gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fitting Foam-Simulation-Model Parameters to Data: I. Coinjection of Gas and Liquid (2015)

Summary Cheng et al. (2000) present a simple method to fit foam-simulation parameters without oil to data for pressure gradient as a function of superficial velocities of gas and liquid. The key in this process is the identification of “high-quality” (high gas fraction) and “low-quality” foam regimes. The method is essentially the same for the foam-model parameters in foam models in STARS (Cheng et al. 2000), UTCHEM (Cheng et al. 2000), or ECLIPSE (Schlumberger 2010). Often, however, available data are more limited: pressure gradient for one scan of foam quality at fixed total superficial velocity. We show how to extend this method to the more-limited data set. The transition in regimes occurs at the foam quality with the maximum-pressure gradient. We illustrate the method by fitting parameters to several published data sets. Our approach is simple and direct. The model fit would be appropriate for an enhanced-oil-recovery process involving foam injection at finite water fraction, but not a surface-alternating-gas foam process involving large slugs of gas and liquid. For the latter process, the model fit should focus on data relevant to that process (i.e., at extremely high foam quality). The approach assumes an abrupt transition between high- and low-quality-foam regimes (e.g., a large value of epdry in the STARS foam model). If the transition is less abrupt, the parameter values quickly obtained by this method could provide the initial guess for a computer-based least-squares fit of all parameters, including a smaller value of epdry, and a check on the parameters so obtained.
Radio-over-Radio: I/Q-stream backhauling for cloud-based networks via millimeter wave links (2013)

Cloud-based centralized processing is one approach to improve mobile networks in terms of capacity, energy consumption, utilization, and cost. However, some joint processing techniques envisioned for such cloud-based networks require the backhauling of received symbols, usually in the form of an I/Q-stream, which requires a drastically higher data rate on the backhaul link than the backhauling of decoded user data. Until recently, the required data rate could only be provided by fiber and not by wireless links, which could be deployed easier and at lower cost. In this paper, we propose the concept of Radio-over-Radio by extending the popular Radio-over-Fiber approach to wireless millimeter wave links. We analyze the characteristics of the new concept and give first results on a joint optimization of the wireless access and backhaul links by means of joint coding under a data rate constraint on the backhaul.
Determination of Asphaltenes in Crude Oil and Petroleum Products by the on Column Precipitation Method (2009)

An improved analytical method for the determination of asphaltene content in crude oils and petroleum products was developed. This method uses an on-column precipitation and redissolution technique coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). Among the improvements is a quantification of the asphaltene content using a calibration procedure, and the redissolution agent is replaced with a blend with a better solvent power. The method requires a small amount of sample, it takes only 20 min to perform and can quantify asphaltene contents as low as 120 ppm with a relatively low error. It can be automated, and it also has the potential to be used on line. It has better repeatability and reproducibility than the traditional gravimetric methods, which are the actual standards. This work also includes results from preparative experiments that support the reliability of the described methodology. All of these characteristics make this on-column method a good candidate for the monitoring of processes in the oil industry.
Atomic force microscopy and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy study of the banded surface morphology of hydroxypropyl cellulose thin films (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAtomic force microscopy and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy study of the banded surface morphology of hydroxypropyl cellulose thin filmsSoumya S. Patnaik, Timothy J. Bunning, W. Wade Adams, J. Wang, and M. M. LabesCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 1, 393–395Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00105a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00105a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photoelectrochemical undercut etching for fabrication of GaN microelectromechanical systems (2001)

The authors have developed a wet, band-gap-selective, photoelectrochemical etching process capable of producing cantilever microelectromechanical systems from InGaN/GaN heterostructures. Fabricated cantilevers were successfully actuated, and resonance spectra were measured. The as-grown strain gradient in the GaN film was found to relax upon removal, resulting in upward curvature of the cantilevers. This curvature was shown to be reversible with the integration of strained InGaN layers on the top surface of the cantilever. All photoelectrochemical wet etching was conducted using a benchtop lamp-and-filter arrangement, employing GaN and InGaN films as filters.
An Evaluation of Repeat Stool Testing for Clostridium difficile Infection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (2012)

Repeat testing for C. difficile has a low yield, and patients with an initial negative test should not routinely be retested.
AI Trust in Business Processes: The Need for Process-Aware Explanations (2020)

Business processes underpin a large number of enterprise operations including processing loan applications, managing invoices, and insurance claims. The business process management (BPM) industry is expected to grow at approximately 16 Billion dollar by 2023. There is a large opportunity for infusing AI to reduce cost or provide better customer experience with a $15.7 trillion “potential contribution to the global economy by 2030”. To this end, the BPM literature is rich in machine learning solutions including unsupervised learning to gain insights on clusters of process traces, classification models to predict the outcomes, duration, or paths of partial process traces, extracting business process from documents, and models to recommend how to optimize a business process or navigate decision points. More recently, deep learning models including those from the NLP domain have been applied to process predictions.Unfortunately, very little of these innovations have been applied and adopted by enterprise companies. We assert that a large reason for the lack of adoption of AI models in BPM is that business users are risk-averse and do not implicitly trust AI models. There has, unfortunately, been little attention paid to explaining model predictions to business users with process context. We challenge the BPM community to build on the AI interpretability literature, and the AI Trust community to understand what it means to take advantage of business process artifacts in order to provide business level explanations.
Ghost Loss to Question the Reliability of Training Data (2020)

Supervised image classification problems rely on training data assumed to have been correctly annotated; this assumption underpins most works in the field of deep learning. In consequence, during its training, a network is forced to match the label provided by the annotator and is not given the flexibility to choose an alternative to inconsistencies that it might be able to detect. Therefore, erroneously labeled training images may end up ''correctly'' classified in classes which they do not actually belong to. This may reduce the performances of the network and thus incite to build more complex networks without even checking the quality of the training data. In this work, we question the reliability of the annotated datasets. For that purpose, we introduce the notion of ghost loss, which can be seen as a regular loss that is zeroed out for some predicted values in a deterministic way and that allows the network to choose an alternative to the given label without being penalized. After a proof of concept experiment, we use the ghost loss principle to detect confusing images and erroneously labeled images in well-known training datasets (MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, SVHN, CIFAR10) and we provide a new tool, called sanity matrix, for summarizing these confusions.
Experimental Assessment of a Novel Dual Opening Dewar for Use on a Liquid Air Energy Storage System Installed on Remote, Islanded, Renewable Microgrids (2022)

Islanded, renewable energy microgrids for use at remote operating facilities reduce logistical burdens associated with fossil fuel based electrical power sources and provide greater operational flexibility; however, energy generation can be intrinsically intermittent on renewable microgrids. This intermittent electrical generation can be mitigated with electrical energy storage. Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is one promising technology proposed to meet this energy storage issue due to its high energy density and lack of geographical constraints. Small-scale microgrids may not have enough excess capacity to store pressurized liquid air (LA), and instead may rely on unpressurized LA storage and their associated unpressurized power recovery systems. Using commercial off-the-shelf components, this article conducts a performance-based tradespace study for several dual opening, unpressurized Dewar designs for use with Stirling- or Peltier-based power recovery cycles. The dual opening Dewar design is found to be ineffective for the short-term LA storage times necessary for small-scale microgrid use, primarily due to excessive conductive thermal losses; however, the design may be useful as a LA receiver and immediate use energy storage medium for a connected Stirling generator. A proposed alternative solution using a self-pressurized Dewar for LA storage and transport for microgrid applications is presented for future work.
Construction of a hybrid plasmid capable of replication in Amycolatopsis mediterranei (1991)

A new plasmid, pA387, has been isolated from "Amycolatopsis sp." (DSM 43387). This plasmid could be isolated from liquid culture as well as mycelium from agar plates by a modified procedure. Plasmid pA387 is about 29.6 kb and can be cured at low frequency by protoplasting and ethidium bromide and heat treatment. Hybridization experiments showed that this plasmid is present in free form and does not integrate into the chromosome. A hybrid plasmid was constructed by cloning a 5.1-kb fragment of pA387 into the Escherichia coli vector pDM10. This hybrid plasmid, termed pRL1, could be transformed into Amycolatopsis mediterranei and A. orientalis by electroporation. A transformation frequency of 2.2 x 10(3) transformants per micrograms of DNA at 12.5 kV/cm and a pulse duration of 10.8 ms was obtained in A. mediterranei, whereas 1.1 x 10(5) transformants per microgram of DNA were obtained at a field strength of 7.5 kV/cm and a pulse duration of 7.6 ms in A. orientalis. Plasmid pRL1 is the first hybrid plasmid which could be used successfully for the transformation of A. mediterranei. The plasmid has a rather high copy number, is genetically stable, and can be easily reisolated from A. mediterranei. Plasmid pRL1 will be useful for further construction of a shuttle vector for E. coli and A. mediterranei and becomes the basis for the development of gene cloning techniques in Amycolatopsis spp.
Novel Features in the Magneto-Capacitance of Two-Dimensional Electron systems (1998)

The impact of parental death on children must be considered in the context of pre-existing risk factors. Even after controlling for antecedent risk factors, both parent-bereaved children as well as those who lost other relatives were at increased risk for psychological and behavioral health problems.
<title>Effects of data representation and network architecture variation on multiaperture vision system performance</title> (1995)

This research focuses on the effects of data representation and variations in neural network architecture on the tracking accuracy of a multi-aperture vision system (MAVS). A back- propagation neural network (BPNN) is used as a target location processor. Six different MAVS optical configurations are simulated in software. The system's responses to a point source target, in the form of detector voltages, and the known target location form a training record for the BPNN. Neural networks were trained for each of the optical configurations using different coordinate systems to represent the location of the point source target relative to the optical axis of the central eyelet. The number of processing elements in the network's hidden layer was also varied to determine the impact of these variations on the task of target location determination. A figure-of-merit (FOM) for the target location systems is developed to facilitate a direct comparison between the different optical and BPNN models. The results are useful in designing a MAVS tracker.
Modelling the Gravitational Effects of Random Underground Density Variations (2019)

Abstract A mathematical model for small-scale spatial variations in gravity above the Earth’s surface is presented. Gravity variations are treated as a Gaussian random process arising from underground density variations which are assumed to be a Gaussian random process. Expressions for two-point spatial statistics are calculated for both the vertical component of gravity and the vertical gradient of the vertical component. Results are given for two models of density variations: a delta-correlated model and a fractal model. The effect of an outer scale in the fractal model is investigated. It is shown how the results can be used to numerically generate realisations of gravity variations with fractal properties. Such numerical modelling could be useful for investigating the feasibility of using gravity surveys to locate and characterise underground structures; this is explored through the simple example of a tunnel detection scenario.
Large Single Crystals of Two-Dimensional π-Conjugated Metal–Organic Frameworks via Biphasic Solution-Solid Growth (2020)

Two-dimensional (2D) π-conjugated metal-organic frameworks (πMOFs) are a new class of designer electronic materials that are porous and tunable through the constituent organic molecules and choice of metal ions. Unlike typical MOFs, 2D πMOFs exhibit high conductivity mediated by delocalized π-electrons and have promising applications in a range of electrical devices as well as exotic physical properties. Here, we develop a growth method that generates single-crystal plates with lateral dimensions exceeding 10 μm, orders of magnitude bigger than previous methods. Synthesis of large single crystals eliminates a significant impediment to the fundamental characterization of the materials, allowing determination of the intrinsic conductivity and mobility along the 2D plane of πMOFs. A representative 2D πMOF, Ni-CAT-1, exhibits a conductivity of up to 2 S/cm, and Hall measurement reveals the origin of the high conductivity. Characterization of crystalline 2D πMOFs creates the foundation for developing electronic applications of this promising and highly diverse class of materials.
Cross‐Cultural Research on Parents: Applications to the Care and Education of Children Introduction to the Issue (2020)

The seven papers in this issue address a variety of challenges that parents in several different cultural places encounter as they do their best to ensure their children's safe, happy, and successful development from infancy through middle childhood: infant sleep, developmental agendas, temperament, preschools, academic success, and learning to be a parent in a new cultural environment. The authors use a varied of methods - qualitative and quantitative - to understand how parental figures in Botswana, China, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden and the United States think about the needs of their children, their own role as parents, and the caretaking practices that follow. A final Commentary focuses on the power of parental ethnotheories in changing societies, and on the complexities and importance of cross-cultural research.
Building on Word Animacy to Determine Coreference Chain Animacy in Cultural Narratives (2017)

Animacy is the characteristic of being able to independently carry out actions in a story world (e.g., movement, communication). It is a necessary property of characters in stories, and so detecting animacy is an important step in automatic story understanding. Prior approaches to animacy detection have conceived of animacy as a word- or phrase-level property, without explicitly connecting it to characters. In this work we compute the animacy of referring expressions using a statistical approach incorporating features such as word embeddings on referring expression, noun, grammatical subject and semantic roles. We then compute the animacy of coreference chains via a majority vote of the animacy of the chain's constituent referring expressions. We also reimplement prior approaches to word-level animacy to compare performance. We demonstrate these results on a small set of folktales with gold-standard annotations for coreference structure and animacy (15 Russian folktales translated into English). Folktales present an interesting challenge because they often involve characters who are members of traditionally inanimate classes (e.g., stoves that walk, tree that talk). We achieve an F1 measure 0.90 for the referring expression animacy model, and 0.86 for the coreference chain model. We discuss several ways in which we anticipate these results may be improved in future work.
Ferroelectric and electrical characterization of multiferroic BiFeO3 at the single nanoparticle level (2011)

Ferroelectric BiFeO3 (BFO) nanoparticles deposited on epitaxial substrates of SrRuO3 (SRO) and La1−xSrxMnO3 (LSMO) were studied using band excitation piezoresponse spectroscopy (BEPS), piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). BEPS confirms that the nanoparticles are ferroelectric in nature. Switching behavior of nanoparticle clusters were studied and showed evidence for inhomogeneous switching. The dimensionality of domains within nanoparticles was found to be fractal in nature, with a dimensionality constant of ∼1.4, on par with ferroelectric BFO thin-films under 100 nm in thickness. Ferromagnetic resonance studies indicate BFO nanoparticles only weakly affect the magnetic response of LSMO.
Neurotrophic Factor-α1: A Key Wnt-β-Catenin Dependent Anti-Proliferation Factor and ERK-Sox9 Activated Inducer of Embryonic Neural Stem Cell Differentiation to Astrocytes in Neurodevelopment (2016)

Embryonic neurodevelopment involves inhibition of proliferation of multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) followed by differentiation into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes to form the brain. We have identified a new neurotrophic factor, NF-α1, which inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation of NSC/progenitors derived from E13.5 mouse cortex. Inhibition of proliferation of these cells was mediated through negatively regulating the Wnt pathway and decreasing β-catenin. NF-α1 induced differentiation of NSCs to astrocytes by enhancing Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) expression through activating the ERK1/2-Sox9 signaling pathway. Cultured E13.5 cortical stem cells from NF-α1-knockout mice showed decreased astrocyte numbers compared to wild-type mice, which was rescued by treatment with NF-α1. In vivo, immunocytochemistry of brain sections and Western blot analysis of neocortex of mice showed a gradual increase of NF-α1 expression from E14.5 to P1 and a surge of GFAP expression at P1, the time of increase in astrogenesis. Importantly, NF-α1-Knockout mice showed ∼49% fewer GFAP positive astrocytes in the neocortex compared to WT mice at P1. Thus, NF-α1 is critical for regulating antiproliferation and cell fate determination, through differentiating embryonic stem cells to GFAP-positive astrocytes for normal neurodevelopment. Stem Cells 2017;35:557-571.
Bilevel high resolution photolithographic technique for use with wafers with stepped and/or reflecting surfaces (1979)

We have investigated the feasibility of a two-level scheme to obtain steep profile, thick resist, and high resolution patterns over stepped and/or reflecting surfaces. The two-level scheme provides an alternative to a recently developed three-level approach. The negative photosensitive inorganic resist Ag2Se/GeSe is formed on top of a thick polymer layer, which is not photo-sensitive. High resolution patterns are produced in a 0.3 μm thick, pinhole-free, inorganic resist layer using a commercial projection printer. The pattern is transferred to the polymer layer by oxygen reactive ion etching using the inorganic resist pattern as the mask against etching. Vertical-walled 0.8 μm lines and spaces are obtained in a 2.5-μm-thick polymer. The high absorbance of light by the Se–Ge layer (2.5×105cm−1 at 400 nm) eliminates standing wave effects associated with reflection from the surface.
Tetrapeptide derivatives of [D-Pen(2),D-Pen(5)]-enkephalin (DPDPE) lacking an N-terminal tyrosine residue are agonists at the mu-opioid receptor. (2000)

The Phe(1) cyclic tetrapeptide Phe-c[D-Cys-Phe-D-Pen]NH(2) (Et) (JH-54) has been shown previously to exhibit high affinity and selectivity for the mu-opioid receptor. To examine the role of the Phe(1) residue in the unexpected high affinity of this peptide, 11 analogs of JH-54 have been synthesized and evaluated for opioid ligand binding and for efficacy using the [(35)S]GTPgammaS assay. Alteration of the bridging groups between the D-Cys(2) and D-Pen(4) residues of JH-54 from dithioether to disulfide revealed the importance of the relative position of the aromatic rings of the first and third residues in determining mu- and delta-affinities. The one carbon distance between the alpha carbon and phenyl ring in the N-terminal residue was critical. Additional steric bulk in the N-terminal Phe(1) residue was accommodated without large reductions in affinity in two naphthyl analogs, but not with 3, 3-(diphenyl)alanine. Conformational restriction of the Calpha-Cbeta and/or Cbeta-Cgamma bonds had little effect on affinities in two peptides with 2-amino-2-carboxytetralin in position 1, but it abolished activity in an isoquinoline analog and differentially altered activity in four phenylproline(1)-containing peptides. Most surprisingly, replacement of the Phe(1) aromatic ring with cyclohexyl resulted in a peptide of moderate affinity (K(i) = 32.5 nM) and potency (EC(50) = 58.8 nM). Thus, the tyrosyl para-hydroxyl substituent and even aromaticity in the N-terminal amino acid of these tetrapeptides are shown to be important, but not critical, features for mu-opioid receptor affinity, agonist potency, and efficacy.