gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Moving beyond threshold-based dichotomous classification to improve the accuracy in classifying non-responders (2018)

We examined maximal oxygen consumption responses following exercise training to demonstrate the limitations associated with threshold-based dichotomous classification of responders and non-responders and proposed alternative methods for classification. Specifically, we: 1) calculated individual probabilities of response, and 2) classified individuals using response confidence intervals (CI) and reference points of zero and a smallest worthwhile change of 0.5 METs. Our findings support the use of individual probabilities and individual CIs to improve the accuracy in non-response classification.
Foam Mobility Control for Surfactant Enhanced Oil Recovery (2010)

Summary Foam generated in situ by surfactant-alternating-gas (SAG) injection is demonstrated as a substitute for polymer drive in the alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) process. Foam is also effective in a similar process for a 266-cp crude oil, even though the system did not have enough polymer for favorable mobility control. Foam is shown to enhance sweep efficiency greatly in a layered sandpack with a 19:1 permeability ratio. Foam diverted surfactant solution from the high-permeability layer to the low-permeability layer. Ahead of the foam front, liquid in the low-permeability layer crossflowed into the high-permeability layer. A layered system with a 19:1 permeability contrast could be completely swept in 1.3 total pore volumes (TPV) with foam, while waterflood required 8 pore volumes (PV).
MistForm (2017)

We present MistForm, a shape changing fog display that can support one or two users interacting with either 2D or 3D content. Mistform combines affordances from both shape changing interfaces and mid-air displays. For example, a concave display can maintain content in comfortable reach for a single user, while a convex shape can support several users engaged on individual tasks. MistForm also enables unique interaction possibilities by exploiting the synergies between shape changing interfaces and mid-air fog displays. For instance, moving the screen will affect the brightness and blurriness of the screen at specific locations around the display, creating spaces with similar (collaboration) or different visibility (personalized content). We describe the design of MistForm and analyse its inherent challenges, such as image distortion and uneven brightness on dynamic curved surfaces. We provide a machine learning approach to characterize the shape of the screen and a rendering algorithm to remove aberrations. We finally explore novel interactive possibilities and reflect on their potential and limitations.
Pressure Mapping Using Nanocomposite-Enhanced Foam and Machine Learning (2022)

Pressure mapping has garnered considerable interest in the healthcare and robotic industries. Low-cost and large-area compliant devices, as well as fast and effective computational algorithms, have been proposed in the last few years to facilitate distributed pressure sensing. One approach is to use electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to reconstruct the contact pressure distribution of piezoresistive materials. While tremendous success has been demonstrated, conventional algorithms may be unsuitable for real-time monitoring due to its computational demand and runtime. Moreover, the low resolution of reconstructed images is a well-known issue related to the regularization strategies typically employed for traditional EIT methods. Therefore, in this study, two different supervised machine learning (ML) approaches, namely, radial basis function networks and deep neural networks, were employed to efficiently solve the inverse EIT problem and improve the resolution of reconstructed pressure maps. The demonstration of high-resolution pressure mapping, specifically, for identifying pressure hotspots, was achieved using a carbon nanotube-based thin film integrated with foam.
A Fully Analytical Model for the Series Impedance of Through-Silicon Vias With Consideration of Substrate Effects and Coupling With Horizontal Interconnects (2011)

This paper introduces a fully analytical and physical model capable of extracting high-frequency series impedance of through-silicon vias (TSVs) in 3-D integrated chips with consideration of the eddy currents in the surrounding Si substrate and coupling with horizontal interconnects. The model employs the vertical-to-vertical and horizontal-to-vertical 3D vector potential Green's function in layered media and is concise and sufficiently accurate in the entire range of interest for both the frequency and the center-to-center distance between TSVs. Along with the series impedances between horizontal wires, which are extracted from the discrete complex image method, as well as the TSV and horizontal wire capacitance values, the total loop impedance can be obtained. Our approach is verified against a full-wave finite- element-method electromagnetic solver High Frequency Structure Simulator, and it shows good accuracy (<; 7% error) in the entire frequency range examined (up to 100 GHz). Given the fact that the formulated TSV series impedance model is purely analytical, the model could be efficiently used for system-level interconnect impedance extraction in emerging 3-D integrated systems.
Donor activation in the T4 RNA ligase reaction (1985)

T4 RNA ligase catalyzes the adenylation of donor oligonucleotide substrates. These activated intermediates react with an acceptor oligonucleotide which results in phosphodiester bond formation and the concomitant release of AMP. Adenylation of the four common nucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphates as catalyzed by T4 RNA ligase in the absence of an acceptor oligonucleotide has been examined. The extents of product formation indicate that pCp is the best substrate in the reaction and pGp is the poorest. Kinetic parameters for the joining reaction between the preadenylated nucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphates, A(5')pp(5')Cp or A(5')pp(5')Gp, and a good acceptor substrate (ApApA) or a poor acceptor substrate (UpUpU) have been determined. The apparent Km values for both preadenylated donors in the joining reaction are similar, and the reaction velocity is much faster than observed in the overall joining reaction. The nonnucleotide adenylated substrate P1-(5'-adenosyl) P2-(o-nitrobenzyl) diphosphate also exhibits a similar apparent Km but reacts with a velocity 80-fold slower than the adenylated nucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphates. By use of preadenylated donors, oligonucleotide substrates can be elongated more efficiently than occurs with the nucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphates.
A novel electrophysiological technique for locating cutaneous nociceptive and chemospecific receptors (1988)

Conventional electrophysiological techniques for locating a cutaneous nociceptive receptor involve squeezing of the skin in the distribution of the nerve. A novel technique for locating nociceptive and chemospecific receptors has been developed, based on the coupling of action potential activity that occurs between two unmyelinated fibers in the peripheral nerve. Application of a punctate cold probe to the skin increases the latency of the coupled action potential when it is placed on the receptive field of the cutaneous receptor. More than half of the receptors which were located using this technique did not respond to mechanical or heat stimuli and therefore would not have been found using the standard search technique. Preliminary evidence suggests that some of these non-mechano-heat-sensitive receptors may be chemospecific receptors.
Analgesic effects of different frequencies of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on cold-induced pain in normal subjects (1989)

The efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in producing analgesia in cold-induced pain was assessed using a range of 5 stimulating frequencies (10 Hz, 20 Hz, 40 Hz, 80 Hz and 160 Hz) in 83 normal healthy subjects. TENS significantly elevated ice pain threshold when compared with sham and control groups. TENS frequencies between 20 and 80 Hz produced greatest analgesia, while frequencies below and above this level (10 Hz and 160 Hz), although significantly elevating ice pain threshold, produced effects of a lesser magnitude. The frequency of pulse delivery was the governing factor as no significant differences in stimulus intensity were observed across the treatment groups. Measurement of ice pain tolerance was found to be unreliable under the present conditions. No significant relationships were observed between personality variables as measured by Eysenck Personality Questionnaires and the degree of TENS response.
Approximating the discrete time-cost tradeoff problem with bounded depth (2020)

We revisit the deadline version of the discrete time-cost tradeoff problem for the special case of bounded depth. Such instances occur for example in VLSI design. The depth of an instance is the number of jobs in a longest chain and is denoted by $d$. We prove new upper and lower bounds on the approximability. First we observe that the problem can be regarded as a special case of finding a minimum-weight vertex cover in a $d$-partite hypergraph. Next, we study the natural LP relaxation, which can be solved in polynomial time for fixed $d$ and -- for time-cost tradeoff instances -- up to an arbitrarily small error in general. Improving on prior work of Lovász and of Aharoni, Holzman and Krivelevich, we describe a deterministic algorithm with approximation ratio slightly less than $\frac{d}{2}$ for minimum-weight vertex cover in $d$-partite hypergraphs for fixed $d$ and given $d$-partition. This is tight and yields also a $\frac{d}{2}$-approximation algorithm for general time-cost tradeoff instances. We also study the inapproximability and show that no better approximation ratio than $\frac{d+2}{4}$ is possible, assuming the Unique Games Conjecture and $\text{P}\neq\text{NP}$. This strengthens a result of Svensson, who showed that under the same assumptions no constant-factor approximation algorithm exists for general time-cost tradeoff instances (of unbounded depth). Previously, only APX-hardness was known for bounded depth.
An improved method for the small scale preparation of bacteriophage DNA based on phage precipitation by zinc chloride (1991)

Procedures which allow the rapid extraction of small amounts of phage DNA in a sufficiently pure form as to be digested with restriction enzymes are an important tool in the analysis of recombinant clones. This communication describes an alternative procedure to the current method of polyethylene glycol (PEG) sedimentation followed by phenol extractions (1), which is based on the precipitating action of zinc chloride (ZnCl2).
Kinetic and CD/MCD Spectroscopic Studies of the Atypical, Three-His-Ligated, Non-Heme Fe2+ Center in Diketone Dioxygenase: The Role of Hydrophilic Outer Shell Residues in Catalysis (2010)

Diketone cleaving enzyme (Dke1) is a dioxygenase with an atypical, three-histidine-ligated, mononuclear non-heme Fe(2+) center. To assess the role in enzyme catalysis of the hydrophilic residues in the active site pocket, residues Glu98, Arg80, Tyr70, and Thr107 were subjected to mutational analysis. Steady state and pre-steady state kinetics indicated a role for Glu98 in promoting both substrate binding and O(2) reduction. Additionally, the Glu98 substitution eliminated the pH dependence of substrate binding (k(cat)(app)/K(M)(app)-pH profile) present in wild-type Dke1 (pK(a) = 6.3 +/- 0.4 and 8.4 +/- 0.4). MCD spectroscopy revealed that the Glu98 --> Gln mutation leads to the conversion of the six-coordinate (6C) resting Fe(2+) center present in the wild-type enzyme at pH 7.0 to a mixture of five-coordinate (5C) and 6C sites. The 6C geometry was restored with a pH shift to 9.5 which also resulted in ligand field (LF) energy splittings identical to that found for wild-type (WT) Dke1 at pH 9.5. In WT Dke1, these LF transitions are shifted up in energy by approximately 300 cm(-1) at pH 9.5 relative to pH 7.0. These data, combined with CD pH titrations which reveal a pK(a) of approximately 8.2 for resting WT Dke1 and the Glu98 --> Gln variant, indicate the deprotonation of a metal-ligated water. Together, the kinetic and spectroscopic data reveal a stabilizing effect of Glu98 on the 6C geometry of the metal center, priming it for substrate ligation. Arg80 and Tyr70 are shown to promote O(2) reduction, while Thr107 stabilizes the Fe(II) cofactor.
Optimization of medium for lipase production by Acinetobacter haemolyticus from healthy human skin. (2010)

A lipase producing Acinetobacter haemolyticus TA106 was isolated from healthy human skin of tribal population. The maximum activity of 55 U/ml was observed after medium optimization using the "one variable at a time" and the statistical approaches. The optimal composition of the medium was determined as (% w/v or v/v): tryptone--1, yeast extract--0.5, sodium chloride-1, olive oil-1, Tween-80 1, manganese sulphate--5 mM, sucrose--1, pH-7. It was found that maximum production occurred in late log phase, i.e., after 72 h and at 200 rpm. From factorial design and statistical analysis, it was found that pH, temperature, salt, inoculum density and aeration significantly affected the lipase production. It was also noted that inoculum density of 3% (v/v), sucrose (1% w/v) and manganese sulphate (5 mM) displayed maximum lipase activity of 55 U/ml by conventional as well as statistical method. Optimization studies also indicated the increase in specific activity from 0.2 U/mg to 6.7 U/mg.
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENT‐SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF A 2‐(ARYLSULFONYL)ALLYL SYSTEM (1976)

Abstract Arylsulfenylchloride (II) reagieren mit dem Olefin (I) zu Addukten (III), die nach Oxidation zu Sulfonen (IV) in die Olefine (V) übergeführt und dann mit NBS zu (VI) bromiert werden.
Synthesis, Characterization, Physical and Processing Properties of New TPEs: Star-Blocks Comprising Multiple Polystyrene-b-Polyisobutylene Arms Radiating from a Polydivinylbenzene Core (1998)

Abstract The synthesis of the title star-block thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) was accomplished by linking living polystyrene- b -polyisobutylene ( PSt-b-PIB ⊕ ) diblocks with divinylbenzene. Linking was fast and high yields of star-block polymers were obtained. The products were characterized by a variety of techniques. The physical and processing properties of the star-blocks have been investigated and they were found to exhibit superior tensile properties and lower melt viscosities to those of similar linear triblock copolymers.
LP‐2: Late‐News Poster: Investigation and Analysis of a Design for Seamless Tiling of LCD Displays Based on PL‐LCD Architecture (2003)

Abstract In this paper we present the aspects of designing a seamless display using tiled Photoluminescent LCD PL‐LCD imaging elements. The method described combines a single LED backlight source, projection and beam shaping optics, LC pixel block and a photoluminescent screen, all of which make up a single element, which then in principle, allows tiling of arbitrary large displays using typical LCDs. Nevertheless, spatial variation in brightness, optical distortion and liquid crystal effects impose system design limitations and also cause front face appearance problems. All of these are reported and possible solutions described.
Apparatus for the joining of ceramics using microwave hybrid heating (1995)

An apparatus was designed and constructed to facilitate the joining of ceramics in a microwave field. The microwave unit used is a modified Goldstar MA-1172M household microwave oven. The maximum load that can be applied is 2.24 kN. Temperature can be monitored with either a shielded type R thermocouple or an optical pyrometer. Measurements of the temperature and applied load are collected remotely.
A study of sub-pixel motion estimation using phase correlation (2006)

We propose a method for obtaining high-accuracy sub-pixel motion estimates using phase correlation. Our method is motivated by recently published analysis according to which the Fourier inverse of the normalized cross-power spectrum of pairs of images which have been mutually shifted by a fractional amount can be approximated by a two-dimensional sinc function. We use a modified version of such a function to obtain a sub-pixel estimate of motion by means of variable-separable fitting in the vicinity of the maximum peak of the phase correlation surface. We demonstrate that our method outperforms, in terms of sub-pixel accuracy, not only other surface fitting techniques but also the state-of-the-art in motion estimation using phase correlation including the technique that motivated our work in the first place. Furthermore our method performs particularly well in the presence of artificially induced additive white Gaussian noise and also offers better motion vector coherence in terms of zero-order entropy.
Data from Beclin 1 Promotes Endosome Recruitment of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Tyrosine Kinase Substrate to Suppress Tumor Proliferation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Beclin 1 has nonautophagic functions that include its ability to regulate endocytic receptor trafficking. However, the contribution of this function to tumor suppression is poorly understood. Here, we provide &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; evidence that Beclin 1 suppresses tumor proliferation by regulating the endocytic trafficking and degradation of the EGFR and transferrin (TFR1) receptors. Beclin 1 promoted endosomal recruitment of hepatocyte growth factor tyrosine kinase substrate (HRS), which was necessary for sorting surface receptors to intraluminal vesicles for signal silencing and lysosomal degradation. In tumors with low Beclin 1 expression, endosomal HRS recruitment was diminished and receptor function was sustained. Collectively, our results demonstrate a novel role for Beclin 1 in impeding tumor growth by coordinating the regulation of key growth factor and nutrient receptors. These data provide an explanation for how low levels of Beclin 1 facilitate tumor proliferation and contribute to poor cancer outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Beclin 1 controls the trafficking fate of growth regulatory receptors to suppress tumor proliferation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Processing of pulse oximeter signals using adaptive filtering and autocorrelation to isolate perfusion and oxygenation components (2005)

A blood perfusion and oxygenation sensor has been developed for <i>in situ</i> monitoring of transplanted organs. In processing <i>in situ</i> data, motion artifacts due to increased perfusion can create invalid oxygenation saturation values. In order to remove the unwanted artifacts from the pulsatile signal, adaptive filtering was employed using a third wavelength source centered at 810nm as a reference signal. The 810 nm source resides approximately at the isosbestic point in the hemoglobin absorption curve where the absorbance of light is nearly equal for oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. Using an autocorrelation based algorithm oxygenation saturation values can be obtained without the need for large sampling data sets allowing for near real-time processing. This technique has been shown to be more reliable than traditional techniques and proven to adequately improve the measurement of oxygenation values in varying perfusion states.
Taxing the untouchables who profit from organised crime (2003)

Examines the use of taxation as an alternative means of bringing otherwise untouchable criminals to justice and putting their businesses out of action, focusing on Australia and the USA as countries which have achieved success through innovative use of taxation laws. Looks at the blind eye that the UK Inland Revenue has historically turned towards taxing illicit income, and recent reforms in the shape of the Proceeds of Crime Bill Part VI. Details the pioneering work of the US Internal Revenue Service’s Criminal Investigation Division, beginning in 1920 and continued by Senator Kefauver and Attorney‐General Robert Kennedy, with the war on drugs ongoing today; criminal tax weapons include proven tax deficiency and wilfulness, while civil tax weapons include income reconstruction, deficiency determinations, and jeopardy and termination assessments. Moves on to Australia’s Woodward, Williams and Costigan Royal Commissions, Special Prosecutor Robert Redlich, the National Crime Authority, and the Swordfish task force; criminal tax weapons of the Australian Tax Office include public fraud offences, while civil tax weapons include information‐gathering powers, default assessment, tax collection powers and procedures.
Discussion (2006)

Boston, Mass. Received for publication January 24, 2006. Dennis P. Orgill, M.D., Ph.D., Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Mass. 02115, [email protected]
Alterations in Atypical Protein Kinase C Activation in Insulin Resistance Syndromes (2008)

The metabolic syndrome with associated obesity is not only a frequent precursor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, but, in its own right, contributes importantly to the development of cardiovascular disease. Hyperlipidemic and hypertensive components of the metabolic syndrome are particularly important pathogenetic factors for development of cardiovascular disease; so is the presence of inflammatory factors in vessel walls. In type 2 diabetes, these problems are compounded by the development of hyperglycemia, another cardiovascular risk factor.
Anticoagulation and interventional pain treatment has anything changed? (2023)

Interventional pain management bears a significant risk of hemorrhagic complications. This risk increases in patientswith coagulation disorders and those taking anticoagulant therapy. The population of the latter is growing, and manynew drugs and new treatment regimens have become widespread in recent years. The latest guidelines on the periproceduraluse of anticoagulant therapy also apply to regional anaesthesia techniques for the treatment of chronicand acute pain. However, despite the existence of guidelines and recommendations, decision-making difficultiescan still be encountered in the practice of interventional pain management. The presentation includes a summaryof existing recommendations for the prophylactic use of anticoagulants and antiaggregants in clinical practice inthe periprocedural period. Also included is a discussion of selected concerns regarding their use in the practice ofinterventional pain management.