gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic Predictors of Myocardial Ischemia during Halothane Anesthesia for Coronary-Artery Revascularization (1983)

The authors undertook a prospective study of 30 patients undergoing halothane anesthesia for coronary-artery revascularization to ascertain which clinically monitored hemodynamic variables--or combination of variables--associated with myocardial oxygen supply and demand best predict myocardial ischemia. Simultaneous recordings of electrocardiogram (lead II and V5), systemic, central venous, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary artery occluded pressures were analyzed for correlation with ischemic episodes. Ischemia occurred with significant increases (P less than 0.0001) in heart rate, central venous pressure, and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure and with significant decreases (P less than 0.0001) in systolic and mean arterial blood pressure and in coronary perfusion pressure (mean arterial minus pulmonary artery occluded pressure). There was no correlation between ischemia and either hypertension (systolic blood pressures up to 200 mmHg) or the rate-pressure product. Systemic systolic blood pressure, systemic mean arterial blood pressure, and coronary perfusion pressure as single determinants were the most useful to monitor in avoiding myocardial ischemia. A combination of systemic arterial blood pressure (systolic or mean) and filling pressure (central venous or pulmonary artery occluded) was generally as useful but not more so than the preceding single variables in avoiding ischemia. Rate-pressure product was not of value in this regard. Patients were divided into three groups according to preoperative left ventricular (LV) function to determine whether pulmonary artery occluded pressure (PAOP) was more useful than central venous pressure (CVP) as either a predictor of ischemia or an index of cardiac filling: normal LV function (Group I), moderately abnormal LV function (Group II), and markedly abnormal LV function (Group III). PAOP offered no advantage over CVP for either purpose, except in some Group III patients.
Impact of a 2-Day Critical Care Ultrasound Course during Fellowship Training: A Pilot Study (2015)

Objectives. Despite the increasing utilization of point-of-care critical care ultrasonography (CCUS), standards establishing competency for its use are lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 2-day CCUS course implementation on ultrasound-naïve critical care medicine (CCM) fellows. Methods. Prospective evaluation of the impact of a two-day CCUS course on eight CCM fellows' attitudes, proficiency, and use of CCUS. Ultrasound competency on multiple organ systems was assessed including abdominal, pulmonary, vascular, and cardiac systems. Subjects served as self-controls and were assessed just prior to, within 1 week after, and 3 months after the course. Results. There was a significant improvement in CCM fellows' written test scores, image acquisition ability, and pathologic image interpretation 1 week after the course and it was retained 3 months after the course. Fellows also had self-reported increased confidence and usage of CCUS applications after the course. Conclusions. Implementation of a 2-day critical care ultrasound course covering general CCUS and basic critical care echocardiography using a combination of didactics, live models, and ultrasound simulators is effective in improving critical care fellows' proficiency and confidence with ultrasound use in both the short- and long-term settings.
Alternative Access to Lactosamine-derived Oxazoline via 2-Ulose Oxime as a Key Intermediate (2004)

Lactosamine-derived oxazoline was synthesized via 2-ulose oxime as a key intermediate, in which substituent effects of the acyloxyimino group were investigated.On reduction of the oxime to amino group, p-chlorobenzoyloxime provided a good gluco : manno selectivity of 13 : 1. N-Acetyllactosaminyl chloride derived therefrom was readily converted into the oxazoline by AgOTfpromoted cyclization with an 84% yield.N-Acetyllactosamine-derived oxazoline (LacNAc-oxazoline) has been amply utilized as a proper lactosaminyl donor for chemical assembly of immunologically relevant, lactosamine-containing oligosaccharides. 1 Since LacNAc-oxazoline is considered to be a cyclic equivalent of LacNAc, its donor capacity might be preferable with respect to the stability and facility for preparation, storage, and handling.Moreover, LacNAc-oxazoline can directly regenerate LacNAc itself after glycosylation of an appropriate glycosyl acceptor, without further deprotection process of the amino function followed by Nacetylation, required for such lactosaminyl donors possessing N-Phthalimido-2 and N-Troc-3 groups.Previously, the main approach to LacNAc-oxazoline was based on Lewis acid-promoted oxazoline formation from either per-N,O-acetyllactosamine 4 or its α-chloride analog, 5 both of which were prepared from LacNAc, a commom precursor.However, the present prohibitively high price 6 for LacNAc strongly impedes its use for subsequent operations, and chemical acquisition of N-acetyllactosamine is still cumbersome.Consequently, lactosamine has been synthesized mainly by an azidosugar method, 7 requiring multi-step sequences with careful manipulations.Apparently, a straightforward, practical synthesis of LacNAc-oxazoline has been requested for the chemical assembly of LacNAc-containing oligosaccharides of biological significance.Herein we This paper is dedicted to Dr. Pierre Potier on the occastion of his 70th birthday.
Dietary Fiber: From Early Hunter–Gatherers to the 1990s (2001)

The decline in plant fiber consumption by humans over tens of thousands of years is shown in Figure 1.1.1. According to Kliks, the author of this figure, over the past 20,000 years the human diet has changed from one based on a coarse, plant-based regimen of greens, seeds, stalks, roots, flowers, pollen, and small amounts of animal products to a more limited, often monotypic diet in which the plant foods are primarily a few cereal grains, tubers, and legumes. Even though the study of specimens of coprolite from lower Pleistocene humans has proved difficult, this coprolite has been extremely valuable in the study of human diets of civilization dating back about 10,000 years.These specimens of coprolite showed a high consumption of fibrous plant food. In more recent history, the concept that coarse foods of plant origin help to combat constipationgoes back to Hippocrates in the 4th century
애기장대 ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) 의 엽육원형질체로부터 효율적인 식물체 재분화와 이들의 형태적 특성 (1999)

Protoplasts were isolated from the leaf mesophyll tissue of in vitro 4-weeks-old Arabidopsts thallana and cultured in MS liquid medium supplemented...
Systematic Search for Present and Potential Portals of Entry for Infective Endocarditis (2016)

Our search for the POEs of present IEs was often successful, as was searching for an oral or dental or a gastrointestinal POE of a new IE episode. We advise the systematic performance of stomatologic examinations in patients with IE and performance of colonoscopy in patients ≥50 years of age or at high risk for colorectal cancer.
Defrosting of vertical low temperature open display case, what are the needed improvements ? (2005)

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Interaction of aldehyde developed from amino acids of tannery waste in a lower-chrome tannage: an eco friendly approach (2005)

The leather industry is categorized as a polluting industry because of the large chemical usage and the generation of solid wastes. It is estimated that as much as 62-75% of the skins appears as solid waste. Fleshings generated in the liming process constitute 50-60% of the total solid waste generated in the industry. In the present study we have attempted the conversion of the fleshings into a useful cross-linking agent, we hydrolysed the fleshings with a proteolytic enzyme in laboratory trials and then carried out further breakdown to the amino acid level before preparing the corresponding aldehyde. The cross-linking agent thus obtained was applied to leather and interacted with chrome to produce a lower-chromium tannage. Shrinkage temperature, differential scanning calorimetry, 1 H NMR, FT-IR and colour matching studies were carried out on the leathers which showed that lower amounts of chrome are sufficient to give improved leather characteristics. The results showed a COD reduction of 58% and chrome exhaustion increased from 69 to 95% both in comparison to a conventional chrome tanning process.
Relation between viscosity and flow characteristics in uni-directional CF/PA6 laminates near the melting point (2020)

In this study, the viscosity of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) laminates near their melting point was evaluated to discuss the relationship between the thermal fusion conditions and the flow of the fibers and matrix. The laminates were regarded as a fluid flowing in the direction perpendicular to the fibers. The microscopic flow of the fibers and matrix was observed during a parallel plate compression test conducted near the melting point. On the basis of this observation, the viscosity and flow properties were evaluated by the finite element method (FEM). The results of the parallel plate compression test showed that the test conditions and the decrease in the thickness of the laminates are related to the apparent viscosity of the unidirectional plate. In addition, cracks in the direction of the maximum shear stress were detected via in situ observation near the melting point of the matrix. The occurrence of this phenomenon depended on the apparent viscosity of the unidirectional laminates, and it was found that no cracks occurred when the apparent maximum viscosity of the unidirectional laminates was lower than a threshold.
“If Chemists Don’t Do It, Who Is Going To?” Peer-driven Occupational Change and the Emergence of Green Chemistry (2017)

We investigate the emergence and growth of “green chemistry”—an effort by chemists to encourage other chemists to reduce the health, safety, and environmental impacts of chemical products and processes—to explore how occupational members, absent external triggers for change, influence how their peers do their work. Using extensive interviews, archival data, and observations, we find that advocates simultaneously advanced different frames that specified the utility of making the change: (1) a normalizing frame, positioning green chemistry as consistent with mainstream chemistry innovation; (2) a moralizing frame, positioning it as an ethical imperative; and (3) a pragmatizing frame, positioning it as a tool that could help chemists tackle problems they encountered in their day-to-day work. Each frame resonated differently with chemists in their various occupational roles. Though this pluralistic approach generated broad acceptance of the change effort, it also exposed tensions, which threatened the coherence of the change. Advocates’ diverse responses to these tensions contribute to a persistent state of pluralism and dynamism in the change effort. We uncover a process through which occupational members generate and sustain change, show how occupational heterogeneity can enable and delimit change, and show how well-meaning efforts to “moralize” occupational work can heighten resistance, inhibiting the very changes that enable experts to address urgent societal problems.
Comparison of negative ion electrospray mass spectra measured by seven tandem mass analyzers towards library formation (2007)

A library of negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectra and tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) of sulfonated dyes has been developed for fast identification purposes. The uniform protocol has been elaborated and applied to the measurements of more than 50 anionic dyes. Three collision energies are selected in our protocol which ensures that at least one of them provides a suitable ratio of product ions to the precursor ion. The robustness is investigated with altered values of tuning parameters (e.g. the pressure of the nebulizing gas, the temperature and the flow rate of drying gas, and the mobile phase composition). The results of the inter-laboratory comparison of product ion mass spectra recorded on seven different tandem mass spectrometers (three ion traps, two triple quadrupoles and two hybrid quadrupole time of flight instruments) are presented for four representative anionic dyes--azo dye Acid Red 118, anthraquinone dye Acid Violet 43, triphenylmethane dye Acid Blue 1 and Al(III) metal-complex azo dye. The fragmentation patterns are almost identical for all tandem mass analyzers, only the ratios of product ions differ somewhat which confirms the possibility of spectra transfer among different mass analyzers with the goal of library formation.
Optical technologies for detection and diagnosis of oral neoplasia (2009)

The goal of our research is to develop an approach to early detection and diagnosis of oral neoplasia using opticalbased technologies such as fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging, high-resolution microendoscopy and molecularly-targeted optical contrast agents. Although patients with early disease have better chances for cure and functional outcome, most patients present with advanced tumours when treatment is less successful and often causes severe deficits in speech, swallowing, facial appearance and quality of life. To improve outcomes we must improve detection and diagnosis of early neoplastic changes. Changes in tissue architecture, morphology, and molecular composition that occur during carcinogenesis also produce changes in the optical properties of tissue. These changes can be detected non-invasively, in vivo, and in near real-time using optical spectroscopy and imaging. Our research group has developed multi-spectral imaging devices for wide field visualization of early changes in oral mucosa. We are investigating whether these devices can improve the clinician's ability 1) to improve visualization of early neoplastic changes in oral mucosa that can be difficult to see using normal white light examination in community settings, 2) to choose optimal sites within lesions to perform biopsies, and 3) to visualize the peripheral margins of disease. We have also shown that using computer algorithms and disease probability maps, optical imaging and spectroscopy can provide objective discrimination between normal and abnormal oral mucosa with good sensitivity and specificity – similar to that of oral cancer specialists. We are now developing simplified optical devices to use in screening and diagnosis in community settings.
Effect of triclosan or a phenolic farm disinfectant on the selection of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica (2004)

These data renew fears that the use of biocides may lead to an increased selective pressure towards antibiotic resistance.
The effects of muscle contraction and insulin on glucose-transporter translocation in rat skeletal muscle (1994)

The effect of electrically induced muscle contraction, insulin (10 m-units/ml) and electrically-induced muscle contraction in the presence of insulin on insulin-regulatable glucose-transporter (GLUT-4) protein distribution was studied in female Sprague-Dawley rats during hindlimb perfusion. Plasma-membrane cytochalasin B binding increased approximately 2-fold, whereas GLUT-4 protein concentration increased approximately 1.5-fold above control with contractions, insulin, or insulin + contraction. Microsomal-membrane cytochalasin B binding and GLUT-4 protein concentration decreased by approx. 30% with insulin or insulin + contraction, but did not significantly decrease with contraction alone. The rate of muscle glucose uptake was assessed by determining the rate of 2-deoxy[3H]glucose accumulation in the soleus, plantaris, and red and white portions of the gastrocnemius. Both contraction and insulin increased glucose uptake significantly and to the same degree in the muscles examined. Insulin + contraction increased glucose uptake above that of insulin or contraction alone, but this effect was only statistically significant in the soleus, plantaris and white gastrocnemius. The combined effects of insulin + contraction of glucose uptake were not fully additive in any of the muscles investigated. These results suggest that (1) insulin and muscle contraction are mobilizing two separate pools of GLUT-4 protein, and (2) the increase in skeletal-muscle glucose uptake due to insulin + contraction is not due to an increase in plasma-membrane GLUT-4 protein concentration above that observed for insulin or contraction alone.
A genetic approach for scheduling non-preemptive tasks with precedence and deadline constraints (2002)

A real-time application is specified as a set of nonpreemptive tasks with precedence and deadline constraints. An offline algorithm for multiprocessor scheduling of nonpreemptive tasks with precedence and deadline constraints is proposed. Since this problem is known to be NP-hard, it has been traditionally solved by using list-based scheduling heuristics such as the minimum-laxity-first algorithm. In contrast, the authors propose a genetic algorithm based approach for solving this problem. Unlike the traditional scheduling algorithms, which do not perform well when there is considerable communication between the tasks, the proposed approach performs better as the communication requirements become more stringent. Results of an experimental evaluation comparing the proposed approach with the minimum-laxity-first heuristic are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reactive Synthesis from Extended Bounded Response LTL Specifications (2020)

Reactive synthesis is a key technique for the design of correct-by-construction systems and has been thoroughly investigated in the last decades. It consists in the synthesis of a controller that reacts to environment's inputs satisfying a given temporal logic specification. Common approaches are based on the explicit construction of automata and on their determinization, which limit their scalability. In this paper, we introduce a new fragment of Linear Temporal Logic, called Extended Bounded Response LTL (\LTLEBR), that allows one to combine bounded and universal unbounded temporal operators (thus covering a large set of practical cases), and we show that reactive synthesis from \LTLEBR specifications can be reduced to solving a safety game over a deterministic symbolic automaton built directly from the specification. We prove the correctness of the proposed approach and we successfully evaluate it on various benchmarks.
Quantum Capacitance in Topological Insulators (2012)

Topological insulators show unique properties resulting from massless, Dirac-like surface states that are protected by time-reversal symmetry. Theory predicts that the surface states exhibit a quantum spin Hall effect with counter-propagating electrons carrying opposite spins in the absence of an external magnetic field. However, to date, the revelation of these states through conventional transport measurements remains a significant challenge owing to the predominance of bulk carriers. Here, we report on an experimental observation of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in quantum capacitance measurements, which originate from topological helical states. Unlike the traditional transport approach, the quantum capacitance measurements are remarkably alleviated from bulk interference at high excitation frequencies, thus enabling a distinction between the surface and bulk. We also demonstrate easy access to the surface states at relatively high temperatures up to 60 K. Our approach may eventually facilitate an exciting exploration of exotic topological properties at room temperature.
Characteristics of Breaking Wave Forces on Piles over a Permeable Seabed (2021)

Most offshore wind turbines are installed in shallow water and exposed to breaking waves. Previous numerical studies focusing on breaking wave forces generally ignored the seabed permeability. In this paper, a numerical model based on Volume-Averaged Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations (VARANS) is employed to reveal the process of a solitary wave interacting with a rigid pile over a permeable slope. Through applying the Forchheimer saturated drag equation, effects of seabed permeability on fluid motions are simulated. The reliability of the present model is verified by comparisons between experimentally obtained data and the numerical results. Further, 190 cases are simulated and the effects of different parameters on breaking wave forces on the pile are studied systematically. Results indicate that over a permeable seabed, the maximum breaking wave forces can occur not only when waves break just before the pile, but also when a “secondary wave wall” slams against the pile, after wave breaking. With the initial wave height increasing, breaking wave forces will increase, but the growth can decrease as the slope angle and permeability increase. For inclined piles around the wave breaking point, the maximum breaking wave force usually occurs with an inclination angle of α = −22.5° or 0°.
Kraft lignin reaction with paraformaldehyde (2019)

Abstract Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer and will be an important source for carbon-containing compounds in the future. Based on their similar phenolic structures, lignin has great potential to become a valuable substitute for phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resin adhesives. To meet this aim, the sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-catalyzed reaction of kraft lignin with formaldehyde was studied by using paraformaldehyde (PFA) as a formaldehyde source. The advantage of using PFA, the solid polymer of formaldehyde, is the simple composition of the depolymerized solution. According to the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the lignin reaction was found to require a high NaOH concentration in order for the reaction with PFA to proceed at reasonably low temperatures compared to the curing temperature of phenol-formaldehyde resins (approximately 150°C). On the other hand, high alkalinity conditions are known to favor the disproportionation of formaldehyde to formic acid and methanol. Due to the moderate reactivity of lignin, the Cannizzaro reaction can compete with the methylolation reaction of lignin. Based on the results of 13 C, 31 P and 1 H- 13 C heteronuclear single quantum correlation nuclear magnetic resonance (HSQC NMR), methylolation was found to be the main reaction occurring in the lignin-formaldehyde reaction.
Inheritance of Resistance to the Moroccan Watermelon Mosaic Virus in the Cucumber Line TMG-1 and its Relationship to Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance (1996)

Potyviruses cause severe loss in cucurbit crops. Inbred lines derived from the Chinese cucumber cultivar, Taichung Mau Gua (TMG), have been identified to be resistant to several potyviruses including zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), zucchini yellow fleck virus, watermelon mosaic virus, and the watermelon strain of papaya ringspot virus. Recently, an additional virus that infects cucurbits, the Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV), has been identified to be a distinct member of the potyvirus group. In this study, we sought to determine if TMG-1 is resistant to MWMV and, if so, examine whether a relationship exists between resistance to MWMV and resistance to ZYMV. Progeny analyses show that TMG-1 is resistant to MWMV and, like resistance to ZYMV, MWMV resistance is conferred by a single recessive gene. Sequential inoculation of progeny possessing resistance to ZYMV followed by MWMV (or MWMV followed by ZYMV) suggests that both resistances are conferred by the same gene, or two tightly linked genes. Additionally, all F 3 families derived from F 2 individuals selected for resistance to ZYMV, were resistant to MWMV. A second source of resistance to ZYMV, allelic to the TMG-1 source, has been incorporated into the Dutch hybrid Dina. Progeny analyses show Dina to posses a single recessive gene for MWMV resistance. As with TMG-1, no segregation of resistances was observed when ZYMV resistant progeny were inoculated with MWMV (or MWMV followed by ZYMV). Collectively, these results suggest that a single gene, or two tightly linked genes, control resistance to the potyviruses ZYMV and MWMV.