gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Facile Method for the Preparation of Gold Glyconanoparticles from Free Oligosaccharides and Their Applicability in Carbohydrate‐Protein Interaction Studies (2005)

Abstract The weak binding affinity of monomeric oligosaccharides with carbohydrate‐binding proteins are hampering their use in in‐vivo and in‐vitro bio‐assays. Gold glyconanoparticles (GNPs), prepared from synthetic oligosaccharides, have been used to overcome this weak binding affinity. In this paper, a convenient method for the preparation of GNPs from free oligosaccharides is presented. The reductive amination of saccharides with trityl‐protected cysteamine, followed by de‐tritylation, afforded cysteamine‐extended saccharides that could be used for the preparation of GNPs under reducing conditions in water. The robust chemistry and facile purification of intermediate and final compounds ensure high yields and reproducible results and the, subsequent, preparation of GNPs proceeded smoothly, even with minute quantities (nanomolar scale) of the cysteamine‐extended saccharide. The described method was used to synthesize a series of gluco ‐ and manno ‐oligosaccharide‐containing GNPs. The prepared GNPs were validated in interaction studies with Con A, using either surface plasmon resonance (SPR), UV/Vis spectroscopy, or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The described method for the preparation of water‐soluble gold glyconanoparticles can be used for the identification of carbohydrate ligands for novel carbohydrate‐binding proteins, and can find application as inhibitors of pathological interactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Advent of Near-Atomic Resolution in Single-Particle Electron Microscopy (2009)

Single-particle electron microscopy (EM) can provide structural information for a large variety of biological molecules, ranging from small proteins to large macromolecular assemblies, without the need to produce crystals. The year 2008 has become a landmark year for single-particle EM as for the first time density maps have been produced at a resolution that made it possible to trace protein backbones or even to build atomic models. In this review, we highlight some of the recent successes achieved by single-particle EM and describe the individual steps involved in producing a density map by this technique. We also discuss some of the remaining challenges and areas, in which further advances would have a great impact on the results that can be achieved by single-particle EM.
Ligand-induced Internalization and Recycling of the Human Neuropeptide Y2 Receptor Is Regulated by Its Carboxyl-terminal Tail (2010)

Agonist-induced internalization of G protein-coupled receptors plays an important role in signal regulation. The underlying mechanisms of the internalization of the human neuropeptide Y(2) receptor (hY(2)R), as well as its desensitization, endocytosis, and resensitization are mainly unknown. In the present study we have investigated the role of carboxyl-terminal (C-terminal) Ser/Thr residues and acidic amino acids in regulating receptor internalization, arrestin interaction, and recycling by fluorescence microscopy, cell surface enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer in several cell lines. Strikingly, C-terminal truncation mutants revealed two different internalization motifs. Whereas a distal motif (373)DSXTEXT(379) was found to be the primary regulatory internalization sequence acting in concert with arrestin-3, the proximal motif (347)DXXXSEXSXT(356) promoted ligand-induced internalization in an arrestin-3-independent manner. Moreover, we identified a regulatory sequence located between these internalization motifs ((357)FKAKKNLEVRKN(368)), which serves as an inhibitory element. We found that hY(2)R recycling is also governed by structural determinants within the proximal internalization motif. In conclusion, these results indicate that the hY(2)R C terminus is involved in multiple molecular events that regulate internalization, interaction with arrestin-3, and receptor resensitization. Our findings provide novel insights into complex mechanisms of controlled internalization of hY(2)R, which is likely applicable to other GPCRs.
On Using Priors in Affine Matching. (2002)

Abstract In this paper, we consider the generative model for affine transformations on point sets and show how a priori information on the noise and the transformation can be incorporated into the model resulting in more accurate algorithms. While invariants have been widely used, the existing literature fails to fully account for the uncertainties introduced by both noise and the transformation. We show how using such priors leads to algorithms for Bayesian estimation and a probabilistic interpretation of invariants which addresses the limitations of current methods. We present synthetic and real results for object recognition, image registration and determining object planarity to demonstrate the power of using priors for image comparison.
Multiple left distributive systems (1997)

summary:We describe the free objects in the variety of algebras involving several mutually distributive binary operations. Also, we show how an associative operation can be constructed on such systems in good cases, thus obtaining a two way correspondence between LD-monoids (sets with a left self-distributive and a compatible associative operation) and multi-LD-systems (sets with a family of mutually distributive operations).
MODELING THE STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A MEMBRANE PNEUMATIC VALVE IN MATLAB (2020)

To create static models of actuators, linear or polynomial equations are used. Such models do not provide the necessary accuracy for the entire system, although they give an adequate result in a specific area of the process under consideration. In addition, the technical values of the coefficients in polynomial equations cannot always be explained. Analytical modeling of the static characteristics of the object allows us to analyze the influence of the parameters of the object on the overall model. After the model structure is built, the experimental determination of its coefficients ensures that an adequate model can be achieved faster. In this work, a static model of a membrane pneumatic actuator is constructed by the analytical method. The coefficients of the model parameters were determined experimentally. The model and actual results of the process were comparatively analyzed.
Production of siRNA- and cDNA-Transfected Cell Arrays on Noncoated Chambered Coverglass for High-Content Screening Microscopy in Living Cells (2006)

In this chapter, we provide a protocol for the production of transfected cell arrays in living mammalian cells on noncoated chambered coverglass for the systematic functional analyses of human genes by high-content screening microscopy. This method should facilitate drug target validation by small-interfering RNAs.
Experimental sensitivity analysis of multi-standard power amplifiers nonlinear characterization under modulated signals (2010)

This paper proposes an experimental analysis focusing on the sensitivity of three behavioral models, Memory Polynomial (MP), Augmented Hammerstein (AH) and the two hidden layers artificial neural networks (2HLANN) to the characteristics of the input signal driving the power amplifier (PA) to be linearized. The analysis is carried out by changing separately each signal characteristic, respectively the peak to average power ratio (PAPR), the Probability density function (PDF), and the modulation bandwidth and assess the sensitivity of the DPD to that change. When used to linearise a 250 Watt peak-envelop-power Doherty PA, the considered models showed relatively small sensitivity to the variation of these signal characteristics. Yet, the 2HLANN was found to be the most robust model with excellent linearization capabilities.
Probabilistic Temporal Networks. (1996)

Abstract : Complex real-world systems consist of collections of interacting processes/events. These processes change over time in response to both internal and external stimuli as well as to the passage of time itself. Many domains such as real-time systems diagnosis, story understanding, and financial forecasting require the capability to model complex systems under a unified framework to deal with both time and uncertainty. Current models for uncertainty and current models for time already provide rich languages to capture uncertainty and temporal information respectively. Unfortunately, these semantics have made it extremely difficult to unify time and uncertainty in a way which cleanly and adequately models the problem domains at hand. This is further compounded by the practical necessity of efficient knowledge engineering under such a unified framework. Existing approaches suffer from significant trade offs between strong semantics for uncertainty and strong semantics for time. In this paper, we define and explore a new model, the Probabilistic Temporal Network, for representing temporal and atemporal information while fully embracing probabilistic semantics. The model allows representation of time constrained causality, of when and if events occur, and of the periodic and recurrent nature of processes. A constraint satisfaction formulation is presented for belief revision as well as a polynomial solvable class.
Superiority of Multiple-level Cervical Arthroplasty Outcomes versus Single-level Outcomes in 229 Consecutive Porous Coated Motion Prostheses (2007)

Pimenta, Luiz H.D.M.; McAfee, Paul C. M.D.; Cunningham, Bryan W. M.Sc.; Cappuccino, Andy M.D.; Lhamby, Juliano M.D.; Gharzeddine, Ihab M.D.; Pesántez, Carlos Fernando Arias M.D.
Mechanisms of Systemic Effects (2005)

Current deﬁnitions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) focus exclusively in the lungs (1-4). Over the past 10 years, however, different studies have clearly shown that COPD is often associated with signiﬁcant extrapulmonary abnormalities, the so-called ‘‘systemic effects’’ of COPD (5). Table 1 shows the main systemic effects described to date.
Highly Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Molybdenum Oxide Buffer Layer (2010)

For improving the power conversion efficiency and fill factor of the organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ) can be used as a buffer layer. In this study, we fabricated OPVs by inserting a thin and transparent molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ) layer between the transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) and the organic photoactive layer, with the configuration of ITO/MoO 3 (10 nm)/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC 60 BM)/lithium fluoride (LiF)/Al. By spin-coating, the device showed power conversion efficiencies as high as 4.2% under AM 1.5G (100 mW/cm 2 ), enhanced fill factor of 0.67, a short circuit current density ( J sc ) of 9.32 mA/cm 2 , and open-circuit voltage ( V oc ) of 0.67 V. In the case of flexible OPVs, device with 10-nm-thick MoO 3 buffer or 45-nm-thick PEDOT:PSS buffer exhibited the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and fill factor (FF) of 1.54% and 0.44 or 0.76% and 0.30, respectively.
The Butterfly Dimer [(tBu3SiO)Cr]2(μ-OSitBu3)2 and Its Oxidative Cleavage to (tBu3SiO)2Cr(N−NCPh2)2 and (tBu3SiO)2CrN(2,6-Ph2-C6H3) (2006)

Treatment of CrCl2(THF)2 with NaOSitBu3 afforded the butterfly dimer [(tBu3SiO)Cr]2(mu-OSitBu3)2 (1(2)), whose d(CrCr) of 2.658(31) A and magnetism were indicative of strong antiferromagnetic coupling. A Boltzmann distribution of low-energy 1A1, 3B1, 5A1, 7B1, and 9A1 states obtained from calculations on [(HO)2Cr]2(muOH)2 (1'(2)) were used to provide a reasonable fit of the mu(eff) vs T data. Cleavage of 1(2) with various L (L = 4-picoline, p-tolunitrile, tBuCN, tBuNC, Ph2CO, and PMe3) generated (tBu3SiO)2CrL2 (1-L2). The dimer was oxidatively severed by Ph2CN2 to give (tBu3SiO)2Cr(N2CPh2)2 (2) and by RN3 at 23 degrees C to afford (silox)2Cr=NR (3-R) for bulky R (adamantyl (Ad), 2,6-iPr2-C6H3, 2,4,6-Me3-C6H2 = Mes, 2,6-Ph2-C6H3) and (tBu3SiO)2Cr(=NR)2 (4-R) for smaller substituents (R = 1-Naph, 2-Anth). X-ray structural studies were conducted on 1(2), square planar 1-(OCPh2)2, pseudo-Td 2 and pseudo-trigonal 3-(2,6-Ph2-C6H3), whose S = 1 ground state was discussed on the basis of calculations of (H3SiO)2Cr=NPh (3' '-Ph).
Tumor Necrosis Factor–α–Induced Insulin Resistance May Mediate The Hepatitis C Virus–Diabetes Association (2003)

Excessive TNF-alpha response characterizes HCV-infected patients who develop DM. STNFR may be a marker for the development of DM in chronic hepatitis C.
Group Contribution Values for the Thermodynamic Functions of Hydration at 298.15 K, 0.1 MPa. 4. Aliphatic Nitriles and Dinitriles (2006)

A compilation of experimental values of the infinite dilution partial molar Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and heat capacity of hydration together with partial molar volumes in water at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa is presented for aliphatic nitriles and dinitriles. These data are treated in the framework of the first- and second-order group additivity methods. Thermodynamic properties are determined for the first-order CN group and for the following second-order groups: C-(CN)(C)(H)2, C-(CN)(C)2(H), and CN-(C). The relatively long-range dipole−dipole interactions of two terminal nitrile groups require additional corrections, {CN-(CH2)2-CN}corr and {CN-(CH2)3-CN}corr, for lower dinitriles. New experimental studies of aqueous branched mononitriles and lower dinitriles (particularly propanedinitrile) are required to expand the usefulness and accuracy of group contribution models for aqueous nitriles.
Supplemental Figure 4 from TGFβ-Induced Lung Cancer Cell Migration Is NR4A1-Dependent (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Interactions of NR4A1, SMAD7 and other proteasome complex proteins.&lt;/p&gt;
Influence of zirconium propoxide on the radical induced photopolymerisation of hybrid sol–gel materials (2008)

This study emphasizes the role of zirconium propoxide on the free-radical photopolymerisation of hybrid organic–inorganic material based on 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS). By means of atomic force microscopy in pulsed force mode and real-time Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, it is shown that the addition of zirconium complex in the hybrid sol–gel material leads to a well-polymerised and hydrophilic surface under UV-illumination. By contrast, sols without zirconium complex exhibit soft and sticky surfaces. The study also demonstrates an unexpected role of oxygen in the photopolymerisation process. Indeed oxygen is well-known being a strong inhibitor of the radical polymerisation. However, in the present case, it interacts with Zr(OPr)4 and participates in a positive way to the photochemical process. During the irradiation, radicals react with O2 to form peroxyl radicals that are generally inert towards the photopolymerisation. By using laser flash photolysis, it was proved that these radicals combine with zirconium propoxide to form new initiating species that contribute to further free-radical photopolymerisation.
A Language Independent Approach to Identify Problematic Conversations in Call Centers (1970)

Voice based call centers enable customers query for information by speaking to human agents. Most often these call conversations are recorded by call centers with the intent of trying to identify things that can help improve the performance of the call center to serve the customer better. Today the recorded conversations are analyzed by humans by listening to call conversations, which is both time consuming, fatigue prone and not very accurate. Additionally, humans are able to analyze only a small percentage of the total calls because of economics. In this paper which is based on [1], we propose a visual method to identify problem calls quickly. The idea is to sieve through all the calls and identify problem calls, these calls can then be further analyzed by human. We first model call conversations as a directed graph and then identify a directed graph structure associated with a normal call. All call conversations that do not have the structure of a normal call are then classified as being abnormal. We use the speaking rate feature to model call conversation because it can spot potential problem calls. We have experimented on real call center conversations acquired from different call centers and the results are encouraging.
Phenotype-optimized sequence ensembles substantially improve prediction of disease-causing mutation in cystic fibrosis (2012)

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation is associated with a phenotypic spectrum that includes cystic fibrosis (CF). The disease liability of some common CFTR mutations is known, but rare mutations are seen in too few patients to categorize unequivocally, making genetic diagnosis difficult. Computational methods can predict the impact of mutation, but prediction specificity is often below that required for clinical utility. Here, we present a novel supervised learning approach for predicting CF from CFTR missense mutation. The algorithm begins by constructing custom multiple sequence alignments called phenotype-optimized sequence ensembles (POSEs). POSEs are constructed iteratively, by selecting sequences that optimize predictive performance on a training set of CFTR mutations of known clinical significance. Next, we predict CF disease liability from a different set of CFTR mutations (test-set mutations). This approach achieves improved prediction performance relative to popular methods recently assessed using the same test-set mutations. Of clinical significance, our method achieves 94% prediction specificity. Because databases such as HGMD and locus-specific mutation databases are growing rapidly, methods that automatically tailor their predictions for a specific phenotype may be of immediate utility. If the performance achieved here generalizes to other systems, the approach could be an excellent tool to help establish genetic diagnoses.
Tuning Regioselectivity of Wacker Oxidation in One Catalytic System: Small Change Makes Big Step (2018)

A regioselectivity switchable aerobic Wacker-Tsuji oxidation has been developed using catalytic tert-butyl nitrite as a simple organic redox cocatalyst. By solely switching the solvent, either substituted aldehydes or ketones could be prepared under mild aerobic conditions in good yields, respectively. A mechanistic explanation for the selectivity control is proposed.
Alpha toxin from Clostridium perfringens induces proinflammatory changes in endothelial cells. (1997)

Alpha toxin from Clostridium perfringens type A, a phospholipase C, has been implicated in many of the localized and systemic features of gas gangrene. We demonstrated that human endothelial cells synthesize two vasoactive lipids, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and prostacyclin, in response to alpha toxin treatment. The stimulated synthesis of PAF required the enzymatic activity of the toxin and subsequent protein kinase C activation. Alpha toxin-treated endothelial cells accumulated the products of the phospholipase C reaction, diacylglycerol and ceramide, and exhibited a decrease in the enzymatic precursors phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. Furthermore, the temporal accumulation of PAF depended on the concentration of the toxin in the overlying medium and was blocked in the presence of a neutralizing antibody. The cultured endothelial cells also exhibited enhanced neutrophil adhesion in response to alpha toxin which was mediated through the PAF receptor and P-selectin. P-selectin expression by endothelial cells and extravascular neutrophil accumulation were also observed in tissue sections from alpha toxin-injected Sprague-Dawley rats. These endothelial cell-mediated processes are important in maintaining vascular homeostasis and, when activated in a dysregulated manner by C. perfringens alpha toxin, may contribute to localized and systemic manifestations of gas gangrene including enhanced vascular permeability, localized neutrophil accumulation, and myocardial dysfunction.
Early stage small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (2001)

A 73-year-old man with primary small cell carcinoma of the bladder underwent radical cystectomy. The pathological findings revealed the tumor confined to the submucosal layer (pT1) without metastasis. No adjuvant chemotherapy was carried out. He is alive with no evidence of the disease 24 months after the operation.
A Performance Study for Two Current Sensor Free Single-Cell Maximum Power Point Tracking Methods for High Performance Vehicle Solar Arrays (2006)

Two Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control algorithms have been previously developed for the single high performance dual junction or triple junction solar cells for hybrid and electric vehicle applications. These algorithms are respectively based on the Perturb and Observe (P&amp;O) and the Incremental Conductance (IncCond) methods but remove the need for current sensing devices. This paper provides a comparison of the two MPPT control algorithms and a detailed performance evaluation of the two algorithms under both static and dynamic tests. The Incremental Conduction algorithm achieved slightly better results and static tracking accuracy of 99% .
Murine Perinatal β-Cell Proliferation and the Differentiation of Human Stem Cell–Derived Insulin-Expressing Cells Require NEUROD1 (2019)

Inactivation of the β-cell transcription factor NEUROD1 causes diabetes in mice and humans. In this study, we uncovered novel functions of NEUROD1 during murine islet cell development and during the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) into insulin-producing cells. In mice, we determined that Neurod1 is required for perinatal proliferation of α- and β-cells. Surprisingly, apoptosis only makes a minor contribution to β-cell loss when <i>Neurod1</i> is deleted. Inactivation of <i>NEUROD1</i> in HESCs severely impaired their differentiation from pancreatic progenitors into insulin-expressing (HESC-β) cells; however, survival or proliferation was not affected at the time points analyzed. NEUROD1 was also required in HESC-β cells for the full activation of an essential β-cell transcription factor network. These data reveal conserved and distinct functions of NEUROD1 during mouse and human β-cell development and maturation, with important implications about the function of NEUROD1 in diabetes.
Characteristics of Flame and Heat Release Under Flash Boiling Condition at Varying Injection Timing (2021)

Flash boiling spray is a multiphase flow that constantly generates vapor bubbles inside the liquid spray. Compared with sub-cooled spray, the spray atomization effect can be significantly improved. Therefore, the flash boiling spray has been a research hotspot in recent years. In this paper, to explore the effect of flash boiling on the combustion process at different injection timing, a visualized combustion analysis of flash boiling spray and sub-cooled spray combustion at different injection timing is carried out by using an optical engine and through cylinder pressure and optical diagnostic techniques. The results reveal that the combustion performance using flash boiling sprays is superior to that using sub-cooled sprays under different injection timing. Flash boiling atomization can usually increase the flame velocity during flame generation and development, and improve the turbulence of flame. In addition, the flash boiling spray leads to a higher propagation rate of flame and higher heat release rate during combustion.
2,3-Secoaromadendrane-, Aromadendrane- and Maaliane-Type Sesquiterpenoids from Liverwort (1995)

(1995). 2,3-Secoaromadendrane-, Aromadendrane- and Maaliane-Type Sesquiterpenoids from Liverwort. Journal of Essential Oil Research: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 343-345.