gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disposable Optical Sensor Chip for Medical Diagnostics:  New Ways in Bioanalysis (1999)

An optical sensor system is described which is particularly well suited for medical point-of-care diagnostics. The system allows for all kinds of immunochemical assay formats and consists of a disposable sensor chip and an optical readout device. The chip is built up from a ground and cover plate with in- and outlet and, between, of an adhesive film with a capillary aperture of 50 microns. The ground plate serves as a solid phase for the immobilization of biocomponents. In the readout device, an evanescent field is generated at the surface of the ground plate by total internal reflection of a laser beam. This field is used for the excitation of fluorophor markers. The generated fluorescence light is detected by a simple optical setup using a photomultiplier tube. Because of the evanescent field excitation, washing or separation steps can be avoided. With this system the pregnancy hormone chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) could be determined in human serum with a detection limit of 1 ng/mL. Recovery values were 86, 106, and 102% for 5, 50, and 100 ng/mL hCG, respectively. The SD in repeated measurements (n = 10) was 5.6%. Furthermore, the feasibility of the system in competitive-type immunoassays was demonstrated for serum theophylline. A linear calibration curve of signal vs theophylline between 1 and 50 mg/L was obtained. Recovery values varied between 118% (10 mg/L) and 81.0% (20 mg/L).
Interpretation of the119SnMössbauer isomer shifts in complex tin chalcogenides (1999)

The main observed trends in the variations of the ${}^{119}\mathrm{Sn}$ M\"ossbauer isomer shift \ensuremath{\delta} for tin chalcogenides are interpreted in terms of the valence electronic populations, and are related to changes in the Sn local environment. First, the values of the valence electron charge density at the nucleus ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{v}(0)$ have been evaluated from a tight-binding calculation for a number of binary compounds in order to check the accuracy of the theoretical approach. A linear correlation between the experimental values of \ensuremath{\delta} and the calculated values of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{v}(0)$ is obtained, providing a mean square radius of the nucleus in the M\"ossbauer transition $\ensuremath{\Delta}〈{r}^{2}〉$ in correct agreement with the previously published values. The same approach is applied to tin chalcogenides with complex structures, and a correct linear correlation between ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{v}(0)$ and \ensuremath{\delta} is obtained. Different series of chalcogenides have been distinguished considering the Sn oxidation state, the type of chalcogen, and the Sn site symmetry. These series correspond to different ranges of experimental values for \ensuremath{\delta} which have been correlated to the calculated values of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{v}(0)$ and the Sn valence electron populations. Finally, a molecular model is proposed which gives simple analytical expressions of the numbers of Sn $5s$ and Sn $5p$ electrons as a function of the Sn site symmetry, the type of chalcogen, and the tin-chalcogen interatomic distance. This model provides a rather simple interpretation of the changes in the values of \ensuremath{\delta} for the different series of chalcogenides.
Identification and Characterization of the Carbohydrate Ligands Recognized by Pertussis Toxin via a Glycan Microarray and Surface Plasmon Resonance (2010)

Binding of pertussis toxin (PTx) was examined by a glycan microarray; 53 positive hits fell into four general groups. One group represents sialylated biantennary compounds with an N-glycan core terminating in alpha2-6-linked sialic acid. The second group consists of multiantennary compounds with a canonical N-glycan core, but lacking terminal sialic acids, which represents a departure from the previous understanding of PTx binding to N-glycans. The third group consists of Neu5Acalpha2-3(lactose or N-acetyllactosamine) forms that lack the branched mannose core found in N-glycans; thus, their presentation is more similar to that of O-linked glycans and glycolipids. The fourth group of compounds consists of Neu5Acalpha2-8Neu5Acalpha2-8Neu5Ac, which is seen in the c series gangliosides and some N-glycans. Quantitative analysis by surface plasmon resonance of the relative affinities of PTx for terminal Neu5Acalpha2-3 versus Neu5Acalpha2-6, as well as the affinities for the trisaccharide Neu5Acalpha2-8Neu5Acalpha2-8Neu5Ac versus disaccharide, revealed identical global affinities, even though the amount of bound glycan varied by 4-5-fold. These studies suggest that the conformational space occupied by a glycan can play an important role in binding, independent of affinity. Characterization of N-terminal and C-terminal binding sites on the S2 and S3 subunits by mutational analysis revealed that binding to all sialylated compounds was mediated by the C-terminal binding sites, and binding to nonsialylated N-linked glycans is mediated by the N-terminal sites present on both the S2 and S3 subunits. A detailed understanding of the glycans recognized by pertussis toxin is essential to understanding which cells are targeted in clinical disease.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY-BASED ELECTRON BEAM INDUCED CURRENT (EBIC) MICROSCOPE (1996)

Measurements of electron beam induced currents (EBIC) can either be performed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), since both microscopes are very similar in their basic assembly. However, a straightforward application of an STM in EBIC-measurements, i.e. the use of a microscope tip as a fine source for low energetic electrons is not possible due to the specific demands on the instrument in an EBIC application. The present paper gives a compilation of these demands and describes their conversion into an optimized STM-EBIC microscope.
Design and testing of a high-speed aerospace permanent magnet starter/generator (2015)

This paper presents the implementation of a surface mounted permanent magnet machine for use as an aerospace starter/generator. The application requires a starting torque significantly exceeding the maximum generator torque, as well as a fail-safe design that can withstand short-circuits. These requirements conflict and the impact on basic inverter and machine performance is analyzed. A machine is designed and analyzed in detail, highlighting winding and rotor eddy-current loss effects. The machine is manufactured and the basic performance is tested to confirm the models.
Molecular Basis of the Death-Associated Protein Kinase–Calcium/Calmodulin Regulator Complex (2010)

Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) provides a model for calcium-bound calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs). Here, we report the crystal structure of the binary DAPK-CaM complex, using a construct that includes the DAPK catalytic domain and adjacent autoregulatory domain. When DAPK was in a complex with CaM, the DAPK autoregulatory domain formed a long seven-turn helix. This DAPK-CaM module interacted with the DAPK catalytic domain through two separate domain-domain interfaces, which involved the upper and the lower lobe of the catalytic domain. When bound to DAPK, CaM adopted an extended conformation, which was different from that in CaM-CaMK peptide complexes. Complementary biochemical analysis showed that the ability of DAPK to bind CaM correlated with its catalytic activity. Because many features of CaM binding are conserved in other CaMKs, our findings likely provide a generally applicable model for regulation of CaMK activity.
Reaction of Grignard Reagents with Dianionic Hexacoordinated Silicon Complexes: Organosilicon Compounds from Silica Gel (1986)

The pyrocatechol complexes 1 are the central intermediates in the synthesis of R3SiR′ (R = Et, nBu; R′ = H, Cl, SiPh3, GePh3, CH2CH = CH2) and R4Si (R = CH2CH = CH2, Ph, CC—CH3) from silica gel. Characteristic of these reactions is that they can be carried out under mild conditions and high yields are obtained.
Atrophy of the cerebellum and brainstem in dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (1997)

To elucidate how the size of the expanded CAG repeat of the gene for dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) and other factors affect the atrophy of the brainstem and cerebellum, and the appearance of high-intensity signals on T2-weighted MRI of the cerebral white matter of patients with DRPLA, we quantitatively analyzed the MRI findings of 26 patients with DRPLA, the diagnosis of which was confirmed by molecular analysis of the DRPLA gene. When we classified the patients into two groups based on the size of the expanded CAG repeat of the DRPLA gene (group 1, number of CAG repeat units > or = 66; group 2, number of CAG repeat units < or = 65), we found strong inverse correlations between the age at MRI and the areas of midsagittal structures of the cerebellum and brainstem in group 1 but not in group 2. Multiple regression analysis, however, revealed that both the patient's age at MRI and the size of the expanded CAG repeat correlated with the areas of midsagittal structures. Involvement of the cerebral white matter as detected on T2-weighted images was observed more frequently in patients belonging to group 2 than in group 1 patients. Furthermore it was demonstrated that high-intensity signals can be detected on T2-weighted images of the cerebral white matter of patients with a largely expanded CAG repeat (group 1) in their thirties. These results suggest that patient age as well as the size of the expanded CAG repeat are related to the degree of atrophy of the brainstem and cerebellum, and the white matter changes in patients with DRPLA.
Hardware-accelerated reconstruction of polygonal isosurface representations on unstructured grids (2004)

Volume visualization using isosurface extraction is a well-researched topic. Research demonstrated that even for unstructured grids peak performances of millions of tetrahedra per second can be achieved by exploiting the parallel processing capabilities of modern GPUs. In this paper we present a hardware-accelerated solution that further improves the extraction performance. In contrary to existing approaches, our technique explicitly extracts the isosurface geometry in a fragment program by rendering only a single screen-sized quadrilateral. The extracted geometry is directly written to an on-board graphics memory object allowing for direct rendering without further bus transfers. Additionally, the geometry can be manipulated by shader programs or read back to the application for further processing. Examples and application scenarios are given that can benefit from our approach.
Transurethral microwave thermotherapy and laser treatment (1997)

During recent years, thousands of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia worldwide have been treated with transurethral microwave thermotherapy and various laser techniques. Last year's publications show developments in both technologies which define increasingly their indications with regard to clinical efficiency and morbidity. According to preliminary data published on high-energy transurethral microwave thermotherapy 2.5, as thermotherapy progresses towards thermoablation there is increased morbidity. Papers concerning laser treatment show the first long-term data comparing the latter with transurethral resection of the prostate, the studies being carried out over a period of 3 years. Results comparing visual laser ablation of the prostate with laser or electrovaporization have also been described, as well as increasing modification of surgical technique by combinations of various methods.
Design of an ontology for the annotation of object models used for medical image simulation (2012)

National audience
Ultrafast high power fiber laser systems (2006)

Fiber laser systems offer unique properties for the amplification of ultrashort pulses to high powers. Two approaches are discussed, the amplification of linearly chirped parabolic pulses and a fiber based chirped pulse amplification system. Using the first method, we succeeded to generate 17-W average power of linearly chirped parabolic pulses at 75 MHz repetition rate and diffraction-limited beam quality in a large-mode-area ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier. The recompression of these pulses with an efficiency of 60% resulted in 80-fs pulses with a peak power of 1.7 MW. Furthermore, we report on a diode-pumped ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber based chirped pulse amplification system delivering 220-fs pulses, at 1040 nm wavelength, 73 MHz repetition rate and up to 131 W average power, corresponding to a peak power of 8 MW. Key element is a diffraction grating compressor consisting of highly efficient transmission gratings in fused silica allowing the recompression at this high power.
Safety of lactic acid and calcium lactate when used as technological additives for all animal species (2017)

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety lactic acid and calcium lactate for all animal species. In 2015 and in 2017, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Nutrition (FEEDAP) delivered two opinions on the safety of lactic acid and calcium lactate. In that opinion, the panel concluded that the additive is safe for pigs and ruminants at concentrations of 50,000 mg lactic acid/kg complete feed but could not conclude on the safety for poultry and for pre-ruminants. Now the applicant is proposing a new maximum concentration of 20,000 mg lactic acid/kg feed for all other animal species, with the exclusion of pre-ruminants, and provided a new study in chickens for fattening. Based on the results of the new study, the Panel concluded that 20,000 mg lactic acid/kg complete feed is safe for chickens for fattening. The FEEDAP Panel extrapolates the lowest safe level of 20,000 mg lactic acid/kg complete feed observed in chicken for fattening to all animal species other than pigs and ruminants for which 50,000 mg lactic acid/kg is safe, with the exception of pre-ruminants for which a safe dose could not be established. The maximum content of 20,000 mg lactic acid is equivalent to 24,000 mg calcium lactate and 30,000 mg calcium lactate hydrate (hydrate, n = 4-5). The corresponding maximum content in water for drinking would be 8,000 mg lactic acid/L.
Risk Management and Insurance Implications Associated with the Americans with Disabilities Act: Accessibility to Places of Public Accommodation (1992)

The authors provided an analysis of Title Ill of the Americans with Disabilities Act and its impact on risk managers. They explained the issue of accessibility to public accommodations, along with the requirements for conforming with the Title III requirements of the Act. Potential insurance and risk management implications are addressed, with an analysis of possible loss control actions or remedies and insurance coverages.
Synthesis of amorphous, microporous silica with adamantanamine as a templating agent (2000)

Amorphous, microporous silica with a spherical particle morphology has been prepared with adamantanamine, and its unusual structural properties suggest a non-zeolitic templating synthesis pathway.
Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman Disease - A Review of 17 Cases (2004)

Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare entity of unknown etiology. In Taiwan, only scattered cases had been reported. In this retrospective study, we review all patients with pathology- proven RDD diagnosed at Chang - Gung Memorial Hospital from 1995 to 2002, and report the demography, clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, treatment modalities and prognosis of this entity. The presented series consists of 17 patients of cutaneous RDD, including ten female and seven males, aged between 23 and 75 years. The clinical appearance was variable, but most commonly involved a central noduloplaque with satellite papules. Multifocal involvement only occurred in three patients. Concurrent involvement of uvea or vocal cord occurred in two patients. No involvement of lymph node or internal organ was noticed among these patients during the follow-up periods. The most prominent histological feature was a florid and mixed inflammatory infiltration. Emperipolesis, a characteristic finding of nodal RDD, was usually only focally presented. Positivity for S - 100 protein assisted to confirm the diagnosis. The most effective treatment was surgical excision of solitary or symptomatic lesions. High dose thalidomide (300 mg per day) may be used to control the extensive cutaneous diseases, though its efficacy should be further evaluated. Three patients experienced spontaneous remission one to two years after diagnosis. (Dermatol Sinica 22 : 114-123,2004)
Massively Parallel Analog Computing: Ariadne’s Thread Was Made of Memristors (2015)

This paper explores memristive grids where emergent computation arises through collective device interactions. Computing efficiency of the grids is studied in several scenarios and new composite memristive structures are utilized in shortest path and maze-solving computations. The dependence of the computing medium behavior on the symmetry of both the underlying geometry and the employed devices, is validated through SPICE-level circuit simulations, which highlight important computing inefficiencies. Particular circuit-models of memristive connections enable precise mapping of the target application on the computing medium. Extraordinary functionalities emerge when novel memristive computing components, comprising different electrical characteristics from their structural elements, are introduced in the grid. Applying assisted-computation, by incorporating the concept of Ariadne's thread, leaded to better computing results, which could find application in routing and path computing problems.
Therapeutic trial of milacemide in patients with myoclonus and other intractable movement disorders (1993)

We performed a therapeutic trial with the glycine precursor, milacemide, on 10 patients with intractable movement disorders. Six had myoclonus of various etiologies and one each had progressive supranuclear palsy, Filipino X-linked dystonia with parkinsonism, painful legs and moving toes, and stiff-person syndrome. Milacemide was initiated at a dose of 2,400 mg/day, orally, and increased gradually to a maximum of 4,800 mg/day. No clear-cut observable improvement occurred. There were no serious adverse effects.
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics (1980)

Fluid statics conservation of mass inviscid flow conservation of momentum laminar viscous flow turbulent viscous flow conservation of energy flow in fluid systems dimensional analysis and modelling irrotational flow compressible flow.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Microwave Absorption Properties of Nickel Ferrite/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Composites (2021)

It is well accepted that the microwave absorption performance of ferrite can be enhanced via the hybridization. However, it is still very challenging to design the hierarchical nanostructure of ferrite hybrids to fabricate wave absorbing composites with both the high efficiency and lightweight. Herein, we successfully realize the in-situ synthesis of nickel ferrite/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (NiFe2O4/MWCNTs) hybrids with a large-scale production by the hydrothermal method. The structural characteristics, morphology, electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and vector network analyzer. The morphological study shows that NiFe2O4 nanoparticles with a small size (tens of nanometers) are coated on the MWCNTs, leading to a three-dimensional hierarchical nanostructure. The NiFe2O4/MWCNTs hybrids show satisfied microwave absorption properties. Typically, the optimized sample shows the minimum reflection loss of −19 dB at 11.3 GHz, and the bandwidth of the reflectivity below −10 dB is 2.5 GHz with a thin thickness of 1.5 mm. This result shall be due to the improved dielectric losses or interface polarization etc. Our results demonstrate a facile approach for the design of ferrite-based microwave absorber to meet the requirements of lightweight, thin-thickness and high efficiency.
Effects of Kaolin Particle Film on Oviposition, Larval Mining, and Infestation of Cotton by Pink Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (2003)

We tested effects of kaolin particle film on oviposition, larval mining, and infestation of cotton by pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in the laboratory, greenhouse, and field. In laboratory choice tests, females laid seven times more eggs on untreated bolls than on bolls treated with kaolin. When neonates were put on bolls in the laboratory, each boll with a treated and untreated half, larvae and mines were found 24 h later on the untreated half but not on the treated half. In oviposition choice tests with whole plants in the greenhouse, females laid four times more eggs on untreated plants than on treated plants and the number of eggs on bolls was five times higher for untreated plants than for treated plants. Kaolin treatments altered the distribution of eggs among plant parts, with untreated bolls receiving a higher percentage than treated bolls, whereas the opposite occurred for petioles. In field tests, treatment with kaolin alone reduced the proportion of bolls infested with pink bollworm, but a mixture of kaolin and the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin was most effective. The results suggest that kaolin particle film may be useful against pink bollworm, particularly in conjunction with other control tactics.
Active-Passive Decomposition in Burnout Modeling (2001)

To model the effect of mortgage prepayment burnout, the author decomposes mortgage pools into active (potentially refinancing) and passive (prepaying at a turnover speed) components. This two-component model is not only powerful enough to replicate the burnout effect, but also perfectly tractable for a much wider range of mortgage valuation and modeling problems than once thought. Once parameters of the model are known at origination, one can reconstruct the current burnout stage using only the age and the observed pool factor, without retroactive analysis of past prepayment incentives. Or, assuming no change in interest rates, one can compute the average life and the life speeds for the entire mortgage pool, and therefore fit the broker forecasts. Unlike the mortgage pool itself, the two modeled components are path-independent for unstructured fixed-rate mortgage pass-throughs, which facilitates time-efficient pricing methods and avoids Monte-Carlo simulations.