gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A scalable, multi-user VRML server (2003)

VRML97 allows the description of dynamic worlds that can change with both the passage of time, and user interaction. Unfortunately, the current VRML usage model prevents its full potential from being realized. Initially, the whole world must be loaded into the user's desktop browser, and so large worlds can take a very long time to download and render, while a world cannot be shared among multiple users. This paper describes the design and implementation of a client-server architecture that was built to overcome these problems. The major novelty is the decoupling of VRML world execution from world rendering. Parallelism and information filtering are exploited to produce a highly scalable system that can support huge, highly active worlds, accessed simultaneously by large numbers of users. A cluster-based parallel server is responsible for maintaining the dynamic world state, and most of the world dynamics are evaluated on the server side. The server streams VRML to the client, using view frustum culling and dynamic LOD selection to reduce clients' network bandwidth, storage and rendering requirements. Clients with limited resources (e.g. wireless-connected PDAs) can therefore participate in highly complex virtual worlds. While the implementation of the design focuses on VRML worlds, the design ideas could be exploited in other types of VR system, e.g. X3D.
Feasible-Configuration Generator for Multiple-Bend Springs (2006)

The design of multiple-bend, progressive-die-formed springs typically comprises four iterative steps: (i) functional specification, (ii) configuration generation, (iii) configuration evaluation and selection, and (iv) detailed shape and size optimization of the selected configuration. The process of configuration generation fundamentally affects the success or failure of the design effort. Specifically, by not generating potentially optimal configurations for further development in detailed design, the designer may unknowingly set the design on track for sub-optimal performance. In response, the approach presented in this paper focuses on improving the important process of configuration generation. Specifically, this paper presents an optimization-based spring configuration generator – without which, the generation would typically be based solely on designer creativity, experience, and knowledge. The proposed approach allows the designer to explore numerous optimization-generated spring configurations, which are generated specifically to feasibly satisfy his or her functional specifications. Importantly, the feasibility study is carried out before a final configuration is chosen for detailed development. Thus streamlining the designer’s efforts to develop a design that has a high possibility of avoiding sub-optimality. As shown in this paper, we use the feasible-configuration generator to identify twenty-two specific spring configurations for the design of an electrical contact. All twenty-two of the configurations satisfy the design’s functional specifications.
Virtual estimates of fastening strength for pedicle screw implantation procedures (2014)

Traditional 2D images provide limited use for accurate planning of spine interventions, mainly due to the complex 3D anatomy of the spine and close proximity of nerve bundles and vascular structures that must be avoided during the procedure. Our previously developed clinician-friendly platform for spine surgery planning takes advantage of 3D pre-operative images, to enable oblique reformatting and 3D rendering of individual or multiple vertebrae, interactive templating, and placement of virtual pedicle implants. Here we extend the capabilities of the planning platform and demonstrate how the virtual templating approach not only assists with the selection of the optimal implant size and trajectory, but can also be augmented to provide surrogate estimates of the fastening strength of the implanted pedicle screws based on implant dimension and bone mineral density of the displaced bone substrate. According to the failure theories, each screw withstands a maximum holding power that is directly proportional to the screw diameter (D), the length of the in-bone segm,ent of the screw (L), and the density (i.e., bone mineral density) of the pedicle body. In this application, voxel intensity is used as a surrogate measure of the bone mineral density (BMD) of the pedicle body segment displaced by the screw. We conducted an initial assessment of the developed platform using retrospective pre- and post-operative clinical 3D CT data from four patients who underwent spine surgery, consisting of a total of 26 pedicle screws implanted in the lumbar spine. The Fastening Strength of the planned implants was directly assessed by estimating the intensity - area product across the pedicle volume displaced by the virtually implanted screw. For post-operative assessment, each vertebra was registered to its homologous counterpart in the pre-operative image using an intensity-based rigid registration followed by manual adjustment. Following registration, the Fastening Strength was computed for each displaced bone segment. According to our preliminary clinical study, a comparison between Fastening Strength, displaced bone volume and mean voxel intensity showed similar results (p &lt; 0.1) between the virtually templated plans and the post-operative outcome following the traditional clinical approach. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of the platform in providing estimates the pedicle screw fastening strength via virtual implantation, given the intrinsic vertebral geometry and bone mineral density, enabling the selection of the optimal implant dimension adn trajectory for improved strength.
Rates of Microbial Metabolism in Deep Coastal Plain Aquifers (1990)

Rates of microbial metabolism in deep anaerobic aquifers of the Atlantic coastal plain of South Carolina were investigated by both microbiological and geochemical techniques. Rates of [2-C]acetate and [U-C]glucose oxidation as well as geochemical evidence indicated that metabolic rates were faster in the sandy sediments composing the aquifers than in the clayey sediments of the confining layers. In the sandy aquifer sediments, estimates of the rates of CO(2) production (millimoles of CO(2) per liter per year) based on the oxidation of [2-C] acetate were 9.4 x 10 to 2.4 x 10 for the Black Creek aquifer, 1.1 x 10 for the Middendorf aquifer, and <7 x 10 for the Cape Fear aquifer. These estimates were at least 2 orders of magnitude lower than previously published estimates that were based on the accumulation of CO(2) in laboratory incubations of similar deep subsurface sediments. In contrast, geochemical modeling of groundwater chemistry changes along aquifer flowpaths gave rate estimates that ranged from 10 to 10 mmol of CO(2) per liter per year. The age of these sediments (ca. 80 million years) and their organic carbon content suggest that average rates of CO(2) production could have been no more than 10 mmol per liter per year. Thus, laboratory incubations may greatly overestimate the in situ rates of microbial metabolism in deep subsurface environments. This has important implications for the use of laboratory incubations in attempts to estimate biorestoration capacities of deep aquifers. The rate estimates from geochemical modeling indicate that deep aquifers are among the most oligotrophic aquatic environments in which there is ongoing microbial metabolism.
Susceptibility of Liver Proliferative Lesions in Heterozygous p53 Deficient CBA Mice to Various Carcinogens. (2002)

To investigate the liver tumorigenic sensitivity to various carcinogens in heterozygous p53 deficient [p53 (+/-)] CBA mice and their wild-type littermates [p53 (+/+) mice], 71 p53 (+/-) and 74 p53 (+/+) CBA mice (male, 6-12 weeks of age) were given diet containing 4,000 or 0 ppm flumequine (FL) for 26 weeks or a single intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg body weights dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) at start of the study in Exp. 1, diet containing 6,000 or 0 ppm di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) for 26 weeks in Exp. 2, or diet containing 12,000, 6,000 or 0 ppm phenolphthalein (PhP) for 26 weeks in Exp. 3. All surviving animals of these groups were killed after completion of treatment of the test substances for 26 weeks. In the FL groups, the incidences of hepatocellular altered foci in p53 (+/-) mice, the multiplicities of those in p53 (+/-) and p53 (+/+) mice were significantly increased as compared to the corresponding control groups. The incidences and multiplicities of altered foci in the DMN groups were higher than those in the corresponding control groups in p53 (+/-) and p53 (+/+) mice, but no significant differences were indicated between the groups. There were no significant differences in the incidences, multiplicities and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling indices of altered foci in the FL or DMN groups between p53 (+/-) and p53 (+/+) mice. There were no significant differences in the incidences and multiplicities of altered foci between the DEHP or PhP and control groups. The present results suggest that p53 gene knocked out heterozygously does not enhance the chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in CBA mice.
Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction assessment between LCZ696, an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, and hydrochlorothiazide, amlodipine, or carvedilol (2015)

LCZ696 is a first-in-class angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor in development for treatments of hypertension and heart failure indications. In 3 separate studies, pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions (DDIs) potential was assessed when LCZ696 was coadministered with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), amlodipine, or carvedilol. The studies used a open-label, single-sequence, 3-period, crossover design in healthy subjects. Blood samples were collected to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of LCZ696 analytes (AHU377, LBQ657, and valsartan), HCTZ, amlodipine, or carvedilol (R[+]- and S[-]-carvedilol) for statistical analysis. When coadministered LCZ696 with HCTZ, the 90% CIs of the geometric mean ratios of AUCtau,ss of HCTZ and that of LBQ657 were within a 0.80-1.25 interval, whereas HCTZ Cmax,ss decreased by 26%, LBQ657 Cmax,ss increased by 19%, and the AUCtau,ss and Cmax,ss of valsartan increased by 14% and 16%, respectively. Pharmacokinetics of amlodipine, R(+)- and S(-)-carvedilol, or LBQ657 were not altered after coadministration of LCZ696 with amlodipine or carvedilol. Coadministration of LCZ696 400 mg once daily (qd) with HCTZ 25 mg qd, amlodipine 10 mg qd, or carvedilol 25 mg twice a day (bid) had no clinically relevant pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. LCZ696, HCTZ, amlodipine, and carvedilol were safe and well tolerated when given alone or concomitantly in the investigated studies.
D06 Influencing Huntington’s disease monitoring and therapeutic development with remote quantification of blood neurofilament light protein (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Neurofilament light protein (NfL) has emerged as the leading biomarker candidate for disease progression and early detection of adult-onset Huntington’s Disease (HD). Juvenile-onset Huntington’s disease (JOHD) is a rare and particularly devastating form of Huntington’s disease (HD) for which clinical diagnosis is challenging and robust outcome measures are lacking. <h3>Aim</h3> 1) Evaluate plasma NfL as a biomarker of HD in children 2) develop a method for remote NfL quantification to facilitate frequent monitoring, using at-home finger-prick blood collections. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a retrospective analysis of samples and data collected between 2009 and 2020 from the Kids-HD and Kids-JHD studies. Matched blood plasma and serum was collected from both venipuncture and finger-prick. NfL concentrations were quantified using ultrasensitive immunoassay. <h3>Results</h3> We report elevated plasma NfL concentrations in JOHD and premanifest HD mutation-carrying children. In pediatric HD mutation carriers who were within 20 years of their predicted onset and patients with JOHD, plasma NfL level was associated with caudate and putamen volumes. Preliminary data of this novel finger-prick blood collection method for NfL quantification shows strong agreement with NfL levels from the venous blood gold standard. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Quantifying plasma NfL concentration may assist clinical diagnosis and therapeutic trial design in the pediatric population. Remote blood collection may be used to study NfL in large numbers of HD mutation carriers and Juvenile-onset HD patients at-home with frequent sampling.
Acoustic Wind Tunnel Tests on Helicopter Tail Rotor Noise (HeliNOVI) (2008)

In the framework of the European HeliNOVI project, an acoustic DNW wind tunnel study was conducted with respect to helicopter tail rotor noise. The goal of the tests was to investigate (1) the importance of tail rotor noise for different flight conditions, (2) main rotor-tail rotor interaction noise, and (3) tail rotor noise reduction concepts. Besides the conventional measurement techniques (such as an inflow microphone traverse, blade pressure transducers and particle image velocimetry), an out-of-flow phased microphone array was applied to locate and quantify the different helicopter noise sources. The test results indicate that tail rotor noise is most important for climb and high-speed level flight. Furthermore, it is found that main rotor-tail rotor interactions only have a small effect on the overall noise levels. Aside from a reduction of rotor tip speed, the most efficient tail rotor noise reduction concept involves changing the tail rotor direction of rotation from advancing side down to advancing side up.
An Electrochemical Microbubble-Based MEMS Pressure Sensor (2015)

A novel pressure transducer concept is introduced in which external pressure variations induce changes in the volume of a trapped microbubble (μB) in an electrolyte solution. These volumetric changes are monitored by electrochemical impedance-based measurements and may be used for pressure tracking applications. Microbubbles are nucleated on-demand by electrolysis within a confinement chamber with high precision (measured size RSD ~1%). This pressure transducer concept was developed specifically for operation in liquid environments and features biocompatible construction, small footprint (<;0.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), and low power consumption (<;1 nW). This combination of features is ideal for in vivo pressure monitoring applications.
DNA damage responses in ageing (2019)

Ageing appears to be a nearly universal feature of life, ranging from unicellular microorganisms to humans. Longevity depends on the maintenance of cellular functionality, and an organism's ability to respond to stress has been linked to functional maintenance and longevity. Stress response pathways might indeed become therapeutic targets of therapies aimed at extending the healthy lifespan. Various progeroid syndromes have been linked to genome instability, indicating an important causal role of DNA damage accumulation in the ageing process and the development of age-related pathologies. Recently, non-cell-autonomous mechanisms including the systemic consequences of cellular senescence have been implicated in regulating organismal ageing. We discuss here the role of cellular and systemic mechanisms of ageing and their role in ageing-associated diseases.
Effect of dietary supplementation with a fish oil concentrate on the alkenylacyl class of ethanolamine phospholipid in human platelets. (1989)

It has been demonstrated that the alkenylacyl class of ethanolamine phospholipid (PE) represents one of the major forms of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-containing phospholipid in the circulating platelets isolated from human subjects consuming a fish oil concentrate. Since the alkenylacyl PE from human platelets is enriched in the eicosanoid precursor arachidonic acid (AA) and the n-6 polyunsaturate adrenic acid (AdA), it was of interest to study changes in alkenylacyl PE fatty acid composition upon fish oil supplementation. Healthy volunteers were given 20 capsules of MaxEPA daily (3.6 g of EPA plus 2.4 g of docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) for 6 weeks followed by a 6-week recovery period. Washed platelet suspensions were prepared and the fatty acid compositions of the phospholipid components were evaluated by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography at weeks 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Fatty acid composition changes were more pronounced in the alkenylacyl PE than in other platelet phospholipids as a result of fish oil consumption. The alkenylacyl PE exhibited a greater drop (by 20.3 mol%, i.e., from 72.0 to 51.7 mol%) in AA than diacyl PE (by 1.6 mol%) or total (predominantly diacyl) choline phospholipids (PC) (by 4.5 mol%). In alkenylacyl PE, the predominant reservoir of AdA in human platelet phospholipid, a dramatic reduction in the level of AdA also resulted with MaxEPA supplementation (from 7.9 to 3.1 mol%); diacyl PE and total PC decreased by 0.6 and 0.3 mol%, respectively. With respect to the n-3 fatty acids, EPA rose by 12.5 mol% in alkenylacyl PE, compared to only 3.8 and 2.5 mol% in diacyl PE and total PC, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Method for producing aldehyde from CO.sub.2 (2015)

The invention provides recombinant microorganisms capable of producing isobutyraldehyde using CO.sub.2 as a carbon source. The invention further provides methods of preparing and using such microorganisms to produce isobutyraldehyde.
Dynamic simulation of tool-mediated texture interaction (2013)

Humans can feel fine surface details through a rigid probe by attending to the high-frequency vibrations caused by contact. To aid our efforts in creating realistic virtual textures, we sought to understand the dynamics of such interactions through a combination of data collection and offline simulation. A handheld probe was fitted with interchangeable hemispherical tool tips, accelerometers, a force sensor, and a magnetic motion tracker and then used to record interactions with a sinusoidal grating. We mathematically modeled this system using planar rigid-body dynamics, a lumped-parameter model of the human hand, an offset surface for collision detection, and Hertzian contact mechanics at the point(s) of interaction. Tuning the parameters of the hand enabled the simulation output to closely match the lateral and axial tool accelerations recorded at four combinations of tool tip size and tool speed.
Application of Fuzzy/Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set in Image Processing (2019)

This chapter discusses the application of fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy set theory in medical image processing. Different types of fuzzy membership functions, fuzzy operators, fuzzy measures, fuzzy integrals, and entropy are used in processing these images. Processing includes enhancement, segmentation, retrieval, clustering, and edge detection. There are two types of images – analog images and digital images. Preprocessing is required in almost all medical images. Enhancement increases the overall visual contrast of the image so that the image structures are more clear and distinguishable. The chapter also discusses few results on enhancement of medical images using fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy set theory. Segmentation is a fundamental building block in image analysis. Thresholding is a type of segmentation that is computationally fast and an inexpensive segmentation technique. Edge-based segmentation is a type of segmentation that determines the boundaries of the image regions such as organ structures/abnormalities in medical images.
23rd International Meshing Roundtable (IMR23) Adaptive and Unstructured Mesh Cleaving (2014)

We propose a new strategy for boundary conforming meshing that decouples the problem of building tetrahedra of proper size and shape from the problem of conforming to complex, non-manifold boundaries. This approach is motivated by the observation that while several methods exist for adaptive tetrahedral meshing, they typically have di culty at geometric boundaries. The proposed strategy avoids this conflict by extracting the boundary conforming constraint into a secondary step. We first build a background mesh having a desired set of tetrahedral properties, and then use a generalized stenciling method to divide, or “cleave”, these elements to get a set of conforming tetrahedra, while limiting the impacts cleaving has on element quality. In developing this new framework, we make several technical contributions including a new method for building graded tetrahedral meshes as well as a generalization of the isosurface stu ng and lattice cleaving algorithms to unstructured background meshes. c 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the 23rd International Meshing Roundtable (IMR23).
Concept of a current flow diverter for accelerating the normal zone propagation velocity in 2G HTS coated conductors (2014)

ABSTRACT: In this paper, we propose a slight change in the architecture of second generation (2G) high temperature superconductor (HTS) coated conductors (CCs), in order to accelerate their normal zone propagation velocity (NZPV) and reduce the probability of developing hot spots. The concept described in this work is to insert a highly resistive layer (called a ‘current flow diverter’, CFD) at the superconductor–stabilizer interface of the 2G HTS CC. The CFD partially covers this interface, so when a normal zone appears the current that transfers from the superconducting layer to the metallic (stabilizer) layers is forced to circumvent the CFD in order to follow the path of least resistance. This results in a significant increase of the current transfer length and a better spatial distribution of heat generation, that help in increasing the NZPV. According to the numerical model developed in this paper, the CFD architecture allows us to obtain NZPV values of more than 20 m s−1, which is approximately two orders of magnitude faster than what has been measured so far on commercially available 2G HTS CCs. Furthermore, our calculations reveal that, for the same value of interfacial resistance, a tape with the CFD architecture can exhibit an NZPV more than 40 times higher than in the case of a similar tape with a uniform interfacial resistance.