gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rock strength determination in shale caprock through inversion of 3D seismic in the Forties field, UK (2011)

The objective of this project is to analyze the rock strength of the shale caprock of the Forties field in the North Sea that could relate to shale instability and more importantly to reactivation of the pre‐existing faults in the region, which in turn could cause well drilling problems. Using fault slip theory and constructing Mohr diagrams, we anticipate a decrease in the coefficient of friction of the pre‐existing planes of weakness due to known layering and fractures within the shale caprock, resulting low unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the rock. Mapping low UCS values in the field was achieved by relating UCS to rigidity, μ, values obtained from the wells, and extending this relationship laterally using 3D seismic.
miR-222 contributes to sex-dimorphic cardiac eNOS expression via ets-1 (2013)

It is well recognized that there is sex-dimorphic expression of mRNA and protein in the heart; however, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an important regulator of cardiac function, and the expression levels of eNOS differ between male and female hearts. The aim of this study was to examine whether expression of specific microRNA (miRNA, miR) in males and females contributes to changes in the expression of eNOS. miRNA was extracted from the myocardium of male and female C57BL/6 mice and subjected to an Affymetrix miRNA array. Decreased expression of miR-222 was discovered in females and confirmed by qRT-PCR from whole heart or isolated cardiomyocytes. The transcription factor V-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog-1 (ets-1) was identified as a potential target of miR-222 using TargetScan, and fivefold increased ets-1 protein expression in females was confirmed by Western blot. Targeting of ets-1 by miR-222 was determined in HEK293 cells overexpressing luciferase under regulation of either the ets-1 3'-UTR, a null 3'-UTR control, or a scrambled ets-1 3'-UTR and treated with a small molecule miR-222 mimic or inhibitor. Additionally qRT-PCR confirmed that mRNA levels of the ets-1 transcriptional target, eNOS, were 25% higher in females. Compared with untreated myocyte controls, 50% inhibition of eNOS expression was achieved by treatment with a miR-222 mimic, compared with a 25% increase due to miR-222 inhibitor. Our findings indicate that sex-dependent miR-222 regulation alters the expression of the cardiac regulatory protein eNOS.
Computer-aided detection of kidney tumor on abdominal computed tomography scans (2004)

This computer-aided detection scheme was useful for kidney tumor detection and gave the characteristics of detected kidney tumors.
Enhanced Safety and Efficacy of Oncolytic VSV Therapy by Combination with T Cell Receptor Transgenic T Cells as Carriers (2018)

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) represents an attractive oncolytic virotherapy platform because of its potent tumor cell-killing and immune-stimulating properties; yet the clinical translation of VSV faces numerous challenges, such as inefficient systemic delivery and severe side effects such as neurotoxicity. We hypothesized that we could overcome these limitations and simultaneously enhance the therapy, by combining VSV with adoptively transferred T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic T cells as carrier cells. We show that CD8<sup>+</sup> T central memory cells (CD8<sup>+</sup> T cm) can be efficiently loaded with VSV, they support intracellular virus production, and they can efficiently transfer VSV to tumor cells without compromising their own viability or antitumor reactivity. Loading VSV onto CD8<sup>+</sup> T cm not only improves the safety compared with systemic administration of naked virus, but this approach also allows for an effective delivery of virus to its tumor target, resulting in an effective combination therapy in NSG mice bearing subcutaneous human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) tumors. We conclude that the combination of potent tumor debulking provided by the oncolytic VSV with the added effector functions afforded by the cytotoxic immune carrier cells results in a potent and safer immunotherapeutic, which can be further developed for clinical translation.
Activity Recognition Using a Single Accelerometer Placed at the Wrist or Ankle (2013)

A classification algorithm using 13 features shows good classification into the four classes given the complexity of the activities in the original data set. The algorithm is computationally efficient and could be implemented in real time on mobile devices with only 4-s latency.
Trematocine, a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide from the Antarctic Fish Trematomus bernacchii: Identification and Biological Activity (2020)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short peptides active against a wide range of pathogens and, therefore, they are considered a useful alternative to conventional antibiotics. We have identified a new AMP in a transcriptome derived from the Antarctic fish <i>Trematomus bernacchii</i>. This peptide, named Trematocine, has been investigated for its expression both at the basal level and after in vivo immunization with an endemic Antarctic bacterium (<i>Psychrobacter</i> sp. TAD1). Results agree with the expected behavior of a fish innate immune component, therefore we decided to synthesize the putative mature sequence of Trematocine to determine the structure, the interaction with biological membranes, and the biological activity. We showed that Trematocine folds into a α-helical structure in the presence of both zwitterionic and anionic charged vesicles. We demonstrated that Trematocine has a highly specific interaction with anionic charged vesicles and that it can kill Gram-negative bacteria, possibly via a carpet like mechanism. Moreover, Trematocine showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria similar to other AMPs isolated from Antarctic fishes. The peptide is a possible candidate for a new drug as it does not show any haemolytic or cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells at the concentration needed to kill the tested bacteria.
Hardware Man-in-the-Middle Attacks on Smartphones (2020)

With the democratization of smartphones, law enforcement agencies are increasingly faced with the necessity of extracting data from criminal devices. Several vulnerabilities can be exploited to extract these data, but they are usually quickly fixed by a software update as soon as they are discovered by the manufacturers. We propose a new hardware/protocol based attack targeting data communication bus of a smartphone. This attack is more robust to countermeasures, and allows to have a real-time access to the data exchanged for further processing.
Keeping Allergen Names Clear and Defined (2019)

The World Health Organization/International Union of Immunological Societies (WHO/IUIS) Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee was established in 1986 by leading allergists to standardize names given to proteins that cause IgE-mediated reactions in humans. The Sub-Committee's objective is to assign unique names to allergens based on a critical analysis of confidentially submitted biochemical and clinical data from researchers, often prior to publication to preserve consistency. The Sub-Committee maintains and revises the database as the understanding of allergens evolves. This report summarizes recent developments that led to updates in classification of cockroach group 1 and 5 allergens to animal as well as environmental and occupational allergens. Interestingly, routes, doses, and frequency of exposure often affects allergenicity as does the biochemical properties of the proteins and similarity to self and other proteins. Information required by the Sub-Committee now is more extensive than previously as technology has improved. Identification of new allergens requires identification of the amino acid sequence and physical characteristics of the protein as well as demonstration of IgE binding from subjects verified by described clinical histories, proof of the presence of the protein in relevant exposure substances, and demonstration of biological activity (skin prick tests, activation of basophils, or mast cells). Names are assigned based on taxonomy with the abbreviation of genus and species and assignment of a number, which reflects the priority of discovery, but more often now, the relationships with homologous proteins in related species.
GH Secretagogues in Aging (2000)

Growth hormone (GH) secretagogues (GHS) are synthetic peptidyl and nonpeptidyl molecules which possess strong, dose-dependent and reproducible GH-releasing activity, even after oral administration. GHS release GH via actions on specific receptors at the pituitary and, mainly, at the hypothalamic level. GHS likely act as functional SS antagonists and meantime enhance the activity of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-secreting neurons. In fact, GHS need the integrity of hypothalamus-pituitary unit to fully show their GH-releasing effect. The GH-releasing effect of GHS is reduced in aging likely reflecting concomitant GHRH hypoactivity and somatostatinergic hyperactivity, though impaired activity of the putative GHS-like ligand and/or receptors has also to be taken into account. Orally active GHS have been proposed as rejuvenating anabolic treatment of somatopause (age-related changes in metabolism, structure functions, and body composition partially reflecting the aging of GH/IGF-I axis). No definitive evidence of their clinical usefulness as anabolic agents has been provided yet. On the other hand, GHS have specific receptors in other central and peripheral endocrine and nonendocrine tissues. These receptor subtypes mediate GH-independent biological activities linked to the neuro-endocrinology of aging. For instance, GHS: (a) possess adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-releasing activity, which is increased in elderly subjects; (b) influence sleep pattern rejuvenating it in elderly subjects; (c) stimulate food intake; (d) have cardiovascular activities including protection against cardiac ischemia and cardiomyocyte apoptosis as well as increase in cardiac contractility. These "other than GH" central and peripheral activities are now carefully under evaluation.
Simulation data mining for supporting bridge design (2011)

We introduce simulation data mining as an approach to extract knowledge and decision rules from simulation results. The acquired knowledge can be utilized to provide preliminary answers and immediate feedback if a precise analysis is not at hand, or if waiting for the actual simulation results will considerably impair the interaction between a human designer and the computer. This paper reports on a bridge design project in civil engineering where the motivation to apply simulation data mining is twofold: (1) when dealing with real-world bridge models the simulation efficiency is inadequate to gain true interactivity during the design process, and (2) the designers are confronted with a parameter space (the design space) of enormous size, from which they can analyze only a small fraction. To address both issues, we propose that a database of models (the design variants) should be pre-computed so that the behavior of similar models can be used to guide decision making. In particular, simulation results based on displacement, strain, and stress analyses are clustered to identify models with similar behavior, which may not be obvious in the design space. By means of machine learning, the clustering results obtained in the simulation space can be transferred back into the design space in the form of a highly non-linear similarity measure that compares two design alternatives based on relevant physical connections. If the assessments of the measure are reliable, it will perfectly address the mentioned issues above. With this approach we break new ground, and our paper details the technology and its application for a real-world design setting.
Progress of catalytic science and technology in the last decade. (1989)

固体触媒における最近10年の科学・技術の進歩をまとめた。触媒技術においては合成化学プロセスと環境保全関連でとりわけ我が国で着実な進展があった。前者では, ZSM-5を中心とする新型ゼオライトの登場とその分子形状選択反応を初めとする新反応への展開が注目される。後者では, NOxの還元除去技術や自動車用三元触媒の確立があげられる。複合酸化物触媒については機能解析が進んだ他, 新しい複合酸化物も次々に登場した。酸・塩基では, 超強酸触媒の開発, 塩基触媒によるメタンのカップリング反応が注目される。C1化学では, 優れた要素技術の蓄積が見られた。新しい触媒調製技術として金属錯体化学を活用した方法, CVD, CLDによる薄膜触媒の調製がある。固体触媒の解析に表面科学 (電子分光, EXAFS, 固体NMRなど) の成果が活発に導入され, 触媒表面の理解が大いに深まったことも特筆される。表面科学としての触媒の分野では, 金属単結晶をモデル触媒として活性点構造の解明が進展した。ここでは, Fe単結晶上のアンモニア合成を紹介した。
Gradually activated lithium uptake in sodium citrate toward high‐capacity organic anode for lithium‐ion batteries (2020)

Abstract Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been used to power various electric devices and store energy, but their toxic components by using inorganic materials generally cause serious environmental issues when disused. Recently, environmentally friendly and naturally abundant organic compounds have been adopted as promising electrode materials for next‐generation LIBs. Herein, a new organic anode electrode based on sodium citrate is proposed, which shows gradually activated electrochemical behavior and delivers a high reversible capacity of 776.8 mAh·g −1 after 1770 cycles at a current density of 2 A·g −1 . With the aid of the electrochemical characterization, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the lithium uptake mechanism of sodium citrate‐based anodes is identified to be a combination of three‐electron lithiation/delithiation and fast Li + intercalation/deintercalation processes, in which Faradaic reactions could offer a theoretical contribution of 312 mAh·g −1 and intercalation pseudocapacitance would provide extra capacity. This work demonstrates the great potential for developing high‐capacity organic electrodes for LIBs in future.
Validation of Cross-Genotype Neutralization by Hepatitis B Virus-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies by In Vitro and In Vivo Infection (2015)

Vaccines based on hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype A have been used worldwide for immunoprophylaxis and are thought to prevent infections by non-A HBV strains effectively, whereas, vaccines generated from genotype C have been used in several Asian countries, including Japan and Korea, where HBV genotype C is prevalent. However, acute hepatitis B caused by HBV genotype A infection has been increasing in Japan and little is known about the efficacy of immunization with genotype C-based vaccines against non-C infection. We have isolated human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from individuals who were immunized with the genotype C-based vaccine. In this study, the efficacies of these two mAbs, HB0116 and HB0478, were analyzed using in vivo and in vitro models of HBV infection. Intravenous inoculation of HBV genotype C into chimeric mice with human hepatocytes resulted in the establishment of HBV infection after five weeks, whereas preincubation of the inocula with HB0116 or HB0478 protected chimeric mice from genotype C infection completely. Interestingly, both HB0116 and HB0478 were found to block completely genotype A infection. Moreover, infection by a genotype C strain with an immune escape substitution of amino acid 145 in the hepatitis B surface protein was also completely inhibited by incubation with HB0478. Finally, in vitro analysis of dose dependency revealed that the amounts of HB0478 required for complete protection against genotype C and genotype A infection were 5.5 mIU and 55 mIU, respectively. These results suggested that genotype C-based vaccines have ability to induce cross-genotype immunity against HBV infection.
The Unsolved Link of Genetic Markers and Crohn’s Disease Progression: A North American Cohort Experience (2019)

Our GWA study failed to show any SNP-phenotype association reaching genome-wide significance. It is likely that multiple variables affect disease progression, with genetic factors potentially having only a small effect size.
Heterogeneous integration of thin film compound semiconductor lasers and SU8 waveguides on SiO 2 /Si (2010)

We present the heterogeneous integration of a 3.8 &#956;m thick InGaAs/GaAs edge emitting laser that was metal-metal bonded to SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si and end-fire coupled into a 2.8 &#956;m thick tapered SU8 polymer waveguide integrated on the same substrate. The system was driven in pulsed mode and the waveguide output was captured on an IR imaging array to characterize the mode. The waveguide output was also coupled into a multimode fiber, and into an optical head and spectrum analyzer, indicating lasing at ~997 nm and a threshold current density of 250 A/cm<sup>2</sup>.
Solar Cycle Variations in the Composition of the Suprathermal Heavy-Ion Population near 1 AU (2006)

We have measured the annual variation in the quiet-time composition of interplanetary suprathermal ions between 0.04 and 1 MeV nucleon-1 from 1994 November 20 through 2006 January 1. Our results show the following: (1) The C/O and Fe/O ratios are similar to the corresponding values measured in the solar wind and corotating interaction regions (CIRs) during solar minimum conditions of 1994-1997 and 2005. (2) During periods of increased solar activity between 1998 and 2002, the C/O ratio is similar to that measured in solar energetic particle (SEP) events, while the Fe/O ratio lies between the values measured in coronal mass ejection-driven interplanetary shock and SEP events. (3) The 3He/4He ratio lies in the 1.5%-5% range during 1997-2005 August, but it dropped by an order of magnitude during 2005. We conclude that the composition of the suprathermal ion population between ~6 and 30 times the solar wind speed near 1 AU is dynamic and is essentially dominated by ions accelerated in SEP events during solar maximum conditions and by suprathermal solar wind ions and/or those accelerated in CIRs during solar minimum conditions.
Robustly Learning Mixtures of $k$ Arbitrary Gaussians (2020)

We give a polynomial-time algorithm for the problem of robustly estimating a mixture of $k$ arbitrary Gaussians in $\mathbb{R}^d$, for any fixed $k$, in the presence of a constant fraction of arbitrary corruptions. This resolves the main open problem in several previous works on algorithmic robust statistics, which addressed the special cases of robustly estimating (a) a single Gaussian, (b) a mixture of TV-distance separated Gaussians, and (c) a uniform mixture of two Gaussians. Our main tools are an efficient \emph{partial clustering} algorithm that relies on the sum-of-squares method, and a novel \emph{tensor decomposition} algorithm that allows errors in both Frobenius norm and low-rank terms.
Simple, Sensitive Zymogram Technique for Detection of Xylanase Activity in Polyacrylamide Gels (1990)

A method capable of detecting as little as 0.11 U of xylanase activity in polyacrylamide gels was developed. The method entails incubation of protein gels in contact with substrate gels containing unmodified xylan, followed by immersion of substrate gels in 95% ethanol. Resulting zymograms contain transparent bands corresponding to enzymatic activity against an opaque background.
Vector Magnetometer with Dual-Bridge GMR Sensors (2014)

A three-axis vector magnetometer based on two sets of dual-bridge GMR sensors and a fluxguide was investigated in this work. The sensors were mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) with their sensing directions along the x- and y-axes respectively. A cylindrical ferrite fluxguide was put at the center of four sensors with the symmetric axis normal to the PCB plane. The fluxguide deflects the magnetic flux lines of an out-of-plane field to generate the in-plane components, making it possible to detect the z-axis field component with the x - y plane sensor pairs. When the device was driven by a peak-to-peak excitation voltage of 0.4 V, the demodulated dV/dB were found to be 230, 240, and 220 V/T, respectively, for the x, y, and z sensing axes. The field noise spectral densities at 1 Hz were found to be between 3 and 9 nT/√(Hz) for all three sensing axes. The proposed magnetometer design can be adapted to reduce the size and to lower the power consumption by integrating all the components on a chip.
Replicative Mcm2 protein as a novel proliferation marker in oligodendrogliomas and its relationship to Ki67 labelling index, histological grade and prognosis (2001)

The grading and prognostic assessment of oligodendrogliomas is severely constrained and there remains a need for improved diagnosis. Recently, we have identified the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) family of proteins as a novel class of proliferation markers. Mcm2 is a protein which forms part of the prereplicative complex. It is necessary for this complex to be assembled at origins of future DNA replication during the G1 phase to allow genome replication in the subsequent S phase. Our aim was to determine whether analysis of Mcm2 protein expression in oligodendrogliomas is of diagnostic value. Immunohistochemical staining for Mcm2 was performed on an archival series of 32 oligodendrogliomas. These tumours have been previously characterized for Ki67, mitotic labelling index and outcome. Cells showing expression of Mcm2 were quantified as a percentage to provide an Mcm2 labelling index. We have demonstrated a good correlation between Mcm2 and Ki67 labelling indices (r = 0.76, P < 0.01) but immunohistochemistry for Mcm2 consistently identified a higher proportion of cells. Mcm2 labelling index was higher in grade III than grade II tumours (P < 0.001). Cases with a high Mcm2 labelling index showed a poorer prognosis than those with a low index (P = 0.497) in univariate analysis, but with wide variation in this small series. Demonstration of Mcm2 expression is of value to demonstrate the proliferative fraction of tumours and is likely to be of prognostic value. Its study in a larger series is therefore warranted.
Radio Wave Propagation in Vehicular Environments (2020)

Providing a unified treatment of radio wave propagation in vehicular environments, this book offers a thorough discussion of their theoretical background and fundamental limits, and paves the way to a better understanding of more advanced topics. Further, the book introduces the newest challenges and problems posed by the ever growing need to communicate in mobile networks whilst in a vehicle. The book provides an exhaustive survey of current propagation models, setting a theoretical path that will allow practical engineers and researchers to understand and improve existing wireless mobile networks through better understanding of propagation modelling as applied to the vehicular environment. Chapters are included on wireless channel properties for vehicular environments; modelling and simulation of vehicular communications; intra-vehicle and inter-vehicle short-range wireless channel characterization; vehicular communications channel modelling; and wireless communication system optimization. The book concludes with a chapter exploring applications and case studies. Radio Wave Propagation in Vehicular Environments is suitable for master&apos;s students and above in signal processing and mobile communications courses, as well as researchers working in vehicular communications.
MAC for halothane and isoflurane during normothermia and hypothermia in the newborn piglet (1996)

In the newborn piglet, MAC should be determined by hoof clamp, MAC of isoflurane is approximately three times that of halothane, and both are reduced during hypothermia.
D16 Influence of Machining Environment on Permanent Magnet by EDM (2014)

During EDM of the permanent magnet, a second magnet for the external magnetic field was set up, and the internal temperature and surface magnetic flux density on the opposite surface of the permanent magnet during machining were evaluated. It was found that even though the internal temperature of the magnet remained unchanged, the surface magnetic flux density changed when the external magnetic field was varied. In addition, the magnetic field generated by the magnet changed when a plate with high permeability was pressed onto the surface of the permanent magnet.