gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrically tunable quantum emitters in an ultrathin graphene–hexagonal boron nitride van der Waals heterostructure (2019)

We explore the photoluminescence (PL) properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) quantum emitters embedded within atomically thin graphene/h-BN heterostructures fabricated by mechanical transfer. Stable light emission could be observed from h-BN emitters which due to the local presence of multilayer h-BN are not subject to fluorescence quenching by graphene. By using graphene as a top gate contact, the PL emission can be tuned by up to 24 meV per V/nm, with a high robustness of the emitters over several voltage sweep cycles. Two different types of h-BN emitters were observed, one with a quadratic and the other one with a linear Stark shift. Moreover, the vertical electric field leads to an asymmetric modulation of both the fluorescence intensity and lifetime between the negative and positive gate voltage regimes. The overall behavior can be well explained by a model involving different rates for electron and hole tunneling between the h-BN and graphene layers. Our findings suggest ultrathin van der Waals heterostructures as valuable platforms for fine tuning the optoelectronic properties of atomic defect-based quantum emitters.
Prosthetic Treatment with Palatal Obturator for the Patient who had Hemimaxillectomy: Case Report (2011)

Congenital or traumatic loss on the oral and maxillary area or the loss of jaws due to the surgical excision of a tumor causes functional problems, such as masticatory and swallowing disorders, phonetic problems and psychological disorders in patients. In most cases, a prosthetic restoration is needed to resolve these problems and restore the damaged tissue and function. When loss occurs on the maxilla, foods and liquids leak into the nasal cavity, and a nasal sound can be heard due to air leakage into the removed area. In these cases, the palatal obturator can be used to improve the esthetic and functional aspects because it restores the removed area of the maxilla and closes the opened route between the oral cavity and maxillary sinus or nasal cavity. In this case report, a palatal obturator was applied to patients who had a hemimaxillectomy due to the occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma on the right maxillary area. Therefore, fundamental functions, such as phonetic and swallowing functions were restored, and the esthetic aspects of the facial profile were improved.
Three‐Dimensional gated EPR imaging of the beating heart: Time‐resolved measurements of free radical distribution during the cardiac contractile cycle (1996)

In vivo or ex vivo EPR imaging, EPRI, has been established as a powerful technique for determining the spatial distribution of free radicals and other paramagnetic species in living organs and tissues. While instrumentation capable of performing EPR imaging of free radicals in whole tissues and isolated organs has been previously reported, it was not possible to image rapidly moving organs such as the beating heart. Therefore instrumentation was developed to enable the performance of gated-spectroscopy and imaging on isolated beating rat hearts at L-band. A synchronized pulsing and timing system capable of gated acquisitions of up to 256 images per cycle, with rates of up to 16 Hz was developed. The temporal and spatial accuracy of this instrumentation was verified using a specially designed beating heart-shaped isovolumic phantom with electromechanically driven sinusoidal motion at a cycle rate of 5 Hz. Gated EPR imaging was performed on a series of isolated rat hearts perfused with nitroxide spin labels. These hearts were paced at a rate of 6 Hz with either 16 or 32 gated images acquired per cardiac contractile cycle. The image enabled visualization of the time-dependent alterations in the free radical distribution and anatomical structure of the heart that occur during the cardiac cycle.
Regulatory Subunit Of Protein Kinase A: Structure of Deletion Mutant with cAMP Binding Domains (1995)

In the molecular scheme of living organisms, adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP or cAMP) has been a universal second messenger. In eukaryotic cells, the primary receptors for cAMP are the regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The crystal structure of a 1-91 deletion mutant of the type I alpha regulatory subunit was refined to 2.8 A resolution. Each of the two tandem cAMP binding domains provides an extensive network of hydrogen bonds that buries the cyclic phosphate and the ribose between two beta strands that are linked by a short alpha helix. Each adenine base stacks against an aromatic ring that lies outside the beta barrel. This structure provides a molecular basis for understanding how cAMP binds cooperatively to its receptor protein, thus mediating activation of the kinase.
Novel Dental Anomaly–associated Mutations in WNT10A Protein Binding Sites (2022)

Four novel mutations in WNT10A were identified in patients with isolated tooth agenesis. The mutations in the N-terminal domain and the interface between the N- and C-terminal domains of WNT10A in our patients are likely to disrupt its binding with FZD, LRP5/6, and various other proteins involved in WNT10A processing and transport, impair WNT and SHH signaling, and subsequently result in tooth agenesis, microdontia, and root maldevelopment.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole–Porphyrin Conjugates as Broadly Absorbing Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2012)

A series of four new push-pull zinc porphyrin-based dyes was synthesised for hybrid photovoltaic solar cells with a view to enhancing the light-harvesting efficiency at approximately 550 nm with a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) unit. The strength of the donor side of the push-pull porphyrin was tuned by affixing the electron-rich 4,4'-dimethoxydiphenylamine group at the meso position of the macrocycle, and the influence of the distance between the semiconductor surface and the porphyrin chromophore was assessed by introducing different π-conjugated spacers. Charge-transfer transitions over great distances were characterised by electronic absorption spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The absorption and photoactivity spectra of the new bichromophoric dyes spans the whole visible spectrum to the red, implying a better light-harvesting efficiency than regular porphyrin as the absorption spectra of DPP and porphyrin complement one another. Photovoltaic conversion efficiencies accordingly increase from 2.40 to 5.19 %. Interestingly, the best overall efficiency was reached with dye 3, which lacks the powerful donating group in the meso position of the porphyrin core. Optical and electrochemical measurements coupled to time dependent (TD)-DFT calculations give insight into the deleterious effect of the 4,4'-dimethoxydiphenylamine unit on the photovoltaic performances, paving the way towards the design of efficient push-pull porphyrin-based sensitizers.
Object recognition in subband transform-compressed images by use of correlation filters (2003)

We introduce subband correlation filters (SCFs) as a solution to the problem of object recognition at multiple resolution levels in quantized transformed imagery. The approach synthesizes correlation filters that operate directly on subband coefficients rather than on image data. We explore two techniques to accomplish the reduced-resolution recognition: (1) training the correlation filters to incorporate downsampling tolerance and (2) adaptation of the subband decomposition filters to accommodate the reduced resolutions. For compression ratios of 20:1, SCFs demonstrate recognition performance of at least 90%, 85%, and 75%, respectively, on 2-, 4-, and 8-ft-resolution synthetic aperture radar data.
Biofunctionalized MnFe 2 O 4 @Au core–shell nanoparticles for pH-responsive drug delivery and hyperthermal agent for cancer therapy (2018)

Novel materials are explored very often by material scientists to design an efficient drug delivery system to target carcinoma cells. Among various nanosystem, functionalized Iron oxide Nanoparticles (IoNP) were definitely studied especially to target, endocyte and release drug moieties inside the cells. This IoNP platform is usually composed of an inorganic core and a highly biocompatible shell layer in order to perform numerous tasks at the same time, such as drug delivery, multimodal imaging, and instantaneous monitoring, along with collective therapeutic approaches. Hence, in this work, MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Au nanoparticles (Mf@A) are used as a structure for docking anti-cancer drug using a coupling molecule for the precise targeting. The formation of the core-shell structure was corroborated by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and line mapping techniques. Superconducting quantum interference device confirms the fabricated nanostructure is favorably superparamagnetic. The stability of nanoparticles was examined by measuring the zeta-potential measurements. The binding efficiency of the drug onto the Mf@A was found to be >90%. Drug-release was carried out at different pH and found that the release is maximum at lower pH. Finally, at 2.45 GHz we employed as a magneto-hyperthermal agent which produced heat to kill the cancerous cell.
An Actively Controlled Micromixer (1999)

Abstract An active mixing strategy has been developed to enhance mixing of two fluids through a microchannel. Mixing is enhanced when the flow through the main channel of the mixer is perturbed by three sets of secondary flow channels. Numerical solutions of the flow through the mixer are calculated by simulating the full Navier-Stokes equation, the Stokes equation, and a simple analytical model based upon the superposition of elementary velocity profiles. The analytical model agrees qualitatively with Navier-Stokes and Stokes solutions for Reynolds numbers, Re = 5. A mixing coefficient is developed to quantitatively evaluate mixing efficiency for various flow configurations. The results indicate enhanced mixing for two possible flow configurations.
Solving Common-Payoff Games with Approximate Policy Iteration (2021)

For artificially intelligent learning systems to have widespread applicability in real-world settings, it is important that they be able to operate decentrally. Unfortunately, decentralized control is difficult---computing even an epsilon-optimal joint policy is a NEXP complete problem. Nevertheless, a recently rediscovered insight---that a team of agents can coordinate via common knowledge---has given rise to algorithms capable of finding optimal joint policies in small common-payoff games. The Bayesian action decoder (BAD) leverages this insight and deep reinforcement learning to scale to games as large as two-player Hanabi. However, the approximations it uses to do so prevent it from discovering optimal joint policies even in games small enough to brute force optimal solutions. This work proposes CAPI, a novel algorithm which, like BAD, combines common knowledge with deep reinforcement learning. However, unlike BAD, CAPI prioritizes the propensity to discover optimal joint policies over scalability. While this choice precludes CAPI from scaling to games as large as Hanabi, empirical results demonstrate that, on the games to which CAPI does scale, it is capable of discovering optimal joint policies even when other modern multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms are unable to do so.
The Effect of Flow on the Corrosion Product Layer in Presence of Corrosion Inhibitors (2002)

Abstract This paper reports the insight into corrosion product layer (CPL) evolution on C-steels in presence of inhibitor as a function of varying multiphase flow parameters. Mutiphase flow conditions are simulated as they exist in oil and gas lines. The main objective of this paper is to understand the effects of multiphase flow (full pipe vs. slug flow) on the morphology of the C- steel coupon subjected to a horizontal test loop. The corrosion product layer formed on the surface of the steel coupons and the cross-sectional view were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Focussed Ion Beam (FIB) techniques. Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (NEXAFS) was used to understand the imidazoline absorption kinetics and its molecular orientation on C-steel substrate.
A Domestic Satellite Design (1971)

This paper deals with the design parameters of a communications satellite which would be capable of providing domestic telephony, data, and television distribution services. Certain important aspects of the design are discussed, including satellite antenna beam coverage, transponder bandwidth, and transponder radiated power for a given weight range. A baseline satellite design is then presented which has 24 transponders (with 4000 watts radiated power on-axis and 34-MHz radio-frequency bandwidth) fully accessible from the 48 contiguous United States. The design uses crossed linear polarization to reuse the satellite transmit and receive frequency spectrum.
The cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and is markedly decreased in COVID-19 patients (2020)

There is an urgent need to identify antivirals against the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in the current COVID-19 pandemic and to contain future similar emergencies early on. Specific side-chain cholesterol oxidation products of the oxysterols family have been shown to inhibit a large variety of both enveloped and non-enveloped human viral pathogens. Here we report on the in vitro inhibitory activity of the redox active oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol against SARS-CoV-2 and against one of the common cold agents HCoV-OC43 human coronavirus without significant cytotoxicity. Interestingly, physiological serum levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol in SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects were significantly decreased compared to the matched control group, reaching a marked 50% reduction in severe COVID-19 cases. Moreover, no correlation at all was observed between 24-hydroxycholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol serum levels and the severity of the disease. Opposite to that of 27-hydroxycholesterol was the behaviour of two recognized markers of redox imbalance, i.e. 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, whose serum levels were significantly increased especially in severe COVID-19. The exogenous administration of 27-hydroxycholesterol may represent in the near future a valid antiviral strategy in the worsening of diseases caused by present and emerging coronaviruses.
Analysis of Clinicopathological Characteristics of Appendiceal Tumors in Japan: A Multicenter Collaborative Retrospective Clinical Study— A Japanese Nationwide Survey (2020)

We cumulatively investigated appendiceal tumors in a multicenter retrospective study; this is the first such report from Asia. Grouping the grades as per the American Joint Committee on Cancer was useful as a prognostic indicator of appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinomas, including low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B282. ANÁLISIS DE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS CLINICOPATOLÓGICAS DE LOS TUMORES APENDICULARES EN JAPÓN: UN ESTUDIO CLÍNICO RETROSPECTIVO COLABORATIVO MULTICÉNTRICO: UNA ENCUESTA NACIONAL JAPONESA: El tumor apendicular recientemente se ha tratado de manera diferente al cáncer colorrectal. Sin embargo, obtener conocimiento de esta enfermedad es difícil debido a su rareza.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las características clinicopatológicas de los tumores apendiculares en una cohorte Japonesa.Este fue un estudio observacional retrospectivo de múltiples instituciones a nivel nacional.Este estudio se realizó en los hospitales de referencia terciarios participantes.se incluyeron pacientes con tumor apendicular que fueron diagnosticados entre el 2000 y 2017.El resultado primario medido fue la supervivencia total.Se identificaron un total de 922 pacientes de las 43 instalaciones que participaron. De estos, 114 pacientes fueron diagnosticados con cáncer distinto de adenocarcinomas. Los 760 pacientes restantes, excepto 48 pacientes con datos de supervivencia desconocidos, fueron elegibles para el análisis de cohorte final. De estos 760 pacientes, 515 (67,8%) tenían adenocarcinomas mucinosos y 245 (32,2%) tenían adenocarcinomas no mucinosos. Dentro del grupo de adenocarcinoma mucinoso, 267 pacientes (35,1%) fueron diagnosticados con neoplasia mucínica apendicular de bajo grado (LAMN). La tasa de supervivencia a 5 años del adenocarcinoma mucinoso (83.1%) fue superior a la del adenocarcinoma no mucinoso (62,0%) (p <0,01). Con respecto al adenocarcinoma mucinoso, el análisis multivariado reveló que el alto grado de diferenciación (Comité Estadounidense Conjunto sobre el Cáncer grado 2/3), las metástasis a distancia y la operación R2 se asociaron significativamente con una mayor tasa de mortalidad a 5 años. La tasa de supervivencia a 5 años fue significativamente mejor para las neoplasias mucinosas apendiculares de bajo grado (93.3%) que para otros adenocarcinomas mucinosos (72,1%) (p <0,01).Este estudio fue limitado por su diseño de estudio retrospectivo.Investigamos acumulativamente los tumores apendiculares en un estudio retrospectivo multicéntrico y este es el primer informe de este tipo de Asia. Agrupar los grados según el Comité Estadounidense Conjunto sobre el Cáncer fue útil como indicador pronóstico de los adenocarcinomas mucinosos apendiculares, incluida la neoplasia mucínica apendicular de bajo grado. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B282. (Traducción-Dr. Yesenia Rojas-Khalil).
Aluminum Chloride Induces Retinal Changes in the Rat (2002)

We studied rat retinal changes due to aluminum (Al) toxicosis with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDXA). Normal 4-week-old Wistar Kyoto rats were divided randomly into Al toxicosis and control groups. The Al toxicosis group was injected ip with 0.3 ml of 4% aluminum chloride (AlCl3) per day every day for 16 weeks. The retina was examined with a TEM and EDXA at 8, 12, and 16 weeks after starting injections with AlCl3. There was a statistically significant increase in the serum Al concentration in the Al toxicosis group (p < 0.001). We observed prominent pathologic changes at 16 weeks after the first injections. Thin retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and disappearance of the photoreceptor outer and inner segments and nuclei were observed. There were high-density irregular granules in the outer and inner plexiform layers and in the inner nuclear layer. We found dense granules in the cells, which remained between the RPE and the inner nuclear layer. EDXA detected Al in the high-density irregular granules in these areas. Al injected ip caused accumulation of Al in the rat retina and the destruction of photoreceptor cells. These findings indicate that Al is toxic to the retina.
On the existence of non‐cycling germinative cells in human epidermis in vivo and cell cycle aspects of psoriasis (1982)

Abstract. This report deals with the controversies of whether all germinative epidermal cells in human epidermis are in the cycling state and whether stimulated hyperproliferation of psoriatic epidermis is due to a shortening of the cell cycle time or to a recruitment of non‐cycling germinative epidermal cells. Experiments were performed on human subjects in vivo . Continuous infusion of [ 3 H]thymidine for 8½ days indicated that 40% of germinative epidermal cells reside in the non‐cycling state. Proliferative stimulation by tape stripping indicated recruitment of non‐cycling (G 0 ) germinative epidermal cells in both normal and psoriatic skin, and a prolongation (rather than a shortening) of cell cycle traverse in activated psoriatic epidermal cells.
Analysis of two elementary functions (1994)

This note focuses on the analysis of exponential and logarithmic functions.
Interpolation techniques for real-time multifrequency waveform analysis (1990)

It is well known that in discrete-Fourier-transform (DFT)-based waveform analysis of multifrequency signals, spectral parameter accuracy can be increased by windowing the time samples and interpolating the DFT coefficients. It is shown that interpolation techniques are affected very little by the number of processed samples, so that only the characteristics of the analyzed signal and the required accuracy affect the choice of this parameter. The use of a polynomial fit of some relationships reduces the processing effort and allows a greater freedom in the choice of window functions, improving accuracy and easing frequency resolution requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of Seeding Pattern and Cultivar on Productivity of Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) Grown Hydroponically in Deep-Water Culture (2019)

Baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea) was grown in a bench-scale deep-water culture (DWC) system in expanded polystyrene (EPS) plug trays. Two experiments were performed. In the first, different seeding patterns, [1-2-1-2…] or [3-0-3-0…] seeds per sequential cell, at the same overall density per tray, were compared to evaluate the potential of an EPS tray designed with fewer cells, but sown with more seeds per cell (to preserve canopy density). Using such a flat would lower growing substrate requirements. Seeding in the [3-0-3-0…] pattern reduced seed germination, but only by 5%. Harvested fresh weight was also less numerically in the [3-0-3-0…] pattern but not statistically. The second experiment observed cultivars Carmel, Seaside and Space grown concurrently. Carmel had the highest germination, nearly 100%, which was significantly greater than Seaside but not Space. Germination for Space was not significantly different from that of Seaside. Carmel also had the highest harvested fresh weight but was not significantly different from Space; both Carmel and Space produced significantly more harvested fresh weight than Seaside.
G.fast channel modelling based on copper cable characteristics (2015)

The emerging gigabyte fast access to customer terminal (G.fast) project has been initiated within ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) SG15 in February 2011. This new copper access technology is expected to provide aggregate (upstream and downstream) data rates up to 1 Gbps over distances up to 250m. This paper discusses the concept of G.fast channel modelling based on copper cable measurements. The cable insertion loss and far end crosstalk (FEXT) transfer function are measured from a 10-pair cable with 0.5mm wires gauge. The G.fast transceiver is simulated based on the ITU-T specifications. The attainable data rate performance is simulated for distances up to 250m. The bit rate performance are expected to decrease proportional to distance and number of crosstalk in the lines. As a conclusion, in order to ensure successful deployment of G.Fast technology, it is essential for understanding the impact of FEXT noise towards data bit rate performance.
Simulation of ultra-large communication networks (2003)

The steady growth in size and complexity of communication networks has necessitated corresponding advances in the underlying networking technologies including communication protocols. This multi-faceted growth has rendered analysis of today's ultra-large networks, a complex task. Simulations have been used to model and analyze communication networks. Complete models of the ultra-large networks need to be simulated in order to study crucial scalability and performance issues. Discrete event simulations of such ultra-large networks, with limited hardware resources is complex due to their sheer size. This paper presents the issues involved in the design of a framework to enable ultra-large simulations, consisting of millions of nodes. The parallel simulation techniques used, the application program interface needed for model development, and the results from experiments conducted using the framework are also presented.