gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracellular pH of hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture (1984)

Nonproliferating rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture were used for determining liver cell intracellular pH and the degree of intracellular pH homeostasis. The dimethyloxazolidinedione weak acid distribution method was adapted for use in monolayer culture. Intracellular pH of cultured hepatocytes in bicarbonate:CO2 medium was relatively constant at 6.85-7.05 over the external pH range of 7.0-8.0. Below an external pH of 7.0, intracellular pH fell below 6.8. Varying PCO2 between 15 and 40 mmHg did not alter the extracellular versus intracellular pH curve. In N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid medium, in the absence of bicarbonate, intracellular pH homeostasis was less well defended. In this setting, the intracellular versus extracellular pH relationship curve could be described by a straight line with slope of 0.59 +/- 0.04. The system responded to the addition of the protonophore carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone with an increase in the transmembrane pH gradient. Addition of nigericin in 5 mM K+ medium resulted in intracellular acidification to pH 5.5 +/- 0.2. Metabolism of 20 mM added fructose resulted in intracellular acidification. Incubation in sodium-free media at extracellular pH of 7.6 reduced intracellular pH to 6.67 +/- 0.02 compared with an intracellular pH of 6.99 +/- 0.04 in cultures exposed to medium sodium concentrations of 20-80 meq/liter.
Fabrication of novel bioresorbable .BETA.-tricalcium phosphate cement on the basis of chelate-setting mechanism of inositol phosphate and its evaluation (2011)

We have developed novel bioresorbable β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) cements on the basis of chelate-setting mechanism of inositol phosphate (IP6). The starting cement powders (IP6/β-TCP powders) were prepared by surface-modifying β-TCP particles with IP6. The cement specimen was fabricated by mixing the IP6/β-TCP powder in pure water at desired powder/liquid ratios, and examined the effects of powder properties of the IP6/β-TCP powder on the mechanical strength (compressive strength) of the cement specimens. We focused on the crystalline phase, particle size, specific surface area (SSA), and crystallite size among powder properties. The crystalline phase of resulting cement specimen was β-TCP single phase or mixture of β-TCP and calcium-deficient apatite (CDAp). The β-TCP cement with compressive strength of 13 MPa was fabricated from the finely-ground β-TCP powders prepared by ball-milling commercially-available β-TCP powder for 4 h using zirconia beads with 10 mm in diameter. Meanwhile, the β-TCP/CDAp biphasic cement had maximum compressive strength of about 23 MPa among the examined cement specimens, it was fabricated from the ball-milled commercially-available β-TCP powder for 3 h using zirconia beads with 10 mm in diameter, and then for 3 h using zirconia beads with 2 mm in diameter. In order to make the determining factors of the compressive strength clear, we examined the relationship between powder properties (particle size, SSA and crystallite size) and compressive strength. The strength of the IP6/β-TCP cement was not dependent on the particle size of the IP6/β-TCP powder; meanwhile, the strength was enhanced with increasing SSA and decreasing crystallite size. Thus, the IP6/β-TCP powder with higher SSA and smaller crystallite size may be useful in the fabrication of chelate-setting β-TCP cement with enhanced mechanical properties.
Lesion Saliency for Weakly Supervised Lesion Detection from Breast DCE-MRI (2018)

There is a heated debate on how to interpret the decisions provided by deep learning models (DLM), where the main approaches rely on the visualization of salient regions to interpret the DLM classification process. However, these approaches generally fail to satisfy three conditions for the problem of lesion detection from medical images: 1) for images with lesions, all salient regions should represent lesions, 2) for images containing no lesions, no salient region should be produced,and 3) lesions are generally small with relatively smooth borders. We propose a new model-agnostic paradigm to interpret DLM classification decisions supported by a novel definition of saliency that incorporates the conditions above. Our model-agnostic 1-class saliency detector (MASD) is tested on weakly supervised breast lesion detection from DCE-MRI, achieving state-of-the-art detection accuracy when compared to current visualization methods.
Arbres de Markov triplets pour la segmentation d'images (2017)

International audience
Staging of T1 esophageal adenocarcinoma with volumetric laser endomicroscopy: a feasibility study (2019)

<b>Background and study aims </b> Precise staging in T1 esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is critical in determining candidacy for curative endoscopic resection. High-frequency endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has demonstrated suboptimal accuracy in T1 EAC staging due to insufficient spatial resolution. Volumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE) allows for high-resolution wide-field visualization of the esophageal microstructure. We aimed to investigate the role of VLE in staging T1 EAC. <b>Patients and methods </b> Patients undergoing endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) were prospectively enrolled and only T1 EAC cases were included. EMR specimens were imaged using second-generation VLE immediately after resection. VLE images were analyzed for signal intensity by depth and signal attenuation (dB/mm) in both cross-sectional and en-face orientation. A decision tree model was constructed to combine measured VLE parameters and delineate diagnostic thresholds. <b>Results </b> Thirty EMR scans were obtained - 15 T1a specimens from 9 patients and 15 T1b specimens from 11 patients. T1b specimen VLE scans exhibited higher signal intensity ( <i>P</i> < 0.0001) and higher signal attenuation compared to T1a specimens ( <i>P</i> = 0.03). A combination of signal attenuation and signal intensity at 150 µm depth yielded optimal diagnostic thresholds and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77. VLE signal attenuation was significantly associated with grade of differentiation, irrespective of EAC stage. <b>Conclusions </b> VLE signal intensity and signal attenuation are quantitatively distinct in T1a and T1b EAC and associated with grade of differentiation. This is the first study examining the role of VLE for staging of T1 EAC and demonstrates promising diagnostic performance. With further in vivo validation, VLE may serve a role in staging superficial EAC.
AlignAtt: Using Attention-based Audio-Translation Alignments as a Guide for Simultaneous Speech Translation (2023)

Attention is the core mechanism of today's most used architectures for natural language processing and has been analyzed from many perspectives, including its effectiveness for machine translation-related tasks. Among these studies, attention resulted to be a useful source of information to get insights about word alignment also when the input text is substituted with audio segments, as in the case of the speech translation (ST) task. In this paper, we propose AlignAtt, a novel policy for simultaneous ST (SimulST) that exploits the attention information to generate source-target alignments that guide the model during inference. Through experiments on the 8 language pairs of MuST-C v1.0, we show that AlignAtt outperforms previous state-of-the-art SimulST policies applied to offline-trained models with gains in terms of BLEU of 2 points and latency reductions ranging from 0.5s to 0.8s across the 8 languages.
Amyloid‐β Deposition in Alzheimer Transgenic Mice Is Associated with Oxidative Stress (1998)

Increased awareness for a role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has highlighted the issue of whether oxidative damage is a fundamental step in the pathogenesis or instead results from disease-associated pathology. In vitro experiments support both possibilities: Oxidative stress increases amyloid-beta production, and, conversely, amyloid-beta increases oxidative damage. To address the relationship between amyloid-beta and oxidative stress in vivo, we examined, using an array of oxidative markers, transgenic mice that overexpress amyloid-beta precursor protein and, as in Alzheimer's disease, develop characteristic amyloid-beta deposits within the brain parenchyma. Transgenic animals show the same type of oxidative damage that is found in Alzheimer's disease, and it is important that this damage directly correlates with the presence of amyloid-beta deposits. The significance of these studies is twofold. First, they provide evidence that amyloid-beta and oxidative damage are inextricably linked in vivo. Second, they support the use of transgenic animals for the development of antioxidant therapeutic strategies.
Microbiological status of piggery effluent from 13 piggeries in the south east Queensland region of Australia (2004)

The knowledge gained in this study will assist in the development of guidelines to ensure the safe and sustainable re-use of piggery effluent.
Line-of-sight angle of arrival estimation in the outdoor multipath environment (1998)

Angle of arrival (AOA) estimation utilizing the MUltiple Signal Identification and Classification (MUSIC) algorithm is investigated for land vehicle location systems. A "virtual" antenna array is used to overcome problems inherent to MUSIC when operating in a highly correlated signal environment. Based on assumptions regarding the multipath radio environment, triangulation is possible by estimating the AOA of the line-of-sight (LOS) component in the received signal. Computer simulations are used to analyze the ability of techniques incorporating MUSIC to achieve this. Since triangulation is achieved using a narrowband signal, no new spectrum is required. Instead, the current cellular telephone bands as well as the existing basestation hardware could be exploited resulting in a cost-efficient and easily implemented system. A further cost reduction may be realized by processing received signal data while travelling along a nonlinear trajectory. In this way, an unambiguous angular spectrum is obtained with one antenna.
A practical external sort for shared disk MPPs (1993)

An external sort has been implemented and analyzed for a shared disk MPP computer system. In this implementation, we have considered many real world constraints. Decision support functionality in database systems, for instance, often requires that external sorting be done in place on disk, support variable length records, and be restartable from any point of interruption with no loss of data. These three constraints, along with the more standard requirements of speed and stability, affect the choice and implementation of the external sorting algorithm. The implementation of the sample sort algorithm described here meets these requirements. Although written using high level file processing directives, the implementation sorts a 10 GB file in 1.5 h on a 64 processor Connection Machine CM-5 with a DataVault disk system.
Study on Fence‐Free Platinum Etching Using Chlorine‐Based Gases in Inductively Coupled Plasma (1997)

Platinum thin films have been successfully etched without redeposition of etch products using chlorine‐based gases in an inductively coupled plasma. The redeposited materials formed on the pattern sidewall by using gas combination were analyzed by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. We found that the redeposited material was mainly compound. Based on this result, gas chemistry has been proposed as a new etching gas and demonstrated good etching profile of Pt films without unwanted redeposition.
Cationic Polypeptides Are Required for Antibacterial Activity of Human Airway Fluid (2002)

In a search for direct evidence leading to the biological relevance of airway secretions in innate host defense, we characterized the antibacterial function of cationic polypeptides within minimally manipulated nasal fluid. In this study, we show that cationic antimicrobial polypeptides are responsible for most of the bactericidal activity of whole nasal fluid. The removal of cationic polypeptides using a cation-exchange resin ablated the activity of nasal fluid against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By using a novel proteomic approach, we identified a dozen cationic peptides and proteins within nasal fluid, all of which either are known antimicrobial polypeptides or have other proposed roles in host defense. Of the three most abundant cationic polypeptides in nasal fluid, lysozyme was more effective than either lactoferrin or secretory leukoprotease inhibitor in restoring the antibacterial activity of the cationic polypeptide-depleted fluid against a mucoid cystic fibrosis isolate of P. aeruginosa.
Optimizing large applications (2014)

Both uppermost open source compilers, GCC and LLVM, are mature enough to link-time optimize large applications. In case of large applications, we must take into account, except standard speed efficiency and memory consumption, different aspects. We focus on size of the code, cold start-up time, etc. Developers of applications often come up with ad-hoc solutions such as Elfhack utility, start-up of an application via a pre-loading utility and dlopen; prelinking and variety of different tools that reorder functions to fit the order of execution. The goal of the thesis is to analyse all existing techniques of optimization, evaluate their efficiency and design new solutions based on the link-time optimization platform.
Supplementary Methods from DNA Methyltransferase Inhibition Reverses Epigenetically Embedded Phenotypes in Lung Cancer Preferentially Affecting Polycomb Target Genes (2023)

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A Study on Current Problems of Cemeteries in Municipalities in Hokkaido (2019)

This study aimed to clarify the current situation about municipal cemeteries in Hokkaido. Questionnaires about current status of vacant cemetery lots, group burial sites, plan of new cemetery sites, and cemetery-use rights were sent by e-mail to 179 municipalities in Hokkaido and 149 responses were obtained. As results, the following status were revealed. (1) Most municipalities in Hokkaido (97%) own municipal cemeteries and they have still enough vacant lots. On the other hand, (2) increasing number of neglected tombs has already become issue in about 30% of the municipalities and 80% of the municipality recognize it as a future problem. Those problems are attributed to the permanent use rights of cemetery lot without expiration date and to inappropriately limited conditions of right holders. (3) Various types of new cemeteries such as a group burial site have been built mainly in large-scale municipalities, whichwiden the gap between regions in terms of cemetery service of administration in the future. Administrative concerns over cemetery problems need to be shift from quantitative problems to qualitative problems. Drastic measures are necessary for the cemetery system in the age of low birthrates and population fluidity.
Battle of the dinosaurs: The impact of internalized bad paternal and maternal objects in a three-year-old boy (2008)

Abstract This paper begins with a summary of W. Ronald D. Fairbairn's object relations theory, with particular focus on his ideas of how paternal objects are internalized alongside maternal objects. A case is then presented of a three-year-old boy who experienced deprivation and frustration from both his mother and father, thus initiating the internalization of bad paternal and maternal objects. Assessment and implications for treatment are then discussed using Fairbairn's model as an organizing framework for developing goals and interventions, and monitoring treatment progress.
Cross-Coupling Reactions of DiazineN-Oxides with Aryl Halides (2007)

A reasonably efficient Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of diazine N-oxides with aryl­halides to afford aryl diazines is reported. In view of the absence of metalated (B, Zn, Mg, Sn) partners, the process may be formally categorized in the C-H-activation group of reactions. The reaction proceeds with pyrazines, pyrimidines, and pyridazine N-oxides to introduce aryl substituents ortho to the N-oxide function. The scope of hetero­cycle substitutent R1 received inadequate attention whereas that of R2, the aryl halides (bromides, iodides, and even chlorides), has been thoroughly investigated in terms of electron-donating and -withdrawing groups. An interesting catalyst inhibitory effect in the coupling reactions of pyrimidine N-oxides was noted but not elucidated.
PCE Hierarchical SDNs (2017)

This document presents extensions to the Path Computation Element
Communication Protocol (PCEP) for supporting a hierarchical SDN
control system, which comprises multiple SDN controllers controlling a
network with a number of domains.
Influence of quaternary ammonium salt addition on the surface activity of polyacrylic dispersants (2004)

Abstract A variety of poly(alkyl methacrylate‐ co ‐acrylic acid) (PS) copolymers were synthesized under conditions resembling those used in industrial processes. The interfacial tension dependence on the composition, the concentration of the polymers, and the presence of water‐soluble quaternary ammonium salt (octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride) were investigated. The studies reveal that the presence of a quaternary ammonium salt decreases the interfacial tension to a high degree and improves the dispersing properties of the synthesized copolymers. Some examples of using PS copolymer with 15 mol % acrylic acid content as a dispersant in inverse suspension copolymerization process of acrylamide and acrylic acid are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3736–3743, 2004
Tracing the D-Pathway in Reconstituted Site-Directed Mutants of CytochromecOxidase fromParacoccus denitrificans (2000)

Heme-copper terminal oxidases use the free energy of oxygen reduction to establish a transmembrane proton gradient. While the molecular mechanism of coupling electron transfer to proton pumping is still under debate, recent structure determinations and mutagenesis studies have provided evidence for two pathways for protons within subunit I of this class of enzymes. Here, we probe the D-pathway by mutagenesis of the cytochrome c oxidase of the bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans; amino acid replacements were selected with the rationale of interfering with the hydrophilic lining of the pathway, in particular its assumed chain of water molecules. Proton pumping was assayed in the reconstituted vesicle system by a stopped-flow spectroscopic approach, allowing a reliable assessment of proton translocation efficiency even at low turnover rates. Several mutations at positions above the cytoplasmic pathway entrance (Asn 131, Asn 199) and at the periplasmic exit region (Asp 399) led to complete inhibition of proton pumping; one of these mutants, N131D, exhibited an ideal decoupled phenotype, with a turnover comparable to that of the wild-type enzyme. Since sets of mutations in other positions along the presumed course of the pathway showed normal proton translocation stoichiometries, we conclude that the D-pathway is too wide in most areas above positions 131/199 to be disturbed by single amino acid replacements.
Structural characterization of the lipid A component of Pseudomonas aeruginosa wild‐type and rough mutant lipopolysaccharides (1991)

The structure of the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharides isolated from two wild-type strains (Fisher 2 and 7) and one rough mutant (PAC 605) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated using chemical analysis, methylation analysis, combined gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, laser-desorption mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The lipid A backbone was found to consist of a pyranosidic beta 1,6-linked D-glucosamine disaccharide [beta-D-GlcpN-(1----6)-D-GlcpN], phosphorylated in positions 4' and 1. Position 6' of the beta-D-GlcpN-(1----6)-D-GlcpN disaccharide was identified as the attachment site of the core oligosaccharide and the hydroxyl group at C-4 was not substituted. Lipid A of the three P. aeruginosa strains expressed heterogeneity with regard to the degree of acylation: a hexaacyl as well as a pentaacyl component were structurally characterized. The hexaacyl lipid A contains two amide-bound 3-O-acylated (R)-3-hydroxydodecanoic acid groups [12:0(3-OH)] at positions 2 and 2' of the GlcN dissacharide and two ester-bound (R)-3-hydroxydecanoic acid groups [10:0(3-OH)] at positions 3 and 3'. The pentaacyl species, which represents the major lipid A component, lacks one 10:0(3-OH) residue, the hydroxyl group in position 3 of the reducing GlcN residue being free. In both hexa- and pentaacyl lipid A the 3-hydroxyl group of the two amide-linked 12:0(3-OH) residues are acylated by either dodecanoic (12:0) or (S)-2-hydroxydodecanoic acid [12:0(2-OH)], the lipid A species with two 12:0(2-OH) residues, however, being absent. The presence of only five acyl residues in the major lipid A fraction may account for the low endotoxic activity observed with P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide.
Photorealistic inner mouth expression in speech animation (2013)

We often see close-ups of CG characters' faces in movies or video games. In such situations, the quality of a character's face (mainly in dialogue scenes) primarily determines that of the entire movie. Creating highly realistic speech animation is essential because viewers watch these scenes carefully. In general, such speech animations are created manually by skilled artists. However, creating them requires a considerable effort and time.
Die Level Microbumping and Flip Chip Bonding for MPW Die. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
MALNUTRITION AFFECTS LIVER TRANSPLANT OUTCOMES (1998)

204 The purpose of this study was to determine if malnutrition (maln) affects outcomes in liver transplant (tx) recipients. Methods: 1224 patients (pts) with ≥1-yr. follow-up underwent liver tx from 1985-1996. Pts were nutritionally assessed during initial tx evaluation using a standard technique. Infection and rejection rates, hospital and ICU stays, and pt and graft survival rates were compared between groups. Results: Nutritional status differed by gender (p=.001). Table Groups B and C were in the ICU more often when transplanted (p=.001, 17.7% and 19.2%) than Group A (13.7%). Infection rates during the first 3-posttx months did not differ by nutritional status. Rejection during the first 3-posttx months occurred less often in Group c (p=.006, 49%) than Groups A(64.4%) or B (61.6%). TablesDiscussion: Main depresses the immune system and may account for decreased rejection rates. Infection rates did not differ between groups; however, prophylactic antibiotics were administered after tx. When our 1985-96 experience was evaluated, maln lengthened ICU stays. During the last 5 years, lengths of stays were not significantly different, but survival rates decreased in main pts. Increased waiting time for tx [p=.001; 1985-1991 (median 13 days) vs. 1992-1996 (median 115 days)] may have caused pretx deterioration in maln pts resulting in more pretx ICU admissions and decreased posttx survival rates. Conclusion: Maln adversely affected posttx outcomes especially when tx waiting times were prolonged.
Reply to ‘‘Comments on ‘Effects of using the more accurate intrinsic concentration on bipolar transistor modeling’ ’’ [J. Appl. Phys. 6 8, 5911 (1990)] (1991)

This reply addresses the issues raised by Rode and Rosenbaum regarding the bipolar junction transistor model developed in the subject paper [J. Appl. Phys. 68, 5911(1990)]. The error associated with Eq. (4) in the subject paper is discussed and corrected, the value of the space-charge-region recombination time used is specified, and the results are recalculated. It is shown that the error in Eq. (4) does not alter notably the trends of the current gain calculated using the two different intrinsic concentrations.