gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photonic crystal fibres with large nonlinear coefficients (2003)

We investigate the upper limits on the nonlinear coefficients obtainable in various silica-based photonic crystal fibre designs. For a fixed wavelength, the highest nonlinearities are found to occur when a substantial part of the field energy resides in air. The case of a silica strand in air is found to constitute an upper bound on the nonlinear coefficients obtained; however, all the designs investigated allow nonlinear coefficients larger than 50% of this limiting value. On the other hand, the choice of fibre design is found to have a significant influence on the dispersion properties.
Simulation of the ion tearing instability in the presence of a background plasma (1983)

A comparison is made between two classes of Vlasov equilibria with respect to the ion tearing mode instability. The first class is that of a current sheet in equilibrium with a vacuum (Harris type). The second class is that of a current sheet in equilibrium with a magnetized background plasma. The comparison is made via a simple magnetoinductive simulation involving ions alone. We find that the presence of the background species has several dramatic effects: The linear growth rates are affected, the tearing mode can be stabilized or destabilized by the background plasma, and the exchange of energy between particles and fields is affected. In particular, the saturation wave energy level of the tearing instability can be either enhanced or reduced by a factor of 10 from the Harris type depending on the depth of the penetration of the background particles into the neutral sheet.
Additional Anuran and Saurian Records for Phuket, South Thailand (2003)

A total of nine new herpetofaunal records are reported for Phuket island, including five anurans (Ansonia malayana, Microhyla heymonsi, Megophrys parva, Limnonectes macrognathus, Taylorana hascheana) and four saurians (Acanthosaura armata, Draco taeniopterus, Cyrtodactylus oldhami, Mabuya macularia), all supported with voucher specimens. This brings the total number of amphibian and lizard species for the island to 26 and 27 respectively.
Small Intestinal Perforation due to Cytomegalovirus Infection in Patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (1995)

We describe two patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) who suffered cytomegalovirus (CMV)-related small intestinal perforations during the course of chemotherapy. Surgical specimens from both patients revealed histologic evidence of occlusive vasculitis and tissue destruction caused by CMV-affected cells in the submucosa and muscular walls, that may have played an important role in the pathogenesis of these perforations. Although such intestinal perforations are rare complications in NHL patients, CMV infection should be recognized as a primary etiological factor in acute abdominal crises when treating NHL patients with pharmaceutical agents including steroids. Emergency surgery and the anti-CMV agent, ganciclovir, would improve the prognoses of such patients.
Dispersion Behaviors of Wedge Waves Propagating Along Wedges with Bilinear Cross Sections (2006)

Wedge waves (WW) are guided acoustic waves propagating along the tip of a wedge, with energy tightly confined near the apex. Like Lamb waves, wedge waves with displacement field anti-symmetric about the mid-apex-plane are called anti-symmetric flexural (ASF) modes. This study is focused on exploring the dispersion behaviors of ASF modes propagating along a bilinear wedge (BW). A BW is wedge with a cross section of two apex angles, compared with a linear wedge (LW) having a single apex angle. In the literature, many studies regarding to the dispersion behaviors of ASF modes are reported for LW, but not for BW. In this study, a laser ultrasonic technique and finite element simulations are used to investigate the dispersion behavior of BW-ASF modes. It is found out that a BW-ASF mode is a result of mode coupling between the two LW-ASF modes of the same order corresponding to the two apex angles of the BW.
Size Matters (2018)

The Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is designed to handle massive amounts of data, preferably stored in very large files. The poor performance of HDFS in managing small files has long been a bane of the Hadoop community. In many production deployments of HDFS, almost 25% of the files are less than 16 KB in size and as much as 42% of all the file system operations are performed on these small files. We have designed an adaptive tiered storage using in-memory and on-disk tables stored in a high-performance distributed database to efficiently store and improve the performance of the small files in HDFS. Our solution is completely transparent, and it does not require any changes in the HDFS clients or the applications using the Hadoop platform. In experiments, we observed up to 61 times higher throughput in writing files, and for real-world workloads from Spotify our solution reduces the latency of reading and writing small files by a factor of 3.15 and 7.39 respectively.
Directed Diffusion Light: Low Overhead Data Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks (2005)

In this paper we introduce directed diffusion light, a variant of the well-known protocol directed diffusion (DD), which results in significant savings in terms of exchanged control messages and energy consumption, and improvements in network lifetime. Directed diffusion light defines local rules to generate a sparse logical topology over which DD can be run. This decreases the costs associated to the required DD periodic flooding. Ns-2 based simulation results show that, when 300 sensor nodes are deployed over a squared area of side 200 m directed diffusion light is able to increase the network lifetime four times, to halve the average energy consumption, and to reduce the control overhead to one third the one of DD.
Experimental validation of wireless secret key agreement using array antennas (2011)

This paper considers the problem of wireless secret key agreement based on radio propagation characteristics, where two legitimate parties generate and share a secret key by exploiting the radio propagation characteristics between them in the presence of an eavesdropper. We developed an experimental system using array antennas to implement the wireless secret key agreement. In this paper, we present the experimental system and validate basic characteristics that are fundamental for the wireless secret key agreement, such as the reciprocity and position dependence of radio propagation characteristics, with the developed system.
Comparison of plate and screw constructs versus screws only for anterior distal femoral hemiepiphysiodesis in children (2019)

The study aim was to compare methods of anterior distal femoral hemiepiphysiodesis (ADFH) for treatment of fixed knee flexion deformities in ambulatory children with neuromuscular conditions and flexed knee gait. This is a retrospective review of 47 children (14 female, 33 male, age at surgery: 12.1 ± 2.7 years) who underwent ADFH between 2009 and 2016. Subjects were grouped by ADFH construct: one transphyseal screw (N = 11), two transphyseal screws (N = 28) or plates and screws (P/S group, N = 8). Clinical/radiographic variables were analyzed using paired t tests, χ tests, multiple regression and analysis of covariance. Participants experienced significant reduction in knee flexion contractures (Δ12°, P < 0.006), with no difference among groups (P = 0.43). Postoperative knee pain was significantly more prevalent in the P/S group (5/8, 63%) than the 1-SCR group (0/11, 0%) and the 2-SCR group (2/28, 7%) (P = 0.002). ADFH results in significant reduction of knee flexion deformity and improved knee extension during gait. Plate and screw constructs, the 1 and 2 transphyseal screw techniques are equally effective, but plate and screw constructs may be associated with a higher risk of persistent postoperative knee pain.
Enumeration of Likely Gene Networks and Network Motif Extraction for Large Gene Networks (2003)

The reliable estimation of gene networks from gene expression measurements is a major challenge in the field of Bioinformatics. Recently, an algorithm for the optimal estimation of small gene networks within the Bayesian network framework was found [3]. This algorithm was further extended to allow the enumeration of all optimal networks and also suboptimal networks in the order of their likelihood [2]. In this work, we show how this result can be applied to the enumeration of likely gene networks for a large number of genes. Enumerating a number of the most likely gene network models instead of just focusing on the single most likely network model allows to evaluate the reliability of the estimations. If we can find a partial network that is common to most of the likely network models, we can expect this part to be the most reliable part. We denote such common parts as gene network motifs.1
Quantification of tumor morphology via 3D histology: application to oral cavity cancers (2016)

Traditional histopathology quantifies disease through the study of glass slides, i.e. two-dimensional samples that are representative of the overall process. We hypothesize that 3D reconstruction can enhance our understanding of histopathologic interpretations. To test this hypothesis, we perform a pilot study of the risk model for oral cavity cancer (OCC), which stratifies patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk for locoregional disease-free survival. Classification is based on study of hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stained tissues sampled from the resection specimens. In this model, the Worst Pattern of Invasion (WPOI) is assessed, representing specific architectural features at the interface between cancer and non-cancer tissue. Currently, assessment of WPOI is based on 2D sections of tissue, representing complex 3D structures of tumor growth. We believe that by reconstructing a 3D model of tumor growth and quantifying the tumor-host interface, we can obtain important diagnostic information that is difficult to assess in 2D. Therefore, we introduce a pilot study framework for visualizing tissue architecture and morphology in 3D from serial sections of histopathology. This framework can be used to enhance predictive models for diseases where severity is determined by 3D biological structure. In this work we utilize serial H and E-stained OCC resections obtained from 7 patients exhibiting WPOI-3 (low risk of recurrence) through WPOI-5 (high risk of recurrence). A supervised classifier automatically generates a map of tumor regions on each slide, which are then co-registered using an elastic deformation algorithm. A smooth 3D model of the tumor region is generated from the registered maps, which is suitable for quantitative tumor interface morphology feature extraction. We report our preliminary models created with this system and suggest further enhancements to traditional histology scoring mechanisms that take spatial architecture into consideration.
STAT3 signaling drives EZH2 transcriptional activation and mediates poor prognosis in gastric cancer (2016)

Our results indicate that STAT3 status mediated EZH2 upregulation, associated with advanced TNM stage and poor prognosis, suggesting that combination with knockdown of STAT3 and EZH2 inhibitor might be a novel therapy in GC treatment. Collectively, STAT3, p-STAT3 and EZH2 expression were provided for the precision medicine in GC patients.
Effect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Meniscectomy on Length of Career in National Football League Athletes (2009)

A history of meniscectomy, but not ACL reconstruction, shortens the expected career of a professional football player. A combination of ACL reconstruction and meniscectomy may be more detrimental to an athlete's durability than either surgery alone. Further research is warranted to better understand how these injuries and surgeries affect an athlete's career and what can be done to improve the long-term outcome after treatment.
Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 suppresses lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer (2011)

VEGF-C/D are the main factors of lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer. Moreover, TAM plays an important role in these processes by producing VEGF-C/D. The inhibition of lymphangiogenesis could provide another therapeutic target to inhibit lymphatic metastasis and recurrence in patients with invasive bladder cancer.
Retinal Waves Are Governed by Collective Network Properties (1999)

Propagating neural activity in the developing mammalian retina is required for the normal patterning of retinothalamic connections. This activity exhibits a complex spatiotemporal pattern of initiation, propagation, and termination. Here, we discuss the behavior of a model of the developing retina using a combination of simulation and analytic calculation. Our model produces spatially and temporally restricted waves without requiring inhibition, consistent with the early depolarizing action of neurotransmitters in the retina. We find that highly correlated, temporally regular, and spatially restricted activity occurs over a range of network parameters; this ensures that such spatiotemporal patterns can be produced robustly by immature neural networks in which synaptic transmission by individual neurons may be unreliable. Wider variation of these parameters, however, results in several different regimes of wave behavior. We also present evidence that wave properties are locally determined by a single variable, the fraction of recruitable (i.e., nonrefractory) cells within the dendritic field of a retinal neuron. From this perspective, a given local area's ability to support waves with a wide range of propagation velocities-as observed in experiment-reflects the variability in the local state of excitability of that area. This prediction is supported by whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings, which measure significant wave-to-wave variability in the amount of synaptic input a cell receives when it participates in a wave. This approach to describing the developing retina provides unique insight into how the organization of a neural circuit can lead to the generation of complex correlated activity patterns.
The structural basis of transitions between highly ordered smectic phases in semifluorinated alkanes (1989)

Abstract The semifluorinated alkanes F(CF2)10(CH2)9H and F(CF2)10(CH2)11H both undergo a reversible transition between tilted smectic phases above room temperature as demonstrated previously for F(CF2)10(CH2)10H. The transformation on cooling is achieved in two stages: an increase in molecular tilt relative to the layer normal, followed by a change in the molecular interdigitation within each layer. The extent of complete transformation is sensitive to temperature and time, due to strains occasioned by the accompanying volume change, and because the second stage requires significant molecular translations. Characterization of the transformation is possible by transmitted light microscopy, supplemented by X-ray diffraction.
Adherence of Spray‐applied Liquid Digested Sewage Sludge to Tall Fescue (1979)

Abstract Liquid anaerobically digested sewage sludge was spray‐applied on field plots of mowed and unmowed tall rescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb) at rates of 0, 51, and 103 m 3 /ha in mid‐September 1975. Forage samples were periodically cut to a 7‐cm height following rainfall events for 80 days, and again the following spring. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Ni were markedly increased by sludge spraying, with a greater increase at the higher sludge rate. The levels of Fe, Pb, and Cu in samples of healthy plants were so high (37,800 mg Fe, 140 mg Pb, and 115 mg Cu/kg dry forage) that absorption‐translocation by the roots could not have supplied them. The %‐sludge in/on the forage was calculated for each element based on the proportion of increased metal content in/on the forage to the metal content of the sludge. The %‐sludge estimates for six elements were in close agreement, confirming sludge contamination rather than metal uptake from soil. Adhering sludge was not removed by washing in 0.1% Na lauryl sulfate. Adhering sludge comprised 22 to 32% of the forage on the day of application; sludge content decreased with time but was not related to rainfall events (27 cm during 15 days following sludge application). Sludge content declined more rapidly in the mowed treatment, apparently because less forage was contaminated and rapid growth diluted contaminated forage. Sludge was no longer found in/on forage samples grown after spring mowing. Adhering sludge could increase exposure of forage consumers to heavy metals and other sludge constituents.
Enzymatic interesterification of triolein with tripalmitin in canola lecithin‐hexane reverse micelles (1993)

Lipase‐catalyzed interesterification of tripalmitin with triolein in canola lecithin‐hexane reverse micelles allowed for the successful modification of triolein and tripalmitin to yield a fat of intermediate properties between the two initial substrates. Acetone‐insoluble canola lecithin (AIL) reverse micelles containing Rhizopus arrhizus lipase in buffer, or plain 0.1M sodium phosphate buffer of pH 7.0, formed readily in hexane. Both had an average Stokes’ radius of approximately 40Å, as determined by quasielastic light‐scattering determinations. The reverse micelle system was stable and did not form higher‐order micelle oligomers or aggregates. Biotransformation of the triglycerides was performed at 47°C in a 50‐mM AIL‐hexane reverse micelle system containing 50% (w/w) oil at a water‐to‐surfactant ratio (w o ) of 5.5. Dynamic (oscillatory) mechanical analysis indicated that the crystallization temperature of the fat dropped from 47.7 to 37.5°C as judged by the storage (G′) and loss (G″) modulus vs . temperature profiles after 48 h of reaction. Differential scanning calorimetric studies showed that the melting point of the fat dropped from 61 to 57°C after 48 h of reaction. Triglyceride analysis of the fat mixture by gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC) indicated that, after 48 h of reaction, the tripalmitin content dropped from 34.5 to 29% (w/w), the triolein content dropped from 64.5 to 52.1% (w/w) and the 1‐oleyl‐2,3‐dipalmitin content reached 7.5% (w/w) while the 1‐palmitoyl‐2,3‐diolein content reached 7.2% (w/w). 1,2‐Dipalmitoyldiglyceride and 1,2‐dioleyldiglyceride contents reached 1.6 and 2.4% (w/w), respectively, after 48 h. Free fatty acid analysis of the fat mixture by GLC revealed that the free palmitic acid content increased from 0.28 to 2.4% (w/w) while the free oleic acid content increased from 1.4 to 5.4% (w/w) in the initial 24 h, after which the levels remained constant. The relatively high initial free fatty acid content of the mixture was due to free fatty acids present in the canola lecithin and not in the oils. This enzymatic interesterification protocol utilizes, for the first time, an organic solvent commonly used in food processing operations and a food‐grade and inexpensive surfactant that readily forms reverse micelles and yields a modified fat with improved rheological properties for use as an edible plastic fat.
Evaluating Head Gestures for Panning 2-D Spatial Information (2009)

New, often free, spatial information applications such as mapping tools, topological imaging, and geographic information systems are becoming increasingly available to the average computer user. These systems, which were once available only to government, scholastic, and corporate institutions with highly skilled operators, are driving a need for new and innovative ways for the average user to navigate and control spatial information intuitively, accurately, and efficiently. Gestures provide a method of control that is well suited to navigating the large datasets often associated with spatial information applications. Several different types of gestures and different applications that navigate spatial data are examined. This leads to the introduction of a system that uses a visual head tracking scheme for controlling of the most common navigation action in the most common type of spatial information application, panning a 2-D map. The proposed head tracking scheme uses head pointing to control the direction of panning. The head tracking control is evaluated against the traditional control methods of the mouse and touchpad, showing a significant performance increase over the touchpad and comparable performance to the mouse, despite limited practice with head tracking.
Reproducibility of Functional Lung Parameters derived from non-contrast enhanced self-gated 2D Ultrashort Echo-Time (UTE) in Healthy Subjects (2023)

MRI lung imaging is challenging due to cardiac and respiratory motion and the short T2*. In this study the reproducibility of lung function parameters derived from data acquired either from a breath-hold or free-breathing tiny golden angle UTE (2D tyGA UTE) technique have been assessed. Inter-observer and inter-measurement reproducibility was assessed for different lung parameters including lung density and qualitative and quantitative ventilation and perfusion. In general, a very good inter-observer reproducibility and superior reproducibility of the lung function parameters was observed for the free-breathing approach.
LVI-SAM: Tightly-coupled Lidar-Visual-Inertial Odometry via Smoothing and Mapping (2021)

We propose a framework for tightly-coupled lidar-visual-inertial odometry via smoothing and mapping, LVI-SAM, that achieves real-time state estimation and map-building with high accuracy and robustness. LVI-SAM is built atop a factor graph and is composed of two sub-systems: a visual-inertial system (VIS) and a lidar-inertial system (LIS). The two sub-systems are designed in a tightly-coupled manner, in which the VIS leverages LIS estimation to facilitate initialization. The accuracy of the VIS is improved by extracting depth information for visual features using lidar measurements. In turn, the LIS utilizes VIS estimation for initial guesses to support scan-matching. Loop closures are first identified by the VIS and further refined by the LIS. LVI-SAM can also function when one of the two sub-systems fails, which increases its robustness in both texture-less and feature-less environments. LVI-SAM is extensively evaluated on datasets gathered from several platforms over a variety of scales and environments. Our implementation is available at https://git.io/lvi-sam.
In Silico Prediction of Catalytic Oligomerization Degrees (2011)

We have established a predictive theoretical method for the efficient evaluation of the degree of ethylene oligomerization by iron-based bis(imino)pyridine homogeneous catalysts involving a Cossee–Arlman mechanism. A relevant chemical descriptor of the chain growth, following a Schulz–Flory distribution, is identified as the difference of the Gibbs free activation energy for two competitive steps: the insertion of an ethylene molecule into an ethyl iron intermediate and the competitive termination by β-hydrogen transfer. The method is further extended to oligomerization reactions involving a butene monomer.
Tightening Groups of Fasteners in a Structure and the Resulting Elastic Interaction (1998)

Figurelashowsbolt2initiallytightened.Inthiscasethejointconsistsofaboltedflange andgasket.Localcompressionofthejointoccursunderbolt2.Whentheadjacentbolt1is tightened,additionalcompressionofthejointisshowninFigurelb.Thepreloadisreduced inbolt2asshown.Whenbolt3istightened,additionalcompressionofthejointoccurs,with additionallossinpreloadofbolts1and2asshowninFigurelc.
Certified athletic trainers in secondary schools: report of the council on scientific affairs, american medical association. (1999)

Emphasis should be given to ensuring the health, safety, and well-being of participants in high school sports. Whereas most high school sports injuries are minor, adequately trained personnel should be present on site to ensure that such injuries are recognized early, treated immediately, and allowed to heal properly, thereby reducing the risk of more serious injury or reinjury. For such care, team physicians and coaches should have the assistance of a certified athletic trainer.