gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Anticonvulsant Response to Valproate in Kindled Rats Is Correlated with Its Effect on Neuronal Firing in the Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata: A New Mechanism of Pharmacoresistance (2011)

Resistance to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is a major problem in epilepsy treatment. However, mechanisms of resistance are only incompletely understood. We have recently shown that repeated administration of the AED phenytoin allows selecting resistant and responsive rats from the amygdala kindling model of epilepsy, providing a tool to study mechanisms of AED resistance. We now tested whether individual amygdala-kindled rats also differ in their anticonvulsant response to the major AED valproate (VPA) and which mechanism may underlie the different response to VPA. VPA has been proposed to act, at least in part, by reducing spontaneous activity in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), a main basal ganglia output structure involved in seizure propagation, seizure control, and epilepsy-induced neuroplasticity. Thus, we evaluated whether poor anticonvulsant response to VPA is correlated with low efficacy of VPA on SNr firing rate and pattern in kindled rats. We found (1) that good and poor VPA responders can be selected in kindled rats by repeatedly determining the effect of VPA on the electrographic seizure threshold, and (2) a significant correlation between the anticonvulsant response to VPA in kindled rats and its effect on SNr firing rate and pattern. The less VPA was able to raise seizure threshold, the lower was the VPA-induced reduction of SNr firing rate and the VPA-induced regularity of SNr firing. The data demonstrate for the first time an involvement of the SNr in pharmacoresistant experimental epilepsy and emphasize the relevance of the basal ganglia as target structures for new treatment options.
On-line measurement validation through confidence level based optimal estimation of a process variable (2004)

In a continuous chemical process, the accuracy and reliability of process and analytical measurements creates the basis for control system performance and ultimately for product uniformity. Measurement results, whether from fast on-line measurement devices or from sample-based laboratory analyses, is the key for selecting the method for process control and analysis. Intelligent and advanced control methods, exploiting measurements, are of no benefit, if the measurements cannot be trusted. This report presents results from project where target was to develop validation and estimation method for combining real-time redundant signals, consisting of sensor data, and analytical measurements. The validation of on-line measurement uses less frequently updated but more accurate information to validate frequently updated but less accurate on-line measurements. Validation and estimation of measurements are the keys and prerequisites to efficient calibration of on-line measurement device. An estimate of the measured variable is obtained as a weighted average of the on-line measurements and laboratory analyses. The weighting coefficients are recursively updated in real time when new analyse and measurement results are available. The uncertainty of laboratory analysis must be below a specific limit, or the basic assumption of laboratory analyse being reliable and used as reference to on-line measurement device can not be used. The calibration and estimation filter has been tested by several data sets collected from an operating plant. The calculation of optimal estimate can be used in several industrial applications to produce additional information for more precise process control. In addition, pre-processed data can be used to calculate a “need for maintenance indicator” to warn the operator for sensor breakdowns, wearing or deterioration and detect calibration needs. The operator’s workload is thereby reduced especially in problematic situations where measurement and validation signals are not in convergent, by offering calculated best estimation.
Changes in Default Alarm Settings and Standard In-Service are Insufficient to Improve Alarm Fatigue in an Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Project (2016)

Changing default alarm settings and standard in-service education on cardiac monitor use are insufficient to improve alarm systems safety. Alarm management in ICUs is very complex, involving alarm management practices by clinicians, availability of unit policies and procedures, unit layout, complexity and usability of monitoring devices, and adequacy of training on system use. The complexity of the newer monitoring systems requires urgent usability testing and multidimensional interventions to improve alarm systems safety and to attain the Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goal on alarm systems safety in critical care units.
Tactile tracking of arteries in robotic surgery (2003)

Locating arteries hidden beneath superficial tissue can be a difficult task in minimally invasive surgery. This paper reports the development of a system that finds the paths of arteries using tactile sensing. The surgeon begins by using the surgical robot to place the tactile sensor instrument on a known artery location. Signal processing algorithms locate the artery from its pulsatile pressure variation. An adaptive extrapolation algorithm then generates predicted locations for the artery based on previous measurements. After moving to the predicted location, if the artery is not located then a backtracking mechanism moves the sensor towards previously detected locations. Tests with model arteries show good tracking ability for circular arcs with curvatures as small as 80 mm, although problems with compliance in the system result in occasional loss of the artery path. Preliminary tests demonstrate the ability to transcutaneously track the radial artery in the human wrist.
Cholera and climate: a demonstrated relationship. (2009)

Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is naturally present in the environment and autochthonous to coastal and estuarine ecosystems. V. cholerae is associated with copepods for its survival and multiplication in the natural environment. Changes in the density of its reservoir may result in modification of the bacterial population size in the environment. In this context, climate and/or environmental changes will influence the emergence of cholera in human populations. Several human pathogens are naturally occurring in the aquatic environment and can pose a threat to public health, including V. cholerae. We present results of a project, the goal of which was to improve the understanding of environmental factors associated with occurrence and distribution of the causative agent of cholera in time and space. The system that was developed provides real-time as well as short-term to seasonal forecasts of the likelihood of occurrence of V. cholerae in the Chesapeake Bay. The system, and potential future improved versions of it, may be useful to public health officials concerned with environmental factors influencing human health.
Circulating MicroRNA: Incident Asthma Prediction and Vitamin D Effect Modification (2021)

Of children with recurrent wheezing in early childhood, approximately half go on to develop asthma. MicroRNAs have been described as excellent non-invasive biomarkers due to their prognostic utility. We hypothesized that circulating microRNAs can predict incident asthma and that that prediction might be modified by vitamin D. We selected 75 participants with recurrent wheezing at 3 years old from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART). Plasma samples were collected at age 3 and sequenced for small RNA-Seq. The read counts were normalized and filtered by depth and coverage. Logistic regression was employed to associate miRNAs at age 3 with asthma status at age 5. While the overall effect of miRNA on asthma occurrence was weak, we identified 38 miRNAs with a significant interaction effect with vitamin D and 32 miRNAs with a significant main effect in the high vitamin D treatment group in VDAART. We validated the VDAART results in Project Viva for both the main effect and interaction effect. Meta-analysis was performed on both cohorts to obtain the combined effect and a logistic regression model was used to predict incident asthma at age 7 in Project Viva. Of the 23 overlapped miRNAs in the stratified and interaction analysis above, 9 miRNAs were replicated in Project Viva with strong effect size and remained in the meta-analysis of the two populations. The target genes of the 9 miRNAs were enriched for asthma-related Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways. Using logistic regression, microRNA hsa-miR-574-5p had a good prognostic ability for incident asthma prognosis with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.83. In conclusion, miRNAs appear to be good biomarkers of incident asthma, but only when vitamin D level is considered.
Minimizing content staleness in dynamo-style replicated storage systems (2018)

Consistency in data storage systems requires any read operation to return the most recent written version of the content. In replicated storage systems, consistency comes at the price of delay due to large-scale write and read operations. Many applications with low latency requirements tolerate data staleness in order to provide high availability and low operation latency. Using age of information as the staleness metric, we examine a data updating system in which real-time content updates are replicated and stored in a Dynamo-style quorum-based distributed system. A source sends updates to all the nodes in the system and waits for acknowledgements from the earliest subset of nodes, known as a write quorum. An interested client fetches the update from another set of nodes, defined as a read quorum. We analyze the staleness-delay tradeoff in replicated storage by varying the write quorum size. With a larger write quorum, an instantaneous read is more likely to get the latest update written by the source. However, the age of the content written to the system is more likely to become stale as the write quorum size increases. For shifted exponential distributed write delay, we derive the age optimized write quorum size that balances the likelihood of reading the latest update and the freshness of the latest update written by the source.
Autoregulation of zonal glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow in spontaneously hypertensive rats (1995)

Autoregulation of total and zonal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in outer, middle and inner cortex was estimated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), from the tubular uptake of 125I-labeled aprotinin (125I-Ap), injected at control renal arterial pressure (RAP), and 131I-Ap, injected at reduced RAP in left kidney. Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as controls. Renal blood flow (RBF) autoregulation was reset to higher pressure levels in SHR. When RAP was lowered close to the lower pressure limit of RBF autoregulation, total GFR was reduced to 89.5 +/- 3.1 and 88.1 +/- 3.3% of control in 10- and 40-wk WKY and to 87.7 +/- 2.3 and 88.0 +/- 2.2% in 10- and 40-wk SHR. In WKY, the fall of GFR in the three cortical layers was not different during RAP reduction. In 10- and 40-wk-old SHR, however, GFR fell significantly less in inner than in middle and outer cortex (P < 0.05). We conclude that autoregulation of GFR is most efficient in the inner cortex of SHR. In all animals, GFR was less well autoregulated than RBF.
Oriented assembly of anisotropic particles by capillary interactions (2008)

Partially wet anisotropic particles at an otherwise planar fluid interface create distortions as the interface bends to satisfy boundary conditions at the three phase contact line. Overlapping distortions create capillary interactions that depend strongly on the particle shape. Since the excess surface area associated with the distortions can be locally elevated at certain regions near the particle, the resulting capillary interactions drive assembly in preferred orientations. In this work, arguments relating particle aspect ratio to the preferred orientation for assembly are developed for particles of constant cross section. End-to-end registry of particle faces is achieved by exploiting short-range capillary interactions between particles with complex end faces. Finally, insoluble surfactant monolayers are used to arrest the assembly process.
Pyramidal Stability of 16-Electron Half-Sandwich Intermediates [CpRu(P−P)]+ with P−P Ligands Forming Four- to Six-Membered Chelate Rings (2009)

This paper reports the synthesis, isomer separation, and X-ray characterization of the compounds (SRu,SC)-/(RRu,SC)-[CpRu(Chairphos)Cl], Chairphos = (S)-1,3-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)butane, and cis-/trans-[CpRu(Dppm-Me)Cl], Dppm-Me = 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane. The Cl/I exchange reactions proceeded with predominant retention of the metal configuration, accompanied by some inversion, except for trans-[CpRu(Dppm-Me)Cl], which was stereospecifically converted to trans-[CpRu(Dppm-Me)I]. Temperature-dependent kinetic measurements afforded rates and activation parameters of the Cl/I exchange and epimerization reactions that follow basilica-type energy profiles. Dissociation of Cl− from [CpRu(Chairphos)Cl] and [CpRu(Dppm-Me)Cl] gives pyramidal intermediates [CpRu(Chairphos)]+ and [CpRu(Dppm-Me)]+, which maintain the metal configuration. The 16-electron intermediates can react with excess I− to form the iodo complexes with retention of the metal configuration, or they can change the metal configuration by pyramidal inversion, leading to formation of iodo complexes with inverted metal configuration. The kinetic measurements show that the pyramidal inversion via planar transition states depends on the P−Ru−P′ angles. It increases with decreasing chelate ring size, because small P−Ru−P′ angles resist planarization in the transition, which requires larger P−Ru−P′ angles.
A comparison of carbon monoxide retrievals between the MOPITT satellite and Canadian High-Arctic ground-based NDACC and TCCON FTIR measurements (2022)

Abstract. Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) is an instrument on NASA’s Terra satellite that has measured tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) from early 2000 to the present day. Validation of data from satellite instruments like MOPITT is often conducted using ground-based measurements to ensure the continued accuracy of the space-based instrument’s measurements and its scientific results. Previous MOPITT validation studies generally found a larger bias in the MOPITT data poleward of 60 °N. In this study, we use data from 2006 to 2019 from the Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR) located at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) in Eureka, Nunavut, Canada to validate the MOPITT Version 8 retrievals. These comparisons utilize mid- and near-infrared FTIR measurements made as part of the Network for the Detection for Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), respectively. All MOPITT version 8 retrievals within a 1° radius from the PEARL Ridge Laboratory and within a 24-hour time interval are used in this validation study. MOPITT retrieval products include those from the near-infrared (NIR) channel, the thermal infrared (TIR) channel, and a joint product from the thermal and near-infrared (TIR-NIR) channels. Each channel’s detector has four pixels. We calculated the MOPITT pixel-to-pixel biases for each pixel, which were found to vary based on the season and surface type (land or water). The systematic bias for pixel 1 over land is larger than that for other pixels, which can reach up to 20 ppb. We use a small-region approximation method to find filtering criteria. We then apply the filters to the MOPITT dataset to minimize the MOPITT pixel bias and the number of outliers in the dataset. The sensitivity of each MOPITT pixel and each product is examined over the Canadian high Arctic. We then follow the methodologies recommended by NDACC and TCCON for the comparison between the FTIR and satellite total column retrievals. MOPITT averaging kernels are used to weight the NDACC and TCCON retrievals and take into account the different vertical sensitivities between the satellite and PEARL FTIR measurements. We use a modified Taylor diagram to present the comparison results from each pixel for each product over land and water with NDACC and TCCON measurements. Our results show overall consistency between MOPITT and the NDACC and TCCON measurements. When compared to the FTIR, the NIR MOPITT retrievals have a positive bias of 3–10 % depending on the pixel. The bias values are negative for the TIR product, with values between ~5 % and 0 %. The joint TIR-NIR products show differences of ~4 % to 7 %. The drift in MOPITT biases (in units of %year-1) relative to NDACC and TCCON varies by MOPITT data product. In the NIR, drifts versus TCCON are smaller than those versus NDACC, however, this scenario is reversed for the MOPITT TIR and joint TIR-NIR products.
Transglutaminases in skin epidermis. (2006)

Skin functions as a stable, physical and chemical barrier from environmental influences. The cornified cell envelope (CE) is a critical structure for barrier function at the outermost layer of the skin epidermis. For CE formation in terminal keratinocyte differentiation, covalent cross-linking of constituting proteins such as involucrin, loricrin, small proline-rich protein is essential. This reaction requires transglutaminase (TGase), which is a calcium-dependent enzyme catalyzing an intermolecular isopeptide bond formation between proteins. Among the nine TGases that have been identified in humans, TGases 1, 3, and 5 are known to participate in CE formation. Both TGases 1 and 3 are activated by limited proteolysis during keratinocyte differentiation. These enzymes contribute cooperatively in sequential cross-linking of the substrates. Therefore, disorder of the TGase activity results in an irregular phenotype in the skin. In this review, the expression, regulation, and function of these TGases in the skin epidermis are focused.
FRENCH START TESTS WITH NEW TILTING TGV BOGIE (1999)

The articulated trainset is completely compatible with the tilting train concept, as each coach body lies on three points - two points on the secondary suspension of its bogie and one on the adjacent coach body - so that rotation is possible. Alstom Transport's initial prototype articulated DTP has been tested at 320 km/h (194 m/h) on high speed lines and in tilting mode on conventional lines at up to 300 mm (11 in) of cant deficiency on curves as low as 400 m (1312 ft) radius. Alstom is pursuing in partnership with French National Railways its project to develop a tilting TGV train. The article discusses the track testing on the initial demonstration tilting bogie (DTP) as well as the track trials scheduled for the second generation version, the DPT2.
Chemical Rescue of Phosphoryl Transfer in a Cavity Mutant:  A Cautionary Tale for Site-Directed Mutagenesis, (2000)

We have explored the ability of a nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) mutant in which the nucleophilic histidine has been replaced by glycine (H122G) to transfer phosphate from ATP to alcohols of varying pK(a), size, shape, and polarity. This cavity mutant does indeed act as a primitive alcohol kinase. The rate of its phosphoryl transfer to alcohols varies considerably, with values spanning a DeltaDeltaG(double dagger) range of 4 kcal/mol, whereas the alcohols have very similar intrinsic reactivities. Analysis of these results suggests that the ability to carry out phosphoryl transfer within the cavity is not a simple function of being small enough to enter the cavity, but rather is a complex function of steric, solvation, entropic, van der Waals packing, and electrostatic properties of the alcohol. In addition, large differences are observed between the reactivities of alcohols within the nucleophile cavity of H122G and the reactivities of the same alcohols within the nucleophile cavity of H122A, a mutant NDPK that differs from H122G by a single methyl group within the cavity. The crystal structures of the two cavity mutants are very similar to one another and to wild-type NDPK, providing no evidence for a structurally perturbed active site. The differences in reactivity between the two mutant proteins illustrate a fundamental limitation of energetic analysis from site-directed mutagenesis: although removal of a side chain is generally considered to be a conservative change, the energetic effects of any given mutation are inextricably linked to the molecular properties of the created cavity and the surrounding protein environment.
Purkinje Cells From RyR2 Mutant Mice Are Highly Arrhythmogenic But Responsive to Targeted Therapy (2010)

Purkinje cells display a greater propensity to develop abnormalities in intracellular Ca(2+) handling than ventricular myocytes. This proarrhythmic behavior is enhanced by disease-causing mutations in the RyR2 Ca(2+) release channel and greatly exacerbated by catecholaminergic stimulation, with the development of arrhythmogenic triggered beats. These data support the concept that Purkinje cells are critical contributors to arrhythmic triggers in animal models and humans with CPVT and suggest a broader role for the Purkinje fiber network in the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias.
Expression of a single gene, BCL-6, strongly predicts survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2001)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is characterized by a marked degree of morphologic and clinical heterogeneity. Establishment of parameters that can predict outcome could help to identify patients who may benefit from risk-adjusted therapies. BCL-6 is a proto-oncogene commonly implicated in DLBCL pathogenesis. A real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay was established for accurate and reproducible determination of BCL-6 mRNA expression. The method was applied to evaluate the prognostic significance of BCL-6 expression in DLBCL. BCL-6 mRNA expression was assessed in tumor specimens obtained at the time of diagnosis from 22 patients with primary DLBCL. All patients were subsequently treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens. These patients could be divided into 2 DLBCL subgroups, one with high BCL-6 gene expression whose median overall survival (OS) time was 171 months and the other with low BCL-6 gene expression whose median OS was 24 months (P =.007). BCL-6 gene expression also predicted OS in an independent validation set of 39 patients with primary DLBCL (P =.01). BCL-6 protein expression, assessed by immunohistochemistry, also predicted longer OS in patients with DLBCL. BCL-6 gene expression was an independent survival predicting factor in multivariate analysis together with the elements of the International Prognostic Index (IPI) (P =.038). By contrast, the aggregate IPI score did not add further prognostic information to the patients' stratification by BCL-6 gene expression. High BCL-6 mRNA expression should be considered a new favorable prognostic factor in DLBCL and should be used in the stratification and the design of risk-adjusted therapies for patients with DLBCL. (Blood. 2001;98:945-951)
A low-cost, compact-size 10-Gigabit Ethernet optical sub-assembly using a novel opto-electronic hybrid integration platform (2003)

A novel opto-electronic hybrid integration platform using a flexible resin interposer on a silicon substrate has achieved low-cost, compact-size optical sub-assemblies. A 10 km error-free-transmission has been demonstrated with the optical sub-assemblies for 10-Gigabit Ethernet transceivers.