gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and Properties of the Catalase of Bakers' Yeast (1973)

Catalase from bakers' yeast has been purified to homogeneity in the analytical ultracentrifuge and in gel electrophoresis; sedimentation measurements permit an estimation of its molecular weight as 248,000. Under denaturing conditions, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed dissociation of a major component of molecular weight 61,000, which constituted 90% of the total protein of the stained gel, suggesting that the native enzyme is tetrameric. The iron content was 0.096%, corresponding to a subunit molecular weight of 58,000. Specific activity was high (Kat. f. = 66,000); catalytic and spectroscopic properties were similar to those of catalases from other species. The enzyme is present in commercial yeast and in a variety of haploid and diploid wild type strains.
Contributions of Epi-, Endo- and Myocardium to the Body Surface Potential (2007)

The contribution of the epi-and endocardial as well as the myocardial electrical activity to the body surface potential was investigated in this study. A volume conductor including a realistic anisotropic ventricular model was built up and the forward problem of electrocardiography was solved for four different rhythms, in order to quantitatively describe the cardiac electrical contribution of each compartment of the heart. The results show, that the body surface potentials depend to a high degree on the epi-and endocardial electrical spread of excitation during the depolarization phase, whereas the influence of myocardial activity is more pronounced during repolarization. These findings indicate that the depolarization phase can be approximated by cardiac isotropic electrical.
Monolayer anthracene and anthraquinone modified electrodes as platforms for Trametes hirsuta laccase immobilisation (2010)

Surface modification techniques are essential to the construction of enzyme based elements of biofuel cells and biosensors. In this article we report on the preparation and characterisation of modified carbon electrodes which were used as supports for the immobilisation of laccase from Trametes hirsuta. The electrodes were electrochemically modified with diamine or diazonium linkers followed by attachment of either anthracene or anthraquinone head groups using solid phase chemical methodology. These well defined surfaces were found to effectively bind laccase and to provide direct electrical contact to the enzyme active site, as evidenced by XPS, EIS and voltammetry, respectively. The influence of the type of linker and head group on enzyme binding and bioelectrocatalytic activity are evaluated.
Climatology of Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Winds in the Southeast Asian Region Using the Deviation Angle Variance (2022)

A wind radii model using the deviation angle variance technique was applied to 523 tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Western North Pacific region from 1998 to 2018. The model, which uses high resolution satellite cloud images, was used to investigate the impact of the 34-, 50- and 64-kt winds from landfalling TCs. The wind impact analysis showed that the regions most exposed to TC tracks of Taiwan and the Philippines experienced 34-kt winds annually, and that these winds extended far into the mainland (up to approximately 500 km). The 50- and 64-kt winds occurred less frequently along the length of the Philippines but only extended down to the center of Vietnam and reached around 100 to 200 km inland
Introduction (2018)

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book focuses on some of the main accounts of the human subject and on the conceptions of art and language which emerge within the Kantian and post-Kantian history of aesthetics. It discusses the work of two of the founding figures of aesthetics: Alexander Baumgarten and J.G. Hamann. Baumgarten's Aesthetica and Hamann's Aesthetica in nuce, begin to suggest what is at stake in the emergence of aesthetics as an independent branch of philosophy. The book describes the story of modernity told by the proponents of the 'postmodern condition', like Jean-François Lyotard, has its roots in the work of Heidegger. It also describes the power of Heidegger's ideas is evident in the way they have influenced many contemporary theories of modernity.
Axillary Nerve (1990)

This syndrome, which occurs infrequently, is caused by compression of the posterior humeral circumflex artery and the axillary nerve occurring in the quadrilateral space. It is described as being one of the causes of failure in the treatment of the thoracic outlet syndrome. It is said to occur most frequently in the dominant extremity.
Select procyanidins prime the γδ T cell by modulating transcriptome degradation (134.88) (2009)

Abstract Tannins from many plant-derived traditional medicines demonstrate immune regulatory activity. Recently, we reported that condensed tannins (procyanidins) isolated from a select number of traditional medicines act as γδ T cell agonists. γδ T cells play an important role in mucosal immunity by regulating the mucosal immune response and maintaining epithelial health. Procyanidins induce a priming state on the γδ T cell, thus improving its ability to quickly respond to secondary stimuli. This priming state is characterized, in part, by an increased half-life of select transcripts in the γδ T cell relevant to innate immunity. This increase in transcript half-life could enable the cell to more quickly produce appropriate immune responses to secondary stimuli. Previously we reported that oligomeric procyanidin fractions, but not monomeric procyanidins, act as γδ T cell agonists. We have further defined the activity of different sizes of procyanidins. The tetrameric and pentameric procyanidins from apple peel have greater specificity for γδ T cells, whereas larger oligomers demonstrate less specificity. Our results suggest procyanidins with specific oligomeric structures prime γδ T cells by stabilizing transcripts with critical functions in innate immunity. Funded by: NIH/ NIAID Contract HHSN266200400009/N01-AI40009 and NCCAM P01 AT004986-01
A Phase II Trial of 17-Allylamino-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin in Patients with Hormone-Refractory Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2008)

17-AAG did not show any activity with regard to PSA response. Due to insufficient PSA response, enrollment was stopped at the end of first stage per study design. The most significant severe toxicity was grade 3 fatigue. Further evaluation of 17-AAG at a dose of 300 mg/m2 i.v. weekly as a single agent in patients with metastatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer who received at least one prior systemic therapy is not warranted.
Heterogeneity in Outcome Reporting in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Reconstruction: A Systematic Review (2020)

<b>Objective</b> Presently, there are no standards for reporting outcomes of endoscopic endonasal skull base reconstruction (ESBR). This is problematic as a lack of consistent reporting makes synthesizing findings in systematic reviews and meta-analysis challenging. Thus, the aim of this study was to systematically review and describe the patterns of reporting outcomes in ESBR as a foundation for developing reporting guidelines. <b>Study Design</b> Present study is a systematic review. <b>Methods</b> Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for all publications with ≥25 patients and a focus on ESBR. The reporting patterns of each study's variables and outcomes were assessed. <b>Results</b> A total of 112 studies were included in the review. The most commonly reported demographic variables were the number of included patients ( <i>n</i> = 112, 100%) and types of pathologies treated ( <i>n</i> = 104, 92.9%). Meanwhile, the most routinely described preoperative variable was history of prior treatment ( <i>n</i> = 48, 42.9%). Type of reconstruction was a commonly reported intraoperative variable ( <i>n</i> = 110, 98.2%), though the rate of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak was noted in only 76 studies (67.9%). With regard to postoperative outcomes, postoperative CSF leak rate was routinely provided ( <i>n</i> = 101, 90.2%), but reporting of other surgical complications was more inconsistent. Ultimately, of the 43 variables and outcomes reviewed, a median of 12 (range: 4-22) was reported in each study. <b>Conclusion</b> There is significant heterogeneity in the outcomes reported in studies relating to ESBR. This highlights the need for the development of standard reporting guidelines to minimize bias and improve interstudy comparability.
Franz Volhard in historical perspective. (1993)

was the dominant German clinician in the first half of this century.His work placed the classification of renal disease on a firm, pathologically oriented footing and gave the syndrome of uremia meaning in terms of not only renal dysfunction but also with respect to the participation of other organ systems.Furthermore, Volhard elucidated the pathogenesis of hypertension and stimulated important research.George Pickering and Irvine Page, both critical and discerning individuals who did not dispense praise lightly, recognized the contributions and qualities of Franz Volhard."If I had to pick one person as having been the most influential in developing the field (ie, hypertension), I would without hesitation select Franz Volhard," Page wrote. 1 "He had an engaging 'Falstaffian' sense of humor, perceptiveness, and ample common sense," Pickering noted. 2 Volhard the ManVolhard was born in 1872 in Munich and attended school in Erlangen and Halle, where his father was professor of chemistry.He had a rich and varied education that included a solid background in literature and music.Before graduating from high school, he creditably performed the Mendelssohn violin concerto and continued to participate in amateur performances all his life.Music was a passion for Volhard's entire family, and his wife and 10 children commanded a variety of instruments.Volhard studied medicine in Bonn, Strasbourg, and Halle.His teachers included Pfliiger, Naunyn, Schmiedeberg, and von Mering.He completed his dissertation on the pathology of eclampsia and subsequently worked in the pathology department of Hansemann in Berlin.This experience was to influence him for the rest of his life.He took up a career in internal medicine by chance, in that the department chairman, Rieger in Giessen, was the only chairman who would allow him to marry.In Giessen he identified and characterized gastric lipase and published a series of investigations qualifying him for faculty rank (Habilitation).Volhard developed an even keener interest in cardiology.He performed a series of studies to characterize the arterial and venous pulses.He noted greatly increased parasystolic venous pressure in patients with pericarditis.These observations, coupled with experi-
Thrombotic microangiopathies: new insights and new challenges (2010)

As the underlying disease mechanisms of TMA are now being better understood new options for a more precise diagnosis, improved therapy and prognosis for kidney transplantation become available for the benefit of patients. Here we summarize the recent developments in this rapidly progressing field.
Adsorption and Sustained Release of Insulin from Zinc Hydroxyapatite Microparticle with Poly (Lactic Acid) Coating (2008)

Insulin delivery carriers using low crystalline porous zinc hydroxyapatite (ZnHAp) microparticles with different crystal sizes and novel formulation method of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) have been developed to achieve the sustained-release of insulin. The adsorption isotherm curves of insulin dissolved into acetic acid of pH4.5 onto ZnHAp nanocrystals show non-Langmuir type due to the dissolution of the ZnHAp microparticles; the adsorption amounts were increased with the increase of crystalline sizes. The PLA formulation, coating the outer layer of microparticles, showed the apparent reduction of initial burst for insulin. The amounts of initial release of insulin decreased with the increase of crystalline sizes of ZnHAp, which could be attributed to the different meso-porous structure depending on its crystal sizes.
“Fairest of them all” for myelodysplastic syndromes (2007)

Several therapeutic options are now available for patients with low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
Biofuels and Their Production Through Different Catalytic Routes (2017)

This paper presents a review of the literature available on biofuels production through different chemical catalytic routes. Biofuels are promising alternative to the fast-depleting fossil fuel and oil reserves. In consideration of the existing environmental issues, such as greenhouse effect and global warming, researchers are now interested in biofuels production from biomass. Biofuels are produced from renewable and sustainable bioresources, which are available globally in the form of residual agricultural biomass and wastes. However, the biofuels production process through chemical transformation could be very expensive and uneconomical for large-scale commercial supply. Hence, there is a continuous need for improvisation on the research on this topic. This review broadly describes the different types of biofuels and the processes for their production through catalytic routes.
Convective blueshifts in the solar atmosphere (2018)

Context. The solar convection manifests as granulation and intergranulation at the solar surface. In the photosphere, convective motions induce differential Doppler shifts to spectral lines. The observed convective blueshift varies across the solar disk. Aim. We focus on the impact of solar convection on the atmosphere and aim to resolve its velocity stratification in the photosphere. Methods. We performed high-resolution spectroscopic observations of the solar spectrum in the 6302 Å range with the Laser Absolute Reference Spectrograph at the Vacuum Tower Telescope. A laser frequency comb enabled the calibration of the spectra to an absolute wavelength scale with an accuracy of 1 m s −1 . We systematically scanned the quiet Sun from the disk center to the limb at ten selected heliocentric positions. The analysis included 99 time sequences of up to 20 min in length. By means of ephemeris and reference corrections, we translated wavelength shifts into absolute line-of-sight velocities. A bisector analysis on the line profiles yielded the shapes and convective shifts of seven photospheric lines. Results. At the disk center, the bisector profiles of the iron lines feature a pronounced C-shape with maximum convective blueshifts of up to −450 m s −1 in the spectral line wings. Toward the solar limb, the bisectors change into a “\”-shape with a saturation in the line core at a redshift of +100 m s −1 . The center-to-limb variation of the line core velocities shows a slight increase in blueshift when departing the disk center for larger heliocentric angles. This increase in blueshift is more pronounced for the magnetically less active meridian than for the equator. Toward the solar limb, the blueshift decreases and can turn into a redshift. In general, weaker lines exhibit stronger blueshifts. Conclusions. Best spectroscopic measurements enabled the accurate determination of absolute convective shifts in the solar photosphere. We convolved the results to lower spectral resolution to permit a comparison with observations from other instruments.
VHL status regulates transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways in renal cell carcinoma (2018)

// Pramod Mallikarjuna 1, * , Raviprakash T. Sitaram 1, 2, * , Mar&eacute;ne Landstr&ouml;m 1, ** and B&ouml;rje Ljungberg 2, ** 1 Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Ume&aring; University, Ume&aring; SE-90187, Sweden 2 Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Ume&aring; University, Ume&aring; SE-90187, Sweden * These authors have contributed equally to this work as first author ** These authors have contributed equally to this work as last author Correspondence to: Raviprakash T. Sitaram, email: RAVIPRAKASH@UMU.SE Keywords: ccRCC; non-ccRCC; ALK5; pVHL; TGF-&beta; signaling Received: November 16, 2017&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Accepted: February 27, 2018&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Published: March 27, 2018 ABSTRACT To evaluate the role of pVHL in the regulation of TGF-&beta; signaling pathways in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) as well as in non-ccRCC; the expression of pVHL, and the TGF-&beta; pathway components and their association with clinicopathological parameters and patient&rsquo;s survival were explored. Tissue samples from 143 ccRCC and 58 non-ccRCC patients were examined by immunoblot. ccRCC cell lines were utilized for mechanistic in-vitro studies. Expression levels of pVHL were significantly lower in ccRCC compared with non-ccRCC. Non-ccRCC and ccRCC pVHL-High expressed similar levels of pVHL. Expression of the TGF-&beta; type I receptor (ALK5) and intra-cellular domain were significantly higher in ccRCC compared with non-ccRCC. In non-ccRCC, expressions of ALK5-FL, ALK5-ICD, pSMAD2/3, and PAI-1 had no association with clinicopathological parameters and survival. In ccRCC pVHL-Low, ALK5-FL, ALK5-ICD, pSMAD2/3, and PAI-1 were significantly related with tumor stage, size, and survival. In ccRCC pVHL-High, the expression of PAI-1 was associated with stage and survival. In-vitro studies revealed that pVHL interacted with ALK5 to downregulate its expression through K48-linked poly-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus negatively controlling TGF-&beta; induced cancer cell invasiveness. The pVHL status controls the ALK5 and can thereby regulate the TGF-&beta; pathway, aggressiveness of tumors, and survival of the ccRCC and non-ccRCC patients.
Genetic linkage between hereditary hemochromatosis and HLA. (1979)

A large Mormon pedigree of a proband with hemochromatosis was studied, using transferrin saturation as the quantitative phenotypic trait. The analysis indicated that the inheritance of hemochromatosis was recessive, with partial expression in some heterozygotes. The lod score of 6.88 (theta = .0) was strongly indicative of linkage between the hemochromatosis locus and the human major histocompatibility (HLA) loci.
Elaborating Two Issues Regarding Constructivism (2004)

This paper seeks to address two critical issues regarding constructivism. First, it elaborates on the term structure, which is one of the most critical concepts in constructivism, yet stil l remains elusive. To do this, it relies on Emile Durkheim's insight. Second, r challenge the critics of constructivism. In particular, these critics contend that constructivism does not engage in science. Here I attempt to demonstrate that this contention is inappropriate. To do this, r provide a discussion of two varying philosophies of science, empiricism and scientific realism, which have dissimilar views about what might be called the theory of science. . . . . . . . .
Balloon Angioplasty versus Implantation of Nitinol Stents in the Superficial Femoral Artery (2006)

In the intermediate term, treatment of superficial-femoral-artery disease by primary implantation of a self-expanding nitinol stent yielded results that were superior to those with the currently recommended approach of balloon angioplasty with optional secondary stenting. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00281060.).
ChemInform Abstract: Rovibrational Excitation of Nitric Oxide in the Reaction of O2 with Metastable Atomic Nitrogen. (1989)

Abstract Using the technique of low‐pressure IR chemiluminescence the vibrational and rotational excitation of NO(X 2π), formed in the reactions of N(2D,2P) with O 2 near 100 K, is investigated.
Formate Brines and their Crystallization Temperatures - New Insight into Fluid Behavior and Measuring Methodology (2015)

Abstract Ever since formate brines were introduced in the oilfield in the 90's, test laboratories have struggled to determine their True Crystallization Temperature (TCT). The standard API procedure for measuring TCT in oilfield brines simply does not work in formate brines, and it is quite common to see TCT values reported as “too low to measure” even in cases where reference to other studies suggests that the TCT should be well within the measureable limit of the equipment. Factors that complicate the TCT measurements in formate brines are: a) the TCT values can be very low, and may be lower than the cooling capabilities of the measuring equipment, b) an enormous amount of supercooling, and c) the existence of metastable potassium formate crystals that form in formate brines that are rich in potassium formate. A long-term research program has been aimed at understanding the unusual TCT behavior of potassium formate brine and developing a method to measure the TCT of all formate brines. This research program has delivered an accurate TCT determination procedure for formate brines that is simple, efficient, and involves no specialized equipment. The researchers found that special crystal seeding procedures were needed to get accurate TCT measurements in formate brines. Intelligent crystal seeding eliminates the TCT measurement problems caused by the formation of metastable phase crystals and supercooling. In addition to full description of an accurate TCT measurement method for formate brines, this paper presents a complete set of TCT values for sodium, potassium, and cesium formate single salt brines and some cesium/potassium formate blends.
The Amino-terminal Immunoglobulin-like Domain of Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule Binds Specifically to the Membrane-proximal Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-rich Domain of CD6 with a 1:1 Stoichiometry (1996)

Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) was recently identified as a ligand for CD6, a signaling receptor expressed on T cells, a subset of B cells, and some cells in the brain. Receptor-ligand binding assays, antibody blocking experiments, and examination of the tissue distribution of these two cell surface proteins suggest that CD6-ALCAM interactions play an important role in mediating the binding of thymocytes to thymic epithelial cells and of T cells to activated leukocytes. Presently, the details of CD6-ALCAM interactions and of signaling through CD6 are unknown. A series of truncated human ALCAM and CD6 immunoglobulin fusion proteins were produced and tested in different binding assays to analyze ALCAM-CD6 interactions in more detail. In this study, we report that the amino-terminal Ig-like domain of human ALCAM specifically binds to the third membrane-proximal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain of human CD6. Using thrombin-cleaved Ig fusion proteins containing single or multiple ALCAM or CD6 domains, we were able to determine that the stoichiometry of the interaction between the amino-terminal ALCAM domains and the membrane-proximal CD6 SRCR domain is 1:1. These results provide the first example of an Ig-like domain mediating an interaction with an SRCR domain.
Knowledge Spaces (2011)

Research into the opportunities offered by electronic media, as regards finding and acquiring knowledge, together with the development of new teaching and learning methods for the field of art and culture is the focus of the work being carried out by the Media Arts Research Studies (MARS) research group at the Fraunhofer Institute for Media Communication. This chapter illustrates the requirements on electronic and digital media concepts in the context of e-learning, using the very latest developments and experience in this sector as examples. In the broadest sense, the aim is to visualise information and create networked “knowledge spaces” which are accessible to users as new forms of teaching and learning through play. Experimental methods, tools and interfaces that support communication between the digital and physical spaces and investigate new forms of knowledge retrieval are being developed and tested.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.