gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How radio signals work : all the basics plus where to find out more (1997)

Most of us use radio waves every single day - and most of us have very little idea of how they work. In a reader-friendly style requiring no technical or mathematical background, this concise and clearly-written book explains the basics of radio signaling. You'll learn how energy carries information, messages are imprinted on energy, signals move across space, signals are detected and amplified, and electrons, watts, amps, volts, and other mysterious beasties work. If you're curious about the phenomena that make modern communications work ... if you want a fascinating, across-the-board tour of the entire field of radio communications, including career possibilities ... or if you want to buttress a radio license application, you've found the right book.
Comment on "Dispersive Terahertz Gain of a Nonclassical Oscillator: Bloch Oscillation in Semiconductor Superlattices" (2006)

In two recent Letters [Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 046806; Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 057408], Hirakawa et al. investigate the emission of coherent terahertz (THz) radiation from optically excited superlattices. The authors interpret the spectra of the THz transients in terms of a semiclassical transport model and conclude that the data provide evidence for the existence of the so-called Bloch gain. We show that the interpretation of the data in terms of a conductivity is, however, not performed correctly, thus making the conclusions of cited authors void.
Disentangling the Effect of Pressure and Mixing on a Mechanochemical Bromination Reaction by Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy** (2022)

Mechanical forces, including compressive stresses, have a significant impact on chemical reactions. Besides the preparative opportunities, mechanochemical conditions benefit from the absence of any organic solvent, the possibility of a significant synthetic acceleration and unique reaction pathways. Together with an accurate characterization of ball-milling products, the development of a deeper mechanistic understanding of the occurring transformations at a molecular level is critical for fully grasping the potential of organic mechanosynthesis. We herein studied a bromination of a cyclic sulfoximine in a mixer mill and used solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for structural characterization of the reaction products. Magic-angle spinning (MAS) was applied for elucidating the product mixtures taken from the milling jar without introducing any further post-processing on the sample. Ex situ <sup>13</sup> C-detected NMR spectra of ball-milling products showed the formation of a crystalline solid phase with the regioselective bromination of the S-aryl group of the heterocycle in position 4. Completion is reached in less than 30 minutes as deduced from the NMR spectra. The bromination can also be achieved by magnetic stirring, but then, a longer reaction time is required. Mixing the solid educts in the NMR rotor allows to get in situ insights into the reaction and enables the detection of a reaction intermediate. The pressure alone induced in the rotor by MAS is not sufficient to lead to full conversion and the reaction occurs on slower time scales than in the ball mill, which is crucial for analysing mixtures taken from the milling jar by solid-state NMR. Our data suggest that on top of centrifugal forces, an efficient mixing of the starting materials is required for reaching a complete reaction.
Direct detection of RNA in vitro and in situ by target-primed RCA: The impact of E. coli RNase III on the detection efficiency of RNA sequences distanced far from the 3′-end (2010)

We improved the target RNA-primed RCA technique for direct detection and analysis of RNA in vitro and in situ. Previously we showed that the 3' --> 5' single-stranded RNA exonucleolytic activity of Phi29 DNA polymerase converts the target RNA into a primer and uses it for RCA initiation. However, in some cases, the single-stranded RNA exoribonucleolytic activity of the polymerase is hindered by strong double-stranded structures at the 3'-end of target RNAs. We demonstrate that in such hampered cases, the double-stranded RNA-specific Escherichia coli RNase III efficiently assists Phi29 DNA polymerase in converting the target RNA into a primer. These observations extend the target RNA-primed RCA possibilities to test RNA sequences distanced far from the 3'-end and customize this technique for the inner RNA sequence analysis.
Galaxy Charts: The 1,000-Light-Year View of the Data (2013)

Abstract This article presents a new kind of chart, called a Galaxy chart, which combines the strengths of other chart types. A Galaxy chart displays an entire Cost Element Structure on a single sheet of paper, showing all of the elements, their relationships, and their costs in a visually appealing way. Each child cost element is “in orbit” around its parent, with its children “in orbit” around their parent. The size of each cost element is directly proportional to its magnitude. Galaxy charts provide many insights. For instance, a single Galaxy chart displays the cost element structure hierarchy, the most significant cost elements, the least significant cost elements, the descending order of cost elements, and cost elements of equal value. This article will give an overview of the Galaxy chart concept, explain how to construct one, and explain a few of the insights that are available from the display insights that are typically difficult to gain without using a Galaxy chart. Acknowledgments This article was awarded Best Paper Overall at the 2012 SCEA/ISPA Conference. The software that produces Galaxy Charts is patent pending.
The origin-destination shortest path problem (1993)

Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-35).
Analysis For Precipitation Change Trend Of Hainan Island Since 1961 (2006)

This paper analyzes the annual precipitation and the rainy days distribution characteristic and their change rule during 1961～2004 in the various stations of Hainan Island by using tendency analytic method,gathered methods and so on.The result indicates that the precipitation of the entire island mainly concentrates from May to October.The yearly average rainfall is most in middle and eastern part of the coastal area,and highest in Middle part(2438.9mm/a),and the least in western coastal area.The rainy day distribution of different grade rain measurement with the rainfall are basically consistent.Regarding to the yearly change,the annual precipitation,the precipitation in drought period,the precipitation in flood season assume an increasing tendency in the entire island;The average yearly rainy day number,and the drizzle day number as well as the yearly longest continual rainy day number assume gradually reducing tendency,But the multi-year average heavy rain and rainstorm day number present the gradually increasing tendency.
DNA methyltransferase 3B expression is associated with poor outcome of stage I testicular seminoma (2012)

Patients with seminomas showing focal DNMT3B expression are at increased risk of relapse, and should be followed up carefully.
Common-path interferometer using Frensel zone plate with initial phase shift. Metrological uses (1990)

An improvement in the accuracy of the axial distance measurement between two planes using a simple zone plate interferometer is proposed. In this case a Fresnel zone plate with initial phase shift between the Oth and ± 1st diffracted orders must be designed.
IL-18 Inhibits Growth of Murine Orthotopic Prostate Carcinomas via Both Adaptive and Innate Immune Mechanisms (2011)

Interleukin(IL)-18 is a pleiotrophic cytokine with functions in immune modulation, angiogenesis and bone metabolism. In this study, the potential of IL-18 as an immunotherapy for prostate cancer (PCa) was examined using the murine model of prostate carcinoma, RM1 and a bone metastatic variant RM1(BM)/B4H7-luc. RM1 and RM1(BM)/B4H7-luc cells were stably transfected to express bioactive IL-18. These cells were implanted into syngeneic immunocompetent mice, with or without an IL-18-neutralising antibody (αIL-18, SK113AE4). IL-18 significantly inhibited the growth of both subcutaneous and orthotopic RM1 tumors and the IL-18 neutralizing antibody abrogated the tumor growth-inhibition. In vivo neutralization of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) completely eliminated the anti-tumor effects of IL-18 confirming an essential role of IFN-γ as a down-stream mediator of the anti-tumor activity of IL-18. Tumors from mice in which IL-18 and/or IFN-γ was neutralized contained significantly fewer CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells than those with functional IL-18. The essential role of adaptive immunity was demonstrated as tumors grew more rapidly in RAG1(-/-) mice or in mice depleted of CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) cells than in normal mice. The tumors in RAG1(-/-) mice were also significantly smaller when IL-18 was present, indicating that innate immune mechanisms are involved. IL-18 also induced an increase in tumor infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils but not NK cells. In other experiments, direct injection of recombinant IL-18 into established tumors also inhibited tumor growth, which was associated with an increase in intratumoral macrophages, but not T cells. These results suggest that local IL-18 in the tumor environment can significantly potentiate anti-tumor immunity in the prostate and clearly demonstrate that this effect is mediated by innate and adaptive immune mechanisms.
Universalisme et individualisme dans le droit chilien des retraites (2009)

Le systeme de retraite chilien a attire, depuis les annees 1980, l’attention des specialistes de securite sociale. La recente reforme de 2008, portant sur une extension de la couverture de la retraite, oblige a repenser l’analyse de ce modele. Si la protection de la retraite est toujours realisee sur la base d’un modele comportant une logique unique fondee sur la capacite contributive, la conformite du droit a pension au principe d’universalite subjective doit desormais etre analysee. Les deux volets de protection du systeme chilien doivent en effet etre etudies dans le but d’apprecier leur capacite globale a couvrir la population chilienne. D’une part, le premier volet comprend un mecanisme non contributif octroye par l’Etat, qui repond ainsi a ses obligations internationales et constitutionnelles de protection de sa population. D’autre part, le second volet consiste en des mecanismes contributifs, obligatoires et volontaires, mis a la disposition des personnes pour leur permettre de se procurer une protection contre le risque vieillesse. La reforme de 2008, par les nouveaux mecanismes non contributifs qu’elle a mis en place, renforce la protection du droit fondamental a la retraite et, par les corrections qu’elle a apportees aux mecanismes contributifs, en etend la couverture. L’universalite subjective doit donc etre recherchee par l’analyse de l’ensemble des mecanismes du systeme de pensions chilien. C’est en effet la complementarite de ces deux mecanismes qui confere au droit a pension son caractere universel. Le systeme de retraite devient un tout coherent, qui associe Universalisme et Individualisme pour proteger l’ensemble de la population.
The American Brachytherapy Society Treatment Recommendations for Locally Advanced Carcinoma of the Cervix Part II: High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy (2020)

This report presents the 2011 update to the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy guidelines for locally advanced cervical cancer.
Drill Bit Contact Dynamics Including Side Cutting: Simulation and Validation (2016)

Simulation techniques are increasingly becoming popular in recent years as a way of simulating oil drilling processes. Among them, directional drilling is a specific method that benefits enormously from such numerical techniques, inasmuch as the estimation of the wellbore curvature is crucial and cannot be properly estimated through approximate geometry methods. We present here some of the latest advances in bit contact dynamics, wellbore update algorithms, and experimental validation of side cutting, in the context of a finite element (FE) and finite segment simulation framework. The framework is based on the high-fidelity dynamic simulation of the mechanical system, including detailed geometry, large displacements, and accurate contact forces. The theoretical aspects, along with the experimental results, are thoroughly presented. Overall, this paper constitutes a step toward a more deterministic way of calculating build rates and designing downhole drilling tools.
Considerations and performance evaluations of shared storage area networks at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (2003)

The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt Maryland is exploring advanced storage architectures for retaining and distributing its large data holdings. As a research vehicle, a multi-building Storage Area Network (SAN) was deployed at GSFC in early 2002. The initial objective was to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of fibre channel-connected, centralized storage as it applies to a campus installation. The secondary objective was to illustrate the advantages of a heterogeneous SAN shared file system that would allow a single instance of data to be globally shared amongst multiple SAN-connected clients on different platforms. The GSFC SAN has since been extended to include off-campus connections for evaluating the Internet Protocol (IP) as an option for connecting a broader, more geographically dispersed user base. The focus of this paper is the series of tests conducted to characterize distance data sharing using both native FC and IP based technologies. These experiments include both standard I/O benchmarks as well as representative GSFC applications.
Encapsulation of Radioactive 159Gd and 161Tb Atoms in Fullerene Cages (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEncapsulation of Radioactive 159Gd and 161Tb Atoms in Fullerene CagesKoichi Kikuchi, Kanako Kobayashi, Keisuke Sueki, Shinzo Suzuki, Hiromichi Nakahara, Yohji Achiba, Kenji Tomura, and Motomi KatadaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 21, 9775–9776Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00100a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00100a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Análisis molecular del papel de NF-KB en la reactivación del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en linfocitos CD4 (2012)

El factor de transcripcion nf-kb es un elemento regulador esencial en los linfocitos cd4 y en su ausencia no es posible detectar transactivacion del ltr en estas celulas. La produccion de la proteina tat y su funcion transactivadora son asimismo absolutamente dependientes de la conservacion del consenso nf-kb en el ltr viral. Por otra parte hemos descrito que en el nucleo de los linfocitos cd4 en reposo existen complejos homodimericos de la subunidad proteica p50 de nf-kb que aunque no median actividad transcripcional per se pueden cooperar con la proteina tat del vih en la iniciacion de la transcripcion. La conclusion final del trabajo considera que en linfocitos cd4, la induccion de nf-kb modifica radicalmente la permisividad para la replicacion del vih en este tipo celular. Los datos obtenidos apoyan la hipomesis que propugna que la translocacion nuclear de nf-kb es el principal mecanismo responsable de la iniciacion de la transcripcion del genoma viral en el curso de los procesos de activacion linfocitaria y el principal elemento regulador de la replicacion del vih a partir de su estado de latencia.
Free academic discourse and the law: the case of liposomal bupivacaine (2023)

Liposomal bupivacaine has been the topic of intense academic debate over the past years culminating in an industry-initiated libel lawsuit against the American Society of Anesthesiologists and various other defendants. In this Daring Discourse, we first aim to provide a general overview of main themes in the ongoing controversy: (1) between-study heterogeneity, (2) the high number of negative high-quality reviews and meta-analyses, (3) publication bias in the context of an active role of industry and (4) difference between statistical and clinical significance. We then discuss the contents of the lawsuit, its potential implications and what the recent resolution of this lawsuit means for the future of research and the academic discourse on liposomal bupivacaine.
Retroperitoneal Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma (1992)

We present 2 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the retroperitoneum. Only 12-14% of all MFH occur in the retroperitoneum. Both patients were operated with the diagnosis of a kidney tumor. The surgical exposure showed a tumor arising from the retroperitoneum, infiltrating or surrounding the kidney. We would like to emphasize that large tumors of the retroperitoneum which resemble kidney tumors can also arise from mesenchymal tissue.
Chemical and physical modifications to poly(dimethylsiloxane) surfaces affect adhesion of Caco‐2 cells (2009)

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone elastomer is extensively used in soft lithography processes to fabricate microscale or nano scale systems for microfluidic or cell culture applications. Though PDMS is biocompatible, it is not an ideal material for cell culture due to its poor cell adhesion properties. In this study, PDMS surfaces were modified to promote intestinal cell adhesion, in the interest of testing feasibility of using microfabricated PDMS systems for high throughput drug screening. Modification techniques included changing chemical composition of PDMS (i.e., varying curing to mixing agent ratio, and oxidization of PDMS surface by oxygen plasma), surface treatment of PDMS by coating with charged molecules (i.e., poly-D-lysine, L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine, and a layer bylayer coating), and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (i.e., laminin, fibronectin, and collagen). The influence of these modifications on PDMS properties, including elastic modulus and surface properties (wettability, chemical composition, topography, and protein adsorption) were characterized. Modification techniques were all found to change PDMS properties and influence the attachment and proliferation of Caco-2 cells over three days of culture to varying degrees. Generally, Caco-2 cells preferred to attach on collagen-coated, fibronectin-coated, and fibronectin-coated oxygen-plasma treated PDMS. The results highlight the importance of considering multiple physical and chemical factors that may be influenced by biomaterial modification and result in altered cell attachment to microfabricated systems, including surface hydrophobicity, chemical composition, stiffness, and topography. This study provides a foundation for further miniaturization, utilizing soft lithography techniques, of Caco-2 cell-based system for high-throughput screening of drug intestinal absorption during lead optimization in drug discovery. The understanding of different surface modifications on adjusting cell adhesion on PDMS allows systemic design of Biomicroelectromechanical Systems (BioMEMS) with tunable cell adhesion properties.
All-optical probe of magnetization precession modulated by spin–orbit torque (2020)

Laser-induced magnetization precession modulated by an in-plane direct current was investigated in a W/CoFeB/MgO micron-sized strip using an all-optical time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect microscope. We observed a relatively large change in the precession frequency, owing to a current-induced spin–orbit torque. The generation efficiency of the spin–orbit torque was evaluated as −0.35 ± 0.03, which was in accordance with that evaluated from the modulation of damping. This technique may become an alternate method for the evaluation of spin–orbit torque.
Fast approach to speaker identification for large population using MLLR and sufficient statistics (2010)

In speaker identification, most of the computational processing time is required to calculate the likelihood of the test utterance of the unknown speaker with respect to the speaker models in the database. When number of speakers in the database is in the order of 10,000 or more, then computational complexity becomes very high. In this paper, we propose a Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression (MLLR) based fast method to calculate the likelihood from the speaker model using the MLLR matrix. The proposed technique will help to quickly find the best N speakers during identification. After that final speaker identification task can be done within the N selected speakers using any conventional method of speaker identification. The comparative study of the proposed method is done in terms of processing time with the state-of-the-art GMM-UBM based system on NIST 2004 SRE. The proposed technique performs faster than GMM-UBM based system with some degradation in system accuracy.
Anti-MUC1 Antibodies and Ovarian Cancer Risk: Prospective Data from the Nurses' Health Studies (2010)

Key elements of an "immune model" to explain ovarian cancer risk factors are confirmed and should be evaluated in larger prospective studies.
Unintended Consequences of Sensor, Signal, and Imaging Informatics: New Problems and New Solutions (2016)

The constant advances in medical technology allow ever more relevant diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to be designed. Nevertheless, there is a need to acquire expert knowledge of these innovations in order to identify precociously new associated problems for which new solutions need to be designed and developed.
Quantum Dots and Perovskites – Realizing the Best of Both Worlds for Revolutionary Optoelectronic Applications (2017)

We demonstrate QD photovoltaic cells made from CsPbI3 colloidal nanocrystals with an open-circuit voltage of 1.23 volts and power conversion efficiency of 13.4%. Despite very little research on this specific material system to date, the performance surpasses that of any other QD solar cell. This new material system has incredible potential for many applications in optoelectronics, including multijunction photovoltaics, solid state lighting and display technology. Here, I will present the basics behind the perovskite revolution over the past several years and a forward look into where this technology could make the greatest impact.