gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimality Probability of Various Decision Rules (2015)

Study of the dichotomous choice model has been initiated by Condorcet in 1785. A group of experts is required to select one of two alternatives, of which exactly one is regarded as correct. Naturally, the model can be applied to a wide variety of social as well as scientific areas. A fundamental notion for this research is that of a decision rule -- a rule which translates the individual opinions of the members into a group decision. A decision rules is optimal if it maximizes the probability of the group to make a correct choice. The goal of our research is identifying the optimal decision rule under partial information on the decision skills. Specifically, we assume we do not know the correctness probabilities of the experts; however, we know they are independent random variables selected from some given distribution, and their internal ranking. For some distributions, we obtain explicit formulas for the probability of the expert and of the simple majority rules, as a function of group size and distribution parameter. For the exponential distribution, we obtain the optimality probability of several families of decision rules, ranging from the expert to the majority rule.
A Piezoelectric MEMS Loudspeaker Lumped and FEM models (2021)

This paper presents the simulation results of a piezoelectric MEMS loudspeaker. The micro-fabricated device is composed of two wafers, the first one featuring two bending piezoelectric actuators with large displacements, and the other one featuring a mobile rigid plate surrounded by a small interstice providing a thermoviscous layer hence avoiding an acoustic short-cut between its front and back sides. The current design allows a radiated pressure of 80 dB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SPL</sub> from 1 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">kHz</i> at 10 cm and at 30 Volts for a 64 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> footprint, which is above the known performances of the state of the art for MEMS loudspeakers with such dimensions.
Pamidronate Treatment of Severe Osteogenesis Imperfecta in Children under 3 Years of Age* (2000)

Severe osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary disorder characterized by increased bone fragility and progressive bone deformity. Cyclical pamidronate infusions improve clinical outcome in children older than 3 yr of age with severe OI. Because earlier treatment may have potential to prevent deformities and improve functional prognosis in young children, we studied nine severely affected OI patients under 2 yr of age (2.3-20.7 months at entry) for a period of 12 months. Pamidronate was administered i.v. in cycles of 3 consecutive days. Patients received four to eight cycles during the treatment period, with cumulative doses averaging 12.4 mg/kg. Clinical changes were evaluated regularly during treatment, and radiological changes were assessed after 6-12 months of treatment. The control group consisted of six age-matched, severely affected OI patients, who had not received pamidronate treatment. During treatment bone mineral density (BMD) increased between 86-227%. The deviation from normal, as indicated by the z-score, diminished from -6.5 +/- 2.1 to -3.0 +/- 2.1 (P < 0.001). In the control group the BMD z-score worsened significantly. Vertebral coronal area increased in all treated patients (11.4 +/- 3.4 to 14.9 +/- 1.8 cm2; P < 0.001), but decreased in the untreated group (P < 0.05). In the treated patients, fracture rate was lower than in control patients (2.6 +/- 2.5 vs. 6.3 +/- 1.6 fractures/year; P < 0.01). No adverse side-effects were noted, apart from the well known acute phase reaction during the first infusion cycle. Pamidronate treatment in severely affected OI patients under 3 yr of age is safe, increases BMD, and decreases fracture rate.
Separation and concentration of amino acids using liquid emulsion membranes (1988)

The separation and concentration of amino acids using liquid emulsion membranes (LEMs) are discussed. Using L- phenylalanines as a model solute, it is experimentally shown using a facilitated transport system that separation and concentration can be simultaneously achieved. The rate of separation, final product concentration, and membrane swell are shown to increase with increasing chloride driving forces in the membrane, These effects are shown to be insensitive to the particular salt used as the driving force. Changes in the carrier concentration are shown to result in higher initial fluxes and higher swell rates. Hydrodynamically induced membrane breakage is minimal for the system under consideration. Experiments indicate that osmotically induced water transport ("swelling") in the LEM system is mediated by both the carrier and the emulsion-stabilizing surfactant. The data suggest that this swell is a diffusion-limited process. The specificity of the carrier is examined and is found to be directly related to the hydrophobicity of the solute. Strategies for optimizing LEM formulations are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the hydration characteristics of the surfactant and the specificity of the carrier.
Simple phalanx pattern leads to energy saving in cohesive fish schooling (2017)

The question of how individuals in a population organize when living in groups arises for systems as different as a swarm of microorganisms or a flock of seagulls. The different patterns for moving collectively involve a wide spectrum of reasons, such as evading predators or optimizing food prospection. Also, the schooling pattern has often been associated with an advantage in terms of energy consumption. In this study, we use a popular aquarium fish, the red nose tetra fish, <i>Hemigrammus bleheri</i>, which is known to swim in highly cohesive groups, to analyze the schooling dynamics. In our experiments, fish swim in a shallow-water tunnel with controlled velocity, and stereoscopic video recordings are used to track the 3D positions of each individual in a school, as well as their tail-beating kinematics. Challenging the widespread idea of fish favoring a diamond pattern to swim more efficiently [Weihs D (1973) <i>Nature</i> 241:290-291], we observe that when fish are forced to swim fast-well above their free-swimming typical velocity, and hence in a situation where efficient swimming would be favored-the most frequent configuration is the "phalanx" or "soldier" formation, with all individuals swimming side by side. We explain this observation by considering the advantages of tail-beating synchronization between neighbors, which we have also characterized. Most importantly, we show that schooling is advantageous as compared with swimming alone from an energy-efficiency perspective.
EN55015 compliant 500 W dimmer with low-losses symmetrical switches (2005)

An AC light dimmer topology using two voltage-controlled symmetrical switches is presented. After an introduction of the silicon structure of these new engineering devices, their conduction losses are compared to today technologies. Gate driver circuits are presented to fulfill EN55015 standard with low commutation losses. The impact of the recovery current is also discussed.
Integration Patterns for Interfacing Software Agents with Industrial Automation Systems (2018)

Agent-based systems, an approach derived from distributed artificial intelligence, have been introduced for designing large complex systems. They are also suitable to solve challenging problems in industrial environments, being an appropriate technology for realizing cyber-physical systems. In such configuration, they need to interface with automation and control devices. However, until now there is no widely accepted practice nor pattern to interface the software agents with the automation functions. This work addresses this issue and introduces corresponding integration patterns in order to achieve full interoperability and reusability. This work, therefore, provides a methodology for mapping existing practices into a set of generic templates and also discusses the applicability of the proposed approach to different industrial application domains.
Unmanned Aircraft System Aided Adaptive Video Streaming: A Joint Optimization Approach (2019)

Due to the coverage constraint of a wireless base station, mobile users suffer from the unstable network connection and poor service quality, especially for the prevalent video services. As an alternative solution, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is able to reach the cell edge and serve ground users (GUs). In this paper, we extend the UAV applications to the more challenging adaptive streaming service over fading channel. First, we decompose the system into different modules, and present mathematical models for each of them, including a trajectory model of the UAV, fading channels between the UAV and GUs, and video streaming utility. Second, we formulate the problem as a non-convex optimization problem by optimizing the UAV trajectory and transmit power allocation, jointly with transmission schedule and rate allocation for multiple users. The objective is to maximize the overall utility while guaranteeing the fairness among multiple users under the UAV energy budget and rate-outage probability constraints. Third, to tackle this problem, we first analyze the relationship between transmission rate and rate-outage probability over the fading channel, and then divide the original problem into three subproblems, which can be solved by leveraging the successive convex approximation technique. Furthermore, an overall iterative algorithm over the three subproblems is proposed to obtain a locally optimal solution by applying the block coordinate descent technique. Finally, through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed design can achieve almost 30% performance gain in terms of max-min streaming utility for all users, compared with other benchmark schemes.
High-yield production of aryl alcohol oxidase under limited growth conditions in small-scale systems using a mutant Aspergillus nidulans strain (2016)

Aryl alcohol oxidase (MtGloA) is an enzyme that belongs to the ligninolytic consortium and can play an important role in the bioenergy industry. This study investigated production of an MtGloA client enzyme by a mutant strain of Aspergillus nidulans unable to synthesize its own pyridoxine. Pyridoxine limitation can be used to control cell growth, diverting substrate to protein production. In agitated culture, enzyme production was similar when using media with 1 mg/L and without pyridoxine (26.64 ± 6.14 U/mg mycelia and 26.14 ± 8.39 U/mg mycelia using media with and without pyridoxine, respectively). However, the treatment lacking pyridoxine had to be supplemented with pyridoxine after 156 h of fermentation to sustain continued enzyme production. Use of extremely diluted pyridoxine levels allowed reduced fungal growth while maintaining steady enzyme production. Concentrations of 9 and 13.5 µg/L pyridoxine allowed MtGloA production with a growth rate of only 5% of that observed when using the standard 1 mg/L pyridoxine media.
How to Tackle the Computational Challenges of Line-by-line Modelling (2015)

Despite of significant advances of computational power, line-by-line modeling of molecular absorption and radiative transfer remains a challenge. In case of Earth atmospheric remote sensing, the number of spectra to be processed operationally has grown substantially. In contrast the number of planetary spectra is quite limited, however, the number of spectroscopic transitions to be considered, esp. for hot Jupiters (or Venus in our solar system), has increased to millions or billions. In this contribution we present our approach to tackle this computational challenge in our lbl atmospheric radiative transfer code GARLIC (Generic Atmospheric Radiation Line-by-line Infrared Code, Fortran 2003). A highly optimized Voigt function algorithm along with a 'multigrid' approach is employed for computation of lbl molecular absorption cross sections. Multithreading by OpenMp allows to further speed-up the cross section, absorption coefficient, and atmospheric radiative transfer modules. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the option of hardware accelerators for the most demanding cross sections. Finally, Jacobians are required to solve the nonlinear inverse problems to be solved for the analysis of an increasing number of exoplanet observations and we present algorithmic differentiation as a technique to implement accurate and efficient derivatives.
A reflexive exploration of two qualitative data coding techniques (2015)

In an attempt to help find meaning within qualitative data, researchers commonly start by coding their data. There are a number of coding systems available to researchers and this reflexive account explores my reflections on the use of two such techniques. As part of a larger investigation, two pilot studies were undertaken as a means to examine the relative merits of open coding and template coding for examining transcripts. This article does not describe the research project per se but attempts to step back and offer a reflexive account of the development of data coding tools. Here I reflect upon and evaluate the two data coding techniques that were piloted, and discuss how using appropriate aspects of both led to the development of my final data coding approach. My exploration found there was no clear-cut ‘best’ option but that the data coding techniques needed to be reflexively-aligned to meet the specific needs of my project. This reflection suggests that, when coding qualitative data, researchers should be methodologically thoughtful when they attempt to apply any data coding technique; that they do not assume pre-established tools are aligned to their particular paradigm; and that they consider combining and refining established techniques as a means to define their own specific codes.
Two New Cytotoxic Compounds from Tapirira guianensis (1998)

Two new cytotoxic compounds, 2-[10(Z)-heptadecenyl]-1,4-hydroquinone (1) and (4R,6R)-dihydroxy-4-[10(Z)-heptadecenyl]-2-cyclohexenone (2) have been isolated from a MeOH extract of seeds of Tapirira guianensis. The structures were established through spectral analysis of the isolates and their derivatives.
Figure S5 from Intratumoral STING Activation with T-cell Checkpoint Modulation Generates Systemic Antitumor Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Asymmetric TRAMP-C2 tumor growth kinetics&lt;/p&gt;
Secretion of amino acids by bacteria: Physiology and mechanism (1994)

Although representing a common property of microorganisms and being widely used for biotechnological purposes, solute secretion has been relatively poorly studied in terms of biochemistry. In this review, various examples of metabolite secretion processes by bacteria are discussed with the emphasis on the mechanisms of amino acid secretion by coryneform bacteria. Among the metabolic concepts which may be applied to explain the physiological meaning of metabolite secretion, mainly two concepts are dealt with, i.e. the so-called ’overflow metabolism’ on the one hand and the situation where non-metabolizable intermediates are accumulated and finally secreted on the other. In the central part of this review, the different concepts are discussed which have been put forward to mechanistically explain amino acid secretion under particular metabolic conditions and in particular strains of bacteria, i.e. secretion mediated (i) by diffusion, (ii) by the participation of amino acid uptake systems, and (iii) by the use of specific secretion systems. These concepts are then applied to amino acid secretion in Corynebacterium glutamicum, and emplified by detailed studies on the mechanism and regulation of the secretion of lysine, isoleucine and glutamate by C. glutamicum.
Transduction of the stress signal and mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of heat shock/stress protein gene expression in higher eukaryotes. (1994)

This review deals with the transcriptional regulation of heat shock or stress genes that are present in every organism studied to date. While some of these genes are expressed constitutively and appear to be involved in basic cellular processes such as protein synthesis and maturation, assembly of protein complexes, and intracellular trafficking, others are normally silent or are expressed at low levels. Expression of the latter genes is enhanced when cells are subjected to stressful conditions such as elevated temperature and other physical and chemical insults or at specific stages of organismal development. The upregulation of these genes correlates with the development of tolerance to subsequent, similar insults. Upregulation following environmental insults appears to be mediated by heat shock transcription factor. This article summarizes what is known about the promoters of regulated stress genes in higher eukaryotes and the mechanisms by which heat shock transcription factor or developmental regulators control their activation. Recent data pointing to a possible connection between the activation of stress genes and general signal transduction pathways are also discussed, as they suggest an integration of the stress response and other cellular control mechanisms.
Introduction of functional groups on polyethylene surfaces by a carbon dioxide plasma treatment (1995)

Abstract Poly(ethylene) (PE) films were treated with a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) plasma to study the formation of oxygen‐containing functional groups at the surface. Modified and nonmodified films were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle measurements. During the CO 2 plasma treatment, the PE surface is etched and oxidized, yielding films with a very hydrophilic surface. The oxygen incorporation at the surface is fast and can be described by a combination of a zero‐order incoraporation and a first‐order etching process. Several oxygen functionalities such as carboxylic acid (approximately 14% of the oxygen persent), ketone/aldehyde (25%), and hydroxyl/epoxide (5–9%) groups were introduced at the surface by the plasma treatment. This was shown by using derivatization reactions for specific functional groups followed by XPS analysis. The wettability of the plasma‐treated surface decreased when the films were stroed for prolonged periods of time in air. This aging process could not be completely reversed by immersion of the films in water. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
2P2-C36 A Structurized Robot Contorl Modules for Care Worker Support Robot (2006)

A new modularized robot control system, called the Robot Module System (RMS), is proposed in this thesis. RMS is composed of individual Robot Modules and the Main Module. The Main Module controls all of the Robot Modules and generates action plans of the entire robot. A Robot Module represents an identifiable unit of a robot, such as the pair of legs or head, that can be activated independent of other units. As such, each Robot Module can be regarded as an independent individual robot. The behavior of the whole robot is defined as the cooperation of the Robot Modules.
Mechanism and active sites for methanol oxidation to methyl formate over coprecipitated vanadium-titanium oxide catalysts (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism and active sites for methanol oxidation to methyl formate over coprecipitated vanadium-titanium oxide catalystsAhmed S. Elmi, Enrico Tronconi, Cinzia Cristiani, Juan P. Gomez Martin, Pio Forzatti, and Guido BuscaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1989, 28, 4, 387–393Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00088a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00088a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views625Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Toward Smaller and Lower-Cost 5G Devices with Longer Battery Life: An Overview of 3GPP Release 17 RedCap (2022)

The fifth generation (5G) wireless technology is primarily developed to support three classes of use cases, namely, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC), and massive machine-type communication (mMTC), with significantly different requirements in terms of data rate, latency, connection density and power consumption. Meanwhile, there are several key use cases, such as industrial wireless sensor networks, video surveillance, and wearables, whose requirements fall in-between those of eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. In this regard, 5G can be further optimized to efficiently support such mid-range use cases. Therefore, in Release 17, the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) developed the essential features to support a new device type enabling reduced capability (RedCap) NR devices aiming at lower cost/complexity, smaller physical size, and longer battery life compared to regular 5G NR devices. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of 3GPP Release 17 RedCap while describing newly introduced features, cost reduction and power saving gains, and performance and coexistence impacts. Moreover, we present key design guidelines, fundamental tradeoffs, and future outlook for RedCap evolution.
Putting Learning into Practice: Integrating Social Media, Crowd Learning, and #ColinKaepernick in an Introductory African American History Class (2017)

African American history is indeed a dynamic discipline that can be used as a framework to understand the present lives of African Americans as well as the broader American society. As a university professor who values social media as a useful tool in the traditional classroom, I am most interested in using it in my introductory African American history course to make history relevant to my students, especially since a social media post accompanied with a popular hash tag has the ability go viral and reach a wider audience than a traditional academic paper. Many instructors are looking for opportunities to engage students in social and intellectual discourse about history. This article will deconstruct social media posts associated with the hash tag Colin Kaepernick or the like as a teaching strategy to help students enrolled in an introductory African American history course. The idea is to put their learning into practice by encouraging them to actively engage with others on topics relevant to the course content. This article will demonstrate that although the discourse surrounding Kaepernick is polarizing, it is an excellent pedagogical strategy to help students put their learning into practice and engage with a wider audience on topics discussed in an introductory African American history course.