gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Practical assessment and evaluation of mental health problems following a mass disaster. (2006)

Almost all individuals who experience a severe trauma will develop symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) shortly after the traumatic event. Although the natural history of PTSD varies according to the type of trauma, most people do not develop enduring PTSD, and, in many of those who do, it resolves within 1 year without treatment. To the extent that is possible, maintenance of normal daily activities is believed to help patients cope more successfully in the aftermath of major trauma. In the case of a disaster such as the Asian tsunami, the whole community is involved, and it is impossible to continue with normal daily activities. To improve overall outcome after trauma, it would be optimal to identify individuals at increased risk for developing PTSD. This article describes screening and assessment tools for posttrauma mental health problems, particularly PTSD, and examines in more detail instruments that can be used in rapid field assessment of individuals who may be affected or who have already been identified and require monitoring. Self-rated instruments are most appropriate, but the choice of instrument will depend on the local situation and availability of appropriately validated questionnaires. The article also addresses important aspects of training nonmedical personnel in screening and assessment.
Prevention of SIV Rectal Transmission and Priming of T Cell Responses in Macaques after Local Pre-exposure Application of Tenofovir Gel (2008)

These results indicate that colorectal pretreatment with ARV drugs, such as tenofovir, has potential as a clinically relevant strategy for the prevention of HIV transmission. We conclude that plasma tenofovir concentration measured 15 min after rectal administration may serve as a surrogate indicator of protective efficacy. This may prove to be useful in the design of clinical studies. Furthermore, in vitro intestinal explants served as a model for drug distribution in vivo and susceptibility to virus infection. The finding of T cell priming following exposure to virus in the absence of overt infection is provocative. Further studies would reveal if a combined modality microbicide and vaccination strategy is feasible by determining the full extent of local immune responses induced and their protective potential.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Nonretinoid Retinol Binding Protein 4 Antagonists for the Potential Treatment of Atrophic Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Stargardt Disease (2014)

Accumulation of lipofuscin in the retina is associated with pathogenesis of atrophic age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease. Lipofuscin bisretinoids (exemplified by N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine) seem to mediate lipofuscin toxicity. Synthesis of lipofuscin bisretinoids depends on the influx of retinol from serum to the retina. Compounds antagonizing the retinol-dependent interaction of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with transthyretin in the serum would reduce serum RBP4 and retinol and inhibit bisretinoid formation. We recently showed that A1120 (3), a potent carboxylic acid based RBP4 antagonist, can significantly reduce lipofuscin bisretinoid formation in the retinas of Abca4(-/-) mice. As part of the NIH Blueprint Neurotherapeutics Network project we undertook the in vitro exploration to identify novel conformationally flexible and constrained RBP4 antagonists with improved potency and metabolic stability. We also demonstrate that upon acute and chronic dosing in rats, 43, a potent cyclopentyl fused pyrrolidine antagonist, reduced circulating plasma RBP4 protein levels by approximately 60%.
Data compression for gray images using Hilbert scan (1997)

The Hilbert curve is one of the space-filling curves proposed by Peano. It has various applications such as image processing and computer holograms. The Hilbert curve fills each quadrant obtained by recursive quad-division of a plane (like “single-stroke writing”) so that the curve always goes to an adjacent quadrant. This paper proposes a technique of nonreversible data compression of a gray image, which is an improvement over the author's previously published paper using a quad-tree representation. The proposed method transforms a gray image to a one dimensional signal with high neighborhood preservation, using a simple approximation for straight-line segmentation. The experimental results confirm that the method at about 0.6 bit/pixel produces almost the same visual image quality as JPEG. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc Syst Comp Jpn, 28(9): 26–34, 1997
Transcriptional activation of the human TNF-α promoter by superantigen in human monocytic cells: role of NF-kappa B (1995)

Abstract We have studied the transcriptional activation of the human TNF-α gene by the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) in the human premonocytic cell line THP-1. Nuclear proteins from SEA-stimulated THP-1 cells bound strongly to kappa 3, the most proximal of three putative NF-kappa B binding sites (kappa 1-kappa 3) found in the 5' regulatory region of the TNF-α gene, but only weakly to kappa 1, the most distal of the NF-kappa B binding sites, and showed no binding to kappa 2. The mobility of the kappa 3-nucleoprotein complex was identical to that of complexes formed between nuclear proteins and the consensus NF-kappa B seuqence. Moreover, both 5' and 3' mutants of kappa 3 were unable to displace kappa 3 binding, suggesting that the kappa 3 binding complex induced by SEA has the characteristics of NF-kappa B. Studies using Abs directed against the NF-kappa B subunits p50 and p65 suggested that both p50 and p65 bind to the kappa 3 sequence. Reporter gene assays showed that deletion of kappa 3 (-99 to -89 bp) and point mutation of the three 5' guanine bases in the kappa 3 sequence reduced the inducibility of the TNF-α promoter by SEA and LPS. These results indicate that superantigen induces NF-kappa B in human monocytic cells and suggest that binding of NF-kappa B to the kappa 3 site of the TNF-α promoter plays an important role in the transcriptional activation of the TNF-α gene by superantigen.
A library of universal data models for all enterprises (2001)

Foreword. Acknowledgments. About the Author. Introduction. People and Organizations. Products. Ordering Products. Shipments. Work Effort. Invoicing. Accounting and Budgeting. Human Resources. Creating the Data Warehouse Data Model from the Enterprise Data Model. A Sample Data Warehouse Data Model. Star Schema Designs for Sales Analysis. Star Schema Designs for Human Resources. Additional Star Schema Designs. Implementing the Universal Data Models. Appendix A: Logical Data Model Entities and Attributes. Appendix B: Data Warehouse Data Model Tables and Columns. Appendix C: Star Schema Design Tables and Columns. How to Use the CD-ROM Product. Other Reusable Data Model and Data Warehouse Design Resources. Index.
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM/POLYSTYRENE CATALYSTS (1984)

Abstract Verschiedene Organo‐Metallverbindungen des Polystyrols werden in entsprechende Pd(0)‐Derivate (V), (VII) und (IX) übergeführt, die zu verschiedenen katalytischen Reaktionen eingesetzt werden wie z.B. der Hydrierung von Olefinen und Acetylenen (X)‐(XII), der DecarbonyIierung‐von Alde‐ u hyden (XIII) oder der Aminierung von Allylalkoholderivaten (XVI) zu den Allylaminen (XVIII).
Glycoproteomics-compatible MS/MS-based quantification of glycopeptide isomers (2023)

ABSTRACT Glycosylation is an essential protein modification occurring on the majority of extracellular human proteins, mass spectrometry (MS) being an indispensable tool for its analysis. Not only can MS determine glycan compositions, but also position the glycan at specific sites via glycoproteomics. However, glycans are complex branching structures with monosaccharides interconnected in a variety of biologically relevant linkages - isomeric properties which are invisible when the readout is mass alone. Here, we developed an LC-MS/MS-based workflow for determining glycopeptide isomer ratios. Making use of isomerically-defined glyco(peptide) standards, we observed marked differences in fragmentation behavior between isomer pairs when subjected to collision energy gradients, specifically in terms of galactosylation/sialylation branching and linkage. These behaviors were developed into component variables that allowed relative quantification of isomerism within mixtures. Importantly, at least for small peptides, the isomer quantification appeared largely independent from the peptide portion of the conjugate, allowing broad application of the method.
On representation numbers of ternary quadratic forms (2005)

Abstract. The representation number rQ(m) is the number of integral representations of the integer m by the integral quadratic form Q over a global number field. The main obstruction to obtaining information about representation numbers is that global integrally inequevalent forms might nevertheless be equivalent over every local field (i.e. in the same genus). This failure of the localglobal principle seems to rule out the use of local data to calculate representation numbers of individual forms and limit us to formulas representing averages in terms of local data. Such is the case with the famouse Siegel formula [10], [11], [12] ∑ rQi(m) ∑ 1 ∏
Lifeblog: A New Concept in Mobile Learning? (2006)

In this paper we report early findings from a sample of Australian participants using Nokia's Lifeblog software on mobile phones to record aspects of living and learning in both formal and informal settings. We take the view that learning is the process people engage in when they are making meaning and constructing knowledge. The Lifeblog software affords new opportunities to capture, manipulate and communicate daily events and thoughts that assist in making meaning in individual and collective contexts. We aim to link this with the emerging phenomena of digital story telling and ePortfolios, which are both examples of learners actively creating digital material for an audience, rather than passively receiving information. Findings to date indicate that the creative capacity of the mobile phones is not frequently encouraged informal educational settings.
Use of Relocatable Stereotactic Frame to Integrate Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography Images: Application in Human Malignant Brain Tumours (1990)

A stereotactic head frame has been developed which is accurately relocatable over an extended period of time, is non-invasive, and yet is rigidly fixed relative to the patient's skull. Eight patients with malignant brain tumours were studied by positron emission tomography scanning using 18FUDR and computed tomography scan. Serial biopsies were performed and were studied by routine histological methods and using the monoclonal antibody Ki67.
Cholesterol esterase catalyzed hydrolysis of mixed micellar thiophosphatidylcholines: a possible charge-relay mechanism (1991)

Mechanistic features of cholesterol esterase catalyzed hydrolysis of two thiophospholipids, rac-1-(hexanoylthio)-2-hexanoyl-3-glycerophosphorylcholine (6TPC) and rac-1-(decanoylthio)-2-decano-yl-3-glycerophosphorylcholine (10TPC), have been characterized. The hydrolysis of 10TPC that is contained in mixed micelles with Triton X-100 occurs strictly at the micellar interface, since the reaction rate is independent of the micelle concentration but depends hyperbolically on the mole fraction of the substrate in the micelles. This latter observation allows one to calculate the interfacial kinetic parameters V*max and K*m. The hydrolyses of 10TPC and p-nitrophenyl butyrate are similarly inhibited by the transition state analogue inhibitor phenyl-n-butylborinic acid, and therefore, physiological and nonphysiological substrates are processed at the same active site. The similarity of k*cat values for the acyl-similar substrates 10TPC and p-nitrophenyl decanoate indicates that the phospholipase A1 activity of cholesterol esterase is partially rate limited by turnover of a decanoyl-enzyme intermediate. Solvent isotope effects on V*max and V*max/K*m (which monitors acylation only) are approximately 2-3 and are consistent with transition states that are stabilized by general acid-base proton transfers. Proton inventories of V*max/K*m indicate that simultaneous proton transfers stabilize the acylation transition state, which requires a multifunctional acid-base machinery (perhaps a charge-relay system) in the cholesterol esterase active site. Similar results are obtained for the 6TPC reaction, both in the presence and absence of Triton X-100 micelles.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of monocyclic arene oxides and arene hydrates from substituted benzene substrates (2013)

Enantiopure cis-dihydrodiol bacterial metabolites of substituted benzene substrates were used as precursors, in a chemoenzymatic synthesis of the corresponding benzene oxides and of a substituted oxepine, via dihydrobenzene oxide intermediates. A rapid total racemization of the substituted benzene 2,3-oxides was found to have occurred, via their oxepine valence tautomers, in accord with predictions and theoretical calculations. Reduction of a substituted arene oxide to yield a racemic arene hydrate was observed. Arene hydrates have also been synthesised, in enantiopure form, from the corresponding dihydroarene oxide or trans-bromoacetate precursors. Biotransformation of one arene hydrate enantiomer resulted in a toluene-dioxygenase catalysed cis-dihydroxylation to yield a benzene cis-triol metabolite.
AN EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF ORTHOGONALLY PROTECTED SPERMIDINE (2002)

ABSTRACT A major problem in the use of spermidine for the synthesis of biologically interesting compounds is the selective orthogonal protection of the three different amino groups. Our approach is based on the Fukuyama reaction, starting from putrescine and 3-amino-1-propanol and affording N 8-benzyloxycarbonyl-N 1-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-N 4-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)spermidine (5) in 5 steps in high yield.
Speeded-UpRobustFeatures(SURF) (2008)

This article presents a novel scale- and rotation-invariant detector and descriptor, coined SURF (Speeded-Up Robust Features). SURF approximates or even outperforms previously proposed schemes with respect to repeatability, distinctiveness, and robustness, yet can be computed and compared much faster. This is achieved by relying on integral images for image convolutions; by building on the strengths of the leading existing detectors and descriptors (specifically, using a Hessian matrix-based measure for the detector, and a distribution-based descriptor); and by simplifying these methods to the essential. This leads to a combination of novel detection, description, and matching steps. The paper encompasses a detailed description of the detector and descriptor and then explores the effect of the most important parameters. We conclude the article with SURF’s application to two challenging, yet converse goals: camera calibration as a special case of image registration, and object recognition. Our experiments underline SURF’s usefulness in a broad range of topics in computer vision.
C.W. operation of GaInAsP/InP laser with chemically etched mirror (1980)

The first c.w. operation of a GaInAsP/InP stripe laser (λ≃1.3 μm) having a chemically etched mirror has been achieved at room temperature. One of the cavity facets was monolithically formed by a wet chemical etch and passivated with a Si3N4 film to simplify bonding the chip on a heat sink. Threshold currents for 10 μm-stripe lasers were as low as 190 mA and the differential quantum efficiencies from the cleaved facet were ~18% (27°C, pulsed). C.W. operation was obtained up to 35°C.
Analysis of nanosecond laser ablation of aluminum with and without phase explosion in air and water (2012)

Despite extensive research work, accurate prediction of the ablation behavior in the high energy nanosecond laser ablation process is still lacking, which may differ significantly depending on the laser parameters, surrounding medium, and target material characteristics. In this paper, nanosecond laser ablation of aluminum in air and water is investigated through a self-contained hydrodynamic model under different laser fluences involving no phase explosion and phase explosion. The ablation depths and profiles are predicted and validated against the literature data and experiments. In case of nanosecond laser ablation of aluminum in water, deeper crater depths are found in all the conditions studied in this work, which may be attributed to the combination effects of laser ablation and shock compression. The analysis of the shock compression in air and water indicates that the shock compression is mainly responsible for this enhancement of ablation in water.
High-flux attosecond soft x-ray by a high-energy three-channel waveform synthesizer (2017)

Summary form only given. In this paper, we develop a high-energy three-channel parallel waveform synthesizer using a CEP-stabilized high energy Ti:sapphire laser [1] operating at 10 Hz, and demonstrate high-flux continuum harmonics from Ar gas target. Our three-channel waveform synthesizer consists of a Ti:sapphire laser pulse (44 mJ, 28 fs) and an infrared OPA (signal: 6 mJ, 33 fs, idler: 3 mJ, 40 fs). By combining the waveform synthesizer and the energy scaling method of HHG, a 0.1-μJ super-continuum supporting <; 300 as isolated attosecond pulses at 48 eV is generated in the soft-x-region. To our knowledge, our obtained photon flux of the super-continuum in the soft-x-region is the highest value ever reported.
연구논문 : 청소년 소비생활문제에 관한 연구 (1994)

The purpose of this study is to investigate adolescent consumers` life problem and the related factors. The data used in this study included 559 adolescent consumers who are second grade of middle and high school in Seoul. The major findings are as follows : The level of adolescent consumption life problem is at about the mid-point of the scale. The most influential variable on adolescent consumers` consumption life problem was consumption-oriented attitude. And also communication with peers about consumption, consumption level of household and discretionary money variables had a significant effect.
HLA-based simulation within an interactive engineering environment (2002)

This article discusses prerequisites and possible methods of a Matlab/HLA (High Level Architecture) integration and presents a novel concept of an HLA interface that is suitable for interactive usage. The result of a performance comparison study of a demonstration program on different Matlab/HLA interface implementations is given.
Assessing contaminated gas (2008)

Although contaminated gas makes up a small amount of the world’s reserves, those reserves are becoming increasingly important to international oil companies (IOCs). National oil companies (NOCs) are capitalizing on easier-to-produce sweet gas reserves and leaving the more difficult contaminated reservoirs for the IOCs.
Dissimilar Joining of Aluminum Alloy and Steel by Resistance Spot Welding (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This study concerns a dissimilar materials joining technique for aluminum (Al) alloys and steel for the purpose of reducing the vehicle body weight. The tough oxide layer on the Al alloy surface and the ability to control the Fe-Al intermetallic compound (IMC) thickness are issues that have so far complicated the joining of Al alloys and steel.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Removing the oxide layer has required a high heat input, resulting in the formation of a thick Fe-Al IMC layer at the joint interface, making it impossible to obtain satisfactory joint strength. To avoid that problem, we propose a unique joining concept that removes the oxide layer at low temperature by using the eutectic reaction between Al in the Al alloy and zinc (Zn) in the coating on galvanized steel (GI) and galvannealed steel (GA). This makes it possible to form a thin, uniform Fe-Al IMC layer at the joint interface.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Welded joints of dissimilar materials require anticorrosion performance against electrochemical corrosion. A seal spot welding process is proposed here as a solution to that issue. Tests conducted on seal spot-welded joints showed that they provide both the required static tensile properties and anticorrosion performance. In addition to static tensile properties, seal spot-welded joints also satisfy all the other performance requirements for vehicle application, including fatigue properties, high-speed tensile properties, low- and high-temperature tensile properties and anticorrosion performance. The seal spot welding process also has ample tolerance and excellent robustness against production variabilities such as the gaps between body panels and misalignment of the electrode angle.&lt;/div&gt;
Multifactorial Low Remodeling Bone Disease during Cyclic Total Parenteral Nutrition (1985)

The physiopathology of metabolic bone disease described during long term total parenteral nutrition is poorly understood. We therefore prospectively assessed bone status of seven adult patients [mean age, 42 +/- 16 (SD) yr] treated with cyclic total parenteral nutrition for a period of 7 +/- 2 (SD) months. All patients had hypercalciuria (381 +/- 96 mg/day) associated with negative calcium balance in six of seven patients (-49 +/- 120 mg/day). A correlation was found (r = +0.74, P less than 0.01) between protein intake and calciuria. Two patients developed slight transient hypercalcemia. Serum magnesium and phosphate levels remained within the normal range. A high aluminum load due to the added phosphate solution (253 +/- 84 micrograms/day) was associated with increased serum aluminum levels (52 +/- 38 micrograms/liter). Normal serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (12 +/- 7 ng/ml) and low normal 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D levels (21 +/- 8 pg/ml) were found. Serum PTH was normal in five and increased in two of the seven patients. However, in these two patients skeletal unresponsiveness to the action of PTH was found. A new histomorphometric picture of bone was observed; it consisted of a markedly reduced bone formation with subnormal osteoclastic activity leading to a low trabecular bone volume. No osteomalacia was found. The aluminum load may have played a role in these bone defects. The hypercalciuria with negative calcium balance was attributed to the cyclic amino-acid delivery during TPN.
IGFBP2 is a biomarker for predicting longitudinal deterioration in renal function in type 2 diabetes (2012)

This study demonstrates that IGFBP2 is a predictor of longitudinal deterioration of renal function in type 2 diabetes.
Kompakte Totalsynthese von Variecolortid A und B durch eine ungewöhnliche Hetero‐Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion (2010)

Besondere Alkaloide aus Pilzen, die Variecolortide, scheinen eine Kombination aus bestimmten Anthrachinonen und Diketopiperazinen zu sein. Eine neue, kompakte Totalsynthese der Variecolortide A und B ergibt die natürlichen Racemate in beinahe schutzgruppenfreier und hoch konvergenter Weise. Sie verläuft über eine Hetero-Diels-Alder-Reaktion eines 1,4-Anthrachinons mit einem Didehydrodiketopiperazin zum Aufbau des spirocyclischen Kerns. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.