gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Significance of Baseline Blood Glucose Levels and Glucose Variability in Severe Acute Kidney Injury: A Secondary Analysis from the RENAL Study (2022)

Aim: To study the associations between baseline blood glucose levels (BGL), glycemic variability and clinical outcomes in patients with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of the Randomized Evaluation of Normal versus Augmented Level of RRT (RENAL) study. A multivariate Cox regression model was used to assess the association between baseline BGL, glycemic variability and clinical outcomes. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and secondary outcomes were duration of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Results: Baseline BGL data were available in 1404 out of 1508 patients from the RENAL study. Among them, 627 patients died within 90 days of randomization. Compared to patients in the second quartile (BGL 5.8−7.2 mmol/L), patients in the first quartile (BGL < 5.8 mmol/L) had increased mortality rate (90-day HR 1.48; p = 0.001; 28-day HR 1.47; p = 0.042). However, there were no significant differences in ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS) (p = 0.82 and p = 0.33, respectively). Glycemic variability data were from 1345 out of 1404 patients who had data for BG values within 28 days. Higher coefficient of variation (CV) (HR 1.02; P trend = 0.002) and standard deviation value (SD) (HR 1.29; P trend = 0.027) were associated with higher risk of death at day 90. Conclusions: We identified a low BGL within the normal physiological range at baseline and greater CV and SD values as significant modifiable risk factors for mortality in severe AKI patients in ICU, which may be a target for intervention.
Enhancing organophosphate hydrolase efficacy via protein engineering and immobilization strategies (2020)

Organophosphorus compounds (OPs), developed as pesticides and chemical warfare agents, are extremely toxic chemicals that pose a public health risk. Of the different detoxification strategies, organophosphate-hydrolyzing enzymes have attracted much attention, providing a potential route for detoxifying those exposed to OPs. Phosphotriesterase (PTE), also known as organophosphate hydrolase (OPH), is one such enzyme that has been extensively studied as a catalytic bioscavenger. In this review, we will discuss the protein engineering of PTE aimed toward improving the activity and stability of the enzyme. In order to make enzyme utilization in OP detoxification more favorable, enzyme immobilization provides an effective means to increase enzyme activity and stability. Here, we present several such strategies that enhance the storage and operational stability of PTE/OPH.
The Cycloxygenase 2 (COX-2) Story: It's Time to Explain, Not Inflame (2007)

Despite initial promising reports that anti-inflammatory properties of cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors may confer anti-atherosclerosis effects and stabilize the atherosclerotic plaque, subsequent data from long-term clinical trials have shown that selective COX-2 inhibitors are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. The commonly cited explanation is that selective inhibition of COX-2 leads to depletion of prostacyclin, whereas the production of pro-thrombotic thromboxane by means of cycloxygenase-1 (COX-1) is unopposed. This hypothesis seems unlikely as the overall explanation, because low-dose aspirin does not decrease the increased risk associated with COX-2 inhibitors. Moreover, the risk associated with nonselective COX inhibitors may be similar to selective COX-2 inhibitors. Alternative hypotheses include (1) elevated blood pressure, (2) abnormal vascular remodeling, (3) inhibition of protective mechanisms against ischemia-reperfusion injury, and (4) inhibition of 15-epi-lipoxin production. Varying results in different experimental models may be related to the fact that COX-2 is involved in numerous cellular functions. Inhibiting COX-2 in inflammatory cells may have favorable effects, whereas in organs such as the heart and brain and/or blood vessels may have deleterious effects. Currently, the "selective COX-2 inhibitors" are not selective in the sense that they inhibit COX-2 in all tissues without predilection to inflammatory cells and, as a result, may summate to increase the risk of cardiovascular events.
Automatic calibration system for analog instruments based on DSP and CCD sensor (2008)

Currently, the calibration work of analog measurement instruments is mainly completed by manual and there are many problems waiting for being solved. In this paper, an automatic calibration system (ACS) based on Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and Charge Coupled Device (CCD) sensor is developed and a real-time calibration algorithm is presented. In the ACS, TI DM643 DSP processes the data received by CCD sensor and the outcome is displayed on Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen. For the algorithm, pointer region is firstly extracted for improving calibration speed. And then a math model of the pointer is built to thin the pointer and determine the instrument's reading. Through numbers of experiments, the time of once reading is no more than 20 milliseconds while it needs several seconds if it is done manually. At the same time, the error of the instrument's reading satisfies the request of the instruments. It is proven that the automatic calibration system can effectively accomplish the calibration work of the analog measurement instruments.
Mining marine shellfish wastes for bioactive molecules: Chitin and chitosan – Part B: Applications (2008)

Due to their unique chemical characteristics (including biodegradability to non-toxic products, physiological inertness and hydrophilicity), chitin, chitosan and their derivatives may be expansively utilized in the biotechnological, agricultural, food protection and nutraceutical, medicinal and pharmacological fields and in the areas of bioremediation and gene therapy. Biological actions associated with chitin and shell waste by-products include among others antibacterial, angiotensin-1-converting enzyme-inhibitory and immunomodulatory activities, while the chitinolytic microbes and enzymes associated with chitinolysis also play a role in the de novo generation of further bioactivites. In Part B of this review we relate in more detail some of the bioactivities and applications of chitin and shell waste by-products.
The Role of Ubiquitin in Autophagy-Dependent Protein Aggregate Processing (2010)

The efficient management of misfolded protein aggregates is essential for cell viability and requires three interconnected pathways: the molecular chaperone machinery that assists protein folding, the proteasome pathway that degrades misfolded proteins, and the aggresomal pathway that sequesters and delivers toxic proteins aggregates to autophagy for clearance. Although autophagy is generally considered as non-selective degradative machinery, growing evidence supports the existence of a selective autophagy that specifically targets protein aggregates for clearance. This so-called "quality control autophagy" is established by specific ubiquitin E3 ligases, autophagic substrate ubiquitination, and specific ubiquitin binding proteins p62 and HDAC6. In this context, quality control autophagy is similar to the proteasome system and utilizes ubiquitin tags for substrate recognition and processing. Here I will discuss the recent progress towards understanding the molecular basis of this unique form of ubiquitin-dependent autophagy in protein aggregate clearance and its relevance to disease.
37. The reactions of pyrene with free radicals and with sodium (1958)

R. O. C. Norman, G. A. Thompson and W. A. Waters, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 175 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580000175
Magnetic-field-synchronized wireless modulation of neural activity by magnetoelectric nanoparticles (2022)

The in vitro study demonstrates wirelessly controlled modulation of neural activity using magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs), synchronized to magnetic field application with a sub-25-msec temporal response. Herein, MENPs are sub-30-nm CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@BaTiO<sub>3</sub> core-shell nanostructures. MENPs were added to E18 rat hippocampal cell cultures (0.5 μg of MENPs per 100,000 neurons) tagged with fluorescent Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensitive indicator cal520. MENPs were shown to wirelessly induce calcium transients which were synchronized with application of 1200-Oe bipolar 25-msec magnetic pulses at a rate of 20 pulses/sec. The observed calcium transients were similar, in shape and magnitude, to those generated through the control electric field stimulation with a 50-μA current, and they were inhibited by the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin. The observed MENP-based magnetic excitation of neural activity is in agreement with the non-linear M - H hysteresis loop of the MENPs, wherein the MENPs' coercivity value sets the threshold for the externally applied magnetic field.
Priority-Based Zero-Forcing in Spectrum Sharing Cognitive Systems (2013)

We consider a spectrum sharing scenario between cognitive radio (CR) users and a licensed primary user (PU), in which the PU is not able to successfully transmit data to its destined receiver. The cognitive base station (CBS) in the vicinity of the primary network, offers its help to transmit the primary data. In return, the CR system is able to share the spectrum with the primary system. We formulate an opportunistic spectrum sharing approach that determines the transmit beamforming weights in order to maximize the overall throughput of the CRs while guaranteeing the quality-of-service (QoS) of the PU. By applying algorithms based on zero-forcing beamforming (ZFB) along with optimal power allocation, the proposed approach is able to achieve cognitive and primary systems requirements.
lncRsp1, a long noncoding RNA, influences Fgsp1 expression and sexual reproduction in Fusarium graminearum (2021)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression in many biological processes, but their biological functions remain largely unknown, especially in fungi. Fusarium graminearum is an important pathogen that causes the destructive disease Fusarium head blight (FHB) or head scab disease on wheat and barley. In our previous RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) study, we discovered that lncRsp1 is an lncRNA that is located +99 bp upstream of a putative sugar transporter gene, Fgsp1, with the same transcription direction. Functional studies revealed that ΔlncRsp1 and ΔFgsp1 were normal in growth and conidiation but had defects in ascospore discharge and virulence on wheat coleoptiles. Moreover, lncRsp1 and Fgsp1 were shown to negatively regulate the expression of several deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis genes, TRI4, TRI5, TRI6, and TRI13, as well as DON production. Further analysis showed that the overexpression of lncRsp1 enhanced the ability of ascospore release and increased the mRNA expression level of the Fgsp1 gene, while lncRsp1-silenced strains reduced ascospore discharge and inhibited Fgsp1 expression during the sexual reproduction stage. In addition, the lncRsp1 complementary strains lncRsp1-LC-1 and lncRsp1-LC-2 restored ascospore discharge to the level of the wild-type strain PH-1. Taken together, our results reveal the distinct and specific functions of lncRsp1 and Fgsp1 in F. graminearum and principally demonstrate that lncRsp1 can affect the release of ascospores by regulating the expression of Fgsp1.
The cosmic gamma-ray bursts and their host galaxies in a cosmological context (2003)

Studies of the cosmic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and their host galaxies are now starting to provide interesting or even unique new insights in observational cosmology. Observed GRB host galaxies have a median magnitude R~25 mag, and show a range of luminosities, morphologies, and star formation rates, with a median redshift z~1. They represent a new way of identifying a population of star-forming galaxies at cosmological redshifts, which is mostly independent of the traditional selection methods. They seem to be broadly similar to the normal field galaxy populations at comparable redshifts and magnitudes, and indicate at most a mild luminosity evolution over the redshift range they probe. Studies of GRB optical afterglows seen in absorption provide a powerful new probe of the ISM in dense, central regions of their host galaxies, which is complementary to the traditional studies using QSO absorption line systems. Some GRB hosts are heavily obscured, and provide a new way to select a population of cosmological sub-mm sources. A census of detected optical tranistents may provide an important new way to constrain the total obscured fraction of star formation over the history of the universe. Finally, detection of GRB afterglows at high redshifts (z>6) may provide a unique way to probe the primordial star formation, massive IMF, early IGM, and chemical enrichment at the end of the cosmic reionization era.
Tailored compliance for adaptive solar energy heliostats with experimental validation (2014)

The shape of sun-tracking heliostat mirrors in the central receiver systems (CRS) should ideally be off-axis paraboloids that adapt as a function of day of the year, time of the day and mirrors' locations in the mirror field. Such heliostats are costly to fabricate and control. Here proposed a heliostat design and control concept that can approximately adaptive paraboloids relatively simply and at a low cost. Bending forces are applied to a flat compliant mirror plate with a specific stiffness profile over the plate to form an approximate paraboloid. The results show the concept design is substantially superior to flat plate mirror heliostats and those with bending forces but with uniform-stiffness profiles. It is shown that a control concept that only considers a mirror's field location, and not the daily or seasonal changes, provides effective performance. An experimental prototype demonstrates the concept.
Receptores de bombesina/peptídeo liberador de gastrina no hipocampo dorsal estão envolvidos na memória motivada pelo medo mas não em medo não aprendido (2004)

4 ou 2, 0 m g) no hipocampo dorsal 5 min antes de serem treinados em uma tarefa de esquiva inibitria com mltiplos treinos.O teste de reteno da memria foi realizado 24 h horas aps o treino.O RC-3095 no afetou a aquisio, mas prejudicou a performance no teste de reteno na dose de 0, 4 m g.A infuso intra-hipocampal de RC-3095 no afetou a explorao e a habituao testadas em um campo aberto, ou o o medo inato e a ansiedade testados em um labirinto em cruz elevado.Os resultados sugerem que os receptores de 402 bombesina/pepideo liberador de gastrina no hipocampo dorsal so necessrios para a formao de memria motivada pelo medo, mas
Generation and Identification of Monoclonal Antibodies Against FNIII Domain D of Human Tenascin-C (2010)

Tenascin-C (TN-C), a key component of extracellular matrix (ECM), is strongly expressed in fetal and cancer tissues. Large-molecular-weight variants of TN-C, including different combinations of its alternative spliced FNIII repeats, are specifically expressed in tissues under certain pathological conditions. Here we report the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against FNIII domain D (FNIII D) of human TN-C. Complementary DNA encoding the FNIII D region was generated by RT-PCR from human osteosarcoma (OS) cell line, and the recombinant FNIII D-GST fusion protein was expressed and purified. Two hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against FNIII D were obtained by routine murine hybridoma technique. The MAbs were identified by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Both of them were applicable in Western blot and IHC. With our MAbs, we found TN-C was positive in OS and most of it was among the tumor stroma. To conclude, these MAbs to human FNIII D domain of TN-C may be useful for exploring OS pathogenesis and potential clinical application.
Alcohol and hepatitis virus-dysregulated lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (2017)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths because of frequent late detection and poor therapeutic outcomes, necessitating the need to identify effective biomarkers for early diagnosis and new therapeutic targets for effective treatment. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as promising molecular markers for diagnosis and treatment. Through analysis of patient samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we identified putative lncRNAs dysregulated in HCC and by its risk factors, hepatitis infection and alcohol consumption. We identified 184 lncRNAs dysregulated in HCC tumors versus paired normal samples, 53 lncRNAs dysregulated in alcohol-drinking patients with hepatitis B, and 5, 456 lncRNAs dysregulated in patients with hepatitis infection. A panel of these candidate lncRNAs' expressions correlated significantly with patient survival, clinical variables, and known genomic alteration in HCC. Two most significantly dysregulated lncRNAs in our computational analysis, lnc-CFP-1:1 and lnc-CD164L2-1:1, were validated <i>in vitro</i> to be dysregulated by alcohol. Our findings suggest that lncRNAs dysregulated by different etiologies of HCC serve as potential disease markers and can be further investigated to develop personalized prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
NET formation is independent of gasdermin D and pyroptotic cell death (2023)

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA scaffolds coated with granule proteins that are released by neutrophils to ensnare and kill bacteria. NET formation occurs in response to many stimuli through independent molecular pathways. Although NET release has been equated to a form of lytic cell death, live neutrophils can rapidly release antimicrobial NETs. Gasdermin D (GSDMD), which causes pyroptotic death in macrophages, is thought to be required for NET formation by neutrophils. Through experiments with known physiological activators of NET formation and ligands that activate canonical and noncanonical inflammasome signaling pathways, we demonstrated that <i>Gsdmd</i>-deficient mouse neutrophils were as competent as wild-type mouse neutrophils in producing NETs. Furthermore, GSDMD was not cleaved in wild-type neutrophils during NET release in response to inflammatory mediators. We found that activation of both canonical and noncanonical inflammasome signaling pathways resulted in GSDMD cleavage in wild-type neutrophils but was not associated with cell death. Moreover, NET formation as a result of either pathway of inflammasome activation did not require GSDMD. Together, these data suggest that NETs can be formed by viable neutrophils after inflammasome activation and that this function does not require GSDMD.
Perceived Irritation during Ingestion of Capsaicin or Piperine: Comparison of Trigeminal and Non-trigeminal Areas (1997)

The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of chemosensory irritation in the oropharyngeal region during the ingestion of irritants. In two experiments subjects sipped and swallowed small samples of an ascending concentration series of capsaicin or piperine and rated the intensity of sensations or irritation perceived at four locations: the anterior tongue, the posterior tongue, the roof of the mouth and the throat. Both experiments revealed that the responsiveness to irritation from capsaicin was significantly higher in the throat than at either the front or back of the tongue. There was no difference between irritation ratings for the throat and the roof of the mouth. Compared with capsaicin, the responsiveness to piperine was more uniform along the rostro-caudal axis; for example, irritation ratings for the throat were similar to those for the anterior tongue. These results support previous findings which indicated that the oral mucosae were not uniformly sensitive to chemical irritants, and suggest further that the throat, which is innervated by both the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, plays an important role in the perception of chemesthetic stimuli during ingestion.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid‐Crystalline Imidazo(2,1‐b)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles. Part 1. Synthesis, Mesomorphic and Spectral Characteristics of 2,6‐Disubstituted Imidazo(2,1‐b)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles. (1988)

Abstract The novel title compounds (V) form smectic mesophases over a wide range of temperature.
Intelligent metasurface imager and recognizer (2019)

There is an increasing need to remotely monitor people in daily life using radio-frequency probe signals. However, conventional systems can hardly be deployed in real-world settings since they typically require objects to either deliberately cooperate or carry a wireless active device or identification tag. To accomplish complicated successive tasks using a single device in real time, we propose the simultaneous use of a smart metasurface imager and recognizer, empowered by a network of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for adaptively controlling data flow. Here, three ANNs are employed in an integrated hierarchy, transforming measured microwave data into images of the whole human body, classifying specifically designated spots (hand and chest) within the whole image, and recognizing human hand signs instantly at a Wi-Fi frequency of 2.4 GHz. Instantaneous in situ full-scene imaging and adaptive recognition of hand signs and vital signs of multiple non-cooperative people were experimentally demonstrated. We also show that the proposed intelligent metasurface system works well even when it is passively excited by stray Wi-Fi signals that ubiquitously exist in our daily lives. The reported strategy could open up a new avenue for future smart cities, smart homes, human-device interaction interfaces, health monitoring, and safety screening free of visual privacy issues.
Cell Sizing: A Light Scattering Photometer for Rapid Volume Determination (1969)

Theory predicts that small angle light scattering by spherical particles of 5 to 20 μ diam is nearly proportional to volume and insensitive to particle refractive index. A flow system photometer with helium-neon laser light source measures the scattering between 0.5 and 2.0° from individual particles at 104 to 105/min. Volume distributions of mammalian cells and plastic microspheres agree with other independent determinations.
The prevalence of folate-remedial MTHFR enzyme variants in humans (2008)

Studies of rare, inborn metabolic diseases establish that the phenotypes of some mutations in vitamin-dependent enzymes can be suppressed by supplementation of the cognate vitamin, which restores function of the defective enzyme. To determine whether polymorphisms exist that more subtly affect enzymes yet are augmentable in the same way, we sequenced the coding region of a prototypical vitamin-dependent enzyme, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), from 564 individuals of diverse ethnicities. All nonsynonymous changes were evaluated in functional in vivo assays in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify enzymatic defects and folate remediability of impaired alleles. We identified 14 nonsynonymous changes: 11 alleles with minor allele frequencies <1% and 3 common alleles (A222V, E429A, and R594Q). Four of 11 low-frequency alleles affected enzyme function, as did A222V. Of the five impaired alleles, four could be restored to normal functionality by elevating intracellular folate levels. All five impaired alleles mapped to the N-terminal catalytic domain of the enzyme, whereas changes in the C-terminal regulatory domain had little effect on activity. Impaired activity correlated with the phosphorylation state of MTHFR, with more severe mutations resulting in lower abundance of the phosphorylated protein. Significantly, diploid yeast heterozygous for mutant alleles were impaired for growth, particularly with lower folate supplementation. These results suggested that multiple less-frequent alleles, in aggregate, might significantly contribute to metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, vitamin remediation of mutant enzymes may be a common phenomenon in certain domains of proteins.