gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excising terrestrial radio interference in low frequency radio astronomy (1982)

Interference from terrestrial transmitters is a major problem in low-frequency radio astronomy. Experimental work is described in which a 22.25-MHz interferometer provided baseband signals from which 128- channel spectra were calculated in hardware by FFT and processed by a microcomputer. Narrow-band interference was identified and excised from the in-phase and quadrature cross-spectra and the auto-spectra in a 52-kHz band in real time. The observations were performed during winter near sunspot maximum with the on-line microcomputer performing ± 4 σ iterative deletion of interference. Off-line, an algorithm was developed in which robust estimation was used to give protection from statistical outliers. The results showed consistently that 2–3 hr extra observing time were made possible per night. Low-level interference, which would not have been noticeable in records taken with a conventional receiving system, was detected and excised on most nights.
A Lifelong, Wide-Range Radiation Biodosimeter (1999)

Rats exposed to 0.1-600 cGy x-rays developed significantly prolonged increases (1.9-11%) of normoblasts (red cell precursors) in the bone marrow as well as a subpopulation of transferrin receptor marked erythrocytes (E-Tr, 1.9-20%) in the blood. Several characteristics are shared in common by these two progenies of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC): a heretofore unrecognized dose-response curve extending from 0.1-600 cGy composed of logarithmic and quadratic dose response segments, the joining of the segments at approximately 150 cGy, and an identical 29-wk period for one-half repair of the quantified cell damage. This suggests that both of these cells could be surrogates for assessing radiation injury. Preliminary findings suggest that this phenomenon is identifiable in humans.
Metal surface enhanced emission from CdTe quantum dots (2006)

In this paper the enhancement in emission from CdTe quantum dots (QDs) on Au island film as a function of CdTe-Au distance is reported. The observed enhancement can be partially explained by increased absorption cross section for QDs on metal islands; QDs near metal illuminated by both direct and a reflected beam, which increase the incident intensity. However the major enhancement is due to the increase in the electric field at QDs when the incident field excites the transverse collective resonances of metal islands. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra of sample are recorded.
A New Gate-Level Body Biasing Technique for PMOS Transistors in Subthreshold CMOS Circuits (2005)

Subthreshold operation enables CMOS circuits to operate using very low supply voltages and to dissipate extremely low power with moderate performance. The dynamic threshold MOS technique (DTMOS) is an effective way to improve subthreshold circuit performance. In this paper, we propose a new body biasing technique for PMOS transistors working in the subthreshold region. In the proposed PMOS body biasing technique, the n-wells of PMOS transistors are biased with the gate output. The new technique improves circuit performance over DTPMOS and consumes less power. Simulations done using 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology show that the proposed technique improves a 3-input AND gate speed by 40.1% and has a 82.3% energy-delay-product (EDP) savings over the DTPMOS scheme at 0.37 V supply voltage and 2 MHz operating frequency.
Treatment Patterns, Survival, and Healthcare Costs of Patients with Malignant Gliomas in a Large US Commercially Insured Population. (2014)

The survival patterns of patients with glioblastoma seen in this real-world study of current treatments in a clinical setting is similar to the survival rate reported in clinical trials. However, further cost-effectiveness and quality-of-life analyses will be critical to better understand the role of temozolomide therapy in this patient population, considering its considerable cost burden and potential negative impact on survival seen in this study.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPS) with a New Pathogenic Variant in TNFRSF1A Gene in a Family of the Adult Male with Renal AA Amyloidosis—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge for Clinicians (2021)

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) belongs to systemic autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs). Many of these syndromes are genetically conditioned and can be inherited. Diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms and should be confirmed by genetic testing. One of the most serious complications is AA amyloidosis. We present the diagnostic route of a 33-year-old male with AA amyloidosis and his children, leading to diagnosis of monogenic autoinflammatory syndrome, confirmed by genetic analysis. A novel variant of the in-frame insertion type in one allele of <i>TNFRSF1A</i> gene was found by whole exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing, which allowed a diagnosis of TRAPS. Three-dimensional modeling was used to assess the structural changes introduced into TNFR1 molecule by the insertion. The analysis of the 3D model revealed that accommodation of the 4AA insert induces misalignment of three cysteine bridges (especially the C70-C96 bridge) in the extracellular domain, leading to putatively misfolded and improperly functioning TNFR1. Three of the patient's daughters inherited the same variant of the <i>TNFRSF1A</i> gene and presented TRAPS symptoms. TRAPS is a very rare disease, but in the presence of suggestive symptoms the genetic diagnostic workout should be undertaken. Early diagnosis followed by appropriate clinical management can prevent irreversible complications.
Scientific results with the Subaru Telescope (2003)

The 8.2m Subaru Telescope had its astronomical first light at the Cassegrain focus in January 1999. The partial open use of the instruments started since December 2000. Currently, all the seven instruments are offered for open use and observational proposals are reviewed by the Time Allocation Committee of the Subaru Advisory Committee for each semester. The average competition rate is 6-7 times over the last four semesters. Up to the present, about 60 scientific papers have been published in refereed journals reporting scientific results based on observations of the Subaru Telescope. Described in this overview talk is a brief summary of some remarkable results mainly on extragalactic astronomy. The topics reported include near infrared galaxy number count, luminosity functions and clustering of Lyman break galaxies, high-z Lyman &alpha; emitting galaxy, population study of clusters of galaxies, gravitational lensing of clusters, properties of extremely red objects, studies on gravitational lensed quasar images and quasar absorption lines, a hypernova, metal poor stars, planet harboring stars, and issues on other specific objects. The preliminary progress reports on the Subaru Deep Field Survey and the supernovae survey are also given.
Protecting human rights in Australia without a charter (2011)

In 2010, after a national consultation, the Australian government announced its rejection of the proposal that a federal statutory charter of rights should be adopted. In this article, the author places the Statutory Australian charter in the context of the traditional British suspicion of broad statements of human rights. This suspicion has been changing in many Commonwealth countries since 1945. Australia is now one of the few nations without an enforceable statement of basic rights. The position in other countries is contrasted. The sources of the continuing Australian resistance to a Charter are described. So are the weaknesses in the current legal protections for vulnerable minorities. Nevertheless, Common and Statute Law and access to UN committees can sometimes fill the gap. The weaknesses of electoral democracy in Australia, as a guardian of minority rights, are illustrated with recent instances.
Photocatalytic Destruction of Chlorinated Solvents in Water With Solar Energy (1993)

Sandia National Laboratories and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory are developing a photocatalytic process to destroy organic contaminants in water. Tests with common water pollutants have been conducted at Sandia’s Solar Thermal Facility using a near commercial scale, single-axis tracking parabolic trough system with a glass pipe reactor mounted at its focus. Experiments at this scale provide verification of laboratory studies and allow examination of design and operation issues at a real-life scale. The catalyst, titanium dioxide (TiO2), is a harmless material found in paint, cosmetics, and toothpaste. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of key process parameters on destruction rates of chlorinated organic compounds that are common water pollutants. In this paper, we summarize the engineering-scale results of these experiments and analyses.
Graphene transistors for RF applications: Opportunities and challenges (2011)

Summary form only given: Graphene offers new opportunities for the optimization of high frequency FETs by virtue of high carrier velocity, excellent scaling properties, configurability as electron or hole channel devices, and limited scattering. The saturation velocity (v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> ) of graphene has not been determined clearly yet, but it is estimated to be ~5 times greater than that for Si MOSFETs. With large on-state current density and transconductance per gate capacitance compared to Si, graphene has the potential to offer excellent switching characteristics and short-circuit current gain cut-off frequency. With observed constant device transconductance over the gate voltages, graphene FETs could potentially offer low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) with higher dynamic range per given DC power (OIP3/Pdc) beyond the antimony-based low-bandgap devices. With graphene FETs biased near the ambipolar point, graphene FETs behave close to ideal “square-law” devices near the ambipolar point i.e., I(V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> ) ∝ V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , it would greatly suppress odd-order harmonics and/or third-order intermodulation products and improve dynamic range in communications. Graphene-on-Si FETs could potentially be further developed and processed in a manner compatible with Si CMOS with desirable integration density for system-on-chip applications. It also presents unique problems, such as limitations in voltage and poor pinchoff characteristics. The future success of the RF circuit applications depends on high-quality material growth on large-wafer scale, vertical and lateral scaling of graphene MOSFETs to minimize parasitics and improve gate modulation efficiency in the channel, a bandgap engineering of graphene channels in the MOSFETs, and innovative circuit concepts. In this talk, we will present recent progress in epitaxial graphene MOSFETs on both SiC and Si substrates for graphene-on-SiC and graphene-on-Si technologies, in high-speed graphene based RF transistors, and in circuit concept demonstration including mm-wave radiometers.
<title>Narrow-Bandwidth CW Dye Laser with High Output Power</title> (1979)

For investigations of fine details of atomic energy spectra light sources are required which emit light with very well defined frequency. A powerful tunable light source is the cw dye laser. Since the frequency of a free-running laser jitters, it has to be stabilized. In order to avoid the high internal losses of a stabilization system with an intracavity electrooptic crystal, a very fast piezoelectric mirror translator has been developed. It was driven by properly designed electronics. Thus a small laser frequency bandwidth of 270 kHz rms with an output power of up to 200 mW was obtained. The laser system was tested in a sub-natural linewidth two-photon experiment with Na atoms.
Helical Rosette Nanotubes with Tunable Stability and Hierarchy (2005)

The design of nanostructured materials with tunable dimensions and properties that maintain their structural integrity under physiological conditions is a major challenge in biomedical engineering and nanomedicine. Helical rosette nanotubes (HRN) are a new class of materials produced through a hierarchical self-assembly process of low molecular weight synthetic organic modules in water. Here, we describe a synthetic strategy to tune their stability and hierarchy by preorganization of the self-assembling units, control of net charge per unit of nanotube surface area, amphiphilicity, and number of H-bonds per self-assembling module, and through peripheral steric (de)compression. Using these criteria, HRNs with tunable stability and hierarchical architecture were produced from self-assembling modules that (a) persist as individual molecules in solution, (b) self-assemble into HRN but denature at high temperature (<85 degrees C), (c) self-assemble into HRN whose structural integrity persists even in boiling water (>95 degrees C), and (d) self-assemble into well-dispersed short nanotubes, long nanotubes, ribbons, or superhelices. Given the biocompatibility, synthetic accessibility, and chemical and physical tunability of these materials, numerous applications in biomedical engineering, materials science, and nanoscience and technology are envisioned.
Early post-conception maternal cortisol, children’s HPAA activity and DNA methylation profiles (2018)

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) plays a critical role in the functioning of all other biological systems. Thus, studying how the environment may influence its ontogeny is paramount to understanding developmental origins of health and disease. The early post-conceptional (EPC) period could be particularly important for the HPAA as the effects of exposures on organisms' first cells can be transmitted through all cell lineages. We evaluate putative relationships between EPC maternal cortisol levels, a marker of physiologic stress, and their children's pre-pubertal HPAA activity (n=22 dyads). Maternal first-morning urinary (FMU) cortisol, collected every-other-day during the first 8 weeks post-conception, was associated with children's FMU cortisol collected daily around the start of the school year, a non-experimental challenge, as well as salivary cortisol responses to an experimental challenge (all Ps5% change in children's buccal epithelial cells' DNA methylation for 867 sites, while children's HPAA activity was associated with five CpG sites. Yet, no CpG sites were related to both, EPC cortisol and children's HPAA activity. Thus, these epigenetic modifications did not statistically mediate the observed physiological links. Larger, prospective peri-conceptional cohort studies including frequent bio-specimen collection from mothers and children will be required to replicate our analyses and, if our results are confirmed, identify biological mechanisms mediating the statistical links observed between maternal EPC cortisol and children's HPAA activity.
ATD: Anomalous Topic Discovery in High Dimensional Discrete Data (2016)

We propose an algorithm for detecting patterns exhibited by anomalous clusters in high dimensional discrete data. Unlike most anomaly detection (AD) methods, which detect individual anomalies, our proposed method detects groups (clusters) of anomalies; i.e., sets of points which collectively exhibit abnormal patterns. In many applications, this can lead to a better understanding of the nature of the atypical behavior and to identifying the sources of the anomalies. Moreover, we consider the case where the atypical patterns exhibit on only a small (salient) subset of the very high dimensional feature space. Individual AD techniques and techniques that detect anomalies using all the features typically fail to detect such anomalies, but our method can detect such instances collectively, discover the shared anomalous patterns exhibited by them, and identify the subsets of salient features. In this paper, we focus on detecting anomalous topics in a batch of text documents, developing our algorithm based on topic models. Results of our experiments show that our method can accurately detect anomalous topics and salient features (words) under each such topic in a synthetic data set and two real-world text corpora and achieves better performance compared to both standard group AD and individual AD techniques. All required code to reproduce our experiments is available from https://github.com/hsoleimani/ATD.
Polygenic Risk Score Prediction of Alcohol Dependence Symptoms Across Population‐Based and Clinically Ascertained Samples (2018)

Though preliminary, these results provide suggestive evidence of differences in the genetic etiology of AUDs based on sample characteristics such as treatment-seeking status, which may index other important clinical or demographic factors that moderate genetic influences. Although the variance accounted for by genomewide polygenic scores remains low, future studies could improve gene identification efforts by amassing very large samples, or reducing genetic heterogeneity by informing analyses with other phenotypic information such as sample characteristics. Multiple complementary approaches may be needed to make progress in gene identification for this complex disorder.
Spontaneous migration of cellular aggregates from giant keratocytes to running spheroids (2018)

Despite extensive knowledge on the mechanisms that drive single-cell migration, those governing the migration of cell clusters, as occurring during embryonic development and cancer metastasis, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the collective migration of cell on adhesive gels with variable rigidity, using 3D cellular aggregates as a model system. After initial adhesion to the substrate, aggregates spread by expanding outward a cell monolayer, whose dynamics is optimal in a narrow range of rigidities. Fast expansion gives rise to the accumulation of mechanical tension that leads to the rupture of cell-cell contacts and the nucleation of holes within the monolayer, which becomes unstable and undergoes dewetting like a liquid film. This leads to a symmetry breaking and causes the entire aggregate to move as a single entity. Varying the substrate rigidity modulates the extent of dewetting and induces different modes of aggregate motion: "giant keratocytes," where the lamellipodium is a cell monolayer that expands at the front and retracts at the back; "penguins," characterized by bipedal locomotion; and "running spheroids," for nonspreading aggregates. We characterize these diverse modes of collective migration by quantifying the flows and forces that drive them, and we unveil the fundamental physical principles that govern these behaviors, which underscore the biological predisposition of living material to migrate, independent of length scale.
Reflection and transmission coefficients for diffuse photon density waves (1999)

Diffuse photon density waves are proposed for use in characterizing diffuse media, similar to the use of electromagnetic waves to characterize reflection from materials. To this end basic expressions for the reflection and transmission coefficients at interfaces are put forward. Effects such as the existence of modes analogous with Brewster modes are shown. Also, we illustrate through numerical simulations how the diffusion optical parameters are estimated both with and without noise in the data.
A Computer Controlled Power Tool for Servicing the Hubble Space Telescope (1996)

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Pistol Grip Tool (PGT) is a self-contained, microprocessor controlled, battery-powered, 3/8-inch-drive hand-held tool. The PGT is also a non-powered ratchet wrench. This tool will be used by astronauts during Extravehicular Activity (EVA) to apply torque to the HST and HST Servicing Support Equipment mechanical interfaces and fasteners. Numerous torque, speed, and turn or angle limits are programmed into the PGT for use during various missions. Batteries are replaceable during ground operations, Intravehicular Activities, and EVA's.
Stimulation by Serotonin of Erythropoietin‐dependent Erythropoiesis in Mice (1970)

S ummary . Serotonin stimulates erythropoiesis in normal mice but not in the presence of anti‐erythropoietin serum. It also stimulates erythropoiesis in adrenalectomized or hypophysectomized mice. It increases erythropoietin titres in the plasma of normal but not of nephrectomized mice. The serotonin precursor l ‐5‐hydroxytryptophan stimulates, but d ‐5‐hydroxytryptophan and the serotonin catabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid do not. As shown by ink penetration, serotonin blocks blood circulation in the kidney. Tissue hypoxia, especially of the kidney, causes the production of erythropoietin. Serotonin may cause a general hypoxia sufficient for the generation of erythropoietin. But its strong effect on kidney circulation suggests kidney hypoxia as the specific reason for its effectiveness in the mouse.
Development and Evaluation of a Hybrid Course in Clinical Virology at a Faculty of Pharmacy in Lille, France (Preprint) (2018)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> During their studies, pharmacy students must acquire the specific skills in clinical virology required for their subsequent professional practice. Recent experiments on teaching and learning in higher education have shown that hybrid courses strengthen the students’ commitment to learning and enable high-quality knowledge acquisition. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> This study concerned the design and deployment of a hybrid course that combines face-to-face and Web-based instruction in clinical virology for fourth-year pharmacy students. The study’s objectives were to (1) measure the students’ level of involvement in the course, (2) gauge their interest in this type of learning, and (3) highlight any associated difficulties. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> The study included 194 fourth-year pharmacy students from the Lille Faculty of Pharmacy (University of Lille, Lille, France) between January and June 2017. The students followed a hybrid course comprising an online learning module and 5 tutorial sessions in which professional situations were simulated. The learning module and 3 online evaluation sessions were delivered via the Moodle learning management system. Each tutorial session ended with an evaluation. The number of Moodle log-ins, the number of views of learning resources, and the evaluation marks were recorded. The coefficient for the correlation between the marks in the online evaluation and those in the tutorials was calculated. The students’ opinions and level of satisfaction were evaluated via a course questionnaire. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> The course’s learning resources and Web pages were viewed 21,446 and 3413 times, respectively. Of the 194 students, 188 (96.9%) passed the course (ie, marks of at least 10 out of 20). There was a satisfactory correlation between the marks obtained in the online evaluations and those obtained after the tutorials. The course met the students’ expectations in 53.2% of cases, and 57.4% of the students stated that they were able to work at their own pace. Finally, 26.6% of the students stated that they had difficulty organizing their work around this hybrid course. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> Our results showed that pharmacy students were strongly in favor of a hybrid course. The levels of attendance and participation were high. However, teachers must be aware that some students will encounter organizational difficulties. </sec>