gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Evaluation of Amorphous MoS3 Positive Electrode Active Materials in All-Solid-State Lithium Secondary Batteries (2015)

Sulfur is an attractive active material for positive electrode because sulfur has a high theoretical capacity. High capacity of the batteries can be achieved by using active materials with a large content of sulfur. Low electronic conductivity is a drawback of sulfur. We thus focus on a transition metal trisulfides such as TiS 3 with high electronic conductivity. Moreover, amorphization of active materials is potentially capable of achieving higher capacity and cyclability because of open and random structure in amorphous materials. Recently, we have found that amorphous TiS 3 prepared by ball milling had better cyclability than crystalline TiS 3 [1, 2]. Very recently, we have reported that amorphous molybdenum trisulfide ( a -MoS 3 ) electrode active materials prepared by mechanical milling showed high reversible capacity (about 670 mAh g -1 ) for 60 cycles in the all-solid-state lithium batteries with Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 electrolytes at room temperature [3]. However, the electrochemical reaction mechanism of a -MoS 3 has not been identified yet. In order to improve the battery performance, it is important to understand the reaction mechanisms of a -MoS 3 in the all-solid-sate lithium batteries. In this study, we investigated microstructures and morphologies of a -MoS 3 electrodes before and after charge-discharge processes. a -MoS 3 was prepared by mechanical milling of the mixture of molybdenum metal and sulfur. The obtained active materials were applied as a positive electrode to all-solid-state cells with sulfide solid electrolytes. Structures and morphologies of a -MoS 3 electrodes before and after charge-discharge tests were analyzed by XRD, XPS, SEM and HR-TEM. The HR-TEM observations of a -MoS 3 electrodes during the 1st discharge test revealed that the lattice fringes due to MoS 2 layer structure disappeared gradually. After the 1st full discharge, the lattice fringes were not observed and the electron diffraction showed halo pattern. However, the lattice fringes like MoS 2 were observed again after the 1st charge. These results of HR-TEM observations suggested that the reversible structural changes of a -MoS 3 occurred. On the other hand, Li 2 S nano crystals were observed in HR-TEM image of a -MoS 3 after the 10th discharge. The HR-TEM image after the 10th charge showed no lattice fringes of Li 2 S and MoS 2 . It is concluded that MoS 3 after the 10th charge was completely amorphous. Reference [1] A. Hayashi, et al., Chem. Lett., 41 (2012) 886. [2] T. Matsuyama, et al., J. Solid State Electrochem., 17 (2013) 2697. [3] T. Matsuyama, et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, submitted for publication Acknowledgment This research was financially supported by ALCA-SPRING project.
Wafer-Scale Lateral Self-Assembly of Mosaic Ti3C2Tx MXene Monolayer Films (2021)

Bottom-up assembly of two-dimensional (2D) materials into macroscale morphologies with emergent properties requires control of the material surroundings, so that energetically favorable conditions direct the assembly process. MXenes, a class of recently developed 2D materials, have found new applications in areas such as electrochemical energy storage, nanoscale electronics, sensors, and biosensors. In this paper, we present a lateral self-assembly method for wafer-scale deposition of a mosaic-type 2D MXene flake monolayer that spontaneously orders at the interface between two immiscible solvents. ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations elucidate the interactions of a MXene flake with the solvents and its stability at the liquid/liquid interface, the prerequisite for MXene flakes self-assembly at the interface. Moreover, facile transfer of this monolayer onto a flat substrate (Si, glass) results in high-coverage monolayer films with uniform thickness and homogeneous optical properties. Multiscale characterization of the resulting films reveals the mosaic structure and sheds light on the electronic properties of the films, which exhibit good electrical conductivity over cm-scale areas.
Algorithms Using Local Graph Features to Predict Epidemics (2022)

We study a simple model of epidemics where an infected node transmits the infection to its neighbors independently with probability p. This is also known as the independent cascade or Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model with fixed recovery time. The size of an outbreak in this model is closely related to that of the giant connected component in “edge percolation”, where each edge of the graph is kept independently with probability p, studied for a large class of networks including configuration model [30] and preferential attachment [15, 37]. Even though these models capture the effects of degree inhomogeneity and the role of super-spreaders in the spread of an epidemic, they only consider graphs that are locally tree like i.e. have a few or no short cycles. Some generalizations of the configuration model were suggested to capture local communities, known as household models [6], or hierarchical configuration model [48]. Here, we ask a different question: what information is needed for general networks to predict the size of an outbreak? Is it possible to make predictions by accessing the distribution of small subgraphs (or motifs)? We answer the question in the affirmative for large-set expanders with local weak limits (also known as Benjamini-Schramm limits). In particular, we show that there is an algorithm which gives a (1–∊) approximation of the probability and the final size of an outbreak by accessing a constant-size neighborhood of a constant number of nodes chosen uniformly at random. We also present corollaries of the theorem for the preferential attachment model, and study generalizations with household (or motif) structure. The latter was only known for the configuration model.
A scoring system based on the expression of six surface molecules allows the identification of three prognostic risk groups in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2005)

We have previously identified 12 surface antigens whose differential expression represented the signature of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) subsets with different prognosis. In the present study, expression data for these antigens, as determined in 137 B-CLL cases, all with survivals, were utilized to devise a comprehensive immunophenotypic scoring system of prognostic relevance for B-CLL patients. In particular, univariate z score was employed to identify the markers with greater prognostic impact, while maximally selected log-rank statistics were chosen to define the optimal cut-off points capable to split patients into two groups with different survivals. A weighted immunophenotypic scoring system was developed by integrating results from these analyses. Six antigens were selected: three positive prognosticators (CD62L, CD54, CD49c) and three negative prognosticators (CD49d, CD38, CD79b), with cut-off values ranging from 30% to 50% of positive cells. By weighing the expression of each marker according to its statistical power, a complete scoring system, with point values comprised between 0 (complete absence of phenotypic conditions associated with good prognosis) and 9 (all the phenotypic conditions associated with good prognosis fulfilled), allowed to split the whole set of B-CLL patients, into three distinctive prognostic groups (P = 4.78 x 10(-11)) with high- (score 0-3), intermediate- (score 4-6), and low- (score 7-9) risk of death. The three risk groups showed different distribution of cases as for Rai's stages, IgVH mutations, and ZAP-70 expression. The proposed immunophenotypic scoring system may be an additional useful tool in routine diagnostic/prognostic procedures for B-CLL.
Meningococcal Deduced Vaccine Antigen Reactivity (MenDeVAR) Index: a Rapid and Accessible Tool That Exploits Genomic Data in Public Health and Clinical Microbiology Applications (2020)

As microbial genomics makes increasingly important contributions to clinical and public health microbiology, the interpretation of whole-genome sequence data by nonspecialists becomes essential. In the absence of capsule-based vaccines, two protein-based vaccines have been used for the prevention of invasive serogroup B meningococcal disease (IMD) since their licensure in 2013 and 2014. These vaccines have different components and different levels of coverage of meningococcal variants. Hence, decisions regarding which vaccine to use in managing serogroup B IMD outbreaks require information about the index case isolate, including (i) the presence of particular vaccine antigen variants, (ii) the expression of vaccine antigens, and (iii) the likely susceptibility of its antigen variants to antibody-dependent bactericidal killing. To obtain this information requires a multitude of laboratory assays, impractical in real-time clinical settings, where the information is most urgently needed. To facilitate assessment for public health and clinical purposes, we synthesized genomic and experimental data from published sources to develop and implement the Meningococcal Deduced Vaccine Antigen Reactivity (MenDeVAR) Index, which is publicly available on PubMLST (https://pubmlst.org). Using whole-genome sequences or individual gene sequences obtained from IMD isolates or clinical specimens, the MenDeVAR Index provides rapid evidence-based information on the presence and possible immunological cross-reactivity of different meningococcal vaccine antigen variants. The MenDeVAR Index enables practitioners who are not genomics specialists to assess the likely reactivity of vaccines for individual cases, outbreak management, or the assessment of public health vaccine programs. The MenDeVAR Index has been developed in consultation with, but independently of, both the 4CMenB (Bexsero; GSK) and rLP2086 (Trumenba; Pfizer, Inc.) vaccine manufacturers.
Online Virtual Exhibitions: Concepts and Design Considerations (2008)

Online virtual exhibitions (VEs) are acknowledged as important complimentary counterparts to physical exhibitions. It overcomes space, time and location  restrictions and allows global visitors to access these priceless and exciting treasures that are stored in museums, archives and other institutions on a 24/7/365 basis. Well constructed VEs can offer alternative experiences to the real thing and open up other opportunities that include learning, more content beyond physical exhibits, active participation and contribution by visitors through forums and uploads, online shopping, and others. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review, and illustrates concepts and design considerations for the development of VEs that can be highly effective and efficient with minimal technological knowledge. By considering the important issues of metadata, system architecture design and development techniques, it becomes possible to generate a series of VEs to meet the needs of different user groups and at the same time cater to the constraints of the client computers, thereby providing the users the best possible experience in engaging with the VEs. DOI: 10.14429/djlit.28.4.194
Evolution of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (1994)

Insecticides derived from the common soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are becoming increasingly important for pest management. Insecticidal crystal proteins (also called 8-endotoxins) from Bt are extremely toxic to certain pests, yet cause little or no hann to humans, most beneficial insects, and other nontarget organisms (19, 40). After proteolytic activation in the insect midgut, Bt toxins bind to the brush border membrane of the midgut epithelium and create pores that cause cells to swell and lyse (55). Technical innovations, including expression of Bt toxin genes in transgenic crop plants and transgenic bacteria, should increase the usefulness of Bt (6, 12, 35, 46, 91, 94, 109, 116). At the same time, mounting concerns about environmental hazards and widespread resistance in pest populations are reducing the value of conventional synthetic insecticides. Because Bt had been used commercially for more than two decades without reports of substantial resistance development in open field popu­ lations, some scientists had presumed that evolution of resistance was unlikely (21, 89). However, resistance to Bt was documented recently in field populations of diamondback moth in Hawaii, the continental US, and Asia (36, 42, 92a, 128, 129, 131, 138, 146, 148, 151). These reports confirmed suspicions raised by the results of laboratory selection for resistance to Bt in several major pests (102, 104, 135). Scientists in industry, government, and academia now recognize evolution of resistance to Bt in pests as the greatest threat to the continued success of Bt (18, 44, 58, 59, lOla, 108). To delay or reverse resistance to Bt in pests, we must first understand
Interrupting traumatic memories in the emergency department: a randomized controlled pilot study (2020)

These results add to the growing literature examining the use of a concurrent task to reduce intrusions following a traumatic event. In contrast to previous clinical studies, this study did not show significant group differences; however, it replicates an analogue study that used a specifically developed app. Further studies are needed to elucidate possible reasons for these conflicting results.
Evolutionarily conserved repressive activity of WOX proteins mediates leaf blade outgrowth and floral organ development in plants (2012)

The WUSCHEL related homeobox (WOX) genes play key roles in stem cell maintenance, embryonic patterning, and lateral organ development. WOX genes have been categorized into three clades--ancient, intermediate, and modern/WUS--based on phylogenetic analysis, but a functional basis for this classification has not been established. Using the classical bladeless lam1 mutant of Nicotiana sylvestris as a genetic tool, we examined the function of the Medicago truncatula WOX gene, STENOFOLIA (STF), in controlling leaf blade outgrowth. STF and LAM1 are functional orthologs. We found that the introduction of mutations into the WUS-box of STF (STFm1) reduces its ability to complement the lam1 mutant. Fusion of an exogenous repressor domain to STFm1 restores complementation, whereas fusion of an exogenous activator domain to STFm1 enhances the narrow leaf phenotype. These results indicate that transcriptional repressor activity mediated by the WUS-box of STF acts to promote blade outgrowth. With the exception of WOX7, the WUS-box is conserved in the modern clade WOX genes, but is not found in members of the intermediate or ancient clades. Consistent with this, all members of the modern clade except WOX7 can complement the lam1 mutant when expressed using the STF promoter, but members of the intermediate and ancient clades cannot. Furthermore, we found that fusion of either the WUS-box or an exogenous repressor domain to WOX7 or to members of intermediate and ancient WOX clades results in a gain-of-function ability to complement lam1 blade outgrowth. These results suggest that modern clade WOX genes have evolved for repressor activity through acquisition of the WUS-box.
R&amp;D on early detection of the Total Instantaneous Blockage for 4th Generation Reactors - inventory of non-nuclear methods investigated by the CEA (2013)

In the safety analysis for the core of the 4th Generation Reactors, the Total Instantaneous Blockage (TIB) is a hypothetic accident scenario involving the melting of the blocked subassembly with a risk of propagation to the neighbouring subassemblies. To avoid this latter consequence a detection system has to scram the reactor. For Superphénix or EFR project a Delayed Neutron Detection Integrated (DND I) was considered as efficient to limit the melting to the first neighbouring subassemblies. Nonetheless for the CFV core the objective of improving the safety leads to limit the melting to the blocked subassembly. For this purpose, the CEA has launched a program development to find a new detection method. This paper provides a brief review of the feedback of R&D, progress and program on the various early non-nuclear detection methods investigated by the CEA: Temperature measurement at the subassemblies outlet by thermocouples. The advantage of this method is that it will require no additional instrumentation to that already present for continuous monitoring; Temperature measurement at the subassemblies outlet by Optical Fibers Bragg Grating (OFBG). This technology has the electromagnetic immunity, compactness and short response time; Temperature measurement at the subassemblies outlet by ultrasound. The measuring point is located closer to the head subassembly and the response time could be shorter; Acoustic detection of sodium boiling. Boiling occurs early in the accident progress and the area to be monitored may be covered by few sensors; Subassemblies loss of flow detection by eddy-current flowmeters. This method seems logically the easiest and the most immediate method to detect a blockage. To date, none of these methods has been fully demonstrated to be feasible. It should be noted that temperature measurement methods will probably consist of the detection of a low increase rate using specific signal processing. These methods have been compared according to their performance that may be expected and their maturity level. The shorter time to qualifying is for eddy-current flowmeters and thermocouples.
Non-contact imaging of breast surface for breast surgical planning (2019)

Objective and accurate surface measurements of the human breast are important for surgical planning. Traditionally, surgeons plan their procedures using radiographic images, but these images do not illustrate the breast in the surgical position (i.e. supine position). As a result, surgeons need to account for differences in breast size and shape, and surgical outcome is largely dependent on the surgeon’s experience. Previous studies have shown that scanning large-breasted patients in the standing position resulted in breast ptosis and high variability. A system capable of accurately scanning patients in the supine position is therefore desirable. The aim of this work was to develop a non-contact imaging system that can provide 3D information of each breast surface from patients in the supine position. Two structured-light surface scanners were combined using separate colour optical filters to minimize cross-talk between scanners. Test scans were collected from a 3D printed breast phantom in both the supine and standing positions. Scanning with blue and green filters simultaneously at two different angles eliminated shadowing artifacts compared to a single scanner reconstruction. The mean error distance between the phantom CAD model and point cloud measurements was 0.1 ± 0.1 mm for both standing and supine positions. Our system performed better than currently available commercial systems, which have accuracy of 0.5 - 1 mm.
An Overview of the ZTEM and AirMt Airborne Electromagnetic Systems: A Case Study from the Nebo-Babel Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit, West Musgrave, Western Australia (2012)

(2012). An Overview of the ZTEM and AirMt Airborne Electromagnetic Systems: A Case Study from the Nebo-Babel Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit, West Musgrave, Western Australia. Preview: Vol. 2012, No. 158, pp. 26-32.
When Disclosure is Involuntary: Empowering Users with Control to Reduce Concerns Completed Research Paper (2015)

Modern organizations must carefully balance the practice of gathering large amounts of valuable data from individuals with the associated ethical considerations and potential negative public image inherent in breaches of privacy. As it becomes increasingly commonplace for many types of information to be collected without individuals’ knowledge or consent, managers and researchers alike can benefit from understanding how individuals react to such involuntary disclosures and how these reactions can impact evaluations of the data-collecting organizations. This research develops and empirically tests a theoretical model that shows how empowering individuals with a sense of control over their personal information can help mitigate privacy concerns following an invasion of privacy. Using a controlled experiment with 94 participants, we show that increasing control can reduce privacy concerns and significantly influence individuals’ attitudes toward the organization that has committed a privacy invasion. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of our work.
Decentralization in education : an economic perspective (1989)

Evaluating decentralization in terms of three economic criteria - social efficiency, technical efficiency, and equity - the paper argues that some decisionmaking (about finance and teacher recruitment) should be provided for at the local level, and some (about school organization and curriculum) at the regional level. A system of central government grants should be used to correct problems of equity and inefficiency inherent in a decentralized system. Little is known about the economic and educational consequences of decentralization, despite a wide variety of country experiences. The effects of decentralization are difficult to isolate, so scholars have focused instead on issues of implementation.
Hollow-core Photonic Crystal Fibers: Guidances and Applications (2014)

We give a historical perspective on the major results that led to the advent of the photonic bandgap guiding hollow core photonic crystal fiber ( PBG HC-PCF) and to that of inhibited-coupling one (IC HC-PCF). We review the progress made on gas-filled HC-PCF and photonic microcells, along with their applications for coherent optics, Raman comb generation laser metrology, discharge based lasers and high field optics.
Two-Prong Inhibitors for Human Carbonic Anhydrase II (2004)

The enzyme inhibitors are usually designed by taking into consideration the overall dimensions of the enzyme's active site pockets. This conventional approach often fails to produce desirable affinities of inhibitors for their cognate enzymes. To circumvent such constraints, we contemplated enhancing the binding affinities of inhibitors by attaching tether groups, which would interact with the surface exposed amino acid residues. This strategy has been tested for the inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase II. Benzenesulfonamide serves as a weak inhibitor for the enzyme, but when it is conjugated to iminodiacetate-Cu2+ (which interacts with the surface-exposed His residues) via a spacer group, its binding affinity is enhanced by about 2 orders of magnitude. This "two-prong" approach is expected to serve as a general strategy for converting weak inhibitors of enzymes into tight-binding inhibitors.
A 13.56 MHz CMOS Active Rectifier With Switched-Offset and Compensated Biasing for Biomedical Wireless Power Transfer Systems (2013)

A full-wave active rectifier switching at 13.56 MHz with compensated bias current for a wide input range for wirelessly powered high-current biomedical implants is presented. The four diodes of a conventional passive rectifier are replaced by two cross-coupled PMOS transistors and two comparator- controlled NMOS switches to eliminate diode voltage drops such that high voltage conversion ratio and power conversion efficiency could be achieved even at low AC input amplitude |VAC|. The comparators are implemented with switched-offset biasing to compensate for the delays of active diodes and to eliminate multiple pulsing and reverse current. The proposed rectifier uses a modified CMOS peaking current source with bias current that is quasi-inversely proportional to the supply voltage to better control the reverse current over a wide AC input range (1.5 to 4 V). The rectifier was fabricated in a standard 0.35 μm CMOS N-well process with active area of 0.0651 mm(2). For the proposed rectifier measured at |VAC| = 3.0 V, the voltage conversion ratios are 0.89 and 0.93 for RL=500 Ω and 5 kΩ, respectively, and the measured power conversion efficiencies are 82.2% to 90.1% with |VAC| ranges from 1.5 to 4 V for RL=500 Ω.