gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESES OF ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS WITH -NH-P-NH- AND -NH-P-O- BONDS BY INORGANIC MONOIMIDO-CYCLO-TRIPHOSPHATE (2005)

The phosphorylation of amino acids with monoimido-cyclo-triphosphate proceeded on only amino groups. The phosphorylation products of glycine,α-alanine, and valine were N-(carboxymethyl)diphosphoramidophosphoramidate, N-(1-carboxyethyl) diphosphoramidophosphoramidate, N-(1-carboxy-2-methylpropyl) diphosphoramidophosphoramidate with their yields of 32, 17, and 12%, respectively. On the other hand, in the phosphorylation of β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid, N-(2-carboxyethyl)diphosphoramidophosphoramidate and N-(2-carboxyethyl)phosphoramidodiphosphoramidate for β-alanine, and N-(3-carboxypropyl)diphosphoramidophosphoramidate and N-(3-carboxypropyl) phosphoramidodiphosphoramidate for γ-aminobutyric acid with their total yields of 57 and 64%, respectively were obtained.
Spontaneous Acute Subdural Hemorrhage with Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysm: A Series of Two Cases and Review of Literature (2016)

We present a rare series of two cases of spontaneous intracranial aneurysmal hemorrhage associated with acute subdural hematoma. One patient was having ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm and acute subdural hematoma with no evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage and the other patient presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage with bleeding in subdural, intraparenchymal, and intraventricular location with rupture of posterior communicating artery aneurysm. In this report, we are describing the pathophysiology and radiological features of subdural hematoma with aneurysm bleed.
Sodium-coupled glucose transport, the SLC5 family, and therapeutically relevant inhibitors: from molecular discovery to clinical application (2020)

Sodium glucose transporters (SGLTs) belong to the mammalian solute carrier family SLC5. This family includes 12 different members in human that mediate the transport of sugars, vitamins, amino acids, or smaller organic ions such as choline. The SLC5 family belongs to the sodium symporter family (SSS), which encompasses transporters from all kingdoms of life. It furthermore shares similarity to the structural fold of the APC (amino acid-polyamine-organocation) transporter family. Three decades after the first molecular identification of the intestinal Na<sup>+</sup>-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 by expression cloning, many new discoveries have evolved, from mechanistic analysis to molecular genetics, structural biology, drug discovery, and clinical applications. All of these advances have greatly influenced physiology and medicine. While SGLT1 is essential for fast absorption of glucose and galactose in the intestine, the expression of SGLT2 is largely confined to the early part of the kidney proximal tubules, where it reabsorbs the bulk part of filtered glucose. SGLT2 has been successfully exploited by the pharmaceutical industry to develop effective new drugs for the treatment of diabetic patients. These SGLT2 inhibitors, termed gliflozins, also exhibit favorable nephroprotective effects and likely also cardioprotective effects. In addition, given the recent finding that SGLT2 is also expressed in tumors of pancreas and prostate and in glioblastoma, this opens the door to potential new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment by specifically targeting SGLT2. Likewise, further discoveries related to the functional association of other SGLTs of the SLC5 family to human pathologies will open the door to potential new therapeutic strategies. We furthermore hope that the herein summarized information about the physiological roles of SGLTs and the therapeutic benefits of the gliflozins will be useful for our readers to better understand the molecular basis of the beneficial effects of these inhibitors, also in the context of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The detailed mechanisms underlying the clinical benefits of SGLT2 inhibition by gliflozins still warrant further investigation that may serve as a basis for future drug development.
Free enthalpy dependence of free-radical yield of photoinduced electron transfer in acetonitrile (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree enthalpy dependence of free-radical yield of photoinduced electron transfer in acetonitrileKoichi Kikuchi, Yasutake Takahashi, Masato Hoshi, Taeko Niwa, Tomoharu Katagiri, and Tsutomu MiyashiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 6, 2378–2381Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/j100159a048RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (492 KB) Get e-Alerts
Restenosis after Coronary Angioplasty (1996)

Since its inception by Andreas Gruentzig in 1977, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty has become a common therapeutic technique in the treatment of coronary artery disease. The pathogenesis of human restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is not well defined. Restenosis is a complex reparative process that involves several redundant and overlapping mechanisms. The sequence of events leading to restenosis after balloon angioplasty can be divided into three distinct phases: a) recoil, b) thrombosis, c) smooth muscle cell activation with synthesis of extracellular matrix. One or all processes can occur in the same individual. The underlying tissue substrate is an important determinant of the vessel's response to injury. Numerous growth factors originating from thrombus, the vessel wall and circulating cells contribute to the complex series of events involved in restenosis.
Compact electrochemical bifunctional NOx/O2 sensors with internal reference for high temperature applications (2023)

A bifunctional total NOx and O2 sensor assembly with an internal reference for high temperature sensing. Two electrochemical total NOx(NO+NO2) measuring systems and method were coupled with a metal/metal oxide internal oxygen reference to detect O2 and NOx simultaneously in a combustion environment using a single sensor. A Pd/PdO-containing reference chamber was sealed within a stabilized zirconia superstructure by a high pressure/temperature bonding method. An amperometric and potentiometric NOx sensor assembly was built on the outside of the Pd/PdO chamber. Pt-loaded zeolite Y was used to obtain total NOx capacity and also to cover the Pt electrodes for detecting oxygen in the presence of NOx.
On-Board Deep Q-Network for UAV-Assisted Online Power Transfer and Data Collection (2019)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with Microwave Power Transfer (MPT) capability provide a practical means to deploy a large number of wireless powered sensing devices into areas with no access to persistent power supplies. The UAV can charge the sensing devices remotely and harvest their data. A key challenge is online MPT and data collection in the presence of on-board control of a UAV (e.g., patrolling velocity) for preventing battery drainage and data queue overflow of the devices, while up-to-date knowledge on battery level and data queue of the devices is not available at the UAV. In this paper, an on-board deep Q-network is developed to minimize the overall data packet loss of the sensing devices, by optimally deciding the device to be charged and interrogated for data collection, and the instantaneous patrolling velocity of the UAV. Specifically, we formulate a Markov Decision Process (MDP) with the states of battery level and data queue length of devices, channel conditions, and waypoints given the trajectory of the UAV; and solve it optimally with Q-learning. Furthermore, we propose the on-board deep Q-network that enlarges the state space of the MDP, and a deep reinforcement learning based scheduling algorithm that asymptotically derives the optimal solution online, even when the UAV has only outdated knowledge on the MDP states. Numerical results demonstrate that our deep reinforcement learning algorithm reduces the packet loss by at least 69.2%, as compared to existing non-learning greedy algorithms.
Improving data-flow analysis with path profiles (1998)

Data-flow analysis computes its solutions over the paths in a control-flow graph. These paths---whether feasible or infeasible, heavily or rarely executed---contribute equally to a solution. However, programs execute only a small fraction of their potential paths and, moreover, programs' execution time and cost is concentrated in a far smaller subset of hot paths.This paper describes a new approach to analyzing and optimizing programs, which improves the precision of data flow analysis along hot paths. Our technique identifies and duplicates hot paths, creating a hot path graph in which these paths are isolated. After flow analysis, the graph is reduced to eliminate unnecessary duplicates of unprofitable paths. In experiments on SPEC95 benchmarks, path qualification identified 2--112 times more non-local constants (weighted dynamically) than the Wegman-Zadek conditional constant algorithm, which translated into 1--7% more dynamic instructions with constant results.
A comparison between radar and sonar synthetic aperture interferometry (1997)

The term interferometry is used to describe a set of techniques to derive three-dimensional image information from a target scene, making use of the phase differences between signals received at two (or more) sensors separated by a small distance. These techniques find applications in many domains, using radiofrequency, optical, or acoustic signals. The aim of the present paper is to provide a comparison of sonar and radiofrequency techniques, pointing out the similarities and differences between them, and perhaps suggesting some areas for cross-fertilization. (5 pages)
Motorcycle Emissions, Their Impact, and Possible Control Techniques (1974)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Seven motorcycles, ranging in size from 100 to 1200 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, were tested for emissions characterization purposes. They were operated on the federal seven-mode test procedure (for 1971 and older light-duty vehicles), the federal LA-4 test procedure (for 1972 and later LDVs), and under a variety of steady-state conditions. Four of the machines tested had 4-stroke engines, and the other three had 2-stroke engines.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Emissions which were measured included hydrocarbons, CO, CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, NO, NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, aldehydes, light hydrocarbons, particulates, and smoke. Emissions of SO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; were estimated on the basis of fuel consumed, and evaporative hydrocarbon losses were also estimated. Crankcase “blowby” emissions from one 4-stroke machine were measured.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The impact of motorcycles on national pollutant totals was estimated, based on the test results and information from a variety of sources on national population and usage of motorcycles. In addition, a brief overview of emission control technology which might be applicable to motorcycles is presented. This discussion indicates that control of hydrocarbon emissions from 2-stroke machines and CO emissions from large motorcycles of both 2-stroke and 4-stroke types are immediate priorities for meeting the tentative 1976 EPA motorcycle emission standards.&lt;/div&gt;
Reversible CO2 binding triggered by metal–ligand cooperation in a rhenium(i) PNP pincer-type complex and the reaction with dihydrogen (2014)

Metal–ligand cooperation in a rhenium PNP pincer complex gives rise to the reversible activation of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> and the efficient catalytic decomposition of formic acid under base-free conditions.
Principles and applications of metasurfaces with phase modulation (2017)

Metasurfaces, the equivalent two-dimensional (2D) metamaterials, are thin-film functional devices constructed by subwavelength structures. Abrupt phase changes can be obtained in the planar metasurface structures over the subwavelength scale, which provide a new avenue to enable a variety of applications, including large scale planar imaging, electromagnetic virtual shaping and holographic display with large field of view. The arbitrary modulation abilities of phase, amplitude and polarization at the subwavelength scale, also the light weight, low loss, integratable and conformable design make the metasurfaces very attractive, compared to the traditional optical devices. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of the phase modulation and classify the metasurfaces based on them. The properties and the applications of each type of metasurfaces are also detailedly discussed. The challenges faced by metasurfaces and the areas which need to be further extended are also summarized.
Effects of Increased Tooth Clearance on the Performance of a Labyrinth Seal With Oil-Rich Bubbly Laminar Flow (2021)

Abstract In recent years, multiphase pumps have become more and more popular because of the capability to simplify the process, reduce the footprint, and lower the cost. To compensate for the axial thrust force, an annular seal is normally used as a balance piston seal, and the labyrinth seal is one of the choices. A typical labyrinth seal consists of a surface with teeth and a smooth surface. The teeth are either on the rotor or the stator. To protect the machine, one side (either the teeth or the smooth surface) is made of a material that can be safely sacrificed during a rub. After the rub, the teeth clearance is increased. This paper studies the impact of the increased teeth clearance on the performance of the labyrinth seal under oil-rich bubbly flow conditions. The test fluid is a mixture of silicone oil (PSF-5cSt) and air with inlet gas volume fraction (GVF) up to 9%. Tests are conducted with pressure drop (PD) = 34.5 bars, rotor speed ω = 5 krpm, and radial tooth clearance Cr = 0.102 mm and 0.178 mm. Test results show that, for all test conditions (before and after injecting air bubbles into the oil flow), increasing Cr from 0.102 mm to 0.178 mm increases the mass flow rate by about 40% but barely changes the test seal's rotordynamic coefficients, i.e., the increased tooth clearance would not change the pump vibration performance.
AutomatedN-glycan profiling of a mutantTrypanosoma rangelisialidase expressed inPichia pastoris, using tandem mass spectrometry and bioinformatics (2015)

A mutant Trypanosoma rangeli sialidase, Tr7, expressed in Pichia pastoris, exhibits significant trans-sialidase activity, and has been used for analytical-scale production of sialylated human milk oligosaccharides. Mass spectrometry-based site-specific N-glycoprofiling of Tr7 showed that heterogeneous high-mannose type N-glycans were present at all the five potential N-linked glycosites. N-linked glycans in Tr7 were predominantly neutral oligosaccharides with compositions Man(8-16)GlcNA(c2), but also mono- and di-phosphorylated oligosaccharides in the forms of Man(9-15)P(1)GlcNA(c2) and Man(9-14)P(2)GlcNA(c2), respectively. Some phosphorylated N-linked glycans further contained an additional HexNAc, which has not previously been reported in P. pastoris-expressed proteins. We compiled a method pipeline that combined hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography enrichment of glycopeptides, high accuracy mass spectrometry and automated interpretation of the mass spectra with in-house developed "MassAI" software, which proved efficient in glycan site microheterogeneity analysis. Functional analysis showed that the deglycosylated Tr7 retained more than 90% of both the sialidase and trans-sialidase activities relative to the glycosylated Tr7.
Object-Based Reverberation for Spatial Audio (2017)

Object-based audio is gaining momentum as a means for future audio content to be more immersive, interactive, and accessible. Recent standardization developments make recommendations for object formats; however, the capture, production, and reproduction of reverberation is an open issue. In this paper parametric approaches for capturing, representing, editing, and rendering reverberation over a 3D spatial audio system are reviewed. A framework is proposed for a Reverberant Spatial Audio Object (RSAO), which synthesizes reverberation inside an audio object renderer. An implementation example of an object scheme utilizing the RSAO framework is provided, and supported with listening test results, showing that: the approach correctly retains the sense of room size compared to a convolved reference; editing RSAO parameters can alter the perceived room size and source distance; and, format-agnostic rendering can be exploited to alter listener envelopment.
A new dynamic N2O reduction system based on Rh/ceria–zirconia: from mechanistic insight towards a practical application (2020)

Simultaneous reduction of N<sub>2</sub>O in the presence of co-existing oxidants, especially NO, from industrial plants, is a challenging task.
Selection Rules for Symmetry-Protected Bound States in the Continuum (2019)

Photonic crystal slabs (PCSs) are a well-studied class of devices known to
support optical Fano resonances for light normally incident to the slab, useful
for narrowband filters, modulators, and nonlinear photonic devices. In
shallow-etched PCSs the linewidth of the resonances is easily controlled by
tuning the etching depth. This design strength comes at the cost of large
device footprint due to the poor in-plane localization of optical energy. In
fully-etched PCSs realized in high index contrast material systems, the
in-plane localization is greatly improved, but the command over linewidth
suffers. This disadvantage in fully-etched PCSs, also known as high contrast
gratings (HCGs), can be overcome by accessing symmetry-protected Bound States
in the Continuum (BICs). By perturbing an HCG, the BIC may be excited from the
free space with an inverse squared dependence on the magnitude of the
perturbation, while inheriting the excellent in-plane localization of their
unperturbed counterparts. Here, we report an exhaustive catalogue of the
selection rules (if and to which free space polarization coupling occurs) of
BICs controlled by in-plane symmetry breaking in six types of two-dimensional
PCS lattices. The chosen lattices allow access to the three highest symmetry
mode classes of unperturbed square and hexagonal PCSs. The restriction to
in-plane symmetry allows for devices realized with simple lithographic
fabrication techniques in comparison to out-of-plane symmetry breaking, useful
for practical applications. The approach reported provides a high-level roadmap
for designing PCSs supporting tunable sharp spectral features in a mature
fabrication platform with minimal device footprint.
Synergistic effects and piezoresistive characteristics of carbon nanofillers/silicone rubber composites (2015)

Silicone rubber (SR) filled with different concentrations of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon black (CB) and (CNTs/CB) hybrid fillers was fabricated by melt blending. The effects of filler type on the electrical properties and piezoresistive properties (in the region of the percolation) of the conductive SR composites were studied. Percolation threshold of CNTs, CB and (CNTs/CB) based composites was found to be 0.20, 0.255 and 0.22 volume fraction respectively. The piezoresistive sensitivity GR of these conductive SR composites, dependent on different filler types, was 0.8549, 0.7267 and 0.9361 respectively. Compared to CB/SR and CNTs/SR, CNTs/CB/SR revealed an unexpectedly high GR, which indicated that the synergistic effects have formed in CNTs/CB network. In addition, microscopic analysis (SEM) can also explain the existence of synergies. A model describing the electrical percolation of mixed carbon fillers CNTs and CB is proposed. The experimental value (0.22) of hybrid filler systems is smaller than the theoretical value (0.23), which can prove the existence of synergies once again.
Improving Retrieval Performance for Verbose Queries via Axiomatic Analysis of Term Discrimination Heuristic (2017)

Number of terms in a query is a query-specific constant that is typically ignored in retrieval functions. However, previous studies have shown that the performance of retrieval models varies for different query lengths, and it usually degrades when query length increases. A possible reason for this issue can be the extraneous terms in longer queries that makes it a challenge for the retrieval models to distinguish between the key and complementary concepts of the query. As a signal to understand the importance of a term, inverse document frequency (IDF) can be used to discriminate query terms. In this paper, we propose a constraint to model the interaction between query length and IDF. Our theoretical analysis shows that current state-of-the-art retrieval models, such as BM25, do not satisfy the proposed constraint. We further analyze the BM25 model and suggest a modification to adapt BM25 so that it adheres to the new constraint. Our experiments on three TREC collections demonstrate that the proposed modification outperforms the baselines, especially for verbose queries.
The shock-densification behavior of three distinct Ni+Al powder mixtures (2008)

The shock-densification response of equivolumetric mixtures of Ni+Al powders of varying particle size and morphology has been determined through instrumented parallel-plate impact experiments. The results reveal a variation in the densification response, with crush strengths (stress at full density) ranging from 0.5 to nearly 6GPa. A modified Fischmeister–Artz contact model was proposed to predict the crush strength of configurationally varying Ni+Al powder mixtures.
Questionable Behavior in the Writing Lab (2019)

In the setting of a writing center tutoring world where calibrated questioning is typically a core strategy of connecting with, evaluating, and ultimately counseling student writers, my work is an attempt to discover by examination and evaluation the effectiveness of questioning tools and techniques used by writing tutors and teachers. My purpose is to offer potential refinements to common questioning methods so as to help tutors better facilitate student writers in generating their own solutions to writing quandaries, as opposed to being led to preconceived tutor-generated solutions. The content of this paper is based upon my observations of tutoring sessions conducted by experienced tutors in the Utah State University Writing Center and my own experiences as a writing center tutor as informed by the recommended questioning strategies of The New Bedford Guide for Writing Tutors and supplemental readings of educational theorist Paulo Freire, and FBI Chief Negotiator, Christopher Voss. Ultimately this paper concludes that though tutors and teachers often use open ended questions, they use them in sequences of leading questions, the result of which is the transformation of seemingly open-ended questions into highly constrictive questions.