gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INFRARED CAVITY RINGDOWN LASER ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (IR-CRLAS) OF JET-COOLED WATER CLUSTERS (1996)

Bio-inspired supramolecular self-assembly have been widely explored in biomedical engineering, especially in the field of drug delivery. Here, viral capsid analogue pH-Sensitive polymeric micelles HA-Hyd-DOX were reported, where natural polysacarrides hyaluronic acid (HA) and anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX), were linked through a hydrazone bond with a high drug loading content of 33.09 wt%. The polymeric micelles look like artificial virus capsids from "core-shell" structures. In addition, the polymeric backbone HA and hydrazone bonds were destroyed in the presence of hyaluronidase in cancer cells and under the acidic conditions of pH = 5 respectively, thereby prodrug-based polymeric micelles could penetrate into the tumor and DOX could be released in lysosomes to enhance anticancer efficacy. With the comparison of typical prodrug-based polymeric micelles mPEG-Hyd-DOX system where DOX was linked to methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) with a hydrazone bond linkage, HA-Hyd-DOX showed greater inhibition to cancer cells due to the better penetration. Such viral capsids mimicking polymeric micelles provided some remarkable benefits for drug delivery, including, high drug loading efficiency, controlled drug release and excellent biodegradable.
A Distributed Architecture for Management and Retrieval of Extended Points of Interest (2005)

This paper presents a distributed architecture for the management and retrieval of particular objects called POIsmarts. POIsmarts can be considered as the convergence between virtual points of interest (Web bookmarks) and physical points of interest (GPS bookmarks). We provide a XML schema defining the structure and properties of POIsmarts and we show how these objects can be stored, shared, searched and accessed in a uniform way independently from the user device. The paper also reports preliminary results on performing automatic categorization and search (in personal or shared POIsmart hierarchies) using machine learning techniques.
Performance of Flexible Microwave Antenna Under Environmental Stress (2022)

Flexible antennas are integral to the development of next generation electronics through reduction in SWaP resulting in improved capabilities. Here, we show the in-situ performance of flexible microwave antennas under environmental stress conditions based on MIL-STD-810 testing standards for the first time. Flexible dual-band antennas (2.4 GHz and 4.6 GHz) are fabricated by etching patterned Cu clad RO3003 and assessed for their performance under environmental stresses while operating at high temperature (65 °C), low temperature (-40 °C), in thermal shock between the high and low temperatures, temperature-humidity (85 °C / 85 % RH) or water immersion. Coated and non-coated antennas showed robustness during the environmental exposures as they could function satisfactorily under most stress conditions.
Photoreduction of Methylviologen Adsorbed on Silver (1996)

Methylviologen adsorbed on a roughened silver electrode is reduced to its cation radical upon irradiation with laser light at liquid nitrogen temperature. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra were obtained with different excitation wavelengths between 406 and 752 nm and compared to those obtained at room temperature in an electrochemical cell under potential control. From two-color experiments, in which one laser frequency was used to generate the radical and a second to excite the SERS spectra, it was determined that radical formation occurs mainly with excitation in the blue spectral region. A comparison of the SERS spectra of the dication and cation radical forms of methylviologen with their solution spectra suggests that the former interacts more strongly with the surface than the latter. The cation radical appears to be stable for several hours in liquid nitrogen but has a short lifetime at room temperature. Two mechanisms for the photoreduction are discussed: plasmon-assisted electron transfer from the metal to the methylviologen dication and formation of a resonance charge transfer complex. The current experimental data are insufficient to determine the particular role of these mechanisms.
Biomechanics of Frog Swimming: II. Mechanics of the Limb-Beat Cycle in Hymenochirus Boettgeri (1988)

ABSTRACT The hindlimb kinematics of Hymenochirus boettgeri (Tornier) were investigated using high-speed ciné films. The movement pattern was stereotypic, flexion and extension of the metatarsal-phalangeals and feet always lagging behind flexion and extension of the femora and tibiofibulae. The right hindlimb was modelled as a series of linked circular cylinders and a flat plate. A blade-element approach was used to calculate the quasi-steady drag-based and accelerative force components parallel to the direction of motion, based on the hindlimb kinematics of sequence 1 (see preceding paper). Positive thrust is generated primarily during the initial stages of extension (power stroke) because of unsteady (added mass) effects. Negative thrust occurs over the latter half of extension, despite the continued acceleration of the animal. Hindlimb interaction is thought to provide propulsive thrust for the latter half of the extension phase. It is suggested that a jet and/or reflective effect may be involved.
The National Alliance for Primary Care Informatics: development andcurrent status (2004)

BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, promotes wider social and economic progress through the advancement of information technology science and practice. BCS serve over 68,000 members including practitioners, businesses, academics and students, in the UK and internationally.
Experiments on the analysis of phase/frequency-modulated RF signals using digital tester channels (2010)

This paper presents experiments around the analysis of phase/frequency-modulated signals using digital ATE channels. Based on the concept of zero-crossing detection, the proposed technique relies on the sampling of the analog/RF signal through a 1-bit comparator and the post-processing of the resulting bit stream. Coherent under sampling is used to extend the application range of the method, allowing the analysis of high-speed analog signals using standard test equipment operating with a limited sampling frequency. Simulation results show the viability of the technique. Hardware experiments are presented, which are in good agreement with simulation results.
Effect of relative humidity on milling and air classification explained by particle dispersion and flowability (2023)

Dry fractionation of legumes is used to produce protein and starch-rich fractions with a clean label and lower environmental impact than conventional wet fractionation. Dry fractionation relies on the use of ambient air that varies in humidity. This study assessed the effect of relative humidity (RH) on milling and air classification of yellow pea and chickpea. Particle size analysis and powder rheology were used to assess the particle dispersibility and flowability of the flours. The RH has limited effect on milling and air classification between 30% and 70%. However, upon storage of fine milled chickpea flour at a RH of 70% and storage of fine milled yellow pea flour at a RH of 90% the air classification performance decreased. This was linked to a poorer dispersibility and flowability. Concluding, a relative humidity above 70% should be prevented to perform robust air classification.
Duration of human MU opiate receptor blockade following naltrexone: Measurement by 11C-carfentanil pet (2005)

Background Naltrexone is a mu opiate receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of alcohol dependency. Previous reports have suggested a duration of receptor occupancy of naltrexone that greatly exceeds that predicted by it's 4 hour T1/2, or the 13 hour T1/2 of beta naltrexol, the predominant metabolite. We undertook a double blind, placebo controlled, randomized study of receptor occupancy using the highly selective mu opiate receptor ligand 11C-carfentanil. Methods Healthy volunteers underwent PET imaging with 11C-carfentanil at baseline, 3 24, 72 and 144 hours following a single dose of placebo, 12.5, 50 or 100mg of naltrexone. Regional analysis was undertaken using a statistical parametric mapping approach (SPM2). Results To date, 15 of 24 subjects have completed all phases of the study. At interim analysis, regions of significantly (p<0.001) lower activity were mapped in all known regions of brain mu receptors 3 and 24 hours following all doses of naltrexone. This effect was measurable at 72 hours for the combined 50/100mg dose. At 144 hours, significant blockade remained in the left temporal lobe. (see Table) Conclusions Our findings provide tomographic evidence of a persistence of blockade of the mu opiate receptor for up to 144 hours following naltrexone, with no evidence of a receptor level placebo effect. Correlation with plasma naltrexone and beta naltrexone is planned. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P26–P26; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.11.099 Placebo 12.5 mg 50/100 mg Baseline vs N = 6 N = 4 N = 5 3H NS P < 0.001 P < 0.001 24H NS P < 0.001 P < 0.001 72H NS NS P < 0.001 144H NS NS P < 0.01
The smallest interacting universe (2023)

A bstract We study a mechanism by which the most basic structures of quantum physics can emerge from the most meager of starting points, a Hilbert space, lacking any preassigned structure such as a tensor decomposition, and a loss function. In a simple toy model of the universe, we hypothesize a fundamental loss functional for the combined Hamiltonian and quantum state, and then minimize this loss functional by gradient descent. We find that this minimization gives rise to a co-emergence of locality, i.e. a tensor product structure simultaneously respected by both the Hamiltonian and the state, suggesting that locality can emerge by a process analogous to spontaneous symmetry breaking. We discuss the relevance of this program to the arrow of time problem. In our toy model, we interpret the emergence of a tensor factorization as the appearance of individual degrees of freedom within a previously undifferentiated (raw) Hilbert space. Earlier work [5, 6] looked at the emergence of locality in Hamiltonians only, and in that context found strong numerical confirmation of the hypothesis that raw Hilbert spaces of dim = n are unstable and prefer to settle on tensor factorization when n is not prime, expressing, for example, n = pq , and in [6] even primes were seen to “factor” after first shedding a small summand, e.g. 7 = 1 + 2 · 3. This was found in the context of a rather general potential functional F on the space of metrics { g ij } on $$ \mathfrak{su} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>su</mml:mi> </mml:math> ( n ), the Lie algebra of symmetries. This emergence of qunits through operator-level spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) may help us understand why the world seems to consist of myriad interacting degrees of freedom. But understanding why the universe has an initial Hamiltonian H 0 with a many-body structure is of limited conceptual value unless the initial state, ∣ ψ 0 〉, is also structured by this tensor decomposition. Here we adapt F to become a functional on { g , | ψ 0 〉} = (metrics) × (initial states), and find SSB now produces a conspiracy between g and ∣ ψ 0 〉, where they simultaneously attain low entropy by jointly settling on the same qubit decomposition. Extreme scaling of the computational problem has confined us to studying ℂ 4 breaking to ℂ 2 ⊗ ℂ 2 and ℂ 8 breaking to ℂ 2 ⊗ ℂ 4 or ℂ 2 ⊗ ℂ 2 ⊗ ℂ 2 .
Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of Aminoalkylazetidines as ORL1 Receptor Ligands. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Corrosion Test Results for Construction Materials Used in Mini-SHINE System (2014)

recovery columns employing a pure titania sorbent (110-μm particles, S110, and 60 Å pore size). The plant-scale column designs assume Mo will be separated from 271 L of a 141 g-U/L uranyl sulfate solution, pH 1, containing 0.0023 mM Mo. The VERSE-designed recovery systems have been tested and verified in laboratory-scale experiments, and this approach was found to be very successful.
Isolation of embryonal carcinoma cell lines that express integrated recombinant genes flanked by the Moloney murine leukemia virus (2016)

We have used a producer NIH 3T3 cell line that secretes, together with the helper Moloney murine leuke- mia virus (Mo-MuLV), a transducing recombinant virus con- taining the neomycin-resistance gene linked to the Mo-MuLV long terminal repeat (LTR). By infecting three embryonal car- cinoma cell lines, PCC4.azalR, F9tk-, and Nulli-SCC1, with this recombinant virus, we have isolated many transductant clones that stably express the integrated neomycin-resistance gene. These clonal transductant lines consist of undifferentiat- ed embryonal carcinoma cells as judged by morphology, tu- morigenicity in 129/Sv mice, and cell-surface antigenic mark- ers. Analysis of the integrated recombinant viral genes by Southern blot hybridization revealed that some of the lines have single copies, whereas others have multiple copies, prob- ably in multiple sites. Although these transductant lines con- tained many copies of helper Mo-MuLV integrated in the cel- lular genome, expression of these helper viruses was not de- tected either by reverse transcriptase activity or by X-C plaque assay. Two F9tk-derived, G418-resistant transductant lines were superinfected with a second recombinant transducing vi- rus that contains the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene flanked by the Mo-MuLV LTR. The frequency of trans- duction to yield clones able to grow in hypoxanthine/aminop- terin/thymidine medium was similar to that of the parental F9tk- cells. These results suggest that the expression of the neomycin-resistance gene, linked to Mo-MuLV LTR in the transductant embryonal carcinoma cell clones, is due to a cis- acting mechanism(s).
Abstract 3507: Type 17-1-CD8+ T cells (Tc17-1) as potent effector cells for immunotherapy of brain tumors (2012)

Abstract Malignant gliomas, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are the most common and dismal primary brain tumors, and there is a strong need for developing novel and effective therapeutic modalities. Although the central nervous system (CNS) and CNS tumors are often considered immunologically privileged, as demonstrated by studies on CNS autoimmunity, activated autoreactive T-cells, especially T helper (Th) 17 cells, infiltrate through the blood brain barrier (BBB) and mediate antigen-specific responses in the CNS. Especially, Th17 express high levels of CCR6, which has a crucial role in Th17 infiltration into the CNS. In addition to Th17 cells, a new putative subtype of IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells with CD4+IL-17+IFN-γ+ (Th17-1 cells) double-positive phenotype has also been identified. Based on our previous studies demonstrating a critical role of Th1-chemokine CXCL10 and its receptor CXCR3 for effective T-cell trafficking in CNS tumors, we hypothesized that Th17-1 cells and CD8+ T cells producing IL-17 and IFN-γ (hereby Type-17-1 CD8+ T-cells) will demonstrate superior CNS tumor infiltration compared with Th1 cells due to the activation of two CNS-relevant chemokine pathways, CXCL10-CXCR3 and CCL20-CCR6. Mouse Tc17, Tc17-1 and Tc1 cells generated from Pmel-1 mouse-derived naïve CD8+ T cells expressed high CCR6 and low CXCR3, high CCR6 and high CXCR3, and little CCR6 and high CXCR3, respectively. Although Tc17 displayed lower levels of antigen-specific cytotoxic activity compared with Tc17-1 and Tc1 in a 4 hr cytotoxic assay, Tc17 killed tumor cells more effectively than the other populations in long-term cultures (4 to 6 days). While Tc1 cells underwent apoptosis due to their exhausted state, Tc17-1 maintained strong cytotoxicity and proliferative activities even after 4 day co-culture with tumor cells. Moreover, the supernatant derived from activated Tc17 and Tc17-1 induced CCL20 and CXCL10 in the GL261 glioma cells while Tc1-derived supernatant induced CXCL10 but not CCL20. These results suggest a possibility that Tc17-1 may elicit persistent anti-CNS tumor responses and induce both CCL20 and CXCL10 in the CNS tumor microenvironment, thereby attracting additional effector cells to the site. In vivo studies in mice bearing CNS gliomas are warranted to determine whether adoptively transferred Tc17-1 infiltrate to the CNS tumor site and mediate superior anti-tumor response compared with Tc1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3507. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3507
Examination of a blood-brain barrier targeting β-galactosidase-monoclonal antibody fusion protein in a murine model of GM1-gangliosidosis (2021)

GM1-gangliosidosis is a lysosomal disease resulting from a deficiency in the hydrolase β-galactosidase (β-gal) and subsequent accumulation of gangliosides, primarily in neuronal tissue, leading to progressive neurological deterioration and eventually early death. Lysosomal diseases with neurological involvement have limited non-invasive therapies due to the inability of lysosomal enzymes to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A novel fusion enzyme, labeled mTfR-GLB1, was designed to act as a ferry across the BBB by fusing β-gal to the mouse monoclonal antibody against the mouse transferrin receptor and tested in a murine model of GM1-gangliosidosis (β-gal−/−). Twelve hours following a single intravenous dose of mTfR-GLB1 (5.0 mg/kg) into adult β-gal−/− mice showed clearance of enzyme activity in the plasma and an increase in β-gal enzyme activity in the liver and spleen. Long-term efficacy of mTfR-GLB1 was assessed by treating β-gal−/− mice intravenously twice a week with a low (2.5 mg/kg) or high (5.0 mg/kg) dose of mTfR-GLB1 for 17 weeks. Long-term studies showed high dose mice gained weight normally compared to vehicle-treated β-gal−/− mice, which are significantly heavier than heterozygous controls. Behavioral assessment at six months of age using the pole test showed β-gal−/− mice treated with mTfR-GLB1 had improved motor function. Biochemical analysis showed an increase in β-gal enzyme activity in the high dose group from negligible levels to 20% and 11% of heterozygous levels in the liver and spleen, respectively. Together, these data show that mTfR-GLB1 is a catalytically active β-gal fusion enzyme in vivo that is readily taken up into tissues. Despite these indications of bioactivity, behavior tests other than the pole test, including the Barnes maze, inverted screen, and accelerating rotarod, showed limited or no improvement of treated mice compared to β-gal−/− mice receiving vehicle only. Further, administration of mTfR-GLB1 was insufficient to create measurable increases in β-gal enzyme activity in the brain or reduce ganglioside content (biochemically and morphologically).
Chapitre 7 - Résilience et adaptation, du changement climatique aux changements globaux (2020)

Les différents cas concrets présentés dans les chapitres 1 à 6 illustrent des contextes géographiques et des degrés d’exposition contrastés au changement climatique et à l’accroissement des aléas climatiques (pluviométrie et crue). Ils offrent ainsi une palette de situations riche d’enseignements et invitent à une comparaison des modalités concrètes d’adaptation des exploitations agricoles aux changements et aléas climati...
Photocontrol of Liquid Crystal Alignment by Polymethacrylates with Diphenylacetylene Side Chains (1999)

Whereas diphenylacetylene (DPA) exhibits no photoisomerization because of the involvement of a triple bond in the chromophore, prolonged irradiation of the films with 313-nm light resulted in the reduction of absorption, leading to insolubilization as a result of photo-cross-linking. When the actinic light is linearly polarized, polarized UV absorbances perpendicular to the electric vector of the light decreased more preferentially than those in parallel with that to generate dichroism. Homogeneous alignment of LCs was induced, when cells were fabricated with substrate plates covered with thin films of DPA polymers, followed by linearly polarized light irradiation at temperatures above the transition temperature of LC. Irradiation of thin films of DPA polymers before cell assembly was more convenient because much less exposure doses were required for the LC photoalignment control. The photogenerated LC alignment was highly thermally stable and was not altered even after heating at 100 °C for 1 week. Discussion was made on the mechanism of the photocontrol of LC alignment on the basis of the photochemical behavior of the DPA polymers.
Vascular Contributiom to Costive lmpairment and Denentia A StatenLmt for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (2012)

背景与目的本科学声明提供了血管性因素对认知损害（co,airiveimpairment）和痴呆促成作用证据的纵览。血管性因素在老年认知损害和痴呆中的作用十分普遍。本文对血管性认知损害（vascularcognitiveimpairment，VCI）的定义、神经病理学、基础科学和病理生理学研究、神经影像学的作用、血管性和其他相关危险因素的作用以及潜在的防治方法进行了回顾，旨在为临床医生提供一份总体指导，以进一步加深对VCI和痴呆及其防治的理解。方法写作组成员由写作组联合主席基于先前在相关领域的研究成果提名，并经美国心脏协会（AmericanHeartAssociation，AHA）卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会、流行病学和预防委员会以及文稿监督委员会批准。写作组采用系统文献回顾（主要涵盖1990年至2010年5月期间的文献）、以往公布的指南、个人资料以及专家观点总结现有证据，提出当前知识的不足，并对适当的问题根据AHA标准制定推荐意见。所有写作组成员均有机会对推荐意见进行评论并认可了最终版本。经AHA的同行评议以及卒中委员会领导阶层、流行病学和预防委员会以及科学声明监督委员会审阅后，最终获得AHA科学咨询和协调委员会批准。结果VCI概念的提出涵盖了与所有类型脑血管性脑损害（而不仅仅是卒中）相关的整个认知障碍（cognitivedisorder）谱，其范围从轻度认知损害到完全痴呆。神经血管单元和脑血流调节机制障碍可能是VCI的潜在病理生理学过程的重要组成部分。脑淀粉样血管病已成为阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimerdisease，AD）、微梗死、微出血、脑出血以及VCI风险的一个重要标志。老年认知损害的神经病理学改变常常是AD与微血管性脑损害的混合状态，二者可叠加和协同增高认知损害风险。就此而言，MRI和其他神经影像学技术在VCI的确定和识别中起着重要作用，并提供证据说明以白质高信号和小的深部梗死为特征的皮质下型VCI很常见。在许多情况下，VCI的风险标志同样也是卒中的传统危险因素。这些危险因素包括但不仅限于心房颤动、高血压、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症。而且，这些血管危险因素也可能是AD的风险标志。颈动脉内膜一中膜厚度和动脉僵硬度是动脉老化的标记物，也可能成为VCI的风险标志。目前，美国食品药物管理局尚未批准任何VCI的特异性治疗方法。不过，对卒中和心血管病传统危险因素的评价和控制，可能对包括老年人群在内的VCI的预防具有作用。结论血管性因素在认知损害和痴呆中的促成作用很重要。近年来，在临床前、神经病理学、神经影像学、生理学和流行病学研究基础上，对VCI的认识得到了不断提高。推荐使用跨学科的、转化的以及交互的方法进一步加深对此领域的了解，并更好地掌握其神经心理学特征。需要开展前瞻性定量临床一病理学一神经影像学研究，以提高对神经影像学改变的病理学基础，以及血管病变和AD病变在VCI和AD临床演变中的复杂的丰互作用的认识。可能需要在中年期尽早肝始对血管危险标志进行长期干预，以预防或延迟VCI或AD发病的研究。住高危人群I}1强化控制血管危险因素则是另一个重要的研究方向。
Nucleon transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions in lattice QCD: Renormalization patterns and discretization effects (2017)

Lattice QCD calculations of transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) in nucleons are presented, based on the evaluation of nucleon matrix elements of quark bilocal operators with a staple-shaped gauge connection. Both time-reversal odd effects, namely, the generalized Sivers and Boer-Mulders transverse momentum shifts, as well as time-reversal even effects, namely, the generalized transversity and one of the generalized worm-gear shifts, are studied. Results are obtained on two different ${n}_{f}=2+1$ flavor ensembles with approximately matching pion masses but very different discretization schemes: domain-wall fermions (DWF) with lattice spacing $a=0.084\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$ and pion mass 297 MeV, and Wilson-clover fermions with $a=0.114\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$ and pion mass 317 MeV. Comparison of the results on the two ensembles yields insight into the length scales at which lattice discretization errors are small, and into the extent to which the renormalization pattern obeyed by the continuum QCD TMD operator continues to apply in the lattice formulation. For the studied TMD observables, the results are found to be consistent between the two ensembles at sufficiently large separation of the quark fields within the operator, whereas deviations are observed in the local limit and in the case of a straight link gauge connection, which is relevant to the studies of parton distribution functions. Furthermore, the lattice estimates of the generalized Sivers shift obtained here are confronted with, and are seen to tend towards, a phenomenological estimate extracted from experimental data.