gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure, Morphology, and Sporogenesis of Pasteuria penetrans (1997)

ABSTRACT Pasteuria penetrans is a bacterial parasite of root-knot nematodes that shows great potential as a biocontrol agent. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the ultrastructure, morphology, and sporogenesis of four isolates of P. penetrans. The effects of different Meloidogyne spp. and tobacco cultivars on sporangium size and morphology of endospores attached to the cuticle of second-stage juveniles (J2) of root-knot nematodes also were investigated. The P. penetrans isolates and their origins were P-20 from M. arenaria race 1 in Levy County, FL; P-100 from Meloidogyne sp. in Pasco County, FL; B-4 from Pratylenchus scribneri in Seminole County, FL; and P-120 from Meloidogyne spp. in Alachua County, FL. Sporangia of the four isolates were identical morphologically and similar in their dimensions, ranging from 2.39 to 3.42 mum in diameter and from 1.38 to 2.38 mum in height. Different Meloidogyne spp. and tobacco cultivars had no effect on sporangium size. Endospores attached to J2 were visualized in three forms: endospores retaining the sporangium wall, endospores covered with a thin exosporium, and endospores without covering. Sporogenesis of P. penetrans was similar to that of other gram-positive bacteria and generally matched the seven-stage scheme reported for Bacillus thuringiensis.
Effectiveness of PET/CT and VATS for detecting and treating internal mammary lymph node metastasis: a case series (2023)

Radiotherapy is the standard treatment for suspected internal mammary lymph node metastasis detected using positron emission tomography/computed tomography; however, we could safely perform minimally invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery resection, leading to a definite pathological diagnosis.
Memory Repair by Die Stacking with through Silicon Vias (2009)

As we adopt more advanced process technologies, the volume production of memory devices, such as DRAM and Flash, becomes more difficult. It seems inevitable that during the ramp-up period, the initial manufacturing yield will be lower, and it takes more time and effort to improve the yield to a reasonable level. Although redundancy can be used to improve the yield eventually, the reserved spares may not be enough at the beginning, so most dies may be irreparable. We propose the usage of three-dimensional (3D) integration to achieve yield enhancement. Through silicon vias (TSVs) patch good memory blocks in a bad die with those in another bad die by bonding them together and enabling the built-in circuit. The die stack has the same functionality, though slightly increases delay and power. Nevertheless, if the production yield takes a long time to achieve, the 3D patched memory is deemed to be a transitional-period product. It does help to shorten time-to-market and make the irreparable memories profitable.
Raman Effect in Selenium–Tellurium Mixed Crystals (1972)

Abstract The Raman effect in selenium–tellurium mixed crystals has been studied. Four first order Raman lines have been observed and associated with long wavelength lattice modes of the alloy system. The experimental results together with existing infrared data indicate that the long wavelength modes from three of the six optical branches in these trigonal crystals show “multimode behaviour” while the other three branches show “one mode behaviour”. All the experimental data are compared to and discussed in connection with an existing random‐element‐isodisplacement model calculation of the eigenfrequencies of the lattice modes as a function of composition. The calculated frequencies and the predictions of the model for the behaviour of the long wavelength lattice modes are in, at least, qualitative agreement with the experimental data.
Harnessing facebook for the evaluation of recommender systems based on physical copresence (2008)

Various mobile social applications have proposed the use of ad-hoc network connectivity as a means of detecting user encounters and shared social contexts. These applications range from simple opportunistic information sharing to techniques for collaborative filtering in mobile settings. However, it can be difficult and costly to test the underlying assumption that repeated physical co-presence can be used as a measure of user similarity. We have therefore developed a framework that allows existing online social platforms such as Facebook to be coupled with simple, standard mobile applications in order to test such hypotheses. The central idea is to map the physical co-presence of users to connections in virtual social networks and then exploit the rich support for developing pluggable applications to measure user similarity within these networks.
Developing a Model for Grain Refinement in Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Excess attenuation or impedance of common ground surfaces characterized by flow resistance (1979)

The excess attenuation due to the presence of the ground has been measured at several different sites using two fixed configurations of point source and receiver. These were source height 1 ft, and receiver location either 1.5 ft high at 25 ft from the source, or 4 ft high at 50 ft. Assuming that the ground surfaces can be considered locally reacting and that their specific normal impedances can be adequately described by their specific flow resistance (Chessell's model, following Delany and Bazley) we have predicted the spectra of excess attenuation using flow resistance as parameter. Comparing a measured spectrum of excess attenuation with the set of predicted spectra enables one to ascribe an approximate value of specific flow resistance to the ground surface. In this way we find the following ranges of values from both our own and other people's measurements: snow (depends strongly on weather conditions and age), 2 to 20 cgs units; shaded ground in mature forest, 25 to 50; plowed and freshly disked sandy loam, about 50; many different grass sites in several countries, 150 to 300; settled earth with many weeds (but not as dense as “grass”), about 800 to 1000; limestone chips of 12 to 1-in. size with open voids, 800 to 2000; hard compacted quarry dust, 1000 to 2000; sandy silt well packed by passage of vehicles, about 1000; concrete or mature asphalt, about 20 000 and perhaps greater.
Comparison of Passive 2-D and 3-D Ring Arrays for Medical Telemetry Focusing (2019)

In this letter, we investigate the performance of subdermal ring designs for focusing electromagnetic fields inside the body for next-generation implantable medical devices. We will concentrate on the Medical Implant Communications Service band (402-405 MHz), but prepare our design at 433 MHz, the nearest Industrial, Scientific, Medical band. The designs include two-dimensional (2-D or coplanar) and 3-D arrays of circular rings and 3-D arrays of ellipses. The 3-D ring and ellipse arrays focus the fields more effectively than 2-D designs, through constructive coupling between the rings. Compared to the case where no rings are used, the power available from the focused field 20 mm below the skin is 2.24 times and 3.12 times larger if 3-D rings and 3-D ellipses are utilized, respectively. Rings can be used for circular polarization applications, and ellipses are more optimal for linear polarization applications.
Assessing liver fibrosis: Comparison of arterial enhancement fraction and diffusion‐weighted imaging (2013)

AEF may be able to detect the presence of mild, moderate, and advanced liver fibrosis, and its value is increased with concomitant use of ADC.
Growth of single conductive nanowires at prescribed loci (2005)

Conductive 75 nm diameter nanowires have been self-assembled from aqueous solution between 15μm gap electrodes on a SiO2 substrate at predefined locations. Nanowire assembly was initiated by application an electric field, and it occurred along the direction of field lines where the field is strongest. Certain salts of palladium, but not of related metals, yielded nanowires under comparable conditions. The simple and straightforward approach to nanowire assembly outlined here could be used for nano/microscale device interconnection at precise positions at room temperature, important for device development, integration, and packaging.
Model for Nonequilibrium Binding and Affinity Chromatography:  Characterization of 8-Hydroxyquinoline Immobilized on Controlled Pore Glass Using a Flow Injection System with a Packed Microcolumn (2000)

This paper discusses the use of pulse techniques for analysis of zonal elution data for the determination of mass-transfer and axial dispersion constants for porous support materials with adsorption to the surface or to a surface-bonded phase. As an example, this paper considers the case of controlled pore glass (CPG) with a bonded phase that is used with microcolumns and a flow injection analysis system. For the CPG, axial dispersion in the form of eddy mixing can be described by l = 0.203, and the overall mass-transfer term, K(OL) = 3.9 x 10(-6) cm/s. Additionally, an affinity chromatography model was adapted to effectively describe systems employing CPG as the support material through modification of equations describing typical affinity chromatography systems and by inclusion of an axial dispersion term in the calculation of N. This model was used to predict breakthrough curves for cadmium adsorption by 8-hydroxyquinolinol immobilized on CPG packed in microcolumns. In general, the information from the model can be used to extract equilibrium-based constants (binding strengths and site capacities) from a nonequilibrium flow system. The data and model can also be employed in determining the performance for scaled-up extraction systems. The modified model is available in EXCEL spreadsheet format as Supporting Information.
Spline Driven: High Accuracy Projectors for Tomographic Reconstruction From Few Projections (2015)

Tomographic iterative reconstruction methods need a very thorough modeling of data. This point becomes critical when the number of available projections is limited. At the core of this issue is the projector design, i.e., the numerical model relating the representation of the object of interest to the projections on the detector. Voxel driven and ray driven projection models are widely used for their short execution time in spite of their coarse approximations. Distance driven model has an improved accuracy but makes strong approximations to project voxel basis functions. Cubic voxel basis functions are anisotropic, accurately modeling their projection is, therefore, computationally expensive. Both smoother and more isotropic basis functions better represent the continuous functions and provide simpler projectors. These considerations have led to the development of spherically symmetric volume elements, called blobs. Set apart their isotropy, blobs are often considered too computationally expensive in practice. In this paper, we consider using separable B-splines as basis functions to represent the object, and we propose to approximate the projection of these basis functions by a 2D separable model. When the degree of the B-splines increases, their isotropy improves and projections can be computed regardless of their orientation. The degree and the sampling of the B-splines can be chosen according to a tradeoff between approximation quality and computational complexity. We quantitatively measure the good accuracy of our model and compare it with other projectors, such as the distance-driven and the model proposed by Long et al. From the numerical experiments, we demonstrate that our projector with an improved accuracy better preserves the quality of the reconstruction as the number of projections decreases. Our projector with cubic B-splines requires about twice as many operations as a model based on voxel basis functions. Higher accuracy projectors can be used to improve the resolution of the existing systems, or to reduce the number of projections required to reach a given resolution, potentially reducing the dose absorbed by the patient.
Right-Sided Diverticulosis and Disparities from Left-Sided Diverticulosis in the Vietnamese Population Living in Boston, Mass., USA: A Retrospective Cohort Study (2015)

RD was common in this Vietnamese population, and the prevalence was higher than in the Caucasian control group.
Association between Gestational Diabetes and Pregnancy-induced Hypertension (2003)

Gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension are common, and their relation is not well understood. The authors conducted a population-based case-control study using 1992-1998 Washington State birth certificate and hospital discharge records to investigate this relation. Consecutive cases of pregnancy-induced hypertension were divided into four groups based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes: eclampsia (n=154), severe preeclampsia (n=1,180), mild preeclampsia (n=5,468), and gestational hypertension (n=8,943). Cases were compared with controls who did not have pregnancy-induced hypertension (n=47,237). Gestational diabetes was more common in each case group (3.9% in eclamptics, 4.5% in severe preeclamptics, and 4.4% in both mild preeclamptics and those with gestational hypertension) than in controls (2.7%). After adjustment for body mass index, age, ethnicity, parity, and prenatal care, gestational diabetes was associated with increased risk of severe preeclampsia (odds ratio (OR)=1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 2.1), mild preeclampsia (OR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.3, 1.8), and gestational hypertension (OR=1.4, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.6). Gestational diabetes was more strongly associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension among women who received less prenatal care (OR=4.2 for eclampsia and OR=3.1 for severe preeclampsia, p<0.05 for both) and among Black women (OR for eclampsia and preeclampsia together=3.9, p<0.05).
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUENTENEFFEKTE BEI ELEKTRONENABSORPTIONSSPEKTREN DER MONOPOSITIVEN IONEN VON PHENOLPHTHALEIN UND PHENOLSULFONPHTHALEIN (1970)

Abstract Zwischen den om‐Hammettkonstanten und den Energien der 2. Banden der Absorptionsspektren der Ionen (I) und (II) besteht ein linearer Zusammenhang.
Epitaxial ferroelectric (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3 thin films on stainless steel by excimer laser liftoff (2000)

Epitaxial (Pb0.90La0.07)(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 (PLZT) films, 1.4 μm in thickness, have been transferred from their (100) MgO growth substrates to stainless-steel receptor substrates. The films on their MgO growth substrates were first attached to 25 μm stainless-steel shims using a transient-liquid-phase Pd–In bonding process, followed by irradiation through the MgO substrate with a single 248 nm excimer laser pulse. The 38 ns pulse at 400 mJ/cm2 fluence melted a thin layer of PLZT at the interface, expelling the MgO and leaving the PLZT film bonded to the stainless-steel receptor substrate. X-ray diffraction analysis of the PLZT films showed that the crystallographic structure of the film is maintained during laser liftoff. Scanning electron microscopy observations of the original interface reveal the presence of a thin quenched-liquid surface layer, as predicted by a thermal model of the process. Electrical testing of the films before and after laser liftoff demonstrated that the ferroelectric properties are retained by the transferred film.
Uplink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access with Space-Time Line Codes (2019)

본 논문은 단일 안테나를 갖는 두 단말기가 두개의 수신 안테나를 갖는 기지국에 동시에 신호를 전송하는 상향링크 비직교 다중 접속 (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access: NOMA) 시스템을 위해 시공간 선 부호 (Space-Time Line Codes: STLC) 기법을 고려한다. 특히, 본 논문에서는 기지국에서 비트 오류율 (Bit Error Rate: BER) 성능향상을 위해 송신 전력 제어 (Power Control: PC) 기법 및 성상도 위상 조향 (Phase Steering: PS) 기법을 제안하고 모의실험을 통해 성능을 비교 분석한다. 기존의 시공간 선 부호 기법을 상향링크 비직교 다중 접속 시스템에 그대로 사용하는 경우 최적 시공간 다이버시티 이득을 얻지 못하고 비트 오류율 성능이 열화 된다. 또한, 설계한 전력 제어 기법을 적용하는 경우 약간의 비트 오률율 성능 향상은 있으나, 최적 시공간 다이버시티 이득은 얻지 못한다. 흥미롭게도 제안한 위상 조향 기법을 적용하는 경우 최적 시공간 다이버시티 이득을 얻으며, 높은 신호대 잡음비 (Signal-to-Noise Ratio: SNR) 구간에서 직교 다중 접속 시스템 (Orthogonal Multiple Access: OMA)에 시공간 선 부호를 사용하는 경우의 BER과 같은 성능을 달성함을 확인하였다.
Partial nitritation for subsequent Anammox to treat high-ammonium leachate (2012)

Nitrogen removal via autotrophic denitrification, an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process, requires an appropriate NO2-N/NH4-N ratio to provide nitrite as an intermediate. In this study, a laboratory-scale Hybrid Sequencing Batch Reactor (HSBR) was implemented for treating high-ammonium raw leachate to yield an appropriate NO2-N/NH4-N mixture as a pretreatment for subsequent Anammox. The optimal operating conditions were examined through the long-term operation of the HSBR. The experimental results showed that the prerequisite ratio of NO2-N/NH4-N was found with an initial ammonium concentration of 1200 mg/L, dissolved oxygen (DO) of 0.5-1.0 mg/L, sludge retention time (SRT) of 3 days and temperature of 31 degrees C, which is essential for the subsequent Anammox process. Moreover, the inhibition of free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) were also examined under a constant pH condition, and it was found that AOB (ammonium oxidation bacteria) had a great ability to adapt to a broad FA and FNA concentration, whereas NOB (nitrite-oxidizing bacteria) were inhibited by either FA or FNA concentration to a certain extent. It appears that partial nitritation could be implemented by facilitating FA and/or suppressing FNA concentration.
Preparation and Characterization of Hydrous Zirconium Oxide Formed by Homogeneous Precipitation (2002)

This paper reports on the preparation, characterization and study of the ion exchange behavior of hydrous zirconium oxides formed by homogeneous precipitation from zirconium oxychloride. The precipitants used were obtained by thermal decomposition of urea, sodium nitrite or ammonium carbonate. Seven compounds were prepared and characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and by surface area measurements. Amorphous forms were obtained in each case, a result that agrees with those obtained by conventional gel precipitation methodology. All these materials present surface area values of >148 m².g-1, determined after heat treatment at 50 °C. The ion exchange behavior of each hydrous zirconium oxide prepared was studied using K+ as the exchanged species and the results compared with those obtained for hydrous zirconium oxide originally precipitated by the sol gel method.
Neue Versuche an Trockenapparaten (1954)

Abstract Aus umfangreichen Untersuchungen an den verschiedensten Trocknertypen 1 wird in dieser Arbeit über die Ergebnisse berichtet, die an Tunnel‐, Mulden‐ sowie Stromtrocknern erhalten wurden. Die Versuche hatten den Zweck, rechnerische Unterlagen für den Entwurf der Trockner zu schaffen.
Cannabis, a complex plant: different compounds and different effects on individuals (2012)

Cannabis is a complex plant, with major compounds such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, which have opposing effects. The discovery of its compounds has led to the further discovery of an important neurotransmitter system called the endocannabinoid system. This system is widely distributed in the brain and in the body, and is considered to be responsible for numerous significant functions. There has been a recent and consistent worldwide increase in cannabis potency, with increasing associated health concerns. A number of epidemiological research projects have shown links between dose-related cannabis use and an increased risk of development of an enduring psychotic illness. However, it is also known that not everyone who uses cannabis is affected adversely in the same way. What makes someone more susceptible to its negative effects is not yet known, however there are some emerging vulnerability factors, ranging from certain genes to personality characteristics. In this article we first provide an overview of the biochemical basis of cannabis research by examining the different effects of the two main compounds of the plant and the endocannabinoid system, and then go on to review available information on the possible factors explaining variation of its effects upon different individuals.
The effect of inhaled verapamil on allergen‐induced bronchoconstriction (1983)

In eight patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma the effect of inhaled verapamil (3 and 6 mg) was compared with saline on bronchial challenge with extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. There was no significant difference in the baseline FEV1 before and after inhalation of saline or verapamil 2.5 mg/ml. However, verapamil at a higher concentration (5 mg/ml) caused bronchoconstriction in four patients who had to be excluded from the part of the study. Verapamil at both these concentrations failed to have an effect on the allergen-induced bronchoconstriction. These findings suggest that verapamil given by inhalation does not prevent mediator release from the lung mast cells following specific allergen challenge.
Research on Measurement Method of Aerodynamic Noise of Reactive Muffler (2020)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The aerodynamic noise of the reactive muffler is generated inside the muffler and mixed with the noise of the muffler body, which is difficult to be measured in the exhaust system. Based on two-microphone transfer function method and transmission loss of mufflers in the absence of airflow, this paper proposes a method for measuring the aerodynamic noise of the muffler. On the built-in muffler aerodynamic noise test bench, a special sampling tube was designed to measure the aerodynamic noise of the muffler at different flow velocity. For the sound absorption end with large reflection coefficient, the test and simulation data have large error at low frequency, and a correction formula that can eliminate the reflection of sound waves at the end of the test pipeline and form multiple reflections in the upstream and downstream is derived. The test results of the muffler on the test bench show: The aerodynamic noise data obtained by the sampling pipe is basically consistent with the simulation results by means of leading out measurement, which realizes the measurement of high noise in the pipe by ordinary sensor. The correction formula can effectively eliminate the influence of the reflected wave caused by the end load on the calculation of the transmission loss, reduce the performance requirements of the end sound absorbing material, and ensure the accuracy of the aerodynamic noise measurement.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Reduction of crossed-field diode transmitted current due to anode secondary emission (1998)

The limiting current theory for planar crossed-field diodes has long been studied extensively for various emission energies and temperatures. However, experimental measurements of transmitted current have shown significant departure from theory. This paper attempts to explain the reduction in transmitted current from that expected in theory in terms of secondary electron emission created by electrons hitting the anode. It is proposed that the presence of the secondary electrons increases the charge density in the gap, thereby reducing the amount of current transmitted. A detailed secondary emission model is implemented in a particle-in-cell code to study current reduction. The effect of secondary electrons on charge density, and on the resultant electric field and potential is also presented.