gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal boundary conditions around thin Pt wires under the current supply and its application for Joule heat welding of wires having various diameters (2019)

This paper treats the Joule heat welding of thin Pt wires having various diameters. Joining of fine-scale materials, such as micro- or nanowires, has been essential to create advanced materials systems. Joule heat welding is one of the suitable way for this purpose. It has been reported that thin wires were welded together under the supply of constant direct current, and the welding condition was sensitive to the thermal boundary conditions around the wires under the current supply, which was affected by the heat transfer from the wire surface to the ambient and the heat conduction at the ends for the current supply. The diameters of thin Pt wires were 0.8-20 μm, and the current required to cut the wire by Joule heating was investigated. The temperature of the wire having the smaller diameter was easily increased by Joule heating, and this became remarkable with increasing the slenderness ratio, i.e., the ratio of the diameter to the length for current supply. An index related to the temperature of the wire under the current supply was introduced to describe the thermal boundary conditions around the wire. The behavior of the index against the diameter was approximated by the exponential functions, and the thermal boundary conditions around the wires having various diameters became predictable. Finally, the validity of the thermal boundary conditions determined and predicted in this study was verified by conducting the experiments to cut and weld the wires by Joule heating.
Nanoscale mapping of point defect concentrations with 4D-STEM (2023)

Vacancies are missing atoms in a crystalline material, and occur both at equilibrium (varying with temperature) and out of equilibrium such as when crystalline materials are damaged with radiation or corrosion. While we know of their importance, particularly regarding diffusive mechanisms, it is not straightforward to experimentally measure their concentration or to visualize them directly. Traditionally, measurements such as positron annihilation spectroscopy and to some degree X-ray diffraction can measure average concentrations, but generally lack the ability to visualize or quantify a heterogenous concentration of vacancies that can occur at the level of individual defects and microstructural features. Here, we present a method to map vacancy concentrations and their distribution using local lattice parameter measurements with a high-resolution electron microscope. Our method utilizes a Au thin film as a model to demonstrate the method via four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) by correlating the differences between changes in lattice parameter and the volumetric thermal expansion during in situ heating experiments. The vacancy mapping methodology is also applied to non-equilibrium defects accumulated in pure Al via knock-on electron beam irradiation. Our method demonstrates the ability to map point defect concentrations in heterogeneous systems in situ with nanometer spatial resolution. The result is a technique that can provide direct measurements of vacancy concentrations at the level of individual defects in studies of materials in and out of equilibrium.
Enthalpies of Formation of N-Substituted Pyrazoles and Imidazoles (1999)

Accurate experimental enthalpies of formation measured using static bomb combustion calorimetry, the “vacuum sublimation” drop calorimetry method, and the Knudsen-effusion method are reported for the first time for four azoles: 1-methylimidazole (1MeIMI), 1-methylpyrazole (1MePYR), 1-benzylimidazole (1BnIMI), and 1-benzylpyrazole (1BnPYR). These values and those corresponding to imidazole (1HIMI), pyrazole (1HPYR), 1-ethylimidazole (1EtIMI), 1-ethylpyrazole (1EtPYR), 1-phenylimidazole (1PhIMI), and 1-phenylpyrazole (1PhPYR) are compared with theoretical values using the G2(MP2) and the B3LYP/6-311*G(3df,2p)//6-31G(d) approaches. In general, there is a very good agreement between calculated and experimental values for the series of N-substituted imidazoles, while the agreement is less good for the series of the N-substituted pyrazoles. Experimentally, the gap between the enthalpies of formation of imidazoles and pyrazoles decreases significantly upon N-substitution, while the theoretical estimates indicate that this decrease is smaller.
Solar node and gateway wireless system functions in record breaking polar vortex outbreak of February 2021 (2021)

Abstract Advances in environmental and agricultural management are increasingly enabled by unattended data acquisition using internet‐of‐things (IOT) approaches. These approaches combine advanced sensors and wireless data transmission to automatically convey field data to the internet. Users, either human or machine, then can access and act upon the data from nearly anywhere in the world. Particularly in the case of machines automatically acting on the data, robustness, reliability and accuracy of data are crucial to preventing unintended outcomes of machine operations and continued supply of key services. Low‐cost, low‐power, and solar‐powered systems are important to enable market entry of advanced decision support systems based on IOT data acquisition approaches. The polar vortex outbreak of February 2021 in the central United States provided an extreme test of such a node and gateway system for automatic data acquisition and telemetry to the internet over the cellular telephone network. The system, codesigned by USDA‐ARS and Acclima, performed admirably despite air temperatures reaching a minimum of −24 °C, temperatures &lt; 0 °C for 8 d and &lt; −7 °C for 6 d, two snowstorms, and overcast conditions. The six nodes, gateway, and 36 sensors continued to function reliably with a data transmission failure rate of &lt;2 in 10,000 even though the Li‐ion batteries could not be recharged for 7 d due to temperatures &lt;5 °C. The system reports geographic position of each node and gateway, model numbers and firmware versions of all equipment, including sensors, date, and time of sensor readings, and individual sensor elevations relative to a reference surface, affording data self‐identification for unfettered use by remote systems.
Design of Band Lineups and Optical Gains in CdxZn1-xS/CdyZn1-yS Multiple Quantum Wells Lattice-Matched to GaAs Substrates (2004)

We have performed a theoretical study of band lineups and optical gains in CdxZn1-xS/CdyZn1-yS multiple quantum wells (MQWs). The valence band offset depends greatly on well and barrier widths. The average lattice constant of CdxZn1-xS/CdyZn1-yS MQWs is controlled by well and barrier widths and alloy compositions in well and barrier layers, and it can be matched to the lattice constant of the GaAs substrates. The effective band-gap is changed around the blue-green spectral range under the lattice matching condition between CdxZn1-xS/CdyZn1-yS MQWs and GaAs substrates. Positive optical gain is obtained at the carrier concentration of n=7×1018 cm-3 in CdxZn1-xS/CdyZn1-yS MQWs at x=0.7, y=0.5 and room temperature (RT).
Delaware Basin: Characterizing the Lower Abo horizontal oil play using seismic (2017)

The Lower Abo (LABO) reservoir formation is located along the Northern Shelf of the Delaware Basin. The porosity within the LABO occurs within dolomitized mudstone units. In this case study, three critical elements characterize the best performing wells within the LABO were: rock quality, proximity to dolomitized mudstone-pinchout, and structure. Seismic allows one to solve for all three parameters and provide better lateral resolution compared to vertical well control. Presentation Date: Monday, September 25, 2017 Start Time: 4:20 PM Location: 381A Presentation Type: ORAL
Timing of Microsurgical Reconstruction in Lower Extremity Trauma: An Update of the Godina Paradigm (2019)

Therapeutic, III.
Exploring the interaction network of a synthetic gut bacterial community (2021)

Abstract A key challenge in microbiome research is to predict functionality from microbial community composition. As central microbiota functions are determined by bacterial community networks it is important to gain insight into the principles that govern bacteria-bacteria interactions. Here, we focused on growth and metabolic interactions of the Oligo-Mouse-Microbiota (OMM 12 ) synthetic bacterial community, which is increasingly used as model system in gut microbiome research. Using a bottom-up approach, we uncovered the directionality of strain-strain interactions in mono- and pairwise co-culture experiments, as well as in community batch culture. Metabolomics analysis of spent culture supernatant of individual strains in combination with genome-informed pathway reconstruction provided insights into the metabolic potential of the individual community members. Thereby, we could show that the OMM 12 interaction network is shaped by both, exploitative and interference competition in vitro. In particular, Enterococcus faecalis KB1 was identified as important driver of community composition by affecting the abundance of several other consortium members. Together, this study gives fundamental insight into key drivers and mechanistic basis of the OMM 12 interaction network, which serves as knowledge base for future mechanistic studies.
165. RETURN TO SPORT FOLLOWING SINGLE-BUNDLE ACL RECONSTRUCTION: PATELLAR TENDON AUTOGRAFT VERSUS HAMSTRING AUTOGRAFT (2011)

Purpose: This study sought to examine return to sports in athletes younger than 25 following ACL reconstruction with either patellar tendon (PT) or hamstring (HS) autografts using a matched-pairs case-control experimental design. Method: Twenty-three matched pairs were obtained based on gender (56.5% Female), age (18.3±2.5yrs PT vs.17.6±2.6 HS), and length of follow-up (4.7±2.1yrs PT vs. 4.2±1.6 HS). All patients reported participating in very strenuous (soccer, basketball etc.) or strenuous (skiing, tennis etc.) sporting activity 4–7 times/ week prior to their knee injury. Outcomes other than return to play included the IKDC, SAS, ADLS, SF-36, knee range of motion, laxity, and hop/jump testing. Results: Most patients in both groups were able to participate in very strenuous or strenuous sporting activity at follow-up [18 (78.3%) PT vs. 19 (82.6%) HS]. However, only 13 (56.5%) of the patellar tendon subjects and 10 (43.5%) of the hamstrings patients were able to return to pre-injury activity levels in terms of frequency and type of sport (p=.63). Hamstrings patients showed higher ADLS (p Conclusion: While autograft and allograft patellar tendon ACL reconstruction exhibit similar clinical outcomes in high-demand individuals, autogenous hamstring grafts may lead to better subjective outcomes in young patients who participate in very strenuous levels of activity. Both graft options only allowed approximately half of the injured athletes to return to their previous level of sporting activity.
A joint learning based face hallucination approach for low quality face image (2013)

This paper describes a novel method for single-image super-resolution (SR) based on a neighbor embedding technique which uses coupled feature spaces under surveillance scenarios. For surveillance face images, traditional neighbor embedding SR approaches could not offer counterintuitive results because consistency between high resolution images and low resolution images is destroyed by serious noise which caused by environmental impact factors and large distance between the camera and objects. In order to reinforce the consistency, we extend the learning space from single to a coupled feature space that combine image intensity feature and contour model. The contour model describes facial contour information as images generated from original low resolution ones. Simulation experiments show that this proposed approach could provide competitive results in simulation experiments in subjective and objective quality. Even in surveillance scenario the proposed method outperforms the traditional methods.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW CATALYSTS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS FROM CARBON MONOXIDE AND HYDROGEN (1978)

Abstract Aus Kohlenmonoxid und Wasserstoff entsteht unter einem Druck von 1,6 at und bei 170°C in Gegenwart der Rhodium‐dodecacarbonyl‐Aluminiumhalogenid‐Komplexe (I) und (II) ein Gemisch aus Kohlendioxid, Methan, Ethan und Propan.
DEVELOPMENT OF A ROBOTIC COLONOSCOPE (2000)

Background : Colonoscopy is a common procedure for the diagnosis of various colon pathologies such as cancer of the colon. Due to the working characteristics of conventional colonoscopes, the present colonoscopy procedure is unpleasant for the patient and is technically demanding for the endoscopist. Methods : A robotic colonoscope named EndoCrawler is proposed for inspection and surgical procedures. Supported by the colonic walls, it can propel itself into the human colon using its rubber bellow actuators to push against the colonic walls. The bellow actuators are distributed circumferentially and longitudinally in order to derive sufficient propelling forces. Results : Promising results from in vitro and in vivo experiments (on pigs) suggested that the EndoCrawler was a viable alternative to the conventional colonoscope. It was observed to be able to move at a speed of 150 mm/min in a live pig colon. It achieved a distance of 30 cm before being stopped by feces. Conclusion : It was demonstrated experimentally on pigs that the plurality of bellow actuators was a viable concept. Efforts are now being dedicated towards reducing the diametral space, improving the ability of the robot to negotiate bends, and improving the crawling speed of the robotic scope.
Construction of Dithiol‐Based Nanostructures by a Layer‐Exchange Process (2005)

One end or two? An α,ω-alkyldithiol can, in principle, bind to a gold substrate through either one or both of its terminal -SH groups. Here, a layer-exchange process is used to produce self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in which the dithiol groups are mainly attached through only one terminus. Thus, devices were prepared with the SAM residing between two gold electrodes, the top electrode formed of a gold nanoparticle cluster (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2421/2005/z500015_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Regulation of FGF-1 mitogenic activity by heparan sulfate oligosaccharides is dependent on specific structural features: differential requirements for the modulation of FGF-1 and FGF-2 (2000)

The interaction of heparan sulfate (HS) (and the closely related molecule heparin) with FGF-1 is a requirement for enabling the growth factor to activate its cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor. However, little is known about the regulatory role of naturally occurring cell surface HS in FGF-1 activation. We have addressed this issue by utilizing a library of HS oligosaccharides, which are defined in both length and sulfate content. Mitogenic activation assays using these oligosaccharides showed that HS contained both FGF-1 activatory and inhibitory sugar sequences. Further analysis of these oligosaccharides showed a clear correlation between FGF-1 promoting activity and their 6-O-sulfate content. The results, in particular with the dodecasaccharide sequences, suggested that specific positioning of 6-O-sulfate groups may be required for the promotion of FGF-1 mitogenic activity. This may also be true for 2-O-sulfate groups though the evidence was not as conclusive. Differential activation of FGF-1 and FGF-2 was also observed and found to be mediated by both oligosaccharide length and sulfation pattern, with different specific O-sulfate positioning being implicated for the promotion of different growth factors. These results suggest that variation and tight control of the fine structure of HS may allow cells to not only control their positive/negative responses to individual FGFs but also to change specificity towards promotion of different members of the FGF family.
The Control of Thermal Degradation Pathways in Poly(vinyl chloride) by Heat-Stabilizing Additives (1968)

Milled rigid sheets of poly(vinyl chloride) on heating at 185°C. lose weight at a rate which increases with time. By polymer fractionation procedures, it was shown the rate of hydrogen chloride loss increases as the content of tetrahydrofuran-insoluble resin increases. The insoluble resin content accumulates at a rate which depends, in part, on the additive present. This insolubilization reaction is catalyzed by cadmium compounds. The increased dehydrochlorination rate of the insoluble crosslinked resins may result from the susceptibility of the crosslinked structures to oxidation and from the subsequent thermal degradation of the oxidation products. The effects of various common additives on the rates of insolubilization and weight loss are described.
All-fiber multimode interference bandpass filter (2006)

A novel design for an all-fiber bandpass filter based on a multimode interference reimaging phenomenon is presented. The filter has achieved low insertion loss with adequate bandwidth and isolation for coarse wavelength-division multiplexing. The filter can easily be made with any central wavelength that is compatible with the single-mode fiber used for its construction. The measured filter performance matches the theoretical predictions well. The filter can have broad applications in fiber-optic telecommunications, spectroscopy, and sensing.
A lysosomal storage disorder in mice: A model of Niemann‐Pick disease (1982)

Abstract Recently a strain of C57 BL/KsJ mice showed a progressive degenerative neurologic manifestation with hepatosplenomegaly, similar to Niemann‐Pick disease in humans (Miyawaki et al. , 1982). Niemann‐Pick disease (McKusick 25720), a rare genetic disorder, is characterized by sphingomyelin accumulation, parti cularly in the reticuloendothelial system, due to a genetic defect of sphingomyelin catabolism. Animal models as an analogue of human Niemann‐Pick disease have been found in the Siamese cat (Chrisp et al. , 1970) and CBA mice (Lyon et al. , 1965), but no other reports on these strains have been available. The ethical and scientific limitations of human experimentation have made necessary investigations with appropriate animal sys tems. We report here a new murine model to study a lysosomal storage disorder.
Requirement for and polarized localization of integrin proteins duringDrosophilawound closure (2018)

Wound reepithelialization is an evolutionarily conserved process in which skin cells migrate as sheets to heal the breach and is critical to prevent infection but impaired in chronic wounds. Integrin heterodimers mediate attachment between epithelia and underlying extracellular matrix and also act in large signaling complexes. The complexity of the mammalian wound environment and evident redundancy among integrins has impeded determination of their specific contributions to reepithelialization. Taking advantage of the genetic tools and smaller number of integrins in Drosophila, we undertook a systematic in vivo analysis of integrin requirements in the reepithelialization of skin wounds in the larva. We identify αPS2-βPS and αPS3-βPS as the crucial integrin dimers and talin as the only integrin adhesion component required for reepithelialization. The integrins rapidly accumulate in a JNK-dependent manner in a few rows of cells surrounding a wound. Intriguingly, the integrins localize to the distal margin in these cells, instead of the frontal or lamellipodial distribution expected for proteins providing traction and recruit nonmuscle myosin II to the same location. These findings indicate that signaling roles of integrins may be important for epithelial polarization around wounds and lay the groundwork for using Drosophila to better understand integrin contributions to reepithelialization.
For Usability Quantification (2008)

The authors of this paper propose a method of quantitative evaluation of the ease of use (usability) of systems by using a checklist evaluation method that guides detailed procedures and thresholds and which is improving its accuracy by verification tests. In the tests, the authors conducted experimental evaluations with the participation of several persons and have confirmed that high reproducibility can be achieved by determining the results based on deliberations. This paper is intended to introduce the proposed checklist evaluation method, details of its tests and its future perspectives.
Modified CMOS Cherry-Hooper amplifiers with source follower feedback in 0.35μm technology (2004)

A CMOS Cherry-Hooper amplifier that is modified to include source follower feedback is described. A small signal model that uses only the most dominant capacitances is used to derive the transfer function of the circuit. The gain is significantly higher than that of the standard MOS Cherry-Hooper stage. Design techniques based on the analysis are suggested for broadband applications. A test circuit, fabricated in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, has 9.4dB gain and 880 MHz bandwidth while consuming 6.0 mA from a 3.3 V supply. Eye diagrams of the test chip at 630 MS/s show good eye opening, giving confidence to the new amplifier's large signal performance. In addition, a six stage main amplifier using the modified Cherry-Hooper stages was fabricated in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. It draws 44mA from a 1.8 V supply. It has 39 dB single-ended gain, 2.1 GHz bandwidth, and 14.2 dB noise figure.
Carrier dynamics in low-temperature grown GaAs studied by terahertz emission spectroscopy (2001)

Ultrafast dynamics of free carriers in low-temperature grown GaAs was studied using time-domain terahertz emission spectroscopy. The subpicosecond free-carrier lifetime was determined for a set of annealed samples with different growth temperatures (175–250 °C), the carrier mobility was also estimated. The influence of the growth temperature on the ultrafast carrier trapping is discussed.
The H-2Kk MHC Peptide-Binding Groove Anchors the Backbone of an Octameric Antigenic Peptide in an Unprecedented Mode (2005)

A wealth of data has accumulated on the structure of mouse MHC class I (MHCI) molecules encoded by the H-2(b) and H-2(d) haplotypes. In contrast, there is a dearth of structural data regarding H-2(k)-encoded molecules. Therefore, the structures of H-2K(k) complexed to an octameric peptide from influenza A virus (HA(259-266)) and to a nonameric peptide from SV40 (SV40(560-568)) have been determined by x-ray crystallography at 2.5 and 3.0 A resolutions, respectively. The structure of the H-2K(k)-HA(259-266) complex reveals that residues located on the floor of the peptide-binding groove contact directly the backbone of the octameric peptide and force it to lie deep within the H-2K(k) groove. This unprecedented mode of peptide binding occurs despite the presence of bulky residues in the middle of the floor of the H-2K(k) peptide-binding groove. As a result, the Calpha atoms of peptide residues P5 and P6 are more buried than the corresponding residues of H-2K(b)-bound octapeptides, making them even less accessible to TCR contact. When bound to H-2K(k), the backbone of the SV40(560-568) nonapeptide bulges out of the peptide-binding groove and adopts a conformation reminiscent of that observed for peptides bound to H-2L(d). This structural convergence occurs despite the totally different architectures of the H-2L(d) and H-2K(k) peptide-binding grooves. Therefore, these two H-2K(k)-peptide complexes provide insights into the mechanisms through which MHC polymorphism outside primary peptide pockets influences the conformation of the bound peptides and have implications for TCR recognition and vaccine design.