gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross Nucleation in Polyethylene with Precisely Spaced Ethyl Branches (2012)

In cross nucleation, an early nucleating crystalline polymorph (A) nucleates another crystalline polymorph (B) of higher or lower thermodynamic stability without undergoing a polymorphic transformation. Although this phenomenon was recently observed in the crystallization process of several small molecules, there has been insufficient evidence for cross nucleation in a crystalline polymer. In this paper, we report cross nucleation behavior during an isothermal crystallization of a crystalline polymer with precisely spaced branches. Polyethylene with ethyl branches on every 21st carbon exhibited growth of new spherulites at the growth front of an initially formed spherulite. The radial growth rate of the initially formed spherulite and the newly grown spherulite calculated from polarized optical microscope data were 0.76 μm/min and 1.01 μm/min, respectively. The growth rate of the newly grown spherulite is faster than that of the initially formed spherulite, which meets a required condition for cross nucleation. Scanning microbeam wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) confirmed that the crystalline polymorphs of the two kinds of spherulites are not the same.
Etching quartz crystals in anhydrous HF gas (2002)

Exposing quartz crystals to anhydrous HF gas at 400/spl deg/C results in a high density of helical etch channels, a white crusty surface, and other unusual features. The treatment results in a negligible thickness change. There is no similarity between the characteristics of these helical etch channels and the conventional etch channels produced by liquid etchants, nor is there a correlation between the incidence of helical etch channels and the type of quartz, or the surface finish. Exposure of quartz blanks to HF/H/sub 2/O vapors emanating from a 49% aqueous HF solution at /spl sim/20/spl deg/C resulted in conventional etch channels, faceting, and measurable frequency changes, indicating that the presence or absence of water is responsible for the differences in etching behaviors.
Best Practice Data Standards for Discrete Chemical Oceanographic Observations (2022)

Effective data management plays a key role in oceanographic research as cruise-based data, collected from different laboratories and expeditions, are commonly compiled to investigate regional to global oceanographic processes. Here we describe new and updated best practice data standards for discrete chemical oceanographic observations, specifically those dealing with column header abbreviations, quality control flags, missing value indicators, and standardized calculation of certain properties. These data standards have been developed with the goals of improving the current practices of the scientific community and promoting their international usage. These guidelines are intended to standardize data files for data sharing and submission into permanent archives. They will facilitate future quality control and synthesis efforts and lead to better data interpretation. In turn, this will promote research in ocean biogeochemistry, such as studies of carbon cycling and ocean acidification, on regional to global scales. These best practice standards are not mandatory. Agencies, institutes, universities, or research vessels can continue using different data standards if it is important for them to maintain historical consistency. However, it is hoped that they will be adopted as widely as possible to facilitate consistency and to achieve the goals stated above.
Intraaneurysmal flow visualization by using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging: feasibility study based on a geometrically realistic in vitro aneurysm model (2004)

The phase-contrast MR imaging method was able to depict the complex 3D intraaneurysmal flow structures in the in vitro aneurysm model. Detailed 3D intraaneurysmal flow information will be obtainable in vivo after improvements are made in spatial resolution, which is expected in the near future. The capability to visualize intraaneurysmal flow structures directly with the use of noninvasive MR imaging technology will have a positive impact on future clinical practice.
Predictive Flux-linkage Control for Novel Dual-Permanent-Magnet-Excited Machines (2018)

Compared with traditional permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs), dual-permanent-magnet-excited (DPME) machines belong to novel permanent magnet (PM) machines, which can offer high torque density so as to be very suitable for low-speed large-torque applications. Unlike traditional PMSMs, the pole-pair number (PPN) of armature windings is not equal to that of rotor PMs, so it is necessary to study the control strategy of the DPME machine. However, few investigations on the control strategy have been carried out, let alone a new control strategy, i.e., predictive control. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new predictive flux-linkage control (PFC) strategy for the DPME machine. The PFC strategy has been realized by building models in Simulink and the steady and transient results have validated the feasibility of the proposed PFC strategy for the DPME machine.
Functional Expression of H4 Histamine Receptor in Human Natural Killer Cells, Monocytes, and Dendritic Cells (2007)

We describe here the protein expression of H4 histamine receptor in cells of the innate immune system, which include NK cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs). Anti-H4R specifically stained permeabilized NK cells, THP-1 clone 15 monocytes, and DCs. This binding was inhibited by incubating anti-H4R Ab with its corresponding peptide. Histamine induced NK cells, THP-1 clone 15 cells, and DCs chemotaxis with high affinity. The ED(50) chemotactic effect was 5 nM, 6.8 nM, and 2.7 nM for NK cells, THP-1 clone 15 cells, and DCs, respectively. Thioperamide, an H3R/H4R antagonist, inhibited histamine-induced chemotaxis in all these cells. However, histamine failed to induce the mobilization of [Ca(2+)](i) in NK cells and THP-1 clone 15 cells, but it induced calcium fluxes in DCs. Using a new method of detecting NK cell-mediated cytolysis, it was observed that NK cells efficiently lysed K562 target cells and that histamine did not affect this NK cell activity. In summary, this is the first demonstration of the protein expression of H4 receptor in NK cells. Also, the results of the chemotactic effects of histamine on NK cells and THP-1 cells are novel. These results may shed some light on the colocalization of cells of innate immune arm at sites of inflammation. They are also important for developing drugs that target H4R for the treatment of various disorders, such as autoimmune and immunodeficient diseases.
Data from PAK Kinase Inhibition Has Therapeutic Activity in Novel Preclinical Models of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;To evaluate therapeutic activity of PAK inhibition in ATLL and to characterize the role of PAK isoforms in cell proliferation, survival, and adhesion of ATLL cells in preclinical models.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Frequency and prognostic impact of &lt;i&gt;PAK2&lt;/i&gt; amplification were evaluated in an ATLL cohort of 370 cases. Novel long-term cultures and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; xenograft models were developed using primary ATLL cells from North American patients. Two PAK inhibitors were used to block PAK kinase activity pharmacologically. siRNA-based gene silencing approach was used to genetically knockdown (KD) PAK1 and PAK2 in ATLL cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;PAK1/2/4 are the three most abundantly expressed PAK family members in ATLL. &lt;i&gt;PAK2&lt;/i&gt; amplifications are seen in 24% of ATLLs and are associated with worse prognosis in a large patient cohort. The pan-PAK inhibitor PF-3758309 (PF) has strong &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; activity in a variety of ATLL preclinical models. These activities of PF are likely attributed to its ability to target several PAK isoforms simultaneously because genetic silencing of either PAK1 or PAK2 produced more modest effects. PAK2 plays a major role in CADM1-mediated stromal interaction, which is an important step in systemic dissemination of the disease. This finding is consistent with the observation that &lt;i&gt;PAK2&lt;/i&gt; amplification is more frequent in aggressive ATLLs and correlates with inferior outcome.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;PAK2, a gene frequently amplified in ATLL, facilitates CADM1-mediated stromal interaction and promotes survival of ATLL cells. Taken together, PAK inhibition may hold significant promise as a targeted therapy for aggressive ATLLs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
EXPROS : Tools for exploratory experimentation with prosody (2008)

This demo paper presents EXPROS, a toolkit for experimentation with prosody in diphone voices. Although prosodic features play an im-portant role in human-human spoken dialogue, they are largely unexploited in current spoken dialogue systems. The toolkit contains tools for a number of purposes: for example extraction of prosodic features such as pitch, intensity and duration for transplantation onto synthetic ut-terances and creation of purpose-built custom-ized MBROLA mini-voices.
Oxidative Katalyse mit dem stöchiometrischen Oxidans als Reagens: eine effiziente Strategie für Einelektronentransfer‐induzierte Anion‐Radikal‐Tandemreaktionen (2014)

Abstract Oxidative katalytische Einelektronentransfer‐Tandemprozesse aus konjugierten Additions‐ und Radikalreaktionen, die das notwendige stöchiometrische Oxidans als Funktionalität im Produkt einbauen, werden vorgestellt.
Accuracy of iPhone Locations: A Comparison of Assisted GPS, WiFi and Cellular Positioning (2009)

Abstract The 3G iPhone was the first consumer device to provide a seamless integration of three positioning technologies: Assisted GPS (A‐GPS), WiFi positioning and cellular network positioning. This study presents an evaluation of the accuracy of locations obtained using these three positioning modes on the 3G iPhone. A‐GPS locations were validated using surveyed benchmarks and compared to a traditional low‐cost GPS receiver running simultaneously. WiFi and cellular positions for indoor locations were validated using high resolution orthophotography. Results indicate that A‐GPS locations obtained using the 3G iPhone are much less accurate than those from regular autonomous GPS units (average median error of 8 m for ten 20‐minute field tests) but appear sufficient for most Location Based Services (LBS). WiFi locations using the 3G iPhone are much less accurate (median error of 74 m for 58 observations) and fail to meet the published accuracy specifications. Positional errors in WiFi also reveal erratic spatial patterns resulting from the design of the calibration effort underlying the WiFi positioning system. Cellular positioning using the 3G iPhone is the least accurate positioning method (median error of 600 m for 64 observations), consistent with previous studies. Pros and cons of the three positioning technologies are presented in terms of coverage, accuracy and reliability, followed by a discussion of the implications for LBS using the 3G iPhone and similar mobile devices.
A Privacy-Preserving Learning Framework for Face Recognition in Edge and Cloud Networks (2020)

Offloading the computationally intensive workloads to the edge and cloud not only improves the quality of computation, but also creates an extra degree of diversity by collecting information from devices in service. Nevertheless, significant concerns on privacy are raised as the aggregated information could be misused without the permission by the third party. Sparse coding, which has been successful in computer vision, is finding application in this new domain. In this paper, we develop a secured face recognition framework to orchestrate sparse coding in edge and cloud networks. Specifically, 1). To protect the privacy, a low-complexity encrypting algorithm is developed based on random unitary transform, where its influence on dictionary learning and sparse representation is analysed. Furthermore, it is proved that such influence will not affect the accuracy of face recognition. 2). To fully utilize the multi-device diversity and avoid big data transmission between edge and cloud, a distributed learning framework is established, which extracts deeper features in an intermediate space, expanded according to the dictionaries from each device. Classification is performed in this new feature space to combat the noise and modeling error. Finally, the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated through simulation results.
ATE enabling technologies (2002)

A discussion of the current and emerging core technologies and philosophies that will enable Air Force personnel to quickly, accurately and intuitively diagnose faults in increasingly complex systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[Epidermoid cancer of the esophagus. Does the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy justify surgical abstention?]. (1989)

Nine inoperable patients with squamous esophageal cancer were selected from 112 patients treated with combination chemo-radiotherapy. The criteria of selection were: 1) localized cancer (T1 or T2 of the TNM classification), 2) complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy suggesting the possibility of a good survival, 3) and 65 Gy-irradiation in the previous tumor bed. Eight of these 9 carcinomas recurred locally after a median delay of 12.6 months after the end of the treatment (extremes: 2 and 30 months). Only one patient is free of disease 24 months after the end of the treatment. These results point out that this chemo-radiotherapeutic association is disappointing in the long term in terms of loco-regional tumoral control and survival, but appeared to be good palliative treatment. This is an argument against the attitude of physicians who currently recommended a non-surgical strategy and deny the value of surgery. The carcinologic surgical excision of esophageal cancers is still the best treatment today. It must be performed whenever it is feasible, possibly associated with complementary treatments (evaluated in prospective studies).
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TRANSMISSION POWER AND TCP THROUGHPUT FAIRNESS IN WIRELESS CDMA NETWORKS (2003)

Abstract: TCP protocols have scarce performance when transmitting over wireless channels. In fact, wireless medium is characterized by multipath fading and high time variability which lead to a great amount of losses in the transmitted packets. In such environments many new problems arise, the most serious of which are the decrease of throughput performance and the unfairness due to the great difference in the Round Trip Times (RTTs) of the connections sharing the same wireless link. In particular, the unfairness is related to the fact that the lower is the RTT of a connection, the higher is its throughput. In literature many solutions aimed at improving TCP fairness through modifications of the congestion avoidance algorithm have been proposed. However, all these solutions are not suitable for wireless networks because they still interpret transmission losses as congestion clue while it is not. In this paper it is demonstrated that the unfairness problem can be solved through appropriate power management. In particular, by letting connections with longer RTT transmit with stronger power, the proposed approach tries to increase the fairness. The performance evaluation is carried out using the NS2 Simulator and interesting simulation results are provided. In particular, it can be observed that, if compared to standard wireless CDMA solutions for transmission over wireless networks, the proposed approach allows to guarantee a good level of throughput and a higher fairness.
An Infrared Laser Spectrometer for the Mapping of Gaseous CO2 in the Headspace of Champagne Glasses (2020)

We report on the latest developments and applications of a near-infrared diode laser spectrometer for the monitoring and the mapping of gaseous carbon dioxide in the headspace of Champagne and sparkling wine glasses.
DC to 40 GHz coaxial-to-microstrip transition for 100- mu m-thick GaAs substrates (1989)

The design, design approach, and test results are presented for a simple coaxial-to-microstrip transition. The approach provides improved performance over the basic coaxial-to-microstrip transition by causing a TEM-to-quasi-TEM transformation through a tapering of the coaxial line for 432+or-51 mu m (<<6% of lambda /sub 0/ at 40 GHz) prior to impinging a portion of the resultant quasi-TEM field directly across the microstrip's dielectric at the coaxial-microstrip interface. Tests show that the return loss for the transition into a 50- Omega microstrip line on a 100- mu m-thick GaAs substrate is better than 16.9 dB per transition from 200 MHz to 40 GHz. A cover having a height of 1.9 mm and a width of 2.6 mm had little or no influence on test results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Survival vs. Death Pathways in the Thermally-Stressed Preimplantation Embryo. (2008)

Heat stress is one of the most serious environmental conditions compromising reproductive function in mammals. Anticipated increases in global temperature could reduce fertility in many species and makes identification of methods for reducing effects of heat stress on reproduction increasingly important. One of the characteristics of reproduction in heat-stressed females is increased embryonic mortality. This effect represents changes in the oocyte from which the embryo was derived as well as effects of elevated body temperature after fertilization on development. There is great plasticity in embryonic fate following exposure to elevated temperature (i.e., heat shock). Survival depends on stage of development, genotype, redox status and the surrounding milieu of regulatory molecules. In cattle, the species most studied, the embryo is very sensitive to heat shock soon after fertilization but then acquires resistance by Day 3-5 after insemination. Developmental acquisition of thermotolerance is likely to involve changes in antioxidant status and the acquisition of the capacity for apoptosis. There are also specific genes that confer thermotolerance. These have not been identified but are indicated by the observation that Bos indicus embryos are more resistant to heat shock than embryos from non-adapted B. taurus. Oxygen tension is an important determinant of embryonic survival to elevated temperature in vitro. This result indicates that either reactive oxygen species or hypoxia-induced factors are involved in cellular function of the heat-shocked embryo. Embryonic responses to heat shock are also reduced by actions of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I). Actions of IGF-I to allow development following heat shock are independent of its anti-apoptotic actions because inhibition of the phoshatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway through which IGF-I blocks apoptosis does not prevent thermoprotective effects of IGF-I on development. Elucidation of pathways for improving embryonic survival following heat shock creates the opportunity for new strategies to improve fertility in heat-stressed females. Moreover, many environmental perturbations activate similar cellular responses and, thus, molecular and cellular systems that improve embryonic survival after heat shock may confer protection from other embryotoxic conditions.
Dissolution of Cellose with Ionic Liquids (2002)

We report here initial results that demonstrate that cellulose can be dissolved without activation or pretreatment in, and regenerated from, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and other hydrophilic ionic liquids. This may enable the application of ionic liquids as alternatives to environmentally undesirable solvents currently used for dissolution of this important bioresource.
Infrared/terahertz double resonance for chemical remote sensing: signatures and performance predictions (2010)

Single resonance chemical remote sensing, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, has limited recognition specificity because of atmospheric pressure broadening. Active interrogation techniques promise much greater chemical recognition that can overcome the limits imposed by atmospheric pressure broadening. Here we introduce infrared - terahertz (IR/THz) double resonance spectroscopy as an active means of chemical remote sensing that retains recognition specificity through rare, molecule-unique coincidences between IR molecular absorption and a line-tunable CO<sub>2</sub> excitation laser. The laser-induced double resonance is observed as a modulated THz spectrum monitored by a THz transceiver. As an example, our analysis indicates that a 1 ppm cloud of CH<sub>3</sub>F 100 m thick can be detected at distances up to 1 km using this technique.
Smoothing of patterned gallium arsenide surfaces during epitaxial growth (2009)

Control over the surface structure of semiconductor films during growth is critical for devices of recent technological importance. Typically the length scales of interest range from nanometers to micrometers. Examples include the size and spacing of quantum dots in quantum dot lasers, and the pitch and amplitude of grating structures for distributed Bragg reflectors. Elastic light scattering has atomic height sensitivity to this surface structure, on lateral length scales as low as half the incident wavelength, and is easily implemented for in-situ monitoring during film growth [1]. For the smooth surfaces of interest here, the distribution of the scattered light intensity as a function of scattering angle directly maps out the power spectral density (PSD). The PSD gives the 'root mean square' roughness of the surface structure as a function of inverse length scale, or spatial frequency. Here we present in-situ light scattering measurements performed during III-V semiconductor film growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). We have used the technique to monitor the smoothing of one-dimensional grating structures during regrowth. For the regrowth experiments, the grating pitch was chosen such that the detection angle of the in-situ measurement coincided with the scattering peak associated with a harmonic of the grating periodicity. Because the initial shape of the patterned surface is known, it is possible to reconstruct the shape of the grating from the PSD as it evolves in time during growth. We find that for homoepitaxy of gallium arsenide (GaAs) on textured substrates, the time evolution follows the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) model [2].
AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO DESIGN MANAGEMENT. REPORT OF AN INFORMAL DISCUSSION HELD AT THE ICE ON 15 SEPTEMBER 1998. (1999)

Keywords AMEC DESIGN, LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY, WHITBY BIRD, SHEPPARD ROBSON LAING MANAGEMENT DESIGN, MANAGEMENT, METHODS, INNOVATION, PLANNING, MODELS... Show All
A Symmetric Derivative of the Trimetallic Nitride Endohedral Metallofullerene, Sc3N@C80 (2001)

The reaction of Sc3N@C80 with 6,7-dimethoxyisochroman-3-one (13C labeled) provides the first functionalized derivative of the trimetallic nitride template (TNT) endohedral metallofullerene family. The reaction mixture is dominated by a single 13C labeled monoadduct product that was purified by HPLC. The 13C labeled monoadduct was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The proposed structure for this novel symmetric monoadduct is consistent with derivatization at the [5,6] ring juncture on the Sc3N@C80 cage.