gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Four-wave mixing microscopy of nanostructures (2010)

The basics of four-wave mixing (FWM) and recent advances in FWM microscopy are reviewed with a particular emphasis on applications in the field of nanomaterials. The vast progress in nanostructure synthesis has triggered a need for advanced analytical tools suitable to interrogate nanostructures one at a time. The single-nanostructure sensitivity of optical microscopy has solidified the optical approach as a reliable technique for examining the electronic structure of materials at the nanoscale. By zooming in on the individual, optical microscopy has permitted detailed investigations of the linear optical response of nanomaterials such as semiconducting quantum dots and plasmon active nanometals. Besides studying the linear optical properties of nanostructures, optical microscopy has also been used to probe the nonlinear optical properties of nanoscale materials. FWM microscopy, a coherent third-order optical imaging technique, has shown great potential as a tool for investigating the nonlinear optical response of nanostructures. FWM microscopy not only permits the characterization of the nonlinear susceptibility of individual nanostructures, it also offers a route to explore the time-resolved dynamics of electronic and vibrational excitations on single structures. In addition, FWM produces strong signals from nanomaterials that are compatible with fast imaging applications, which holds promise for biological imaging studies based on nanoparticle labels that are not prone to photobleaching.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State Amperometric Sensor Based on a Sodium Ion Conductor for Detection of Total NOx in an Atmospheric Environment. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Conductive Carbon Nanofiber–Polymer Foam Structures (2005)

A novel foam structure of carbon nanofiber–polymer composite (see Figure) with improved electrical conductivity and percolation behavior is reported. This foam structure is very promising for use as an effective electromagnetic-interference shielding material owing to its light weight, electrical conduction, and easy processability.
[Biochemical failure after curative treatment for localized prostate cancer]. (2005)

Biochemical failure after curative treatment for localized prostate cancer is frequent. The diagnosis of biochemical failure is clear when PSA levels rise after radical prostatectomy, but may be more difficult after external beam radiation therapy. The main difficulty once biochemical failure is diagnosed is to distinguish between local and distant failure, given the low sensitivity of standard work-up exams. Metabolic imaging techniques currently under evaluation may in the future help us to localize the site of failures. There are several therapeutic options depending on the initial curative treatment, each with morbidity risks that should be considered in multidisciplinary decision-making.
P-021 Very Delayed Monocular Blindness Following Flow Diversion Treatment of Ophthalmic Artery Aneurysm (2016)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Flow diversion is widely used for the effective endovascular treatment of wide-necked intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms. Ophthalmic artery (OA) occlusion is a known consequence related to flow diversion; however, OA occlusion in this setting usually is without clinical sequela. All reported cases of monocular vision loss after flow diversion have occurred within days to weeks of treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> We describe a case of monocular blindness due to ophthalmic artery occlusion nearly 3 years after flow diversion treatment of tandem supraclinoid ICA aneurysms. The medical records and images were reviewed for this patient. <h3>Results</h3> This 51 year-old woman with history of hypertension was found to have two incidental right supraclinoid ICA aneurysms following headache workup. Cerebral angiography revealed a wide neck 5 mm saccular ophthalmic aneurysm and 3 mm bi-lobed posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysm. Treatment with flow diversion was performed. A 4 × 20mm Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) was deployed from the ICA terminus to the distal genu of the cavernous segment ICA without complication. She had been on dual antiplatelet therapy for 3 months followed by aspirin monotherapy. Six-month follow up angiography revealed obliteration of PCoA aneurysm, but with persistent filling of the ophthalmic aneurysm. Twenty months later, angiography again revealed persistent filling of the ophthalmic aneurysm. Both studies revealed patent right ophthalmic artery. She presented with acute onset of complete right vision loss 32 months after PED placement. MRI brain showed no acute stroke. Dilated eye exam revealed cherry red spot in macula with attenuated vessels, and retinal whitening, consistent with ophthalmic artery occlusion. Diagnostic cerebral angiography revealed occlusion of the right ophthalmic artery with patent ICA and well apposed PED without in-stent stenosis or thrombosis. The ophthalmic aneurysm was no longer filling. There were no middle meningeal collaterals to the ophthalmic artery. IA tPA was given locally near the ophthalmic artery origin with minimal improvement. She was compliant with her aspirin throughout. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Monocular vision loss remains a risk, even months to years following flow diversion of ICA aneurysms. Long term clinical follow-up is necessary to define the incidence of this complication. <h3>Disclosures</h3> <b>T. Higashimori:</b> None. <b>D. Sandhu:</b> None. <b>J. Kim:</b> None. <b>A. Grande:</b> None. <b>M. Ezzeddine:</b> None. <b>R. Tummala:</b> None. <b>B. Jagadeesan:</b> None.
A Mathematical Model for Rn Sampling by Activated C Adsorption (1990)

This paper describes a diffusion/adsorption model that has been developed for the transport of Rn in an activated carbon porous bed. It is useful in studying the carbon canister Rn sampling technique used for monitoring Rn levels in air. The model calculates the amount of Rn adsorbed by the canister for various situations. The predictions of the response of the canister to both constant, as well as a periodic varying concentration of Rn in the surroundings, compares very well with experimental data. Based on this model, it is possible to simulate on a computer the response of the canister for an arbitrarily varying surrounding Rn level. Such computer simulations are effective tools in the design of a more accurate carbon canister monitor.
Multiple Drug Overdose in a Kidney Transplant Patient (1994)

Development of depression in patients with organ transplants is accompanied by an increased incidence of suicide attempts. A 60-year-old man with chronic polycystic renal disease underwent a kidney transplant 2 years previously. Six months prior to admission, the patient had been medicated for depression. This course was complicated by noncompliance and worsening family problems. One morning, the patient was found unconscious, along with a suicide note and empty bottles of cyclosporine (CsA), imipramine (IP), meticorten, azathioprine, oxazepam, alprazolam, and fluoxetin, approximately 24 h after the presumed intake of these agents. Initial plasma IP level was 2260 ng/ml, whole blood total cyclosporine (T-CsA) concentration was 1,800 ng/ml and that of specific cyclosporine (Sp-CsA), 714 ng/ml. Urine toxic screening was positive also for benzodiazepines metabolites. IP and CsA blood levels were measured daily. Five days after overdose, the IP concentration was 232 ng/ml, that of T-CsA 401 ng/ml, and that of Sp-CsA 96 ng/ml. Compared to subjects on therapeutic doses, a significant prolongation of the half-life, t 1/2, was observed for both IP (t1/2, 43.4 h) and Sp-CsA (t1/2, 70.1 h). In the present case, prolonged elevated IP plasma levels were not associated with cardiovascular complications. On the 5th hospital day, after the patient had apparently recovered from the intoxication, he jumped from the 8th floor to his death.
Parvovirus B19 induces cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblasts: putative role in systemic sclerosis–associated fibrosis (2021)

B19V-induced senescence and production of SASP-like factors in normal dermal fibroblasts could represent a new pathogenic mechanism of non-productive B19V infection, which may have a role in the fibrotic process.
Experimental simulation of large‐scale bioreaetor environments using a Monte Carlo method (1991)

Abstract Cells grown in production‐scale stirred bioreactors experience fluctuating concentrations due to local variations in supply and consumption of oxygen and nutrients. A new method for studying the effects of fluctuations in local conditions on growth and productivity of cells was developed using a Monte Carlo approach to simulate circulation within a fermenter. A small fermenter was driven through cycles of aeration and feeding, with the time of each cycle controlled by a Monte Carlo method to give a log‐normal distribution. Experiments with Monte Carlo supply of air to batch and fed‐batch cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that the method gave reproducible results which were different from both periodic cycling and continuous supply. When substrate was provided to a fed‐batch culture of S. cerevisiae according to the Monte Carlo method, the yields of biomass were higher than experiments with continuous feeding or periodic feeding.
'The Overriding Demand for Energy Conservation in the Cement Industry' An Update (1981)

Incentives and constraints to upgrade the U. S. cement industry and its energy efficiency are discussed. Emphasis is given to those measures most accessible to the industry, such as increased use of blended cements and waste fuels.
Library-to-Library Synthesis of Highly Substituted α-Aminomethyl Tetrazoles via Ugi Reaction (2017)

α-Aminomethyl tetrazoles, recently made accessible by an Ugi multicomponent reaction (MCR), were shown to be excellent starting materials for a further Ugi MCR, yielding substituted N-methyl-2-(((1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl)amino)acetamides having four points of diversity in a library-to-library approach. The scope and limitations of the two-step sequence was explored by conducting more than 50 reactions. Irrespective of electron-rich and electron-deficient oxo-components and the nature of the isocyanide component, the reactions give excellent yields. Sterically less hindered α-aminomethyl tetrazoles give better yields of in further Ugi MCR. The target scaffold has four points of diversity and is finding applications to fill screening decks for high-throughput screening (HTS) in the European Lead Factory and in structure-based drug design.
Auditory Training Effects on the Listening Skills of Children With Auditory Processing Disorder (2015)

Broad speech-based auditory training led to improved auditory processing skills as reflected in speech-in-noise test performance and in better functional listening in real life. The observed correlation between improved functional listening with improved speech-in-noise perception in the trained group suggests that improved listening was a direct generalization of the auditory training.
Panel: The Future of NoCs: Challenges and Opportunities (2022)

Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and other scientific applications use multi-core systems to process data for disease and drug discovery, weather forecast, design automation, etc. However, multi-core systems are not always effective because not all applications are amenable to them, leading to the need for special-purpose architectures, e.g., accelerators. Also, large monolithic multi-core chips are more prone to manufacturing defects that dramatically reduce the wafer yield and increase the cost. The need for specialisation coupled with skyrocketing manufacturing costs led to the introduction of multi-chiplet systems. They integrate a set of heterogenous chiplets within a single package, where each chiplet is a smaller multi-core chip. In addition to on-chip communication within chiplets, now there is a need for an on-package communication infrastructure to facilitate data sharing among chiplets. Copper wire-based Network-on-Chip (NoC) and silicon interposer-based Network-on-Package (NoP) are the preferred infrastructures for on-chip and on-package communications. However, increasing core count within chiplets and diverse communication demands by different chiplets have exposed the limitations of NoC and NoP. Experts reported communication and not computation as the main bottleneck in emerging computing systems. This generated renewed interest in the exploration of NoC and NoP. The first goal of this panel is to discuss recent challenges in NoC and NoP with respect to performance, security and scalability. Then the panellists discuss exciting opportunities presented by the rise of new interconnect technologies, including 3D, optical and wireless; integration technologies, including, silicon interposer and multi-chip module; and computing paradigms, including in-memory, DNA and quantum. The final and most important goal is to engage panellists and attendees in a discussion about recent breakthroughs and innovations, and how the field could be moved forward.
Clock tree synthesis for heterogeneous 3-D integrated circuits (2017)

Heterogeneous integration of disparate device planes is a benefit of through-silicon-via based 3-D integrated circuits (ICs). Clock delivery for heterogeneous 3-D ICs requires novel circuit techniques and algorithms as compared to 2-D and even homogeneous 3-D ICs. Novel algorithms for topology generation (heterogeneous 3-D balanced bipartitioning) and for embedding of a clock tree in a heterogeneous 3-D stack (heterogeneous 3-D deferred merge and embedding) are described. The algorithms are applied to a two-tiered heterogeneous stack of dies with configurations using the 28 nm, 40 nm, and 65 nm technology nodes. The results are analyzed against existing process agnostic clock tree synthesis algorithms for 3-D ICs, showing a reduction of 7% in power consumption, 6% in delay, 4% in buffer count and 4% in wirelength.
228. Chemistry of the vitamin B12 group. Part VI. The isomeric 5 : 6-dimethylbenziminazole nucleotides produced by hydrolysis of vitamin B12 (1957)

R. Bonnett, J. G. Buchanan, A. W. Johnson and A. Todd, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 1168 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570001168
Non-Traumatic Prehospital Sudden Death in Young Patients: An Urban EMS Experience (1991)

Abstract Non-traumatic, sudden death in young patients has been described in several studies, but most of these studies have involved highly selected populations. This study examined consecutive cases of non-traumatic, prehospital, sudden death in young patients (age 2–35 years) in a six-year period in an urban EMS system. One-hundred-seven cases were identified; however, seven cases were excluded because of occult trauma or lack of documentation. Of the 100 cases studied, drug and/or toxin exposure was the most common etiology (32%), followed by cardiac (22%) and pulmonary (20%). This is the first study which describes all cases of non-traumatic, prehospital, sudden death in young patients presenting to an EMS system. Implications of these data for EMS personnel are discussed.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Rat Renin Gene by Regulatory Elements in Intron I (1999)

Renin catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the enzymatic cascade leading to the vasoactive peptide angiotensin II. Therefore, the activity of the renin-angiotensin system in a tissue is regulated significantly at the level of transcription of the renin gene. Besides transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region, the renin genes of human and rat contain regulatory elements also in intron I. Inclusion of intron I in reporter gene constructs with the renin promoter leads to a marked down-regulation of gene expression in nonrenin expressing 293 human embryonic kidney cells but has hardly any effect in renin-expressing L8 rat skeletal myoblasts. In combination with the cytomegalovirus immediate early gene promoter, the silencing occurs in both cell lines but is less pronounced in L8 cells. By partially deleting intron I in these constructs, we describe 5 negative (I-NRE) and 2 positive (I-PRE) regulatory elements responsible for these effects. Using gel-retardation and methylation-interference assays with 293-nuclear extracts, we detected a pseudo-palindromic protein-binding sequence between position +159 and +171 relative to the transcriptional start site. Binding of transcription factors to this sequence may be important for the tissue-specific silencing of the renin gene outside the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney.
Effectiveness of the dispersion of iron nanoparticles within micropores and mesopores of activated carbon for Rhodamine B removal in wastewater by the heterogeneous Fenton process (2019)

Abstract Iron-based nanoparticles were formed in the pores of a micro- and mesoporous activated carbon made from banana spike by the impregnation of iron sulfate at various ratios and further pyrolysis, in order to prepare three catalysts AC@Fe/1, AC@Fe/2, AC@Fe/3 having iron mass contents of 1.6%, 2.2% and 3.3%, respectively. The pore size distributions, transmission electron microscope observations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses have revealed that iron-based nanoparticles of 1–50 nm diameter, containing O and P, are located mainly in the supermicropores and mesopores of the activated carbon. Catalysts have been used to remove Rhodamine B in an aqueous solution by the heterogeneous Fenton process. AC@Fe/3 catalyst has allowed achieving 93% of solution discoloration compared to 87.4% for AC@Fe/2 and 78.5% for AC@Fe/1 after 180 min in batch reaction. The catalytic efficiency of AC@Fe/3 is attributed to the highest dispersion of the iron-based nanoparticles in the activated carbon porosity. The effects of hydrogen peroxide and initial dye concentration, pH, catalyst amount and temperature on the Rhodamine B removal kinetics catalyzed by AC@Fe/3 were studied. This catalyst showed remarkable performances of the Rhodamine B mineralization and possibility of recycling.
Optical Wavefront Detection: A Beginner Tutorial (2021)

Abstract This article is designed to help readers understand some typical wavefront detection techniques and gain a preliminary understanding of wavefront detection. In this tutorial, the wavefront definition used in wavefront technology is given and we divide wavefront detection technologies into qualitative and quantitative categories. In each category, we discuss some typical systems and provide simulation results. This tutorial comes with Matlab simulation codes that readers can use to simulate mentioned wavefront detection technologies on their computers. We hope that this tutorial provides readers with all the tools needed to understand and simulate the different wavefront technologies and modify them based on their needs and interest.
Evidence for κ‐ and μ‐Opioid Receptor Expression in C6 Glioma Cells (1998)

The astrocytoma cell line rat C6 glioma has been used as a model system to study the mechanism of various opioid actions. Nevertheless, the type of opioid receptor(s) involved has not been established. Here we demonstrate the presence of high-affinity U69,593, endomorphin-1, morphine, and beta-endorphin binding in desipramine (DMI)-treated C6 cell membranes by performing homologous and heterologous binding assays with [3H]U69,593, [3H]morphine, or 125I-beta-endorphin. Naive C6 cell membranes displayed U69,593 but neither endomorphin-1, morphine, nor beta-endorphin binding. Cross-linking of 125I-beta-endorphin to C6 membranes gave labeled bands characteristic of opioid receptors. Moreover, RT-PCR analysis of opioid receptor expression in control and DMI-treated C6 cells indicate that both kappa- and mu-opioid receptors are expressed. There does not appear to be a significant difference in the level of mu nor kappa receptor expression in naive versus C6 cells treated with DMI over a 20-h period. Collectively, the data indicate that kappa- and mu-opioid receptors are present in C6 glioma cells.
Secretion of an Endogenous Subtilisin by Pichia pastoris Strains GS115 and KM71 (2010)

The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is widely used for the expression of heterologous enzymes. While the purity of the desired expression product is of major importance for many applications, we found that recombinant enzymes produced in methanol medium were contaminated by a 37-kDa endogenous yeast protease. This enzyme was completely inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) but not by 1,10-phenanthroline, EDTA, and pepstatin A, suggesting the nature of a serine protease. Its secretion was abolished in P. pastoris strains GS115 and KM71 by specific mutagenesis of a subtilisin gene (SUB2) but not by inactivation of the gene encoding vacuolar proteinase B (PRB). Bioinformatic comparisons of Sub2 protein with subtilisins from other fungal genomes and phylogenetic analyses indicated that this enzyme is not an orthologue of the vacuolar protease cerevisin generally present in yeasts but is more closely related to another putative subtilisin found in a small number of yeast genomes. During growth of P. pastoris, Sub2 was produced as a secreted enzyme at a concentration of 10 microg/ml of culture supernatant after overexpression of the full-length SUB2 gene. During fermentative production of recombinant enzymes in methanol medium, 1 ml of P. pastoris culture supernatant was found to contain approximately 3 ng of Sub2, while the enzyme was not detected during growth in a medium containing glycerol as a carbon source. The mutant strain GS115-sub2 was subsequently used as a host for the production of recombinant proteases without endogenous subtilisin contamination.