gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Platform Security through Intrusion Detection Using Naive Bayesian Network for Anomaly Detection (2002)

Recently Active Networks were proposed as the approach that will enable quick introduction of new services in the current telecommunication infrastructure. This approach allows third party executable codes (proxylet) to be deployed into the network, which creates a big security risk. In this paper we present the application of Bayesian technology in the development of an anomaly detection system for proxylets. This system will be incorporated into our Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that will provide runtime security to ensure active platform integrity is maintained while running third party executable codes.
Dynamic Spectrum Management in DSL With Asynchronous Crosstalk (2012)

In this paper we focus on discrete multitone (DMT) dynamic spectrum management (DSM) in digital subscriber lines (DSL) networks with asynchronous crosstalk. DSM aims to optimally allocate per-user transmit spectra so that the effect of multi-user crosstalk is minimized and the capabilities of the network maximized. Most DSM solutions so far address an idealized situation, one in which all users DMT blocks in the network are perfectly synchronized and crosstalk is dealt with on a per-tone basis. We focus on the case in which the DMT blocks of the various users are offset amongst each other, which leads to inter-carrier interference (ICI). ICI significantly impacts the performance of the system and complicates the DSM optimization problem considerably, as the per-tone decoupling used for the synchronous case is no longer directly applicable. Our contribution is twofold: First, we derive a new and accurate model for the effect of the ICI; Second, we provide a novel DMT DSM algorithm that outperforms the existing state-of-the-art.
Combination Strategy Targeting VEGF and HGF/c-met in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Models (2014)

Alternative pathways to the VEGF, such as hepatocyte growth factor or HGF/c-met, are emerging as key players in tumor angiogenesis and resistance to anti-VEGF therapies. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a combination strategy targeting the VEGF and c-met pathways in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) models. Male SCID mice (8/group) were implanted with 786-O tumor pieces and treated with either a selective VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, axitinib (36 mg/kg, 2×/day); a c-met inhibitor, crizotinib (25 mg/kg, 1×/day); or combination. We further tested this drug combination in a human ccRCC patient-derived xenograft, RP-R-01, in both VEGF-targeted therapy-sensitive and -resistant models. To evaluate the resistant phenotype, we established an RP-R-01 sunitinib-resistant model by continuous sunitinib treatment (60 mg/kg, 1×/day) of RP-R-01-bearing mice. Treatment with single-agent crizotinib reduced tumor vascularization but failed to inhibit tumor growth in either model, despite also a significant increase of c-met expression and phosphorylation in the sunitinib-resistant tumors. In contrast, axitinib treatment was effective in inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth in both models, with its antitumor effect significantly increased by the combined treatment with crizotinib, independently from c-met expression. Combination treatment also induced prolonged survival and significant tumor growth inhibition in the 786-O human RCC model. Overall, our results support the rationale for the clinical testing of combined VEGF and HGF/c-met pathway blockade in the treatment of ccRCC, both in first- and second-line setting.
RNAi suppression of lignin biosynthesis in sugarcane reduces recalcitrance for biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass (2012)

Sugarcane is a prime bioethanol feedstock. Currently, sugarcane ethanol is produced through fermentation of the sucrose, which can easily be extracted from stem internodes. Processes for production of biofuels from the abundant lignocellulosic sugarcane residues will boost the ethanol output from sugarcane per land area. However, unlocking the vast amount of chemical energy stored in plant cell walls remains expensive primarily because of the intrinsic recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass. We report here the successful reduction in lignification in sugarcane by RNA interference, despite the complex and highly polyploid genome of this interspecific hybrid. Down-regulation of the sugarcane caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene by 67% to 97% reduced the lignin content by 3.9% to 13.7%, respectively. The syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in the lignin was reduced from 1.47 in the wild type to values ranging between 1.27 and 0.79. The yields of directly fermentable glucose from lignocellulosic biomass increased up to 29% without pretreatment. After dilute acid pretreatment, the fermentable glucose yield increased up to 34%. These observations demonstrate that a moderate reduction in lignin (3.9% to 8.4%) can reduce the recalcitrance of sugarcane biomass without compromising plant performance under controlled environmental conditions.
The Growth of Crystallinity in Undoped SiO:H Films at Low RF-Power Density and Substrate Temperature (2001)

Microcrystalline SiO:H films have been prepared by the usual RF plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method (13.56 MHz) at low rf-power density and substrate temperature which are essential for the fabrication of a-Si solar cell. The transition from amorphous to microcrystalline structure of SiO:H film has been shown to depend sensitively on hydrogen dilution and rf-power density. In the amorphous state, concentration of CO 2 in the source gas mixture plays crucial role in determining optical gap whereas hydrogen dilution and rf-power density play important role in determining the characteristics of the microcrystalline SiO:H films.
Arsenic-Rich Acid Mine Water with Extreme Arsenic Concentration: Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Microbiology, and Environmental Implications (2014)

Extremely arsenic-rich acid mine waters have developed by weathering of native arsenic in a sulfide-poor environment on the 10th level of the Svornost mine in Jáchymov (Czech Republic). Arsenic rapidly oxidizes to arsenolite (As2O3), and there are droplets of liquid on the arsenolite crust with high As concentration (80,000-130,000 mg·L(-1)), pH close to 0, and density of 1.65 g·cm(-1). According to the X-ray absorption spectroscopy on the frozen droplets, most of the arsenic is As(III) and iron is fully oxidized to Fe(III). The EXAFS spectra on the As K edge can be interpreted in terms of arsenic polymerization in the aqueous solution. The secondary mineral that precipitates in the droplets is kaatialaite [Fe(3+)(H2AsO4)3·5H2O]. Other unusual minerals associated with the arsenic lens are běhounekite [U(4+)(SO4)2·4H2O], štěpite [U(4+)(AsO3OH)2·4H2O], vysokýite [U(4+)[AsO2(OH)2]4·4H2O], and an unnamed phase (H3O)(+)2(UO2)2(AsO4)2·nH2O. The extremely low cell densities and low microbial biomass have led to insufficient amounts of DNA for downstream polymerase chain reaction amplification and clone library construction. We were able to isolate microorganisms on oligotrophic media with pH ∼ 1.5 supplemented with up to 30 mM As(III). These microorganisms were adapted to highly oligotrophic conditions which disabled long-term culturing under laboratory conditions. The extreme conditions make this environment unfavorable for intensive microbial colonization, but our first results show that certain microorganisms can adapt even to these harsh conditions.
Trustworthiness Estimation of Entities within Collective Perception (2019)

The idea behind collective perception is to improve vehicles' awareness about their surroundings. Every vehicle shares information describing its perceived environment by means of V2X communication. Similar to other information shared using V2X communication, collective perception information is potentially safety relevant, which means there is a need to assess the reliability and quality of received information before further processing. Transmitted information may have been forged by attackers or contain inconsistencies e.g. caused by malfunctions. This paper introduces a novel approach for estimating a belief that a pair of entities, e.g. two remote vehicles or the host vehicle and a remote vehicle, within a Vehicular ad hoc Network (VANET) are both trustworthy. The method updates the belief based on the consistency of the data that both entities provide. The evaluation shows that the proposed method is able to identify forged information.
Equivalent lightness of colored objects of equal munsell chroma and of equal munsell value at various illuminances (1991)

Abstract Equivalent lightness was determined for 26 colored surfaces by heterochromatic brightness matching with a grey scale. The illuminance for observation was varied from 0.01 to 1000 lx to cover scotopic, mesopic, and photopic vision, and the equivalent lightness‐versus‐log illuminance curve was obtained for every stimulus. The shape of the curves did not change if the surfaces had the same Munsell hue and chroma. It differed significantly if they had different hues or different chroma. The curves were interpreted in terms of achromatic lightness and chromatic lightness, which are both subject to change with illuminance level. The achromatic lightness was assumed to follow the Purkinje shift and the chromatic lightness monotonically increased with illuminance. The chromatic lightness was larger for larger Munsell chroma within a single hue.
Noise Analysis of Soft Errors in Combinational Digital Circuits Via Walsh Transforms (1981)

The noise produced at the output of combinational logic circuits by individual gate failures is analyzed through the use of Walsh functions. Soft errors are modeled by allowing the output of each gate in a particular realization to fail temporarily, possibly introducing an error in the single binary output. The input variables also are allowed to be stochastically driven. The output probability of error contains the Walsh transform of an extended logic function and the Walsh characteristic functions of the input variables as well as the individual gate failure variables. These results are specialized to the case where the inputs are statistically independent of the soft errors. A discussion of the transform of the extended logic function is included.
Recombinant human cytochrome P450 monooxygenases for drug metabolite synthesis (2010)

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are important enzymes in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Therefore, several approaches to clone and overexpress the human isoforms have been made. In addition to microsomes or S9 preparations, these recombinant human isoforms have found diverse application in drug development. We discuss and give examples of the use of bacterial whole cell systems with rec. human CYPs for the preparative scale synthesis of drug metabolites.
A stereoselective synthesis of 6,6,6-trifluoro-l-daunosamine and 6,6,6-trifluoro-l-acosamine (2006)

A short synthesis of 6,6,6-trifluoro-L-acosamine 15 and 6,6,6-trifluoro-L-daunosamine 19 has been accomplished. The pyranose ring system of these carbohydrate analogues was formed by a hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of vinylogous imide 11 and ethyl vinyl ether which gave adduct 12a in 40% yield. Hydroboration gave 13 and subsequent hydrogenolytic removal of the (R)-2-phenylethyl chiral auxiliary gave ethyl 6,6,6-trifluoro-L-acosaminide 14. Acid hydrolysis furnished target 15. Glycoside 13 was N-trifluoroacetylated to give 16, the structure was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The C-4 stereochemistry of 16 was inverted by Swern oxidation of the 4-OH group, and subsequent borohydride reduction to give 17. Hydrogenolytic removal of the auxiliary gave ethyl-6,6,6-trifluoro-L-daunosaminide 18. Acid hydrolysis provided 19.
Inorganic phosphors as new luminescent labels for immunocytochemistry and time‐resolved microscopy (1990)

A new strongly luminescent marker consisting of inorganic crystals is described for time-resolved microscopy. These crystals, known as phosphors, show delayed luminescence, unlike prompt fluorescent labels such as FITC, TRITC and phycobiliproteins, and are therefore potentially suitable for time-resolved microscopy. The luminescence of these phosphors is strong and non-fading in comparison to FITC/TRITC, and not significantly influenced by pH or temperature. The phosphor yttriumoxisulfide activated with europium emits maximally at 620 nm with a typical half life-time of approximately 700 musec, upon excitation with near ultraviolet light (360 nm). Phosphors for immunocytochemical staining were made by ball milling and were stabilized in suspension with polycarboxylic acids. Proteins such as avidin, protein A or immunoglobulins were allowed to adsorb to the surface of the phosphors. The immunocytochemical properties of the conjugates were evaluated in a model system of latex beads with defined surface antigens and in a cellular system containing fixed human lymphocytes or erythrocytes. Specific cytochemical staining was observed in suspension as well as on glass slides. A specially constructed time-resolved microscope was used to suppress the fast decaying fluorescence, thereby permitting visualization of the specific, slowly decaying luminescence of the phosphor label without the necessity of integration. Finally, the use of multiple phosphors with different kinetic and spectral characteristics for multiparameter studies is indicated.
Model-Mediated Teleoperation With Predictive Models and Relative Tracking (2013)

This paper presents a model-mediated approach for teleoperation with haptic feedback in the presence of time delays on the order of seconds. The target application for the control scheme is teleoperation of robotic manipulators for space systems in geosynchronous orbit. Previous work in model-mediated teleoperation allowed operators to interact with a virtual model of the remote robot and environment, where the remote robot follows the operator’s commands after a delay and the virtual model is updated when the remote data is available. Our approach adds predictive models, mediated command execution, and a dynamic slave model. A single-degree-of-freedom experiment using a simulated robot and environment demonstrate improvements in the control of remote robot position and environment contact forces, in comparison to previous approaches.
Vector quantization based on visual masking functions for the DPCM and HDPCM coding of coloured pictures (1989)

In DPCM (differential pulse code modulation) or HDPCM (hybrid DPCM) of coloured pictures consisting of three components, every component can be coded with three separate coders, each containing a scalar quantizer. However, more compression can be obtained with one vector quantizer instead of three scalar quantizers. In the article, the attention is focused on the placement of the output vectors in the two-dimensional prediction error plane using visual masking functions. >
Quasicrystals (1991)

Progress and current issues in quasicrystals, D.P. DiVincenzo and P.J. Steinhardt order and disorder in icosahedral alloys, P.A. Bancel neutron scattering approaches to quasicrystals, Ch. Janot and M. de Boissieu high-resolution electron microscopy of quasicrystals, K. Hiraga scanning tunnelling microscopy studies of quasicrystals, R.S. Becker and A.R. Kortan (quasi) crystallography is better in Fourier space, N.D. Mermin matching rules for quasicrystalline tilings, K. Ingersent growth rules for quasicrystals, J.E.S. Socolar continuous atomic surfaces, L.S. Levitov chiral smectics as quasicrystals, T.C. Lubensky et al experimental studies of electronic transport in quasicrystals, K. Kimura and S. Takeuchi electronic structure and transport of quasicrystals, T. Fujiwara and H. Tsunetsugu electronic-structure and total-energy calculation for quasicrystals and related crystals, A.E. Carlsson and R. Phillips faceting and surface roughening in quasicrystals, T-L. Ho random tiling models, C.L. Henley.
Zinc and Zinc Transporters in Macrophages and Their Roles in Efferocytosis in COPD (2014)

Our previous studies have shown that nutritional zinc restriction exacerbates airway inflammation accompanied by an increase in caspase-3 activation and an accumulation of apoptotic epithelial cells in the bronchioles of the mice. Normally, apoptotic cells are rapidly cleared by macrophage efferocytosis, limiting any secondary necrosis and inflammation. We therefore hypothesized that zinc deficiency is not only pro-apoptotic but also impairs macrophage efferocytosis. Impaired efferocytic clearance of apoptotic epithelial cells by alveolar macrophages occurs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cigarette-smoking and other lung inflammatory diseases. We now show that zinc is a factor in impaired macrophage efferocytosis in COPD. Concentrations of zinc were significantly reduced in the supernatant of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with COPD who were current smokers, compared to healthy controls, smokers or COPD patients not actively smoking. Lavage zinc was positively correlated with AM efferocytosis and there was decreased efferocytosis in macrophages depleted of Zn in vitro by treatment with the membrane-permeable zinc chelator TPEN. Organ and cell Zn homeostasis are mediated by two families of membrane ZIP and ZnT proteins. Macrophages of mice null for ZIP1 had significantly lower intracellular zinc and efferocytosis capability, suggesting ZIP1 may play an important role. We investigated further using the human THP-1 derived macrophage cell line, with and without zinc chelation by TPEN to mimic zinc deficiency. There was no change in ZIP1 mRNA levels by TPEN but a significant 3-fold increase in expression of another influx transporter ZIP2, consistent with a role for ZIP2 in maintaining macrophage Zn levels. Both ZIP1 and ZIP2 proteins were localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm in normal human lung alveolar macrophages. We propose that zinc homeostasis in macrophages involves the coordinated action of ZIP1 and ZIP2 transporters responding differently to zinc deficiency signals and that these play important roles in macrophage efferocytosis.
CRYOTE (Cryogenic Orbital Testbed) Concept (2009)

Demonstrating cryo-fluid management (CFM) technologies in space is critical for advances in long duration space missions. Current space-based cryogenic propulsion is viable for hours, not the weeks to years needed by space exploration and space science. CRYogenic Orbital TEstbed (CRYOTE) provides an affordable low-risk environment to demonstrate a broad array of critical CFM technologies that cannot be tested in Earth's gravity. These technologies include system chilldown, transfer, handling, health management, mixing, pressure control, active cooling, and long-term storage. United Launch Alliance is partnering with Innovative Engineering Solutions, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and others to develop CRYOTE to fly as an auxiliary payload between the primary payload and the Centaur upper stage on an Atlas V rocket. Because satellites are expensive, the space industry is largely risk averse to incorporating unproven systems or conducting experiments using flight hardware that is supporting a primary mission. To minimize launch risk, the CRYOTE system will only activate after the primary payload is separated from the rocket. Flying the testbed as an auxiliary payload utilizes Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle performance excess to cost-effectively demonstrate enhanced CFM.
A Comparison of Hardware Resources Required by Real-Time Stereo Dense Algorithms (2006)

Many algorithms for computing correlation based stereo correspondence have been proposed. Some of them can be implemented on specialized architectures, in order to obtain results in real time. In this communication, we propose an experimental comparison of the amount of hardware resources required for implementing these algorithms. An efficient architecture is presented, the STREAM, (acronym for systeme temps-reel d'extraction et d'analyse du mouvement, i.e. real-time motion extraction and analysis system) which is a processor dedicated to image sequence analysis
Effects of Glycerin Antifreeze on CPVC (2013)

There are multiple applications where chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) may come in contact with glycerin. One common application is in fire suppression systems that could be subjected to subfreezing temperatures. Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) is increasingly being used for these systems in place of metal because of its many advantages, including the ease of installation, weight reduction, cost benefits and chemical resistance. When CPVC piping is used in an area that has the potential to freeze, an antifreeze solution must be used in the fire suppression systems to suppress the freezing temperature of the water and reduce possibility of failure of the piping system. Glycerin is a commonly used antifreeze for this application. The following article discusses the effects of using glycerin with CPVC piping and presents a case study of the use of bio-derived glycerin as an antifreeze agent. In general, it was found that glycerin from the bio-diesel industry had adverse effects on the CPVC.
Perspectives on Challenges and Opportunities for Architecture and Planning Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic (2023)

The coronavirus pandemic caught the whole world unaware and has negatively impacted all segments of several countries’ economies. Consequently, the construction industry is not excluded from this significant impact that has affected all industry stakeholders, including architects. The architecture industry, which relies primarily on networking, interaction, coordination, and site visits, has been hit hard, as have other professions and businesses. The pandemic has also served as a wake-up call for architects as it has brought to the surface longstanding problems and highlighted areas in urgent need of reform and improvement. It is evident in history that crises and environmental perturbations resulted in many innovations and changes. This chapter presents the changes from this global emergency, changing lifestyles, and needs affecting architectural production. The underlying causes and potential longterm implications exemplified by outbreaks of COVID-19 in the context of evolving architectural design and planning patterns are presented. Drawing on architectural philosophy, it analyses built environment factors that impact virus spread beyond building design. It aims to provide insights for creating a healthy built environment looking to the future with the potential of more frequent pandemics.
Achieving consistency of replicated copies with the relay race method (2002)

Relay race is a method for maintaining the consistency of replicated copes. A relay is a stream of bitransactions (binary transactions) propagating updates like a wave. Each bitransaction is atomic while the global process is asynchronous in the sense that a bitransaction starts as soon as the previous one commits. The goal is to extend relay race for supporting temporal consistency constraints. Temporal consistency is treated through a couple of consistency rules; one simply checks the consistency of a copy and does not depend on any consistency predicate; the other one implements the protocol for restoring the consistency of a copy whenever the associated consistency predicate becomes true.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Detection of Bifidobacteria by Using Propionic Acid as a Selective Agent (1991)

This study introduces the use of the filtration membrane technique and the enrichment method to detect and enumerate bifidobacteria from various animal species.