gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blockade of Glutamatergic Transmission in Perirhinal Cortex Impairs Object Recognition Memory in Macaques (2015)

The perirhinal cortex (PRc) is essential for visual recognition memory, as shown by electrophysiological recordings and lesion studies in a variety of species. However, relatively little is known about the functional contributions of perirhinal subregions. Here we used a systematic mapping approach to identify the critical subregions of PRc through transient, focal blockade of glutamate receptors by intracerebral infusion of kynurenic acid. Nine macaques were tested for visual recognition memory using the delayed nonmatch-to-sample task. We found that inactivation of medial PRc (consisting of Area 35 together with the medial portion of Area 36), but not lateral PRc (the lateral portion of Area 36), resulted in a significant delay-dependent impairment. Significant impairment was observed with 30 and 60 s delays but not with 10 s delays. The magnitude of impairment fell within the range previously reported after PRc lesions. Furthermore, we identified a restricted area located within the most anterior part of medial PRc as critical for this effect. Moreover, we found that focal blockade of either NMDA receptors by the receptor-specific antagonist AP-7 or AMPA receptors by the receptor-specific antagonist NBQX was sufficient to disrupt object recognition memory. The present study expands the knowledge of the role of PRc in recognition memory by identifying a subregion within this area that is critical for this function. Our results also indicate that, like in the rodent, both NMDA and AMPA-mediated transmission contributes to object recognition memory.
DISTINCT MOLECULAR SUBTYPES OF CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA IDENTIFIED BY SIMPLIFIED MRNA PROFILING PREDICTS CLINICAL OUTCOME (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009DISTINCT MOLECULAR SUBTYPES OF CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA IDENTIFIED BY SIMPLIFIED MRNA PROFILING PREDICTS CLINICAL OUTCOME Eric M Wallen, AR Brannon, Raj S Pruthi, Anupama Reddy, Michael Seiler, Shridar Ganeson, Gyan Bhanot, and WK Rathmell Eric M WallenEric M Wallen More articles by this author , AR BrannonAR Brannon More articles by this author , Raj S PruthiRaj S Pruthi More articles by this author , Anupama ReddyAnupama Reddy More articles by this author , Michael SeilerMichael Seiler More articles by this author , Shridar GanesonShridar Ganeson More articles by this author , Gyan BhanotGyan Bhanot More articles by this author , and WK RathmellWK Rathmell More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)60319-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "DISTINCT MOLECULAR SUBTYPES OF CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA IDENTIFIED BY SIMPLIFIED MRNA PROFILING PREDICTS CLINICAL OUTCOME." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), pp. 111–112 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 111-112 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Eric M Wallen More articles by this author AR Brannon More articles by this author Raj S Pruthi More articles by this author Anupama Reddy More articles by this author Michael Seiler More articles by this author Shridar Ganeson More articles by this author Gyan Bhanot More articles by this author WK Rathmell More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
A framework for automatic dynamic data mapping (2002)

Physically-distributed memory multiprocessors are becoming popular and data distribution and loop parallelization are aspects that a parallelizing compiler has to consider in order to get efficiency from the system. The cost of accessing local and remote data can be one or several orders of magnitude different, and this can dramatically affect the performance of the system. It would be desirable to free the programmer from considerations of the low-level details of the target architecture, to program explicit processes or specify interprocess communication. We present an approach to automatically derive static or dynamic data distribution strategies for the arrays used in a program. All the information required about data movement and parallelism is contained in a single data structure, called the Communication-Parallelism Graph (CPG). The problem is modeled and solved using a general purpose linear 0-1 integer programming solver. This allows us to find the optimal solution for the problem for one-dimensional array distributions. We also show the feasibility of using this approach in terms of compilation time and quality of the solutions generated.
Developing Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture-Taiwan Experiences (1993)

With growing concerns about deterioration of the natural environment scientists have in recent years been developing several agricultural systems which are capable of continuous and profitable production and improving living quality of human life. These concepts of sustainable agriculture include: natural agriculture, organic agriculture, ecoagriculture, renewable agriculture, biological agriculture, and biodynamic agriculture.Sustainable agriculture may be defined as an integrated scientific agricultural operation system guided by carefully designed resource management strategies for appropriate long range use of soil and water resources minimal dependence on nonrenewable resources, reduced contamination of the living environment and maintenance of a natural ecological equilibrium in order to sustain profitable production and preserve the natural environment for our future generation.Taiwan agriculture has focused on the following research areas: (1) rotation and intercropping, (2) soil nutrient management, (3) use of organic fertilizer, (4) plant pest management, (5) use of non - chemical natural pesticides, (6) non - chemical weed control management.We are, however, facing the following challenges in constructing an extension program and system for sustainable farming in the field.(1) Production benefits and resource efficiency tested in developed and temperate countries may not be applicable to less developed and tropical countries.(2) Farmers are used to intensive use of chemical materials.(3) Consumers' increasing demand for a good living environment may lead them to reject domestic agricultural products and seek imported foreign foods.The author is proposing that a corporate extension system can be employed to assist in developing a sustainable agriculture. The corporate extension system may be defined as a developmental strategy to organize farmers and customers and teach affiliated members to make normative and rational decisions to manage farms in order to achieve sustainable profits and continuous use of resources in response to market demands and societal needs.
Active site mapping in a methyl group hydroxylation in aphidicolin biosynthesis (1988)

The hydroxylation of 17-methyl-3α, 16β, 18-trihydroxyaphidicolane by Cephalosporium aphidicola proceeds preferentially to afford the 17(R) homologue of aphidicolin, a result which may be interpreted in terms of the geometry of the active site.
Chromosome‐level assembly, genetic and physical mapping of Phalaenopsis aphrodite genome provides new insights into species adaptation and resources for orchid breeding (2018)

The Orchidaceae is a diverse and ecologically important plant family. Approximately 69% of all orchid species are epiphytes, which provide diverse microhabitats for many small animals and fungi in the canopy of tropical rainforests. Moreover, many orchids are of economic importance as food flavourings or ornamental plants. Phalaenopsis aphrodite, an epiphytic orchid, is a major breeding parent of many commercial orchid hybrids. We provide a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the P. aphrodite genome. The total length of all scaffolds is 1025.1 Mb, with N50 scaffold size of 19.7 Mb. A total of 28 902 protein-coding genes were identified. We constructed an orchid genetic linkage map, and then anchored and ordered the genomic scaffolds along the linkage groups. We also established a high-resolution pachytene karyotype of P. aphrodite and completed the assignment of linkage groups to the 19 chromosomes using fluorescence in situ hybridization. We identified an expansion in the epiphytic orchid lineage of FRS5-like subclade associated with adaptations to the life in the canopy. Phylogenetic analysis further provides new insights into the orchid lineage-specific duplications of MADS-box genes, which might have contributed to the variation in labellum and pollinium morphology and its accessory structure. To our knowledge, this is the first orchid genome to be integrated with a SNP-based genetic linkage map and validated by physical mapping. The genome and genetic map not only offer unprecedented resources for increasing breeding efficiency in horticultural orchids but also provide an important foundation for future studies in adaptation genomics of epiphytes.
Miniature Endoscope for Multimodal Imaging (2016)

A single miniature endoscope capable of concurrently probing multiple contrast mechanisms of tissue in high resolution is highly attractive, as it makes it possible for providing complementary, more complete tissue information on internal organs hard to access. Here we describe such a miniature endoscope only 1 mm in diameter that integrates photoacoustic imaging (PAI), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ultrasound (US). The integration of PAI/OCT/US allows for high-resolution imaging of three tissue contrasts including optical absorption (PAI), optical scattering (OCT), and acoustic properties (US). We demonstrate the capabilities of this trimodal endoscope using mouse ear, human hand, and human arteries with atherosclerotic plaques. This 1-mm-diameter trimodal endoscope has the potential to be used for imaging of internal organs such as arteries, GI tracts, esophagus, and prostate in both humans and animals.
Pulse characteristics of passively mode-locked diode lasers (1995)

For the first time to our knowledge, asymmetric pulse shapes and the linear and nonlinear chirp from a passively mode-locked semiconductor laser are directly measured. For the laser tuned to various center wavelengths, fall-time-to-rise-time ratios of 2.0 to 2.5 are measured. With the laser tuned to the shorter-wavelength side of its tuning range, a significant quadratic chirp of -60 fs/nm(2) is measured, along with a linear chirp of -800 fs/nm. The nonlinear chirp is responsible for the asymmetrically shaped compressed pulses that produce long-tailed autocorrelations.
Monolignol glucosides as intermediate compounds in lignin biosynthesis. Revisiting the cell wall lignification and new 13C-tracer experiments with Ginkgo biloba and Magnolia liliiflora (2016)

Abstract A large amount of monolignol glucosides (MLGs: p -glucocoumaryl alcohol, coniferin, syringin) are found in lignifying soft xylem near cambium and they disappear with the progress of lignification. Recently, it became a matter of debate whether those MLGs are real intermediates in lignin biosynthesis or only a storage form of monolignols outside of the main biosynthetic pathway. The latter is partly based on a misinterpretation of 14 C-tracer experiments and partly on the simple generalization of the results of gene manipulation experiments concerning the flexible and complex lignification. In the present paper, it could be confirmed by the most reliable 13 C-tracer method that MLGs are real intermediates in the pathway from l-phenylalanine to macromolecular lignin-polysaccharides complexes in the cell walls. This pathway via MLGs is essential for transport and programmed delivery of specific monolignols in a stable form from intracellular space to specific lignifying sites within the cell wall. The pool size of MLGs is large in most gymnosperm trees and some angiosperm species that emerged in an early stage of phylogeny, while the pool size is small in most angiosperms. This difference in pool size is reasonably understandable from the viewpoint of plant evolution, in the course of which the role of MLGs changed to meet variation in type of major cells, reaction wood formation, and postmortem lignification.
Ruxolitinib for Glucocorticoid-Refractory Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease (2021)

Background: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a major complication of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation, becomes glucocorticoid-refractory or glucocorticoid-dependent in approximately 50% of patients. Robust data from phase 3 randomized studies evaluating second-line therapy for chronic GVHD are lacking. In retrospective surveys, ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK1-JAK2) inhibitor, showed potential efficacy in patients with glucocorticoid-refractory or -dependent chronic GVHD. Methods: This phase 3 open-label, randomized trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib at a dose of 10 mg twice daily, as compared with the investigator's choice of therapy from a list of 10 commonly used options considered best available care (control), in patients 12 years of age or older with moderate or severe glucocorticoid-refractory or -dependent chronic GVHD. The primary end point was overall response (complete or partial response) at week 24; key secondary end points were failure-free survival and improved score on the modified Lee Symptom Scale at week 24. Results: A total of 329 patients underwent randomization; 165 patients were assigned to receive ruxolitinib and 164 patients to receive control therapy. Overall response at week 24 was greater in the ruxolitinib group than in the control group (49.7% vs. 25.6%; odds ratio, 2.99; P&lt;0.001). Ruxolitinib led to longer median failure-free survival than control (&gt;18.6 months vs. 5.7 months; hazard ratio, 0.37; P&lt;0.001) and higher symptom response (24.2% vs. 11.0%; odds ratio, 2.62; P = 0.001). The most common (occurring in ≥10% patients) adverse events of grade 3 or higher up to week 24 were thrombocytopenia (15.2% in the ruxolitinib group and 10.1% in the control group) and anemia (12.7% and 7.6%, respectively). The incidence of cytomegalovirus infections and reactivations was similar in the two groups. Conclusions: Among patients with glucocorticoid-refractory or -dependent chronic GVHD, ruxolitinib led to significantly greater overall response, failure-free survival, and symptom response. The incidence of thrombocytopenia and anemia was greater with ruxolitinib. (Funded by Novartis and Incyte; REACH3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03112603.).
Flotation techniques for oily water treatment (2003)

The aim of this work is to develop alternative techniques for the treatment of waters heavily contaminated by oil. Furthermore, the treatment system should achieve high removal efficiencies even under unfavorable conditions, when oil is finely dispersed in the water phase and oil droplet sizes range from 5-30 mm and concentrations are between 100 and 300 mg l(-1). The first experiments were carried out in an induced air flotation system where a flotation column performance was evaluated in batch and continuous operation. The second system investigated in this work focused on the association of centrifugal separation in a hydrocyclone and the flotation operation. The considered system is characterized by the association of these two processes, resulting the set-up in a compact unit (centrifugal flotation system). The bubbles generation and the droplet-bubble contact are performed through a gas-liquid ejector, while the separation of the phase rich in oil (froth phase) is promoted by a hydrocyclone. In both systems, it was possible to reduce the chemical demand of oxygen by more than 85% and the oil concentration of an emulsion containing droplets with sizes between 10 and 20 mm, using Polyacrilamide as destabilizing agent.
Presence of C-19 steroids in mammary Shionogi carcinoma (SC 115) in castrated mice. (1985)

Intact and castrated male DD/S mice were inoculated with androgen-dependent cells (SC 115). All intact animals developed tumors after Day 12 of inoculation; however, six of seven castrated animals presented tumors 48 days postinoculation. The levels of steroids in both tumors were then examined. In castrated mice, dehydroepiandrosterone and androst-5-ene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol levels were diminished by 30% and 70%, respectively, while the amounts of testosterone and androstenedione were reduced by more than 90%. Our data also demonstrate that androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol were decreased to 60% and dihydrotestosterone decreased to 6% of their normal value, respectively. This latter level (0.48 nM) was sufficient to still effect a potent androgenic response in the tumor. Besides, a highly significant correlation was found in these tumors between various C-19 steroids (dehydroepiandrosterone and androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, r = 0.97, P less than 0.01), suggesting a possible conversion of C-19 precursors into potent androgens in the tumors. Determination of the plasma steroid levels in the castrated animals clearly confirmed that potent androgenic steroids and precursors were still in the circulation 3 days after castration. It thus appears that C-19 steroids from adrenal origin may be also involved in "independent" tumor growth.
Photoluminescence, deep level transient spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements on MeV self-ion implanted and annealed n-type silicon (2000)

Deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), photoluminescence (PL), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements have been made on n-type silicon after implanting with 5.6 MeV Si3+ ions using doses of 109–1014 cm−2 and anneals at 525 and 750 °C. In all the samples, there is only a small dependence of the widths and energies of the PL zero-phonon lines on implantation dose, allowing the high resolution of PL to be exploited. In samples annealed at 525 °C, the PL intensity can provide a measure of the concentration of defects over the implantation range, 109–1012 cm−2. Carbon-hydrogen complexes are identified as transient species with increasing dose, and the “T” center is related to a DLTS trap 0.20 eV below the conduction band energy Ec. At the highest doses in these samples, TEM imaging shows the presence of nanometer-sized clusters, and the PL spectra show that many previously unreported defects exist in the implanted zone, in addition to two broad bands centered on ∼885 and ∼930 MeV. The multiplicity of defects supports recent suggestions that a range of interstitial complexes is present in the annealed samples. Annealing at 750 °C produces complete recovery in both the DLTS and PL spectra for doses of less than 1013 cm−2. At higher doses, {113} self-interstitial aggregates are observed in TEM, along with the “903” PL signal associated with the {113} defects, and the Ec−0.33 eV “KA” DLTS trap. These data support the recent identification of that trap with the {113} defects. The well-resolved PL spectra show that many previously reported defects also exist in samples implanted with a dose of 1014 cm−2 and annealed at 750 °C, again implying the presence of a range of interstitial complexes.
Runtime relocation of CDN Serving Points - Enabler for low costs mobile Content Delivery (2013)

The recent proliferation of powerful smartphones have enabled an explosive increase in demand for mobile video (and other content) download services. In order to meet the users' demand and quality expectation, the mobile network operators tend to deploy and operate their own Content Delivery Network (CDN) within their existing network infrastructure. This situation has given rise to new set of research and standardization challenges to address this latest trend of expanding role/scope of network infrastructures and resource demands. New methods and strategies need to be devised for resource-efficient and costeffective delivery of such high volume content to mobile users. In this paper we motivate the enabling of runtime relocation of mobility gateways and CDN Serving Points for maintaining low costs for mobile content delivery. By means of a detailed simulative study, we evaluate the cost of delivering content to mobile users while taking into consideration different topologies, user mobility and content size. We demonstrate that the gain that is achieved in terms of cost saving justify taking additional protocol complexity to support runtime relocation of Mobile CDN serving points.
Tobacco streak virus (tobacco streak) (2012)

This datasheet on Tobacco streak virus covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Vectors & Intermediate Hosts, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Seedborne Aspects, Impacts, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
Calcium-activated RAF/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway Mediates p53-dependent Apoptosis and Is Abrogated by αB-Crystallin through Inhibition of RAS Activation (2005)

The ocular lens is the only organ that does not develop spontaneous tumor. The molecular mechanism for this phenomenon remains unknown. Through examination of the signaling pathways mediating stress-induced apoptosis, here we presented evidence to show that different from most other tissues in which the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) pathway is generally implicated in mediation of survival signals activated by different factors, the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway alone plays a key role in stress-activated apoptosis of lens epithelial cells. Treatment of N/N1003A cells with calcimycin, a calcium mobilizer, activates the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway through RAS, which is indispensable for the induced apoptosis because inhibition of this pathway by either pharmacological drug or dominant negative mutants greatly attenuates the induced apoptosis. Calcimycin also activates p38 kinase and JNK2, which are not involved in calcium-induced apoptosis. Downstream of ERK activation, p53 is essential. Activation of RAF/MEK/ERK pathway by calcimycin leads to distinct up-regulation of p53. Moreover, overexpression of p53 enhances calcimycin-induced apoptosis, whereas inhibition of p53 expression attenuates calcimycin-induced apoptosis. Up-regulation of p53 directly promotes Bax expression, which changes the integrity of mitochondria, leading to release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3 and eventually execution of apoptosis. Overexpression of alphaB-crystallin, a member of the small heat-shock protein family, blocks activation of RAS to inhibit ERK1/2 activation, and greatly attenuates calcimycin-induced apoptosis. Together, our results provide 1) a partial explanation for the lack of spontaneous tumor in the lens, 2) a novel signaling pathway for calcium-induced apoptosis, and 3) a novel antiapoptotic mechanism for alphaB-crystallin.