gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of isoniazid on ultrastructure of Mycobacterium aurum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis and on production of secreted proteins (1996)

Isoniazid (INH), one of the most effective antimycobacterial drugs, specifically inhibits, at an early stage of its action, the biosynthesis of mycolic acids, specific mycobacterial lipids which play a central role in the cell envelope architecture of mycobacteria. In the present study, the consequences of the action of INH on the cell morphology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium aurum were examined. Electron microscopy was used to observe bacilli which were previously treated with either subinhibitory concentrations of INH or the MIC of the drug, leading to a decrease of 20 to 35% (by weight) of their mycolic acid contents. The earlier effect of INH on the ultrastructure of mycobacteria, as revealed by negative staining of bacilli, was the alteration of the bacterial poles; this event was observed prior to the bacteriostatic action of the drug and was accompanied by a release of material from the poles into the extracellular medium. In a later stage of the drug's action, cell deformation occurred and more extracellular material was seen. The material released following the action of the drug on susceptible mycobacterial cells was identified as being almost exclusively composed of proteins. Labeling of amino acids with 35S prior to and during the action of INH on M. aurum and subsequent analysis of the labeled proteins led to the conclusion that they consisted of secreted proteins which were up to 20-fold oversecreted in the presence of the drug. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the secreted 45/47-kDa antigen complex of M. tuberculosis demonstrated up to 20-fold oversecretion of these proteins. Taken together, the production of oversecreted proteins following the decrease of the cell envelope mycolate content by INH strongly suggests that mycolic acids may act as a barrier in the export of proteins secreted by mycobacteria.
The effects of excess dietary lysine additions on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs (1989)

Seventy-five barrows (initial wt 136 lb) were utilized to evaluate the effects of dietary lysine levels ranging from .6 to 1.4% on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Pigs were fed a pelleted corn-sesame meal diet containing .6% lysine (17.7% crude protein) or diets containing .8, 1.0, 1.2, or 1.4% lysine provided by L-Iysine HCl. All other amino acids, vitamins, and minerals were calculated to be at least double the pig's requirement (NRC, 1988), to ensure that no nutrient other than lysine would limit performance. When the pen mean weight reached approximately 235 lb, six pigs per treatment were slaughtered, and carcass data were collected. Increasing dietary lysine level resulted in no differences in average daily gain, feed intake, or feed efficiency. Furthermore, increasing lysine level had no effect on longissimus muscle area, average backfat thickness, loin weight, kidney fat weight, or percentage muscle. However, pigs fed .8% lysine had slightly less backfat and greater percent muscle than pigs fed .6% lysine. These data indicate that dietary lysine additions above .6% do not improve growth performance of finishing barrows; however, increasing the lysine level to .8% may slightly improve carcass leanness.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 1989
Identification of two distinct fire regimes in Southern California: implications for economic impact and future change (2015)

The area burned by Southern California wildfires has increased in recent decades, with implications for human health, infrastructure, and ecosystem management. Meteorology and fuel structure are universally recognized controllers of wildfire, but their relative importance, and hence the efficacy of abatement and suppression efforts, remains controversial. Southern California’s wildfires can be partitioned by meteorology: fires typically occur either during Santa Ana winds (SA fires) in October through April, or warm and dry periods in June through September (non-SA fires). Previous work has not quantitatively distinguished between these fire regimes when assessing economic impacts or climate change influence. Here we separate five decades of fire perimeters into those coinciding with and without SA winds. The two fire types contributed almost equally to burned area, yet SA fires were responsible for 80% of cumulative 1990–2009 economic losses ($3.1 Billion). The damage disparity was driven by fire characteristics: SA fires spread three times faster, occurred closer to urban areas, and burned into areas with greater housing values. Non-SA fires were comparatively more sensitive to age-dependent fuels, often occurred in higher elevation forests, lasted for extended periods, and accounted for 70% of total suppression costs. An improved distinction of fire type has implications for future projections and management. The area burned in non-SA fires is projected to increase 77% (±43%) by the mid-21st century with warmer and drier summers, and the SA area burned is projected to increase 64% (±76%), underscoring the need to evaluate the allocation and effectiveness of suppression investments.
Canal: A Flexible Interconnect Generator for Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Arrays (2022)

The architecture of a coarse-grained reconfigurable array (CGRA) interconnect has a significant effect on not only the flexibility of the resulting accelerator, but also its power, performance, and area. Design decisions that have complex trade-offs need to be explored to maintain efficiency and performance across a variety of evolving applications. This paper presents Canal, a Python-embedded domain-specific language (eDSL) and compiler for specifying and generating reconfigurable interconnects for CGRAs. Canal uses a graph-based intermediate representation (IR) that allows for easy hardware generation and tight integration with place and route tools. We evaluate Canal by constructing both a fully static interconnect and a hybrid interconnect with ready-valid signaling, and by conducting design space exploration of the interconnect architecture by modifying the switch box topology, the number of routing tracks, and the interconnect tile connections. Through the use of a graph-based IR for CGRA interconnects, the eDSL, and the interconnect generation system, Canal enables fast design space exploration and creation of CGRA interconnects.
Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Water Purification (2017)

In this decade, electrospun membrane based water purification system is an emerging area of research. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes offer a multitude of interesting features such as high specific surface area, high porosity, excellent functionalization ability and good mechanical behavior. This review deals with a detailed description of recent research works in non-woven electrospun water purification membranes. The roles, fabrication procedures, and purification mechanism of various hydrophobic and hydrophilic electrospun polymeric water purification membranes have been categorized and explained. Electrospun polymeric membrane employed under both adsorption and filtration principles have been classified and elucidated in detail. Enhancement of membrane properties by incorporation of inorganic nanofillers, blending with polymers, surface modification, and the use of thin film nanocomposite membranes is also discussed.
Energy efficient control of polychromatic solid state lighting using a sensor network (2010)

Motivated by opportunities in smart lighting, energy efficiency, and ubiquitous sensing, we present the design of polychromatic solid-state lighting controlled using a sensor network. We developed both a spectrally tunable light source and an interactive lighting testbed to study the effects of systems that adjust in response to changing environmental lighting conditions and users' requirements of color and intensity. Using both linear and nonlinear optimization, the setpoints of overdetermined systems (greater than three wavelengths) and the energy consumption of the network are adjusted according to the room's lighting conditions (e.g., lux and color temperature of multiple fixtures). Using these techniques, it is possible to maximize luminous efficacy or the color rendering index for a given intensity and color temperature. We detail the system modeling, design, optical calibration, and control theory required to modulate the luminous output and minimize wasted energy.
A Room Temperature Polyaniline Nanofiber Hydrogen Gas Sensor (2006)

Electro-conductive polyaniline (PANI) nanofiber based surface acoustic wave (SAW) gas sensors have been investigated with hydrogen (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) gas. A template-free, rapidly mixed method was employed to synthesize polyaniline nanofibers using chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline. The nanofibers were deposited onto a layered ZnO/64deg YX LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> SAW transducer for gas sensing applications. The novel sensor was exposed to various concentrations of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas at room temperature. The sensor response, defined as the relative variation in operating frequency of oscillation due to the introduction of the gas, was 3.04 kHz towards a 1% H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concentration. A relatively fast response time of 8 sec and a recovery time of 60 sec with good repeatability were observed at room temperature. Due to room temperature operation, the novel gas sensor is promising for environmental and industrial applications
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of Some 5‐Methylene‐2‐(5′‐aryl‐1′,3′, 4′‐oxa(thia)diazol‐2′‐yl)amino‐4‐thiazolones. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Focus Improvement for Highly Squinted One-Stationary BISAR Imaging Based On A Range Equivalent Model (2019)

Owing to the particular configuration of the bistatic synthetic aperture radar with stationary transmitter (ST-BISAR), image formation for such kind of radar is a great challenge for producing well-focused images. In this paper, an imaging algorithm based on the range equivalent ellipse model is proposed to deal with these issues. The construction of range equivalent model is the key for both the range processing and the equalization of azimuth-dependent DFMR. Analyzing the result of range processing combining linear range walk correction (LRWC), bulk range cell migration correction (RCMC) and secondary range compression (SRC), a range equivalent ellipse model is deduced to reveal the complicated relationship among azimuth variant echoes accurately, and helps derive the analytical expressions of the Doppler phases. Based on these results, an extended nonlinear chirp scaling (ENLCS) is utilized to equalize the space-variant ST-BISAR data, which contributes to a high-performance image formation. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated and demonstrated via simulations.
Thermal response analysis for transient jet impingements in confined crossflow (2008)

In the context of the development of an efficient coupling method which improves aerothermal unsteady simulation accuracy, ONERA has realized experimental validations based on standard turbofan engine configuration. The objective of the present work is to carry out a detailed investigation of flow field and wall temperature in two different cases of&#13;\ntransient jet impingements. In a second time, experimental data are confronted with first numerical results obtained with ONERA method.
Whole Teflon valves for handling droplets (2016)

We propose and test a new whole-Teflon gate valve for handling droplets. The valve allows droplet plugs to pass through without disturbing them. This is possible due to the geometric design, the choice of material and lack of any pulses of flow generated by closing or opening the valve. The duct through the valve resembles a simple segment of tubing, without constrictions, change in lumen or side pockets. There are no extra sealing materials with different wettability or chemical resistance. The only material exposed to liquids is FEP Teflon, which is resistant to aggressive chemicals and fully biocompatible. The valve can be integrated into microfluidic systems: we demonstrate a complex system for culturing bacteria in hundreds of microliter droplet chemostats. The valve effectively isolates modules of the system to increase precision of operations on droplets. We verified that the valve allowed millions of droplet plugs to safely pass through, without any cross-contamination with bacteria between the droplets. The valve can be used in automating complex microfluidic systems for experiments in biochemistry, biology and organic chemistry.
Combined exposure to Maneb and Paraquat alters transcriptional regulation of neurogenesis-related genes in mice models of Parkinson’s disease (2012)

We report that adult neurogenesis is highly susceptible to multiple "risk factors" for PD, including α-synuclein accumulation, LRRK2 G2019 mutation and exposure to environmental toxins. We identified specific groups of genes that are responsive to each stressor, while uncovering a novel function for Fox transcription factors in PD.
Intraband conductivity response in graphene observed using ultrafast infrared-pump visible-probe spectroscopy (2012)

Graphene, a truly two-dimensional material with a unique linear energy-momentum dispersion, demonstrates novel photonic properties such as universal absorption and conductivity, with applications including terahertz lasing, broadband midinfrared detectors, and tunable ultrafast lasers. Understanding the ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics of photocarriers in graphene's unique relativistic band structure is important for the development of such high-speed, graphene-based photonic devices, as well as from a fundamental point of view. Here, our experiments indicate the relativistic nature of a nonequilibrium gas of electrons and holes photogenerated in a graphene monolayer as early as 100 fs after photoexcitation. We observe a nonlinear scaling in the Drude-like optical conductivity of the photocarriers with respect to their density, in striking contrast to the linear scaling expected from conventional materials with parabolic dispersion relations. Our measurements also indicate that hot photocarriers cool on a sub-100-fs time scale via interactions with optical phonons. These results elucidate the unique nature of the ultrafast dynamics of photocarriers in a relativistic material, in contrast to conventional materials, and provide a way to manipulate graphene's optical conductivity for applications in photonics and plasmonics.
DoE: Support for Participation in the 43rd Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics (2013)

The Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (DAMOP) of the American Physical Society (APS) is seeking travel support for graduate students to attend their 2012 annual conference, which takes place June 4 to June 8 in Anaheim, California.
Mycobacterium riyadhense sp. nov., a non-tuberculous species identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by a commercial line-probe assay (2009)

A non-chromogenic, slowly growing Mycobacterium strain was isolated from a maxillary sinus lavage from a symptomatic patient in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It was initially identified as a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by a commercial line-probe assay. Its 16S rRNA, hsp65 and rpoB gene and 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer sequences were unique; phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence groups this organism close to Mycobacterium szulgai and Mycobacterium malmoense. Its unique biochemical properties and mycolic acid profile support separate species status. We propose the name Mycobacterium riyadhense sp. nov. to accommodate this strain. The type strain is NLA000201958(T) (=CIP 109808(T) =DSM 45176(T)).
Expression of Cathepsin B, D and L Protein in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (2002)

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common childhood autoimmune rheumatic disease and like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it is characterized by inflammation and the progressive destruction of joints. In RA, cathepsins as proteinases play a major role in destroying synovial tissue and cartilage matrix. So far no data on cathepsin expression in pannus tissue of HA patients exist. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression levels of cathepsins B, D, H, and L in HA and to compare them with those in RA. Synovectomy tissue from 16 HA and 12 RA patients was investigated for cathepsin expression levels by Western blot analysis. Expression of cathepsins B, D and L was on comparable levels in the synovectomy tissue of HA and RA patients. The following graduation of expression was determined: cathepsin D > cathepsin L > cathepsin B. Cathepsin H was neither found to be expressed in HA nor in RA patients. The expression levels of cathepsins in pannus tissue showed no clear difference between patients with systemic JIA and patients with monoarticular JIA. In summary, the comparable expression of cathepsins B, D and L in RA and JIA synovectomy tissue suggests that they may play a similarly important role in destroying synovial tissue and cartilage matrix in the course of HA and RA.
Stratum lacunosum-moleculare interneurons of hippocampal CA1 region. II. Intrasomatic and intradendritic recordings of local circuit synaptic interactions (1988)

Simultaneous intracellular recordings were obtained from stratum lacunosum-moleculare (L-M) interneurons and CA1 cells, and their local circuit synaptic interactions were examined. Synaptic interactions with pyramidal cells were evaluated in both intrasomatic and intradendritic pyramidal cell recordings. Stimulation of L-M interneurons evoked small-amplitude IPSPs in 21% of intrasomatic (9/42 cell pairs) and in 26% of intradendritic (11/43) pyramidal cell recordings. The IPSP mean peak amplitude was 0.91 mV for intrasomatic and 0.67 mV for intradendritic recordings. IPSPs had slow onset and decay (approximately 80-90 msec), decreased in amplitude with membrane hyperpolarization, and were not associated with any apparent change in input resistance. No physiologic evidence of synaptic connections was found from pyramidal cells to L-M interneurons. Inhibitory synaptic interactions were also seen between L-M interneurons and stratum pyramidale interneurons (2 of 4 cell pairs). The IPSPs recorded in pyramidale interneurons were similar to the IPSPs recorded in pyramidal cells. During simultaneous recordings, L-M interneurons were activated at a shorter latency, i.e., in a feedforward manner with respect to pyramidal cells. Thus, L-M interneurons may mediate feedforward inhibition of CA1 pyramidal cells. The L-M interneuron-evoked IPSPs in pyramidal cells share some characteristics of the late IPSP recorded in CA1 pyramidal cells and may therefore contribute to this component of the IPSP.
The enhanced performance of a Si–As–Se ovonic threshold switching selector (2021)

Si–As–Se based OTS materials are studied, the increasing content of silicon leads to a larger threshold voltage and smaller off-state current.
Artificial intelligence-aided CT segmentation for body composition analysis: a validation study (2021)

The AI-based tool for quantification of SAT and muscle volumes showed high accuracy and reproducibility and provided a body composition analysis that is more relevant than manual analysis of a single CT slice.
How to strongly link data and its medium: the paper case (2010)

Establishing a strong link between the paper medium and the data represented on it is an interesting alternative to defeat unauthorised copy and content modification attempts. Many applications would benefit from it, such as show tickets, contracts, banknotes or medical prescripts. In this study, the authors present a low-cost solution that establishes such a link by combining digital signatures, physically unclonable functions and fuzzy extractors. The proposed protocol provides two levels of security that can be used according to the time available for verifying the signature and the trust in the paper holder. In practice, this solution uses ultra-violet fibres that are poured into the paper mixture. Fuzzy extractors are then used to build identifiers for each sheet of paper and a digital signature is applied to the combination of these identifiers and the data to be protected from copy and modification. The authors additionally provide a careful statistical analysis of the robustness and amount of randomness reached by the extractors. The authors conclude that identifiers of 72 bits can be derived, which is assumed to be sufficient for the proposed application. However, more randomness, robustness and unclonability could be obtained at the cost of a more expensive process, keeping exactly the same methodology.
Comparative Effects of Chlormadinone Acetate and Its 3α- and 3β-Hydroxy Metabolites on Progesterone, Androgen and Glucocorticoid Receptors (2009)

Binding assays at human receptors showed similarly high affinities of CMA with the progesterone and androgen receptors and a 5 times lower affinity with the glucocorticoid receptor. At all receptor types, CMA had the highest, 3alpha-OH-CMA the lowest and 3beta-OH-CMA an intermediate affinity. Animal studies revealed progestomimetic and antiandrogenic activities of CMA, 3alpha-OH-CMA and 3beta-OH-CMA and glucocorticoid activities of CMA and 3alpha-OH-CMA.
The Same Drug but a Different Mechanism of Action:  Comparison of Free Doxorubicin with Two Different N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Copolymer-Bound Doxorubicin Conjugates in EL-4 Cancer Cell Line (2007)

Doxorubicin is one of the most potent anti-tumor drugs with a broad spectrum of use. To reduce its toxic effect and improve its pharmacokinetics, we conjugated it to an HPMA copolymer carrier that enhances its passive accumulation within solid tumors via the EPR effect and decreases its cytotoxicity to normal, noncancer cells. In this study, we compared the antiproliferative, pro-survival, and death signals triggered in EL-4 cancer cells exposed to free doxorubicin and doxorubicin conjugated to a HPMA copolymer carrier via either enzymatically (PK1) or hydrolytically (HYD) degradable bonds. We have previously shown that the intracellular distribution of free doxorubicin, HYD, and PK1 is markedly different. Here, we demonstrated that these three agents greatly differ also in the antiproliferative effect and cell death signals they trigger. JNK phosphorylation sharply increased in cells treated with HYD, while treatment with free doxorubicin moderately decreased and treatment with PK1 even strongly decreased it. On the other hand, treatment with free doxorubicin greatly increased p38 phosphorylation, while PK1 and HYD increased it slightly. PK1 also significantly increased ERK phosphorylation, while both the free doxorubicin and HYD conjugate slightly decreased it. Long-term inhibition of JNK significantly increased both proliferation and viability of EL-4 cells treated with free doxorubicin, showing that the JNK signaling pathway could be critical for mediating cell death in EL-4 cells exposed to free doxorubicin. Both activation of caspase 3 and decreased binding activity of the p50 subunit of NFκB were observed in cells treated with free doxorubicin and HYD, while no such effects were seen in cells incubated with PK1. Analysis of the expression of genes involved in apoptosis and regulation of the cell cycle demonstrated that free doxorubicin and HYD have very similar mechanisms of action, while PK1 has very different characteristics.