gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new look at DCT-type transforms (1989)

A computationally efficient DCT- (discrete-cosine-transform) type orthogonal transform obtained by using a construction method developed by W. Kou and H. Zu (1986) is proposed. A recursive relation exists between a higher order and a lower order form of the kernel matrix of the transform and includes the DCT matrices as submatrices. The characteristics of the proposed transform and several fast transform algorithms are discussed. The proposed transform offers a higher computational efficiency than the traditional even discrete cosine transform and yields a mean-squared error close to that of the DCT. Since the HDCT has window spectral structures, it can be used in signal filtering and speech and image processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An evaluation of electrografted copper seed layers for enhanced metallization of deep TSV structures (2008)

In this paper, we present an evaluation of electrografted seed layers as an alternative metallization route to usual PVD liners for deep Through Silicon Vias (TSV). The capability of the electrografted layers to provide a better step coverage is demonstrated in high aspect ratio structures. The positive impact of the seed layer quality on the subsequent filling steps by conventional copper electrodeposition is also presented.
Maleic vinyl ether activation of murine macrophages against lung-metastasizing tumors. (1981)

A 16,500 molecular weight fraction of maleic vinyl ether (MVE-2) induced tumoristatic and tumoricidal activity in peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice following i.p. administration. Growth of B16 melanoma cells in vitro was inhibited up to 85% by MVE-2-activated, but not resident, peritoneal macrophages. In a tritiated thymidine release assay, B16 melanoma cells, and to a lesser extent Madison 109 lung carcinoma cells, were also sensitive to the cytolytic action of MVE-2-activated peritoneal macrophages. Administration i.v. of MVE-2 resulted in tumoristatic and tumoricidal activity in alveolar macrophages against radiolabeled B16 and Madison 109 lung carcinoma target cells. MVE-2-activated alveolar macrophages significantly inhibited L5178Y lymphoma colony formation following a 48-hr macrophage-tumor cell coincubation. BALB/c mice bearing the lung-metastasizing Madison 109 lung carcinoma footpad tumor were given MVE-2 i.v., using the same dosing regimen that induced alveolar macrophages to be tumoricidal in vitro. Significant increases in life span were observed, suggesting that the antitumor activity of MVE-2 in this tumor system may be mediated by the activation of alveolar macrophages, with a resulting decrease in metastatic growth in the lung.
The perceived roughness of resistive virtual textures (2006)

In previous work, we demonstrated that people reliably perceive variations in surface roughness when textured surfaces are explored with a rigid link between the surface and the skin [e.g., Klatzky and Lederman 1999; Klatzky et al. 2003]. Parallel experiments here investigated the potential of a force-feedback mouse to render surfaces varying in roughness. The stimuli were surfaces with alternating regions of high and low resistance to movement in the x (frontal) dimension (called ridges and grooves, respectively). Experiment 1 showed that magnitude ratings of roughness varied systematically with the spatial period of the resistance variation. Experiments 2 and 3 used a factorial design to disentangle the contributions of ridge and groove width. The stimuli constituted eight values of groove width at each of five levels of ridge width (Experiment 2) or the reverse (Experiment 3). Roughness magnitude increased with ridge width while remaining essentially invariant over groove width. Kinematic variations in exploration were observed across the surfaces. The data point to the promise of using inexpensive devices to create virtual textural variations under conditions of unconstrained exploration.
Aspiration and Injection of the Knee Joint: Approach Portal (2014)

Aspiration and injection of the knee joint is a commonly performed medical procedure. Injection of corticosteroid for the treatment of osteoarthritis is the most common reason for knee joint injection, and is performed as an office procedure. Debate exists among practitioners as to the 'best' approach portal for knee injection. This paper examines the various approach portals for injection and/or aspiration of the knee joint, as well as the accuracy of each approach. Searches were made of electronic databases, and appropriate papers were identified and hand-searched. Although there is some evidence that particular approach portals may be more efficacious in the presence of specific knee joint pathologies, generally, in experienced hands, it is of no clinical consequence as to which approach portal is utilised for aspiration or injection of the knee joint. No approach portal is 100% accurate, and the accuracy of injection of the knee joint may be enhanced by the use of techniques such as ultrasound. Practitioners are reminded that they should continuously refine and practice their preferred technique. Knee joint aspiration and injection is a common, simple, and generally safe office procedure.
Chlorination of 2-methyl- and 2-phenylindole with sodium hypochlorite. Formation of intermediates and their reactions with alkaline methanol (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChlorination of 2-methyl- and 2-phenylindole with sodium hypochlorite. Formation of intermediates and their reactions with alkaline methanolMichael De Rosa, Lante Carbognani, and Ayheza FebresCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 10, 2054–2059Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00323a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00323a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views611Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Accurate Full Body Scanning from a Single Fixed 3D Camera (2012)

3D body modeling has been a long studied topic in computer vision and computer graphics. While several solutions have been proposed using either multiple sensors or a moving sensor, we propose here an approach when the user turns, in a natural motion, in front of a fixed 3D low cost camera. This opens the door to a wide range of applications where scanning is performed at home. Our scanning system can be easily set up and the instructions are straightforward to follow. We propose an articulated, part-based cylindrical representation for the body model, and show that accurate 3D shape can be automatically estimated from 4 key views detected from a depth video sequence. The registration between 4 key views is performed in a top-bottom-top manner which fully considers the kinematic constraints. We validate our approach on a large number of users, and compare accuracy to that of a reference laser scan. We show that even using a simplified model (5 cylinders) an average error of 5mm can be consistently achieved.
Prediction of potential and current density in galvanic corrosion and cathodic protection systems. (1988)

A three dimensional boundary element method was developed for predicting electro-galvanic field responses due to anodic-cathodic interaction. Although the governing equation is linear (Laplace), the boundary condition, which is enforced based on experimentally determined polarization curves, is generally non-linear. Therefore, Newton-Raphson iterative procedure was employed in the present prediction method. An experiment was also conducted on galvanic corrosion of a cylindrical vessel which was made of cast iron and stainless steel, and filled with 0.0165% NaCl solution. In addition, the effect of cathodic protection by placing a small piece of aluminum plate on the cylindrical vessel was examined experimentally. The validity and usefulness of the present prediction method were demonstrated by comparing the calculated results and the experimental data.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Novel Toll-like Receptor Tlr13 (2009)

Little has been known about Tlr13 (Toll-like receptor 13), a novel member of the Toll-like receptor family. To elucidate the molecular basis of murine Tlr13 gene expression, the activity of the Tlr13 gene promoter was characterized. Reporter gene analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that Tlr13 gene transcription was regulated through three cis-acting elements that interacted with the Ets2, Sp1, and PU.1 transcription factors. Furthermore, our work suggests that these transcription factors may cooperate, culminating in maximal transcription of the Tlr13 gene. In contrast, NF-kappaB appeared to act as an inhibitor of Tlr13 transcription. Overexpression of Ets2 caused a strong increase in the transcriptional activity of the Tlr13 promoter; however, overexpression of NF-kappaB p65 dramatically inhibited it. Additionally, interferon-beta is capable of acting Tlr13 transcription, but the activated signaling of lipopolysaccharide/TLR4 and peptidoglycan/TLR2 strongly inhibited the Tlr13 gene promoter. Thus, these findings reveal the mechanism of Tlr13 gene regulation, thereby providing insight into the function of Tlr13 in the immune response to pathogen.
<title>Encapsulation of viable animal cells for hybrid bioartificial organs by the Biosil method</title> (1997)

Gas phase silicon alkoxides react with the wet surface of mammalian cells, affording a stable and homogeneous layer of amorphous SiO<SUB>2</SUB> modified by Si-CH<SUB>3</SUB> and Si-H bonds. Layer thickness may be controlled by exposure time. The layer does not suppress cell viability or functionality, and may be applied to cells supported on a trapping network or to cell aggregates. H4-II-E-C3 rat hepatoma cells, Hep G2 human cancer cells and human fibroblasts on various supports were encapsulated by the SiO<SUB>2</SUB> layer and studied in terms of glucose utilization and <SUP>3</SUP>H-leucin incorporation into secreted proteins. In the case of pancreatic islets, encapsulation was carried out without supports, so that original islet volume and features were maintained. In vitro results indicate preservation of vitality and function, as tested by insulin production.
Oceanic applications of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy: laboratory validation (2005)

New chemical sensors are needed for both present day expeditionary oceanography and an emerging new phase involving long term in situ ocean observations. Over the past four decades, a new spectrochemical technique, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), has been under development for the identification of the elemental constituents of materials. This technique uses a laser to create a spark or plasma on a sample. The plasma emission is then analyzed with a spectrometer to determine its elemental composition. Recently, LIBS has been identified as a viable tool for in situ field measurements because it is able to analyze all forms of matter (solids, liquids, and gases), can operate in a stand-off mode, and is non-invasive and non-destructive. A marine LIBS sensor would be a useful tool for studying many environments in the ocean, especially mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal vents where in situ measurements are difficult due to the presence of high-temperature, corrosive fluids. A feasibility assessment of oceanic LIBS in the laboratory has been initiated. A high pressure chamber was designed and built for investigating the effect of realistic ocean environments on the LIBS signal. Preliminary work shows that LIBS can successfully detect Li, Na, K, Ca, Mn, and Zn in bulk aqueous solutions at pressures up to 272 atm, making LIBS a viable technique for deep ocean chemical sensing.
Rate-Distortion Performance of Lossy Compressed Sensing of Sparse Sources (2018)

We investigate lossy compressed sensing (CS) of a hidden, or remote, source, where a sensor observes a sparse information source indirectly. The compressed noisy measurements are communicated to the decoder for signal reconstruction with the aim to minimize the mean square error distortion. An analytically tractable lower bound to the remote rate-distortion function (RDF), i.e., the conditional remote RDF, is derived by providing support side information to the encoder and decoder. For this setup, the best encoder separates into an estimation step and a transmission step. A variant of the Blahut-Arimoto algorithm is developed to numerically approximate the remote RDF. Furthermore, a novel entropy coding based quantized CS method is proposed. Numerical results illustrate the main rate-distortion characteristics of the lossy CS, and compare the performance of practical quantized CS methods against the proposed limits.
Squeeze Cast β-Si3N4-Al Composites (2002)

Ceramic-metal composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties if the phases form an interpenetrating network. high-porosity β-Si3N4 rod-like networks show the highest bend strength at given porosity. These networks, though very strong, can easily be machined which may also be of advantage for the Al-infiltrated state. Here, porous high-strength β-Si3N4 preforms, partially made from low-cost Si3N4 powder, were infiltrated with an Si-containing Al alloy by squeeze casting. The resulting co-continuous composites show excellent high-temperature strength which, when associated with estimated thermal conductivity of >50 W/mK, would have potential applications as e.g., heat sinks, wear-resistant parts like disc brake rotors, etc.
Battery energy support to Cascaded H-Bridge converter fed large scale PV system during unbalanced power generation (2020)

In this paper, a large-scale grid-connected PV system along with a battery energy system is analyzed for unbalanced power generation in the PV system. The system is connected to the medium-voltage grid through a Cascaded H-Bridge converter where each cell of the converter has individual PV and an integrated battery system. With the integrated battery energy system, the intermittent and unequal power generation in the PV modules can be highly smoothed. However, the interphase power unbalance in the converter remains. To inject balanced current in presence of unbalanced power generation in the phase legs, a novel method of fundamental frequency zero-sequence voltage injection (FFZSI) method is proposed. The extent of unbalance that can be tolerated by the converter without going into overmodulation and without sending unbalance power into the grid is established. Simulation results are included to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Enhanced XOR network coding scheme with OFDM for two-way relay networks (2016)

In this paper, a flexible scheme with exclusive-OR (XOR) coding is suggested for improving error performance in two-way relay networks. The sources, exchanging their packets through relay(s), encode multiple packets into one packet and the encoded packet helps correct decoding of actual packets exchanged between sources. We also employ orthogonal frequency division multiplexing in the considered two-way relay network to counteract the frequency selective fading nature of wireless channels. The proposed scheme serves to attain frequency diversity gain and numerical results show that this scheme gives better coded bit error ratio performance than the conventional scheme.
Mungbean Cultivar, ‘Suhyeon’ with Short Stem Length, Disasters Resistance and High Yielding (2017)

A mungbean variety 'Suhyeon' (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) was derived from the cross between 'Jeonnam14' and 'IT208777' at the Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services (JARES) in 2010. 'Suhyeon' has erect growth habit, heart leaflet, green hypocotyl, black and straight pod when matured, and dull green seed surface. The stem length of 'Suhyeon' was 66 , which was 5 less than check variety 'Owool'. The pods number per plant of 'Suhyeon' was 24, which was 5 more than check variety. The sprout yield ratio of 'Suhyeon' was 8.67 times, which was 16% more than check variety. The contents of starch, protein and fatty acid of seed were 62.7, 27.3, 1.89%, respectively. The average yield of 'Suhyeon' was 1.74 ton/, which increased 8% more than that of check variety. (Variety registration number: 5107
A Wideband Double-Layer Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Fed by Microstrip Line Along Non-Radiating Edge (2011)

This paper proposes a broadband double-layer rectangular microstrip antenna(DL-RMSA) fed from the non-radiating edge of a bottom patch.The characteristics of the antenna has been analyzed via simulation tool.This design shows that cutting 3 to 5 slots along the co-polarization into the parasitic patch can effectively suppress the cross polarization radiation as well as enhances the impedance bandwidth.As compared to the conventional DL-RMSAs,the proposed antenna presents a 30% broader impedance bandwidth,while maintaining the cross polarization level.Using this antenna as an element in the construction of a corresponding array can simply the feed network and yield a co-planar-fed microstrip array with broad operation bandwidth,high radiation efficiency and wide-angle scanning capability.A X-band demo array of 8×8 elements has been fabricated and tested.The measurement results show that this array antenna exhibits low cross-polarization level and high radiation efficiency within a relative bandwidth of 17.6%.
10-Gb/s optical transmission up to 253 km via standard single-mode fiber using the method of dispersion-supported transmission (1994)

Using the new method of dispersion-supported transmission, 10 Gb/s signals at 1.53 /spl mu/m wavelength are transmitted on standard single-mode fiber with zero dispersion at 1.3 /spl mu/m via the record length of 253 km without in-line regeneration. Detailed experiments with a directly modulated laser demonstrate the system performance for different fiber lengths ranging from 0 up to 253 km.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Biobased Biodegradable Waterborne Hyperbranched Polyurethane as an Ecofriendly Sustainable Material (2014)

Research thrust to address the problems confronting the use of conventional polymers like high volatile organic compound (VOC) content still remains a challenge. In this context, the authors report the synthesis of a sustainable and biodegradable waterborne hyperbranched polyurethane (WHPU) using polyphenolic tannic acid in lieu of vegetable oil as the biobased component. The chemical structure of WHPU was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. An UV–visible peak at the wavelength of 282 nm confirmed the presence of catechol moiety in WHPU. WHPU exhibited pronounced thermostability and desirable performance (tensile strength, 6.87 MPa; elongation at break, 315%; scratch hardness, 5.5 kg for 15 wt % tannic acid based WHPU). The radical scavenging and hemolytic assays of WHPU showed their potent antioxidant activity and cytocompatibility with the erythrocytes, respectively. Furthermore, WHPU exhibited bacterial degradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, the above results forward the synthesized WHPU as a potent ecofriendly and sustainable polymeric material by a simple approach that possesses a higher degree of sustainability over a purely petrochemical route.
Strength Pattern of Cancellous Bone at the Ankle Joint (1988)

The strength pattern of cancellous bone was examined in 17 ankles by a cylinder compression test and in eight distal tibial specimens by an osteopenetration test. With the compression test, 6 mm levels were examined, five levels at the tibia and three levels at the talus. Cylinders were obtained from all levels from corresponding locations. The cylinders were tested at a constant deformation rate of 5 mm/min until failure. From the load deformation curves ultimate strength, yield strength, yield strain, ultimate strain and elastic modulus were calculated. The penetration test involves resection of the joint surface just above the subchondral bone plate at the distal tibia. Measuring force and displacement, a 2.5 mm conical needle was pushed into the bone at 25 locations in a 5 × 5 matrix. The force-displacement curves were integrated at intervals of 2 mm. Three levels were evaluated, corresponding approximately to the first level in the compression test. The study indicates the presence of a strong antero-lateral part and a slightly weaker postero-medial part at all levels in the tibial and talar bone. The compression test at level 1 and the penetration test at levels 1, 2, and 3 in the distal tibia revealed a high strength area crossing the central part, in contrast to the proximal levels of the tibia where the central parts were very weak. At the talus, a high strength area ran along the lateral and posterior border. There were no significant differences in the profiles of ultimate strength, yield strength, and elastic modulus.