gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Magnesium Corrosion Rate has an Effect on Osteoclast and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Role During Bone Remodelling (2018)

The aim of this study was to gain an understanding on the collective cellular effects of magnesium (Mg) corrosion products on the behaviour of cells responsible for bone formation and remodelling. The response of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoclast cells to both soluble (Mg ions) and insoluble (granule) corrosion products were recapitulated in vitro by controlling the concentration of the corrosion products. Clearance of corrosion granules by MSCs was also inspected by TEM analysis at sub-cellular level. The effect of Mg corrosion products varied depending on the state of differentiation of cells, concentration and length of exposure. The presence of the corrosion products significantly altered the cells' metabolic and proliferative activities, which further affected cell fusion/differentiation. While cells tolerated higher than physiological range of Mg concentration (16 mM), concentrations below 10 mM were beneficial for cell growth. Furthermore, MSCs were shown to contribute to the clearance of intercellular corrosion granules, whilst high concentrations of corrosion products negatively impacted on osteoclast progenitor cell number and mature osteoclast cell function.
Interictal cortical excitability to magnetic stimulation in familial hemiplegic migraine (1997)

We studied interictal cortical excitability with magnetic stimulation in controls, in patients with migraine with aura, and in patients with familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), in which ictal hemiparesis occurs. Amplitudes (p < 0.05) and amplitude ratios (p < 0.01) revealed heightened excitability in migraine with aura when compared to controls. In patients with FHM, mean thresholds were higher (p < 0.001) and conduction times longer (p < 0.01) than in controls. In FHM, amplitudes were lower on the ictally paretic side of the body than on the other (p < 0.05). Patients with FHM may have increased interictal cortical excitability, complicated by decreased excitability of the affected side.
Views (2010)

We present views, a new approach to controlling concurrency. Fine-grained locking is often necessary to increase concurrency. Correctly implementing fine-grained locking with today's concurrency primitives can be challenging---race conditions often plague programs with sophisticated locking schemes. Views ease the task of implementing sophisticated locking schemes and provide static checks to automatically detect many data races.
Inverse associations between serum afamin concentrations and inflammatory biomarkers in an older adult population: Results from KORA F4 study (2019)

A meta-analysis of eight cohorts reported an association between higher concentrations of afamin, a vitamin E-binding glycoprotein, and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This association may be partially explained by inflammation. However, while the association between inflammation and T2D is well investigated, the association between inflammation and afamin remains unclear. Therefore, we hypothesized that afamin might be positively associated with pro- and inversely related to anti-inflammatory biomarkers implicated in T2D.
Phase matching using bandgap structures for efficient parametric frequency conversion (2011)

We propose a method of efficient parametric process for frequency conversion. One of the most important conditions for such nonlinear processes is phase matching. Previously, nonlinear transmission lines (NLTL) consisting of varactors have been used for harmonic generation. In this paper, we discuss the fundamental limitation, i.e. the inability to guarantee phase matching, of these conventional NLTLs. To overcome this shortcoming, a passive structure exhibiting frequency bandgap is proposed and subsequently proved that such bandgaps lead to accurate phase matching in harmonic/subharmonic frequency generation. We provide analytical treatment of the proposed structure and also report simulation results. As a proof of this concept, measurement results of a frequency doubler prototype are presented. It provides an output of 300MHz with a conversion loss of as low as 4.9dB with only five sections of the proposed structure.
Considerations regarding dental implant surfaces, bone reaction and “Peri-implantitis” (2018)

This article explains, based on a long-term observation, the hard-tissue reaction to different endosseous implant surfaces and different implant designs. A patient who had received a full maxillary implant-supported restoration on basal implants and compression screws followed by immediate loading presented no clinical problems at the 20-year follow-up, but the X-ray examination revealed different hard tissue reactions to different implant types. No bone loss was found around lateral basal implants with fully polished vertical aspects, whereas crater-like bone loss was observed around the vertical shafts of implants with a roughened surface and macromechanical retentions. The case seems to indicate that roughened surfaces around the crestal transmucosal aspect of a dental implant may promote vertical bone loss and peri-implantitis.
Remote pointcut (2004)

This paper presents our extension to AspectJ for distributed computing. Although AspectJ allows Java developers to modularize a crosscutting concern as an aspect, this paper shows that some crosscutting concerns in distributed computing are not modularized in AspectJ as simple aspects. Rather, aspects modularizing such a concern tend to be in code spread over multiple hosts and explicitly communicated across the network. This paper illustrates this fact with an example of testing a distributed program written in AspectJ with Java RMI. To address this complexity caused by network communication, this paper proposes an extension to AspectJ for distributed computing. The language construct that we call remote pointcut enables developers to write a simple aspect to modularize crosscutting concerns distributed on multiple hosts. This paper presents DJcutter, which is our AspectJ-like language supporting remote pointcuts.
Impaired indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase production contributes to the development of autoimmunity in primary biliary cirrhosis (2008)

The immunomodulatory effects of the tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) have been elucidated at a cellular level and implicated in the pathogenesis of several complex diseases. Defects within the regulatory T cell compartment are one of the characteristics of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), an autoimmune chronic cholestatic liver disease, a phenotype that has also been shown in disease-mimicking animal models of this disease. We hypothesized that IDO dysregulation could lead to altered frequency and/or function of T cells at the level of antigen processing/presentation and we thus investigated IDO in peripheral monocytes and bile duct cells from patients with PBC. Both expression and activation manifested an impaired IFN-gamma response in peripheral monocytes while a peculiar IDO expression profile in bile duct cells characterized early stage PBC. Further, we observed an increased frequency of a gain-of-function SNP within the TGF-beta promoter region, a molecule known to suppress IDO transcription. In conclusion, we submit that an impaired IDO induction characterizes PBC and might represent a contributing factor in disease pathogenesis in association with several specific defects in the target tissue.
GASP: Genetic Algorithms for Service Placement in Fog Computing Systems (2019)

Fog computing is becoming popular as a solution to support applications based on geographically distributed sensors that produce huge volumes of data to be processed and filtered with response time constraints. In this scenario, typical of a smart city environment, the traditional cloud paradigm with few powerful data centers located far away from the sources of data becomes inadequate. The fog computing paradigm, which provides a distributed infrastructure of nodes placed close to the data sources, represents a better solution to perform filtering, aggregation, and preprocessing of incoming data streams reducing the experienced latency and increasing the overall scalability. However, many issues still exist regarding the efficient management of a fog computing architecture, such as the distribution of data streams coming from sensors over the fog nodes to minimize the experienced latency. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, we present an optimization model for the problem of mapping data streams over fog nodes, considering not only the current load of the fog nodes, but also the communication latency between sensors and fog nodes. Second, to address the complexity of the problem, we present a scalable heuristic based on genetic algorithms. We carried out a set of experiments based on a realistic smart city scenario: the results show how the performance of the proposed heuristic is comparable with the one achieved through the solution of the optimization problem. Then, we carried out a comparison among different genetic evolution strategies and operators that identify the uniform crossover as the best option. Finally, we perform a wide sensitivity analysis to show the stability of the heuristic performance with respect to its main parameters.
Placement of endovascular embolization microcoils to localize the site of breast lesions removed at stereotactic core biopsy. (1998)

In 13 cases, a breast abnormality was inadvertently removed during stereotactic core biopsy, and a 0.5- or 1.0-cm-long endovascular embolization microcoil was placed to mark the biopsy site. In seven patients, the microcoils allowed successful preoperative localization of the lesion site. In six patients, 6-month follow-up mammograms showed no change in microcoil position. Placement of embolization microcoils helped localize the site of breast lesions removed during stereotactic core biopsy.
Methodology for quantitative determination of the carbohydrate composition of brown seaweeds (Laminariaceae) (2014)

The monosaccharide composition of four different samples of brown seaweeds <italic>Laminaria digitata</italic> and <italic>Saccharina latissima</italic> were compared by different high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) methods after different acid hydrolysis treatments or a cellulase treatment.
pH-Sensitive Theranostic Nanoparticles for Targeting Bacteria with Fluorescence Imaging and Dual-Modal Antimicrobial Therapy (2018)

Bacterial infections with severely damaging consequences are serious threats to the public healthcare system. A pH-sensitive theranostic system was fabricated for targeting bacteria with fluorescence imaging and dual-modal antimicrobial therapy (cationic and photodynamic therapies). Poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)-b-poly(2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-chlorin e6 (PPEGMA-b-P(DPA-co-HEMA)-Ce6) was synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and post-modification. The self-assembled PPEGMA-b-P(DPA-co-HEMA)-Ce6 nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean diameter of about 78 nm and polydispersity index of 0.27 were obtained through the dialysis method. The surface potential of PPEGMA-b-P(DPA-co-HEMA)-Ce6 NPs can undergo changes from negative (−1.45 mV) at pH 7.4 to highly positive (+11.6 mV) at pH 6.0, as characterized by the zetasizer. The extent of interaction between the PPEGMA-b-P(DPA-co-HEMA)-Ce6 NPs and bacteria (Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)), evaluated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, was rather limited at pH 7.4. However, the PPEGMA-b-P(DPA-co-HEMA)-Ce6 NPs bind bacteria effectively and achieve fluorescence bacterial imaging at pH 6.0. Furthermore, the growth curve of bacteria showed that the PPEGMA-b-P(DPA-co-HEMA)-Ce6 NPs can achieve good antimicrobial efficacy through combined cationic and photodynamic therapies under acidic pH conditions (pH 6.0).
The PADL-1.0/2 system for defining and displaying solid objects (1978)

PADL (Part and Assembly Description Language) is a language for defining solid objects via constructive solid geometry, i.e. as (regularized) set-theoretical compositions of primitive solid “building blocks”. The current processor for Version 1.0 of the language accepts PADL statements either in batch or in keyboard-interactive mode and produces line drawings of objects on CRT's and plotting devices. A variety of drawing styles is available: dimensioned orthographics, perspectives, section views, interference drawings, etc.
Landmark-based approach to speech recognition: an alternative to HMMs (2007)

In this paper, we compare a Probabilistic Landmark-Based speech recognition System (LBS) which uses Knowledge-based Acoustic Parameters (APs) as the front-end with an HMMbased recognition system that uses the Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients as its front end. The advantages of LBS based on APs are (1) the APs are normalized for extra-linguistic information, (2) acoustic analysis at different landmarks may be performed with different resolutions and with different APs, (3) LBS outputs multiple acoustic landmark sequences that signal perceptually significant regions in the speech signal, (4) it may be easier to port this system to another language since the phonetic features captured by the APs are universal, and (5) LBS can be used as a tool for uncovering and subsequently understanding variability. LBS also has a probabilistic framework that can be combined with pronunciation and language models in order to make it more scalable to large vocabulary recognition tasks. Index Terms: landmark, speech recognition, acoustic parameters, phonetic features.
Efficient Data Compression in Wireless Sensor Networks for Civil Infrastructure Health Monitoring (2006)

In this paper, we present an efficient sensor data compression process for civil infrastructure health monitoring applications. It integrates lifting scheme wavelet transform (LSWT) and distributed source coding (DSC), which can reduce the raw data size by 1:27 to 1:80 while having a minor effect on the modal parameters identified from the sensor data. We have compared our algorithms with other data compression algorithms for structural health monitoring. Results show that our algorithms can achieve 80% ~ 100% higher compression ratios with the same signal-restoration quality
Genetically Encoded and Post-translationally Modified Forms of a Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I-restricted Antigen Bearing a Glycosylation Motif Are Independently Processed and Co-presented to Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (1999)

The mechanisms by which antigenic peptides bearing a glycosylation site may be processed from viral glycoproteins, post-translationally modified, and presented by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules remain poorly understood. With the aim of exploring these processes, we have dissected the structural and functional properties of the MHC-restricted peptide GP92-101 (CSANNSHHYI) generated from the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) GP1 glycoprotein. LCMV GP92-101 bears a glycosylation motif -NXS- that is naturally N-glycosylated in the mature viral glycoprotein, displays high affinity for H-2D(b) molecules, and elicits a CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. By analyzing the functional properties of natural and synthetic peptides and by identifying the viral sequence(s) from the pool of naturally occurring peptides, we demonstrated that multiple forms of LCMV GP92-101 were generated from the viral glycoprotein and co-presented at the surface of LCMV-infected cells. They corresponded to non-glycosylated and post-translationally modified sequences (conversion of Asn-95 to Asp or alteration of Cys-92). The glycosylated form, despite its potential immunogenicity, was not detected. These data illustrate that distinct, non-mutually exclusive antigen presentation pathways may occur simultaneously within a cell to generate structurally and functionally different peptides from a single genetically encoded sequence, thus contributing to increasing the diversity of the T cell repertoire.
Constraint handing and stability properties of model‐predictive control (1994)

Abstract Effects of hard constraints in the stability of model‐perdictive control (MPC) are reviewed. Assuming a fixed active set, the optimal solution can be expressed in a general state‐feedback closed form, which corresponds to a piecewise linear controller for the linear model case. Changes in the original unconstrained solution by the active constraints and other effects related to the loss of degrees of freedom are depicted in this analysis. In addition to modifications in the unconstrained feedback gain, we show that the presence of active output constraints can introduce extra feedback terms in the predictive controller. This can lead to instability of the constrained closed‐loop system with certain active sets, independent of the choice of tuning parameters. To cope with these problems and extend the constraint handling capabilities of MPC, we introduce the consideration of soft constraints. We compare the use of the l 2 ‐(quadratic), l 1 ‐(exact), and l ∞ ‐norm penalty formulations. The analysis reveals a strong similarity between the control laws, which allows a direct extrapolation of the unconstrained tuning guidelines to the constrained case. In particular, the exact penalty treatment has identical stability characteristics to the correspondent unconstrained case and therefore seems well suited for general soft constraint handling, even with nonlinear models. These extensions are included in the previously developed Newton control framework, allowing the use of the approach within a consistent framework for both linear and nonlinear process models, increasing the scope of applications of the method. Process examples illustrate the capabilities of the proposed approaches.
Detecting residue on a printed circuit board: An application of the Boundary Contour/Feature Contour System (1992)

We have developed a video detection algorithm for measuring the residue left on a printed circuit board after a soldering process. Oblique lighting improves the contrast between the residue and the board substrate, but also introduces an illumination gradient. The algorithm uses the Boundary Contour System/Feature Contour System to produce an idealized clean board image by discounting the illuminant, detecting trace boundaries, and filling the trace and substrate regions. The algorithm then combines the original input image and ideal image using mathematical models of the normal and inverse Weber Law to enhance the residue on the traces and substrate. The paper includes results for a clean board and one with residue.
FAMOSS, a conserved 41-aa peptide involved in plant tip growth regulation (2021)

Abstract Recent evidence shows that small open reading frame (smORF; &lt;100 codons)-encoded peptides (SEPs) containing transmembrane domains are preadapted to be progenitors of novel functional genes. A dozen of such SEPs translated from long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are already functionally characterised in animals. However, functional plant lncRNA-smORF-coded peptides are not yet described. Here, we report detailed functional characterization of a 41-aa peptide encoded by lncRNA-smORFs in the moss Physcomitrium patens, which was named “FAst-growing MOSS” (FAMOSS). We found that the FAMOSS interacts with the Rab-type small GTPase proteins and its overexpression leads to faster moss growth rate and more intensive vesicular transport in apical cells, while its knockout results in the opposite effect. The FAMOSS contains a predicted transmembrane domain and possible orthologs from streptophyta algae to flowering plants have a very conserved structure. Thus, the FAMOSS peptide is a previously unknown conserved player of Rab-mediated processes in plants. Our findings are in line with functional studies of transmembrane SEPs in animals and prove the principles of SEPs evolution. This study provides new insights into functions of plant lncRNA-smORFs.
SWIR Sky Glow and Cloud Comparison Between Urban and Rural Measurements (2009)

Abstract : Low light passive SWIR imaging: natural night time sources. SWIR Sky Glow: High Altitude Chemical Luminescence. Cloud Reflection: moon. Sensors Unlimited SWIR Camera: 50 e-noise per pixel, F/1.4 Lens.
X-ray diffraction study of the intermediate phases formed by sodium dodecylsulphate in aqueous mixtures ofN-methylformamide (1994)

Abstract We report the sequence of intermediate phases formed by sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) in water on addition of N-methylformamide (NMF). Although only a single phase, Lα, is formed in the SDS/NMF system, the three sequences Hα ⇔ Mα ⇔ Rα, Hα ⇔ Mα ⇔ Qα and Hα ⇔ Qα (Ia3d) were observed with increase in concentration of NMF in the SDS/water/NMF mixtures. The sequences Hα ⇔Qα and Hα ⇔ Lα were identified in the water/NMF mixture, although they were not observed in the initial SDS/water system or in the SDS/NMF system. These results indicate that solvent mixtures could be profitably employed to investigate the conditions of formation of intermediate phases and to study the transitions of the Hα → Mα → Rα to the Hα → Mα → Qα sequences.
Lead Sorption onto Ferrihydrite. 3. Multistage Contacting (2003)

Few studies have demonstrated the practical application of surface complexation models, calibrated with fundamental macroscopic and spectroscopic metal sorption data, in helping to solve industrial trace metal emissions problems. In this work, multistage ferrihydrite sorption systems are evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing single-solute lead(II) [Pb(II)] concentrations in contaminated water streams to very low levels. Experimental data and modeling results indicate that a multistage sorption system can significantly reduce Pb(II) effluent concentrations for the same total amount of sorbent or, alternatively, dramatically lower total sorbent consumption for the same effluent Pb(II) concentration. Model predictions were generated using a steady-state, multistage, equilibrium adsorber model that was specifically developed for and integrated into 0LI Systems' Environmental Simulation Program. The modified triple-layer model was used to simulate Pb(II) surface-liquid equilibria within the adsorber model. Engineering screening evaluations indicate that a 2-3-stage sorption process can provide significant economic savings when compared to a 1-stage process operating with the same target effluent Pb(II) concentration. Additional equilibrium stages beyond 2 or 3 provide diminishing economic returns. The major economic driver for multiple contacting stages is reduced capital investment and operating costs for sludge handling, dewatering, and disposal.