gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase unwrapping in the dynamic 3D measurement (2010)

In the dynamic 3D shape measurement phase distribution has 3D character, in which phase changes along x and y directions in space and also along t direction in time. 3D phase unwrapping plays a very important role in the dynamic 3D shape measurement. In the dynamic 3D shape measurement methods based on the structured illumination, Fourier transformation profilometry (FTP) is particularly fit for dynamic 3D measurement, because of only one fringe pattern needed and full field analysis. In this paper some 3D phase unwrapping techniques for dynamic 3D shape measurement mainly in our Lab. are presented and reviewed. The basic methods and algorithm design are introduced. The basic methods include direct 3D phase unwrapping, 3D diamond phase unwrapping, 3D phase unwrapping based on reliability ordering, 3D phase unwrapping based on marked fringe tracing. The advantage of the phase unwrapping based on reliability ordering is that the path of phase unwrapping is always along the direction from the pixel with higher reliability parameter value to the pixel with low reliability parameter value. Therefore, in the worse case the error is limited, if there is any, to local minimum areas.
Prolactin induction of casein mRNA in organ culture. A model system for studying peptide hormone regulation of gene expression. (1978)

The peptide hormone, prolactin, when added to organ explants of rat mammary gland, rapidly (within 1 h) induced the accumulation of casein mRNA. Casein mRNA sequences, as determined by hybridization with a specific cDNA probe, were shown to increase for up to 48 h after prolactin addition. The magnitude of this response was dependent upon the day of pregnancy at which the tissue was placed in culture. Maximal levels of induction (as great as 45-fold) were obtained using tissue from 15-day pregnant rats. Further data indicate that two steroid hormones, hydrocortisone and progesterone, were able to modulate the prolactin-induced accumulation of casein mRNA. The continuous presence of hydrocortisone was not necessary for prolactin induction of casein mRNA. However, the presence of hydrocortisone was required for maximal accumulation of casein mRNA. The induction of casein mRNA by prolactin was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the simultaneous addition of progesterone to the organ culture. Thus, hydrocortisone appears to potentiate the prolactin induction of casein mRNA, whereas progesterone is able to prevent casein mRNA accumulation. Since mammary gland organ culture is performed in a serum-free, chemically defined medium, this system allows a detailed examination of the mechanims by which a peptide hormone regulates the rapid accumulation of a specific mRNA.
A 16-Element Dual-row Transmit Coil Array for 3D RF Shimming at 9.4 T (2012)

The well known transmit field inhomogeneity at ultra high field strengths, caused by the shorter RF wavelength in tissue, is most severe in the lower half of the brain. A dual-row 16 element transmit coil that gives the additional flexibility to shim for the lower brain was designed. Numerical investigation revealed excellent static B1 shimming performance. In vivo shimming on a coronal slice demonstrates the ability to improve the transmit field in brain regions that are challenging to image using single-row transmit arrays. The coil can be combined with receive-only arrays for highly sensitive parallel signal reception.
Of Rats and Men: a Translational Model To Understand Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic/Toxicodynamic Relationships (2021)

Vancomycin area under the concentration curve (AUC) is known to predict vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Data were analyzed from a rat model (<i>n</i> = 48) and two prospective clinical studies (PROVIDE [<i>n</i> = 263] and CAMERA2 [<i>n</i> = 291]). A logit-link model was used to calculate the multiplicative factors between the probability of AKI from clinical studies and in the rat. The rat was 2.7 to 4.2 times more sensitive to AKI between AUCs of 199.5 and 794.3 mg·h/liter, respectively.
Automating structured matrix-matrix multiplication for stream processing (2016)

Structured matrices in which at least one element is known to always be zero commonly appear in a variety of applications, including Markov processes, MIMO communications, and eigenvalue decomposition. Since matrices with known zeros require fewer computations, generating hardware to take advantage of this allows increased throughput. The approach in this paper can generate hardware for anything ranging from very sparse to completely full matrices. When dense (all elements non-zero) matrix multiplication hardware is generated, throughput is comparable to commercially available generators. As sparsity increases, throughput improves proportionally. This method also achieves a shorter processing delay compared with other techniques for sparse matrices.
Seismic Hazard Assessment (2009)

The objective of the present study is to propose a low-cost instrumentation methodology for urban areas, in order to effectively record actual strong motion variations on an adequately dense grid during at least light intensity seismic events.The proposed methodology is an efficient alternative to usual microzonation studies, which, due to economic reasons, are typically based on relatively few actual recordings and then use theoretical assumptions to assess the strong motion distribution throughout the area under study.The availability of actual recordings on a dense grid, which is feasible to implement through this new approach, minimizes many theoretical uncertainties inherent in the usual studies.For this purpose, an autonomous triaxial accelerograph based on MEMS sensor technology has been designed and manufactured, together with custom developed software for device configuration and data retrieval.The production cost of the developed devices is an order of magnitude lower than the presently available commercial products, thus making economically feasible their deployment on a dense grid all over the urban area under study.As a pilot case, over 20 prototype accelerographs have been already installed on a high-seismicity urban area in Greece, aiming to record the local variability of strong motion within a relatively small area.The expected strong motion records are georeferenced and postprocessed with custom designed GIS-type software, in order to produce explicit seismic hazard maps of the considered urban area.The application of the above procedure requires minimum maintenance and human intervention at a fraction of the cost compared to available commercial solutions.
High efficiency PFC converter to meet EN61000-3-2 and A14 (2002)

The introduction of Regulation EN61000-3-2 a few years ago has forced power supply engineers to design AC/DC power converters that meet the limits imposed by it. As a consequence and considering that unity power factor is not required, many alternatives to the classical two-stage approach have been proposed reducing the cost of the power supply, especially in low power applications. The recent publication of the Amendment 14, that modifies the definition of the Class D of EN61000-3-2, may change the scope again. In this paper, a new AC/DC converter is proposed. This converter has been designed to improve the efficiency over the classical two-stage approach by improving the energy management. Thus, output power is processed 1.2 times instead of twice. Moreover, the voltage on the storage capacitor is not very sensitive to input voltage variations making the optimisation of the converter easy. The line current has been analysed and a trade-off between efficiency and distortion has been found.
Cell-mediated immunity in the aetiopathogenesis of insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus. (1984)

We have investigated lymphocyte subpopulation levels with monoclonal antibodies in newly diagnosed insulin-dependent (type I) diabetics and in unaffected siblings of type I diabetic probands with islet cell antibodies. Our data show that in newly diagnosed diabetics there is 1) a decrease in T cells with suppressor phenotype, 2) an increase of T cells with cytotoxic phenotype and 3) the presence of "activated" T cells. The latter have also been found in some unaffected siblings with islet cell antibodies. These results suggest that cellular immune alterations are present, not only at diagnosis, but also in normal but "susceptible" individuals. "Activated" T cells could be a "disease" marker, but their better definition in terms of specificity should be established.
Convergent Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Substituted exo‐Glycals by Stille Cross‐Coupling of Halo‐exo‐glycals and Stannanes. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Combining probability from independent tests: the weighted Z ‐method is superior to Fisher's approach (2005)

The most commonly used method in evolutionary biology for combining information across multiple tests of the same null hypothesis is Fisher's combined probability test. This note shows that an alternative method called the weighted Z-test has more power and more precision than does Fisher's test. Furthermore, in contrast to some statements in the literature, the weighted Z-method is superior to the unweighted Z-transform approach. The results in this note show that, when combining P-values from multiple tests of the same hypothesis, the weighted Z-method should be preferred.
Expression of the Type II Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Cultured Rat Astrocytes Is Selenium-dependent (1997)

The iodothyronine deiodinases are a family of selenoproteins that metabolize thyroxine and other thyroid hormones to active and inactive metabolites in a number of tissues including brain. Using primary cultures of rat astroglial cells as a model system, we demonstrate that the mRNA for the type II iodothyronine deiodinase (DII) selenoenzyme is rapidly and markedly induced by forskolin and 8-bromo-cAMP. The induction of DII activity, however, was significantly impaired by culturing cells in selenium-deficient medium for 7 days. Under such conditions, the addition of selenium resulted in a rapid increase in cAMP-induced DII activity that was dose-dependent, with maximal effects noted within 2 h. Cycloheximide blocked this effect of selenium on restoring cAMP-induced DII activity, whereas actinomycin D did not. These data demonstrate that the DII selenoenzyme is expressed in cultured astrocytes and that the induction of DII activity by cAMP analogues appears to be mediated, at least in part, by pretranslational mechanisms. Furthermore, selenium deprivation impairs the expression of DII activity at the level of translation.
Spatially Modulated Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes with Non-Vanishing Determinants (2014)

This paper proposes a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission scheme for M-ary modulations, called Spatially Modulated Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding (SM—OSTBC), based on the concept of Spatial Constellation (SC) codewords introduced by Le at el. . In the proposed scheme, transmit codeword matrices are generated by multiplying SC matrices with codewords constructed from Orthogonal Space-time Block Codes (O—STBC). The maximum spectral efficiency of the proposed scheme is equal to (n_T-2+ log_2 M) bpcu, where n_T is the number of transmit antennas and M is the modulation order. The SC matrices provide a means of carrying information bits together with the O—STBC codewords and allow the SM—OSTBC scheme to achieve second-order transmit diversity by satisfying the non-vanishing determinant property. A systematic method to design the SC codewords for an even number of transmit antennas greater than 3 is presented. A single-stream maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder, which requires a low computational complexity thanks to the structure of the SM—OSTBC codewords and to the orthogonality of the O—STBCs, and a sphere decoder with further reduced signal processing complexity are developed. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed scheme is studied by using both theoretical union bound analysis and computer simulations. Finally, simulation results are presented in order to compare BER performance, energy efficiency and decoding complexity of the proposed scheme with those of several existing MIMO transmission schemes.
Multispectral Eye Detection: A Preliminary Study (2010)

In this paper the problem of eye detection across three different bands, i.e., the visible, multispectral, and short wave infrared (SWIR), is studied in order to illustrate the advantages and limitations of multi-band eye localization. The contributions of this work are two-fold. First, a multi-band database of 30 subjects is assembled and used to illustrate the challenges associated with the problem. Second, a set of experiments is performed in order to demonstrate the possibility for multi-band eye detection. Experiments show that the eyes on face images captured under different bands can be detected with promising results. Finally, we illustrate that recognition performance in all studied bands is favorably affected by the geometric normalization of raw face images that is based on our proposed detection methodology. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that this problem is being investigated in the open literature in the context of human eye localization across different bands.
Transseptal Access: A Review of Contemporary Tools (2022)

Transseptal left atrial catheterization is routinely used for many common catheter-based interventions. Tools for transseptal catheterization have advanced over the recent years. Such tools include imaging advances with intracardiac echocardiology as well as an array of needles, wires, and dilators to achieve transseptal access with greater ease and safety. This review will discuss the contemporary tools for transseptal catheterization and guidance for difficult cases.
Metabolites of chlorogenic acid and its isomers: Metabolic pathways and activities for ameliorating myocardial hypertrophy (2022)

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) has gained considerable attention as pervasive human dietary constituents with potential cardiovascular-preserving effects. CGA and its structural isomers neochlorogenic acid (NCGA), cryptochlorogenic acid (CCGA) possessed potential capacities on improving myocardial hypertrophy. This study aimed to clarify the active metabolites responsible for improving myocardial hypertrophy of CGA, NCGA and CCGA. As a result, similar to in heart, the different metabolites between pathological and myocardial hypertrophy plasma were basically inactive phase Ⅱ metabolites. Finally, 10 metabolites which were accurately identified in CGA, CCGA and NCGA were chosen to be candidates. And the isoproterenol induced H9c2 cells were used as the myocardial hypertrophy model to screen the active metabolites. In conclusion, based on the results of quantification of cardiomyocyte surface area and expression of ANP, BNP and HIF-1α mRNA, caffeic acid, methyl caffeate and dihydrocaffeic acid were identified as the active metabolites.
Activation of liver X receptor improves glucose tolerance through coordinate regulation of glucose metabolism in liver and adipose tissue (2003)

The control of lipid and glucose metabolism is closely linked. The nuclear receptors liver X receptor (LXR)alpha and LXR beta have been implicated in gene expression linked to lipid homeostasis; however, their role in glucose metabolism is not clear. We demonstrate here that the synthetic LXR agonist GW3965 improves glucose tolerance in a murine model of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Analysis of gene expression in LXR agonist-treated mice reveals coordinate regulation of genes involved in glucose metabolism in liver and adipose tissue. In the liver, activation of LXR led to the suppression of the gluconeogenic program including down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose-6-phosphatase expression. Inhibition of gluconeogenic genes was accompanied by an induction in expression of glucokinase, which promotes hepatic glucose utilization. In adipose tissue, activation of LXR led to the transcriptional induction of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter, GLUT4. We show that the GLUT4 promoter is a direct transcriptional target for the LXR/retinoid X receptor heterodimer and that the ability of LXR ligands to induce GLUT4 expression is abolished in LXR null cells and animals. Consistent with their effects on GLUT4 expression, LXR agonists promote glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro. Thus, activation of LXR alters the expression of genes in liver and adipose tissue that collectively would be expected to limit hepatic glucose output and improve peripheral glucose uptake. These results outline a role for LXRs in the coordination of lipid and glucose metabolism.
Overcoming the Intuition Wall: Measurement and Analysis in Computer Architecture (2014)

These are exciting times for computer architecture research. Today there is significant demand to improve the performance and energy-efficiency of emerging, transformative applications which are being hammered out by the hundreds for new computing platforms and usage models. This booming growth of applications and the variety of programming languages used to create them is challenging our ability as architects to rapidly and rigorously characterize these applications. Concurrently, hardware has become more complex with the emergence of accelerators, multicore systems, and heterogeneity caused by further divergence between processor market segments. No one architect can now understand all the complexities of many systems and reason about the full impact of changes or new applications. To that end, this dissertation presents four case studies in quantitative methods. Each case study attacks a different application and proposes a new measurement or analytical technique. In each case study we find at least one surprising or unintuitive result which would likely not have been found without the application of our method.
Speaking With One's Self Autoscopic Phenomena in Writings from the Ecstatic Kabbalah (2005)

Immediate experience localizes the self within the limits of the physical body. This spatial unity has been challenged by philosophical and mystical traditions aimed to isolate concepts of mind and body. A more direct challenge of the spatial unity comes from a well-defined group of experiences called 'autoscopic phenomena' (AP), in which the subject has the impression of seeing a second own body in an extrapersonal space. AP are known to occur in many human cultures and have been described in healthy, as well as neurological and psychiatric populations. In this article we investigate the phenomenology of AP as described in the writings of the ecstatic Kabbalah of the thirteenth century, and search for similarities and differences with respect to AP from these and other populations. The article discusses potential common research areas between cognitive science and the science of religious experience.
Liver-derived IGF-I regulates exploratory activity in old mice (2005)

Growth hormone (GH) replacement in hypopituitary patients improves well-being and initiative. Experimental studies indicate that these psychic effects may be reflected in enhanced locomotor activity in mice. It is unknown whether these phenomena are mediated directly by GH or by circulating IGF-I. IGF-I production in the liver was inactivated at 6-10 wk of age (LI-IGF-I-/- mice), resulting in an 80-85% reduction of circulating IGF-I, and, secondary to this, increased GH secretion. Using activity boxes on three different occasions during 1 wk, 6-mo-old LI-IGF-I-/- mice had similar activity levels, and 14-mo-old mice had a moderate but significant decrease in activity level, compared with control mice. At 20 mo of age, the LI-IGF-I-/- mice displayed a more prominent decrease in activity level with decreased horizontal activity throughout the test period, and at day 1, there were several signs of an altered habituation process with different time patterns of locomotor activity and horizontal activity compared with the control mice. At days 3 and 5, rearing activity was lower in the 20-mo-old LI-IGF-I-/- mice. Anxiety level was unaffected in all age groups, as measured using the Montgomery's elevated plus-maze. In conclusion, old LI-IGF-I-/- mice displayed a decrease in both horizontal and rearing (exploratory) activity level and an altered habituation process. These results indicate that liver-derived IGF-I mediates at least part of the effects of GH on exploratory activity in mice.
A case of bronchial carcinoid presenting carcinoid syndrome with serotonin in the tumor tissue. (1987)

症例は73歳男性.右側胸部痛で受診, 胸部X線上右下葉無気肺を指摘.3年後右完全無気肺となり, 右主気管支にポリープ様腫瘍を認め, 生検でカルチノイドと診断した.カルチノイド症候群として顔面の毛細血管拡張および皮膚潮紅と下痢を呈し, 血中serotonin, 尿中5-HIAAの上昇がみられた.剖検でえた腫瘍組織のGrimelius染色で細胞内に嗜銀顆粒を, 電顕にて神経内分泌顆粒を確認し, 抗serotonin抗体を用いたABC法でserotoninの存在を証明できた.
Simultaneous reduction of oxides and dissolution of alumina in stainless steelmaking slag (2002)

AbstractAbstractDuring stainless steelmaking, reductions of oxides, dissolution of oxides in the slag, and foam formation take place simultaneously. Each of these phenomena independently has been studied by a number of investigators, but little information is available for these phenomena acting simultaneously. Experiments have been conducted to study the simultaneous reduction of oxides of chromium, vanadium, and iron from stainless steelmaking slag by carbon along with the dissolution of alumina in the slag. The overall phenomena and the effect on the chromium oxide reduction have been studied.
TENSILE DURABILITY PERFORMANCE OF CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES EXTERNALLY WRAPPED WITH FRP SHEETS (1998)

Fiber reinforced plastic composite (FRPC) wraps have been established as an effective method for rehabilitation and strengthening of concrete structures. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the tensile performance of cement and concrete materials wrapped with FRPC sheets subjected to wet-dry and free-thaw cycles. The tensile test was conducted using the ASCERA hydraulic tensile tester. This test technique provides a more uniform tensile loading and minimizes gripping stresses and misalignment which can be a significant source of error. Test variables included the type of fiber and environmental exposure conditions. At the end of each exposure, tensile strength behavior was obtained and then compared to the performance of unconditioned samples. Test results show that the C1 carbon fiber wrapped specimens experienced no reduction in strength due to wet/dry or freeze/thaw exposure, whereas C2 carbon fiber experienced a 10% reduction in strength. Glass fiber wrapped specimens subjected to wet/dry exposure exhibited about a 20% reduction in strength, whereas specimens subjected to freeze/thaw exposure suffered about a 5% reduction in strength. The rule of mixtures model was used to predict the tensile strength of the fibers. Fractography was used to identify the failure initiating flaw and failure mode for the fractured tensile specimens.