gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manipulation and dynamic mechanical testing of microscopic objects using a tele-micro-robot system (1990)

A microrobot having two high-performance parallel drive limbs which has been developed for manipulation, surgery, and dynamic mechanical testing of very small objects such as single living cells is described. The end points of each limb move in overlapping spherical workspaces of 1-mm diameter with minimum open- and closed-loop movements of 1 nm and 10 nm, respectively. The displacement bandwidth of all six microrobot axes exceeds 1 kHz for small displacements. A three-dimensional laser vision system with a resolution of 50 to 100 nm has been developed to provide the microrobot with volume images containing magnitude, phase, polarization, and spectral information. A macro version of the microrobot has been built to permit force-reflecting teleoperation of the microrobot. The telemicrorobot system permits both microscopic objects and continuum models to be felt. A high-performance parallel computer has been designed, and partially constructed, to meet the substantial computational and control requirements of the telemicrorobot system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Drug Assays for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory (1987)

Abstract The growth of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has significantly aided the work of the clinical pharmacokinetics laboratory. Because of its precision, sensitivity, selectivity and flexibility many analytical problems can be solved with the purchase of one instrument. We illustrate how HPLC can function in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM), large scale pharmacokinetic studies and address clinical and pharmacological problems. We also provide a condensed summary of conditions for three assays of particular value to the Research Pharmacokinetics Laboratory; for antipyrine, indocyanine green (ICG) and propranolol.
Single-molecule and -particle spectroscopy in Leiden: absorption, scattering and fluorescence (2022)

Abstract Detection of single molecules or particles avoids ensemble averaging and thus is able to provide a very local heterogeneous information which is not available from an ensemble measurement. Single molecules or particles can be detected based on their three characteristic optical properties, absorption, scattering and fluorescence/photoluminescence, in addition to their label-free detection. This short review focuses on our group’s research towards understanding and imaging the above three kinds of optical signals from single molecules and particles.
One-Dimensional Ion Transport in Self-Organized Columnar Ionic Liquids (2004)

New fan-shaped ionic liquids forming columnar liquid crystalline phases have been prepared to obtain one-dimensional ion-transporting materials. The ionic liquids consist of two incompatible parts: an imidazolium-based ionic part as an ion-conducting part and tris(alkyloxy)phenyl parts as insulating parts. Two compounds having octyl and dodecyl chains have been synthesized. Self-assembly of these materials leads to the formation of thermotropic hexagonal columnar liquid crystalline states at room temperature. Anisotropic one-dimensional ionic conductivities have been successfully measured by the cells having comb-shaped gold electrodes. The self-organized columns have been aligned macroscopically in two directions by shearing perpendicular and parallel to the electrodes. The ionic conductivities parallel to the column axis are higher than those perpendicular to the axis. The incorporation of lithium salts in these columnar materials leads to the enhancement of the ionic conductivities and their anisotropy. These materials would be useful for anisotropic transportation of ions at the nanometer level.
BER Performance Analysis of FEC Incorporated OFDM-MPSK over Rician Channel (2015)

OFDM comes out as a key technology in contemporary wireless communication systems. OFDM offers a diverse kind of advantages like fading immunity, eminent data rate transmission, and efficient bandwidth capabilities. In order to have a reliable errorfree communication, various channel coding schemes viz. Convolution Codes (CC), Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) and Reed-Solomon (RS)encoding and decoding schemes are being used at the transmitter and receiver side. These channel encoding schemes makes possible the error detection and correction possible at the receiver end. In present work, an OFDM system based on the diverse level of M-PSK digital modulation scheme is demonstrated integrating dissimilar channel encoding techniques over the Rician fading channel. Bit Error Rate (BER) assessment as a function of SNR is being presented for the simulated testbed. The simulation results present a substantial enhancement in BER performance of the simulated system using BCH over CC and RS. Also, as we keep on increasing the level of modulation scheme to get higher efficiency the BER performance keeps on degrading due to diminishing Euclidean distance between the constellation points. This degradation in BER performance is compensated by increasing the SNR values to get the desired BER performance. For all the diverse level of M-PSK modulation the RS encoding offers an advantage of 2-3 dB over convolution encoding to achieve a desired BER performance, but BCH enhances this performance further by providing an improvement of 2-3 dB over RS encoding schemes for all diverse level of M-PSK over Rician channel. Keywords: BCH, BER, CC, FEC, M-PSK, OFDM, RS
Impulsive noise excision and performance analysis (2010)

Interference can be a major impediment to the operational performance of radar systems. A common source of interference is impulsive noise which may appear due to regional lighting discharges or local man-made noise sources. Impulsive noise is characterized as having a large amplitude and short duration and therefore only affects a small portion of the time series. Unpredictable frequency distortion may occur during the impulsive noise period, which is partially caused by the non-perfect response of the receiver front end. In this paper we present several linear prediction methods that are used to remove the impulsive noise without introducing frequency leakage over the signal band. Theoretical performances are analyzed and compared for these methods. The effectiveness of prediction methods relative to traditional excision techniques are also demonstrated using experimental data.
Characterization of the Role of the ToxR-Modulated Outer Membrane Porins OmpU and OmpT in Vibrio cholerae Virulence (2001)

ToxR, the transmembrane regulatory protein required for expression of virulence factors in the human diarrheal pathogen Vibrio cholerae, directly activates and represses the transcription of two outer membrane porins, OmpU and OmpT, respectively. In an attempt to dissect the role of the OmpU and OmpT porins in viability and virulence factor expression, in-frame chromosomal deletions were constructed in the coding sequences of ompU and ompT of V. cholerae. Two separate deletions were introduced into ompU; the first (small) deletion, Delta ompU1, removed the coding sequence for 84 internal amino acids (aa), while the second (large) deletion, Delta ompU2, removed the coding sequence for the entire amino-terminal 274 aa. The Delta ompU1 strain had a growth defect that could not be complemented by episomal expression of full-length ompU. In contrast, a strain with Delta ompU2 displayed wild-type growth kinetics in rich media, suggesting that this is the true phenotype of a strain lacking OmpU and that the truncated OmpU protein, rather than the absence of OmpU, may be the cause for the Delta ompU1 phenotype. A large deletion removing the coding sequence for the entire N-terminal 273 aa of OmpT (Delta ompT) was also constructed in wild-type as well as Delta toxR and Delta ompU2 strains, and these strains displayed wild-type growth kinetics in rich media. However, the Delta ompU2 strain was deficient for growth in deoxycholate compared to wild-type, Delta ompT, and Delta ompU2 Delta ompT strains, reinforcing a positive role for the OmpU porin and a negative role for the OmpT porin in V. cholerae resistance to anionic detergents. The Delta ompU2, Delta ompT, and Delta ompU2 Delta ompT strains exhibited wild-type levels of in vitro virulence factor expression and resistance to polymyxin B and serum and in vivo colonization levels similar to a wild-type strain in the infant mouse intestine. Our results demonstrate that (i) OmpU and OmpT are not essential proteins, as was previously thought; (ii) these porins contribute to V. cholerae resistance to anionic detergents; and (iii) OmpU and OmpT are not essential for virulence factor expression in vitro or intestinal colonization in vivo.
Implicit array bounds checking on 64-bit architectures (2006)

Several programming languages guarantee that array subscripts are checked to ensure they are within the bounds of the array. While this guarantee improves the correctness and security of array-based code, it adds overhead to array references. This has been an obstacle to using higher-level languages, such as Java, for high-performance parallel computing, where the language specification requires that all array accesses must be checked to ensure they are within bounds. This is because, in practice, array-bounds checking in scientific applications may increase execution time by more than a factor of 2. Previous research has explored optimizations to statically eliminate bounds checks, but the dynamic nature of many scientific codes makes this difficult or impossible. Our approach is, instead, to create a compiler and operating system infrastructure that does not generate explicit bounds checks. It instead places arrays inside of Index Confinement Regions (ICRs), which are large, isolated, mostly unmapped virtual memory regions. Any array reference outside of its bounds will cause a protection violation; this provides implicit bounds checking. Our results show that when applying this infrastructure to high-performance computing programs written in Java, the overhead of bounds checking relative to a program with no bounds checks is reduced from an average of 63% to an average of 9%.
Technology Integration Overview (1999)

This paper describes an Overview of Technology Integration. The topics include: 1) Technology Concept Airplane Description; 2) LCAP Overview; and 3) ACE (Aeroelastic Concept Engineering) Overview.
A general strategy for the bacterial expression of amyloidogenic peptides using BCL‐XL‐1/2 fusions (2009)

Biophysical studies on amyloidogenic and aggregation-prone peptides often require large quantities of material. However, solid-phase synthesis, handling, and purification of peptides often present challenges on these scales. Recombinant expression is an attractive alternative because of its low cost, the ability to isotopically label the peptides, and access to sequences exceeding approximately 50 residues. However, expression systems that seek to solubilize amyloidogenic peptides suffer from low yields, difficult optimizations, and isolation challenges. We present a general strategy for expressing and isolating amyloidogenic peptides in Escherichia coli by fusion to a polypeptide that drives the expression of attached peptides into bacterial inclusion bodies. This scheme minimizes toxicity during bacterial growth and enables the processing and handling of the peptides in denaturing solutions. Immobilized metal affinity chromatography, reverse phase HPLC, and cyanogen bromide cleavage are used to isolate the peptide, followed by further reverse phase HPLC, which yields milligram quantities of the purified peptide. We demonstrate that driving the peptides into inclusion bodies using fusion to BCL-XL-1/2 is a general strategy for their expression and isolation, as exemplified by the production of 11 peptides species.
Review of The Invasion of the Dutch East Indies (2016)

Page range: 129-136
An adaptive image coding algorithm based on noncausal LPC and vector quantization (2003)

An experimental study is reported of a new adaptive monochrome image coding algorithm based on a noncausal linear predictive model and vector quantization. The input image is partitioned into blocks in this algorithm, and a scalar quantizer is designed for the sample mean. Adaptation is achieved in two stages. First, 2-D noncausal linear-predictive-coding (LPC) analysis is performed on the image blocks and the resulting linear predictors are vector quantized. Then the residual signals are coded with an adaptive vector quantizer which uses the spectrum and residual energy information from the LPC codes to control bit allocation. Experimental results show that good coding quality can be achieved at low bit rates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Head motion anticipation for virtual-environment applications using kinematics and EMG energy (2006)

Real-time human-computer interaction plays an important role in virtual-environment (VE) applications. Such interaction can be improved by detecting and reacting to the user's head motion. Today's VE systems use head-mounted inertial sensors to update and spatially stabilize the image displayed to a user through a head-mounted display. Since motion can only be detected after it has already occurred, latencies in the stabilization scheme can only be reduced but never eliminated. Such latencies slow down manual control, cause inaccuracies in matching real and virtual objects through a half-transparent display, and reduce the sense of presence. This paper presents novel methods for reducing VE latencies by anticipating future head motion based on electromyographic (EMG) signals originating from the major neck muscles and head kinematics; it also reports results for anticipation of 17.5 and 35 ms. Features extracted from the EMG signals are used to train a neural network in mapping EMG data, given present head kinematics, into future head motion. The trained network is then used in real time for head-motion anticipation, which gives the VE system the time advantage necessary to compensate for the inherent latencies. The main contribution of this work is the use of EMG energy and bounded head acceleration as the key input/output information, which results in improved performance compared to the previous work
The potential role of glucagon-like peptide 1 in diabetes. (2004)

The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has a promising potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes due to its glucose-dependent insulinotropic and glucagonostatic properties. In addition, the peptide potently decelerates gastric emptying and inhibits appetite, thereby leading to reduced food intake. In animal studies, GLP-1 has been demonstrated to increase B-cell mass via inhibition of apoptosis and stimulation of B-cell replication and neogenesis. However, an in vivo half-life in the range of minutes limits the therapeutic use of the native peptide GLP-1. Different pharmacological approaches to overcome these problems are currently being evaluated. They include the continuous parenteral administration of the peptide via infusion pumps, the inhibition of its in vivo degradation and the generation or use of modified derivatives/analogs of GLP-1 displaying prolonged biological activity. The physiological effects of GLP-1 and its pharmacokinetic limitations will be reviewed here, and the current therapeutic approaches based on GLP-1 discussed.
Predicting text quality: Metrics for content, organization and reader interest (2013)

When people read articles---news, fiction or technical---most of the time if not always, they form perceptions about its quality. Some articles are well-written and others are poorly written. This thesis explores if such judgements can be automated so that they can be incorporated into applications such as information retrieval and automatic summarization.\nText quality does not involve a single aspect but is a combination of numerous and diverse criteria including spelling, grammar, organization, informative nature, creative and beautiful language use, and page layout. In the education domain, comprehensive lists of such properties are outlined in the rubrics used for assessing writing. But computational methods for text quality have addressed only a handful of these aspects, mainly related to spelling, grammar and organization. In addition, some text quality aspects could be more relevant for one genre versus another. But previous work have placed little focus on specialized metrics based on the genre of texts.\nThis thesis proposes new insights and techniques to address the above issues. We introduce metrics that score varied dimensions of quality such as content, organization and reader interest. For content, we present two measures: specificity and verbosity level. Specificity measures the amount of detail present in a text while verbosity captures which details are essential to include. We measure organization quality by quantifying the regularity of the intentional structure in the article and also using the specificity levels of adjacent sentences in the text. Our reader interest metrics aim to identify engaging and interesting articles. The development of these measures is backed by the use of articles from three different genres: academic writing, science journalism and automatically generated summaries. Proper presentation of content is critical during summarization because summaries have a word limit. Our specificity and verbosity metrics are developed with this genre as the focus. The argumentation structure of academic writing lends support to the idea of using intentional structure to model organization quality. Science journalism articles convey research findings in an engaging manner and are ideally suited for the development and evaluation of measures related to reader interest.
A modal aeroelastic analysis scheme for turbomachinery blading (1991)

An aeroelastic analysis is developed which has general application to all types of axial-flow turbomachinery blades. The approach is based on linear modal analysis, where the blade's dynamic response is represented as a linear combination of contributions from each of its in-vacuum free vibrational modes. A compressible linearized unsteady potential theory is used to model the flow over the oscillating blades. The two-dimensional unsteady flow is evaluated along several stacked axisymmetric strips along the span of the airfoil. The unsteady pressures at the blade surface are integrated to result in the generalized force acting on the blade due to simple harmonic motions. The unsteady aerodynamic forces are coupled to the blade normal modes in the frequency domain using modal analysis. An iterative eigenvalue problem is solved to determine the stability of the blade when the unsteady aerodynamic forces are included in the analysis. The approach is demonstrated by applying it to a high-energy subsonic turbine blade from a rocket engine turbopump power turbine. The results indicate that this turbine could undergo flutter in an edgewise mode of vibration.
Emission of nitrogen oxides and ammonia from varying rates of applied synthetic urine and correlations with soil chemistry (2003)

Synthetic urine was applied at 5 rates, from 0 to 1000 kg synthetic urine-N/ha, to a pasture soil under controlled laboratory conditions. Gaseous emissions of NOx and NH3 were monitored for up to 21 days following application using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry with N2O measured using electron-capture gas chromatography. During this period soil replicates were destructively sampled to measure changes in soil pH and inorganic-N concentrations. Comparisons were made between measured soil variables, calculated soil concentrations of NH3(g), HNO2, and the measured gas fluxes. At N rates up to 500 kg N/ha, inorganic-N concentrations increased as nitrification progressed over time. With the exception of the 1000 kg N/ha treatment, NO production followed the pattern of increasing nitrification, reaching a maximum of 905 ng NO-N/cm2.h in the 500 kg N/ha treatment 14 days after synthetic urine application. At this time the NO flux was associated best with soil pH, NH4+, and NO2– levels. Over 21 days the maximum cumulative loss as NO-N and N2O-N occurred under the 100 kg N/ha urine treatment, with 6.6 and 6.4% of N applied lost as gas, respectively. NO2 gas fluxes paralleled the NO emissions but were an order of magnitude smaller. Nitrification was inhibited in the 1000 kg N/ha treatment due to the sustained high ammoniacal-N and pH conditions present. These conditions prolonged the NH3 volatilisation from this treatment. NH3 volatilisation, as determined by selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry, was linearly related to calculated soil NH3 gas concentrations up to 500 kg N/ha on Day 1.
FK 506 and Cyclosporin Compared with Regard to Early Post-Transplant Liver Function (1993)

s Third International Congress of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology: PDF Only
Alzheimer therapeutics—what after the cholinesterase inhibitors? (2006)

In the 1970s and early 1980s, biochemical and neuropathological evidence emerged, implicating the degeneration of basal forebrain acetylcholinergic neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [1]. The ‘cholinergic hypothesis’ of AD held that cholinergic dysfunction causes cognitive decline and that dementia therefore might be mitigated by the augmentation of acetylcholine activity in brain. The logical therapeutic objective was to boost the levels of the transmitter by inhibiting its catabolic enzyme, acetylcholinesterase. Today, several cholinesterase inhibitors are marketed for the treatment of mild-to-moderate dementia. They have been demonstrated to improve, relative to placebo, various cognitive and functional capacities [2], and there is evidence that they may slow the pathogenesis of AD [3]. Additionally, an inhibitor of ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors (memantine) recently was approved for use in moderate-to-severe dementia [4]. However, because multiple neuronal systems are severely damaged in AD, the benefits of agents that selectively target the activity of certain transmitters are small. The limitations of the current generation of AD therapies led, in 2005, to a tentative proposal by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) not to recommend donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine or memantine for the treatment of dementia (provisional recommendation of the cholinesterase inhibitors for moderate dementia has since been reinstated; the final recommendations are due in July 2006 [5]). Although these drugs offer hope, and probably some benefit, to many patients, the improvements are modest and mainly symptomatic, and the patients and their families must eventually face the reality that the drugs cannot halt the relentless deterioration of mental capacities. Fortunately, recent research on the fundamental pathogenesis of AD reveals promising new strategies for arresting or preventing the disease.
Catalytic Activity of Modified ZSM-5 Zeolites in the Dehydrogenation and Aromatization Reactions of Propane and n-Butane (1993)

International audience
Intrathecal RGS4 Inhibitor, CCG50014, Reduces Nociceptive Responses and Enhances Opioid-Mediated Analgesic Effects in the Mouse Formalin Test (2015)

These findings demonstrated that spinal RGS4 inhibited the endogenous or exogenous OR-mediated antinociceptive effect in the formalin pain test. Thus, the inhibition of RGS4 activity can enhance OR agonist-induced analgesia. The enhancement of OR agonist-induced analgesia by coadministration of the RGS4 inhibitor suggests a new therapeutic strategy for the management of inflammatory pain.