gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transgressive segregation for reduced glucosinolate content in Brassica carinata A. Braun (2006)

Abstract Successful commercial utilization of the meal by‐product of Brassica oilseed crops requires the cultivation of cultivars with low glucosinolate (GSL) content in the seeds; however, such cultivars are not yet available in Brassica carinata . The objective of the present research was to search for transgressive segregants with further‐reduced GSL content in the progeny of crosses involving four B. carinata lines with reduced GSL content (90 compared with 120 μ mol/g seed in standard germplasm). The four lines were crossed following a diallel design and F 2 phenotypes (F 3 seed bulked) were analysed for GSL content. F 2 phenotypes with a transgressive GSL content lower than the parents were identified in all crosses involving the line S2–1241, suggesting that this line carries alleles for reduced GSL content not present in the other lines. F 3 : 4 lines from transgressive F 2 phenotypes were evaluated for 2 years, which resulted in the selection of an F 3 : 4 line with an average GSL content of 58 and 46 μ mol/g seed, respectively compared with 84 and 62 μ mol/g seed, respectively in S2–1241.
Autodissemination of a Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Baculovirus under Laboratory Conditions (1997)

Basic aspects of autodissemination of SeMNPV for suppression of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) were investigated. Talc was the most effective carrier among 6 viral formulations tested. The corrected mean viral-induced mortality for progeny from mating pairs in which only the male was surface-contaminated with viral talc dust was 24.2%. The higher transmission efficiency produced using talc may be attributable to its better adhesion. Egg chorion consumed by a hatching larva averaged 5.7% of the egg surface area. Combined with known dose-mortality value, we estimated that 18 occlusion bodies per egg were required to obtain LD80 for hatching larvae. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that most treated eggs had some observable polyhedra on the chorion. Polyhedra were concentrated on the upper hemisphere of the eggs and along the ridged surfaces of the chorion, particularly at the rosette where they would most likely be ingested during eclosion. SeMNPV produced significantly higher mortality among F1 progeny from mating pairs with both partners contaminated than from mating pairs with single partners contaminated. Male-contaminated parents were almost as effective in transovum transmission as female-contaminated parents. In serial matings, SeMNPV induced mortality in progeny up to the 4th mating. SeMNPV induced much higher mortality via horizontal transmission among cohorts when hatched larvae from the same egg mass were reared together.
Adsorptive behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coal-conversion wastewaters. Six months progress report (1981)

A coupled column system was designed and assembled for use in solubility and adsorption testing. This system consists of a saturated solution generation column and an adsorption column. The generation column has been employed successfully to determine the solubility behavior of naphthalene; for nine determinations at 25 /sup 0/C the aqueous solubility is 32.9 +- 1.2 milligrams per liter. However, adsorption isotherm data obtained from the coupled column system involved techniques which are limited by time constraints and accuracy. Batch adsorption shake testing using the generation column to prepare solutions offers an acceptable alternative to this sytem. This procedure has been employed to obtain adsorption isotherm data for naphthalene. Thirty-one data points were obtained for equilibrium concentrations from 0.00689 to 18.8 milligrams per liter. These data can be fitted to the Freundlich equation with constant values of 263 for the coefficient and 0.39 for the exponent. Adsorption and adsorption isotherm models which are more appropriate than the Freundlich equation for purposes of detailed modelling are reviewed.
Research at Predominantly Two-Year Campuses of Penn State (2016)

This chapter describes undergraduate research conducted at three Pennsylvania State University satellite campuses which do not offer a chemistry degree. An overview of both the challenges and the strategies associated with conducting research, most of it collaborative, on these two-year campuses is presented. Included in this chapter is a summary of the varied undergraduate projects that provide students an opportunity to obtain valuable research experience that will provide a solid foundation when they transfer to a degree-granting campus. Among the three authors, 29, 200+, and 43 undergraduates from the Abington, Brandywine, and Schuylkill campuses, respectively, have participated in research. The projects described, most of which are ongoing, have to date resulted in peer-reviewed publications with undergraduate co-authors from Abington (6), Brandywine (35), and Schuylkill (26) campuses. Undergraduate coauthors have reported that their published work has been a major topic in their interviews at professional schools or jobs that sets them apart from their peers. The majority of the students at these three campus locations are from low to middle-income socio-economic backgrounds, many of whom are first-generation college students. Approximately twenty percent of the students conducting research are minorities, and approximately fourteen percent of the undergraduate co-authors are minorities. The projects, which range in focus from synthetic organic chemistry, pedagogical methodologies, and chemical history, have proven useful to the students in furthering their career goals while enabling faculty to meet research expectations at these two-year campuses.
Pore-to-regional-scale Integrated Characterization Workflow for Unconventional Gas Shales (2012)

In the early 1970s, most exploration geologists in the United States considered subeconomic or marginally economic petroleum resources such as coalbed methane, shale gas, and tight-gas sands as unconventional resources (Law and Curtis, 2002). Tax incentives and federally funded research beginning in the late 1970s helped make these resources economically viable in the last two decades of the 20th century. Economics aside, two important geologic attributes characterize most unconventional petroleum resources (Law and Curtis, 2002). Conventional petroleum systems are buoyancy-driven accumulations found in structural or stratigraphic traps, whereas most unconventional systems exist independent of a water column and are generally not found in structural or stratigraphic traps.Shale reservoirs are not new. The first commercial hydrocarbon production in the United States was from a well drilled in 1821 in a shale gas reservoir. By 2000, more than 28,000 wells had been drilled in shale gas reservoirs. Rising gas prices and technological advancements in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing associated with the development of the Barnett Shale led to a boom in shale gas development in the early years of the 21st century. Now the exploitation of shale reservoirs is turning to natural gas liquids, condensate, and oil. Far from being isotropic and homogeneous, as once naively envisioned, shale reservoirs are complexly layered accumulations of fine-grained sediment. Geologic variation on scales ranging from that of stratal architecture to that of lamination within individual beds must be understood in order to locate and exploid areas of higher production within shale reservoirs. Shale reservoirs remain largely geologic plays - notmerely lease plays or strictly engineering plays made possible by improvements in drilling and completion technology.
Measurement of absorption spectrum of deuterium oxide (D2O) and its application to signal enhancement in multiphoton microscopy at the 1700-nm window (2016)

1700-nm window has been demonstrated to be a promising excitation window for deep-tissue multiphoton microscopy (MPM). Long working-distance water immersion objective lenses are typically used for deep-tissue imaging. However, absorption due to immersion water at 1700 nm is still high and leads to dramatic decrease in signals. In this paper, we demonstrate measurement of absorption spectrum of deuterium oxide (D2O) from 1200 nm to 2600 nm, covering the three low water-absorption windows potentially applicable for deep-tissue imaging (1300 nm, 1700 nm, and 2200 nm). We apply this measured result to signal enhancement in MPM at the 1700-nm window. Compared with water immersion, D2O immersion enhances signal levels in second-harmonic generation imaging, 3-photon fluorescence imaging, and third-harmonic generation imaging by 8.1, 24.8, and 24.7 times with 1662-nm excitation, in good agreement with theoretical calculation based on our absorption measurement. This suggests D2O a promising immersion medium for deep-tissue imaging.
Surveillance for highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza virus in synanthropic wildlife associated with poultry farms during an acute outbreak (2016)

In November 2014, a Eurasian strain H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was detected in poultry in Canada. Introduced viruses were soon detected in the United States and within six months had spread to 21 states with more than 48 million poultry affected. In an effort to study potential mechanisms of spread of the Eurasian H5 virus, the United States Department of Agriculture coordinated several epidemiologic investigations at poultry farms. As part of those efforts, we sampled synanthropic birds and mammals at five infected and five uninfected poultry farms in northwest Iowa for exposure to avian influenza viruses. Across all farms, we collected 2,627 samples from 648 individual birds and mammals. House mice were the most common mammal species captured while house sparrows, European starlings, rock pigeons, swallows, and American robins were the most commonly captured birds. A single European starling was positive for Eurasian H5 viral RNA and seropositive for antibodies reactive to the Eurasian H5 virus. Two American robins were also seropositive. No mammal species showed evidence of infection. These results indicate synanthropic species merit further scrutiny to better understand potential biosecurity risks. We propose a set of management practices aimed at reducing wildlife incursions.
Non-radioactive automated sequencing of oligonucleotides by chemical degradation (1988)

A non-radioactive sequencing of fluorescently labelled oligonucleotides by solid-phase chemical degradation is described. Although non-radioactive methods have been reported for the dideoxy chain termination technique, such a method has not yet been developed for the chemical degradation sequencing of DNA fragments. A 21-mer fluorescein labelled M13 sequencing primer was sequenced in an on-line automated system in about 30 minutes. The fluorescent dye and its bond to the oligonucleotide were stable during the chemical reactions used for the base specific degradations. As the sequence is determined on-line during electrophoresis, reloading and running 10 fragments simultaneously allows us to use one gel for sequencing of about 50 different oligonucleotides.
Magnetic Anisotropy and Coercivity in Magneto-Optical Recording Materials (1999)

The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of both amorphous Tb-Fe and crystalline fcc Pt-rich Co-Pt alloys is enhanced by increasing growth temperature, up to the onset of significant bulk atomic mobility (approximately one third of the melting temperature). High growth temperature also stabilizes these materials against subsequent annealing which tends to eliminate the anisotropy. The dependence on growth temperature can be fit with a two-level systems analysis in which the low energy surface state during growth is anisotropic. The source of this low energy state is suggested to be related to surface segregation for the Co-Pt alloys. The anisotropy for both materials shows very little dependence on substrate type, sample thickness, or details of the deposition such as sputtering or e-beam evaporation. Coercivity on the other hand is extremely dependent on microstructure and hence on details of preparation, substrate type, thickness, and crystallographic orientation. For α-Tb-Fe, the dominant mechanism appears to be domain wall pinning by microstructural defects in the bulk of the film, such as columnar microstructure.
Examination of Early-Stage Helium Retention and Release in Dispersion-Strengthened Tungsten Alloys (2023)

Tungsten is the material of choice for plasma-facing components in the divertor region of future nuclear fusion reactors. Exposure to low-energy helium ion irradiation results in microstructural changes as helium is trapped at defects in the tungsten matrix. High-temperature exposure results in the formation of helium bubbles in the subsurface. Dispersion-strengthened tungsten materials are tungsten-based materials with added transition metal carbides to alter the impurity distribution and grain structure. In this work, the thermal release of helium from dispersion-strengthened tungsten is investigated. After irradiation at 1073 K to a 1024 m−2 fluence, thermal desorption spectroscopy was performed to elucidate the helium trapping and desorption behavior. Post-desorption microscopy was performed to correlate the microstructural changes with helium release spectra. The amount of desorbed helium was highest in the 1.1 and 5 wt% alloys, and significantly lower in the 10 wt% alloys. Helium bubbles were observed in the pure tungsten and 1.1 wt% alloys within the tungsten grains. Correlating the composition with helium release spectra revealed the importance of tailoring grain size and oxide vacancy concentrations by varying the dispersoid content on the helium retention and release behavior. These first results of helium desorption from dispersion-strengthened tungsten indicate compositionally dependent retention and reveal the need to examine helium retention in advanced tungsten alloys under reactor-relevant exposure.
Abstract P117: MECHANISMS OF SIGNALING PATHWAYS TRIGGERED BY ANGIOTENSIN I CONVERTING ENZYME IN CHO ECA CELLS TREATED WITH CAPTOPRIL (2022)

Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is a hormonal system associated with hydroelectrolytic homeostasis and blood pressure control. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main and most potent biologically active product in the system, which is produced by the action of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) on Ang I. Dysregulation of RAS is an important factor in the development and progression of cardiovascular/renal diseases and diabetes. Experiments and clinical practice have shown that the use of an ACE inhibitor (ACEi) is an effective treatment to attenuate hypertension and diabetic renal damage. In addition, recently the use of ACEi has also been associated with the activation of signaling pathways thus suggesting that ACE can act as a signal transductional molecule. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the proteins that are differentially regulated when CHO-ECA cells are treated with the ACE inhibitor, captopril. The CHO-ACE cells were cultured in DMEM-SILAC medium in different media: Medium with light chain lysine (LV), medium with heavy chain lysine (P), and control (CT), with DMEM-High Glucose medium. At the 75% confluency, the cells were deprived of serum and then stimulated with captopril (1μM) or vehicle for 2 and 5 minutes (min). CHO-ACE cells were also cultured for the assay analysis of the Kinase Array. ACE activity was determined spectrofluorimetrically using ZPhe-His-Leu as substrate. With the SILAC medium, it was not possible to detect the differently modulated proteins by captopril. The kinase array demonstrated that some signaling pathways were not modulated after Captopril (eg, MSK1/2 and CREB). Other kinases were positively modulated after 2 min stimulation (eg, AMPKa1, HSP27, Akt 1/2/3 T308) and 5 min stimulation (STATa/b, HSP60, b-Catenin) with Captopril. Our screening also has shown that some kinases were negatively modulated following Captopril (eg, p53, PLC-γ1, Pyk2, eNOS). ACE activity in cell lysate group was inexpressive when treated with captopril. Our results expanded the repertoire of kinases modulated by the binding of Captopril to ACE, as well as, the role of ACE as a receptor and the modulation of signaling pathways triggered by this binding, which may imply in the treatment of hypertension.
Completely video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy versus open lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer greater than 5 cm: a retrospective study. (2012)

Completely video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy was similar to open lobectomy in safety, completeness, and efficacy, but had a shorter operative duration, and reduced bleeding. This is a minimally invasive procedure that is feasible for a subset of non-small-cell lung cancer patients with tumor size > 5 cm.
Effects of University-Industry-Government collaboration on National Capacity of Innovation (2015)

From an innovation perspective, collaboration between the different actors in a national innovation system (NIS) is imperative. Our concern is whether the Triple Helix idea of collaboration between ...
Getting in and Staying Alive: Role for Coronin 1 in the Survival of Pathogenic Mycobacteria and Naïve T Cells (2018)

There are many different pathogenic stimuli that are able to activate the immune system, ranging from microbes that include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites to host-derived triggers such as autoantigens that can induce autoimmunity as well as neoantigens involved in tumorigenesis. One of the key interactions shaping immunity toward these triggers involves the encounter of antigen-processing and -presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells with T cells, resulting in immune responses that are highly selective for the antigenic trigger. Research over the past few years has implicated members of the coronin protein family, in particular coronin 1, in responses against several pathogenic triggers. While coronin 1 was initially described as a host factor allowing the intracellular survival of the pathogen <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, subsequent work showed it to be a crucial factor for naïve T cell homeostasis. The activity of coronin 1 in allowing the intracellular survival of pathogenic mycobacteria is relatively well characterized, involving the activation of the Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calcineurin pathway, while coronin 1's role in modulating naïve T cell homeostasis remains more enigmatic. In this mini review, we discuss the knowledge on the role for coronin 1 in immune cell functioning and provide a number of potential scenarios <i>via</i> which coronin 1 may be able to regulate naïve T cell homeostasis.
Composite Beam Element with Layerwise Plane Sections (1994)

Based on generalized laminate plate theory (GLPT), the formulation of a one‐dimensional laminated beam finite element with layerwise constant shear (BLCS) is presented. BLCS formulation is equivalent to a first‐order shear deformation beam theory (Timoshenko beam theory) on each layer, and a cross section of the beam therefore does not necessarily remain plane through the laminate but only through each layer. Plane stress is assumed through both the thickness and width of the beam in the constitutive equation for a lamina. Details are presented for transforming the layerwise constant shear stresses obtained from constitutive relations into parabolic shear stress distributions. The layerwise representation of in‐plane displacement through the thickness results in the formulation of a relatively simple beam element. Numerical analyses are presented for a three‐node BLCS element integrated with two Gauss points. The accuracy of the element is evaluated by comparing the predictions to elasticity and experimental results.
Effect of heat-treatment temperature on post-buckling behavior of a tape-shaped Ti-Ni shape memory alloy for a passive vibration isolator. (2018)

Ti-Ni shape memory alloy (SMA) system is well known as a functional material which shows the shape memory effect and superelasticity. It is reported that the tape-shaped Ti-Ni SMA shows the negative stiffness during post-buckling deformation, the tape-shaped Ti-Ni SMA is expected to be an effective vibration isolator for small devices. On the oyher hands, the tape-shaped Ti-Ni SMA does not show the negative stiffness during post-buckling deformation depending on \ the variation of heat-treatment and a environmental temperature condition. Then, in this study, the effect of heat-treatment temperature on the post-buckling behavior of the tape-shaped Ti-Ni shape memory alloy is investigated. The chemical composition of alloy used in this study is Ti-50.2at%Ni. The specimen is a liner tape-shaped 0.45mm in thickness, 7.0mm in width and 30mm in length. The sample is memorized to have a liner shape by heat-treatment. The heat-treatment temperature is varied from 573K to 723K for 3.6ks. The mechanical properties and buckling characteristic of heat-treated specimens are measured by the tensile-test and buckling-test at a constant temperature varide from 303K to 323K. Results of the experiments, it is clear that the tape-shaped Ti-Ni specimen shows negative stiffness during post-buckling deformation at the temperature around the Af temperature.
Phase Composition, Structure, and Hydrolytic Durability of a Uranium-Containing Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Compound (2018)

Uranium-containing samples of magnesium potassium phosphate (MPP) compound were synthesized using a nitric acid uranium solution. Uranium is incorporated in the MPP compound in the form of potassium uranyl phosphate with the structure of metaankoleite natural mineral, K(UO2)PO4·3H2O. The differential and integral uranium leach rates, determined in accordance with GOST (State Standard) R 52 126–2003 on the 28th day of contact of the compound with water, are 1.7 × 10–6 and 2.7 × 10–6 g cm–2 day–1, respectively, and the degree of leaching is 0.014%. High hydrolytic durability of the compound with respect to uranium leaching reduces the risk of release of uranium isotopes from radioactive waste into the environment.
FEM-based time-reversal enhanced ultrasonic cleaning (2021)

Pipe fouling is a challenging problem in many industrial applications. Current cleaning techniques require halting the production during the cleaning phase and the existing methods are unable to do targeted cleaning, even though fouling is often localized to certain areas inside the pipeline. To address this issue, we use FEM-simulated, time-reversed signals to focus ultrasound power onto a pre-determined location: a fouled pipe residing inside a Plexiglas container. Ultrasound cleaning with similar acoustic power was compared to the time-reversal enhanced method in terms of cleaning efficiency. The cleaning efficiency was determined by measuring how much fouling, by mass, both protocols removed from the surface of a Plexiglas pipe, using similar input electric power and equal cleaning time. Our results indicate that the proposed time-reversal-based technique removes three times more fouling than the standard ultrasound cleaning without focusing. The study extends our previous paper on FEM-based time-reversal focusing [1].