gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An exponential model of isometric muscular fatigue as a function of age and muscle groups (1992)

Despite the recommendations that an important design criterion is not to exceed 15% of an operator's maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) with any muscle that must be used for a long period of time, many tasks involve the exertion of much higher forces coupled with long-term contractions. Many studies have investigated the force-time relationship of isometric muscle contractions to determine the endurance time of a given relative force. To date, however, direct studies of muscle performance throughout fatiguing tasks have not been conducted to the same degree. This research was concerned with studying the effects of different muscle groups (biceps vs quadriceps) of subjects with different age groups (20-29 vs 50-59 years of age) on long-term muscular isometric contractions at different levels of %MVC (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% MVC), and modelling the functional data to describe the time course of strength decrement. The data revealed that the time course of strength decrement was best modelled by the function: [formula: see text] An experiment, using 20 subjects with each subject performing 10 conditions (two muscle groups x five levels of %MVC), showed that this function accounted for over 95% of the variance of strength decrement. All parameter estimates were statistically significant.
Flame spray pyrolysis: An enabling technology for nanoparticles design and fabrication (2010)

Combustion of appropriate precursor sprays in a flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) process is a highly promising and versatile technique for the rapid and scalable synthesis of nanostuctural materials with engineered functionalities. The technique was initially derived from the fundamentals of the well-established vapour-fed flame aerosols reactors that was widely practised for the manufacturing of simple commodity powders such as pigmentary titania, fumed silica, alumina, and even optical fibers. In the last 10 years however, FSP knowledge and technology was developed substantially and a wide range of new and complex products have been synthesised, attracting major industries in a diverse field of applications. Key innovations in FSP reactor engineering and precursor chemistry have enabled flexible designs of nanostructured loosely-agglomerated powders and particulate films of pure or mixed oxides and even pure metals and alloys. Unique material morphologies such as core–shell structures and nanorods are possible using this essentially one step and continuous FSP process. Finally, research challenges are discussed and an outlook on the next generation of engineered combustion-made materials is given.
Multi-user detection for an asynchronous differential chaos-based multiple access system (2007)

This paper deals with the bit detection for an asynchronous transmission using a chaos-based multiple access system. Two kinds of detectors are studied: those based on a LMMSE approach, including an adaptive detector, and those based on the estimation of the users' chaotic sequences. Theoretical and simulated performance results are provided, which show the superiority of the first detectors, even when few a priori information concerning the channels is available.
Microdynamics of Water and Ion Homeostasis in the Brain (2015)

Abstract Central Nervous System (CNS) capability to receive, integrate and compute information from and to the body is dependent on its ability to maintain the electrochemical gradient of ions, the concentrations of organic molecules and the water compartmentalization across the plasma-membrane of neural cells. This dynamic disequilibrium creates, in fact, the driving force for the generation and propagation of the information relevant to neuronal cell-cell communication (action potential), for the activity of extracellular signaling molecules (synapses and gliotransmission) and for the metabolic/trophic support of the neuronal network. It is now well known that the maintenance of a stable homeostatic environment in the CNS is tightly regulated by transport mechanisms of ions, organic and inorganic molecules and water operated by the astroglial syncytium. Astrocytes, in fact, by contacting neurons and the cells lining the fluid-filled compartments (microvasculature, ventricular and subarachnoid spaces) are in a strategic position to accomplish such homeostatic regulation of the CNS. Moreover, they are endowed with ion and water transmembrane channel proteins that are localized in specific plasma-membrane microdomains facing the diverse liquid spaces.Astroglial-mediated homeostasis is highly dynamic and hierarchical and depends upon changes and adaptations of the transport physiology at specific cellular microdomains. The relevance of such temporally and spatially different mechanisms is denoted by the accumulating evidence that perturbation of the surface expression and/or polarization of transport proteins in astroglial cells underlies various pathological conditions.In this chapter we will review the ion and water microdynamics of the astrocytic syncytium highlighting their importance in the preservation of the extracellular composition of the diverse interstitial microenvironments. The potential interest of the underlying molecular players as target for therapeutical approaches will also briefly discussed.
Thermal recovery process of electron irradiated Si1‐xCx source/drain n‐MOSFETs (2015)

Abstract In this study, the performance degradation by electron irradiation and the thermal recovery process of Si 0.99 C 0.01 source/drain (S/D) n‐MOSFETs are reported. The electron mobility is 15% enhanced by 1%‐C doping in the S/D stressor region. The electron mobility is degraded by 2‐MeV electron irradiation, but the relative change was the same irrespective of C doping and electron fluence. This fact indicates that tensile‐strain relaxation by displacement damage in the Si:C stressors is not significantly impacting the mobility degradation by electron irradiation. Evidence is given that increased scattering in the channel is the main cause of mobility degradation by 2‐MeV electron irradiation. In addition, it is shown that for a fluence of 5x10 17 e/cm 2 , the electrical performance is recovered by thermal annealing. After 323 K for 15 min annealing, the mobility amounts to 95% of the pre‐irradiation value. In the case of Si 0.7 Ge 0.3 S/D p‐MOSFETs, it has been shown before that the device performance is recovered to the same degree for the same irradiation/thermal annealing conditions of this study. CMOS circuits are fabricated by a combination of n‐MOSFETs and p‐MOSFETs, therefore, it can be confirmed that strained CMOS devices using Si:C S/D n‐MOSFETs and SiGe S/D p‐MOSFETs, respectively, can operate in the radiation environment studied here. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
3-D Ultrasonic Sensing in Air with a Narrowband Transmitter and a Receiver Microphone Array (2021)

This paper leverages phased array techniques to determine the positions of multiple reflectors in 3-D space using ultrasonic sensing. The design of a low-cost sensor, consisting of a single narrowband ultrasonic transducer and a receiver array consisting of a small number of MEMS microphones, is discussed. Aspects of system design related to the sensor, analog signal chain, and digital processing are presented. A processing algorithm is described to simultaneously determine the 3-D positions of all the reflectors present in the sensor’s workspace. Further, the processing algorithm is implemented on a low-cost microcontroller and requires low memory resources (64-70 kilobytes). Experiments demonstrate the performance achieved and the detection of multiple objects in the sensor’s workspace. A computation cost analysis is performed exhibiting the rapid execution of the algorithm. High processing throughput (20-45 Hz) is achieved making the sensor suitable for applications such as workspace mapping and the tracking of multiple reflectors.
Effectiveness and safety of ranibizumab in patients with central retinal vein occlusion: results from the real-world, global, LUMINOUS study (2021)

These results demonstrate the effectiveness of ranibizumab in treatment-naïve CRVO patients at Y1 with clinically meaningful VA gains and no new safety findings over five years. These findings may help inform routine practice and enable better clinical management to achieve optimal visual outcomes.
Crude Oil Emulsion Properties and Their Application to Heavy Oil Transportation (2004)

Many advances have been made in the field of emulsions in recent years. Emulsion behavior is largely controlled by the properties of the adsorbed layers that stabilize the oil-water surfaces. The knowledge of surface tension alone is not sufficient to understand emulsion properties, and surface rheology plays an important role in a variety of dynamic processes. The complexity of petroleum emulsions comes from the oil composition in terms of surface-active molecules contained in the crude, such as low molecular weight fatty acids, naphthenic acids and asphaltenes. These molecules can interact and reorganize at oil/water interfaces. The pronounced nonlinear behavior of surface rheology for asphaltene layers might explain differences in behavior between surfactant and asphaltene emulsions. These effects are very important in the case of heavy oils because this type of crude contains a large amount of asphaltene and surface-active compounds. This article reviews different petroleum emulsion properties and the transport of high viscosity hydrocarbon as a crude oil in water emulsion.
Evaluation of force-sensing resistors for gait event detection to trigger electrical stimulation to improve walking in the child with cerebral palsy (2002)

Force-sensing resistors (FSRs) were used to detect the transitions between five main phases of gait for the control of electrical stimulation (ES) while walking with seven children with spastic diplegia, cerebral palsy. The FSR positions within each child's insoles were customized based on plantar pressure profiles determined using a pressure-sensitive membrane array (Tekscan Inc., Boston, MA). The FSRs were placed in the insoles so that pressure transitions coincided with an ipsilateral or contralateral gait event. The transitions between the following gait phases were determined: loading response, mid- and terminal stance, and pre- and initial swing. Following several months of walking on a regular basis with FSR-triggered intramuscular ES to the hip and knee extensors, hip abductors, and ankle dorsi and plantar flexors, the accuracy and reliability of the FSRs to detect gait phase transitions were evaluated. Accuracy was evaluated with four of the subjects by synchronizing the output of the FSR detection scheme with a VICON (Oxford Metrics, U.K.) motion analysis system, which was used as the gait event reference. While mean differences between each FSR-detected gait event and that of the standard (VICON) ranged from +35 ms (indicating that the FSR detection scheme recognized the event before it actually happened) to -55 ms (indicating that the FSR scheme recognized the event after it occurred), the difference data was widely distributed, which appeared to be due in part to both intrasubject (step-to-step) and intersubject variability. Terminal stance exhibited the largest mean difference and standard deviation, while initial swing exhibited the smallest deviation and preswing the smallest mean difference. To determine step-to-step reliability, all seven children walked on a level walkway for at least 50 steps. Of 642 steps, there were no detection errors in 94.5% of the steps. Of the steps that contained a detection error, 80% were due to the failure of the FSR signal to reach the programmed threshold level during the transition to loading response. Recovery from an error always occurred one to three steps later.
Diurnal expression of hetR and diazocyte development in the filamentous non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum (2003)

The marine non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Trichodesmium fixes atmospheric N(2) aerobically in light. In situ immunolocalization/light microscopy of NifH revealed that lighter, non-granulated cell regions observed correspond to the nitrogenase-containing diazocyte clusters in Trichodesmium IMS101. The number of diazocyte clusters per trichome varied from 0 to 4 depending on trichome length. The constant percentage of diazocytes (approx. 15 %) in cultured strains and five natural populations suggests a developmentally regulated differentiation process. Real-time RT-PCR showed that ntcA, encoding the global nitrogen regulator in cyanobacteria, and hetR, the key regulatory gene in heterocyst differentiation, are both constitutively expressed during a 12 h/12 h light/dark cycle. hetR in addition showed a distinct peak in the dark (close to midnight) while nifH expression commenced 6-8 h later. The expression of all three genes was negatively affected by addition of ammonia. Some early heterocyst differentiation genes were also identified in the genome of Trichodesmium. The data suggest that hetR and ntcA may be required for development and function of diazocytes in Trichodesmium.
Wave Propagation in Hexachiral Lattices Modeled as Strain Gradient Continua (2015)

International audience
A MOLECULAR DYNAMICS APPROACH TO INTERPHASE MASS TRANSFER BETWEEN LIQUID AND VAPOR (2023)

The study is conducted in order to understand a mechanism of interphase mass transfer between liquid and vapor. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is used to examine details of condensation and evaporation from a viewpoint of molecular kinetics. First, molecular boundary conditions for condensing, reflecting and evaporating molecules are presented for argon molecule as a function of the surface-normal component of translation energy. The velocity distributions can be expressed by the modified Maxwellian with making use of the condensation coefficient. The condensation coefficient of water is also examined for two kinds of intermolecular potential, the Carravetta-Clementi (C-C) model and the Extended Simple Point Charge (SPC/E) model, in order to consider the effect of the surface structure of liquid on the condensation coefficient. The results indicate that the condensation coefficient of water is close to unity for both model and its dependency on the translation energy is small compared with argon. Finally, the condensation coefficient is studied based on the transition state theory. An evaluation of the transition state is considered by applying the results of MD simulations for argon and water.
The effect of auditory feedback on perceptual and oculomotor performance in a gaze-contingent simulated scotoma paradigm (2021)

Gaze-contingent simulated scotomas have been used in normally-sighted individuals to mimic central-vision-loss(CVL) and to study perceptual and ocular-motoric processes.We investigated the effect of audio feedback on eccentric viewing training assessed with fixation stability(Bivariate Contour Ellipse Areas, BCEAs), contrast sensitivity functions(CSF), Area-Under-the-Curve(AUC), and acuity(highest visible spatial-frequency).
GPU-Based Dynamic Wave Field Synthesis Using Fractional Delay Filters and Room Compensation (2016)

Wave field synthesis (WFS) is a multichannel audio reproduction method, of a considerable computational cost that renders an accurate spatial sound field using a large number of loudspeakers to emulate virtual sound sources. The moving of sound source locations can be improved by using fractional delay filters, and room reflections can be compensated by using an inverse filter bank that corrects the room effects at selected points within the listening area. However, both the fractional delay filters and the room compensation filters further increase the computational requirements of the WFS system. This paper analyzes the performance of a WFS system composed of 96 loudspeakers which integrates both strategies. In order to deal with the large computational complexity, we explore the use of a graphics processing unit (GPU) as a massive signal co-processor to increase the capabilities of the WFS system. The performance of the method as well as the benefits of the GPU acceleration are demonstrated by considering different sizes of room compensation filters and fractional delay filters of order 9. The results show that a 96-speaker WFS system that is efficiently implemented on a state-of-art GPU can synthesize the movements of 94 sound sources in real time and, at the same time, can manage 9216 room compensation filters having more than 4000 coefficients each.
A Natural Language Like Description Language (1999)

Computer programs for the analysis of human behaviour captured in multimedia data format commonly provide mechanisms to describe the behaviour recorded. Yet these programs do not satisfactorily fulfil the need for a description mechanism which allows the production of rich descriptions of behaviour in a flexible way and which facilitates the correct and complete retrieval of descriptions according to their meaning. In this paper a new coding language for the natural language like description of human behaviour, the Flexible Structured Coding Language (FSCL) is introduced. This coding language supports the rich description of behaviour, it is flexible in its use, and it allows the correct and complete retrieval of behavioural descriptions according to their meaning.
A parametrization approach to optimal H∞ and H2 decentralized control problems (1992)

The paper proposes a two-stage design approach to optimal H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/</sub> and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> decentralized control problems. In the first stage, an optimal centralized controller is computed. Then based on the parametrization results for centralized controllers, in the second stage, the parameter that decentralizes the controller is optimized. The design approach is applied to an observer-based decentralized controller. Optimality conditions are derived.
Sites Involved in Intra- and Interdomain Allostery Associated with the Activation of Factor VIIa Pinpointed by Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange and Electron Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry (2014)

Factor VIIa (FVIIa) is a trypsin-like protease that plays an important role in initiating blood coagulation. Very limited structural information is available for the free, inactive form of FVIIa that circulates in the blood prior to vascular injury and the molecular details of its activity enhancement remain elusive. Here we have applied hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry coupled to electron transfer dissociation to pinpoint individual residues in the heavy chain of FVIIa whose conformation and/or local interaction pattern changes when the enzyme transitions to the active form, as induced either by its cofactor tissue factor or a covalent active site inhibitor. Identified regulatory residues are situated at key sites across one continuous surface of the protease domain spanning the TF-binding helix across the activation pocket to the calcium binding site and are embedded in elements of secondary structure and at the base of flexible loops. Thus these residues are optimally positioned to mediate crosstalk between functional sites in FVIIa, particularly the cofactor binding site and the active site. Our results unambiguously show that the conformational allosteric activation signal extends to the EGF1 domain in the light chain of FVIIa, underscoring a remarkable intra- and interdomain allosteric regulation of this trypsin-like protease.
Ki67 Index and S-Phase Fraction in Human Breast Carcinomas: Comparison and Correlations with Prognostic Factors (1990)

In a prospective study of 148 consecutive breast adenocarcinomas, proliferative indices of the same surgical tumor sample were performed by immunohistologic staining (Ki67 index) with the use of the Ki67 monoclonal antibody, which binds to a nuclear antigen only expressed in cycling cells, and by flow cytometry-derived S-phase fraction (SPF). Measurable Ki67 and SPF indices were obtained in 142 cases and 99 cases, respectively, and in 96 cases by both methods. In aneuploid tumors, a significant but low (P less than 0.05, r = 0.3) relationship was observed between Ki67 index and SPF. When compared with clinical, pathologic, and biochemical parameters these two proliferative indices were shown to be associated with nuclear grading and mitotic index. Additionally, correlations were observed between Ki67 index and node involvement (P less than 0.02) and between SPF and estrogen receptors (P = 0.002). These results show that (1) proliferative indices are obtained in 96% of surgical samples with Ki67 versus 67% with SPF and that (2) Ki67 index and SPF may provide complementary data with respect to prognosis.
Genetic Algorithm for the Design of Electro-Mechanical Sigma Delta Modulator MEMS Sensors (2011)

This paper describes a novel design methodology using non-linear models for complex closed loop electro-mechanical sigma-delta modulators (EMΣΔM) that is based on genetic algorithms and statistical variation analysis. The proposed methodology is capable of quickly and efficiently designing high performance, high order, closed loop, near-optimal systems that are robust to sensor fabrication tolerances and electronic component variation. The use of full non-linear system models allows significant higher order non-ideal effects to be taken into account, improving accuracy and confidence in the results. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, two design examples are presented including a 5th order low-pass EMΣΔM for a MEMS accelerometer, and a 6th order band-pass EMΣΔM for the sense mode of a MEMS gyroscope. Each example was designed using the system in less than one day, with very little manual intervention. The strength of the approach is verified by SNR performances of 109.2 dB and 92.4 dB for the low-pass and band-pass system respectively, coupled with excellent immunities to fabrication tolerances and parameter mismatch.
Data remanence in flash memory devices (2005)

Abstract. Data remanence is the residual physical representation of data that has been erased or overwritten. In non-volatile programmable devices, such as UV EPROM, EEPROM or Flash, bits are stored as charge in the floating gate of a transistor. After each erase operation, some of this charge remains. Security protection in microcontrollers and smartcards with EEPROM/Flash memories is based on the assumption that information from the memory disappears completely after erasing. While microcontroller manufacturers successfully hardened already their designs against a range of attacks, they still have a common problem with data remanence in floating-gate transistors. Even after an erase operation, the transistor does not return fully to its initial state, thereby allowing the attacker to distinguish between previously programmed and not programmed transistors, and thus restore information from erased memory. The research in this direction is summarised here and it is shown how much information can be extracted from some microcontrollers after their memory has been ‘erased’. 1
Interconnection and damping assignment passivity based control for cell and battery vehicle : simulation and experimentation (2017)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROXYMETHYLATION OF 3‐AROYLPROPANOIC ACIDS; AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF 4‐AROYL‐2(3H)‐DIHYDROFURANONES AND AN EASY APPROACH TO 3‐AROYL‐3‐BUTENOIC ACIDS (1981)

Abstract Die Kondensation von 3‐Aroylpropionsäuren (I) mit Formaldehyd und Natronlauge im Molverhältnis von ca. 1 führt überwiegend zu den Lactonen (II).