gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reflex vagal control of atrial repolarization (1996)

The reflex vagal control of atrial repolarization was investigated in eight open-chest, anesthetized dogs. A monophasic action potential was recorded from the right atrium, and the action potential duration to 90% repolarization (APD90) was determined every cardiac cycle. beta-Adrenergic receptors were blocked with timolol (0.1 mg/kg). Under baseline conditions, sinus slowing during sinus arrhythmia was accompanied by a significant shortening of APD90 (24 +/- 4.0 ms). Transient occlusion (30 s) of the descending thoracic aorta increased systolic aortic pressure from 138 +/- 2.8 to 181 +/- 3.3 mmHg (P < 0.01). Heart rate decreased from 99 +/- 3.6 to 42.5 +/- 3.4 beats/min (P < 0.01), and APD90 shortened from 168 +/- 5.1 to 94 +/- 3.3 ms (P < 0.01). Release of the occlusion caused arterial hypotension (95 +/- 2.8 mmHg) and an overshoot in both rate (126 +/- 5.2 beats/min) and APD90 (189 +/- 2.3 ms). Aortic occlusion during atrial pacing (130-160 beats/min) decreased APD90 from 147 +/- 7.0 to 78 +/- 3.4 ms (P < 0.01). Cervical vagotomy or atropine eliminated changes in rate and APD90 evoked by aortic occlusion. The results indicate that there is parallel central vagal control of both sinus rate and atrial repolarization. Sinus bradycardia during reflex vagal activation does not prevent the acceleration of atrial repolarization.
Dense Associative Memory for Pattern Recognition (2016)

A model of associative memory is studied, which stores and reliably retrieves many more patterns than the number of neurons in the network. We propose a simple duality between this dense associative memory and neural networks commonly used in deep learning. On the associative memory side of this duality, a family of models that smoothly interpolates between two limiting cases can be constructed. One limit is referred to as the feature-matching mode of pattern recognition, and the other one as the prototype regime. On the deep learning side of the duality, this family corresponds to feedforward neural networks with one hidden layer and various activation functions, which transmit the activities of the visible neurons to the hidden layer. This family of activation functions includes logistics, rectified linear units, and rectified polynomials of higher degrees. The proposed duality makes it possible to apply energy-based intuition from associative memory to analyze computational properties of neural networks with unusual activation functions - the higher rectified polynomials which until now have not been used in deep learning. The utility of the dense memories is illustrated for two test cases: the logical gate XOR and the recognition of handwritten digits from the MNIST data set.
Laser patterning of GaAs (001) functionalized with alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (2017)

International audience
A low complexity on-chip ECG data compression methodology targeting remote health-care applications (2014)

In this paper, we propose a novel low complexity on-chip ECG data compression methodology targeting remote health-care applications. This is to the best of our knowledge the first attempt for on-chip reliable data compression. The proposed methodology has been implemented targeting Application Specific Integrated Circuit platform at 1 MHz at Vdd 1.62 V for UMC 130 nm technology library with 16 bits system word-length. Furthermore the proposed methodology results in a faithful reconstruction which has been validated using MIT-BIH PTB-DB as well as our institute's health repository IITH-DB. On an average about 90% compression is achieved with more than 83% R(2) statistics, 98% Cross Correlation and about 99% Regression between the original and the reconstructed data signifying the diagnostic accuracy. Subsequently the proposed methodology is capable of storing approximately 47 hrs of data in the same on-chip memory when compared to that of 5 hours of continuous data in the state of the art which would lead to enhanced diagnosis and prognosis in remote health-care.
Effects on Lignin Structure of Coumarate 3-Hydroxylase Downregulation in Poplar (2012)

The lignin structural ramifications of coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) downregulation have not been addressed in hardwoods. Such information is required to accompany an assessment of the digestibility and bioenergy performance characteristics of poplar, in particular. Structurally rich 2D NMR methods were applied to the entire lignin fraction to delineate lignin <i>p</i>-hydroxyphenyl:guaiacyl:syringyl (H:G:S) levels and linkage distribution changes (and to compare with traditional degradative analyses). C3H downregulation reduced lignin levels by half and markedly increased the proportion of H units relative to the normally dominant G and S units. Relative stem H unit levels were up by ∼ 100-fold to ∼ 31 %, almost totally at the expense of G units; differences in the lignin interunit linkage distributions were more subtle. The H level in the most drastically C3H-downregulated transgenic poplar falls well beyond the H:G:S compositional bounds of normal angiosperms. The response observed here, in poplar, differs markedly from that reported for alfalfa where the S:G ratio remained almost constant even at substantial H levels, highlighting the often differing responses among plant species.
The COVID‐19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19‐YRS): Application and psychometric analysis in a post‐COVID‐19 syndrome cohort (2021)

As our understanding of the nature and prevalence of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome (PCS) is increasing, a measure of the impact of COVID-19 could provide valuable insights into patients' perceptions in clinical trials and epidemiological studies as well as routine clinical practice. To evaluate the clinical usefulness and psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRS) in patients with PCS, a prospective, observational study of 187 consecutive patients attending a post-COVID-19 rehabilitation clinic was conducted. The C19-YRS was used to record patients' symptoms, functioning, and disability. A global health question was used to measure the overall impact of PCS on health. Classical psychometric methods (data quality, scaling assumptions, targeting, reliability, and validity) were used to assess the C19-YRS. For the total group, missing data were low, scaling and targeting assumptions were satisfied, and internal consistency was high (Cronbach's α = 0.891). Relationships between the overall perception of health and patients' reports of symptoms, functioning, and disability demonstrated good concordance. This is the first study to examine the psychometric properties of an outcome measure in patients with PCS. In this sample of patients, the C19-YRS was clinically useful and satisfied standard psychometric criteria, providing preliminary evidence of its suitability as a measure of PCS.
Structure Analysis of PVC Nanocomposites (2005)

Abstract In this paper poly(vinyl chloride)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation using a single screw extruder. Problems with thermal stability of these nanocomposites during compounding were largely eliminated by pre‐treatment of the organoclay with plasticizer (dioctyl phthalate), which created a barrier between polymer and quaternary amine. These nanocomposite materials were analyzed with respect to their morphology. The intercalation, exfoliation, nano‐phase dispersion and orientation were investigated using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, different types of sample preparation for these techniques were tested as well. It was found that partially intercalated and disordered structure arose in poly (vinyl chloride) composites containing sodium type of montmorillonite, while a fine dispersion of partial to nearly full exfoliation of individual montmorillonite layers in poly (vinyl chloride) matrix was observed when this clay was organically modified. Finally, the influence of different mixing time (in extruder) on nano‐phase morphology was surveyed.
Inferring Fine-grained Control Flow Inside SGX Enclaves with Branch Shadowing (2016)

In this paper, we explore a new, yet critical, side-channel attack against Intel Software Guard Extension (SGX), called a branch shadowing attack, which can reveal fine-grained control flows (i.e., each branch) of an enclave program running on real SGX hardware. The root cause of this attack is that Intel SGX does not clear the branch history when switching from enclave mode to non-enclave mode, leaving the fine-grained traces to the outside world through a branch-prediction side channel. However, exploiting the channel is not so straightforward in practice because 1) measuring branch prediction/misprediction penalties based on timing is too inaccurate to distinguish fine-grained control-flow changes and 2) it requires sophisticated control over the enclave execution to force its execution to the interesting code blocks. To overcome these challenges, we developed two novel exploitation techniques: 1) Intel PT- and LBR-based history-inferring techniques and 2) APIC-based technique to control the execution of enclave programs in a fine-grained manner. As a result, we could demonstrate our attack by breaking recent security constructs, including ORAM schemes, Sanctum, SGX-Shield, and T-SGX. Not limiting our work to the attack itself, we thoroughly studied the feasibility of hardware-based solutions (e.g., branch history clearing) and also proposed a software-based countermeasure, called Zigzagger, to mitigate the branch shadowing attack in practice.
Machine learning open-loop control of a mixing layer (2020)

We develop an open-loop control system using machine learning to destabilize and stabilize the mixing layer. The open-loop control law comprising harmonic functions is explored using the linear genetic programming in a purely data-driven and model-free manner. The best destabilization control law exhibits a square wave with two alternating duty cycles. The forced flow presents a 2.5 times increase in the fluctuation energy undergoing early multiple vortex-pairing. The best stabilization control law tames the mixing layer into pure Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices without following vortex-pairing. The 23% reduction of fluctuation energy is achieved under the dual high-frequency actuations.
Multiple UAV task allocation using negotiation (2006)

A multiple UAV search and attack mission involves searching for targets in an unknown region, followed by attack on the detected targets. An effective mission involves assigning the tasks to UAVs efficiently. Task allocation becomes difficult when the UAVs have limited range to detect the targets and neighbouring UAVs. The UAVs are also subject to limited communication range. With these constraints, allocating tasks efficiently to UAVs become difficult. In this paper, we propose a negotiation scheme that efficiently allocates tasks for multiple UAVs. The performance of the negotiation based task allocation is studied on a battle field scenario. We study the effect of sensor ranges on the task allocation and compare the results with that of greedy strategy and a variation of the negotiation mechanism. The results show that the negotiation based task allocation mechanism performs far better than the greedy strategy. Negotiation with target information exchange between neighbours performs better than without target information exchange, when the sensor radius is low.
The Low-Dimensional Linear Geometry of Contextualized Word Representations (2021)

Black-box probing models can reliably extract linguistic features like tense, number, and syntactic role from pretrained word representations. However, the manner in which these features are encoded in representations remains poorly understood. We present a systematic study of the linear geometry of contextualized word representations in ELMO and BERT. We show that a variety of linguistic features (including structured dependency relationships) are encoded in low-dimensional subspaces. We then refine this geometric picture, showing that there are hierarchical relations between the subspaces encoding general linguistic categories and more specific ones, and that lowdimensional feature encodings are distributed rather than aligned to individual neurons. Finally, we demonstrate that these linear subspaces are causally related to model behavior, and can be used to perform fine-grained manipulation of BERT's output distribution.
IC‐P‐071: How the morphology of brain sulci may help in detecting early Alzheimer's disease (2009)

To date, the PET provides sensitive diagnostic markers to predict the evolution of patients from amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) to clinically probable Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Nonetheless, owing to the greater accessibility of morphologic MRI, it would be clinically helpful to find out morphologic diagnostic marker. The present study aimed at investigating sulcal morphology, as a potential diagnostic marker, in patients with aMCI. Different indices of the sulcal morphology were thus studied according to their clinical outcome (converters to AD or non-converters), and in relation to their cognitive decline. Seventeen aMCI patients underwent MRI scans at inclusion. MRI data were bias corrected and segmented into grey matter (GM), white matter (WM) and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) using the VBM5.1 toolbox of SPM5. For each patient, these segmentations defined the GM/CSF interface as well as the GM/WM interface. The folding pattern was then extracted from each MRI in their native space using BrainVISA and labelled using a probabilistic folding template. Two indices of the sulcal morphology, independent of the brain size, were assessed for each sulcus: the fold opening and the surrounding cortical thickness. The fold opening of the posterior calloso-marginal fissure, rhinal sulcus, orbito-frontal sulci and central sulcus was higher in converters than in non-converters. A higher initial fold opening of the collateral fissure, orbito-frontal sulci, rhinal sulcus, inter-parietal fissure and infra-parietal sulcus was associated with subsequent cognitive decline. The surround cortical thickness of the temporo-polar sulcus, posterior calloso-marginal fissure, orbito-frontal sulci, central sulcus, rhinal sulcus, collateral fissure, parieto-occipital sulcus was higher in converters than in non-converters. A higher initial surrounding cortical thickness of the temporo-polar and temporal sulci, collateral fissure, inter-parietal fissure was associated with subsequent cognitive decline. These preliminary results suggest that initial modifications of the sulcal morphology encompassing not only the hippocampal area but also the frontal, posterior cingulate and temporo-parietal as well as temporal regions are associated with their clinical outcome or subsequent cognitive decline. Interestingly, these regions correspond to previously highlighted either atrophic or hypometabolic areas. However, the predictive value of a specific sulcal alteration pattern remains to be isolated and evaluated.
The Rotational Spectra of OH Doublet pi Isotopologues (2012)

Author Institution: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099
Membrane-mediated Assembly of Annexins Studied by Site-directed Spin Labeling (1998)

Annexins are soluble proteins that bind to membranes in the presence of Ca2+. Crystal structures have been determined for some soluble forms, but little is known about the important membrane-bound state. We employed site-directed spin labeling to demonstrate that 1) annexin XII assumes a trimer configuration similar to the crystal structure when bound to bilayers under physiological conditions; 2) trimer assembly on bilayers is remarkably rapid, occurring on a millisecond time scale, whereas subunit exchange requires hours; and 3) different annexins can mix to form heterotrimers. The rapid assembly and heterotrimer formation have important implications concerning the cellular functions of annexins.
Underground Resource Characterization Using Tomographic Imaging (1987)

The potential application of geotomography in providing estimates of underground geophysical properties, with particular emphasis on temperature distribution, is discussed. Rock attenuation rate profiles and rock acoustic velocity profiles are produced using electromagnetic and seismic transmission sources, respectively. These profiles are superimposed such that the velocity profile predominates in yielding the delineation of underground materials while the attenuation rate profile is used to estimate the temperature distribution. The approach is demonstrated using simulated data.
From Robotics to Prosthetics: What Design and Engineering Can Do Better Together (2023)

This paper discusses how the disciplines of Design and Engineering are jointly addressing disability and somehow affecting its very interpretation. The discussion focuses on high-tech prostheses, where robotic devices substitute human body parts. The application of robotic technologies to prosthetics has a relatively long history. Nevertheless, only in the last decade have we witnessed applications reach the market and become available for a large base of users who were offered prostheses with superior motor and sensory performance. The process of bringing ever more advanced technologies to fruition by prosthetic users is fully ongoing today, with some promising solutions coming from robotics (such as, e.g. AI techniques or soft robotics materials) to be transferred to human use. In this transfer process, technology alone is insufficient to warrant success, and the need for a close collaboration between the Engineering domain and the Design disciplines is apparent. We address this point with specific reference to a case study, i.e. the transformation of an innovative but by-now established technology in the industrial robotics field (the “Pisa/IIT SoftHand”) into a prosthetic hand (the “SoftHand Pro”). Besides obvious technical considerations about size, connections, control, and so on, which can be addressed with a thorough technical revision of the design, what makes the profound difference between the two devices is that, as a prosthesis, the SoftHand is intended as a human body part, and not as an external tool. To reach its ultimate goals, the hand should become a part of the human user, with his body and mind. The empirical approach and tools of Designers afford the possibility to enrich the re-design process, considering the final user at the centre of the process, in a sort of renewed humanistic approach. The paper reflects this multidisciplinary approach and is structured as follows: the first part describes a cultural framework for the use of high-technology upper limb prostheses. This culture is defined through two significant relations (Users &amp; Society; Users &amp; Device). Inputs come from desk research conducted in different fields, ranging from Social Psychology to Medicine and Rehabilitation area. In this scenario, it is possible to extract design insights applicable to the design brief. The introduction of a robotic prosthetic hand (SoftHand Pro) and a related, single-user case study follow. The aim here is also to illustrate a process where engineering innovations are facilitated by tools from the Design field in the attempt to make the whole process coherently centred on users. Involved are all aspects, from material technology to the covering and finishing of the prosthetic device. The resulting, final prototype of the SoftHand Pro is finally presented.
Combining angular differential imaging and accurate polarimetry with SPHERE/IRDIS to characterize young giant exoplanets (2017)

Young giant exoplanets emit infrared radiation that can be linearly polarized up to several percent. This linear polarization can trace: 1) the presence of atmospheric cloud and haze layers, 2) spatial structure, e.g. cloud bands and rotational flattening, 3) the spin axis orientation and 4) particle sizes and cloud top pressure. We introduce a novel high-contrast imaging scheme that combines angular differential imaging (ADI) and accurate near-infrared polarimetry to characterize self-luminous giant exoplanets. We implemented this technique at VLT/SPHEREIRDIS and developed the corresponding observing strategies, the polarization calibration and the data-reduction approaches. The combination of ADI and polarimetry is challenging, because the field rotation required for ADI negatively affects the polarimetric performance. By combining ADI and polarimetry we can characterize planets that can be directly imaged with a very high signal-to-noise ratio. We use the IRDIS pupil-tracking mode and combine ADI and principal component analysis to reduce speckle noise. We take advantage of IRDIS’ dual-beam polarimetric mode to eliminate differential effects that severely limit the polarimetric sensitivity (flat-fielding errors, differential aberrations and seeing), and thus further suppress speckle noise. To correct for instrumental polarization effects, we apply a detailed Mueller matrix model that describes the telescope and instrument and that has an absolute polarimetric accuracy &le; 0.1%. Using this technique we have observed the planets of HR 8799 and the (sub-stellar) companion PZ Tel B. Unfortunately, we do not detect a polarization signal in a first analysis. We estimate preliminary 1σ upper limits on the degree of linear polarization of ∼ 1% and ∼ 0.1% for the planets of HR 8799 and PZ Tel B, respectively. The achieved sub-percent sensitivity and accuracy show that our technique has great promise for characterizing exoplanets through direct-imaging polarimetry
Photodissociation of HNO3 at 193, 222, and 248 nm: Products and quantum yields (1992)

The quantum yields for OH, O(3P), O(1D), and H(2S) from the photolysis of HNO3 have been determined at 248, 222, and 193 nm at 298 K. The quantum yield for OH was observed to be near unity at 248 [Φ(OH)=0.95±0.09] and 222 nm [Φ(OH)=0.90±0.11]. However, at 193 nm the quantum yield for OH was found to be 0.33±0.06. The quantum yield for O atoms [O(3P)+O(1D)], Φ(O), was observed to be 0.031±0.010, 0.20±0.03, 0.81±0.13, at 248, 222, and 193 nm, respectively. Both O(3P) and O(1D) were observed at 222 and 193 nm, but only O(3P) was detected at 248 nm. It was observed that 40% of the O atoms formed at both 193 and 222 nm were O(1D) atoms. The upper limits for H(2S) quantum yields: Φ(H)≤0.002 at 248 nm, ≤0.01 at 222 nm, and ≤0.012 at 193 nm were also determined. This present work quantifies the photolysis channel producing HONO+O and show that it accounts for a large fraction at HNO3 photolysis at 193 nm.
Pd/C Catalysis under Microwave Dielectric Heating (2017)

Microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) provides a novel and efficient means of achieving heat organic reactions. Nevertheless, the potential arcing phenomena via microwave (MW) interaction with solid metal catalysts has limited its use by organic chemists. As arcing phenomena are now better understood, new applications of Pd/C-catalyzed reactions under MW dielectric heating are now possible. In this review, the state of the art, benefits, and challenges of coupling MW heating with heterogeneous Pd/C catalysis are discussed to inform organic chemists about their use with one of the most popular heterogeneous catalysts.
1,2‐Thiazines: One‐Pot Syntheses Utilizing Mono and Diaza Analogs of Sulfones (2016)

A one-pot Michael addition/cyclization/condensation reaction sequence for the regioselective synthesis of 1,2-thiazines, starting from propargyl ketones and NH-sulfoximines or NH-sulfondiimines, has been developed. Under mild and operationally simple reaction conditions previously unprecedented 1,2-thiazine 1-imide and 1-oxide derivatives are formed in good to excellent yields. The products represent heterocyclic building blocks, readily modifiable by a regioselective C-H bond functionalization, classical cross-coupling reactions, and deprotection.