gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion and neutral species in C2F6 and CHF3 dielectric etch discharges (1999)

Relative concentrations of reactive ions, neutral radicals, resist and substrate etch products have been measured in dielectric etch chemistries using an uncollided beam mass spectrometer/ion extractor from Hiden Analytical. Analysis techniques employed include both electron impact ionization and dissociative ionization of neutral gas, and potential bias extraction of positive ions from the reactor discharge volume. Measurements were made in C2F6 and CHF3 discharges in an inductively coupled plasma (GEC) research reactor operating with power densities, pressures, gas compositions and wafer materials typical of those found in etch processing tools. Wafer substrates investigated included blanket silicon wafers and silicon wafers with varying amounts of photoresist coverage of the surface (20%, 80% and 100%). In C2F6 discharges CF3+ was consistently the dominant fluorocarbon ion present, in agreement with published cross sections for dissociative ionization. Smaller concentrations of CF+, CF2+, and C2F5+, were also observed, though the dissociative ionization production of C2F5+ was a factor of 5 smaller than would be expected from published cross section values. The presence of photoresist, even in small amounts, was found to produce marked changes in the discharge composition. For example, in C2F6 discharges, concentrations of SiFx etch products relative to concentrations of CxFy species were notably diminished and larger concentrations of water vapor were observed when resist was present. In CHF3 discharges, CF3+ and CHF2+ were found to be the main species present, along with smaller concentrations of CF2+, CF+, CHF+, CH+ and F+.
Modelagens min-max-min para o problema de localização de estações de rádio base (2006)

Relata-se uma nova proposta de solução para o problema de localização de estações de rádio base. Tal proposta é baseada na resolução de um problema min-max-min, que possui natureza multinível e é não diferenciável. Para contornar estas dificuldades e poder usar métodos de otimização mais robustos e eficientes, como os métodos de Gradiente e de Newton, transformamos esse problema em um problema diferenciável, usando uma função suavizadora de classe C&lt;FONT FACE=Symbol&gt;¥&lt;/FONT&gt;. Assim, a solução é obtida resolvendo-se uma seqüência de subproblemas diferenciáveis que gradualmente aproximam-se do problema original. O uso desta técnica, chamada Suavização Hiperbólica, permite contornar várias das dificuldades apresentadas no problema original. Um algoritmo contendo as essencialidades do método é apresentado. Além da modelagem min-max-min inicial, propomos também três modelagens variantes, que abordam outros aspectos do problema de localização de estações de rádio base. Um conjunto de resultados computacionais é apresentado considerando as modelagens propostas neste trabalho.
Tumor cell proteinase visualization and quantification using a fluorescent transition-state analog probe. (1984)

The fluorescent proteinase transition-state analog inhibitor, dansyl-L-argininal (DnsArgH), may be a selective probe of cysteine and serine-type proteinases in a fibrosarcoma tumor cell line (HSDM1C1). DnsArgH binds with high affinity to proteinases because of its transition-state analog properties, and on association it gives a dramatically increased fluorescent yield. The DnsArgH binding is inhibited by the serine proteinase inhibitor diisopropyl fluorophosphate and by the cysteine proteinase inhibitor p-chloromercuribenzoate. The fluorescence emission appears at its maximum steady-state yield immediately on addition of DnsArgH to the HSDM1C1 fibrosarcoma cells. The immediacy of the DnsArgH reaction supports the contention that DnsArgH binding may be to cell surface-associated proteinases. Quantification of the cell proteinase concentration, by comparison of the fluorescence yield obtained from DnsArgH interactions with bovine trypsin and papain, indicates 10(-15) to 10(-16) mol of proteinase per HSDM1C1 cell. In fluorescence microscopy, DnsArgH fluorescence appears distributed throughout the fibrosarcoma cell without association to organelles. DnsArgH fluorescence from normal fibroblast controls (IMR-90) was found to be substantially lower than in the transformed fibrosarcoma cells, supporting a hypothesis that proteinases have a role in malignancy.
N-Nitroso compound contaminants in prescription and nonprescription drugs. (1979)

73 pharmaceutical products, consisteing of both prescription and over-the-counter drugs have been analyzed by gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis (GC-TEA) and high-pressure liquid chromatography-thermal energy analysis (HPLC-TEA) for the presence of N-nitroso compound contaminants. The methods used were designed to detect both volatile and non-volatile N-nitroso compounds at levels down to 1 ng/g (1 ppb). Results presented here indicate that N-nitroso compound impurities are absent from the majority of the products tested. However, for 3 of the drugs, our analysis suggests the possible presence of N-nitroso compounds at levels up to 81 ng/g (81 ppb). The identity of the suspect N-nitroso compounds have not yet been established. In the case of the over-the-counter drugs, two of these have been shown to contain TEA responsive materials (126 ppb, 406 ppb), that may appear to be O-nitroso compounds rather than N-nitroso.
<strong>Antiviral phytochemicals identified in <em>Rhododendron arboreum</em> petals exhibited strong binding to SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>Pro</sup> and Human ACE2 receptor</strong> (2020)

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects human respiratory function causing COVID-19 disease. Safe natural products with potential antiviral phytochemicals with benefits to control high-altitude sickness could be adopted as adjunct therapy for COVID-19. The red petals of Rhododendron arboreum, commonly available and consumed in the Himalayan region may have phytochemicals with potential antiviral properties against COVID-19 targets.Purpose: This study was aimed to profile the secondary metabolites of R. arboreum petals, to assess their absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) properties and evaluate their antiviral potential by docking against COVID-19 targets such as SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro PDB ID: 6LU7) and Human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor (PDB ID: 1R4L) that mediates the viral replication and entry into the host respectively.Methods: The phytochemicals of R. arboreum petals were mainly profiled using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and 1H-NMR. In addition, the phytochemicals reported from the literature were tabulated. The ADME properties of the phytochemicals were predicted using SwissADME tool. Molecular docking simulation of the phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro PDB ID: 6LU7) and Human Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor (PDB ID: 1R4L) were carried out using PyRx.Results: R. arboreum petals were found to be rich in appreciable proportions of secondary metabolites such as Quinic acid, 3-Caffeoyl-quinic acid, 5-O-Coumaroyl-D-quinic acid, 5-O-Feruloylquinic acid, 2,4-Quinolinediamine, Coumaric acid, Caffeic acid, Epicatechin, Catechin, 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid, Shikimic acid, Protocatechuic acid, Epicatechin gallate, Quercetin, Quercetin-O-pentoside, Quercetin-O-rhamnoside, Kaempferol-O-pentoside and Kaempferol. Several of these phytochemicals were reported to exhibit inhibitory activities against a range of viruses. From the molecular docking studies, 5-O-Feruloylquinic acid, 3-Caffeoyl-quinic acid, 5-O-Coumaroyl-D-quinic acid, Epicatechin and Catechin showed strong binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and human ACE2 receptor.Conclusion: This report showed that R. arboreum petals are rich in several antiviral phytochemicals that also docked against SARS-CoV-2 MPro and Human ACE2 receptor. This is the first report highlighting R. arboreum petals as a reservoir of antiviral phytochemicals with potential for synergetic activities. The outcomes merit further in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies on R. arboreum phytochemicals to develop natural formulations against COVID-19 disease for therapeutic benefits.
Iterative reconstruction of a region of interest for transmission tomography (2008)

It was shown that images reconstructed for transmission tomography with iterative maximum likelihood (ML) algorithms exhibit a higher signal-to-noise ratio than images reconstructed with filtered back-projection type algorithms. However, a drawback of ML reconstruction in particular and iterative reconstruction in general is the requirement that the reconstructed field of view (FOV) has to cover the whole volume that contributes to the absorption. In the case of a high resolution reconstruction, this demands a huge number of voxels. This article shows how an iterative ML reconstruction can be limited to a region of interest (ROI) without losing the advantages of a ML reconstruction. Compared with a full FOV ML reconstruction, the reconstruction speed is mainly increased by reducing the number of voxels which are necessary for a ROI reconstruction. In addition, the speed of convergence is increased.
Isolation and characterization of the integration host factor genes of Pasteurella haemolytica (2006)

Using a bacteriophage lambda complementation system in Escherichia coli, we cloned genes encoding subunits of the heterodimeric DNA binding/bending protein, integration host factor, from the bovine pathogen, Pasteurella haemolytica. Complementation of ihfA and ihfB mutations in E. coli demonstrated that the P. haemolytica gene products form functional heterologous heterodimers. The ihfA and ihfB genes encode polypeptides predicted to be 99 and 93 amino acids long, respectively, and are very similar to integration host factor subunits from other Gram-negative bacteria, although phylogenetic analysis indicated that the P. haemolytica sequences are distantly related to those from other bacteria. Most significant amino acid differences were restricted to the amino-terminal domains of the predicted peptides.
Tousled-like kinase 2 targets ASF1 histone chaperones through client mimicry (2022)

Tousled-like kinases (TLKs) are nuclear serine-threonine kinases essential for genome maintenance and proper cell division in animals and plants. A major function of TLKs is to phosphorylate the histone chaperone proteins ASF1a and ASF1b to facilitate DNA replication-coupled nucleosome assembly, but how TLKs selectively target these critical substrates is unknown. Here, we show that TLK2 selectivity towards ASF1 substrates is achieved in two ways. First, the TLK2 catalytic domain recognizes consensus phosphorylation site motifs in the ASF1 C-terminal tail. Second, a short sequence at the TLK2 N-terminus docks onto the ASF1a globular N-terminal domain in a manner that mimics its histone H3 client. Disrupting either catalytic or non-catalytic interactions through mutagenesis hampers ASF1 phosphorylation by TLK2 and cell growth. Our results suggest that the stringent selectivity of TLKs for ASF1 is enforced by an unusual interaction mode involving mutual recognition of a short sequence motifs by both kinase and substrate.
Introduction of peroxide groups onto carbon black surface by radical trapping and radical graft polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated by the surface peroxide groups (1996)

The introduction of peroxide groups onto carbon black surface was achieved through the trapping of the peroxide radicals formed by the decomposition of polymeric peroxide, such as poly(tetraethylene glycol peroxyadipate) (ATPPO), and bis-peroxide, such as 1,1′-bis (t-butyldioxy)cyclohexane (Perhexa-C), by the surface: the amount of peroxide groups introduced onto carbon black surface by the treatment with ATPPO and Perhexa-C were determined to be 0.07 mmol/g and 0.12 mmol/g, respectively. The polymerization of vinyl monomers with positive e-value, such as methyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethy methacrylate, was successfully initiated by the peroxide groups introduced onto carbon black surface. During the polymerization, the corresponding polymers were effectively grafted onto the surface as a result of the propagation of polymer from the surface radicals formed by decomposition of the peroxide groups. The polymerization of vinyl monomers with negative e-value, such as styrene and vinyl acetate, however, was scarcely initiated by the peroxide groups on carbon black. This may be due to the fact that surface active radicals, which were formed by the hydrogen abstraction from carbon black by fragment radicals, inhibit the polymerization of vinyl monomers with negative e-value. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SU‐C‐103‐06: Isocenter Calibration Concept and Feasibility for MR‐Guided Radiation Therapy (MRgRT) (2013)

Purpose: To describe and assess feasibility of a novel MR‐to‐Linac isocenter calibration tool for magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy (MRgRT™). Methods: The MRgRT system co‐developed by IMRIS and Varian employs a movable MR system, which travels into a Linac vault. To support MR‐based couch corrections based on MR‐to‐MR registration, we developed a software tool to calibrate the MR‐to‐Linac coordinate system transformation and apply it to MR images acquired for treatment guidance. To assess feasibility, we quantified repeatability of the movable MRI system at MR isocenter by securing an ACR phantom to a fixed IMRIS interventional table, and moving the MR system between the two adjacent rooms simulate normal function. We performed 18 cycles over two days in which we acquired 3D MRI datasets with 1 mm isotropic resolution. We assessed position variability by registering the MR volume for each cycle to the first volume, and tabulating transform parameters. Separately, we investigated if a calibrated position encoder on the magnet mover could minimize the z‐direction shift variability. Results: Greatest isocenter variability was observed in the z direction, with mean shift of 0.21 +/− 0.12 mm over both days. The greatest rotational variability was observed about the z‐axis, with mean rotation of 0.8 +/− 0.8 mrad over both days. Maximum shift was 0.51 mm in the z direction, and maximum rotation was 1.7 mrad about the z‐axis. In the separate repeatability experiment we found that the calibrated position encoder reduced the mean z‐shift variability from 0.59 +/− 0.35 mm to 0.17 +/− 0.13 mm. Conclusion: We showed that the movable MRI system provides a consistent within‐day and between‐day isocenter location, and z‐shift variability can be minimized with a position encoder. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using an MR‐to‐Linac isocenter calibration tool for the MRgRT system. Jeff Winter, Michael Westmore and Meir Dahan are all employees of IMRIS, the company co‐developing the MRgRT system. Funding for the MRgRT project at Princess Margaret Hospital was provided by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation.
Computation-Efficient Variable Angle Phase-Shifting PWM Method for Cascaded H-Bridge Converters (2022)

When unbalances happen among the cells of a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converter, variable angle phase-shifting (VAPS) pulse-width modulation (PWM) methods can be employed to improve the total harmonic distortion (THD) performance. However, as conventional methods are based on optimization algorithms which require a huge amount of evolutionary computations, the optimal carrier phase-shifting (PS) angles cannot be timely updated with a common standard digital signal processor (DSP) or microcontroller. During the period when the optimization is not finished, the THD of the total output voltage may significantly increase, bringing about higher power losses. Thus, a computation-efficient VAPS PWM method is proposed in this paper. With multiple calculation units (CUs) implemented in field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), multiple calculations can be executed in parallel, significantly improving the optimization speed of the VAPS PWM method. Experimental results on a 4-cell CHB converter have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Outcomes of Simultaneous Liver/Kidney Transplants Are Equivalent to Kidney Transplant Alone: A Preliminary Report (2010)

SLK is a life-saving procedure with excellent patient and graft survival. AMR incidence in the KTx appears reduced in SLK compared with KTA regardless of level of preoperative panel reactive antibody. A high level of donor-specific antibody should not preclude simultaneous transplantation when clinically indicated.
CLARITY at the TREC 2011 Microblog Track (2011)

For the first year of the TREC Microblog Track the CLARITY group concentrated on a number of areas, investigating the underlying term weighting scheme for ranking tweets, incorporating query expansion to introduce new terms into the query, as well as introducing an element of temporal re-weighting based on the temporal distribution of assumed relevant microblogs.
ChemInform Abstract: CROWN COMPLEX AND AMMONIUM ION EFFECTS IN THE CANNIZZARO REACTION (1976)

Abstract Dimethylsulfon (I) und Benzaldehyd (II) werden in Gegenwart von Katalysatoren zu dem Cyclus (III) umgesetzt, jedoch werden zusätzlich wesentliche Anteile der über eine Cannizzaro‐Reaktion gebildeten Benzoesäure (IV) isoliert.
Development of an Informative Lithium-Ion Battery Datasheet (2021)

Lithium-ion battery datasheets, also known as specification sheets, are documents that battery manufacturers provide to define the battery’s function, operational limit, performance, reliability, safety, cautions, prohibitions, and warranty. Product manufacturers and customers rely on the datasheets for battery selection and battery management. However, battery datasheets often have ambiguous and, in many cases, misleading terminology and data. This paper reviews and evaluates the datasheets of 25 different lithium-ion battery types from eleven major battery manufacturers. Issues that customers may face are discussed, and recommendations for developing an informative and valuable datasheet that will help customers procure suitable batteries are presented.
Physical Properties of Nomex Yarns Pretreated with Various Amines (2003)

In this study, we pretreat aramid (Nomex®) yarns with ethylene diamine (EDA), diethylene triamine (DETA), and triethylene tetramine (TETA) under different conditions and study some physical properties. The values of changes in tensile strength retention ΔTSR increase and then decrease, and basic dye uptake [D] f and wicking height WH increase with increased pretreating temperature, time period, and amine concentration. The rank of the minus values of Δ TSR for the pretreated fibers is EDA &gt; DETA &gt; TETA. but the tendencies of the plus values of ΔTSR and of [ D] f , WH, and shrinkage are inverse at a given pretreating temperature, time period, and amine concentration. The glass transition temperatures and densities of the crystals are ranked as EDA &gt; DETA &gt; TETA. Surface etching on TETA pretreated fibers is more obvious than on EDA pretreated fibers. The polymer chains of aramid fibers may rearrange through shrinkage of the fibers during pretreatment, and some degradation of the Nomex polymer chains may occur at higher amine concentrations.
Optical Performance of Fiber Collimators Fabricated by Direct Splicing of Angled Fiber to Lens (2006)

Direct splicing is expected to markedly reduce the size and manufacturing cost of fiber collimators. We have successfully suppressed the return and the coupling losses of the fiber collimators fabricated by the direct splicing of an angled fiber to a lens. A return loss of 66.5 dB and a coupling loss of 0.13 dB on average were obtained. The tensile strength of the spliced portion was measured to be larger than 2.0 N. Moreover, the environmental tests of the fiber collimators showed sufficient reliability. Fiber collimators directly spliced with angled fibers can be used in various optical devices for telecommunication.
Deep Learning Approaches on Defect Detection in High Resolution Aerial Images of Insulators (2021)

By detecting the defect location in high-resolution insulator images collected by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in various environments, the occurrence of power failure can be timely detected and the caused economic loss can be reduced. However, the accuracies of existing detection methods are greatly limited by the complex background interference and small target detection. To solve this problem, two deep learning methods based on Faster R-CNN (faster region-based convolutional neural network) are proposed in this paper, namely Exact R-CNN (exact region-based convolutional neural network) and CME-CNN (cascade the mask extraction and exact region-based convolutional neural network). Firstly, we proposed an Exact R-CNN based on a series of advanced techniques including FPN (feature pyramid network), cascade regression, and GIoU (generalized intersection over union). RoI Align (region of interest align) is introduced to replace RoI pooling (region of interest pooling) to address the misalignment problem, and the depthwise separable convolution and linear bottleneck are introduced to reduce the computational burden. Secondly, a new pipeline is innovatively proposed to improve the performance of insulator defect detection, namely CME-CNN. In our proposed CME-CNN, an insulator mask image is firstly generated to eliminate the complex background by using an encoder-decoder mask extraction network, and then the Exact R-CNN is used to detect the insulator defects. The experimental results show that our proposed method can effectively detect insulator defects, and its accuracy is better than the examined mainstream target detection algorithms.
Role of the mu 1 protein in reovirus stability and capacity to cause chromium release from host cells (1996)

The reovirus M2 gene is associated with the capacity of type 3 strain Abney (T3A) intermediate subviral particles (ISVPs) to permeabilize cell membranes as measured by chromium (51Cr) release (P. Lucia-Jandris, J. W. Hooper, and B. N. Fields, J. Virol. 67:5339-5345, 1993). In addition, reovirus mutants with lesions in the M2 gene can be selected by heating virus at 37 degrees C for 20 min in 33% ethanol (D. R. Wessner and B. N. Fields, J. Virol. 67:2442-2447, 1993). In this report we investigated the mechanism by which the reovirus M2 gene product (the mu 1 protein) influences the capacity of reovirus ISVPs to permeabilize membranes, using ethanol-selected T3A mutants. Each of three T3A ethanol-resistant mutants isolated (JH2, JH3, and JH4) exhibited a decreased capacity to cause 51Cr release relative to that of wild-type T3A. Sequence analysis of the M2 genes of wild-type T3A and the T3A mutants indicated that each mutant possesses a single amino acid substitution in a central region of the 708-amino-acid mu 1 protein: JH2 (residue 466, Tyr to Cys), JH3 (residue 459, Lys to Glu), and JH4 (residue 497 Pro to Ser). Assays performed with reovirus natural isolates, reassortants, and a set of previously characterized type 3 strain Dearing (T3D) ethanol-resistant mutants revealed a strong correlation between ethanol sensitivity and the capacity to cause 51Cr release. We found that ISVPs generated from the T3A and T3D mutants were stable when heated to 50 degrees C, whereas wild-type T3A ISVPs are inactivated under these conditions. Together, these data suggest that amino acid substitutions in a central region of the mu 1 protein affect the capacity of the ISVP to permeabilize L-cell membranes by altering the stability of the virus particle.