gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inductive intrinsic localized modes in a one-dimensional nonlinear electric transmission line (2016)

The experimental properties of intrinsic localized modes (ILMs) have long been compared with theoretical dynamical lattice models that make use of nonlinear onsite and/or nearest-neighbor intersite potentials. Here it is shown for a one-dimensional lumped electrical transmission line that a nonlinear inductive component in an otherwise linear parallel capacitor lattice makes possible a new kind of ILM outside the plane wave spectrum. To simplify the analysis, the nonlinear inductive current equations are transformed to flux transmission line equations with analog onsite hard potential nonlinearities. Approximate analytic results compare favorably with those obtained from a driven damped lattice model and with eigenvalue simulations. For this mono-element lattice, ILMs above the top of the plane wave spectrum are the result. We find that the current ILM is spatially compressed relative to the corresponding flux ILM. Finally, this study makes the connection between the dynamics of mass and force constant defects in the harmonic lattice and ILMs in a strongly anharmonic lattice.
Scientific evidence invalidates health assumptions underlying the FCC and ICNIRP exposure limit determinations for radiofrequency radiation: implications for 5G (2022)

In the late-1990s, the FCC and ICNIRP adopted radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure limits to protect the public and workers from adverse effects of RFR. These limits were based on results from behavioral studies conducted in the 1980s involving 40-60-minute exposures in 5 monkeys and 8 rats, and then applying arbitrary safety factors to an apparent threshold specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg. The limits were also based on two major assumptions: any biological effects were due to excessive tissue heating and no effects would occur below the putative threshold SAR, as well as twelve assumptions that were not specified by either the FCC or ICNIRP. In this paper, we show how the past 25 years of extensive research on RFR demonstrates that the assumptions underlying the FCC's and ICNIRP's exposure limits are invalid and continue to present a public health harm. Adverse effects observed at exposures below the assumed threshold SAR include non-thermal induction of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, cardiomyopathy, carcinogenicity, sperm damage, and neurological effects, including electromagnetic hypersensitivity. Also, multiple human studies have found statistically significant associations between RFR exposure and increased brain and thyroid cancer risk. Yet, in 2020, and in light of the body of evidence reviewed in this article, the FCC and ICNIRP reaffirmed the same limits that were established in the 1990s. Consequently, these exposure limits, which are based on false suppositions, do not adequately protect workers, children, hypersensitive individuals, and the general population from short-term or long-term RFR exposures. Thus, urgently needed are health protective exposure limits for humans and the environment. These limits must be based on scientific evidence rather than on erroneous assumptions, especially given the increasing worldwide exposures of people and the environment to RFR, including novel forms of radiation from 5G telecommunications for which there are no adequate health effects studies.
Effect of chiral interactions on the structure of Langmuir monolayers (1998)

Structural changes in monolayers of the enantiomer and the racemic mixture of 1-hexadecyl-glycerol with temperature and surface pressure variations are compared. On compression, both monolayers exhibit a variation of the tilt azimuth from the direction to the nearest neighbor to the next nearest neighbor. In the monolayer of the racemate, this variation occurs as a first order transition. In the monolayer of the enantiomer, the unit cell is oblique, and continuously passes from a state close to the low-pressure state of the racemate to a state close to its high-pressure state. The azimuths of the unit-cell distortion and that of the tilt remain almost equal to each other. The effect of chirality decreases when the temperature is increased. Structural changes are explained in detail within the framework of the Landau theory of phase transitions.
Social comparison in crowds (2007)

Modeling crowd behavior is an important challenge for cognitive modelers. We propose a novel model of crowd behavior, based on Festinger's Social Comparison Theory, a social psychology theory known and expanded since the early 1950's. We propose a concrete framework for SCT, and evaluate its implementations in several crowd behavior scenarios. Results from task measures and human judges evaluation shows that the SCT model produces improved results compared to base models from the literature.
DNA as Building Block for Self-Assembly of Micro-components (2008)

Biological processes, and in particular DNA hybridization, offer the potential to form the basis for the assembly of devices at micro- and nano-scales. Our aim is to imitate nature to self-assemble micro-scale parts (<100 microns) using DNA hybridization attachment process. In this paper, a new mechanical DNA hybridization modelling scheme is proposed in order to determine the feasibility of such processes. We expose here how and why DNA hybridization process can provide a good bound to self assemble components, and how molecular modelling methods allow to understand the physical mechanism of this process. Furthermore, the strength of DNA hybridization can be measured and optimised to corroborate and validate the modelling state using an experimental technology based on atomic force microscopy.
Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study of hexagonal turkey egg-white lysozyme (2005)

The structure of turkey egg-white lysozyme (TEWL) has been refined from high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction data. The sample was rapidly obtained as a polycrystalline precipitate at high protein concentration using 0.5 M NaCl solvent pH 6 and was deposited in the PDB with code 1xft. The diffraction data were collected at room temperature. Molecular replacement was shown to give a suitable starting point for refinement, illustrating that powder data can be sufficient for this approach. Crystallographic models were then refined by combined Rietveld and stereochemical restraint analysis of the powder data (d(min) = 3.35 A), resulting in the extraction of reliable lattice parameters and the refinement of the molecular conformation at room temperature. The structure is hexagonal [space group P6(1)22, unit-cell parameters a = 71.0862 (3), c = 85.0276 (5) A] with 12 symmetry-related molecules in the unit cell, in agreement with previous studies. The results of our analysis are indicative of specific amino acids being disordered at this temperature. Upon cooling, a sudden drop in the lattice parameters at approximately 250 K is observed concurrently with the freezing of the mother liquor. The observation of severe peak broadening below this temperature indicates strain effects accompanying the freezing transition, which are found to be reversible. Finally, a correlation between the unit-cell parameters and the pH of the buffer solution is evident, in a similar manner to earlier observations on HEWL.
Epigenetic Divergence during Early Stages of Speciation in an African Crater Lake Cichlid Fish (2021)

Abstract Epigenetic variation can alter transcription and promote phenotypic divergence between populations facing different environmental challenges. Here we assess the epigenetic basis of diversification during the early stages of speciation. We focus on the extent and functional relevance of DNA methylome divergence between two Astatotilapia calliptera ecomorphs in crater Lake Masoko, southern Tanzania. We report extensive genome-wide methylome divergence between populations linked to key biological processes, including transcriptional activity of ecologically-relevant genes. These include genes involved in steroid metabolism, haemoglobin composition and erythropoiesis, consistent with divergent habitat occupancy of the ecomorphs. Using a common garden experiment, we found that global methylation profiles are rapidly remodelled across generations, but ecomorph-specific differences can be inherited. Collectively, our study suggests an epigenetic contribution to early stages of vertebrate speciation. One sentence summary Inheritance and plasticity of epigenetic divergence characterise early stages of speciation in an incipient cichlid species of an African crater lake.
[Incidence, predisposing factors, acute complications and prognostic significance of intracoronary thrombus formation during PTCA]. (1993)

Luminal irregularities within the stenosis to be dilated and the clinical syndrome of unstable angina pectoris are predisposing factors for PTCA-induced intracoronary thrombus formation, suggesting that preexisting local activation of the coagulation system plays an independent role for intracoronary thrombus formation during PTCA. Although intracoronary thrombus formation increases the risk for acute complications during PTCA, the long-term result is not adversely affected.
Wafer Bonding of InP to Si and its Application to Optical Devices (1998)

Wafer bonding technology has been investigated to integrate InP lasers on Si wafers for optoelectronic integrated circuits. Room temperature continuous-wave (CW) operation of edge-emitting lasers and photo-pumped operation of surface-emitting lasers have been achieved. A novel bonding process which allows an integration of the optical devices on structured wafers, such as Si LSI wafers, has also been proposed. The wafer bonding is thought to be a promising technique to implement optical interconnections between Si LSI chips.
Dynamic scheduling for heterogeneous resources with time windows and precedence relation (2017)

We consider dynamic scheduling for heterogeneous resources in flexible manufacturing systems. The resources are mobile robots with different capabilities and/or people with different skills. The tasks in the system arise over time and each has a time window for completion. We have developed a method for dynamic scheduling based on mixed integer programming and rolling horizon. The results show it can solve practical scheduling problems fast, and can significantly reduce the cost when compared to current practice.
(N-Phosphinoamidinate)Iron Pre-Catalysts for the Room Temperature Hydrosilylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Broad Substrate Scope at Low Loadings (2013)

The synthesis and structural characterization of three-coordinate iron(II) and cobalt(II) complexes supported by new N-phosphinoamidinate ligands is reported, along with the successful application of these complexes as precatalysts for the challenging room-temperature hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds to afford alcohols upon workup. Under the rigorous screening conditions employed (0.015 mol % Fe) for the reduction of acetophenone, the well-defined iron(II) amido precatalyst 2b, featuring bulky N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl and di-tert-butylphosphino moieties within the N-phosphinoamidinate ligand, exhibited exceptional catalytic performance. Further experimentation revealed that the yield achieved in the hydrosilylation of acetophenone employing 2b was unaltered when conducting reactions in the absence of light, in the presence of excess mercury, or under solvent-free conditions. Notably, precatalyst 2b was found to exhibit the broadest substrate scope reported to date for such room-temperature iron-catalyzed carbonyl hydrosilylations en route to alcohols, enabling the chemoselective reduction of structurally diverse aldehydes and ketones, as well as for the first time esters, at remarkably low loadings (0.01–1.0 mol % Fe) and using only 1 equiv of phenylsilane reductant.
Mode and Lasing Characteristics for Hybrid Square-Rectangular Lasers (2017)

Whispering-gallery mode (WGM) microlasers are potential light sources for monolithic photonic integration circuits and optical interconnects. In this study, stable single-mode hybrid square-rectangular lasers (HSRLs) are reported, based on mode coupling between WGM and Fabry-Pérot (FP) modes. Mode selection mechanisms are explained based on numerical results of the resonant reflection of the square microcavity and energy distributions of coupled mode in the two cavities, and the reduction of effective linewidth enhancement factor is expected as two cavities are modulated individually. HSRLs with different sizes are fabricated by contact photolithography and dry-etching techniques. For a hybrid laser with a square-side length a = 15 μm and the FP cavity length and width of L = 300 μm and d = 2 μm, stable single-mode operation with a side-mode suppression ratio up to 47 dB is obtained, and a small-signal modulation bandwidth of 13.3 GHz is realized by modulating the current of the FP cavity. The dynamic characteristics are further investigated for the hybrid laser. Furthermore, threshold currents and tunable behaviors are compared for HSRLs with a = 10, 15, and 20 μm and d = 1.5 and 2 μm.
Work‐Function Modification of Au and Ag Surfaces upon Deposition of Self‐Assembled Monolayers: Influence of the Choice of the Theoretical Approach and the Thiol Decomposition Scheme (2013)

We have characterized theoretically the work-function modifications of the (111) surfaces of gold and silver upon deposition of self-assembled monolayers based on methanethiol and trifluoromethanethiol. A comparative analysis is made between the experimental results and those obtained from two widely used approaches based on density functional theory. The contributions to the total work-function modifications are estimated on the basis of two decomposition schemes of the thiol molecules that have been proposed in the literature. The contributions are found to differ significantly between the two approaches, as do the corresponding adsorption energies.
Assessment of a New Copper-Based Formulation to Control Esca Disease in Field and Study of Its Impact on the Vine Microbiome, Vine Physiology and Enological Parameters of the Juice (2022)

Copper-based preparations have been used for more than 100 years in viticulture to control downy mildew caused by <i>Plasmopara viticola</i>. LC2017, and a new low-copper-based formulation, has been developed to control grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). Previous greenhouse studies showed the potential of LC2017 to control GTDs by both fungistatic and plant defense elicitor effects. Here, we further characterize the effects of LC2017 in the field determining its impact on: (i) incidence of Esca, (ii) the vine microbiome, (iii) the vine physiology and (iv) enological parameters of juices. We observed a progressive decrease of cumulate Esca incidence in treated vines over the years with annual fluctuation related to the known erratic emergence of GTD symptoms. Neither harmful effects of LC2017 on the vine microbiota, nor on vine physiology were observed (at both transcriptomic and metabolomic levels). Similarly, no impact of LC2017 was observed on the enological properties of berries except for sugar content in juice from esca-diseased vines. The most important result concerns the transcriptomic profiles: that of diseased and LC2017 treated vines differs from that of disease untreated ones, showing a treatment effect. Moreover, the transcriptomic profile of diseased and LC2017-treated vines is similar to that of untreated asymptomatic vines, suggesting control of the disease.
pH-Sensitive Ligand for Luminescent Quantum Dots (2006)

We developed a strategy to switch the luminescence of semiconductor quantum dots with chemical stimulations. It is based on the photoinduced transfer of either energy from CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dots to [1,3]oxazine ligands or electrons from the organic to the inorganic components. The organic ligands incorporate a dithiolane anchoring group, an electron-rich indole, and a 4-nitrophenylazophenoxy chromophore in their molecular skeleton. Their adsorption on the surface of the quantum dots results in partial luminescence quenching. Electron transfer from the indole fragment to the nanoparticles is mainly responsible for the decrease in luminescence intensity. Upon addition of base, the [1,3]oxazine ring of the ligands opens to generate a 4-nitrophenylazophenolate chromophore, which absorbs in the range of wavelengths where the quantum dots emit. This transformation activates an energy-transfer pathway from the excited nanoparticles to the ligands. In addition, the oxidation potential of the ligand shifts in the negative direction, improving the efficiency of electron transfer. The overall result is a decrease in the luminescence quantum yield of 83%. Addition of acid also opens the [1,3]oxazine ring of the ligands. However, the resulting 4-nitrophenylazophenol does not absorb in the visible region and cannot accept energy from the excited nanoparticles. Furthermore, the oxidation potential shifts in the positive direction, lowering the electron-transfer efficiency. In fact, the luminescence quantum yield increases by 33% as a result of this transformation. These changes are fully reversible and can be exploited to probe the pH of aqueous solutions from 3 to 11. Indeed, our sensitive quantum dots adjust their luminescence in response to variations in pH within this particular range of values. Thus, our general design strategy can eventually lead to the development of pH-sensitive luminescent probes for biomedical applications based on the unique photophysical properties of semiconductor quantum dots.
Case 10-2001 (2001)

Presentation of CaseA 53-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of radiographically evident pulmonary nodules.The patient had a long history of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, which was usually well controlled with naproxen. Six years before admission, a painful lump in the right Achilles tendon was excised; microscopical examination indicated that the mass was a rheumatoid nodule. When the patient was seen at this hospital three and a half years before admission, she was using an albuterol inhaler because of a cough productive of clear sputum. Bronchoconstriction was later diagnosed, and bronchodilator therapy was continued.At a subsequent visit, . . .
The Activating Component of the Anaerobic Ribonucleotide Reductase from Escherichia coli (2000)

Class III anaerobic ribonucleotide reductase small component, named protein beta, contains a (4Fe-4S) center. Its function is to mediate electron transfer from reduced flavodoxin to S-adenosylmethionine, required for the introduction of a glycyl radical in the large component, named protein alpha, which then becomes active for the reduction of ribonucleotides. By site-directed mutagenesis we demonstrate that the three cysteines of the conserved CXXXCXXC sequence are involved in iron chelation. Such a sequence is also present in the activase of the pyruvate formate-lyase and in the biotin synthase, both carrying an iron-sulfur center involved in reductive activation of S-adenosylmethionine. Even though they are able to bind iron in the (4Fe-4S) form, as shown by Mössbauer spectroscopy, the corresponding Cys to Ala mutants are catalytically inactive. Mutation of the two other cysteines of the protein did not result in inactivation. We thus conclude that the (4Fe-4S) cluster has, in the wild type protein, only three cysteine ligands and a fourth still unidentified ligand.
Dirty‐Appearing White Matter in the Brain is Associated with Altered Cerebrospinal Fluid Pulsatility and Hypertension in Individuals without Neurologic Disease (2015)

Rarefaction of WM leading to LA is a multifactorial process, in which formation of DAWM induced by hypertension and increased aqueductal CSF pulsatility, may play a contributory role. These two factors appear to act independently of each other in a process that is independent of age.
Receding Horizon Trajectory Planning with an Environment-Based Cost-to-go Function (2006)

This paper presents a general framework for trajectory planning in three dimensions for vehicles with broad maneuvering capabilities operating in continuously evolving environments. The approach combines an online receding horizon trajectory optimization and a cost-to-go function computed offline that approximates the performance of the vehicle in the global environment and provides the terminal cost for the receding horizon optimization. This breakdown permits a computationally tractable implementation. To enable an efficient computation of the cost-to-go function, a finite dimensional decomposition of the global environment is used. The paper describes how this decomposition is set up to compute the cost-to-go function, as well as its integration with the online receding horizon trajectory optimization. An example is used to demonstrate the system's basic capabilities. This approach combines key results from robotics motion planning and vehicle trajectory optimization.
Inversion of the Configuration of Cyanohydrins by a Mitsunobu Esterification Reaction (1993)

Abstract Optically active (R)-cyanohydrins have been transformed into cyanohydrin esters of opposite configuration under Mitsunobu conditions and subsequently solvolyzed to (S)-cyanohydrins in high chemical and optical yield. The method works well for allylic and benzylic cyanohydrins. Cyanohydrins containing strongly electron donating substituents gave extensive racemization. Saturated aliphatic cyanohydrins afforded esters in which the original configuration is retained. These results are discussed in terms of the mechanism of the Mitsunobu reaction.
A magnetic field-responsive domain in the human HSP70 promoter (1999)

HSP70 gene expression is induced by a wide range of environmental stimuli, including 60-Hz electromagnetic fields. In an earlier report we showed that the induction of HSP70 gene expression by magnetic fields is effected at the level of transcription and is mediated through c-myc protein binding at two nCTCTn sequences at -230 and -160. in the human HSP70 promoter. We report on the identification of a third c-myc binding site (between -158 and -162) that is an important regulator of magnetic field-induced HSP70 expression. We also show that the heat shock element (HSE), lying between -180 and -203, is required for induction of HSP70 gene expression by magnetic fields. The HSE centered at -100 alone is insufficient.
The Kentucky elderly need assessment: Concurrent validity of different measures of unmet need (1982)

The purpose was to examine the concurrent criterion-based validity of different measures used in a statewide in-home need assessment survey of a representative sample of 570 older persons. Need was measured and defined in four different ways in six problem areas. The criterion measure was a life satisfaction scale. The set of four need measures yielded a significant multiple R, indicating that the set would generally be related to life satisfaction in older persons. Individually, three of the four need measures made significant contributions. The set of six problem areas also yielded a significant multiple R, with four (Mental Health, Health, Income, Nutrition) making significant individual contributions. Implications for need assessment measurement included: that problem-focused measures are strongly and generally related to need satisfaction, whereas service-focused measures have problems; that both evaluative and descriptive measures appear to be related to need satisfaction; and the clear value of a multineed conception for measurement and for application to program planning and resource allocation. Suggestions for improvement in measures were made and cross-validation called for.
Observing bulk diamond spin coherence in high-purity nanodiamonds (2014)

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamond allow nano-resolution magnetometry. However, their use has been limited by poor quantum state coherence times. Using high purity nanodiamonds we achieve spin coherence comparable to that in bulk diamond.