gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Filling Algorithms and Analyses for Layout Density Control (1999)

Abstract-In very deep-submicron very large scale integration (VLSI), manufacturing steps involving chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) have varying effects on device and interconnect features, depending on local characteristics of the layout. To reduce manufacturing variation due to CMP and to improve performance predictability and yield, the layout must be made uniform with respect to certain density criteria, by inserting &amp;amp;quot;fill&amp;amp;quot; geometries into the layout. To date, only foundries and special mask data processing tools perform layout post-processing for density control. In the future, better convergence of performance verification flows will depend on such layout manipulations being embedded within the layout synthesis (place-and-route) flow. In this paper, we give the first realistic formulation of the filling problem that arises in layout optimization for manufacturability. Our formulation seeks to add features to a given process layer, such that 1) feature area densities satisfy prescribed upper and lower bounds in all windows of given size and 2) the maximum variation of such densities over all possible window positions in the layout is minimized. We present efficient algorithms for density analysis, notably a multilevel approach that affords usertunable accuracy. We also develop exact solutions to the problem of fill synthesis, based on a linear programming approach. These include a linear programming (LP) formulation for the fixeddissection regime (where density bounds are imposed on a predetermined set of windows in the layout) and an LP formulation that is automatically generated by our multilevel density analysis. We briefly review criteria for fill pattern synthesis, and the paper then concludes with computational results and directions for future research. Index Terms-Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP), density control, layout verification, manufacturability, metal fill, physical
Revisiting Effectiveness of Energy Conserving Opportunistic Transmission Schemes in Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks (2018)

Opportunistic transmission schemes improve the lifetime of conventional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) by reducing the number of transmissions. However, this comes at the expense of performance since fewer measurements are available. We show that in energy harvesting (EH) WSNs, in which the sensor nodes harvest energy from the environment, this trade-off is fundamentally different. For a general model in which the nodes experience independent and non-identical fading and the EH process at a node is stationary and ergodic, we present lower bounds on the mean squared error (MSE) for two important classes of channel-based opportunistic transmission schemes, namely, censoring and ordered transmissions. For the latter, we present two novel variants that arise depending on whether the energy in the battery of an EH sensor node is accounted for before ordering or not. For censoring, the lower bound leads to an insightful and explicit characterization of the optimum censoring threshold for each node. For ordered transmissions, it helps determine the optimal number of nodes that should be selected to transmit. We find that the ordered transmission schemes can outperform the censoring scheme. We also propose a hybrid scheme that combines the best features of the above schemes for EH WSNs.
Insights From Deep Sequencing of the HBV Genome—Unique, Tiny, and Misunderstood (2018)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a unique, tiny, partially double-stranded, reverse-transcribing DNA virus with proteins encoded by multiple overlapping reading frames. The substitution rate is surprisingly high for a DNA virus, but lower than that of other reverse transcribing organisms. More than 260 million people worldwide have chronic HBV infection, which causes 0.8 million deaths a year. Because of the high burden of disease, international health agencies have set the goal of eliminating HBV infection by 2030. Nonetheless, the intriguing HBV genome has not been well characterized. We summarize data on the HBV genome structure and replication cycle, explain and quantify diversity within and among infected individuals, and discuss advances that can be offered by application of next-generation sequencing technology. In-depth HBV genome analyses could increase our understanding of disease pathogenesis and allow us to better predict patient outcomes, optimize treatment, and develop new therapeutics.
Using fuzzy control to maximize profits in service level management (2002)

The growth of e-commerce is creating demand for services with financial incentives for service providers. Such services are specified by service level agreements (SLAs) in which revenue accrues with the number of completed transactions, and costs are incurred if response times go above a specified threshold. In this paper we propose a profit-oriented feedback control system that automates the admission control decisions in a way that balances the loss of revenue due to rejected work against the penalties incurred if admitted work has excessive response times. One approach to making these trade-offs is to employ classical control theory (e.g., proportional integral controllers); however, doing so requires a labor-intensive design process that tailors the controller to a specific workload and profit model. Instead, we develop a fuzzy control algorithm that implements hill climbing logic to maximize profits and handle the stochastics that make profits quite “bumpy.” Our studies of a Lotus Notes® e-mail server reveal that the fuzzy controller requires little human intervention and is robust to changes in workloads and values of SLA parameters. Further, we prove that our design of the fuzzy controller leads to a value of the admission control parameter that maximizes steady state profits.
Association of HIV diversity and virologic outcomes in early antiretroviral treatment: HPTN 052 (2017)

Higher HIV diversity has been associated with virologic outcomes in children on antiretroviral treatment (ART). We examined the association of HIV diversity with virologic outcomes in adults from the HPTN 052 trial who initiated ART at CD4 cell counts of 350-550 cells/mm3. A high resolution melting (HRM) assay was used to analyze baseline (pre-treatment) HIV diversity in six regions in the HIV genome (two in gag, one in pol, and three in env) from 95 participants who failed ART. We analyzed the association of HIV diversity in each genomic region with baseline (pre-treatment) factors and three clinical outcomes: time to virologic suppression after ART initiation, time to ART failure, and emergence of HIV drug resistance at ART failure. After correcting for multiple comparisons, we did not find any association of baseline HIV diversity with demographic, laboratory, or clinical characteristics. For the 18 analyses performed for clinical outcomes evaluated, there was only one significant association: higher baseline HIV diversity in one of the three HIV env regions was associated with longer time to ART failure (p = 0.008). The HRM diversity assay may be useful in future studies exploring the relationship between HIV diversity and clinical outcomes in individuals with HIV infection.
Fibroblast contraction occurs on release of tension in attached collagen lattices: Dependency on an organized actin cytoskeleton and serum (1992)

The generation of tension in granulation tissue undergoing contraction is believed to be a cell-mediated event. In this study we used attached collagen lattices as a model system for studying the cellular mechanisms of tension generation by fibroblasts in an extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts in attached collagen lattices developed stress fibers, surface associated fibronectin fibrils, and a fibronexus-like transmembrane association interconnecting the two structural components. Release of the attached collagen lattice from its points of attachment resulted in a rapid, symmetrical contraction of the collagen lattice. Rapid contraction occurred within the first 10 minutes after release of the lattice from the substratum, with greater than 70% of the contraction occurring within the first 2 minutes. Rapid contraction resulted in a shortening of the elongate fibroblasts and compaction of the stress fibers with their subsequent disappearance from the cell. Cytochalasin D treatment prior to release disrupted the actin cytoskeleton and completely inhibited rapid contraction. The removal of serum prior to release inhibited rapid contraction, while the re-addition of serum restored rapid contraction. These results demonstrate that fibroblasts can develop tension in an attached collagen lattice and that upon release of tension the fibroblasts undergo contraction resulting in a rapid contraction of the collagen lattice. Fibroblast contraction is dependent upon an organized actin cytoskeleton and is promoted by the presence of serum.
Assessing tumour vascularity with 3D contrast-enhanced ultrasound: A new semi-automated segmentation framework (2010)

3D contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a powerful imaging technique for tumour vascularity assessment, which is critical for radio-frequency ablation (RFA) planning or for the assessment of response to antiangiogenic therapies. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-automated method for the quantification of tumour vascularity in 3D CEUS data. We apply a two-step framework combining an interactive segmentation of the tumour necrosis followed by an automatic detection of the vascularity based on implicit representations. Experimental results on 3D CEUS images of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) show that our method is promising in terms of speed and quality.
Data from SIRT5 Is a Druggable Metabolic Vulnerability in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;We discovered that the survival and growth of many primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples and cell lines, but not normal CD34&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells, are dependent on SIRT5, a lysine deacylase implicated in regulating multiple metabolic pathways. Dependence on SIRT5 is genotype agnostic and extends to RAS- and p53-mutated AML. Results were comparable between SIRT5 knockdown and SIRT5 inhibition using NRD167, a potent and selective SIRT5 inhibitor. Apoptosis induced by SIRT5 disruption is preceded by reductions in oxidative phosphorylation and glutamine utilization, and an increase in mitochondrial superoxide that is attenuated by ectopic superoxide dismutase 2. These data indicate that SIRT5 controls and coordinates several key metabolic pathways in AML and implicate SIRT5 as a vulnerability in AML.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Reducing SIRT5 activity is detrimental to the survival of AML cells regardless of genotype, yet well tolerated by healthy hematopoietic cells. In mouse models, disrupting SIRT5 inhibits AML progression. SIRT5 controls several metabolic pathways that are required for leukemia cell survival. These results identify SIRT5 as a therapeutic target in AML.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Li and Melnick, p. 198.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A multi-beamlet injector for heavy ion fusion: Experiments and modeling (2007)

We have performed experiments and modeling to evaluate a proposed merging beamlet approach for use in a compact high-brightness Heavy Ion Fusion injector. We used an rf plasma source to produce the initial beamlets. An extraction current density of 100 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> was achieved, and the thermal temperature of the ions was below 1 eV. An array of converging beamlets was used to produce a beam with the envelope radius, convergence, and ellipticity matched to an electrostatic quadrupole channel. Experimental results were in good quantitative agreement with computer simulations and have demonstrated the feasibility of this concept. The size of a driver-scale injector system using this approach will be several times smaller than one designed using traditional single large-aperture beams. The success of this experiment has possible significant economical and technical impacts on the architecture of HIF drivers.
High SNR rapid T1‐weighted MPRAGE using spiral imaging with long readouts and improved deblurring (2022)

Fast, high SNR MPRAGE imaging is feasible with long readout spiral trajectories.
Toward practical public key anti-counterfeiting for low-cost EPC tags (2011)

In this work we report on a practical design, and a working prototype implementation, of a public-key anti-counterfeiting system based on the Electronic Product Code (EPC) standard for supply chain RFID tags. The use of public-key cryptography simplifies deployment, reduces trust issues between the tag integrator and tag manufacturer, eliminates the need for on-line checks by a central authority, and protects user privacy. Contrary to earlier claims of impracticality, we demonstrate that EPC tags are capable of performing full-strength public-key encryption. The crucial element in our system is WIPR, a recently-proposed variant of the well known Rabin encryption scheme, that enjoys a remarkably low resource footprint (less than 4700 gate equivalents for a complete ASIC implementation) - for a full-strength 1024-bit encryption. Our prototype system consists of an ultra-high frequency (UHF) tag running custom firmware, which communicates with a standard off-the-shelf reader. No modifications were made to the reader or the air interface, proving that high-security anti-counterfeiting tags and standard EPC tags can coexist and share the same infrastructure. Surprisingly, we identify that the time bottleneck is not the tag's computation time: the delay is dominated by inefficiencies in the way the reader implements the EPC standard. The insights from our performance measurements let us identify how a few simple changes to the reader can drastically improve the system throughput.
Narrowband jammer suppression in coded DS-CDMA channels (2003)

Existing narrowband jammer suppressors for DS-CDMA, typically function independently of the multiuser interference cancellation strategy used. Besides, certain high-performance jammer suppression techniques, e.g., linear MMSE suppression, assume that the powers and frequencies of the interfering signals are known, or that they can be adaptively estimated. The former is never true in practice and the latter is not feasible when long spreading codes are used. The present work eliminates these restrictions, by applying the idea of iterative MMSE multiuser interference suppression, introduced earlier by the authors, to this context. The first iteration in this procedure is effectively MMSE multiuser interference cancellation; the parameters of the jammers are unknown at this stage. The outputs of all users' soft decoders (applied to the demodulator outputs of this iteration) are then fed back to subtract their (estimated) cumulative contribution from the received signal vector; the residue comprises the narrowband jammers embedded in wideband noise, so that the former can be piecewise interpolated over chip intervals of appropriate duration, and thence subtracted from the received signal for the succeeding iteration. The soft-decoded feedback estimates of the interfering signals are also used in each iteration to perform soft MMSE multiuser interference suppression, in conjunction with subtractive interference cancellation. The approach is extended to exploit the enhanced separation (in the spatial sense) that is afforded by employing multisensor receivers.
Les structures de bioéthique en Belgique (1998)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Indicating Fax over IP Capability in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (2013)

This document defines and registers with IANA the new "fax" media feature tag for use with the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). Currently, fax calls are indistinguishable from voice calls at call initiation. Consequently, fax calls can be routed to SIP user agents that are not fax capable. A "fax" media feature tag implemented in conjunction with caller preferences allows for more accurate fax call routing.
The Synthesis and Properties of Some Novel Ferroelectric Materials-Hosts and Dopants (1990)

Abstract The first indication that terphenyl derivatives might provide suitable host Sc systems which could be doped with chiral materials and used in ferroelectric smectic C devices arose with 4,4″-dialkyl- and 4,4″-alkoxyalkyl-p-terphenyls carrying a single lateral fluoro-substituent. Subsequently, 4,4″-dialkyl- and 4,4″-alkoxyalkyl-p-terphenyls with 2,3- or 2′,3′-difluoro-substituents (and related biphenyls) have been found to be superior, when doped with appropriate chiral cyanohydrin esters. The synthesis of these difluoro-oligophenyls will be discussed, with particular reference to the use of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)-catalysed coupling of arylboronic acids with aryl halides. The liquid crystal properties of the various materials will be discussed together with some results relating to the excellent ferroelectric behaviour of the doped systems. These mixtures provide wide range S*c phases, large Ps values, good aligning properties on rubbed polymers, switching times that are fast, and a multiplexing capability consistent with video line address times at room temperature.
WDM transmission over multiple long spans with bidirectional Raman pumping (2004)

We investigate the feasibility of WDM transmission over multiple spans that are twice as long as those typically used in commercial systems. Using longer spans reduces the number of repeater sites, potentially lowering the operating costs of medium- and long-haul terrestrial systems. We show that bidirectional Raman pumping is a key enabling technology. In particular, we demonstrate the benefits of high levels of codirectional Raman gain, up to 10-dB more than is used in transmission experiments with standard span lengths. Then, we transmitted 40 /spl times/ 10.66 Gb/s with uncorrected bit-error ratios better than 10/sup -9/ using 200-km spans of nonzero dispersion fiber with 14.5-dB of Raman co-gain over a reach of 2400 km. We also measured the maximum amount of span loss that was tolerable for a given system reach for 200-km span transmission at 10 Gb/s. After optimization at twelve distances (800 to 3000 km), we found that the tolerable span loss increased by 1 dB for each 200-km reduction in reach.
Partial Characterization of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium smegmatis Auxotrophs by Syntrophism Using Bacillus subtilis (1989)

Syntrophism (cross-feeding) could be demonstrated between mutants of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium smegmatis, and previously characterized mutants of Bacillus subtilis, auxotrophic for arginine, histidine, lysine or phenylalanine. Based on this cross-feeding data, the possible site of blockage in the biosynthetic pathways of the mutants could be inferred.
A Performance Engineering Tool for Tiered Software Systems (2006)

Performance engineering is an important activity for software architects and designers. Assessment and tuning of performance can help to make key changes in the system, especially if done early in its development. In this paper, we present a tool for the performance assessment and tuning for systems following the tiered architecture, which is a very commonly used architecture style. The Web-based tool allows a software designer to specify the system under design and ascertain the different performance attributes as well as the variation in performance with load. If the predicted performance is not satisfactory, the tool helps the designer with ascertaining the changes that need to be done for achieving the desired performance. Using an iterative analysis, it presents the designer with detailed steps in terms of improvements at the software and the hardware level that are necessary to improve the system performance to the desired level. We present an overview of the analysis and tuning approach, along with an example to illustrate the use of the tool
A Multivariable Controller for the Start-up Procedure of a Solar Membrane Distillation Facility (2018)

This paper presents a multivariable TITO (two inputs two ouputs) controller aimed to improve the start-up procedure of a Solar Membrane Distillation (SMD) facility, located at Plataforma Solar de Almería (PSA). The control structure includes PID controllers and decouplers, as well as a reference governor based on a real time optimizer. The filtered Smith Predictor (SP) control structure has been used for controlling one of the output variables, whereas a cascade control scheme is employed to control the other one. The proposed approach has been tested in simulation on a nonlinear model of the SMD facility, showing promising results.
Remote Internet-Based Supervision Systems, S.L. (2011)

The present case study explains the process of creation of Remote Internet-Based Supervision Systems, S.L. (RISS), a spin-off emerging from the University of Figueres, Spain. It describes all phases, from formation to the present day, and the problems and challenges faced by the entrepreneurial team composed of academics and industry professionals. Starting in a lab shared by two computer engineers finishing their PhDs, their friendship later converted into a science-based new venture. After having developed products and survived financial difficulty, the company stood at the threshold of a stage of growth and a decision regarding the commercial strategy had to be taken. But some problems have arisen between the academic entrepreneurs and the industrial partner regarding commercial strategy.
XRCE-T: XIP Temporal Module for TempEval Campaign (2008)

We present the system we used for the TempEval competition. This system relies on a deep syntactic analyzer that has been extended for the treatment of temporal expressions. So, together with the temporal treatment needed for TempEval purposes, further syntactico-semantic information is also calculated, making thus temporal processing a complement for a better general purpose text understanding system. 1 General presentation and system overview Although interest in temporal and aspectual phenomena is not new in NLP and IA, temporal processing of real texts is a topic that has been of growing interest in the last years (Mani et al. 2005). The usefulness of temporal information became clear for a wide range of applications like multidocument summarization and question/answering systems (see for instance (Schilder et al. 2003)). For this reason, temporal taggers and annotated resources such as TimeBank (Pustejovsky et al., 2003) have been developed recently. The work we perform concerning temporal processing of texts is part of a more general process in text understanding. Temporal processing is integrated into a more generic tool, XIP, which is a general purpose linguistic analyzer (Aït et al., 2002). Temporal analysis is thus intertwined with syntactico-semantic text processing including deep syntactic analysis and determination of thematic