gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple, rapid, high-fidelity and cost-effective PCR-based two-step DNA synthesis method for long gene sequences (2004)

Chemical synthesis of DNA sequences provides a powerful tool for modifying genes and for studying gene function, structure and expression. Here, we report a simple, high-fidelity and cost-effective PCR-based two-step DNA synthesis (PTDS) method for synthesis of long segments of DNA. The method involves two steps. (i) Synthesis of individual fragments of the DNA of interest: ten to twelve 60mer oligonucleotides with 20 bp overlap are mixed and a PCR reaction is carried out with high-fidelity DNA polymerase Pfu to produce DNA fragments that are approximately 500 bp in length. (ii) Synthesis of the entire sequence of the DNA of interest: five to ten PCR products from the first step are combined and used as the template for a second PCR reaction using high-fidelity DNA polymerase pyrobest, with the two outermost oligonucleotides as primers. Compared with the previously published methods, the PTDS method is rapid (5-7 days) and suitable for synthesizing long segments of DNA (5-6 kb) with high G + C contents, repetitive sequences or complex secondary structures. Thus, the PTDS method provides an alternative tool for synthesizing and assembling long genes with complex structures. Using the newly developed PTDS method, we have successfully obtained several genes of interest with sizes ranging from 1.0 to 5.4 kb.
Purpura-free small intestinal IgA vasculitis complicated by cytomegalovirus reactivation (2020)

IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura) affects various organs, including the skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, joints and kidneys. Its clinical course typically consists of two phases: initial appearance of purpura and delayed onset of arthralgia, GI symptoms and haematuria. We report the case of an adult patient with IgA vasculitis of the small bowel, without skin involvement, complicated by cytomegalovirus (CMV) enteritis following prednisolone administration. Single-balloon enteroscopy revealed mucosal oedema, redness, erosions and transverse ulcers of the duodenum and jejunum. Jejunal biopsy specimens showed IgA deposition in the capillary walls. CMV reactivation was confirmed by PCR and immunostaining using jejunal biopsy specimens. This case report strongly suggests that adult patients with IgA vasculitis can present with isolated GI involvement, without characteristic skin purpura. Furthermore, CMV reactivation needs to be considered in patients with IgA vasculitis showing poor response to glucocorticoids.
The migration of lymphocytes through the endothelium of venules in lymph nodes: an electron microscope study (1964)

Abstract The post-capillary venules in the lymph nodes of rats have been examined with the electron microscope. The walls of these vessels normally contain many small lymphocytes, some of which are penetrating the endothelium while others are passing through the periendothelial sheath; most of the lymphocytes lie between the endothelium and the periendothelial sheath. No other leucocyte is normally present. The evidence suggests that these venules are normally the site of a large-scale migration of lymphocytes from the blood into the lymph nodes. A study of serial sections showed that lymphocytes migrate across the vessel wall by entering the endothelial cells and traversing their cytoplasm; they do not pass through the intercellular junctions. On the other hand, in inflamed lymph nodes polymorphs and monocytes emigrate through the venules by penetrating the junctions between endothelial cells. Some of the ‘large lymphocytes’ in thoracic duct lymph from normal rats were found to contain endoplasmic reticulum while others had a prominent Golgi complex.
Evolving therapy of peripheral T-cell lymphoma: 2010 and beyond (2011)

The peripheral T-cell lymphomas are a rare, heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas which have an aggressive clinical course. Treatment approaches have traditionally been similar to those of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, but outcomes have been inferior. Novel approaches involving agents and pathways developed from a better understanding of the biology of the diseases have led to therapeutic advances. The introduction of new agents, including antifolates, immunoconjugates, histone deacetylase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, nucleoside analogs, proteasome inhibitors, and signaling inhibitors have improved outcomes for patients with relapsed and refractory disease and are being incorporated into strategies for first-line therapy. Stem cell transplantation remains a potentially curative option for a subset of patients.
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON POWER PLANT PERFORMANCE (2012)

The performance of the power plant strongly depends on ambient air temperature (AAT).Mass flow rate (kg/s) of air decreases in summer with increasing AAT for the same volumetric flow rate (m 3 /s), which results in reduced power output of turbine and increased heat rate. This paper analyzes the effects of the AAT on various parameters of power plant viz., mass flow rate of air, fuel consumption, steam, power output of turbine, efficiency and heat rate of gas turbine, steam turbine and combined cycle plant. The results of analysis performed are discussed for 10MW power plant. The effect of increases in ambient air temperature by 30c, the net power output found to be decreased by 18% with 11% decrease mass flow rate of inlet air.
Neuroendocrine alterations in the somatotropic and lactotropic axes in uremic men (1994)

To investigate the pathophysiology of altered growth hormone (GH) and prolactin secretion in endstage renal disease, we sampled blood at 10-min intervals for 24 h and applied deconvolution analysis to calculate hormone half-lives and pulsatile secretion rates. Two-site immunoradiometric assays were employed to quantitate presumptively intact GH and prolactin in nine middle-aged men with chronic renal failure and 14 gender-, age-, body weight- and community-matched controls. We observed that the half-lives of endogenous GH and prolactin were prolonged significantly in uremia: for GH, control 17 +/- 1.4 versus uremia 21 +/- 1.3 min (p < 0.05); for prolactin, control 66 +/- 9.3 versus uremia 112 +/- 10 min (p < 0.01). Daily GH secretion rates exceeded sex-, age- and weight-predicted values in eight of nine uremic individuals, while values for prolactin were variable but on average twofold higher in uremia. In both the somatotropic and lactotropic axes, the frequency of secretory bursts was increased significantly (for GH, control 11 +/- 1.1 versus uremia 15 +/- 0.84 secretory events/24 h: for prolactin, control 20 +/- 0.90 versus uremia 27 +/- 1.3 pulses/24 h, p < 0.05). Although there were no significant alterations in the mean amplitude, duration or mass of GH secretory bursts, prolactin secretory burst amplitudes were elevated threefold in uremia (p < 0.01). These distinctive mechanisms brought about higher 24-h mean serum concentrations of GH (0.70 +/- 0.17 control versus 1.22 +/- 0.32 micrograms/l uremia) and prolactin (7.3 +/- 2.4 control versus 26 +/- 6.1 micrograms/l uremia, p < 0.05). Lastly, serum concentrations of estradiol were increased but those of unconjugated estriol decreased in uremia. We conclude that hypersomatotropinemia and hyperprolactinemia in uremic men result from prolonged hormone half-lives combined with increased frequencies of secretory events driven by unknown stimuli within the respective axes, and/or by defects in their negative-feedback regulation. We postulate that the latter may arise from partial tissue resistance to hormone action in hemodialyzed men.
Clinical Research Does FDG PET-Assisted Management of Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction Improve Quality of Life? A Substudy of the PARR-2 Trial (2012)

Background: Patientswithleftventriculardysfunctionwhosemanagement is directed by F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging may have a quality of life (QOL) benefit over standard care. Methods: Among 430 patients randomized in the PET and Recovery Following Revascularization (PARR)-2 trial to FDG PET-assisted management vs standard, QOL scores were obtained using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) in 427 patients at baseline (FDG
Effect of Surface Chemistry of Fe−Ni Nanoparticles on Mechanistic Pathways of Azo Dye Degradation (2007)

The degradation of Orange G, a monoazo dye, in aqueous solutions was investigated using as-synthesized and stored Fe-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles. Batch experiments with a nanocatalyst loading of 3 g/L showed complete dye degradation (150 mg/L) after 10 min of reaction time. HPLC-MS analysis of the degradation products showed that as-synthesized nanoparticles reductively cleaved the azo linkage to produce aniline as the major degradation product. However, 1-year-stored nanoparticles showed an oxidative degradation of Orange G through a hydroxyl-radical induced coupling of parent and/or product molecules. XPS analysis in corroboration with HPLC-MS data showed that the surface chemistry between Fe and Ni in as-synthesized and stored nanoparticles play a crucial role in directing the mode of degradation. Reductive dye degradation using as-synthesized nanoparticles proceeded through hydride transfer from nickel, whereas formation of a Fe2+ -Ni(0) galvanic cell in stored nanoparticles generated hydroxyl radicals from water in a nonFenton type reaction. The latter were responsible for the generation of radical centers on the dye molecule, which led to a coupling-mediated oxidative degradation of Orange G. The generation of hydroxyl radicals is further substantiated with radical quenching experiments using ascorbic acid indicating that stored nanoparticles degrade Orange G through a predominantly oxidative mechanism. HPLC-MS and XPS analysis of dye degradation using as-synthesized nanoparticles exposed to air and water confirmed that the reductive or oxidative degradation capability of Fe-Ni nanoparticles is decided by the time and type of catalyst aging process.
Increasing Incidence and Mortality of Primary Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma in the United States (2001)

Clinical observations suggest a recent increase in intrahepatic biliary tract malignancies. Thus, our aim was to determine recent trends in the epidemiology of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States. Reported data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program and the United States Vital Statistics databases were analyzed to determine the incidence, mortality, and survival rates of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Between 1973 and 1997, the incidence and mortality rates from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma markedly increased, with an estimated annual percent change (EAPC) of 9.11% (95% CI, 7.46 to 10.78) and 9.44% (95%, CI 8.46 to 10.41), respectively. The age-adjusted mortality rate per 100,000 persons for whites increased from 0.14 for the period 1975-1979 to 0.65 for the period 1993-1997, and that for blacks increased from 0.15 to 0.58 over the same period. The increase in mortality was similar across all age groups above age 45. The relative 1- and 2-year survival rates following diagnosis from 1989 to 1996 were 24.5% and 12.8%, respectively. In conclusion, there has been a marked increase in the incidence and mortality from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States in recent years. This tumor continues to be associated with a poor prognosis.
Security issues in privacy and key management protocols of IEEE 802.16 (2006)

Without physical boundaries, a wireless network faces many more security threats than a wired network does. Therefore, in the IEEE 802.16 standard a security sublayer is specified in the MAC layer to address the privacy issues across the fixed Broadband Wireless Access (BWA). Several articles have been published to address the flaws in IEEE 802.16 security after the IEEE standard 802.16-2001 was released. However, the IEEE standard 802.16-2004 revision does not settle all the discovered problems and additional flaws remain. This paper gives an overview of the IEEE 802.16 standard, focusing on the MAC layer and especially the security sublayer. We analyze the security flaws in the standard as well as in related works, and illustrate possible attacks to the authentication and key management protocols. Possible solutions are also proposed to prevent these attacks. Finally, we propose a security handover protocol that should be supported in the future 802.16e for mobility.
Improvement of leakage current characteristics of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films by N2O plasma surface treatment (1997)

The effects of plasma surface treatment, using N2O gas, of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) film on the leakage current characteristic of a Pt/BST/Pt capacitor were investigated. As a result of exposure of BST film to the plasma, the leakage current density of the BST capacitor decreased by two orders of magnitude in the high voltage region, and higher onset voltage of an abrupt increase in leakage current was observed. The improvement of leakage properties of BST films can be attributed to the elimination of the bulged curve in the leakage current characteristics. Thermal desorption spectroscopy showed that the elimination was closely related to the reduction of carbon content in the BST film.
Multidimensional Signal, Image and Video Processing and Coding [Book Reviews] (2007)

This new book covers the processing and coding of multidimensional signals, in particular, still images and video. The book is accompanied by a CD-ROM and a companion Web site. The book is well designed and its material is timely. The only drawback is its lack of depth in covering color. The book would work with an introductory graduate course on still-image processing and compression or for an advanced graduate course on video processing and compression. The fact that the book takes a signal processing, rather than computer vision, viewpoint to image manipulation will make it a valuable resource for both researchers and students alike.
Control of Separation on a Swept Wing using Fluidic Oscillators (2015)

The performance of a flapped wing based on a NACA 0012 airfoil section and equipped with a linear array of fluidic oscillators was investigated experimentally to assess the significance of wing sweep and tip shape on the efficiency of this actuation technique. The semi-span wing was suspended from the wind tunnel ceiling through a six-component balance and could be rotated relative to the oncoming flow. Thus, its sweep could vary from 0° to ±45° while maintaining a constant aspect ratio of the wing. The experiments were carried out at a Reynolds number of approximately 500,000. The boundary layer was tripped in order to fix the location at which transition to turbulence occurs. The effects of incidence, flap deflection, and the level of the actuation were the independent parameters affecting the wing’s performance. In contrast to non-swept wings equipped with fluidic oscillators, the swept-back wing requires a substantially lower input level of actuation to improve the lift generated by the wing and alter its pitching moment provided the aggregate number of the actuators used was small. For this study, the number of active actuators did not exceed two. Under these conditions, the actuators acted as fluidic fences that reorientated the flow by reducing its spanwise component. Since this is an interim report in an ongoing investigation, it will focus on issues that were not reported at the AIAA meeting in Atlanta. For example, a two-actuator pattern (the spacing between them was kept constant) was moved along the wingspan and the impact of their location on performance was analyzed with respect to the sweep angle.
AhagMutant ofMoraxella catarrhalisStrain O35E Is Deficient in Hemagglutination, Autoagglutination, and Immunoglobulin D-Binding Activities (2002)

Previous studies correlated the presence of a 200-kDa protein on the surface of Moraxella catarrhalis with the ability of this organism to agglutinate human erythrocytes (M. Fitzgerald, R. Mulcahy, S. Murphy, C. Keane, D. Coakley, and T. Scott, FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 18:209-216, 1997). In the present study, the gene encoding the 200-kDa protein (designated Hag) of M. catarrhalis strain O35E was subjected to nucleotide sequence analysis and then was inactivated by insertional mutagenesis. The isogenic hag mutant was unable to agglutinate human erythrocytes and lost its ability to autoagglutinate but was still attached at wild-type levels to several human epithelial cell lines. The hag mutation also eliminated the ability of this mutant strain to bind human immunoglobulin D. The presence of the Hag protein on the M. catarrhalis cell surface, as well as that of the UspA1 and UspA2 proteins (C. Aebi, I. Maciver, J. L. Latimer, L. D. Cope, M. K. Stevens, S. E. Thomas, G. H. McCracken, Jr., and E. J. Hansen, Infect. Immun. 65:4367-4377, 1997), was investigated by transmission electron and cryoimmunoelectron microscopy. Wild-type M. catarrhalis strain O35E possessed a dense layer of surface projections, whereas an isogenic uspA1 uspA2 hag triple mutant version of this strain did not possess any detectable surface projections. Examination of a uspA1 uspA2 double mutant that expressed the Hag protein revealed the presence of a relatively sparse layer of surface projections, similar to those seen on a uspA2 hag mutant that expressed UspA1. In contrast, a uspA1 hag mutant that expressed UspA2 formed a very dense layer of relatively short surface projections. These results indicate that the surface-exposed Hag protein and UspA1 and UspA2 have the potential to interact both with each other and directly with host defense systems.
NexGen Connectivity Optimizer: An Enhancement of Smart Phone Performance for Better Connectivity (2020)

The Next Generation Networks (NGN) set its standard to provide very high data rates, Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), increased network capacity and significantly improved Quality of Service (QoS). Thus, it provides an infrastructure for the Internet of Things (IoT) to power billions of connected devices. With this upsurge in IoT devices, the need for adopting IPv6 over exhausting IPv4 addresses becomes more unavoidable. Hence, Internet Service Providers (ISP's) are adopting IPv6 along with IPv4 addresses using an address transition method called dual-stack. However, the Dual-Stack network causes relatively more connectivity overhead than the single stack network. For example, DNS lookup and TCP connection time are comparatively high in dual-stack mobile devices. This affects the page loading time of the application, thereby impacting the user experience significantly. In this paper, we analyzed all these connectivity overheads and propose a novel solution called NexGen Connectivity optimizer (NexGenCO), which provides better connectivity for the applications using network-aware concurrency and intelligent DNS caching. NexGenCO is prototyped and evaluated in Samsung devices with Android Pie. It significantly reduces connectivity overhead and improves page loading time up to 18% consistently.
Synthesis, fluorine-18 labelling and evaluation of hydantoine-substituted indole carboxylic acids as radiotracers for imaging the NMDA-receptor status in vivo (2006)

1827 Objectives: The N-methyl-D-aspartat (NMDA) receptor is a tetrameric, ligand-gated calcium channel, which is modulated by various endogenous ligands. The NMDA-receptor complex plays a great role in memory and learning processes. It is also involved in many chronic neurological diseases, such as M. Parkinson and Alzheimer disease, as well as in acute diseases, such as stroke and trauma. For investigating these neurological disorders in early diagnosis, the molecular imaging of the NMDA-receptor status in vivo could be very helpful. Methods: For imaging the NMDA-receptor status with fluorine-18 or carbon-11 labelled tracers and PET, five non-radioactive reference compounds, based on a hydantoine-substituted indole carboxylic acid as the lead structure, were synthesized following a modified pathway. For the non-radioactive compounds the IC50 values were determined using a [3H]MDL-105,519 receptor binding assay. The lipophilicity was determined using the HPLC method. The radiolabelling was performed using 2-[18F]fluoroethyl tosylate ([18F]FETos) and [18F]FETos/LiI, respectively. Purification and analysis was performed using radio-HPLC and radio-DC. Results: Five non-radioactive reference compounds and two appropriate precursors for [18F]fluoroethylation of [18F]DDIC1 were synthesized successfully. The IC50 values of DDIC1-DDIC5 are ranging between 14 nM and 493 nM, the logP values between 1.51 and 2.53. The radiosynthesis of [18F]DDIC1 could be realized in 35 % yield by labelling with [18F]FETos in DMF at 100 °C and 5N NaOH as base. First in vivo animal studies with healthy Sprague Dawley rats, using the I.S.E. YAP-(S)PET small animal scanner, showed a dynamic accumulation of activity in the hypocampus. Conclusions: In summary, five novel, high affinity NMDA ligands with high logP-values were developed. Two precursors for synthesizing [18F]DDIC were developed and labelled with [18F]FETos in a radiochemical yield of 35 %. In vitro, the IC50 values were determined. In vivo studies in rats using a small animal PET scanner showed that the ligand permeates the blood-brain-barrier and accumulized in the hypocampus. In further experiments radiochemical yields will be optimized and detailed in vivo and ex vivo studies will be performed.
Computer integrated monitoring, fault identification and control for a bottling line (2002)

Today's bottling lines are complex production systems encountered in many kinds of food industries. Without an efficient monitoring system, such lines can prove to be inflexible and hard to manage. This paper presents the main issues which emerged during the conversion of a typical bottling line to a flexible and reconfigurable system, capable of implementing on-line decisions. Real-time monitoring, computer integrated structure, industrial networking, fault identification and modeling of fault propagation are the major themes covered.
Clinical Utility of Genomic Profiling in the Treatment of Advanced Sarcomas: A Single-Center Experience (2018)

Putatively oncogenic mutations are readily detected in the majority of sarcomas. Genetic profiling affected the diagnosis and/or treatment approach in a sizeable minority of patients with sarcoma treated at our center. Additional study is required to determine if genetic profiling leads to improved clinical outcomes.
Chemical Features of Phenolic Extracts Prepared on an Industrial Scale from a Processing Byproduct of the Japanese Apricot, Mume Fruit (<i>Prunus mume</i> Sieb.et Zucc.) (2017)

Mume fruit, Japanese apricots (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.), have traditionally been used for pickles, juice, and liqueur in Japan. During the pickling of mume fruit, an exudate fluid from the fruit called umesu (or umezu) is produced as a byproduct. We developed laboratory-scale and factory-scale methods using synthetic absorbents HP-20 column chromatography to prepare phenolic fractions from umesu (umesu phenolics or umezu phenolics, hereafter referred to as UPs). In this study, we obtained six batches of UPs using a factory-scale method, and their chemical features were examined. The phenolic contents were 13.1±0.8% and 19.2±2.1%, respectively, with gallic acid and p-coumaric acid as standards. The total sugar content was 57.7±4.7%. Very close similarity was observed in the high-performance liquid chromatograms and compositions of the phenolics in the six batches of UPs. The four major phenolic compounds found in the alkaline hydrolysate of UPs were caffeic acid, cis-p-coumaric acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid. Some batches showed high amounts of cis-p-coumaric acid / total p-coumaric acid. Since this isomerization did not occur during the UP preparation process, it seems likely that isomerization of trans-p-coumaric acid into cis-p-coumaric acid occurred due to sunlight irradiation during umesu storage.