gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA replication licensing and human cell proliferation (2001)

The convergence point of growth regulatory pathways that control cell proliferation is the initiation of genome replication, the core of which is the assembly of pre-replicative complexes resulting in chromatin being "licensed" for DNA replication in the subsequent S phase. We have analysed regulation of the pre-replicative complex proteins ORC, Cdc6, and MCM in cycling and non-proliferating quiescent, differentiated and replicative senescent human cells. Moreover, a human cell-free DNA replication system has been exploited to study the replicative capacity of nuclei and cytosolic extracts prepared from these cells. These studies demonstrate that downregulation of the Cdc6 and MCM constituents of the replication initiation pathway is a common downstream mechanism for loss of proliferative capacity in human cells. Furthermore, analysis of MCM protein expression in self-renewing, stable and permanent human tissues shows that the three classes of tissue have developed very different growth control strategies with respect to replication licensing. Notably, in breast tissue we found striking differences between the proportion of mammary acinar cells that express MCM proteins and those labelled with conventional proliferation markers, raising the intriguing possibility that progenitor cells of some tissues are held in a prolonged G1 phase or "in-cycle arrest". We conclude that biomarkers for replication-licensed cells detect, in addition to actively proliferating cells, cells with growth potential, a concept that has major implications for developmental and cancer biology.
Multiple wave-vector extensions of the NMR pulsed-field-gradient spin-echo diffusion measurement (1995)

Multiple wave-vector extensions of NMR pulsed-field-gradient diffusion measurements are discussed in the context of diffractionlike effects of restricted diffusion. In the case of two independent wave vectors, it is shown that the dependence of the amplitude on the relative angle between the wave vectors carries information that is absent in the usual single-wave-vector amplitude. It is shown that a two-wave-vector measurement is sensitive to restricted diffusion even at small wave vectors, in contrast with the single-wave-vector case. It is proposed that the angular dependence noted above may be used to distinguish effects of restricted diffusion from those arising from a distribution of diffusion constants.
The Reaction Mechanism of the Enantioselective Tsuji Allylation: Inner-Sphere and Outer-Sphere Pathways, Internal Rearrangements, and Asymmetric C–C Bond Formation (2012)

We use first principles quantum mechanics (density functional theory) to report a detailed reaction mechanism of the asymmetric Tsuji allylation involving prochiral nucleophiles and nonprochiral allyl fragments, which is consistent with experimental findings. The observed enantioselectivity is best explained with an inner-sphere mechanism involving the formation of a 5-coordinate Pd species that undergoes a ligand rearrangement, which is selective with regard to the prochiral faces of the intermediate enolate. Subsequent reductive elimination generates the product and a Pd(0) complex. The reductive elimination occurs via an unconventional seven-centered transition state that contrasts dramatically with the standard three-centered C-C reductive elimination mechanism. Although limitations in the present theory prevent the conclusive identification of the enantioselective step, we note that three different computational schemes using different levels of theory all find that inner-sphere pathways are lower in energy than outer-sphere pathways. This result qualitatively contrasts with established allylation reaction mechanisms involving prochiral nucleophiles and prochiral allyl fragments. Energetic profiles of all reaction pathways are presented in detail.
Modeling of polarization-mode competition in fiber DFB lasers (1998)

A comprehensive model for steady-state analysis of polarization-mode competition in fiber distributed feedback (DFB) lasers is presented. Effects of polarization-dependent grating nonuniformities, polarization-dependent grating strength, coupling between the linear polarization states due to twist or Faraday rotation, back reflections, cross saturation from serially multiplexed lasers, as well as spatially and polarization-dependent gain hole burning are covered by the model. Regimes of single and dual polarization operation are identified for different types of polarization imperfections in the cavity. The output powers of the individual modes and the magnitudes of the hole-burning mechanisms are also calculated anti discussed.
Biosynthetic Precursors of the Lipase Inhibitor Lipstatin (2002)

Three putative intermediates in the biosynthesis of the lipase inhibitor lipstatin were synthesized in stable isotope-labeled form and were added to fermentation cultures of Streptomyces toxytricini. Biosynthetic lipstatin was isolated and analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. [3,10,11,12-(2)H]-(3S,5Z,8Z)-3-hydroxytetradeca-5,8-dienoic acid (9) was shown to serve as a direct biosynthetic precursor of lipstatin. [7,8-(2)H(2)]Hexylmalonate (11) was also incorporated into lipstatin, albeit at a relatively low rate. The leucine moiety of [(13)C-formyl,(15)N]-N-formylleucine (10) was diverted to lipstatin under loss of the (13)C-labeled formyl residue.
Depletion of GSH in glial cells induces neurotoxicity: relevance to aging and degenerative neurological diseases (2010)

Oxidative stress induced by inhibition of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis with D,L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) causes human microglia, human astrocytes, THP-1 cells, and U373 cells to secrete materials toxic to human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and stimulates them to release TNF-alpha, IL-6, and nitrite ions. The effect is correlated with activation of the inflammatory pathways P38 MAP- kinase, Jun-N-terminal kinase, and NF-kappaB. The effect is reduced by adding to the medium GSH or clotrimazole (CTM), an inhibitor of Ca(2+)-influx through TRPM2 channels. It is also produced by inhibiting TRPM2 protein expression in microglia and astrocytes through introduction of its small inhibitory RNA (siRNA). TRPM2 mRNA is expressed by glial cells but not by SH-SY5Y cells. BSO in the culture medium causes an almost 3-fold increase in [Ca(2+)](i) in microglia and astrocytes over a 24-h period, which is reduced to half by the addition of CTM. The data strongly suggest that inhibiting intracellular GSH synthesis induces a neuroinflammatory response in human microglia and astrocytes, which is linked to Ca(2+) influx through TRPM2 channels. It represents a new model for inducing neuroinflammation and suggests that increasing GSH levels in glial cells may confer neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, which have a prominent neuroinflammatory component.
Research and Application Progress of Mesoporous Materials Synthesized by Rosin-based Surfactant Template (2020)

Rosin is a kind of important natural chemical materials which can be regenerated naturally, and it is widely used. The synthesis of surfactants from rosin is one of the main ways of deep processing. Rosin is easy to modify because it contains carbon-carbon double bonds and carboxyl active groups. A series of rosin-based surfactants can be synthesized through the modification of rosin. Rosin-based surfactants are widely used in the synthesis of nanomaterials and mesoporous materials due to their special three-membered phenanthrene frame structure. Therefore, in this article the application of rosin-based template synthesis of mesoporous materials was summarized in detail, which mainly included from the aspects of rosin composition and structure, modified synthetic surfactants and mesoporous materials used for synthesis, and existing problems. Combined with the application status of rosin series surfactants, the future research direction and development trend of new rosin-based surfactants are prospected.
Local Failure in Patients Treated with Radiotherapy and Multidrug Chemotherapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer (1990)

Fifty-three patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 40 Gy in the chest tumour. Intrathoracic failure occurred in 89% of the cases with extensive disease and in 60% of those with limited disease. Since 86% of all failures were localized within the target volume, one can conclude that in most cases the radiation dose was too low for eradication of the tumour. The treatment technique resulted in dose inhomogeneities of more than +/- 5% in 45% of the cases. The high local failure rate might indicate the need of improved radiotherapy, in the first place higher radiation dose. However, 82% of the patients with limited disease and local failure and 50% of those without local failure also developed distant metastases. This might indicate that the curative potential of improved thoracic radiotherapy probably is limited. Besides, lethal treatment toxicity affected particularly patients in whom local cure had been achieved, indicating the difficulty of increasing the treatment intensity without increasing the lethal toxicity in potentially curable cases.
Blockade of adenosine A2A receptors by SCH 58261 results in neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischaemia in rats (1998)

Blockade of adenosine receptors can reduce cerebral infarct size in the model of global ischaemia. Using the potent and selective A2A adenosine receptor antagonist, SCH 58261, we assessed whether A2A receptors are involved in the neuronal damage following focal cerebral ischaemia as induced by occluding the left middle cerebral artery. SCH 58261 (0.01 mg/kg either i.p. or i.v.) administered to normotensive rats 10 min after ischaemia markedly reduced cortical infarct volume as measured 24 h later (30% vs controls, p < 0.05). Similar effects were observed when SCH 58261 (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to hypertensive rats (28% infarct volume reduction vs controls, p < 0.05). Neuroprotective properties of SCH 58261 administered after ischaemia indicate that blockade of A2A adenosine receptors is a potentially useful biological target for the reduction of brain injury.
Unbalanced and Balanced Heterologous Acrocentric Rearrangements Involving Chromosome 21 at Amniocentesis (2010)

Concerning heterologous acrocentric rearrangements involving chromosome 21, the frequency of unbalanced rearrangements was 0.0064% and that of balanced rearrangements was 0.0224% at amniocentesis. In this study, rob(14q21q) was the most common, and rob(13q21q) and rob(15q21q) were the second most common rearrangements. Of the six families with an inherited heterologous acrocentric rearrangement involving chromosome 21, 50% (3/6) were aware of their parental carrier status only after prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with a translocation by amniocentesis.
Influence of the Charge Transport Characteristics on the Holographic Response of Organic Photorefractive Materials (2001)

Abstract Organic photorefractive materials have attracted a lot of interest recently. Their optical response times of a few milliseconds, however, are not yet adequate for the desired commercial applications. We present an investigation on the correlation between the optical response time and photoelectric quantities, such as the hole mobility and the dispersivity of charge carrier transport. Key Words: organic photorefractive materialscharge transportholographyhole mobility
TriggeringAkkermansiawith dietary polyphenols: A new weapon to combat the metabolic syndrome? (2016)

The gut and its bacterial colonizers are now well characterized as key players in whole-body metabolism, opening new avenues of research and generating great expectation for new treatments against obesity and its cardiometabolic complications. As diet is the main environmental factor affecting the gut microbiota, it has been suggested that fruits and vegetables, whose consumption is strongly associated with a healthy lifestyle, may carry phytochemicals that could help maintain intestinal homeostasis and metabolic health. We recently demonstrated that oral administration of a cranberry extract rich in polyphenols prevented diet-induced obesity and several detrimental features of the metabolic syndrome in association with a remarkable increase in the abundance of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia in the gut microbiota of mice. This addendum provides an extended discussion in light of recent discoveries suggesting a mechanistic link between polyphenols and Akkermansia, also contemplating how this unique microorganism may be exploited to fight the metabolic syndrome.
An 80GHz range synchronized push-push oscillator for automotive radar application (2010)

In this paper, we present an injection locked oscillator operating at 81GHz and intended for automotive radar applications. The topology of the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is based on a push-push topology suitable for millimeter wave applications. The synthesis technique is based on a synchronization throw an external sub-harmonic signal. The reference signal, around 8GHz, is converted before being injected into the oscillator by inductive coupling. We describe in this work, the details of this synchronization technique. The synthesizer is implemented in a 0.13μm SiGe BiCMOS technology from STMicroelectronics. The synchronized oscillator exhibits a maximum locking range of 3GHz from 81GHz to 84GHz and a phase noise around -108dBc/Hz at 10MHz from the carrier frequency. The 1.1mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> circuit chip consumes 60mA under 1.8V supply.
Improved Pyroelectric Figures of Merit in Compositionally Graded PbZr1–xTixO3 Thin Films (2013)

Pyroelectric materials have been widely used for a range of thermal-related applications including thermal imaging/sensing, waste heat energy conversion, and electron emission. In general, the figures of merit for applications of pyroelectric materials are proportional to the pyroelectric coefficient and inversely proportional to the dielectric permittivity. In this context, we explore single-layer and compositionally graded PbZr1-xTixO3 thin-film heterostructures as a way to independently engineer the pyroelectric coefficient and dielectric permittivity of materials and increase overall performance. Compositional gradients in thin films are found to produce large strain gradients which generate large built-in potentials in the films that can reduce the permittivity while maintaining large pyroelectric response. Routes to enhance the figures of merit of pyroelectric materials by 3-12 times are reported, and comparisons to standard materials are made.
Programming models for emerging non-volatile memory technologies (2013)

Upcoming advances in Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) technologies
will blur the line between storage and memory, creating a disruptive
change to the way software is written. Just as NAND (Flash) has led
to the addition of new operations such as TRIM, next generation NVM will
support load/store operations and require new APIs. In this article, I describe
some of the issues related to NVM programming, how they are currently
being resolved, and how you can learn more about the emerging interfaces.
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a case series (2011)

RCVS classically presents with 'thunderclap' headaches and neurological symptoms but cortical SAH is not an uncommon presentation with a unique and focal distribution overlying the cerebral sulci. Although the initial clinical and angiographic appearance of RCVS may be confused for vasospasm related to aneurysmal SAH or primary angiitis of the CNS, its clinical, laboratory and imaging features assist in diagnosis.
Bedeutung von Sonographie und Computertomographie für die Diagnostik intraperitonealer Tumorausbreitungen (1990)

Taking the results of 307 cases with peritoneal carcinomatosis, the diagnostic value of ultrasonography and computerized tomography in the detection of peritoneal spread of gynaecological and gastrointestinal tumors is discussed. Ascites is the most important, though nonspecific, symptom which can be detected with the greatest accuracy. Peritoneal nodular lesions as well as omental and/or mesenteric involvement can easily be missed by both methods. Thus, staging-laparotomy cannot be replaced in the management of gynecologic malignancies.
A deep representation learning speech enhancement method using β-VAE (2022)

In previous work, we proposed a variational autoencoder-based (VAE) Bayesian permutation training speech enhancement (SE) method (PVAE) which indicated that the SE performance of the traditional deep neural network-based (DNN) method could be improved by deep representation learning (DRL). Based on our previous work, we in this paper propose to use β-VAE to further improve PVAE's ability of representation learning. More specifically, our β-VAE can improve PVAE's capacity of disentangling different latent variables from the observed signal without the trade-off problem between disentanglement and signal reconstruction. This trade-off problem widely exists in previous β-VAE algorithms. Unlike the previous β-VAE algorithms, the proposed β-VAE strategy can also be used to optimize the DNN's structure. This means that the proposed method can not only improve PVAE's SE performance but also reduce the number of PVAE training parameters. The experimental results show that the proposed method can acquire better speech and noise latent representation than PVAE. Meanwhile, it also obtains a higher scale-invariant signal-to-distortion ratio, speech Quality, and speech intelligibility.
Evolution de la résistance électrique lors du vieillissement d'un CMC sous conditions oxydantes (2023)

L’introduction de Composites à Matrice Céramique en aéronautique civile nécessite une compréhension approfondie de leur comportement thermomécanique et le développement de techniques non-destructives permettant un suivi en temps réel de l’endommagement. A cet égard, un composite SiCf/PyC/[Si-B-C]m a été soumis à des essais de traction à température ambiante et des essais de vieillissement thermomécaniques avec une mesure en continu de sa résistance électrique. Il a été montré que l’interphase en pyrocarbone était le principal conducteur du courant dans ce composite. L’évolution de la résistance électrique en fonction des déformations a été modélisée et reliée analytiquement aux densités de fissuration et de décohésion, démontrant une corrélation de bonne qualité avec les résultats expérimentaux. Des essais de vieillissement effectués à 450°C ont mené à des augmentations de résistance bien plus élevées qu’à température ambiante, malgré des niveaux de contraintes fixées nettement plus bas. Cela a été relié à la dégradation de résistance par oxydation en plus de celle associée à l’usure mécanique. La présence d’humidité dans l’atmosphère amplifie l’oxydation de l’interphase et les augmentations de résistance. Le suivi d’endommagement par mesure de résistance électrique permet ainsi de quantifier efficacement l’état de dégradation de l’interphase, essentielles aux propriétés mécaniques du composite.
Material Characterization and Transfer of Large-Area Ultra-Thin Polydimethylsiloxane Membranes (2015)

Fabrication of ultra-thin (1-20-μm thickness) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films is enabled with a hexane dilution process and an underlying gelatin release layer. The release and transfer of these films over large areas (>5 cm) allows measurement of the thickness-dependent and process-dependent mechanical properties of ultra-thin PDMS membranes, reported for the first time. The effective Young's modulus of 1-μm-thick PDMS, measured by bulge testing, is approximately ten times larger than that of 0.5-mm-thick material, following a continuous power-law relationship over the entire thickness range. Mesh-patterned metal electrodes of 2-μm minimum feature size are embedded in selected membranes. Metal evaporation and subsequent reactive ion etch patterning on PDMS increases its Young's modulus due to the increase in cross-link formation and hardening of the surface. The results are meaningful in design and fabrication of soft electronics, microsensors, microvalves, and micropumps.
Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions for Targeted Drug Delivery to the Brain (2011)

Brain disorders including neurological disorders, inflammatory and infectious conditions of brain, brain cancer and brain stroke pose a significant challenge globally. The blood brain barrier (BBB) an important physiological barrier limits access of drug to the site of action. While passive diffusion and endogenous carrier mediated transport are two important mechanisms for the transport of substances across the BBB into the luminal side, efflux transporters severely limit drug concentration. Drug delivery strategies must address on one hand methods to bypass the BBB and on the other hand methods to overcome efflux transporters. Lipid based nanocarriers, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles are widely investigated for brain targeting. Emulsion based lipid nanocarriers like microemulsions (ME) and nanoemulsions (NE) provide an additional advantage of greater bypass of the reticulo-endothelial system with improved brain targeting. More recently the promise of ME and NE for brain delivery has been cited. Oil, surfactants and water are the primary components of ME and NE. ME may additionally comprise cosurfactants. The reviews discusses the development of ME/NE, design of functional ME/NE by appropriate selection of primary ME/NE components which could provide improved brain delivery by functioning as stealth agent, absorption enhancer, efflux transporter inhibitor or even facilitate receptor mediated endocytosis. Engineering functional ME/NE into multifunctional ME/NE as a strategy to further enhance brain targeting is also presented. Functional and multifunctional excipients have been discussed. The possible routes of delivery namely intravenous, oral and intranasal and therapeutic applications of ME/NE designed for brain targeting is also reviewed. Keywords: Microemulsion, Brain targeting, Blood Brain Barrier, Nose to brain delivery, neurological disorders, brain cancer, brain stroke, efflux transporters, liposomes, Nanoemulsion, polymeric nanoparticles, occludin, claudins, junctional adhesion molecule, endothelial cells, luminal, abluminal, Passive Diffusion, lipophilicity, Endogenous Carrier-Mediated Transport, Carrier-mediated Facilitated Transport, organic cation transport, organic anion transporters, exocytosis, P-Glycoprotein, Breast Cancer Resistance Protein, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, topotecan, sodium, daunomycin, amphotericin, demonstrated, tobramycin, idarubicin, camptothecin