gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Vaccines and Therapy (2015)

Background: For many promising target cells (e.g.: haematopoeitic progenitors), the susceptibility to standard adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors is low. Advancements in vector development now allows the generation of target cell-selected AAV capsid mutants. Methods: To determine its suitability, the method was applied on a chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) cell line (K562) to obtain a CML-targeted vector and the resulting vectors tested on leukaemia, non-leukaemia, primary human CML and CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC); standard AAV2 and a random capsid mutant vector served as controls. Results: Transduction of CML (BV173, EM3, K562 and Lama84) and AML (HL60 and KG1a) cell lines with the capsid mutants resulted in an up to 36-fold increase in CML transduction efficiency (K562: 2-fold, 60% ± 2% green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ cells; BV173: 9-fold, 37% ± 2% GFP+ cells; Lama84: 36-fold, 29% ± 2% GFP+ cells) compared to controls. For AML (KG1a, HL60) and one CML cell line (EM3), no significant transduction (<1% GFP+ cells) was observed for any vector. Although the capsid mutant clone was established on a cell line, proofof-principle experiments using primary human cells were performed. For CML (3.2-fold, mutant: 1.75% ± 0.45% GFP+ cells, p = 0.03) and PBPC (3.5-fold, mutant: 4.21% ± 3.40% GFP+ cells) a moderate increase in gene transfer of the capsid mutant compared to control vectors was observed. Conclusion: Using an AAV random peptide library on a CML cell line, we were able to generate a capsid mutant, which transduced CML cell lines and primary human haematopoietic progenitor cells with higher efficiency than standard recombinant AAV vectors. Published: 12 September 2008 Genetic Vaccines and Therapy 2008, 6:12 doi:10.1186/1479-0556-6-12 Received: 28 March 2008 Accepted: 12 September 2008 This article is available from: http://www.gvt-journal.com/content/6/1/12 © 2008 Stiefelhagen et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Unusual addition reactions of lithium alkoxides to 2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl-1,3,5-triphosphabenzene (2000)

2,4,6-Tri-tert-butyl-1,3,5-triphosphabenzene (1) reacts selectively with a mixture of the primary lithium alkoxides 2a,b and the corresponding alcohols 3a,b to afford the novel 2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl-1,3,5-alkoxy-1,3,5-triphosphacyclohexane derivatives 4a,b; treatment of 4a with sulfur results in oxidation of all phosphorus atoms to furnish the triphosphane sulfide 5.
A new digital control for forward type multiple-output dc-dc converter (2009)

The purpose of this paper is to present a new digital control method of the forward type multiple-output dc-dc converter with both the P-I-D control and the static equation model. The dynamic characteristics of digital control dc-dc converter are improved as compared with the conventional one. As a result, it is seen that the forward type multiple-output dc-dc converter with a new digital control has a superior transient response compared with that of the conventional control. The overshoot of reactor current is improved 28%.
Fatty Acid Transfer From Sow to Piglet Differs for Different Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) (2011)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for the development of the nervous system in animals. It is known that pigs are good models for human in many aspects. The aim of the study was to investigate how fat content and FA composition in sows' diet influence FA composition in brain of newborn and in liver and brain of one-day-old piglets, respectively. High fat (6 %) feeds were designed with regard to saturated or polyunsaturated fat content and n-6/n-3 ratio by adding either oats rich in linoleic acid (LA) or linseed oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). The ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA was 11 in all three diets (the low fat (3 %), high fat saturated and high fat oats diet), while the ratio in the linseed oil diet was 2. Increased proportion of ALA in the diet increased ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in piglets' neutral and polar liver lipids and the long chain PUFA, EPA, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid in piglet brain. The results suggest that transport of n-3 PUFA from sow to piglet was higher via milk than via bloodstream in the uterus and that increased content of ALA in sows' feed led to an increased accumulation of n-3 FA in piglets' liver and brain.
Hemodynamic Changes in Response to Aerobic Exercise: Near-infraredSpectroscopy Study (2020)

This study aimed to determine the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of aerobic exercise, which influence brain O2 consumption, on cognitive enhancement. Sixteen healthy men were asked to complete a 2-back test at rest and after moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercise. During the 2-back test, hemodynamic changes within the prefrontal cortex were assessed using high-density functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Scores of the 2-back test, regardless of the exercise intensity, were positively correlated with the hemodynamic changes within the right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). During an 2-back test, there were differences in the hemodynamic changes within the DLPFC with moderate and high-intensity exercise conditions. In the 2-back condition, the accumulated oxyhemoglobin within the right DLPFC after moderate intensity exercise was 7.9% lower than that at baseline, while the accumulated oxyhemoglobin within the left DLPFC was 14.6% higher than that at baseline after high-intensity exercise. In response to the 2-back test, the accumulated oxygenated hemoglobin within the left DLPFC after high-intensity exercise increased more significantly than that observed after moderate intensity exercise. These results show that the right DLPFC consumes O2 more efficiently in response to moderate intensity aerobic exercise than in response to high-intensity aerobic exercise.
Reciprocal prediction of medication adherence and neurocognition in HIV/AIDS (2010)

These data provide evidence that cognition and adherence are reciprocally related in HIV/AIDS. In particular, executive dysfunction may play a key role in this relationship. Interventions aimed at improving or preserving executive functions could hold promise for interrupting progressive declines in adherence and neurocognitive ability in HIV/AIDS.
Antibody Persistence 3 Years after Immunization of Adolescents with Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (2006)

Compared with MPSV-4, MCV-4 elicited greater persistence of antibody activity against serogroups C and W-135 at 3 years after vaccination in adolescents. On the basis of passive protection data in an infant rat model, bactericidal titers > or =1 : 4 underestimate protective immunity.
The Role of High-Mobility Group I(Y) Proteins in Expression of IL-2 and T Cell Proliferation (2000)

The high-mobility group I(Y) (HMGI(Y)) family of proteins plays an important architectural role in chromatin and have been implicated in the control of inducible gene expression. We have previously shown that expression of HMGI antisense RNA in Jurkat T cells inhibits the activity of the IL-2 promoter. Here we have investigated the role of HMGI(Y) in controlling IL-2 promoter-reporter constructs as well as the endogenous IL-2 gene in both Jurkat T cells and human PBL. We found that the IL-2 promoter has numerous binding sites for HMGI(Y), which overlap or are adjacent to the known transcription factor binding sites. HMGI(Y) modulates binding to the IL-2 promoter of at least three transcription factor families, AP-1, NF-AT and NF-kappaB. By using a mutant HMGI that cannot bind to DNA but can still interact with the transcription factors, we found that DNA binding by HMGI was not essential for the promotion of transcription factor binding. However, the non-DNA binding mutant acts as a dominant negative protein in transfection assays, suggesting that the formation of functional HMGI(Y)-containing complexes requires DNA binding as well as protein:protein interactions. The alteration of HMGI(Y) levels affects IL-2 promoter activity not only in Jurkat T cells but also in PBL. Importantly, we also show here that expression of the endogenous IL-2 gene as well as proliferation of PBL are affected by changes in HMGI(Y) levels. These results demonstrate a major role for HMGI(Y) in IL-2 expression and hence T cell proliferation.
In Situ EXAFS‐Derived Mechanism of Highly Reversible Tin Phosphide/Graphite Composite Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries (2017)

Abstract A novel Sn 4 P 3 /graphite composite anode material with superior capacity and cycling performance (651 mA h g −1 after 100 cycles) is investigated by in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Extended X‐ray absorption fine structure modeling and detailed analysis of local environment changes are correlated to the cell capacity and reveal the mechanism of lithiation/delithiation process. Results show that in the first two lithiation/delithiation cycles crystalline Sn 4 P 3 is fully converted to an amorphous SnP x phase, which in further cycles participates in reversible conversion and alloying reactions. The superior reversibility of this material is attributed to the highly dispersed SnP x in the graphite matrix, which provides enhanced electrical conductivity and prevents aggregation of Sn clusters during the lithiation/delithiation process. The gradual capacity fading in long‐term cycling is attributed to the observed increase in the size and the amount of metallic Sn clusters in the delithiated state, correlated to the reduced recovery of the SnP x phase. This paper reveals the mechanism responsible for the highly reversible tin phosphides and provides insights for improving the capacity and cycle life of conversion and alloying materials.
Method of color correction which preserves perceived color differences (1992)

A method of color correction which matches color printouts to the color monitors used to view the image and the criteria used to develop the method are presented. This method will be contrasted with alternative matching methods, such as tristimulus match. The tristimulus match maps in-gamut colors to the closest color available on the output device. If the color is out-of-gamut, then an algorithm (such as maintain luminance, hue, or saturation) is used to choose a color. When an image changes color in a smooth manner, the in-gamut colors match very closely, and the out-of-gamut colors are pushed to some compromise color. The transition from in-gamut to out-of-gamut color is readily apparent. If the in-gamut colors are adjusted to a less optimal match, the out-of-gamut colors can then be given a better match, providing a smooth transition between in- and out-of-gamut colors. The method presented gives a more pleasing color match than a tristimulus match, if the image to be matched includes colors which are both in-gamut and out-of-gamut for the output device, and is especially useful if the output device has a small color gamut.
Abstract 12075: Whole-Genome Sequencing at 10-Days of Life in Perinatal Long-QT Syndrome Yields New Insights Into Disease Pathogenesis (2014)

Introduction: Perinatal LQTS represents a severe form of long-QT syndrome with poor outcomes and early genotype-specific treatment is limited by the 2 month turnaround time of standard panel genetic testing. Hypothesis: We aimed to provide a molecular diagnosis within a clinically actionable timeframe. Methods: We performed rapid CLIA-certified whole genome sequencing on two infants with perinatal long-QT syndrome delivering a molecular diagnosis at 10-days of life. Whole cell patch clamping and single cell genotyping were also performed. Results: In Case #1 we discovered a previously characterized variant in KCNH2 which was paternally inherited, however whole genome sequencing provided an unbiased assessment of the entire catalog of human genes revealing a second maternally inherited modifier variant in RNF207. In Case #2 we discovered a novel mutation leucine replacing valine (V1762L) at residue 1762 in the SNC5A sodium channel. Whole-cell patch clamping experiments show the V1762L mutation causes a profound defect in late sodium current ~4.5 fold greater than the wild-type channel. A single cell analysis demonstrated that the mutation was present in the genome of only 3 of 36 individually isolated and genotyped patient cells, suggesting mosaicism. Conspicuously, standard panel genetic testing was negative. Conclusions: We report here the earliest molecular diagnoses of LQTS, and demonstrate that rapid whole genome sequencing may be fruitfully applied to perinatal LQTS. In case #1 we hypothesize that a polygenic inheritance may explain the early and severe perinatal presentation, and have identified a putative modifier gene for LQTS in RNF207. The observation of mosaicism in case #2 suggests that in studies of inherited disease, mosaicism represents a common mechanism by which causal variation may be missed.
Carrier statistics in quantum-dot lasers (1998)

The description of quantum-dot ensembles using solely average carrier populations is insufficient. Keeping track of the probablity of all micro states, and solution of the master equations for the transitions between them, allows proper modeling of the phonon bottleneck and laser properties. We predict that a single exciton shows gain and calculate the dependence of threshold current density of the type of capture process. The gain-current relation in quantum-dot lasers is linear.
Targeted inhibition of CD47-SIRPα requires Fc-FcγR interactions to maximize activity in T-cell lymphomas (2019)

Antibodies that bind CD47 on tumor cells and prevent interaction with SIRPα on phagocytes are active against multiple cancer types including T-cell lymphoma (TCL). Here we demonstrate that surface CD47 is heterogeneously expressed across primary TCLs, whereas major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, which can also suppress phagocytosis, is ubiquitous. Multiple monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that block CD47-SIRPα interaction promoted phagocytosis of TCL cells, which was enhanced by cotreatment with antibodies targeting MHC class I. Expression levels of surface CD47 and genes that modulate CD47 pyroglutamation did not correlate with the extent of phagocytosis induced by CD47 blockade in TCL lines. In vivo treatment of multiple human TCL patient-derived xenografts or an immunocompetent murine TCL model with a short course of anti-CD47 mAb markedly reduced lymphoma burden and extended survival. Depletion of macrophages reduced efficacy in vivo, whereas depletion of neutrophils had no effect. F(ab')2-only fragments of anti-CD47 antibodies failed to induce phagocytosis by human macrophages, indicating a requirement for Fc-Fcγ receptor interactions. In contrast, F(ab')2-only fragments increased phagocytosis by murine macrophages independent of SLAMF7-Mac-1 interaction. Full-length anti-CD47 mAbs also induced phagocytosis by Fcγ receptor-deficient murine macrophages. An immunoglobulin G1 anti-CD47 mAb induced phagocytosis and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity of TCL cells that was augmented by cotreatment with mogamulizumab, an anti-CCR4 mAb, or a mAb blocking MHC class I. These studies help explain the disparate activity of monotherapy with agents that block CD47 in murine models compared with patients. They also have direct translational implications for the deployment of anti-CD47 mAbs alone or in combination.
Lifetime recovery in p-type Czochralski silicon due to the reconfiguration of boron–oxygen complexes via a hole-emitting process (2011)

The recovery of the light-degraded lifetime during annealing in darkness at 120 to 160 °C is examined in boron-doped p-type Czochralski silicon (Cz-Si) as well as in compensated Cz-Si codoped with boron and phosphorus. The rate constant for the recovery is found to be inversely proportional to the hole concentration for both boron-doped and compensated material. Our experiments confirm a model, in which the process of recovery is assigned to a reconfiguration of a boron–oxygen defect complex, whereby a hole is emitted. The activation energy for the recovery process is determined to be (1.36±0.06) eV.
Information access for context-aware appliances (2000)

The emergence of networked context-aware mobile computing appliances potentially offers opportunities for remote access to huge online information resources. Information access in context-aware information appliances can utilize existing techniques developed for effective information retrieval and information filtering; however, practical physical and operational features of these devices and the availability of context information itself suggest that the document selection process should make use of this contextual data. 1
Fullerenes in Aromatic Solvents: Correlation between Solvation-Shell Structure, Solvate Formation, and Solubility (2015)

In this work, an all-atom molecular dynamics simulation technique was employed to gain insight into the dynamic structure of the solvation shell formed around C60 and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in nine aromatic solvents. A new method was developed to visualize and quantify the distribution of solvent molecule orientations in the solvation shell. A strong positive correlation was found between the regularity of solvent molecule orientations in the solvation shell and the experimentally obtained solubility limits for both C60 and PCBM. This correlation was extended to predict a solubility of 36 g/L for PCBM in 1,2,4-trimethylbenze. The relationship between solvation-shell structure and solubility provided detailed insight into solvate formation of C60 and solvation in relation to solvent molecular structure and properties. The determined dependence of the solvation-shell structure on the geometric shape of the solvent might allow for enhanced control of fullerene solution-phase behavior during processing by chemically tailoring the solvent molecular structure, potentially diminishing the need for costly and environmentally harmful halogenated solvents and/or additives.
Properties of 2,3-Butanediol Dehydrogenases from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis in Relation to Citrate Fermentation (1990)

Two 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenases (enzymes 1 and 2; molecular weight of each, 170,000) have been partially purified from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (Streptococcus diacetylactis) D10 and shown to have reductase activity with either diacetyl or acetoin as the substrate. However, the reductase activity with 10 mM diacetyl was far greater for both enzymes (7.0- and 4.7-fold for enzymes 1 and 2, respectively) than with 10 mM acetoin as the substrate. In contrast, when acetoin and diacetyl were present together, acetoin was the preferred substrate for both enzymes, with enzyme 1 showing the more marked preference for acetoin. meso-2,3-Butanediol was the only isomeric product, with enzyme 1 independent of the substrate combinations. For enzyme 2, both the meso and optical isomers of 2,3-butanediol were formed with acetoin as the substrate, but only the optical isomers were produced with diacetyl as the substrate. With batch cultures of strain D10 at or near the point of citrate exhaustion, the main isomers of 2,3-butanediol present were the optical forms. If the pH was sufficiently high (>pH 5), acetoin reduction occurred over time and was followed by diacetyl reduction, and meso-2,3-butanediol became the predominant isomer. Interconversion of the optical isomers into the meso isomer did occur. The properties of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenases are consistent with diacetyl and acetoin removal and the appearance of the isomers of 2,3-butanediol.
Influence of nonlocal interactions on the formation and stability of cavity solitons (2007)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Win or Learn Fast Proximal Policy Optimisation (2019)

AI agents within video games are often required to compete within an environment shared by many other agents. This problem can be tackled by multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). One solution to MARL is to learn a Nash Equilibrium Strategy (NES) that guarantees a known minimum payoff when playing against other rational agents. We focus on one approach for learning a NES, Win or Learn Fast (WoLF), WoLF has been shown to converge towards a NES in a variety of matrix-games and grid based games. Research into Deep MARL has focused on performance against opponent agents and with limited quantitative results regarding learning a NES. We present a systematic empirical investigation into the ability of Proximal Policy Optimisation (PPO) to learn a NES, showing instability in certain matrix games. We then present an extension, WoLF-PPO, that is able to learn a policy that is closer to the NES.
<title>Determination of the refractive index of liquid and gaseous media by optical computing</title> (1994)

A holographic method of determining the refractive index of liquid and gaseous media by optical computing is proposed. In the cell, in which the reference and investigated media are placed sequentially, there is an object with the known shape of the diffusely reflecting surface. As a result of the two-exposure hologram reconstruction, an interference pattern containing information about the difference of the refractive indices of the reference and investigated media is formed.
Optical flow in the presence of spatially-varying motion blur (2012)

This paper extends the classical warping-based optical flow method to achieve accurate flow in the presence of spatially-varying motion blur. Our idea is to parameterize the appearance of each frame as a function of both the pixel motion and the motion-induced blur. We search for the flows that best match two consecutive frames, which amounts to finding the derivative of a blurred frame with respect to both the motion and the blur, where the blur itself is a function of the motion. We propose an efficient technique to calculate the derivatives using prefiltering. Our technique avoids performing spatially-varying filtering (which can be computationally expensive) during the optimization iterations. In the end, our derivative calculation technique can be easily incorporated with classical flow code to handle video with non-uniform motion blur with little performance penalty. Our method is evaluated on both synthetic and real videos and outperforms conventional flow methods in the presence of motion blur.
A class of (12, 8) codes for correcting single errors and detecting double errors within a nibble (1993)

A class of (12, 8) codes is given that corrects all single errors, and detects all double errors in the three nibbles. It is shown that there exist three distinct solutions to this problem. One of these can be implemented with an LS636/7 chip. It is also shown that there do not exist any other codes except these three which correct all single errors and detect adjacent double errors confined to a nibble.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Initial Synchronization in Single and Multi‐Carrier Direct‐Sequence Code Division Multiple‐Access Systems (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction System Model Acquisition Procedure Description Asymptotic Mean Acquisition Time Detection Performance over AWGN Channels Detection Performance over Multipath Fading Channels Serial Search Using Multicell Joint Detection Acquisition of m -sequences Using Soft Sequential Estimation Code-acquisition in Multi-carrier DS-CDMA Systems Chapter Summary and Conclusion
[The measurement of anesthetic depth]. (2009)

Monitoring the depth of anesthesia (DOA) is essential for improving the quality of anesthesia and ensuring the patient's safety and rehabilitation. Monitoring DOA can increase the quality of anesthesia and the safety of operation, thus decreasing the complications caused by anesthesia. With the development of electronic and information technology, the researches for detecting DOA have made great progress. In this paper, the techniques for monitoring DOA are reviewed.