gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) (2004)

We aimed to develop and validate a novel rating scale for multiple system atrophy (Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale-UMSARS). The scale comprises the following components: Part I, historical, 12 items; Part II, motor examination, 14 items; Part III, autonomic examination; and Part IV, global disability scale. For validation purposes, 40 MSA patients were assessed in four centers by 4 raters per center (2 senior and 2 junior raters). The raters applied the UMSARS, as well as a range of other scales, including the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS). Internal consistency was high for both UMSARS-I (Crohnbach's alpha = 0.84) and UMSARS-II (Crohnbach's alpha = 0.90) sections. The interrater reliability of most of the UMSARS-I and -II items as well as of total UMSARS-I and -II subscores was substantial (k(w) = 0.6-0.8) to excellent (k(w) > 0.8). UMSARS-II correlated well with UPDRS-III and ICARS (rs > 0.8). Depending on the degree of the patient's disability, completion of the entire UMSARS took 30 to 45 minutes. Based on our findings, the UMSARS appears to be a multidimensional, reliable, and valid scale for semiquantitative clinical assessments of MSA patients.
Nanodiamond as a vector for siRNA delivery to Ewing sarcoma cells (2011)

We investigated the ability of diamond nanoparticles (nanodiamonds, NDs) to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) in Ewing sarcoma cells, in the perspective of in vivo anti-cancer nucleic acid drug delivery. siRNA was adsorbed onto NDs previously coated with cationic polymer. Cell uptake of NDs has been demonstrated by taking advantage of NDs intrinsic fluorescence coming from embedded color center defects. Cell toxicity of these coated NDs was shown to be low. Consistent with the internalization efficacy, we have shown a specific inhibition of EWS/Fli-1 gene expression at the mRNA and protein level by the ND vectorized siRNA in a serum containing medium.
Grid-based asynchronous replica exchange (2007)

Replica exchange is a powerful sampling algorithm and can be effectively used for applications such as simulating the structure, function, folding, and dynamics of proteins and drug design. However, Grid-based implementations of the algorithm present significant challenges due to its synchronization and communication requirements. This paper presents an asynchronous formulation of the replica exchange algorithm and the design and implementation of a Grid-based asynchronous replica exchange engine (GARE). GARE is based on CometG, a decentralized computational infrastructure for Desktop Grid environments that provides a scalable communication and interaction substrate and presents a virtual semantically specialized shared space abstraction. It enables the dynamic and asynchronous interactions required by the algorithm to be simply expressed and efficiently implemented. The design and implementation of GARE/CometG and the replica exchange simulations that it enables are presented. Experimental evaluations using the PlanetLab |1| wide-area test bed as well as a campus Grid environment arc presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyarene Anions. Interplay Between Theory and Experiment (2012)

Abstract Review: 137 refs.
<title>Almost Everything One Needs To Know About Image Matching Systems</title> (1980)

The missile map-matching problem for guidance updating or target homing is shown in Figure 1. The problem as defined here consists of locating the position of a sensor image relative to a reference map which is stored onboard the vehicle&apos;s computer. Once the match location is found the relative location between the two map centers can be used to update the vehicle&apos;s navigational position. The two important performance considerations are the avoidance of false fixes as measured by their frequency of occurrence and the accuracy with which the position fix can be made.
Proceedings, First IEEE International Conference Conference on Formal Engineering Methods : Hiroshima, Japan, November 12-14, 1997 (1997)

This volume on architecture/parallel and high performance computing is aimed at researchers, professors, practitioners, students and other computing professionals.
Radiation Shielding Tests of Crosslinked Polystyrene-b-Polyethyleneglycol Block Copolymers Blended with Nanostructured Selenium Dioxide and Boron Nitride Particles (2022)

In this work, gamma-ray shielding features of crosslinked polystyrene-b-polyethyleneglycol block copolymers (PS-b-PEG) blended with nanostructured selenium dioxide (SeO<sub>2</sub>) and boron nitride (BN) particles were studied. This research details several radiation shielding factors i.e., mass attenuation coefficient (μm), linear attenuation coefficient (μL), radiation protection efficiency (RPE), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP). The irradiation properties of our nanocomposites were investigated with rays from the <sup>152</sup>Eu source (in the energy intervals from 121.780 keV to 1408.010 keV) in a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector system, and analyzed with GammaVision software. Moreover, all radiation shielding factors were determined by theoretical calculus and compared with the experimental results. In addition, the morphological and thermal characterization of all nanocomposites was surveyed with various techniques i.e., nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Acceptable compatibility was revealed and observed in all nanocomposites between the experimental and theoretical results. The PS-b-PEG copolymer and nanostructured SeO<sub>2</sub> and BN particles exerted a significant effect in enhancing the resistance of the nanocomposites, and the samples with high additive rates exhibited better resistance than the other nanocomposites. From the achieved outcomes, it can be deduced that our polymer-based nanocomposites can be utilized as a good choice in the gamma-irradiation-shielding discipline.
Aperture-limited conduction and its possible mechanism in ion-implanted current aperture vertical β -Ga2O3 MOSFETs (2021)

An anomalous diode-like turn-on behavior was observed in the drain characteristics of current aperture vertical β-Ga2O3 transistors. This phenomenon was attributable to an electron barrier created by negative fixed charges in the aperture opening, through which electrons were funneled from the gated channel to the drift layer. Electrostatic analysis for deriving the turn-on voltage yielded effective sheet charge densities on the order of 1011–1012 cm−2. The charged species was conjectured to be acceptor-like point defects diffusing from nitrogen-implanted current blocking layers with an activation energy consistent with migration of gallium vacancies. These results alluded to a possible role of point-defect diffusion in the performance and reliability of ion-implanted Ga2O3 devices.
Deep Learning Based Method for Computer Aided Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy (2019)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a retinal disease caused by the high blood sugar levels that may damage and block the blood vessels feeding the retina. In the early stages of DR, the disease is asymptomatic; however, as the disease advances, a possible sudden loss of vision and blindness may occur. Therefore, an early diagnosis and staging of the disease is required to possibly slow down the progression of the disease and improve control of the symptoms. In response to the previous challenge, we introduce a computer aided diagnosis tool based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) to classify fundus images into one of the five stages of DR. The proposed CNN consists of a preprocessing stage, five stage convolutional, rectified linear and pooling layers followed by three fully connected layers. Transfer learning was adopted to minimize overfitting by training the model on a larger dataset of 3.2 million images (i.e. ImageNet) prior to the use of the model on the APTOS 2019 Kaggle DR dataset. The proposed approach has achieved a testing accuracy of 77% and a quadratic weighted kappa score of 78%, offering a promising solution for a successful early diagnose and staging of DR in an automated fashion.
Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine, 2nd Ed. (2004)

Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine, 2nd Ed., Willard W. Pulkrabek. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 2003. The new second edition internal combustion engine text by Professor Pulkrabek is an excellent undergraduate engineering text book. This book is well suited for a one semester senior level elective course on engines. It provides a broad introductory coverage of the relevant theory and practice surrounding spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) internal combustion engines. As appropriate, general descriptions of current engine technology (e.g., fuel injection practice) are also presented. This text covers the fundamental elements of SI and CI internal combustion engines. This includes operating characteristics, ideal cycles, thermochemistry, as well as details on the specific engine strokes: intake and fluid motion, combustion and exhaust processes. Additionally, the topics of heat transfer, emissions and friction/lubrication are presented in individual chapters. Numerous example problems are placed in the text and relevant problems (including design problems) at the end of each chapter will be useful for students. Pulkrabek’s text also includes numerous and frequent historical notes throughout the book. These notes are sure to create interest in both students and professionals who may use this text. A few examples of these historical notes include a discussion of how compression ratios have changed over the years, a description of when automobiles ran on charcoal, and ignition system history. These notes are a wonderful complement to the study of engine technology. For practicing engineers in the field of engines this text is likely to be less useful than Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals by J. B. Heywood (McGraw-Hill, 1988). Heywood’s text generally provides more detail on the engine topics covered by Pulkrabek as well as specific chapters on the properties of engine working fluids, widely used engine models (both physical and phenomenological), and detailed engine operating behavior. Pulkrabek’s text is targeted toward undergraduate students and thus, for example, discusses qualitatively the effects of engine operation on heat transfer but does not contain Heywood’s detailed analysis and data
[The isolation, subculture and identification of human adipose derived endothelial progenitor cells]. (2007)

To investigate the methods of isolating and identifying human adipose derived EPCs.The cells obtained from human lipoaspirates were plated on culture dishes coated with human fibronectin and were cultured in DMEM containing 2% FBS. Cells of passage 2 cultured in EGM-2 (2% FBS) served as the induced cells (experimental group), with cells cultured in DMEM (2% FBS) as the non-induced cells (control group) . Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of cell markers, including CD34, vWF and PECAM-1. FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorter) was used to quantitatively analyze the expression rate of cell markers (CD34, CD45, CD133 and PECAM-1). Fluorescence microscope was used to observe the function of taking up DiI-ac-LDL by the induced cells. To determine the ability of forming capillary-like structure in three-dimensional matrices, the induced cells were also cultured in methylcellulose.The induced cells of passage 2 exhibited cobblestone morphology, similar to that of the endothelial cells. In contrast, these morphological changes were not observed in non-induced cells. Immunofluorescence detected expression of vWF, PECAM-1 in induced cells and CD34 in non-induced cells. FACS analysis showed (67.41 +/- 13.35)% of the induced cells expressed PECAM-1 and (6.73 +/- 2.21)% of the non-induced cells expressed PECAM-1 (P < 0.01), while (72.39 +/- 13.45)% of the non-induced cells expressed CD34 and (16.06 +/- 3.86)% of the induced cells expressed CD34 (P < 0.01). Fluorescence microscopy observed the induced cells took up low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The formation of "branch-like" structure confirmed their functional activity.EPCs derived from human adipose may serve as another source of seeding cells for vascular tissue engineering.
<title>Multipurpose cw CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> autodyne lidar</title> (1996)

Laser monitoring of atmospheric and polluting gas concentrations in the atmosphere as well as laser detection and imaging are still need in sensitive and simple in design and operation lidar instruments especially in those which can perform the above both types of measurements simultaneously. Autodyne lidars appear to be quite candidate to this end. Reported are results of design of a laboratory prototype of cw CO2 multipurpose lidar based on suggested earlier approach performing the both tasks, i.e. for path gas analysis and remote determination of optical and dynamical characteristics of a retroreflector (distant mirror, aerosol layer or topographical target).© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Semiconductor based, high repetition rate mode-locked lasers for time and frequency based coherent communications and signal processing applications (2007)

Mode-locked laser designs for both time and frequency domain based applications are presented. It is shown that for strictly time domain applications, simple laser cavity designs can produce pulse trains at 10 GHz with sub-5 fs relative timing jitter (1 Hz-100 MHz) using only commercially available components. Frequency stabilized sources maintain low timing jitter while achieving 1MHz maximum frequency deviations for optical spectra consisting of ~200 10 GHz spaced frequencies. Methods of characterizing pulse-to-pulse timing jitter by examining the photodetected spectrum are reviewed. The effects of the phase noise of an rf source used to drive an actively mode-locked laser on the laser's amplitude and timing fluctuations is also discussed.
A fiber optic dual-beam laser Doppler vibrometer for measurement of electrostrictive and piezoactive response of thin films (1995)

A two-beam laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) is described, designed to measure the d33 electromechanical coupling coefficient for electrostrictive and piezoactive thin films. Optical fiber couplers are used to split the light into multiple beams and optical fibers are used to simultaneously illuminate the same spot on both sides of the film. The LDV measures the normal displacement on each side and the change in thickness of the film is determined from the algebraic sum of the two LDV signals. It is found that large bending motion of the film can lead to a significant error in the measured d33 coefficient. This is illustrated with data for PVF2 films and sources of this error are identified. The application of the LDV system to measure the large electrostrictive effect in polyurethane films is discussed. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
Achromatic Fourier transforming properties of a separated diffractive lens doublet: theory and experiment (1998)

The strong chromatic distortion associated with diffractive optical elements is fully exploited to achieve an achromatic optical Fourier transformation under broadband point-source illumination by means of an air-spaced diffractive lens doublet. An analysis of the system is carried out by use of the Fresnel diffraction theory, and the residual secondary spectrum (both axial and transversal) is evaluated. We recognize that the proposed optical architecture allows us to tune the scale factor of the achromatic Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the input by simply moving the diffracting screen along the optical axis of the system. The performance of our proposed optical setup is verified by several laboratory results.
NS4A regulates the ATPase activity of the NS3 helicase: a novel cofactor role of the non-structural protein NS4A from West Nile virus (2009)

Using constructs that encode the individual West Nile virus (WNV) NS3helicase (NS3hel) and NS3hel linked to the hydrophilic, N-terminal 1-50 sequence of NS4A, we demonstrated that the presence of NS4A allows NS3hel to conserve energy in the course of oligonucleotide substrate unwinding. Using NS4A mutants, we also determined that the C-terminal acidic EELPD/E motif of NS4A, which appears to be functionally similar to the acidic EFDEMEE motif of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS4A, is essential for regulating the ATPase activity of NS3hel. We concluded that, similar to HCV NS4A, NS4A of WNV acts as a cofactor for NS3hel and allows helicase to sustain the unwinding rate of the viral RNA under conditions of ATP deficiency.
Subsurface‐Controlled CO2 Selectivity of PdZn Near‐Surface Alloys in H2 Generation by Methanol Steam Reforming (2010)

More than skin deep: In spite of their identical 1:1 surface composition, the geometric and electronic structures of a multilayer and monolayer PdZn surface alloy are different, as are their catalytic selectivities. The CO2 selective multilayer alloy features surface ensembles of PdZn exhibiting a “Zn-up/Pd-down” corrugation (see picture). These act as “bifunctional” active sites both for water activation and for the conversion of methanol into CO2. On the monolayer alloy CO and not CO2 is produced.
Computing Triangulations without Small and Large Angles (2009)

We propose a heuristic method for computing Steiner triangulations without small and large angles. Given a two-dimensional domain, a minimum angle constraint alpha and a maximum angle constraint gamma, our methodcomputes a triangulation of the domain such that all angles are in the interval [alpha, gamma]. Previously known Steiner triangulation methods generally consider a lower bound alpha only, and claim a trivial upper bound (gamma = 180 - 2*alpha). Available software work for alpha as high as 34 degrees (implying a gamma value of 112 degrees), However, they fail consistently whenever larger alpha and/or smaller gamma values are desired.Experimental study shows that the proposed method works for alpha as high as 41 degrees, and gamma as low as 81 degrees. This is also the first software for computing high quality acute and non-obtuse triangulations of complex geometry.
General analytical treatment of the graded interfaces with negative-index nanocomposites (2009)

We investigate the electrodynamics of structures incorporating nanocomposites with negative dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability, the popular “left-handed metamaterials”. We obtain analytical solutions to the Helmholtz equation for gradient-index interfaces between the positive and negative index part. We derive expressions for the field intensity as well as for the transmission- and reflection-coefficients, assuming that the graded region across the interface is smaller than the operating wavelength. We then compare the analytical results with the numerical results obtained by the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM). The model allows for arbitrary frequency dependencies and lossy media.
The Emerging Role of Electronic Medical Records in Pharmacogenomics (2011)

Health-care information technology and genotyping technology are both advancing rapidly, creating new opportunities for medical and scientific discovery. The convergence of these two technologies is now facilitating genetic association studies of unprecedented size within the context of routine clinical care. As a result, the medical community will soon be presented with a number of novel opportunities to bring functional genomics to the bedside in the area of pharmacotherapy. By linking biological material to comprehensive medical records, large multi-institutional biobanks are now poised to advance the field of pharmacogenomics through three distinct mechanisms: (i) retrospective assessment of previously known findings in a clinical practice-based setting, (ii) discovery of new associations in huge observational cohorts, and (iii) prospective application in a setting capable of providing real-time decision support. This review explores each of these translational mechanisms within a historical framework.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Unbiased Metabolite Profiling Indicates That a Diminished Thymidine Pool Is the Underlying Mechanism of Colon Cancer Chemoprevention by Alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2 - PDF file 19K, Fig.S2. DFMO triggers an increase in HT-29 cells of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the essential cofactor for support of methionine regeneration from homocysteine. Identification of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was based on empirical formula assignment, considering accurate mass and MFG scores (see Methods) and neutral loss of glutamate due to in-source fragmentation. Relative quantification is based on measured ion intensities. Note that without DFMO treatment, detection of 5-methyltetraydrofolate was below the limit of quantification (*p &lt; 0.05)&lt;/p&gt;
Identification of an Intermediate Phase, Li1/2FeSO4F, Formed during Electrochemical Cycling of Tavorite LiFeSO4F (2014)

Many compounds adopting the tavorite-type crystal structure have attracted considerable attention as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries due to the favorable structural characteristics, facilitating promising electrochemical performance. Recent reports have highlighted the complex mechanism of lithium insertion/extraction in some of these compounds, such as the stabilization of intermediate phases in the LiFeSO4OH and LiVPO4F systems. In the case of tavorite LiFeSO4F, reported density functional theory (DFT) calculations have suggested the possibility of a similar behavior, but thus far, no experimental verification of such a process has, to the best of our knowledge, been successfully demonstrated. In this work, we investigate the structural evolution of LiFeSO4F upon extraction/insertion of lithium ions from/into the host framework. By thorough ex situ characterizations of chemically and electrochemically prepared LixFeSO4F-samples (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), we demonstrate the stabilization of an intermediate phase, Li1/2FeSO4F, for which one possible structural model is proposed. However, results indicating charge ordering on the iron-sites, suggesting the formation of a super structure with a larger unit cell, are also highlighted. Moreover, the degree of formation of Li1/2FeSO4F is shown to be highly dependent on the rate of lithium extraction as a result of an exceptionally small potential separation (∼15 mV during charging) of the two subsequently occurring biphasic processes, LiFeSO4F/Li1/2FeSO4F and Li1/2FeSO4F/FeSO4F. Finally, the intermediate phase is shown to be formed both on charge and discharge during battery cycling, even though an apparent asymmetrical electrochemical trace suggests the contrary.
A MID dipole antenna in LDS technology (2016)

Molded interconnect devices (MID) allow the realization of electronic circuits on injection molded thermoplastics. MID antennas can be manufactured as part of device casings without the need for additional printed circuit boards or attachment of antennas printed on foil. Baluns, matching networks, amplifiers and connectors can be placed on the polymer in the vicinity of the antenna. A MID dipole antenna for 1 GHz is designed, manufactured and measured. A prototype of the antenna is built with laser direct structuring (LDS) on a Xantar LDS 3720 substrate. Measured return loss and calibrated gain patterns are compared to simulation results.