gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of surveillance stool culture guided selection of antibiotics in the management of pediatric small bowel transplant recipients (2005)

Surveillance stool cultures (SSC) have been used in immunocompromised populations to predict the organisms associated with invasive infections and aid in the selection of empiric antibiotic regimens. To evaluate the utility of this approach in pediatric small bowel transplant (SBT) recipients, we conducted a retrospective review of 33 patients who underwent SBT, 16 of whom had SSC done. In no case was the same organism isolated from SSC and subsequent blood, peritoneal fluid or wound cultures. In the first month post-transplantation, blood cultures were positive in 44% and 35% of patients that had and did not have SSC done, respectively (p = 0.73); peritoneal fluid cultures in 44% and 65% (p = 0.30); and wound cultures in 44% and 24% (p = 0.28). There were no significant differences among both groups in time to first infection, duration of ICU stay following SBT, graft survival or long-term patient survival. We conclude that SSC-guided antibiotic selection does not have a significant impact on the incidence of invasive infections in the first month following SBT or on specific indicators of patient outcome. This suggests that empiric antibiotic regimens should be selected based on clinical presentation and hospital flora and susceptibility patterns.
The Exploitation of Unsecured and Secured Systems and What can be Done about It (1987)

Massive attacks to exploit unclassified and classified information are underway against the nation's information systems. As evidenced by the Walker spy ring, tremendous damage has been caused by loss of cryptographic material, leadinz to exploitation of classified information. The temptation to procure, operate, and network the most advanced office automation systems with inadequate security must be resisted in order to avoid paying future penalties even greater than those of the last few years.
A Disposable Tear Glucose Biosensor—Part 3: Assessment of Enzymatic Specificity (2011)

Glucose dehydrogenase flavin adenine dinucleotide compares favorably with GOx in many sensor-relevant attributes and may enable measurement of glucose concentrations both higher and lower than those measurable by GOx. GDH-FAD is a viable enzyme to use in the proposed amperometric tear glucose sensor system and perhaps also in detecting extreme hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia in blood.
Shotgun Metagenomics of Gastric Biopsies Reveals Compositional and Functional Microbiome Shifts in High- and Low-Gastric-Cancer-Risk Populations from Colombia, South America (2023)

Along with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection, the gastric microbiota is hypothesized to modulate stomach cancer risk in susceptible individuals. Whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing (WMS) is a sequencing approach to characterize the microbiome with advantages over traditional culture and 16S rRNA sequencing including identification of bacterial and non-bacterial taxa, species/strain resolution, and functional characterization of the microbiota. In this study, we used WMS to survey the microbiome in extracted DNA from antral gastric biopsy samples from Colombian patients residing in the high-risk gastric cancer town Túquerres (<i>n</i> = 10, <i>H. pylori</i>-positive = 7) and low-risk town of Tumaco (<i>n</i> = 10, <i>H. pylori</i>-positive = 6). Kraken2/Bracken was used for taxonomic classification and abundance. Functional gene profiles were inferred by InterProScan and KEGG analysis of assembled contigs and gene annotation. The most abundant taxa represented bacteria, non-human eukaryota, and viral genera found in skin, oral, food, and plant/soil environments including <i>Staphylococus</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>, and <i>Siphoviridae</i>. <i>H. pylori</i> was the predominant taxa present in <i>H. pylori</i>-positive samples. Beta diversity was significantly different based on <i>H. pylori</i>-status, risk group, and sex. WMS detected more bacterial taxa than 16S rRNA sequencing and aerobic, anaerobic, and microaerobic culture performed on the same gastric biopsy samples. WMS identified significant differences in functional profiles found between <i>H. pylori</i>-status, but not risk or sex groups. <i>H. pylori</i>-positive samples were significantly enriched for <i>H. pylori</i>-specific genes including virulence factors such as <i>vacA</i>, <i>cagA</i>, and urease, while carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism genes were enriched in <i>H. pylori</i>-negative samples. This study shows WMS has the potential to characterize the taxonomy and function of the gastric microbiome as risk factors for <i>H. pylori</i>-associated gastric disease. Future studies will be needed to compare and validate WMS versus traditional culture and 16S rRNA sequencing approaches for characterization of the gastric microbiome.
PHYSIOLOGICAL DISPOSITION OF CERTAIN N–ALKYL THIOBARBITURATES (1955)

From the Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Research Service Third (New York University) Medical Division, Goldwater Memorial Hospital, New York, N.Y., and the Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Heart Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Design and Evaluation of a Multilevel Switched Capacitor Rectifier for Wireless Fast Charging (2019)

In order to enable wireless charging of mobile electronics to compete with wired alternatives, wireless receivers need to operate at power levels sufficient to accommodate fast-charging standards. The receiver efficiency, harmonic content and total volume are key design metrics for wireless receivers. In this paper, four candidate topologies are compared, under 20 W fast-changing conditions, with respect to power loss, harmonic distortion, and power density. Each of the metrics are analyzed and verified experimentally. In coordination with the transmitter, a system-level approach to minimizing distortion is presented. Finally, the multilevel switched-capacitor rectifier is demonstrated to be a good candidate for wireless fast charging of mobile devices with high efficiency, small size, and suitable structure for future integration.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOSIDE 6. MITT. SYNTH. VON 2′‐O‐, 3′‐O‐ UND 5′‐O‐BENZYL‐ADENOSIN (1972)

Abstract Im Zusammenhang mit Untersuchungen über die Verwendung der Benzyl‐ Schutzgruppe zur hydrolysestabilen Blockierung der Zucker‐OH‐Gruppen in Nucleotiden und Nucleosiden werden die Titelverbindungen (IVa), (IVb) und (VIII) synthetisiert.
Automatic target detection using entropy optimized shared-weight neural networks (2000)

Standard shared-weight neural networks previously demonstrated inferior performance to that of morphological shared-weight neural networks for automatic target detection. Empirical analysis showed that entropy measures of the features generated by the standard shared-weight neural networks were consistently lower than those generated by the morphological shared-weight neural networks. Based on this observation, an entropy maximization term was added to the standard shared-weight network objective function. In this paper, we present automatic target detection results for standard shared-weight neural networks trained with and without the added entropy term.
N‐glycosylation site mapping of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (1995)

This report describes the N-glycosylation mapping of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. The carbohydrate structures were tentatively assigned by comparison with the anion-exchange fractionated oligosaccharides and by a comparison with previously reported data. The separation was shown to rely mainly on the degree of sialylation of the oligosaccharides, allowing a quantitative determination of the proportion of neutral and mono- to tetrasialylated structures. Significant differences in the oligosaccharide distribution of the two variants of rt-PA, which differ by the presence (type I) or the absence (type II) of oligosaccharides at the Asn-184 site, were observed. The distribution of the oligosaccharides at each of the rt-PA glycosylation sites was then determined. Glycopeptides were prepared by tryptic digestion of rt-PA and isolated using two consecutive chromatographic procedures. The glycopeptides were finally treated with N-glycanase, and the resulting oligosaccharides were analysed by capillary electrophoresis. Oligosaccharide mapping revealed that the Asn-448 and Asn-184 sites carry the same population of complex-type oligosaccharides but that the relative amounts of each oligosaccharide vary markedly. High-pH anion-exchange chromatography performed on the desialylated oligosaccharides at each glycosylation site showed that the degree of microheterogeneity was related not only to the degree of sialylation but also to structural differences in the oligosaccharide sequences. From the results as a whole, we concluded that the Asn-448 site contains a greater proportion of heavily sialylated structures and has a higher degree of microheterogeneity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Application of iTRAQ to catalogue the skeletal muscle proteome in pigs and assessment of effects of gender and diet dephytinization (2009)

In this study iTRAQ was used to produce a highly confident catalogue of 542 proteins identified in porcine muscle (false positive<5%). To our knowledge this is the largest reported set of skeletal muscle proteins in livestock. Comparison with human muscle proteome demonstrated a low level of false positives with 83% of the proteins common to both proteomes. In addition, for the first time we assess variations in the muscle proteome caused by sexually dimorphic gene expression and diet dephytinization. Preliminary analysis identified 19 skeletal muscle proteins differentially expressed between male and female pigs (> or = 1.2-fold, p<0.05), but only one of them, GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1, was significant (p<0.05) after false discovery rate correction. Diet dephytinization affected expression of 20 proteins (p<0.05). This study would contribute to an evaluation of the suitability of the pig as a model to study human gender-related differences in gene expression. Transgenic pigs used in this study might also serve as a useful model to understand changes in human physiology resulting from diet dephytinization.
Nanoscale Coatings (2010)

Further progress on the manufacture of nanoscale coatings requires control of film microstructure at the atomic level. Latest results from coatings for EUV- and DUV-lithography, coatings and nanostructures on plastics and balanced properties coatings will be presented.
Possibility of element extraction separation in alkaline media. [Extraction separation of Am, Cm, Cf, Bk from La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Gd, Th, Pa, U, Pu, Zr, Nb, Cs, Ru, Fe] (1981)

Extraction of a number of transplutonium elements (Am, Cm, Cf, Bk) as well as La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Gd, Th, Pa, U, Pu, Zr, Nb, Cs, Ru, Fe using solution 4 (..cap alpha.., ..cap alpha..-dioctyethyl) of pyrocatechol (DOP) in toluene from highly alkaline solutions in the presence of diethylene-triaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) to find conditions for their separation is studied. It is shown that the degree of element separation can be increased varying the time of the phase mixture, the medium alkalinity as well as changing the extragent concentration. The DOP-NaOH-DTPA system proved to be perspective for the separation of TPE from rare earth fission products, actinide elements as well as for Am and Cm separation from Bk and others.
A Study of Bulk Modulus, Entrained Air, and Dynamic Pressure Measurements in Liquids (2016)

Accurate static and dynamic pressure measurements in liquids, such as fuel, oil, and hydraulic fluid, are critical to the control and health monitoring of turbomachinery and aerospace systems. This work presents a theoretical and experimental study of the frequency response of pressure transducers and pressure measurement systems in liquid media. First, we theoretically predict the frequency response of pressure transducers based upon a lumped-parameter model. We then present a liquid-based dynamic pressure calibration test apparatus that validates this model by performing several critical measurements. This system first uses a vibrating liquid column to dynamically calibrate and experimentally determine the frequency response of a test pressure transducer, measurement system or geometry. Second, this calibration system experimentally extracts the bulk modulus of the fluid and the percent of entrained and/or dissolved air by volume. Bulk modulus is determined by measuring the speed of sound within the liquid and through static pressure loading while measuring the deflection of the liquid column. Bulk modulus and the entrained/dissolved gas content within the liquid greatly impact the observed frequency response of a pressure transducer or geometry. Gases, such as air, mixed or dissolved into a fluid can add substantial damping to the dynamic response of the fluid measurement system, which makes measurement of the bulk modulus and entrained and/or dissolved air critical for accurate measurement of the frequency response of a system when operating with a liquid media. All experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Palladium‐Mediated Substitution of Chlorine in 2‐ Chloroquinolines. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
3‐D shot continuation operator (1996)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 19963‐D shot continuation operatorAuthors: Umberto SpagnoliniStefano OpreniUmberto SpagnoliniPolitecnico di Milano (Italy) and Stefano OpreniPolitecnico di Milano (Italy)https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826668 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826668FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byJoint deblending and data reconstruction with focal transformationJunhai Cao, Eric Verschuur, Hanming Gu, and Lie Li24 April 2019 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 84, No. 3The utilization of the double focal transformation for sparse data representation and data reconstruction13 May 2016 | Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 64, No. 6OC-seislet: Seislet transform construction with differential offset continuationYang Liu and Sergey Fomel22 December 2010 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 75, No. 6OC‐seislet: Seislet transform construction with differential offset continuationYang Liu and Sergey Fomel14 October 2009Application of the topographic datuming operator to a data setfrom the Eastern Arabian PeninsulaGeophysical Prospecting, Vol. 54, No. 6Cost‐effective datuming in presence of rough topography and complex near‐surfaceTariq Alkhalifah and Claudio Bagaini3 January 2005Seismic reflection data interpolation with differential offset and shot continuationSergey Fomel4 April 2003 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 68, No. 2Differential azimuth moveoutSergey Fomel3 January 2005Seismic reflection data interpolation with differential offset and shot continuationSergey Fomel3 January 2005 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1996 Pages: 2106 publication data© 1996 Copyright © 1996 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Umberto Spagnolini and Stefano Opreni, (1996), "3‐D shot continuation operator," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 439-442. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826668 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Brush Conformation of Polyethylene Glycol Determines the Stealth Effect of Nanocarriers in the Low Protein Adsorption Regime (2021)

For nanocarriers with low protein affinity, we show that the interaction of nanocarriers with cells is mainly affected by the density, the molecular weight, and the conformation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains bound to the nanocarrier surface. We achieve a reduction of nonspecific uptake of ovalbumin nanocarriers by dendritic cells using densely packed PEG chains with a "brush" conformation instead of the collapsed "mushroom" conformation. We also control to a minor extent the dysopsonin adsorption by tailoring the conformation of attached PEG on the nanocarriers. The brush conformation of PEG leads to a stealth behavior of the nanocarriers with inhibited uptake by phagocytic cells, which is a prerequisite for successful in vivo translation of nanomedicine to achieve long blood circulation and targeted delivery. We can clearly correlate the brush conformation of PEG with inhibited phagocytic uptake of the nanocarriers. This study shows that, in addition to the surface's chemistry, the conformation of polymers controls cellular interactions of the nanocarriers.
Field Emission from Decorated Carbon Nanotube–QDs Microstructures with a View to the Dominant Electron Paths (2013)

We present a study on the field emission properties of a hybrid system comprised of carbon nanotube (CNT) micropillars decorated with quantum dots (QDs). With controlled decoration of QDs on the CNT micropillars through a simple assisted self-assembly process, further enhancement in the field emitting property of the hybrid microstructures was detected. Upon irradiation of the hybrid structure with a broad visible-light laser beam, additional enhanced field emission was observed. Analyses using fluorescence and confocal microscopy, as well as ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, suggested that electron transfer from QDs to the CNT strands and the reduced work function of the hybrid system as the contributing factors behind the enhanced field emissions. In addition, we discovered that the field emission process gave rise to lost of the QDs’ fluorescence luminosity on the microstructures in specific patterns attributable to transfers of charge carrier from QDs to the CNTs. This observation provided a new means to understand and to determine the predominant 3D path of the emission of electrons from the sample down to a micrometer scale level.
Apoptosis-induced proteinase 3 membrane expression is independent from degranulation (2003)

Proteinase 3 (PR3) and human neutrophil elastase (HNE) are serine proteinases stored in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils. In contrast to HNE, PR3 is the target of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA) in Wegener's granulomatosis. The mechanisms leading to the membrane expression of PR3 and HNE are still unclear and appear to be critical to understand the pathophysiological role of ANCA. Stably transfected rat basophilic cell lines (RBL) with PR3 or HNE were used to analyze the PR3 and HNE secretion mechanisms and differentiate between them. RBL cells were lacking endogenous PR3 and HNE. They were stably transfected with HNE or PR3 or an inactive mutant of PR3 (PR3S203A). Using the calcium ionophore A23187 as a secretagogue, higher serine proteinase activity was secreted in the supernatant of RBL/HNE than in RBL/PR3. It is interesting that PR3 and PR3/S203A were also expressed at the plasma membrane, thus demonstrating that serine protease activity was not required for plasma membrane expression. In contrast, no expression of plasma membrane HNE could be detected in RBL/HNE. Apoptosis induced by etoposide was evaluated by DNA fragmentation, the presence of cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments, and annexin V labeling. No membrane HNE was detected in RBL/HNE. In contrast, in RBL/PR3 and in RBL/PR3S203A, the membrane expression of PR3 and PR3S203A increased with etoposide concentrations and appeared closely related to annexin V labeling. Our data suggest that membrane PR3 originates from two distinct pools, the granular pool mobilized following degranulation or a plasma membrane pool mobilized upon apoptosis.
Biochemical Composition of Collagen in Continent and Stress Urinary Incontinent Women (1994)

This study was designed to assess the relationship between the amount of collagen type III in the pelvic supportive tissues and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with or without pelvic relaxation. Fourteen women agreed to participate in the study: 6 had stress urinary incontinence and pelvic relaxation (group 1); 4 had no pelvic relaxation and no sign or symptoms of SUI (group 2); 4 had pelvic relaxation without SUI (group 3). All patients underwent gynecologic surgical procedures for benign pathology and at that time biopsies were taken from perineal skin, uterosacral ligaments and round ligaments of the uterus. Collagen type III content was measured in the specimens and compared between the groups. Each subject preoperatively underwent complete urodynamic workup. A t test was used for the statistical analysis. Collagen type III content was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the specimens from patients with SUI (group 1) as compared independently with each of the other two groups (groups 2 and 3). Tissues from women without SUI (groups 2 and 3) had a similar content of collagen type III. These findings suggest that women with SUI show an altered collagen profile in the skin, the uterosacral, and the round ligaments. This seems unrelated to secondary damage of the supportive tissues and degree of pelvic relaxation.
Preserving knowledge in design projects (1993)

In order to inform the design of technology support and new procedural methods for software design, we analyzed the content of real design meetings in tlmx organizations, focusing in particular on the questions the designers ask of each other. We found that most questions concerned the project requirements, particularly what the software was supposed to do and, somewhat less frequently, scenarios of use.
A General Solution to the Problem of Setting Optimal Default Options (2022)

We examine the problem of setting optimal default options such as passively selected contribution rates in employee-directed pension plans. Existing results suggest that a simple rule of thumb, opt-out minimization, is optimal under special conditions, but this result is fragile, and the literature does not provide a general analytic solution. In a recent paper, we demonstrated with considerable generality that weighted opt-out minimization is approximately optimal, and we identified surprisingly broad conditions under which unweighted opt-out minimization is approximately optimal. Here we provide concise intuition for these results.
Classification of phases of hand grasp task by the extraction of miniature compound nerve action potentials (mCNAPs) (2015)

Interfacing with the nervous system to restore functional motor activity is a promising therapy to augment the classical surgical approaches to treating peripheral nerve injuries. Despite the advances in electrode microelectronics engineering, the challenge of extracting information from injured nerves to help restore motor function remains unsolved. Here we used waveform feature extraction and clustering techniques to identify a discrete set of events in intraneural recordings of the median nerve in a non-human primate (NHP) during grasping tasks. This analysis allowed the classification of the different phases of hand grasping. The waveform features were found to be significantly different for each phase of grasping. Since these waveforms can be seen as the minimal signal components that result from the activation of a group of nerve fibers, we denominated them miniature compound nerve action potentials (mCNAPs). The correlation between mCNAPs and the different stages of movement can be utilized in the near future to design high-performance neuroprosthetic therapies.