gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of Drilled Lithology in Real-Time Using Deep Learning with Online Calibration (2021)

Summary Decision making to optimize the drilling operation is based on a variety of factors, among them real-time interpretation of drilled lithology. Because logging while drilling (LWD) tools are placed some meters above the bit, mechanical drilling parameters are the earliest indicators, although they are difficult to interpret accurately. This paper presents a novel deep learning methodology using mechanical drilling parameters for lithology classification. A cascade of deep neural networks (DNNs) are trained on historical data from wells on a field operated by Equinor. Rather than an end-to-end approach, the drilling parameters are used to estimate LWD sensor readings in an intermediate step using the first DNNs. This allows continuous updates of the models during operation using delayed LWD data. The second DNN takes the virtual LWD estimates as input to predict currently drilled lithology, similar to manual expert interpretation of logs. This configuration takes into account case-dependent [mud, bottomhole assembly (BHA), wellbore geometry] and time-varying (bit wear, wellbore friction) relationships between drilling parameters and LWD readings while assuming a constant rule when using LWD data to classify lithology. Upon completion of training and validation, the system is tested on a separate, unseen wellbore, for which results are presented. Visualizations for true lithology alongside the estimates are given, along with confusion matrices and model accuracy. The system achieves high accuracy on the test set and presents low confusion between classes, meaning that it distinguishes well between the lithologies present in the wellbore. It can be seen that the borders between successive layers of lithology are detected rapidly, which is crucial seen from an optimization standpoint, so the driller may immediately adjust accordingly. It shows promise as an advisory system, capable of accurately classifying currently drilled lithology by continuously adapting to changing downhole conditions. Although we cannot expect perfect estimates of lithology purely based on drilling parameters, we can obtain a preliminary map of the subsurface this way. This novel configuration gives a real-time interpretation of the currently drilled lithology. Thus, the drilling operation can be improved through early information and prompt drilling parameter adjustments to accommodate the current drilling environment.
An adaptive reference frame selection method for multiple reference frame motion estimation in the H.264/AVC (2009)

The H.264/AVC achieves higher coding efficiency than the previous video coding standards such as MPEG-4 and H.263. H.264 adopted the multiple reference-frame motion estimation (MRF-ME). Although this new technique significantly improves the prediction accuracy, it requires very heavy encoding complexity in proportion to the number of reference frames. In this paper, we propose an adaptive reference-frame selection (ARFS) method using neighboring reference-frame information and Bayes theory. We show that the proposed algorithm effectively reduces the encoding complexity of MRF-ME and achieves similar coding gain, compared to the previous methods.
Modeling, filtering and optimization for AFM arrays (2011)

In this paper, we present new tools and results developed for Arrays of Microsystems and especially for Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) array design. For modeling, we developed a two-scale model of cantilever arrays in elastodynamics. A robust optimization toolbox is interfaced to aid for design before the microfabrication process. A model based algorithm of static state estimation using measurement of mechanical displacements by interferometry is stated. Quantization of interferometry data processing is analyzed for FPGA implementation. A robust H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> filtering problem of the coupled cantilevers is solved for time-invariant system with random noise effects. Our solution allows semi-decentralized computing based on functional calculus that can be implemented by networks of distributed electronic circuits as shown in a previous paper.
Insect antifeedants from Atalantia racemosa (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsect antifeedants from Atalantia racemosaDevanand L. Luthria, Vijayaraghavan Ramakrishnan, Girja S. Verma, Bharathi R. Prabhu, and Asoke BanerjiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1989, 37, 5, 1435–1437Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00089a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00089a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Results from an absolute gravity survey in the United States (1983)

Using the recently completed JILA absolute gravity meter, we made an absolute gravity survey which covered 12 sites in the United States. Over a period of 8 weeks, the instrument was driven a total distance of nearly 20,000 km to sites in California, New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Maryland, and Massachusetts. The time spent in carrying out a measurement at a single location was typically 1 day. A measurement accuracy of around 1×10 −7 m/s 2 (10 μGal) is believed to have been obtained at each of the sites.
A novel dual SCR device for ESD protection (2009)

This paper presents a novel dual SCR (dSCR) device for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection. Comparing with the conventional dSCR structures, the new device is more suitable for low-voltage integrated circuit ESD protection applications since it just possesses a proper trigger voltage and holding voltage <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Gyrotropic Zener tunneling and nonlinear IV curves in the zero-energy Landau level of graphene in a strong magnetic field (2018)

We have investigated tunneling current through a suspended graphene Corbino disk in high magnetic fields at the Dirac point, i.e. at filling factor ν = 0. At the onset of the dielectric breakdown the current through the disk grows exponentially before ohmic behaviour, but in a manner distinct from thermal activation. We find that Zener tunneling between Landau sublevels dominates, facilitated by tilting of the source-drain bias potential. According to our analytic modelling, the Zener tunneling is strongly affected by the gyrotropic force (Lorentz force) due to the high magnetic field.
Coupled Optical Solitons in Microwave-Assisted Plasmonic Graphene Waveguide (2022)

The emergence of soliton in plasmonic graphene waveguide is investigated in the presence of optical and microwave fields. The considered configuration encompasses a monolayer graphene waveguide placed between parallel plate capacitor. The optical fields are launched as surface plasmon polariton modes, while the microwave field is applied to the capacitor. The governing nonlinear-Schrödinger equations of the propagating optical fields have been derived. It is shown that electronically controlled coupled optical solitons can be achieved by altering the corresponding self- (and cross-) modulation terms with proper electrical biasing and doping concentration. This present work paves the way towards soliton formation in the field of quantum technology.
Shot Peening Modeling and Simulation for RCS Assessment (2016)

The application of shot peening to components and structures induces residual compressive stresses (RCS) on the surface. It has also been identified that fatigue, corrosion fatigue (CF) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) are lifted by RCS. However, failures still occur in local areas of shot peened components under service conditions at stresses below the yield strength of the material. This calls for a real assessment of the distribution of stresses in the shot peened component for enhanced prediction of induced RCS. This report is the first part of an ongoing research aimed at establishing a simplified methodology for a realistic simulation of the shot peening process and the accompanying residual stress by combined DEM-FEM approach. In this paper, the authors have replaced the transient analysis used in past DEM-FEM approach with a simpler static structural analysis. The results obtained are validated with similar experimental results available in literature. This will serve as a reliable tool for more accurate analysis/prediction of the service life of shot peened components and for enhancement of shot peening application as a life-extension remedy to critical engineering components.
Exploiting Causal Independence in Bayesian Network Inference (1996)

A new method is proposed for exploiting causal independencies in exact Bayesian network inference. A Bayesian network can be viewed as representing a factorization of a joint probability into the multiplication of a set of conditional probabilities. We present a notion of causal independence that enables one to further factorize the conditional probabilities into a combination of even smaller factors and consequently obtain a finer-grain factorization of the joint probability. The new formulation of causal independence lets us specify the conditional probability of a variable given its parents in terms of an associative and commutative operator, such as ``or'', ``sum'' or ``max'', on the contribution of each parent. We start with a simple algorithm VE for Bayesian network inference that, given evidence and a query variable, uses the factorization to find the posterior distribution of the query. We show how this algorithm can be extended to exploit causal independence. Empirical studies, based on the CPCS networks for medical diagnosis, show that this method is more efficient than previous methods and allows for inference in larger networks than previous algorithms.
Polymer Nanocomposites Characterization: Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal Oxide on Nanocellulose for Enabling Microscopic Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites (Small 46/2018) (2018)

Characterization of organic nanoparticle orientation in a polyurethane foam, which exhibits anisotropic mechanical properties, remains challenging. In article number 1803439, John F. Conley Jr., Pratheep K. Annamalai, and co-workers briefly demonstrate the application of atomic layer deposition to enhance the contrast of nanocellulose through a coating of alumina on nanocellulose and enabling microscopic characterisation. By incorporating alumina coated nanocellulose in a polyurethane foam, it also demonstrates nanocellulose alignment in the foam-rise direction.
Differentiation of iron deficiency and the anemia of chronic disease. (1985)

The predictive value positive of serum iron studies and erythrocyte indices in differentiating between iron deficiency anemia and the anemia of chronic disease (ACD) were determined in 82 hospitalized patients with an iron-binding saturation of 15 percent or less. Iron deficiency, determined by serum ferritin of 20 ng/mL or less, was present in only 31 percent of patients with a serum iron level of 10 micrograms/dL or less; 39 percent of patients with a transferrin saturation of 5 percent or less, and 54 percent of patients with a total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) of 350 micrograms/dL or greater; conversely, iron deficiency was present in only 3 percent of patients with a TIBC of 250 micrograms/dL or less. Iron deficiency was present in 83 percent of patients with a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 75 microns3 or less, but only 2 percent of patients with an MCV of 86 microns3 or greater. It is concluded that the MCV has strong predictive value positive (and negative) when below (or above) the values just cited, but that serum iron studies do not have sufficient predictive value to justify their use in the routine differentiation between iron deficiency anemia and the ACD in hospitalized patients when no other cause for anemia is likely.
CMOS-compatible back-end process for in-plane actuating ferromagnetic MEMS (2009)

We have designed, fabricated, and tested in-plane actuating ferromagnetic MEMS switches and solenoidal inductors, which were produced using a CMOS-compatible back-end process. This process creates compact high-performance devices without high temperature processes (<; 400°C) or etching into the plane of the wafer.
Burkholderia cepaciaIs Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension and Increased Mortality among Cystic Fibrosis Patients (2004)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of Burkholderia cepacia on cardiovascular status and mortality in cystic fibrosis. Seven patients infected with B. cepacia were matched with 31 patients not infected with this organism for gender, age, height, weight, genotype, and percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second, partial arterial oxygen pressure, and pancreatic sufficiency status. The pulmonary artery systolic pressure, as assessed by transthoracic echocardiography, was significantly higher in patients infected with B. cepacia (61.3 +/- 17.2 mm Hg) than in controls (37.3 +/- 13.9 mm Hg; P = 0.02), and the mean acceleration time was significantly lower (77 +/- 33 ms versus 108 +/- 25 ms; P = 0.02). The 6-month mortality was significantly higher in patients infected with B. cepacia (57% versus 16%; P = 0.02). Six of the seven patients infected with B. cepacia harbored the same ribotype (genomovar II, B. multivorans). Pulmonary hypertension was significantly more frequent in patients infected by B. cepacia and could contribute to the increased mortality rate.
Bloodstream Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- Producing Escherichia coli : Risk Factors for Inadequate Initial Antimicrobial Therapy (2008)

Extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains of Escherichia coli are a significant cause of bloodstream infections (BSI) in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients. We previously showed that delaying effective antimicrobial therapy in BSI caused by ESBL producers significantly increases mortality. The aim of this retrospective 7-year analysis was to identify risk factors for inadequate initial antimicrobial therapy (IIAT) (i.e., empirical treatment based on a drug to which the isolate had displayed in vitro resistance) for inpatients with BSI caused by ESBL-producing E. coli. Of the 129 patients considered, 56 (43.4%) received IIAT for 48 to 120 h (mean, 72 h). Independent risk factors for IIAT include an unknown BSI source (odds ratios [OR], 4.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.98 to 11.91; P = 0.001), isolate coresistance to >or=3 antimicrobials (OR, 3.73; 95% CI, 1.58 to 8.83; P = 0.003), hospitalization during the 12 months preceding BSI onset (OR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.42 to 7.79; P = 0.005), and antimicrobial therapy during the 3 months preceding BSI onset (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.11 to 6.29; P = 0.02). IIAT was the strongest risk factor for 21-day mortality and significantly increased the length of hospitalization after BSI onset. Our results underscore the need for a systematic approach to the management of patients with serious infections by ESBL-producing E. coli. Such an approach should be based on sound, updated knowledge of local infectious-disease epidemiology, detailed analysis of the patient's history with emphasis on recent contact with the health care system, and aggressive attempts to identify the infectious focus that has given rise to the BSI.
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF NEURONAL AND GLIAL ISOENZYMES OF BRAIN ENOLASE (1978)

Abstract— Two of the major brain enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) isoenzymes exist as cell specific forms. The neuron specific enolase (NSE) is localized in neurons and the non‐neuronal enolase (NNE) in glial cells. A third enolase containing one subunit from each of the above species is also present in brain and has been designated hybrid enolase. The stabilities of the brain enolases towards incubation with chloride and bromide salts is markedly different. NNE is rapidly inactivated upon incubation in 0.5 M‐KCI or KBr while NSE is minimally effected and the hybrid has an intermediate stability. The inactivation is temperature dependent and reversible by salt removal. Magnesium exerts a stabilizing effect on each enzyme form. The mechanism of the reversible salt inactivation involves dissociation of the enolase subunits with reassociation occurring during reactivation. The brain enolases also display marked stability differences during incubation in 3 M‐urea. with the neuronal form again being more stable. The urea inactivation was highly reversible for NNE but only marginally so for NSE. The neuronal enolase is also by far the most stable of the brain enolases at 50°C.
A smart motion estimation paradigm for real-time video coding (2007)

Motion estimation (ME) is of great importance for video compression. In this dissertation, a paradigm for real-time ME is presented. Solutions at all levels of abstractions, i.e., algorithmic, architectural, and circuit level, are provided. Two ME algorithms, one based on pattern search and other based on full search, are proposed. The goal is to provide fast estimation with minimum loss in visual quality. The first approach, called multi-path search (MPS), iteratively zeros in on the absolute minimum. Unlike other pattern search algorithms, the proposed algorithm is robust to local minima traps. It eliminates up to 98% computations with less than 1% loss in quality as compared to full search. It is flexible and suitable for real-time encoding of natural video sequences with any type of motion content. 
The second approach, named adaptive search window size (ASWS) algorithm, is designed specifically for hardware implementation. The search window size and the search origin are optimized for each individual block based on the spatial and temporal correlated nature of video data. With a regular dataflow, it retains the regularity and scalability of full search, eliminating more than 94% of candidates in the search window with a maximum loss of 0.2dB in quality when compared to full search. 
An efficient ME engine (MEE) is also implemented. Computational complexity is tackled at algorithmic level by using the ASWS algorithm while memory I/O is reduced by using a clever data reuse scheme. The design includes several novelties, among which are a novel processing element, an innovative dataflow scheme facilitated by clever processing array design, and a small local memory. The proposed architecture performs real-time ME for 4CIF video with 60 fps at 100 MHz while maintaining 100% hardware utilization. 
Adder circuits form the core of the proposed MEE. Their performance significantly impacts the entire system and hence a high performance hybrid-CMOS full adder circuit is proposed. The proposed adder offers high speed operation, good driving capability, and high noise tolerance making it ideal for larger cascaded adders, commonplace in ME hardware. The adder shows roughly 30% improvement in the PDP when compared to its best counterpart.
The Biology and Clinical Relevance of the PTEN Tumor Suppressor Pathway (2004)

Genetic alterations targeting the PTEN tumor suppressor gene are among the most frequently noted somatic mutations in human cancers. Such lesions have been noted in cancers of the prostate and endometrium and in glioblastoma multiforme, among many others. Moreover, germline mutation of PTEN leads to the development of the related hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes, Cowden disease, and Bannayan-Zonana syndrome, wherein breast and thyroid cancer incidence is elevated. The protein product, PTEN, is a lipid phosphatase, the enzymatic activity of which primarily serves to remove phosphate groups from key intracellular phosphoinositide signaling molecules. This activity normally serves to restrict growth and survival signals by limiting activity of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway. Multiple lines of evidence support the notion that this function is critical to the ability of PTEN to maintain cell homeostasis. Indeed, the absence of functional PTEN in cancer cells leads to constitutive activation of downstream components of the PI3K pathway including the Akt and mTOR kinases. In model organisms, inactivation of these kinases can reverse the effects of PTEN loss. These data raise the possibility that drugs targeting these kinases, or PI3K itself, might have significant therapeutic activity in PTEN-null cancers. Akt kinase inhibitors are still in development; however, as a first test of this hypothesis, phase I and phase II trials of inhibitors of mTOR, namely, rapamycin and rapamycin analogs are underway.
Detection and Discrimination Capabilities of a Multitransducer Single-Chip Gas Sensor System (2006)

The performance of a single-chip, three-transducer, complementary metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor microsystem has been thoroughly evaluated. The monolithic gas sensor system includes three polymer-coated transducers, a mass-sensitive cantilever, a thermoelectric calorimetric sensor, and an interdigitated capacitive sensor that are integrated along with all electronic circuits needed to operate these sensors. The system additionally includes a temperature sensor and a serial interface unit so that it can be directly connected to, for example, a microcontroller. Several multitransducer chips have been coated with various partially selective polymers and then have been exposed to different volatile organic compounds. The sensitivities of the three different polymer-coated transducers to defined sets of gaseous analytes have been determined. The obtained sensitivity values have then been normalized with regard to the partition coefficients of the respective analyte/polymer combination to reveal the transducer-specific effects. The results of this investigation show that the three different transducers respond to fundamentally different molecular properties, such as the analyte molecular mass (mass-sensitive), its dielectric coefficient (capacitive), and its sorption heat (calorimetric) so that correlations between the determined sensitivity values and the different molecular properties of the absorbed analytes could be established. The information as provided by the system, hence, represents a body of orthogonal data that can serve as input to appropriate signal processing and pattern recognition techniques to address issues such as the quantification of analytes in mixtures.