gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COLLAGENASE AND ELASTASE ACTIVITIES IN HUMAN AND MURINE CANCER CELLS AND THEIR MODULATION BY DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE (1983)

The transformation from carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma occurs when tumor cells traverse extracellular matracies allowing them to move into parenchymal tissues. Tumor invasion may be aided by the secretion of collagen and elastin degrading proteases from tumor and tumor-associated cells. In this study ~ the production of Type I and Type V collagen degrading activities and elastolytic activities by DLD-1 human colon carcinoma cells, B16-F10 murine melanoma cells, and normal human dermal fibroblasts was examined. DLD-1 cells and normal fibroblasts produced similarly high levels of collagenolytic activity. DLD-1 cells also produced high levels of elastinolytic activity; this activity was found exclusively in the extracellular medium. DLD-1 cells and normal fibroblasts produced more collagen and elastin degrading activity than did B16-F10 melanoma cells, a cell line characterized as highly metastatic. The Type I and Type V collagenolytic activities from DLD-1 cells were separated and characterized using DEAE cellulose chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. The Type I collagenolytic activity appeared to be an anionic protein at pH 8.3, and two forms of the enzyme were detected, one with a molecular weight of 60,000 and the other with a molecular weight of 35,000 daltons. The Type V collageno-ytic activity was a cationic protein at pH 8.3 and two forms of this activity were detected, one with a molecular weight of 80,000 and the second with a molecular weight of 54,000 daltons. The effect of the polar solvent, dimethylformamide (DMF) on the production of collagen and elastin degrading activities was studied using cultured DLD-1 cells. DMF treated cells produced significantly higher levels of Type I collagenolytic, Type V collagenolytic and cellassociated elastase activities than did control cells. DMF treatment had no significant effect on media elastase levels. Treatment of DLD-1 cells with DMF elevated the cellular levels of protein and RNA while these same cells had less DNA per cell. DMF treated cells were also able to synthesize protein at a significantly faster rate than control cells. This increased rate of protein synthesis may account for part of the increased production of connective tissue degrading enzymes seen in DMF treated cells.However, the effect of DMF on enzyme production was still present when the cells were treated with cycloheximide. The failure of cycloheximide to prevent the DMF induced increase in enzyme activity suggests that the effect of DMF is not entirely dependent on protein synthesis. These data suggest that DLD-1 human colon carcinoma
Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Protein and Exogenous RecBCD Inhibitors Enhance Phage-Derived Homologous Recombination in Pseudomonas (2019)

The limited efficiency of the available tools for genetic manipulation of Pseudomonas limits fundamental research and utilization of this genus. We explored the properties of a lambda Red-like operon (BAS) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage Ab31 and a Rac bacteriophage RecET-like operon (RecTE<sub>Psy</sub>) from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a. Compared with RecTE<sub>Psy</sub>, the BAS operon was functional at a higher temperature indicating potential to be a generic system for Pseudomonas. Owing to the lack of RecBCD inhibitor in the BAS operon, we added Redγ or Pluγ and found increased recombineering efficiencies in P. aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens but not in Pseudomonas putida and P. syringae. Overexpression of single-stranded DNA-binding protein enhanced recombineering in several contexts including RecET recombination in E. coli. The utility of these systems was demonstrated by engineering P. aeruginosa genomes to create an attenuated rhamnolipid producer. Our work enhances the potential for functional genomics in Pseudomonas.
Learning Bounded Treewidth Bayesian Networks (2008)

With the increased availability of real data for complex domains, it is desirable to automatically learn Bayesian network structures that are sufficiently expressive while at the same time allowing for tractable inference. While the method of thin junction trees can, in principle, be used for this purpose, its fully greedy nature makes it prone to overfitting, particularly when the data is sparse. In this work we present a novel method for efficiently learning Bayesian networks of bounded treewidth that employs global structure modifications. At the heart of our method is a dynamic triangulation that we update in a way that facilitates the addition of chain structures that increase the treewidth bound of the current model by at most one. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our “treewidth friendly ” method on real-life datasets and show that it is superior to the greedy approach as soon as the bound on the treewidth is nontrivial. Importantly, we also show that by making use of global operators, we are able to achieve better generalization even when learning Bayesian networks of unbounded treewidth.
Sets and Functions (2012)

This chapter introduces two major notions: sets and functions. We are all familiar with real functions, for example, f (x) = 2x + 1 and g(x) = sin(x). Here the approach is somewhat different. The first difference is that we do not limit the discussion to the set of real numbers; instead, we consider arbitrary sets and are mostly interested in sets that contain only a finite number of elements. The second difference is that we do not define a “rule” for assigning a value for each x; instead, a function is simply a list of pairs (x, y), where y denotes the value of the function when the argument equals x. The definition of functions relies on the definitions of sets and relations over sets. That is why we need to define various operations over sets such as union, intersection, complement, and Cartesian product.
Antipsoriatic Anthrones with Modulated Redox Properties. 3. 10-Thio-Substituted 1,8-Dihydroxy-9(10H)-anthracenones as Inhibitors of Keratinocyte Growth, 5-Lipoxygenase, and the Formation of 12(S)-HETE in Mouse Epidermis (1996)

The synthesis of a series of 1,8-dihydroxy-9(10H)-anthracenones bearing sulfur-linked substituents in the 10-position is described. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and the 5- and 12-lipoxygenase enzymes in bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mouse epidermal homogenate, respectively. In addition, the following redox properties of the compounds were determined: reactivity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, generation of hydroxyl radicals as measured by deoxyribose degradation, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in model membranes. Compounds 4e and 4h of this series compare favorably in the cellular assays with the antipsoriatic anthralin. They have the combined inhibitory action against leukotriene B4 and 12(S)-HETE formation and are highly potent antiproliferative agents against keratinocyte growth. In contrast to anthralin, 4h, 1,8-dihydroxy-10-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)thio]-9(10H)-anthracenone, is not cytotoxic as documented by the LDH activity released from cytoplasm of keratinocytes and does not enhance lipid peroxidation in model membranes.
The study about flow velocity measurement with spatial filter principle based on the electrostatic sensor (2011)

The spatial filter measurement principle of flow velocity is obtained by point charge mathematical model of the electrostatic sensor, and signal cut-off frequency is acquired with "3dB" principle during real-time measuring flow velocity. Experiments prove that the spatial filter measurement velocity principle of inducement probe is feasible, and experiments separately examine the flow velocity with this measurement priciple in range of 2-7m/s.
Synergistic stabilization of perfluorocarbon‐pluronic F‐68 emulsion by perfluoroalkylated polyhydroxylated surfactants (1989)

Abstract One of the most serious limitations of the first generation of fluorocarbon emulsions destined to serve as injectable oxygen carriers (blood substitutes) is their insufficient, stability. Considerable stabilization of such emulsions has now been achieved by using a combination of Pluronic F‐68, a polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer, and of a perfluoroalkylated polyhydroxylated surfactant (PPFS) comprising a C 6 F 13 or C 8 F 17 fluorophilic tail and a hydrophilic head derived from maltose or xylitol. These new surfactants are either soluble in water or dispersible in an aqueous Pluronic F‐68 solution. The tensions at the surface of these solutions and dispersions and at their interface with a typical fluorocarbon, F‐decalin, are discussed. A strong stabilizing effect on F‐decalin emulsions was obtained when small amounts of PPFS were incorporated, the total amount of surfactant used remaining constant. For 20% w/v emulsions, the maximum stabilizing effect was reached when 20–30% of PPFS were present, resulting after one year at 25°C in an up to 10 times smaller increase in particle size than for a reference emulsion prepared with Pluronic F‐68 alone. The effect is even stronger with more concentrated 50% w/v emulsions, reaching a stabilizing ratio of 17 after one year for a one‐to‐one PPFS/Pluronic F‐68 combination. None of the PPFS, when taken alone, permitted the preparation of stable emulsions. The characteristic U‐shape taken after aging, by the particle size vs PPFS/Pluronic F‐68 ratio curves demonstrates a strong synergistic effect of the two surfactants. They also permitted the selection of optimal formulations for the emulsions. The evolution of the particle sizes against time for such formulations was followed for 20% and 75% w/v concentrated F‐decalin emulsions at 4°C, 25°C and 50°C. The best emulsion in terms of stability was obtained with the xylitol derivative C 8 F 17 CH=CHCH 2 OCH 2 (CHOH) 4 H; most significantly, temperature, from 4 to 50°C, had little or no effect on the aging of this emulsion over a two month period.
Blood metabolite markers of preclinical Alzheimer's disease in two longitudinally followed cohorts of older individuals (2016)

We believe that ours is the largest blood biomarker study of preclinical AD to date. These findings underscore the importance of large-scale independent validation of index findings from biomarker studies with relatively small sample sizes.
Simulating DNA by Molecular Dynamics: Aims, Methods, and Validation (2012)

The structure and dynamics of the B-DNA double helix involves subtle sequence-dependent effects which are decisive for its function, but difficult to characterize. These structural and dynamic effects can be addressed by simulations of DNA sequences in explicit solvent. Here, we present and discuss the state-of-art of B-DNA molecular dynamics simulations with the major force fields in use today. We explain why a critical analysis of the MD trajectories is required to assess their reliability, and estimate the value and limitations of these models. Overall, simulations of DNA bear great promise towards deciphering the structural and physical subtleties of this biopolymer, where much remains to be understood.
1H/29Si cross-polarization dynamics in amorphous hydrogenated silicon (1987)

A modified cross-polarization method is used to simplify the solid-state magic-angle spinning 29Si-NMR spectrum of a-Si:H. At least three magnetically distinct environments are resolved. A microscopic model for the cross-polarization dynamics is used to assign the components of the spectrum. Contrary to expectations from solution state studies of low-molecular-weight silanes, the signals from 29Si bonded directly to hydrogen are shifted to a lower field compared to quaternary Si. This observation is rationalized on the basis of theoretical models and photoemission spectroscopy results published by other groups. A suggestion for the nature of shallow states is offered on the basis of the NMR results.
Stereoselective Epoxidation of bis-Sulfinyl Alkenes and Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Substituted Carboxylic Acids (1997)

Ketene thioacetals 3 can be easily prepared in optically pure form and react diastereoselectively with metal peroxides. The resulting bis-sulfinyl oxiranes can be converted in a single step to α-substituted acids.
Automatic Pose Recovery for High-Quality Textures Generation (2006)

This paper proposes new techniques to generate high quality textures for urban building models by automatic camera calibration and pose recovery. The camera pose is decomposed into an orientation and a translation, an edge error model and knowledge-based filters are used to estimate correct vanishing points with heavy trees occlusion, and the vanishing points are used for the camera calibration and orientation estimation. We propose new techniques to estimate the camera orientation with infinite vanishing points and translation with under-constraints. The final textures are generated using color calibration and blending with the recovered pose. A number of textures for outdoor buildings are automatically generated, which shows the effectiveness of our algorithms.
Cost-analysis of school-based fluoride varnish and fluoride rinsing programs (2008)

Prevention of approximal caries by FVT may result in cost containment, at a benefit cost ratio of 1.8: 1, given that the program can be administered at school.
Contribution to the knowledge of seed-beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) in Xinjiang, China (2014)

Nineteen species of seed-beetles belonging to the subfamily Bruchinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) were collected in Xinjiang, China. Of these, the following four were new records for China: Bruchusaffinis Frolich, 1799, Bruchusatomarius L., 1761, Bruchusloti Paykull, 1800 and Kytorhinuskergoati Delobel & Legalov, 2009. We provide an annotated checklist, illustrations and a key to the 19 species.
Desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis in children (2002)

Desmopressin rapidly reduced the number of wet nights per week, but there was some evidence that this was not sustained after treatment stopped. Comparison with alternative treatments suggested that desmopressin and tricyclics had similar clinical effects, but that alarms produced more sustained benefits. However, based on the available evidence, these conclusions can only be tentative. There was some evidence of minor side effects of desmopressin in the included trials, such as nasal irritation and nose bleeds. However, the risk of water intoxication associated with over-drinking before bedtime has been reported. Patients and their families need to be warned of potential adverse effects and advise
Association of Rhabdomyolysis With Renal Outcomes and Mortality in Burn Patients (2012)

The contribution of rhabdomyolysis to acute kidney injury (AKI) in the context of burn injury is poorly studied. We sought to determine the impact of rhabdomyolysis on AKI (defined by the AKI Network classification), renal replacement therapy (RRT), and death. Patients admitted to the burn unit at our institution were examined. Information on sex, age, presence of inhalation injury, electrical burn, percentage TBSA burned, percentage of full-thickness burns, Injury Severity Score, and peak creatine kinase (CK) were recorded. These variables were examined via multivariate logistic regression analysis against AKI Network stage, RRT, and death. Of 1973 consecutive admissions meeting the inclusion criteria, 525 met our eligibility criteria. Log peak CK was found to be correlated with any stage of AKI (odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-2.16; P < .0001), moderate to severe AKI (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.40-3.11; P = .0003), need for RRT (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.16-2.40; P = .0057), and mortality (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.01-2.20; P = .0441), after adjustment. Each 10-fold increase in peak CK was associated with a 70% increase in the odds of AKI, more than a 100% increase in the odds of moderate to severe AKI, a nearly 70% increase in the odds of RRT, and an almost 50% increase in the odds of mortality in patients with burn injury.
Homeopathic priors? (2022)

The problem of composite hypothesis testing is considered in the context of Bayesian detection of weak target signals in cluttered backgrounds. (A specific example is the detection of sub-pixel targets in multispectral imagery.) In this model, the target strength (call it $a$) is an unknown parameter, and that lack of knowledge can be addressed by incorporating a prior over possible parameter values. The performance of the detector depends on the choice of prior, and -- with the motivation of enabling better performance at low target abundances -- a family of priors are investigated in which singular weight is associated with the $a\to 0$ limit. Careful treatment of this limiting process leads to a situation in which components of the prior with infinitesimal weight have nontrivial effects. Similar claims have been made for homeopathic medicines.
One and Two-Bit MEMS Distributed W-Band Phase Shifters (2000)

A wideband distributed microstrip phase shifter has been developed for W-band operation. The design is based on the distributed MEMS transmission line (DMTL) loaded with high capacitance-ratio varactors. The varactors are fabricated using a series combination of MEMS bridges and fixed-value capacitive microstrip stubs. A high-capacitance ratio varactor (1.5 to 2.5) results in a large loading on the microstrip line and therefore a large phase shift. The distributed phase shifter design on a 150 μm quartz substrate results in a reflection coefficient less than -15 dB and 260°/dB of insertion loss at 90 GHz. This design can be cascaded to result in a 2-bit, 0/90/180/270° phase shifter with 1-1.5 dB of insertion loss.
Synthesis, characterization and modeling of self-assembled porphyrin nanorods (2019)

Porphyrin nanorods were prepared by ion-association between free-base meso 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-[Formula: see text]-methylpyridinium)porphyrin cations and tetraphenylborate anions. The nanorods have variable lengths (up to a few micrometers long) and diameters ([Formula: see text]50–500 nm). Their structure at the molecular level was elucidated by combining multinuclear solid state NMR spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and DFT calculations.
Investigating How Student's Cognitive Behavior in MOOC Discussion Forums Affect Learning Gains. (2015)

While MOOCs undoubtedly provide valuable learning resources for students, little research in the MOOC context has sought to evaluate students’ learning gains in the environment. It has been long acknowledged that conversation is a significant way for students to construct knowledge and learn. However, rather than studying learning in MOOC discussion forums, the thrust of current research in that context has been to identify factors that predict dropout. Thus, cognitively relevant student behavior in the forums has not been evaluated for its impact on cognitive processes and learning. In this paper, we adopt a content analysis approach to analyze students’ cognitively relevant behaviors in a MOOC discussion forum and further explore the relationship between the quantity and quality of that participation with their learning gains. As an integral part of our approach, we built a computational model to automate the analysis so that it is possible to extend the content analysis to all communication that occurred in the MOOC. We identified significant associations between discourse behavior and learning. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Unipolar resistive switching and mechanism in Gd-doped-TiO2-based resistive switching memory devices (2011)

Gd-doped-TiO2-based resistive switching random-access memory (RRAM) devices with MOM structure of top metal electrode (W, Ti)/Gd-doped-TiO2/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si were fabricated, and resistive switching characteristics were investigated. The W/Gd-doped-TiO2/Pt RRAM device showed typical unipolar resistive switching behavior irrespective of the bias polarity on the W top electrode. However, no unipolar switching was observed in the Ti/Gd-doped-TiO2/Pt devices when positive bias was applied on the Ti top electrode. A new resistive switching model was proposed to explain the unipolar switching behavior in the W/Gd-doped-TiO2/Pt RRAM device, based on the formation and destruction of conducting filaments which result from pinning and unpinning effects of surface trap states of oxide film on the Fermi level of metal electrode. The model clearly elucidates the mechanism of the low resistance state (LRS) and the high resistance state (HRS) as well as the switching behavior between LRS and HRS in the W/Gd-doped-TiO2/Pt RRAM device. The model also indicates the important role of the metal electrode material in unipolar resistive switching of oxide-based RRAM devices.
Current and future uses of OWL for Earth and Space science data frameworks: successes and limitations (2007)

Based on almost three years of experience in developing and deploying scientific data frameworks built using semantic technologies, we now have a production virtual observatory in operation, serving two broad communities: solar physics and terrestrial upper atmospheric physics. Within this application, a data framework provides online location, retrieval, and analysis services to a variety of heterogeneous scientific data sources that are often highly distributed over the internet. In this paper, we describe selected current and planned uses of OWL-DL, related tools, and our deployment. We describe some successes and limitations we have found to date using OWLbased technologies, especially tool support. We also indicate the important components we require from a robust technical infrastructure as we move forward with expanding the functionality of the frameworks. This expansion includes additional semantic representation and reasoning/query services as well as broadening the scope of our scientific disciplines.
Live-constraint-based control for contact transitions (2002)

The concept and theoretical derivation of a new, continuous controller for contact transition tasks was presented earlier by Sarkar et al. (1996). The design of this new controller was derived based on an analysis of impulsive constraints. Unlike other control methods that require switching control strategies before and after contacts, this design is able to accomplish contact transition tasks with a single control strategy, avoiding control discontinuities. In this paper, the proposed controller design is further developed, and results from computer simulation and physical experiments are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the controller design.
Translating Natural Language to Code: An Unsupervised Ontology-Based Approach (2018)

In this paper, we describe a semantic approach to translate complex natural language commands and questions into an appropriate object-oriented source code. To address this task, we leverage the Semantic Web technology stack to develop <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CodeOntology</i> , an open community-shared resource aimed at making open source code a first-class citizen of the Web, where it can be interlinked with other resources, enabling interesting search and analyses that are nowadays impossible. Hence, we propose an unsupervised algorithm which relies on CodeOntology for querying source code to retrieve a set of methods and code snippets that are ranked and combined to translate a natural language specification into a Java source code. Experimental results show that our approach is comparable with other state-of-the-art proprietary systems, such as the WolframAlpha computational knowledge engine.
Obstruction of the Male Reproductive Tract (1977)

Anatomic obstruction of the male reproductive ducts may be congenital, inflammatory or iatrogenic in origin. Two cases of congenital obstruction and 1 case of iatrogenic obstruction are presented. Accurate identification of the etiology and location of the obstruction is necessary for patient counseling and choice of treatment.