gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bradykinin B2 Receptor Contributes to Inflammatory Responses in Human Endothelial Cells by the Transactivation of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor FGFR-1 (2018)

Elevated levels of bradykinin (BK) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and angiogenic disorders. In angiogenesis, both stimuli induce a pro-inflammatory signature in endothelial cells, activating an autocrine/paracrine amplification loop that sustains the neovascularization process. Here we investigated the contribution of the FGF-2 pathway in the BK-mediated human endothelial cell permeability and migration, and the role of the B2 receptor (B2R) of BK in this cross-talk. BK (1 µM) upregulated the FGF-2 expression and promoted the FGF-2 signaling, both in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and in retinal capillary endothelial cells (HREC) by the activation of Fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR-1) and its downstream signaling (fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate: FRSα, extracellular signal⁻regulated kinases1/2: ERK1/2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3: STAT3 phosphorylation). FGFR-1 phosphorylation triggered by BK was c-Src mediated and independent from FGF-2 upregulation. Either HUVEC and HREC exposed to BK showed increased permeability, disassembly of adherens and tight-junction, and increased cell migration. B2R blockade by the selective antagonist, fasitibant, significantly inhibited FGF-2/FGFR-1 signaling, and in turn, BK-mediated endothelial cell permeability and migration. Similarly, the FGFR-1 inhibitor, SU5402, and the knock-down of the receptor prevented the BK/B2R inflammatory response in endothelial cells. In conclusion, this work demonstrates the existence of a BK/B2R/FGFR-1/FGF-2 axis in endothelial cells that might be implicated in propagation of angiogenic/inflammatory responses. A B2R blockade, by abolishing the initial BK stimulus, strongly attenuated FGFR-1-driven cell permeability and migration.
Análisis crítico de la política antiterrorista británica y las consecuencias de los coches bomba de junio de 2007 (2007)

En este ARI se examina el desarrollo reciente de las políticas antiterroristas británicas y la “Declaración sobre seguridad” pronunciada por el nuevo primer ministro británico el 25 de julio en el contexto más amplio de la respuesta a los complejos problemas que plantea la lucha antiterrorista. En este ARI queda de manifiesto que las estructuras y estrategias de respuesta antiterrorista del Reino Unido son de naturaleza dinámica y reflejo de la experiencia extraída de atentados terroristas previos, pruebas obtenidas a raíz de planes de atentados frustrados y el reconocimiento de insuficiencias organizativas. En el documento se explica la lógica que subyace al gran cambio organizativo en las competencias del Ministerio británico que encabeza la lucha antiterrorista, el Ministerio de Interior (Home Office, HO), así como el renovado énfasis en la necesidad de coordinación. Se analiza de forma crítica la “Declaración sobre seguridad” pronunciada el 25 de julio por el nuevo primer ministro británico, Gordon Brown, en el contexto más amplio de la respuesta a los complejos problemas que plantea la lucha antiterrorista y, más concretamente, se examinan las propuestas de éste en base a un análisis inicial de los intentos de atentado con coche bomba (Artefactos Explosivos Improvisados en Vehículos, VBIED por sus siglas en inglés) de junio de 2007, en el centro de Londres y el aeropuerto de Glasgow.
Photoinitiators with β-Phenylogous Cleavage: An Evaluation of Reaction Mechanisms and Performance (2012)

Bimolecular photoinitiators based on benzophenone and N-phenylglycine ideally overcome limitations of classical two-component systems, such as the possibility of deactivation by a back electron transfer or the solvent cage effect. Furthermore, if they are covalently linked, loss of reactivity by diffusion limitation could be reduced. Here we show that such an initiator displays unusually high photoreactivity. This is established by photo-DSC experiments and mechanistic investigations based on laser flash photolysis, TR-EPR, and photo-CIDNP. The β-phenylogous scission of the C–N bond is highly efficient and leads to the production of reactive initiating radicals at a short time scale.
Integral cross sections for the electron-impact excitation of theb1Πu,c31Πu,o31Πu,b′1Σu+,c4′1Σu+,G3Πu, andF3Πustates of N2 (2012)

Integral cross sections for electron-impact excitation out of the ground-state level $X{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{g}^{+}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}({v}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}=0)$ to the $b{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{u}$, ${c}_{3}{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{u}$, ${o}_{3}{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{u}$, ${b}^{\ensuremath{'}}{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{u}^{+}$, ${c}_{4}^{\ensuremath{'}}{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{u}^{+}$, $G{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{u}$, and $F{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{u}$ electronic states in N${}_{2}$ are reported at incident energies ranging between 17.5 and 100 eV. We also provide excitation cross sections using emission-based excitation shape functions and optical oscillator strengths. These cross-section results are of great importance to planetary atmospheric modeling of the emissions observed in Earth's atmosphere as well as those of Titan and Triton, the largest moons of Saturn and Neptune, respectively. Critical comparisons of the present cross sections with previous values are presented in an effort to provide improved cross sections for electron excitation of this fundamental molecule's important transitions.
Low V<inf>MIN</inf> 20nm embedded SRAM with multi-voltage wordline control based read and write assist techniques (2014)

Measured results of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> from 20nm SRAM arrays with read and write assist techniques are presented for multiple flavors of bitcell. A novel assist technique is presented, that provides both read and write assist by controlling only the voltage of wordline (WL) and without using a separate supply voltage. The WL-drivers use a WL float technique to reduce the dc-path current compared to existing WL under-drive read assist designs. The assist technique resulted in a V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> improvement of 143mV for the high-density 6T (6T-HD) SRAM, 96mV for the high-speed 6T (6T-HS) SRAM, and 86mV for the 8T dual-port (DP) SRAM.
The Mental Health Consequences of Terrorism: Implications for Emergency Medicine Practitioners (2006)

Emergency physicians are likely to be first-line responders in any local or regional terrorist event. In addition to preparing for the potential physical conditions and injuries that are associated with terrorism, they should be aware of the behavioral and mental health implications as well. It is helpful to be familiar with the characteristics that predict who may be at increased risk for mental illness after such events and how they may be identified in an Emergency Department setting. Although most people in the general population with behavioral conditions stemming from a terrorist event can be expected to recover spontaneously within several months, other individuals are at increased risk of developing more debilitating mental health conditions that have been associated with post-terrorist and disaster environments. Screening tools are available to help emergency practitioners identify them and refer patients for more formal psychiatric evaluation and potential interventions to facilitate and speed the recovery process.
External control of drug release. IV. Controlled release of 5-fluorouracil from a hydrophilic polymer matrix by microwave irradiation. (1989)

A polymeric system capable of delivering 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) at increased rates on demand by external microwave irradiation was developed. Sustained-release systems were made by incorporating 5-FU into an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer. When exposed to release medium, the delivery systems released the drug slowly and continuously. Upon exposure to microwave irradiation, the drug was released at a much higher rate. Release rates returned to base line levels when the microwave irradiation was discontinued. This study demonstrated that release rates of 5-FU from a polymer matrix can be increased at desired times by external microwave irradiation.
Plicometer skin test: a new technique for the evaluation of cutaneous involvement in systemic sclerosis (1997)

This study tries to establish a new method for the evaluation of skin lesion extension and progression in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. Plica thickness measurements of 200 healthy subjects and 19 SSc patients by plicometer were performed, and an arbitrary plicometer skin score was created. The plicometer skin score was compared to m-Rodnan's score on the same patients. The statistical association between the plicometer score and DLCO values in SSc patients was analysed. Plicometer plica thickness cut-off values of normality were established for nine skin areas. High specificity (95-99%) and a high negative predictive value (95.5-100%) were found. The sensitivity and the positive predictive value were 52.6-100% and 52.4-90.5%, respectively. The coefficient of variation of the plicometer score (0.05-0.14) was lower than that of the m-Rodnan score (0.22-0.33). A statistically significant association was found between skin score and DLCO. The study underlines the accuracy and reproducibility of the plicometer skin test, and suggests its utility in monitoring scleroderma progression.
Text Classification Based on Conditional Reflection (2019)

Text classification is an essential task in many natural language processing (NLP) applications; we know each sentence may have only a few words that play an important role in text classification, while other words have no significant effect on the classification results. Finding these keywords has an important impact on the classification accuracy. In this paper, we propose a network model, named RCNNA, recurrent convolution neural networks with attention (RCNNA), which models on the human conditional reflexes for text classification. The model combines bidirectional LSTM (BLSTM), attention mechanism, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as the receptors, nerve centers, and effectors in the reflex arc, respecctively. The receptors get the context information through BLSTM, the nerve centers get the important information of the sentence through the attention mechanism, and the effectors capture more key information by CNN. Finally, the model outputs the classification result by the softmax function. We test our NLP algorithm on four datasets containing Chinese and English for text classification, including a comparison of random initialization word vectors and pre-training word vectors. The experiments show that the RCNNA achieves the best performance by comparing with the state-of-the-art baseline methods.
Discriminative pronounciation learning using phonetic decoder and minimum-classification-error criterion (2009)

In this paper, we report our recent research aimed at improving the pronunciation-modeling component of a speech recognition system designed for mobile voice search. Our new discriminative learning technique overcomes the limitation of the traditional ways of introducing alternative pronunciations that often enlarge confusability across different lexical items. Instead, we make use of a phonetic recognizer to generate pronunciation candidates, which are then evaluated and selected using the global minimum-classification-error measure, guaranteeing a reduction of the training-set error rate after introducing alternative pronunciations. A maximum entropy approach is subsequently used to learn the weight parameters of the selected pronunciation candidates. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the discriminative pronunciation learning technique in a real-world speech recognition task where pronunciation of business names presents special difficulty for high-accuracy speech recognition.
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Spinareoviridae 2022 (2022)

<i>Spinareoviridae</i> is a large family of icosahedral viruses that are usually regarded as non-enveloped with segmented (9-12 linear segments) dsRNA genomes of 23-29 kbp. Spinareovirids have a broad host range, infecting animals, fungi and plants. Some have important pathogenic potential for humans (e.g. Colorado tick fever virus), livestock (e.g. avian orthoreoviruses), fish (e.g. aquareoviruses) and plants (e.g. rice ragged stunt virus and rice black streaked dwarf virus). This is a summary of the ICTV Report on the family <i>Spinareoviridae</i>, which is available at ictv.global/report/spinareoviridae.
Closed-loop pallet manipulation in unstructured environments (2010)

This paper addresses the problem of autonomous manipulation of a priori unknown palletized cargo with a robotic lift truck (forklift). Specifically, we describe coupled perception and control algorithms that enable the vehicle to engage and place loaded pallets relative to locations on the ground or truck beds. Having little prior knowledge of the objects with which the vehicle is to interact, we present an estimation framework that utilizes a series of classifiers to infer the objects' structure and pose from individual LIDAR scans. The classifiers share a low-level shape estimation algorithm that uses linear programming to robustly segment input data into sets of weak candidate features. We present and analyze the performance of the segmentation method, and subsequently describe its role in our estimation algorithm. We then evaluate the performance of a motion controller that, given an estimate of a pallet's pose, is employed to safely engage each pallet. We conclude with a validation of our algorithms for a set of real-world pallet and truck interactions.
Multi-transmitter aperture synthesis (2010)

Multi-transmitter aperture synthesis is a method in which multiple transmitters can be used to improve resolution and contrast of distributed aperture systems. Such a system utilizes multiple transmitter locations to interrogate a target from multiple look angles thus increasing the angular spectrum content captured by the receiver aperture array. Furthermore, such a system can improve the contrast of sparsely populated receiver arrays by capturing field data in the region between sub-apertures by utilizing multiple transmitter locations. This paper discusses the theory behind multi-transmitter aperture synthesis and provides experimental verification that imagery captured using multiple transmitters will provide increased resolution.
[Fibrogenesis and fibrolysis in the liver]. (1995)

Fibrosis, a consequence of most chronic liver diseases, may be conceived as the result of a disturbed balance between fibrogenesis and fibrolysis. We have studied several genes activated during the course of these processes in rat and human liver by immunohistology and in situ hybridization using tissue sections and cultured lipocytes. Activated lipocytes and portal fibroblasts proved to be the principal sources of extracellular matrix proteins and of the fibrogenic growth factor TGF-beta 1. The expression patterns of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP)-1, -2, -3, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and -2 genes suggest particularly reduced degradation of collagen type I. Increased fibrogenesis and inadequate fibrolysis may thus explain the accumulation of qualitatively altered extracellular matrix enriched in collagen type I as observed in fibrotic liver. Expression of PDGF-A by epithelial liver cells and of PDGF receptors by activated lipocytes points to paracrine regulatory loops stimulating the proliferation of cells potentially contributing to fibrosis. Continuous parenchymal damage may thus disrupt the balance between fibrogenesis and fibrolysis, resulting in fibrosis.
Elimination Pathways of Nanoparticles (2019)

Understanding how nanoparticles are eliminated from the body is required for their successful clinical translation. Many promising nanoparticle formulations for in vivo medical applications are large (>5.5 nm) and nonbiodegradable, so they cannot be eliminated renally. A proposed pathway for these nanoparticles is hepatobiliary elimination, but their transport has not been well-studied. Here, we explored the barriers that determined the elimination of nanoparticles through the hepatobiliary route. The route of hepatobiliary elimination is usually through the following pathway: (1) liver sinusoid, (2) space of Disse, (3) hepatocytes, (4) bile ducts, (5) intestines, and (6) out of the body. We discovered that the interaction of nanoparticles with liver nonparenchymal cells ( e. g., Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells) determines the elimination fate. Each step in the route contains cells that can sequester and chemically or physically alter the nanoparticles, which influences their fecal elimination. We showed that the removal of Kupffer cells increased fecal elimination by >10 times. Combining our results with those of prior studies, we can start to build a systematic view of nanoparticle elimination pathways as it relates to particle size and other design parameters. This is critical to engineering medically useful and translatable nanotechnologies.
Sensing Individual Nuclear Spins with a Single Rare-Earth Electron Spin (2020)

Rare-earth related electron spins in crystalline hosts are unique material systems, as they can potentially provide a direct interface between telecom band photons and long-lived spin quantum bits. Specifically, their optically accessible electron spins in solids interacting with nuclear spins in their environment are valuable quantum memory resources. Detection of nearby individual nuclear spins, so far exclusively shown for few dilute nuclear spin bath host systems such as the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond or the silicon vacancy in silicon carbide, remained an open challenge for rare earths in their host materials, which typically exhibit dense nuclear spin baths. Here, we present the electron spin spectroscopy of single Ce^{3+} ions in a yttrium orthosilicate host, featuring a coherence time of T_{2}=124 μs. This coherent interaction time is sufficiently long to isolate proximal ^{89}Y nuclear spins from the nuclear spin bath of ^{89}Y. Furthermore, it allows for the detection of a single nearby ^{29}Si nuclear spin, native to the host material with ∼5% abundance. This study opens the door to quantum memory applications in rare-earth ion related systems based on coupled environmental nuclear spins, potentially useful for quantum error correction schemes.
The effects of Avemar treatment on feline immunodeficiency virus infected cell cultures (2023)

Avemar, as a single nutraceutical, inhibits FIV replication and destroys retrovirus carrier cells. An important conclusion is that prolonged Avemar treatment might reduce the number of retrovirus-producing cells in the host.
Metabolic characterization of a L‐lysine‐producing strain by continuous culture (1992)

Continuous culture experiments with the L-producer, Corynebacterium glutamicum, were carried out to characterize the effect of specific growth rate on fermentation yields, specific rates, productivities, and fluxes through the primary metabolism. The specific productivity of L-lysine exhibited a maximum with respect to specific growth rate, with an initial growth-associated behavior up to specific growth rates of about 0.1 h(-1), and a constant specific productivity for specific growth rates in the range of about 0.1 to 0.2 h(-1). The productivity dropped at specific growth rates larger than about 0.2 h(-1). The yield of L-lysine on glucose increased approximately linearly with decreasing specific growth rate over the entire range studied, as did the respiratory quotient. A direct relationship was established between the culture respiratory quotient and the L-lysine yield. By explicitly accounting for glucose used for biomass synthesis, it was shown that the strain synthesizes L-lysine with an intrinsic yield, or efficiency, of about 0.41 mol L-lysine/mol glucose, compared with the theoretical yield of 0.75 mol/mol. Metabolic flux modeling based on the continuous culture data suggests that the production of ATP is not likely to be a limiting factor in L-lysine production, and that a high TCA cycle activity, coupled with a tightly controlled split of metabolite flow at the PEP node, is likely the cause of the large discrepancy between theoretical and actual yields in L-lysine fermentations.
Large scale wetland mapping in semi arid Africa using 250-meter MODIS phenology metrics and topographic variables (2009)

This paper describes a unique methodology to map wetlands based on Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) codes over a 360.000 km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> large study area in West Africa. Aim of the paper is to show how 250-meter MODIS metrics from several years and topographic variables can be optimally used to accurately map wetlands over larger areas. A new wetland flooding regime index that uses the spectral contrast between near infrared (NIR) reflectance of flooded areas in the wet season and NDVI in the dry season is utilized. The flooding regime index is augmented with the length of the inundation period/year using NIR reflectance minima. Topographic features and information on hydric soils were used to mask out areas of low wetland probability. Landsat trajectories were used to ascertain the MODIS pixel homogeneity of wetland classes. Between 43% and 64% of the Landsat determined wetland sizes could be mapped in the MODIS data.
A 25-Gb/s 270-mW Time-to-Digital Converter-Based <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8{\times}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> Oversampling Input-Delayed Data-Receiver in 45-nm SOI CMOS (2018)

This paper presents a time-to-digital converter-based oversampling input-delayed multi-standard adaptable data-receiver architecture which digitizes transitions/threshold-crossings and inter-transition distances inside a time-varying binary input symbol sequence. The presented circuit works by sampling delayed replicas of a threshold-crossing binary input symbol sequence inside a differential delay-line. The resulting sampled digital word carries information of the threshold-crossings and the distances between them. The proposed 64-tapped adaptable-delay-line-based design is intended as a high-rate oversampling baseband binary quantizer for a high-speed serial link. The data-receiver has been demonstrated to digitize up to 25-Gb/s input binary symbol sequences with an oversampling ratio of eight. Designed in a 45-nm SOI CMOS process, the receiver circuit is fully characterized by applying different symbol sequences at its input while setting its time resolution and dynamic-range/delay to 5 and 320 ps, respectively. Under these conditions, the data-receiver consumes 270 mW of power, and achieves an energy conversion figure of 1.62-4.32 pJ/sampled-digital-bit. The circuit occupies 0.24 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of active silicon area. The proposed receiver offers one of the highest time-resolution and oversampling factor, and among the best energy conversion figures compared with the oversampling time-mode receiver architectures reported so far.