gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of rat brain kynurenine aminotransferases I and II (1997)

The endogenous neuroprotectant kynurenic acid (KYNA) is produced by irreversible transamination of L-kynurenine (KYN). In the brain, two distinct kynurenine aminotransferases (KAT I and KAT II) are responsible for the formation of KYNA. The present experiments were designed to examine the respective roles of the two KATs in the normal rat brain. To this end, the two enzymes were partially purified, and their characteristics were examined. KAT I (identical with glutamine transaminase K) had an optimal pH of 9.5, preferred pyruvate as a cosubstrate and was potently inhibited by glutamine. KAT II (identical with L-alpha-aminoadipate transaminase) had a neutral optimal pH, showed no preference for pyruvate, and was essentially insensitive to inhibition by glutamine. KAT II was selectively inhibited by quisqualic acid (IC50: 520 microM). The endogenous substrate 3-hydroxykynurenine had an approximately 10-fold preference for KAT II. The distinct properties of the two enzymes made it possible to measure brain KAT I and KAT II in parallel by using dialyzed tissue homogenate (to remove interfering endogenous amino acids). Under these conditions, both enzymes presented essentially the same apparent Km values as the partially purified enzymes. In lesioned, neurondepleted brain tissue and in brain regions other than the cerebellum, KYNA derived primarily from KAT II at physiologic pH. In summary, the present study describes a simple methodology for the simultaneous determination of the two KYNA-producing enzymes in small rat brain tissue samples and provides baseline values for future work in experimentally challenged animals.
Properties of metal-metal single bonds. Vibrational and electronic spectra of binuclear rhodium(II) and iridium(II) isocyanide complexes with comparisons to decacarbonyldimanganese [Mn2(CO)10] (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProperties of metal-metal single bonds. Vibrational and electronic spectra of binuclear rhodium(II) and iridium(II) isocyanide complexes with comparisons to decacarbonyldimanganese [Mn2(CO)10]Vincent M. Miskowski, Terrance P. Smith, Thomas M. Loehr, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 26, 7925–7934Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00312a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00312a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views380Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Corrosion Resistance Evaluation of a Stainless-Steel Brazed Joint in HCl Solution (2021)

To clarify the effect of the acid solution type on corrosion resistance, the corrosion behavior of stainless steel brazed joints in HCl aqueous solution was evaluated through electrochemical measurements. Anodic polarization curves of a ferritic stainless-steel base metal, Ni-based brazing filler metals, and a brazed joint were recorded. In addition, in situ observations were conducted to observe the corrosion behavior of each structure of the brazed joint. Corrosion potentials of the brazing filler metal were lower than that of the base metal. In situ observations of the brazed joint revealed the order of corrosion in aqueous hydrochloric acid. According to the electrochemical measurements, under an actual corrosive environment, the brazing filler metal can function as an anode and selectively corrode. In addition, the anodic polarization curve of the brazed joint showed values between those of the polarization curves of the brazing filler metal and the base metal, indicating that the corrosion resistance could be electrochemically evaluated in HCl aqueous solution.
XANES Spectroscopic Analysis of Phosphorus Speciation in Alum‐Amended Poultry Litter (2008)

Aluminum sulfate (alum; Al(2)(SO(4))(3).14H(2)O) is used as a chemical treatment of poultry litter to reduce the solubility and release of phosphate, thereby minimizing the impacts on adjacent aquatic ecosystems when poultry litter is land applied as a crop fertilizer. The objective of this study was to determine, through the use of X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and sequential extraction, how alum amendments alter P distribution and solid-state speciation within the poultry litter system. Our results indicate that traditional sequential fractionation procedures may not account for variability in P speciation in heterogeneous animal manures. Analysis shows that NaOH-extracted P in alum amended litters is predominantly organic ( approximately 80%), whereas in the control samples, >60% of NaOH-extracted P was inorganic P. Linear least squares fitting (LLSF) analysis of spectra collected of sequentially extracted litters showed that the P is present in inorganic (P sorbed on Al oxides, calcium phosphates) and organic forms (phytic acid, polyphosphates, and monoesters) in alum- and non-alum-amended poultry litter. When determining land application rates of poultry litter, all of these compounds must be considered, especially organic P. Results of the sequential extractions in conjunction with LLSF suggest that no P species is completely removed by a single extractant. Rather, there is a continuum of removal as extractant strength increases. Overall, alum-amended litters exhibited higher proportions of Al-bound P species and phytic acid, whereas untreated samples contained Ca-P minerals and organic P compounds. This study provides in situ information about P speciation in the poultry litter solid and about P availability in alum- and non-alum-treated poultry litter that will dictate P losses to ground and surface water systems.
Parallel AMVP candidate list construction for HEVC (2012)

Advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) is one of the most important inter prediction coding tools adopted in the state-of-the-art HEVC coding standard, which does great effect on the coding efficiency. However, the current AMVP design is highly sequential and thus restricts the throughput both on the encoder and the decoder sides. To facilitate the parallel processing and enlarge the throughput, a parallel AMVP candidate list (AMVPCL) construction solution is proposed. The proposed parallel scheme consists of a three level fine granularity solutions. The first level is a CU-based approach and it constructs AMVPCL of all PUs in the same CU in parallel. The second level is also at CU level but it generates a single set of AMVPCL for all PUs inside a CU. Specifically, we only apply this method to 8×8 CU to balance the parallelism degree and rate-distortion performance. The third level is a CU-group based approach, in which AMVPCL of all PUs in the same CU-group are constructed in parallel. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm can efficiently achieve parallel motion estimation with negligible 0.0%~1.3% BD-rate loss at different degree of parallelism.
Observing the Formation of Long-Range Order during Bose-Einstein Condensation (2007)

We have experimentally investigated the formation of off-diagonal long-range order in a gas of ultracold atoms. A magnetically trapped atomic cloud prepared in a highly nonequilibrium state thermalizes and thereby crosses the Bose-Einstein condensation phase transition. The evolution of phase coherence between different regions of the sample is constantly monitored and information on the spatial first-order correlation function is obtained. We observe the growth of the spatial coherence and the formation of long-range order in real time and compare it to the growth of the atomic density. Moreover, we study the evolution of the momentum distribution during the nonequilibrium formation of the condensate.
Hot Embossing of Polymer Substrates for Thin Silicon Cell Applications (2006)

The use of polymer substrates for thin film solar cells is becoming an issue of great interest, as they facilitate monolithic interconnection of the cells to produce modules and can be used in continuous roll-to-roll processes. However, to reach high efficiencies of thin film silicon cells on polymer substrates, the development of efficient light confinement strategies has to be improved. In this work, hot embossing is used to produce a suitable surface morphology on PEN substrates. Three morphologies have been studied by using three selected masters. To evaluate the quality of the embossing, the morphology of the masters and that of the stamped PEN samples have compared. Finally, the stamped polymers have been covered with thin Ag and transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layers and whole reflectance experiments have been performed to asses the efficiency of the fabricated back reflectors
On the achievable rate for receiver cooperation in ad-hoc networks (2004)

In this paper, the achievable rate for receiver cooperation in ad-hoc networks is presented. We consider two kinds of cooperation. The signal cooperation requires complete synchronization in the network, including phase locked microwave oscillators at separated nodes. In code cooperation the nodes only cooperate on the encoding, but there is no assumption on node synchronization.
Model-Based and Model-Free of Torque and Speed Controls for PMa-SynRM Drive System (2022)

This paper describes the comparison of model- based and model-free control approaches for PMa-SynRM drive. The important improvement of the proposed control technique is the ability to determine the behavior of the state- variable system during both fixed-point and transient operations. The mathematical models of PMa-SynRM are firstly written in a straightforward linear model form to show the known and unknown parts. Before, the proposed controller, named here the intelligent proportional-integral (iPI), was applied as a control law to fix some unavoidable modeling errors and uncertainties of the motor. Lastly, a dSPACE control platform was used to realize the proposed control algorithm. A prototype 1-kW test bench based on a PMa-SynRM machine was designed and realized in the laboratory to test the studied control approach. The experimental results reveal that the proposed control achieves excellent results under transient operating conditions for the motor drive’s cascaded control compared to traditional PI and model-based controls.
Comparison of FT-FDTD and Spectral Domain FDTD for Periodic Structures (2008)

In recent years, the metamaterials and its applications to antenna and other fields have been widely investigated theoretically and experimentally. The metamaterials are usually realized by some periodic structures composed of a conductor and/or dielectric/magnetic materials. In order to design the characteristics of metamaterial properly, some theoretical and/or numerical techniques are required. The FDTD method is recognized as a powerful analyzing method for the metamaterials, because considerably, complicated phenomena can be analyzed easily. Furthermore, some techniques have been proposed to analyze the periodic structures using the FDTD method. One of which is the Spectral Domain FDTD method. This method has a very simple algorithm, and gives stable results, but this method can be applied only for a single frequency in general. The another one is called Field-Transformation (FT-FDTD)method proposed. This technique can be applied to a pulse response, but, requires some additional variables to realize a periodic boundary condition, The Mur's absorbing boundary condition is usually used in this method, for the simplicity. The application to the PML absorbing boundary is quite difficult because the more auxiliary variables are required. Furthermore, it has been found that some instability occurs when analyzing an oblique incident wave. In the first half, the spectral domain and FT-FDTD methods are briefly reviewed. In the second half, we analyze some periodic structures and we compare FT-FDTD method and spectral domain FDTD.
Strategy for Preventing Periodontal Disease according to Various Life Stages (2013)

2011年8月「歯科口腔保健の推進に関する法律」が公布・施行された。高齢化が進む中，生涯を通じて歯科疾患の予防や口腔機能の維持に取り組み，国民が健全な生活を営める社会の実現に向けた法的な整備が開始したことになる。この動きを受けて，本論文では，日本歯周病学会として，ライフステージごとの歯周病予防戦略について提案する。How to 式ではないので，「読んですぐ実践できる」という種類のものではない。むしろ，どのような考えをベースにこれからの歯周病対策をすべきか，診療室・地域において，歯周病学会会員ならではの活躍の参考資料になればと願う。日本歯周病学会会誌（日歯周誌）54(4)：352-374, 2012
Teaching under the new Taylorism: high‐stakes testing and the standardization of the 21 st century curriculum (2011)

The application of the principles of scientific management within the structure, organization, and curriculum of public schools in the US became dominant during the early 1900s. Based upon research evidence from the modern day era of high‐stakes testing in US public education, the fundamental logics guiding scientific management have resurfaced 100 years later, as teachers’ classroom practises are increasingly standardized by high‐stakes testing and scripted curriculum. As such, this paper offers a critical analysis of the changes made to teaching in modern times and argues that public school teachers in the US are teaching under what might be considered the ‘New Taylorism’, where their labour is controlled vis‐à‐vis high‐stakes testing and pre‐packaged, corporate curricula aimed specifically at teaching to the tests.
Visualization and image analysis of droplet puffing and micro-explosion in spray-flame synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (2022)

Abstract Combusting metal precursor-laden droplets, required in spray-flame synthesis of nanomaterials, are known to undergo a rapid and disruptive disintegration, i.e., puffing and micro-explosion. In this work, imaging with high spatiotemporal resolution and image-analysis routines were developed to investigate droplet disruption in spray-flame synthesis of metal oxides. Droplet shadowgraphs were imaged on a high-speed camera. The solvent was a mixture of 35 vol% ethanol and 65 vol% 2-ethylhexanoic acid which (in some cases) was mixed with a 0.2 mol/l iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate precursor. Photometric and morphological processing identified in-focus features, estimated their size, velocity, and circularity, and discriminated regular, spherical droplets from disrupting ones. While solely regular droplets were found in the spray flame of pure solvent, with the precursor/solvent mixture, disrupting droplets were found in addition to the regular droplets. Disruption events were phenomenologically classified into puffing, comprising droplet deformation and local eruption, and micro-explosion, the violent disintegration of the droplet into multiple fragments. Puffing was found to occur much more frequently than micro-explosions. Disrupting droplets had a 32% smaller Sauter mean diameter than regular droplets, indicating that disruptions are beneficial for rapid spray evaporation. At 40 and 50 mm heights above the burner, about 8 and 6%, respectively, of the in-focus droplets are disrupting per millimeter axial distance. Thus, throughout their lifetime in the spray flame, all precursor-laden droplets are expected to experience disruption. Graphical abstract
Studies on the Constituents of Quercus spp. : II. On the Constituents of Quercus stenophylla MAKINO. (2) (1968)

From the petr. ether extracts of the air-dried leaves and branches of Quercus stenophylla MAKINO (Japanese name "Urajirogashi"), n-paraffins, friedelin (I), epi-friederanol (II), friedelanol (III) and taraxerol (IV) were isolated by column chromatography on silicagel, and were identified. In addition, the components of n-paraffins were investigated by gas chromatography, and were confirmed to contain pentacosane (V) (3%), heptacosane (VI) (40%), nonacosane (VII) (28%) and hentriacontane (VIII) (20%).
Photoaddition of water and alcohols to 3-nitrostyrenes. Structure-reactivity and solvent effects (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoaddition of water and alcohols to 3-nitrostyrenes. Structure-reactivity and solvent effectsPeter Wan, Michael J. Davis, and Mary Anne TeoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 6, 1354–1359Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00267a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00267a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views815Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low-Delay Adaptive Video Streaming Based on Short-Term TCP Throughput Prediction (2015)

Recently, HTTP-Based Adaptive Streaming has become the de facto standard for video streaming over the Internet. It allows the client to adapt media characteristics to varying network conditions in order to maximize Quality of Experience (QoE). In the case of live streaming this task becomes particularly challenging. An important factor than might help improving performance is the capability to correctly predict network throughput dynamics on short to medium timescales. It becomes notably difficult in wireless networks that are often subject to continuous throughput fluctuations. In the present work, we develop an adaptation algorithm for HTTP-Based Adaptive Live Streaming that, for each adaptation decision, maximizes a QoE-based utility function depending on the probability of playback interruptions, average video quality, and the amount of video quality fluctuations. To compute the utility function the algorithm leverages throughput predictions, and dynamically estimated prediction accuracy. We are trying to close the gap created by the lack of studies analyzing TCP throughput on short to medium timescales. We study several time series prediction methods and their error distributions. We observe that Simple Moving Average performs best in most cases. We also observe that the relative underestimation error is best represented by a truncated normal distribution, while the relative overestimation error is best represented by a Lomax distribution. Moreover, underestimations and overestimations exhibit a temporal correlation that we use to further improve prediction accuracy. We compare the proposed algorithm with a baseline approach that uses a fixed margin between past throughput and selected media bit rate, and an oracle-based approach that has perfect knowledge over future throughput for a certain time horizon.
Social isolation (2011)

Social species, by definition, form organizations that extend beyond the individual. These structures evolved hand in hand with behavioral, neural, hormonal, cellular, and genetic mechanisms to support them because the consequent social behaviors helped these organisms survive, reproduce, and care for offspring sufficiently long that they too reproduced. Social isolation represents a lens through which to investigate these behavioral, neural, hormonal, cellular, and genetic mechanisms. Evidence from human and nonhuman animal studies indicates that isolation heightens sensitivity to social threats (predator evasion) and motivates the renewal of social connections. The effects of perceived isolation in humans share much in common with the effects of experimental manipulations of isolation in nonhuman social species: increased tonic sympathetic tonus and HPA activation; and decreased inflammatory control, immunity, sleep salubrity, and expression of genes regulating glucocorticoid responses. Together, these effects contribute to higher rates of morbidity and mortality in older adults.
Outlook for potential third-generation immersion fluids (2007)

In a search for alkane candidates for 193 nm immersion fluids, several alkanes and cycloalkanes were synthesized, purified and screened to ascertain their absorption at 193 nm, refractive index and temperature dispersion coefficient in the context of the actual application. In general, cycloalkanes, and more specifically polycycloalkanes, possess a higher refractive index than do linear alkanes. Decalin, cyclodecane, perhydrophenanthreme (PHP), perhydrofluorene (PHF) and perhydropyrene (PHPY) are examined as potential second and third generation immersion fluids. The use of perhydropyrene, which possesses a high refractive index of 1.7014 at 193 nm, may be limited as an immersion fluid because of high absorption at 193 nm. Mixtures of cycloalkanes can lead to a higher enhancement of the refractive index together with a decrease on the viscosity. Exhaustive purification of the fluids is a critical step in determining the real absorption of the different fluids at 193 nm. Two simple purification processes of these cycloalkanes were developed that led to low absorption fluids in the VUV region. The possibility of forming the oxygen complex in aerated fluids was reduced by purging samples with argon or nitrogen. This easy elimination of the oxygen complex shows the weak bonding nature of this complex.
Data and network communications (1999)

CHAPTER ONE: Introduction to Data and Network Communications. CHAPTER TWO: The Telephone System. CHAPTER THREE: Error Detection and Correction. CHAPTER FOUR: Open Systems Network Models. CHAPTER FIVE: The Physical Layer of the OSI Model. CHAPTER SIX: Higher Level Data Communications Techniques. CHAPTER SEVEN: Data Link Layer Protocols. CHAPTER EIGHT: Network Architecture and Protocols. CHAPTER NINE: Integrated Services Digital Network and Asynchronous Transfer Mode. CHAPTER TEN: The Internet and TCP/IP. CHAPTER ELEVEN: Fiber Optic Communications. CHAPTER TWELVE: Wireless Communications Systems. CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Data Communications Applications, Testing and Security.