gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Dielectric Performance of Polymer Composite Films Induced by a Percolating Interparticle Barrier Layer (2007)

Polymer composites containing hybrid particles with an organic carbonaceous shell coating on Ag cores were prepared by low-cost solution processing. A stable high dielectric constant κ and low dielectric loss tan δ (see figure) were observed because of percolating interparticle barrier layers provided by the core/shell particles.
TRUNK ROADS IN ENGLAND: THE CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ROUTINE MAINTENANCE (1984)

At present, the Department of Transport divides its road maintenance programme into three general categories - structural, winter and routine maintenance. The operational management of the first two categories is sufficiently well covered by departmental standards and advice notes, management notices and, in the case of winter maintenance, a code of practice, therefore adequately consistent operation is achieved. This is not the situation however for routine maintenance, although the need for consistency across the department's trunk road network is just as real. Routine maintenance includes a wide range of different activities and it was concluded that the best way to achieve a consistent approach would be to implement a code of practice. The code would set out the operational requirements of the secretary of state thus providing a fixed basis for the implementation and management of the work by those who undertake it on his behalf. The paper gives the historical background and justification to the code of practice and describes its scope, the preparatory work and contents. It concludes with an indication of the future use of the code. For the covering abstract of the seminar see TRIS 450808. (TRRL)
Towards light semantic processing for Question Answering (2003)

The paper presents a lightweight knowledge-based reasoning framework for the JAVELIN open-domain Question Answering (QA) system. We propose a constrained representation of text meaning, along with a flexible unification strategy that matches questions with retrieved passages based on semantic similarities and weighted relations between words.
The challenges towards energy-efficient cognitive radio networking (2014)

The Cognitive Radio (CR) technology is envisioned as a primary solution to the spectrum scarcity problem in future wireless communication networks. Cognitive radio networking allows the exploitation of unutilized spectrum in an opportunistic manner, and thereby, improves the efficiency of the spectrum utilization. Cognitive radio Networks (CRNs) provide wireless connectivity via heterogeneous wireless architectures and dynamic spectrum access techniques. The enabling technologies and the benefits of CR and CRNs have received significant research and industry interest. However, the energy efficiency of such technologies has received far less interest. In this paper, we shed the light on the move towards energy-efficient CRN that fits the global vision of green communication networks.
The nominal capacity of wireless mesh networks (2003)

Wireless mesh networks are an alternative technology for last-mile broadband Internet access. In WMNs, similar to ad hoc networks, each user node operates not only as a host but also as a router; user packets are forwarded to and from an Internet-connected gateway in multihop fashion. The meshed topology provides good reliability, market coverage, and scalability, as well as low upfront investments. Despite the recent startup surge in WMNs, much research remains to be done before WMNs realize their full potential. This article tackles the problem of determining the exact capacity of a WMN. The key concept we introduce to enable this calculation is the bottleneck collision domain, defined as the geographical area of the network that bounds from above the amount of data that can be transmitted in the network. We show that for WMNs the throughput of each node decreases as O(1/n), where n is the total number of nodes in the network. In contrast with most existing work on ad hoc network capacity, we do not limit our study to the asymptotic case. In particular, for a given topology and the set of active nodes, we provide exact upper bounds on the throughput of any node. The calculation can be used to provision the network, to ensure quality of service and fairness. The theoretical results are validated by detailed simulations.
CD70 is expressed on renal cell carcinoma and is a potential target for tumor cell elimination by antibody-drug conjugates (2004)

625 CD70 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily and a type II integral membrane glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 50 kDa. Under physiological conditions, the expression of CD70 is restricted to recently activated T and B lymphocytes. Binding of CD70 to its ligand, CD27, co-stimulates proliferation and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes. On transformed cells, CD70 is expressed by malignant B cells and virally infected lymphocytes, Hodgkin’s disease cells, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, meduloblastoma, and glioblastoma. To further explore the possibility that CD70 may be expressed by other tumor types, we probed a Cancer Profiling Array (CPA) with the 3’ untranslated region of the CD70 transcript. Over-expression of CD70 transcripts (tumor:normal ratio of ≥ 2-fold) was observed in 9 of 20 cases of kidney cancer; all 9 cases were classified as renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RT-PCR and real-time PCR analysis conducted on RNA from independent primary tumor isolates confirmed CD70 transcript over-expression in RCC. Northern analysis revealed a 0.8 kb CD70 message from RCC cell lines, similar in size to the CD70 message expressed in hematopoietic cells. Expression of CD70 protein on RCC was demonstrated by flow cytometric analysis on RCC cell lines and immunohistochemistry staining on fresh frozen RCC tissue isolates. To explore the potential utility of CD70 as a target for antibody-based therapy for RCC, we constructed an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), 1F6-vcAFP, consisting of a p-phenylenediamine (P) derivative of the anti-mitotic agent auristatin F (AF) conjugated onto the anti-CD70 mAb 1F6 via a valine-citrulline (vc) dipeptide linker. 1F6-vcAFP mediated potent cytotoxicity in CD70-expressing RCC lines, suggesting that CD70 can internalize ADCs and direct them to the appropriate subcellular compartment for drug release. Cultured normal renal epithelial cells and CD70-negative cells were refractive to 1F6-vcAFP treatments, confirming the selectivity of 1F6-vcAFP in targeting transformed renal cells. In an in vivo model of RCC using Caki-1 cells xenografted as subcutaneous tumors in nude mice, 1F6-vcAFP exerted potent antitumor activity. In summary, our findings demonstrate that CD70 constitutes a new RCC-associated surface antigen that may be suitable for therapeutic targeting by antibody-drug conjugates.
Compensation of shallow impurities in oxygen-doped metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy grown GaAs (1996)

Intentional oxygen incorporation, using diethyl aluminum ethoxide [(C2H5)2AlOC2H5] during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy GaAs was found to compensate C and Zn shallow acceptors as well as Si and Se shallow donors, due to the oxygen-related multiple deep levels within the GaAs band gap. Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) was used to characterize the energy levels associated with these oxygen deep centers. The total measured trap concentration from DLTS can account for the observed compensation in n-type GaAs:O. The total trap concentration in p-type GaAs:O, however, was found to be lower than the observed compensation by a factor of ∼100. These oxygen deep centers exhibit multiple electronic states which have been associated with the local number of Al nearest neighbors and the microscopic structure of the defect. The concentration and nature of these deep levels were not influenced by the chemical identity of the shallow dopants.
Determinants of outcome after intensified therapy of childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: results from Medical Research Council United Kingdom acute lymphoblastic leukaemia XI protocol (2001)

The single most important prognostic determinant in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is effective therapy and changes in therapy may influence the significance of other risk factors. The effect of intensified therapy on the importance of currently recognized phenotypic and genotypic determinants of outcome was assessed in 2090 children enrolled on the Medical Research Council United Kingdom acute lymphoblastic leukaemia XI (MRC UKALL XI) protocol. Treatment allocation was not determined by risk factors. Multivariate analysis confirmed the dominant influence on prognosis of age, sex and presenting white cell count (WCC). After allowing for these features, blast karyotype, d 8 marrow blast percentage and remission status at the end of induction therapy were the only remaining significant predictors of outcome. Organomegaly, haemoglobin concentration, French--American--British type, body mass index, presence of central nervous system disease at diagnosis, immunophenotype and presence of TEL/AML1 fusion gene (examined in a subset of 659 patients) either had no significant effect on outcome or were significant only in univariate analysis. Among karyotype abnormalities with an independent influence on prognosis, high hyperdiploidy (> 50 chromosomes) was shown to be favourable, whereas near haploidy (23--29 chromosomes), presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, t(4;11) and abnormalities affecting the short arm of chromosome 9 [abn (9p)] were adverse risk factors. Early responders to therapy, determined by residual marrow infiltration after 8 d of induction therapy, had a good outcome, while the small proportion of patients who did not achieve a complete remission by the end of induction therapy had a poor outcome. A third block of late intensification was shown to improve event-free survival by 8% at 5 years. The effect of these risk factors was not significantly different between those randomized to the third intensification block and those not randomized to a third block.
Nanoscale Electrokinetics and Microvortices: How Microhydrodynamics Affects Nanofluidic Ion Flux (2011)

When a direct current (DC) electric field is applied across an ion-selective nanoporous membrane or a nanochannel with an overlapping Debye layer, a surprising microvortex instability occurs on the side of the membrane/channel through which counterions enter. Despite its micro and nano length scales, this instability exhibits all the hallmarks of other classical hydrodynamic instabilities—a subharmonic cascade, a wide-band fluctuation spectrum, and a coherent structure dominated by spatiotemporal dynamics. Moreover, the resulting convection enhances the ion flux into the ion-selective medium and gives rise to an overlimiting-current bifurcation in the current-voltage relationship. This hydrodynamically driven nonequilibrium ion flux does not seem to have any equivalent in cell membrane ion channels. Yet, by introducing asymmetric entrances to provide different polarized regions and/or viscous arrest of the vortex instability, one can fabricate a hydrodynamic nanofluidic diode. With other modifications, hysteretic, excitable, and oscillatory ion flux dynamics could also be elicited—all with strong hydrodynamic features.
Inhibition of p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase by the Diketonitrile of Isoxaflutole:  A Case of Half-Site Reactivity (2000)

p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) catalyzes the formation of homogentisate from p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and molecular oxygen. In plants, this enzyme is the molecular target of new families of very active bleaching herbicides. In the study presented here, we report for the first time on the purification to homogeneity of a plant enzyme, as obtained from recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing a cDNA encoding carrot HPPD. The purified enzyme allowed us to carry out a detailed characterization of the inhibitory properties of a diketonitile (DKN), the active inhibitor formed from the benzoylisoxazole herbicide isoxaflutole. Inhibition kinetic analyses confirmed that DKN exerts a slow and tight-binding inhibition of HPPD, competitive with respect to the p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate substrate. The stoichiometry of DKN binding to HPPD determined by kinetic analyses or by direct binding of [(14)C]DKN revealed a half-site reactivity of DKN.
Cost-Aware Design and Simulation of Electrical Energy Systems (2020)

One fundamental dimension in the design of an electrical energy system (EES) is the economic analysis of the possible design alternatives, in order to ensure not just the maximization of the energy output but also the return on the investment and the possible profits. Since the energy output and the economic figures of merit are intertwined, for an accurate analysis it is necessary to analyze these two aspects of the problem concurrently, in order to define effective energy management policies. This paper achieves that objective by tracking and measuring the energy efficiency and the cost effectiveness in a single modular framework. The two aspects are modeled separately, through the definition of dedicated simulation layers governed by dedicated virtual buses that elaborate and manage the information and energy flows. Both layers are simulated concurrently within the same simulation infrastructure based on SystemC-AMS, so as to recreate at runtime the mutual influence of the two aspects, while allowing the use of different discrete time scales for the two layers. Thanks to the tight coupling provided by the single simulation engine, our method enables a quick estimation of various cost metrics (net costs, annualized costs, and profits) of any configuration of EES under design, via an informed exploration of the alternatives. To prove the effectiveness of this approach, we apply the proposed strategy to two EES case studies, we explored various management strategies and the presence of different types and numbers of power sources and energy storage devices in the EES. The analysis proved to allow the identification of the optimal profitable solutions, thereby improving the standard design and simulation flow of EES.
Effect of propargyl bromide and 1,3-dichloropropene on microbial communities in an organically amended soil (2003)

Abstract In this study we investigated the response of microbial communities in unamended and manure-amended soil treated with the fumigants propargyl bromide (PBr) and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D). The soil fumigants were applied at a rate of 10, 100, and 500 mg kg(-1). After treatment of the soils, the metabolic activity was assessed by monitoring the dehydrogenase activity (DHA). PBr and 1,3-D initially inhibited the DHA when applied at 500 mg kg(-1); however, after 8 weeks, recovery of the DHA only occurred in amended soil. Bacterial community level changes were monitored over a 12-week period after fumigation using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rDNA fragments. Band numbers were drastically reduced upon application of the fumigants, but reestablished more rapidly in the amended soil. To determine changes in the community diversity, the Shannon-Weaver index of diversity, H, was calculated for all treatments. In unamended and amended soil, the community diversity decreased with increasing fumigant concentration. In the PBr-treated soils, the diversity was higher in amended soil at all concentrations throughout the study, while in the 1,3-D treatments, the results were mixed. At 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after fumigation, major bands were excised from the gels and the DNA was cloned for sequence analysis. The bacterial communities in the fumigated amended soils were dominated by Streptomyces spp., other genera of actinomycetales, including Frankia, Cytophagales, Actinomadura, and Geodermatophilus, and a number of unidentified bacteria. Our results suggest that it may be feasible to reduce the impact of fumigant pesticides on soil microbial populations by stimulating microbial community structure, diversity and activity through the addition of organic amendments.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of acetaminophen overdose with immediate release, extended release and modified release formulations (2022)

Acetaminophen ER and MR formulations have slower absorption and decreased bioavailability leading to a lower <i>C</i><sub>max</sub> and later <i>T</i><sub>max</sub> than the IR formulation. These results have potential clinical implications because delayed absorption could confound use of the Rumack-Matthew nomogram by underestimating the severity of ingestion early in the course of treatment.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Based Scaffold Preparation for the Production of Thin, Branched DNA Origami Nanostructures of Arbitrary Sizes (2009)

Designs for DNA origami have previously been limited by the size of the available single-stranded genomes for scaffolds. Here we present a straightforward method for the production of scaffold strands having various lengths, using polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by strand separation via streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. We have applied this approach in assembling several distinct DNA nanostructures that have thin ( approximately 10 nm) features and branching points, making them potentially useful templates for nanowires in complex electronic circuitry.
Synthesis of Atomically Thin <inline-formula><tex-math>${\bf MoS}_{\bf 2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Triangles and Hexagrams and Their Electrical Transport Properties (2014)

Atomically thin molybdenum disulfide <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math>$({\rm MoS}_{2})$</tex-math></inline-formula> triangles and hexagrams were prepared by a two-step growth ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) process. Molybdenum Trioxide <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math>$({\rm MoO}_{3})$</tex-math></inline-formula> nanobelts, a few microns in length and width, were prepared using a hydrothermal technique and utilized as the starting material. High temperature treatment of the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math>${\rm MoO}_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> nanobelts followed by a rigorous sulfurization via APCVD processing provided different morphologies of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math>${\rm MoS}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> monolayers and bilayer (BL) sheets. Triangle and hexagram morphologies were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) measurements, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The regrowth step in the CVD process was proven to be ideal in enlarging the grain size. PL and Raman spectroscopy and AFM results confirmed the presence of monolayer and BL regions in the regrowth growth process. Triangle and hexagram domains are observed to be cooperatively nucleating and coalescing together to form large-area layers. Furthermore, the electrical transport properties of the synthesized <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math>${\rm MoS}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> layers were studied. Electron mobility based on back gated field effect transistors was measured to be approximately 0.02 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math>${\rm cm}^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> /V. S.
WISE design of indoor wireless systems: practical computation and optimization (1995)

Designing a low-power system for wireless communication within a building might seem simple. Not so-walls can affect signal strength in ways that are hard to calculate. The paper considers how AT&T's WISE software uses CAD, computational geometry, and optimization to quickly plan where to place base-station transceivers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Dual-Channel 23-Gbps CMOS Transmitter/Receiver Chipset for 40-Gbps RZ-DQPSK and CS-RZ-DQPSK Optical Transmission (2012)

This paper describes a dual-channel 23 (20 to 27) Gbps chipset designed in a 40-nm CMOS process for 40 Gbps differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) optical transmission. The transmitter has a 2-tap FIR filter and generates two channels of full-rate data. Data outputs exhibit 10 ps rise/fall times, 0.2 ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> RJ, 0.8 ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> DJ, and a ±0.5 UI skew adjustment relative to the full-rate and half-rate clock outputs. The receiver has two 20-27-Gbps input channels, with each channel including a peaking filter, decision threshold adjustment, and 1-tap loop-unrolled DFE. It achieves a 7- mV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ppd</sub> input sensitivity and a 0.7-UI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> high-frequency jitter tolerance. The transmitter and receiver dissipate 0.63 and 1.2 W, respectively.
A Scalable Encryption Scheme for Multi-Privileged Group Communications (2010)

Security issues in multi-privileged group communications containing multiple data streams are rather difficult to solve, as there are multiple access privileges among users. Traditional key management schemes use a key graph to manage all the keys in a group, which makes one key being shared by many users resulting in the "one-affect-many" problem. In a key-policy attribute-based encryption (KP-ABE) system, a ciphertext is labeled with a set of attributes and users' keys are associated with access policies, so that a ciphertext can be decrypted by multiple users when the attributes associated with the ciphertext satisfy an access policy in the users' keys. However, KP-ABE can not achieve a scalable revocation mechanism when applied to multi-privileged group communications. In this paper, we propose a scalable encryption scheme for multi-privileged group communications (EMGC), which uniquely combines a collusion resistant broadcast encryption system and a KP-ABE system with a non-monotone access control. Using our scheme, a user can not only join/leave a group at will, but also change his access privilege on demand, while requiring a small number of re-keying operations. Therefore, our scheme, which can accommodate a dynamic group of users, is more applicable to multi-privileged group communications.
Studying synthetic lethal interactions in the zebrafish system: insight into disease genes and mechanisms (2011)

The post-genomic era is marked by a pressing need to functionally characterize genes through understanding gene-gene interactions, as well as interactions between biological pathways. Exploiting a phenomenon known as synthetic lethality, in which simultaneous loss of two interacting genes leads to loss of viability, aids in the investigation of these interactions. Although synthetic lethal screening is a powerful technique that has been used with great success in many model organisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, this approach has not yet been applied in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Recently, the zebrafish has emerged as a valuable system to model many human disease conditions; thus, the ability to conduct synthetic lethal screening using zebrafish should help to uncover many unknown disease-gene interactions. In this article, we discuss the concept of synthetic lethality and provide examples of its use in other model systems. We further discuss experimental approaches by which the concept of synthetic lethality can be applied to the zebrafish to understand the functions of specific genes.