gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid development of spreadsheet-based web mashups (2009)

The rapid growth of social networking sites and web communities have motivated web sites to expose their APIs to external developers who create mashups by assembling existing functionalities. Current APIs, however, aim toward developers with programming expertise; they are not directly usable by wider class of users who do not have programming background, but would nevertheless like to build their own mashups. To address this need, we propose a spreadsheet-based Web mashups development framework, which enables users to develop mashups in the popular spreadsheet environment. First, we provide a mechanism that makes structured data first class values of spreadsheet cells. Second, we propose a new component model that can be used to develop fairly sophisticated mashups, involving joining data sources and keeping spreadsheet data up to date. Third, to simplify mashup development, we provide a collection of spreadsheet-based mashup patterns that captures common Web data access and spreadsheet presentation functionalities. Users can reuse and customize these patterns to build spreadsheet-based Web mashups instead of developing them from scratch. Fourth, we enable users to manipulate structured data presented on spreadsheet in a drag-and-drop fashion. Finally, we have developed and tested a proof-of-concept prototype to demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework.
The Mechanism of Elimination of Hydrogen Bromide from α-Bromo Ketosteroids through Formation of Hydrazones (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Mechanism of Elimination of Hydrogen Bromide from α-Bromo Ketosteroids through Formation of HydrazonesVernon R. Mattox and Edward C. KendallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 5, 2290–2292Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01161a518https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01161a518research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kinetics and modeling of hexavalent chromium reduction in enterobacter cloacae (1993)

Kinetics of bacterial reduction of toxic hexavalent chromium (chromate: CrO(4) (2-)) was investigated using batch and fedbatch cultures of Enterobacter cloacae strain HO1. In fedbatch cultures, the CrO(4) (2-) feed was controlled on the basis of the rate of pH change. This control strategy has proven to be useful for avoiding toxic CrO(4) (2-) overload. A simple mathematical model was developed to describe the bacterial process of CrO(4) (2-) reduction. In this model, two types of bacterial cells were considered: induced, CrO(4) (2-)-resistant cells and uninduced, sensitive ones. Only resistant cells were assumed to be able to reduce CrO(4) (2-). These fundamental ideas were supported by the model predictions which well approximated all experimental data. In a simulation study, the model was also used to optimize fed-batch cultures, instead of lengthy and expensive laboratory experiments.
Epac-Rap Signaling Reduces Cellular Stress and Ischemia-induced Kidney Failure (2011)

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury is associated with the loss of tubular epithelial cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions which contribute to renal failure. The Epac-Rap signaling pathway is a potent regulator of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. The cyclic AMP analogue 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP has been shown to selectively activate Epac, whereas the addition of an acetoxymethyl (AM) ester to 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP enhanced in vitro cellular uptake. Here we demonstrate that pharmacological activation of Epac-Rap signaling using acetoxymethyl-8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP preserves cell adhesions during hypoxia in vitro, maintaining the barrier function of the epithelial monolayer. Intrarenal administration in vivo of 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP also reduced renal failure in a mouse model for ischemia-reperfusion injury. This was accompanied by decreased expression of the tubular cell stress marker clusterin-α, and lateral expression of β-catenin after ischemia indicative of sustained tubular barrier function. Our study emphasizes the undervalued importance of maintaining tubular epithelial cell adhesion in renal ischemia and demonstrates the potential of pharmacological modulation of cell adhesion as a new therapeutic strategy to reduce the extent of injury in kidney disease and transplantation.
Determining the Transverse Dimensions of Fibers in Wood Using Confocal Microscopy (2005)

We describe a technique for determining the transverse dimensions of individual fibers in wood using confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis.Optical sectioning of confocal microscopy produces high-quality cross-sectional images of large wood samples, thus eliminating the need for traditional mechanical sectioning and its inherent limitations.The relationships between fiber transverse dimensions of wood and kraft pulp fibers, in terms of their means and distributions, are now established.Measuring fibers in wood also allows us now to evaluate properties of early-and latewood separately, and to better understand the origin of heterogeneity.Relative wood density obtained from a wood section correlates strongly to the ratio of fiber wall thickness to perimeter, which is an important parameter for fiber transverse collapse.This direct and accurate method has the potential for automation, thus allowing a rapid assessment of wood quality for papermaking.
Energy Depletion Protects Candida albicans against Antimicrobial Peptides by Rigidifying Its Cell Membrane (2007)

Inhibitors of the energy metabolism, such as sodium azide and valinomycin, render yeast cells completely resistant against the killing action of a number of cationic antimicrobial peptides, including the salivary antimicrobial peptide Histatin 5. In this study the Histatin 5-mediated killing of the opportunistic yeast Candida albicans was used as a model system to comprehensively investigate the molecular basis underlying this phenomenon. Using confocal and electron microscopy it was demonstrated that the energy poison azide reversibly blocked the entry of Histatin 5 at the level of the yeast cell wall. Azide treatment hardly induced depolarization of the yeast cell membrane potential, excluding it as a cause of the lowered sensitivity. In contrast, the diminished sensitivity to Histatin 5 of energy-depleted C. albicans was restored by increasing the fluidity of the membrane using the membrane fluidizer benzyl alcohol. Furthermore, rigidification of the membrane by incubation at low temperature or in the presence of the membrane rigidifier Me(2)SO increased the resistance against Histatin 5, while not affecting the energy charge of the cell. In line, azide induced alterations in the physical state of the interior of the lipid bilayer. These data demonstrate that changes in the physical state of the membrane underlie the increased resistance to antimicrobial peptides.
Relevance of soil N mineralization, total N demand of crops and efficiency of applied N for fertilizer recommendations for cereals — Theory and application (1994)

Abstract Optimal rates of N fertilizer depend mainly on three factors, (1) the total N demand of crops, (2) the amount of available N from sources other than applied N, and (3) the efficiency of fertilization in order to increase plant available N. Predictability and variability of each of these factors affect the precision of N fertilizer recommendations. In a theoretical approach the change of [crop N + extractable inorganic soil N] (CSN) in N‐fertilized cereals can be ascribed to two components, firstly an N rate independent and secondly a strongly N rate dependent one. This approach fits well when applied to an actual data set of N field trials on sandy soils in Hessia, Germany. The N rate dependent change of CSN was interpreted as apparent recovery of applied N indicating the efficiency of fertilization. Apparent recovery rates of applied N varied considerably between field sites and ranged from 33 % to 96 %. The N rate independent change of CSN was dominated by N mineralization, especially during the grain filling period (range: 4 to 61 kg N ha −1 ), and was significantly (p &lt;0.001) correlated with extractable soil organic N (r = 0.65, CaCl 2 extraction; r = 0.51, EUF‐technique). The total N demand of the crops varied widely within each cereal species. For barley and rye the total N demand was closely correlated with the optimal grain yield. The results suggest that in order to improve N fertilizer recommendations the prediction of the total N demand as well as the prediction of the fertilizer efficiency is badly needed. The soil N mineralization appeared to be an important N source for cereals, which was independent from the applied N rate. Soil N tests, which provide an index of mineralizable soil N, merit therefore consideration for adoption into N fertilizer recommendations for cereals.
Molecular Cloning and Cellular Localization of a Furin-Like Prohormone Convertase from the Atrial Gland of Aplysia (1995)

Prohormone convertases (PCs) are Ca(2+)-dependent subtilisin-related endoproteases that have been implicated in the post-translational processing of prohormones and other proproteins. Furin is an ubiquitously expressed PC that has been shown to hydrolyze a wide variety of precursor proteins in secretory pathways. We have screened an Aplysia atrial gland cDNA library using a furin probe prepared by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and have isolated an Aplysia furin-related 6.7-kb cDNA partial clone that was truncated on the 5' end. The remaining 5' atrial gland furin nucleotide sequence was obtained by two stages of reverse transcription PCR. The final composite nucleotide sequence of the atrial gland furin cDNA was 7,837 bp in length. This sequence encoded a putative preproendoprotease (Afurin2) of 824 amino acid residues that was related to other eukaryotic furins, and showed a high sequence identity with a recently reported Aplysia nervous system furin-like sequence. In situ hybridization demonstrated extensive expression of Afurin2 in atrial gland secretory cells. The cDNA clone contained a relatively long 3' untranslated region of 5,230 nucleotides that included a microsatellite repeat region (TG)n. The characterized Aplysia Afurin2 is a candidate PC that may play an important role in the processing of egg-laying hormone (ELH)-related precursors in the secretory cells of the atrial gland. In addition, comparative structural studies of Afurin2, together with previously reported localization studies, argue for the occurrence of a furin-like convertase within secretory granules.
A Dual-Loop Synthesizer With Fast Frequency Modulation Ability for 77/79 GHz FMCW Automotive Radar Applications (2018)

The implementation of wideband mm-wave radars for automotive applications necessitates wideband, fast, and precise linear frequency modulation generation. In this paper, we propose to use dual-loop phase-locked loop (PLL) architecture for this task. The frequency modulation dynamics are analyzed for this architecture. The results are employed to implement a SiGe BiCMOS fully integrated 75-83 GHz frequency-modulated continuous-wave synthesizer. Performance enhancements were achieved by utilizing the bulk-drain parasitic variable capacitance of P-channel transistors, embedded in a gm-boosted Colpitts VCO, for frequency control. This mechanism together with the dual-loop PLL architecture provides low loop bandwidth variation over the whole output frequency range, -97 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1-MHz offset, and maximal modulation rate of 100 GHz/ms.
Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Amino Sulfide Building Blocks from Acyclic Chiral Amino Allylsilanes (2011)

An efficient synthesis of various protected syn-β-sulfenyl amides is described. These are prepared from the corresponding enantiopure amino allylsilanes which are in turn obtained from naturally occurring amino acids. The key step for introduction of the sulfur substituent is a diastereoselective electrophilic sulfodesilylation which is carried out with phthalimidesulfenyl chloride. The resulting homochiral β-phthalimidesulfenyl amines with an allylic sulforated stereogenic center are useful building blocks, as they represent a starting point for subsequent functional manipulations.
Lactate Rewrites the Metabolic Reprogramming of Uveal Melanoma Cells and Induces Quiescence Phenotype (2022)

Uveal melanoma (UM), the most common primary intraocular cancer in adults, is among the tumors with poorer prognosis. Recently, the role of the oncometabolite lactate has become attractive due to its role as hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activator, as an epigenetic modulator inducing lysine residues lactylation and, of course, as a glycolysis end-product, bridging the gap between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The aim of the present study was to dissect in UM cell line (92.1) the role of lactate as either a metabolite or a signaling molecule, using the known modulators of HCAR1 and of lactate transporters. Our results show that lactate (20 mM) resulted in a significant decrease in cell proliferation and migration, acting and switching cell metabolism toward oxidative phosphorylation. These results were coupled with increased euchromatin content and quiescence in UM cells. We further showed, in a clinical setting, that an increase in lactate transporters MCT4 and HCAR1 is associated with a spindle-shape histological type in UM. In conclusion, our results suggest that lactate metabolism may serve as a prognostic marker of UM progression and may be exploited as a potential therapeutic target.
Deposition of microcrystalline silicon: Direct evidence for hydrogen-induced surface mobility of Si adspecies (2001)

Hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon thin films can be deposited at low substrate temperatures using plasma enhanced–or hot wire–chemical vapor deposition using silane, reactive magnetron sputtering of silicon, or related techniques. Microcrystalline silicon is deposited when a large quantity of molecular hydrogen is added to the process gas such that a large flux of atomic hydrogen impinges on the film growth surface; otherwise, the films are amorphous. Three different microscopic mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the formation of the microcrystalline phase. In essence, the hypotheses are that atomic hydrogen: (i) enhances the surface diffusion of Si adspecies, which in turn raises the probability of crystalline phase formation, (ii) promotes a subsurface transformation of amorphous into microcrystalline Si, or (iii) preferentially etches amorphous regions such that only microcrystalline Si survives to produce film growth. In this work, we critically test mechanism (i) as follows. We deposit films using dc reactive magnetron sputtering of a Si target in an argon–hydrogen plasma, which yields very poor adspecies mobility at low rates of hydrogen injection. We then increase the hydrogen injection and measure the increase in adspecies motion via the enhanced rate at which the surface smoothens for film growth on substrates with a calibrated roughness of ∼80 Å. The dynamic surface roughness and the structural phase are determined by real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry. The combination of high atomic hydrogen flux and high surface hydrogen coverage uniquely correlates with microcrystalline phase formation. Higher substrate temperatures do not increase adspecies mobility, and actually decrease it when the rate of thermal desorption becomes sufficient to decrease the surface hydrogen coverage. These results also suggest that the original identity of the Si-bearing growth species is relatively unimportant, because the atomic hydrogen flux appears to produce mobile adspecies via surface reactions. We have previously shown that subsurface transformations, mechanism (ii), can also occur. However, we find no evidence for competitive etching, mechanism (iii), under our experimental conditions.
Analysis of alanine aminotransferase in various organs of soybean (Glycine max) and in dependence of different nitrogen fertilisers during hypoxic stress (2010)

Alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) catalyses the reversible conversion of pyruvate and glutamate into alanine and oxoglutarate. In soybean, two subclasses were identified, each represented by two highly similar members. To investigate the role of AlaAT during hypoxic stress in soybean, changes in transcript level of both subclasses were analysed together with the enzyme activity and alanine content of the tissue. Moreover, the dependency of AlaAT activity and gene expression was investigated in relation to the source of nitrogen supplied to the plants. Using semi-quantitative PCR, GmAlaAT genes were determined to be highest expressed in roots and nodules. Under normal growth conditions, enzyme activity of AlaAT was detected in all organs tested, with lowest activity in the roots. Upon waterlogging-induced hypoxia, AlaAT activity increased strongly. Concomitantly, alanine accumulated. During re-oxygenation, AlaAT activity remained high, but the transcript level and the alanine content decreased. Our results show a role for AlaAT in the catabolism of alanine during the initial period of re-oxygenation following hypoxia. GmAlaAT also responded to nitrogen availability in the solution during waterlogging. Ammonium as nitrogen source induced both gene expression and enzyme activity of AlaAT more than when nitrate was supplied in the nutrient solution. The work presented here indicates that AlaAT might not only be important during hypoxia, but also during the recovery phase after waterlogging, when oxygen is available to the tissue again.
Prenatal diagnosis of Gaucher disease using next‐generation sequencing (2016)

In the prenatal diagnosis of Gaucher disease (GD), glucocerebrosidase (GBA) activity is measured with fetal cells, and gene analysis is performed when pathogenic mutations in GBA are identified in advance. Herein is described prenatal diagnosis in a family in which two children had GD. Although prior genetic information for this GD family was not obtained, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was carried out for this family because immediate prenatal diagnosis was necessary. Three mutations were identified in this GD family. The father had one mutation in intron 3 (IVS2 + 1), the mother had two mutations in exons 3 (I[-20]V) and 5 (M85T), and child 1 had all three of these mutations; child 3 had none of these mutations. On NGS the present fetus (child 3) was not a carrier of GD-related mutations. NGS may facilitate early detection and treatment before disease onset.
Range management: the past and the opportunities for the future. (1983)

This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management, the National Agricultural Library, and the University of Arizona Libraries.
The first report of the ante-mortem diagnosis of <i>Ollulanus tricuspis</i> infection in two dogs (2015)

Ollulanus tricuspis is a small nematode parasite of the stomach, and its infection has been reported worldwide in cats but only one report in dogs as post-mortem diagnosis. Two dogs, kept in the Tokyo area, were presented for chronic vomiting. Chronic gastritis was diagnosed histologically, and many nematodes were detected in endoscopically-biopsied gastric samples and in the mucus of vomitus in both dogs. The parasites were small (<1 mm), and their morphological characteristics were consistent with those previously reported for O. tricuspis. The symptoms in one dog completely disappeared after anthelmintic therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing ante-mortem diagnosis of spontaneous gastric O. tricuspis infection in dogs in which infectivity and pathogenicity of the nematode are suggested.
Effect of phenol derivatives on molecular dimensions of poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) in aqueous solution (2002)

Abstract The unperturbed dimensions and thermodynamic parameters of poly( N ‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) were studied in aqueous solutions in the presence of certain phenolic cosolutes (phenol, catechol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, and phloroglucinol). The intrinsic viscosities at 25°C and the θ temperature, linear and thermodynamic expansions, and root mean square end to end distances were evaluated for the system that was employed. The sequence was obtained due to the effectiveness of the cosolutes in the order of phloroglucinol &gt; resorcinol &gt; hydroquinone &gt; catechol &gt; phenol. The effects of these cosolutes on the main thermodynamic parameters were reported to be due to the number and position of hydroxyl groups present. The thermodynamic interaction parameter was also evaluated and the enthalpic and entropic contributions were verified. The condition required for the θ temperature to correspond to a Flory interaction parameter of 0.5 was well provided, yielding a θ temperature of almost 0.5 for the system under study. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 473–477, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10047