gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Motion Patterns of People for Compliant Robot Motion (2005)

Whenever people move through their environments they do not move randomly. Instead, they usually follow specific trajectories or motion patterns corresponding to their intentions. Knowledge about such patterns enables a mobile robot to robustly keep track of persons in its environment and to improve its behavior. In this paper we propose a technique for learning collections of trajectories that characterize typical motion patterns of persons. Data recorded with laser-range finders are clustered using the expectation maximization algorithm. Based on the result of the clustering process, we derive a hidden Markov model that is applied to estimate the current and future positions of persons based on sensory input. We also describe how to incorporate the probabilistic belief about the potential trajectories of persons into the path planning process of a mobile robot. We present several experiments carried out in different environments with a mobile robot equipped with a laser-range scanner and a camera system. The results demonstrate that our approach can reliably learn motion patterns of persons, can robustly estimate and predict positions of persons, and can be used to improve the navigation behavior of a mobile robot.
Peak and average pressure correlations and their ratio at different plantar regions of the foot (2013)

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Assessing the non‐motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: MDS‐UPDRS and NMS Scale (2013)

(i) MDS-UPDRS Part I (nM-EDL) and NMSS showed a strong convergent validity; (ii) however, transformed scores using the equations from weighted regression models showed that for patients with the most severe NMS they are not concordant.
Molecular biology of the 2-haloacid halidohydrolase IVa from Pseudomonas cepacia MBA4 (1992)

The structural gene (hdl IVa) for the Pseudomonas cepacia MBA4 2-haloacid halidohydrolase IVa (Hdl IVa) was isolated on a 1.6 kb fragment of Ps. cepacia MBA4 chromosomal DNA. The recombinant halidohydrolase was expressed in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida and the structural gene was subcloned on to the tac expression vector pBTac1. High-level expression from the tac promoter was seen to be temperature-dependent, a consequence of the nucleotide sequence adjacent to the fragment encoding the halidohydrolase. The nucleotide sequence of the fragment encoding the Hdl IVa was determined and analysed. Three ATG codons were identified in one of the open reading frames and the one corresponding to the start of the hdl IVa structural gene was determined by comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences with the experimentally determined N-terminal sequences of halidohydrolase IVa. The hdl IVa gene encoded a 231-amino acid-residue protein of M(r) 25,900. The sequence and predicted structural data are discussed and comparison is made with sequence data for other halidohydrolases.
a-Si:H/SiO_2 multilayer films fabricated by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering for optical filters (2004)

We examined the optical properties of a-Si:H/SiO2 multilayer films fabricated by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering for optical bandpass filters (BPFs). Because of the high refractive-index contrast between a-Si:H and SiO2, the total number of layers of an a-Si:H/SiO2 multilayer can be relatively small. We obtained an a-Si:H refractive index of 3.6 at lambda = 1550 nm and its extinction coefficient k < 1 x 10(-4) and confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy that such small k is influenced by the Si-H bonding in the film. We fabricated a-Si:H/SiO2 BPFs by using in situ optical monitoring. Thermal tuning of a-Si:H/SiO2 BPF upon a silica substrate was also performed, and a thermal tunability coefficient of 0.07 nm/degree C was obtained.
3D‐Printed Electrodes with Improved Mass Transport Properties (2017)

Abstract Today's electrochemical reactor design is a less developed discipline as compared to electrocatalytic synthesis. Although catalysts show increasing conversion rates, they are often operated without measures for the reduction of concentration polarization effects. As a result, a stagnant boundary layer forms at the electrode‐electrolyte interface. This stagnant boundary layer presents an additional voltage drop and reduces the energy efficiency. It is generally accepted that this phenomenon is caused by a combination of fast electrode reactions and slow diffusion of the reacting species. Our earlier work demonstrated the potential of non‐conducting static mixers to reduce concentration polarization effects. However, there are few studies on conductive static mixers applied as electrodes. In this study, we present a new concept of additive manufactured flow through electrode mixers. Our electrode geometry combines a high surface area with mixing properties, diminishing concentration polarization effects of transport‐limited reactions. Mass transport properties of these conductive static mixers are evaluated in an additive manufactured electrochemical reactor under controlled conditions by applying the limiting‐current method.
Multinuclear NMR of Calcium Fructoborate Complex – Structure, Stability, and Quantitation in the Presence of Other Ingredients, Excipients or Adulterants (2014)

&lt;p&gt;FruiteX-B&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt;- calcium fructoborate (FrxB) plant mineral complex was investigated in this study. Although calcium fructoborate is naturally-occurring and found in commonly ingested fruits and vegetables, the commercially produced FrxB calcium fructoborate complex is formed by a proprietary reaction of boric acid with fructose and calcium carbonate. Liquid and solid-state &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C and &lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;B NMR were utilized in order to establish a baseline standard of FrxB for product quality purposes, to establish a reliable methodology to positively identify and quantify amounts of FrxB present in tablets and capsules, liquids and powdered blends wherein the FrxB may have been mixed with other ingredients, excipients, or adulterants such as maltodextrin or magnesium stearate, and to establish a robust and reliable testing method for the identification and quantification of the mono- and the di-complexes of calcium fructoborate as well as any free borate and/or free fructose that may be present. The molar ratio of the various components of calcium fructoborate was studied by &lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;B and &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C NMR in order to establish the relative amounts of free borate, free fructose, and mono-ester/di-ester complex present in the material. A quantitative &lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;B NMR method was developed to enable quantification of the amount of FrxB present in products wherein it had been tableted or encapsulated in combination with other dietary supplement ingredients, or excipients such as magnesium stearate or maltodextrin. A quantitative &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C NMR method was developed to quantify free fructose content in the complex. Finally, an NMR based product stability study was performed to monitor molecular level stability of the complex at temperatures ranging from 35-70 ºC with exposures lasting from 2-18 hours.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
Stereodefined acyclic trisubstituted metal enolates towards the asymmetric formation of quaternary carbon stereocentres (2014)

Reactions that involve metal enolate species are amongst the most versatile carbon-carbon bond forming processes available to synthetic chemists. Enolate species are involved in a multitude of powerful applications in asymmetric organic synthesis, but the generation of fully substituted enolates in a geometrically defined form is not easily achieved especially in acyclic systems. In this Feature Article we focus on the most prominent examples reported in the literature describing the formation of highly diastereo- and enantiomerically enriched quaternary stereocentres in acyclic molecules derived from stereodefined non-cyclic trisubstituted metal enolates.
Rate distortion optimal adaptive quantization and qoefficient thresholding for MPEG coding (2002)

This paper presents an MPEG..2 compatible adaptive quan tization algorithm that leads to the optimal encoding of I-frames in the sense of maximizing PSNR. It integrates three key features into a single Lagrangian optimization model: adaptive quantization including\nquantizer-change overhead consideration, coefficient thresholding, and a new coefficient amplitude reduction technique. Our results show that Iframes generated by the TM5 reference encoder are about 1.5-2.0 dB below the theoretical optimum.
Surface phonons and thec(2×2)oxygen overlayer on Ni(100): Theory and experiment (1984)

This paper presents and discusses experimental studies of surface phonons and surface-resonance modes along the line from $\overline{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ to $\overline{X}$ in the two-dimensional Brillouin zone, for the Ni(100) surface covered by a $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ overlayer of oxygen. The data are obtained through use of off-specular electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. We also discuss data for the $p(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ and $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ overlayers, and beyond the $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ overlayer where evidence of NiO formation is present. Through these spectra, the criterion for ensuring a clean $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ structure is discussed. We interpret the surface-mode dispersion data for the $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ overlayer successfully within the framework of a simple model which places the overlayer 0.9 \AA{} above the surface; we cannot reconcile the data with the low-lying oxygen model discussed in earlier work. We discuss three types of lateral interactions between adsorbates, and the manner in which they influence the data: indirect interactions between adsorbates mediated by substrate atoms, direct short-ranged lateral interactions between nearest neighbors, and long-ranged dipole-dipole coupling.
A Unification of LoS, Non-LoS, and Quasi-LoS Signal Propagation in Wireless Channels (2022)

The modeling of wireless communication channels is often broken down into two distinct states, defined according to the optical viewpoints of the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) antennas, namely, line-of-sight (LoS) and non-LoS (NLoS). Movement of the TX, RX, both and/or objects in the surrounding environment means that channel conditions may transition between LoS and NLoS leading to a third state of signal propagation, namely, quasi-LoS (QLoS). Unfortunately, this state is largely ignored in the analysis of signal propagation in wireless channels. We, therefore, propose a new statistical framework that unifies signal propagation for LoS, NLoS, and QLoS channel conditions, leading to the creation of the three-state model (TSM). The TSM has a strong physical motivation, whereby the signal propagation mechanisms underlying each state are considered to be similar to those responsible for Rician fading. However, in the TSM, the dominant signal component, if present, can be subject to shadowing. To support the use of the TSM, we develop novel formulations for the probability density functions of the in-phase and quadrature components of the complex received signal, the received signal envelope, and the received signal phase. In addition, we derive an expression for the complex autocorrelation function of the TSM, which will be of particular importance in understanding and simulating its time correlation properties. Finally, we show that the TSM provides a good fit to field measurements obtained for two different body-centric wireless channels operating at 2.45 GHz, which are known to be subject to the phenomena underlying the TSM.
Prolonged winter undernutrition and the interpretation of urinary allantoin:creatinine ratios in white-tailed deer (2000)

The urinary allantoin:creatinine (A:C) ratio (expressed in micromoles of allantoin to micromoles of creatinine) has shown potential as an index of recent winter energy intake in preliminary controlled studies of elk (Cervus elaphus) involving mild condition deterioration (up to 11% loss of body mass). To ensure reliable nutritional assessments of free-ranging cervids by measuring A:C ratios of urine in snow, it is essential to extend this work. We assessed the effect of moderate and severe winter nutritional restriction on urinary A:C ratios of captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) that lost up to 32% body mass and related these ratios to metabolizable energy intake (MEI), body-mass loss, and other reported nutritional indicators. Deer in the control group were fed a low-protein, low-energy diet ad libitum, whereas deer in the treatment group were fed restricted amounts of the same diet. MEI was below the winter maintenance requirement for all deer, but was lower (P = 0.029) in treatment deer than in control deer. Percent body-mass loss differed between the two groups as the study progressed, and represented the full range of physiological tolerance (0-32% loss). Mean A:C ratios of control deer, which lost up to 17.4% body mass, showed a slight increasing (P = 0.086) trend, whereas initially similar A:C ratios of severely restricted deer increased (P = 0.0002) markedly by the eighth week (0.52 vs. 0.09 µmol:µmol). The urinary A:C ratio was not related (P = 0.839) to recent (2 days prior to urine sampling) MEI, but there was a marginally significant relation (r 2 = 0.42, P = 0.110) between the A:C ratio and cumulative percent mass loss. The urinary A:C ratio was directly related to urinary urea nitrogen:creatinine (r 2 = 0.59, P &lt; 0.0001) and 3-methylhistidine:creatinine (r 2 = 0.43, P &lt; 0.0001) ratios. This study confirms that elevated and increasing A:C ratios may be due either to increasing energy intake or to accelerated tissue catabolism and increased endogenous contributions to urinary allantoin excretion.
Dipole Source Analyses of Early Median Nerve SEP Components Obtained From Subdural Grid Recordings (2010)

The median nerve N20 and P22 SEP components constitute the initial response of the primary somatosensory cortex to somatosensory stimulation of the upper extremity. Knowledge of the underlying generators is important both for basic understanding of the initial sequence of cortical activation and to identify landmarks for eloquent areas to spare in resection planning of cortex in epilepsy surgery. We now set out to localize the N20 and P22 using subdural grid recording with special emphasis on the question of the origin of P22: Brodmann area 4 versus area 1. Electroencephalographic dipole source analysis of the N20 and P22 responses obtained from subdural grids over the primary somatosensory cortex after median nerve stimulation was performed in four patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. Based on anatomical landmarks, equivalent current dipoles of N20 and P22 were localized posterior to (n = 2) or on the central sulcus (n = 2). In three patients, the P22 dipole was located posterior to the N20 dipole, whereas in one patient, the P22 dipole was located on the same coordinate in anterior-posterior direction. On average, P22 sources were found to be 6.6 mm posterior [and 1 mm more superficial] compared with the N20 sources. These data strongly suggest a postcentral origin of the P22 SEP component in Brodmann area 1 and render a major precentral contribution to the earliest stages of processing from the primary motor cortex less likely.
A study on introduction of PSD model for field merged signal and its analysis (2002)

This paper describes a theoretical model of the power spectrum density (PSD) for a field-merged frame signal, and compares the efficiency between the field based coding, and frame-based coding that uses the field-merged signal. Recently, for the coding of interlace-scanned television signals, the field-merged signal is also used as an input signal to spatial coding process. However, the nature of PSD, which is an important basis for a high efficiency coding, is not clarified enough for the field-merged signal. For instance, there is no assurance of the optimality of the conventional techniques that are applied to the field-merged signal. The author has introduced a theoretical PSD model for the field-merged signal, and has clarified its properties in relation to the motion of the image. Using the model, the performance of frame based-coding has been calculated.
Diabetic Retinopathy (1996)

In recent decades, public health policy and practice have been increasingly challenged by globalization, even as global financing for health has increased dramatically. This article discusses globalization and its health challenges from a vantage of ...Read More
Hepatitis C virus: kinetics and quasispecies evolution during anti-viral therapy. (2000)

The balance of virus production and clearance for untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C changes into a decline of viraemia when initiating effective anti-viral treatment. During the first phase of interferon-alpha (IFN-a) therapy, the kinetics of the viral load is characterised by a rapid dose-dependent decline starting after a delay of about eight to nine hours. This early response can be observed for almost all patients treated with IFN-a. After about 24 to 48 hours, the viral decline slows down leading to a second phase with a relatively stable exponential decay. Some non-responding patients show a nearly constant viraemia and some even a rebound throughout this second phase. Kinetic models allow the estimation of rates of viral production and clearance and reveal high turnover rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and an in vivo half-life of hepatitis C virions of a few hours, only. Due to the continuous and high replication rate in vivo, the low fidelity of the ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase, and the immune surveillance of the host, HCV exists in an individual patient as a heterogeneous population of related viruses (quasispecies). A high degree of quasispecies variability correlates with a lower response to IFN-a therapy. Changes of the quasispecies population are more pronounced after initiation of treatment with IFN-a or interleukin-12 than during the natural course of disease. Ribavirin, however, has not been found to affect the HCV quasispecies population. Identification of a specific region within an envelope-encoding gene as the most variable region of HCV and as a critical neutralisation domain suggests that viral escape mechanisms are a possible cause for chronification and poses a major challenge for the development of a broadly reactive vaccine against HCV.
A 10 bit 50 MS/s CMOS D/A Converter with 2.7 V Power Supply (1993)

A 10-b video CMOS D/A converter for low supply voltage has been developed. Nonsaturating transistors and a new switching scheme are introduced to current sources in the D/A converter, which operates at 50 MS/s with a 2.7 V power supply. Integral linearity error and differential linearity error are less than 0.5 LSB and 0.25 LSB, respectively. The dependence of the linearity error on full-scale voltage is plotted. Device characteristics are summarized. >
Abstract B79: Proinflammatory cytokine profile of syngeneic models (2020)

Abstract Cytokines are central immunoregulators that play key roles in both the upregulation (initiation) and downregulation (turning off) immune responses. They are involved in the control of proliferation, cell survival, differentiation, immune cell activation, cell migration and death. In tumors, cytokines can be expressed by immune cells, stromal cells (fibroblast and endothelial cells), and tumor cells. Depending on the inflammatory state of the tumor microenvironment, they can modulate either an antitumoral response or help to induce cell transformation and malignancy. There is ample literature available for cytokine profiles of patient tumor and serum samples but few reports from mouse syngeneic models of cancer. Here, we describe our studies evaluating the cytokine profiles (systemic and intratumoral) of common syngeneic tumor models. We generated the profiles of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p70, interferon-gamma, CXCL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) for the most commonly used syngeneic models in immuno-oncology (MC38, B16F10, CT26, Colon26, Renca and 4T1). Data from naive mice and cell lines help to understand any changes to these cytokines in tumor-bearing animals naive to treatment. Additionally, we have treated MC38 tumor-bearing animals with two anti-mouse PD-1 clones and evaluated the cytokine responses at different time-points post treatment. We observed localized changes to the levels of some cytokines in the tumor microenvironment, followed by systemic cytokine alterations. The pretreatment cytokine profiles may help us with model selection to investigate immune and inflammatory modulators. In addition, understanding the cytokine responses during and after treatment can also provide insight into the mechanisms of action of immunomodulatory agents and provide hypotheses for combinations. Together, these findings could provide early information about immune infiltrates after treatment, and in the future could be of use as possible biomarkers of response or safety. Citation Format: Jolanta Dubauskaite, Laura Bradshaw, Ashley Merlino, Xianhui Rong, Connie Gee, Glenn Dranoff, Maria Pinzon-Ortiz. Proinflammatory cytokine profile of syngeneic models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B79.
Zebrafish Kit ligands cooperate with erythropoietin to promote erythroid cell expansion (2020)

Kit ligand (Kitlg) is pleiotropic cytokine with a prominent role in vertebrate erythropoiesis. Although the role of Kitlg in this process has not been reported in Danio rerio (zebrafish), in the present study we show that its function is evolutionarily conserved. Zebrafish possess 2 copies of Kitlg genes (Kitlga and Kitlgb) as a result of whole-genome duplication. To determine the role of each ligand in zebrafish, we performed a series of ex vivo and in vivo gain- and loss-of-function experiments. First, we tested the biological activity of recombinant Kitlg proteins in suspension culture from zebrafish whole-kidney marrow, and we demonstrate that Kitlga is necessary for expansion of erythroid progenitors ex vivo. To further address the role of kitlga and kitlgb in hematopoietic development in vivo, we performed gain-of-function experiments in zebrafish embryos, showing that both ligands cooperate with erythropoietin (Epo) to promote erythroid cell expansion. Finally, using the kita mutant (kitab5/b5 or sparse), we show that the Kita receptor is crucial for Kitlga/b cooperation with Epo in erythroid cells. In summary, using optimized suspension culture conditions with recombinant cytokines (Epo, Kitlga), we report, for the first time, ex vivo suspension cultures of zebrafish hematopoietic progenitor cells that can serve as an indispensable tool to study normal and aberrant hematopoiesis in zebrafish. Furthermore, we conclude that, although partial functional diversification of Kit ligands has been described in other processes, in erythroid development, both paralogs play a similar role, and their function is evolutionarily conserved.