gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transfer of the Experimental Autoimmune Glaucoma Model from Rats to Mice—New Options to Study Glaucoma Disease (2019)

Studies have suggested an involvement of the immune system in glaucoma. Hence, a rat experimental autoimmune glaucoma model (EAG) was developed to investigate the role of the immune response. Here, we transferred this model into mice. Either 0.8 mg/mL of the optic nerve antigen homogenate (ONA; ONA 0.8) or 1.0 mg/mL ONA (ONA 1.0) were injected in 129/Sv mice. Controls received sodium chloride. Before and 6 weeks after immunization, the intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured. At 6 weeks, retinal neurons, glia cells, and synapses were analyzed via immunohistology and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Additionally, optic nerves were examined. The IOP stayed in the normal physiological range throughout the study (<i>p</i> > 0.05). A significant reduction of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was noted in both immunized groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Remodeling of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses was seen in ONA 1.0 retinas. Furthermore, both ONA groups revealed optic nerve degeneration and macrogliosis (all: <i>p</i> < 0.001). An increase of activated microglia was noted in ONA retinas and optic nerves (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Both ONA concentrations led to RGC loss and optic nerve degeneration. Therefore, the EAG model was successfully transferred from rats to mice. In further studies, transgenic knockout mice can be used to investigate the pathomechanisms of glaucoma more precisely.
Strehl ratio of a Gaussian beam (2005)

We discuss the Strehl ratio of systems with a Gaussian pupil and determine the range of validity of its approximate expression based on the aberration variance. The results given are equally applicable to propagation of Gaussian beams. The uniform and weakly truncated pupils are considered as limiting cases of a Gaussian pupil. We show that the approximate expression for Strehl ratio in terms of the aberration variance yields a good estimate of the true value for a strongly truncated pupil but a much smaller value for a weakly truncated pupil.
Stimulation of myelopoiesis in a patient with congenital neutropenia: biology and nature of response to recombinant human granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor (1990)

To stimulate granulopoiesis, we gave recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; 120 microgram/m2/d) to a patient with congenital neutropenia. The treatment resulted in marked increases in white blood cell counts (maximum, 17,400/microL), consisting mainly of eosinophils (maximum, 13,050/microL) and monocytes (maximum, 1305/microL), rather than neutrophils (maximum, 798/microL). Circulating phagocytes (97% eosinophils) derived after GM-CSF treatment were less effective in chemotaxis, slower but equally effective in phagocytosis, and more effective in H2O2 production compared with normal control neutrophils, but comparable in chemotaxis and H2O2 production to control eosinophils. Before GM-CSF treatment, the bone marrow showed a maturation defect in the neutrophilic series that persisted after treatment despite marked increases in mature cells of other lineages. In vitro agar culture of bone marrow cells before GM-CSF treatment showed a normal number of granulocyte colonies; however, maturation was limited to the metamyelocyte stage. Although the absolute number and cycling rates of myeloid colony forming cells (predominantly eosinophils) increased after treatment, the maturation defect in the neutrophilic series persisted. The finding that GM-CSF induced stimulation of proliferation, which was coupled with maturation in the eosinophilic and monocytic but not the neutrophilic components, suggests that this patient had an intrinsic cellular or humoral defect in neutrophil maturation.
[Electronic Apex Locator as a dental instrument]. (2009)

Electronic Apex Locators (EAL) have become widely used in the last decade. The first apex locator was introduced in 1962, based on a constant electrical resistance (6.5 K.) between the oral mucosa and periodontal ligament. The first and second generations of EAL were inaccurate and could not detect the apex in the presence of conducting fluids. The third generation solved this problem by using two alternating frequencies and calculating the impedance between them. This provided reliable and accurate results in dry canals, or in the presence of blood, electrolytes or other fluid in the root canals, when the pulp was necrotic or when there was a perforation along the root. The Root ZX and Apit (Endex) are the most documented devices. The new fourth generation of apex locators is a diverse group: some use multifrequency currents, others use a "lookup matrix" rather than calculate the readings. Several of the newer EALs are smaller, and others connect to computers.
Effect of curvature and chirality for hydrogen storage in single-walled carbon nanotubes: A Combined ab initio and Monte Carlo investigation (2007)

Combined ab initio and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to investigate the dependence of hydrogen storage in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on both tube curvature and chirality. The ab initio calculations at the density functional level of theory can provide useful information about the nature of hydrogen adsorption in SWCNT selected sites and the binding under different curvatures and chiralities of the tube walls. Further to this, the grand canonical Monte Carlo atomistic simulation technique can model large-scale nanotube systems with different curvature and chiralities and reproduce their storage capacity by calculating the weight percentage of the adsorbed material (gravimetric density) under thermodynamic conditions of interest. The author's results have shown that with both computational techniques, the nanotube's curvature plays an important role in the storage process while the chirality of the tube plays none.
Erratum: “Nanoscale silicon wires synthesized using simple physical evaporation” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 3458 (1998)] (2004)

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Computed tomography in adults with atypical clinical presentation of acute appendicitis: comparison of findings with inflammatory serum markers (2013)

Introduction Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common cause of acute abdominal pain in adults [1,2]. 70% of patients have classical clinical features such as pain near the umbilicus that grows more intense over time and shifts to the right lower quadrant (RLQ), fever, and guarding at McBurney´s point [3]. Those
Spare Parts Support Optimization Algorithm Based on Support Degree (2013)

we consider the actual situation of wartime equipment support and the different life of the old and new spare parts, in-depth analyze the impact of spare parts scheduling on the support degree, and establishe support degree model of the three-levels spare parts scheduling. According to the characteristics of the model, the introduction of the classic scheduling algorithm for optimization of spare parts, can effectively improve the efficiency of support,the last example shows that the effectiveness of the method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i8.3040
Increasing water‐use efficiency directly through genetic manipulation of stomatal density (2015)

Improvement in crop water-use efficiency (WUE) is a critical priority for regions facing increased drought or diminished groundwater resources. Despite new tools for the manipulation of stomatal development, the engineering of plants with high WUE remains a challenge. We used Arabidopsis epidermal patterning factor (EPF) mutants exhibiting altered stomatal density to test whether WUE could be improved directly by manipulation of the genes controlling stomatal density. Specifically, we tested whether constitutive overexpression of EPF2 reduced stomatal density and maximum stomatal conductance (gw(max) ) sufficiently to increase WUE. We found that a reduction in gw(max) via reduced stomatal density in EPF2-overexpressing plants (EPF2OE) increased both instantaneous and long-term WUE without altering significantly the photosynthetic capacity. Conversely, plants lacking both EPF1 and EPF2 expression (epf1epf2) exhibited higher stomatal density, higher gw(max) and lower instantaneous WUE, as well as lower (but not significantly so) long-term WUE. Targeted genetic modification of stomatal conductance, such as in EPF2OE, is a viable approach for the engineering of higher WUE in crops, particularly in future high-carbon-dioxide (CO2 ) atmospheres.
A Novel (S)-(+)-Decursin Derivative, (S)-(+)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-acrylic Acid 2,2-Dimethyl-8-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H,8H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-3-yl-ester, Inhibits Ovalbumin-Induced Lung Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Asthma (2009)

(S)-(+)-Decursin is a coumarin compound present in herbal extracts that has various biological activities. (S)-(+)-Decursin attenuates pathophysiologic progression in cancer, bacterial infection and neuropathy. Asthma is an inflammatory disease associated with increased infiltration of leukocytes, especially eosinophils, and secretion of mucus into the airways. Although (S)-(+)-decursin, as well as (S)-(+)-decursin analogues, have various pharmacological properties, the effect of these compounds on asthma is not known. In the present study, we synthesized (S)-(+)-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-acrylic acid 2,2-dimethyl-8-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H,8H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-3-yl-ester (compound 6, C6) from (S)-(+)-decursin and examined if C6 had any inhibitory effects on lung inflammation in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced asthma. C6 significantly inhibited the leukocytosis (p < 0.01) and eosinophilia (p < 0.05) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Examination of lung tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid Schiff reagents showed that C6 suppressed the increased infiltration of inflammatory cells and elevated mucus hypersecretion. Protein levels of interleukin (IL)-5 (p < 0.05) and eotaxin (p < 0.01) were significantly reduced in BAL fluid by C6. C6 also significantly reduced total and ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in BAL fluid (p < 0.01) as well as that in serum (p < 0.05). C6 may have pharmacological effects for asthma and may be a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic airway diseases.
C5 convertase of the alternative complement pathway: covalent linkage between two C3b molecules within the trimolecular complex enzyme. (1988)

C5 convertase of the alternative C pathway is a complex enzyme consisting of three C fragments--one molecule of a major fragment of factor B (Bb) and two molecules of a major fragment of C3 (C3b). Within this C3bBbC3b complex, the first C3b binds covalently to the target surface, and Bb, which bears a catalytic site, binds noncovalently to the first C3b. In the present investigation, we studied the nature of the convertase that is assembled on E surfaces and obtained evidence that the second C3b binds directly to the alpha'-chain of the first through an ester bond rather than to the target surface. Thus, the alternative pathway C5 convertase could be described as a trimolecular complex in which Bb binds noncovalently to a covalently linked C3b dimer. We also obtained evidence that not only the second C3b but also the first C3b participates in binding C5, that is, covalently-linked C3b dimer acts as a substrate-binding site. Because of this two-site binding, the convertase has a much higher affinity for C5 than the surrounding monomeric C3b molecules. Based on this evidence, a new model of the alternative pathway C5 convertase is proposed. Covalent association of two subunits and the bivalent binding of the substrate are then common properties of the alternative and classical pathway C5 convertases.
Drift Velocities of Electron Swarms in Methane : A Multi-Term Boltzmann Equation Analysis (1991)

The drift velocities deduced from the flight diStance spectrum (FDS) and the arrival time spectrurn (ATS) of an electron swarm in the methane gas are calculated at Eloo values from 1 to 300 Vcm-' Torr-'.In the method for solving the equations for the FDS and ATS analyses, a multi-term (six-term) spherical harmonic expansion technique is employed.The result shows the differences in values of the various drift velocities: the center-of-mass drift velocity PV}, the mean drift velocity PVb, the drift velocity for the steady-state-Townsend Ixli and the mean arrival time drift velocity Yl71n, at high EZPo values larger than 50 Vcm-i Torrm'.In particular, with focusing on the values of l7Yi,i, a comparison of the validity and accuracy of both the ATS method and the FDS method is also made, and it is shown that the ATS analysis is an effective and exact method to deduce the experimental time-of-flight (TOF) parameters.
CupCarbon: A Multi-Agent and Discrete Event Wireless Sensor Network Design and Simulation Tool (2014)

This paper presents the first version of a Wireless Sensor Network simulator, called CupCarbon. It is a multiagent and discrete event Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) simulator. Networks can be designed and prototyped in an ergonomic user-friendly interface using the OpenStreetMap (OSM) framework by de
Hand-held devices for avionics system maintenance (1997)

Maintenance of aerospace equipment, including aircraft, requires highly trained personnel and expensive test equipment. The job has become increasingly complex over the years as more sophisticated electronic equipment has been added to perform the functions of sensing, communication and control. This paper explores the need and requirements for hand-held devices in the field of avionics system maintenance. A number of research programs are described that have as an objective the development of hand-held or clothing-mounted electronic devices for assisting the user while performing various tasks. A new, highly integrated microcontroller is used to illustrate the design of a cost effective, hand-held maintenance device for avionics system maintenance.
Factors Associated With Declining to Participate in a Pediatric Oncology Next-Generation Sequencing Study (2020)

Race/ethnicity differentiated study declination across two different pediatric oncology genomics studies, suggesting enrollment disparities in the context of pediatric oncology genomics research. Genomics research participant samples that do not fully represent racial and ethnic minorities risk further exacerbating health disparities. Additional work is needed to understand the nuances of parental decision making in genomic research and facilitate enrollment of diverse patient populations.
Data on the configuration design of internet-connected home cooling systems by engineering students (2017)

This experiment was carried out to record the step-by-step actions that humans take in solving a configuration design problem, either in small teams or individually. Specifically, study participants were tasked with configuring an internet-connected system of products to maintain temperature within a home, subject to cost constraints. Every participant was given access to a computer-based design interface that allowed them to construct and assess solutions. The interface was also used to record the data that is presented here. In total, data was collected for 68 participants, and each participant was allowed to perform 50 design actions in solving the configuration design problem. Major results based on the data presented here have been reported separately, including initial behavioral analysis (McComb et al.) [1], [2] and design pattern assessments via Markovian modeling (McComb et al., 2017; McComb et al., 2017) [3], [4].
Acetogenic bacteria utilize light-driven electrons as an energy source for autotrophic growth (2021)

Acetogenic bacteria use cellular redox energy to convert CO<sub>2</sub> to acetate using the Wood-Ljungdahl (WL) pathway. Such redox energy can be derived from electrons generated from H<sub>2</sub> as well as from inorganic materials, such as photoresponsive semiconductors. We have developed a nanoparticle-microbe hybrid system in which chemically synthesized cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS-NPs) are displayed on the cell surface of the industrial acetogen <i>Clostridium autoethanogenum</i> The hybrid system converts CO<sub>2</sub> into acetate without the need for additional energy sources, such as H<sub>2</sub>, and uses only light-induced electrons from CdS-NPs. To elucidate the underlying mechanism by which <i>C. autoethanogenum</i> uses electrons generated from external energy sources to reduce CO<sub>2</sub>, we performed transcriptional analysis. Our results indicate that genes encoding the metal ion or flavin-binding proteins were highly up-regulated under CdS-driven autotrophic conditions along with the activation of genes associated with the WL pathway and energy conservation system. Furthermore, the addition of these cofactors increased the CO<sub>2</sub> fixation rate under light-exposure conditions. Our results demonstrate the potential to improve the efficiency of artificial photosynthesis systems based on acetogenic bacteria integrated with photoresponsive nanoparticles.
Advanced generation adenoviral vectors possess augmented gene transfer efficiency based upon coxsackie adenovirus receptor-independent cellular entry capacity. (2000)

Adenoviral (Ad) vectors have been widely used in the context of cancer gene therapy approaches. Their utility in these contexts, however, has frequently been limited by tumor cell resistance to Ad infection. The basis of this resistance has been defined recently as resulting from a deficiency of the primary adenovirus receptor, coxsackie adenovirus receptor. As a means to circumvent this limitation, a variety of tropism modification strategies have allowed coxsackie adenovirus receptor-independent gene delivery via the Ad vector. These advanced generation adenovirus vectors exhibit enhanced infectivity, which can allow direct therapeutic gain. Such vectors may allow improvements in efficacy in the context of ongoing human clinical gene therapy approaches for cancer.
A RADIO-ISOTOPIC ASSAY FOR THE DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF RESIDUAL CLEANING MATERIALS ON A PAINT FILM (1990)

One aspect of the use of aqueous systems for the removal of grime or accumulated materials on the surface of paintings has been the incorporation and utilization of surfactants and other non-volatile components in these kinds of preparations to increase their range and efficacy. The clearing of non-volatile materials from surfaces to which they have been applied remains problematic for the conservator. The present study uses radio-isotopically labeled detergents to quantify both the amount of deposited material and the relative efficacy of clearing procedures under a range of conditions. Such critical solution parameters as pH, concentration, surfactant structure, counter ion type, viscosity and ionic strength were varied to gauge their effect on the amounts of material deposited on a test painting surface. A novel assay is presented for the evaluation of residual materials.
Syntheses de 2-cyano-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridines substituees et de 4-cyano-1,4,6,7,12,12b-hexahydroindolo2,3-aquinolizines par transfert monoelectronique photocatalytique. Applications a la synthese d'alacaloides indoliques (1997)

Ce travail a consiste en l'extension d'une nouvelle methode efficace de formation d'-aminonitriles, aux derives n-tryptophyl-#3-piperidiniques, aux indolo2,3-aquinolizidines et aux 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridines chirales. Cette methode mise au point au laboratoire, realisee par une photocatalyse par transfert monoelectronique a partir d'une amine tertiaire, conduit a un iminium piege in situ sous forme d'-aminonitrile. Ce derive cyane, ainsi obtenu reagit avec un nucleophile pour conduire a des additions 1,2 ou 1,4. Ainsi, une etude d'obtention de 2-cyano-n-tryptophyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridines a montre que ces derives etaient obtenus avec de bons rendements, et fonctionnalisables en position 4 par une fonction diester, selon une addition de michael, pour conduire apres cyclisation aux derives tetracycliques correspondants. Une seconde etude d'obtention efficace d'indolo2,3-aquinolizidines cyanes nous a permis d'elaborer des systemes tetracycliques fonctionnalises en position 4 par une fonction diester, representatifs d'alcaloides de type corynanthe. Ces systemes resultant de l'addition de l'anion du malonate de dimethyle sur l'iminium conjugue, preforme a partir de l'-aminonitrile, suivie de l'hydrogenation de l'enamine formee ; sont prepares diastereoselectivement. Une synthese formelle et diastereoselective de l'hirsutine a ete realisee. Une derniere etude de photocyanation d'une 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine chirale, obtenue par reduction du sel de pyridinium de (-)--benzylamine prepare par la methode de zincke, a permis la preparation d'-aminonitrile correspondant. Une approche de la 20-epiuleine impliquant une condensation de l'indole en de l'atome d'azote piperidinique a ete envisagee. Cette etape n'a pas conduit de facon satisfaisante au produit de condensation attendu. Ces travaux ont montre l'efficacite de cette photocyanation et son application dans l'approche de composes naturels tels que les alcaloides indoliques.
[Radiotherpay and immediate breast reconstruction with myocutaneous flap in breast cancer of reserved prognosis]. (2000)

In France, immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) for infiltrating carcinoma remains controversial. Many teams advocate the possible event of a post mastectomy radiotherapy and its negative effect on IBR. In our Institute we do not exclude infiltrating breast cancer patient from IBR. In the poor prognostic patients who wish IBR, we recommend autologous IBR to obtain the best aesthetic result with minimum revision procedures and best tolerance to adjuvant radiotherapy. From January 1993 to December 1997, we performed 687 IBR with myocutaneous flap for infiltrating carcinomas. In this group only 68 patients needed postoperative chest wall radiotherapy (45 Gy): 27 TRAM flap, 41 latissimus flap. Only one of the TRAM but 39 of latissimus flaps were associated with a prosthesis. The mean follow-up was 24 months. Fourteen patients developed metastatic disease, and ten were dead at the time of the chart revue. The autogenous TRAM flap tolerate radiation quite well and remain soft and mobile. The latissimus flap associated with a prosthesis developed capsular contracture (BAKER II or III) in 71% of cases. In all cases the cosmetic impairment was not important and the result after capsulectomy remained soft. We concluded that IBR could be offered to motivated patients in all stages of the disease regardless of the subsequent chest wall radiotherapy, and we recommend its use for possible autologous reconstruction.