gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SPARC is expressed by mesangial cells in experimental mesangial proliferative nephritis and inhibits platelet-derived-growth-factor-medicated mesangial cell proliferation in vitro. (1996)

Mesangial cell proliferation is a characteristic feature of many glomerular diseases and often precedes extracellular matrix expansion and glomerulosclerosis. This study provides the first evidence that SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) could be an endogenous factor mediating resolution of experimental mesangial proliferative nephritis in the rat. SPARC is a platelet-derived-growth-factor-binding glycoprotein that inhibits proliferation of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. We now show that SPARC is synthesized by mesangial cells in culture and that SPARC mRNA levels are increased by platelet-derived growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Recombinant SPARC or the synthetic SPARC peptide 2.1 inhibited platelet-derived-growth-factor-induced mesangial cell DNA synthesis in vitro. In a model of experimental mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, SPARC mRNA was increased 5-fold by day 7 and was identified in the mesangium by in situ hybridization. Similarly, SPARC was increased in glomerular mesangial cells and visceral epithelial cells by day 5 and reached maximal expression levels by day 7. Mesangial cell proliferation increased by 36-fold on day 5 and decreased abruptly on day 7. Maximal expression of SPARC was correlated with the resolution of mesangial cell proliferation. We propose that SPARC functions in part as an endogenous inhibitor of platelet-derived-growth-factor-mediated mesangial cell proliferation in glomerulonephritis and that it could account for the resolution of cellular proliferation in this disease.
Intelligent deployment strategies for passive underwater sensor networks (2009)

Passive underwater sensor networks are often used to monitor a general area of the ocean, a port or military installation, or to detect underwater vehicles near a high value unit at sea, such as a fuel ship or aircraft carrier. Deploying an underwater sensor network across a large area of interest (AOI), for military surveillance purposes, is a significant challenge due to the inherent difficulties posed by the underwater channel in terms of sensing and communications between sensors. Moreover, monetary constraints, arising from the high cost of these sensors and their deployment, limit the number of available sensors. As a result, sensor deployment must be done as efficiently as possible. The objective of this work is to develop a deployment strategy for passive underwater sensors in an area clearance scenario, where there is no apparent target for an adversary to gravitate towards, such as a ship or a port, while considering all factors pertinent to underwater sensor deployment. These factors include sensing range, communications range, monetary costs, link redundancy, range dependence, and probabilistic visitation. A complete treatment of the underwater sensor deployment problem is presented in this work from determining the purpose of the sensor field to physically deploying the sensors. Assuming a field designer is given a suboptimal number of sensors, they must be methodically allocated across an AOI. The Game Theory Field Design (GTFD) model, proposed in this work, is able to accomplish this task by evaluating the acoustic characteristics across the AOI and allocating sensors accordingly. Since GTFD considers only circular sensing coverage regions, an extension is proposed to consider irregularly shaped regions. Sensor deployment locations are planned using a proposed evolutionary approach, called the Underwater Sensor Deployment Evolutionary Algorithm, which utilizes two suitable network topologies, mesh and cluster. The effects of these topologies, and a sensor’s communications range, on the sensing capabilities of a sensor field, are also investigated. Lastly, the impact of deployment imprecision on the connectivity of an underwater sensor field, using a mesh topology, is analyzed, for cases where sensor locations after deployment do not exactly coincide with planned sensor locations.
Synthesis of 2,4-dideoxy-4-hydroxyphosphonoyl-D-erythro- and -L-threo-pentofuranoses (1992)

Treatment of 3,5, 6-trideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-6-nitro-α-D-erythro-hex-5-enofuranose with dimethyl phosphonate in the presence of triethylamine, followed by catalytic hydrogenation and then deamination with nitrous acid, provided mainly a 2 : 1 mixture of 3,5-dideoxy-5-dimethoxy-phosphinoyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-ribo- and -β-L-lyxo-hexofuranose in 57% overall yield. This mixture was deacetonated, oxidized with sodium periodate, and then treated with acidic methanol to afford methyl 2,4-dideoxy-4-dimethoxyphosphinoyl-α,β-D-eythro-pentopyranosides (41% overall yield from the aforementioned phosphinoylfuranose) and -L-threo-pentopyranosides (17% overall yield). The major products were reduced with sodium dihydrobis-(2-methoxyethoxy)-aluminate, followed by hydrolysis with acid and then oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, to afford the title D-erythro compounds, whereas similar treatment of the minor pyranosides afforded the corresponding L-threo-pentofuranoses. These compounds were converted into the corresponding 1,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-5-methoxyphosphonoyl derivatives, whose structures and conformations [mostly 3T2(D) for one and 2T3(L) for the other] were established by spectroscopy.
Reaction Mechanisms for Methane Ignition (2002)

To help understand how methane ignition occurs in gas turbines, dual-fuel diesel engines, and other combustion devices, the present study addresses reaction mechanisms with the objective of predicting autoignition times for temperatures between 1000 K and 2000 K, pressures between 1 bar and 150 bar, and equivalence ratio between 0.4 and 3. It extends our previous methane flame chemistry and refines earlier methane ignition work. In addition to a detailed mechanism, short mechanisms are presented that retain essential features of the detailed mechanism. The detailed mechanism consists of 127 elementary reactions among 31 species and results in nine intermediate species being most important in autoignition, namely, CH3, OH, HO2,H2O2,CH2O,CHO, CH3O, H, O. Below 1300 K the last three of these are unimportant, but above 1400 K all are significant. To further simplify the computation, systematically reduced chemistry is developed, and an analytical solution for ignition delay times is obtained in the low-temperature range. For most fuels, a single Arrhenius fit for the ignition delay is adequate, but for hydrogen the temperature sensitivity becomes stronger at low temperatures. The present study predicts that, contrary to hydrogen, for methane the temperature sensitivity of the autoignition delay becomes stronger at high temperatures, above 1400 K, and weaker at low temperatures, below 1300 K. Predictions are in good agreement with shock-tube experiments. The results may be employed to estimate ignition delay times in practical combustors.
Parameter Identification and Simulation of a Thin Film Conducting Polymer Gas Sensor (2001)

Thin film conducting polymer gas composition sensors can be used forindustrial safety monitoring, environmental pollution control, and numerousother applications. In this paper, a sensor system model is developed andthis model is used to compare a lumped circuit to a transmission lineformulation of the equivalent circuits describing the polymer film andelectrodes; the sensor model includes the adsorption/desorption processand the electric properties of the sensor. The simulation approachcombines physically based modeling and parameter estimation, in which asubset of model parameters are estimated using published experimentaldata. The simulation results are found to be useful for interpretingconduction polymer sensor responses to different gas species.
TIMP-1, -2, -3, and -4 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A prevailing nondegradative lung microenvironment? (2000)

Fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation characterize idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We evaluated the presence of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, -2, -3, and -4; collagenase-1, -2, and -3; gelatinases A and B; and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in 12 IPF and 6 control lungs. TIMP-1 was found in interstitial macrophages and TIMP-2 in fibroblast foci. TIMP-3 revealed an intense staining mainly decorating the elastic lamina in vessels. TIMP-4 was expressed in IPF lungs by epithelial and plasma cells. TIMP-2 colocalized with Ki67 in fibroblasts, whereas TIMP-3 colocalized with p27 in inflammatory and epithelial cells. Collagenase-1 was localized in macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells, collagenase-2 was localized in a few neutrophils, and collagenase-3 was not detected. MMP-9 was found in neutrophils and subepithelial myofibroblasts. Myofibroblast expression of MMP-9 was corroborated in vitro by RT-PCR. MMP-2 was noticed in myofibroblasts, some of them close to areas of basement membrane disruption, and membrane type 1 MMP was noticed in interstitial macrophages. These findings suggest that in IPF there is higher expression of TIMPs compared with collagenases, supporting the hypothesis that a nondegrading fibrillar collagen microenvironment is prevailing.
Elaboration et caractérisation de composites métal-ferrite nanostructurés, pour applications en moyennes et hautes fréquences (2001)

Débutée en octobre 1998
Determination of band gap energy (Eg) of Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films: On the discrepancies of reported band gap values (2010)

We demonstrate experimental data to elucidate the reason for the discrepancies of reported band gap energy (Eg) of Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin films, i.e., 1.0 or 1.5 eV. Eg of the coevaporated CZTSe film synthesized at substrate temperature (Tsub) of 370 °C, which was apparently phase pure CZTSe confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, is found to be around 1 eV regardless of the measurement techniques. However, depth profile of the same sample reveals the formation of ZnSe at CZTSe/Mo interface. On the other hand, Eg of the coevaporated films increases with Tsub due to the ZnSe formation, from which we suggest that the existence of ZnSe, which is hardly distinguishable from CZTSe by XRD, is the possible reason for the overestimation of overall Eg.
Mutations inEDARADDaccount for a small proportion of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia cases (2010)

Our study demonstrates that EDARADD mutations are not a frequent cause of HED, while mutations in TRAF6, TAB2 and TAK1 may not be implicated in this disease.
Comparison of the structural and acid–base properties of Ga- and Al-containing layered double hydroxides obtained by microwave irradiation and conventional ageing of synthesis gels (2002)

Structural and acid–base properties of Mg/Al and Mg/Ga layered double hydroxides (LDH's) obtained by microwave irradiation of the co-precipitated gels have been investigated and compared to those of samples conventionally aged by prolonged hydrothermal treatment of the gels. Similar crystallinities and chemical compositions were obtained whatever the synthesis method used. Besides, all samples, and remarkably the Ga-containing LDH's with a molar ratio Mg ∶ Ga = 4.5, exhibited pure lamellar phases. The acid–base properties of the mixed oxides obtained by calcination of the LDH's have been examined by microcalorimetric adsorption of CO2 and by FTIR spectroscopy upon CH3CN interaction. These techniques gave evidence that the number and strength of acid and basic sites were influenced by the nature and amount of the trivalent cation, as well as by the preparation method.
Study on the Non-Restrictive Vital Bio-Measurement by the Air Mattress Methods (2000)

This paper describes experimental investigations on a new vital bio-measurement method of the pneumatic and/or air mattress type. The method indirectly detects the vital bio-information such as the heart beating, respiration, body movement, coughing and snoring via the change in the pressure of the air in the air mattress on which a human stays and to which his vital movements influence. The blood pressure measurement is a special example of the pneumatic methods. The air mattress method requires nothing to him except that he must be on the air mattress. Thus the method is less restrictive than the blood pressure measurement and any conventional polygraph methods which stick the electrode to human body.This paper treats practical problems, i.e., reduction of noise, human feeling to the air mattress, application of the method to commercially available air cushions or mattresses.As the results, this method can be robust to the pressure noises in daily life by properly selecting the cut-off frequency of the filters. Further the method works under a very thin air mattresses such that the human can not notice their existence as well as to the variety of existing air cushions and mattresses. The air mattress method is most stable to measure the vital bio-information with the least restriction.
Complementary medicine for fatigue and cortisol variability in breast cancer survivors (2011)

Nonspecific factors are important in responses to biofield interventions for fatigue. Belief predicts QOL responses but not fatigue or cortisol variability. Biofield therapies increase cortisol variability independent of belief and other nonspecific factors. There is a need to further examine the effects of specific processes of biofield healing on outcomes for cancer populations.
Phototransformation of Perchlorate to Chloride in the Presence of Polysilanes (2007)

Perchlorate is a uniquely stable chemical described as an emerging thyroid disrupting agent that is presently detected in several terrestrial and aquatic matrices. The present study was undertaken to deoxygenate perchlorate to the chloride anion photolytically in the presence of dodecamethylcyclohexasilane (Me2Si)61. It is found that photolysis of 1 in the presence of dry NaClO4 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 254 nm leads to the disappearance of the salt. The removal of ClO4– occurred with the concurrent formation of ClO3– and ClO2–, which disappear to eventually produce the chloride anion quantitatively. The two cyclic silanes (Me2Si)53 and (Me2Si)44 in addition to several other siloxanes that include (Me2SiO)3, (Me2SiO)4, and (Me2Si)xO2 (x = 4 and 5) were also detected. When the reaction was repeated using uniformly labelled 18O-[ClO4–] it was found that oxygen incorporated in the siloxane products was derived from perchlorate. Mixing 1 with perchlorate in THF in the dark or adding the salt to 1 after the latter being photolyzed in THF did not deoxygenate ClO4–. Based on experimental evidence gathered thus far it is concluded that dimethylsilylene, Me2Si: 2, a reactive intermediate produced by the photolysis of 1, is in part responsible for the deoxygenation of perchlorate. Direct oxygen transfer from ClO4– to the silanes during photolysis is also suggested as a potential route of deoxygenating ClO4–.
Overview of the Leukoencephalopathies (2007)

Many forms of inherited leukodystrophies are now known, each characterized by specific biochemical and molecular abnormalities. The end result may be hypomyelination, i.e., the failure to form specific myelin proteins; delay in myelination attributable to an inadequate supply of myelin precursors or accumulation of substances toxic to oligodendroglia; demyelination with loss of normally formed myelin; vacuolating myelinopathy, wherein degenerating white matter is replaced by fluid and vacuolization; and secondary demyelination with destruction of both axons and myelin. Clinical signs may develop after a period of normal development. These can include abnormalities in behavior, cognition and memory, long tract signs, optic atrophy, peripheral neuropathy and macro- or microcephaly. Their clinical delineation is facilitated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including the use of diffusion-weighted imaging and MR spectroscopy (MRS). Genetic leukodystrophies are progressive and can produce specific patterns of abnormality on MRI that help to distinguish them. The loss of myelin is accompanied by an increase in water, causing a decrease in the white matter signal on T1-weighted images and an increase on T2-weighted images. The finding of a leukodystrophy by MRI presymptomatically can provide the clinician with a window of opportunity to intervene therapeutically prior to overt clinical signs. This is particularly relevant for metachromatic leukodystrophy, globoid cell leukodystrophy, and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, each of which may respond to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation if treated early in the clinical course.
Countercyclical Capital Regime – A Proposed Design and Empirical Evaluation (2012)

Motivated by the Great Recession in 2008, countercyclical capital regimes are now being considered by financial regulators. This paper provides a methodology on structuring a countercyclical capital requirement to achieve the goal of determining, at the time of acquisition, an amount of capital sufficient to survive a plausible but worst case stress period, in essence to fully capitalize the asset at acquisition.
Measuring miRNA in Livestock Using Sensor Technologies: Challenges and Potential Approaches (2022)

Globally, the livestock sector represents a $1.4 trillion market employing at least 1.3 billion people. However, the farming of animals for food raises complex questions regarding livestock diseases and their potential impacts on both human health and national and international export trade markets. Early disease detection in livestock allows for targeted treatments, decreasing the antibiotics use, and for advancements in precision veterinary medicine. MicroRNA (miRNA)-driven signaling cascades play a crucial role in the context of farm animal disease diagnostics and prediction, and their proper understanding remains a challenge. Many studies have shown a link between circulating miRNAs and diseases in livestock, including paratuberculosis, foot and mouth disease, and various metabolic diseases. Important information regarding the stage, pathogenesis, and prognosis of a disease may therefore be acquired through the detection and analysis of a small number of miRNAs. Currently, there are no on-farm sensing tools available to detect miRNAs from the bodily fluids of livestock. This review is aimed at demonstrating that circulating miRNAs are powerful biomarkers of disease in livestock and at describing the potential of sensor technologies for their rapid detection. I provide an overview of the recent developments of miRNA sensing and the current bottlenecks in the realization of the sensors for detecting miRNAs as the target analytes for the identification of various livestock diseases. Due to the nascent stages of this research, the exploitation of miRNA as a biomarker opens up ways to move from reactive to predictive possibilities in disease detection via sensor platforms in modern digital livestock farming.
THE FUNDAMENTAL SOLUTIONS FOR MULTI-TERM MODIFIED POWER LAW WAVE EQUATIONS IN A FINITE DOMAIN. (2013)

Fractional partial differential equations with more than one fractional derivative term in time, such as the Szabo wave equation, or the power law wave equation, describe important physical phenomena. However, studies of these multi-term time-space or time fractional wave equations are still under development. In this paper, multi-term modified power law wave equations in a finite domain are considered. The multi-term time fractional derivatives are defined in the Caputo sense, whose orders belong to the intervals (1, 2], [2, 3), [2, 4) or (0, <i>n</i>) (<i>n</i> > 2), respectively. Analytical solutions of the multi-term modified power law wave equations are derived. These new techniques are based on Luchko's Theorem, a spectral representation of the Laplacian operator, a method of separating variables and fractional derivative techniques. Then these general methods are applied to the special cases of the Szabo wave equation and the power law wave equation. These methods and techniques can also be extended to other kinds of the multi-term time-space fractional models including fractional Laplacian.
Molecular weight control of polyethylene waxes using a constrained imino‐cyclopenta[b]pyridyl‐nickel catalyst (2017)

ABSTRACT Five examples of nickel(II) bromide complexes bearing N,N ‐imino‐cyclopenta[ b ]pyridines, [7‐(ArN)‐6,6‐Me 2 C 8 H 5 N]NiBr 2 (Ar = 2,6‐Me 2 C 6 H 3 ( Ni1 ), 2,6‐Et 2 C 6 H 3 ( Ni2 ), 2,6‐ i‐ Pr 2 C 6 H 3 ( Ni3 ), 2,4,6‐Me 3 C 6 H 2 ( Ni4 ), 2,6‐Et 2 ‐4‐MeC 6 H 2 ( Ni5 )), have been prepared by the reaction of the corresponding ligand, L1 – L5 , with NiBr 2 (DME) (DME = 1,2‐dimethoxyethane). On crystallization from bench dichloromethane, Ni1 underwent adventitious reaction with water to give the aqua salt, [ L1 NiBr(OH 2 ) 3 ][Br] ( Ni1' ). The molecular structures of Ni1' and Ni3 have been structurally characterized, the latter revealing a bromide‐bridged dimer. On activation with either MMAO or Et 2 AlCl, Ni1 , Ni2 , Ni4, and Ni5 , all exhibited high activities for ethylene polymerization (up to 3.88 × 10 6 g(PE) mol −1 (Ni) h −1 ); the most sterically bulky Ni3 gave only low activity. Polyethylene waxes are a feature of the materials obtained which typically display low molecular weights ( M w s), narrow M w distributions and unsaturated vinyl and vinylene functionalities. Notably, the catalyst comprising Ni1 /Et 2 AlCl produced polyethylene with the lowest M w , 0.67 kg mol −1 , which is less than any previously reported data for any class of cycloalkyl‐fused pyridine–nickel catalyst. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55 , 3494–3505
Optimally robust shortcuts to population inversion in two-level quantum systems (2012)

We examine the stability versus different types of perturbations of recently proposed shortcuts-to-adiabaticity to speed up the population inversion of a two-level quantum system. We find optimally robust processes using invariant based engineering of the Hamiltonian. Amplitude noise and systematic errors require different optimal protocols.
The continuum model of the biological tissue (2010)

A fundamental goal in constitutive modelling is to predict the mechanical behaviour of a material under various loading states. A biological tissue is a collection of cells, and extracellular matrices, that perform various specialized functions. There are four basic primary tissues types: muscular, nervous, epithelial and connective. Muscle tissue produces mechanical work through contraction–relaxation. For example, skeletal muscles are responsible for locomotion primarily through voluntary muscle contraction, cardiac muscles provide the active pumping of blood from the heart, and smooth muscles, which are part of the organs of the digestive tract, facilitate peristalsis, propulsion, microcirculation, etc.
CD36 Mediates the Phagocytosis ofPlasmodium falciparum–Infected Erythrocytes by Rodent Macrophages (2004)

Phagocytic cells represent an important line of innate defense against malaria; however, little is known of the mechanism by which macrophages recognize Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes (PEs). Using macrophages from CD36 wild-type (WT), CD36-null, and CD36 transgenically-rescued rodents, we demonstrate a major role for CD36 in the phagocytosis of PEs. WT macrophages display enhanced phagocytic capacity for nonopsonized PEs, compared with that for CD36-null mouse and rat macrophages. Transgenic rescue of CD36-deficient rats restored macrophage phagocytic capacity for PEs. CD36 receptor blockade with monoclonal antibodies and proteolytic cleavage of CD36 ligands from the surface of PEs inhibited the uptake of PEs. Up-regulation of rodent CD36 by use of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARgamma) agonists increased the phagocytosis of PEs. CD36-mediated uptake of PEs did not result in increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion, of which high levels are associated with adverse outcomes in malaria. These studies support the use of these rodent models to examine PE-CD36 interactions.