gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis and transport of cathepsin D in cultured human fibroblasts. (1983)

For study of the time order of glycosylation, formation of complex oligosaccharides and proteolytic maturation as well as the site of proteolytic maturation of cathepsin D, fibroblasts were subjected to pulse-chase labeling, and cathepsin D was isolated from either total cell extracts or subcellular fractions by immune precipitation and analyzed for its molecular forms and sensitivity to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. After a 10-min pulse, cathepsin D was detected in its glycosylated precursor form, indicating an early, probably a cotranslational, N-glycosylation of cathepsin D. Conversion of the high-mannose oligosaccharide side chains into forms resistant to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H started after approximately 40 min, indicating that transport of cathepsin D from the endoplasmic reticulum to the trans-Golgi apparatus requires approximately 40 min. Processing of the 53-kdalton precursor polypeptide of cathepsin D to a 47-kdalton intermediate followed about 20 min after the formation of complex oligosaccharides, and, another 30 min later, 31-kdalton mature forms of cathepsin D were detected. Processing of cathepsin D was first observed in light membranes as a partial conversion of the 53-kdalton precursor into the 47-kdalton intermediate. Both the precursor and the intermediate are transferred into the high density-class lysosomes. After 8 h, the processing to the mature 31-kdalton form of cathepsin D is mostly completed.
ChemInform Abstract: Triphase Catalytic Conversion of Alkenes to Organic Halides. (1989)

Abstract A series of alkenes such as (I) and (III) are conveniently converted to halides using the methods A) or B).
Coordination complexes of polyoxomolybdate anions. Characterization of a tetranuclear core from reactions in methanol: syntheses and structures of two polyoxomolybdate alcoholates, (MePPh3)2[Mo4O10(OCH3)6] and (n-Bu4N)2[Mo4O10(OCH3)2(OC6H4O)2], and their relationship to a general class of tetranuclear cluster types [Mo4Ox(OMe)2(L)y(LL)z]2- (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoordination complexes of polyoxomolybdate anions. Characterization of a tetranuclear core from reactions in methanol: syntheses and structures of two polyoxomolybdate alcoholates, (MePPh3)2[Mo4O10(OCH3)6] and (n-Bu4N)2[Mo4O10(OCH3)2(OC6H4O)2], and their relationship to a general class of tetranuclear cluster types [Mo4Ox(OMe)2(L)y(LL)z]2-Shuncheng Liu, Shahid N. Shaikh, and Jon ZubietaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 26, 4303–4305Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00273a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00273a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Thioester derivatives of the natural product psammaplin A as potent histone deacetylase inhibitors (2013)

There has been significant interest in the bioactivity of the natural product psammaplin A, most recently as a potent and isoform selective HDAC inhibitor. Here we report our preliminary studies on thioester HDAC inhibitors derived from the active monomeric (thiol) form of psammaplin A, as a means to improve compound delivery into cells. We have discovered that such compounds exhibit both potent cytotoxicity and enzymatic inhibitory activity against recombinant HDAC1. The latter effect is surprising since previous SAR suggested that modification of the thiol functionality should detrimentally affect HDAC potency. We therefore also report our preliminary studies on the mechanism of action of this observed effect.
Evidence Against a Direct Effect of Leptin on Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle and Adipocytes (1998)

Recently, it has been proposed that leptin, the ob gene product, influences some steps in the insulin-signaling cascade. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether leptin exerts direct effects on glucose transport in insulin target tissues. Epitrochlearis muscles or isolated adipocytes from male SD rats were incubated in the absence or presence of recombinant leptin (3-1,000 ng/ml), and in the absence or presence of submaximal or maximal insulin concentrations. In skeletal muscle, insulin increased 3-O-methylglucose transport (1.88 +/- 0.21, 4.06 +/- 0.59, and 9.35 +/- 1.90 micromol x ml-1 x h-1, for 0, 0.6, and 12.0 nmol/l insulin, respectively). Leptin exposure (300 ng/ml) for 2 h did not alter the basal, submaximal, or maximal response of glucose transport to insulin in skeletal muscle (1.50 +/- 0.14, 4.76 +/- 0.58, and 9.04 +/- 1.09 micromol x ml-1 x h-1 for 0, 0.6, and 12.0 nmol/l insulin, respectively). Insulin increased glucose transport in rat adipocytes (0.194 +/- 0.007, 1.059 +/- 0.029, and 3.367 +/- 0.143 pmol [14C]glucose x 0.5 ml-1 cell suspension x min-1 for 0, 0.8, and 80 nmol/l insulin, respectively); in vitro exposure to leptin (300 ng/ml) did not alter glucose transport (0.220 +/- 0.006, 1.269 +/- 0.046, and 3.221 +/- 0.285 pmol [14C]glucose x 0.5 ml-1 cell suspension x min-1 for 0, 0.8, and 80 nmol/l insulin, respectively). Similar to our findings in the epitrochlearis muscle, leptin had no direct effect on basal or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in soleus muscle from ob/ob or lean mice or adipocytes from normal mice. In summary, in vitro exposure of skeletal muscle or adipocytes to recombinant leptin did not alter glucose transport in the absence of insulin, nor did it affect the sensitivity or responsiveness of the glucose transport system to insulin.
Patient-to-Patient Variability in the Expression of Radiation-Induced Normal Tissue Injury. (1994)

Radiotherapy is associated with a board spectrum of early and late normal tissue injury. It is a basic clinical observation that even within a group of identically treated patients large variability exists in the incidence and severity of radiation sequelae. Although this is partly a result of the random nature of radiation-induced cell killing, there are at least two additional phenomena involved. One is that certain cofactors influence the expression of radiation damage. These include for example, age of the patient, hemoglobin level, and smoking habits. Another type of predisposing factors are related to coexisting morbidity, like collagen vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and infections. The influence of these factors on the expression of normal tissue injury is critically reviewed and some of the methodological problems involved in this field are discussed. The other phenomenon, that probably contributes to the patient-to-patient variability in the expression of normal tissue reactions, is the variability in intrinsic cellular radiosensitivity that has been shown among individuals. Clinical studies have shown that patients who express a given type of normal tissue injury in one treated area are more likely also to express this injury in another treated area. On the other hand, different normal tissue reactions seem to have a very limited, if any, intrapatient correlation. A number of genetic syndromes are associated with hypersensitivity to radiation, both clinically and in vitro. Also, studies have shown that highly selected patients who express an unusually strong response to radiotherapy, are likely to have in vitro radiosensitivities in the lower normal range. Recently, two studies on otherwise unselected patients support the hypothesis that in vitro radiosensitivity of normal human skin fibroblasts correlated with clinical normal tissue reactions.
Early-but Not Late-Onset Hypertension Is Related to Midlife Cognitive Function (2021)

Hypertension is related to increased risk of cognitive decline in a highly age-dependent manner. However, conflicting evidence exists on the relation between age of hypertension onset and cognition. Our goal was to investigate the association between early- versus late-onset hypertension and midlife cognitive performance in 2946 CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) participants (mean age 55±4, 57% women). The participants underwent 9 repeat examinations, including blood pressure measurements, between 1985 to 1986 and 2015 to 2016. The participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and completed Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Stroop interference test, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment to evaluate cognitive function at the year 30 exam. We assessed the relation between age of hypertension onset and cognitive function using linear regression models adjusted for cognitive decline risk factors, including systolic blood pressure. We observed that individuals with early-onset hypertension (onset at <35 years) had 0.24±0.09, 0.22±0.10, 0.27±0.09, and 0.19±0.07 lower standardized Z-scores in Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Stroop test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and a composite cognitive score than participants without hypertension (<i>P</i><0.05 for all). In contrast, hypertension onset at ≥35 years was not associated with cognitive function (<i>P </i>>0.05 for all). In a subgroup of 559 participants, neither early- nor late-onset hypertension was related to macrostructural brain alterations (<i>P </i>>0.05 for all). Our results indicate that early-onset hypertension is a potent risk factor for midlife cognitive impairment. Thus, age of hypertension onset assessment in clinical practice could improve risk stratification of cognitive decline in patients with hypertension.
Reconstitution of Human Keloids in Mouse Skin (2017)

The mouse model with humanized keloid tissue presented here should be a useful tool for future keloid research.
Phakic Intraocular Lens Explantation: Causes in 240 Cases (2014)

Cataract is the main cause of PIOL explantation, especially in posterior chamber PIOLs. In the angle-supported group, endothelial cell loss was the second cause of explantation.
Characteristics of an atmospheric-pressure line plasma excited by 2.45 GHz microwave travelling wave (2015)

Abstract An atmospheric-pressure line plasma was produced by microwave discharge using a slot antenna with travelling microwave power. Two different types of plasma mode, i.e., “pseudo” and “real” line plasma were investigated using a high-speed camera under different discharge conditions, such as slot gap width and power. Using wide slot gaps (0.5 mm) and low powers (&lt;1.0 kW), the pseudo line plasma mode, i.e., the time-averaged line plasma mode with the fast movement of small plasmas along the slot, was observed. By reducing the slot gap width to 0.1 mm and by increasing the peak microwave power, the plasma mode changed from the pseudo to real line plasma mode, i.e., the spatiotemporally uniform plasma mode along the slot. A gas temperature was obtained from N 2 second positive band spectra as low as 400 K. The movement of the plasma in the pseudo line plasma mode was well explained by a one-dimensional diffusion model including the spatial distribution of the ionization rate in a moving plasma.
Structure of the ectodomain of Drosophila peptidoglycan-recognition protein LCa suggests a molecular mechanism for pattern recognition (2005)

The peptidoglycan-recognition protein LCa (PGRP-LCa) is a transmembrane receptor required for activation of the Drosophila immune deficiency pathway by monomeric Gram-negative peptidoglycan. We have determined the crystal structure of the ectodomain of PGRP-LCa at 2.5-A resolution and found two unique helical insertions in the LCa ectodomain that disrupt an otherwise L-shaped peptidoglycan-docking groove present in all other known PGRP structures. The deficient binding of PGRP-LCa to monomeric peptidoglycan was confirmed by biochemical pull-down assays. Recognition of monomeric peptidoglycan involves both PGRP-LCa and -LCx. We showed that association of the LCa and LCx ectodomains in vitro depends on monomeric peptidoglycan. The presence of a defective peptidoglycan-docking groove, while preserving a unique role in mediating monomeric peptidoglycan induction of immune response, suggests that PGRP-LCa recognizes the exposed structural features of a monomeric muropeptide when the latter is bound to and presented by the ectodomain of PGRP-LCx. Such features include N-acetyl glucosamine and the anhydro bond in the glycan of the muropeptide, which have been demonstrated to be critical for immune stimulatory activity.
Light‐Absorption Studies on Neutral Flavin Radicals (1972)

Quantitative light absorption data of the neutral free flavosemiquinone are reported. It is shown that the visible range of the spectrum of the radical is drastically dependent on the solvent. The spectra of the neutral blue flavosemiquinone are compared with those of the blue flavoprotein radicals and conclusions are drawn concerning the environment of the protein‐bound flavosemiquinone. The stabilization of the neutral blue flavosemiquinone through N(5)‐alkylation and/or π‐complex formation with aromatic compounds is described. The light absorption characteristics of a tautomeric neutral, but red‐coloured, flavosemiquinone are described. The results are compared with those obtained from the free anionic and protein‐bound red flavosemiquinones. The two types of radicals cannot be distinguished from each other by electron spin resonance spectrometry but may be recognized by means of light absorption spectrophotometry. The possible biological significance of the neutral red flavosemiquinone is discussed. The optical properties of this radical are compared with those of free and protein‐bound anionic flavosemiquinones.
X-RAY STRUCTURE ASSIGNMENT OF A (1 IND + 2 DMAD + H2O) CYCLOHEPTA[B]PYRROLO[HI]INDOLE-DIMETHYL ACETYLENEDI-CARBOXYLATE ADDUCT, FORMED BY SKELETAL REARRANGEMENT (1987)

Formation de l'ester trimethylique de l'acide decahydro-4,5,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 methoxycarbonylmethyl-7 oxo-9 metheno-8,15 pyrrolo [3,2,1-0,p] benzoazacyclododecine tricarboxylique-7,8,16. Cristallisation dans le systeme monoclinique, groupe P2 1 /c et affinement jusqu'a R=0,060
Fully Packaged Nonenzymatic Glucose Microsensors With Nanoporous Platinum Electrodes for Anti-Fouling (2008)

CMOS integrable nonenzymatic glucose microsensors with nanoporous platinum (Pt) working and counter electrode (WE/CE) were first fabricated, packaged, and characterized with biocompatible Nafion and hydrophilic polyurethane (HPU) membrane materials. Optimal packaging material and its processing condition for these nonenzymatic sensors were investigated. The optimally packaged glucose microsensor was evaluated in human blood plasma solution for checking its biocompatibility and commercial applicability. The fabricated microsensors with nanoporous Pt WE/CE had a sensitivity of 7.75 muA mM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> . The packaged microsensor with Nafion membrane had better performance characteristics than packaged one with HPU. The packaged microsensor with 1:6 ratio of Nafion to ethanol exhibited a sensitivity of 0.83 mu A mM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> and stable current change in the human blood plasma solution, while the current response of nonpackaged microsensor was rapidly saturated because adsorption of various proteins and cells as expected. These data indicate that the packaged nonenzymatic microsensor with biocompatible Nafion membrane is promising and strongly applicable for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">vitro</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">vivo</i> glucose monitoring systems.
Iron overload results in hepatic oxidative stress, immune cell activation, and hepatocellular ballooning injury, leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in genetically obese mice (2015)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of iron overload in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a genetically obese mouse model (Lepr(db/db)). Leptin receptor-deficient mice were fed a normal or an iron-supplemented chow for 8 wk and switched to normal chow for 8 wk. All dietary iron (DI)-fed mice developed hepatic iron overload predominantly in the reticuloendothelial system. Hepatocellular ballooning injury was observed in the livers of 85% of DI mice, relative to 20% of chow-fed Lepr(db/db). Hepatic malonyldialdehyde levels and mRNA levels of antioxidant genes (Nrf2, Gpx1, and Hmox1) were significantly increased in the DI mice. Hepatic mRNA levels of mitochondrial biogenesis regulators Pgc1α, Tfam, Cox4, and Nrf1 were diminished in the DI mice. In addition, gene expression levels of cytokines (Il6, Tnfα) and several innate and adaptive immune cell markers such as Tlr4, Inos, CD11c, CD4, CD8, and Ifnγ were significantly increased in livers of the DI group. Strikingly, Nlrp3, a component of the inflammasome and Il18, a cytokine elicited by inflammasome activation, were significantly upregulated in the livers of DI mice. In addition, RAW 264.7 macrophages loaded with exogenous iron showed significantly higher levels of inflammatory markers (Inos, Tnfα, Mcp1, Tlr4). Thus dietary iron excess leads to hepatic oxidative stress, inflammasome activation, induction of inflammatory and immune mediators, hepatocellular ballooning injury, and therefore NASH in this model. Taken together, these studies indicate a multifactorial role for iron overload in the pathogenesis of NASH in the setting of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Fading Characteristics of LiF and Li2B4O7 TLD Systems Dependent on the Ambient Temperature, the Monitoring Period and the Interval Between Irradiation and Readout (1983)

Abstract The change in response of oven-annealed Harshaw LiF:Mg,Ti and Studsvik Li2B4O7:Mn,Si detectors has been investigated as a function of storage periods of up to 100 days at ambient temperatures of -18 oC, 25 oC, 40 oC and 70 oC. Detectors have been irradiated before storage, after storage, and at different times within the storage period of 100 days. In environmental monitoring LiF generally enables determination of field fading correction factors if control dosemeters are used.
Future applications of heterostructures (1996)

In this review the status and future of heterostructure devices is discussed. The author concentrates on III/V and Si/SiGe. Performance and applications are folded to the data and expectations of the micro- and opto-electronic market and to the traditional Si-mainstream. New trends, i.e. the SIA-roadmap, are checked how heterodevices can fit in. Only the most attractive candidates for applications are considered, i.e. the heterobipolar-, the hetero field effect-transistors, the resonant tunnel diode and to a less extent, some optoelectronic devices. Considered figures of merit are frequencies, transconductance, noise at high and low frequencies, threshold voltage, power delay, threshold current and quantum efficiencies. It is pointed out how to optimize those by material and design. Extrapolations to the future potential of heterodevices are made, just taking the claimed scaling of lateral dimensions into consideration. Field of applications are presented, where heterodevices offer exclusive qualities, i.e. high frequency transmission and sensors, and new mixed systems. In the case of logic the trend goes to nanoscaled devices and ICs targeting nanoelectronics beyond traditional electronics. Heterostructure layers allow a vertical nanoscaling and thus give an additional degree of freedom for designing and optimation. It is an attractive challenge for scientists and engineers to solve the related technological problems like thin, low thermal budget oxides, like defect free buffer layers etc. Special attention is put on Si/SiGe, which is now on an upswing in electronics and photonics.
A wireless system for continuous in-mouth pH monitoring (2017)

A first prototype of a Smart Orthodontic Bracket (SOB) for continuous in-mouth pH monitoring is presented in this paper. The SOB system uses an Iridium Oxide (IrOx) pH sensor with 68.8 mV/pH measured sensitivity. It is powered through Near Field Communications (NFC) using a smartphone from a distance of 3.5 cm. The system resolves pH variations as small as 0.15 within a wide range of pH. The system is encapsulated in bio-compatible epoxy resin and successfully used to measure the pH in saliva.
Ultra-High-Definition Low-Light Image Enhancement: A Benchmark and Transformer-Based Method (2023)

As the quality of optical sensors improves, there is a need for processing large-scale images. In particular, the ability of devices to capture ultra-high definition (UHD) images and video places new demands on the image processing pipeline. In this paper, we consider the task of low-light image enhancement (LLIE) and introduce a large-scale database consisting of images at 4K and 8K resolution. We conduct systematic benchmarking studies and provide a comparison of current LLIE algorithms. As a second contribution, we introduce LLFormer, a transformer-based low-light enhancement method. The core components of LLFormer are the axis-based multi-head self-attention and cross-layer attention fusion block, which significantly reduces the linear complexity. Extensive experiments on the new dataset and existing public datasets show that LLFormer outperforms state-of-the-art methods. We also show that employing existing LLIE methods trained on our benchmark as a pre-processing step significantly improves the performance of downstream tasks, e.g., face detection in low-light conditions. The source code and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/TaoWangzj/LLFormer.
Phase I study of neoadjuvant S‐1 plus cisplatin with concurrent radiation for biliary tract cancer (Tokyo Study Group for Biliary Cancer: TOSBIC02) (2023)

We determined the recommended dose of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for resectable cholangiocarcinoma. However, we terminated the trial due to a high incidence of morbidity and unexpected mortality.