gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dose and Timing of Burdock (Arctium lappa) Root Intake on Intestinal Microbiota of Mice (2020)

Water-soluble dietary fiber such as inulin improves the beta diversity of the intestinal microbiota of mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). The circadian clock is the system that regulates the internal daily rhythm, and it affects the pattern of beta diversity in mouse intestinal microbiota. Burdock (<i>Arctium lappa</i>) root contains a high concentration of inulin/fructan (approximately 50%) and is a very popular vegetable in Japan. <i>Arctium lappa</i> also contains functional substances that may affect intestinal microbiota, such as polyphenols. We compared the effects of inulin and <i>A. lappa</i> powder on the diversity of the intestinal microbiota of HFD-fed mice. 16S rDNA from the intestinal microbiota obtained from feces was analyzed by 16S Metagenomic Sequencing Library Preparation. It was found to have a stronger effect on microbiota than inulin alone, suggesting that inulin has an additive and/or synergic action with other molecules in <i>A. lappa</i> root. We examined the effects of intake timing (breakfast or dinner) of <i>A. lappa</i> on intestinal microbiota. The intake of <i>A. lappa</i> root in the evening had a stronger effect on microbiota diversity in comparison to morning intake. Therefore, it is suggested that habitual consumption of <i>A. lappa</i> root in the evening may aid the maintenance of healthy intestinal microbiota.
A MODEL STUDY OF THE OXIDATION OF UNDECYLENIC ACID BY TERT-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE: FUEL INSTABILITY REACTIONS (1997)

ABSTRACT The subject of fuel instability reactions is usually complicated in that no one species is entirely responsible. Thus multi-component model systems need to be employed to simplify the study of alternate mechanisms and pathways. If the system is too complicated, the reaction pathways are too varied and complicated to discern. Additionally, the suite of heteroatoms present in a finished fuel depends on the source of the crude. Model systems thus represent a reasonable alternative. The model system employed in this study consists of tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and undecylenic acid in benzene solvent. Although radical mechanisms are complex, the slate of products was explainable by a few competing reactions.
The cytoskeleton and substratum adhesion in chick embryonic corneal epithelial cells (1982)

ABSTRACT The adhesions and cytoskeleton of 15-day chick embryonic corneal epithelial cells have been studied using interference reflection microscopy (IRM), electron microscopy and fluorescent staining with specific antibodies against actin, tubulin, prekeratin, fibronectin and laminin In vivo, desmosomes were the most frequent intercellular junctions and hemidesmosomes were prominent at the basal surface of the epithelium in contact with the basement membrane. The intact epithelium stained for actin, tubulin, and prekeratin and laminin, but not fibronectin, and the basement membrane for fibronectin and laminin. In monolayer culture intercellular desmosomes were reformed after dissociation with trypsin. However, we have concentrated on cell-substratum adhesions, because the relationship between substratum adhesions and the cytoskeleton has not been thoroughly investigated for epithelial cells. Most of our results apply to contacts with gelatin substrata but the situation was similar on glass or tissue-culture plastic. By IRM, focal contacts similar to those of fibroblasts were present, mainly beneath the leading lamellae of the peripheral cells of monolayered islands. Fluorescent antibody staining revealed that each focal contact was positioned at the end of an actin microfilament bundle. However, there was no correspondence between focal contacts and either prekeratin filaments or microtubules. Fibronectin fibrils were found principally beneath peripheral cells, but evidence is presented suggesting that fibronectin is not directly involved in cell-substratum adhesion of these cells. We suggest that the fibrillar fibronectin pattern arises because cells physically reorganize fibronectin which adsorbs or binds to the substratum from the medium. Electron microscopy suggested that these cells formed two types of contacts with the substratum : small dense plaque-like structures, probably hemidesmosomes, were present in addition to focal contacts. The former were associated with tonofilaments and were the same size (about 0 · 1 μ m in diameter) as the desmosomes and hemidesmosomes found in vivo. They were much smaller than focal contacts which were from one to several micrometers in length. These structures were not as well formed as the hemidesmosomes found in vivo, possibly because the substratum was not entirely appropriate. The significance of the two types of cell-substratum adhesions is discussed.
Eye modelling for personalised intraocular lens design (2012)

Approximately 20 million cataract operations are performed per year worldwide, routinely removing the opaque cataractous lens and implanting an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). Modern technologies used to treat cataract are highly sophisticated and the operation involves remarkable skills; however the IOL power calculation in certain circumstances can be unsatisfactory. Currently the calculation of required IOL power is based on formulas developed from the paraxial geometrical optics equations and/or statistical analysis of retrospective cases. This work aims to improve upon the methodologies currently used to predict required IOL power, particularly for unusual eyes with extreme ocular biometry (e.g. extreme axial length or corneal shape). This work also demonstrates the usefulness of individual personalised ray-tracing eye models in investigations of IOL designs proposed to correct the higher order aberrations of the eye.
Wearable energy harvesters generating electricity from low-frequency human limb movement (2018)

A wearable energy harvester technology is developed for generating electricity from the movement of human joints. A micro-electroplated ferromagnetic nickel cantilever is integrated with a piezoelectric element and bonded on a flexible substrate. Based on the magnetic interaction between the magnetized cantilever and a magnet on the substrate, a novel vertical-vibration frequency-up-conversion (FUC) structure is formed to generate stable amounts of electric energy per cycle from the horizontal substrate stretching/rebounding. The two ends of the flexible substrate are attached on both sides of a limb joint to transform joint rotation into substrate stretching. During limb movement, the flexible substrate is horizontally stretched and rebounded, causing the cantilever to vertically release from and return to the magnet, thereby exciting the piezoelectric cantilever into resonant generation. Since the horizontal low-frequency limb movement is perpendicular to the vertical high-frequency resonance, the stretch has little influence on the resonance of the cantilever. Thus the generated energy is always stable within a wide frequency range of limb movements. The performance of the novel harvester is experimentally verified using a stretching/rebounding movement cycle, where the cycle corresponds to the frequency range of 0.5-5.0 Hz. Within one stretching/rebounding movement cycle, the generated electric energy is stable in the approximate range of 0.56-0.69 μJ for the whole frequency range. Two flexible harvesters are worn on the human elbow and knee for a body kinetic energy harvesting test. Considerable power can always be generated under typical low-frequency limb movements, such as squatting, walking, jogging, and fast running, where the peak-to-peak generated voltages are always approximately 4.0 V. Additionally, energy harvesting under two-directional area stretching is also realized by adjusting the FUC structure layout. The flexible-substrate harvester is promising for various wearable applications.
Proceedings of the Eighteenth DOE Solar Photochemistry Research Conference (1994)

photocurrent response and topography can then be obtained.Questions such as the state of dye aggregation on the surface and whether dye molecules are adsorbed on special sites could then be answered.The photo-STM technique has already been applied to semiconductor surfaces illuminated with bandgap light Simultaneous images of topography and photocurrent can be obtained for recombination centers, quantum wells and heterojunction structures.We. are also continuing a quest for other high quantum yield semiconductor substrates for sensitization studies.
North Carolina macular dystrophy (MCDR1) locus: a fine resolution genetic map and haplotype analysis. (1999)

This is the largest single data set of families with the MCDR1 phenotype. The single large family from North Carolina continues to be informative for the closest flanking markers and alone supports the minimal candidate region as suggested by previous studies. There remains no evidence of genetic heterogeneity in this disease. Most of the American families appear to have descended from the same ancestral mutation. The remaining families could each represent independent origins of the mutation in the MCDR1 gene.
ChemInform Abstract: Scope and Mechanism of Direct Indole and Pyrrole Couplings Adjacent to Carbonyl Compounds: Total Synthesis of Acremoauxin A and Oxazinin 3. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Crystal chemistry and photomechanical behavior of 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid: correlation between maximum yield in the solid-state topochemical reaction and cooperative molecular motion (2015)

A new monoclinic polymorph, form II (P21/c, Z = 4), has been isolated for 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (DMCA). Its solid-state 2 + 2 photoreaction to the corresponding α-truxillic acid is different from that of the first polymorph, the triclinic form I ([Formula: see text], Z = 4) that was reported in 1984. The crystal structures of the two forms are rather different. The two polymorphs also exhibit different photomechanical properties. Form I exhibits photosalient behavior but this effect is absent in form II. These properties can be explained on the basis of the crystal packing in the two forms. The nanoindentation technique is used to shed further insights into these structure-property relationships. A faster photoreaction in form I and a higher yield in form II are rationalized on the basis of the mechanical properties of the individual crystal forms. It is suggested that both Schmidt-type and Kaupp-type topochemistry are applicable for the solid-state trans-cinnamic acid photodimerization reaction. Form I of DMCA is more plastic and seems to react under Kaupp-type conditions with maximum molecular movements. Form II is more brittle, and its interlocked structure seems to favor Schmidt-type topochemistry with minimum molecular movement.
IRT1 DEGRADATION FACTOR1, a RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, Regulates the Degradation of IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 in Arabidopsis (2013)

Fe is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development; plants have developed sophisticated strategies to acquire ferric Fe from the soil. Nongraminaceous plants acquire Fe by a reduction-based mechanism, and graminaceous plants use a chelation-based mechanism. In Arabidopsis thaliana, which uses the reduction-based method, iron-regulated transporter1 (IRT1) functions as the most important transporter for ferrous Fe uptake. Rapid and constitutive degradation of IRT1 allows plants to quickly respond to changing conditions to maintain Fe homeostasis. IRT1 degradation involves ubiquitination. To identify the specific E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in IRT1 degradation, we screened a set of insertional mutants in RING-type E3 ligases and identified a mutant that showed delayed degradation of IRT1 and loss of IRT1-ubiquitin complexes. The corresponding gene was designated IRT1 degradation factor1 (IDF1). Evidence of direct interaction between IDF1 and IRT1 in the plasma membrane supported the role of IDF1 in IRT1 degradation. IRT1 accumulation was reduced when coexpressed with IDF1 in yeast or Xenopus laevis oocytes. IDF1 function was RING domain dependent. The idf1 mutants showed increased tolerance to Fe deficiency, resulting from increased IRT1 levels. This evidence indicates that IDF1 directly regulates IRT1 degradation through its RING-type E3 ligase activity.
Intravascular IL-8. Inhibitor of polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation at sites of acute inflammation (1991)

IL-8 has been characterized primarily as a polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemoattractant and proinflammatory mediator. Recently, we have reported that [Ala-IL-8]77 is secreted by activated cultured human endothelial cells and can function as a potent inhibitor of PMN adhesion to these monolayers. The pathophysiologic relevance of this in vitro observation was examined by determining the effects of intravascular or extravascular administration of IL-8 on PMN emigration at sites of acute inflammation in the skin of NZW rabbits. An i.v. bolus of [Ala-IL-8]77 (12 micrograms/kg) produced a marked and selective reduction of circulating PMN within 3 min, which returned toward preinjection levels within 30 min, and subsequently exceeded this level. A similar response was observed for circulating radiolabeled PMN, and gamma-scintigraphy determined that the lungs were the primary site of leukosequestration. During the 30- to 150-min interval after i.v. infusion of [Ala-IL-8]77, PMN emigration into acute inflammatory sites, elicited by various chemoattractants or cytokines, was significantly reduced, as judged histologically and quantitated with 51Cr-labeled PMN and myeloperoxidase measurements. Intravenous administration of [Ser-IL-8]72 yielded similar results. This inhibitory effect of i.v. IL-8 was transient and reinducible and did not reflect a suppression of the responsiveness of circulating PMN to chemoattractants. Intradermal injections of [Ala-IL-8]77 or [Ser-IL-8]72 induced dose-dependent PMN accumulation, which also was significantly reduced by i.v. administration of either form of IL-8. These results indicate that i.v. IL-8 can function as a PMN-directed leukocyte adhesion inhibitor and suggest that local secretion of IL-8 by activated endothelium may differentially modulate leukocyte-endothelial interactions at sites of acute inflammation.
Relationships Between Chronic Pain Stage, Cognition, Temporal Lobe Cortex, and Sociodemographic Variables (2021)

There appear to be complex relationships between chronic knee pain stage, temporal lobe cortex, and sociodemographic variables. Specifically, NHB participants without dementia but with high chronic knee pain stage appeared to have thinner temporal cortex in areas associated with AD. Understanding the effects of sociocultural and socioeconomic factors on health outcomes is the first step to challenging the disparities in healthcare that now appear to link disease conditions to neurodegenerative processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyne Cross Metathesis Reactions of Extended Scope. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
N-alkanes to estimate voluntary forage intake of cattle using controlled-release capsules (2008)

N-alkanes have been used as internal markers in digestibility trials with ruminants and non-ruminants for more than 20 years. In this study, two trials were conducted under different feeding regimes to (i) evaluate the release rate of n-alkanes of controlled-release capsules in the rumen of rumen-cannulated steers either grazing or restrained in metabolic stalls and (ii) estimate voluntary forage intake of the same steers in metabolic stalls. Six rumen-cannulated Nelore steers were allocated to individual metabolic stalls and were fed diets with varying forage to concentrate ratios (80:20, 60:40, and 40:60; respectively). Corn silage was the only forage source. In the grazing trial, the same steers were evaluated under three feeding managements (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu unsupplemented or supplemented with either 0.3% or 0.6% of live weight of a concentrate). The release rate of the n-alkanes (mg d-1) was measured by multiplying the distance (mm d-1) the capsule plunger travelled after 3, 7, 10, 13, and 17 d of rumen infusion to the n-alkanes concentration of capsule tablets (mg mm-1). There was an effect of day of measurement (P &lt; 0.05) on the release rate of animals restrained in metabolic stalls and grazing. However, no effect (P &gt; 0.05) of feeding management or feeding management x day of measurement interaction was observed. Values averaged 6.9 and 14.8%, lower than proposed by the manufacturer for the C32, when animals were restrained in metabolic stalls and at grazing, respectively. Similarly, the values of C36 were 15.9 and 23.1% lower for those animals in metabolic stalls and grazing, respectively. The average release rate of C32 into the rumen was 372 and 341 mg d-1 for animals restrained in metabolic stalls and grazing, respectively. There was no difference in the release rate between feeding regimes (P &gt; 0.05). The regression of the pooled data indicated an average release rate of 345 mg d-1. Estimated values of voluntary forage intake using the pair of C33:C32 n-alkanes using the animals restrained in metabolic stalls was not different from those effectively measured (P &gt; 0.05). These findings indicated that n-alkanes capsules can be used to estimate forage intake of stall-fed animals, but concentration of n-alkanes in capsules and the release rate has to be measured before dosing animals to accurately predict intake.
[Research sponsored by the industry benefits scientific progress]. (2006)

The conflicts of interest dominate discussions on collaborative research between academic institutions and the pharmaceutical industry. Although one should not be blind to such possibilities and remain critical, the advantages outweigh the risks by far. The remaining diseases for which adequate pharmacotherapy is lacking are complex and require an expensive research infrastructure. Therefore, progress will benefit from collaboration and should not be hindered by short-sightedness.
Air Embolism: Practical Tips for Prevention and Treatment (2016)

Air embolism is a rarely encountered but much dreaded complication of surgical procedures that can cause serious harm, including death. Cases that involve the use of endovascular techniques have a higher risk of air embolism; therefore, a heightened awareness of this complication is warranted. In particular, central venous catheters and arterial catheters that are often placed and removed in most hospitals by a variety of medical practitioners are at especially high risk for air embolism. With appropriate precautions and techniques it can be preventable. This article reviews the causes of air embolism, clinical management and prevention techniques.
Effect of Vitamin E and Vitamin C Supplementation on Antioxidative State and Renal Glomerular Basement Membrane Thickness in Diabetic Kidney (2004)

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of vitamins C and E on malondialdehyde (MDA) content and activities of key antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness in streptozotocin-induced diabetic kidney in rats. Wistar male rats were divided into following groups (12 rats each): the control, diabetic rats, diabetic rats whose drinking water was supplemented with vitamin C in a dose of 1.0 g/l or diet was supplemented with 200 mg of vitamin E/100 g fodder. Body weight, blood glucose and HbA1C levels and 24-hour urinary albumin excretion (UAE) were studied every week (0-12 weeks). After 6 and 12 weeks, MDA content and activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were measured in the kidney homogenate supernatants. Electron micrographs of glomeruli were scanned and morphometric investigations were performed by means of computer image analysis system to compare GBM thickness. The blood glucose and HbA1C concentrations and UAE in diabetic rats were significantly higher than in the control group. An increase in the MDA level and decrease in the SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities in the kidney of diabetic rats were observed after 6 and 12 weeks of experiment. Administration of vitamins C and E did not affect body weight, blood glucose and HbA1C levels. Both vitamin C and vitamin E decreased lipid peroxidation and augmented the activities of antioxidant enzymes studied in the kidneys of diabetic rats as well as reduced UAE, decreased kidney weight and GBM thickness. The results indicate the potential utility of antioxidant vitamins in the protection against the development of diabetic nephropathy.
Antioxidant properties of plant extracts: an EPR and DFT comparative study of the reaction with DPPH, TEMPOL and spin trap DMPO (2009)

This work presents a comparative study of the antioxidant activity of extracts from nine plant species belonging to the Brazilian flora - Swartzia langsdorffii, Machaerium villosum, Pterogyne nitens, Pera glabrata, Aegiphyla sellowiana, Copaifera langsdorffii, Chrysophyllum inornatum, Iryanthera juruensis, Didymopanax venosum - acting on the free-radicals DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and TEMPOL (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-1-oxyl) by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and acting on the hydroxyl radical (OH•) by the spin-trapping technique generated by a Fenton reaction. Results showed that the extracts of Iryanthera juruensis and Chrysophyllum inornatum display the strongest antioxidant activities. The results of scavenging tests were clarified by computational calculations - density functional theory (DFT), local density approximation (LDA) with SIESTA code - indicating that the energy released in the reduction reaction of TEMPOL is less than DPPH. Due to its availability and cost DPPH is more often used in these tests than TEMPOL, however TEMPOL should be considered when studying processes dealing with smaller energies.
Sir Partha Dasgupta: Meeting the Challenges of Environmental and Development Economics (2023)

The Annual Review of Resource Economics presents Professor Sir Partha Dasgupta in conversation with economist Dr. David Zilberman. In the conversation, we follow Sir Partha's life from his childhood in Bangladesh, where his father was a distinguished economist, to his childhood and undergraduate studies in India, his graduate studies in England, and his fascinating academic career, mostly in Cambridge, UK. We discuss Sir Partha's seminal contributions to multiple fields. He was among the founders of modern resource economics and the emerging multidisciplinary field of ecological economics. He also played a fundamental role in establishing the venues and agenda for research on the environment and development, led initiatives to incorporate nature into national accounting, and pioneered analysis of the economics of population growth and the foundation of a just society. We also learn about Sir Partha's family and life, his collaboration and perspective on leading scholars, and his vision for economics, science, and humanity.