gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of the relative linear collision stopping power and linear scattering power of electron bolus material (1994)

The linear collision stopping power and linear scattering power for machineable wax relative to water have been determined for electron energies between 2 and 20 MeV. Knowledge of these quantities is necessary for the use of this wax as bolus in electron pencil-beam dose algorithms. The atomic composition of the wax (rho = 0.920 +/- 0.001 g cm(-3)) was obtained by having the wax assayed. The formalisms expressed in the ICRU Report 35 were used to calculate the relative linear collision stopping and linear scattering powers of the wax. The calculated relative linear collision stopping powers of 2 to 20 MeV electrons in the wax ranged from 0.949 +/- 0.005 to 0.952 +/- 0.005, and the calculated relative linear scattering powers ranged from 0.734 +/- 0.004 to 0.729 +/- 0.004. As a check of the calculation method, the relative linear collision stopping power was measured by determining the shift in electron central-axis depth-ionization curves when varying thicknesses of water were replaced by wax. These measurements, made using 10, 12, 15 and 18 MeV electron beams with wax thicknesses from 1.0 - 4.0 cm, resulted in a mean value of 0.931 +/- 0.008. Determination of the relative linear stopping power and the linear scattering power by using the measured CT number to extract values from patient data tables resulted in values of 0.933 +/- 0.009 and 0.746 +/- 0.016, respectively, indicating that it should be acceptable to use the Hounsfield values obtained with CT scans for treatment planning dose calculations.
Molecular biology of bacterial bioluminescence. (1991)

The cloning and expression of the lux genes from different luminescent bacteria including marine and terrestrial species have led to significant advances in our knowledge of the molecular biology of bacterial bioluminescence. All lux operons have a common gene organization of luxCDAB(F)E, with luxAB coding for luciferase and luxCDE coding for the fatty acid reductase complex responsible for synthesizing fatty aldehydes for the luminescence reaction, whereas significant differences exist in their sequences and properties as well as in the presence of other lux genes (I, R, F, G, and H). Recognition of the regulatory genes as well as diffusible metabolites that control the growth-dependent induction of luminescence (autoinducers) in some species has advanced our understanding of this unique regulatory mechanism in which the autoinducers appear to serve as sensors of the chemical or nutritional environment. The lux genes have now been transferred into a variety of different organisms to generate new luminescent species. Naturally dark bacteria containing the luxCDABE and luxAB genes, respectively, are luminescent or emit light on addition of aldehyde. Fusion of the luxAB genes has also allowed the expression of luciferase under a single promoter in eukaryotic systems. The ability to express the lux genes in a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and the ease and sensitivity of the luminescence assay demonstrate the considerable potential of the widespread application of the lux genes as reporters of gene expression and metabolic function.
Methylene Blue in Preventing Hemodynamic and Metabolic Derangement Following Superior Mesenteric Artery Clamping/Unclamping: An Intratracheal vs. Intraperitoneal Dose-Response Study (2002)

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion affects hemodynamics. We studied intratracheal vs. intraperitoneal methylene blue (MB) attenuation of hemodynamic and metabolic deterioration following superior mesenteric artery (SMA) clamping/unclamping. Murine SMAs (5/group) were clamped for 1 h. MB (2, 6, 20, or 60 mg/kg [MB-2, MB-6, MB-20, and MB-60]) was administered intraperitoneally or intratracheally 10 min before unclamping. Observation continued for another 3 h. Circulating xanthine oxidase and base deficit levels doubled among ischemia non-treated and ischemia MB-2- and MB-60-treated groups, blood pressure decreased by 50%, and heart rate increased by 35%, compared to controls (non-clamped/unclamped and non-MB-treated rats, P < 0.01). These three ischemia groups needed 3-fold the amount of fluid to maintain systolic pressure > or =60 mmHg than controls (P < 0.01). Only the MB-6 and MB-20 intraperitoneal and intratracheal regimens similarly afforded hemodynamic stability in ischemic animals; base deficit and resuscitation volumes normalized as well. No drug regimen affected heart rate. We concluded that intraperitoneal and intratracheal MB at specific doses prevented systemic derangement following SMA clamping/unclamping.
Spread spectrum communications using chirp signals (2002)

We report on the use of broadband chirp signals for spread spectrum systems in indoor applications. The presented system concepts make use of chirp transmission and pulse compression. Different modulation schemes for the chirp signals resulting in different system performance and complexity are compared in terms of bit error rate for the AWGN channel and for frequency selective indoor radio channels. We present simulations and measurement results from demonstrator systems which use surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices for the generation and matched altering of the chirp signals. The RF and IF frequency and transmission bandwidth of the presented systems are 2.4 GHz, 348.8 MHz, and 80 MHz, respectively. Due to the processing gain of 16 dB-made possible by the use of SAW devices-and the large transmission bandwidth the system is insensitive against frequency selective fading, CW interference and noise.
Ueber die Harnsäure. I (1884)

11 e r .Urn dieseir Iiiirper darzastellca , wurdr reiner Paranitrobenzoylessigatlier in trockenem Aetlier gellist nnd mit den Dampfen 1-on salpetriger Siiure gesattigt.Reim Verdunsten der Ctlicrisclicii LBsung bleiht eiiie fast farblose lnytallinische Masse ziiriick , welche durch C'nikrystallisireii nus rerdiinntem Alkohol rein rrhalten wurde
Slow Spin Relaxation of Optically Polarized Sodium Atoms (1957)

In order to obtain as narrow as possible paramagnetic resonance signals, it is of importance to investigate the conditions under which long relaxation times can be realized. In the present experiment on sodium atoms diffusing in argon gas, relaxation due to sodium-sodium collisions was minimized by employing very low sodium partial vapor pressures (about ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ mm Hg). While at lower pressures the argon is serving its function well to slow down relaxation by inhibiting wall diffusion, at about 10 cm Hg relaxation due to sodium-argon collisions becomes the decisive factor. Nevertheless it was possible to realize a relaxation time of 0.21 sec for a 1-liter spherical bulb filled with 3 cm argon. About 0.02 sec was found for a 0.1-liter, 40 cm argon sample. In carrying out the experiments, optical pumping by circularly polarized resonance radiation was used to create an orientation of the sodium atoms which then was monitored by measuring the transmission of the pumping radiation through the sample. By suddenly reversing a small axial magnetic field, the polarization of the atoms could be made to reverse too. From the decay rates of this inverted polarization under the combined effects of relaxation and continuing optical pumping, the experimental relaxation times were deduced. The strong signals obtained are indicative of available signal to noise ratios in future radio-frequency resonance reorientation experiments using the transmission monitoring technique. A theoretical analysis of the optical pumping process, including the dynamic aspects and allowing for collisions with argon that the sodium atoms undergo while in the excited state, was carried out and used to describe the experimental data.
Ellipsometry and Michelson interferometry for fixed- and variable-frequency electro-optical measurements on poled polymers (1996)

Since the linear electro-optical or Pockels effect is one of the strongest and most useful effects in poled polymers, it can be employed for investigating the magnitude, the spatial distribution and the thermal and temporal stability of the dipole orientation. Some of the relevant ellipsometric and interferometric techniques are briefly described. Emphasis is given to frequency-dependent electro-optical measurements which permit a relaxation spectroscopy based on the probing of the dipole orientation by means of frequency scanning of the linear susceptibility (optical birefringence). Such a spectroscopy is of particular relevance for the recently introduced "orientational enhancement" in photorefractive polymers. In addition, scanning electro-optical microscopy and electro-optical phase-shift interferometry are described as useful methods for measuring spatial dipole-orientation patterns.
Inheritance of interface specifications (extended abstract) (1994)

Four alternatives for the semantics of inheritance of specifications are discussed. The information loss and frame axiom problems for inherited specifications are also considered.
Last–male sperm precedence in the bushcricket Poecilimon veluchianus (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea) demonstrated by DNA fingerprinting (1992)

Abstract Males of the bushcricket Poecilimon veluchianus pass a large spermatophore to the female during mating. The spermatophore is eaten by the female after copulation. Because females mate with several males during their reproductive life, the competition between spermatozoa of different males affects a male's reproductive success. In order to determine the outcome of sperm competition, the paternity of the progeny of double–mated females was established by DNA fingerprinting with the oligonucleotide (GATA) 4 . Typical P. veluchianus DNA fingerprints consisted of 15 scoreable fragments per individual. The proportion of bands shared between presumably unrelated bushcrickets was 17%. After the second copulation the second mating male clearly predominated at fertilization. The mean proportion of eggs fertilized by the second male was 90.1%. There was no significant relationship between the level of sperm precedence and the time of ovipositions after the second mating. If female P. veluchianus increase the fitness of their offspring by the incorporation of spermatophore–derived substances in developing eggs, there is little chance for the feeding male to fertilize eggs containing his nutrients, because of the very short mating intervals of females and the observed high level of last–male sperm precedence in this species. Under such conditions the last mating male would fertilize many eggs containing nutrients from a prior male. Because nuptial gifts, like the tettigoniid spermatophore, function only as paternal investment if the donating male's progeny benefit from the gift, a paternal investment function of the P. veluchianus spermatophore seems to be unlikely.
Comments on Mougey et al. (2009) (2011)

aDrug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics bClinical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA Correspondence to Dr Xiaoyan Chu, PhD, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA Tel: +1732 594 0977; fax: +1732 594 2382; e-mail: [email protected] Received June 1, 2011 Accepted October 27, 2011
Military biometrics on the frontline (2010)

The use of biometrics in military circles has increased significantly in recent years. Steve Gold spoke to some of the experts in this highly specialised area of biometrics and asked them how the technology is being used and developed.
Strategies to control neospora infection in cattle (1995)

The paper reviews herd health strategies to control Neospora caninum infection in cattle by discussing the usefulness of herd prevalence information, diagnostic methods, control of congenital infection and postnatal transmission.
Physical regulation of copper catalyst with a hydrophobic promoter for enhancing CO2 hydrogenation to methanol (2023)

The hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> to methanol, which is restricted by water products, requires a selective removal of water from the reaction system. Here, we show that physically combining hydrophobic polydivinylbenzene with a copper catalyst supported by silica can increase methanol production and CO<sub>2</sub> conversion. Mechanistic investigation reveals that the hydrophobic promoter could hinder the oxidation of copper surface by water, maintaining a small fraction of metallic copper species on the copper surface with abundant Cu<sup>δ+</sup>, resulting in high activity for the hydrogenation. Such a physically mixed catalyst survives the continuous test for 100 h owing to the thermal stability of the polydivinylbenzene promoter.
Isolator using a ferrite-coupled-lines gyrator (2002)

The theory and design of an isolator based on a new concept using a section of axially magnetised ferrite coupled line (FCL) are presented. The isolator consists of a resistive four-port junction cascaded with an open- or short-circuited section of FCL representing a gyrator circuit. Design procedures for microstrip and slot-line configurations are described. The main feature of the isolator is its multiple reversing of operating direction with frequency. Application of the microstrip FCL section to the design of a gyrator is considered. The performance of the isolator is predicted by cascading S-matrices of the microstrip FCL gyrator and resistor circuit. The simulated scattering characteristics of the proposed isolator confirmed the correctness of the concept of the proposed novel nonreciprocal device.
Clinical significance of p53 overexpression and HPV infection in eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (2000)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
2501 Kansei evaluation of chordal features for designing product sound quality (2010)

In the design of matured product, it is important design a product sound as a kansei(affective) quality. Most of product sounds have ultiple tones e.g. harmonic overtones caused by frequency of fans. In the music theory, tones have chords. People often feel comfortable in chordal tones. The authors assume that chordal harmony in machine sound improves the product kansei quality. To verify the assumption, we synthesized product sound samples (vacuum cleaner) having different tone frequencies and powers. Using the synthesized samples, we conducted kansei evaluation experiments. The result shows that the chordal features of tones are effective to improve product kansei quality.
Korkearesoluutioisten E-SAR-tutkakuvien tarkkuus puustotunnusten koealatason estimoinnissa (2009)

Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin korkearesoluutioisen E-SAR-tutkakuvan tarkkuutta koealatason metsikkötunnusten estimoinnissa. E-SAR-tutkakuvaukset suoritettiin syksyllä 2000 ja keväällä 2000 ProSmart II -projektissa, jonka tarkoituksena oli tutkia tuolloin suunnitteilla olleen TerraSAR-X-satelliittisysteemin potentiaalisia sovellusalueita. Metsikkötunnusten estimointi tehtiin käyttäen ei- parametrista k:n lähimmän naapurin (k-nn) -menetelmää ja tarkkuuden arviointi ristiinvalidiointi-menetelmällä. Estimoituja metsikkötunnuksia olivat kokonaistilavuus, puulajikohtaiset tilavuudet ja osuudet, pohjapinta-ala, keskipituus ja keskiläpimitta. E-SAR-tulkinnan tarkkuutta verrattiin numeeristen ilmakuvien sekä keskiresoluution optisen aallonpituusalueen Landsat ETM -satelliittikuvien tarkkuuteen. Maastoaineistona käytettiin 199 relaskooppikoealaa. E-SAR-estimoinnin suhteelliset RMSE-arvot olivat parhaimmillaan kokonaistilavuudelle, keskiläpimitalle, keskipituudelle ja pohjapinta-alalle 44,8 %, 27,8 %, 27,5 %, 38,3 %. Vertailuaineistona olleille numeerisille ilmakuville vastaavat suhteelliset RMSE-arvot olivat 49,3 %, 25,6 %, 26,5 % ja 40,6 % ja Landsat ETM -kuville 58,3 %, 38,5 %, 34,5 % ja 46,9 %. E-SAR-tutkakuvat toimivat parhaiten kokonaistilavuuden estimoinnissa, jossa niiden tuottama estimointitarkkuus oli huomattavasti sekä ilmakuvaa että Landsat ETM-kuvaa tarkempi. Keskiläpimitan, keskipituuden ja pohjapinta-alan estimoinnissa E-SAR-tutkakuvat sekä numeeriset ilmakuvat tuottivat suurinpiirtein yhtä tarkan tuloksen, joka oli kuitenkin huomattavasti Landsat ETM -kuvaa parempi. Puulajien tilavuuksien ja osuuksien osalta numeeriset ilmakuvat tuottivat E-SAR-kuvia tarkemman estimointituloksen.
Anti-inflammatory, procollagen, and wound repair properties of topical insulin gel (2023)

Diabetes mellitus is associated with impaired wound healing. The topical use of insulin is a promising therapy because it may favor all phases of the wound healing process. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic outcomes of insulin gel in wounds of hyperglycemic mice. After diabetes induction, a 1-cm2 full-thickness wound was created on each animal's dorsum. The lesions were treated daily for 14 days with insulin gel (insulin group) or vehicle gel without insulin (vehicle group). Tissue samples were extracted on days 4, 7, 10, and 14 after the creation of the lesion. The samples were analyzed with hematoxylin/eosin and Sirius red staining, immunohistochemistry, Bio-Plex immunoassays, and western blotting. Insulin gel favored re-epithelialization at day 10 and increased the organization and deposition of collagen. Additionally, it modulated the expression of cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10) and increased the expression of arginase I, VEGF receptor 1, and VEGF on day 10. Activation of the insulin signaling pathway occurred via IRβ, IRS1, and IKK on day 10 and activation of Akt and IRS1 on day 14. These results suggested that insulin gel improved wound healing in hyperglycemic mice by modulating the expression of inflammatory factors, growth factors, and proteins of the insulin signaling pathway.
Molecular Mechanisms of Parathyroid Hyperplasia and Neoplasia (1997)

In the past decade we have witnessed an explosion in our knowledge of the molecular bases of hyperparathyroidism. In spite of the generally benign phenotype of parathyroid tumors, several of the well-recognized mechanisms in tumor biology are applicable to parathyroid tumorigenesis. The concept of evolution of nonneoplastic endocrine hyperplasia into a true tumor is as operative for the parathyroid tissue as for any other neoplasia. The molecular mechanisms underlying parathyroid tumor development, either on the ground of tissue hyperplasia or as neoplasia ‘ab initio’, are starting to be recognized. Oncogenes as well as tumor-suppressor genes and trophic factors appear to play a role in the process of parathyroid tissue growth. The unique opportunity of evaluating at least four distinct organs greatly contributed to the knowledge of the genetic basis of parathyroid tumor development, a field relatively undeveloped in comparison to that of other cancers.
Recipient Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Enhance Recipient Cell Engraftment and Prolong Allotransplant Survival in a Miniature Swine Hind-Limb Model (2017)

Donor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could prolong vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) survival in our previous studies. However, recipient adipose tissue is easier to harvest than donor tissue for preconditioning modulation. Hence, this study investigated the efficacy of recipient autologous adipose-derived stem cells (rADSCs) for VCA survival. The heterotopic hind-limb transplantation from female donor to male recipient was performed in outbred miniature swine. Group I ( n = 6) was untreated controls. Group II ( n = 4) obtained rADSCs infusions (given on weeks 0, +1, +2, and +3). Group III ( n = 4) obtained tacrolimus (FK506, weeks 0 to +4). Group IV ( n = 8) received irradiation (IR; day -1), FK506 (weeks 0 to +4), and rADSC infusions (weeks 0, +1, +2, and +3). The results revealed treatment with multiple injections of rADSCs along with IR and FK506 resulted in a statistically significant increase in allograft survival. The percentage of CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD25<sup>+</sup>/Foxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells were significantly increased in the rADSC-IR-FK506 group as compared to controls. Analysis of recipient peripheral blood revealed that transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) was significantly increased in the rADSC-IR-FK506 group. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and immunohistochemical staining showed recipient sex-determining region of Y (SRY) chromosome gene expression existed in donor allotissues in the rADSC-IR-FK506 group. These results indicate that rADSCs in addition to IR and transient immunosuppressant could prolong allotransplant survival, modulate T-cell regulation, and enhance recipient cell engraftment into the allotransplant tissues.
In vivo evaluation of EGCG stabilized gold-198 nanoparticles in prostate cancer bearing mice (2010)

1538 Objectives In this study we investigated Au-198 nanoparticles (198AuNP) that were rapidly produced using (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) an antioxidant reducing agent derived from green tea. Methods The 198Au was produced at MURR and provided as H198AuCl4 in a final concentration of 0.05 M HCl. EGCG was dissolved in Milli-Q water, and the H198AuCl4 and carrier HAuCl4 (0.1 M Au) were added and stirred at room temperature for 5 min to generate the nanoparticles. The UV/Vis spectrum showed the expected Plasmon peak at 529-535 nm. TLC confirmed that over 99% of the gold was present in the nanoparticle form. SCID mice bearing human prostate cancer derived from PC-3 cells were used for pharmacokinetic and therapy studies. On day 6, 30 µL of EGCG 198AuNP (136 µCi) was injected into the tumor (IT) to deliver an estimated 70 Gy. Control animals received 30 µL of Dulbecco’s PBS. A further set of animals were injected IT with 30 µL of solution containing only EGCG. Tumors were measured twice weekly. Results Previous results indicated IT injections result in the highest retention of activity in the tumor and lowest dose to normal tissues. In the pharmacokinetic studies animals injected with EGCG 198AuNP showed 77.8 ± 12.3 % ID was retained in the tumor at 30 min and 72.4 ± 13.0 % ID after 24 hr. Based on these results radiotherapy evaluations were conducted. No differences were noted between the controls and animals injected IT with EGCG. By day 18, tumors in the control group were 4-fold larger than those of the treatment group (p=0.04). By day 28, tumors in the control group were over 5-fold larger than those of the treatment group (p=0.01). An end of study biodistribution on day 42 showed 34.1 ± 19.8 %ID remained in the residual tumor. Conclusions Using EGCG, 198AuNP can be formulated at room temperature to treat prostate cancer. The formed 198AuNP showed very good tumor retention and significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to saline controls and EGCG alone. Research Support R01CA119412-0
Three Point Bend Performance of Solutionized, Die Quenched and Heat Treated AA7075 Beam Members (2014)

To overcome the low room temperature formability of AA7075-T6 aluminum sheet, without sacrificing the high strength properties of this alloy, a hat section beam member was formed and quenched within a cold die immediately after a 20 minute solutionizing treatment. Natural aging for 24 hours followed the forming process which was then followed by various heat treatments that included a typical precipitation hardening (PH) and industrial paint bake (PB) temperature-time treatment. Tensile specimens were extracted from the beams to evaluate their mechanical properties. When compared to the as-received AA7075-T6 mechanical properties, the beams heat treated with the PH, PHPB and PB treatment resulted in a 5%, 13% and 20% reduction in ultimate tensile strength respectively. A similar trend was shown for the yield strength measurements. There was little effect of the heat treatments on the total elongation, with the PH condition showing a slight improvement. A backing plate was riveted to the beams and a quasi-static 3 point bend test was conducted to evaluate the crush performance. The peak load for the PH, PHPB and PB beams was 9.2, 8.5 and 7.3 kN respectively, but the calculated energy-displacement (or energy absorption) curves were similar for the PH and PHPB parts due to a more ductile fracture behavior for the PHPB material condition.