gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering the next generation of photorechargeable zinc-air batteries (2022)

Solar energy has been identified as one of the key building blocks of the future energy generation mix required to meet greenhouse gas emissions targets while leading the way to a zero-carbon economy. In our opinion, photorechargeable zinc-air batteries offer a sustainable and affordable option for delivering continuity in electrical energy supply by utilizing solar energy to improve charging performance and energy efficiency while reducing fossil fuel dependence. However, critical issues of low light utilization efficiency, photochemical instability, poor interfacial charge transfer kinetics and energy efficiency surrounding the development of these systems must be addressed to accelerate full-scale implementation. This timely perspective provides a brief overview of current photorechargeable Zn-air batteries while highlighting recent advances, limitations, and emerging opportunities required for this promising technology.
Allowance allocation in the European emissions trading system: a commentary (2005)

Abstract We review the total allocations under the EU ETS first phase and compare these against historical emissions, projections, and national Kyoto targets. We conclude that most Phase 1 allocations are excessive on all these measures, particularly the last, and argue that this is potentially damaging in several respects. We argue that: fundamentally different allocation methodologies (that avoid updating and referencing against projected emissions) must be considered for Phase 2; that industrial concerns about competitiveness should be carefully scrutinized on a specific sub-sector basis rather than taken as a generic reason for generous allocations; and that EU-level institutions should agree stronger guidelines to ensure a greater degree of coordination, comparability and transparency in Phase 2 national allocation plans.
Identification of Aging Mechanisms for Non-Destructive Pulsed Magnets Operating in the 60 T Range (2004)

Pulsed magnets are exposed to mechanical, thermal and electrical stresses whose combined effect shortens their lifetime even in the nondestructive regime. In the end it is often impossible to identify the exact origin of a magnet failure as most of the observed damage results from electric arcs that can be caused by both insulation breakdowns and conductor ruptures. We report on recent investigations considering both scenarios.
Breast 18 (2002)

Aims: The presence of cerbB-2 oncoprotein is said to predict failure to respond to endocrine therapy in breast cancer (particularly tamoxifen). The aim of the study was to determine whether the effect of oestrogen deprivation (by stopping HRT) on breast cancer is related to cerbB-2 oncoprotein expression. Methods and study: We identified 129 women who were on HRT at the time of diagnosis of breast cancer by core biopsy. Out of 129 women, 114 stopped HRT and 15 continued HRT till surgery. Ki67 (a marker of cell proliferation), progesterone receptor (PR), ER (oestrogen receptor) and cyclin D1 (a cell cycle inducer) were measured by immunohistochemistry on paired sections of core biopsy and operative specimens. CerbB-2 was measured on the operative specimen and was scored from 0 to 3. Results: Stopping HRT led to a significant fall in epithelial proliferation compared to continued group (P = 0.05), more so in ER positives (P = 0.045)* Mann–Whitney test. PR (P = 0.007)* and cyclin D1 (P = 0.05)* decreased significantly in responding tumours regardless of cerbB-2 status (P = 0.498, Kruskal–Wallis test). Conclusion: CerbB-2 expression does not prevent fall in cell proliferation due to HRT withdrawal. Aromatase inhibitors may still be the optimal strategy for ER and cerbB-2-positive breast cancers.
Quantitative simulation of errors in correlation analysis (2001)

Bounding the errors of measurements derived from correlation functions of light scattered from some physical systems is typically complicated by the ill conditioning of the data inversion. Parameter values are estimated from fitting well-chosen models to measurements taken for long enough to look acceptable, or at least to yield convergence to some reasonable result. We show some simple numerical simulations that indicate the possibility of substantial and unanticipated errors even in comparatively simple experiments. We further show quantitative evidence for the effectiveness of a number of ad hoc aspects of the art of performing good light-scattering experiments and recovering useful measurements from them. Separating data-inversion properties from experimental inconsistencies may lead to a better understanding and better bounding of some errors, giving new ways to improve overall experimental accuracy.
High electromechanical strain and enhanced temperature characteristics in lead-free (Na,Bi)TiO3–BaTiO3 thin films on Si substrates (2018)

Here, we demonstrate the high electromechanical strain and enhanced temperature characteristics in the c-axis-oriented lead-free (Na,Bi)TiO<sub>3</sub>-BaTiO<sub>3</sub> (NBT-BT) polycrystalline thin film prepared on Si substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. The effective transverse piezoelectric coefficient, e<sub>31</sub><sup>*</sup>, estimated from the electromechanical strain measured under high electric field, reaches a high level of -12.5 C/m<sup>2</sup>, and is comparable to those of conventional Pb(Zr,Ti)O<sub>3</sub> films. In-situ X-ray diffraction measurement and electron diffraction analysis revealed the electromechanical strain of the NBT-BT film to originate predominantly in elongation of the tetragonal (P4bm) crystal lattice in the c-axis direction. In addition to the large e<sub>31</sub><sup>*</sup>, the NBT-BT film exhibits enhanced permittivity maximum temperature, T<sub>m</sub>, of ~400 °C and no depolarization below T<sub>m</sub>, as compared to bulk NBT-BT having T<sub>m</sub> ≈ 300 °C and a depolarization temperature of ~100 °C. We conclude that the enhancement of temperature characteristics is associated with the distorted P4bm crystal lattice formed by deposition-induced stress and defects. We believe that the present study paves the way for practical applications of lead-free piezoelectric thin films in electromechanical devices.
Limits on Thermal Emission from Multiple Coupled Resonators (2020)

We develop a temporal coupled-mode theory to describe thermal emission from an arbitrary number of coupled resonators. We derive bounds on total power emitted as a function of bandwidth and verify it with numerical examples.
Plate Impact and Penetration at the Ballistic Launch Tube: Experiments (2019)

This report details the data collected from plate impact experiments performed at the Ballistics Launch Tube (BLT) in May 2019. The experiments consisted of 62 shots of copper projectiles (cylindrical and ogive) impacting 1/4", 1/2", and 3/4" aluminum plates at varying velocities. An additional 14 shots of copper cylinders on a 1" steel plate were fired at varying velocities as a Taylor anvil test. We recorded videos of the impact events and resulting fragmentation using a multi-view system of three high speed cameras. The purpose of these tests was to collect high quality data from the multi-view camera system and create digital representations of the deformed target, projectile and fragments. This data is intended to be used as validation data set for high fidelity simulation codes. This report covers the experimental setup, diagnostics, and collected data. Data processing and analysis are underway and will be discussed in a separate report.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DISACCHARIDES OF α‐D LINKAGE BY CYCLOADDITION: 3‐O‐α‐L‐FUCOPYRANOSYL‐D‐GLUCOSE, 3‐O‐(2‐ACETAMIDO‐2‐DEOXY‐α‐D‐GALACTOPYRANOSYL)‐D‐GLUCOSE AND 3‐O‐α‐D‐TALOPYRANOSYL‐D‐GLUCOSE (1983)

Abstract Die Reduktion der primären Hydroxylgruppe im ungesättigten Zuckerderivat (I) über die entsprechende Iodverbindung führt zum 6′‐Desoxyderivat (II), das zum lyxo‐(III) und ribo‐Epoxid (IV) umgesetzt wird.
X-ray diffraction studies of the crystallization of phase change nanoparticles produced by self-assembly-based techniques (2007)

The crystallization behavior of phase change nanoparticles can provide useful insight into the scaling properties of phase change materials and of related memory devices. While such nanoparticles can be fabricated using electron-beam lithography, this method is expensive and time-consuming. We have therefore developed fabrication techniques based on self-assembly-based lithographic processes. We have successfully made three types of phase change nanoparticle samples, and have applied time-resolved X-ray diffraction to study their crystallization behavior. Two kinds of self-assembling diblock-copolymers were applied to pattern the phase change materials. In one case self-assembled PS-b-P4VP (polystyrene-b-polyvinylpyridine) was formed on top of an amorphous GeSb phase change film and was used to locally grow SiO2 dots on top of the P4VP domains. The SiO2 dots then served as a hard mask to transfer the pattern into the GeSb film using reactive ion etching and ion milling, and isolated 15 nm diameter dots were formed. It was found that these GeSb nanoparticles have a crystallization temperature that is 15oC lower than comparable blanket film. In the second case cylindrical-phase PS-bPMMA (polystyrene-b-poly(methylmethacrylate)) films were used. After removal of the PMMA domains, AgInSbTe phase change material was deposited by sputtering using a substrate rf bias and a collimator for better conformality. After lift-off of the PS, isolated AgInSbTe nanoparticles of about 20nm diameter were obtained that showed a crystallization temperature of 175oC, slightly higher than blanket film (165oC). The same PS-b-PMMA template was used to deposit newly-developed spin-on phase change material. A GeSeSb precursor was synthesized by dissolving GeSe and Sb2Se3 in hydrazine in the presence of additional elemental selenium. The template was filled with precursor by spin casting, then annealed to form an array of ~20 nm diameter GeSbSe nanoparticles. Finally, the PS template was dissolved to leave the nanoparticles. These arrays crystallized at about 215°C which is 35 °C lower than a blanket film. All of these experiments confirm that phase change devices should scale to well below 20nm.
Design and monitoring of narrow bandpass filters composed of non-quarter-wave thicknesses (2008)

Narrow bandpass filters have historically been designs of quarter waves at the passband wavelength, and have been monitored at the turning points using the passband wavelength. By direct monitoring at the passband wavelength, errors have been shown to be primarily self compensated, and have allowed much better performance than could otherwise be expected. The turning points are difficult to detect precisely and accurately because the change in transmittance with thickness becomes zero at the desired termination point. By proper design with non-quarter-wave layers, essentially the same spectral performance can be achieved by layer terminations that are far enough from turning points to be significantly more sensitive termination points. The design approach is to maintain the optical thickness of the reflector layer pairs at one half-wave of the passband wavelength, but change the ratio of the optical thicknesses of the high and low index layers. These can be adjusted enough so that the thicker layers contain two turning points and the last turning point in the layer can be more accurately and precisely determined. The error compensation benefit from the historic method should be maintained. This leads to potentially improved control during deposition and monitoring of narrow bandpass filters.
Analysis of Drugs and Drug Metabolites in Body Fluids by CVA-Mass Spectrometry. Analysis of Morphine in Urine by CVA-Mass Spectrometry (1974)

The problem -- drug abuse; The concept of CVA-mass spectrometry; CVA-mass spectrometry of standard solutions of drugs; Therapeutic non-abuse drug analyses; Drug poisoning analyses; Rapid drug screening; Detection of heroin abuse; Detection of drugs in saliva, breath, skin wipings; Detection of methadone and amphetamine use; Description of instrument.
Molecular Features Distinguish Gastric Cancer Subtypes (2018)

Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths [...].
On improving vector excitation coders through the use of spherical lattice codebooks (SLCs) (2003)

Two novel techniques for use in VXC (vector excitation coding) speech coders are presented. The first enables massive excitation codebooks (>or=20 b) to be used at realizable complexities by using a novel spherical lattice codebook for the excitation codebook. The second technique is a generalization of the gain-optimized error measure which allows any number of gains to be calculated for each excitation vector. This multiple-gain VXC can be thought of as a hybrid between multipulse and VXC.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stereospecific 1H and 13C NMR Assignments of Crotonyl CoA and Hexadienoyl CoA:  Conformational Analysis and Comparison with Protein−CoA Complexes (1998)

Stereospecific 1H and 13C resonance assignments of hexadienoyl-CoA and crotonyl-CoA have been determined. The two diastereotopic methyl groups at the C2'' carbon were assigned via transferred nuclear Overhauser effect experiments on the complex of hexadienoyl-CoA with the enzyme enoyl-CoA hydratase. The two diastereotopic 1'' protons were assigned using heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation experiments in conjunction with rotating frame nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy. This represents the first set of complete stereospecific assignments for any CoA derivative. The assignments allow a detailed quantitative conformational analysis of the uncomplexed form of the molecule. In particular, the relative population of the various rotamers about the C1''−C2'' and the C2''−C3'' bonds have been determined. The database of protein-bound CoA structures has been surveyed and used to compare the structure(s) of CoA in protein−CoA complexes with the conformational preferences of free CoA.
Liquid exfoliation of mechanochemically nanostructured tungsten disulfide to a graphene-like state (2017)

The possibility of the efficient preparation of graphene-like 1H-WS<sub>2</sub> by the primary solventless nanostructuration of bulk 2H-WS<sub>2</sub> by means of its mechanochemical treatment in the presence of a chemically inert agent (NaCl) and the subsequent liquid exfoliation of the nanostructured 2H-WS<sub>2</sub> in an organic solvent is shown for the first time. The shear stresses generated during the grinding of the WS<sub>2</sub>/NaCl mixture caused the formation of WS<sub>2</sub> particles with a reduced number of layers, while the stresses normal to their surface led to their cracking and a significant reduction in lateral size. The graphene-like morphology of the 1H-WS<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles in the prepared dispersions is confirmed by atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The semiconducting character of 1Н-WS<sub>2</sub> is supported by electron absorption and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data.
Correlation between structure and performanceof vacuum gas oil hydrocracking catalysts in a batch reactor (2013)

International @ RAFFINAGE+RHE:MTF:PAF:CLO
Cancer/Testis Genes in Multiple Myeloma: Expression Patterns and Vaccination Strategies Determined by Microarray Analysis. (2006)

Abstract Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are expressed in testis and malignant tumors, but rarely in non-gametogenic tissues. Due to this pattern, they represent attractive targets for cancer vaccination approaches. The aims of the present study were (1) to assess for the first time the expression of CT genes on a pangenomic basis in multiple myeloma (MM), (2) to provide selection strategies of CT antigens for clinical vaccination trials and (3) to assess the impact of CT gene expression on event-free survival. We report here the expression pattern of CT genes in purified MM cells (MMC) of 64 patients with newly-diagnosed MM, 12 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS), in normal plasma cell and B cell samples and in 20 MMC lines, using gene expression profiling (GEP). Out of 46 CT genes interrogated by the Affymetrix HG U133 Set arrays, 35 were expressed in MMC of at least one patient, according to the Affymetrix “present” call (frequency range: 2% – 66%). Of these, 24 CT genes were expressed in more than 5% of the MMC samples and 25 are located on chromosome X. MMC of 98% of the patients expressed at least one CT gene, 86% at least two, and 70% at least three CT genes. By using a set of 10 CT genes including KM-HN-1, MAGE-C1, MAGE-A3/6/12, MAGE-A5, MORC, DDX43, SPACA3, SSX-4, GAGE-1–8 and MAGE-C2, a combination of at least three CT genes - desirable to circumvent tumor escape mechanisms and immune tolerance - could be obtained in MMC of 67% of the patients. Thus, gene expression profiling can be used to select CT antigens as vaccination targets in individual patients. In a series of MMC from 111 patients treated with the same high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation protocol and having a median two-year follow-up, we found that the expression of six CT genes, i.e. CTAG-1B, CTAG-2, MAGE-A1, MAGE-A2, MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A6 was associated with a shorter event-free survival (EFS). Furthermore, considering only the 25 CT genes encoded by chromosome X, a CT-Xhigh cluster comprising MMC of one third of the patients (35 of 111) could be defined using a binary hierarchical clustering based on Affymetrix call. Patients in the CT-Xhigh cluster had a shorter EFS (median 13 months) compared to patients in the CT-Xlow cluster (median 18 months, P = .003). The CT-Xhigh clsuter included more patients with a stage III disease (P = .004). These results confirm data from previous studies indicating that patients expressing some CT genes located on chromosome X have a poor outcome.
The Healthy Work Survey (2023)

The HWS is a reliable, valid tool for organizations and individuals to assess psychosocial work hazards.
Gender-Specific Differences in the Kinetics of Nonfasting TRL, IDL, and LDL Apolipoprotein B-100 in Men and Premenopausal Women (2008)

These data suggest the mechanism for lower TRL-C and LDL-C concentrations in women was determined predominantly by higher TRL and LDL FCR rather than lower PR. This could explain, in part, the lower CVD risk in premenopausal women relative to men.
Biological treatment of mineral oil in a salty environment (2000)

Mineral oil may be spilled into the marine or coastal environment through the discharges of ballast and bilge water, dry docking activities and tanker and non-tanker accidents to contaminate both of the seawater and coastline, especially in harbors. The unsuitable storage and disposal of wasted mineral oil may also contaminate saltified soil or brackish groundwater that have been polluted by salty wastes or intruded by seawater in coastal areas. In order to clean those contaminated sites, the mineral oil must be removed from the salty environment. In this study, a lab-scale aerobic biofilter-biotrickling tower system packed with particulate plastic media (1.5 cm, hexagon in shape) was used to treat the salty artificial wastewater polluted by mineral oil (diesel fuel) mixed with chemical dispersant (CPC OD-10) and inorganic nutrients. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) escaped from the biofilter due to aeration was then treated by the biotrickling tower of the treatment system. According to the experimental results, the optimal removal efficiencies of the emulsified diesel in this salty water was found to be 95% controlled under concentrations as high as 1000 mg TOC/L of diesel in the influent and volumetric loading rate of 1.5 kg TOC/m3-day. The biodegradation rate constant (k) was measured to be 0.169 hr–1 for a first-order reaction assumed. As to the removal efficiency for VOCs, a low percentage of 68.2% was measured due to short hydraulic retention time (10 seconds) applied to the tower. However, only a small fraction (7.9%) of total amounts of diesel was measured as VOCs. The chemical dispersant used in this study was biodegradable, which could be used as a surfactant to emulsify the mineral oil into seawater for biological treatment. Due to short HRT applied to this aerobic biofilter-biotrickling tower treatment system, both the surface area and reactor volume required to build this treatment equipment are thus decreased to make it more easily set up in a mobile ship or truck. Thus, we may treat the mineral oil in marine or any other salty environment more conveniently.
Direct Renin Inhibition With Aliskiren in Obese Patients With Arterial Hypertension (2007)

Current guidelines from the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure recommend first-line treatment with a thiazide diuretic but do not provide specific guidance for obese patients. The renin system is activated in obesity-associated arterial hypertension. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the oral direct renin inhibitor aliskiren could provide additive blood pressure lowering in obese patients with hypertension (body mass index >or=30 kg/m(2); mean sitting diastolic blood pressure: 95 to 109 mm Hg) who had not responded to 4 weeks of treatment with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg. After a 2- to 4-week washout, 560 patients received single-blind HCTZ (25 mg) for 4 weeks; 489 nonresponders were randomly assigned to double-blind aliskiren (150 mg), irbesartan (150 mg), amlodipine (5 mg), or placebo for 4 weeks added to HCTZ (25 mg), followed by 8 weeks on double the initial doses of aliskiren, irbesartan, or amlodipine. After 8 weeks of double-blind treatment (4 weeks on the higher dose), aliskiren/HCTZ lowered blood pressure by 15.8/11.9 mm Hg, significantly more (P<0.0001) than placebo/HCTZ (8.6/7.9 mm Hg). Aliskiren/HCTZ provided blood pressure reductions similar to those with irbesartan/HCTZ and amlodipine/HCTZ (15.4/11.3 and 13.6/10.3 mm Hg, respectively), with similar tolerability to placebo/HCTZ. Adverse event rates were highest with amlodipine/HCTZ because of a higher incidence of peripheral edema (11.1% versus 0.8% to 1.6% in other groups). In conclusion, combination treatment with aliskiren is a highly effective and well-tolerated therapeutic option for obese patients with hypertension who fail to achieve blood pressure control with first-line thiazide diuretic treatment.
Pivotal role of the muscle-contraction pathway in cryptorchidism and evidence for genomic connections with cardiomyopathy pathways in RASopathies (2013)

The developed gene atlas represents an important resource for the scientific community researching genetics of cryptorchidism. The collected data will further facilitate development of novel genetic markers and could be of interest for functional studies in animals and human. The proposed network-based systems biology approach elucidates molecular mechanisms underlying co-presence of cryptorchidism and cardiomyopathy in RASopathies. Such approach could also aid in molecular explanation of co-presence of diverse and apparently unrelated clinical manifestations in other syndromes.
High-Performance Throughput Computing (2005)

CMT processors offer a way to significantly improve the performance of computer systems. The return on investment for multithreading is among the highest in computer microarchitectural techniques. If you design a core from scratch to support multithreading, gains as high as 3/spl times/ are possible for just a 20 percent increase in area. Even with throughput performance as the main target, we have shown that the microarchitecture necessary to support threads on a CMT can also achieve high single-thread performance. Hardware scouting, which Sun is implementing on the Rock microprocessor, can increase the single-thread performance of applications by up to 40 percent. Alternatively, scouting is a technique that makes the on-chip caches appear much larger, performance robustness technique, making up for code tailored for different on-chip cache sizes or even a different number and levels of caches.