gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NEIGHBORHOOD TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT - CITY OF LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA (1997)

In December of 1991, the Long Beach City Council adopted a revised Transportation Element of the City's General Plan which focused, among other issues, on intrusion by commuter traffic onto neighborhood streets. In an effort to implement some of the provisions of this Transportation Element, the City, through its Engineering Public Works and Planning Departments, identified 23 separate and definable neighborhoods for the preparation of Neighborhood Traffic Management Plans. The Engineering Public Works Department, responding to the need to conduct studies and prepare plans in 23 separate areas of the City, elected to use a consultant to complete this massive assignment. Going through the Request for Proposal process, the City selected Willdan Associates, teamed with Austin-Foust Associates, Meyer-Mohaddes Associates, Wil-tec, Inc., and Traffic Data Services, Inc., to conduct the studies and prepare these plans. The challenge was to complete studies, develop consensus within each neighborhood, and secure City Council approval of the plans within 1 year. A team of 10 highly-qualified traffic engineers was assembled from the consulting firms. Each member was assigned between one and three areas to conduct the individual studies. It was clear to all concerned that the study areas would have to be done concurrently in order to meet the 1-year deadline. This paper addresses the following: Brief history of the Transportation Element; City's dilemma, conducting a project of this size with City staff; City staff versus consultants; The reasoning behind doing 23 neighborhoods concurrently; Putting the consultant team together; Organizing the kick-off meetings (a total of 65,000 households were contacted); Conduct the kick-off meetings; Creation of steering committees from the neighborhoods; Conduct of the study with assistance of steering committees; Monthly progress meetings with consultant and City staff; Development of recommendations; Committee member actually involved in data collection; Consensus building; Presentation to City Council; Implementation (beyond 1 year and ongoing); and Lessons learned. The project represented one of the most comprehensive and largest neighborhood traffic management efforts known to any of the involved parties. The information should be interesting and valuable to anyone involved in City Traffic Engineering issues.
The clinical usefulness of urinary N1,N12-diacetylspermine (DiAcSpm) levels as a tumor marker in patients with colorectal cancer (2012)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of urinary N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine (DiAcSpm) measured by the colloidal gold aggregation method as a tumor marker for colorectal cancer (CRC). The preoperative urine of 113 CRC patients was collected, and the urinary DiAcSpm was measured by a reagent kit for DiAcSpm determination based on colloidal gold aggregation using automatic biochemical analyzers. The urinary DiAcSpm levels significantly correlated with distant metastasis and Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage. The positive rates of urinary DiAcSpm were significantly higher than those of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in stages 0+I, II, III and IV. The positive rates of urinary DiAcSpm were also significantly higher than those of serum CEA or CA19-9 in the early and advanced CRC groups according to the Japan Classification of Colorectal Cancer. Therefore, urinary DiAcSpm, measured by a reagent kit for DiAcSpm determination based on colloidal gold aggregation, may be useful as a non-invasive tumor marker in patients with CRC.
Market-stressed Cattle of a Shipping Fever Epizootic in a Texas Feedlot Have a High Infection Rate with Respiratory Bovine Coronaviruses (1998)

Shipping fever (SF) of cattle results from stressful conditions favoring viral and bacterial infections of respiratory tracts that lead to severe respiratory distress with frequent fatal outcomes. The incidence and spread of respiratory viral infections of cattle developing SF were analyzed by a refined and sensitive virus isolation technology that detects all viruses known to infect bovine respiratory tracts, including respiratory bovine coronaviruses (RBCV) which multiply in highly polarized epitheloid cells such as the G clone of HRT-18 cells in culture.
Disruption of the HIV-1 Envelope allosteric network blocks CD4-induced rearrangements (2019)

Abstract The trimeric HIV-1 Envelope protein (Env) mediates viral-host cell fusion via a network of conformational transitions, with allosteric elements in each protomer orchestrating host receptor-induced exposure of the co-receptor binding site and fusion elements. To understand the molecular details of this allostery, we introduced Env mutations aimed to prevent CD4-induced rearrangements in the HIV-1 BG505 Env trimer. Binding analysis performed on the soluble ectodomain BG505 SOSIP Env trimers, cell-surface expressed BG505 full-length trimers and single-molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) performed on the full-length virion-bound Env confirmed that these mutations prevented CD4-induced transitions of the HIV-1 Env. Structural analysis by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy performed on the BG505 SOSIP mutant Env proteins revealed rearrangements in the gp120 topological layer contacts with gp41. Specifically, a conserved tryptophan at position 571 (W571) was displaced from its typical pocket at the interface of gp120 topological layers 1 and 2 by lysine 567, disrupting key gp120-gp41 contacts and rendering the Env insensitive to CD4 binding. Vector based analysis of closed Env SOSIP structures revealed the newly designed trimers exhibited a quaternary structure distinct from that typical of SOSIPs and residing near a cluster of Env trimers bound to vaccine-induced fusion peptide-directed antibodies (vFP Mabs). These results reveal the critical function of W571 as a conformational switch in Env allostery and receptor-mediated viral entry and provide insights on Env conformation that are relevant for vaccine design.
ABSTRACT 597 (2014)

Background and aims: Pediatric sepsis has a high mortality rate in resource-limited settings. Treatment is frequently complicated by malnutrition and fluid overload. At the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, mortality in septic, severely malnourished children is ~60%, prompting implementation of a pediatric sepsis protocol in 2010. Aims: (1) Demonstrate that a pediatric sepsis protocol in this resource-limited setting can improve outcomes, and (2) demonstrate that malnutrition duration and severity are independent risk factors for poor outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of children 1–59 months with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock admitted from 10/25/2009–10/25/2011. The primary outcome is mortality rate pre- and post-protocol implementation. Secondary outcomes include fluid overload, heart failure, need for respiratory support, length of ICU stay, and length of hospital stay. Data analysis includes a logistic regression model and Fisher’s Exact Test. Protocol compliance was assessed by antibiotic administration within one hour of admission. Results: 328 patients were included (143 pre-,185 post-protocol). Pre- and post-protocol mortality and antibiotic administration were similar and not statistically significant (32.17% vs. 34.59%, p=.72; 16.08% vs. 12.43%, p=.42, respectively). Clinical outcomes, stratification by degree of malnutrition and subgroup analyses are underway. Conclusions: A pediatric sepsis protocol did not improve survival during the study period. Similar rates of early antibiotic administration suggest poor protocol compliance. Though evidenced-based protocols are a potential cost-efficient strategy to improve outcomes, the effectiveness of a pediatric sepsis protocol has yet to be demonstrated in the developing world. Future studies should focus on optimal implementation of a sepsis protocol in resource-limited settings.
On Optimal Charger Positioning in Clustered RF-power Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks (2016)

Wireless charging brings forward some new principles in designing energy efficient networks. A number of energy transmitters are placed in all over the network to recharge power constrained nodes. Since a few only nodes can remarkably benefit from the transmitter power emission, we organize the nodes in clusters and we propose an efficient localized algorithm as well as a centralized one to compute the charger position such that the cluster lifetime is maximized. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the approaches.
Transcription Factors in Cancer Stem Cells of the Hematopoietic Lineage (2009)

Hematopoietic transcription factors play a crucial role in the proliferation and commitment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and during the differentiation into their mature progeny. Genetic evidence suggests that perturbance of the function of critical transcription factors can result in increased HSC self-renewal, deregulated proliferation, and a block in differentiation, ultimately leading to acute leukemia. The leukemia-initiating cells have been isolated to near homogeneity, and gene expression arrays of these cells have revealed both similarities and disparities between leukemic stem and progenitor cells and their normal counterparts. Most striking was the finding that the leukemia-initiating cells found in AML can resemble HSCs or committed progenitor cells. These studies have also shown that disruption of the function of single transcription factors can induce acute leukemia in mice. Moreover, dysfunction of these factors has been described in human leukemias, and their functional restoration may lead to the eradication of malignant stem cells.
Geometry and Investigation of Klingelnberg-Type Worm Gear Drive (2006)

The computerized design, generation, and tooth contact analysis of a Klingelnberg-type cylindrical worm gear drive is considered wherein localization of contact is obtained by application of an oversized hob and mismatch geometries of hob and worm of the drive. A computerized approach for the determination of contacting surfaces and the investigation of their meshing and contact by tooth contact analysis is presented. The developed theory results in an improvement of bearing contact and reduction of sensitivity to misalignment. The theory is illustrated with numerical examples and may be applied for other types of cylindrical worm gear drives.
Temperature measurements of metal lines under current stress by high-resolution laser probing (1999)

Accelerated reliability tests of aluminum interconnections with respect to electromigration are often performed by high current density stressing of particular structures designed to promote failures of this kind. In order to derive predictions of the interconnect lifetime under normal operating conditions, it is essential to know the temperature of the test structure when high current-density stressing conditions are applied. In this paper, we present the first experimental temperature measurements with two high spatial resolution laser probes of metal lines. The two optical probes provide an indirect access to the temperature of the metal line. The calibration of the probes for temperature measurements is performed by comparison to electrical temperature measurements. The probes have a lateral resolution of 1 /spl mu/m. Two types of test structures, used in accelerated electromigration analysis, are studied. The measurements are compared with two theoretical simulations. Good agreement is obtained only when a particular value of the thermal conductivity of the submicrometer oxide insulation layer of the metal line is used. This is not surprising, since the thermal properties of submicrometer layers are size dependant. Our experimental method provides an elegant way to determine these parameters.
Starting geometry creation and design method for freeform optics (2018)

We describe a method for designing freeform optics based on the aberration theory of freeform surfaces that guides the development of a taxonomy of starting-point geometries with an emphasis on manufacturability. An unconventional approach to the optimization of these starting designs wherein the rotationally invariant 3rd-order aberrations are left uncorrected prior to unobscuring the system is shown to be effective. The optimal starting-point geometry is created for an F/3, 200 mm aperture-class three-mirror imager and is fully optimized using a novel step-by-step method over a 4 × 4 degree field-of-view to exemplify the design method. We then optimize an alternative starting-point geometry that is common in the literature but was quantified here as a sub-optimal candidate for optimization with freeform surfaces. A comparison of the optimized geometries shows the performance of the optimal geometry is at least 16× better, which underscores the importance of the geometry when designing freeform optics.
Neutrophil-dependent goblet cell degranulation: role of membrane-bound elastase and adhesion molecules (1998)

We examined the effect of the neutrophil chemoattractants interleukin (IL)-8 and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine on goblet cell (GC) degranulation in guinea pigs. Chemoattractants caused time-dependent neutrophil recruitment and GC degranulation in vivo. NPC 15669 (an inhibitor of leukocyte infiltration) prevented both responses, implicating neutrophils. ICI 200,355 (an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase and proteinase-3) or secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (an inhibitor of elastase but not of proteinase-3) abolished IL-8-induced GC degranulation, implicating elastase. Incubating tracheal segments with IL-8 plus neutrophils caused GC degranulation in vitro, an effect due to activation of the neutrophils themselves (and not an effect present in the supernatant). Chemoattractant increased surface staining of elastase and the cleavage of elastase-specific fluorogenic substrate by neutrophils. Pretreatment with anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1, anti-CD18, or anti-CD11b antibody inhibited the chemoattractant-induced GC degranulation in vitro, implicating adhesion molecules. These studies suggest that chemoattractants cause neutrophil-dependent GC degranulation involving adhesive interactions between cells, with elastase activity occurring at the cell interface, causing GC secretion. The findings, reproduced in human airways, suggest novel methods of therapeutic intervention.
Development of a portable, distance-based paper analytical sensor for carbonate detection. (2023)

Development of a portable, distance-based paper analytical sensor for carbonate detection.&amp;#160;Zakia Tebetyo1, Samantha Richardson1, Leigh Madden2, Mark Lorch1, Nicole Pamme1,31Schoolof Natural Sciences, University of Hull. 2 Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK3Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SwedenIn this study we transferred a laboratory-based titration reaction for carbonate determination onto a portable paper-based analytical device (PAD). The carbonate quantity can be read out by measuring the distance of a colour change along a paper-based reaction channel. Device dimensions and detection reagent constituents were optimized to enable detection of carbonate ions in the range of 0 &amp;#8211; 1000 mg L-1. The PAD featured a reaction channel in hydrophilic filter paper defined by a hydrophobic wax barrier. The detection reagent consisted of citric acid/citrate buffer (0.5 M, pH 2.5), bromocresol green (BCG) indicator (0.10% w/v) and PDADMAC (5.0 % v/v) dissolved in 20% ethanol. The base of the device was sealed with tape to prevent reagents leaking. Sixty microlitres of carbonate sample were added to the base of the channel and the liquid was allowed to wick up the channel. Colour development occurred as the carbonate ions reacted with the hydronium ions in the detection reagent resulting in a colour change of the BCG indicator from yellow to blue.To optimise the reaction channel, two dimensions were compared, 1 mm x 30 mm and 2 mm x 30 mm. The device with the wider channel gave a higher colour intensity between carbonate concentrations 0 &amp;#8211; 200 mg L-1. In this range the sensor gave a linear response. The effect of filter paper pore size was investigated to study wicking time. Whatman 4 paper (pore size 23 &amp;#181;m) had a six times faster wicking rate of 7 min compared to Whatman 1 (11 &amp;#181;m) with 42 min. Reproducibility studies (100, 200, 400, 500, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm carbonate, n = 6) gave a maximum RSD of 2.4% showing consistency across the range of samples tested. Interference tests were conducted with 500 ppm &amp;#160;with additional environmentally occurring ions, i.e. 250 ppm , 250 ppm &amp;#160;or 50 ppm of &amp;#160;(F=1.924&lt;Fcrit=3.411, no significant difference). There was no significant interference found from these ions.Future work will focus on packaging and sealing the devices for on-site use, benchmarking with real environmental samples and in-the-field use with by minimally trained personnel.
Maximizing Ag Utilization in High-Rate CO2 Electrochemical Reduction with a Coordination Polymer-Mediated Gas Diffusion Electrode (2019)

We report the preparation and electrocatalytic performance of silver-containing gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) derived from a silver coordination polymer (Ag-CP). Layer-by-layer growth of the Ag-CP onto porous supports was applied to control Ag loading. Subsequent electro-decomposition of the Ag-CP resulted in highly selective and efficient CO2-to-CO GDEs in aqueous CO2 electroreduction. Afterward, the metal–organic framework (MOF)-mediated approach was transferred to a gas-fed flow electrolyzer for high current density tests. The in situ formed GDE, with a low silver loading of 0.2 mg cm–2, showed a peak performance of jCO ≈ 385 mA cm–2 at around −1.0 V vs RHE and stable operation with high FECO (>96%) at jTotal = 300 mA cm–2 over a 4 h run. These results demonstrate that the MOF-mediated approach offers a facile route for manufacturing uniformly dispersed Ag catalysts for CO2 electrochemical reduction by eliminating ill-defined deposition steps (drop-casting, etc.) while allowing control of the catalyst structure through self-assembly.
[3+2] Dipolar Cycloaddition of a Stabilized Azomethine Ylide and an Electron-Deficient Dipolarophile: Revision of Regioselectivity (2023)

The regioselectivity of a [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition reaction of a stabilized azomethine ylide with an electron-deficient dipolarophile was found to be counter to a report published in this journal.
Solvent-Mediated Nonoriented Self-Aggregation Transformation: A Case Study of Gabapentin (2017)

A good powder performance is one of the essential targets for gabapentin (GBP). However, the low bulk density and flowability of GBP are still the industrial problems in practical production. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the phase transformation of GBP from form I to form II in methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and ethyl acetate and improve the powder properties. The results suggested that there are two kinds of phase transformation mechanisms of GBP. One is the classic solvent-mediated transformation in alcohols, and the other is the solvent-mediated nonoriented self-aggregation transformation in other solvents, which is proposed for the first time. On account of the low water activity and solubility, there is a self-cleaving phenomenon caused by the dehydration in the form I particles, and then the unstable phase transforms into form II, but the growth of the stable form is confined by the size and shape of the initial metastable particle and the products are aggregates. These aggregates with a well-defined shape and size have good performance in the dissolution rate with improved bioavailability.
Gene Therapy for Tissue Engineering (2013)

Tissue engineering applies the principles and methods of engineering and life sciences toward the development of tissue substitutes to restore, maintain, or improve tissue function.1-3 e eld of tissue engineering is motivated by the tremendous need for transplantation of human tissue. Engineered tissues can also be used as realistic biological models to obtain fundamental understanding of the structure-function relationships under normal and disease conditions and as toxicological models to facilitate drug development and testing.
Changes in the morphology of bulk spherulitic nylon 6 due to plastic deformation (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChanges in the morphology of bulk spherulitic nylon 6 due to plastic deformationA. Galeski, A. S. Argon, and Robert E. CohenCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 9, 2761–2770Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00187a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00187a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views643Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Shared Resistance to Aging and ALS in Neuromuscular Junctions of Specific Muscles (2012)

Normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases both lead to structural and functional alterations in synapses. Comparison of synapses that are generally similar but respond differently to insults could provide the basis for discovering mechanisms that underlie susceptibility or resistance to damage. Here, we analyzed skeletal neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in 16 mouse muscles to seek such differences. We find that muscles respond in one of three ways to aging. In some, including most limb and trunk muscles, age-related alterations to NMJs are progressive and extensive during the second postnatal year. NMJs in other muscles, such as extraocular muscles, are strikingly resistant to change. A third set of muscles, including several muscles of facial expression and the external anal sphinter, succumb to aging but not until the third postnatal year. We asked whether susceptible and resistant muscles differed in rostrocaudal or proximodistal position, source of innervation, motor unit size, or fiber type composition. Of these factors, muscle innervation by brainstem motor neurons correlated best with resistance to age-related decline. Finally, we compared synaptic alterations in normally aging muscles to those in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Patterns of resistance and susceptibility were strikingly correlated in the two conditions. Moreover, damage to NMJs in aged muscles correlated with altered expression and distribution of CRMP4a and TDP-43, which are both altered in motor neurons affected by ALS. Together, these results reveal novel structural, regional and molecular parallels between aging and ALS.
Introduction to special section on high-level design, validation, and test (2008)

No abstract available.