gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive phenotypic analysis of the Dp1Tyb mouse strain reveals a broad range of Down syndrome-related phenotypes (2021)

Down syndrome (DS), trisomy 21, results in many complex phenotypes including cognitive deficits, heart defects and craniofacial alterations. Phenotypes arise from an extra copy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) genes. However, these dosage-sensitive causative genes remain unknown. Animal models enable identification of genes and pathological mechanisms. The Dp1Tyb mouse model of DS has an extra copy of 63% of Hsa21-orthologous mouse genes. In order to establish whether this model recapitulates DS phenotypes, we comprehensively phenotyped Dp1Tyb mice using 28 tests of different physiological systems and found that 468 out of 1800 parameters were significantly altered. We show that Dp1Tyb mice have wide-ranging DS-like phenotypes, including aberrant erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis, reduced bone density, craniofacial changes, altered cardiac function, a pre-diabetic state, and deficits in memory, locomotion, hearing and sleep. Thus, Dp1Tyb mice are an excellent model for investigating complex DS phenotype-genotype relationships for this common disorder.
Three New Cultivars of Cornus kousa: Empire, Pam’s Mountain Bouquet, and Red Steeple (2014)

The genus Cornus contains 58 species of trees, shrubs, and herbs that are mostly distributed throughout the northern hemisphere (Xiang et al., 2006). Flowering dogwood (C. florida), kousa dogwood (C. kousa), and their interspecific hybrids are considered the most popular and economically significant members of the genus in the nursery and landscape industries. These deciduous trees are valued for their spring display of pink, red, or white bracts, brilliant-red fall foliage, and exfoliating bark. Retail and wholesale sales of dogwood in the United States account for over $30 million dollars annually with 73.1% of these sales coming from eight states [Maryland, Minnesota, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee (U.S. Dept. of Agriculture–National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2010)]. Sales in Tenneessee account for 21.9% of total sales of deciduous flowering trees, making it an important crop for the state’s economy. Additionally, six counties in Tennessee produce substantial amounts of 1-year-old liners that are sold to out-of-state nurseries for finishing and resale. In nursery production, a liner refers to a small tree that is transplanted and allowed to become a larger tree for sale by wholesale or retail outlets. These liners ultimately supply 80% of the country’s dogwoods (Simmons, 2002). Large-bracted dogwoods are widely grown throughout midtemperate regions of eastern North America, both in the wild and as coveted ornamental trees in urban and suburban landscapes. Across this range, flowering dogwoods have been severely affected by dogwood anthracnose [Discula destructiva (Redlin, 1991)] and powdery mildew [Erysiphe pulchra (Li et al., 2009)]. Because of the importance of dogwoods to the U.S. agricultural economy, an improvement program was initiated over 20 years ago at the University of Tennessee to develop disease-resistant cultivars of dogwoods. These efforts have resulted in the release of the first flowering dogwood cultivar (Appalachian Spring) with resistance to dogwood anthracnose (Windham et al., 1998) and three powdery mildew resistant cultivars: Jean’s Appalachian Snow, Karen’s Appalachian Blush, and Kay’s Appalachian Mist (Windham et al., 2003). Cornus kousa is more tolerant to anthracnose and powdery mildew than C. florida (Holmes and Hibben, 1989; Ranney et al., 1995). Hybrids between these two species are generally more vigorous than typical plants of either parent species and have field resistance or tolerance to dogwood anthracnose and powdery mildew (Ranney et al., 1995). There are over 100 named cultivars of C. kousa and many cultivars are the result of either selection of open-pollinated seedlings or spontaneous sports rather than systematic breeding (Cappiello and Shadow, 2005). The objective of this project was to evaluate 400 seedlings of C. kousa for disease resistance and horticultural traits such as color, degree of overlap, size of bracts, tree form, and bark and leaf characteristics. From these, three genotypes were selected for development and release.
Neurobiological Concepts of Fever Generation and Suppression (1993)

Fever is induced by interactions of bacterial pyrogens with cells from the immune system, which subsequently release a cascade of cytokines. After intramuscular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli, increased amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) can be measured in blood plasma and in perfusates of the anterior hypothalamus, where body temperature is regulated. These substances are therefore candidates to be involved in the modification of thermoregulatory structures leading to the febrile rise in body temperature. This increase of body temperature is limited and sometimes even prevented by the actions of endogenous antipyretic neuropeptides like arginine vasopressin (AVP), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSHs) liberated within the brain or systemically during fever. For AVP, most experimental evidence confirms antipyretic pathways from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to the septal area of the limbic system, which are activated during fever and by several stressful stimuli. Fever and endogenous antipyresis are interconnected and result from interactions between the immune system and the central nervous system.
Ultralarge Hyperpolarizability Twisted π-Electron System Electro-Optic Chromophores:  Synthesis, Solid-State and Solution-Phase Structural Characteristics, Electronic Structures, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Computational Studies (2007)

This contribution details the synthesis and chemical/physical characterization of a series of unconventional twisted pi-electron system electro-optic (EO) chromophores. Crystallographic analysis of these chromophores reveals large ring-ring dihedral twist angles (80-89 degrees) and a highly charge-separated zwitterionic structure dominating the ground state. NOE NMR measurements of the twist angle in solution confirm that the solid-state twisting persists essentially unchanged in solution. Optical, IR, and NMR spectroscopic studies in both the solution phase and solid state further substantiate that the solid-state structural characteristics persist in solution. The aggregation of these highly polar zwitterions is investigated using several experimental techniques, including concentration-dependent optical and fluorescence spectroscopy and pulsed field gradient spin-echo (PGSE) NMR spectroscopy in combination with solid-state data. These studies reveal clear evidence of the formation of centrosymmetric aggregates in concentrated solutions and in the solid state and provide quantitative information on the extent of aggregation. Solution-phase DC electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation (EFISH) measurements reveal unprecedented hyperpolarizabilities (nonresonant mubeta as high as -488,000 x 10(-48) esu at 1907 nm). Incorporation of these chromophores into guest-host poled polyvinylphenol films provides very large electro-optic coefficients (r(33)) of approximately 330 pm/V at 1310 nm. The aggregation and structure-property effects on the observed linear/nonlinear optical properties are discussed. High-level computations based on state-averaged complete active space self-consistent field (SA-CASSCF) methods provide a new rationale for these exceptional hyperpolarizabilities and demonstrate significant solvation effects on hyperpolarizabilities, in good agreement with experiment. As such, this work suggests new paradigms for molecular hyperpolarizabilities and electro-optics.
Electron paramagnetic resonance from actinide elements (1978)

Investigations of actinide ions using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques have resulted in the acquisition of new information pertinent to the electronic and nuclear properties of these synthetically produced elements and their ions. The special experimental problems and concomitant techniques which have been employed in acquiring this new information are presented, along with more general information regarding those aspects of actinide technology which are applicable to disciplines other than electron resonance. The results of electron resonance investigations of the actinides are discussed and examined, with emphasis on comparisons between these results and those obtained for rare-earth ions. Problems which remain unresolved are presented and suggestions for possible future experiments are considered.
<title>Monolithic integrated optical device</title> (1993)

The integrated optical monolithic device which transforms the optical signal on electrical signal has been manufactured by means of new simple technology. This technology offers to consistently make taper channel waveguide, channel waveguide, and diffractive grating by means of a changing of the refractive index of planar CdSSe waveguide by surface-absorbed laser emission. In order to measure optical signal in channel waveguide the local waveguide photoresistor which has a good photosensitivity in the red wavelength range was formed on its surface. The ratio of dark resistance to resistance under illumination is 10<SUP>2</SUP> - 10<SUP>3</SUP>.
When ASCA and MTSS Merge (2021)

The national average student-to-counselor ratio is currently 477 students to one counselor; almost nearly double the 250:1 ratio that the ASCA National Model (2005) recommends. With the existing ratios as high as 1000 students per counselor, counselors and their respective counseling programs provide minimal impact (Carrell, S. E. & Carrell, S. A., 2006). In the Silicon Valley High School District (a pseudonym), high schools with high student-to-counselor ratios may result in subpopulations of students whose needs are not being served and or met. Although counselors express wanting to incorporate additional Tier Two interventions, counselor participants feel they do not have the bandwidth and or capacity to do so. This qualitative case study explores factors in a high school counselor’s role that contribute to their capacity to implement Tier Two interventions, how they determine what Tier Two groups to support, and how high school counseling programs implement and monitor Tier Two interventions in the Silicon Valley High School District. Findings indicate the counselors in the district offer an array of academic Tier Two interventions. However, the demands of the counseling role prevent other important Tier Two services from being provided.
Power spectrum ranked independent component analysis of a periodic fMRI complex motor paradigm (2002)

Independent component analysis (ICA) has been demonstrated to be an effective data-driven method for analyzing fMRI data. However, a method for objective differentiation of task-related components from those that are artifactually non-relevant is needed. We propose a method of constant-cycle (periodic) fMRI task paradigm combined with ranking of spatial ICA components by the magnitude contribution of their temporal aspects to the fundamental task frequency. Power spectrum ranking shares some similarity to correlation with an a priori hemodynamic response, but without a need to presume an exact timing or duration of the fMRI response. When applied to a complex motor task paradigm with auditory cues, multiple task-related activations are successfully identified and separated from artifactual components. These activations include sensorimotor, auditory, and superior parietal areas. Comparisons of task-related component time courses indicate the temporal relationship of fMRI responses in functionally involved regions. Results indicate the sensitivity of ICA to short-duration hemodynamics, and the efficacy of a power spectrum ranking method for identification of task-related components.
Under pressure: future prospects in hypertension management (2008)

Professor Hans Rudolf Brunner Born in 1937, Professor Brunner is a Swiss citizen. He is a Professor Emeritus of Medicine at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. He has been at the forefront of research on the role of renin and the renin-angiotensin system in blood pressure regulation. He has been involved in the development of drugs such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. He was among the first medical practitioners to introduce the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Professor Brunner has been a medical advisor to Speedel since 1999.
Applications of metallic glasses in the electronics industry (1985)

The paper gives a survey of the major commercial applications of soft magnetic metallic glasses in the field of electronics. Topics discussed in detail are current applications such as magnetic heads for audio and video recorders, magnetic cores with low losses and specifically designed hysteris loops for inductive components in switched-mode power supplies, robust and reliable magnetometers, theft detection devices and sensitive displacement or torque transducers.
Safety assessment of the process Paccor Polska, based on the Kreyenborg IR Clean+ technology, used to recycle post‐consumer PET into food contact materials (2022)

The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) assessed the safety of the recycling process Paccor Polska (EU register number RECYC253), which uses the Kreyenborg IR Clean+ technology. The input material is hot caustic washed and dried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes originating from collected post-consumer PET containers, including no more than 5% PET from non-food consumer applications. The flakes are heated in a ■■■■■ IR dryer (step 2) before being processed by the finisher (step 3). Having examined the challenge test provided, the Panel concluded that step 2 and step 3 are critical in determining the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the performance of this step are temperature, airflow and residence time. It was demonstrated that this recycling process is able to ensure a level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.10 and 0.15 μg/kg food, derived from the exposure scenario for infants and toddlers, respectively, when such recycled PET is used at up to 100%. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the recycled PET obtained from this process is not of safety concern when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs, including drinking water, for long-term storage at room temperature, with or without hotfill. Articles made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used in microwave and conventional ovens and such uses are not covered by this evaluation.
Age Comparison Of Heteronymous Facilitation And Homosynaptic Depression Of H-reflex During Different Body Weights (2010)

PURPOSE: To examine heteronymous facilitation of the soleus H-reflex through conditioned stimulus to the Ia afferents of the femoral nerve and homosynaptic depression through a double pulse technique during the different postural orientations. METHODS: Fifteen elderly (67.6, SD 4.1 yrs) and 15 young (22.8, SD 2.5 yrs) subjects were examined. H-max and M-max of the right soleus were determined. The control H-reflex was adjusted at 15% of M-max. The heteronymous facilitation (HF) was induced by utilizing conditioned stimulus with 1.1 × TH of the rectus femoris, the interval -5.5 ms between the test and conditioning stimulus. The homosynaptic depression (HD) was induced by the same intensity of stimulus as the control with the interval at 80 ms between the test stimulus and the conditioning stimulus of the same Ia afferent of the posterior tibial nerve. During the conditioned tests, six different postural orientations were utilized: 1) supine; 2) supine inclined by 30 deg of back support (BS); 3) standing with 50% of body weight supported; 4) standing with 25% of body weight supported; 5) standing with whole body weight and 6) standing with 25% increase in body weight. Background EMG activities were recorded in the soleus, medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and rectus femoris muscles. RESULTS: For the soleus BEMG, a two-way interaction was found between the groups and body orientations (p <.05). A two-way interaction in H/M was also found. The elderly significantly increased H/M during 50% body weight supported (43.5%) compared with the supine (33.9%) and BS (35.7%) position in contrast to the young (p <.05). A significant three-way interaction between the groups, conditioned reflexes and body orientations was found. The elderly did not modulate the size of HF during different body orientations in contrast to the young, who decreased HF facilitation. The elderly significantly reduced the size of HD during 100% and 125% in body weight (p <.05), whereas the young did not modulate it. CONCLUSIONS: To adjust the reflex amplitude during different body orientations, the young subjects modulate the quad-soleus pathway whereas the elderly do not. In contrast, the elderly appear to possess a stronger linkeage between H-reflex amplitude and background homonymous muscle activation.
Genome-wide profiling of salt fractions maps physical properties of chromatin (2008)

We applied genome-wide profiling to successive salt-extracted fractions of micrococcal nuclease-treated Drosophila chromatin. Chromatin fractions extracted with 80 mM or 150 mM NaCl after digestion contain predominantly mononucleosomes and represent classical "active" chromatin. Profiles of these low-salt soluble fractions display phased nucleosomes over transcriptionally active genes that are locally depleted of histone H3.3 and correspond closely to profiles of histone H2Av (H2A.Z) and RNA polymerase II. This correspondence suggests that transcription can result in loss of H3.3+H2Av nucleosomes and generate low-salt soluble nucleosomes. Nearly quantitative recovery of chromatin is obtained with 600 mM NaCl; however, the remaining insoluble chromatin is enriched in actively transcribed regions. Salt-insoluble chromatin likely represents oligonucleosomes that are attached to large protein complexes. Both low-salt extracted and insoluble chromatin are rich in sequences that correspond to epigenetic regulatory elements genome-wide. The presence of active chromatin at both extremes of salt solubility suggests that these salt fractions capture bound and unbound intermediates in active processes, thus providing a simple, powerful strategy for mapping epigenome dynamics.
Development and initial testing of a novel slime mould biosensor (2014)

A plurality of whole cell biosensors have been developed using many different cell types. Biosensors incorporate biomolecular components or whole cells to facilitate specific analyte interaction; research documented here presents a novel whole cell biosensor based on the slime mould Physarum polycephalum (PP). The electrical response of PP when exposed to multiple chemicals are measured and quantified in terms of amplitude and frequency response. The PP biosensor is capable of detecting the tested chemicals and individually identifying a large number in terms of a specific shift in either oscillation frequency or amplitude. However, it does exhibit a sensitivity to environmental changes such as light level and temperature which may interfere with the detection of the target analyte but could also be used for wider sensing applications. It is proposed that this novel biosensor is capable of detecting many organic chemicals beyond those presented in this work and that the biosensor may be used for environmental monitoring and toxicity evaluation.
Operant conditioning of stochastic chemical reaction networks (2022)

Adapting one's behavior to environmental conditions and past experience is a key trait of living systems. In the biological world, there is evidence for adaptive behaviors such as learning even in naturally occurring, non-neural, single-celled organisms. In the bioengineered world, advances in synthetic cell engineering and biorobotics have created the possibility of implementing lifelike systems engineered from the bottom up. This will require the development of programmable control circuitry for such biomimetic systems that is capable of realizing such non-trivial and adaptive behavior, including modification of subsequent behavior in response to environmental feedback. To this end, we report the design of novel stochastic chemical reaction networks capable of probabilistic decision-making in response to stimuli. We show that a simple chemical reaction network motif can be tuned to produce arbitrary decision probabilities when choosing between two or more responses to a stimulus signal. We further show that simple feedback mechanisms from the environment can modify these probabilities over time, enabling the system to adapt its behavior dynamically in response to positive or negative reinforcement based on its decisions. This system thus acts as a form of operant conditioning of the chemical circuit, in the sense that feedback provided based on decisions taken by the circuit form the basis of the learning process. Our work thus demonstrates that simple chemical systems can be used to implement lifelike behavior in engineered biomimetic systems.
The stochastic Wick-type Burgers equation (1995)

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Diagnostic value of using 18F-FDG PET and PET/CT in immunocompetent patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2017)

18F-FDG PET and PET/CT showed considerable accuracy in identifying PCNSL in immunocompetent patients and could be a valuable radiological diagnostic tool for PCNSL.
Thermal and Mechanical Effects on Retention of Food-Grade ?-carotene during Extrusion Processing (2010)

To determine the separate thermal effects of extrusion, nonisothermal experiments were conducted by heating wheat flour mixed with 0.46% (w/w) food-grade ?-carotene in an oil bath nonisothermally at 149°C at 28% (w/w) moisture content. To determine the total (thermal plus mechanical) effects of extrusion on retention of trans-?-carotene, the same mixture was extruded at 30/50/70/90/110°C and 50/70/90/110/130°C (barrel temperatures feed to exit) at screw speeds of 200, 250, 300, and 400 rpm on two separate days with a dough moisture content 30% (w/w). The rate constant at 100°C, 3.56 x 10-4s-1, and activation energy, 18.82 kJ/gmol, obtained from the nonisothermal experiments were used to calculate trans-?-carotene retention due to thermal effects during extrusion. For both temperature profiles, total trans-?-carotene retention ranged from 58 - 97%. Thermal effects accounted for less than 5% of the loss, showing that mechanical effects were the predominant cause of trans-?-carotene degradation. A linear statistical model worked well for separate days of extrusion; however, an exponential model was more effective for combined days of extrusion. Overall, food-grade ?-carotene was more stable than that of pure trans-?-carotene.