gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Lubrication for Energy Efficiency, Durability and Lower Maintenance Costs of Advanced Naval Components and Systems (2010)

Abstract : In boundary lubrication, spacing of mating surfaces in direct physical contact is in the scale of surface asperities. These conditions may benefit from the nanoscale dimension of the advanced nanoparticle lubricants in the following ways: (1) by supplying nano to sub-micron size lubricating agents which reduce friction and wear at the asperity contact zone, (2) by enabling strong metal adsorption and easy wetting, (3) by reacting with the surface to form durable lubricating ?transient transfer? films, sustain high loads and also retain under high temperatures, and (4) by enabling all these at minimal cost and great environmental safety. These materials specifically designed on antiwear and extreme pressure chemistries can significantly lower the sulfur and phosphorus level in the lubricant additive, and therefore provide environmental benefits. The project encompasses a detailed investigation of advanced nanolubricants (NanoGlide(registered trademark)) that favorably impact robust boundary film formation to reduce wear and friction. These active nanolubricant additives are designed as surface-stabilized nanomaterials that are dispersed in a hydrocarbon media for maximum effectiveness. This effort is focused on developing active nanoparticle composites, optimize process design, physical and chemical characterization of nanomaterials, detailed tribological film characterization, and tribological testing to document friction and wear improvements.
Data from Racial Variation in Breast Tumor Promoter Methylation in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; African American (AA) women are diagnosed with more advanced breast cancers and have worse survival than white women, but a comprehensive understanding of the basis for this disparity remains unclear. Analysis of DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism that can regulate gene expression, could help to explain racial differences in breast tumor clinical biology and outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; DNA methylation was evaluated at 1,287 CpGs in the promoters of cancer-related genes in 517 breast tumors of AA (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 216) or non-AA (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 301) cases in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Multivariable linear regression analysis of all tumors, controlling for age, menopausal status, stage, intrinsic subtype, and multiple comparisons [false discovery rate (FDR)], identified seven CpG probes that showed significant (adjusted &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) differential methylation between AAs and non-AAs. Stratified analyses detected an additional four CpG probes differing by race within hormone receptor–negative (HR&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;) tumors. Genes differentially methylated by race included &lt;i&gt;DSC2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;KCNK4&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;GSTM1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;AXL&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;DNAJC15&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;HBII-52&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;TUSC3&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;TES&lt;/i&gt;; the methylation state of several of these genes may be associated with worse survival in AAs. TCGA breast tumor data confirmed the differential methylation by race and negative correlations with expression for most of these genes. Several loci also showed racial differences in methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from CBCS cases, indicating that these variations were not necessarily tumor-specific.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Racial differences in the methylation of cancer-related genes are detectable in both tumors and PBLs from breast cancer cases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Impact:&lt;/b&gt; Epigenetic variation could contribute to differences in breast tumor development and outcomes between AAs and non-AAs. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(6); 921–30. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The inhibition of immune haemolysis by salicylaldoxime. (1959)

It has been shown that haemolysis of sheep erythrocytes by antibody and either guinea pig or human complement is inhibited by salicylaldoxime (0-hydroxybenzaldoxime.) Salicylaldoxime differs in its action on immune haemolysis from such previously described inhibitors as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and diisopropylfluorophosphate in that it specifically inhibits the reaction between the intermediate complex EAC′(1,4,2) and C′(3). The inhibition does not appear to be reversible by divalent cations. To be effective the inhibitor must be present during the course of the reaction, since haemolysis proceeds unimpaired if the inhibitor is added to complement and removed by dialysis, or if added to either red cells or EAC′(1,4,2) and removed by centrifugation. The experimental evidence suggests that salicylaldoxime acts by preventing the effective combination of C′(3) with EAC′(1,4,2), and not by the destruction of C′(3).
Superconductors with charge- and spin-density waves: theory and experiment (Review) (2000)

The properties of existing superconductors with ejectron spectrum instabilities, namely charge-density waves (CDWs) and spin-density waves (SDWs), are reviewed. In such substances the superconducting gap exists over the whole Fermi surface, whereas the dielectric gap emerges only on its nested sections. In particular, CDW superconductors include layered dichalcogenides, NbSe3, compounds with the A15 and C15 structures, etc. There is a lot of evidence that high-Tc oxides also belong to this group of materials. SDW superconductors include, e.g., URu2Si2 and related heavy-fermion compounds, Cr–Re alloys and organic superconductors. The theoretical description given in this review is based mostly on the Bilbro-McMillan model of the partially dielectrized metal. Various thermodynamic and electrodynamic properties are calculated in the framework of this model. The main subject of the review is the nonstationary Josephson effect in tunnel junctions involving CDW or SDW superconductors. A new effect of symmetry breaking in symmetrical tunnel junctions is predicted by the authors. A comparison with experiment is given.
The Na+/Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitor Canagliflozin Activates AMPK by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Function and Increasing Cellular AMP Levels (2016)

Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin, all recently approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes, were derived from the natural product phlorizin. They reduce hyperglycemia by inhibiting glucose reuptake by sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 in the kidney, without affecting intestinal glucose uptake by SGLT1. We now report that canagliflozin also activates AMPK, an effect also seen with phloretin (the aglycone breakdown product of phlorizin), but not to any significant extent with dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, or phlorizin. AMPK activation occurred at canagliflozin concentrations measured in human plasma in clinical trials and was caused by inhibition of Complex I of the respiratory chain, leading to increases in cellular AMP or ADP. Although canagliflozin also inhibited cellular glucose uptake independently of SGLT2, this did not account for AMPK activation. Canagliflozin also inhibited lipid synthesis, an effect that was absent in AMPK knockout cells and that required phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) 1 and/or ACC2 at the AMPK sites. Oral administration of canagliflozin activated AMPK in mouse liver, although not in muscle, adipose tissue, or spleen. Because phosphorylation of ACC by AMPK is known to lower liver lipid content, these data suggest a potential additional benefit of canagliflozin therapy compared with other SGLT2 inhibitors.
Role of Ga3+ in SrTiO3:Pr,Ga Phosphor Studied through Its Aging Behavior under Low-Dose Electron Irradiation (2001)

We have studied the role of Ga 3+ ions in SrTiO 3 :Pr,Ga phosphor throuth its aging behavior. At the early stage of electron irradiation with a charge dose rate of 100 µC/cm 2 per second, the cathodoluminescence (CL) intensity of SrTiO 3 :Pr,Ga phosphor drops. On the other hand, it is found that SrTiO 3 :Pr,Ga phosphor shows different aging characteristics from SrTiO 3 :Pr as the electron irradiation proceeds. However, from a reduced beam current density irradiation with a charge dose rate of 1.2 µC/cm 2 per second, it is determined that the Ga 3+ ion acts as a hole-keeping center and increases the luminescence by providing a hole to the activator Pr 3+ ion in the luminescence process.
Central and Deep Renal Tumors Can Be Effectively Ablated: Radiofrequency Ablation Outcomes with Fiberoptic Peripheral Temperature Monitoring (2008)

RFA with peripheral fiberoptic temperature monitoring provides a definitive management end point. Inadequate coverage of the tumor volume is immediately recognized in real time, which allows necessary treatment adjustments to be made. "Enhanced" RFA with peripheral temperature monitoring resulted in an improved single treatment success rate and boosted operator confidence in the management of endophytic, central, or hilar renal tumors.
Increased lipid peroxidation and impaired antioxidant enzyme function is associated with pathological liver injury in experimental alcoholic liver disease in rats fed diets high in corn oil and fish oil (1998)

Increased hepatic oxidative stress with ethanol administration is hypothesized to be caused either by enhanced pro-oxidant production or decreased levels of antioxidants or both. We used the intragastric feeding rat model to assess the relationship between hepatic antioxidant enzymes and pathological liver injury in animals fed different dietary fats. Male Wistar rats (5 per group) were fed ethanol with either medium-chain triglycerides (MCTE), palm oil (PE), corn oil (CE), or fish oil (FE). Control animals were fed isocaloric amounts of dextrose instead of ethanol with the same diets. The following were evaluated in each group: liver pathology, lipid peroxidation, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) levels, copper-zinc SOD (CuZnSOD) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels, and catalase (CAT) levels. All enzymes were evaluated using activity assays and immunoblots. Rats fed FE showed the most severe pathology (fatty liver, necrosis, and inflammation), those fed CE showed moderate changes, those fed PE showed fatty liver only, and those fed MCTE were normal. Parameters indicative of lipid peroxidation (conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) were also greater in rat livers from animals fed the diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (CE and FE). CuZnSOD, GPX, and CAT activities showed an inverse correlation (r=-.92, P < .01) with severity of pathological injury, with the lowest levels for both enzymes found in FE-fed rats. Decreased enzyme activity in CE- and FE-fed rats was accompanied by similar decreases in immunoreactive protein. Ethanol administration did not cause significant decreases in enzyme activity in groups that showed no necroinflammatory changes (MCTE and PE). MnSOD activity showed no significant change in any ethanol-fed group. Our results show that decreases in CuZnSOD, GPX, and CAT occur in rats showing pathological liver injury and also having the highest levels of lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that feeding dietary substrates that enhance lipid peroxidation can exacerbate both ethanol-induced oxidative damage as well as necroinflammatory changes. The decrease in activity of antioxidant enzymes observed in animals fed diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and ethanol could possibly increase the susceptibility to oxidative damage and further contribute to ethanol-induced liver injury.
Monitoring-Tree: An Innovative Technique for Failure Localization in WDM Translucent Networks (2010)

Because of the very high optical fiber's capacity, prompt and unambiguous fiber cut detection is mandatory to guarantee carriers' network survivability. In this matter, the monitoring-cycle and the monitoring-trail mechanisms have been proposed in the recent literature. In this paper, we propose the innovative concept of monitoring-tree that enables to reduce considerably the monitoring cost while keeping unambiguous single fiber cut detection and localization. We propose an ILP formulation aiming at mapping a monitoring-tree onto a mesh topology. Applied to real networks, we show that our approach outperforms its counterparts.
The Effect of Sodium in Activity Enhancement of Nano-sized Pt/CeO2Catalyst for Water Gas Shift Reaction at Low Temperature (2011)

Water gas shift reaction (WGS) is a key step in H2 production for fuel cell application. Pt/CeO2 is one of the most studied catalysts in WGS. The Pt/CeO2 catalysts are known to be bi-functional; in which both nano-sized Pt metal and CeO2 supports adsorb and activate CO and H2O respectively. The activity/stability of Pt/CeO2 catalysts strongly depends on the presence of oxidized species of Pt formed at the surface. Recently, Zhai et al. reported that alkali ions (sodium and potassium) added in small amounts activate platinum adsorbed on irreducible supports such as alumina and silica for low temperature WGS. The alkali ion-associated surface OH groups are activated by CO at low temperature in the presence of atomically dispersed Pt. It is also known that the nano-sized CeO2 with hydroxyl species in contact with nano-sized platinum is able to stabilize these species to limited extent; which are known to be active species for WGS. In this study, we have demonstrated sodium has a beneficial effect on stabilizing only oxidized species of Pt at the surface, resulting in the improvement of the activity of Pt/CeO2 catalyst for WGS at low temperature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that oxidized species of Pt are stabilized by Na in Pt/CeO2, which is confirmed by TPR. The nano-sized CeO2 with high surface area ~117 m /g was prepared from Ce(NO3)3·6H2O and 15% solution of KOH by a simple protocol without using any template by a simultaneous precipitation/digestion technique described earlier by our group. Pt/CeO2 catalyst was prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method with Pt(NH3)4(NO3)2 (99%, Aldrich). The amount of Pt loading was fixed at 1 wt %. Pt-Na/CeO2 catalyst was prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method with aqueous NaNO3 (99%, Duksan) and Pt(NH3)4(NO3)2 (99%, Aldrich) at the same time. The amount of sodium loading was fixed at 2%. The prepared catalysts were calcined at 500 C for 6 h. Activity tests were carried out from 200 to 320 C at 1 atm in a fixedbed micro-tubular quartz reactor. CO2 selectivity is defined as follows: CO2 selectivity = CO2 formed/CO converted. Table 1 describes the characteristics of Pt-Na/CeO2 and Pt/CeO2 catalysts. The addition of sodium in Pt/CeO2 catalyst
Telecommunication wavelength confined Tamm plasmon structures containing InAs/GaAs quantum dot emitters at room temperature (2019)

We experimentally demonstrate gold microdisc structures that produce confined Tamm plasmons (CTPs)--- interface modes between a metal layer and a distributed Bragg reflector--- resonant around 1.3 \ensuremath{\mu}m. Quantum dots grown within the structures show an order of magnitude increase in the photoluminescence emitted at room temperature. Varying the disc diameter, we show spectral tuning of the resonance and measure the dispersion relation as evidence of mode confinement. The simplicity of fabrication and tuneability of these structures make CTPs an ideal platform for making scalable telecom devices based on quantum dots.
Self-Adaptable Tropos Catalysts (2021)

Biological systems have often served as inspiration for the design of synthetic catalysts. The lock and key analogy put forward by Emil Fischer in 1894 to explain the high substrate specificity of enzymes has been used as a general guiding principle aimed at enhancing the selectivity of chemical processes by optimizing attractive and repulsive interactions in molecular recognition events. However, although a perfect fit of a substrate to a catalytic site may enhance the selectivity of a specific catalytic reaction, it inevitably leads to a narrow substrate scope, excluding substrates with different sizes and shapes from efficient binding. An ideal catalyst should instead be able to accommodate a wide range of substrates-it has indeed been recognized that enzymes also are often highly promiscuous as a result of their ability to change their conformation and shape in response to a substrate-and preferentially be useful in various types of processes. In biological adaptation, the process by which species become fitted to new environments is crucial for their ability to cope with changing environmental conditions. With this in mind, we have been exploring catalytic systems that can adapt their size and shape to the environment with the goal of developing synthetic catalysts with wide scope.In this Account, we describe our studies aimed at elucidating how metal catalysts with flexible structural units adapt their binding pockets to the reacting substrate. Throughout our studies, ligands equipped with tropos biaryl units have been explored, and the palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction has been used as a suitable probe to study the adaptability of the catalytic systems. The conformations of catalytically active metal complexes under different conditions have been studied by both experimental and theoretical methods. By the design of ligands incorporating two flexible units, the symmetry properties of metal complexes could be used to facilitate conformational analysis and thereby provide valuable insight into the structures of complexes involved in the catalytic cycle. The importance of flexibility was convincingly demonstrated when a phosphine group in a privileged ligand that is well-known for its versatility in a number of processes was exchanged for a tropos biaryl phosphite unit: the result was a truly self-adaptive ligand with dramatically increased scope.
I/Q LC oscillators with an octave tuning range for TV on mobile platforms (2005)

Two I/Q oscillators have been realized that cover a one octave tuning range, and, when combined with a divider and a multiplexer, cover the complete TV band. The realized oscillators embody highly cost-effective key building blocks for tuning systems in consumer ICs for TV on portable platforms. The resonators consist of bond-wires, 8 bit capacitor banks and varactors. One I/Q LC oscillator is realized with integrators, and achieves a tuning range of 412-880 MHz (107% of an octave), and its phase-noise-to-carrier ratio, L(f/sub m/), varies from -101 dBc/Hz to -110 dBc/Hz at 500 kHz offset. Its power dissipation is 35 mW (at 3 V). A second I/Q oscillator is coupled with V/I converters that implement a high-pass function. Its tuning range is 417-836 MHz (102%), L(500 kHz) varies between -111 dBc/Hz and -115 dBc/Hz, with a power dissipation of 23 mW. Both oscillators are realized in an 8 GHz f/sub T//0.6 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process.
Dynamic spatio‐temporal contribution of single β5t+ cortical epithelial precursors to the thymus medulla (2015)

Intrathymic T-cell development is critically dependent on cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells (TECs). Both epithelial subsets originate during early thymus organogenesis from progenitor cells that express the thymoproteasome subunit β5t, a typical feature of cortical TECs. Using in vivo lineage fate mapping, we demonstrate in mice that β5t(+) TEC progenitors give rise to the medullary TEC compartment early in life but significantly limit their contribution once the medulla has completely formed. Lineage-tracing studies at single cell resolution demonstrate for young mice that the postnatal medulla is expanded from individual β5t(+) cortical progenitors located at the cortico-medullary junction. These results therefore not only define a developmental window during which the expansion of medulla is efficiently enabled by progenitors resident in the thymic cortex, but also reveal the spatio-temporal dynamics that control the growth of the thymic medulla.
A MULTIPURPOSE STIRRED TANK FACILITY FOR FLOW VISUALISATION AND DUAL IMPELLER POWER MEASUREMENT (1983)

An experimental facility is described which enables the power drawn by each of two impellers to be determined separately by means of strain gauges. In addition by using a flat-bottomed Perspex vessel in a square Perspex water jacket, good bulk flow visualisation is achieved. By means of a derotational prism and a TV camera, good pictures of flows relative to impeller blades are possible. Examples of the quality of pictures obtainable is given for a Rushton turbine and 45° pitch blade turbine in water and for a Rushton turbine in a pseudoplastic, viscoelastic C.M.C. solution.
Image filtering with multilayered cellularly connected evolutionary neural networks (2012)

This paper presents a study of automatic construction of image filters with a novel multilayered cellular network. Each layer of the proposed network is Cellular Real Valued Flexibly Connected Neural Network (CRFCN), the neural network model for automatic construction of image filters we previously proposed. CRFCN consists of a regular array of evolutionary neural networks called Real Valued Flexibly Connected Neural Network (RFCN). In the previous work, single-layer CRFCN showed its good performance of image filtering. However in complex image processing, it is often effective to decompose the processing into a sequence of partial processing to achieve the target task. Hence, to enable the model to split up a complex task into partial tasks, we propose multilayered CRFCN: series-connected single-layer CRFCNs. The key ideas of multilayered CRFCN are (1) setting each layer to the original input image to prevent from lacking important information through multilayered processing, and (2) construction of the layers one by one efficiently. We apply multilayered CRFCN to three different image filtering of region extraction in comparison with comparative methods, and show its performance.
Inorganic perovskite solar cells with high voltage and excellent stability against thermal and environmental degradation (2021)

We report on the properties and stability of inorganic perovskite CsPbBr <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> fabricated using vapor deposition. We have obtained the highest voltage ever recorded, exceeding 1.6V, in this material. The material was deposited using vapor deposition process, followed by post-deposition anneal at 450 C. Both layer by layer, and sequential anneal processes were sued for growing the material. After growth and anneals, the material was tested for thermal stability at temperatures of 300 C, and the x-ray data showed that there was no degradation of the material even at this high temperature. n-i-p superstrate devices were fabricated on FTO substrates coated with either TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> or n-CdS. The p layer was P3HT or PTAA. The devices showed an open-circuit voltage of 1.62V, the highest ever reported in this material. The devices were exposed to humid room air for 25 days, and showed no degradation at all in its performance. Detailed material measurements such as subgap quantum efficiency and deep defects were measured. The Urbach energy for valence band tails is found to be 22 meV and mid-gap defect density in the range of few 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .