gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Dynamic Frictional Properties of a Concrete Crosstie Rail Seat and Pad and its Effect on Rail Seat Deterioration (RSD) (2012)

To meet the demands of increasing freight axle loads and cumulative gross tonnages, as well as high-speed passenger rail development in North America, the performance and service life of concrete railway crossties must be improved. According to a railway industry survey conducted by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), rail seat deterioration (RSD) was identified as one of the primary factors limiting concrete crosstie service life. Abrasion is widely considered to be a viable mechanism leading to RSD; nonetheless, a lack of understanding of the complex interactions affecting the occurrence and rate of abrasion has resulted in a highly iterative design process for concrete crossties and fastening systems. When combined with abrasive fines and water that penetrate into the rail seat and pad interface, the frictional forces and relative movement of the concrete crosstie and fastening system equate to a seemingly ideal situation for the occurrence of abrasive wear. The purpose of this study is to characterize the effect of the dynamic frictional properties between the concrete crosstie rail seat and the bottom of the rail pad in order to better understand the mechanics of abrasion and the magnitude of abrasion as a failure mechanism. This paper includes an investigation of the tribological properties at the interface of the rail seat and pad. Additionally, preliminary results from an experimental evaluation of the frictional coefficient at the rail seat-pad interface, and its effect on the rate of abrasive wear is included. By identifying the parameters that contribute to RSD, UIUC’s research will seek to mitigate the effects of abrasion with an overall goal of improving the performance of concrete crossties and fastening systems.
Sponges associated with octocorals in the Indo-Pacific, with the description of four new species (2013)

Sponges are characterised by high levels of phenotypic plasticity, thus allowing the same species to live in different habitats by taking different shapes. Here we describe 28 sponge species associated with the octocorals Carijoa riisei, Paratelesto rosea and Alertigorgia hoeksemai in Indonesia, Hawai'i and Vietnam, including four species that are new to science (Chondropsis subtilis, Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) spinata, Hymedesmia (Stylopus) perlucida, Mycale (Aegogropila) furcata). Moreover, a large proportion of the described sponge species (21.4%) represent new records for the studied areas (Indonesia and Hawai'i). In total, we have studied 47 colonies of C. riisei associated with 24 sponge species, 5 colonies of P. rosea associated with 4 species and one colony of A. hoeksemai associated with one sponge species. Collectively, these examples of associations highlight the importance of epibiosis as a biodiversity enhancing process.
A Small Plane Grating Monochromator (1952)

A spherical mirror, autocollimating plane grating monochromator is described which is compact, stable, and exhibits spectral resolution which is better than 50 percent of the theoretical value. The spectrometer is 30 inches long and uses a 3-in. wide grating with 30,000 lines/inch. The optical system, although not in use in any modern spectrometer, was described by Ebert in 1889. The aberration corrective arrangement of the spherical mirror leaves only astigmatism as a serious aberration. The use of curved slits to remove this effect of astigmatism is described.The mechanical-optical system is described in detail, and use of the instrument with a photomultiplier tube to record visible and ultraviolet emission spectra is described. Spectra are presented which demonstrate a second-order spectral resolution of 0.05A in the visible and ultraviolet region.
Graphene in the Design and Engineering of Next‐Generation Neural Interfaces (2017)

Neural interfaces are becoming a powerful toolkit for clinical interventions requiring stimulation and/or recording of the electrical activity of the nervous system. Active implantable devices offer a promising approach for the treatment of various diseases affecting the central or peripheral nervous systems by electrically stimulating different neuronal structures. All currently used neural interface devices are designed to perform a single function: either record activity or electrically stimulate tissue. Because of their electrical and electrochemical performance and their suitability for integration into flexible devices, graphene-based materials constitute a versatile platform that could help address many of the current challenges in neural interface design. Here, how graphene and other 2D materials possess an array of properties that can enable enhanced functional capabilities for neural interfaces is illustrated. It is emphasized that the technological challenges are similar for all alternative types of materials used in the engineering of neural interface devices, each offering a unique set of advantages and limitations. Graphene and 2D materials can indeed play a commanding role in the efforts toward wider clinical adoption of bioelectronics and electroceuticals.
Improving Interactivity via VT-CFS and Framework-Assisted Task Characterization for Linux/Android Smartphones (2012)

Android smart phones are often reported to suffer from sluggish user interactions due to poor interactivity. This is because the Linux kernel may incur perceptibly long response time to user interactive tasks. Particularly, the completely fair scheduler (CFS) of Linux cannot systematically favor a user interactive task over background tasks since it fails to effectively distinguish between them. Even if a user interactive task is successfully identified, such a task can suffer from a high scheduling latency due to the non-preemptive nature of CFS. This paper presents a framework-assisted task characterization and virtual runtime-based CFS (VT-CFS) to address these problems. The former is a cooperative mechanism between the Android application framework and the kernel. It identifies a user interactive task at the framework level and then enables the task scheduler to selectively promote the priority of the identified task at the kernel level. VT-CFS is an extension of the CFS. It allows a task to be preempted at any preemption tick so that the scheduling latency of a user interactive task is bounded by the tick interval. We have implemented our approach into Android 2.2 running with Linux kernel 2.6.32. Experimental results show that the response time of a user interactive task is reduced by up to 31.4% while incurring only 0.9% more run-time overhead than the legacy system.
Distinct associations of computer/mobile devices use and TV watching with depressive symptoms in adults: A large population study in China (2019)

These findings suggested that different types of screen time may play different roles in the mental health of general adults. Further studies are needed to clarify the reasons for these distinct associations.
MIRA-CLE, an experimental MIMO radar in Ka band (2010)

The experimental short range broadband surveillance radar system MIRA-CLE in Ka band is described in this paper. Based on the MIMO principle, the modular system consists of 16 transmitters and 16 receivers being arranged and excited in such a manner, that its cross range resolution is two times better compared to a 256 element conventional phased array. To improve the data acquisition rate for fast changing scenes, the waveform diversity method is applied. This means, each transmitter simultaneously transmits its individual modulated code being part of a set of optimized orthogonal codes suitable for MIMO radar. The signal allocation to the individual transmit elements and the determination of the regularly spaced virtual RX phase centres are derived by signal processing. The technology of MIRA-CLE key components within the RF frontend is presented.
Surgical Removal of Numerous Foreign Bodies from the Foot Caused by Sea Urchin Spines (2012)

Injury from sea urchin spines is not rare, especially during summer holidays in the sea side. Failure to remove these spines or inability to remove them completely can lead to long-term squeal of pain and impaired function. Treatment methods include alternative medicine, LASER and surgery. We describe the surgical removal of 102 sea urchin spines from the foot of a 36-year-old man. The wounds healed completely. Although, he initially complained of a mild discomfort on weight bearing, the symptoms disappeared 2 weeks later.
Information-centric networking (2011)

There have been many recent papers on data-oriented or content-centric network architectures. Despite the voluminous literature, surprisingly little clarity is emerging as most papers focus on what differentiates them from other proposals. We begin this paper by identifying the existing commonalities and important differences in these designs, and then discuss some remaining research issues. After our review, we emerge skeptical (but open-minded) about the value of this approach to networking.
Prediagnostic circulating carotenoid levels and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Multiethnic Cohort (2012)

This analysis examined the association of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with prediagnostic carotenoid levels, a marker for a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. We conducted a nested case-control study within the Multiethnic Cohort with 271 NHL cases and 538 controls matched on sex, ethnicity, location (Hawaii or Los Angeles), birth year, date and time of blood draw, and hours fasting before blood draw. Serum carotenoid levels were obtained by high-pressure liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) according to tertiles of serum carotenoids and trend tests using continuous variables. Higher total serum carotenoids (OR(T3 vs T1) = 0.66 [0.46-0.96]; P(trend) = .02), lycopene (OR = 0.54 [0.38-0.78]; P(trend) = .003), and α-cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.53 [0.36-0.78]; P(trend) = .003) were associated with a lower risk of NHL. For retinol (OR = 0.90 [0.61-1.33]; P(trend) = .04), a statistically significant inverse linear trend was detected. Risk estimates remained unchanged with adjustment for NHL risk factors and were similar in analyses stratified by sex and ethnicity; heterogeneity with NHL subtype was detected only for β-carotene. Other carotenoids, including α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin, showed no association with risk. These data provide support for a protective role of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables in the etiology of NHL.
Interruptible Nodes: Reducing Queueing Costs in Irregular Streaming Dataflow Applications on Wide-SIMD Architectures (2022)

Abstract Streaming dataflow applications are an attractive target to parallelize on wide-SIMD processors such as GPUs. These applications can be expressed as a pipeline of compute nodes connected by edges, which feed outputs from one node to the next. Streaming applications often exhibit irregular dataflow, where the amount of output produced for one input is unknown a priori. Inserting finite queues between pipeline nodes can ameliorate the impact of irregularity and improve SIMD lane occupancy. The sizing of these queues is driven by both performance and safety considerations -- relative queue sizes should be chosen to reduce runtime overhead and maximize throughput, but each node's output queue must be large enough to accommodate the maximum number of outputs produced by one SIMD vector of inputs to the node. When safety and performance considerations conflict, the application may incur excessive memory usage and runtime overhead. In this work, we identify properties of applications that lead to such undesirable behaviors, with examples from applications implemented in our MERCATOR framework for irregular streaming on GPUs. To address these issues, we propose extensions to support interruptible nodes that can be suspended mid-execution if their output queues fill. We illustrate the impacts of adding interruptible nodes to the MERCATOR framework on representative irregular streaming applications from the domains of branching search and bioinformatics. Interruptible Nodes: Reducing Queueing Costs
Low Complexity Resource Allocation for OFDMA Based on Coalitional Game Theory (2012)

This work investigates a fair adaptive resource management criterion (in terms of transmit powers and subchannel assignment) for the uplink of an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) network, populated by mobile users with constraints in terms of target data rates. The inherent opti
Soluble Contrast Particles for Radiographic Analysis of Blood Flow (1970)

A macroparticulate radiographic contrast material (soluble gelatin spheres with 50 to 60% water-soluble contrast medium) has proved technically applicable in accurate tracing of blood-flow currents. Its usefulness for radiologic determination of volume flow in large vessels was evaluated on the basis of a simple technique for cardiac output determination, tested in 91 experiments with 18 dogs. The length of travel per cardiac cycle for injected contrast particles flowing through the ascending aorta was measured in highspeed cinefluorographic recordings. Multiplication of this length with pulse rate and a representative cross-sectional area of the aorta yielded cardiac output estimates ranging from one to ten liters per minute, with significant correlation to results obtained with methods based on blood pressure measurements and dye-dilution studies (correlation coefficients 0.84 to 0.92 with good approximation to linear regressions between 0.84 and 1.22). Similar analysis of few observations employing the pulmonary artery gave poor correlation owing to difficulties in defining a useful cylindrical segment of that artery and to superimposition of the right atrium. The method is technically simple, is based on direct observation and permits a beat-to-beat analysis (standard error in three to eight consecutive cycles about 9% referring to results of blood presure measurements).
BLAST: Applying Streaming Ciphers Into Outsourced Cloud Storage (2010)

Providing secure and efficient outsourced storage is a precursor to widespread cloud deployment and availability. For this purpose, existing designs mainly rely on block ciphers, although stream ciphers are more computationally-efficient than block ciphers. This paper presents a construction of secure storage, BLAST, enhanced with a stream cipher rather than a block cipher with a novel block accessible encryption mechanism based on streaming ciphers. In BLAST, a hierarchical tree generated in the form of an n-level quad tree is created for each user during the registration phase of the storage system. When a user wants to access the outsourced storage, the user can access their data after encrypting or decrypting it using a sequence of key stream frames derived from the hierarchical tree. The experimental results show that the proposed system achieves significant improved performance than normal streaming/block cipher-based secure storage system in terms of throughput and access latency.
Immunosuppression by Leukemia Viruses (1971)

Abstract The effect of Friend leukemia virus infection on the ultrastructure of spleens of BALB/c mice was studied. Normal mice immunized with sheep erythrocytes developed a characteristic splenic response, with many mature lymphoid cells and plasma cells appearing within 2 to 4 days after immunization. Large numbers of specific antibody plaque-forming cells (PFC) to sheep erythrocytes appeared concomitantly in the spleens of these mice. In contrast, there was a marked suppression in the number of PFC in spleens of mice infected before immunization. Furthermore, infected mice had significant alterations in their spleens, as studied on the ultra-structural level. Very few cells of the plasmacytic series appeared in the spleens of such mice. Mice infected 8 days before immunization had no detectable plasma cells in their spleens, although occasional plasmablasts were observed. Immature lymphoid cells and blast cells were the predominant cell type. Only a slight to moderate cellular change occurred in spleens of mice infected on the day of immunization or 2 days later. Virus particles were not detected in spleens of mice infected on the same day or 2 days after immunization and examined on the 4th day of the immune response. Moderate numbers of virus particles were apparent in extracellular spaces, and occasionally within immature cells in the spleens of mice infected 3 days before immunization and examined 4 days afterwards. In contrast, spleen cells of mice infected 8 days before immunization had numerous Friend leukemia virus particles. Many virus particles budded from the membrane of typical lymphocytes and blast cells, as well as from some cells in mitosis. The alteration in spleen cell morphology of infected animals correlated with the marked immunodepression accompanied by a decrease in the number of antibody plaque-forming cells to sheep erythrocytes. These results seem compatible with the concept that there is competition between leukemia virus and antigen for common stem cells, which can be diverted either to leukemogenesis or immunogenesis depending on the nature of the stimulus.
Cleavage of C=N derivatives and Oxidation of Thiols in Water under Neutral Conditions with 1,4-dichloro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2,2,2]octane bischloride (2007)

1,4-Diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO) is easily chlorinated and gives a complex which efficiently converts aliphatic and aromatic oximes, phenylhydrazones and semicarbazones to their corresponding carbonyl compounds in water at 50°C in high yield. This reagent can also be used for conversion of thiols to their compounding disulfide under the same reaction conditions. DABCO is quantitatively recovered which can be rechlorinated and reused several times.
Active Suspensions (2019)

Active suspensions utilise control systems technology in order to provide a step change in performance of the dynamic characteristics of railway suspensions, and this chapter is an important complement to other chapters in the handbook, which are focussed upon essentially ‘passive’ suspensions. It describes the three main types: tilting trains which represent an existing, widely utilised active suspension technology that enables higher speed through curves; active secondary suspensions which are aimed towards enhanced ride quality; and active control of the running gear (active primary suspensions), which offers substantial improvements in the trade-off between dynamic stability and curving performance. Principles, configurations and design issues for each of these types are described, and some examples are included, both to illustrate some key aspects and to reveal the current state of the art.
Effect of syngeneic tumor tRNA on MOPC 315 myeloma in BALB/cCR mouse (1973)

Abstract Experimental tumor immunotherapy using syngeneic histiocytes and tumor tRNA was carried out on MOPC 315 transplantable myeloma of BALB/cCR mouse. Syngeneic histiocyte‐tumor tRNA complex demonstrated strong cytotoxic effects against MOPC 315 cells in vitro. Administration of this complex resulted in prolongation of survival in the tumor‐bearing mice. Injection of syngeneic tumor tRNA alone apparently caused tumor growth enhancement.
Transversus Abdominis Plane Catheter Bolus Analgesia after Major Abdominal Surgery (2012)

Purpose. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks have been shown to reduce pain and opioid requirements after abdominal surgery. The aim of the present case series was to demonstrate the use of TAP catheter injections of bupivacaine after major abdominal surgery. Methods. Fifteen patients scheduled for open colonic resection surgery were included. After induction of anesthesia, bilateral TAP catheters were placed, and all patients received a bolus dose of 20 mL bupivacaine 2.5 mg/mL with epinephrine 5 μg/mL through each catheter. Additional bolus doses were injected bilaterally 12, 24, and 36 hrs after the first injections. Supplemental pain treatment consisted of paracetamol, ibuprofen, and gabapentin. Intravenous morphine was used as rescue analgesic. Postoperative pain was rated on a numeric rating scale (NRS, 0-10) at regular predefined intervals after surgery, and consumption of intravenous morphine was recorded. Results. The TAP catheters were placed without any technical difficulties. NRS scores were ≤3 at rest and ≤5 during cough at 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, and 36 hrs after surgery. Cumulative consumption of intravenous morphine was 28 (23-48) mg (median, IQR) within the first 48 postoperative hours. Conclusion. TAP catheter bolus injections can be used to prolong analgesia after major abdominal surgery.
A slew rate controlled output driver using PLL as compensation circuit (2002)

A slew rate controlled output driver adopting delay compensation method is implemented using 0.18 µm CMOS process for storage device interface. Phase-Locked Loop is used to generate compensation current and constant delay time. Compensation current reduces the slew rate variation over process, voltage and temperature variation in output driver. To generate constant delay time, the replica of VCO in PLL is used in output driver's slew rate control block. That reduces the slew rate variation over load capacitance variation. That has less 25% variation at slew rate than that of conventional output driver. The proposed output driver can satisfy UDMA100 interface which specify load capacitance as 15 ∼ 40pF and slew rate as 0.4 ∼ 1.0[V/ns].
Studies on the chemical synthesis of N ‐acylphosphatidylethanolamine (2010)

N‐acylPE has been identified in lipid extracts from Escherichia coli. N‐acylPE levels are four‐fold increased in E. coli cells lacking phosphatidylglycerol phosphate synthase (pgsA) as compared to wild‐type E. coli(MG1655). N‐acylPE was originally identified in neutral, chloroform‐based lipid extracts of ΔpgsA and MG1655 but we have observed that extraction conditions alter N‐acylPE levels. ΔpgsA and MG1655 cells were extracted with neutral or acidic Bligh‐Dyer extraction containing chloroform or methylene chloride. N‐acylPE levels were analyzed using negative‐ion electrospray mass spectrometry. When methylene chloride replaced chloroform N‐acylPE persisted in lipid extracts from ΔpgsA but not in lipid extracts from MG1655. At acidic pH, N‐acylPE persisted in lipid extracts prepared in the presence of chloroform or methylene chloride from ΔpgsA but not MG1655. This suggests N‐acylPE maybe an in vivo metabolite of ΔpgsA but an artifact of extraction in MG1655. To understand the origin of N‐acylPE, we have investigated whether phosgene, a degradation product of chloroform, is responsible for chemical formation of N‐acylPE during extraction. Using 32 P‐PE we studied the phosgene mediated synthesis of N‐acylPE from PE and free fatty acids (FFA) in a single‐phase neutral Bligh‐Dyer mixture. 32 P‐PE, chloroform, methanol, buffer, palmitate and phosgene was incubated at 22°C for 10 minutes and visualized using thin layer chromatography. A metabolite that comigrates with N‐acylPE is formed in the presence of phosgene and FFA but not in the absence of phosgene. Thus phosgene may promote formation of N‐acylPE during lipid extraction. Future work is required to establish that this phosgene and fatty acid dependent metabolite is indeed N‐acylPE and lead us to firmly establish that N‐acylPE is an in vivo metabolite of E. coli.
Controlled way to prepare quasi-1D nanostructures with complex chemical composition in porous anodic alumina (2010)

This paper has been withdrawn by the author.