gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring and Modulating Diet and Gut Microbes to Enhance Response and Reduce Toxicity to Cancer Treatment (2023)

The gut microbiome comprises a diverse array of microbial species that have been shown to dynamically modulate host immunity both locally and systemically, as well as contribute to tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the scientific evidence on the role that gut microbes and diet play in response and toxicity to cancer treatment. We highlight studies across multiple cancer cohorts that have shown an association between particular gut microbiome signatures and an improved response to immune checkpoint blockade, chemotherapy, and adoptive cell therapies, as well as the role of particular microbes in driving treatment-related toxicity and how the microbiome can be modulated through strategies, such as fecal transplant. We also summarize the current literature that implicate high fiber and ketogenic diets in improved response rates to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, respectively. Finally, we discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of patient care, advocate for a holistic approach to cancer treatment, and comment on the next frontier of targeted gut and tumor microbiome modulation through novel therapeutics, dietary intervention, and precision-medicine approaches.
Study of One-Dimensional Metal Complexes: K[Ni(mnt)2]·H2O and K[Pt(mnt)2]·H2O (1987)

Abstract The crystal structure, electrical conductivity and electronic and IR absorption spectra of two metal complexes, K[Ni(mnt)2]·H2O and K[Pt(mnt)2]·H2O (mnt=1,2-dicyano-1,2-ethylenedithiolato, C4N2S22−) were investigated. These two metal complexes belong to orthorhombic system and the lattice constants are a=12.00 Å, b=28.85 Å, and c=3.90 Å for the Ni complex and a=12.11 Å, b=29.23 Å, and c=7.73 Å for the Pt complex. Despite the same stoichiometries and similar crystal structures, the conductivity of Pt complex is 103 times as high as that of the Ni complex. The difference in the conductivity between the Ni and Pt complexes may be explained from the density of the unpaired electron on the central metal. The effects of the central metal on the electrical conduction properties may not be negligible for this type of complexes.
Role of Epidemiological Data Within the Drug Development Lifecycle: A Chronic Migraine Case Study (2012)

By definition, pharmacoepidemiology is the study of the use and the effects of drugs, medical devices or vaccines in large numbers of people Epidemiologists working in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry use the principles of descriptive epidemiology in addition to analytical and clinical epidemiological applied concepts and methods to assess the impact, use and effects of these products in the population and in clinical trial settings. As an evolving field, the influence of pharmacoepidemiology continues to be broadened with increasing demands for a comprehensive understanding of the patient population within the development and post-authorization phases of a product's lifecycle.
Harvesting Chemical Information from the Internet Using a Distributed Approach:  ChemXtreme (2006)

The Internet is a comprehensive resource of chemical information which is at the same time largely unstructured. It provides a wealth of scientific information such as experimental data and requires a suitable automated data mining and analysis tool for its meaningful exploration. The Java based software presented here, ChemXtreme, is developed for harvesting chemical information from the Internet employing the Google API in combination with a distributed client/server text analysis architecture based on JavaRMI. It represents the first and until now the only toolkit for automated structured data retrieval from the Internet which is itself open source. ChemXtreme employs the "search the search engine" strategy, where the URLs returned from the search engine are analyzed further via textual pattern analysis. This process resembles the manual analysis of the hit list, where relevant data are captured and, by means of human intervention, are mined into a format suitable for further analysis. ChemXtreme on the other hand transforms chemical information automatically into a structured format suitable for storage in databases and further analysis and also provides links to the original information source. The query data retrieved from the search engine by the server is encoded, encrypted, and compressed and then sent to all the participating active clients in the network for parsing. Relevant information identified by the clients on the retrieved Web sites is sent back to the server, verified, and added to the database for data mining and further analysis. The distributed further analysis of URLs in a client/server architecture scales very favorably, thus producing only minimal overhead.
A database server for next-generation scientific data management (2010)

The growth of scientific information and the increasing automation of data collection have made databases integral to many scientific disciplines including life sciences, physics, meteorology, earth and atmospheric sciences, and chemistry.These sciences pose new data management challenges to current database system technologies.The thesis work presented in this paper proposes a database server for next-generation scientific data management.The proposed sever realizes two core requirements in scientific databases, mainly, (1) Annotation management, and (2) Complex dependencies involving human actions.In the paper, we discuss the challenges involved in each of these requirements and present the key contributions and main results in each of the two fronts.
Microbial and biogeochemical processes in Big Soda Lake, Nevada (1988)

Summary Meromictic, alkaline lakes represent modern-day analogues of lacustrine source rock depositional environments. In order to further our understanding of how these lakes function in terms of limnological and biogeochemical processes, we have conducted an interdisciplinary study of Big Soda Lake. Annual mixolimnion productivity (ca. 500 g m −2 ) is dominated by a winter diatom bloom (600f annual) caused by upward transport of ammonia to the epilimnion. The remainder of productivity is attributable to chemoautotrophs (30%) and photosynthetic bacteria (10%) present at the oxic-anoxic interface from May to November. Studies of bacterial heterotrophy and particulate fluxes in the water column indicate that about 900f annual productivity is remineralized in the mixolimnion, primarily by fermentative bacteria. However, high rates of sulphate reduction (9–29 mmol m −2 yr −1 ) occur in the monimolimnion waters, which could remineralize most (if not all) of the primary productivity. This discrepancy has not as yet been fully explained. Low rates of methanogenesis also occur in the monimolimnion waters and sediments. Most of the methane is consumed by anaerobic methane oxidation occurring in the monimolimnion water column. Other bacterial processes occurring in the lake are also discussed. Preliminary studies have been made on the organic geochemistry of the monimolimnion sediments. Carbon-14-dating indicates a lower depositional rate prior to meromixis and a downcore enrichment in 13 C of organic carbon and chlorophyll derivatives. Hydrous pyrolysis experiments indicate that the sediment organic matter is almost entirely derived from the water column with little or no contribution from terrestrial sources. The significance of the organics released by hydrous pyrolysis is discussed.
Sampling Arthropods in Livestock Management Systems (2020)

A North American livestock industries are diverse and of high value, consisting of very different animals and industries: beef cattle are raised for calves, meat, and leather; dairy animals for milk and veal; swine for pork; poultry for eggs and meat; and sheep for meat and wool. R. C. Axtell classifies livestock production systems as pasture or range, outdoor confined, and indoor confined. Detailed descriptions of the biology, taxonomy, host range, and management of livestock pests are available and should be consulted before starting a sampling program. Thresholds for many parasites in livestock production systems remain to be studied. Techniques for sampling arthropods in livestock systems have been previously summarized. Various livestock pests have free-living stages or periods in their life cycle. A diversity of domestic animals and management systems constitute livestock industries in Canada and the US As in other agricultural sectors, a variety of sampling approaches have been used to achieve management and research objectives.
A novel selective and orally bioavailable N a v 1.8 channel blocker, PF ‐01247324, attenuates nociception and sensory neuron excitability (2015)

Using PF-01247324, we have confirmed a role for Nav 1.8 channels in both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. We have also demonstrated a key role for Nav 1.8 channels in action potential upstroke and repetitive firing of rat and human DRG neurons.
Management of Skin-Grafted Burn Wounds With Xeroform and Layers of Dry Coarse-Mesh Gauze Dressing Results in Excellent Graft Take and Minimal Nursing Time (1995)

The goals of postoperative treatment for split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) are to maintain graft integrity, prevent graft and wound desiccation, and minimize infections. As we documented in a telephone survey of 16 burn centers, dressings for skin grafts usually consist of multiple layers of coarse-mesh gauze; the dressings receive frequent applications of aqueous solutions that contain antimicrobial agents to control bacterial growth and to maintain a moist environment at the wound surface. We prospectively studied the efficacy of our standard dressing of one layer of Xeroform (Kendall Inc., Mansfield, Mass.), which consists of fine-mesh gauze impregnated with bismuth tribromophenate, applied to the STSG surface followed by layers of dry gauze dressings wrapped in Kerlix (Kendall Inc.); the entire dressings were left intact until postoperative day 5. We evaluated 142 STSGs on 100 patients, mean age 29.2 years (range 0.3 to 79 years), with burns of 0.5% to 60% total body surface area (mean 9.1%). Meshed or sheet STSGs of 0.5% to 18% total body surface area (mean 3.14%) were placed on deep partial- or full-thickness excised wounds. Xeroform, followed by coarse-mesh gauze dressing, was applied after skin grafts were completed. The entire dressing was left intact until the initial takedown-to-graft at 5 days. Patients' grafts were evaluated on postoperative day 5 for the percentage of "take" and subgraft fluid collected; this evaluation was then repeated every other day for 10 days. On postoperative day 5 evaluations, mean skin graft take in all patients was 98.54% +/- 0.72%. Xeroform and coarse-mesh gauze dressings used to cover STSGs and left intact for 5 days until the initial dressing change, resulted in highly successful graft outcomes, with minimal postoperative nursing care compared with other dressing methods for skin grafts.
Variation of the Pictet–Spengler Synthesis of Tetrahydrocarbolines (2014)

Key words tetrahydro-β-carbolines - Brønsted acid catalysis - ruthenium catalysis
Management of gaseous radioactive wastes. Progress report, September 1, 1975--September 30, 1976. [ERDA Air cleaning conference 8/76; government-industry meeting on filters, media, and media testing] (1976)

The 14th ERDA Air Cleaning Conference was held at Sun Valley, Idaho, 2 to 4 August 1976. Sixty-nine technical papers were presented to 324 attendees, 46 from countries outside the U.S. The conference was preceded by a Government-Industry Meeting on Filters, Media, and Filter Testing at which proposed changes in government filter specifications, fiber measurement techniques, fiber shedding from operating filters, and the toxicity of filter test materials were reviewed and discussed. Research on high-temperature filter materials suitable for cleaning incinerator offgases developed techniques for utilizing moving bed granular filters and mineral filter aids on fixed sintered metal filters. The particle retention characteristics of multi-ply HEPA filters were examined and they show promise of being a suitable replacement for full scale filters in series.
Direct observation of antiferromagnetic domains and field-induced reversal in Pt/Cr2O3/Pt epitaxial trilayers (2023)

Antiferromagnet does not show the net magnetization, whereas the finite uncompensated moment can residue at the surface. On the surface of the magnetoelectric antiferromagnet, the finite boundary magnetization can acquire the magnetic response. In this paper, we address the magnetic response of the boundary magnetization in the Pt/magnetoelectric Cr2O3/Pt epitaxial trilayer based on the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and the soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). Decreasing the Cr2O3 thickness down to 15 nm, the film acquired the magnetic responsiveness, which manifested as the rectangular hysteresis in the magnetic field dependence of the AHE. The sizable XMCD intensity and the rectangular magnetic field dependence of the XMCD intensity revealed that the magnetic response was attributed to the interfacial Cr moment. The detailed investigation of AHE and XMCD revealed that the domain wall motion dominated the reversal process of the boundary magnetization, which was directly visualized by the scanning XMCD microscope.
Differences in phosphorylation of isolated phospholamban in dependence on the preparation procedure. (1987)

Phospholamban was purified by two different preparation protocols. The products of both preparations are immunochemical similar. They differ, however, with regard to their phosphorylation by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. It is suggested that the lipid environment plays a crucial role in the exposition of the phosphorylation sites of phospholamban.
Application of microarray analysis of foodborne Salmonella in poultry production: A review (2013)

Salmonellosis in the United States is one of the most costly foodborne diseases. Given that Salmonella can originate from a wide variety of environments, reduction of this organism at all stages of poultry production is critical. Salmonella species can encounter various environmental stress conditions that can dramatically influence their survival and virulence. Previous knowledge of Salmonella species genomic regulation of metabolism and physiology in relation to poultry is based on limited information of a few well-characterized genes. Consequently, although there is some information about environmental signals that control Salmonella growth and pathogenesis, much still remains unknown. Advancements in DNA sequencing technologies revolutionized the way bacteria were studied and molecular tools such as microarrays have subsequently been used for comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of Salmonella. With microarray analysis, the expression levels of each single gene in the Salmonella genome can be directly assessed and previously unknown genetic systems that are required for Salmonella growth and survival in the poultry production cycle can be elucidated. This represents an opportunity for development of novel approaches for limiting Salmonella establishment in all phases of poultry production. In this review, recent advances in transcriptome-microarray technologies that are facilitating a better understanding of Salmonella biology in poultry production and processing are discussed.
Alignment of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in bulk epoxy composites via electric field (2009)

We demonstrate the alignment of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in bulk epoxy matrices by application of external electric field. The composites were prepared by a macro-layer-by-layer method; UV light was used to rapidly polymerize the epoxy and preserve the aligned nanotube network. The nanotube alignment generated strong anisotropy in the composite’s properties. The composite’s storage modulus was increased by ∼50%, and the electrical conductivity was improved by four orders of magnitude in the direction of nanotube alignment. Compared to pristine nanotubes, amine functionalized nanotubes showed enhanced storage modulus but reduced electrical conductivty. The enhanced modulus for amine functionalized nanotubes is an artifact of their enhanced compatibility with the epoxy, while their reduced conductivity may result from the shortening of the nanotube length during functionalization. In addition to the rapid alignment of nanotubes parallel to the field direction, we also report a tendency for lateral agglomeration (perpendicular to the field) of the aligned nanotubes over time. Such a coarsening effect can be mitigated by minimizing the polymerization (or cure) time of the epoxy.
Living with Costello syndrome: Quality of life issues in older individuals (2009)

Clinical and molecular analyses of Costello syndrome are proceeding at a rapid pace, including the delineation of the adult phenotype. We designed a two-part survey in order to describe the quality of life (QoL) of older individuals with Costello syndrome. The survey consisted of the Costello syndrome quality of life (CSQoL): Caregiver Questionnaire, to obtain objective information such as skills, activities, and medical issues from caregivers; and the CSQoL:Self-Questionnaire assessing subjective information including self-esteem, life satisfaction, and interpersonal relations from affected individuals. Thirteen of 18 (72%) individuals with Costello syndrome (age 16-34 years, mean 22 years) and caregiver pairs responded. The data were analyzed to study day-to-day life, and to determine potential impediments on QoL for older individuals with Costello syndrome. The CSQoL:Caregiver total scores were significantly lower than the CSQoL:Self total scores as demonstrated by the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test (P < 0.008). The CSQoL:Caregiver total scores appear negatively correlated with total number of medical issues (r = -0.549; P = 0.065). No association was found between the CSQoL:Self scores and total number of medical issues (r = -0.107; P = 0.769). Four impediments to QoL for individuals with Costello syndrome were identified: relationships outside of their immediate circle of family and friends, lack of independence, male gender, and the presence of major medical issues. This information may be useful to the families and health care professionals of adults with Costello syndrome. As a measurable characteristic, QoL may have utility as a metric in future therapeutic trials.
Comparative Genome-Wide Analysis of Two Caryopteris x Clandonensis Cultivars: Insights on the Biosynthesis of Volatile Terpenoids (2023)

<i>Caryopteris x Clandonensis</i>, also known as bluebeard, is an ornamental plant containing a large variety of terpenes and terpene-like compounds. Four different cultivars were subjected to a principal component analysis to elucidate variations in terpenoid-biosynthesis and consequently, two representative cultivars were sequenced on a genomic level. Functional annotation of genes as well as comparative genome analysis on long read datasets enabled the identification of cultivar-specific terpene synthase and cytochrome p450 enzyme sequences. This enables new insights, especially since terpenoids in research and industry are gaining increasing interest due to their importance in areas such as food preservation, fragrances, or as active ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations. According to BUSCO assessments, the presented genomes have an average size of 355 Mb and about 96.8% completeness. An average of 52,090 genes could be annotated as putative proteins, whereas about 42 were associated with terpene synthases and about 1340 with cytochrome p450 enzymes.
Quick Dyeing of Substrates such as Carbons Being Hard to Dye (1992)

A substrate being hard to dye can be easily dyed a desire color, by applying a special dyebath containing concentrated sulfuric acid. All inorganic and organic materials may be instantly dyed a desire color, so far as those having a greater surface area are concerned.The substrates being most hard to dye such as carbon black, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinilidene chloride, etc., may be quickly dyed a beautiful color, by this dyeing process.Insoluble coloring materials, such as vat and sulfur colors, or pigments, are the most suitable for this process. These can be applied as molecular solutions. Therefore, a beautiful color can be satisfactly developed. Also, this new dyeing process can be applied to soluble coloring materials. In this case, an organic acid is useful as a component in the dye bath.A special dyebath consisting of concentrated sulfuric acid and with the regular amounts of surface active agent and organic solvent which have an emulsified state may be used effectively for quick dyeing on the most hard to dye. This special dyebath has a greater dye-accessibility for the substrates being hard to dye.
Mobile Oral Cancer Image Classification based on Efficient Deep Learning for Low-resource Settings (2020)

We will report a mobile-based dual-mode image classification method for oral cancer detection in low-resource settings.
Spatial Small Worlds: New Geographic Patterns for an Information Economy (2004)

Networks are structures that pervade many natural and manmade phenomena. Recent findings have characterized many networks as not random chaotic structures but as efficient complex formations. Current research has examined complex networks as largely a nonspatial phenomenon. Location, distance, and geography, though, are all vital aspects of a wide variety of networks. The authors examine the US portion of Internet infrastructure as a complex network and the role distance and geography play in its formation. From these findings implications are drawn on the economic, political, national security, and technological impacts of network formation and evolution in an information economy.
Fluorescence Spectral Characteristics of Fiber Optic Imaging Bundles (2005)

Fiber optic-imaging bundles have been evaluated to characterize their fluorescence properties. Excitation-emission maps were generated in the UV/visible range using a customized spectrometer.
The spatial distribution of cobalt phthalocyanine and copper nanocubes controls the selectivity towards C2 products in tandem electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (2023)

The coupling of CO-generating molecular catalysts with copper electrodes in tandem schemes is a promising strategy to boost the formation of multi-carbon products in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub>. While the spatial distribution of the two components is important, this aspect remains underexplored for molecular-based tandem systems. Herein, we address this knowledge gap by studying tandem catalysts comprising Co-phthalocyanine (CoPc) and Cu nanocubes (Cu<sub>cub</sub>). In particular, we identify the importance of the relative spatial distribution of the two components on the performance of the tandem catalyst by preparing CoPc-Cu<sub>cub</sub>/C, wherein the CoPc and Cu<sub>cub</sub> share an interface, and CoPc-C/Cu<sub>cub</sub>, wherein the CoPc is loaded first on carbon black (C) before mixing with the Cu<sub>cub</sub>. The electrocatalytic measurements of these two catalysts show that the faradaic efficiency towards C<sub>2</sub> products almost doubles for the CoPc-Cu<sub>cub</sub>/C, whereas it decreases by half for the CoPc-C/Cu<sub>cub</sub>, compared to the Cu<sub>cub</sub>/C. Our results highlight the importance of a direct contact between the CO-generating molecular catalyst and the Cu to promote C-C coupling, which hints at a surface transport mechanism of the CO intermediate between the two components of the tandem catalyst instead of a transfer <i>via</i> CO diffusion in the electrolyte followed by re-adsorption.
Generic Security Proof of Quantum Key Exchange using Squeezed States. (arXiv:quant-ph/0508072v1 CROSS LISTED) (2018)

Recently, a Quantum Key Exchange protocol that uses squeezed states was presented by Gottesman and Preskill. In this paper we give a generic security proof for this protocol. The method used for this generic security proof is based on recent work by Christiandl, Renner and Ekert.