gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Identification and Analysis of cis -Acting Sequences Which Mediate Genome Cleavage and Packaging in Human Herpesvirus 6 (1998)

Sequences present at the genomic termini of herpesviruses become linked during lytic-phase replication and provide the substrate for cleavage and packaging of unit length viral genomes. We have previously shown that homologs of the consensus herpesvirus cleavage-packaging signals, pac1 and pac2, are located at the left and right genomic termini of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), respectively. Immediately adjacent to these elements are two distinct arrays of human telomeric repeat sequences (TRS). We now show that the unique sequence element formed at the junction of HHV-6B genome concatemers (pac2-pac1) is necessary and sufficient for virally mediated cleavage of plasmid DNAs containing the HHV-6B lytic-phase origin of DNA replication (oriLyt). The concatemeric junction sequence also allowed for the packaging of these plasmid molecules into intracellular nucleocapsids as well as mature, infectious viral particles. In addition, this element significantly enhanced the replication efficiency of oriLyt-containing plasmids in virally infected cells. Experiments revealed that the concatemeric junction sequence possesses an unusual, S1 nuclease-sensitive conformation (anisomorphic DNA), which might play a role in this apparent enhancement of DNA replication--although additional studies will be required to test this hypothesis. Finally, we also analyzed whether the presence of flanking viral TRS had any effect on the functional activity of the minimal concatemeric junction (pac2-pac1). These experiments revealed that the TRS motifs, either alone or in combination, had no effect on the efficiency of virally mediated DNA replication or DNA cleavage. Taken together, these data show that the cleavage and packaging of HHV-6 DNA are mediated by cis-acting consensus sequences similar to those found in other herpesviruses, and that these sequences also influence the efficiency of HHV-6 DNA replication. Since the adjacent TRS do not influence either viral cleavage and packaging or viral DNA replication, their function remains uncertain.
Challenging historical perspectives of the 24‐h chemotherapy day: Flexible chemotherapy dose‐timing guidelines (2013)

Deviation from the standard 24-h chemotherapy day (deliberately or inadvertently) was a common yet unstandardized practice. Clinical practice guidelines enabling flexible dose-timing of chemotherapy provided an opportunity to improve chemotherapy administration safety measures, tailor chemotherapy delivery to ward and patient needs, and in some instances reduce non-value-added length of stay.
Event Detection for Suicide Understanding (2022)

Suicide is a serious problem in every society.
A proposed redosing interval of del Nido cardioplegia solution in adult cardiac surgery: a propensity-matched study (2020)

Short-term clinical outcomes in the patients underwent cardiovascular surgery with the DN protocol including the redosing interval strategy were acceptable. Also, DN protocol was associated with shortened cross-clamp time and less usage of the retrograde cannula.
Association of Measured Distribution of Near-Surface Hydrogen at High Northerly Latitudes with Surface Features on Mars (2003)

Introduction: Lower-limit estimates of the global abundance of hydrogen on Mars reveal a remarkable surface distribution [1]. Three discrete reservoirs are apparent. Two of the reservoirs fill large areas that cover much of the northern and southern high-latitude regions, and the third has several components at equatorial to mid latitudes. A map of water-equivalent hydrogen, MH2O, north of +50 latitude derived from epithermal-neutron counting rates measured between areocentric longitudes of 100 and 181 (when the seasonal CO2 frost cover was completely absent) [1], is shown in Figure 1. MH2O is seen to maximize at 100% by mass, at the north-polar residual cap. This maximum is a component of a generally water-rich region that covers much of the surrounding high-latitude terrain. This region has a local minimum that overlies Olympia Planitia, a secondary maximum that follows a narrow arc at about +75 latitude that connects 100 to 180 east longitude, and a pronounced secondary maximum that is centered at about +70 latitude and –135 east longitude. Whereas the arc-shaped maximum overlies a similar arc of surface water ice that is apparent in visible images of Mars, the secondary maximum has no apparent surface feature. Another feature of the enhanced reservoir of hydrogen at high northerly latitudes is that it is pinched off on one side by a relatively low H2O-abundance region that is centered on –45 longitude.
Plasma Volume Expansion with Solutions of Hemoglobin, Albumin and Ringer's Lactate in Sheep (1999)

Society of Critical Care Medicine; 28th Educational and Scientific Symposium; San Francisco, California, USA; January 23-27, 1999: Poster Presentations: Poster Hall
A Study on the Microstructures and Electromagnetic Properties of Al-Co/AlN-Co Thin Films (2011)

Al-Co/AlN-Co multilayer films with different layer thicknesses were prepared by using a two-facing target type D.C sputtering (TFTS) system. The deposited films were annealed isothermally at different temperatures and their microstructure, magnetic properties and resistivity were investigated. The magnetization of as-deposited films is very small irrespective of layer thickness. It was found that annealing conditions and layer thickness ratio (LTR) of Al-Co to AlN-Co can control the microstructure as well as the physical properties of the prepared films. The resistivity and magnetization increase and the coercivity decreases with decreasing LTR. High resistivity and sufficient magnetization were obtained for the films with LTR = 0.35. Films having such considerable magnetization and resistivity will be a potential candidate to be used for a high density recording material.
A new frequency-domain link adaptation scheme for broadband OFDM systems (1999)

This paper proposes an OFDM-oriented link adaptation scheme with new frequency-domain-based link quality estimation functions. System throughput of an OFDM system can be enhanced by using link adaptation; the best set of modulation scheme and FEC coding rate is dynamically selected to achieve the target packet error rate (PER) before ARQ. An important practical issue in applying link adaptation is how to estimate the link quality precisely. Link quality is well assessed by carrier/noise ratio (CNR) and the delay spread. Two link quality estimation functions are introduced; one examines the correlation between subcarriers while the another considers CNR. Both are simple to implement in combination with the frequency-domain initial equalizer. Simulation results verify that the proposed link adaptation scheme is effective in improving system throughput in a practical manner.
Functional Analysis of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α-mediated Transactivation (2002)

The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is a key regulator of adaptive responses to hypoxia. HIF-1 alpha has two independent transactivation domains (TADs). Whereas the N-terminal TAD (N-TAD) also constitutes a degradation box, the C-terminal TAD (C-TAD) functions in a strictly hypoxia-inducible fashion. Oxygen-dependent hydroxylation of an asparagine residue has recently been reported to regulate C-TAD function by disrupting the interaction with the CH1 domain of the p300/CBP coactivator at normoxia. Here we have performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis of a predicted alpha-helix within the C-TAD of mouse HIF-1 alpha to identify residues important for transactivation and interaction of the C-TAD with transcriptional coactivators. We observed that several hydrophobic residues, Ile(802), Leu(808), Leu(814), Leu(815), and Leu(818), were critical for transactivation and binding to the CH1 domain of CBP in hypoxic cells. Moreover, E812A/E813A and D819A mutations impaired hypoxia-dependent transactivation without disrupting binding to CH1. In the context of full-length HIF-1 alpha, mutation of the leucine residues conferred conformational changes to the protein and significantly reduced the transactivation function as well as functional interaction with the transcriptional coactivators CBP and SRC-1. These mutations also affected intranuclear redistribution of HIF-1 alpha in the presence of CBP, indicating that the integrity of the C-TAD is critical for intracellular localization of mouse HIF-1 alpha.
Mesoscale Block Copolymers (2018)

Materials composed of well-defined mesoscale building blocks are ubiquitous in nature, with noted ability to assemble into hierarchical structures possessing exceptional physical and mechanical properties. Fabrication of similar synthetic mesoscale structures will offer opportunities for precise conformational tuning toward advantageous bulk properties, such as increased toughness or elastic modulus. This requires new materials designs to be discovered to impart such structural control. Here, the preparation of mesoscale polymers is achieved by solution fabrication of functional polymers containing photoinduced chemical triggers. Subsequent photopatterning affords mesoscale block copolymers composed of distinct segments of alternating chemical composition. When dispersed in appropriate solvents, selected segments form helices to generate architectures resembling block copolymers, but on an optically observable size scale. This approach provides a platform for producing mesoscale geometries with structural control and potential for driving materials assembly comparable to examples found in nature.
Patterns of detection of Strongyloides stercoralis in stool specimens: implications for diagnosis and clinical trials (1996)

Reported efficacies of drugs used to treat Strongyloides stercoralis infection vary widely. Because diagnostic methods are insensitive, therapeutic trials generally require multiple negative posttreatment stool specimens as evidence of drug efficacy. However, only a single positive stool specimen is usually required for study enrollment. To determine the reproducibility of detection of S. stercoralis larvae in the stool, 108 asymptomatic infected men submitted 25 g of fresh stool once a week for eight consecutive weeks for examination by the Baermann technique. During the 8-week study, 239 (27.7%) of 864 stool specimens were positive for S. stercoralis. Rates of detection of larvae in the stool specimens ranged from eight of eight specimens in 3 (2.8%) men to none of eight specimens in 36 (33.3%) men. Of 43 men for whom S. stercoralis was detected in at least two of the first four stool specimens, only 1 (2.3%) man tested negative on all of the next four specimens. In comparison, of 29 men who had detectable larvae in only one of the first four specimens, 22 (75.9%) tested negative on all of the next four samples. Thus, if these 29 men had been enrolled in a therapeutic trial between the first and second sets of four specimens, the efficacy of a drug with no activity against this parasite would have been estimated to be 76%. These data suggest that patterns of S. stercoralis detection vary widely among infected persons and that intermittent larval shedding can lead to inflated estimates of drug efficacy. Before a patient is entered in a clinical trial of drug efficacy, four consecutive stool specimens should be examined for S. stercoralis; only persons with two or more positive specimens should be enrolled.
Problemstellung, Zielsetzung und Gang der Untersuchung (1991)

Das Ende der achtziger Jahre stand im Zeichen der großen Steuerreformen in vielen westlichen Industrienationen.1 Vorreiterrolle und Vorbildfunktion nahmen dabei die USA mit ihrer 1986 durchgeführten Steuerreform (Tax Reform Act of 1986) ein. Hauptziele der US-amerikanischen Steuerreform bildeten die Verwirklichung von mehr Steuergerechtigkeit sowie die Wahrung von Entscheidungs- und Aufkommensneutralität.2 Eine Verbesserung der Steuergerechtigkeit, die in der Besteuerung nach der wirtschaftlichen Leistungsfähigkeit ihren Ausdruck findet, sollte durch eine möglichst umfassend definierte Steuerbemessungsgrundlage erreicht werden. Die Diskussion um eine “Verbreiterung” der Steuerbemessungsgrundlage beschränkte sich dabei nicht auf das Einkommen als Indikator steuerlicher Leistungsfähigkeit, sondern setzte sich intensiv mit anderen Maßgrößen auseinander, insbesondere mit dem Konsum und dem finanzwirtschaftlichen Cashflow.3 Dieselben Überlegungen bildeten einen wichtigen Diskussionsgegenstand der Steuerreformbestrebungen in anderen westlichen Nationen, so auch in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Im Vorfeld der bundesdeutschen Steuerreform von 1990 wurde der Vorbildcharakter der US-amerikanischen Steuerreform hervorgehoben und auch angeregt, diesem zu folgen.4 Zudem intensivierte sich in der jüngeren steuerwissenschaftlichen Literatur die Auseinandersetzung über die Eignung von Einkommen oder Konsum als Steuerbemessungsgrundlage.5
Interactive ultrasound image retrieval using magnitude frequency spectrum (2003)

An efficient algorithm is proposed for interactive ultrasound image retrieval using magnitude frequency spectrum (MFS). The interactive retrieval is especially intended to be useful for training an intern to diagnose with ultrasound images. In the retrieval process, information on which are relevant to a query image among object images retrieved in the previous iteration is fed back by user interaction. In order to improve discrimination between a query image and each of object images in a database (DB) by using the MFS, which is powerful for ultrasound image retrieval, we incorporate feature vector normalization and root filtering in feature extraction. To effectively integrate the feedback information, we use a feedback scheme based on Rocchio equation, where the feature of a query image is replaced with the weighted average of the feature of a query image and those of object images. Experimental results for real ultrasound images show that while yielding a precision of about 75% at a recall of about 8% in the initial retrieval, the interactive procedure yields a great performance improvement, that is, a precision of about 95% in the third iteration.
Prototype Reynolds Number Vortex-Induced Vibration Tests on a Full-Scale Rigid Riser (2017)

Slender offshore structures in deep water subjected to currents may experience vortex-induced vibrations (VIV), which can cause significant fatigue damage. Extensive experimental researches have been conducted to study the VIV in the past several decades. However, most of the experimental works have small-scale models and relatively low Reynolds number (Re)—“subcritical” or even lower Reynolds number regime. There is a lack of full understanding of the VIV in prototype Re flow regime. Applying the results with low Re to a full-scale riser with prototype Re might have uncertainties due to the scaling effects. In addition, the surface roughness of the riser is also an important parameter, especially in critical Re regime, which is the case for prototype risers. In the present study, two full-scale rigid riser models with different surface roughness ratios were tested in the towing tank of MARINTEK in 2014. Stationary tests, pure crossflow (CF) free oscillation tests, and forced/controlled motion tests were carried out. Several conclusions could be made: The drag coefficient is dependent on the Re number and surface roughness ratio. At critical and supercritical flow regimes, the displacement amplitude ratio is less sensitive to Re than that at lower Re. The displacement amplitude ratio in subcritical flow regime is significantly larger than that in critical and supercritical flow regimes. Two excitation regions for the ‘smooth riser’ and one excitation region for the “rough riser” are identified.
An extended dynamic thermal model of a permanent magnet excited synchronous motor (2013)

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to develop a dynamic thermal model of a permanent magnet excited synchronous motor (PMSM). The model estimates the temperature at specific points of the machine during operation. The model is implemented using thermal network theory, whose parameters are determined by means of analytical approaches. Usually thermal models are initialized and referenced to room temperature. However, this can lead to incorrect results, if the simulations are performed when the electrical machine operates under “warm” conditions. An approach is developed and discussed in this paper, which captures the model in critical states of the machine. The model gives feedback by online measured quantities to estimate the initial temperature. The paper provides an extended dynamic thermal model, which leads to a more accurate and more efficient thermal estimation.
Purification and physicochemical properties of - amylase from cockroach, Periplaneta americana (LINNAEUS), for starches saccharification (2008)

An -amylase was purified from the American cockroach Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) to homogeneity by four steps purification via ammonium sulphate crude extract precipitation, Sephacryl S-100 HR gel permeation chromatography, anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl Sepharose CL-4B. The purification was approximatively 38.42 fold with a 24.31% yield. Optimums pH and temperature of the purified -amylase were found to be 5.6 and 55°C, respectively. The enzyme was stable up to 55°C and its pH stability was in range of 5.6 - 6.6. The KM and Vmax of the enzyme with soluble starch as substrate were 5 mg/ml and 100 imol/min/mg, respectively, and the energy of activation (Ea), was 50.32 Kj/mol. The -amylase was inhibited by Tris, Fe3+, Ba2+, Mo+ and EDTA. While Ca2+, K+, Cu2+, Mg2+ and  para-hydroxymercuribenzoate (pHMB) activated the enzyme. Analysis of the amylolytic reaction products by HPLC showed the presence of maltose and maltodextrin but not glucose in the starch hydrolysate (2 h of reaction). This result indicated that the amylolytic enzyme of P. americana is an -amylase (an endoamylase). The purified -amylase hydrolysed maltopentose, maltohexose and maltoheptose. Maltose, maltotriose and maltotetrose were not hydrolysed by this enzyme. Therefore, the purified -amylase is active only on substrates with more than four residues of glucose.
Allotypic specificities of murine IgD and IgM recognized by monoclonal antibodies. (1984)

Hybridomas generated from mice immunized with allotype and H-2-incompatible spleen cells were screened by flow cytometry. Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to four of the five known specificities of IgD were identified. The location of these specificities on the IgD molecule was determined by the ability of a given MAb to bind to cells stripped of the Fab fragment by trypsin proteolysis. Igh-5.1 (present on IgDa and IgDe) and Igh-5.5 (unique to IgDe) were both located on the Fab fragment. Results from cross-blocking experiments suggest that, except for Igh-5.3, MAb which recognize the same specificity bind to the same antigenic determinant. Both the trypsin digest and blocking studies indicate that Igh-5.3 is composed of at least two antigenic determinants. AF6-78.25, a MAb specific for IgM of the b, d, and n haplotypes, was also identified; this MAb defines a new specificity, Igh-6.6. On the basis of the reactivities of these MAb, it appears that although the Igh-Ce and Igh-Cd haplotypes are virtually identical at the Igh-3(gamma 2b), Igh-1(gamma 2a), and Igh-2(alpha) loci, they are highly divergent at the Igh-5(delta) and Igh-6(mu) loci. This indicates that the Igh-Cd haplotype may have resulted from a recombination between Igh-Ce and another haplotype.
Digital Broadcasting. Satellite ISDB Transmission System. (1997)

We propose a digital transmission system for satellite broadcasting using the 12-GHz broadcasting satellite service (BSS) band. The system needs to provide high-quality and new digital services, which have not been possible in analog systems. In addition, it should take into account the improvement to the current satellite broadcasting system of the service grade, since the current system already has more than ten million receivers. The new system introduces trellis-coded 8PSK as a main modulation scheme to improve the spectrum efficiency for transmitting multi-channel HDTV and TMCC (Transmission Multiplex Configuration Control) signals so as to flexibly control the modulation scheme, It also introduces a hierarchical transmission to secure high service availability. Some necessary gate arrays for a suitable demodulator for the system have been developed.
Active Infrared Coded Target Design and Pose Estimation for Multiple Objects (2019)

Relative pose estimation is critical for collaborative multi-agent systems. To achieve accurate and low-cost localization in cluttered and GPS-denied environments, we propose a novel relative pose estimation system based on a designed active infrared coded target. Specifically, each agent is equipped with a forward-looking monocular camera and a unique infrared coded target. The target with the unique lighted LED arrangement is detected by the camera and processed with an efficient decoding algorithm. The relative pose between the agent and the camera is estimated by combining a PnP algorithm and a Kalman filter. Various experiments are performed to show that the proposed pose estimation system is accurate, robust and efficient in cluttered and GPS-denied environments.
Diels−Alder Reactivity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Bay Regions: Implications for Metal-Free Growth of Single-Chirality Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

A soluble bisanthene derivative, 4,11-dimesitylbisanthene, has been synthesized in three steps from bianthrone. In hot toluene, this bisanthene undergoes a clean Diels-Alder reaction with diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to give a rearomatized 1:1 cycloadduct and, more slowly, a rearomatized 2:1 cycloadduct. In a competition experiment with the shorter "periacene" perylene, only the bisanthene reacts, and the perylene remains unchanged. The experimental results stand in complete accord with density functional calculations (B3LYP/6-31G*), which predict that the activation energies for Diels-Alder cycloadditions in the bay regions of periacenes should diminish monotonically as the length of the molecule increases. This structure-activity relationship offers hope that single-chirality carbon nanotubes can be grown from suitable hydrocarbon templates, without metal catalysis, by a Diels-Alder cycloaddition/rearomatization strategy, using acetylene or a "masked acetylene" as the dienophile.
Study of collisional broadening in oxygen lines by high-resolution coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (1987)

The Q-branch line widths of oxygen were measured by using high resolution coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. The first nine transitions (N = 1–17) were recorded at pressures from 0.094 to 1 atm (1 atm = 101 kPa) at room temperature. The transitions were excited by injection-locked flashlamp-pumped dye lasers of very high spectral quality. A least squares program was employed to fit calculated spectra to experimental spectra by adjusting different parameters. The collisional broadening coefficients obtained were consistent with available Raman data.
Editorial/Guest Editorial (2008)

Contains an editorial by the Editors-in-Chief and a guest editorial by the General Chair of 2007 European Microwave Week (EuMW). The special issue contains 17 expanded conference papers that were presented at EuMW.