gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Benzyl Ion (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Security analysis and enhancements of 3GPP authentication and key agreement protocol (2005)

This paper analyzes the authentication and key agreement protocol adopted by Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), an emerging standard for third-generation (3G) wireless communications. The protocol, known as 3GPP AKA, is based on the security framework in GSM and provides significant enhancement to address and correct real and perceived weaknesses in GSM and other wireless communication systems. In this paper, we first show that the 3GPP AKA protocol is vulnerable to a variant of the so-called false base station attack. The vulnerability allows an adversary to redirect user traffic from one network to another. It also allows an adversary to use authentication vectors corrupted from one network to impersonate all other networks. Moreover, we demonstrate that the use of synchronization between a mobile station and its home network incurs considerable difficulty for the normal operation of 3GPP AKA. To address such security problems in the current 3GPP AKA, we then present a new authentication and key agreement protocol which defeats redirection attack and drastically lowers the impact of network corruption. The protocol, called AP-AKA, also eliminates the need of synchronization between a mobile station and its home network. AP-AKA specifies a sequence of six flows. Dependent on the execution environment, entities in the protocol have the flexibility of adaptively selecting flows for execution, which helps to optimize the efficiency of AP-AKA both in the home network and in foreign networks.
Patterns of Uveitis in Patients Admitted to a University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (2010)

The most common anatomic diagnosis was panuveitis. PTU, VKH disease, BD, and toxoplasmosis were the most frequent specific diagnoses.
Experience with deuterium-tritium plasmas heated by high power neutral beams (1997)

The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor has operated since November of 1993 with a deuterium-tritium fuel mixture for selected discharges. The majority of the tritium has been introduced as energetic neutral atoms of up to 120 keV injected by the neutral beam systems, with some of the twelve ion sources run on pure tritium and some on deuterium to optimize the fuel mixture in the core plasma. A maximum beam power of 39.6 megawatts has been injected, and deuterium-tritium fusion power production has reached 10.7 megawatts, achieving central fusion power densities comparable to or greater than those expected for the International Thermonuclear Reactor, and allowing the first studies of fusion-produced alpha particle behaviour in reactor grade plasmas. Energy confinement in deuterium-tritium plasmas is better than in similar deuterium plasmas for most plasma regimes. Innovative techniques to manipulate the plasma current and pressure profiles are permitting studies of enhanced confinement regimes.
Isolation of Xenopus Oocytes (2010)

Xenopus oocytes are obtained from sexually mature females by surgically removing parts of the ovary. The operation is not fatal and can be performed on an anesthetized frog several times during its lifetime. However, a recovery period of 2 wk is recommended between operations. A careful record of all operations performed, including details of oocyte quality, should be kept. A frog that produces one good batch of oocytes; e.g., those that translate injected messenger RNAs (mRNAs) efficiently, should be recorded and used again, because oocyte quality is generally frog-dependent.
Multimodal recognition of reading activity in transit using body-worn sensors (2012)

Reading is one of the most well-studied visual activities. Vision research traditionally focuses on understanding the perceptual and cognitive processes involved in reading. In this work we recognize reading activity by jointly analyzing eye and head movements of people in an everyday environment. Eye movements are recorded using an electrooculography (EOG) system; body movements using body-worn inertial measurement units. We compare two approaches for continuous recognition of reading: String matching (STR) that explicitly models the characteristic horizontal saccades during reading, and a support vector machine (SVM) that relies on 90 eye movement features extracted from the eye movement data. We evaluate both methods in a study performed with eight participants reading while sitting at a desk, standing, walking indoors and outdoors, and riding a tram. We introduce a method to segment reading activity by exploiting the sensorimotor coordination of eye and head movements during reading. Using person-independent training, we obtain an average precision for recognizing reading of 88.9% (recall 72.3%) using STR and of 87.7% (recall 87.9%) using SVM over all participants. We show that the proposed segmentation scheme improves the performance of recognizing reading events by more than 24%. Our work demonstrates that the joint analysis of eye and body movements is beneficial for reading recognition and opens up discussion on the wider applicability of a multimodal recognition approach to other visual and physical activities.
Steel fiber reinforced concrete pipes. Part 1: technological analysis of the mechanical behavior Tubos de concreto reforçado com fibras de aço. Parte 1: análise tecnológica do comportamento mecânico (2012)

This paper is the first part of an extensive work focusing the technological development of steel fiber reinforced concrete pipes (FRCP). Here is presented and discussed the experimental campaign focusing the test procedure and the mechanical behavior obtained for each of the dosages of fiber used. In the second part (“Steel fiber reinforced concrete pipes. Part 2: Numerical model to simulate the crushing test”), the aspects of FRCP numerical modeling are presented and analyzed using the same experimental results in order to be validated. This study was carried out trying to reduce some uncertainties related to FRCP performance and provide a better condition to the use of these components. In this respect, an experimental study was carried out using sewage concrete pipes in full scale as specimens. The diameter of the specimens was 600 mm, and they had a length of 2500 mm. The pipes were reinforced with traditional bars and different contents of steel fibers in order to compare their performance through the crushing test. Two test procedures were used in that sense. In the 1 st Series, the diameter displacement was monitored by the use of two LVDTs positioned at both extremities of the pipes. In the 2 nd Series, just one LVDT is positioned at the spigot. The results shown a more rigidity response of the pipe during tests when the displacements were measured at the enlarged section of the socket. The fiber reinforcement was very effective, especially when low level of displacement was imposed to the FRCP. At this condition, the steel fibers showed an equivalent performance to superior class pipes made with traditional reinforced. The fiber content of 40 kg/m3 provided a hardening behavior for the FRCP, and could be considered as equivalent to the critical volume in this condition.
John Thomas (1914)

John Thomas Get access Ralph Thomas Ralph Thomas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s11-IX, Issue 214, 31 January 1914, Page 87, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s11-IX.214.87a Published: 31 January 1914
Fermentation and Properties of Calcium‐fortified Soy Milk Yogurt (1997)

ABSTRACT Calcium‐fortified soy milk yogurt containing 190 mg calcium/100g was produced and evaluated for textural and microstructural properties. The soy milk base contained 10% full fat soy flour, 2.25% soy protein isolate, 2.75% high fructose corn syrup, 1.55% calcium lactogluconate, and 1.25% potassium citrate. The mixture was heated 5 min at 80°C, cooled to 42°C, and inoculated with yogurt cultures. Calcium‐fortified soy milk required a higher rate of inoculation (5%) than non‐fortified soy milk (2.5%) and had higher titratable acidity and more syneresis. Calciumfortified soy milk yogurts showed comparable gel strength with that of commercial regular yogurt. Gels from nonfortified soy milk yogurts were hard and brittle. Addition of calcium did not significantly affect microstructure of the yogurts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorenones Through Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Acylation of Biarylcarboxylic Acids. (2014)

Abstract Independent from the applied method, transformation of the 4‐bromophenyl benzoic acid analogue of (I) proceeds sluggishly furnishing the corresponding product in low or trace amounts.
Plasma Transport of the 20,000-Dalton Variant of Human Growth Hormone (20K): Evidence for a 20K-Specific Binding Site* (1990)

The 20,000-dalton variant of human GH (20K) is known to circulate in blood, but few details are known about its plasma transport. A substantial portion of 20K appears to be protein bound despite its low affinity for the receptor-related GH-binding protein (BP). We, therefore, investigated the binding pattern of 20K in human plasma. Radioiodinated 20K was incubated with plasma or plasma fractions, and the mixture was fractionated by gel filtration. Saturation/Scatchard analysis was performed with both 20K and 22,000-dalton GH (22K). The majority (approximately 80%) of protein-bound 20K was complexed with a low affinity BP (Ka = approximately 2 x 10(5) M-1), with the remainder complexed with the high affinity2 receptor-related BP. The binding of 20K to the low affinity BP was specific for 20K; it may involve a 20K-specific binding site on the previously described low affinity plasma BP (peak I) or a separate 20K-specific BP. 22K did not interact with this binding site/BP. Analysis of the 20K-BP complex by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing suggested, but did not prove, the existence of a separate BP for 20K. We conclude that 20K in plasma binds primarily to a low affinity, 20K-specific binding site (possibly a new, third GH-BP), with only a small fraction bound to the GH receptor-related BP. This binding pattern is markedly different from that of 22K, which is predominantly bound to the receptor-related BP. The existence of a 20K-specific binding site/BP suggests an as yet unrecognized role for this GH variant.
Special Edition Using Macromedia Director 8.5 with Cdrom (2001)

From the Publisher:
Special Edition Using Director 8.5 is a comprehensive guide to creating and publishing Director movies. In this book you'll find complete coverage of Director 8.5, from advanced issues such as Lingo scripting and multi-user applications to how to employ the hot new feature of the 3D API. This edition includes more coverage of multi-user applications, using 3D media, efficient sprite editing with the context-sensitive Property Inspector, increased control of cast members (sorting by name, date, type, size) through the Cast Manager, vector drawing tools that add illustration capability, and special imaging effects and Transition Behaviors to add pizzazz and drama to applications. As an added bonus, Special Edition Using Director 8.5 has nine appendixes that include keyboard shortcuts, a Lingo reference, and a behavior library quick reference.
Motivating Safety Belt Use with Incentives: A Critical Review of the Past and a Look to the Future (1984)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Incentive strategies are playing a primary role in the current nationwide effort to increase the regular use of safety belts in the U.S. The emphasis on incentives developed from several recent research projects which demonstrated marked increases in safety belt usage following the provision of reward opportunities for safety belt wearers. Rewards for safety belt wearing have been immediate or delayed, and direct or indirect, and they have been offered in a variety of environmental settings (e.g., at industrial parking lots, bank exchange windows, fast food restaurants, and traffic intersections). Some incentive-based programs have been implemented throughout entire communities, while others have occurred at particular locations of program sponsors (e.g., banks, schools, corporations, universities). The intervention techniques and outcomes of 28 incentive-based programs are reviewed in this paper, along with discussions of issues needing further research attention. This paper also reviews the impact of certain variables which have influenced the beneficial impact of incentive-based safety belt programs.&lt;/div&gt;
Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide by Ammonia over V2O5/TiO2, V2O5/TiO2/SiO2, and V2O5−WO3/TiO2 Catalysts:  Effect of Vanadia Content on the Activation Energy (1996)

A systematic variation of the V2O5 content of the title catalysts reveals a dependence of the activation energy of the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia on the surface concentration of vanadia. A significant decrease in activation energy (from approximately 80 to 40 kJ/mol) is observed, as the vanadia surface concentration is increased (from 0.3 to 8 μmol/m2). The same results were obtained from tests conducted both in the presence and absence of H2O and SO2. A possible mechanistic explanation is discussed.
Aromatic structures in whole coals and coal macerals (1988)

New information on the chemical and physical structure of coals and separated coal macerals strongly suggests that polycyclic aromatics do not dominate the aromatic structure except in the very high-rank coals and in inertinites. Two very different approaches have led to these conclusions. First, a very mild, selective oxidation method has been used to break down the coal macromolecular structure into molecules which can be readily characterized. The products are dominated by single ring aromatics. Second, small-angle neutron scattering has been used to study solvent swollen coals. There is no evidence from the scattering data for the existence of a layered structure, instead long tubular pores are being formed apparently as a result of changes in the hydrogen-bonding in the matrix.
Synthesis of 2-alkylcyclohexanones using solvent-free conditions and microwave technology (1993)

An expeditious solvent-free route to 2-alkylcyclohexanones from 2-ethoxycarbonylcyclohexa none is described via a solid–liquid phase transfer catalysed alkylation using ButOK as base and Aliquat® 336 as catalyst and a LiBr–H2O–NBu4Br induced dealkoxycarbonylation under microwave activation in a focused open-vessel Maxidigest system. Yields were 75% over two steps.
Visuelle Leistungen, emotionale und nicht-visuelle Wirkungen - die Grundsäulen der zukünftigen Beleuchtungstechnik (2017)

Mit der Patentierung der Glühlampe durch T. Edison und durch die Elektrifizierung zum Ende des 19.Jahrhunderts war es möglich, die Innenräume unabhängig vom Wetter und Tageszeit zu beleuchten und somit die geistigen, pädagogischen sowie industriellen Tätigkeiten bis zur Mitternacht hinein zu ermöglichen. Somit nahmen auch die industrielle Produktion und das kulturelle Leben einen viel dynamischeren Lauf in den Jahren zum Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts auf. Die Lichtwissenschaft in England und in den USA versuchte in den 1930er Jahren, die Kriterien für die Beleuchtungstechnik für fehler-und unfallfreie Tätigkeiten auf der Basis der Reaktionszeit und des Kontrastschwellenwerts zu finden. Diese Theorie wurde mehrfach korrigiert und führt zum Anfang der 1990er Jahre zu dem Model RVP (relative visual performance) von M. Rea und der CIE. In den gleichen Zeiträumen versuchten Teile der Lichtwissenschaft und der Psychologie, die Kriterien der Lichtqualität und für psychologische Aspekte wie „mood, well-being, comfort“ und fand geeignete Parameter wie die Leuchtdichteverteilung, horizontale Beleuchtungsstärke, Lichtfarbe oder Farbwiedergabe. Bis dahin beruhen alle diese Parameter auf der Grundlage der V(λ)-Funktion (CIE 1924) und der Farbmetrik mit einem 2°-Gesichtsfeld (CIE 1931).&#13;\nMit dem Jahrhundertwechsel um 1999 und 2002 fanden sowohl die Entdeckung des neuen Rezeptors zur humanbiologischen Steuerung als auch die dynamische Entwicklung der farbigen und leuchtstoff-konvertierten weißen LEDs mit einer großen Vielfalt an Wellenlängen und Leuchtstoffsystemen statt, deren Entwicklung viele Fragen an die Visionswissenschaft und an die Humanmedizin bezüglich der Farb-und Lichtwahrnehmung mit sich bringt (Metamerie, Weißpunktqualität, Sehklarheit, Farbkontraste, Farbpräferenz, Wirkung zwischen Lichtspektren-Materialien, Konzentration, Entspannung, Schlafqualität…). Mit solchen grundlegenden Untersuchungen kommen die bisherige klassische Lichtwissenschaft, die Schlafforschung und das visuell ausgeprägte Lichtdesign näher, um die Komplexität der visuellen Wahrnehmung von realen Räumen und Objekten zu beschreiben, die Biorhythmik der Menschen zu analysieren und dadurch geeignete Lichtsysteme und Lichtlösungen zu finden.&#13;\nSomit kommen neben der visuellen Leistung sowohl die psychologischen emotionalen als auch die licht-und gesundheitstechnischen nicht-visuellen Aspekte zur Geltung. Diese ganzheitliche Betrachtung der Wirkungen der optischen Strahlung auf die Menschen und die Konsequenz für die Lichtanwendung und für die Beleuchtungstechnik bilden den Kontext der Human-Centric-Lighting-Konzeption und den Inhalt des Vortrags.
2013 Viral Clearance Symposia - Session 5. Conference Summary: Key Discussion and Outcomes, Pending Questions, and Proposed Experiments (2015)

The 2013 conference structure extended the framework from the preceding conferences (2009 and 2011), focusing on the key gaps and associated developments, but also including additional cases studies on integrated viral clearance strategies, linkage to upstream, and ways to improve the efficiency of
Analysis of drilling fluid rheology and tool joint effect to reduce errors in hydraulics calculations (2006)

Analysis of Drilling Fluid Rheology and Tool Joint Effect to Reduce Errors in Hydraulics Calculations. (August 2006) Marilyn Viloria Ochoa, B.S., Zulia University; M.A., Zulia University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Hans C. Juvkam-Wold This study presents a simplified and accurate procedure for selecting the rheological model which best fits the rheological properties of a given nonNewtonian fluid and introduces five new approaches to correct for tool joint losses from expansion and contraction when hydraulics is calculated. The new approaches are enlargement and contraction (E&C), equivalent diameter (ED), two different (2IDs), enlargement and contraction plus equivalent diameter (E&C+ED), and enlargement and contraction plus two different IDs (E&C+2IDs). In addition to the Newtonian model, seven major non-Newtonian rheological models (Bingham plastic, Power law, API, Herschel-Bulkley, Unified, Robertson and Stiff, and Casson) provide alternatives for selecting the model that most accurately represents the shear-stress/shear-rate relationship for a given nonNewtonian fluid. The project assumes that the model which gives the lowest absolute average percent error (EAAP) between the measured and calculated shear stresses is the best one for a given non-Newtonian fluid. The results are of great importance in achieving correct results for pressure drop and hydraulics calculations and the results are that the API rheological model
Accurate flux observer based on distributed multi-processor in MV adjustable speed drive system (2005)

This paper presents an accurate flux observer used in distributed multi-processor (DMP) adjustable speed drive systems. The stator flux linkage is estimated with a full-order observer, while the rotor speed is identified by using Lyapunov theorem. In order to improve the system performance in a wide speed range, the stator resistance is estimated simultaneously. In this paper, the structure of the DMP system, the principle of the full-order observer and the method for identifying the rotor speed and state resistance are all described in details. Relevant simulation results based on MATLAB/SIMULINK are given to prove the performance of the method. Experiments of a real system also verify the feasibility of this scheme.
Regulation of endocytic traffic by Rho GTPases (2003)

The members of the Rho subfamily of small GTPases are key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton. However, recent studies have provided evidence for multiple additional roles for these signalling proteins in controlling endocytic traffic. Here we review our current understanding of Rho GTPase action within the endocytic pathway and examine the potential points of convergence with the more established, actin-based functions of these signalling proteins.
Tsunamis warning from space :Ionosphere seismology [Slides] (2012)

Ionosphere is the layer of the atmosphere from about 85 to 600km containing electrons and electrically charged atoms that are produced by solar radiation. Perturbations - layering affected by day and night, X-rays and high-energy protons from the solar flares, geomagnetic storms, lightning, drivers-from-below. Strategic for radio-wave transmission. This project discusses the inversion of ionosphere signals, tsunami wave amplitude and coupling parameters, which improves tsunami warning systems.
Monosodium Glutamate Effects (1971)

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Effect of postnatal development on calcium currents and slow charge movement in mammalian skeletal muscle. (1988)

Single- (whole-cell patch) and two-electrode voltage-clamp techniques were used to measure transient (Ifast) and sustained (Islow) calcium currents, linear capacitance, and slow, voltage-dependent charge movements in freshly dissociated fibers of the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle of rats of various postnatal ages. Peak Ifast was largest in FDB fibers of neonatal (1-5 d) rats, having a magnitude in 10 mM external Ca of 1.4 +/- 0.9 pA/pF (mean +/- SD; current normalized by linear fiber capacitance). Peak Ifast was smaller in FDB fibers of older animals, and by approximately 3 wk postnatal, it was so small as to be unmeasurable. By contrast, the magnitudes of Islow and charge movement increased substantially during postnatal development. Peak Islow was 3.6 +/- 2.5 pA/pF in FDB fibers of 1-5-d rats and increased to 16.4 +/- 6.5 pA/pF in 45-50-d-old rats; for these same two age groups, Qmax, the total mobile charge measurable as charge movement, was 6.0 +/- 1.7 and 23.8 +/- 4.0 nC/microF, respectively. As both Islow and charge movement are thought to arise in the transverse-tubular system, linear capacitance normalized by the area of fiber surface was determined as an indirect measure of the membrane area of the t-system relative to that of the fiber surface. This parameter increased from 1.5 +/- 0.2 microF/cm2 in 2-d fibers to 2.9 +/- 0.4 microF/cm2 in 44-d fibers. The increases in peak Islow, Qmax, and normalized linear capacitance all had similar time courses. Although the function of Islow is unknown, the substantial postnatal increase in its magnitude suggests that it plays an important role in the physiology of skeletal muscle.