gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbial Fuel Cell Equipped with a Photocatalytic Rutile-Coated Cathode (2009)

This study investigated semiconductor mineral (natural rutile) as a novel cathodic catalyst for microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Under the experimental conditions, MFCs installed with a natural rutile-coated cathode produced a maximal power density of 12.03 W/m3 under light irradiation, much higher than that of 7.64 W/m3 in the dark. The open circuit voltage (VOCV) of the MFC was 519 mV when irradiated with visible light, the short-circuit photocurrent density (ISC) was 50.91 A/m3, and the fill factor (FF) was 45.44%. In a separate unoptimized MFC device with a switchable cathode, the maximum power density achieved with natural rutile and platinum (Pt) as a cathode catalyst was comparably at 2.7 and 3.6 W/m3, respectively. The low “incident monochromatic photon to current conversion efficiency” (IPCE) (0.13% at 420 nm) of rutile used in this study indicates a potential for further material and system improvement. Results from this study demonstrate that natural rutile, and other expected semiconductor materials, may serve as a group of cost-effective alternative catalysts to noble metals in MFC applications.
Next Generation PU Foams for Mattresses benign to Human Body (2011)

The next generation PU form of High Resilience （HR） and Viscoelastic （VE） foam for mattresses was developed improving hysteresis loss air permeability under compression and temperature sensitivity. We utilized ergonomics from the initial development stage to evaluate the comfort of the mattress with body pressure distribution performance and the ease of rollover in the bed. Moreover we evaluated sensory inspection and analyzed using the next generation foam VE foam and HR foam under actual sleeping conditions. In this study we clariﬁ ed the correlation of the results between the physical property values of the ﬂ exible polyurethane foam and the ergonomics evaluation.
Unconventional Highly Active and Stable Oxygen Reduction Catalysts Informed by Computational Design Strategies (2022)

Abstract Discovering and engineering new materials with fast oxygen surface exchange kinetics and robust long‐term stability is essential for the large‐scale, economically viable commercialization of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology. The perovskite catalyst material BaFe 0.125 Co 0.125 Zr 0.75 O 3 (BFCZ75), predicted to be promising from recent density functional theory (DFT) calculations and unconventional due to its extremely high Zr content and low electronic conductivity, exhibits oxygen reduction reaction surface exchange rates on par with Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3 (BSCF) and excellent stability at typical operating temperatures. New composite electrodes are engineered by integrating BFCZ75 with commercial electrode materials La 1– x Sr x MnO 3 (LSM) and La 1– x Sr x Co y Fe 1– y O 3 (LSCF) and achieve high performance as measured by low area specific resistance (ASR) values, with the LSCF/BFCZ75 ASR values comparable to top performing noncomposite electrode materials such as SrCo 0.8 Sc 0.2 O 3– δ , BaNb 0.05 Fe 0.95 O 3– δ and BaCo 0.7 Fe 0.22 Y 0.08 O 3– δ . The use of BFCZ75 as a composite with LSCF achieving low ASR values shows that BFCZ75 is highly active and can easily integrate into existing SOFC material supply chains, lowering the barrier for potential commercial application of new electrode materials. Finally, these findings point to a broader unexplored class of perovskite materials with high fractions of redox inactive species (e.g., Zr, Nb, and Ta) that may unlock new pathways to realizing improved commercial SOFCs.
Cylindrical Substrate Microstrip Line Characterization (1987)

In this article, quasi-static and dynamic solutions are derived for microstrip transmission lines on circularly symmetric cylindrical substrates. Novel numerical techniques have evolved which lead to very efficient algorithms. The model is applicable to substrates of arbitrary thickness and cylinder size. Furthermore, it has been checked against a variety of limiting cases, including microstrip on a flat substrate, and it has been found to provide results with excellent accuracy. The analytical extraction of the quasi-static behavior from the dynamic Green's function introduces considerable simplicity in developing the algorithm.
The Evolutionary Paradox of Tooth Wear: Simply Destruction or Inevitable Adaptation? (2013)

Over the last century, humans from industrialized societies have witnessed a radical increase in some dental diseases. A severe problem concerns the loss of dental materials (enamel and dentine) at the buccal cervical region of the tooth. This "modern-day" pathology, called non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs), is ubiquitous and worldwide spread, but is very sporadic in modern humans from pre-industrialized societies. Scholars believe that several factors are involved, but the real dynamics behind this pathology are far from being understood. Here we use an engineering approach, finite element analysis (FEA), to suggest that the lack of dental wear, characteristic of industrialized societies, might be a major factor leading to NCCLs. Occlusal loads were applied to high resolution finite element models of lower second premolars (P2) to demonstrate that slightly worn P2s envisage high tensile stresses in the buccal cervical region, but when worn down artificially in the laboratory the pattern of stress distribution changes and the tensile stresses decrease, matching the results obtained in naturally worn P2s. In the modern industrialized world, individuals at advanced ages show very moderate dental wear when compared to past societies, and teeth are exposed to high tensile stresses at the buccal cervical region for decades longer. This is the most likely mechanism explaining enamel loss in the cervical region, and may favor the activity of other disruptive processes such as biocorrosion. Because of the lack of dental abrasion, our masticatory apparatus faces new challenges that can only be understood in an evolutionary perspective.
Structural Decomposition Methods and What They are Good For (2011)

This paper reviews structural problem decomposition methods, such as tree and path decompositions. It is argued that these notions can be applied in two distinct ways: Either to show that a problem is efficiently solvable when a width parameter is fixed, or to prove that the unrestricted (or some width-parameter free) version of a problem is tractable by using a width-notion as a mathematical tool for directly solving the problem at hand. Examples are given for both cases. As a new showcase for the latter usage, we report some recent results on the Partner Units Problem, a form of configuration problem arising in an industrial context. We use the notion of a path decomposition to identify and solve a tractable class of instances of this problem with practical relevance.
Preparation of (26-13C)desmosterol. (1989)

(26-13C)Desmosterol (1) and its 3-benzoate (8) and 3-tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether (9) were synthesized starting with (1-13C)propionic acid and a steroidal C-24 aldehyde (2).
A high resolution step-scan technique for low sidelobe phased array antennas (1988)

The basic principle of granularity of beam positions in phased array antennas is considered. It is shown that by adjusting the phase distribution of central elements a fine incremental step between adjacent beam positions can be obtained. The effect of adjusting the phase distribution of central or edge elements on the sidelobe level is also studied. For a given beam position, the variation of the phase for edge elements has more severe effect on the sidelobe level than that of central elements.
The Type I Interferon Response Determines Differences in Choroid Plexus Susceptibility between Newborns and Adults in Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis (2016)

Compared to adults, newborns are significantly more susceptible to severe disease following HSV infection. Over half of newborn HSV infections result in disseminated disease or encephalitis, with long-term neurologic morbidity in 2/3 of encephalitis survivors. We investigated differences in host cell susceptibility between newborns and adults that contribute to severe central nervous system disease in the newborn. We found that, unlike the adult brain, the newborn choroid plexus (CP) was susceptible early in HSV-1 infection. We demonstrated that IFN-α/β receptor levels are lower in the newborn brain than in the adult brain and that deletion of this receptor restores susceptibility of the CP in the adult brain. The CP serves as a barrier between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid and plays a role in proper neurodevelopment. Susceptibility of the newborn choroid plexus to HSV-1 has important implications in viral spread to the brain and, also, in the neurologic morbidity following HSV encephalitis.
"Rattlesnake" structure of a filamentous plant RNA virus built of two capsid proteins. (1995)

Elongated particles of simple RNA viruses of plants are composed of an RNA molecule coated with numerous identical capsid protein subunits to form a regular helical structure, of which tobacco mosaic virus is the archetype. Filamentous particles of the closterovirus beet yellow virus (BYV) reportedly contain approximately 4000 identical 22-kDa (p22) capsid protein subunits. The BYV genome encodes a 24-kDa protein (p24) that is structurally related to the p22. We searched for the p24 in BYV particles by using immunoelectron microscopy with specific antibodies against the recombinant p24 protein and its N-terminal peptide. A 75-nm segment at one end of the 1370-nm filamentous viral particle was found to be consistently labeled with both types of antibodies, thus indicating that p24 is indeed the second capsid protein and that the closterovirus particle, unlike those of other plant viruses with helical symmetry, has a "rattlesnake" rather than uniform structure.
Derivation of invariant scene characteristics from images (1980)

To us, vision is an immediate experience, not subject to careful introspection. We cannot write down protocols of processing steps that lie between the raw image intensities and our vivid impression of the surrounding scenery. Furthermore, we find ourselves in possession of this faculty long before we learn to master the more sequential processing tasks involved in the use of language, for example. Consequently, the difficulties of the vision process are often not appreciated. This is as true today, when many inroads have been made on the problem of understanding this process, as it was earlier when it was thought that vision could be understood simply in terms of some general ideas of artificial intelligence.
Surgery for Localized Pancreatic Cancer (2015)

In contrast to recent studies that suggest an increasing use of surgery, the present study demonstrates that there has been no change in the rate of use of surgery in patients with localized pancreatic disease.
Tau protein binds single‐stranded DNA sequence specifically – the proof obtained in vitro with non‐equilibrium capillary electrophoresis of equilibrium mixtures (2005)

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein, which plays an important role in physiology and pathology of neurons. Tau has been recently reported to bind double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) but not to bind single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) [Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2003, 60, 413-421]. Here, we prove that tau binds not only dsDNA but also ssDNA. This finding was facilitated by using two kinetic capillary electrophoresis methods: (i) non-equilibrium capillary electrophoresis of equilibrium mixtures (NECEEM); (ii) affinity-mediated NECEEM. Using the new approach, we observed, for the first time, that tau could induce dissociation of strands in dsDNA by binding one of them in a sequence-specific fashion. Moreover, we determined the equilibrium dissociation constants for all tau-DNA complexes studied.
Prostorové kreslení s využitím silové zpětné vazby (2007)

Navrh a implementace programu na kresleni v prostoru s využitim silove zpětne vazby. Program využiva hapticke zařizeni Phantom a aplikacni programove rozhrani Reachin API.
Assessment the effect of genomic selection and detection of selective signature in broilers (2022)

Due to high selection advances and shortened generation interval, genomic selection (GS) is now an effective animal breeding scheme. In broilers, many studies have compared the accuracy of different GS prediction methods, but few reports have demonstrated phenotypic or genetic changes using GS. In this study, the paternal chicken line B underwent continuous selection for 3 generations. The chicken 55 k SNP chip was used to estimate the genetic parameters and detect genomic response regions by selective sweep analysis. The heritability for body weight (BW), meat production, and abdominal fat traits were ranged from 0.12 to 0.38. A high genetic correlation was found between BW and meat production traits, while a low genetic correlation (<0.1) was found between meat production and abdominal fat traits. Selection resulted in an increase of about 516 g in BW and 140 g in breast muscle weight. Percentage of breast muscle and whole thigh were increased 0.8 to 1.5%. No change was observed in abdominal fat percentage. The genomic estimated breeding value advances was positive for BW and meat production (except whole thigh percentage), while negative for abdominal fat percentage. By selective sweep analysis, 39 common chromosomal regions and 102 protein coding genes were found to be influenced, including MYH1A, MYH1B, and MYH1D of the MYH gene family. Tight junction pathway as well as myosin complex related terms were enriched. This study demonstrates the effective use of GS for improvements in BW and meat production in chicken line B. Further, genomic regions, responsive to intensive genetic selection, were identified to contain genes of the MYH family.
Caught in the Middle: Case Study of a Brachial (Sentry) Lymph Node Recurrence after Resection and Locoregional Breast Radiotherapy (2012)

To reduce local recurrence, adjuvant locoregional radiotherapy is given routinely for post-mastectomy breast patients with 4 or more positive lymph nodes. Most institutions adopt a 3- or 4-field radiotherapy technique, in which the field and shielding placements are informed by bony anatomic landmarks viewed on digitally reconstructed radiographs.Here, we report on a 40-year-old woman who underwent a lumpectomy with axillary node dissection, followed by chemotherapy, completion mastectomy, and adjuvant locoregional radiotherapy (50 Gy in 25 fractions) for a multicentric pT1cN2aM0 invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast. At 9 months after radiotherapy, she presented with a palpable brachial lymph node, a major draining node of the upper extremity, in the axilla, abutting the previous anterior supraclavicular and axillary radiation fields. This occurrence highlights the potential superolateral border of the level i axillary nodal chain and its relationship to the upper extremity lymphatics via the brachial ("sentry") node. Adapting the delineated nodal target volume in locoregional radiotherapy of the breast for disease with extensive nodal involvement or other high-risk pathologic indications may be warranted in certain situations. Careful imaging and an informed discussion with the patient is needed before deciding to treat the sentry node and including the acromial-clavicular joints, balanced with the potential increased risk of lymphedema.
Experience Report on the Challenges and Opportunities in Securing Smartphones Against Zero-Click Attacks (2022)

Zero-click attacks require no user interaction and typically exploit zero-day (i.e., unpatched) vulnerabilities in instant chat applications (such as WhatsApp and iMessage) to gain root access to the victim's smartphone and exfiltrate sensitive data. In this paper, we report our experiences in attempting to secure smartphones against zero-click attacks. We approached the problem by first enumerating several properties we believed were necessary to prevent zero-click attacks against smartphones. Then, we created a security design that satisfies all the identified properties, and attempted to build it using off-the-shelf components. Our key idea was to shift the attack surface from the user's smartphone to a sandboxed virtual smartphone ecosystem where each chat application runs in isolation. Our performance and usability evaluations of the system we built highlighted several shortcomings and the fundamental challenges in securing modern smartphones against zero-click attacks. In this experience report, we discuss the lessons we learned, and share insights on the missing components necessary to achieve foolproof security against zero-click attacks for modern mobile devices.
pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Images (2020)

We propose pixelNeRF, a learning framework that predicts a continuous neural scene representation conditioned on one or few input images. The existing approach for constructing neural radiance fields involves optimizing the representation to every scene independently, requiring many calibrated views and significant compute time. We take a step towards resolving these shortcomings by introducing an architecture that conditions a NeRF on image inputs in a fully convolutional manner. This allows the network to be trained across multiple scenes to learn a scene prior, enabling it to perform novel view synthesis in a feed-forward manner from a sparse set of views (as few as one). Leveraging the volume rendering approach of NeRF, our model can be trained directly from images with no explicit 3D supervision. We conduct extensive experiments on ShapeNet benchmarks for single image novel view synthesis tasks with held-out objects as well as entire unseen categories. We further demonstrate the flexibility of pixelNeRF by demonstrating it on multi-object ShapeNet scenes and real scenes from the DTU dataset. In all cases, pixelNeRF outperforms current state-of-the-art baselines for novel view synthesis and single image 3D reconstruction. For the video and code, please visit the project website: https://alexyu.net/pixelnerf
Participation of PI3K and atypical PKC in Na+-K+-pump stimulation by IGF-I in VSMC (1999)

The activity of the Na+-K+-pump is intricately linked to the maintenance of vascular tone. Here we demonstrate that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) increases Na+-K+-pump activity in the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) clone A7r5 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This stimulatory effect of IGF-I was prevented by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein (5 microM) and by the specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors wortmannin (100 nM) and LY-294002 (25 microM). IGF-I activated a wortmannin-sensitive PI3K and its purported effector, the atypical protein kinase C (PKC)-zeta. Stimulation of PKC-zeta was prevented by the generic PKC inhibitor GF109203x (bisindolylmaleimide, 10 microM). Downregulation of diacylglycerol-sensitive (conventional and novel) PKCs by 24-h pretreatment with 1 microM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate had no effect on IGF-I-stimulated Na+-K+-pump activity. Similarly, inhibition of only conventional and novel PKCs with GF109203x (1 microM) had no effect on IGF-I-stimulated Na+-K+-pump activity. In contrast, a concentration of GF109203x (10 microM) that also inhibits the atypical PKCs abolished Na+-K+-pump stimulation by IGF-I. Neither the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter inhibitor bumetanide (100 microM) nor the Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitor HOE-694 (5 microM) affected the Na+-K+-pump stimulation by IGF-I, suggesting that a rise in intracellular Na+ concentration is not necessary for increased Na+-K+-pump activity. These results suggest that IGF-I directly stimulates the Na+-K+ pump via a signaling pathway involving PI3K and atypical PKC (zeta).
Abstract 196: UHRF1 is upregulated in prostate cancer and induces epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes (2010)

Abstract Cancer of the prostate is the most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer death in Europe and North America. At the present there is a need to understand the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this disease and discover alternative therapeutic targets. UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like protein containing PHD and RING domains 1), a nuclear RING finger protein, has been previously reported to acts as a dominant negative effectors of cell growth. UHRF1 is involved in epigenetic mechanisms by virtue of its interaction with DNMTs and HMTs. In this study, analysis of gene expression profiles of prostate tumors and normal prostate showed that UHRF1 is frequently over-expressed in tumors compared to normal tissues. UHRF1 expression was very low in immortalized prostate epithelial cells (LH) while it was higher in the Ras transformed counterpart LHSR cells. Furthermore, we observed low level of UHRF1 in the androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and 22Rv1, while higher levels were present in the androgen-independent cell lines PC3 and DU145. These data suggested that over-expression of UHRF1 is associated with malignant transformation and prostate cancer progression. To understand the role of UHRF1 we performed knockdown experiments with UHRF1 specific siRNA. Transient transfection in PC3 cells reduced UHRF1 mRNA and protein level. UHRF1 knock-down resulted in reversion of the transformed phenotype with significant inhibition of clonogenic growth in anchorage dependent and independent condition. Reversion of the transformed phenotype occurred concomitantly with restoration of the expression of several tumor suppressor genes relevant for prostate differentiation, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition such as CDH1 and RARB2. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed binding of UHRF1 to these gene promoter and UHRF1 knockdown resulted in significant reduction of repressive histone marks on gene promoters. These studies suggest that deregulated UHRF1 expression results in epigenetic silencing of relevant tumor suppressor genes, contributing to prostate cancer progression. Targeting UHRF1 may result in re-expression of tumor suppressor genes and thus may be a valid strategy for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 196.
Surgical Navigation Based on Fluoroscopy—Clinical Application for Computer-Assisted Distal Locking of Intramedullary Implants (2000)

AbstractObjective: Fluoroscopy is used to guide surgical instruments during orthopedic procedures. Radiation exposure and lack of spatial information are drawbacks of this method. Improvements are expected when fluoroscopy-based surgical navigation is used for intraoperative guidance, e.g., in computer-assisted distal locking of intramedullary implants.Patients and Methods: The method was applied to 42 interlocking procedures during implantation of the short proximal femoral nail in 27 patients with pertrochanteric femoral fractures. Precision of interlocking, exposure time, operating time, and number of personnel required for computer-assisted distal locking were recorded.Results: One misplaced interlocking screw was observed (2.3%), and contact between the drill bit and the nail during drilling was noticed in 8 cases (19%). The average exposure time was 16 seconds (range 4–42 seconds), and the procedure took an average of 43 min (range 20–70 min). The number of persons required for computer-assisted distal locking was reduced from three to one within the course of the study.Conclusions: Fluoroscopy-based surgical navigation provided precise intraoperative guidance for computer-assisted distal locking with minimal use of fluoroscopy. The complex system and related procedure times may be drawbacks in this application. Clinical studies are underway to define implants and surgical procedures where intraoperative guidance by fluoroscopy-based surgical navigation is beneficial for the patient and/or surgeon.Key Words: distal lockingradiation exposurehit ratefluoroscopyimage-guided surgeryintramedullary implantcomputer-assisted orthopedic surgeryinternal fixation