gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THEORY OF AXIAL PLANE REORIENTATION IN LIQUID CRYSTALS OF NEMATIC TYPE (1970)

A general solution to the axial plane problems in a linear theory of liquid crystals of nematic type is obtained in terms of analytic functions. The solution makes tractable a class of problems which may lend themselves to the determination of material constants that appear in both the linear and non-linear theories, and thus may be of interest to experimenters in the field. Several representative problems are solved. For one of these problems, an explicit expression is obtained for the material constant k4 (= k24in the Oseen-Frank theory) in terms of the other material constants and two reorientation measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Recovery of Carbonyl Compounds from N,N‐Dialkylhydrazones (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stability of Juice Beverages as Affected by Pectinmethylesterase (2003)

Orange juice concentrates are often used as a base in juice blends with other fruit juice beverages as well as milk drinks. Enrichment of juices and other beverages with minerals in addition to the use of concentrates from citrus, kiwi, mango, passion fruit and other fruits provide a ready source of tailored juice beverages that are high in phytochemicals; however, mixed juices or juice blends are often not stable upon blending or storage. Pectinmethylesterase (PME) is responsible for blockwise de-esterification of pectin and is implicated in clarification of citrus juices and juice-containing beverages by initiating the formation of calcium reactive pectic acid. Since cloud instability or clarification is a major defect affecting the appearance of juices and concentrates, identification of the causative factors relevant to the juice and nutritional beverage industry is appropriate.
STUDY OF KINETIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFICIENCY OF SEPARATION OF TRANSPLUTONIUM AND RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS DURING THE EXTRACTION BY DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHOSPHORIC ACID (1985)

ABSTRACT The kinetics of the extraction of transplutonium and rare-earth elements with HDEHP from solutions of different complex-forming reagents has been studied. The possibility of the Improvement of intragroup separation of these elements with the use of dynamic factors has been demonstrated
Modeling of Mold Filling Process of Al Casting and Validation with X-Ray In-Situ Observation (2006)

To describe the shape and location of free surfaces in the mold filling simulation, parameters including volume filled ratio, surface dimensionless distance, and surface filled ratio for the DFDM (Direct Finite Difference Method) elements were proposed. A model of mold filling process was established, considering the mass, momentum and heat transfer in the vicinity of free surface. It had been applied to an experimental Al casting. In-situ observation and record of actual mold filling process of the casting with special X-ray apparatus were carried out, and were used to validate the simulation results. The validation showed that the model could predict the mold filling process well. It was found that back pressure of gas in the mould cavity had minor effect on change of liquid flow when using pressurized feeding system and sand mould with good air permeability.
Characterization of Mammary Cells Co‐expressing Separate Lineage Markers (2020)

Epithelial cell hierarchy is a highly disputed topic in mammary gland biology. Studying the differentiation potential among cell types within the mammary gland is crucial for understanding normal development and would inform studies in tumorigenesis on a molecular and cellular level. Our recent study uncovers alterations occurring in the aging mouse mammary gland by utilizing single‐cell RNA‐sequencing to study the transcriptomic changes that occur between young and aged mice. From this data, we identified a cluster of luminal cells that expressed canonical lineage markers for two cell types, hormone‐sensing (HS) and alveolar (AV) cells, and that these HS‐AV cells decrease in abundance with age. The co‐expression of these markers contests the presently accepted epithelial hierarchy, as the HS and AV cells are currently thought to be maintained by separate pools of unipotent progenitor cells. Here, we characterized these murine HS‐AV cells by their gene expression pattern consisting of canonical HS and AV markers and confirmed their presence using immunofluorescence staining. In these stainings, we used two sets of canonical HS and AV markers to show co‐localization of both types in single cells, thus uncovering their histological localization within the luminal layer. We further quantified the abundance of these cells and confirmed the population’s decrease with age. Additionally, we have examined human tissues for the presence of HS‐AV cells and have confirmed their existence in the human mammary gland. Future multi‐variate analysis on a larger set of human samples is needed to determine the correlation of HS‐AV cell abundance with age in human mammary glands, as confounding factors such as history of pregnancy, family history, or environmental factors makes it challenging to exclusively analyze the age‐dependent effect on the cell type’s population size. Finally, the lineage relationship of HS‐AV cells to HS and AV cells remains unclear. We are performing functional experiments on isolated HS‐AV cells in order to study their differentiation lineages in vitro as organoid cultures. Unmasking the function of these cells within the normal mammary gland could provide significant insight into the study of the mammary epithelial differentiation hierarchy. A better understanding of this previously less well understood cell type may improve our fundamental knowledge of mammary cell states during normal physiology. Given that the mammary gland is a major organ for cancer development, a more detailed understanding of its cell states may also inform mechanisms of disease development. Support or Funding Information Susan G. Komen Postdoctoral Fellowship, Croucher Postdoctoral Fellowship (CML), NIH F31 Fellowship (GKG), Hope Funds Postdoctoral Fellowship, Marsha Rivkin Center for Ovarian Cancer Research (YO), Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Donor‐Advised Fund, Silicon Valley Community Foundation, NHGRI Career Development Award (LP), Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation, and Breast Cancer Research Foundation (JSB).
Should Varicella-Zoster Virus Culture Be Eliminated? A Comparison of Direct Immunofluorescence Antigen Detection, Culture, and PCR, with a Historical Review (2012)

A comparison of direct fluorescent-antibody assay (DFA), culture, and two PCR assays disclosed sensitivities of 87.8%, 46.3%, and 97.6% and 100%, respectively. We reviewed 1,150 results for clinical specimens submitted for DFA and culture and found that only 17 were culture positive/DFA negative. The incremental cost to detect these 17 positives was $3,078/specimen.
Towards Ontology-Based Question Answering in Vague Domains (2014)

The rapid growth of the Semantic Web in the last years has led to the emergence of Ontology-Based Question Answering systems, namely systems that exploit the ontological structure of data in order to interpret and answer natural language questions. In this paper, we are interested in question answering scenarios where both semantic data and user questions can be characterized by vagueness and we propose a novel framework that is able to handle this vagueness by means of fuzzy ontologies.
A MMORPG Game Scenario Development with Script DB (2006)

The game has both directionalities that users are to choose and act accordingly. In this regard, the game scenario goes beyond just conveying the story, and trains users and guide them in playing the Same. However, this Same scenario is huge in size and every event is linked with each other so that it was rather difficult to have it made in practice. A study proposes that a script, the minimum unit, is built into a database, and based on which, quests are made, then the resulting quests are built back into a database. Scripts are classified into text, graphic and sound type and these are positioned in accordance with the quest structure. With this method, one can re-use the existing scenarios and can overcome the negatives of irregular qualities of scenarios.
Analysis of hydrocarbon in auto emissions by APCI/MS/MS with an RF plasma source (1994)

Measurement of hydrocarbons in automotive exhausts has been a major task for automotive industries and environmental agencies. Since hydrocarbons emitted from auto exhausts are air toxic, analysis of hydrocarbons in auto emissions is essential to meet the EPA standards, and is important for studying factors affecting combustion and catalysis efficiencies of the vehicle. Current standards require methods capable of on-line real time measurements of individual hydrocarbons at low concentrations. Due to its high sensitivity, fast analysis and MS/MS capability, tandem mass spectrometry with a triple quadrupole using an APCI source has become the method of choice. APCI/MS/MS analysis of individual aromatic compounds with a corona discharge ion source has been reported by Dearth et al. The RF plasma, a newly developed low power high discharge current APCI source, has the capability of producing larger linear dynamic range and higher sensitivity, and may be more suitable for the analysis of mixtures. RF plasma detection of hydrocarbons (both aromatic and aliphatic) has shown excellent soft ionization and sensitivity. As an application, the authors used this new method to analyze hydrocarbons in an auto emission sample.
Nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli thymidine kinase gene provides evidence for conservation of functional domains and quaternary structure (1991)

Using lambda bacteriophage clones from the Kohara Escherichia coli library spanning minutes 25.5 to 28.5 on the E. coli chromosome (strain W3110), two overlapping DNA fragments were identified which were able to confer thymidine kinase (TK) enzyme activity to a TK- strain of E. coli (KY895). This genetic complementation assay was used in concert with subcloning procedures to identify the minimal region (a 900 bp EcoRI-SalI fragment) which contained the E. coli thymidine kinase gene (tdk). The nucleotide sequence of the EcoRI-SalI fragment and a small portion of the adjoining downstream fragment was determined. Computer analysis of the derived sequence indicated the presence of a rightward-reading open reading frame of 615 bp which was capable of encoding a 205-amino-acid polypeptide with a predicted Mr of 23458 daltons. The in vivo transcriptional activity of this locus was confirmed by Northern blot hybridization analysis of RNA isolated from E. coli JM101 or KY895 which detected a 650-nucleotide RNA transcribed from this region. This places the tdk gene at approximately minute 27.35 on the E. coli W3110 chromosome, about 15 kb downstream from the narG locus and approximately 25 kb upstream of the trp operon. Although the predicted Mr of the E. coli TK protein was 23.5 kDa, gel-filtration analyses suggested that, like eukaryotic thymidine kinases, the active form of this enzyme is a multimeric complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Glucose versus fructose metabolism in the liver measured with deuterium metabolic imaging (2023)

The worldwide increase in sugar consumption is a major health concern. The contribution of fructose to the epidemic of metabolic disorders is controversial. This study investigated differences between glucose and fructose metabolism in the liver using dynamic deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI). Deuterium signal time curves after bolus injection and slow infusion were successfully acquired and showed different patterns. It was found that the peak concentration and conversion of deuterated glucose was different from that of fructose, indicating faster turnover of the latter. Overall, these methods could potentially lead to better understanding of healthy liver metabolism and aberrations in metabolic diseases.
A Designer Water Process for Offshore Low Salinity and Polymer Flooding Applications (2010)

Abstract Low salinity water flooding is getting much wider attention in the oil industry since it is highly cost-competitive compared to other conventional EOR methods. Water desalination and hardness removal are the keys to its success for effective oil recovery. However, conventional seawater desalination methods provide almost fresh waters that could be incompatible with resident reservoir clays and hence may not be suitable for direct injection into the reservoir. In this paper, we describe a novel "designer water" desalination scheme that is capable of providing the desired injection water composition to suit the specific formation. Thus, this process could potentially avoid clay-swelling, and at the same time mitigating other critical issues such as reservoir souring and unfavourable wettability modification to more oil-wet state. Selected examples are given to conceptually demonstrate how various water streams generated in the designer water process would help to move the injection water quality point away from the clay flocculation region for different reservoir clay types. Polymer flooding is another promising avenue for low salinity water applications. The use of low salinity water in polymer flooding processes considerably reduces the amount of dosing chemicals required to achieve a target polymer solution viscosity. This favourably impacts chemical procurement, transportation, storage, and handling (mixing and hydration) requirements and operating costs in offshore environments. The effect of injection water salinity on polymer concentration requirements is shown for different polymer solution viscosities. These data indicate about 5-10 times lower consumption of polymer in low salinity water when compared to seawater. As a result, a high-level facility engineering study was performed to assess the cost savings associated with low salinity water in offshore polymer flooding. The study results show that polymer flooding with low salinity water is economically more beneficial compared to seawater polymer flooding. It could be possible to pay out the incremental desalination costs within a 4-year project time frame due to the large savings associated with chemical costs and polymer facilities costs in low salinity polymer flooding. When the reservoir fits the criteria for low salinity flooding, then the additive effect of lower waterflood remaining oil saturation compounds with the benefit of polymer flood improved oil recovery due to better reservoir sweep. This means that low salinity water flooding can synergize well with polymer flooding to drive unit technical cost down and oil recoveries up.
On the optimum ring ratio determination for 16-DAPSK modulation in OFDM systems (2014)

In this paper the multilevel modulation techniques of 16-Differential Amplitude Phase Shift Keying (16-DAPSK) with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been proposed with the optimum ring ratio in flat Rayleigh fading channel. By this way best Bit Error Rate (BER) performance is achieved in 16-DAPSK-OFDM systems. BER derivation and the proposed system simulation results show that optimum ring ratio is obviously different for flat Rayleigh fading channel than AWGN channel. It is concluded the proposed optimum ring ratio between [2.0,2.6] can be a promising choice to achieve optimum BER performance for 16DAPSK-OFDM in flat Rayleigh fading channels.
Expression of interleukin-5 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in cervical carcinoma (2009)

Interleukin-5 (IL-5) levels were significantly higher in vaginal washing fluids from patients with cervical carcinoma than in those from patients with carcinoma in situ and controls. Tumor necrosis factor alpha levels did not differ among the three groups. Detection of IL-5 in cervical secretions may be a useful marker for evaluating aggressive local immune response in cervical carcinoma.
Preventing overpressure hazards from trapped liquids (2010)

Abstract We examine the overlooked hazards posed by thermal expansion of trapped liquids in piping systems. Trapped liquids can generate large pressure increases with only modest temperature changes. This is a phenomenon that is often overlooked or dismissed as being of small consequence. This article discusses a simple model for estimating the overpressure hazard from thermal expansion and illustrates its use with some typical liquids encountered in heat‐transfer systems. The control of these overpressure hazards is discussed in terms of applicable safety guidelines and standards. We then illustrate the hazard of heating trapped liquids with a case study. We show that the basic cause of this catastrophic failure could have been avoided by following applicable safety standards in conjunction with a process hazard analysis of the entire system during the design phase. Our findings underscore two important design guidelines: (1) install a pressure relief device wherever liquid can be trapped and subjected to heating and (2) verify that each component of the piping system that can be isolated from pressure relief satisfies the design pressure. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
Short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency associated with hyperinsulinism: a novel glucose–fatty acid cycle? (2003)

Hyperinsulinism of infancy is caused by inappropriate insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells, even when blood glucose is low. Several molecular defects are known to cause hyperinsulinism of infancy, such as K(ATP) channelopathies and regulatory defects of glucokinase and glutamate dehydrogenase. Although defects of fatty acid oxidation have not previously been known to cause hyperinsulinism, patients with deficiency in SCHAD (short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; an enzyme of mitochondrial beta-oxidation) have hyperinsulinism. A novel link between fatty acid oxidation and insulin secretion may explain hyperinsulinism in these patients.
Photoresponsive Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Detection of Profenofos in Tomato and Mangosteen (2020)

As a moderately toxic organophosphorus pesticide, profenofos (PFF) is widely used in agricultural practice, resulting in the accumulation of a high amount of PFF in agricultural products and the environment. This will inevitably damage our health. Therefore, it is important to establish a convenient and sensitive method for the detection of PFF. This paper reports a photoresponsive surface-imprinted polymer based on poly(styrene-<i>co</i>-methyl acrylic acid) (PS-<i>co</i>-PMAA@PSMIPs) for the detection of PFF by using carboxyl-capped polystyrene microspheres (PS-<i>co</i>-PMAA), PFF, 4-((4-(methacryloyloxy)phenyl)diazenyl) benzoic acid, and triethanolamine trimethacrylate as the substrate, template, functional monomer, and cross-linker, respectively. PS-<i>co</i>-PMAA@PSMIP shows good photoresponsive properties in DMSO/H<sub>2</sub>O (3:1, v/v). Its photoisomerization rate constant exhibits a good linear relationship with PFF concentration in the range of 0~15 μmol/L. PS-<i>co</i>-PMAA@PSMIP was applied for the determination of PFF in spiked tomato and mangosteen with good recoveries ranging in 94.4-102.4%.
Hidden Automotive Antenna Performance and Simulation (2006)

A new printed antenna system mounted in an aperture in the roof of a car is evaluated for broadcast signal reception from 88-108 MHz. Results from simulations on the vehicle are compared with measurements. The overall performance of the antenna is also compared to common types of vehicle antennas, the roof monopole and a glass based antenna. Overall the average gain of the antennas was better than -3 dBi for vertical polarization and -10 dBi for horizontal while the input return loss was generally better than -2 dB before matching sections in the tuners and comparable with common automotive antennas. The antennas in the roof aperture offer an alternative place to mount antennas on automobiles
Understanding and Modeling the Temperature Behavior of Hot-Carrier Degradation in SiON nMOSFETs (2015)

Using our physics-based model for hot-carrier degradation (HCD), we analyze the temperature behavior of HCD in nMOSFETs with a channel length of 44 nm. It was observed that, contrary to most previous findings, the linear drain current change (AId,lin) measured during hot-carrier stress in these devices appears to be lower at higher temperatures. However, the difference between the AId,lin values obtained at different temperatures decreases as the stress voltage increases. This trend is attributed to the single-carrier process of Si-H bond rupture, which is enhanced by the electron-electron scattering. We also consider another important modeling aspect, namely, the vibrational life-time of the Si-H bond, which also depends on the temperature. We finally show that our HCD model can successfully capture the temperature behavior of HCD with physically reasonable parameters.
Sequential acid and enzymic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp (1987)

Abstract Fermentable sugars from beet pulp were obtained in a two‐stage hydrolytic process. The first stage involved mild acid treatment to hydrolyze the hemicellulose, producing a pentose‐rich syrup and a cellulose‐rich fraction. The second stage was the enzymic saccharification of the cellulose fraction with fungal cellulases to produce a glucose‐rich syrup. The acid hydrolysis stage was evaluated to optimize the type of acid, acid concentration, temperature and reaction time. Solubilization was markedly temperature‐dependent, whereas the specificity of hemicellulose degradation depended on the type of acid utilized. The effects of different reaction times, enzyme‐to‐substrate ratios and particle sizes on the enzymic stage were studied. Both saccharification rate and the extent of final conversion to glucose were markedly affected by the enzyme‐to‐substrate ratio. Sugars recovered from the enzymic degradation of cellulose were partially fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 4126.
Plasma cortisol and white blood cell responses in different breeds of bulls: a comparison of two methods of castration (1995)

To determine plasma cortisol and white blood cell response to castration, Angus (n = 12, 21.4 mo of age), Hereford (n = 6, 21.2 mo of age), and Brahman (n = 24, 20.3 mo of age) bulls nearing maturity were either left intact as uncastrated controls (CON), surgically castrated (SUR) after lidocaine, or castrated by latex rubber banding (BAN). Before and through 35 d after castration (castration = d 0), animals were weighed and blood samples were collected for analysis of cortisol and total white blood cell (WBC) count at 2-, 3-, or 7-d intervals. There was a treatment x breed interaction for ADG from d 0 to 7 (P < .05). From d 0 to 14, 0 to 21, 0 to 28, and 0 to 35, ADG tended to be lower for SUR and BAN animals than for CON animals (castrated vs CON, P < or = .13). No significant differences in ADG were observed between SUR and BAN animals during these times. On d 0, from just before treatment to just after treatment, plasma cortisol concentration increased 3.2 ng/mL for SUR and .1 ng/mL for BAN (SEM = +/- .5 ng/mL; SUR vs BAN, P < .03). From d 0 pretreatment to d 2 after treatment, plasma cortisol concentration increased 1.5 ng/mL for castrated (SUR = 2.0 and BAN = 1.1 ng/mL) and decreased 1.6 ng/mL for CON (SEM = +/- .7 ng/mL; P < .04). Plasma cortisol concentration was negatively correlated (P < .001) with BW (r = -.17) and BW change (r = -.19).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)