gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regenerative Glutamate Release by Presynaptic NMDA Receptors Contributes to Spreading Depression (2013)

Spreading depression (SD) is a slowly propagating neuronal depolarization that underlies certain neurologic conditions. The wave-like pattern of its propagation suggests that SD arises from an unusual form of neuronal communication. We used enzyme-based glutamate electrodes to show that during SD induced by transiently raising extracellular K(+) concentrations ([K(+)]o) in rat brain slices, there was a rapid increase in the extracellular glutamate concentration that required vesicular exocytosis but unlike fast synaptic transmission, still occurred when voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels (VGSC and VGCC) were blocked. Instead, presynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) were activated during SD and could generate substantial glutamate release to support regenerative glutamate release and propagating waves when VGSCs and VGCCs were blocked. In calcium-free solutions, high [K(+)]o still triggered SD-like waves and glutamate efflux. Under such a condition, glutamate release was blocked by mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger inhibitors that likely blocked calcium release from mitochondria secondary to NMDA-induced Na(+) influx. Therefore presynaptic NMDA receptor activation is sufficient for triggering vesicular glutamate release during SD via both calcium entry and release from mitochondria by mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. Our observations suggest that presynaptic NMDARs contribute to a cycle of glutamate-induced glutamate release that mediate high [K(+)]o-triggered SD.
CD34 + cell expansion and expression of lineage markers during liquid culture of human progenitor cells (1995)

A 96-well-based suspension culture system for human hematopoietic progenitor cells has been developed to monitor the commitment and differentiation of CD34+ cells to specific lineages and the maintenance and expansion of CD34+ cells in vitro. The expression of maturation and lineage markers on the cells in culture was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CD34+ cells were isolated from umbilical cord blood and fetal liver (90% purity) and were grown in liquid culture in 96-well plates for 10 days. The cells were then fixed with a glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde mixture, attaching the cells firmly to the plastic. An ELISA was performed, using appropriate primary antibodies directed against cell surface markers. The expression of four different lineage markers was measured: CD14 (monocyte), CD15 (neutrophil), platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa (CD41a, megakaryocyte) and glycophorin A (erythroid). The two-growth factor combination of interleukin 3 (IL-3) and stem cell factor (SCF) stimulated expression of CD14, CD15 and GP IIb/IIIa. Lineage-restricted growth factors such as erythropoietin (EPO), in combination with SCF, stimulated expression of glycophorin A. The three-factor combination of IL-3, SCF and EPO stimulated expression of all four lineage markers. Other multiple growth factor combinations all stimulated myeloid and megakaryocyte growth, as measured by ELISA and flow cytometry, but erythroid growth was present only when EPO was included in the growth factor mixture. In serum-free medium or plasma-containing medium, CD14 expression was markedly reduced, whereas glycophorin A expression was greatly elevated in serum-free medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Heterothallism inCordyceps takaomontana (2005)

Perithecium formation of an entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps takaomontana was promoted by treating the mycelia with cell wall-degrading enzymes and PEG 4000. Perithecia were formed in the mixed culture of both mating-type strains MAT1 and MAT2, and not in the culture of MAT1 or MAT2 alone. The MAT1 strains did not possess a mating-type gene MAT1-1-3, but could produce perithecia. These results strongly suggested that C. takaomontana is heterothallic, and does not need MAT1-1-3 for the perithecium formation. MAT1-1-3 was also not found in another entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris. On the other hand, phytopathogenic fungi Balansia sp., Claviceps purpurea and Epichloë typhina possessed MAT1-1-3. The structures of mating-type locus MAT1-1 of these phytopathogenic fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae were similar to that of a phytopathogenic fungus Gibberella fujikuroi in the family Nectriaceae, which is closely related to Clavicipitaceae. These results suggested that phytopathogen might be more ancestral group than entomopathogen in Clavicipitaceae, and that MAT1-1-3 might be lost in the course of the host shift from plants to insects.
Causes of lower urinary tract disease in Norwegian cats (2011)

A study was made on causes of lower urinary tract disease in cats, and to investigate whether demographic data and factors related to husbandry might influence the occurrence of a particular diagnosis. The study was a prospective, descriptive, and analytical study of primary cases of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) in Norway. Only cats sampled by cystocentesis were included in the present study. Of the 119 cats included, 28.6% were diagnosed with obstructive FLUTD. The majority of cats were diagnosed with feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) (55.5%). Urethral plugs were the second most common diagnosis (21.0%), whereas bacterial cystitis and urolithiasis each were diagnosed in 11.8%. Nearly one-third (28.6%) of the cats diagnosed with urolithiasis had significant bacteriuria. Thus, significant bacteriuria was diagnosed in a total of 15.1% of the cats. There were no significant differences in the urine specific gravity, pH and amount of epithelial cells in the urine sediment in the different aetiological categories of FLUTD. There was a higher amount of red blood cells in the urine sediment in cats diagnosed with urethral plugs and urolithiasis, whereas cats with bacterial cystitis and urolithiasis had a higher amount of white blood cells in their sediment. Regarding demographic data and factors related to husbandry, cats diagnosed with FLUTD were more often males and kept strictly indoors, when compared with a 'reference population'.
Refractive Index Sensing for Measuring Single Cell Growth (2021)

Accessing cell growth on adhesive substrates is critical for identifying biophysical properties of cells and their therapeutic response to drug therapies. However, optical techniques have low sensitivity, and their reliability varies with cell type, whereas microfluidic technologies rely on cell suspension. In this paper, we introduced a plasmonic functional assay platform that can precisely measure cell weight and the dynamic change in real-time for adherent cells. Possessing this ability, our platform can determine growth rates of individual cells within only 10 min to map the growth profile of populations in short time intervals. The platform could successfully determine heterogeneity within the growth profile of populations and assess subpopulations exhibiting distinct growth profiles. As a proof of principle, we investigated the growth profile of MCF-7 cells and the effect of two intracellular metabolisms critical for their proliferation. We first investigated the negative effect of serum starvation on cell growth. We then studied ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, a key enzyme which is involved in proliferation, and degraded under low osmolarity that inhibits cell growth. We successfully determined the significant distinction between growth profiles of MCF-7 cells and their ODC-overproducing variants that possess strong resistance to the negative effects of low osmolarity. We also demonstrated that an exogenous parameter, putrescine, could rescue cells from ODC inhibition under hypoosmotic conditions. In addition to the ability of accessing intracellular activities through <i>ex vivo</i> measurements, our platform could also determine therapeutic behaviors of cancer cells in response to drug treatments. Here, we investigated difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), which has antitumor effects on MCF-7 cells by inhibiting ODC activity. We successfully demonstrated the susceptibility of MCF-7 cells to such drug treatment, while its DFMO-resistant subpopulation could survive in the presence of this antigrowth agent. By rapidly determining cell growth kinetics in small samples, our plasmonic platform may be of broad use to basic research and clinical applications.
Relationship of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2014)

These results suggest that DNA methylation may be involved in the pathogenesis of IPF.
Hydrothermal Acid Pretreatment of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Biomass for Ethanol Production (2009)

Certain microalgae have been known to use light and various carbon sources to produce carbohydrates, mainly in the form of starch. This is one of the pertinent feedstocks replacing agricultural products for the production of bioethanol by yeast. This study focuses upon dilute acid hydrothermal pretreatments at low cost and high efficiency to compete with current methods, and employs Chlamydomonas reinhardtii UTEX 90 as the feedstock. With dry cells of 5% (w/v), the algal biomass was pretreated with sulfuric acid (1-5%) under temperatures from 100 to 120oC, from 15 to 120 min. As a result, the glucose release from the biomass was maximum at 58% (w/w) after pretreatment with 3% sulfuric acid at 110 degrees for 30 min. This method enabled not only starch, but also the hydrolysis of other oligosaccharides in the algal cell in high efficiency. Arrheniustype of model equation enabled extrapolation of some yields of glucose beyond this range. The pretreated slurry was fermented by yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C, resulting in an ethanol yield of 29.2% from algal biomass. This study suggests that the pretreated algal biomass is a suitable feedstock for ethanol production and can have a positive impact on large-scale applied systems.
Application of clustering structure in the hierarchical spectrum sharing network based on cognitive radio (2008)

This paper firstly analyzes the impact which clustering and non-clustering structure is on sensing spectrum expenditure. Furthermore, the reason that clustering structure is adopted in hierarchical spectrum sharing network is also illustrated by numerical simulation. Secondly, a clustering algorithm, which can reduce detection expenditure, is proposed based on the similarity of the spectrum in such architecture. Additionally, clustering stability based on this algorithm is explored. Theoretical analysis and simulation result indicates that clustering stability is ensured only if threshold K is chosen appropriately.
Application of saturation spectroscopy to the measurement of C_2, ^3Π_u concentrations in oxy-acetylene flames (1977)

The technique of saturation spectroscopy is applied to measure the concentration of C2 in the 3Πu state in oxyacetylene flames. The two level model is further developed and extended for use in intensity regions slightly lower than that required to saturate the resonances completely. As a result, it has proved feasible to measure both the C2 number density in the 3Πu state of ~1016/cm3 and an excited electronic state lifetime of ~10−12 sec, both of which depend only on the Einstein A coefficient. The experimental setup is described in detail, and possible extensions of the technique to other atomic and molecular systems are discussed.
Analysis of the sensitivity to pressure and temperature of a membrane based SAW sensor (2017)

International audience
The Importance of Socio-Cultural Differences for Annotating and Detecting the Affective States of Students (2019)

The development of real-time affect detection models often depends upon obtaining annotated data for supervised learning by employing human experts to label the student data. One open question in annotating affective data for affect detection is whether the labelers (i.e., human experts) need to be socio-culturally similar to the students being labeled, as this impacts the cost feasibility of obtaining the labels. In this study, we investigate the following research questions: For affective state annotation, how does the socio-cultural background of human expert labelers, compared to the subjects, impact the degree of consensus and distribution of affective states obtained? Secondly, how do differences in labeler background impact the performance of affect detection models that are trained using these labels?
A Numerical Study of Forced Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics of Supercritical Fluid in a Horizontal Circular-Pipe (2020)

Abstract Analytical and computational studies were performed to compare the convective heat transfer characteristics of a supercritical fluid in a circular pipe for horizontal flow configuration. The motivation of this study was to explore the efficacy of heat exchangers involving forced convective heat transfer of supercritical fluids (tube side) integrated with air cooling (i.e., in free convection). The goal of this study was to determine the forced convective heat transfer characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) in air-cooled tube heat-exchangers. The scope of this study was limited to the values of Reynolds number (Re) varying from 10∼104 (i.e., involving both laminar and turbulent flow correlations for analytical formulations and computational models). The predictions for the forced convection heat transfer characteristics (e.g., heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, volume flow rate, mass flow rate, pump penalty/ pumping power/ required compressor ratings, Nusselt number (Nu) etc.) were obtained using analytical formulations and compared with that of computational models. The flow configurations involved a horizontal circular pipe of 1 m length and with different diameters (ranging from 1 mm – 10 mm). The supercritical properties of the working fluid were investigated at a fixed value of reduced pressure (Pr = 1.1) and a fixed range of temperatures, i.e., T, varying from 550 to 750 [K]. The fluid properties were gleaned from the NIST property database (available online at the NIST website). For the second part of this study, the forced convective heat transfer characteristics of sCO2 flowing in a horizontal tube with circular cross-section were studied using analytical correlations (e.g., Dittus-Boelter and Gnielinski correlation) and validated using commercial tools for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)/ Computational Heat Transfer (CHT), i.e., using Fluent® (Ansys®). Validation of the analytical predictions using CFD/ CHT tools was performed to ascertain the level of uncertainty in the predicted results due to acute variation of the thermo-physical properties as a function of temperature and pressure (since the thermo-physical properties are expected to oscillate widely in the vicinity of the critical point). In the simulations, the inlet temperature for the supercritical fluid (sCO2) was fixed (at Tin = 700 [K]), and the ambient temperature was also fixed (at Tamb = 300 [K]), for the purpose of determining the values of the natural convection coefficients (external to the tube). Constant values of the thermo-physical properties of sCO2 at the mean film temperature (and corresponding to the inlet pressure values) were assumed for obtaining the analytical predictions. The results from the CFD / CHT simulations helped to quantify the level of uncertainties in the assumption of constant properties (in the analytical model) at different values of Reynolds number (i.e., for both laminar and turbulent flow regimes).
The relationship between house prices and demographic variables (2016)

Purpose The process for examining the value of house prices in an urban city has given limited attention, if any, to demographic variables associated with urban geography. Although the disciplines of property/real estate and demography have moved closer, little progress has been made when modelling house prices using population-related data in the field of urban geography to explain the level of house prices. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes an innovative model to examine the influence of population variables on the level of house prices. It used a two-stage approach as follows: principal components analysis (PCA) identified social dimensions from a range of demographic variables, which were then retained for further analysis. This information was sourced from two Australian Bureau of Statistics censuses undertaken involving all Melbourne residents during 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2011; multiple regression analysis examined the relationship between the retained factor scores from the PCA (as independent variables) and established residential house prices (as the dependent variable). Findings The findings confirm the demographic profile of each household, which is directly related to their decisions about housing location and house prices. Based on a case study of Melbourne, Victoria, it was demonstrated that households with specific demographic characteristics are closely related to a certain level of house prices at the suburban level. Originality/value This is an innovative study which has not been previously undertaken for an extended period of time to facilitate an analysis of change over time.
Quantifying performance of multi-modal targeted energy transfer of a BI-stable nonlinear passive vibration absorber (2018)

To passively reduce vibrations in mechanical systems, a linear mass spring damper system, called a tuned mass damper (TMD), is locally added.A TMD is only capable of mitigating vibrations at a single frequency.If this frequency shifts, the linear TMD will fail to reduce vibrations significantly.TMDs with a nonlinear connecting stiffness, so-called nonlinear energy sinks (NES), absorb vibrations through targeted energy transfer (TET).Not only is the performance more robust w.r.t detuning, a single NES is capable of reducing vibrations of several frequencies through resonance capture cascade (RCC).Typically, performance of a NES is investigated by means of many numeric simulations for different parameters of the coupled system.Here, algebraic performance measures are derived, which quantifies TET and RCC performance without simulations.These measures will investigate the efficiency of a NES having a bistable stiffness, which numerical simulations in literature have hinted to have an increased performance over a monostable NES.
Simulation of hydrogen auto-ignition in a turbulent co-flow of heated air with LES and CMC approach (2009)

Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) with first order Conditional Moment Closure (CMC) of a nitrogen-diluted hydrogen jet, igniting in a turbulent co-flowing hot air stream have been performed. A detailed mechanism (9 species, 19 reactions) is used to represent the chemistry. Our study covers the following aspects: CFD mesh resolution; CMC mesh resolution; inlet turbulence boundary conditions; modeling of the conditional scalar dissipation rate. In all studied cases, the hydrogen auto-ignites and a diffusion flame is formed. The influence of the terms in physical space in the CMC transport equations (convection and diffusion) is small.
Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy (1973)

Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) is characterized by subaortic obstruction to left ventricular (LV) outflow. However, the obstruction is variable and many patients have no resting gradient and no clinical evidence of IHSS. Although a characteristic systolic movement of the anterior mitral valve leaflet can be demonstrated echocardiographically in many patients with IHSS, this may be absent in patients without obstruction under baseline conditions. Several necropsy studies of patients with IHSS have demonstrated that the ventricular septum characteristically is asymmetrically hypertrophied in relation to the posterior left ventricular wall. Since echocardiography can measure the thickness of the ventricular septum and the posterior LV free wall during life, we have evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) in diagnosing IHSS. The ventricular septum and posterior LV free wall were measured in 15 patients with IHSS documented by catheterization, 11 patients with other forms of fixed LV outflow obstruction, 52 patients with miscellaneous forms of heart disease, and 16 normal subjects. The mean septal-free wall ratio in normal subjects was 1.03, in fixed LV outflow obstruction 1.03, in miscellaneous heart disease 1.03, while in IHSS it was 1.68. The ratio exceeded 1.3 in all 15 patients with IHSS (including seven patients without a gradient under baseline conditions), and it was less than 1.3 in 78 of 79 patients without IHSS. Thus ASH (1) can be diagnosed noninvasively, (2) appears specific for IHSS, and (3) is independent of the degree of obstruction. Moreover, since our findings indicate that the detection of ASH identifies the pathognomonic anatomic abnormality in IHSS and includes a wider spectrum of patients (i.e. those without obstruction as well as clinically normal family members of patients with IHSS), we suggest that a more appropriate term for this disease entity is asymmetric septal hypertrophy or ASH.
Protection against Fatty Liver but Normal Adipogenesis in Mice Lacking Adipose Differentiation-Related Protein (2006)

Adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP; also known as ADRP or adipophilin), is a lipid droplet (LD) protein found in most cells and tissues. ADFP expression is strongly induced in cells with increased lipid load. We have inactivated the Adfp gene in mice to better understand its role in lipid accumulation. The Adfp-deficient mice have unaltered adipose differentiation or lipolysis in vitro or in vivo. Importantly, they display a 60% reduction in hepatic triglyceride (TG) and are resistant to diet-induced fatty liver. To determine the mechanism for the reduced hepatic TG content, we measured hepatic lipogenesis, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, and lipid uptake and utilization, all of which parameters were shown to be similar between mutant and wild-type mice. The finding of similar VLDL output in the presence of a reduction in total TG in the Adfp-deficient liver is explained by the retention of TG in the microsomes where VLDL is assembled. Given that lipid droplets are thought to form from the outer leaflet of the microsomal membrane, the reduction of TG in the cytosol with concomitant accumulation of TG in the microsome of Adfp-/- cells suggests that ADFP may facilitate the formation of new LDs. In the absence of ADFP, impairment of LD formation is associated with the accumulation of microsomal TG but a reduction in TG in other subcellular compartments.
Electrochemical Studies of Ambient Temperature Ionic Liquids Based on Choline Chloride (2003)

Ionic liquids can be formed between ZnCl2 and a range of substituted quaternary ammonium salts. These ionic liquids are easy to prepare and are insensitive to water and air. They have conductivities comparable to other ionic liquids and as such they are suitable for electrochemical applications. The deposition of zinc is investigated and it is shown that the film formed on an electrode surface following the electroreduction of the melt is non-porous and produces an extremely effective corrosion resistant coating with very high current efficiency. The characteristics of a battery based on a zinc ionic liquid are also demonstrated. Other metals such as chromium are also shown to form ionic liquids with choline chloride and a generic method for depositing metals is demonstrated.