gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave Photonic Noise Source From Microwave to Sub-Terahertz Wave Bands and Its Applications to Noise Characterization (2008)

In this paper, we present a microwave photonic technique to produce a noise signal from the microwave to sub-terahertz region with an optical amplified spontaneous emission noise, optical filter, and photodetector. With this scheme, it is easy to control the noise level by simply controlling the input optical noise power. In addition, the output noise spectral density with this scheme can be accurately estimated from the well-known spectral shape of an optical filter. For the demonstration of this scheme as a noise source, noise figure measurements for commercial devices such as amplifiers and a mixer, were performed in the frequency range from 0.1-20 to 293-357 GHz and the results were compared to those with conventional techniques.
Why do group members provide information to digital knowledge repositories? a multilevel application of transactive memory theory (2013)

The proliferation of digital knowledge repositories ( DKRs ) used for distributed and collocated work raises important questions about how to manage these technologies. This study investigates why individuals contribute information to DKRs by applying and extending transactive memory theory. Data from knowledge workers ( N = 208) nested in work groups ( J = 17) located in Europe and the U nited S tates revealed, consistent with transactive memory theory, that perceptions of experts' retrieval of information were positively related to the likelihood of information provision to DKRs . The relationship between experts' perceptions of retrieval and information provision varied from group to group, and cross‐level interactions indicated that trust in how the information would be used and the interdependence of tasks within groups could explain that variation. Furthermore, information provision to DKRs was related to communication networks in ways consistent with theorizing regarding the formation of transactive memory systems. Implications for theory and practice are discussed, emphasizing the utility of multilevel approaches for conceptualizing and modeling why individuals provide information to DKRs .
Formal Verification of Smart Contracts Based on Users and Blockchain Behaviors Models (2018)

Blockchain technology has attracted increasing attention in recent years. One reason of this new trend is the introduction of on-chain smart contracts enabling the implementation of decentralized applications in trust-less environments. Along with its adoption, attacks exploiting smart contract vulnerabilities are inevitably growing. To counter these attacks and avoid breaches, several approaches have been explored such as documenting vulnerabilities or model checking using formal verification. However, these approaches fail to capture the Blockchain and users behavior properties. In this paper, we propose a novel formal modeling approach to verify a smart contract behavior in its execution environment. We apply this formalism on a concrete smart contract example and analyze its breaches with a statical model checking approach.
Feasibility studies of two-dimensional edge turbulence measurements by laser induced fluorescence (1999)

Edge turbulence is a key factor in the performance of fusion devices but is not well understood even after many years of research. We assess the feasibility of using laser induced fluorescence to obtain two-dimensional images of turbulent structures in the plasma. Based on theoretical expectations of density fluctuations arising from turbulence and calculations of level populations in He-like and noble gas ions we show that high signal/noise ratios (S/N&amp;gt;100) may be expected for experimental conditions in the magnetic reconnection experiment and on the National Spherical Torus Experiment at PPPL. Schemes include exciting the ion emission lines such as B IV 282.3 nm or Kr II 441.8 nm by a tunable laser.
Characterization of decomposition products and preclinical and low dose clinical pharmacokinetics of decitabine (5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine) by a new liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry quantification method (2006)

Aberrant DNA methylation patterns resulting in gene transcriptional repression are observed in numerous cancers. Decitabine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, is being clinically evaluated in patients with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Decitabine is rather unstable and decomposes to 1-beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl-3-guanylurea under basic conditions and several additional unknown products under neutral conditions. This has greatly limited application of pharmacokinetic assays to clinical development of decitabine. In this paper, a high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet multi-stage mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV-MSn) study of the decomposition of decitabine in water and human plasma revealed that these previously unknown products are isomers of the intermediates formyl-1-beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl-3-guanylurea and 1-beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl-3-guanylurea. A HPLC tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method for the determination of decitabine concentrations in human and rat plasma has been developed. This method was based on a specific fragmentation pathway of the molecular ion of decitabine at m/z 229 to generate a unique fragment ion at m/z 113 under collision-induced dissociation. Separation of decitabine and the stable internal standard dihydro-5-aza-cytidine from the endogenous interfering substance in plasma extract was carried out on a C18 Aquasil column under an isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of 5% water/acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium formate. The detection of decitabine was via selected reaction monitoring (SRM, 229 > 113), and its ionization was enhanced by post-column addition of acetonitrile. Effects of sample preparation and handling parameters on the stability of decitabine were also evaluated in human plasma at various temperatures. The accuracy and precision of this assay showed a coefficient of variation of <15% over the range of 0.5-25 ng for rat plasma and 0.1-25 ng for human plasma injected on-column. Pharmacokinetics of decitabine in rats following intravenous doses of 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg were characterized. In the rat, plasma concentration-time profiles were found to follow a biexponential decline and the pharmacokinetics was dose-independent. Application of this decitabine pharmacokinetic assay to human studies is therefore justified and ongoing.
Diagnostic Decision (1986)

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is seldom the sole clue to disease in asymptomatic persons and is not a useful screening test. When the rate is increased, a careful history and physical examination will generally disclose the cause. An unexplained increase in the ESR is generally transitory and seldom due to serious disease. The test is most useful in diagnosing temporal arteritis and monitoring the patient's response to treatment. The test has little diagnostic value in rheumatoid arthritis but may be useful in monitoring disease activity when clinical findings are equivocal. The ESR is often normal in patients with cancer, infection, and connective tissue disease and is therefore of little use in excluding these diseases in patients with vague complaints.
Synthesis and Reactivity of the 17 e− Complex [ReIIBr4(CO)2]2−: A Convenient Entry into Rhenium(II) Chemistry (2009)

The reduction of (Et(4)N)[Re(III)Br(4)(CO)(2)] (1) by 0.5 equiv of tetrakis-dimethylaminoethylene in acetonitrile yields directly the air-stable, 17-electron Re(II) synthon (Et(4)N)(2)[Re(II)Br(4)(CO)(2)] (2) in nearly quantitative yield. The versatility of 2 as a synthon for Re(II) chemistry was demonstrated by substitution reactions of [Re(II)Br(4)(CO)(2)](2-) with different mono-, bi-, and tridentate ligands. The resulting Re(II) complexes form highly crystalline compounds, and the solid state structures of the neutral trans-cis-[Re(II)Br(2)(CO)(2)(X)(n)] species (where X = imidazole, pyridine, or phenanthroline) could be determined. All complexes are stable under aerobic conditions, both as solids and in solution, and showed fully reversible one-electron Re(II) --> Re(I) reductions between ca. -70 and -120 mV. Carbonyl stretching frequencies (nu(CO)) of this new family of Re(II) complexes are observed in the 1990 cm(-1) (A(1)) and 1830 (E(g)) cm(-1) regions. With complex 2, a wide variety of fundamental but so far unknown Re(II) complexes become accessible via facile substitution reactions.
Human Corneal Storage in Modified McCarey-Kaufman and K-Sol Media (1991)

Endothelial permeability (Pac) to carboxyfluorescein and Na+/K+ ATPase pump site density were determined in human corneas following storage for 4 or 7 days at 4°C in either modified McCarey-Kaufman (mMK) or K-Sol media. Following 4 days of storage, Pac values for mMK-and K-Sol-preserved corneas were not significantly different from those of their prestorage mates. After 7 days of storage, however, corneas stored in K-Sol media showed a significant increase in Pac compared to their prestorage mates, whereas the mMK-stored corneas showed no change in Pac. Na+/K+ ATPase pump site density determined using [3H]ouabain was similar to a control group in the K-Sol-stored tissue but higher in the mMK-stored tissue following 7 days of storage. These studies suggest that mMK medium maintains endothelial barrier function and Na+/K+ ATPase pump site density at least as well as K-Sol medium through 7 days of corneal storage.
Demonstration of NFV Content Delivery using SDN-enabled virtual infrastructures (2017)

We will demonstrate the composition and operation of a virtual infrastructure (VI) for NFV content delivery. The demonstrated VI will be controlled through SDN controller. Furthermore, an infrastructure replanning mechanism will be also demonstrated.
Influence of Physiological Gastrointestinal Surfactant Ratio on the Equilibrium Solubility of BCS Class II Drugs Investigated Using a Four Component Mixture Design (2017)

The absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs is influenced by the luminal gastrointestinal fluid content and composition, which control solubility. Simulated intestinal fluids have been introduced into dissolution testing including endogenous amphiphiles and digested lipids at physiological levels; however, in vivo individual variation exists in the concentrations of these components, which will alter drug absorption through an effect on solubility. The use of a factorial design of experiment and varying media by introducing different levels of bile, lecithin, and digested lipids has been previously reported, but here we investigate the solubility variation of poorly soluble drugs through more complex biorelevant amphiphile interactions. A four-component mixture design was conducted to understand the solubilization capacity and interactions of bile salt, lecithin, oleate, and monoglyceride with a constant total concentration (11.7 mM) but varying molar ratios. The equilibrium solubility of seven low solubility acidic (zafirlukast), basic (aprepitant, carvedilol), and neutral (fenofibrate, felodipine, griseofulvin, and spironolactone) drugs was investigated. Solubility results are comparable with literature values and also our own previously published design of experiment studies. Results indicate that solubilization is not a sum accumulation of individual amphiphile concentrations, but a drug specific effect through interactions of mixed amphiphile compositions with the drug. This is probably due to a combined interaction of drug characteristics; for example, lipophilicity, molecular shape, and ionization with amphiphile components, which can generate specific drug-micelle affinities. The proportion of each component can have a remarkable influence on solubility with, in some cases, the highest and lowest points close to each other. A single-point solubility measurement in a fixed composition simulated media or human intestinal fluid sample will therefore provide a value without knowledge of the surrounding solubility topography meaning that variability may be overlooked. This study has demonstrated how the amphiphile ratios influence drug solubility and highlights the importance of the envelope of physiological variation when simulating in vivo drug behavior.
Measurement of Dipole-Moment in Atomic Transitions under Strong External Magnetic Field (1996)

Obtaining an accurate value of the electric dipole moment μ is essential in the fields of laser application technologies. A direct way of measuring the electric dipole moment μ is to observe the Rabi-oscillation which manifests itself in the coherent photo-excitation behavior of atoms. In the case of the elements which have large angular momenta, identifying the Rabi-oscillation in their excitation behavior becomes rather difficult. We proposed an accurate and straightforward method of determining the electric-dipole moment μ between multifold degenerate levels. The point is to remove the degeneracy by applying an external magnetic field with the aid of the Zeeman effect and, then, to realize a degeneration free coherent excitation. As a result, we can observe the Rabi-oscillations explicitly in the excitation vs. laser-fluence curves. The present method provides a reliable basis of experimental determination of μ. As an example, we applied the present method to a transition to 0–17,362 cm−1 level in uranium and obtained the value μ=0.86±0.06 (Debye).
Laparoscopic presacral neurectomy (2007)

Presacral neurectomy (PSN) has been successfully used to treat women experiencing midline premenstrual and menstrual dysmenorrhea along with mid line pelvic pain for almost 100 years. Recent developments in minimally-invasive surgical technique have allowed the gynecologic surgeon to perform laparoscopic presacral neurectomy (LPSN) as an isolated procedure or in conjunction with other conservative procedures for the treatment of pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea.
Study of Transformation Kinetics for Austempered Gray Cast Iron (2020)

Austempered gray iron (AGI) with its unique ausferrite microstructure is an alternative material to traditional quenched and tempered gray iron with martensite microstructure due to its excellent mechanical properties. This research studies the process of ausferrite formation and kinetic characterization for gray cast iron. Specimens were austenitized at 832°C (1530°F) for 20 min and then held at different isothermal temperatures from 232°C (450°F) to 427°C (800°F) and isothermal times from 20 s to 120 min. The experimental results were analyzed using hardness tests and optical microscopy. Needle-like ausferrite structure was found while using austempering temperatures ranging from 232°C (450°F) to 371°C (700°F). The ferrite plates became coarse with increasing austempering temperature. Feather-like ausferrite was obtained at the austempering temperatures of 399°C (750°F) and 427°C (800°F). Transformation kinetics was utilized to analyze the ausferrite formation, and the activation energy of gray cast iron was found to be 39905.27 (J/mol) with a frequency factor of 6.06457 (1/s).
Hydrodynamic study of swirling fluidized bed and the role of distributor (2006)

The study aims to the hydrodynamic characteristics of swirling fluidized bed, using large particles (Geldart D-type) selected from locally available agricultural produce (coffee beans and black pepper). The important variables considered in the present study include percentage area of opening, angle of air injection and the percentage useful area of the distributor. A total of seven distributors have been designed and fabricated for a bed column of 300 mm, namely single row vane type distributors (15˚ and 20˚ vane angle), inclined hole type distributors (15˚ and 20˚ vane angle) and perforated plate distributors. The useful area of distributor of single row vane type, three now vane-type and inclined hole-type distributors are respectively 64%,91% and 94%. The hydrodynamic parameters considered in the present study include distributor pressure drop, air velocity, minimum fluidizing velocity, bed pressure drop, bed height and the bed behaviour. \n It has been observed that, in general, the distributor pressure drop decreases with an increase in the percentage area of opening, Further, and increase in the area of opening above 17% will not considerably reduce the distributor pressure drop. In the present study, for the distributor with an area of opening 17%, and corresponding to the maximum measured superficial velocity of 4.33 m/s, the distributor pressure drop obtained was 55.25mm of water. The study on the bed behavior revealed that, in a swirling fluidized bed, once swirl motion starts, the bed pressure drop increases with superficial velocity in the outer region and it decreases in the inner region. This means that, with higher superficial velocity, the air might get by-passed through the inner boundary of the bed (around the cone). So, depending on the process for which the bed is used, the maximum superficial velocity is to be limited to have an optimum bed performance.
System-aware security for nuclear power systems (2011)

As shown in the recently publicized Stuxnet attack in Iran, there are significant threats of embedded infections by the producers of equipment that support our nations nuclear power plants that cannot be completely addressed by advancing perimeter security solutions. In this paper we layout a new systems engineering focused approach for addressing these threats: referred to as System-Aware Security for Nuclear Power Systems. This security architecture resides at the application layer and is based on smart reusable system security services. Furthermore, to show how such an architecture can enhance the security of nuclear power systems, this paper present a vision for this architectural formulation for a Nuclear Power Plant Turbine Control System.
Antimicrobial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of selected South African Helichrysum species (2010)

The antimicrobial activity of 35 indigenous South African Helichrysum species was determined against six microorganisms. Seven of the 36 chloroform:methanol (1:1) extracts (leaf and stem extracts for all plants and an additional flower extract for H. rugulosum) exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values lower than 0.1 mg/ml against Bacillus cereus and/or Staphylococcus aureus. The in vitro cytotoxicity [against transformed human kidney epithelial (Graham) cells, MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma and SF-268 glioblastoma cells] of these extracts was also determined at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. For seven species less than 25% growth was observed for the Graham and MCF-7 cell lines at the test concentration.
Locomotive Biofuel Study: Preliminary Study of the Use and Effects of Biodiesel in Locomotive Engines (2014)

Section 404 of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act (PRIIA), 2008, mandated that the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) undertake a Locomotive Biofuel Study to investigate the feasibility of using biofuel blends as locomotive engine fuel. This report summarizes three research initiatives undertaken by FRA to assess the viability of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for locomotives. The first initiative consisted of using a 20 percent blend of biodiesel in a passenger locomotive in revenue service to study air emissions and engine wear. The second initiative measured the emissions of Tier 1+ and Tier 2 locomotives operating on 5 percent and 20 percent blends of biodiesel, respectively. Those emissions were compared with those generated by conventional diesel fuel. The third initiative investigated the availability of biodiesel, rail yard and revenue service engine performance and emissions on various blends of biodiesel, as well as the practicability of using an alternative method to measure those emissions. The results from these research initiatives show that while it may be feasible to use biodiesel in blends of up to 20 percent in locomotive engines and reveal some impact on emissions, additional research is needed to understand the long term effects of high blends of biodiesel on locomotive engine components.
Thermal-ADI - a linear-time chip-level dynamic thermal-simulation algorithm based on alternating-direction-implicit (ADI) method (2003)

Due to the dramatic increase of clock frequency and integration density, power density and on-chip temperature in high-end very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits rise significantly. To ensure the timing correctness and the reliability of high-end VLSI design, efficient and accurate chip-level transient thermal simulations are of crucial importance. In this paper, we develop and present an efficient transient thermal-simulation algorithm based on the alternating-direction-implicit (ADI) method. Our algorithm, thermal-ADI, not only has a linear run time and memory requirement , but is also unconditionally stable, which ensures that time step is not limited by any stability requirement. Extensive experimental results show that our algorithm is not only orders of magnitude faster than the traditional thermal-simulation algorithms, but also highly accurate and efficient in memory usage.
1 Introduction (2017)

The switching converter generates serious electromagnetic interference (EMI), which impairs other devices‘ performance and harms human being’s health. As a way of chaos technique, chaotic modulation has been developed to suppress EMI of the switching converter by dispersing the energy into a wide frequency band and smoothing the peaks of the EMI spectrum. Unlike the well-studied chaotic frequency modulation, the chaotic duty modulation is concerned in this dissertation, which is just to change the duty of the transistor driving-pulse while maintains the fixed switching frequency. Chaotic duty modulation is realized by appending an external chaotic signal to the existing PWM module of the switching converter, which is practicable without the loss of the generality. It is thus verified that this proposal of using chaotic duty modulation in switching converters for EMI suppression is feasible and lays a foundation for industrial applications.
Consequences of Normalizing Transcriptomic and Genomic Libraries of Plant Genomes Using a Duplex-Specific Nuclease and Tetramethylammonium Chloride (2013)

Several applications of high throughput genome and transcriptome sequencing would benefit from a reduction of the high-copy-number sequences in the libraries being sequenced and analyzed, particularly when applied to species with large genomes. We adapted and analyzed the consequences of a method that utilizes a thermostable duplex-specific nuclease for reducing the high-copy components in transcriptomic and genomic libraries prior to sequencing. This reduces the time, cost, and computational effort of obtaining informative transcriptomic and genomic sequence data for both fully sequenced and non-sequenced genomes. It also reduces contamination from organellar DNA in preparations of nuclear DNA. Hybridization in the presence of 3 M tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC), which equalizes the rates of hybridization of GC and AT nucleotide pairs, reduced the bias against sequences with high GC content. Consequences of this method on the reduction of high-copy and enrichment of low-copy sequences are reported for Arabidopsis and lettuce.
L'Elmo Caduto? Note a Stesicoro, Gerioneide, S 15 Davies (1995)

Article sur la derniere strophe d'un poeme racontant la rencontre d'Herakles et de Gerion. Son interet reside dans la description des armes du heros et du coup mortel a la tete qu'il inflige a son adversaire