gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Up‐regulation of the type 3 ryanodine receptor is neuroprotective in the TgCRND8 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (2009)

The cellular pathology of Alzheimer's disease is progressive and protracted leading eventually to considerable neuronal death. The underlying mechanisms of the pathology are complex but changes in the control of intracellular Ca2+ are believed to contribute to the demise of neurons. In this study, we investigated the functional consequences of an increase in the expression of the type 3 isoform of the ryanodine receptor (RyR3). We found that although cortical neurons from TgCRND8 mice secreted significantly more amyloid beta protein and showed significantly increased RyR3 expression, they were no more sensitive to cell stress than non-transgenic neurons. Furthermore, despite increased intracellular Ca2+ release in response to ryanodine, we found that basal Ca2+, K+-evoked Ca2+ responses, and capacitative Ca2+ entry were no different in TgCRND8 neurons compared with non-transgenic neurons. Therefore, as RyR3 up-regulation did not affect neuronal health or global Ca2+ homeostasis, we investigated the effect of reducing RyR3 expression using small interfering RNA. Surprisingly, a reduction of RyR3 expression in TgCRND8, but not in non-transgenic, neurons increased neuronal death. These data reveal a new role for RyR3 and indicate a novel potential therapeutic target to delay or prevent the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
<title>Design considerations in the development of a spherical mobile robot</title> (2001)

The design problems in the development of a spherical mobile robot are discussed in this paper. These problems include dynamics and design of the propulsion mechanism, motion planning and control problems, actuator selection and sensor placement, design and fabrication of the exo-skeleton, and other issues related to power management and computing. Each of the problems are discussed in brief and presented in relation to the spherical mobile robot currently under development at Michigan State University.
Tuber Storage Proteins (2003)

A wide range of plants are grown for their edible tubers, but five species together account for almost 90 % of the total world production. These are potato (Solanum tuberosum), cassava (Manihot esculenta), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatus), yams (Dioscorea spp.) and taro (Colocasia, Cyrtosperma and Xanthosoma spp.). All of these, except cassava, contain groups of storage proteins, but these differ in the biological properties and evolutionary relationships. Thus, patatin from potato exhibits activity as an acylhydrolase and esterase, sporamin from sweet potato is an inhibitor of trypsin, and dioscorin from yam is a carbonic anhydrase. Both sporamin and dioscorin also exhibit antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. Taro differs from the other three crops in that it contains two major types of storage protein: a trypsin inhibitor related to sporamin and a mannose-binding lectin. These characteristics indicate that tuber storage proteins have evolved independently in different species, which contrasts with the highly conserved families of storage proteins present in seeds. Furthermore, all exhibit biological activities which could contribute to resistance to pests, pathogens or abiotic stresses, indicating that they may have dual roles in the tubers.
Thermal effect on cavitation characteristics of a hydraulic torque converter (2022)

The performance of torque converters, which use hydraulic oil as the working medium to transmit power, are severely affected by the operating temperature because various oil properties, such as viscosity, density and saturated pressure, vary drastically with temperature change. To study the thermal effect on the cavitation characteristics of viscous oil, we developed a full flow passage geometry and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with cavitation based on the finite volume method (FVM) to predict and analyze cavitation behavior and thermal effect in a torque converter. The results show that the critical cavitation number and critical cavitation temperature of the tested torque converter are 9.2 and 30 °C, respectively, and increasing the temperature reduces the cavitation number and induces the generation and intensification of cavitation. Besides, although higher temperature improves the transmission efficiency and capacity constant of the torque converter, it greatly magnifies the influence of cavitation on the hydrodynamic performance. In severe cases, it reduces the hydraulic performance by 9.3% and the flow velocity by 11.8% at 100 °C. Meanwhile, the cavitation flow field and the configuration of cavitation are also greatly affected by temperature. About 11.9% of the surface of the stator blade was covered by cavitation bubbles with the vapor volume fraction of 88.1% at 100 °C. Moreover, 30–60 °C is the optimum operating temperature range in terms of cavitations effect with no pronounced cavitation occurrence or that the cavitation degree is too weak to affect the performance in the mentioned temperature range.
<title>Progress and status of visible light-emitting diode technology</title> (1999)

The light emitting diode (LED) is the dominant type of compound semiconductor device in terms of the epitaxial area of material produced as well as the number of devices fabricated and sold. Recent breakthroughs have resulted in dramatic performance increases for visible LEDs. Very high performance devices are commercially available using the AlGaInP materials system for red, orange and yellow and the InGaN system for green and blue. External quantum efficiencies greater than 10% are available for most colors, with greater than 20% having been achieved in red to orange. Currently, the luminous performance of LEDs exceeds that of traditional incandescent lamps for colors from red to green. As a result of these advances, LEDs are becoming competitive in applications such as large area signs, traffic signals and automobile lighting. By mixing red, blue and green LEDs or by using phosphor-converted blue or ultraviolet devices, the creation of white light can be achieved, opening up additional applications. A review of the applications for high-brightness LED technology will also be presented.
Supplementary Table S4 from Antitumor activity and molecular effects of the novel heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, IPI-504, in pancreatic cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table S4 from Antitumor activity and molecular effects of the novel heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, IPI-504, in pancreatic cancer
Preparation and biochemical and biomedical applications of new monosized polymer particles (1993)

Abstract The method for preparation of monodisperse polymer particles by activated swelling was first presented 12 years ago. Since then the principle of activated swelling has resulted in procedures for the production of a number of monodisperse systems with particle sizes and compositions that were unattainable by previous methods. It has also formed the basis for several new applications of polymer particles. A short review of the basic theoretical principles which have been used in the development of the new processes is given. Methods for preparation of monosized polymer particles are described, and the most important biochemical and biomedical applications of various types of particles, including magnetic particles, are given.
You Could Be Mine(d): The Rise of Cryptojacking (2019)

Traditional malicious attacks have evolved beyond file-based methods, with malicious files now existing as processes and services to evade detection. This article examines the rise of cryptojacking-the use of another's machine for profit through cryptocurrency mining-and how we're all at risk.
Colorimetric and near infrared fluorescent detection of cyanide by a new phenanthroimidazole–indolium conjugated probe (2014)

A new dual colorimetric and fluorescent probe was developed for rapid detection of cyanide anions with high selectivity and sensitivity.
Urea transport deficiency in Jk(a-b-) erythrocytes (1991)

The activity of the urea transporter was determined in human erythrocytes of the Kidd blood type Jk(a-b-) by measuring unidirectional urea and thiourea fluxes in tracer flux experiments and urea net fluxes in light-scattering experiments. When compared with control cells, Jk(a-b-) cells exhibited diminished urea and thiourea fluxes and lacked the kinetic characteristics of mediated transport, suggesting that in these cells urea and thiourea moved only by simple diffusion through the lipid bilayer. Control experiments showed that anion, water, and ethylene glycol permeabilities were the same in Jk(a-b-) and control cells. These experiments thus demonstrate that Jk(a-b-) cells lack mediated urea transport and strongly support the notion that urea transport function is separate from the transport for anions, water, and ethylene glycol, probably because different proteins are responsible for these transport functions.
Interaction of human serum albumin with short polyelectrolytes: a study by calorimetry and computer simulations (2015)

We present a comprehensive study of the interaction of human serum albumin (HSA) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA; number average degree of polymerization: 25) in aqueous solution. The interaction of HSA with PAA is studied in dilute solution as a function of the concentration of added salt (20-100 mM) and temperature (25-37 °C). Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is used to analyze the interaction and to determine the binding constant and related thermodynamic data. It is found that only one PAA chain is bound per HSA molecule. The free energy of binding ΔGb increases with temperature significantly. ΔGb decreases with increasing salt concentration and is dominated by entropic contributions due to the release of bound counterions. Coarse-grained Langevin computer simulations treating the counterions in an explicit manner are used to study the process of binding in detail. These simulations demonstrate that the PAA chains are bound in the Sudlow II site of HSA. Moreover, ΔGb is calculated from the simulations and found to be in very good agreement with the measured data. The simulations demonstrate clearly that the driving force of binding is the release of counterions in full agreement with the ITC-data.
Improved reconstruction algorithm for luminescence optical tomography when background lumiphore is present (1998)

We examine the impact of background lumiphore on image quality in luminescence optical tomography. A modification of a previously described algorithm [J. Chang, H. L. Graber, and R. L. Barbour, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14, 288-299 (1997); J. Chang, H. L. Graber, and R. L. Barbour, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 44, 810-822 (1997)] that estimates the background luminescence directly from the detector readings is developed. Numerical simulations were performed to calculate the diffusion-regime limiting form of forward-problem solutions for a specific test medium. We performed image reconstructions with and without white noise added to the detector readings, using both the original and the improved versions of the algorithm. The results indicate that the original version produces unsatisfactory reconstructions when background lumiphore is present, whereas the improved algorithm yields qualitatively better images, especially for small target-to-background luminescence yield ratios.
Plane wave imaging for ultrasonic inspection of irregular structures with high frame rates (2016)

Ultrasonic imaging with high frame rates is of great interest to perform fast inspections and to reduce NDE costs. In this communication, we propose a new fast imaging method which is derived from the medical Plane Wave Imaging (PWI). The PWI method is applied to different immersion-testing configurations (specimens with plane or complex surfaces) and to different imaging modes (imaging with direct or half-skip wave paths) according to the type of defects (point-like or extended crack-types defects).
eClinical trials: The future is now (2002)

Clinical trial conduct today requires improvements in efficiency, accuracy and subject safety. These benefits are available as the industry makes clinical trial process changes through Web-based technology.
Supplementary Data from Genomic and Mutational Profiling to Assess Clonal Relationships Between Multiple Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers (2023)

Supplementary Data from Genomic and Mutational Profiling to Assess Clonal Relationships Between Multiple Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers
Methods of Evaluation of Concrete Floor Surface Profiles (2005)

Information on flatness and levelness of concrete slabs is scarce despite the fact that 70% of all concrete produced in Australia is used for floor slab and pavement construction. Without doubt, floor slab and pavement construction represents the most common building application for concrete. Whilst some guidance is available in ACI publications on the subject (ACI 117, 1990; ACI 302, 1996) construction processes are known to influence the final performance significantly, in terms of serviceability. Some useful information for design, construction and floor surface evaluation of industrial and other pavement types in Australian conditions can be found in the literature (AS3600 2001; CandCAA 1999; Report T48 1998; NATSPEC 2003). To enhance and refine design and construction methods, relevant field data on floor flatness and levelness is required. An analysis of some of these factors with respect to ultimate surface tolerance criteria is presented in this paper. Different codes, standards and national specifications related to flatness and levelness, from various countries are discussed and definitions of relevant parameters are given. A comparison of flatness and levelness according to different methods of evaluation is presented. Qualitative and quantitative data were obtained on 26 slabs from a hospital building, and from a further 48 slabs which included residential, commercial and industrial applications. Also data from 5 large scale pavement slabs, and one very large scale ware-house slab (about 20,000m{2} of floor area) are summarized for comparison.
PSYCHOLOGIC DIMENSIONS IN THE PERCEPTION OF EVERYDAY ODORS: PLEASANTNESS AND EDIBILITY (2008)

ABSTRACT Different studies have reported that when a wide range of odors are assessed at a similar odor intensity, the hedonic dimension (pleasantness) is the most salient. Multivariate statistical methods can be applied to odor profile databases in order to further understand other underlying dimensions in the psychologic perception of everyday smells. One of the few odor profile databases published in the literature using odorant samples representative of ordinary odors was obtained by Chrea and coworkers (2005) . In the present study, this data set was reanalyzed using principal component analysis. The first component was related with the hedonic dimension, while the second component discriminated food versus nonfood odors. These results suggest that ordinary smells could be classified according to their hedonic and edible character, which is of interest to provide some consensus in odor classification as well as to develop low‐dimensional odor maps. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Different classification schemes of ordinary odors have been proposed in the literature, but none of them is based on the psychologic dimensions of odor perception, which is the proposal of this study. In a reported research, a panel of about 120 subjects rated the hedonic tone of 146 odor descriptors on a numeric scale. Similarly, if a panel is asked to rate the hedonic as well as the edible character of a large set of odors, the results would allow the classification of odor descriptors according to both psychologic dimensions. A scatter plot of these ratings might be regarded as a two‐dimensional map of ordinary odors. The same idea could be extended to other relevant dimensions of olfactory perception space, which might provide the basis to develop low‐dimensional odor maps, as well as to achieve certain consensus in odor classification.
Nonlinear pulsing schemes for diagnostic ultrasound. (2009)

With the introduction of ultrasound contrast agents and the development of tissue harmonic imaging (THI), nonlinear acoustics has become a major research direction in diagnostic ultrasound. In THI an image is formed from the nonlinear components (due to nonlinear propagation) of the backscattered signal. Pulsing schemes have been invented to specifically detect the nonlinear components. These schemes are pulse inversion (PI), power modulation (PM), and their combinations (PMPI2, PMPI3, and PMPI4). The KZK equation is used to investigate these pulsing schemes in conditions that closely resemble ultrasound imaging in order to fully understand the properties of these schemes. Measurements of nonlinear propagation of such pulses were compared with the KZK predictions and were found in good agreement. Pulse inversion isolates the even harmonic components only and extracts the total amount of nonlinearity in those components. With pulsing schemes with different amplitudes (PM, PMPI2, and PMPI3), the differential nonlinearity between pulses is detected, with PMPI2 extracting the largest total amount. In addition, the schemes with amplitude modulation have a nonlinear fundamental component that suffers less than the higher harmonics from thermoviscous absorption and thus offers more signal in penetration limited cases.
Integration of auditory and vibrotactile stimuli: Effects of frequency (2010)

Perceptual integration of vibrotactile and auditory sinusoidal tone pulses was studied in detection experiments as a function of stimulation frequency. Vibrotactile stimuli were delivered through a single channel vibrator to the left middle fingertip. Auditory stimuli were presented diotically through headphones in a background of 50 dB sound pressure level broadband noise. Detection performance for combined auditory-tactile presentations was measured using stimulus levels that yielded 63% to 77% correct unimodal performance. In Experiment 1, the vibrotactile stimulus was 250 Hz and the auditory stimulus varied between 125 and 2000 Hz. In Experiment 2, the auditory stimulus was 250 Hz and the tactile stimulus varied between 50 and 400 Hz. In Experiment 3, the auditory and tactile stimuli were always equal in frequency and ranged from 50 to 400 Hz. The highest rates of detection for the combined-modality stimulus were obtained when stimulating frequencies in the two modalities were equal or closely spaced (and within the Pacinian range). Combined-modality detection for closely spaced frequencies was generally consistent with an algebraic sum model of perceptual integration; wider-frequency spacings were generally better fit by a Pythagorean sum model. Thus, perceptual integration of auditory and tactile stimuli at near-threshold levels appears to depend both on absolute frequency and relative frequency of stimulation within each modality.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Gas Transport Through Chiral Liquid Crystalline Monolayer (2008)

Molecular dynamics simulations were done for a chiral liquid crystalline (LC) monolayer with and without transmonolayer H 2 gas flow. The rotational dynamics of the monolayer LC molecule (MHPOBC) along its long-molecular axis was analyzed by tracing the orientations of the C = O bond close to the chiral part. We found that the reorientational motion along the molecular long-axis within the simulated time scale (10ns) was mostly not rotation but libration. We also found that the transmonolayer H 2 gas flow renders no apparent effects on the rotational motions of the MHPOBC molecules. Dependency of the MHPOBC rotational directions under the gas flow on the molecular chirality was not seen either. In contrast, marked chirality dependency was found in the asymmetry of the C = O orientational distributions that are oppositely biased each other between (S)- and (R)-MHPOBC. Resultant net polarization directions from these biased C = O distributions correspond to the experimentally reported spontaneous polarization (P s ) directions. It suggests that in our simulations, P s and its direction were determineded as the “biased distribution” within much shorter time scale than that for the “hindered rotation”.
CCRL2 Modulates Physiological and Pathological Angiogenesis During Retinal Development (2021)

Chemerin is a multifunctional protein involved in the regulation of inflammation, metabolism, and tumorigenesis. It binds to three receptors, CMKLR1, GPR1 and CCRL2. CMKLR1 is a fully functional receptor mediating most of the known activities of chemerin. CCRL2 does not seem to couple to any intracellular signaling pathway and is presently considered as an atypical receptor able to present the protein to cells expressing CMKLR1. CCRL2 is expressed by many cell types including leukocyte subsets and endothelial cells, and its expression is strongly upregulated by inflammatory stimuli. We recently reported that chemerin can negatively regulate the angiogenesis process, including during the development of the vascular network in mouse retina. The role of CCRL2 in angiogenesis was unexplored so far. In the present work, we demonstrate that mice lacking CCRL2 exhibit a lower density of vessels in the developing retina and this phenotype persists in adulthood, in a CMKLR1-dependent manner. Vascular sprouting was not affected, while vessel pruning, and endothelial cell apoptosis were increased. Pathological angiogenesis was also reduced in CCRL2<sup>-/-</sup> mice in a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. The phenotype closely mimics that of mice overexpressing chemerin, and the concentration of chemerin was found elevated in the blood of newborn mice, when the retinal vasculature develops. CCRL2 appears therefore to regulate the distribution and concentration of chemerin in organs, regulating thereby its bioactivity.
Hardware Synthesis From Coarse-Grained Dataflow Specification For Fast HW/SW Cosynthesis (2005)

This paper concerns automatic hardware synthesis from data flow graph (DFG) specification for fast HW/SW cosynthesis. A node in DFG represents a coarse grain block such as FIR and DCT and a port in a block may consume multiple data samples per invocation, which distinguishes our approach from behavioral synthesis and complicates the problem. In the presented design methodology, a dataflow graph with specified algorithm can be mapped to various hardware structures according to the resource allocation and schedule information. This simplifies the management of the area/performance tradeoff in hardware design and widens the design space of hardware implementation of a dataflow graph compared with the previous approaches. Through experiments with some examples, the usefulness of the proposed technique is demonstrated.
Folic Acid and Neural Tube Defects: The Current Evidence and Implications for Prevention (2007)

The results of the MRC Vitamin Study have established the specific role of folic acid in the prevention of neural tube defects. Folic acid supplementation (4 mg/day) at the time of conception reduced the recurrence rate by about 70%. Evidence from observational studies and the Hungarian randomized trial (that used 0.4-0.8 mg/day supplemental folic acid) indicates that a similar level of prevention can be achieved among women who have not already had an affected pregnancy and that this may be achieved with a lower dose of folic acid. The medical implications of these results are important. (1) Women planning a pregnancy should take folic acid supplements. (2) Because a large proportion of pregnancies are unplanned and many of those that are planned will occur in women who will not have taken folic acid supplements, a complementary general public health strategy is needed, based on dietary advice and food fortification designed to achieve the benefit with adequate safety. (3) Any public health prevention strategy needs to be monitored for efficacy and possible harm. (4) Research is needed on the dose-response relationship between folic acid and neural tube defect prevention and the mechanism of action.