gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Permeation and Sorption of Water and Gases Through EVA Copolymers Films (2002)

The transport of water and gases (pure oxygen and carbon dioxide) through poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) films of different VA contents and through a low density polyethylene LDPE (used as reference with 0 wt.% VA), was analysed by permeation and sorption measurements.In the case of water, for EVA of 70 wt.% VA, a plasticization effect on the material was observed. For EVA of 19 wt.% VA, there was no plasticization, while for EVA of 4.5 wt.% VA and for LDPE, the water diffusion coefficient decreases with increasing water. An empirical law was then found to account for the reduction of the water diffusivity. A negative plasticization effect was attributed to the formation of water clusters in these rather non polar polymers. This latter result was confirmed by sorption measurements and infra-red spectroscopy. The increase in water sorption extent with the VA content leads to a steady increase in the water permeability in the EVA copolymers.In the case of gas permeation, both for O2 and CO2 and whatever the VA content of the copolymer used, the experimental curves are characterized by a constant diffusion coefficient. This is confirmed by sorption experiments. In terms of gas permeability, EVA copolymers are characterized by low coefficients especially for oxygen. In the EVA rubbery copolymers, The O2 solubility coefficient does not increase with the VA content due to the lack of polar interactions, while the CO2 one increases due to the overall interactions between CO2 induced dipoles and the polar the VA carbonyl groups. For these copolymers, the H2O/CO2 and H2O/O2 selectivities are very high. The experimental values of the selectivities indicate that these EVA copolymers appear as good candidates for applications using high perm-selectivity properties.
High-field FT NMR application of Mosher's method. The absolute configurations of marine terpenoids (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-field FT NMR application of Mosher's method. The absolute configurations of marine terpenoidsIkuko Ohtani, Takenori Kusumi, Yoel Kashman, and Hiroshi KakisawaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 11, 4092–4096Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00011a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00011a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10802Altmetric-Citations2959LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Stereoselective Synthesis ofanti-α-(Difluoromethyl)-β-amino Alcohols by Boronic Acid Based Three-Component Condensation. Stereoselective Preparation of (2S,3R)-Difluorothreonine (2002)

Starting from optically active 3,3-difluorolactaldehyde, an alkenyl or aryl boronic acid, and an amine, a one-step three-component methodology was developed for the stereoselective preparation of anti-alpha-(difluoromethyl)-beta-amino alcohols. beta-Furyl-substituted anti-alpha-(difluoromethyl)-beta-amino alcohol was further elaborated to form (2S,3R)-difluorothreonine in high yield and ee.
Determination of Tobacco Specific Nitrosamines in Cigarette Mainstream Smoke: The CORESTA 2011 Collaborative Study (2012)

Abstract A CORESTA Recommended Method (CRM 75) has been developed and published, applicable to the quantification of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), namely, Nnitrosonornicotine (NNN), N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB), Nnitrosoanatabine (NAT) and 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in cigarette mainstream smoke. The method involves smoke collection on a Cambridge filter pad under both ISO 3308 and the intense conditions adopted by Health Canada. An internal standard solution is added to the smoke collected on the pad and, after extraction, an aliquot is separated and quantitatively analysed by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). CRM 63 involving gas chromatography coupled with a thermal energy analyser (GC-TEA) was previously developed by the CORESTA Special Analytes Group that had been set up to develop recommended methods on smoke components. However, by 2009 most laboratories had moved to similar LC-MS/MS methods for TSNA analysis and so this technique was chosen as the basis of a new CRM and to complement CRM 63. Initial joint experiments, specific experiments by single laboratories and ongoing discussions identified methodological aspects that needed to be ‘standardised’ before moving to a CRM. A joint experiment by 15 laboratories was carried out in 2010-2011 that investigated and identified important methodological features that needed to be controlled or clarified. CRM 75 was produced through a final collaborative experiment involving 20 laboratories from 12 countries using both linear and rotary smoking machines. Some notes are included in the CRM to inform other laboratories that might wish to adopt the method, concerning aspects that need to be well controlled to provide data as robust as possible and to provide similar repeatability and reproducibility data. Statistical evaluations were made according to ISO 5725 guidelines and are included. Under ISO smoking, the levels of reproducibility (R) expressed as a percentage of the mean of TSNA yields across laboratories are much greater than the levels found for “tar”, nicotine and carbon monoxide and given in the relevant ISO standards. The R value was expressed as a percentage of the mean yield amonglaboratories and across all of the studied products. Under ISO smoking R% values ranged from 25-60% for NNN; from 31-85% for NNK; from 47-58% for NAT and 40-99% for NAB. These levels are generally in line with those determined previously for TSNAs in CRM 63 and for other smoke analytes studied by the Special Analytes Group. Under ‘intense’ smoking, R% values ranged from 30-88% for NNN; from 37-79% for NNK; from 47-83% for NAT and 42-111% for NAB. A plot of R against mean yields suggests that the ‘intense’ regime gives similar or slightly worse reproducibility than the ISO regime in spite of the higher yields generated.
Search in power-law networks (2001)

Many communication and social networks have power-law link distributions, containing a few nodes that have a very high degree and many with low degree. The high connectivity nodes play the important role of hubs in communication and networking, a fact that can be exploited when designing efficient search algorithms. We introduce a number of local search strategies that utilize high degree nodes in power-law graphs and that have costs scaling sublinearly with the size of the graph. We also demonstrate the utility of these strategies on the GNUTELLA peer-to-peer network.
Portable Emissions Measurement for Retrofit Applications – The Beijing Bus Retrofit Experience (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In 2005, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) embarked on a mission to help the city of Beijing, China, clean its air. Working with the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau (BEPB), the effort was a pilot diesel retrofit demonstration program involving three basic retrofit technologies to reduce particulate matter (PM). The three basic technologies were the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), the flowthrough diesel particulate filter (FT-DPF), and the wallflow diesel particulate filter (WF-DPF). The specific retrofit systems selected for the project were verified through the California Air Resources Board (CARB) or the EPA verification protocol [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. These technologies are generally verified for PM reductions of 20-40 percent for DOCs, 40-50 percent for the FT-DPF, and 85 percent or more for the high efficiency WF-DPF. The CARB and EPA verification processes are based on the federal test procedures (FTP) transient cycle described in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. The demonstration involved using particulate matter a portable emission measurement system to evaluate PM mass concentrations both upstream and downstream from the retrofit device.&lt;/div&gt;
Adaptive polling list arrangement scheme for voice transmission with PCF in wireless LANs (2005)

Potting based PCF is the optional channel access mode in the MAC sub-layer of IEEE 802.11 WLAN. The detail of the polling list arrangement is not defined in the standards, and the traditional round robin (RR) polling scheme is inefficient for packetized voice transmission. This paper proposes two adaptive polling list arrangement schemes in order to decrease the average delay of voice packets, by means of reducing the possibility of null polls. One scheme is called dynamic descending array (DDA), which resets the polling array after each beacon at the beginning of the contention free period, in a descending order according to the number of packets queued in the stations' buffers. The other scheme combines RR and our DDA to further avoid waiting too long for some station, which is termed as hybrid DDA and RR (HDR). The improvement of DDA and HDR on delay performance of our schemes is testified in dissimilar simulation scenarios, which assumes different indoor wireless channel quality, network scale, traffic load and polling access policies etc. It is shown that the proposed DDA and HDR schemes outperform RR scheme from the delay viewpoint. What's more, the HDR works extremely well with gated access policy when the signal-to-noise ratio of the wireless channel is low and the network traffic load is high.
Fishing on chips: Up‐and‐coming technological advances in analysis of zebrafish and Xenopus embryos (2014)

Biotests performed on small vertebrate model organisms provide significant investigative advantages as compared with bioassays that employ cell lines, isolated primary cells, or tissue samples. The main advantage offered by whole-organism approaches is that the effects under study occur in the context of intact physiological milieu, with all its intercellular and multisystem interactions. The gap between the high-throughput cell-based in vitro assays and low-throughput, disproportionally expensive and ethically controversial mammal in vivo tests can be closed by small model organisms such as zebrafish or Xenopus. The optical transparency of their tissues, the ease of genetic manipulation and straightforward husbandry, explain the growing popularity of these model organisms. Nevertheless, despite the potential for miniaturization, automation and subsequent increase in throughput of experimental setups, the manipulation, dispensing and analysis of living fish and frog embryos remain labor-intensive. Recently, a new generation of miniaturized chip-based devices have been developed for zebrafish and Xenopus embryo on-chip culture and experimentation. In this work, we review the critical developments in the field of Lab-on-a-Chip devices designed to alleviate the limits of traditional platforms for studies on zebrafish and clawed frog embryo and larvae. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Prestack migration by equivalent offsets and CSP gathers (1996)

A method of prestack time migration is presented that is simpler, faster, and provides better velocity information than conventional methods. It is based on prestack Kirchhoff time migration and can be applied to both 2-D and 3-D data. The method is divided into two steps, a gathering process that forms common scatterpoint (CSP) gathers, and an imaging process using a Kirchhoff migration performed independently on each CSP gather. The CSP gathering process sums input traces into equivalent offset bins in each CSP gather with no time shifting. The equivalent offset is defined by an exact algebraic transformation of the double square root (DSR) equation of prestack time migration into a hyperbolic form. A CSP gather is similar to a CMP gather as both contain offset traces, and both represent a vertical array of scatterpoints. CSP gathers can be formed at any arbitrary location, have higher fold in their offset bins, and have a much larger offset range due to the gathering of all input traces within the migration aperture. The imaging process collapses each CSP gather into a single migrated output trace. It is performed as a Kirchhoff process which consists of scaling, filtering, normal moveout (NMO) correction, and stacking. The migration velocities are determined by conventional velocity analysis of the CSP gathers. Significant computational savings result from delaying arithmetic operations on the input samples until after the CSP gather has been formed. The high fold and large offsets of the CSP gather provide better focusing and improved velocity analysis. This space-time domain method is suitable for uneven geometries, enables velocity analysis at random locations, and permits prestack migration of a 3-D volume into an arbitrary 2-D line. It may also be adapted to migrate from topography, and to migrate converted wave (P-SV) data. Results from conventional processing of real 2-D and 3-D data are compared with the new method, demonstrating improved velocity analysis and superior migrated
Mobilizable genomic islands: going mobile with oriT mimicry (2010)

Many bacterial chromosomes contain genomic islands, large DNA segments that became incorporated into the chromosome following their horizontal transmission. However, the mechanisms that mediate the lateral transfer of genomic islands are for the most part unknown. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Daccord et al. describe a new type of transmissible genomic island that can be mobilized by co-resident integrating conjugative elements (ICEs). These 'mobilizable genomic islands' (MGIs) require many ICE-encoded factors for their transmission, including transcription activators to induce MGI excision, the relaxase to initiate transfer at the MGI oriT and the conjugation machinery to transport MGI DNA to recipient cells. However, MGIs encode their own integrases, which enable their recombination with the chromosome of a new host, as well as a variety of other genes that do not have functions related to mobility. The MGI oriT, which resembles the ICE oriT, can also serve as a site for initiation of ICE-mediated conjugative transfer of large regions of chromosomal DNA. Overall, these findings raise the possibility that mobilization of chromosomal DNA from cyptic oriTs within genomic islands or elsewhere on the chromosome could be more common place than has been previously appreciated.
Oxygen radicals stimulate thromboxane and prostacyclin synthesis and induce vasoconstriction in pig lungs (1993)

Reactive oxygen species have earlier been shown to induce vasoactive changes. In the present investigation we hypothesized that active oxygen intermediates would stimulate arachidonic acid metabolism and thereby influence the pulmonary circulation. Four groups of 8-week old pigs were studied after infusion of an oxygen radical generator. Haemodynamic changes were recorded, and thromboxane (TX)B2 (the stable metabolite of TXA2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG)F1 alpha (the stable metabolite of prostacyclin, PGI2) measured by a radioimmunoassay technique after infusion of xanthine oxidase (XO) alone or in combination with pharmacological inhibitors. In the XO group pulmonary vascular resistance increased rapidly compared to baseline levels. Maximum resistance increase was 118.4 +/- 27.5%, 25 min after the XO infusion (p < 0.05 compared to baseline). The vasoconstriction was significantly attenuated after pretreatment with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. In this group the pulmonary resistance increase was 21.2 +/- 24.3% at 25 min (p < 0.01 vs. XO group). In a group given allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor), the resistance increased by 44.3 +/- 28.8% (p < 0.02 vs. XO group), and during catalase infusion (hydrogen peroxide scavenger), the increase was 52.9 +/- 24.2% (p < 0.01 vs. XO group). Along with the pulmonary vascular pressure augmentation, we measured 1.9 fold TXB2 and 2.2 fold 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration increases in the XO group. However, both TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha formation was significantly inhibited by indomethacin (p < 0.01 respectively vs. XO group), allopurinol (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 respectively vs. XO group) and catalase (p < 0.01 and p < 0.02 respectively vs. XO group).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Circulating spatial solitons (2006)

A class of optical spatial solitons exhibiting propagation in a closed-loop orbit in a two-dimensional plane is presented. A closed-form particlelike model is derived, indicating that the quasi-centrifugal force acting on these solitons can be balanced by an inhomogeneity in the nonlinear index of refraction. Specifically, a circular-shaped nonlinear interface is shown to facilitate stable orbital propagation of solitons that carve their own circular cavity for a wide range of nonlinearity parameters.
Influence of Small Grain Crops on Weeds and Ecofallow Corn (Zea mays) (1995)

Spring small grains were not as competitive with barnyardgrass and witchgrass as winter wheat. Winter wheat grain yields were greater than spring barley or spring wheat in 1986, 1987, and 1988 and oat in 1986 and 1988. Barnyardgrass, stinkgrass, and witchgrass control with glyphosate plus 2,4-D plus atrazine at 0.6 plus 0.8 plus 1.7 kg ha −1 was usually less when the herbicides were applied to stubble of spring small grain versus winter wheat due to the advanced weed growth at treatment Barnyardgrass and witchgrass were more difficult to control than stinkgrass, redroot pigweed, tumble pigweed, kochia, and tumble thistle. No-till corn planted into winter wheat stubble had fewer barnyardgrass and witchgrass than corn planted into spring wheat stubble. The addition of metolachlor plus atrazine at 1.7 plus 0.6 kg ha −1 eliminated differences among small grain cultivars in weed control in corn. Corn grain yields from winter wheat plots were greater than other small grains in 1989 because of better weed control and more crop residue.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling: A Dried Sample Collection Technique for Quantitative Bioanalysis (2014)

Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) is a novel approach to obtaining a dried blood sample for quantitative bioanalysis that overcomes the area bias and homogeneity issues associated with conventional dried blood spot (DBS) sample when a subpunch is taken. The VAMS sampler absorbs a fixed volume of blood (∼10 μL) in 2-4 s with less than 5% volume variation across the hematocrit range of 20-70% with low tip-to-tip variability. There is no evidence of selective absorption by the tip of the plasma component over whole blood. Recommendations for best practice when collecting samples were developed based upon the results of tests examining a number of potential abuse scenarios.
Identification of a CpG Island Methylator Phenotype that Defines a Distinct Subgroup of Glioma (2020)

We have profiled promoter DNA methylation alterations in 272 glioblastoma tumors in the context of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We found that a distinct subset of samples displays concerted hypermethylation at a large number of loci, indicating the existence of a glioma-CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (G-CIMP). We validated G-CIMP in a set of non-TCGA glioblastomas and low-grade gliomas. G-CIMP tumors belong to the Proneural subgroup, are more prevalent among low-grade gliomas, display distinct copy-number alterations and are tightly associated with IDH1 somatic mutations. Patients with G-CIMP tumors are younger at the time of diagnosis and experience significantly improved outcome. These findings identify G-CIMP as a distinct subset of human gliomas on molecular and clinical grounds.
DSM (2020)

The number of cores and the capacities of main memory in modern systems have been growing significantly. Specifically, memory scaling, although at a slower pace than computation scaling, provided opportunities for very large DRAMs with Terabytes (TBs) capacity. Consequently, addressing the performance and energy consumption bottlenecks of DRAMs is more important than ever. DRAM memory refresh operation is one of the main contributing factors to the memory overheads, especially for large capacity DRAMs used in modern servers and emerging large-scale data centers. This paper addresses the memory refresh problem by leveraging the fact that most cloud servers host virtualized systems that use similar kernels, libraries, etc. We propose and experimentally evaluate a novel approach that exploits this observation to address the DRAM refresh overhead in such systems. More specifically, in this work, we present DSM, a light-weight hardware extension in memory controller to detect the pages with same content in memory and refresh only one of them and redirect the requests to the others to this page. Our detailed experimental analysis shows that the proposed DSM design can reduce 99th percentile memory access latency by up to 2.01x, and it also reduces the overall memory energy consumption by up to 8.5%.
FIBRIN ACTIVATABLE UROKINASE (FA-UK): A LATENT FORM OF UK IN URINE RELATED TO A COMPLEX WITH AN INHIBITOR/FIBRIN-BINDING CO-FACTOR OF UK AND POSSIBLY OF PRO-UK (1987)

The plasminogen activator activity in urine, expressed in IU, was found to be consistently 2-3 fold higher by fibrin plate assay than against amidolytic substrate (S-2444). Moreover, when the S-2444 assay was preceded by incubation of urine with soluble fibrin, a similar 2-3 fold increase in activity was found. The fibrin effect was dose-dependent and specific for various forms of soluble fibrin but not fibrinogen. The fibrin activatable activity was inhibited by antibodies to UK and was termed FA-UK. About 1/3 of the total UK activity in freshly voided urine was composed of FA-UK. The relative FA-UK content of urine was found to be enhanced by concentration. The FA-UK bound to fibrin/Celite. By gel filtration (S-200) of urine or by zymography, the MW of FA-UK was - 100K. Pretreatment of the samples with soluble fibrin prior to SDS-PAGE enhanced the amount but not the position of the FA-UK activity on the zymogram, indicating that the complex was not dissociated by fibrin. Pretreatment with hydroxylamine (1M) eradicated the FA-UK activity in urine. Addition of UK or pro-UK to urine followed by concentration (X10), increased the 100K band on the zymogram. Under conditions of this experiment, it was shown that little conversion of pro-UK to UK occurred suggesting that complexation occurs with pro-UK as well as with UK. Moreover, a - 100K FA-UK band on zymography was demonstrated afer addition of pro-UK to urine treated with DFP (5mM) or GGAck (20juM) to inactivate UK. It was concluded that a - 50K inhibitor in urine, with properties similar to an inhibitor described by Stump et al (JBC 261:12759, 86), acts as a co-factor for fibrin binding of UK and possibly also of pro-UK. It is speculated that this co-factor may contribute to the fibrin-specificity of pro-UK by localizing both it and its activated derivative, UK, to the fibrin surface.
Hypnotherapy as a Nonpharmacological Treatment for the Psychological Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis. (2023)

Hypnosis is an appropriate psychological therapy for the management of MS patients' symptoms.