gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loss and thermal noise in plasmonic waveguides (2014)

Rytov's theory of thermally generated radiation is used to find the noise in two-dimensional passive guides based on an arbitrary distribution of lossy isotropic dielectric. To simplify calculations, the Maxwell curl equations are approximated using difference equations that also permit a transmission-line analogy, and material losses are assumed to be low enough for modal losses to be estimated using perturbation theory. It is shown that an effective medium representation of each mode is valid for both loss and noise and, hence, that a one-dimensional model can be used to estimate the best achievable noise factor when a given mode is used in a communications link. This model only requires knowledge of the real and imaginary parts of the modal dielectric constant. The former can be found by solving the lossless eigenvalue problem, while the latter can be estimated using perturbation theory. Because of their high loss, the theory is most relevant to plasmonic waveguides, and its application is demonstrated using single interface, slab, and slot guide examples. The best noise performance is offered by the long-range plasmon supported by the slab guide.
Ultrasonically enhanced transdermal drug delivery. Experimental approaches to elucidate the mechanism (1994)

The effect of therapeutic range ultrasound on skin permeability was studied in vitro. Permeating molecule ionization state, pH, ultrasound duration, reversibility of the enhancement phenomenon, and skin structural alterations were evaluated. It was found that ultrasound affects the permeability of both ionized and unionized molecules. No irreversible structural alterations due to the ultrasound exposure were detected in the stratum corneum. Ultrasound enhancing mechanism was discussed.
FDG-PET SCANS IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL USE DISORDER (2019)

Loneliness is common in aging people. Also it is associated with adverse health consequences both from a mental and physical health. We investigate the relationship of loneliness and brain volume in aging people.Previous research has suggested that loneliness is associated with posterior superior temporal sulcus(pSTS). However, pSTS responds strongly to a range of human motion including biological motion. The current study has investigated the relationships between other brain structuresu2019 volume associated with loneliness and loneliness.The current study included 122 participants aged &gt;60 years. They did UCLA loneliness scale. Brain Volume was assessed with a FreeSurfer from magnetic resonance images acquired on a 3T scanner. We confirmed relationship with loneliness and brain volume.To summarize, our results indicates that loneliness has correlations with nucleus accumbens. Nucleus accumbens to be involved in (social) reward processing. Nucleus accumbens would become less responsive to social reward signals, exacerbating the sense of social isolation. So this region might be important to loneliness
Di-µ-Hydroxy-bis(N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylenediamine)copper(II) Chloride {[Cu(OH)˙TMEDA]2Cl2} Catalyzed Tandem Phosphorous-Carbon Bond Formation-Oxyfunctionalization: Efficient Synthesis of Phenacyl Tertiary [nl]Phosphine-Boranes (2009)

A novel [Cu(OH)˙TMEDA]2Cl2 catalyzed tandem reaction has been developed for the synthesis of a series of sterically and electronically divergent phenacyl tertiary phosphine-boranes.
Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry to Study Reacting Polymer Systems (1999)

Modulated (temperature) differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC or MDSC) is used to study simultaneously the evolution of heat flow and heat capacity for the isothermal and non-isothermal reactions of polymer systems. An epoxy-anhydride thermosetting system is treated as an example. Vitrification and devitrtification steps are observed. The heat flow phase during isothermal and non-isothermal cure is always small, but its evolution contains information on relaxation phenomena, vitrification and devitrification, in the course of the chemical reaction. Modelling of the (heat flow related) chemical kinetics and the (heat capacity related) mobility restrictions contributes to a better understanding of the reaction mechanism and reaction kinetics up to a high degree of chemical conversion. The use of MTDSC as a tool for a quantitative construction of the vitrification curve in Temperature-Time-Transformation (TTT) and Continuous-Heating-Transformation (CHT) diagrams is illustrated.
Simultaneous in situ measurement of film thickness and temperature by using multiple wavelengths pyrometric interferometry (MWPI) (1993)

Film thickness and temperature are two of the most important quantities in semiconductor manufacturing. They play a fundamental role in many standard production techniques like chemical vapor deposition (CVD, LPCVD, PECVD), thermal oxidation and diffusion. They are especially important for more recently developed technologies like molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), metal organic MBE (MOMBE), metal organic CVD (MOCVD), chemical beam epitaxy (CBE), etc. In this paper, an optical in situ method for simultaneous film thickness and temperature measurements-named multiple wavelengths pyrometric interferometry (MWPI)-is introduced, which is capable of high resolution (up to 0.1 nm for thickness and 0.025 K for temperature) and for real time data evaluation. It can be used for process control as well as in situ quality inspection without time delay or additional handling mechanisms and is suitable for monitoring single films as well as multilayer structures. MWPI is insensitive to vibration, rotation and misalignment of the wafer. Due to its optical basis it is also insensitive to hostile environments like high temperature and/or chemical reactive gases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analysis of the temperature influences on the metrological properties of polymer piezoelectric load sensors applied in Weigh-in-Motion systems (2012)

This paper describes temperature influence on the uncertainty of weighing results in Weigh in Motion systems (WIM). The analysis bases on the long-term investigation of the WIM site, as well as on simulation tests conducted on sensor and conditioning circuit models. The drawn conclusions suggest, that this uncertainty may be significantly reduced if a proper temperature correction algorithm is applied.
Intelligence and policy: A comment (1991)

(1991). Intelligence and policy: A comment. Intelligence and National Security: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 229-239.
Photon-measurement density functions Part 2: Finite-element-method calculations (1995)

This paper presents a method to calculate photon-measurement density functions (PMDF's), which were introduced in Part 1 [Appl. Opt. 34, 7395-7409 (1995), for near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy in complex and inhomogeneous objects through the use of a finite-element model. PMDF's map the sensitivity of a measurement on the surface of an object to the perturbations of the optical parameters within the object. Data are presented for homogeneous and layered circular objects and for a complex two-dimensional model of a head. In particular the influence of the optical parameters on the shape of the PMDF and the distortions caused by boundary layers and complex inhomogeneties are investigated.
Development and Testing of the Regeneratively Cooled Multiple Use Plug Hybrid (for) Nanosats (MUPHyN) Motor (2012)

The Multiple Use Plug Hybrid (for) Nanosats prototype thruster is being developed to ll a niche application for NanoSat scale spacecraft propulsion. The MUPHyN thruster uses safe-handling and inexpensive nitrous oxide (N2O) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) as propellants. The MUPHyN system provides attitude control using secondaryinjection thrust vectoring and allows large impulse V and small impulse attitude control and proximity burns to be performed with the same system. To insure survivability during extend duration burns, the MUPHyN incorporates a novel regenerative cooling design where the N2O oxidizer ows through a cooling path embedded in the aerospike nozzle before being injected into the combustion chamber near the nozzle base. Digital manufacturing was used to fabricate the nozzle components. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) was used to fabricate the solid fuel grain from the ABS thermoplastic. When fully developed, the MUPHyN thruster will provide an enhanced propulsive capability that will enable multiple NanoSats to be independently re-positioned after deployment from the parent launch vehicle. Because the environmentally benign propellants are mixed only within the combustion chamber once the ignition is initiated, the system is inherently safe and can be piggy-backed on a secondary payload with no overall mission risk increase to the primary payload.
Flavonoid compounds: a review of anticancer properties and interactions with cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (2004)

Abstract Flavonoid compounds, especially quercetin and genistein, have antitumor activity. These compounds are cytotoxic to cancer cells but have no or insignificant activity in normal cells. These beneficial properties prompted synthesis of flavonoid synthetic derivatives, e.g., flavopiridol; 5‐amino‐2,3‐fluorophenyl)‐6,8‐difluoro‐7‐methyl‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one; B43‐genistein and EGF‐genistein). cis ‐DDP ( cis ‐diamminedichloroplatinum(II)) is one of the most effective drugs used for chemotherapy, but its actions are limited by many side effects. Beneficial synergistic effects of flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, genistein, butein, tannic acid) and cis ‐DDP were found in cis ‐DDP‐sensitive and resistant cancer cells that resulted in a lower toxicity for cis ‐DDP. Further studies focused on the synthesis of complexes of compounds belonging to different groups, e.g., cis ‐bis(3‐aminoflavone)dichloroplatinum(II) where introduction of the flavone ligand altered the DNA‐binding properties of the complex as compared to cis ‐DDP alone. The beneficial anticancer and antioxidant properties of flavonoids and their synthetic derivatives have prompted further research on the synergistic interactions of these compounds with routinely applied chemotherapeutic drugs, e.g. cis ‐DDP. Drug Dev. Res. 63:200–211, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HEPATITIS B VIRUS REPLICATION AND TUBERCULIN REACTIVITY: STUDIES IN ALASKA (1987)

In a previous study in 1982-1984 of southeast Asian refugees in Philadelphia, the authors found that hepatitis B virus carriers who reacted to a tuberculin (purified protein derivative (PPD)) skin test were more likely to be negative for the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) than carriers who did not react to PPD. Because it was not known whether the PPD reactivity was due to natural infection or vaccination with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the authors conducted a further study in 1985 in Alaskan Native hepatitis B carriers, a group not vaccinated with BCG. The inverse association of HBeAg and PPD reactivity was confirmed across all age groups and was similar in magnitude to that observed in the refugee population. The host response to tubercle bacilli may inhibit the replication of hepatitis B virus. If the host response to BCG is similar, BCG vaccination may be of therapeutic value in chronic hepatitis B infection.
Consumer Access, Appraisal, and Application of Services and Information for Dementia (CAAASI-Dem): a validation study (2021)

<b>Objectives:</b> The Consumer Access, Appraisal, and Application of Services and Information for Dementia (CAAASI-Dem) was developed to examine individuals' self-assessed confidence in their ability to access, appraise and use dementia services and information. The CAAASI-Dem is the only tool to date to measure this crucial component of dementia literacy. This study was designed to validate its structural validity.<b>Method:</b> Data was collected from 3277 participants enrolled in an on-line dementia course. The five-factor structure of the CAAASI-Dem, which was derived from a previous exploratory factor analysis, was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Internal reliability, convergent and divergent validity, and known-groups validity were assessed. <b>Results:</b> The five-factor model demonstrated good fit with the observed data with the removal of 2 items and movement of 1 item across the factors. The resultant 24-item five-factor CAAASI-Dem showed very good sub-scale internal reliability and satisfactory convergent and divergent validity. There was good discrimination between groups of participants with different levels of care experience.<b>Conclusion:</b> The results provided evidence for the 24-item CAAASI-Dem as a valid and reliable five-dimensional scale. Limitations of the study are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research and practice.
Tricyclo[2,2,2,02,6]octan und Tricyclo[2,2,2,02,6]oct‐7‐en Konjugation in Cyclopropyl‐äthylenen. Bicyclo[2. 2. 2]octan‐Reihe, 6. Mitteilung (1963)

Abstract 3,5‐Dibromo‐tricyclo[2.2.2.0 2,6 ]octane (3), which is obtained by homoconjugative addition of bromine to bicyclo[2.2.2]octa‐2.5‐diene ( 1 ), is shown by NMR.‐spectroscopy to be a mixture containing ca. 72% of the trans stereoisomer 13 and ca. 28% of a cis stereoisomer, presumably the exo‐cis from 11 . Upon treatment with zinc in dimethylformamide these tricyclic dibromides 3 revert to the diene 1 . Hydrogenation over nickel produces bicyclo[2.2.2]octane ( 15 ) and a small amount of tricyclo‐[2.2.2.0 2,6 ]octane ( 4 ), which has been synthesized from bicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐2‐one ( 16 ) by a Bamford‐Stevens reaction. In addition to the diene 1 , Cope‐elimination of 2‐(dimethylamino‐N‐oxido)‐bicyclo[2.2.2]‐oct‐5‐ene ( 9 ) produces small amounts of the abnormal 1,3‐elimination product tricyclo[2.2.2.0 2,6 ]oct‐7‐ene ( 5 ). The latter compound has been prepared in high yield by a Bamford‐Stevens reaction on bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐2‐en‐5‐one ( 23 ). In tricyclo[2.2.2.0 2,6 ]oct‐7‐ene ( 5 ) the plane of the double bond symmetrically bisects the cyclopropane ring. Strong conjugation of the cyclopropyl‐ethylene system is indicated by the UV.‐absorption maximum at 206 mμ (log ϵ = 3.71), which shows a bathochromic shift of 23 mμ with respect to cyclohexene.
The challenge of measuring lung structure. On the "Standards for the Quantitative Assessment of Lung Structure". (2010)

The purpose of this review is to call attention of respiratory scientists to an Official Policy Statement jointly issued by the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society on "Standards for the Quantitative Assessment of Lung Structure", based on an extended report of a joint task force of 20 experts, and recently published in the Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. This document provides investigators of normal and diseased lung structure with a review of the stereological methods that allow measurements to be done on sections. It critically discusses the preparation procedures, the conditions for unbiased sampling of the lung for microscopic study, and the potential applications of such methods. Here we present some case studies that underpin the importance of using accurate methods of structure quantification and outline paths into the future for structure-function studies on lung diseases.
Crystal structure of azoreductase AzoR from Escherichia coli (2005)

Azoreductase AzoR is an oxidoreductase isolated from Escherichia coli as an enzyme responsible for the reduction of azo compounds. As the first step toward the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of function, we determined the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme by X-ray crystallography at 1.8 Å resolution. The crystal structure has revealed that AzoR is an FMN-containing and homodimeric enzyme. Each monomer consists of a twisted central parallel β-sheet surrounded on both sides by helices. The overall folding of the protein resembles NQO1, originally called DT-diaphorase [NAD(P)H: quinone reductase, EC 1.6.99.2], a mammalian FAD containing protein without significant sequence identity. (Communicated by Masanori OTSUKA, M.J.A.)
Modified Linear Dextrins (“Acyclodextrins”) as New Chiral Selectors for the Gas‐Chromatographic Separation of Enantiomers (2005)

Cyclic or acyclic: Not only modified cyclodextrins but also modified linear dextrins like the silylated (R)and acetylated (R1) maltoheptaose derivatives 1 are suitable selectors for separating racemic N-trifluoroacetyl-O-alkyl esters of α-amino acids by gas chromatography. In the example shown, racemic N-trifluoroacetylserine O-ethyl ester is resolved.
Preparation and Characterization of New Pb(Yb1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 Ternary Piezo-/Ferroelectric Crystals (2010)

Piezo-/ferroelectric crystals of a new Pb(Yb1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 ternary solid solution system with the dimensions of 30 × 30 × 12 mm3 have been grown by the top-seeded solution growth method for the first time. The crystal structure is analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction at various temperature. The composition of the grown crystals is found to be near the ternary morphotropic phase boundary. The Curie temperature TC reaches 205 °C. The piezoelectric coefficient d33 and the longitudinal electromechanical coupling factor k33 are found to be 1800 pC/N and 90%, respectively. A remanent polarization Pr of 27.8 μC/cm2 is displayed with a coercive field Ec of about 7 kV/cm. These results show that the PYMNT crystals exhibit a higher TC and a larger coercive field than the binary PMN-PT piezocrystals, making this material a promising candidate for high-power electromechanical transducers that can operate in a wider temperature range.
Spray pyrolysis deposition and characterization of highly (100) oriented magnesium oxide thin films (2007)

Abstract Transparent dielectric thin films of MgO has been deposited on quartz substrates at different temperatures between 400 and 600°C by a pneumatic spray pyrolysis technique using Mg(CH 3 COO) 2 ·4H 2 O as a single molecular precursor. The thermal behavior of the precursor magnesium acetate is described in the results of thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The prepared films are reproducible, adherent to the substrate, pinhole free and uniform. Amongst the different spray process parameters, the substrate temperature effect has been optimized for obtaining single crystalline and transparent MgO thin films. The films crystallize in a cubic structure and X‐ray diffraction measurements have shown that the polycrystalline MgO films prepared at 500°C with (100) and (110) orientations are changed to (100) preferred orientation at 600°C. The MgO phase formation was also confirmed with the recorded Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) results. The films deposited at 600°C exhibited highest optical transmittivity (&gt;80%) and the direct band gap energy was found to vary from 4.50 to 5.25 eV with a rise in substrate temperature from 500 to 600°C. The measured sheet resistance and the resistivity of the film prepared at 600°C were respectively 10 13 Ω/□ and 2.06x10 7 Ω cm. The surface morphology of the prepared MgO thin films was examined by atomic force microscopy. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Next-Generation Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) for Cancer Therapy (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTNext-Generation Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) for Cancer TherapyJagath Reddy Junutula and Hans-Peter GerberView Author Information Vice President, Antibody Discovery & Development, Cellerant Therapeutics, Inc. CSO and Vice President, Targeted Therapeutics Discovery, Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and DevelopmentCite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2016, 7, 11, 972–973Publication Date (Web):November 10, 2016Publication History Published online10 November 2016Published inissue 10 November 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00421https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00421editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2609Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (142 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Cancer,Immunology,Peptides and proteins,Toxicity Get e-Alerts
A neighborhood search algorithm for the combined through and fleet assignment model with time windows (2004)

Abstract The fleet assignment model (FAM) for an airline assigns fleet types to a set of flight legs that satisfies a variety of constraints and minimizes the cost of the assignment. The through assignment model matches inbound flight legs into a city with the outbound flight legs at the same city that are flown by the same plane types and creates through connections (that is, flight connections with one stopover). The combined through and fleet assignment model (ctFAM) integrates both the models into a single model and obtains optimal fleet and through assignments by varying both sets of decision variables simultaneously. In a recent article, Ahuja et al. ( 2001 ) proposed a very large‐scale neighborhood (VLSN) search algorithm for the ctFAM. In this article, we generalize this approach to incorporate time windows. In the model considered in this article, each flight leg has a time window associated with its departure time. The objective is to determine fleet assignment, departure time of all flight legs, and through connections between flights to minimize the total cost of fleet assignment and through connections. We call this model ctFAM with time windows or ctFAM‐TW. Allowing flexibility in the flight departure time creates greater opportunities for fleet assignment and through connections, and can reduce costs substantially. We describe the details of a VLSN search algorithm for ctFAM‐TW and also present computational results of our algorithm on the data provided by a large U.S. airline. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 44(2), 160–171 2004
Conformal predictors for online track classification (2014)

This paper considers online classification problems where each object to be classified consists of a sequence of measurements, termed here a track. We present an approach that combines ideas from sequential hypothesis testing with those from conformal prediction to address track level outliers - entire measurement sequences that are novel relative to the statistical model. We show with analysis and empirical results that this approach preserves the optimal performance of the underlying sequential hypothesis testing when outliers are absent and provides an error rate guarantee in the presence of contamination by novel tracks.