gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review on Differences in Effects on Normal and Malignant Cells and Tissues to Electroporation-Based Therapies: A Focus on Calcium Electroporation (2018)

Calcium electroporation is a potential novel anticancer treatment, where high concentrations of calcium are introduced into the cell cytosol by electroporation. This is a method where short, high-voltage pulses induce a transient permeabilization of the cell membrane and thereby allow influx and efflux of ions and molecules. Electroporation is used in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs (electrochemotherapy) as a standard treatment for cutaneous metastases, and electroporation using a higher electric field and number of pulses (irreversible electroporation) is increasingly being used as an anticancer treatment. In this review, calcium electroporation is described with emphasis on the investigations of differences in the effect on normal and malignant cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo. Calcium electroporation has been shown to induce cell death in vitro and tumor necrosis in vivo with a difference in sensitivity between different tumor types. Normal cells treated in vitro are significantly less affected than cancer cells, and a similar trend is shown in vivo where muscle and skin tissue surrounding a treated tumor as well as muscle and skin directly treated with calcium electroporation were less affected than tumors. The mechanism behind this difference in sensitivity is not fully understood but might be affected by differences in electric impedance, membrane repair, and expression of plasma membrane calcium ATPases in normal and malignant cells. The research on calcium electroporation shows a potential novel anticancer treatment with significant effect on cancer cells and tissues while normal cells and tissues are clearly less affected.
Forêts artificielles au XIXe siècle (1959)

International audience
A Photon‐Fueled DNA Nanodevice that Contains Two Different Photoswitches (2011)

Wippende DNA: Die lichtschaltbare Azobenzolcarbonsäure 1 wechselt bei Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht reversibel zwischen der trans-Form und der thermisch stabilen cis-Form. Eine photonengetriebene DNA-Nanoeinheit, die sich bei Bestrahlung mit Licht unterschiedlicher Wellenlänge wie eine Wippe bewegt, wurde durch Modifizieren von DNA-Oligonucleotiden mit einer Kombination aus 1 und einem üblichen Azobenzol erzeugt.
HPASubC: A suite of tools for user subclassification of human protein atlas tissue images (2015)

The opportunity to further characterize unique staining patterns across a range of human tissues and malignancies will accelerate our understanding of disease processes and point to novel markers for tissue evaluation in surgical pathology.
Influence of Sputtering Conditions on Structural and Electrochemical Properties of the Si Anode Film for Lithium Secondary Batteries (2009)

)Abstract This study investigated the dependence of the various sputtering conditions (Ar pressure:2~10 mTorr, Power: 50~150 W) and thickness (50~1200 nm) of Si thin film on the electrochemical properties,microstructural properties and the capacity fading of a Si thin film anode. A Si layer and a Ti buffer layerwere deposited on Copper foil by RF-magnetron sputtering. At 10 mTorr, the 50 W sample showed the bestcapacity of 3323 mAh/g, while the 100 W sample showed the best capacity retention of 91.7%, also at 10 mTorr.The initial capacities and capacity retention in the samples apart from the 50 W sample at 10 mTorr wereenhanced as the Ar pressure and power increased. This was considered to be related to the change of themicrostructure and the surface morphology by various sputtering conditions. In addition, thinner Si film anodesshowed better cycling performance. This phenomenon is caused by the structural stress and peeling off of theSi layer by the high volume change of Si during the charge/discharge process.Key wordslithium ion battery, silicon anode, deposition condition, sputtering.
Molecular Evolution of Threonine Dehydratase in Bacteria (2013)

Threonine dehydratase converts L-threonine to 2-ketobutyrate. Several threonine dehydratases exist in bacteria, but their origins and evolutionary pathway are unknown. Here we analyzed all the available threonine dehydratases in bacteria and proposed an evolutionary pathway leading to the genes encoding three different threonine dehydratases CTD, BTD1 and BTD2. The ancestral threonine dehydratase might contain only a catalytic domain, but one or two ACT-like subdomains were fused during the evolution, resulting BTD1 and BTD2, respectively. Horizontal gene transfer, gene fusion, gene duplication, and gene deletion may occur during the evolution of this enzyme. The results are important for understanding the functions of various threonine dehydratases found in bacteria.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Large DNA Repetitive Elements RepMP1 Show Type Specific Organization among Strains (2012)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the smallest self-replicating bacterium with a streamlined genome of 0.81 Mb. Complete genome analysis revealed the presence of multiple copies of four large repetitive elements (designated RepMP1, RepMP2/3, RepMP4 and RepMP5) that are implicated in creating sequence variations among individual strains. Recently, we described RepMP1-associated sequence variations between reference strain M129 and clinical isolate S1 that involved three RepMP1-genes (i.e. mpn130, mpn137 and mpn138). Using PCR and sequencing we analyze 28 additional M. pneumoniae strains and demonstrate the existence of S1-like sequence variants in nine strains and M129-like variants in the remaining nineteen strains. We propose a series of recombination steps that facilitates transition from M129- to S1-like sequence variants. Next we examined the remaining RepMP1-genes and observed no other rearrangements related to the repeat element. The only other detected difference was varying numbers of the 21-nucleotide tandem repeats within mpn127, mpn137, mpn501 and mpn524. Furthermore, typing of strains through analysis of large RepMPs localized within the adhesin P1 operon revealed that sequence divergence involving RepMP1-genes mpn130, mpn137 and mpn138 is strictly type-specific. Once more our analysis confirmed existence of two highly conserved groups of M. pneumoniae strains.
Harmonic vs. geometric mean Sinh integrators in weak inversion CMOS (2008)

In this paper a novel, practical, low-power, Class-AB companding hyperbolic sine <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(Sinh</i> ) integrator based on the harmonic mean law is presented. MOS transistors operating in their weak inversion region are used for low power and low supply voltage operation. All translinear loops are implemented using single-type devices allowing for fabrication on standard, twin-well CMOS processes. Detailed simulation results from Cadence IC Design Framework and the commercially available AMS 0.35 mum process parameters are reported and discussed. The proposed circuit achieves more than 120 dB of input dynamic range, and a frequency tunability of over 4 decades with a power consumption of less than 1.5 muW. In addition, head-to-head comparison with our previously reported (ISCAS '07) geometric-mean <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Sinh</i> integrator is performed in an attempt to shed more light on the potential of this very promising class of current-mode companding filters.
TCP/IP and Related Protocols (1991)

Written for those either using or managing data communications systems and networks, this book explains all facets of not only the Transmission Control Protcol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), but also the many protocols that operate within these two standards. Coverage in this book includes gateway protocols GGP, EGP, Hello, RIP and OSPF, naming and addressing conventions and the Domain Name System, migration issues, TCP/IP and operating environments, networks, bridges, gateways, and routers.
An MIC Doppler Module with Output Radiation Normal to the Substrate Plane (1978)

A flat Doppler module, only 18 mm thick, was fabricated. The module is based on a microwave integrated circuits (MIC) stabilized oscillator having a dipole antenna on a single substrate. It emits a microwave beam normal to the substrate plane whose radiation pattern is nearly symmetrical around the normal axis with a half-power-angle of about 60/spl deg/.
When does the Richardson-Lucy deconvolution converge? (1994)

(\\rl = Richardson-Lucy) We propose a simulation-based bootstrap method to access global significance levels of deconvolution models in the \\rl and other iterative restoration algorithms that converge locally. These significance levels allow one to check at each iterative step how good the model is and when iterations can be stopped. Adding more iterations in the deconvolution improves the fitting but is very slow at later time; while too much entropy or smoothness will be lost in the models. A good deconvolution model should firstly have a significance level as high as possible (\\ge 20\\%), and secondly, be as smooth as possible. We have used two examples to illustrate how such models can be derived in practice. We point out that maximizing the sum of the likelihood of fitting and {\\em a priori} entropy does not guarantee an acceptable significance level for the resulting model. If one's {\\em a priori} knowledge is too poor, the model may not be able to fit the data at a reasonable significance level. Instead, a maximum-entropy-like iterative restoration algorithm can be performed later by acquiring {\\em a priori} knowledge from the \\rl restoration. However, this is necessary only when it does increase the levels significantly.
Convergence of Human Genetics and Animal Studies: Gene Therapy for X-Linked Retinoschisis (2015)

Retinoschisis is an X-linked recessive genetic disease that leads to vision loss in males. X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) typically affects young males; however, progressive vision loss continues throughout life. Although discovered in 1898 by Haas in two brothers, the underlying biology leading to blindness has become apparent only in the last 15 years with the advancement of human genetic analyses, generation of XLRS animal models, and the development of ocular monitoring methods such as the electroretinogram and optical coherence tomography. It is now recognized that retinoschisis results from cyst formations within the retinal layers that interrupt normal visual neurosignaling and compromise structural integrity. Mutations in the human retinoschisin gene have been correlated with disease severity of the human XLRS phenotype. Introduction of a normal human retinoschisin cDNA into retinoschisin knockout mice restores retinal structure and improves neural function, providing proof-of-concept that gene replacement therapy is a plausible treatment for XLRS.
Limit State Analysis of Masonry Domes (1989)

Renaissance ogival domes of unreinforced stone masonry can be analyzed as structures of rigid material with no tensile strength. Solutions can be obtained for the static equilibrium of the structure; the results represent an extension or variant to membrane shell theory. A limiting shell thickness is found at which a kinematic collapse mechanism develops. The limit state analysis also identifies the role of hoop stress in permitting the construction of such a shell without centering. The analysis has its counterpart in a study published in 1742, that being the first modern structural analysis. The analysis procedure shows the clear relation between geometry (shell shape) and internal forces.
The Outcome of Cochlear Implantations in Deaf-Blind Patients: A Multicenter Observational Study (2022)

Cochlear implantation is a beneficial method for the rehabilitation of deaf-blind patients. Both deaf-blind and deaf-only implanted children revealed similar auditory performances. However, speech perception ability in deaf-blind patients was slightly lower than the deaf-only patients in both children and adults.
Strain relaxation, band-structure deformation, and optical absorption in free-hanging quantum-well microstructures (2005)

We have measured changes to the band structure due to strain relaxation in micromachined multiple quantum-well microstructures that are released from the substrate. Analytic expressions for the strain tensor in the free-hanging heterostructure are presented and used in an eight-band k∙p model to predict the changes to the band structure in the micromachined heterostructure. The deformed band structure is measured optically using spatially resolved differential transmission spectroscopy and found to be in excellent agreement with predictions. The measurements indicate (i) that strained semiconductor heterostructures relax elastically upon release from the substrate, (ii) that k∙p theory combined with our strain relaxation expressions accurately model the optical properties of micromachined heterostructures, and (iii) that a significant asymmetry exists between the effects of compressive and tensile strains on optical absorption in these microstructures. Our results show that micromachining represents an important tool to modify the optical properties of quantum-well heterostructures.
Abstract 116: Mybphl is a Novel Myofilament Component Implicated in Arrhythmia and Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2018)

Dilated cardiomyopathy is under significant genetic influence. Using whole-genome sequencing, we found a premature stop variant (R255X) in the MYBPHL gene in a family with DCM and conduction system disease. A Mybphl null mouse model revealed systolic dysfunction with atrial and ventricular conduction system (VCS) abnormalities. We found MyBP-HL protein highly expressed in both human and mouse atria and in a subset of ventricular cardiomyocytes. We hypothesize that MyBP-HL regulates VCS function and loss of MyBP-HL causes ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac dysfunction. We now examined hearts and isolated VCMs from Mybphl WT, het, and null mice using immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM). Clusters of MyBP-HL+ ventricular cardiomyocytes were evident in WT hearts (~1/200,000), with only 10% as many MyBP-HL+ cardiomyocytes in het samples. In WT hearts, MyBP-HL+ cells localized in the right ventricular free wall, with significantly fewer MyBP-HL+ cells in the right ventricular free wall in het hearts. The VCS marker contactin-2 (Cntn2) was used to assess MyBP-HL co-localization in the VCS. MyBP-HL co-localized with Cntn2+ cardiomyocytes in the transition zone between the atria and ventricle near the AV node, as well as in a subset of Cntn2+ Purkinje fibers. MyBP-HL+ ventricular cardiomyocytes were also found outside the VCS, suggesting other roles for those cells in regulating ventricular function. To discern MyBP-HL myofilament localization, we used super-resolution structured illumination microscopy on atrial cardiomyocytes. MyBP-HL co-localized with cMyBP-C in the C-zone of the A-band but also occupied space in the inner portion of the A-band near the M-line. This localization was not altered in het mice; however, the ratio of MyBP-HL in the inner portion of the A-band was diminished in het mice compared to WT. This suggests that MyBP-HL may bind the light meromyosin coiled-coil tail that originates from the M-line. Following the discovery that loss of MyBP-HL is associated with DCM and arrhythmia, we identified that MyBP-HL associates with the VCS and reduced MyBP-HL levels reduce the amount of MyBP-HL positive VCMs. These data suggest that loss of MyBP-HL may impair the development and function of the VCS, resulting in arrhythmias.
Specific clusters of fatty acids (FA) across multiple serum lipid fractions underlie pathophysiological features of type 2 diabetes in the Canadian PROMISE cohort (2018)

Poster presented at the European Diabetes Epidemiology Group Meeting in Elsinore, Denmark from April 21-24, 2018.
Genomic Instability in Pluripotent Stem Cells: Implications for Clinical Applications (2013)

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are known to acquire genomic changes as they proliferate and differentiate. Despite concerns that these changes will compromise the safety of hPSC-derived cell therapy, there is currently scant evidence linking the known hPSC genomic abnormalities with malignancy. For the successful use of hPSCs for clinical applications, we will need to learn to distinguish between innocuous genomic aberrations and those that may cause tumors. To minimize any effects of acquired mutations on cell therapy, we strongly recommend that cells destined for transplant be monitored throughout their preparation using a high-resolution method such as SNP genotyping.
Room temperature continuous wave vertical cavity surface emitting GaAs injection lasers (1990)

There has been a surge of interest in vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes (VCSELs).1-4 The ability of room temperature cw operation is crucial to the practical use of such devices. We report room temperature cw operation of GaAs VCSELs. The VCSEL shown in Fig. 1 was grown by molecular beam epitaxy and, starting from the Si doped GaAs substrate, consisted of an n-type Alo.3Gao.7As etch stop followed by an n-type twenty-two-pair Alo.1Gao.9As/AlAs semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), an Alo.3Gao.7As/GaAs (0.5-μm) double heterostructure active region, a five-pair p-type Alo.1Gao.9As/Alo.7Gao.3As semiconductor DBR, a 450-ÅAlo.7Gao.3As phase matching layer, and finally a 100-Å GaAs heavily p-doped contact layer.
Deeply-Supervised Nets (2014)

Our proposed deeply-supervised nets (DSN) method simultaneously minimizes classification error while making the learning process of hidden layers direct and transparent. We make an attempt to boost the classification performance by studying a new formulation in deep networks. Three aspects in convolutional neural networks (CNN) style architectures are being looked at: (1) transparency of the intermediate layers to the overall classification; (2) discriminativeness and robustness of learned features, especially in the early layers; (3) effectiveness in training due to the presence of the exploding and vanishing gradients. We introduce "companion objective" to the individual hidden layers, in addition to the overall objective at the output layer (a different strategy to layer-wise pre-training). We extend techniques from stochastic gradient methods to analyze our algorithm. The advantage of our method is evident and our experimental result on benchmark datasets shows significant performance gain over existing methods (e.g. all state-of-the-art results on MNIST, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and SVHN).
Computer simulation of fractal dimensions of fat crystal networks (2006)

Abstract The rheological properties of fat‐structured products are determined by the microstructure of their fat crystal networks, which can be quantified by using microscopical and rheological techniques. Of particular interest to this study is the quantification of the fractal dimension of the network using these two techniques. Fractal dimensions determined by polarized light microscopy include box‐counting, particle‐counting, and Fouriertransform fractal dimensions, whereas the fractal dimensions determined by small deformation dynamic rheology exploit the dependence of the storage modulus on the solids' volume fraction. This work reveals that different microscopy fractal dimensions are sensitive to different microstructural factors within the fat crystal network, and thus have different physical meanings. The boxcounting fractal dimension, D b , increases with increases in crystal size and area fraction of the fat crystals, whereas the particlecounting fractal dimension, D f , is sensitive to the radial distribution pattern of fat crystals; and the Fourier‐transform fractal dimension, D FT , decreases with increasing crystal size. In the studies on the macroscopic physical properties of fat crystal networks, it is necessary to find the determining structural characteristics and then use the fractal dimensions that are most closely related.
Biomechanics of bilayered delamination of the dermal-epidermal interface in normal and engineered skin (2001)

The objective of this project was to design a suction blister device with a heating system to test and evaluate the biomechanical adherence properties of the dermal-epidermal interface of skin. Blisters created utilizing this device represent a near perfect separation of the epidermis from the dermis. The device was designed to create a consistent negative pressure on the surface of skin and maintain a surface temperature of 37?1? C by the heating element. After validating the system to determine that it would maintain the operating parameters, it was tested by creating suction blisters on freshly harvested porcine skin. Our initial studies showed that the suction blister induction times were comparable to previous investigations conducted on human skin under the same conditions. Ultimately, this device can be used to quantify and compare dermal-epidermal adherence of skin from different regions of the body, between individuals, and between normal and bioengineered skin through the comparison of suction blister induction times.
Reviewing and Investigating the Use of Co-Axial Rotor Systems in Small UAVs (2010)

Co-axial propeller systems have been used successfully in fixed-wing aircraft for many years due to their inherently good performance. Likewise, several pioneering rotary-winged aircraft projects used co-axial rotors, such as the Westland WG-25 Mote, Gyrodyne DASH, and a range of rotorcraft from Kamov in Russia. There has been much debate over the years about whether the co-axial rotor arrangement is more efficient than traditional layouts. Our findings point to the fact that although the co-axial arrangement has a reduced power output of up to 15% when compared to an equivalent single rotor system, this can be offset by the elimination of the need for a tail rotor, which could save up to 20% of the required power. It is only recently that this type of technology has reached the small UAV market in the form of a series of semi-autonomous and autonomous rotorcraft which are starting to make their mark in the military, homeland security and civilian fields. This paper investigates the use of such systems and discusses their advantages, disadvantages and performance metrics.
Stereospecific Synthesis of 23-Hydroxyundecylprodiginines and Analogues and Conversion to Antimalarial Premarineosins via a Rieske Oxygenase Catalyzed Bicyclization (2014)

Facile and highly efficient synthetic routes for the synthesis of (S)- and (R)-23-hydroxyundecylprodiginines ((23S)-2, and (23R)-2), 23-ketoundecylprodiginine (3), and deuterium-labeled 23-hydroxyundecylprodiginine ([23-d]-2) have been developed. We demonstrated a novel Rieske oxygenase MarG catalyzed stereoselective bicyclization of (23S)-2 to premarineosin A (4), a key step in the tailoring process of the biosynthesis of marineosins, using a marG heterologous expression system. The synthesis of various A-C-ring functionalized prodiginines 32-41 was achieved to investigate the substrate promiscuity of MarG. The two analogues 32 and 33 exhibit antimalarial and cytotoxic activities stronger than those of the marineosin intermediate 2, against Plasmodium falciparum strains (CQ(S)-D6, CQ(R)-Dd2, and 7G8) and hepatocellular HepG2 cancer cell line, respectively. Feeding of 34-36 to Streptomyces venezuelae expressing marG led to production of novel premarineosins, paving a way for the production of marineosin analogues via a combinatorial synthetic/biosynthetic approach. This study presents the first example of oxidative bicyclization mediated by a Rieske oxygenase.
Detection of the concentration dependence of co-ordination to manganese in aqueous MnBr2 solutions by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (1985)

Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies show how the average number of water molecules co-ordinated to manganese in aqueous MnBr2 solutions varies with concentration, implying an equilibrium between species of the type [MnBr(6–n)(H2O)n](n–4)+, where n= 4,5,6.