gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Besondere Netzhautablösungsform bei einem myopischen Patienten (2007)

Die Einweisung der 74-jährigen Patientin erfolgte aufgrund einer langsam progredienten Visusminderung am rechten Auge trotz einer Kataraktextraktion 6 Monate zuvor. Die Patientin berichtete über eine starke, in ihrer Jugend festgestellte Kurzsichtigkeit rechts und klagte vor allem über zunehmendes Verzerrt- und Verschwommensehen im zentralen Sichtfeld. Am linken Auge war 5 Jahre zuvor wegen einer rhegmatogenen Netzhautablösung im superotemporalen Quadranten eine eindellende Operation mit radiärer Plombe und Kryokoagulation vorausgegangen. Es fand sich kein Hinweis auf Traumata und Infektionen. Anamnestisch bestanden keine allgemeinen Grunderkrankungen.
Angiopathic activity of LRG1 is induced by the IL-6/STAT3 pathway (2022)

Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a secreted glycoprotein that under physiological conditions is produced predominantly by the liver. In disease, its local induction promotes pathogenic neovascularisation while its inhibition leads to reduced dysfunctional angiogenesis. Here we examine the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in defective angiogenesis mediated by LRG1. IL-6 treatment induced LRG1 expression in endothelial cells and ex vivo angiogenesis cultures and promoted vascular growth with reduced mural cell coverage. In Lrg1<sup>-/-</sup> explants, however, IL-6 failed to stimulate angiogenesis and vessels exhibited improved mural cell coverage. IL-6 activated LRG1 transcription through the phosphorylation and binding of STAT3 to a conserved consensus site in the LRG1 promoter, the deletion of which abolished activation. Blocking IL-6 signalling in human lung endothelial cells, using the anti-IL6 receptor antibody Tocilizumab, significantly reduced LRG1 expression. Our data demonstrate that IL-6, through STAT3 phosphorylation, activates LRG1 transcription resulting in vascular destabilisation. This observation is especially timely in light of the potential role of IL-6 in COVID-19 patients with severe pulmonary microvascular complications, where targeting IL-6 has been beneficial. However, our data suggest that a therapy directed towards blocking the downstream angiopathic effector molecule LRG1 may be of greater utility.
Effects of Orbital Ordering on Electronic Communication in Multiporphyrin Arrays (1997)

The rational design of molecular photonic devices requires a thorough understanding of all factors affecting electronic communication among the various constituents. To explore how electronic factors mediate both excited- and ground-state electronic communication in multiporphyrin arrays, we have conducted a detailed static spectroscopic (absorption, fluorescence, resonance Raman, electron paramagnetic resonance), time-resolved spectroscopic (absorption, fluorescence), and electrochemical (cyclic and square-wave voltammetry, coulometry) study of tetraarylporphyrin dimers. The complexes investigated include both zinc-free base (ZnFb) and bis-Zn dimers in which the porphyrin constituents are linked via diphenylethyne groups at the meso positions. Comparison of dimeric arrays containing pentafluorophenyl groups at all nonlinking meso positions (F30ZnFbU and F30Zn2U) with nonfluorinated analogs (ZnFbU and Zn2U) directly probes the effects of electronic factors on intradimer communication. The major findings of the study are as follows: (1) Energy transfer from the photoexcited Zn porphyrin to the Fb porphyrin is the predominant excited-state reaction in F30ZnFbU, as is also the case for ZnFbU. Energy transfer primarily proceeds via a through-bond process mediated by the diarylethyne linker. Remarkably, the energy-transfer rate is 10 times slower in F30ZnFbU ((240 ps)-1) than in ZnFbU ((24 ps)-1), despite the fact that each has the same diphenylethyne linker. The attenuated energy-transfer rate in the former dimer is attributed to reduced Q-excited-state electronic coupling between the Zn and Fb porphyrins. (2) The rate of hole/electron hopping in the monooxidized bis-Zn complex, [F30Zn2U]+, is ∼10-fold slower than that for [Zn2U]+. The slower hole/electron hopping rate in the former dimer reflects strongly attenuated ground-state electronic coupling. The large attenuation in excited- and ground-state electronic communication observed for the fluorine-containing dimers is attributed to a diminution in the electron-exchange matrix elements that stems from stabilization of the a2u porphyrin orbital combined with changes in the electron-density distribution in this orbital. Stabilization of the porphyrin a2u orbital results in a switch in the HOMO from a2u in ZnFbU to a1u in F30ZnFbU. This orbital reversal diminishes the electron density at the peripheral positions where the linker is appended. Collectively, our studies clarify the origin of the different energy-transfer rates observed among various multiporphyrin arrays and exemplify the interconnected critical roles of a1u/a2u orbital ordering and linker position in the design of efficient molecular photonic devices.
Population Exposure‐Response Modeling of Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2008)

The exposure-response properties of metformin were characterized in 12 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The time course of drug concentration and effects on fasting plasma glucose and lactic acid concentrations were used from a study in which subjects received 500 mg of metformin twice daily for 5 days followed by 850 mg twice daily for 5 days. Pharmacokinetic sampling included morning trough concentrations obtained on days 7 to 9 and rich sampling (15 time points) on day 10. Fasting plasma glucose and lactic acid concentrations were measured on days 0 to 10 and served as biomarkers of therapeutic effect and tolerability, respectively. A population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis was conducted using nonlinear mixed effects modeling. Metformin pharmacokinetics were described using a 1-compartment model with first-order absorption. Population mean estimates (relative standard error [RSE]) of clearance (CL/F) and volume of distribution were 79.0 L.h(-1) (6.8%) and 648 L (13.8%), respectively. Covariate analyses revealed that creatinine clearance (CL(CR)) significantly influenced metformin CL/F [CL/F = 79.0.(CL(CR)/80)(0.822)]. An indirect response model was applied to describe the antihyperglycemic effect of metformin. Population mean estimates (RSE) of baseline fasting plasma glucose and the drug concentration producing half-maximal effect were 241 mg.dL(-1) (4.6%) and 4.23 mg.L(-1) (31.0%). An empirical linear model was used to describe a slight progressive increase in fasting lactic acid during metformin treatment with an estimated slope coefficient (RSE) of 0.0005 mM.mL.ng(-1) (38.1%). Model evaluation by predictive check and nonparametric bootstrap analysis suggested that the proposed model is robust, and parameter values were estimated with good precision. Simulations suggested that the clinical utility of metformin was maintained over the dose range evaluated with respect to fasting plasma glucose and lactic acid response.
Skeletal variation in Tennessee Walking Horses maps to theLCORL/NCAPGgene region (2016)

Conformation has long been a driving force in horse selection and breed creation as a predictor for performance. The Tennessee Walking Horse (TWH) ranges in size from 1.5 to 1.7 m and is often used as a trail, show, and pleasure horse. To investigate the contribution of genetics to body conformation in the TWH, we collected DNA samples, body measurements, and gait/training information from 282 individuals. We analyzed the 32 body measures with a principal component analysis. Principal component (PC)1 captured 28.5% of the trait variance, while PC2 comprised just 9.5% and PC3 6.4% of trait variance. All 32 measures correlated positively with PC1, indicating that PC1 describes overall body size. We genotyped 109 horses using the EquineSNP70 bead chip and marker association assessed the data using PC1 scores as a phenotype. Mixed-model linear analysis (EMMAX) revealed a well-documented candidate locus on ECA3 (raw P = 3.86 × 10(-9)) near the LCORL gene. A custom genotyping panel enabled fine-mapping of the PC1 body-size trait to the 3'-end of the LCORL gene (P = 7.09 × 10(-10)). This position differs from other reports suggesting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) upstream of the LCORL coding sequence regulate expression of the gene and, therefore, body size in horses. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis defined the position of a highly homologous 5 kb retrogene copy of LCORL (assigned to unplaced contigs of the EquCab 2.0 assembly) at ECA9 q12-q13. This is the first study to identify putative causative SNPs within the LCORL transcript itself, which are associated with skeletal size variation in horses.
Is HIV unique or merely different? (1989)

The HIV epidemic is similar to previous human epidemics, and our early responses to the HIV epidemic have likewise been similar. Furthermore, HIV is similar to other single-stranded RNA viruses in its evolution. Like other RNA viruses, HIV has a high mutation rate and thus evolves rapidly. This rapid evolution may make it difficult to develop a successful vaccine against HIV, and perhaps may also limit the usefulness of drugs because of the appearance of resistant mutants. However, most of the variation in HIV nucleotide sequences is neutral, not adaptive. Other viruses in the same retrovirus subfamily as HIV (lentiviruses) are also successful pathogens in animals and are difficult to control without the added problem of the social factors that exist for HIV. These social factors involved in HIV transmission make HIV hard to control by usual public health measures. The prevalence of syphilis and hepatitis B in the United States shows that neither a successful drug treatment nor an effective vaccine is sufficient to stop some infectious diseases when social factors are involved. For these reasons, I conclude that the HIV/AIDs epidemic is different, but not unique.
Quantized beam shifts in graphene (2015)

We predict the existence of quantized Imbert-Fedorov, Goos-Hanchen, and photonic spin Hall shifts for light beams impinging on a graphene-on-substrate system in an external magnetic field. In the quantum Hall regime the Imbert-Fedorov and photonic spin Hall shifts are quantized in integer multiples of the fine structure constant α, while the Goos-Hanchen ones in multiples of α2. We investigate the influence on these shifts of magnetic field, temperature, and material dispersion and dissipation. An experimental demonstration of quantized beam shifts could be achieved at terahertz frequencies for moderate values of the magnetic field.
Sensitive Detection of Goat αs1-Casein Using Tapered Optical Fiber Sensor (2020)

We present a new approach for the detection of α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s1</sub> -casein, a milk allergen, using tapered optical fiber sensor. The single-mode optical fiber of 125 μm diameter was tapered to produce waist diameter and length of 12 μm and 15 mm, respectively. The fiber sensor was functionalized using sodium hydroxide, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane, and glutaraldehyde to the tapered region. Anti-peptide polyclonal antibody from N-terminal sequence of α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s1</sub> -casein was immobilized onto the tapered region, which subsequently bound to the introduced targeted α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s1</sub> -casein. Measurement of transmission spectrum was performed within the wavelength range of 1500-1600 nm. Results showed that the shift of the wavelength in the fabricated sensor was linearly proportional to the increment of α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s1</sub> -casein from 0.1 to 1.0 nM. The sensitivity of the sensor towards α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s1</sub> -casein was measured at 1.139 nm/nM. Specificity was validated using bovine α-casein as a negative control with no significant wavelength shift. The sensor was tested using goat milk sample in three different dilutions to illustrate the applicability of the sensor in food matrices.
Magnetic Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Fe3O4 Nanoparticles (2011)

Superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles prepared by a classical coprecipitation method were used as the stabilizer to prepare magnetic Pickering emulsions, and the effects of particle concentration, oil/water volume ratio, and oil polarity on the type, stability, composition, and morphology of these functional emulsions were investigated. The three-phase contact angle (θ(ow)) of the Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles at the oil-water interface was evaluated using the Washburn method, and the results showed that for nonpolar and weakly polar oils of dodecane and silicone, θ(ow) is close to 90°, whereas for strongly polar oils of butyl butyrate and 1-decanol, θ(ow) is far below 90°. Inherently hydrophilic Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles can be used to prepare stable dodecane-water and silicone-water emulsions, but they cannot stabilize butyl butyrate-water and decanol-water mixtures with macroscopic phase separation occurring, which is in good agreement with the contact angle data. Emulsions are of the oil-in-water type for both dodecane and silicone oil, and the average droplet size increases with an increase in the oil volume fraction. For stable emulsions, not all of the particles are adsorbed to drop interfaces; the fraction adsorbed decreases with an increase in the initial oil volume fraction. Changes in the particle concentration have no obvious influence on the stability of these emulsions, even though the droplet size decreases with concentration.
Multi-Robot Dynamic Role Assignment and Coordination Through Shared Potential Fields (2002)

Role assignment and coordination are difficult issues for multi-robot systems, especially in highly dynamic tasks. Robot soccer is one such task and it provides a unique challenge for multi-robot research. In this paper, we contribute the approach that we successfully developed for CMPACK&amp;apos;02 , our team for the RoboCup-2002 Sony legged league. The RoboCup-2002 Sony robots were equipped with wireless communication for the first time this year. We developed an approach for sharing sensed information and effective coordination through the introduction of shared potential fields. The potential fields were based on the positions of the other robots on the team and the ball. The robots positioned themselves on the field by following the gradient to a minimum of the potential field. In principle, our potential functions can be applied to any multi-robot domain. We present the results of the RoboCup-2002 competition, which we won, and we show a post-competition, controlled empirical evaluation to analyze the impact of our algorithm. The results demonstrate that our team using our communication-dependent coordination outperforms a team of individually skilled robots without coordination.
The Relationship Between Retinal Receptor Orientation and Photoreceptor Optics (1978)

The short- and long-range spin correlations in the quasi-one-dimensional S=(1/2) system (C6D11ND3)CuBr3 (CHAB-D14) have been investigated by (quasi) elastic neutron scattering experiments. The temperature dependence of the sublattice magnetization below TN=1.56 K reflects the presence of ferromagnetic chains in this compound. The intrachain spin correlations in the paramagnetic region show a crossover from isotropic Heisenberg behavior at high temperatures to XY behavior below ~3 K, and are surprisingly well described by a classical spin model.
A Comprehensive Analysis and Prediction of Sub-Cellular Localization of Human Nuclear Receptors (2018)

The Nuclear Receptor (NR) superfamily comprises of conserved ligand-modulated intracellular transcription factors which in the presence of their cognate ligands activate a plethora of signaling networks, thereby commencing their respective transcription functions. All NRs are nuclear when liganded or active. However, their localization may differ between nucleus and cytoplasm when unliganded or inactive. NRs control a majority of physiological processes in body ranging from metabolism to reproduction and development. Hitherto, in case of humans, 48 NRs have been identified which are localized either in cytosolic, nuclear or both compartments of the cell. Sub-cellular localization of proteins has great relevance in relation to their function. However, specific sub-cellular localization patterns of human NRs are clouded with ambiguity and are mostly ridden with controversy, with only a few of them being well-studied and established under specific physiological conditions. In the present study, we attempted to bridge the gap and attempted to draw conclusions in relation to sub-cellular localization of human NRs based on published experimental data and by in-silico prediction methods. This comprehensive analysis may not only be useful to draw conclusions on their control of physiological processes but may also open new avenues towards understanding of the molecular basis of NR-mediated diseases attributed to their mislocalization and malfunctioning.
Severe Hypercalcemia as the Presenting Sign of Tuberculosis (2015)

Severe hypercalcemia due to tuberculosis (TB) is rare. We describe a case of a 25-year-old male who was found to have a serum calcium level 15.4 mg/dL at a routine appointment prompting admission. Chest imaging demonstrated hilar lymphadenopathy and airspace opacities principally involving the lingula. Multiple sputum smears were negative for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), but cultures of sputum subsequently grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Despite appropriate therapy for TB, his serum calcium failed to normalize, prompting initiation of prednisone with rapid improvement. In granulomatous diseases, including TB, inflammation is mediated in part by elevated calcitriol released from macrophages, with resulting rises in serum calcium concentrations. Glucocorticoids are commonly used as adjunctive therapy for TB meningitis and pericarditis and this case emphasizes the potential role for steroids in refractory hypercalcemia. J Med Cases. 2015;6(8):382-384 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc2220w
Digoxin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and migration through an increase in ILK signaling and attenuates neointima formation following carotid injury (2015)

The increased proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key events in the development of artery restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention. Digoxin has long been used in the treatment of heart failure and has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells through multiple pathways. However, the potential role of digoxin in the regulation of VSMC proliferation and migration and its effectiveness in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as restenosis, remains unexplored. In the present study, we demonstrate that digoxin-induced growth inhibition is associated with the downregulation of CDK activation and the restoration of p27Kip1 levels in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated VSMCs. In addition, we found that digoxin restored the PDGF‑BB-induced inhibition of integrin linked kinase (ILK) expression and prevented the PDGF‑BB-induced activation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β. Furthermore, digoxin inhibited adhesion molecule and extracellular matrix relative protein expression. Finally, we found that digoxin significantly inhibited neointima formation, accompanied by a decrease in cell proliferation following vascular injury in rats. These effects of digoxin were shown to be mediated, at least in part, through an increase in ILK/Akt signaling and a decrease in GSK-3β signaling in PDGF‑BB-stimulated VSMCs. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that digoxin exerts an inhibitory effect on the PDGF‑BB-induced proliferation, migration and phenotypic modulation of VSMCs, and prevents neointima formation in rats. These observations indicate the potential therapeutic application of digoxin in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as restenosis.
Primary prevention of colorectal cancer. The WHO Collaborating Centre for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer. (1990)

Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignant neoplasm worldwide. Epidemiological and laboratory animal studies have established a link between various nutritional factors and the etiology of this cancer. Recent studies in genetic epidemiology and molecular biology have shown that inherited genetic factors also play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Thus, genetic-nutritional interactions may form the basis for the development of this cancer. Nutritional factors that appear to promote or attenuate the carcinogenic process in the colon include fat, excess calories, fibre, calcium, selenium, and various vitamins. Strategies for primary prevention of colorectal cancer should therefore be targeted to all populations who are at risk because of dietary and hereditary predisposition. Based on current knowledge, recommended nutrition guidelines for reducing the risk of colon cancer include decreased fat consumption, adequate amounts of fruits, vegetables, and calcium, and avoidance of overweight. Research to further elucidate the role of diet in colorectal carcinogenesis should include randomized studies in humans, testing of various nutritional regimens, and the use of colonic adenomas and markers of cell proliferation and differentiation as end-points.
Applications and effects of monoglycerides on frozen dessert stability (2018)

The main variations in monoglycerides are its fatty acid composition and degree of unsaturation. This study aimed to evaluate monoglycerides of different degree of unsaturation on stability of ice creams, which is also known as frozen desserts because of vegetable fat usage. This was in view of the fact that saturated monoglycerides and its blend with polysorbate 80 had been used historically in ice creams formulations instead of unsaturated monoglycerides. Stability in terms of aeration performances were measured through quantification of fat globules size distribution, meltdown resistance and heat shock stability. The meltdown rate between the saturated and unsaturated monoglycerides was 0.17–0.26% per min and 0.12–0.19% per min respectively. Frozen desserts with meltdown rate below 0.2% per min was defined to have good meltdown resistance performance. Unsaturated monoglycerides performed better than saturated monoglycerides alone and saturated monoglycerides blended with polysorbate 80 in frozen dessert stability.