gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytokinins as boron deficiency signals to sustain shoot development in boron‐efficient oilseed rape (2022)

Boron (B) deficiency is a highly prominent nutrient disorder. While B-efficient accessions have recently been identified in the highly B-demanding crop oilseed rape, it remained unclear which physiological processes underlie B efficiency and which signaling pathways trigger an efficient B-deficiency response. Here, we compared, under three different B supply conditions, two Brassica napus accessions with contrasting B efficiency. Shoot biomass formation, B distribution patterns and metabolic dynamics of different phytohormone species were studied using a combination of mass spectrometry-based analyses and physiological measurements. Our results show that the B-efficient accession CR2267 does not differ from the B-inefficient accession CR2262 in terms of B accumulation and subcellular B-partitioning, although it displays no morphological B-deficiency symptoms under severe B-deficient conditions. Investigating phytohormone metabolism revealed a strong accumulation of cytokinins in CR2267 at a developmental stage when striking B-dependent differences in biomass and organ formation emerge in the two B. napus accessions. In contrast, elevated levels of the stress hormone abscisic acid as well as bioactive auxins, representing functional antagonists of cytokinins in shoots, were detected only in CR2262. Our results indicate that superior B efficiency in CR2267 relies on a higher B utilization efficiency that builds on an earlier and higher cytokinin biosynthesis required for the maintenance of the shoot meristem activity and proper leaf development. We further conclude that an elevated abundance of cytokinins is not a consequence of better plant growth but rather a presumption for better plant growth under low-B conditions.
Quantitative Measurement of Bone Density Using Gamma-Ray Computed Tomography (1982)

A special purpose gamma-ray computed tomography scanner has been developed for precise measurements of bone density in the human appendicular skeleton. Details of the scanner's hardware and of the software organization for system control and data analysis are given, together with an outline of the theoretical basis for conversion of measured linear attenuation coefficients to physical bone densities. Performance of the system was evaluated on bone-like phantoms. Clinically, a precision of +/- 0.5% is obtained for bone density determinations. This device is being used in experimental studies and clinical investigations.
Planning Modalities (2017)

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Climate Sensitivity of a One-Dimensional Radiative-Convective Model with Cloud Feedback (1981)

We illustrate the potential complexity of the feedback between global mean cloud amount and global mean surface temperature when variations of the vertical cloud distribution are included by studying the behavior of a one-dimensional radiative–convective model with two types of cloud variation: 1) variable cloud cover with constant optical thickness and 2) variable optical thickness with constant cloud cover. The variable parameter is calculated assuming a correlation between cloud amount and precipitation or the vertical flux convergence of latent heat. Since the vertical latent heat flux is taken to be a fraction of the total heat flux, modeled by convective adjustment, we examine the sensitivity of the results to two different critical lapse rates, a constant 6.5 K km−1 lapse rate and a temperature-dependent, moist adiabatic lapse rate. The effects of the vertical structure of climate perturbations on the nature of the cloud feedback are examined using two cases: a 2% increase in the solar constant and a doubling of the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. The model results show that changes in the vertical cloud distribution and mean cloud optical thickness can be as important to climate variations as are changes in the total cloud cover. Further the variety and complexity of the feedbacks exhibited even by this simple model suggest that proper determination of cloud feedbacks must include the effects of varying vertical distribution.
Chemical solution deposition of ferroelectric yttrium-doped hafnium oxide films on platinum electrodes (2014)

Ferroelectric hafnium oxide films were fabricated by chemical solution deposition with a remnant polarization of &amp;gt;13 μC/cm2. The samples were prepared with 5.2 mol. % yttrium-doping and the thickness varied from 18 nm to 70 nm. The hafnium oxide layer was integrated into a metal-insulator-metal capacitor using platinum electrodes. Due to the processing procedure, no thickness dependence of the ferroelectric properties was observed. To confirm the ferroelectric nature of the deposited samples, polarization, capacitance, and piezoelectric displacement measurements were performed. However, no evidence of the orthorhombic phase was found which has been proposed to be the non-centrosymmetric, ferroelectric phase in HfO2.
Angiotensin II Subtype-1 Receptor Blockade During the Development of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Dogs: Effects on Ventricular and Myocyte Function (1997)

Inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in developing left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy has been demonstrated to have inhibitory effects on myocardial growth. An important mechanism of action of ACE inhibition is modulation of myocardial AT1 Ang II-receptor activity. However, whether and to what extent AT1 Ang II-receptor blockade may influence LV and myocyte function during the hypertrophic process remains unclear. Accordingly, our project examined the relation between changes in LV and myocyte function during the LV hypertrophic process that occurs after recovery from long-term rapid pacing. Dogs were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: (a) Pace and Recovery, long-term rapid pacing (4 weeks; 216 +/- 2 beats/min) followed by a 4-week recovery period (n = 6); (b) Recovery/AT1 Block, concomitant AT1 Ang II-receptor blockade [irbesartan (SR 47436; BMS-186295) 30 mg/kg b.i.d.] administered during the 4-week recovery period (n = 5); and (c) Control, sham controls (n = 6). There was no difference in mean arterial pressure in any of the three groups. With pacing and recovery, LV end-diastolic volume and mass were increased by >50% from control values. The significant LV remodeling that occurred with recovery from long-term rapid pacing was associated with a decline in LV ejection fraction (59 +/- 3% vs. 68 +/- 4%) and myocyte velocity of shortening (43 +/- 3 microm/s vs. 63 +/- 3 microm/s) when compared with controls (p < 0.05). With recovery from long-term rapid pacing, LV myocyte length (176 +/- 6 microm vs. 150 +/- 1 microm) and cross-sectional area were increased (292 +/- 7 microm2 vs. 227 +/- 6 microm2) compared with controls (p < 0.05). With AT1 Ang II block during recovery from rapid pacing, LV end-diastolic volume was similar to untreated recovery values, but LV mass was normalized. LV ejection fraction was not different from control values with AT1 Ang II-receptor block. Steady-state myocyte velocity of shortening with AT1 Ang II block was similar to control values (55 +/- 5 microm/s), but percentage shortening remained reduced from control (3.55 +/- 0.37% vs. 4.71 +/- 0.12%, respectively, p < 0.05) and was similar to untreated recovery (3.59 +/- 0.23%). With AT1 Ang II block, myocyte length was similar to untreated recovery values, but cross-sectional area was reduced (260 +/- 5 microm2, p < 0.05). Thus AT1 Ang II-receptor blockade instituted in this model of developing LV hypertrophy, significantly reduced LV mass but did not reduce the degree of LV dilation. The cellular basis for these effects of AT1 Ang II-receptor blockade included persistent abnormalities in LV myocyte geometry. AT1 Ang II-receptor blockade improved certain indices of myocyte contractile function from untreated hypertrophy values. These findings suggest that in this pacing-recovery model, the development of LV hypertrophy and myocyte contractile dysfunction may be caused, at least in part, by AT1 Ang II-receptor activation.
Yeast expression and phagemid display of the human urokinase plasminogen activator epidermal growth factor-like domain (1995)

The human urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) epidermal growth factor-like domain (residues 1-48) and a variant with a C-terminal epitope tag have been secreted from recombinant yeast. Purified human uPA 1-48 and uPA 1-48glu complete for binding to the human uPA receptor with Kds of 180 and 400 pM respectively, in an in vitro assay using an immobilized recombinant uPA receptor. A synthetic gene encoding human uPA 1-48 with an N-terminal epitope tag was inserted into a phagemid expression vector as a fusion with residues 249-406 of the M13 pIII protein with an intervening amber codon (TAG). Phagemid production led to infectious particles which were selectively bound and eluted from both epitope tag antibody and urokinase receptor. Sequential binding to this antibody and receptor demonstrated a substantial enrichment, where up to 10% of the infectious particles were then retained on urokinase receptor-coated plates. A PCR strategy was used to convert previously described peptide bacteriophage ligands for the urokinase receptor to phagemid display. The yields of these peptide phagemids and the uPA 1-48 phagemid showed a correlation with peptide affinity, in contrast to when the peptides are multivalently displayed on a bacteriophage.
An Energy-Efficient All-Digital Time-Domain-Based CMOS Temperature Sensor for SoC Thermal Management (2014)

We propose an all-digital on-chip time-domain temperature sensor for system-on-a-chip (SoC) thermal management. For on-chip purposes, the proposed temperature sensor achieves energy- and area-efficient and fast thermal monitoring by adopting a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) with the frequency divider and XNOR gate to generate temperature-dependent pulse. The frequency divider with the fine delay unit allows DCO of the proposed structure to have a smaller number of delay cells than a conventional open-loop delay line while maintaining resolution. The use of DCO with frequency divider, which consists of three flip-flops, reduced the required delay line length by 16 times. XNOR gate facilitates the fast thermal monitoring by simply providing the temperature-proportional pulse without additional processing. Temperature measurement results are provided with a digital code generated by a simple counter-based time-to-digital conversion. The proposed temperature sensor is fabricated using 0.13-μm CMOS technology and achieves a low-energy consumption of 2.3 nJ at a conversion rate of 293 kHz with a resolution of 0.72 °C and an area of 0.036 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The proposed sensor also obtains a measurement error of -2.4 °C to 2.16 °C from nine test chips over a temperature range of 20 °C-120 °C, which is suitable for SoC thermal management.
29pm3-PN-41 Suppression of resonance of microdroplets (2015)

This paper highlights the natural frequency of droplets used for portable biosensors. The functionalities of membrane proteins are of interest for biosensor applications. We have been developing devices integrating membrane proteins on artificial bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs), where water-in-oil droplets play key roles for reproducible BLM formation. For portable uses, however, BLM rupture would become a severe problem. Previous works found that there seemed to be two cases of BLM rupture in the devices. One is due to the natural frequency of BLM. The other case is the external force from aqueous droplets contacting to BLM; the sloshing of the droplets would destroy the BLM. Here, we examined the sloshing of droplets at different dimensions to reveal the factors deeply related to the natural frequency. The results indicated that the natural frequency basically followed the conventional theory, while surface tension and viscosity may be alternative factors.
Two Gene Determinants Are Differentially Involved in the Biogenesis of Fap1 Precursors inStreptococcus parasanguis (2007)

Mature Fap1, a 200-kDa fimbria-associated adhesin, is required for fimbrial biogenesis and biofilm formation in Streptococcus parasanguis. Fap1-like proteins are found in the genomes of many streptococcal and staphylococcal species. Fap1 is a serine-rich glycoprotein modified by O-linked glycan moieties. In this study, we identified a seven-gene cluster including secY2, orf1, orf2, orf3, secA2, gtf1, and gtf2 that is localized immediately downstream of fap1. The lower G+C contents and the presence of a putative transposase element suggest that this gene cluster was horizontally transferred from other bacteria and represents a genomic island. At least two genes in this island mediated Fap1 biogenesis. Mutation of a glucosyltransferase (Gtf1) gene led to accumulation of a Fap1 precursor, which had no detectable glycan moieties. Inactivation of a gene coding for an accessory Sec protein (SecY2) resulted in expression of a distinct Fap1 precursor, which reacted with one glycan-specific Fap1 antibody but not with another glycan-specific antibody. Furthermore, partially glycosylated Fap1 was detected on the cell surface and in the culture supernatant. These data suggest that SecY2 has a role in complete glycosylation of Fap1 and imply that SecY2 is not the only translocation channel for the Fap1 precursor and that alternative secretion machinery exists. Together, Gtf1 and SecY2 are involved in biogenesis of two distinct Fap1 precursors in S. parasanguis. Discovery of the effect of an accessory Sec protein on Fap1 glycosylation suggests that Fap1 secretion and glycosylation are coupled during Fap1 biogenesis.
A 1.2-V-only 900-mW 10 gb ethernet transceiver and XAUI interface with robust VCO tuning technique (2005)

This paper describes the design and the implementation of a fully integrated 10 Gb Ethernet transceiver in a 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS process using only a 1.2 V supply. A coarse control algorithm that combines a voltage range monitoring circuit with a frequency lock detector provides a robust operation against process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations for a VCO with a ring oscillator. With the use of a blind oversampling DPLL architecture, four channels of XAUI transceivers can share a single PLL, eliminating the clock synchronization problem between channels. Also, the total number of clock domains for the entire chip is reduced to three, making the integration of the XAUI with the 10G transceiver much simpler. The test chip consumes 898 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
Applications Using Geochemical Logs (1989)

ABSTRACT Elemental logs can be combined with mineral models to provide significant information for geological description and evaluation of downhole formations. Mineral compositions from geochemical logs can be applied to a variety of lithologies, stratigraphie settings, and geological ages including those of the Middle East. The most abundant element concentrations in the rock-forming minerals are obtained from the Geochemical Logging Tool (GLT*). This tool measures natural, activation, and prompt neutron capture gamma-ray spectra. In addition to the traditional potassium, thorium, and uranium from natural gamma-ray spectrometry, a direct measurement of aluminum concentration is provided. A geochemically-based closure model is used to derive silicon, calcium, iron, sulfur, gadolinium, and titanium concentrations. The concentration of these elements, expressed in weight percent, significantly improves identification of mineral composition, and allows the estimation of important formation properties -- an excellent basis for a broad range of applications useful to petroleum engineers, geologists, and petrophysicists.
Semi-supervised latent variable models for sentence-level sentiment analysis (2011)

We derive two variants of a semi-supervised model for fine-grained sentiment analysis. Both models leverage abundant natural supervision in the form of review ratings, as well as a small amount of manually crafted sentence labels, to learn sentence-level sentiment classifiers. The proposed model is a fusion of a fully supervised structured conditional model and its partially supervised counterpart. This allows for highly efficient estimation and inference algorithms with rich feature definitions. We describe the two variants as well as their component models and verify experimentally that both variants give significantly improved results for sentence-level sentiment analysis compared to all baselines.
The quest for a triplet ground‐state alkene: Highly twisted C═C double bonds (2019)

Abstract Density functional theory and extrapolated CCSD(T) computations of several “anti‐Bredt” alkenes were carried to explore possible 1,2‐diyl “alkene” candidates with a triplet ground state. Ten candidates containing twisted double bonds at the bridgehead positions of bicyclic structures ( 1‐6 ) or adamantene ( 7‐10 ) derivatives were studied. Based on a combination of ring strain, rigid scaffolding, and steric crowding, four species were identified to have surprisingly low singlet‐triplet energy gaps (lower than 4 kcal/mol). A tert‐ butyl substituted bicyclic structure ( 4 ) was identified to have a near‐zero singlet‐triplet energy gap, but no triplet ground‐state alkene was found. Ring strain energy (RSE) calculations, π‐orbital axis vector (POAV) analyses, and multiple linear regression models were performed to elucidate the geometric and energetic effects of double bond twisting in 1‐10 . Based on our computational exploration, it appears unlikely that there is a ground‐state triplet olefin.
Metadata Management With IBM Infosphere Information Server (2011)

What do you know about your data? And how do you know what you know about your data?Information governance initiatives address corporate concerns about the quality and reliability of information in planning and decision-making processes. Metadata management refers to the tools, processes, and environment that are provided so that organizations can reliably and easily share, locate, and retrieve information from these systems.Enterprise-wide information integration projects integrate data from these systems to one location to generate required reports and analysis. During this type of implementation process, metadata management must be provided along each step to ensure that the final reports and analysis are from the right data sources, are complete, and have quality.This IBM Redbooks publication introduces the information governance initiative and highlights the immediate needs for metadata management. It explains how IBM InfoSphereTM Information Server provides a single unified platform and a collection of product modules and components so that organizations can understand, cleanse, transform, and deliver trustworthy and context-rich information. It describes a typical implementation process. It explains how InfoSphere Information Server provides the functions that are required to implement such a solution and, more importantly, to achieve metadata management.This book is for business leaders and IT architects with an overview of metadata management in information integration solution space. It also provides key technical details that IT professionals can use in a solution planning, design, and implementation process.
Transactivation of BARNASE under the AtLTP1 promoter affects the basal pole of the embryo and shoot development of the adult plant in Arabidopsis (2001)

Genetically controlled expression of a toxin provides a tool to remove a specific structure and consequently study its role during a developmental process. The availability of many tissue-specific promoters is a good argument for the development of such a strategy in plants. We have developed a conditional system for targeted toxin expression and demonstrated its use for generating embryo phenotypes that can bring valuable information about signalling during embryogenesis. The BARNASE gene was expressed in the Arabidopsis embryo under the control of two promoters, one from the cyclin AtCYCB1 gene and one from the AtLTP1 gene (Lipid Transfer Protein 1). One-hundred percent seed abortion was obtained with the cyclin promoter. Surprisingly however, the embryos displayed a range of lethal phenotypes instead of a single arrested stage as expected from this promoter. We also show that BARNASE expression under the control of the AtLTP1 promoter affects the basal pole of the globular embryo. Together with reporter expression studies, this result suggests a role of the epidermis in controlling the development of the lower tier of the embryo. This defect was not embryo-lethal and we show that the seedlings displayed a severe shoot phenotype correlated to epidermal defects. Therefore, the epidermis does not play an active role during organogenesis in seedlings but is important for the postgermination development of a viable plant.
Specific suppression of antibody rebound after extracorporeal immunoadsorption. I. Comparison of single versus combination chemotherapeutic agents. (1978)

The specific removal of circulating bovine serum albumin (BSA) antibodies in canine hosts with a BSA collodion charcoal extracorporeal immunoadsorbent is followed by a rebound and overshoot of specific antibody levels within 7 days after perfusion. Studies were carried out in dogs actively immunized to BSA and human serum albumin (HSA) to determine whether the post-immunoadsorption antibody rebound could be modified by the administration of various chemotherapeutic agents given alone or in combination, at various intervals in the post-perfusion period. Control extracorporeal immunoadsorption was carried out in each dog and its own pattern of post-perfusion antibody rebound was recorded. After a second extracorporeal perfusion, single drug chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate or cytosine arabinoside resulted in a slight delay, or had no effect on the recovery of antibody levels to pre-perfusion values. In contrast, dual (cyclophosphamide and cytosine arabinoside) or triple (cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside and methotrexate) chemotherapy resulted in specific attenuation or arrest of BSA antibody rebound after specific immunoadsorption. BSA binding of serum rebounded to 62% of pre-perfusion values in one dog, but declined 37% and 22% below post-perfusion levels in two others. The immunosuppressive effect of dual or triple chemotherapy on BSA binding was specific, since control levels of HSA binding in sera were unchanged by the extracorporeal immunoadsorption and the chemotherapeutic treatment. Drug toxicity, including myelosuppression, diarrhoea and fever was transient and reversible upon cessation of treatment, but was more severe in dogs given a dual or triple drug treatment. Therefore, chemotherapeutic agents employed after extracorporeal immunoadsorption may result in specific reduction and lasting suppression of circulating antibody levels. Conclusions based on the number of dogs studied must be guarded, but these findings suggest a potentially effective therapeutic approach to many antibody mediated diseases.
Laser-induced local heating of moving multilayer media (1983)

Earlier work on the local heating of stationary multilayer structures by focused laser light has been extended to deal with nonstationary situations. The numerical procedures described here are therefore applicable to many important technologies including optical recording, thermal marking, and laser annealing. We demonstrate this in two examples, namely, the effects of readout intensity on the readout signal from a quadrilayer magnetooptic disk and the writing threshold for ablative materials in single-layer and three-layer structures.