gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two New Instruments to Calibrate the Visible Sky (2012)

Construction of the Facility Lidar for Astronomical Measurement of Extinction (FLAME) and the Astronomical Extinction SpectroPhotometer (AESoP) is nearing completion. FLAME is a 0.5m multi-wavelength backscatter lidar operating at the first three Nd:YAG harmonics and measuring with high precision and accuracy the Rayleigh backscatter from the middle stratosphere. AESoP is a 100mm diameter objective stellar spectroradiometer, the throughput of which is carefully calibrated to NIST radiometric standards. Together they form the core of the mobile instrument suite being amalgamated by the UNM Measurement Astrophysics group to characterize and calibrate atmospheric extinction at observatory sites. The first task of this instrument suite will be to help create a new set of standard stars radiometrically calibrated to NIST standards. Initially this will be done for bright stars across the wavelength range 350nm to 1050nm at 1nm spectral resolution with measurement accuracy better than 1% per spectral resolution element by calibration to NIST silicon detectors. The byproduct of these measurements is calibrated atmospheric transmission along the line of sight to the standard star.
Nitric Oxide-Reductase Homologue That Contains a Copper Atom and Has Cytochrome c-Oxidase Activity from an Aerobic Phototrophic Bacterium Roseobacter denitrificans (2002)

A cytochrome cb-type enzyme with cytochrome c-oxidase activity was purified from an aerobic phototrophic bacterium Roseobacter denitrificans. The enzyme was solubilized with sucrose monodecanoate from the membranes of R. denitrificans grown aerobically under light conditions, and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. Absorption spectra of the purified enzyme showed peaks at 410 nm and 530 nm in the oxidized state, and peaks at 420, 522, and 551 nm and a shoulder at around 560 nm in the reduced state. The enzyme is composed of two subunits with apparent molecular weights on SDS-PAGE of 37,000 and 18,000, the latter positive to heme staining. The protein contains heme c, heme b, and copper in a 1:2:1 stoichiometry. The spectral properties indicated that the heme c and one heme b are in low-spin states, while the other heme b is in a high-spin state. The base sequences of the genes and the deduced amino acid sequences are similar to those of known NorB and NorC subunits of nitric oxide reductases from other bacterial species. The enzyme is similar to nitric oxide reductase, but differs in that it contains copper. Virtually no nitric oxide reductase activity was detected in the purified enzyme.
Analysis of microstrip circular rings for MIC, MHMIC, and MMIC components (1992)

Abstract In this article the characterization of planar structures using the method of lines in cylindrical coordinates is presented. The capacitance of different segments of a miscrostrip circular ring is studied: special attention is given to edge stray capacitances. This method of calculation can find applications in the characterization of microstrip components in MIC, MHMIC, and MMIC with shapes easily fitted to cylindrical coordinates (e.g., circular ring, fan shape, etc.). © 1992 John Wiley &amp; Sons. Inc.
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Causes Excitation of Rat Hypoglossal Motoneurons In Vitro (1993)

A brainstem slice preparation and conventional intracellular recording techniques were used to study the effects of the neuropeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on adult rat hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs) in vitro. We found that TRH (0.1-10 microM) had two effects: 1) it caused depolarization of HMs and 2) decreased their input conductance. We tested the effects of TRH on HMs using a sinusoidal current injection paradigm to approximate the rhythmic activity of HMs in vivo. Waves of injected current that elicited only subthreshold behavior in control conditions caused repetitive firing in the presence of TRH. Compensating for the TRH-induced depolarization by hyperpolarizing direct current injection revealed the consequences of decreased input conductance in isolation. Under these conditions, the spike-firing of HMs at the peak of the sinusoid was still enhanced. In addition, the maximal hyperpolarization at the nadir of the current wave was also increased. This suggests that in the presence of TRH, the effects of both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs on HMs are enhanced and the contrast between excitation and inhibition is sharpened.
Automatic acoustic siren detection in traffic noise by part-based models (2013)

State-of-the-art classifiers like hidden Markov models (HMMs) in combination with mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) are flexible in time but rigid in the spectral dimension. In contrast, part-based models (PBMs) originally proposed in computer vision consist of parts in a fully deformable configuration. The present contribution proposes to employ PBMs in the spectro-temporal domain for detection of emergency siren sounds in traffic noise,standard generative training resulting in a classifier that is robust to shifts in frequency induced, e.g., by Doppler-shift effects. Two improvements over standard machine learning techniques for PBM estimation are proposed: (i) Spectro-temporal part (“appearance”) extraction is initialized by interest point detection instead of random initialization and (ii) a discriminative training approach in addition to standard generative training is implemented. Evaluation with self-recorded police sirens and traffic noise gathered on-line demonstrates that PBMs are successful in acoustic siren detection. One hand-labeled and two machine learned PBMs are compared to standard HMMs employing mel-spectrograms and MFCCs in clean and multi condition (multiple SNR) training settings. Results show that in clean condition training, hand-labeled PBMs and HMMs outperform machine-learned PBMs already for test data with moderate additive noise. In multi condition training, the machine learned PBMs outperform HMMs on most SNRs, achieving high accuracies and being nearly optimal up to 5 dB SNR. Thus, our simulation results show that PBMs are a promising approach for acoustic event detection (AED).
General method of dehydrogenation using the alkyllithium-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine complex (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneral method of dehydrogenation using the alkyllithium-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine complexR. G. Harvey, L. Nazareno, and H. ChoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 7, 2376–2378Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00788a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00788a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
fac-(2-Amidoethyl-κ2C1,O)trichlorido(urea-κO)tin(IV) (2011)

The Sn atom in the title compound, [Sn(C(3)H(6)NO)Cl(3)(CH(4)N(2)O)], is octa-hedrally coordinated within a CCl(3)NO donor set provided by a chelating amido-ethyl ligand (C and O), a urea-O atom and three facially arranged Cl atoms. Systematic variations in the Sn-Cl bond distances are correlated with the relative trans influence exerted by the C and carbonyl-O atoms. The three-dimensional crystal packing is stabilized by N-H⋯O and N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds.
Broadband optical properties of large-area monolayer CVD molybdenum disulfide (2014)

Recently emerging large-area single-layer ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ grown by chemical vapor deposition has triggered great interest due to its exciting potential for applications in advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices. Unlike gapless graphene, ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ has an intrinsic band gap in the visible which crosses over from an indirect to a direct gap when reduced to a single atomic layer. In this paper, we report a comprehensive study of fundamental optical properties of ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ revealed by optical spectroscopy of Raman, photoluminescence, and vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopic ellipsometry. A band gap of 1.42 eV is determined by the absorption threshold of bulk ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ that shifts to 1.83 eV in monolayer ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$. We extracted the high precision dielectric function up to 9.0 eV, which leads to the identification of many unique interband transitions at high symmetry points in the ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ momentum space. The positions of the so-called A and B excitons in single layers are found to shift upwards in energy compared with those of the bulk form and have smaller separation because of the decreased interactions between the layers. A very strong optical critical point predicted to correspond to a quasiparticle gap is observed at 2.86 eV, which is attributed to optical transitions along the parallel bands between the $M$ and $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ points in the reduced Brillouin zone. The absence of the bulk ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ spin-orbit interaction peak at \ensuremath{\sim}3.0 eV in monolayer ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ is, as predicted, the consequence of the coalescence of nearby excitons. A higher energy optical transition at 3.98 eV, commonly occurring in bulk semiconductors, is associated with a combination of several critical points. Additionally, extending into the vacuum ultraviolet energy spectrum are a series of newly observed oscillations representing optical transitions from valence bands to higher conduction bands of the monolayer ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ complex band structure. These optical transitions herein reported enhance our understanding of monolayer ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ as well as of two-dimensional systems in general and thus provide informative guidelines for ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ optical device designs and theoretical considerations.
Effect of Oxygen on the Reaction of Secondary Amines with Nitric Oxide. (1999)

Secondary amines were allowed to react with nitric oxide in the presence of oxygen to afford N-nitrosamines in good yields. Detailed investigation revealed that the reaction proceeded by two pathways; the one involves the catalytic behavior of oxygen, and the other consumes a stoichiometrical amount of oxygen. Both pathways afforded the same nitroso adducts.
Robust Toppling for Vacuum Suction Grasping (2019)

When robust vacuum suction grasps are not accessible, toppling can change an object's 3D pose to provide access to suction grasps. We extend prior toppling models by characterizing the toppling reliability for a 3D object specified by a triangular mesh, using Monte-Carlo sampling to model uncertainty in pose, friction coefficients, and push direction. The model estimates the resulting distribution of object poses following a topple action. We generate a dataset of toppling analysis for 1,257,000 candidate points on the surface of 189 3D meshes and perform 700 physical toppling experiments using an ABB YuMi. We find that the model outperforms a Max-Height baseline model by a percent difference of 21.3% when comparing the total variation distance between each model's predicted probability distribution against the empirical distribution. We use the proposed model as the state transition function in a Markov Decision Process (MDP) to plan optimal sequences of toppling actions to expose access to robust suction grasps. Data from 20,000 simulated rollouts suggest the proposed Value Iteration Policy can increase suction grasp reliability by 33.6%, computed using grasp analysis from Dexterity Network (Dex-Net) 3.0. Code, datasets, and videos can be found at https://sites.google.com/view/toppling.
Characteristics of extremely fast pump-down process in an aluminum ultrahigh vacuum system (1994)

Characteristics of an extremely fast pump-down process were studied in an aluminum ultrahigh vacuum system, using super-dry nitrogen. The system is constituted of a roughing pump line, a main pump line, a venting gas line and a main chamber with vacuum gauges. The venting gas line has two types of water traps in series. Experiments were done after achieving 10−11 Torr range following a bake. Experimental results were the following: (1) using only the moisture trap in venting (case A), the pressure reached, from 760 Torr, was 1×10−5 Torr in 0.7 min, 1×10−8 Torr in 4.2 min, 1×10−10 Torr in 1000 min; the pressure was proportional to exp(−St/V) down to the 10−5 Torr range; here, V, S, and t are the chamber volume, the pumping speed, and the pumping time, respectively; (2) using both the moisture trap and the ‘‘MonoTorr’’ in venting (case B), the pressure reached from 760 Torr was 1×10−5 Torr in 0.7 min, 1×10−8 Torr in only 2.5 min, 1×10−10 Torr in only 170 min; the pressure was proportional to exp (−St/V) to the 10−5 Torr range. The difference of results between (1) and (2) is mainly due to the difference of the amount of water and hydrogen content in vent-gas; the moisture trap can reduce the H2O content of vent-gas to 200 ppb after 2 h of operation, on the other hand, the MonoTorr can reduce other contents (H2O, H2, CO, CO2, etc.) of vent-gas, except N2, to a few ppb after 2 h of operation.
1.21 µm Continuous-Wave Operation of Highly Strained GaInAs Quantum Well Lasers on GaAs Substrates (1999)

Highly strained GaInAs quantum well lasers emitting at 1.21 µm are fabricated on GaAs substrates. Room-temperature continuous-wave operation with a low threshold current density of 360 A/cm 2 is achieved. 1.3 µm GaInNAs/GaAs lasers can be fabricated at a low nitrogen content of 0.5%.
Markov random field for tumor detection in digital mammography (1995)

A technique is proposed for the detection of tumors in digital mammography. Detection is performed in two steps: segmentation and classification. In segmentation, regions of interest are first extracted from the images by adaptive thresholding. A further reliable segmentation is achieved by a modified Markov random field (MRF) model-based method. In classification, the MRF segmented regions are classified into suspicious and normal by a fuzzy binary decision tree based on a series of radiographic, density-related features. A set of normal (50) and abnormal (45) screen/film mammograms were tested. The latter contained 48 biopsy proven, malignant masses of various types and subtlety. The detection accuracy of the algorithm was evaluated by means of a free response receiver operating characteristic curve which shows the relationship between the detection of true positive masses and the number of false positive alarms per image. The results indicated that a 90% sensitivity can be achieved in the detection of different types of masses at the expense of two falsely detected signals per image. The algorithm was notably successful in the detection of minimal cancers manifested by masses </=10 mm in size. For the 16 such cases in the authors' dataset, a 94% sensitivity was observed with 1.5 false alarms per image. An extensive study of the effects of the algorithm's parameters on its sensitivity and specificity was also performed in order to optimize the method for a clinical, observer performance study.
FDA Safety Warning on the Cardiac Effects of Lamotrigine: An Advisory From the Ad Hoc ILAE/AES Task Force (2021)

International audience
Incorporating AP selection and call admission control for seamless handoff procedure (2008)

A complete handoff procedure of a mobile node in wireless network includes access point (AP) selection, call admission control (CAC), and IP address allocation. Most current handoff schemes only deal with the Layer-3 address allocation, that is, the IP address re-allocation. Without the integration with AP selection and CAC, the mobile node (MN) may be disconnected before a new IP address is allocated, which makes seamless handoff impracticable. In this paper, an integrated system is proposed. Firstly, AP selection is accomplished by choosing the AP with the smallest number of users associated with. We gather the information of active users on each AP through the modified beacon frames. Then, both call admission and a new IP address pre-fetch are operated through the DHCP relay simultaneously. Particularly, Fairness-enhanced limited fractional guard channel policy (FLFGCP) for CAC scheme and two additional thresholds, dropping probability threshold (DPT) and blocking probability threshold (BPT), are explicitly defined. Both DPT and BPT are applied to balance the dropping probability of handoff calls and blocking probability of new calls respectively. An OMNET++ simulation which demonstrates the applicability of cooperating the AP selection and call admission control for seamless handoff is included.
On discussion of mixed mode noise in H-bridge converters (2015)

This paper presents the analysis of mixed mode noise in an H-bridge PWM converter. Based on the definition of differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) noise voltage source and noise current and the time domain voltage and current relationship, noise prediction models are proposed in frequency domain for CM, DM and mixed mode (MM) noise with the consideration of system symmetry regarding the noise propagation path impedance. The model indicates that the mixed mode noise is the cross-coupling between CM/DM noise source and DM/CM noise current due to circuit asymmetry. With the noise source calculated using double Fourier integral transformation method and circuit impedance measured from real circuits or calculated from detailed switching models in frequency domain, the mixed mode noise can be predicted based on the proposed models. This paper also presents the impact of circuit asymmetry on EMI filter performance which indicates that the circuit asymmetry also cause the cross-coupling between CM and DM filters that increase the complexity of EMI filter design. The proposed models and analyzing results are verified through both simulation and experiments on a 1kW H-bridge single-phase PWM converter.
Metal–Ligand Cooperation (2015)

Metal-ligand cooperation (MLC) has become an important concept in catalysis by transition metal complexes both in synthetic and biological systems. MLC implies that both the metal and the ligand are directly involved in bond activation processes, by contrast to "classical" transition metal catalysis where the ligand (e.g. phosphine) acts as a spectator, while all key transformations occur at the metal center. In this Review, we will discuss examples of MLC in which 1) both the metal and the ligand are chemically modified during bond activation and 2) bond activation results in immediate changes in the 1st coordination sphere involving the cooperating ligand, even if the reactive center at the ligand is not directly bound to the metal (e.g. via tautomerization). The role of MLC in enabling effective catalysis as well as in catalyst deactivation reactions will be discussed.
[Screening for lung cancer in 2006: is there a validated test?]. (2006)

Lung cancer is by far the most common cause of death from any tumor. This is partly due to the late stage of most bronchial carcinoma at the time of diagnosis. Curative treatment by surgery is possible only for localized disease. Hope to decrease mortality by screening techniques such as radiography and/or sputum cytology led to several large trials in the eighties. None of these studies were able to show a meaningful decrease in mortality. Improvement in medical imaging lead to a new hope that low-dose CT scan may be an efficient screening tool for lung cancer. This article reviews the data currently available. So far no screening technique has been able to demonstrate an impact on lung cancer mortality despite the higher sensitivity to detect smaller lung tumors. Therefore, in 2006, screening for lung cancer can not be recommended.
Inactivation of simian rotavirus SA11 by chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and monochloramine (1984)

The kinetics of inactivation of simian rotavirus SA11 by chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and monochloramine were studied at 5 degrees C with a purified preparation of single virions and a preparation of cell-associated virions. Inactivation of the virus preparations with chlorine and chlorine dioxide was studied at pH 6 and 10. The monochloramine studies were done at pH 8. With 0.5 mg of chlorine per liter at pH 6, more than 4 logs (99.99%) of the single virions were inactivated in less than 15 s. Both virus preparations were inactivated more rapidly at pH 6 than at pH 10. With chlorine dioxide, however, the opposite was true. Both virus preparations were inactivated more rapidly at pH 10 than at pH 6. With 0.5 mg of chlorine dioxide per liter at pH 10, more than 4 logs of the single-virus preparation were inactivated in less than 15 s. The cell-associated virus was more resistant to inactivation by the three disinfectants than was the preparation of single virions. Chlorine and chlorine dioxide, each at a concentration of 0.5 mg/liter and at pH 6 and 10, respectively, inactivated 99% of both virus preparations within 4 min. Monochloramine at a concentration of 10 mg/liter and at pH 8 required more than 6 h for the same amount of inactivation.