gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The trisomy 4p syndrome: Case report and review (1977)

We report a further case of trisomy 4p: a 5-year-old mentally retarded boy with characteristic facial features, eye abnormalities, flexion contractures, several bone anomalies, and hyperactivity. In a review of 27 cases (11 male, 16 female, 22 families) the cytogenetic and clinical data were tabulated and analyzed. Diagnosis is established by karyotype: there is always partial or apparently "total" trisomy of the short term arm of chromosome 4. In 19 families a parent carried either a balanced translocation (16 times) or a pericentric inversion (3 times); 3 patients had de novo duplication of 4p. In several cases, additional deletions or trisomies were present. From the analysis of all cases, but particularly of the "pure" trisomies, the phenotypic spectrum of this condition was observed and found to be a specific multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome. Its main features are a characteristic facial appearance, postnatal growth retardation, severe psychomotor retardation with or without seizures, microcephaly, and various major and minor anomalies.
Comparative action of glyphosate as a trigger of energy drain in eubacteria (1986)

Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, each possessing a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase that is sensitive to inhibition by glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], provide a good cross-section of organisms exemplifying the biochemical diversity of the aromatic pathway targeted by this potent antimicrobial compound. The pattern of growth inhibition, the alteration in levels of aromatic-pathway enzymes, and the accumulation of early-pathway metabolites after the addition of glyphosate were distinctive for each organism. Substantial intracellular shikimate-3-phosphate accumulated in response to glyphosate treatment in all three organisms. Both E. coli and P. aeruginosa, but not B. subtilis, accumulated near-millimolar levels of shikimate-3-phosphate in the culture medium. Intracellular backup of common-pathway precursors of shikimate-3-phosphate was substantial in B. subtilis, moderate in P. aeruginosa, and not detectable in E. coli. The full complement of aromatic amino acids prevented growth inhibition and metabolite accumulation in E. coli and P. aeruginosa where amino acid end products directly control early-pathway enzyme activity. In contrast, the initial prevention of growth inhibition in the presence of aromatic amino acids in B. subtilis was succeeded by progressively greater growth inhibition that correlated with rapid metabolite accumulation. In B. subtilis glyphosate can decrease prephenate concentrations sufficiently to uncouple the sequentially acting loops of feedback inhibition that ordinarily link end product excess to feedback inhibition of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase by prephenate. The consequential unrestrained entry is an energy-rich substrates into the aromatic pathway, even in the presence of aromatic amino acid end products, is an energy drain that potentially accounts for the inability of end products to fully reverse glyphosate inhibition in B. subtilis. Even in E. coli after glyphosate inhibition and metabolite accumulation were allowed to become fully established, a transient period where end products were capable of only partial reversal of growth inhibition occurred. The distinctive metabolism produced by dissimilation of different carbon sources also profound effects upon glyphosate sensitivity.
Sensitized Lymphocytes and CD40 Ligation Augment Interleukin‐12 Production by Human Dendritic Cells in Response toToxoplasma gondii (1999)

Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen-presenting cells that can stimulate T cell responses by secreting cytokines. During Toxoplasma gondii infection, host immunity is mediated by interferon-gamma, which is induced by interleukin-12 (IL-12). Whether T. gondii infection would stimulate human DC to produce IL-12 was determined. DC were generated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and recombinant human IL-4. DC secreted high levels of IL-12 in response to lipopolysaccharide but not to either live T. gondii tachyzoites or soluble antigen. However, IL-12 production in response to T. gondii was observed when DC were cocultured in contact with lymphocytes isolated from seropositive donors. Ligation of CD40:CD154 was partially essential for IL-12 secretion. These data demonstrate that signals obtained from contact with sensitized lymphocytes are critical for human DC to secrete IL-12 in response to T. gondii.
(Invited) Epitaxial Silicide Films for Integrated Circuits and Future Devices (1983)

Epitaxial growth of metal-silicide films onto Si substrates and its application to future semiconductor devices are reviewed. The growth conditions, electrical and structural properties, thermal stability, and irradiation response of epitaxial PtSi, Pd 2 Si, NiSi 2 , and CoSi 2 films are discussed. Si/silicide/Si structures are also described as an example of device applications.
Cytotoxic Factor for Fibroblasts in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Bleomycin-Treated Rats (1990)

The mechanisms of lung injury and fibrosis in diffuse interstitial lung diseases were studied by tests on the in vitro effect of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from bleomycin-treated rats on quiescent fibroblasts in culture. The BALF was obtained on days 2, 3, 6, 15, and 29 after intratracheal administration of bleomycin. Cytotoxic activity was detected in the BALF only on day 2. The factor responsible for the cytotoxic activity was detected in 50-70% ammonium sulfate fraction, and lost 10% of its activity after 30 min at 56 degrees C, 75% after 10 min at 80 degrees C, and all activity after 10 min at 100 degrees C. The factor was completely precipitated by 60% acetone and was not extractable with ether. In ion exchange chromatography, the factor was eluted with the main fraction of protein, and gel filtration indicated that it had a molecular weight of 60-70 kDa. Histological examination showed disappearance of the normal alveolar architecture on day 2, and pulmonary fibrosis on day 15. Thus the cytotoxic factor may be one of factors responsible for lung injury and may act as trigger for subsequent fibrosis in bleomycin-induced lung damage.
Low-dose radiation cancer susceptibility models (2015)

These and studies including CC and DO genetically diverse mouse resources are crucial for identifying genes that drive radiation-induced health effects and individual susceptibilities. This information together with fundamental mechanistic studies will permit more biologically realistic mathematical models to be developed to extend risk evaluation to dose levels below which direct human data are unavailable and will provide regulatory agencies, such as DOE, with the necessary data to develop accurate regulatory standards for exposure to low dose radiation.
Impact of storage duration on the emissions of ammonia and VOC during the convective drying of urban residual sludges (2010)

peer reviewed
Supplementary Figure 2 from <i>CMTM3</i>, Located at the Critical Tumor Suppressor Locus 16q22.1, Is Silenced by CpG Methylation in Carcinomas and Inhibits Tumor Cell Growth through Inducing Apoptosis (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from &lt;i&gt;CMTM3&lt;/i&gt;, Located at the Critical Tumor Suppressor Locus 16q22.1, Is Silenced by CpG Methylation in Carcinomas and Inhibits Tumor Cell Growth through Inducing Apoptosis
Sandia Generated Matrix Tool (SGMT) v. 1.0 (2015)

Provides a tool with which create and characterize a very large set of matrix-based visual analogy problems that have properties that are similar to Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPMs)™. The software uses the same underlying patterns found in RPMs to generate large numbers of unique matrix problems using parameters chosen by the researcher. Specifically, the software is designed so that researchers can choose the type, direction, and number of relations in a problem and then create any number of unique matrices that share the same underlying structure (e.g. changes in numerosity in a diagonal pattern) but have different surface features (e.g. shapes, colors).Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPMs) ™ are a widely-used test for assessing intelligence and reasoning ability. Since the test is non-verbal, it can be applied to many different populations and has been used all over the world. However, there are relatively few matrices in the sets developed by Raven, which limits their use in experiments requiring large numbers of stimuli. This tool creates a matrix set in a systematic way that allows researchers to have a great deal of control over the underlying structure, surface features, and difficulty of the matrix problems while providing a large set of novel matrices with which to conduct experiments.
Scaling laws for spherical pinch experiments (1991)

In spherical pinch (SP) experiments, the plasma heated at the center of a cell to reach ignition temperature is confined by imploding shock waves for a time long enough to satisfy the Lawson criterion for plasma fusion. In earlier theoretical studies, the expansion of the central plasma either is neglected or is assumed to be radially uniform. In the present paper, the energy is considered to be deposited instantaneously at the center of the cell and the nonlinear heat conduction equation is solved to study the temporal evolution of the central plasma. Incorporating the ignition condition for the average temperature of the expanding fireball, and its confinement by imploding convergent shock waves, which may be fired from the periphery of the cell with some time delay, the scaling laws for satisfying the Lawson criterion are investigated in detail. The relevant calculations indicate that the cumulative effects of the convergent shock waves in the vicinity of the center of the cell play an important role in these scaling laws.
ENHANCEMENT OF DEWATERABILITY OF THICKENED WASTE ACTIVATED SLUDGE BY FREEZING AND THAWING TREATMENT (2001)

The effect of freezing speed on dewaterability of waste activated sludge thickened by flotation was investigated. The average dewatering rate of the sludge after freezing/thawing treatment was remarkably increased, and was found to be larger in the order: slow-frozen (-10 degrees C, -20 degrees C) > fast-frozen (-80 degrees C) > unfrozen sludge. This order was consistent with those of the sludge settling, elution of intracellular water and the numbers of the viable bacteria in the sludges after freezing/thawing. The expression characteristics and the final moisture contents of unfrozen and frozen sludge were evaluated from expession experiments at constant pressure. The wet-basis moisture content of final cake of frozen sludge was about 10% lower than those of unfrozen sludge, and even the cake obtained under additional 2 kgf/cm2 pressure may burn without auxiliary fuel. In addition, the mechanism responsible for the sludge dewatering was also examined.
Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents Show Superiority to Balloon Angioplasty and Bare Metal Stents in Femoropopliteal Disease (2011)

Femoropopliteal peripheral artery disease treatment with the paclitaxel-eluting stent was associated with superior 12-month outcomes compared with PTA and provisional BMS placement.
Comparative Analysis of Subtyping Methods against a Whole-Genome-Sequencing Standard for Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis (2014)

A retrospective investigation was performed to evaluate whole-genome sequencing as a benchmark for comparing molecular subtyping methods for Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis and survey the population structure of commonly encountered S. enterica serotype Enteritidis outbreak isolates in the United States. A total of 52 S. enterica serotype Enteritidis isolates representing 16 major outbreaks and three sporadic cases collected between 2001 and 2012 were sequenced and subjected to subtyping by four different methods: (i) whole-genome single-nucleotide-polymorphism typing (WGST), (ii) multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA), (iii) clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats combined with multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (CRISPR-MVLST), and (iv) pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). WGST resolved all outbreak clusters and provided useful robust phylogenetic inference results with high epidemiological correlation. While both MLVA and CRISPR-MVLST yielded higher discriminatory power than PFGE, MLVA outperformed the other methods in delineating outbreak clusters whereas CRISPR-MVLST showed the potential to trace major lineages and ecological origins of S. enterica serotype Enteritidis. Our results suggested that whole-genome sequencing makes a viable platform for the evaluation and benchmarking of molecular subtyping methods.
Replacement of imidazoles by azide at an iron(III) porphyrin center: part 1 replacement of N-methylimidazole in bis-(N-methylimidazole)tetraphenylporphyrinato iron(III) (2010)

Abstract Addition of tetra-n-butylammonium azide to acetone solutions of the tetraphenylporphyrinato iron(III) complex [Fe(TPP)(MeIm)2]+ formed in situ from the reaction of N-methylimidazole and [Fe(TPP)N3] afforded equilibrium amounts of [Fe(TPP)(MeIm)2]+ and [Fe(TPP)(MeIm)N3]. Equilibrium experiments made using a range of known concentrations of added tetra-n-butylammonium azide and N-methylimidazole using stopped-flow apparatus gave an estimate of about 50 for the equilibrium constant for the formation of [Fe(TPP)(MeIm)N3] from the addition of azide to [Fe(TPP)(MeIm)2]+. Kinetic studies indicated that the substitution of azide ion by N-methylimidazole is a dissociative process, and the results were interpreted using a stationary state approach in which [Fe(TPP)(MeIm)]+ was the transient intermediate that discriminated in favor of the reaction with azide as opposed to the reaction with N-methylimidazole by about a factor of two. Loss of N-methylimidazole from [Fe(TPP)(MeIm)2]+ is at least 50 times faster than that from the product [Fe(TPP)(MeIm)N3]. Using calculated values of free azide concentrations from experimentally determined ion-pair formation constants led to success in rationalizing results obtained under different conditions. Keywords: Azide N-methylimidazoleTetraphenylporphyriniron(III)[Fe(TPP)(MeIm)2]+ [Fe(TPP)(MeIm)N3]Ion-pair formationStopped-flow Acknowledgments JGJ gratefully acknowledges the support from the University of Ulster, and a joint NATO grant with Professor Dwight A. Sweigart, Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA, and also many fruitful discussions. JMcK acknowledges the receipt of a quota award from the Department of Education for Northern Ireland and a grant to visit Professor Sweigart's laboratory.
Crystallization of polycarbonate in solvent/nonsolvent system and its application to high‐density polyethylene composite as a filler (2013)

Crystallization of polycarbonate (PC) was attempted by a precipitated method in a ternary system of PC/solvent/nonsolvent. Chloroform was used as a solvent, and isopropanol was used as a nonsolvent. Crystallization of PC was clearly observed as a powdery state when chloroform/isopropanol mixtures were prepared by 68/32 and 61/39 vol%. Crystallinity of PC was evaluated by differential scanning calorimeter and X‐ray diffractometer. As the difference of solubility parameters between PC and binary solvent/nonsolvent mixtures became smaller, the relative crystallinity of PC was increased. The highest degree of PC crystallization was obtained when chloroform/isopropanol was mixed by 61/39 vol%. Subsequently, crystallized PC was used as a filler to high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composite. HDPE composite incorporated by crystallized PC filler improved its mechanical and thermal properties. Flexural modulus was increased from 620 to 990 N/mm 2 , and flexural strength was increased from 720 to 1080 N/mm 2 . And heat deflection temperature measurement and flammability test supported the enhancement of thermal property when crystallized PC was added to HDPE composite up to 40 wt%. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1893–1899, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Evaluation of multielement catheter‐cooled interstitial ultrasound applicators for high‐temperature thermal therapy (2001)

Catheter-cooled (CC) interstitial ultrasound applicators were evaluated for their use in high-temperature coagulative thermal therapy of tissue. Studies in ex vivo beef muscle were conducted to determine the influences of applied electrical power levels (5-20 W per element), catheter flow rate (20-60 ml min(-1)), circulating water temperature (7-40 degrees C), and frequency (7-9 MHz) on temperature distribution and thermal lesion geometry. The feasibility of using multiple interstitial applicators to thermally coagulate a predetermined volume of tissue was also investigated. Results of these studies revealed that the directional shape of the thermal lesions is maintained with increasing time and power. Radial depths of the thermal lesions ranged from 10.7 +/- 0.7 mm after heating for 4 min with an applied power level of 5 W, to 16.2 +/- 1.4 mm with 20 W. The axial length of the thermal lesions is controlled tightly by the number of active transducers. A catheter flow rate of 20 to 40 ml min(-1) (52.2 +/- 5.5 kPa at 40 ml min(-1)) with 22 degrees C water was determined to provide sufficient cooling of the transducers for power levels used in this study. In vivo temperatures measured in the center of a 3-cm-diam peripheral implant of four applicators in pig thigh muscle reached 89.3 degrees C after 4 min of heating, with boundaries of coagulation clearly defined by applicator position and directivity. Conformability of heating in a clinically relevant model was demonstrated by inserting two directional CC applicators with a 2 cm separation within an in vivo canine prostate, and generating a thermal lesion measuring 3.8 cm x 2.2 cm in cross section while directing energy away from, and protecting the rectum. Maximum measured temperatures at midgland exceeded 90 degrees C within 20 min of heating. The results of this study demonstrate the utility of single or multiple CC applicators for conformal thermal coagulation and high temperature thermal therapy, with potential for clinical applications in sites such as prostate, liver, breast, or uterus.
Towards cyclic fabrication systems for modular robotics and rapid manufacturing (2009)

A cyclic fabrication system (CFS) is a network of materials, tools, and manufacturing processes that can produce all or most of its constituent components. This paper proposes an architecture for a robotic CFS based on modular components. The proposed system is intended to self-replicate via producing necessary components for replica devices. Some design challenges unique to self-replicating machines are discussed. Results from several proof-of-principle experiments are presented, including a manipulator designed to handle and assemble modules of the same type it is constructed from, a DC brush motor fabricated largely from raw materials, and basic manufacturing tools made with a simple CFS.
An Efficient Synthesis of Achiral and Chiral 1,2,4-Triazolium Salts:  Bench Stable Precursors for N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (2005)

[reaction: see text] The promising utility of triazolyl N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts in umpolung aldehyde chemistry requires a straightforward reliable synthesis from readily available materials. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a variety of triazolyl N-heterocyclic carbene precursors. The reactions commence from commercially available amino acids and proceed in 44-68% overall yields. The N-heterocyclic salts are air-stable crystalline solids that can be stored with no special precaution and can generate the active catalyst when treated with an appropriate base.
<p>Functionalized Graphene Nanoparticles Induce Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Express Distinct Extracellular Matrix Proteins Mediating Osteogenesis</p> (2020)

Understanding the cell-graphene interactions resulting in an osteogenic niche for MSCs will significantly improve the application of graphene nanoparticles in bone repair and regeneration.
Structure and Bonding in Fluorinated Nanodiamond (2009)

We report on a combined investigation of the structure and chemical bonding in fluorinated detonation nanodiamond by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman measurements. The results of these methods are found to be consistent with each other and evidence formation of different fluorocarbon groups on the nanodiamond surface, which substitutes for hydrocarbon and hydroxyl groups. The data obtained provide detailed information about the structure and bonding in the fluorinated diamond nanoparticle. The fluorinated sample has a significant number of paramagnetic defects (∼1020 spin/g) located mainly near the surface of the diamond nanoparticle, resulting in fast 19F and 13C nuclear spin−lattice relaxation.
Discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms and mutations by Pyrosequencing (2002)

Comparative genomics, analyzing variation among individual genomes, is an area of intense investigation. DNA sequencing is usually employed to look for polymorphisms and mutations. Pyrosequencing, a real-time DNA sequencing method, is emerging as a popular platform for comparative genomics. Here we review the use of this technology for mutation scanning, polymorphism discovery and chemical haplotyping. We describe the methodology and accuracy of this technique and discuss how to reduce the cost for large-scale analysis.
Effects of Rat Growth Hormone (rGH)-Releasing Factor and Somatostatin on the Release and Synthesis of rGH in Dispersed Pituitary Cells* (1985)

The effects of rat hypothalamic GH-releasing factor (GRF) and somatostatin (SRIF) on the release and biosynthesis of rat GH were studied by RIA and quantitative immunoprecipitation using monolayer cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells. In kinetic studies, GRF stimulation of GH release appeared at the first sampling time (20-min incubation) and the effect began to diminish after 2-h incubation with GRF. On the other hand, total (cell plus medium) content of GH significantly increased only after 24-h incubation. To examine the GH-synthesizing effect of GRF more directly, newly synthesized GH labeled by [35S]methionine during incubation with GRF was quantified by immunoprecipitation. The amount of immunoprecipitable GH increased significantly and specifically (compared with the total amount of labeled proteins) also only after 24-h incubation. When GH pools were labeled with [35S]methionine under different schedules, the basal release of newly synthesized GH, which was labeled for 1 h immediately before chase incubation was lower during the first 15 min than stored GH which had been labeled earlier. Basal newly synthesized GH secretion exceeded stored GH secretion after 30 min. GRF stimulated the release of GH from both pools but the stimulation of stored GH was greater. In this system, SRIF suppressed both the basal and stimulated release of GH but did not modify GH biosynthesis under either condition. Newly synthesized GH showed significant degradation during 24-h incubation; neither GRF nor SRIF affected the rate of GH degradation during the same incubation period. These results indicate that 1) GRF stimulates both release and synthesis of GH; 2) these two effects have different kinetics and different sensitivities to SRIF; and 3) GRF stimulates the release of GH from heterogeneous pools disproportionally.
Risk factor analysis of 167 patients with high myopia. (2010)

Female maybe a risk factor of high myopia, advanced age is an important factor of visual acuity decreased. High myopes ought to be treated early to delay the progress of myopia and development of macular degeneration.
Six- and Twelve-Month Results From First Human Experience Using Everolimus-Eluting Stents With Bioabsorbable Polymer (2004)

In this initial clinical experience, EES with bioabsorbable polymer demonstrated a safe and efficacious method to reduce in-stent neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis.