gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ARCHER (2003)

Memory corruption errors lead to non-deterministic, elusive crashes. This paper describes ARCHER (ARray CHeckER) a static, effective memory access checker. ARCHER uses path-sensitive, interprocedural symbolic analysis to bound the values of both variables and memory sizes. It evaluates known values using a constraint solver at every array access, pointer dereference, or call to a function that expects a size parameter. Accesses that violate constraints are flagged as errors. Those that are exploitable by malicious attackers are marked as security holes.Memory corruption errors lead to non-deterministic, elusive crashes. This paper describes ARCHER (ARray CHeckER) a static, effective memory access checker. ARCHER uses path-sensitive, interprocedural symbolic analysis to bound the values of both variables and memory sizes. It evaluates known values using a constraint solver at every array access, pointer dereference, or call to a function that expects a size parameter. Accesses that violate constraints are flagged as errors. Those that are exploitable by malicious attackers are marked as security holes.We carefully designed ARCHER to work well on large bodies of source code. It requires no annotations to use (though it can use them). Its solver has been built to be powerful in the ways that real code requires, while backing off on the places that were irrelevant. Selective power allows it to gain efficiency while avoiding classes of false positives that arise when a complex analysis interacts badly with statically undecidable program properties. ARCHER uses statistical code analysis to automatically infer the set of functions that it should track --- this inference serves as a robust guard against omissions, especially in large systems which can have hundreds of such functions.In practice ARCHER is effective: it finds many errors; its analysis scales to systems of millions of lines of code and the average false positive rate of our results is below 35%. We have run ARCHER over several large open source software projects --- such as Linux, OpenBSD, Sendmail, and PostgreSQL --- and have found errors in all of them (118 in the case of Linux, including 21 security holes).
Analysis of Intraviral Protein-Protein Interactions of the SARS Coronavirus ORFeome (2020)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome is predicted to encode 14 functional open reading frames, leading to the expression of up to 30 structural and non-structural protein products. The functions of a large number of viral ORFs are poorly understood or unknown. In order to gain more insight into functions and modes of action and interaction of the different proteins, we cloned the viral ORFeome and performed a genome-wide analysis for intraviral protein interactions and for intracellular localization. 900 pairwise interactions were tested by yeast-two-hybrid matrix analysis, and more than 65 positive non-redundant interactions, including six self interactions, were identified. About 38% of interactions were subsequently confirmed by CoIP in mammalian cells. Nsp2, nsp8 and ORF9b showed a wide range of interactions with other viral proteins. Nsp8 interacts with replicase proteins nsp2, nsp5, nsp6, nsp7, nsp8, nsp9, nsp12, nsp13 and nsp14, indicating a crucial role as a major player within the replication complex machinery. It was shown by others that nsp8 is essential for viral replication in vitro, whereas nsp2 is not. We show that also accessory protein ORF9b does not play a pivotal role for viral replication, as it can be deleted from the virus displaying normal plaque sizes and growth characteristics in Vero cells. However, it can be expected to be important for the virus-host interplay and for pathogenicity, due to its large number of interactions, by enhancing the global stability of the SARS proteome network, or play some unrealized role in regulating protein-protein interactions. The interactions identified provide valuable material for future studies.
Near‐Infrared Activated Black Phosphorus as a Nontoxic Photo‐Oxidant for Alzheimer's Amyloid‑β Peptide (2019)

The inhibition of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation by photo-oxygenation has become an effective way of treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). New near-infrared (NIR) activated treatment agents, which not only possess high photo-oxygenation efficiency, but also show low biotoxicity, are urgently needed. Herein, for the first time, it is demonstrated that NIR activated black phosphorus (BP) could serve as an effective nontoxic photo-oxidant for amyloid-β peptide in vitro and in vivo. The nanoplatform BP@BTA (BTA: one of thioflavin-T derivatives) possesses high affinity to the Aβ peptide due to specific amyloid selectivity of BTA. Importantly, under NIR light, BP@BTA can significantly generate a high quantum yield of singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> ) to oxygenate Aβ, thereby resulting in inhibiting the aggregation and attenuating Aβ-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, BP could finally degrade into nontoxic phosphate, which guarantees the biosafety. Using transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans CL2006 as AD model, the results demonstrate that the <sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> -generation system could dramatically promote life-span extension of CL2006 strain by decreasing the neurotoxicity of Aβ.
Familial Aggregation of Epilepsy and Clef ting Disorders: A Review of the Literature (1990)

Nine studies have attempted to address the issue of whether familial aggregation of epilepsy and clefting disorders exists. This is an important issue as a genetic predisposition to clefting among relatives of individuals with epilepsy could potentiate any teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The summary relative risk estimate derived from published studies does not show that epilepsy and clefting disorders aggregate in families. Rather, these studies suggest that the clefting abnormalities in offspring of women with epilepsy receiving AEDs are most likely related to a teratogenic effect of these medications.
Identification of a class of linear models with nonlinearly varying parameters (1999)

A novel class of hybrid linear/nonlinear models is proposed for nonlinear identification purposes and a specific parameter tuning algorithm is presented. The connections between this model class and the Local Model Network family are outlined. Finally, the capabilities of this model in identification problems is outlined by means of simulations.
Synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanocrystals for Use in Low-Cost Photovoltaics (2009)

Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) (CZTS) is a promising new material for thin-film solar cells. Nanocrystal dispersions, or solar paints, present an opportunity to significantly reduce the production cost of photovoltaic devices. This communication demonstrates the colloidal synthesis of CZTS nanocrystals and their use in fabricating prototype solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 0.23% under AM 1.5 illumination.
Extraction of curved lines from images (1996)

A method to extract curvilinear structures and their widths from digital images is presented. The approach is based on differential geometric properties of the image function. For each pixel, the second order Taylor polynomial is computed by convolving the image with the derivatives of a Gaussian smoothing kernel. Line points are required to have a vanishing gradient and a high curvature in the direction perpendicular to the line. The resulting filter generates a single response for each line. The line position can be determined with sub-pixel accuracy and the algorithm scales to lines of arbitrary width. A procedure to determine the width of the lines is described. It is based on locating the corresponding edge points of each line point in the direction perpendicular to the line with sub-pixel accuracy.
Figure S5 from A Multipronged Unbiased Strategy Guides the Development of an Anti-EGFR/EPHA2–Bispecific Antibody for Combination Cancer Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Fig. S5. A. Heatmap of the BioID hits that are enriched in the top 15 GO processes based onGSEA software. B. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis plots of the top 15 GO process for the BioIDdata produced by GSEA software used to generate the heatmap in A.&lt;/p&gt;
La dimensión internacional de la crisis económica (2012)

La crisis economica internacional es el resultado de la globalizacion financiera derivada de la
solucion a la crisis de produccion de los anos setenta. El proceso de reestructuracion de las
economias mas desarrolladas se hizo posible a traves de fortalecimiento del mercado financiero en las relaciones economicas internacionales y la creciente apertura de todas las economias nacionales. A este proceso se ha sumado la aceleracion de los cambios tecnologicos. Se esta pues ante una triple crisis que afecta a las finanzas, a la produccion y al empleo, y a las relaciones internacionales. Las tres deberan de abordarse simultaneamente si se busca una cierta estabilidad economica internacional.
Enhancement of disturbance‐rejection performance of uncertain input‐delay systems: a disturbance predictor approach (2018)

To suppress disturbances in uncertain tracking control systems with an input‐delay, a disturbance predictor based on a high‐order generalised extended‐state observer is devised in this study. A smooth enough approximation of the disturbance is first made, then the approximation ahead of delay‐time is predicted. The construction of the disturbance predictor is based on a truncated Taylor polynomial. To facilitate the analysis and design of the closed‐loop control system, control gains for the nominal plant are designed in advance. Then the stability analysis for the closed‐loop system is conducted, which yields a robust stability condition. As the disturbance predictor takes into consideration the influence of the input‐delay, the presented method enables the enhancement of the disturbance‐rejection performance. Finally, comparisons of the developed method with major methods in this field are conducted to validate the developed method and to demonstrate its advantages.
Colposcopy (1976)

The main clinical value of colposcopy in modern gynecology is in the clinical diagnosis of patients with abnormal cytology. In colposcopically directed biopsies it is possible for an experienced colposcopist to sample with a high degree of accuracy the most advanced histopathologic changes. This significantly decreases the frequency of diagnostic conization. Colposcopy can efficiently select patients for outpatient treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, since it precisely defines the size and localization of epithelial changes. A new application of colposcopy is in the evaluation of young girls who have been exposed to stilbestrol in utero. In these patients colposcopy can improve the diagnosis of changes in cervical-vaginal epithelium.
Estimation of soil sorption coefficients of veterinary pharmaceuticals from soil properties (2006)

Environmental exposure assessment of veterinary pharmaceuticals requires estimating the sorption to soil. Soil sorption coefficients of three common, ionizable, antimicrobial agents (oxytetracycline [OTC], tylosin [TYL], and sulfachloropyridazine [SCP]) were studied in relation to the soil properties of 11 different soils. The soil sorption coefficient at natural pH varied from 950 to 7,200, 10 to 370, and 0.4 to 35 L/kg for OTC, TYL, and SCP, respectively. The variation increased by almost two orders of magnitude for OTC and TYL when pH was artificially adjusted. Separate soil properties (pH, organic carbon content, clay content, cation-exchange capacity, aluminum oxyhydroxide content, and iron oxyhydroxide content) were not able to explain more than half the variation observed in soil sorption coefficients. This reflects the complexity of the sorbent-sorbate interactions. Partial-least-squares (PLS) models, integrating all the soil properties listed above, were able to explain as much as 78% of the variation in sorption coefficients. The PLS model was able to predict the sorption coefficient with an accuracy of a factor of six. Considering the pH-dependent speciation, species-specific PLS models were developed. These models were able to predict species-specific sorption coefficients with an accuracy of a factor of three to four. However, the species-specific sorption models did not improve the estimation of sorption coefficients of species mixtures, because these models were developed with a reduced data set at standardized aqueous concentrations. In conclusion, pragmatic approaches like PLS modeling might be suitable to estimate soil sorption for risk assessment purposes.
Uncoupled Peptide Bond Vibrations in α-Helical and Polyproline II Conformations of Polyalanine Peptides (2005)

We examined the 204-nm UV resonance Raman (UVR) spectra of the polyproline II (PPII) and alpha-helical states of a 21-residue mainly alanine peptide (AP) in different H2O/D2O mixtures. Our hypothesis is that if the amide backbone vibrations are coupled, then partial deuteration of the amide N will perturb the amide frequencies and Raman cross sections since the coupling will be interrupted; the spectra of the partially deuterated derivatives will not simply be the sum of the fully protonated and deuterated peptides. We find that the UVR spectra of the AmIII and AmII' bands of both the PPII conformation and the alpha-helical conformation (and also the PPII AmI, AmI', and AmII bands) can be exactly modeled as the linear sum of the fully N-H protonated and N-D deuterated peptides. Negligible coupling occurs for these vibrations between adjacent peptide bonds. Thus, we conclude that these peptide bond Raman bands can be considered as being independently Raman scattered by the individual peptide bonds. This dramatically simplifies the use of these vibrational bands in IR and Raman studies of peptide and protein structure. In contrast, the AmI and AmI' bands of the alpha-helical conformation cannot be well modeled as a linear sum of the fully N-H protonated and N-D deuterated derivatives. These bands show evidence of coupling between adjacent peptide bond vibrations. Care must be taken in utilizing the AmI and AmI' bands for monitoring alpha-helical conformations since these bands are likely to change as the alpha-helical length changes and the backbone conformation is perturbed.
Improving Tumor‐to‐Background Contrast through Hydrophilic Tetrazines: The Construction of 18F‐Labeled PET Agents Targeting Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma (2020)

Bioorthogonal reactions have been widely used in the biomedical field. <sup>18</sup> F-TCO/Tetrazine ligation is the most reactive radiolabelled inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction, but its application had been limited due to modest contrast ratios of the resulting conjugates. Herein, we describe the use of hydrophilic tetrazines to improve tumor-to-background contrast of neurotensin receptor targeted PET agents. PET agents were constructed using a rapid Diels-Alder reaction of the radiolabeled trans-cyclooctene (<sup>18</sup> F-sTCO) with neurotensin (NT) conjugates of a 3,6-diaryltetrazine, 3-methyl-6-aryltetrazine, and a derivative of 3,6-di(2-hydroxyethyl)tetrazine. Although cell binding assays demonstrated all agents have comparable binding affinity, the conjugate derived from 3,6-di(2-hydroxyethyl)tetrazine demonstrated the highest tumor to muscle contrast, followed by conjugates of the 3-methyl-6-aryltetrazine and 3,6-diaryltetrazine.
Hierarchical guidance cues in the developing nervous system of C. elegans (1996)

During embryogenesis, the basic axon scaffold of the nervous system is formed by special axons that pioneer pathways between groups of cells. To find their way, the pioneer growth cones detect specific cues in their extracellular environment. One of these guidance cues is netrin. Observations and experimental manipulations in vertebrates and nematodes have shown that netrin is a bifunctional guidance cue that can simultaneously attract and repel axons. During the formation of this basic axon scaffold in Caenorhabditis elegans, the netrin UNC-6 is expressed by neuroglia and pioneer neurons, providing hierarchical guidance cues throughout the animal. Each cue has a characteristic role depending on the cell type, its position and the developmental stage. These roles include activities as global, decussation and labeled-pathway cues. This hierarchical model of UNC-6 netrin-mediated guidance suggests a method by which guidance cues can direct formation of basic axon scaffolds in developing nervous systems.
Relative inefficiency of soluble recombinant CD4 for inhibition of infection by monocyte-tropic HIV in monocytes and T cells. (1990)

Macrophages are major viral reservoirs in the brain, lungs, and lymph nodes of HIV-infected patients. But not all HIV isolates infect macrophages. The molecular basis for this restrictive target cell tropism and the mechanisms by which HIV infects macrophages are not well understood: virus uptake by CD4-dependent and -independent pathways have both been proposed. Soluble rCD4 (sCD4) binds with high affinity to gp 120, the envelope glycoprotein of HIV, and at relatively low concentrations (less than 1 microgram/ml) completely inhibits infection of many HIV strains in T cells or T cell lines. HTLV-IIIB infection of the H9 T cell line was completely inhibited by prior treatment of virus with 10 micrograms/ml sCD4: no p24 Ag or HIV-induced T cell syncytia were detected in cultures of H9 cells exposed to 1 x 10(4) TCID50 HTLV-IIIB in the presence of sCD4. Under identical conditions and at a 100-fold lower viral inoculum, 10 micrograms/ml sCD4 had little or no effect on infection of monocytes by any of six different HIV isolates by three different criteria: p24 Ag release, virus-induced cytopathic effects, and the frequency of infected cells that express HIV-specific mRNA. At 10- to 100-fold higher concentrations of sCD4, however, infection was completely inhibited. Monoclonal anti-CD4 also prevented infection of these same viral isolates in monocytes. The relative inefficiency of sCD4 for inhibition of HIV infection in monocytes was a property of the virion, not the target cell: HIV isolates that infect both monocytes and T cells required similarly high levels of sCD4 (100 to 200 micrograms/ml) for inhibition of infection. These data suggest that the gp120 of progeny HIV derived from macrophages interacts with sCD4 differently than that of virions derived from T cells. For both variants of HIV, however, the predominant mechanism of virus entry for infection is CD4-dependent.
Oxidation of Pyrroles with Benzoyl Peroxide (1973)

Upon treatment with benzoyl peroxide 1, N-substituted pyrroles 2 afforded 2-benzoyloxy-3 and 2,5-dibenzoyloqxypyrroles -4.N-Substituted pyrrole-2-carbinols 5 undergo --
Compaction dynamique des poudres céramiques (2006)

Les comprimés céramiques sont conventionnellement mis en forme par pressage uniaxial (pressage conventionnel) dans des matrices acier ou carbure. Les pressions de mise en forme sont toutefois limitées et il peut y avoir des gradients de densité dans certains cas. Récemment, une technique employée dans la métallurgie des poudres, la Compaction Grande Vitesse (CGV), a été utilisée pour la mise en forme d'objets céramiques. De fortes pressions (supérieures à 1 GPa) sont facilement atteintes pour des diamètres de matrice élevés (50mm) sans provoquer l'endommagement de l'équipement. Différentes poudres d'alumine (de différentes tailles de grain) sont formulées avec diverses phases organiques servant de liant et de plastifiant (PVA et PEG1500). Des essais conventionnels effectués avec ces poudres servent de référence à l'optimisation des paramètres clefs de la presse grande vitesse.
A spectrophotometric method for determination of glucose in blood serum. A freshman laboratory experiment for medically and biologically oriented students (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA spectrophotometric method for determination of glucose in blood serum. A freshman laboratory experiment for medically and biologically oriented studentsTerri L. Daines and Karen W. Morse Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 2, 126Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1976Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1976Published inissue 1 February 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ed053p126RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1541Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Six of the Best: Gene Expression Profiling in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, the Next Round (2004)

Advances in Anatomic Pathology: September 2004 - Volume 11 - Issue 5 - p 275 doi: 10.1097/01.pap.0000138139.81139.7d
Molecular Mechanisms of the Induction of IL-12 and Its Inhibition by IL-10 (1998)

Exogenously added IL-10 rapidly inhibited Staphylococcus aureus- or LPS-induced cytokine mRNA expression in human PBMCs and monocytes, with a maximal effect observed when IL-10 was added from 20 h before until 1 h after the addition of the inducers. Nuclear run-on assays revealed that the inhibition of IL-12 p40, IL-12 p35, and TNF-alpha was at the gene transcriptional level and that the addition of IL-10 to S. aureus- or LPS-treated PBMCs did not affect mRNA stability. The inhibitory activity of IL-10 was abrogated by cycloheximide (CHX), suggesting the involvement of a newly synthesized protein(s). The addition of CHX at 2 h before S. aureus or LPS also inhibited the accumulation of IL-12 p40 mRNA, but did not inhibit IL-12 p35 and TNF-alpha mRNA. This finding suggests that p40 transcription is regulated through a de novo synthesized protein factor(s), whereas the addition of CHX at 2 h after S. aureus activation caused superinduction of the IL-12 p40, IL-12 p35, and TNF-alpha genes. These results indicate that in human monocytes, the mechanism(s) of IL-10 suppression of both IL-12 p40 and IL-12 p35 genes is primarily seen at the transcriptional level, and that the induction of the IL-12 p40 and p35 genes have different requirements for de novo protein synthesis.
Raman gas-analyzer for analyzing environmental and technogenic gas media (2012)

The improvement of the sensitivity of the Raman gas-analyzer using a multireflection optical system and gas media compression has been studied. It was shown that both methods have a high efficiency. However, when gas is compressed, one must take into account the variations in position and form of Q branches for molecular vibrational bands and the variations in their differential cross sections. Methods for further improving the Raman gas analyzer sensitivity are given.
Rare case of metastatic liposarcoma to the thyroid gland and a review of the literature of metastatic sarcomas to the thyroid (2020)

Our case highlights the role of a patient's medical history when evaluating thyroid nodules to optimize accurate diagnosis, as liposarcomas do not typically metastasize to the thyroid. We also provide an updated review of the literature on all cases of metastatic sarcomas to the thyroid.