gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Options for the Treatment of Nitrate Salt Wastes at Los Alamos National Laboratory (2016)

This paper summarizes the methodology used to evaluate options for treatment of the remediated nitrate salt waste containers at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The method selected must enable treatment of the waste drums, which consist of a mixture of complex nitrate salts (oxidizer) improperly mixed with sWheat Scoop®1, an organic kitty litter and absorbent (fuel), in a manner that renders the waste safe, meets the specifications of waste acceptance criteria, and is suitable for transport and final disposal in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant located in Carlsbad, New Mexico. A Core Remediation Team was responsible for comprehensively reviewing the options, ensuring a robust, defensible treatment recommendation. The evaluation process consisted of two steps. First, a prescreening process was conducted to cull the list on the basis for a decision of feasibility of certain potential options with respect to the criteria. Then, the remaining potential options were evaluated and ranked against each of the criteria in a consistent methodology. Numerical scores were established by consensus of the review team. Finally, recommendations were developed based on current information and understanding of the scientific, technical, and regulatory situation. A discussion of the preferred options and documentation of the process used to reach the recommended treatment options are presented.
Identification of the Transcription Factor Relationships Associated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy Response and Metastatic Progression in Prostate Cancer (2018)

We have identified TFCGs associated with pronounced initial transcriptional response to ADT, aggressive signatures, and metastasis. Our findings suggest multiple new hypotheses that could lead to novel combination therapies to prevent the development of CRPC following ADT.
Translational research in the new era of percutaneous mitral valve interventions (2020)

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is one of the most prevalent valvular heart diseases in the world.1 Although surgical mitral valve replacement has shown to improve clinical outcomes in patients with severe primary MR, surgery is still being denied in a significant number of patients due to their multiple clinical comorbidities.2 The current clinical practice guidelines for the management of severe secondary MR recommend the surgical valve intervention only in cases where concomitant coronary revascularization is indicated.3 Transcatheter mitral valve repair using the edge-to-edge technique (MitraClip, Abbott Menlo Park, CA, United States) has shown to improve quality of life and reduce all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure and secondary MR refractory to the optimal medical treatment.4 However, the level of MR reduction achieved by MitraClip is inferior compared to the surgical techniques, and its overall use is limited by several anatomical factors.5 Transcatheter mitral valve implantation is emerging as a potential therapeutic alternative that could overcome some of the current limitations of edge-to-edge repair.6 Due to their technical design features, most transcatheter ...
Eye tracking and eye expression decoding based on transparent, flexible and ultra-persistent electrostatic interface (2023)

Eye tracking provides valuable insight for analyzing visual attention and underlying thinking progress through the observation of eye movements. Here, a transparent, flexible and ultra-persistent electrostatic sensing interface is proposed for realizing active eye tracking (AET) system based on the electrostatic induction effect. Through a triple-layer structure combined with a dielectric bilayer and a rough-surface Ag nanowire (Ag NW) electrode layer, the inherent capacitance and interfacial trapping density of the electrostatic interface has been strongly enhanced, contributing to an unprecedented charge storage capability. The electrostatic charge density of the interface reached 1671.10 μC·m<sup>-2</sup> with a charge-keeping rate of 96.91% after 1000 non-contact operation cycles, which can finally realize oculogyric detection with an angular resolution of 5°. Thus, the AET system enables real-time decoding eye movements for customer preference recording and eye-controlled human-computer interaction, supporting its limitless potentiality in commercial purpose, virtual reality, human computer interactions and medical monitoring.
Regulatory and microbiological safety issues surrounding cell and tissue‐engineering products (2004)

Cell therapies and tissue-engineered products that contain living cells are potentially some of the most exciting of the novel therapeutic products currently under development. These products, however, present a number of important safety issues, particularly with respect to the transmission of human viruses. In addition, the short shelf life of these products precludes the normally extensive characterization performed on other biotherapeutic products. Careful examination of the risks and extensive testing of the raw materials have been used in place of product testing to ensure safety.
Characterization of the Zinc Binding Activity of the Rubella Virus Nonstructural Protease (2000)

ABSTRACT The rubella virus (RUB) nonstructural (NS) protein (NSP) ORF encodes a protease that cleaves the NSP precursor (240 kDa) at a single site to produce two products. A cleavage site mutation was introduced into a RUB infectious cDNA clone and found to be lethal, demonstrating that cleavage of the NSP precursor is necessary for RUB replication. Based on computer alignments, the RUB NS protease was predicted to be a papain-like cysteine protease (PCP) with the residues Cys1152 and His1273 as the catalytic dyad; however, the RUB NS protease was recently found to require divalent cations such as Zn, Co, and Cd for activity (X. Liu, S. L. Ropp, R. J. Jackson, and T. K. Frey, J. Virol. 72:4463–4466, 1998). To analyze the function of metal cation binding in protease activity, Zn binding studies were performed using the minimal NS protease domain within the NSP ORF. When expressed as a maltose binding protein (MBP) fusion protein by bacteria, the NS protease exhibited activity both in the bacteria and in vitro following purification when denatured and refolded in the presence of Zn. Atomic absorption analysis detected 1.6 mol of Zn bound per mol of protein refolded in this manner. Expression of individual domains within the protease as MBP fusions and analysis by a Zn 65 binding assay revealed two Zn binding domains: one located at a predicted metal binding motif beginning at Cys1175 and the other one close to the cleavage site. Mutagenesis studies showed that Cys1175 and Cys1178 in the first domain and Cys1227 and His1273, the His in the predicted catalytic site, in the second domain are essential for zinc binding. All of these residues are also necessary for the protease activity, as were several other Cys residues not involved in Zn binding. Far-UV circular dichroism (CD) analysis of the MBP-NS protease fusion protein showed that the protease domain contained a large amount of alpha-helical structure, which is consistent with the results of secondary-structural prediction. Both far-UV–CD and fluorescence studies suggested that Zn did not exert a major effect on the overall structure of the fusion protein. Finally, protease inhibitor assays found that the protease activity can be blocked by both metal ion chelators and the metalloprotease inhibitor captopril. In conjunction with the finding that the previously predicted catalytic site, His1273, is essential for zinc binding, this suggests that the RUB NS protease is actually a novel virus metalloprotease rather than a PCP.
Recent Trends in Development of Fermented Milks (2007)

Ever-growing consumer demand for convenience, combined with a healthy diet and preference for natural ingredients has led to a growth in functional beverage markets. Current trends and changing consumer needs indicate a great opportunity for innovations and developments in fermented milks. Scientific and clinical evidence is also mounting to corroborate the consumer perception of health from fermented milks. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and associated ingredients also add an attractive dimension to cultured dairy products. Also, owing to expanding market share and size of dairy companies, there has been a reduction of clearly structured markets i.e. merging of dairy products and fruit beverage markets with introduction of ‘juiceceuticals’ like fruit-yogurt beverages that are typical example of hybrid dairy products offering health, flavour and convenience. Another potential growth area for fermented milks includes added-value products such as low calorie, reduced-fat varieties and those fortified with physiologically active ingredients including fibers, phytosterols, omega-3-fatty acids, whey based ingredients, antioxidant vitamins, isoflavones that provide specific health benefits beyond basic nutrition. World over efforts have been devoted to develop fermented milks containing certain nonconventional food sources like soybeans and millets and convert them to more acceptable and palatable form thus producing low cost, nutritious fermented foods especially for developing and underdeveloped nations where malnutrition exists. Furthermore, use of biopreservatives and certain innovative technologies like membrane processing, high pressure processing and carbonation lead to milk fermentation under predictable, controllable and precise conditions to yield hygienic fermented milks of high nutritive value. Keywords: Recent trends, fermented milks, yoghurt, probiotics, health benefits, biopreservatives
Simulation of the predictive direct torque control for a PM synchronous machine (2015)

This paper presents a predictive direct torque control (PDTC) for a surface permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). The control algorithm uses linear predictions of the controlled variables to preselect four possible active voltage space vectors (AVSVs) to build the torque demand one step in advance. Then, the trajectory of the torque and flux are predicted and evaluated to minimize the defined cost function, the AVSV that minimize the error is selected and applied in the next control cycle. With this control scheme is possible to obtain a fast dynamic performance similar to the conventional direct torque control, with the advantages of a constant switching frequency and a larger sample time. The control scheme is simulated using Matlab/Simulink to verify the performance under steady and dynamic operation.
Cholesterol interacts with lactosyl and maltosyl cerebrosides but not with glucosyl or galactosyl cerebrosides in mixed monolayers (1993)

Pure and mixed monolayers of mono- and dihexoside cerebrosides with cholesterol have been characterized at the air/water interface. Cholesterol oxidase was used as a reporter enzyme for the cholesterol-cerebroside interaction in the mixed monolayers. The cerebrosides either were derived from bovine brain extracts or were synthetic. The dihexoside cerebrosides were synthesized by coupling of the hepta-O-acetyl-alpha-lactosyl- or maltosylphosphoramidates with D-erythro-N-acylceramides in dichloromethane, in the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate and molecular sieves, followed by hydrolysis of the acetate-protecting groups. All of the bovine-brain-derived cerebrosides [galactosyl cerebroside (GalCer, types I and II), glucosyl cerebroside (GlcCer), and lactosyl cerebroside (LacCer)] had very condensed force-area isotherms (compressibility values of 3-5 x 10(-3) m/mN at 20 mN/m), as did the synthetic N-stearoylmaltosylceramide (N-18:0 MaltCer). Shorter-chain synthetic cerebrosides (N-8:0 LacCer and N-8:0 MaltCer) had more expanded isotherms, with compressibility values of 15-17 x 10(-3) m/mN. When cholesterol was included in mixed monolayers of monohexoside cerebroside, it did not induce significant condensation of packing (indicating that cholesterol did not increase the order of the acyl chains). However, with dihexoside cerebrosides, a cholesterol-induced condensing effect was observed, which amounted to a 11-19% reduction in the observed mean molecular area. When cholesterol oxidase was used to titrate the stoichiometry of cholesterol/cerebroside in mixed monolayers, at which pure cholesterol clusters appeared, it was observed that in monohexoside cerebroside monolayers cholesterol clusters were present even below a 1:1 molar stoichiometry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
112-OR: Critical Role of Tyrosine Kinase 2 (TYK2) in Human Pancreatic Differentiation (2019)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Genome wide association and fine mapping studies to identify causal variants predicted several loci in the human genome that are associated with T1D risk. One such candidate gene is a member of the JAK (Janus Kinase) family of tyrosine kinases, TYK2, which plays a critical role in intracellular signaling stimulated by cytokines through STATs. Loss-of-function variants of TYK2 are associated with protection against T1D. In line with this, silencing of TYK2 in beta cells attenuated inflammatory signaling pathways and apoptosis. To study the role of TYK2 in human beta-cell development, we now generated TYK2- knockout (KO) human iPSC lines using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and induced them to differentiate to pancreatic endocrine lineage. Our results suggest that absence of TYK2 does not compromise the pluripotency or the early pancreatic endoderm differentiation potential of iPSC. However, in the later stages of differentiation, the mRNA levels of key pancreatic TFs (PDX1(55±17%, p=0.03), NGN3(65±13%, p=0.008)), RFX6(58±14%, p=0.014), NKX6.1(39±19%, p=0.114) and NKX2.2(68±7%, p=0.0008)) were significantly reduced in the TYK2-KO cells. In the final stages of controlled induction to endocrine lineage TYK2-KO lines expressed lower levels of INS(53±9%, p=0.004), GCG(70±10.5%, p=0.002) and SST(62±8.6%, p=0.002) compared to control lines (mean ± SEM of 3 independent experiments). Furthermore immunostaining for INS, GCG and SST confirmed a lower number of endocrine hormone positive cells in TYK2-KO lines. In contrast to the wild type controls, the TYK2-KO iPSC-derived pancreatic cells displayed no activation of STAT1 and STAT2 and showed impaired STAT3 activation in response to IFNαor stimulation by polyinosinic-polycitidilic acid treatment, a viral infection mimetic. The present study suggests that TYK2 plays an important early role in pancreatic endocrine differentiation. Disclosure V. Chandra: None. H. Ibrahim: None. D. Balboa: None. T. Otonkoski: None.
Enhanced candicidal compound production by a new soil isolate Penicillium verruculosum MKH7 under submerged fermentation (2016)

So far as our knowledge goes, till date there are no reports available on the production of antibiotics by Penicillium verruculosum through media optimization using RSM. Optimization not only led to a 7 fold increase in metabolite yield but the same was achieved at much lesser time (8-10 days compared to the earlier 12-15 days). The enhanced yield of the antibiotic strongly suggests that the fungus P. verruculosum MKH7 can be efficiently used for antibiotic production on a large scale.
Analysis of High-Frequency Electrical Transients in Offshore Wind Parks (2009)

In this thesis, a study of high frequency electromagnetic transient phenomena is performed. Models of various components needed for simulations of high frequency transients, such as for transformers, cables and breakers are developed. Measurements were performed in Chalmers research laboratory as well as at ABB Corporate Research in Västerås, Sweden for the purpose of parameter estimation of models and for verification of simulations. Critical cases where the voltage surges of the magnitude and/or rise time above basic lightning impulse voltage level appear, are identified. Also, some transient protection schemes are analyzed and the performance of different transient mitigation devices is studied. Furthermore, the voltage distribution along the winding during very fast transients is studied in order to estimate turn-to-turn voltages and the critical voltage envelope. In the work it was found that simulations of the high frequency transients are in a very good agreement with the measurements obtained in the laboratory. Simulations predicted accurately critical surges with the highest magnitude and matched with good accuracy surge waveforms recorded during the measurements. The accuracy of the rise times is within 10%, while the magnitudes during the critical cases are within a 5% margin. During the testing and simulations, surges which exceed the basic lightning impulse voltage level of dry-type transformers specified by IEEE standards, both in magnitude and rise time are observed at the transformers even when surge arresters are used to protect the transformers. Furthermore, obtained voltage surges exceeded the proposed critical voltage envelope. It is shown that the most critical voltage strikes are obtained with dry-type transformers, where the rise time is five to ten times shorter compared to oil-insulated transformer with the same rating. It was confirmed both in simulations and measurements that the use of additional transient protections devices such as surge capacitors and RC protections, decreased the magnitude of surges to be below the critical level. The analysis of the voltage during very fast transients showed that the rise time of the transients directly influences the magnitude of the turn-to-turn voltages. Furthermore, during the breaker closing transient, turn-to-turn voltages, measured in delta connected dry-type transformers, were 2.5 times higher than the voltages obtained during the same transient with a wye connected dry-type transformer, or during the stress with a 4.4 p.u. lightning impulse voltage.
10% Efficiency Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Using P25 TiO2 Nanocrystalline Electrode Prepared by a Bead-milling Method (2011)

Abstract Dispersions of TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared from titania powder (P25, Degussa) using a bead-mill method. The dispersion was controlled by the mixing time and was observed using dynamic laser-light scattering. TiO2 screen-printing pastes were prepared from the TiO2 dispersions for application as photoelectrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The coated nanocrystalline TiO2 electrodes were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a haze meter. The shape and crystallinity of the TiO2 nanoparticles were not changed, but the transparency was improved by the bead-milling process. However, aluminum contamination on the TiO2 surface was found to increase with bead-milling time. A TiO2 paste prepared from an optimized dispersion was used to fabricate a DSSC with 10% photoenergy-conversion efficiency.
Robust Procedure for Measuring Particle Size Distribution of Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluids Using Laser Diffraction (2020)

Abstract Since particle size distribution (PSD) affects drilling fluid performance, devices for measuring particle size have been widely used in the field and in laboratories. Laser diffraction (also called laser light scattering) is the technique most often employed, because it is easy, rapid, and provides reproducible results. However, variations in laser diffraction instrumentation and operating protocols in different testing facilities/laboratories can cause the PSD results to vary significantly. The problem is serious for water-based drilling fluids, but it can be even more severe for non-aqueous drilling fluids (NADFs) because of variations in base fluid and the presence of emulsified water. To address this, a work group was formed by the American Petroleum Institute (API) to develop a general and robust testing procedure for measuring PSD of NADFs using laser diffraction instruments. After identifying fundamental variables (including sampling method, instrument, sonication treatment, dispersant) that can affect PSD results, pilot testing was carried out with various instruments to determine general operating settings regardless of the specific instrument. Based on these studies, a measurement procedure was developed and evaluated with a round robin test in which five NADFs possessing different base fluids, solids content, and water/oil ratios were measured by several laboratories using different particle sizers. The PSD results of these five fluids measured by different laboratories agreed well, confirming the robustness of the measurement procedure. The developed measurement procedure has been accepted and will be included as a recommended procedure in the API RP 13I 2019 revision. This paper will discuss the development of the procedure and the round robin test results in detail.
Differential expression of mouse neural cell-adhesion molecule (N-CAM) mRNA species during brain development and in neural cell lines (1986)

The cell-adhesion molecules N-CAM (neural cell-adhesion molecule) are ligands in the formation of cell-cell bonds and have been shown to play important roles during neuro-ontogenesis. They exist in several molecular forms which differ at the protein and carbohydrate levels. The regulation of the expression of these different forms is an important issue that bears on such questions as to how adhesive interactions between cells are modulated during morphogenesis. In the present study we have used N-CAM cDNA clones to investigate the expression of the cognate mRNAs in the mouse and rat brain and in 2 neural cell lines. The results were compared with the levels of the different N-CAM proteins. We made the following observations. A complex set of 5 size classes of mRNAs--which show developmental, regional, and cell-type-dependent variations in their expression--hybridize to 1 of our cDNA probes. While embryonic brain contains N-CAM gene transcripts 7.4, 6.7, and 4.3 kilobases (kb) in length, 2 additional mRNAs of 5.2 and 2.9 kb appear postnatally. Transformed brain cells of an astrocytic character express predominantly mRNAs of 6.7, 4.3, and 2.9 kb and a neuroblastoma line those of 7.4, 6.7, 4.3, and 2.9 kb. There are important quantitative changes in the amount of N-CAM message expressed during brain development, with a peak around birth, suggesting that N-CAM synthesis is controlled at the transcriptional level. A comparison of N-CAM protein and mRNA levels reveals a striking correlation between the relative concentrations of the Mr 120,000 N-CAM protein (N-CAM120) and the 5.2 kb transcript.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Computational analysis of fringing fields and forces in the cylindrical coordinate system (2009)

No abstract