gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Systems for Byte-Addressable NVM by Reducing Bit Flipping. (2019)

New byte-addressable non-volatile memory (BNVM) technologies such as phase change memory (PCM) enable the construction of systems with large persistent memories, improving reliability and potentially reducing power consumption. However, BNVM technologies only support a limited number of lifetime writes per cell and consume most of their power when flipping a bit’s state during a write; thus, PCM controllers only rewrite a cell’s contents when the cell’s value has changed. Prior research has assumed that reducing the number of words written is a good proxy for reducing the number of bits modified, but a recent study has suggested that this assumption may not be valid. Our research confirms that approaches with the fewest writes often have more bit flips than those optimized to reduce bit flipping.\nTo test the effectiveness of bit flip reduction, we built a framework that uses the number of bits flipped over time as the measure of “goodness” and modified a cycle-accurate simulator to count bits flipped during program execution. We implemented several modifications to common data structures designed to reduce power consumption and increase memory lifetime by reducing the number of bits modified by operations on several data structures: linked lists, hash tables, and red-black trees. We were able to reduce the number of bits flipped by up to 3.56× over standard implementations of the same data structures with negligible overhead. We measured the number of bits flipped by memory allocation and stack frame saves and found that careful data placement in the stack can reduce bit flips significantly. These changes require no hardware modifications and neither significantly reduce performance nor increase code complexity, making them attractive for designing systems optimized for BNVM.
Investigation of the Toxicity of the Products of Decoloration of Amaranth by Trametes versicolor (2007)

Trametes versicolor decolorized 2000 mg L(-1) of the mono-azo substituted naphthalenic dye Amaranth with no dye sorption observed visually. The changes in the toxicity were assessed over a period of 30 d for the dye-treated viable culture, control (no dye added), and a boiled culture treated with dye, using the Microtox Acute Toxicity assay. Before dye addition, the culture filtrate had some toxicity, which increased after the dye addition. The toxicity of the dye-treated culture decreased during the treatment. The loss of toxicity occurred at the same time, with the loss of color suggesting that detoxification is associated with decoloration. The change in pH was due to natural metabolic processes and had a small effect on detoxification. Because the toxicity of the treatment was similar to that of the control at the end of the treatment, the effluent seems to be safe for release into the environment, potentially rendering this treatment suitable for industrial application.
Machines and Mindlessness (2000)

Our novel data implicate an insufficient GR signaling in PBMCs in T2DM patients and HPA axis dysfunction. The significant associations of GR-signaling parameters with inflammatory and metabolic indices implicate that GR may be the critical link between HPA axis dysfunction, hypercortisolemia and diabetes-associated metabolic disturbances. Our findings provide significant insights into the contribution of GR-mediated mechanisms in T2DM aetiopathology and therapy.
Recent Development in the Chemistry of 4,5‐Dihalo‐3(2H)‐pyridazinones (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Theoretical study of the surface modification of indium tin oxide with trifluorophenyl phosphonic acid molecules: impact of coverage density and binding geometry (2010)

The interface composed of 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl phosphonic acid (PA) molecules chemisorbed on the indium-tin oxide (ITO) surface was studied at the density functional theory level. The impact of coverage density and binding geometry of the PA molecules on the ITO surface characteristics has been investigated systematically by increasing the PA surface coverage density from one to four PA molecules per surface unit cell. The calculations point to several bonding schemes where the phosphonate (PO3) moieties are directly bonded to the surface In/Sn atoms and/or form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups present on the ITO surface. Both PA coverage density and binding geometry strongly influence the work-function modifications of the ITO surface upon chemisorption. The oxygen core-level binding energy shifts have been calculated and compare favorably with the experimental X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data. Substantial depolarization effects are observed within the PA monolayer at high coverage densities.
Theoretical Studies of the Cross-Linking Mechanisms between Cytosine and Tyrosine (2002)

DNA-protein cross-linking is one of the many DNA lesions mediated by hydroxyl radicals, the most damaging among the reactive oxygen species in biological systems. Density functional theory methods are employed to investigate the complex reaction mechanisms of the formation of cytosine-tyrosine cross-links as observed in gamma-irradiated aqueous solutions of cytosine and tyrosine, as well as in gamma-irradiated nucleohistone. The majority of the radical addition mechanisms considered are found to have significant barriers and therefore to be thermodynamically unfavorable for the formation of the initial cross-linked product. Our calculated reaction potential energy surfaces suggest that a feasible complete mechanism consists of radical combination forming the initial cross-linked product, a hydrogen shuffle within the initial cross-linked product, and an acid-catalyzed dehydration reaction. Water and hydrogen-bonding interactions are suggested to play a key role in catalyzing the hydrogen-transfer step of the reaction.
A Unified Clock and Switched-Capacitor-Based Power Delivery Architecture for Variation Tolerance in Low-Voltage SoC Domains (2019)

Correctly operating digital SoC domains at their target frequencies require the addition of supply voltage ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm{ dd}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) guardbands to account for supply droop events and temperature variation. These guardbands degrade processor energy efficiency, especially in low-voltage sensor and IoT applications due to increased delay sensitivity to temperature and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm{ dd}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variation. In this paper, we present an all-digital unified clock and power (UniCaP-SC) architecture that combines switched-capacitor (SC)-based voltage control and clock frequency regulation into a single loop to significantly reduce required <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm{ dd}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> guardbands. A UniCaP-SC test chip consisting of a near-threshold voltage (NTV) ARM Cortex-M0 processor was fabricated in 65-nm CMOS. The fully integrated system enables all-digital construction, aggressive <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm{ dd}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> margin reduction, and continuous <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm{ dd}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> scalability using SC-based voltage converters while no additional decoupling capacitance (decap). Test-chip measurements demonstrate a 16% <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm{ dd}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> reduction corresponding to a 94% <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm{ dd}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> margin recovery or an equivalent <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> increase in the operating clock frequency ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{\mathrm{ clk}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ).
Synthesis of Substituted Dibenzothiophenes, Pyrazines, Quinoxalines, Flavones, Pyrimidines and Furans by Regioselective Palladium (0)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions (2010)

The palladium(0)-catalyzed Heck reactions of brominated benzothiophene provided functionalized dibenzothiophenes by 6π-electro cyclization reactions. Heck reactions of dichloropyrazine and quinoxaline provided dialkenyl-, 2-alkenyl-3-alkyl and dialkylpyrazines and quinoxalines. Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the bis(triflate) of 7,8- dihyroxyflavone with arylboronic acids afforded aryl-substituted flavones with excellent site-selectivity. Sonogashira reactions of tetrachloropyrimidine and tetrabromofuran provided di-, tri-, tetra-alkynylated and mixed Sonogashira-Suzuki products with excellent fluorescence properties.
A Longitudinal Study of Hantavirus Infection in Three Sympatric Reservoir Species in Agroecosystems on the Argentine Pampa (2007)

Prevalence of antibody reactive with Sin Nombre hantavirus (SNV) was evaluated from rodents captured over 31 months (March 1988 to September 1990) from six mark-recapture grids on the central Argentine Pampa. The most frequently infected rodents were: Akodon azarae (31/459), Necromys benefactus (8/141), and Oligoryzomys flavescens (10/281), which are known hosts of Pergamino, Maciel, and Lechiguanas hantaviruses, respectively. Relative population density and antibody prevalence varied seasonally and from year to year, population densities were highest in fall and prevalences were highest in spring. A positive association between antibody prevalence and body weight corroborated findings from other studies suggesting that hantaviruses are maintained in reservoir populations by horizontal transmission. In two of three host species, transmission was more frequent among male than among female mice. We found no evidence for a detrimental effect of hantavirus infection on host body weight, growth, longevity, movement, or reproductive preparedness. This analysis, based on cryopreserved specimens, represents the earliest conducted longitudinal, mark-recapture study of the dynamics of infection of autochthonous American hantaviruses in their sigmodontine host populations.
MiR‐137 functions as a tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma by downregulating KDM1A (2013)

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, and accounts for ∼15% of all childhood cancer deaths. The histone demethylase, lysine-specific demethylase 1 (KDM1A, previously known as LSD1), is strongly expressed in neuroblastomas, and overexpression correlates with poor patient prognosis. Inducing differentiation in neuroblastoma cells has previously been shown to down regulate KDM1A, and siRNA-mediated KDM1A knockdown inhibited neuroblastoma cell viability. The microRNA, miR-137, has been reported to be downregulated in several human cancers, and KDM1A mRNA was reported as a putative target of miR-137 in colon cancer. We hypothesized that miR-137 might have a tumor-suppressive role in neuroblastoma mediated via downregulation of KDM1A. Indeed, low levels of miR-137 expression in primary neuroblastomas correlated with poor patient prognosis. Re-expressing miR-137 in neuroblastoma cell lines increased apoptosis and decreased cell viability and proliferation. KDM1A mRNA was repressed by miR-137 in neuroblastoma cells, and was validated as a direct target of miR-137 using reporter assays in SHEP and HEK293 cells. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated KDM1A knockdown phenocopied the miR-137 re-expression phenotype in neuroblastoma cells. We conclude that miR-137 directly targets KDM1A mRNA in neuroblastoma cells, and activates cell properties consistent with tumor suppression. Therapeutic strategies to re-express miR-137 in neuroblastomas could be useful to reduce tumor aggressiveness.
Low Cost Automation for Candy Manufacturing: A Case Study (2008)

To fulfill a low cost required solution for automation in replacing human labor efforts in a candy factory, this paper focuses on the design and building of a low cost machine. Simplicity was the key requirement of the design. Tray motion is analyzed and different design concepts are brainstormed and evaluated. The final machine prototype was built and tested for its functionality.
Nanoporous Semicrystalline Syndiotactic Polystyrene with Sulfonated Amorphous Phase, for a Fast and Efficient Removal of VOC Pollutant Traces From Water (2016)

Summary Syndiotactic polystyrene films and aerogels with nanoporous crystalline phase and sulfonated amorphous phase have been prepared and characterized. The nanoporous nature of the crystalline phase confers to these materials a high solubility of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aqueous solutions even at low VOC concentrations while the sulfonation of the amorphous phase enhance the VOC sorption kinetics. These combined properties make these materials particularly interesting for a potential use as a sorption medium to remove traces of pollutants from water. Different aspects relative to the preparation, the structure and the transport properties of these innovative polymeric materials are described.
Re: The Burden of Urinary Incontinence and Urinary Bother among Elderly Prostate Cancer Survivors (2013)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Nov 2013Re: The Burden of Urinary Incontinence and Urinary Bother among Elderly Prostate Cancer Survivors Samir S. TanejaM.D. Samir S. TanejaSamir S. Taneja More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.07.082AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: The Burden of Urinary Incontinence and Urinary Bother among Elderly Prostate Cancer Survivors." The Journal of Urology, 190(5), pp. 1763–1764 © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 190Issue 5November 2013Page: 1763-1764Supplementary Materials Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Samir S. Taneja More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
The chronic toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnCl2toDaphnia magnaand the use of different methods to assess nanoparticle aggregation and dissolution (2013)

In this study, the effect of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnCl2 on growth, reproduction and accumulation of zinc in Daphnia magna was determined in a 21-day chronic toxicity test. A variety of techniques were used to distinguish the free zinc ion, dissolved, nanoparticle and aggregated zinc fraction in the Daphnia test medium. The results showed similar chronic effects on growth, reproduction and accumulation for the ZnO nanoparticles (EC10, 20, 50 reproduction: 0.030, 0.049, 0.112 mg Zn/l) and the ZnCl2 (EC10, 20, 50 reproduction: 0.014, 0.027, 0.082 mg Zn/l). A large fraction of the nanoparticles rapidly dissolved after introduction in the exposure medium. Aggregation of nanoparticles was also observed but within 48 h of exposure most of these ZnO aggregates were dissolved. Based on the combined dissolution kinetics and toxicity results, it can be concluded that the toxicological effects of ZnO nanoparticles at the chronic level can be largely attributed to the dissolved fraction rather than the nanoparticles or initially formed aggregates.
Temperature dependence of cross-effect dynamic nuclear polarization in rotating solids: advantages of elevated temperatures (2016)

Dynamic nuclear polarization exploits electron spin polarization to boost signal-to-noise in magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR, creating new opportunities in materials science, structural biology, and metabolomics studies. Since protein NMR spectra recorded under DNP conditions can show improved spectral resolution at 180-200 K compared to 110 K, we investigate the effects of AMUPol and various deuterated TOTAPOL isotopologues on sensitivity and spectral resolution at these temperatures, using proline and reproducibly prepared SH3 domain samples. The TOTAPOL deuteration pattern is optimized for protein DNP MAS NMR, and signal-to-noise per unit time measurements demonstrate the high value of TOTAPOL isotopologues for Protein DNP MAS NMR at 180-200 K. The combined effects of enhancement, depolarization, and proton longitudinal relaxation are surprisingly sample-specific. At 200 K, DNP on SH3 domain standard samples yields a 15-fold increase in signal-to-noise over a sample without radicals. 2D and 3D NCACX/NCOCX spectra were recorded at 200 K within 1 and 13 hours, respectively. Decreasing enhancements with increasing <sup>2</sup>H-content at the CH<sub>2</sub> sites of the TEMPO rings in CD<sub>3</sub>-TOTAPOL highlight the importance of protons in a sphere of 4-6 Å around the nitroxyl group, presumably for polarization pickup from electron spins.
Synthesis and Functionalization of Porous Zr-Diaminostilbenedicarboxylate Metal–Organic Framework for Storage and Stable Delivery of Ibuprofen (2019)

A stable porous metal-organic framework (MOF), Zr-diaminostilbenedicarboxylate (Zr-DASDCA), was synthesized and modified with oxalyl chloride (OC) or terephthaloyl chloride (TC) to introduce various functional groups onto the Zr-DASDCA. Both pristine and functionalized Zr-DASDCAs, together with activated carbon, were used as a potential carrier for ibuprofen (IBU) storage and delivery. Zr-DASDCAs, especially the modified ones (OC-Zr-DASDCA and TC-Zr-DASDCA), showed competitive results in IBU delivery. Specifically, the release rate in phosphate-buffered saline solution at pH 7.4 was nearly constant (<i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> ≈ 0.98) for up to 10 days, which would be very effective in IBU dosing to the human body. Moreover, the release rate could be controlled by changing the pH of the releasing solution. The rate of IBU release from both pristine and modified Zr-DASDCAs at pH 7.4 and 3.0 was also explained with a few interactions such as H-bonding and electrostatic repulsion, together with the relative pore size of the Zr-DASDCAs. Therefore, the results suggested that functionalization of MOFs via postsynthetic modification, especially with OC and TC, to introduce various functional groups onto MOFs is an effective approach to not only reducing the release rate of IBU but also inducing a constant release of IBU for as long as 10 days.
Noise Analysis and Noise-based Optimization for Resonant MEMS Structures (2008)

Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/16838)
A Temperature-Sensitive dcw1 Mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Cell Cycle Arrested with Small Buds Which Have Aberrant Cell Walls (2004)

Dcw1p and Dfg5p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are homologous proteins that were previously shown to be involved in cell wall biogenesis and to be essential for growth. Dcw1p was found to be a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein. To investigate the roles of these proteins in cell wall biogenesis and cell growth, we constructed mutant alleles of DCW1 by random mutagenesis, introduced them into a Deltadcw1 Deltadfg5 background, and isolated a temperature-sensitive mutant, DC61 (dcw1-3 Deltadfg5). When DC61 cells were incubated at 37 degrees C, most cells had small buds, with areas less than 20% of those of the mother cells. This result indicates that DC61 cells arrest growth with small buds at 37 degrees C. At 37 degrees C, fewer DC61 cells had 1N DNA content and most of them still had a single nucleus located apart from the bud neck. In addition, in DC61 cells incubated at 37 degrees C, bipolar spindles were not formed. These results indicate that DC61 cells, when incubated at 37 degrees C, are cell cycle arrested after DNA replication and prior to the separation of spindle pole bodies. The small buds of DC61 accumulated chitin in the bud cortex, and some of them were lysed, which indicates that they had aberrant cell walls. A temperature-sensitive dfg5 mutant, DF66 (Deltadcw1 dfg5-29), showed similar phenotypes. DCW1 and DFG5 mRNA levels peaked in the G1 and S phases, respectively. These results indicate that Dcw1p and Dfg5p are involved in bud formation through their involvement in biogenesis of the bud cell wall.
Detection of a Potato Disease (Early Blight) Using Artificial Intelligence (2021)

This study evaluated the potential of using machine vision in combination with deep learning (DL) to identify the early blight disease in real-time for potato production systems. Four fields were selected to collect images (n = 5199) of healthy and diseased potato plants under variable lights and shadow effects. A database was constructed using DL to identify the disease infestation at different stages throughout the growing season. Three convolutional neural networks (CNNs), namely GoogleNet, VGGNet, and EfficientNet, were trained using the PyTorch framework. The disease images were classified into three classes (2-class, 4-class, and 6-class) for accurate disease identification at different growth stages. Results of 2-class CNNs for disease identification revealed the significantly better performance of EfficientNet and VGGNet when compared with the GoogleNet (FScore range: 0.84–0.98). Results of 4-Class CNNs indicated better performance of EfficientNet when compared with other CNNs (FScore range: 0.79–0.94). Results of 6-class CNNs showed similar results as 4-class, with EfficientNet performing the best. GoogleNet, VGGNet, and EfficientNet inference time values ranged from 6.8–8.3, 2.1–2.5, 5.95–6.53 frames per second, respectively, on a Dell Latitude 5580 using graphical processing unit (GPU) mode. Overall, the CNNs and DL frameworks used in this study accurately classified the early blight disease at different stages. Site-specific application of fungicides by accurately identifying the early blight infected plants has a strong potential to reduce agrochemicals use, improve the profitability of potato growers, and lower environmental risks (runoff of fungicides to water bodies).
Current Concepts in the Management of Unilateral Recurrent Nerve Paralysis after Tyroid Surgery (2005)

International audience
The Shazam music recognition service (2006)

Guided by a user's query-by-example music sample, it delivers the matching song, as well as related music information, of immediate interest to the user.