gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remote profiling of resource constraints of web servers using mini-flash crowds (2008)

Unexpected surges in Web request traffic can exercise server-side resources (e.g., access bandwidth, processing, storage etc.) in undesirable ways. Administrators today do not have requisite tools to understand the impact of such “flash crowds ” on their servers. Most Web servers either rely on over-provisioning and admission control, or use potentially expensive solutions like CDNs, to ensure high availability in the face of flash crowds. A more fine-grained understanding of the performance of individual server resources under emulated but realistic and controlled flash crowd-like conditions can aid administrators to make more efficient resource management decisions. In this paper, we present miniflash crowds (MFC) – a light-weight profiling service that reveals resource bottlenecks in a Web server infrastructure. MFC uses a set of controlled probes where an increasing number of distributed clients make synchronized requests that exercise specific resources or portions of a remote Web server. We carried out controlled labbased tests and experiments in collaboration with operators of production servers. We show that our approach can faithfully track the impact of request loads on different server resources and provide useful insights to server operators on the constraints of different components of their infrastructure. We also present results from a measurement study of the provisioning of several hundred popular Web servers, a few hundred Web servers of startup companies, and about hundred phishing servers. 1
DISIS—Discrete Scintillation Imager Simulator (2006)

To foresee the response of a discrete scintillation imager, operating in single-photon modality, a computer simulation code has been developed and tested. The simulator, whose acronym is DISIS, may be used for designing and/or evaluating devices based on scintillation arrays coupled to a position sensitive light sensors by light guides. The simulator can be classified as a deterministic code because it is based on: (i) an analytical model describing the scintillation light distribution for charge integrals calculation, (ii) an algorithm using charge values for event centroiding and (iii) a Gaussian model for spreading the events on the image according to the inherent imager resolution. Particularly, DISIS allows one to study the influence of each setup parameter on the device spatial response. The imager optimization can be achieved by improving the pixel identification. To this aim the best trade-off has to be found between: (a) the light distribution at photocathode, (b) the light sampling capability over the photocathode area and (c) the centroiding algorithm
Upsampling And Denoising Of Depth Maps Via Joint-Segmentation (2012)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Bucharest, Romania, 2012
Operation of a VBL memory read/write gate (1986)

A read/write gate for a VBL memory, a dual-conductor major line and an interface circuit between the read/write gate and the major line were designed and fabricated on an as-grown garnet wafer supporting 5 µm bubbles. For the "write" operation, the operating margin of the expanding current is between 23 and 48 mA, with 500 to 700 nsec pulse width. For the "read" operation, the operating margin of the expanding current is between 8 and 12 mA, with a 1.5 to 2 µsec pulse width. This gate allowed the stripes to be packed 2 stripe widths apart which makes the maximum storage density in this direction possible.
Electron Emission Tip at Extremely Low Bias Voltage (2006)

We report the invention of a modification technique of tungsten tip, which results modified tip apex capable of emitting electrons at extremely low bias voltage. Field-ion microscope induces the structural switching of the oxidized apex at room temperature, which is frozen out at low temperature. Thus modified tips exhibit an extraordinary decrease in applied bias needed for electron emission (typically from -300 to -3.8 V). Electron emission shows good angular confinement with an opening angle of less than 2°. Such special tip is repeatedly reproducible and stable for several hours at low temperature.
Use of Dark-Field and Fluorescence Microscopy to Examine Extracellular Hyaline Accumulation in the Mouse (1988)

Small foci of diethylstilbestrol-induced extracellular hyaline material were visualized within the mouse uterus utilizing dark-field and fluorescence microscopy following conventional hematoxylin and eosin staining. Hyaline was observed throughout the connective tissue stroma as well as between smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. The use of these techniques permits the rapid examination of small aggregates of hyaline material which are not visible with conventional hematoxylin and eosin staining and eliminates the need for time-consuming and complicated histochemical techniques. The procedures are simple and may also facilitate the quantitative (morphometric) analysis of this material.
Host factors influencing susceptibility to HIV infection and AIDS progression (2007)

Transmission of HIV first results in an acute infection, followed by an apparently asymptomatic period that averages ten years. In the absence of antiretroviral treatment, most patients progress into a generalized immune dysfunction that culminates in death. The length of the asymptomatic period varies, and in rare cases infected individuals never progress to AIDS. Other individuals whose behavioral traits put them at high-risk of HIV transmission, surprisingly appear resistant and never succumb to infection. These unique cases highlight the fact that susceptibility to HIV infection and progression to disease are complex traits modulated by environmental and genetic factors. Recent evidence has indicated that natural variations in host genes can influence the outcome of HIV infection and its transmission. In this review we summarize the available literature on the roles of cellular factors and their genetic variation in modulating HIV infection and disease progression.
Thru-Wafer Interconnect for SOI-MEMS 3D Wafer-Level Hermetic Packaging (2007)

This research reports a packaging approach for SOI-MEMS devices using through-wafer vias and anodic bonding technologies. Through-wafer vias are embedded inside the SOI wafers, and are realized using laser drilling and electroplating. These vias provide electrical signal paths to MEMS device, whereas isolate MEMS devices from outer environment. A high-strength hermetic sealing is then achieved after anodic bonding of this through-wafer vias embedded SOI wafer to a Pyrex 7740 glass. Moreover, the packaged SOI-MEMS chip is compatible with the surface mount technology, and performs a superior way for 3D heterogeneous integration.
Frequency tuning and high-efficiency extraction of second-harmonic radiation from a prism dispersion resonator of a neodymium laser (1972)

A method for the generation of the second harmonic of the neodymium laser radiation inside a resonator was developed and investigated. This method was characterized by high efficiency of extraction of the second-harmonic radiation from the resonator. The principal element was a dispersion prism which provided directional decoupling of the fundamental-frequency and the second-harmonic beams. This made it possible to extract the second-harmonic beam bypassing the mirror. The fundamental frequency could be tuned easily within the limits of the Nd3+ luminescence band and this resulted in automatic tuning of the second-harmonic frequency. The polarizations of the fundamental frequency and the second harmonic were matched by introducing a crystalline quartz plate into the dispersion resonator. The efficiency of conversion of the energy corresponding to the fundamental frequency into the second harmonic amounted to ~40%. Ways for increasing this conversion coefficient and for using the suggested method in the generation of higher harmonics of solid lasers were considered.
When Distributed Computation is Communication Expensive (2013)

We consider a number of fundamental statistical and graph problems in the message-passing model, where we have $k$ machines (sites), each holding a piece of data, and the machines want to jointly solve a problem defined on the union of the $k$ data sets. The communication is point-to-point, and the goal is to minimize the total communication among the $k$ machines. This model captures all point-to-point distributed computational models with respect to minimizing communication costs. Our analysis shows that exact computation of many statistical and graph problems in this distributed setting requires a prohibitively large amount of communication, and often one cannot improve upon the communication of the simple protocol in which all machines send their data to a centralized server. Thus, in order to obtain protocols that are communication-efficient, one has to allow approximation, or investigate the distribution or layout of the data sets.
A Thermomechanical Approach to Tire Power Loss Modeling (1981)

Abstract The increasing emphasis on improving fuel economy has created a need for a good analytical model for predicting tire power loss. Some of the existing tire power loss models are first reviewed and deficiencies noted, principal among these being the constitutive theory used to characterize tire materials, the model for the tire‐pavement interaction, the model to account for the changing thermal state of the tire, and the model representing the interaction between the thermal and the mechanical states of the tire. The characteristics of an ideal power loss model are then outlined, its conceptual basis is presented, and the specific tasks needed to develop it and eliminate the previously listed deficiencies are discussed. Required experimental inputs to the model are enumerated. Finally, preliminary results are presented which demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
The mortality risk of pensions – methods of control and policy implications for the UK (2006)

Purpose Bodies with responsibilities for paying pensions to individuals face a mortality risk in that the pensioners may prove longer lived than expected. The significant scale and uncertainity of this risk is becoming increasingly clear. Various measures are available to control this risk and new innovations such as mortality linked bonds and derivatives have been proposed. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the alternative methods of controlling morality risk and discuss their potential policy implications. Design/methodology/approach The paper considers the various parties affected by mortaling risk and assesses the difficulties of predicting mortality. Different methods of predicting mortality are discussed. Policy issues are considered and conclusions presented. Findings There is a huge demand for methods of hedging and trading mortality risk. Financial markets are responding to this with a number of insurers moving into the bulk annuity market. New products, such as survivor bands and mortality derivatives, are just appearing in the market, it is still to be seen whether this major financial problem will be best be solved by the financial markets or by government intervention. Originality/value The paper offers an evaluation of the alternative methods of controlling mortality risk together with the potential policy implications.
Smart design piezoelectric energy harvester with self-tuning (2017)

Piezoelectric energy harvesting on a gas turbine implies constraints like high temperature tolerance, size limitation and a particular range of vibrations to utilise. In order to be able to operate under these conditions a harvester needs to be space effective and efficient and to respond to the appropriate range of frequencies. We present the design, simulation and measurements for a clamped-clamped coupled piezoelectric harvester with a free-sliding weight, which adds self-Tuning for improved response within the range of vibrations from the gas turbine. We show a peak open circuit voltage of 11.7 V and a 3 dB bandwidth of 12 Hz.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Mediator and RNA polymerase II clusters associate in transcription-dependent condensates. (2018)

Models of gene control have emerged from genetic and biochemical studies, with limited consideration of the spatial organization and dynamics of key components in living cells. Here we used live cell super-resolution and light sheet imaging to study the organization and dynamics of the Mediator coactivator and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) directly. Mediator and Pol II each form small transient and large stable clusters in living embryonic stem cells. Mediator and Pol II are colocalized in the stable clusters, which associate with chromatin, have properties of phaseseparated condensates and are sensitive to transcriptional inhibitors. We suggest that large clusters of Mediator, recruited by transcription factors at large or clustered enhancer elements, interact with large Pol II clusters in transcriptional condensates in vivo.
Use and misuse of population attributable fractions. (1998)

Use and misuse of population attributable fractions. B Rockhill, B Newman, and C WeinbergCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.88.1.15 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Multi-arm Star Polyisobutylenes. V. Characterization of Multi-arm Polyisobutylene Stars by Viscometry, Pour Points, Electron Microscopy, and Ultrasonic Shear Degradation (1997)

Abstract Structure/property relationship of multi-arm star polyisobutylenes [∗-(PIB) n s] were characterized by a variety of techniques, including vis-cometry, pour points, electron microscopy, and ultrasonic degradation. The intrinsic viscosity of ∗-(PIB) n s changes very little with temperature in the 30 to 100°C range, whereas that of linear PIBs of the same molecular weight increases strongly with temperature. Kinematic viscosity measurements of select ∗-(PIB) n s gave viscosity indices in excess of 130. The viscosity of ∗-(PIB) n s is mainly determined by the molecular weight of the arms and much less by the number of arms or overall molecular weights. Electron microscopy of ∗-(PIB) n s indicates a compact spherical morphology, a conclusion that was substantiated by radius of gyration measurements. Pour points of ∗-(PIB) n s are −27°C. Ultrasonic studies gave insight into the mechanism of shear degradation of ∗-(PIB) n s. These characteristics render ∗-(PIB) n s of interest as rheology control additives for motor oils.
The Role of Correlation in Quantum and Classical Games (2012)

We use the example of playing a 2-player game with entangled quantum objects to investigate the effect of quantum correlation. We find that for simple game scenarios it is classical correlation that is the central feature and that these simple quantum games are not sensitive to the quantum part of the correlation. In these games played with quantum objects it is possible to transform a game such as Prisoner's Dilemma into the game of Chicken. We show that this behaviour, and the associated enhanced equilibrium payoff over playing the game with quantum objects in non-entangled states, is entirely due to the classical part of the correlation. Generalizing these games to the pure strategy 2-player quantum game where the players have finite strategy sets and a projective joint measurement is made on the output state produced by the players, we show that a given quantum game of this form can always be reproduced by a classical model, such as a communication channel. Where entanglement is a feature of the these 2-player quantum games the matrix of expected outcomes for the players can be reproduced by a classical channel with correlated noise.
Carrageenans as heat stabilisers of white wine (2019)

Background and Aims Carrageenan addition has been previously shown to remove proteins from wine and to heat stabilise wines, however, many types of carrageenans are now available with potentially different protein-adsorbing properties. This study investigated a range of commercially available carrageenans added at several stages of winemaking for efficacy of protein removal, heat stability and impact on wine sensory properties. Methods and Results In preliminary screening trials, 11 types of carrageenan were added to a Chardonnay wine and the heat stability of the wine measured with a heat test. Three of the carrageenans successfully heat-stabilised the wine and were included in large-scale winemaking trials: sodium-rich kappa (kN), potassium-rich kappa (kK) and kappa/iota (90:10, ki) carrageenan. Each carrageenan was added at three stages of winemaking, to juice, during fermentation and to wine. All carrageenans produced heat-stable wine regardless of time of addition. Addition of kN during fermentation also improved wine recovery compared to bentonite addition, the positive Control, although sodium concentration also significantly increased in the wine. Addition of kK-carrageenan to either wine or clarified juice was the most effective treatment for producing heat-stable wine with minimal impact on the sensory profile, wine lees, turbidity and concentration of metal ions compared to that of untreated Control wines. Conclusions Kappa- and kappa-/iota-carrageenans can be effective at heat stabilising white wines without negative impact on sensory properties, although the filterability and concentration of metal ions of the wines can vary with carrageenan structure and time of addition. Significance of the Study Kappa-carrageenan, a renewable fining agent, is effective in heat stabilising wines and maybe become a useful alternative to bentonite.
Differentiating Two Nitrosylruthenium Isomeric Complexes by Steady-State and Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopies (2016)

The [Ru(II)-NO<sup>+</sup>] group affects the structure and chemical reactivity of nitrosylruthenium(II) complexes. A characteristic infrared absorption band due to the nitrosyl (NO) stretching motion is shown in the frequency region 1800-1900 cm<sup>-1</sup>. In this work, linear infrared (IR) and nonlinear IR methods, including pump-probe and two-dimensional (2D) IR, were utilized to study the structures and dynamics of two isomeric nitrosylruthenium complexes [Ru(OAc)(2mqn)<sub>2</sub>NO] (H2mqn = 2-methyl-8-quinolinol) in cis and trans isomeric configurations in a weak polar solvent (CDCl<sub>3</sub>). Using the NO stretching mode as a vibrational probe, information about local structural dynamics of the Ru complex as well as solvent fluctuation dynamics was obtained. In particular, a "structured" solvent environment is believed to form in the vicinity of the NO group in the case of the cis isomer with the aid of a neighboring OAc ligand, which is the reason for more efficient vibrational relaxation but more inhomogeneously distributed solvent and thus associated slower spectral diffusion. Our results also suggest a more anharmonic potential surface for the NO stretching mode in the less stable trans isomer.
Multivariate Calibration and Experimental Validation of a 3D Finite Element Thermal Model for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Metal Additive Manufacturing (2018)

Abstract Metal additive manufacturing (AM) typically suffers from high degrees of variability in the properties/performance of the fabricated parts, particularly due to the lack of understanding and control over the physical mechanisms that govern microstructure formation during fabrication. This paper directly addresses an important problem in metal AM: the determination of the thermal history of the deposited material. Any attempts to link process to microstructure in AM would need to consider the thermal history of the material. In situ monitoring only provides partial information and simulations may be necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the thermo-physical conditions to which the deposited material is subjected. We address this in the present work through linking thermal models to experiments via a computationally efficient surrogate modeling approach based on multivariate Gaussian processes (MVGPs). The MVGPs are then used to calibrate the free parameters of the multi-physics models against experiments, sidestepping the use of prohibitively expensive Monte Carlo-based calibration. This framework thus makes it possible to efficiently evaluate the impact of varying process parameter inputs on the characteristics of the melt pool during AM. We demonstrate the framework on the calibration of a thermal model for laser powder bed fusion AM of Ti-6Al-4V against experiments carried out over a wide window in the process parameter space. While this work deals with problems related to AM, its applicability is wider as the proposed framework could potentially be used in many other ICME-based problems where it is essential to link expensive computational materials science models to available experimental data.
Concurrent inversion of bio and geoacoustic parameters from broadband transmission loss measurements in the Santa Barbara Channel (2014)

This paper describes result of an interdisciplinary experiment, BAS II, which included coincident measurements of broadband (0.3–5 kHz) transmission loss (TL), depths and length distributions of fish, geoacoustic parameters, and continuous temperature profiles. The objective: demonstrate the accuracy of bioacoustic parameters of fish inverted from TL data. TL measurements were conducted between a fixed source and a fixed 16 element, receiving array that spanned most of the water column. Trawls revealed that the dominant species were sardines and anchovies. The TL data at night exhibited absorption lines at resonance frequencies associated with 15 and 8 cm long sardines, and 11, 9.5, and 5.5 cm long anchovies at 12 m, in good agreement with coincident trawl and echo sounder measurements. TL data during the day exhibited an absorption line associated with sardine schools. Concurrent inversion of bio and geoacoustic parameters of nighttime data was based on the Genetic Algorithm. The layer of fish was characterized by selectable depth, thickness and attenuation coefficient. Inverted values of biological parameters at 1.1 kHz, the resonance frequency of 11 cm sardines, were in accord with echo sounder and trawl data.
Anomaly Detection on Collective Moving Patterns: A Hidden Markov Model Based Solution (2011)

Trajectories of people provide rich information about the collective behaviors, where the term collective behavior means the behavior of a large number of people as a whole. Abnormal people trajectories that are rarely observed may correspond with some unusual events, for instance, natural disasters, terrorism attacks, or traffic accidents. To detect such abnormal people trajectories, namely outliers, this paper presents a solution based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The motivation to use HMM for outlier detection on people trajectories is that time-varying people distribution can be modeled by using HMM and HMM can provide the probability that a sequence appears. Here, the time-varying people distributions with low probabilities to appear are regarded as outliers. Experiments with an artificial data set simulating collective behaviors and a real-world traffic data set validate the proposed solution.
Low Loss ultra-compact Mach-Zehnder Modulator on Lithium Niobate Photonic Wire (2019)

An new design of ultra-compact Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) with five parallel coupled waveguides power divider and combiner has been proposed for lithium niobate photonic wire platform. The major characteristics of MZM has been analyzed in comparison with conventional structure of MZM by using beam propagation method.