gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reporting of cancer clinical trial adverse drug events: A RADAR report. (2011)

6090 Background: The timely identification of unknown toxicities of cancer drugs is an important, unsolved problem. Because of their cytotoxic effects, distinguishing cancer drug toxicity from disease progression or comorbidity can be difficult. Also, because of the need for novel cancer therapies, regulatory approval is typically based on fewer than 3000 patients. The adverse event detection failure rate during cancer clinical trials has not previously been determined and there has been relatively little evaluation of the utility of applying validated methods for ADE abstraction in this setting. Here, we compare routine adverse event reporting to structured case abstraction (SCA) of the research record and medical record. Outcomes of interest included detection, description, severity grading, and causality attribution. Methods: We obtained all adverse event data (2001-2008) reported to the Northwestern University Institutional Review Board (IRB) for all six clinical trials involving bevacizumab or oxaliplatin. We compared routine IRB reports to SCA for ability to detect an adverse event and for utility of assessing causality attribution with the 10-item Naranjo Scale. Results: Of the 205 adverse events found in the research record and medical record, 182 events (75%) were not reported; six of the 30 (20%) events with a severity grade of “severe,” “life-threatening,” or “fatal” and a causality assessment of “possible”, “probable”, or “definite” were unreported. The mean number of Naranjo items for which there was useful information was higher with SCA than with the standard IRB report (6.0 vs. 2.4 items, p<0.0001). Conclusions: One-fifth of “reportable” adverse events were unreported to the IRB via routine adverse event reporting. SCA also provided more useful information as to whether the adverse event was caused by the cancer drug exposure. Our results suggest that SCA has potential to improve adverse event detection and to improve the accuracy of causality attribution during cancer drug clinical trials. Use of SCA may reduce delays in recognition of novel cancer drug safety signals. There is an urgent need to prospectively evaluate use of structured case abstraction during cancer drug clinical trials.
A Model of the Lungs Based on Fractal Geometrical and Structural Properties (2009)

International audience
NK4 (HGF‐antagonist/angiogenesis inhibitor) in cancer biology and therapeutics (2003)

Invasion and subsequent establishment of metastasis are devastating events for patients with cancer, but past therapeutic approaches have paid relatively little attention to these important issues. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, the c-Met tyrosine kinase, play roles in cancer invasion and metastasis in a wide variety of tumor cells. Activation of the c-Met receptor integrates multiple signal transduction pathways involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, cellular migration, and breakdown of the extracellular scaffold. Paracrine activation of the c-Met receptor by stromal-derived HGF mediates tumor-stromal interactions that facilitate invasion and metastasis. Likewise, aberrant expression of the c-Met receptor and autocrine or mutational activation of c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase are closely associated with the progression of malignant tumors. Based on this background, NK4, a competitive antagonist of HGF-c-Met association was prepared so as to block cancer invasion and metastasis. NK4, an internal fragment of HGF, binds to but does not activate the c-Met receptor, thereby competitively antagonizing the biological activities of HGF. Unexpectedly, NK4 was subsequently shown to be an angiogenesis inhibitor as well, and this angioinhibitory activity is independent of its action as an HGF-antagonist. Importantly, NK4 protein or NK4 gene therapy have been shown to inhibit tumor invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, effectively converting malignant tumors into benign tumors. Targeting tumor invasion-metastasis and angiogenesis with NK4 seems to have considerable therapeutic potential for cancer patients.
Effect of Fineness of Basaltic Volcanic Ash on Pozzolanic Reactivity, ASR Expansion and Drying Shrinkage of Blended Cement Mortars (2019)

This study focuses on evaluating the effect of the fineness of basaltic volcanic ash (VA) on the engineering properties of cement pozzolan mixtures. In this study, VA of two different fineness, i.e., VA fine (VF) and VA ultra-fine (VUF) and commercially available fly ash (FA) was used to partially replace cement. Including a control and a hybrid mix (10% each of VUF and FA), eleven mortar mixes were prepared with various percentages of VA and FA (10%, 20% and 30%) to partially replace cement. First, material characterization was performed by using X-ray florescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, and a modified Chappelle test. Then, the compressive strength development, alkali silica reactivity (ASR), and drying shrinkage of all mortar mixes were investigated. Finally, XRD analysis on paste samples of all mixes was performed to assess their pozzolanic reactivity at ages of 7 and 91 days. The results showed increased Chappelle reactivity values with an increase in the fineness of the VA. Mortars containing high percentages of VUF (20% and 30%) showed almost equal compressive strength compared to corresponding FA mortars at all ages, however, the hybrid mix (10% VUF + 10% FA) exhibited higher strength than that of the reference mix (100% cement), particularly, at 91 days. At low percentages (10%), ASR expansion in both VF and VUF mortars was higher compared to the corresponding FA mortar and the opposite behavior was observed at high percentages (20% and 30%). Among all the mixes including the control, mortar with VUF was found to be most effective in controlling drying shrinkages at all ages. The rate of consumption of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>) for pastes containing VUF and FA was almost the same, while VF showed low Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> intensity. These results indicate that an increase in the fineness of VA significantly improvs performance, and therefore, it could be a feasible substitute for commercial admixtures in cement composites.
Tamara Dembo's European years: Working with Lewin and Buytendijk (2000)

In this paper early work of the American rehabilitation psychologist Tamara Dembo (1902-1993) is brought to light. She was highly influenced by the concepts of Kurt Lewin's topological psychology, and she used the framework of topological psychology to analyze her investigations on animal behavior carried out with the Dutch zoopsychologist Frederik J. J. Buytendijk. These investigations have so far been ignored and are being described for the first time making use of archival materials.
Video Exposure Monitoring—A Means of Studying Sources of Occupational Air Contaminant Exposure, Part 2—Data Interpretation (1993)

Abstract Excessive exposures to air contaminants can be determined by conventional sampling with pumps and sampling media; however, such results do not provide insights into the reasons for the excessive exposures. The analog or digital output from direct-reading instruments can be captured by using data-logging equipment. While data are being logged from direct-reading instruments, the activities in the workplace can be recorded using a video camera. These data can be analyzed to find reasons for excessive air contaminant exposures. Three approaches have been used to quantitatively present the results of real-time sampling. First is the use of descriptive statistics to describe the data. Frequently, useful insights can be obtained from descriptive statistics and graphs. When activities in question are sufficiently separated in time, this can be a very fruitful approach. At other times, a second approach, statistical analysis, may be needed to evaluate whether a certain activity is causing an increase in worker air contaminant exposure. Spreadsheet programs, which have statistical analysis and database capabilities, can be used to address the autocorrelation by deleting data and to perform statistical analysis. Because deleting data to remove autocorrelation can result in the loss of too much information, a third approach involving time series analysis techniques has been used to analyze the data. After analyzing the data by these techniques, changes in the workplace can be focused upon activities that are actually causing important increases in the worker's air contaminant exposure. Because the data analysis may involve a number of assumptions that may not adequately reflect physical reality, conventional air sampling techniques are needed to evaluate the effect of workplace changes upon worker air contaminant exposure. Heitbrink, W.A.; Gressel, M.G.; Cooper, T.C.; Fischbach, T.; O'Brien, D.M.; Jansen, P.A.: Video Exposure Monitoring—A Means of Studying Sources of Occupational Air Contaminant Exposure, Part 2—Data Interpretation. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 8(4):339-343; 1993.
Comparing historical and current spectrum occupancy measurements in the context of cognitive radio (2012)

Cognitive radio (CR) technology promises to be one possible solution to solve the problem of lack of frequency spectrum, by allowing access of unlicensed users in licensed bands, based on an opportunistic approach and without interfering with the licensed (primary) user. A fundamental key to the success of such an approach is knowledge of the statistical properties of the spectrum occupancy, which forms the basis of the current project. Numerous measurement campaigns have already been carried out in the USA and in other locations worldwide. These measurement campaigns have been performed at different locations in the context of cognitive radio. This paper collects together previous research work carried out worldwide and compares it with spectrum occupancy measurements recently undertaken at the University of Hull, UK.
Antenna-coupled infrared detectors for imaging applications (2005)

Infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs) are a critical component in advanced infrared imaging systems. IRFPAs are made up of two parts, a detector array and a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) multiplexer. Current ROIC technology has typical pitch sizes of 20/spl times/20 to 50/spl times/50 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. In order to make antenna-coupled detectors suited for infrared imaging systems, two-dimensional (2-D) arrays have been fabricated that cover a whole pixel area with the penalty of increasing the noise figure of the detector and, therefore, reducing its performance. By coupling a Fresnel zone plate lens to a single element antenna-coupled detector, infrared radiation can be collected over a typical pixel area and still keep low-noise levels. A Fresnel zone plate lens coupled to a single-element square-spiral-coupled infrared detector has been fabricated and its performance compared to single element antenna-coupled detectors and 2-D arrays of antenna coupled detectors. Measurements made at 10.6 /spl mu/m showed a two-order-of-magnitude increase in SNR and a /spl sim/3/spl times/ increase in D/sup */ as compared to 2-D arrays of antenna-coupled detectors.
RNAi-mediated immunity provides strong protection against the negative-strand RNA vesicular stomatitis virus in Drosophila (2010)

Activation of innate antiviral responses in multicellular organisms relies on the recognition of structural differences between viral and cellular RNAs. Double-stranded (ds)RNA, produced during viral replication, is a well-known activator of antiviral defenses and triggers interferon production in vertebrates and RNAi in invertebrates and plants. Previous work in mammalian cells indicates that negative-strand RNA viruses do not appear to generate dsRNA, and that activation of innate immunity is triggered by the recognition of the uncapped 5' ends of viral RNA. This finding raises the question whether antiviral RNAi, which is triggered by the presence of dsRNA in insects, represents an effective host-defense mechanism against negative-strand RNA viruses. Here, we show that the negative-strand RNA virus vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) does not produce easily detectable amounts of dsRNA in Drosophila cells. Nevertheless, RNAi represents a potent response to VSV infection, as illustrated by the high susceptibility of RNAi-defective mutant flies to this virus. VSV-derived small RNAs produced in infected cells or flies uniformly cover the viral genome, and equally map the genome and antigenome RNAs, indicating that they derive from dsRNA. Our findings reveal that RNAi is not restricted to the defense against positive-strand or dsRNA viruses but can also be highly efficient against a negative-strand RNA virus. This result is of particular interest in view of the frequent transmission of medically relevant negative-strand RNA viruses to humans by insect vectors.
Oral Priming with Replicating Adenovirus Serotype 4 Followed by Subunit H5N1 Vaccine Boost Promotes Antibody Affinity Maturation and Expands H5N1 Cross-Clade Neutralization (2015)

A Phase I trial conducted in 2009-2010 demonstrated that oral vaccination with a replication competent Ad4-H5 (A/Vietnam) vector with dosages ranging from 107-1011 viral particles was well tolerated. HA-specific T-cell responses were efficiently induced, but very limited hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) humoral responses were measured. However, a single boost of Ad4-H5-Vtn vaccinated individuals with a unadjuvanted licensed H5N1 (A/Vietnam) subunit vaccine resulted in superior HI titers compared with unprimed subjects. In the current study, the impact of Ad4-H5 priming on the quality of the polyclonal humoral immune response was evaluated using a real-time kinetics assay by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Total binding of serum polyclonal antibodies from the Ad4-H5-Vtn primed groups against both homologous H5N1-A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (clade 1) and heterologous A/Indonesia-5/2005 (clade 2.1) HA1 head domain was significantly higher compared with sera from individuals that received subunit H5N1 vaccination alone. SPR measurements also demonstrated that the antigen-antibody complex dissociation rates (a surrogate for antibody affinity) of serum antibodies against the HA1 of H5N1-A/Vietnam were significantly higher in the Ad4-H5 primed groups compared with those from the unprimed group. Furthermore, strong correlations were observed between the antibody affinities for HA1 (but not HA2) and the virus neutralization titers against the homologous strain and a panel of heterologous clade 2 H5N1 strains. These findings support the concept of oral prime-boost vaccine approaches against pandemic influenza to elicit long-term memory B cells with high affinity capable of rapid response to variant pandemic viruses likely to emerge and adapt to human transmissions.
SAT-449 PSEUDOURIDYLATION DEFECT DUE TO DKC1 AND NOP10 MUTATIONS CAUSE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME, CATARACT, DEAFNESS AND ENTEROCOLITIS (2020)

Hereditary podocytopathies are genetically highly heterogeneous. Extra-renal symptoms, when associated, are specific for the causal gene. Two unrelated pedigrees presented with a novel infantile-onset severe disorder characterized by steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), cataracts, sensorineural deafness and enterocolitis. In the first four-generation pedigree (FamA), the disorder segregated in an X-linked pattern and in an autosomal recessive mode in the second (FamB). Since the disorder did not correspond to any of the known podocytopathies, we aimed to identify the causal genes.
Chlorite Ion Interference in the Spectrophotometric Measurement of Chlorine Dioxide (2004)

The presence of the Cl 2 O 4 − complex, which forms in chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) solutions in the presence of chlorite ion, can result in significant error in the spectrophotometric measurement of ClO 2 . In this article, the significance of the Cl 2 O 4 − complex is demonstrated and the formation constant ( K eq ) and the molar absorptivity of this complex are reported. Based on the K eq and the molar absorptivity values, two methods are proposed to correct for the presence of the complex. By using the equation suggested in this article, the error of the determined ClO 2 concentrations is reduced to the level of errors associated with the spectrophotometric measurements.
Impact of Mode Coupling on the Mode-Dependent Loss Tolerance in Few-Mode Fiber Transmission (2012)

In this work the impact of mode-dependent loss (MDL) from optical amplifiers in few-mode fibers with weak and strong mode coupling is analyzed. For a 409-Gbit/s 3MDM-DP-QPSK system it is shown that strong mode coupling reduces the impact of MDL in a similar manner polarization- dependent loss is reduced by polarization-mode dispersion.
Detection of out-of-plane and in-plane (XYZ) motions of piezoelectric microcantilever by 3D-Laser Doppler Vibrometry (2016)

This paper investigates the vibration analysis of microcantilever in the hundred kHz to MHz range using 3D Vibrometry experimental tool. These microdevices have been actuated by a piezoelectric Aluminum Nitride (AIN) 1.5 µm-thin layer. Analytical and 3D finite element method (3D-FEM) analysis using Comsol software has been performed to model vibration behavior. Typical numerical simulations and experimental results are presented and discussed. We particularly emphasize on the high detection in-plane and out-of plane motions of the microcantilevers actuated piezoelectrically in air environment. The bending, torsion and lateral modes have been successfully demonstrated. The purpose of this article is to review these latest developments tools in the microcantilever dynamic measurement and present an outlook of the future of these characterization in the next generation microsystems.
Combining Fourier and Correlation Techniques to Measure Acoustical Parameters (1973)

The basic means of measuring an impulse response by employing correlation techniques and of extending this response into the frequency domain by utilizing Fourier techniques is reviewed. Particular attention is given to the problems inherent in this form of measurement. These problems include proper utilization and interpretation of the discrete Fourier transform, proper attention to flanking paths, and proper attention to what may be termed the acoustic version of the uncertainty principal. The ramifications of this uncertainty principal to other measurement methods are also considered. Sample results of recent laboratory and in situ transmission loss measurements are presented.
Low-cost compact CWDM filter platform (2004)

We discuss recent surge of interests in coarse DWM (CWDM) applications and implied challenges for low cost and compact devices. We show that for further cost-reduction and performance enhancements, an old WDM packaging architecture can be revitalized to address the new compact CWDM (CCWDM) filter challenges. In particular, we demonstrate a CCWDM filter platform and show its use in both an 8-channel Mux/DeMux and a 4-channel OADM applications.
Inadequate Hepatitis B Vaccination and Post-Exposure Evaluation Among Transplant Surgeons (2006)

Many transplant surgeons are inadequately vaccinated against HBV and fail to seek evaluation following possible exposures. Underestimation of the risks of HBV exposure and transmission may relate to these failures. Requiring documentation of HBV vaccination and immunity to maintain operating room privileges may protect surgeons, their patients, and operating room staff.
Strategies to Interrupt the Development ofAnaplasma marginalein Its Tick Vector: The Effect of Bovine‐Derived Antibodiesa (1996)

Anaplasma marginale is a rickettsia transmitted by ticks that invades and multiplies in bovine erythrocytes causing the disease anaplasmosis. A complex developmental cycle occurs within ticks that begins in midgut cells, with subsequent infection in gut muscle cells. Final development occurs in salivary glands from where the rickettsia is transmitted to the vertebrate host. At each site of development, A. marginale multiplies within membrane-bound inclusions. Attempts to control anaplasmosis have focused on cattle and have included immunization and prophylactic treatment with tetracyclines. New strategies for control of anaplasmosis are being focused on the tick vector. Development of vaccines against hemoparasites in ticks may be feasible because vertebrate host immunoglobulins appear to cross the midgut epithelium of invertebrates and enter the hemolymph without breakdown. We tested the effect of A. marginale antibodies ingested by ticks with the bloodmeal on infections in ticks. Cattle were immunized with purified outer membrane proteins of erythrocytic-derived parasites. Infections in ticks exposed to the immunized cattle were determined using an Anaplasma-specific DNA probe, light and electron microscopy, and tick transmission studies. Vaccine-derived antibodies did not appear to affect the development and transmission of A. marginale in ticks. Further studies are needed to determine if bovine antibodies remain intact within ticks and whether the tick stage of A. marginale has unique surface antigens from the erythrocytic stage.
THE ROLE OF RANDOMNESS IN THE ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF SOFT MECHANICAL METAMATERIALS (2017)

The elastic properties of mechanical metamaterials [1–4] are direct functions of their topological designs.&#13;\nRational design approaches based on computational models could therefore be used to devise topological&#13;\ndesigns that result in the desired properties. It is particularly important to independently tailor the elastic&#13;\nmodulus and Poisson’s ratio of metamaterials. Here, we present patterned randomness as a strategy for&#13;\nindependent tailoring of both properties. Soft mechanical metamaterials incorporating various types of&#13;\npatterned randomness were fabricated using an indirect additive manufacturing technique and mechanically&#13;\ntested. Computational models were also developed to predict the topology-property relationship in a wide range&#13;\nof proposed topologies. The results of the study show that patterned randomness allows for independent&#13;\ntailoring of the elastic properties and covering a broad area of the elastic modulus-Poisson’s ratio plane. The&#13;\nuniform and homogenous topologies constitute the boundaries of the covered area, while topological designs&#13;\nwith patterned randomness fill the enclosed area.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Inorganic Reactions (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interpolation-based fuzzy logic controller, as a simplified way for constructing the fuzzy rulebase of the path tracking and collision avoidance strategy of an AGV (2002)

The application of interpolation-based approximate fuzzy reasoning methods in direct fuzzy logic control systems gives a simplified way for constructing the fuzzy rule base. The rule base of a fuzzy interpolation-based controller is not necessarily complete; it could just contain the most significant fuzzy rules without risking the chance of having no conclusion for some of the observations. In this paper, we introduce an approximate fuzzy reasoning method based on K-H interpolation in the vague environment of a fuzzy rule base which could be implemented to be simple enough for practical direct fuzzy logic control applications. For demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed approximate fuzzy reasoning method in direct fuzzy control, as a simulated complex practical application, a steering and collision avoidance strategy of an automated guided vehicle (AGV) is also introduced.