gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-Band Closed-Slot MIMO Antenna for Terminal Wireless Applications (2022)

This article presents a dual-band closed-slot multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for terminal wireless applications. By simply inserting additional slots between the closely spaced parallel-arranged radiation slots, the signal impedances of common mode (CM) and differential mode (DM) can achieve similar status, and the strong mutual coupling effect is then eliminated. The proposed slot antenna pair shows good isolation of better than 20 dB across the desired Wi-Fi bands. In addition to the one-wavelength slot antenna, flexible extension to a more compact half-wavelength slot pair is given for future industrial design (ID), which provides further validation of the method. We fabricate the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO antenna system constituted by two sets of one-wavelength closed-slot pairs. The experimental results show that the proposed MIMO antenna can offer isolation of better than 18 dB, an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of lower than 0.1 between all ports, and a wide −3 dB efficiency bandwidths across the desired bands. The results confirm that the proposed antenna is a viable candidate for Wi-Fi communications inside routers.
NURBS-Wavelets for Surface Design, Analysis, Visualization, and Applications (2004)

The central theme of this research program is "splines and wavelets," with applications in two specific areas: signal processing and computer graphics. New mathematical theories on affine and nonstationary wavelets under the tight frame structure were developed. While the author's theory on affine wavelets is quite complete, including arbitrary matrix dilation, vanishing moment recovery, oversampling theory, and approximation duals, his theory of nonstationary wavelets is a pioneering idea that opens up a new research area in computational mathematics. In particular, since his nonstationary consideration applies to all B-splines on arbitrary nested knot sequences, his wavelet theory extends the well-established theory of spline functions, and his new spline-wavelets with minimum support extend the current powerful spline tool box and are certainly compatible with the IGES and STEPS standards for the CAD/CAM industry. In applications to signal processing, he also has developed mathematical theories on localized cosines and Gabor frames for time-frequency localization as well as balanced multi-wavelets and the new notion of ARM-lets for processing scalar-valued signals without the need of pre-processing. In computer graphics, the author has introduced a direct approach to treating extraordinary points in surface subdivisions, based on refinable bivariate splines with small supports. The 22 papers completed over the duration of the funding period can be divided into the following three categories: (1) the development of mathematical theory and methods that will have direct application to the advancement of the fields of signal processing, image analysis, and computer graphics, including NURBS and nonstationary wavelets, affine wavelets, localized cosines, Gabor frames, and multi-wavelets; (2) signal and image processing; and (3) computer-aided surface design. Research publications produced under this grant, invited addresses, and conferences are listed.
Integrative model for predicting thermal balance in exercising horses (1996)

A theoretical integrative model was developed to determine the heat balance of horses working in a given environment. This model included the following parameters: metabolic heat gain, solar heat gain, evaporative heat loss due to sweating, respiratory tract heat loss, radiation from the body and heat gain or loss due to convection and conduction. The model developed in this study includes an unique approach for estimating heat loss via evaporation of sweat from the animal's skin surface. Previous studies modelling evaporative heat dissipation were based on the volume of sweat loss. While it is known that the ambient conditions affect evaporation rate, these effects have not been adequately described. The present model assumes the horse's skin surface is adequately represented by a body of water and it describes the interaction of that water body with the atmosphere. It is assumed that sweat has thermodynamic characteristics equivalent to distilled water. Sweat, however, has high electrolyte and protein concentrations and anecdotal evidence has shown that the thermodynamic characteristics may be significantly affected. Further research is, therefore, required to confirm these characteristics for equine sweat. The model describes all factors known to affect the thermal balance of the horse working in a given environment. The relative significance of the various variables on the whole integrative model has been illustrated. The effect of ambient temperature and humidity on the evaporative heat loss, the most significant and critical avenue of heat dissipation, is defined and quantified. The model illustrates clearly how increasing relative humidity limits evaporative heat loss, which can be further compromised when horses exercise on treadmills with no air movement.
Studies on the Dehydration of Glycerol Over Niobium Catalysts (2011)

The dehydration of glycerol over nanosize niobium catalysts was conducted in a stainless steel autoclave reactor. The catalysts were prepared by the calcination of niobium oxalate between 200 and 700 degrees C. Catalysts were characterized by N2 Physisorption, XRD and TPD of ammonia to investigate the effect of the calcination temperature and water on catalytic performance, catalysts' structures and acidity. Acrolein was mainly produced about 51-71% with useful by-products such as acetaldehyde and methanol. Amorphous Nb2O5 catalysts calcined at 200-400 degrees C significantly showed higher conversion of glycerol than the crystallized Nb2O5 catalyst calcined at 500-700 degrees C. Also the conversion of glycerol and selectivity of acrolein was increased with increasing the acidity of catalyst, which can be controlled by calcination temperature.
Strategy for Scalable Comb Block Polyolefin Synthesis. Efficient Graft of Isotactic Polypropylene to a Commercial Broad Molecular Weight Distribution, Hyperbranched, Ethylene Methylacrylate Copolymer (2020)

Judicious selection and use of a readily available, reactive polyolefin backbone can facilitate scalable comb block construction. This can be further assisted by appropriate grafting chemistry. In this work, alcohol-terminated isotactic polypropylene (iPP-OH) is grafted to commercially available hyperbranched, very broad molecular weight distribution ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA; 20.9 wt % methylacrylate; melting peak 80 °C). iPP-OH (melting peak 135 °C; number average molecular weight 16 kDa/mole) is synthesized from vinyl-terminated isotactic polypropylene (vt-iPP) macromonomer by oxidative hydroboration in 75% yield based on initial vt-iPP mass charged and >95% yield based on the consumption of vinyl termini. This product is in turn grafted efficiently onto the EMA via the transesterification of less than 2% of the MA groups to yield comb block copolymers (EMA-cb-iPP). Two graft products containing 24 and 38 wt % iPP were prepared, with grafting efficiency determined to be greater than 80 and 95%, respectively, based on alcohol consumption (1H NMR and 13C NMR). Efficient grafting of iPP-OH to EMA and the hyperbranched nature of EMA and comb block products were further affirmed by GPC equipped with multiple detectors, including an infrared detector capable of differentiating polyethylene from polypropylene. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, along with small-angle X-ray scattering, of the EMA-cb-iPP products show that, in spite of the structural complexity of the EMA, these products readily self-assemble into uniformly finely textured morphology of phase-separated EMA and iPP of the order 50–100 nm. These blocks act to compatibilize blends of EMA and iPP and disperse well into iPP. It is believed that the synthetic strategy illustrated herein—especially the use of a commercially available reactive polyolefin to, from, or through which to graft—will encourage pursuit of economically viable and scalable comb block synthetic strategies for new material applications.
Contact Lens Infections: Can They Ever Be Eradicated? (2003)

Since their introduction, the most significant complication of wearing soft contact lenses has been the development of vision-threatening microbial keratitis. In lens-wearing corneas, microbial infection is thought to develop in the absence of overt injury, leading to the hypothesis that microbe interactions with the corneal epithelium are critical to the pathogenesis of this disease. Thus, we have focused our research efforts on understanding microbial virulence mechanisms aimed at corneal epithelial cells and the innate defenses that normally protect them using the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model organism. This report summarizes those results and explores their relevance to understanding contact lens-related infections.
Effect of Different Forms of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Experimental Pain (1986)

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of five different types of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on experimentally induced pain threshold and tolerance in healthy subjects. Fourteen subjects received the following treatments on different days: low frequency TENS, burst frequency TENS, hyperstimulation TENS, high frequency TENS with a low voltage galvanic stimulator, and high frequency TENS with a high voltage galvanic stimulator to the left upper extremity. Pain threshold and tolerance were tested with electric current on a fingertip of the left upper extremity before each treatment, immediately after each treatment, and 20 minutes after the end of each treatment. Data were analyzed using separate two-by-five analyses of variance with repeated measures for pain threshold and tolerance. No significant effects of treatment or time for pain threshold or tolerance were found. A significant interaction between treatment and time for pain threshold was found. Further study is needed to compare the effects of these treatments in patients with clinical pain.
RelCoVax®, a two antigen subunit protein vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 induces strong immune responses in mice (2022)

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred an unprecedented movement to develop safe and effective vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus to immunize the global population. The first set of vaccine candidates that received emergency use authorization targeted the spike (S) glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that enables virus entry into cells via the receptor binding domain (RBD). Recently, multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged with mutations in S protein and the ability to evade neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated individuals. We have developed a dual RBD and nucleocapsid (N) subunit protein vaccine candidate named RelCoVax® through heterologous expression in mammalian cells (RBD) and E. coli (N). The RelCoVax® formulation containing a combination of aluminum hydroxide (alum) and a synthetic CpG oligonucleotide as adjuvants elicited high antibody titers against RBD and N proteins in mice after a prime and boost dose regimen administered 2 weeks apart. The vaccine also stimulated cellular immune responses with a potential Th1 bias as evidenced by increased IFN-γ release by splenocytes from immunized mice upon antigen exposure particularly N protein. Finally, the serum of mice immunized with RelCoVax® demonstrated the ability to neutralize two different SARS-CoV-2 viral strains in vitro including the Delta strain that has become dominant in many regions of the world and can evade vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies. These results warrant further evaluation of RelCoVax® through advanced studies and contribute towards enhancing our understanding of multicomponent subunit vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2.
<title>Comparison of optical and video see-through, head-mounted displays</title> (1995)

One of the most promising and challenging future uses of head-mounted displays (HMDs) is in applications where virtual environments enhance rather than replace real environments. To obtain an enhanced view of the real environment, the user wears a see-through HMD to see 3D computer-generated objects superimposed on his/her real-world view. This see-through capability can be accomplished using either an optical or a video see-through HMD. We discuss the tradeoffs between optical and video see-through HMDs with respect to technological, perceptual, and human factors issues, and discuss our experience designing, building, using, and testing these HMDs.
Longitudinal Effects of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2003)

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation provides a long-lasting benefit on symptoms and quality of life indicators for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and should be offered to all patients with symptoms of sleep disordered breathing or inspiratory muscle dysfunction. It can also prolong tracheostomy-free survival.
Small Molecule Docking and Scoring (2001)

Chapter 1 is a tutorial on small molecules docking to proteins primarily. Determination of the structure of ligand-receptor complexes is important to computer-aided drug design. Topics covered include: Algorithms for Molecular Docking The Docking Problem Placing Fragments and Rigid Molecules Flexible Ligand Docking Handling Protein Flexibility Docking of Combinatorial Libraries Shape and Chemical Complementary Scores Force Field Scoring Empirical Scoring Functions Knowledge-Based Scoring Functions Comparing Scoring Functions in Docking Experiments – Consensus scoring Protein Data Preparation Ligand Database Preparation Docking Calculation Post-Processing Docking as Virtual Screening Tool Docking as a Ligand Design Tool
Surface Structure of GaN(0001) in the Chemical Vapor Deposition Environment (1999)

We report the first observation of the atomic-scale structure of the GaN(0001) surface in the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition environment. Measurements were performed using in situ grazing-incidence x-ray scattering. We determined the surface equilibrium phase diagram as a function of temperature and ammonia partial pressure, which contains two phases with $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1$ and $(\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2\sqrt{3})R30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ symmetries. The $(\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2\sqrt{3})R30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ phase is found to have a novel ``missing row'' structure with 1/3 of the surface Ga atoms absent.
<title>Characterization of fluorescent plastic optical fibers for x-ray beam detection</title> (1991)

A new kind of sensor under development in order to detect high energy x or gamma rays is presented. It is based on an inorganic scintillator optically coupled to a ribbon of fluorescent optical fibers. The basic configuration is briefly described. Investigations of the principal properties of the fluorescent fibers used for the detector are then reported: the fiber attenuation, the influence of long term bending; the emission and excitation spectra; the radiation resistance tested by means of a 60Co source and an 18 MV linear accelerator, etc. A detailed characterization of these fibers has been realized and complete experimental results are presented.
Evaluation of the innovativeness of the domestic pharmaceutical sector projects within the framework of the R&D support programs (2022)

Evaluation of the innovativeness of the domestic pharmaceutical sector projects within the framework of the R&D support programs Wide public access to effective and safe medicines has always been a priority for the Member States of the European Union, which was particularly noted during the Covid-19 pandemic. The European Commission has developed and adopted a Pharmaceutical Strategy which provides for actions to strengthen the competitiveness of generic and biosimilar medicines. The development of new generics and biosimilars is resource intensive and companies have a right to expect public support. So far, such support has been obtained in Poland almost exclusively for research on the development of original drugs. The risk of failure of an original drug development project is very high and very few such drugs are produced worldwide, and virtually no original drug has been developed in Poland, at least in the last four decades. Companies receive support for innovative activities through competition procedures, based on the evaluation of a panel of experts. In order to support the development of generic medicines, it is essential that the innovation related to this category be properly understood by the experts evaluating R&D projects. The guidelines contained in the Oslo Manual 2018 recognized in the European Union are of key importance. This article presents the pitfalls that have so far influenced the inappropriate perception of innovation by the experts and the public. The following were indicated: mistakenly equating innovation with a patent and not with implementation, incorrect identification of an original drug with an innovative drug, mistakenly equating an innovative drug only with new or improved technology, and incorrect identification of innovation with a product and not, for example, with a process. The characteristics that determine the innovativeness of generic drugs according to the definition of the Oslo Manual 2018 include affordability, meeting the needs of patients and the health care system, as well as improving medicines used in medical treatments. According to this definition, a new generic medicine may be innovative, as innovation should be defined as any implementation resulting in a significant economic and / or social impact, manifested on the one hand by meeting the needs of patients and, on the other, by increasing the competitiveness of companies that have taken the risk of developing innovative products. Other important benefits of generics innovation are the expansion of competencies at the interface between science and business, and the development of technological competencies.
Roadmap for high efficiency solid-state neutron detectors (2005)

Solid-state thermal neutron detectors are generally fabricated in a planar configuration by coating a layer of neutron-to-alpha converter material onto a semiconductor. The as-created alpha particles in the material are expected to impinge the semiconductor and create electron-hole pairs which provide the electrical signal. These devices are limited in efficiency to a range near (2-5%)/cm<sup>2</sup> due to the conflicting thickness requirements of the converter layer. In this case, the layer is required to be thick enough to capture the incoming neutron flux while at the same time adequately thin to allow the alpha particles to reach the semiconductor. A three dimensional matrix structure has great potential to satisfy these two requirements in one device. Such structures can be realized by using PIN diode pillar elements to extend in the third dimension with the converter material filling the rest of the matrix. Our strategy to fabricate this structure is based on both "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches. The "top down" approach employs high-density plasma etching techniques, while the "bottom up" approach draws on the growth of nanowires by chemical vapor deposition. From our simulations for structures with pillar diameters from 2 micron down to 100 nm, the detector efficiency is expected to increase with a decrease in pillar size. Moreover, in the optimized configuration, the detector efficiency could be higher than 75%/cm<sup>2</sup>. Finally, the road map for the relationship between detector diameter and efficiency will be outlined.
Can <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection Prevent Asthma and Other Allergic Disorders? (2001)

It is generally considered that tuberculosis (TB) is a disease which upregulates Th1 cell function. There is a hypothesis that infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis may prevent allergic disorders such as bronchial asthma. However, our clinical experience of patients with TB somewhat conflicts this hypothesis. Hence, we investigated Th1/Th2 balance in the peripheral blood of patients with active TB by measuring serum levels of IgE antibody and by intracellular cytokine assay. We found that serum levels of IgE in the patients with active TB were significantly higher than in those with lung cancer or with COPD. In the TB patients, titers of IgE tended to correlate with disease severity. Intracellular cytokine assay demonstrated that IFN-gamma-positive cells were significantly decreased in the patients with active TB compared to normal controls. The ratio of IFN-gamma-positive (Th1-like)/IL-4-positive (Th2-like) cells was remarkably reduced in the TB patients (p < 0.0001). This ratio showed a significant negative correlation with erythrocyte sedimentation rate and with C-reactive protein. Therapy against TB for 2-3 months did not result in significant changes of the Th1/Th2 ratio. These findings suggest that infection of M. tuberculosis does not systematically upregulate Th1 cells in some patients, and is unlikely to prevent allergic disorders like asthma.
Lexical disambiguation (1991)

Lexical disambiguation can be achieved using different sources of information. Aiming at high performance of automatic disambiguation it is important to know the relative importance and applicability of the various sources. In this paper we classify several sources of information and show how some of them can be achieved using statistical data. First evaluations indicate the extreme importance of local information, which mainly represents lexical associations and selectional restrictions for syntactically related words.
Penultimate effect in stereospecific polymerization by ionic mechanism (1965)

Abstract To clarify the penultimate effect in the stereospecific polymerization by ionic catalysts, the relationship between the steric structure of the polymer and polymerization conditions was studied for α‐methylstyrene (αMS), methyl vinyl ether (MVE), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) from our result and literature results. Two possible probabilities of an isotactic addition considering the penultimate effect, P ii and P si , are compared. We define the α value as P si = α P ii . The greater the deviation of the α‐value is from unity, the greater the penultimate effect. It is shown that the α value in a given monomer is constant for a wide range of tacticity in the various conditions. In αMS, the α value is unity and there is no penultimate effect. Otherwise, in the MVE‐BF 3 .‐O(C 2 H 5 ) 2 system, α is 0.7 and the penultimate effect is present. When MMA is polymerized by alkali alkyl, the α value is changed by the kind of alkali metal, that is, α values in toluene solution are 0.45, 0.65, and 0.75 for Li, Na, and K, respectively.
Utility of MitraClip XTR system in percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair for severe flail leaflet (2020)

Transcatheter mitral valve (MV) edge-to-edge repair provided alternative solutions to high surgical risk patients with degenerative MV regurgitation (MR) and patients with functional MR leading to symptomatic heart failure. However, the procedure cannot be performed in certain MV anatomy such as excessive mitral annular or leaflet calcification with coexisting stenosis or excessive flail leaflet with wide gap and width. The introduction of MitraClip XTR system with its extended arms provided a wider range of MV anatomies that can be treated with MV edge-to-edge repair. In this report, we present the successful treatment of excessive flail posterior leaflet with MitraClip XTR device.