gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of intracellular beta-catenin localization and intestinal tumorigenesis in vivo and in vitro by sphingolipids. (2001)

Sphingolipid consumption suppresses colon carcinogenesis, but the specific genetic defect(s) that can be bypassed by these dietary components are not known. Colon tumors often have defect(s) in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)/beta-catenin regulatory system. Therefore, C57Bl/6J(Min/+) mice with a truncated APC gene product were fed diets supplemented with ceramide, sphingomyelin, glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and ganglioside G(D3) (a composition similar in amount and type to that of dairy products) to determine whether tumorigenesis caused by this category of genetic defect is suppressed. Sphingolipid feeding reduced the number of tumors in all regions of the intestine, and caused a marked redistribution of beta-catenin from a diffuse (cytosolic plus membrane) pattern to a more "normal" localization at mainly intercellular junctions between intestinal epithelial cells. The major digestion product of complex sphingolipids is sphingosine, and treatment of two human colon cancer cell lines in culture (SW480 and T84) with sphingosine reduced cytosolic and nuclear beta-catenin, inhibited growth, and induced cell death. Ceramides, particularly long-chain ceramides, also had effects. Thus, dietary sphingolipids, presumably via their digestion products, bypass or correct defect(s) in the APC/beta-catenin regulatory pathway. This may be at least one mechanism whereby dietary sphingolipids inhibit colon carcinogenesis, and might have implications for dietary intervention in human familial adenomatous polyposis and colon cancer.
Surface modification of Teflon® PFA with vacuum UV photo-oxidation (2006)

Abstract Surface modification of poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoropropyl vinyl ether) (PFA) with vacuum UV (VUV) photo-oxidation using radiation from excited Ar atoms downstream from an Ar microwave (MW) plasma shows: (1) an improvement in wettability as observed by water contactangle measurements; (2) surface roughening; (3) incorporation of oxygen as C=O, CF—O—CF2 and CF2—O—CF2 moieties and (4) enhancement of the CF—O—C n F2n+1 concentration. Adhesion measurements of Cu sputter coated onto the photo-oxidized PFA surface results in failure within the PFA (cohesive failure) and not at the Cu–PFA interface. Keywords: SURFACE MODIFICATIONTEFLONPFACOPPERVUVPHOTO-OXIDATIONCOHESIVE FAILUREADHESIONAR MICROWAVE PLASMA
교사의 탄생: 신라사회의 "교사" (2014)

이 논문의 의의는 신라사회에 존재했던 여러 가지 교사의 모습을 살펴봄으로써 이 시대의 교사의 존재 문제, 나아가 교육의 개념 자체를 돌아보는 계기를 마련하는 데 있다. 이 논문에 제시된 신라사회의 교사상으로서는 정치교육의 책임자로서의 모습, 종교교육의 담당자로서의 모습, 사회교육의 담당자로서의 모습, 학교교육의 담당자로서의 모습 등을 차례로 살펴보았다. 이러한 고찰을 통하여 신라사회에는 지금과는 다른 다양한 모습의 교사가 존재했음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 신라사회의 교육의 모습이 다양했음을 말해주는 것이며, 동시에 우리 사회의 교육과 교사의 모습이 지나치게 학교 중심으로 획일화되어 있음을 알려주는 것이기도 하다.
Evaluation of a Bruker timsTOF Pro for Native Mass Spectrometry (2021)

Mass spectrometry-based assays in structural biology studies typically measure either intact or digested proteins. Traditionally, there are different mass spectrometers dedicated for such measurements: those focused on the rapid analysis of small molecules, such as digested peptides, and those designed for high mass intact analysis. The Bruker timsTOF Pro mass spectrometer (ion mobility-quadrupole-time of flight platform, IM-Q-TOF), has become widely utilized for the analysis of small molecules in the fields of proteomics and metabolomics, with ion mobility spectrometry offering an additional stage of ion separation coupled to liquid chromatography. While this instrument has proven capabilities for small molecule analysis, the ability to perform high-quality native mass spectrometry of intact protein complexes remains largely uninvestigated. Here, we evaluate this IM-Q-TOF platform for the analysis of intact proteins and non-covalently bound protein complexes as small as 12 kDa (cytochrome c) and as large as 801 kDa (GroEL), utilizing the full range of ion mobility, MS, and MS/MS (in-source cleanup and collision cell CID) experiments available on this platform. In-source activation and collision cell CID were found to be robust capabilities for both small and large complexes. Nonetheless, the TIMS analyzer was soft enough to preserve protein-ligand interactions between 1,3-benzenedisulfonamide and carbonic anhydrase. TIMS-CID was performed on the protein complexes streptavidin (53 kDa), avidin (68 kDa) and cholera toxin B (CTB, 58 kDa). Pyruvate kinase and GroEL were beyond the trapping capabilities of the commercial TIMS analyzer. Although quadrupole selection is limited to m/z 3000 by the manufacturer, ions of significantly higher m/z can be transmitted and studied. The present results show that the commercially available Bruker IM-Q-TOF platform can be used for both omics and native mass spectrometry applications; however, modifications to the commercial RF drivers for the TIMS analyzer and quadrupole will be required if protein complexes greater than a few tens of kDa are of interest.
Accurate Radiation Impedance Analysis for CMUT Design (2022)

The transducer resonance frequency is a key parameter for the field of ultrasound. The resonance frequency in vacuum is well understood, and an analytical expression for the center frequency in immersion was derived by Lamb in 1920 [1], however this expression has limited validity. Importantly, the model fails to cover plate aspect ratios needed by imaging requirements and met by recently fabricated medical Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs). Based on the equation of motion a new expression for the resonance frequency in immersion is derived. The influence of the immersion medium is included via the radiation impedance, which is approximated using the well-known Taylor expansion, yielding results similar to Lamb's. For precision at smaller aspect ratios, this work proposes using the Padé approximant instead. Comparing the frequency ratio to FEM simulations, the Padé approximant shows a fourfold reduction in error from 12.0% to 3.0%.
Quantity over Quality: Training an AV Motion Planner with Large Scale Commodity Vision Data (2022)

With the Autonomous Vehicle (AV) industry shifting towards machine-learned approaches for motion planning, the performance of self-driving systems is starting to rely heavily on large quantities of expert driving demonstrations. However, collecting this demonstration data typically involves expensive HD sensor suites (LiDAR + RADAR + cameras), which quickly becomes financially infeasible at the scales required. This motivates the use of commodity sensors like cameras for data collection, which are an order of magnitude cheaper than HD sensor suites, but offer lower fidelity. Leveraging these sensors for training an AV motion planner opens a financially viable path to observe the `long tail' of driving events. As our main contribution we show it is possible to train a high-performance motion planner using commodity vision data which outperforms planners trained on HD-sensor data for a fraction of the cost. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate this using real-world data. We compare the performance of the autonomy system on these two different sensor configurations, and show that we can compensate for the lower sensor fidelity by means of increased quantity: a planner trained on 100h of commodity vision data outperforms the one with 25h of expensive HD data. We also share the engineering challenges we had to tackle to make this work.
<title>Inflight validation of the calibration of the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer in 1993</title> (1994)

To achieve the research objectives of the Airborne Visible/IR Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), the sensor calibration must be valid while AVIRIS is acquiring data from the airborne platform. The operational environment inside the aircraft differs significantly from that in the AVIRIS laboratory environment where the sensor is calibrated prior to and following each flight season. To independently validate the calibration of AVIRIS in the flight environment an inflight calibration experiment is conducted at least twice each flight season. Results for a calibration experiment held on the 26th of September 1993 are presented.
Abstract 5368: Increase in viral load, viral integration and gain of telomerase genes during uterine cervical carcinogenesis can be simultaneously assessed by the HPV MLPA-assay (2010)

Abstract Oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most important risk factor in cervical carcinogenesis with high viral load, viral integration into the host genome, and gain of the telomerase-related genes TERT and TERC being factors associated with progression to cancer. A recently developed multiparameter HPV MLPA-assay (Theelen et al. Int J Cancer 2009, Epub Aug 26) that allows the simultaneous assessment of these factors was applied to a series of normal and (pre)malignant frozen uterine cervical samples, and tested for its ability to identify high grade cervical lesions with both high sensitivity and specificity. A total of 67 cervical samples from normal cervix, as well as different (pre)malignant stages was analysed by the MLPA-assay and validated by quantitative PCR, the PapilloCheck, and fluorescence in situ hybridization for the individual parameters. Only 5 out of 37 (14%) normal samples or low grade cervical lesions (CIN1 and condyloma) showed either a HPV16 viral load higher than 25 copies per cell, viral integration, and/or gain of one of the telomerase related genes, whereas for the high grade cervical lesions (CIN2/3 and squamous cell carcinoma) one or more of these parameters were found in 25 out of 30 cases (83%). As a result, the HPV MLPA-assay combines a sensitivity of 83% with a specificity of 86% in frozen cervical specimens, making it a valuable screening tool for cervical (pre)neoplasia. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5368.
Thermodynamic Stability of Immiscible Polymer Blends (2000)

Calculations based on an extended Flory−Huggins−Staverman model demonstrate that miscibility gaps in virtually immiscible blends may encompass a complex pattern of metastable and unstable equilibria that differ little in Gibbs free energy. Examples are given that demonstrate the development of near immiscibility by sideways coalescence of upper-critical and lower-critical gaps upon an increase of the chain lengths of the constituents. The mechanisms of merging are discussed, as well as the effect of chain-length distribution and copolymer composition. The conceivable occurrence of nonstable equilibria may lead to a change in physical properties of immiscible blends with time, here called thermodynamic aging of the second kind.
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) Interactions in Solution Studied by NMR (2012)

PCNA is an essential factor for DNA replication and repair. It forms a ring shaped structure of 86 kDa by the symmetric association of three identical protomers. The ring encircles the DNA and acts as a docking platform for other proteins, most of them containing the PCNA Interaction Protein sequence (PIP-box). We have used NMR to characterize the interactions of PCNA with several other proteins and fragments in solution. The binding of the PIP-box peptide of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 to PCNA is consistent with the crystal structure of the complex. A shorter p21 peptide binds with reduced affinity but retains most of the molecular recognition determinants. However the binding of the corresponding peptide of the tumor suppressor ING1 is extremely weak, indicating that slight deviations from the consensus PIP-box sequence dramatically reduce the affinity for PCNA, in contrast with a proposed less stringent PIP-box sequence requirement. We could not detect any binding between PCNA and the MCL-1 or the CDK2 protein, reported to interact with PCNA in biochemical assays. This suggests that they do not bind directly to PCNA, or they do but very weakly, with additional unidentified factors stabilizing the interactions in the cell. Backbone dynamics measurements show three PCNA regions with high relative flexibility, including the interdomain connector loop (IDCL) and the C-terminus, both of them involved in the interaction with the PIP-box. Our work provides the basis for high resolution studies of direct ligand binding to PCNA in solution.
Design Requirements for Group-IV Laser Based on Fully Strained Ge1−xSnxEmbedded in Partially Relaxed Si1−y−zGeySnzBuffer Layers (2016)

Theoretical calculation using the model solid theory is performed to design the stack of a group-IV laser based on a fully strained Ge1-xSnx active layer grown on a strain relaxed Si1-y-zGeySnz buffer/barrier layer. The degree of strain relaxation is taken into account for the calculation for the first time. The transition between the indirect and the direct band material for the active Ge1-xSnx layer is calculated as function of Sn content and strain. The required Sn content in the buffer layer needed to apply the required strain in the active layer in order to obtain a direct bandgap material is calculated. Besides, the band offset between the (partly) strain relaxed Si1-y-zGeySnz buffer layer and the Ge1-xSnx pseudomorphically grown on it is calculated. We conclude that an 80% relaxed buffer layer needs to contain 13.8% Si and 14% Sn in order to provide sufficiently high band offsets with respect to the active Ge1-xSnx layer which contains at least 6% Sn in order to obtain a direct bandgap.
Products of Random Matrices with Applications to Schrödinger Operators (1985)

CHAPTER I THE DETERMINISTIC SCHRODINGER OPERATOR 187 1. The difference equation. Hyperbolic structures 187 2. Self adjointness of H. Spectral properties . 190 3. Slowly increasing generalized eigenfun
Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Rev and Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Rex Function, but Not Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus Constitutive Transport Element Activity, by a Mutant Human Nucleoporin Targeted to Crm1 (1998)

The hypothesis that the cellular protein Crm1 mediates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev-dependent nuclear export posits that Crm1 can directly interact both with the Rev nuclear export signal (NES) and with cellular nucleoporins. Here, we demonstrate that Crm1 is indeed able to interact with active but not defective forms of the HIV-1 Rev NES and of NESs found in other retroviral nuclear export factors. In addition, we demonstrate that Crm1 can bind the Rev NES when Rev is assembled onto the Rev response element RNA target and that Crm1, like Rev, is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein. Crm1 also specifically binds the Rev NES in vitro, although this latter interaction is detectable only in the presence of added Ran . GTP. Overexpression of a truncated, defective form of the nucleoporin Nup214/CAN, termed DeltaCAN, that retains Crm1 binding ability resulted in the effective inhibition of HIV-1 Rev or human T-cell leukemia virus Rex-dependent gene expression. In contrast, DeltaCAN had no significant affect on Mason-Pfizer monkey virus constitutive transport element (MPMV CTE)-dependent nuclear RNA export or on the expression of RNAs dependent on the cellular mRNA export pathway. As a result, DeltaCAN specifically blocked late, but not early, HIV-1 gene expression in HIV-1-infected cells. These data strongly validate Crm1 as a cellular cofactor for HIV-1 Rev and demonstrate that the MPMV CTE nuclear RNA export pathway uses a distinct, Crm1-independent mechanism. In addition, these data identify a novel and highly potent inhibitor of leucine-rich NES-dependent nuclear export.
Angiotensinogen T235 expression is elevated in decidual spiral arteries. (1997)

Preeclampsia is associated with a common molecular variant of angiotensinogen (Met235Thr). This variant is in tight linkage disequilibrium with a mutation in the angiotensinogen promoter, G(-6)A, which leads to elevated expression in vitro. Since angiotensin II levels could play a role in atherotic changes of the uterine spiral arteries associated with preeclampsia, we investigated angiotensinogen expression in the first trimester uterus. We localized angiotensinogen transcription in uterine decidua using in situ reverse transcription PCR. We then compared decidual T235 expression levels to M235 levels in heterozygous women using an allele-specific ligation assay and a single nucleotide primer extension assay. In human decidua, angiotensinogen is expressed only in spiral artery smooth muscle cells. Heterozygous women have significantly elevated expression of the T235 allele compared to the M235 allele (P < 0.0001). These observations suggest that elevated expression of the T235 allele in decidual spiral arteries may cause first trimester atherotic changes leading to preeclampsia.
A Pressure-Shear Plate Impact Experiment for Studying the Rheology of Lubricants at High Pressures and High Shearing Rates (1987)

A new plate impact configuration is described for subjecting lubricants to simple shearing motion under uniform hydrostatic pressure. Thin layers (∼50 μm thick) of the lubricant are confined between two hard metallic plates which are subjected to impact by a parallel plate that is inclined relative to the direction of approach in order to induce both pressure and shear loading. Stress waves in the hard plates are monitored by laser interferometry; all measurements are made before unloading waves arrive from the periphery. For approximately one microsecond the compressed lubricant is subjected to a simple shearing motion and a continuous record of the shear stress and shear rate is obtained. Results presented for the lubricant 5P4E at pressures of 1-5 GPa and shear rates of approximately 9 × 105 s−1 show good agreement with available data on the dependence of the limiting shear stress on the confining pressure at lower pressures and lower shearing rates.
Mixed Ownership Reform, Government Intervention, and Earnings Quality: Empirical Evidence from Pilot Enterprises in China (2022)

Using a sample of mixed ownership pilot enterprises in China from 2014 to 2018, we find that mixed ownership reform (MOR) can improve earnings quality. Thus, improving earnings quality (reducing market friction) is a specific mechanism through which MOR affects economic growth. We also find that the effect of government intervention on earnings quality varies across regions. In high-marketization regions, government intervention cater to the market and it has little or marginal effect on the effect of MOR on earnings quality. However, in low-marketization regions, government weakens the effect of MOR on earnings quality. MOR and reduced government intervention have complementary effects on earnings quality. MOR is not a one-size-fits-all formula, and it should be tailor-made according to local conditions (such as marketization levels).
Single‐Site Molybdenum on Solid Support Materials for Catalytic Hydrogenation of N2‐into‐NH3 (2018)

Abstract Very stable in operando and low‐loaded atomic molybdenum on solid‐support materials have been prepared and tested to be catalytically active for N 2 ‐into‐NH 3 hydrogenation. Ammonia synthesis is reported at atmospheric pressure and 400 °C with NH 3 rates of approximately 1.3×10 3 μmol h −1 g Mo −1 using a well‐defined Mo‐hydride grafted on silica (SiO 2‐700 ). DFT modelling on the reaction mechanism suggests that N 2 spontaneously binds on monopodal [(≡Si−O‐)MoH 3 ]. Based on calculations, the fourth hydrogenation step involving the release of the first NH 3 molecule represents the rate‐limiting step of the whole reaction. The inclusion of cobalt co‐catalyst and an alkali caesium additive impregnated on a mesoporous SBA‐15 support increases the formation of NH 3 with rates of circa 3.5×10 3 μmol h −1 g Mo −1 under similar operating conditions and maximum yield of 29×10 3 μmol h −1 g Mo −1 when the pressure is increased to 30 atm.
Clinical diagnostic guidelines of allergic rhinitis: comprehensive treatment and consideration of special circumstances (2017)

In order to prevent sensitization to a new allergen and the development of asthma, practitioners may consider allergen-specific immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinitis. Additionally, in patients with severe allergic rhinitis refractory to medication, practitioners can also consider surgical management for improving the patients' nasal symptoms. However, there are still no practical guidelines regarding the indications for immunotherapy, the appropriate selection of the allergen, and the optimal duration of therapy. Moreover, no clear indications exist for surgical treatment. Pregnant or lactating women frequently complain of symptoms of rhinitis. However, due to the fear of potential complications to their babies, they avoid medical treatment despite significant discomfort. Therefore, we present 14 answers to core questions about immunotherapy, surgical treatment, and considerations for special circumstances, such as pregnancy and lactation.
EBG-Based Common-Mode Microstrip and Stripline Filters: Experimental Investigation of Performances and Crosstalk (2015)

The aim of this study is to analyze from a modeling and experimental point of view the filter effectiveness and the crosstalk among signal traces crossing the same common-mode filter based on electromagnetic bandgap structures in a modern server design configurations. Both microstrips and striplines are considered in the study, detailing the differences among them in the design step as well as in filter geometry and response. Simulation models and experimental setups are carefully described, and the numerical and measurement results are compared and discussed.
Towards maximizing expected possession outcome in soccer (2023)

Soccer players need to make many decisions throughout a match in order to maximize their team’s chances of winning. Unfortunately, these decisions are challenging to measure and evaluate due to the low-scoring, complex, and highly dynamic nature of soccer. This article proposes an end-to-end deep reinforcement learning framework that receives raw tracking data for each situation in a game, and yields optimal ball destination location on the full surface of the pitch. Using the proposed approach, soccer players and coaches are able to analyze the actual behavior in their historical games, obtain the optimal behavior and plan for future games, and evaluate the outcome of the optimal decisions prior to deployment in a match. Concisely, the results of our optimization model propose more short passes (Tiki-Taka playing style) in all phases of a ball possession, and higher propensity of low distance shots (i.e. shots in attack phase). Such a modification will let the typical teams to increase their likelihood of possession ending in a goal by 0.025.