gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Satellite Data Assimilation for Improvement of Naval Undersea Capability (2004)

Impact of satellite data assimilation on naval undersea capability is investigated using ocean hydrographic products without and with satellite data assimilation. The former is the Navy's Global Digital Environmental Model (GDEM), providing a monthly mean; the latter is the Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) providing synoptic analyses based upon satellite data. The two environmental datasets are taken as the input into the Weapon Acoustic Preset Program to determine the suggested presets for an Mk 48 torpedo. The acoustic coverage area generated by the program will be used as the metric to compare the two sets of outputs. The output presets were created for two different scenarios, an anti-surface warfare (ASUW) and an anti-submarine warfare (ASW); and three different depth bands, shallow, mid, and deep. After analyzing the output, it became clear that there was a great difference in the presets for the shallow depth band, and that as depth increased, the difference between the presets decreased. Therefore, the MODAS product, and in turn the satellite data assimilation, had greatest impact in the shallow depth band. The ASW presets also seemed to be slightly less sensitive to differences than did presets in the ASUW scenario.
Acoustic Echo Cancellation by Combining Adaptive Digital Filter and Recurrent Neural Network (2020)

Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC) plays a key role in voice interaction. Due to the explicit mathematical principle and intelligent nature to accommodate conditions, adaptive filters with different types of implementations are always used for AEC, giving considerable performance. However, there would be some kinds of residual echo in the results, including linear residue introduced by mismatching between estimation and the reality and non-linear residue mostly caused by non-linear components on the audio devices. The linear residue can be reduced with elaborate structure and methods, leaving the non-linear residue intractable for suppression. Though, some non-linear processing methods have already be raised, they are complicated and inefficient for suppression, and would bring damage to the speech audio. In this paper, a fusion scheme by combining adaptive filter and neural network is proposed for AEC. The echo could be reduced in a large scale by adaptive filtering, resulting in little residual echo. Though it is much smaller than speech audio, it could also be perceived by human ear and would make communication annoy. The neural network is elaborately designed and trained for suppressing such residual echo. Experiments compared with prevailing methods are conducted, validating the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed combination scheme.
Optimized Policies for the Retransmission Probabilities in Slotted Aloha (2009)

In this paper, we study the behaviour of the slotted Aloha multiple access scheme with a finite number of users under different traffic loads and optimize the retransmission probability q r for various settings, cost objectives and policies. First, we formulate the problem as a parameter optimization problem and use certain efficient smoothed functional algorithms for finding the optimal retransmission probability parameter. Next, we propose two classes of multi-level closed-loop feedback policies (for finding in each case the retransmission probability q r that now depends on the current system state) and apply the above algorithms for finding an optimal policy within each class of policies. While one of the policy classes depends on the number of backlogged nodes in the system, the other depends on the number of time slots since the last successful transmission. The latter policies are more realistic as it is difficult to keep track of the number of backlogged nodes at each instant. We investigate the effect of increasing the number of levels in the feedback policies. We also investigate the effects of using different cost functions (with and without penalization) in our algorithms and the corresponding change in the throughput and delay using these. Both of our algorithms use two-timescale stochastic approximation. One of the algorithms uses one simulation while the other uses two simulations of the system. The two-simulation algorithm is seen to perform better than the other algorithm. Optimal multi-level closed-loop policies are seen to perform better than optimal open-loop policies. The performance further improves when more levels are used in the feedback policies.
Comparison of Virus Replication Efficiency in Lymphoid Tissues among Three Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Strains (1995)

In order to study replication efficiency of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in lymphoid tissues, both the virus titers and the virus antigen titers in four lymphoid tissues were compared among chickens inoculated with Ehime/91 (about 50% mortality), J1 (no mortality), or K (attenuated) IBDV strains during 1-7 days postinoculation (PI). IBDV antigens in tissue homogenates were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the bursa of Fabricius, higher virus titers were maintained for 1-3 days PI in chickens inoculated with Ehime/91 or J1 strains, whereas the virus titers increased gradually and reached to the peak on 3 days PI in chickens inoculated with the K strain. There were no clear differences in both the virus and the virus antigen titers in bursae and thymus between chickens inoculated with Ehime/91 and J1 stains. However, the virus and/or the virus antigen titers in spleen and bone marrow of chickens inoculated with Ehime/91 strain were higher than those of the J1-inoculated chickens. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that larger numbers of IBDV antigen-positive cells were detected in spleen and bone marrow of the Ehime/91 group than in those of the J1 group. There was almost no detectable virus and virus antigens in thymus, spleen, and bone marrow of the K-inoculated chickens throughout the experiment. These results suggest that efficient replication of IBDV not only in the bursa but also in the spleen and the bone marrow may be required for clinical infectious bursal disease.
Energy-optimal resource scheduling and computation offloading in small cell networks (2015)

This paper provides a joint optimization framework of radio resource scheduling and computation offloading in small cell LTE based networks. We consider that mobile users are served by nearby small cell base stations which can be endowed with some computational capabilities. The objective is to minimize the average energy consumption at the user terminal to run its mobile applications, either locally or remotely, while satisfying average delay constraints tolerated by these applications. For this problem, we investigate offline dynamic programming approaches and we devise two solutions: deterministic and randomized, to find the optimal radio scheduling-offloading policy. We show that the dynamic offline strategies are able of achieving optimal energy efficiency at the mobile terminals. Indeed, they can adapt the processing decisions between: local processing, offloading, and staying idle, by exploiting their knowledge on the channel conditions and the application properties.
Prevalence of respiratory viruses isolated from dogs in Thailand during 2008-2009 (2010)

Abstract Background: A highly contagious respiratory disease in canines is infectious tracheobronchitis or kennel cough characterized by inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The cause of kennel cough has been associated with multiple or complex agents such as canine adeno virus (CAV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine para influenzavirus (CPIV). Objective: Study the prevalence of canine respiratory viruses detected from in Thailand during 2008-2009. Methods: Nasal swab samples collected from 102 healthy dogs and 109 dogs with respiratory diseases. Then CAV, CIV, CDV, and CPIV were detected by in-house nested PCR and further confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. Results: Nested PCR showed that primers designed and used in this study yielded high specificity without any non-specific amplification. The prevalence of CAV, CIV, CDV and CPIV in healthy dogs was 0%, 2.94%, 2.94%, and 0.98%, whereas that found in dogs with respiratory diseases was 9.17%, 1.83%, 2.75%, and 11.93%, respectively. In healthy dogs, co-infection with CPIV + CDV was detected in only 0.98%. On the other hand, dogs with respiratory symptoms showed multiple infections with CAV + CIV in 1.83%, CIV + CPIV in 0.92%, CAV + CPIV in 1.83%, and CAV + CDV + CPIV in 0.92%. Conclusion: The prevalence data obtained from this study may be useful for outbreak preventions and to raise awareness of potential transmission of the newly emerged canine influenza virus to humans.
Tibial Insertion of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament: A Sagittal Plane Analysis Using Gross, Histologic, and Radiographic Methods (2007)

This study provides anatomic and radiographic criteria helpful for guide-pin placement in arthroscopic PCL reconstruction.
Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2012)

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, and the major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This notion is based on the presence of immune-competent cells in atherosclerotic lesions in the intima of some arteries. Many of these cells — monocytes/macrophages, T cells, some mast cells, and even a few B cells and neutrophils — are activated, producing mainly proinflammatory cytokines1,2. Of note, atherosclerosis per se is not believed to be the major cause of CVD, even though arterial narrowing can play a role. Instead, it is complications of atherosclerosis leading to rupture of atherosclerotic plaques that appear to be the main underlying factor, causing atherothrombosis as manifested by myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke2. Similarities between atherosclerosis and autoimmune diseases are indicated by studies in which adoptive transfer of ß2-glycoprotein I-reactive lymphocytes increases atherosclerosis in mouse models of atheroscleroses3. Further, the immune system can influence atherosclerosis development: immunization with heat shock protein 60/65 increases atherosclerosis4, while the opposite is the case if oxidized low-density lipoprotein is used5. It is interesting that the connection … Address correspondence to Dr. Frostegård; E-mail: johan.frostegard{at}ki.se
Fast response vibration sensor based on Bragg gratings written in tapered core fibres (2007)

Bragg gratings written in tapered core fibres permit a direct measure of mechanical vibrations with a time response better than 10 µs. The intrinsic properties of the sensors lead to a simple interrogation technique and wavelength multiplexing capacity. The sensor system is operated at 800 nm and is compact and low-cost.
Access to a public switched multi-megabit data service offering (1990)

Switched Multi-megabit Data Service (SMDS) is a service concept resulting from work at Bell Communications Research. SMDS is a public, packet switched data service that provides LAN-like performance and features over a metropolitan or wide area. It is targeted at the rapidly emerging need for high performance LAN interconnection and deployment is expected in 1991. To meet the early time objectives of SMDS, it was necessary to define the Subscriber-Network Interface (SNI) and to specify the associated SMDS Interface Protocols (SIP) to facilitate the availability of both customer premises equipment (CPE) and network equipment. The interface and associated protocols are based on the connectionless part of the IEEE P802.6 DQDB MAN MAC proposed standard.
Figure S5 from Tobacco Carcinogen–Induced Production of GM-CSF Activates CREB to Promote Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S5 shows Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) summary&lt;/p&gt;
Cyclodextrin-adamantanecarboxylate inclusion complexes: studies of the variation in cavity size (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclodextrin-adamantanecarboxylate inclusion complexes: studies of the variation in cavity sizeWilliam C. Cromwell, Katarina Bystrom, and Maurice R. EftinkCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 2, 326–332Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100248a029https://doi.org/10.1021/j100248a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1197Altmetric-Citations243LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
In Situ Hybridization of trkB and trkC Receptor mRNA in Rat Forebrain and Association with High‐affinity Binding of [125I]BDNF, [125I]NT‐4/5 and [125I]NT‐3 (1994)

The TrkB and TrkC receptor tyrosine kinases have been identified as high-affinity receptors for the neurotrophic factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) and NT-3 respectively. These receptor classes were identified and mapped by the in situ hybridization of antisense riboprobes complementary to portions of the intracellular (tyrosine kinase) or extracellular (ligand-binding) domains of trkB and trkC mRNA, and by the distribution of high-affinity [125I]BDNF, [125I]NT-4/5 and [125I]NT-3 binding sites in adjacent rat brain sections. Both methods showed that TrkB and TrkC receptors are abundant and widely expressed throughout the brain. Kinase or extracellular domain trkC probes labelled neuronal somata in a qualitatively similar manner in virtually every major area of the forebrain. Neither trkC probe labelled non-neuronal cells except for elements within cerebral arteries and arterioles. The kinase domain trkB probe hybridized exclusively to neurons. Neurons expressing trkB were even more widely distributed than those expressing trkC. The extracellular domain trkB probe labelled neurons with the same relative distribution as the trkB kinase domain probe, but also hybridized extensively with non-neural cells, particularly astrocytes, ependyma and choroid epithelium cells. The distribution of [125I]NT-3 binding sites generally resembled that of trkC hybridization, particularly in the neocortex, striatum and thalamus. [125I]BDNF and [125I]NT-4/5 binding sites were more widely distributed and denser than those for [125I]NT-3, and resembled the trkB hybridization pattern. These patterns are consistent with the preferential binding in the brain of TrkC receptors by [125I]NT-3 and of TrkB receptors by [125I]BDNF and [125I]NT-4/5. That the predominantly neuronal patterns of hybridization obtained with kinase and extracellular domain probes for trkC are qualitatively indistinguishable suggests that truncated and full-length forms of TrkC are expressed within extensively overlapping populations of neurons. In marked contrast to TrkC, expression of the full-length and truncated forms of TrkB appears to be largely segregated, being expressed principally on neurons and non-neuronal cells respectively. The abundant and widespread neuronal distribution of full-length, signal-transducing forms of TrkB and TrkC predict that their cognate ligands, BDNF, NT-4/5 and NT-3, may exert direct effects on a large proportion of neurons within the mature brain.
Radiofrequency renal nerve ablation decreases blood pressure in SHR accompanied by increased urinary sodium excretion (857.4) (2014)

We have shown that radiofrequency catheter ablation of the renal arteries (RF‐RDN) decreases blood pressure (BP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Here, we studied the effects of RF‐RDN on changes in water and sodium excretion and urinary angiotensinogen levels in SHR with established hypertension. Methods Nineteen‐week old male SHR were instrumented with telemetry probes for measurement of BP. After 1‐week, control BP was measured. The next day SHR randomly received either bilateral Sham‐RDN (n=5) or RF‐RDN (n=6) of the renal arteries (Biosense Webster Stockert 70 generator and RF‐probe). BP (Systolic, SBP; Diastolic, DBP) was then measured for 2 weeks. Rats were then placed in metabolic cages for collection of urine and measurement of 24‐hr water and sodium balance. Results BP was significantly decreased in RF‐RDN SHR (2 weeks; ΔSBP, ‐12±5; ΔDBP, ‐9±4 mmHg) as compared to sham SHR (2 weeks; ΔSBP, ‐2±2; ΔDBP, 2±2 mmHg). RF‐RDN SHR increased urinary sodium excretion (RF‐RDN, 0.33±0.02; Sham, 0.25±0.03 mEq/day) and food intake (RF‐RDN 21±1; Sham 17±1 g/day). However, there were no significant differences between groups in 24‐hr daily water (RF‐RDN, 21±1; Sham, 19±2 ml) or sodium balance (RF‐RDN, 0.59±0.04; Sham, 0.48±0.06 mEq), or urinary angiotensinogen, protein and creatinine excretion rates. At the end of week 2, kidney norepinephrine levels in RF‐RDN rats (left, 0±0; right, 10±10 ng/g kidney) were markedly decreased compared with levels from sham SHR (left, 130±10; right, 110±10 ng/g kidney). Conclusions These data demonstrate that in hypertensive SHR, bilateral RF‐RDN produces an increase in urinary sodium excretion, which may potentially contribute to the concurrent decrease in BP. Grant Funding Source : Biosense Webster IIS‐175 to DRK &amp; FS; P30 GM103337 to LGN; P20 GM103514 to DRK
Light-hole resonant tunneling through a tensile-strained GaAsP quantum well (1997)

We report the demonstration of resonant tunneling of holes through an AlAs/GaAs0.7P0.3 double-barrier heterostructure. The tensile strain in the quantum well is large enough to reverse the order of the light- and heavy-hole levels (the first light-hole level is the ground state). The I(V) characteristic of this structure is measured and compared to a standard AlAs/GaAs unstrained one. As expected, the peak current density of the first light-hole resonance and its peak-to-valley current ratio are enhanced (they reach 28 A/cm2 and 3.4:1 at 15 K). Negative differential resistance is observed up to 250 K.
Systemic zinc redistribution and dyshomeostasis in cancer cachexia (2010)

Cachexia affects up to two thirds of all cancer patients and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. It is a complex metabolic syndrome associated with the underlying illness and characterized by loss of skeletal muscle tissue with or without loss of fat mass. Cachexia's other prominent clinical symptoms include anorexia, systemic inflammation, pediatric growth failure, and hypogonadism. The relationship between the symptoms of cancer cachexia and the underlying illness is unclear, and there is an urgent need for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this syndrome. Normal Zn metabolism is often disrupted in cancer patients, but the possible effects of systemic Zn dyshomeostasis in cachexia have not been investigated. We propose that the acute phase response can mediate Zn redistribution and accumulation in skeletal muscle tissue and contribute to the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway that regulates protein catabolism. This chronic redistribution deprives Zn from other tissues and organs and compromises critical physiological functions in the body. The cardinal symptoms of Zn deficiency are anorexia, systemic inflammation, growth failure in children, and hypogonadism. These symptoms also prominently characterize cancer cachexia suggesting that the role of systemic Zn dyshomeostasis in cachexia should be investigated.
Appropriate Uses of Air Quality Models for Developing Regional Ozone Plans and Related Planning Issues: Issues and Problems for Both the 1-Hour and 8-Hour U.S. Ozone Standards as they Affect Petroleum Production Areas (1999)

Abstract In July 1997, EPA revised the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone to an 8-hour average of 80 parts per billion standard. Oil exploration and production areas in California and adjacent to the Gulf Coast states will be impacted by this change, as these areas will most likely be nonattainment for the new standard. The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments led to many areas in the United States undertaking ozone modeling in order to fulfil the requirements for demonstrating attainment of the one-hour 120 ppb ozone standard. However, this approach, which assumes that a deterministic model can be used to predict emissions reductions that will result in no exceedance of a probabilistic standard is very questionable. Further, in reality, the requirements do not encourage agencies to explore the ramifications of different strategy options, beyond that of the attainment strategy. Recent work suggests that the new 8-hour ozone standard may be impossible to attain for a number of areas, including the oil production area in the San Joaquin Valley. Consequently, decisions on emissions reduction strategies for these areas need to be based on considerations other than demonstrating attainment. Among these considerations are maximizing reduction of population exposure, reduction in the areal extent of ozone concentrations above the standard, and reduction of the peak. Also, because recent studies have highlighted some real concerns with the adequacy of ozone modeling, a new approach to planning is recommended. This would utilize a process that would use both modeling and non –modeling information to develop a plan, along with an iterative review of the modeling and analysis of changes in ozone over 5 to 6 years after enactment of the plan to determine if the original strategy was on target. In addition, the issues described for ozone modeling also are relevant for other planning requirements such as for the PM 2.5 standard and regional haze regulation. These additional problems will be highlighted at the end of this paper.
Industrial Synthesis of (+)-cis-Methyl Dihydrojasmonate by Enantioselective Catalytic Hydrogenation; Identification of the Precatalyst [Ru((−)-Me-DuPHOS)(H)(η6-1,3,5-cyclooctatriene)](BF4) (2000)

Prototypes of new families of precatalysts and catalysts, [Ru((−)-Me-DuPHOS)(H)(η6-1,3,5-cyclooctatriene)](BF4) and the derived “[Ru((−)-Me-DuPHOS)(H)(sol)](BF4)”, are presented. They are used in an industrial, catalytic, enantioselective hydrogenation that leads to (+)-cis-methyl dihydrojasmonate [Eq. (1)]. This stereoisomer is the odorant component of an important, large volume perfumery chemical. P−P=Diphosphane ligand (for example, Me-DuPHOS=1,2-bis((2R,5R)-2,5-dimethylphospholanyl)benzene); sol=solvent.
Wide-screen broadcast TV-a commercial reality (1990)

British Satellite Broadcasting's Movie channel is of particular interest in the development of higher definition television, in that this channel takes advantage of the wide aspect ratio (16:9) capabilities of the MAC system, as built into all receivers. From the start of service, the films offered on this channel can be view on conventional 4:3 aspect ratio DBS receivers without the need for such techniques as 'letter-boxing', while at the same time being capable of being displayed on a new generation of wide-screen (16:9) television sets. This represents the first step along the 'evolutionary' road to high definition television. >