gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A microprocessor-based acoustic hearing aid for the profoundly impaired listener. (1987)

We have found that the larynx-frequency pattern of speech presented as a sinusoid can be of greater communicative value to profoundly hearing-impaired people than the complete acoustic signal. The presence of higher harmonics can give poorer labelling of isolated intonation contrasts and often minimal gain in segmental spectrally-based distinctions. These observations have led to the development of a practical, body-worn, pattern-processing hearing aid that uses a microprocessor to sense the (analogue-processed) speech fundamental frequency, transform it into an appropriate amplitude and frequency region, and generate digitally the required output sinusoid. Our findings have important implications for the design of other signal-processing hearing aids in demonstrating that a simplification of speech can lead to enhanced speech receptive abilities in persons with impaired hearing.
Sampling from large matrices (2007)

We study random submatrices of a large matrix A . We show how to approximately compute A from its random submatrix of the smallest possible size O ( r log r ) with a small error in the spectral norm, where r = ‖ A ‖ 2 F /‖ A ‖ 2 2 is the numerical rank of A . The numerical rank is always bounded by, and is a stable relaxation of, the rank of A . This yields an asymptotically optimal guarantee in an algorithm for computing low-rank approximations of A . We also prove asymptotically optimal estimates on the spectral norm and the cut-norm of random submatrices of A . The result for the cut-norm yields a slight improvement on the best-known sample complexity for an approximation algorithm for MAX-2CSP problems. We use methods of Probability in Banach spaces, in particular the law of large numbers for operator-valued random variables.
Field test of a novel detection device for Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen in cough (2010)

We propose that the breathalyzer device described warrants further investigation as a tool for studying exhalation of M. tuberculosis. The portability, simplicity of use and speed of the test device suggest it may also find use as a tool to aid early identification of infectious cases. We recommend studies be undertaken to determine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the device when compared to microbiological and clinical indicators of tuberculosis disease.
Supplemental Figure 1 from Development of a Novel c-MET–Based CTC Detection Platform (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Immunofluorescence characterization of EpCAM and c-MET in cell lines. Immunofluorescence of SNU5, HeLa and SIHA cell lines, with (clockwise from top left of each panel) external c-MET, EpCAM, DAPI from EpCAM slide, and DAPI from c-MET slide.&lt;/p&gt;
Anomalous X-ray Scattering (AXS) Study on the Local Ordering Structure around Ni and Cu in Amorphous Pd40Ni10Cu30P20 Alloy (1999)

The anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS) measurements have been made for determining the local ordering structure around Ni and Cu in amorphous Pd 40 Ni 10 Cu 30 P 20 alloy, which exhibits wide supercooled liquid region and high reduced glass transition temperature, by using the synchrotron radiation at incident X-ray energies close to the K -absorption edge of Ni and Cu. The resultant structural functions indicate that the atomic arrangement around Cu differs from that around Ni in this particular amorphous alloy.
Selection of Individual VH Genes Occurs at the Pro-B to Pre-B Cell Transition (2011)

B cells are subjected to selection at multiple checkpoints during their development. The selection of Ab H chains is difficult to study because of the large diversity of the CDR3. To study the selection of individual Ab H chain V region genes (V(H)), we performed CDR3 spectratyping of ∼ 75-300 rearrangements per individual V(H) in C57BL6/J mice. We measured the fraction of rearrangements that were in-frame in B cell DNA. We demonstrate that individual V(H)s have different fractions of in-frame rearrangements (IF fractions) ranging from 10 to 90% and that these IF fractions are reproducible in different mice. For most V(H)s, the IF fraction in pro-B cells approximated 33% and then shifted to the nearly final (mature) B cell value by the cycling pre-B cell stage. The frequency of high in-frame (IF) V(H) usage increased in cycling pre-B cells compared with that in pro-B cells, whereas this did not occur for low IF V(H)s. The IF fraction did not shift as much in BCR-expressing B cells and was minimally affected by L chain usage for most V(H). High IF clan II/III V(H)s share more positively charged CDR2 sequences, whereas high IF clan I J558 CDR2 sequences are diverse. These data indicate that individual V(H)s are subjected to differential selection, that V(H) IF fraction is mainly established through pre-BCR-mediated selection, that it may operate differently in clan I versus II/III V(H)s, and that it has a lasting influence on the Ab repertoire.
Prevalence of type-1 interferon autoantibodies in adults with non-COVID-19 acute respiratory failure (2022)

Auto-antibodies (Abs) to type I interferons (IFNs) are found in up to 25% of patients with severe COVID-19, and are implicated in disease pathogenesis. It has remained unknown, however, whether type I IFN auto-Abs are unique to COVID-19, or are also found in other types of severe respiratory illnesses. To address this, we studied a prospective cohort of 284 adults with acute respiratory failure due to causes other than COVID-19. We measured type I IFN auto-Abs by radio ligand binding assay and screened for respiratory viruses using clinical PCR and metagenomic sequencing. Three patients (1.1%) tested positive for type I IFN auto-Abs, and each had a different underlying clinical presentation. Of the 35 patients found to have viral infections, only one patient tested positive for type I IFN auto-Abs. Together, our data suggest that type I IFN auto-Abs are uncommon in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure due to causes other than COVID-19.
Teaching and Testing Lay and Paramedical Personnel in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (1966)

*Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Presbyterian-University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Supported by U.S.P.H.S. Contract (Heart Disease Control Program) No. PH 86-63-124. A discussion of these data by L. Birch, M.D. is published in the Proceedings of the Ad Hoc Committee on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, National Research Council (National Academy of Sciences), May 23, 1966.
Theoretical study of photon emission from molecular wires (2002)

We explore theoretically the principles that govern photon emission from single-molecule conductors carrying electric currents between metallic contacts. The molecule and contacts are represented by a generic tight-binding model. The electric current is calculated using the Landauer theory and the photon emission rate is obtained using Fermi's golden rule. The bias dependence of the electronic structure of the molecular wire is included in the theory in a simple way. Conditions under which significant photon emission should occur are identified and photon spectra are calculated. We predict the photon emission rate to be more sensitive than the electric current to coupling asymmetries between the molecule and contacts. This has important implications for the design and interpretation of scanning tunneling microscopy experiments searching for electroluminescence from individual molecules. We discuss how electroluminescence may be used to measure important characteristics of the electronic structure of molecular wires such as the HOMO-LUMO (highest occupied molecular orbital--lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) gap and the location of the Fermi level of the contacts relative to the HOMO and LUMO. The feasibility of observing photon emission from Au/benzene-dithiolate molecular wires is also discussed.
Examples Questioning the Use of Partial Likelihood (1987)

On donne des exemples qui jettent un doute sur la validite generale de l'argument de vraisemblance partielle et suggerent que des conditions plus rigoureuses soient mises en place avant une utilisation generale de la methode
Automation in pharmacy: two institutions' experiences with novel distribution systems. (1995)

A computerized medication system, implemented at Rochester (MN) Methodist Hospital in 1987, has been adopted by the hospitals at the Mayo Medical Center, Rochester, MN. A key component of the medication system, which uses individualized patient medication envelopes, is the delivery of doses of medications to nursing units just before their administration time. The system has been shown to provide greater nursing support, increase patient safety by reducing medication errors, and decrease both full-time equivalent costs and operating costs. The immediate impact of the system has been to shift dose scheduling from a nursing to a pharmacy responsibility. At Duke University, an automated pharmacy system (APS) has been in operation since October 1993 and is used to dispense the majority of unit dose drugs. The APS provides up-to-the-minute information about the drugs that patients are receiving, which is used to fill each patient's unit dose drawer. It has not dispensed an incorrect drug since its installation and has allowed centralization of the unit dose cart system. Other benefits include decreased billing labor and increased drug usage reporting.
Size and Surface Effects on Magnetic Properties of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles (2008)

In this study, size and surface effects on temperature and frequency dependent magnetic properties of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles in a size range of 1.1-11 nm are investigated by SPR technique. We used a theoretical formalism based on a distribution of diameters or volumes of the nanoparticles following lognormal proposed by Berger et al. The nanoparticles are considered as single magnetic domains with random orientations of magnetic moments and thermal fluctuations of anisotropic axes. The individual line shape function is derived from the damped precession equation of Landau-Lifshitz. Magnetic properties of the samples were strongly temperature and size dependent. The increase in SPR line width, the decrease in the resonance field and also increase in anisotropy filed by decreasing the temperature core-shell type structure of the nanoparticles and disordered magnetic structure (spin-glass like phase) of the particle surface. A linear microwave frequency dependence of the resonance field and the increase in the blocking temperature of the particles by the particle size were also observed.
Efficiency evaluation of postetch metal stack anticorrosion treatments using chemical analyses by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and wide dispersive x-ray fluorescence (1997)

Chemical analyses by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with wide dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) have been used to evaluate the efficiency of metal stack anticorrosion treatments previously etched in a low-pressure high-density plasma source. Analyses demonstrate that residual chlorine is still present in the metal stack showing that corrosion could occur in the subsequent technological steps of the process. In particular, XPS analyses have shown that, after anticorrosion treatment, residual chlorine species are located on the aluminum sidewalls of the features. Combining the results obtained by WDXRF and XPS has allowed a better understanding of the action of anticorrosion treatments.
The Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Styrenes Using Ethylene in a Palladium-Catalysed Heck Cross-Coupling Reaction (2011)

We report a palladium-catalysed ethylene Heck reaction for the vinylation of aryl iodides using a tube-in-tube gas-liquid reactor. The flow process afforded various styrenes in short reaction times, employing moderate ethylene pressure.
INSULIN RESISTANCE AND COMPENSATORY HYPERINSULINEMIA: THE LINCHPIN BETWEEN OBESITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (2008)

Introduction been estimated [1] that more than 50% of the U.S. population is overweight (body mass index (BMI)>25.0 kg/m 2 ), with ~20% designated as being obese (BMI>30 kg/m 2 ). Given the importance [2] of excess adiposity in increasing risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity, it is essential that considerable thought be given as to how to address this dilemma. Patients with CVD tend to be insulin resistant [3, 4], and insulin resistance (and the compensatory hyperinsulinemia associated with insulin resistance) are independent predictors of CVD [5-8]. Overweight/obese individuals tend to be insulin resistant and become more insulin sensitive with weight loss [9]. Thus, it can be postulated that a major contributor to the association between obesity and CVD is insulin resistance and that the risk of CVD will decrease when overweight/obese individuals lose weight. As straightforward as this formulation seems to be, the situation is not quite that simple and it ignores some important issues that must be addressed. Obesity Does Not Equal Insulin Resistance Not all overweight/obese individuals are insulin resistant and at increased risk for the associated adverse consequences. For example, studies in Pima Indians and individuals of European ancestry demonstrated that physical fitness was as powerful a modulator of insulin action as body weight, with each variable accounting for ~25% of the differences in insulin-mediated glucose disposal in nondiabetic individuals [10]. Furthermore, the report [11] from the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (based on the analysis of specific measures of insulin resistance in 1146 nondiabetic, normotensive volunteers) showed that only ~25% of the obese individuals were classified as being insulin resistant.
Long-Term Outcomes of Cinacalcet and Paricalcitol Titration Protocol for Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (2007)

Long-term outcomes of combined cinacalcet and paricalcitol therapy for secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients failing traditional therapies with phosphate binders and active vitamin D compound analogs are not well described. We implemented a titration protocol for cinacalcet and paricalcitol and assessed its long-term effects on bone metabolism and disease in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Thirty-five patients were started on 30 mg of cinacalcet daily. After 12 months, median cinacalcet dose was 60 mg. There was a 33% increase in number of patients receiving paricalcitol. Average corrected serum calcium (Ca) decreased from 9.5 to 8.8 mg/dl (p = 0.003, 95% CI 0.34-1.04); phosphorus (P) from 6.2 to 5.5 mg/dl (p = 0.047, 95% CI 0.01-1.34); Ca x P product from 58 to 48 (p = 0.001, 95% CI 4.2-15.7); and intact PTH (iPTH) from 426 +/- 274 to 300 +/- 228 pg/ml (p = 0.03, 95% CI 19.3-401.7). Number of patients achieving three or more K/DOQI criteria increased by 29% (p = 0.009).
Interactions of Cu2+ and VO2+ Ions with Phosphatidylcholine Vesicular Membranes as Studied by the 1H NMR Paramagnetic Relaxation Method (1995)

Abstract The spin-relaxation effects of the paramagnetic ions Cu2+ and VO2+ on the protons of solvent water and lipids in phosphatidylcholine unilamellar vesicles were first observed in order to elucidate the details of the interactions in the membrane surface region. VO2+ ions gave higher rates of the effective paramagnetic relaxation induced by binding to a membrane while Cu2+ ions had a larger partition coefficient from water to the membrane phase. It is concluded that VO2+ occupies a binding site closer to the N-methyl groups in the polar-head network and less accessible to a cation, which causes stronger motional restriction to a bound cation, compared with the site occupied by Cu2+.
Dispersion and asymmetry effects of ADI-FDTD (2002)

In this paper, a generalized derivation of the alternating direction implicit finite-difference time-domain algorithm based on operator splitting is proposed. The formulation follows the notation of the finite integration technique. A straightforward proof of stability is given and the numerical dispersion formula is presented and verified by numerical experiments. As an additional parasitic effect, the asymmetric behavior of the algorithm even for exactly symmetric setups is revealed. Both the dispersion error and the asymmetry error are discussed in terms of the applicability of ADI for low-frequency problems.
A comparative analysis of ratings, classification and censorship in selected countries around the world (2002)

Challenges face those who seek to control the flow of entertainment media content. These challenges are not unique to a continent, a country or a community. Yet evolving media matched with rapid social and political change make understanding the global challenges of rating and classification very difficult indeed demonstrating that the challenges may not be unique in time, except for the media involved.\nThe need to document, compare, contrast and debate ratings and classification schemes from around the world seems self-evident. This short report compares and contrasts ratings and classification schemes in selected countries around the world.
Double Auction Mechanisms For Dynamic Autonomous Electric Vehicles Energy Trading (2019)

Autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) are gaining ground around the world. They are equipped with intelligent decision-making capabilities that allow them to optimize on their battery usage and engage in energy trading for profit maximization. This paper envisions a market model, where energy aggregators considers buying and selling electricity from AEVs. In this system, the aggregators reside on cloudlets at the edge of a cloud computing system for prompt communication and negotiation with AEVs. Whether they are parked or en-route, AEVs can be crowdsourced to provide energy to consumers at needed times. This study proposes double auction models to incentivize AEV agents to participate in the market based on their time preferences and energy pricing. The proposed system implements dynamic pricing structures, which are applicable to various scenarios of energy trading. To evaluate the proposed system, this paper provides extensive theoretical analysis and simulation experiments to demonstrate that the proposed auctioning models are computationally efficient, truthful, individually rational, and budget balanced.
Double-threshold admission control in cluster-based micro/picocellular wireless networks (2002)

In this paper, we propose a call admission control policy for cluster-based micro/picocellular wireless networks. The proposed call admission policy employs two levels of admission thresholds: one at the cluster level and the other at the cell level. The performance of the proposed policy is compared with that of the policy proposed by Naghshineh et al. (see J. High-Speed Networks, vol.4, no.5, p.53-71, 1996). Our results show that, under the condition that both policies provide the same predetermined maximum level of call hand-off dropping probability, the proposed call admission policy provides significantly lower call handoff dropping probability and significantly higher call success probability and throughput than the policy proposed previously.
Inhibitors or Histidine Biosynthesis (1998)

In 1988 Kishore and Shah (1988) wrote that ''very little information is available on the reactions and enzymology of histidine biosynthesis in plants&quot; and concluded that studies of the pathway &quot;may lead to an understanding of regulation of L-histidine biosynthesis in plants and facilitate the design of new herbicides.&quot; Imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase (IGPD; EC 4.2.1.19) has long been implicated in the mode of action of the herbicide 3-amino-I,2,4-triazole (amitrole); however, little was known about the plant enzyme, and the evidence for this mode of action was by no means conclusive. In the last decade, IGPD and histidinol dehydrogenase (HDH; EC 1.1.1.23) have attracted significant attention in the design of novel herbicides and the research that this has stimulated has greatly increased our knowledge about these particular enzymes. The existence of ATP phosphoribosylttansfcrasc (ATP-PRT; EC 2.4.2.17), histidinol phosphate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.15; Wiater et aI. 1971a), and probably, imidazole acetol phosphate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.9; Negrutiu et aI. 1985) has also been demonstrated in plants. A general review of histidine biosynthesis in plants is provided in Chapter 10. In this chapter we have concentrated on just three CDZymes: ATP-PRT, IGPD, and HDH, because these have been the subject of research relevant to the discovery of novel herbicides.
Chromatin Remodeling Proteins Interact with Pericentrin to Regulate Centrosome Integrity (2007)

Pericentrin is an integral centrosomal component that anchors regulatory and structural molecules to centrosomes. In a yeast two-hybrid screen with pericentrin we identified chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4/Mi2beta). CHD4 is part of the multiprotein nucleosome remodeling deacetylase (NuRD) complex. We show that many NuRD components interacted with pericentrin by coimmunoprecipitation and that they localized to centrosomes and midbodies. Overexpression of the pericentrin-binding domain of CHD4 or another family member (CHD3) dissociated pericentrin from centrosomes. Depletion of CHD3, but not CHD4, by RNA interference dissociated pericentrin and gamma-tubulin from centrosomes. Microtubule nucleation/organization, cell morphology, and nuclear centration were disrupted in CHD3-depleted cells. Spindles were disorganized, the majority showing a prometaphase-like configuration. Time-lapse imaging revealed mitotic failure before chromosome segregation and cytokinesis failure. We conclude that pericentrin forms complexes with CHD3 and CHD4, but a distinct CHD3-pericentrin complex is required for centrosomal anchoring of pericentrin/gamma-tubulin and for centrosome integrity.
Stabilized photoemission from organic molecules in zero-dimensional hybrid Zn and Cd halides (2022)

This work explores the utilization of a photoactive organic cation for the preparation of R 2 MCl 4 (M = Zn, Cd; R = ( E )-4-styrylpyridinium, C 13 H 12 N + ).
Breast Cancer: Radiogenomic Biomarker Reveals Associations among Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging, Long Noncoding RNA, and Metastasis (2015)

The enhancing rim fraction score, a quantitative DCE MR imaging lncRNA radiogenomic biomarker, is associated with early metastasis and expression of the known predictor of metastatic progression, HOTAIR.
Two latent metalloproteases of human articular cartilage that digest proteoglycan. (1984)

Human articular cartilage contains very low levels of metalloprotease activity; the activity in 1 g of cartilage is approximately equivalent to the activity of 1 microgram of trypsin. Development of a sensitive assay, based on the digestion of radioactive proteoglycan, has made it possible to study protease activity in 1-2-g specimens of cartilage. Cartilage was extracted with Tris buffer in the cold and with Tris buffer containing 10 mM CaCl2 at 60 degrees C. The extracts were passed through Sepharose 6B; two major and two minor metalloprotease activities were detected. A neutral metalloprotease activity, pH optimum 7.4, was found as a latent form of Mr = 56,000. It could be activated with aminophenylmercuric acetate or trypsin with a resultant decrease of Mr to 40,000. An acid metalloprotease, pH optimum 5.3, also occurred as a latent form of Mr = 50,000. Activation converted this to Mr = 35,000. Removal of calcium ions by dialysis reduced the activity of the neutral enzyme by 80-85% and of the acid enzyme by 100%. Both activities were restored by 10 mM Ca2+. Both enzymes were completely inhibited by 1 mM o-phenanthroline in the presence of excess calcium. This inhibition was overcome by 1 mM Zn2+ and, to a lesser extent, by Co2+. These proteases may be important in the metabolism of the cartilage matrix and in its destruction in osteoarthritis.