gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reference bias in reports of drug trials. (1987)

Articles published before 1985 describing double blind trials of two or more non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis were examined to see whether there was any bias in the references they cited. Althogether 244 articles meeting the criteria were found through a Medline search and through examining the reference lists of the articles retrieved. The drugs compared in the studies were classified as new or as control drugs and the outcome of the trial as positive or not positive. The reference lists of all papers with references to other trials on the new drug were then examined for reference bias. Positive bias was judged to have occurred if the reference list contained a higher proportion of references with a positive outcome for that drug than among all the articles assumed to have been available to the authors (those published more than two years earlier than the index article). Altogether 133 of the 244 articles were excluded for various reasons--for example, 44 because of multiple publication and 19 because they had no references. Among the 111 articles analysed bias was not possible in the references of 35 (because all the references gave the same outcome); 10 had a neutral selection of references, 22 a negative selection, and 44 a positive selection--a significant positive bias. This bias was not caused by better scientific standing of the cited articles over the uncited ones. Thus retrieving literature by scanning reference lists may produce a biased sample of articles, and reference bias may also render the conclusions of an article less reliable.
Neuroticism and Sense of Coherence (1996)

The relationship of scores on sense of coherence with measures of personality traits was assessed using the 29-item Orientation to Life Questionnaire and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. In one group of 95 mixed-sex students scores on Neuroticism bore a highly negative relationship with scores on sense of coherence. Findings support the current literature that health questionnaires may indirectly measure Neuroticism and that personality variables play an important role in general health.
Dichotomy in FcγRIIB deficiency and autoimmune-prone SLAM haplotype clarifies the roles of the Fc receptor in development of autoantibodies and glomerulonephritis (2014)

The present results clarify the roles of RIIB in preventing production and/or accumulation of a small amount of ANAs, and development of glomerulonephritis. The combined effects of RIIB deletion and pathogenic SLAM can lead to severe lupus nephritis in the B6 genetic background.
Automatic cardiac MR image segmentation using edge detection by tissue classification in pixel neighborhoods (1997)

A highly sensitive edge detector has been developed that uses tissue classification of pixels based on analysis of data in their local neighborhoods. In conjunction with recursive region growing, it has been used successfully to define regions of interest (ROI) when applied specifically to gradient echo MR images of the heart. The detector adapts to nonuniformity by carrying out an independent analysis at each location. If two tissues are present in a neighborhood and the pixel at that location cannot be classified with the seed pixel, a region edge has been crossed and recursion is stopped. No geometric assumptions relating to object shape such as definition of a region center and radial search are required. The detector was applied to multi-slice, multi-phase images of the heart from 26 subjects. A segmentation strategy specified slice processing order, graded ROIs, and used successfully detected ROIs to guide subsequent detection. Segmentation of all images resulted in a 90.3% median edge pixel detection efficiency.
Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Response of Ba(NO3)2/Al2O3 Nanocomposite (2020)

This work presents second-order nonlinear optical investigations of Ba(NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> crystalline nanocomposite. Studied sample was obtained by crystal growth in nanoporous Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> membrane. Nonlinear optical studies were characterized by means of second harmonic generation via Maker fringe method and by SHG surface imaging. Additionally, surface of studied crystalline nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Fresh Water Algae Euglena on the Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Breast Muscle of Broiler Chickens (2004)

A feeding trial was conducted with Euglena strains grown under different media. The effect of supplementation of Euglena on the performance, nutrient availability and fatty acid composition of breast muscle was studied. In experiment I, two hundred ten hatched broiler chicks (Ross) were assigned to seven dietary treatments for 5 weeks. Each treatment consisted of 3 replications with 10 birds each. Control diet was formulated to have CP and 3,150 kcal ME/kg for starter diet, CP and 3,200 kcal ME/kg for finisher diet. Euglena gracilis Z. (EG) was added to control diet at the plevel of 0.25, 0.5, and Euglena gracilis Z. bleached and DHA enriched (EGBD; a strain mutated by streptomycin and cultivated in DHA enriched medium) at the level of 0.5, 1.0, in the diet. In experiment 2, two hundred fifty hatched broiler chicks (Ross) were assigned to five dietary treatments: T1; Control, T2; T1 + Euglena gracilis Z. DHA enriched (EGD; cultivated in DHA enriched medium) , T3; T1 + EGD , T4; T1 + EGBD , T5; T1 + EGBD . The weight gain and feed consumption were measured weekly. Fatty acid composition of breast muscle was determined. In experiments I and 2, Euglena supplementation had no significant effects on weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. In experiment 1, EGBD treatments significantly increased DHA concentration but decreased concentration of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in breast muscle. EGBD 2% treatment showed the highest DHA concentration (14.27%) which is 3.9 times of that of the control (). In experiment 2, EGBD treatment showed highest EPA, lignoceric acid and DHA level in breast muscle (P
Tighter Perceptron with improved dual use of cached data for model representation and validation (2009)

Kernel perceptrons are represented by a subset of training points, called the support vectors, and their associated weights. To address the issue of unlimited growth in model size during training, budget kernel perceptrons maintain the fixed number of support vectors and thus achieve the constant update time and space complexity. In this paper, a new kernel perceptron algorithm for online learning on a budget is proposed. Following the idea of tighter perceptron, upon exceeding the budget, the algorithm removes the support vector with the minimal impact on classification accuracy. To optimize memory use, instead on maintaining a separate validation data set for accuracy estimation, the proposed algorithm only uses the support vectors for both model representation and validation. This is achieved by estimating posterior class probability of each support vector and using this information in validation. The experimental results on 11 benchmark data sets indicate that the proposed algorithm is significantly more accurate than the competing budget kernel perceptrons and that it has comparable accuracy to the resource unbounded perceptrons, including the original kernel perceptron and the tighter perceptron that uses whole training data set for validation.
DETAILED VIBRONIC SPECTRA OF NAPHTHALENE IN BIPHENYL CRYSTAL; HINDERED ROTATION OF GUEST MOLECULE. (1969)

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan
3D Bioprinting Hydrogel for Hard Tissue Regeneration (2021)

Hard tissue defects have always been a major problem in clinical practices that plague humans because of population aging or injury. In the meantime, 3D bioprinting has increasingly gained tremendous progresses over the past decade in the field of biomedical engineering because of the ability to fabricate rapidly individualized tissue constructs and precise geometry designability. With the development of solvent-free, water-based systems, biomaterials, especially hydrogel-based bioink, could be directly bioprinted into scaffolds or tissue constructs utilizing 3D bioprinting, and cells could be cultivated and proliferated on the bioprinted scaffolds, further for the subsequent transplantation in clinical practice. And, the foremost biocompatible materials employed in existing 3D bioprinting method are hydrogels, which could be laden with different cell types and easily synthesized from natural polymers. In this chapter, the properties, structures and applications of 3D bioprinted hydrogel scaffolds for hard tissue including cartilage and bone are reviewed in conjunction with recent advances. And the current limitations such as low mechanical properties, poor stabilities and printability are presented, as well as the corresponding improved methods. We finally conclude with prospects about 3D bioprinting in hard tissue regeneration.
Incident‐Polarization‐Independent Spin Hall Effect of Light Reaching Half Beam Waist (2022)

Abstract The spin Hall effect of light (SHEL), a spin‐dependent transverse splitting of light at an optical interface, is intrinsically an incident‐polarization‐sensitive phenomenon. Recently, an approach to eliminate the polarization dependence by equalizing the reflection coefficients of two linear polarizations has been proposed, but is only valid when the beam waist is sufficiently larger than the wavelength. Here, it is demonstrated that an interface, at which the reflection coefficients of the two linear polarizations are the same and so are their derivatives with respect to the incident angle, supports the polarization‐independent spin Hall shift, even when the beam waist is comparable to the wavelength. In addition, an isotropic–anisotropic interface that exhibits the polarization‐independent spin Hall shift over the entire range of incident angles is presented. Monte‐Carlo simulations prove that spin Hall shifts are degenerate under any polarization and reach a half of beam waist under unpolarized incidence. An application of the beam‐waist‐scale SHEL as a tunable beam‐splitting device that is responsive to the incident polarization is suggested. The spin Hall shift that is independent of the incident polarization at any incident angle will facilitate a wide range of applications including practical spin‐dependent devices and active beam splitters.
Genetics of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Vitamin D Receptor Gene Variation Affects Both Vitamin D Serum Concentration and Disease Susceptibility (2018)

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a multifactorial and common disorder affecting 10-17% of men and 3-9% of women. A low vitamin D serum concentration has been reportedly linked to OSAS susceptibility, but the underlying molecular genetic mechanisms are poorly understood thus far. We report here original findings on the ways in which vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphic variation (FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI polymorphisms) impacts serum vitamin D concentration and, additionally, susceptibility to OSAS. In a sample of 176 consecutive subjects (144 patients with OSAS and 32 healthy controls) phenotyped by full polysomnography (PSG), we characterized human genetic variation in VDR using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. A logistic regression analysis was employed to account and correct for covariates such as sex, age, body mass index, and comorbidities. Importantly, we observed that the FokI CC genotype frequency was markedly higher in patients with OSAS compared with controls (50.7% vs. 28.1%; p = 0.027). VDR FokI polymorphism explained 14.5% of vitamin D serum concentration variability. Moreover, the VDR FokI polymorphism was also associated with excessive daytime sleepiness (p = 0.016). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical genetics study examining the role of VDR polymorphic variation on OSAS as phenotyped using full PSG. We call for further studies of vitamin D-related mechanisms that might contribute to OSAS risk in independent populations.
Complexity and Flexibility in Information Systems Design and Implementation (2017)

In this issue, we publish two interesting research papers in the area of public-sector IS implementation and software development.The first paper, "Government IS Implementation: A Framework for Stakeholder Orientation", presents the stakeholder perspective to unfold the dynamics among organizational stakeholder orientation in a complex IS implementation project.Through a single casestudy involving a two-year public-section IS implementation project, the author used a grounded theory approach to analyze data and found four major dimensions of organizational stakeholder orientation related to IS-implementation practices: 1) responsibility, 2) paternalism, 3) neoclassical, and (4) strategic.The paper adds theoretical insights into the management of stakeholder orientation during IS implementations for achieving successful outcomes.The second paper, "A Platform-Based Design Approach for Flexible Software Design", proposes a flexible component design approach that can result in increasing the level of reuse among domain-specific components.While past studies have recognized the operational and strategic benefits of reusable components in software development, reuse levels remain limited in practice.To address this problem, the authors apply a design approach to propose a platform-based component design method, which they then evaluated in multiple scenarios.The paper provides a novel approach to combine generic and reusable components together with more specific plug-ins for improving software components' reuse opportunities.
Synthesis and Characterization of [1]Benzopyrano[4,3-d][1,3]benzooxazocin-13-one and its Derivatives (2006)

This work describes the efficient synthesis of functionalized cleft molecules 6, 6a, 16, 16a, 17, 19 and 20 derived from benzopyrano[4,3-d][1,3]benzooxazocin-13-one. X-ray crystal structure analysis of compounds 6a and 16a revealed that the cleft angles of the planes of the benzopyran moiety and the p-methoxybenzene ring are 109.4° and 108.6°, respectively. The conformation of the aromatic ring at the bridgehead of 16, 16a and 20 is restricted by the gem-dimethyl groups on the C-9 position and the methyl group on the nitrogen atom in the ring.
Slowdown of the wave packages in finite slabs of periodic medias (2004)

Abstract A simple mathematical model is provided for a description of wave propagation through finite slabs of periodic media. The model concerns the devices of CROW (coupled resonators optical waveguide) type which are widely discussed in physical literature in the last several years. An incident pulse is considered, whose frequency is distributed in a small neighbourhood of a singular frequency for which the dispersion relation of the medium is very flat, and the group velocity (for the infinite medium) is small. It is proved that only a small part of the energy of the pulse propagates with the speed of light. Another part of the energy propagates with the group velocity. The price to pay for this slowdown is the reflection of the majority of the energy of the incident pulse.
A multi-emitter location method based on DOA by position information field (2013)

To deal with the fusion failure problem of multiple location points in case of multiple emitters, a new location method by position information field (PIF) is presented. Firstly, the location precision by measuring two-dimensional directions is analyzed, and the covariance matrix of position error is deduced. Then, through the choice of different kernel functions the emitter PIF function is constructed. The position and number of emitters are estimated through grid searching technique. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the method on multi-emitter location and better location performance of the Gaussian type kernel function.
Autonomous exploration: driven by uncertainty. (1994)

Passively accepting measurements of the world is not enough, as the data we obtain is always incomplete, and the inferences made from it uncertain to a degree which is often unacceptable. If we are to build machines that operate autonomously they will always be faced with this dilemma, and can only be successful if they play amuch more active role. This paper presents such a machine. It deliberately seeks out those parts of the world which maximize the delity of its internal representations, and keeps searching until those representations are acceptable. We call this paradigm autonomous exploration, and the machine an autonomous explorer. This paper has two major contributions. The rst is a theory that tells us how to explore, and which con rms the intuitive ideas we have put forward previously. The second is an implementation of that theory. In our laboratory we have constructed a working autonomous explorer and here for the rst time show it in action. The system is entirely bottom-up and does not depend on any a priori knowledge of the environment. To our knowledge it is the rst to have successfully closed the loop between gaze planning and the
Wind plant collector system fault protection and coordination (2010)

This paper presents a summary of the most important protection and coordination considerations for wind power plants. Short-circuit characteristics of both aggregate wind plant and individual wind turbine generators, as well as general interconnection protection requirements are discussed. Many factors such as security, reliability, and safety are considered for proper conservative protection of the wind power plant and individual turbines.
Resource allocation scheme for device-to-device communication underlying LTE downlink network (2012)

Future cellular networks such as IMT-Advanced are expected to allow Device-to-Device (D2D) communication as an underlay. During the downlink period, both of the D2D receiver and cellular user will suffer from interference caused by radio resource sharing. In this paper, a joint resource allocation and resource reuse scheme is investigated, in which resource allocation to cellular users is employed on proportional fair algorithm and resource reuse to D2D users is employed on a greedy heuristic algorithm. The greedy heuristic algorithm determines the D2D mode is appropriate or not by path loss comparison, then decreases the interference to cellular user by selection of the minimum channel gain between cellular user and D2D transmitter each time. System simulations in two different scenarios demonstrate that sum throughput of cellular user and D2D pair is improved using the proposed scheme, and the interference to cellular user is under control.
Development of an in-vitro model system to investigate the mechanism of muscle protein catabolism induced by proteolysis-inducing factor (2002)

The mechanism of muscle protein catabolism induced by proteolysis-inducing factor, produced by cachexia-inducing murine and human tumours has been studied in vitro using C(2)C(12) myoblasts and myotubes. In both myoblasts and myotubes protein degradation was enhanced by proteolysis-inducing factor after 24 h incubation. In myoblasts this followed a bell-shaped dose-response curve with maximal effects at a proteolysis-inducing factor concentration between 2 and 4 nM, while in myotubes increased protein degradation was seen at all concentrations of proteolysis-inducing factor up to 10 nM, again with a maximum of 4 nM proteolysis-inducing factor. Protein degradation induced by proteolysis-inducing factor was completely attenuated in the presence of cycloheximide (1 microM), suggesting a requirement for new protein synthesis. In both myoblasts and myotubes protein degradation was accompanied by an increased expression of the alpha-type subunits of the 20S proteasome as well as functional activity of the proteasome, as determined by the 'chymotrypsin-like' enzyme activity. There was also an increased expression of the 19S regulatory complex as well as the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2(14k)), and in myotubes a decrease in myosin expression was seen with increasing concentrations of proteolysis-inducing factor. These results show that proteolysis-inducing factor co-ordinately upregulates both ubiquitin conjugation and proteasome activity in both myoblasts and myotubes and may play an important role in the muscle wasting seen in cancer cachexia.
Bright electrochemiluminescent films of efficient aggregation-induced emission luminogens for sensitive detection of dopamine (2019)

Bright and tunable ECL solid films are fabricated based on AIE luminogens for rapid and sensitive detection of dopamine.
Spin-resolved electron spectroscopies of epitaxial magnetite (001) (abstract) (1996)

We will present the first spin-resolving electron spectroscopic studies of a magnetite (Fe3O4)(001) surface. Magnetite is a semimetal with a high density of states in the minority band, but a large band gap in the majority states at the Fermi energy. The polarization of the secondary emission cascade is measured using spin-resolved secondary electron emission spectroscopy (SRSEES), and reflects the semimetallic spin structure of Fe3O4. The polarization plateau of spin-resolved secondary emission (29.8%) matches the average 3D band polarization of stoichiometric Fe3O4 as determined from spin-resolved band structure calculations (34.2%). An enhancement of the polarization of the secondary electrons at lowest energies will also be discussed. Spin-resolved Auger emission spectroscopy (SRAES) of the Fe3O4 films have been measured and show correlation effects in the valence-valence Auger transitions. Suppressed intensity and polarization of M23M45M45 Auger emission relative to M1M45M45 Auger emission is observed, as well as strong resonant emission with shake-up. Conversely, no spin polarization is detected in the spin-resolved oxygen LMM Auger features, although oxygen Auger emission (in which we can distinguish between adsorbed and bonded oxygen) is used to verify surface cleanliness of the samples. The synthesis of Fe3O4 films grown on magnesium oxide (001) substrates using oxygen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy will be discussed, as will thin-film characterization using SQUID magnetometry and x-ray and electron diffraction. A unique angle-, energy-, and spin-resolved electron spectrometer has been designed and built for the study of magnetic surfaces, and these studies represent its’ first use. That spectrometer is based on a tandem configuration of an energy-dispersive energy analyzer and Mott spin polarimeter.