gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of different 3D culture systems to study tumor phenotype and chemosensitivity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2016)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant disease with a very poor prognosis, due to the influence of the tumor stroma, which promotes tumor growth, early invasion and chemoradiation resistance. Efforts to develop models for identifying novel anticancer therapeutic compounds have been hampered by the limited ability of in vitro models to mimic these in vivo tumor-stroma interactions. This has led to the development of various three-dimensional (3D) culture platforms recapitulating the in vivo tumor-stroma crosstalk and designed to better understand basic cancer processes and screen drug action. However, a consensus for different experimental 3D platforms is still missing in PDAC. We compared four PDAC cell lines of different malignancy grown in 2D monolayers to three of the more commonly used 3D techniques (ultralow adhesion concave microwells, Matrigel inclusion and organotypic systems) and to tumors derived from their orthotopic implantation in mice. In these 3D platforms, we observed that cells grow with very different tumor morphologies and the organotypic setting most closely resembles the tumor cytoarchitecture obtained by orthotopically implanting the four cell lines in mice. We then analyzed the molecular and cellular responses of one of these cell lines to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) stimulation with EGF and inhibition with erlotinib and found that only in the 3D platforms, and especially the organotypic, cells: i) responded to EGF by changing the expression of signalling components underlying cell-stroma crosstalk and tissue architecture, growth, invasion and drug resistance (E-cadherin, EGFR, ezrin, β1 integrin, NHERF1 and HIF-1α) similar to those reported in vivo; ii) had stimulated growth and increased erlotinib sensitivity in response to EGF, more faithfully mimicking their known in vivo behaviour. Altogether, these results, indicate the organotypic as the most relevant physiological 3D system to study the complex tumor stroma interactions driving progression and determining chemio-resistance.
Erratum to “Basal Cell Carcinoma Pathology Requests and Reports Are Lacking Important Information” (2019)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2019/4876309.].
On the Potential of Full Duplex Communication in 5G Small Cell Networks (2015)

Full duplex communication promises a 100% throughput gain by doubling the number of simultaneous transmissions. In a multi-cell scenario, increasing the number of simultaneous transmissions correspondingly increases the number of interference streams observed at a particular receiver. As such, the potential throughput gain may not be 100% as promised. In this study, we evaluate the performance of full duplex communication in a dense small cell scenario as targeted by future 5th Generation (5G) radio access technology under the ideal assumptions of a full buffer, always active traffic model and perfect self interference cancellation. Advanced interference suppression/cancellation receivers are featured as well. Full duplex communication is found to provide about 30-40% mean throughput gain over half duplex transmissions for indoor scenarios, which provides an indication of the maximum throughput gains that can be achieved with full duplex communication in indoor scenarios under such idealized assumptions.
<title>Anion-selective CHEMFETs</title> (1997)

In this paper the first nitrite-selective and perchlorate- selective CHEMFETs based on plasticized PVC membrane containing anion-sensitive receptors were presented. The designed sensors exhibit good selectivities for primary ions over other inorganic anions and show linear responses in the range 1 - 3.5 of pX<SUP>-</SUP> with a slope of 32 - 42 mV decade<SUP>-1</SUP>. These microdevices can be applied in the determination and the monitoring of nitrite and perchlorate anions (even in the presence of some interfering ions).
Matching Methods with Problems: A Comparative Analysis of Constructive Induction Approaches (1994)

This paper provides a taxonomy of constructive induction problems and reports on an empirical comparison of several constructive induction methods. In this paper a representation space is said to be poorly suited for learning because of three types of problems: 1) inappropriate attributes or attribute values, 2) incomplete attribute values, attribute sets or examples and 3) incorrect attributes or examples. Most current constructive induction methods are designed to correct one of these types (or sub-types) of problems which limits the types of problems for which this method is effective. In order to build a more general multistrategy method of constructive induction an understanding of when some methods for constructive induction are useful and when they fail is important. Five methods of constructive induction are evaluated: DCI attribute construction (AQDCI) , HCI attribute construction (AQ-HCI(ADD)), HCI attribute removal (AQ-HCI(REMOVE)), HCI construction and removal (AQ-HCI), and...
Modeling of laser-pumped Tm and Ho lasers accounting for upconversion and ground-state depletion (1996)

Models for numerical simulations of laser-pumped thulium- and thulium-holmium-doped lasers have been developed. In the models, upconversion losses and ground-state depletion in both thulium and holmium are accounted for, as well as spatial dependencies of the pump and resonator modes. The models apply to CW operation and to the build-up of population inversion prior to lasing in pulsed modes of operation. It is shown that upconversion losses in Tm:Ho:YAG significantly reduce the output from the laser in both CW and Q-switched mode. Simulations of CW lasers show good agreement with experimental results.
Performance of Recycled Asphalt Shingles in Hot Mix Asphalt: TPF-5(213) (2013)

US transportation agencies have been increasingly using recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) in hot mix asphalt (HMA) applications over the last 25 years. Initial use of RAS started with recycled postmanufacturers shingles, but now agencies are showing a growing interest in using post-consumer (tear-off) RAS in asphalt applications. Post-consumer asphalt shingles typically have 20 to 30 percent asphalt by weight of the shingles as well as fine aggregates, mineral filler, polymers, and cellulosic fibers from the shingle backing. Each year, an estimated 10 million tons of post-consumer shingles are placed in landfills in the US. Utilization of this waste product presents an opportunity to replace virgin asphalt binder with the RAS binder while taking advantage of the additional fibers which can improve performance. Thus, a material that has historically been deemed a solid waste and has been placed in landfills can decrease pavement costs and reduce the burden on ever-decreasing landfill space.
On the Synthesis and Enantiomeric Purity of (

S

)-4-Acetyl-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-Dioxolane (1986)

Abstract The title ketone has been synthesised in 96% e.e. from the corresponding methyl ester and MeLi. The [α]D value for the product was considerably higher than values previously reported for the enantiomer.
Strengthening of Alkali Halides by Divalent‐Ion Additions (1973)

Single crystals of NaCl, NaBr, KCl, and KBr containing divalent additions of Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , and Ba 2+ were tested mechanically. In the solution‐treated condition, the yield strength, σ v , as determined from compression testing in a 〈100〉 direction is essentially dependent on the concentration of the dopant only and is independent of the species of either the dopant or of the host material. All crystals soften on aging, with the exception of the NaCl:Ca 2+ , NaBr:Ca 2+ , and NaBr:Sr 2+ systems. In addition, correlation was good between σ v , and the Knoop hardness number, H , obtained by indentation with the long axis of the indenter aligned in 〈100〉. The equation is of the form σ v = C ( H–H 0 ), where C ≅ 0.21 for all four halide families and H 0 is near the hardness value of the pure halides. Furthermore, H 0 ≅5×10 −3 E 111 , the Young's modulus in the 〈111〉 direction. Hence σ v ≅0.21 H –10 −3 E 111 .
Fast Decoding of Rate-Compatible Punctured LDPC Codes (2007)

While rate-compatible punctured low-density parity-check (RCP-LDPC) codes offer high flexibility in terms of code rate at a relatively low cost in implementation complexity, they are reported to require more decoding iterations than unpunctured LDPC codes. In this paper <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> we consider layered belief propagation decoding and propose efficient check node layering that significantly accelerates the decoding convergence of RCP-LDPC codes. We show that the proposed layering outperforms both random layering and conventional BP decoding. The performance improvements become more distinctive at high rates and they come at no additional implementation cost.
Lack of Comparability of Intact Parathyroid Hormone Measurements among Commercial Assays for End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: Implication for Treatment Decisions (2006)

Noncomparability among iPTH assays remains a distinct problem for the management of ESRD patients. These results should be taken into consideration when determining the course of medical treatment based on measured iPTH concentrations.
Limited effect of anatomical insert geometry on in vitro laxity in balanced anatomic posterior cruciate ligament retaining total knee arthroplasty (2021)

Insert geometry seems to have a limited effect with respect to AP translation and VV laxity, in the well-balanced PCL-retaining TKA with an anatomical femoral component. Secondly, AP translation and VV laxity in the reconstructed knee approximated the laxity of the native knee.
Biotic stress globally downregulates photosynthesis genes (2010)

To determine if damage to foliage by biotic agents, including arthropods, fungi, bacteria and viral pathogens, universally downregulates the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis, we compared transcriptome data from microarray experiments after twenty two different forms of biotic damage on eight different plant species. Transcript levels of photosynthesis light reaction, carbon reduction cycle and pigment synthesis genes decreased regardless of the type of biotic attack. The corresponding upregulation of genes coding for the synthesis of jasmonic acid and those involved in the responses to salicylic acid and ethylene suggest that the downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes was part of a defence response. Analysis of the sub-cellular targeting of co-expressed gene clusters revealed that the transcript levels of 84% of the genes that carry a chloroplast targeting peptide sequence decreased. The majority of these downregulated genes shared common regulatory elements, such as G-box (CACGTG), T-box (ACTTTG) and SORLIP (GCCAC) motifs. Strong convergence in the response of transcription suggests that the universal downregulation of photosynthesis-related gene expression is an adaptive response to biotic attack. We hypothesize that slow turnover of many photosynthetic proteins allows plants to invest resources in immediate defence needs without debilitating near term losses in photosynthetic capacity.
Supplementary Table 2 from Integrative Array-Based Approach Identifies MZB1 as a Frequently Methylated Putative Tumor Suppressor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 60KB, Eleven candidates for epigenetically silenced genes in HCC cells identified through our integrated array-based approach.&lt;/p&gt;
Data from Identification of Differentially Regulated Splice Variants and Novel Exons in Glial Brain Tumors Using Exon Expression Arrays (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Aberrant splice variants are involved in the initiation and/or progression of glial brain tumors. We therefore set out to identify splice variants that are differentially expressed between histologic subgroups of gliomas. Splice variants were identified using a novel platform that profiles the expression of virtually all known and predicted exons present in the human genome. Exon-level expression profiling was done on 26 glioblastomas, 22 oligodendrogliomas, and 6 control brain samples. Our results show that Human Exon arrays can identify subgroups of gliomas based on their histologic appearance and genetic aberrations. We next used our expression data to identify differentially expressed splice variants. In two independent approaches, we identified 49 and up to 459 exons that are differentially spliced between glioblastomas and oligodendrogliomas, a subset of which (47% and 33%) were confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). In addition, exon level expression profiling also identified &gt;700 novel exons. Expression of ∼67% of these candidate novel exons was confirmed by RT-PCR. Our results indicate that exon level expression profiling can be used to molecularly classify brain tumor subgroups, can identify differentially regulated splice variants, and can identify novel exons. The splice variants identified by exon level expression profiling may help to detect the genetic changes that cause or maintain gliomas and may serve as novel treatment targets. [Cancer Res 2007;67(12):5635–8]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Silver ion catalyzed rearrangements of strained .sigma. bonds. Application to the homocubyl and 1,1'-bishomocubyl systems (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilver ion catalyzed rearrangements of strained .sigma. bonds. Application to the homocubyl and 1,1'-bishomocubyl systemsLeo A. Paquette and John C. StowellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 8, 2584–2586Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00711a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00711a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views294Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Table of Contents and Introduction (2009)

An introductory message from J. Mariner Kemper for the 4th Annual Symphony in the Flint Hills, a map of the Flint Hills, and the table of contents.
A metallo-amphiphile with unusual memory behaviour: effect of temperature and structure on the self-assembly of triethylene glycol (TEG)–pendant platinum(ii) bzimpy complexes (2014)

Through the incorporation of triethylene glycol (TEG) units into platinum(II) bzimpy complexes and by various spectroscopic and microscopy studies, an unusual thermo-responsive behaviour, which is distinct from those of other ethylene glycol–pendant compounds, was observed. The unprecedented existence of the large hysteresis resulting from the supramolecular assembly of the platinum(II) metallo-amphiphile has enabled the memory capability of the system.
Topical Meeting on Optical Fiber Communication, Washington, D.C., March 6–8,1979 (1979)

A review is given of the most interesting results presented at the Topical Meeting on Optical Fiber Communication, which was held in Washington, D.C., in March 1979.
Genetic determinants of cancer coagulopathy, angiogenesis and disease progression. (2006)

Progression of human malignancies is accompanied by vascular events, such as formation and remodeling of blood vessels and systemic coagulopathy. Though long appreciated as comorbidity of cancer (Trousseau syndrome), vascular involvement is increasingly recognized as a central pathogenetic mechanism of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. The major outstanding question in relation to this role has been, whether vascular perturbations are simply a reaction to the conditions of the tumor microenvironment, or are linked to the known genetic lesions causal for the onset and progression of malignancy. In this regard, we have previously hypothesized, and recently demonstrated experimentally that deregulation of certain hemostatic mechanisms, namely upregulation of tissue factor (TF) and possibly other changes (e.g. expression of thrombin receptor - PAR-1) are controlled by cancer-associated oncogenic events, such as activation of K-ras, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in various human cancer cells. It appears that these respective transforming alterations exert their impact on both, cell-associated and soluble/circulating (microvesicle- associated) TF, i.e. may cause a systemic hypercoagulable state. Other genes, which more recently emerged as regulators of cancer coagulopathy include: PML-RARalpha, PTEN, and MET. While the spectrum of procoagulant targets of these genes may vary somewhat it includes: TF, PAI-1, COX-2 and possibly other hemostatic proteins. It is noteworthy that these prothrombotic changes may impact the malignant process directly (e.g. stimulate angiogenesis, tumor growth or metastasis) as a consequence of both coagulation-dependent and -independent effects. The latter are mostly related to cellular signaling events and changes in gene expression which are now known to be induced by the TF/FVIIa/Xa complex, thrombin and PARs, expressed on the surface of cancer cells, as well as tumor-associated endothelium. Interestingly, certain anticoagulants possess antimetastatic and anticancer properties (e.g. LMWH), an observation that further suggests that hypercoagulability may act as an effector mechanism of genetically driven tumor progression. Conversely, we suggest that oncogene-directed (targeted) anticancer agents could, at least in some cases, ameliorate not only cellular transformation itself, but also some of the chronic components of the cancer-related coagulopathy, something that may be relevant to therapeutic efficacy of these drugs. We also postulate that since TF is the oncogene target, circulating TF (microparticles) could serve as surrogate marker of the biological activity oncogene-directed agents exert in vivo. Thus, both genetic and epigenetic factors appear to conspire to activate various components of the hemostatic system in cancer patients, both locally and systemically. These activities act as mediators of cancer coagulopathy, angiogenesis, metastasis and other events involved in disease progression and should be recognized in designing better anticancer therapies.
Fast Water-Exchange Gd3+-(DO3A-like) Complex Functionalized with Aza-15-Crown-5 Showing Prolonged Residence Lifetime in Vivo (2006)

A bis-hydrated Gd3+ complex based on tris acetic acid-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3A) that was functionalized with aza-15-crown-5 demonstrated a nearly optimal water-exchanging rate (k(ex) = 3.1 x 10(7) s(-1)) and low acute cytotoxicity. Efficient magnetic resonance signal intensity enhancements and prolonged residence lifetime induced by this small molecular complex in vivo were demonstrated even with one-fifth of the standard dosage used in the clinic.
Influence of Using Purged and Partially Penetrating Monitoring Wells on Contaminant Detection, Mapping, and Modeling (1989)

ABSTRACT An analytical transport model is presented for evaluating vertically averaged concentration data derived from purged and partially penetrating monitoring wells. The model is applicable to continuous contaminant emission from a finite source with longitudinal advection, and three‐dimensional dispersion. The model is used to investigate how screened length may influence contaminant detection, mapping, and modeling. Sensitivity analyses suggest that contaminant concentrations determined from monitoring wells may underestimate the level of aquifer contamination, depending on screened depth, location of the well relative to the contaminant source, the vertical source dimension, and degree of vertical plume spreading. The magnitude of this effect may be comparable to, and in excess of, concentration biases related to construction materials and sampling procedures. Additional screened interval influences may include: underestimates of contamination extent and migration rate; apparent indications of attenuation processes and steady‐state conditions; over‐ estimates of vertical contaminant spreading; increased time of contaminant detection; and poor transport model predictions, owing to well‐biased concentration distributions.
An individual patient data meta-analysis of the long-term outcome of randomised studies comparing intravesical mitomycin C versus bacillus Calmette-Guérin for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (2009)

Surveyincidence estimates in the BCG group (p=0.005).There was a weak trend for fewer progressions (p=0.1) and cancer-specific deaths (p=0.2) in the cumulative incidence analysis, as 4 patients versus 10 patients progressed and 4 patients versus 9 patients died from the disease in the BCG group versus the MMC group, respectively.No difference existed in the overall mortality.The study population, however, was too small for conclusive evidence about progression or survival.Conclusions: An intensive intravesical BCG immunotherapy results in a sustained and significant long-term reduction in recurrence in frequently recurrent bladder carcinoma.The relatively low progression rate during the long follow-up suggests that it may be difficult to show significant differences in overall mortality with a substantially larger but otherwise similar study population.Trial Registration: Registration was not considered to be necessary at this stage of the follow-up because the study was initiated as early as 1984 and the last randomisation took place in July 1987, that is, long before the current requirements concerning study registrations were implemented.
Thermoelastic Problems for the Anisotropic Elastic Half-Plane (2004)

By applying the extended version of Stroh’s formalism, the two-dimensional thermoelastic problem for a semi-infinite anisotropic elastic half-plane is formulated. The steady-state heat transfer condition is assumed and the technique of analytical continuation is employed; the formulation leads to the Hilbert problem, which can be solved in closed form. The general solutions due to different kinds of thermal and mechanical boundary conditions are obtained. The results show that unlike the two-dimensional thermoelastic problem for an isotropic media, where a simply-connected elastic body in a state of plane strain or plane stress remains stress free if the temperature distribution is harmonic and the boundaries are free of traction, the stress within the semi-infinite anisotropic media will generally not equal zero even if the boundary is free of traction.