gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Privacy-preserving anonymization of set-valued data (2008)

In this paper we study the problem of protecting privacy in the publication of set-valued data. Consider a collection of transactional data that contains detailed information about items bought together by individuals. Even after removing all personal characteristics of the buyer, which can serve as links to his identity, the publication of such data is still subject to privacy attacks from adversaries who have partial knowledge about the set. Unlike most previous works, we do not distinguish data as sensitive and non-sensitive, but we consider them both as potential quasi-identifiers and potential sensitive data, depending on the point of view of the adversary. We define a new version of the k -anonymity guarantee, the k m -anonymity, to limit the effects of the data dimensionality and we propose efficient algorithms to transform the database. Our anonymization model relies on generalization instead of suppression, which is the most common practice in related works on such data. We develop an algorithm which finds the optimal solution, however, at a high cost which makes it inapplicable for large, realistic problems. Then, we propose two greedy heuristics, which scale much better and in most of the cases find a solution close to the optimal. The proposed algorithms are experimentally evaluated using real datasets.
Confining grains of textured Cu2O films to single-crystal nanowires and resultant change in resistive switching characteristics (2012)

By confining columnar grains of textured oxide film using anodized aluminum oxide template, we could obtain a grain-boundary-free (GB-free) cuprous oxide (Cu(2)O) nanowire arrays with a narrow diameter distribution and a high density under the same electrochemical deposition condition. A two-terminal device fabricated using an individual GB-free nanowire and Au/Cr electrodes exhibits bipolar resistive switching contrary to the unipolar one of a textured film, and Schottky-like conduction. On the other hand, a nanowire device with Pt electrodes reveals non-switching behavior and Ohmic conduction. Thus, we can propose that the bipolar switching of a nanowire device with Au/Cr electrodes may result from the modulation of Schottky barrier at the interface by migration of oxygen vacancies while the unipolar one of a textured film may be defined as the bulky filamentary switching along the GBs in the GB-embedded texture films.
The zonal expression of α‐fetoprotein transgenes in the livers of adult mice (1992)

The developmental regulation of the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene in liver results in high-level expression in the fetus, followed by dramatic transcriptional repression after birth. We have examined the mouse AFP gene for transcriptional control sequences that may be involved in its postnatal repression in liver. We showed previously that removal of a DNA region between positions -250 base pairs (bp) and -838 bp of the AFP gene resulted in the persistence of expression of an AFP minigene in the postpartum liver of transgenic mice (Vacher and Tilghman, Science 250:1732-1735, 1990). This study examines the distribution of these transgene transcripts in liver using in situ hybridization. We show that there is a zonal distribution of minigene transcripts in the adult livers of these animals. Hepatocytes surrounding the central veins express high levels of minigene transcripts, while hepatocytes in the intermediate and portal areas contain few, if any, transcripts. Quantitative RNAse protection analysis shows a decrease in transgene RNA levels after birth, consistent with repression in all but a small subset of hepatocytes. These results indicate that repression in the pericentral hepatocytes is dependent upon the presence of a cis-acting, negative-regulatory domain, which is located between the enhancers and the proximal promoter of the AFP gene. In contrast, this domain is not essential for complete repression of AFP transgenes in the intermediate zone and periportal hepatocytes.
S117 Respiratory muscle fatigue following exercise in patients with interstitial lung disease (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) experience progressive breathlessness and exercise limitation. Although respiratory muscle fatigue has been investigated in healthy subjects and patients with COPD, it is unknown whether it occurs during exercise in ILD patients and, if so to what extent it is related to changes in dynamic lung volumes. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with ILD performed incremental, symptom-limited cycle ergometry with inspiratory capacity manoeuvres used to measure changes in end-expiratory lung volume (EELV). Twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (TwPdi), in response to bilateral anterolateral magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation and twitch gastric pressure (TwT<sub>10</sub>Pga) in response to magnetic stimulation over the 10th thoracic vertebra were used to assess the development of fatigue. <h3>Results</h3> Sixteen ILD patients (11 women) were studied. TwPdi did not differ significantly pre and post exercise (21.8±8 vs 20.2±8 cmH<sub>2</sub>O; p=0.10), while TwT<sub>10</sub>Pga fell from 28.6±18 to 25.2±14 cmH<sub>2</sub>O (p=0.02) (Abstract S117 figure 1). EELV fell from 2.18±0.65 l to 1.91±0.59 l following exercise (p=0.04). The fall in TwT10Pgas correlated with peak VO<sub>2</sub> (r=−0.52, p=0.041) increase in heart rate (r=0.53 p=0.032) and with the decrease of EELV during exercise (r=0.57, p=0.021). Abdominal muscle fatiguers (n=9, 56%), defined as a ≥10% fall in TwT10Pga, had a fall in EELV of 22±22% compared to 0.7±8% in non-fatiguers (p=0.016). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Abdominal muscle fatigue develops during exercise in ILD patients in association with increased expiratory muscle activity manifest by reduced EELV.
Design Optimization and Dynamic Simulation of Steam Cycle Power Plants: A Review (2021)

After more than one century from its first use for electric power production, steam cycles are still the object of continuous research and development efforts worldwide. Indeed, owing to its favorable thermodynamic properties, steam cycles are not only used in coal-fired power plants but in a large variety of applications such as combined cycles, concentrated solar power plants and polygeneration plants. On the other hand, to cope with the efficiency and flexibility requirements set by today’s energy markets, the design and the operation of steam cycles must be carefully optimized. A key rule is played by the simulation and optimization codes developed in the last 30 years. This paper provides an introduction to the main types of simulation and optimization problems (design, off-design operation and dynamic), an overview of the mathematical background (possible solution approaches, numerical methods and available software), and a review of the main scientific contributions.
Development of a Low-Flow Meter for Measuring Gas Production in Bioreactors (2011)

Accurate measurement of gas production from biological processes is important in many laboratory experiments. A gas flow rate measurement system, consisting of an embedded controller operating three gas meters, was developed to measure volumetric flows between 0 and 9 mL min-1 (1 atm, 273 K). The gas meter system builds on earlier pressure-based designs by adding a reference chamber to avoid errors associated with atmospheric pressure fluctuations. The controller has a keypad and LCD that guides users through operation, logs data, and can be connected to a computer for data retrieval using a custom graphical user interface. Each of the three gas meters was calibrated using a bubble meter as the standard. The error in gas flow rates measured by the calibrated gas meter is expected to be within 0.17 mL min-1 95% of the time. The gas metering system was used to measure biogas production from batch anaerobic reactors that were operated for biohydrogen production using non-fat milk as the substrate. The results show that the gas meter can be used to collect accurate and high-resolution gas flow data from laboratory bioreactors.
<title>Kalman filter vs. IMM estimator: when do we need the latter?</title> (2000)

In this paper a performance comparison between a Kalman filter and the Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) estimator is carried out for single- target tracking. In a number of target tracking problems of various sizes, ranging from single-target tracking to tracking of about a thousand aircraft for Air Traffic Control, it has been shown that the IMM estimator performs significantly better than a Kalman filter. In spite of these studies and many others, the condition under which an IMM estimator is desirable over a single model Kalman filter has not been quantified. In this paper the limits of a single model Kalman filter vs. an IMM estimator are quantified in terms of the target maneuvering index, which is a f unction of target motion uncertainty, measurement uncertainty and sensor revisit interval. Naturally, the higher the maneuverability of the target (higher maneuvering index), the more the need for a versatile estimator like the IMM. Using simulation studies, it is shown that above a certain maneuvering index an IMM estimator is preferred over a Kalman filter to track the target motion. Performances of these two estimators are compared in terms of estimation errors and track continuity over the practical range of maneuvering indices. These limits should serve as a guideline in choosing the more versatile, but costlier, IMM estimator over a simpler Kalman filter.
Pitch Elevation Surgery for Male-to-female Transsexual Patients-Efficacy of Thyroplasty Type 4- (2007)

Gender Identity Disorder (GID)は性同一性障害といわれ，生物学的性別と心理社会的性別が解離している病態である。今回われわれはmale to femaleのGID (MTF/GID)症例に対し，話声位(SFF)の基本周波数を上昇させる目的でPitch Elevation Surgeryを施行した。その成績について報告する。症例は1999～2006年に当院を受診し手術を施行したMTF/GIDの32例である。32例に対し甲状軟骨形成術4型（4型）を施行した。そのうち24例には喉頭隆起切除術を併せて施行した。32例全例のSFFは上昇した。術前の平均SFFの基本周波数は133.8 Hz，術後は平均237.8 Hzであった。局所麻酔にて手術を施行しているため，全例ともに術中に患者の納得のいく基本周波数に調節することができ満足が得られた。4型はMTF/GID症例におけるPitch Elevation Surgeryとして有用であると思われた。
Does Melanin Affect the Low LET Radiation Response of Cloudman S91 Mouse Melanoma Cell Lines? (1991)

Melanin contains melanin-free radicals and can both absorb and produce additional free radicals and active oxygen species on exposure to various stimuli. Yet its role in the radiation responses of malignant melanoma has been little studied. In this report, three subclones of Cloudman S91 mouse melanoma clone PC1A varying in constitutive melanin content were compared with respect to killing by gamma irradiation. Radiation responses correlated with melanin content. The least melanotic line, S91/amel, was most sensitive and the most melanotic line, S91/I3, was most resistant. Curve fitting using the linear-quadratic model suggests that S91/amel is killed only by single event inactivations; S91/I3, only by double event inactivations; and S91/M1B, with intermediate melanin and radiation response, by both types of inactivations. Split dose experiments confirmed a lack of immediate split dose recovery in S91/amel and its existence in S91/I3. Potentially lethal damage and its repair could be demonstrated in both S91/amel and S91/I3. Double strand break (DSB) induction was evaluated as a function of gamma ray dose in DNA of S91/I3 and S91/amel, as well as in EMT6, a mouse mammary cancer line that lacks tyrosinase and melanin. The rates of induction were proportional to cellular melanization, i.e., the rate of DSB induction was greatest in S91/I3, least in EMT6. Levels of thioredoxin reductase (TR), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were determined in S91/amel and S91/I3. TR was the same in both cell lines, while the other three enzymes were 3- to 4-fold lower in S91/amel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Report of the study group on a superconducting proton linac as a PS Injector (1998)

A proposal was made at the end of 1996 to use the large inventory of RF hardware available after the decommissioning of LEP-2 for the construction of a 2 GeV Superconducting Proton Linac (SPL) to inject directly into the PS [1.1]. The brightness of the beam in the PS at low energy would double, helping the injector complex to satisfy the requirements of the LHC and benefiting the planned proton physics programme. Additional users could also be accommodated thanks to the capability of the SPL to operate at a much larger duty factor than that required for high-energy physics. Consequently, a small study group has been set up to analyse the major technical aspects of the SPL design as well as the processes of injection and capture in the PS. This report summarises the work done so far, and provides some information about the other possible uses of the SPL beam. The feasibility of such a cascade of accelerators is confirmed, although an in-depth design study is still required before the realistic performance and detailed design of that facility can be announced.
Gain-scheduled Linear Quadratic Control of Wind Turbines Operating at High Wind Speed (2007)

This paper addresses state estimation and linear quadratic (LQ) control of variable speed variable pitch wind turbines. On the basis of a nonlinear model of a wind turbine, a set of operating conditions is identified and a LQ controller is designed for each operating point. The controller gains are then interpolated linearly to get a control law for the entire operating envelope. The states and the gain-scheduling variable are not online available and an observer is designed. This is done in a modular approach in which a linear estimator is used to estimate the non-measured state variables and the unknown input, aerodynamic torque. From the estimated aerodynamic torque and rotor speed and measured pitch angle the scheduling variable effective wind speed is calculated by inverting the aerodynamic model. Simulation results are given that display good performance of the observers and comparisons with a controller designed by classical methods display the potential of the method.
Design of special-purpose VLSI chips: Example and opinions (1979)

This paper identifies important steps in the design of a special purpose VLSI chip, and argues that the most crucial step is the design of the underlying algorithm. Because the algorithm determines the degree of parallelism and pipelining that is possible, it largely determines the performance of the chip. Furthermore, if the underlying algorithm has the right properties such as modularity and regularity, then the rest of the design should be routine and thus takes little effort. These claims are supported by a concrete example--the design of an efficient pattern matching chip, which has been fabricated for testing. (Author)
Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) and Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Control in Perennial Grasses (1995)

Glyphosate and package mixtures of glyphosate plus dicamba or 2,4-D were evaluated for the selective control of jointed goatgrass and downy brome in seeded perennial grasses. Glyphosate at 560, glyphosate plus dicamba at 550 + 220, and glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 420 + 350 and 570 + 470 g ai/ha controlled 90% or more jointed goatgrass in 1988 and 1991. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 150 + 120 and 280 + 240 g/ha were the only treatments that controlled less than 90% of jointed goatgrass in 1991. In 1988, glyphosate at 210 g/ha and glyphosate plus dicamba at 210 + 80 g/ha were the only treatments that controlled less than 90% of downy brome. Glyphosate at 210, 280, 420, and 560 g/ha, glyphosate plus dicamba at 210 + 80, 280 + 110, 420 + 170, and 550 + 220 g/ha, and glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 150 + 120, 280 + 240, 420 + 350, and 570 + 470 g/ha controlled 90% or more downy brome in 1990. Pubescent wheatgrass and crested wheatgrass were stunted or killed if they were growing when herbicides were applied.
Gutenberg und das Internet. Der Einfluss von Informationsmedien auf Sprache und Sprachwissenschaft (2004)

Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press in the fifteenth century had a lasting impact on the development of language. In the case of English it increased the then existing standardization tendencies, it led to more widespread alphabetiza-tion and indirectly to a replacement of Latin as the language of science and learn-ing. But above all the printing press led to a new fixity of texts and thus to our modern understanding of texts as finished products whose authorship can be pro-tected by copyright laws. Against this background this article assesses some im-minent changes brought about by the digitalization of texts. In addition to their modular and multilinear structure electronic texts are characterized by a loss of fixity. These features pose considerable challenges to linguistics. New tools will have to be developed in order to cope with the modularity, multilinearity and flu-idity of digital texts.
Fast Structural Search in Phylogenetic Databases (2005)

As the size of phylogenetic databases grows, the need for efficiently searching these databases arises. Thanks to previous and ongoing research, searching by attribute value and by text has become commonplace in these databases. However, searching by topological or physical structure, especially for large databases and especially for approximate matches, is still an art. We propose structural search techniques that, given a query or pattern tree P and a database of phylogenies D, find trees in D that are sufficiently close to P. The “closeness” is a measure of the topological relationships in P that are found to be the same or similar in a tree D in D. We develop a filtering technique that accelerates searches and present algorithms for rooted and unrooted trees where the trees can be weighted or unweighted. Experimental results on comparing the similarity measure with existing tree metrics and on evaluating the efficiency of the search techniques demonstrate that the proposed approach is promising.
Molecular modeling of retinoschisin with functional analysis of pathogenic mutations from human X-linked retinoschisis (2010)

Gene mutations that encode retinoschisin (RS1) cause X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS), a form of juvenile macular and retinal degeneration that affects males. RS1 is an adhesive protein which is proposed to preserve the structural and functional integrity of the retina, but there is very little evidence of the mechanism by which protein changes are related to XLRS disease. Here, we report molecular modeling of the RS1 protein and consider perturbations caused by mutations found in human XLRS subjects. In 60 XLRS patients who share 27 missense mutations, we then evaluated possible correlations of the molecular modeling with retinal function as determined by the electroretinogram (ERG) a- and b-waves. The b/a-wave ratio reflects visual-signal transfer in retina. We sorted the ERG b/a-ratios by patient age and by the mutation impact on protein structure. The majority of RS1 mutations caused minimal structure perturbation and targeted the protein surface. These patients' b/a-ratios were similar across younger and older subjects. Maximum structural perturbations from either the removal or insertion of cysteine residues or changes in the hydrophobic core were associated with greater difference in the b/a-ratio with age, with a significantly smaller ratio at younger ages, analogous to the ERG changes with age observed in mice with no RS1-protein expression due to a recombinant RS1-knockout gene. The molecular modeling suggests an association between the predicted structural alteration and/or damage to retinoschisin and the severity of XLRS as measured by the ERG analogous to the RS1-knockout mouse.
Biocuration in the structure–function linkage database: the anatomy of a superfamily (2017)

The funding section was mistakenly not included in this paper. The article has now been updated to include this section. The publisher apologises for this error.
A wireless and battery-free wound infection sensor based on DNA hydrogel (2021)

The confluence of wireless technology and biosensors offers the possibility to detect and manage medical conditions outside of clinical settings. Wound infections represent a major clinical challenge in which timely detection is critical for effective interventions, but this is currently hindered by the lack of a monitoring technology that can interface with wounds, detect pathogenic bacteria, and wirelessly transmit data. Here, we report a flexible, wireless, and battery-free sensor that provides smartphone-based detection of wound infection using a bacteria-responsive DNA hydrogel. The engineered DNA hydrogels respond selectively to deoxyribonucleases associated with pathogenic bacteria through tunable dielectric changes, which can be wirelessly detected using near-field communication. In a mouse acute wound model, we demonstrate that the wireless sensor can detect physiologically relevant amounts of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> even before visible manifestation of infection. These results demonstrate strategies for continuous infection monitoring, which may facilitate improved management of surgical or chronic wounds.
Requirements for Edge-to-Edge Emulation of Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) Circuits over Packet Switching Networks (2005)

This document defines the specific requirements for edge-to-edge
emulation of circuits carrying Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) digital
signals of the Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy as well as the
Synchronous Optical NETwork/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy over packet-
switched networks. It is aligned to the common architecture for Pseudo
Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3). It makes references to the generic
requirements for PWE3 where applicable and complements them by
defining requirements originating from specifics of TDM circuits. This
memo provides information for the Internet community.
New paradigms for the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases: targeting the endocannabinoid system as a therapeutic strategy (2021)

Abstract Over the past three decades the lysosomal storage diseases have served as model for rare disease treatment development. While these efforts have led to considerable success, important challenges remain. For example, no treatments are currently approved for nearly two thirds of all lysosomal diseases, and there is limited impact of the existing drugs on the central nervous system. In addition, the costs of these therapies are extremely high, in part due to the fact that drug development has focused on a “single hit” approach – i.e., one drug for one disease. To overcome these obstacles researchers have begun to focus on defining common disease mechanisms in the lysosomal diseases, particularly in the central nervous system, with the hope of identifying drugs that might be used in several lysosomal diseases rather than an individual disease. With this concept in mind, herein we review a new potential treatment approach for the lysosomal storage diseases that focuses on modulation of the endocannabinoid system. We provide a short introduction to lysosomal storage diseases and the endocannabinoid system, followed by a brief review of data supporting this concept.