gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Transient Perturbations and Heterogeneities in Subsurface Wave Propagation - A Scalable Numerical Solution (2019)

Abstract The objective of this work is to present the development of a numerical model for wave propagation in materials with time-varying, heterogeneous, and non-linear properties. Materials change with time as the result of complex linear and non-linear processes, which can occur due to natural causes or induced. Wave phenomena in this context brings about an interesting and complex problem, which involves the solution to coupled equations which describe interlinked multiphysics phenomena. Thus, understanding the dynamics of this interaction is beneficial to numerous applications across different industries and applied research; e.g. acoustic characterization of moving fluids, laser-fluid interaction, distributed optical fiber sensing, photonic integrated systems, among others. Numerical models, therefore, are indispensable to gain a deeper insight about the physical dynamics of the process and, ultimately, purvey a platform to design and test new applications and technologies. Over time some numerical models have been proposed to simulate wave phenomena in these situations. The method and solution reviewed in this work provides a unique solution to develop and optimize multiple applications. For example, it can be used to model the interaction of electromagnetic waves with travelling Bragg mirrors produced by temperature or pressure changes in optical fibers, which is the basis of fiber-based distributed fiber sensing; the scattering of acoustic waves by transient disturbances in fluid flow that may arise from gas bubbles or variations in the density of fluids; and the propagation of an electromagnetic pulse in a rapidly moving and varying fluid. The mathematical description of the process was derived originally for electromagnetics; yet, the numerical solver and mathematical treatment is generic and can be applied to other wave phenomena. The derivation departs from physical principles to write a generalized set of equations that describe wave propagation in time-varying, heterogeneous, and non-linear materials. The resulting set of hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDE) includes diffusive and convective terms that fully describe the wave interaction and process. Linear and nonlinear spatial and time heterogeneities in the material are assimilated into the convective terms of the hyperbolic wave equation. The solver was implemented using a semi-discrete and multidimensional scheme based in the finite-volume method which is highly scalable. Extension to other wave phenomena is discussed by analyzing the parameter correspondence for the acoustic and electromagnetic case.
Effects of Odorants on Pigment Aggregation and cAMP in Fish Melanophores (1994)

Odor perception within olfactory neuroepithelium and pigment translocation within melanophores both seem to rely on a cAMP-based second messenger system. From studies on cultured frog melanophores, Lerner et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:261-264, 1988) suggested that some aspect of odor perception may be mediated by a nonspecific mechanism whose signal is transduced by a cAMP-based second messenger system. In the present study, odorants (beta-ionone, benzylaldehyde, cineole, cinnamaldehyde, and octanol), which previously have been shown to stimulate formation of cAMP in the olfactory neuroepithelium, were investigated for possible pigment dispersing and cAMP-increasing effects. Pretreatment of fish melanophores with the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin (1 microM) resulted in an approximately 300% increase in cAMP and an almost complete blockage of noradrenaline-induced pigment aggregation. However, none of the tested odorants were able to increase the cAMP level and only cinnaldehyde and beta-ionone were found to have any pigment dispersing activity.
Aerosol deposition in the human lung following administration from a microprocessor controlled pressurised metered dose inhaler. (1995)

The SmartMist device allowed reproducible actuation of an MDI at a preprogrammed point during inspiration. The extent of aerosol deposition in the lung is affected by a change in firing point and is promoted by an inhaled flow rate of up to 90 l/min-that is, the slow and medium setting used in these studies.
Abstract 341: Predicting clinical endocrine response in advanced breast cancers using a reproducible low-dimensional biomarker (2021)

Abstract In the absence of reliable and effective prognostic biomarkers, endocrine therapy remains the standard of care for all advanced and metastatic estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers. Attempts to develop biomarkers using the baseline tumor transcriptome or genome of advanced ER+ breast cancers have so far been unsuccessful due to predictive models with poor reproducibility in independent studies. Here we present an approach to develop a low-dimensional biomarker that estimates the risk of adverse events on endocrine therapy using the baseline tumor transcriptome of patients. Using a framework for supervised dimensionality reduction of the gene expression feature space, we constructed an endocrine response signature (ENDORSE) modeled on the survival outcomes of ER+ breast cancers from METABRIC. ENDORSE outperformed transcriptome-wide and knowledge-based signature models while significantly improving upon routine histopathological and genomic classifiers in cross-validation analyses. The ENDORSE risk estimate accurately predicted the outcomes for endocrine therapy in three independent clinical trials for ER+ breast cancers. Further, analysis of the phenotypes enriched in high-risk categories show endocrine resistance was not associated with rates of proliferation, but instead with a potential loss of DNA damage repair and cell-matrix interaction pathways. Citation Format: Aritro Nath, Adam Cohen, Jeffrey Chang, Andrea Bild. Predicting clinical endocrine response in advanced breast cancers using a reproducible low-dimensional biomarker [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 341.
A STUDY ON INTEREST OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SELECTION OF SUBJECT AND SOURCES OF GUIDANCE (2016)

This research study highlights the interest of secondary school students in the selection of subject and sources of guidance.Choosing a career in a particular stream or profession right at the beginning has a long lasting impact on a student's future.It is very important for any student to choose the subject carefully from various subjects according to their interest.As soon as a student reaches the 10 th standard, some pressure of choosing a career path lingers in their mind.At this time, there is a need of guidance in the selection of subject.The survey method was used for the present study.The sample of the study has been selected from the Secondary Schools of Mandsaur (Madhya Pradesh).100 students have been selected randomly from different schools.Standardized educational interest test was used by investigators.One self-made open questionnaire was constructed by investigators to know the opinion of students that whom do they take guidance for selecting the subject at 10, +2 level.The result shows that students are interested in fine art and science subject.
Arginine deiminase originating fromLactococcus lactisssp.lactisAmerican Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 7962 induces G1-phase cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in SNU-1 stomach adenocarcinoma cells (2009)

There are multiple lines of evidence that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exert cancer-preventive effects. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study we found that the cytoplasmic fraction of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 7962 exerted the strongest antiproliferative effects (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 17 microg/ml) in SNU-1 human stomach cancer cells and arginine deiminase (ADI; EC 3.5.3.6) activity. We also cloned, expressed and purified ADI from L. lactis ssp. lactis ATCC 7962 (LADI). Both purified ADI from L. lactis (PADI; IC50 = 2 microg/ml) and recombinant ADI originating from LADI (IC50 = 0.6 microg/ml) inhibited the proliferation of SNU-1 cells. LADI induced G0/G1-phase arrest, sub-G1 accumulation, DNA condensation and DNA fragmentation in SNU-1 cells. 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and DNA fragmentation data provide evidence that LADI induces apoptosis in SNU-1 cells. LADI increased the expressions of p53 and p27Kip1, and decreased the expressions of cyclin D1, c-myc and Bcl-xL in SNU-1 cells. However, LADI had no effects on the expressions of p21Cip1 and Bcl-2. Collectively, these data indicate that ADI induces apoptosis and G0/G1-phase arrest of SNU-1 cells, which might contribute to the chemopreventive potential of LAB.
One pot catalytic conversion of cellulose into biodegradable surfactants (2010)

Cellulose has been directly converted into environmentally friendly alkyl glycoside surfactants in a one pot transformation. By working in ionic liquid media with Amberlyst 15Dry (A15) as catalyst and coupling the rate of cellulose hydrolysis and the rate of glycosidation of the monosaccharides formed with C(4) to C(8) alcohols, it was possible to obtain 82% mass yield of octyl-alpha,beta-glucoside plus octyl-alpha,beta-xyloside.
Path resistance reduction through automated Multi-Level Metal and Via insertion for IC layout design (2013)

Current EDA market has plenty of DFM (Design for Manufacturing) solutions on via doubling for VLSI design which enhances single-level metal (hierarchy) interconnections. A new conceptual approach, Multi-Level Metal and Via (MLMV) is proposed to extend the capability to insert metals and vias across multiple hierarchies to lower effective resistance. The objective is to improve signal integrity by reducing resistance across metal paths for individual signals, inclusive of supplies across the full chip. MLMV also takes into consideration the critical signals integrity of the design. The tool ensures no metal insertion is too close to critical signals, to prevent potential noise in the design. The results discussed in this paper show a significant improvement in terms of reducing the effective resistance of experimental test case signal path up to 90% in comparing to the conventional via filling solution. With these significant results, it can be concluded that MLMV is able to populate the metal and via effectively and minimizing resistance in the design.
Birth of a mud volcano: East Java, 29 May 2006 (2007)

On 29 May 2006, an eruption of steam, water, and, subsequently, mud occurred in eastern Java in a location where none had been previously documented. This "pioneer" mud eruption (the first to occur at this site) appears to have been triggered by drilling of overpressured porous and permeable limestones at depths of ~2830 m below the surface. We propose that the borehole provided a pressure connection between the aquifers in the limestones and overpressured mud in overlying units. As this was not protected by steel casing, the pressure induced hydraulic fracturing, and fractures propagated to the surface, where pore fluid and some entrained sediment started to erupt. Flow rates remain high (7000-150,000 m 3 per day) after 173 days of continuous eruption (at the time of this writing), indicating that the aquifer volume is probably significant. A continued jet of fluid, driven by this aquifer pressure, has caused erosion and entrainment of the overpressured mud. As a result, we predict a caldera will form around the main vent with gentle sag-like subsidence of the region covered by the mud flow and surrounding areas. The eruption demonstrates that mud volcanoes can be initiated by fracture propagation through significant thicknesses of overburden and shows that the mud and fluid need not have previously coexisted, but can be "mixed" within unlithified sedimentary strata.
Ce and Dy substitutions inNd2Fe14B: Site-specific magnetic anisotropy from first principles (2022)

A first-principles approach combining density-functional and dynamical mean-field theories in conjunction with a quasiatomic approximation for the strongly localized $4f$ shell is applied to ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{2}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{14}\mathrm{B}$-based hard magnets to evaluate crystal-field and exchange-field parameters at rare-earth sites and their corresponding single-ion contribution to the magnetic anisotropy. In pure ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{2}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{14}\mathrm{B}$, our calculations reproduce the easy-cone to easy-axis transition; theoretical magnetization curves agree quantitatively with experiment. Our study reveals that the rare-earth single-ion anisotropy in the 2-14-1 structure is strongly site dependent, with the $g$ rare-earth site exhibiting a larger value. In particular, we predict that increased $f$- and $g$-site occupancy of $R=$ Ce and Dy, respectively, leads to an increase of the magnetic anisotropy of the corresponding (${\mathrm{Nd},R)}_{2}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{14}\mathrm{B}$-substituted compounds.
Electron-Poor Chiral Diphosphine Ligands: High Performance for Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of Arylboronic Acids at Room Temperature (2009)

Electron-poor chiral diphosphine ligands, MeO-F(28)-BIPHEP (1a) and MeO-F(12)-BIPHEP (1b), were synthesized for controlling a transition-metal catalyst electronically. The 1b-ligated Rh catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity with high % ee for asymmetric 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyls at 20 degrees C. The strong pi-acceptor ability of 1b induces transmetalation of arylboronic acid to catalyst precursor [RhCl(1b)](2) directly in the first step of the catalytic cycle.
PET Imaging of Tumor Growth: Not as Easy as It Looks (2012)

Positron emission tomography can be used to image tumor proliferation when combined with appropriate labeled tracers, such as the thymidine analog [(18)F]-3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine. Although thymidine kinase 1 is the principal mechanism of cell trapping, other variables, such as the cellular level of native thymidine, may need to be considered.
What WiFi Probe Requests can tell you (2023)

Everyday, as we go about our business in a city, we carry around several devices such as smartphones, tablets or even laptops, most of them with an active WiFi interface. This interface “leaks” wireless traces, or footprints, in the form of beacon or probe packets that can be used to identify the presence of people in certain areas. In particular, the analysis of device footprints allows the detection, tracking and monitoring of people in indoor and outdoor scenarios. In this paper, we focus on the probe request messages broadcast by wireless devices and we analyze the behaviour and the characteristics of these messages from different devices, coming from various vendors, with different operating systems and features, also considering the user interaction with them. In particular, we provide a detailed picture of the adoption of MAC address randomization techniques, and on the variety of fields present within the probe request messages.
Smart Pixel Array Network Interface (SAPIENT) for 2D Parallel Data Packet Networks (1997)

We describe a SmArt PIxEl for NeTwork Interface (SAPIENT) chip that performs interfacing of processors to 2-D parallel optical free space networks. This network transfers 2-D parallel data packets between processors on digital optical channels. We assume these parallel data packets contain address information for the destination processor, similar to the format of an ATM packet network, except the packets are passed between processors in a parallel format, in a single clock cycle. Each SAPIENT chip is capable of checking the address bits of an incoming parallel data packet, re-transmitting (or downloading) the packet, and loading electronic data onto the optical network from its host processor. Each data packet arrives as a 2D page-wide (9 bits) packet of network data and can be easily scaled up to larger N × N packets. The SAPIENT demonstration chip contains a 3 × 3 array of smart pixels that provide optical detection and transmission. The SAPIENT also contains address detection and contention avoidance circuitry. In this paper, we describe the optoelectronic technology involved and the circuit function of the SAPIENT chip. We describe a SAPIENT chip in a multiple processor network and present simulation of the SAPIENT interface.
Hydrophilic silicone coatings as fouling release: Simple synthesis, comparison to commercial, marine coatings and application on fresh water-cooled heat exchangers (2019)

A synthesis route to hydrophilic, biocide-free fouling-release coatings by dispersing a polydimethyl siloxane (silicone, PDMS)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) copolymer in a PDMS coating is described. In comparison to known coatings including commercial fouling release for marine vessels, anti-fouling and fouling release performance was investigated by laboratory tests (contact angle, pseudo barnacle test and bacteria culture test applying Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and by application on fresh water-cooled surface condensers mimicking conditions of thermal power plants. A developmental silicone coating comprising PEG reduced fouling growth and adhesion in laboratory tests by more than a factor of ten compared to steel. In a freshwater exposure test, a comparative, commercial fouling release coating performed better than the developmental PEG-PDMS coating and is a promising candidate for applications on surface condensers of thermal power plants as it reduces fouling at a flow rate of just 1.6 m/s.
Supplementary Table S3 from NS-398, ibuprofen, and cyclooxygenase-2 RNA interference produce significantly different gene expression profiles in prostate cancer cells (2023)

Supplementary Table S3 from NS-398, ibuprofen, and cyclooxygenase-2 RNA interference produce significantly different gene expression profiles in prostate cancer cells
Synthesis and Physicochemical Characteristics of New Tetrachloroferrates(III) with Dimethylammonium Cation: X‐ray Crystal Structure of Bis(dimethylammonium) Chloride Tetrachloroferrate(III) (2007)

Abstract Two new tetrachloroferrates(III) have been synthesized of molecular formulas [(CH 3 ) 2 NH 2 ][FeCl 4 ] and [(CH 3 ) 2 NH 2 ] 2 FeCl 5 . The differences in their physicochemical properties have been highlighted using thermal analysis (TG‐MS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystal and molecular structure of [(CH 3 ) 2 NH] 2 FeCl 5 was determined. The iron(III) cation is four coordinated by chloride ions, and it adopts a slightly distorted tetrahedral coordination with three angles smaller and three larger than the tetrahedral one. In the structure four intermolecular N‐H···Cl hydrogen bonds link the [(CH 3 ) 2 NH 2 ] + cations to dimers via a Cl − bridge.
Regulated expression of MUC1 epithelial antigen in erythropoiesis (2003)

MUC1 is a large surface glycoprotein expressed by epithelial cells, which is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated in carcinomas. MUC1 is involved in epithelial cell interactions and appears to function as a signal-transducing molecule. The finding that MUC1 can also be expressed in the haematopoietic lineages prompted us to further investigate the possible function(s) of this molecule in haematopoietic cells. In bone marrow differentiating cells, MUC1 was strongly and selectively expressed during erythropoiesis; it was also weakly expressed during megakaryocytopoiesis and granulomonocytopoiesis; however, no correlation between MUC1 and differentiation marker expression was observed in these lineages. In vitro CD34+ cells, induced towards erythroid differentiation, acquired MUC1 transiently, while expressing increasing levels of the lineage marker glycophorin A. MUC1 was absent in the circulating erythrocytes. During erythropoiesis, MUC1 expression was transcriptionally regulated and the molecule underwent phosphorylation. To investigate the possible role of MUC1 during erythropoiesis, we studied the ability of MUC1 to act as ligand for cell-cell interaction. The sialylated MUC1 glycoforms selectively expressed on erythroid cells were able to bind the macrophage-restricted molecule sialoadhesin. These results suggest that MUC1 can function as a cross-talk molecule between the erythroblasts and the surrounding cells during erythropoiesis.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation in poor-prognosis intermediate-grade and high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in first remission: a pilot study. (1993)

This pilot study suggests that consolidation of first remission with ABMT may improve the long-term DFS rate for diffuse intermediate/high-grade NHL patients at high risk for relapse.
Emil Fischer—Unequalled Classicist, Master of Organic Chemistry Research, and Inspired Trailblazer of Biological Chemistry (2002)

The founder of the chemistry of primary natural products (carbohydrates, purines and nucleosides, and peptides and proteins) was Emil Fischer (see picture). He elucidated the stereochemistry of carbohydrates, introduced the assignment of configuration, developed asymmetric syntheses and protecting-group chemistry, and was the first to obtain synthetic peptides by targeted chain extension. He uncovered the substrate selectivity and stereoselectivity of enzyme reactions, formulated the lock-and-key principle of biological recognition, and became the father of biochemistry. He was born 150 years ago, and 100 years ago he received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
Efficacy and Safety of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Asian Subjects with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection: A Sub-Analysis of Phase 3 Clinical Trials (2016)

The efficacy and safety of a single tablet regimen (STR) of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (E/C/F/TDF) were analyzed in Phase 3 clinical trials in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve and ART-experienced Asian subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. Studies GS-US-236-102 and GS-US-236-103 were randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 144-week studies conducted in ART-naïve subjects, comparing E/C/F/TDF versus efavirenz (EFV)/F/TDF or ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV+RTV) plus emtricitabine/tenofovir DF (F/TDF), respectively. Studies GS-US-236-115 and GS-US-236-121 were randomized, open-label, 96-week long conducted in ART-experienced subjects, who switched to E/C/F/TDF from ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (PI+RTV)+F/TDF, or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)+F/TDF regimens. The E/C/F/TDF appeared to have sustained efficacy and safety and was well tolerated in the small number of ART-naïve and ART-experienced Asian subjects.
Electrochemical Detection of Nitric Oxide on a SWCNT/RTIL Composite Gel Microelectrode (2006)

Abstract Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) were used to make a gel microelectrode for studies of the oxidation of nitric oxide (NO). The Faraday response of the gel microelectrode was contributed from two components: an outside‐surface microdisk and a thin‐layer cell formed by inner porous electrode materials, and enhanced by the thin‐layer effect. An EC mechanism, electrochemical NO oxidation followed by a chemical oxidation, was proposed. The gel microelectrode with a Nafion coating eliminated interferences from nitrite and some biomolecules, improved stability, and had a linear response range from 100 nM to 100 μM.