gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Where we are in light source performance; Where we sould like to get (1996)

The 117-year history of the electric lighting industry has witnessed dramatic increases in light source performance, from 2-3 lumens of light per electrical watt of power input for Edison`s carbon-filament incandescent lamp to 100+ lumens per watt for electric discharge sources today. Performance improvement has been in the main episodic rather than continuous, marked by factor-two (or more) increases over prior devices upon introduction of totally new light sources. Unfortunately, no such dramatically-new light sources have been discovered in the last quarter-century. This raises the question whether the industry has reached a thermodynamic limit. In this presentation, the author discusses the twin components of light source efficacy; efficiency of conversion of electric power to radiant power, and the optimization of spectral power distribution of that radiant power to produce the maximum luminous flux consistent with {open_quotes}white light{close_quotes}. That is, light including sufficiently diverse wavelengths to illuminate satisfactorily objects of any color, while sufficiently concentrated in regions of maximum eye sensitivity to produce maximum luminous flux. Maximum efficiency of conversion of electric power to radiant power presently obtained is about 70%. Maximum luminous efficacy of the optimum visible spectrum is about 300 lumens per radiant watt. If these existed in themore » same product, it would have an efficacy of 200 lumens per electrical watt, about double the best presently obtained. Thus it would appear that no thermodynamic limit has been reached and at least one more doubling of light source efficacy is possible if someone is clever enough to discover it. A consortium funded by lamp manufacturers and the Electric Power Research Institute is being established to support extramural research seeking such a discovery. Independent participation and funding may also be available from Government funding agencies.« less
ChemInform Abstract: Lipophilic Propanediamines: New Building Blocks for Combinatorial Chemistry (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Approaching intraband relaxation rates in the high-speed modulation of semiconductor lasers (2004)

This paper uses a nonequilibrium semiconductor laser model to investigate high-modulation bandwidth operation in semiconductor lasers. In particular, limitations to /spl gsim/100GHz modulation response, which approaches the carrier-phonon scattering rate, are analyzed. It is found that plasma heating leads to a dynamic carrier population bottleneck, which limits scaling of modulation bandwidth. An optical injection scheme is proposed to verify this phenomenon experimentally.
Faraday Rotation Angle Measurement Based on Conoscopic Interference Pattern in Optical Current Transducer (2012)

A new method of measuring the Faraday rotation angle directly in optical current transducer (OCT) is proposed based on conoscopic interference pattern. The concept of conoscopic interference and isogyres is illustrated. The relationship between the isogyres angle Φ and the polarized plane rotation angle θcaused by the polarizer rotation is deduced to 2 θ= Φ. This rule can be used to measure the Faraday rotation angle in OCT according to the Faraday magneto-optic effect when a linear polarized light beam passing through a crystal and current magnetic field acting on it at the same time, the polarized plane will be rotated and the angle of isogyre will be changed. An experiment is designed to demonstrate the relationship between the coil current and the isogyre angle. CCD camera are used to capture the conoscopic interference pattern to measure the current of coils, the angle of isogyre is calculated by image processing technology. The measuring range is 18 times of traditional OCT. This experiment proves the relationship between the isogyres angle Φ and the polarized plane rotation angle θ, and the linear relationship between the current and the isogyre angle is realized.
Key management in the handover. Application to third generation mobile systems (2002)

The new advanced mobile communication systems are of increasing complexity. These third generation networks (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) according to ETSI or the Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication System (FPLMTS) according to ITU) present new and stricter requirements for the handover. This article describes the forward handover protocol in its execution phase along with the integration of the required security services (authentication, confidentiality, integrity) and the key management. Analysis of performances depending on different handover cases are presented along with conclusions.
Cortical chimera states predict epileptic seizures (2019)

A chimera state is a spatiotemporal pattern of broken symmetry, where synchrony (coherent state) and asynchrony (incoherent state) coexist. Here, we report chimera states in electrocorticography recordings preceding, by several hours, each of seven seizures in one patient with epilepsy. Before the seizures, the onset channels are not synchronized, while the remaining channels are synchronized. During the seizures, this pattern of behavior flips and the nononset channels show a more asynchronous behavior. At a seizure offset, synchrony can be observed that might facilitate termination.
Insertional mutagenesis by transposable elements in the mammalian genome (1993)

Several mammalian repetitive transposable genetic elements were characterized in recent years, and their role in mutagenesis is delineated in this review. Two main groups have been described: elements with symmetrical termini such as the murine IAP sequences and the human THE 1 elements and elements characterized by a poly-A rich tail at the 3' end such as the SINE and LINE sequences. The characteristic property of such mobile elements to spread and integrate in the host genome leads to insertional mutagenesis. Both germline and somatic mutations have been documented resulting from the insertion of the various types of mammalian repetitive transposable genetic elements. As foreseen by Barbara McClintock, such genetic events can cause either the activation or the inactivation of specific genes, resulting in their identification via an altered phenotype. Several disease states, such as hemophilia and cancer, are the result of this apparent aspect of genome instability.
Practical Solution of Gas-Flow Equations for Wells and Pipelines with Large Temperature Gradients (1956)

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Vol. 207, 1956, pages 281–287. Abstract Rigorous equations for calculating subsurface pressures in flowing and static gas wells, and pressures along horizontal pipelines are presented in this paper. These general equations, based on the mechanical energy balance, contain no assumptions regarding temperature and can be used with either straight-line or curved temperature gradients. The friction factors recommended in this report are based on an absolute roughness of 0.0006 in. Flow is always considered to be turbulent. Although these general flow equations are solved by numerical means, the methods are as convenient as many of those used today to calculate pressures in gas wells and pipelines. These numerical methods are illustrated for flowing and static columns of gas in wells and for flow in pipelines. The authors believe that the use of these methods will result in more accurately calculated pressures in gas wells and pipelines and that the methods are more flexible than any in use at the present time. Also, the methods are easily adaptable to automatic computers. Introduction The problem of calculating subsurface pressures in gas wells and along flowing pipelines has been studied by many investigators with the results that two widely used methods have been presented in technical literature. One approximates conditions in a gas well or pipeline by assuming that temperature and compressibility are constants for the entire gas column.
Heterologous Production of β-Caryophyllene and Evaluation of Its Activity against Plant Pathogenic Fungi (2021)

Terpenoids constitute one of the largest and most diverse groups within the class of secondary metabolites, comprising over 80,000 compounds. They not only exhibit important functions in plant physiology but also have commercial potential in the biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and agricultural sectors due to their promising properties, including various bioactivities against pathogens, inflammations, and cancer. In this work, we therefore aimed to implement the plant sesquiterpenoid pathway leading to β-caryophyllene in the heterologous host <i>Rhodobacter capsulatus</i> and achieved a maximum production of 139 ± 31 mg L<sup>-1</sup> culture. As this sesquiterpene offers various beneficial anti-phytopathogenic activities, we evaluated the bioactivity of β-caryophyllene and its oxygenated derivative β-caryophyllene oxide against different phytopathogenic fungi. Here, both compounds significantly inhibited the growth of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> by up to 40%, while growth of <i>Alternaria brassicicola</i> was only slightly affected, and <i>Phoma lingam</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> were unaffected. At the same time, the compounds showed a promising low inhibitory profile for a variety of plant growth-promoting bacteria at suitable compound concentrations. Our observations thus give a first indication that β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide are promising natural agents, which might be applicable for the management of certain plant pathogenic fungi in agricultural crop production.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents of Chinese Natural Medicine, Morindae Radix, the Dried Roots of Morinda officinalis How.: Structures of Morindolide and Morofficinaloside. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Toward Microwave S- and X-Parameter Approaches for the Characterization of Ferroelectrics for Applications in FeFETs and NCFETs (2019)

Ferroelectric and negative-capacitance field-effect transistors (FeFETs and NCFETs) have recently garnered great attention as devices for applications in memory and low-power logic, respectively. As these technologies are pursued, it is critical to have a variety of measurement approaches, including methods familiar to the electron-device and microwave communities that can aid in fully understanding the behavior of ferroelectrics in FeFETs and NCFETs. In this paper, we propose and show the viability of using frequency-domain electrical measurement techniques employing the well-known microwave S-parameters, and their large-signal generalization and X-parameters. Our methods provide the means to trace the intrinsic polarization versus electric-field curve of the ferroelectric, i.e., with the parasitics de-embedded, thereby showing the innate ferroelectric response, which cannot be done using conventional techniques. These methods also enable extraction of all the parameters of the Landau-Khalatnikov equation, which is commonly used to model ferroelectric behavior in FeFETs and NCFETs. This paper hence takes a useful step toward methods familiar to the electron-device community that can help to better understand and optimize FeFET and NCFET technologies.
Digital image correlation of metal nanofilms onSU-8 for flexible electronics and MEMS (2011)

This paper presents strain measurements using digital image correlation of common microelectronic metal nanofilms deposited onto a polymer substrate (SU-8), which has applications in flexible electronics and nano/microsystems reliability analysis. The novel experimental method is based on digital image correlation coupled with microtensile test apparatus for the in situ investigation of the deformation behaviour of the deposited thin films under uniaxial tensile loading. One of the key features of the method is the real-time two-dimensional strain field measurements on a bare thin film surface, during the deformation process, without any initial speckle or grid deposition. The outstanding performances of the method, having a spatial resolution of 0.7 µm, allow one to envisage further studies related to the understanding of the mechanical behaviour of such thin films and, in particular, the damage localization process.
A 2 GHz ΔΣ fractional-N frequency synthesizer in 0.35 µm CMOS (2000)

A 2 GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer for telecommunications applications is presented. The synthesizer includes a multiple-modulus CMOS prescaler capable of operating at input frequencies of up to 2.15 GHz with a power dissipation of 12.5 mW, a third-order MASH ΔΣ-modulator that controls the modulus of the prescaler, and a phase detector and chargepump that doesn't suffer from dead-zone problems. The synthesizer achieves a close-in phase noise of-79 dBc/Hz while dissipating only 22.6 mW from a 2.7 V supply. The synthesizer has been implemented in a 0.35 µm CMOS technology.
Abstract 180: Interleukin (IL) 16 Acts as a Regulator of Skin Electrolyte Metabolism and Blood Pressure (2012)

We showed that Na + is stored in the skin without commensurate water retention. In response to interstitial electrolyte load, mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) cells secrete VEGF C, as regulated by tonicity enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) attaching to the VEGF C promoter. VEGF C induces hyperplasia of skin lymphcapillaries. As IL16 harbors a TonEBP binding site, we tested the hypothesis that IL16 participates in this process. We cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages in isotonic or hypertonic cell culture media and measured IL16 expression. We fed male FVB mice a low salt diet (LSD; &lt; 0.1% NaCl + tap) or a high salt diet (HSD; 4% NaCl + 0.9% saline) for two weeks. We treated the groups with either IL16 specific antibodies or no antibody. After two weeks we measured mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), skin Na + , Cl - , and water content (rSKNa, rSKCl, rSKW), quantified lymphcapillary density, VEGF C and TonEBP expression. IL16 was specifically secreted from macrophages in response to hypertonicity in vitro . HSD increased skin electrolytes, activated TonEBP/VEGF C, and resulted in lymphcapillary hyperplasia. Anti IL16 treatment under LSD increased skin electrolyte, water content and MAP. The IL16 antibody blunted the VEGF C driven lymphcapillary response despite salt load. No differences in skin electrolytes and MAP were found between IL16 antibody treated and untreated mice after HSD. We conclude that IL16 is a regulator of electrolyte and water metabolism and MAP, even in the absence of HSD. The finding that the IL16 promoter contains a TonEBP binding site suggests that IL16 could act as an osmoprotective gene that is involved in regulation of electrolyte homeostasis and MAP control.
Performance analysis of MMSE receivers for DS-CDMA in frequency-selective fading channels (2000)

The performance of the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) receiver for the detection of direct sequence code division multiple access is considered in various fading channel models. Several modifications to the basic MMSE receiver structure which have been previously proposed for use on nonselective fading channels are reviewed and shown to represent different approximations to a single common form. The performance of this general structure is analyzed as well as various extensions suitable for frequency-selective fading channels. Particular attention is given to the performance advantage gained through knowledge of the fading parameters of the various transmission paths of each user's signal. It is shown that having this knowledge is not particularly useful on a flat fading channel unless the loading is very heavy and even then the difference in performance is only minimal. On the other hand, having this knowledge is crucial in a multipath fading channel and the inability to learn the fading channel parameters will lead to substantial degradation in capacity. A heuristic explanation to support this result based on a dimensionality argument is also presented.
Localization of the gene encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase to human chromosome 5. (1986)

A series of hybrids between primary human cells and a Chinese hamster somatic cell mutant (Mev-1), defective in expression of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase [(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA acetoacetyl-CoA-lyase (CoA-acetylating, EC 4.1.3.5], has been prepared that complements the mutant defect. A technique based on differential sensitivity of this enzyme activity to inhibition by magnesium ion is described that allows the discrimination of expression of human and hamster HMG-CoA synthase in these hybrids. The results indicate a structural gene defect in expression of HMG-CoA synthase activity in Mev-1 cells. Segregation of human chromosomes that do not possess the complementing marker have allowed the assignment of human HMG-CoA synthase activity to chromosome 5. This is the second demonstrably transcriptionally regulated enzyme of cholesterologenesis to be assigned to chromosome 5, the other being HMG-CoA reductase.
Neuromorphic processor for real-time biosonar object detection (2002)

Real-time classification of objects from active sonar echo-location requires a tremendous amount of computation, yet bats and dolphins perform this task effortlessly. To bridge the gap between human-engineered and biosonar system performance, we developed special-purpose hardware tailored to the parallel distributed nature of the computation performed in biology. The implemented architecture contains a cochlear filterbank front-end performing time-frequency feature extraction, and a kernel-based neural classifier for object detection. Based on analog programmable components, the front-end can be configured as a parallel or cascaded bandpass filterbank of up to 34 channels spanning the 10 to 150 kHz range. The classifier is implemented with the Kerneltron, a massively parallel mixed-signal Support Vector “Machine” in silicon delivering a throughput in excess of a trillion (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> ) multiply-accumulates per second for every Watt of power dissipation. The system has been evaluated on detection of mine-like objects using linear frequency modulation active sonar data (LFM2, CSS Panamy City), achieving an out-or-sample performance of 93% correct single-ping detection at 5% false positives, and a real-time throughput of 250 pings per second.
Parallel Computing Experiences with CUDA (2008)

The CUDA programming model provides a straightforward means of describing inherently parallel computations, and NVIDIA's Tesla GPU architecture delivers high computational throughput on massively parallel problems. This article surveys experiences gained in applying CUDA to a diverse set of problems and the parallel speedups over sequential codes running on traditional CPU architectures attained by executing key computations on the GPU.
History and Features of Medaka (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: History Phylogeny Advantage of Medaka as a Model Fish
Emergency treatment of male blunt urethral trauma in China: Outcome of different methods in comparison with other countries (2017)

Treatment of male urethral trauma is always a challenging problem. In China, as the incidence of urethral trauma keeps rising, more and more studies relating to this are being published. To compare the outcome of different emergency treatments in China and other countries, we searched Chinese and English literature about this topic in the past 16 years. A total of 167 studies involving 5314 patients were included, with 144 in Chinese and 23 in English. All studies were retrospective in nature. Based on the analyses, surgical methods include open realignment, endoscopic realignment and primary repair, and we summarized and compared the success rate and complications (mainly erectile dysfunction and incontinence) of each method. We found that realignment of posterior urethra has similar success rate in China and other countries, but the outcome of realignment of anterior urethra is variable. The reason remains unknown. While long abandoned in Western countries, primary repair of anterior urethra is still an option in China and has high success rate.
Negative‐Index Materials: New Frontiers in Optics (2006)

Abstract A lot of recent interest has been focused on a new class of materials, the so‐called left‐handed materials (LHMs) or negative‐index materials, which exhibit highly unusual electromagnetic properties and hold promise for new device applications. These materials do not exist in nature and can only be fabricated artificially; for this reason, they are called metamaterials. Their unique properties are not determined by the fundamental physical properties of their constituents, but rather by the shape and distribution of the specific patterns included in them. Metamaterials can be designed to exhibit both electric and magnetic resonances that can be separately tuned to occur in frequency bands from megahertz to terahertz frequencies, and hopefully to the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This article presents a short history of the field, describes the underlying physics, and reviews the experimental and theoretical status of the field at present. Many interesting questions on how to fabricate more isotropic LHMs, on how to push the operational frequency to optical wavelengths, how to reduce the losses, and how to incorporate active or nonlinear materials in LHMs remain to be explored further.
Induction of Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo Caused by FTY720 Treatment (2003)

FTY720 treatment may induce selective apoptosis in vitro as well as in vivo in cancer cells. We suggest that FTY720 is a potent and clinically applicable anticancer agent for bladder cancer.
Comparison of Charlson comorbidity index and Kaplan–Feinstein index in patients with stage I lung cancer after surgical resection (2007)

Patients with CCI>or=2 had higher perioperative mortality and death from non-cancer causes after surgery compared to patients with CCI<2. However, KFI score had no impact on operative mortality and non-cancer death during follow-up.
[Magnesium and the oxidative stress]. (2012)

Magnesium deficiency has been shown to result in alterations of cellular functions and biological activity of molecules. The review discusses possible relationship between Mg2+ deficiency and development of oxidative stress. Decrease of Mg2+ concentration in tissues and blood is accompanied with elevation of the oxidative stress markers, including products of the oxidative modification of lipids, proteins and DNA. The reduction in antioxidant defenses is synchronous with oxidative stress markers elevation. Different mechanisms including systemic reactions (hyperactivation of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction) and cellular changes (mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive production of fatty acids) are supposed to be involved in development and maintenance of the oxidative stress due to Mg2+ deficiency. Therefore the facts consolidated into the review evidence clear relation between Mg2+ deficiency and the oxidative stress development.