gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Limited feedback unitary precoding for orthogonal space-time block codes (2004)

Orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) are a class of easily decoded space-time codes that achieve full diversity order in Rayleigh fading channels. OSTBCs exist only for certain numbers of transmit antennas and do not provide array gain like diversity techniques that exploit transmit channel information. When channel state information is available at the transmitter, though, precoding the space-time codeword can be used to support different numbers of transmit antennas and to improve array gain. Unfortunately, transmitters in many wireless systems have no knowledge about current channel conditions. This motivates limited feedback precoding methods such as channel quantization or antenna subset selection. This paper investigates a limited feedback approach that uses a codebook of precoding matrices known a priori to both the transmitter and receiver. The receiver chooses a matrix from the codebook based on current channel conditions and conveys the optimal codebook matrix to the transmitter over an error-free, zero-delay feedback channel. A criterion for choosing the optimal precoding matrix in the codebook is proposed that relates directly to minimizing the probability of symbol error of the precoded system. Low average distortion codebooks are derived based on the optimal codeword selection criterion. The resulting design is found to relate to the famous applied mathematics problem of subspace packing in the Grassmann manifold. Codebooks designed by this method are proven to provide full diversity order in Rayleigh fading channels. Monte Carlo simulations show that limited feedback precoding performs better than antenna subset selection.
A Remote Sensor for Detecting Methane Based on Palladium-Decorated Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2013)

The remote detection of the concentration of methane at room temperature is performed by a sensor that is configured by the combination of radio frequency identification (RFID), and functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The proposed sensor is schemed as a thin film RFID tag in a polyethylene substrate, on which a metal trace dipole, a metal trace T impedance matching networks, a 0.5 µm-CMOS RF/DC rectifier chipset and a sensor head of palladium-decorated single walled carbon nanotubes (Pd-SWCNTs) are surface mounted in cascade. The performances of the sensor are examined and described by the defined parameters of the received signal strength index (RSSI) and the comparative analog identifier (∆AID). Results validate the sensor's ability to detect molecules of methane at room temperature, showing that the RSSI can increase 4 dB and the ∆AID can increase 3% in response to methane concentrations ranging from zero to 100 ppm.
Non-hydrolytic Disruption of Crystalline Structure of Cellulose by Cellulose Binding Domain and Linker Sequence of Cellobiohydrolase I from Penicillium janthinellum. (2001)

The cooperation between cellobiohydrolase (CBHI) and endoglucanase (EG) is necessary for biodegradation of native cellulose, but its mechanism is still poorly understood. The present paper report at the first time that an isolated component, the cellulose binding domain with its linker sequence of cellobiohydrolase I from Penicillium janthinellum (CBD(CBHI)), plays an important role in the synergism between CBHI and EGI during cellulose biodegradation. A recombinantplasmid (pUC18C), containing the gene fragment encoding CBD(CBHI) from P.janthinellum was derived from pUC18-181. In pUC 18C, the catalytic domain region of cbhI gene was deleted by in vitro DNA manipulations and then E.coli JM 109 was transformed for the production of LacZ-CBD fusion protein. The active LacZ-CBD fusion protein was digested by papain and then purified by re-exclusion chromatography. The purified peptide sequence of CBD(CBHI) had the ability of binding crystalline cellulose. The detailed morphological and structural changes of cotton fibers after binding CBD(CBHI) were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, calorimetric activity and X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrated that the CBD(CBHI) not only has a high binding capacity to cellulose, but also causes non-hydrolytic disruption of crystalline cellulose, which leads to the release of short fibers. IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction show that destabilization is caused by the non-hydrolytic disruption of cellulose and the disruption of hydrogen bonds in crystalline cellulose. The efficiency of crystalline cellulose degradation was enhanced by synergistic action of CBD(CBHI) with EGI. These results suggest that the cellulose-binding domain with its linker plays an important role in crystalline cellulose degradation.
WE-G-BRE-06: New Potential for Enhancing External Beam Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer Using FDA-Approved Concentrations of Cisplatin Or Carboplatin Nanoparticles Administered Via Inhalation (2014)

Purpose: This study investigates, for the first time, the dose enhancement to lung tumors due to cisplatin nanoparticles (CNPs) and carboplatin nanoparticles (CBNPs) administered via inhalation route (IR) during external beam radiotherapy. Methods: Using Monte Carlo generated 6 MV energy fluence spectra, a previously employed analytic method was used to estimate dose enhancement to lung tumor due to radiation-induced photoelectrons from CNPs administered via IR in comparison to intravenous (IV) administration. Previous studies have indicated about 5% of FDA-approved cisplatin concentrations reach the lung tumor via IV. Meanwhile recent experimental studies indicate that 3.5–14.6 times higher concentrations of CNPs can reach the lung tumors by IR compared to IV. Taking these into account, the dose enhancement factor (DEF) defined as the ratio of the dose with and without CNPs was calculated for field size of 10 cm × 10 cm (sweeping gap), for a range of tumor depths and tumor sizes. Similar calculations were done for CBNPs. Results: For IR with 3.5 times higher concentrations than IV, and 2 cm diameter tumor, clinically significant DEF values of 1.19–1.30 were obtained for CNPs at 3–10 cm depth, respectively, in comparison to 1.06–1.09 for IV. For CBNPs, DEF values of 1.26–1.41 were obtained in comparison to 1.07–1.12 for IV. For IR with 14.6 times higher concentrations, higher DEF values were obtained e.g. 1.81–2.27 for CNPs. DEF increased with increasing field size or decreasing tumor size. Conclusions: Our preliminary results indicate that major dose enhancement to lung tumors can be achieved using CNPs/CBNPs administered via IR, in contrast to IV administration during external beam radiotherapy. These findings highlight a potential new approach for radiation boosting to lung tumors using CNPs/CBNPs administered via IR. This would, especially, be applicable during concomitant chemoradiotherapy, potentially allowing for dose enhancement while minimizing normal tissue toxicities.
Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Investigation of Dinuclear Tetrazolato-Bridged Rhenium Complexes (2012)

Starting from anionic tetrazole-based ligands, namely, 5-(4′-cyanophenyl)tetrazolate and 5-(4′-pyridyl)tetrazolate, mononuclear and dinuclear complexes of fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)]+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) were prepared and characterized. For the mononuclear complexes, regioselective coordination of the metal fragments on the negatively charged tetrazolato ring is exclusively obtained. Coordination to the benzonitrile and pyridine groups was achieved by previous alkylation of the tetrazole ring. Dinuclear complexes were obtained by treatment of the corresponding mononuclear tetrazole-bound complexes with fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(THF)]+. The second rhenium fragment coordinated either to the pyridine ring or, in the case of the benzonitrile ligand, to the tetrazole ring. The electrochemical properties were probed in an imidazolium ionic liquid, highlighting reduction processes centered on the phen ligand and oxidation processes localized on the metal. The photophysical properties of the complexes are characterized by phosphorescent emission from triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited states, with trends in the lifetime and quantum yield in qualitative agreement with the energy gap law. The two dinuclear complexes show almost superimposable emission profiles: in the 5-(4′-cyanophenyl)tetrazolate-bridged complex, the two metal fragments coordinated to the tetrazole are equivalent and share a positive charge of +1. On the other hand, the photophysical properties of the 5-(4′-pyridyl)tetrazolate-bridged dinuclear complex suggest energy transfer between the two metal centers.
Low temperature hybrid wafer bonding for 3D integration (2013)

Techniques for the bonding of wafers and dies at low temperature are investigated. Controlled wet etching using acids is used to bond SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and Al-Al chips at room temperature. The bond strength is evaluated using die-shear tests. Infrared imaging and SEM analysis are used to inspect the bonding interface. The results are compared with data from fusion bonding experiments. Relatively high bond bond strengths for SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and Al-terminated chips are achieved using bonding at room temperature.
Facile Methods to Make PDMS Hydrophilic: A Time Evolution Study for Microfluidic Devices (2020)

Flexible microfluidics have found extensive utility in the biological and biomedical fields. A leading substrate material for compliant devices is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Despite its many advantages, PDMS is inherently hydrophobic, limiting its use in passive (pumpless) microfluidics. To this end, many physical and chemical modifications to PDMS have been introduced, ranging from amphiphilic molecule additions to surface plasma treatments. When transitioning from lab benchtop to realized medical devices, these modifications must exhibit long-term stability. We have investigated an array of PDMS modifications, utilizing contact angle goniometry to study surface energy over a 30-day evolution study. Samples were stored in air and water, and Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) analysis was used to confirm surface functional group uniformity. We have identified preferred modification techniques for long-lasting PDMS devices and characterized often overlooked material stability.
The demonstration of congestion-controlled optical burst switching network utilizing two-way signaling - field trial in JGN II testbed (2005)

We demonstrate congestion controlled optical burst switching utilizing two-way signaling in field trials. The optical bursts, created in each node with Poisson probability, were routed within 20 ms.
Antiparallel state, compensation point, and magnetic phase diagram ofFe3O4/Mn3O4superlattices (2001)

The magnetic response of a ferrimagnetic/ferrimagnetic superlattice, $[{\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}(20\AA{})/{\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}(80\AA{}){]}_{x20},$ is measured as a function of external field (-50--50 kOe) and temperature (5--300 K). A compensation point ${(T}_{\mathrm{cp}})$ is identified \ensuremath{\sim}33 K at which the remanence changes sign and low-field M-T curves show minima, indicating that the net moments of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ are antiparallel. At temperatures &gt;\ensuremath{\sim}50 K, the magnetic response becomes pure ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$-like. Detailed M-H curves (at $T&lt;50\mathrm{K})$ further exhibit magnetic phase transition at higher external field. As H is above ${H}^{*}\ensuremath{\sim}10\mathrm{kOe},$ the magnetization is enhanced and then saturates at $H\ensuremath{\sim}40\mathrm{kOe}.$ These phases are similar to the twisted phases, originating from a competition between Zeeman and exchange energies, previously observed in antiparallel metallic multilayers. A H-T magnetic phase diagram of the present superlattice is presented and five phases are included: the ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$-aligned, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$-aligned, twisted, ferrimagnetic saturated, and pure ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ phases. M-H curves also show asymmetry at temperatures below and above ${T}_{\mathrm{cp}},$ which is probably related to the anisotropy effect of ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ (tetragonal structure). The fundamental mechanism of the antiparallel coupling between ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ is also discussed.
Peripheral neuropathies: examination of the patient (2000)

Determine the level of the disorder: is there a damage to the peripheral nerve system (e.g. disorder of a nerve plexus) only one affected nerve, i.e., mononeuropathy systematic peripheral nerve damage, i.e., polyneuropathy.
ChemInform Abstract: A SYNTHESIS OF 11‐HOMOALDOSTERONE (1983)

Abstract Die Synthese des Acetats (XIa), ausgehend von dem Spirostan (I), wird beschrieben, wobei die Darstellung der Zwischenstufen (VI) und (Xa) nach Literaturmethoden erfolgt.
Knockdown of farnesyltransferase (FTase) beta subunit expression inhibits FTase activity and tumor growth in nude mice (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

3799 

Direct evidence that inhibition of the enzyme activity of the housekeeping protein FTase results in suppression of human tumor growth is lacking. To this end, we designed a specific siRNA directed against the beta subunit of the alpha/beta FTase heterodimer and shown that the siRNA represses expression of the FTase beta gene and inhibits the enzymatic activity of FTase but not of the closely related family member geranylgeranyltransferase I. Prenylation of target substrates such as Ras was also decreased by FTβ specific siRNA. FTβ knockdown resulted in morphological reversion of H-Ras transforrmed cells and decreased cell viability. In addition, FTβ siRNA, but not control siRNAs, decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death. FTβ specific siRNA reduced MAPK but not Akt activation. Finally, we observed that tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model of human lung A-549 tumors was impaired by in vivo injection of siRNA specific to FTβ, but not control siRNA. Our findings show that inhibition of FTase expression in human cancer cells impairs tumor growth in vivo.
InGaAs switch transistors for microwave control applications (2002)

InGaAs insulated-gate FETs (IGFETs) with 1.2 /spl mu/m gate lengths have been designed, fabricated and characterized as switch devices for microwave control applications in switched and phase shifter circuits. The devices employed a plasma deposited silicon dioxide gate insulator and had multiple airbridged source regions. The control voltage was applied to the gate through a on chip 5 current k/spl Omega/ mesa resistor to RF isolate the device from the gate supply. The effect of increased gate leakage current on device performance due to the leakage path created by the gate bias resistor is discussed. Three different gate widths of 300 /spl mu/m, 600/spl mu/m and 1200/spl mu/m were investigated to examine the tradeoff between low on state and high off state capacitance. The DC current-voltage (I-V) characteristics as well as small signal scattering parameter (S-parameter) measurement results from 2-20 GHz are presented. The equivalent circuit models of the InGaAs switch FET fitted to the experimentally measured S-parameters are also given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Correlation of sleep EEG frequency bands and heart rate variability (2009)

Sleep apnoea is a sleep breathing disorder which causes changes in cardiac and neuronal activity and discontinuities in sleep pattern when observed via electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG). This paper presents a pilot study result of assessing the correlation between EEG frequency bands and ECG Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in normal and sleep apnoea human clinical patients at different sleep stages. In sleep apnoea patients, the results have shown that EEG delta, sigma and beta bands exhibited a strong correlation with cardiac HRV parameters at different sleep stages.
<title>Optical implementation of fuzzy-logic-based controllers</title> (2000)

State of the art fuzzy-logic based control is mainly implemented using electronic hardware or computer software. This requires interpretation of fuzzy logic concepts such as membership functions and fuzzy based rules, all of which have been thoroughly studied. However, the 2-D light-speed abilities of optical processing enables direct implementation of dual-input fuzzy logic inference engines. The optical equivalent of the membership function is generated in a straightforward manner and the same applies to rule tables and combination rules. Diffractive optical elements allow these optical inference engines to be compact in size and high on efficiency. This is done by binary optics and phase-only elements. Using the 2-D work-plane of optics, the ability of simple control over the wavelength and the polarization of light and the properties of diffractive elements, such an engine can deal with higher order data and lead the way to fast and dynamic fuzzy inferencing.
A crucial role of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid subtype of glutamate receptors in piriform and perirhinal cortex for the initiation and propagation of limbic motor seizures. (1997)

The role of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors in the initiation and propagation of limbic motor seizures in rats was examined by the intracerebral and systemic administration of 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo (f) quinoxaline (NBQX), a selective antagonist of the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptor. Limbic motor seizures were evoked focally by the application of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist, bicuculline, into area tempestas, an epileptogenic site in the deep anterior piriform cortex. Before eliciting seizures, NBQX was applied focally into either 1) area tempestas or 2) perirhinal or posterior piriform cortex ipsilateral to the area tempestas from which seizures were evoked. In addition, pretreatment with i.p. NBQX was evaluated for anticonvulsant actions against area tempestas-evoked clonic or systemically evoked tonic seizures. In all conditions, a dose-dependent decrease in the severity of seizures was obtained with NBQX. With focal intracerebral administration, a dose of 500 pmol of NBQX consistently protected against limbic motor seizures, with partial protection achieved with 100 pmol. After i.p. administration, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg significantly protected the rats from both limbic motor seizures and tonic extensor seizures. No overt disturbance of spontaneous behavior was associated with the anticonvulsant doses of NBQX. Moreover, both forebrain substrates of limbic motor seizures and hindbrain substrates of tonic extensor seizures were highly susceptible to disruption by NBQX. The results indicate that AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors are crucial mediators of seizure propagation via perirhinal and piriform cortics.
Iodinated contrast media (2021)

Contrast media are the materials utilized in radiology to improve the visualization of certain body structures subjected to analysis in a medical image. Contrast media are, then, diagnostic drugs because they increase the visibility of organs and tissues and allow the identification of details that otherwise could not be observed. With the introduction of multidetector computed tomography the number of patients undergoing contrast studies has grown exponentially in recent years. In computed tomography the formation of the radiographic image is obtained with the use of contrast media containing iodine atoms, exploiting the different attenuation that the X-ray beam presents in crossing the anatomical districts. The Iodinated Contrast Media (ICM) are a category of numerous substances formed by even complex molecules that vary considerably in their properties, uses and toxic effects. Even though iodinated contrast agents have a good safety profile, it is necessary to understand that some patients can have severe, life-threatening allergic reactions because of the side effects of the chemicals. This paper describes the clinical pharmacology, use and adverse reactions of intravenous iodinated contrast media used in computerized tomography, offering all doctors, even non-radiologists, the opportunity for rapid updating.
Evaluation of Bone Ingrowth in Free Form Fabricated Scaffolds (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Photocatalytic Activity of Protein‐Conjugated CdS Nanoparticles (2010)

Colloidal CdS nanoparticles are conjugated with a variety of proteins, including enhanced yellow fluorescent protein, tobacco etch virus protease (TEV), lysozyme, and bacterial cytochrome P450 CYP152A1, and the photochemical properties of the resulting conjugates are analyzed by EPR spectroscopy and hydroxyl radical-specific fluorimetric assay. While irradiation of bare CdS colloids leads to photogeneration of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, it is surprisingly observed that coating of the CdS particles with proteins effectively suppresses the production of these radical species and instead leads to increased formation of a long-lived reactive oxygen species, most likely H(2)O(2). A mechanism for the observed results is suggested. The empirical results are capitalized on for the assembly of a CdS-TEV nanohybrid, which shows significantly higher performance as a photocatalytic mediator for fatty acid hydroxylation by CYP152A1 than bare CdS nanoparticles.
SYNTHESIS OF 15,17-METHYLENE-PROSTAGLANDINS (1979)

Abstract 20-Methyl-15,17-methylene-prostaglandin F2α and E2 methyl ester (1 and 2) and 15,17-methylene-17-phenoxy-ω-trinor-prostaglandin F2α methyl ester (3) were synthesized via pyrolysis of β-hydroxy sulfoxides obtained by the coupling reaction of 3,7-dioxy-6-phenylsulfinylmethyl-2-oxabicyclo-[3,3,0]-octane derivative (10) with 3-butylcyclobutanone and 3-phenoxycyclobutanone respectively.
Two-dimensional elastic bandgap crystal to attenuate surface waves (1999)

Experiments on the attenuation of Rayleigh waves in a marble quarry by a periodic array of cylindrical holes, in a honeycomb and in a triangular distribution, are reported. The results are explained in terms of elastic wave crystals (EWC's), and compared to theoretical calculations performed with scalar waves. The scaling property of the underlying theory has led us to explore the possible application of the results obtained to the attenuation of surface waves in seismic movements.