gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Surface Roughness in Functional Laser Surface Texturing Utilizing Machine Learning (2023)

Functional laser surface texturing (LST) arose in recent years as a very powerful tool for tailoring the surface properties of parts and components to their later application. As a result, self-cleaning surfaces with an improved wettability, efficient engine components with optimized tribological properties, and functional implants with increased biocompatibility can be achieved today. However, with increasing capabilities in functional LST, the prediction of resulting surface properties becomes more and more important in order to reduce the development time of those functionalities. Consequently, advanced approaches for the prediction of the properties of laser-processed surfaces—the so-called predictive modelling—are required. This work introduces the concept of predictive modelling with respect to LST by means of direct laser writing (DLW). Fundamental concepts for the prediction of surface properties are presented employing machine learning approaches, theoretical concepts, and statistical methods. The modelling takes into consideration the used laser parameters, the analysis of topographical, and other process-relevant information in order to predict the resulting surface roughness. For this purpose, two different algorithms, namely artificial neural network and random forest, were trained with experimental data for stainless steel and Stavax surfaces. Statistical results indicate that both models can predict the desired surface topography with high accuracy, despite the use of a small dataset for the training process. The approaches can be used to further optimize the laser process regarding the process efficiency, overall throughput, and other process outcomes.
Lung Cancer Screening With Low-Dose Computed Tomography in the United States—2010 to 2015 (2017)

Lung cancer is the most preventable and leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, with about 155 870 deaths each year.
13C-NMR-Spektren von mono- und disubstituierten Cyclohexenen (1977)

Abstract 13C-NMR-Spektren von mono- und disubstituierten Cyclohexenen werden vorgelegt. Für die 13C-chemischen Verschiebungen von disubstituierten Cyclohexenen gelten gute Additivitäten, sofern nicht sterische Wechselwirkungen auftreten und daraus einige Gesetzmässigkeiten abgeleitet werden können, die in der Konfigurations- und Konformationsanalyse von Bedeutung sind.
Coeficiente de dilatación térmica de la fase LPSO (2015)

El coeficiente lineal de expansión térmica de la fase LPSO con estructura cristalográfica 18R se determinó en el intervalo entre temperatura ambiente y 400 °C mediante dilatometría y difracción de radiación sincrotrón. Los resultados muestran claramente que el coeficiente lineal de dilatación térmica de las fases magnesio y LPSO son similares y, por tanto, no se generan tensiones térmicas en su intercara durante el procesado termomecánico de aleaciones bifásicas Mg-Y-Zn.
Exchange Coupling in a Linear Chain of Three Quantum-Dot Spin Qubits in Silicon (2021)

Quantum gates between spin qubits can be implemented leveraging the natural Heisenberg exchange interaction between two electrons in contact with each other. This interaction is controllable by electrically tailoring the overlap between electronic wave functions in quantum dot systems, as long as they occupy neighboring dots. An alternative route is the exploration of superexchange-the coupling between remote spins mediated by a third idle electron that bridges the distance between quantum dots. We experimentally demonstrate direct exchange coupling and provide evidence for second neighbor mediated superexchange in a linear array of three single-electron spin qubits in silicon, inferred from the electron spin resonance frequency spectra. We confirm theoretically, through atomistic modeling, that the device geometry only allows for sizable direct exchange coupling for neighboring dots, while next-nearest neighbor coupling cannot stem from the vanishingly small tail of the electronic wave function of the remote dots, and is only possible if mediated.
Generation and Characterization of an Immortalized Human Esophageal Myofibroblast Line (2016)

Stromal cells with a myofibroblast phenotype present in the normal human esophagus are increased in individuals with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). We have previously demonstrated that myofibroblasts stimulated with acid and TLR4 agonists increase IL-6 and IL-8 secretion using primary cultures of myofibroblasts established from normal human esophagus. While primary cultures have the advantage of reflecting the in vivo environment, a short life span and unavoidable heterogeneity limits the usefulness of this model in larger scale in vitro cellular signaling studies. The major aim of this paper therefore was to generate a human esophageal myofibroblast line with an extended lifespan. In the work presented here we have generated and characterized an immortalized human esophageal myofibroblast line by transfection with a commercially available GFP-hTERT lentivirus. Immortalized human esophageal myofibroblasts demonstrate phenotypic, genotypic and functional similarity to primary cultures of esophageal myofibroblasts we have previously described. We found that immortalized esophageal myofibroblasts retain myofibroblast spindle-shaped morphology at low and high confluence beyond passage 80, and express α-SMA, vimentin, and CD90 myofibroblast markers. Immortalized human esophageal myofibroblasts also express the putative acid receptor TRPV1 and TLR4 and retain the functional capacity to respond to stimuli encountered in GERD with secretion of IL-6. Finally, immortalized human esophageal myofibroblasts also support the stratified growth of squamous esophageal epithelial cells in 3D organotypic cultures. This newly characterized immortalized human esophageal myofibroblast cell line can be used in future cellular signaling and co-culture studies.
Thermal stressing of bipolar transistors with metal-insulator-semiconductor heterojunction emitters (1988)

Silicon bipolar junction transistors employing metal-thin insulator-semiconductor tunnel junction emitters are capable of realizing extremely high common-emitter current gains. The experimental evidence presented here indicates a possible limitation of these devices as regards their inability to withstand moderate temperature stressing.
Carboxydothermus islandicus sp. nov., a thermophilic, hydrogenogenic, carboxydotrophic bacterium isolated from a hot spring (2010)

An anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain SET IS-9(T), was isolated from an Icelandic hot spring. Cells of strain SET IS-9(T) are short, slightly curved, motile rods. The strain grows chemolithotrophically on CO, producing equimolar quantities of H(2) and CO(2). It also grows fermentatively on lactate or pyruvate in the presence of yeast extract (0.2 g l(-1)). Products of pyruvate fermentation are acetate, CO(2) and H(2). Growth occurs at 50-70 °C, with an optimum at 65 °C, and at pH 5.0-8.0, with an optimum at pH 5.5-6.0. The generation time during chemolithotrophic growth on CO under optimal conditions is 2.0 h. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that the organism belongs to the genus Carboxydothermus. On the basis of phenotypic features and phylogenetic analysis, Carboxydothermus islandicus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain SET IS-9(T) ( = DSM 21830(T) = VKM B-2561(T)). An emended description of the genus Carboxydothermus is also given.
Using Virtualization to Validate Fault-Tolerant Distributed Systems (2010)

Asynchronous events and complex system state distributed across independent nodes make exposure and diagnosis of flaws in distributed systems a challenge. The difficulties are exacerbated when the goal is to validate fault tolerance mechanisms that are activated only by the occurrence of errors, which are, by nature, rare. Validation of fault tolerance mechanisms is often done by injecting faults that emulate the actual faults and ‘‘stress’’ the functionality of the resilience mechanisms. Validation campaigns lasting days and involving thousands of fault injections are often necessary. We present an infrastructure that combines virtualization and software-implemented fault injection to automate validation campaigns and support the analysis of the behavior of a distributed system under test. Virtualization enables: 1) a flexible fault injector capable of emulating a wide variety of faults, and 2) a mechanism for autonomously recovering faulty nodes so that the campaign can continue running on a target system that is fully functional. As a case study we use this infrastructure to validate a Byzantine-fault-tolerant cluster manager. Over 1280 hours of fault injections yielded the exposure of 11 unique flaws in the cluster manager.
Investigation of Angle Drift Induced by Actuation Electrode Errors for Whole-Angle Micro-Shell Resonator Gyroscope (2022)

The symmetry of the actuation electrode is of great importance for the whole-angle gyroscope. In this paper, the angle drift induced by actuation electrode errors of micro-shell resonator gyroscope is investigated. The actuation electrode errors due to the assembly of the micro-shell resonator and substrate electrode would result in interference effects between the energy and pattern-angle control loops and produce the additional angle drift which has great influences on the performance. The additional angle drift is investigated from experimental and simulation analysis under various actuation gain and angle errors. Furthermore, the characterization and compensation methods of actuation electrode errors are also proposed to eliminate the interference effects of control loops and the additional angle drift. After compensation, the scale-factor nonlinearity and bias instability has been improved by 3 and 2 times to 5.79ppm and 0.064 °/h.
The Influence of Dopants on the Nucleation of Semiconductor Nanocrystals from Homogeneous Solution (2005)

The influence of Co2+ ions on the homogeneous nucleation of ZnO is examined. Using electronic absorption spectroscopy as a dopant-specific in-situ spectroscopic probe, Co2+ ions are found to be quantitatively excluded from the ZnO critical nuclei but incorporated nearly statistically in the subsequent growth layers, resulting in crystallites with pure ZnO cores and Zn(1-x)Co(x)O shells. Strong inhibition of ZnO nucleation by Co2+ ions is also observed. These results are explained using the classical nucleation model. Statistical analysis of nucleation inhibition data allows estimation of the critical nucleus size as 25 +/- 4 Zn2+ ions. Bulk calorimetric data allow the activation barrier for ZnO nucleation containing a single Co2+ impurity to be estimated as 5.75 kcal/mol cluster greater than that of pure ZnO, corresponding to a 1.5 x 10(4)-fold reduction in the ZnO nucleation rate constant upon introduction of a single Co2+ impurity. These data and analysis offer a rare view into the role of composition in homogeneous nucleation processes, and specifically address recent experiments targeting formation of semiconductor quantum dots containing single magnetic impurity ions at their precise centers.
An RIP-based evaluation method for candidate next generation cardiac CT architectures with carbon nanotube x-ray source (2012)

Despite impressive advancements in computed tomography (CT) technology in recent years, there are still critical and immediate needs in cardiac CT in terms of high spatial resolution, high temporal resolution and low radiation dose. Because carbon nanotube (CNT) x-ray sources can be compactly integrated, this technology can be used for multisource or stationary system to improve temporal resolution. To avoid the rotation of x-ray source, a lot of source-detector pairs are needed in a stationary CNT-based x-ray system. Limited by the space and costs, the number of source-detector pairs could not be too large, which results in a few-view scan problem. The reconstruction can be modeled as a l<sub>1</sub>-norm minimization problem, which usually can be solved by compressive sensing (CS) based algorithms. To evaluate the data completeness of candidate next generation cardiac CT architectures with CNT x-ray source, based on the fact that smaller restricted isometry property (RIP) constants lead to a better l<sub>1</sub>-norm recovery, we construct a measurement related to the RIP constants. The results show that the proposed RIP-based evaluation method coincides with the known CT reconstruction theory. This method is simple and easy to be implemented for different CT scan architectures, and it provides a practical tool to evaluate the data completeness in the framework of l<sub>1</sub>-norm recovery theory without a specific CS-based reconstruction algorithm.
ChemInform Abstract: Cladinose Analogues of Sixteen‐Membered Macrolide Antibiotics. Part 5. Preparation of Unsubstituted L‐Cladinose Analogues: Effect of Methylation of a 3′′‐Hydroxyl Group on the Bioactivity. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Adults' physical activity patterns across life domains: Cluster analysis with replication. (2010)

Adults can be clustered into groups based on their patterns of accumulating physical activity across life domains. Differences in psychosocial and built environment support between the identified clusters suggest that tailored interventions for different subgroups may be beneficial.
Nanoscale Molecular Superfluidity of Hydrogen (2003)

We present a microscopic quantum theoretical analysis of the nanoscale superfluid properties of solvating clusters of para-H2 around the linear OCS molecule. Path-integral calculations with N=17 para-H2 molecules, constituting a full solvation shell, show the appearance of a significant superfluid response to rotation around the molecular axis at T=0.15 K. This low-temperature superfluid response is highly anisotropic and drops sharply as the temperature increases to T approximately 0.3 K. These calculations provide definitive theoretical evidence that an anisotropic superfluid state exists for molecular hydrogen in this microscopic solvation layer.
Neuroactive steroids, mood stabilizers, and neuroplasticity: alterations following lithium and changes in Bcl-2 knockout mice (2008)

Many neuroactive steroids (NS) demonstrate neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions, including protection against apoptosis via Bcl-2 protein. NS are altered in post-mortem brain tissue from subjects with bipolar disorder, and several agents with efficacy in mania elevate NS in rodents. We therefore hypothesized that lithium and valproate may elevate NS, and compensatory NS increases may occur in Bcl-2 knockout mice. NS levels (allopregnanolone, pregnenolone) were determined in frontal cortex by negative ion chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in male Wistar Kyoto rats treated chronically with lithium, valproate, or vehicle. NS were also investigated in heterozygous Bcl-2 knockout mice. Allopregnanolone levels are significantly elevated in lithium-treated (p<0.05), but not in valproate-treated, rats. Pregnenolone levels also tend to be higher following lithium treatment (p=0.09). Knockout of Bcl-2 significantly increases pregnenolone levels in mice (p<0.01), while allopregnanolone levels are unaltered. NS induction may be relevant to mechanisms contributing to lithium therapeutic efficacy and neuroprotection.
An overall control strategy based on target reaching for the navigation of an urban electric vehicle (2013)

This paper deals with reactive and flexible humanlike autonomous vehicle navigation. A human driver reactively guides his vehicle, performing a smooth trajectory within the roads limits until reaching the defined goal. To obtain a similar behavior with an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), this paper proposes a flexible control law to drive a vehicle towards desired static or dynamic targets based on a novel definition of control variables and Lyapunov stability analysis. Moreover, a target assignment strategy, combined with an appropriate sigmoid function, that allow to perform smooth, flexible and safe vehicle navigation through successive waypoints is presented. The stability of the proposed control strategy is proved according to Lyapunov synthesis. Simulations and experiments are performed in different cases to demonstrate the reliability and efficiency of the control strategy.
Synthesis of β-Tricalcium Phosphate by Use of Wet Milling (1986)

This study was conducted to obtain a fine powder of β-tricalcium phosphate as a startinig material of high strength calcium phosphate ceramics. Calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite was synthesized by the trituration and reaction of a slurry, a mixture of calcium hydrogenphosphate dihydrate and calcium carbonate at the molar ratio 2:1 prepared in a pot mill. for 24h. Calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite was converted to β-tricalcium phosphate by the calcination at 750°C for 1h. The average particle diameter and specific surface area of the synthesized β-tricalcium phosphate were 0.44μm and 27.4m2/g, respectively. The present method was superior to the previous dry process: 1) no requirement of adjustments of pH value and reaction temperature, 2) lower calcination temperature, and 3) easy preparation of a fine powder of β-tricalcium phosphate.
Thyroid Hormone-Related Regulation of Gene Expression in Human Fatty Liver (2009)

These data suggest that impaired thyroid hormone action may contribute to altered patterns of gene expression in fatty liver.
Complex alternative RNA splicing of epsilon-immunoglobulin transcripts produces mRNAs encoding four potential secreted protein isoforms. (1994)

In RNA from human IgE-producing lymphocytes, we previously discovered two alternatively spliced epsilon-immunoglobulin mRNA isoforms that encode a novel secreted form of IgE and a membrane-bound species. Further analysis using epsilon-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions has elucidated several additional alternatively spliced species of epsilon mRNA. One RNA isoform is generated by splicing the CH4 exon to a novel distal splice acceptor site, forming an epsilon RNA species (designated CH4-M2") that encodes a secreted epsilon protein 6 amino acids larger than the classic secreted epsilon protein. The other three novel epsilon RNAs are generated by splicing from within CH4 to a new exon structure (designated CH5) that is located between CH4 and the membrane exons. Since the three new mRNAs using CH5 share the same stop codon in CH5, they all encode the same novel protein, which is 10 amino acids shorter than the classic secreted epsilon heavy chain. The new alternatively spliced epsilon mRNAs reported here, in addition to the previously reported forms encoding membrane and larger secreted IgE, appear to reflect the normal splicing pattern in humans, as we have detected all these epsilon RNAs in all the human IgE-secreting cells and cell lines tested.
Discordance of peripheral artery disease diagnosis using exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurement and post-exercise ankle-brachial index (2020)

In patients with exertional limb symptoms and normal ankle-brachial index (ABI) at rest, exercise testing can be used to diagnose lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). Post-exercise ABI decrease or Exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurement (Exercise-TcPO2) can be used to diagnose LEAD. Objectives were (i) to assess the agreement between both methods (ii) to define the variables associated with the discordance, and (iii) to present results of healthy subjects. In this prospective cross-sectional study, patients with exertional limb symptoms and normal rest ABI were consecutively included. ABI was measured at rest and after standardized exercise protocol as well as Exercise-TcPO2. A kappa coefficient with a 95% confidence interval was used to assess the agreement between the two methods. Logistic regression analysis was performed to outline variables potentially responsible for discordance. Ninety-six patients were included. The agreement between the tests was weak with a k value of 0.23 [0.04-0.41]. Logistic regression analysis found that a medical history of lower extremity arterial stenting (odds ratio 5.85[1.68-20.44]) and age (odds ratio 1.06[1.01-1.11]) were the main cause of discordance. This study suggests that post-exercise ABI and Exercise-TcPO2 cannot be used interchangeably for the diagnosis of LEAD in patients with exertional symptoms and normal rest ABI.
Effect of Doping Level and Morphology on the Transport Properties of Poly(4,4′-Dipentoxy-2,2′-Bithiophene) (1999)

The transport properties of the title conducting polymer (polyET2), synthesized using two different supporting electrolytes, have been studied over a wide range of electrochemical doping levels. The Hall mobility of the material is found to be sensitive to both the carrier concentration and the molecular order, decreasing as a function of the free carrier concentration, and becoming greater with increasing molecular order. The mobilities achieved with this method are the highest so far known for this kind of material. A conduction model based on overlapping cation states is proposed.
A Parametric Simulation Study for Solvent-Coinjection Process in Bitumen Deposits (2012)

Summary In-situ extraction of ultraviscous deposits from the vast bitumen resources in western Alberta, Canada, requires significant water and energy usage, which consequently leads to greenhouse-gas emissions. Currently proven steam-based recovery schemes include cyclic-steam-stimulation (CSS), steamflooding, and steam-assisted gravity-drainage (SAGD) processes, which are accompanied by many economic and environmental challenges. Coinjection of solvent with steam is a technology that has the potential to improve the efficiency of steam processes as well as reduce energy usage and carbon dioxide emissions. In recent years, researchers and industry professionals have attempted to develop the process further by conducting fundamental research as well as field pilot trials, with varying degrees of success. However, the current level of understanding of the process and the knowledge surrounding the fundamental physics and mechanisms involved are not entirely satisfactory. In this paper, a parametric simulation study was performed to address the key aspects of the solvent-coinjection (SCI) process that contribute to further understanding and development of the process. Simulation observations were verified with experimental evidence where available to support the results and conclusions. Effects of several operational and geological parameters were evaluated on the performance of the SCI process, and the relative performance benefits were assessed over normal SAGD operations. These parameters included solvent type, solvent concentration, initial-solution gas/oil ratio (GOR), relative permeability curves, and pay thickness. The results revealed that the optimal solvent should not be chosen only on the basis of mobility-improvement capability, but also under consideration of other operational, phase- and flow-behavioral and/or geological conditions that are set or present. Higher concentrations of solvents showed more energy-saving upsides than rate-acceleration benefits. It was also observed that the reservoir steam-intake rate is still likely to be the prime performance indicator of the SCI process. In addition, SCI showed that the potential exists for accessing more resources, particularly below the producer level. Furthermore, steam trap control on the producer seems to be problematic when used for SCI simulation. With the current well-control capacity of simulators, a higher degree of subcool is likely to be needed to avoid live vapor-phase production from the producer.