gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: STABILE RADIKALE 5. MITT. REAKTIVITAET EINES STABILEN RADIKALS, 2,2,6,6‐TETRAMETHYL‐4‐OXO‐PIPERIDIN‐1‐OXYL (1971)

Abstract Das Oxyl (I) bildet bei ömonatigem Stehen bei Raumtemperatur das Dipiperidyloxid (III), das durch H‐Elirninierung und nachfolgende Kupplung von (I) mit dem aus (I) erhaltenen C‐Radikal (II) entsteht.
PROPOSAL OF A RADICAL INNOVATION PROJECT SELECTION MODEL BASED ON PROOFS OF VALUE, INNOVATION, AND CONCEPT (2012)

This paper presents a selection model of an innovative idea, concept or project, based on the three proofs of value, innovation and concept which are one of the basis of the Radical Innovation Design® methodology. It is used to evaluate the potential for
Modelling the spatial effects of the anaesthetic-induced phase-transition in the cerebral cortex (2003)

In this thesis I investigate the theoretical stochastic behaviour of a one-dimensional model of the cerebral cortex, exposed to varying concentrations of a general anaesthetic agent. The model is that of Steyn-Ross et al. (2003). Theirs is a continuum theory based on the electrical response of a neural mass known as the macrocolum. The model predicts that as anaethetic concentration is increased the cortex will undergo a sudden electrical phase transition corresponding to loss of consciousness (LOC). Similarly, at return of consciousness (ROC) a second distinct phase transition is predicted. Spatial variability is incorporated into the original homogeneous cortical model of Steyn-Ross et al. (1999). This is done by including the possibility of spatial variation in distant excitatory and inhibitory inputs. By modelling the cortex in this way, we hope to gain an understanding of how the cortex functions, and how anaethestic agents “shut-down” the brain.&#13;\n&#13;\nI simulate the one-dimensional system numerically in order to verify analytical predictions. Both analytical and numerical results show an increase in the coherence (spatial-correlation) of the electrical activity along the one-dimensional rod on approach to both LOC and ROC. Theory and simulations also show that the electrical ﬂuctuations in the unconscious cortex should have a larger correlation length than for the cortex in the conscious state, suggesting that the unconscious state is the more ordered. I derive the theoretical power spectrum and discuss some of its properties.&#13;\n&#13;\nBy expanding the model to include spatial variability, we discover the possibility of self-organized structures forming spontaneously in the one-dimensional cortex. These “Turing” or dissipative structures are stationary in time, showing giant DC voltage variations along the cortical rod. Although the dissipative structures can from a rich variety of pseudo-periodic patterns, the physiological signiﬁcance of such stationary neural structures is not yet clear.
Multi-Electrode Radio Frequency Resurfacing of Ex Vivo Human Skin (1999)

These findings suggest the MES device produces immediate tissue effects favorable for effective cutaneous resurfacing and rapid postoperative wound healing.
Xenopus laevis Oocytes as a Model for Studying the Activation of Intracellular Kinases (1999)

As indicated in the previous chapter, Xenopus laevis oocytes are arrested at the G2/M border of the first meiotic prophase. After progesterone treatment, a complex process of intracellular signals is activated which ends in the maturation of the oocytes, a process reported by the Breakdown of the Germinal Vesicle (GVBD). Among the critical signals turned on, activation of MPF from inactive stores takes place prior to observance of GVBD. This activation is necessary and sufficient to induce maturation. The injection of active MPF induces precocious GVBD (Gotoh et al., 1991) and the microinjection of pl3suc protein that specifically binds to cdc2 protein (the kinase component of MPF complex) inhibits its kinase activity blocking the progesterone-induced maturation (Dunphy and Newport, 1989). There are two peaks of MPF activity, the first coincides approximately with metaphase I and needs synthesis of c-Mos protein for induction of activity (Sagata et al, 1989). The second peak appears in metaphase II and needs the resynthesis of cyclin (the second component of MPF complex) which is destroyed at the end of the first mitosis (Murray and Kirschner, 1989; Murray et al., 1989). Thus, MPF is a complex made of cyclin B and cdc2 proteins, which activation leads to a burst of protein phosphorylation 30–60 min prior to GVBD. This pleiotropic effect leads to activation of important molecules characterized as esential steps in the signal transduction pathways of several inducers of oocyte maturation.
Architecture-Based Programming of Polymeric Micelles to Undergo Sequential Mesophase Transitions (2023)

Di- and triblock amphiphiles can form different mesophases ranging from micelles to hydrogels depending on their chemical structures, hydrophilic to hydrophobic ratios, and their ratio in the mixture. In addition, their different architectures dictate their exchange rate between the assembled and unimer states and consequently affect their responsiveness toward enzymatic degradation. Here we report the utilization of the different reactivities of di- and triblock amphiphiles, having exactly the same hydrophilic to lipophilic balance, toward enzymatic degradation as a tool for programming formulations to undergo sequential enzymatically induced transitions from (i) micelles to (ii) hydrogel and finally to (iii) dissolved polymers. We show that the rate of transition between the mesophases can be programmed by changing the ratio of the amphiphiles in the formulation, and that the hydrogels can maintain encapsulated cargo, which was loaded into the micelles. The reported results demonstrate the ability of molecular architecture to serve as a tool for programming smart formulations to adopt different structures and functions.
Structural aspects of the swelling of β chitin in HC1 and its conversion into α chitin (1997)

International audience
Right Ventricular Function at Cardiac MRI Predicts Cardiovascular Events in Patients with an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (2021)

Background Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) is an independent predictor of death and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with various cardiac conditions. Purpose To investigate whether RVEF, measured with cardiac MRI, is a predictor of appropriate shock or death in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) recipients for primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Materials and Methods This retrospective, multicenter, observational study included patients who underwent cardiac MRI before ICD implantation between January 2007 and May 2017. Right ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and RVEF were measured with cardiac MRI. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality or appropriate ICD shock. The secondary end point was all-cause mortality. The association between RVEF and primary and secondary outcomes was evaluated by using multivariable Cox regression analysis. Potential interactions were tested between primary prevention, ischemic cause, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and RVEF. Results Among 411 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 60 years; 315 men) during a median follow-up of 63 months, 143 (35%) patients experienced an appropriate ICD shock or died. In univariable analysis, lower RVEF was associated with greater risks for appropriate ICD shock or death and for death alone (log-rank trend test, <i>P</i> = .003 and .005 respectively). In multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusting for age at ICD implantation, LVEF, ICD indication (primary vs secondary), ischemic heart disease, and late gadolinium enhancement, RVEF was an independent predictor of the primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21 per 10% lower RVEF; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.41; <i>P</i> = .01) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.25 per 10% lower RVEF; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.55; <i>P</i> = .04). No evidence of significant interactions was found between RVEF and primary or secondary prevention (<i>P</i> = .49), ischemic heart disease (<i>P</i> = .78), and LVEF (<i>P</i> = .29). Conclusion Right ventricular ejection fraction measured with cardiac MRI was a predictor of appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock or death. © RSNA, 2021 See also the editorial by Nazarian and Zghaib in this issue. <i>An earlier incorrect version of this article appeared online. This article was corrected on August 24, 2021.</i>
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Bioactivity Evaluation of Tribactam β Lactamase Inhibitors (VIII). (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Early Induction of Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-10 Production in Draining Lymph Nodes from Mice Infected withBorrelia burgdorferi (2000)

Lymph node (LN) cells from C3H/HeJ mice (Lyme disease susceptible) infected for 1 week with Borrelia burgdorferi strain JD1 produced higher levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) when stimulated in vitro with B. burgdorferi spirochetes than equivalent cells from B. burgdorferi-infected C57BL/6J mice (disease resistant). The interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were comparable in the two strains, whereas the IL-4 levels were below detection limits. B. burgdorferi-stimulated LN cells from C57BL/6J mice produced significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma in the presence of neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibody than cells cultured with B. burgdorferi alone. No effect of IL-10 neutralization on IFN-gamma production by LN cells from C3H/HeJ mice was observed. Neutralizing antibody to IFN-gamma had no effect on the production of IL-10 by LN cells from C57BL/6J mice. A slight decrease in IL-10 production was detected in culture supernatants of equivalent cells from C3H/HeJ mice. The differential effect of IL-10 on IFN-gamma production in C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ mice suggests that IL-10 is probably involved in the regulation of IFN-gamma production by LN cells during infection and may be at the root of the differential susceptibility to Lyme arthritis in these two strains of mice.
Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of double-atom-filled skutterudite compounds CamCenFexCo4−xSb12 (2006)

Single-phase CamCenFexCo4−xSb12 compounds filled by Ca and Ce were synthesized by using melting-quench-diffusion annealing reaction method. The structure and thermoelectric properties of double atoms filled skutterudite compounds were investigated. The results of Rietveld refinement indicate high reliabilities of filling fractions consistent with the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis, CamCenFexCo4−xSb12 compounds possess skutterudite structure, and Sb-icosahedron voids were filled with Ca or Ce. The thermal parameter BCa∕Ce (6.0) of Ca∕Ce is much larger than that of BSb (0.3) and BFe∕Co (0.3) of Sb and Fe∕Co. The specific chemical states of atoms were obtained from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy quantitative analysis, which shows that Sb has five chemical states and the relative content is correlative with the total filling fraction; the filling atoms have three filling positions and tend to fill the center position of the Sb-icosahedron voids, preferentially. With the same filling fraction, carrier concentration and electrical conductivity of p-type CamCenFexCo4−xSb12 are intervenient between that of single atom filled compounds CamFexCo4−xSb12 and CenFexCo4−xSb12, and decreased with increasing Ca and Ce, especially Ce, filling fraction. The Seebeck coefficients are increased with increasing total filling fraction, and the influence of Ce filling fraction to the Seebeck coefficients is more notable than that of Ca, and with the same filling fraction, the lattice thermal conductivity of CamCenFexCo4−xSb12 is smaller than that of CamFexCo4−xSb12 and CenFexCo4−xSb12; furthermore, when the total filling fraction (m+n) is about 0.3 and the respective filling fraction of Ca and Ce is approximately identical, the lattice thermal conductivity reached the minimum value. The greatest ZT value of 1.2 was obtained at 750K for p-type Ca0.18Ce0.12Fe1.45Co2.55Sb12 compound.
Elimination of post-release adhesion in microstructures using thin conformal fluorocarbon films (2002)

The adhesion of polysilicon microstructures to their substrates is eliminated using a thin coating of a hydrophobic fluorocarbon film. The film is grown in a plasma reactor in a field-free zone yielding a relatively conformal film growth. Experiments confirm the presence of the film on the surfaces of 100 /spl mu/m undercuts with contact angles of 110/spl deg/. The film eliminates the adhesion of polysilicon beams up to 230 /spl mu/m-long even after direct immersion in water. Initial accelerated aging tests indicate that the film withstands temperatures up to 400/spl deg/C. Wear test show the film remains effective after 10/sup 8/ contact cycles.
Long-Term Video Interpolation with Bidirectional Predictive Network (2017)

This paper considers the challenging task of long-term video interpolation. Unlike most existing methods that only generate few intermediate frames between existing adjacent ones, we attempt to speculate or imagine the procedure of an episode and further generate multiple frames between two non-consecutive frames in videos. In this paper, we present a novel deep architecture called bidirectional predictive network (BiPN) that predicts intermediate frames from two opposite directions. The bidirectional architecture allows the model to learn scene transformation with time as well as generate longer video sequences. Besides, our model can be extended to predict multiple possible procedures by sampling different noise vectors. A joint loss composed of clues in image and feature spaces and adversarial loss is designed to train our model. We demonstrate the advantages of BiPN on two benchmarks Moving 2D Shapes and UCF101 and report competitive results to recent approaches.
Preliminary Design of Remotely Used and Monitored Medication Dispenser (2006)

Physicians are often considered as the final pathway for nearly all professional decisions about the use of health resources. Yet with respect to drugs, pharmacists are in many cases the final link between the medication and the patient. This approach of medication intake can be hazardous to the patient. Several mechanical as well as automatic medication dispensers incorporating alarm and automatic opening and closing mechanisms have been developed in the past. Current automatic dispensers incorporate features such as alarms, dose missed indicators followed by the access to the next dose, and simultaneous access to medication of different types. We are developing medication dispensing methods suitable for use in remote dispensing for opioid dependent patients. These include remote patient monitoring, facial image processing, and background processing techniques for monitoring and assessing the patient.
C104 TOWARD THE REALIZATION OF THE FINGER-TOP GAS TURBINES (2003)

The ultra micro turbine concept based on MEMS technology was proposed by MIT in 1997,and since then several projects have been initiated and sponsored by DARPA to facilitate development at various universities and research institutions in the US. The present authors, who belong to Gas Turbine Society of Japan, regard such ultra micro gas turbine engine systems as being crucial for mobile and environmentally friendly energy utilization technology in the future for general use anywhere in the world. This paper presents an overview of the background behind the development of ultra micro gas turbines, key technologies and applications, as well as describing our palm top-gas turbine (40mm turbine wheel diameter, 2-3kW, 14.3kg dry weight including generator, 235,000rpm, 180mm outer diameter and 335mm length) and our finger-top gas turbine test model (8mm wheel diameter, tens of W, 1,170,000rpm, 23mm outer diameter and 32mm length). These developments represent the outcome of a NEDO-backed three-year international joint research project involving cooperation among Japanese universities, institutions and private firms, together with ONERA, CIAM and VKI, from FY2001 to FY2003.
Carbonate karst reservoirs of the Tarim Basin, northwest China: Types, features, origins, and implications for hydrocarbon exploration (2014)

Abstract Karst reservoirs are important exploration targets in marine carbonates of hydrocarbon-bearing basins around the world. In the Tarim Basin of northwest China, four types of carbonate karst reservoirs were delineated using data from more than 200 wells, including cores, thin sections, wireline logs, drilling logs, and production data; these were supplemented with seismic and other data. The four types of karst reservoirs described were all formed by meteoric water circulation but not limited in the vadose or phreatic zones, including buried tower karst, interlayer karst, overlying-aquiclude confining karst, and fault-related karst. Buried tower karst occurred in the carbonate successions underneath a regional unconformity (buried tower area), resembling the active karsting in the Guilin Region of South China. Interlayer karst developed during a relatively shorter exposure period compared with buried tower karst but is also situated on a paleouplift. Overlying-aquiclude confining karst is essentially a by-product and on the fringes of buried tower karst, and though it appears to be distributed evenly below a disconformity, it is not related to the disconformity in origin. Fault-related karst occurred in the carbonate succession of a high steep anticline with faults cutting through aquicludes and into the carbonates; dissolution is concentrated along faults and the crest of the anticline. We studied three previously undocumented types of karst and proved that karst reservoirs in the Tarim Basin occur not only in the carbonate succession under a regional unconformity, but also where no significant unconformity is recognized. Similar examples have been found in other basins of China and are expected to occur in other basins worldwide, particularly in areas of complex geologic history.
Synthesis and evaluation of (68)Ga-labeled DOTA-2-deoxy-D-glucosamine as a potential radiotracer in μPET imaging. (2012)

The purposes of this study were to develop an efficient method of labeling D-glucosamine hydrochloride with gallium 68 ((68)Ga) and investigate the imaging properties of the resulting radiotracer in a human tumor xenograft model using micro-positron emission tomography (μPET). The precursor compound 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-2-deoxy-D-glucosamine (DOTA-DG) was synthesized from D-glucosamine hydrochloride and 2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-DOTA. Radiolabeling of DOTA-DG with (68)Ga was achieved in 10 minutes using microwave heating. The labeling efficiency a nd radiochemical purity after purification of (68)Ga-DOTA-DG were ~85% and greater than 98%, respectively. In A431 cells, the percentages of (68)Ga-DOTA-DG and (18)F-FDG uptakes after 60 min incubation were 15.7% and 16.2%, respectively. In vivo, the mean ± standard deviation of (68)Ga-DOTADG uptake values in A431 tumors were 2.38±0.30, 0.75±0.13, and 0.39±0.04 percent of the injected dose per gram of tissue at 10, 30, and 60 minutes after intravenous injection, respectively. μPET imaging of A431-bearing mice clearly delineated tumors at 60 minutes after injection of (68)Ga-DOTA-DG at a dose of 3.7 MBq. (68)Ga-DOTA-DG displayed significantly higher tumor-to-heart, tumor-to-brain, and tumor-to-muscle ratios than (18)F-FDG did. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanism of tumor uptake of this new glucosamine-based PET imaging tracer.
Small hitting-sets for tiny arithmetic circuits or: How to turn bad designs into good (2017)

We show that if we can design poly($s$)-time hitting-sets for $Σ\wedge^aΣΠ^{O(\log s)}$ circuits of size $s$, where $a=ω(1)$ is arbitrarily small and the number of variables, or arity $n$, is $O(\log s)$, then we can derandomize blackbox PIT for general circuits in quasipolynomial time. This also establishes that either E$\not\subseteq$\#P/poly or that VP$\ne$VNP. In fact, we show that one only needs a poly($s$)-time hitting-set against individual-degree $a'=ω(1)$ polynomials that are computable by a size-$s$ arity-$(\log s)$ $ΣΠΣ$ circuit (note: $Π$ fanin may be $s$). Alternatively, we claim that, to understand VP one only needs to find hitting-sets, for depth-$3$, that have a small parameterized complexity. Another tiny family of interest is when we restrict the arity $n=ω(1)$ to be arbitrarily small. We show that if we can design poly($s,μ(n)$)-time hitting-sets for size-$s$ arity-$n$ $ΣΠΣ\wedge$ circuits (resp.~$Σ\wedge^aΣΠ$), where function $μ$ is arbitrary, then we can solve PIT for VP in quasipoly-time, and prove the corresponding lower bounds. Our methods are strong enough to prove a surprising {\em arity reduction} for PIT-- to solve the general problem completely it suffices to find a blackbox PIT with time-complexity $sd2^{O(n)}$. We give several examples of ($\log s$)-variate circuits where a new measure (called cone-size) helps in devising poly-time hitting-sets, but the same question for their $s$-variate versions is open till date: For eg., diagonal depth-$3$ circuits, and in general, models that have a {\em small} partial derivative space. We also introduce a new concept, called cone-closed basis isolation, and provide example models where it occurs, or can be achieved by a small shift.
Synthesis and structures of the 1,3-diphospha-2-metallapentanes [LnM{P(Ph)C6H4PPh}][MLn= ZrCp″2(2), rac-SnR2(3), SnMe2, or BAr; Cp″=η-C5H3(SiMe3)2-1,3, R = CH(SiMe3)2, Ar = C6H2But3-2,4,6]; X-ray structures of complexes (2) and (3) (1989)

Reactions of LnMCl2 with 1,2-C6H4(PPh)2[Li(tmeda)]2 yield the metallacycles [Ln[graphic omitted]Ph}][MLn= ZrCp″2(2), rac-SnR2(3), meso-(4a) and rac-(4b) SnMe2, and BAr (5); tmeda =(Me2NCH2)2, p″=η-C5H3(SiMe3)2-1,3; R = CH(SiMe3)2, Ar = C6H2But3-2,4,6], complex (2)[unlike (3)] having distinct P environments in the crystal, P(1) being planar and P(2) pyramidal and Zr–P(1) < Zr–P(2); in C6D5CD3 solution, the low temperature PMPCC skeletal arrangement in (2) and (5) corresponds to that of crystalline (2), with exchange processes being evident at higher temperatures [also noted for (3)].
Exciton diffusion length in narrow bandgap polymers (2012)

We developed a new method to accurately extract the singlet exciton diffusion length in organic semiconductors by blending them with a low concentration of methanofullerene[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The dependence of photoluminescence (PL) decay time on the fullerene concentration provides information on both exciton diffusion and the nanocomposition of the blend. Experimentally measured PL decays of blends based on two narrow band gap dithiophene–benzothiadiazole polymers, C–PCPDTBT and Si–PCPDTBT, were modeled using a Monte Carlo simulation of 3D exciton diffusion in the blend. The simulation software is available for download. The extracted exciton diffusion length is 10.5 ± 1 nm in both narrow band gap polymers, being considerably longer than the 5.4 ± 0.7 nm that was measured with the same technique in the model compound poly(3-hexylthiophene) as a reference. Our approach is simple, fast and allows us to systematically measure and compare exciton diffusion length in a large number of compounds.