gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic cavitation: a clean label approach for ice-cream formulation (2019)

Trends in consumer’s health- and wellness-lifestyle have perceived stabilizers as undesirable ingredients. Stabilizer plays an essential role in the manufacturing of ice cream because it reduces the growth of ice crystals and prevents migration of free water. Some stabilizer has been chemically derivatized to improve its solubility in water. This derivatization dose not meet consumer’s demands for the clean and natural ingredients. Our research aims was to utilize hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) to reduce the concentration of stabilizers in ice-cream mix. The central hypothesis of this research is that by appropriate choice of temperature, flow rate, and rotor speed, it is possible to regulate fat destabilization (partial coalescence and agglomeration of fat globules), and thus create an emulsion, utilizing protein rather than relying on stabilizers. An icecream formulation of industrial interest was used for our experiments that contained different the concentrations of the stabilizer mix (0, 0.07, 0.14, 0.21, 0.28%). The stabilizer mix consisted of guar gum, mono- and diglycerides, locust bean gum, carrageenan, and polysorbate 80. The manufactured formulations were analyzed in terms of particle size distribution, microscopy and dynamic mechanical spectra. A control formula was manufactured with conventional homogenization and heat treatment and was compared with the treatments. The obtained strain sweep showed a viscoelastic region within the same range of strain (0.05–28%). No difference was observed in the viscoelastic region for samples with 0.28% of the stabilizer mix and treated with HC (100 L/h and 3600 rpm) when compared with the control formulations. In contrast, an increase of 6-fold in the linear section of the viscoelastic region was observed in formulations with 0.14% of the stabilizer mix and treated with HC. Interestingly, the viscosity did not significantly change different within formulation varied from 180 to 200 cP at a shear rate of 10 s−1. Dynamic rheological measurements as strain sweeps exhibited increased product stability with the application of HC. The information generated in this study may help to develop strategies for the formulation and manufacture of ice cream with reduced concentration of stabilizers.
Voltage Modulated SAW Microtrap System: Smart Assaying of Biomaterials (2006)

This paper details the development of a novel analytical microsystem for the rapid screening of biological materials. The novel design employs a dual shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SR-SAW) sensing device and multivariate signal processing. The device comprises a voltage-modulated shorted SR-SAW delay-line device together with a free delay-line designed for better sensitivity and selectivity, together with a parylene coated SU8 liquid reservoir with an embedded microparticle filter, all assembled within an automated testing station. The basic sensing principle is that the polarized metal electrode attracts statically or electrokinetically bioparticles in the liquid, which perturb the acoustic waves; thus changing their phase velocity and attenuation. In theory the voltage/frequency is set according to the properties of the bioparticles, e.g. charge/size, dielectric constant. Ideally, the SAW sensors have no bio-chemical layers although a functionalized biocoating may be added for more specific protein-based biological applications
Impact of Yeast Strain on the Production of Acetic Acid, Glycerol, and the Sensory Attributes of Icewine (2004)

High concentrations of volatile acids, consisting mainly of acetic acid, are often found in icewine. Wine yeasts produce acetic acid as a by-product of the hyperosmotic stress response caused by high sugar concentrations (&gt;35 Brix) in grape must. Volatile acid levels in icewine often exceed legal limits. We compared seven commercially available wine yeast strains (ST, N96, Vin13, Vin7, EC1118, 71B, V1116) for icewine production. Yeast strains were evaluated for acetic acid and glycerol formation, fermentation rates, and sensory characteristics. Fermentations were conducted using both synthetic grape must and Riesling icewine grape must obtained from a commercial winery. Fermentations were conducted until approximately 11% (v/v) ethanol was produced. The yeast strains fermented Riesling icewine must at different rates and fermentations were completed in 17 to 49 days. Acetic acid and glycerol formation were significantly different (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and linked to the yeast strain. Sensory analysis of the icewines produced with the different yeast strains showed significant differences for overall quality, perceived sulfur-like aroma, and color (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). ST, N96, and EC1118 were identified as the most suitable yeast strains for the production of icewine.
An MNDO study of dipyridopyrazinium and relation cations: instability of certain fused heteroaromatic dications with two bridgehead nitrogens (1986)

MNDO calculations are reported for the series of closed shell aromatic and heteroaromatic molecules and cations 1 to 7. The 14π dipyrido-dications 1a and 2a are considerably less stable than their dihydro-analogues 1b and 2b and perhaps should not be considered to be "aromatic" cations.
Mechanical properties of (ethylene acrylate copolymer)‐modified polypropylene/TiO 2 blends (2007)

Abstract An ethylene‐(methyl acrylate) (EMA) copolymer produced from a tubular reactor was found to be effective in toughening polypropylene, even at low concentrations. The addition of a small amount of TiO 2 pigment enhanced the EMA toughening effect. Microscopy and thermal analysis helped to reveal the possible EMA toughening mechanisms. The effects of two processing methods, dry blending and melt blending, on the mechanical properties of the formulation were also studied. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:65–70, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Tungsten carbide promoted Pd–Fe as alcohol-tolerant electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (2010)

An intermittent microwave heating (IMH) assisted method has been used to synthesize palladium and iron on nanocrystalline tungsten carbide (denoted as PdFe-WC/C) as a cathodic electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs). The materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical techniques. The ORR activity of the PdFe-WC/C electrocatalyst in acidic solution is found to be comparable to that of Pt/C electrocatalysts. It is believed that the high catalytic activity as a Pt-free electrocatalyst originats from the synergistic effect between Pd and Fe and WC. The alcohol-tolerance and selectivity of the PdFe-WC/C electrocatalyst are favorable for the ORR in the presence of alcohol which makes it a promising cathodic electrocatalyst in direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs). The ORR is hardly affected in the alcohol-containing solutions up to 1.0 mol L−1alcohol. The results also revealed that the ORR on the PdFe-WC/C electrocatalyst is a four-electron process. This novel PdFe-WC/C electrocatalyst could be a Pt-free alternative for a cathodic electrocatalyst for ORRs.
Isolation of lactate-utilizing butyrate-producing bacteria from human feces and in vivo administration of Anaerostipes caccae strain L2 and galacto-oligosaccharides in a rat model (2008)

Lactate-utilizing butyrate-producers were isolated from human feces and identified based on the sequences of 16S rRNA gene. Anaerostipes caccae strain L2, one of the seven human fecal isolates, was administered to rats with galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) as bifidogenic carbohydrates for stimulating lactate formation in the hindgut. Ingestion of GOS alone increased concentrations of cecal lactate and butyrate compared with control rats (P<0.05). Additional administration of strain L2 on GOS tended to enhance the promoting effect of GOS on cecal butyrate formation (P=0.06) and lowered the mean value of cecal lactate concentration (P=0.32). Consequently, cecal and fecal butyrate concentrations in rats administered with both strain L2 and GOS were significantly higher than those in the control rats (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Significant changes were observed in the other fermentation acids, such as succinate, acetate, and propionate, depending on the ingestion of strain L2. Administered strain L2 was retrieved from the cecal content of a rat based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. The results suggest that synbiotic ingestion of lactate-utilizing butyrate-producers and GOS alters the microbial fermentation and promotes the formation of beneficial fermentation acids, including butyrate, in the gut.
Fouling Studies of a Pervaporation Membrane with Commercial Fermentation Media and Fermentation Broth of Hyper-Butanol-Producing Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 (1999)

Abstract Fouling studies of a pervaporation membrane (area based on internal tube diameter 0.08 m2) were carried out in batch mode using model butanol solution in distilled water, commercial fermentation media (P2 and corn steep liquor, CSL), and P2 and CSL fermentation broth. Butanol fermentations were conducted using semidefined P2 medium, CSL medium (a low cost commercial nutrient medium), and the Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 hyper-butanol-producing mutant strain. The rates of removal of butanol from the commercial fermentation media (P2 and CSL) were similar to the rates of butanol removal from butanol solution in water. The rates of removal of butanol from the CSL fermentation broth were higher than the rates of butanol removal from butanol solution in water and fermentation media. Butanol removal experiments were run from 14 to 240 hours using different media and fermentation broth, and it was concluded that the pervaporation membrane did not foul under the conditions employed. The selectivities of butanol ranged from 20 to 55 when feed butanol ranged from 33.0 to 3.33 g/L. The total flux was 25–45 g/m2ċh using air as the sweep gas. In the permeate, the butanol concentration ranged from 122.9 to 458 g/L. Keywords: Fouling Clostridium beijerinckii BA101ButanolFermentation mediaFermentation broth ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported in part by the Illinois Corn Marketing Board (ICMB). Corn steep liquor was kindly provided by Archer Midland Daniels (ADM) Co. (Decatur, IL). N.Q. acknowledges help from Mr. Troy Jesse for generating Figs. 2-5.
Paper-based all-solid-state flexible micro-supercapacitors with ultra-high rate and rapid frequency response capabilities (2016)

Novel micro-supercapacitors with excellent rate capability, response frequency, and cycle stability are designed.
Five-Year Outcomes and Return to Sport of Runners Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy for Labral Tears With or Without Femoroacetabular Impingement (2019)

Hip arthroscopy for all levels of runners is associated with a significant increase in PROs and a low risk of complications. The rate of return to running is moderately high after hip arthroscopy at midterm follow-up. Hip arthroscopy may be considered for runners presenting with symptoms of femoroacetabular impingement that fail nonoperative treatments. Patients should be educated on the rate of return to running over time and the risks of continued running after hip arthroscopy.
Catalytic Properties of Eggshell Pd/δ-Al2O3 Catalysts for Isoprene-Selective Hydrogenation:  Effects of Water Poisoning (1997)

The influences of water poisoning on isoprene-selective hydrogenation over δ-alumina-supported eggshell Pd catalysts were investigated by test reactions at 40 °C and 420 psig of total pressure. Both fresh and water-poisoned catalysts were characterized by fast Fourier transform infrared (FFT-IR) spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of hydrogen. The catalytic performance tests showed that water poisoning suppresses the hydrogenation of isoprene and the double-bond migration of 2-methyl-1-butene and 3-methyl-1-butene to 2-methyl-2-butene, whereas it slightly facilitates the selectivity to the formation of isopentenes. FFT-IR spectroscopy characterizing CO adsorbed on the fresh and water-poisoned catalysts indicated that the bond strength between CO and palladium was weakened by the adsorption of H2O on Pd, suggesting that the adsorbed water abstracts electrons from Pd clusters. The TPD results further indicated that the formation of β-hydride was inhibited by this water adsorption. Together with the catalytic performance test, FFT-IR, and TPD results, the alteration of the catalytic properties by water poisoning is associated with the decrease of active sites for hydrogenation, the decrease of the electronic density of the Pd clusters, and the inhibition of β-hydride formation.
Serological Study of Neutralizing (NT) Antibody Against Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Non-Affected District of Tokyo (1987)

Serological study of neutralizing (NT) antibody against Japanese Encephalitis virus was performed in non-affected district of Tokyo. In the group without vaccination, NT antibody was detected in 17 out of 62 sera (27%) below one year of age, 17 out of 87 (20%) in one to two years, and 10 out of 97 (10%) in two to three years. NT positive rate increased gradually up to 46%(6 out of 13 sera), in five to six years of age.In eight to ten years of age, including vaccine recipients, NT antibody was detected in 23 out of 30 (77%). NT positive rate showed approximately more than 80% over twenties and thirties, declining to 60% in fifties and sixties.The Kumamoto, JaGAr01, Beijing, and Nakayama-NIH strains of Japanese Encephalitis virus were employed for the comparative serological study. All NT positive sera obtained from children without vaccination revealed a high titer of NT antibody agaisnt Nakayama-NIH strain, and the titer against the Kumamoto strain was the lowest. In most NT positive sera, the NT titers against Nakayama-NIH strain were higher than those against the Beijing strain.These results demonstrate that Japanese Encephalitis virus is still prevailing even in Tokyo, and that the antigenicity of virus in Tokyo might closely relate to Nakayama-NIH strain.We should pay attention to a trend of Japanese Encephalitis virus epidemic, considering the recent extent of urbane sanitary conditions.
The Cellular Uptake of Anandamide Is Coupled to Its Breakdown by Fatty-acid Amide Hydrolase (2001)

Anandamide is an endogenous compound that acts as an agonist at cannabinoid receptors. It is inactivated via intracellular degradation after its uptake into cells by a carrier-mediated process that depends upon a concentration gradient. The fate of anandamide in those cells containing an amidase called fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is hydrolysis to arachidonic acid and ethanolamine. The active site nucleophilic serine of FAAH is inactivated by a variety of inhibitors including methylarachidonylfluorophosphonate (MAFP) and palmitylsulfonyl fluoride. In the current report, the net uptake of anandamide in cultured neuroblastoma (N18) and glioma (C6) cells, which contain FAAH, was decreased by nearly 50% after 6 min of incubation in the presence of MAFP. Uptake in laryngeal carcinoma (Hep2) cells, which lack FAAH, is not inhibited by MAFP. Free anandamide was found in all MAFP-treated cells and in control Hep2 cells, whereas phospholipid was the main product in N18 and C6 control cells when analyzed by TLC. The intracellular concentration of anandamide in N18, C6, and Hep2 cells was up to 18-fold greater than the extracellular concentration of 100 nm, which strongly suggests that it is sequestered within the cell by binding to membranes or proteins. The accumulation of anandamide and/or its breakdown products was found to vary among the different cell types, and this correlated approximately with the amount of FAAH activity, suggesting that the breakdown of anandamide is in part a driving force for uptake. This was shown most clearly in Hep2 cells transfected with FAAH. The uptake in these cells was 2-fold greater than in vector-transfected or untransfected Hep2 cells. Therefore, it appears that FAAH inhibitors reduce anandamide uptake by cells by shifting the anandamide concentration gradient in a direction that favors equilibrium. Because inhibition of FAAH increases the levels of extracellular anandamide, it may be a useful target for the design of therapeutic agents.
Granular Model of Long-Term Prediction for Energy System in Steel Industry (2015)

Sound energy scheduling and allocation is of paramount significance for the current steel industry, and the quantitative prediction of energy media is being regarded as the prerequisite for such challenging tasks. In this paper, a long-term prediction for the energy flows is proposed by using a granular computing-based method that considers industrial-driven semantics and granulates the initial data based on the specificity of manufacturing processes. When forming information granules on a basis of experimental data, we propose to deal with the unequal-length temporal granules by exploiting dynamic time warping, which becomes instrumental to the realization of the prediction model. The model engages the fuzzy C -means clustering method. To quantify the performance of the proposed method, real-world industrial energy data coming from a steel plant in China are employed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to some other data-driven methods and becomes capable of satisfying the requirements of the practically viable prediction.
3D‐Positioning of Nanoparticles in High‐Curvature Block Copolymer Domains (2021)

Abstract The defined assembly of nanoparticles in polymer matrices is an important precondition for next‐generation functional materials. Here we demonstrate that a defined three‐dimensional nanoparticle assembly within the unit cells can be realized by directly linking the nanoparticles to block copolymers. We show that for a range of nearly symmetric to unsymmetric block copolymers there are only two formed structures, a hexagonal lattice of P 6/ mmm ‐symmetry, where the nanoparticles are located in 1D‐arrays within the cylindrical domains, and a cubic lattice of Im3m‐symmetry, where the nanoparticles are located in the octahedral voids of a BCC‐lattice, corresponding to the structure of ferrite steel. We observe the block length ratio and thus the interfacial curvature to be the most important parameter determining the lattice type. This is rationalized in terms of minimal chain extension such that domain topologies with large positive curvature are highly preferred. Already volume fractions of only one percent are sufficient to destabilize a lamellar structure and favor the formation of highly curved interfaces. The study thus demonstrates how nanoparticles can be located on well‐defined positions in three‐dimensional unit cells of block copolymer nanocomposites. This opens the way to functional 3D‐nanocomposites where the nanoparticles need to be located on defined matrix positions.
Automatically Extracting Sentences from Medline Citations to Support Clinicians' Information Needs (2012)

Online health knowledge resources contain answers to most of the information needs raised by clinicians in the course of care. However, significant barriers limit the use of these resources for decision-making, especially clinicians' lack of time. Existing solutions are less optimal when information needs cannot be met without substantial cognitive effort and time. Objectives: In this study, we assessed the feasibility of automatically generating knowledge summaries for a particular clinical topic composed of relevant sentences extracted from Medline citations. Methods: The proposed approach combines information retrieval and semantic information extraction techniques to identify relevant sentences from Medline abstracts. We assessed this approach in two case studies on the treatment alternatives for depression and Alzheimer's disease. Results: A total of 515 out of 564 (91.3%) sentences retrieved in the two case studies were relevant to the topic of interest. About one third of the relevant sentences described factual knowledge or a study conclusion that can be used for supporting information needs at the point of care. Conclusions: Our proposed technical approach to helping clinicians meet their information needs is promising. The approach can be extended for other knowledge resources and information need types.
An Application of Palette Based Steganography (2010)

Steganography is the art of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one; apart from the sender and intended recipient even understand there is a hidden message. Steganography includes the concealment of information within computer files. One of the most common methods of implementation is Least Significant Bit Insertion, in which the least significant bit of every byte is altered to form the bit-string representing the embedded file. Altering the LSB will only cause minor changes in color. While this technique works well for 24-bit color image files, steganography has not been as successful when using an 8-bit color image file, due to limitations in color variations and the use of a color table. Color table is organized as-the first three bytes correspond to RGB components and the last byte is reserved or unused. The proposed technique is to generate the image from a 24-bit bitmap to an 8-bit bitmap using color quantization resulted in minor variations in the image, which are barely noticeable to the human eye. However, these slight variations aid in hiding the data.
Estimating Cardinalities with Deep Sketches (2019)

We introduce Deep Sketches, which are compact models of databases that allow us to estimate the result sizes of SQL queries. Deep Sketches are powered by a new deep learning approach to cardinality estimation that can capture correlations between columns, even across tables. Our demonstration allows users to define such sketches on the TPC-H and IMDb datasets, monitor the training process, and run ad-hoc queries against trained sketches. We also estimate query cardinalities with HyPer and PostgreSQL to visualize the gains over traditional cardinality estimators.
Democratization and educational decentralization in Spain : a twenty year struggle for reform (2000)

Little more than two decades following the death of General Francisco Franco, Spain celebrated its transition from the most centralized, to one of the most decentralized nations in Europe - in government, and in education. Few countries, if any in modern times, can boast a similar success. The objective of this study is to describe, and analyze the strengths, and weaknesses of a complex, and comprehensive reform that ultimately resulted in a successful, but uneasy transfer of authority, and financial resources, from the center, to the regions. While the reform in law, and policy set out to construct a decentralized educational system, that would be responsive to a state, and regional shared governance process (de jure), the study explains the actual outcome (de facto) which appears to have gone considerably beyond the original intent. This outcome is particularly interesting because decentralization initiatives, typically deliver much less than originally promised. In tracing the change process, this paper examines the turbulent political, economic, and organizational complexities of the reform as it: reacts against the concentrated centralism of the Franco years (1939-1975); makes the transition from autocratic, to democratic government (1975-1982); survives a dramatic shift to political left (1982-1996); and, endures the trauma of shift to the political right (1996-).
Prototype micro-valve actuator (2002)

An experimental demonstration of a millimeter-scale actuator using a sputter-deposited film of shape-memory alloy is presented. A membrane of the shape-memory film was prepared, securely held, and then displaced by pneumatic pressure. By applying a low-voltage electrical pulse to cause actuation, the membrane was able to work against the pneumatic load and exhibit two-state behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>