gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The all-electric Brookhaven electron storage ring (2017)

The electric dipole moment (EDM) challenge measures a non-zero proton EDM value and this book suggests how the challenge can be met. Any measurably large proton EDM would violate the standard model. The method to be employed uses an intense beam of 'frozen spin' protons circulating for hour-long times in a storage ring 'trap'. The smallness of EDMs allows them to test existing theories, but also makes them hard to measure. Such EDM experiments are inexpensive, at least compared to building accelerators of ever-greater energy.
Emergent ERCP in 256 cases with acute cholangitis or gallstone pancreatitis (2008)

致死的状態に至る可能性がある急性胆道炎や急性膵炎に対して診療ガイドラインが作成されている。軽症例が重篤化しない指標はなく，我々は内視鏡治療により改善が期待できる場合は可及的早期に施行している。夜間・休日にも内視鏡室と放射線部に所属する看護師が救急室に勤務するため，緊急内視鏡や経皮経肝的ドレナージ術が施行できる。USやCTは施行できるが，緊急のMRCPは困難であるため施行しない場合がある。2003年1月より2007年12月までの5年間で，急性胆管炎246件（総胆管結石197件，悪性胆道狭窄46件，慢性膵炎3件），胆石性膵炎10件に対して24時間以内にERCPを施行した。総胆管結石によると考えられる207件では，147件で一期的な治療が施行できた。19例では全身状態不良やDIC合併，抗血栓塞栓療法中のため，ドレナージ術のみにとどめた。総胆管結石の検出率はUSで19％，CTで39％，US＋CTで41％であった。胆管の拡張所見を合わせると，USで56％，CTで62％，US＋CTで70％が胆管の異常を指摘され，急性胆管炎の参考所見となっていた。USやCTで胆管の異常が指摘できずにERCPで結石を認めたものは，診療ガイドラインの確診35件と疑診11件であった。入院期間を延長させる合併症は認めず，積極的なERCPは有用であった。
Selective reinnervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid and interarytenoid muscles: An anatomical study (2010)

This study provides new insight into laryngeal anatomy and further data for developing a reliable surgical approach.
Nature and interrelations of fast dynamic properties in a coarse-grained glass-forming polymer melt (2011)

Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that the dynamics of glass-forming liquids on fast picosecond timescales are directly relevant to developing effective formulations for protein drug preservation. In these systems, short-time dynamic properties, including the Debye–Waller factor, non-ergodicity parameter, and the ‘fast beta’ relaxation time, are ‘tuned’ by the addition of antiplasticizer additives, with associated improvements in protein preservation. We employ molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained polymer melt with and without the addition of an antiplasticizer additive to characterize how these fast dynamic properties interrelate and how they are altered by the addition of antiplasticizer additives. We find that the Gaussian approximation for the van Hove correlation function holds to an excellent approximation at short times, facilitating the establishment of precise interrelations between these properties and the characterization of their temperature and composition dependence. Following previous studies, we first fit the fast relaxation process to an empirical ‘stretched Gaussian’ form (exp[−(t/τ)β] with 1 < β < 2) and find that β equals 3/2 over a wide range of temperature for the post-inertial relaxation process. We then consider a more theoretically motivated description of fast beta relaxation inspired by an earlier model for the relaxation of a fractal network of elastic clusters in glass-forming colloids, and we find that this description provides an excellent fit to the entire short time relaxation over a large range of temperatures with physically meaningful parameters. Finally, we show that it is possible to tune the fast beta relaxation process with antiplasticizer additives, resulting in effects that rationally enhance protein preservation in glassy sugar matrices.
Increased Pressure Induces Sustained Protein Kinase C–Independent Herbimycin A–Sensitive Activation of Extracellular Signal–Related Kinase 1/2 in the Rabbit Aorta in Organ Culture (1997)

The 42- and 44-kD mitogen-activated protein kinases, also referred to as extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) 2 and 1, respectively, may be transiently activated by stretching vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Using an organ culture model of rabbit aorta, we studied short- and long-term ERK1/2 activation by intraluminal pressure (150 mm Hg). Activation of ERK1/2 was biphasic: it reached a maximum (217.5 +/- 8.4% of control) 5 minutes after pressurizing and decreased to 120.7 +/- 5.1% of control after 2 hours. Furthermore, after 24 hours of pressurizing, ERK1/2 activity was as high (241.8 +/- 14.7% of control) as in the acute phase. Long-term pressure-induced ERK1/2 activation correlated with stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in the 125- to 140-kD range. Neither protein kinase C inhibitors (1 mumol/L staurosporine or 50 mumol/L bisindolylmaleimide-I) nor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (50 mumol/L tyrphostin A48 or 50 mumol/L genistein) affected pressure-induced ERK1/2 activation. However, the Src-family tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A (500 nmol/L) did reduce both 5-minute (by 92 +/- 8%) and 24-hour (by 63 +/- 7%) pressure-induced ERK1/2 activation. Thus, our results demonstrate a sustained activation of ERK1/2 and tyrosine kinases by intraluminal pressure in the arterial wall. Pressure-induced ERK1/2 activation is PKC independent and Src-family tyrosine kinase dependent and possibly includes activation of extracellular matrix-associated tyrosine kinases.
Correction of the Crooked Nose (2018)

Successful management of the crooked nose can be a formidable task and requires a systematic approach that begins with an understanding of the patients' aesthetic desires, expectations, and functional symptoms. Dividing the nose into thirds and organizing a plan to correct each region individually can simplify the preoperative planning. There are two broad philosophical strategies of surgical management: engineering (reconstructive) and artistic (camouflaging). While the camouflaging technique is helpful for minor asymmetries, protrusions, and depressions, the engineering approach is best for more extreme corrections. The surgeon must be skilled in both approaches as either one or a combination of the two may yield the best results. Once corrected, postoperative care is essential to obtain optimal outcomes.
Transverse Kerker Scattering for \AA{}ngstr\"om Localization of Nanoparticles (2018)

\AA{}ngstr\om precision localization of a single nanoantenna is a crucial step towards advanced nanometrology, medicine and biophysics. Here, we show that single nanoantenna displacements down to few \AA{}ngstr\oms can be resolved with sub-\AA{}ngstr\om precision using an all-optical method. We utilize the tranverse Kerker scattering scheme where a carefully structured light beam excites a combination of multipolar modes inside a dielectric nanoantenna, which then upon interference, scatters directionally into the far-field. We spectrally tune our scheme such that it is most sensitive to the change in directional scattering per nanoantenna displacement. Finally, we experimentally show that antenna displacement down to 3 \AA{} is resolvable with a localization precision of 0.6 \AA{}.
LNA 5′-phosphoramidites for 5′→3′-oligonucleotide synthesis (2010)

Hereby we report an efficient synthesis of LNA thymine and LNA 5-methylcytosine 5'-phosphoramidites, allowing incorporation of LNA thymine and LNA 5-methylcytosine into oligonucleotides synthesized in the 5'→3' direction. Key steps include regioselective enzymatic benzoylation of the 5'-hydroxy group of unprotected LNA thymine, and subsequent 4,4'-dimethoxytritylation of the 3'-hydroxy group of the O5'-benzoylated LNA thymine nucleoside.
Tolerance analysis of interdigitated electrode based biosensor with respect to manufacturing parameters uncertainties (2010)

The finite element modeling is used to investigate the frequency behavior of an Inter-Digitated micro Electrode (IDE) array biosensor with respect to manufacturing tolerances for monitoring and recognition of bacterial cells. In particular, a Vertex Analysis procedure is used in order to assess the impact on the sensitivity of the biosensor of the tolerances affecting the most important geometrical characteristics. The electrostatic model leads to obtain the range of variability of the capacitance of the biosensor with respect to geometrical and physical parameters variations. The biosensor impedance in the frequency range between 1 Hz to 1 MHz is then analyzed through the electroquasistatic approximation of the Maxwell equations. The quantification of the induced variation may provide a reliable detection of pathogen bacteria and an enhanced production yield of the component
A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Effectiveness of Computer-Tailored Physical Activity and Dietary Behavior Promotion Programs: an Update (2012)

The results of the 2006 review were confirmed and reinforced. Future interventions should focus on establishing larger effect sizes and sustained effects and include more generic health education control groups and objective measurements of dietary behavior.
The intensely sweet sesquiterpene hernandulcin: isolation, synthesis, characterization, and preliminary safety evaluation (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe intensely sweet sesquiterpene hernandulcin: isolation, synthesis, characterization, and preliminary safety evaluationCesar M. Compadre, Raouf A. Hussain, R. Lilia Lopez de Compadre, John M. Pezzuto, and A. Douglas KinghornCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1987, 35, 2, 273–279Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00074a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00074a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views342Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microarray-based comparative genomic profiling of reference strains and selected Canadian field isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (2009)

Although A. pleuropneumoniae strains are essentially clonal, M-CGH analysis of the reference strains of the fifteen serovars and representative field isolates revealed several classes of genes that were divergent or absent. Not surprisingly, these included genes associated with capsule biosynthesis as the capsule is associated with sero-specificity. Several of the conserved genes were identified as candidates for vaccine development, and we conclude that M-CGH is a valuable tool for reverse vaccinology.
The Time Has Come to Standardize Dental Implant Education (2019)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation James L. Rutkowski; The Time Has Come to Standardize Dental Implant Education. J Oral Implantol 27 December 2019; 45 (6): 425. doi: https://doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-D-19-Editorial.4506 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest Search
Stable mode-locked operation up to 80 /spl deg/C from an InGaAs quantum-dot laser (2006)

We demonstrate the mode-locked operation of a two-section quantum-dot laser in a broad temperature range. Stable mode-locking was observed at temperatures ranging from 20 /spl deg/C to 70 /spl deg/C, with signal-to-noise ratios well over 20 dB and a -3-dB linewidth smaller than 80 kHz. In the temperature range between 70 /spl deg/C and 80 /spl deg/C, the mode-locking was less stable. It was found that in order to provide stable mode-locked operation with increasing temperature, the reverse bias on the absorber section must be reduced accordingly.
Therapeutic Vaccination of Active Arthritis with a Glycosylated Collagen Type II Peptide in Complex with MHC Class II Molecules (2006)

In both collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and rheumatoid arthritis, T cells recognize a galactosylated peptide from type II collagen (CII). In this study, we demonstrate that the CII259-273 peptide, galactosylated at lysine 264, in complex with Aq molecules prevented development of CIA in mice and ameliorated chronic relapsing disease. In contrast, nonglycosylated CII259-273/Aq complexes had no such effect. CIA dependent on other MHC class II molecules (Ar/Er) was also down-regulated, indicating a bystander vaccination effect. T cells could transfer the amelioration of CIA, showing that the protection is an active process. Thus, a complex between MHC class II molecules and a posttranslationally modified peptide offers a new possibility for treatment of chronically active autoimmune inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Present Status of Products Available for Use Against Transmissible Gastroenteritis (1972)

SUMMARY Three transmissible gastroenteritis ( tge ) vaccines were tested, an inactivated virus vaccine for intramuscular ( i.m. ) use, a modified live-virus vaccine for i.m. use, and an inactivated virus vaccine for intramammary use. All 3 vaccines were considered satisfactory for safety, but only the modified live-virus vaccine for i.m. use was considered sufficiently efficacious to warrant licensing. In the experiment to evaluate the currently licensed modified live-virus tge vaccine for i.m. use, there were 26 sows used. Ten were vaccinated twice according to label directions, 6 were given virulent tge virus orally, and 10 were not given vaccine or virus. At 72 hours postpartum, all but 5 pigs were removed from each sow. Each of the 5 nursing pigs was then given 100 median pig lethal doses ( pld 50 ) of virulent tge virus, by oral administration. Criteria for evaluating results were based on pig morbidity, survival rate, and weight gains at 6 weeks of age. The morbidity rates were 100% for pigs nursing sows vaccinated with the experimental vaccine and for pigs nursing nonimmune control sows, whereas the morbidity rate was 14% for pigs nursing sows exposed to virulent tge virus. The survival rate was 62% for pigs nursing sows given the experimental vaccine and 28.9% for the pigs nursing the nonimmune control sows. The survival rate of pigs nursing sows exposed to the virulent virus was 100%. The average weight gain per pig at 6 weeks of age for pigs nursing sows given the experimental vaccine was 17.16 lb. (7.8 kg.), 14.9 lb. (6.8 kg.) for the pigs nursing nonimmune control sows, and 19.8 lb. (9 kg.) for pigs nursing sows given virulent tge virus.
Average and randomized communication complexity (1990)

The communication complexity of a two-variable function f(x,y) is the number of information bits two communicators need to exchange to compute f when, initially, each knows only one of the variables. There are several communication-complexity measures corresponding to whether (1) the worst case or average number of bits is considered, (2) computation errors are allowed and (3) randomization is allowed. Tight bounds are provided for the typical behavior of all bounded-error communication-complexity measures of Boolean functions. In the present work, the authors formally define the deterministic model. They describe randomized protocols and compare them to deterministic ones. They both survey previous work and describe original results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Property of Fluctuations of Sales Quantities by Product Category in Convenience Stores (2016)

The ability to ascertain the extent of product sale fluctuations for each store and locality is indispensable to inventory management. This study analyzed POS data from 158 convenience stores in Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan and found a power scaling law between the mean and standard deviation of product sales quantities for several product categories. For the statistical domains of low sales quantities, the power index was 1/2; for large sales quantities, the power index was 1, so called Taylor's law holds. The value of sales quantities with changing power indixes differed according to product category. We derived a Poissonian compound distribution model taking into account fluctuations in customer numbers to show that the scaling law could be explained theoretically for most of items. We also examined why the scaling law did not hold in some exceptional cases.
Medical Acute Complications of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young Adults (2015)

Background. Frequency and impact of medical complications on short-term mortality in young patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have gone unstudied. Methods. We reviewed data of all first-ever nontraumatic ICH patients between 16 and 49 years of age treated in our hospital between January 2000 and March 2010 to identify medical complications suffered. Logistic regression adjusted for known ICH prognosticators was used to identify medical complications associated with mortality. Results. Among the 325 eligible patients (59% males, median age 42 [interquartile range 34-47] years), infections were discovered in 90 (28%), venous thrombotic events in 13 (4%), cardiac complications in 4 (1%), renal failure in 59 (18%), hypoglycemia in 15 (5%), hyperglycemia in 165 (51%), hyponatremia in 146 (45%), hypernatremia in 91 (28%), hypopotassemia in 104 (32%), and hyperpotassemia in 27 (8%). Adjusted for known ICH prognosticators and diabetes, the only independent complication associated with 3-month mortality was hyperglycemia (plasma glucose >8.0 mmol/L) (odds ratio: 5.90, 95% confidence interval: 2.25-15.48, P < 0.001). Three or more separate complications suffered also associated with increased mortality (7.76, 1.42-42.49, P = 0.018). Conclusions. Hyperglycemia is a frequent complication of ICH in young adults and is independently associated with increased mortality. However, multiple separate complications increase mortality even further.
WDM Passive Optical Network with Parallel Signal Detection for Video and Data Delivery (2007)

We demonstrate a novel WDM passive optical network (WDM-PON), which delivers data as well as video services to the end users through the employment of subcarrier modulation at the optical line terminal (OLT) and parallel signal detection (PSD) at the optical network unit (ONU). Experimental results show that the proposed WDM-PON is capable of providing triple play services in the access network.
Genome assembly from sequence reads (2016)

Assembling genomes can be roughly described as finding Eulerian tours in de Bruijn graphs. We present the theory behind (de Bruijn) graph data structures and describe some of the implementations.
A directed graph G(V,E) can be represented as a set of its edges in the form of ordered pairs vi → vj ∈ E. De Bruijn graphs are defined in a way that allows all possible neighbors of a node to be calculated from the given node’s label, which means that, given the adjacency set, we can navigate the graph by testing set membership. The edge set can be stored as a dictionary.
The dictionary can be either a deterministic data structure, like a tree or an FM-index, or a probabilistic data structure, like a Bloom filter.
In this thesis we present kBWT, a new space efficient deterministic data structure for storing a de Bruijn graph, which uses near-optimal n · σ + o(n) bits of memory, where n is the number of k-grams in the graph and σ is the size of the alphabet. It can retrieve neighborhood information for a given node in Θ(σ · k) time. We also compare it to an existing data structure found in the GATB framework, which is based on Bloom filters and therefore probabilistic. Benchmarks of the deterministic kBWT show it is slower in practice, compared to GATB’s data structure. 
Testing showed kBWT had better cache efficiency, which did not make up for the number of processor cycles used for executing the algorithm.
Technology '89: solid state (1989)

Developments in solid-state technology during 1988 are discussed. The pace was set by memory integrated circuits, with the proliferation of flash E/sup 2/PROMs (electrically erasable programmable read-only memories) and the announcement of prototype 16 Mb dynamic RAMs (random-access memories). Analog integrated circuitry continued its mild renaissance, as methods of combining analog and digital devices on the same chip where further explored and refined. Chip makers continued to find paths around roadblocks to high integration, breaching the 1- mu m barrier. On the business front, the semiconductor market was more profitable than it has been in some time, and there were a number of significant mergers, and international competition continued to be tense.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Brief communication: A double-Gaussian wake model (2020)

Abstract. In this paper, an analytical wake model with a double-Gaussian velocity distribution is presented, improving on a similar formulation by Keane et al. (2016). The choice of a double-Gaussian shape function is motivated by the behavior of the near-wake region that is observed in numerical simulations and experimental measurements. The method is based on the conservation of momentum principle, while stream-tube theory is used to determine the wake expansion at the tube outlet. The model is calibrated and validated using large eddy simulations replicating scaled wind turbine experiments. Results show that the tuned double-Gaussian model is superior to a single-Gaussian formulation in the near-wake region.
Synergy Effect of Vapor-Grown Carbon Nanofiber and Molybdenum Disulfide Additives on Urea-Based Grease Thermal and Lubrication Properties (2008)

Measurements of both thermal and lubrication properties of urea-based grease composites were conducted with and without additives of vapor grown carbon nanofiber (VGCNF) and solid lubricant molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). As a result, a synergetic effect was found to greatly improve both the wear resistance and thermal properties of the urea grease composite with VGCNF and MoS2.
General considerations of noise in microphone preamplifiers (1990)

In this paper a study of the noise performance of electret microphone systems as a part of hearing aids is presented. The signal-to-noise ratio of the microphone-preamplifier combination, containing a field-effect transistor (FET) and a high value resistive bias element in a hybrid configuration, is mainly determined by the noise generated in the preamplifier circuit.

A theoretical analysis of the noise sources in a source follower is given. The dominating noise sources are the channel noise of the FET, the thermal noise of the gate bias element, and finally the noise due to the gate leakage current of the FET and its package. It is shown that for the systems investigated, the noise performance does not depend on the choice of the amplifying device (JFET or MOSFET) itself, but only on its packages. Besides this, it is found that it is necessary to keep the parasitic capacitances as small as possible and to make the resistance of the bias element as large as possible.