gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B virus markers, alpha‐fetoprotein and survival in fulminant viral hepatitis (1981)

The serological markers of hepatitis B virus and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels have been studied in 28 consecutive cases of fulminant hepatitis, correlating the data with survival. On admission, 20 patients were found to be positive for HBsAg and eight for anti-HBs. All anti-HBs-positive cases showed high titers of anti-HBc, and six patients were positive for specific anti-HBc-IgM. DNA polymerase activity was detected in serum of 11 HBsAg-positive (55%) and four anti-HBs-positive (50%) patients. HBeAg was detected in six (21.4%) subjects (five HBsAg-positive and one anti-HBs-positive), whereas anti-HBe was present in nine (32.1%) subjects (six HBsAg-positive and three anti-HBs-positive). AFP levels greater than 60 ng/ml were found in sera of 14 patients (50%). No significant difference was evidenced in the survival rate between HBsAg-positive and anti-HBs-positive and between HBeAg-positive and HBe Ag-negative patients. However, a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.05) in the survival rate was found in patients positive and negative for DNA polymerase activity and in those with AFP levels higher and lower than 60 ng/ml (P less than 0.005). Pathogenetic and prognostic significance of these findings are discussed.
Fast Preparation Procedure for Large, Flat Cellulose and Cellulose/Inorganic Nanopaper Structures (2010)

Nanostructured materials are difficult to prepare rapidly and as large structures. The present study is thus significant because a rapid preparation procedure for large, flat, smooth, and optically transparent cellulose nanopaper structures is developed using a semiautomatic sheet former. Cellulose/inorganic hybrid nanopaper is also produced. The preparation procedure is compared with other approaches, and the nanopaper structures are tested in uniaxial tensile tests. Optical transparency and high tensile strength are demonstrated in 200 mm diameter nanopaper sheets, indicating well-dispersed nanofibrils. The preparation time is 1 h for a typical nanopaper thickness of 60 μm. In addition, the application of the nanopaper-making strategy to cellulose/inorganic hybrids demonstrates the potential for "green" processing of new types of nanostructured functional materials.
Development of a Contactless Hall Effect Torque Sensor for Electric Power Steering (2006)

In this paper, we will present an innovative torque sensor design which could be preferably used in Electric Power Assisted Steering (EPAS) application. This torque sensor is a non-contact Hall effect design. The specificity of this structure is its ability to measure the shift angle between two rotating shafts linked by a torsion bar. This measurement is done with stationary electronic components. This unique structure generates enough magnetic flux variation to measure angular shifts from +/-1° to +/-8° with low-cost standard Hall ASICs available from various suppliers. This torque sensor has convinced automotive industry due to its good performances, its compact dimension and a price compatible with the market expectation for this application. This paper will explain the basic magnetic principle of this torque sensor, the improvements which have lead to a structure compatible with automotive industry requirements, some measurement results and possible sensor integration in the application.
Luminescent Saccharide Biosensor by Using Lanthanide‐Bound Lectin Labeled with Fluorescein (2005)

A new luminescent biosensor for complicated glycoconjugates was engineered on the basis of a lanthanide-complexed sugar-binding protein (lectin) modified with a fluorophore. By using luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET), ratiometric luminescent sensing can be carried out and successfully applied to a luminescent assay for an enzymatic trimming of a glycoprotein (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2005/z500072_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Selenium Dioxide: A Selective Oxidising Agent for the Functionalisation of Quinolines (2000)

A simple method is described for the preparation of 1,3-dihydrofuro[4,3-b]quinolin-3-ol starting from aniline and methyl acetoacetate using selenium dioxide.
MEMS design with separated electrodes for actuation and RF commutation (2009)

International audience
Automatic Landing Control of UAV Based on Optical Guidance (2012)

In this paper, the problem of landing for a UAV on the runway is discussed and a control method based on optical guidance is proposed. This method uses optical guidance to generate the guidance signal and then control the landing of the UAV along an ideal trajectory. In this paper, the design method of ideal trajectory and corresponding landing control method, which based on the small disturbance linearization model, are presented. The simulation results demonstrate that the control performance can satisfy the requirements of automatic landing of UAV and have the exact output tracking ability.
An atmospheric pressure ion lens that improves nebulizer assisted electrospray ion sources (2002)

An atmospheric pressure ion lens improves the performance and ease of use of a nebulizer assisted electrospray (ion spray) ion source. The lens is comprised of an oblong-shaped stainless steel ring attached to an external high voltage power supply. The lens is located near the tip of the conductive sprayer, and is maintained at a potential less than that of the sprayer. The ion lens improves the shape of the equipotential lines in the vicinity of the sprayer tip. This lens gives approximately a 2-fold reduction in the signal RSD, a 2-fold increase in the ion signal, an increase in the number of multiply charged ions, and a much broader range of usable sprayer positions.
Supplementary Figures S3 and S4 from Key Survival Factor, Mcl-1, Correlates with Sensitivity to Combined Bcl-2/Bcl-xL Blockade (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S3. Representative images of cells grown in 3D Matrigel for 14D and treated with ABT-263 (1.0 uM). S4. Whole cell lysates from cells treated with ABT-263 (1.0uM) for 0=24 hours.&lt;/p&gt;
Possible role for blood‐brain barrier disruption in patients with Alzheimer’s disease spectrum and non‐Alzheimer’s disease pathological changes (2022)

Abstract Background The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) breakdown has been suggested as an early marker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD); yet the relationship between BBB breakdown and AD‐specific biomarkers based on the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (ATN) framework, is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BBB permeability, AD‐specific biomarkers, and cognition in patients with cognitive decline. Method In this prospective observational study, we enrolled 62 participants with mild cognitive impairment or dementia between January 2019 and October 2020. All participants were assessed cognitive tests, amyloid PET, dynamic contrast enhanced MRI for BBB permeability (Ktrans), CSF studies for Aβ42/40 ratio, CSF phosphorylated tau Thr181 protein (p‐tau), CSF total tau protein (t‐tau), and structural MRI for neurodegeneration. Result Compared with the Aβ‐G, the Aβ+G had a higher median Ktrans in the frontal cortices (P = 0.049). In Aβ‐G, Ktrans was positively correlated with CSF p‐tau level in the cerebral cortex (all p &lt; 0.05 except for the occipital cortex). In Aβ+G, Ktrans of occipital cortices was related with CSF Aβ42/40 (rho = 0.403, p = 0.027), and CSF t‐tau level (rho = ‐0.404, p = 0.027), whereas, Ktrans of frontal (rho = ‐0.610, p&lt;0.001), insular (r = ‐0.400, p = 0.028), parietal (rho = ‐0.446, p = 0.013) and temporal cortices (rho = ‐ 0.435, p = 0.016) was negatively related with hippocampal volume. When adjusting age and education, neither BBB permeability nor CSF biomarkers predict cognition. Conclusion Our results suggest that the relationship between BBB permeability and ATN biomarkers is evident, more interestingly, this relationship varies with the presence of Aβ plaque accumulation.
Use of monoclonal antihapten antibodies for immunolocalisation of tissue antigens (1981)

The applicability of a hapten-antihapten sandwich technique incorporating a monoclonal antihapten bridge antibody to localisation of tissue antigen is described. The results show that the method is both versatile and selective and has the potential of being even more sensitive than currently used immunoperoxidase methods.
Contextual Location in the Home Using Bluetooth Beacons (2018)

Location sensing is a key enabling technology for Ubicomp to support contextual interaction. However, the laboratories where calibrated testing of location technologies is done are very different to the domestic situations where “context” is a problematic social construct. This study reports measurements of Bluetooth beacons, informed by laboratory studies, but done in diverse domestic settings. The design of these surveys has been motivated by the natural environment implied in the Bluetooth beacon standards relating the technical environment of the beacon to the function of spaces within the home. This research method can be considered as a situated, “ethnographic” technical response to the study of physical infrastructure that arises through social processes. The results offer insights for the future design of “seamful” approaches to indoor location sensing, and to the ways that context might be constructed and interpreted in a seamful manner.
Low-Power Design of Digital LDO With Nonlinear Symmetric Frequency Generation (2022)

This brief proposes a digital LDO (Low DropOut regulator) with a built-in non-linear VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) to achieve both the fast transient response and low power operation. This on-chip VCO generates a clock signal whose frequency is a non-linear symmetric function of the output voltage error. Here, we propose a design technique to realize the symmetric frequency generation with low power consumption. We demonstrate a design example of LDO using our proposed technique in a commercial 65 nm low-power CMOS process. We evaluate the LDO using transistor-level simulation using HSPICE. It achieves 0.03- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11 ~\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of quiescent current with an input voltage range of 0.6-1.2 V and an average current efficiency of 99.68% across <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$50\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> load range.
Temperature Simulation of Pb-Free Sn-9Zn Elements for a Low Voltage Fuse (2006)

The distribution of the temperature was estimated by combination of electrical and thermal calculations on the basis of Ohm’s and Fourier’s laws in the fuse element-connector-electric wire system in order to design Pb-free Sn-9Zn fuse elements used in electric power line. The temperature distributions in fuses were obtained on the basis of the amount of Joule’s heat generation and heat transfer depending on the ratio of the length and diameter of fuse elements. Main requirements for AC-low voltage fuses were satisfied on the promising fuse element with the size designed on the basis of the heat generation and transfer calculations. The promising size was the diameter of 2.5 mm and length of 10 mm in the smaller diameter part of two step cylindrical fuse elements. In contrast, the electrical potential and temperature distributions can be also estimated by this calculation method, regardless of a kind and shape of the fuse elements, connectors and electric wires.
BAIMD: A Responsive Rate Control for TCP over Optical Burst Switched (OBS) Networks (2006)

Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) window adjustment mechanism has been embedded in TCP in order to regulate the transmission rate in modern communication networks. In recent years, the AIMD (1,0.5) traffic regulation mechanism along with possibly additional enhancements, such as false timeout detection and explicit notification, has been considered in the carriers with Optical Burst Switching (OBS) as the underlying transmission technology. This paper introduces a novel rate control mechanism based on Generalized AIMD (α,β), called Burst AIMD (BAIMD), for tuning the rate control parameters (α, β) at each sender. BAIMD is designed to improve throughput while maintaining friendliness with co-existing AIMD (1,0.5) flows, and is characterized in the following two folds: (1) no burst window is required in the TCP sender's level; (2) no explicit notifications are required. The above characteristics make the proposed scheme distinguished from all the past reported counterparts by minimizing the signalling efforts and control complexity. The simulation result shows that BAIMD can solidly outperform the past reported AIMD-based (1,0.5) rate control schemes under a wide range of traffic loads. We also suggest that BAIMD rate control mechanism may serve as a better choice than AIMD (1,0.5) in the bufferless OBS networks due to its dynamic and flexible (α,β) parameter pair.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Quality Control and the Unfolded Protein Response: Insights from Plants (2008)

Protein quality control (QC) within the endoplasmic reticulum and the related unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway of signal transduction are major regulators of the secretory pathway, which is involved in virtually any aspect of development and reproduction. The study of plant-specific processes such as pathogen response, seed development and the synthesis of seed storage proteins and of particular toxins is providing novel insights, with potential implications for the general recognition events and mechanisms of action of QC and UPR.
The Nutritive Value of Fusaria (1945)

It has been shown that Fusarium lini B. grown on an artificial stock culture medium when supplemented with thiamin provides adequate amounts of the B-complex vitamins for normal growth, reproduction and lactation in mice, and that it compares very favorably with brewer's yeast in its food value.
Coding for Constant-Data-Rate Systems-Part I. A New Error-Correcting Code (1954)

A study of coding to reduce the frequency of errors in communication systems which transmit data at a constant rate has been started. A new single-error-correcting code (the Wagner code) is described and analyzed. Its performance in a constant-data-rate system is evaluated and compared with Hamming's single-error-correcting code. The Wagner code is superior for many communication applications. Its successful implementation does not require too precise equipment.
Ion acceleration at different stages of a pulsed vacuum arc (2009)

Detailed measurements of ion energy distributions (IEDs) originating at different stages of a pulsed vacuum arc are studied. It is shown that for a variety of cathode materials (Al, Mg, Ti and Zr), the directed energies per charge unit of ion originating at the initial stage of the arc, i.e. in 25 µs after ignition, are close to each other and are, approximately, as much as Edir/Z ≈ 70 eV. A non-Maxwellian shape of these IEDs that is due to the presence of significant 'tails' of ions accelerated up to energies of a few hundred eletronvolts is found. In 100 µs after the arc ignition the directed energies relax to values that are close, principally, to values that have been measured earlier elsewhere. It is found that the 'anomalously' accelerated ions propagate within a narrow angle that is as much as, approximately, ±15° in relation to the plasma flux axis. These characteristics suggest that beyond the commonly adopted gas-dynamic mechanism of ion acceleration in cathode micro-jets, at the initial stage of a pulsed arc the mechanism of additional ion acceleration is presented, which is due, obviously, to a self-consistent electric field arising in front of the plasma macro-jet.
Single nanowire photovoltaics (2008)

This tutorial review focuses on recent work addressing the properties and potential of semiconductor nanowires as building blocks for photovoltaic devices based on investigations at the single nanowire level. Two central nanowire motifs involving p-i-n dopant modulation in axial and coaxial geometries serve as platforms for fundamental studies. Research illustrating the synthesis of these structural motifs will be reviewed first, followed by an examination of recent studies of single axial and coaxial p-i-n silicon nanowire solar cells. Finally, challenges and opportunities for improving efficiency enabled by controlled synthesis of more complex nanowire structures will be discussed, as will their potential applications as power sources for emerging nanoelectronic devices.
A sensitivity controllable target-oriented tomography algorithm (2012)

In this work, a novel tomography algorithm with quantitative sensitivity-control capability is developed to overcome seismic data coverage imbalance, to improve the quality of tomography results, and to realize automatic target-oriented tomography. Unlike conventional tomography algorithms (a single optimization procedure), this new tomography algorithm cascades two optimizations – a sensitivity optimization and a data optimization. In this algorithm, we first design a targeted sensitivity distribution profile. Then, the sensitivity optimization problem is solved to automatically derive a nearly optimal data weighting scheme for sensitivity control. After that, this nearly optimal data weighting scheme is applied to the original tomographic-inversion problem to convert it into a sensitivity controlled tomographic-inversion problem (data optimization). Finally, by solving this sensitivity controlled tomographic-inversion problem, we can effectively circumvent the sensitivity imbalance issue that is very common in geophysical tomography applications. Furthermore, with this inversion-based sensitivity control technique, one is able to automatically implement the tomographic inversion in a target-oriented sense without introducing extra artificial discontinuities and inversion nonlinearity. Numerical examples validate this method and show its advantages over conventional tomography algorithms.
Generalization problem in ASR acoustic model training and adaptation (2009)

Since speech is highly variable, even if we have a fairly large-scale database, we cannot avoid the data sparseness problem in constructing automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. How to train and adapt statistical models using limited amounts of data is one of the most important research issues in ASR. This paper summarizes major techniques that have been proposed to solve the generalization problem in acoustic model training and adaptation, that is, how to achieve high recognition accuracy for new utterances. One of the common approaches is controlling the degree of freedom in model training and adaptation. The techniques can be classified by whether a priori knowledge of speech obtained by a speech database such as those spoken by many speakers is used or not. Another approach is maximizing ¿margins¿ between training samples and the decision boundaries. Many of these techniques have also been combined and extended to further improve performance. Although many useful techniques have been developed, we still do not have a golden standard that can be applied to any kind of speech variation and any condition of the speech data available for training and adaptation.
3D Printing and Electrospinning of Composite Hydrogels for Cartilage and Bone Tissue Engineering (2018)

Injuries of bone and cartilage constitute important health issues costing the National Health Service billions of pounds annually, in the UK only. Moreover, these damages can become cause of disability and loss of function for the patients with associated social costs and diminished quality of life. The biomechanical properties of these two tissues are massively different from each other and they are not uniform within the same tissue due to the specific anatomic location and function. In this perspective, tissue engineering (TE) has emerged as a promising approach to address the complexities associated with bone and cartilage regeneration. Tissue engineering aims at developing temporary three-dimensional multicomponent constructs to promote the natural healing process. Biomaterials, such as hydrogels, are currently extensively studied for their ability to reproduce both the ideal 3D extracellular environment for tissue growth and to have adequate mechanical properties for load bearing. This review will focus on the use of two manufacturing techniques, namely electrospinning and 3D printing, that present promise in the fabrication of complex composite gels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering applications.
Transcriptomic Analysis to Unravel Potential Pathways and Genes Involved in Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) Resistance to Pestalotiopsis microspora (2022)

Fruit black spot (FBS), a fungal disease of pecan (Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch) caused by the pathogen Pestalotiopsis microspora, is a serious disease and poses a critical threat to pecan yield and quality. However, the details of pecan responses to FBS infection at the transcriptional level remain to be elucidated. In present study, we used RNA-Seq to analyze differential gene expression in three pecan cultivars with varied resistance to FBS infection: Xinxuan-4 (X4), Mahan (M), and Wichita (W), which were categorized as having low, mild, and high susceptibility to FBS, respectively. Nine RNA-Seq libraries were constructed, comprising a total of 58.56 Gb of high-quality bases, and 2420, 4380, and 8754 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with |log2Fold change| ≥ 1 and p-value < 0.05 were identified between M vs. X4, W vs. M, and W vs. X4, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway analyses were performed to further annotate DEGs that were part of specific pathways, which revealed that out of 134 total pathways, MAPK signaling pathway, plant−pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction were highly enriched. Transcriptomic profiling analysis revealed that 1681 pathogen-related genes (PRGs), including 24 genes encoding WRKY transcription factors, potentially participate in the process of defense against Pestalotiopsis microspora infection in pecan. The correlation of WRKY TFs and PRGs was also performed to reveal the potential interaction networks among disease-resistance/pathogenesis-related genes and WRKY TFs. Expression profiling of nine genes annotated as TIFY, WRKY TF, and disease-resistance protein-related genes was performed using qRT-PCR, and the results were correlated with RNA-Seq data. This study provides valuable information on the molecular basis of pecan−Pestalotiopsis microspora interaction mechanisms and offers a repertoire of candidate genes related to pecan fruit response to FBS infection.
Liver adenomatosis and NAFLD developed in the context of hereditary fructose intolerance (2020)

None.