gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Aging on Adipose Tissue Inflammation in the Knee Joints of F344BN Rats (2015)

The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) secretes inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritic knees, but the effect of aging on IFP inflammation is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that aging increases basal and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-stimulated IFP inflammation in 10-, 20-, and 30-month-old male F344BN F1-hybrid rats. IFPs were cultured ex vivo for 24 hours and treated ±1ng/mL IL-1β to simulate injury-induced inflammation. IFP inflammation was evaluated by measuring secreted cytokine concentrations and by quantitative expression of immunoregulatory and pro- and anti-adipogenic genes. With age, osteoarthritis pathology increased and IFP mass decreased. Although adipocyte size did not change with age, variation in adipocyte size was positively associated with synovial thickness independent of age whereas associations with cartilage damage were age dependent. In the absence of IL-1β, aging was associated with a significant increase in IFP secretion of tumor necrosis factor α by 67% and IL-13 by 35% and a reduction in the expression of immunoregulatory M2 macrophage genes. However, following an IL-1β challenge, adipogenesis markers decreased and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines increased independent of age. The lone exception was leptin, which decreased >70% with age. Thus, although aging promotes osteoarthritis risk by increasing basal inflammation, our findings also revealed a potentially protective effect of aging by decreasing IL-1β-stimulated leptin production.
2-[(Arylmethyl)amino]-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol DNA intercalators. An examination of the effects of aromatic ring variation on antitumor activity and DNA binding (1991)

The effects of variation of aromatic ring size, shape, and side-chain position on antitumor activity and DNA binding in a series of carbocyclic 2-[(arylmethyl)amino]-2-methyl-1,3-propanediols (AMAPs) were examined. In general, the interaction of AMAPs with DNA increases as the intercalating ring system grows in area, with three distinct binding levels evident. Isomers from a specific ring system appear to bind DNA similarly. DNA binding is not the sole criterion for antitumor activity for the AMAPs studied; the magnitude of the delta Tm does not correlate with the antitumor activity observed. Significant in vivo P388 activity was seen for AMAP congeners from several tetracyclic ring systems. However, isomers from each of the specific ring systems produced a wide range of in vivo P388 activity. Thus, AMAP antitumor activity is not a function of the ring system per se, but rather appears to be related to the shape of the specific molecule. Three AMAP congeners (crisnatol (770U82, 773U82, and 502U83) are currently in clinical trials.
Introduction (1998)

This book stems from a first graduate course taught at the University of Florida on robot geometry. It describes in detail a forward and reverse analysis for serial robot manipulators, and a displacement analysis for closed-loop spatial mechanisms.
Issues in automatic object recognition: linking geometry and material data to predictive signature codes (1991)

The principal focus of Automatic Object Recognition (AOR) involves the generation of appropriate algorithms to process the output of multi-spectral sensor arrays. Given the high dimensionality that characterizes the signatures of targets of interest, it is normally impossible to satisfy the need for raw signature data by means of measurement records alone. Individual sensor characteristics in conjunction with aspect-angle dependence, target and background configuration (singly and in synergism), and multi-spectral tradeoffs inexorably lead to a requirement for predictive signature modeling methods. By means of this stratagem, a measured signature data base can be leveraged significantly, improving the fidelity of the overall simulation. Irrespective of the specific representation used for a three-dimensional geometry and material database, rarely does a predictive signature application code read that database directly. Rather, a specific interrogation method is used to pass particular geometric and material attributes to the application code. Clearly the nature of the physics employed in the application is both enabled and constrained by the form of the interrogation process used. In this paper, several examples of predictive radar codes are given, illustrating several strikingly different ways of linking geometry to applications. Following those examples the interface methods known to the authors will be described. While many of the techniques have already been implemented, some are currently in development. In addition, the utility of various techniques will be related to particular application codes.
Gastrostomy Tube Placement in Neonates Undergoing Congenital Heart Surgery: A Novel Assessment for Improving Utilization and Timing of Placement (2021)

Patient characteristics that were associated with a high likelihood of eventual gastrostomy placement were identified in this study. Early recognition of such characteristics in future patients may allow for reduced time to gastrostomy tube placement, which in turn may improve perioperative growth and outcomes.
Humanized monoclonal antibody treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. (1991)

A 41-year-old woman with active, seropositive erosive rheumatoid arthritis was treated with the humanized monoclonal antibody Campath 1H. She had not responded or developed side effects to myocrisin, sulfasalazine and penicillamine, and had not responded to inpatient bedrest and physiotherapy. There was a rapid clinical improvement within 24 hours of infusion, which was maintained for about 12-14 weeks after the infusion. The lymphocyte count was suppressed for 7 months after treatment. There were no significant side effects during or after treatment. No anti-Campath 1H response was detected. This preliminary study suggests humanized monoclonal antibody therapy may be of value in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
ChemInform Abstract: DIAZIRINE 3. MITT. DIE SYNTH. EINER REIHE DIAZIRIN‐ENTHALTENDER MOLEKUELE UND IHRE PHARMAKOLOGISCHE AUSWERTUNG (1972)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung verschiedener Carbonsäurechloride (I) mit zahlreichen Aminen, Hydrazinen und Alkoholen und weitere Reaktionen der entstandenen Amide, Hydrazide und Ester wird eine Reihe von Diazirinderivaten (II) dargestellt.
Unequal-Cells-Based GaN HEMT Doherty Amplifier With an Extended Efficiency Range (2008)

This letter reports an extended GaN HEMT Doherty power amplifier (DPA). For high efficiency over a wide output power range, the DPA is designed using two cells with unequal saturation power (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> ). A cell with lower P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> is used as the carrier cell. For experimental validations, the carrier and peaking cells are designed and implemented with 25 W GaN HEMTs at wide-band code division multiple access (WCDMA) of 2.14 GHz, and then show the P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> of 41.3 dBm and 43.6 dBm, respectively. For the proposed DPA, the single-tone results show the power-added efficiency (PAE) of 50% at an output power of 37.3 dBm (9 dB back-off power from P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> ). For a one-carrier WCDMA signal, the PAE of 47.9% with an adjacent channel leakage ratio of -35.8 dBc is obtained at 37.3 dBm, which is 7.9% improvement compared to the conventional DPA. The PAE of 40% is maintained over an 11.4 dB back-off power.
Advances in Digital Video Content Protection (2004)

The use of digital video offers immense opportunities for creators; however, the ability for anyone to make perfect copies and the ease by which those copies can be distributed also facilitate misuse, illegal copying and distribution ("piracy"), plagiarism, and misappropriation. Popular Internet software based on a peer-to-peer architecture has been used to share copyrighted movies, music, software, and other materials. Concerned about the consequences of illegal copying and distribution on a massive scale, content owners are interested in digital rights management (DRM) systems which can protect their rights and preserve the economic value of digital video. A DRM system protects and enforces the rights associated with the use of digital content. Unfortunately, the technical challenges for securing digital content are formidable and previous approaches have not succeeded. We overview the concepts and approaches for video DRM and describe methods for providing security, including the roles of encryption and video watermarking. Current efforts and issues are described in encryption, watermarking, and key management. Lastly, we identify challenges and directions for further investigation in video DRM.
Choosing the frequency of deep inflation in mice: balancing recruitment against ventilator-induced lung injury (2006)

Low tidal volume (Vt) ventilation is protective against ventilator-induced lung injury but can promote development of atelectasis. Periodic deep inflation (DI) can open the lung, but if delivered too frequently may cause damage via repeated overdistention. We therefore examined the effects of varying DI frequency on lung mechanics, gas exchange, and biomarkers of injury in mice. C57BL/6 males were mechanically ventilated with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 2 cmH2O for 2 h. One high Vt group received a DI with each breath (HV). Low Vt groups received 2 DIs after each hour of ventilation (LV) or 2 DIs every minute (LVDI). Control groups included a nonventilated surgical sham and a group receiving high Vt with zero PEEP (HVZP). Respiratory impedance was measured every 4 min, from which tissue elastance (H) and damping (G) were derived. G and H rose progressively during LV and HVZP, but returned to baseline after hourly DI during LV. During LVDI and HV, G and H remained low and gas exchange was superior to that of LV. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein was elevated in HV and HVZP but was not different between LV and LVDI. Lung tissue IL-6 and IL-1beta levels were elevated in HVZP and lower in LVDI compared with LV. We conclude that frequent DI can safely improve gas exchange and lung mechanics and may confer protection from biotrauma. Differences between LVDI and HV suggest that an optimal frequency range of DI exists, within which the benefits of maintaining an open lung outweigh injury incurred from overdistention.
Second trimester amniotic fluid oestriol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, and human chorionic gonadotrophin levels in Down's syndrome (1991)

These results suggest that the abnormal maternal serum levels of uE3 and hCG in affected pregnancies are due mainly to abnormal feto-placental synthesis, rather than feto-maternal transfer.
Fully Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells with Organic Silane Self-Assembled Monolayer (2015)

By the introduction of an organic silane self-assembled monolayer, an interface-engineering approach is demonstrated for hole-conductor-free, fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells based on a carbon counter electrode. The self-assembled silane monolayer is incorporated between the TiO2 and CH3NH3PbI3, resulting in optimized interface band alignments and enhanced charge lifetime. The average power conversion efficiency is improved from 9.6% to 11.7%, with a highest efficiency of 12.7%, for this low-cost perovskite solar cell.
Impact of the Integrated Psychological Treatment (IPT) on social cognition, social skills and functioning in persons diagnosed with schizophrenia: A feasibility study from India (2015)

We examined the effectiveness of the Integrated Psychological Therapy (IPT) on social cognition, social skills and functioning in people diagnosed with `schizophrenia' from the Indian subcontinent, using a single group design with baseline, post and 3-month follow-up assessments. Twenty-nine clinically stable persons diagnosed with SZ were recruited and assessed on specified outcomes measures. They received 16–20 individual sessions of IPT over 2.5–3 months. The content of the IPT was culturally adapted. The first four modules of IPT were delivered. Repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) for the completers sample (N = 23) indicated significant improvements in social cognition, social skills, functioning and symptoms, which support the feasibility of the IPT in this setting.
Antigenic Diversity in the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum (1982)

Monoclonal antibodies against blood forms of Plasmodium falciparum were used to demonstrate considerable antigenic diversity in this species. Different isolates were distinguished by their ability to react with certain antibodies, and most of the antibodies reacted specifically with merozoites, schizonts, or both. The distribution of different antigenic types appeared not to be related to geographic origin. Serological typing with monoclonal antibodies extends the range of methods for identification of different strains of this malaria parasite.
The Flip Side of the Reweighted Coin: Duality of Adaptive Dropout and\n Regularization (2021)

Among the most successful methods for sparsifying deep (neural) networks are\nthose that adaptively mask the network weights throughout training. By\nexamining this masking, or dropout, in the linear case, we uncover a duality\nbetween such adaptive methods and regularization through the so-called\n"$\\eta$-trick" that casts both as iteratively reweighted optimizations. We show\nthat any dropout strategy that adapts to the weights in a monotonic way\ncorresponds to an effective subquadratic regularization penalty, and therefore\nleads to sparse solutions. We obtain the effective penalties for several\npopular sparsification strategies, which are remarkably similar to classical\npenalties commonly used in sparse optimization. Considering variational dropout\nas a case study, we demonstrate similar empirical behavior between the adaptive\ndropout method and classical methods on the task of deep network\nsparsification, validating our theory.\n
Building Approximate Calling Context from Partial Call Traces (2009)

We present an approach for building calling context information useful for program understanding, performance analysis and optimizations. Our approach exploits a lightweight profiling mechanism providing partial call traces. The goal is to reconstruct calling context information as accurately as possible, and to help the user navigate through it. We propose three steps to merge partial call traces into a smaller number of partial calling context trees. We intend to minimize errors such that the final partial contexts represent actual components of the real calling context tree with a very high probability. The first step concatenates call traces based on their common sequences. The second step converts call traces into partial calling context trees, and the last step merges partial context trees through maximal matching. To gauge how well the merged trees represent the full calling context tree, several criteria are presented. Our results indicate that call traces are successfully merged into a small number of large calling context trees. The merged trees are highly accurate.We have also developed a semi-automatic tool to navigate across partial calling context trees for program understanding and performance analysis purposes. Our results for several Java benchmarks show that our merging strategies exhibit a maximum 1% inaccuracy when compared to the exact solution.
DC/L-SIGN recognition of spike glycoprotein promotes SARS-CoV-2 trans-infection and can be inhibited by a glycomimetic antagonist (2021)

The efficient spread of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in a unique pandemic in modern history. Despite early identification of ACE2 as the receptor for viral spike protein, much remains to be understood about the molecular events behind viral dissemination. We evaluated the contribution of C-type lectin receptors (CLRS) of antigen-presenting cells, widely present in respiratory mucosa and lung tissue. DC-SIGN, L-SIGN, Langerin and MGL bind to diverse glycans of the spike using multiple interaction areas. Using pseudovirus and cells derived from monocytes or T-lymphocytes, we demonstrate that while virus capture by the CLRs examined does not allow direct cell infection, DC/L-SIGN, among these receptors, promote virus transfer to permissive ACE2+ Vero E6 cells. A glycomimetic compound designed against DC-SIGN, enable inhibition of this process. These data have been then confirmed using authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus and human respiratory cell lines. Thus, we described a mechanism potentiating viral spreading of infection.
200x Low-dose PET Reconstruction using Deep Learning (2017)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used in various clinical applications, including cancer diagnosis, heart disease and neuro disorders. The use of radioactive tracer in PET imaging raises concerns due to the risk of radiation exposure. To minimize this potential risk in PET imaging, efforts have been made to reduce the amount of radio-tracer usage. However, lowing dose results in low Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) and loss of information, both of which will heavily affect clinical diagnosis. Besides, the ill-conditioning of low-dose PET image reconstruction makes it a difficult problem for iterative reconstruction algorithms. Previous methods proposed are typically complicated and slow, yet still cannot yield satisfactory results at significantly low dose. Here, we propose a deep learning method to resolve this issue with an encoder-decoder residual deep network with concatenate skip connections. Experiments shows the proposed method can reconstruct low-dose PET image to a standard-dose quality with only two-hundredth dose. Different cost functions for training model are explored. Multi-slice input strategy is introduced to provide the network with more structural information and make it more robust to noise. Evaluation on ultra-low-dose clinical data shows that the proposed method can achieve better result than the state-of-the-art methods and reconstruct images with comparable quality using only 0.5% of the original regular dose.
Induction of erythropoietin responsiveness in murine hematopoietic cells by the gag-myb-ets-containing ME26 virus (1992)

ME26 virus, which was generated by inserting the coding region of the acute avian leukemia-inducing virus E26 into a murine retrovirus vector, encodes a 135-kDa gag-myb-ets fusion protein. Amphotropic murine leukemia virus pseudotypes of ME26 virus induce a high incidence of erythroleukemia 2 to 4 months after injection into newborn NFS/N mice. Spleen cells from the majority of these mice proliferate to high levels in the presence of the erythroid hormone erythropoietin (Epo) and can easily be established as permanent Epo-dependent cell lines. The cell lines contain multiple copies of ME26 viral DNA and express viral message and protein. An Epo receptor mRNA of normal size can be detected in these cells, and binding studies reveal a single class of lower-affinity Epo receptor with an affinity for Epo that is in the range of that previously reported for erythroid cells. The ME26 virus-induced Epo-dependent cell lines, however, appear more immature than previously described erythroid cell lines and more closely resemble early hematopoietic precursor cells, suggesting that the virus may be activating the Epo receptor in hematopoietic cells that do not normally express it. Consistent with this idea, we are able to infect an interleukin-3-dependent myeloid cell line, FDC-P2, with ME26 virus and convert it to Epo dependence. The ME26 virus-infected FDC-P2 cells, even before growth on Epo, showed a large increase in the amount of Epo receptor mRNA. However, no ME26 viral integrations can be detected adjacent to the Epo receptor gene, indicating that the virus is not activating the Epo receptor gene by promoter/enhancer insertion. Our results are more consistent with the hypothesis that the gag-myb-ets-encoded viral fusion protein, which is known to bind DNA, is directly or indirectly activating the expression of the Epo receptor gene in these cells.
Cooperative Assembly of Three‐Ring‐Based Zeolite‐Type Metal–Organic Frameworks and Johnson‐Type Dodecahedra (2011)

MOFs und MOPs: Die kooperative Anordnung von Indiumknoten mit vierfacher Konnektivität und zwei Liganden komplementärer Symmetrie ergibt Dreierring-basierte Metall-organische Zeolithgerüste vom NPO-Typ (NPO-Zeolith-MOFs) und Metall-organische Johnson-Polyeder (Johnson-MOPs; grau C, grün In, blau N, rot O). Die NPO-Zeolithe sind Halbleiter und photokatalytisch aktiv bei der Erzeugung von H2 aus Wasser mit UV-Licht.
Impact of Nanoporosity on Hydrocarbon Transport in Shales’ Organic Matter (2018)

In a context of growing attention for shale gas, the precise impact of organic matter (kerogen) on hydrocarbon recovery from unconventional reservoirs still has to be assessed. Kerogen's microstructure is characterized by a very disordered pore network that greatly affects hydrocarbon transport. The specific structure and texture of this organic matter at the nanoscale is highly dependent on its origin. In this study, by the use of statistical physics and molecular dynamics, we shed some new lights on hydrocarbon transport through realistic molecular models of kerogen at different level of maturity [ Bousige et al. Nat. Mater. 2016 , 15 , 576 ]. Despite the apparent complexity, severe confinement effects controlled by the porosity of the various kerogens allow linear alkanes (from methane to dodecane) transport to be studied only via the self-diffusion coefficients of the species. The decrease of the transport coefficients with the amount of adsorbed fluid can be described by a free volume theory. Ultimately, the transport coefficients of hydrocarbons can be expressed simply as a function of the porosity (volume fraction of void) of the microstructure, thus paving the way for shale gas recovery predictions.
Uridine nucleotide sugars in erythrocytes of patients with galactokinase deficiency (1989)

The levels of UDPglucose and UDPgalactose (UDPGal) have been measured in erythrocytes of seven patients with galactokinase deficiency. Normal levels of UDPGal were found in all patients with galactokinase deficiency (McKusick 23020). This is in contrast with reduced values of UDPGal found in patients with classical galactosaemia who have complete absence of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase activity. It was demonstrated that patients with galactokinase deficiency had an incomplete enzyme block in erythrocytes by direct enzyme assay, by 14CO2 production from [1-14C]galactose, and by the appearance of labelled intermediates, notably galactose-1-phosphate and UDPhexose.