gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prioritizing Research Challenges and Funding for Allergy and Asthma and the Need for Translational Research — The European Strategic Forum on Allergic Diseases (2020)

The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) organized the first European Strategic Forum on Allergic Diseases and Asthma. The main aim was to bring together all relevant stakeholders and decision‐makers in the field of allergy, asthma and clinical Immunology around an open debate on contemporary challenges and potential solutions for the next decade. The Strategic Forum was an upscaling of the EAACI White Paper aiming to integrate the Academy’s output with the perspective offered by EAACI’s partners. This collaboration is fundamental for adapting and integrating allergy and asthma care into the context of real‐world problems. The Strategic Forum on Allergic Diseases brought together all partners who have the drive and the influence to make positive change: national and international societies, patients’ organizations, regulatory bodies and industry representatives. An open debate with a special focus on drug development and biomedical engineering, big data and information technology and allergic diseases and asthma in the context of environmental health concluded that connecting science with the transformation of care and a joint agreement between all partners on priorities and needs are essential to ensure a better management of allergic diseases and asthma in the advent of precision medicine together with global access to innovative and affordable diagnostics and therapeutics.
Electrical stimulation prior to delayed reinnervation does not enhance recovery in muscles of rats (2007)

The primary factors that inhibited reinnervation and recovery following delayed reinnervation were not alleviated by the electrical stimulation during the period of muscle denervation.
Systematic Change in Stacking Structure Induced by Alkyl Chains and Spectral Change Due to Hetero-Aggregation in [Ni(dmit)2]− Salts of Methylene Blue Analogues (2006)

Abstract A series of [Ni(dmit)2]− (dmit = 2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolato) salts of 3,7-bis(dialkylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium (alkyl = methyl (C1S), ethyl (C2S), propyl (C3S), and butyl (C4S)) together with those of 3,7-bis(diallylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium (AS) and 3,7-bis(diethylamino)phenoxazin-5-ium (C2O) have been prepared and analyzed by X-ray crystal structural analysis and diffuse reflectance spectra. All complex salts formed stacking columns containing cations and anions. In the crystal structure of (C1S)[Ni(dmit)2], both C1S cations and [Ni(dmit)2]− anions were found to form stacked dimers, and these dimers piled up alternately in columns. In the cases of (C2S)[Ni(dmit)2], (AS)[Ni(dmit)2], and (C2O)[Ni(dmit)2], cations and anions piled up alternately in the form of monomers. In the cases of (C3S)[Ni(dmit)2] and (C4S)[Ni(dmit)2], one anion was sandwiched between two cation dimers to form columns, and another anion layed between these columns. An absorption band appeared at 516–566 nm in the diffuse reflectance spectra, which originated from the absorption of blue cationic dyes, exhibited a large shift by the intermolecular interaction of cation–cation and cation–anion π-stacking. Compounds of (C1S)[Ni(dmit)2] and (C2O)[Ni(dmit)2] were found to behave as semiconductors, exhibiting room temperature conductivities of 3.8 × 10−6 and 4.5 × 10−7 S cm−1, respectively.
Allostatic Load in Bipolar Disorder (2009)

Repeated stress induces structural remodeling in brain regions involved with memory and emotions, such as hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Under chronic stress, hippocampal and prefrontal volumes are frequently diminished, whereas the size of the amygdala is increased. Related anatomical changes have been described in patients with bipolar disorder. New data indicate that episodes of depression and mania are associated with decreases neurotrophic and increases in proapoptotic pathways. Such stress- and episode-induced alterations in emotional circuitry may lead to a dysfunctional processing of information, which may render BD patients more vulnerable to subsequent environmental stressors, episodes, and substances of abuse. Allostasis means literally keeping stability through change. Allostatic load refers to the bodily wear and tear that emerges with sustained allostatic states. This concept provides an explanatory link to apparently unrelated findings such as cognitive impairment and higher rates of physical co-morbidity and mortality that occur in the course of bipolar disorder and further highlight the importance of effective long-term prophylaxis.
Minimum Per-Element Power of Phased Array for Gbps Mobile Access in mmWaves (2019)

Delivering Gbps rate to users at 100-meter range is challenging and using large phased arrays and wide bandwidth in the mmWave range are considered to be a high potential solution for 5G and beyond. We evaluate the minimum per-element power requirement of phased arrays to support 1 Gbps rate at mmWave bands by quantifying the impact of channel estimation penalty, path loss, array size, effective beamforming gain saturation due to angular spread, and channel coherence. With 1 GHz bandwidth, a minimum 18 dBm per-element power is required to deliver 1 Gbps downlink rate from an urban Macro base station to outdoor users 100 m away in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) using a transmit array of 4×4, 7×7, or 10×10 elements at 28, 90 or 144 GHz band, respectively, assuming 5 dBi element gain. Using more bandwidth would lower the per- element power requirement by less than 2 dB in most cases. Using larger antenna arrays could be beneficial in lowering the per-element power requirement, as long as the associated beam searching and channel estimation overhead does not surpass the benefit of improved spectral efficiency. For antenna systems having a strict equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) limit, such as indoor access points or modems, the benefit of using larger arrays at both ends at higher bands is curbed by the effective gain reduction caused by angular spread, increased beam acquisition overhead, worse-than-free-space path loss and body blockage. Therefore, it is challenging for indoor access points to provide high-speed transmission at high bands to NLOS wearable devices such as augmented reality goggles.
Kinetic model of phase separation in binary mixtures with hard mobile impurities (1999)

We develop a mean-field rate-equation model for the kinetics of phase separation in binary mixtures with hard mobile impurities. For impurities preferentially wet by one of the components, the phase separation is arrested in the late stage. The "steady-state" domain size depends strongly on both the particle diffusion constant and the particle concentration. We compare theoretical results with the simulation data and find good qualitative agreement.
Pulsed Radiofrequency Effects on the Lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglion of the Domestic Porcine: Pilot Study (2012)

Summary Introduction. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is a percutaneous minimal invasive procedure for chronic pain management that can be used when conservative treatment methods have been ineffective. The effectiveness of PRF was demonstrated in various good quality randomized control studies, but mechanisms of action are still unclear. Aim of the Study. The aim of our study is to analyse the histological effects of PRF on the domestic porcine dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and evaluate the expression of biomarkers in gangliocytes of the subject(s). Materials and Methods. A total 3 domestic porcines were investigated. Under general anaesthesia and X-ray control, DRG PRF was performed. Four lumbar DRGs (L1, L2, L3, L4) were randomly treated. The opposite side DRGs was used as control. One month after the procedure the animal was euthanized. The lumbar region of the spine was placed in 10% formaldehyde for a month. After this fixation DRG samples were prepared for slide analysis. They were embedded in paraffin in order to obtain 3mm thick sections, which were then cut by microtome and collected on slide glasses. Using standard immunohistochemical reactions, the materials were tinted to define biomarkers neurofilaments (NF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), heat shock protein - 70 (Hsp-70) expression and apoptosis by transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) analysis. Results. The number of cells with NF (26,0 ± 3,0 vs 16,1 ± 3,3; p&lt;0,05), GFAP (12,0 ± 1,3 vs 3,2 ± 0,9; p&lt;0,05) and Hsp-70 (10,0 ± 1,6 vs 4,2 ± 1,0; p&lt;0,05) expression, were larger in the PRF side comparing with the control side. Additionally, glial cells in spinal ganglia of both sides demonstrated immunoreactivity. The instances of apoptosis were not significantly different, in statistical terms, between the control and experimental sides (18,0 ± 4,0 vs 20,0 ± 4,0; p=0,35). Conclusions. PRF in spinal gangliocytes of lumbar region increases neural tissue cytoskeleton factors like NF and GFAP suggesting about active regeneration processes into the cells 1 month after the procedure. Spinal gangliocytes one month after PRF treatment notably increases Hsp-70 expression suggesting about activation of cellular activity and inhibitory role reducing of oxidative stress. Similar number of apoptotic cells in spinal ganglia of lumbar region after PRF and control side suggests about inhibitory role of PRF on programmed cell death and stimulation of cell survival.
Magnetophoretic Sorting of Single Cell-Containing Microdroplets (2016)

Droplet microfluidics is a promising tool for single-cell analysis since single cell can be comparted inside a tiny volume. However, droplet encapsulation of single cells still remains a challenging issue due to the low ratio of droplets containing single cells. Here, we introduce a simple and robust single cell sorting platform based on a magnetophoretic method using monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and droplet microfluidics with >94% purity. There is an approximately equal amount of MNPs in the same-sized droplet, which has the same magnetic force under the magnetic field. However, the droplets containing single cells have a reduced number of MNPs, as much as the volume of the cell inside the droplet, resulting in a low magnetic force. Based on this simple principle, this platform enables the separation of single cell-encapsulated droplets from the droplets with no cells. Additionally, this device uses only a permanent magnet without any complex additional apparatus; hence, this new platform can be integrated into a single cell analysis system considering its effectiveness and convenience.
Assessment of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss After COVID-19 Vaccination (2022)

In this cross-sectional study, findings from an updated analysis of VAERS data and a case series of patients who experienced SSNHL after COVID-19 vaccination did not suggest an association between COVID-19 vaccination and an increased incidence of hearing loss compared with the expected incidence in the general population.
Quantitative Description of the Lateral Growth of Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks Reveals Self-Templation Effects (2021)

Quantitative mechanistic insight into polymerizations that produce highly crystalline two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) is a prerequisite for their controlled synthesis. However, developing quantitative models for COF formation is challenging since a plethora of molecular species and reactive pathways must be considered simultaneously. Here, we demonstrate an approach to develop an analytical relationship between 2D COF lateral (in-plane) growth rates and fundamental microscopic processes, based on a previously reported kinetic Monte Carlo model. The bond formation rate, the relative bond formation rates at crystal faces and edges, and the lattice size are all found to be critical parameters for the determination of the lateral growth rates. Our analysis also reveals the importance of self-templation in 2D COF growth, which provides a unified understanding of supramolecular interactions in 2D polymerization. Our analytical model represents an important step toward a generalized mechanistic understanding of 2D COF formation. Also, the quantitative description provided here opens the way to monomer design and polymerization conditions that favor lateral growth.
Seeding Atomic Layer Deposition of Alumina on Graphene with Yttria (2015)

Integrating graphene into nanoelectronic device structure requires interfacing graphene with high-κ dielectric materials. However, the dewetting and thermal instability of dielectric layers on top of graphene makes fabricating a pinhole-free, uniform, and conformal graphene/dielectric interface challenging. Here, we demonstrate that an ultrathin layer of high-κ dielectric material Y2O3 acts as an effective seeding layer for atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 on graphene. Whereas identical Al2O3 depositions lead to discontinuous film on bare graphene, the Y2O3 seeding layer yields uniform and conformal films. The morphology of the Al2O3 film is characterized by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. C-1s X-ray photoemission spectroscopy indicates that the underlying graphene remains intact following Y2O3 seed and Al2O3 deposition. Finally, photoemission measurements of the graphene/SiO2/Si, Y2O3/graphene/SiO2, and Al2O3/Y2O3/graphene/SiO2 interfaces indicate n-type doping of graphene with different doping levels due to charge transfer at the interfaces.
Single-frequency erbium fibre laser using the twisted-modetechnique (1996)

A single-frequency erbium fibre laser operating at 1.534 µm is demonstrated. Single frequency operation is achieved using the twisted mode technique. Using a self-heterodyne technique a detector-limited linewidth of 10 kHz was measured.
Fresnel Diffractive Radiography Measurements of Transport Properties in Warm Dense Matter (2022)

Contemporary research into the transport properties of warm dense matter (WDM) is hampered by a lack of experimental benchmarks to corroborate extensive theoretical predictions [1] . Here we present an overview of our Fresnel Diffractive Radiography platform developed for the Omega and NIF laser facilities. This platform couples isochorically heated buried-wire targets with high-resolution X-ray imaging to measure the evolution of micron-scale density gradients at the material interface [2] - [4] . By utilizing novel 1 μm-wide slits, five times smaller than previously demonstrated, we obtain a highly coherent x-ray source that gives rise to significant refractive and diffractive features. These features reflect the material's transport properties and equation-of-state, opening the door for much-needed experimental benchmarks of thermal conductivity in WDM.
A System Delay Monitor Exploiting Automatic Cell-Based Design Flow and Post-Silicon Calibration (2019)

In this work, we present a low-overhead performance monitor which can emulate the maximum operational frequency of a target system by utilizing a delay chain so as to achieve efficient adaptive voltage control. The proposed monitor can be fully built by logic cells provided by general PDKs; thus, an automatic cell-based design flow can be used for its implementation. In addition, interconnect delay behaviors can also be imitated by exploiting wires which are automatically routed. In order to validate our concept, the proposed monitor is fabricated with a 65-nm Fully Depleted Silicon on Insulator (FD-SOI) technology. Real chip experiments reveal that the automated layout design can achieve the reasonable ability to delay emulation. Indeed, when the maximum operational frequency of a CNN accelerator is emulated, the proposed SDM achieved several percents of the performance tracking error. Also, its power overhead is only few percents.
M&S-based design of embedded controllers on network processors (2012)

We introduce advanced techniques to develop embedded real-time controllers for networking applications using a Modeling and Simulation (M&S) based methodology. Our solution relies on the DEVS formalism and the Embedded CD++ (ECD++) real-time simulator. We show how DEVS-based prototypes can be embedded in the target hardware, consisting of an Intel IXP2400 Network Processor. We developed interface libraries allowing DEVS models to interact with specialized microcontrollers for high performance packet handling. We also introduce a portable Virtual Lab for developing prototypes and deploying them for quick validation on a real-world network. Our approach provides model continuity, eliminating the need for adapting logic or structure of the controllers when evolving from standalone simulations to execution in the target platform.
Investigation of Failure Processes in Porous Battery Substrates: Part II—Simulation Results and Comparisons (1999)

Models are presented for the evolution of transport and mechanical properties of nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) battery substrates. In the first paper in this series (Wang et al., 1999), conductive losses and enhancement of mechanical properties in these materials were quantified experimentally. These were qualitatively shown to be related to observed morphological changes in the substrate materials. Here, an evolution hypothesis for changes in these structures is presented, along with a simplified approximation of the real material microstructure (porous fiber/powder nickel network) with a tractable simulation geometry (porous fiber networks). Transport and mechanics models are then compared with experimental results, with stochastically-arranged fibers approximated as conductive beams connected by elastic torsion springs. Both quantitative and qualitative agreement are found with the models. Limitations of the approaches proposed are also discussed, along with the consequences of the simplifications of geometry for analysis.
In-situ calibration of voltage transformers on the Swedish National Grid (1996)

In Sweden virtually all voltage transformers for high voltages are capacitor voltage transformers (CVTs). Concern has been voiced both nationally and internationally regarding the stability of CVTs over time. The program for in situ calibrations has been in operation since 1989. The Swedish measurement system is based on the use of a very accurate multi-ratio inductive voltage transformer rated for the full dielectric requirements on the 400 kV grid. The output voltage from the voltage transformer under test is compared to the output from the reference transformer in an automatic bridge circuit. A computer is used to read the data from the bridge and to prepare the calibration certificate. A six decade precision inductive voltage transformer, an inductive voltage divider, can be employed as a ratio matching element.
Thermal Conductivity and Volumetric Specific Heat of Low-Density Wooden Mats (2016)

Abstract Using wooden waste as insulation material benefits society by using waste products, reducing building thermal load, and sequestering carbon dioxide. In this study on heat insulating materials, a novel low-density wooden mat was fabricated from wood shavings and kenaf fibers. This research addressed the influences of fabrication conditions on the thermal conductivity and volumetric specific heat of the materials used. The raw materials (wood shavings and kenaf fibers) were mixed with a binder component, and the mixture was thermoformed. The thermal conductivity and volumetric specific heat of the mats were measured, and the influence of mixing ratio, density, and heat flux was evaluated. The results demonstrated that thermal conductivity was largely affected by the mat density and mixing ratio but was largely unaffected by changes in the heat flux. The volumetric specific heat of the mats was largely unaffected by the raw material mixing ratio but was greatly affected by the mat density. The tendency of the thermal conductivity decrease was changed according to the combination ratio of the wood shavings and the kenaf. The wood shavings are flake shaped and curled, and the kenaf is fibrous. It was thought that the internal void was made smaller effectively by mixing two different shaped fibers and the thermal conductivity was minimized. As a result, the thermal performance of the subject mats, as compared with glass wool, exhibited a slightly lower thermal insulation level and higher heat capacity. The results are important in improving efficiency and the commercial design of insulation materials.
<title>Machine shape perception: object recognition based on need-driven resolution flexibility and convex-hull carving</title> (1992)

A hierarchical shape decomposition method called Convex-Hull Carving, derived from Sklansky's Concavity Tree and designed to accommodate the incorporation of human flexible resolution visual perception strategies in machine recognition, is proposed. The method characterizes an arbitrary complex shape at multiple hierarchical levels starting from a gross perspective of the entire shape itself, and progressing to decomposed and quantified convex sub-shapes, etc. Calculation complexity and the amount of data to be processed for object recognition applications are reduced. Sklansky's Concavity Tree is a hierarchical arrangement for describing nonconvex shapes. The concavity tree of a shape is defined as a tree describing the hierarchical arrangement of concavities; i.e., concavities within concavities. In the proposed Convex-Hull Carving method, the concavity tree structure is converted to a structure analogous to a chemical molecule. Tree components represent the `atoms' of the molecule and are characterized by their geometric position and a recently defined quantitative shape attribute called the shape quantifier. In addition, the number of hierarchical levels of shape description employed during recognition is driven by: (1) meeting `need to discriminate' criteria; or (2) the determination that all components (`atoms') are convex within predefined acceptance criteria (i.e., no further reduction is possible). The method was implemented to classify a set of two-dimensional aircraft shapes. Results showed that the method is stable with variation of rotation, scaling, and image resolution factors, as well as small viewing angle projection changes.
Towards autonomic consolidation of heterogeneous workloads (2011)

Multicore architectures have become the standard both for general purpose PCs and for high-end servers. Such platforms provide an environment that invites consolidating several applications within the same processor to fully take advantage of the available parallelism. As multicore processors become the basic building blocks of data centers and cloud computing platforms, the problem of effective consolidation becomes very challenging as interference between collocated workloads may significantly affect their performance. Server virtualization has offered solutions to the problems of software heterogeneity and fault isolation but not to the problem of performance isolation. Consequently, there is a lot of research on resource partitioning that aims at performance isolation on multicores. Resource partitioning has been shown to be costly and may even result in inefficient resource usage, defeating the purpose of consolidation in data center and cloud computing platforms for reducing infrastructure and electricity costs. As such, consolidating applications is often conflicting with performance isolation, especially since performance degradation due to collocation may be difficult to characterize and foresee.
Ultrathin Fibers from Electrospinning Experiments under Driven Fast-Oscillating Perturbations (2014)

When it comes to spinning polymer fibers, spiders are much better than scientists. However, the authors have narrowed the gap: Extensive simulations show that for by judiciously oscillating the spinneret, instabilities can be tamed and extremely thin fibers can be extracted. Remarkably, this effect is independent of the rheology of the polymeric solution used. These ultrathin fibers open up a new length scale for applications ranging from photonics and organic field-effect transistors to artificial ligaments and scaffolds used in tissue culture.