gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seismic Design and Performance of Steel Moment-Resisting Frames with Nonlinear Replaceable Links (2010)

Although moment resisting frames (MRFs) designed according to the latest seismic codes can provide life safety during a design level earthquake, they are expected to sustain significant damage at flexural yielding locations in the beams. The design of the beams for strength and drift control considerations are also interlinked, often resulting in overdesign of other elements, such as diaphragms and foundations. These drawbacks can be mitigated by introducing replaceable links at the locations of expected inelastic action. A five-story prototype MRF building with replaceable links in a high-seismic zone was designed. Four full-scale beam-to-column subassemblages representing the first floor exterior connections in the prototype building were experimentally evaluated. The results demonstrated that MRFs with replaceable flexural links can provide strength and ductility equivalent to existing MRFs while minimizing the effect of the added links on the elastic stiffness of the system. Finite-element models were then developed to capture the observed experimental responses, including local buckling, bolt slipping, and bolt bearing.
An algorithm to find optimum support-reducing decompositions for index generation functions (2017)

Index generation functions are useful for pattern matching. This paper presents an algorithm to find support-reducing decompositions for index generation functions. Let n be the number of the input variables, and let s be the number of bound variables. Then, the exhaustive search for finding an optimum support-reducing decomposition requires to check ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> ) combinations. We found a special property of index generation functions that drastically reduces this search space. With this property, we developed a fast algorithm. For a given number of bound variables, it finds a decomposition with the fewest rails. Experimental results up to n = 60 and s = 33 are shown.
ChemInform Abstract: RK.‐PRODUKTE AUS PHENACYL‐PYRIDINIOBETAINEN UND HYDRAZONHALOGENIDEN (1972)

Abstract Die im Na‐äthanolat‐Medium und den entsprechenden Phenacylpyridiniumbromiden entstehenden Betaine (I) reagieren mit den Hydrazonen (II) (im Verhältnis 2: 1) in Äthanol/Dioxan (zuerst bei 0°C, dann 12 Std. bei Raumtemperatur) zu den intensiv farbigen Pyrazolinen (III) (20‐60% Ausbeute).
Hydration Induced Stress on DNA Monolayers Grafted on Microcantilevers (2014)

Surface tethered single-stranded DNA films are relevant biorecognition layers for oligonucleotide sequence identification. Also, hydration induced effects on these films have proven useful for the nanomechanical detection of DNA hybridization. Here, we apply nanomechanical sensors and atomic force microscopy to characterize in air and upon varying relative humidity conditions the swelling and deswelling of grafted single stranded and double stranded DNA films. The combination of these techniques validates a two-step hybridization process, where complementary strands first bind to the surface tethered single stranded DNA probes and then slowly proceed to a fully zipped configuration. Our results also demonstrate that, despite the slow hybridization kinetics observed for grafted DNA onto microcantilever surfaces, ex situ sequence identification does not require hybridization times typically longer than 1 h, while quantification is a major challenge.
Conditional Deletion of Shp2 Tyrosine Phosphatase in Thymocytes Suppresses Both Pre-TCR and TCR Signals (2006)

It is well known that T cell differentiation and maturation in the thymus is tightly controlled at multiple checkpoints. However, the molecular mechanism for the control of this developmental program is not fully understood. A number of protein tyrosine kinases, such as Zap-70, Lck, and Fyn, have been shown to promote signals required for thymocyte development, whereas a tyrosine phosphatase Src homology domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase (Shp)1 has a negative effect in pre-TCR and TCR signaling. We show in this study that Shp2, a close relative of Shp1, plays a positive role in T cell development and functions. Lck-Cre-mediated deletion of Shp2 in the thymus resulted in a significant block in thymocyte differentiation/proliferation instructed by the pre-TCR at the beta selection step, and reduced expansion of CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, mature Shp2(-/-) T cells showed decreased TCR signaling in vitro. Mechanistically, Shp2 acts to promote TCR signaling through the ERK pathway, with impaired activation of ERK kinase observed in Shp2(-/-) T cells. Thus, our results provide physiological evidence that Shp2 is a common signal transducer for pre-TCR and TCR in promoting T cell maturation and proliferation.
Simulation of pulse shortening in a relativistic klystron oscillator (2002)

Summary form only given. The relativistic klystron is a strong candidate for a high power microwave source for a number of applications, including accelerators and electronic warfare. In this work, we simulate a high power, high perveance relativistic klystron oscillator using a 2d PIC-MCC code. The experimental klystron is currently operating as an injection-locked oscillator at 1.25-1.35 GHz, with up to 1 GW rms output power for a 100 ns pulse. The beam voltage is 500 kV, with current of 10 kA, and a beam pulse length of 300 ns. Experimental evidence indicates the klystron behavior is azimuthally symmetric.
Retraction of “Efficient Reactivation of p53 in Cancer Cells by a Dual MdmX/Mdm2 Inhibitor” (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVRetractionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a retraction.Retraction of “Efficient Reactivation of p53 in Cancer Cells by a Dual MdmX/Mdm2 Inhibitor”Lingyun Qin, Fei Yang, Cindy Zhou, Yao Chen, Huashan Zhang, and Zhengding Su*Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 45, 14546Publication Date (Web):October 30, 2015Publication History Published online30 October 2015Published inissue 18 November 2015https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b11033Copyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views5965Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (119 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an influenza-like disease that is primarily thought to infect the lungs with transmission through the respiratory route. However, clinical evidence suggests that the intestine may present another viral target organ. Indeed, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is highly expressed on differentiated enterocytes. In human small intestinal organoids (hSIOs), enterocytes were readily infected by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, as demonstrated by confocal and electron microscopy. Enterocytes produced infectious viral particles, whereas messenger RNA expression analysis of hSIOs revealed induction of a generic viral response program. Therefore, the intestinal epithelium supports SARS-CoV-2 replication, and hSIOs serve as an experimental model for coronavirus infection and biology.
Electron Temperature and Hg(63P) Atom Density Decay in a Mercury—Rare-Gas Afterglow (1972)

The electron temperature decay in the afterglow of Hg–Ne and Hg–Ar low-pressure gas discharges has been investigated, both experimentally and theoretically. The temperature decay is not only determined by elastic losses but also by collisions of the first and second kind with excited Hg atoms. Collisions of the second kind have a heating effect on the electron gas and our results show that the energy relaxation time may increase by a factor of 10 by this process. Reasonable agreement has been obtained between the experimental data and the results of calculations which take the above processes into account. The electron temperature has been determined by means of 1.5-GHz noise measurements, the Hg (63P) densities by means of optical line absorption.
A Cluster-based Approach for Sliced Inverse Regression (2008)

International audience
Photon bunching reveals single-electron cathodoluminescence excitation efficiency in InGaN quantum wells (2017)

Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy is a key analysis technique in nanophotonics research and technology, yet many aspects of its fundamental excitation mechanisms are not well understood on the single-electron and single-photon level. Here, we determine the cathodoluminescence emission statistics of InGaN quantum wells embedded in GaN under 6--30-keV electron excitation and find that the light emission rate varies strongly from electron to electron. Strong photon bunching is observed for the InGaN quantum well emission at 2.77 eV due to the generation of multiple quantum well excitations by a single primary electron. The bunching effect, measured by the ${g}^{(2)}(t)$ autocorrelation function, decreases with increasing beam current in the range 3--350 pA. Under pulsed excitation ($p=2--100\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$; 0.13--6 electrons per pulse), the bunching effect strongly increases. A model based on Monte Carlo simulations is developed that assumes a fraction $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ of the primary electrons generates electron-hole pairs that create multiple photons in the quantum wells. At a fixed primary electron energy (10 keV) the model explains all ${g}^{(2)}$ measurements for different beam currents and pulse durations using a single value for $\ensuremath{\gamma}=0.5$. At lower energies, when electrons cause mostly near-surface excitations, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ is reduced ($\ensuremath{\gamma}=0.01$ at 6 keV), which is explained by the presence of a AlGaN barrier layer that inhibits carrier diffusion to the buried quantum wells. The combination of ${g}^{(2)}$ measurements in pulsed and continuous mode with spectral analysis provides a powerful tool to study optoelectronic properties and may find application in many other optically active systems and devices.
Pulsed power modulator using high voltage static induction thyristor (2000)

Using a high voltage static induction thyristor (SI-Thy), we made a pulsed power modulator. The pulsed power modulator consists of a Blumlein line and a pulse transformer with amorphous cores. To evaluate the performance of the SI-Thy, the rise time of voltage pulse and the energy transfer efficiency from the pulse forming line to a matched load resistor were measured, changing turn-on gate voltages and charging voltages of the pulse forming line. The rise time of output voltage is decreasing with turn-on gate voltage. When a turn-on gate trigger voltage of 100V was applied, the rise time less than 90ns was attained for the charging voltage of 5000V. The energy transfer efficiency is increasing with turn-on gate trigger voltage and the efficiency higher than 90% was obtained for the charging voltage of 5000V under the condition that the turn-on gate trigger voltage is 100V.
The Effects of Self-selection for Frequency of Training in a Winter Conditioning Program for Football (1990)

Information concerning frequency of training for resistance trained individuals is relatively unknown. Problems in designing training programs for student athletes are frequently encountered due to differential time constraints placed upon them. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of self-selection of resistance training frequency on muscular strength. Sixty-one members of an NCAA. Division IAA football team participated in a 10-week winter conditioning program. Each subject was given the option of choosing from a three-day (3d, n=12) four-day (4d, n=15), five-day (5d, n=23) or six-day (6d, n=ll) per week resistance training program. In addition to the strength training, the subjects participated in a football conditioning program twice a week. Testing was conducted before and after the 10-week training program. Field tests common to football off-season conditioning programs were utilized to evaluate strength (1 RM squat and bench press), speed (40-yard sprint), endurance (two-mile run), vertical jump and anthropometric measurements. Posttests revealed significant changes for the 3d group in decreased time for the two-mile run (2mi), decreased sum of skinfolds (SF) and an increased chest girth (CH). The 4d program revealed significant decreases in body weight, 2mi, SF, and increases in 1 RM squat, CH and thigh girths (TH). The 5d group significantly decreased 2mi, and SF, and increased both 1 RM squat and bench press and CH and TH. The 6d group revealed significant decreases in 2mi, and SF, and an increase in 1 RM squat. Of the total variables measured, 4d and 5d frequency groups revealed the greatest amount of improvement. In conclusion, when resistance training frequency is self-selected by athletes (i.e., college football players) it appears that four or five days per week are the optimal choices for developing strength, endurance and muscle mass.
500 Rad Test Cell Radiation Safety Interlock System (2005)

Abstract : The 500 Rads test cell in building 500 at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) contains a continuous x-ray source capable of producing lethal radiation levels within 15 seconds. Eight-foot thick walls of concrete are necessary but not sufficient to safeguard personnel. Operating procedures and engineered interlocks are required to ensure safety. This report documents the engineered interlock systems designed for safe operation. These solutions include emergency cutoff switches, warning lights, audible claxons, timing circuits, door interlocks and control circuitry. The electrical schematics, wiring diagrams and operational procedures are described.
Use of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and dietary calcium to improve tenderness of beef from the round of beef cows1,2 (2008)

The objective of this trial was to determine how 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25-OH D(3)) supplementation, altering supplemental dietary calcium, or their combination influence postmortem biochemical and tenderness changes in muscles from the round of mature cows. Twenty-seven Angus cows (3 to 7 yr old) were allotted randomly to 9 pens with 3 cows per pen. Treatments were arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial design with 3 dosages of 25-OH D(3) (0, 250, or 500 mg of 25-OH D(3) administered as a 1-time oral bolus 7 d before slaughter) and 3 percentages of supplemental limestone (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0%) replenished in the diet for 3 d before slaughter and after a 2-wk limestone withdrawal. Plasma samples were obtained during the feeding period. Upon slaughter, adductor, gracilus, pectineus, sartorius, semimembranosus, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis muscles were obtained and aged for 1, 3, or 7 d. Calcium concentrations were increased in plasma when 250 or 500 mg of 25-OH D(3) were administered (P </= 0.05). Calcium concentrations in muscle increased (P </= 0.001) when 500 mg of 25-OH D(3) were administered. Concentrations of 25-OH D(3) in meat and in plasma and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25-(OH)(2) D(3)] in plasma were increased when 25-OH D(3) was administered (P </= 0.05). The percentage of limestone replenished in the diet had no effect on 25-OH D(3) or 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) in meat or in plasma. Calpastatin activity was affected by treatments only in the gracilus and vastus intermedius muscles (P </= 0.05). Among all muscles and aging periods, calpastatin activity and intensity of troponin-T degradation product were related inversely. Results indicate that supplemental 25-OH D(3) has some influence on muscle characteristics known to improve tenderness, but improved tenderness was not observed.
Intracellular trafficking of the human Wilson protein: the role of the six N-terminal metal-binding sites (2004)

The Wilson protein (ATP7B) is a copper-transporting CPx-type ATPase defective in the copper toxicity disorder Wilson disease. In hepatocytes, ATP7B delivers copper to apo-ceruloplasmin and mediates the excretion of excess copper into bile. These distinct functions require the protein to localize at two different subcellular compartments. At the trans-Golgi network, ATP7B transports copper for incorporation into apo-ceruloplasmin. When intracellular copper levels are increased, ATP7B traffics to post-Golgi vesicles in close proximity to the canalicular membrane to facilitate biliary copper excretion. In the present study, we investigated the role of the six N-terminal MBSs (metal-binding sites) in the trafficking process. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we mutated or deleted various combinations of the MBSs and assessed the effect of these changes on the localization and trafficking of ATP7B. Results show that the MBSs required for trafficking are the same as those previously found essential for the copper transport function. Either MBS 5 or MBS 6 alone was sufficient to support the redistribution of ATP7B to vesicular compartments. The first three N-terminal motifs were not required for copper-dependent intracellular trafficking and could not functionally replace sites 4-6 when placed in the same sequence position. Furthermore, the N-terminal region encompassing MBSs 1-5 (amino acids 64-540) was not essential for trafficking, with only one MBS close to the membrane channel, necessary and sufficient to support trafficking. Our findings were similar to those obtained for the closely related ATP7A protein, suggesting similar mechanisms for trafficking between copper-transporting CPx-type ATPases.
massiR : a method for predicting the sex of samples in gene expression microarray datasets (2014)

massiR is implemented as a Bioconductor package in R. The package and the vignette can be downloaded at bioconductor.org and are provided under a GPL-2 license.
Ethanol production in a microporous hollow‐fiber‐based extractive fermentor with immobilized yeast (1990)

Microporous-membrane-based extractive product recovery in product-inhibited fermentations allows in situ recovery of inhibitory products in a nondispersive fashion. A tubular bioreactor with continuous strands of hydrophobic microporous hollow fibers having extracting solvent flowing in fiber lumen was utilized for yeast fermentation of glucose to ethanol. Yeast was effectively immobilized on the shell side in small lengths of chopped microporous hyrophilic hollow fibers. The beneficial effects of in situ dispersion-free solvent ex (oleyl alcohol and dibutyl phthalate) were demonstrated for a 300 g/L glucose substrate feed. Outlet glucose concentration dropped drastically from 123 to 41 g/L as solvent/ substrate flow ratio was increased from 0 to 3 at 9 mL/h of substrate flow rate with oleyl alcohol as extracting solvent. The significant productivity increase with in situ solvent extraction became more evident as solvent/ substrate flow ratio increased. A model of the locally integrated extractive bioreactor describes the observed fermentor performance quite well.
Polymer Solar Cells That Use Self‐Assembled‐Monolayer‐ Modified ZnO/Metals as Cathodes (2008)

A simple solution-deposition method is developed to fabricate polymer solar cells that comprise a SAM-modified ZnO/metal bilayer cathode. The contact properties between the ZnO and metal can be enhanced by interfacial modification with a series of carboxylic acid-based dipolar SAMs. This finding provides a new strategy for very effective contact engineering in organic optoelectronic devices.
Advances in methods for atomic resolution macromolecular structure determination (2020)

Recent technical advances have dramatically increased the power and scope of structural biology. New developments in high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy, serial X-ray crystallography, and electron diffraction have been especially transformative. Here we highlight some of the latest advances and current challenges at the frontiers of atomic resolution methods for elucidating the structures and dynamical properties of macromolecules and their complexes.
A role for MHC class I molecules in synaptic plasticity and regeneration of neurons after axotomy (2004)

Recently, MHC class I molecules have been shown to be important for the retraction of synaptic connections that normally occurs during development [Huh, G.S., Boulanger, L. M., Du, H., Riquelme, P. A., Brotz, T. M. & Shatz, C. J. (2000) Science 290, 2155-2158]. In the adult CNS, a classical response of neurons to axon lesion is the detachment of synapses from the cell body and dendrites. We have investigated whether MHC I molecules are involved also in this type of synaptic detachment by studying the synaptic input to sciatic motoneurons at 1 week after peripheral nerve transection in beta2-microglobulin or transporter associated with antigen processing 1-null mutant mice, in which cell surface MHC I expression is impaired. Surprisingly, lesioned motoneurons in mutant mice showed more extensive synaptic detachments than those in wild-type animals. This surplus removal of synapses was entirely directed toward inhibitory synapses assembled in clusters. In parallel, a significantly smaller population of motoneurons reinnervated the distal stump of the transected sciatic nerve in mutants. MHC I molecules, which traditionally have been linked with immunological mechanisms, are thus crucial for a selective maintenance of synapses during the synaptic removal process in neurons after lesion, and the lack of MHC I expression may impede the ability of neurons to regenerate axons.
Cryoprostatectomy: A Follow-up Study with Special Reference to Long-term Results (1972)

Sixty-four men who underwent cryoprostatectomy between 1966 and 1968 were re-examined after an average postoperative period of 28 months.A subjectively satisfactory result was obtained in 84% of the series. Micturition difficulties were unimproved or were worse in 10% and re-operation because of recurrent obstruction was necessary in 6%.The average reading for spontaneous maximum urinary flow was normal at the follow-up examination.In 73% of the patients the urine was free from infection at follow-up. Persistent infection had no demonstrable connection with disturbance of flow.Recurrence of obstruction could be attributed to incompleteness of the primary operation and not to re-growth of hyperplastic tissue.Incorporation of transurethral resection did not increase the radicality of cryoprostatectomy as judged from urinary flow values.In view of the satisfactory long-term results, cryoprostatectomy can be advocated as a useful addition to the conventional choice of therapeutic measures in pro-static obstruction.
Stress sensor based on light scattering by an array of birefringent optical waveguides (2003)

We propose a new stress-sensing technique based upon measurement of light scattering produced by an array of birefringent waveguides. When external stress is applied to the array of waveguides, their optical properties are modified <i>via</i> the photo-elastic effect. By monitorizing the scattered light amplitude this change can be detected and analyzed in order to assess the strength and direction of the external force.