gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bus Rapid Transit Impacts on Land Uses and Land Values in Seoul, Korea (2009)

More and more cities are turning to Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) as a way of cost-effectively expanding public transit services to help relieve traffic congestion, reduce carbon emissions, and increase mobility options for the poor. Because of the inherent flexibility advantages of rubber-tire buses – e.g., unlike rail systems, the same vehicle that functions as a line-haul carrier can also morph into a neighborhood feeder -- BRT is especially suited for many lower density and non- CBD settings.Some of the most advanced and widely heralded BRT services today are found in Latin America, such as Curitiba and Sao Paulo, Brazil, Bogotá and Cali, Columbia, Santiago, Chile, and Lima, Peru. The success of BRT in these cities stems, to a large degree, from the presence of dedicated lanes, which offer significant speed advantages relative to more traditional mixed-traffic services. One of the few cities outside of Latin America that has joined the ranks of world-class BRT serviceproviders is Seoul, Korea. As in cities like Curitiba and Bogotá, Seoul operates dedicated median-lane BRT services which are supplemented by one of the most extensive networks of curbside BRT lanes anywhere. Seoul began implementing curbside bus lanes in 1986 however because of conflicts with traffic entering the main traffic stream these lanes failed to provide significant speed advantages. It was only after the addition of exclusive median lanes in 2004 that buses began to offer significant travel-time savings and win over former motorists.All else being equal, significant gains in bus speeds should be followed by significant land-use changes, like densification and property value increases, especially in congested mega-cities like Seoul. Land markets can be expected to place a high premium on parcels close to transit corridors that enjoy significant travel-time savings since, after all, such settings have scarcity value – i.e., there is a finite, limited supply of settings with superior transit offerings. This paper probes this hypothesis by studying land-use changes and property-value increases induced by Seoul’s introduction of exclusive, median-lane BRT services. First, the empirical literature on bus transit and land-use impacts is reviewed. This is followed by background discussions on Seoul’s transportation conditions and BRT system. Next, we describe our research methodology and supporting data sources. We then present multilevel models that gauge the influences of upgrading BRT services on land-use changes and land values. The paper concludes by reflecting on the policy implications of the key research findings.
Silicon-Based Optical Thin-Film Biosensor Array for Real-time Measurements of Biomolecular Interaction (2005)

Real-time multi-channel measurements of protein-protein interaction in 1–100 µg/ml antibody solution samples were demonstrated using a reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) based silicon biochip. Since titanium-oxide film, whose refractive index is 2.2, was chosen for the interference layer of RIfS on the silicon substrate, the layer interference was enhanced in aqueous solutions and the protein-protein interaction on the film could be measured as a shift in interference-peak position in the reflection spectra. To estimate the sensitivity of the sensing system using the RIfS sensor, we simulated the reflection spectra of the biochip. From these results, it was shown that a 0.01-nm shift in the interference-peak position corresponds to a binding amount of protein of approximately 10 pg/mm 2 . According to this result, the sensitivity of our sensor was estimated to be in the order of 10 pg/mm 2 by comparing the simulated and experimental results.
Coping with Time‐Varying Demand When Setting Staffing Requirements for a Service System (2007)

We review queueing‐theory methods for setting staffing requirements in service systems where customer demand varies in a predictable pattern over the day. Analyzing these systems is not straightforward, because standard queueing theory focuses on the long‐run steady‐state behavior of stationary models. We show how to adapt stationary queueing models for use in nonstationary environments so that time‐dependent performance is captured and staffing requirements can be set. Relatively little modification of straightforward stationary analysis applies in systems where service times are short and the targeted quality of service is high. When service times are moderate and the targeted quality of service is still high, time‐lag refinements can improve traditional stationary independent period‐by‐period and peak‐hour approximations. Time‐varying infinite‐server models help develop refinements, because closed‐form expressions exist for their time‐dependent behavior. More difficult cases with very long service times and other complicated features, such as end‐of‐day effects, can often be treated by a modified‐offered‐load approximation, which is based on an associated infinite‐server model. Numerical algorithms and deterministic fluid models are useful when the system is overloaded for an extensive period of time. Our discussion focuses on telephone call centers, but applications to police patrol, banking, and hospital emergency rooms are also mentioned.
Oriented lithium niobate layers transferred on 4" [100] silicon wafer for RF SAW devices (2003)

A technological process has been developed to achieve a thin oriented Lithium Niobate layer deposited on [100] Si wafers for the fabrication of SAW devices integrable on silicon. The theoretical analysis of the elastic wave assumed to propagate on such combination of material is first reported. Technological aspects are then briefly described. Finally, experimental results are presented and compared to the state of art.
Immunohistochemical Study of the Distribution of Pancreastatin in Endocrine Tumors of the Pancreas and in Normal Pancreatic Tissue (1991)

Using sixteen cases (sixteen lesions) of endocrine tumor of the pancreas, found in 1,300 consecutive autopsy cases (661 men and 639 women; mean age, 79.0 years), we examined distribution patterns of pancreastatin (PST) in these endocrine tumors and in normal tissues around them, using immunohistochemical staining. In addition, the distribution patterns of PST was compared with those of insulin (INS), glucagon (GLU), somatostatin (SOM), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), in these tissues. Normal islets of Langerhans were stained completely and evenly for PST. Two endocrine tumors did not stain for PST at all, six were partially stained, and eight were stained as densely as normal islets, or even more densely. Acinar cells were only partially stained for PST in 11 cases and showed scattered staining in three cases. Epithelial cells of ducts or ductuli were partially stained for PST in 10 cases and showed scattered staining in three cases. Distribution patterns of PST coincided with that of INS in 56% (9/16) of cases, GLU in 81% (13/16), SOM in 31% (5/16), and PP in 31% (5/16). In the eight tumors that were stained at least as densely for PST as normal islets, the staining pattern did not coincide with that of INS in any case (0%), coincided with that of GLU in all 8 cases (100%), and coincided with those of SOM and PP in one case each (13%). Therefore, the distribution of GLU-producing cells (A cells) coincided most closely with that of PST. It is concluded that most PST is secreted from A cells in human pancreas.
Comparison of Ponte Osteotomies and 3-Column Osteotomies in the Treatment of Congenital Spinal Deformity (2017)

Level III.
Perspectives on network management (2006)

The talk will start off with a general overview what network management research is all about and how it relates to network control mechanisms actively investigated by the community driving the EuroNGI conference on Next Generation Internet Design and Engineering. After this general instruction to network management research, the talk will focus on configuration management as a particularly important and not yet adequately solved topic. Several approaches that have been investigated in the past will be critically analyzed and requirements will be developed that new solutions should address. The presentation will then survey current ongoing work in research and standardization aimed at tackling the configuration management problem space. The talk is also intended to raise the awareness of network management needs in general and configuration management needs in particular in a community that usually focuses in its research on the development of primary network functions and gives less attention to the management aspects of their work
The physical and chemical nature of technegas. (1997)

The mechanism for the formation of the technegas pancreas has been developed and the particles involved characterized. It appears that the use of other metals also leads to the formation of similar materials.
A new barrier function for IQC optimization problems (2004)

In this paper, we propose a new barrier function for optimization problems with integral quadratic constraints (IQC). The new barrier function is used to construct an interior point algorithm, which solves IQC optimization problems in a more efficient fashion. Numerical tests as well as worst-case computational complexity analysis are performed to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Risk of Seasonal Influenza by Occupation in a Railway Company in a Metropolitan Area of Japan during Three Influenza Seasons (2020)

Station staff may be at high risk for influenza due to high frequency contact with other people. We examined the risk of influenza by occupational group in a railway company. A retrospective observational study was conducted among employees at a branch office of a railway company in eastern Japan, located in a metropolitan area, for 2012/13, 2013/14, and 2014/15 influenza seasons. The study population included employees who had received influenza vaccination for the season in question and the previous season. Outcome was defined as self-reported influenza illness during the respective season, identified through the vaccine screening questionnaire in the following season. Study participants included employees whose outcome information could be obtained. Standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) by occupational group (station staff, engineers, train crew) for each season were calculated. For 2012/13, 2013/14, and 2014/15 seasons, attack rates were 4.7% (19/403), 5.2% (21/407), and 7.8% (31/397), respectively. Among the participants, SMRs of station staff were lower in the 2012/13 (SMR = 57; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 18-133) and 2014/15 (SMR = 75; 95%CI = 36-138) seasons and similar to other groups in the 2013/14 season. Enhanced countermeasures, regardless of occupational group, may be effective in preventing the spread of influenza infection.
Efficient context adaptive entropy coding for real-time applications (2011)

Context based entropy coding has the potential to provide higher gain over memoryless entropy coding. However serious difficulties arise regarding the practical implementation in real-time applications due to its very high memory requirements. This paper presents an efficient method for designing context adaptive entropy coding while fulfilling low memory requirements. From a study of coding gain scalability as a function of context size, new context design and validation procedures are derived. Further, supervised clustering and mapping optimization are introduced to model efficiently the context. The resulting context modelling associated with an arithmetic coder was successfully implemented in a transform-based audio coder for real-time processing. It shows significant improvement over the entropy coding used in MPEG-4 AAC.
vuv-pumped HgCl laser (1978)

Photolytic pumping of the HgCl35(B→X) laser has been demonstrated. Oscillation at 557.6 and 558.4 nm was obtained by irradiating HgCl2 vapor and helium with incoherent Xe*2 emission at 172 nm from an e-beam-excited xenon plasma. Also, by photodissociating HgCl2 with ArCl* (175 nm) fluorescence, the HgCl(B) state radiative lifetime was determined to be 22.2±1.5 ns.
Collaborative Byzantine Resilient Federated Learning (2023)

Federated learning (FL) enables an effective and private distributed learning process. However, it is vulnerable against several types of attacks, such as Byzantine behaviors. The first purpose of this work is to demonstrate mathematically that traditional arithmetic-averaging model-combining approach will ultimately diverge to an unstable solution in the presence of Byzantine agents. This article also proposes a low-complexity, decentralized Byzantine resilient training mechanism. The proposed technique identifies and isolates hostile nodes rather than just mitigating their impact on the global model. In addition, the suggested approach may be used alone or in conjunction with other protection techniques to provide an additional layer of security in the event of misdetection. The suggested solution is decentralized, allowing all participating nodes to jointly identify harmful individuals using a novel cross-check mechanism. To prevent biased assessments, the identification procedure is done blindly and is incorporated into the regular training process. A smart activation mechanism based on flag activation is also proposed to reduce the network overhead. Finally, general mathematical proofs combined with extensive experimental results applied in a healthcare electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring scenario show that the proposed techniques are very efficient at accurately predicting heart problems.
Sulfonium as a Surrogate for Ammonium: A New α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonist with Desensitizing Activity (2017)

Weak partial agonists that promote a desensitized state of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) have been associated with anti-inflammatory effects. Exemplar compounds feature a tertiary or quaternary ammonium group. We report the synthesis, structure, and electrophysiological evaluation of 1-ethyl-4-phenylthiomorpholin-1-ium triflate, a weak partial agonist with a sulfonium isostere of the ammonium pharmacophore. These results offer new insights in understanding nAChR-ligand interactions and provide a new chemical space to target the α7 nAChR.
Production and characterization of deoxynivalenol and other secondary metabolites of Fusarium culmorum (CMI 14764, HLX 1503) (1986)

Peer reviewed: Yes
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Triazolo Indazolones Using 3D Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Catalyst with Nanocage Structure. (2010)

Abstract The three‐component cyclocondensation affords the biologically important heterocyclic skeleton in good to excellent yields.
Type I and II interferons toward ideal vaccine and immunotherapy (2021)

<b>Introduction</b>: Innate immunity is armed with interferons (IFNs) that link innate immunity to adaptive immunity to generate long-term and protective immune responses against invading pathogens and tumors. However, regulation of IFN production is crucial because chronic IFN responses can have deleterious effects on both antitumor and antimicrobial immunity in addition to provoking autoinflammatory or autoimmune conditions.<b>Areas covered</b>: Here, we focus on the accumulated evidence on antimicrobial and antitumor activities of type I and II IFNs. We first summarize the intracellular and intercellular mechanisms regulating IFN production and signaling. Then, we discuss the mechanisms modulating the dual nature of IFNs for both antitumor and antimicrobial immune responses. Finally, we review the detrimental role of IFNs for induction of autoinflammation and autoimmunity.<b>Expert opinion</b>: The current evidence suggests that the dual role of IFNs for antimicrobial and antitumor immunity is dependent not only on the timing, administration route, and dose of IFNs but also on the type of pathogen/tumor. Therefore, we think that combinatorial therapies involving IFN-inducing adjuvants and immune-checkpoint blockers may offer therapeutic potential, especially for cancer, whereas infectious, autoinflammatory or autoimmune diseases require fine adjustment of timing, dose, and route of the administration for candidate IFN-based vaccines or immunotherapies.
Paclitaxel induces lymphatic endothelial cells autophagy to promote metastasis (2019)

Cytotoxic therapy for breast cancer inhibits the growth of primary tumors, but promotes metastasis to the sentinel lymph nodes through the lymphatic system. However, the effect of first-line chemotherapy on the lymphatic endothelium has been poorly investigated. In this study, we determined that paclitaxel, the anti-cancer drug approved for the treatment of metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer, induces lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) autophagy to increase metastases. While paclitaxel treatment was largely efficacious in inhibiting LEC adhesion, it had no effect on cell survival. Paclitaxel inhibited LEC migration and branch point formation by inducing an autophagy mechanism independent of Akt phosphorylation. In vivo, paclitaxel mediated a higher permeability of lymphatic endothelium to tumor cells and this effect was reversed by chloroquine, an autophagy-lysosome inhibitor. Despite a strong effect on reducing tumor size, paclitaxel significantly increased metastasis to the sentinel lymph nodes. This effect was restricted to a lymphatic dissemination, as chemotherapy did not affect the blood endothelium. Taken together, our findings suggest that the lymphatic system resists to chemotherapy through an autophagy mechanism to promote malignant progression and metastatic lesions. This study paves the way for new combinative therapies aimed at reducing the number of metastases.
Expression of Th-1 Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors on the Ocular Surface of C57BL/6 Mice: Effects of Desiccating Stress (2007)

Specific patterns of Th-1 and -2 chemokines and their receptors are induced in the mouse ocular surface by desiccating stress in a strain-related fashion. Desiccating stress potently stimulates the expression of Th-1 cell-attracting chemokines and chemokine receptors on the ocular surface of C57BL/6 mice.
Vapor-Cell-Based Atomic Electrometry for Detection Frequencies below 1 kHz (2020)

Rydberg-assisted atomic electrometry using alkali-metal atoms contained inside a vacuum environment for detecting external electric fields at frequencies below a few kilohertz has been quite challenging due to the low-frequency electric-field-screening effect that is caused by the alkali-metal atoms adsorbed on the inner surface of the container. We report a very slow electric-field-screening phenomenon with a time scale up to the order of seconds on a rubidium-vapor cell that is made of monocrystalline sapphire. Using this sapphire rubidium-vapor cell with an optically induced, internal bias electric field, we demonstrate vapor-cell-based, low-frequency atomic electrometry that responds to the electric field strength linearly. Limited by the given experimental conditions, this demonstrated atomic electrometer uses an active volume of $11\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{mm}}^{3}$ and delivers a spectral noise floor of around $0.34\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mV}/\mathrm{m}\phantom{\rule{0.1em}{0ex}}\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ and a 3-dB low cutoff frequency of around 770 Hz inside the vapor cell. This work investigates a regime of vapor-cell-based atomic electrometry that was seldom studied before, which may enable more applications that use atomic electric-field-sensing technology.
Particle dynamics and heat transfer at workpiece surface in heat treatment fluidised beds (2009)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThe particle behaviour is studied by the analysis of particle images taken with a high speed CCD digital video camera. The comparison of particle dynamics is performed for the fluidised beds without part, with single part and with multi-parts. The results show that there are significant differences in particle behaviours both in different beds and at different locations at part surfaces. The total and radiative heat transfer coefficients at different surfaces of a metallic component in a high temperature fluidised bed are measured by a heat transfer probe developed in the present work. The principle of the heat transfer probe is to measure the change in temperature of the heated metallic piece with time and, then, to extract the heat flux and heat transfer coefficients. The structure of the probe is optimized with numerical simulation of energy conservation for measuring the heat transfer coefficient of 150~600 W/m2 K. The relationship between the particle dynamics and the heat transfer is analysed to form the basis for future more rational designs of fluidised beds as well as for improved quality control.&lt;br /&gt;\n\t\t\t\t
Microstructures in Atomised Powder and Spray-Formed Preforms of Titanium- and Ti<SUB>3</SUB>Al-Base Alloys (1994)

The microstructures of gas-atomised powder and spray formed preforms of Ti-6 mass%Al-4 mass%V (Ti-6–4) and Ti-25 mol%Al-10 mol%Nb-3 mol%V-1 mol%Mo (Super α2) alloys have been characterised in the as-solidified state using X-ray diffraction and optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. It has been found that in the finest powders of Ti–6–4 the structure is dominated by α′ martensite with some twinned region adjacent to the surface, but that the β phase is found in the acicular α matrix in the more slowly cooled spray-formed preform. In Super α2 the structure of fine powders is dominated by B2 (ordered β) phase which, at slower cooling rates, is superseded by α2 and a phase, which X-ray diffraction suggests may be orthorhombic. Powder specimens exhibited dendritic structures and the distribution of elements between dendrite and interdendritic area has been determined in Super α2.
Canopea an energy-smart home integrable into a smart-grid. (2013)

International audience
Influence of Sulfur Dioxide Fumigant Dose on Residues and Control of Postharvest Decay of Grapes (1990)

Sulfite residues in grapes fumigated weekly with 312 or 625 ppm did not exceed the 10 μg of sulfite per gram of fresh weight residue tolerance, whereas those with higher fumigation doses occasionally did. Commonly used commercial doses (5,000-10,000 ppm for the first fumigation followed by 1,000-2,500 ppm weekly) were higher than needed for decay control
Transmission Line Pulse (TLP) Statistical Characterization Approach (2020)

In this work a methodology to properly define design guidelines by means of TLP statistical data analysis is presented, avoiding overdesign and failures for products. Using a fully automated TLP set-up, a large amount of characterization data is collected. This information can be used to drive an advanced optimization of ESD protections.
Production of high yields of docosahexaenoic acid by Schizochytrium sp. strain SR21 (1997)

Abstract The culture conditions for high‐yield production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by Schizochytrium sp. strain SR21 were investigated in a fermenter. With increasing carbon (glucose) and nitrogen (corn steep liquor and ammonium sulfate) sources (up to 12% glucose) in the medium, DHA productivity increased without a decrease in growth rate, i.e., 2.0, 2.7, and 3.3 g DHA/L/d with 6, 10, and 12% glucose, respectively. Eventually, 48.1 g dry cells/L and 13.3 g DHA/L were produced in 4 d with 12% glucose. DHA productivity was decreased with 15% glucose, i.e., 3.1 g/L/d. With 12% glucose, the lipid content was 77.5% of dry cells, and DHA content was 35.6% of total fatty acids. The lipid was composed of about 95% neutral lipid and 5% polar lipid. In polar lipids, the contents of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol were 74, 11, and 5%, respectively. The PC profile was simple, 70% of PC molecules were 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐DHA‐PC and 1.2‐di‐DHA‐PC. These results indicate that Schizochytrium sp. strain 21 is an excellent source for microbial DHA production, including not only the acid form of DHA but also 2‐DHA‐PC.