gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of carbon nanotubes for acoustic transduction applications (2016)

Traditional acoustic transduction sources typically begin with the generation of an electrical excitation pulsed through an amplifier into an electroacoustic material to create a mechanical vibration which is then converted into an acoustic wave to produce sound. The lower the preferred transmitting frequency (and hence, longer acoustic range) desired, the larger the required size of the source. Often this means that for acoustic projectors producing sound at frequencies below a few kHz, that the electroacoustic device will need to be very large in order to produce very long sound waves. This has a limitation for incorporating low frequency sonars on smaller autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The topic of our presentation is an acoustic source technology that relies on the conversion of thermal energy to acoustic energy. Though the concept was first demonstrated in 1917, the recent advent of carbon nanotubes (CNT) now makes it possible to transmit acoustic waves in small and affordable packages using the thermophone approach. The presentation begins with an overview of thermophones and a method for incorporating the CNTs into a useable transduction device. Discussions will include detailing on-going efforts for the encapsulation, packaging and further insight of the thermoacoustic energy conversion process. Recent 2016 experimental data will be shown. New start numerical and analytical modeling efforts and future development thrusts will be discussed.
Biomaterials and physical therapy (2013)

The Use of Chitosan-Based Scaffold to Enhance Regeneration in the Nervous System S. Gnavi, C.Barwig, T. Freier, K. Haarstert-Talini, C. Grothe and S. Geuna Interfaces with the Peripheral Nerve for the Control of Neuroprostheses Jaume del Valle and Xavier Navarro The Use of Shock Waves in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: New Perspectives? Thomas Hausner and Antal Nogradi Phototherapy and Nerve Injury: Focus on Muscle Response Shimon Rochkind, Stefano Geuna and Asher Shainberg Electrical Stimulation for Promoting Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Kirsten Haastert-Talini and Claudia Grothe Role of Physical Exercise for Improving Posttraumatic Nerve Regeneration Paulo A.S. Armada-da-Silva, Catia Pereira, Sandra Amado and Antonio Prieto Veloso The Role of Timing in Nerve Reconstruction Lars B. Dahlin Future Perspectives in Nerve Repair and Regeneration P. Tos, G. Ronchi, S. Geuna and B. Battiston
A physical method for measuring speech-transmission quality (1979)

A physical method for measuring the quality of speech‐transmission channels has been developed. Essentially, the method represents an extension of the Articulation Index (AI) concept, which was developed mainly to account for distortions in the frequency domain (noise, bandpass‐limiting). The underlying concept of the present approach, based on the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of a transmission channel, has been adapted to account for nonlinear distortions (peak clipping) as well as for distortions in the time domain (reverberation, echoes, AGC). The resulting index, the Speech‐Transmission Index (STI), has been correlated with subjective intelligibility scores obtained on 167 different transmission channels with a wide variety of disturbances. The relative predictive power of the STI, expressed in PB‐word score, appeared to be 5%. This accuracy is comparable with results obtained from subjective measurements when about four talkers and four listeners are used. Expressed in terms of signal‐to‐noise ratio, the accuracy is about 1 dB. Pilot studies have been carried out to evaluate the use of the STI for testing digital speech‐transmission channels.
Stabilizing Effects of Phosphorus-Doped Silicon Nanoparticle Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2023)

Phosphorus-doped silicon has been reported to exhibit improved cycling stability and/or higher capacity retention than pure silicon as the anode in lithium-ion batteries. However, crystallite size and particle morphology are difficult to decouple from compositional tuning during chemical modification. In this work, we explore direct solid-state routes to phosphorus doping of silicon powders relevant to electrochemical applications. A wide range of compositions are assessed, from 0.05 to 3.0 at % P, as well as a wide range of silicon starting materials of varying crystallinity, particle size, and particle morphology. Successful incorporation of phosphorus into the silicon lattice is best confirmed by X-ray diffraction; the Si(111) reflection shifts to higher angles as consistent with the known lattice contraction of 0.002 Å per 1 at % phosphorus. The addition of phosphorus to Si nanoparticles (100–500 nm) in the high doping regime causes grain coarsening and catalyzes an increase in crystallinity. On the other hand, dilute doping of phosphorus can be carried out without great alteration of the nanoparticulate morphology. The opposite effect occurs for very large microparticles (>10 μm), whereby the doping is concomitant with a disruption of the crystal lattice and reduction of the crystallite size. These effects are borne out in both the electrochemical stability over long-term cycling in a lithium-ion half-cell as well as in the thermal stability under high-temperature decomposition. By comparison across a wide range of pure and P-doped materials of varying particle and crystallite sizes, the independent effects of doping and structure on thermal and electrochemical stability are able to be decoupled herein. A stabilizing effect is most significant when phosphorus doping is dilute and heterogeneous (surface-enriched) within the silicon nanoparticles.
Exogenous SPARC Suppresses Proliferation and Migration of Prostate Cancer by Interacting With Integrin β1 (2013)

Reduced SPARC secretion from stromal cells might affect PCa progression mediating through limiting AKT phosphorylation after interaction with integrin β1.
Exploring the mobility of nanoscale polyoxometalates using gel electrophoresis (2011)

Polyoxometalate clusters encompass a vast library of molecular metal-oxo anions with a large range of mass, size, and charge and are generally formed under one-pot conditions, where many species may exist in solution at any given time. Herein we demonstrate that conventional gel electrophoresis can be used to separate metal oxide based nanomaterials from mixtures, and as a result identify cluster types as a function of their surface charge density. In particular we demonstrate that the nanoscale clusters, contrary to current understanding, have mobility that is a function of the surface charge density at high concentrations. This means that when considering the structural diversity of metal oxide nanomaterials, the variation of charge, size, shape or other structural properties causes a difference in mobility that can be used to both characterise and separate the nanoscale oxides in solution.
A Conserved Splicing Silencer Dynamically Regulates O-GlcNAc Transferase Intron Retention and O-GlcNAc Homeostasis (2017)

Modification of nucleocytoplasmic proteins with O-GlcNAc regulates a wide variety of cellular processes and has been linked to human diseases. The enzymes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) add and remove O-GlcNAc, but the mechanisms regulating their expression remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that retention of the fourth intron of OGT is regulated in response to O-GlcNAc levels. We further define a conserved intronic splicing silencer (ISS) that is necessary for OGT intron retention. Deletion of the ISS in colon cancer cells leads to increases in OGT, but O-GlcNAc homeostasis is maintained by concomitant increases in OGA protein. However, the ISS-deleted cells are hypersensitive to OGA inhibition in culture and in soft agar. Moreover, growth of xenograft tumors from ISS-deleted cells is compromised in mice treated with an OGA inhibitor. Thus, ISS-mediated regulation of OGT intron retention is a key component in OGT expression and maintaining O-GlcNAc homeostasis.
Investigation and management (2009)

Section 6: Investigation of stroke: Assessment of a patient with stroke: neurological examination and clinical rating scales. Imaging of brain parenchyma in stroke. Imaging intra- and extracranial vessels: computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography. The interactions between cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Ultrasound investigations of the intra- and extracranial vessels. Laboratory studies in the investigation of stroke. Imaging functional recovery from stroke. Practical and comprehensive approaches to evaluating stroke patients: today and tomorrow Section 7: Management and therapy: General principles of acute stroke management. Thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke. Acute stroke units and teams. Approaches to neuroprotective and reperfusion injury therapy. Endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Management of subarachnoid hemorrhage, unruptured cerebral aneurysms, and arteriovenous malformations. Methodology of acute trials in stroke. The future of stroke prevention by risk factor modification. Antithrombotic agents for stroke prevention. Carotid endarterectomy, stenting, and other prophylactic interventions. Stroke recovery and rehabilitation.
Botulinum Neurotoxin A4 Has a 1000-Fold Reduced Potency Due to Three Single Amino Acid Alterations in the Protein Receptor Binding Domain (2023)

Botulinum neurotoxin subtype A4 (BoNT/A4) is ~1000-fold less potent than BoNT/A1. This study addresses the basis for low BoNT/A4 potency. Utilizing BoNT/A1-A4 and BoNT/A4-A1 Light Chain-Heavy Chain (LC-HC) chimeras, HC-A4 was responsible for low BoNT/A4 potency. Earlier studies showed BoNT/A1-receptor binding domain (Hcc) bound a β-strand peptide (556-564) and glycan-N<sup>559</sup> within Luminal Domain 4 (LD4) of SV2C, the BoNT/A protein receptor. Relative to BoNT/A1, the Hcc of BoNT/A4 possesses two amino acid variants (D<sup>1141</sup> and N<sup>1142</sup>) within the β-peptide binding interface and one amino acid variant (R<sup>1292</sup>) located near the SV2C glycan-N<sup>559</sup>. Introduction of BoNT/A4 β-strand peptide variant (D<sup>1141</sup> and N<sup>1142</sup>) into BoNT/A1 reduced toxin potency 30-fold, and additional introduction of the BoNT/A4 glycan-N<sup>559</sup> variant (D<sup>1141</sup>, N<sup>1142</sup>, and R<sup>1292</sup>) further reduced toxin potency to approach BoNT/A4. While introduction of BoNT/A1 glycan-N<sup>559</sup> variant (G<sup>1292</sup>) into BoNT/A4 did not alter toxin potency, additional introduction of BoNT/A1 β-strand peptide variants (G<sup>1141</sup>, S<sup>1142</sup>, and G<sup>1292</sup>) resulted in potency approaching BoNT/A1 potency. Thus, outcomes from these functional and modeling studies indicate that in rodent models, disruption of Hcc -SV2C β-peptide and -glycan-N<sup>559</sup> interactions mediate low BoNT/A4 potency, while in human motor neurons, disruption of Hcc-SV2C β-peptide alone mediates low BoNT/A4 potency, which link to a species-specific variation at SV2C<sup>563</sup>.
ON THE OSCILLATORY BEHAVIOR OF LIQUID PROPELLANT ROCKETS (2008)

Despite many decades of intense study the combustion instability problem remains a major issue in liquid rocket design and development. Similar difficulties are frequently experienced in turbojet thrust augmenters and are anticipated in hypersonic propulsion systems, and especially in scramjets as their development cycle matures. The apparent lack of progress is largely the outcome of an incomplete understanding of the dynamics of the flow field in an injection-driven combustor. What is missing is a self-consistent theoretical framework capable of providing clear physical interpretations of the available experimental data. Of concern is the incomplete and often poorly understood set of energy gain/loss mechanisms used in formulating the unsteady behavior in the analytical models in current use. A fresh approach is described in this paper that provides nonlinear extensions to generalized models representing unsteady energy transport in compressible, rotational flows with viscosity, heat transfer, and distributed combustion heat release. A tightly integrated treatment of coupled acoustic, vortical, and entropic disturbances is employed. In addition to reliable linear stability prediction, the resulting algorithm can accurately represent: 1) time-evolution of the pressure oscillations; 2) wave system limit cycle amplitude; and 3) shifts in the mean field properties coupled to the oscillating flow. The calculations provide information regarding the sensitivity of these features to the geometry and physical parameters describing the engine and injector configuration. This is accomplished with no limitation on the Mach number of the compressible quasi-steady mean flow field. Predicted waveforms in high-amplitude limit cycle oscillations closely approximate those observed experimentally. These capabilities are demonstrated by comparison to measurements from actual systems that have exhibited high-amplitude pressure fluctuations; examples include the well-remembered Rocketdyne F-1 (Saturn V, first stage engine).
C-terminal variations in ?-thymosin family members specify functional differences in actin-binding properties (2000)

Mammalian cells express several isoforms of beta-thymosin, a major actin monomer sequestering factor, including thymosins beta4, beta10, and beta15. Differences in actin-binding properties of different beta-thymosin family members have not been investigated. We find that thymosin beta15 binds actin with a 2.4-fold higher affinity than does thymosin beta4. Mutational analysis was performed to determine the amino acid differences in thymosin beta15 that specify its increased actin-affinity. Previous work with thymosin beta4 identified an alpha-helical domain, as well as a conserved central motif, as crucial for actin binding. Mutational analysis confirms that these domains are also vital for actin binding in thymosin beta15, but that differences in these domains are not responsible for the variation in actin-binding properties between thymosins beta4 and beta15. Truncation of the unique C-terminal residues in thymosin beta15 inhibits actin binding, suggesting that this domain also has an important role in mediating actin-binding affinity. Replacement of the 10 C-terminal amino acids of thymosin beta15 with those of thymosin beta4 did, however, reduce the actin-binding affinity of the hybrid relative to thymosin beta15. Similarly, replacement of the thymosin beta4 C-terminal amino acids with those of thymosin beta15 led to increased actin binding. We conclude that functional differences between closely related beta-thymosin family members are, in part, specified by the C-terminal variability between these isoforms. Such differences may have consequences for situations where beta-thymosins are differentially expressed as in embryonic development and in cancer.
Abstract 1116: Oncogene signatures identify novel therapeutic targets and combinatorial strategies in breast cancer (2015)

Abstract During the course of tumorigenesis, cancer cells acquire a large number of genetic and epigenetic alterations. A subset of these alterations results in the generation of driver oncogenes that play critical roles in initiating and maintaining the transformed phenotype. We hypothesize that most solid tumors are simultaneously driven by multiple driver oncogenes that together form an oncogene network and that durable therapies for solid tumors will need to target multiple oncogenes. Identifying multiple driver oncogenes from among the large number of mutated/amplified genes present in most solid tumors is a nontrivial task that will require novel approaches. In this work, we have combined genome-wide, RNAi-based dropout screens with copy number, expression and exome sequencing analysis to identify the full complement of driver oncogenes that function in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. The panel of cell lines used for this study is the SUM panel of breast cancer cells which contains 10 cell lines and includes representatives of HER2 positive, ER positive, and triple negative breast cancer subtypes. For each line we have identified multiple activated driver oncogenes that when combined define a complete oncogene signature for the cell line. All of the oncogene signatures contain both well-characterized oncogenes that are known to play a role in breast cancer as well as novel driver genes that do not have a well-characterized role in breast cancer. Subsequent work has confirmed the role of several of the novel driver oncogenes including the epigenetic modifier KAT6A and the apoptotic regulator BCL2L1. Additionally, we show that the cell line oncogene signatures can be used to successfully predict sensitivity of individual cell lines to small molecule inhibitors. Predictions of sensitivity to inhibitors were confirmed through the integration of oncogene signatures with published data from large-scale drug screens across numerous cancer cell lines. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of oncogene signatures through their use in the design of novel therapeutic strategies that effectively reduce cancer cell viability. Citation Format: Stephen Guest, Zachary Kratche, Jonathan Irish, Aliccia Bollig-Fischer, Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer, Stephen Ethier. Oncogene signatures identify novel therapeutic targets and combinatorial strategies in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1116. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1116
Clinical study of cefuroxime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections (1980)

Twenty-three hospital in-patients with severe lower respiratory tract infections were treated with cefuroxime sodium. The drug was given intramuscularly in a dose of either 750 mg or 1000 mg at 8-hourly intervals for 5 days. Of the 21 patients who could be assessed, the response to treatment was highly satisfactory and there were no treatment failures. Eight patients had failed to respond to a course of oral antibiotics before being seen. Most of the patients were elderly and all were very ill. The sputum became mucoid in all but 1 patient. There was no change in tests of liver or renal function. Cefuroxime appears to be an effective and well-tolerated drug for the treatment of patients with severe chest infections.
Genetic and biochemical analyses of chromosome and plasmid gene homologues encoding ICL and ArCP domains in Vibrio anguillarum strain 775 (2011)

Anguibactin, the siderophore produced by Vibrio anguillarum 775 is synthesized from 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), cysteine and hydroxyhistamine via a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) mechanism. Most of the genes encoding anguibactin biosynthetic proteins are harbored by the pJM1 plasmid. In this work we report the identification of a homologue of the plasmid-encoded angB on the chromosome of strain 775. The product of both genes harbor an isochorismate lyase (ICL) domain that converts isochorismic acid to 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, one of the steps of DHBA synthesis. We show in this work that both ICL domains are functional in the production of DHBA in V. anguillarum as well as in E. coli. Substitution by alanine of the aspartic acid residue in the active site of both ICL domains completely abolishes their isochorismate lyase activity in vivo. The two proteins also carry an aryl carrier protein (ArCP) domain. In contrast with the ICL domains only the plasmid encoded ArCP can participate in anguibactin production as determined by complementation analyses and site-directed mutagenesis in the active site of the plasmid encoded protein, S248A. The site-directed mutants, D37A in the ICL domain and S248A in the ArCP domain of the plasmid encoded AngB were also tested in vitro and clearly show the importance of each residue for the domain function and that each domain operates independently.
Monofilament drawing device for in situ x-ray scattering studies of orientation development in polymeric fibers (1995)

The physical properties of polymer fibers are directly related to the development of orientation in the draw zone under extensional conditions. Although the final properties and microstructure of fibers can be evaluated after processing is completed, it is desirable to understand the development of orientation during drawing independently from the effects superimposed by subsequent unit operations. In situ x-ray scattering measurements of the extrudate in the draw zone provide an ideal means of accomplishing this goal. Depending on the polymeric system to be studied, rotating anode or synchrotron-based x-ray sources may be required, making portability of the fiber drawing device highly desirable. This paper describes an easily transportable in situ x-ray filament drawing device, and discusses typical data obtained using the device to produce filaments from a liquid crystalline nematic solution of poly(cis-benzoxazole) in polyphosphoric acid.
Stromal Reprogramming through Dual PDGFRα/β Blockade Boosts the Efficacy of Anti–PD-1 Immunotherapy in Fibrotic Tumors (2022)

Stromal targeting with PDGFRα/β dual blockade reverses the immunosuppressive microenvironment and enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in fibrotic cancer. See related commentary by Tauriello, p. 655.
Up-regulation of SPC25 promotes breast cancer (2019)

In this study, expression of the SPC25 gene was characterized in breast cancer (BC), and its effects on BC development and progression, functions in BC cells, and potential underlying mechanisms were examined. Data from TCGAportal and FIREBROWSE indicated that SPC25 was upregulated in BC tissues compared to normal tissues, and CANCERTOOL indicated that higher SPC25 mRNA levels were associated with increased probability of recurrence and poorer survival in BC patients. BC patients with higher SPC25 expression displayed shorter distant metastasis-free survival, relapse-free survival, and overall survival. Colony formation and CCK-8 experiments confirmed that SPC25 promoted proliferation of BC cells. Single-cell analysis indicated that SPC25 is associated with cell cycle regulation, DNA damage and repair, and BC cell proliferation. SPC25 knockdown suppressed proliferation of BC cells. MiRNAs, circRNAs, RNA-binding proteins, transcription factors, and immune factors that might interact with SPC25 mRNA to promote BC were also identified. These findings suggest that SPC25 levels are higher in more malignant BC subtypes and are associated with poor prognosis in BC patients. In addition, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and transcription factors inhibitor treatments targeting SPC25 might improve survival in BC patients.
Automated Tumor Extraction Device for Neurological Surgery (1979)

Various types of pneumatically driven devices have been used in craniotomy procedures for opening the skull. By contrast, except for some limited cases where a rotating cutter has been used to remove tumors from the central nervous system, only hand tools are commonly used for tumor or tissue removal. A pneumatically-activated probe cutter has been designed for the neurosurgical removal of nervous-system tumors and diseased tissue. The handheld probe-cutter utilizes concentric needles, one reciprocating inside the other. A scalpel-sharp edge on the tip of the inner needle moves in a shearing motion past a stationary port on one side near the distal end of the outer needle. The driving force for the reciprocating motion of the inner needle is provided by a pneumatic power source.