gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and raft polymerization of arginine containing monomer to investigate the cell membrane translocation (2014)

In this study, a higly cationic biosynthetic polymer, poly(Arginine Methyl Ester Methacrylamide) (p(AMME)) has been designed as a potential component of intracellular delivery systems for biological macromolecular therapeutics such as nucleic acids. Accordingly, an arginine derivative monomer; Arginine Methyl Ester Methacrylamide (AMME) was synthesized by the reaction of an active ester monomer, pentafluorophenylmethacrylate (PFMA) and the L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (AME) in the presence of excess triethyl amine. AMME was then polymerized via both conventional free radical polymerization and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The polymers p(AMME) were characterized via nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography techniques. The conventional free radical polymerization experiments yielded polymers with uncontrolled molecular weights and wide molecular weight distribution, whereas RAFT polymerizations performed both in aqueous solution and organic solvent yielded polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. The RAFT polymerization kinetic experiments showed the RAFT-controlled character of AMME polymerization in the presence of 4-cyano-4-(ethylthiocarbonylthioylthio) sulfanylpentanoic acid (ECT) as a RAFT agent. The cytotoxicity of P(AMME) before and after aminolysis was determined via MTT assay using A549 human lung cancer cell line. P(AMME) before aminolysis of the RAFT end-group displayed dose-dependent toxicity after 24 hours incubation with cells. It was highly toxic to cells at 25 μM concentration, killing almost more than 60% of cells after 24 hours incubation. On the other hand, the aminolyzed polymer has no significant toxicity in the concentration range studied (upto 500 μM), which was comparable with octaarginine, a widely used transfection agent. In conclusion, well-defined arginine-polymers synthesized in this study show potential for further investigations as potential components of intracellular delivery systems for therapeutics.
Gluconeogenesis in Isolated Chicken Hepatocytes: Effect of Fatty Acids, β-Hydroxybutrate, Ethanol, and Various Pyruvate/Lactate Ratios (1981)

The effect of fatty acids beta-hydroxybutyrate, ethanol, and different pyruvate/lactate ratios on gluconeogenesis in isolated chicken hepatocytes was investigated. Glucogenesis was significantly affected by a change in the oxidation-reduction (pyruvate/lactate) ratio, and this effect was greater than could be accounted for by the additive effects of these substrates. Substituting lactate with nongluconeogenic substrates, such as beta-hydroxybutyrate or ethanol, increased the formation of glucose by 80 and 200%, respectively, demonstrating the beneficial effect of the increased reducing equivalents in the hepatocytes. Oleic acid per se had no effect but when added complexed with albumin, it had a negative effect on gluconeogenesis.
H.264 Fast Intra-Prediction Mode Decision Based On Frequency Characteristic (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence and guidance for management (2011)

Even at low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal, patients with cardiometabolic abnormalities remain at high risk of cardiovascular events. This paper aims (i) to critically appraise evidence for elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as cardiovascular risk factors, and (ii) to advise on therapeutic strategies for management. Current evidence supports a causal association between elevated TRL and their remnants, low HDL-C, and cardiovascular risk. This interpretation is based on mechanistic and genetic studies for TRL and remnants, together with the epidemiological data suggestive of the association for circulating triglycerides and cardiovascular disease. For HDL, epidemiological, mechanistic, and clinical intervention data are consistent with the view that low HDL-C contributes to elevated cardiovascular risk; genetic evidence is unclear however, potentially reflecting the complexity of HDL metabolism. The Panel believes that therapeutic targeting of elevated triglycerides (≥ 1.7 mmol/L or 150 mg/dL), a marker of TRL and their remnants, and/or low HDL-C (<1.0 mmol/L or 40 mg/dL) may provide further benefit. The first step should be lifestyle interventions together with consideration of compliance with pharmacotherapy and secondary causes of dyslipidaemia. If inadequately corrected, adding niacin or a fibrate, or intensifying LDL-C lowering therapy may be considered. Treatment decisions regarding statin combination therapy should take into account relevant safety concerns, i.e. the risk of elevation of blood glucose, uric acid or liver enzymes with niacin, and myopathy, increased serum creatinine and cholelithiasis with fibrates. These recommendations will facilitate reduction in the substantial cardiovascular risk that persists in patients with cardiometabolic abnormalities at LDL-C goal.
Cylinder Pressure-Based Virtual Sensor for In-Cycle Pilot Mass Estimation (2018)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this article, a virtual sensor for the estimation of the injected pilot mass in-cycle is proposed. The method provides an early estimation of the pilot mass before its combustion is finished. Furthermore, the virtual sensor can also estimate pilot masses when its combustion is incomplete. The pilot mass estimation is conducted by comparing the calculated heat release from in-cylinder pressure measurements to a model of the vaporization delay, ignition delay, and the combustion dynamics. A new statistical approach is proposed for the detection of the start of vaporization and the start of combustion. The discrete estimations, obtained at the start of vaporization and the start of combustion, are optimally combined and integrated in a Kalman Filter that estimates the pilot mass during the vaporization and combustion.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The virtual sensor was programmed in a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and its performance tested in a Scania D13 Diesel engine. The experimental results showed that the method can effectively improve the in-cycle pilot mass estimation. The accuracy, quantified by the average error between the actual injected mass and the estimated mass, was improved from an induced initial bias error of ±3 mg/st to a final error of ±0.1 mg/st, with a precision of ±0.45 mg/st. A level of precision of ±0.5 mg/st was already obtained at the peak of the pilot heat release. The suggested method is robust against changing operating conditions based on the calibration points. With the proposed parametrization, this is limited to regions where the parameter dependence is linear. The maximum calibration bias error for points out of the calibration range was within ±0.5 mg/st, with a precision of ±0.8 mg/st. In addition, the method was found to be robust against most input measurement errors and parameter bias. The major error sensitivity was detected for top dead center (TDC) offset. Different fuels than those used for calibration were found to result in an error proportional to the lower heating value error.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The estimation framework can easily integrate more complex models to allow the estimation of greater pilot masses and multiple injections. The pilot mass estimation can be used to predict the pilot combustion and its effect on the main injection. This allows for better in-cycle controllability, that is, ability to adjust the main injection timing and duration, cycle-to-cycle control, and adaptation of pilot and main injections. The closed-loop control of the combustion enables improved engine performance and efficiency and reduced emissions variability.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Hydration and ion-exchange process in carboxylic membranes. Part 1.—Infrared spectroscopic investigation of the acid membranes (1982)

An infrared investigation of Teflon FEP and PTFE membranes grafted with poly(acrylic acid) is performed. The changes in the principal absorption bands are examined as a function of the degree of humidity, the density of grafting and the nature of the polymeric matrix of the acid membrane. The prominent role played by the dimerisation of carboxylic groups which gives rise to a network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds is assessed.
The Requirement of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies for Environmental Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (2021)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is threatening modern medicine. While the primary cost of AMR is paid in the healthcare domain, the agricultural and environmental domains are also reservoirs of resistant microorganisms and hence perpetual sources of AMR infections in humans. Consequently, the World Health Organisation and other international agencies are calling for surveillance of AMR in all three domains to guide intervention and risk reduction strategies. Technologies for detecting AMR that have been developed for healthcare settings are not immediately transferable to environmental and agricultural settings, and limited dialogue between the domains has hampered opportunities for cross-fertilisation to develop modified or new technologies. In this feature, we discuss the limitations of currently available AMR sensing technologies used in the clinic for sensing in other environments, and what is required to overcome these limitations.
Facilitating viral vector movement enhances heterologous protein production in an established plant system (2022)

Molecular farming technology using transiently transformed Nicotiana plants offers an economical approach to the pharmaceutical industry to produce an array of protein targets including vaccine antigens and therapeutics. It can serve as a desirable alternative approach for those proteins that are challenging or too costly to produce in large quantities using other heterologous protein expression systems. However, since cost metrics are such a critical factor in selecting a production host, any system-wide modifications that can increase recombinant protein yields are key to further improving the platform and making it applicable for a wider range of target molecules. Here, we report on the development of a new approach to improve target accumulation in an established plant-based expression system that utilizes viral-based vectors to mediate transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. We show that by engineering the host plant to support viral vectors to spread more effectively between host cells through plasmodesmata, protein target accumulation can be increased by up to approximately 60%.
Subanesthetic Ketamine Infusion Therapy: A Retrospective Analysis of a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (2004)

This retrospective review suggests that limited subanesthetic inpatient infusions of ketamine may offer a promising therapeutic option in the treatment of appropriately selected patients with intractable CRPS. More study is needed to further establish the safety and efficacy of this novel approach.
Abstract 201: Non-invasive, Mechanical Treatment for Atherosclerosis (2018)

Background: Atherosclerosis is the foremost cause of cardiovascular diseases, and results in millions of deaths worldwide. All current treatments for atherosclerosis involve, at the least, minimally invasive surgery. The treatment procedures result in a necessary recovery time, have a risk of complication, and do not reverse plaque buildup, but rather offset the symptoms. Preventative measures depend on a reliance on pharmaceuticals to slow the growth of atherosclerotic regions. Methods: Lipoproteins were isolated from human plasma, acetylation of lipoproteins was performed. RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with Ac-LDL for 24hrs. After 24hrs of incubation, cells were treated with ultrasonic waves (Vevo 3100) followed by 2hrs incubation at 37°C. RNA was isolated, cDNA was synthesized and quantitative RT-PCR was performed to detect mRNA levels of cholesterol transport as well as pro-inflammatory gene expressions. Foam cells were stained with Oil Red O after the ultrasonic wave treatment. Results: Reduced Oil Red O staining was observed in sound waves treated foam cells as compared to untreated cells. Gene analysis showed the increased cholesterol transport genes such as ABCA1 and ABCG1, and reduced pro-inflammatory gene expressions were observed. Conclusions: This is the first study that demonstrates that ultrasonic wave treatment could be an effective non/minimally-invasive treatment for atherosclerosis. This novel treatment has the capability to reverse plaque buildup naturally, without the need for surgery, and without the use of pharmaceuticals.
Wie groß darf's sein? (2010)

Abstract Die Anzahl der Bildpunkte oder Pixel in Bildsensoren ist sowohl bei Fotoapparaten und Handy‐Kameras, als auch bei digitalen Kamerasystemen für Messzwecke, wie sie in der industriellen Bildverarbeitung oder in der Forschung zu finden sind, von zentraler Bedeutung. Generell ist der Trend zu höheren Auflösungen erkennbar, weil sie mehr Informationsgehalt versprechen. Begrenzt durch die existierenden Formate der abbildenden Optiken und deren Preis sowie durch akzeptable Baugrößen bei Kameragehäusen und durch den Ertrag pro Wafer ergeben sich deshalb bei höheren Auflösungen kleinere Abmessungen der eigentlichen Pixel. Da man in den meisten Anwendungen nicht unbegrenzt Licht zur Verfügung hat, stellt auch die Empfindlichkeit der Pixel einen sehr wichtigen Parameter für den erfolgreichen Einsatz einer Kamera dar. Welchen Einfluss hat also die Pixel‐Größe auf die Bildqualität und Empfindlichkeit genau?
Reducing the cost of branches by using registers (1990)

In an attempt to reduce the number of operand memory references, many RISC machines have thirty-two or more general-purpose registers (e.g., MIPS, ARM, Spectrum, 88K). Without special compiler optimizations, such as inlining or interprocedural register allocation, it is rare that a compiler will use a majority of these registers for a function. This paper explores the possibility of using some of these registers to hold branch target addresses and the corresponding instruction at each branch target. To evaluate the effectiveness of this scheme, two machines were designed and emulated. One machine had thirty-two general-purpose registers used for data references, while the other machine had sixteen data registers and sixteen registers used for branching. The results show that using registers for branching can effectively reduce the cost of transfers of control.
Photopolymerization as an Innovative Detection Technique for Low-Density Microarrays (2008)

One limitation that accounts in part for the scarcity of commercially available diagnostic microarrays is the expense associated with fluorescence detection. Here we present a colorimetric method based on photopolymerization as an "on-chip" signal amplification technique. Proof of principle experiments are detailed and followed by the use of a simple influenza microarray to demonstrate the technique for the first time with clinical samples. The advantages of this new technique include rapid (<5 min) signal amplification ( approximately 105) in ambient conditions for both DNA and protein microarrays, low reagent cost (<$1 per assay), visual or inexpensive detection, and signal preservation for at least two years under ambient conditions.
Transforming growth factor-β in the brain is activated by exercise and increases mobilization of fat-related energy substrates in rats (2007)

We have recently reported that inhibition of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in the brain reduced fat-related energy substrates concentrations in response to exercise. We investigated the relevance between the mobilization of fat-related energy substrates (nonesterified fatty acid and ketone bodies) during exercise and the effects of TGF-beta in the brain. Low-intensity exercise was simulated by contraction of the hindlimbs, induced by electrical stimulation at 2 Hz in anesthetized rats (Sim-Ex). As with actual exercise, it was confirmed that mobilization of carbohydrate-related energy substrates (glucose and lactic acid) occurred immediately after the onset of Sim-Ex, and mobilization of fat-related energy substrates followed thereafter. The timing of mobilization of fat-related substrates corresponded to that of the increase in TGF-beta in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in Sim-Ex. The level of TGF-beta in CSF significantly increased after 10 min of Sim-Ex and remained elevated until 30 min of Sim-Ex. Intracisternal administration of TGF-beta caused rapid mobilization of fat-related energy substrates. Meanwhile, there were no effects on the changes in carbohydrate-related substrates. The levels of catecholamines were slightly elevated after TGF-beta administration, and, although not significantly in statistical terms, we consider that at least a part of TGF-beta signal was transducted via the sympathetic nervous system because of these increases. These data indicate that TGF-beta in the brain is closely related to the mobilization of fat-related energy substrates during low-intensity exercise. We hypothesized that the central nervous system plays a role in the regulation of energy metabolism during low-intensity exercise and this may be mediated by TGF-beta.
A fully protected hydrogenase/polymer-based bioanode for high-performance hydrogen/glucose biofuel cells (2018)

Hydrogenases with Ni- and/or Fe-based active sites are highly active hydrogen oxidation catalysts with activities similar to those of noble metal catalysts. However, the activity is connected to a sensitivity towards high-potential deactivation and oxygen damage. Here we report a fully protected polymer multilayer/hydrogenase-based bioanode in which the sensitive hydrogen oxidation catalyst is protected from high-potential deactivation and from oxygen damage by using a polymer multilayer architecture. The active catalyst is embedded in a low-potential polymer (protection from high-potential deactivation) and covered with a polymer-supported bienzymatic oxygen removal system. In contrast to previously reported polymer-based protection systems, the proposed strategy fully decouples the hydrogenase reaction form the protection process. Incorporation of the bioanode into a hydrogen/glucose biofuel cell provides a benchmark open circuit voltage of 1.15 V and power densities of up to 530 µW cm<sup>-2</sup> at 0.85 V.
Going Platinum to the Tune of a Remarkable Guanine Quadruplex Binder: Solution‐ and Solid‐State Investigations. (2020)

Guanine quadruplex recognition has gained increasing attention, inspired by the growing awareness of the key roles played by these non-canonical nucleic acid architectures in cellular regulatory processes. We report here the solution and solid-state studies of a novel planar platinum(II) complex that is easily assembled from a simple ligand, and exhibits notable binding affinity for guanine quadruplex structures, while maintaining good selectivity for guanine quadruplex over duplex structures. A crystal structure of this ligand complexed with a telomeric quadruplex confirms double end-capping, with dimerization at the 5' interface.
Differentially regulated miRNAs and actively translated mRNA transcripts by tumor suppressor p53 in colon cancer (2006)

4172 The tumor suppressor protein p53 is one of the key regulators of cell cycle control and apoptosis and has been extensively studied in the past. It acts as a transcription factor to regulate a number of key cell cycle control genes. p53 also functions as an RNA binding protein to regulate gene expression at the translational level. The regulation and consequences of this function is incompletely understood. Based on the recent discovery of non-coding RNAs and the function of miRNAs as translational regulators, we studied the possible interaction between p53 and miRNAs in regulating translation. The effect of p53 on the expression of miRNAs was investigated using he human colon cancer HCT116 (wt-p53) and HCT116 (null-p53) cell lines. Differences between the cell lines in the expression levels of miRNA, as well as the steady state total mRNAs and actively translated mRNA transcripts were examined by high density microarray gene expression, and the effect of p53 on expression of the mRNA transcripts were analyzed. Compared to null-p53 cells, ten miRNAs were over-expressed in wt-p53 cells, whereas more than 43 different miRNAs were down-regulated by wt-p53. Based on actively translated mRNAs expression profiling, nearly 200 mRNA transcripts were regulated at the post-transcriptional level, and sequence analysis revealed that some of these mRNAs may be potential targets of miRNAs, including translation initiation factor eIF-5A, eIF-4A, and protein phosphatase 1. The functional significance of p53 in regulating several miRNAs was further confirmed in response to DNA damaging agent. Down regulation of wt-p53 via siRNA knock down abolish the effect of p53 in regulating miRNAs. This is the first report demonstrating that wt-p53 and miRNAs interact in influencing gene expression, and simultaneously gives an example of how p53 regulates genes at multiple levels via unique mechanisms.
Investigation of the He II and He II transitions at high densities (1996)

Measurements of Stark profiles of the He II line at and of the He II line at from a well diagnosed plasma of a gas-liner pinch discharge are reported. The plasma parameters were determined independently by Thomson scattering, and we found - , - 7.5 eV when measurements of the He II line were carried out and - , - 5.4 eV for the He II measurements. We compare widths and shifts of the spectral lines with theoretical approximations and present new empirical scalings. While the width of the He II line shows significant discrepancies with lineshape theories, in the case of the He II line profile we find good agreement with some calculations. In particular, to investigate ion dynamic effects we present an accurate measurement of the dip in the centre of the spectral line.
Efficiency Optimization for All-Silicon Carbide (SiC) PWM Rectifier Considering the Impact of Gate-Source Voltage Interference (2020)

Compared with conventional silicon (Si)-based Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) rectifiers, PWM rectifiers based on silicon carbide (SiC) Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) have significant technical advantages and broad application prospects in terms of efficiency and power density, inherited from the high-speed switching feature. However, high-speed switching also induces gate-source voltage interference, which impacts the overall character of the conversion system. This paper considered the impact of gate-source voltage interference on loss, revealing an efficiency optimization for all-SiC PWM rectifiers. Firstly, this paper theoretically investigated the mechanism of improving the conversion system efficiency by using the 4-pin Kelvin packaged SiC MOSFETs. Then, based on the industrial product case study, loss distribution, using different package styles, was quantitatively analyzed. Finally, experiment test results verified the efficiency improvement of the PWM rectifier with the 4-pin Kelvin package SiC MOSFETs.