gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High accuracy analysis of low level sulfur in diesel fuel by isotope dilution high resolution ICP-MS, using silicon for mass bias correction of natural isotope ratios (2001)

A novel isotope dilution mass spectrometry method using ICP-MS is presented for establishing high accuracy reference values for sulfur in fossil fuels. The European Community plans to reduce the permitted content of sulfur in fossil fuels. In the case of diesel fuel the 1993 limit of 2000 µg g−1 is to be reduced to 50 µg g−1 by the year 2003. The new approach will readily meet the needs set by these new legal limits. Samples were prepared by closed vessel microwave digestion to ensure retention of the volatile sulfur compounds in solution and spike equilibration. The natural and spiked isotopic ratios of 32S/34S were then measured using a Finnigan MAT Element magnetic sector ICP-MS operating in medium resolution (R = 3000) mode to avoid the spectral interference of O2 on the sulfur isotopes. The natural isotopic composition of sulfur varies in nature and so must be measured in each sample. Here, we demonstrate a novel method in which silicon is used to correct for the effects of mass bias. The isotopic composition of silicon is well characterised and has minimal natural variation. The combined uncertainty of natural ratio measurements in sulfur solutions and sample digests is about 0.4%. The new ICP-IDMS method shows excellent agreement with the certified values for NIST SRM (SRM2724b) of 427 ± 7 µg g−1 compared to reference values of 428 ± 4 µg g−1. There is also good agreement with industry standard methods of analyses for low sulfur diesel. The combined uncertainty of the new method is 1–2% at <50 µg g−1. Samples taken from UK retail outlets sold as low sulfur diesel (<50 µg g−1) differ from the target sulfur content by up to 15 µg g−1. This deviation is comparable to the range in results for recognised routine methods and highlights how improved reference values at these concentrations will aid both the producer and legislator.
Lifetrak (2006)

Advances in sensing technology and wider availability of network services is beckoning the use of context-awareness in ubiquitous computing applications. One region in which these technologies can play a major role is in the area of entertainment. Particularly, context-awareness can be used to provide higher quality interaction between humans and the media they are interacting with. We propose a music player, Lifetrak, that is in tune with a person's life by using a context-sensitive music engine to drive what music is played. This context engine is influenced by (i) the location of the user, (ii) the time of operation, (iii) the velocity of the user, and (iv) urban environment information such as traffic, weather, and sound modalities. Furthermore, we adjust the context engine by implementing a learning model that is based on user feedback on whether a certain song is appropriate for a particular context. Also, we introduce the idea of a context equalizer that adjusts how much a certain sensing modality affects what song is chosen. Since the music player will be implemented on a mobile device, there is a strong focus on creating a user interface that can be manipulated by users on the go. The goal of Lifetrak is to liberate a user from having to consciously specify the music that they want to play. Instead, Lifetrak intends to create a music experience for the user that is in rhythm with themselves and the space they reside in.
OF SQUEEZE FILM DAMPER SUPPORTED ROTORS (2015)

This paper investigates the influence of disk flexibility on the dynamical behavior of a flexible disk/shaft rotor system supported with squeeze film dampers. A simplified nonlinear rotor model incorporating disk/shaft coupling dynamics is developed for lateral vibration of a rotor system. The steady state performance of the system is explored over a wide range of operating conditions using numerical integration and harmonic balance analysis. It is shown that disk flexibility may significantly affect the dynamical behavior of the system at high operating speed by creating an additional critical speed. It is observed that both the SFD journal motion and the disk motion associated with the additional critical speed are aperiodic and of large amplitudes. It is demonstrated that the influence of disk flexibility can be shifted out of the operating speed range by increasing the retainer spring stiffness.
Writing Consistent Stories based on Structured Multi-Authored Narrative Spaces (2013)

Multi-authoring is currently a common practice in the field of contemporary storytelling but producing consistent stories that share a common narrative space when multiple authors are involved is not a trivial task. Inconsistencies, which are not always well-received by readers are sometimes expensive to fix. In this work we attempt to improve the consistency of stories and narrative spaces by introducing a set of rules based on a formal model. Such a model takes into account the reader’s concept of consistency in storytelling, and acts as a framework for building tools to construct stories grounded in a common narrative space with a reinforced sense of consistency. We define a model (the Setting) and deploy it through a tool (CrossTale); both based on previous research, and discuss some user evaluation, with an in-depth analysis of the results and their implications.
Optical phonons in carbon nanotubes: Kohn anomalies, Peierls distortions, and dynamic effects (2007)

We present a detailed study of the vibrational properties of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The phonon dispersions of SWNTs are strongly shaped by the effects of electron-phonon coupling. We analyze the separate contributions of curvature and confinement. Confinement plays a major role in modifying SWNT phonons and is often more relevant than curvature. Due to their one-dimensional character, metallic tubes are expected to undergo Peierls distortions (PD) at $T=0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. At finite temperature, PD are no longer present, but phonons with atomic displacements similar to those of the PD are affected by strong Kohn anomalies (KA). We investigate by density functional theory (DFT) KA and PD in metallic SWNTs with diameters up to $3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, in the electronic temperature range from $4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ to $3000\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. We then derive a set of simple formulas accounting for all the DFT results. Finally, we prove that the static approach, commonly used for the evaluation of phonon frequencies in solids, fails because of the SWNTs reduced dimensionality. The correct description of KA in metallic SWNTs can be obtained only by using a dynamical approach, beyond the adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer approximation, by taking into account nonadiabatic contributions. Dynamic effects induce significant changes in the occurrence and shape of Kohn anomalies. We show that the SWNT Raman $G$ peak can only be interpreted considering the combined dynamic, curvature and confinement effects. We assign the ${G}^{+}$ and ${G}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ peaks of metallic SWNTs to TO (circumferential) and LO (axial) modes, respectively, the opposite of semiconducting SWNTs.
Beam Diagnostic of the LINAC for the Compact High-Performance THz-FEL (2015)

With the aim to obtain short-pulse bunches with high peak current for a terahertz radiation source, an FEL-based LINAC is employed in HUST THz-FEL, and the LINAC consists of an EC-ITC RF gun, a disk-loaed waveguide structure with a constant gradient and collinear absorbing loads with focusing coils surrounded and so on. To achieve a balance between compactness and high performance, beam diagnostic system should be simple and high-precision. So that a cost-effective measurement scheme for the high-brightness beam extracted by the LINAC is needed. This paper will describe the beam line and beam diagnostic system of the LINAC in the HUST THz-FEL in detail and give corresponding assembly scheme. In addition, online monitor system is introduced.
A parallel computing platform for training large scale neural networks (2013)

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been proved to be successfully used in a variety of pattern recognition and data mining applications. However, training ANNs on large scale datasets are both data-intensive and computation-intensive. Therefore, large scale ANNs are used with reservation for their time-consuming training to get high precision. In this paper, we present cNeural, a customized parallel computing platform to accelerate training large scale neural networks with the backpropagation algorithm. Unlike many existing parallel neural network training systems working on thousands of training samples, cNeural is designed for fast training large scale datasets with millions of training samples. To achieve this goal, firstly, cNeural adopts HBase for large scale training dataset storage and parallel loading. Secondly, it provides a parallel in-memory computing framework for fast iterative training. Third, we choose a compact, event-driven messaging communication model instead of the heartbeat polling model for instant messaging delivery. Experimental results show that the overhead time cost by data loading and messaging communication is very low in cNeural and cNeural is around 50 times faster than the solution based on Hadoop MapReduce. It also achieves nearly linear scalability and excellent load balancing.
Design and Synthesis of Macrocyclic Peptomers as Mimics of a Quorum Sensing Signal from Staphylococcus aureus (2008)

We report the design and synthesis of macrocyclic peptide-peptoid hybrids (peptomers) as analogs of autoinducing peptide I (AIP-I) from Staphylococcus aureus. Our solid-phase synthetic route includes efficient microwave-assisted reactions and a tandem macrocyclization-cleavage step, and we demonstrate its compatibility with parallel synthesis through the generation of a focused peptomer library. One of the peptomers was capable of stimulating biofilm formation in S. aureus, a phenotype linked to AIP-I receptor (AgrC-I) inhibition.
Viewpoint: Acoustic Experiments without Borders (2018)

A new approach to laboratory acoustic experiments could remove unwanted effects caused by the reflections of acoustic waves from the boundaries of the experimental setup.
Wavelength-tracking technique for spectrum-sliced WDM passive optical network (2000)

We propose and demonstrate a simple wavelength-tracking technique for the spectrum-sliced wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network. The proposed technique could maintain the optical powers of the spectrum-sliced channels within 0.2 dB when the operating temperature of the remote node was varied from 15/spl deg/C to 55/spl deg/C, as rapidly as 0.5/spl deg/C/min.
Creation of second-order nonlinearity and quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in Ge-implanted fused silica planar waveguide (2005)

A planar waveguide was formed in fused silica plate by implantation of 5-MeV Ge2+ ions to a dose of 1015ions∕cm2. Thermal poling created larger second-order nonlinearity in the waveguide than in blank fused silica plate. The nonlinearity could be erased by 266nm ultraviolet exposure. Periodical nonlinearity distribution in the waveguide was implemented by periodical UV exposure. The first-order quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation from 1064nm fundamental mode to 532nm fundamental mode was achieved in the waveguide. The d33:d31 ratio was found to be 3.2:1, in favor of the built-in electric field model for Ge-implanted silica waveguide.
Abstract 10908: Tonic Chemoreflex Activation Contributes to Increased Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Heart Failure-Related Anemia. (2010)

Intoduction: Sympathetic activation contributes to both the initiation and progression of heart failure. The role of anemia in determining sympathetic overactivity in chronic heart failure (CHF) pa...
Schema transformation without database reorganization (1993)

We argue for avoiding database reorganizations due to schema modification in object-oriented systems, since these are expensive operations and they conflict with reusing existing software components. We show that data independence, which is a neglected concept in object databases, helps to avoid reorganizations in case of capacity preserving and reducing schema transformations. We informally present a couple of examples to illustrate the idea of a schema transformation methodology that avoids database reorganization.
Sulfuranes. XIX. Aryltrialkoxysulfurane prepared from a cyclic sulfenate. Polarity rules and sulfurane reactivity (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfuranes. XIX. Aryltrialkoxysulfurane prepared from a cyclic sulfenate. Polarity rules and sulfurane reactivityGary W. Astrologes and J. C. MartinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 23, 6909–6911Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00856a075RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (403 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
N-Methyl-L-Serine Stimulates Hyaluronan Production in Human Skin Fibroblasts (1999)

We examined the effects of N-methyl-L-serine (NMS), an amino acid derivative, on hyaluronan (HA) synthesis in human skin fibroblasts. NMS (1-10 mM), but not L-serine, stimulated the incorporation of [(3)H]glucosamine into HA dose-dependently, with a maximum stimulation of 1.5-fold compared to the control. The effect of NMS was specific for HA production, because there was no change in sulfated glycosaminoglycan formation. Neither the N-methyl derivatives of L-glycine or L-alanine, nor N-methyl-D-serine, could stimulate HA synthesis, indicating that the beta-hydroxyl group and the L-configuration were essential for the activity. Gel filtration of the products showed that NMS stimulated the production of high-molecular-mass HA (>10(6) D) without affecting the production of low-molecular-mass HA. NMS required 24 h to stimulate HA production, and when fibroblasts were pretreated for 10-24 h with NMS (1-10 mM), membrane-associated HA synthase activity was increased dose-dependently. Thus, a second messenger is likely to be involved in the stimulation of HA production by NMS.
Dual‐Scale Porous Electrodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells from Polymer Foams (2005)

Porous nanostructured mixed-conducting materials with dual-scale porosities are fabricated using foam-like templates. The porous structures, as shown in the Figure, contain large pores (0.8–1.5 μm) for rapid gas transport and small pores (≈ 2.5 and 35 nm) for fast electrochemical reactions that require large surface areas. Thus, these electrode materials are ideally suited for electrochemical and catalytic applications, such as for solid oxide fuel cells.
Studying co-running avionic real-time applications on multi-core COTS architectures (2014)

International audience
Preface (2012)

Central to the challenge of making computers secure is the very theory of computer security.A full understanding of computer security is lacking, and it is difficult to rigorously enforce even the models we do understand.Shedding light on the theory of computer security is the focus of the IEEE Computer Security Foundations Symposium (CSF), an annual conference for computer security researchers.CSF covers all theoretical aspects of computer security, including formal models and verification methods.The 2010 conference was the 23rd in the series.We invited the authors of some of the excellent papers appearing in that conference to submit expanded versions to the Journal of Computer Security.Based on a full peer review process, just three of these submissions were judged ready to be accepted to this special issue featuring some of the high-quality work ongoing in the theory of computer security.In "Required information release", Stephen Chong introduces a new kind of policy for information security.Previous models of information security have focused on preventing release of information and on defining conditions in which information may be released.Chong identifies real-world situations in which applications are required to release some information and develops a formal theory for describing this information security property.Computer systems rely on increasingly complex authorization mechanisms to control access to resources.In many cases the policies controlling access may be confidential.A danger is that an adversary may learn about these policies by probing them through access attempts.Moritz Becker's paper "Information flow in trust management systems" studies what information can be learned about policies by probing attacks in a credential-based authorization system, showing connections to but also differences from prior work on information flow security.Computerized voting systems are increasingly important.But they are also uniquely demanding from the computer security standpoint, because they must balance multiple security objectives that are in tension with each other.One of the most challenging security goals is coercion resistance, which prevents vote buying and coerced voting.In "A game-based definition of coercion resistance and its applications", Ralf Küsters, Tomasz Truderung and Andreas Vogt present a new way to quantitatively characterize coercion resistance, and show that some well-known voting systems are not as coercion resistant as we might like.We would like to thank the many people who helped make this special issue possible.These include the external reviewers, who put many hours into reviewing submitted papers, and provided many thoughtful suggestions.The JCS Editors-in-Chief, John Mitchell and Pierangela Samarati, provided guidance through the process.We
Impact of long‐term dietary patterns and short‐term nutrient intake on the gut microbiota of children 4 to 8 years of age (2017)

The gut microbiota is undergoing rapid changes in the first few years of life and diet plays a fundamental role in shaping the gut microbiota. It is commonly believed that by age 3 years, the microbiota composition resembles that of an adult. However, recent research shows differences in the microbiota composition between pre‐adolescence children and adults. Little is known about how diet influences the gut microbiota composition in young, healthy children. Herein, the effect of long‐term dietary patterns and short‐term dietary intake on longitudinal changes in microbiota composition were studied in children aged 4–8 years. A food frequency questionnaire, 3‐day food record and stool sample were collected for each participant (n=24) at baseline, 6‐weeks and 6‐months post‐baseline. Nutrient intake was analyzed using Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR). Dietary patterns based on food groups were identified using principal component analysis. Bacterial genomic DNA was analyzed for total bacteria, Prevotella , Lactobacillus , and Roseburia by quantitative real‐time qPCR. Distinct microbial profiles were identified for three long‐term dietary patterns. Compared to the other two dietary patterns, a diet pattern characterized by a higher intake of fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, legumes, nuts and seeds, but also sugary drinks and desserts showed higher abundance of total bacteria. A diet pattern defined by a higher intake of whole grains and starchy vegetables was characterized by lower density of Lactobacillus and Roseburia, but higher density of Prevotella . Lastly, a diet pattern characterized by higher intake of refined grains, French fries and a lower intake in salty snacks was associated with lower abundance of total bacteria. Short‐term dietary fiber intake was not significantly correlated with bacterial abundance. Overall, there was no significant difference in the mean of the bacteria concentration between baseline and 6 weeks. However, bacterial abundance differed for some individuals between the two time points. In conclusion, long‐term dietary patterns influence the fecal microbiota of children aged 4 to 8 years. Analysis of 6 month samples will inform findings relative to the longitudinal stability of the gut microbiota. Future analysis includes microbiome analyses using next generation sequencing and assessment of short chain fatty acid concentrations. Support or Funding Information USDA Hatch Grant ILLU‐698‐311
Turbo Equalization for Gray-Coded M-ary QAM with Bit-Level Soft Decisions (2007)

This paper investigates the soft-in soft-out (SISO) equalization of multilevel QAM symbols in coded inter-symbol interference (ISI) channels. Unlike the conventional approach of performing equalization at the symbol level, the proposed scheme targets the channel bits directly. This solution can be seen to belong to a family of SISO detection schemes which we call Bit-Level Equalization and Soft Detection (BLESD), stemming from the minimization of variational free energy given different postulates about the prior and posterior distributions of the channel bits. Simulation results demonstrate that the bit-level approach outperforms the symbol-level alternative in terms of error rate in the Porat-Friedlander channel.
Minimum Operating Voltage Prediction in Production Test Using Accumulative Learning (2021)

We propose a new methodology to predict minimum operating voltage (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</inf> ) for production chips. In addition, we propose two new key features to improve the prediction accuracy. Our proposed accumulative learning can reduce the impact of lot-to-lot variations. Experimental results on two 7nm industry designs (about 1.2M chips from 142 lots) show that we can achieve above 95% good prediction. Our methodology can save 75% test time compared with traditional testing. To implement this method, we will need to have a separate test flow for the initial training and accumulative training.