gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Social and Moral Implications Arising from Genetic Screening and Genetic Engineering (1998)

The development of techniques for altering the genetic make-up of humans as well as animals has proceeded at a much faster pace than the discussion of the moral and social implications. The human genome project aims at sequencing all the genes that are required to form a human being. The use of genetic profiles that appear to deviate from the ideal for assessing individuals for jobs or insurance cover is an aspect of this new science that will probably continue to present ethical problems. There are unquestionable benefits from treating hitherto incurable diseases using gene therapy and also from being able to produce pharmacologically active proteins in bacteria. Examples are given of how these are open to abuse. The development of techniques for cloning mammals including man also provides a moral dilemma as to where to draw the line between cloning human cells to reconstruct diseased organs and cloning a whole person. Therefore a total ban world-wide on cloning human tissue is perhaps impracticable and undesirable.
Femoral lengthening with the Intramedullary Skeletal Kinetic Distractor (2009)

Femoral lengthening using the Intramedullary Skeletal Kinetic Distractor is a new technique. However, with intramedullary distraction the surgeon has less control over the lengthening process. Therefore, 33 femora lengthened with this device were assessed to evaluate the effect of operative variables under the surgeon's control on the course of lengthening. The desired lengthening was achieved in 32 of 33 limbs. Problems encountered included difficulty in achieving length in eight femora (24%) and uncontrolled lengthening in seven (21%). Uncontrolled lengthening was more likely if the osteotomy was placed with less than 80 mm of the thick portion of the nail in the distal fragment (p = 0.052), and a failure to lengthen was more likely if there was over 125 mm in the distal fragment (p = 0.008). The latter problem was reduced with over-reaming by 2.5 mm to 3 mm. Previous intramedullary nailing also predisposed to uncontrolled lengthening (p = 0.042), and these patients required less reaming. Using the Intramedullary Skeletal Kinetic Distractor, good outcomes were obtained; problems were minimised by optimising the position of the osteotomy and the amount of over-reaming performed.
New Magnetic Recording Method Using Laser Assisted Read/Write Technologies (1999)

We have developed a new magnetic recording method which is kind of a fusion technology of optical recording and magnetic one. Ferrimagnetic rare-earth transition metal (RE-TM) alloys whose magnetic compensation temperatures are around room temperature are employed for magnetic recording materials. Their unique temperature dependence of the magnetic properties is essential to the new method. Laser assisted writing brings about a narrow track width, compared with a magnetic head width. Laser assisted reading is capable of detecting leakage flux from only the heated area with less crosstalk of neighboring tracks. We found that this new magnetic read/write method is functioning successfully.
Activation of copper(II) ammine complexes by molecular oxygen for the oxidation of thiosulphate ions (1975)

The stoicheiometry and kinetics of reaction of aqueous-ammonia (0·1–1.0M) solutions of copper(II) ions with thiosulphate ion in the presence of oxygen have been examined. The amount of oxygen consumption and the relative amounts of the final sulphur products, namely trithionate and sulphate ions, are dependent on the initial [S2O3]2– concentration and pH. The detailed kinetics of the reaction at pH 11·2 suggest mechanisms in which O2 becomes axially associated with amminethiosulphatocopper(II) species. In this role O2 assists in electron transfer between [S2O3]2– and CuII. The most active species for [S3O6]2– formation is a tetra-amminecopper(II) complex having one axial [S2O3]2– and one axial O2 ligand. A triamminecopper(II) complex, having both axial and equatorial [S2O3]2– ligands as well as an axial O2, is suggested as the reactive intermediate for [SO4]2–formation. The role of the intermediate CuII species is one of complexing both oxidant and reductant.,in that it provides a mechanism for electron transfer and allows O2 to interact via an ionic mechanism.
Uptake and nature of the intracellular binding of cyclosporin A in a murine thymoma cell line, BW5147. (1984)

Abstract In a survey of malignant cell lines including a variety of leukemias and lymphomas, BW5147, a T lymphoma from the spontaneous virus-associated thymoma in AKR mice, was found to be the most sensitive to growth inhibition by cyclosporin A (Cs A). Inhibition of growth was cell cycle phase-independent and inhibition of macromolecular precursor uptake was relatively nonspecific. Uptake of radiolabeled Cs A by these cells was characterized by two components: one that appeared saturable at low drug concentrations (0.03 to 1.0 microgram/ml), and another that was nonsaturable at higher drug concentrations (1.0 microgram/ml or higher). Most of the drug concentrated by cells (70 to 80%) was located in the cytosol (100,000 ×× G supernatant of lysed cells). The apparent m.w. of the drug-macromolecule complex was 15,000 to 20,000 as determined by m.w. exclusion columns. This complex could also be formed by adding drug to cytosol prepared from unexposed cells. The low m.w. complex migrated on a preparative isoelectric focusing column to form two peaks with isoelectric points of 6.8 and 8.5. A method was developed to assay for the binding component, and a sequence of m.w. exclusion columns and isoelectric focusing was used to effect partial purification of the Cs A binding component.
Determination of 2-Keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic Acid (KDO) with High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography (HPAEC): Survey of Stability of KDO and Optimal Hydrolytic Conditions (1997)

A new method for 2-keto-3-deoxy-octulosonic acid (KDO) determination using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography was developed. KDO is well separated from Neu5Ac, and the response was linear from 20 pmol to 5 nmol. The method was used to examine the stability of KDO under various hydrolytic, conditions and to survey optimal hydrolytic conditions for release of KDO.
Design, synthesis and immunogenic properties of a novel class of peptidomimetics (2005)

Poster
Effects of racecadotril and loperamide on bacterial proliferation and on the central nervous system of the newborn gnotobiotic piglet (1999)

In contrast to loperamide, racecadotril did not induce bacterial overgrowth and did not produce central neurotoxicity.
Raman and infrared studies of rotational-translational modes in stress-aligned ferroelastic KCN and NaCN (1980)

KCN and NaCN crystals, when cooled from the pseudocubic disordered phase into the low-temperature phase of parallel C${\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ order and orthorhombic symmetry, break up into a multidomain structure. The resultant multiple scattering of light prevents any measurements of polarized Raman or ir spectra, so that the assignment of bands to particular librational and/or translational modes has been highly speculative and controversial in previous works. By application of uniaxial stress in the ferroelastic phase, we have succeeded in aligning a large fraction of the orthorhombic domains and in reducing the multiple scattering of light. This has enabled us, for the first time, to measure polarized spectra of the librational-translational modes, the C${\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ stretching and combinations of both, using Raman and ir techniques. From experiments with various stress and light geometries, the symmetry properties of all observed Raman and ir translation are determined. This supplies a solid experimental basis for the assignment of these bands to normal modes of the crystal and for the analysis of the librational-translational coupling of these modes.
Efficient applications of bus transfer schemes (2010)

The application of bus transfer schemes in industrial and utility facilities, such as paper mills, petrochemical facilities, and utility power plants is significant in both its number and criticality. This paper will review the basics of main-tie-main bus transfer schemes, highlight the technical challenges associated with implementing such schemes, and examine how modern technology can provide solutions that enhance efficiency, engineering, and operations. Among the issues to be discussed in this paper are: (a) enhancing panel design by reducing the number of devices necessary for implementation; (b) achieving savings in wiring by utilizing IEC61850 peer-to-peer communication methods; (c) how modern technology enhances the ability to test and troubleshoot the scheme and; (d) examination of the advantages and disadvantages of different types of bus transfer schemes.
Airborne Conflict Resolution for Flow-Restricted Transition Airspace (2003)

An airborne conflict detection and resolution approach is presented for application to flights subject to metering constraints on descent. Conflict resolution (CR) is an extension of an existing genetic algorithm previously developed for the Autonomous Operations Planner (AOP). This approach provides for the avoidance of both traffic and area hazards simultaneously while meeting flight plan constraints.
Oral Cholera Vaccines (2016)

INTRODUCTION Cholera remains an important global health challenge. It is the most severe of all diarrheal diseases and the archetype for the large group of infectious diarrheas caused by noninvasive bacteria that produce one or more enterotoxins. Collectively, these ‘‘enterotoxic enteropathies’’ (1) account for a substantial proportion of all infection-related diarrheas in the world. Although not as prevalent as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), cholera is notable for the striking rapidity with which it can lead to severe dehydration, shock, and death after onset of symptoms and for causing explosive outbreaks. Although accurate numbers are difficult to obtain, in part because of surveillance difficulties but also for fear of economic and social consequences, cholera is estimated to account for at least 3 to 5 million cases and 120,000 to 200,000 deaths annually among adults as well children (2).
Beitrag zur quantitativen polarographischen Bestimmung der Legierungsbestandteile in Sonderstählen (1939)

Grundlagen der polarographischen Verfahren und Geräte. Fehlerquellen. Abscheidungsbedingungen der einzelnen Metalle und Arbeitsvorschriften für die polarographische Stahlanalyse.
Interpretation of pseudotransient linear flow in production data analysis of tight, naturally fractured reservoirs (2017)

This dissertation delineates a complete set of flow regimes for fractured horizontal wells in unconventional reservoirs.Nine flow regimes are identified from asymptotic approximations of the trilinear flow model for fractured horizontal wells surrounded by a stimulated reservoir volume (SRV).The transient dual-porosity slab idealization is used to define fluid transfer from matrix blocks to natural fractures in the SRV and the production of an isothermal, single-phase, and slightly compressible fluid This dissertation is dedicated to my wife, Reem, my daughter, Wasan, and My son, Yousef.Thank you for loving me and taking care of me endlessly to go through my studies.I love you.
Vertebral Metastases (1997)

The Tokuhashi preoperative score is successful as a prognostic tool. However, it attributes the same one-point rating to metastases of renal cancer and to those of unknown primary tumors. In the case of metastases of unknown primary tumors, this rating is too high and should be reduced to 0.
Synthesis of hierarchical beta zeolite by using a bifunctional cationic polymer and the improved catalytic performance (2015)

Hierarchical beta (SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> = 25–50) with enhanced catalytic properties in 1,3,5-TIPB cracking reaction is synthesized using PDADMA as a bifunctional template assisted by seeds under rotational conditions.
Evaluation of a Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer for Raman Spectroscopy of Minerals (2020)

Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) is a novel spectral analysis technique that is being applied for Raman spectroscopy of minerals. This paper presents the theoretical basis of SHS and its application for Raman measurements of calcite, quartz and forsterite in marble, copper ore and nickel ore, respectively. The SHS measurements are done using a broadband (518–686 nm) and resolving power R ≈ 3000 instrument. The spectra obtained using SHS are compared to those obtained by benchtop and modular dispersive spectrometers. It is found that SHRS performance in terms of resolution is comparable to that of the benchtop spectrometer and better than the modular dispersive spectrometer, while the sensitivity of SHRS is worse than that of a benchtop spectrometer, but better than that of a modular dispersive spectrometer. When considered that SHS components are small and can be packaged into a handheld device, there is interest in developing an SHS-based instrument for mobile Raman spectroscopy. This paper evaluates the possibility of such an application.
The Effects of Verapamil and Diltiazem Pretreatment on Potassium Release in Dogs After the Administration of Succinylcholine (1998)

Verapamil exacerbates the increase in serum potassium after a large-dose potassium infusion or after the IV administration of succinylcholine. We conducted a study in 12 canines conditioned for 30 days acting as their own controls. The canines had chronic tracheotomies and carotid loops performed 2 wk before the experiment. Control canines were given 1 mg/kg succinylcholine at Time 0. Blood samples were analyzed for potassium at 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min. One week later, the dogs received 0.15 mg/kg of either verapamil or diltiazem, followed by a 5.6-[micro sign]g [center dot] kg-1 [center dot] min-1 10-min infusion of the same drug. The animals were then given a bolus dose of succinylcholine 1 mg/kg, and the blood potassium was analyzed as before. There was no significant difference in the potassium concentration before the succinylcholine injection (Time 0) between the study groups. The canines pretreated with verapamil had a significantly greater increase (24% +/- 8%) in potassium concentration than the control canines (14% +/- 6%) 15 min after succinylcholine administration. There was no difference between the potassium concentrations of the diltiazem-pretreated canines and the control group at any time point. Therefore, diltiazem pretreatment does not significantly influence potassium regulation after a succinylcholine injection, whereas verapamil pretreatment has measurable hyperkalemic effects. Implications: Succinylcholine is a drug that causes blood potassium to increase. Potassium influences heart rhythm. Verapamil and diltiazem are drugs used for angina heart pain. We used dogs to determine the effect of verapamil or diltiazem on the blood's potassium after an injection of succinylcholine and found that verapamil had the greatest effect. (Anesth Analg 1998;87:691-4)
Longitudinal MR spectroscopic imaging of pediatric diffuse pontine tumors to assess tumor aggression and progression. (2006)

Two pediatric patients with diffuse pontine tumors underwent MR spectroscopic imaging pre- and postradiation. Choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) and Cho/N-acetylaspartate (NAA) ratios were elevated before treatment, with no MR imaging contrast enhancement. These ratios were further elevated at 2 posttreatment follow-up studies, despite signs of excellent clinical improvement at initial follow-up. This study suggests that MR spectroscopic imaging is more specific in assessing the aggressiveness of diffuse pontine tumors than conventional MR imaging and can serve as a valuable tool in early prognostication.
Observing soil moisture temporal variability under fluctuating climatic conditions (2008)

Abstract. The paper focuses on the observation of interannual and intra-annual climate variability impact on soil moisture temporal patterns and variation, for an experimental site located in Southern Italy and characterized by a typical Mediterranean climate. Analysed data consist of three years soil water content time series measured during the period 2004–2007, under intermediate (2004/2005), wet (2005/2006) and dry (2006/2007) climatological conditions. Results show that, for the case study, interannual precipitation fluctuation highly impact the annual soil moisture cycle, modifying the number and length of characteristic periods revealed by the cycle patterns. Annual rainfall variation also affects the weight of the wet and dry soil moisture conditions, making the distinction between preferred states more and more evident for increasing precipitation variability. Intra-annual precipitation fluctuation instead mainly impact soil moisture dynamic during the dry period of the year, shifting the position of the modes and the weight of the wet mode and nearly leading the dry mode to disappear for larger mean seasonal rainfall. Reported analyses would be a support and a premise for further modeling implications.
Scenarios and Considerations of IPv6 in IEEE 802.16 Networks (2006)

As the deployment of IEEE 802.16 networks progresses, IPv6 will be
introduced in IEEE 802.16 networks. The characteristics of IEEE 802.16
networks put special considerations on how IPv6 is used. This document
describes scenarios and considerations on IPv6 adoption in IEEE 802.16
networks.
Three Mile Island Unit 2: The Early Radiological Conditions of the Reactor Building (1989)

AbstractShortly following the accident at Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2), GPU Nuclear Corporation established, along with Bechtel Power Corporation nuclear specialists, a containment assessment task force (CATF) to assess the radiological conditions of the TMI-2 reactor building (RB). The task force devised and executed a series of experiments and analyses to obtain data necessary for initial entry, RB purge, and RB recovery. The analyses and experiments were designed to assess airborne levelslevels of surface contaminationmagnitude of the basement water source termgeneral radiological environment.The early tasks performed under the CATF were remote Ge(Li) gamma-ray scans through the RB equipment hatchremote gamma-ray scans with NaI crystals through spare RB penetrationspostaccident airborne samplingretrieval of a sample of the water in the RB basementinstallation of remote television and radiation monitors through an opening in the RB.
Ultraslow optical modes in Bose-Einstein condensates (2007)

Light can be slowed down to ultraslow speeds v ia electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. This is thought to be useful for storage of quantum information for weak probe pulses. We investigate the effects of inhomogeneous density profile of the condensate on propagation of such ultraslow pulses. We find that spatial density of an atomic condensate leads to a graded refractive index profile, for an off-resonant probe pulse when condensate parameters are suitably chosen. Within the window of negligible absorption, conditions for degenerate multiple waveguide modes are determined. Both analytical and numerical studies are presented to reveal the effects of experimentally controllable parameters, such as temperature and interatomic interaction strength on the number of modes. Group velocity dispersion and modal dispersion are discussed. The effect of waveguide dispersion, in addition to usual material dispersion, on ultraslow pulses is pointed out.
Alteraciones epigenéticas en la leucemia linfoblástica aguda del adulto (2007)

El sello caracteristico de la leucemia linfoblastica aguda (LLA) es la aparicion progresiva de una conducta celular maligna generada por una funcion alterada de los genes. Aunque la LLA tradicionalmente se ha considerado como una enfermedad de base genetica, es cada vez mas evidente que las alteraciones epigeneticas tambien desempenan un papel central en la patogenia y la progresion de esta enfermedad. La metilacion de las regiones promotoras de los genes se asocia con la perdida de funcion de estos y es el episodio epigenetico mejor caracterizado de la LLA. La metilacion de multiples genes que controlan la proliferacion, la adhesion y la apoptosis es un fenomeno comun en las celulas de la LLA y constituye el mecanismo mas importante para inactivar genes relacionados con el cancer en esta enfermedad. Este perfil de metilacion sirve como marcador de riesgo y constituye una base racional para el empleo de agentes desmetilantes en el tratamiento de la LLA.
Adoptive T-Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors (2017)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an innovative form of immunotherapy wherein autologous T cells are genetically modified to express chimeric receptors encoding an antigen-specific single-chain variable fragment and various costimulatory molecules. Upon administration, these modified T cells traffic to, and recognize, cancer cells in an HLA-independent manner. CAR T-cell therapy has shown remarkable success in the treatment of CD-19-expressing B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. However, clinical gains to the same magnitude have not been reported in solid tumors. Several known obstacles to CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors include target antigen identification, effective trafficking to the tumor, robust activation, proliferation, and in vivo cytotoxicity. Beyond these T-cell intrinsic properties, a complex and dynamic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in solid tumors hinders T-cell efficacy. Notable advancements in CAR design to include multiple costimulatory molecules, ligands, and soluble cytokines have shown promise in preclinical models, and some of these are currently in early-phase clinical trials. In this review, we discuss selected solid tumor malignancies and relevant preclinical data and highlight clinical trial results that are available. Furthermore, we outline some obstacles to CAR T-cell therapy for each tumor and propose strategies to overcome some of these limitations.
Improving the recognition of faces occluded by facial accessories (2011)

Facial occlusions, due for example to sunglasses, hats, scarf, beards etc., can significantly affect the performance of any face recognition system. Unfortunately, the presence of facial occlusions is quite common in real-world applications especially when the individuals are not cooperative with the system such as in video surveillance scenarios. While there has been an enormous amount of research on face recognition under pose/illumination changes and image degradations, problems caused by occlusions are mostly overlooked. The focus of this paper is thus on facial occlusions, and particularly on how to improve the recognition of faces occluded by sunglasses and scarf. We propose an efficient approach which consists of first detecting the presence of scarf/sunglasses and then processing the non-occluded facial regions only. The occlusion detection problem is approached using Gabor wavelets, PCA and support vector machines (SVM), while the recognition of the non-occluded facial part is performed using block-based local binary patterns. Experiments on AR face database showed that the proposed method yields significant performance improvements compared to existing works for recognizing partially occluded and also non-occluded faces. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed approach is also assessed under illumination and extreme facial expression changes, demonstrating interesting results.