gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the USDA National Clonal Pyrus Germplasm Collection for Resistance to Podosphaera leucotricha (2006)

Powdery mildew (PM) occurs worldwide and is prevalent on susceptible cultivars wherever pears are grown, causing economic losses due to russeted fruit and an increased need for fungicides. A core subset of the Pyrus germplasm collection at the USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Corvallis, Ore., was evaluated for resistance to Podosphaera leucotricha , the causal agent of PM, using greenhouse and field inoculations of potted trees. The core collection consists of about 200 cultivars and species selections, representing most of the genetic diversity of pears and includes 31 Asian cultivars (ASN), 122 European cultivars (EUR), 9 EUR × ASN hybrids and 46 pear species selections. Three trees of each core accession were grafted on seedling rootstocks. In 2001–02, trees were artificially inoculated in a greenhouse, grown under conditions conducive for PM, and evaluated for symptoms. The same trees were subsequently evaluated for PM symptoms from natural field infections during 2003 and 2004. In the greenhouse, 95% of EUR and 38% of ASN were infected with PM. Average PM incidence (percent of leaves infected) in the greenhouse (8% for ASN and 30% for EUR) was much higher than incidence in the field (2% for ASN and 5% for EUR) during 2003. Symptoms were also more severe in the greenhouse, with 46% of ASN and 83% of EUR with PM symptoms having a mean PM incidence of &gt;10%. In the field, 42% and 22% of EUR and 23% and 13% of ASN were infected with P. leucotricha in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Field infection was very low during both years, with percentage leaves infected in ASN and species selections significantly different from EUR. In the field, 6% of ASN with PM symptoms had a mean PM incidence &gt;10% during both years, while 15% and 2% of EUR accessions with PM symptoms had a mean PM incidence &gt;10% in 2003 and 2004 respectively. These results should be very useful to pear breeding programs to develop improved PM resistant cultivars in the future, by using accessions with consistent low PM ratings.
Randomized phase II/III trial assessing gemcitabine/carboplatin (GC) and methotrexate/carboplatin/vinblastine (M-CAVI) in patients (pts) with advanced urothelial cancer (UC) “unfit” for cisplatin based chemotherapy (CHT): Updated phase II results and risk group analysis of EORTC study 30986 (2008)

5031 Background: The primary objective of the phase II part of this study was to evaluate activity and safety of two CHT combinations in pts with UC “unfit” for cisplatin based chemotherapy. Methods: CHT naïve pts with measurable disease and an impaired renal function (GFR<60 but >30 ml/min) and/or performance status 2 were randomized to receive either GC (G 1000 mg/m ² d1&8 and C AUC 4.5) q21days or M-CAVI (M 30 mg/m² d1&15&22, CA AUC 4.5 d1 and VI 3 mg/m² d1&15&22) q28 days. A two stage Bryant and Day design was used with endpoints response and severe acute toxicity (SAE) which were evaluated with respect to renal function, performance status and Bajorin risk groups. Results: 3 of 178 pts from 28 institutions who were ineligible or did not start treatment are excluded. 16/175 pts received only 1 cycle for reasons other than progression or toxicity. SAEs were mucositis gr3, 1.1% vs 5.7%, thrombocytopenia 3/4 with bleeding 18.1% vs 1.1%, neutropenic fever 3/4 5.7% vs 14.9%, renal toxicity 3/4 5.7% vs 8.0% and death due to treatment 2.3% vs 4.6% for GC and M-CAVI, respectively. Overall response rates (ORRs) and SAEs by treatment arm and risk groups are summarized below (see table). Conclusions: Both combinations are active in this well defined group of purely unfit patients. However in pts with PS2 and GFR<60 ml/min or Bajorin risk group 2, ORRs with GC and M-CAVI are low and toxicity high. Alternative treatment modalities should be sought in this subgroup of very poor risk patients. ORRs and SAEs by treatment arm and risk groups Only 1 cycle n=16/175 (%) ORR (%) SAEs (%) PS2 or GFR<60 7/129 (5) 40 16 PS2 & GFR<60 9/46 (20) 26 26 Bajorin 0 4/68 (6) 47 16 1 2/58 (3) 38 16 2 10/49 (20) 20 24 GC 6/88 (7) 42 14 M-CAVI 10/87 (11) 31 23 ORR=overal response rates; SAE=severe acute toxicity Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Eli Lilly Eli Lilly
Effects of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources in the Medium on Tremella mesenterica Retz.:Fr. (Heterobasidiomycetes) Growth and Polysaccharide Production (2003)

The effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources, as well as of the initial medium pH, on Tremella mesenterica growth and polysaccharide production in submerged cultivation was investigated. Maximal biomass and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production was achieved when using sucrose, maltose, or mannitol as the only carbon source and peptone or corn steep liquor as the nitrogen source (yield of crude mycelium-polysaccharide ethanol precipitate reached 21–23 g/L). It has been shown that the yield of biomass and polysaccharides correlates with carbon source concentration in the medium. The EPS production improved threefold with increasing initial sucrose concentration from 1 to 6%. The levels of EPS production by the fungus grown at an initial pH of 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 were, respectively, 11.7, 11.0, and 6.7 g/L. The cultivation process in shake flasks could be successfully reproduced in a laboratory bioreactor. The maximum mycelium-polysaccharide precipitate yield reached in 3 and 4 days of fermentation was 28.3 and 31.4 g/L, respectively.
Implementing Public Health Policies in practice: how Local Health Authority Roma 1 managed the Ukrainian refugee crisis (2023)

Population Medicine considers the following types of articles:• Research Papers -reports of data from original research or secondary dataset analyses.• Review Papers -comprehensive, authoritative, reviews within the journal's scope.These include both systematic reviews and narrative reviews.• Short Reports -brief reports of data from original research.• Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level.• Study Protocols -articles describing a research protocol of a study.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.
BER estimation of QPSK homodyne detection with carrier phase estimation using digital signal processing (2006)

An approximate analytical expression for the bit error rate of a QPSK homodyne receiver employing digital signal processing for carrier recovery is derived. BER estimated using the analytical expression is in excellent agreement with Monte-Carlo simulations. The analytical approximation leads to an intuitive understanding of the trade off in such systems and allows optimization of system parameters without resorting to Monte-Carlo simulations.
Activity of the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Muscle Networks of the Malpighian Tubules and the Ureter in the Female Stable Fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (1997)

The four Malpighian tubules observed in the female stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are divided into an anterior dorsal pair and a posterior ventral pair. Intrinsic muscles were found only in the short proximal section (ureter) of each pair of tubules that emptied into the midgut. Isolated preparations of the ureter demonstrated four types of organized rhythmic activity: compression, peristalsis, reverse peristalsis, and segmentation. Compression caused a momentary (0.4 to 0.6 sec) shortening of the longitudinal muscle fibers in a localized region of the ureter. Peristalsis was the dominant type of activity. Each wave progressed along the duct with a duration that ranged from 0.9 to 1.7 sec. Segmentation consisted of a localized annular constriction of the ureter without progression that lasted for a duration of 0.3 to 0.6 sec. The large distal ends of the dorsal pair of tubules showed spontaneous movement in situ. Close examination revealed a network of extrinsic muscle cells attached to the distal tubular ends. The motile properties of the extrinsic muscles were slower and not as complex as those of the ureter. The sequence from the resting state to contraction and return was much longer with durations that ranged from 10.8 to 27.1 sec. Also, the time for peak tension was 5 to 25.9 sec in duration. The extrinsic muscles did not show the organized and rhythmic activity observed in the ureter.
A brief history of genetic variation analysis. (2002)

As the human genome sequence is determined, there is an emerging need for the analysis of human sequence variations as genetic markers in diagnosis, linkage and association studies, cancer research, and pharmacogenomics. There are several different techniques and approaches for detecting these genetic variations, and here we review some of these techniques and their application fields. However, all the techniques have advantages and disadvantages, andfactors such as laboratory instrumentation, personnel experience, required accuracy, required throughput, and cost often have to be taken into account before selecting a method.
Accountability and Recent Developments in Nursing (2004)

Contemporary intensive care nurses are confronted daily with accelerated changes and unprecedented challenges. While advancements in critical care and medical technologies may reflect good intentions for patient care, misguided nursing development may pose a sea of fallibility for intensive care nursing. Conceivably, complex technological developments provoke exponential alienation of intensive care nurses from essential nursing duties. Accountability of the nurse is crucial. A winter of discontent is evident as intensive care nurses assume new roles amidst the new technology. Several themes will be presented in this article.
Optical and EPR properties of point defects at a crystalline silica surface:Ab initioembedded-cluster calculations (2007)

We have studied the structure and spectroscopic properties of the paramagnetic nonbridging oxygen hole center and of the ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ center at the hydroxylated silica surfaces using density functional theory and an embedded-cluster model. To investigate the influence of the local environment on the defect properties, three crystalline polymorphs of ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ were considered: the edingtonite(100), $\ensuremath{\beta}$-cristobalite(111), and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-quartz(0001) surfaces. The calculations reproduce the essential properties of the centers: the $g$ tensor and the optical transitions between well localized defects states are in excellent agreement with the experimental data for the silica surface. The hyperfine coupling constants agree well with the experimental findings. The overall absorption spectra are in qualitative agreement with the experiment. We discuss the advantages and limitations of our approach in describing the properties of hydroxylated amorphous silica surface.
Smart textiles for healthcare: applications and technologies (2014)

Smart textiles are considered to be a new niche for products with great potentials on the textile and apparel market. Generally, smart textiles are referred as textile products with additional value, i.e. they have the common properties of textiles, but insure additional functions, providing attractive solutions for a wide range of application fields, such as healthcare, clothing for protection and sports and technical textiles for automotive industry. However, manufacturing of smart textile products demands a complex and innovative technological approach, combing conventional textile manufacturing technologies as weaving, knitting and embroidery with technologies originating from the electronic sphere, such as coating, lithography and ink-jet printing. Thus, functionalization of textiles may be processed at different levels, i.e. from fibres till fabric or even ready-made clothing. Understanding of drivers, state-of the-art and tendencies in smart textiles ensures further efficient development technology and its interaction with manufactures and consumers. The paper explores and systematically describes applications of smart textiles for healthcare with sensing and actuating functions and introduces to the main principles of technology for textile sensor manufacturing.
A study on autonomous learning mechanism of Cognitive robot (2015)

Aiming at the movement balance control problem of the robot, this paper presents a sensorimotor system Cognitive model based on operant conditioning principle, and researches the working cooperation among its interior nerve organs, so that a sensorimotor system is established. The Cognitive model can realize the sensorimotor mapping from states to actions by supervised learning, and carry out the probabilistic choice based on operant conditioning principle to actions using the action forecast evaluation results, thereby, the robot obtains the self-learning ability like human or animal through interacting, studying and training with the unknown environment, and realized the movement balance control to the robot. Consequently, the paper makes some simulation experiments on the robot, and the results indicate that this model has the better Cognitive characters and make the robot master the movement balance control skill through autonomic learning.
Swine Genome Sequencing Consortium (SGSC): a strategic roadmap for sequencing the pig genome (2005)

The Swine Genome Sequencing Consortium (SGSC) was formed in September 2003 by academic, government and industry representatives to provide international coordination for sequencing the pig genome. The SGSC's mission is to advance biomedical research for animal production and health by the development of DNAbased tools and products resulting from the sequencing of the swine genome. During the past 2 years, the SGSC has met bi-annually to develop a strategic roadmap for creating the required scientific resources, to integrate existing physical maps, and to create a sequencing strategy that captured international participation and a broad funding base. During the past year, SGSC members have integrated their respective physical mapping data with the goal of creating a minimal tiling path (MTP) that will be used as the sequencing template. During the recent Plant and Animal Genome meeting (January 16, 2005 San Diego, CA), presentations demonstrated that a human-pig comparative map has been completed, BAC fingerprint contigs (FPC) for each of the autosomes and X chromosome have been constructed and that BAC end-sequencing has permitted, through BLAST analysis and RH-mapping, anchoring of the contigs. Thus, significant progress has been made towards the creation of a MTP. In addition, whole-genome (WG) shotgun libraries have been constructed and are currently being sequenced in various laboratories around the globe. Thus, a hybrid sequencing approach in which 3x coverage of BACs comprising the MTP and 3x of the WG-shotgun libraries will be used to develop a draft 6x coverage of the pig genome.
Metal-based antitumour drugs in the post-genomic era: what comes next? (2011)

In our Dalton Transactions Perspective article entitled, 'Metal-based antitumour drugs in the post genomic era', (Dalton Trans., 2006, 1929-1933) we discussed metal-based drugs in light of past decades of research. We concluded that the post-genomic era would dictate a change in the direction of the field with knowledge of the genome increasingly allowing protein targets to be identified and not simply assuming that DNA is the only relevant target of metal-based drugs. Since our article was published new insights into the mode of action of metal-based drugs have emerged making some older findings increasingly relevant to current drug design. In this article we discuss these developments in terms of what we believe should be the future direction for the field.
Evaluation of multimodal feedback effects on improving rowing competencies (2011)

This study focused on the selection and preliminary evaluation of different types of modal and information feedback in virtual environment to facilitate acquisition and transfer of a complex motor-cognitive skill of rowing. Specifically, we addressed the effectiveness of immediate information feedback provided visually as compared to sensory haptic feedback on the improvement in hands kinematics and changes in cognitive load during the course of learning the basic rowing technique. Several pilot experiments described in this report lead to the evaluation and optimization of the training protocol, to enhance facilitatory effects of adding visual and haptic feedback during training.
A Compact 6 MeV Pulsed Electron Accelerator (1983)

A compact 6 MeV electron accelerator has been built and tested. The unit uses an axially coupled S-band standing wave structure driven by a magnetron source that delivers a 2 MW peak power, 4 μs pulse at 300 pps. The structure (including gun and high voltage feedthrough) is 12 cm diameter and 90 cm long. The gun is a novel telefocus design. The electron source is a 5.5 mm diameter loop of carburized thoriated tungsten wire in an electrode-focus coil geometry that produces a 40 keV input beam of s 30 π mm mrad emittance at 25 mrad convergence half-angle. The gun is rugged, insensitive to mechanical shock, and requires only 7 watts of filament power to achieve 400 mA emission under operating pressures. The whole accelerator-gun package can be baked at 350°C, although a base pressure of 3 × 10-7 Pa is achieved with 24 hours of bakeout at only 150°C. At an output current of 100 mA (peak) in the pulse, the beam produces dose rates of more than 300 RMM+ on axis when uising a 4 mm copper bremsstrahlung target. This roughly translates into a clinical flattened dose rate of 200 RMM over a 35 × 35 cm field. The accelerator package is straightforward to manufacture and could easily be reduced in length for specific applications.
One-Shot phase-recovery using a Cellphone RGB Camera on a Jamin-Lebedeff Microscope (2019)

Abstract Jamin-Lebedeff (JL) polarization interference microscopy is a classical method for determining the change in the optical path of transparent tissues. Whilst a differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy interferes an image with itself shifted by half a point spread function, the shear between the object and reference image in a JL-microscope is about half the field of view. The optical path difference (OPD) between the sample and reference region (assumed to be empty) is encoded into a colour by white-light interference. From a colour-table, the Michel-Levy chart, the OPD can be deduced. In cytology JL-imaging can be used as a way to determine the OPD which closely corresponds to the dry mass per area of cells in a single image. Like in other interference microscopy methods (e.g. holography), we present a phase retrieval method relying on single-shot measurements only, thus allowing real-time quantitative phase measurements. This is achieved by adding several customized 3D-printed parts (e.g. rotational polarization-filter holders) and a modern cellphone with an RGB-camera to the Jamin-Lebedeff setup, thus bringing an old microscope back to life. The algorithm is calibrated using a reference image of a known phase object (e.g. optical fiber). A gradient-descent based inverse problem generates an inverse look-up-table (LUT) which is used to convert the measured RGB signal of a phase-sample into an OPD. To account for possible ambiguities in the phase-map or phase-unwrapping artifacts we introduce a total-variation based regularization. We present results from fixed and living biological samples as well as reference samples for comparison.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Pyrrolide-Diimine Complexes of Chromium (2007)

Lithium 2,5-bis{[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]methyl}pyrrol-1-ide (LiL) reacts with [CrCl 3 (thf) 3 ] to yield the octahedral complex [(η 2 -L)CrCl 2 (thf) 2 ] ( 1 ), in which only two of the three potential nitrogen donors are coordinated to chromium. In the presence of various alkyl aluminum cocatalysts, 1 catalyzes the polymerization of ethylene. Attempts to prepare alkyl derivatives of 1 were thwarted by an apparent disproportionation, yielding divalent [(η 2 -L)(η 1 -L)Cr(thf)] ( 2 ). The molecular structures of 1 and 2 have been determined by X-ray diffraction. The structure of 2 is unusual in that it features weak, but equivalent interactions of both imine groups of the η 1 -pyrrolide ligands with the chromium, giving rise to an approximately octahedral coordination geometry with two extremely long Cr-N distances.
Circular of the Bureau of Standards no. 484: (1949)

The spectrophotometer has long been recognized as a valuable analytical and standardizing instrument. For over 100 years photographic methods in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, and visual methods in the visible region have afforded valuable means of research in the properties of matter., and the study of chemical structure. At first the spectrophotometer was seldom found outside of the college laboratory. Later it became a basic instrument also in the standardizing laboratory. With the development of the photoelectric cell, and the resulting design and construction of photoelectric instruments-direct reading, rapid to use, some of them automatically operated-the spectrophotometer found widespread use in the commercial laboratory, and thousands of them are now in daily use in research or control work.
Influence of the Physical, Structural and Chemical Properties on the Photoresponse Property of Magnetron Sputtered TiO<SUB>2</SUB> for the Application of Water Splitting (2011)

The production of hydrogen from water (called "water splitting"), utilises sunlight as an energy source (solar-hydrogen) in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar cell, is a promising source of green energy. In this work, a PEC was used, for evaluating the photoactivity of a thin film TiO2 based photoanode by measuring photocurrent (which is comparable to hydrogen production rate by water splitting process in PEC). The main focus of this work is to study the effect of the TiO2 nanosurface and bulk properties on the photoresponse properties of the photoanode. The TiO2 coatings (360-400 nm) were deposited using a closed field reactive magnetron sputtering system. The structure and morphology of the TiO2 coatings were systematically altered by varying the deposition pressure between 5 x 10(-4) to 1 x 10(-2) mbar. The properties of the deposited nano-coatings were determined using Ellipsometry, SEM, AFM, profilometry, XPS, Raman and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Coating properties were correlated with the light absorption and photocurrent performance which were evaluated using UV-Vis spectroscopy and tri-electrode potentiostat measurements respectively. It was concluded from this study that the coating deposition pressure has a pronounced effect on the TiO2 photoanode properties leading to a significant enhancement in the photoactivity in PEC cell. Over a six fold increase in photocurrent at applied potential 0 V was observed for TiO2 photoanode prepared at 4 x 10(-3) mbar as compared to 5 x 10(-4) mbar. A correlation has been established between the deposition pressure, nano surface morphology and bulk properties, UV-Vis light absorbance and bandgap value, and the consequently higher (i) photocurrent density, (ii) negative flat band, and (iii) open circuit potential measured in Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell.