gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building on Clay Soils which Undergo Volume Changes (1994)

Clay soils may swell when wetted and shrink when they dry out, hence giving rise to ground movements which, depending on their severity, can cause structural damage to buildings. Loss of moisture from soil is very much influenced by transpiration from plants which, in turn, exerts a control on the suction pressure developed in the soil. The development of soil suction leads to shrinkage of the soil. When vegetation is cleared from a site prior to it being developed, its desiccating influence is removed and so the soil may swell. Empirical methods, oedometer methods and soil suction methods have been used to predict the degree to which soils swell. However, the results obtained by different methods can differ significantly. Nonetheless such results and the evidence obtained from site investigations are used to help design foundations for buildings. These vary from reinforced strip footings to rafts and bored piles, depending on the likely severity of the resultant ground movements. The soil can also be stabilized, the most common agent used being lime. Many houses near Ladysmith, Natal, were damaged by movements of expansive soils. Extensive cracking was developed in the walls and floor slabs. The remedial measures involved underpinning, metal stitching of severe cracks, mortar filling of others and, in the more severe cases, the floor slabs had to be replaced.
Transparent and Light-Emitting Epoxy Super-Nanocomposites Containing ZnO-QDs/SiO2 Nanocomposite Particles as Encapsulating Materials for Solid-State Lighting (2008)

In this article, the ZnO quantum dots-SiO2 (Z-S) nanocomposite particles were first synthesized. Transparent Z-S/epoxy super-nanocomposites were then prepared by introducing calcined Z-S nanocomposite particles with a proper ratio of ZnO to SiO2 into a transparent epoxy matrix in terms of the filler-matrix refractive index matching principle. It was shown that the epoxy super-nanocomposites displayed intense luminescence with broad emission spectra. Moreover, the epoxy super-nanocomposites showed the interesting afterglow phenomenon with a long phosphorescence lifetime that was not observed for ZnO-QDs/epoxy nanocomposites. Finally, the transparent and light-emitting Z-S/epoxy super-nanocomposites were successfully employed as encapsulating materials for synthesis of highly bright LED lamps.
In situ hybridization analysis of rat lung alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) collagen gene expression in pulmonary fibrosis induced by endotracheal bleomycin injection. (1994)

The results indicate that in this rat fibrosis model, increased numbers of the interstitial cells with high expression of type I procollagen genes are derived primarily from the fibroblasts in the adventitia of bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, and adjacent blood vessels, as well as the submesothelial region. This then can result in further expansion to adjacent parenchyma and alveolar areas.
Deciphering the Enigmatic Face (2005)

Most studies investigating the recognition of facial expressions have focused on static displays of intense expressions. Consequently, researchers may have underestimated the importance of motion in deciphering the subtle expressions that permeate real-life situations. In two experiments, we examined the effect of motion on perception of subtle facial expressions and tested the hypotheses that motion improves affect judgment by (a) providing denser sampling of expressions, (b) providing dynamic information, (c) facilitating configural processing, and (d) enhancing the perception of change. Participants viewed faces depicting subtle facial expressions in four modes (single-static, multi-static, dynamic, and first-last). Experiment 1 demonstrated a robust effect of motion and suggested that this effect was due to the dynamic property of the expression. Experiment 2 showed that the beneficial effect of motion may be due more specifically to its role in perception of change. Together, these experiments demonstrated the importance of motion in identifying subtle facial expressions.
<title>Effect of ionizing radiations and thermal treatment on the infrared transmittance of polycrystal CsI</title> (1991)

The effect of thermal treatment and nuclear irradiation on the far infrared spectrum of polycrystal CsI was studied using pure and cerium doped crystals. Samples were exposed to neutrons and gamma radiation from a neutron activation tube. Thermal treatment was conducted in a 5.5 kilowatt furnace. Ionizing radiation caused significant infrared transmission losses at doses less than or equal to 1 MRad and the threshold wavelength of transmittance shifted to longer wavelengths. Transmission losses in cerium doped crystals were less than in pure crystals. Heat treatment also caused a significant reduction in transmittance. These results indicate that high temperature annealing will not decrease radiation damage.
Assessment of Web-Based Consumer Reviews as a Resource for Drug Performance (2015)

Web-based reviews can be viewed as an orthogonal source of information for consumers, physicians, and drug manufacturers to assess the performance of a drug. However, one should be cautious to rely solely on consumer reviews as ratings can be strongly influenced by the consumer experience.
Conducting Eye Tracking Studies in Software Engineering - Methodology and Pipeline (2023)

This ICSE 2023 technical briefing is on state-of-the-art techniques to conduct eye tracking studies in software engineering. It is organized as a hands-on 180-minute briefing broken up into two 85-minute modules with a short break in between. The first module will teach participants the terminology and theories needed to understand eye tracking. The second will engage participants in hands-on groupwork to collect and analyze eye tracking data through a software pipeline. Our goal is to help participants one-on-one learn how to get starting using eye tracking to support their own research goals. Our team has been working with eye tracking for over 15 years. The briefing will be targeted towards researchers, practitioners, and educators. Our eye tracking software infrastructure, iTrace, will be demonstrated in person with several state-of-the-art eye trackers. Eye tracking is gaining a lot of traction in the community. We want to use the ICSE platform to communicate the current state-of-the-art (including limitations and workarounds) in a highly interactive setting starting from the theory, data collection, and processing pipeline. Sample data and scripts will be made available.
Gallium nitride heterostructures on 3D structured silicon (2008)

We investigated GaN-based heterostructures grown on three-dimensionally patterned Si(111) substrates by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy, with the goal of fabricating well controlled high quality, defect reduced GaN-based nanoLEDs. The high aspect ratios of such pillars minimize the influence of the lattice mismatched substrate and improve the material quality. In contrast to other approaches, we employed deep etched silicon substrates to achieve a controlled pillar growth. For that a special low temperature inductively coupled plasma etching process has been developed. InGaN/GaN multi-quantum-well structures have been incorporated into the pillars. We found a pronounced dependence of the morphology of the GaN structures on the size and pitch of the pillars. Spatially resolved optical properties of the structures are analysed by cathodoluminescence.
Genetic characterization of the multidrug-resistant phenotype of VM-26-resistant human leukemic cells. (1989)

Our human T-cell leukemia line, CEM/VM-1, selected for resistance to VM-26 (teniposide), is cross-resistant to several drugs that interact with topoisomerase II, including VP-16 (etoposide), 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulphon-m-anisidide, daunorubicin, and mitoxantrone. However, in contrast to cell lines exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR) associated with overexpression of P-glycoprotein, this line is not cross-resistant to the Vinca alkaloids, is not impaired in drug accumulation, and does not overexpress the mdrl gene (Cancer Res., 47: 1297, 5455, 1987). More recently we found that nuclear extracts of these cells exhibit decreased topoisomerase II catalytic and cleavage activity, compared to the drug-sensitive line (Biochemistry, 1988). These results suggest that an alteration in topoisomerase II or a modulator of this enzyme may be responsible for this altered topoisomerase II-form of multidrug resistance (at-MDR). In the present work, we studied the somatic cell genetics of at-MDR. We produced hybrid cell lines by polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion of the CEM/VM-1 line with a hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase-deficient, ouabain-resistant CEM line (CEM.AG1.OU1.5) that exhibits VM-26 sensitivity. Ten of the hybrid lines that grew in selective medium were randomly chosen for expansion and four were analyzed for both DNA content by flow cytometry and VM-26 sensitivity in a 72-h growth inhibition assay. The hybrid lines all contained approximately 2x DNA compared to unfused controls, indicating that the fusions were successful. The IC50 for VM-26 in 3 of the 4 lines was the same as that of the sensitive controls, ranging from 4.7 to 7.4 x 10(-8) M, and another was 76 x 10(-8) M. These data indicate that drug sensitivity was reconstituted by the hybridization procedure. By comparison, the VM-26 IC50 values in the CEM/VM-1 cells and CEM/VM-1 x CEM/VM-1 control "fusions" were 360 and 750 x 10(-8) M, respectively. To determine whether a topoisomerase II-mediated function was reconstituted in the hybrids, we measured drug-stimulated DNA cleavage ("cleavable complex formation"). Using 32P-labeled pBR322 DNA as substrate with nuclear extracts from drug sensitive cells, 100 microM VM-26 maximally stimulated DNA cleavage by approximately 11-fold compared to no-drug controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Identification of a gene cluster encoding an arginine ATP-binding-cassette transporter in the genome of the thermophilic Gram-positive bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain DSMZ 13240 (2005)

A single gene cluster encoding components of a putative ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter for basic amino acids was identified in the incomplete genome sequence of the thermophilic Gram-positive bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus by blast searches. The cluster comprises three genes, and these were amplified from chromosomal DNA of G. stearothermophilus, ligated into plasmid vectors and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified solute-binding protein (designated ArtJ) was demonstrated to bind L-arginine with high affinity (Kd=0.39+/-0.06 microM). Competition experiments revealed only partial inhibition by excess L-lysine (38 %) and L-ornithine (46 %), while no inhibition was observed with L-histidine or other amino acids tested. The membrane-associated transport complex, composed of a permease (designated ArtM) and an ATPase component (designated ArtP), was solubilized from E. coli membranes by decanoylsucrose and purified by metal-affinity chromatography. The ArtMP complex, when incorporated into liposomes formed from a crude extract of G. stearothermophilus lipids, displayed ATPase activity in the presence of ArtJ only. Addition of L-arginine further stimulated the activity twofold. ATP hydrolysis was optimal at 60 degrees C and sensitive to the specific inhibitor vanadate. Analysis of kinetic parameters revealed a maximal velocity of ATP hydrolysis of 0.71 micromol Pi min(-1) (mg protein)(-1) and a Km(ATP) of 1.59 mM. Together, these results identify the ArtJMP complex as a high-affinity arginine ABC transporter.
The Adsorbed Layer of Gelatin on Silver Bromide—Its Nature and Photographic Significance (1980)

Gelatin macromolecule adsorbed to silver halide crystals may strongly influence the formation, sensitization and processing of photographic emulsions. Experimental measurement of the properties of the adsorbed layer by ellipsometry (reflection polarimetry) have studied the effects of variations in the pH, pAg and ionic strength of the ambient solution, the external lattice face of Agllr, and of solution concentration, extraction, degree of phthalation and molecular weight distribution of the gelatin. The apparent irreversibility of the adsorption and the on set of “secondary” or multilayer ad orption have also been examined.Recent ellipsometric and hydrodynamic measurements indicate that over a wide range of experimental condition, gelatin molecules are adsorbed a monolayers of random oils, which are laterally compres ed but are otherwise only moderately deformed compared with thc solution state. Only a fraction of the clement are adsorbed to the ilver halide urface, so that to a large extent changes in the dimensions of the adsorbed layer parallel those of the gelatin molecules in solution.The implications of such a relatively extended, heavily solvated adsorbed layer on the preparation and subsequent treatment of photographic emulsion are described with special reference to experimental studie of the colloid stability and crystal growth of the silver halides.The functions that are only matched by binders which have a imilar balance of harged groups, and therefore an expanded configuration in the adsorbed layer, are unhindered cry tal growth, colloid protection, a high speed/fog ratio, flocculation and redispersibility, latent image tability and filamentary silver formation.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of Human Placental Cord Blood CD34+AC133+ Stem Cells and Their Progeny (1999)

The AC133 is a novel antigen selectively expressed on primitive CD34bright stem cells and is a valuable marker for the selection of long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-ICs) and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-repopulating cells. Human placental cord blood (HPCB) is a rich source of CD34+AC133+ cells. Since AC133 antibody is likely to be used as an alternative to CD34 for the selection of stem cells in transplant and gene therapy situations, we examined the susceptibility of HPCB-isolated CD34+AC133+ stem cells to infection with free and cell-associated HIV-1 in vitro. Freshly isolated HPCB CD34+AC133+ stem cells were not susceptible to HIV-1 infection as determined by PCR and reverse transcriptase assays. Inoculation with HIV-1 did not affect the viability and clonogenic ability of HPCB CD34+AC133+ cells. Although the highly purified HPCB CD34+AC133+ stem cells contained mRNA for CD4 and CXCR4 receptors, CD4 and CXCR4 proteins were not expressed on these cells. Similarly, CCR5 protein, the major macrophage-tropic HIV-1 coreceptor, was not expressed in freshly isolated HPCB CD34+AC133+ stem cells, although the transcript for CCR5 was identified in these cells. Expression of CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5 receptor proteins on the progeny derived from HPCB CD34+AC133+ stem cells was detected and correlated with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in vitro. These findings suggest that freshly isolated HPCB CD34+AC133+ stem cells are not susceptible to HIV-1 infection and may not be a viral reservoir. These data have important implications for the use of AC133 antibody as a means of enriching for primitive hematopoietic stem cells from placental cord blood and in the design of stem cell or progenitor cell-based gene therapeutic strategies for perinatal HIV-1 infection.
Influence of several factors on the success or failure of removal of fractured instruments from the root canal (1999)

The influence of several factors on the success rate of removal procedures of fractured endodontic instruments was evaluated postoperatively. In 105 teeth with 113 fragments removal attempts were undertaken using a wide range of techniques and instruments. All cases were analyzed with special regard to the following factors: type of tooth and root canal, site of fragment in relation to root canal curvature, length of fragment, and type of fractured instrument. Success of treatment was defined as removal or complete bypassing of the fragment. Of 82 instruments in molars (maxillary: 32, mandibular: 50), 56 were removed or bypassed (max.: 26, mand.: 30). Of 16 fragments in premolars (max.: 12, mand.: 4), 8 could be removed or bypassed (max.: 6, mand.: 2). Of 14 fragments in canines and incisors (max.: 7, mand.: 7), 13 could be removed completely (max.: 6, mand.: 7). When the fragment was localized before the curvature 2 of 18 cases failed, when localized inside the curvature 13 of 31 cases failed and when localized beyond the curvature 15 of 33 cases failed. Anatomical factors favorable for removal were: straight canals, incisors and canines, localization before the curvature, length of fragment more than 5 mm, localization in the coronal or mesial third of the root canal, reamer or lentulo spirales. In molars removal procedures were most successful in the palatal canals of maxillary molars.
Metabolomic biomarkers in midtrimester maternal plasma can accurately predict the development of preeclampsia (2020)

Early identification of patients at risk of developing preeclampsia (PE) would allow providers to tailor their prenatal management and adopt preventive strategies, such as low-dose aspirin. Nevertheless, no mid-trimester biomarkers have as yet been proven useful for prediction of PE. This study investigates the ability of metabolomic biomarkers in mid-trimester maternal plasma to predict PE. A case-control study was conducted including 33 pregnant women with mid-trimester maternal plasma (gestational age [GA], 16-24 weeks) who subsequently developed PE and 66 GA-matched controls with normal outcomes (mid-trimester cohort). Plasma samples were comprehensively profiled for primary metabolic and lipidomic signatures based on gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF MS) and liquid chromatography Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-Orbitrap MS). A potential biomarker panel was computed based on binary logistic regression and evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. To evaluate whether this panel can be also used in late pregnancy, a retrospective cohort study was conducted using plasma collected from women who delivered in the late preterm period because of PE (n = 13) or other causes (n = 21) (at-delivery cohort). Metabolomic biomarkers were compared according to the indication for delivery. Performance of the metabolomic panel to identify patients with PE was compared also to a commonly used standard, the plasma soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor (sFlt-1/PlGF) ratio. In the mid-trimester cohort, a total of 329 metabolites were identified and semi-quantified in maternal plasma using GC-TOF MS and LC-Orbitrap-MS. Binary logistic regression analysis proposed a mid-trimester biomarker panel for the prediction of PE with five metabolites (SM C28:1, SM C30:1, LysoPC C19:0, LysoPE C20:0, propane-1,3-diol). This metabolomic model predicted PE better than PlGF (AUC [95% CI]: 0.868 [0.844-0.891] vs 0.604 [0.485-0.723]) and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio. Analysis of plasma from the at-delivery cohort confirmed the ability of this biomarker panel to distinguish PE from non-PE, with comparable discrimination power to that of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio. In conclusion, an integrative metabolomic biomarker panel in mid-trimester maternal plasma can accurately predict the development of PE and showed good discriminatory power in patients with PE at delivery.
Aipnet: Generative Adversarial Pre-Training of Accent-Invariant Networks for End-To-End Speech Recognition (2020)

As one of the major sources in speech variability, accents have posed a grand challenge to the robustness of speech recognition systems. In this paper, our goal is to build a unified end-to-end speech recognition system that generalizes well across accents. For this purpose, we propose a novel pre-training framework AIPNetbased on generative adversarial nets (GAN) for accent-invariant representation learning: Accent Invariant Pre-training Networks. We pre-train AIPNetto disentangle accent-invariant and accent-specific characteristics from acoustic features through adversarial training on accented data for which transcriptions are not necessarily available. We further fine-tune AIPNetby connecting the accent-invariant module with an attention-based encoder-decoder model for multi-accent speech recognition. In the experiments, our approach is compared against four baselines including both accent-dependent and accent-independent models. Experimental results on 9 English accents show that the proposed approach outperforms all the baselines by 2.3 ~ 4.5% relative reduction on average WER when transcriptions are available in all accents and by 1.6 ~ 6.1% relative reduction when transcriptions are only available in US accent.
Anion Design-Enabled High-Performance Cobalt-Based 3D Conductive Interlayers to Suppress the Shuttle Effect for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2022)

Recently, transition-metal compounds (TMCs) with unique adsorptive and catalytic properties have shown great promise in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries to inhibit the shuttle effect. However, current studies mostly focus on the morphology control of one specific TMC, while the relationship between the composition and performance is insufficiently revealed. Nevertheless, the polarity and catalytic activity are largely dependent on the components of TMCs, especially the anion species. Herein, we take Co–X (X = O, P, and S) compounds as example compounds and systematically investigate the compositional effects of Co–X compounds on their inhibition abilities for the shuttle effect. To conduct the investigation, CoS2, CoP, and Co3O4 flowers with identical morphologies and nanostructures were successfully grown on 3D conductive self-supporting carbon nanofibers (CNFs) via a facile electrospun method combined with post-heat treatment. When tested in Li–S batteries, the CoS2/CNF interlayer outperforms its phosphide and oxide counterparts, displaying the strongest adsorption ability and the highest catalytic activity toward polysulfides. Impressively, Li–S batteries coupled with CoS2/CNF interlayers exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance with a high specific capacity of 1115.2 mA h g–1 and enhanced cycling stability of 884.4 mA h g–1 after 200 cycles. We believe such an anion design strategy could open a new avenue for constructing high-performance Li–S batteries.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of C(13)/C(13′)‐Bis(desmethyl)disorazole Z** (2022)

We describe the total synthesis of the macrodiolide C(13)/C(13')-bis(desmethyl)disorazole Z through double inter-/intramolecular Stille cross-coupling of a monomeric vinyl stannane/vinyl iodide precursor to form the macrocycle. The key step in the synthesis of this precursor was a stereoselective aldol reaction of a formal Evans acetate aldol product with crotonaldehyde. As demonstrated by X-ray crystallography, the binding mode of C(13)/C(13')-bis(desmethyl)disorazole Z to tubulin is virtually identical with that of the natural product disorazole Z. Likewise, C(13)/C(13')-bis(desmethyl)disorazole Z inhibits tubulin assembly with at least the same potency as disorazole Z and it appears to be a more potent cell growth inhibitor.