gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Different Microbubbles in Assisting Focused Ultrasound-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Opening (2017)

Microbubbles (MBs) serve as a critical catalyst to amplify local cavitation in CNS capillary lumen to facilitate focused ultrasound (FUS) to transiently open the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, limited understanding is available regarding the effect of different microbubbles to induce BBB opening. The aim of this study is to characterize different MBs on their effect in FUS-induced BBB opening. Three MBs, SonoVue, Definity, and USphere, were tested, with 0.4-MHz FUS exposure at 0.62-1.38 of mechanical index (MI) on rats. Evans blue, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI and small-animal ultrasound imaging were used as surrogates to allow molecule-penetrated quantification, BBB-opened observation, and MBs circulation/persistence. Cavitation activity was measured via the passive cavitation detection (PCD) setup to correlate with the exposure level and the histological effect. Under given and identical MB concentrations, the three MBs induced similar and equivalent BBB-opening effects and persistence. In addition, a treatment paradigm by adapting exposure time is proposed to compensate MB decay to retain the persistence of BBB-opening efficiency in multiple FUS exposures. The results potentially improve understanding of the equivalence among MBs in focused ultrasound CNS drug delivery, and provide an effective strategy for securing persistence in this treatment modality.
Selecting plant species for practical restoration of degraded lands using a multiple-trait approach (2016)

Ecological restoration is essential in rehabilitating degraded areas and safeguarding biodiversity, ecosystem services and human welfare. Using functional traits to plan restoration strategies has been suggested as they are the main ecological attributes that underlie ecosystem processes and services. However, few studies have translated ecological theory into actual restoration practices that can be easily used by different stakeholders. In this article, we applied a multiple-trait approach to select plant species for the restoration of degraded lands inside the Brazilian Amazon Forests. We selected 10 traits encompassing ease of management, geographical distribution and interactions with animals and other ecosystem services and scored these traits using 118 native species. Then, we ranked all species according to the total number of traits that they exhibited to obtain a list of 53 highly ranked species. In addition, we employed non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to assess the variation in these traits across the entire group of species. Based on the results, we selected a subset of species that maximizes functional diversity (high variability). We performed a sparse linear discriminant analysis (SLDA) to highlight a minimum set of traits to effectively discriminate botanical families. The final list of species and their traits highlight the importance of preserving not only the historical reference of a focused ecosystem but also its functional diversity to restore the interaction with local fauna, enrich the food chain and guarantee ecosystem services for local communities.
Langevin Forces and Generalized Transfer Fields forNoise Modelling in Deep Submicron Devices (2001)

We present a generalized transfer field method with the microscopic noise sources directly connected with the velocity and energy change during single scattering events. The advantages of this method are illustrated by hydrodynamic calculations of current and voltage noise spectra in several two‐terminal submicron structures.
User-centric interference nulling in downlink multi-antenna heterogeneous networks (2015)

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) have strong interference due to spectrum reuse. This affects the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) of each user, and hence is one of the limiting factors of network performance. However, in previous works, interference management approaches in HetNets are mainly based on interference level, and thus cannot effectively utilize the limited resource to improve network performance. In this paper, we propose a user-centric interference nulling (IN) scheme in downlink two-tier HetNets to improve network performance by improving each user's SIR. This scheme has three design parameters: the maximum degree of freedom for IN (i.e., maximum IN DoF), and the IN thresholds for the macro and pico users, respectively. Using tools from stochastic geometry, we first obtain a tractable expression of the coverage (equivalently outage) probability. Then, we characterize the asymptotic behavior of the outage probability in the high reliability regime. The asymptotic results show that the maximum IN DoF can affect the order gain of the asymptotic outage probability, while the IN thresholds only affect the coefficient of the asymptotic outage probability. Moreover, we show that the IN scheme can linearly improve the outage performance, and characterize the optimal maximum IN DoF which minimizes the asymptotic outage probability.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophotographic and Microwave Photodielectric Studies. Part 1. Effect of Various Transition Metal Dopants on Titanium Dioxide Pigments in the Solid State. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Acoustic Evaluation, a Phonetic Count, and a Similarity Scale to Assess the Speech Patterns of Young Deaf Children as a Function of Therapy (1974)

Sixteen deaf children received therapy and were tested at four-month intervals with 15 one- and two-syllable words. These samples were judged on a 9-point similarity scale. A significant improvement was detected over the testing times. This testing procedure was described at the 79th Meeting of the Acoustical Society [C. W. Asp, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 48, 87(A) (1970)] and some results were reported at the 84th Meeting [C. W. Asp, E. M. French, J. S. Berry, and J. E. Keller, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 53, 349(A) (1973)]. Next, a spectrogram and a phonetic count were made of each sample which included the oral stimulus and response. For the group, there was a decrease in (1) mean F0, (2) range of F0,(3) voiced duration, (4) total duration, and (5) latency. There was an increase (improvement) in (1) syllable match and (2) phonetic count. Spectro-graphic measures were compared to similarity scores. Envelope match and syllable match had the highest correlation coefficients.
Market-based resource allocation for distributed data processing in wireless sensor networks (2013)

In recent years, improved wireless technologies have enabled the low-cost deployment of large numbers of sensors for a wide range of monitoring applications. Because of the computational resources (processing capability, storage capacity, etc.) collocated with each sensor in a wireless network, it is often possible to perform advanced data analysis tasks autonomously and in-network, eliminating the need for the post-processing of sensor data. With new parallel algorithms being developed for in-network computation, it has become necessary to create a framework in which all of a wireless network's scarce resources (CPU time, wireless bandwidth, storage capacity, battery power, etc.) can be best utilized in the midst of competing computational requirements. In this study, a market-based method is developed to autonomously distribute these scarce network resources across various computational tasks with competing objectives and/or resource demands. This method is experimentally validated on a network of wireless sensing prototypes, where it is shown to be capable of Pareto-optimally allocating scarce network resources. Then, it is applied to the real-world problem of rupture detection in shipboard chilled water systems.
Supplementary Table S2 from A Complex Network of Tumor Microenvironment in Human High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Functional assignment of the 142 genes with the highest expression difference in the two clusters revealed by unsupervised clustering of recurrent samples&lt;/p&gt;
Electric and magnetic polarization properties of ferrite magnetoelectric particles (2002)

In this paper, new experimental results of the microwave spectral properties of quasistatic magnetoelectric (ME) particles based on small ferrite resonators with linear-form surface electrodes have been illustrated. Existence of local coupling between electric and magnetic dipolar polarizations, which can be essential for realization of the so-called bianisotropic materials, has been proved. Also, a method of boosting the ME effect in a particle has been suggested.
An Extension of MUSIC Exploiting Higher-Order Moments via Nonlinear Mapping (2016)

journal article
Using Weight of Evidence Characterization and Modeling to Investigate the Cause of the Changes in Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasi) Population Dynamics in Puget Sound and at Cherry Point, Washington (2009)

The decline of the Cherry Point Pacific herring stock (CPPHS) has been a puzzle of the upper Puget Sound. In this study, age-structured population modeling was used to examine the timing and scale of the dynamics of Pacific herring stocks throughout the Puget Sound region. The intrinsic rate of increase and equilibrium age structure was calculated and forecast models were created for the stocks found in Puget Sound. We demonstrate that the causative agent for the decline of the CPPHS and the collapse in age structure existed in the 1974–1975 timeframe. Similarly, Puget Sound Pacific herring stocks at Squaxin Pass, Discovery Bay, and Port Gamble also demonstrate a collapse in age structure as seen in CPPHS during that same period. The data from the mid 1980s to 2006 demonstrate that all stocks share the collapse in age structure. The conclusion is that the causative agent had to affect these stocks at a scale corresponding to the Puget Sound; the effect has lasted over a 30-year period, and was essentially simultaneous across the region. Forecast modeling of the stocks indicates that given current conditions none of the stocks are likely to show an increase in population size. The results were used to examine the likelihood that the Eastern Pacific decadal oscillation, disease, and persistent organic pollutants are singularly or in concert the causative agents. A research program is suggested to determine the cause(s).
Appraisal of multispectral scanner systems from analysis of high-resolution plant spectra (1984)

Abstract The use of high-resolution spectra (⩾ I nm resolution) obtained from plants with a ground-based spectroradiometer for selecting multiband scanners and determining bandwidth suitability is presented (350-1850 nm) The highly structured features of crop radiance requires careful analyses to minimize the number of bands, the irrelevent radiance data and subsequent digital analyses. Several structural features were clearly defined at early stages of plant development and became progressively indiscernible as maturity approached. These occurred at wavelengths known to be affected by chlorophyll concentration and leaf structure (e.g. 640-680 nm, and near infrared from 730-690 nm) by H and Mg compounds (480-520 nm bands) and water (720 nm) Several others varied without known association. Others varied little with crop development but coincided with the molecular absorption bands of different chemical elements (e.g. Ca and Fe, 430 nm and 02 The bandwidths of the various structural features were compared to the bandwidths of the channels for several space- and airborne multispectral systems. The comparisons of the radiance values showed that only a few of the channels in each system had bandwidths corresponding to structural features associated with specific plant characteristics and chemical compounds. Thus, much of the spectral data obtained would have little specificity for identifying or measuring biophysical properties of crops. Similar care in the selection of filters for photographic systems would also be applicable. A numerical system for identifying bands of uniform radiance is presented to facilitate referencing of the various bands
Adjuvant properties of trout C5a in subunit protein and DNA vaccines (47.31) (2007)

Abstract The activation of the complement system results in the generation of C3a, C4a and C5a anaphylotoxins. C5a is the most potent and pro-inflammatory of all three anaphylatoxins. In mammals, C5a has been shown to influence the generation ofantigen-specific antibody responses, thereby acting as a molecular adjuvant. We have previously reported that rainbow trout C5a has potent chemotactic properties. In addition, we have also characterized a trout C5a receptor that is expressed at high levels both in granulocytes and B cells. In this study, we tested the possible role of trout C5a as a molecular adjuvant. To this end, we generated recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus glycoprotein (G), and a G-C5a fusion protein in E.coli. We showed that in contrast to G alone, G-C5a displayed a potent chemoattractant activity, indicating that the C5a portion of the fusion protein was functional. G-C5a was injected in incomplete freunds adjuvant (IFA) to one group of trout, while two other groups of trout were inoculated with the same dose of recombinant G in incomplete or complete freunds adjuvant (CFA) respectively. At six week postinjection, the serum antibody titers of the group injected with recombinant G-C5a in IFA were significantly higher than those of the group injected with G protein in IFA. Thus, these results suggest for the first time a role of C5a as molecular adjuvant in teleost fish. Experiments in progress will evaluate the effect of a boost injection on enhancing secondary and memory immune responses in the same fish. In addition, the presence of neutralizing antibodies against IHNV in the immunized fish will be reported.
Total hepatectomy and liver transplant for hepatocellular adenomatosis and focal nodular hyperplasia (1992)

Extensive hepatocellular adenomatosis (HA) and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) represent a proliferation of hepatic cells that occurs most frequently in women. These lesions are uncommon in the pediatric age group, accounting for 2% of pediatric hepatic tumors, and are extremely rare in males. The etiology of HA and FNH has been correlated with the use of oral contraceptives. We report to the best of our knowledge the first series of Patients treated with OLTx for HA and FNH (five cases). All these patients had lesions involving at least 90% of the hepatic parenchyma and all underwent major hepatic surgery before OLTx because of life threatening complications. One patient died in the immediate postoperative period following retransplantation for primary non-function of the first OLTx. Four out of five patients are currently alive from 4.1 to 9.6 years after OLTx. Our results Justify the use of OLTx for symptomatic patients with HA and FNH who cannot be treated with conventional hepatic resections.
Specificities and kinetics of uracil excision from uracil-containing DNA oligomers by Escherichia coli uracil DNA glycosylase (1991)

Uracil DNA glycosylase excises uracil residues from DNA that can arise as a result of deamination of cytosine or incorporation of dUMP residues by DNA polymerase. We have carried out a detailed study to define the specificities and the kinetic parameters for its substrates by using a number of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides of varying lengths and containing uracil residue(s) in various locations. The results show that the Escherichia coli enzyme can remove a 5'-terminal U from an oligomer only if the 5'-end is phosphorylated. The enzyme does not remove U residues from a 3'-terminal position, but U residues can be excised from oligonucleotides with either pd(UN)p or pd(UNN) 3'-termini. The oligomer d(UUUUT) can have the second or third U residues from the 5'-end excised even when the neighboring site is an abasic site (3' or 5', respectively). On the basis of these findings, pd(UN)p was anticipated to be the smallest size substrate. Results show detectable amounts of U release from the substrate pd(UT)p; however, significantly higher amounts of U release were observed from pd(UT-sugar) or pd(UTT). Determinations of the Km and Vmax values show that the different rates of U excision from oligomers of different sizes (trimeric to pentameric) but containing U in the same position are largely due to the differences in the Km values, whereas the different rates of U excision from the substrates of the same size but containing U in different positions are largely due to different Vmax values.
Mechanisms of Lung Injury Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection (2021)

The lung is the major target organ of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which causes COVID-19. Here, we outline the multistep mechanisms of lung epithelial and endothelial injury induced by SARS-CoV-2: direct viral infection, chemokine/cytokine-mediated damage, and immune cell-mediated lung injury. Finally, we discuss the recent progress in terms of antiviral therapeutics as well as the development of anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches. This review also provides a systematic overview of the models for studying SARS-CoV-2 infection and discusses how an understanding of mechanisms of lung injury will help identify potential targets for future drug development to mitigate lung injury.
TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY PERFORMED SAFELY IN SUPER-OBESE PATIENTS USING PREOPERATIVE RISK STRATIFICATION AND TOTAL JOINT PATHWAY (2019)

Introduction The obesity epidemic is a growing problem and must be considered with the projected increased demand for total hip arthroplasty (THA). Previous studies have reported increased complica...
Surgical approaches to stimulate the olfactory bulb in terms of an "olfactory implant” (2023)

Introduction Technological achievements allow an "olfactory implant" to come into the near future. In particular, stimulation in the area of the olfactory bulb seems to be promising for this purpose. However, the surgical approach for electrical stimulation in the olfactory system is unclear.
Analogue memory and ballistic electron effects in metal-amorphous silicon structures (1991)

Abstract We present experimental results showing that p+ amorphous silicon memory structures exhibit polarity-dependent analogue memory switching. The effect is non-volatile and we propose that it is associated with changes in a tunnelling barrier within the structure. It is also observed that conduction in the memory ON state is restricted to a narrow conducting channel through which the electrons can, under certain conditions, travel ballistically. As a conseauence, auantized resistance levels associated with ballistic electron transport are observed under certain circumstances. In the presence of a magnetic field, additional steps in the auantized resistance levels occur. A particular feature of this auantized resistance is that the effect can be observed at relatively high temperatures (up to about 190 K).
EPS8 upregulates FOXM1 expression, enhancing cell growth and motility (2010)

Previous studies from our laboratory have indicated that overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (EPS8) enhances cell proliferation, migration and tumorigenicity in vivo, although the mechanisms involved remain unexplored. A microarray screen to search for potential mediators of EPS8 identified upregulation of multiple cell cycle-related targets such as the transcription factor FOXM1 and several of its reported downstream mediators, including cdc20, cyclin B1, cyclin A, aurora-B kinase and cdc25C in cells with elevated EPS8, as well as matrix metalloproteinase-9, which we reported previously to be upregulated by EPS8-dependent mechanisms. Cells engineered to overexpress FOXM1 showed increased proliferation, similar to EPS8-overexpressing cells. Conversely, targeted knockdown of FOXM1 in EPS8-overexpressing cells reduced proliferation. Cotransfection of EPS8 with a FOXM1-luciferase reporter plasmid into 293-T- or SVpgC2a-immortalized buccal keratinocytes demonstrated that EPS8 enhances FOXM1 promoter activity, whereas chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed elevated levels of acetylated histone H3 associated with the FOXM1 promoter in cells expressing high levels of EPS8. Treatment of EPS8-overexpressing cells with inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase or AKT reduced expression of FOXM1 and aurora-B kinase, a transcriptional target of FOXM1. Overexpression of EPS8 induced expression of the chemokine ligands CXCL5 and CXCL12 in a FOXM1-dependent manner, which was blocked by LY294002 or a dominant-negative form of AKT. Additionally, overexpression of FOXM1 enhanced cell migration, whereas targeted knockdown of CXCL5 or inhibition of AKT reduced migration of EPS8-expressing cells. These data suggest that EPS8 enhances cell proliferation and migration in part by deregulating FOXM1 activity and inducing CXC-chemokine expression, mediated by PI3K- and AKT-dependent mechanisms.
An Essential Role for miRNA167 in Maternal Control of Embryonic and Seed Development (2019)

Maternal cells play a critical role in ensuring the normal development of embryos, endosperms, and seeds. Mutations that disrupt the maternal control of embryogenesis and seed development are difficult to identify. Here, we completely deleted four <i>MICRORNA167</i> (<i>MIR167</i>) genes in Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>) using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein9 (Cas9) genome-editing technology. We found that plants with a deletion of <i>MIR167A</i> phenocopied plants overexpressing miRNA167-resistant versions of <i>Auxin Response Factor6</i> (<i>ARF6</i>) or <i>ARF8</i>, two miRNA167 targets. Both the <i>mir167a</i> mutant and the <i>ARF</i> overexpression lines were defective in anther dehiscence and ovule development. Serendipitously, we found that the <i>mir167a</i> (♀) × wild type (♂) crosses failed to produce normal embryos and endosperms, despite the findings that embryos with either <i>mir167a<sup>+/-</sup></i> or <i>mir167a<sup>-/-</sup></i> genotypes developed normally when <i>mir167a<sup>+/-</sup></i> plants were self-pollinated, revealing a central role of <i>MIR167A</i> in maternal control of seed development. The <i>mir167a</i> phenotype is 100% penetrant, providing a great genetic tool for studying the roles of miRNAs and auxin in maternal control. Moreover, we found that <i>mir167a</i> mutants flowered significantly later than wild-type plants, a phenotype that was not observed in the <i>ARF</i> overexpression lines. We show that the reproductive defects of <i>mir167a</i> mutants were suppressed by a decrease of activities of <i>ARF6</i>, <i>ARF8</i>, or both. Our results clearly demonstrate that <i>MIR167A</i> is the predominant <i>MIR167</i> member in regulating Arabidopsis reproduction and that <i>MIR167A</i> acts as a maternal gene that functions largely through <i>ARF6</i> and <i>ARF8</i>.
Enhancement of the resolving power of coherent optical systems by aperture synthesis method (1977)

Aperture synthesis was performed by phase diffraction gratings in a coherent optical system. A proportional reduction in the useful object field enhanced the spatial resolution by two orders of magnitude compared with the classical diffraction limit. The required precision of alignment of the whole system, including diffraction gratings, was not greater than that needed for conventional optical systems and was governed by the object lenses employed.