gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutations in the D1 subunit of photosystem II distinguish between quinone and herbicide binding sites. (1992)

The structure-activity relationships of the plastoquinone QB binding domain in the D1 subunit of photosystem II (PSII) were investigated by characterization of mutations introduced in the D1 protein. Eight novel point mutations in the gene psbA, which encodes D1, were generated in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 by site-specific mutagenesis in vitro. The effects of the resulting modifications in D1 on electron transfer in PSII and on herbicide binding were analyzed. The results extend the structural analogies between the secondary quinone binding site in D1 and in subunit L of the photosynthetic reaction center in purple bacteria. The involvement of Phe255, Ser264, and Leu271 of D1 in plastoquinone binding and electron transfer in PSII was established. An indirect effect of Tyr254 on the binding of QB was demonstrated. Changes in binding of herbicides and QB to D1 as a result of the mutations revealed specific interactions between amino acid residues in D1 and the plastoquinone and distinguished between the binding sites of QB and herbicides.
Clinical Trials : A Methodologic Perspective (1997)

Preface. Preface to the First Edition. 1. Preliminaries. 2. Clinical Trails as Research. 3. Why Clinical Trials Are Ethical. 4. Contexts for Clinical Trials. 5. Statistical Perspectives. 6. Clinical Trials as Experimental Designs. 7. Random Error and Bias. 8. Objectives and Outcomes. 9. Translational Clinical Trials. 10. Dose Finding Designs. 11. Sample Size and Power. 12. The Study Cohort. 13. Treatment Allocation. 14. Treatment Effects Monitoring. 15. Counting Patients and Events. 16. Estimating Clinical Effects. 17. Prognostic Factor Analyses. 18. Reporting and Authorship. 19. Factorial Designs. 20 Cross-Over Designs. 21. Meta-Analyses. 22. Misconduct and Fraud in Clinical Research. Appendix A: Data and Programs. Appendix B: Notation and Terminology. Appendix C: Abbreviations. Appendix D: Nuremberg Code. Appendix E: Declaration of Helsinki. Appendix F: NCI Data and Safety Monitoring Policy. Appendix G: NIH Data and Safety Monitoring Policy. Appendix H: Royal Statistical Society Code of Conduct. Bibliography. Author Index. Subject Index.
Why are state-of-the-art flash-based multi-tiered storage systems performing poorly for HTTP video streaming? (2012)

MLC flash memory is a promising technology for building a high-performance and cost-effective video streaming system when it is used as an intermediate level cache in a multi-tiered storage hierarchy. Therefore, we were quite surprised when through extensive measurements we found that two state-of-the-art flash-based multi-tiered storage systems (namely, flashcache and ZFS) have quite disappointing performance for HTTP video streaming using the DASH protocol. We have conducted a thorough analysis to understand the reasons for the poor performance of these two systems. In a nutshell, unless attention is paid to the unique performance characteristics of flash memory-based SSDs, we could end up with suboptimal or even poor performance as we discovered through experimentation with these two systems. Based on the analysis, we present design guidelines for building a cost-effective high-performance HTTP video streaming server.
Abstract 10414: Audit of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Use in St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Under the Indian National Health Insurance Program Ayushman Bharat (2021)

Introduction: National health insurance programs like Ayushman Bharat (AB) have increased access to treatments like PCI to poor patients in low-to-middle income countries (LMICs). Evaluating such systems for STEMI care through electronic health records (e-HR) data can provide a unique opportunity to assess quality of PCI. Methods: We evaluated PCI cases within AB across 5 Indian states, selecting 4 hospitals from each state (2 public &amp; 2 private facilities). Each week from January to May 2020, we selected 5 random cases from each hospital for detailed review. We accessed e-HR data of these patients. To ensure data quality, data was double abstracted at two different time points. We report descriptive statistics focused on the timing of PCI relative to their symptom onset and first medical contact (FMC). Results: Of 300 PCIs reviewed within AB, 196 patients were managed for STEMI. A total of 47 from Uttar Pradesh, 53 from Chhattisgarh, 43 from Maharashtra, 28 from Madhya Pradesh, and 25 from Haryana. Of these, 59.7% (117/196) patients reached FMC within 3 hours of symptom onset; 17.9% (35/196) within 3-12 hours, 5.1% (10/196) within 12-48 hours, 3.1% (6/196) within 48-72 hours, and 12.8% (25/196) after 72 hours. From FMC, PCI was done in only 4.6 % (9/196) patients within 3 hours and 8.7 % (17/196) within 12 hours. Over half (107/196 or 54.6%) received PCI after 72 hours (Figure). Of these, only 3/107 (2.8%) received fibrinolytic therapy and 35/107 (32.7%) had complete occlusion of the culprit vessel, nullifying the benefit of PCI based on randomized trial evidence. Conclusion: Many poor Indian patients undergoing PCI for STEMI under AB are receiving PCI after long delays with underuse of fibrinolytic therapy. Opportunities to improve reperfusion therapy in India exist for socioeconomically disadvantaged patients.
A chair based ballistocardiogram time interval measurement with cardiovascular provocations (2018)

The objective of this study was to measure ballistocardiogram (BCG) based time intervals and compare them with systolic blood pressure values. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and BCG signals of six subjects sitting in a chair were measured with a ferroelectret film sensor. Time intervals between ECG R peak and BCG I and J waves were calculated to obtain RJ, RI and IJ intervals. The time intervals were modified with two cardiovascular provocations, controlled breathing and Valsalva maneuver. The controlled breathing changed all the time intervals (RJ, RI and IJ) whereas the Valsalva maneuver mainly caused variations in the RJ and RI intervals. The calculated time intervals were compared with reference arterial blood pressure values. Correlation coefficients of r = -0.61 and r = -0.78 were found between the RJ and RI time intervals and systolic blood pressure during Valsalva maneuver, respectively.
Towards Named Entity Extraction and Translation in Spoken Language Translation (2004)

In this paper we propose a new method of detecting and translating named entities (NE) from spoken language, e.g., Chinese broadcast news. This approach detects possible NE regions from less reliably recognized hypotheses using confidence measures. Each possible NE boundary within the region is compared with candidate NEs from retrieved documents based on their acoustic similarities and semantic correlations. These candidate NEs are re-ranked by additionally incorporating general and topic-specific language models to measure the NE context consistency. This approach, combined with the HMM-based NE extraction on confidently recognized words, improves NE extraction F-score from 66% to 71% and NE translation quality from 69% to 73% over the baseline method. Systematic comparisons on NE translation quality with different speech input quality are also presented.
Future Electron-Hadron Colliders (2010)

Future projects for electron-hadron colliders will be reviewed. Existing designs will be presented and, when possible, compared. The challenges and required R program will be discussed.
Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) in gynecological cancers: Current state of knowledge (2023)

Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A), also known as the F11 receptor (F11R), is one of the tight junction components. JAM-A is a transmembrane glycoprotein that regulates many cellular processes, i.e., angiogenesis, leukocyte transendothelial migration, intercellular permeability, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and platelet activation. Of note, it is involved in the pathogenesis of various cancer types, including gynecological cancers. Only a few studies are available about this cancer type. Observed aberrant JAM-A expression in gynecological cancers correlates with poor patient prognosis. To the best of our knowledge, conflicting JAM-A roles in various cancer types suggest that its involvement is complex and tumor-type specific. The underlying molecular mechanisms and pathways responsible for JAM-A functions were not fully elucidated and need to be identified. Finding appropriate novel molecular cancer biomarkers may reduce observed very high mortality rates and could contribute to personalized treatment development. The main aim of the present viewpoint article is to report the current knowledge about JAM-A participation in gynecological malignancies.
Adaptations of cytoarchitecture in human dilated cardiomyopathy (2014)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterised by a histological phenotype of myocyte disarray, but heart tissue samples from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) often look comparatively similar to those from healthy individuals apart from conspicuous regions of fibrosis and necrosis. We have previously investigated subcellular alterations in the cytoarchitecture of mouse models of dilated cardiomyopathy and found that both the organisation and composition of the intercalated disc, i.e. the specialised type of cell-cell contact in the heart, is altered. There is also is a change in the composition of the M-band of the sarcomere due to an expression shift towards the more extensible embryonic heart (EH)-myomesin isoform. Analysis of human samples from the Sydney Human Heart Tissue Bank have revealed similar structural findings and also provided evidence for a dramatic change in overall cardiomyocyte size control, which has also been seen in the mouse. Together these changes in cytoarchitecture probably contribute to the decreased functional output that is seen in DCM.
Test of DC reactor type fault current limiter using SMES magnet for optimal design (2002)

This paper deals with the operational characteristics of a three-phase DC reactor type fault current limiter (FCL) at a short-circuit test. This type FCL consists of transformers,. diodes, and a superconducting coil. In this paper, a superconducting coil, low-Tc SMES magnet, is made of Nb-Ti and the power system of the experimental circuit is 400 V/7 A class. This is a preliminary step to develop its faculties for applications to high voltage transmission line. As the results of the experiment, the values are referred to the limitation rate about 77% and 90% when the turns ratio of transformer was 1 and 2, respectively.
Profiling of Arabidopsis Secondary Metabolites by Capillary Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2004)

Large-scale metabolic profiling is expected to develop into an integral part of functional genomics and systems biology. The metabolome of a cell or an organism is chemically highly complex. Therefore, comprehensive biochemical phenotyping requires a multitude of analytical techniques. Here, we describe a profiling approach that combines separation by capillary liquid chromatography with the high resolution, high sensitivity, and high mass accuracy of quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. About 2000 different mass signals can be detected in extracts of Arabidopsis roots and leaves. Many of these originate from Arabidopsis secondary metabolites. Detection based on retention times and exact masses is robust and reproducible. The dynamic range is sufficient for the quantification of metabolites. Assessment of the reproducibility of the analysis showed that biological variability exceeds technical variability. Tools were optimized or established for the automatic data deconvolution and data processing. Subtle differences between samples can be detected as tested with the chalcone synthase deficient tt4 mutant. The accuracy of time-of-flight mass analysis allows to calculate elemental compositions and to tentatively identify metabolites. In-source fragmentation and tandem mass spectrometry can be used to gain structural information. This approach has the potential to significantly contribute to establishing the metabolome of Arabidopsis and other model systems. The principles of separation and mass analysis of this technique, together with its sensitivity and resolving power, greatly expand the range of metabolic profiling.
Reactions and Surface Interactions of Saccharides in Cement Slurries (2012)

Glucose, maltodextrin, and sucrose exhibit significant differences in their alkaline reaction properties and interactions in aluminate/silicate cement slurries that result in diverse hydration behaviors of cements. Using 1D solution- and solid-state (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the structures of these closely related saccharides are identified in aqueous cement slurry solutions and as adsorbed on inorganic oxide cement surfaces during the early stages of hydration. Solid-state 1D (29)Si and 2D (27)Al{(1)H} and (13)C{(1)H} NMR techniques, including the use of very high magnetic fields (18.8 T), allow the characterization of the hydrating silicate and aluminate surfaces, where interactions with adsorbed organic species influence hydration. These measurements establish the molecular features of the different saccharides that account for their different adsorption behaviors in hydrating cements. Specifically, sucrose is stable in alkaline cement slurries and exhibits selective adsorption at hydrating silicate surfaces but not at aluminate surfaces in cements. In contrast, glucose degrades into linear saccharinic or other carboxylic acids that adsorb relatively weakly and nonselectively on nonhydrated and hydrated cement particle surfaces. Maltodextrin exhibits intermediate reaction and sorption properties because of its oligomeric glucosidic structure that yields linear carboxylic acids and stable ring-containing degradation products that are similar to those of the glucose degradation products and sucrose, respectively. Such different reaction and adsorption behaviors provide insight into the factors responsible for the large differences in the rates at which aluminate and silicate cement species hydrate in the presence of otherwise closely related saccharides.
Comparison of Three Transmit Arrays for Parallel Transmit (2007)

V. Alagappan, E. Adalsteinsson, K. Setsompop, U. Fontius, A. Zelinski, G. Wiggins, F. Hebrank, F. Schmitt, and L. Wald Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, Charlestown, MA, United States, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States, Siem Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, charlestown, MA, United States, Siemens Medical Solutions, Charlestown, MA, United States
Septal Curvature Is Marker of Hemodynamic, Anatomical, and Electromechanical Ventricular Interdependence in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2013)

Septal curvature is a useful marker of structural, hemodynamic, and electromechanical ventricular interdependence in PAH.
Decellularization and engineered crosslinking: a promising dual approach towards bioprosthetic heart valve longevity (2020)

The dual approach of combining decellularization with enhanced crosslinking chemistry in xenogeneic pericardial tissue offers much promise in extending bioprosthetic heart valve longevity.
Riblet design, manufacturing, and measurements – A new rapid iteration process (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0036.vid The growing application of riblets in various industries, mainly aviation and wind turbines, increase the need to develop riblet designs of higher drag reduction capabilities. Bionic Surface Technologies (BST) and MicroTau present a new rapid iteration process to bring riblet development into the next level. By combining the Direct Contactless Microfabrication technology (DCM) of MicroTau and the simulation and measurement capabilities of BST the time to iterate riblet design, manufacturing and testing drops significantly. The present work defines the process and shows examples of the highly effective process.
Composites Prepared by the Anionic Polymerization of Ethyl 2-Cyanoacrylate within Supercritical Carbon Dioxide−Swollen Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (2000)

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) was used as an aid in fabricating polymer/polymer composites. Using a two-stage process, ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate (ECA) monomer was anionically polymerized within poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) substrates. The composite fabrication process involved first infusing triphenylphosphine (the initiator) into the substrate using SC CO2. In the second step, monomer was introduced (again using SC CO2) to the substrate. As the monomer absorbed into the initiator-containing substrate, it polymerized. The composite surfaces were characterized using surface-selective techniques. The mechanical performance of the composites was determined by measuring the adhesive fracture toughness of the composites. The locus of failure of fractured interfaces of composites with epoxy was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Chitosan: Gels and Interfacial Properties (2015)

Chitosan is a unique biopolymer in the respect that it is abundant, cationic, low-toxic, non-immunogenic and biodegradable. The relative occurrence of the two monomeric building units (N-acetyl-glucosamine and d-glucosamine) is crucial to whether chitosan is predominantly an ampholyte or predominantly a polyelectrolyte at acidic pH-values. The chemical composition is not only crucial to its surface activity properties, but also to whether and why chitosan can undergo a sol–gel transition. This review gives an overview of chitosan hydrogels and their biomedical applications, e.g., in tissue engineering and drug delivery, as well as the chitosan’s surface activity and its role in emulsion formation, stabilization and destabilization. Previously unpublished original data where chitosan acts as an emulsifier and flocculant are presented and discussed, showing that highly-acetylated chitosans can act both as an emulsifier and as a flocculant.
Gene Conversion as a Secondary Mechanism of Short Interspersed Element (SINE) Evolution (1995)

The Alu repetitive family of short interspersed elements (SINEs) in primates can be subdivided into distinct subfamilies by specific diagnostic nucleotide changes. The older subfamilies are generally very abundant, while the younger subfamilies have fewer copies. Some of the youngest Alu elements are absent in the orthologous loci of nonhuman primates, indicative of recent retroposition events, the primary mode of SINE evolution. PCR analysis of one young Alu subfamily (Sb2) member found in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene apparently revealed the presence of this element in the green monkey, orangutan, gorilla, and chimpanzee genomes, as well as the human genome. However, sequence analysis of these genomes revealed a highly mutated, older, primate-specific Alu element was present at this position in the nonhuman primates. Comparison of the flanking DNA sequences upstream of this Alu insertion corresponded to evolution expected for standard primate phylogeny, but comparison of the Alu repeat sequences revealed that the human element departed from this phylogeny. The change in the human sequence apparently occurred by a gene conversion event only within the Alu element itself, converting it from one of the oldest to one of the youngest Alu subfamilies. Although gene conversions of Alu elements are clearly very rare, this finding shows that such events can occur and contribute to specific cases of SINE subfamily evolution.
Hierarchical QoS routing in delay-bandwidth sensitive networks (2002)

Large networks are often structured hierarchically by grouping nodes into different domains in order to deal with the scaling problem. In such networks, it is infeasible to maintain the detailed network information at every router. Therefore, the topology information of the domains are summarized before being broadcast. This process is called topology aggregation. Hierarchical routing protocols are then used to find a route among the domains. We study several basic problems associated with hierarchical QoS routing, including (1) how to make QoS-aware topology aggregation, (2) how to represent the aggregated network state, and (3) how to find an end-to-end route based on aggregated information. The novelty in this research is our new network QoS representation which is line segments on the delay-bandwidth plane. We also present a distributed routing mechanism that works with our representation. Our theoretical and simulation results show that the protocol achieves scalability and improved routing performance.
Coronal Heating Rate in the Slow Solar Wind (2023)

This Letter reports the first observational estimate of the heating rate in the slowly expanding solar corona. The analysis exploits the simultaneous remote and local observations of the same coronal plasma volume with the Solar Orbiter/Metis and the Parker Solar Probe instruments, respectively, and relies on the basic solar wind magnetohydrodynamic equations. As expected, energy losses are a minor fraction of the solar wind energy flux, since most of the energy dissipation that feeds the heating and acceleration of the coronal flow occurs much closer to the Sun than the heights probed in the present study, which range from 6.3 to 13.3 solar radii. The energy deposited to the supersonic wind is then used to explain the observed slight residual wind acceleration and to maintain the plasma in a non-adiabatic state. As derived in the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin limit, the present energy transfer rate estimates provide a lower limit, which can be very useful in refining the turbulence-based modeling of coronal heating and subsequent solar wind acceleration.
The Prognostic Value of Stress Hyperglycaemia and Previously Unrecognized Diabetes in Acute Stroke (1987)

In a prospective study of 86 patients with acute stroke, blood glucose and HbA1 were estimated within 72 h of onset. The prevalence of previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus was 8% whereas 28% could be assumed to have had unrecognized hyperglycaemia preceeding the acute event as identified by a stable HbA1 raised more than two SD above the mean reference value. Complete functional recovery of the limbs within 4 weeks of the stroke was confined to those patients with a normal admission blood glucose. None of the patients with a raised admission blood glucose regained full functional recovery within 4 weeks. Cumulative mortality at 4 weeks was significantly raised in patients with an elevated blood glucose value irrespective of their HbA1 values (p less than 0.05). The prevalence of unrecognized hyperglycaemia as a risk factor for acute stroke is greater than previously reported in the UK and admission blood glucose concentration is of greatest importance in predicting early mortality and morbidity.
Magnetic and Photoluminescent Coupling in SrTi0.87Fe0.13O3−δ/ZnO Vertical Nanocomposite Films (2017)

Self-assembled growth of SrTi<sub>0.87</sub>Fe<sub>0.13</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> (STF)/ZnO vertical nanocomposite films by combinatorial pulsed laser deposition is described. The nanocomposite films form vertically aligned columnar epitaxial nanostructures on SrTiO<sub>3</sub> substrates, in which the STF shows room-temperature magnetism. The magnetic properties are discussed in terms of strain states, oxygen vacancies, and microstructures. The nanocomposites exhibit magneto-photoluminescent coupling behavior that the near-band-edge emission of ZnO is shifted as a function of magnetic field.