gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glyphosate Inhibits Melanization ofCryptococcus neoformansand Prolongs Survival of Mice after Systemic Infection (2001)

Cryptococcus neoformans is a major fungal pathogen and is a relatively common cause of life-threatening meningoencephalitis. Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide that inhibits the synthesis of aromatic amino acids via the shikimate acid pathway. This study investigated the effects of glyphosate on C. neoformans growth, melanization, and murine infection. C. neoformans was relatively resistant to glyphosate, requiring concentrations >250 microg/mL for inhibition. Melanization of C. neoformans in the presence of L-dopa was inhibited by subinhibitory concentrations of glyphosate. Glyphosate inhibited autopolymerization of L-dopa and oxidation of L-epinephrine by cryptococcal cells, which is mediated by a laccase. Administration of glyphosate to mice infected with C. neoformans delayed melanization of yeast cells in vivo and prolonged average mouse survival. The results suggest that inhibition of melanization in vivo may facilitate control of C. neoformans infection.
IBM computer usability satisfaction questionnaires: Psychometric evaluation and instructions for use (1995)

This article describes recent research in subjective usability measurement at IBM, focused on evaluating the psychometric properties of questionnaires designed for use in scenario‐based usability evaluation. The questionnaires address evaluation at both a global overall system level and at a more detailed scenario level. The primary goals of this article are to (a) discuss the psychometric characteristics of IBM questionnaires that measure user satisfaction with computer system usability, and (b) provide the questionnaires, with administration and scoring instructions. For scenario‐level measurement, the 3‐item After‐Scenario Questionnaire (ASQ) has excellent internal consistency, with coefficient alphas across a set of scenarios ranging from .90 to .96. For more global assessment, the Post‐Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) also has excellent internal consistency, with an overall coefficient alpha of .97. Preliminary principal factor analysis of 48 PSSUQ questionnaires suggested the presence of three factors named, after varimax rotation, System Usefulness, Information Quality, and Interface Quality, with corresponding coefficient alphas of .96, .91, and .91. Evaluation of 377 PSSUQ questionnaires (modified to allow mailing to respondents in their offices and referred to as the Computer System Usability Questionnaire, or CSUQ) confirmed the structure of the preliminary principal factor analysis. Consequently, usability practitioners can use these questionnaires to help them measure users’ satisfaction with the usability of computer systems in the context of scenario‐based usability studies.
Network formation mechanisms in conjugated microporous polymers (2014)

The mechanism of network formation for a conjugated microporous polymer (CMP-1) has been investigated in detail.
Bcl-2-independent induction of apoptosis by neuropeptide receptor antagonist in human small cell lung carcinoma cells. (2000)

The broad-spectrum antagonist of neuropeptide receptor, [D-Arg1, D-Phe5, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]substance P, induced apoptosis selectively in human small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells, which express gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, but not in other types of tumor cells as well as normal cells. The addition of gastrin-releasing peptide or bombesin and the inhibitor of caspase-3 suppressed [D-Arg1, D-Phe5, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]substance P-induced apoptosis. Moreover, [D-Arg1, D-Phe5, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]substance P-induced apoptosis was not suppressed by Bcl-2 over-expression. Thus, blockage of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-mediated signaling may provide a novel therapeutic option in SCLC which has become resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents.
Clustering of glycine and NG,NG-dimethylarginine in nucleolar protein C23 (1985)

Protein C23 (Mr 110 000, pI = 5.5), a major phosphoprotein in the nucleolus of mammalian cells, has been shown to contain 1.3 mol% of NG,NG-dimethylarginine (DMA) [Lischwe, M.A., Roberts, K.D., Yeoman, L.C., & Busch, H. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 14600-14602]. A tryptic peptide from protein C23 that contains DMA has been isolated and sequenced. Its sequence is Gly-Glu-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-Gly-DMA-Gly-Gly-Gly-DMA-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-Gly-DMA- Gly-Gly- Gly-DMA-Gly-Gly-DMA-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-Gly-DMA-Gly-DMA-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-Gly- DMA-Gly-Gly-Phe-DMA-Gly-Gly-DMA-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Asp-Phe-Lys. This peptide contains 34 glycine, 10 DMA, and 6 phenylalanine residues and has clusters of glycine and NG,NG-dimethylarginine interspersed with phenylalanine residues. A similar domain has been found at the amino terminus of a nucleolar protein of Mr 34,000, pI = 8.5. This sequence array may represent a conserved domain characteristic of a certain class of nuclear proteins. All of the methylated arginine residues in protein C23, the 34-kilodalton protein, and myelin basic protein [Carnegie, P.R. (1971) Biochem. J. 123, 57-67] have at least one adjacent glycine. Access of certain arginine methylases to arginine residues may be sterically possible because of the lack of a side chain on the adjacent glycine residue(s).
The Research of Intelligent Substation Time Synchronization System and the Influence of Its Fault to Relay Protection (2013)

The intelligent substation realizes the digitization of information in the whole substation and thus time synchronization system becomes more and more important. This paper introduces time synchronization technology of intelligent substation and puts forward the principles for designing intelligent substation time synchronization system. According to some relay protection malfunction examples caused by time synchronization system fault, analyze the influence of time synchronization system fault to relay protection and correspondingly put forward some improving measures.
Increased Flexibility in Polyimide Aerogels Using Aliphatic Spacers in the Polymer Backbone (2019)

Polyimide aerogels are mechanically strong porous solids with high surface area, low density, and dielectric constants close to 1, making them ideal materials for use as substrates for lightweight antennas. Increasing the flexibility of the polyimide aerogels extends the usefulness for conformal antennas for use on small aircraft such as unmanned air vehicles or personal air mobility vehicles. To this end, polyimide aerogels made with aromatic amines with 4-10 methylene units as flexible spacers between aromatic rings in the backbone have been fabricated. Substituting 25-75 mol % of fully aromatic 2,2'-dimethylbenzidine with these flexible diamines increases the flexibility of polyimide aerogels, making them bendable at thicknesses up to 2-3 mm. The density, dielectric constants, thermal and moisture stability, and mechanical properties of these aerogels were assessed to understand the effect of the amount and length of the methylene spacers on these properties.
Predicting aerodynamic characteristics of vortical flows on three-dimensional configurations using a surface-singularity panel method (1983)

A general low-order surface-singularity panel method is used to predict the aerodynamic characteristics of a problem where a wing-tip vortex from one wing closely interacts with an aft mounted wing in a low Reynolds Number flow; i.e., 125,000. Nonlinear effects due to wake roll-up and the influence of the wings on the vortex path are included in the calculation by using a coupled iterative wake relaxation scheme. The interaction also affects the wing pressures and boundary layer characteristics: these effects are also considered using coupled integral boundary layer codes and preliminary calculations using free vortex sheet separation modelling are included. Calculated results are compared with water tunnel experimental data with generally remarkably good agreement.
A Cadaveric Study on the Stability of Lumbar Segment After Partial Laminotomy and Facetectomy with Intact Posterior Ligaments (1996)

This study aimed to biomechanically investigate a change in the stability of decompressed segments in the degenerative lumbar spine. Cyclic loading tests to the cadaveric spinal unit were conducted in compressive and bending directions with a stepwise resection of the posterior elements such as wide fenestration (partial laminotomy), unilateral and bilateral facetectomy with the intact supra- and interspinous ligaments and spinous process. Flexion stability did not decrease significantly, and may reflect the fact that the aforementioned ligamentous structures were preserved throughout the resection process. After wide fenestration, the loss of compression stiffness amounted to only half that of bilateral facetectomy, and extension stiffness dropped to this same level. Lateral bending stiffness was maintained until unilateral facetectomy was performed. We recommend restricted decompression surgeries for a single-level central stenosis in the degenerative lumbar spine.
A prospective on power quality analyze of three sections plate-type electrostatic precipitator supplies (2012)

In the paper is present power quality measurement analysis of three sections plate-type electrostatic precipitators supplied with traditional d.c. energization with analogical controlled anti parallel thyristors. The control of constant firing angle of thyristors is set depending on the secondary reference current. Analysis of the measure electrical parameters is done according with power quality standards EN 50160 (for voltage) and IEC 61000-3-4 (for current). The measures were made in two regimes: a long period of time and short period of time.
Job Discrimination, Market Forces and the Invisibility Hypothesis (1984)

The Invisibility Hypothesis holds that the job skills of disadvantaged workers are not easily discovered by potential new employers, but that promotion enhances visibility and alleviates this problem. Then, at a competitive labor market equilibrium, firms profit by hiding talented disadvantaged workers in low level jobs. Consequently, those workers are paid less on average and promoted less often than others with the same education and ability. As a result of the inefficient and discriminatory wage and promotion policies, disadvantaged workers experience lower returns to investments in human capital than other workers.
DDDAS-based multi-fidelity simulation for online preventive maintenance scheduling in semiconductor supply chain (2007)

This research intends to augment the validity of simulation models in the most economic way using the DDDAS (Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems) paradigm. Implementation of DDDAS requires automated switching of model fidelity and incorporating selective, dynamic data into the executing simulation model. Comprehensive system architecture and methodologies are proposed, where the components include 1.) RT (Real Time) DDDAS simulation, 2.) grid computing modules, 3.) Web Service communication server, 4.) database, 5.) various sensors, and 6.) real system. Four algorithms are developed to facilitate integration of the various components in the DDDAS system. They are 1.) data filtering algorithm using control charts, 2.) preliminary fidelity selection algorithm using Bayesian belief network, 3.) fidelity assignment algorithm using integer programming and 4.) simulation model reconstruction algorithm using multiple linear regression. A prototype DDDAS simulation was successfully implemented for preventive maintenance scheduling in a semiconductor supply chain. The initial results look quite promising.
Comparing three toothpastes in controlling plaque and gingivitis: A 6-month clinical study. (2015)

After 6 months, subjects assigned to the triclosan/copolymer/fluoride group exhibited statistically significant reductions in gingival index scores and plaque index scores as compared to subjects assigned to the herbal/bicarbonate group by 35.4% and 48.9%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in gingival index and plaque index between subjects in the herbal/ bicarbonate group and those in the fluoride group. The triclosan/copolymer/fluoride dentifrice was statistically significantly more effective in reducing gingivitis and dental plaque than the herbal/bicarbonate dentifrice, and this difference in efficacy was clinically meaningful.
Abstract IA006: EMT-induced tumor plasticity in cancer metastasis (2023)

Abstract Advancements in diagnosis and treatment help save cancer patients if the patient presents with local disease. However, the survival probability drops significantly when the tumor metastasizes to other organs. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for developing resistance to chemotherapy, tumor relapse, and metastasis. We and others found that the latent embryonic program epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), known to induce mesenchymal properties, including increased migration and invasion, can also induce stem cell properties in cancer cells. This finding postulates that the tumor is inherently capable of generating CSCs de novo and promoting plasticity and heterogeneity. Using syngeneic orthotopic tumor models, we found that CD8+ T cells play a vital role in regulating metastasis besides plasticity in tumor cells. This finding suggests that targeting EMT-signaling pathways and immune cells may provide a window of opportunity to treat metastasis, chemoresistance, and tumor relapse. Citation Format: Sendurai A Mani. EMT-induced tumor plasticity in cancer metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Metastasis; 2022 Nov 14-17; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_2):Abstract nr IA006.
Evaluation of a Weightbearing CT Artificial Intelligence-Based Automatic Measurement for the M1-M2 Intermetatarsal Angle in Hallux Valgus (2021)

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Acetylcholine receptor-inducing factor from chicken brain increases the level of mRNA encoding the receptor alpha subunit. (1988)

A 42-kDa glycoprotein isolated from chicken brain, referred to as acetylcholine receptor-inducing activity (ARIA), that stimulates the rate of incorporation of acetylcholine receptors into the surface of chicken myotubes may play a role in the nerve-induced accumulation of receptors at developing neuromuscular synapses. Using nuclease-protection assays, we have found that ARIA causes a 2- to 16-fold increase in the level of mRNA encoding the alpha subunit of the receptor, with little or no change in the levels of gamma- and delta-subunit messengers. ARIA also increases the amount of a putative nuclear precursor of alpha-subunit mRNA, consistent with an activation of gene transcription. These results suggest that the concentration of alpha subunit may limit the rate of biosynthesis of the acetylcholine receptors in chicken myotubes. They also indicate that neuronal factors can regulate the expression of receptor subunit genes in a selective manner. Tetrodotoxin, 8-bromo-cAMP, and forskolin also increase the amount of alpha-subunit mRNA, with little change in the amount of gamma- and delta-subunit mRNAs. Unlike, ARIA, however, these agents have little effect on the concentration of the alpha-subunit nuclear precursor.
Climate, Rain Shadow, and Human-Use Influences on Fire Regimes in the Eastern Sierra Nevada, California, USA (2009)

There have been few fire history studies of eastern Sierra Nevada forests in California, USA, where a steep elevation gradient, rain shadow conditions, and forest stand isolation may produce different fire regimes than those found on the range’s western slope. We investigated historic fire regimes and potential climate influences on four forest types ranging in elevation from 1700 m to 3200 m on the Sierra Nevada’s eastern slope and the White Mountains’ western slope. Sample areas (approximately 15 ha to 45 ha) had mean site fire return intervals ranging from 4.8 yr to 16.9 yr across ten Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Balf.) sites, and 13.4 yr to 45.7 yr across four high elevation lodgepole (P contorta Douglas ex Louden), foxtail (P. balfouriana Balf.) and bristlecone (P longaeva D.K. Bailey) pine sites. At most sites (13 of 14), >50% of fire events occurred in late or dormant season wood. Twentieth century fire return intervals increased at some sites, while other sites continued to record frequent fire events into the 1950s. Years where two or more sites recorded fire events on two or more trees were correlated with drought conditions forecast by the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) in our sample locations at and north of Mammoth Lakes. The lower Sierra Nevada crest due west of these locations may connect weather patterns with western slope conditions more than at our southern eastside sample sites, which were not significantly correlated with PDSI. Our results suggest eastern Sierra Nevada Jeffrey pine forests have similar seasonality and fire return intervals as some western slope forests, but site fire history can be influenced by stand isolation, historical use, and local rain shadow conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Total Syntheses of Taxol (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Correction: A Powerful Test of Parent-of-Origin Effects for Quantitative Traits Using Haplotypes (2012)

Imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon where the same alleles have unequal transcriptions and thus contribute differently to a trait depending on their parent of origin. This mechanism has been found to affect a variety of human disorders. Although various methods for testing parent-of-origin effects have been proposed in linkage analysis settings, only a few are available for association analysis and they are usually restricted to small families and particular study designs. In this study, we develop a powerful maximum likelihood test to evaluate the parent-of-origin effects of SNPs on quantitative phenotypes in general family studies. Our method incorporates haplotype distribution to take advantage of inter-marker LD information in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our method also accommodates missing genotypes that often occur in genetic studies. Our simulation studies with various minor allele frequencies, LD structures, family sizes, and missing schemes have uniformly shown that using the new method significantly improves the power of detecting imprinted genes compared with the method using the SNP at the testing locus only. Our simulations suggest that the most efficient strategy to investigate parent-of-origin effects is to recruit one parent and as many offspring as possible under practical constraints. As a demonstration, we applied our method to a dataset from the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) to test the parent-of-origin effects of the SNPs within the PPARGC1A, MTP and FABP2 genes on diabetes-related phenotypes, and found that several SNPs in the MTP gene show parent-of-origin effects on insulin and glucose levels.
The Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties for Water Oxidation over Bi/BiVO4/V2O5 Composite (2017)

Bi/BiVO4/V2O5 has been successfully synthesized by a simple annealing of BiVO4 in Ar/H2. The obtained Bi/BiVO4/V2O5 was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic activities are examined by an oxygen-evolution reaction. When BiO/BiVO4/V2O5 in air and Bi2VO5.5/ BiVO4/V2O5 in vacuum were compared with the products annealing in other atmospheres, Bi/BiVO4/V2O5 exhibited the best performance (2413 μmol·g–1·h–1), which could be attributed to the synergistic combination of Bi, BiVO4, and V2O5. This study may open up a new avenue for the development of an efficient composite photocatalyst.
Retrieval and Mapping of Soil Texture Based on Land Surface Diurnal Temperature Range Data from MODIS (2015)

Numerous studies have investigated the direct retrieval of soil properties, including soil texture, using remotely sensed images. However, few have considered how soil properties influence dynamic changes in remote images or how soil processes affect the characteristics of the spectrum. This study investigated a new method for mapping regional soil texture based on the hypothesis that the rate of change of land surface temperature is related to soil texture, given the assumption of similar starting soil moisture conditions. The study area was a typical flat area in the Yangtze-Huai River Plain, East China. We used the widely available land surface temperature product of MODIS as the main data source. We analyzed the relationships between the content of different particle soil size fractions at the soil surface and land surface day temperature, night temperature and diurnal temperature range (DTR) during three selected time periods. These periods occurred after rainfalls and between the previous harvest and the subsequent autumn sowing in 2004, 2007 and 2008. Then, linear regression models were developed between the land surface DTR and sand (> 0.05 mm), clay (< 0.001 mm) and physical clay (< 0.01 mm) contents. The models for each day were used to estimate soil texture. The spatial distribution of soil texture from the studied area was mapped based on the model with the minimum RMSE. A validation dataset produced error estimates for the predicted maps of sand, clay and physical clay, expressed as RMSE of 10.69%, 4.57%, and 12.99%, respectively. The absolute error of the predictions is largely influenced by variations in land cover. Additionally, the maps produced by the models illustrate the natural spatial continuity of soil texture. This study demonstrates the potential for digitally mapping regional soil texture variations in flat areas using readily available MODIS data.
Improved Glycemia with Hybrid Closed-Loop Versus Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial (2022)

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate safety and effectiveness of MiniMed™ 670G hybrid closed loop (HCL) in comparison with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy for 6 months in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Adults (aged 18-80 years), adolescents, and children (aged 2-17 years) with T1D who were using CSII therapy were enrolled and randomized (1:1) to 6 months of HCL intervention (n = 151, mean age of 39.9 ± 19.8 years) or CSII without continuous glucose monitoring (n = 151, 35.7 ± 18.4 years). Primary effectiveness endpoints included change in A1C for Group 1 (baseline A1C >8.0%), from baseline to the end of study, and difference in the end of study percentage of time spent below 70 mg/dL (%TBR <70 mg/dL) for Group 2 (baseline A1C ≤8.0%), to show superiority of HCL intervention versus control. Secondary effectiveness endpoints were change in A1C and %TBR <70 mg/dL for Group 2 and Group 1, respectively, to show noninferiority of HCL intervention versus control. Primary safety endpoints were rates of severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Change in A1C and difference in %TBR <70 mg/dL for the overall group were significantly improved, in favor of HCL intervention. In addition, a significant mean (95% confidence interval) change in A1C was observed for both Group 1 (-0.8% [-1.1% to -0.4%], <i>P</i> < 0.0001) and Group 2 (-0.3% [-0.5% to -0.1%], <i>P</i> < 0.0001), in favor of HCL intervention. The same was observed for difference in %TBR <70 mg/dL for Group 1 (-2.2% [-3.6% to -0.9%]) and Group 2 (-4.9% [-6.3% to -3.6%]) (<i>P</i> < 0.0001 for both). There was one DKA event during run-in and six severe hypoglycemic events: two during run-in and four during study (HCL: n = 0 and CSII: n = 4 [6.08 per 100 patient-years]). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This RCT demonstrates that the MiniMed 670G HCL safely and significantly improved A1C and %TBR <70 mg/dL compared with CSII control in persons with T1D, irrespective of baseline A1C level.