gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entropic Barriers in Nanoscale Adhesion Studied by Variable Temperature Chemical Force Microscopy (2003)

Intermolecular interactions drive the vast majority of condensed phase phenomena from molecular recognition to protein folding to particle adhesion. Complex energy barriers encountered in these interactions include contributions from van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, and solvent medium. With the spectacular exception of hydrophobic interactions, contributions from the medium are usually considered secondary. We report a variable temperature force microscopy study of the interactions between several hydrogen bonds in different solvents that challenges this point of view. Surprisingly, we observed an increase in the strength of the interaction between carboxylic acid groups in ethanol as the temperature increased. Moreover, when we switched to a nonpolar solvent we observed the opposite behavior: The binding force decreased as the temperature increased. Kinetic model of bond dissociation provided quantitative interpretation of our measurements. We attributed the observed phenomena to a large entropic contribution from the ordered solvent layers that are forming on the probe and sample surfaces upon detachment. The observed reversal in the force vs temperature trend is a manifestation of a transition between thermodynamic and kinetic regimes of unbinding predicted by the model. Our results indicate that entropic barriers dominated by the interactions of solvent molecules with the surface exist in a much wider variety of systems than previously thought.
A TES development and test facility at Cardiff, and a solution to the optical saturation problem of superconducting bolometers (2004)

The Astronomical Instrumentation Group at University of Cardiff is already a UK center for submillimetre bolometric detector testing. The next generation of submillimetre astronomical instrumentation will incorporate arrays of transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers. With the recently expanded facilities and personnel, the University of Cardiff is poised to become a UK centre for TES development and testing. We have undertaken a coordinated programme to develop TES simulation and test capabilities. One aspect of the programme is to address the problem of saturation of TES bolometers at high optical loads. We have developed a "tunable-G" device, which can vary its thermal conductance whilst in operation. For infrastructure, several sub-Kelvin cryogenic testbeds have been specifically designed to suit the requirements of testing submillimetre TES development bolometers. A description of our tunable-G device to solve the optical saturation problem will be given along with a description of the test facilities available at Cardiff.
The Influence of Algal Exudate on the Hygroscopicity of Sea Spray Particles (2010)

We examined the effect of organic matter released by four different algal species on the hygroscopic growth and droplet activation behaviour of laboratory‐generated marine aerosol particles. Hygroscopic growth factors and dry diameters for activation were reduced by less than 10%, compared to that of sodium chloride or of artificial seawater that was devoid of marine surfactants. Concentration‐dependent nonideal behaviour was observed for the artificial seawater. But within measurement uncertainty, the measured hygroscopic growth and droplet activation behaviour for the samples that contained organic matter were consistent with a hygroscopicity parameter that was constant between the sub‐ and supersaturated measurement points. Also, the hygroscopic growth measured for hydrated particles after 3 and after 10 seconds was similar, which implies that in this time range no kinetic effects were detected.
Tumor metastases and cell‐mediated immunity in a model system in DBA/2 mice. V. Transfer of protective immunity with H‐2 identical immune T cells from B10.D2 mice (1979)

Abstract Evidence is presented for the existence of immune T lymphocytes which have protective activity in vivo against the lethal effects of a metastasizing tumor. ESb, the metastasizing tumor cell line of our model system, which is highly malignant in syngeneic DBA/2 mice, can be rejected when transplanted into B10.D2 mice. Since B10.D2 and DBA/2 mice are identical at the H‐2 complex, cells could be transferred from the tumor‐resistant into the susceptible strain to determine whether they could confer protective immunity in a syngeneic environment containing disseminated ESb tumor cells. Protective immunity against ESb could be transferred into DBA/2 with spleen cells but not with ascites fluid from B10.D2 mice preimmunized against the ESb tumor cells. B10.D2 spleen cells taken between 6 and 22 days after tumor transplantation had protective immunity, while cells taken from animals 3 days after tumor transplantation, or from normal animals, had no significant protective effect. The cells in B10.D2 immune spleens with protective activity were sensitive to treatment with anti‐theta serum and complement and did not adhere to nylon‐wool columns. Such nylon‐wool column‐passed cells which were enriched for T lymphocytes had a higher protective activity then the unfractionated cells. DBA/2 mice which received viable ESb tumor cells subcutaneously on day 0 could be protected by intravenous inoculation of B10.D2 immune spleen cells only when these were given after the tumor cells (day +1, +3, +5, +7), not when given before (day −3 or −1). The mechanisms of protective immunity against tumor metastasis and the significance of our findings for completely syngeneic tumor systems will be discussed.
Calcium-activated cation channel in rat portal vein myocytes. (1991)

A rapid transient rise in the free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is one of the earliest events in smooth muscle cell activation and is involved in the opening of several classes of Ca2(+)-sensitive ion channels such as K+ channels and Cl- channels. In portal vein smooth muscle cells, in addition to the Ca(2+)-dependent Cl-current, single-channel activities were recorded in response to external application of 10 mM caffeine, in the absence of EGTA in the pipette solution. The conductance of this novel type of channel was around 200 pS for membrane potentials ranging between -100 to +60 mV. The single-channel activities were also induced by external application of noradrenaline (10(-5) M) or acetylcholine (10(-5) M), by Ca2+ entry through voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-channels, and by intracellular application of ryanodine (10(-5) M). The caffeine-activated single-channel currents disappeared when 10 mM EGTA were added to the pipette solution or after replacement of external Ca2+ with Ba2+. These results show that these channels are Ca(2+)-dependent. Alteration of the Cl- equilibrium potential did not produce any change in the reversal potential of the caffeine-activated single-channel current, indicating that it was not carried by Cl- ions. The value of the reversal potential was about + 10 mV, irrespective of the CsCl-, KCl- or NaCl-containing solutions used to fill the pipette. Caffeine activated single-channel currents when cells were bathed in 90 mM Ba2+ plus 1 mM Ca(2+)- or 91 mM Ca(2+)-containing solutions, showing that divalent cations permeate the channels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Surface roughness measurement with optical fibers (1992)

The development of a new method of surface roughness measurement utilizing optical fibers is discussed., Two general types of fiber-optic roughness measurement are presented, intensity-based and polarization-based, which require use of either multimode or single-mode polarization-preserving optical fibers. Some configurations, including different constructions of a fiber-optic head, and the specific requirements for optical fibers are also discussed. The data obtained from the intensity and polarization measurements are correlated with some roughness parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Relation between industrialization and the distribution and growth of epiphytic lichens and mosses in Montreal (1970)

Epiphytic mosses and lichens are very sensitive to air pollution. Their gradual disappearance from large cities and from the vicinity of industrialized complexes is due, mostly, to phytotoxicants. A simple method to map the long-range effect of air pollution on corticolous epiphytes is described. An I.A.P. or "index of atmospheric pollution" based on the number of species present, their coverage and frequency, and their specific tolerance to pollutants can be expressed quantitatively.
A Case of Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus Presenting Delayed Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Circulating Autoantibody to Annexin A6 (2007)

Patients with neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) often have congenital heart block with or without heart failure and are born to mothers who have anti-SS-A and/or anti-SS-B antibodies. NLE has been considered to result from the placental transmission of maternal autoantibodies into the fetal circulation causing myocardial damage. We report a case of NLE with congenital heart block who had undergone pacemaker implantation at the age of 17, and then developed dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) at the age of 19, which is much later than in most other cases. The patient's mother was positive for anti-SS-A and anti-SS-B antibodies, whereas the patient was negative for both anti-SS-A and anti-SS-B antibodies. There were some autoantibodies against cell surface antigens of cardiac myocytes in the serum from the patient, and annexin A6 was identified as one of the autoantigens. This is the first report demonstrating that annexin A6 is involved in the myocardial injury in patients with NLE. The results indicate that inhibition of annexin A6 function may prevent autoantibody-mediated myocardial injury in at least some cases of DCM.
Compartment Syndrome After Tibial Intramedullary Nail Removal and Intramedullary Debridement (2023)

This is a unique case of postoperative compartment syndrome after IM debridement and tibial hardware removal. A high index of suspicion should be prioritized in patients who complain of severe or unexpected pain to mitigate delays in diagnosis and aid in early treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: Centdaroic Acid, a New Diterpene Acid from Cedrus deodara. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification of Residues Responsible for the Selective Binding of Peptide Antagonists and Agonists in the V2 Vasopressin Receptor (1998)

To improve our understanding of the functional architecture of G protein-coupled receptors, we have taken advantage of differences among mammalian species in ligand binding to search for the rat versus human selectivity determinants of the V2 vasopressin receptor and of its peptide ligands. Our data indicate that residue 2 of species-selective peptide antagonists such as d(CH2)5-[D-Ile2,Ile4, Tyr-NH29]arginine vasopressin controls their rat versus human selectivity. For species-selective agonists such as desmopressin, residues 1 and 8 modulate the binding selectivity. Among residues different between rat and human V2 receptors, those localized in the upper part of the human V2 receptor have been substituted with their rat V2 homologs. Pharmacological analysis of mutant receptors revealed that residues 202 and 304 fully control the species selectivity of the discriminating antagonists in an independent and additive manner. A third residue (position 100) is necessary to observe an equivalent phenomenon for the discriminating agonists. The substitution of these three residues does not modify the affinity of the nonselective agonists and antagonists. In conclusion, extracellular loops and the top of the transmembrane domains of V2 vasopressin receptors may provide the molecular basis for peptide ligand-binding species selectivity. Very few residues in these regions may control the binding mode of both agonists and antagonists.
Identification of the viral genes responsible for growth of strains of reovirus in cultured mouse heart cells. (1991)

Viral growth in specific tissue is usually required in order to lead to pathology. Two reovirus isolates (type 1 Lang and type 3 Dearing) differ in their capacity to grow in cultured mouse heart cells. The mammalian reoviruses contain a genome of 10 double-stranded RNA gene segments. By the use of 37 reassortant viruses (consisting of viruses with different combinations of genes derived from the two parents), difference in capacity of different strains to grow in heart cells was mapped to three different genes, all of which encode viral core proteins: the M1 gene (P less than 0.000044); the L1 gene (P = 0.00094); and the L3 gene (P = 0.019). Using the same set of reassortant viruses, the L1 (P = 0.00015) and L3 (P = 0.0065) genes were involved in differences of the ability of viral strains to grow in mouse L cells (fibroblasts), but the M1 gene (P = 0.12) was not. These findings suggest that the M1 gene plays an important and specific role in determining the relative capacity of certain viral strains to grow in the heart. Thus, we have identified viral genes responsible for differing growth capacity in heart muscle cells in culture. These findings provide a novel system for studies of viral myocarditis at a molecular genetic level.
Testing for Neglected Nonlinearity Using Twofold Unidentified Models under the Null and Hexic Expansions (2014)

Abstract We revisit the twofold identification problem discussed by Cho, Ishida, and White (2011), which arises when testing for neglected nonlinearity by artificial neural networks. We do not use the so-called “no-zero” condition and employ a sixth-order expansion to obtain the asymptotic null distribution of the quasi-likelihood ratio (QLR) test. In particular, we avoid restricting the number of explanatory variables in the activation function by using the distance and direction method discussed in Cho and White (2012). We find that the QLR test statistic can still be used to handle the twofold identification problem appropriately under the set of mild regularity conditions provided here, so that the asymptotic null distribution can be obtained in a manner similar to that in Cho, Ishida, and White ( 2011). This also implies that the weighted bootstrap in Hansen (1996) can be successfully exploited when testing the linearity hypothesis using the QLR test.
Community participation and tourism attitudes in Belize (2006)

Even though existing literature has emphasized the importance of the host’ attitudes, research in general hasignored the role of ethnic identities within communities. The purpose of this study was to identify the relevance and importanceof ethnicity for tourism attitudes. The research site consists of two communities, Placencia and Seine Bight, in Belize,Central America. The effects of a number of determinants such as environmental awareness and intensity of contact ontourism attitudes are examined. Nearly 110 households were selected using a random sampling plan of which 107 householdsagreed to participate in this study. In general there appears to be broad-based support for tourism as an economic activity.Tourism as a form of development has increased the flow of non-tourist migration to the villages. The rise of tourism hasbrought residents of both Placencia and Seine Bight closer together. The policy implications of the study are also discussed. Keywords: Tourism, attitudes, environmental awareness Aunque la presente literatura a enfatizado la importancia de la investigacion en general se ha ignorado deidentidades etnicas entre comunidades. El proposito de este estudio fue para identificar la importancia relevante de lasactitudes etnicas de el turismo. El sitio de investigacion consiste en dos comunidades, Placencia y Seine Bight, en Belize,America Central. Los efectos del el numero de determinantes como las alertas ambientales y la intensidad con el contactoen las actitudes del turismo son examinadas. Casi 110 casas de familia fueron seleccionadas sin un plan definido, 107 deellas aceptaron participar en este estudio. Generalmente aparenta ser un apoyo al turismo exterior como una actividadeconomica. El turismo como una manera de proyecto de elaboracion a incrementado el crecimiento de la migracion noturisticaa los pueblos. El aumento del turismo ha traido residentes de Placencia y Seine Bight mas unidos. El curso deaccion e implicaciones de este estudio son tambien discutidas. Palabras claves: Turismo, actitudes, preocupacion ambiental
Recombinant PDGF enhances megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro (1995)

The effect of recombinant platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on both murine and human megakaryocyte colony formation was studied in the plasma clot culture system. PDGF significantly stimulates megakaryocyte colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum concentration which had a significant stimulating effect on colony forming unit megakaryocyte (CFU-MK) was 10 ng/ml and maximum stimulation occurred at 50 ng/ml. The effect of PDGF was compared with that of interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), erythropoietin (EPO) and acid fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) on megakaryocyte colony formation. The results showed that megakaryocyte colony stimulating activity of PDGF was slightly higher than those of GM-CSF and aFGF, but lower than those of IL-3, IL-6 and EPO. The effect of PDGF in combination with IL-3 or IL-6 on megakaryocyte colony formation was also investigated. No synergistic action was found between PDGF and IL-3 or IL-6, but an additive effect was observed with IL-3 plus IL-6. We also studied the effects of PDGF in combination with anti-IL6, anti-IL-3 or anti-GM-CSF antibody. The increase of megakaryocyte colony formation induced by PDGF was partially inhibited by anti-IL-6 or anti-GM-CSF antibody but not by anti-IL-3 antibody. These results indicate that PDGF is a positive regulator for megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro and IL-6 and GM-CSF may play a role in the mechanism whereby PDGF stimulates megakaryocytopoiesis.
{SPIN}: Seamless Operating System Integration of Peer-to-Peer {DMA} Between SSDs and GPUs (2017)

Recent GPUs enable Peer-to-Peer Direct Memory Access (p2p) from fast peripheral devices like NVMe SSDs to exclude the CPU from the data path between them for efficiency. Unfortunately, using p2p to access files is challenging because of the subtleties of low-level non-standard interfaces, which bypass the OS file I/O layers and may hurt system performance. Developers must possess intimate knowledge of low-level interfaces to manually handle the subtleties of data consistency and misaligned accesses.We present SPIN, which integrates p2p into the standard OS file I/O stack, dynamically activating p2p where appropriate, transparently to the user. It combines p2p with page cache accesses, re-enables read-ahead for sequential reads, all while maintaining standard POSIX FS consistency, portability across GPUs and SSDs, and compatibility with virtual block devices such as software RAID.We evaluate SPIN on NVIDIA and AMD GPUs using standard file I/O benchmarks, application traces, and end-to-end experiments. SPIN achieves significant performance speedups across a wide range of workloads, exceeding p2p throughput by up to an order of magnitude. It also boosts the performance of an aerial imagery rendering application by 2.6× by dynamically adapting to its input-dependent file access pattern, enables 3.3× higher throughput for a GPU-accelerated log server, and enables 29% faster execution for the highly optimized GPU-accelerated image collage with only 30 changed lines of code.
Cellulose Degradation in an Acetic Acid Environment (2000)

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyse off-gassing from three archival boxes that had an acidic smell. A number of volatile organic compounds were found, including acetic (ethanoic) acid, likely to be generated by Jade 403, a poly (vinyl acetate/ethylene) adhesive that had been used in the boxes. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of acetic acid vapour on pure cellulose paper using cold extraction pH and viscometric determination of the average degree of polymerization (DPv) of cellulose dissolved in cadoxen. Whatman No. 1 paper samples were exposed to 200, 20 and 3mgm–3 of acetic acid vapour for 40 and 80 days. The degree of degradation both immediately after exposure and following artificial aging at 80°C and 65% RH for 30 and 60 days was significant in all samples except those exposed for 80 days at 3mgm–3. The results suggest that the effect of acetic acid on paper most likely occurs over the long term after the exposure. Concerns about acid-emitting materials being in contact with or in the vicinity of paper-based materials in museums and archives are discussed, based on these results, and preventive measures are recommended.
Study on synthesis of saframine O (2005)

Synthesize saframine O using o-toluidine as primer reactant by diazotization, coupling reaction, reduction reaction, and oxidation. It was found that the yield of saframine O was up to 73.87% under a definite condition. The condition were as follows: diazotization is 2h,-6～-1℃; coupling reaction is 3 h, 33～35℃;reduction reaction is 6h, 95℃; oxidation reaction is 4h, 98～102℃.
The role of von Willebrand factor in hemostasis pathology (2023)

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric plasma glycoprotein present in endothelial cells, megakaryocytes, platelets, and connective tissue. It mediates platelet adhesion in small arteries. VWF also binds and protects coagulation factor VIII from degradation. Moreover, VWF is involved in inflammatory response, linking hemostasis and inflammation. VWF multimers and platelets attached to damaged or activated endothelium mediate leukocyte recruitment, facilitating local inflammatory response. At shear rates above 5000 s –1 , VWF molecules are capable of hydrodynamic activation that changes their conformation from globular to fibrillar. Therefore, VWF plays a key role in cellular hemostasis at high shear rates. Acquired and inherited disfunction, defective synthesis or increased proteolysis of VWF multimers lead to bleeding, as in von Willebrand disease or Heyde syndrome. Pathological activation of VWF may lead to the development of thrombotic complications of coronary artery disease. COVID-19, especially severe form, is characterized by prothrombotic shift in pulmonary vascular bed. Following endothelial damage, VWF plasma level rises and ADAMTS-13 activity decreases. In patients with COVID-19, a change in the VWF/ADAMTS-13 ratio is associated with an increase in the risk of thromboembolic complications. Therefore, assessment of hydrodynamic activation of VWF under flow conditions may be valuable in fundamental research and laboratory diagnostics.