gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Operational Approach to the Acoustic Analogy Equations (2011)

Great progress has been made in the last sixty years in the study of the important problem of noise generated by the interaction of flow with stationary or mobile bodies such as occurs in jets, rotating blade propulsion machinery (propellers, turbofans helicopter rotors) and l a s tb u tn o tl e a s ti na i r c r a f ta ta l lr a n g e so ffl i g h ta n ds p e e d .A ni m p o r t a n tp a r to ft h i s progress was based on a rigorous theory known as the Acoustic Analogy initiated by Sir James Lighthill in (Lighthill, 1952) and (Lighthill, 1954).Lighthill considered a free flow, as for example with a jet engine, and the nonstationary fluctuations of the stream represented by a distribution of quadrupole sources in the same volume.The flow parameters such as the surface pressure and the Lighthill tensor T ij are assumed known from solving the aerodynamic problem in the region of sound generation or furnished by measurements.For the first time, this revealed a clear distinction between Aerodynamic Theory, meant to determine mainly the aerodynamic parameters as the lift and damping on the moving object (and also supplying the data for the noise determination) and the Aeroacoustic Theory needed for studying the noise produced, generally at large distances, by the flying (or moving) objects.A primary aim of the following is to show that by using an operational calculus based on the multidimensional Fourier Transform all the theory involved in obtaining the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings formula (Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings, 1969) can be performed using only classical mathematical analysis.Curle's contribution (Curle, 1955) is a formal solution of the Acoustic Analogy which takes stationary hard surfaces into consideration.The theory developed by Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) (Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings, 1969) is valid for aeroacoustic sources in relative motion with respect to a hard surface, as is the case in many technical applications for example in the automotive industry or in air travel.The calculation involves quadrupole, dipole and monopole terms.An important point is that FW-H theory, developed in (Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings, 1969) assumed that the boundary surface coincides with the physical body surface and is impenetrable.In both Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic theories the domain was the same: the infinite air domain external to the moving body.When the Aeroacoustic Theory was developed by Lighthill, Curle, Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings there were not a lot of experimental or theoretical data to be used as input to their aeroacoustic theoretical work.For this reason, they derived mainly qualitative results 3 www.intechopen.comAcoustic Waves -From Microdevices to Helioseismology www.intechopen.com How to referenceIn order to correctly reference this scholarly work, feel free
An Efficient Oxidation of Primary Azides Catalyzed by Copper Iodide: A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Nitriles (2010)

Sehr unterschiedliche primäre Azide werden in wässriger Lösung durch tert-Butylhydroperoxid (TBHP) unter CuI-Katalyse effizient zu den entsprechenden Nitrilen oxidiert. Eine Vielzahl von oxidierbaren funktionellen Gruppen wird unter den Reaktionsbedingungen toleriert. Die Oxidation sekundärer Azide führt zu Ketonen. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Bayesian Inference Based Uncertainty Quantification and Calibration of Numerical Models of Existing Structures (2013)

This paper presents the Bayesian inference based model calibration strategy for constructing validated numerical models of the existing structures. There exist uncertain changes in the model parameters, such as material properties and boundary conditions, from the nominal condition due to deteriorations or possible damages in the existing structures. The target in this study was the dynamic analysis model of an existing bridge, and the model calibration procedure was applied by using measured resonant frequencies as the comparative feature. It was then shown that the meaningful posterior distributions cannot be obtained without the appropriate prior distribution setting based on the engineering judgments. The numerical modelwas then successfully calibrated by using themeaningful posterior distributions.
A novel criterion for block matching motion estimation (2002)

In very-low-bit-rate coding, the amount of bits needed to encode motion vectors (MV) also takes an important portion of the coded bit stream. A novel criterion for block matching motion estimation is presented in this paper, which gives a good balance between the motion compensation and motion vector length. Compared to the widely used SAD (sum of absolute difference)/MSE (mean square error)-only criterion in block-based video coding systems, the modified SAD/MSE criterion can provide shorter coded bits in overall coding performance under constant image quality.
Augmented Reality in the Classroom (2012)

Evaluations of AR experiences in an educational setting provide insights into how this technology can enhance traditional learning models and what obstacles stand in the way of its broader use. A related video can be seen here: http://youtu.be/ndUjLwcBIOw. It shows examples of augmented reality experiences in an educational setting.
Towards Compositional Feedback in Non-Deterministic and Non-Input-Receptive Systems (2016)

Feedback is an essential composition operator in many classes of reactive and other systems. This paper studies feedback in the context of compositional theories with refinement. Such theories allow to reason about systems on a component-by-component basis, and to characterize substitutability as a refinement relation. Although compositional theories of feedback do exist, they are limited either to deterministic systems (functions) or input-receptive systems (total relations). In this work we propose a compositional theory of feedback which applies to non-deterministic and non-input-receptive systems (e.g., partial relations). To achieve this, we use the semantic frameworks of predicate and property transformers, and relations with fail and unknown values. We show how to define instantaneous feedback for stateless systems and feedback with unit delay for stateful systems. Both operations preserve the refinement relation, and both can be applied to non-deterministic and non-input-receptive systems.
Compact QPSK and PAM Modulators With Si Photonic Crystal Slow-Light Phase Shifters (2016)

We demonstrate quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation and four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (4-PAM) in Si Mach-Zehnder modulators whose phase shifter length is reduced to 300 μm by the slow-light effect in photonic crystal lattice-shifted waveguides and increased modal overlap with interleaved p-n junctions. The QPSK constellation patterns were observed up to 15 Gbaud (30 Gb/s) with an error-vector magnitude of <;20% and 28 Gbaud (56 Gb/s) using an RF equalizer filter. In the 4-PAM, four separate eyes were observed up to 15 Gbaud (30 Gb/s). Improving the modulation efficiency and frequency bandwidth and suppressing the insertion loss may deliver practical modulator performance.
Gastrointestinal Findings in the Largest Series of Patients With Hereditary Biallelic Mismatch Repair Deficiency Syndrome: Report from the International Consortium (2016)

The prevalence and penetrance of GI neoplasia in children with BMMRD is high, with rapid development of carcinoma. Colorectal and small bowel surveillance should commence at ages 3-5 and 8 years, respectively.
A phase-separation kinetic model for coke formation (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA phase-separation kinetic model for coke formationIrwin A. WieheCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 11, 2447–2454Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00023a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00023a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1852Altmetric-Citations288LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conservative treatment of L‐asparaginase‐associated lipid abnormalities in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2010)

Abnormalities of lipid profile in children with ALL during asparaginase therapy are relatively common. We recommend measuring TG before and during asparaginase treatment. Initiation of conservative treatment could prevent further increase of TG and decrease the risk of potential complications.
Aquaporin-4 expression in the cerebrospinal fluid in congenital human hydrocephalus (2013)

AQP4 has a modulatory effect on ependyma stability and acts in CSF production and reabsorption. Therefore, the increase of AQP4 in the CSF in congenital hydrocephalus could be due to the fact that AQP4 passes from the parenchyma to the CSF and this AQP4 movement may be a consequence of ependyma denudation.
British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (1997)

The arguments for and against minimizing HLA antigen mismatching in clinical transplantation have been debated for the past 30 years (Terasaki & Cecka, 1994), but at least two major kidney exchange programmes (EURO- and UK-Transplant), with waiting lists totalling 17 thousand patients, prioritize the least HLA mismatched recipients. In the USA, in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) zero HLA-A,-B, DR mismatch for exchange of kidneys is mandatory. There is now a clear understanding of the in vivo function of HLA molecules, which have a central role in antigen presentation to T cells and thus initiate the immune response both in the normal individual and in transplant recipients. In the latter case, direct recognition of foreign HLA molecules by recipient T cells is also possible (Shoskes & Wood, 1994). With such a clear understanding of the central functional role for HLA in the immune response, it is not surprising that reports of increased kidney transplant survival correlate with reduced HLA mismatching, and it is of concern that some centres choose to allocate kidneys for transplant ignoring HLA. Reports of benefits of minimizing HLA mismatching in heart (Smith et al., 1995) and lung (Iwaki et al., 1993) transplantation are limited to retrospective studies, and no centre has claimed to allocate these organs taking HLA mismatch into account. Consequently, HLA mismatched thoracic organ transplants predominate, but nevertheless recipients of completely mismatched organs have decreased survivals (Opelz & Wujciak, 1994) and more rejection (Baan et al., 1991; Jarcho et al., 1994). Since transplantation of hearts and lungs is essentially only effective on one occasion, all effort should be made to maximize survival and incorporation of HLA mismatches in allocation criteria for these organs is now overdue (Disesa et al., 1990; Morris, 1994). In this brief review we choose not to cover the extensive literature on the role of HLA mismatching in organ transplantation, but consider the field at the present time with particular emphasis on realistic, practical application of HLA typing to the clinical situation and, in particular, the development of allocation procedures that will best suit the needs of individual patients.
Identification of copy number variations and translocations in cancer cells from Hi-C data (2017)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Poly(ADP)-Ribosylation Inhibition: A Promising Approach for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Therapy (2021)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and glycohydrolase (PARG) enzymes regulate chromatin structure, transcription activation, and DNA repair by modulating poly(ADP-ribose) (pADPr) level. Interest in PARP-1 inhibitors has soared recently with the recognition of their antitumor efficacy. We have shown that the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is associated with extreme accumulation of pADPr caused by the enhanced expression of PARP-1 and decreased PARG levels. The most severe misregulation of pADPr turnover is found in ccRCC specimens from metastatic lesions. Both, classical NAD-like and non-NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors reduced viability and clonogenic potential of ccRCC cell lines and suppressed growth of ccRCC xenograft tumors. However, classical NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors affected viability of normal kidney epithelial cells at high concentrations, while novel non-NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors exhibited activity against malignant cells only. We have also utilized different approaches to reduce the pADPr level in ccRCC cells by stably overexpressing PARG and demonstrated the prominent antitumor effect of this "back-to-normal" intervention. We also generated ccRCC cell lines with stable overexpression of PARG under doxycycline induction. This genetic approach demonstrated significantly affected malignancy of ccRCC cells. Transcriptome analysis linked observed phenotype with changes in gene expression levels for lipid metabolism, interferon signaling, and angiogenesis pathways along with the changes in expression of key cancer-related genes.
Selective Increase of the Contractile Response to Endothelin-1 in Subcutaneous Arteries from Patients with Essential Hypertension (1999)

Endothelin-1 has been shown to contribute to basal vascular tone in man. Since endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor putatively involved in hypertension, we have compared the contractile responses of endothelin-1 and noradrenaline in relation to potassium chloride in subcutaneous resistance arteries from subjects with established essential hypertension with matched controls. Furthermore, with RT-PCR, the occurrence of mRNA for the ETA and ET(B) receptors was shown in the tunica media layer of subcutaneous arteries in controls and hypertensives. The maximum contractile response to endothelin-1 was significantly higher in the subcutaneous arteries of the hypertensives (by 88% with no change in potency) as compared to controls. The responses to noradrenaline, acetylcholine and potassium chloride did not differ between the groups. This selective increase in the contractile response to endothelin-1 might contribute to the development of essential hypertension.
IV.G.2 Sulfur-Iodine Thermochemical Cycle (2009)

Objectives • Evaluate the potential of the sulfur-iodine (S-I) thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production using nuclear energy • Perform flowsheet analyses to evaluate S-I cycle process alternatives and cycle efficiency • Design and construct lab scale experiments to demonstrate the three major process reactions of the S-I cycle • Perform an integrated lab scale experiment to demonstrate closed-loop operation of the S-I cycle. • Provide the technical basis for a 500 kW pilot scale experiment
#Exploration: A Study of Count-Based Exploration for Deep Reinforcement\n Learning (2016)

Count-based exploration algorithms are known to perform near-optimally when\nused in conjunction with tabular reinforcement learning (RL) methods for\nsolving small discrete Markov decision processes (MDPs). It is generally\nthought that count-based methods cannot be applied in high-dimensional state\nspaces, since most states will only occur once. Recent deep RL exploration\nstrategies are able to deal with high-dimensional continuous state spaces\nthrough complex heuristics, often relying on optimism in the face of\nuncertainty or intrinsic motivation. In this work, we describe a surprising\nfinding: a simple generalization of the classic count-based approach can reach\nnear state-of-the-art performance on various high-dimensional and/or continuous\ndeep RL benchmarks. States are mapped to hash codes, which allows to count\ntheir occurrences with a hash table. These counts are then used to compute a\nreward bonus according to the classic count-based exploration theory. We find\nthat simple hash functions can achieve surprisingly good results on many\nchallenging tasks. Furthermore, we show that a domain-dependent learned hash\ncode may further improve these results. Detailed analysis reveals important\naspects of a good hash function: 1) having appropriate granularity and 2)\nencoding information relevant to solving the MDP. This exploration strategy\nachieves near state-of-the-art performance on both continuous control tasks and\nAtari 2600 games, hence providing a simple yet powerful baseline for solving\nMDPs that require considerable exploration.\n
Neuronal Desynchronization as a Trigger for Seizure Generation (2008)

Experimental reports have appeared which challenge the dogma that epileptic seizures arise as a consequence of neuronal hypersynchronization. We sought to explore what mechanisms that desynchronize neuronal firing could induce epileptic seizures. A computer model of connections in a mammalian hippocampal slice preparation was constructed including two recently-reported distinct inhibitory feedback circuits. When inhibition by interneurons that synapse on pyramidal dendrites was decreased, highly localized seizure-like bursting was observed in the CA3 region similar to that which occurs experimentally under GABAergic blockade. In contrast, when inhibition by interneurons that synapse in the axosomatic region was similarly decreased, no such bursting was observed. However, when this transient inhibition was increased, normal coordinated spread of excitation was interrupted by high-frequency localized seizure-like bursting. The increase of this inhibitory input resulted in decreased cell coupling of pyramidal neurons. A decrease in phase coherence was initially observed until seizure-like activity initiated causing a net increase in coherence as has been observed in epileptic patients. These results provide a possible pathway in which a decrease in synchronization could provide the trigger for inducing epileptiform activity.
Selective T-cell ablation with bismuth-213–labeled anti-TCRαβ as nonmyeloablative conditioning for allogeneic canine marrow transplantation (2003)

Abstract Two major immunologic barriers, the host-versus-graft (HVG) and graft-versus-host (GVH) reactions, have to be overcome for successful allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. T cells were shown to be primarily involved in these barriers in the major histocompatibility complex identical setting. We hypothesized that selective ablation of T cells using radioimmunotherapy together with postgrafting immunosuppression would suffice to ensure stable allogeneic engraftment. We had described a canine model of nonmyeloablative marrow transplantation in which host immune reactions were impaired by a single dose of 200 cGy total body irradiation (TBI), and both GVH and residual HVG reactions were controlled by postgrafting immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and cyclosporine (CSP). Here, we substituted the α-emitter bismuth-213 (213Bi) linked to a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against T-cell receptor (TCR) αβ, using the metal-binding chelate diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) derivative cyclohexyl–(CHX)-A″, for 200 cGy TBI. Biodistribution studies using a γ-emitting indium-111–labeled anti-TCRαβ mAb showed uptake primarily in blood, marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. Four dogs were treated with 0.13 to 0.46 mg/kg TCRαβ mAb labeled with 3.7 to 5.6 mCi/kg (137-207 MBq/kg) 213Bi. The treatment was administered in 6 injections on days –3 and –2 followed by transplantation of dog leukocyte antigen-identical marrow on day 0 and postgrafting immunosuppression with MMF/CSP. The therapy was well tolerated except for elevations of transaminases that were transient in all but one of the dogs. No other organ toxicities or signs of graft-versus-host disease were noted. The dogs had prompt allogeneic hematopoietic engraftment and achieved stable mixed donor-host hematopoietic chimerism with donor contributions ranging from 5% to 55% after more than 30 weeks of follow up.
Analysis of tower/blade interaction in the cancellation of the tower fore-aft mode via control (2004)

With the increase in size of wind turbines, there is increasing interest in exploiting the pitch control capability of variable speed turbines to alleviate tower fatigue loads. The most direct method is to modify the blade pitch angle in response to a measurement of tower acceleration. It is shown that the ap mode has a central role in determining whether this approach is effective since there is a strong interaction between the blade ap-wise mode and the tower fore-aft mode. Several different approaches to the design of the controller for the tower speed feedback loop are investigated. It is concluded that a reduction in the tower loads of up to 18% is possible for multi-megawatt sized wind turbines.
Photo zoom (2010)

We present a system to automatically construct high resolution images from an unordered set of low resolution photos. It consists of an automatic preprocessing step to establish correspondences between any given photos. The user may then choose one image and the algorithm automatically creates a higher resolution result, several octaves larger up to the desired resolution. Our recursive creation scheme allows to transfer specific details at subpixel positions of the original image. It adds plausible details to regions not covered by any of the input images and eases the acquisition for large scale panoramas spanning different resolution levels.