gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Staphylococcal GGDEF Domain Protein Regulates Biofilm Formation Independently of Cyclic Dimeric GMP (2008)

Cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) is an important biofilm regulator that allosterically activates enzymes of exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Proteobacterial genomes usually encode multiple GGDEF domain-containing diguanylate cyclases responsible for c-di-GMP synthesis. In contrast, only one conserved GGDEF domain protein, GdpS (for GGDEF domain protein from Staphylococcus), and a second protein with a highly modified GGDEF domain, GdpP, are present in the sequenced staphylococcal genomes. Here, we investigated the role of GdpS in biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Inactivation of gdpS impaired biofilm formation in medium supplemented with NaCl under static and flow-cell conditions, whereas gdpS overexpression complemented the mutation and enhanced wild-type biofilm development. GdpS increased production of the icaADBC-encoded exopolysaccharide, poly-N-acetyl-glucosamine, by elevating icaADBC mRNA levels. Unexpectedly, c-di-GMP synthesis was found to be irrelevant for the ability of GdpS to elevate icaADBC expression. Mutagenesis of the GGEEF motif essential for diguanylate cyclase activity did not impair GdpS, and the N-terminal fragment of GdpS lacking the GGDEF domain partially complemented the gdpS mutation. Furthermore, heterologous diguanylate cyclases expressed in trans failed to complement the gdpS mutation, and the purified GGDEF domain from GdpS possessed no diguanylate cyclase activity in vitro. The gdpS gene from Staphylococcus aureus exhibited similar characteristics to its S. epidermidis ortholog, suggesting that the GdpS-mediated signal transduction is conserved in staphylococci. Therefore, GdpS affects biofilm formation through a novel c-di-GMP-independent mechanism involving increased icaADBC mRNA levels and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Our data raise the possibility that staphylococci cannot synthesize c-di-GMP and have only remnants of a c-di-GMP signaling pathway.
Antisteroidal compounds and steroid withdrawal down-regulate cadherin-11 mRNA and protein expression levels in human endometrial stromal cells undergoing decidualisation in vitro (1999)

The cellular mechanisms by which steroids and antisteroidal compounds modulate the function and/or integrity of the human endometrium remain poorly understood. We recently determined that the expression of the novel cadherin subtype, known as cadherin-11, is tightly regulated in endometrial stromal cells undergoing decidualisation in vivo and in vitro. To determine whether the actions of antisteroids on the endometrium are mediated, at least in part, by their ability to regulate the expression of this cell adhesion molecule, we examined the effects of the antiprogestin RU486 and the antiestrogen ICI 182,780 on cadherin-11 mRNA and protein expression levels in human endometrial stromal cells undergoing decidualisation in vitro. RU486 decreased the levels of the cadherin-11 mRNA transcript and protein species present in these cell cultures in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Similarly, ICI 182,780 was capable of reducing stromal cadherin-11 mRNA and protein expression levels in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that the progesterone-mediated increase in cadherin-11 expression levels in human endometrial cells undergoing decidualisation in vitro is dependent on the presence of estrogens. Cadherin-11 expression levels also were reduced in endometrial stromal cell cultures subjected to progesterone withdrawal, an in vitro model for menstrual breakdown. These studies not only give us useful insight into the mechanism(s) by which progesterone regulates stromal cadherin-11 expression, but they strengthen our hypothesis that this cell adhesion molecule plays a central role in the remodeling processes that occur in the human endometrium in response to fluctuations in the levels of gonadal steroids.
Editorial Vol.2(2) (2003)

It is unfortunate that developing countries are fighting with both communicable and non-communicable diseases in large scales at the same time. Health problems are more complex as compared with the developed world. Poverty, population growth, lack of resources, low literacy rates, lack of trained manpower and basic health facilities at remote areas are making things more complicated.
Detection of cranberry juice flavonols in the plasma of type 2 diabetics. (2008)

Cranberry flavonol absorption and metabolism studies have primarily focused on the aglycone quercetin and the glycoside quercetin‐3‐glucoside that is considered to be more bioavailable than the aglycone, as well as other sugar conjugates. This study of type 2 diabetics characterized the pharmacokinetics of cranberry juice (CBJ) flavonol glycosides following consumption of: unsweetened low calorie CBJ (19 Cal/240 ml), normal calorie CBJ (120 Cal/240 ml), isocaloric low calorie sugar water, or isocaloric normal calorie sugar water. LC‐MS‐ESI and HPLC‐PDA techniques were developed to detect flavonols and metabolites. Quercetin glycosides were indicated by the molecular ion m/z 463, 479, 447 to the specific quercetin fragment of m/z301, enabling the monitoring and quantification of flavonol glycosides in the pre‐ and postprandial plasma of type 2 diabetic patients. Flavonols were not observed following administration of control treatments (isocaloric low calorie sugar water) and could be observed in 50% of individuals following administration of the CBJ treatments, respectively. This study validated LC‐MS and HPLC methods for characterizing plasma glycosylated flavonols. There was no evidence of proanthocyanidin absorption and significant variation among individuals was apparent regarding flavonol pharmacokinetics.
On the aggregatability of multicast forwarding state (2002)

It has been claimed that multicast state cannot be aggregated. In this paper, we will debunk this myth and present a simple technique that can be used to aggregate multicast forwarding state. In particular, we present an interface-centric data structure model which allows aggregation of ranges of multicast addresses in the forwarding table. Understanding the limits of possible aggregation is critical to our knowledge of how IP multicast will scale as it becomes widely deployed. We show through analysis and simulation that some aggregation is possible, even under purely random address allocation and purely random group membership distribution. We further show how other methods of allocation can significantly improve the ability to aggregate, and how non-random distributions of membership can affect aggregation both positively and negatively.
Deformable models with parameter functions for left ventricle 3-D wall motion analysis and visualization (2002)

We have developed a new class of deformable models suitable for analyzing the left ventricular shape and motion. The models allow us to estimate the deformation and complex motion of the left ventricle (LV) in terms of a few global parameter functions whose values are allowed to vary locally. Using Lagrangian dynamics and the finite element theory, we convert these volumetric primitives into models that deform due to forces exerted by the data points. We present experiments where we used magnetic tagging (MRI-SPAMM) to acquire datapoints from the LV during systole. By plotting the variations over time of the extracted LV model parameters we quantitatively analyze, localize and compare the epicardial and endocardial motion. We also present mid-wall motion analysis results from healthy volunteers and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
The Importance of Brand and Retailer Associations in Evaluating a Product Category Extension (2018)

This study investigates the importance of brand and retailer associations when consumers evaluate a product category extension in the context of brand and retailer collaborations. Although brand extensions are considered to reduce costs for introducing a new product category, limited study has focused on the role of brand and retailer associations in the context of brand and retailer collaborations. Using a total of 440 participants, a hypothesized model was tested using a structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that brand and retailer associations influence the perceived fit between a brand and a retailer. In addition, the image fit and quality fit are significantly related to brand and retailer attitudes as well as brand extension evaluation. Since consumers may use their associations with brands or retailers when they perceive product differentiation, market position, and brand extensions, the role of brand or retailer associations is important to marketers, retailers, and consumers. Given the importance of brand and retailer collaborations as a brand positioning strategy in the global branding and retail setting, the findings of this study contribute to brand and retail management by providing empirical evidence on how consumers perceive new products from extended brands in the marketplace when a brand collaborates with a retailer.
Controlled digestion with trypsin as a structural probe for the N-terminal peptide of soluble and membranous cytochrome c1 (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTControlled digestion with trypsin as a structural probe for the N-terminal peptide of soluble and membranous cytochrome c1Bernard L. Trumpower and Aspandiar KatkiCite this: Biochemistry 1975, 14, 16, 3635–3642Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00687a019https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00687a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heat shock protein Hsp60-reactive gamma delta cells: a large, diversified T-lymphocyte subset with highly focused specificity. (1992)

Previously, we detected a subset of gamma delta T cells in the newborn mouse thymus that responded to the mycobacterial heat shock protein Hsp60, as well as with what seemed to be a self-antigen. All of these cells expressed V gamma 1, most often in association with V delta 6+. It was not clear, however, whether similar, mature gamma delta cells with Hsp60 reactivity are common outside of the thymus, or rather, whether they are largely eliminated during development. From the data presented here, we estimate that gamma delta cells responding to Hsp60 comprise 10-20% of normal splenic and lymph node gamma delta T cells. Such cells, derived from adult spleen, always express a V gamma 1-J gamma 4-C gamma 4 gamma chain, although not all cells with this gamma chain show Hsp60 reactivity. Many of these V gamma 1+ cells also express V delta 6-J delta 1-C delta, though fewer than in V gamma 1+ cells from the newborn thymus. Extensive diversity is evident in both the gamma and delta chain junctional amino acids of the receptors of these cells, indicating that they may largely develop in the thymus of older animals or undergo peripheral expansion. Finally, we found that all such cells responding to both a putative self-antigen and to mycobacterial Hsp60 respond to a 17-amino acid synthetic peptide representing amino acids 180-196 of the Mycobacterium leprae Hsp60 sequence. This report demonstrates that a large subset of Hsp60-reactive peripheral lymphoid gamma delta T cells preexists in normal adult mice, all members of which respond to a single segment of this common heat shock protein.
FACILE FABRICATION OF FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS VIA DIRECT LASER WRITING OF CARBON-SILVER NANOCOMPOSITE (2016)

In this paper, we demonstrate a facile method for the fabrication of porous-carbon/silver nanocomposites using direct laser writing on polymeric substrates. Our technique uses a combination of CO2 laser-induced carbonization and selective silver deposition on a polyimide sheet to create flexible highly conductive traces. The localized laser irradiation selectively converts the polyimide to a highly porous and conductive carbonized film with superhydrophilic wettability. The resulting pattern allows for selective trapping of aqueous silver ionic ink solutions into the carbonized regions that are subsequently converted to Ag/C nanocomposite with sheet resistance as low as , upon annealing. The resulting patterns are flexible and electromechanically robust with less than 0.6 variation in resistance after > 15000 flexion bending cycles. Furthermore, using this technique, we demonstrate the fabrication of a wireless resonant pressure sensor capable of detecting pressures ranging from 0 to 97 kPa with an average sensitivity of -26 kHz/kPa.
Telmisartan but Not Candesartan Affects Adiponectin Expression In Vivo and In Vitro (2008)

To examine the effects of telmisartan on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation, we compared the effects of telmisartan with those of candesartan on adipocytokines and glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, 56 patients with both type 2 diabetes and hypertension were enrolled and randomized to receive either telmisartan (40 mg) or candesartan (8 mg) for 3 months. Serum adiponectin, HbA1c levels, lipid profiles and blood pressure were recorded at the beginning and 3 months later. In vitro, differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with telmisartan, candesartan, pioglitazone or vehicle for 24 h, and then adiponectin mRNA and protein levels were measured. The results showed that most of the metabolic parameters, including the lipid profiles, did not change significantly during the study in either group. However, the changes in serum adiponectin and plasma glucose over 3 months were significantly greater in the telmisartan group than in the candesartan group. In vitro, although the protein level of adiponectin was not significantly elevated, the mRNA expression of adiponectin was elevated 1.5-fold by telmisartan in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our findings suggest that telmisartan may have beneficial effects in type 2 diabetes beyond its antihypertensive effect.
RUMINANT NUTRITION SYMPOSIUM: Productivity, digestion, and health responses to hindgut acidosis in ruminants1 (2011)

Microbial fermentation of carbohydrates in the hindgut of dairy cattle is responsible for 5 to 10% of total-tract carbohydrate digestion. When dietary, animal, or environmental factors contribute to abnormal, excessive flow of fermentable carbohydrates from the small intestine, hindgut acidosis can occur. Hindgut acidosis is characterized by increased rates of production of short-chain fatty acids including lactic acid, decreased digesta pH, and damage to gut epithelium as evidenced by the appearance of mucin casts in feces. Hindgut acidosis is more likely to occur in high-producing animals fed diets with relatively greater proportions of grains and lesser proportions of forage. In these animals, ruminal acidosis and poor selective retention of fermentable carbohydrates by the rumen will increase carbohydrate flow to the hindgut. In more severe situations, hindgut acidosis is characterized by an inflammatory response; the resulting breach of the barrier between animal and digesta may contribute to laminitis and other disorders. In a research setting, effects of increased hindgut fermentation have been evaluated using pulse-dose or continuous abomasal infusions of varying amounts of fermentable carbohydrates. Continuous small-dose abomasal infusions of 1 kg/d of pectin or fructans into lactating cows resulted in decreased diet digestibility and decreased milk fat percentage without affecting fecal pH or VFA concentrations. The decreased diet digestibility likely resulted from increased bulk in the digestive tract or from increased digesta passage rate, reducing exposure of the digesta to intestinal enzymes and epithelial absorptive surfaces. The same mechanism is proposed to explain the decreased milk fat percentage because only milk concentrations of long-chain fatty acids were decreased. Pulse-dose abomasal fructan infusions (1 g/kg of BW) into steers resulted in watery feces, decreased fecal pH, and increased fecal VFA concentrations, without causing an inflammatory response. Daily 12-h abomasal infusions of a large dose of starch (~4 kg/d) have also induced hindgut acidosis as indicated by decreased fecal pH and watery feces. On the farm, watery or foamy feces or presence of mucin casts in feces may indicate hindgut acidosis. In summary, hindgut acidosis occurs because of relatively high rates of large intestinal fermentation, likely due to digestive dysfunction in other parts of the gut. A better understanding of the relationship of this disorder to other animal health disorders is needed.
Quantifying Photoinduced Charge Transfer in Graphene-Transition Metal Dichalcogenide van der Waals Heterostructures using Raman Spectroscopy (2017)

Van der Waals heterostuctures, made from stacks of two-dimensional materials, exhibit unique light-matter interactions and are promising for novel optoelectronic devices. The performance of such devices is governed by near-field coupling through, e.g., interlayer charge and/or energy transfer. New concepts and experimental methodologies are needed to properly describe two-dimensional heterointerfaces. Here, we report on interlayer charge and energy transfer in atomically thin metal (graphene)/semiconductor (transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD, here MoSe$_2$)) heterostructures using a combination of photoluminescence and Raman scattering spectroscopies. The photoluminescence intensity in graphene/MoSe$_2$ is quenched by more than two orders of magnitude and rises linearly with the photon flux, demonstrating a drastically shortened ($\sim 1~\tr{ps}$) room temperature MoSe$_2$ exciton lifetime. Key complementary insights are provided from analysis of the graphene and MoSe$_2$ Raman modes, which reveals net photoinduced electron transfer from MoSe$_2$ to graphene and hole accumulation in MoSe$_2$. Remarkably, the steady state Fermi energy of graphene saturates at $290\pm 15~\tr{meV}$ above the Dirac point. This behavior is observed both in ambient air and in vacuum and is discussed in terms of band offsets and environmental effects. In this saturation regime, balanced photoinduced flows of electrons and holes may transfer to graphene, a mechanism that effectively leads to energy transfer. Using a broad range of photon fluxes and diverse environmental conditions, we find that the presence of net photoinduced charge transfer has no measurable impact on the near-unity photoluminescence quenching efficiency in graphene/MoSe$_2$. This absence of correlation strongly suggests that energy transfer to graphene is the dominant interlayer coupling mechanism between atomically-thin TMDs and graphene.
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Versatile Access to Azamacroheterocycles via Ring Closing Carbonylative Hydroaminomethylation. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Studies of Plate Bending for Practical Use by Computer Aided Line-Heating System (1998)

The authors have accomplished to extend the logic of the Finite Element Method to the principle of Thermal Forming or Line Heating so as to facilitate creating curvature effectively on a hull steel plate by using fully automated, revolutionized line heating system in shipbuilding process. This paper writes of the elaboration on the development of the line heating unit. The elastic calculation based on the theory of inherent strain makes design of heating process plans available in reasonable time, though the forming by line heating consists of thermal conduction and thermal-elastic-plastic phenomena.The result of experiments on precise forming for saddle shape by stepping heat source travel was presented in the previous report. Succeedingly, this paper states the followings : (1) a calculation method for designing heating process plans with use of continuous traveling heating which is more practical in view of operation.(2) the results of quantitative analysis on the factors which affect thermal deformation, e. g. residual stress.(3) what actually happened at experiments with experimental apparatus in consideration of the above study results.Further, the realization of the first, fully automated line heating unit for actual steel forming work process in shipbuilding, being considered the above, ought to be completed in the near future.
Passivation quality and electrical characteristics for boron doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon film (2017)

Borons doped amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) that deposited on a n-type silicon substrate was prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The conductivity increases with increasing B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> flow when the electrode distance, working pressure and total flow rate are fixed. The Ellipsometer, Four Point Sheet Resistance Meter, Hall measurement, Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer and Photo-conductance lifetime tester were used to obtain the electrical and physical properties of thin films. The research shows that while changing process parameters, the effect on the film that has the good conductivity and the carrier lifetime are most critical. When the amounts of the boron atoms increase, the conducting properties of the boron-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon film increase effectively. However, too much boron atoms increase densities of the defects, thus reduce the carrier lifetime and affect the activation of boron atoms in films. Based on the results of the carrier lifetime ratio on intrinsic layer and stacked dopant layer, it is found that the carrier lifetime of the doping layer stacks over intrinsic layer can effectively improve the field effect on passivation film quality.