gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
International High Level Nuclear Waste Management (1974)

The problems of managing radioactive wastes from the reprocessing of nuclear fuel were discussed last year at an international symposium in Paris. During the course of the meeting, it became clear that no uniform policy exists in the waste management practices of 10 nations. Professor Zeller is director of the Radiation Physics Laboratory, Space Technology Center, University of Kansas, in which Dr. Dreschhoff is Assistant Professor in the Physics Department and Research Associate in the Radiation Physics Laboratory. Dr. Saunders is manager of Regional Geologic Mapping, Geophoto Services, Texas Instruments, Inc.
Ongoing In Vivo Studies with Cytoskeletal Drugs in Tau Transgenic Mice (2006)

Most drug discovery efforts for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have focused on prevention or clearance of beta-amyloid (Abeta) fibrils or oligomers, with far less attention to prevention of tau abnormalities that lead to neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Much evidence now indicates that Abeta multimers can trigger neurodegenerative changes that involve formation of dystrophic neurites and cytoskeletal collapse, possibly due loss of microtubule (MT) stabilization by the tau protein. We have found that several MT-stabilizing agents such as Taxol significantly enhanced neuronal survival in the presence of Abeta and identified agents that enter the brain, a necessity for in vivo testing in animal models of tau pathology. Studies were designed to test two agents in the tau mutant (JNPL3) mouse that develops severe motor deficits at about seven months of age, accompanied by neuropathological markers of tau pathology. In addition to using motor performance tests through the planned period of drug administration, we designed a simple appetitive memory test that required a reduction in ad lib food intake. Although the neurochemical data are still being analyzed, we were surprised to find that all of the JNPL3 mice, whether receiving the drug or not, developed no signs of motor impairment up to 10 months of age. This is considerably beyond the age at which free-fed mice survived and suggests that the food restriction alone may have delayed the pathological process. A study is ongoing with free-fed mice to determine if the drug interventions do have any beneficial effects in these mutant mice.
Radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay for detection of antibodies to pseudorabies virus in swine serum. (1984)

A radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay for the detection and quantitation of antibodies to pseudorabies virus in swine sera was developed and the methods were standardized. The assay combined the principle of radial immunodiffusion with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitation of pseudorabies virus antibody titers was determined by measuring the diameter of a colored circular zone after overnight incubation of antibody with antigen. The specificity and sensitivity of the radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay were compared with that of the standard virus-neutralization test, and the results were determined to be correlated highly (r = 0.694, P less than 0.0001). The assay also appeared to be highly reproducible and simple to perform.
A Listener Adaptive Optimal Source Distribution System for Virtual Sound Imaging (2016)

This paper describes the use of an optimal source distribution loudspeaker array for binaural reproduction. In this paper, the device is made adaptive to the listener’s position. This is obtained by using a fixed set of crosstalk cancellation filters created for a central listening position plus a listener-position dependent delay network, which varies the delay of each loudspeaker unit to maximise the cross-talk cancellation response at the listener’s position. The paper introduces the formulation required for the adaptive control and simulated results predicting the performance of the device for symmetrical and asymmetrical listening positions. It is also shown how the proposed formulation has been implemented on a Sherwood S7 OPSODIS soundbar.
Properties of rod-based artificial pinning center Nb-Ti superconductors (1995)

We have fabricated rod based artificial pinning center (APC) composites from rods of Nb-Ti and Nb as matrix and pinning center respectively. Critical current densities of 19000 A/mm/sup 2/ at 1 T, 12500 A/mm/sup 2/ at 2 T and 3000 A/mm/sub 2/ at 5 T were achieved in a conductor containing Nb 47 wt.% Ti with 24 vol% Nb pins. Microscopy revealed a progressive degradation of the original hexagonal pinning centers from an ordered array towards a more random ribbon-type microstructure as the composites were drawn towards their peak J/sub c/. We review the impact of this deformation on the physical properties.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Semantic Deep Face Models (2020)

Face models built from 3D face databases are often used in computer vision and graphics tasks such as face reconstruction, replacement, tracking and manipulation. For such tasks, commonly used multi-linear morphable models, which provide semantic control over facial identity and expression, often lack quality and expressivity due to their linear nature. Deep neural networks offer the possibility of non-linear face modeling, where so far most research has focused on generating realistic facial images with less focus on 3D geometry, and methods that do produce geometry have little or no notion of semantic control, thereby limiting their artistic applicability. We present a method for nonlinear 3D face modeling using neural architectures that provides intuitive semantic control over both identity and expression by disentangling these dimensions from each other, essentially combining the benefits of both multi-linear face models and nonlinear deep face networks. The result is a powerful, semantically controllable, nonlinear, parametric face model. We demonstrate the value of our semantic deep face model with applications of 3D face synthesis, facial performance transfer, performance editing, and 2D landmark-based performance retargeting.
Spectroscopic measurement of the vapour pressure of ice (2012)

We present a laser absorption technique to measure the saturation vapour pressure of hexagonal ice. This method is referenced to the triple-point state of water and uses frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy to probe four rotation-vibration transitions of at wavenumbers near 7180 cm(-1). Laser measurements are made at the output of a temperature-regulated standard humidity generator, which contains ice. The dynamic range of the technique is extended by measuring the relative intensities of three weak/strong transition pairs at fixed ice temperature and humidity concentration. Our results agree with a widely used thermodynamically derived ice vapour pressure correlation over the temperature range 0°C to -70°C to within 0.35 per cent.
AMOS (ARPA Maui Optical Station) Seeing Quality Measurements (1976)

Abstract : During the month of August 1974, a series of experiments was conducted at the ARPA Maui Optical Station (AMOS) on Mt. Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii. The objectives were to quantify astronomical seeing conditions, and to determine if the seeing quality has been degraded by the presence of the site structures. Instruments used were an acoustic sounder (to probe the altitudes of 100 to 1000 ft), finewire microthermal probes (to measure local turbulence in and around the domes) and a Hartmann sensor (to provide integrated strengths of turbulence for the entire atmosphere). According to fine-wire probe data, local turbulence can be on occasion a significant factor in degrading seeing. These sensors noted some thermal contamination from one of the domes which was in a nearly operational configuration. The acoustic sounder indicated that the strengths of turbulence in 100 to 1000 ft altitude are not sufficient to degrade seeing. Finally, the Hartmann device recorded significantly more degradation than was seen by either of the other two probes. It is speculated that there is significant turbulence at high altitude temperature inversions such as at the tropopause.
Surgical techniques and tips for a reliable murine model of primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer (2022)

ABSTRACT For patients with pancreatic cancer, survival rates lag behind other common cancers. This is in part due to the relative resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics and novel immune- or targeted-therapies. Ongoing research efforts are needed to identify and validate effective therapies. It is the unfortunate reality that a significant proportion of pre-clinical success does not translate into improved patient outcomes, likely due to a multitude of factors. In the current research landscape, flank xenograft models are commonly utilized to study pancreatic cancer, as this technique is fast, fairly non-invasive, and reliable. However, this model is not anatomically or physiologically accurate, does not impact other intra-abdominal organs, and experiments are often ended based on tumor size rather than systemic illness. Orthotopic injections of cancer cells directly into the pancreas for study of localized disease or into the spleen for study of hepatic metastases can be performed via a quick, reliable, minimally invasive surgical procedure with minimal morbidity and mortality. Existing methodologic reports are often sparse. Thus, there are significant knowledge and technical gaps for researchers attempting these techniques for the first time. In the current report, details of orthotopic pancreatic injections and splenic injections for metastatic disease are provided. Details of commonly encountered operative issues and mistakes are presented with suggestions to improve performance are described. A summary of expected outcomes is also provided herein.
Indoor Massive MIMO: Uplink Pilot Mitigation Using Channel State Information Map (2016)

Massive MIMO brings both motivations and challenges to develop the 5th generation mobile wireless technology. The promising number of users and the high bitrate offered per unit area are challenged by uplink pilot contamination due to pilot reuse and a limited number of orthogonal pilot sequences. This paper proposes a solution to mitigate uplink pilot contamination in an indoor scenario where multi-cell share the same pool of pilot sequences, that are supposed to be less than the number of users. This can be done by reducing uplink pilots using Channel State Information (CSI) prediction. The proposed method is based on machine learning approach, where a quantized version of Channel State Information (QCSI) is learned during estimation session and stored at the Base Station (BS) to be exploited for future CSI prediction. The learned QCSI are represented by a weighted directed graph, which is responsible to monitor and predict the CSI of User Terminals (UTs) in the local cell. We introduce an online learning algorithm to create and update this graph which we call CSI map. Simulation results show an increase in the downlink sum-rate and a significant feedback reduction.
Synthesis and thermal properties of an acetylenic monomer containing boron and silicon (2016)

Here we report using trimethylsilylethynyl as crosslinking groups for thermosetting polymers.
The Character of Our Schooling. (1994)

Voltage-gated calcium channels mediate the influx of Ca(2+) ions into eukaryotic cells in response to membrane depolarization. They are hetero-multimer membrane proteins formed by at least three subunits, the poreforming alpha(1)-subunit and the auxiliary beta- and alpha(2)delta-subunits. The beta-subunit is essential for channel performance because it regulates two distinct features of voltage-gated calcium channels, the surface expression and the channel activity. Four beta-subunit genes have been cloned, beta(1-4), with molecular masses ranging from 52 to 78 kDa, and several splice variants have been identified. The beta(1b)-subunit, expressed at high levels in mammalian brain, has been used extensively to study the interaction between the pore forming alpha(1)- and the regulatory beta-subunit. However, structural characterization has been impaired for its tendency to form aggregates when expressed in bacteria. We applied an on-column refolding procedure based on size exclusion chromatography to fold the beta(1b)-subunit of the voltage gated-calcium channels from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies. The beta(1b)-subunit refolds into monomers, as shown by sucrose gradient analysis, and binds to a glutathione S-transferase protein fused to the known target in the alpha(1)-subunit (the alpha-interaction domain). Using the cut-open oocyte voltage clamp technique, we measured gating and ionic currents in Xenopus oocytes expressing cardiac alpha(1)-subunit (alpha(1C)) co-injected with folded-beta(1b)-protein or beta(1b)-cRNA. We demonstrate that the co-expression of the alpha(1C)-subunit with either folded-beta(1b)-protein or beta(1b)-cRNA increases ionic currents to a similar extent and with no changes in charge movement, indicating that the beta(1b)-subunit primarily modulates channel activity, rather than expression.
Novel Insights in Molecular Mechanisms of CLL (2012)

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common leukemia, originates from an expansion of a rare population of CD5+CD19+ mature B-cells. CLL occurs in two forms, aggressive and indolent. For the most part aggressive CLL shows high ZAP-70 expression and unmutated IgH V(H), while indolent CLL is characterized by low ZAP-70 expression and mutated IgH V(H). Despite detailed studies of clinical features and chromosomal abnormalities in CLL, molecular details underlying disease development are still not entirely clear. In the past several years, more and more such mechanisms have emerged. Recent studies clarified mechanistic details of how activation of TCL1, a critical molecule in aggressive CLL, initiates this malignancy. In indolent CLL characterized by 13q14 deletions, MiR-15/16 targeting BCL2 and MCL1 and DLEU7 targeting TNF pathway were proposed as tumor suppressors. Analysis of CLL coding genome identified NOTCH1 as a frequent target of activating mutations. Interestingly most of these pathways have downstream activating effects on the NF-kB family transcription factors. Several mouse models of CLL, confirmed importance of these pathways in the pathogenesis of CLL. Here, we discuss what has been learned from these new pathways, and analyze how CLL mouse models confirm newly discovered molecular mechanisms of CLL.
Postmarketing studies of drug safety (2011)

A European initiative could help bring more transparency and rigour to pharmacoepidemiology
Dysregulated splicing factor SF3B1 unveils a dual therapeutic vulnerability to target pancreatic cancer cells and cancer stem cells with an anti-splicing drug (2021)

SF3B1 overexpression represents a therapeutic vulnerability in PDAC, as altered splicing can be targeted with Pladienolide-B both in cancer cells and CSCs, paving the way for novel therapies for this lethal cancer.
HLA‐C and KIR combined genotype as new response marker for HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients treated with interferon‐based combination therapy (2016)

Current treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) consists of interferon-based therapy. However, for unknown reasons, a large proportion of patients with CHB do not respond to this treatment. Hence, there is a pressing need to establish response markers to select patients who will benefit from therapy and to spare potential nonresponders from unnecessary side effects of antiviral therapy. Here, we assessed whether HLA-C and KIR genotypes were associated with treatment outcome for CHB. Twelve SNPs in or near the HLA-C gene were genotyped in 86 CHB patients (41 HBeAg positive; 45 HBeAg negative) treated with peginterferon alfa-2a + adefovir. Genotyping of killer immunoglobin-like receptors (KIRs) was performed by SSP-PCR. One SNP in HLA-C (rs2308557) was significantly associated with combined response in HBeAg-positive CHB patients (P = 0.003). This SNP is linked to the HLA-C group C1 or C2 classification, which controls KIR binding. The combination of KIR2DL1 with its ligand HLA-C2 was observed significantly more often in HBeAg-positive patients with a combined response (13/14) than in nonresponders (11/27, P = 0.001). Patients with the KIR2DL1/C2 genotype had significantly higher baseline ALT levels (136 vs 50 U/L, P = 0.002) than patients without this combination. Furthermore, KIR2DL1-C2 predicted response independent of HBV genotype and ALT at baseline. HLA-C and KIR genotype is strongly associated with response in HBeAg-positive CHB patients treated with interferon-based therapy. In combination with other known response markers, HLA-C/KIR genotype could enable the selection of patients more likely to respond to interferon-based therapy.
Investigation of the Collective Properties in Monolayers of Exchange-Biased Fe3−δO4@CoO Core–Shell Nanoparticles (2018)

Owing to its potential to enhance the effective magnetic anisotropy energy of nanoparticles, exchange bias has been extensively studied during the last few years. Although most of studies have been conducted in the powder state, the effect of the dimensionality of nanoparticle assemblies has been scarcely investigated. In this context, we report on the study of the collective properties of monolayers of exchange-biased nanoparticles with different core–shell structures. Nanoparticles consist in a ferrimagnetic Fe3−δO4 core coated with an antiferromagnetic CoO shell. They were assembled in monolayers with local order by using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. Exchange bias is significantly altered in 2D assemblies in comparison to powder samples which can be assimilated to 3D random assemblies. We show that exchange bias in Fe3−δO4@CoO nanoparticles is directly influenced by dipolar interactions between Fe3−δO4 cores, which are enhanced by shape anisotropy of 2D assemblies. Besides the dramatic influence of the core–shell structure, the systematic variation of the core size and the shell thickness showed that above a critical value, dipolar interactions compete exchange bias.
Predicting the transition from acute to persistent low back pain (2011)

In this study of patients with acute LBP in a primary care setting psychological factors at baseline correlated with a progression to persistent LBP up to 6 months. The benefit of including factors such as 'depression and maladaptive cognition' in screening tools is that these factors can be addressed in primary and secondary prevention.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Trimethine Cyanine Dyes as Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Tau Fibrils in Alzheimer’s Disease Brain and Olfactory Epithelium (2013)

Shedding light on grey matter: Fluorescent trimethine cyanines were evaluated as imaging probes for neurofibrillary tangles in post-mortem brain sections of Alzheimer's disease patients. These probes bind to neurofibrillary tangles with high contrast and selectivity over amyloid β plaques.
Effective interfacial tension in flow-focusing of colloidal dispersions: 3-D numerical simulations and experiments (2019)

An interface between two miscible fluids is transient, existing as a non-equilibrium state before complete molecular mixing is reached. However, during the existence of such an interface, which typically occurs at relatively short time scales, composition gradients at the boundary between the two liquids cause stresses effectively mimicking an interfacial tension. Here, we combine numerical modelling and experiments to study the influence of an effective interfacial tension between a colloidal fibre dispersion and its own solvent on the flow in a microfluidic system. In a flow-focusing channel, the dispersion is injected as core flow that is hydrodynamically focused by its solvent as sheath flows. This leads to the formation of a long fluid thread, which is characterized in three dimensions using optical coherence tomography and simulated using a volume of fluid method. The simulated flow and thread geometries very closely reproduce the experimental results in terms of thread topology and velocity flow fields. By varying the interfacial tension numerically, we show that it controls the thread development, which can be described by an effective capillary number. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the applied methodology provide the means to measure the ultra-low but dynamically highly significant effective interfacial tension.
Measurement of circulating transcript levels (NETest) to detect disease recurrence and improve follow‐up after curative surgical resection of well‐differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (2018)

A multigene blood test facilitates effective identification of pNET recurrence, prediction of disease relapse, and outperforms CgA.
Efficient blue cw Nd:YAG microchip laser with two intracavity frequency doublers (2000)

A microchip cavity including a half-monolithic Nd:YAG- KNbO(3) chip and a second KNbO(3) crystal is presented. An output power of up to 30 mW at 473 nm pumped by a single stripe 1-W at 808-nm diode is achieved. The laser can be operated in either single-longitudinal or multilongitudinal mode by rotation of the second frequency-doubling crystal to 0 degrees or 90 degrees from the first one. The cw output noise is less than 2% for both cases.
Anisotropy of Quasiparticle Lifetimes and the Role of Disorder for Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Graphite (2001)

Femtosecond time-resolved photoemission of photoexcited electrons in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) provides strong evidence for anisotropies of quasiparticle (QP) lifetimes. Indicative of such anisotropies is a pronounced anomaly in the energy dependence of QP lifetimes between 1.1 eV and 1.5 eV - the vicinity of a saddle point in the graphite bandstructure. This is supported by recent ab initio calculations and a comparison with experiments on defect-enriched HOPG which reveal that disorder, e.g. defects or phonons, increases electron energy relaxation rates.
Germline hypermethylation of the APC promoter is not a frequent cause of familial adenomatous polyposis in APC/MUTYH mutation negative families (2007)

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant syndrome predisposing to colorectal cancer and affects 1 in 5-10,000 births. Inheritance of a mutant allele of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is the cause of approximately 80% of FAP and 20-30% of an attenuated form of FAP (AFAP), whereas mutations in MUTYH account for a small proportion of the remaining cases. However, the genetic cause of FAP/AFAP in a significant number of families is not known, and cancer risk for individual members of these families cannot be assessed. There is, therefore, an acute need to identify the underlying genetic cause responsible for FAP/AFAP in APC/MUTYH mutation negative families. Hypermethylation of CpG islands in the promoter of tumor suppressor genes can result in gene silencing, has been shown to be functionally equivalent to genetic mutations and can be inherited. Moreover, APC promoter hypermethylation is observed in approximately 20% of sporadic colorectal tumors and correlates with the loss of gene expression. In our study, we used bisulfite treatment and direct sequencing of 2 regulatory regions of APC containing a total of 25 CpG dinucleotides, to investigate the possible role of germline hypermethylation of the APC promoter in FAP and AFAP families that were negative for APC and MUTYH mutations. Analysis of 21 FAP and 39 AFAP families did not identify signs of abnormal promoter methylation, indicating that this form of epigenetic silencing is not a common cause of FAP/AFAP. These results substantially contribute to clarify the potential role of germline epimutations as a cause of inherited predisposition to cancer.