gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single amino acid substitutions in the HsdR subunit of the type IB restriction enzyme EcoAI uncouple the DNA translocation and DNA cleavage activities of the enzyme (1999)

Type I restriction enzymes bind to specific DNA sequences but subsequently translocate non-specific DNA past the complex in a reaction coupled to ATP hydrolysis and cleave DNA at any barrier that can halt the translocation process. The restriction subunit of these enzymes, HsdR, contains a cluster of seven amino acid sequence motifs typical of helicase superfamily II, that are believed to be relevant to the ATP-dependent DNA translocation. Alignment of all available HsdR sequences reveals an additional conserved region at the protein N-terminus with a consensus sequence reminiscent of the P-D.(D/E)-X-K catalytic motif of many type II restriction enzymes. To investigate the role of these conserved residues, we have produced mutants of the type IB restriction enzyme Eco AI. We have found that single alanine substitutions at Asp-61, Glu-76 and Lys-78 residues of the HsdR subunit abolished the enzyme's restriction activity but had no effect on its ATPase and DNA translocation activities, suggesting that these residues are part of the active site for DNA cleavage.
Application of space-time neural networks to detect tether skiprope phenomenon in space operations (1992)

The feasibility of operating tethered payloads in earth orbit will be studied during a space shuttle flight scheduled for 1992. Tethered systems may exhibit a circular transverse oscillation or skiprope phenomenon due to interaction between the earth's magnetic field and current pulsing through the tether. Effective damping of this skiprope motion depends on rapid and accurate detection of its magnitude and phase. Satellite attitude motion has characteristic oscillations as well as many other perturbations and therefore the relationship between skiprope parameters and attitude time history is very complex and nonlinear. A space-time neural network (STNN) for filtering satellite rate gyro data is proposed for rapid detection and prediction of skiprope magnitude and phase. A validated orbital operations simulator and STNN software will be used for training and testing of this skiprope detection system. The advantages of STNNs are discussed and STNN configurations and preliminary results are presented.
RICE: rapid interconnect circuit evaluation using AWE (1994)

This paper describes the Rapid Interconnect Circuit Evaluator (RICE) software developed specifically to analyze RC and RLC interconnect circuit models of virtually any size and complexity. RICE focuses specifically on the passive interconnect problem by applying the moment-matching technique of Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation (AWE) and application-specific circuit analysis techniques to yield large gains in run-time efficiency over circuit simulation without sacrificing accuracy. Moreover, this focus of AWE on passive interconnect problems permits the use of moment-matching techniques that produce stable, pre-characterized, reduced-order models for RC and RLC interconnects. RICE is demonstrated to be as accurate as a transient circuit simulation with hundreds or thousands of times the efficiency. The use of RICE is demonstrated on several VLSI interconnect and off-chip microstrip models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Robustness of networks against viruses: the role of the spectral radius (2006)

In this paper we study the spectral radius of a number of real-life networks. This study is motivated by the fact that the smaller the spectral radius, the higher the robustness of a network against the spread of viruses. First we study how well-known upper bounds for the spectral radius of graphs match to the spectral radii of the social network of the Dutch soccer team, the Dutch roadmap network, the network of the observable part of the Internet graph at the IP-level and the autonomous system level. Secondly, we compare the spectral radius for these real-life networks with those of commonly used complex network models
Requirement for Core 2 O-Glycans for Optimal Resistance to Helminth Infection (2013)

The migration of lymphocytes to the small intestine is controlled by expression of the integrin α4β7 and the chemokine receptor CCR9. However, the molecules that specifically regulate migration to the large intestine remain unclear. Immunity to infection with the large intestinal helminth parasite Trichuris muris is dependent upon CD4(+) T cells that migrate to the large intestine. We examine the role of specific chemokine receptors, adhesion molecules and glycosyltransferases in the development of protective immunity to Trichuris. Mice deficient in expression of the chemokine receptors CCR2 or CCR6 were resistant to infection with Trichuris. Similarly, loss of CD34, CD43, CD44 or PSGL-1 had no effect on resistance to infection. In contrast, simultaneous deletion of the Core2 β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT) enzymes C2GnT1 and C2Gnt2 resulted in delayed expulsion of worms. These results suggest that C2GnT-dependent modifications may play a role in migration of protective immune cells to the large intestine.
Laser-fabricated ball lens optical interface for back side coupling to a silicon photonics sensor chip (2021)

We propose a simple optical interface for coupling between a single mode fiber and a grating on a Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC), by coupling from the back side using a ball lens. This way, the top side of the PIC remains accessible for sensing.
Evolutionary Game Theory (1997)

This text introduces current evolutionary game theory--where ideas from evolutionary biology and rationalistic economics meet--emphasizing the links between static and dynamic approaches and noncooperative game theory. The author provides an overview of the developments that have taken place in this branch of game theory, discusses the mathematical tools needed to understand the area, describes both the motivation and intuition for the concepts involved, and explains why and how the theory is relevant to economics.
A Novel Power-Saving Transmission Scheme for Multiple-Component-Carrier Cellular Systems (2016)

As mobile data traffic levels have increased exponentially, resulting in rising energy costs in recent years, the demand for and development of green communication technologies has resulted in various energy-saving designs for cellular systems. At the same time, recent technological advances have allowed multiple component carriers (CCs) to be simultaneously utilized in a base station (BS), a development that has made the energy consumption of BSs a matter of increasing concern. To help address this concern, herein we propose a novel scheme aimed at efficiently minimizing the power consumption of BS transceivers during transmission, while still ensuring good service quality and fairness for users. Specifically, the scheme utilizes the dynamic activation/deactivation of CCs during data transmission to increase power usage efficiency. To test its effectiveness, the proposed scheme was applied to a model consisting of a BS with orthogonal frequency division multiple access-based CCs in a downlink transmission environment. The results indicated that, given periods of relatively light traffic loads, the total power consumption of the proposed scheme is significantly lower than that of schemes in which all the CCs of a BS are constantly activated, suggesting the scheme’s potential for reducing both energy costs and carbon dioxide emissions.
SINGLE-DOSE PRULIFLOXACIN VERSUS SINGLE-DOSE PEFLOXACIN IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE UNCOMPLICATED URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN WOMEN (2010)

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of singledose prulifloxacin vs. single-dose pefloxacin in the treatment of patients with acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Two hundred and thirty-one female out-patients were considered microbiologically evaluable and randomly treated with 600 mg prulifloxacin (116 patients) or 800 mg pefloxacin (115 patients). The most commonly isolated uropathogen at baseline was Escherichia coli (71.4%), followed by Proteus mirabilis (10.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.8%). Five-seven days posttreatment, the eradication rate was 97.4% and 92.2% in the prulifloxacin and pefloxacin group, respectively. The one-tailed 95% confidence interval analysis showed the equivalence of treatments. Four weeks from treatment no relapses, reinfections or superinfections were observed. The clinical success rates were 92.2% in the prulifloxacin and 84.3% pefloxacin groups. The safety profile was very good with both drugs. The results of the study make it possible to consider prulifloxacin a possible therapeutic option in patients with acute uncomplicated UTIs.
Endovascular Management of Renal Artery Stenosis: Current Techniques and Results (2004)

Renal angioplasty and stenting for the treatment of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis has become the initial procedure of choice in many institutions. This is due to the high acute technical success rates of 98% to 99%, with restenosis rates of 12% at 2 years with the use of balloon-expandable stents. Restenosis can usually be treated with a repeat percutaneous intervention, with secondary patency rates of up to 98% at 4 years. Average mortality rates of 1.7% with significant morbidity rates of 2.7% are significantly lower than those reported in most surgical series. In addition, with the advent of newer low-profile technology and increased experience at large institutions, these rates can be expected to decline even further. Cure of hypertension can be expected to occur in 10% to 20% of patients with improvement of blood pressure control in another 50% to 60% of patients. Similarly, improvement in renal insufficiency can be expected to occur in up to 30% of patients. Further advancements in technology such as the use of drug-eluting stents , protection devices, brachytherapy, and mechanical debulking devices may all serve to improve results. This paper reviews the development of our current endovascular technique for the management of renal artery stenosis along with results, complications, and areas for future development.
1-V rail-to-rail operational amplifiers in standard CMOS technology (2000)

The constraints on the design of CMOS operational amplifiers with rail-to-rail input range for extremely low supply voltage operation, are addressed. Two design approaches for amplifiers based on complementary input differential pairs and a single input pair, respectively, are presented. The first realizes a feedforward action to accommodate the common-mode (CM) component of the input signals to the amplifier input range. The second approach performs a negative feedback action over the input CM signal. Two operational amplifiers based on the proposed approaches have been designed for 1-V total supply operation, and fabricated in a standard 1.2-/spl mu/m CMOS process. Experimental results are provided and the corresponding performances are discussed and compared.
A Breakthrough Method for the Effective Conditioning of PVA Brush Used for Post-CMP Process (2019)

Polyvinyl acetal (PVA) brush cleaning is one of the most important processes in the post chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) cleaning process. However, PVA brush could be severely contaminated due to strong direct contact with a large amount of abrasive particles during the long-time post CMP cleaning, and the particles on the brush can be easily transported to the next wafer substrate. In this study, we tested four different types of conditioning processes to remove the particles from the brush to increase the cleaning efficiency of post CMP process and comparatively evaluated using FE-SEM. The physical scrubbing method showed higher cleaning efficiency than the chemically dipping method, but some abrasive particles remained on the non-contacted surface. The flow-through method using pH 11 showed the higher removal ability than pH 3 and 7 due to strong repulsive force between silica abrasive particle and PVA brush, but some abrasive particles remained due to non-uniform flow of chemicals. The ultrasonication method with DIW was found to be very effective to remove the particles completely from the brush without damage. Consequently, the new developed conditioning process provides an environmentally friendly and cost effective alternative conditioning process to the existing conditioning process of contaminated PVA brushes.
Hepatic fibrosis, polycystic kidney, colobomata and encephalopathy in siblings (1974)

A new syndrome is described in a brother and a sister who show a similar range of minor dysmorphic features (frontal bossing, high palate, anteverted flares, hypertelorism, carp mouth), colobomata, and a diffuse encephalopathy in association with congenital hepatic fibrosis and childhood polycystic kidney disease. The relationship of the major features to each other is discussed and a differential diagnosis is outlined.
L-Ornithine Decarboxylase from Hafnia alvei Has a Novel L-Ornithine Oxidase Activity (1997)

A novel activity producing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from L-ornithine in the presence of NAD(P)+ was found in the crude extract of L-ornithine-induced Hafnia alvei, in addition to L-ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. The reaction system for the former activity consisted of two enzymes, L-ornithine oxidase (decarboxylating, OOD) and gamma-aminobutyraldehyde (GABL) dehydrogenase (GDH). OOD catalyzed the conversion of L-ornithine into GABL, CO2, NH3, and H2O2 in the presence of O2, and GDH dehydrogenated GABL to GABA in the presence of NAD(P)+. OOD, purified to homogeneity, had a high ODC activity and the activity ratio of ODC to OOD was almost constant throughout the purification (ODC/ OOD=160:1). The molecular mass of the OOD was about 230 kDa, probably consisting of three identical subunits of a 77 kDa peptide, and OOD had an absorption maximum at 420 nm as well as at 278 nm, the specific absorption for an enzyme containing pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). The content of PLP was estimated at about 1 mol per subunit. OOD was specific to L-ornithine, and other L-amino acids and polyamines including putrescine were inert. The enzyme was activated by PLP, but not by pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate, FAD, FMN, or pyrroloquinoline quinone, and it was inactivated by hydrazine, semicarbazide, and hydroxylamine. The holoenzyme can be resolved to the apoenzyme by incubation with hydroxylamine, and reconstituted with PLP. These properties of OOD were almost the same as those of ODC separately purified to homogeneity from H. alvei. Zn2+ and Cu2+, butanedione, and sodium borohydride inhibited both OOD and ODC in a similar manner. The OOD reaction required O2 and only the ODC reaction proceeded under anaerobic conditions. The substitution of air for oxygen in the reaction vessel and the addition of catalase-H2O, enhanced only the OOD reaction, resulting in an increase of the ratio of OOD/ODC to 1:30 and 1:4.1, respectively. These results suggested that OOD and ODC are identical and that the former is a side reaction of the latter in the presence of O2.
Quick search for rare events through adaptive group sampling (2013)

Rare events can potentially occur in many applications and when they model transient opportunities or costly risks should be detected quickly. Due to their sporadic nature, the information-bearing signals associated with rare events often lie in a large set of irrelevant signals and are not easily accessible. This paper provides a sequential search framework that initially takes rough mixed measurements from a group of events. The groups of events that are deemed to be including one or more rare events are retained for further scrutiny and the individual events in such groups are processed sequentially in order to identify a rare event with the shortest delay. Particular focus is placed on Gaussian signals with the aim of detecting signals with rare mean and variance values.
Analysis of Bacterial Activity in Sound and Cariogenic Biofilm: A Pilot in vivo Study (2016)

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease with many associated microbial taxa, but only a few are notably contributing to acidogenicity. The ribosome number and the corresponding 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) concentration are considered a molecular indicator for general metabolic activity of bacteria, as they are elevated with increased anabolic and catabolic activities. We hypothesize that the activity of aciduric/acidogenic bacterial taxa, reflected by a rise in ribosomal counts, could resolve differences between plaque biofilm from sound surfaces and caries lesions. The included subjects were allocated to two groups: caries-free (CF) or caries-active (CA). CF subjects presented one donor site, namely one sound surface (CFS, n = 10), whereas CA subjects presented two donor sites: a cavitated lesion with an ICDAS score of 5-6 (CAC, n = 13), and a sound reference surface (CAS, n = 13). Four aciduric/acidogenic bacterial taxa (Streptococcus mutans, lactobacilli, Bifidobacterium dentium, and Scardovia wiggsiae) and one asaccharolytic taxon (fusobacteria) as a contrast were selected. 16S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes were quantified by quantitative PCR. Based on these parameters, bacterial and ribosomal counts, as well as relative activities were calculated as the quotient of relative ribosomal abundance and relative genome abundance. Caries-associated bacteria showed the highest relative activity in caries lesions (e.g. lactobacilli CAC: 177.5 ± 46.0%) and lower activities on sound surfaces (e.g. lactobacilli CAS: 96.3 ± 31.5%), whereas asaccharolytic fusobacteria were most active on sound surfaces and less active in caries lesions (CFS: 275.7 ± 171.1%; CAS: 205.8 ± 114.3%; CAC: 51.1 ± 19.0%). Thus, the present study suggests different activity patterns for biofilms from CF and CA individuals.
Light Scattering of Optical Components for Space Applications (2014)

Light scattering can critically affect the performance of high-end optical systems. Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions (BRDF) are used to quantify these scattering properties. Results of measurements on mirror surfaces, black coatings, and diffraction gratings for space applications are presented and discussed.
Adversarial Transfer of Pose Estimation Regression (2020)

We address the problem of camera pose estimation in visual localization. Current regression-based methods for pose estimation are trained and evaluated scene-wise. They depend on the coordinate frame of the training dataset and show a low generalization across scenes and datasets. We identify the dataset shift an important barrier to generalization and consider transfer learning as an alternative way towards a better reuse of pose estimation models. %To benefit from %for in the image classification and semantic segmentation. e revise domain adaptation techniques for classification and extend them to camera pose estimation, which is a multi-regression task. We develop a deep adaptation network for learning scene-invariant image representations and use adversarial learning to generate such representations for model transfer. We enrich the network with self-supervised learning and use the adaptability theory to validate the existence of scene-invariant representation of images in two given scenes. We evaluate our network on two public datasets, Cambridge Landmarks and 7Scene, demonstrate its superiority over several baselines and compare to the state of the art methods.
Schleusen für Druckreaktoren — Konzepte und Ausführungen (1981)

Abstract Schleusen müssen dort angewendet werden, wo Feststoffströme zwischen Räumen unterschiedlichen Drucks zu transportieren sind. Um die eigentliche Schleuse gruppieren sich weitere Apparate, Maschinen und Steuerungseinrichtungen, die zum Schleusensystem zusammengefaßt werden. Es werden Schleusensysteme vorgestellt, die sich schon im industriellen Einsatz bewährt haben. Daneben werden zur Zeit entwickelte Systeme beschrieben. Die Beschreibung schließt auch wichtige Untersysteme wie Verschlüsse oder Dosierungseinrichtungen ein. Für die Bewertung der Systeme werden verschiedene Kriterien angegeben, die alle wesentlichen Belange der betrieblichen Praxis berücksichtigen. Realisierte und kurz vor der Realisierung stehende Systeme werden bezüglich ihres spezifischen Energieaufwands verglichen. Als Ergebnis der Bewertung zeigt die Kammerschleuse die größte Anwendungsbreite, was auch durch ihren bevorzugten Einsatz in großtechnischen und Pilot‐Anlagen zur Kohlevergasung und ‐verbrennung unter Druck dokumentiert wird; z. Z. laufende Entwicklungen, die auf eine Reduzierung des bei der Kammerschleuse auftretenden Entspannungsgases zielen, werden die Attraktivität dieses Systems im Erfolgsfall weiter erhöhen können.
Preliminary comparison between real-time in-vivo spectral and transverse oscillation velocity estimates (2011)

Spectral velocity estimation is considered the gold standard in medical ultrasound. Peak systole (PS), end diastole (ED), and resistive index (RI) are used clinically. Angle correction is performed using a flow angle set manually. With Transverse Oscillation (TO) velocity estimates the flow angle, peak systole (PS<sub>TO</sub>), end diastole (ED<sub>TO</sub>), and resistive index (RI<sub>TO</sub>) are estimated. This study investigates if these clinical parameters are estimated equally good using spectral and TO data. The right common carotid arteries of three healthy volunteers were scanned longitudinally. Average TO flow angles and std were calculated { 52&plusmn;18 ; 55&plusmn;23 ; 60&plusmn;16 }&deg;. Spectral angles { 52 ; 56 ; 52 }&deg; were obtained from the B-mode images. Obtained values are: PS<sub>TO</sub> { 76&plusmn;15 ; 89&plusmn;28 ; 77&plusmn;7 } cm/s, spectral PS { 77 ; 110 ; 76 } cm/s, ED<sub>TO</sub> { 10&plusmn;3 ; 14&plusmn;8 ; 15&plusmn;3 } cm/s, spectral ED { 18 ; 13 ; 20 } cm/s, RITO { 0.87&plusmn;0.05 ; 0.79&plusmn;0.21 ; 0.79&plusmn;0.06 }, and spectral RI { 0.77 ; 0.88 ; 0.73 }. Vector angles are within &plusmn;two std of the spectral angle. TO velocity estimates are within &plusmn;three std of the spectral estimates. RI<sub>TO</sub> are within &plusmn;two std of the spectral estimates. Preliminary data indicates that the TO and spectral velocity estimates are equally good. With TO there is no manual angle setting and no flow angle limitation. TO velocity estimation can also automatically handle situations where the angle varies over the cardiac cycle. More detailed temporal and spatial vector estimates with diagnostic potential are available with the TO velocity estimation.