gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angular-profile tuning of guided waves in hollow cylinders using a circumferential phased array (2002)

Angular-profile tuning of guided waves in hollow cylinders is implemented by using partial loading of the elements in a circumferentially placed phased array. Each partial loading element generates nonaxisymmetric guided waves in a pipe. In earlier work, numerical calculations and experiments have shown that, for nonaxisymmetric guided waves, circumferential distribution of particle displacements (i.e., the angular profile) changes with propagation distance, frequency, and mode. To change the angular profile at a certain distance, either frequency or mode has to be changed for a single partial loading element. This is not the case, however, for a circumferential phased array. The total angular profile of a circumferential array is the superposition of contributions from all elements. If given the knowledge of the angular profile for a single element, the total guided wave angular profile can be controlled and thus focused at any specific circumferential location by a circumferentially placed phased array with adjustable voltage level and phase inputs. This angular profile tuning technique can be used for implementing a circumferential scan with focused, guided wave beams, which leads to the detection of smaller defects as a result of stronger focused beams. Algorithms and specific nondestructive evaluation (NDE) applications for pipe inspection using this technique are discussed.
Managing lifelong learning records through blockchain (2019)

It is a common practice to issue a summary of a learner’s learning achievements in form of a transcript or certificate. However, detailed information on the depth of learning and how learning or teachings were conducted is not present in the transcript of scores. This work presents the first practical implementation of a new platform for keeping track of learning achievements beyond transcripts and certificates. This is achieved by maintaining digital hashes of learning activities and managing access rights through the use of smart contracts on the blockchain. The blockchain of learning logs (BOLL) is a platform that enable learners to move their learning records from one institution to another in a secure and verifiable format. This primarily solves the cold-start problem faced by learning data analytic platforms when trying to offer personalized experience to new learners. BOLL enables existing learning data analytic platforms to access the learning logs from other institutions with the permission of the learners and/or institution who originally have ownership of the logs. The main contribution of this paper is to investigate how learning records could be connected across institutions using BOLL. We present an overview of how the implementation has been carried out, discuss resource requirements, and compare the advantages BOLL has over other similar tools.
Low-Level Features for Image Retrieval Based on Extraction of Directional Binary Patterns And its Oriented Gradients Histogram (2015)

In this paper, we present a novel approach for image retrieval based on extraction of low level features using techniques such as Directional Binary Code (DBC), Haar Wavelet transform and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG). The DBC texture descriptor captures the spatial relationship between any pair of neighbourhood pixels in a local region along a given direction, while Local Binary Patterns (LBP) descriptor considers the relationship between a given pixel and its surrounding neighbours. Therefore, DBC captures more spatial information than LBP and its variants, also it can extract more edge information than LBP. Hence, we employ DBC technique in order to extract grey level texture features (texture map) from each RGB channels individually and computed texture maps are further combined which represents colour texture features (colour texture map) of an image. Then, we decomposed the extracted colour texture map and original image using Haar wavelet transform. Finally, we encode the shape and local features of wavelet transformed images using Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) for content based image retrieval. The performance of proposed method is compared with existing methods on two databases such as Wang's corel image and Caltech 256. The evaluation results show that our approach outperforms the existing methods for image retrieval.
Poly(Ethylene Oxide)-based Electrolyte for Solid-State-Lithium-Batteries with High Voltage Positive Electrodes: Evaluating the Role of Electrolyte Oxidation in Rapid Cell Failure (2020)

Polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) typically reveal a sudden failure in Li metal cells particularly with high energy density/voltage positive electrodes, e.g. LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC622), which is visible in an arbitrary, time - and voltage independent, "voltage noise" during charge. A relation with SPE oxidation was evaluated, for validity reasons on different active materials in potentiodynamic and galvanostatic experiments. The results indicate an exponential current increase and a potential plateau at 4.6 V vs. Li|Li<sup>+</sup>, respectively, demonstrating that the main oxidation onset of the SPE is above the used working potential of NMC622 being < 4.3 V vs. Li|Li<sup>+</sup>. Obviously, the SPE│NMC622 interface is unlikely to be the primary source of the observed sudden failure indicated by the "voltage noise". Instead, our experiments indicate that the Li | SPE interface, and in particular, Li dendrite formation and penetration through the SPE membrane is the main source. This could be simply proven by increasing the SPE membrane thickness or by exchanging the Li metal negative electrode by graphite, which both revealed "voltage noise"-free operation. The effect of membrane thickness is also valid with LiFePO<sub>4</sub> electrodes. In summary, it is the cell set-up (PEO thickness, negative electrode), which is crucial for the voltage-noise associated failure, and counterintuitively not a high potential of the positive electrode.
The Generation of Waves by a Landslide: Skagway, Alaska—A Case Study (1997)

The response of Skagway Harbor to wave events after a landslide is reported. A harbor response model is developed for the moored-floating docks response to incident waves and the parting of the mooring chains observed at Skagway. An impulsive wave generated by a simple motion of a section of the coast induced groups of complex waves composed of a wide range of frequencies. The frequency content of the transient waves generated by the boundary motion is dependent on location. Different forms of boundary motion generates similar spectral energy distributions at the same location in the harbor. The damage to the floating ferry dock observed at Skagway occurred due to the combined effect of mooring dynamics and the frequency content of the waves.
Supervised Machine Learning Techniques to the Prediction of Tunnel Boring Machine Penetration Rate (2019)

Predicting the penetration rate is a complex and challenging task due to the interaction between the tunnel boring machine (TBM) and the rock mass. Many studies highlight the use of empirical and theoretical techniques in predicting TBM performance. However, reliable performance prediction of TBM is of crucial importance to mining and civil projects as it can minimize the risks associated with capital costs. This study presents new applications of supervised machine learning techniques, i.e., k-nearest neighbor (KNN), chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID), support vector machine (SVM), classification and regression trees (CART) and neural network (NN) in predicting the penetration rate (PR) of a TBM. To achieve this aim, an experimental database was set up, based on field observations and laboratory tests for a tunneling project in Malaysia. In the database, uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, rock quality designation, weathering zone, thrust force, and revolution per minute were utilized as inputs to predict PR of TBM. Then, KNN, CHAID, SVM, CART, and NN predictive models were developed to select the best one. A simple ranking technique, as well as some performance indices, were calculated for each developed model. According to the obtained results, KNN received the highest-ranking value among all five predictive models and was selected as the best predictive model of this study. It can be concluded that KNN is able to provide high-performance capacity in predicting TBM PR. KNN model identified uniaxial compressive strength (0.2) as the most important and revolution per minutes (0.14) as the least important factor for predicting the TBM penetration rate.
Cross-language phrase boundary detection (2013)

We describe models of prosodic phrasing trained on multiple languages to identify boundaries in an unseen language. Our goal is to create models from High Resource languages, in which hand-annotated prosodic phrase boundaries are available, to use in identifying boundaries in a Low Resource language, with little or no training material. We train models on American English, Italian, Mandarin, and German and test on each of these languages. We find that, while pause is the most important feature for phrase boundary prediction in all languages examined, the role of pause in boundary identification varies by annotator and the relative importance of other features varies significantly by language. We also find that different acoustic correlates of prosodic boundaries characterize different languages. In some, the relative importance of features is silence > pitch > intensity > duration, while for other languages intensity is more important than pitch. These differences do not appear to be attributable to language family, since, e.g. English and German display different patterns.
Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid Therapy of Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema (1972)

Five patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema were treated with a sequence of courses of epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) or placebo in a double-blind study. Attacks of edema were significantly less frequent during administration of EACA in four patients. The principal adverse side effects of EACA – muscle pain and weakness, accompanied by elevations in the serum enzymes creatine phosphokinase and aldolase – were usually observed when the dose of drug exceeded 20 g per day, but disappeared when the drug was discontinued or the dosage was lowered.
High performance 60-GHz dielectric rod antenna with dual circular polarization (2013)

&lt;p&gt;In this paper, the design of a high performance dielectric rod antenna is described and validated through measurements. The manufactured 60-GHz dielectric rod antenna has the predicted gain of around 15 dBi and supports dual circular polarization. The lateral dimension of the rod antenna is very small in comparison to its counterparts. The measured port-to-port isolation larger than 20 dB is obtained for the bandwidth of 1.1 GHz. The measured axial ratio (AR) in the bandwidth of interest is below 0.5 dB. It will be shown that the very wideband return loss is due to the quadrature hybrid coupler.&lt;/p&gt;
Influence of restricted mode excitation on bandwidth of multimode fiber links (1998)

It is shown that multimode optical fiber links that use laser-based transmitters may be limited in bandwidth to values less than half those of the over-filled launch bandwidth. A solution to this problem, based on an offset launch, is therefore proposed, which increases the bandwidth to more than the overfilled launch.
Time-resolved soft x-ray spectra from laser-produced Cu plasma (2012)

The volumetric heating of a thin copper target has been studied with time resolved x-ray spectroscopy. The copper target was heated by a plasma produced using the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Compact Multipulse Terawatt (COMET) laser. A variable spaced grating spectrometer coupled to an x-ray streak camera measured soft x-ray emission (800-1550 eV) from the back of the copper target to characterize the bulk heating of the target. Radiation hydrodynamic simulations were modeled in two-dimensions using the HYDRA code. The target conditions calculated by HYDRA were post-processed with the atomic kinetics code CRETIN to generate synthetic emission spectra. A comparison between the experimental and simulated spectra indicates the presence of specific ionization states of copper and the corresponding electron temperatures and ion densities throughout the laser-heated copper target.
The Nitro and Amino Derivatives of t-Butylbenzene (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Nitro and Amino Derivatives of t-ButylbenzeneDavid CraigCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 1, 195–198Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01304a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01304a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views565Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Correlation between major histocompatibility complex class I molecules and CD8 + T lymphocytes in prostate, and quantification of CD8 and interferon‐γ mRNA in prostate tissue specimens (2002)

Down-regulation of MHC class I expression by prostate cancer cells is associated with fewer CD8+ T lymphocytes and hence might be important in cancer growth. In addition, the measurement of gene expression in small tissue samples might be useful for monitoring the efficacy of treatment throughout cancer therapy.
Diversity and evolution of 11 innate immune genes in Bos taurus taurus and Bos taurus indicus cattle (2009)

The Toll-like receptor (TLR) and peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) genes play key roles in the innate immune systems of mammals. While the TLRs recognize a variety of invading pathogens and induce innate immune responses, PGLYRP1 is directly microbicidal. We used custom allele-specific assays to genotype and validate 220 diallelic variants, including 54 nonsynonymous SNPs in 11 bovine innate immune genes (TLR1-TLR10, PGLYRP1) for 37 cattle breeds. Bayesian haplotype reconstructions and median joining networks revealed haplotype sharing between Bos taurus taurus and Bos taurus indicus breeds at every locus, and we were unable to differentiate between the specialized B. t. taurus beef and dairy breeds, despite an average polymorphism density of one locus per 219 bp. Ninety-nine tagSNPs and one tag insertion-deletion polymorphism were sufficient to predict 100% of the variation at all 11 innate immune loci in both subspecies and their hybrids, whereas 58 tagSNPs captured 100% of the variation at 172 loci in B. t. taurus. PolyPhen and SIFT analyses of nonsynonymous SNPs encoding amino acid replacements indicated that the majority of these substitutions were benign, but up to 31% were expected to potentially impact protein function. Several diversity-based tests provided support for strong purifying selection acting on TLR10 in B. t. taurus cattle. These results will broadly impact efforts related to bovine translational genomics.
Book Reviews (1983)

DEVELOPMENT IN CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS-1. Edited by D. C. Bassett. Applied Science Publishers. London, New Jersey, 1982. (279 pages, US $64). Review of Chapter 5 by A. J. Lovinger (pages 195-273)
ChemInform Abstract: From Penicillin to Penem and Carbapenem. Part 1. Racemization of 6,6‐Dibromo Secopenicillin, and Synthesis of 2‐Oxo Penam Derivative. (1982)

Abstract Aus ö‐Aminopenicillan‐ Säure (I) wird die Dibrompenicillansäure (II) hergestellt, die stereospezifisch in die in der Seitenketten R‐konfiguierte Verbindung (V) übergeführt wird.
Concluding Remarks (2020)

The greatest of all United Nations entities, the World Health Organization (WHO), which views disease and health with a global perspective, has somehow misplaced amebiasis. WHO has such a myriad of other infectious diseases units (both intramural and extramural) including communicable diseases, parasitic diseases, malaria, and the Programme for Vaccine Development that amebiasis becomes a paradigm of the expression “to fall between the cracks”. Invasive amebiasis is a major problem in many parts of the world including West and Southeast Africa, Southeast Asia, Western South America, and Mexico. Mexican scientists have made major contributions in every aspect of amebiasis including parasitology, epidemiology, pathology, clinical medicine, treatment, and control. They are in the forefront on the most modern areas of science including cell biology, molecular biology, immunology, and biochemistry.
Physicochemical Transformations of Silver Nanoparticles in the Oro-Gastrointestinal Tract Mildly Affect Their Toxicity to Intestinal Cells In Vitro: An AOP-Oriented Testing Approach (2023)

The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in food and consumer products suggests the relevance of human oral exposure to these nanomaterials (NMs) and raises the possibility of adverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of Ag NPs in a human intestinal cell line, either uncoated or coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (Ag PVP) or hydroxyethylcellulose (Ag HEC) and digested in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Physicochemical transformations of Ag NPs during the different stages of <i>in vitro</i> digestion were identified prior to toxicity assessment. The strategy for evaluating toxicity was constructed on the basis of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) showing Ag NPs as stressors. It consisted of assessing Ag NP cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, perturbation of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Ag NPs caused a concentration-dependent loss of cell viability and increased the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species as well as DNA damage and perturbation of the cell cycle. <i>In vitro</i> digestion of Ag NPs did not significantly modulate their toxicological impact, except for their genotoxicity. Taken together, these results indicate the potential toxicity of ingested Ag NPs, which varied depending on their coating but did not differ from that of non-digested NPs.
Macrophages and Microglia in Central Nervous System Injury: Are They Helpful or Harmful? (2003)

Inflammation has been widely perceived as participating in the etiology of acute and chronic neurodegenerative conditions. Accordingly, in the context of traumatic injuries or chronic neurodegenerative diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), activated microglia have been viewed as detrimental and attempts have been made to treat both conditions by antiinflammatory therapy. Recent studies have suggested that microglia act as stand- by cells in the service of both the immune and the nervous systems. In the healthy CNS these cells are quiescent, but in the event of injury to axons or cell bodies they exercise their neural function by buffering harmful self-compounds and clearing debris from the damaged site, and their immune function by providing immune-related requirements for recovery. Proper regulation of the inflammatory (autoimmune) response to injury will arrest degeneration and promote regrowth, whereas inappropriate regulation will lead to ongoing degeneration. Regulation is achieved by the operation of a T cell-mediated response directed to abundant self-antigens residing in the damaged site. Since this immune-dependent mechanism was found to protect against glutamate toxicity (a major factor in neurodegenerative disorders), boosting of this response might constitute the basis for development of a therapeutic vaccination against neurodegenerative diseases, all of which exhibit similar pathways and patterns of progression.
A neural piecewise linear classifier for pattern classification (2002)

A neural piecewise linear classifier, based on the Kohonen learning vector quantization (LVQ2) and the Kohonen self-organizing feature map is proposed. The classifier has two stages and a feedback loop. In the first stage, the Kohonen self-organizing feature map network is used to find the approximate position of the prototype vectors for each class. In the second stage, the Kohonen LVQ2 supervised learning algorithm is used to fine-tune the position of the approximate prototype vectors. The accuracy of the classifier is improved by adding an adaptive feedback scheme. Depending on the intrinsic complexity of the class distribution and overall partitioning of the space, the neural classifier automatically increases the number of neurons, improving the error performance. The classifier was tested on a set of high-dimensional real data obtained from ship images. The performance is compared with a piecewise linear tree classifier and a neural classifier.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ultra- Thin Conformal Pore-Sealing of Low-k Materials by Plasma-Assisted ALD (2007)

We have developed a plasma activated atomic layer deposition (PA-ALD) process to produce a few-nm-thick conformal SiO2 cap layer that seals the pores of patterned and unpatterned self-assembled mesoporous low-k dielectric films for integrated circuit fabrication. Tetraethoxysilicate plus O2 and hexamethyldisilazane plus O2 were used as the ALD precursors. In both cases, the plasma was formed in Ar and O2 during the O2 exposure step. By choosing the plasma conditions appropriately, we were able to ensure that unlike conventional ALD, the SiO2 deposition did not occur in the pores. We found that the PA-ALD process did not change the dielectric constant of the mesoporous film. Additionally, we found that for a 1.6 nm thick film, the N2 permeance of the capped film was reduced by a factor of 1600 compared to the uncapped film.
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with non-periodic dielectric multilayers (2016)

We present superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SSPDs) on non-periodic dielectric multilayers, which enable us to design a variety of wavelength dependences of optical absorptance by optimizing the dielectric multilayer. By adopting a robust simulation to optimize the dielectric multilayer, we designed three types of SSPDs with target wavelengths of 500 nm, 800 nm, and telecom range respectively. We fabricated SSPDs based on the optimized designs for 500 and 800 nm, and evaluated the system detection efficiency at various wavelengths. The results obtained confirm that the designed SSPDs with non-periodic dielectric multilayers worked well. This versatile device structure can be effective for multidisciplinary applications in fields such as the life sciences and remote sensing that require high efficiency over a precise spectral range and strong signal rejection at other wavelengths.
Supplementary Figure 4 from <i>In Vivo</i> Persistence, Tumor Localization, and Antitumor Activity of CAR-Engineered T Cells Is Enhanced by Costimulatory Signaling through CD137 (4-1BB) (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Persistence, Tumor Localization, and Antitumor Activity of CAR-Engineered T Cells Is Enhanced by Costimulatory Signaling through CD137 (4-1BB)