gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence of skewed X-chromosome inactivation in 47,XXY and 48,XXYY Klinefelter patients (2000)

Klinefelter (47,XXY) syndrome occurs in approximately 1:800 male births and accounts for about 10-20% of males attending infertility clinics. Recent studies have shown no obvious phenotypic differences between subjects in which the extra X-chromosome is of paternal or maternal origin; however, a minority of Klinefelter patients are adversely affected clinically and intellectually to an exceptional level, and the underlying basis of this phenotypic variation is not known. We hypothesize that skewed X-inactivation and possibly parental origin of the X-chromosomes is involved. In this study, we determined parental origin and inactivation status of the X-chromosomes in 17 cytogenetically confirmed 47,XXY cases, two 48,XXYY cases and one mosaic 46,XY/47,XXY case. Eight highly polymorphic markers specific to the X-chromosome and the polymorphic human androgen-receptor (HUMARA) methylation assay were used to determine the parental origin and X-inactivation status of the X-chromosomes, respectively. Overall, 17 cases were fully informative, enabling parental origin to be assigned. In 59% of cases, both X-chromosomes were of maternal origin (Xm); in the remaining 41%, one X was of maternal (Xm) and one was of paternal origin (Xp). In 5 of 16 (31%) cases informative at the HUMARA locus, skewed X-inactivation was observed as defined by greater than 80% preferential inactivation involving one of the two X-chromosomes. The two 48,XmXpYY cases both showed preferential paternal X-chromosome (Xp) inactivation. Three 47,XmXmY cases also showed preferential inactivation in one of the two maternal X-chromosomes. These results suggest that skewed X-inactivation in Klinefelter (47,XXY and 48,XXYY) patients may be common and could explain the wide range of mental deficiency and phenotypic abnormalities observed in this disorder. Further studies are warranted to examine the role of X-inactivation and genetic imprinting in Klinefelter patients.
Identity of a Phytophthora species attacking raspberry in Europe and North America (1993)

Severe root rot of raspberry is caused in Europe and North America by a homothallic, non-papillate Phytophthora sp., which has been identified by different investigators as P. erythroseptica, P. fragariae or as a highly pathogenic variant of P. megasperma. Two collections of such highly pathogenic raspberry isolates from Europe and North America were compared with recognized specimens of the three above named species, which were originally isolated from potato, loganberry and strawberry, and a variety of perennial host plants, respectively. All such raspberry isolates, regardless of previous identification, formed an essentially homogeneous group with respect to colony and growth characteristics, the production and morphology of gametangia, the morphology and dimensions of sporangia, electrophoretic banding patterns of mycelial proteins and pathogenicity. They were readily distinguishable from recognized isolates of P. erythroseptica and P. megasperma with respect to cultural, morphological, and electrophoretic criteria. In contrast, they were very similar to isolates of P. fragariae from strawberry (and a single isolate from loganberry) although the two groups could be separated by differences in growth rate on some agar media, production of oospores in culture, and small differences in electrophoretic banding patterns, as well as in pathogenicity. It was concluded that the raspberry isolates should be assigned to P. fragariae, but that they should be given a subspecific epithet at the varietal level to distinguish them from strawberry isolates of the species i.e. P. fragariae var. rubi.
Long noncoding RNAs: a potent source of regulation in immunity and disease (2015)

The discovery of functional long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) coupled with the ever-increasing accessibility of genomic and transcriptomic technology has led to an explosion of functional and mechanistic investigation and discovery into what was once dismissed as junk DNA. Over the past decade, a significant number of lncRNAs have been found to be involved in a diverse array of processes: from epigenetic modulation, both repressive and activating; to protein scaffolding; to miRNA sequestration; to competitive inhibition; and more. The broad character of these mechanisms means that lncRNAs have the potential for regulation across all biological processes-not least of which are immunity and disease. A number of lncRNAs operating within these two contexts have already been identified and characterized, but untold more remain yet to be discovered. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of research on lncRNAs involved in immune modulation and disease, with an emphasis on their mechanism and discovery.
Geography, raciology, and the naming of oceania (2011)

This paper revives the original, early nineteenth-century French usage of the term Oceania which encompasses New Holland, Van Diemen's Land, and the Malay or Indian Archipelago together with the Pacific Islands, New Guinea, and New Zealand. The paper correlates the history of mapping with the history of ideas about human difference and alludes to the imprints on both of encounters with specific places and people during scientific voyages. Focussing on English and especially French materials, I investigate how Europeans' exploration, mapping, and naming of Oceania and its regions eventually became entangled with racial classifications of the inhabitants as Malay, Papuan, Oceanic Negro, Melanesian, Polynesian, or Micronesian. I then consider cartographic manifestations of the ultimate subsumption of contests over geography and race within the politics of colonial rivalry. By decentring Europe, the approach adopted extends the production zone of geographical, cartographic, anthropological, and colonial knowledge beyond the metropoles and into Oceania itself.
대학생의 응급처치 지식수준 실태 조사 (2003)

【This study tries to examine the level of safety consciousness and first aid knowledge of 124 college students who attend non-public health departments in Gwangju from April 1 to 30, 2003 and apply the results of the study to curriculum. The results of this study are as follows; 1. On experiences of need of first-aid, 87.5% of respondents said 'yes' and there was a significant difference in the number of their siblings( $x^2$ = 7.4 7.482, p = .048). 2. Sources of education of first aid were mostly at school(46.8%), no education(23.4%), through mass communication(22.6%) and by themselves(7.3%). There were significant differences by characteristics in sex( $x^2$ = 30. 30.230, p = .000), year( $x^2$ = 10. 10.821, p = .013) and mother's education( $x^2$ = 18. 18.932, p = .025). 3. Sources of information of first aid were mostly through TV(46.8%), followed by others (42.7%), newspapers(7.3%) and magazines(3.2%). 4. On the opinions of the most suitable period for educating first aid, elementary school was highest(41.9%), followed by kindergarten(29.0%), middle school(21.0%) and high school (8.1%) and there were significant difference by characteristics of subjects in sex( $x^2$ =9.68 9.689, p= .021) and year( $x^2$ =19.6 19.661, p= .000). 5. Score of knowledge level of safety consciousness was mean $71.58{\pm}12.05$ based on Likert 5-point scale with a full mark of 100 points and there was a significance only in current residence of subjects' general characteristics(F or t=3.894, p=.023). 6. Score of knowledge level of first aid was mean $62.73{\pm}13.29$ based on Likert 3-point scale with a full mark of 90 points and there was a significance only in residential type of subjects' general characteristics(F or t=3.058, p= .031). Although college students felt needs of first aid more than middle and high school students, it was found that their actual safety consciousness and knowledge level of first aid were low. Therefore, knowledge and ability should be developed to save human life from all kinds of emergencies and safety accident and first aid subjects should be separated in college curriculum and opportunity for actual education should be given.】
Transient Noise Reduction Using Nonlocal Diffusion Filters (2010)

Enhancement of speech signals for hands-free communication systems has attracted significant research efforts in the last few decades. Still, many aspects and applications remain open and require further research. One of the important open problems is the single-channel transient noise reduction. In this paper, we present a novel approach for transient noise reduction that relies on non-local (NL) neighborhood filters. In particular, we propose an algorithm for the enhancement of a speech signal contaminated by repeating transient noise events. We assume that the time duration of each reoccurring transient event is relatively short compared to speech phonemes and model the speech source as an auto-regressive (AR) process. The proposed algorithm consists of two stages. In the first stage, we estimate the power spectral density (PSD) of the transient noise by employing a NL neighborhood filter. In the second stage, we utilize the optimally modified log spectral amplitude (OM-LSA) estimator for denoising the speech using the noise PSD estimate from the first stage. Based on a statistical model for the measurements and diffusion interpretation of NL filtering, we obtain further insight into the algorithm behavior. In particular, for given transient noise, we determine whether estimation of the noise PSD is feasible using our approach, how to properly set the algorithm parameters, and what is the expected performance of the algorithm. Experimental study shows good results in enhancing speech signals contaminated by transient noise, such as typical household noises, construction sounds, keyboard typing, and metronome clacks.
Photochemical (PUVA) treatment of isolated rat islets. (1984)

Isolated rat islets were irradiated with long-wave ultraviolet light alone or in combination with the photosensitizer 8-methoxypsoralen. The influences on specific beta cell functions were determined with the aim of finding out experimental conditions which allow the use of such islets for transplantation. Short-term effects: Ultraviolet light affected [3H]leucine incorporation into (pro)insulin (5 J/cm2: 53.8%, 10 J/cm2: 41.0% of the controls) and insulin release was slightly reduced. 8-methoxypsoralen enhanced the irradiation effect. Long-term effects: A restoration of irradiation-affected beta cell function was detected after 5 days of culture unless the dose exceeded 2 J/cm2 (0.1 microM 8-methoxypsoralen) or 1 J/cm2 (1 microM 8-methoxypsoralen). After functional restoration islets can be used for transplantation experiments.
On the Hopping Loss in MIMO Decode-and-Forward Cooperative Relaying (2017)

Multi-hop relaying is well known to extend the range of wireless communications. However, the end-to-end performance of the multi-hop relaying channel degrades compared to that observed at the first hop. This performance degradation mainly arises due to: 1) half-duplex loss and 2) hopping or relaying loss. In this paper, we analyze the degradation in outage probability and ergodic capacity due to hopping loss in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) dual-hop decode-and-forward relaying network over Rayleigh fading channels. In particular, we characterize analytically the performance degradation by deriving closed-form approximations of ergodic capacity and outage probability in the single-source single-relay single-user, single-source multiple-relay single-user, and single-source single-relay multiple-user topologies. These approximations also provide insights on how to overcome performance degradations due to hopping loss. Moreover, we show that cooperative relaying schemes can recover a significant portion of the hopping loss.
Microstructural Properties of Cement Paste and Mortar Modified by Low Cost Nanoplatelets Sourced from Natural Materials (2018)

Nanomaterials have been widely used in cement-based materials. Graphene has excellent properties for improving the durability of cement-based materials. Given its high production budget, it has limited its wide potential for application in the field of engineering. Hence, it is very meaningful to obtain low cost nanoplatelets from natural materials that can replace graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) The purpose of this paper is to improve the resistance to chloride ion penetration by optimizing the pore structure of cement-based materials, and another point is to reduce investment costs. The results illustrated that low cost CaCO₃ nanoplatelets (CCNPs) were successfully obtained under alkali treatment of seashell powder, and the chloride ion permeability of cement-based materials significantly decreased by 15.7% compared to that of the control samples when CCNPs were incorporated. Furthermore, the compressive strength of cement pastes at the age of 28 days increased by 37.9% than that of the plain sample. Improvement of performance of cement-based materials can be partly attributed to the refinement of the pore structure. In addition, AFM was employed to characterize the nanoplatelet thickness of CCNPs and the pore structures of the cement-based composites were analyzed by MIP, respectively. CCNPs composite cement best performance could lay the foundation for further study of the durability of cement-based materials and the application of decontaminated seashells.
Scaled Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles (2020)

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) provide therapeutic effects in many diseases. Contrary to initial hypotheses, they act in a paracrine rather than a cellular manner. To this end, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been found to mediate the therapeutic effects, even when harvested from MSC-conditioned cell culture supernatants. Lacking self-replicating activity and being so small that MSC-EV preparations can be sterilized by filtration, EVs provide several advantages as therapeutic agents over cellular therapeutics. At present, methods allowing EV preparation from larger volumes are scarce and regularly require special equipment. We have developed a polyethylene glycol-based precipitation protocol allowing extraction of EVs from several liters of conditioned medium. MSC-EVs prepared with this method have been successfully applied to a human graft-versus-host disease patient and to several animal models. Although the method comes with its own limitations, it is extremely helpful for the initial evaluation of EV-based therapeutic approaches. Here, we introduce the technique in detail and discuss all critical steps. © 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of MSC-conditioned medium for scaled MSC-EV production Basic Protocol 2: PEG precipitation OF MSC-EV from MSC-conditioned medium.
A note on "optical motions as information for unsigned depth." (1981)

Farber and McConkie have questioned whether optical (or retinal) flows provide a basis for the accurate perception of relative distance (or filled depth, in Gibson, Gibson, Smith, & Flock's terms). Some of the analysis Farber and McConkie present is incorrect. In this article I identity some of the fallacies and discuss issues relevant to these fallacies. The critique does not concern the experiments presented by Farber and McConkie but rather the underlying analysis that culminated in the experiments.
Extended State Observer-Based Sliding-Mode Control for Three-Phase Power Converters (2016)

This paper proposes an extended state observer (ESO) based second-order sliding-mode (SOSM) control for three-phase two-level grid-connected power converters. The proposed control technique forces the input currents to track the desired values, which can indirectly regulate the output voltage while achieving a user-defined power factor. The presented approach has two control loops. A current control loop based on an SOSM and a dc-link voltage regulation loop which consists of an ESO plus SOSM. In this work, the load connected to the dc-link capacitor is considered as an external disturbance. An ESO is used to asymptotically reject this external disturbance. Therefore, its design is considered in the control law derivation to achieve a high performance. Theoretical analysis is given to show the closed-loop behavior of the proposed controller and experimental results are presented to validate the control algorithm under a real power converter prototype.
New Approach for the Removal of Metal Ions from Water: Adsorption onto Aquatic Plants and Microwave Reaction for the Fabrication of Nanometals. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Viscosity/Concentration Relationships for Emulsions (1989)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Rajinder Pal, Edward Rhodes; Viscosity/Concentration Relationships for Emulsions. J. Rheol. 1 October 1989; 33 (7): 1021–1045. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.550044 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
PZT-Actuated and -Sensed Resonant Micromirrors with Large Scan Angles Applying Mechanical Leverage Amplification for Biaxial Scanning (2017)

This article presents design, fabrication and characterization of lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-actuated micromirrors, which enable extremely large scan angle of up to 106° and high frequency of 45 kHz simultaneously. Besides the high driving torque delivered by PZT actuators, mechanical leverage amplification has been applied for the micromirrors in this work to reach large displacements consuming low power. Additionally, fracture strength and failure behavior of poly-Si, which is the basic material of the micromirrors, have been studied to optimize the designs and prevent the device from breaking due to high mechanical stress. Since comparing to using biaxial micromirror, realization of biaxial scanning using two independent single-axial micromirrors shows considerable advantages, a setup combining two single-axial micromirrors for biaxial scanning and the results will also be presented in this work. Moreover, integrated piezoelectric position sensors are implemented within the micromirrors, based on which closed-loop control has been developed and studied.
A high-capacity cell macroencapsulation system supporting the long-term survival of genetically engineered allogeneic cells (2013)

The rapid increase in the number of approved therapeutic proteins, including recombinant antibodies, for diseases necessitating chronic treatments raises the question of the overall costs imposed on healthcare systems. It is therefore important to investigate alternative methods for recombinant protein administration. The implantation of genetically engineered cells is an attractive strategy for the chronic long-term delivery of recombinant proteins. Here, we have developed a high-capacity cell encapsulation system for the implantation of allogeneic myoblasts, which survive at high density for at least one year. This flat sheet device is based on permeable polypropylene membranes sealed to a mechanically resistant frame which confine cells seeded in a tailored biomimetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel matrix. In order to quantitate the number of cells surviving in the device and optimize initial conditions leading to high-density survival, we implant devices containing C2C12 mouse myoblasts expressing a luciferase reporter in the mouse subcutaneous tissue. We show that initial cell load, hydrogel stiffness and permeable membrane porosity are critical parameters to achieve long-term implant survival and efficacy. Optimization of these parameters leads to the survival of encapsulated myogenic cells at high density for several months, with minimal inflammatory response and dense neovascularization in the adjacent host tissue. Therefore, this encapsulation system is an effective platform for the implantation of genetically engineered cells in allogeneic conditions, which could be adapted to the chronic administration of recombinant proteins.
Identification of an Elicitor Active Site within the Three-Dimensional Structure of the Tobacco Mosaic Tobamovirus Coat Protein (1996)

Zenobia F. Taraporewala, James N. Culver, Identification of an Elicitor Active Site within the Three-Dimensional Structure of the Tobacco Mosaic Tobamovirus Coat Protein, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 2 (Feb., 1996), pp. 169-178
Gamma heavy chain disease in man: translation and partial purification of mRNA coding for the deleted protein. (1978)

Lymphoid cells obtained from the peripheral blood of a patient with heavy chain disease have been established in long-term culture. They continue to produce a protein antigenically identical to the deleted gamma3 heavy chain disease protein found in the patient's serum. The availability of the cell line has made it possible to analyze the mRNA coding for this protein. The primary in vitro translation product is 1500-2000 daltons larger than the polypeptide portion of the cytoplasmic or secreted protein and has methionine at the amino terminus. The mRNA sediments at 15.5 S on sucrose gradients and therefore appears to be smaller than the 17S message coding for normal-sized mouse gamma chains. It contains a base sequence that codes for a hydrophobic amino-terminal peptide not found in the cytoplasmic protein. There was no evidence for the synthesis of translatable light chain message by these cells. The present data suggest that this protein results from a primary somatic genetic event that gave rise to a cell product bearing a normal aminoterminus sensitive to limited proteolytic digestion. The serum protein thus appears to begin in the hinge region but, in fact, contains a normal heavy chain initiation site.
Protonenpumpenhemmer für den Intensivpatienten (2018)

Stressassozierte gastrointestinale Mukosaveränderungen sind eine wichtige Komplikation in der Intensivmedizin. Protonenpumpenhemmer (PPI) haben einen herausragenden Stellenwert in der Behandlung und Prophylaxe von säureassoziierten Mukosaschäden. Die Wertigkeit von PPI in der Prophylaxe von stressassozierten Mukosaveränderungen ist noch unklar. Obwohl PPI sehr gut verträglich sind, müssen Nebenwirkungen wie ein erhöhtes Infektionsrisiko, Nierenschäden, Wechselwirkungen mit Medikamenten, Elektrolytverschiebungen und Störungen der Mikrobiomzusammensetzung in Betracht gezogen werden.
Differential regulation of cell functions by CSD peptide subdomains (2013)

Cav-BC retains most of the anti-fibrotic functions of CSD; Cav-A exhibits certain pro-fibrotic functions. Results obtained with subdomains and mutated versions of CSD further suggest that the critical functional residues in CSD depend on the cell type and readout being studied. Monocytes may be more sensitive to versions of CSD than fibroblasts and endothelial cells because the baseline level of caveolin-1 in monocytes is much lower than in these other cell types.
Optimal size selection of the classic laryngeal mask airway by tongue width-based method in male adults (2014)

The tongue width-based method is a convenient and efficacious alternative for selecting an optimal cLMA size in male adults.