gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Women with Hypopituitarism (2001)

Patients with hypopituitarism have increased cardiovascular mortality. A high prevalence of conventional cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity, central fat distribution, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, have been described in these patients. The inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 are predictors of cardiovascular events, and high levels of CRP have been reported in men with hypopituitarism and GH deficiency. However, little is known about inflammatory cardiovascular risk markers in women with hypopituitarism. We therefore investigated whether inflammatory and traditional cardiovascular risk markers are elevated in women with hypopituitarism. Fifty-three women with hypopituitarism and 111 healthy control women were included in this cross-sectional study. Morning blood samples were drawn after an overnight fast. Serum was assayed for CRP, IL-6, glucose, insulin, IGF-I, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), E2, total testosterone (total T) and free testosterone (free T), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. IL-6 and CRP levels were higher in women with hypopituitarism than in healthy controls (P < 0.0001 for comparison between groups). In a multivariate model, CRP levels depended on hypopituitarism, body mass index (BMI), and estrogen use. There was an interaction between the effect of BMI and hypopituitarism on CRP levels, such that the importance of hypopituitarism in determining CRP levels disappeared at high BMIs. In a similar multivariate model, IL-6 levels depended on hypopituitarism and BMI. Total cholesterol, the total to HDL cholesterol ratio, and triglycerides were higher in hypopituitary patients, but only triglycerides and the total to HDL cholesterol ratio depended on hypopituitarism when controlling for BMI. There was no significant difference in lipoprotein(a) levels between hypopituitary women and control subjects. However, when controlling for estrogen use, lipoprotein(a) levels showed a trend toward being lower in the hypopituitary group (P = 0.075). In patients with hypopituitarism, CRP correlated negatively with IGF-I (r = -0.35; P = 0.010), total T (r = -0.42; P = 0.0020), and free T (r = -0.30; P = 0.031). Similarly, IL-6 correlated negatively with total T (r = -0.39; P = 0.0040) and androstenedione (r = -0.27; P = 0.048) in hypopituitary patients. In conclusion, hypopituitary women have increased levels of IL-6 and CRP, both of which are inflammatory markers of atherosclerosis. GH deficiency and androgen deficiency may contribute to these findings. Chronic inflammation may contribute to the high cardiovascular risk seen in this population.
Pulmonary cell culture models to study the safety and efficacy of innovative aerosol medicines (2008)

Suitable cell culture models of the cellular part of the human air-blood barrier are established and well characterised. However, the physical barriers on top of the cellular barriers - surfactant, mucus and so on - and their influence on the safety and efficacy of aerosol medicines, are still underestimated.
A deep learning approach for COVID-19 screening and localization on chest x-ray images (2022)

Chest X-ray (CXR) images have a high potential in the monitoring and examination of various lung diseases, including COVID-19. However, the screening of a large number of patients with diagnostic hypothesis for COVID-19 poses a major challenge for physicians. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based approach that can simultaneously suggest a diagnose and localize lung opacity areas in CXR images. We used a public dataset containing 5, 639 posteroanterior CXR images. Due to unbalanced classes (69.2% of the images are COVID-19 positive), data augmentation was applied only to images belonging to the normal category. We split the dataset into train and test sets with proportional rate at 90:10. To the classification task, we applied 5-fold cross-validation to the training set. The EfficientNetB4 architecture was used to perform this classification. We used a YOLOv5 pre-trained in COCO dataset to the detection task. Evaluations were based on accuracy and area under the ROC curve (AUROC) metrics to the classification task and mean average precision (mAP) to the detection task. The classification task achieved an average accuracy of 0.83 ± 0.01 (95% CI [0.81, 0.84]) and AUC of 0.88 ± 0.02 (95% CI [0.85, 0.89]) in 5-fold over the test dataset. The best result was reached in fold 3 (0.84 and 0.89 of accuracy and AUC, respectively). Positive results were evaluated by the opacity detector, which achieved a mAP of 59.51%. Thus, the good performance and rapid diagnostic prediction make the system a promising means to assist radiologists in decision making tasks.
Comparison of adriamycin-induced nucleolar segregation in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and liver cells. (1978)

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either 2.5, 3.5, or 5.0 mg/kg of adriamycin by iv injection. After 1 or 3 hours of treatment, samples of liver, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle cells were examined by electron microscopy. The changes in ultrastructure observed in these tissues after the first hour included nucleolar segregation and altered distribution of the perinucleolar chromatin. However, no alterations in the ultrastructure of either the nucleus or cytoplasm were observed in tissues examined 3 hours after a 5-mg/kg dose of adriamycin. The doses at which nucleolar alterations occurred varied between tissues. In skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, marked alterations in nucleolar ultrastructure were observed at doses of 3.5 and 5.0 mg/kg of adriamycin. Liver cell nucleoli, however, exhibited few structural aberrations at these doses. The similarities in response of skeletal and cardiac muscle suggest that ultrastructural analysis of skeletal muscle biopsies may be useful in evaluating adriamycin cardiotoxicity.
THE ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE SPECIFIC CYTOPLASMIC GRANULES OF RABBIT POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUCOCYTES (1960)

A method has been described for isolation of the specific cytoplasmic granules of rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Homogeneous suspensions of leucocytes were disrupted by lysis in 0.34 M sucrose. This procedure liberated the cytoplasmic contents of the cell and dissolved a considerable proportion of the nuclei. Following disruption, the sucrose lysate was separated into three fractions by differential centrifugation, i.e. 400 g or nuclear pellet, 8,200 g or granule pellet and the postgranule supernate. Microscopic examination revealed that the 8,200 g pellet was composed of intact granules as well as occasional mitochondria. The other two fractions were morphologically heterogeneous. Studies with isolated granules demonstrated their lysis by a variety of weak acids and surface-active agents. When buffered solutions were employed between the ranges of pH 2.0 and 9.0, granule lysis began at pH 5.5 and was complete at pH 4.0. Chemical analysis disclosed that the granule pellet contained protein and phospholipid with only traces of nucleic acids. Approximately 70 to 80 per cent of the total cellular antimicrobial agent phagocytin was present in the granule fraction. This material was liberated from the granules by acid (pH 5.0 or lower). Studies on selected enzymes showed that acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nucleotidase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, and beta glucuronidase were predominantly localized in the granule fraction. Approximately 50 per cent of total cellular lysozyme and cathepsin were also present in the 8,200 g pellet. Disruption of the granules was associated with the release of the majority of granule protein and enzymes in a non-sedimentable form. The properties and composition of rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocyte granules seem to be analogous to those of liver lysosomes.
Lithium Chloride Induces TNFα in Mouse Macrophages Via MEK–ERK‐Dependent Pathway (2013)

Lithium (Li) is one of the currently prescribed drugs for bipolar disorders (BPDs) and has many neuro-regulatory and immune-modulating properties. Because many neuro-pathological diseases including BPDs have been associated with some level of inflammation, Li's effect on inflammation may have some crucial consequences. Even though Li has been shown to have pro- and anti-inflammatory activities in different cell models, mechanisms involved in these effects are not well understood. Moreover, Li's effect on inflammation in the presence of activators of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), especially TLR-2 (that activates MyD88-dependent pathway) and TLR-3 (that activates TRIF-dependent pathway) is not known. Here we tested the role of Li in the presence and absence of TLR2, and TLR3 on MAPK and NFκB pathways and the consequent production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in Raw264.7 macrophages. Our results indicate that Li enhances TNFα production both in the absence and presence of TLR stimulation. Interestingly, Li differentially modulates MAPK and NFκB pathways in the absence and presence of TLR2/3 ligands. Our results further indicate that the effect of Li on TNFα occurs at the post-transcriptional level. Together, these studies demonstrate that Li induces TNFα production in macrophages and that it modulates signaling at different levels depending on the presence or absence of TLR2/3 stimulation.
Effective web crawling (2005)

The key factors for the success of the World Wide Web are its large size and the lack of a centralized control over its contents. Both issues are also the most important source of problems for locating information. The Web is a context in which traditional Information Retrieval methods are challenged, and given the volume of the Web and its speed of change, the coverage of modern search engines is relatively small. Moreover, the distribution of quality is very skewed, and interesting pages are scarce in comparison with the rest of the content.
A new convergence analysis and perturbation resilience of some accelerated proximal forward–backward algorithms with errors (2017)

Many problems in science and engineering involve, as part of their solution process, the consideration of a separable function which is the sum of two convex functions, one of them possibly non-smooth. Recently a few works have discussed inexact versions of several accelerated proximal methods aiming at solving this minimization problem. This paper shows that inexact versions of a method of Beck and Teboulle (FISTA) preserve, in a Hilbert space setting, the same (non-asymptotic) rate of convergence under some assumptions on the decay rate of the error terms. The notion of inexactness discussed here seems to be rather simple, but, interestingly, when comparing to related works, closely related decay rates of the errors terms yield closely related convergence rates. The derivation sheds some light on the somewhat mysterious origin of some parameters which appear in various accelerated methods. A consequence of the analysis is that the accelerated method is perturbation resilient, making it suitable, in principle, for the superiorization methodology. By taking this into account, we re-examine the superiorization methodology and significantly extend its scope.
Conformation and Complexation of Tannins: NMR Spectra and Molecular Search Modeling of Flavan-3-ols (1996)

Studies of flavan-3-ols in their biologically significant phenolic form show that both H-6 and C-6 resonances are downfield from H-8 and C-8. Therefore, assignments for the H atoms of the A-ring are inverse to those commonly reported. By contrast, in the methyl ether and methyl ether acetate derivatives, both H-8 and C-8 are downfield from H-6 and C-6 and assignments commonly reported for C-6 and C-8 are incorrect. The assignments commonly reported for the peracetate derivatives are correct. In contrast to results observed for dimeric flavans, solvent effects on chemical shifts and coupling constants are small in monomeric flavan derivatives. The small heterocyclic ring J2,3 coupling constants of 2,3-cis-flavans can be defined by lineshape analysis of H-3. These results provide the first evidence for the conformations of the common 2,3-cis-flavans in solution. With the exception of compounds carrying a bulky acetate at C-3, a GMMX global search protocol provides reasonable predictions of heterocyclic ring coupling constants.
Endothelial COX-1 and -2 differentially affect reactivity of MVB in portal hypertensive rats (2002)

Expression of constitutive and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2, respectively) and the role of prostanoids were investigated in the aorta and mesenteric vascular bed (MVB) from the portal vein-ligated rat (PVL) as a model of portal hypertension. Functional experiments were carried out in MVB from PVL and sham-operated rats in the absence or presence of the nonselective COX inhibitor indomethacin or the selective inhibitors of COX-1 (SC-560) or COX-2 (NS-398). Western blots of COX-1 and COX-2 proteins were evaluated in aorta and MVB, and PGI(2) production by enzyme immunoassay of 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) was evaluated in the aorta. In the presence of functional endothelium, decreased contraction to norepinephrine (NE) and increased vasodilatation to ACh were observed in MVB from PVL. Exposure of MVB to indomethacin, SC-560, or NS-398 reversed the hyporeactivity to NE and the increased endothelial vasodilatation to ACh in PVL, with NS-398 being more potent than the other two inhibitors. Upregulation of COX-1 and COX-2 expressions was detected in aorta and MVB from PVL portal hypertensive rats, and increased production of 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) was observed in aorta from portal hypertensive rats. These results suggest that generation of endothelial vasodilator prostanoids, from COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms, accounts for the increased mesenteric blood flow in portal hypertension.
Synthesis and dopamine receptor modulating activity of lactam conformationally constrained analogs of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (1993)

A series of analogues of the potent analogue of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (PLG), 2-oxo-3(R)-[(2(S)-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)amino]-1-pyrrolidineacet amide (2) were synthesized in which the (R)-gamma-lactam residue of 2 was replaced with a (R)-beta-lactam, (R)-aminosuccinimide, (R)-cycloseryl, (R)-delta-lactam, (R)-epsilon-lactam, or (S)-epsilon-lactam residue to give analogues 3-8, respectively. These substitutions were made so as to vary the psi 2 torsion angle. The analogues were tested for their ability to enhance the binding of the dopamine receptor agonist ADTN to the dopamine receptor. Analogues 3-6 and 8 exhibited dose-response curves that were bell-shaped in nature with the maximum effect occurring at a concentration of 1 microM. Analogue 7 was inactive. Analogues 3 and 4 were found to be as effective as PLG, while analogues 5, 6, and 8 appeared to be more effective than PLG in terms of enhancing the binding of ADTN to dopamine receptors. The activity of analogues 3-6 and 8 with their psi 2 angles in the vicinity of that observed in a type II beta-turn is consistent with the hypothesis that this type of turn is the bioactive conformation of PLG.
Budget constrained bidding in keyword auctions and online knapsack problems (2008)

We consider the budget-constrained bidding optimization problem for sponsored search auctions, and model it as an online (multiple-choice) knapsack problem. We design both deterministic and randomized algorithms for the online (multiple-choice) knapsack problems achieving a provably optimal competitive ratio. This translates back to fully automatic bidding strategies maximizing either profit or revenue for the budget-constrained advertiser. Our bidding strategy for revenue maximization is oblivious (i.e., without knowledge) of other bidders' prices and/or click-through-rates for those positions. We evaluate our bidding algorithms using both synthetic data and real bidding data gathered manually, and also discuss a sniping heuristic that strictly improves bidding performance. With sniping and parameter tuning enabled, our bidding algorithms can achieve a performance ratio above 90% against the optimum by the omniscient bidder.
Growth Factor Osteogenic Protein-1 (2004)

OP-1 stimulates proteoglycan accumulation by bovine IVD cells isolated from all three zones of the bovine IVDs. Cells from all three zones proliferated significantly. Individual cells derived from nucleus pulposus and outer-AF, but not those from the inner-AF, synthesized proteoglycans at a significantly faster rate with OP-1 stimulation.
The logistic EuroSCORE (2003)

Dear Sir, 

The European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) identifies a number of risk factors which help to predict mortality from cardiac surgery.1 The predicted mortality (in percent) is calculated by adding the weights assigned to each factor. Since its initial publication in 1999, EuroSCORE has been widely used in Europe and elsewhere and has been the subject of several studies. Most of these studies compared the predictive ability of the EuroSCORE to previously described systems2,3 or to locally derivedmodels.4 One original work used it as a tool in order to assess the intra-institutional benefit in switching from conventional surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass to the off-pump approach in coronary surgery.5 In general, EuroSCORE was found to be …
Regulation of expression of glucose transporters by glucose: a review of studies in vivo and in cell cultures (1994)

Glucose transporters are membrane-embedded proteins that mediate the uptake of glucose from the surrounding medium into the cell. Glucose is the main fuel for most cells, and its uptake is rate-limiting for glucose utilization. For this reason, it is expected that glucose transport is tightly regulated. Whereas rapid regulation of glucose transporters by hormones has been known for some time, the regulation of glucose transporters by substrate availability (i.e., by glucose itself) is less well understood. This question has been approached by scientists from two angles: one, by measuring the consequence of diabetic states (in which there is surplus of glucose availability) on the expression of glucose transporter genes, and another one, by measuring the effect of glucose availability and glucose deprivation in cell cultures on glucose transporter gene expression. The results from both camps are unfortunately not coincident, due in part to the coexistence of other variables in the diabetic animals, and to the lack of ideal cell cultures. In spite of these caveats, the profuse literature on both approaches propelled us to find commonalities within each approach. This review concludes that in animal studies, one isoform of glucose transporters, the GLUT4 type, is down-regulated by high levels of circulating glucose in muscle but not in fat cells. This down-regulation of the protein is independent of regulation of transcription. In contrast, in fat cells, high glucose levels depress GLUT4 mRNA levels. In cell culture studies, high glucose levels lead to lower expression of the GLUT1 transporter isoform relative to glucose-deprived cultures. Glucose levels do not affect the amount of GLUT4 transporter isoform. The down-regulation of the GLUT1 transporter protein is caused by pre- and post-transcriptional mechanisms, the prevalence of each being cell-type specific. No glucose-responsive elements have been identified on either the GLUT1 or GLUT4 genes, and no information is available on the glucose metabolites that mediate the response of glucose transporter gene expression to glucose availability.
Nanoparticle Production by Spark Ablation: Principle, Configurations, and Basic Steps toward Application (2019)

This chapter discusses the basic configurations of the spark discharge generator (SDG). It describes SDG devices that are offered on the market. The chapter also describes the options aerosol technology offers to modify the produced particles while they are in gas suspension. The basic features of spark ablation are elucidated, focusing on sizes below 20 nm, and it is shown how particle size distribution can be predicted as a function of the SDG operating parameters. Restriction to short sparks serves two important purposes, namely the production of particles smaller than ca. 20 nm in diameter and the ability of producing internally mixed particles, the composition of which is well defined, as it is the composition of the electrodes. Better flushing of the spark gaps combined with a large series resistance reduces the spark-to-spark variation, but the large series resistance introduces a significant energy loss and waste heat.
The Adamantyl Group in Medicinal Agents. IV. Sedative Action of 3,5,7-Trimethyladamantane-1-carboxamide1 and Related Agents (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Adamantyl Group in Medicinal Agents. IV. Sedative Action of 3,5,7-Trimethyladamantane-1-carboxamide1 and Related AgentsKoert. Gerzon, Donald J. Tobias, Richard E. Holmes, Robert E. Rathbun, and Richard W. KattauCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 4, 603–606Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00316a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00316a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Visible to Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation in a Gas Fiber Raman Laser (2021)

A multiband supercontinuum with spectral coverage from 0.65 to 3.3 μm is demonstrated in D 2 -filled revolver-type hollow-core fiber. About 15 % of pump quanta were converted to wavelengths above 2 μm.