gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UV-B susceptibility and photoprotection of Arctic Daphnia morphotypes (1999)

UV-B tolerance and susceptibility of high Arctic morphotypes of the Daphnia pulexl D. tenebrosa complex were assessed by in situ experiments at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (79°N). Animals from local ponds were exposed to ambient light plus additional UV-B from lamps in a greenhouse facility. Taxonomic affinities did not appear as major determinants of UV susceptibility, but a major difference in UV-B tolerance was seen between morphotypes with pigmented carapaces and those without, the latter being far more susceptible. Assays on levels of carotene and the anti-oxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase did not reveal clear-cut differences between populations, and could not account for the higher tolerance in pigmented populations. Levels of glutathione transferase were higher in the transparent population, however. In the absence of blue light and UV, laboratory reared animals did not reconstitute their carapace melanization after moulting, indicating that short-wave light is the cue for melanin synthesis. Tests on melanized individuals and individuals of the same population reared indoors through 1-2 moults supported the major role of melanin for UV protection. Periods with high UV exposure during hatching of ephippia could induce shifts in morphotype or clonal dominance.
A Chamber Study of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) Formed by Ozonolysis of d-Limonene in the Presence of NO (2016)

Experiments were conducted in a dynamic chamber system to measure the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and particle-bound reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced from limonene ozonolysis in the presence of NO by varying the ratio of O3 to NO. A diffusion cell system was used to produce the constant input of limonene in to the chamber, and six sets of experiments were conducted. The concentration of SOA mass and ROS produced were measured at steady-state. ROS, including peroxides, peroxy radicals and ions, was determined using dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) and converted to equivalent H2O2 concentration. The particle mass was measured using a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was used to obtain particle volume distributions. The results showed that the SOA mass concentration ranged from 30.3 to 157.3 µg m–3, and the ROS concentration ranged from 6.1 to 29.4 nmol m–3 of H2O2. For the different combinations of NOx and O3, the concentration ratio of [O3]/[NO] around 1 was found to produce highest SOA mass and ROS, which is 157.3 µg m–3 and 29.4 nmol m–3. The SOA density was estimated by comparing the mass concentrations with the volume concentrations ranged from 1.21 to 1.48 g cm–3. The highest SOA density (1.48 g cm–3) occurred with the lowest concentration ratio of [O3]/[NO]. Compared with other monoterpene and linalool where each has one unsaturated carbon bond in other studies, limonene which has two unsaturated carbon bonds. Thus, it is the most efficient in generating the SOA and ROS concentrations in prior experiments without NO present.
Correction of the wind field measured by the NCAR Electra during FASINEX for inertial navigation system drifts (1987)

This report describes a technique for removal of inertial navigation system drifts from winds measured by the NCAR Electra during the Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX) in 1986. Without correction, horizontal wind divergences calculated from these data may contain errors as large as 10 s resulting from the Schuler oscillation. After correction, the divergence error is reduced by at least an order of magnitude. Correction coefficients and a subroutine to use them were provided for the five of six FASINEX flights for which correction was possible.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Accessory Cells of the Microenvironment Protect Multiple Myeloma from T-Cell Cytotoxicity through Cell Adhesion-Mediated Immune Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2 - PDF file 50K, Accessory cells protect MM cells from WT-1 specific CTLs. U266 cells were co-cultured with WT-1 specific T cells in presence and absence of different accessory cells. MM cell viability was determined 24h after addition of T cells by CS-BLI (A). Granzyme B production in the supernatant was determined by ELISA (B). Significance of inhibition of MM cell survival in the presence of accessory cells was tested by unpaired two tailed student's t test. *= p&lt;0.05; **= p&lt;0.01&lt;/p&gt;
A Dynamic Folded Hairpin Conformation Is Associated with α-Globin Activation in Erythroid Cells (2020)

We investigate the three-dimensional (3D) conformations of the α-globin locus at the single-allele level in murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and erythroid cells, combining polymer physics models and high-resolution Capture-C data. Model predictions are validated against independent fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) data measuring pairwise distances, and Tri-C data identifying three-way contacts. The architecture is rearranged during the transition from ESCs to erythroid cells, associated with the activation of the globin genes. We find that in ESCs, the spatial organization conforms to a highly intermingled 3D structure involving non-specific contacts, whereas in erythroid cells the α-globin genes and their enhancers form a self-contained domain, arranged in a folded hairpin conformation, separated from intermingling flanking regions by a thermodynamic mechanism of micro-phase separation. The flanking regions are rich in convergent CTCF sites, which only marginally participate in the erythroid-specific gene-enhancer contacts, suggesting that beyond the interaction of CTCF sites, multiple molecular mechanisms cooperate to form an interacting domain.
An outbreak of gangrenous dermatitis in commercial broiler chickens (2010)

The present report describes an outbreak of gangrenous dermatitis (GD) infection in a commercial poultry farm in Delaware involving 34-day-old broiler chickens. In addition to obvious clinical signs, some GD-affected broilers also showed severe fibrino-necrotic enteritis and large numbers of Gram-positive rods in the necrotic tissue. Histopathological findings included haemorrhage, degeneration and necrosis of parenchymatous cells, especially of skin, muscle, and intestine. Immunofluorescence staining revealed Clostridium-like bacilli in the skin and the intestine. Both Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum genomic sequences were identified by polymerase chain reaction in bacterial cultures isolated from the skin, muscle, and intestine, and in the frozen tissues from the GD-affected birds. Serological analysis demonstrated that both affected and clinically healthy birds from the same house had high serum antibody titres against C. perfringens, C. septicum, Eimeria, chick anaemia virus, and infectious bursal disease virus. These results are discussed in the context of the relationship between the different Clostridium spp. and the pathogenesis of GD.
A Z-scheme system constructed from WO3 modified TiO2 doped with Cr and Sb for visible light-driven overall water splitting (2021)

An artificial Z-scheme system using powder photocatalysts and a reversible redox mediator for the overall water splitting has been attracting attention for producing renewable H2 using solar energy. For the efficient use of this system, the development of efficient photocatalysts utilizing longer wavelength light is essential. TiO2 doped with Cr and Sb (TiO2:Cr/Sb) is one of the visible-light-active photocatalysts which has a bandgap of ca. 2.2 eV and absorbs light up to near 600 nm. However, TiO2:Cr/Sb powder in the Fe3+/Fe2+ reversible redox mediator showed negligible activity under visible light irradiation (λ &amp;gt; 460 nm). In this work, it was found that the photocatalytic performance for O2 evolution over TiO2:Cr/Sb modified with WO3 (WO3-TiO2:Cr/Sb) using the Fe3+/Fe2+ mediator was more than 15 times higher than that without modification. The apparent quantum efficiency of WO3-TiO2:Cr/Sb was estimated to be ca. 0.8% at 510 nm. The overall water splitting activity of Z-scheme water splitting (H2/O2 = 2), in combination with Ru/SrTiO3:Rh, was 9 times improved by the WO3 modification compared to that without modification. From the results of photoelectrochemical measurements, it was surmised that the loaded WO3 on the surface of TiO2:Cr/Sb may promote both reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ and oxidation of H2O to O2.
Terahertz microcavity lasers with subwavelength mode volumes and thresholds in the milliampere range (2007)

The authors demonstrate terahertz microcavity lasers with ultralow current thresholds (Ith≈4mA) and with reduced mode volumes of ≈0.7(λeffective)3, i.e., less than one cubic wavelength. A double metal waveguide with reduced active core thickness (5.82μm) is used to achieve confinement in the vertical direction, without compromising the laser performances. Confinement in the longitudinal direction is obtained using microdisk resonators. The guiding properties of surface plasmons are exploited to guide the mode with the metal contact. This makes the use of a resonator with vertical and smooth sidewalls unnecessary. The emission wavelength is λ≈114μm. The devices lase up to 70K in pulsed mode, and they achieve continuous-wave operation up to 60K.
Defects in synthesis, phosphorylation, and maturation of acid alpha-glucosidase in glycogenosis type II. (1985)

Glycogenosis type II is an inherited lysosomal storage disease with acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency as the primary defect. Using cultured skin fibroblasts, we have studied the biosynthesis of acid alpha-glucosidase in clinically different forms of this disease. Three unrelated patients were identified (one with an infantile, one with a juvenile, and one with an adult form of the disease) producing normal quantities of the 110-kDa precursor form of acid alpha-glucosidase. However, post-translational modification to mature 76-kDa enzyme protein was either completely deficient or extremely inefficient. No abnormalities were observed in glycosylation of the mutant precursors, as measured by the incorporation of [3H]mannose, but phosphorylation was only detectable for the precursor synthesized by fibroblasts from the juvenile patient. In three other patients (one with a juvenile and two with adult forms of glycogenosis type II) apparently reduced synthesis of precursor protein was observed, but the processing to mature enzyme seemed to be undisturbed. Finally, neither precursor nor mature forms of acid alpha-glucosidase were detectable in one particular case of infantile glycogenosis type II. The studies reveal an unexpected degree of genetic heterogeneity in this disease and identify various mutants which could be of importance to further elucidate the biosynthetic events during lysosomal enzyme formation.
The role of Co valence in charge transport in the entropy‐stabilized oxide (Mg 0.2 Co 0.2 Ni 0.2 Cu 0.2 Zn 0.2 )O (2022)

Abstract Many of the studies on the entropy‐stabilized oxide (Mg 0.2 Co 0.2 Ni 0.2 Cu 0.2 Zn 0.2 )O have been heavily application‐based. Previous works have studied effects of cation stoichiometry on the entropy‐driven reaction to form a single phase, but a fundamental exploration of the effects of anion stoichiometry and/or redox chemistry on electrical properties is lacking. Using near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and electrical measurements, we show that oxidizing thin film samples of (Mg 0.2 Co 0.2 Ni 0.2 Cu 0.2 Zn 0.2 )O affects primarily the valence of Co, leaving the other cations in this high‐entropy system unchanged. This oxidation increases electrical conduction in these thin films, which occurs via small polaron hopping mediated by the Co valence shift from 2+ to a mixed 2+/3+ state. In parallel, we show that bulk samples sintered in an oxygen‐rich atmosphere have a lower activation energy for electrical conduction than those equilibrated in a nitrogen (reducing) atmosphere. Combining feasible defect compensation scenarios with electrical impedance measurements and NEXAFS data, we propose a self‐consistent interpretation of Co redox‐mediated small polaron conduction as the dominant method of charge transfer in this system.
Using human hair follicle‐derived keratinocytes and melanocytes for constructing pigmented tissue‐engineered skin (2011)

This study demonstrated the possibility of constructing pigmented tissue-engineered skin with human hair follicle-derived keratinocytes and melanocytes, which brings a promising method to make up for the deficiency of traditional tissue-engineered skin and provides an alternative treatment for depigmentation diseases.
Adsorption properties of the phosgene molecule on pristine graphyne, BN- and Si-doped graphynes: DFT study (2017)

This work explores the influence of adatoms such as boron (B), nitrogen (N), and silicon (Si) on the activity of graphyne toward phosgene adsorption by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The adsorbent systems include virgin and doped graphyne, in which each adatom (B, N, and Si) is substituted for the carbon atom in the aromatic core. The adsorption energy, energy gap, molecular electrostatic potential, density of state, and work function are estimated to predict the adsorption behavior of phosgene over graphyne. The obtained results demonstrate the progressive change in the phosgene adsorption and exhibit a notable increase in negative values for adsorption energy by doping heteroatom in the molecular structure of adsorbent. The electronic perturbations induced by doped atoms, especially Si, enhance the sensitivity of graphyne toward the adsorbed phosgene, and the electronic properties are changed after phosgene adsorption in all complexes. A sensible justification for this observation can be provided by the energy gap analysis. Over the range of our study, B, N and Si-doped clusters can be introduced as promising chemical sensors for phosgene monitoring. Keywords: Phosgene, Graphyne, DFT, The density of state, Adsorption
Projections of Heat Waves Events in the Intra-Americas Region Using Multimodel Ensemble (2018)

Significant accelerated warming of the Sea Surface Temperature of 0.15°C per decade (1982–2012) was recently detected, which motivated the research for the present consequences and future projections on the heat index and heat waves in the intra-Americas region. Present records every six hours are retrieved from NCEP reanalysis (1948–2015) to calculate heat waves changes. Heat index intensification has been detected in the region since 1998 and driven by surface pressure changes, sinking air enhancement, and warm/weaker cold advection. This regional warmer atmosphere leads to heat waves intensification with changes in both frequency and maximum amplitude distribution. Future projections using a multimodel ensemble mean for five global circulation models were used to project heat waves in the future under two scenarios: RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Massive heat waves events were projected at the end of the 21st century, particularly in the RCP8.5 scenario. Consequently, the regional climate change in the current time and in the future will require special attention to mitigate the more intense and frequent heat waves impacts on human health, countries’ economies, and energy demands in the IAR.
Time-Domain Terahertz Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Studies of Nitro/Nitrogen-Rich Aryl-Tetrazole Derivatives (2020)

The paper reports the time-domain THz spectroscopy studies of noncentrosymmetric energetic nitro/nitrogen-rich aryl-tetrazole high-energy molecules. The fingerprint spectra in the THz domain reveal the role of different functional groups attached to position "1" of the tetrazole moiety, which controls the energetic properties. These responses are deliberated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The synthesized aryl-tetrazoles exhibit high positive heat of formation (369-744 kJ/mol), high detonation velocities, and pressures (<i>D</i> <sub>v</sub>: 7734-8298 m·s<sup>-1</sup>; <i>D</i> <sub>p</sub>: 24-28 GPa) in comparison to the noncentrosymmetric 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). These compounds exhibit variation in the refractive indices and absorption between 0.1 and 2.2 THz range. The DFT studies at the molecular and single-crystal level (using plane wave pseudo potential method) endorse in detecting these bands (with ∼1% deviation). The calculated vibrational frequencies and linear optical properties are found to have good agreement with the experimental data in UV-visible and THz regions.
GPS Satellite Clock Event on SVN Impact on Augmented Navigation (1998)

Recent analysis of GPS data collected by the FAA’s National Satellite Test Bed (NSTB) indicates that a clock event occurred 10 March 1998 on SVN 27, a block 11A satellite carrying a cesium standard. The NST13 reference network maintains receivers from three different manufactures. All receivers viewing SVN 27 observed this clock event which induced coherent L1 carrier and C/A code range rates of 141 m/s and range accelerations of at least |2.5| m/s^2 over a period of up to 6 seconds. .Note that Selective Availability- has a velocity specification Not To Exceed (NTE) 2 m/s.

The NSTB receivers (all dual-frequency) also tracked L2 carrier phase fluctuations that were exactly the same as the L1 anomaly. Further, the Doppler measurements on both the L1 and L2 signals followed the clock event, Consequently, the pseudorange error seen by a dynamic platform may not be autonomously detectable without external information from a static reference station.

An augmentation system such as WAAS or LAAS with appropriate monitoring algorithms is capable of detecting the erroneous signals. By taking the appropriate precautions, the aircraft can be warned using the augmentation system’s integrity channel. More importantly, the faulty signals must be isolated before allowing them to leak into the correction estimates, ephemeris or ionosphere models for WAAS or pseudorange corrections for LAAS. We present a monitoring algorithm implemented at Stanford for use in GPS augmentation systems which detects and isolates this type of anomaly to both protect integrity and minimize the impact on continuity of service.
A Study on Generation of 3D Model and Mesh Image of Excavation Work Using UAV (2015)

A Study on Generation of 3D Model and Mesh Image of Excavation Work Using UAV Donghyun Kim, Soonwook Kwon, Suwan Jung, Sooyeal Park, Jaewoo Park, Jongwon Seo Pages 1-7 (2015 Proceedings of the 32nd ISARC, Oulu, Finland, ISBN 978-951-758-597-2, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: Recently, advanced and semi-automated equipment is used for earthwork project. For automated and intelligent earthwork management, surveying method needs to be improved and updated to acquire and store on-site information. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) was considered as an important technology and using UAVs in various areas are prominent area in recent times. Unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAVs), aerial movable image sensing platform, have become the area that has been becoming notable in all industries. Miniature UAVs can measure the imagery taken form aerial and detect environment data. This study aims to determine the optimal algorithm based on meshed surface from arbitrary imagery acquired by UAVs and generate 3D model for analyzing and getting earthwork on site. The research methodology for the proposed article focuses on: 1. Research *Comparison and analysis on related research developments on UAVs technologies *Set a target performance (criteria performance) of this research *The selection and verification of optimal aerial movable image sensing platform 2.Development of optimal algorithm and derivation of object extraction process *Obtaining information of on-site imagery and establishing the process of defining the surface mesh *Development of technology of collecting object information 3.Verification *Indoor Testing - Pilot test, the Verification for reliability and performance *Outdoor Testing -- the establishment of field test plan (earthwork project), the Verification for reliability and performanceIn this study, we proposed the optimal algorithm applied to image processing and the process for extracting object information based on imagery information acquired by UAVs for earthwork. These can generate soil surface information more accurately and help project manager get the information of real-time field more easily and will be considered as an increasingly new technology and expected to bring a tremendous ripple effect focused on availability. Keywords: Miniature Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Optimal algorithm, Generating 3D model, Earthwork DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2015/0053 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
Three-dimensional FDTD analysis of a pulsed microwave confocal system for breast cancer detection: design of an antenna-array element (1999)

We are investigating a new ultrawide-band (UWB) microwave radar technology to detect and image early-stage malignant breast tumors that are often invisible to X rays. We present the methodology and initial results of three-dimensional (3-D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The discussion concentrates on the design of a single resistively loaded bowtie antenna element of a proposed confocal sensor array. We present the reflection, radiation, and scattering properties of the electromagnetic pulse radiated by the antenna element within a homogeneous, layered half-space model of the human breast and the polarization and frequency-response characteristics of generic tumor shapes. We conclude that the dynamic range of a sensor array comprised of such elements in conjunction with existing microwave equipment is adequate to detect small cancerous tumors usually missed by X-ray mammography.
397. Walden inversion reactions of the p-toluenesulphinic and the p-toluenesulphonic esters of ethyl d-β-hydroxy-β-phenylpropionate (1935)

J. Kenyon, H. Phillips and G. R. Shutt, J. Chem. Soc., 1935, 1663 DOI: 10.1039/JR9350001663
Fast Prediction and Evaluation of Gravitational Waveforms Using Surrogate Models (2014)

Many important studies in gravitational-wave science require the repeated evaluation of computationally expensive models. A new approach to gravitational-wave-model evaluation can reduce computational times by orders of magnitude.