gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MRS (monitored retrievable storage) systems study Task G report: The role and functions of surface storage of radioactive material in the federal waste management system (1989)

This is one of nine studies undertaken by contractors to the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM), to provide a technical basis for re-evaluating the role of a monitored retrievable storage (MRS) facility. The study investigates the functions that could be performed by surface storage of radioactive material within the federal radioactive waste management system, including enabling acceptance of spent fuel from utility owners, scheduling of waste-preparation processes within the system, enhancement of system operating reliability, and conditioning the thermal (decay heat) characteristics of spent fuel emplaced in a repository. The analysis focuses particularly on the effects of storage capacity and DOE acceptance schedule on power reactors. Figures of merit developed include the storage capacity (in metric tons of uranium (MTU)) required to be added beyond currently estimated maximum spent fuel storage capacities and its associated cost, and the number of years that spent fuel pools would remain open after last discharge (in pool-years) and the cost of this period of operation. 27 refs., 36 figs., 18 tabs.
Electron structure of single and interacting hydrogen impurities in free-electron-like metals (1979)

Recent progress in the theoretical description of hydrogen impurities in metals, as described by the jellium model, and their interaction mutually and with vacancies are described. In addition to giving a detailed account of the author's contribution, the paper presents new results for the spectra of the hydrogen-induced states. These show for single interstitial hydrogen a doubly occupied bound state, while substitutional hydrogen has an atomic resonance in the conduction band. In both cases the state is situated just below the "local bottom of the band," as defined by the clean-metal effective potential at the impurity site. When two such states interact, both the bonding and the antibonding molecular orbitals get filled except at the lowest metallic densities, and a repulsive hydrogen-hydrogen interaction results. Spin-polarized $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ self-consistent-field calculations of the impurity excitation energies are presented. The results compare well with the one-electron binding energies of the bound states and with the excitation energies calculated by Vinter. The hydrogen impurity spectra presented can therefore be expected to represent approximately experimental excitation spectra of interstitial and substitutional hydrogen in free-electron-like metals.
Interphase FISH for rapid identification of a Down syndrome animal model (1999)

Mouse models of Down syndrome (trisomy 21, DS) have been developed to study the consequences of triplication of regions syntenic to distal human chromosome 21. We report a technique for the identification of segmental trisomy 16 (Ts65Dn) and diploid progeny at any age using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of uncultured tail fibroblasts. Our technique is faster and less expensive than blood karyotyping.
Randomized Phase III Placebo-Controlled Trial of Letrozole Plus Oral Temsirolimus As First-Line Endocrine Therapy in Postmenopausal Women With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer (2012)

Adding temsirolimus to letrozole did not improve PFS as first-line therapy in patients with AI-naive advanced breast cancer. Exploratory analyses of benefit in younger postmenopausal patients require external confirmation.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Cam-Type Impingement of the Hip (2015)

Kweon, Christopher MD1; Welton, K. Linnea MD2; Kelly, Bryan T. MD3; Larson, Christopher M. MD4; Bedi, Asheesh MD2,a Author Information
Leucémies aiguës myéloïdes et greffes à conditionnement atténué : où en sommes nous ? (2007)

Le developpement des greffes a conditionnement d’intensite reduite (CIR) modifie depuis plusieurs annees l’approche des hemopathies graves chez les patients de plus de 50 ans, en particulier dans les leucemies aigues myeloides (LAM). L’experience initialement developpee pour les patients ayant des contre-indications a une greffe classique – dont l’âge – remet en question l’indication de la greffe et le choix de son conditionnement a la fois pour les plus âges, mais aussi pour les adultes de moins de 50 ans. A l’heure presente, sont disponibles les resultats d’etudes ouvertes d’une part, des comparaisons de series historiques apres conditionnement classique ou attenue d’autre part. Les donnees de la litterature s’accordent sur deux points : 1) l’approche a CIR reduit la mortalite liee a la greffe, en particulier la mortalite precoce et les complications infectieuses des trois premiers mois. Cette reduction est moins evidente 1 a 2 ans apres la greffe ; 2) le taux de rechute leucemique pourrait etre plus eleve apres CIR. Cependant, ces series ne montrent finalement pas de benefice franc du CIR par rapport a l’approche classique en termes de survie sans rechute a moyen terme. Les donnees restent d’interpretation difficile en raison de l’âge habituellement plus eleve des patients recevant un CIR, de l’heterogeneite des conditionnements dans la litterature, et des facteurs pronostiques variables des maladies traitees. L’approche a CIR reste cependant extremement encourageante et justifie le developpement d’etudes prospectives pour repondre a deux questions :– Quelle est la place de l’allogreffe a CIR par rapport a la chimiotherapie chez les patients de plus de 50 ans qui sont habituellement recuses pour l’allogreffe conventionnelle et chez lesquels le pronostic de la LAM est mauvais ?– Quel est le benefice d’un CIR chez les patients plus jeunes, susceptibles de beneficier des deux approches ?Le propos de cet article est de rappeler les indications actuelles de l’allogreffe classique dans les LAM, de rappeler le rationnel des greffes a conditionnement d’intensite reduite, de faire le point des donnees de la litterature sur les allogreffes a CIR dans les LAM, et de discuter les principales questions posees a court et moyen terme sur l’indication et le conditionnement de la greffe.
Message from the workshop on the future of social networking (2011)

Electronic social networks are a relatively new pervasive phenomenon that has changed the way in which we communicate and interact. They are now supporting new applications, leading to new trends and posing new challenges. The workshop titled "Future of Social Networking: Experts from Industry and Academia" took place in Cambridge on November 18, 2010 to expose how the future of social networking may develop and be exploited in new technologies and systems. We provide a summary of this event and some observations on the key outcomes.
Activation of seminal root primordia during wheat domestication reveals underlying mechanisms of plant resilience (2018)

Seminal roots constitute the initial wheat root system and provide the main route for water absorption during early stages of development. Seminal root number (SRN) varies among species. However, the mechanisms through which SRN is controlled and in turn contribute to environmental adaptation are poorly understood. Here, we show that SRN increased upon wheat domestication from 3 to 5 due to the activation of 2 root primordia that are suppressed in wild wheat, a trait controlled by loci expressed in the germinating embryo. Suppression of root primordia did not limit water uptake, indicating that 3 seminal roots is adequate to maintain growth during seedling development. The persistence of roots at their primordial state promoted seedling recovery from water stress through reactivation of suppressed primordia upon rehydration. Our findings suggest that under well-watered conditions, SRN is not a limiting factor, and excessive number of roots may be costly and maladaptive. Following water stress, lack of substantial root system suppresses growth and rapid recovery of the root system is essential for seedling recovery. This study underscores SRN as key adaptive trait that was reshaped upon domestication. The maintenance of roots at their primordial state during seedling development may be regarded as seedling protective mechanism against water stress.
Discovery of a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable c-Met Inhibitor: 1-(2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-N-(5-(7-methoxyquinolin-4-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)-5-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (AMG 458) (2008)

Deregulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met has been implicated in human cancers. Pyrazolones with N-1 bearing a pendent hydroxyalkyl side chain showed selective inhibition of c-Met over VEGFR2. However, studies revealed the generation of active, nonselective metabolites. Blocking this metabolic hot spot led to the discovery of 17 (AMG 458). When dosed orally, 17 significantly inhibited tumor growth in the NIH3T3/TPR-Met and U-87 MG xenograft models with no adverse effect on body weight.
Tips for monitoring the position of a central venous catheter. How placement can go awry--even when the anatomy is normal. (1993)

Malpositioning of a central venous catheter can cause potentially life-threatening complications. Knowledge of thoracic anatomy and close attention to proper insertion technique increase the likelihood of, but do not ensure, proper placement. Selection of a right-sided venous entry site reduces the risk of malpositioning. The return of nonpulsatile, dark-colored blood is a strong, but not infallible, indication of venous placement. Do not assume that venous system valves preclude malpositioning. Use chest films to confirm accurate insertion. When these are equivocal, take simultaneous blood samples from a peripheral artery and the central line; the samples will have markedly different blood gas levels if the catheter is in a vein.
Effects of Structurally Different HDAC Inhibitors against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania, and Schistosoma mansoni (2022)

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), including trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis, result in a significant burden in terms of morbidity and mortality worldwide every year. Current antiparasitic drugs suffer from several limitations such as toxicity, no efficacy toward all of the forms of the parasites' life cycle, and/or induction of resistance. Histone-modifying enzymes play a crucial role in parasite growth and survival; thus, the use of epigenetic drugs has been suggested as a strategy for the treatment of NTDs. We tested structurally different HDACi <b>1</b>-<b>9</b>, chosen from our in-house library or newly synthesized, against <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i><i>, Leishmania</i> spp, and <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>. Among them, <b>4</b> emerged as the most potent against all of the tested parasites, but it was too toxic against host cells, hampering further studies. The retinoic 2'-aminoanilide <b>8</b> was less potent than <b>4</b> in all parasitic assays, but as its toxicity is considerably lower, it could be the starting structure for further development. In <i>T. cruzi</i>, compound <b>3</b> exhibited a single-digit micromolar inhibition of parasite growth combined with moderate toxicity. In <i>S. mansoni</i>, <b>4</b>'s close analogs <b>17</b>-<b>20</b> were tested in new transformed schistosomula (NTS) and adult worms displaying high death induction against both parasite forms. Among them, <b>17</b> and <b>19</b> exhibited very low toxicity in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, thus being promising compounds for further optimization.
The sigma-1 receptor: Potential role in the modulation of cellular radiation sensitivity (2020)

Direct interaction of the sigma-1 ( σ1) receptor, an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone located in close vicinity to the mitochondrion, with a variety of proteins involved in essential processes regulating proliferation, survival, and death of cells, indicates a role of this protein in tumor biology. Since tumor therapies address precisely these processes to stop the growth of tumor cells, the σ1 receptor could be a suitable modulator of the effectiveness of selected therapies. Recent initial studies have shown not only anti-proliferative effects of ligands targeting this protein, but also modulating effects in both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, in this regard the influence of functional expression of the σ1receptor has not yet been fully clarified. The purpose of this pilot experiment was to investigate the role of σ1 receptor on cellular radiosensitivity in an in vitro model. Therefore, clonogenic assays were performed to assess the susceptibility of HEK293 cells, stably transfected with human σ1 receptor, towards irradiation (X-ray) in comparison to non-transfected cells. Moreover, irradiation combined with pharmacological treatment should prove whether agonistic and antagonistic ligand binding to σ1 receptor influences the effectiveness of radiation treatment. The data obtained are not fully conclusive by indicating, on the one hand, an involvement of σ1 receptor in radiation-induced effects along with pharmacological effects independent from the σ1 receptor level, on the other hand, suggesting limitations of the model used herein. Consequently, subsequent work will focus on the investigation of tumor cells with different receptor densities.
Anti-Obesity Effect of Nostoc commune Ethanol Extract In Vitro and In Vivo (2022)

<i>Nostoc commune</i> is an edible terrestrial blue-green alga. It has shown many beneficial effects on human health. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical assay of <i>N. commune</i> ethanol extract (NEE) and its anti-obesity effects. The effect of a high-calorie diet on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes is investigated, and a Wistar rat model is used to demonstrate the anti-obesity effect of NEE and its mechanism. The results showed that the NEE has phytochemical compounds, such as total polyphenol, total flavonoids, and total terpenoids. NEE was also shown to suppress cell proliferation and lipid accumulation (26.9%) in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Furthermore, NEE reduced the body weight (13.5%), fat tissue weight (13.3%), and the serum FFA (19.4%), TG (14.2%), TC (11.8%), and LDL-C (16.4%) of rats. In histopathology, NEE was shown to diminish the size of adipocytes and hepatic lipid droplets. The NEE downregulated the mRNA expression of adipogenesis (PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c) and lipid lysis-related genes (ATGL, HSL) in epididymal adipose tissue. The NEE also upregulated the mRNA expression of β-oxidation related genes (AMPK, CPT-1, PPAR-α) in the liver. Overall, this study suggests NEE has the potential to be developed as a functional food for anti-obesity.
Nanotechnology: a systems and control approach (2004)

Recent years have seen significant advances in the fields of nanosciences and nanotechnology. A significant part of the research in nanotechnology deals with developing tools and devices to probe and manipulate matter at the atomic, molecular and macro-molecular levels. Surprisingly in spite of the potential for engineers to contribute substantially to this area, most of the contributions till date have come from physicists and biologists. Engineering ideas primarily from systems theory and control significantly complement the physical studies performed in this area of research. This thesis demonstrates this by the application of systems ideas and tools to address two of the most important goals of nanotechnology, interrogation and positioning of materials at the nanoscale. The atomic force microscope (AFM), a micro-cantilever based device is one of the foremost tools in the interrogation and manipulation of matter at the atomic scale. The AFM operating in the most common tapping-mode has a highly complex dynamics due to the nonlinear tip-sample interaction forces. A systems approach is proposed to analyze the tapping-mode dynamics. The systems perspective is further exploited to develop analytical tools for modeling and identifying tip sample interactions. Some of the distinctly nonlinear features of tapping-mode operation are explained using the asymptotic theory of weakly nonlinear oscillators developed by Bogoliubov and Mitropolski. In the nanopositioning front, through the design and implementation of nanopositioning devices, a new paradigm for the systematic design of nanopositioners with specific bandwidth, resolution and robustness requirements is presented. Many tools from modern robust control like nominal and robust Hoo designs and Glover McFarlane designs are exploited for this. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of these design schemes.
Monte Carlo simulation of a LSC based on stacked layers of fiber arrays with core-coating different absorbing properties (2021)

In this work, a Monte Carlo ray-tracing model for the simulation and optimization of a fiber Luminescent Solar Concentrator (LSC) based on stacked layers of fiber arrays is developed and validated. The fiber LSC efficiency improvements are compared against a conventional planar LSC. We developed a new model to analyze the performance of different configurations of bulk-doped fibers and fibers constituted by a doped coating and a passive core. These configurations are analyzed also varying fiber packing geometry diameters, and length. Due to the exceptionally low absorption coefficient of the silica fibers (α<sub>wg</sub> ≈ 10<sup>-4</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup>), concentration factors of up to 1.9 are predicted when dimensions are scaled over 1 m<sup>2</sup>, which improve more than twice the maximum concentration factor ever reported. These results serve as a preliminary theoretical study for the future development of a new LSC design based on flexible silica micro-fibers coated with Si-QDs doped poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) layers.
Placement aware clock gate cloning and redistribution methodology (2012)

Gating clocks has been a widely adopted technique for reducing dynamic power. The clock gating strategy employed has a huge bearing on the clock tree synthesis quality along with the impact to leakage and dynamic power. This paper proposes a technique for clock gate optimization to aid clock tree synthesis. The technique enables cloning and redistribution of the fanout among the existing equivalent clock gates. The technique is placement aware and hence reduces overall clock wire length and The method involves employing the “k-means clustering algorithm” to geographically partition the design's registers. This enables better clock tree quality entitlement during clock tree synthesis in terms of clock tree area, power and better local skew distribution. The paper highlights the utility of this technique by showcasing the clock tree synthesis quality of results improvement on a complex design.
Synthesis of a Conformationally Rigid Analogue of 2-Aminoadipic Acid Containing an 8-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Skeleton (2009)

A new, conformationally rigid analogue of 2-amino­adipic acid, 8-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-3-methylene-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1,5-dicarboxylic acid, is synthesized from dimethyl rac-2,5-dibromohexanedioate. The key steps involve alkylation-cyclization of 1-benzyl 2,5-dimethyl pyrrolidine-1,2,5-tricarboxylate with 3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)prop-1-ene to yield the 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane skeleton.
Effects and safety of iron-based phosphate binders in dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2014)

Iron-based phosphate binders are as effective as sevelamer and well tolerated for hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients. Iron-based phosphate binders appear to have a beneficial effect on renal anemia in patients receiving dialysis. Therefore, iron-based phosphate binders may represent a new treatment option for dialysis patients.
Application of electromyography in ergonomics: new vistas. (1978)

The application of electromyography in analysis of muscle strain in working situations is far from straight-forward. Muscle force, for instance, is not directly accessible using electromyography. New insight in electrophysiological phenomena of human muscle provides however a firm basis for analysis of localized muscle fatigue at work. Such applications entail information at the muscle fiber membrane level.
Dimorphism of Hexaaquanickel(Ii) Bis(p-Nitrobenzoate) Dihydrate Salt: A New Triclinic Crystal Form (2018)

Room temperature crystallization from a water/ethanol solution of NiSO4, p-nitrobenzoic acid (HPNBA), and thiourea yields single crystals of [Ni(H2O)6](PNBA)2·2H2O. Crystal data are: a = 5.9626(8), b = 7.3552(11), c = 12.3459(17) Å, α = 97.885(12), β = 96.714(11), γ = 91.158(11)°, V = 532.28(13) Å3, space group Pī, Z = 1. An alternative monoclinic crystal form of the same compound with a slightly lower packing efficiency was previously obtained. The Ni(II) cation is located on a crystallographic inversion center and octahedrally coordinated by six water molecules. The PNBA moieties occupy an outer coordination sphere acting as counter-anions. An intricate system of H bonds between the complex cation, the PNBA anions, and the co-crystallized water molecules results in a three-dimensional network.
The value of KRAS mutation testing with CEA for the diagnosis of pancreatic mucinous cysts (2016)

The detection of a KRAS mutation in PCF is a highly specific test for mucinous cysts. It outperforms CEA for sensitivity in mucinous cyst diagnosis, but the data does not support its routine use.
Nonlinear filtering of backpropagated fields (1999)

As a result of interest in imaging strongly scattering targets, the Air Force Research Laboratory is making available to the community sets of data from various targets. We describe a nonlinear filtering technique, namely, homomorphic filtering, which we have applied to recover an image of the target from the backpropagated field calculated from the scattering data. We show new results for targets that other methods, especially linearized methods, are unable to image. While we obtain good images with real data, convolutional effects arising from limited data can sometimes degrade performance.
RapidMRC (2009)

Miss rate curves (MRCs) are useful in a number of contexts. In our research, online L2 cache MRCs enable us to dynamically identify optimal cache sizes when cache-partitioning a shared-cache multicore processor. Obtaining L2 MRCs has generally been assumed to be expensive when done in software and consequently, their usage for online optimizations has been limited. To address these problems and opportunities, we have developed a low-overhead software technique to obtain L2 MRCs online on current processors, exploiting features available in their performance monitoring units so that no changes to the application source code or binaries are required. Our technique, called RapidMRC, requires a single probing period of roughly 221 million processor cycles (147 ms), and subsequently 124 million cycles (83 ms) to process the data. We demonstrate its accuracy by comparing the obtained MRCs to the actual L2 MRCs of 30 applications taken from SPECcpu2006, SPECcpu2000, and SPECjbb2000. We show that RapidMRC can be applied to sizing cache partitions, helping to achieve performance improvements of up to 27%.
Multi-reference neighborhood search for vector quantization by neural network prediction and self-organized feature map (2002)

Reference neighbor search (RNS) is a new technique for fast searching of vector quantization (VQ). However, the optimal performance is not guaranteed and the performance is greatly affected by the selection of reference point. In this research, the authors employed the Kohonen self organized feature map to generate a codebook of high degree of neighborhood and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network to adaptively predict the reference. The predicted reference is closer to the input, thus the search distance will be reduced together with multiple queues and a look up table, the number of searches is significantly reduced while maintaining optimal performance.