gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An analog neural network processor with programmable topology (1991)

The architecture, implementation, and applications of a special-purpose neural network processor are described. The chip performs over 2000 multiplications and additions simultaneously. Its data path is particularly suitable for the convolutional topologies that are typical in classification networks, but can also be configured for fully connected or feedback topologies. Resources can be multiplexed to permit implementation of networks with several hundreds of thousands of connections on a single chip. Computations are performed with 6 b accuracy for the weights and 3 b for the neuron states. Analog processing is used internally for reduced power dissipation and higher density, but all input/output is digital to simplify system integration. The practicality of the chip is demonstrated with an implementation of a neural network for optical character recognition. This network contains over 130000 connections and was evaluated in 1 ms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Measuring Cumulative Exposure to Oxygen with a Diphenylphosphine–Alkyl Naphthaleneimide Luminescence Turn‐On Dyad (2015)

2-(2-Diphenylphosphanylethyl)benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione is a poorly luminescent, photoinduced-electron-transfer (PET) dyad, NI-(Ph)2 P:, in which the luminescence of its naphthaleneimide (NI) part is quenched by the lone-pair electrons of the phosphorus atom of the (Ph)2 P: group. Photoinduced oxidation of (Ph)2 P: to (Ph)2 P=O by molecular oxygen regenerates the luminescence of the NI group, because the oxidized form (Ph)2 P=O does not serve as a quencher to the NI system. The oxidation of (Ph)2 P: is thermally inaccessible. The NI-(Ph)2 P: system was applied to monitoring the cumulative exposure of oxidation-sensitive goods to molecular oxygen. The major advantage of this new PET system is that it reacts with oxygen only via the photoinduced channel, which offers the flexibility of monitoring the cumulative exposure to oxygen in different time periods, simply by varying the sampling frequency. Electronic-energy calculations and optical spectroscopic data revealed that the luminescence turn-on upon reaction with molecular oxygen relies on a PET mechanism.
Preparation of Star-Branched Polymers with Cyclotriphosphazene Cores (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Star-Branched Polymers with Cyclotriphosphazene CoresJi Young Chang, Heung Jin Ji, Man Jung Han, Suh Bong Rhee, Seonkyeong Cheong, and Minjoong YoonCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 6, 1376–1380Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00084a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00084a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views690Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study on Controller Embedding Stage Using Model-Based-Design for a Bike with CMG (2018)

In previous works, authors presented some methods for mathematical modelling of dynamics and robust control approach to stabilization of a bicycle with usage of Control Moment Gyro (CMG). In this paper, the next step in the control system design and verification are presented. The model based approach is applied in forms of model in the loop, software in the loop, and processor in the loop to practically test the considered controller before final implementation in the real-device. The considered methods are illustrated with experimental data and compared.
Barrier protection via Toll-like receptor 2 signaling in porcine intestinal epithelial cells damaged by deoxynivalnol (2016)

Intestinal barrier is the first line of defense inside the body and comprises intercellular tight junction (TJ) proteins that regulate paracellular permeability. Deoxynivalenol (DON), a fungal metabolite often found in the contaminated food of domestic animals, is known to impair intestinal barrier function and may be involved in intestinal inflammation. Unlike in humans and mice, the importance of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 expressed in porcine intestinal epithelial cells is largely unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether TLR2 stimulation enhances intestinal barrier function and protects against DON exposure. We found that the cells treated with TLR2 ligands decreased the epithelial barrier permeability and enhanced TJ protein expression in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). In addition, pretreatment with TLR2 ligand, including Pam3CSK4 (PCSK) and lipoteichoic acid from Bacillus subtilis, prevented DON-induced barrier dysfunction by increasing the expression of TJ proteins via the PI3K-Akt-dependent pathway. It is likely that the DON-disrupted intestinal barrier caused biological changes of immune cells in the lamina propria. Thus, we conducted co-culture of differentiated IPEC-J2 cells in the upper well together with peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the bottom well and found that apical TLR2 stimulation of IPEC-J2 cells could alleviate the reduction in cell survival and proliferation of immune cells. Conclusively, TLR2 signaling on intestinal epithelial cells may enhance intestinal barrier function and prevent DON-induced barrier dysfunction of epithelial cells.
Estimation of Leaf Area in Bell Pepper Plant using Image Processing techniques and Artificial Neural Networks (2021)

Measurement and estimation of physical properties of plant leaves have always been considered as important requirements for monitoring and optimizing of plant growth. This study aimed at utilization of image processing and artificial intelligence techniques for non-invasive and non-destructive estimation of bell pepper leaves properties in the first month of growth. Physical properties of bell pepper plant leaves were extracted from RGB images. The algorithm makes use of gradient magnitude and watershed image. Leaf area as the most important index of growth was estimated as a function of other physical parameters including leaf length, width, perimeter etc. Using stereo imaging, the leaf distance from the camera was measured and applied in pixel-wise calculations. Artificial neural networks (ANN) were trained based on a database of actual values of leaf properties (i.e. 311 bell-pepper plant leaves). The success rate of the developed algorithm for detection and separation of leaves was 84.32%. The Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) network could successfully estimate the leaf area values with a validation performance of 0.912.
Ultrasonic characterization of myocardial photocoagulation lesion size in vivo during Nd:YAG laser irradiation (1994)

Abstract Endocardial coagulation lesions were created using transcatheter continuous‐wave Nd:YAG laser irradiation. Ultrasound monitoring of thermal lesion dimensions was performed using 7.5‐MHz and 10‐MHz transducers directly from the epicardial surface in short‐axis configuration (group A) or through the chest wall (group B). A total of 33 lesions were created in 10 dogs at energy levels ranging from 300 J to 1000 J. Mean histological lesion width (HW) compared with ultrasonically determined mean width (UW) showed that the differences (mean ± standard deviation) in group A (UW − HW) was = 1.14 ± 0.8 mm, which was not statistically significantly different from zero. In group B, (UW − HW) = 2.04 mm ± 0.7 mm ( p &lt; .05), which was statistically significantly different from zero. Mean histological depth (HD) differentially related to ultrasound mean depth (UD) for group A and B combined showed (UD − HD) = − 0.19 mm ± 0.46 mm, not statistically significantly different from zero. The frequency distribution for width in group A showed ∣UW − HW∣ &gt; 3 mm in 32% of cases. In group B ∣UW − HW∣ &gt; 3 mm in 15%, whereas ultrasound width was larger than histology in 75% of the cases. For depth, ∣UD − HD∣ &gt; 3 mm in 15% of cases. With further refinement of the technique, ultrasonic tissue characterization may become a useful adjunct to monitoring lesion dimensions during transcatheter laser photocoagulation. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
On the subunit composition, stoichiometry, and phosphorylation of the yeast transcription factor TFIIIC/tau. (1993)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor IIIC/tau is a multisubunit DNA-binding protein that plays key roles in tRNA and 5 S rRNA gene activation. Subunit composition, stoichiometry, and in vivo phosphorylation of TFIIIC/tau factor were investigated using factor prepared from strains carrying modified forms of TFC1, the gene encoding the 95-kDa TFIIIC/tau subunit (tau 95). Using an epitope-tagged TFC1 as well as a TFC1-lacZ fusion, TFIIIC was shown to contain a single 95-kDa subunit, which was localized by electron microscopy into tau A, the A block-binding domain of TFIIIC/tau. Three 35S-labeled polypeptides (at 138, 131, and 91 kDa) coimmunoprecipitated with a tau 95-beta-galactosidase fusion protein. The coprecipitation of the 91-kDa polypeptide makes it a likely subunit of the factor. Immunoprecipitation from 32P-labeled extracts revealed that three of the subunits (138, 131, and 95 kDa), but not the 91-kDa component, are phosphorylated in vivo.
Fluctuations and Noise of the Optical Output Power of Laser Diodes and the Effect on Optical Particle Size Determination (1997)

ABSTRACT Laser diodes are increasingly used as a light source in optical particle measurement technology. They offer the advantages of very small size, very low weight, and have recently become commercially available with a sufficient optical output power and at an acceptable price. However, they have the disadvantages of needing a matched current source and of having a generally higher noise level than gas lasers. In optical particle measurement technology, the amplitude of the light scattered by the particles is very often used to get information about the particles. The scattered light intensity is directly proportional to the incident light intensity. So the noise of the light source directly affects the quality of the scattered light, and can produce errors in the particle size determination. This paper investigates the constancy of the optical output power of laser diodes in combination with specific current sources, and calls attention to possible problems in optical particle size determination. A measurement method is introduced with example laser diodes and current sources to find the best combination of laser diode and current source with the lowest noise level in the optical output power. The optimum range of operation is determined with measurements. Further, the influence of the noise in the optical output power on particle size determination is estimated theoretically with an error propagation calculation. The measurements show a very low rms noise in the optical power output of laser diodes. The quantitative estimation of the error in particle size determination shows that the error below a particle diameter of 1 μm for polystyrene latex (PSL) and for laser diode wavelengths of 670 and 780 nm is insignificant. Above this particle diameter, error can increase due to the slight slope of the scattered light curve.
Substituted cyclopentadienyl(dithiolene)tungsten(IV) products from alkyne addition to tungsten(II) dithiocarbamate reagents (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted cyclopentadienyl(dithiolene)tungsten(IV) products from alkyne addition to tungsten(II) dithiocarbamate reagentsJ. R. Morrow, J. L. Templeton, J. A. Bandy, C. Bannister, and C. K. ProutCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 12, 1923–1925Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00232a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00232a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Analysis of Compact Fluorescent Lights for Use by Patients with Photosensitive Conditions (2009)

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is hazardous to patients with photosensitive skin disorders, such as lupus erythematosus, xeroderma pigmentosum and skin cancer. As such, these patients are advised to minimize their exposure to UVR. Classically, this is accomplished through careful avoidance of sun exposure and artificial tanning booths. Indoor light bulbs, however, are generally not considered to pose significant UVR hazard. We sought to test this notion by measuring the UV emissions of 19 different compact fluorescent light bulbs. The ability to induce skin damage was assessed with the CIE erythema action spectrum, ANSI S(lambda) generalized UV hazard spectrum and the CIE photocarcinogenesis action spectrum. The results indicate that there is a great deal of variation amongst different bulbs, even within the same class. Although the irradiance of any given bulb is low, the possible daily exposure time is rather lengthy. This results in potential daily UVR doses ranging from 0.1 to 625 mJ cm(-2), including a daily UVB (290-320 nm) dose of 0.01 to 15 mJ cm(-2). Because patients are exposed continually over long time frames, this could lead to significant cumulative damage. It would therefore be prudent for patients to use bulbs with the lowest UV irradiance.
Molecularly imprinted polymer based diffusive gradients in thin‐films for in situ selective sampling and determination of ciprofloxacin (2018)

A technique of diffusive gradients in thin films with ciprofloxacin-molecularly imprinted polymers as the binding agent was developed for in situ selective sampling and measurement of ciprofloxacin in water. The ciprofloxacin uptake by the method increased linearly with time (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.998) with a recovery of 96.8% in synthetic solution. The method performance was not dependent on solution pH over the pH range of 2-11 and ionic strength range from 1 × 10<sup>-4</sup> to 0.5 mol/L sodium nitrate. The binding agent has a higher adsorption affinity for ciprofloxacin than for other drug residues, such as norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, and malachite green. The concentration of ciprofloxacin in river water determined by this method was 0.52 ± 0.3 μg/L, and the recoveries of ciprofloxacin were 96.1-102.0%.
Glucose stabilizes collagen sterilized with gamma irradiation (2003)

Gamma irradiation sterilization (gamma-irradiation) fragments and denatures collagen, drastically decreasing critical physical properties. Our goal was to maintain strength and stability of gamma-irradiated collagen by adding glucose, which in theory can initiate crosslink formation in collagen during exposure to gamma-irradiation. Collagen films prepared with and without glucose were gamma-irradiated with a standard dose of 2.5 Mrad. Relative amounts of crosslinking and denaturation were approximated based on solubility and the mechanical properties of the films after hydration, heat denaturation, or incubation in enzymes (collagenase and trypsin). After exposure to gamma-irradiation, collagen films containing glucose had significantly higher mechanical properties, greater resistance to enzymatic degradation, and decreased solubility compared with control films. The entire experiment was repeated with a second set of films that were exposed first to ultraviolet irradiation (254 nm) to provide higher initial strength and then gamma-irradiated. Again, films containing glucose had significantly greater mechanical properties and resistance to enzymatic degradation compared with controls. Gel electrophoresis showed that glucose did not prevent peptide fragmentation; therefore, the higher strength and stability in glucose-incorporated films may be due to glucose-derived crosslinks. The results of this study suggest that glucose may be a useful additive to stabilize collagenous materials or tissues sterilized by gamma-irradiation.
Development highlights of the c-141 starlifter (1965)

For the first time in this country, an airplane has been developed to both military and Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) requirements, with type certification as a requirement of the military contract. Although fundamentally an exploitation of proven state of the art, the 318,000-lb C-141 has many unusual features and represents the solution of several interesting development problems. Of chief interest are its cargo-handling features, the aerodynamic design of its modestly swept wing and of its T-tail, the derivation of its low-drag fuselage afterbody with full cross-section loadable opening, its stringent weight-control program, its long fan-duct nacelle design, its short nacelle inlets, its flight-station innovations for crew efficiency and comfort, and its unique main-landing-gear design. Rather substantial test programs are still in progress, mainly, by now, in the fatigue and flight areas. The C-141 received its FAA type certificate on January 29,1965.
Clock domain crossing fault model and coverage metric for validation of SoC design (2007)

Multiple asynchronous clock domains have been increasingly employed in System-on-Chip (SoC) designs for different I/O interfaces. Functional validation is one of the most expensive tasks in the SoC design process. Simulation on register transfer level (RTL) is still the most widely used method. It is important to quantitatively measure the validation confidence and progress for clock domain crossing (CDC) designs. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for definition of CDC coverage, which can be used in RTL simulation for a multi-clock domain SoC design. First, we develop a CDC fault model to present the actual effect of metastability. Second, we use a temporal data flow graph (TDFG) to propagate the CDC faults to observable variables. Finally, CDC coverage is defined based on the CDC faults and their observability. Our experiments on a commercial IP demonstrate that this method is useful to find CDC errors early in the design cycles.
A Model of Heart Rate Kinetics in Response to Exercise (2008)

We present a mathematical model, in the form of two coupled ordinary differential equations, for the heart rate kinetics in response to exercise. Our heart rate model is an adaptation of the model of oxygen uptake kinetics of Stirling et al. [21]; a physiological justification for this adaptation, as well as the physiological basis of our heart rate model is provided. We also present the optimal fit of the heart rate model to a set of raw un averaged data for multiple constant intensity exercises for an individual at a particular level of fitness.
Parallel Scaling-Free and Area-Time Efficient CORDIC Algorithm (2012)

International audience
Multimodal tissue perfusion imaging using multi-spectral and thermographic imaging systems applied on clinical data (2013)

Clinical interventions can cause changes in tissue perfusion, oxygenation or temperature. Real-time imaging of these phenomena could be useful for surgical strategy or understanding of physiological regulation mechanisms. Two noncontact imaging techniques were applied for imaging of large tissue areas: LED based multispectral imaging (MSI, 17 different wavelengths 370 nm-880 nm) and thermal imaging (7.5 to 13.5 μm). Oxygenation concentration changes were calculated using different analyzing methods. The advantages of these methods are presented for stationary and dynamic applications. Concentration calculations of chromophores in tissue require right choices of wavelengths The effects of different wavelength choices for hemoglobin concentration calculations were studied in laboratory conditions and consequently applied in clinical studies. Corrections for interferences during the clinical registrations (ambient light fluctuations, tissue movements) were performed. The wavelength dependency of the algorithms were studied and wavelength sets with the best results will be presented. The multispectral and thermal imaging systems were applied during clinical intervention studies: reperfusion of tissue flap transplantation (ENT), effectiveness of local anesthetic block and during open brain surgery in patients with epileptic seizures. The LED multispectral imaging system successfully imaged the perfusion and oxygenation changes during clinical interventions. The thermal images show local heat distributions over tissue areas as a result of changes in tissue perfusion. Multispectral imaging and thermal imaging provide complementary information and are promising techniques for real-time diagnostics of physiological processes in medicine.
Reusing debugging knowledge via trace-based bug search (2012)

Some bugs, among the millions that exist, are similar to each other. One bug-fixing tactic is to search for similar bugs that have been reported and resolved in the past. A fix for a similar bug can help a developer understand a bug, or even directly fix it. Studying bugs with similar symptoms, programmers may determine how to detect or resolve them. To speed debugging, we advocate the systematic capture and reuse of debugging knowledge, much of which is currently wasted. The core challenge here is how to search for similar bugs. To tackle this problem, we exploit semantic bug information in the form of execution traces, which precisely capture bug semantics. This paper introduces novel tool and language support for semantically querying and analyzing bugs. We describe OSCILLOSCOPE, an Eclipse plugin, that uses a bug trace to exhaustively search its database for similar bugs and return their bug reports. OSCILLOSCOPE displays the traces of the bugs it returns against the trace of the target bug, so a developer can visually examine the quality of the matches. OSCILLOSCOPE rests on our bug query language (BQL), a flexible query language over traces. To realize OSCILLOSCOPE, we developed an open infrastructure that consists of a trace collection engine, BQL, a Hadoop-based query engine for BQL, a trace-indexed bug database, as well as a web-based frontend. OSCILLOSCOPE records and uploads bug traces to its infrastructure; it does so automatically when a JUnit test fails. We evaluated OSCILLOSCOPE on bugs collected from popular open-source projects. We show that OSCILLOSCOPE accurately and efficiently finds similar bugs, some of which could have been immediately used to fix open bugs.