gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2285: Co-expressed gene networks in CRC CMS1 subtype (2022)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogenous disease driven by dysregulated Wnt, Ras-Raf-MAPK, TGF-β, and PI3K-Akt signaling, which leads to an upregulation of proliferative and survival signals from the tumor microenvironment. Molecular and genomic alterations, immune signatures and gene mutations contribute to the progression of CRC. The consensus molecular subtype (CMS), an RNA-based classification system with four classes, is used to better understand CRC heterogeneity. CMS1 is the immunogenic subtype, enriched with MSI; CMS2-CMS3 has epithelial characteristics; and CMS4 is characterized by mesenchymal transitions associated gene expression. CMS1 tumors display immune infiltration, hypermethylation and microsatellite instability, and are known to have a poorer prognosis. We investigated gene signatures and associated coding mRNAs, which are co-expressed by CMS1 CRC. We acquired CRC primary tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). CXCL13, CXCR5, IL10, PIK3R5, PIK3AP1, CCL19 and other co-expressed genes were identified to be positively correlated with CMS1. The canonical pathways and their upstream regulators of this co-expressed network were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO). The co-expressed network associated with CMS1 was significantly and positively correlated with PI3K, WNT, ERK1 and ERK2 activation. This network was also positively correlated to right-sided tumors, microsatellite instability, chemokine-mediated signaling pathways, and immune responses. Our findings have confirmed and identified new gene signatures significantly correlated with CMS1, which in no doubt activate key pathways associated with CRC progression. Citation Format: Sha'Kayla K. Nunez, Corey D. Young, Ti'ara L. Griffen, Scott Kopetz, James W. Lillard. Co-expressed gene networks in CRC CMS1 subtype [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2285.
Isolated systolic hypertension: lowering the risk of stroke in older patients. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. (1992)

The Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) was the first clinical trial to demonstrate the efficacy of low-dose antihypertensive medication in preventing stroke in older individuals with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). The trial was multicentered, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled and involved 4,736 men and women, black and white, age 60 and over with ISH. Results showed a highly significant 36% reduction in nonfatal plus fatal stroke over 5 years in the group treated with active medication (low-dose chlorthalidone was step one), compared with the placebo group. Nonfatal plus fatal coronary disease and cardiovascular disease were also significantly reduced with antihypertensive medication, by 27% and 32% respectively, and total mortality was lower by 13%.
Magnetic field dependence of proton relaxation rates in tissue with added Mn2+: Rabbit liver and kidney (1985)

Since contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is so sensitive to the magnetic relaxation rates of tissue protons, the use of paramagnetic ions to alter contrast in a tissue-specific fashion is an alluring prospect. The influence of these ions on the proton relaxation rates in homogeneous solutions is known to vary dramatically according to whether the ions are present as hydrated aquoions, in solute chelate, or immobilized in macromolecules. In tissue, there is the additional complication of access of water to the ions. In the present study, Mn2+ ions were introduced into rabbits both orally and intravenously in various chemical complexes. Accumulation of these ions in rabbit liver is demonstrated here, qualitatively, by MRI. The quantitation of the change in relaxation rates is investigated in excised samples of liver and kidney by study of the magnetic field dependence (dispersion) of the relaxation rates of the protons (NMRD profiles) of tissue water. Results are presented for several sets of experiments, including dose-response data for weakly chelated Mn2+ and time-response data for free and complexed Mn2+. The general findings are that, for liver, the response (the increment in the NMRD profile) is relatively rapid (less than 2 m); that it is relatively independent of how, or in what form, the Mn2+ is introduced; that it persists for several hours (at least); and that it saturates with increasing body load of Mn2+. Moreover, from the form of the NMRD profiles of liver, it is clear that the Mn2+ ions are bound irrotationally, perhaps to cell membrane, and, when introduced in chelated form, can become separated even from strongly associated chelate complexes. For kidney, the results are qualitatively similar, though different in detail.
Development of Pure Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) with Excellent 3D Printability and Macro‐ and Micro‐Structural Properties (2022)

Abstract Unmodified polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has low thermal stability and high hardness. Therefore, using plasticizers as well as thermal stabilizers is inevitable, while it causes serious environmental and health issues. In this work, for the first time, pure food‐grade PVC with potential biomedical applications is processed and 3D printed. Samples are successfully 3D printed using different printing parameters, including velocity, raster angle, nozzle diameter, and layer thickness, and their mechanical properties are investigated in compression, bending, and tension modes. Scanning electron microscopy is also used to evaluate the bonding and microstructure of the printed layers. Among the mentioned printing parameters, raster angle and printing velocity influence the mechanical properties significantly, whereas the layer thickness and nozzle diameter has a little effect. Images from scanning electron microscopy also reveal that printing velocity greatly affects the final part's quality regarding defective voids and rasters’ bonding. The maximum tensile strength of 88.55 MPa is achieved, which implies the superiority of 3D‐printed PVC mechanical properties compared to other commercial filaments. This study opens an avenue to additively manufacture PVC that is the second most‐consumed polymer with cost‐effective and high‐strength features.
FROM QUALITY GURUS AND TQM TO ISO 9001:2015: A REVIEW OF SEVERAL QUALITY PATHS (2015)

A revision of several paths for the Quality journey is presented: from Quality Gurus and Total Quality Management (TQM) models to the ISO 9000 International Standards Series. Since ISO 9001:2008 is now in the revision process to the expected ISO 9001:2015 version, an analysis is made of he proposed changes and the underlying reasons and the impacts foreseen on the more than 1.3 Million certified organizations. This revision should be a step towards TQM and reflect the changes of an increasingly complex, demanding and dynamic environment, while assuring that complying organizations are able to provide conformity products and services that satisfy their customers. Major benefits are expected such as less emphasis on documentation and new/reinforced approaches: consideration of Organizational Context and (relevant) Stakeholders, Risk Based thinking and Knowledge Management. Comments and recommendations are presented for organizations wishing to implement or update their Quality Systems accordingly to ISO 9001:2015.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,6‐Di‐tert‐butoxyhexadiene‐2,4. (1987)

Abstract Die katalytische Dimerisierung von Propargyl‐tert.‐butylether (I) in Gegenwart von Synthesegas führt bei Konversionsgraden von 90 ‐ 95% zurim Titel genannten Verbindung (II).
Immunological Impairment of Pregnancy in Mice by Lactate Dehydrogenase-X (1974)

(New Zealand White) were obtained commercially. All animals were caged under a 12-h daily artificial light regimen at a temperature of 22-25#{176}C and maintained on a diet of Purina chow with fre. access to water.
Nearest neighbour: a test to see if data points attract each other, repel each other or are randomly distributed (2008)

In this note the Nearest Neighbour Index is investigated in three cases, linear, 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional. In each case the formula is investigated and the numerical values for the data points to be viewed as attracting each other, repelling each other or being randomly distributed are justified. Also, in each of the three cases mentioned above, when we have a random distribution of data points we have created an approximate (exact in the linear case) probability density function for D, the distance from a point to its nearest neighbour, and obtained its mean and variance. In each case a rough statistical test is devised to be able to conclude if the data points are clustered, avoiding or randomly distributed.
An International Multicenter Study Assessing the Role of Ethnicity on Variation of Lumbar Facet Joint Orientation and the Occurrence of Degenerative Spondylolisthesis in Asia Pacific: A Study from the AOSpine Asia Pacific Research Collaboration Consortium (2015)

Study Design A multinational, multiethnic, cross-sectional image-based study was performed in 33 institutions, representing 10 countries, which were part of the AOSpine Asia Pacific Research Collaboration Consortium. Objective Lumbar facet joint orientation has been reported to be associated with the development of degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS). The role of ethnicity regarding facet joint orientation remains uncertain. As such, the following study was performed across a wide-ranging population base to assess the role of ethnicity in facet joint orientation in patients with DS in the Asia Pacific region. Methods Lateral standing X-rays and axial magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained for patients with lumbar DS. The DS parameters and facet joint angulations were assessed from L3-S1. Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and ethnicity were also noted. Results The study included 371 patients with known ethnic origin (mean age: 62.0 years; 64% males, 36% females). The mean BMI was 25.6 kg/m(2). The level of DS was most prevalent at L4-L5 (74.7%). There were 28.8% Indian, 28.6% Japanese, 18.1% Chinese, 8.6% Korean, 6.5% Thai, 4.9% Caucasian, 2.7% Filipino, and 1.9% Malay patients. Variations in facet joint angulations were noted from L3 to S1 and between patients with and without DS (p < 0.05). No differences were noted with regards to sex and overall BMI to facet joint angulations (p > 0.05); however, increasing age was found to increase the degree of angulation throughout the lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Accounting for age and the presence or absence of DS at each level, no statistically significant differences between ethnicity and degree of facet joint angulations from L3-L5 were noted (p > 0.05). Ethnic variations were noted in non-DS L5-S1 facet joint angulations, predominantly between Caucasian, Chinese, and Indian ethnicities (p < 0.05). Conclusions This study is the first to suggest that ethnicity may not play a role in facet joint orientation in the majority of cases of DS in the Asia-Pacific region. Findings from this study may facilitate future comparative studies in other multiethnic populations. An understanding of ethnic variability may assist in identifying those patients at risk of postsurgical development or progression of DS. This study also serves as a model for large-scale multicenter studies across different ethnic groups and cultural boundaries in Asia.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF RADIOLABELED COMPOUNDS. PART 39. PREPARATION OF 5,6‐DIHYDRO‐2‐METHYL‐1,4‐OXATHIIN‐3‐CARBOXANILIDE PHENYL‐U‐14C (CARBOXIN), CARBOXIN SULFOXIDE‐ AND CARBOXIN SULFONE PHENYL‐U‐14C (1978)

Abstract Der Ester (I), der aus α‐Chloracetessigsäureester und 2‐Mercapto‐ethanol dargestellt wird, wird einer alkalischen Hydrolyse unterworfen und anschließend mit Thionylchlorid zum Säurechlorid (II) umgesetzt.
Autonomous Catalytic Nanomotors Based on 2D Magnetic Nanoplates (2019)

Engineering the shape of nanoparticles has emerged as an effective approach for optimizing their physical/chemical properties. In particular, two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures with their high surface area/volume ratio have opened up exciting opportunities for developing advanced anisotropic materials and facilitating chemical processes that demand high levels of surface interactions. Although the great potential of low-dimensional 2D nanoswimmers has been suggested by theoretical works, very little experimental study has been undertaken thus far. Here we fabricated a low-dimensional magnetic nanomotor based on discotic barium ferrite nanoplates. We demonstrated that the “fuel-to-motion” behavior and the enhanced diffusion of nanoswimmers are not limited to just 0D nanospheres or 1D nanorods but are also applicable to 2D nanoplates. In addition, the 2D nanoswimmers showed excellent catalytic performance in removing molecular and particle stains on cloth likely due to their catalytic activity as well as active locomotion that enhanced microconvection of solution. This study validated a new self-powered nanomachine for cleaning application without any requirement of surfactants or external mechanical energy.
Genome‐wide profiling of chromosomal alterations in renal cell carcinoma using high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism arrays (2009)

The identification of genetic aberrations may help understand the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and has important implications in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. We applied Illumina's 317K high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays to profile chromosomal aberrations in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from 80 patients and analyzed the association of LOH/amplification events with clinicopathological characteristics and telomere length. The most common loss of heterozygosity (LOH) were 3p (69 cases) including 38 whole 3p arm losses, 30 large fragment LOH (spanning 3p21-36), and 1 interstitial LOH (spanning 3p12-14, 3p21-22, 3p24.1-24.2 and 3p24.3), followed by chromosome losses at 8p12-pter, 6q23.3-27, 14q24.1-qter, 9q32-qter, 10q22.3-qter, 9p13.3-pter, 4q28.3-qter and 13q12.1-21.1. We also found several smallest overlapping regions of LOH that contained tumor suppressor genes. One smallest LOH in 8p12 had a size of 0.29 Mb and only contained one gene (NRG1). The most frequent chromosome gains were at 5q (32 cases), including 10 whole 5q amplification, 21 large amplifications encompassing 5q32-ter and 1 focal amplification in 5q35.3 (0.42 Mb). The other common chromosome gains were 1q25.1-qter, 7q21.13-qter, 8q24.12-qter and whole 7p arm. Significant associations of LOH at 9p, 9q, 14q and 18q were observed with higher nuclear grade. Significant associations with tumor stage were observed for LOH at 14q, 18p and 21q. Finally, we found that tumors with LOH at 2q, 6p, 6q, 9p, 9q and 17p had significantly shorter telomere length than those without LOH. This is the first study to use Illumina's SNP-CGH array that provides a close estimate of the size and frequency of chromosome LOH and amplifications of ccRCC. The identified regions and genes may become diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as potential targets of therapy.
Manipulating III–V Nanowire Transistor Performance via Surface Decoration of Metal‐Oxide Nanoparticles (2017)

Recently, III–V semiconductor nanowires (NWs) are widely investigated as field‐effect transistors (FETs) for high‐performance electronics, optoelectronic, and others; nevertheless, effective control in their device performances, especially the threshold voltage is still not well attained, which can potentially limit their practical uses for technological applications. This study reports a simple but highly reliable metal‐oxide nanoparticle (NP) surface decoration approach onto the device channel in order to manipulate electrical characteristics of III–V NWFETs, such as the threshold voltage and transistor operation, through the manipulation of free electrons in the NW channel (i.e., InAs, InP, and In 0.7 Ga 0.3 As) via depositing various metal‐oxide NPs with different work functions. Without any passivation layer, this decoration approach can yield the stable NW device characteristics in ambient. Notably, the versatility of our decoration scheme has also been illustrated through the realization of high‐performance enhancement‐mode InAs NW‐paralleled‐arrayed devices as well as the configuration of highly efficient InAs NW NMOS inverters, comprising of both depletion and enhancement mode devices. All these results further elucidate the technological potential of this decoration approach for future high‐performance, low‐power nanoelectronic device fabrication, and circuit integration.
Etude morphologique des poudres. Applications au titanate de baryum et à l'alumine (1991)

Dans cet article, nous nous sommes penchés plus particulièrement sur l'étude de la forme de particules et d'agrégats de poudres BaTiO3 et AI2O3, présentant des caractéristiques physico-chimiques très différentes, dans le but de caractériser morphologiquement des milieux pulvérulents. Bien que l'analyse de la forme puisse s'effectuer à deux échelles différentes permettant d'accéder, soit à la silhouette, soit à la rugosité des particules ou des agrégats, nous n'avons abordé ici, dans un premier temps, que l'étude de la silhouette. Nous avons pour cela sélectionné un certain nombre d'indices de forme et recherché des corrélations par analyse statistique.
Effects of preinduced Candida-specific systemic cell-mediated immunity on experimental vaginal candidiasis (1994)

It has been postulated that systemic cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is an important host defense factor against recurrent vaginal infections caused by Candida albicans. Using an estrogen-dependent murine model of vaginal candidiasis, we have previously shown that mice inoculated vaginally with C. albicans acquire a persistent vaginal infection and develop Candida-specific Th1-type systemic CMI. In the present study, experimental vaginitis was monitored in the presence of preinduced systemic Candida-specific CMI. Mice immunized systemically with C. albicans culture filtrate antigens (CaCF) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) had Th1-type reactivity similar to that of vaginally infected mice. CaCF given to mice intravenously induced Candida-specific suppressor T (Ts) cells. Mice preimmunized with CaCF-CFA and given a vaginal inoculum of C. albicans had positive delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactivity from the time of vaginal inoculation through 4 weeks. Conversely, mice infected in the presence of Ts cells had significantly reduced DTH responses throughout the 4-week period in comparison with naive infected mice. However, the presence of Th1-type Candida-specific DTH cells or Ts cells, either induced in mice prior to vaginal inoculation or adoptively transferred at the time of inoculation, had no effect on the vaginal Candida burden through 4 weeks of infection. A similar lack of effects was obtained in animals with lower Candida population levels resulting from a reduction in or absence of exogenous estrogen. These results suggest that systemic Th1-type CMI demonstrable with CaCF is unrelated to protective events at the level of the vaginal mucosa.
Consequences of long-term infrastructure decisions—the case of self-healing roads and their CO2 emissions (2019)

Abstract What could be the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions if the conventional way of maintaining roads is changed? Emissions of greenhouse gases must be reduced if global warming is to be avoided, and urgent political and technological decisions should be taken. However, there is a lock-in in built infrastructures that is limiting the rate at which emissions can be reduced. Self-healing asphalt is a new type of technology that will reduce the need for fossil fuels over the lifetime of a road pavement, at the same time as prolonging the road lifespan. In this study we have assessed the benefits of using self-healing asphalt as an alternative material for road pavements employing a hybrid input–output-assisted Life-Cycle Assessment, as only by determining the plausible scenarios of future emissions will policy makers identify pathways that might achieve climate change mitigation goals. We have concluded that self-healing roads could prevent a considerable amount of emissions and costs over the global road network: 16% lower emissions and 32% lower costs compared to a conventional road over the lifecycle.
QoS for IP/MPLS Networks (2006)

Chapter 1 QoS Technology Overview IP QoS Architectures Integrated Services Differentiated Services MPLS Support for IntServ MPLS Support for DiffServ E-LSP L-LSP DiffServ Tunneling Models over MPLS Traffic-Management Mechanisms Traffic Classification Traffic Marking Traffic Policing Traffic Shaping Congestion Management Active Queue Management Link Fragmentation and Interleaving Header Compression QoS Signaling Resource Reservation Protocol Other QoS Signaling Mechanisms Summary References Chapter 2 MPLS TE Technology Overview MPLS TE Introduction Basic Operation of MPLS TE Link Information Distribution Path Computation TE LSP Signaling Traffic Selection DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering Class-Types and TE-Classes Bandwidth Constraints Fast Reroute Link Protection Node Protection Summary References Chapter 3 Cisco QoS Cisco QoS Behavioral Model Classification Component Pre-Queuing Component Queuing Component Post-Queuing Component Modular QoS Command-Line Interface Hardware Support for the MQC Traffic-Management Mechanisms Hierarchical Configurations Percentage-Based Rates Parameter Units Processing of Local Traffic Summary References Chapter 4 Cisco MPLS Traffic Engineering Basic Operation of MPLS TE Enabling MPLS TE Defining a TE Tunnel Interface Link Information Distribution Using IS-IS for Link Information Distribution Path Computation Signaling of TE LSPs Traffic Selection DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering (DS-TE) Fast Reroute (FRR) Summary References Chapter 5 Backbone Infrastructure Backbone Performance Performance Requirements for Different Applications Segmentation of Performance Targets Factors Affecting Performance Targets Latency Versus Link Utilization Reference Network Edge Nodes QoS Design Alternatives Best-Effort Backbone Best-Effort Backbone with MPLS TE DiffServ Backbone DiffServ Backbone with MPLS TE DiffServ Backbone with DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering Adding MPLS TE FRR What Design Should I Use? Summary References Appendix A Command Reference for Cisco MPLS Traffic Engineering and RSVP 1587052334TOC051406
Contention resolving optimal priority assignment for event-triggered model predictive controllers (2017)

Priority-based scheduling strategies are often used to resolve contentions in resource constrained networked control systems (NCSs). Such scheduling strategies inevitably introduce time delays into controls. Considering the coupling between priority assignment and control, this paper proposes a novel method to co-design priority assignments and controls for each control loop in NCSs. The co-design aims to minimize the performance degradation caused by time delays. The priority assignment is determined by a path planning approach to search for optimal priority assignments. Model predictive controllers are designed based on optimizing priority assignments to compute optimal controls. Simulations are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.