gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Petroleum Sulfonates by a Nonaqueous Titration Method (1981)

Abstract A new method is described for the determination of the equivalent weight for petroleum sulfonates. The method is based on the direct acidimetric titration of the sulfonate in acetic acid/acetic anhydride solvent using a titrant of perchloric acid in dioxane. From the titration, the moles of perchloric acid required to react with the sulfonate is measured. The equivalent weight is calculated from the grams of sample titrated and the moles of acid used. The potentiometric titration can be carried out in less than 10 minutes and can be done with 10 to 100 mg of sample. The accuracy and precision of the procedure were examined by the titration of sodium salts of p-toluene sulfonate, 2-naphthalene sulfonate, and petroleum sulfonates. In general, values for the equivalent weight were within 2% of those values determined by the Epton titration, by wet ashing methods, or from the theoretical value. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for the procedure is estimated to be 0.5%. For p-toluene sulfonate, an RSD of 0.15% was calculated. The new method was used to determine the equivalent weights for three fractions of a petroleum sulfonate obtained by the preferential elution from silica gel with alcohol. A series of samples with varying equivalent weight was prepared by proportional combination of the three fractions. Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) gave a set of data points of peak areas for the series. A plot of equivalent weight as a function of disulfonate to total peak area ratio resulted in a straight line. The slope of this line is descriptive of the molecular weight range for the petroleum sulfonate.
Correcting Scaling Errors in Tomographic Images Using a Nine Degree of Freedom Registration Algorithm (1998)

We have demonstrated that a nine degree of freedom registration algorithm that maximizes mutual information can significantly reduce scaling errors in MR.
Binding of Aggregated IgG by Human B Lymphocytes Independent of Fc Receptors (1974)

We present data concerning the mechanism of the binding of aggregated IgG and of IgG‐sensitized erythrocytes by different human lymphocyte‐like cells. The results showed that the two phenomena are related to different subpopulations of lymphocytes. By fractionation and depletion studies of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and lymphocyte‐like cells binding IgG‐sensitized erythrocytes (EA‐RFC), it was demonstrated that binding of aggregated IgG is related to B lymphocytes, whereas binding of IgG‐sensitized erythrocytes depends on another subpopulation of lymphocyte‐like cells. Whereas binding of IgG‐sensitized erythrocytes by EA‐RFCs depends entirely on the Fc fragment, binding studies with IgG fragments suggested that the interaction of aggregated IgG with B lymphocytes is different.
The First Entry to Complex Bakkanes: A Highly Effective Retroaldol–Aldol-Based Approach to (−)-Bakkenolides III, B, C, and H (2000)

Eine neuartige SmI2-vermittelte chemoselektive zweifache Reduktion eines Epoxyketons und eine thermodynamisch gesteuerte Retroaldol-Aldolreaktion ermöglichten die Synthese von enantiomerenreinem (−)-Bakkenolid III 1. Diese Verbindung diente als Plattform für den Zugang zu ausgewählten bioaktiven C1,C9-Diacyloxybakkenoliden.
(Invited) Electrochemical Liquid-Liquid-Solid Growth of Pd and Pt Intermetallic Crystals (2022)

This presentation details the development of electrochemical liquid-liquid-solid (ec-LLS) strategies for the deposition and crystal growth of Pt-group intermetallic compounds. That is, methods where the liquid metal electrode/solvent in ec-LLS is used also as a reactant to form binary and ternary intermetallic compounds will be described. This strategy enables the synthesis and collection of metastable intermetallic and alloy phases that are otherwise unattainable by conventional electrodeposition or metallurgical reactions between constituent metals at room temperature. This presentation will detail how the identity of the liquid metal through its solvation properties and its tendency for electrocapillarity affect the products obtained by ec-LLS.
PON in adolescence: from TDMA to WDM-PON (2008)

Passive optical networks are used for fiber-to-the-home/curb/cabinet/building applications. Today, two PON variants with time-domain multiple access, GPON and EPON, are being used for mass roll-outs. WDM-PONs are the next step up from these PONs to accommodate traffic growth and new applications. This article analyzes WDM-PON variants and proposes they be used for a unified optical access and back-hauling network.
Inhibitory Mechanism of an Allosteric Antibody Targeting the Glucagon Receptor (2013)

Elevated glucagon levels and increased hepatic glucagon receptor (GCGR) signaling contribute to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. We have identified a monoclonal antibody that inhibits GCGR, a class B G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), through a unique allosteric mechanism. Receptor inhibition is mediated by the binding of this antibody to two distinct sites that lie outside of the glucagon binding cleft. One site consists of a patch of residues that are surface-exposed on the face of the extracellular domain (ECD) opposite the ligand-binding cleft, whereas the second binding site consists of residues in the αA helix of the ECD. A docking model suggests that the antibody does not occlude the ligand-binding cleft. We solved the crystal structure of GCGR ECD containing a naturally occurring G40S mutation and found a shift in the register of the αA helix that prevents antibody binding. We also found that alterations in the αA helix impact the normal function of GCGR. We present a model for the allosteric inhibition of GCGR by a monoclonal antibody that may form the basis for the development of allosteric modulators for the treatment of diabetes and other class B GPCR-related diseases.
Procedure for Simulating the Direct Path Loss Between Body-Worn Antennas (2020)

An efficient procedure for simulating the direct path loss between body-worn antennas is presented. Nearfield sources are used to simplify the simulations and reduce the number of mesh cells. The procedure is validated with conventional full 2-port CST T-solver simulations. Next, the direct path loss between each of five different hearing solutions and a connectivity device placed on the chest are presented and discussed. Finally, it is reported that the simulation time for some of the hearing solutions is improved with up to a factor of 5.
Prostaglandin E2 is activated by airway injury and regulates fibroblast cytoskeletal dynamics (2009)

PGE2 is activated during mucosal inflammation and acts to decrease fibroplastic activity in the mucosal wound bed. During subglottic stenosis (SGS) development, the levels of PGE2 generated in response to injury may be insufficient to blunt the intrinsically fibroplastic phenotype of SGS fibroblasts, resulting in excessive scarring.
Interactions across spatial scales and the size-disparity correlation in stereopsis (1993)

We recently presented evidence for a strong correlation between spatial frequency and the range of disparities processed (the so-called “size-disparity correlation”) in stereopsis at contrast threshold in narrowband filtered random-dot stereograms. A determination of stereothreshold with standing disparity with these targets also demonstrates this correlation. Stereothresholds increased away from the fixation plane faster for stimuli of high- than of low center spatial frequency. Stereothresholds could be measured over a greater range of standing disparities with low- than with high frequency targets.
Improvement in theIn VivoDigestibility of Rice Protein by Alkali Extraction Is Due to Structural Changes in Prolamin/Protein Body-I Particle (2010)

Rice prolamin, constituting type-I protein body (PB-I), is indigestible and causes deterioration of rice protein nutritional quality. In this study, the in vivo digestibility of rice protein isolates was investigated by tracing their intraluminal transit in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of rats by western blotting and by observing the structures excreted in the feces by electron microscopy. Two types of rice protein isolates, produced by alkali extraction (AE-RP) and by starch degradation (SD-RP), were compared. The protein patterns in the isolates were similar, but their digestion in the GI-tract showed striking differences. In the AE-RP group, 13-kDa prolamin (13P) quickly disappeared in the lower GI tract and was not excreted in the feces. By contrast, in the SD-RP group, 13P accumulated massively and nearly intact PB-Is were excreted. These results indicate that the in vivo digestibility of prolamin can be improved by alkali extraction through structural changes to it.
Metallohelical Triangles for Selective Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate in Aqueous Media (2008)

Metallohelical triangles consisting of chromophore units and hydrogen-bonding trigger sites were prepared by modulating two tridentate N(2)O units containing amide groups within a central benzene ring at the meta sites, for the selective detection of adenosine trisphosphate in aqueous media over other ribonucleotides.
CeO2(111) Surface with Oxygen Vacancy for Radical Scavenging: A Density Functional Theory Approach (2020)

CeO2 has been established as an effective scavenger for destructive oxygen radicals in fuel cell membranes. The effect of ceria (CeO2) surface defect on •OH and •OOH radical scavenging efficacy is investigated using density functional theory (DFT). Our calculations suggest that both •OH and •OOH can be bound to oxygen vacancies on the CeO2(111) surface. Intriguingly, binding to the triangular defect (•OH binding energy = −4.54 eV; •OOH binding energy = −3.20 eV) is more favorable than binding to the linear defect (•OH binding energy = −4.12 eV; •OOH binding energy = −2.80 eV). This is likely due to Coulombic repulsive interaction from the additional oxygen atom adjacent to the linear defect. This is also potentially due to the greater localization of electrons to defect-adjacent cerium atoms in the triangular defect, as demonstrated via a Mulliken population analysis. Confirming this observation, it is shown that the density of states (DOS) for the Ce 4f band undergoes a significant alteration near the Fermi level due to this electron localization. As such, it is demonstrated that the triangular defect possesses a superior radical scavenging capability compared to the linear defect. Based on the results of this study, we suggest that future experimental studies aim to synthesize ceria nanoparticles with a greater percentage of triangular defects to enhance the particle radical scavenging capability.
A human surfactant peptide-elastase inhibitor construct as a treatment for emphysema (2010)

Two million Americans suffer from pulmonary emphysema, costing $2.5 billion/year and contributing to 100,000 deaths/year. Emphysema is thought to result from an imbalance between elastase and endogenous inhibitors of elastase, leading to tissue destruction and a loss of alveoli. Decades of research have still not resulted in an effective treatment other than stopping cigarette smoking, a highly addictive behavior. On the basis of our previous work, we hypothesize that small molecule inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase are ineffective because of rapid clearance from the lungs. To develop a long-acting elastase inhibitor with a lung pharmacodynamic profile that has minimal immunogenicity, we covalently linked an elastase inhibitor, similar to a trifluoro inhibitor that was used in clinical trials, to a 25-amino-acid fragment of human surfactant peptide B. We used this construct to prevent human neutrophil elastase-induced emphysema in a rodent model. The elastase inhibitor alone, although in a 70-fold molar excess to elastase in a mixture with <0.6% residual elastase activity, provided no protection from elastase-induced emphysema. Covalently combining an endogenous peptide from the target organ with a synthetic small molecule inhibitor is a unique way of endowing an active compound with the pharmacodynamic profile needed to create in vivo efficacy.
Crystal structure of type II NADH:quinone oxidoreductase from Caldalkalibacillus thermarum with an improved resolution of 2.15 Å (2017)

Type II NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (NDH-2) is a respiratory enzyme found in the electron-transport chain of many species, with the exception of mammals. It is a 40-70 kDa single-subunit monotopic membrane protein that catalyses the oxidation of NADH and the reduction of quinone molecules via the cofactor FAD. NDH-2 is a promising new target for drug development given its essential role in many bacterial species and intracellular parasites. Only two bacterial NDH-2 structures have been reported and these structures are at moderate resolution (2.3-2.5 Å). In this communication, a new crystallization platform is reported that produced high-quality NDH-2 crystals that diffracted to high resolution (2.15 Å). The high-resolution NDH-2 structure was used for in silico quinone substrate-docking studies to investigate the binding poses of menadione and ubiquinone molecules. These studies revealed that a very limited number of molecular interactions occur at the quinone-binding site of NDH-2. Given that the conformation of the active site is well defined, this high-resolution structure is potentially suitable for in silico inhibitor-compound screening and ligand-docking applications.
Behavioral Economics of Cigarette Purchase Tasks: Within-Subject Comparison of Real, Potentially Real, and Hypothetical Cigarettes (2015)

Combined, these results suggest that purchasing behavior during potentially real sessions (1) was not functionally different from real sessions, (2) imposes fewer costs to the experimenter, and (3) has high levels of both internal and external validity.
Preparation and characterization of quantum-size titanium dioxide (1988)

The syntheses of transparent colloidal solutions of extremely small titanium dioxide particles (d &lt; 3 nm) in water, ethanol, 2-propanol, and acetonitrile are presented. Quantum-size effects are observed during particle growth and at the final stages of synthesis. They are quantitatively interpreted by using a quantum mechanical model developed by Brus. The particles prepared in aqueous solution possess the anatase structure and consist of about 200 TiO_2 molecules at their final growth stage. The colloidal particles can be isolated from solution as white powders that are soluble in water and ethanol with no&#13;\napparent change in their properties. In organic solvents the quantum-size TiO_2 particles appear to form with rutile structure. Excess negative charge on the particles resulting either from deprotonated surface hydroxyl groups or from photogenerated or externally injected charge carriers causes a blue shift in the electronic absorption spectrum, which is explained by an electrostatic model. Electrons can be trapped in the solid as a Ti^(3+) species, which has a characteristic visible absorption spectrum. As&#13;\nmuch as 10% of the available Ti^(4+) ions can be reduced photochemically in the solid with a quantum yield of 3%. Molecular oxygen reoxidizes the Ti^(3+) centers, leading to detectable amounts of surface-bound peroxides. The pH of zero point of charge (pH_(zpc)) of the aqueous colloidal suspension has been determined to be 5.1 ± 0.2. The acid-catalyzed dissolution of the aqueous colloid yielding Ti(IV) oligomers has been studied, and an activation energy E_a = 58 ± 4 kJ/mol has been measured for this reaction. The photocatalytic activity of the small TiO_2 particles is demonstrated.
Velocity sensing by illumination with a laser-beam pattern (1993)

Light reflected from an object moving through a periodical laser-beam pattern shows periodic intensity variation. The object's velocity can be determined from its frequency.
Stacking angle-domain common-image gathers for normalization of illumination (2010)

Unequal illumination of the subsurface highly impacts the quality of seismic imaging. Different image points receive different folds of reflection-angle illumination, which can be caused by irregular acquisition or by wave propagation in complex media. Illumination problems can deteriorate amplitudes in migrated images. To address this problem, we present a method of stacking angle-domain common-image gathers, in which we use local similarity with soft thresholding to determine the folds of local illumination. Normalization by local similarity regularizes local illumination of reflection angles for each image point of the subsurface model. This approach compensates for irregular illumination by selective stacking in the image space, regardless of the cause of acquisition or propagation irregularities. Additional migration is not required because the methodology is implemented in the reflection angle domain after migration. We use two synthetic examples to demonstrate that our method can normalize migration amplitudes and effectively suppress migration artefacts.
The effect of immunization schedule with the malaria vaccine candidate RTS,S/AS01E on protective efficacy and anti-circumsporozoite protein antibody avidity in African infants (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00436007 .
How Soluble GARP Enhances TGFβ Activation (2016)

GARP (glycoprotein A repetitions predominant) is a cell surface receptor on regulatory T-lymphocytes, platelets, hepatic stellate cells and certain cancer cells. Its described function is the binding and accommodation of latent TGFβ (transforming growth factor), before the activation and release of the mature cytokine. For regulatory T cells it was shown that a knockdown of GARP or a treatment with blocking antibodies dramatically decreases their immune suppressive capacity. This confirms a fundamental role of GARP in the basic function of regulatory T cells. Prerequisites postulated for physiological GARP function include membrane anchorage of GARP, disulfide bridges between the propeptide of TGFβ and GARP and connection of this propeptide to αvβ6 or αvβ8 integrins of target cells during mechanical TGFβ release. Other studies indicate the existence of soluble GARP complexes and a functionality of soluble GARP alone. In order to clarify the underlying molecular mechanism, we expressed and purified recombinant TGFβ and a soluble variant of GARP. Surprisingly, soluble GARP and TGFβ formed stable non-covalent complexes in addition to disulfide-coupled complexes, depending on the redox conditions of the microenvironment. We also show that soluble GARP alone and the two variants of complexes mediate different levels of TGFβ activity. TGFβ activation is enhanced by the non-covalent GARP-TGFβ complex already at low (nanomolar) concentrations, at which GARP alone does not show any effect. This supports the idea of soluble GARP acting as immune modulator in vivo.
Capturing And Visualising Bluetooth Encounters (2008)

In this paper we describe the development of a platform that enables us to systematically study online social networks alongside their real-world counterparts. Our system, entitled Cityware, merges users’ online social data, made available through Facebook, with mobility traces captured via Bluetooth scanning. Furthermore, we present three prototype visualisations we have developed for representing the captured data. Finally we discuss the comments we have received from users who engaged with our systems.
Development of a Research Participants’ Perception Survey to Improve Clinical Research (2012)

The validated survey offers a new method for assessing and improving outcomes of clinical research processes.
Development of a Taqman-based real-time PCR assay for detection of porcine sapelovirus infection in pigs (2018)

The objective of the present study was to develop a rapid, simple, specific and sensitive Taqman-based real-time PCR assay for porcine sapelovirus (PSV) detection. Specific primers and probe were designed from the five untranslated regions (UTRs) of the viral genome. The detection limit of the real-time PCR was 10<sup>2</sup> copies. The specificity of the Taqman real-time PCR assay was evaluated using other animal viruses and nuclease free water as a negative control. Strong fluorescent signals were obtained only in the detection of PSV real-time PCR and conventional RT-PCR were preformed simultaneously on 90 faecal samples. Based on conventional RT-PCR study 17.7% (16/90) of the faecal samples were positive for PSV. Whereas 21 of 90 samples (23.3%) were positive by real-time RT-PCR. The results showed that real-time PCR was more sensitive than the conventional RT-PCR assay. In conclusion, the Taqman real-time PCR assay for detection of PSV developed, herein, is sensitive, specific, and reliable. This assay will be useful for clinical diagnosis, epidemiological, and pathogenesis studies.
Optimization of English Machine Translation Algorithm Based on Internet Information Technology (2021)

Machine translation English technology uses computers to translate one natural language into another, and quickly convert between different languages. The translation efficiency of English automatic translation technology is low. In order to meet the needs of real-time application rather than people's expectations, the process of generating correct translation in English translation system is inseparable from the participation of translators. In this case, researchers turn their attention from automatic English translation to computer-aided English translation. The system provides translators with useful translation and auxiliary tools to help them review the translation. The interaction between the machine translation English system and the translator can guide the computer to decode and improve the quality of the output translation, so as to realize the combination of the high efficiency of the English translation system and the high accuracy of the translator. The current basic IMT method takes Internet information technology as an example to expand the scope of candidate translation elements, and designs an interactive interface based on the translator's cognitive translation process to improve the post-translation process. This paper introduces the research situation and subject source of relevant researchers in the field of interactive machine translation English in detail. The research results show that this method is effective. More computer experts and scholars also study machine translation English system and devote themselves to the research of Internet machine translation. Compared with the traditional translation methods, it improves the work efficiency.
[Effectiveness of oral administration of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei F19 in association with vaginal suppositories of Lactobacillus acidofilus in the treatment of vaginosis and in the prevention of recurrent vaginitis]. (2006)

The results obtained in this study show that the therapy with vaginal Lactobacillus in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis is successful. The association of oral administration is useful to balance the vaginal environment with the intestinal microflora with improvement of long-term results. The use of probiotics was determinant in the treatment of a pathology like bacterial vaginosis and as an alternative to the conventional local antibiotic therapies.