gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity of pose estimation algorithm for measurement of knee range of motion after total knee arthroplasty (2023)

We aimed to assess the reliability and validity of OpenPose, a posture estimation algorithm, for measurement of knee range of motion after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), in comparison to radiography and goniometry. In this prospective observational study, we analyzed 35 primary TKAs (24 patients) for knee osteoarthritis. We measured the knee angles in flexion and extension using OpenPose, radiography, and goniometry. We assessed the test-retest reliability of each method using intraclass correlation coefficient (1,1). We evaluated the ability to estimate other measurement values from the OpenPose value using linear regression analysis. We used intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1) and Bland-Altman analyses to evaluate the agreement and error between radiography and the other measurements. OpenPose had excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (1,1) = 1.000). The R<sup>2</sup> of all regression models indicated large correlations (0.747 to 0.927). In the flexion position, the intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1) of OpenPose indicated excellent agreement (0.953) with radiography. In the extension position, the intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1) indicated good agreement of OpenPose and radiography (0.815) and moderate agreement of goniometry with radiography (0.593). OpenPose had no systematic error in the flexion position, and a 2.3° fixed error in the extension position, compared to radiography. OpenPose is a reliable and valid tool for measuring flexion and extension positions after TKA. It has better accuracy than goniometry, especially in the extension position. Accurate measurement values can be obtained with low error, high reproducibility, and no contact, independent of the examiner's skills.
Lower-Extremity Motor Synergies in Individuals With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability (2020)

Current theoretical models suggest that ankle sprain copers exhibit movement adaptations contributing to the avoidance of chronic ankle instability. However, few studies have examined adaptations at the level of biomechanical motor synergies. The purpose was to examine characteristics of the support moment synergy between individuals with chronic ankle instability, copers, and healthy individuals. A total of 48 individuals participated in the study. Lower-extremity kinetics and variability in the moment of force patterns were assessed during the stance phase of walking trials. The copers exhibited reductions in the support moment during the load response and preswing phase compared with the chronic ankle instability group, as well as during the terminal stance and preswing phase compared the healthy group. The copers also exhibited reductions in the hip extensor moment and ankle plantarflexion moment compared with healthy and chronic ankle instability groups during intervals of stance phase. Variability of the support moment and knee moment was greater in the copers compared with the chronic ankle instability group. Dampening of the support moment and select joint moments exhibited by the copers may indicate an adaptive mechanism to mitigate loading perturbations on the previously injured ankle. Heightened motor variability in copers may be indicative of a more adaptable motor synergy compared with individuals with chronic ankle instability.
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy with Near Ultraviolet Excitation of Peroxidase Intermediates in High Oxidation States (1992)

The oxidative function of peroxidases has long been of interest to chemists and biochemists because of the unstable and highly oxidized states that are reversibly assumed by the heme active site during the catalytic cycle. Features of the various peroxidase mechanisms have been postulated to occur in the catalytic cycles of other important heme enzymes such as cytochrome oxidase and cytochrome P-450. Peroxidases are widespread in plants but are also found in numerous animal tissues. An extensively studied peroxidase which is isolated from horseradish root is the main topic of this paper. The catalytic sequence of horseradish peroxidase involves two oxidative intermediates known as compounds I and II (Dunford, 1982), (Dawson, 1988). Compound I, two oxidation equivalents above the resting enzyme, contains a ferryl heme with an additional electron removed from the porphyrin ring, forming a porphyrin π-cation radical (Dolphin and Felton, 1974), (McMurry and Groves, 1986). Compound II, which contains an oxo-ferryl heme, results from the reduction of compound I which restores an electron to the porphyrin ring (Hewson and Hager, 1979).
SOFIA: An innovative setup to measure complete isotopic yield of fission fragments (2013)

We performed an experiment dedicated to the accurate isotopic yield measurement of fission fragments over the whole range. SOFIA exploits the inverse kinematics technique: using heavy ion beams at relativistic energies, fission is induced by Coulomb excitation in a high-Z target. The fragments are emitted forward and both of them are identified in charge and mass. The setup will be presented, as well as preliminary spectra.
Extrapolation: a solution for force feedback ? (1999)

Using a force feedback device within the framework of deformable object simulation remains difficult because of the incompatibility between the computation time needed by realistic deformable models and high refresh frequencies necessary for real-time haptic rendering. Giving the user a good haptic sensation requires refreshing the applied forces at least ten times more often than for giving a good visual sensation. Even though visually interactive deformable models exists, they can not be directly used for haptic rendering. We suggest, in this paper, to extrapolate the forces computed by the deformable model to go beyond interactivity to haptic real-time.
Mars odyssey aerobraking: the first step towards autonomous aerobraking operations (2004)

The 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft represents the third successful aerobraking mission. Aerobraking is a means of reducing the amount of propellant carried by an orbiting spacecraft. Achievement of the target science orbit is made through numerous light drag passes through a planet's upper atmosphere. Although there are significant mission advantages afforded by aerohraking such as a smaller propulsion system and increased scientific payload, they have typically been offset somewhat by increased operational risk. The risk is due to the long period of spacecraft operations (relative to the single event of orhit insertion) that must be performed in order to complete aerobrakig. As this phase of the mission progresses, the ground operations team must continue to make important decisions under ever tightening time constraints. In an effort to simplify the tasks performed by ground personnel. a basic level of autonomous capability has been introduced on the Odyssey spacecraft that will lead the way towards reducing the risks and improving the efficiency of aerobraking.
Emotional Changes in Japanese Blog Space Resulting from the 3.11 Earthquake (2015)

We quantified the emotional changes observed in social media after major disasters, focusing especially on the Japanese blog space after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. We checked the appearances of Japanese adjectives and found that special emotion adjectives, such as ‘impatient’, and ‘frustrating’ which involve the want to help others but the person has no means to and feels frustrated, occur with considerably increasing frequency. To visualize social mood, we drew a co-occurrence network of adjectives showing a major topological change at the site of the quake. Measuring emotional changes after an emergency has been difficult, but, our research has the potential to achieve it.
An RNA Binding Protein Negatively Controlling Differentiation in Fission Yeast (1998)

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe starts sexual development when starved for nutrients and simultaneously activated by mating pheromones. We have identified a new gene regulating the onset of this process. This gene, callednrd1+, encodes a typical RNA binding protein that preferentially binds poly(U). Deletion ofnrd1 + causes cells to initiate sexual development without nutrient starvation. We have found that the biological role of nrd1 + is to block the onset of sexual development by repressing the Ste11-regulated genes essential for conjugation and meiosis until cells reach a critical level of starvation.
Effect of organic substances on mass transfer in bubble aeration (1985)

Dispersion of gas bubbles in water has a wide application in aeration and ozonation processes. The rate of mass transfer in such systems depends strongly on the wastewater quality as well as on the design and operational characteristics of gas liquid contact units. Small amounts of surface active compounds in water were shown to reduce the overall mass transfer coefficient, kLa, in single bubble systems1,2,3 and in swarms of bubbles.4 This effect was attributed to the decrease in the liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient, kL.l~5 The adsorption of the large molecules of surfactants reduced the surface tension of water,1,467 reduced the bubble size,1,3,4,8 lowered the terminal velocity of bub bles,9-11 and increased the drag coefficient.5,10 Accordingly, surfactants were believed to reduce the kL by depressing the hydrodynamic activity, and by offering additional barriers for the passage of gas molecules at the gas-liquid interface. Higher concentrations of the surfactants improved this was attributed to the increase in the interfacial area caused by the formation of smaller bubbles.1,4 On the other hand, Zieminski and his co-workers8,1214 reported a definite improvement in kLa in the presence of various alcohols and carboxylic acids. The authors stated the principle action of such substances to be prevention of bubble coalescence. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of various organic substances on the characteristics of oxygen transfer from air bubbles to water. The compounds listed in Table 1 were chosen to represent various groups of water contaminants. To elucidate the effective mechanisms, experi ments were conducted by using either a fritted glass diffuser or a capillary for gas dispersion. The effects of gas flow rate, pH, and ionic strength were also examined.
Palladium(I) .pi. complexes: an ESR study of (pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl)palladium dibenzocyclooctatetraene (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticlePalladium(I) .pi. complexes: an ESR study of (pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl)palladium dibenzocyclooctatetraeneJanice A. DeGray, William E. Geiger, Gregg A. Lane, and Philip H. RiegerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 21, 4100–4102Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00021a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00021a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regional Effects of Soil Erosion on Crop Productivity—Midwest (1985)

This chapter reviews presently used estimates for crop yield reduction due to erosion in the Midwest, and documents how these estimates were developed. It also reports new research efforts in the Midwest that are designed to provide quantitative field data relating soil erosion to productivity, discusses the strengths and weaknesses of past and present research and develops recommendations for future research. In most states, yield estimates are derived from a system, or model, in which the yields of all soils of the state are considered relative to each other. In the Midwest, Iowa has the best database for estimating the effect of erosion on corn yield and soil productivity. Soil scientists at Iowa State University and SCS examined these data to establish trends in the effects of slope, erosion, and other soil properties on corn yield, and extrapolated these trends to soils on steeper slopes and to those with more erosion.
Separation of alkali from silica-rich black liquor (1998)

The black liquor produced from the pulping of rice straw with alkaline solution contains much silica which causes trouble during evaporation to obtain energy. The alkali material can be recovered by the use of a dialysis process. In this process, the factors affecting the efficiency of separation can be summarized as-volume of water used, time of the dialysis process, the concentration, and volume of black liquor, temperature, surface area, and types of membrane, vibration and stirring. The experiments showed that the period of time and the volume of water are related to each other, the best results were obtained with a small volume of water and a long time period. Half the concentration of the black liquor increased the efficiency of the dialysis. Also doubling the volume of black liquor to be dialyzed increased the dialysis efficiency. High efficiency can be obtained with less water and shorter time by using the appropriate membrane. The results confirmed that cellophane membrane dialyzed more grams of alkali than other dialysis membranes under the same conditions. Vibration of the liquor during the dialysis process irrcreased the effect of the surface area. Increasing the temperature to about 50°C increased the dialysis efficiency and decreased both the volume of water and the time required.
The Neurosurgical Treatment of Epilepsy (2000)

Despite the new advancements in antiepileptic drug development, thousands of people with epilepsy will remain intractable to medication. For a considerable proportion of these people, epilepsy surgery is a consideration for better control of their seizures. Resective surgery is now standard practice for patients with medication-refractory epilepsy. Temporal lobectomy continues to be the most common surgery performed. Once patients fail 2 to 3 optimal trials of antiepileptic medication, further drug therapy offers a minimal number of patients freedom from seizures. In contrast, temporal lobectomy in carefully selected patients may result in seizure-free outcomes in more than 70% to 90% of patients with intractable seizures. As technology and drug availability increases in the new millennium, it is important for the primary care physician to be aware of epilepsy surgery as a means to treat patients with antiepileptic drug-refractory epilepsy. Arch Fam Med. 2000;9:1142-1147
Role of scleraxis in mechanical stretch-mediated regulation of cardiac myofibroblast phenotype (2016)

The phenotype conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Numerous triggers of this conversion process have been identified, including plating of cells on solid substrates, cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β, and mechanical stretch; however, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely defined. Recent studies from our laboratory revealed that the transcription factor scleraxis is a key regulator of cardiac fibroblast phenotype and extracellular matrix expression. Here we report that mechanical stretch induces type I collagen expression and morphological changes indicative of cardiac myofibroblast conversion, as well as scleraxis expression via activation of the scleraxis promoter. Scleraxis causes phenotypic changes similar to stretch, and the effect of stretch is attenuated in scleraxis null cells. Scleraxis was also sufficient to upregulate expression of vinculin and F-actin, to induce stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, and to attenuate both cell migration and proliferation, further evidence of scleraxis-mediated regulation of fibroblast to myofibroblast conversion. Together, these data confirm that scleraxis is sufficient to promote the myofibroblast phenotype and is a required effector of stretch-mediated conversion. Scleraxis may thus represent a potential target for the development of novel antifibrotic therapies aimed at inhibiting myofibroblast formation.
Experimental demonstration of surface and bulk plasmon polaritons in hypergratings (2013)

Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) represent a novel class of fascinating anisotropic plasmonic materials, supporting highly confined bulk plasmon polaritons in addition to the surface plasmon polaritons. However, it is very challenging to tailor and excite those modes at optical frequencies using prism coupling technique because of the intrinsic difficulties to engineer non-traditional optical properties using artificial nanostructures and the unavailability of high refractive index prisms for matching the momentum between the incident light and the guided modes. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the excitation of both surface and bulk plasmon polaritons in a HMM through a grating coupling technique of surface plasmon excitation that makes use a hypergrating, which is a combined structure of metallic diffraction grating and HMM. Initially, we propose an optical hyperbolic metamaterial based on Au/TiO2 multilayers and confirm the hyperbolic dispersion, and the presence of high-k modes in the fabricated HMM. Reflection measurements as a function of incident angle and excitation wavelength show the existence of both surface and bulk plasmon polaritons inside the hypergrating. The proposed configuration is expected to find potential applications in bio-chemical sensors, integrated optics and optical sub-wavelength imaging.
Inorganic Materials as Ameliorants for Soil Remediation of Metal Toxicity to Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensisL.) (2010)

The ameliorating effects of different inorganic materials were investigated on a soil originating from a zinc smelter dumping site contaminated by toxic metals. Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) was used as a test plant. The soil was amended with different doses of mining sludge, Perferric Red Latosol (LVj), steel shots, cyclonic ash, silifertil, and superphosphate. The most effective amendments improved plant growth with 45% and reduced metal uptake by over 70% in comparison to untreated soil. Reductions in availability as estimated by BaCl2-extractable metals reached up to 90% for Zn and 65% for Cd as compared to unamended soil. These reductions were associated with lower shoot and root metal contents. Shoot Zn content was reduced from 1,369 microg g(-1) in plants grown on untreated soil to 377 microg g(-1) when grown on cyclonic ash amended soil while Cd decreased from 267 to 44 microg g(-1) in steel shots amended soil. Superphosphate addition had no ameliorating effect. On the contrary, it increased BaCl2-extractable amounts of Zn. Considering all parameters we determined, steel shots, cyclonic ash and silifertil are the most promising for remediating metal contaminated soil in the tropics. Further studies evaluating impacts, cost-effectiveness and durability of effects will be conducted.
Antennes pill-box millimétriques en technologie SIW (2011)

National audience
Cell cycle-dependent expression of TAP1, TAP2, and HLA-B27 messenger RNAs in a human breast cancer cell line. (1996)

Tumor cells are generally poorly responsive to immunotherapy. The results presented here suggest that antigen presentation of somatic tumor cells may be diminished greatly in quiescence and may be determined in part by growth regulation. Peptides produced by proteasomes are transported into the endoplasmic reticulum by transporter proteins TAP-1 and TAP-2, where they bind and stabilize MHC class I molecules required for antigenic presentation on the cell surface. TAP-1 and TAP-2 mRNAs were undetectable in quiescent, serum-deprived human breast cancer cells (21PT). They appeared 10 h after serum induction, near the G(1)-S boundary. In contrast, HLA-B27 mRNA was biphasically up-regulated. These mRNAs were significantly down-regulated in most tissues that contain mainly terminally differentiated, nonproliferating cells. All of the investigated breast cancer cell lines showed lower expression levels of these mRNAs than did the corresponding normal cells.
Highly efficient generation of induced neurons from human fibroblasts that survive transplantation into the adult rat brain (2014)

Induced neurons (iNs) offer a novel source of human neurons that can be explored for applications of disease modelling, diagnostics, drug screening and cell replacement therapy. Here we present a protocol for highly efficient generation of functional iNs from fetal human fibroblasts, and also demonstrate the ability of these converted human iNs (hiNs) to survive transplantation and maintain their phenotype in the adult rat brain. The protocol encompasses a delay in transgene activation after viral transduction that resulted in a significant increase in conversion efficiency. Combining this approach with treatment of small molecules that inhibit SMAD signalling and activate WNT signalling provides a further increase in the conversion efficiency and neuronal purity, resulting in a protocol that provides a highly efficient method for the generation of large numbers of functional and transplantable iNs from human fibroblasts without the use of a selection step. When transplanting the converted neurons from different stages of in vitro culture into the brain of adult rats, we observed robust survival and maintenance of neuronal identity four weeks post-transplantation. Interestingly, the positive effect of small molecule treatment observed in vitro did not result in a higher yield of iNs surviving transplantation.
Indoor positioning based on statistical multipath channel modeling (2011)

In order to estimate the location of an indoor mobile station (MS), estimated time-of-arrival (TOA) can be obtained at each of several access points (APs). These TOA estimates can then be used to solve for the location of the MS. Alternatively, it is possible to estimate the location of the MS directly by incorporating the received signals at all APs in a direct estimator of position. This article presents a deeper analysis of a previously proposed maximum likelihood (ML)-TOA estimator, including a uniqueness property and the behavior in nonline-of-sight (NLOS) situations. Then, a ML direct location estimation technique utilizing all received signals at the various APs is proposed based on the ML-TOA estimator. The Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is used as a performance reference for the ML direct location estimator.