gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Mycobacterium africanum Isolates from West Africa (1999)

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex includes M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, and M. microti. Most clinical isolates are M. tuberculosis or M. bovis. These species can be distinguished by phenotypes and genotypes. However, there is no simple definition of M. africanum, and some authors question the validity of this species. We analyzed 17 human isolates from Sierra Leone, identified as M. africanum by biochemical and growth characteristics. We sequenced polymorphic genes and intergenic regions. We amplified DNA from six loci with variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs) and determined the exact number of repeats at each locus in each strain. All M. africanum isolates had the ancestral CTG Leu at katG codon 463. Drug-resistant M. africanum isolates had katG and rpoB mutations similar to those found in drug-resistant M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. Fourteen Sierra Leone M. africanum isolates (designated group A) had katG codon 203 ACC Thr, also found in M. africanumT (the T indicates type strain) from Senegal. Group A isolates clustered with M. africanumT by VNTR analysis. Three M. africanum isolates (group B) had katG codon 203 ACT Thr, found in M. tuberculosisT, and clustered with M. tuberculosisT by VNTR analysis. Phenotypic identification of M. africanum yielded a heterogeneous collection of strains. Genotypic analyses identified a cluster (M. africanum group A) which included M. africanumT and was distinct from the rest of the M. tuberculosis complex. Future studies of M. africanum should include both phenotypic and genotypic analyses.
Techniques of Celloidin Removal from Temporal Bone Sections (2009)

Freshly prepared methanol saturated with sodium hydroxide and diluted 1:2 with methanol was the best solvent for removing celloidin from mouse temporal bone sections, resulting in consistent and reproducible immunostaining with the six antibodies tested.
From Almshouses to Nursing Homes and Community Care: Lessons from Medicaid's History (2012)

Home and community-based services are support and long-term care services that offer an alternative to institutional care for those who need assistance with life's daily activities. For Lois Curtis of Atlanta, one of the plaintiffs in the Olmstead v. L.C.1 who spent most of her life in mental institutions, it means a live-in companion who helps her with the day-to-day activities of living in her own home, like managing finances, cooking meals, and keeping track of medications.2 For Larry McAfee, another Georgian who was quadriplegic, community-based services involved round-the-clock personal care, wheelchair accessible bathrooms and kitchens, a specialized computer, and a specially adapted van.3
A novel envelope edge detector for ultra-low power sensor wake-up circuit (2013)

Voltage comparators have been widely used in low-power sensor wake-up circuits for extracting digital bits from the envelope of received RF signals. This paper presents an alternative circuit to such comparators. The proposed circuit extracts digital bits by detecting the falling edge of the envelope signal. Since it essentially compares the values of the same signal at different times, it is potentially more robust than the comparator based approach, which compares the peak voltage of the envelope signal with another reference voltage. The design issues for using the proposed edge detection circuit into different wake-up receiver architectures are discussed and simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed circuit.
2-Alkyl(aryl)- and 2,7-Dimethyl-4-substituted Aminopyrrolo [2,3-d] pyrimidines (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Alkyl(aryl)- and 2,7-Dimethyl-4-substituted Aminopyrrolo [2,3-d] pyrimidinesR. A. WEST and L. BEAUCHAMPCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 10, 3809–3812Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01068a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01068a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views305Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrical Chip-Board Interaction (e-CBI) of Wafer Level Packaging Technology (2017)

Abstract Electrical Chip Board Interaction (e-CBI) has emerged as a new risk in chip design as silicon die can directly interact with printed circuit board (PCB) in substrate-less wafer level packaging technology. To assess this risk Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. has converted an existing test chip to wafer level packaging technology. Both the measured data and simulation results show that e-CBI risk is significant and must be carefully managed.
Supplementary File 1. Patients and treatment details from Liquid Biopsies Using Plasma Exosomal Nucleic Acids and Plasma Cell-Free DNA Compared with Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Advanced Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary File 1. Patients and treatment details&lt;/p&gt;
Dynamic Element Matching Techniques for Static and Dynamic Errors in Continuous-Time Multi-Bit <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta\Sigma$</tex></formula> Modulators (2015)

This paper presents techniques to address static and dynamic errors in high performance continuous-time (CT), <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta\Sigma$</tex></formula> modulators. The inter-symbol interference (ISI) model is presented and existing ISI reduction techniques are reviewed. A novel technique has been presented which can high-pass shape both static mismatch and ISI error of each element of a multi-bit DAC while decorrelating the instantaneous number of transitions from the input signal. The proposed technique can easily be extended to higher order shaping for both static mismatch and ISI errors. Simulation results show that the proposed technique can improve DAC linearity significantly in presence of both static mismatch and ISI error.
Prevalence of chronic endometritis in repeated unexplained implantation failure and the IVF success rate after antibiotic therapy (2014)

A prospective randomized clinical trial is needed to confirm our findings but in women with RIF a hysteroscopic evaluation of the uterine cavity to exclude CE should be considered and appropriate antibiotic treatment should be given before submitting the patient to a further IVF attempt.
Lost in Transition: HIV Prevalence and Correlates of Infection among Young People Living in Post-Emergency Phase Transit Camps in Gulu District, Northern Uganda (2014)

Study findings contribute to filling an important gap in epidemiological evidence and are useful for planning public health interventions in northern Uganda that effectively target young people in post-conflict transition and support them in the resettlement process. Findings serve to recommend reaching beyond traditional prevention programming in a way more effectively beneficial to young people in post-conflict settings by developing population-specific responses sensitive to local contexts and sufficient to address the underlying causes of the complex risk factors influencing the spread of HIV.
A novel hollow-fibre membrane biofilm reactor for autohydrogenotrophic denitrification of drinking water (2000)

A novel hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor (HFMBR) was developed to remove nitrate from contaminated drinking water using molecular hydrogen as a clean electron-donor substrate. The hollow fibers were sealed on one end and were pressurized with hydrogen on the other end. The counter-diffusion transfer of nitrate and hydrogen allowed 100% hydrogen transfer efficiency into the biofilm and achieved up to 99.9% hydrogen-utilization efficiency for denitrification. Partial denitrification met regulatory standards for nitrate and nitrite at the same time that relatively high steady-state nitrate fluxes (0.08 and 0.1 mg N/cm2−d) were achieved with liquid-phase hydrogen concentrations (0.009 and 0.07 mg H2/l) magnitudes lower than in previous studies. The low frequency of fiber-to-fiber contact in the upflowing liquid established good biofilm accumulation. The specific biofilm detachment rates were between 0.015 and 0.017 day−1, which attained biofilm thickness up to 179 μm. Finally, DOC and BDOC analyses showed that the DOC was increased, while the effluent BDOC was 0.5 mg/l.
Mutation-based treatment recommendations from next generation sequencing data: A comparison of web tools. (2015)

e12564 Background: The purpose of this study was to examine if different websites identify similar or different therapeutic options for a given set of genomic anomalies detected during tumor profiling. Methods: Targeted sequencing of 315 genes from 47 metastatic breast cancer biopsies was performed using the FoundationOne assay (Foundation Medicine). All reported genomic anomalies from each case were used to query the Drug Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb), My Cancer Genome, Personalized Cancer Therapy (PCT), and cBioPortal, for drug and clinical trial recommendations. These recommendations along with those provided by FoundationOne were then evaluated for concordance. Results: Eighty four distinct genes had either a mutation or a copy number change in at least one of the 47 cases. The median number of alterations per case was 5 (range 2-18). For 37 genes (44%), there was at least one FDA approved drug recommendation. The recommendation source that identified the most FDA approved drugs was DGIdb (for 32 genes) followed by FoundationOne (for 25 genes), cBioPortal (for 23 genes) and PCT (for 8 genes). The most commonly recommended drugs were everolimus and temsirolimus for 11 genes (PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PTEN, STK11, AKT-1,-2-,3, TSC2, KIT, PDGFRB, KRAS). Overall, 6 cases (13%) had at least 1 gene with the same FDA approved drug recommendation from 4 sources, 30 cases (64%) had an overlapping recommendation from 3 sources, 7 cases (15%) from 2 sources and 4 cases (9%) with no overlapping recommendations at all. Clinical trial recommendations were reported for 44 genes. The source with the most complete clinical trial recommendation was the FoundationOne report (44 genes) followed by the PCT website (8 genes). Overall, 77% of the cases had an FDA approved drug recommendation for at least one mutated gene concordant across > 3 sources, and 74% had a clinical trial recommendation concordant across > 2 sources. Conclusions: We observed substantial but only partial overlap in potential treatment options from different web tools based on the same input data.
Inversion and computational maturation of drug response using human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes in microphysiological systems (2018)

Abstract While cardiomyocytes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stems cells (hiPSCs) hold great promise for drug screening, the electrophys-iological properties of these cells can be variable and immature, producing results that are significantly different from their human adult counterparts. Here, we describe a computational framework to address this limitation, and show how in silico methods, applied to measurements on immature cardiomyocytes, can be used to both identify drug action and to predict its effect in mature cells. Our synthetic and experimental results indicate that optically obtained waveforms of voltage and calcium from microphysiological systems can be inverted into information on drug ion channel blockage, and then, through assuming functional invariance of proteins during maturation, this data can be used to predict drug induced changes in mature ventricular cells. Together, this pipeline of measurements and computational analysis could significantly improve the ability of hiPSC derived cardiomycocytes to predict dangerous drug side effects.
Combined Vitamins B12b and C Induce the Glutathione Depletion and the Death of Epidermoid Human Larynx Carcinoma Cells HEp-2 (2000)

The combination of hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12b) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) can cause the death of tumor cells at the concentrations of the components at which they are nontoxic when administered separately. This cytotoxic action on epidermoid human larynx carcinoma cells HEp-2 in vitro is shown to be due to the hydrogen peroxide generated by the combination of vitamins B12b and C. The drop in the glutathione level preceding cell death was found to be the result of combined action of the vitamins. It is supposed that the induction of cell death by combined action of vitamins B12b and C is connected to the damage of the cell redox system.
QUESTIONNAIRE BASED RESULTS OF THE BULBOURETHRAL SLING PROCEDURE (1999)

The short-term success rate following the bulbourethral sling procedure is high but persistent perineal discomfort is common. Adjuvant radiation predisposes to treatment failure.
Self-actuated shutdown system for a commercial size LMFBR. Final report (1978)

A Self-Actuated Shutdown System (SASS) is defined as a reactor shutdown system in which sensors, release mechanisms and neutron absorbers are contained entirely within the reactor core structure, where they respond inherently to abnormal local process conditions, by shutting down the reactor, independently of the plant protection system (PPS). It is argued that a SASS, having a response time similar to that of the PPS, would so reduce the already very low probability of a failure-to-scram event that costly design features, derived from core disruptive accident analysis, could be eliminated. However, the thrust of the report is the feasibility and reliability of the in-core SASS hardware to achieve sufficiently rapid shutdown. A number of transient overpower and transient undercooling-responsive systems were investigated leading to the selection of a primary candidate and a backup concept. During a transient undercooling event, the recommended device is triggered by the associated rate of change of pressure, whereas the alternate concept responds to the reduction in core pressure drop and requires calibration and adjustment by the operators to accommodate changes in reactor power.
Tenofovir Alafenamide as Part of a Salvage Regimen in a Patient with Multi-Drug Resistant HIV and Tenofovir-DF-Associated Renal Tubulopathy (2015)

We describe a patient with two recent episodes of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-associated acute kidney injury and six-class drug-resistant HIV infection who achieved and maintained viral suppression without worsening kidney function on a regimen including tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) through 48 weeks of therapy. The safety and efficacy of TAF in patients with TDF-associated renal tubulopathy and multiple drug resistant HIV has not yet been described. TAF may represent a useful option to maximally suppress HIV in patients with these complications.
Toward a Real-World Technical Test Battery for Remote Microphone Systems Used with Hearing Prostheses (2023)

Remote microphones (RMs) enable clearer reception of speech than would be normally achievable when relying on the acoustic sound field at the listener's ear (Hawkins, J Sp Hear Disord 49, 409-418, 1984). They are used in a wide range of environments, with one example being for children in educational settings. The international standards defining the assessment methods of the technical performance of RMs rely on free-field (anechoic) delivery, a rarely met acoustic scenario. Although some work has been offered on more real-world testing (Husstedt et al., Int J Audiol 61, 34-45. 2022), the area remains under-investigated. The electroacoustic performance of five RMs in a low-reverberation room was compared in order to assess just the RM link, rather than measurements at the end of the signal chain, for example, speech intelligibility in human observers. It pilots physical- and electro-acoustic measures to characterize the performance of RMs. The measures are based on those found in the IEC 60118 standards relating to hearing aids, but modified for diffuse-field delivery, as well as adaptive signal processing. Speech intelligibility and quality are assessed by computer models. Noise bands were often processed into irrelevance by adaptive systems that could not be deactivated. Speech-related signals were more successful. The five RMs achieved similar levels of good predicted intelligibility, for each of two background noise levels. The main difference observed was in the transmission delay between microphone and ear. This ranged between 40 and 50 ms in two of the systems, on the upper edge of acceptability necessary for audio-visual synchrony.
Biomimetically Engineered Demi‐Bacteria Potentiate Vaccination against Cancer (2017)

Failure in enhancing antigen immunogenicity has limited the development of cancer vaccine. Inspired by effective immune responses toward microorganisms, demi-bacteria (DB) from <i>Bacillus</i> are engineered as carriers for cancer vaccines. The explored hydrothermal treatment enables the <i>Bacillus</i> to preserve optimal pathogen morphology with intrinsic mannose receptor agonist. Meanwhile, the treated <i>Bacillus</i> can be further endowed with ideal hollow/porous structure for efficient accommodation of antigen and adjuvant, such as CpG. Therefore, this optimal engineered nanoarchitecture allows multiple immunostimulatory elements integrate in a pattern closely resembling that of bacterial pathogens. Such pathogen mimicry greatly enhances antigen uptake and cross-presentation, resulting in stronger immune activation suitable for cancer vaccines. Indeed, DB-based biomimetic vaccination in mice induces synergistic cellular and humoral immune responses, achieving potent therapeutic and preventive effects against cancer. Application of microorganism-sourced materials thus presents new opportunities for potent cancer therapy.
Selective Targeting of Proliferating Hyperplastic Mucous Cells in Airway Epithelial (2021)

Rationale: Targeted reduction of hyperplastic airway epithelial cells (AECs), which can be the source for chronic mucous secretions in asthmatic or chronic bronchitis, helps to alleviate airway obstruction. We have shown that Bik, a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, reduces hyperplastic epithelial and mucous cells. Because Bik expression in airway epithelia does not cause complete sloughing of epithelia, we investigated whether proliferating and quiescent AECs and mucous cells differ in their responses to Bik-induced cell death. Methods: Transgenic CCSP-rtTA/TetoBIK mice were used to express Bik in airway epithelia in a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible manner, and CCSP-rtTA mice served as controls. Mice were sensitized to house dust mites (HDM) on days 1 and 8 and challenged for three, 14, or 30 days and placed on Dox diet during the challenge period. Proliferating AECs were quantified by immunostaining lung tissues for Ki-67. Fluorescent cell cycle indicators (FUCCI) were introduced in cultured AECs using lentiviral vectors encoding G 1 -Fucci (mKO2-Cdt1 30-120 ) and S/G 2 /M-Fucci (mAG-Geminin 1-110 ), and cells showed red and green fluorescence as they progressed through the G 1 and S/G 2 cell cycle phases, respectively. In these cultures, Bik was expressed using HA-Ad-Bik or MemEBFP2-2A-hBIK plasmid or plasmids with and without Thr33 and Ser35 mutations. Aphidicolin was used to synchronize cells at the G1/S cell cycle phase. Results: Transgenic expression of Bik in airways reduced HDM-induced airway epithelial and mucous cell hyperplasia when mice were challenged for 3 or 14 days but not in those challenged for 30 days. Hyperplasia in CCSP-rtTA controls mice remained unaffected. Mice exposed for 14 days had 3-fold more Ki-67-positive cells in the airways compared with mice exposed for 4 weeks. Although Bik was equally induced by IFN- or Ad-Bik in both proliferating and quiescent cultured cells, proliferating cells were sensitive to Bik-induced cell death, while quiescent cells were resistant. FUCCI labeling of S/G2/M with green or G 1 /G 0 with red fluorescence and release from aphidicolin-induced synchronization showed that Bik induced cell death only in the S/G2/M phase. Thr33/Ser35 phosphorylation of Bik in the S/G2/M cell cycle stage was required to cause death of proliferating cells. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that Bik selectively kills proliferating AECs and that cell cycle-specific factors expressed during the S/G2/M phase are required to activate Bik. Because of this elective removal of hyperplastic mucous cells, Bik as a therapeutic approach for reducing mucous hypersecretions may be associated with minimal side-effects in patients who suffer from chronic mucous hypersecretion.
Ultrasensitive Mechano-Stimuli Luminescence Enhancement in ZnO Nanoparticles (2019)

Ultrasensitive mechano-stimuli photoluminescence enhancement was observed in pyramid-like zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), which are fabricated by a facile hydrothermal route. The response of the ZnO NPs to mechanical stimuli is so sensitive that even an ant walking and acoustic vibration can trigger the luminescence enhancement. The mechanism for this unusual behavior was attributed to the electron injection process between crystal boundaries. Thus, this work opens up the possibility of detecting slight mechanical stimuli wirelessly, rapidly, and sensitively. Importantly, the sensitive response of the NPs to sound waves can find potential application in devices for hearing-impaired people.
Trading off stability against activity in extremophilic aldolases (2016)

Understanding enzyme stability and activity in extremophilic organisms is of great biotechnological interest, but many questions are still unsolved. Using 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA) as model enzyme, we have evaluated structural and functional characteristics of different orthologs from psychrophilic, mesophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms. We present the first crystal structures of psychrophilic DERAs, revealing a dimeric organization resembling their mesophilic but not their thermophilic counterparts. Conversion into monomeric proteins showed that the native dimer interface contributes to stability only in the hyperthermophilic enzymes. Nevertheless, introduction of a disulfide bridge in the interface of a psychrophilic DERA did confer increased thermostability, suggesting a strategy for rational design of more durable enzyme variants. Constraint network analysis revealed particularly sparse interactions between the substrate pocket and its surrounding α-helices in psychrophilic DERAs, which indicates that a more flexible active center underlies their high turnover numbers.