gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The application of sinusoidal blade-leading edges in a fan-design methodology to improve stall resistance (2013)

Taking inspiration from previous biomimetic studies on the performance of humpback whale flippers, this paper reports a programme of work to design a ‘whale-fan’ that incorporates a sinusoidal leading-edge blade profile that mimics the tubercles on humpback whales flippers. Previous researchers have used two-dimensional cascades of aerofoils to study the effects of a sinusoidal profile on aerofoil lift and drag performance. The research was primarily concerned with elucidating the fluid-flow mechanisms induced by the sinusoidal profile and the impact of those mechanisms on aerofoil performance. The results indicate that a sinusoidal leading-edge profile has improved lift recovery post-stall and, thus, is inherently more aerodynamically resistant to the effect of stall. The reported research focuses on the application of previous research conducted with infinite span cascades of aerofoils to the design and optimisation of a finite span aerofoil. The paper presents the assumptions when developing a three-dimensional aerofoil-design methodology that correlates the sinusoidal profile of the blade-leading edge with the desired vorticity distribution at the trailing edge. The authors apply the developed methodology to the design of a fan blade’s tip region to control separation at the trailing edge. The paper presents numerically derived whale-fan performance characteristics and compares them with both numerically and experimentally derived performance characteristics of the baseline fan.
Oxidative Addition of Silanes to Ru5(CO)15(μ5-C) under Photolytic Conditions. The Synthesis and Structural Characterizations of Ru5(CO)14(SiEt3)(μ5-C)(μ-H) and Ru5(CO)15(SiEt3)(μ5-C)(μ-H) (2000)

The reaction of Ru5(CO)15(μ5-C), 1, with triethylsilane in the presence of UV−vis irradiation has yielded two new cluster complexes: Ru5(CO)14(SiEt3)(μ5-C)(μ-H), 2, in 11% yield and Ru5(CO)15(SiEt3)(μ5-C)(μ-H), 3, in 4% yield. Compound 2 can be converted to 3 in 89% yield under an atmosphere of CO at 25 °C. Compound 3 is converted back to 2 when heated to 97 °C. Compounds 2 and 3 were both characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Compound 2 contains a square pyramidal cluster of five ruthenium atoms with a μ5-carbido ligand. The SiEt3 ligand is coordinated to one of the basal ruthenium atoms. The Ru−Ru bond from this ruthenium atom to the apical ruthenium atom is unusually long at 3.1353(8) Å. Compound 3 contains an open Ru5(μ5-C) cluster where one ruthenium atom bridges a butterfly arrangement of four ruthenium atoms. The silyl group is bonded to the bridging ruthenium atom, and the hydride ligand bridges the hinge bond of the butterfly.
The Detection of Staphylococcal Thermonuclease (TNase) from Cooked Rice by the IDF Method and a Modified Procedure (1987)

The applicability of the IDF method for the detection of Staphylococcal thermonuclease (TNase) produced in cooked rice was examined. The lower limit of detection of TNase levels was 0.01μg/g in cooked rice by the IDF method. TNase was detectable at S. aureus population levels of 107/g, whereas enterotoxin was detected after 16-24 hours. The IDF method was modified by adding the sample to the Tris-buffered solution directly in the course of TNase extraction, and the supernatant was obtained by centrifugation; in addition, greater sensitivity could be obtained by increasing both the well size and the amount of the supernatant tested. The lower limit of detection of TNase levels was 0.005μg/g in cooked rice by the modified procedure.
Realisable 100% raised cosine filters (1981)

An optimal design method is given for the above class of filters. This new method gives results that show how quickly the realisable filters approach the deal. A 9-pole example in the letter is within 1.5% of ideal performance in both time and frequency domains.
Use of high-frequency, high-definition topographic 3D data to develop geographic thinking of students (2019)

Various teaching methods including classroom lectures, physical experiments, and field excursions are useful for students to learn and understand the basic concepts of geography and earth sciences. However, due to constraints in the current curriculum of geographic education in Japanese schools, physical experiments and field excursions are rarely conducted, and classroom lectures tend to focus on memorizing some technical terms. This environment is not ideal for teaching processes and mechanisms of geographic phenomena. High-frequency, high-definition topographic data obtained using a TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanner) and SfM-MVS photogrammetry with a UAS (Unmanned Aerial System) have become popular in geoscience. Those surveying approaches allow us to directly monitor rapidly changing landforms, while we can also use the obtained data to visualize geographic phenomena by various methods and materials including 3D print models, 3D virtual models, pictures, videos, and virtual/mixed reality. Here we explore the use of high-frequency, high-definition topographic data for educating geographic thinking. We arranged and conducted experimental teaching classes for elementary school students. First, we showed two 3D print models of the same sea cliff for years 2015 and 2017 constructed form high-definition topographic data. When students touched the two models, they were able to feel topographic changes due to erosion and sedimentation effectively. Furthermore, after exploring the 3D print models, many students were able to imagine how the sea cliff would change in the future. Next, we showed two images of fluvial deposits along a river segment in the area where the students live for July 2017 and September 2017. Then, they were able to imagine the transportation force of river flow. They also understood that the river flows typically in quiet but becomes powerful at high flow to move more sediment, and it might cause a disaster. Such visualized and touchable learning materials derived from high-frequency, high-definition topographic data enable students to enhance their geographic imagination of landforms, which are familiar to them but unexpectedly changing, at appropriate spatial and time scales.
5.1 A 5×80W 0.004% THD+N automotive multiphase Class-D audio amplifier with integrated low-latency ΔΣ ADCs for digitized feedback after the output filter (2017)

Feedback after the output filter has long been a desired feature for high-power switching (Class-D) amplifiers, as it mitigates the influence of the LC filter components on the frequency transfer function and on linearity, enabling lower component costs. However, it requires compensation of the LC filter to maintain loop stability. In the analog domain, this is difficult to combine with high loop-gain, as the design has to cope with variability in both the LC filter and in the loop-filter. In [1], multiple analog feedback loop-filters from before and after the output filter have been employed, but the loop-gain of the outer loop is only ~10dB at 20kHz. Alternatively, digital filters have no variability in their coefficients and are well suited for programmable compensation of the output filter, optionally even adaptive. In [2] feasibility is shown of a single digital loop with full global feedback. However, to achieve this, a costly commercially available ADC with 2.5MHz bandwidth and 950mW power consumption was required, a drawback that so far has prevented further adoption. In this paper we present a 5-channel Class-D amplifier with integrated low-latency delta-sigma (ΔΣ) ADCs, each consuming only 30mW, for digital feedback after the output filter. With this system, more than 50dB loop-gain is obtained. THD+N is 0.004% over the full audio band, which is at least 10× better than [1] where data is only given at 1kHz.
Rate Law (2023)

This Glossary contains definitions, explanatory notes, and sources for terms used in physical organic chemistry. Its aim is to provide guidance on the terminology of physical organic chemistry, with a view to achieving a consensus on the meaning and applicability of useful terms and the abandonment of unsatisfactory ones. Owing to the substantial progress in the field, this 2021 revision of the Glossary is much expanded relative to the previous edition, and it includes terms from cognate fields.
Low-cost and small BOSA employing impedance matching circuits for 10G-EPON (2012)

A low-cost and small BOSA achieves excellent optical transmission waveforms with a >;40% mask margin in a wide temperature range (-10 to 85°C) by using impedance matching circuits in a low-cost TO CAN package.
Identification of Two Protein-binding and Functional Regions of Curli, a Surface Organelle and Virulence Determinant ofEscherichia coli (2002)

Curli are surface organelles of Escherichia coli. These fibrous proteins, formed by polymerization of a 15-kDa subunit, are expressed by E. coli strains associated with severe infections in humans. A remarkable property of curli is their ability to interact with a wide range of human proteins, interactions that contribute to the enhanced virulence of curli-expressing E. coli. To define the protein-binding region(s) of curli, we investigated the binding properties of overlapping synthetic peptides covering the curli subunit. Two peptides, one covering a 24-amino acid residue sequence in the NH(2)-terminal half of the subunit (NNS24) and one corresponding to the 26 COOH-terminal residues (VDQ26), were found to bind a number of human proteins. Physiochemical analysis revealed that NNS24 adopts a thermally stable beta-structure, and in solution the peptide forms soluble multimers, predominantly octamers. Intact curli are known to activate the proinflammatory and procoagulant contact system, and when added to human plasma, the NNS24 and VDQ26 peptides induced the release of the potent vasoactive peptide bradykinin. The results map important curli functions to the regions corresponding to the NNS24 and VDQ26 sequences.
Corrosion Mitigation in Crude Oil Process by Implementation of Desalting Unit in Erbil Refinery (2017)

The aim of this study is to reduce the percentage of salt and water in the Khurmele crude oil which is chosen for this study in order to mitigate the corrosion of the equipment’s involved in the refining process. The produced oil in Khurmele oil ﬁeld, received by a refinery, usually contains water, mineral salts, and sediments, which should be treated before starting the refining process. In addition, this water normally contains dissolved mineral salts which are usually soluble in the water phase such as chlorides of sodium, calcium, and magnesium. If crude oil is left untreated, it can cause various operating problems such as scaling, corrosion and inorganic fouling of the equipment, and catalyst poisoning of the hydrotreating unit. This study focuses on the optimization of the salt removal and dehydration efficiency of the desalter unit, which currently is a single-stage desalter. Five parameters which are affecting the efficiency of the desalter unit are; temperature, demulsifier injection rates, wash-water injection rates, differential pressure, and electrical current. A systematic study was carried out by variation of one parameter while keeping the other four parameters constant at each time. Basic Sediments & Water (BS&W) will be measured to evaluate the effect of each parameter. Samples were taken with every changed factor and analyzed.., For multiple tests, the extent of the changes and the difference between the results of the first sample with the results of other samples, on the basis of the analysis of the percentage removal of salts and separation of water, were determined in order to get the best results at the end. This leads to the improvement of the operational conditions to good working conditions. It was found that at a crude oil flow rate of 70 -200m3/hr. The optimum result of salt and water removal was at the temperature 125 °C. The optimum injected concentration of Embreak 2W157D was 20ppm for salt and water removal. The highest efficiency for salt and water removal was reached at 1.3bar differential pressure (∆P = 1.3bar). The best ratio of wash water injection to desalter unit for optimum salt and impurities removal from the crude oil was found to be 6m3/hr. Also, It was found that the electrical voltage value of 23 Kv. gave the optimum collection of water drops. Finally, the overhead system corrosion was due to the hydrogen chloride dissolved in crude oil passed through bad desalting process to downstream of the desalter unit.
Contradictory effects of dopamine at 32°C in pigs anesthetized with ketamine (1997)

Dopamine increased CO and MAP in normothermia but not at 32 degrees C, where there was even a significant reduction of MAP in this porcine model.
Two point-contact interferometer for quantum Hall systems (1997)

We propose a device, consisting of a Hall bar with two weak barriers, that can be used to study quantum interference effects in a strongly correlated system. We show how the device provides a way of measuring the fractional charge and fractional statistics of quasiparticles in the quantum Hall effect through an anomalous Aharanov-Bohm period. We discuss how this disentangling of the charge and statistics can be accomplished by measurements at fixed filling factor and at fixed density. We also discuss another type of interference effect that occurs in the nonlinear regime as the source-drain voltage is varied. The period of these oscillations can also be used to measure the fractional charge, and details of the oscillation patterns, in particular the position of the nodes, can be used to distinguish between Fermi-liquid and Luttinger-liquid behavior. We illustrate these ideas by computing the conductance of the device in the framework of edge state theory and use it to estimate parameters for the experimental realization of this device.
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the regulation of gene transcription (2002)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a regulator of cellular metabolism in response to changes in the energy status of the cells. AMPK was known to shut down energy-consuming pathways in response to a fall in the ATP/AMP ratio by phosphorylating key enzymes of intermediate metabolism. Here we will discuss the recent evidence implicating AMPK in the regulation of gene expression in mammals, mainly in the liver and in the pancreatic beta-cells.
Preparation and characterization of lung-targeting ceftiofur-loaded gelatin microspheres (2011)

Cef-MS is a promising alternative form with high lung-targeting properties for the treatment of respiratory infections.
An Improved Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm Based Echo State Network for Predicting Faults in Airplane Engines (2020)

In today's age of industrialization, sensor devices installed on equipment generate a vast amount of data. One of the engineers' main jobs is utilizing these data to provide better solutions to industrial problems. This availability of extensive data partly led to the creation of predictive maintenance (PdM). In PdM, existing and previous conditions of devices are used to predict their future behavior for optimal maintenance. Most of these PdM approaches are typical time-series predictions. Machine learning tools like Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are excellent tools for time-series predictions. However, most RNNs suffer from training issues due to the unstable gradient problem. Thus, networks such as the Echo State Network (ESN), were designed to solve them. The ESN solves the gradient problem by training only the output weights using simple linear regression. Despite this ease, the selection of ESN parameters and topology is a considerable design challenge. This problem is often formulated as a typical optimization problem. Metaheuristic algorithms are known to be excellent tools for solving optimization problems. Hence, in this work, we design an improved Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) based ESN. The proposed technique uses a new solution representation with a simplified attraction and repulsion mechanisms to enhance performance. Our target application is to predict the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of turbofan engines. The method outperforms the Cuckoo Search (CS), Differential Evolution (DE), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Binary PSO (BPSO), the original GOA, the classical ESN, deep ESN, and LSTM. We have provided all implemented codes and data at the GitHub repository. https://github.com/bala-221/Airplane-fault-prediction.
Transition Metal−Amine Initiators for Preparation of Well-Defined Poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate) (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTransition Metal−Amine Initiators for Preparation of Well-Defined Poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate)Timothy J. DemingView Author Information Materials and Chemistry Departments University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, California 93106 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 11, 2759–2760Publication Date (Web):March 19, 1997Publication History Received29 July 1996Published online19 March 1997Published inissue 1 March 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja962625whttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja962625wrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1385Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amines,Ligands,Living polymerization,Metals,Polymerization Get e-Alerts
Single photodiode direct detection system of 100-Gb/s OFDM/OQAM-64QAM over 80-km SSMF within a 50-GHz optical grid (2014)

We propose a novel guard-band-shared direct-detection (GBS-DD) scheme to improve the receiver spectrum efficiency (SE). The 100-Gb/s signal is modulated by 2 sub-bands, which are assigned onto two orthogonal polarizations. The central wavelengths of the two sub-bands are set as 10.84-GHz frequency space. The two sub-bands are then received simultaneously using a single conventional photodiode (PD) of 40-GHz bandwidth. Only one optical pilot carrier is inserted to beat with the 2 sub-bands on the two polarizations. When the 2 sub-band signal entering into the receiver, the signal-to-signal beat interference (SSBI) terms fall and overlap in the same guard band. As a consequence, the bandwidth usage of the PD is enhanced from 1/2 to 2/3. The 100-Gb/s signal is modulated using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing based on offset quadrature-amplitude-modulation of 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (OFDM/OQAM-64QAM), and transmitted over 80-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) within a 50-GHz optical grid. It is shown that the proposed GBS-DD scheme can be implemented by the current commercial optical/electrical devices.
Dynamic power consumption in Virtex™-II FPGA family (2002)

This paper analyzes the dynamic power consumption in the fabric of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) by taking advantage of both simulation and measurement. Our target device is Xilinx Virtex™-II family, which contains the most recent and largest programmable fabric. We identify important resources in the FPGA architecture and obtain their utilization, using a large set of real designs. Then, using a number of representative case studies we calculate the switching activity corresponding to each resource. Finally, we combine effective capacitance of each resource with its utilization and switching activity to estimate its share of power consumption. According to our results, the power dissipation share of routing, logic and clocking resources are 60%, 16%, and 14%, respectively. Also, we concluded that dynamic power dissipation of a Virtex-II CLB is 5.9μW per MHz for typical designs, but it may vary significantly depending on the switching activity.
How tilting and cavity-mode-resonant absorption contribute to light harvesting in 3D radial junction solar cells (2015)

Radial junction (RJ) architecture has proven beneficial in boosting light harvesting and fast carrier separation in thin film solar cells. While a comprehensive understanding of the detailed absorption distribution and light incoupling mechanism within such a 3D RJ configuration remains largely unexplored. Taking hydrogenated amorphous Si (a-Si:H) RJ solar cells as an example, we here address in both experimental and theoretical manners the impacts of tilting and spacing configuration on the light absorption and external quantum efficiency (EQE) responses. A nice agreement between the calculated and experimental EQE responses indicates that the light harvesting realized within RJ thin film solar cells is quite robust against geometric variations and shadowing effects. Following the concepts of optical fiber injection, we have been able to single out the contribution arising solely from a resonant-mode-incoupling into the RJ cavities against a sidewall scattering incidence scenario. These results provide insightful viewpoints as well as practical guides in developing a new generation of high performance RJ thin film solar cells.
Study of the Reproducibility Characteristics of a Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Fumonisins B1 and B2 in Corn: IUPAC Collaborative Study (1993)

Abstract An interlaboratory study of the reproducibility characteristics of a liquid chromatographic method for the determination of fumonisins B1 and B2 in corn was conducted in 11 laboratories in the United States, South Africa, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, and The Netherlands. Each laboratory was supplied with 12 coded, blind duplicates of 6 samples of naturally contaminated corn containing different amounts of fumonisins B1 and B2 . Samples are extracted with methanol-water (3 + 1), extracts are centrifuged, and supernatants are cleaned up on strong-anion-exchange cartridges, which were supplied to participants. Solutions are derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde, and individual fumonisins are determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Quantitation is by comparison with the supplied fumonisin standards. The within-laboratory repeatability was determined by statistical analysis of data after exclusion of outliers. Relative standard deviations for within-laboratory repeatability varied from 7.7 to 25.5% for fumonisin B1 at concentrations between 200 and 2000 ng/g and from 12.5 to 36.8% for fumonisin B2 at concentrations between 70 and 740 ng/g. Relative standard deviations for betweenlaboratory reproducibility varied from 18.0 to 26.7% for fumonisin B1 and from 28.0 to 45.6% for fumonisin B2 at the concentrations mentioned above. These measures of variability indicate that the method is suitable for adoption as an official method provided that the accuracy characteristics are verified collaboratively.