gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diastereoselective Cycloreductions and Cycloadditions Catalyzed by Co(dpm)2-Silane (dpm = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate):  Mechanism and Partitioning of Hydrometallative versus Anion Radical Pathways (2002)

In the presence of phenylsilane and 5 mol % cobalt(II) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate), aryl-substituted monoenone monoaldehydes and bis(enones) undergo reductive cyclization to afford syn-aldol and anti-Michael products, respectively. For both aldol and Michael cycloreductions, five- and six-membered ring formation occurs in good yield with high levels of diastereoselectivity. Cycloreduction of monoenone monoaldehyde 1a in the presence of d(3)-phenylsilane reveals incorporation of a single deuterium at the enone beta-position as an equimolar mixture of epimers, inferring rapid isomerization of the kinetically formed cobalt enolate prior to cyclization. The deuterated product was characterized by single-crystal neutron diffraction analysis. For bis(enone) substrates, modulation of the silane source enables partitioning of the competitive Michael cycloreduction and [2 + 2] cycloaddition manifolds. A study of para-substituted acetophenone-derived bis(enones) reveals that substrate electronic features also direct partitioning of cycloreduction and cycloaddition manifolds. Further mechanistic insight is obtained through examination of the effects of enone geometry on product stereochemistry and electrochemical studies involving cathodic reduction of bis(enone) substrates. The collective experiments reveal competitive enone reduction pathways. Enone hydrometalation produces metallo-enolates en route to aldol and Michael cycloreduction products, that is, products derived from coupling at the alpha-position of the enone. Electron-transfer-mediated enone reduction produces metallo-oxy-pi-allyls en route to [2 + 2] cycloadducts and, under Ni catalysis, homoaldol cycloreduction products, that is, products derived from coupling at the beta-position of the enone. The convergent outcome of the metal-catalyzed and electrochemically induced transformations suggests the proposed oxy-pi-allyl intermediates embody character consistent with the mesomeric metal-complexed anion radicals.
Suprasellar colloid cyst: An unusual location (2013)

Background: Colloid cysts are rare intracerebral lesions that are preferentially encountered within the third ventricle. There are only a few reports in which colloid cysts are described in other locations such as the fourth ventricle, brainstem, cerebellum and suprasellar region. Clinical description: Young female had presented with headache since one year and on episode of generalized tonic, clonic seizures one week ago. She had bitemporal visual field cuts on examination. Imaging showed a hyperdense suprasellar lesion which was isointense on T1 weighted MR images, profoundly hypointense on T2 weighted images, and did not show any enhancement on post contrast MR study. It showed no restriction on DWI. A pteronal craniotomy and total excision of the lesion was done and the patient recovered well with no further neurological deficits. Pathology was consistant with a colloid cyst. Conclusion: Colloid cyst is rarely found in suprasellar location. Such a rare diagnosis has to be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients who present with a suprasellar cystic lesion. Keywords: Colloid cyst; Enterogenous cyst; Rathkes' cleft cyst
Performance of today's dual energy CT and future multi energy CT in virtual non‐contrast imaging and in iodine quantification: A simulation study (2015)

Substantial differences in the performance of today's DECT approaches were found for the application of virtual non-contrast and iodine imaging. Future MECT with realistic photon counting detectors currently can only perform comparably to dual source DECT at 100 kV/Sn 140 kV. Dual source concepts with photon counting detectors could be a solution to this problem, promising a better performance.
An Interpretation of Danto’s the End-of-Art Thesis from the Perspective of Gadamerian Hermeneutics (2019)

essence of Danto's philosophy of art history. As an analytical philosopher, Danto's philosophy resembles Hans-Georg Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics in the viewpoints concerning art and history in some ways but differs in others. Danto's concepts of history show different tendencies in analytical philosophy of history and philosophy of art history. On the one hand, his philosophy of history conforms to Gadamer's history of effect for the denial of the objectivity and certainty of historical truth. On the other hand, his philosophy of art history fundamentally differs from Gadamer's relativism by asserting "the end of art" therefore generating a Hegelian law in art history. By using the strategy of "historical narrative" in his philosophy of art history, which is also in accordance with Gadamerian tradition, Danto aims to reconcile his self-contradictory historical views and to justify his philosophical position both as an "essentialist" and a "historicist".
High energy transmission annular beam X-ray diffraction (2015)

We demonstrate material phase retrieval by linearly translating extended polycrystalline samples along the symmetry axis of an annular beam of high-energy X-rays. A series of pseudo-monochromatic diffraction images are recorded from the dark region encompassed by the beam. We measure Bragg maxima from different annular gauge volumes in the form of bright spots in the X-ray diffraction intensity. We present the experiment data from three materials with different crystallographic structural properties i.e. near ideal, large grain size and preferred orientation. This technique shows great promise for analytical inspection tasks requiring highly penetrating radiation such as security screening, medicine and non-destructive testing.
Football Fan Aggression: The Importance of Low Basal Cortisol and a Fair Referee (2015)

Fan aggression in football (soccer) is a societal problem that affects many countries worldwide. However, to date, most studies use an epidemiological or survey approach to explain football fan aggression. This study used a controlled laboratory study to advance a model of predictors for fan aggression. To do so, football fans (n = 74) saw a match summary in which their favorite team lost against their most important rival. Next, we measured levels of aggression with the hot sauce paradigm, in which fans were given the opportunity to administer a sample of hot sauce that a rival football supporter had to consume. To investigate if media exposure had the ability to reduce aggression, before the match fans saw a video in which fans of the rival team commented in a neutral, negative, or positive manner on their favorite team. Results showed that the media exposure did not affect aggression. However, participants displayed high levels of aggression and anger after having watched the match. Also, aggression was higher in fans with lower basal cortisol levels, which suggests that part of the aggression displayed was proactive and related to anti-social behavior. Furthermore, aggression was higher when the referee was blamed and aggression was lower when the performance of the participants' favorite team was blamed for the match result. These results indicate that aggression increased when the match result was perceived as unfair. Interventions that aim to reduce football fan aggression should give special attention to the perceived fairness of the match result.
Prototypical pacemaker neurons are immunocompetent cells (2019)

Pacemaker neurons exert control over neuronal circuit function by their intrinsic ability to generate rhythmic bursts of action potential. Recent work has identified rhythmic gut contractions in human, mice and hydra to be dependent on both neurons and the resident microbiota. However, little is known about the evolutionary origin of these neurons and their interaction with microbes. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized prototypical ANO/SCN/TRPM ion channel expressing pacemaker cells in the basal metazoan Hydra by using a combination of single-cell transcriptomics, immunochemistry, and functional experiments. Unexpectedly, these prototypical pacemaker neurons express a rich set of immune-related genes mediating their interaction with the microbial environment. Functional experiments validated a model of the evolutionary emergence of pacemaker cells as neurons using components of innate immunity to interact with the microbial environment and ion channels to generate rhythmic contractions.
Negative cilia concept for thromboresistance: Synergistic effect of PEO and sulfonate groups grafted onto polyurethanes (1991)

In order to investigate the interaction between various sulfonated polyurethanes (PUs) and blood, a commercial PU surface was chemically modified by poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), dodecanediol(DDO), and propane sultone to give hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and negative sulfonated surfaces, respectively. The blood compatibility of modified PUs was evaluated by an in vitro platelet adhesion test, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and prothrombin time (PT) measurements as well as an ex vivo rabbit A-A shunt method. In the platelet adhesion test, the hydrophilic PEO grafted PUs showed less platelet adhesion than untreated PU and hydrophobic DDO grafted PU. Sulfonated PU-PEO exhibited a lower degree of adhesion and shape change of platelet. The APTT and PT, especially APTT, of the sulfonated PUs were extended, whereas those of PU-PEO and PU-DDO did not show any significant change compared with untreated PU. Meanwhile, in the ex vivo experiment, hydrophilic PEO grafted PUs showed longer occlusion times than untreated PU or hydrophobic DDO grafted PU. In addition, the incorporation of SO3 groups at the end of PU-DDO and PU-PEO, particularly PU-PEO-SO3, exhibited an enormous prolongation in occlusion time, indicating a synergistic effect of the hydrophilic PEO and the negative SO3 groups on thromboresistance. These occlusion times corresponded well to in vitro evaluation results: the less adhesion and shape change of platelet and the longer APTT and PT, the more extended the ex vivo occlusion time.
DECREASED RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL UPTAKE (PHOTOPENIA) IN DELAYED PHASE SCINTIGRAPHIC IMAGES IN THREE HORSES (2007)

Decreased radiopharmaceutical uptake, photopenia, in delayed phase scintigraphic images is recognized in people but has only been reported rarely in horses. We describe three horses with septic osteitis, bone sequestrum formation, or distal limb thrombosis that had photopenia of the affected extremity. Photopenia may indicate the presence of ischemia and can be used to facilitate clinical decision making and prognosis assessment
Re-tripping Discrimination of Bus Differential Protection When External Fault Transforms to Internal Fault (2014)

A protection start discrimination is proposed according to the variation of bus differential protection braking current during fault.After start,the protection relay analyzes the amplitudes variation characteristics of three differential current sampling points continuously,based on which the internal fault and external fault can be discriminated.When the fault is judged to be internal,differential protection is opened;when external,the differential protection is blocked.In order to guarantee reliable operation of differential protection when external fault transforms to internal fault,the re-tripping discrimination of differential protection needs to be switched in.Two differential protection re-tripping schemes for external fault transforming to internal fault based on the differential current sampling value is proposed.One is based on differential sampling value,the other is based on the differentiated differential sampling value.
End-Diastolic Volume (1992)

The relative value of pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) and right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI) as a reflection of the preload status of the critically ill was determined in 29 patients. Regression analysis of 131 hemodynamic studies demonstrated that cardiac index (CI) correlated better with RVEDVI (r = .61) than did PAWP (r = .42). Comparisons of PAWP and RVEDVI showed that possible misleading information concerning filling volume was provided by the PAWP at some time in 15 (52%) of these patients. In 15 patients given 22 fluid challenges, patients with a high PAWP (greater than or equal to 18 mm Hg) "responded" with a rise in CI more frequently than did patients with a low PAWP (less than 12 mm Hg). However, all eight patients with a RVEDVI less than 90 mL/m2 responded with a rise in CI, but all seven patients with a RVEDVI greater than or equal to 139 mL/m2 failed to respond. Thus, RVEDVI more accurately predicted preload recruitable increases in cardiac output.
Solidification Analysis of Steel Ingots with Consideration on Fluid Flow (1981)

A numerical technique of solidification analysis is presented, which is based on “Inner Nodal Point Method” and takes account of fluid flow induced by solidification shrinkage and variable fluid density. First, the effects of the coupling of heat and fluid f lows and the permeability in the mushy zone on the solidification have been analyzed for columnar steel ingots. The solidification was affected considerably by the permeability. A step-by-step method with a proper time step, where the equations for the heat and fluid flows are solved alternately, can be available instead of solving the equations simultaneously. Second, as numerical examples, the solidification process in tapered steel ingots has been analyzed. The experimental results about macrosegregations and porosity have been explained in terms of the ingot taper, the negative pressure, the velocity field, the fraction solid contour line and the movement of solid phase. Although the more precise analysis may request to consider the movement of solid phase and to use an accurate permeability, the proposed technique which can handle complicated boundary shape may be more useful for the determination of ingot shape and casting conditions than conventional ones.
Stimulation of goblet cell mucous secretion by activation of nerves in rat conjunctiva (1995)

An epithelial debridement wound, as a stimulus to the cornea, causes conjunctival goblet cell mucous secretion in that eye. To determine if this stimulation of secretion is neurally mediated, rats were anesthetized and the local anesthetic lidocaine (1%) or buffer alone was administered topically and/or subconjunctivally for 15 min. A corneal epithelial debridement wound was made in one eye. The contralateral eye served as the control. After 5-120 min, animals were sacrificed and inferior bulbar conjunctival buttons removed. Mucus in the goblet cells was stained with Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff's reagent to indicate mucin-containing goblet cells. The number of mucin-containing goblet cells/0.16 mm2 was determined by light microscopy; a decrease in number indicated an increase in mucous secretion. Stimulation by corneal wounding induced goblet cell mucous secretion in that eye. Secretion was observed as rapidly as 5 min after stimulus and for as long as 120 min. Topical application of lidocaine, subconjunctival injection of lidocaine, or a combination of both inhibited wound-induced stimulation of mucous secretion. We conclude that conjunctival goblet cell mucous secretion can be neurally mediated and could serve as an immediate response to protect the ocular surface.
정부주도 대학평가의 쟁점과 과제 (2017)

본 연구는 박근혜정부의 대학 특성화사업(CK), 학부교육 선도대학 육성사업(ACE), 산학협력선도대학 사업(LINC), 두뇌한국 21 플러스 사업(BK21 PLUS), 산학연계 교육활성화 선도대학 사업(PRIME) 및 대학구조개혁평가를 중심으로 정부주도 대학 평가의 쟁점과 과제를 논의하였다. 평가의 목표, 내용, 방법, 결과활용 측면에서 분석한 결과,...
1.2-V, 10-bit, 60–360 MS/s time-interleaved pipelined analog-to-digital converter in 0.18 µm CMOS with minimised supply headroom (2010)

A low-voltage 1.2-V, 10-bit, 60–360 MS/s six channels time-interleaved reset-opamp pipelined ADC is designed and implemented in a 0.18-µm CMOS (VTHN/VTHP=0.63 V/−0.65 V for mid-supply floating switches). Without using on-chip high-voltage and low-VT options, the proposed ADC employs low-voltage resistive-demultiplexing techniques, low-voltage gain-and-offset compensation, feedback current biasing to reduce the sensitivity of the bias current over process variations and current-mode sub-ADCs with static current sharing for a low-voltage time-interleaved implementation. Speed options of 60–360 MS/s are available with scalable power and they can be obtained by automatic selection of the number of time-interleaved channels. The chip measurement results show that the ADC exhibits a differential non-linearity (DNL)/integral non-linearity (INL) better than 0.9/1.2 LSB and a peak SNDR above 54 dB, for all speed options, while consuming 85 mW at 60 MS/s and 426 mW at 360 MS/s. The active die area is 13.2 mm2.
Zustandsermittlung und Instandsetzung von Betonbruecken (2000)

Obwohl Zustandsermittlung und Instandsetzung von Brueckenbauwerken eigentlich einfache Probleme sind, muss festgestellt werden, dass die Kosten der Instandsetzungen und der Aufwand an Lehrveranstaltungen zum Thema einen gegenteiligen Eindruck erwecken. Die Problematik wird zusammengefasst dargestellt. (A*)
Some Computations of Unsteady Navier-Stokes Flow Around Oscillating Airfoil/Wing (1988)

Unsteady Navier-Stokes calculations around an airfoil/wing are demonstrated in this paper. 2D transonic flutter simulations are performed about the NACA 64A010 airfoil using not only a diagonal form of a Beam-Warming scheme but also a non-diagonal form. The effects of time accuracy of the algorithms on the flutter boundaries are checked by comparing two results. 3D unsteady computations around an oscillating wing in elastic motions are also carried out and the obtained results are compared with experimental data. It is found that the diagonal form of a Beam-Warming scheme is efficient in predicting the flutter boundaries of airfoils where the flow is not separated. It is also demonstrated that the present 3D code gives results in agreement with experimental data and it can be used for 3D flutter simulation programs in a similar manner to 2D programs.
Simulation of Many-Body Fermi Systems on a Universal Quantum Computer (1997)

We provide fast algorithms for simulating many-body Fermi systems on a universal quantum computer. Both first and second quantized descriptions are considered, and the relative computational complexities are determined in each case. In order to accommodate fermions using a first quantized Hamiltonian, an efficient quantum algorithm for antisymmetrization is given. Finally, a simulation of the Hubbard model is discussed in detail.
Alternative Path Mediated ATP Synthesis in Roots of Pisum sativum upon Nitrogen Supply (1986)

Changes in the efficiency of root respiration were examined on intact plants of Pisum sativum L. cv Rondo after addition of nitrate or ammonium to the culture solutions. Nitrate was absorbed immediately after addition and elicited a respiratory rise (O(2)-uptake as well as CO(2)-production) to 160% at most. This occurred both in roots of plants fixing N(2) and in those of non-nodulated plants pregrown for 1 or 2 weeks on a nitrogen-free culture solution. In older plants, used after 2 weeks of N-free growth, the full capacity of the cytochrome path was engaged in root respiration. This was demonstrated by the absence of an effect of the uncoupler carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone in the presence of 25 millimolar salicylhydroxamate, an inhibitor of the alternative path. In these plants more than 90% of the nitrate-induced stimulation of root respiration was salicylhydroxamate-sensitive. In young plants, used after 1 week of N-free growth, the cytochrome path was not saturated. Its activity increased instantaneously at the expense of alternative path activity, which initially dropped to zero and subsequently increased to 160% of the control 7 hours after nitrate supply. The rate of photosynthesis rose to 120% of the control, but not before 1 hour after nitrate supply, suggesting that the stimulation of root respiration was not due to a higher rate of photosynthesis. Experiments with plants grown with a split-root system showed that respiration rate and alternative path activity only increased in the root halves exposed to nitrogen. Ammonium was equally effective as nitrate in stimulating root respiration. These results lead to the conclusion that alternative-path mediated root respiration contributes to synthesis of ATP during at least the first 24 hours following nitrogen supply.
Anemia and erythropoiesis-stimulating agent administration in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone ± rituximab chemotherapy: results from an observational study (2011)

CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) ± rituximab [(± R)CHOP] is the current standard of care for aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Anemia resulting from chemotherapy can be treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). As part of the observational IMPACT NHL study, data were collected on ESA use and anemia-related outcomes in 1829 adults receiving (± R)CHOP-14 or (± R)CHOP-21. Overall, 33% of patients were anemic during chemotherapy. Older age, lower baseline hemoglobin (Hb), worse performance status, more advanced disease stage, and use of CHOP-14 were significant predictors of transfusion and anemia in logistic regression models. ESAs were received by 404 patients, usually in response to low or declining Hb levels. Most patients (65%) had Hb 9-11 g/dL at ESA initiation, and 89% (Kaplan-Meier percentage) achieved Hb 10-12 g/dL. In conclusion, two-thirds of anemic patients with NHL receiving (± R)CHOP initiated ESA treatment at Hb 9-11 g/dL, and most achieved target Hb levels (10-12 g/dL).
Programming of the Pacing Impulse in Pacemakers Connected to Steroid Lead Systems (1995)

The purpose of the study was to compare the feasibility of low amplitude output programming (2.5 V/0.5 msec) 3 or more months after pacemaker implantation in patients receiving steroid and nonsteroid lead systems. Chronic pacing voltage, current, and energy thresholds were determined from 0.05- to 1.0-msec pulse duration in 44 patients with steroid lead systems, and in 36 patients with nonsteroid lead systems; all patients received pacemakers from the same manufacturer, which utilized the same programming and telemetry features. Chronaxie, pulse duration at the lowest pacing current, and energy were assessed from individual threshold curves. Steroid-eluting leads had significantly lower pacing voltage, current, and energy thresholds than nonsteroid leads. A 100% safety threshold margin could be achieved in 43 (98%) patients with steroid lead systems and in 27 (75%; P < 0.05) patients with nonsteroid lead systems with output programming of 2.5 V/0.5 msec. Chronaxie (0.22 +/- 0.17 msec vs 0.44 +/- 0.31 msec; P < 0.05), pulse duration at lowest pacing current (0.28 +/- 0.12 msec vs 0.49 +/- 0.22 msec; P < 0.05), and pulse duration at lowest pacing energy (0.31 +/- 0.17 msec vs 0.53 +/- 0.22 msec; P < 0.05) were significantly shorter for steroid than for nonsteroid lead systems. In 42 patients of the former group, a 100% safety margin could be maintained either with a 2.5 V/0.3 msec or with a 1.6 V/0.5 msec output. Conclusions Low amplitude output programming can be obtained in almost all pacemakers connected to steroid-eluting lead systems, and in a significantly higher number of patients than when connected with nonsteroid leads systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)