gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Materials by Selective Extraction (2014)

CONSPECTUS: Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted much attention in the past decade. They offer high specific surface area, as well as electronic structure and properties that differ from their bulk counterparts due to the low dimensionality. Graphene is the best known and the most studied 2D material, but metal oxides and hydroxides (including clays), dichalcogenides, boron nitride (BN), and other materials that are one or several atoms thick are receiving increasing attention. They may deliver a combination of properties that cannot be provided by other materials. The most common synthesis approach in general is by reacting different elements or compounds to form a new compound. However, this approach does not necessarily work well for low-dimensional structures, since it favors formation of energetically preferred 3D (bulk) solids. Many 2D materials are produced by exfoliation of van der Waals solids, such as graphite or MoS2, breaking large particles into 2D layers. However, these approaches are not universal; for example, 2D transition metal carbides cannot be produced by any of them. An alternative but less studied way of material synthesis is the selective extraction process, which is based on the difference in reactivity and stability between the different components (elements or structural units) of the original material. It can be achieved using thermal, chemical, or electrochemical processes. Many 2D materials have been synthesized using selective extraction, such as graphene from SiC, transition metal oxides (TMO) from layered 3D salts, and transition metal carbides or carbonitrides (MXenes) from MAX phases. Selective extraction synthesis is critically important when the bonds between the building blocks of the material are too strong (e.g., in carbides) to be broken mechanically in order to form nanostructures. Unlike extractive metallurgy, where the extracted metal is the goal of the process, selective extraction of one or more elements from the precursor materials releases 2D structures. In this Account, in addition to graphene and TMO, we focused on MXenes as an example for the use of selective extraction synthesis to produce novel 2D materials. About 10 new carbides and carbonitrides of transition metals have been produced by this method in the past 3 years. They offer an unusual combination of metallic conductivity and hydrophilicity and show very attractive electrochemical properties. We hope that this Account will encourage researchers to extend the use of selective extraction to other layered material systems that in turn will result in expanding the world of nanomaterials in general and 2D materials in particular, generating new materials that cannot be produced by other means.
Electrolyte Effects on Spinel Dissolution and Cathodic Capacity Losses in 4 V Li / Li x Mn2 O 4 Rechargeable Cells (1997)

Spinel dissolution and cathodic capacity losses in 4 V Li/LiMn204 secondary cells were examined in various electrolyte&#13;\nsolutions comprising different solvents and Li salts. It was found that spinel dissolution is induced by acids that&#13;\nare generated as a result of electrochemical oxidation of solvent molecules on composite cathodes. Among various organic&#13;\nsolvents, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dimethoxyethane were readily oxidized to produce acids whereas carbonates&#13;\n(ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethylcarbonate) were relatively inert. Consequently, when a spinelloaded&#13;\ncomposite cathode was charge/discharge cycled in the potential range of 3.6 to 4.3 V (vs. Li/Li), both the acid&#13;\nconcentration and the extent of spinel dissolution was much higher in the ether-containing electrolytes as compared to&#13;\nthe carbonates. The results, obtained from the chemical analysis on acid-attacked spinel powders and from the open-circuit&#13;\npotential measurement of composite cathodes, indicated that Li and Mn ion extraction is dominant in the earlier&#13;\nstage of acid attack. As the spinel dissolution further continues, however, oxygen losses from the lattice become more&#13;\nimportant. The combined feature of solvent oxidation and spinel dissolution was also affected by the nature of lithium&#13;\nsalts added. Generally, the solvent-derived acid generation was not significant in those electrolytes containing fluorinated&#13;\nsalts (LiPF5, LiBF4, and LiA5F6), yet the spinel dissolution in these electrolytes was still appreciable because acids were&#13;\ngenerated via another pathway; a reaction between the F-containing anions and impurity water.
Étude de la stabilité des collecteurs enterrés en maçonnerie (2006)

On examine, par des calculs simples, la stabilité d’un anneau en maçonnerie (collecteur circulaire) soumis à un champ de contraintes géostatique, sans prendre en compte l’interaction sol-structure, et on met ainsi en évidence un domaine de stabilité limité par deux valeurs du coefficient de pression horizontale des terres. L’étude est poursuivie avec la méthode des éléments finis (progiciel CESAR-LCPC), qui permet de prendre en compte l’interaction sol-structure. On met alors en évidence un nouveau domaine de comportement, appelé post-limite, situé à l’extérieur du domaine naturel de stabilité (appelé sub-limite), qui se caractérise par une forte plastification de l’anneau qui tend à se comporter comme un ensemble de 4 voussoirs articulés en forte interaction avec le sol encaissant. L’étude est reprise pour un collecteur en forme d’ovoïde, et on met aussi en évidence les mêmes domaines de comportement, mais avec des bornes différentes. On conclut que la stabilité d’un collecteur en maçonnerie (circulaire ou non circulaire) est directement liée à la raideur du sol encaissant et qu’il n’y a généralement pas d’équilibre possible sans prise en compte de l’interaction sol structure.
Impact of Short-Stay Urethroplasty on Health-Related Quality of Life and Patient’s Perception of Timing of Discharge (2015)

Objective. To evaluate health-related quality of life in patients after a short-stay or outpatient urethroplasty. Methods. Over a 2-year period a validated health-related quality-of-life questionnaire, EuroQol (EQ-5D), was administered to all patients after urethroplasty. Postoperatively patients were offered to be sent home immediately or to stay overnight. Within 24 hours after discharge they were assessed for mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain or discomfort, and anxiety and depression. An additional question assessing timing of discharge was added to the survey. Clinical and operative characteristics were examined. Results. Forty-eight patients after anterior urethroplasty completed the survey. Mean age and mean stricture length were 51.6 years (21-78) and 60 mm (5-200 mm), respectively. Most etiologies were idiopathic (50% n = 24), trauma (19%, n = 9), and iatrogenic (19%, n = 9). Forty-one patients (85%) stayed overnight, while 7 patients (15%) chose to be discharged the same day. Overall, ninety-six percent were discharged within 23 hours of surgery. In the short-stay and the outpatient cohorts, 90% and 86%, respectively, felt they were discharged on time. No patient reported a severe problem with postoperative pain or mobility. Conclusions. The majority of patients discharged soon after their procedure felt that discharge timing was appropriate and their health-related quality of life was only minimally affected.
Towards patient-specific cardiovascular modeling system using the immersed boundary technique (2011)

The results show that by using a simple reservoir pressure boundary condition (RPBC), we are able to capture some essential variations found in the clinical data. Our approach establishes a first-step framework of a practical patient-specific CMS, which comprises a 3-D CFD model (without involving actual hemodynamic data yet) to simulate the heart and the 4-D PC-MRI system. At this stage, the 4-D PC-MRI system is used for verification purpose rather than input. This brings us closer to our goal of developing a practical patient-specific CMS, which will be pursued next. We anticipate that in the future, this hybrid system can potentially identify possible disease conditions in LV through comprehensive analysis and facilitates physicians in early diagnosis of probable cardiac problems.
Qu’est-ce qu’une université ? (2012)

Qu'est-ce qu'une universit ?Mesdames, Messieurs, L'enseignement suprieur en Belgique francophone vit une priode incertaine.Il est en attente d'une dcantation aprs que beaucoup d'ides aient t agites.Si j'en juge par les discours tenus ces derniers jours par mes collgues des deux autres universits compltes, le temps est une certaine musculation.Rassurez-vous, je ne jetterai pas mon pav dans une mare dj fort secoue.Juste un petit propos iconoclaste, pour faire bonne figure.
Structural investigations of epitaxial InN by x-ray photoelectron diffraction and x-ray diffraction (2007)

The authors investigated a 1μm thick molecular beam epitaxy–grown InN film by means of full hemispherical x-ray photoelectron diffraction and high resolution x-ray diffraction. While x-ray diffraction reveals that this nominally hexagonal InN layer contains roughly 1% of cubic phase InN, a comparison between measured and simulated x-ray photoelectron diffraction data allowed them to directly determine the polarity of the crystal. Furthermore, the data indicate that the InN surface consists of a mosaic of domains oriented at an azimuth of 180° to each other, where the azimuth corresponds to the rotation angle around the [0001] axis.
The Small Molecule ACM-001 Improves Cardiac Function in a Rat Model of Severe Cancer Cachexia (2023)

This study shows that 3 mg/kg/day ACM-001 restores the anabolic/catabolic balance in cardiac muscle leading to improved function. Moreover, not all beta-blockers have similar effects.
Mood variability and cigarette smoking escalation among adolescents. (2008)

The current study examined how affect dysregulation, as indexed via within-person negative mood variability, related to longitudinal patterns of smoking among adolescents. Students in the 8th and 10th grades (N = 517, 56% girls) provided data on cigarette use at baseline, 6-, and 12-month waves and provided ecological momentary assessments of negative moods via palmtop computers for 1 week at each wave. Mood variability was examined via the intraindividual standard deviations of negative mood reports at each wave. As predicted, high levels of negative mood variability at baseline significantly differentiated participants who escalated in their smoking behavior over time from participants who never progressed beyond low levels of experimentation during the course of the study. Mixed-effects regression models revealed that participants who escalated in their smoking experienced a reduction in mood variability as smoking increased, whereas participants with consistently high or low levels of cigarette use had more stable mood variability levels. Results suggest that high negative mood variability is a risk factor for future smoking escalation and that mood-stabilizing effects may reinforce and maintain daily cigarette use among youths.
Toward Millimeter-Wave Joint Radar Communications: A Signal Processing Perspective (2019)

Synergistic design of communications and radar systems with common spectral and hardware resources is heralding a new era of efficiently utilizing a limited radio-frequency (RF) spectrum. Such a joint radar communications (JRC) model has advantages of low cost, compact size, less power consumption, spectrum sharing, improved performance, and safety due to enhanced information sharing. Today, millimeter-wave (mmwave) communications have emerged as the preferred technology for short distance wireless links because they provide transmission bandwidth that is several gigahertz wide. This band is also promising for short-range radar applications, which benefit from the high-range resolution arising from large transmit signal bandwidths. Signal processing techniques are critical to the implementation of mm-wave JRC systems. Major challenges are joint waveform design and performance criteria that would optimally trade off between communications and radar functionalities. Novel multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing techniques are required because mm-wave JRC systems employ large antenna arrays. There are opportunities to exploit recent advances in cognition, compressed sensing, and machine learning to reduce required resources and dynamically allocate them with low overheads. This article provides a signal processing perspective of mm-wave JRC systems with an emphasis on waveform design.
Suppl Figure 2 from Antitumor Activity of the MEK Inhibitor TAK-733 against Melanoma Cell Lines and Patient-Derived Tumor Explants (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Suppl Figure 2. Immunoblot Analysis of Effector Proteins in Melanoma Cell Lines&lt;/p&gt;
True identity of control Staphylococcus aureus strains and their performance in the tube coagulase test (1996)

One hundred laboratories were asked to submit their control Staphylococcus aureus strains to determine the true identity of strains presumed to be S. aureus NCTC 6571, and also to evaluate the performance of those strains being used as controls in the tube coagulase test (TCT). Of the 60 who replied, 55 laboratories sent at least one strain labelled as S. aureus NCTC 6571 (total of 64 strains). Of these, 84% were identified as S. aureus, and were indistinguishable from a fresh type strain by a combination of phenotypic methods including biotyping, antibiotic susceptibility testing and phage typing. Six-to-ten strains (9-16%), depending on the degree of stringency, were not identifiable as S. aureus NCTC 6571. The time since last retrieval from storage ranged from daily to > or = 3 years, but there was no correlation between this duration and the likelihood of differing from S. aureus NCTC 6571. Forty-seven laboratories submitted 51 strains used as controls in the TCT; these included 31 strains labelled as S. aureus NCTC 6571, eight wild strains, three other NCTC strains and nine strains of uncertain origin. Generally, the S. aureus NCTC 6571 strains produced weaker clots than the remainder. None of the S. aureus NCTC 6571 strains was found to be inoculum dependent but four of the other control strains were. The study demonstrates that some laboratories must improve procedures for ensuring that control S. aureus strains retain their true identity, particularly by avoiding repeated subcultures. Laboratories are divided in their use of strong or weak (S. aureus NCTC 6571) positive controls for the TCT. S. aureus NCTC 6571 is a more stringent control for the TCT than other control strains presently being used and is, therefore, to be preferred.
Reduced-order synthesis of operation sequences (2011)

In flexible manufacturing systems a large number of operations need to be coordinated and supervised to avoid blocking and deadlock situations. The synthesis of such supervisors soon becomes unmanageable for industrial manufacturing systems, due to state space explosion. In this paper we therefore develop some reduction principles for a recently presented model based on self-contained operations and sequences of operations. First sequential operation behaviors are identified and related operation models are simplified into one model. Then local transitions without interaction with other operation models are removed. This reduction principle is applied to a synthesis of non-blocking operation sequences, where collisions among moving devices are guaranteed to be avoided by a flexible booking process. The number of states in the synthesis procedure and the computation time is reduced dramatically by the suggested reduction principle.
Economic Implications of Soybean Maturity Group, Herbicide Program, and Irrigation Requirement (2016)

Herbicide program, seeding rate, and seed technology interactions were analyzed using yield and irrigation tradeoffs for soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Maturity Groups (MG) II through IV. Profit‐maximizing seeding rates were calculated and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results suggested that high seeding rates, affordable as a result of low seed cost, led to fast canopy closure which largely eliminated the need for postemergence herbicide use. Postemergence herbicide applications or early weed interference (in the case of the postemergence‐glyphosate [ N ‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine] program) may have resulted in some yield loss. Using MG IV soybean as opposed to earlier‐maturing soybean with lower water requirements was optimal over a wide range of soybean price and input cost assumptions. Larger, later‐maturing plants at high plant density contributed to competitiveness of soybean with weeds.
The Role of Transport Phenomena in Whispering Gallery Mode Optical Biosensor Performance (2012)

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical resonator sensors have emerged as promising tools for label-free detection of biomolecules in solution. These devices have even demonstrated single-molecule limits of detection in complex biological uids. This extraordinary sensitivity makes them ideal for low-concentration analytical and diagnostic measurements, but a great deal of work must be done toward understanding and optimizing their performance before they are capable of reliable quantitative measurents. The present work explores the physical processes behind this extreme sensitivity and how to best take advantage of them for practical applications of this technology. I begin by examining the nature of the interaction between the intense electromagnetic elds that build up in the optical biosensor and the biomolecules that bind to its surface. This work addresses the need for a coherent and thorough physical model that can be used to predict sensor behavior for a range of experimental parameters. While this knowledge will prove critical for the development of this technology, it has also shone a light on nonlinear thermo-optical and optical phenomena that these devices are uniquely suited to probing. The surprisingly rapid transient response of toroidal WGM biosensors despite sub-femtomolar analyte concentrations is also addressed. The development of asymmetric boundary layers around these devices under ow is revealed to enhance the capture rate of proteins from solution compared to the spherical sensors used previously. These lessons will guide the design of ow systems to minimize measurement time and consumption of precious sample, a key factor in any medically relevant assay. Finally, experimental results suggesting that WGM biosensors could be used to improve the quantitative detection of small-molecule biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate demonstrate how their exceptional sensitivity and transient response can enable the use of this noninvasive method to probe respiratory distress. WGM bioensors are unlike any other analytical tool, and the work presented here focuses on answering engineering questions surrounding their performance and potential.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Grignard Reagents with Aryl Fluorides via Pd‐ or Ni‐Activation of the C—F Bond: An Efficient Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Biaryls — Application of Microwave Technology in Ligand and Catalyst Screening. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Space-time autocoding (2001)

Prior treatments of space-time communications in Rayleigh flat fading generally assume that channel coding covers either one fading interval-in which case there is a nonzero "outage capacity"-or multiple fading intervals-in which case there is a nonzero Shannon capacity. However, we establish conditions under which channel codes span only one fading interval and yet are arbitrarily reliable. In short, space-time signals are their own channel codes. We call this phenomenon space-time autocoding, and the accompanying capacity the space-time autocapacity. Let an M-transmitter antenna, N-receiver antenna Rayleigh flat fading channel be characterized by an M/spl times/N matrix of independent propagation coefficients, distributed as zero-mean, unit-variance complex Gaussian random variables. This propagation matrix is unknown to the transmitter, it remains constant during a T-symbol coherence interval, and there is a fixed total transmit power. Let the coherence interval and number of transmitter antennas be related as T=/spl beta/M for some constant /spl beta/. A T/spl times/M matrix-valued signal, associated with R/spl middot/T bits of information for some rate R is transmitted during the T-symbol coherence interval. Then there is a positive space-time autocapacity C/sub a/ such that for all R<C/sub a/, the block probability of error goes to zero as the pair (T, M)/spl rarr//spl infin/ such that T/M=/spl beta/. The autocoding effect occurs whether or not the propagation matrix is known to the receiver, and C/sub a/=Nlog(1+/spl rho/) in either case, independently of /spl beta/, where /spl rho/ is the expected signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at each receiver antenna. Lower bounds on the cutoff rate derived from random unitary space-time signals suggest that the autocoding effect manifests itself for relatively small values of T and M. For example, within a single coherence interval of duration T=16, for M=7 transmitter antennas and N=4 receiver antennas, and an 18-dB expected SNR, a total of 80 bits (corresponding to rate R=5) can theoretically be transmitted with a block probability of error less than 10/sup -9/, all without any training or knowledge of the propagation matrix.
Coagulopathy of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (2001)

Life-threatening bleeding is frequent in acute leukemias, particularly in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a distinct subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia, characterized by the balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17. Laboratory assessments show profound hemostatic imbalance compatible with the clinical picture of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Activation of the coagulation system, hyperfibrinolysis and nonspecific proteases activity can be observed in this condition. An important pathogenetic role is attributed to the leukemic cell properties for activating hemostatic mechanisms. This review will summarize what is currently known about the coagulopathy of APL, the principal pathogenetic mechanisms, and the therapeutic tools for the management of this complication. Special attention will be devoted to the new therapy with all-&lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt; retinoic acid, which has completely changed the natural history of APL and APL-related coagulopathy.