gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Aspects of the Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of CO2 to Formic AcidA Theoretical and Kinetic Study, (1997)

The mechanism of the rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid was investigated by initial rate measurements using the complex [(dppp)Rh(hfacac)] (A) (dppp = Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2, hfacac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate) as a catalyst precursor in DMSO/NEt3 and by ab initio calculations using cis-[(H3P)2Rh] as a model fragment for the catalytically active site. The kinetic data are consistent with a mechanism that involves rate limiting product formation by liberation of formic acid from an intermediate that is formed via two reversible reactions of the actual catalytically active species first with CO2 and then with H2. The calculations provide for the first time a theoretical analysis of the full catalytic cycle of CO2 hydrogenation. They give detailed insight into the structure of possible intermediates and their transformations during the individual steps. The results suggest σ-bond metathesis as an alternative low energy pathway to a classical oxidative addition/reductive elimination sequence for the reaction of the formate intermediate with dihydrogen.
Clinical management of prepubertal periodontitis in 2 siblings with Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome (1987)

The development of prepubertal periodontitis in Papillon-Lefévre syndrome (PLS) has been studied in 2 siblings, 12 and 8 years of age, since they were 5 and 3 years of age, respectively. Results of the treatment which comprised mechanical and chemical plaque control as well as systemic tetracycline medication, are reported. Extraction of temporary teeth, resulting in edentulousness prior to eruption of permanent teeth in the youngest child seemed to prevent destructive periodontitis from developing in the permanent dentition. After institution of continuous tetracycline medication in the oldest child at the age of 10 years, periodontitis with attachment loss did not occur in new sites. The possible rôle of specific micro-organisms in the progression of PLS-periodontitis is discussed.
Feature - Equalization in high-speed communication systems (2004)

The article first discusses the major non-ideal issues of low-cost transmission media for over Gbps data transmissions - the frequency dispersion loss and channel noise. The former causes ISI in received signal, which presents difficulty for clock and data recovery at high frequencies and results higher BER. The latter further degrades the received signal quality and further limits the data transmission rate and transmission distance. Then, two equalization approaches - transmitter pre-emphasis and receiver equalization, are reviewed, in addition to various adaptation criteria and algorithms.
Dimensionless Parameters for Evaluation of Thermal Design and Performance of Large-scale Data Centers (2002)

Large-scale data centers (~20,000m 2 ) will be the major energy consumers of the next generation. The trend towards deployment of computer systems in large numbers, in very dense configurations in racks in a data center, has resulted in very high power densities at room level. Due to high heat loads (~3MWs) in an interconnected environment, data center design based on simple energy balance with zones, is inadequate. Energy consumption of data centers can be severely increased by inadequate air handling systems and rack layouts that allow the hot and cold air streams to mix. In this paper, for the first time, we formulate nondimensional parameters to evaluate the thermal design and performance of large-scale data centers. The parameters, based on temperature and flow data, reflect the convective heat transfer and fluid flow inside the data center. These parameters have been formulated as indices that are scalable from rack level to data center level. To provide a proof of concept, computational fluid dynamic models of data centers are used to validate and demonstrate these indices. A first level design of experiment study is carried out to understand the effect of geometry and data center workload on the parameters. Different data center configurations are also investigated to understand the effectiveness of these parameters in specific cases. These parameters will not only provide an invaluable tool to understand convective heat transfer in large data centers but also suggest means to improve energy efficiency in data centers. Motivation
EDITORIAL (2005)

During a number of years, the production of Physica Scripta has been taken care of by Lindsay Ross International Ltd (now part of Marston Books Ltd). The editorial office of Physica Scripta has worked in close collaboration with the production company and many routines have been developed in joint efforts. The present issue of Physica Scripta is the last produced by LRI/Marston and I would like to take this opportunity to thank all our collaborators at the production company for their contributions to the success of our journal during this extended period of cooperation.
Carbon fiber-reinforced gelatin composites. I. Preparation and mechanical properties (2000)

Composites were made from carbon fibers and gelatin using a solvent-casting or solution-impregnation technique. Relationships between the fiber volume fraction (Vf), glycerol (plasticizer) content, gelatin content, fiber form, and mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus, elongation at break, and shear strength) of the composites were investigated. In long carbon fiber gelatin composite (CL/Gel), tensile strength, modulus, and shear strength increased steadily with the Vf. In the case of a short carbon fiber gelatin composite (CS/Gel), an initial improvement in tensile strength and modulus was followed by a reduction, whereas the shear strength improved with the Vf and then reached a constant value. The elongation decreased with the Vf for both composites. It is shown that CL/Gel had higher values of strength, modulus, and elongation than did CS/Gel at any Vf level. The effects of glycerol and gelatin contents on the mechanical properties of the composites were found to be much less significant as compared to the Vf. According to scanning electron microscopic observation of the fracture surfaces, the fibers were uniformly distributed in the gelatin matrix, but the interfacial adhesion between the gelatin matrix and the carbon fibers was not very good for both composites. Fiber surface modification would be necessary to further improve the mechanical properties of the two composites. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 987–993, 2000
Motion adaptive 3D Y/C separation algorithm using motion estimation and motion compensation (2001)

This paper proposes an advanced motion adaptive three-dimensional (3-D) Y/C separation algorithm for NTSC signals. The basic principle of Y/C separation processing uses the fact that the phase information in a composite signal inverses every horizontal pixel, vertical line, and temporal field/frame. As such, this phase inversion characteristic is used to separate the Y and C components from a composite signal through an addition and subtraction operation. However, inaccurate separation introduces deterioration in quality, such as cross color and cross luminance, due to lack of regard for motion information. Accordingly, to acquire accurate movement information, the proposed algorithm uses a 2-D separated Y signal for detecting moving regions and estimates a motion vector using BMA-based motion estimation. Thereafter, the Y and C components are separated using the phase inversion characteristic and motion compensation (MC). Experimental results demonstrated a significant reduction in cross color and cross luminance in moving pattern regions.
Asymmetric Adiabatic Pulses for NH Selection (1999)

Many types of NMR experiments demand the use of frequency-selective pulses to invert magnetization within discrete frequency limits. For certain experiments, only one side of the inversion band must be sharply demarcated, in which case this transition bandwidth can be narrowed when using an asymmetric adiabatic full passage. In the present study, a highly efficient asymmetric adiabatic full passage was created from a combination of two adiabatic half passages which used different modulation functions (HS12 and tanh/tan). Each adiabatic half passage occupied a different amount of time in the total pulse and performed one-half of the inversion. On one side, HS12 produced a sharp transition between inverted and noninverted states which was approximately 2.5 times narrower than the transition bandwidth afforded by a symmetric hyperbolic secant pulse of equal length. On the other side of the narrow transition band, the tanh/tan pulse achieved broadband inversion. These asymmetric pulses were applied to select NH groups immediately adjacent to the water signal in water-flip-back HSQC experiments using a double spin echo for the reverse INEPT step.
Removing error floor for bit interleaved coded modulation MIMO transmission with iterative detection (2005)

We present a method to remove the error floor of an iterative bit interleaved coded modulation MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) system when Gray mapping is used without shifting the position of the turbo cliff to higher SNR. To do so, code doping is applied by introducing an additional rate 1 inner encoder. We optimize doping rate and outer code by using the EXIT chart. Simulations reveal transmission without error floor for a rate 1/2, 4 /spl times/ 4 MIMO system with 16-QAM per antenna, resulting in a transmission of 8 information bits per channel use, with a turbo cliff position that is 2 dB smaller compared to state of the art.
High Voltage Driver for RSFQ Digital Signal Processor (2007)

We present an Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) based high voltage driver (HVD) developed for the first amplification stage of a hybrid semiconductor-superconductor memory interface for the RSFQ digital signal processor. Implementation of the driver allows to eliminate the impedance mismatch between RSFQ and standard 50 Omega input of semiconductor electronics and increases the signal-to-noise ratio to reach reliable signal transmission with sufficiently low bit error rate. The driver design is based on the serial stack of 8 SQUIDs with specially configured ground-cuts that form a quasi-coplanar line with 50 Omega impedance. The impedance of the driver has been extracted using 3D EM simulators that accurately take into account multilayer structure and capacitance to the ground. The circuit has been designed for the Hypres 4.5 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> process. The driver was simulated numerically in PSCAN. The driver can produce output signal at 1 Gbit/s speed and 2.4 mV signal level that is enough to be sensed by low-noise amplifier on the further amplification stage.
A cooperative aggregation-based architecture for vehicle-to-grid communications (2011)

In the future Intelligent Transportation Systems, vehicles will be equipped with special units giving them the capacity to communicate wirelessly. Furthermore, electric vehicles are expected to take a bigger part of the market in the future. Global preoccupations to reduce carbon emissions and stimulate the use of renewable and sustainable energies have motivated the concept of vehicle to-grid power, which integrates the electric vehicles within the smart grid (the electricity network of the future). The vehicle-to-grid vision aims to take advantage of these battery equipped vehicles, using them as a storage device for intermittent energy sources, and as a power resource to provide ancillary services to the power grid. This paper focuses on the architectural needs of such a system, specifically at the communications level. It also presents an agent based model for an aggregative system for vehicle-to-grid communications. The agent-based approach will allow the distributed architecture to benefit from a variety of well established communication and cooperation mechanisms and methods that can be applied to the vehicle-to-grid concept.
Who is the Hero? - Semi-supervised Person Re-identification in Videos (2014)

Given a crowd-sourced set of videos of a crowded public event, this paper addresses the problem of detecting and re-identifying all appearances of every individual in the scene. The persons are ranked according to the frequency of their appearance and the rank of a person is considered as the measure of his/her importance. Grouping appearances of every person from such videos is a very challenging task. This is due to unavailability of prior information or training data, large changes in illumination, huge variations in camera viewpoints, severe occlusions and videos from different photographers. These problems are made tractable by exploiting a variety of visual and contextual cues i.e., appearance, sensor data and co-occurrence of people. A unified framework is proposed for efficient person matching across videos followed by their ranking. Experimental results on two challenging video data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Urban eco-warriors [power sustainable cities] (2010)

Designed and constructed by 22 University of Kansas architecture students, electricity is provided by three 600W turbines to the rear of the building while solar PV panels are sited on the ground and roof. Solar lighting is installed, recycled building materials have been used and a geothermal heat pump heats and cools the building. Rainwater, harvested through gutters and down-spouts into a cistern, waters the outside yard through a pump system, while a white roof reflects heat.
Method for Diagnosing Photovoltaic Array Fault in Solar Photovoltaic System (2011)

Solar photovoltaic(PV) array power generation, as a utilization form of solar energy, has been widely applied in solar generator systems throughout the world. Effective guarantee of PV array normal power generation, rapid and accurate detection of fault location and the prediction of fault occurrence are of great significance. This paper, based on the analysis of solar photovoltaic power generation performance, raises new voltage and current detection method. The original current and voltage detection method can not distinguish the environmental factors which causes the decrease in power generation capacity. This new test method can overcome such defect, and can accurately judge the location where cell array fault occurs; this technology is very important to safe and reliable operation of solar photovoltaic generation system and the improvement of power generation efficiency.
The Longitudinal Study of Liver Cysts in Patients With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Polycystic Liver Disease (2016)

The reduction of parenchyma was accompanied by the growth of liver cysts during time course in PCLD patients with ADPKD.
Fiber Bragg gratings for dispersion compensation in transmission: theoretical model and design criteria for nearly ideal pulse recompression (1997)

We propose a transmission-based dispersion compensator employing an apodized, unchirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG). A theoretical model for dispersion compensation in transmission based on the dispersive properties of the periodic structure is developed. A figure of merit is defined for optimization of the grating parameters for maximum recompression of dispersion-broadened optical pulses in long-haul communication systems. Numerical examples confirm that nearly perfect compensation with very low insertion losses can be achieved for many practical cases of interest.
Aptamer-Based Therapeutics: New Approaches to Combat Human Viral Diseases (2013)

Viruses replicate inside the cells of an organism and continuously evolve to contend with an ever-changing environment. Many life-threatening diseases, such as AIDS, SARS, hepatitis and some cancers, are caused by viruses. Because viruses have small genome sizes and high mutability, there is currently a lack of and an urgent need for effective treatment for many viral pathogens. One approach that has recently received much attention is aptamer-based therapeutics. Aptamer technology has high target specificity and versatility, i.e., any viral proteins could potentially be targeted. Consequently, new aptamer-based therapeutics have the potential to lead a revolution in the development of anti-infective drugs. Additionally, aptamers can potentially bind any targets and any pathogen that is theoretically amenable to rapid targeting, making aptamers invaluable tools for treating a wide range of diseases. This review will provide a broad, comprehensive overview of viral therapies that use aptamers. The aptamer selection process will be described, followed by an explanation of the potential for treating virus infection by aptamers. Recent progress and prospective use of aptamers against a large variety of human viruses, such as HIV-1, HCV, HBV, SCoV, Rabies virus, HPV, HSV and influenza virus, with particular focus on clinical development of aptamers will also be described. Finally, we will discuss the challenges of advancing antiviral aptamer therapeutics and prospects for future success.
A coherent population trapping Cs vapor cell atomic clock based on push-pull optical pumping (2015)

International audience
Influence of Processing Conditions on Melt Blown Web Structure: Part 1 – DCD (2004)

We begin an effort to quantitatively measure the influence of processing conditions on the detailed structure of commercial polypropylene melt blown (MB) webs. In this paper, we report the influence of die-to-collector distance (DCD) on fiber entanglement, fiber orientation and pore structure in webs. This enabled us to quantify the influence of DCD on web structure as well as achieve greater understanding of the commercial MB process.
Oral beclomethasone dipropionate: a topically active corticosteroid for the treatment of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (2007)

Beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) is a topically active anti-inflammatory corticosteroid. Oral BDP is metabolized in the intestine to a potent metabolite, 17-beclomethasone monopropionate (17-BMP). An oral formulation (orBec; DOR BioPharma), consisting of a gastric release and an enteric-coated pill, was studied in patients with acute gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease, an inflammatory disorder that is common after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Randomized trials demonstrated that orBec is safe and effective in treating acute gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) when used with a short induction course of prednisone, reducing the risk of GVHD treatment failure by > 60% and reducing mortality 1 year after randomization by 45%, with fewer deaths due to infection and recurrent malignancy. The type of conditioning and the type of donor had no effect on the frequency of GVHD treatment failure during the 80-day study period; the greatest benefit in terms of survival was among patients who had received reduced-intensity conditioning therapy and among those who received a graft from other than a human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling. orBec controls the intestinal inflammatory process of GVHD and avoids prolonged exposure to prednisone, which is the present standard of care. Oral BDP is the only therapy to be studied in the last 30 years to effectively treat acute GVHD and reduce mortality.
Adaptive rate control for H.264/AVC using Kalman filter (2006)

This paper proposes a new algorithm for H.264 rate control. First, we estimate the frame target bit based on the proportional-integral-derivative (RAPID) buffer control to avoid the buffer overflow or underflow. With the frame target bit, we use the quadratic R-D model to estimate the frame quantization parameter (QP). Finally, we apply Kalman filter to further dynamically adjust macroblock QP to achieve accurate bit rate while maximizing the picture quality and simultaneously handling buffer fullness. In comparison with JM7.6, our scheme provides better video quality with reduced PSNR variations and less buffer overflow/underflow even at low bit rate. Most of all, our scheme also achieves an average PSNR gain of 0.127dB and generates coding bits close to target bits due to the accurate MB QP of Kalman filter estimator
Effects of Cu Precursor on the Performance of Efficient CdTe Solar Cells (2021)

Copper (Cu) incorporation is a key process for fabricating efficient CdTe-based thin-film solar cells and has been used in CdTe-based solar cell module manufacturing. Here, we investigate the effects of different Cu precursors on the performance of CdTe-based thin-film solar cells by incorporating Cu using a metallic Cu source (evaporated Cu) and ionic Cu sources (solution-processed cuprous chloride (CuCl) and copper chloride (CuCl<sub>2</sub>)). We find that ionic Cu precursors offer much better control in Cu diffusion than the metallic Cu precursor, producing better front junction quality, lower back-barrier heights, and better bulk defect property. Finally, outperforming power conversion efficiencies of 17.2 and 17.5% are obtained for devices with cadmium sulfide and zinc magnesium oxide as the front window layers, respectively, which are among the highest reported CdTe solar cells efficiencies. Our results suggest that an ionic Cu precursor is preferred as the dopant to fabricate efficient CdTe thin-film solar cells and modules.
An Introduction to Biological Oceanography. (1992)

Oil-dependent countries face a twin-shock: in addition to the COVID-19 outbreak, they are facing an oil price collapse. In this paper, we study the impact of this dual shock on the forecasted GDP growth in Africa using the COVID-19 outbreak as a natural experiment. We use the IMF World Economic Outlook's GDP growth forecasts before and after the outbreak. We find that COVID-19 related deaths result in -2.75 percentage points forecasted GDP growth loss in the all sample while oil-dependence induces -7.6 percentage points loss. We document that the joint shock entails higher forecasted growth loss in oil-dependent economies (-10.75 percentage points). Based on oil price forecasts and our empirical findings, we identify five recovery policies with high potential: social safety net policy, economic diversification, innovation and technological transformation, fiscal discipline, and climate-friendly recovery policy.
Fabrication of carbon-based nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and electromagnetic properties (2015)

Epoxy-based vinyl ester nanocomposites filled with graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) are developed for applications as radar absorbing materials at radio frequency. The main scope of this study is the scale-up of the fabrication process of nanocomposites with improved mechanical and electromagnetic properties, for large-scale aeronautical application. To this purpose the use of commercially available GNP-powders is investigated. The percolation curve of the nanocomposite is derived from measurements of the DC conductivity for increasing filler concentration. DMA analyses are performed in order to investigate the mechanical properties of the material. The obtained results demonstrate a good correlation between the electrical and mechanical properties of the produced material.
Longitudinal Proximity Effects in Superconducting Transition-Edge Sensors (2010)

We have found experimentally that the critical current of a square thin-film superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) depends exponentially upon the side length L and the square root of the temperature T, a behavior that has a natural theoretical explanation in terms of longitudinal proximity effects if the TES is regarded as a weak link between superconducting leads. As a consequence, the effective transition temperature T{c} of the TES is current dependent and at fixed current scales as 1/L{2}. We have also found that the critical current can show clear Fraunhofer-like oscillations in an applied magnetic field, similar to those found in Josephson junctions. We have observed the longitudinal proximity effect in these devices over extraordinarily long lengths up to 290 microm, 1450 times the mean-free path.