gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging pathologic pulmonary air and fluid accumulation by functional and absolute EIT (2006)

The increasing use of EIT in clinical research on severely ill lung patients requires a clarification of the influence of pathologic impedance distributions on the validity of the resulting tomograms. Significant accumulation of low-conducting air (e.g. pneumothorax or emphysema) or well-conducting liquid (e.g. haematothorax or atelectases) may conflict with treating the imaging problem as purely linear. First, we investigated the influence of stepwise inflation and deflation by up to 300 ml of air and 300 ml of Ringer solution into the pleural space of five pigs on the resulting tomograms during ventilation at constant tidal volume. Series of EIT images representing relative impedance changes were generated on the basis of a modified Sheffield back projection algorithm and ventilation distribution was displayed as functional (f-EIT) tomograms. In addition, a modified simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) was applied to quantify the resistivity distribution on an absolute level scaled in Omega m (a-EIT). Second, we applied these two EIT techniques on four intensive care patients with inhomogeneous air and fluid distribution and compared the EIT results to computed tomography (CT) and to a reference set of intrathoracic resistivity data of 20 healthy volunteers calculated by SIRT. The results of the animal model show that f-EIT based on back projection is not disturbed by the artificial pneumo- or haematothorax. Application of SIRT allows reliable discrimination and detection of the location and amplitude of pneumo- or haematothorax. These results were supported by the good agreement between the electrical impedance tomograms and CT scans on patients and by the significant differences of regional resistivity data between patients and healthy volunteers.
In vivo Antimutagenicity of Dadih Probiotic Bacteria towards Trp-P1 (2009)

In vitro acid-and bile-tolerant lactic acid bacteria isolated and identified from Indonesian traditional fermented milk dadih might be considered as potential probiotic strains after further characterization with animal models, especially for their therapeutic properties. Five dadih lactic bacteria isolates each had moderate survival rate for 2 h at pH 2.0, as well as bile tolerance. The aim of this research was to identify candidate probiotic lactic bacteria among indigenous dadih lactic isolates originated from Bukit Tinggi, West Sumatra, especially their in vivo antimutagenic property. Milk cultured with Enterococcus faecium IS-27526 significantly lowered fecal mutagenicity of rats as compared to the control group, skim milk, and milk cultured with L. plantarum IS-20506. These results suggest that Enterococcus faecium IS-27526 may serve as a potential probiotic strain with its antimutagenicity.
Fabrication of fiber reinforced plates with curvilinear layout by 3-D photolithography (1994)

A new technique to rapidly process fiber reinforced resins by 3-D photolithography was recently developed. Reinforcing fibers are added in situ to obtain parts with improved strength, stiffness, and toughness. An automated desktop photolithography unit (ADPU) was designed and built in-house, to add continuous E-glass fibers to the photoresin. The unique feature of this machine is its capability to dispense in situ continuous fibers in any desired direction. To demonstrate the advantages of this process, a case study was conducted, where a rectangular plate with a circular hole in the center was subjected to tensile loading. The parts were made with Somos 3100 resin as the matrix and continuous glass fibers as the reinforcement. The failure load of plates reinforced with a straightline fiber layout and a curvilinear fiber layout are compared. In the curvilinear format, the fibers were dispensed along the principal stress directions.
High Speed, High Resolution SLO/OCT for Investigating Temporal Changes of Single Cone Photoreceptors in Vivo (2009)

In this paper we present our improved transversal scanning OCT system that is capable of retinal imaging with cellular resolution. A fast axial eye tracking device was implemented into the system which practically eliminates eye motion artifacts in depth. Together with software based algorithms to correct for transverse eye motion 3D volumes of the human retina with greatly reduced motion artifacts and with isotropic resolution are presented. With this instrument long term changes of single human cone photoreceptors are observed.
In Memoriam: Thomas Edward Fehniger (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTIn Memoriam: Thomas Edward FehnigerGyörgy Marko-VargaView Author Information Lund UniversityCite this: J. Proteome Res. 2017, 16, 1, 2Publication Date (Web):January 6, 2017Publication History Published online6 January 2017Published inissue 6 January 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00964https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00964editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views528Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydrocyclone Separation of Dry‐Milled Corn (1997)

ABSTRACT Corn milled to &lt;1 mm using a screen mill was sieved and the particles &gt;590 μm were soaked for 1 hr in solutions with a range of glucose concentration providing liquid specific gravities above and below that of the lighter fraction (corn germ). A suspension of these particles was pumped through a hydrocyclone to separate the germ particles and to rinse watersoluble compounds from the corn. The specific gravity of the hydrocyclone streams (suspensions), as well as liquid phase (after solids settling) was measured, and product compositions and particle sizes were determined. This work shows that a germ‐enriched fraction of corn ground to &lt;1 mm, can be separated with a hydrocyclone. To enable computer simulation of the corn‐treatment process, the experimental data was used to construct a two‐component model of the hydrocyclone separation of the milled corn. In the model, the milled and sieved corn is virtually separated into germ and endosperm streams that are fed to paired hydrocyclone models. Hydrocyclone bypassing streams that simulate particles entrained to the contrary outlet (underflow for germ and overflow for endosperm particles) were included in the simulation to bring the model into agreement with the experimental product compositions.
Linear cylindrical taper as optical line source (1999)

We propose to use a linear cylindrical taper as an optical line illuminator for various light-emitting-diode-based emerging scanning and display applications. A simple model to explain the mechanism of this line illuminator is presented. Experimental verifications are performed, and main performance characteristics are discussed.
Abbott, Edith (1876–1957) (1987)

Social reformer, economic historian and a pioneer in America of the study of the economic position of women, Edith Abbott was born on 26 September 1876 in Nebraska, and graduated from the University of Nebraska in 1901. She enrolled in a summer session at the University of Chicago in 1902, attracting the attention of James Lawrence Laughlin and Thorstein Veblen, and on their recommendation returned to Chicago in 1903 on a fellowship in political economy, taking her PhD in 1905 with a dissertation on the wages of unskilled labour in the USA between 1850 and 1900 (Abbott 1905). It was during this period at Chicago that she met Sophonisba Breckinridge who became her mentor and lifelong friend. In 1906, on a Carnegie Fellowship, she went to the LSE to carry out research on women in industry. In London she was influenced by the social reformers of the day, including Charles Booth and Sydney and Beatrice Webb. She returned to the USA in 1907 and taught political economy at Wellesley. In 1908 Breckinridge, now Director of Research at the newly established Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy, invited her to become her assistant.
The Engineered Thymidylate Kinase (TMPK)/AZT Enzyme-Prodrug Axis Offers Efficient Bystander Cell Killing for Suicide Gene Therapy of Cancer (2013)

We previously described a novel suicide (or 'cell fate control') gene therapy enzyme/prodrug system based on an engineered variant of human thymidylate kinase (TMPK) that potentiates azidothymidine (AZT) activation. Delivery of a suicide gene sequence into tumors by lentiviral transduction embodies a cancer gene therapy that could employ bystander cell killing as a mechanism driving significant tumor regression in vivo. Here we present evidence of a significant bystander cell killing in vitro and in vivo mediated by the TMPK/AZT suicide gene axis that is reliant on the formation of functional gap-junctional intercellular communications (GJICs). Potentiation of AZT activation by the engineered TMPK expressed in the human prostate cancer cell line, PC-3, resulted in effective bystander killing of PC-3 cells lacking TMPK expression--an effect that could be blocked by the GJIC inhibitor, carbenoxolone. Although GJICs are mainly formed by connexins, a new family of GJIC molecules designated pannexins has been recently identified. PC-3 cells expressed both connexin43 (Cx43) and Pannexin1 (Panx1), but Panx1 expression predominated at the plasma membrane, whereas Cx43 expression was primarily localized to the cytosol. The contribution of bystander effects to the reduction of solid tumor xenografts established by the PC-3 cell line was evaluated in an animal model. We demonstrate the contribution of bystander cell killing to tumor regression in a xenograft model relying on the delivery of expression of the TMPK suicide gene into tumors via direct intratumoral injection of recombinant therapeutic lentivirus. Taken together, our data underscore that the TMPK/AZT enzyme-prodrug axis can be effectively utilized in suicide gene therapy of solid tumors, wherein significant tumor regression can be achieved via bystander effects mediated by GJICs.
Livestock manure odor abatement with plant-derived oils and nitrogen conservation with urease inhibitors: A review1 (2002)

Confined animal feeding operations are under environmental scrutiny for production of large quantities of waste in a small area. The waste can result in odor, global warming gases, and the transfer of nutrients and pathogens to water and food sources. An incomplete anaerobic degradation of the carbohydrate, protein, and lipid components in waste is the primary cause of odor emissions. This incomplete degradation results in the formation of short-chain volatile fatty acids (VFA), amines and other nitrogenous compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds. Our objectives are to provide simple, cost-effective, and environmentally sound solutions to control odor and pathogens in livestock waste, with nutrient management a top priority. Previous studies have indicated that a urease inhibitor, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, can be used to reduce urea hydrolysis in beef cattle feedlot pens, conserve nitrogen, and inhibit ammonia emissions that contribute to odor. Our laboratory studies with antimicrobial plant-derived oils, thymol and carvacrol, at 2 g/kg of feedlot waste, demonstrated that production of VFA in flasks over 23 d can be completely inhibited. Fecal coliforms were reduced from 4.6 × 106 to 2.0 × 103 cells/mL 2 days after treatment and were undetectable within 4 d. Total anaerobic bacteria were reduced from 8.4 × 1010 to 1.5 × 107 cells/mL after 2 d and continued to be suppressed to that level after 28 d. These plant oils are not degraded under anaerobic conditions. However, our feedlot studies and the literature indicate these oils are degraded under aerobic conditions. This suggests that these generally recognized as safe (GRAS) chemicals, which are routinely used as preservatives in food and personal care products, should not accumulate in soils to which this waste is applied. It is concluded that chemical additives can be added to animal waste to prevent degradation, which in turn controls odor emissions, reduces pathogens, and conserves nutrients until the waste can be recycled as fertilizer. The economics and environmental effects of using thymol and carvacrol in livestock production facilities need to be determined.
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Resorcin[4]arene Tetrasulfides on Gold (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-Assembled Monolayers of Resorcin[4]arene Tetrasulfides on GoldEggo U. Thoden van Velzen, Johan F. J. Engbersen, Pieter J. de Lange, Jan W. G. Mahy, and David N. ReinhoudtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 26, 6853–6862Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00131a007Request reuse permissions Article Views452Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gene Gun Immunization to Combat Malaria (2012)

DNA immunization by gene gun against a variety of infectious diseases has yielded promising results in animal models. Skin-based DNA vaccination against these diseases is not only an attractive option for the clinic but can aid in the discovery and optimization of vaccine candidates. Vaccination against the protozoan parasite Plasmodium presents unique challenges: (a) most parasite-associated antigens are stage-specific; (b) antibodies capable of neutralizing the parasite during the probing of the mosquitoes have to be available at high titers in order to prevent infection of the liver; (c) immunity to liver-stage infection needs to be absolute in order to prevent subsequent blood-stage parasitemia. Gene gun vaccination has successfully been used to prevent the infection of mice with the rodent malaria strain P. berghei and has been employed in a macaque model of human P. falciparum. DNA plasmid delivery by gene gun offers the opportunity to economically and efficiently test novel malaria vaccine candidates and vaccination strategies, which include the evaluation of novel molecular adjuvant strategies. Here we describe the procedures involved in making and delivering a pre-clinical malaria DNA vaccine by gene gun as well as the correct approach for the in vivo evaluation of the vaccine. Furthermore, we discuss various approaches that either have already been tested or could be employed to improve DNA vaccines against malaria.
Low‐magnitude whole‐body vibration does not enhance the anabolic skeletal effects of intermittent PTH in adult mice (2010)

Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a low-magnitude mechanical stimulus that may be anabolic for bone, yet we recently found that WBV did not improve bone properties in adult mice. Because intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) enhances the anabolic effects of high-magnitude skeletal loading, we sought to determine the skeletal effects of WBV in combination with PTH. Seven-month-old male BALB/c mice were assigned to six groups (n = 13-14/group) based on magnitude of applied acceleration (0 or 0.3 G) and PTH dose (0, 10, or 40 µg/kg/day). Mice were exposed to WBV (0.3 G, 90 Hz, sine wave) or sham loading (0 G) for 15 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Vehicle or hPTH (1-34) was administered prior to each WBV session. Whole-body bone mineral content increased by ~ 5% from 0 to 8 weeks in the 40 µg/kg PTH group only, independent of WBV loading. Similarly, PTH treatment increased tibial cortical bone volume by ~5% from 0 to 8 weeks, independent of WBV loading. Neither PTH nor WBV stimulated trabecular bone formation. Consistent with the cortical bone effect, tibias from the 40 µg/kg PTH group had significantly greater ultimate force and energy to failure than tibias in the 0 and 10 µg/kg PTH groups, independent of WBV treatment. In summary, 8 weeks of intermittent PTH treatment increased cortical bone volume and strength in adult male BALB/c mice. Daily exposure to low-magnitude WBV by itself did not improve skeletal properties and did not enhance the PTH effect. No WBV-PTH synergy was found in this preclinical study.
Rendering Translucent Materials (2001)

This animation demonstrates a new practical model for rendering translucent materials. Translucent materials, such as marble, milk and skin have a soft and smooth appearance that cannot be simulated with standard lighting models. We illustrate the importance of correctly rendering translucency, and show how this can be used to eliminate the traditional hard computer graphics look.Our model is described in detail in the SIGGRAPH '2001 paper: "A Practical Model for Subsurface Light Transport". Copyright held by creator.
Data storage with 0.7 nm recording marks on a crystalline organic thin film by a scanning tunneling microscope (1998)

Ultrahigh density data storage on a novel organic thin film by scanning tunneling microscope (STM) under ambient conditions is demonstrated. The material, N-(3-nitrobenzylidene)p-phenylenediamine (NBPDA), is used for preparing thin film by vacuum evaporation method. Crystalline NBPDA films with electrical bistability are obtained by this method. Recording experiment on the films is made by applying voltage pulses between the STM tip and substrate. The recorded marks are 0.7 nm in size, corresponding to a storage density of 1014 bit/cm2. Current–voltage characteristic measurement shows that the resistance of the unrecorded region of the NBPDA films is much higher than that of the recorded region. The mechanism of recording is discussed.
Proteomic identification of proteins associated with the osmoregulatory transcription factor TonEBP/OREBP: functional effects of Hsp90 and PARP-1 (2006)

Hypertonicity (e.g., high NaCl) activates the transcription factor tonicity-responsive enhancer/osmotic response element-binding protein (TonEBP/OREBP), increasing transcription of protective genes. In the present studies, by stably expressing amino acids 1-547 of TonEBP/OREBP in HEK 293 cells and immunoprecipitating it plus associated proteins from the nuclei of cells exposed to high NaCl, we identify 14 proteins that are physically associated with TonEBP/OREBP. The associated proteins fall into several classes: 1) DNA-dependent protein kinase, both its catalytic subunit and regulatory subunit, Ku86; 2) RNA helicases, namely RNA helicase A, nucleolar RNA helicase II/Gu, and DEAD-box RNA helicase p72; 3) small or heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs or hnRNPs), namely U5 snRNP-specific 116 kDa protein, U5 snRNP-specific 200 kDa protein, hnRNP U, hnRNP M, hnRNP K, and hnRNP F; 4) heat shock proteins, namely Hsp90beta and Hsc70; and 5) poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). We confirm identification of most of the proteins by Western analysis and also demonstrate by electrophoretic mobility-shift assay that they are present in the large complex that binds specifically along with TonEBP/OREBP to its cognate DNA element. In addition, we find that PARP-1 and Hsp90 modulate TonEBP/OREBP activity. PARP-1 expression reduces TonEBP/OREBP transcriptional activity and the activity of its transactivating domain. Hsp90 enhances those activities and sustains the increased abundance of TonEBP/OREBP protein in cells exposed to high NaCl.
Therapeutic Trem2 activation ameliorates amyloid-beta deposition and improves cognition in the 5XFAD model of amyloid deposition (2020)

These findings indicate that Trem2 activators may be effective for the treatment of AD and possibly other neurodegenerative disorders.
Systematic Metal Variation and Solvent and Hydrogen‐Gas Storage in Supramolecular Nanoballs (2009)

Play ball! A family of discrete metallo-supramolecular nanoballs (see picture) containing different divalent metals is produced by self-assembly. These species have porous structures, similar to metal–organic frameworks. Stepwise desolvation results in bare metal sites which can be functionalized with organic molecules; the interball cavities show high affinity for hydrogen gas. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Microelectromechanical Components For Articulated Microrobots (2005)

We propose to create a class of articulated micromanipulator robots with multiple degrees of freedom, workspaces on the order of a cubic millimeter, and payloads on the order of a milligram. We have created rigid links, mechanical couplings, and large-force, large-displacement micromotors. Hollow triangular beams made from rotated microhinged polysilicon plates can withstand axial loads of up to 2.3 gm. Mechanical couplings are used to rotate folded structures off the substrate with less than 2μN of force. Linear electrostatic stepper motors with an estimated force of 6.5μN at 35V and a travel of 40μm have also been demonstrated.
CK2 signaling in androgen‐dependent and ‐independent prostate cancer (2006)

Protein serine/threonine kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a key player in cell growth and proliferation but is also a potent suppressor of apoptosis. CK2 has been found to be dysregulated in all the cancers that have been examined, including prostate cancer. Investigations of CK2 signaling in the prostate were originally initiated in this laboratory, and these studies have identified significant functional activities of CK2 in relation to normal prostate growth and to the pathobiology of androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer. We present a brief overview of these developments in the context of prostate biology. An important outcome of these studies is the emerging concept that CK2 can be effectively targeted for cancer therapy.