gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facial‐muscle weakness, speech disorders and dysphagia are common in patients with classic infantile Pompe disease treated with enzyme therapy (2011)

Classic infantile Pompe disease is an inherited generalized glycogen storage disorder caused by deficiency of lysosomal acid α-glucosidase. If left untreated, patients die before one year of age. Although enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT) has significantly prolonged lifespan, it has also revealed new aspects of the disease. For up to 11 years, we investigated the frequency and consequences of facial-muscle weakness, speech disorders and dysphagia in long-term survivors. Sequential photographs were used to determine the timing and severity of facial-muscle weakness. Using standardized articulation tests and fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, we investigated speech and swallowing function in a subset of patients. This study included 11 patients with classic infantile Pompe disease. Median age at the start of ERT was 2.4 months (range 0.1-8.3 months), and median age at the end of the study was 4.3 years (range 7.7 months -12.2 years). All patients developed facial-muscle weakness before the age of 15 months. Speech was studied in four patients. Articulation was disordered, with hypernasal resonance and reduced speech intelligibility in all four. Swallowing function was studied in six patients, the most important findings being ineffective swallowing with residues of food (5/6), penetration or aspiration (3/6), and reduced pharyngeal and/or laryngeal sensibility (2/6). We conclude that facial-muscle weakness, speech disorders and dysphagia are common in long-term survivors receiving ERT for classic infantile Pompe disease. To improve speech and reduce the risk for aspiration, early treatment by a speech therapist and regular swallowing assessments are recommended.
Differential Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–A Isoforms at Different Stages of Melanoma Progression (2003)

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is an important mediator of angiogenesis in normal and neoplastic tissues. Total VEGF-A levels have been associated with melanoma progression, but the relative contributions of each isoform is unknown. To determine whether differences in the production of any or all of the major VEGF-A isoforms are related to stage of progression, we compared message levels for the three major isoforms of VEGF in melanoma specimens from different stages of progression.Primary melanomas (N = 18), primary recurrences (N = 5), regional dermal metastases (N = 11), nodal metastases (N = 12), normal lymph nodes (N = 18), and distant metastases (N = 9) were prospectively collected. Samples from the horizontal and vertical growth phases of primary tumors were also collected from five additional patients. Message levels for the three major VEGF-A isoforms were measured using real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and normalized to beta-actin mRNA levels. There was a marked increase in the expression of all three VEGF-A isoforms from the vertical growth phase tissue as compared with the horizontal growth phase tissue. Primary tumors, local recurrences, regional dermal metastases, nodal metastases, and distant metastases all produced more VEGF(121) and VEGF(165) than negative nodes. Nodal metastases produced the highest level of these two isoforms, higher even than distant metastases. There was no significant difference in VEGF(189) message among the groups. Melanomas in the vertical growth phase produce more VEGF-A (all isoforms) than in the horizontal growth phase. Nodal metastases produce the highest levels of VEGF(121) and VEGF(165), but not VEGF(189) as compared with other stages of progression. These data suggest that the soluble forms of VEGF-A might be an important factor in melanoma metastasis to regional lymph nodes.
SiC Nanofibers as Long-Life Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Materials (2018)

The development of high energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has spurred the designing and production of novel anode materials to substitute currently commercial using graphitic materials. Herein, twisted SiC nanofibers toward LIBs anode materials, containing 92.5 wt% cubic β-SiC and 7.5 wt% amorphous C, were successfully synthesized from resin-silica composites. The electrochemical measurements showed that the SiC-based electrode delivered a stable reversible capacity of 254.5 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> after 250 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g<sup>-1</sup>. It is interesting that a high discharge capacity of 540.1 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> was achieved after 500 cycles at an even higher current density of 0.3 A g<sup>-1</sup>, which is higher than the theoretical capacity of graphite. The results imply that SiC nanomaterials are potential anode candidate for LIBs with high stability due to their high structure stability as supported with the transmission electron microscopy images.
Selected Contribution: Gender differences in cardiovascular regulation during recovery from exercise (2001)

Are women more susceptible to acute postexercise orthostatic hypotension compared with men? We hypothesized that decreases in arterial pressure during recovery from dynamic exercise are greater in women compared with men. We studied 8 men and 11 women during inactive and active recovery from cycling exercise. Heart rate, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were measured during and after 3 min of exercise at 60% of calculated maximum heart rate. At 1 min after exercise, MAP decreased less (P < 0.05) during inactive recovery in men (-18 +/- 2 mmHg) compared with women (-30 +/- 2 mmHg). This difference was due to greater decreases in SV and less increase in TPR during inactive recovery from exercise in women compared with men. These differences persisted for 5 min after exercise. MAP decreased less during active recovery in men compared with women. These findings suggest that women may have increased risk of postexercise orthostatic hypotension and that active recovery from exercise may reduce this risk.
Exosomes as a Drug Delivery System in Cancer Therapy: Potential and Challenges (2018)

Exosomes play a pivotal role in mediating intercellular communications and package delivery. They have recently been discovered to serve as diagnostic biomarkers as well as a possible drug delivery vehicle based on their nanometer size range and capability to transfer biological materials to recipient cells. Their unique biocompatibility, high stability, preferred tumor homing, and adjustable targeting efficiency can make exosomes an attractive and potentially effective tool of drug delivery in cancer therapy. While exosomes possess properties that make them uniquely suitable for delivery of bioactive molecules, there remains a to-be-filled gap between the current understanding about exosome biology and the ideal application scenarios. In this review, we summarize the characteristics enabling the potential of exosomes for drug delivery as well as the outstanding questions related to exosome composition and function, production and purification, bioengineering and targeting, uptake and biodistribution, efficacy and immune regulation, etc. Advanced technologies are demanded to visualize, characterize, and sort heterogeneous exosome populations. We are positive that the deeper and more comprehensive understanding of exosome biology as well as advanced nanotechnology will certainly accelerate its therapeutic applications.
The Acquisition Method of Symmetry Chirp Signal Used in LEO Satellite Internet of Things (2019)

Chirp signal has been used in some fields, like radar and sonar. In recent years, the symmetry chirp signal (SCS) is a kind of revised Long Range (LoRa) chirp signal and proposed to be used in low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite Internet of Things (IoT) for low-data-rate transmission. However, in terms of the complexity and performance, the traditional acquisition methods to capture SCS (time delay and frequency offset acquisition) will have some limitations in LEO satellite IoT. Thus, this letter presents a new acquisition method to balance the complexity and performance for SCS.
State of the Art in Gait Analysis Using Wearable Sensors for Healthcare Applications (2012)

The ability to measure human movement accurately forms an essential part of a clinical assessment, thus allowing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions to be determined. The most commonly used clinical method for assessing human movement is goniometry, motion capture system, Electromagnetic tracking systems and so on. There are some essential limitations in each method. Inertial sensors such as accelerometers, magnetometers and gyroscopes have the potential to be used for assessing human movement in various environments. Numerous studies have reported using systems based on accelerometers or gyroscopes. These two types of sensors may also be combined to study human motions with good accuracy. The present study employed an inertial system which utilized such fusion technology which is reported to provide motion data with better accuracy. This paper reviews walking analysis using wireless inertial sensors currently, analyzes the features of this methods comparing with other methods, and indicates the key problem and the future direction and application domains.
Tobramycin versus Gentamicin, in Combination with Cephalotin and Carbenecillin, in Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Transplantation (1981)

Thirty-six patients with severe aplastic anemia or acute leukemia undergoing bone marrow transplantation or intensive hematologic treatments were randomized to receive gentamicin (1 mg/kg/iv q8h) or tobramycin (1 mg/kg/iv q8h) in combination with carbenecillin (500 mg/kg/day i.v. in 4 doses) and cephalotin (200 mg/kg/day i.v. in 6 doses), at the onset of fever during granulocytopenia. Patients in the gentamicin group were treated for a total of 541 patient days (minimum 5, maximum 106), and patients in the tobramycin group for 426 patient days (minimum 9, maximum 48). All patients received oral decontamination, which included the amino glycoside (either gentamicin or tobramycin) given intravenously. This study showed that 1) no patient had an increase in creatinine level above 1.3 mg % and no patient developed renal failure, 2) there was no difference between gentamicin and tobramycin in the efficacy of treating febrile episodes and/or major infections, 3) prolonged intravenous administration (up to 48 consecutive days in the tobramycin group and 106 consecutive days in the gentamicin group) was well tolerated and effective in treating fever of unknown origin in granulocytopenic patients: 45 of 72 febrile episodes resolved while the patients had a granulocyte count below 500/mm3.
Introduction to Pichia pastoris (1998)

Pichia pastoris has become a highly successful system for the expression of heterologous genes. Several factors have contributed to its rapid acceptance, the most important of which include: 1. A promoter derived from the alcohol oxidase I (AOX1) gene of P. pastoris that is uniquely suited for the controlled expression of foreign genes; 2. The similarity of techniques needed for the molecular genetic manipulation of P. pastoris to those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one of the most well-characterized experimental systems in modern biology; 3. The strong preference of P. pastoris for respiratory growth, a key physiological trait that greatly facilitates its culturing at high cell densities relative to fermentative yeasts; and 4. A 1993 decision by Phillips Petroleum Company (continued by Research Corporation Technologies [RTC]) to release the P. pastoris expression system to academic research laboratories, the consequence of which has been an explosion in the knowledge base of the system (Fig. 1).
“INTERNAL GETTERING” – METALLOTHERMIC REDUCTION PROCESSES IN THE EARLY STAGE OF SINTERING (2014)

One of the aspects of modern material systems for high strength sintered steel parts is the presence of alloy elements with widely different oxygen affinity. Compared to the base iron, the “new” alloy elements Cr, Mn and Si form oxides with much higher stability. It is shown here that in case of powder mixes this leads to oxygen transfer from the base iron particles to the alloy elements during heating up to sintering temperature, i.e. metallothermic reduction of the iron surfaces. With prealloyed powders, the surface oxides, which are originally mostly iron oxide, are transformed into alloy element oxides during heating unless the iron oxides can be reduced at low temperature with H2. In any case, the heterogeneity of the oxygen affinity is a parameter that has to be considered when defining alloy systems for sintered steels.
Bcl-2 Antisense (oblimersen sodium) Plus Dacarbazine in Patients With Advanced Melanoma: The Oblimersen Melanoma Study Group (2006)

The addition of oblimersen to dacarbazine significantly improved multiple clinical outcomes in patients with advanced melanoma and increased overall survival in patients without an elevated baseline serum LDH.
Parallel spin-momentum locking in a chiral topological semimetal (2022)

Spin-momentum locking in solids describes a directional relationship between the electron's spin angular momentum and its linear momentum over the entire Fermi surface. While orthogonal spin-momentum locking, such as Rashba spin-orbit coupling, has been studied for decades and inspired a vast number of applications, its natural counterpart, the purely parallel spin-momentum locking, has remained elusive in experiments. Recently, chiral topological semimetals that host single- and multifold band crossings have been predicted to realize such parallel locking. Here, we use spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to probe spin-momentum locking of a multifold fermion in the chiral topological semimetal PtGa via the spin-texture of its topological Fermi-arc surface states. We find that the electron spin of the Fermi-arcs points orthogonal to their Fermi surface contour for momenta close to the projection of the bulk multifold fermion, which is consistent with parallel spin-momentum locking of the latter. We anticipate that our discovery of parallel spin-momentum locking of multifold fermions will lead to the integration of chiral topological semimetals in novel spintronic devices, and the search for spin-dependent superconducting and magnetic instabilities in these materials.
Determination of the Selectivity of Printed Wearable Sweat Sensors (2017)

The characterization and system integration of a fully screen-printed electrolyte biosensor is described. The purpose of this sensor is to determine the state of fitness during sports activity by measuring the ammonium concentration in sweat. Focusing on the selectivity of the ammonium sensor against interfering sodium and potassium ions, the separate solution method (SSM) and the fixed interference method (FIM) are compared on the basis of a single sensing device. The latter is mainly supported by the excellent stability of the sensors. For both interfering ions, the FIM analysis shows a sufficient margin for the operation of the sensor in the desired application in wearable health and fitness monitoring from sweat. The selectivity coefficients are better than 0.01 for sodium and still better than 0.1 for potassium. SSM delivers higher selectivity in both cases, although the discrepancies in selectivity point towards further optimization potential in the sensor architecture or materials combination.
Load and source electronic emulation using resonant current control for testing in a microgrid laboratory (2014)

This paper details the development of a microgrid test set-up for the purposes of performing electrical system emulation such as load emulation and the emulation of generation equipment such as PV arrays. This test rig is comprised of two 15 kW dc-ac inverters connected in back to back configuration together with a rapid prototyping platform utilizing a Linux PC to interface with the inverter FPGAs using a control model built in Simulink Real-Time Workshop. This test platform allows for accelerated testing and verification of control designs, allowing the user to utilize existing Simulink toolboxes, and facilitates real time interaction with the equipment while in operation. In order to accurately track the current references of the emulated non-linear loads, a digital resonant current control scheme was designed and implemented. This controller utilizes a vector proportional integral control scheme to compensate up to the 18 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> harmonic in the synchronous reference frame. Current references are generated using an in the loop simulation of the desired load or generator model in Simulink. Experimental results are presented to verify the operation of the system as a load emulator with linear RCL load and unbalanced load. Generation emulation was carried out using an emulated PV array.
A Pseudo-Inverse for Nonlinear Operators (2021)

The Moore-Penrose inverse is widely used in physics, statistics and various fields of engineering. Among other characteristics, it captures well the notion of inversion of linear operators in the case of overcomplete data. In data science, nonlinear operators are extensively used. In this paper we define and characterize the fundamental properties of a pseudo-inverse for nonlinear operators. The concept is defined broadly. First for general sets, and then a refinement for normed spaces. Our pseudo-inverse for normed spaces yields the Moore-Penrose inverse when the operator is a matrix. We present conditions for existence and uniqueness of a pseudo-inverse and establish theoretical results investigating its properties, such as continuity, its value for operator compositions and projection operators, and others. Analytic expressions are given for the pseudo-inverse of some well-known, non-invertible, nonlinear operators, such as hard- or soft-thresholding and ReLU. Finally, we analyze a neural layer and discuss relations to wavelet thresholding and to regularized loss minimization.
Probing the Inflammatory Response Behind Diabetes and Obesity via the Biochemical Characterization of NOD1, an Innate Immune Receptor (2015)

Innate immunity is an intricate system employed by humans to regulate the trillions of bacteria that live in our body. One protein integral to the innate immune response is called nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐containing protein 1 (NOD1). NOD1 is a cytosolic, membrane‐associated protein that is linked to irritable bowel syndrome, asthma, diabetes, and obesity. These diseases are thought to arise from improper mRNA splicing of NOD1 transcripts leading to a poorly functioning NOD1 protein receptor that can no longer regulate an overstimulated inflammatory response. Activation occurs when NOD1 binds to a bacterial cell wall component called iE‐DAP, which then signals the the NF‐κB cascade to produce pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Current research is trying to describe the binding of iE‐DAP to NOD1, however, these studies almost exclusively use expensive and low‐yielding insect cells to obtain their active protein. This project aims to develop a bacterial expression system to express wildtype NOD1 and the LRR domain, which is the region thought to be involved in ligand binding. Currently I have produced both constructs in high yield from an E. coli system to allow their biochemical characterization through peptidoglycan pull‐down experiments and circular dichroism. Future work aims to obtain crystal structures of NOD1 bound to its ligand and perform NMR studies to observe ligand binding events.
Campylobacter pylori – Therapy Review (1989)

Although Campylobacter pylori is sensitive to many antibiotics in vitro, few are effective in vivo. Furthermore, treatment regimens which successfully clear the organism in vivo are associated with high recurrence rates when assessed one month following treatment. On the other hand, 85% of those individuals who are C. pylori negative 1 month after the cessation of therapy remain negative at 12 months and the infection can be considered to be eradicated. Treatment with certain bismuth salts appears to be the most useful monotherapy, eradicating the organism in approximately 19% whilst dual therapy with bismuth plus ampicillin or tinidazole is more effective, eradicating infection in 32% and 78% respectively. Preliminary data suggest that triple therapy with bismuth, amoxicillin and metronidazole, or bismuth, tetracycline and metronidazole eradicates the infection in over 90%.
MR imaging in patients with temporal lobe seizures: correlation of results with pathologic findings. (1990)

Thirty-nine consecutive patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures were studied with electroencephalography and MR imaging to localize an epileptogenic focus for temporal lobectomy. The patients were divided into three groups on the basis of pathologic findings after lobectomy: Group 1 comprised 13 patients with neoplasms, hamartomas, or cysts; group 2 comprised 13 patients with moderate and severe mesial temporal sclerosis (one patient was included in both groups 1 and 2); and group 3 comprised 14 patients who underwent aspiration lobectomy, which yielded limited tissue for pathologic study so no pathologic diagnosis was made. The majority of the patients in group 3 were assumed to have mesial temporal sclerosis. Abnormal MR signal in the temporal lobe on T2-weighted images was graded as minimal increase (1+), intermediate or moderate increase (2+), and very significant increase (3+). An abnormal signal was demonstrated in 26 (67%) of the 39 patients. In group 1, the tumor/cyst subgroup, an abnormal signal was seen in all 13 patients. Most had 3+ signal. There was increased signal in eight (62%) of 13 patients in group 2 and in six (43%) of 14 patients in group 3. This study suggests that MR can detect almost all tumors and a significant number of mesial temporal sclerosis lesions in individuals with complex partial seizures. On the basis of this small series, individuals who exhibit significant signal (3+) can be expected to have neoplasms, hamartomas, or cysts, and patients who exhibit minimal signal (1+) will usually have mesial temporal sclerosis.
Effect of Prophylactic Transluminal Balloon Angioplasty on Cerebral Vasospasm and Outcome in Patients With Fisher Grade III Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2008)

While the trial is unsuccessful as defined by the primary end point (GOS), proof of concept is confirmed by these results. Fewer patients tend to develop vasospasm after treatment with pTBA and there is a statistically significantly decreased need for therapeutic angioplasty. pTBA does not improve the poor outcome of patients with Fisher grade III subarachnoid hemorrhage.