gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colloidal microstructure effects on particle sedimentation in yield stress fluids (2013)

Yield stress fluids are widely used in industry, deeply studied as an example of soft matter, and easy to conceptually describe: A solid-like material that can be yielded and made to flow by applying a minimum stress but will re-solidify once the applied stress is removed. Similarly, a particle will be stably suspended against sedimentation by a yield stress fluid if the stress it exerts on the fluid does not exceed the yield stress. In this article, we examine the current approach to predicting particle suspension in a yield stress fluid. We focus on a key cause of variability in both the fluid yield stress and propagation of particle stress: The fluid microstructure. We measure the prevention of particle sedimentation by examples of the two key microstructures used to create a yield stress suspension: A colloidal glass, Carbopol, which forms high volume fraction elastic structures by crowding, and a colloidal gel, microfibrous cellulose or MFC, which forms a sparser low volume fraction elastic network by inter-particle attachments. Comparing the sedimentation behavior of a single sphere in Carbopol and in MFC indicates that fluids with the same yield stress value can differ by a factor of 6 in their stability against particle sedimentation as a result of microstructure differences. Such suspensions cannot be characterized by yield stress alone, so the different fluids' yielding, and possibly recovery, from applied stress must also be studied. The work points to methods of improved design of microstructured fluids in a range of formulated product applications and also links shared goals of the rheology and microrheology communities.
Chunk-Level Password Guessing: Towards Modeling Refined Password Composition Representations (2021)

Textual password security hinges on the guessing models adopted by attackers, in which a suitable password composition representation is an influential factor. Unfortunately, the conventional models roughly regard a password as a sequence of characters, or natural-language-based words, which are password-irrelevant. Experience shows that passwords exhibit internal and refined patterns, e.g., "4ever, ing or 2015", varying significantly among periods and regions. However, the refined representations and their security impacts could not be automatically understood by state-of-the-art guessing models (e.g., Markov).
Development of a Stem Cell-Based Tissue Engineered Vascular Graft (2009)

Limited autologous vascular graft availability and poor patency rates of synthetic grafts for small-diameter revascularization (e.g., coronary artery bypass, peripheral bypass, arteriovenous graft for hemodyalisis access, etc.) remain a concern in the surgical community. A tissue engineering vascular graft (TEVG), including suitable cell source, scaffold, seeding, and culture methods can potentially solve these limitations. Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) are multipotent cells, with long-term proliferation and self-renewal capabilities, which represent a valid candidate for vascular tissue engineering applications due to their plasticity/heterogeneity. The poly(ester urethane) urea (PEUU) is also an attractive potential candidate for use as a TEVG due to its elasticity and tunable mechanical and degradation properties. We hypothesized that a novel scaffold optimally seeded with stem cells, acutely cultured and stimulated in vitro, and ultimately implanted in vivo will remodel into a functional vascular tissue. To test this hypothesis, we developed an innovative, multidisciplinary framework to fabricate and culture a TEVG in a timeframe compatible with clinical practice. In this approach, MDSCs were incorporated into a newly-designed and characterized PEUU-based scaffold via a novel seeding device, which was tested quantitatively for cell seeding uniformity and viability. The seeded TEVGs were acutely cultured in dynamic conditions and assessed for cell phenotype, proliferation, and spreading. The conduits were then implanted systemically in a small and a large animal model and assessed, at different time points, for patency rate, remodeling, and cellular engraftment and phenotype. The seeding technology demonstrated a rapid, efficient, reproducible, and quantitatively uniform seeding without affecting cell viability. The PEUU scaffold that was developed is suitable for arterial applications, exhibiting appropriate strength, compliance, and suture retention properties. The dynamic culture resulted in cell proliferation and spreading within the 3D scaffold environment. Rat preclinical studies suggested a role of the seeded MDSCs in the maintenance of patency and in the remodeling of the TEVG toward a native-like structure. Pig studies were inconclusive due to a poor pre-implantation cell density. Future work should address this and other issues encountered during the large animal study, and should test longer time points in both models. Finally, this approach might benefit from a more readily available cell source such as the bone marrow.
(Digital Presentation) Znni Electroplating from an Ethylene Glycol Based Non-Aqueous Electrolyte for Corrosion Protection (2022)

ZnNi alloys containing Ni in the 15 - 25 % wt. range have recently attracted the attention of researchers due to their interesting corrosion properties [1]. These materials, when deposited in the form of thin films, find application in a large number of industrial fields: oil and gas, automotive and constructions. ZnNi is normally electrodeposited from aqueous solutions, specifically alkaline cyanide-free or acidic chloride baths. In these electrolytes, plating takes place following a typical anomalous mechanism where the less noble metal (zinc) deposits preferentially [2]. Even though ZnNi plating from water based solution is already implemented at the industrial scale, alternative deposition approaches have been developed in the last few years to further improve ZnNi plating performances. In particular, the use of non-aqueous electrolytes has been investigated by virtue of their significant advantages over water based solutions: wider electrochemical windows, reduced side reactions and low vapor pressure. ZnNi electrodeposition has been attempted from a great variety of such novel baths, mainly including II and III generation ionic liquids [3, 4]. The present work investigates the use of non-aqueous ethylene glycol based electrolytes for the deposition of ZnNi alloys containing Ni in the 15 - 25 % wt. range. The use of ethylene glycol as solvent introduces many advantages with respect to aqueous solutions: low oxygen contamination, high deposits purity and no pH dependance [5]. ZnNi codeposition from ethylene glycol baths containing ZnCl 2 and NiCl 2 was studied employing cyclic voltammetry and thin layers were deposited under potentiostatic control. Deposition potential was varied and its influence on final composition and morphology was determined. Compositional data evidenced the occurrence of a potential dependent anomalous codeposition mechanism analogous to the one reported in water based electrolytes. Addition of an additive (NH 4 Cl) to enhance surface morphology was attempted as well [4]. Phase composition was investigated using XRD and the results obtained demonstrated the presence of a metastable γ-ZnNi phase, which has already been observed in the case of ZnNi plated from alkaline aqueous solutions [6]. Finally, corrosion behavior of the ZnNi layers obtained from ethylene glycol was assessed and compared with equivalent coatings deposited from commercial ZnNi aqueous solutions. [1] M. Gavrila et al., Surf. Coat. Technol. 123 (2-3), 164-172 (2000) [2] G. Roventi et al., J. Appl. Electrochem. 30 (2), 173-179 (2000) [3] K. K. Maniam et al., Appl. Sci. 10, 5321 (2020) [4] S. Fashu et al., Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 25 (6), 2054-2064 (2015) [5] G. Panzeri et al., Electrochim. Acta 271 (1), 576-581 (2018) [6] S. Ieffa et al., Trans. Inst. Met. Finish. 94, 321-324 (2014)
Trichoscopy in genetic hair shaft abnormalities (2008)

Genetic hair shaft abnormalities may be diagnosed by trichoscopy in a single diagnostic session without the need of plucking or cutting them for diagnostic purposes.
Electron-electron scattering in a quasi-neutral particle simulation code for ECR plasma processing devices (2002)

Summary form only given. We have recently developed an axisymmetric quasi-neutral particle simulation code to study heating and transport of plasma in an ECR reactor configuration in which the electrons are always strongly magnetized, but the degree of magnetization of the ions varies spatially. For this system with pressures on the order of a few milliTorr, the plasma is considered to be weakly collisional with mean free paths on the order of a few centimeters. Electrons may collide with the neutral gas in various states, and with each other. Electron-electron (e-e) collisions are especially important since these collisions are responsible for forming the tail of the electron distribution function and for redistributing the energy toward a Maxwellian. The energy distribution is determined by a competition between e-e collisions, which tend to Maxwellianize the distribution, and inelastic electron-atom collisions, which deplete the high energy tail. Therefore it is important to use the right rate coefficients to represent e-e collisions. For particle simulations, Fokker-Planck collisions may be cast in the form of a "grid" based force in the form of the Langevin equation. A method for this has been outlined by Jones et al (1996). We have implemented a more exact Langevin equation based on diffusion and drag coefficients appropriate for electrons in a plasma. These coefficients depend on the test particle velocity and are calculated self-consistently during each time step from the plasma electrons using grid laydown methods. The procedure is implemented in such a way as to conserve the local electron energy and momentum.
Commentary: Flow Diversion for Intracranial Aneurysm Treatment: Trials Involving Flow Diverters and Long-Term Outcomes (2019)

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Correspondence: Aditya S. Pandey, MD, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, 3552 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Email: [email protected]
On scheduling and resource allocation in cluster-based cooperative MIMO-OFDMA cellular networks (2016)

This paper introduces a cross-layer framework for scheduling and resource allocation suitable for base station (BS)-cooperative wideband wireless cellular systems supporting heterogeneous traffic. To this end, advanced cluster-based multiple-antenna techniques such as network MIMO (N-MIMO) or large-scale MIMO (LS-MIMO) are considered for the physical layer of the system. The framework is general enough to be able to cater for different forms of power allocation, rate allocation or scheduling policy while providing critical performance metrics such as throughput or fairness measures while being able to incorporate per-cluster as well as per-BS power constraints. Remarkably, different greedy scheduling algorithms are proposed for both N-MIMO and LS-MIMO that are able to significantly exploit the multiuser and frequency diversity of the system while remaining computationally feasible. A particularly interesting application of the proposed framework, explored in detail in this paper, is a thorough and realistic comparison of the performance of N-MIMO and LS-MIMO that reveals the strengths and weaknesses of each strategy in terms of throughput and fairness.
Inflamed and non-inflamed classes of HCC: a revised immunogenomic classification (2022)

We have characterised the immunogenomic contexture of HCC and defined inflamed and non-inflamed tumours. Two distinct <i>CTNNB1</i> patterns associated with a differential role in immune evasion are described. These features may help predict immune response in HCC.
Effect of Iron Chelators on Dopamine D2 Receptors (1985)

Nutritional iron deficiency induced in rats causes a selective reduction of [3H]spiperone binding in caudate nucleus. This effect can be reversed by iron supplementation in vivo. The possibility that iron may be involved in the dopamine D2 receptor was investigated by examining the effect of various iron and noniron chelators on the binding of [3H]spiperone in rat caudate nucleus. Iron chelators 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine, alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl, and desferrioxamine mesylate inhibited the binding of [3H]spiperone. The inhibition by 1,10-phenanthroline was noncompetitive and reversible. In the presence of FeCl2 or FeCl3, the inhibitory effect of 1,10-phenanthroline was potentiated. Iron salts or chelators were without effect on the binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol to beta-adrenoreceptors in caudate nucleus; thus the action of iron chelators on the dopamine D2 receptor tends to be selective. Incubation of caudate nucleus membrane prepared from iron-deficient rats with FeCl2 or FeCl3 did not reverse the diminished binding of [3H]spiperone. The present study indicates that if iron is involved in the physiological regulation of dopamine D2 agonist-antagonist binding sites, it is more complex than hitherto considered.
Type II Secretion Promotes Bacterial Growth within the Legionella -Containing Vacuole in Infected Amoebae (2019)

It was previously determined that the type II secretion system (T2SS) promotes the ability of <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> to grow in coculture with amoebae. Here, we discerned the stage of intracellular infection that is potentiated by comparing the wild-type and T2SS mutant legionellae for their capacity to parasitize <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> Whereas the mutant behaved normally for entry into the host cells and subsequent evasion of degradative lysosomes, it was impaired in the ability to replicate, with that defect being first evident at approximately 9 h postentry. The replication defect was initially documented in three ways: by determining the numbers of CFU recovered from the lysates of the infected monolayers, by monitoring the levels of fluorescence associated with amoebal monolayers infected with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing bacteria, and by utilizing flow cytometry to quantitate the amounts of GFP-expressing bacteria in individual amoebae. By employing confocal microscopy and newer imaging techniques, we further determined the progression in volume and shape of the bacterial vacuoles and found that the T2SS mutant grows at a decreased rate and does not attain maximally sized phagosomes. Overall, the entire infection cycle (i.e., entry to egress) was considerably slower for the T2SS mutant than it was for the wild-type strain, and the mutant's defect was maintained over multiple rounds of infection. Thus, the T2SS is absolutely required for <i>L. pneumophila</i> to grow to larger numbers in its intravacuolar niche within amoebae. Combining these results with those of our recent analysis of macrophage infection, T2SS is clearly a major component of <i>L. pneumophila</i> intracellular infection.
Clustering Methods for Collaborative Filtering (1998)

Grouping people into clusters based on the items they have purchased allows accurate recommendations of new items for purchase: if you and I have liked many of the same movies, then I will probably enjoy other movies that you like. Recommending items based on similarity of interest (a.k.a. collaborative filtering) is attractive for many domains: books, CDs, movies, etc., but does not always work well. Because data are always sparse- any given person has seen only a small fraction of all movies- much more accurate predictions can be made by grouping people into clusters with similar movies and grouping movies into clusters which tend to be liked by the same people. Finding optimal clusters is tricky because the movie groups should be used to help determine the people groups and visa versa. We present a formal statistical model of collaborative filtering, and compare different algorithms for estimating the model parameters including variations of K-means clustering and Gibbs Sampling. This formal model is easily extended to handle clustering of objects with multiple attributes.
Spin transport in graphene nanostructures (2014)

Graphene is an interesting material for spintronics, showing long spin relaxation lengths even at room temperature. For future spintronic devices it is important to understand the behavior of the spins and the limitations for spin transport in structures where the dimensions are smaller than the spin relaxation length. However, the study of spin injection and transport in graphene nanostructures is highly unexplored. Here we study the spin injection and relaxation in nanostructured graphene with dimensions smaller than the spin relaxation length. For graphene nanoislands, where the edge length to area ratio is much higher than for standard devices, we show that enhanced spin-flip processes at the edges do not seem to play a major role in the spin relaxation. On the other hand, contact induced spin relaxation has a much more dramatic effect for these low dimensional structures. By studying the nonlocal spin transport through a graphene quantum dot we observe that the obtained values for spin relaxation are dominated by the connecting graphene islands and not by the quantum dot itself. Using a simple model we argue that future nonlocal Hanle precession measurements can obtain a more significant value for the spin relaxation time for the quantum dot by using high spin polarization contacts in combination with low tunneling rates.
Transparent 3D display for augmented reality (2012)

Two types of transparent three-dimensional display systems applicable for the augmented reality are demonstrated. One of them is a head-mounted-display-type implementation which utilizes the principle of the system adopting the concave floating lens to the virtual mode integral imaging. Such configuration has an advantage in that the threedimensional image can be displayed at sufficiently far distance resolving the accommodation conflict with the real world scene. Incorporating the convex half mirror, which shows a partial transparency, instead of the concave floating lens, makes it possible to implement the transparent three-dimensional display system. The other type is the projection-type implementation, which is more appropriate for the general use than the head-mounted-display-type implementation. Its imaging principle is based on the well-known reflection-type integral imaging. We realize the feature of transparent display by imposing the partial transparency to the array of concave mirror which is used for the screen of reflection-type integral imaging. Two types of configurations, relying on incoherent and coherent light sources, are both possible. For the incoherent configuration, we introduce the concave half mirror array, whereas the coherent one adopts the holographic optical element which replicates the functionality of the lenslet array. Though the projection-type implementation is beneficial than the head-mounted-display in principle, the present status of the technical advance of the spatial light modulator still does not provide the satisfactory visual quality of the displayed three-dimensional image. Hence we expect that the head-mounted-display-type and projection-type implementations will come up in the market in sequence.
Compressive imaging measurement design from an image patch manifold prior (2013)

We look at the design of projective measurements based upon a low-rank manifold model for image patches for compressive imaging applications. Results show significant improvement over random measurements.This work is based upon work supported by DARPA and the SPAWAR System Center Pacific under Contract No. N66001-11-C-4092
A moment method analysis of a transverse slot fed by a boxed stripline (1994)

A moment method analysis of a slot radiator excited by means of a boxed stripline configuration has been developed. The method employs entire domain basis functions to optimise computational efficiency and the results obtained are generally in good agreement with measurement and with the theoretical predictions of other contributors. This is particularly true for the more practical, strongly coupled, configurations for which the strip feed line lies entirely under the slot radiator.
Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanisms of Inorganic ReactionsJohn O. EdwardsCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 4, 702Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50038a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50038a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Three-Phase Saturated-Core Fault Current Limiter (2018)

The saturated-core fault current limiter (SFCL) is widely used to limit the fault current. However, in the conventional SFCL structure, alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) coils are wound on different loosely coupled cores. Owing to the leakage inductance, the traditional structure demonstrates relatively large demand for DC excitation power and excessive impedance during saturation. In this study, a new structure for winding closely coupled DC and AC coils on the same core in three phases is proposed to reduce the influence of leakage reactance on the SFCL performance. The leakage magnetic flux generated by both structures is analyzed by performing finite element analysis simulations and utilizing a magnetic field division method. The impedance of the limiter is measured at different DC currents and air gaps to optimize its dynamic performance. A fabricated prototype of the proposed limiter exhibits smaller steady-state losses and high current-limiting capability.