gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allele‐specific imbalance mapping at human orthologs of mouse susceptibility to colon cancer (Scc) loci (2015)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be classified into different types. Chromosomal instable (CIN) colon cancers are thought to be the most common type of colon cancer. The risk of developing a CIN-related CRC is due in part to inherited risk factors. Genome-wide association studies have yielded over 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CRC risk, but these only account for a subset of risk alleles. Some of this missing heritability may be due to gene-gene interactions. We developed a strategy to identify interacting candidate genes/loci for CRC risk that utilizes both linkage and RNA-seq data from mouse models in combination with allele-specific imbalance (ASI) studies in human tumors. We applied our strategy to three previously identified CRC susceptibility loci in the mouse that show evidence of genetic interaction: Scc4, Scc5 and Scc13. 525 SNPs from genes showing differential expression in the mouse and/or a previous role in cancer from the literature were evaluated for allele-specific imbalance in 194 paired human normal/tumor DNAs from CIN-related CRCs. One hundred three SNPs showing suggestive evidence of ASI (31 variants with uncorrected p values < 0.05) were genotyped in a validation set of 296 paired DNAs. Two variants in SNX10 (SCC13) showed significant evidence of allelic selection after multiple comparisons testing. Future studies will evaluate the role of these variants in combination with interacting genetic partners in colon cancer risk in mouse and humans.
Why albumin may not work (1998)

Starling's principle is often represented as the leakage of fluids from the arterial end of capillaries, where the hydrostatic pressure is greater than the oncotic pressure (derived from the plasma proteins), and the reabsorption of fluid into the venous end, where the oncotic pressure exceeds the hydrostatic pressure. A small excess of fluid in the interstitial space—when filtration from the capillaries is greater than reabsorption—is dealt with by lymphatic drainage from the interstitial space. The rationale for giving albumin solutions rather than crystalloid solutions in cases of hypovolaemic shock is that fluid reabsorption …
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐SUBSTITUIERTE 3‐METHYLFURANE (1973)

Abstract Das Methylfuran (I) wird mit Dimethylformamid und Phosphoroxychlorid oder mit Acetanhydrid in Gegenwart von "Anhydron" in 2‐Stellung acyliert.
Degradation of Monocrotophos under Accelerated Storage (1999)

Monocrotophos (MCP) strength and the impurities in its technical material have been found to influence its degradation during storage. MCP solutions in cyclohexanone were more stable than those in acetone, isopropanol or ethanol. The degradation was the least in samples stored in aluminium containers followed by glass and high density polyethylene. Storage under refrigerated condition considerably checked MCP degradation.
Optical Properties of Nanostructures and Applications to Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopy (2009)

Metallic nanoparticles, in particular silver and gold nanostructures, are at the centre of the development of plasmon enhanced optical signals. There is a flurry of activities in the fabrication and testing of these nanostructures, especially in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface enhanced-infrared absorption (SEIRA), the two branches of surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy. The need to develop an understanding of this general subject matter for practicing spectroscopists cannot be questioned. This work is a unique undertaking intended to examine some of the elements that give rise to surface enhanced spectroscopy. The optical properties of nanoparticles are discussed in detail, beginning with a discussion of the electromagnetic theory describing the interaction of light and matter. Exact solutions to the electromagnetic equations are used to model and calculate plasmonics of nanoparticles. These methods include Mie theory, and extensions to Mie such as for concentric spheres and interacting spheres. Approximate methods are also discussed, such as the dipolar model for ellipsoids of rotation, and the coupled dipole equations for irregular or interacting particles. These models are used to obtain optical properties as well as enhanced electromagnetic fields, applied to surface enhanced vibrational spectroscopy. The origin of vibrational spectroscopy is briefly described, and quantum mechanical calculations are performed to describe a variety of the molecular possibilities arising through surface enhanced spectroscopy, such as aggregation, chemical adsorption, and surface selection rules.
Gold on Different Manganese Oxides: Ultra-Low-Temperature CO Oxidation over Colloidal Gold Supported on Bulk-MnO2 Nanomaterials (2016)

Nanoscopic gold particles have gained very high interest because of their promising catalytic activity for various chemicals reactions. Among these reactions, low-temperature CO oxidation is the most extensively studied one due to its practical relevance in environmental applications and the fundamental problems associated with its very high activity at low temperatures. Gold nanoparticles supported on manganese oxide belong to the most active gold catalysts for CO oxidation. Among a variety of manganese oxides, Mn2O3 is considered to be the most favorable support for gold nanoparticles with respect to catalytic activity. Gold on MnO2 has been shown to be significantly less active than gold on Mn2O3 in previous work. In contrast to these previous studies, in a comprehensive study of gold nanoparticles on different manganese oxides, we developed a gold catalyst on MnO2 nanostructures with extremely high activity. Nanosized gold particles (2-3 nm) were supported on α-MnO2 nanowires and mesoporous β-MnO2 nanowire arrays. The materials were extremely active at very low temperature (-80 °C) and also highly stable at 25 °C (70 h) under normal conditions for CO oxidation. The specific reaction rate of 2.8 molCO·h(-1)·gAu(-1) at a temperature as low as -85 °C is almost 30 times higher than that of the most active Au/Mn2O3 catalyst.
Intranasal Delivery of Two Benzodiazepines, Midazolam and Diazepam, by a Microemulsion System (2011)

Nasal application of benzodiazepines might be an alternative to intravenous administration in acute clinical situations such as seizures emergencies. However, irritation and pain as well as symptoms like teary eyes, dizziness, discomfort, nasal drainage and bad taste usually accompany subject received midazolam and diazepam via the nasal route. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a new alcohol-free microemulsion system as a carrier for diazepam or midazolam given intranasally. Midazolam (base) or diazepam was solubilized in the microemulsion to obtain a high drug concentration of 25 mg/g (2.5% by weight), to provide 2.5 mg drug in 100 µl spray (d ≈ 1.00 g/ml). The nasal absorption of both drugs from the same microemulsion formulation (containing 20% aqueous phase) was found to be fairly rapid after administration of 0.4 mg/kg to rabbits. The absolute bioavailability of diazepam after intranasal administration using this formulation was 33.45% ± 12.36% and the tmax was 18.33 ± 23.09 min, which was twice longer than the tmax obtained after midazolam administration, 9.25 ± 6.75 min. The pharmacokinetic parameters of midazolam in W/O (20% water) microemulsion and their comparison with midazolam in O/W (50% water) microemulsion have shown that both formulations resulted in a relatively short time to reach the peak plasma level (tmax), that is, 9.25 ± 6.75 min and 6.75 ± 5.67 min, respectively. However, the peak plasma levels (Cmax) and the absolute bioavailability (FA) of midazolam were significantly higher after administration of the W/O formulation than those obtained after application of O/W formulation, i.e., 46.62 ± 17.38 µg/ml vs. 15.44 ± 4.00 µg/ml, and 35.19% ± 11.83% vs. 19.83% ± 16.32%, respectively. Our results suggest that the new microemulsion system may be useful for getting rapid-onset of midazolam and diazepam following intranasal administration, resulting in reasonable peak plasma levels and bioavailability, but most importantly, providing a high measure of tolerability and comfort.
Short Communication:Outcomes of Dual Versus Triple Antiretroviral Drug Regimens Among Virally Suppressed Adults in the DC Cohort (2022)

This study explored virological outcomes of two-drug (2DRs) and three-drug (3DRs) antiretroviral regimens in adults with HIV in the DC Cohort. We analyzed 310 treatment-experienced adults with sustained HIV RNA ≤50 copies/mL at baseline, 53 of whom switched to 2DRs and 257 continued 3DRs. Adults on 2DRs and 3DRs had similar demographics (median age 53.3 years, 76.8% cisgender male, 76.1% Black). Adults on 2DRs had more participants with ≥2 comorbidities (62.3% vs. 42.8%, <i>p</i> = .019), had a longer time since HIV diagnosis (median years 20.4 vs. 13.2, <i>p</i> = .017), and received the regimen of interest for a shorter duration (median years 1.3 vs. 3.3, <i>p</i> < .001) compared with adults on 3DRs. Adults receiving 2DRs had a higher, although nonsignificant, risk for virological failure (two consecutive HIV RNA ≥50 copies/mL) at 24 months follow-up than adults on 3DRs (6.7% vs. 1.7%, respectively; <i>p</i> = .10). Future analysis of the effectiveness of 2DRs is needed.
Intragenic Complementation of Cellulose Synthase-Like D1 alleles in Root Hair Development (2020)

Abstract Root hair cells form the primary interface of plants with the soil environment, playing key roles in nutrient uptake and plant defense. In addition, they are typically the first cells infected by nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria during the root nodule symbiosis. Here we report a role for the Cellulose Synthase-Like D1 ( CSLD1 ) gene in root hair development in Lotus japonicus . CSLD1 belongs to the cellulose synthase protein family that includes cellulose synthases, and cellulose synthase-like proteins, the latter thought to be involved in the biosynthesis of hemicellulose. We describe 11 csld1 mutant alleles that have either short ( Ljcsld1-1 ) or variable length roots hairs ( Ljcsld1-2 to 11 ). Examination of Ljcsld1-1 and one variable-length root hair mutant, Ljcsld1-6 showed increased root hair cell wall thickness, which in Ljcsld1-1 was more pronounced, suggesting a possible link with the defect in root nodule symbiosis. In addition, Ljcsld1-1 heterozygotes had intermediate root hair lengths, between those of wild type and the homozygotes. Intragenic complementation was observed between alleles with mutations in the N-terminal domain and other alleles, suggesting modularity of CSLD1 function and that it may operate as a homodimer or multimer. One sentence summary This research describes novel gain- and loss-of-function mutations at the Lotus japonicus CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE D1 locus and analyzes their impact on root hair development.
Response of East Asian climate to Dansgaard/Oeschger and Heinrich events in a coupled model of intermediate complexity (2007)

Terrestrial records of loess‐paleosol sequences from across the Asian interior (Chinese Loess Plateau) have been used to reconstruct climatic conditions through the Quaternary and they correlate, in general, with oxygen isotope records from deep sea cores (e.g., the grain‐size maxima from Chinese loess with ages that match well those of the last six Heinrich events evidenced in the North Atlantic marine sediments during the last glacial period). Possible reasons for this teleconnection of the similar climate signal of the North Atlantic and China are investigated by using an Earth system model of intermediate complexity (CLIMBER‐2) for the typical period of last glacial age (during 60–20 kyr BP). By using the CLIMBER‐2 model, we have studied the response of East Asian climate during the typical glacial age (60–20 kyr BP) to Dansgaard/Oeschger (D/O) and Heinrich events. To trigger D/O and Heinrich events in the model, transient forcings in addition to changes in insolation caused by variations in the Earth orbit are prescribed in the modeling experiment. These additional forcings include changes in inland‐ice volume over North America, in freshwater flux into the northern North Atlantic. The modeling results show that the variations of the annual‐mean near‐surface air temperature over Eurasia closely follow climate changes in North Atlantic. The stronger intensity of westerly wind in the midlatitude of northern hemisphere versus the weaker Asian summer monsoon as well as the slightly weaker Asian winter monsoon (north easterly flow near surface) corresponds well with the (prescribed) Heinrich events during 60–20 kyr BP. This suggests that the climate signals found in Chinese loess (grain‐size maxima with ages that match those of the last six Heinrich events) during the last glaciation are likely related to the relatively stronger westerly winds over Eurasia in boreal winter and a relatively weaker Asian summer monsoon that intensified the aridity of northern China which lead to expansion of the northern deserts during the Heinrich events.
The Causal News Corpus: Annotating Causal Relations in Event Sentences from News (2022)

Despite the importance of understanding causality, corpora addressing causal relations are limited. There is a discrepancy between existing annotation guidelines of event causality and conventional causality corpora that focus more on linguistics. Many guidelines restrict themselves to include only explicit relations or clause-based arguments. Therefore, we propose an annotation schema for event causality that addresses these concerns. We annotated 3,559 event sentences from protest event news with labels on whether it contains causal relations or not. Our corpus is known as the Causal News Corpus (CNC). A neural network built upon a state-of-the-art pre-trained language model performed well with 81.20% F1 score on test set, and 83.46% in 5-folds cross-validation. CNC is transferable across two external corpora: CausalTimeBank (CTB) and Penn Discourse Treebank (PDTB). Leveraging each of these external datasets for training, we achieved up to approximately 64% F1 on the CNC test set without additional fine-tuning. CNC also served as an effective training and pre-training dataset for the two external corpora. Lastly, we demonstrate the difficulty of our task to the layman in a crowd-sourced annotation exercise. Our annotated corpus is publicly available, providing a valuable resource for causal text mining researchers.
Multifunctional graphene sheet–nanoribbon hybrid aerogels (2014)

Highly porous and elastic aerogels consisting of graphene sheets and nanoribbons can be used as adsorbents and supercapacitor electrodes.
Interpretation of Abnormal AC Loss Peak Based on Vortex-Molecule Model for a Multicomponent Cuprate Superconductor (2007)

An AC magnetic field can rotate a vortex-molecule composed of two fractional vortices in a multiband type of multicomponent superconductor, where two components couple with each other through the intercomponent Josephson interaction. It may directly relate to an abnormal AC loss peak, which we have found recently in the multilayer cuprate supercondutor CuxBa2Ca2Cu3Oy (Cu-1223).
<title>ELP-OA: measuring the wavefront tilt without a natural guide star</title> (2000)

We describe the current status of the ELP-OA project in which we try to demonstrate in practice that it is possible to measure the tilt of a wave front using only a polychromatic laser guide star and no natural guide star. The first phase of ELP-OA, consisting of feasibility experiments, has recently been completed successfully. This paper provides an overview over the results of this first phase and over the continuation of the ELP-OA project.
A synchronised Direct Digital Synthesiser (2005)

We describe a Direct Digital Synthesiser (DDS) which provides three frequency-locked synchronised outputs to generate frequencies from DC to 160 MHz. Primarily designed for use in a heterodyning range imaging system, the flexibility of the design allows its use in a number of other applications which require any number of stable, synchronised high frequency outputs. Frequency tuning of 32 bit length provides 0.1 Hz resolution when operating at the maximum clock rate of 400 MSPS, while 14 bit phase tuning provides 0.4 mrad resolution. The DDS technique provides very high relative accuracy between outputs, while the onboard oscillator’s stability of ±1 ppm adds absolute accuracy to the design.
Biocontrol of Fusarium Wilt and Growth Promotion of Tomato Plants Using Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Solanum elaeagnifolium Stems (2016)

Abstract Seven culturable bacterial isolates, obtained from the internal stem tissues of Solanum elaeagnifolium and successfully colonizing the internal stem tissues of tomato cv. Rio Grande, were screened for their in vivo antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici ( FOL ) and their growth‐promoting potential on tomato plants. SV 101 and SV 104 isolates, assessed on pathogen‐challenged tomato plants led to a significant decrease (77–83%) in Fusarium wilt severity and vascular browning extent (76%), as compared to the inoculated and untreated control. Isolates enhanced growth parameters on pathogen‐challenged and unchallenged tomato plants. SV 104 and SV 101 isolates were most effective in suppressing disease and enhancing plant growth. These two isolates were identified as Bacillus sp. str. SV 101 ( KU043040 ) and B. tequilensis str. SV 104 ( KU976970 ). They displayed antifungal activity against FOL ; pathogen growth was inhibited by 64% and an inhibition zone (11.50 and 19.75 mm) against FOL could be formed using whole cell suspensions. SV 101 and SV 104 extracellular metabolites also inhibited FOL growth by 20 and 55%, respectively, as compared to control. B. tequilensis str. SV 104 was shown to produce protease, chitinase, pectinase, IAA and siderophores. Bacillus sp. str. SV 101 displayed pectinase activity and was found to be an IAA ‐producing and phosphate‐solubilizing agent. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting on S. elaeagnifolium use as a potential source of potent biocontrol and plant growth‐promoting agents.
Fake fur rendering (1997)

Article Fake fur rendering Share on Author: Dan B. Goldman Industrial Light and Magic, P.O. Box 2459, San Rafael, CA Industrial Light and Magic, P.O. Box 2459, San Rafael, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGGRAPH '97: Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniquesAugust 1997 Pages 127–134https://doi.org/10.1145/258734.258807Published:03 August 1997 54citation1,882DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations54Total Downloads1,882Last 12 Months34Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Defining the genetic contribution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (2001)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common multifactorial genetic syndrome, which is determined by several different genes and environmental factors. It now affects 150 million people world wide but its incidence is increasing rapidly because of secondary factors, such as obesity, hypertension, and lack of physical activity. Many studies have been carried out to determine the genetic factors involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review we look at the different strategies used and discuss the genome wide scans performed so far in more detail. New technologies, such as microarrays, and the discovery of SNPs will lead to a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to better diagnostics, treatment, and eventually prevention.
Identification of residues in monoclonal antibody NC10.8 that bind to the sweetener N-(p-cyanophenyl)-N'-(diphenylmethyl)guanidinoacetic acid by using radioligand binding, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, computer-aided molecular modeling, and site-directed mutagenesis. (1994)

The interactive residues for mouse mAb NC10.8, which binds a superpotent guanidinium sweetener N-(p-cyanophenyl)-N'-(diphenylmethyl)guanidinoacetic acid with high affinity (Kd = 5 nM), were examined by using radioligand competitive binding, photoaffinity labeling, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, computer-aided molecular modeling, and site-directed mutagenesis. Competitive ligand analogue binding data revealed important structural features and a pH sensitivity for ligand binding. Spectroscopy of the sweetener-mAb complex revealed ligand-induced fluorescence quenching and the presence of a charge-transfer band. Site-directed mutagenesis of L:96W abolished the ligand-induced fluorescence quenching and reduced Ab affinity. The apparent Kd increased from 5 nM to more than 200 nM after such modification. A theoretical model of the Fv region was generated with use of a knowledge-based algorithm, and this model was used to identify the locations of key residues in the complementarity determining regions. These experimental and theoretical studies support the prediction that the sweetener ligand coordinates with the following residues: L:34H contacts the cyanophenyl ring, L:27DR forms a salt bridge with the acetic acid moiety, L:96W forms a pi-pi interaction with the cyanophenyl ring, and H:95E contacts the positively charged aryl nitrogen. These studies are important to our understanding of Ab-ligand specificity and may also shed light on the important chemical motifs responsible for elevated levels of sweetness potency in organic compounds.
Campylobacter pylori Antibodies in Humans (1988)

Campylobacter pylori infection, which is highly associated with active gastritis, may be diagnosed by serologic assay. Acquisition of infection begins in adult life, and prevalence increases with age.
Neurocontrol: towards an industrial control methodology (1998)

Important Concepts of Classical Control Fundamental Approaches to Neurocontrol Neural Networks for Control Optimization Methods for Neural Control Plant Identification Controller Training Robust Neurocontrol Neurocontrol and Adaptivity Stability of Neurocontrollers Recipe for Your first Neurocontrol Application. Case studies: Introductory Remarks to Case Studies Elastomere Test Bench Control Drive Train Test Bench Control Lateral Control of Autonomous Vehicles Biological Waste Water Treatment Control Other Applications Conclusion: Application Potential of Neurocontrol.
More Biocompatible Electrochemical Sensors Using Nitric Oxide Release Polymers (1999)

The response characteristics and biocompatibility of potentiometric ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) and amperometric oxygen sensors prepared with various polymeric materials that spontaneously release nitric oxide (NO) are examined. Plasticized polymer films (polyurethane and poly(vinyl chloride)) formulated with three distinctly different types of diazeniumdiolate NO donors are shown to release NO for extended periods time of time (>48 h) while also exhibiting a dramatic decrease in platelet adhesion and activation both in vitro and in vivo. Potentiometric ISEs for pH and K+ prepared by doping these NO release polymeric materials with appropriate ionophores (tridodecylamine and valinomycin, respectively) display the same analytical response properties (slope and selectivity) as conventional electrodes without NO release capability. Similarly, it is shown that NO release polymer films can be utilized as outer gas permeable membranes for construction of Clark style amperometric oxygen sensors without altering the oxygen sensitivity and response times of such devices. It is concluded that the use of NO release polymers to fabricate catheter style electrochemical sensors may be the solution to lingering biocompatibility and concomitant performance problems encountered when trying to employ these sensors for continuous intravascular measurements of blood gases and electrolytes.