gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probing Electronic Effects in the Asymmetric Heck Reaction with the BIPI Ligands (2003)

[structure: see text] The new BIPI ligands are phosphinoimidazolines that can be electronically tuned in three different ligand regions to explore electronic effects in asymmetric catalysis. Their application to the asymmetric Heck reaction (AHR) in the creation of a chiral quaternary center is described. Enantioselectivity is shown for the first time to depend linearly on phosphine electron density. Changing the ligand basicity by variation of the R(2) or R(3) substituents reverses facial selectivity.
Phase Stability of Lithium Manganese Oxide Stored at High Temperatures (2016)

Capacity degradation of the LiMn2O4 cathode during high-temperature storage was investigated for various lithium contents. The capacity recovery rate was determined after the storage test, and the phases and valence state of manganese ions were investigated by X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure. The storage characteristics depend on the state of charge (SOC); a significantly low recovery rate was found for the shallow SOC region of LiMn2O4. The phase changes determined after the deterioration were as follows. (i) The lattice parameters decrease with an increase in manganese valence, caused by the formation of defects at the 16d site due to manganese dissolution. (ii) A new phase forms as a second phase. This phase has higher manganese valence and a larger amount of manganese vacancies. The same type of phase was produced by a high-temperature treatment of the shallow SOC phase at 150°C, which indicates that the phase was stable at high temperatures. (iii) A lower manganese valence state was observed at the spinel surface, which is related to manganese dissolution. Deterioration in the shallow SOC region during high-temperature storage is related to the phase stability of the de-intercalated spinel phases.
The Influence of the Intrapolymer Environment on Periodate Oxidation of Uronic Acids in Polyuronides and Glycosaminoglycuronans (1975)

Conference Article| October 01 1975 The Influence of the Intrapolymer Environment on Periodate Oxidation of Uronic Acids in Polyuronides and Glycosaminoglycuronans J. E. SCOTT; J. E. SCOTT 1MRC Rheumatism Unit, Canadian Red Cross Memorial Hospital, Taplow, Maidenhead, Berks. SL6 OHN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. J. TIGWELL M. J. TIGWELL 1MRC Rheumatism Unit, Canadian Red Cross Memorial Hospital, Taplow, Maidenhead, Berks. SL6 OHN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1975 Biochemical Society1975 Biochem Soc Trans (1975) 3 (5): 662–664. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0030662 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. E. SCOTT, M. J. TIGWELL; The Influence of the Intrapolymer Environment on Periodate Oxidation of Uronic Acids in Polyuronides and Glycosaminoglycuronans. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1975; 3 (5): 662–664. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0030662 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1975 Biochemical Society1975 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
WLC29-2: Performance of Wireless LAN Access Methods in Multicell Environments (2006)

In this paper, we address the issue of evaluating performance of wireless LANs in multicell scenarios. We try to understand the complex behavior of the DCF (distributed coordination function) access method defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard [1] and its modifications proposed for improving performance: slow decrease [2], asymptotically optimal backoff [3], and idle sense [4]. We analyze the influence of overlapping cells and large multicell environments on their performance. Our results show that the IEEE 802.11 DCF and its two modifications (slow decrease and AOB) exhibit important unfairness between stations close to the access point and those near the border of a neighbor cell. Idle Sense performs much better: it provides much better fairness than the IEEE 802.11 DCF and its modifications. It also obtains the highest throughput when stations adapt their bit rate to channel conditions.
Anomaly Detection with Inexact Labels (2019)

We propose a supervised anomaly detection method for data with inexact anomaly labels, where each label, which is assigned to a set of instances, indicates that at least one instance in the set is anomalous. Although many anomaly detection methods have been proposed, they cannot handle inexact anomaly labels. To measure the performance with inexact anomaly labels, we define the inexact AUC, which is our extension of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for inexact labels. The proposed method trains an anomaly score function so that the smooth approximation of the inexact AUC increases while anomaly scores for non-anomalous instances become low. We model the anomaly score function by a neural network-based unsupervised anomaly detection method, e.g., autoencoders. The proposed method performs well even when only a small number of inexact labels are available by incorporating an unsupervised anomaly detection mechanism with inexact AUC maximization. Using various datasets, we experimentally demonstrate that our proposed method improves the anomaly detection performance with inexact anomaly labels, and outperforms existing unsupervised and supervised anomaly detection and multiple instance learning methods.
Application of High-strength Concrete with 60 MPa to High-rise Building (1995)

設計基準強度600kgf/cm2の高強度コンクリートと, SD490の高強度鉄筋を用いて, 地上39階建の超高層RC造建築物が計画された。その施工には, PCa部材と現場打ちコンクリートを合理的に組み合わせたRC積層工法が採用され, 省力化・高能率化・高品質化が達成された。本稿では, 構造計画およびRC積層工法の概要を示すと共に, 高強度鉄筋の先組工法・接合方法, 設計基準強度600kgf/cm2の高強度コンクリートの調合計画・施工方法・品質管理結果について報告する。
Application of Combustion Stabilization Devices to Liquid Rocket Engine (2003)

로켓엔진에서 발생하는 고주파 연소 불안정(음향 불안정)을 억제하기 위해 엔진에 적용되는, 배플이나 음향공과 같은 연소 안정화기구를 설계하고 그 효과를 시험을 통해 검증하였다. 먼저, 음향 감쇠 관점에서, 선형 감쇠이론을 토대로 연소 안정화기구를 설계하였으며, 주요 설계인자로서 감쇠인자를 고려하여 여러 연소실에서의 감쇠인자를 수치적으로 계산하였따. 다음으로, 다양한 작동조건에서, 음향공이 장착된 무배플 연소실에서의 연소시험이 수행되었다. 이를 통해 무배플 연소실의 안정성 특성, 주요 유해주파수 및 유해 음향모드 등이 파악되었으며, 동적 안정성 여분이 상당히 작음이 확인되었다. 이는, 무배플 연소실의 연소 안정화에 현재 사양의 음향공의 효과가 미흡함을 입증한다. 배플의 효과를 입증하기 위해 배플장착 연소실에서 연소 안정성 평가시험을 수행하였고, 뚜렷한 연소 안정화 현상을 관측할 수 있었다. 이는 현 설계사양의 배플이 충분한 감쇠 효과를 가짐을 입증한다. Application of combustion stabilization devices such as baffle and acoustic cavity to liquid propellant rocket engine is investigated to suppress high-frequency combustion instability, i.e., acoustic instability. First, these damping devices are designed based on linear damping theory. As a principal design parameter， damping factor is considered and calculated numerically in the chambers with/without these devices. Next, the unbaffled chambers with/without acoustic cavities are tested experimentally for several operating conditions. The unbaffled chamber shows the peculiar stability characteristics depending on the operating condition and it is found to have small dynamic stability margin. As a result, the acoustic cavity with the present design has little stabilization effect in this specific chamber. Finally， stability rating tests are conducted with the baffled chamber, where evident combustion stabilization is observed, which indicates sufficient damping effect.
The Perinatal Microbiome and Pregnancy: Moving Beyond the Vaginal Microbiome (2015)

The human microbiome, the collective genome of the microbial community that is on and within us, has recently been mapped. The initial characterization of healthy subjects has provided investigators with a reference population for interrogating the microbiome in metabolic, intestinal, and reproductive health and disease states. Although it is known that bacteria can colonize the vagina, recent metagenomic studies have shown that the vaginal microbiome varies among reproductive age women. Similarly, the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota also naturally fluctuate among gravidae in both human and nonhuman primates, as well as mice. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that microbiome niches in pregnancy are not limited to maternal body sites, as the placenta appears to harbor a low biomass microbiome that is presumptively established in early pregnancy and varies in association with a remote history of maternal antenatal infection as well as preterm birth. In this article, we will provide a brief overview on metagenomics science as a means to investigate the microbiome, observations pertaining to both variation and the presumptive potential role of a varied microbiome during pregnancy, and how future studies of the microbiome in pregnancy may lend to a better understanding of human biology, reproductive health, and parturition.
Power Distribution Planning Reference Book (2004)

Providing more than twice the content of the original edition, this new edition is the premier source on the selection, development, and provision of safe, high-quality, and cost-effective electric utility distribution systems, and it promises vast improvements in system reliability and layout by spanning every aspect of system planning including l
IX.—NEW BOOKS (1955)

Journal Article IX.—NEW BOOKS Get access The Pragmatic Philosophy of C.S. Peirce. By MANLEY THOMPSON. University of Chicago Press, 1953. Pp. xvii + 318. 43s. 6d. D. G. BROWN D. G. BROWN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume LXIV, Issue 256, October 1955, Pages 561–562, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LXIV.256.561 Published: 01 October 1955
Physico-chemical and catalytic properties of Zr- and Cu–Zr ion-exchanged H-MCM-41 (2004)

H-MCM-41 catalyst ion-exchanged by Zr and/or Cu-cations were synthesized and characterized by XPS, 27Al- and 29Si-MAS-NMR, FTIR of pyridine adsorption, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and direct current plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The catalysts were evaluated towards 1-butene skeletal isomerization after pre-treatment with hydrogen or synthetic air. The dispersion of metals after ion-exchange was reasonably good, as revealed by LA-ICP-MS. Binding energies observed by XPS indicated that after reduction or oxidation pre-treatments copper is mainly present as Cu2+, except in case of reduced Cu-H-MCM-41. Pre-treatment had no influence on the oxidation state of Zr4+ species. Zr ion-exchange decreased the concentrations of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. As a result, the initial conversion of 1-butene was decreased, but the selectivity and stability of the catalyst were increased. As reported before, the copper introduction decreased the Brønsted acid site density, but increased the conversion. The enhancement in the catalytic activity has been connected to the presence of copper with oxidation state +1, which is formed under reaction conditions due to the hydrogen formation. This led to a peculiar effect over oxidized bimetallic Cu–Zr-H-MCM-41 at a low temperature and high weight hourly space velocity (523 K and 15 h−1, respectively): The initial conversion of 1-butene was almost zero but increased during the time-on-stream reaching the value of about 13 mol%. These observations are related to the reduction of Cu2+ species to Cu+ during the reaction. The catalyst evaluation and characterization results led to a conclusion that the presence of Zr stabilizes copper’s oxidation state of Cu+2 under reductive conditions in the bimetallic Cu–Zr-H-MCM-41 catalyst.
Abstract 504: AAV9-Mediated Overexpression of TRPM4 Increases the Incidence of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Living Mice (2019)

Cardiac conduction disorders are a common cause of lethal cardiac arrhythmias and can be caused by mutations in ion channels. Several studies suggest that mutations in the Transient Receptor Potential subfamily M member 4 (TRPM4) are responsible for hereditary forms of cardiac conduction disorders. The majority of mutations that are described in TRPM4 lead to gain-of-function of channel activity. Analysis of the first identified gain-of-function mutation, p.E7K in a cellular overexpression system suggests that attenuated deSUMOylation of the protein, leads to impaired endocytosis and consequently an increase in the number of functional channels in the plasma membrane. To test the idea that an increased number of TRPM4 channels leads to cardiac arrhythmias, we created a functional overexpression model of the TRPM4 channel in living mice. To this end, we overexpressed TRPM4 in mice using adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) particles, which has been described as the most cardiotropic of AAV serotypes. Overexpression of TRPM4 was achieved via tail vein injection of AAV9 particles. Subsequently, we performed telemetric ECG-measurements in freely-moving mice to determine their in vivo cardiac phenotype. In baseline conditions, the heart rate and ECG-parameters were similar between TRPM4-overexpressing and WT mice. Additionally, the number of arrhythmic incidents in resting mice was not different between TRPM4-overexpressing mice and WT mice. Instead, WT mice overexpressing TRPM4 exhibited more premature ventricular ectopic beats during exercise-induces β-adrenergic stress. Conduction abnormalities were rare and was not increased in mice overexpressing TRPM4. Taken together, mice overexpressing TRPM4 were more prone to develop premature ventricular ectopic beats during exercise-induced β-adrenergic stress.
An end-to-end industrial software traceability tool (2007)

Traceability is an important aspect of software development that is often required by various professional standards and government agencies. Yet current industrial approaches do not typically address end-to-end traceability. Moreover, many industry projects become entangled in process overhead and fail to derive much benefit from current traceability solutions. This paper presents a successful end-to-end software traceability tool developed at Wonderware, a software development company and a business unit of Invensys Systems, Inc. This process-oriented approach achieves comprehensive traceability and supports the entire software development life cycle by focusing on both requirements traceability and process traceability. We offer new perspectives in analyzing the problem as well as general traceability guidelines. These guidelines have emerged from the experience of implementing and deploying the traceability tool within actual company constraints. We discuss encouraging results and point to the advantages gained in using our approach.
Application of nonlinear friction compensation to robot arm control (1986)

This paper deals with a design of a digital servo controller for a robot manipulator with mechanical nonlinearities. The experimental system is a D.C. motor driven manipulator arm. A model to predict the nonlinear behavior exhibited by the experimental system and a nonlinear controller with Coulomb friction compensator are developed and tested. The effectiveness of the nonlinear controller is certified by designing a linear tracking controller based on this scheme. Experimental and simulated responses are given.
Rotor Concept Comparison for Underwater Power Generation (2002)

Production and consumption of electricity have grown enormously during the last century. No mater what the primary source of energy is, almost all generation of electricity comes from conversion of a rotational movement in a generator. The aim of this thesis is to see how high voltage technology influence production and storage of electricity. Power flow in the generators used to convert mechanical movement to electric energy is analyzed using Poynting‘s vector. The impact of new generator technology for efficient extraction of hydroelectric power is shown. Simulation of a large permanent magnet turbo generator is presented. A flywheel storage system for electric vehicles utilizing high voltage technology is also presented. In pulsed power applications, a cheap method for intermediate storage of energy during milliseconds, which enables an inductive primary storage is presented and experimentally tested.
Crystalline and microstructure study of the AlN–Al2O3section in the Al–N–O system. I. Polytypes and γ-AlON spinel phase (1999)

The crystalline structure and microstructure of some phases of the pseudo-binary system AlN–Al 2 O 3 are discussed, with special attention to the γ spinel phase. Samples with AlN content ranging between 43.3 and 3.5 mol % were studied after different thermal treatments. X-ray and neutron diffraction Rietveld peak-profile refinement allowed the determination of the cell parameters and weight fraction of the phases. By checking different hypotheses of structure, it has been shown that the positions of the anions in the γ-AlON spinel phase are not ideal and correspond to a deformed face-centred cubic (f.c.c.) structure. This deviation is not due to the presence of vacancies in the cationic sublattice. The vacancies are distributed in the octahedral sites.
Baicalein Rescues Delayed Cooling via Preservation of Akt Activation and Akt-Mediated Phospholamban Phosphorylation (2018)

Cooling reduces the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury seen in sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) by decreasing the burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Its cardioprotection is diminished when delay in reaching the target temperature occurs. Baicalein, a flavonoid derived from the root of <i>Scutellaria</i><i>baicalensis</i><i>G</i><i>e</i><i>orgi</i>, possesses antioxidant properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that baicalein can rescue cooling cardioprotection when cooling is delayed. Two murine cardiomyocyte models, an I/R model (90 min ischemia/3 h reperfusion) and stunning model (30 min ischemia/90 min reperfusion), were used to assess cell survival and contractility, respectively. Cooling (32 °C) was initiated either during ischemia or during reperfusion. Cell viability and ROS generation were measured. Cell contractility was evaluated by real-time phase-contrast imaging. Our results showed that cooling reduced cell death and ROS generation, and this effect was diminished when cooling was delayed. Baicalein (25 µM), given either at the start of reperfusion or start of cooling, resulted in a comparable reduction of cell death and ROS production. Baicalein improved phospholamban phosphorylation, contractility recovery, and cell survival. These effects were Akt-dependent. In addition, no synergistic effect was observed with the combined treatments of cooling and baicalein. Our data suggest that baicalein may serve as a novel adjunct therapeutic strategy for SCA resuscitation.
A total sky cloud detection method using real clear sky background (2015)

Abstract. The brightness distribution of sky background is usually non-uniform, which creates many problems for traditional cloud detection methods including the failure of thin cloud detection in total sky images and significantly reducing retrieval accuracy in the circumsolar and near-horizon regions. This paper describes the development of a new cloud detection algorithm, named "clear sky background differencing (CSBD)", which is accomplished by differencing the original image and the corresponding clear sky background image using the images' green channel. First, a library of clear sky background images with a variety of solar elevation angles needs to be developed. The image rotation and image brightness adjustment algorithms are applied to ensure the two images being differenced have the same solar position and similar brightness distribution. Sensitivity tests show, as long as the positions of the sun in the two images are the same, the cloud detection results are satisfactory. Several experimental cases show that the CSBD algorithm obtains good cloud recognition results visually, especially for thin clouds.
Can active impedance protect robots from landing impact? (2014)

This paper studies the effect of passive and active impedance for protecting jumping robots from landing impacts. The theory of force transmissibility is used for selecting the passive impedance of the system to minimize the shock propagation. The active impedance is regulated online by a joint-level controller. On top of this controller, a reflex-based leg retraction scheme is implemented which is optimized using direct policy search reinforcement learning based on particle filtering. Experiments are conducted both in simulation and on a real-world hopping leg. We show that although the impact dynamics is fast, the addition of passive impedance provides enough time for the active impedance controller to react to the impact and protect the robot from damage.
The impact of Ag particle size and rapid thermal processing belt speed on contact resistance of a silicon solar cell (2015)

For silicon solar cell, the contact resistance and other series resistance component must be low so that the fill factor (FF) will be high for maximum power extraction. This work measures the contact resistance of mono crystalline silicon cell with respect to micro and nano particle Ag in the metal paste. Nano paste Ag possess lower contact resistance than the micro counterpart. Also in the metal co-firing, the belt speed can impact the contact resistance so that as the belt speed increases, the contact resistance decreases. This stems from shorter dwell time at high temperature as the belt speed increases, and limit the time for oxide to grow at the silicon/metal interface to raise the potential and thereby increase the contact resistance.
On Chromatic Polynomial and Ordinomial (2006)

Conventionally, we will assume that C(T; 0) = 0 which implies A is a factor of chromatic polynomial of any graph.Moreover, T is A-colorable if and only if C(T\ A) > 0. From this remark, it is obvious that x(r) = min {A N | C(T; A) > 0} and the four-color theorem can be rephrased as follows:
Parkinson disease: A new link between monoamine oxidase and mitochondrial electron flow (1997)

Two factors that contribute to the progression of Parkinson disease are a brain defect in mitochondrial respiration and the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by monoamine oxidase (MAO). Here we show that the two are linked. Metabolism of the neurotransmitter dopamine, or other monoamines (benzylamine, tyramine), by intact rat brain mitochondria suppresses pyruvate- and succinate-dependent electron transport. MAO inhibitors prevent this action. Mitochondrial damage is also reversed during electron flow. A probable explanation is that MAO-generated H2O2 oxidizes glutathione to glutathione disulfide (GSSG), which undergoes thiol-disulfide interchange to form protein mixed disulfides, thereby interfering reversibly with thiol-dependent enzymatic function. In agreement with this premise, direct addition of GSSG to mitochondria resulted in similar reversible inhibition of electron transport. In addition, the monoamines induced an elevation in protein mixed disulfides within mitochondria. These observations imply that (i) heightened activity and metabolism of neurotransmitter by monoamine neurons may affect neuronal function, and (ii) apparent defects in mitochondrial respiration associated with Parkinson disease may reflect, in part, an established increase in dopamine turnover. The experimental results also target mitochondrial repair mechanisms for further investigation and may, in time, lead to newer forms of therapy.