gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What Is the Role of Pyridinium in Pyridine-Catalyzed CO2Reduction on p-GaP Photocathodes? (2015)

Experimental evidence suggests that pyridinium plays an important role in photocatalytic CO2 reduction on p-GaP photoelectrodes. Pyridinium reduction to pyridinyl has been previously proposed as an essential mechanistic step for this reaction. However, theoretical calculations suggest that this step is not feasible in solution. Here, cluster models and accurate periodic boundary condition calculations are used to determine whether such a reduction step could occur by transfer of photoexcited electrons from the p-GaP photocathode and whether this transfer could be catalyzed by pyridinium adsorption on the p-GaP surface. It is found that both the transfer of photoexcited electrons to pyridinium and pyridinium adsorption are not energetically favored, thus making very unlikely pyridinium reduction to the pyridinyl radical and the proposed mechanisms requiring this reduction step. Given this conclusion, an alternative and energetically viable pathway for pyridinium reduction on p-GaP photoelectrodes is proposed. This pathway leads to the formation of adsorbed species that could react to form adsorbed dihydropyridine, which was proposed previously to play the role of the active catalyst in this system.
Quantization noise spectral shaping in instantaneous coding of spectrally unbalanced speech signals (2003)

In the context of centralized spectral equalization of speech in a telephone network, the signal is spectrally strongly unbalanced at the output of the equalizer, before being quantized, which results in low SNR at the receiver. We propose and evaluate experimentally two methods to reshape the quantization noise, in order to make it less perceptible in reception. The first one consists in finding the most probable quantization sequence, given the desired noise spectrum. In the second one, the filtered quantization error is added to the signal to be quantized.
Optical Method for Estimating the Chlorophyll Contents in Plant Leaves (2018)

This work introduces a new vision-based approach for estimating chlorophyll contents in a plant leaf using reflectance and transmittance as base parameters. Images of the top and underside of the leaf are captured. To estimate the base parameters (reflectance/transmittance), a novel optical arrangement is proposed. The chlorophyll content is then estimated by using linear regression where the inputs are the reflectance and transmittance of the leaf. Performance of the proposed method for chlorophyll content estimation was compared with a spectrophotometer and a Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) meter. Chlorophyll content estimation was realized for <i>Lactuca sativa</i> L., <i>Azadirachta indica</i>, <i>Canavalia ensiforme</i>, and <i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>. Experimental results showed that-in terms of accuracy and processing speed-the proposed algorithm outperformed many of the previous vision-based approach methods that have used SPAD as a reference device. On the other hand, the accuracy reached is 91% for crops such as <i>Azadirachta indica</i>, where the chlorophyll value was obtained using the spectrophotometer. Additionally, it was possible to achieve an estimation of the chlorophyll content in the leaf every 200 ms with a low-cost camera and a simple optical arrangement. This non-destructive method increased accuracy in the chlorophyll content estimation by using an optical arrangement that yielded both the reflectance and transmittance information, while the required hardware is cheap.
FACTOR VIII IN VIRUS INFECTED CELLS: A LIGHT MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION (1987)

Viruses may be important in atherosclerosis as inciters of arterial injury or as modulators of the metabolism of the infected cells. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the members of the herpesvirus family ;that infect human beings. Virus was detected in arterial walls of patients with atherosclerosis (1). The effect of CMV on endothelial cells and on the metabolism of these cells was subject of this study. Human endothelial cells monolayers were established from cells obtained by collagenase treatment of human umbilical cord veins and arteries. The cells were grown in medium 199 containing growth factor and 20% fetal calf serum. All monolayers were near confluency at the time of viral infection. The cells were purified by FACS cell sorting using dilacLDL as marker (2). Infection of endothelial cells was performed using CMV laboratory strains ADI69 and Kerr and wild strains isolated from immunosuppressed patients (obtained by Dr. H.T. Wei land, Dept. Virology, University of Leiden, The Netherlands). Intracytoplasmic and intra-nuclear viral antigens were detected in 10-20% of the endothelial cells by fluorescence microscppy using TRITC-labeled monoclonal antibodies against CMV. Centrifugation of the cell monolayer during virus incubation resulted in an increase in the percentage of virus positive cells. The effect of virus infection on presence ot Tacxor VIII in the cells was studied using fluorescence microscopic examination of cell monolayers using a double staining technique. The presence of factor VIII in the cytoplasm of the cells was demonstrated using FITC-labeled antibodies and viral antigens were demonstrated by TRITC-labeled antibodies The results of these experiments showed that HCMV-infection of endothelial cells resulted in the disappearance of factor VIII from the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells at 48-72 hrs post infection without affecting the viability of the infected cells. The importance of this finding in relation to the function of the endothelial cells will be discussed. References: (1) Melnick, J.L. et al. The Lancet (1983): 644-647. (2) Voyta, J.C. et al. J. Cell Biol. 99 (1984): 2034-2040.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Practical Methodology for the Synthesis of D‐ and L‐α‐ Amino Acids, N‐Protected α‐Amino Acids, and N‐Methyl‐α‐ amino Acids. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure S3 from The MET/AXL/FGFR Inhibitor S49076 Impairs Aurora B Activity and Improves the Antitumor Efficacy of Radiotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;In vitro activity of S49076 and ionizing radiation combination&lt;/p&gt;
Increased airborne transmission of COVID-19 with new variants, Implications for health policies (2022)

Abstract New COVID-19 variants, either of higher viral load such as delta or higher contagiousness like omicron, can lead to higher airborne transmission than historical strains. This paper highlights their implications for health policies, based on a clear analytical understanding and modeling of the airborne contamination paths, of the dose following exposure, and the importance of the counting unit for pathogens, itself linked to the dose-response law. Using the counting unit of Wells, i.e. the quantum of contagium, we develop the conservation equation of quanta which allows deriving the value of the quantum concentration at steady state for a well-mixed room. The link with the monitoring concentration of carbon dioxide is made and used for a risk analysis of a variety of situations for which we collected CO 2 time-series observations. The main conclusions of these observations are that 1) the present norms of ventilation, are both insufficient and not respected, especially in a variety of public premises, leading to high risk of contamination and that 2) air can often be considered well-mixed. Finally, we insist that public health policy in the field of airborne transmission should be based on a multi parameter analysis such as the time of exposure, the quantum production rate, mask wearing and the infector proportion in the population in order to evaluate the risk, considering the whole complexity of dose evaluation. Recognizing airborne transmission requires thinking in terms of time of exposure rather than in terms of proximal distance. Highlights Relative airborne risk assessment following variant viral load and contagiousness Indoor analytical risk assessment including absence of ventilation Adequacy of the present norms of ventilation to Covid-19 pandemic Observation of non-compliance to standards concerning CO 2 Indoor Air Quality
A Case of Palatalized Misarticulation with Severe Tongue Thrust. Articulation Treatment of /s/ Sound with Oral Myofunctional Therapy. (1997)

著しい舌癖を有する構音障害の訓練に, 筋機能療法 (以下, MFT) を応用した舌運動訓練を適用し良好な結果を得たので報告する.症例は10歳男児で, 発音時に舌背を挙上し舌尖を全く使用せず, 口蓋化構音を示した.また発音時以外では安静時, 嚥下時において舌癖が顕著に認められた.方法: 訓練はエレクトロパラトグラフィーを応用した視覚的訓練方法を用いて/s/音の訓練を行い, 基礎訓練に加えてMFTを応用した4種類の舌運動訓練を行った.また, それぞれの訓練に訓練レベルを設定し, 訓練過程を評価した.結果: 従来の基礎訓練では異常な舌運動様式が除去できなかったが, MFTを応用した舌運動訓練を適用したところ, 舌運動様式が改善され, 短期間で/s/音が習得された.以上の結果から, MFTを応用した構音訓練は, 著しい舌癖を有する構音障害の治療において有用であることが示唆された.
Tikhonov regularization applied to the inverse problem of option pricing: convergence analysis and rates (2005)

This paper investigates the stable identification of local volatility surfaces σ(S, t) in the Black–Scholes/Dupire equation from market prices of European Vanilla options. Based on the properties of the parameter-to-solution mapping, which assigns option prices to given volatilities, we show stability and convergence of approximations gained by Tikhonov regularization. In the case of a known term-structure of the volatility surface, in particular, if the volatility is assumed to be constant in time, we prove convergence rates under simple smoothness and decay conditions on the true volatility. The convergence rate analysis sheds light onto the importance of an appropriate a priori guess for the unknown volatility and the nature of the ill-posedness of the inverse problem, caused by smoothing properties and the nonlinearity of the direct problem. Finally, the theoretical results are illustrated by numerical experiments.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Randomized Phase II Cabazitaxel Dose Individualization and Neutropenia Prevention Trial in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;CONSORT Diagram&lt;/p&gt;
Numerically solving the Biot equations for sound absorbing materials using a wave expansion method (2018)

Poroelastic materials are often used in noise control applications to dissipate acoustic waves through viscous, thermal and structural effects. The prediction of sound propagation in such materials ...
Limitations of N-hydroxysuccinimide esters in affinity chromatography and protein immobilization (1987)

The carbodiimide-mediated reaction of N-hydroxysuccinimide with carboxyl groups immobilized to hydroxyl-containing polymers (such as Sepharose or Trisacryl) leads to an undesirable side reaction in high yields. The product of this reaction interferes with the application of such columns for further affinity-based purification. In addition to the desired N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, a bis(N-hydroxysuccinimide)derivative of beta-alanine [namely, N- [(succinimidooxy)carbonyl]-beta-alanine N-hydroxysuccinimide ester] is probably produced that reacts subsequently with the hydroxyl group of the polymer via ester and carbamate bonds. These beta-alanine derivatives are formed upon interaction of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide with 3 equiv of N-hydroxysuccinimide followed by a Lossen rearrangement. The amount of beta-alanine thus coupled is very high compared to the number of carboxyl groups present on the resin. The beta-alanine bound through the ester bond comprises about 90% of the beta-alanine bound. Alkaline treatment of the ester-bonded beta-alanine-containing polymers (prior to coupling of amino-containing ligands) causes a rearrangement yielding beta-alanine with a free carboxyl group coupled through a stable carbamate linkage. After coupling of amino-containing ligands, the above-described rearrangement cannot occur, and the beta-alanine-linked ligand leaks from the polymer via hydrolysis of the ester bond. The newly formed carboxyl groups (derived from the rearrangement) can be used to prepare active esters. In view of the above, we developed methods for the preparation of nitrophenyl esters as well as N-hydroxysuccinimide esters free of unstable beta-alanine derivatives on polymers containing hydroxyl groups. Upon coupling with amino-containing ligands, these esters yield resins bearing chemically stable bonds.
Changes in Sulfhydryl Groups and Hydrodynamic Behavior of Thiolated Polyvinyl Alcohol Reacted with Oxidized Lipid (1979)

A synthetic polymer, thiolated polyvinyl alcohol (SH-PVA), was used for examining the reaction between sulfhydryls and lipids during dough mixing. When SH-PVA was incubated with linoleic acid hydroperoxide at a concentration of 1/12 to 1/4 mole to a mole of SH group, progressive oxidation of sulfhydryl was observed and a part of disulfides seemed to be further oxidized in some cases. The hydrodynamic behavior of SH-PVA treated with oxidized linoleic acid was similar to that of SH-PVA treated with an oxidizing agent, potassium bromate; non-Newtonian flow and increase in viscosity were observed. The peak of the gel filtration pattern of SH-PVA shifted to a faster elution position upon treatment with oxidized linoleic acid. These results probably indicate the formation of an interchain disulfide linkage. In view of these results, we discussed the role of lipids involved in oxidation of free SH groups in the rheological properties of gluten and dough.
Identification and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance dissemination in animal production (2005)

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem in human medicine, and concern has been expressed that use of antimicrobials in animals may be a contributing factor. Although the majority of human pathogens showing antibiotic resistance have no link with animals, the issue of animal use of antimicrobials remains controversial, particularly with respect to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). The European Union (EU) has withdrawn as AGP some compounds that remain in use in the United Sates. This difference in availability allows comparisons to be made of antimicrobial resistance outcomes with and without use of an AGP. Such comparisons so far show little apparent measurable benefit to human health resulting from the EU removal of AGP, and there is evidence of increased use of therapeutic antibiotics in animals to treat an apparent increased incidence of clinical disease. Microbial risk assessments are important in judging quantitatively or qualitatively whether the risk of using a particular AGP is acceptable in terms of potential hazard to human health. Resistance surveillance is an essential part of such microbial risk assessments, but such surveillance should be carefully planned to avoid confounding factors that could invalidate any conclusions.
A smart power IC for high side driver applications (1991)

New technologies allow the realization of power MOSFET, bipolar transistors and complex analog and digital structures on the same piece of silicon. A high side switch IC for current and high voltage applications is presented. This smart power chip is optimized to drive inductive and resistive loads in an automotive environment. The chip contains fault diagnostics to detect any failure at system level. This paper also presents the new power BICMOS technology used for this design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Jahn-Teller Distortion and Cation Ordering: The Crystal Structure of Paratooite-(La), a Superstructure of Carbocernaite (2019)

The crystal structure of paratooite-(La) has been solved using crystals from the type locality, Paratoo copper mine, near Yunta, Olary Province, South Australia, Australia. The mineral is orthorhombic, Pbam, a = 7.2250(3) Å, b = 12.7626(5) Å, c = 10.0559(4) Å, V = 927.25(6) Å3, and R1 = 0.063 for 1299 unique observed reflections. The crystal structure contains eight symmetrically independent cation sites. The La site, which accommodates rare earth elements (REEs), but also contains Sr and Ca, has a tenfold coordination by seven carbonate groups. The Ca, Na1, and Na2 sites are coordinated by eight, eight, and six O atoms, respectively, forming distorted CaO8 and Na1O8 cubes, and Na2O6 octahedra. The Cu site is occupied solely by copper and possess a distorted octahedral coordination with four short (1.941 Å) and two longer (2.676 Å) apical Cu–O bonds. There are three symmetrically independent carbonate groups (CO3)2− with the average &lt;C–O&gt; bond lengths equal to 1.279, 1.280, and 1.279 Å for the C1, C2, and C3 sites, respectively. The crystal structure of paratooite-(La) can be described as a strongly distorted body-centered lattice formed by metal cations with (CO3)2− groups filling its interstices. According to the chemical and crystal-structure data, the crystal-chemical formula of paratooite-(La) can be described as (La0.74Ca0.11Sr0.07)4CuCa(Na0.75Ca0.15)(Na0.63)(CO3)8 or REE2.96Ca1.59Na1.38CuSr0.28(CO3)8. The idealized formula can be written as (La,Sr,Ca)4CuCa(Na,Ca)2(CO3)8. The structure of paratooite is a 1 × 2 × 2 superstructure of carbocernaite, CaSr(CO3)2. The superstructure arises due to the ordering of the chemically different Cu2+ cations, on one hand, and Na+ and Ca2+ cations, on the other hand. The formation of a superstructure due to the cation ordering in paratooite-(La) compared to carbocernaite results in the multiple increase of structural complexity per unit cell. Therefore, paratooite-(La) versus carbocernaite represents a good example of structural complexity increasing due to the increasing chemical complexity controlled by different electronic properties of mineral-forming chemical elements (transitional versus alkali and alkaline earth metals).
Cosmopolitanism and Human Rights: Radicalism in a Global Age (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Cosmopolitanism and the Rights of Man: The Radicalisation of Natural Law Cosmopolitanism and Social Theory: The Preservation and Transcendence of Natural Law Cosmopolitanism and Human Rights: The Dialectics of Progress Cosmopolitanism and the Crisis of Human Rights: The Turn to Judgment Acknowledgments References
Evaluation of the no-disparity realistic image from a sense of presence and low fatigue (2013)

We evaluated an observer’s fatigue and a sense of presence, in observing the no-disparity realistic image (NDR image) [1-3]. NDR image is consisted of two images (right and left image). Right image is created by shifting all pixels in left image same amount. Consequently, there are no disparities in all area of NDR image. NDR image which is reconfigured the contents that contain image with large disparity might have a possibility that it suppress an observer’s fatigue and let him feel high presence. Subjects observed three condition's videos (stereoscopic, NDR and 2D). Subjects observed two videos in each condition. Each video was 30 minutes. There were scenes with large disparity (more than 5 degrees) in videos. Subjects responded SSQ (Simulator Sickness Questionnaire), VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) for fatigue and questionnaire on realism and were measured CFF (Critical Frequency Fusion), accommodation tremor, stereoscopic vision test, ocular position measurement and eye sight test. Results showed that NDR image let observer feel high presence and an observer's fatigue was low. NDR image is effective, even if contents which contain large disparity are converted into NDR image.
Photobiomodulation (blue and green light) encourages osteoblastic-differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells: role of intracellular calcium and light-gated ion channels (2016)

Abstract Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) have the potential to differentiate into several different cell types including osteoblasts. Photobiomodulation (PBM) or low level laser therapy (LLLT) using red or near-infrared wavelengths has been reported to have effects on both proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. We examined the effects of delivering four different wavelengths (420 nm, 540 nm, 660 nm, 810 nm) at the same dose (3 J/cm 2 ) five times (every two days) on hASCs cultured in osteogenic medium over three weeks. We measured expression of the following transcription factors by RT-PCR: RUNX2, osterix and the osteoblast protein, osteocalcin. The 420 nm and 540 nm wavelengths were more effective in stimulating osteoblast differentiation compared to 660 nm and 810 nm. Intracellular calcium was higher after 420 nm and 540 nm and could be inhibited by capsazepine and SKF96365, which also inhibited osteogenic differentiation. We hypothesize that activation of light-gated calcium ion channels by blue and green light could explain our results.
Capturing Workload Pathology by Statistical Exception Detection System. (2005)

The paper describes one site&amp;apos;s experience of using Multivariate Adaptive Statistical Filtering (MASF) to recognize automatically some common computer system defects such as run-away processes on one or multiple CPUs and memory leaks. A home made SEDS (Statistical Exception Detection System) that captures any global and application level statistical exceptions was modified to recognize, report and alert about those defects.
Harmonically Mode-Locked Quantum Cascade Lasers for Mid-Infrared Frequency Comb Generation (2017)

The single-mode to multimode transition in standing-wave quantum cascade lasers exhibits a harmonically mode-locked regime skipping cavity modes. The large sideband separation unravels a new mechanism for frequency comb generation seeded by the RNGH instability.
Long-term outcomes of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in Indian patients with Budd–Chiari syndrome (2017)

Incomplete symptom response after TIPS is associated with poor outcome and can be used for selection of patients for liver transplantation.
The importance of integrally simulating the building, HVAC and control systems, and occupants’ impact for energy predictions of buildings including temperature and humidity control: validated case study museum Hermitage Amsterdam (2016)

For buildings including temperature and humidity control, this study compares the energy prediction accuracy of a ZABES-model (Zone Air Building Energy Simulation) to an IBES-model (Integral Building Energy Simulation), which additionally includes models of the air handling unit (AHU) and controllers. Museum Hermitage Amsterdam served as a case study. For one year, measurements were performed in the main exhibition hall and its AHU. The ZABES-model was developed using heat air and moisture model for building and systems evaluation (implemented in MATLAB). The IBES-model was developed in Simulink and consists of the ZABES-model and models of AHU-components and controllers. Both models have been validated in detail. The IBES-model’s energy prediction errors are well within 10%. However, the ZABES-model underestimated the total annual energy consumption by 84%. Moreover, including occupants’ heat and moisture gains leads to realistic results using the IBES-model, but leads to unrealistic results using the ZABES-model. In conclusion, IBES-models are essential for reliable energy predictions of buildings including humidity control.