gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assembly output codes for learning neural networks (2016)

Neural network-based classifiers usually encode the class labels of input data via a completely disjoint code, i.e. a binary vector with only one bit associated with each category. We use coding theory to propose assembly codes where each element is associated with several classes, making for better target vectors. These codes emulate the combination of several classifiers, which is a well-known method to improve decision accuracy. Our experiments on data-sets such as MNIST with a multi-layer neural network show that assembly output codes, which are characterized by a higher minimum Hamming distance, result in better classification performance. These codes are also well suited to the use of clustered clique-based networks in category representation.
Simple low-cost optical position transducer (1987)

A low-cost, easily implemented optical position transducer with a range of about 10 mm and a precision of about 0.15 mm is described. The transducer uses a commercial photon-coupled interrupt module and a photographic film filter with a transmission which varies linearly with position. Simple and novel means of fabricating such filters and others of arbitrary characteristics by computer generation are described. The transducer has been successfully employed in an undergraduate mechanical resonance experiment.
Dysregulated gene expression predicts tumor aggressiveness in African-American prostate cancer patients (2018)

Molecular mechanisms underlying the health disparity of prostate cancer (PCa) have not been fully determined. In this study, we applied bioinformatic approach to identify and validate dysregulated genes associated with tumor aggressiveness in African American (AA) compared to Caucasian American (CA) men with PCa. We retrieved and analyzed microarray data from 619 PCa patients, 412 AA and 207 CA, and we validated these genes in tumor tissues and cell lines by Real-Time PCR, Western blot, immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. We identified 362 differentially expressed genes in AA men and involved in regulating signaling pathways associated with tumor aggressiveness. In PCa tissues and cells, NKX3.1, APPL2, TPD52, LTC4S, ALDH1A3 and AMD1 transcripts were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) compared to normal cells. IHC confirmed the overexpression of TPD52 (p = 0.0098) and LTC4S (p < 0.0005) in AA compared to CA men. ICC and Western blot analyses additionally corroborated this observation in PCa cells. These findings suggest that dysregulation of transcripts in PCa may drive the disparity of PCa outcomes and provide new insights into development of new therapeutic agents against aggressive tumors. More studies are warranted to investigate the clinical significance of these dysregulated genes in promoting the oncogenic pathways in AA men.
Tumour necrosis factor: roles in cancer pathophysiology. (1992)

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine with activities that extend beyond its antitumour effect. There is now increasing evidence that TNF can be either constitutively produced or induced in human tumours. Tumour cells may also lead to TNF induction in normal cells. Experimental studies implicate TNF in processes that contribute to cancer progression. These range from stimulation of cancer growth and metastasis, to metabolic and haematological disturbances, e.g. cancer cachexia, anaemia, and hypercalcaemia. Future cancer therapies may therefore involve neutralisation of TNF activity in cancer patients.
June consultation #2 (2021)

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery: June 2021 - Volume 47 - Issue 6 - p 823-824 doi: 10.1097/01.j.jcrs.0000754440.62654.13
Learning image context for segmentation of the prostate in CT-guided radiotherapy (2020)

Accurate segmentation of prostate is the key to the success of external beam radiotherapy of prostate cancer. However, accurate segmentation of prostate in computer tomography (CT) images remains challenging mainly due to three factors: (1) low image contrast between the prostate and its surrounding tissues, (2) unpredictable prostate motion across different treatment days, and (3) large variations of intensities and shapes of bladder and rectum around the prostate. In this paper, an online-learning and patient-specific classification method based on the location-adaptive image context is presented to deal with all these challenging issues and achieve the precise segmentation of prostate in CT images. Specifically, two sets of location-adaptive classifiers are placed, respectively, along the two coordinate directions of the planning image space of a patient, and further trained with the planning image and also the previous-segmented treatment images of the same patient to jointly perform prostate segmentation for a new treatment image (of the same patient). In particular, each location-adaptive classifier, which itself consists of a set of sequential sub-classifiers, is recursively trained with both the static image appearance features and the iteratively-updated image context features (extracted at different scales and orientations) for better identification of each prostate region. The proposed learning-based prostate segmentation method has been extensively evaluated on 161 images of 11 patients, each with more than 9 daily treatment 3D CT images. Our method achieves the mean Dice value 0.908 and the mean ± SD of average surface distance (ASD) value 1.40 ± 0.57 mm. Its performance is also compared with three prostate segmentation methods, indicating the best segmentation accuracy by the proposed method among all methods under comparison.
Loss of elastic recoil in postischemic myocardium induces rightward shift of the systolic pressure-volume relationship (1994)

Ischemia-induced systolic dysfunction has been ascribed to changes in cellular excitation-contraction coupling and diastolic dysfunction because of disruption of the extracellular collagen matrix. Therefore, systolic and diastolic pressure-volume relationships and O2 consumption were determined before and after 5 min of global ischemia in isolated blood-perfused porcine hearts. The slope of the systolic pressure-volume relationship was 7.2 +/- 0.6 (SE) mmHg.ml-1.100 g-1 (n = 18) at baseline and did not change during reperfusion, but the systolic volume intercept shifted from 1.0 +/- 0.4 ml/100 g at baseline to 3.7 +/- 1.4, 4.1 +/- 1.1, and 4.2 +/- 0.9 ml/100 g at 15, 30, and 60 min of reperfusion, respectively (all P < 0.05). The diastolic volume intercept was 8.2 +/- 0.7 ml/100 g at baseline and remained unchanged during reperfusion. Therefore, the difference of the systolic-diastolic volume intercepts, an index of elastic recoil forces, was decreased to 57 +/- 8, 49 +/- 7, and 47 +/- 9% of baseline values (P < 0.05). The shift of the systolic pressure-volume relationship was accompanied by a transient decrease of contractile efficiency (slope of O2 consumption-pressure-volume-area relationship) at 15 min of reperfusion (from 43 +/- 6 to 27 +/- 7%). We hypothesize that the rightward shift of the systolic pressure-volume relationship was compatible with a decrease of elastic-restoring forces, probably induced by alterations in the extracellular collagen matrix and/or the cytoskeleton, and thereby our data imply that left ventricular dysfunction of postischemic myocardium does not result solely from disturbances in excitation-contraction coupling.
Cyclomagnesation of cyclonona-1,2-diene with EtMgR catalyzed by Cp2ZrCl2 (2008)

Catalytic cyclomagnesation of cyclonona-1,2-diene with EtMgR (R = Et, Hlg) in the presence of catalyst Cp2ZrCl2 (5 mol%) was performed obtaining according to the reaction conditions either 10-magnesabicyclo-[7.3.01.9]dodec-8-ene or 3-ethylcyclonon-1-enyl-2-magnesiumethyl with a high regio-(>96%) and chemoselectivity (>75%).
Design of liquid emulsions to structure spray dried particles (2014)

Abstract The formulation and structure of initial liquid emulsion have an impact on the efficiency of encapsulation (encapsulated oil quantity) in spray dried particles (dried emulsions) and must be adapted to spray drying. Two different protocols were tested varying the concentration of emulsifier (Tween® 20), conditions of homogenization and concentration of wall material (Maltodextrin and Agave Inulin). The concentration of emulsifier and wall material should allow avoiding micelle formation or coalescence. Results show that it was possible to produce stable emulsions with an oil droplet size around 2 μm containing 40% w/w of total dry matter (g/100 g emulsion) using maltodextrin as wall material and 3.5% Tween® 20 (3.5 g/100 g oil) or using Agave Inulin in emulsions with a total dry mater content of 50% w/w (50 g/100 g emulsion) with a minimal concentration of emulsifier (1.17 g/100 g oil). The spray drying of these emulsions produced fine powders ( 88%).
Mutations in fliK and flhB affecting flagellar hook and filament assembly in Salmonella typhimurium (1996)

Mutations in the fliK gene of Salmonella typhimurium commonly cause failure to terminate hook assembly and initiate filament assembly (polyhook phenotype). Polyhook mutants give rise to pseudorevertants which are still defective in hook termination but have recovered the ability to assemble filament (polyhook-filament phenotype). The polyhook mutations have been found to be either frameshift or nonsense, resulting in truncation of the C terminus of FliK. Intragenic suppressors of frameshift mutations were found to be ones that restored the original frame (and therefore the C-terminal sequence), but in most cases with substantial loss of natural sequence and sometimes the introduction of artificial sequence; in no cases did intragenic suppression occur when significant disruption remained within the C-terminal region. By use of a novel PCR protocol, in-frame deletions affecting the N-terminal and central regions of FliK were constructed and the resulting phenotypes were examined. Small deletions resulted in almost normal hook length control and almost wild-type swarming. Larger deletions resulted in loss of control of hook length and poor swarming. The largest deletions severely affected filament assembly as well as hook length control. Extragenic suppressors map to an unlinked gene, flhB, which encodes an integral membrane protein (T. Hirano, S. Yamaguchi, K. Oosawa, and S.-I. Aizawa, J. Bacteriol. 176:5439-5449, 1994; K. Kutsukake, T. Minamino, and T. Yokoseki, J. Bacteriol. 176:7625-7629, 1994). They were either point mutations in the C-terminal cytoplasmic region of FlhB or frameshift or nonsense mutations close to the C terminus. The processes of hook and filament assembly and the roles of FliK and FlhB in these processes are discussed in light of these and other available data. We suggest that FliK measures hook length and, at the appropriate point, sends a signal to FlhB to switch the substrate specificity of export from hook protein to late proteins such as flagellin.
Capturing Capacity and Profit Gains with Base Station Sharing in mmWave\n Cellular Networks (2018)

Due to the greater path loss, shadowing, and increased effect of blockage in\nmillimeter wave cellular networks, base station sharing among network service\nproviders has the potential to significantly improve overall network capacity.\nHowever, a service provider may find that despite the technical gains, sharing\nactually reduces its profits because it makes price competition between service\nproviders tougher. In this work, a weighted scheduling algorithm is described,\nwhich gives greater control over how the airtime resource is allocated within a\nshared cell. It is shown that, under certain market conditions, there exist\nscheduling weights such that base station sharing is more profitable than not\nsharing for both service providers in a duopoly market, while still achieving\nalmost as much network capacity as in a conventional base station sharing\nscenario. Thus, both technical and economic benefits of base station sharing\nmay be realized simultaneously.\n
Mechanisms of cholinesterase inhibition in senile dementia of the alzheimer type: Clinical, pharmacological, and therapeutic aspects (1988)

Abstract Senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) is a degenerative disease of the brain that affects up to 20% or more of individuals who live beyond 80 years of age. A deficiency of cholinergic function is expected to play a major role in the development of SDAT psychopathology. Possible existence of an underactive cholinergic system has led to clinical trials of cholinomimetic drugs to attempt to reverse the deficit in SDAT. Some improvement in memory function has followed the administration of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors, but in general the affected individuals have not been returned to normal or mildy impaired mental functions or activities of daily living functioning. This paper is a critical review of results of acute and chronic trials performed with ChE inhibitors in experimental animals and humans. We also review and discuss mechanisms of decvelopment of pharmacological behavioral tolerance to ChE inhibitors. Behavioral changes following ChE inhibition appear to coincide with predicted peak levels of acetulcholine (ACh) concentration in the brain. Yet we find an inconsistent relationship among the degree of ChE inhibition, changes in brain acetylcholine concentrations, and behavioral changes, both therapeutic and adverse effects, following administration of ChE inhibitors. ChE inhibition is associated with distressing adverse effects. The therapeutic effects of increased ACh levels in the brain may be masked by these side effects. We suggest that an adequate test of the efficacy of ChE inhibition may await the use of new and improved ChE inhibitors that produce significantly fewer side effects and greater therapeutic effects than drugs presently being tested for efficacy in the treatment of SDAT patients.
Analyses of Black Powder in Natural Gas Pipeline (2011)

Abstract Our company has a natural gas pipeline network which has been active since 1959 and currently has a total length of reaching 1,400km. The analysis of particle diameter distribution and chemical composition of black powder captured in the gas filters at the gas supply points give valuable information related to pipeline operation management. This paper contains information obtained from X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermo Gravimeter &amp; Differential Thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT/IR) analyses of collected black powder from our pipelines. The results showed that Fe3O4 is the main compound of black powder and is originated from a process of dissolved oxygen corrosion due to the presence of very small amounts of oxygen and water in the pipeline. The presence of oxygen and water in the pipeline could be due to the exposure of the pipeline to the atmosphere during pipeline construction or other major repairs. As the next step, historical operational data and information about pipeline construction should be systematically collected and integrated in a useful way to predict the formation of black powder and improve pipeline maintenance.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reactions of an Unsubstituted Vinamidinium Salt with Organometallic Species and Reducing Agents. (1986)

Abstract Bei der Reaktion des vinylogen Amidinium‐perchlorats (I) mit Aryl‐ Grignard‐Verbindungen (II) werden nach saurer Hydrolyse die Zimtaldehyde (III) oder durch Reduktion mit Boran bzw. Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid (DIBAL) die Allylamine (IV) erhalten.
Ultimate Bending Strength of Si Nanowires (2012)

Test platforms for the ideal strength of materials are provided by almost defect-free nanostructures (nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, for example). In this work, the ultimate bending strengths of Si nanowires with radii in the 20-60 nm range were investigated by using a new bending protocol. Nanowires simply held by adhesion on flat substrates were bent through sequential atomic force microscopy manipulations. The bending states prior to failure were analyzed in great detail to measure the bending dynamics and the ultimate fracture strength of the investigated nanowires. An increase in the fracture strengths from 12 to 18 GPa was observed as the radius of nanowires was decreased from 60 to 20 nm. The large values of the fracture strength of these nanowires, although comparable with the ideal strength of Si, are explained in terms of the surface morphology of the nanowires.
Comprar Melanins And Melanosomes: Biosynthesis, Biogenesis, Physiological, And Pathological Functions | Patrick A. Riley | 9783527328925 | Wiley (2011)

Tienda online donde Comprar Melanins And Melanosomes: Biosynthesis, Biogenesis, Physiological, And Pathological Functions al precio 144,90 € de Patrick A. Riley | Jan Borovansky, tienda de Libros de Medicina, Libros de Biologia - Biologia molecular y celular
Animal Models of Neurological Disease, I (1992)

to the Animal Models Volumes This and several other volumes in the Neuromethods series will describe a number of animal models of neu- psychiatric disorders. Because of increasing public concern over the ethical treatment of animals in research, we felt it incumbent upon us to include this general preface to these volumes in order to indicate why we think further research using animals is necessary and why animal models of psychi- ric and neurologic disorders, in particular, are so important. We recognize that animals should only be used when suitable alternatives are not available. We think it self-e- dent, however, that humans can only be experimented upon in severely proscribed circumstances and alternative pro- dures using cell or tissue culture are inadequate in any models requiring assessments of behavioral change or of complex in vivo processes. However, when the distress, discomfort, or pain to the animals outweighs the anticipated gains for human welfare, then the research is not ethical and should not be carried out
Vonoprazan-based triple therapy is non-inferior to susceptibility-guided proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2018)

Vonoprazan-based triple therapy was effective as susceptibility-guided triple therapy for H. pylori eradication. An empirical triple therapy with vonoprazan is preferable even in area with high rates of clarithromycin-resistance. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered in University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000032351).
Primary B cells essentially lack constitutive NF-κB activity (1998)

Based primarily on the analysis of B cell lines, mature B cells are considered distinct from non-B cells and immature B cells by having constitutive nuclear NF-κB activity. By their comparison to splenic non-B cells or activated B cells we show here that primary resting B cells lack cell-autonomous NF-κB activity. This finding indicates that the role of the transcription factor in B cells is similar to that in other cells, namely a common mediator of activation and stress signals. Whereas the absence of constitutive NF-κB activity in mature B cells does not argue against a role of NF-κB in B cell development, it does not support the notion of the essential function of the factor in maintaining the unique transcriptional activities in B cells.
A Detailed Analysis of Thermoacoustic Interaction Mechanisms in a Turbulent Premixed Flame (2004)

A combined theoretical and experimental analysis of thermoacoustic interaction mechanisms of a lean pre-mixed swirl-stabilized gas turbine burner is presented. A full-scale gas turbine burner has been tested in an atmospheric test rig. The test facility was equipped with loudspeakers to excite the acoustic field and with arrays of microphones to measure the response of the acoustic field to the forcing signal. With this set-up transfer matrices relating the acoustic pressure and velocity on both sides of the flame front have been measured. A laser absorption measurement technique allowed for measurement of the fluctuations of fuel concentration in the mixture. Heat release fluctuations were monitored using a photo-multiplier. The measurement of the acoustic field, heat release and equivalence ratio fluctuations have been measured simultaneously. Special attention has been given to the role of fuel concentration fluctuations in the thermoacoustic interaction mechanism. In order to be able to clearly separate this mechanism from other possible mechanisms, all the experiments have been performed in pre-premixing mode as well. In pre-premixing mode the fuel is injected far upstream of the burner in order to avoid fuel concentration fluctuations at the burner location. This is in contrast with premixing mode where fuel and air are mixed in the burner. An acoustic flame model has been derived. The model includes the well-known interaction mechanism of equivalence ratio fluctuations but also includes a novel mechanism that is caused by fluctuations of vorticity. This latter mechanism relates the turbulent flame speed via turbulence intensity fluctuations to the acoustic field. The idea is that periodic acoustic fluctuations cause periodic changes of the turbulence intensity. The turbulence intensity strongly affects the turbulence flame speed. The fluctuations of the turbulent flame speed result in fluctuations of the heat release. This turbulence intensity fluctuation model has been compared with the measured pre-premix transfer functions and shows an excellent agreement. The measured transfer functions in premix mode have been compared with the model that includes fluctuations of fuel concentration and turbulence intensity. Also in this case a very good agreement is found. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the phase relation between measured equivalence ratio fluctuation and heat release corresponds to the model.
Creation of plasma structures due to high frequency electromagnetic field actions for different applications (2003)

It is well known that high frequency fields can be used to create different structures in a plasma medium. Now this application of electromagnetic waves can be considered as one of the directions in plasma physics. Structures with specific properties are created in certain places of a plasma medium furnished to achieve defined effects, that are important for some applications. Intricate processes are used in a CERA-A (Cyclotron Electron Resonance Applications-Accelerator) device, which was constructed for plasma flow acceleration. To create a wider accelerated ion flow a CERA-V (V-variable ion energy) device was made, where in-phase electron plasma oscillations in a narrow layer of a plasma column were used.
Evidence forO2pHole-Driven Conductivity inLa1−xSrxMnO3(0≤x≤0.7)andLa0.7Sr0.3MnOzThin Films (1997)

Oxygen $K$-edge electron-energy-loss spectra have been measured for ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ $(0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.7)$ and ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{z}$ thin films as a function of $x$ and $z$. The spectra show a prepeak at the Fermi level, corresponding to transitions to empty states in the ${\mathrm{O}}_{2p}$ band, at the threshold of the $K$ edge around 529 eV. This prepeak systematically increases with an increase in conductivity through divalent doping $(x)$ or oxygen content $(z)$. This confirms that these materials are charge-transfer-type oxides with carriers having significant oxygen $2p$ hole character. We argue that, the double exchange mechanism has to include the role of oxygen hole density to satisfactorily describe their transport properties.