gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A disordered silver nanowires membrane for extraction and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection (2014)

A disordered silver nanowires membrane combining solid-phase extraction (SPE) with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used for the rapid collection and detection of food contaminants. The membrane was fabricated via filtration of the silver nanowires colloid solution, which was prepared by a solvothermal polyol process. Analytes in 5 mL of liquid phase were concentrated in less than 10 s due to their affinity for the silver nanowires on the filter membrane. The membrane combined the advantages of SPE and SERS technology for the analysis of food safety contaminants. The use of the SERS-active extraction membrane eliminated the procedure of elution, which shortened the time of analysis. It has been shown that the as-prepared membrane had good uniformity and high temporal stability under continuous laser irradiation. Qualitative and quantitative detection of phorate and melamine was further performed based on a flow-through method. The characteristic SERS intensity plotted against phorate and melamine concentrations exhibited a good linear relationship over the concentration range of 2.5 to 10 μg mL(-1) (phorate) and 2.5 to 100 μg mL(-1) (melamine).
Strategies of Gene Action in Arabidopsis during Hypoxia (1997)

Different plant species vary widely in their degree of tolerance to anaerobic stress. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying such tolerance are unknown, but both enzymes of the alcoholic fermentation pathway, pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase, are strongly induced during conditions of low oxygen. We have isolated two adh and two pdc genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.)Heynh. The patterns of expression of these genes have identified two sets of alcoholic fermentation pathway genes, each of which might play a different role in the adaptive response of the plant to anoxia. One set is strongly induced by low oxygen stress mainly in the roots, while the other set is expressed constitutively in both roots and leaves. Arabidopsis also has two haemoglobin genes, only one of which is induced by hypoxia. We are investigating the components of the signal transduction pathways leading to adh and pdc induction. Implications of our findings for metabolic engineering of plants to improve flooding tolerance are discussed.
Characterization of active hair-bundle motion: a source for auditory-organ amplificatory phenomena? (2002)

Auditory organs exhibit amplificatory phenomena whose origin is unclear. Normal human hearing, for example, requires the production of energy by some element within the cochlea. The authors show that individual hair bundles produce transient active movements. They characterize these motions and suggest that they may underlie auditory-organ amplificatory phenomena such as the cochlear amplifier and otoacoustical emissions.
Cholesteric, Thermotropic Polymers with Mesogenic Moieties and Flexible Spacers in the Main Chain (1980)

Abstract The synthesis of a new type of thermotropic soluble cholesteric polymer is described. The polymer contains nematogenic moieties separated by flexible spacers with an asymmetric center in the backbone. The polymer gives spontaneously characteristic Grandjean texturers when heated above its transition temperature between slide and cover slip. Selective reflection of light in the visible (λ ∼ 5000–5600Å) occurs for a co-polymer containing ppl-azoxyphenol/dodecanedioic acid and (+)3-methyladipic acid units.
Automatic Retinal Minimum Distance Band (MDB)Computation from SD-OCT Images (2015)

In this paper, we have proposed a novel automatic method to determine the Minimum Distance Band (MDB) from the retinal SD-OCT image. MDB is the minimum distance between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer and the Optic Nerve Head (ONH) surface. It is an effective biomarker for early detection of glaucoma. Our proposed method is the first automatic method for computing the Minimum Distance Band (MDB). This method uses the approximate location of three benchmark reference (TBMR) layers of the retina that help to reduce the search space. This approach is highly accurate in detecting the boundary layers even in the presence of pathology. The terminal points of the RPE serve as the ONH region. The accuracies of ONH and MDB are tested against 13 manually graded optic disc centred SD-OCT volumes (11 B-scan per volume) of Glaucoma patients as a gold standard. Our method is very effective with mean and standard deviation of the error of the ONH width and MDB of 5.36±5.55 and 14.96±17.75 respectively. The precision, recall and F1 score for the ONH region are 94.90, 98.14 and 96.49 respectively.
522 Friction and wear Properties of Al2O3/Al composite by using low-pressure casting method (2009)

Low-pressure infiltration technique is useful for the preparation of high performance composites with large size and complex shape. In this study, the porous preform was fabricated from Al_2O_3 short fiber with 3μm in diameter. AC8A molten aluminum alloy was attempted to infiltrate perform of the various volume fractions. Al_2O_3 fiber preform with 10%, 15 and 20% in volume fraction (vol%) had good infiltration. For Al_2O_3 fiber preform, infiltration succeed until 20 vol% alumina fiber preform fabricated by using complex binder with SiO_2 sol and Al_2O_3 sol. Then, it was investigated the wear behavior of Al_2O_3 reinforced AC8A composites containing different volume fraction of 10-20%. The friction coefficients confirm that the abrasion resistances of Al_2O_3 reinforced AC8A composite are superior to those of the AC8A specimens, and that the composites are also superior in terms of wear loss.
Current measurement in three-phase brushless DC drives (1993)

The problem of estimating the currents in the windings of a three phase brushless DC machine from measurements of a single drive input current is discussed in this paper. The proposed solution involves the application of a state observer, which uses errors between the actual and estimated drive input currents to update its estimates of winding currents. Such estimation is possible only if the winding currents are observable (i.e. knowledge of the drive input currents is sufficient to derive the winding currents), and it is shown that observability depends on drive operating condition, PWM switching strategy and machine winding connection. All of these factors are discussed for the case of current measurement in the DC link and a novel measurement strategy involving the measurement of total switching device current. An important advantage of the single current measurement method is that measurements are made equally on all three phases of the machine, so that the effects of sensor imbalance are eliminated.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF SMALL RING COMPOUNDS. 107. STUDIES DEALING WITH THE INTRAMOLECULAR HYDROGEN ATOM TRANSFER REACTION OF TETRASUBSTITUTED CYCLOPROPENES (1980)

Abstract Während Alkylcyclopropene wie z.B. (Ia) bei direkter Photolyse unter Ringöffnung reagieren, tritt bei Reaktionen über den Triplettzustand (Thioxanthon‐sensibilisiert) intermolekulare H‐Abspaltung zum bicyclischen und olefinischen Produkt (IIa) bzw. (IIIa) ein.
Uterine Vascular Function in a Transgenic Preeclampsia Rat Model (2008)

We investigated intrauterine growth restriction, endothelial function, and uterine artery blood flow characteristics in a transgenic preeclampsia rat model with an activated renin-angiotensin system. We compared preeclamptic Sprague-Dawley (SD-PE) rats with normal pregnant Sprague-Dawley and nonpregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. We used transabdominal ultrasound and found that SD-PE rat embryos developed intrauterine growth restriction. Isolated uterine arteries from SD-PE rats incubated with phenylephrine exhibited an increased contractile response, whereas a single high dose of acetylcholine resulted in an impaired vasorelaxation compared with controls. Incremental acetylcholine doses increased relaxation of SD-PE vessels at low acetylcholine doses but caused a paradoxical contraction at higher acetylcholine doses. Indomethacin and a thromboxane-receptor antagonist (SQ 29,548) blocked this effect, suggesting maternal prostanoid-dependent endothelial dysfunction. SD-PE rats had a decreased prostacyclin (6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha):thromboxane ratio in the serum compared with normal pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats or nonpregnant Sprague-Dawley. Surprisingly, the Doppler resistance index decreased during pregnancy in SD-PE compared with normal pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats, suggesting unimpaired uteroplacental flow in the uterine artery. Umbilical flow was unchanged with absent end-diastolic flow in all of the groups. Renin-angiotensin system activation-induced preeclampsia is associated with altered placentation, modified resistance index, and endothelial dysfunction. A disturbed prostacyclin:thromboxane ratio could be an important mediator.
A novel genetic locus for low renin hypertension: familial hyperaldosteronism type II maps to chromosome 7 (7p22) (2000)

Familial hyperaldosteronism type II (FH-II) is caused by adrenocortical hyperplasia or aldosteronoma or both and is frequently transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion. Unlike FH type I (FH-I), which results from fusion of the CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 genes, hyperaldosteronism in FH-II is not glucocorticoid remediable. A large family with FH-II was used for a genome wide search and its members were evaluated by measuring the aldosterone:renin ratio. In those with an increased ratio, FH-II was confirmed by fludrocortisone suppression testing. After excluding most of the genome, genetic linkage was identified with a maximum two point lod score of 3.26 at theta=0, between FH-II in this family and the polymorphic markers D7S511, D7S517, and GATA24F03 on chromosome 7, a region that corresponds to cytogenetic band 7p22. This is the first identified locus for FH-II; its molecular elucidation may provide further insight into the aetiology of primary aldosteronism.
Adult-onset epilepsy in focal cortical dysplasia of Taylor type (2005)

Focal cortical dysplasia of Taylor type (FCDT) usually presents with seizures at an early age, whereas adult onset of epilepsy is uncommon. We reviewed the medical records of 213 patients with FCDT. In 21 patients (10%), age at seizure onset ranged from 18 to 55 years (mean 25.3). The outcome of seizures in patients with FCDT and adult-onset epilepsy seems favorable vs childhood-onset seizures.
Weak- versus strong-coupling theory forBi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (1990)

The latest optical determination of the superconducting-gap function for ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ is consistent with weak-coupling theory. In contrast, a large discontinuity in heat-capacity data suggests strong-coupling superconductivity, and appears to exceed the theoretical strong-coupling limit. A possible resolution to the apparent incompatibility of the two measurements is presented. The apparent disagreement with the results of strong-coupling theory is also resolved.
Denial of service via algorithmic complexity attacks (2003)

We present a new class of low-bandwidth denial of service attacks that exploit algorithmic deficiencies in many common applications&amp;apos; data structures. Frequently used data structures have &amp;quot;average-case&amp;quot; expected running time that&amp;apos;s far more efficient than the worst case. For example, both binary trees and hash tables can degenerate to linked lists with carefully chosen input. We show how an attacker can effectively compute such input, and we demonstrate attacks against the hash table implementations in two versions of Perl, the Squid web proxy, and the Bro intrusion detection system. Using bandwidth less than a typical dialup modem, we can bring a dedicated Bro server to its knees; after six minutes of carefully chosen packets, our Bro server was dropping as much as 71% of its traffic and consuming all of its CPU. We show how modern universal hashing techniques can yield performance comparable to commonplace hash functions while being provably secure against these attacks.
Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of 2-heteroarylidene-1-tetralone Derivatives as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (2018)

The present study investigates the human monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition properties of a series of twelve 2-heteroarylidene-1-tetralone derivatives. Also included are related cyclohexylmethylidene, cyclopentylmethylidene and benzylidene substituted 1-tetralones. These compounds are related to the 2-benzylidene-1-indanone class of compounds which has previously been shown to inhibit the MAOs, with specificity for the MAO-B isoform. The target compounds were synthesised by the Claisen-Schmidt condensation between 7-methoxy-1-tetralone or 1-tetralone, and various aldehydes, under acid (hydrochloric acid) or base (potassium hydroxide) catalysis. The results of the MAO inhibition studies showed that the 2-heteroarylidene-1-tetralone and related derivatives are in most instances more selective inhibitors of the MAO-B isoform compared to MAO-A. (2E)-2-Benzylidene-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2 H)-one (IC<sub>50</sub>=0.707 μM) was found to be the most potent MAO-B inhibitor, while the most potent MAO-A inhibitor was (2E)-2-[(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)methylidene]-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2 H)-one (IC<sub>50</sub>=1.37 μM). The effect of the heteroaromatic substituent on MAO-B inhibition activity, in decreasing order was found to be: cyclohexyl, phenyl>thiophene>pyridine, furane, pyrrole, cyclopentyl. This study concludes that, although some 2-heteroarylidene-1-tetralone derivatives are good potency MAO inhibitors, in general their inhibition potencies, particularly for MAO-B, are lower than structurally related chalcones and 1-indanone derivatives that were previously studied.
Systemic attenuation of the TGF-β pathway by a single drug simultaneously rejuvenates hippocampal neurogenesis and myogenesis in the same old mammal (2015)

Stem cell function declines with age largely due to the biochemical imbalances in their tissue niches, and this work demonstrates that aging imposes an elevation in transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling in the neurogenic niche of the hippocampus, analogous to the previously demonstrated changes in the myogenic niche of skeletal muscle with age. Exploring the hypothesis that youthful calibration of key signaling pathways may enhance regeneration of multiple old tissues, we found that systemically attenuating TGF-β signaling with a single drug simultaneously enhanced neurogenesis and muscle regeneration in the same old mice, findings further substantiated via genetic perturbations. At the levels of cellular mechanism, our results establish that the age-specific increase in TGF-β1 in the stem cell niches of aged hippocampus involves microglia and that such an increase is pro-inflammatory both in brain and muscle, as assayed by the elevated expression of β2 microglobulin (B2M), a component of MHC class I molecules. These findings suggest that at high levels typical of aged tissues, TGF-β1 promotes inflammation instead of its canonical role in attenuating immune responses. In agreement with this conclusion, inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling normalized B2M to young levels in both studied tissues.
Aqueous Solution Process for the Synthesis and Assembly of Nanostructured One-Dimensional α-MoO3 Electrode Materials (2013)

A low-temperature aqueous solution synthesis of nanostructured one-dimensional (1D) molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) was developed. The subsequent self-assembly of the fibers to form large-scale freestanding films was achieved without any assistance of organic compounds. Indeed, the whole process, from synthesis to assembly, does not require toxic organic solvents. As an example of the application of our synthesized materials, we built two types of half-cell lithium-ion batteries: (i) the cathode made out of 1D MoO3, having the width in 50–100 nm, with the length in micro scale, and with thickness in ∼10 nm, and (ii) the anode made out of the macroscopic oxide papers consisting of 1D MoO3 and carbon materials. As a cathode material, 1D MoO3 showed a high rate capability with a stable cycle performance up to 20 A g–1 as a result of a short Li+ diffusion path along the [101] direction and less grain boundaries. As an anode material, the composite paper compound showed a first specific discharge capacity of 800 mAh g–1. These findings indicate not only an affordable, eco-efficient synthesis and assembly of nanomaterials but also show a new attractive strategy toward a possible full aqueous process for a large-scale fabrication of freestanding oxide paper compounds without any toxic organic solvent.
Management of Modifiable Risk Factors Prior to Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty (2015)

Population health management, cost-effective care, and optimization of outcomes to maximize value are the new maxims for health-care delivery in the United States. We found that the RRAT score had a significant association with readmission after joint arthroplasty and could potentially be a clinically useful tool for risk mitigation.
In vivo quantification of nitric oxide (NO) release from intact human skin following exposure to photobiomodulation wavelengths in the visible and near infrared spectrum (2019)

Human skin contains photolabile nitric oxide (NO) derivatives which decompose after UVA irradiation and release vasoactive NO. However, aside from blue light, barely nothing has been reported about the effects of red and NIR wavelengths. We decided to investigate if photobiomodulation, using visible to NIR light, would increase the release of NO in the skin. A custom-built airtight sleeve which envelopes the forearm of a subject was used to measure the NO emanating from the skin under photobiomodulation conditions and quantified by chemiluminescence detection. Distinct differences in measured NO levels were observed between the non-irradiated condition and PBM conditions.
Hypercortisolism and the Resistance to Dexamethasone Suppression during Gestation. (1988)

Maternal adrenocortical function was studied by measuring plasma cortisol and urinary free cortisol during gestation. Changes in suppressibility of pituitary-adrenocortical function were determined by dexamethasone administration. Urinary free cortisol as well as plasma cortisol increased during the course of gestation. The suppressibility by dexamethasone became less effective as pregnancy advanced. These results suggest that pregnant women have pituitary-adrenocortical hyperfunction and tissue refractoriness to glucocorticoid which increases during the course of gestation.
Discovery of 2,3,5‐Trisubstituted Pyridine Derivatives as Potent Akt1 and Akt2 Dual Inhibitors. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Voltage- and current-based fault simulation for interconnect open defects (1999)

This paper describes a highly accurate and efficient fault simulator for interconnect opens in combinational or full-scan digital CMOS circuits. The analog behavior of the wires with interconnect opens is modeled very efficiently in the vicinity of the defect in order to predict what logic levels the fanout gates will interpret and whether a sufficient IDDQ current will be flowing inside the fanout gates. The fault simulation method is based on characterizing the standard cell library with SPICE, using transistor charge equations for the site of the open, using logic simulation for the rest of the circuit, taking four different factors that can affect the voltage of an open into account, and considering the potential oscillation and sequential behavior of interconnect opens. The tool can simulate test vectors for both voltage and current measurements. Simulation results of ISCAS85 layouts using stuck-at and IDDQ test sets are presented.
Controllable nitrogen doping in as deposited TiO2 film and its effect on post deposition annealing (2013)

In order to narrow the band gap of TiO2, nitrogen doping by combining thermal atomic layer deposition (TALD) of TiO2 and plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) of TiN has been implemented. By altering the ratio between TALD TiO2 and PEALD TiN, the as synthesized TiOxNy films showed different band gaps (from 1.91 eV to 3.14 eV). In situ x-ray diffraction characterization showed that the crystallization behavior of these films changed after nitrogen doping. After annealing in helium, nitrogen doped TiO2 films crystallized into rutile phase while for the samples annealed in air a preferential growth of the anatase TiO2 along (001) orientation was observed. Photocatalytic tests of the degradation of stearic acid were done to evaluate the effect of N doping on the photocatalytic activity.
Studies on the proteins of mass-cultivated, blue-green alga (Spirulina platensis) (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on the proteins of mass-cultivated, blue-green alga (Spirulina platensis)M. Anusuya Devi, G. Subbulakshmi, K. Madhavi Devi, and L. V. VenkataramanCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1981, 29, 3, 522–525Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00105a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00105a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1078Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nearest Correlation-Based Input Variable Weighting for Soft-Sensor Design (2018)

In recent years, soft-sensors have been widely used for estimating product quality or other important variables when online analyzers are not available. In order to construct a highly accurate soft-sensor, appropriate data preprocessing is required. In particular, the selection of input variables or input features is one of the most important techniques for improving estimation performance. Fujiwara et al. proposed a variable selection method, in which variables are clustered into variable groups based on the correlation between variables by nearest correlation spectral clustering (NCSC), and each variable group is examined as to whether or not it should be used as input variables. This method is called NCSC-based variable selection (NCSC-VS). However, these NCSC-based methods have a lot of parameters to be tuned, and their joint optimization is burdensome. The present work proposes an effective input variable weighting method to be used instead of variable selection to conserve labor required for parameter tuning. The proposed method, referred to herein as NC-based variable weighting (NCVW), searches input variables that have the correlation with the output variable by using the NC method and calculates the correlation similarity between the input variables and output variable. The input variables are weighted based on the calculated correlation similarities, and the weighted input variables are used for model construction. There is only one parameter in the proposed NCVW since the NC method has one tuning parameter. Thus, it is easy for NCVW to develop a soft-sensor. The usefulness of the proposed NCVW is demonstrated through an application to calibration model design in a pharmaceutical process.