gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Physico-mechanical Properties and Electrostatic Charging Behavior of Different Capsule Types for Inhalation Under Distinct Environmental Conditions (2020)

Capsule-based dry powder inhaler (DPI) products can be influenced by a multitude of interacting factors, including electrostatic charging. Tribo-charging is a process of charge transfer impacted by various factors, i.e., material surface characteristics, mechanical properties, processing parameters and environmental conditions. Consequently, this work aimed to assess how the charging behavior of capsules intended for inhalation might be influenced by environmental conditions. Capsules having different chemical compositions (gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)) and distinct inherent characteristics from manufacturing (thermally and cold-gelled) were exposed to various environmental conditions (11%, 22% and 51% RH). Their resulting properties were characterized and tribo-charging behavior was measured against stainless steel and PVC. It was observed that all capsule materials tended to charge to a higher extent when in contact with PVC. The tribo-charging of the thermally gelled HPMC capsules (Vcaps<sup>®</sup> Plus) was more similar to the gelatin capsules (Quali-G™-I) than to their HPMC cold-gelled counterparts (Quali-V<sup>®</sup>-I). The sorption of water by the capsules at different relative humidities notably impacted their properties and tribo-charging behavior. Different interactions between the tested materials and water molecules were identified and are proposed to be the driver of distinct charging behaviors. Finally, we showed that depending on the capsule types, distinct environmental conditions are necessary to mitigate charging and assure optimal behavior of the capsules.
Beamforming for Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) Estimation-A Survey (2013)

Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation plays a vital role in many applications. Beamforming is the most prominent technique to estimate DOA. In this survey, a study of various beamforming techniques and algorithms to estimate the direction of arrival of a signal is made. An assessment on the background robust algorithms using Nyquist sampling rate and its Compressive sensing alternative is done. It is known that Bearing estimation algorithms obtain only a small number of direction of arrivals (DOAs) within the entire angle domain, when the sources are spatially sparse. Hence, it may be concluded that, the methods those specifically exploits this spatial sparsity property is advantageous. These methods use a very small number of measurements in the form of random projections of the sensor data along with one full waveform recording at one of the sensors.
Development of ODS Ferritic-Martensitic Steels for Fast Reactor Fuel Cladding. (2000)

ウランープルトニウム混合酸化物燃料を装填して高速炉燃料要素を形成する被覆管は、高速中性子照射環境下において400～700℃の温度条件で使用される。高速炉の実用化段階では200dpa以上の極めて高いはじき出し損傷に耐える被覆管材料が要求されており、その場合の対象材料はボイドスエリング抵抗性に優れたフェライト系耐熱鋼に絞られる。しかしフェライト系鋼は600℃以上での高温強度に劣るため、フェライト鋼をベースに酸化物を微細分散して高温強度を高めたODS(Oxide Dispersion Strengthened)フェライト鋼が注目される。これまでに高速炉用燃料被覆管材料として開発されたODSフェライト鋼には米国のMA957がある。MA957は14Crフェライト鋼にY2O3を分散した合金であり、難加工性であるため被覆管への製管は800℃程度の温感圧延を必要とし、作製した被覆管は燃料要素として重要な周方向の内圧クリープ強度が極端に低下するという課題があった。そこで筆者らは、高速炉燃料被覆管への適用を目指してODSフェライト鋼に特有の難加工性と低延性、および圧延加工材が有する強度異方性を克服して、冷間圧延による被覆管への優れた加工性と世界最高レベルの内圧クリープ強度を有するODSフェライト-マルテンサイト鋼を開発したので、その概要を報告する。
A 10 bit resolution, 80 msamples/sec. pipelined ADC architecture (2005)

This work presents the analyses and design of a fast analog to digital converter architecture intended for high-speed data streaming applications such as the IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN. Since high conversion speed and high resolution are required, a pipelined topology is the architecture of choice for the ADC. Realized with fully-differential switched-capacitor circuits, this topology provides an optimal compromise between high component precision and high-speed circuit performance. With the gain boosting technique, high-gain and fast-settling opamps are designed for the seven pipeline stages. In order to optimize the die area and power consumption, a flash converter provides the final 3 bits of the conversion word. A 10-bit precision is ensured with a digital self-calibration process that cancels offset and gain errors. The ADC is fabricated in a 0.13 /spl mu/m standard analog CMOS technology. It occupies 0.35 mm/sup 2/ and the typical power dissipation is 42 mW.
Coded CSI Reference Signals for 5G - Exploiting Sparsity of FDD Massive MIMO Radio Channels (2016)

Future 5G systems are expected to provide higher performance, partly unleashed by massive MIMO as well as tight cooperation like joint transmission CoMP. For paired and unpaired spectrum below 6 GHz RF-frequency bands, frequency division duplex as well as time division duplex (FDD/TDD) has to be supported. The use of large cooperation areas over several cells together with massive MIMO downlink transmission is challenging in particular for FDD systems, due to two requirements. First, the channel state information (CSI) for downlinks from a large number of antennas has to be obtained without unreasonable overhead due to the transmission of orthogonal downlink reference (pilot) signals from these antennas. Second, relevant channel estimates have to be made available at the network side without an unrealistic uplink control signaling overhead. Pilot contamination has been extensively discussed in the literature as upper bounding performance, due to either exploding overhead for orthogonal reference signals or due to limited CSI accuracy, which is detrimental especially for sensitive interference cancellation schemes. We here propose a strategy for channel estimation of a large number of FDD downlink channels that works without an unreasonable pilot overhead. Analysis of channel statistics for urban macro scenarios applying massive MIMO - potentially combined with strong UE beamforming - reveal a sparse nature of the typical channel matrices. We propose a coded allocation of CSI reference signals, inherently exploiting this sparse nature. It allows accurate CSI estimation of UE individual subsets of relevant channel components despite a very low reference signal overhead of typically less than 5 percent.
Detection and Distinction of DNT and TNT with a Fluorescent Conjugated Polymer Using the Microwave Conductivity Technique (2012)

We report the detection and distinction of dinitrotoluene (DNT) and trinitrotoluene (TNT) by the microwave conductivity technique using a cyclopentadithiophene-bithiazole-based polymer (CPDT-BT) as sensor. Although the conventional fluorescence quenching experiments showed just "turn OFF" of the polymer fluorescence for both DNT and TNT, time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) revealed that the photoconductivity of the polymer, which is "turned OFF" in the pristine state became "ON" in the presence of DNT but remained "OFF" with TNT, allowing easy distinction between them. Moreover, the decay rate of the transient kinetics was found to be sensitive to the DNT concentration, implementing a unique method for the determination of unknown DNT concentration. The observations are discussed in viewpoint of charge separation (CS) and formation of charge transfer (CT) complex by considering deeper LUMO of TNT than DNT calculated from the DFT method. This study brings out a novel technique of speedy detection and distinction of environmentally important analytes, an alternative to the fluorescence quenching.
SUPPRESSOR T CELLS IN FAMILY MEMBERS OF PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (1986)

Previous serial measurements of lymphocyte subpopulations in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) have demonstrated periodic reductions in the number of OKT8 positive (T8+) cells. In this longitudinal study, involving twice monthly samples from each participant and carried out in two phases lasting at least six and three months respectively, we have confirmed that fluctuations in T8+ cells occur in patients with MS and also found a significant reduction in this lymphocyte subpopulation in patients' spouses but not their siblings, compared with unrelated controls. The changes observed in spouses were related in time to those occurring in patients on 10/13 occasions from 5/9 families; no temporal relationship occurred in the remainder. Taking two or more low T8+ values as significant, 12/13 patients, 7/9 spouses, 6/13 siblings and 4/13 controls (chi 2 = 12.5; P less than 0.01) were abnormal at some stage. Our results provide indirect evidence for the role of environmental factors in determining certain immunological abnormalities present in patients with MS and illustrate the role of family studies in determining the specificity of these changes to the disease.
24 HIGHER BODY MASS INDEX IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF TREATMENT FAILURE AND SURGERY IN BIOLOGIC-TREATED PATIENTS WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS (2018)

Though pharmacokinetic studies suggest accelerated biologic drug clearance with increasing body weight, evidence of obesity’s impact on clinical outcomes in biologic-treated patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is inconsistent. Hence, we evaluated the impact of obesity on response to biologic therapy in UC patients. In a single-center retrospective cohort study between 2011–16 of biologic-treated UC patients, we evaluated treatment response by baseline body mass index (BMI). Primary outcome was treatment failure (IBD-related surgery/hospitalization or treatment modification, including dose escalation, treatment discontinuation or addition of corticosteroids); secondary outcomes were IBD-related surgery/hospitalization and endoscopic remission. We conducted multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses and logistic regression (for endoscopic remission) to evaluate the independent impact of BMI on clinical outcomes. Stratified analysis by weight-based regimens (infliximab) or fixed-dosing regimens (adalimumab, golimumab, vedolizumab, certolizumab pegol) was performed. We included 160 biologic-treated UC patients (50% males, 55% on infliximab) with median [IQR] age 36y [26–52] and BMI 24.3 [21.4–28.7] kg/m2. On multivariate analysis, each 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with 4% increase in the risk of treatment failure (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 1.04 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.00–1.08], p=0.034), 8% increase in the risk of surgery/hospitalization (aHR 1.08 [95%CI 1.02–1.14], p=0.008), and 6% lower odds of achieving endoscopic remission (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 0.94 [95%CI 0.87–1.00], p=0.070). The effect on treatment failure was seen in patients on weight-based dosing regimens (aHR 1.05 [95%CI 1.00–1.10], p=0.05) or fixed-dose therapies (aHR 1.05 [95%CI 0.99–1.12], p=0.106). BMI is independently associated with decreased response to biologic agents in UC patients, which may be independent of dosing regimen.
Dielectric relaxation in the planarly-aligned nematic phase of a siloxane side-chain polymer Comparison of theory with experiment (1986)

Abstract We show that the dielectric loss spectra of the planarly-aligned nematic phase of a liquid-crystalline siloxane side-chain polymer consist of a single broad curve, as predicted by theory.
A Concise Synthesis of the Octalactins (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A review of vessel extraction techniques and algorithms (2004)

Vessel segmentation algorithms are the critical components of circulatory blood vessel analysis systems. We present a survey of vessel extraction techniques and algorithms. We put the various vessel extraction approaches and techniques in perspective by means of a classification of the existing research. While we have mainly targeted the extraction of blood vessels, neurosvascular structure in particular, we have also reviewed some of the segmentation methods for the tubular objects that show similar characteristics to vessels. We have divided vessel segmentation algorithms and techniques into six main categories: (1) pattern recognition techniques, (2) model-based approaches, (3) tracking-based approaches, (4) artificial intelligence-based approaches, (5) neural network-based approaches, and (6) tube-like object detection approaches. Some of these categories are further divided into subcategories. We have also created tables to compare the papers in each category against such criteria as dimensionality, input type, preprocessing, user interaction, and result type.
Enhanced stability of NADH/dehydrogenase mixture system by water-soluble phospholipid polymers (2016)

To maintain activity in a coenzyme/enzyme mixture system, such as β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)/dehydrogenase, the water-soluble 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymers as an additive were synthesized and investigated for their stabilizing function. The inhibitor for the NADH/dehydrogenase reaction was spontaneously formed when the NADH was stored in the
dehydrogenase solution. Therefore, we hypothesized that if the additive polymer could interact with an inhibitor without any adverse effect on the dehydrogenase, the activity in the NADH/dehydrogenase mixture could be maintained. We selected lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) as the enzyme, and the NADH was
dissolved and incubated at 37°C in the LDH solution containing the polymers. The phospholipid polymers
used in this study were poly(MPC) (PMPC), poly(MPC-co-3-trimethylammonium-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate chloride) (PMQ) and poly[MPC-co-potassium 3-methacryloyloxypropyl sulfonate (MSO3)] (PMMSO3). The poly(MSO3) was used as a reference. For the PMQ and PMSO3 aqueous solutions, the activity of the NADH/LDH mixture system decreased with incubation time as the same level or lower than that in the Tris buffered solution in the absence of the polymers. However, for the poly(MPC-co-MSO3)
(PMMSO3) aqueous solution, the activity of the NADH/LDH mixed system was six times higher than that in the buffered solution even after a 3-days incubation. The LDH activity was 1.5-1.8 times higher in the presence of the PMMSO3 compared with that in the PMSO3 solution. The mixture of two polymers, poly(MPC) and poly(MSO3), did not produce any stabilization. Thus, both the MPC and MSO3 units in the polymer chain had important and cooperative effects for stabilizing the NADH/LDH mixture.
Design and Optimization of Coin-Shaped Microreactor Chips for PET Radiopharmaceutical Synthesis (2010)

The reactor has the potential to produce multiple human doses of (18)F-FDG; the most impact, however, is expected in the synthesis of PET radiopharmaceuticals that can be made only with low yields by currently available equipment.
DOES THE EXPERIENCE OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS IMPACT THE PROLONGED POST ANESTHESIA CARE UNIT STAY, IN AN AMBULATORY SETTING? (1999)

S28 INTRODUCTION: The monitoring of patients post operatively in Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) reduces morbidity and has become the standard of care following surgery. However, there are no standards available for appropriate length of stay in PACU, furthermore, prolonged stay in PACU is expensive. It has been suggested that anesthetic time, anesthetic technique, and amount of intraoperative fluids could be predictors for appropriate length of stay in PACU. [1] Which can vary amongst different anesthesiologists. We undertook the following retrospective study to examine the impact of experience of anesthesiologists on prolonged stay in PACU in an ambulatory setting. METHODS: After obtaining permission from human subjects we analyzed information on 903 cases. These cases were done in our ambulatory surgical center from January to June 1998. We gathered the following information about all the patients: data of surgery, type of surgery, attending surgeon, attending anesthesiologist, type of anesthesia, time spent in PACU. As there is nothing in the literature based on objective patient variables describing ideal time in PACU, we set an arbitrary time limit of 120 minutes. Prolonged stay in PACU was defined as stay greater than 120 minutes after surgery. We calculated total number of patients who had prolonged stay in PACU for each anesthesiologist. We also gathered information about how many years each anesthesiologist has been working after finishing residency training. Statistical comparisons were performed employing linear regression analysis and Spearman's rank order correlation coefficients. A p value <.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The following Table 1 shows our results. * Percentage of cases who had prolonged stay in PACU.Table 1DISCUSSION: PACU's require large nurse to patient ratios and hence can contribute significantly to the cost of patient care. Although many factors influence stay in PACU, from this study, prolonged stay in PACU does not appear to depend upon experience of anesthesiologist.
A zirconocene(IV) chloro-alkyl and dialkyl containing chiral α-cabon atoms, [Zr(η-C5H5)2(R*)(X)][R*= CH(SiMe3)C6H4Me-o, X = Cl or R*]: synthesis, stereoisomerism, and d1reduction products (1981)

Reactions of [Zr(η-C5H5)2Cl2] with LiR*(tmeda)[R*= CH(SiMe3)C6H4Meo, tmeda = Me2NCH2CH2–NMe2] under different conditions yield [Zr(η-C5H5)2(Cl)R*](3), and the diastereoisomers meso-(2a) and rac-(2b)[Zr(η-C5H5)2R*2], the latter of which is prepared from (2a) by photolysis or thermolysis; [Zr(η-C5H5)2R*(thf)x](x= 0–2) is obtained and characterised by e.s.r. spectroscopy in tetrahydrofuran (thf) solution by (a) Na [C10H8]–thf reduction of complex (2a), (2b), or (3)[via the radical anion of (3), itself accessible by reversible one-electron reduction of (3)], or (b) Na–Hg–thf-reduction of (3).
Pattern and Polarization Diversity Multi-Sector Annular Antenna for IoT Applications (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This work proposes a small pattern and polarization diversity multi-sector annular antenna with electrical size and profile of ka=1.2 and 0.018lambda, respectively. The antenna is planar and comprises annular sectors that are fed using different ports to enable digital beamforming techniques, with efficiency and gain of up to 78\% and 4.62 dBi, respectively. The cavity mode analysis is used to describe the design concept and the antenna diversity. The proposed method can produce different polarization states (e.g. linearly and circularly polarized patterns), and pattern diversity characteristics covering the elevation plane. Owing to its small electrical size, low-profile and diversity properties, the solution shows good promise to enable advanced radio applications like wireless physical layer security in many emerging and size-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices.&lt;/p&gt;
Lung transplantation in HIV-positive patients: a European retrospective cohort study (2022)

<b>In selected HIV-positive patients, lung transplantation provided good transplant and patient survivals, without more infections than reported in HIV-negative patients. Further work is needed to determine the best immunosuppressive regimens.</b>https://bit.ly/3kyLnDL
Effect of age on prevalence of anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibodies in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (2005)

ACPA are present in low prevalence in polyarticular JIA and are particularly found in the RF-positive subset. With age, a significant increase in anti-CCP2 positivity is observed in polyarticular JIA patients.
Sparse Distributed Memory (1988)

From the Publisher:
Motivated by the remarkable fluidity of memory the way in which items are pulled spontaneously and effortlessly from our memory by vague similarities to what is currently occupying our attention Sparse Distributed Memory presents a mathematically elegant theory of human long term memory.
The book, which is self contained, begins with background material from mathematics, computers, and neurophysiology; this is followed by a step by step development of the memory model. The concluding chapter describes an autonomous system that builds from experience an internal model of the world and bases its operation on that internal model. Close attention is paid to the engineering of the memory, including comparisons to ordinary computer memories.
Sparse Distributed Memory provides an overall perspective on neural systems. The model it describes can aid in understanding human memory and learning, and a system based on it sheds light on outstanding problems in philosophy and artificial intelligence. Applications of the memory are expected to be found in the creation of adaptive systems for signal processing, speech, vision, motor control, and (in general) robots. Perhaps the most exciting aspect of the memory, in its implications for research in neural networks, is that its realization with neuronlike components resembles the cortex of the cerebellum.
Pentti Kanerva is a scientist at the Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science at the NASA Ames Research Center and a visiting scholar at the Stanford Center for the Study of Language and Information. A Bradford Book.
Crossing the threshold of ultrafast laser writing in bulk silicon (2017)

An important challenge in the field of three-dimensional ultrafast laser processing is to achieve permanent modifications in the bulk of silicon and narrow-gap materials. Recent attempts by increasing the energy of infrared ultrashort pulses have simply failed. Here, we establish that it is because focusing with a maximum numerical aperture of about 1.5 with conventional schemes does not allow overcoming strong nonlinear and plasma effects in the pre-focal region. We circumvent this limitation by exploiting solid-immersion focusing, in analogy to techniques applied in advanced microscopy and lithography. By creating the conditions for an interaction with an extreme numerical aperture near 3 in a perfect spherical sample, repeatable femtosecond optical breakdown and controllable refractive index modifications are achieved inside silicon. This opens the door to the direct writing of three-dimensional monolithic devices for silicon photonics. It also provides perspectives for new strong-field physics and warm-dense-matter plasma experiments.Ultrafast laser processing is a versatile three-dimensional photonic structuring method but it has been limited to wide band gap materials like glasses. Here, Chanal et al. demonstrate direct refractive-index modification in the bulk of silicon by extreme localization of the energy deposition.
Structural and Functional Analysis of Angucycline C-6 Ketoreductase LanV Involved in Landomycin Biosynthesis (2013)

Angucyclines are biologically active natural products constructed around a common benz[a]anthraquinone carbon frame. One key branching point in the biosynthesis of angucyclines is the ketoreduction at C-6, which results in the opposite stereochemistry of landomycins and urdamycins/gaudimycins. Here we present the 1.65 Å resolution crystal structure of LanV from Streptomyces cyanogenus S136 that is responsible for the 6R stereochemistry of landomycins. The enzyme displays the common architectural fold of short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases/reductases and contains bound nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Determination of the structure of LanV in complex with 11-deoxylandomycinone at 2.0 Å resolution indicated that substrate binding does not induce large conformational changes and that substrate recognition occurs mainly through hydrophobic interactions. Analysis of the electron density map of the ternary complex revealed that the catalytic reaction had most likely proceeded backward in the crystal, because the data could be best fit with a compound harboring a carbonyl group at C-6. A coordinated water molecule was atypically identified between the ligand and the conserved Tyr160 residue, which was confirmed to be critical for the catalytic activity by site-directed mutagenesis. A catalytic triad of Ser147, Tyr160, and Lys164 could be recognized on the basis of the crystal structure, and stereoselective labeling studies demonstrated that the transfer of hydride from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate to the substrate occurs from the 4-pro-S side of the cosubstrate. Importantly, Ser192 was identified as being involved in controlling the stereochemistry of the reaction, as assays with single mutant Ser192Ile led to accumulation of gaudimycin C with 6S stereochemistry as a minor product.