gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Standard Reference Materials : (1999)

and Technology (NIST) are well-characterized materials, produced in quantity and certified for one or more physical or chemical properties. They are used to assure the accuracy and compatibility of measurements throughout the Nation. SRMs are widely used as primary standards in many diverse fields in science, industry, and technology, both within the United States and throughout the world. They are also used extensively in the fields of environmental and clinical analysis. In many applications, traceability of quality control and measurement processes to the national measurement system is carried out through the mechanism and use of SRMs. For many of the Nation's scientists and technologists, it is therefore of more than passing interest to know the details of the procedures, modes, and philosophy used at NIST to use, produce, and certify SRMs and RMs. The NIST Special Publication 260 Series is a series of papers reserved for this purpose and can be accessed via internet: http://ts.nist.gov/srm. This 260 publication is dedicated to the dissemination of information on different phases of the preparation, measurement, certification, and use of NIST SRMs. In general, much more detail will be found in these papers than in generally allowed, or desirable, in scientific journal articles. This enables the user to assess the validity and accuracy of the measurement processes employed to judge the statistical analysis, and to learn details of techniques and methods utilized for work entailing greatest care and accuracy. These papers also should provide sufficient additional information so SRMs can be utilized in new applications in diverse fields not foreseen at the time the SRM was originally issued.
High expression of CD40 on B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia blasts is an independent risk factor associated with improved survival and enhanced capacity to up-regulate the death receptor CD95 (2008)

CD40 and CD27, members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, are critical regulators of lymphocyte growth and differentiation. In B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), we prospectively assessed the impact of CD40 and CD27 on outcome in 121 children treated according to the CoALL06-97 protocol. Expression of both CD40 and CD27 was found to be significantly higher in low- than in high-risk patients as defined by standard clinical risk parameters such as age and white blood cell count. In addition, in multivariable analysis, a very high percentage of CD40(+) blasts at diagnosis was identified as an independent favorable prognostic factor for relapse-free survival. Of note, high CD40 expression particularly protected against late relapse. In B cells, CD40 is known to enhance both antigen-presenting capacity and sensitivity to proapoptotic signals. Yet, although CD40 ligation does result in significant up-regulation of CD80/CD86 in our cohort, it is up-regulation of the death receptor CD95 that significantly correlates with the percentage of CD40(+) blasts. Thus very high expression of CD40 on BCP-ALL blasts is an independent prognostic marker indicative of superior relapse-free survival that may in part be due to CD40-dependent death receptor up-regulation.
Molecular analysis of the vaginal response to estrogens in the ovariectomized rat and postmenopausal woman (2008)

At the transcriptional level, there is evidence of significant overlap of the effects of estrogen treatment between the OVX rat and human VA samples.
Complete phononic bandgaps and bandgap maps in two-dimensional silicon phononic crystal plates (2007)

It is shown that it is possible to obtain complete planar phononic bandgaps in square and hexagonal (honeycomb) lattice phononic crystals formed by etching a periodic array of circular holes in a thin silicon plate (or membrane). Also, better bandgap properties are obtained using the hexagonal lattice structure; and, with practical structure sizes, it is possible-to-obtain a gap-to-midgap ratio of 18–35%.
Alipogene tiparvovec: a long journey of risk-benefit ratio assessment of gene therapy products (2018)

According to EMA, advanced therapy medicinal products include, inter alia, therapeutic systems containing nucleic acids used for replacement or repair of genetic defects. Alipogen tiparvovec, a medicine containing genetic material for treatment of hereditary deficiency of lipoprotein lipase, meets these criteria. The article summarizes pathophysiological principles of this medicine action in subjects with lipoprotein lipase deficiency. The article describes the results of preclinical research conducted in mice and cats. Clinical trials revealed its efficiency in patients with hereditary lipoprotein lipase deficiency, however the period during which the drug proved efficient was rather short. Nevertheless the data obtained from alipogen tiparvovec clinical trials were convincing enough for EMA to permit its application in clinical practice.
In-situ characterization of free-volume holes in polymer thin films under controlled humidity conditions with an atmospheric positron probe microanalyzer (2012)

A pulsed, slow positron beam, with a diameter of 200 μm, was extracted into air through a thin SiN window of an atmospheric positron probe microanalyzer (PPMA), and used to measure the ortho-positronium lifetimes τ in polyvinyl alcohol and polycaprolactam sub-μm-thick films. By measuring the variation of τ as a function of relative humidity, the effect of water molecules on the hole sizes, deduced from τ, was examined for the films with consideration to the chain mobility. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the atmospheric PPMA to the in-situ characterization of nanoscopic holes in thin films under practical conditions.
Supplementary Movie 6 from The Pervasive Presence of Fluctuating Oxygenation in Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Movie 6 from The Pervasive Presence of Fluctuating Oxygenation in Tumors
Correlation of uniaxial tension-tension, torsion, and multiaxial tension-torsion fatigue failure in a 63Sn-37Pb solder alloy (2003)

Solder joint failure in surface mount technology applications occurs due to shear-dominated multiaxial strain-controlled fatigue. The authors investigate the multiaxial fatigue of solders and determine the feasibility of predicting the multiaxial fatigue behavior of solder alloys from the existing uniaxial experimental database. Isothermal uniaxial and multiaxial room-temperature total strain-controlled fatigue tests were conducted on bulk near-eutectic 63Sn-37Pb specimens at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. Fatigue surface examination indicated that cracking of the tin phase and separation of the tin-lead interface were the dominant fatigue failure mechanisms in this solder alloy regardless of the loading. A number of models for predicting mixed-mode fatigue lifetimes from uniaxial data were investigated. The present set of fatigue lifetime data for 63Sn-37Pb solder for uniaxial and tension torsion differed by a factor of 3.1 or less on the basis of several of these models. The maximum plastic shear strain was the best overall parameter to use in a Coffin-Manson-type plot with all data differing by no more than a factor of 2.8 from the uniaxial tension data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supporting wind generation deployment with demand response (2011)

In this paper, we investigate how the demand-side of the electricity industry can provide a potential solution for the reliable integration of wind generation resources into power system operations. More specifically, we investigate how the consumers enrolled in demand response (DR) programs mechanisms which induce changes in load consumption through incentives or prices can provide a valuable demand-side reserve capacity which can help manage the unexpected deviations of actual wind generation from its forecast value. We also study how a levelized load profile can help accommodate wind generation on the system. Our analysis is based on a stochastic unit commitment model that explicitly represents the uncertainty in the day-ahead scheduling decisions using a two-stage stochastic program with recourse actions. We extend the standard formulation of this program to accommodate the outcomes the DR programs. Simulation results provide a proof of concept that DR-based reserve capacity is an effective mechanism to counter the volatility and uncertainty of wind resources. Also, studies indicate that load leveling can prove beneficial for systems with wind generation. Finally, our analysis raises some policy-related questions on the best possible ways to integrate wind generation into system operations and the risks that lie in wind integration without adequate backup from the demand-side.
134 Edge treatment of ball end mill and its cutting characteristics (2001)

Recently, high-speed milling technique for realizing high efficiency and high accuracy in the manufacturing of die and mold has become useful and important technology. In this technology, a small diameter ball end mill is used at the cutting conditions such as small depth of cut, high rotational speed and high feed speed. And, it becomes important to optimize the specifications of the tool for high-speed milling. This paper describes the effects of edge treatment for ball end mills using micro blasting method. The conditions of edge treatment using micro blasting and the cutting characteristics of high-speed milling were investigated.
A Genetic Variant of the Sortilin 1 Gene is Associated with Reduced Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (2016)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder represented by the accumulation of intracellular tau protein and extracellular deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. The gene sortilin 1 (SORT1) has previously been associated with cardiovascular disease in gene association studies. It has also been proposed to be involved in AD pathogenesis through facilitating Aβ clearance by binding apoE/Aβ complexes prior to cellular uptake. However, the neuropathological role of SORT1 in AD is not fully understood. To evaluate the associations between gene variants of SORT1 and risk of AD, we performed genetic analyses in a Swedish case-control cohort. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), covering the whole SORT1 gene, were selected and genotyped in 620 AD patients and 1107 controls. The SNP rs17646665, located in a non-coding region of the SORT1 gene, remained significantly associated with decreased risk of AD after multiple testing (pc = 0.0061). In addition, other SNPs were found to be nominally associated with risk of AD, as well as altered cognitive function and the CSF biomarker Aβ42, but these associations did not survive correction for multiple testing. The fact that SORT1 has been strongly associated with risk of cardiovascular disease is intriguing as cardiovascular disease is also regarded as a risk factor for AD. Finally, increased knowledge about SORT1 function has a potential to increase our understanding of APOE, the strongest risk factor for AD.
Towards a resilient shared memory concept for distributed persistent object systems (2002)

The abstraction of a centralized memory which has been successfully introduced in shared memory multiprocessors has also been adopted for Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) in loosely coupled, network-based distributed systems as an adequate paradigm to handle shared state. In this paper a concept for a resilient distributed shared memory is elaborated which takes advantage of an advanced action model. The action model guarantees consistency of data in the presence of concurrency and failures by structuring the system activities and supporting damage assessment and recovery. It is argued that the concurrency control mechanism of actions can be exploited to guarantee consistency among multiple copies of an object. Additionally, an integrated mechanism is provided to increase availability in the action system by replication. The paper analyses the consequences of combining replication with the action system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Silicon-Based Crossbar Ultra-High-Density Non-Volatile Memory (2007)

The ever-increasing demand of non-volatile memory will lead to pursuit of terabit density (10 12 bits per cm 2 ) that is likely beyond the capability of current technology.This project seeks to develop ultra-highdensity, non-volatile memories using a crossbar structure, in which the memory components are two-terminal hysteretic resistive switches formed by two arrays of metal wires crossing each other and sandwiching a storage medium. Unlike previous attempts based on molecules that suffer from issues such as low yield, slow switching speed, and low on/off ratio, a silicon-based, fully CMOS compatible crossbar memory was achieved using nanoscale two-terminal hysteretic resistance switches. The prototype single-cell devices show scaling potential beyond 50 x50nm 2
Kinetic data for large-scale analysis and modeling of face-to-face conversation. (2011)

Spoken face to face interaction is a rich and complex form of communication that includes a wide array of phenomena that are not fully explored or understood. While there has been extensive studies on many aspects in face-to-face interaction, these are traditionally of a qualitative nature, relying on hand annotated corpora, typically rather limited in extent, which is a natural consequence of the labour intensive task of multimodal data annotation. In this paper we present a corpus of 60 hours of unrestricted Swedish face-to-face conversations recorded with audio, video and optical motion capture, and we describe a new project setting out to exploit primarily the kinetic data in this corpus in order to gain quantitative knowledge on human face-to-face interaction. Index Terms: motion capture, face-to-face conversation, multimodal corpus.
Amorphous SiC:H- Layers from Precursors (2002)

Low-viscous polymers were synthesized in order to produce high purity amophous SiC layers stabilised by hydrogen, whose optoelectronic properties were then studied in dependence on the pyrolysis conditions. The SiC:H thin layers were deposited by the conversion of an oligomer (chlorovinylsilane) into amorphous silicon carbide. The influence of Si:C ratio and the polymer structure on the composition and ceramic yield of the pyrolysis products is discussed.
A novel base station antenna based on rectangular waveguide (2016)

© 2016 IEICE. A novel base station antenna element is proposed. It consists of a surface of parallel strips to rotate the polarization direction and a segment of a rectangular waveguide. The surface is designed on a single-sided substrate, which has the same area as the aperture of the waveguide. In assembling, the non-copper side of the substrate is placed in direct contact with the aperture of the waveguide antenna. To achieve the polarization rotation, the parallel strips on the surface are rotated by 45° with respect to the walls of the waveguide antenna. By adding the surface, the linear polarization direction of the rectangular waveguide antenna is rotated by 45° to comply with the requirements of cellular industry. SMA connector with a conical probe is used as the coaxial-to-waveguide adaptor. Results have shown that the proposed antenna has a fractional impedance bandwidth of 35%, and a stable radiation pattern is also achieved.
Fully parallel integrated CAM/RAM using preclassification to enable large capacities (1996)

Many applications would benefit from the availability of large-capacity content addressable memories (CAMs). However, while RAMs, EEPROMs, and other memory types achieve ever-increasing per-chip bit counts, CAMs show little promise of following suit, due primarily to an inherent difficulty in implementing two-dimensional decoding. The serialized operation of most proposed solutions is not acceptable in speed-sensitive environments. In response to the resulting need, this paper describes a fully-parallel (single-clock-cycle) CAM architecture that uses the concept of "preclassification" to realize a second dimension of decoding without compromising throughput. As is typically the case, each CAM entry is used as an index to additional data in a RAM. To achieve improved system integration, the preclassified CAM is merged into the same physical array as its target RAM, and both use the same core cells. Architecture and operation of the resulting novel memory are described, as are two critical-path circuits: the match-line pull-down and the multiple match resolver. The memory circuits, designed in 0.8 /spl mu/m BiCMOS technology, may be employed in chips as large as 1 Mb, and simulations confirm 37 MHz operation for this capacity. To experimentally verify the feasibility of the architectural and circuit design, an 8 kb test chip was fabricated and found to be fully functional at clock speeds up to 59 MHz, with a power dissipation of 260 mW at 50 MHz.
Text Mining for Literature Review and Knowledge Discovery in Cancer Risk Assessment and Research (2012)

Research in biomedical text mining is starting to produce technology which can make information in biomedical literature more accessible for bio-scientists. One of the current challenges is to integrate and refine this technology to support real-life scientific tasks in biomedicine, and to evaluate its usefulness in the context of such tasks. We describe CRAB - a fully integrated text mining tool designed to support chemical health risk assessment. This task is complex and time-consuming, requiring a thorough review of existing scientific data on a particular chemical. Covering human, animal, cellular and other mechanistic data from various fields of biomedicine, this is highly varied and therefore difficult to harvest from literature databases via manual means. Our tool automates the process by extracting relevant scientific data in published literature and classifying it according to multiple qualitative dimensions. Developed in close collaboration with risk assessors, the tool allows navigating the classified dataset in various ways and sharing the data with other users. We present a direct and user-based evaluation which shows that the technology integrated in the tool is highly accurate, and report a number of case studies which demonstrate how the tool can be used to support scientific discovery in cancer risk assessment and research. Our work demonstrates the usefulness of a text mining pipeline in facilitating complex research tasks in biomedicine. We discuss further development and application of our technology to other types of chemical risk assessment in the future.
The cyclisation of 1 : 4- and 1 : 5-di(α-anthraquinonylamino)-anthraquinones to derivatives of carbazole (1955)

W. Bradley and P. N. Pandit, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 3399 DOI: 10.1039/JR9550003399
Safe and dependable physical human-robot interaction in anthropic domains: State of the art and challenges (2006)

In the immediate future, metrics related to safety and dependability have to be found in order to successfully introduce robots in everyday environments. The crucial issues needed to tackle the problem of a safe and dependable physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) were addressed in the EURON Perspective Research Project PHRIDOM (Physical Human- Robot Interaction in Anthropic Domains), aimed at charting the new "territory" of pHRI. While there are certainly also "cognitive" issues involved, due to the human perception of the robot (and vice versa), and other objective metrics related to fault detection and isolation, the discussion in this paper will focus on the peculiar aspects of "physical" interaction with robots. In particular, safety and dependability will be the underlying evaluation criteria for mechanical design, actuation, and control architectures. Mechanical and control issues will be discussed with emphasis on techniques that provide safety in an intrinsic way or by means of control components. Attention will be devoted to dependability, mainly related to sensors, control architectures, and fault handling and tolerance. After PHRIDOM, a novel research project has been launched under the Information Society Technologies Sixth Framework Programme of the European Commission. This "Specific Targeted Research or Innovation" project is dedicated to "Physical Human-Robot Interaction: depENDability and Safety" (PHRIENDS). PHRIENDS is about developing key components of the next generation of robots, including industrial robots and assist devices, designed to share the environment and to physically interact with people. The philosophy of the project proposes an integrated approach to the co-design of robots for safe physical interaction with humans, which revolutionizes the classical approach for designing industrial robots – rigid design for accuracy, active control for safety – by creating a new paradigm: design robots that are intrinsically safe, and control them to deliver performance. This paper presents the state of the art in the field as surveyed by the PHRIDOM project, as well as it enlightens a number of challenges that will be undertaken within the PHRIENDS project.
Quantifying incentive compatibility of ranking systems (2006)

Reasoning about agent preferences on a set of alternatives, and the aggregation of such preferences into some social ranking is a fundamental issue in reasoning about multi-agent systems. When the set of agents and the set of alternatives co-incide, we get the ranking systems setting. A famous type of ranking systems are page ranking systems in the context of search engines. Such ranking systems do not exist in empty space, and therefore agents ’ incentives should be carefully considered. In this paper we define three measures for quan-tifying the incentive compatibility of ranking systems. We apply these measures to several known ranking systems, such as PageRank, and prove tight bounds on the level of incentive compatibility under two basic properties: strong monotonic-ity and non-imposition. We also introduce two novel non-imposing ranking systems, one general, and the other for the case of systems with three participants. A full axiomatization is provided for the latter.
Creep, recovery, and stress relaxation behavior of nanostructured bioactive calcium phosphate glass–POSS/polymer composites for bone implants studied under simulated physiological conditions (2019)

The creep and recovery and the stress relaxation behaviors of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) binary blends incorporating 30 wt % of a mixture of trisilanolisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and calcium phosphate glass (CaP-g) were investigated under simulated physiological and human body temperature conditions. The synergistic effect of PHA and CaP-g/POSS filler remarkably improved the creep behavior of the PBAT matrix and decreased its residual strain, consequently enhancing its elastic recovery. A considerable increase of the relaxation modulus of the hybrid materials was also observed upon incorporation of PHA and CaP-g/POSS. The relaxation modulus of the neat PBAT sample increased from ~60 MPa to ~1600 MPa after addition of 30 wt % CaP-g/POSS and 70 wt % PHA. However, after exposure of the composites to the simulated human body conditions for 14 days, a drop of dynamic mechanical properties of the studied material systems was observed along with formation of a desirable calcium phosphate phase on the material surface. The long-term (i.e., up to 7 × 10<sup>5</sup> s) viscoelastic behavior of the studied materials was successfully predicted using the time-temperature superposition principle and the obtained creep strain and the relaxation modulus master curves were satisfactorily fitted to the Findley power law equation and the generalized Maxwell model, respectively. This study demonstrates a facile method for tailoring CaP-g/POSS bioactive glasses composition for bone-like apatite formation on biopolymer surfaces. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2419-2432, 2019.