gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
4644 Fuel Structure and Stability of Emulsified Fuel Mixed by Ultrasonic Waves and Characteristics of Burner Combustion (2006)

This study tried to impress supersonic wave in processing emulsified fuel. Supersonic wave has an effect of producing minute cluster of water particles in the fuel and also an effect of restraining separation of oil and water for emulsified fuel. Combustion analysis using diffusion burner shows that emulsified fuel with impression of supersonic wave improves combustion due to atomization of water particles. Analysis of radical intensities in the flame reveals that emulsified fuel impressed by supersonic wave produces a lot of OH radicals in the flame, which may improve chemical reaction and result in low smoke emissions.
Clinical and molecular characterization of 40 patients with classic Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: identification of 18 COL5A1 and 2 COL5A2 novel mutations (2013)

Our findings highlight that the three major criteria for cEDS are useful and sufficient for cEDS clinical diagnosis in the large majority of the patients. The borderline patients for whom these criteria fail can be diagnosed when minor signs of connective tissue diseases and family history are present and when genetic testing reveals a defect in COLLV. Our data also confirm that COL5A1 and COL5A2 are the major, if not the only, genes involved in cEDS.
The BOB.1 / OBF.1 co-activator is essential for octamer-dependent transcription in B cells (2000)

The BOB.1 / OBF.1 / OCA-B protein (henceforth designated as BOB.1 / OBF.1) is a B cell-specific co-activator of the Oct1 and Oct2 transcription factors. It is involved in mediating the transcriptional activity of these proteins. Surprisingly, animals deficient for BOB.1 / OBF.1 showed normal expression of genes that contain an octamer motif in their regulatory regions. Here we have addressed the role of BOB.1 / OBF.1 for octamer-dependent transcription. We show that promoters exclusively dependent on functional octamer motifs are completely inactive in BOB.1 / OBF. 1-deficient B cells. The lack of activity is a direct consequence of lack of the co-activator. To show this, a hormone-regulated conditional allele of BOB.1 / OBF.1 was introduced into the BOB.1 / OBF.1-deficient B cells. This resulted in the hormone-dependent transcriptional activity of octamer-dependent reporters in these cells. The BOB.1 / OBF.1 requirement for octamer promoter function was also observed when an authentic immunoglobulin kappa-promoter was assayed. BOB.1 / OBF.1 dependence could not be overcome by including the strong enhancer element from the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Induction of pre-B cells with lipopolysaccharide led to increased Oct2 levels but did not significantly increase octamer-dependent transcription in BOB.1 / OBF.1-deficient B cells. Thus, these results demonstrate that BOB.1 / OBF.1 itself is a non-redundant protein in B cells and absolutely required for octamer-dependent transcriptional activity.
Quantification of shrinkage of lung lobe from chest CT images using the 3D extended Voronoi division and its application to the benign/malignant discrimination of tumor shadows (2003)

In this paper, we propose a method to quantify the convergence of tissue in lung caused by cancer, using the three-dimensional (3D) extended Voronoi division from chest X-ray CT images. The convergence is the phenomenon that the pulmonary tumors pull tissues such as blood vessels and interstitium toward the pulmonary tumors. Because the malignant tumors (especially adenocarcinoma) often accompanies the convergence, quantification of the convergence is useful for the benign/malignant discrimination. We first calculate the Voronoi diagrams using the vessel regions which were classified according to the radius of vessels. Then a feature was calculated using the volumes of the Voronoi regions in the whole of lung region and those of the neighborhood of tumor region. The significant correlation between the proposed feature and the existence of the convergence is shown experimentally using actual CT images.
Optische Gefügeentwicklung von Al-Legierungen durch aufgedampfte ZnTe-Interferenzschichten / Optical Contrast Enhancement for Al-Alloys by Vacuum Deposited ZnTe Interference Layers (1977)

Article Optische Gefügeentwicklung von Al-Legierungen durch aufgedampfte ZnTe-Interferenzschichten / Optical Contrast Enhancement for Al-Alloys by Vacuum Deposited ZnTe Interference Layers was published on November 1, 1977 in the journal Practical Metallography (volume 14, issue 11).
Structure refinement: some background theory and practical strategies (2008)

Most modern small-molecule refinement programs are based on similar algorithms. Details of these methods are scattered through the literature, sometimes in books that are no longer in print and usually in mathematical detail that makes them unattractive to nonprogrammers. This paper aims to discuss these well established algorithms in nonmathematical language, with the intention of enabling crystallographers to use their favourite programs effectively.
Efficient and Selective Removal of Methoxy Protecting Groups in Carbohydrates (2004)

[reaction: see text] The selective removal from carbohydrate substrates of methoxy protecting groups next to hydroxy groups is reported. On treatment with PhI(OAc)(2)-I(2), the methoxy group is transformed into an easily removable acetal. The mild conditions of this methodology are compatible with many functional groups, and good to excellent yields are usually achieved.
EXPERIMENTS ON AIR-BLAST ATOMIZATION OF VISCOELASTIC LIQUIDS, PART 1: QUIESCENT CONDITIONS (2009)

Motivated by the need to improve spray coating, an experimental investigation into viscoelastic atomization using preformulated model test liquids is presented. These test liquids had similar values of surface tension, density, and rate-independent shear viscosity, but varying extensional viscosity. Through the use of these test liquids, the effects of elasticity were systematically isolated and found to act against the breakup of a spray issuing from a plain-jet air-blast atomizer. Flash photography revealed large-scale filamentary structures at breakup, which delayed discrete droplet formation until farther downstream, where relative air-liquid velocities were reduced. The lower relative velocities near breakup produced an increase in the volumetric median diameter, as was confirmed by analysis of high-magnification shadowgraphs. The hindering influence of elasticity on atomization was further substantiated through particle image velocimetry measurements, which indicated that the elastic droplets, owing to their greater inertia, were better able to maintain their initial momentum.
Phase and Polarization Modulations Using Radiation‐Type Metasurfaces (2021)

Abstract Metasurfaces exhibit promising capacities in the manipulation of electromagnetic (EM) waves, as to diverse dimensions like amplitude, phase, and polarization; even multiple dimensions can be synchronously modulated. Despite the rapid progress in enriching regulatory capabilities of EM waves, primary feeds are integral items however bringing profile elevation, energy obstruction, and leakage, both for reflection‐type and transmission‐type metasurfaces. Aiming at maintaining high operating efficiency and in meantime implementing multiple dimensional manipulations of EM waves, the authors present a concise design of radiation‐type metasurfaces, whose distinctive feature stands that each meta‐atom serves not only as geometry phase provider, but as radiator itself so as to spare primary feeds. To further achieve full phase modulation for arbitrary linear polarized radiations and abate innate conjugacy to orthogonal circular polarized radiations, the propagation phase is introduced irrelevant to geometry ones. Based on the radiation‐type metasurface with 0.07‐wavelength low profile, the authors verify experimentally advanced radiation functions for different polarizations like orbital angular momentum beams, asymmetric beams, and time‐reversed focusing. Compared with traditional planar arrays that rely on feeding networks to realize phase modulation, this design provides the possibility to achieve direct phase and polarization modulation at the element level, thus is with less complexity.
The Michael Reaction in Non-alkaline Media. II. The Kinetics of the Reaction of Barbituric Acid with β-Nitrostyrene1 (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Michael Reaction in Non-alkaline Media. II. The Kinetics of the Reaction of Barbituric Acid with β-Nitrostyrene1Mortimer J. Kamlet and Donald J. GloverCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 18, 4556–4562Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01599a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01599a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BioNumbers: The Database of Useful Biological Numbers (2018)

A database of biological numbers that you can search and browse.
CaMeL: Learning Method Preconditions for HTN Planning (2006)

A great challenge in using any planning system to solve real-world problems is the difficulty of acquiring the domain knowledge that the system will need. We present away to address part of this problem, in the context of Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) planning, by having the planning system incrementally learn conditions for HTN methods under expert supervision. We present a general formal framework for learning HTN methods, and a supervised learning algorithm, named CaMeL, based on this formalism. We present theoretical results about CaMeL's soundness, completeness, and convergence properties. We also report experimental results about its speed of convergence under different conditions. The experimental results suggest that CaMeL has the potential to be useful in real-world applications.
Chapitre 9. L’origine et l’évolution du langage (2021)

How can we explain the appearance, the evolution and the diversity of languages in human societies? To address these questions Luc Steels supports the hypothesis of an analogy between the mechanisms of language evolution and those of biological evolution: namely processes of replication / transmission, mutation and selection, to which are added prioritization processes at different levels of organization. After showing examples of the intervention of such processes in languages, Luc Steels explains the methods emerging from Artificial Intelligence and robotics which allow him to test his hypothesis through various experiments. In these experiments he first shows how Artificial Intelligences, interacting with one other, brings out a common vocabulary, and a common meaning given to each word of this vocabulary. And beyond that, still through such interactions, he shows how can emerge and why, there can also be emergence of elementary grammatical structures such as number or gender agreements or even more complex structures such as sentence nests. To conclude, he reasserts the idea that languages are permanently changing cultural systems, under the effect of dynamics of a nature similar to those at work in the evolution of species, while acknowledging that this idea is far from winning unanimous support.
Tuning robotic part feeder parameters to maximize throughput (1999)

Abstract We study a programmable robotic part feeder that relies on a sequence of three conveyor belts to singulate and re‐circulate parts. In industrial practice, belt speeds are set in an ad hoc fashion. Experience with real feeders reveals that throughput can suffer owing to: starvation where no parts are visible to the camera; and saturation, where too many parts are visible, which prevents identifying part pose or grasping due to obstruction by nearby parts. This motivates our search for a systematic approach to setting belt speeds. Our goal is to optimize throughput, measured in terms of how many parts per second are delivered from the robotic feeder. We describe a 1D model of the belts with a Poisson arrival process to stochastically model how belt speeds affect throughput. Initially, we study the finite case where N parts are placed into the feeder and re‐circulated until they are all delivered by the robot. Our first insight is that the vision belt should be run at maximum achievable velocity. We run simulations to empirically determine optimal buffer belt velocity as a function of lot size. Finally, we develop a theoretical model for the case where N = ∞ which approximates common usage where the buffer is replenished before it becomes empty. From this model, we derive the optimal buffer belt velocity and show that it produces throughput five times greater than that achieved with ad hoc settings.
Detection of large-scale organized motions in a turbulent boundary layer (1987)

This paper presents and discusses experimental data from an investigation of organized motions in a supersonic turbulent boundary layer. Conditional sampling of crossed-wire and multiple normal-wire signals is performed. A comparison is made between events detected using the VITA conditional sampling technique and those found by thresholding the UV signal. Based on this comparison, limitations of the VITA technique are discussed. The conditional sampling results indicate that most organized motions are consistent with hairpin vortices.
Tenecteplase Improves Reperfusion across Time in Large Vessel Stroke (2022)

Tenecteplase, compared to alteplase, increases prethrombectomy reperfusion, regardless of the time from administration to reperfusion assessment. Prethrombectomy reperfusion is associated with better clinical outcomes. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:489-499.
Shaping Long-lived Electron Wavepackets to Create Customizable Optical Spectra (2018)

We introduce new shape-invariant electron wavepackets constructed via superpositions of states in the ionization continuum, enabling customizable optical emission spectra in the eV-keV range. Their shape-invariance is prolonged indefinitely in exchange for larger spatial spreads.
Real-Time NMR Characterization of Structure and Dynamics in a Transiently Populated Protein Folding Intermediate (2012)

Recent advances in NMR spectroscopy and the availability of high magnetic field strengths now offer the possibility to record real-time 3D NMR spectra of short-lived protein states, e.g., states that become transiently populated during protein folding. Here we present a strategy for obtaining sequential NMR assignments as well as atom-resolved information on structural and dynamic features within a folding intermediate of the amyloidogenic protein β2-microglobulin that has a half-lifetime of only 20 min.
A Study of Thyrocalcitonin Secretion by Direct Measurement ofin VivoSecretion Rates in Pigs1 (1968)

Surgically isolated pig thyroid glands, without parathyroid tissue, were perfused in situ with blood, the calcium concentration of which could be varied. Complete, measured collections of thyroid venous blood were achieved, and the thyrocalcitonin (TC) content of each sample was determined by intravenous bioassay in young rats. The time course of changes in perfusing calcium concentration was closely paralleled by similar changes in TC secretion rate. There was a linear relationship between these 2 parameters over the range 6–10 mEq Ca/liter. The sensitivity of the assay was such that TC secretion could not be detected with certainty at calcium concentrations below 6 mEq/l, although indirect evidence from other experiments indicated that it does occur. The TC secretion rate was usually small relative to the total TC content of the thyroid gland. (Endocrinology83: 161, 1968)
ESR1 Promoter Hypermethylation Does Not Predict Atypia in RPFNA nor Persistent Atypia after 12 Months Tamoxifen Chemoprevention (2008)

Results from this single institution pilot study provide evidence that, unlike for invasive breast cancer, ESR1 promoter hypermethylation and/or low ER expression is not a reliable marker of tamoxifen-resistant atypia.
A Steel Ball Impact Damage Behavior of RS-SiC Ceramic Materials (2010)

본 연구에서는 반응소결 탄화규소(RS-SiC)의 제조공정 중에서 C/SiC 복합 비율(0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 1.0)이 외부입자충격 손상 거동에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 충격시험은 공기총(air-gun)을 사용하였으며, 직경 2 ㎜ 강구를 113 ㎧, 122 ㎧, 180 ㎧의 충격속도로 RS-SiC 판재(20x20x3 ㎜)에 충격시켜 발생된 링크랙의 직경 변화 및 콘크랙의 발생 거동을 SEM 영상으로 평가하였다. 결과적으로 RS-SiC에 발생한 링크랙의 최대직경이 충격속도가 증가함에 따라 대체로 증가하였지만, C/SiC 복합 비율에 따라서는 급격한 변화를 보였다. 이는 C/SiC 복합 비율에 따라 잔류 Si 함량 및 굽힘강도 변화의 영향으로 볼 수 있다. 특히 C/SiC 복합 비율이 0.4~0.5 범위에서 콘크랙이 발생됨에 따라 링크랙에서 콘크랙의 발생으로 변화되는 충격손상 메커니즘의 임계 영역으로 판단할 수 있다. 아울러 콘크랙의 발생 임계영역을 고려할 때, RS-SiC 최적 제조 공정으로서 C/SiC 혼합 비율을 최대 0.3으로 하는 것이 효과적이다.
Development of New Horizontal High-Current HCD Apparatus and Properties of Continuously Coated TiN Film. (1995)

The new horizontal high-current HCD apparatus can accomplish very stable and continuous TiN coating over a long period of 40 h at a high ionization rate of 75% and a high evaporation rate of 5 μm/min. The characteristics of this apparatus are (1) the use of a horizontal and high-current HCD electron beam which was bent 90° on the crucible, (2) adoption of a coupled structure in the Ta cathode and focusing coil, (3) setting up of the focusing coils around the crucible, in the path of evaporant, and behind the substrate, and (4) protection of the focusing coil by a jacket around its periphery.By installing this horizontal HCD gun in a continuous air-to-air ion plating apparatus (pilot line), it became possible to perform very stable and continuous TiN coating of the stainless steel coil for a period of 40 h.The properties of the TiN films coated using the pilot line are comparable to those of films coated using the batch-type HCD apparatus.
HLS-based optimization and design space exploration for applications with variable loop bounds (2018)

In order to further increase the productivity of field-programmable gate array (FPGA) programmers, several design space exploration (DSE) frameworks for high-level synthesis (HLS) tools have been recently proposed to automatically determine the FPGA design parameters. However, one of the common limitations found in these tools is that they cannot find a design point with large speedup for applications with variable loop bounds. The reason is that loops with variable loop bounds cannot be efficiently parallelized or pipelined with simple insertion of HLS directives. Also, making highly accurate prediction of cycles and resource consumption on the entire design space becomes a challenging task because of the inaccuracy of the HLS tool cycle prediction and the wide design space. In this paper we present an HLS-based FPGA optimization and DSE framework that produces a high-performance design even in the presence of variable loop bounds. We propose code transformations that increase the utilization of the compute resources for variable loops, including several computation patterns with loop-carried dependency such as floating-point reduction and prefix sum. In order to rapidly perform DSE with high accuracy, we describe a resource and cycle estimation model constructed from the information obtained from the actual HLS synthesis. Experiments on applications with variable loop bounds in Polybench benchmarks with Vivado HLS show that our framework improves the baseline implementation by 75X on average and outperforms current state-of-the-art DSE frameworks.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 3‐Alkyl β‐Lactams via the Ketene ‐ Imine Cycloaddition Reaction Using α‐(Phenylthio)alkanoyl Halides as Starting Materials: Application to the Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Carbapenem Building Blocks and Related Compounds. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Duplication of Viewing Law and Television Media Schedule Evaluation (1979)

Patterns of television audience duplication (overlap of audiences between media vehicles) in the United States are found to be more complex than those in the United Kingdom. A new model of duplication is developed and shown to be better than previous estimates of the Viewing Law in describing television audience duplication in the U.S.
Strategy generation and skill acquisition for automated robotic assembly task (2002)

A practical method for generating task strategies applicable to chamferless and high-precision assembly is treated. The difficulties in devising reliable assembly strategies result from various forms of uncertainty, such as an imperfect knowledge of the parts being assembled and limitations of the devices performing the assembly. This problem is approached by having the robot learn the appropriate control response to measured force signals, that is, the mapping relation between sensing data and corrective motion of the robot, through iterative task execution. The strategy is acquired by using a learning algorithm and is represented by a binary tree type database. Experimental results show that an ideal mapping is acquired effectively by using the proposed method and that the assembly task is carried out smoothly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
THE ‘HALF‐LIFE’ OF PERIODICAL LITERATURE: APPARENT AND REAL OBSOLESCENCE (1970)

The expression ‘half‐life’, borrowed from physics, has appeared quite frequently in the literature on documentation since 1960, when an article by Burton and Kebler on The ‘half‐life’ of some scientific and technical literatures was published, although it had certainly been used previously. Burton and Kebler point out that literature becomes obsolescent rather than disintegrating (as in its original meaning), so that ‘half‐life’ means ‘half the active life’, and this is commonly understood as meaning the time during which one‐half of the currently active literature was published. Numerous studies have been carried out, mainly by the analysis of citations, to establish obsolescence rates of the literature of different subjects. Bourne points out that different studies have given widely different results, so that many of the ‘half‐life’ figures reported are not valid beyond the particular sample of literature or users surveyed; certainly they cannot be used as accurate measures for discriminating between different subject‐fields.