gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Saturation of the ion-hammering effect for large non-hydrostatic capillarity stresses in colloidal silica nanoparticles (2011)

We investigate the role of capillarity stresses on the ion-hammering phenomenon when sub-micrometer colloidal particles are considered. To this end, nearly monodisperse, chemically synthesized silica (SiO₂) colloids (100, 300 and 600 nm) were irradiated at room temperature (300 K) with 4 MeV Au ions for fluences up to Φ = 1.8 × 10¹⁶ cm⁻². It has been taken for granted that the transverse dimension of an ion-deformable amorphous material grows exponentially with the irradiation fluence, L(φ) = L₀exp[A₀Φ]. Here, we show that for sub-micrometer particles the irradiation-induced deformation saturates for larger fluences, L(φ)→const. The saturation fluence depends on the initial dimension of the colloidal nanoparticles: the smaller the dimension of the colloids, the lower the saturation fluence. Experimental data are successfully accounted for by having recourse to a phenomenological model first developed by Klaumünzer and further elaborated by van Dillen. We also estimate the evolution with fluence of the principal stresses inside the particles, σ₁₁(φ) = σ₂₂(φ) and σ₃₃(φ), and we show that they evolve toward a steady-state value following a sigmoidal-like behavior. Furthermore, when stresses induced by the surface curvature become non-negligible the approximation often made that the deformation strain rate, A₀ = dL/L dΦ, remains constant upon irradiation is no longer valid. We show that A₀ evolves with the irradiation fluence, e.g. A₀→A(Φ), and we relate this behavior to the evolution of the stresses upon irradiation. Finally, this work allows us to define the limits of the ion-hammering effect when the non-hydrostatic capillarity stresses become important.
Lens Extrusion fromLaminin Alpha 1Mutant Zebrafish (2014)

We report analysis of the ocular lens phenotype of the recessive, larval lethal zebrafish mutant, lama1 (a69/a69). Previous work revealed that this mutant has a shortened body axis and eye defects including a defective hyaloid vasculature, focal corneal dysplasia, and loss of the crystalline lens. While these studies highlight the importance of laminin α1 in lens development, a detailed analysis of the lens defects seen in these mutants was not reported. In the present study, we analyze the lenticular anomalies seen in the lama1 (a69/a69) mutants and show that the lens defects result from the anterior extrusion of lens material from the eye secondary to structural defects in the lens capsule and developing corneal epithelium associated with basement membrane loss. Our analysis provides further insights into the role of the lens capsule and corneal basement membrane in the structural integrity of the developing eye.
Constrained Utility Maximization in Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Multi-UAV Networks (2020)

In this paper, we investigate the network utility maximization problem in a dual-functional radar-communication multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (multi-UAV) network where multiple UAVs serve a group of communication users and cooperatively sense the target simultaneously. To balance the communication and sensing performance, we formulate a joint UAV location, user association, and UAV transmission power control problem to maximize the total network utility under the constraint of localization accuracy. We then propose a computationally practical method to solve this NP-hard problem by decomposing it into three sub-problems, i.e., UAV location optimization, user association and transmission power control. Three mechanisms are then introduced to solve the three sub-problems based on spectral clustering, coalition game, and successive convex approximation, respectively. The spectral clustering result provides an initial solution for user association. Based on the three mechanisms, an overall algorithm is proposed to iteratively solve the whole problem. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithm improves the minimum user data rate significantly, as well as the fairness of the network. Moreover, the proposed algorithm increases the network utility with a lower power consumption and similar localization accuracy, compared to conventional techniques.
Adaptive bilinear inverse filtering (1992)

A parsimonious adaptive nonlinear filtering structure based on bilinear models is presented. A state-dependent embedding for developing nonlinear filters is presented. It is used to develop a computationally efficient bilinear adaptive filter which requires only local adaptation. Modularity and local connectivity make the structure amenable to VLSI implementation. In contrast to previous input-output pair (system identification) frameworks, an inverse filtering problem is considered where only output is observable. The adaptation is shown to be dependent on both past and present gradients.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transport Current in MgB2 based Superconducting Strand at 4.2 K and Self-Field (2001)

Transport current values of 7.5 x 104 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and self-field are reported for MbB2-based tapes. MgB2 strands were formed by directly filling commercially available MgB2 powder into Nb-lined, monel tubes and wire drawing. The wires were then rolled into tapes 2.56 x 0.32 mm2, with a total superconducting cross section of 0.2319 mm2. Transport measurements were performed using a standard four-point technique at T = 4.2 K (in liquid helium) and at self field. Three samples were prepared, with heat treatments of 900C for 1, 2, and 3 h under 1/3 at Ar. Measured values of transport current were 4.7, 7.5, and 1.1 x 104 A/cm2, respectively, at 4.2 K and self field. M-H loops taken on the sample HT for 1 h showed magnetic Jcs of 4.2 x 104 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and 1 T, indicating that the material had reasonably well connected grains.
Role of liver transplantation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (1993)

The results obtained by liver transplantation (TX) (n = 105) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were compared with those achieved by hepatic resection (HX) (n = 76). Overall 1- to 5-year survival rates after TX were 66%, 49%, 39%, 36%, and 36%, and those after HX were 71%, 55%, 47%, 37%, and 33%, respectively. The survival rates after TX and HX correlated well with pTNM stages, and the overall survival rates were similar in each stage between the TX and the HX group. However, when HCC was associated with cirrhosis of the liver, the survival rates after TX were significantly higher than those after HX at each stage of pTNM classification. Tumor recurrence rate was high both after TX (43%) and HX (50%), particularly in stage IV-A. Tumor recurrence rate was significantly lower after TX than after HX in HCCs of stages II and III. Liver TX has established its definite role in the treatment of HCC, particularly in the presence of hepatic impairment or cirrhosis of the liver.
“Who Cares?”: The Acceptance of Decentralized Wastewater Systems in Regions without Water Problems (2020)

There is a growing interest in decentralized wastewater treatment systems, especially in regions with water scarcity problems or water management issues. This study aims to determine whether the perceived advantages and disadvantages (leading to acceptance) of decentralized wastewater plants in such regions are the same in regions where the population is not aware of these water issues. Firstly, this study systematically reviews previous findings on public perceptions of the acceptance of decentralized wastewater treatment systems. Then, the study details the results of a focus group study to determine whether the elements identified in the literature are also relevant in a region where people are unaware of water problems. The results show that a lack of awareness of water issues seems to be a critical factor influencing acceptance. Reframing the usefulness of these systems by focusing on other aspects, such as environmental sustainability, is key.
Locally linear embedding methods for inter image coding (2013)

Image prediction methods based on data dimensionality reduction techniques have been recently introduced for still images. These techniques have been proven efficient, especially when used in a H.264 framework. This paper introduces a natural extension of this work from spatial prediction to temporal prediction. Locally Linear Embedding and Optimized Map-Aided Locally Linear Embedding methods are adapted within H.264 in order to improve inter image prediction. The resulting prediction methods are compared with the H.264 motion estimation/compensation method, template matching methods and Adaptive Interpolation Filters, and are shown to bring significant Rate-Distortion performance improvements (up to 20.21 % rate saving with respect to H.264).
Measurement of temperature-dependent specific heat of biological tissues (2005)

We measured specific heat directly by heating a sample uniformly between two electrodes by an electric generator. We minimized heat loss by styrofoam insulation. We measured temperature from multiple thermocouples at temperatures from 25 degrees C to 80 degrees C while heating the sample, and corrected for heat loss. We confirm method accuracy with a 2.5% agar-0.4% saline physical model and obtain specific heat of 4121+/-89 J (kg K)(-1), with an average error of 3.1%.
Absorption and Scattering Properties of Dust Clouds at 10.5-μm (1990)

Mass-density-normalized absorption and extinction coefficients for arid region soil-based dust were measured at a wavelength of 10.5 μm using photoacoustical techniques, short-path transmissometry, and aerosol dosimetry. An environmental chamber incorporating strong circulation, as well as the various aerosol sampling systems, was specifically designed for aerosol size distributions with particles as large as 40 μm in radius. The mass extinction coefficient was found to be 0.22 m2/g, while the single scattering albedo, determined from the absorption and extinction coefficients, was 0.5. Calculations of these properties were based on two approaches: analyses of size distributions from photomicrographs of filter samples and analyses of the results obtained using a mixed-medium settling theory. In both cases, Mie theory was applied despite the clearly irregular particle forms. Agreement was close to the measured value for both approaches. The expected overestimation of the optical properties for the former model did not occur. Larger particles in this range are included because of their relevance to arid region dust clouds.
Dielectric Laser Acceleration of Electrons (2018)

In the past few years, the first demonstrations have been conducted of a revolutionary new approach to particle acceleration, termed dielectric laser-driven acceleration (DLA), that combines the fabrication methods of the microchip industry with modern pulsed lasers to greatly shrink the size and cost of particle accelerators. This approach has been colloquially referred to as an ‘accelerator on a chip’. We review the history and prior art of structure-based laser acceleration, provide an overview of recent experimental results with dielectric on-chip devices and discuss future research directions and possibilities for this technology to realize compact low-cost particle accelerators for various applications, such as medicine, security and imaging.
Depressive Symptoms in Younger Women and Men With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the VIRGO Study (2015)

A high rate of lifetime history of depression and depressive symptoms at the time of an AMI was observed among younger women compared with men. Depressive symptoms affected those with more vulnerable socioeconomic and clinical profiles.
Why do individuals not lose more weight from an exercise intervention at a defined dose? An energy balance analysis (2012)

Weight loss resulting from an exercise intervention tends to be lower than predicted. Modest weight loss can arise from an increase in energy intake, physiological reductions in resting energy expenditure, an increase in lean tissue or a decrease in non-exercise activity. Lower than expected, weight loss could also arise from weak and invalidated assumptions within predictive models. To investigate these causes, we systematically reviewed studies that monitored compliance to exercise prescriptions and measured exercise-induced change in body composition. Changed body energy stores were calculated to determine the deficit between total daily energy intake and energy expenditures. This information combined with available measurements was used to critically evaluate explanations for low exercise-induced weight loss. We conclude that the small magnitude of weight loss observed from the majority of evaluated exercise interventions is primarily due to low doses of prescribed exercise energy expenditures compounded by a concomitant increase in caloric intake.
Amino acid supplementation of wheat and milo for the finishing pig (1971)

Two experiments involving 214 pigs were conducted to evaluate milo and wheat as the sole sources of amino acids for finishing swine, and the effects of supplementing these grains with lysine and methionine. Without supplemental lysine wheat and milo diets were inadequate for finishing pigs as measured by growth rate, feed efficiency, and loin eye area. There were no significant differences in daily gain or feed efficiency among the pigs fed wheat + lysine, milo + lysine + methionine, wheat + soybean meal or milo + soybean meal. Pigs fed milo supplemented with only lysine gained slower, had a smaller loin eye area, and tended to be less efficient in feed utilization than the pigs fed milo + soybean meal. The results indicate that lysine is the only limiting amino acid in wheat for the finishing pig, while milo must be supplemented with both lysine and methionine.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, October 7, 1971
Report on ACL survey on preprint publishing and reviewing (2017)

The ACL survey on preprint publishing and reviewing was conducted in June 2017 and received 623 complete responses.This section gives a high-level view of the main results and trends, based on the detailed results presented in subsequent sections.The great majority of respondents (93%) are either current or previous members of ACL, and the sample represents about 20% of the total membership of the association.As far as we can tell from available membership statistics, the sample appears to be representative with respect to demographic factors like geographical affiliation, gender, role and academic background.(For more information, see Section 1.) How well known would your colleagues consider your research to be within your subfield?The distribution of lesser vs. better known researchers follows an almost perfect normal distribution (with a slight skew towards lesser known). How well known do you consider your institution to be? How would you like to see ACL's reviewing model working in the future? How would you like to see ACL's reviewing model working in the future? How would you like to see ACL's reviewing model working in the future? The following are some actions suggested by members of the community. Please indicate which, if any, you would like to see implemented. [Multiple response]
British Institute of Radiology Presidential Address, 1990 (1991)

The historical origin and continuing central raison d'être of the British Institute of Radiology is as an interdisciplinary forum for promoting the advance of radiological science. This preculiar, broad, generalist but scientifically inclined concept of an institution is one that many of us who are part of it cherish very warmly. I certainly share this feeling, but I also believe that it behoves us from time to time to stand back and examine, from a wider perspective, what we are aiming to achieve, how we fit in to the contemporary cultural environment, and which way the scientific frontiers of our subject are likely to move in the foreseeable future. An objective outsider even from no further away than somewhere like Calais might well wonder whether the BIR was not in the same class as driving on the left side of the road: one of those quaint, if endearing, British institutions in which, in our insularity, we persist because we have not noticed that the rest of the world has passed us by. Surely, like it or not, we now live in an age of specialists, where the frontiers of physics have receded beyond the comprehension of many radiologists, while physicists, correspondingly, are equally out of their depth in many aspects of modern medicine. Specialization is affecting us not only at the scientific level but also in the form of professional differentiation.
Learning to Classify Text Using Support Vector Machines: Methods, Theory and Algorithms (2002)

Foreword T.Mitchell, K. Morik. Preface. Acknowledgments. Notation. 1. Introduction. 2. Text Classification. 3. Support Vector Machines. Part Theory. 4. A Statistical Learning Model of Text Classification for SVMS. 5. Efficient Performance Estimators for SVMS. Part Methods. 6. Inductive Text Classification. 7. Transductive Text Classification. Part Algorithms. 8. Training Inductive Support Vector Machines. 9. Training Transductive Support Vector Machines. 10. Conclusions. Bibliography. Appendices. Index.
Educación de la libertad para el amor en estudiantes universitarios (2018)

El presente artículo informa sobre el resultado de una investigación que tuvo como propósito comparar el nivel de comprensión sobre la libertad que tienen los estudiantes universitarios por especialidades de la escuela de Educación de la USAT en el año 2013. Para ello se aplica un instrumento que recoge el nivel de comprensión de la libertad de los estudiantes de la escuela de educación y luego propone acciones educativas para educar su libertad, en su inteligencia y voluntad. La metodología que se siguió es de tipo cuantitativa, a nivel descriptivo simple.
Associated factors for depression, suicidal ideation andsuicide attempt among asthmatic adolescents withexperience of electronic cigarette use (2020)

Many Korean asthmatic adolescents with experience of EC use report relatively high depression and suicidal behaviors. A multidisciplinary approach, including psychological help, may be required to prevent suicide among this population, especially those who report associated factors.
Steroid delivery systems for contraception. (1976)

Scientific disciplines not normally associated with pharmaceutical development have been employed to enhance the effectiveness and attractiveness of two approaches to steroidal contraception. The use of a bioerodible polymeric carrier for predictable systemic steroidal administration has removed the largest hurdle to the development of a subcutaneous contraceptive implant. A polymeric progesterone delivery system has provided a method for localizing hormonal contraception in the uterine cavity. Extensions of these technologies may provide two useful tools in limiting fertility in an already overcrowded world.
Bonding between high-performance polymer processed by Fused Filament Fabrication and PEEK/carbon fiber laminate (2021)

Automated fiber placement processes could be combined with additive manufacturing to produce more functionally complex composite structures with more flexibility. The challenge is to add functions or reinforcements to PEEK/carbon composite parts manufactured by automated fiber placement process, with additive manufacturing by fused filament fabrication. This consists of extruding a molten polymer through a nozzle to create a 3D part. Bonding between polymer filaments is a thermally driven phenomenon and determines the integrity and the final mechanical strength of the printed part. 3d-printing high performance polymers is still very challenging because they involve high thermal gradients during the process. The purpose of this work is to find a process window where the bonding strength is maximized between the composite laminate and the first layer of printed polymer, and inside the printed function as well. Experimental measurements of the temperature profiles at the interface between a composite substrate and 3d-printed PEI under different processing conditions were carried out. The interface was observed using microscopic sections. The methodology for studying the impact of printing parameters on the cohesion and adhesion of printed parts with a composite laminate is described. This work provides insights about the influence of processing conditions on the bond formation between high-performance polymer surfaces. It highlights the importance of controlling the thermal history of the materials all along the process.
Mild deficiency of dystrophin-associated proteins in Becker muscular dystrophy patients having in-frame deletions in the rod domain of dystrophin. (1993)

The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex spans the sarcolemma to provide a linkage between the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix in skeletal muscle. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the absence of dystrophin leads to a drastic reduction in all of the dystrophin-associated proteins in the sarcolemma, thus causing the disruption of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and the loss of the linkage to the extracellular matrix. The resulting sarcolemmal instability is presumed to render muscle fibers susceptible to necrosis. In the present study, we investigated the status of the dystrophin-associated proteins in the skeletal muscle from patients with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), a milder allelic form of DMD. BMD patients having in-frame deletions in the rod domain of dystrophin showed a mild to moderate reduction in all of the dystrophin-associated proteins in the sarcolemma, but this reduction was not as severe as that in DMD patients. The reduction of the immunostaining for the dystrophin-associated proteins showed a good correlation with that for dystrophin in both intensity and distribution. Our results indicate that (1) the abnormality of the sarcolemmal glycoprotein complex, which is similar to but milder than that in DMD patients, also exists in these BMD patients and (2) the rod domain of dystrophin is not crucial for the interaction with the dystrophin-associated proteins.
Implementation of stiff virtual walls in force-reflecting interfaces (2002)

The performance of a haptic interface is often reported in terms of the dynamic range of impedances it may represent. At the low end, the range is typically limited by inherent dynamics of the interface device, such as inertia and friction. At the high end, the range is typically limited by system stability. In a number of the applications, the principal limitation has proven to be the achievable upper limit on impedance. Therefore, a benchmark problem of considerable importance is the implementation of a stiff "wall". Contacting a wall may be described as the reversible transition from a region of very low impedance to one of very high impedance. A theoretical analysis (supplemented with discussion of experimental and simulation results) of stiff wall implementation is presented. The main result is a criterion for the passivity of a virtual wall in terms of two nondimensional parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>