gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of humidity and holding temperature (in the range from −13 to +60°C) on the recrystallization and aging of strontium-doped KCl crystals after plastic deformation (2004)

The effect of humidity and temperature in the range from −13 to +60°C on the processes of recrystallization and aging is studied upon holding of KCl crystals doped with 0.06 wt % Sr after plastic deformation. The crystals initially consist of a supersaturated solid solution. The presence of water is found to increase the rates of nucleation and growth of grains with twinned orientations with respect to the initial single crystal. Upon aging of these crystals in the presence of water vapor, strontium chloride crystalline-hydrate SrCl2 6H2O forms along the boundaries of recrystallized grains and crack edges. This results not only in a decreased plastic deformation-induced increment in the hardness but also in decomposition of the crystals. It is found that varying the temperature in the range from −13 to +25°C affects the recrystallization rate and aging processes much more weakly than does the presence of excess moisture. The most stable structure and properties are observed in the case where deformed crystals that are held at temperatures from −13 to +25°C remain in a solid-solution state. The possible long-term conservation of the high hardness of deformed crystals owing to an additional postdeformation treatment is discussed.
Constraint Singularities of Force Transmission in Nonredundant Parallel Robots With Less Than Six Degrees of Freedom (2003)

The analysis of the workspace singularities is one of the fundamental aspects in the design of parallel robots. The architecture singularities are generally studied analysing the local properties of the Jacobian matrix. Nevertheless, for limited-DOF parallel robots, there is a category of singularities (constraint or constructive singularities), relating to the constraint force transmission, which are not described by this matrix. This paper deals with a general approach to the analysis of these singularities, used in the synthesis of a Linear Delta robot to suitably modify its geometry, remarkably improving the structural behavior. Details and numerical results are provided.
Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of N1-(substituted phenyl)pyridinecarboxamidines. (1983)

A series of N1-(substituted phenyl) pyridinecarboxamidines was synthesized by the condensation of substituted anilines with cyanopyridines in the presence of aluminum chloride or sodium amide and these compounds were evaluated for antiinflammatory activity by the carrageenin-induced rat paw edema assay. In the synthesis of N1-alkoxyphenyl pyridinecarboxamidines, it was found that o-alkoxyanilines reacted with aluminum chloride to afford o-aminophenol, while m- and p-alkoxyanilines were scarcely dealkylated. Sodium amide was successfully used for the condensation of o-alkoxyanilines with cyanopyridines. Among several active derivatives, N1-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl) pyridinecarboxamidine and N1-(4-chlorophenyl)-pyridinecarboxamidine exhibited significant antiinflammatory activities.
Analysis of Thermodynamic Models for Simulation and Optimisation of Organic Rankine Cycles (2019)

Equations of state (EOSs) form the base of every thermodynamic model used in the design of industrial processes, but little work has been done to evaluate these in the context of such models. This work evaluates 13 EOSs for their accuracy, computational time and robustness when used in an in-house optimisation program that finds the maximum power output of an organic Rankine cycle. The EOSs represent popular choices in the industry, such as the simple cubic EOSs, and more complex EOSs such as the ones based on corresponding state principles (CSP). These results were compared with results from using the Groupe Européen de Recherches Gazières (GERG) EOS, whose error is within experimental uncertainty. It appears that the corresponding state EOSs find a solution to the optimisation problem notably faster than GERG without significant loss of accuracy. A corresponding state method which used the Peng–Robinson EOS to calculate the shape factors and a highly accurate EOS for propane as the reference EOS, was shown to have a total deviation of just 0.6% as compared to GERG while also being 10 times as fast. The CSP implementation was also more robust, being able to converge successfully more often.
Speckle variance OCT for depth resolved assessment of the viability of bovine embryos (2017)

The morphology of embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) is commonly used to estimate their viability. However, imaging by standard microscopy is subjective and unable to assess the embryo on a cellular scale after compaction. Optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique that can produce a depth-resolved profile of a sample and can be coupled with speckle variance (SV) to detect motion on a micron scale. In this study, day 7 post-IVF bovine embryos were observed either short-term (10 minutes) or long-term (over 18 hours) and analyzed by swept source OCT and SV to resolve their depth profile and characterize micron-scale movements potentially associated with viability. The percentage of en face images showing movement at any given time was calculated as a method to detect the vital status of the embryo. This method could be used to measure the levels of damage sustained by an embryo, for example after cryopreservation, in a rapid and non-invasive way.
Electrochemical determination of bentazone using simple screen-printed carbon electrodes (2019)

Bentazone is one of the most problematic pesticides polluting groundwater resources. It is on the list of pesticides that are mandatory to analyze at water work controls. The current pesticide measuring approach includes manual water sampling and time-consuming chromatographical quantification of the bentazone content at centralized laboratories. Here, we report the use of an electrochemical approach for analytical determination of bentazone that takes 10 s. The electrochemical electrodes were manually screen printed, resulting in the low-cost fabrication of the sensors. The current response was linearly proportional to the bentazone concentration with a R<sup>2</sup> ~ 0.999. We demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.0987 μA/μM and a limit of detection of 0.034 μM, which is below the U.S. Health Advisory level. Furthermore, the sensors have proved to be reusable and stable with a drop of only 2% after 15 times reuse. The sensors have been applied to successfully quantify bentazone spiked in real groundwater and lake water. The sensing method presented here is a step towards on-site application of electrochemical detection of pesticides in water sources.
Direct Growth of AlN Single Crystal on Sapphire by Solution Growth Method (2013)

AlN was directly grown on a sapphire substrate by the solution growth method with the Cu–Si–Al–Ti solvent under a nitrogen gas flow. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the grown AlN was single crystal. The AlN layer was epitaxially formed on the sapphire substrate with the orientation relationships: (0001) AlN ∥(0001) sapphire and [1̄100] AlN ∥[112̄0] sapphire . The full widths at half maximum (FWHMs) of X-ray rocking curves for tilt and twist components were 414 and 2031 arcsec, respectively.
A Machine Learning Approach to Improve Contactless Heart Rate Monitoring Using a Webcam (2014)

Unobtrusive, contactless recordings of physiological signals are very important for many health and human-computer interaction applications. Most current systems require sensors which intrusively touch the user's skin. Recent advances in contact-free physiological signals open the door to many new types of applications. This technology promises to measure heart rate (HR) and respiration using video only. The effectiveness of this technology, its limitations, and ways of overcoming them deserves particular attention. In this paper, we evaluate this technique for measuring HR in a controlled situation, in a naturalistic computer interaction session, and in an exercise situation. For comparison, HR was measured simultaneously using an electrocardiography device during all sessions. The results replicated the published results in controlled situations, but show that they cannot yet be considered as a valid measure of HR in naturalistic human-computer interaction. We propose a machine learning approach to improve the accuracy of HR detection in naturalistic measurements. The results demonstrate that the root mean squared error is reduced from 43.76 to 3.64 beats/min using the proposed method.
T4+ cell numbers are correlated with plasma glutamate and cystine levels: association of hyperglutamataemia with immunodeficiency in diseases with different aetiologies (1992)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive individuals suffer from a depletion of T4+ T cells and have elevated plasma glutamate levels. Glutamate is also elevated in cancer patients, and several authors have shown that elevated extracellular glutamate levels inhibit competitively the membrane transport of cystine and cause a decrease of intracellular cystine. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that high glutamate and/or low cystine levels may generally be associated with low lymphocyte reactivity or low T4+ counts. In three independent studies we tested (i) serum amino acid levels (AAL) versus T4+ counts in healthy individuals, (ii) plasma AAL versus lymphocyte responses in healthy individuals, and (iii) plasma AAL versus T4+ counts in HIV-1 seropositive individuals. When the individuals in each study were divided into four subgroups as defined by median glutamate and cystine levels, the results showed that persons with a combination of low glutamate and high cystine level (LGHC subgroups) had the highest mean T4+ count or highest lymphocyte reactivity. Moreover, the LGHC subgroup in a study of lung cancer patients had a much longer mean survival time than the other three subgroups. In HIV-1 infected patients, hyperglutamataemia is associated with hypocystinaemia and hypocysteinaemia. Azidodeoxythymidine (AZT) treated HIV patients had, on average, lower glutamate levels than patients without AZT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
AMPLITUDE, PHASE AND TEMPERATURE STABILIZATION OF THE ELSA RF SYSTEM (2013)

In the stretcher ring of the accelerator facility ELSA electrons are accelerated to a maximum energy of 3.2 GeV applying a fast energy ramp of up to 6 GeV/s. In order to be able to offer higher external beam currents one has to increase the current of the internal beam in ELSA accordingly. The beam current is limited due to excitation of multi bunch instabilities which are mainly caused by higher order modes of the two PETRA cavities used for particle acceleration in the stretcher ring. To control the resonance frequency of these modes, a variable bypass of the cavities’ cooling system has been installed which allows a stabilization of their temperature. With this modification, it is possible to vary the temperature of the cavities between 26 ◦ C and 65 ◦ C and thus to shift the higher order modes by hundreds of kHz in frequency. Additionally, first operational studies with a prototype of a FPGA based LLRF system (Dimtel) have been performed which in future will be used to stabilize the amplitude and phase of the accelerating RF fields of the cavities.
First OCDMA Experimental Demonstration over Free Space and Optical Fiber Link (2008)

High speed and secure optical code division multiple access signals were successfully transmitted over 160 meters free space and 20 km optical fiber links. This shows possibility of covering area where geographical complexities make fiber installation difficult.
A flash IC card with programmable security code (2002)

A flash IC card with programmable security code and embedded 2 Kb flash memory has been developed. Using the NORST (NOR with Select Transistor) flash EEPROM cell make this flash memory suitable for the embedded applications. The needed high positive and negative boosted voltages when programming and erasing are provided by the Dickson charge pump on chip. Two circuit techniques are proposed for the charge pump in order to minimize the influence of the body effect and threshold voltage. There are two main parts to the whole card: digital control logic and analog macro cell. A two level fuse circuit is adopted to distinguish the state of testing and normal use.
Flexible Fibers: Polymer Fiber Probes Enable Optical Control of Spinal Cord and Muscle Function In Vivo (Adv. Funct. Mater. 42/2014) (2014)

On page 6594, polymer fibers are designed by P. Anikeeva and co-workers to mimic fibrous geometry of the nerves allow simultaneous optical stimulation and neural recording in the spinal cord. The cover picture illustrates the flexibility of the bifunctional neural probes and their ability to accommodate deformation due to the movement of vertebrae.
Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography studies in the diagnosis and staging of clinically advanced prostate cancer (2003)

FDG-PET imaging is not a useful test in evaluating advanced prostate cancer in patients being treated and who have an undetectable PSA level. Staging of advanced prostate cancer may be enhanced by FDG-PET imaging in patients who are untreated, who have had an incomplete response to therapy, or who have a rising PSA level despite treatment.
Theoretical estimates of the anapole magnetizabilities of C4H4X2 cyclic molecules for X=O, S, Se, and Te (2014)

Calculations have been carried out for C4H4X2 cyclic molecules, with X=O, S, Se, and Te, characterized by the presence of magnetic-field induced toroidal electron currents and associated orbital anapole moments. The orbital anapole induced by a static nonuniform magnetic field B, with uniform curl C=∇×B, is rationalized via a second-rank anapole magnetizability tensor a(αβ), defined as minus the second derivative of the second-order interaction energy with respect to the components C(α) and B(β). The average anapole magnetizability a̅ equals -χ̅, the pseudoscalar obtained by spatial averaging of the dipole-quadrupole magnetizability χ(α,βγ). It has different sign for D and L enantiomeric systems and can therefore be used for chiral discrimination. Therefore, in an isotropic chiral medium, a homogeneous magnetic field induces an electronic anapole A(α), having the same magnitude, but opposite sign, for two enantiomorphs.
Engineered structures for use in disposable incontinence products (2003)

The background and evolution of absorbent disposable hygiene products is discussed. The current technology used to produce disposable hygiene products such as baby diapers, feminine hygiene products and adult incontinence management products is shown to have a number of manufacturing and in-use problems. Alternative technologies, such as multilayer composite webs offer the opportunity to achieve better product weight control, and therefore better control over the other related properties, reduced raw material waste and improved functional characteristics. There are still problems to be resolved when using such composite materials, but the potential of these new technologies has now been established.
FFA2 activation combined with ulcerogenic COX inhibition induces duodenal mucosal injury via the 5-HT pathway in rats (2017)

Serotonin (5-HT), predominantly synthesized and released by enterochromaffin cells, is implicated in gastrointestinal symptoms such as emesis, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Because luminal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) release 5-HT from enterochromaffin cells, which express the SCFA receptor free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) in rat duodenum, we examined the effects of the selective FFA2 agonist phenylacetamide-1 (PA1) on duodenal 5-HT release with consequent bicarbonate secretion [duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS)] and on indomethacin (IND)-induced enteropathy. Intestinal injury was induced by IND (10 mg/kg sc) with or without PA1. We measured DBS in vivo in a duodenal loop perfused with PA1 while measuring 5-HT released in the portal vein. Duodenal blood flow was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry. IND induced small intestinal ulcers with duodenal sparing. PA1 given with IND (IND + PA1) dose dependently induced duodenal erosions. IND + PA1-induced duodenal lesions were inhibited by the FFA2 antagonist GLPG-0974, ondansetron, or omeprazole but not by RS-23597 or atropine. Luminal perfusion of PA1 augmented DBS accompanied by increased portal blood 5-HT concentrations with approximately eight times more release at 0.1 mM than at 1 µM, with the effects inhibited by coperfusion of GLPG-0974. Luminal PA1 at 1 µM increased, but at 0.1 mM diminished, duodenal blood flow. Cosuperfusion of PA1 (0.1 mM) decreased acid-induced hyperemia, further reduced by IND pretreatment but restored by ondansetron. These results suggest that, although FFA2 activation enhances duodenal mucosal defenses, FFA2 overactivation during ulcerogenic cyclooxygenase inhibition may increase the vulnerability of the duodenal mucosa to gastric acid via excessive 5-HT release and 5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptor activation, implicated in foregut-related symptoms such as emesis and epigastralgia.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Luminal free fatty acid receptor 2 agonists stimulate enterochromaffin cells and release serotonin, which enhances mucosal defenses in rat duodenum. However, overdriving serotonin release with high luminal concentrations of free fatty acid 2 ligands such as short-chain fatty acids injures the mucosa by decreasing mucosal blood flow. These results are likely implicated in serotonin-related dyspeptic symptom generation because of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, which is hypothesized to generate excess SCFAs in the foregut, overdriving serotonin release from enterochromaffin cells.
Recovery from Repeated Sudden Hearing Loss in a Patient with Takayasu’s Arteritis Treated with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: The First Report in the Literature (2017)

Hearing loss has been rarely reported in Takayasu's arteritis, may present as Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss, and usually responds well to corticosteroid therapy. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy is commonly used as a supplementary treatment to corticosteroids for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. We present the case of a 36-year-old woman with Takayasu's arteritis who had two episodes of sudden hearing loss involving one ear at a time with an 11-month delay between each episode. During the first episode, the patient was treated with high-dose intramuscular corticosteroids with a temporary improvement of auditory threshold that deteriorated 14 days after cessation of therapy. In the second episode, Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy was associated with corticosteroids, with improvements in both ears, including the one that was unresponsive in the long term to previous pharmacologic therapy. In this case, Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy could have acted synergically with corticosteroids playing a role in hearing restoration.
Experimental study on sliding mode variable structure vibration control for piezoelectric cantilever plate (2008)

Some flexible appendages of spacecraft are cantilever plate structures, such as sun plate, piezoelectric smart structure is used to suppress the multi-modal vibrations of the cantilever plate due to the parameter uncertainties and environmental disturbances. Optimal placement of piezoelectric actuators/sensors in active vibration suppression of flexible plate is conducted to control the vibrations of bending modes and torsional modes. The experimental facility of piezoelectric smart plate for active vibration control was designed and built up. A kind of gain select sliding mode variable structure control method is adopted. And experimental studies of identification and vibration control are conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that the adopted method can suppress the vibration significantly, and the strategy is feasible.
Comparison Of The Interferometric Performance For Spaceborne Parasitic SAR Configurations (2002)

The results of an interferometric performance analysis for spaceborne parasitic SAR configurations are presented. The analysis includes errors due to limited SNR, block adaptive quantization, range and azimuth ambiguities, and geometric decorrelation for both flat surfaces and random volumes. Relative height accuracies for three spaceborne configurations with PALSAR, ASAR and TerraSAR-X as illuminators are derived and compared.
Acceleration of Recursive Cross-Correlation PIV Using Multiple GPUs (2011)

A large number of PIV algorithms and systems have been proposed, many of which are highly sophisticated in terms of accuracy and spatial and temporal resolution. However, a general problem with PIV is the time cost to compute vector fields from images, which often imposes specific constraints on the measurement methods. In this paper, focusing on recursive direct cross-correlation PIV with window deformation, which is one of the most popular algorithms for PIV, we propose a technique to accelerate PIV processing using a single Graphics Processing Unit (single-GPU) and multiple GPUs (multi-GPU). In the case of using single-GPU, we show that PIV data can be processed over 100 times faster than using a CPU alone and about 30 PIV image pairs per second can be processed for certain image sizes. The scalability of the algorithm used is also discussed. In the case of using multi-GPU, the image split method and the parallel method of single-GPU-based PIV processing are measured. We show that the effect of multi-GPU can be observed over a certain amount of image data whether either of these two methods is used. Data transfer between CPU and GPUs is shown to be a bottleneck if the number of GPUs used increase.
Structural characterization of InN epilayers grown on r ‐plane sapphire by plasma‐assisted MBE (2012)

Abstract The structural properties of InN films grown on r ‐plane (1 $\bar 1$ 02) sapphire by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) using low temperature buffer layers are studied. Nonpolar a ‐plane (1 $\bar 1$ 20) and semipolar s ‐plane (10 $\bar 1$ 1) films were deposited depending on buffer layer and growth conditions. Single crystalline a ‐plane InN was grown using a GaN buffer layer following sapphire nitridation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations showed three‐dimensional growth and interactions of inclined threading dislocations emanating from the buffer layer. The defect interactions gradually reduced the threading dislocation density. Semipolar s ‐plane was grown when a thin InN buffer layer was employed. The epilayer was found to comprise two s ‐plane variants. Semipolar nucleation directly on the sapphire was observed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)