gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning based Eye gaze estimation and prediction (2021)

Eye gaze understanding plays a crucial role in human social interactions. The gaze has emerged as a powerful tool for many applications including health assessment, disease diagnosis, human behavior, communication analysis. Eye gaze estimation and prediction has become a very hot topic in the field of computer vision during the last decades, with a surprising and continuously growing number of application fields. In the last decade deep neural networks have revolutionized the whole machine learning area, and gaze tracking. Appearance-based models use deep convolutional networks (CNNs) to directly estimate the direction of gaze in the camera's frame of reference. This paper focuses on analyzing and investigating different CNN architectures for gaze estimation and prediction. Two tasks have been developed in this work: the gaze estimation and the gaze prediction based on previously estimated gaze-points. In the first task, several CNNs were used for finding the most accurate gaze estimation. In the second task, we predict gaze locations basing on the previously estimated gaze vectors while leveraging spatio-temporal information encoded in a previously recorded eye-images sequences. We used a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Transformers based on self-attention approach and use of positional encoding, in order to predict next gaze locations. Different architectures has been trained on the OPENEDS2020 public dataset which has been revisited in order to improve overall performance. We, also, propose a novel architecture composed by ResNext50 and two fully connected layer. We demonstrate that proposed architectures obtain results that in terms of angular error outperforms the state of art.
<title>Algorithms And Architectures For Global Shape Analysis In Time-Varying Imagery</title> (1983)

The use Fourier descriptors and two-dimensional moments for rapid recognition of shapes is discussed. Both algorithms and architectures for these methods are considered. Some example recognition experiments are shown including aircraft identification and industrial parts inspection.
PREOP: development of an evidence-based expert system to assist with preoperative assessments. (1991)

PREOP is a prototype expert system that is designed to provide physicians with evidence-based recommendations concerning the assessment and care of patients with comorbid medical problems who are about to undergo surgery. The knowledgebase for this system is currently undergoing transition from the conventional advice of medical experts, which is variably related to evidence published in the medical literature, to a more formal approach in which the best available evidence is used for each recommendation and the quality of the evidence made apparent to the user. This work seeks to address important questions concerning improvement of the information contained in expert knowledgebases, namely, how to find and recognize new evidence when it is published, how to assess the quality of evidence in a uniform and efficient fashion, how to replace evidence in the knowledgebase efficiently when it has been superseded by higher quality evidence, and how to represent evidence in a manner that is most valuable for the user.
Analysis of 1/f fluctuations of walking listening to Mozart's music (2010)

This study analyzes the walking improvement of young students, who have not suffered any orthopedic problems, while walking listening to sounds, based on 1/f (f=frequency) fluctuation of center body gravity (COG) using Auto Regressive (AR) modeling, provides clear results for the evaluation of improvement to walking stability. While walking listening to Mozart's music, the power spectra of COG fluctuation was close to 1/f fluctuation, and their curves in high frequency ranges were smooth in comparison to that of non-while listening to music. In the case of listening to rock music, the power spectra of COG fluctuation while walking was out of proportion of 1/f fluctuation in high frequency ranges in comparison to that of students who listened to Mozart's music and those which didn't. Mozart music indicates walking improvement whether students like it or not. This study provides a useful method to improve physical fitness and a means for subjects to maintain a state of well-being.
Analytical optimization of the torque of a permanent-magnet coaxial synchronous coupling (1998)

This paper recalls the analytical formula of the tangential force between two permanent magnets and shows that this force does not vary linearly with the magnet depth. This formula is then applied to calculate the torque transmitted by a permanent magnet coaxial synchronous coupling. Such an analytical approach allows the analysis of the influence of various parameters characteristic of this coupling such as the number of pairs of poles, its mechanical airgap, the magnet-width and magnet-length, the mean radius of the airgap, and the angular shifting between the two rotors. These analytical expressions make an efficient optimization of the coupling structure in compliance with practical or economical constraints possible.
Nitric Oxide Regulation of Mitochondrial Processes: Commonality in Medical Disorders (2015)

The vital status of diverse classes of eukaryotic mitochondria is reflected by the high degree of evolutionary modification functionally linked to ongoing multifaceted organelle development. From this teleological perspective, a logistical enhancement of eukaryotic cellular energy requirements indicates a convergence of metabolic processes within the mitochondrial matrix for optimal synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate and necessitates an evolutionarily driven retrofit of the primordial endosymbiont bacterial plasma membrane into the inner mitochondrial membrane. The biochemical complexity of eukaryotic inner membrane electron transport complexes linked to temporally-defined, state-dependent, fluctuations in mitochondrial oxygen utilization is capable of generating deleterious reactive oxygen species. Within this functional context, an extensive neurochemical literature supports the role of the free radical gas nitric oxide (NO) as a key signaling molecule involved in the regulation of multiple aspects of mitochondrial respiration/oxidative phosphorylation. Importantly, the unique chemical properties of NO underlie its rapid metabolism in vivo within a mechanistic spectrum of small oxidative molecules, free and protein-bound thiol adducts, and reversible binding to ferrous heme iron centers. Recent compelling work has identified a medically relevant dual regulation pathway for mitochondrial NO expression mediated by traditionally characterized NO synthases (NOS) and by enzymatic reduction of available cellular nitrite pools by a diverse class of cytosolic and mitochondrial nitrite reductases. Accordingly, our short review presents selected medically-based discussion topics relating to multi-faceted NO regulation of mitochondrial functions in human health and disease states.
Electro-Optic Computing Architectures. Volume I (1998)

Abstract : The objective of the Electro-Optic Computing Architecture (EOCA) program was to develop multi-function electro-optic interfaces and optical interconnect units to enhance the performance of parallel processor systems and form the building blocks for future electro-optic computing architectures. Specifically, three multi-function interface modules were targeted for development - an Electro-Optic Interface (EOI), an Optical Interconnection Unit (OW), and a Space-Time Compander (STC). Electro-optic 3-D interconnection module stacks were assembled, allowing for system global communication and fast efficient data routing and sorting. The achieved goal of the system study, to identify and analyze all the architectural implications due to the addition of optical based free-space interconnects in locally connected processor arrays, is leading to new highly optimized 3-D electro-optic computer processing networks.
Extraction of electrical parameters of floating gate devices for circuit analysis, simulation, and design (2003)

We propose a structured methodology to extract the electrical parameters of floating gate devices. The characterization of a FG structure requires only two parameters in addition to the conventional MOSFET parameters. This additional set of parameters represents the charge on the FG and the total capacitive coupling of the FG with the control gate. We have characterized the FG device through a comparison of its characteristics with those of a reference transistor. Then we used analytical and simulation MOSFET models in conjunction with the extracted parameters to show the validity of our approach. Our methodology can be applied for the characterization of both flash memories and multiple-input FG devices. Both analytical and simulation models are shown to be in good agreement with experimental results in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Contribution of imidazoline receptors and α2-adrenoceptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla to sympathetic baroreflex inhibition by systemic rilmenidine (2006)

The results of the present study show that the hypotensive and sympatho-inhibitory actions of systemic rilmenidine are primarily mediated via imidazoline receptors in the RVLM. However, alpha2-adrenoceptors are also involved, probably as a direct result of the imidazoline receptor action.
Effects of Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling on a K20 GPU (2013)

Improving energy efficiency is an ongoing challenge in HPC because of the ever-increasing need for performance coupled with power and economic constraints. Though GPU-accelerated heterogeneous computing systems are capable of delivering impressive performance, it is necessary to explore all available power-aware technologies to meet the inevitable energy efficiency challenge. In this paper, we experimentally study the impacts of DVFS on application performance and energy efficiency for GPU computing and compare them with those of DVFS for CPU computing. Based on a power-aware heterogeneous system that includes dual Intel Sandy Bridge CPUs and the latest Nvidia K20c Kepler GPU, the study provides numerous new insights, general trends and exceptions of DVFS for GPU computing. In general, the effects of DVFS on a GPU differ from those of DVFS on a CPU. For example, on a GPU running compute-bound high-performance and high-throughput workloads, the system performance and the power consumption are approximately proportional to the GPU frequency. Hence, with a permissible power limit, increasing the GPU frequency leads to better performance without incurring a noticeable increase in energy. This paper further provides detailed analytical explanations of the causes of the observed trends and exceptions. The findings presented in this paper have the potential to impact future CPU and GPU architectures to achieve better energy efficiency and point out directions for designing effective DVFS schedulers for heterogeneous systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐(3,5‐Dialkyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)pyridines. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Measurement SCE-like light transmission (2018)

Excel table showing the results of the measurement of the SCE-like light transmission<br>
Specific features of the kinetics of H2-O2-O2(a 1Δ g ) mixtures: I. formation and quenching of electronically and vibrationally excited (A′) molecules in H2-O2-O2(A 1Δ g ) mixtures at a temperature of 300 K (2014)

Available data on the kinetic processes in H2-O2-O2(a 1Δ g ) mixtures are analyzed theoretically, and the ranges in which the rate constants of these processes can vary are determined. The processes of energy transformation in an O2(a 1Δ g )-H2-H-HO2 system in the approximations of the fast and slow (in comparison with the vibrational relaxation time of the HO2 radical) quenching of the electronically excited state are considered. The experiments on the quenching of singlet delta oxygen (SDO) molecules O2(a 1Δ g ) excited in a microwave discharge at a temperature of 300 K and pressure of 6 Torr in a lean hydrogen-oxygen mixture are simulated (by a lean fuel mixture is meant a mixture in which the ratio of the fuel to the oxidizer mass fraction is less than the stoichiometric ratio, which is 2: 1 for a hydrogen-oxygen mixture). It is shown that, over the experimental observation times, the SDO quenching frequency depends on the concentration of molecular hydrogen, the residual odd oxygen fraction in the gas flow, and the ratio between the rate constants of kinetic processes involving HO2 and HO2* radicals. Simulations of the microwave discharge and the transport of excited oxygen along the drift tube make it possible to determine the residual odd oxygen concentration in the gas flow. Recommendations on the choice of the rate constants for the O2(a 1Δ g ) + HO2)A″, v3″ = 0) ↔ O2 + HO2*(A′, v3′ = 1), HO2*(A′v3′ ≤ 1) + O2(a 1Δ g ) → HO2*(A′,v3′ ≥ 6) + O2, and HO2*(A′,v3′ ≤ 1) + O2(a 1Δ g ) → H + O2 + O2 processes are given. It is shown that, in the case of slow quenching in a H2-O2-O2(a 1Δ g ) mixture at a low temperature, the intensity of hydrogen oxidation is enhanced due to the reaction + HO2*(A′,v3′ ≤ 1) + O2(1Δ) → H + O2 + O2.
Trends in hypertension control and left ventricular hypertrophy over three years. (2002)

This study demonstrates that in hypertensive patients managed in a hypertension hospital clinic, BP control improved during the long-term follow-up and that this trend was associated with a significant regression in ECG LVH.
Application of proton boron fusion to proton therapy: Experimental verification to detect the alpha particles (2019)

Feasibility of proton boron fusion (PBF) reaction to radiotherapy has previously been studied using Monte Carlo simulation. Alpha particles are emitted from the fusion reaction between the proton and 11B close to the end of the Bragg peak. The generated alpha particles can theoretically induce critical damage to tumor cells due to their high linear energy transfer. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of experimental verification to detect the alpha particles and to apply in proton therapy due to the difficulty to observe the generated alpha particles with a very short range in medium. An experimental observation of the generation of alpha particles is indeed necessary for PBF to be applied to proton therapy. We have performed an experimental study using a medical proton accelerator and fine-grained nuclear emulsion films to detect tracks of alpha particles produced. These films, attached to the rear side of the natural boron containing plate located close to the end of the Bragg peak, were individually irradiated by 2 × 108 cm−2 density proton beams at an energy of 79.7 MeV. Some clear tracks of alpha particles, produced by the PBF reaction and clearly separated with those from n + 10B reaction, were observed with the use of a 3D microscope after the films were developed. Each track was analyzed, and alpha particle tracks were verified. A detailed experimental method will be presented using microscopy analysis. In conclusion, the experimental results showed that the observation of alpha particles resulted from PBF and the application feasibility of the PBF reaction to the proton therapy.
Melting and Casting Zirconium Metal (1949)

This report deals with the methods for melting and casting zirconium. Reference is made to the manner of heating, furnace design, crucible materials, and methods of casting. For the experiments, a high‐frequency furnace, an arc furnace, and a split‐tube graphite‐resistor furnace were used. Preference is given the latter for vacuum fusion, while the high‐frequency and the arc furnaces are well adapted for melting in a noble gas atmosphere. The crucible materials are discussed, and the melting in graphite and the casting of ingots are described.
Differences in intracellular distribution of plasminogen activator in growing, confluent, and transformed 3T3 cells. (1979)

The intracellular distribution of plasminogen activator in growing, confluent, and transformed 3T3 cells was investigated by using sucrose density gradient centrifugation. In confluent cells, which do not release plasminogen activator extracellularly, most of the activity was found in a heavy membrane fraction. In growing and transformed 3T3 cells, which do release plasminogen activator extracellularly in large amounts, most of the activity was found in lighter, plasma membrane-enriched fractions. A correlation between its presence in the light membrane fractions and the ability of the cells to release the plasminogen activator extracellularly is made.
Active aneurysmal bone cysts in children: Possible evolution after biopsy (2012)

The emergence of these new cases of spontaneous healing encourages promoting clinical and radiological supervision after biopsy in selected cases. Unfortunately, it is impossible to predict a possible aggressive behaviour in ABCs. Then, if the lesion is quickly aggressive with clinically and radiologically increasing size after biopsy, it would be illogical and dangerous to let this ABC evolve. It would be necessary to treat it without delay. On the other hand, if the lesion moderately increased after the biopsy, it is possible to wait and observe the patient during a period of 5 months for a possible healing, if the ABC localisation is not dangerous. Of course, if the lesion does not increase in size after biopsy, there is no delay to treat it.
Using BLAST to Teach “E-value-tionary” Concepts (2011)

BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool; [1],[2]) is the key bioinformatic tool for sequence comparison and retrieval from databases. BLAST is often the first step in using sequence-based information to design experiments and contextualize experimental results. Its speed and ease of use help account for this, with experiments requiring simply submitting a sequence of interest (the query sequence) and waiting a few seconds. At the same time, by rendering thinking unnecessary, BLAST is often used suboptimally, with many experienced researchers simply using the default parameters because they do not know how to manipulate them or accepting results with little understanding of their full meaning (or lack thereof).

Recognition of the importance of BLAST to modern life sciences has led to its use in many biology courses, even at the high school level, to introduce students to bioinformatics applications in the life sciences. Concepts of molecular evolution (e.g., gene duplication and divergence; orthologs versus paralogs) are quite abstract and are best communicated with examples (Box 1). It is possible to use case studies from the literature, but the abundance of sequence data present in public databases raises the far more attractive possibility of using searches tailored to a particular course, or, better yet, allowing the students to choose their own examples.


Box 1. Concepts at a Glance
Leads into biological sciences

Molecular evolution (e.g., homologs, paralogs, orthologs)


Gene alignment


Domain structure of proteins


Biochemical nature of amino acids: “frequent” and “infrequent” substitutions


Conserved versus divergent regions of genes




Leads into math

Amino acid identity matrices


Quantification of sequence identity and similarity




Leads into information technology

Database queries and their tradeoffs (speed versus completeness)


Large dataset management






Less obviously, another benefit of teaching students how the BLAST algorithm works is that it provides an opportunity to illustrate how mathematics functions as a language of biology. For example, given that BLAST has been designed to retrieve homologs, there are several steps in the BLAST program that incorporate molecular evolution concepts to maximize the possibility of finding sequences with a shared evolutionary history. More basically, understanding the steps in the calculation of an E-value provides an opportunity to show the relationship between how the algorithm works and fundamental principles of biochemistry and evolution. Here, we provide an approach to teaching the basics of BLAST to students in order to emphasize how the algorithm translates fundamental biological principles into numerical terms culminating in an E value. Acquiring a feel for the algorithm and exploring genomic sequence data has the potential to inform a student's grasp of biomedical, biochemical, and biogeochemical concepts, presenting an excellent opportunity for multidisciplinary integration.
Protection Against Mobile Tracing Through Motion-MIX for Mobile Wireless Nodes (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Mobile wireless networks, such as mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), are vulnerable to passive attacks that threaten the privacy of communications. Moreover, threats can now be launched from mobile platforms and with new techniques for eavesdropping, locating, and fingerprinting wireless transmissions. Recently, many wireless anonymous schemes have been studied, and mobility often plays an important role with regard to the effectiveness of wireless anonymity. In this paper, we focus on the impact of node motion behaviors. We first illustrate the emerging anonymity threat of <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">venue privacy attacks</emphasis> (VPAs) to trace mobile wireless nodes. We then propose “motion-MIX” as the countermeasure to defend against the threat. Motion-MIX calls for protection at all the layers of the protocol stack. We further use a new asymptotic security model to verify motion-MIX's effectiveness against VPAs. In a scalable ad hoc network, we prove that the probability of security breach is negligible with respect to the number of network nodes. </para>
Recombinant human sickle hemoglobin expressed in yeast. (1993)

Sickle hemoglobin has been expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae after site-directed mutagenesis of a plasmid containing normal human alpha- and beta-globin genes. Cassette mutagenesis of this plasmid was achieved by inserting a DNA fragment containing the beta-globin gene in the replicative form of M13mp18 to make a point mutation and then reconstituting the original plasmid containing the mutated beta-globin gene. Pure recombinant hemoglobin S was shown to be identical to natural sickle hemoglobin in its ultraviolet and visible absorption bands and by gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, amino acid analysis, mass spectrometry, partial N-terminal sequencing, and functional properties (P50, cooperativity, and response to 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate). In yeast and in mammalian cells, cotranslational processing yields the same N-terminal valine residues of hemoglobin alpha- and beta-chains, but in bacterial expression systems the N terminus is extended by an additional amino acid because the initiator methionine residue is retained. Since the N-terminal valine residues of both chains of hemoglobin S participate in important physiological functions, such as oxygen affinity, interaction with anions, and the Bohr coefficient, the yeast expression system is preferable to the bacterial system for recombinant DNA studies. Hence, mutagenesis employing this expression system should permit definitive assignments of the role of any amino acid side chain in hemoglobin S aggregation and could suggest additional approaches to therapeutic intervention. The engineering of this system for the synthesis of sickle hemoglobin and its purification to homogeneity in a single column procedure are described.