gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nutrient acquisition and limitation for the photoautotrophic growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 as a renewable biomass source (2010)

Abstract Photoautotrophic microorganisms (cyanobacteria and algae) offer high promise as a source of biomass for renewable energy due to their rapid growth rates and high biomass yields. To provide a framework for evaluating the feasibility of growing phototrophic microorganisms with high biomass production rates, we operated a bench‐scale photobioreactor using Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and with light conditions imitating actual day–night light irradiance (LI). During the time of peak LI, PCC6803's specific growth rate (1.7 day −1 ) and the nitrate uptake rate (0.46 g N/g DW day) were high compared to past reports. Analysis employing the stoichiometry of photosynthesis of PCC6803 and ionic speciation showed that bicarbonate and phosphate were driven to very low concentrations for the high‐LI conditions. In particular, the systematic evaluation of rate‐limiting factors identified when the CO 2 –C i supply rate needed to be increased to mitigate HCO depletion and a large pH increase. It also showed that the traditional BG‐11 medium needs to be augmented with phosphate to avoid severe P depletion. This work exploits quantitative understanding the stoichiometry and kinetics of cyanobacteria for the high‐rate production of a renewable biomass. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 277–285. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Polybenzoquinolines as Graphene Nanoribbon Precursors (2020)

The bottom-up synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (narrow strips of sp2 hybridized carbon) has attracted much attention in recent years, with a number of contemporary demonstrations of the preparation of allcarbon systems. However, a limited number of studies have addressed the solution-phase synthesis of heteroatom-doped graphene nanoribbons; the design and preparation of such constructs is a significant challenge. We have recently developed new synthetic methodologies for the synthesis of oligobenzoquinolines via the aza-Diels???Alder (Povarov) reaction, producing oligobenzoquinoline precursors whose length and sequence are precisely controlled. Our straightforward approach also provides access to crowded macromolecular polybenzoquinoline scaffolds, which are key intermediates for the preparation of nitrogen-doped nanoribbons. Altogether, these findings hold implications for the bottom-up synthesis of graphene nanoribbons whose edge character, terminal functionalities, doping, and length are precisely defined.
Integrin α4β7 switches its ligand specificity via distinct conformer-specific activation (2018)

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25 (CCL25) and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) induce the ligand-specific activation of integrin α4β7 to mediate the selective adhesion of lymphocytes to mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). However, the mechanism underlying the selective binding of different ligands by α4β7 remains obscure. In this study, we demonstrate that CCL25 and CXCL10 induce distinct active conformers of α4β7 with a high affinity for either MAdCAM-1 or VCAM-1. Single-cell force measurements show that CCL25 increases the affinity of α4β7 for MAdCAM-1 but decreases its affinity for VCAM-1, whereas CXCL10 has the opposite effect. Structurally, CCL25 induces a more extended active conformation of α4β7 compared with CXCL10-activated integrin. These two distinct intermediate open α4β7 conformers selectively bind to MAdCAM-1 or VCAM-1 by distinguishing their immunoglobulin domain 2. Notably, Mn<sup>2+</sup> fully opens α4β7 with a high affinity for both ligands. Thus, integrin α4β7 adopts different active conformations to switch its ligand-binding specificity.
Hybridomas Secreting Monoclonal Antibody with Specificity for Toxoplasma gondii (1980)

This study reports the successful establishment of eight functional hybridomas between mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice hyperimmune to T. gondii as monitored by indirect immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay techniques. Two of these eight cloned hybridomas showed positive reactivity in the Sabin Feldman dye test. Three hybridoma clones selected, following fusion of myeloma cells with freshly harvested spleen cells from hyperimmune mice, secreted into the culture medium antitoxoplasma antibody fo the IgC class. When spleen cells from hyperimmune mice were precultured in vitro for 5 days in presence of Con A and LPS and then fused with myeloma cells, five of the stable hybridomas secreted antitoxoplasma antibody of the IgM class, while one secreted antibody of the IgG class. These monoclonal antitoxoplasma antibodies should permit a rational approach to the purification of corresponding antigenic molecules from toxoplasma.
<title>Video Link Data Compression For Remote Sensors</title> (1976)

This paper summarizes a research study on data compression techniques applicable for Remote Piloted Vehicles (RPV). Interframe techniques are considered and algorithms are determined to account for motion in frame-to-frame aerial photographs resulting in large bit reduction ratios provided that the various parameters of the mission such as altitude, velocity, etc. are accurately known. Differential encoding is used to further reduce bandwidth. Intraframe techniques suitable for the RPV mission including two-dimensional transform techniques and hybrid coding schemes are investigated and evaluated. It is shown that the hybrid schemes using Hadamard transform in one spatial direction and DPCM in the other spatial direction performs equivalent and at times superior to 2-dimensional transform techniques. The effects of channel errors on both the transform and hybrid coding schemes are investigated. Although the hybrid coding scheme is shown to be more sensitive to noise, optimization of the prediction coefficient results in satisfactory performance in a noisy environment. An adaptive scheme is considered which shows improved resolution in regions of high activity within the picture.
Speech recognition for a digital video library (1998)

The standard method for making the full content of audio and video material searchable is to annotate it with human-generated meta-data that describes the content in a way that the search can understand, as is done in the creation of multimedia CD-ROMs. However, for the huge amounts of data that could usefully be included in digital video and audio libraries, the cost of producing this meta-data is prohibitive. In the Informedia Digital Video Library, the production of the meta-data supporting the library interface is automated using techniques derived from artificial intelligence (AI) research. By applying speech recognition together with natural language processing, information retrieval, and image analysis, an interface has been produced that helps users locate the information they want, and navigate or browse the digital video library more effectively. Specific interface components include automatic titles, filmstrips, video skims, word location marking, and representative frames for shots. Both the user interface and the information retrieval engine within Informedia are designed for use with automatically derived meta-data, much of which depends on speech recognition for its production. Some experimental information retrieval results will be given, supporting a basic premise of the Informedia project: That speech recognition generated transcripts can make multimedia material searchable. The Informedia project emphasizes the integration of speech recognition, image processing, natural language processing, and information retrieval to compensate for deficiencies in these individual technologies. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Enzyminduktion mit Steroiden bei Pseudomonas testosteroni (1965)

Steroid initiated enzyme induction (Δ 5 -Ketosteroid-Isomerase, 3α-Hydroxysteroid-Dehydrogenase, and 3β.17β-Hydroxysteroid-Dehydrogenase) in Pseudomonas testosteroni was investigated with respect to the kinetics of induction, operon control of the induced enzymes, and the relative strengths of various inducers. The induction process was followed indirectly by selective inhibition of different stages in the protein synthetic pathway. Comparisons between bacterial and mammalian steroid induction are discussed.
A comparative evaluation of Ficus religiosa with Ficus species for its anti-inflammatory activity: a review (2020)

Herbal medicine is one of the oldest forms in medical treatment. Through various studies it was known that medicinal herbs are used for treating inflammatory disorders in traditional medicine. Inflammation is the body’s process of opposing against the foreign particles that harm it, such as infections, injuries etc. The work aims to compare the anti-inflammatory action of extracts of various Ficus species using Carrageenan induced hind paw oedema method and cotton pellet granuloma method. Literature surveys have been done to check the extent of anti-inflammatory activity on extracts of various plant parts like roots, leaves, barks, fruits etc. of Ficus species with oral administration of different doses. As a result, the leaf extract of plant Ficus religiosa have found to be greater effect compared to other Ficus species. Thus, the review may conclude that the anti-inflammatory effect of Ficus religiosa extract is more potent than other Ficus species
Constraint relaxation in approximate linear programs (2009)

Approximate Linear Programming (ALP) is a reinforcement learning technique with nice theoretical properties, but it often performs poorly in practice. We identify some reasons for the poor quality of ALP solutions in problems where the approximation induces virtual loops. We then introduce two methods for improving solution quality. One method rolls out selected constraints of the ALP, guided by the dual information. The second method is a relaxation of the ALP, based on external penalty methods. The latter method is applicable in domains in which rolling out constraints is impractical. Both approaches show promising empirical results for simple benchmark problems as well as for a realistic blood inventory management problem.
Tumor Analyses Reveal Squamous Transformation and Off-Target Alterations As Early Resistance Mechanisms to First-line Osimertinib in EGFR -Mutant Lung Cancer (2020)

Histologic transformation and other off-target molecular alterations are frequent early emerging resistance mechanisms to osimertinib and are associated with poor clinical outcomes.<i>See related commentary by Piotrowska and Hata, p. 2441</i>.
Ensemble Estimation of Distributional Functionals via $k$-Nearest Neighbors (2017)

The problem of accurate nonparametric estimation of distributional functionals (integral functionals of one or more probability distributions) has received recent interest due to their wide applicability in signal processing, information theory, machine learning, and statistics. In particular, $k$-nearest neighbor (nn) based methods have received a lot of attention due to their adaptive nature and their relatively low computational complexity. We derive the mean squared error (MSE) convergence rates of leave-one-out $k$-nn plug-in density estimators of a large class of distributional functionals without boundary correction. We then apply the theory of optimally weighted ensemble estimation to obtain weighted ensemble estimators that achieve the parametric MSE rate under assumptions that are competitive with the state of the art. The asymptotic distributions of these estimators, which are unknown for all other $k$-nn based distributional functional estimators, are also presented which enables us to perform hypothesis testing.
Loss of SETD2 Induces a Metabolic Switch in Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines toward Enhanced Oxidative Phosphorylation (2018)

SETD2, a histone H3 lysine trimethyltransferase, is frequently inactivated and associated with recurrence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the impact of SETD2 loss on metabolic alterations in ccRCC is still unclear. In this study, SETD2 null isogenic 38E/38F clones derived from 786-O cells were generated by zinc finger nucleases, and subsequent metabolic, genomic, and cellular phenotypic changes were analyzed by targeted metabolomics, RNA sequencing, and biological methods, respectively. Our results showed that compared with parental 786-O cells, 38E/38F cells had elevated levels of MTT/Alamar blue levels, ATP, glycolytic/mitochondrial respiratory capacity, citrate synthase (CS) activity, and TCA metabolites such as aspartate, malate, succinate, fumarate, and α-ketoglutarate. The 38E/38F cells also utilized alternative sources beyond pyruvate to generate acetyl-CoA for the TCA cycle. Moreover, 38E/38F cells showed disturbed gene networks mainly related to mitochondrial metabolism and the oxidation of fatty acids and glucose, which was associated with increased PGC1α, mitochondrial mass, and cellular size/complexity. Our results indicate that SETD2 deficiency induces a metabolic switch toward enhanced oxidative phosphorylation in ccRCC, which can be related to PGC1α-mediated metabolic networks. Therefore, this current study lays the foundation for the further development of a global metabolic analysis of cancer cells in individual patients, which ultimately will have significant potential for the discovery of novel therapeutics and precision medicine in SETD2-inactivated ccRCC.
Thermal Decomposition of Aqueous Hydroxyl-Ammonium Nitrate Solutions Using a Hybrid Propellant Gas Generator (2015)

This paper details the development and testing of a novel ignition system that is ideally suited for propellants based on Ionic-liquids (ILs). The ignition system features a highenthalpy gas generation cycle adapted from a novel arc-ignition system previously developed for hybrid rocket systems as a replacement for squib-style ignitors. Previously, a form of additive manufacturing known as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) was used to fabricate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fuel grain segments that possess unique electrical breakdown properties so that when subjected to a high-voltage inductive charge, an electrical-arc results along the layered material surface. When the arc occurs simultaneously with the introduction of an oxidizing flow, the pyrolyzed hydrocarbon seeds combustion and produces immediate ignition along the entire length of the fuel material. Results of a series of developmental tests are presented, and are compared to previously-developed thermal decomposition models for aqueous HAN Solutions. The developed system offers the potential to act as a room-temperature ignition source for the LMP-103s and AF-M315E. Results of preliminary tests of the prototype system on pure water and 24%, 45%, and 50% HAN Solutions are presented. Initial results verify that this low-power input, on-demand gas-generation cycle provides sufficient enthalpy thermally decompose aqueous HAN solutions with concentrations greater than 45%.
Lossless interframe motion-compensated coding schemes for biomedical image sequences (1992)

A new lossless coding scheme is proposed, especially adapted to optimize the storage capacities of dynamic medical imagery without any numerical distorsion after coding-decoding procedures. It basically uses a lossy (i.e an adaptive predictive one) plus lossless residual encoding scheme ([LieS9], [Rab91]). The predictive coder is based on motion compensation techniques. The essential originalities of this algorithmic work is, firstly, to propose and compare different motion models (from purely trauslational to affine models.) and, then, to select the optimal lossless encoding technique related to the p. d. f of residual motion compensated errors. Finally we propose comparative tests on real coronarography image sequences.
Reinvestigation of Carrier Transport Properties in Liquid Crystalline 2-Phenylbenzothiazole Derivatives (2007)

We have reinvestigated the charge carrier transport properties in a liquid crystal of 2-(4'-heptyloxyphenyl)-6-dodecylthiobenzothiazole (7O-PBT-S12), for which the electronic conduction was first established in rodlike liquid crystals and for which the highest hole mobility in the smectic A (SmA) phase ever achieved was reported. We found that 7O-PBT-S12 exhibited three crystal phases, one of which appeared in a limited temperature range of 10 degrees just below the phase transition temperature from the SmA phase. In this crystal phase, nondispersive transient photohole currents were observed in time-of-flight experiments, and its hole mobility was determined to be 8 x 10(-3) cm(2)/Vs, slightly higher than that reported previously in the SmA phase. For the SmA phase, however, the hole mobility was 1 x 10(-4) cm(2)/Vs. Furthermore, we established the electron transport in the SmA phase of purified 7O-PBT-S12, whose mobility was the same as the hole mobility in that phase. In order to confirm generality of the new findings in 7O-PBT-S12, we investigated the carrier transport properties of its derivative having a short hydrocarbon chain, 2-(4'-heptyloxyphenyl)-6-butylthiobenzothiazole (7O-PBT-S4), and obtained comparable results. The present results correct a mistake in the previous report and give an idea of what a typical mobility in the SmA phase is. On the basis of these results, we discuss what determines the charge carrier mobility in smectic mesophases.
Converged three-dimensional quantum mechanical reaction probabilities for the F+H2 reaction on a potential energy surface with realistic entrance and exit channels and comparisons to results for three other surfaces (1991)

Accurate three-dimensional quantum mechanical reaction probabilities are presented for the reaction F+H2→HF+H on the new global potential energy surface 5SEC for total angular momentum J=0 over a range of translational energies from 0.15 to 4.6 kcal/mol. We find that the v′=3 HF vibrational product state has a threshold as low as for v′=2. We also find considerable structure in the reaction probability and cumulative reaction probability curves which may be indicative of resonance structures. We compare these results to those for another potential energy surface 5SEC-W, which differs from surface 5SEC in the magnitude of the van der Waals well in the entrance channel, and to those for two previous potential energy surfaces.
Simulation numérique tridimensionnelle d'un problème de fracturation hydraulique (1986)

No english abstract
Intercropping in Sugarcane Improves Functional Diversity, Soil Quality and Crop Productivity (2021)

Intercropping of mustard or potato in sugarcane in relation to traditional non-intercropping rotation on microbial diversity, soil quality and crop productivity was assessed in a 3-year cropping system trial. The systems consisted of sugarcane + mustard–ratoon–cowpea (SmRC), sugarcane + potato–ratoon–wheat (SpRW) and a standard sugarcane–ratoon–wheat (SRW) rotation. The SpRW system recorded a significantly higher cane equivalent yield (120.4 t ha−1) than SmRC (109.4 t ha−1) and SRW (92.6 t ha−1), which was 10.1% and 30.0% greater, respectively. However, the highest microbial activities (microbial counts, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and basal soil respiration), soil enzymes, total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN), available N, Zn, Cu, Fe and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were recorded for SmRC system. The available K and S content were greater in SRW, while the highest average substrate oxidation rate was recorded in SmRC (0.00291 OD h−1), which was 14.1% and 7.58% more than that of SpRW and SRW systems, respectively. Moreover, SmRC significantly increased functional diversity indices and soil quality index. Total N, soil organic carbon, available P and S were identified as the key soil quality indicators, contributing 31.8, 30.9, 12.9 and 10.8% toward quality development, respectively. The highest functional diversity indices of microbial community, soil quality and crop productivity under intercropping are the result of greater SOC, TC, TN, microbial and enzymatic activities. In conclusion, intercropping of mustard or potato in sugarcane could be the way to increase crop productivity in limited land resources in subtropical areas of India.
Criterion for fatigue failure in steels (1999)

A formal criterion for fatigue failure in steels, which permits reliable detection of the transition to the final stage of the process on the basis of the form of the dependence of the propagation velocity of ultrasonic waves in them on the number of loading cycles and the derivatives of this function with respect to the number of cycles, is established. The nature of the phenomena associated with the variation of the ultrasound velocity during the accumulation of fatigue damage is analyzed.
Studies on Heterocyclic Colouring Matters Part II: Δ2,2′ ‐Bi (2H‐1, 4‐benzothiazines) (1974)

Abstract A novel one‐step ‘Inverse Indigo Synthesis’ of the Δ 2,2′ ‐bi(3,4‐dihydro‐3‐oxo‐2 H ‐1, 4‐benzothiazine) chromophore is described. Structure, substitution reactions, mechanism of formation, colour and other relevant properties of this system have been investigated in relation to known thioindigos. A synthesis of the basic skeleton of one of the ‘Trichosiderins’, the colouring matters of human red hair, is reported.
Bacteriophage T4 and human type I DNA ligases relax DNA under joining conditions (1993)

Both bacteriophage T4 and human type I DNA ligases in the presence of a mixture of ATP, AMP and PPi altered the topological properties of a supercoiled substrate by a step-wise reaction eventually leading to a population of fully relaxed, covalently closed products. In the presence of only AMP and PPi DNA products containing nicks with 3'OH/5'P termini accumulated in the presence of bacteriophage T4 DNA ligase, suggesting reversal of the entire joining reaction, but not in the presence of human DNA ligase I. Both DNA ligases became deoxyadenylylated in the presence of dATP, but the joining reaction did not proceed to completion. However, with both enzymes the full relaxing reaction took place in the presence of dAMP alone and in the presence of a mixture of dATP, dAMP and PPi. In no case could the joining reaction be reversed by dAMP and PPi. Related experiments with modified derivatives of deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates and PPi gave results in accord with these observations. The AMP dependent DNA relaxation catalysed by DNA ligases was insensitive to the presence of exonuclease III. These results indicate that controlled relaxation of the substrate by both DNA ligases occurs as a separate reaction rather than by simple reversal of the joining reaction. These findings support the hypothesis that in vivo the DNA topoisomerising ligases relax their substrate at the replication fork both during and separately from ligation of a pre-existing nick.
Designed Proteins as Optimized Oxygen Carriers for Artificial Blood (2013)

Abstract : This project concerns the transformation of a de novo designed oxygen transport protein into an effective blood substitute. The protein is less than one-third the size of the human hemoglobin monomer, binds two as opposed to one oxygen-carrying heme cofactor per monomer, and is much more temperature stable than human hemoglobin (1). Therefore the protein promises to have a much higher oxygen capacity per unit weight and per unit volume than human hemoglobin. The stepwise goals of the project are to (A) extend the oxyferrous state lifetime by raising the cofactor reduction potential, (B) to optimize the molecular oxygen binding constant to that of human hemoglobin and (C) to create a crosslinked, stabilized preparation of the optimized protein. In the first two years of the project, Aim B was completed and some progress was made on Aim A, the most difficult Aim. Below we describe year three progress, which includes major advances in Aim A, progress in Aim C, and the additional engineering of a new enzymatic activity which addresses a major problem which has been raised in the literature subsequent to the start of the project.