gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Waveguide FEL Seeded in the 1–3 THz Range for Microbunching Experiment at the Neptune Laboratory (2006)

IFEL and FEL techniques can be used to modulate an electron beam on the scale of the radiation wavelength. However, the lack of a high power radiation source in the 100–300 μm range hinders the progress on THz IFEL microbunching. In this paper, we discuss microbunching of an electron beam using a single‐pass FEL seeded with a low power THz pulse generated by frequency mixing of CO2 laser lines in a GaAs nonlinear crystal. A narrowband THz seed source is pumped by a dual beam TEA CO2 laser and can be tuned in the 1–3 THz range. The THz radiation is guided through a hollow waveguide inside the planar FEL undulator driven by a photoinjector. By using a time‐dependent FEL code GENESIS 1.3, we optimized the undulator parameters and analyzed the dynamics of the modulated electron beam. By using a ∼ 8 MeV electron beam with a peak current of 40 A and a ∼1kW THz seed with wavelength 200 μm, the energy modulation up to 1.3% can be achieved in a ∼1.8‐m long undulator with a constant period of 2.7 cm. At present, the THz seed source is built and fully characterized. The results of transmission measurements for THz waveguides are also discussed.
Effect of daily vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation on fracture incidence in elderly with an elevated plasma homocysteine level: B-PROOF, a randomized controlled trial (2014)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
Hypolipidemic activity of HOE-402 is mediated by stimulation of the LDL receptor pathway. (1993)

HOE-402 (4-amino-2-[4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl]-pyrimidine-5-N- [trifluoromethylphenyl]-carboxamide-monohydrochloride) has been shown to exhibit hypolipidemic action in heterozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. In all animals, elevated cholesterol levels were reduced to normal (from 3.0 to 1.5 mmol/L) after 3 weeks of HOE-402 treatment. This was due entirely to reduction of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and was paralleled by accelerated removal of plasma 125I-LDL. This reduction of LDL levels was not found in homozygous LDL receptor-defective animals, emphasizing the necessity of a functional LDL receptor system for the hypolipidemic action. The effect of HOE-402 on LDL receptor activity in the cultured hepatoma cell line HepG2 was also determined. When cells were incubated with plasma from treated animals (containing cholesterol 1.5 mmol/L and HOE-402 80 ng/mL), high-affinity cell-surface binding sites for LDL were induced more than threefold, as shown by Scatchard analysis of cell-surface binding data. Induction of the LDL receptor was detectable after 6 hours and was 300% after 18 hours. This induction was specific for LDL, as 125I-transferrin and [59Fe]transferrin were internalized normally in HOE-402-treated cells. The increase of LDL receptor protein was related to induced LDL receptor mRNA levels (400%), as shown by quantification of Northern blotting experiments. These findings suggest that HOE-402 mediated its hypolipidemic action mainly via the LDL receptor pathway. It enhanced mRNA levels for LDL receptor, hence increasing its synthesis, which subsequently resulted in reduced plasma LDL levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Heritability Challenge to Evolution and Materialism: An Opening for Religious Perspectives (2018)

There are under-appreciated, serious behavioral challenges to science’s understanding of life and its evolution. The general challenge to that understanding, though, has unfolded in the form of pervasive failures in the search for the DNA origins of many heritable characteristics. Science has placed enormous faith in the presumed workings of DNA, including of course as a foundation for evolution. The stunning inability to identify the DNA bases for many heritable characteristics amongst humans—sometimes termed the missing heritability problem—is a big challenge to the largely unquestioned, biological vision. This situation is discussed herein along with its possible implications for religious perspectives.
Imide Condensation as a Strategy for the Synthesis of Core Diversified G-Quadruplex Ligands with Anti-Cancer and Anti-Parasitic Activity (2020)

&lt;p&gt;A facile imide coupling strategy for the one-step preparation of G‑quadruplex ligands with varied core chemistries is described. The G‑quadruplex stabilization, anticancer and antiparasitic activity of a library of nine compounds was examined, identifying a nanomolar inhibitor of &lt;i&gt;T. brucei&lt;/i&gt; with 78‑fold selectivity over MRC5 cells, and strong stabilization of G‑quadruplex nucleic acids. &lt;/p&gt;
Functional Roles of the IgM Fc Receptor in the Immune System (2019)

It is now evident from studies of mice unable to secrete IgM that both non-immune "natural" and antigen-induced "immune" IgM are important for protection against pathogens and for regulation of immune responses to self-antigens. Since identification of its Fc receptor (FcμR) by a functional cloning strategy in 2009, the roles of FcμR in these IgM effector functions have begun to be explored. Unlike Fc receptors for switched Ig isotypes (e.g., FcγRs, FcεRs, FcαR, Fcα/μR, pIgR, FcRn), FcμR is selectively expressed by lymphocytes: B, T, and NK cells in humans and only B cells in mice. FcμR may have dual signaling ability: one through a potential as yet unidentified adaptor protein non-covalently associating with the FcμR ligand-binding chain via a His in transmembrane segment and the other through its own Tyr and Ser residues in the cytoplasmic tail. FcμR binds pentameric and hexameric IgM with a high avidity of ~10 nM in solution, but more efficiently binds IgM when it is attached to a membrane component via its Fab region on the same cell surface (<i>cis</i> engagement). Four different laboratories have generated <i>Fcmr-</i>ablated mice and eight different groups of investigators have examined the resultant phenotypes. There have been some clear discrepancies reported that appear to be due to factors including differences in the exons of <i>Fcmr</i> that were targeted to generate the knockouts. One common feature among these different mutant mice, however, is their propensity to produce autoantibodies of both IgM and IgG isotypes. In this review, we briefly describe recent findings concerning the functions of FcμR in both mice and humans and propose a model for how FcμR plays a regulatory role in B cell tolerance.
Coupling Microchip Electrospray Ionization Devices with High Pressure Mass Spectrometry (2017)

A microchip electrospray ionization source was coupled with high pressure mass spectrometry (HPMS). A continuous atmospheric inlet consisting of a stainless steel capillary and DC ion optics was designed to conduct ions into the mass spectrometer. Infusions of amino acids and peptides were performed and detected with a miniature cylindrical ion trap (mini-CIT)-based mass spectrometer operated at ≥1 Torr with air as the buffer gas. Detection of glycine and thymopentin (separately) demonstrated the mass range of the mini-CIT detector could span from m/z 75 to 681. A microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation with mini-CIT detection was performed, and the results were compared with detection using a commercial instrument (Waters Synapt G2). Comparable separation efficiencies were observed with both mass spectrometers as detectors, with about 6 times better signal-to-noise observed on the Synapt G2. Comparison of mass spectra in the two systems reveals similar features observed, but with wider peak widths in the mini-CIT than on the Synapt G2 as expected due to high-pressure operation.
A Social Network Analysis of a Massively Multi-player On-Line Role Playing Game (2015)

An instance of a massively on-line role playing game called The Mana World is analyzed for its social networks. The gathered data is the result of the first phase of the ModelMMORPG project in which players played a specially designed quest during a controlled experiment. Observations based on the monitored virtual community behaviour and individual elements of interaction are visualised herein and analysed using social network analysis. Insight into the dynamics of the studied virtual society is given along with observations regarding structure of groups and individuals alike.
Amino acid-based squaramides for anion recognition (2014)

Eight receptors 1–8 comprising an l-lysine scaffold modified at N- and C-termini with aliphatic alkyl chains and N,N′-alkyl amides, respectively, and bearing squaramide moieties on the amino acid side chain were synthesised by a combination of solid- and solution-phase chemistries and shown to complex various anions in 0.5% H2O in dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 solution. All of the receptors were found to bind Cl− , AcO− and BzO− via hydrogen-bond or acid–base interactions with the squaramide protons; however, 1 was found to bind to via hydrogen bonds formed between the anion and both the squaramide and amide NH moieties. Moreover, modification of both the N- and C-termini of the amino acids with different alkyl substituents had a negligible effect on their anion-binding properties while simultaneously conferring lipophilicities in a range that is optimal for molecules to behave as ‘drug-like’ systems as defined by Lipinski's rule of five. The results of this study demonstrate the versatility of such amino acid receptors as building blocks in the field of anion recognition.
Bit and power loading procedures for OFDM systems with bit-interleaved coded modulation (2003)

We present adaptive power and bit loading schemes for a bit-interleaved coded OFDM system with perfect channel state information and square quadrature amplitude modulation constellations. In order to minimize the bit error rates at the output of the Viterbi decoder subject to bit rate and power constraints, an analytical expression for the bit error rate of a hard-decision device has to minimized with respect to the number of bits and the power assigned to the subcarrier channel. The prohibitive complexity of the optimum solution can be circumvented by a simple suboptimum two-step procedure where the bit and power loading parts are decoupled. It is shown by Monte Carlo simulations that for broadband systems with Rayleigh fading the loading procedures provides a SNR gain of up to 6 dB for an average bit error rate level of 10/sup -6/.
Glutamatergic Function in the Resting Awake Human Brain is Supported by Uniformly High Oxidative Energy (2013)

Rodent (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies show that glutamatergic signaling requires high oxidative energy in the awake resting state and allowed calibration of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal in terms of energy relative to the resting energy. Here, we derived energy used for glutamatergic signaling in the awake resting human. We analyzed human data of electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET) maps of oxygen (CMR(O2)) and glucose (CMR(glc)) utilization, and calibrated fMRI from a variety of experimental conditions. CMR(glc) and EEG in the visual cortex were tightly coupled over several conditions, showing that the oxidative demand for signaling was four times greater than the demand for nonsignaling events in the awake state. Variations of CMR(O2) and CMR(glc) from gray-matter regions and networks were within ±10% of means, suggesting that most areas required similar energy for ubiquitously high resting activity. Human calibrated fMRI results suggest that changes of fMRI signal in cognitive studies contribute at most ±10% CMR(O2) changes from rest. The PET data of sleep, vegetative state, and anesthesia show metabolic reductions from rest, uniformly >20% across, indicating no region is selectively reduced when consciousness is lost. Future clinical investigations will benefit from using quantitative metabolic measures.
Constant-gm constant-slew-rate high-bandwidth low-voltage rail-to-rail cmos input stage for vlsi cell libraries (2003)

This paper introduces a general-purpose low-voltage rail-to-rail input stage suitable for analog and mixed-signal applications. The proposed circuit provides, simultaneously, constant small-signal and large-signal behaviors over the entire input common-mode voltage range, while imposing no appreciable constraint for high-frequency operation. In addition, the accuracy of the circuit does not rely on any strict matching of the devices, unlike most of the traditional approaches based on complementary input pairs, which need to compensate for the difference in mobility between electrons and holes with the transistor aspect ratios. Also, the technique is compatible with deep submicrometer CMOS devices, where the familiar voltage-to-current square law in saturation is not completely satisfied. Based on the proposed input stage, a transconductor with rail-to-rail input common-mode range and an input/output rail-to-rail operational amplifier were developed. Both cells were designed to operate with a 3-V single supply and fabricated in standard 0.8-μm CMOS technology. Experimental results are provided.
Efficacy of Bovine Milk Immunoglobulin Concentrate in Preventing Illness after Shigella Flexneri Challenge (1992)

The protective efficacy of oral bovine immunoglobulin concentrates derived from colostrum against challenge with Shigella flexneri was studied in healthy adult volunteers in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Volunteers were given a product consisting of hyperimmune immunoglobulin concentrate with a high titer of anti-S. flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with sodium bicarbonate or a control preparation with sodium bicarbonate three times a day for seven days. On the third day of treatment, volunteers received a challenge of 10(3) colony-forming units of S. flexneri 2a strain 2457T. None of the volunteers who received the high-titered hyperimmune product became ill, compared with 45% of volunteers who received the placebo (P less than 0.05). The duration of shedding of the challenge organism was decreased, and the active immune responses to S. flexneri LPS were less frequent and of lower magnitude in volunteers given the immunoglobulin concentrate than in those in the control group. High-titered, orally administered bovine immunoglobulin concentrate protects against shigellosis and may be useful in preventing shigellosis among travelers, military personnel, and individuals at risk during a Shigella outbreak.
A Numerical Study of Squeeze Film Dampers (2013)

Squeeze film dampers (SFDs) are used in the high speed turbomachinery industry as a means to reduce vibration amplitude, provide damping, and improve dynamic stability of the rotor bearing system. Past numerical studies analyzing SFDs, have been computationally expensive and time consuming. The present study investigates the feasibility of applying a steady state solver to obtain computational efficiency while ensuring that the parameters of interest are captured. This is done via the application of the Moving Reference Frame (MRF) solver in ANSYS® Fluent. A steady state solver in an absolute frame of reference was used to produce whirling motion of the rotor. The results are validated by comparison to the experimental data of Delgado [1]. The numerical model shows good agreement with these results.
A topical naltrexone formulation for surgical wound healing: A case report (2020)

This case study demonstrated the effectiveness of the topical naltrexone formulation in surgical wound management.
Synthesis and Structural Chemistry of Non-Cyclopentadienyl Organolanthanide Complexes (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Structural Chemistry of Non-Cyclopentadienyl Organolanthanide ComplexesFrank T. Edelmann, Dominique M. M. Freckmann, and Herbert SchumannView Author Information Chemisches Institut der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany, and Institut für Chemie der TU Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 6, 1851–1896Publication Date (Web):June 12, 2002Publication History Received2 November 2001Published online12 June 2002Published inissue 1 June 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr010315chttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr010315cresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3627Altmetric-Citations450LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Anions,Lanthanides,Ligands,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Advances and trends in plastic forming technologies for welded tubes (2015)

With the implementation of environmental protection, sustainable development and conservation-oriented policies, components and parts of thin-walled welded tubes have gained increasing application in the aircraft and automotive industries because of their advantages: easily achieving forming and manufacturing process at low cost and in a short time. The current research on welded tube plastic forming is mainly concentrated on tube internal high-pressure forming, tube bending forming, and tube spinning forming. The focuses are on the material properties and characterization of welded tubes, finite element modeling for welded tube forming, and inhomogeneous deformation behavior and the mechanism and rules of deformation coordination in welded tube plastic forming. This paper summarizes the research progress in welded tube plastic forming from these aspects. Finally, with a focus on the urgent demand of the aviation, aerospace and automotive industries for high-strength and light-weight tubes, this paper discusses the development trends and challenges in the theory and technology of welded tube plastic forming in the future. Among them, laser tailor-welded technology will find application in the manufacture of high-strength steel tubes. Tube-end forming technology, such as tube flaring and flanging technology, will expand its application in welded tubes. Therefore, future studies will focus on the FE modeling regarding how to consider effects of welding on residual stresses, welding distortions and microstructure, the inhomogeneous deformation and coordination mechanism of the plastic forming process of tailor-welded tubes, and some end-forming processes of welded tubes, and more comprehensive research on the forming mechanism and limit of welded tubes.
Participatory networking (2013)

We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of an API for applications to control a software-defined network (SDN). Our API is implemented by an OpenFlow controller that delegates read and write authority from the network's administrators to end users, or applications and devices acting on their behalf. Users can then work with the network, rather than around it, to achieve better performance, security, or predictable behavior. Our API serves well as the next layer atop current SDN stacks. Our design addresses the two key challenges: how to safely decompose control and visibility of the network, and how to resolve conflicts between untrusted users and across requests, while maintaining baseline levels of fairness and security. Using a real OpenFlow testbed, we demonstrate our API's feasibility through microbenchmarks, and its usefulness by experiments with four real applications modified to take advantage of it.
Insulin-like Growth Factor-I and Slow, Bi-directional Perfusion Enhance the Formation of Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Grafts (2008)

Biochemical and mechanical signals enabling cardiac regeneration can be elucidated using in vitro tissue-engineering models. We hypothesized that insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF) and slow, bi-directional perfusion could act independently and interactively to enhance the survival, differentiation, and contractile performance of tissue-engineered cardiac grafts. Heart cells were cultured on three-dimensional porous scaffolds in medium with or without supplemental IGF and in the presence or absence of slow, bi-directional perfusion that enhanced transport and provided shear stress. Structural, molecular, and electrophysiologic properties of the resulting grafts were quantified on culture day 8. IGF had independent, beneficial effects on apoptosis (p < 0.01), cellular viability (p < 0.01), contractile amplitude (p < 0.01), and excitation threshold (p < 0.01). Perfusion independently affected the four aforementioned parameters and also increased amounts of cardiac troponin-I (p < 0.01), connexin-43 (p < 0.05), and total protein (p < 0.01) in the grafts. Interactive effects of IGF and perfusion on apoptosis were also present (p < 0.01). Myofibrillogenesis and spontaneous contractility were present only in grafts cultured with perfusion, although contractility was inducible by electrical field stimulation of grafts from all groups. Our findings demonstrate that multi-factorial stimulation of tissue-engineered cardiac grafts using IGF and perfusion resulted in independent and interactive effects on heart cell survival, differentiation, and contractility.
Inhibitory Effect of Aroma on the Bitterness of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Solutions (2007)

Nutritional products for patients with liver failure available on the Japanese market contain many branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) such as L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine, which not only have a bitter taste but also strong, unpleasant odours, leading to low palatability. The palatability of these nutritional products can be significantly improved by the addition of flavoured powders containing various kinds of tastants (sucrose, citric acid, etc.) and odourants (fruit, coffee aromas, etc.). The specific effects of the aroma of flavoured powders have not yet been clearly evaluated. In the present article, the inhibitory effect of aroma on the bitterness of BCAA solutions was examined. The bitterness intensity of a BCAA solution at the same concentration as Aminoleban EN was defined as 3.5 (measured by a previously described gustatory sensation method). The bitterness threshold of a BCAA standard solution without added aroma was estimated to be 1.87, while those of BCAA solutions containing green-tea, coffee, apple, vanilla, or strawberry aromas were 2.02, 1.98, 2.35, 2.40 and 2.87, respectively, when evaluated by the probit method. This shows that the addition of an aroma can elevate the bitterness threshold in human volunteers. The green-tea and coffee aromas predominantly evoked bitterness, while the vanilla aroma predominantly evoked sweetness. Apple and strawberry aromas evoked both sweetness and sourness, with the apple aroma having stronger sourness and the strawberry aroma stronger sweetness. Thus, a 'sweet' aroma suppresses the bitterness of BCAA, with coexisting sourness also participating in the bitterness inhibition.