gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiplex imaging of breast cancer lymph node metastases identifies prognostic single-cell populations independent of clinical classifiers (2023)

Although breast cancer mortality is largely caused by metastasis, clinical decisions are based on analysis of the primary tumor and on lymph node involvement but not on the phenotype of disseminated cells. Here, we use multiplex imaging mass cytometry to compare single-cell phenotypes of primary breast tumors and matched lymph node metastases in 205 patients. We observe extensive phenotypic variability between primary and metastatic sites and that disseminated cell phenotypes frequently deviate from the clinical disease subtype. We identify single-cell phenotypes and spatial organizations of disseminated tumor cells that are associated with patient survival and a weaker survival association for high-risk phenotypes in the primary tumor. We show that p53 and GATA3 in lymph node metastases provide prognostic information beyond clinical classifiers and can be measured with standard methods. Molecular characterization of disseminated tumor cells is an untapped source of clinically applicable prognostic information for breast cancer.
Metabolism and function of hepatitis B virus cccDNA: Implications for the development of cccDNA-targeting antiviral therapeutics. (2015)

Persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection relies on the stable maintenance and proper functioning of a nuclear episomal form of the viral genome called covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA. One of the major reasons for the failure of currently available antiviral therapeutics to achieve a cure of chronic HBV infection is their inability to eradicate or inactivate cccDNA. In this review article, we summarize our current understanding of cccDNA metabolism in hepatocytes and the modulation of cccDNA by host pathophysiological and immunological cues. Perspectives on the future investigation of cccDNA biology, as well as strategies and progress in therapeutic elimination and/or transcriptional silencing of cccDNA through rational design and phenotypic screenings, are also discussed. This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on “An unfinished story: from the discovery of the Australia antigen to the development of new curative therapies for hepatitis B.”
Uncovering Measurements of Social and Demographic Behavior From Smartphone Location Data (2013)

Human behavior, and in particular location behavior, is highly routine based. Modern mobile phones, through global position system (GPS) technology and cell tower and WiFi location identification, enable us to trace human location behavior at scales that were previously unattainable. The goal of this paper is to examine human location behavior, through mobile phone data, and investigate if links can be made between location behavior patterns and particular demographic and social characteristics about an individual. We hypothesize that an individual's daily predictability can be key to linking their behavior to certain characteristics, and we propose predictability and geographic areas of interest models to analyze this hypothesis. Experiments reveal that measurements, which are based on our proposed location predictability models, can correctly infer 17 different characteristics about an individual with an average accuracy of 85.5%.
Online learning of autonomous driving using channel representations of multi-modal joint distributions (2015)

Online learning of autonomous driving using channel representations of multi-modal joint distributions
Balloon catheter retrieval of dislodged coronary artery stents: A novel technique (1995)

Potential complications of intracoronary stenting include stent dislodgement and embolization. We describe a patient in whom a stent was dislodged from a coronary balloon catheter to the iliac artery. A peripheral angioplasty balloon was used to withdraw the stent into the arterial sheath and thereby remove it from the patient.
Visible Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated From Soluble Semiconducting Polymers (2005)

Visible light LEDs are produced having a layer of conjugated polymer which is cast directly from solution or formed as a gel-processed admixture with a carrier polymer. The LEDs can be formed so as to emit polarized light.
Extraction of individual components of series resistance using TCAD simulations meeting the requirements of 2- and 3-dimensional carrier flow of IBC solar cells (2017)

The series resistance (RS) of a solar cell, that influences fill factor and thus efficiency, is usually decomposed into individual components for development of optimization strategies. In this contribution we introduce a method to extract Rs of each part of the solar cell from TCAD simulation using free energy loss analysis. This method is particularly relevant for modern cell concepts where only TCAD simulation describes correctly high injection phenomena in lowly doped wafers, and where 2- or 3-dimensional carrier flow occurs (PERC, PERT, IBC) invalidating the classical analytical models for Rs description. We compare the lumped RS value extracted from the FELA to the RS extracted from the Multiple Light Intensity Method (MLIM) for IBC solar cells with various geometries and wafer doping levels, with and without a front surface field, and show that it is quite accurate even when high injection phenomena induce a slight underestimation of RS.
Heterocyclic polyfluoro-compounds. Part XXIII. Reaction of some 2-, 3-, and 4-substituted pyridine 1-oxides, 5-methylpyrimidine 1-oxide, and quinoline 1-oxide with perfluoropropene, and of pyridine 1-oxide with perfluoro-(2-methylpent-2-ene): synthesis of 2-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)-pyridines or -pyrimidines and their N-oxides and of 2,2,3-trifluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-trifluoromethylfuro[3,2-b]pyridine (1976)

Perfluoropropene reacts thermally with 2-chloro-, 2-cyano-, and 2-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)-pyridine 1-oxide and with 4-methyl-, 4-methoxy-, and 4-nitro-pyridine 1-oxide to yield carbonyl fluoride and the corresponding 2- or 4-substituted 6-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)pyridines. Thermal deoxygenation of 3-bromo-, 3-chloro-, or 3-fluoro-pyridine 1-oxide with perfluoropropene yields a mixture of the corresponding 3- and 5-halogeno-2-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)pyridines plus 2,2,3-trifluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-trifluoromethylfuro[3,2-b]pyridine and, in the cases of 3-bromo- and 3-chloro-pyridine 1-oxide, 3- and 5-fluoro-2-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)pyridine. Oxidation of the 2-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)pyridines 2-(CF3·CHF)C5H3NX (X = H, 3-Br, 3-Cl, 3-F, 4-Me, 4-NO2, 5-Br, 6-Cl, 6-CN, or 6-Me) with peroxy-acid yields the corresponding 1-oxides; 2,2,3-trifluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-trifluoromethylfuro[3,2-b]pyridine 4-oxide can be prepared similarly. Deoxygenation of pyridine 1-oxide with perfluoro-(2-methylpent-2-ene) yields 2-(2H-hexafluoroisopropyl)pyridine.Reaction of 5-methylpyrimidine 1-oxide with perfluoropropene yields 5-methyl-4- and 5-methyl-2-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)pyrimidine; oxidation of the former with peroxy-acid gives predominantly 5-methyl-4-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)pyrimidine 1-oxide.
Egg Antibody Farming and IgY Technology for Food and Biomedical Applications (2003)

포유동물과 마찬가지로 암탉은 태어날 병아리에게 계란을 통해서 면역항체를 이행시켜 해로운 병원균의 침입으로부터 병아리를 보호해준다. 즉 어미 닭의 혈청으로부터 특정항체가 난황에 이행되고 이 면역항체를 IgY라고 부르며 이것이 발육중인 태아와 갓 부화한 병아리의 면역항체가 되는 것이다. 상대적으로 면역능력이 낮은 갓 부화한 병아리는 병원균에 대한 방어능력을 계란을 통해 어미로부터 받은 항체를 통해 얻는다. 그 결과, 난황 내에는 많은 양의 IgY를 보유하게 되고 이 면역물질이 있으므로 말미암아 계란 내에 들어와 있는 병원균이나 외부에서 들어오려는 병원균을 무력화시켜 아무 탈 없이 병아리가 부화하게 된다. 이처럼 산란계에 각종 병원균을 접종함으로서 면역항체 IgY가 많이 들어 있는 계란을 생산할 수 있다. 난황 1개에는 136~340 ㎎의 IgY가 들어있고, 이는 난황 ml당 8~20 ㎎의 IgY가 함유되어 있는 셈이다. 그리고 산란계 한 마리로부터 일년에 30g 이상의 IgY를 얻을 수 있다. 산란계에 항원을 접종하여 난황으로부터 IgY를 수확하면 IgY g당 10$도 안 되는 낮은 비용으로 항체를 얻을 수 있게 된다. 이에 비하여 포유동물의 경우 1g의 IgG를 얻는데 20,000$가 소요된다. 이와 같은 IgY 제조기술을 의학, 공중 보건, 수의학, 식품안전과 같은 분야에 응용을 함으로써 잠재력이 높은 새로운 시장을 여는 장이 될 것이다. IgY기술을 더욱 폭넓게 활용할 수 있는 분야들로는 생물제제나 의학진단기구, 생리적 기능성 물질이나 기능성식품의 개발, 질병예방을 위한 경구투여제 그리고 질병감염을 막는 특정 병원균성 항미생물 제제와 같은 것들을 들 수 있다. 이 논문에서 우리가 강조하고자 하는 것은 IgY가 함유된 계란을 생산하고 섭취하였을 때 특정항체들의 결합을 통해 병원성 미생물의 성장이나 군체를 형성하는 것을 무력화시켜 결과적으로 병원균을 감소시키거나 억제시킨다는 점이다. 오늘날 약물에 내성을 지닌 박테리아의 출현으로 질병감염을 막는데 항생제의 사용효과가 점차 감소하고 있기 때문에 이러한 항생제를 대체할 수 있는 방안으로 계란항체를 이용할 수 있다.
RRSP and RID Effector Domains Dominate the Virulence Impact ofVibrio vulnificusMARTX Toxin (2018)

Rho GTPases inactivation domain and Ras/Rap1-specific endopeptidase each exert greater effects on virulence than other MARTX domains, suggesting that modulation of the Rho/Ras family of GTPases is a critical function of the toxin during intestinal infection.
Lp(a) Particles Mold Fibrin-Binding Properties of Apo(a) in Size-Dependent Manner (2002)

Our data indicate that fibrin binding is an intrinsic property of apo(a) modulated by the composite structure of the Lp(a) particle.
Students' attitudes towards teacher's use of Vietnamese in EFL classrooms at Vietnam National University Hanoi, International School (2022)

The role of L1 in L2 classrooms has without any doubt been the hot topic of debates and discussions. In particular, some linguists and educators do not support the use of L1 in teaching L2, whereas others emphasize the importance of L1 in L2 classes. Although studies have been done on both teachers’ and students’ attitudes toward L1 use in the L2 classroom, it still remains the question of when and how L1 can become an effective supporting tool for L2. The goal of this research is to present the results on the functionality of L1 (Vietnamese language) in L2 (EFL) classrooms under students’ perspectives. A survey questionnaire was designed to deliver to participants for the study: 126 students at the intermediate level of the General English program at Vietnam National University Hanoi, International School (VNU-IS). The study's findings indicated that the VNU-IS student participants were satisfied with their teacher’s use of L1. L1 usage was also discovered to be preferred for the following purposes: language functionality, managerial functionality, effective functionality, and social functionality. Among them, language functionality is most favored by VNU-IS students. The results also revealed that Vietnamese should be considered as a backup rather than a barrier for Vietnamese teachers.
Ferroelectric devices using lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanoparticles (2016)

We successfully demonstrate the synthesis of lead zirconate titanate nanoparticles (PZT NPs) and a ferroelectric device using the synthesized PZT NPs. The crystalline structure and the size of the nanocrystals are studied using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. We observe <100 nm of PZT NPs and this result matches dynamic light scattering measurements. A solution-based low-temperature process is used to fabricate PZT NP-based devices on an indium tin oxide substrate. The fabricated ferroelectric devices are characterized using various optical and electrical measurements and we verify ferroelectric properties including ferroelectric hysteresis and the ferroelectric photovoltaic effect. Our approach enables low-temperature solution-based processes that could be used for various applications. To the best of our knowledge, this low-temperature solution processed ferroelectric device using PZT NPs is the first successful demonstration of its kind.
The Specialized Proresolving Mediator 17-HDHA Enhances the Antibody-Mediated Immune Response against Influenza Virus: A New Class of Adjuvant? (2014)

Influenza viruses remain a critical global health concern. More efficacious vaccines are needed to protect against influenza virus, yet few adjuvants are approved for routine use. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) are powerful endogenous bioactive regulators of inflammation, with great clinical translational properties. In this study, we investigated the ability of the SPM 17-HDHA to enhance the adaptive immune response using an OVA immunization model and a preclinical influenza vaccination mouse model. Our findings revealed that mice immunized with OVA plus 17-HDHA or with H1N1-derived HA protein plus 17-HDHA increased Ag-specific Ab titers. 17-HDHA increased the number of Ab-secreting cells in vitro and the number of HA-specific Ab-secreting cells present in the bone marrow. Importantly, the 17-HDHA-mediated increased Ab production was more protective against live pH1N1 influenza infection in mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the biological effects of ω-3-derived SPMs on the humoral immune response. These findings illustrate a previously unknown biological link between proresolution signals and the adaptive immune system. Furthermore, this work has important implications for the understanding of B cell biology, as well as the development of new potential vaccine adjuvants.
Cigarette Smoke Impairs Airway Epithelial Wound Repair: Role of Modulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Processes and Notch-1 Signaling (2022)

Cigarette smoke (CS) induces oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in airway epithelium. It is a major risk factor for respiratory diseases, characterized by epithelial injury. The impact of CS on airway epithelial repair, which involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the Notch-1 pathway, is incompletely understood. In this study, we used primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) to evaluate the effect of CS on epithelial repair and these mechanisms. The effect of CS and/or TGF-beta1 on wound repair, various EMT and Notch-1 pathway markers and epithelial cell markers (TP63, SCGB1A) was assessed in PBECs cultured submerged, at the air-liquid interface (ALI) alone and in co-culture with fibroblasts. TGF-beta1 increased epithelial wound repair, activated EMT (shown by decrease in E-cadherin, and increases in vimentin, SNAIL1/SNAIL2/ZEB1), and increased Notch-1 pathway markers (NOTCH1/JAGGED1/HES1), MMP9, TP63, SCGB1A1. In contrast, CS decreased wound repair and vimentin, NOTCH1/JAGGED1/HES1, MMP9, TP63, SCGB1A1, whereas it activated the initial steps of the EMT (decrease in E-cadherin and increases in SNAIL1/SNAIL2/ZEB1). Using combined exposures, we observed that CS counteracted the effects of TGF-beta1. Furthermore, Notch signaling inhibition decreased wound repair. These data suggest that CS inhibits the physiological epithelial wound repair by interfering with the normal EMT process and the Notch-1 pathway.
Coagulation and Fibrinolysis Parameters in Normal Pregnancy and in Gestational Diabetes (1998)

The changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters during pregnancy, delivery and 3 days after delivery were evaluated in normotensive and gestational diabetes pregnant women. Normal pregnant women (n = 60) and pregnant women with gestational diabetes (n = 15) formed the study population. Coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters were estimated using commercial tests. Antithrombin III, thrombin-antithrombin III complexes, heparin cofactor II, protein C, protein S, tissue plasminogen activator, (t-PA) D-dimer and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1 and PAI-2) activities in normal and gestational diabetes pregnancies were determined. Thrombin-antithrombin III complexes increased and coagulation inhibitors decreased in gestational diabetes. Plasminogen activator inhibitors remained unchanged and t-PA levels increased in gestational diabetes.
Accent (1981)

Accent is a communication oriented operating system kernel being built at Carnegie-Mellon University to support the distributed personal computing project, Spice, and the development of a fault-tolerant distributed sensor network (DSN). Accent is built around a single, powerful abstraction of communication between processes, with all kernel functions, such as device access and virtual memory management accessible through messages and distributable throughout a network. In this paper, specific attention is given to system supplied facilities which support transparent network access and fault-tolerant behavior. Many of these facilities are already being provided under a modified version of VAX/UNIX. The Accent system itself is currently being implemented on the Three Rivers Corp. PERQ.
On using a hardware monitor as an intelligent peripheral (1973)

Conventionally, hardware monitoring has been performed using manually controlled off-line devices.It is suggested that a hardware monitor incorporating program control and acting as an intelligent peripheral device would realize greater utility and wider application. The development and application of such a device is described; a combination of the merits of both software and hardware monitoring techniques is claimed for it.
Inverted Acetabular Labrum Causes Insufficiency-type Stress Fracture of the Femoral Head: A Biomechanical Study (2022)

Abstract Purpose: Subchondral insufficiency-type fracture is associated with rapidly progressive osteoarthritis of the hip, but are these fractures caused by a single load event such as an injury from a fall or by stress (fatigue) from repeated loading during the activities of daily life? Our biomechanical study applied repeated loading to a simulated osteoporotic bone model to investigate the relationship between an inverted acetabular labrum and the incidence of subchondral insufficiency-type fracture of the femoral head. Methods: We performed fatigue load testing on 15 osteoporotic composite femurs, applying 2000 N at 1 Hz, 1 million times or to failure, on 5 composite femurs without silicone rubber and 10 with 10x5 mm silicone rubber. Silicone rubber was inserted as a surrogate for inversion of the acetabular labrum between the acetabulum and femoral head. Results: No breakage was noted in the 5 specimens without silicone rubber, even after the application of 1 million individual loads at 1 Hz. Fractures appeared in the anterior femoral head in all 10 specimens with 10×5 mm silicone rubber, and mean number of loads to fracture was 6389. Conclusion: Our research selected an osteoporotic bone model to investigate the effects of loading tests that were designed to mimic typical repeated loads in daily activities, using silicone rubber as a surrogate for inversion of the acetabular labrum and resulting in the development of insufficiency-type stress fracture on the femoral head.Concept diagram or graphical abstract
RDF, the Resource Description Framework (Tutorial). (1998)

Stimulated parotid salivary flow rates were compared in elderly normotensive, hypertensive, and controlled hypertensive African-Americans, the latter group taking hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). The normotensive group consisted of 15 healthy unmedicated subjects with systolic blood pressures of less than 150 mm Hg and diastolic pressures less than 90 mm Hg. The hypertensive group consisted of 10 unmedicated subjects with systolic pressures greater than 160 mm Hg and diastolic pressures greater than 100 mm Hg. The controlled hypertensive group consisted of 20 subjects taking HCTZ (50 mg, daily) with controlled blood pressures similar to the normotensive control group. Stimulated parotid salivary samples were collected from each subject. A 2% citrate solution applied to the dorsum of the tongue was used for stimulation. The results showed no significant differences in stimulated parotid flow rates between normotensive and uncontrolled hypertensive subjects. However, the medicated, controlled hypertensive subjects had a significant reduction of stimulated parotid salivary flow rates compared to both the normotensive and hypertensive groups.
Morphological Transitions during the Formation of Templated Mesoporous Materials:  Theoretical Modeling (2005)

We put forward a theoretical model for the morphological transitions of templated mesoporous materials. These materials consist of a mixture of surfactant molecules and inorganic compounds which evolve dynamically upon mixing to form different morphologies depending on the composition and conditions at which mixing occurs. Our theoretical analysis is based on the assumption that adsorption of the inorganic compounds onto mesoscopic assemblies of surfactant molecules changes the effective interactions between the surfactant molecules, consequently lowering the spontaneous curvature of the surfactant layer and inducing morphological changes in the system. On the basis of a mean field phase diagram, we are able to follow the trajectories of the system starting with different initial conditions, and predict the final morphology of the product. In a typical scenario, the reduction in the spontaneous curvature leads first to a smooth transition from compact spherical micelles to elongated worm-like micelles. In the second stage, the layer of inorganic material coating the micelles gives rise to attractive inter-micellar interactions that eventually induce a collapse of the system into a closely packed hexagonal array of coated cylinders. Other pathways may lead to different structures including disordered bicontinuous and ordered cubic phases. The model is in good qualitative agreement with experimental observations.
Technology evaluation: thrombopoietin, Genentech/Pharmacia & Upjohn. (2000)

Thrombopoietin is a protein factor that promotes growth and platelet production and can be used to avert thrombocytopenia, which can cause uncontrolled bleeding in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Genentech, having cloned the gene encoding thrombopoietin, are developing a recombinant protein technology in collaboration with Pharmacia & Upjohn for the potential treatment of thrombocytopenia in chemotherapy patients [274038]. The technology entered phase II/III clinical trials in 1998 and these were ongoing as of February 2000 [355591].
<title>Automated generation of finite-state machine lookup tables for binary morphology</title> (1996)

In a series of eleven previous papers a radically different method of implementing a wide range of neighborhood image processing operations has been presented, under the acronym SKIPSM (separated-kernel image processing using finite state machines). Simply by changing the contents of two lookup tables, one can use the same software code or the same hardware configuration can carry out a long list of operations, including binary morphology with multiple large structuring elements, multiple simultaneous steps of the grassfire transform, 'fuzzy' binary morphological operations, grey-level morphology, binary skeletonization, binary correlation, binary openings and closings in one pass, and certain global image processing operations. The execution time is very fast, and is totally independent of the size of the neighborhood or of the number of simultaneous operations being performed. This paper gives a detailed description of the steps for creating lookup tables for binary morphology.
Exciton and hole spin dynamics in ZnO investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence experiments (2008)

The carrier spin dynamics in ZnO is investigated by time-resolved optical orientation experiments. We evidence a clear circular polarization of the donor-bound exciton luminescence in both ZnO epilayer and nonintentionally doped bulk ZnO. This allows us to measure the localized hole spin relaxation time. We find ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{h}^{s}\ensuremath{\sim}350\text{ }\text{ps}$ at $T=1.7\text{ }\text{K}$ in the ZnO epilayer. The strong energy and temperature dependences of the photoluminescence polarization dynamics are well explained by the fast free exciton spin relaxation time and the ionization of bound excitons.