gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring Machine Translation Errors in New Domains (2013)

We develop two techniques for analyzing the effect of porting a machine translation system to a new domain. One is a macro-level analysis that measures how domain shift affects corpus-level evaluation; the second is a micro-level analysis for word-level errors. We apply these methods to understand what happens when a Parliament-trained phrase-based machine translation system is applied in four very different domains: news, medical texts, scientific articles and movie subtitles. We present quantitative and qualitative experiments that highlight opportunities for future research in domain adaptation for machine translation.
Glucocorticoid receptor interactome (2014)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
ChemInform Abstract: Amphiphilic Carbohydrate‐Based Mesogens. Part 7. Synthesis of Mesogenic 4‐ and 6‐O‐Alkyl‐D‐glucitols. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hair Follicular Expression and Function of Group X Secreted Phospholipase A2 in Mouse Skin (2011)

Although perturbed lipid metabolism can often lead to skin abnormality, the role of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) in skin homeostasis is poorly understood. In the present study we found that group X-secreted PLA(2) (sPLA(2)-X) was expressed in the outermost epithelium of hair follicles in synchrony with the anagen phase of hair cycling. Transgenic mice overexpressing sPLA(2)-X (PLA2G10-Tg) displayed alopecia, which was accompanied by hair follicle distortion with reduced expression of genes related to hair development, during a postnatal hair cycle. Additionally, the epidermis and sebaceous glands of PLA2G10-Tg skin were hyperplasic. Proteolytic activation of sPLA(2)-X in PLA2G10-Tg skin was accompanied by preferential hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine species with polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as elevated production of some if not all eicosanoids. Importantly, the skin of Pla2g10-deficient mice had abnormal hair follicles with noticeable reduction in a subset of hair genes, a hypoplasic outer root sheath, a reduced number of melanin granules, and unexpected up-regulation of prostanoid synthesis. Collectively, our study highlights the spatiotemporal expression of sPLA(2)-X in hair follicles, the presence of skin-specific machinery leading to sPLA(2)-X activation, a functional link of sPLA(2)-X with hair follicle homeostasis, and compartmentalization of the prostanoid pathway in hair follicles and epidermis.
In-flight fault detection and isolation in aircraft flight control systems (2005)

In this paper we consider the problem of test design for real-time fault detection and isolation (FDI) in the flight control system of fixed-wing aircraft. We focus on the faults that are manifested in the control surface elements (e.g., aileron, elevator, rudder and stabilizer) of an aircraft. For demonstration purposes, we restrict our focus on the faults belonging to nine basic fault classes. The diagnostic tests are performed on the features extracted from fifty monitored system parameters. The proposed tests are able to uniquely isolate each of the faults at almost all severity levels. A neural network-based flight control simulator, FLTZreg, is used for the simulation of various faults in fixed-wing aircraft flight control systems for the purpose of FDI
Interdiffusion in GaAs(1-x)Sbx/GaAs superlattices studied with high-resolution x-ray diffraction and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (1998)

Nominally undoped GaAsSb/GaAs superlattices were annealed at temperatures between 900 and 1100 °C in a closed quartz ampoule. A strong dependence of the interdiffusion coefficients in the GaAs/GaAsSb superlattices on the arsenic vapor pressure was observed by two independent methods: secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and high-resolution x-ray diffraction using dynamic calculations to extract interdiffusion coefficients. The interdiffusion coefficient was low in the Ga-rich regime where an Arrhenius like dependence with an activation energy of 1.5±0.4 eV and a preexponential factor of 7.1×10−12 cm2 s−1 was found. For the As-rich regime the activation energy was 2.0±0.1 eV and the preexponential factor 7.8×10−9 cm2 s−1.
Spectrophotometric Study of the Reaction of Promazine Hydrochloride with Palladium(II), Osmium(VIII) and Osmium(VI) (1984)

Department of Post-graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasa Gangotri, Mysore-570 006 <em>Manuscript received 18 December 1982, revised 12 December 1983, accepted 27 February 1984</em> Promazine hydrochloride (PMH) forms a red coloured complex with Pd(ll) in acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer of \(\mathcal{p}\)H 4.5-5.5 and a red coloured radical cation with Os(VIII) or Os(VI) in 1-3 <em>M</em> hydrochloric acid medium. The palladium-PMH complex and the radical cation exhibit maximum absorption at 498 and 515 nm, respectively.The composition of the Pd(II)-PMH complex is 1 : 1. The apparent stability constant of the complex at\(\mathcal{p}\)H 5.0±0.1, 27 ± 1<sup>o</sup> has a log K value. of 5.9 ± 0.1.The proposed methods offer the advantages of simplicity, stability, rapidity and sensitivity without the need for an extraction step or heating the solution.
Metabolic rescue ameliorates mitochondrial encephalo‐cardiomyopathy in murine and human iPSC models of Leigh syndrome (2022)

Our study reveals direct mechanistic explanations of the observed cardiac bradyarrhythmia, diastolic dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis in mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) models of LS.
<title>Microwave detection of breast tumors: comparison of skin subtraction algorithms</title> (2000)

Early detection of breast cancer is an important part of effective treatment. Microwave detection of breast cancer is of interest due to the contrast in dielectric properties of normal and malignant breast tissues. We are investigating a confocal microwave imaging system that adapts ideas from ground penetrating radar to breast cancer detection. In the proposed system, the patient lies prone with the breast extending through a hole in the examining table and encircled by an array of antennas. The breast is illuminated sequentially by each antenna with an ultrawideband signal, and the returns are recorded at the same antenna. Because the antennas are offset from the breast, the dominant component of the recorded returns is the reflection from the thin layer of breast skin. Two methods of reducing this reflection are compared, namely approximation of the signal with two time shifted, scaled and summed returns from a cylinder of skin, and subtraction of the mean of the set of aligned returns. Both approaches provide effective decrease of the skin signal, allowing for tumor detection.
X-ray diffraction imaging of fully packaged n–p–n transistors under accelerated ageing conditions (2022)

X-ray diffraction imaging was used to monitor the local strains that developed around individual n-p-n bipolar transistors within fully encapsulated packages under conditions of extremely high forward bias to simulate accelerated ageing. Die warpage associated with the packaging was observed to relax systematically as the polymer became viscous due to the temperature rise associated with the dissipation of heat in the transistor. The direct image size and intensity from the individual transistors were interpreted in terms of a model in which local thermal expansion is treated as a cylindrical inclusion of distorted material, contrast arising principally from lattice tilt. The extension of the thermal strain image along the emitter with increasing power dissipation was ascribed to the effect of current crowding in the emitter region. Weaker large-area contrast associated with the base-collector region was interpreted as arising from the smaller change in effective misorientation at the high X-ray energy of thermal lattice dilation in the base region.
Abstract 5771: Aortic Root Dilatation is a Phenotypic Manifestation of the Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease Prevalent in Relatives with Normal Aortic Valve. (2008)

Background: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and dilated ascending aorta frequently coexist. 10% of first degree relatives (FDRs) of probands with BAV inherit a valvular abnormality, however there is limited data concerning the occurrence of dilated aortic root in families of affected subjects. We evaluated the prevalence of aortic root dilatation among FDRs with a tricuspid aortic valve. Methods: Aortic root dimensions were measured by 2D echocardiography in BAV probands (n=48), their FDRs (n = 49) and controls without structural heart disease matched by age and gender (n=44). Aortic root was measured at: annulus, sinuses of Valsalva, sino-tubular junction and proximal ascending aorta. The dimensions were indexed by body surface area (BSA). Presence of dilatation was determined using published confidence intervals relating normal aortic diameters to BSA and age. Results: Five subjects (10%) in FDR group were found to have BAV, thus they were included in BAV group. Indexed aortic diameter was significantly different in 3 groups namely BAV&gt;FDR&gt;Control at annulus (2.0±0.3, 1.7±0.2, 1.6±0.1, p&lt;0.001) and sinuses of Valsalva (2.8±0.5, 2.4±0.4, 2.2±0.3, p&lt;0.001) Figure . BAV subjects showed significantly larger dimensions in the ascending aorta compared to FDRs and controls (p&lt;0.001). The prevalence of aortic root dilatation at all levels was 51% in BAV subjects, 25% in FDRs and 0% in controls (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: There is high prevalence of aortic root dilatation in the FDRs of subjects with BAV despite having normal tricuspid aortic valve. This finding suggests that aortic root dilatation is another phenotypic manifestation of BAV disease that is inherited independent of BAV.
Acute effects of cortisol on alcohol craving in alcohol use disorder (2017)

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a severe and chronically relapsing disorder. Stress is known to increase craving and alcohol-taking behavior, but it is not known whether the stress hormone cortisol mediates these stress effects or whether cortisol may rather reduce craving, for example, by inhibiting the retrieval of addiction memory. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of cortisol administration on craving in abstinent patients with AUD during an abstinent-oriented inpatient treatment. 
Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design 46 abstinent patients with AUD were tested with two exposure sessions within two weeks. Cortisol (20 mg) or placebo was orally administered 1 hour before each exposure session. Psychological (craving, stress) and physiological (cortisol, heart rate) parameters were repeatedly measured during both test-days. 
Results: Independent of cortisol, repeated in-vivo exposure to alcohol resulted in reduced craving. Thus, acute cortisol administration did not significantly reduce craving during the in-vivo exposure to alcohol. However, patients receiving cortisol at the first experimental day showed significantly reduced craving at the second experimental day one week later compared to the patients who received first placebo and then cortisol. 
Conclusion: These findings are in line with previous studies in patients with anxiety disorders indicating that adding cortisol to in-vivo exposure enhances the consolidation of the habituation effect and therefore might enhance treatment outcome.
Hippocampal-medial entorhinal circuit is differently organized along the dorsoventral axis in rodents (2022)

Summary The general understanding of hippocampal circuits is that the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex (EC) are topographically connected through parallel identical circuits along the dorsoventral axis. Our anterograde tracing and in vitro electrophysiology data, however, show a markedly different dorsoventral organization of the hippocampal projection to the medial EC (MEC). Whereas dorsal hippocampal projections are confined to the dorsal MEC and preferentially target layer Vb (LVb) over layer Va (LVa) neurons, the ventral hippocampus innervates the entire dorsoventral extent of MEC. In the ventral MEC, these projections innervate neurons in both LVa and LVb. In contrast, in the dorsal MEC, ventral hippocampal projections target mainly LVa neurons. As LVa neurons project to telencephalic structures, our findings indicate that the ventral hippocampus regulates LVa-mediated entorhinal-neocortical output from both the dorsal and ventral MEC. Overall, the marked dorsoventral differences in hippocampal-entorhinal connectivity impose important constraints on signal flow in hippocampal-neocortical circuits.
Optofluidic Lab-on-a-Chip Monitoring of Subsurface Bacterial Transport (2013)

An optofluidic lab-on-a-chip system and subsequent sampling procedure were developed for detecting bacteria from soil samples utilizing light scattering detection of immunoagglutination assay. This system and protocol detected the presence of Escherichia coli K12 from soil particles in near real-time (10 min) with a detection limit down to 1 CFU mL-1, which is superior to the conventional methods, such as plate counting or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. E. coli solutions were applied to the surface of a mock soil system and incubated overnight. The light scattering immunoagglutination assays using the optofluidic lab-on-a-chip showed two E. coli peaks over the soil depth, one at 1 cm and the other at 4 cm. Comparison with bacterial viability assay and Bradford protein assay revealed that smaller E. coli colonies were found at 1 cm depth and larger colonies at 4 cm, while free antigens adsorbed and desorbed more reversibly at both locations. The two peaks were explained by the two-step process of protein-surface interaction and gravitational force. The target molecules with small sizes (free antigens and single cells) arrived at the soil particle surface faster according to the diffusion model, and the larger E. coli colonies arrived later where the soil surface was already occupied. Because the free antigens adsorbed and desorbed in a more reversible manner, they could be found throughout the depth of the mock-up soil system, whereas the larger E. coli colonies traveled through the void space within soil particles via gravitational force and accumulated at the bottom of where the liquid reached. This work also demonstrates a device and procedure that could be potentially implemented in field studies. With proper soil sample handling protocol and light scattering detection of immunoagglutination assay in an optofluidic lab-on-a-chip, developing more complete bacteria subsurface transport models with actual field results can be achieved.
FGF9 variant in 46, XY DSD patient suggests a role for dimerization in sex determination (2022)

46,XY gonadal dysgenesis (GD) is a Disorder/Difference of Sex Development (DSD) that can present with phenotypes ranging from ambiguous genitalia to complete male-to-female sex reversal. Around 50% of 46,XY DSD cases receive a molecular diagnosis. In mice, Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is an important component of the male sex-determining pathway. Two FGF9 variants reported to date disrupt testis development in mice, but not in humans. Here, we describe a female patient with 46,XY GD harbouring the rare FGF9 variant (missense mutation), NM_002010.2:c.583G > A;p.(Asp195Asn) (D195N). By biochemical and cell-based approaches, the D195N variant disrupts FGF9 protein homodimerisation and FGF9-heparin-binding, and reduces both Sertoli cell proliferation and Wnt4 repression. XY Fgf9<sup>D195N/D195N</sup> foetal mice show a transient disruption of testicular cord development, while XY Fgf9<sup>D195N/-</sup> foetal mice show partial male-to-female gonadal sex reversal. In the general population, the D195N variant occurs at an allele frequency of 2.4 × 10<sup>-5</sup> , suggesting an oligogenic basis for the patient's DSD. Exome analysis of the patient reveals several known and novel variants in genes expressed in human foetal Sertoli cells at the time of sex determination. Taken together, our results indicate that disruption of FGF9 homodimerization impairs testis determination in mice and, potentially, also in humans in combination with other variants.
Touch & Interact (2008)

Touch & Interact is an interaction technique which combines mobile phones and public displays. The motivation for the project is to overcome the intrinsic output limitations of mobile phones. Touch & Interact extends the phone output to a public display allowing both screens to share the display space. This concept is especially useful for separating public and private data – only showing private data on the phone display. During interaction, the phone is used as a stylus for the public display and can touch the display at any location. The phone also lends additional capabilities to interactions by providing storage capabilities, additional feedback (e.g. audio and haptic) and input modalities (e.g. keypad and joystick). The underlying technology supporting Touch & Interact is Near Field Communication (NFC); the dynamic display includes a mesh of NFC tags which can be interacted with using an NFC phone. A tourist map application was used to explore and test Touch & Interact in an environment with rich functionality.
Aldehyde and ketone condensation reactions catalyzed by boric acid (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAldehyde and ketone condensation reactions catalyzed by boric acidRobert D. Offenhauer and Stephen F. NelsenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 2, 775–777Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01266a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01266a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views785Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Algorithm 457: finding all cliques of an undirected graph (1973)

bttroductian. A maximal complete subgraph (clique) is a complete subgraph that is not contained in any other complete subgraph.
The Effect of Fracture Pattern Stability on Implant Loading in OTA Type 31-A2 Proximal Femur Fractures (2013)

Type 31-A2 fractures become increasingly unstable with increased medial comminution (or fragment size). SHS-P constructs were more load sharing than SHS-IMN constructs. These findings may help guide the surgeon in choice of implant for a 31-A2 intertrochanteric fracture, leaning toward SHS-IMN for the more unstable fracture patterns.
To a High Standard: The Voice of a Musician-teacher (2005)

The many voices of a musician-teacher are explored in this paper, with reference to Rogers' terminology from his innovation theory. The story of James Easton is set against the establishment of the electronic music studio at the Sydney Conservatorium in 1974 with its fruitful working relationship with Wesley Smith threaded alongside Easton's own composition and arrangement.
Cladribine tablets for highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Poland: a real-world, multi-centre, retrospective, cohort study during the COVID-19 pandemic (2023)

Cladribine tablets proved safe and effective in a real-world cohort of treatment-experienced patients. However, the efficacy measures improved to a lesser extent in our cohort than in the pivotal clinical trial, which is probably due to a higher proportion of treatment-experienced patients in our cohort.
13C-NMR-Spektroskopie an polycyclischen Aromaten, IV Das 13C-NMR-Spektrum von 1-Aminopyren / 13C NMR Spectroscopy of Polycyclic Aromatics, IV The 13C NMR Spectrum of 1-Aminopyrene (1975)

In the 13 C NMR spectrum of ] -aminopyrene (1) in [D6] acetone all carbon atoms are anisochronous. Most of the sixteen signals can be safely assigned by selective 13 C{ 1 H}double resonance experiments and by the interpretation of proton-coupled 13 C as well as with the aid of off-resonance noise-decoupled 13 C{ 1 H} spectra. Substituent effects on chemical shifts in rings A, B, and D are compared with those of the 1- and 2-aminonaphthalenes (2, 3). Even in ring C, most distant from the substituent, relatively strong high-field shifts are observed which are ascribed to mesomerism.
Performance of the Xenon Feed System on Deep Space One (2000)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Pathogenicity and propagation of UPMT27 field isolate of Malaysia fowl adenovirus in chicken embryo liver cells (2018)

The poultry industry in Malaysia is fast growing but has become under threat due to inclusion bodies hepatitis (IBH) caused by strains of fowl adenovirus (FADV). The present study was carried out to propagate a field isolate of FAdV (UPM T27) and examine its pathogenicity in chicken egg embryo and chicken embryo liver cells. Five Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) chicken eggs were inoculated with 0.1mls of the FAdV UPMT27 isolate via chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) sac route. Supernatant from liver homogenate of dead embryo were used to infect freshly prepared chicken embryo liver (CEL) cells and observed for cytopathic effects for serial passages. Subsequently, passage 1 and 2 isolates were stained with H&E and observed under the microscope. Results show 100% mortality of the eggs at 11 days post inoculation and 100% CPE were observed at 4 dpi respectively. Eosinophilic inclusion bodies were also observed in the hepatocyte after H&E staining. These results confirmed that UPMT27 FAdV isolated from Malaysia are highly pathogenic and can be successfully propagated in CEL cells for future studies of the virus.
Design of the commercial data masking facility data privacy algorithm (1993)

This paper presents the details of the new Commercial Data Masking Facility (CDMF) data privacy algorithm1. When implemented appropriately, products containing the CDMF algorithm can, in general, be freely exported from the United States. A short discussion of the requirements and rationale of the new algorithm is given.
Quiste prauretral de la glándula de Llitré: un caso excepcional (2006)

Paraurethral cysts of non traumatic origin are very rare, only two cases are described in the literature, one cyst located at the penoscrotal angle dependent from the corpus spongiosum without connection to the urethra, and another case of inflammation of the periurethral Littre's glands simulating a tumor.