gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative classification of breast tumors in digitized mammograms (1996)

The goal of this study was to develop a technique to distinguish benign and malignant breast lesions in secondarily digitized mammograms. A set of 51 mammograms (two views/patient) containing lesions of known pathology were evaluated using six different morphological descriptors: circularity, mu R/sigma R (where mu R = mean radial distance of tumor boundary, sigma R = standard deviation); compactness, P2/A (where P = perimeter length of tumor boundary and A = area of the tumor); normalized moment classifier; fractal dimension; and a tumor boundary roughness (TBR) measurement (the number of angles in the tumor boundary with more than one boundary point divided by the total number of angles in the boundary). The lesion was segmented from the surrounding background using an adaptive region growing technique. Ninety-seven percent of the lesions were segmented using this approach. An ROC analysis was performed for each parameter and the results of this analysis were compared to each other and to those obtained from a subjective review by two board-certified radiologists who specialize in mammography. The results of the analysis indicate that all six parameters are diagnostic for malignancy with areas under their ROC curves ranging from 0.759 to 0.928. We observed a trend towards increased specificity at low false-negative rates (0.01 and 0.001) with the TBR measurement. Additionally, the diagnostic accuracy of a classification model based on this parameter was similar to that of the subjective reviewers.
Counter-fitting Word Vectors to Linguistic Constraints (2016)

Nikola Mrkšić, Diarmuid Ó Séaghdha, Blaise Thomson, Milica Gašić, Lina M. Rojas-Barahona, Pei-Hao Su, David Vandyke, Tsung-Hsien Wen, Steve Young. Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2016.
Model-based sound synthesis of the guqin (2006)

This paper presents a model-based sound synthesis algorithm for the Chinese plucked string instrument called the guqin. The instrument is fretless, which enables smooth pitch glides from one note to another. A version of the digital waveguide synthesis approach is used, where the string length is time-varying and its energy is scaled properly. A body model filter is placed in cascade with the string model. Flageolet tones are synthesized with the so-called ripple filter structure, which is an FIR comb filter in the delay line of a digital waveguide model. In addition, signal analysis of recorded guqin tones is presented. Friction noise produced by gliding the finger across the soundboard has a harmonic structure and is proportional to the gliding speed. For pressed tones, one end of a vibrating string is terminated either by the nail of the thumb or a fingertip. The tones terminated with a fingertip decay faster than those terminated with a thumb. Guqin tones are slightly inharmonic and they exhibit phantom partials. The synthesis model takes into account these characteristic features of the instrument and is able to reproduce them. The synthesis model will be used for rule based synthesis of guqin music.
CHIP AND PACKAGE CO-SYNTHESIS OF CLOCK NETWORKS (Ph.D. Thesis) (1995)

This dissertation presents the new concept of chip/package co-design for clock networks. Constructing a large flat size clock network that achieves zero skew is very challenging in VLSI design. Two new concepts are presented in this dissertation: (1) Since the package layer has far smaller RC interconnect parameters than a chip layer, placing the global clock tree on the package layer can decrease the skew, delay and wire capacitance significantly. (2) Using tolerable skew constraints between sequentially adjacent registers in synchronous circuits can simplify the clock distribution and reduce the total wire length of the clock tree significantly. We proposed a new clock distribution scheme which partitions the clock network into two levels. First, the clock terminals are partitioned into a set of clusters. For each cluster, a local on-chip clock tree is used to distribute the clock signal from a locally inserted buffer to terminals inside this cluster. The clock signal is then distributed from the main clock driver to each of local buffers by means of a global clock tree, which is routed on the package layer. Flip chip area I/O connections are used to make the connections between the global clock tree and the on-chip local clock trees. Algorithms are proposed to construct a planar equal path length tree for the global clock tree. Since it is planar, the global clock tree can be embedded on a single package layer, reducing the delay and attenuation through vias as well as sensitivity to process variations. The global clock tree is further improved iteratively to reduce the total wire length while maintaining the tolerable skew constraints. The skew constrained cut-and-link tree plays a key role in the iterative refinement. A clock sizing technique is used to decrease the skew of the global clock tree if the tolerable skew constraints are not satisfied. The optimal clock sizing problem is solved by a least square minimization method. In addition, this dissertation investigates the delay bounded minimum Steiner tree problem. Delay bounded minimum Steiner tree can be used for the interconnect tree construction when the interconnect delay becomes significant. A new iterative algorithm is proposed to construct a delay bounded minimum Steiner tree.
Visual Working Memory Represents a Fixed Number of Items Regardless of Complexity (2007)

Does visual working memory represent a fixed number of objects, or is capacity reduced as object complexity increases? We measured accuracy in detecting changes between sample and test displays and found that capacity estimates dropped as complexity increased. However, these apparent capacity reductions were strongly correlated with increases in sample-test similarity ( r = .97), raising the possibility that change detection was limited by errors in comparing the sample and test, rather than by the number of items that were maintained in working memory. Accordingly, when sample-test similarity was low, capacity estimates for even the most complex objects were equivalent to the estimate for the simplest objects ( r = .88), suggesting that visual working memory represents a fixed number of items regardless of complexity. Finally, a correlational analysis suggested a two-factor model of working memory ability, in which the number and resolution of representations in working memory correspond to distinct dimensions of memory ability.
Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing in the Liver and Small Intestine of Rats Fed on Beet Fiber, Soy Protein, and Fish Oil (1999)

Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing was investigated in the liver and small intestine of rats fed on beet fiber, soy protein, or fish oil as plasma cholesterol-reducing agents. The diets had no influence on the editing in both the liver and intestine, despite their cholesterol-lowering action. The results suggest that apo B mRNA editing is not involved in the cholesterol-lowering effect of these diets.
Early Experience With Meropenem-Vaborbactam for Treatment of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections (2019)

Twenty patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections were treated with meropenem-vaborbactam. Thirty-day clinical success and survival rates were 65% (13/20) and 90% (18/20), respectively. Thirty-five percent of patients had microbiologic failures within 90 days. One patient developed a recurrent infection due to meropenem-vaborbactam-nonsusceptible, ompK36 porin mutant Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Structural Basis of Redox-coupled Protein Substrate Selection by the Cytochrome c Biosynthesis Protein ResA (2004)

Post-translational maturation of cytochromes c involves the covalent attachment of heme to the Cys-Xxx-Xxx-Cys-His motif of the apo-cytochrome. For this process, the two cysteines of the motif must be in the reduced state. In bacteria, this is achieved by dedicated, membrane-bound thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases with a high reducing power, which are essential components of cytochrome c maturation systems and are also linked to cellular disulfide-bond formation machineries. Here we report high-resolution structures of oxidized and reduced states of a soluble, functional domain of one such oxidoreductase, ResA, from Bacillus subtilis. The structures elucidate the structural basis of the protein's high reducing power and reveal the largest redox-coupled conformational changes observed to date in any thioredoxin-like protein. These redox-coupled changes alter the protein surface and illustrate how the redox state of ResA predetermines to which substrate it binds. Furthermore, a polar cavity, present only in the reduced state, may confer specificity to recognize apo-cytochrome c. The described features of ResA are likely to be general for bacterial cytochrome c maturation systems.
Objective Method for Selecting Outdoor Reporting Conditions for Photovoltaic Performance (1999)

Outdoor performance of photovoltaic modules and systems depends on prevailing conditions at the time of measurement. Outdoor test conditions must be relevant to device performance and readily attainable. Flat-plate, nonconcentrator PV device performance is reported with respect to fixed conditions referred to as Standard Reporting Conditions (SRC) of 1 kW/m{sup 2} plane of array total irradiance, 25 C device temperature, and a reference spectral distribution at air mass 1.5 under certain atmospheric conditions. We report a method of analyzing historical meteorological and irradiance data to determine the range of outdoor environmental parameters and solar irradiance components that affect solar collector performance when the SRC 1 kW/m{sup 2} total irradiance value occurs outdoors. We used data from the 30 year U.S. National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB) , restricting irradiance conditions to within +/- 25 W/m{sup 2} of 1 kW/m{sup 2} on a solar tracking flat-plate collector. The distributions of environmental parameter values under these conditions are non-Gaussian and site dependent. Therefore the median, as opposed to the mean, of the observed distributions is chosen to represent appropriate outdoor reporting conditions. We found the average medians for the direct beam component (834 W/m{sup 2}), ambient temperature (24.4 C), total column water vapor (1.4 cm), and air mass (1.43) are near commonly used SRC values. Average median wind speed (4.4 m/s) and broadband aerosol optical depth (0.08) were significantly different from commonly used values.
Concurrent multi-channel time-resolved NIR with MR mammography: Instrumentation and initial clinical results (1998)

We report the development of a multi-channel NIR imager-spectrometer based on the time-correlated single photon counting technique1 for breast imaging. The instrument is capable of operating as a stand-alone modality or coupled to a MR scanner. Initial clinical results are also presented.
Trypsin destruction of the high affinity ryanodine binding sites of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum. (1988)

Tryptic digestion of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes in sucrose but not NaCl buffer leads to complete loss of ryanodine binding capacity. The presence of MgCl2 in the sucrose buffer prevents the loss of ryanodine binding by the trypsin treatment. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the treated membranes reveal that the 400-kDa protein band disappeared under all the different digestion conditions. However, the presence of 135-kDa tryptic fragment is observed only when ryanodine binding is retained. Quantitative analysis of the gels shows that the loss of ryanodine binding is well correlated with the cleavage of the 135-kDa tryptic fragment. This correlation is obtained when the cleavage was controlled either by the digestion time or by NaCl or MgCl2 concentrations. The same concentrations of MgCl2 and NaCl affect the ryanodine binding activity, the cleavage of the 135-kDa tryptic fragment, and the solubility and stability of the [3H]ryanodine-receptor complex in a detergent-containing medium. Tryptic digestion of the ryanodine receptor/junctional Ca2+ release channel, which leads to complete loss of ryanodine binding capacity, has no effect or slightly stimulates the Ca2+ accumulation activity of these membranes.
Liver Contrast Media for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Interrelations between Pharmacokinetics and Imaging (1993)

In the development of liver CM for MRI, three mainstream approaches have been undertaken: targeting of water-soluble MRI-CM to the hepatocytes, targeting of particles to the Kupffer cells of the liver, and application of macromolecular CM to tumorous tissue. As with the biliary iodinated CM, the physiological function of the liver has been used to target paramagnetic chelates (T1 agents) to the hepatocytes. Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-BOPTA are taken up mainly by hepatocytes and excreted into the bile by organic anion transporter (bilirubin transporter), whereas MnDPDP also uses the ability of hepatocytes to excrete metal ions, such as manganese. However, unlike the biliary iodinated CM, besides the specific accumulation in the hepatocytes, the low binding to plasma proteins and the high sensitivity of MRI, combined with the strong increase in relaxivity inside the hepatocellular environment, make the paramagnetic chelates very effective in the detection of liver lesions. Targeting of T2 agents (e.g. SPIO) to the Kupffer cells of the liver also has proved to be very effective in liver lesion detection. However, limited information is available regarding the pharmacokinetics of these particles in man and other problems, such as cardiovascular tolerance and manufacturing, must be overcome before widespread use of particulate CM can be implemented. The third approach is based on the differences in the vessel permeability, the vessel density, and functional lymphatics between normal and tumorous liver tissue when macromolecular CM are administered. This approach, however, is at an early research stage.
Lower ratio of high-molecular-weight adiponectin level to total may be associated with coronary high-risk plaque (2013)

Lower total or HMW adiponectin levels are associated with the presence of calcified and non-calcified coronary plaques, whereas a lower ratio of HMW to total adiponectin associated with the presence of low-attenuation coronary plaques (thought to be high risk). Measurement of total and HMW adiponectin levels and the HMW to total adiponectin ratio may be useful for risk stratification of coronary artery plaques.
In Vitro Synthesis of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans Coupled to Inter-compartmental Golgi Transport (1998)

We have used isolated rat liver Golgi membranes to reconstitute the synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) onto the membrane-permeable, external acceptor xyloside. Biosynthetic labeling of GAGs with [35S]sulfate in vitro is shown to have an absolute requirement for ATP and cytosolic proteins and is inhibited by dismantling the Golgi apparatus with okadaic acid or under mitotic conditions suggesting that inter-compartmental transport between Golgi cisternae is a prerequisite for the successful completion of the initiation, polymerization, and sulfation of GAGs. Accordingly, we show that in vitro synthesis of 35S-GAGs utilizes the same machinery employed in Golgi transport events in terms of vesicle budding (ADP-ribosylation factor and coatomer), docking (Rabs), targeting (SNAREs), and fusion (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor). This provides compelling evidence that GAGs synthesis is linked to Golgi membrane traffic and suggests that it can be used as a complementation-independent method to study membrane transport in Golgi preparations from any source. We have applied this system to show that intra-Golgi traffic requires the function of the Golgi target-SNARE, syntaxin 5.
Striking Smarter and Harder at Vauxhall: the new industrial relations of lean production? (1997)

“[We aim to] form a partnership between all the Vauxhall people, working together to win, by focusing on customer satisfaction through teamwork and continuous innovation and improvement” (Working Together To Win: Luton Plant Agreement, 1992) “They don't understand that we ore taking action because of the situation they have created. They can't see that its their lean production that has pushed the fads to if. I tell you this though, we are definitely playing if smarter now. Anyhow, people are voting with their feet and clocking off early on Fridays”. (Vauxhall-GM shop steward December 1995 in response to spontaneous action by assembly fine workers)
RelBAC: Relation Based Access Control (2008)

The Web 2.0, GRID applications and, more recently, semantic desktop applications are bringing the Web to a situation where more and more data and metadata are shared and made available to large user groups. In this context, metadata may be tags or complex graph structures such as file system or web directories, or (lightweight) ontologies. In turn, users can themselves be tagged by certain properties, and can be organized in complex directory structures, very much in the same way as data. Things are further complicated by the highly unpredictable and autonomous dynamics of data, users, permissions and access control rules. In this paper we propose a new access control model and a logic, called RelBAC (for Relation Based Access Control) which allows us to deal with this novel scenario. The key idea, which differentiates RelBAC from the state of the art, e.g., Role Based Access Control (RBAC), is that permissions are modeled as relations between users and data, while access control rules are their instantiations on specific sets of users and objects. As such, access control rules are assigned an arity which allows a fine tuning of which users can access which data, and can evolve independently, according to the desires of the policy manager(s). Furthermore, the formalization of the RelBAC model as an Entity-Relationship (ER) model allows for its direct translation into Description Logics (DL). In turn, this allows us to reason, possibly at run time, about access control policies.
The effect of pharmacotherapist characteristics on treatment outcome in panic disorder (2003)

A large number of studies suggest that individual characteristics of psychotherapists affect the outcome of psychosocial treatments for psychiatric illness, but little work has been done to see if this is also the case for pharmacotherapy. In the context of a multicenter study that compared psychosocial and medication treatments for panic disorder, we assessed whether such characteristics as age of the psychiatrist, number of years of experience, and gender influence the outcome of treatment with the antipanic drug imipramine. Data were examined by multiple and logistic regression analyses for eight psychiatrists who treated a total of 57 patients with panic disorder. More physician experience, measured as years since completing residency, was associated with better response to imipramine on one of two main dichotomous measures (the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale) and on six of nine continuous measure rating scales. Associations between psychiatrist age and outcome and between psychiatrist gender and outcome were also present but on fewer measures. Although these are post-hoc analyses that were not planned when the multicenter study was originally designed and therefore there are limitations in the information available about the psychiatrists' characteristics, the findings suggest that even in the context of a clinical trial that employs a specific protocol and single medication, physician experience may influence patient outcome. Depression and Anxiety 17:88-93, 2003.
Electrochemical studies of corrosion inhibiting effect of polyaniline coatings (1995)

A series of electrochemical measurements, including corrosion potential (E{sub corr}), corrosion current (i{sub corr}), Tafel`s constants and polarization resistance (R{sub p}), have been made on polyaniline-coated cold rolled steel specimen under various conditions. Both the base and acid-doped forms of polyaniline were studied. The base form of polyaniline was found to offer good corrosion protection. This phenomenon may not originate merely from the barrier effect of the coatings, because the nonconjugated polymers such as polystyrene and epoxy did not show the same electrochemical behavior. The polyaniline base with zinc nitrate plus epoxy topcoat appeared to give better overall protection relative to other coating systems in this study.
In situ immunocytochemical detection of potyviral proteins in plant cells (2002)

A method for in situ protein immunodetection using a peroxidase labeling system is described for detecting functional and structural proteins encoded by potato virus Y (Tunisian isolate) in plant tissues. Such Potyviruses are characterized by the accumulation of inclusion bodies containing viral encoded proteins other than coat protein. These proteins are functional at early stages of infection, making them easy to detect. Data are compared to those obtained by immunofluorescence techniques. Our technique can be used as a preliminary method for rapid detection of virus infection using antibodies directed against functional proteins.
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and FISH mapping of chromosome 9q22: placement of a novel zinc finger gene within the NBCCS and ESS1 region (1997)

Chromosome 9q22 is a gene-rich region to which several human disease loci have been mapped. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and FISH were used to determine the order of and distance between 12 chromosome 9q22 markers flanked by D9S196 and D9S180. D9S780 and XPA were within 190 kb of each other and hybridized to the same 460-kb NotI fragment as D9S180. ZNF169, a novel kruppel-type gene, and D9S280 shared several PFGE fragments indicating that they are not more than 300 kb apart. Interphase FISH showed that COL15A1 lies distal to the region bounded by D9S180 and D9S196 and that ZNF169 is adjacent to D9S196. Based on the restriction fragment lengths in this region and estimates from FISH, the distance from D9S180 to D9S196 is not less than 2 Mb.
Saddlepoint Approximations of Cumulative Distribution Functions of Sums of Random Vectors (2021)

In this paper, a real-valued function that approximates the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a finite sum of real-valued independent and identically distributed random vectors is presented. The approximation error is upper bounded by an expression that is easy to calculate. As a byproduct, an upper bound and a lower bound on the CDF are obtained. Finally, in the case of lattice and absolutely continuous random variables, the proposed approximation is shown to be identical to the saddlepoint approximation of the CDF.