobaric normoxia (NN) hypobaric hypoxia (hh), normobaric hypoxia (Nh), hyperbaric hyperoxia (HH), hyperbaric hypercapnia (HC), and hyperbaric normoxia (HN). Two rats implanted with gastric catheters have completed hypobaric experiments; 1 completed hyperbaric experiments. In hypobaric experiments, minute ventilation (V E ) was 74.4 ± 5.7 ml/min at NN (mean ± SE) and increased as expected to 81.6 ± 35.5 ml/min at hh and 76.1 ± 8.6 ml/min at Nh; pH appeared minimally affected: 3.7 ± 0.2 at NN, 3.8 ± 0.3 at hh, and 3.7 ± 0.4 at Nh. Hyperbaric exposures appeared to stimulate gastric acid secretion, though in the rat tested, the response appeared delayed until the following air period: pH was 4.52 at NN, 4.5 at HH, 3.94 at NN, 3.81 at HC, 3.64 at NN, 3.66 at HN, and 3.64 at the final NN. This suggests that gastric acid secretion responds to environmental stimuli, an important health consideration for those who routinely dive and who tend to retain CO 2 while diving. Funded by ONR.
Biomedical applications of polymers derived by reversible addition – fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) (2015)

RAFT- mediated polymerization, providing control over polymer length and architecture as well as facilitating post polymerization modification of end groups, has been applied to virtually every facet of biomedical materials research. RAFT polymers have seen particularly extensive use in drug delivery research. Facile generation of functional and telechelic polymers permits straightforward conjugation to many therapeutic compounds while synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers via RAFT allows for the generation of self-assembled structures capable of carrying therapeutic payloads. With the large and growing body of literature employing RAFT polymers as drug delivery aids and vehicles, concern over the potential toxicity of RAFT derived polymers has been raised. While literature exploring this complication is relatively limited, the emerging consensus may be summed up in three parts: toxicity of polymers generated with dithiobenzoate RAFT agents is observed at high concentrations but not with polymers generated with trithiocarbonate RAFT agents; even for polymers generated with dithiobenzoate RAFT agents, most reported applications call for concentrations well below the toxicity threshold; and RAFT end-groups may be easily removed via any of a variety of techniques that leave the polymer with no intrinsic toxicity attributable to the mechanism of polymerization. The low toxicity of RAFT-derived polymers and the ability to remove end groups via straightforward and scalable processes make RAFT technology a valuable tool for practically any application in which a polymer of defined molecular weight and architecture is desired.
The Fair Housing Act (1996)

2 and the almost mundane requirement in every zoning ordinance that there be a definition of "family.
Global and local structural similarity in protein–protein complexes: Implications for template‐based docking (2013)

ABSTRACT The increasing amount of structural information on protein–protein interactions makes it possible to predict the structure of protein–protein complexes by comparison/alignment of the interacting proteins to the ones in cocrystallized complexes. In the predictions based on structure similarity, the template search is performed by structural alignment of the target interactors with the entire structures or with the interface only of the subunits in cocrystallized complexes. This study investigates the scope of the structural similarity that facilitates the detection of a broad range of templates significantly divergent from the targets. The analysis of the target‐template similarity is based on models of protein–protein complexes in a large representative set of heterodimers. The similarity of the biological and crystal packing interfaces, dissimilar interface structural motifs in overall similar structures, interface similarity to the full structure, and local similarity away from the interface were analyzed. The structural similarity at the protein–protein interfaces only was observed in ∼25% of target‐template pairs with sequence identity &lt;20% and primarily homodimeric templates. For ∼50% of the target‐template pairs, the similarity at the interface was accompanied by the similarity of the whole structure. However, the structural similarity at the interfaces was still stronger than that of the noninterface parts. The study provides insights into structural and functional diversity of protein–protein complexes, and relative performance of the interface and full structure alignment in docking. Proteins 2013; 81:2137–2142. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Piezoelectric Characteristics of Chiral Polymer Composite Films Obtained under Strong Magnetic Field (2005)

It is difficult to obtain a drawn chiral polymer/inorganic material composite membrane with shear piezoelectricity by the conventional method because the chiral polymer/inorganic material composite membrane breaks during the drawing process by which shear piezoelectricity is realized. Using a strong magnetic field, we propose to manufacture a drawn composite membrane of poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA), a chiral polymer, and hydroxyapatite (Hap), an inoroganic material (PLLA/Hap composite membrane). The manufacturing method used here is effective for obtaining a drawn PLLA/Hap composite membrane with a large uniform area. Also, the shear piezoelectric constant of the drawn PLLA/Hap composite membrane is about 20 pC/N. This value is large for piezoelectric polymers.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)‐Muscone by Enantioselective Addition of Chiral Methylcuprate to E‐2‐Cyclopentadecen‐1‐one. (1990)

Abstract E‐2‐Cyclopentadecen‐1‐one (I) reacts with lithium dimethylcuprate (II) in the presence of a chiral ligand such as TATH to yield (R)‐muscone (III).
Modeling lipolysis in a reversed micellar system: Part II—membrane reactor (1993)

Olive oil hydrolysis using Chromobacterium viscosum lipase B in a reversed micellar media was investigated in a membrane reactor. The dynamic evolution of the product concentration both in the concentrate and permeate stream was analyzed using a mechanistic model previously developed by us and further modified in this work. A kinetic law with a second-order dependence in the substrate concentration and nonlinear product inhibition was found to be the most adequate for the description of the hydrolysis data over an extensive range of time and substrate concentration. These findings are discussed in terms of the specific interactions occurring in the membrane reactor.
Rings of regular functions on spherical nilpotent orbits for complex classical groups (2009)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 2009.
Ecto-mesenchymal stem cells from dental pulp are committed to differentiate into active melanocytes (2010)

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are multipotent stem cells derived from neural crest and mesenchyme and have the capacity to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. It has already been demonstrated that DPSCs differentiate into melanocyte-like cells but only when cultivated in a specific melanocyte differentiating medium. In this study we have shown, for the first time, that DPSCs are capable of spontaneously differentiating into mature melanocytes, which display molecular and ultrastructural features of full development, including the expression of melanocyte specific markers and the presence of melanosomes up to the terminal stage of maturation. We have also compared the differentiating features of DPSCs grown in different culture conditions, following the timing of differentiation at molecular and cytochemical levels and found that in all culture conditions full development of these cells was obtained, although at different times. The spontaneous differentiating potential of these cells strongly suggests their possible applications in regenerative medicine.
Functional Imaging of Rodent Lungs (2005)

I. Introduction 397II. Definitions 398A. Lung Density 398B. Lung Volumes 400C. Lung Water and Blood Volume Measurements 402D. Lung Ventilation and Perfusion 403E. PA Pressures and Right Ventricular Function 405F. Diffusion 409III. Conclusion 410References 411I. IntroductionEvery day, clinicians use imaging to diagnose disease and to assist in therapeuticdecision-making. The value of anatomic imaging of lung structure with X-raycomputed tomography (CT) is well known to every clinician. Advances inmolecular imaging that may eventually be used to guide gene therapy or to evalu-ate biologic processes in vivo at the cellular and even subcellular levels holdgreat promise. Recent improvements in instrumentation are making it possibleto combine different types of measurements into single multimodality imagingsessions (see Chapter 7).
Plant Wide Optimization for High Value Added Products - a Steam Cracking Case Study (2018)

Implementation of intelligent severity control improved the operation of ethylene crackers in China of 800,000 tonnes/year ethylene plant.The estimated quantifiable benefit is nearly $2.6 million/year, with payback period less than 6 weeks.The solutions have significantly reduced the fluctuation of the cracking severity and increased ease of operation.By reducing the variance of cracking severity by as much as 60%, the project improved the consistency of the furnace's yield slate, which in turn contributed to the stability of the downstream recovery section and potentially reduced operating costs.
Biochemical Effects of Meditation: A Literature Review (2015)

Meditation is an activity that can help reduce stress and anxiety from daily life as well as help cultivate overall feel- ings of peacefulness, relaxation, and contentment. This review describes several studies that have been used to assess how meditation can influence the body at the molecular level. The presented results focus on small-molecule metab- olites, which are broadly defined as naturally-produced molecules that weigh less than approximately 1000 Da. The results show that meditation can significantly affect hormones and neurotransmitters such as cortisol, dehydroepi- androstrone, serotonin, melatonin, and epinephrine. Some common and modern experimental techniques that are relevant to these studies are also discussed, as well as some challenges of accurately interpreting the results. Overall, understanding the molecular-level effects of meditation can provide a more detailed understanding of its physiologi- cal effects because many of the affected molecules are known to be linked to changes in stress responses and mood.
Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease Inhibits Complement Activation by Cleaving Complement Component 4 (2013)

C4 is a novel cellular substrate of the HCV NS3/4A protease. Understanding disturbances in the complement system mediated by NS3/4A protease may provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying persistent HCV infection.
References (2004)

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Chronic Q fever associated with systemic sclerosis (2019)

In this case series, chronic Q fever preceding systemic sclerosis was associated with a mild course of systemic sclerosis without the necessity of immunosuppressive drugs, while chronic Q fever development due to immunocompromised state was associated with a more deteriorating course of systemic sclerosis.
NeuroBack: Improving CDCL SAT Solving using Graph Neural Networks (2021)

Propositional satisfiability (SAT) is an NP-complete problem that impacts many research fields, such as planning, verification, and security. Mainstream modern SAT solvers are based on the Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) algorithm. Recent work aimed to enhance CDCL SAT solvers using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). However, so far this approach either has not made solving more effective, or required substantial GPU resources for frequent online model inferences. Aiming to make GNN improvements practical, this paper proposes an approach called NeuroBack, which builds on two insights: (1) predicting phases (i.e., values) of variables appearing in the majority (or even all) of the satisfying assignments are essential for CDCL SAT solving, and (2) it is sufficient to query the neural model only once for the predictions before the SAT solving starts. Once trained, the offline model inference allows NeuroBack to execute exclusively on the CPU, removing its reliance on GPU resources. To train NeuroBack, a new dataset called DataBack containing 120,286 data samples is created. NeuroBack is implemented as an enhancement to a state-of-the-art SAT solver called Kissat. As a result, it allowed Kissat to solve up to 5.2% and 7.4% more problems on two recent SAT competition problem sets, SATCOMP-2022 and SATCOMP-2023, respectively. NeuroBack therefore shows how machine learning can be harnessed to improve SAT solving in an effective and practical manner.
Precise asymptotics of the Ricci flow neckpinch (2005)

The best known finite-time local Ricci flow singularity is the neckpinch, in which a proper subset of the manifold becomes geometrically close to a portion of a shrinking cylinder. In this paper, we prove precise asymptotics for rotationally symmetric Ricci flow neckpinches. We then compare these rigorous results with formal matched asymptotics for fully general neckpinch singularities.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Substitution Reactions of Allylic Compounds with Soft Nucleophiles: An Efficient Alternative to Palladium Catalysis. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence de gammes d'usinage sur la tenue en fatigue d'un alliage léger aéronautique (2005)

Les gammes d'usinage en tournage et étau limeur, pratiquées respectivement sur des éprouvettes de flexion rotative et plane,ont permis de mettre en évidence les facteurs d'influence de l'état de surface sur la tenue en fatigue d'un alliage léger aéronautique. Un modèle mécanique a été développé pour établir l'origine physique de cette influence.
Proteasome inhibitors modulate chemokine production in lung epithelial and monocytic cells (2004)

Proteasome inhibition has become a target for antitumour and anti-inflammatory therapy. The present study investigated the influence of cysteine proteinase and proteasome inhibitors on chemokine production in lung epithelial cells and monocytic cells. The lung carcinoma cell lines A549, SK-MES, NCI-H727, virus-transformed bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B, primary lung epithelial cells, and the acute monocytic leukaemia cell lines Mono-Mac-6 and THP-1 were incubated with proteasome (N-acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-norleucinal (ALLN), beta-lactone) or cysteine proteinase inhibitor (L-trans-Epoxysuccinyl-Leu-3-methylbutylamide-ethyl ester) and the influence on chemokine production (interleukin-8: IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, RANTES) was quantified at protein and mRNA levels. Inhibition of proteasome activity by ALLN and beta-lactone resulted in significantly increased IL-8 secretion (5- to 22-fold). Cysteine proteinase inhibitors did not influence chemokine production. The simultaneous rise in IL-8 mRNA was caused by an increased half-life of mRNA and increased RNA synthesis. Moreover, analysis of transcription factor activation revealed induction of activator protein-1 (c-Jun) activity by proteasome inhibition, whereas nuclear factor-kappaB (p50 and p65) was not activated. The significant increase in IL-8 production after proteasome inhibition was also observed in primary lung epithelial cells and in monocytic cells. In addition, the secreted IL-8 was biologically active as shown by the neutrophil chemotaxis assay. In conclusion, it was shown that proteasome inhibitors stimulate interleukin-8 secretion in lung epithelial cells and monocytic cells, thus recruiting neutrophils.
Relationship between PCNA expression and apoptosis of human lung cancer cell line (2003)

Objective To investigate the relationship between proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and apoptosis of human lung cancer cell line.Methods Arsenic trioxide (As_2O_3) was used to induce the direct apoptosis in human lung cancer GLC-82 cell line. The MTT method and flowcytometry (FCM) were used for detection. With RT-PCR, the changes and relations of PCNA in the process of GLC-82 apoptosis were studied. Results The data showed that As_2O_3 significatly. inhibited proliferation of GLC-82 cells and inhibiting effects had a dose-and time-dependence. The change of DNA content of GLC-82 cell indicated that cell cycle progress could be blocked by As_2O_3 in G_2/M phase, with apperence of sub-G_1 peak in dose-dependent manner.And PCNA mRNA activation was inhibited by As_2O_3. Conclusion During apoptosis of GLC-82 cell induced by As_2O_3,PCNA activation could apparently be inhibited. Hence,inhibition of PCNA activation may represent a new chemosensitisation for tumors resistant to anticancer drugs.
An Observational Study of Pedestrian and Bicycle Crossing Experience in Two Modern Urban Roundabouts (2012)

Many cities in the United States are installing roundabouts, instead of traditional intersections, due to evidence that roundabouts dramatically reduce fatal and severe injury crashes compared to traditional signalized intersections. However, the impact on pedestrian safety is not clear. This project was developed to investigate pedestrian accessibility in Minnesota urban roundabouts, addressing complaints from pedestrians regarding difficulties in crossing and safety. The methodology followed in this ongoing research is typical of other observational studies. A sufficiently large number of observations on the interactions between pedestrians or bicycles (peds/bikes) and vehicles at two modern urban roundabouts in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul in Minnesota were collected and reduced. These observations so far have supported a two phased analysis. Phase one involved the extraction of general information describing the crossing event, such as who yielded, the location of the crossing, or the number of subjects involved. Phase two looked deeper into these factors by considering the conditions inside the roundabout before the vehicle proceeds to the crossing and meets with the ped/bike. The results presented, although containing no surprises, do highlight and categorize the existence of friction between pedestrians and drivers at roundabout crossings. Also the identification of factors affecting driver yield behavior and pedestrian wait time do offer good background for modeling such interactions.
A maximum-entropy model for predicting chromatin contacts (2018)

The packaging of DNA inside a nucleus shows complex structure stabilized by a host of DNA-bound factors. Both the distribution of these factors and the contacts between different genomic locations of the DNA can now be measured on a genome-wide scale. This has advanced the development of models aimed at predicting the conformation of DNA given only the locations of bound factors-the chromatin folding problem. Here we present a maximum-entropy model that is able to predict a contact map representation of structure given a sequence of bound factors. Non-local effects due to the sequence neighborhood around contacting sites are found to be important for making accurate predictions. Lastly, we show that the model can be used to infer a sequence of bound factors given only a measurement of structure. This opens up the possibility for efficiently predicting sequence regions that may play a role in generating cell-type specific structural differences.
The Dysregulated Pharmacology of Clinically Relevant ESR1 Mutants is Normalized by Ligand-activated WT Receptor (2020)

The estrogen receptor (ER/<i>ESR1</i>) is expressed in a majority of breast cancers and drugs that inhibit ER signaling are the cornerstone of breast cancer pharmacotherapy. Currently, aromatase inhibitors are the frontline endocrine interventions of choice although their durability in metastatic disease is limited by activating point mutations within the ligand-binding domain of <i>ESR1</i> that permit ligand-independent activation of the receptor. It has been suggested that the most commonly occurring <i>ESR1</i> mutations would likely compromise the clinical activity of selective estrogen receptor downregulators and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) when used as second-line therapies. It was unclear, however, how these mutations, which are likely coexpressed in cells with ER<sup>WT</sup>, may impact response to ER ligands in a clinically meaningful manner. To address this issue, we dissected the molecular mechanism(s) underlying <i>ESR1</i>-mutant pharmacology in models relevant to metastatic disease. These studies revealed that the response of <i>ESR1</i> mutations to ligands was dictated primarily by the relative coexpression of ER<sup>WT</sup> in cells. Specifically, dysregulated pharmacology was only evident in cells in which the mutants were overexpressed relative to ligand-activated ER<sup>WT</sup>; a finding that highlights the role of allelism in determining ER-mutant pharmacology. Importantly, we demonstrated that the antagonist activity of the SERM, lasofoxifene, was not impacted by mutant status; a finding that has led to its clinical evaluation as a treatment for patients with advanced ER-positive breast cancer whose tumors harbor <i>ESR1</i> mutations.
Current controller for switched reluctance motors using pole placement approach (2013)

This paper presents a design method of a current controller for switched reluctance motors (SRM). The design is carried using pole placement approach which allows taking into consideration the time delays in the open loop transfer function. Also, the tracking dynamics of the controller are enhanced through the integration of a feedforward component. The implementation of an anti-wind up strategy for managing intervals of control signal saturation is then presented. A comparison with a gain-scheduling PI controller reveals a faster response as well as a considerable torque gain at mid-range speeds.