gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radar-Based Heart Sound Detection (2018)

This paper introduces heart sound detection by radar systems, which enables touch-free and continuous monitoring of heart sounds. The proposed measurement principle entails two enhancements in modern vital sign monitoring. First, common touch-based auscultation with a phonocardiograph can be simplified by using biomedical radar systems. Second, detecting heart sounds offers a further feasibility in radar-based heartbeat monitoring. To analyse the performance of the proposed measurement principle, 9930 seconds of eleven persons-under-tests' vital signs were acquired and stored in a database using multiple, synchronised sensors: a continuous wave radar system, a phonocardiograph (PCG), an electrocardiograph (ECG), and a temperature-based respiration sensor. A hidden semi-Markov model is utilised to detect the heart sounds in the phonocardiograph and radar data and additionally, an advanced template matching (ATM) algorithm is used for state-of-the-art radar-based heartbeat detection. The feasibility of the proposed measurement principle is shown by a morphology analysis between the data acquired by radar and PCG for the dominant heart sounds S1 and S2: The correlation is 82.97 ± 11.15% for 5274 used occurrences of S1 and 80.72 ± 12.16% for 5277 used occurrences of S2. The performance of the proposed detection method is evaluated by comparing the F-scores for radar and PCG-based heart sound detection with ECG as reference: Achieving an F1 value of 92.22 ± 2.07%, the radar system approximates the score of 94.15 ± 1.61% for the PCG. The accuracy regarding the detection timing of heartbeat occurrences is analysed by means of the root-mean-square error: In comparison to the ATM algorithm (144.9 ms) and the PCG-based variant (59.4 ms), the proposed method has the lowest error value (44.2 ms). Based on these results, utilising the detected heart sounds considerably improves radar-based heartbeat monitoring, while the achieved performance is also competitive to phonocardiography.
Compressing Convolutional Neural Networks (2015)

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are increasingly used in many areas of computer vision. They are particularly attractive because of their ability to "absorb" great quantities of labeled data through millions of parameters. However, as model sizes increase, so do the storage and memory requirements of the classifiers. We present a novel network architecture, Frequency-Sensitive Hashed Nets (FreshNets), which exploits inherent redundancy in both convolutional layers and fully-connected layers of a deep learning model, leading to dramatic savings in memory and storage consumption. Based on the key observation that the weights of learned convolutional filters are typically smooth and low-frequency, we first convert filter weights to the frequency domain with a discrete cosine transform (DCT) and use a low-cost hash function to randomly group frequency parameters into hash buckets. All parameters assigned the same hash bucket share a single value learned with standard back-propagation. To further reduce model size we allocate fewer hash buckets to high-frequency components, which are generally less important. We evaluate FreshNets on eight data sets, and show that it leads to drastically better compressed performance than several relevant baselines.
Iontophoretic application of tobramycin to uninfected and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected rabbit corneas (1988)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis was induced in rabbits to study the effects of corneal infection on the delivery of tobramycin by iontophoresis. Some rabbits were treated by use of an eye cup with no current as a control for iontophoresis, and others were treated with fortified drops (1.36%) delivered topically for comparison with results of earlier studies. One hour after treatment with tobramycin, the concentration of drug in the infected corneas was compared with that achieved in mock-infected and uninfected eyes. Iontophoresis of 25 mg of tobramycin per ml at 0.8 mA for 10 min delivered significantly more drug (P = 0.0001) to corneal tissue than did drops or use of an eye cup without current in P. aeruginosa-infected eyes mock-infected eyes, or uninfected eyes. Tobramycin concentrations in the infected corneas (605.9 micrograms/g) were not significantly different (P = 0.815) from the concentrations in mock-infected eyes (641.4 micrograms/g), but were lower (P = 0.007) than those obtained by iontophoresis in uninfected corneas (853.6 micrograms/g). Use of an eye cup without current delivered tobramycin equally to infected, mock-infected, and normal eyes, i.e., 176.5, 171.0, and 163.1 micrograms/g, respectively (P greater than 0.709). Tobramycin delivered by use of fortified drops delivered topically was detectable in mock-infected corneas (20 micrograms/g) and P. aeruginosa-infected corneas (6.0 micrograms/g). These results suggest that iontophoresis has value as an ocular drug delivery system and that an eye cup could also be useful in a therapeutic regimen for ocular infections.
Extensive genome analysis identifies novel plasmid families in Clostridium perfringens (2023)

Globally, the anaerobic bacterium <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> causes severe disease in a wide array of hosts; however, <i>C. perfringens</i> strains are also carried asymptomatically. Accessory genes are responsible for much of the observed phenotypic variation and virulence within this species, with toxins frequently encoded on conjugative plasmids and many isolates carrying up to 10 plasmids. Despite this unusual biology, current genomic analyses have largely excluded isolates from healthy hosts or environmental sources. Accessory genomes, including plasmids, also have often been excluded from broader scale phylogenetic investigations. Here we interrogate a comprehensive collection of 464 <i>C</i>. <i>perfringens</i> genomes and identify the first putative non-conjugative enterotoxin (CPE)-encoding plasmids and a putative novel conjugative locus (Bcp) with sequence similarity to a locus reported from <i>Clostridium botulinum</i>. We sequenced and archived 102 new <i>C. perfringens</i> genomes, including those from rarely sequenced toxinotype B, C, D and E isolates. Long-read sequencing of 11 <i>C</i>. <i>perfringens</i> strains representing all toxinotypes (A-G) identified 55 plasmids from nine distinct plasmid groups. Interrogation of the 464 genomes in this collection identified 1045 plasmid-like contigs from the nine plasmid families, with a wide distribution across the <i>C. perfringens</i> isolates. Plasmids and plasmid diversity play an essential role in <i>C. perfringens</i> pathogenicity and broader biology. We have expanded the <i>C. perfringens</i> genome collection to include temporal, spatial and phenotypically diverse isolates including those carried asymptomatically in the gastrointestinal microbiome. This analysis has resulted in the identification of novel <i>C. perfringens</i> plasmids whilst providing a comprehensive understanding of species diversity.
Rab7: NMR and kinetics analysis of intact and C-terminal truncated constructs (1997)

Rab proteins are a family of approximately 25kD ras-related GTPases which are associated with distinct intracellular membranes where they control vesicle traffic between intracellular compartments. The late-endosomal rab protein rab7(1-207), (lacking only the C-terminal lipids of the native molecule) and three C-terminal truncated constructs rab7(1-202), rab7(1-197) and rab7(1-182) were purified using an E. coli expression system. The C-terminal tail region of rab proteins is of special interest because it is thought to target rab proteins to particular intracellular membranes. A comparison of TOCSY-NMR spectra from intact rab7(1-207) and the tail-less construct rab7(1-182) suggested that much of the C-terminal tail is flexible in solution. The GTP hydrolysis, and GDP association and dissociation rates for all the truncated and intact constructs were similar, showing that the tail region of rab7(1-207) has little influence on the hydrolysis and exchange rates of the nucleotide.
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with concurrent taxane-based chemotherapy for locally-advanced head and neck cancer(LAHNC): Feasibility, technique, and toxicities (2005)

5536 Background: Chemotherapy given concurrently with radiation is proven to improve tumor survival in LAHNC at the expense of higher toxicity. IMRT for LAHNC provides a means to minimize dose to sensitive organs. Our initial experience with concurrent IMRT and taxane-based chemotherapy in 83 LAHNC patients is presented. Methods: In order to simplify IMRT planning, a differential IMRT dose plan is developed for all head and neck structures. Daily fractions of 2.1Gy are delivered to gross disease with +/-5% homogeneity (69.3Gy in 33 fxs), simultaneously with 1.7Gy to prophylactic nodes (56.1Gy, homo +8 to -5%). 50% of the volume of sensitive tissue (oral cavity, parotids, back of neck, and larynx/trachea) are limited to ≤25Gy. Weekly paclitaxel 30mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC 1 were given concurrently to all 83 patients, and 40 with N2 or N3 disease also received weekly induction chemotherapy with paclitaxel 60mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC2. Chemo was held for ANC<1000, plts<100k, or gr4 mucositis Results: All 83 patients had AJCC III or IV nonmetastic disease: sinus-5, NPC-9, OP-44, OC-6, larynx-13, hypo-6. This regimen is highly feasible. 2 patients discontinued treatment early into treatment for non-toxicity related reasons (progression in lungs). Only 2 patients required a radiation break greater than 1 week. 28% required temporary PEG (none long-term). Only one patient (T4N0 hypopharynx) is still trach-dependent but has good swallowing function. Grade 3 mucositis occurred in 57% (2%Gr4) and gr3 dermatitis in 37%. There were no pts with nadir sepsis nor sig nephropathy or GI toxicity. One patient with a large base of skull tumor died 1 month after completion from carotid rupture. Xerostomia is ≤gr1 in all patients. Conclusions: IMRT with paclitaxel and carbo for LAHNC is extremely feasible using differential IMRT target dosing. Doses to sensitive non-target structures (oral cavity, trachea/larynx, back of neck, parotids) can be minimized (≤25Gy) and dose homogeneity to gross tumor held within +/-5% to avoid long-term morbidity. Early toxicities are low. Tumor control and survival data will also be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Physics of Magnetic Flux Ropes (1990)

The American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference on the Physics of Magnetic Flux Ropes was held at the Hamilton Princess Hotel, Hamilton, Bermuda on March 27–31, 1989. Topics discussed ranged from solar flux ropes, such as photospheric flux tubes, coronal loops and prominences, to flux ropes in the solar wind, in planetary ionospheres, at the Earth's magnetopause, in the geomagnetic tail and deep in the Earth's magnetosphere. Papers presented at that conference form the nucleus of this book, but the book is more than just a proceedings of the conference. We have solicited articles from all interested in this topic. Thus, there is some material in the book not discussed at the conference. Even in the case of papers presented at the conference, there is generally a much more detailed and rigorous presentation than was possible in the time allowed by the oral and poster presentations.
Delivery of a live calf after in vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes obtained from ovaries removed from a moribund cow (1994)

An aged Holstein cow of high genetic merit and economic value was determined to have a squamous cell carcinoma of the tarsus. Treatment was unsuccessful, as was an attempt at superovulation and embryo collection; thus, the owner elected euthanasia. On day 17 of the estrous cycle, the ovaries were removed via laparotomy and the cow was immediately euthanatized. Oocytes were aspirated from ovarian follicles and subjected to in vitro maturation and fertilization procedures. Seven morulae that developed in culture were transferred nonsurgically to 3 recipient females, resulting in birth of a full-term healthy male calf. In vitro maturation and fertilization procedures can be used to obtain offspring from valuable, terminally ill cows for which conventional embryo collection techniques have proven unsuccessful.
Long‐duration spaceflight alters estimated intracranial pressure and cerebral blood velocity (2020)

Persistently elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) above upright values is a suspected cause of optic disc oedema in astronauts. However, no systematic studies have evaluated changes in ICP from preflight. Therefore, ICP was estimated non-invasively before and after spaceflight to test whether ICP would increase after long-duration spaceflight. Cerebral blood velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAv) was obtained by transcranial Doppler sonography and arterial pressure in the radial artery was obtained by tonometry, in the supine and sitting positions before and after 4-12 months of spaceflight in 11 astronauts (10 males and 1 female, 46 ± 7 years old at launch). Non-invasive ICP (nICP) was computed using a validated model-based estimation method. Mean MCAv increased significantly after spaceflight (ANOVA, P = 0.007). Haemoglobin decreased significantly after spaceflight (14.6 ± 0.8 to 13.3 ± 0.7 g/dL, P < 0.001). A repeated measures correlation analysis indicated a negative correlation between haemoglobin and mean MCAv (r = -0.589, regression coefficient = -4.68). The nICP did not change significantly after spaceflight in the 11 astronauts. However, nICP decreased significantly by 15% in nine astronauts without optic disc oedema (P < 0.005). Only one astronaut increased nICP to relatively high levels after spaceflight. Contrary to our hypothesis, nICP did not increase after long-duration spaceflight in the vast majority (>90%) of astronauts, suggesting that the cephalad fluid shift during spaceflight does not systematically or consistently elevate postflight ICP in astronauts. Independently of nICP and ocular alterations, the present results of mean MCAv suggest that long-duration spaceflight may increase cerebral blood flow, possibly due to reduced haemoglobin concentration.
D-Script : Dependable scripting with DEOS process (2013)

This paper presents our idea and design on script-based framework for dynamic fault management in distributed open systems. Today's distributed systems face unexpected faults and error propagations that are hard to predict at the design time. A key idea behind our D-Script is the dependability through assuredness with a scripting solution to add fault detection and its recovery at the operation time. To realize our vision, we have developed several key tools, including Assure-It authoring tool, D-Shell dependable shell, and REC runtime evidence collector.
Relationships between chronic hyperinsulinaemia, heart rate variability and Circadian variation of blood pressure in obese hypertensive subjects (1999)

Galinier, Michel1; Fourcade, Joëlle1; Ley, Nicolas1; Boveda, Serge1; Solera, Sophie2; Solera, Marie-Laure2; Massabuau, Pierre1; Elhabaj, Saïd1; Cabrol, Philippe1; Fauvel, Jean-Marie1; Valdiguié, Pierre2; Bounhoure, Jean-Paul1 Author Information
P2‐131: The relationship between brain ventricular volume and cerebrospinal fluid levels of A‐beta and tau in apolipoprotein E4 positive normal controls and patients with Alzheimer's disease (2009)

The frequent co-occurrence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in patients with clinically diagnosed normal pressure hydrocephalus suggests a possible link between ventricular dilation and AD. If enlarging ventricles serve as a marker of potentially faulty cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearance mechanisms, then a relationship may be demonstrable between increasing ventricular volume and decreasing levels of A-beta in CSF in preclinical and early AD. CSF biomarker data (A-beta, tau, and phosphorylated tau) as well as direct measurements of whole brain and ventricular volume data were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset. The ratio of ventricular volume to whole brain volume was derived as a secondary independent measure. Baseline data were used for the group analyses of 819 subjects classified as being either normal (n=229), having the syndrome of mild cognitive impairment (n=397), or mild AD (n=193). Linear regression models were derived for each biomarker as the dependent variable, using the MRI volume measures and age as independent variables. Subjects in each diagnostic group were further stratified by ApoE genotype. For controls, ventricular volume was negatively associated with A-beta in E4 positive subjects, independent of age. Ventricular volume as well as age was negatively associated with tau in E4 negative control subjects. A significant reversed pattern was seen in AD subjects, in whom ventricular volume was negatively associated with tau, but not A-beta, in E4 positive subjects, independent of age. A-beta and tau were not significantly related to whole brain volume in either controls or AD; however, tau was negatively related to whole brain volume in MCI subjects. Increased ventricular volume may be associated with decreased levels of CSF A-beta in preclinical AD. The basis for the apparent effect of ApoE4 genotype on the relationship of ventricular volume to A-beta and tau levels is unknown, but could involve altered CSF-blood-brain barrier function early in the course of the disease. Further experimental evidence with animal models of hydrocephalus and ApoE may shed light on the exact nature of these relationships.
Chirp analyzer for estimating amplitude and latency of steady-state auditory envelope following responses (2019)

Abstract The envelope following response (EFR) is a scalp-recorded evoked potential elicited by carrier tones or noise, modulated in amplitude with a continuous sweep of modulation frequencies. This non-stationary response reflects the phase-locked neural activity of the auditory pathway to the temporal envelope of sounds and has been commonly assessed by fixed-frequency methods based on the discrete Fourier transform, such as the Fourier Analyzer (FA). In this work, we study the estimation of the EFR with the use of explicit time-frequency methods, which offer more information about the energy distribution of the recorded signal, such as the Short-Term Fourier Transform (STFT) and the Morlet Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). We further introduce the Chirp Analyzer (CA), which is similar to FA, but using as basis function the same linear chirp that amplitude-modulates the carrier stimulus. In a direct comparison using controlled simulated responses, the CA showed to be able to estimate the correct EFR amplitudes, without the typical bias offered by the estimation using STFT (equivalent to FA) and more robust to noise than the CWT method, although with higher sensitivity to the presence of a delay in the response with respect to the stimulus. For addressing the latter issue, we also propose here a novel methodology for estimating the apparent latency of the response. This method proved to be reliable when using the STFT and the CA methods, as assessed using simulated responses. The estimation of the EFR amplitude with any of the methods, but especially with CA, should be corrected by using the estimated delay when possible. An illustrative application of these methods to small datasets of a rat and a human newborn, suggested that all time-frequency methods can be used to study the EFR amplitudes in a wide range of modulation frequencies, but they should be interpreted in the light of the limitations shown in the simulation studies.
Hybrid Model Approaches to Predict Multiscale and Multiphysics Coastal Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Processes (2011)

Hybrid Model Approaches to Predict Multiscale and Multiphysics Coastal Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Processes
Parametric Modeling Method for Truss Structures (2002)

This paper presents a parametric modeling method to create truss structures to enhance a part’s mechanical and/or dynamic properties. The main idea behind this method is to replace thick part sections with thinner sections that are reinforced by truss structure. Computational methods are presented to create truss structures that conform to a part’s shape. The methods utilize Bezier surfaces to approximate the part surface and to create the truss structure. Truss topologies can be created for a two-dimensional truss, a three-dimensional truss for single volume and a three-dimensional truss for multiple volumes. The decomposition of the part surfaces, the construction of approximating Bezier surfaces, and solid modeling of the truss structures are also shown. An example is presented to demonstrate the utility of conformal truss structures for a large part from the aerospace industry.
NS2 Proteins of GB Virus B and Hepatitis C Virus Share Common Protease Activities and Membrane Topologies (2014)

Nonstructural protein 2 (NS2) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a multifunctional protein critically involved in polyprotein processing and virion morphogenesis. To gain insights into NS2 mechanisms of action, we investigated whether NS2 structural and functional features are conserved between HCV and GB virus B (GBV-B), a phylogenetically relatively distant primate hepacivirus. We showed that GBV-B NS2, like HCV NS2, carries cysteine protease activity. We experimentally established a model for GBV-B NS2 membrane topology and demonstrated that despite limited sequence similarity, GBV-B and HCV NS2 share an organization with three N-terminal transmembrane segments. We found that the role of HCV NS2 in particle assembly is genotype specific and relies on critical interactions between its N- and C-terminal domains. This first comparative analysis of NS2 proteins from two hepaciviruses and our structural predictions of NS2 from other newly identified mammal hepaciviruses highlight conserved key features of the hepaciviral life cycle.
Cytotoxicity of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and related compounds and their interaction with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes as a model for biomembranes (2000)

BA and BMA exhibited large cytotoxicity and high DPPC-interaction due to their lipophilicity, compared to EA or MMA. MMA showed little cytotoxicity and small changes in DPPC liposomes, whereas BA showed large cytotoxicity and large changes in the liposomes characterized by the membrane disturbance. Haemolytic activity and cytotoxicity of acrylates were higher than those of methacrylates. The physico-chemical properties (Log P or Q sigma) of (meth)acrylates affect the lipid bilayer in biological membranes.
Waist-to-Height Ratio Is the Best Anthropometric Index in Association with Adverse Cardiorenal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (2009)

Our study in a large cohort of subjects demonstrated that a higher W/Ht index is the best anthropometric measure associated with adverse CRD outcomes of T2DM patients.
ChemInform Abstract: New Reaction of Iodine in Dimethyl Sulfoxide with 1,2,4,5‐Tetramethyl‐ 3,6‐bis(phenylethynyl)benzene as Sterically Hindered Acetylene (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.