gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable Cellulose Nanospheres for Cellular Uptake (2011)

Pure, perfectly spherical cellulose nanoparticles with sizes of ≈80-260 nm can be prepared by dialysis starting from trimethylsilylcellulose (TMSC). The aqueous suspensions obtained are storable for several months. Subsequent covalent labeling of the cellulose nanoparticles with FITC has no influence on particle size, shape, and stability. The particles can be sterilized and suspended in biological media without structural changes. Incorporation of FITC-labeled cellulose nanoparticles into living human fibroblasts is studied using confocal LSM. In contrast to cellulose nanocrystals, fast cellular uptake is found for the nanospheres without transfection reagents or attachment of a receptor molecule. This suggests an influence of the geometry of biocompatible nanomaterials on endocytosis.
Path Planning For A Mobile Robot With Grid Type World Model (2005)

This paper describes a methodol- ogy of world modelling and path planning for a mobile robot. The world model, called a cer- tainty grid for obstacle representation,is ob- tained from readings of ultrasonic sensors and more accurate world model is built by using the information of neighboring sonar sensors. A linear programming method for the short- est paths from many origins to a destination is proposed. The global path is generated with off-line calculation but the local paths are ob- tained on-line by table look-up method. It is implemented on a physical mobile robot. The results show that the certainty grid which is updated by our proposed method well repre- sents a precise environment including the loca- tion of obstacles. The robot was enable to nav- igate to a destination avoiding obstacles with the path which is calculated by the proposed linear programming method.
Learning structurally discriminant features in 3D faces (2008)

In this paper, we derive a data mining framework to analyze 3D features on human faces. The framework leverages kernel density estimators, genetic algorithm and an information complexity criterion to identify discriminant feature-clusters of lower dimensionality. We apply this framework on human face anthropometry data of 32 features collected from each of the 300 3D face mesh models. The feature-subsets that we infer as the output establishes domain knowledge for the challenging problem of 3D face recognition with dense 3D gallery models and sparse or low resolution probes.
Catheter-Associated Masses in Patients Receiving Intrathecal Analgesic Therapy (2003)

Catheter-associated intrathecal masses were detected in three of seven patients receiving long-term intrathecal analgesia. In the two asymptomatic patients, timely clinical intervention was associated with the avoidance of subsequent neurologic injury and spontaneous resolution of one of the occult masses.
Linear Hygrothermal Viscoelastic Characterization of Nafion NRE 211 Proton Exchange Membrane (2012)

Abstract The tensile relaxation modulus of a commercially available proton exchange membrane, Nafion® NRE 211, was obtained over a range of humidity levels and temperatures using a commercial dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). Hygral stress relaxation master curves were first constructed, followed by a hygrothermal master curve using the time temperature moisture superposition principle. The hygrothermal master curve was fitted using a 10‐term Prony series and validated using longer term stress relaxation tests. To validate the results from the stress relaxation experiments, short and long‐term creep compliance was converted into stress relaxation modulus using a well‐known viscoelastic conversion formula, and compared with the relaxation modulus obtained under identical conditions. Good agreement was found between the two datasets. It was evident that relaxation data at 2% RH at the test temperatures was not superposable with the master curves obtained at higher relative humidity (10% &lt; RH &lt; 90%) at the temperature range 70 °C &lt; T &lt; 90 °C. It was observed that the longer term relaxation modulus under humid conditions matched well with the hygrothermal master curve; however, the longer term relaxation modulus under dry conditions was significantly higher than the relaxation master curve obtained under dry conditions, raising the possibility of a physical aging process in the ionomer and/or irreversible morphological changes in the membrane under dry conditions.
Current diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders. (2013)

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health conditions. Although they are less visible than schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder, they can be just as disabling. The diagnoses of anxiety disorders are being continuously revised. Both dimensional and structural diagnoses have been used in clinical treatment and research, and both methods have been proposed for the new classification in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-5). However, each of these approaches has limitations. More recently, the emphasis in diagnosis has focused on neuroimaging and genetic research. This approach is based partly on the need for a more comprehensive understanding of how biology, stress, and genetics interact to shape the symptoms of anxiety. Anxiety disorders can be effectively treated with psychopharmacological and cognitive-behavioral interventions. These inter ventions have different symptom targets; thus, logical combinations of these strategies need to be further studied in order to improve future outcomes. New developments are forthcoming in the field of alternative strategies for managing anxiety and for treatment-resistant cases. Additional treatment enhancements should include the development of algorithms that can be easily used in primary care and with greater focus on managing functional impairment in patients with anxiety.
Joint Contextual Modeling for ASR Correction and Language Understanding (2020)

The quality of automatic speech recognition (ASR) is critical to Dialogue Systems as ASR errors propagate to and directly impact downstream tasks such as language understanding (LU). In this paper, we propose multi-task neural approaches to perform contextual language correction on ASR outputs jointly with LU to improve the performance of both tasks simultaneously. To measure the effectiveness of this approach we used a public benchmark, the 2nd Dialogue State Tracking (DSTC2) corpus. As a baseline approach, we trained task specific Statistical Language Models (SLM) and fine-tuned state-of-the-art Generative Pre-training (GPT) Language Model to re-rank the n-best ASR hypotheses, followed by a model to identify the dialog act and slots. i) We further trained ranker models using GPT and Hierarchical CNN-RNN models with discriminatory losses to detect the best output given n-best hypotheses. We extended these ranker models to first select the best ASR output and then identify the dialogue act and slots in an end to end fashion. ii) We also proposed a novel joint ASR error correction and LU model, a word confusion pointer network (WCN-Ptr) with multihead self attention on top, which consumes the word confusions populated from the n-best. We show that the error rates of off the shelf ASR and following LU systems can be reduced significantly by 14% relative with joint models trained using small amounts of in-domain data.
A Blueprint for the Synthesis and Characterization of Thiolated Graphene (2021)

Graphene derivatization to either engineer its physical and chemical properties or overcome the problem of the facile synthesis of nanographenes is a subject of significant attention in the nanomaterials research community. In this paper, we propose a facile and scalable method for the synthesis of thiolated graphene via a two-step liquid-phase treatment of graphene oxide (GO). Employing the core-level methods, the introduction of up to 5.1 at.% of thiols is indicated with the simultaneous rise of the C/O ratio to 16.8. The crumpling of the graphene layer upon thiolation without its perforation is pointed out by microscopic and Raman studies. The conductance of thiolated graphene is revealed to be driven by the Mott hopping mechanism with the sheet resistance values of 2.15 kΩ/sq and dependable on the environment. The preliminary results on the chemiresistive effect of these films upon exposure to ethanol vapors in the mix with dry and humid air are shown. Finally, the work function value and valence band structure of thiolated graphene are analyzed. Taken together, the developed method and findings of the morphology and physics of the thiolated graphene guide the further application of this derivative in energy storage, sensing devices, and smart materials.
Gate model networks for minimization of multiple-valued logic functions (2002)

The use of gate model networks as a logic minimization method for multiple-valued logic functions is proposed. The gate model network is a kind of neural network constructed like and AND-OR two-level circuits using two gate models: an AND type gate model and an OR type gate model. The backpropagation (BP) method is used to train the network until it realizes the minimal solution. A solution is derived from the weights and thresholds. The gate model networks are applied to binary AND-OR circuit minimization and to the multiple-value max-of-min's expression minimization. It is shown that the gate model network is also applicable to minimize multiple-valued sum-of-products expressions, where sum refers to TSUM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Genotype-Guided Use of P2Y12 Inhibitors: A Review of Current State of the Art (2022)

The pharmacodynamics of the purinergic receptor type Y, subtype 12 (P2Y12) inhibitors has evolved. Our understanding of the metabolism of P2Y12 inhibitors has revealed polymorphisms that impact drug metabolism and antiplatelet efficacy, leading to genetic testing guided therapy. In addition, assays of platelet function and biochemistry have provided insight into our understanding of the efficacy of "antiplatelet" therapy, identifying patients with high or low platelet reactivity on P2Y12 therapy. Despite the data, the implementation of these testing modalities has not gained mainstream adoption across hospital systems. Given differences in potency between the three clinically available P2Y12 inhibitors, the balance between thrombotic and bleeding complications must be carefully considered, especially for the large proportion of patients at higher risk for bleeding. Here we review the current data for genetic and functional testing, risk assessment strategies, and guidelines for P2Y12 inhibitors guided therapy.
Microarray analyses reveal strain-specific antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 variants following natural infection and vaccination (2020)

Vaccines based on Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) have failed due to extensive polymorphism in AMA1. To assess the strain-specificity of antibody responses to malaria infection and AMA1 vaccination, we designed protein and peptide microarrays representing hundreds of unique AMA1 variants. Following clinical malaria episodes, children had short-lived, sequence-independent increases in average whole-protein seroreactivity, as well as strain-specific responses to peptides representing diverse epitopes. Vaccination resulted in dramatically increased seroreactivity to all 263 AMA1 whole-protein variants. High-density peptide analysis revealed that vaccinated children had increases in seroreactivity to four distinct epitopes that exceeded responses to natural infection. A single amino acid change was critical to seroreactivity to peptides in a region of AMA1 associated with strain-specific vaccine efficacy. Antibody measurements using whole antigens may be biased towards conserved, immunodominant epitopes. Peptide microarrays may help to identify immunogenic epitopes, define correlates of vaccine protection, and measure strain-specific vaccine-induced antibodies.
Advanced signal processing analysis of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data for the discrimination of obsidian sources (2012)

Obsidian is a natural glass of volcanic origin and a primary resource used by indigenous peoples across North America for making tools. Geochemical studies of obsidian enhance understanding of artifact production and procurement and remain a priority activity within the archaeological community. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical technique being examined as a means for identifying obsidian from different sources on the basis of its 'geochemical fingerprint'. This study tested whether two major California obsidian centers could be distinguished from other obsidian localities and the extent to which subsources could be recognized within each of these centers. LIBS data sets were collected in two different spectral bands (350±130 nm and 690±115 nm) using a Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser operated at ~23 mJ, a Czerny-Turner spectrograph with 0.2-0.3 nm spectral resolution and a high performance imaging charge couple device (ICCD) detector. Classification of the samples was performed using partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA), a common chemometric technique for performing statistical regression on high-dimensional data. Discrimination of samples from the Coso Volcanic Field, Bodie Hills, and other major obsidian areas in north-central California was possible with an accuracy of greater than 90% using either spectral band.
Evaluation of OFDM(A) Relaying Protocols: Capacity Analysis in Infrastructure Framework (2011)

We consider a two-hop downlink hybrid orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access [OFDM(A)] communication system in which a fixed infrastructure-based relay node is deployed to serve multiple user equipment beyond the coverage area of a base station. The key factor defining the performance and complexity of such systems is the relaying protocol, i.e., the interface between the OFDM point-to-point backhaul link and the OFDMA point-to-multipoint service link. We introduce and analyze a comprehensive set of OFDM(A) relaying protocols that are based on the following design choices: whether to perform time-domain, frequency-domain, resource block (RB)-wise, or symbol-wise processing; whether to apply amplify-and-forward (AF) or decode-and-forward (DF) retransmission; whether to implement random, fixed, or adaptive pairing of RBs in backhaul and service links; whether to introduce buffering over fading states or not; and how the time sharing between the backhaul and service links is controlled. The joint effect of all these design choices has not previously been evaluated in a unified framework or by means of closed-form performance expressions. The main contribution of this paper is to calculate the average ergodic system capacity when adopting each of the proposed relaying protocols. Consequently, the new expressions facilitate thorough numerical performance comparison between the different protocols in a typical suburban vehicular system.
Cytotoxic lymphocyte granzymes trigger a target cell internal disintegration pathway leading to cytolysis and DNA breakdown. (1994)

Two approaches have been used to assess the hypothesis that granzymes secreted by cytotoxic lymphocytes act within the target cells to trigger an internal disintegration pathway leading to target cell lysis. The lytic properties of several clones of rat basophilic leukemia cells transfected with either cytolysin (perforin) alone (RBL-cy) or a combination of cytolysin and granzyme A (RBL-cy-gza) were compared with cloned CTL. Analysis of the kinetics of target cell 125I-DNA vs 51Cr release with three tumor targets showed negligible DNA release with RBL-cy, less extensive 125I-DNA release relative to 51Cr release with RBL-cy-gza effector cells, whereas CTL caused greater or equal DNA release than 51Cr release at all time points. Using three different tumor target cells, comparison of RBL-cy-gza and RBL-cy clones in multiple experiments shows that RBL-cy-gza are on average more than threefold more lytic than RBL-cy. This distinction was not seen with red cell targets, in which an internal disintegration pathway does not operate. A second approach to this issue consisted of cytoplasmic loading of tumor target cells with aprotinin, a macromolecular protease inhibitor known to inhibit granzyme A and probably other granzymes. Although the control BSA-loaded target cells were essentially identical to nonloaded targets in all cases, aprotinin-loaded targets showed substantially lower release of both 51Cr and 125I-DNA with both CTL and RBL-cy-gza effector cells. In contrast, aprotinin-loaded targets were lysed with the same efficiency as control targets by RBL-cy effector cells. We conclude that secreted granzymes contribute to target lysis by triggering a target cell internal disintegration pathway that leads to both lysis and DNA breakdown.
Evolution of melt pond volume on the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet (2007)

The presence of surface meltwater on ice caps and ice sheets is an important glaciological and climatological characteristic. We describe an algorithm for estimating the depth and hence volume of surface melt ponds using multispectral ASTER satellite imagery. The method relies on reasonable assumptions about the albedo of the bottom surface of the ponds and the optical attenuation characteristics of the ponded meltwater. We apply the technique to sequences of satellite imagery acquired over the western margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet to derive changes in melt pond extent and volume during the period 2001–2004. Results show large intra‐ and interannual changes in ponded water volumes, and large volumes of liquid water stored in extensive slush zones.
Ethanol Ablation Therapy Drives Immune-Mediated Antitumor Effects in Murine Breast Cancer Models (2022)

Ethanol ablation is a minimally invasive, cost-effective method of destroying tumor tissue through an intratumoral injection of high concentrations of cytotoxic alcohol. Ethyl-cellulose ethanol (ECE) ablation, a modified version of ethanol ablation, contains the phase-changing polysaccharide ethyl-cellulose to reduce ethanol leakage away from the tumor. Ablation produces tissue necrosis and initiates a wound healing process; however, the characteristic of the immunologic events after ECE ablation of tumors has yet to be explored. Models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which are classically immunosuppressive and difficult to treat clinically, were used to characterize the immunophenotypic changes after ECE ablation. In poorly invasive TNBC rodent models, the injury to the tumor induced by ECE increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and reduced tumor growth. In a metastatic TNBC model (4T1), TILs did not increase after ECE ablation, though lung metastases were reduced. 4T1 tumors secrete high levels of granulocytic colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), which induces a suppressive milieu of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (gMDSCs) aiding in the formation of metastases and suppression of antitumor immunity. We found that a single intratumoral injection of ECE normalized tumor-induced myeloid changes: reducing serum G-CSF and gMDSC populations. ECE also dampened the suppressive strength of gMDSC on CD4 and CD8 cell proliferation, which are crucial for anti-tumor immunity. To demonstrate the utility of these findings, ECE ablation was administered before checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy in the 4T1 model and was found to significantly increase survival compared to a control of saline and CPI. Sixty days after tumor implant no primary tumors or metastatic lung lesions were found in 6/10 mice treated with CPI plus ECE, compared to 1/10 with ECE alone and 0/10 with CPI and saline.
Cross‐sectional comparison of health‐span phenotypes in young versus geriatric marmosets (2019)

The development of the marmoset as a translational model for healthspan and lifespan studies relies on the characterization of health parameters in young and geriatric marmosets. This cross-sectional study examined health phenotypes in marmosets for five domains of interest for human health and aging: mobility, cognition, metabolism, homeostasis, and immune function. Geriatric marmosets were found to have significant executive function impairment when compared to young animals. While geriatric animals did not show gross abnormalities in mobility and measures of locomotion, their types of movement were altered from young animals. Geriatric marmosets had alterations in cardiac function, with significantly increased mean arterial pressures; metabolism, with significantly lower VO<sub>2</sub> ; and suppressed immune function. Further, this study sought to characterize and describe histopathology for both young and geriatric healthy marmosets. Overall this study provides a characterization of health parameters for young and geriatric marmosets which will greatly enhance future aging and interventional testing in marmosets.
Color appearance: The limited role of chromatic surround variance in the “gamut expansion effect” (2008)

R. O. Brown and D. I. MacLeod (1997) observed that chromatic patches appear much more saturated against an equiluminant, uniform gray surround than against a chromatically variegated surround with the same space-average color. Using asymmetric color matching, we investigated what stimulus conditions are critical for the occurrence of this “gamut expansion effect.” We found (a) that the effect diminishes rapidly with increasing color contrast between target and surround, (b) that the amount and the spatial distribution of color variance in the surround plays but a very limited role, (c) that the effect is mainly local, and (d) that basically the same effect can be obtained by comparing two uniform surrounds. These findings, particularly the latter, argue strongly against an explanation solely in terms of contrast adaptation. We suggest that the main features of our findings can be explained in terms of color scission.
Influence of pollutant process uncertainty on the prediction of stormwater quality in urban catchments (2016)

Stormwater quality in urban catchments is influenced by the variability in pollutant build-up and wash-off processes. The process variability results in uncertainty which influences stormwater quality modelling outcomes. This highlights the need for quantitative assessment of process uncertainty prior to utilising modelling outcomes for decision making. However, poor characterisation of process variability limits the quantitative assessment of process uncertainty. It was hypothesised that the temporal variations in the particle load 150µm during pollutant build-up and wash-off are the primary factors that characterise process variability. Accordingly, the incorporation of the characteristics of build-up and wash-off process variability into mathematical models enables accounting of process uncertainty as part of the modelling outcomes. Compared to the case where process uncertainty is not considered, it was found that the upper limit of uncertainty associated with stormwater quality predictions changes when process uncertainty is accounted for in the uncertainty assessment. Furthermore, the uncertainty assessment revealed that the impact of build-up process uncertainty on predicted stormwater quality is greater than that of wash-off process uncertainty. This confirmed that build-up process variability contributes significantly to the uncertainty associated with the prediction of stormwater quality.