gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implication of Complex Vertebral Malformation and Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency DNA-Based Testing on Disease Frequency in the Holstein Population (2008)

Two inherited lethal disorders, bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) and complex vertebral malformation (CVM), play a major role in breeding of Holstein cattle. Both inherited diseases are based on single nucleotide polymorphisms that have been known for 12 and 7 yr, respectively. A total of 25,753 cattle were genotyped for BLAD (18,200 tests) and CVM (14,493 tests) in our laboratory since the beginning of the genotyping programs for these diseases. Based on founder effects, the CVM mutation is thought to be linked to milk production. The BLAD was genotyped using RFLP until 2001; then a fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay on a LightCycler was used, as for CVM genotyping. By using single nucleotide polymorphism-aided breeding, the allelic frequency of the BLAD and CVM mutations in the active sire population was reduced from 9.4% in 1997 to 0.3% in 2007 (BLAD) and from 8.3% in 2002 to 2.3% in 2007 (CVM), with calculated half-life of the mutant allele of 2.1 yr for BLAD and 3.6 yr for CVM. An observed increase of BLAD frequency in 1999 could be attributed to the massive use of a BLAD-positive sire tested falsely negative in another laboratory. These data show that marker-assisted selection is capable of substantially reducing the frequency of a mutation within a period of not more than 5 yr. The different selection strategies against the lethal recessive allele in CVM and BLAD are reflected in the different reduction rates of the specific allele frequencies.
Adaptación de asignaturas del Máster en Ciencia de Materiales a la modalidad de enseñanza semi-presencial (2020)

El proyecto de esta red titulado “Adaptación de asignaturas del máster en Ciencia de Materiales a la modalidad semipresencial” ha pretendido iniciar la reflexión sobre la posibilidad de reducir la presencialidad en la docencia del máster en Ciencia de Materiales, con la finalidad de facilitar que los alumnos puedan compaginar mejor los estudios de este máster con otras actividades. En un primer paso, se ha planteado planificar la docencia de tres asignaturas del máster (una del módulo fundamental y dos optativas) en forma semipresencial. De este modo, si esta nueva metodología es bien aceptada, podría plantearse su extensión al resto de asignaturas. Las asignaturas seleccionadas para este estudio son: “Técnicas de caracterización I: Dispersión de rayos X, neutrones y electrones. Microscopias”; “Materiales compuestos”; e “Introducción a la ciencia y tecnología de los materiales de carbón”. La adaptación de los métodos didácticos de estas asignaturas a la docencia semipresencial implica la preparación y selección de una serie de materiales adicionales a los que se han usado habitualmente. Con el fin de valorar el interés de los alumnos por esta posible modificación de la metodología de docencia en el Máster en Ciencia de Materiales, en el curso actual se realizó una encuesta a los alumnos del mismo. Los resultados de ésta indican que la incorporación de la docencia semipresencial sería una iniciativa bien recibida por el alumnado.
Pseudorotaxanes and Rotaxanes Incorporating Cycloheptatrienyl Stations − Synthesis and Co-Conformation (2001)

Novel [2]rotaxanes containing the tetracationic cyclophane cyclobis(paraquat-4,4′-biphenylene), linked mechanically to a dumbbell-shaped molecular thread incorporating a pair of diaryl cycloheptatriene units, have been synthesised in moderate yields of up to 35% by the acylative endcapping method, with the use of either bulky acyl chlorides or isocyanates. The pseudorotaxanes formed by the threading of the electron-rich molecular threads through the tetracationic ring were characterised by 1H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The nonplanar, boat-shaped cycloheptatriene rings do not hamper the threading process. According to the 1H NMR spectra, the tetracationic ring undergoes a fast shuttling process between the two cycloheptatriene stations in the rotaxanes. The unexpected signal dispersion of the cyclophane proton resonances is attributable to the existence of two diastereomeric rotaxanes. It was shown that interaction between the recognition sites is strongly influenced by the substitution pattern on the seven-membered ring; the interaction between the electron-deficient ring and a 1,3-diaryl-2,4,6-cycloheptatriene unit is much stronger than that with the regioisomeric 1,4-disubstituted pendant moiety.
Low-cost quantum circuits for classically intractable instances of the Hamiltonian dynamics simulation problem (2019)

Abstract We develop circuit implementations for digital-level quantum Hamiltonian dynamics simulation algorithms suitable for implementation on a reconfigurable quantum computer, such as trapped ions. Our focus is on the codesign of a problem, its solution, and quantum hardware capable of executing the solution at the minimal cost expressed in terms of the quantum computing resources used, while demonstrating the solution of an instance of a scientifically interesting problem that is intractable classically. The choice for Hamiltonian dynamics simulation is due to the combination of its usefulness in the study of equilibrium in closed quantum mechanical systems, a low cost in the implementation by quantum algorithms, and the difficulty of classical simulation. By targeting a specific type of quantum computer and tailoring the problem instance and solution to suit physical constraints imposed by the hardware, we are able to reduce the resource counts by a factor of 10 in a physical-level implementation and a factor of 30–60 in a fault-tolerant implementation over state-of-the-art.
Ultrastructural Location of Extracellular Matrix Components in the Optic Nerve Head (1989)

The distributions of laminin and collagen types I through V were determined in optic nerve heads of cynomolgus monkeys using colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy. Collagen types I and III localized to striated collagen fibrils in arterial walls throughout the optic nerve head and to fibrils comprising the core of the lamina cribrosa beams and optic nerve septa. Collagen type IV and laminin localized to basement membranes of all blood vessels and to basement membranes of astrocytes that lie between the laminar beams and line the optic nerve septa and pia mater. Collagen type V was detected both in striated collagen fibrils and in vascular and astrocyte basement membranes. These results provide a detailed understanding of the optic nerve head extracellular matrix distribution and illustrate a sensitive method for future study of its role in glaucomatous optic nerve damage.
A 162 Mbit/s variable length decoding circuit using an adaptive tree search technique (2002)

A high-speed Huffman decoder for real-time video applications has been developed. The most dominant part of MPEG video bit-stream, DCT coefficients, can be decoded in 4 cycles or less using the proposed circuit, while the table size is smaller than the case of the conventional binary search. Bit-streams can be decoded up to 6 bit/cycle, which enables 162 Mbit/s decoding at 27 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quantification and Modeling of Spectral and Angular Losses of Naturally Soiled PV Modules (2015)

Spectral and angle of incidence (AOI) losses on naturally soiled crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules have been investigated in this study. The test modules designated as “moderately soiled (3 g/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> )” and “heavily soiled (74.6 g/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> )” showed short-circuit current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sc</sub> ) losses of about 10% and 41%, respectively. The spectral reflectance and quantum efficiency (QE) losses were also quantitatively determined. In the wavelength range of 350-1100 nm, the average reflectance of moderately and heavily soiled modules increased (as compared with the clean surface) by 58.4% and 87.2%, respectively. In the moderately soiled module, the 26.3% (average) reduction in QE is mainly because of 23% of absorption and 5.5% of reflection in the dust. In the highly soiled module, the 75.3% (average) reduction in QE is mainly because of 62% of absorption and 31% of reflection in the dust particles. It is also seen that the typical critical AOI of 57° for cleaned PV modules decreased to 38° for the moderately soiled module and 20° for the heavily soiled module. This influence is crucial for fixed tilt modules as they experience a wide range of AOI during daily operation, and a significant fraction of energy is generated at higher AOIs.
The Activation-induced Deaminase Functions in a Postcleavage Step of the Somatic Hypermutation Process (2002)

Activation of B cells by antigen fuels two distinct molecular modifications of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes. Class-switch recombination (CSR) replaces the Ig(mu) heavy chain constant region with a downstream constant region gene, thereby altering the effector function of the resulting antibodies. Somatic hypermutation (SHM) introduces point mutations into the variable regions of Ig genes, thereby changing the affinity of antibody for antigen. Mechanistic overlap between the two reactions has been suggested by the finding that both require the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). It has been proposed that AID initiates both CSR and SHM by activating a common nuclease. Here we provide evidence that cells lacking AID, or expressing a dominant negative form of the protein, are still able to incur DNA lesions in SHM target sequences. The results indicate that an intact cytidine deaminase motif is required for AID function, and that AID acts downstream of the initial DNA lesions in SHM.
Increased expression of the receptor for activation of NF-κB and decreased runt-related transcription factor 2 expression in bone of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes (2010)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with an increased risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis in humans. The effects of IDDM on osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis were investigated using diabetic rats at 2 weeks after the streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The weight of the tibia and proximal tibia and the amount of hydroxyproline and calcium in the proximal tibia were significantly lower in diabetic rats than control rats. Markers of bone formation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the number of osteoblasts in the proximal tibia and the serum osteocalcin level, were significantly lower. Markers of bone resorption, activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K and the number of osteoclasts in the proximal tibia and urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline, were higher in diabetic rats than control rats. mRNA levels of receptor for activation of NF-kappaB (RANK), c-fos, c-jun, TRAP and cathepsin K were significantly increased in diabetic rats, although RANK ligand, osteoprotegerin, macrophage colony-stimulating factor and c-fms levels were similar to the control value. The decreased expression of ALP, osteoclacin and collagen mRNA in diabetic rats was associated with decreases in the expression of Runx2, Dlx5 and osterix and an unaltered expression of bone morphogenic protein-2. The level of RANK protein increased and Runx2 protein decreased in diabetic rats. These changes in the bone of STZ-induced diabetic rats were reversed by insulin-treatment. These suggested that short-term IDDM induced upregulation of osteoclastogenesis with an increase in RANK and downregulation of osteoblastogenesis with a decrease in Runx2 in bone.
2-(3′,4′-Dimethoxybenzylidene)tetralone induces anti-breast cancer activity through microtubule stabilization and activation of reactive oxygen species (2016)

2-Benzylidene tetralone derivatives are exhibited as potent anti-breast cancer agents through microtubule stabilization and induction of apoptosis through reactive oxygen species.
Detecting Differentially Methylated Regions with Multiple Distinct Associations (2021)

<b>Aim:</b> We evaluated five methods for detecting differentially methylated regions (DMRs): DMRcate, comb-p, seqlm, GlobalP and dmrff. <b>Materials & methods:</b> We used a simulation study and real data analysis to evaluate performance. Additionally, we evaluated the use of an ancestry-matched reference cohort to estimate correlations between CpG sites in cord blood. <b>Results:</b> Several methods had inflated Type I error, which increased at more stringent significant levels. In power simulations with 1-2 causal CpG sites with the same direction of effect, dmrff was consistently among the most powerful methods. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study illustrates the need for more thorough simulation studies when evaluating novel methods. More work must be done to develop methods with well-controlled Type I error that do not require individual-level data.
Relative Efficiency of Memristive and Digital Neuromorphic Crossbars (2018)

Machine learning is becoming an increasingly large consumer of compute resources. This demand has led to interest in neuromorphic processors (NMPs) that can quickly and efficiently perform learning and inference tasks. Both analog and digital NMPs have been proposed in literature, with many papers indicating that memristor based analog designs provide significant efficiency gains over digital approaches. In this work, we use extensive SPICE simulations to compare the energy efficiency and throughput per area of basic analog and digital neuromorphic processors after architectural differences have been factored out. We find that for our test system, memristor-based analog designs offer about four times better throughput per watt for computation than digital systems and that they provide nearly ten times the throughput per area. If these designs were used in a complete system, including memory and I/O, the gains from using memristors would be small.
随钻测量(MWD)及地层评价方面的最新进展 (1995)

随着石油技术与工艺的飞速发展,新的多功能测井及测试工具,更加完善的MWD,改进的泥浆录井取样方法及CD—ROM(岩性表)相继诞生。储集层特性描述,尤其是数据采集都有了许多发展,该文从随钻地层评价(包括:电测、随钻测量、泥浆录井、小井眼评价、电缆测试、浸入与扩散、岩芯分析和岩性)八个方面的最新进展分别作了简要介绍。
Neogenin Facilitates the Induction of Hepcidin Expression by Hemojuvelin in the Liver (2016)

Hemojuvelin (HJV) regulates iron homeostasis by direct interaction with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligands to induce hepcidin expression through the BMP signaling pathway in the liver. Crystallography studies indicate that HJV can simultaneously bind to both BMP2 and the ubiquitously expressed cell surface receptor neogenin. However, the role of the neogenin-HJV interaction in the function of HJV is unknown. Here we identify a mutation in HJV that specifically lowers its interaction with neogenin. Expression of this mutant Hjv in the liver of Hjv(-/-) mice dramatically attenuated its induction of BMP signaling and hepcidin mRNA, suggesting that interaction with neogenin is critical for the iron regulatory function of HJV. Further studies revealed that neogenin co-immunoprecipitated with ALK3, an essential type-I BMP receptor for hepatic hepcidin expression. Neogenin has also been shown to facilitate the cleavage of HJV by furin in transfected cells. Surprisingly, although cleavage of HJV by furin has been implicated in the regulation of HJV function in cell culture models and furin-cleaved soluble Hjv is detectable in the serum of mice, mutating the furin cleavage site did not alter the stimulation of hepcidin expression by Hjv in mice. In vivo studies validated the important role of HJV-BMP interaction for Hjv stimulation of BMP signaling and hepcidin expression. Together these data support a model in which neogenin acts as a scaffold to facilitate assembly of the HJV·BMP·BMP receptor complex to induce hepcidin expression.
Structure and Function of the Somatosensory System: A Neurotoxicological Perspective (1982)

The somatosensory system comprises those elements of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) subserving the modalities of touch, vibration, temperature, pain and kinesthesia. Specific modalities can be associated with unique peripheral receptors, peripheral axons of stereotyped diameter and specific central projection pathways. Several features of the somatosensory system render regions of it vulnerable to a wide variety of toxicants. The present report highlights these features and , furthermore, suggests that analysis of these regions is invaluable in studying the three most common varieties of toxic neuropathy: toxic distal axonopathy, toxic myelinopathy and toxic sensory neuronopathy.
4,6-α-Glucanotransferase, a Novel Enzyme That Structurally and Functionally Provides an Evolutionary Link between Glycoside Hydrolase Enzyme Families 13 and 70 (2011)

Lactobacillus reuteri 121 uses the glucosyltransferase A (GTFA) enzyme to convert sucrose into large amounts of the α-D-glucan reuteran, an exopolysaccharide. Upstream of gtfA lies another putative glucansucrase gene, designated gtfB. Previously, we have shown that the purified recombinant GTFB protein/enzyme is inactive with sucrose. Various homologs of gtfB are present in other Lactobacillus strains, including the L. reuteri type strain, DSM 20016, the genome sequence of which is available. Here we report that GTFB is a novel α-glucanotransferase enzyme with disproportionating (cleaving α1→4 and synthesizing α1→6 and α1→4 glycosidic linkages) and α1→6 polymerizing types of activity on maltotetraose and larger maltooligosaccharide substrates (in short, it is a 4,6-α-glucanotransferase). Characterization of the types of compounds synthesized from maltoheptaose by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), methylation analysis, and 1-dimensional ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that only linear products were made and that with increasing degrees of polymerization (DP), more α1→6 glycosidic linkages were introduced into the final products, ranging from 18% in the incubation mixture to 33% in an enriched fraction. In view of its primary structure, GTFB clearly is a member of the glycoside hydrolase 70 (GH70) family, comprising enzymes with a permuted (β/α)₈ barrel that use sucrose to synthesize α-D-glucan polymers. The GTFB enzyme reaction and product specificities, however, are novel for the GH70 family, resembling those of the GH13 α-amylase type of enzymes in using maltooligosaccharides as substrates but differing in introducing a series of α1→6 glycosidic linkages into linear oligosaccharide products. We conclude that GTFB represents a novel evolutionary intermediate between the GH13 and GH70 enzyme families, and we speculate about its origin.
The activation of p38alpha, and not p38beta, mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for ischemic preconditioning (2010)

Numerous studies show that pharmacological inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38s) before lethal ischemia prevents conditioning. However, these inhibitors have off-target effects and do not discriminate between the alpha and beta isoforms; the activation of which is thought to have diverse and perhaps opposing actions with p38 alpha aggravating, and p38 beta reducing, myocardial injury. We adopted a chemical genetic approach using mice in which either the p38 alpha (DR alpha) or p38 beta (DR beta) alleles were targeted to substitute the "gatekeeper" threonine residue for methionine, thereby preventing the binding of a pharmacological inhibitor, SB203580. Isolated, perfused wild-type (WT), DR alpha and DR beta mouse hearts underwent ischemic preconditioning with 4 cycles of 4 min ischemia/6 min reperfusion, with or without SB203580 (10 microM), followed by 30 min of global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. In WT and DR beta hearts, SB203580 completely abolished the reduction in myocardial infarction seen with preconditioning and also the phosphorylation of downstream substrates of p38. These effects of SB203580 were not seen in DR alpha hearts. Furthermore ischemic preconditioning occurred unaltered in p38 beta null hearts. Contrary to expectation the activation of p38 alpha, and not p38 beta, is necessary for ischemic preconditioning. Since p38 alpha is also the isoform that leads to lethal myocardial injury, it is unlikely that targeted therapeutic strategies to achieve isoform-selective inhibition will only prevent the harmful consequences of activation.
Re - 188 - DTPA ( Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid )의 표지와 생체내 분포 (1997)

Re-188 is useful candidate for therapeutic radionuclide because it has a physical half life of 17 hours, contains beta ernissions suitable for therapy(maximum energy 2.12MeV) and emits a garnma ray that is suitable for quantitative diagnostic scanning(155keV). To use He-188 as a radionuclide compound of angioplasty balloon radiotherapy, we investigated the labelling method and biodistribution of Re-188- DTPA. We postulated that labeled Re-188-DTPA is preferable because it would be excreted via urinary system more easily than other compounds. To label Re-188 with DTI'A, 1ml of 222MBqI(6mCi) of Re-188 was added to DTPA solution(DTPA 20mg, SnC4 2HsO 10mg, pH 3.5) and boiled at 100C for 120min in water bath. pH was adjuted to 5 with 2.3Fo sodium acetate. I.abeling efficiency was measured using TLC-SG(acetone, saline). We evaluated biodistribution of Re-188-DTPA in sacrificed mice at 10 and 60 minutes after injection. We acquired images of kidneys, and drew tirne-activity r.urves in normal dogs and rats and calculated Trnax and Tl/2 in rats. The labelling efficiency was 95.7Yo on average. Labelling of Re-188-DTPA was stable(90% after 5hours) in vitro at room temperature. According to time-activity curves of dogs and rats, it took 15 to 20 minutes after injection for Re-188-DTPA to be washed out through kidneys. In conclusion, Re-188-DTPA was successfully labeled, Re-188-DTPA was stable in vitro and was excreted early via kidneys in animals. We could recornmend Re-188-DTPA as radionuclide of potential use in angioplasty balloon radiotherapy.
Automatic calibration method of adaptive array for FDD systems (2002)

This paper proposes an automatic calibration method that can be applied to frequency division duplex (FDD) systems. The effectiveness of the proposed calibration method is evaluated by measurements using an adaptive array testbed in an anechoic chamber. This paper first elucidates the required calibration for FDD systems. Then the proposed calibration method is described. Finally, the measurement results are shown.