gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1992 assessment of radiation risk from dental radiography. (1992)

Recent studies suggest that the lifetime cancer risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation may be greater than previously estimated. This review first summarizes the findings of these studies as they pertain to dental radiology, then uses their concepts in combination with dosimetry from the dental literature to estimate the radiation risk from dental radiology. Estimation of risk from groups of exposed individuals requires use of mathematical models that fit the epidemiological data. The ICRP estimates that a single brief whole-body exposure of 1 Gy to 10,000 people results in about 500 additional cancer deaths over the lifetime of the exposed individuals, assuming a dose rate effectiveness factor of 2 for cancers other than leukaemia. Leukaemias are seen as a wave from 5 to 30 years following exposure. Cancers other than leukaemia typically start to appear about 10 years following exposure and remain in excess for as long as most exposed populations are followed, presumably for the lifetime of the exposed individuals. The gonadal dose is so small from dental radiography that the risk of heritable defects is negligible in comparison with the somatic risk. The dental literature contains several studies reporting sufficient dosimetric data for radiosensitive sites in the head and neck to allow estimation of the risk of fatal cancers from intra-oral and panoramic radiography. The highest estimated risks (using the ICRP data) are for leukaemia (bone marrow), thyroid and bone surface cancer. The total risk is estimated to be 2.5 fatal malignancies per 10(6) full-mouth examinations made with D-speed film and round collimation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Non-invasive 16-row spiral multislice computed tomography coronary angiography after one year of experience]. (2003)

The gold standard for direct diagnostic imaging of coronary arteries is still conventional X-ray coronary angiography, even though for several other applications, noninvasive techniques substituted invasive ones. In the last 10 years several techniques (magnetic resonance, electron beam tomography, spiral computed tomography) attempted to emerge as noninvasive modality for the study of coronary arteries. The introduction of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) with retrospectively gated ECG reconstructions has substantially modified the coronary imaging scenario. In fact, the results have been promising since the beginning with 4-row MSCT. Currently the results reported with 16-row MSCT allow to question which role can the noninvasive coronary angiography play in clinical settings. With a scan of < 20 s after intravenous administration of iodinated contrast material it is possible to obtain information similar to conventional coronary angiography. Moreover, together with vascular patency, also atherosclerotic plaques are well visualized and characterized (type: calcified, soft, mixed). Ongoing studies are validating MSCT in the assessment of plaque vulnerability. The same technique allows to evaluate left ventricular function and myocardial wall motion impairment. Still with a few major limitations related to the heart rate, MSCT will broaden the noninvasive capability of evaluating coronary arteries in patients where conventional coronary angiography is exceeding the actual clinical question or considered as premature.
The Value of Thyroprotein in Starting, Growing and Laying Rations (1948)

THREE reports have appeared in recent years which suggested that thyroprotein might be a desirable ingredient for commercial broiler rations. These previous trials were done with small numbers for each dosage level and the chicks were reared in batteries rather than under practical farm conditions. Moreover, the statistical significance of the differences in response to treatment was not determined. Thus a need was apparent for a more extensive test of these findings under commercial production conditions with the attendant crowding, contact with intestinal discharges, and other normal brooding hazards. The work reported here is an attempt to provide further information on the value of thyroprotein when fed to broiler chicks under conditions approximating those in the field. REVIEW OF LITERATURE It is difficult to evaluate the literature on the effects of feeding thyroprotein to growing chicks. Not only have different investigators used different dosages, but the thyroprotein used has varied . . .
Calcium-dependent Involucrin Expression Is Inversely Regulated by Protein Kinase C (PKC)α and PKCδ (2002)

Calcium is an important physiologic regulator of keratinocyte function that may regulate keratinocyte differentiation via modulation of protein kinase C (PKC) activity. PKCalpha and PKCdelta are two PKC isoforms that are expressed at high levels in keratinocytes. In the present study, we examine the effect of PKCdelta and PKCalpha on calcium-dependent keratinocyte differentiation as measured by effects on involucrin (hINV) gene expression. Our studies indicate that calcium increases hINV promoter activity and endogenous hINV gene expression. This response requires PKCdelta, as evidenced by the observation that treatment with dominant-negative PKCdelta inhibits calcium-dependent hINV promoter activity, whereas wild type PKCdelta increases activity. PKCalpha, in contrast, inhibits calcium-dependent hINV promoter activation, a finding that is consistent with the ability of dominant-negative PKCalpha and the PKCalpha inhibitor, Go6976, to increase hINV gene expression. The calcium-dependent regulatory response is mediated by an AP1 transcription factor-binding site located within the hINV promoter distal regulatory region that is also required for PKCdelta-dependent regulation; moreover, both calcium and PKCdelta produce similar, but not identical, changes in AP1 factor expression. A key question is whether calcium directly influences PKC isoform function. Our studies show that calcium does not regulate PKCalpha or delta levels or cause a marked redistribution to membranes. However, tyrosine phosphorylation of PKCdelta is markedly increased following calcium treatment. These findings suggest that PKCalpha and PKCdelta are required for, and modulate, calcium-dependent keratinocyte differentiation in opposing directions.
Photosynthesis patterns during the establishment year within two Populus clones with contrasting morphology and phenology (1990)

Diurnal and seasonal photosynthesis patterns were studied in poplar clones Populus tristis Fisch. x P. balsamfera L. cv. Tristis #1 (NC 5260) and Populus x euramericana (Dode) Guiner cv. Eugenei (NC 5326, Carolina poplar) during their first season in the field in a short rotation, intensive culture plantation. Photosynthetic rates were low in immature leaves; increased basipetally on the shoot and peaked in leaves that had recently reached full expansion; and thereafter declined in lower-crown leaves in both clones. Photosynthesis was associated with leaf age and stomatal conductance in immature leaves; adaxial photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and leaf temperature in recently mature leaves; and leaf age and adaxial PPFD in lower-crown leaves. Diurnal photosynthesis patterns within trees were highly variable due to differential light interception among leaves. Results of clonal comparisons of photosynthetic rates were dependent on which leaves were pooled for comparison and how photosynthesis was expressed. Compared to Eugenei, Tristis produced smaller leaves which had higher unit-area photosynthesis rates. The more indeterminate Eugenei outgrew Tristis principally because it more fully utilized the growing season for leaf area production. Photosynthetic production integrated over the growing season was closely related to dry matter production in both clones.
Molecular Motion and Light Scattering in Liquids (1971)

Abstract The use of light scattering techniques for the investigation of molecular motions in liquids is considered. In addition to orientational motion information about certain aspects of translational motion can be obtained. This information includes the details of isolated binary collisions, the correlation of successive collisions and structural relaxation time of the liquid lattice.
Dominant effects of the Huntington's disease HTT CAG repeat length are captured in gene-expression data sets by a continuous analysis mathematical modeling strategy (2013)

In Huntington's disease (HD), the size of the expanded HTT CAG repeat mutation is the primary driver of the processes that determine age at onset of motor symptoms. However, correlation of cellular biochemical parameters also extends across the normal repeat range, supporting the view that the CAG repeat represents a functional polymorphism with dominant effects determined by the longer allele. A central challenge to defining the functional consequences of this single polymorphism is the difficulty of distinguishing its subtle effects from the multitude of other sources of biological variation. We demonstrate that an analytical approach based upon continuous correlation with CAG size was able to capture the modest (∼21%) contribution of the repeat to the variation in genome-wide gene expression in 107 lymphoblastoid cell lines, with alleles ranging from 15 to 92 CAGs. Furthermore, a mathematical model from an iterative strategy yielded predicted CAG repeat lengths that were significantly positively correlated with true CAG allele size and negatively correlated with age at onset of motor symptoms. Genes negatively correlated with repeat size were also enriched in a set of genes whose expression were CAG-correlated in human HD cerebellum. These findings both reveal the relatively small, but detectable impact of variation in the CAG allele in global data in these peripheral cells and provide a strategy for building multi-dimensional data-driven models of the biological network that drives the HD disease process by continuous analysis across allelic panels of neuronal cells vulnerable to the dominant effects of the HTT CAG repeat.
Cation Gating and Relocation during the Highly Selective “Trapdoor” Adsorption of CO2 on Univalent Cation Forms of Zeolite Rho (2014)

Adsorption of CO2 and CH4 has been measured on the Na-, K-, and Cs-forms of zeolite Rho (0 9 bar; 283 333 K). Although CH4 is excluded, CO2 is readily taken up, although the uptake at low pressures decreases strongly, in the order Na+ &gt; K+ &gt; Cs+. Structural studies by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) suggest that cations in intercage window sites block CH4 adsorption; however, in the presence of CO2, the cations can move enough to permit adsorption (several angstroms). Determination of time-averaged cation positions during CO2 adsorption at 298 K by Rietveld refinement against PXRD data shows that (i) in Na-Rho, there is a small relaxation of Na+ cations within single eight-ring (S8R) sites, (ii) in Cs-Rho, D8R cations move to S8R sites (remaining within windows) and two phases of Cs-Rho (I4&amp;#773;3m, Im3&amp;#773;m) are present over a wide pressure range, and (iii) in K-Rho, there is relocation of some K+ cations from window sites to cage sites and two phases coexist, each with I4&amp;#773;3m symmetry, over the pressure range of 0 1 bar. The final cation distributions at high PCO2 are similar for Na-, K-, and Cs-Rho, and adsorption in each case is only possible by trapdoor -type cation gating. Complementary studies on K-chabazite (Si/Al = 3) also show changes in time-averaged cation location during CO2 adsorption.
A policy framework for management of distributed systems (2002)

Policy-based management is one of the latest developments in network and distributed systems management. Academic and commercial settings, as well as standardisation bodies are concentrating on policy-based management as a very promising solution for managing large-scale distributed systems. The use of policy-based management in areas such as security is particularly attractive. The introduction of new technologies (e.g. active networks, mobile agents) and the use of the Internet for providing services to customers, increase the security concerns associated with today s networked environments. Security management involves specification and deployment of access control policies as well as activities such as registration of users or logging and auditing events for dealing with access to critical resources or security violations. The management actions to be performed when an event occurs depend on the enterprise policy.
THE WASSENAAR ARRANGEMENT (1996)

Abstract : In December 1995, 28 governments agreed to establish a new international regime to increase transparency and responsibility for the global market in conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies. official name of the regime is The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies -- Wassenaar being the town outside Hague where five rounds of negotiations took place over the past 2 years. Wassenaar Arrangement is just an initial international framework that will need to be elaborated and defined more fully. But it already represents some notable achievements for U.S. foreign policy. For the first time there is a global mechanism for controlling transfers of conventional armaments, and a venue in which governments can consider collectively the implications of various transfers on their international and regional security interests. In view of the close association between advanced technologies, including production technologies, and modern battlefield weapons, sensitive dual-use commodities will receive the same measure of scrutiny as do arms. Moreover, the preliminary scope of international support for this enterprise is already quite broad. Our friends and allies in Europe and in the Pacific comprise the core membership, but Russia and the four Visegrad states of Central Europe have also joined as full members. composition and the goals of Wassenaar Arrangement are tailored to respond to the new security threats of the post-Cold War world, and will close a critical gap in the international control mechanisms, which have concentrated on preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their delivery systems. While Wassenaar Arrangement will not duplicate the other nonproliferation mechanisms, it will through a variety of means complement and, where necessary, reinforce them.
Assay Performance of a Label-Free, Solution-Phase CYFRA 21-1 Determination (2022)

CYFRA 21.1, a cytokeratin fragment of epithelial origin, has long been a valuable blood-based biomarker. As with most biomarkers, the clinical diagnostic value of CYFRA 21.1 is dependent on the quantitative performance of the assay. Looking toward translation, it is shown here that a free-solution assay (FSA) coupled with a compensated interferometric reader (CIR) can be used to provide excellent analytical performance in quantifying CYFRA 21.1 in patient serum samples. This report focuses on the analytical performance of the high-sensitivity (hs)-CYFRA 21.1 assay in the context of quantifying the biomarker in two indeterminate pulmonary nodule (IPN) patient cohorts totaling 179 patients. Each of the ten assay calibrations consisted of 6 concentrations, each run as 7 replicates (e.g., 10 × 6 × 7 data points) and were performed on two different instruments by two different operators. Coefficients of variation (CVs) for the hs-CYFRA 21.1 analytical figures of merit, limit of quantification (LOQ) of ca. 60 pg/mL, <i>B</i> <sub>max</sub>, initial slope, probe-target binding affinity, and reproducibility of quantifying an unknown were found to range from 2.5 to 8.3%. Our results demonstrate the excellent performance of our FSA-CIR hs-CYFRA 21-1 assay and a proof of concept for potentially redefining the performance characteristics of this existing important candidate biomarker.
Analysis of different feedback topologies to LNA input matching (2007)

This paper describes the analysis of different feedback topologies to LNA input matching. The effect of different components to LNA input impedance is discussed. Analyzed feedback topologies can also be used to eliminate the source inductor found in IDCS LNA and feedback can be used to achieve matching in packaged LNA where the bond wire is no longer a free design parameter. A design example, using a 1.2-V 65-nm CMOS process, is given for a packaged LNA to demonstrate that adequate performance can be achieved using the presented theory and topologies.
Blood + Bone Marrow Cell Culture - Review (1965)

Reused with permission from Sigma-Xi Scientific Research Society. Please refer to journal publication for the original version.
Prediction of vascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by next-generation des-r-carboxy prothrombin (2015)

The NX-DCP level can be used to predict the presence of vascular invasion in HCC.
Improved calibration of infrared radiometers for cloud temperature remote sensing (1993)

We discuss errors and uncertainties in calibrating infrared radiometers to measure the temperature of clouds in the earth's atmosphere. Many of the points we make apply to any radiometric temperature-sensing application where the target temperature is less than the ambient temperature. Dominant uncertainties and errors are due to ambient radiance reflected from the blackbody-simulator source, thermal fluctuations in the radiometer, and imprecise voltage measurements. Our improved technique removes, reduces, or accounts for these errors and uncertainties. The resulting calibration uncertainty is ± 0.8°C for a radiometer with a 10-v output range. We verified this accuracy by comparing cloud-base temperatures measured by ground-based IR radiometers, <i>in situ</i> (radiosonde) sensors, and other remote sensors on the ground and on satellites. We made these comparisons for spatially uniform blackbody clouds that filled the field of view of our ground-based radiometers.
Rigorous electromagnetic analysis of diffractive cylindrical lenses (1996)

A novel two-region formulation of the rigorous electromagnetic boundary element method (BEM) is developed and applied to practical diffractive cylindrical lenses of continuous profile and with discrete levels (32, 8, and 2). The performance of these diffractive lenses is presented for incident waves of TE and TM polarization, for a range of beam profiles, and for normal and nonnormal incidence. An optimum width of the Gaussian beam is determined. The BEM is shown to be accurate and versatile, providing the numerical and graphical results that are needed for analysis and design of diffractive elements.
Comparison Between Thermally Stimulated Discharge Method and Photo-stimulated Discharge Method for Measuring Space Charge Traps Energy (2013)

The space charge behavior of a dielectric under HVDC is influenced by the charge trap energy distribution in it. Hence, we in- vestigated the charge trap distributions in several kinds of typical polymer materials using thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) and photo-stimulated discharge (PSD) methods, respectively. The experimental results show that,there is a significant difference between the trap energy distributions obtained by the two methods, but the difference decreases with the increase of the melting point of polymers. This is attributed to the change of the trap center environment during TSD caused by the increasing movements of both main chains and branched chains in polymers. PSD method is more accurate for investigating charge trap distribution in dielectrics, especially for polymers with low melting points.
A blind decision feedback equalizer incorporating fixed lag smoothing (2000)

A new type of blind decision feedback equalizer (DFE) incorporating fixed lag smoothing is developed in this paper. The structure is motivated by the fact that if we make full use of the dependence of the observed data on a given transmitted symbol, delayed decisions may produce better estimates of that symbol. To this end, we use a hidden Markov model (HMM) suboptimal formulation that offers a good tradeoff between computational complexity and bit error rate (BER) performance. The proposed equalizer also provides estimates of the channel coefficients and operates adaptively (so that it can adapt to a fading channel for instance) by means of an online version of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The resulting equalizer structure takes the form of a linear feedback system including a quantizer, and hence, it is easily implemented. In fact, because of its feedback structure, the proposed equalizer shows some similarities with the well-known DFE. A full theoretical analysis of the initial version of the algorithm is not available, but a characterization of a simplified version is provided. We demonstrate that compared to the zero-forcing DFE (ZF-DFE), the algorithm yields many improvements. A large range of simulations on finite impulse response (FIR) channels and on typical fading GSM channel models illustrate the potential of the proposed equalizer.
Ancient Anger: Perspectives from Homer to Galen (2005)

Notes on contributors Acknowledgements List of abbreviations Introduction Susanna Braund and Glenn W. Most 1. Ethics, ethology, terminology: Iliadic anger and the cross-cultural study of emotion D. L. Cairns 2. Anger and pity in Homer's Iliad Glenn W. Most 3. Angry bees, wasps and jurors: the symbolic politics of orge in Athens D. S. Allen 4. Aristotle on anger and the emotions: the strategies of status David Konstan 5. The rage of women W. V. Harris 6. Thumos as masculine ideal and social pathology in ancient Greek magical spells Christopher A. Faraone 7. Anger and gender in Chariton's Chaereas and Callirhoe J. H. D. Scourfield 8. 'Your mother nursed you with bile': anger in babies and small children Ann Ellis Hanson 9. Reactive and objective attitudes: anger in Virgil's Aeneid and Hellenistic philosophy Christopher Gill 10. The angry poet and the angry gods: problems of theodicy in Lucan's epic of defeat Elaine Fantham 11. An ABC of epic ira: anger, beasts and cannibalism Susanna Braund and Giles Gilbert References Index of passages cited Index of proper names Index of topics.
Improving RDF Query Performance Using In-memory Virtual Columns in Oracle Database (2019)

Many RDF Knowledge Graph Stores use IDs to represent triples to save storage and for ease of maintenance. Oracle is no exception. While this design is good for a small footprint on disk, it incurs overhead in query processing, as it requires joins with the value table to return results or process aggregates/filter/order-by queries. It becomes especially problematic as the result size increases or the number of projected variables increases. Depending on queries, the value table join could take up most of the query processing time. In this paper, we propose to use in-memory virtual columns to avoid value table joins. It has advantages in that it does not increase the footprint on disk, and at the same time it avoids the value table joins by utilizing in-memory virtual columns. The idea is to materialize the values only in memory and utilize the compression and vector processing that come with Oracle Database In-Memory technology. Typically, the value table in RDF is small compared to the triples table. Therefore, its footprint is manageable in memory, especially with compression in columnar format. The same mechanism can be applied to any application where there exists a one-to-one mapping between an ID and its value, such as data warehousing or data marts. The mechanism has been implemented in Oracle 18c. Experimental results using the LUBM1000 benchmark show up to two orders of magnitude query performance improvement.