gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lattice of C points at intensity nulls (2018)

The dependence of fringe contrast on the state of polarization (SOP) can be altered when more than two beams interfere, and it is possible to achieve high contrast fringes. We use a six-pinhole interferometer, in which a judicious choice (but not unique) of SOPs for the interfering beams is made to realize the lattice of C points at intensity nulls. These dark C points occur due to overlapping of singularities. These are not simply a minor variation of bright C points, in which the intensity dims to zero, but are poorly understood, unusual objects in their own right. A discussion on Stokes intensity degeneracy is presented. In the ellipticity distributions, it is shown that V points occur at nulls, whereas C points occur at extrema. It is shown that destructive interference of two right (left) handed bright C points can result in a left (right) handed dark C point.
Statistical Comparison Framework and Visualization Scheme for Ranking-Based Algorithms in High-Throughput Genome-Wide Studies (2009)

As a first step in analyzing high-throughput data in genome-wide studies, several algorithms are available to identify and prioritize candidates lists for downstream fine-mapping. The prioritized candidates could be differentially expressed genes, aberrations in comparative genomics hybridization studies, or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in association studies. Different analysis algorithms are subject to various experimental artifacts and analytical features that lead to different candidate lists. However, little research has been carried out to theoretically quantify the consensus between different candidate lists and to compare the study specific accuracy of the analytical methods based on a known reference candidate list. Within the context of genome-wide studies, we propose a generic mathematical framework to statistically compare ranked lists of candidates from different algorithms with each other or, if available, with a reference candidate list. To cope with the growing need for intuitive visualization of high-throughput data in genome-wide studies, we describe a complementary customizable visualization tool. As a case study, we demonstrate application of our framework to the comparison and visualization of candidate lists generated in a DNA-pooling based genome-wide association study of CEPH data in the HapMap project, where prior knowledge from individual genotyping can be used to generate a true reference candidate list. The results provide a theoretical basis to compare the accuracy of various methods and to identify redundant methods, thus providing guidance for selecting the most suitable analysis method in genome-wide studies.
Improvement of Solar Cell Efficiencies for Ultrashort-Pulse Laser Contact Opening with Ni-Cu Plated Contacts by Optimized LCO-FFO Processing Order (2018)

We demonstrate that the standard fast firing (FFO) process at temperatures around 850°C can significantly reduce the damage caused by a UV picosecond pulse laser ablation for nickel-copper plated silicon solar cells. Although, the metallization via Ni/Cu/Ag plated contacts are a promising technology, disruption in the crystalline structure of silicon due to laser pulse damage pertains, which increases recombination and suppresses the efficiency of solar cell. We realize laser openings of linewidths ~12.7 μm to ~16.9 μm for metallization by plating on semi-finished industrial PERC solar cells and demonstrate that by flipping the chain of processes from FFO followed by laser ablation (LCO) to LCO followed by FFO, significant reduction is seen in laser-damage induced recombination which increases the power conversion efficiency () by 0.5% abs.
Reduction of extrinsic base resistance in GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors and correlation with high-frequency performance (1986)

Improved high-frequency performance in GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's) by reduction of extrinsic base resistance is demonstrated. A new self-aligned process which is very simple, yet capable of producing 0.25-µm emitter-to-base contact gaps, is described. By the use of AuBe, we have also been able to produce contact resistances to p-type GaAs (p = 5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> ) as low as 1.2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> Ω.cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . This is the lowest value reported to p-type GaAs considering the relatively low doping levels used. By employing these techniques, we have produced HBT's with 2.5-µm-wide emitters having current gain cutoff frequencies f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> that appear to be greater than 35 GHz and maximum oscillation frequencies <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f_{\max}</tex> of 22 GHz.
The efficacy and safety of intense focused ultrasound in the treatment of enlarged facial pores in Asian skin (2014)

IFUS using 1.5-mm or 3.0-mm transducer was safe and effective for reducing enlarged pores in Asian skin with an improvement in skin elasticity.
Neuroglobin attenuates β-amyloid neurotoxicity in vitro and transgenic Alzheimer phenotype in vivo (2007)

Neuroglobin (Ngb), a vertebrate globin expressed primarily in neurons, is induced by and protects against neuronal hypoxia and cerebral ischemia. To investigate the spectrum and mechanism of Ngb's neuroprotective action, we studied the effect of transgenic overexpression of Ngb on NMDA and beta-amyloid (Abeta) toxicity in murine cortical neuron cultures in vitro and on the phenotype of Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic (APP(Sw,Ind)) mice. Compared with cortical neuron cultures from wild-type mice, cultures from Ngb-overexpressing transgenic (Ngb-Tg mice) were resistant to the toxic effects of NMDA and Abeta(25-35), as measured by polarization of cell membrane lipid rafts, mitochondrial aggregation, lactate dehydrogenase release, and nuclear fragmentation. In addition, compared with APP(Sw,Ind) mice, double-transgenic (Ngb-Tg x APP(Sw,Ind)) mice showed reductions in thioflavin-S-stained extracellular Abeta deposits, decreased levels of Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42), and improved behavioral performance in a Y-maze test of spontaneous alternations. These findings suggest that the spectrum of Ngb's neuroprotective action extends beyond hypoxic-ischemic insults. Ngb may protect neurons from NMDA and Abeta toxicity by inhibiting the formation of a death-signaling membrane complex, and interventions that increase Ngb expression could have therapeutic application in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Modulation of multidrug resistance in a cancer cell line by anti-multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) ribozyme. (2001)

Multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) is the major candidate molecule responsible for non-P-glycoprotein (PGp)-mediated multidrug resistance. We used a hammerhead anti-MRP ribozyme (alpha MRP-Rz) to inactivate MRP function in a multidrug resistant cancer cell line, KB8-5. The beta-actin promoter-driven alpha MRP-Rz sequence (pH beta/alpha MRP-Rz) was introduced into KB8-5 cells (KB8-5/alpha MRP-Rz) and we evaluated growth of the cell line. The gene expression of multidrug resistance-related molecules was estimated. Drug sensitivity was estimated by MTT assay in vitro. MRP mRNA expression was decreased in KB8-5/alpha MRP-Rz cells. The MTT assay showed increased IC50 values or resistance to doxorubicin (DOX), etoposide (VP-16) and cisplatin (CDDP) in KB8-5/alpha MRP-Rz cells. No significant differences were observed in expression of multidrug resistance gene (MDR1), thymidylate synthase, glutathione S-transferase pi or topoisomerase II alpha. The hammerhead ribozyme-mediated simple suppression of MRP mRNA expression was not sufficient to reverse multidrug resistance in the cancer cell line KB8-5.
Effect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: systematic review and meta-analysis (2014)

BCG protects against M tuberculosis infection as well as progression from infection to disease.Trial registration PROSPERO registration No CRD42011001698 (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
Transceiver for the FASTBUS Cable Segment (1985)

A 4 mA differential transceiver circuit which meets the Fastbus Standard is described in this paper. It is planned to hybridize this circuit for use in Fastbus Cable Segment devices.
Synthesis of Nanocrystalline PuO2 by Hydrothermal and Thermal Decomposition of Pu(IV) Oxalate: A Comparative Study (2023)

In recent years, the hydrothermal conversion of actinide (IV) oxalates into nanometric actinide dioxides (<i>An</i>O<sub>2</sub>) has begun to be investigated as an alternative to the widely implemented thermal decomposition method. We present here a comparison between the hydrothermal and the conventional thermal decomposition of Pu(IV) oxalate in terms of particle size, morphology and residual carbon content. A parametric study was carried out in order to define the temperature and time applied in the hydrothermal conversion of tetravalent Pu-oxalate into PuO<sub>2</sub> and to optimize the reaction conditions.
Allergen-Induced Changes in Bone Marrow Progenitors and Airway Responsiveness in Dogs (1995)

An increased production of inflammatory cell progenitors (colony-forming cells, CFUs) may contribute to airway inflammation, since CFUs increase after allergen inhalation in asthmatics. We examined the effect of allergen inhalation, with or without budesonide pretreatment, on bone marrow CFU production in dogs with allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Allergen inhalation increased airway responsiveness (p < 0.001) as well as the number of CFUs induced in vitro by recombinant canine stem cell factor (p < 0.001) and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (p = 0.035). Budesonide reduced the allergen-induced increases in airway responsiveness (p = 0.005) and abolished the allergen-induced increases in the numbers of CFUs (p < 0.005). These findings provide the first direct evidence that allergen inhalation increases bone marrow granulocyte progenitor production and suggest that such increases may contribute to the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. The effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma may result, in part, from effect on bone marrow production of inflammatory cells.
Two-dimensional elastic properties of human skin in terms of an incremental model at the in vivo configuration (1995)

The two-dimensional biomechanical behaviour and the collagen content of human skin samples from different anatomical sites was examined. The axes of minimum and maximum shrinkage after excision were determined and correlated with the 'Langer' cleavage lines. Test equipment was developed to restore the original geometry and to measure the loads acting perpendicular to the circumference of the skin specimens. These loads were normalized with respect to the thickness and collagen content and considered as the in vivo tension generated by the surrounding skin area. Using the in vivo geometry of the specimen as reference a set of incremental strains was applied. After stress relaxation was completed the final values of stresses were recorded and related to the incremental strains. The two-dimensional stress-strain relationship was the basis for the evaluation of the incremental elastic moduli. Orthotropic mechanical behaviour was found mainly in regions of reduced in vivo tension. The relationship between the degree of anisotropy at the in vivo configuration and the morphological structure is discussed.
Achieving near-exponential diversity on uncoded low-dimensional MIMO, multi-user and multi-carrier systems without transmitter CSI (2011)

It is well-known that for single-input and single-output (SISO) narrow-band transmission on frequency-flat fading channels, uncoded communication with only receiver channel state information (Rx-CSI) leads to extremely poor reliability performance whereas transmitter CSI (Tx-CSI) allows us approach the reliability of an additive white gaussian noise (AWGN) channel via power control.In this paper, we propose a novel approach to achieve reliability close to the AWGN channel for uncoded transmissions on SISO frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channels without Tx-CSI.Our approach employs pseudo-random phase precoding (PRPP) of modulation symbols prior to temporal multiplexing, and joint-detection at the receiver that has polynomial complexity in the precoder size.With a precoder size of 400 binary symbols, we demonstrate that the proposed system achieves performance within 0.1 dB of the AWGN channel at a bit error rate of 0.00001, and is also robust to fading correlation and channel estimation errors.Furthermore, we present extensions to multiple-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems and wideband transmission schemes such as orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and single carrier frequency-domain multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems.We show, through extensive simulations, that i) with 8-by-8 MIMO system per-stream AWGN channel reliability is achieved with 8 spatial streams and 50 channel uses, ii) for a 5 user multiple-access channel with one antenna per user and 5 antennas at the receiver, 80 channel uses eliminates fading and interference complexity while simultaneously providing a power gain of approximately 6.9 dB, and iii) for OFDM and SC-FDMA systems with single antenna at the transmitter and two antennas at the receiver, within 0.1 and 0.3 dB of the matched-filter bound performance is achieved with a precoder size of 96 and 400 symbols, respectively.
Wasserstein Image Local Analysis: Histogram of Orientations, Smoothing and Edge Detection (2022)

The Histogram of Oriented Gradient is a widely used image feature, which describes local image directionality based on numerical differentiation. Due to its ill-posed nature, small noise may lead to large errors. Conventional HOG may fail to produce meaningful directionality results in the presence of noise, which is common in medical radiographic imaging. We approach the directionality problem from a novel perspective by the use of the optimal transport map of a local image patch to a uni-color patch of its mean. We decompose the transport map into sub-work costs in different directions. We evaluated the ability of the optimal transport to quantify tumor heterogeneity from brain MRI images of patients with glioblastoma multiforme from the TCIA. By considering the entropy difference of the extracted local directionality within tumor regions, we found that patients with higher entropy in their images, had statistically significant worse overall survival (p $=0.008$), which indicates that tumors exhibiting flows in many directions may be more malignant, perhaps reflecting high tumor histologic grade, a reflection of histologic disorganization. We also explored the possibility of solving classical image processing problems such as smoothing and edge detection via optimal transport. By looking for a 2-color patch with minimum transport distance to a local patch, we derive a nonlinear shock filter, which preserves edges. Moreover, we found that the color difference of the computed 2-color patch indicates whether there is a large change in color, i.e., an edge in the given patch. In summary, we expand the usefulness of optimal transport as an image local analysis tool, to extract robust measures of imaging tumor heterogeneity for outcomes prediction as well as image pre-processing. Because of its robust nature, we find it offers several advantages over the classical approaches.
Double-pass wavefront shaping for vision through cataracts (2020)

In this work we propose a non-invasive alternative to cataracts surgery by means of manipulating the wavefront of the incident light. We show an improvement of 80 in the Strehl ratio of the ocular Point Spread Function.
Mud, the traditional building material: A laboratory investigation (1993)

The addition of Portland cement and emulsions had little effect on increasing compressive strengths and further investigation indicated that this was due to the montmorillonite mineral present in the clay which controls soil/mix behaviour. The mix with palm tree fibre attained the highest strength.
Cytoplasmic DDX3 as prognosticator in male breast cancer (2021)

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease. Due to its rarity, treatment is still directed by data mainly extrapolated from female breast cancer (FBC) treatment, despite the fact that it has recently become clear that MBC has its own molecular characteristics. DDX3 is a RNA helicase with tumor suppressor and oncogenic potential that was described as a prognosticator in FBC and can be targeted by small molecule inhibitors of DDX3. The aim of this study was to evaluate if DDX3 is a useful prognosticator for MBC patients. Nuclear as well as cytoplasmic DDX3 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in a Dutch retrospective cohort of 106 MBC patients. Differences in 10-year survival by DDX3 expression were analyzed using log-rank test. The association between clinicopathologic variables, DDX3 expression, and survival was tested in uni- and multivariate Cox-regression analysis. High cytoplasmic DDX3 was associated with high androgen receptor (AR) expression while low nuclear DDX3 was associated with negative lymph node status. Nuclear and cytoplasmic DDX3 were not associated with each other. In a univariate analysis, high cytoplasmic DDX3 (p = 0.045) was significantly associated with better 10-year overall survival. In multivariate analyses, cytoplasmic DDX3 had independent prognostic value (p = 0.017). In conclusion, cytoplasmic DDX3 expression seems to be a useful prognosticator in MBC, as high cytoplasmic DDX3 indicated better 10-year survival.
Microelectronic technology on paper substrate (2012)

The interest to develop low cost passive sensors on objects of various forms led us to adapt technological processes of microelectronics on flexible substrate. Passive components deposited on polymer flexible support such as type PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) or Kapton® (Polyimide) are already well-known for example in Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID), strain gauge, humidity sensor, etc. The use of a very economic and ecological substrate such as paper proves much more interesting and still very little explored. However, the brittleness of this material due to moisture and temperature of use constitutes a major technical challenge taking into consideration its potential application in electronics. To use this type of substrate, we set up different processes allowing the packaging of the substrate to be able to undergo all techniques in microelectronic. This has allowed us afterward to realize various devices like inductive coils, RFID tags or interdigital capacitors, using the microelectronic manufacturing processes. We have reached excellent resolutions without any damage.
Optical Crosstalk in InGaAs/InP SPAD Array: Analysis and Reduction With FIB-Etched Trenches (2016)

This letter describes the reduction of optical crosstalk by means of focused ion beam-etched trenches in InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode arrays. Platinum-filled trenches have been fabricated in a linear array in order to limit the direct optical crosstalk between neighboring pixels. Experimental measurements prove that optical crosstalk has been reduced by ~60% thanks to a strong suppression of direct optical paths. An optical model is introduced in order to describe the main contributions to crosstalk and to validate measurements.
Report-Model studies of transmembrane interaction of FcεRIα/FcRγ reveal novel strategies to inhibit allergic responses. (2018)

The high-affinity IgE receptor complex plays an essential part in allergic responses and involved in downstream signaling, released inflammatory mediators that cause allergic responses. The transmembrane region of the high-affinity IgE has a conserved motif (LFAVDTGL) where a polar aspartate (D194) is important for the ligand binding. This modeling study proposes novel potential binding sites between high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor α subunit (FcεRIα) and FcRγ and as a consequence, we propose a new model of FcεRIα and FcRγ interaction (T194) which can mediate downstream signaling in allergic response. The docking of FcRγ with wild-type (D194) and mutant human high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor α subunit (D194T, D194I, D194L, D194A, D194V, D194E, D194S and D194R) has been performed on Autodock Vina. This modeling study is based on lab data obtained by carrying out site-directed mutagenesis done at residue D194 of FcεRIα to assess its functional importance for the mediation of intracellular signal cascade. HuFcεRIα D194 residue was replaced with threonine, leucine, serine, arginine, alanine, asparagine and glutamic acid. FcRγ docking on mutated huFcεRIα (D194T) indicated a new site of interaction and emphasizes the significance of the charge and size of an amino acid at position 194 in huFcεRIα subunit. Amino acids D & T at position 194 are important for cell surface localization, interactions, distribution and downstream signaling of IgE receptor subunit. These proposed models may herald in better therapeutic interventions to combat unfavorably allergic diseases.
Exact solution to plane-wave scattering by an ideal "left-handed" wedge (2006)

An exact analytical solution to the problem of plane-wave diffraction by a penetrable left-handed medium (LHM) ε=µ=−1 wedge of arbitrary angle (subject to valid physical constraints) is presented. Standard analysis involving discontinuous angular eigenfunctions and even/odd symmetry decomposition resulted in a discrete spectrum leading to a series solution resembling the traditional perfect electric conductor wedge solution but exhibiting the expected negative refraction phenomenology. Numerical results are presented, some of which seemed paradoxical but are explainable by classical means. A new type of illusory edge radiation is observed and explained. Also, a novel edge-launched interface standing wave is observed on the directly illuminated side. The exact analytical solution is verified by comparison with finite-difference time-domain simulation on causal LHM materials.
FCMPASS - Cataloguing light scatter reference materials v2 (2020)

This protocol outlines the steps required to catalogue light scatter reference materials using the FCMPASS software. This is one of a number of protocols in the pipeline for performing small particle calibration using the fcmpass software package.
Loss of Striatal Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Protein (VMAT2) in Human Cocaine Users (2002)

Human cocaine users lose VMAT2 protein, which might reflect damage to striatal dopamine fibers. These neuronal changes could play a role in causing disordered mood and motivational processes in more severely dependent patients.
Translucency parameter of colorants for maxillofacial prostheses. (1995)

The masking power of various generic, dry mineral earth, and flocking colorants dispersed in medical-grade silicone elastomer was investigated. Reflectance measurements were made by diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry using black and white backings. These data were reduced to optical scattering and absorption coefficients through the use of the Kubelka-Munk reflectance theory. The color difference between a 0.13-cm-thick layer of the colored elastomer placed on an ideal black backing and this layer on an ideal white backing was calculated and established as a translucency parameter. Using analysis of variance and stepwise comparison testing, significant differences were found among the translucency parameters of the colorants. Since these colorants differ substantially in their ability to mask underlying colors and since the translucency of maxillofacial material is an important aspect of color measurement and natural appearance, differences in these colorants go beyond their obvious differences in color.