gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic Spectrometry Update—Advances in Atomic Absorption and Fluorescence Spectrometry and Related Techniques (1996)

This review on from last year's (J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1995, 10, 199R) and describes the developments in atomic absorption and atomic fluorescence spectrometry since that time. Included in this review are fundamental processes and instrumentation in the areas of atomic absorption and atomic fluorescenece spectrometry, together with advances in related techniques such as atomic magneto-optical rotation spectrometry and laser-enhanced ionization. The review of ‘Atomic Emission Spectrometry’ may be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1996, 11 (4). Once again this year a number of changes have been implemented to aid presentation. The most important of these is the inclusion of Tables to present information in Section 1.2 Electrothermal Atomization. It is hoped that this will facilitate easier and quicker access to material covering a specific area. The sub-headings in Section 1 have also been modified to reflect the material presented in the review, although in general the format is the same as in previous years. The full references, names and addresses of authors can be readily found from the Atomic Spectrometry Updates References in the relevant issue of J. Anal. At. Spectrom. However, as an additional service to readers an abbreviated form of each reference quoted (except for those of Conference Abstracts) is given at the end of the review. Comments as to these changes and possible improvements for future reviews are welcomed by the review coordinator.
Progesterone Enhances Glucocorticoid Dissociation from the AtT-20 Cell Glucocorticoid Receptor* (1980)

The dissociation rates of triamcinolone acetonide (9α-fluoro-11β, 16α, 17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione-16,17-acetal with acetone), dexamethasone, and corticosterone from the AtT-20 cytosol receptor were measured after the addition of a 1000-fold excess of unlabeled homologous glucocorticoid. The simultaneous addition of unlabeled progesterone increased the rate of dissociation in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of progesterone was reversible. 17β-Estradiol, aldosterone, or additional amounts of glucocorticoids did not increase the dissociation rate. Steroids which were found to increase the dissociation rate were: R-5020 (dimethyl-19-norpregna- 4,9-diene-3,20-dione,17α,21-[17α-methyl]) > progesterone > desoxycorticosterone > medroxyprogesterone (17α-hydroxy-6α-methyl-Δ4-pregnen-3,20-dione) > cortexolone > testosterone > methyltestosterone (4-androsten-17α-methyl-17β-01-3- trione). Experiments were also performed using intact AtT-20 cells. Cells which had been incubated to equilibrium with tritiated glucocorticoids were further incubated with a large excess of either nonradioactive progesterone or glucocorticoid, and the rate at which the tritiated steroid dissociated from the cellular binding sites was determined. The studies showed that progesterone significantly enhanced the rate at which tritiated corticosterone or dexamethasone dissociated from intact cell glucocorticoid binding is qualitatively similar to that observed in cytosol preparations. Since this effect on binding was produced in vitro and in vivo by progestins and several other glucocorticoid antagonists, but not by glucocorticoids, it suggests the existence of a progestin-specific site capable of allosteric effects on the glucocorticoid-binding site. Effective interaction with this site may lead to reduced glucocorticoid-receptor affinity by changes in the dissociation rate. It is possible that this effect represents a mechanism by which antiglucocorticoid action is mediated.
Spectroscopic Study of the CP43′ Complex and the PSI–CP43′ Supercomplex of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 (2011)

The PSI-CP43' supercomplex of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803, grown under iron-starvation conditions, consists of a trimeric core Photosystem I (PSI) complex and an outer ring of 18 CP43' light-harvesting complexes. We have investigated the electronic structure and excitation energy transfer (EET) pathways within the CP43' (also known as the isiA gene product) ring using low-temperature absorption, fluorescence, fluorescence excitation, and hole-burning (HB) spectroscopies. Analysis of the absorption spectra of PSI, CP43', and PSI-CP43' complexes suggests that there are 13 chlorophylls (Chls) per CP43' monomer, i.e., a number that was observed in the CP43 complex of Photosystem II (PSII) (Umena, Y. et al. Nature 2011, 473, 55-60). This is in contrast with the recent modeling studies of Zhang et al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2010, 1797, 457-465), which suggested that IsiA likely contains 15 Chls. Modeling studies of various optical spectra of the CP43' ring using the uncorrelated EET model (Zazubovich, V.; Jankowiak, R. J. Lumin. 2007, 127, 245-250) suggest that CP43' monomers (in analogy to the CP43 complexes of the PSII core) also possess two quasi-degenerate low-energy states, A' and B'. The site distribution functions of states A' and B' maxima/full width at half-maximum (fwhm) are at 684 nm/180 cm(-1) and 683 nm/80 cm(-1), respectively. Our analysis shows that pigments mostly contributing to the lowest-energy A' and B' states must be located on the side of the CP43' complex facing the PSI core, a finding that contradicts the model of Zhang et al. but is in agreement with the model suggested by Nield et al. (Biochemistry2003, 42, 3180-3188). We demonstrate that the A'-A' and B'-B' EET between different monomers is possible, though with a slower rate than intramonomer A'-B' and/or B'-A' energy transfer.
Impact of polycarboxylate dispersant with super-length of side chains on early hydration of cement (2012)

A serial of polycarboxylate dispersants with super-length of side chains were used as the dispersant for cement.The impact of the dispersant on the early hydration of cement was investigated in system using isothermal calorimetry measurements,compressive strength and scanning electron micron-scope.The polycarboxylate dispersants with super-length of side chains accelerate the early hydration of cement more than the common polycarboxylate dispersants and evidently enhance the strength of cement-based material.The morphology tells that the addition of polycarboxylate dispersants with super-length of side chains changes the morphology of the hydrated production.As increasing the length of super side chains,the floc-like C—S—H and needle like type of ettringite crystals increased.
NANOGrav 15-year gravitational-wave background methods (2023)

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) use an array of millisecond pulsars to search for gravitational waves in the nanohertz regime in pulse time of arrival data. This paper presents rigorous tests of PTA methods, examining their consistency across the relevant parameter space. We discuss updates to the 15-year isotropic gravitational-wave background analyses and their corresponding code representations. Descriptions of the internal structure of the flagship algorithms Enterprise and PTMCMCSampler are given to facilitate understanding of the PTA likelihood structure, how models are built, and what methods are currently used in sampling the high-dimensional PTA parameter space. We introduce a novel version of the PTA likelihood that uses a two-step marginalization procedure that performs much faster in gravitational wave searches, reducing the required resources facilitating the computation of Bayes factors via thermodynamic integration and sampling a large number of realizations for computing Bayesian false-alarm probabilities. We perform stringent tests of consistency and correctness of the Bayesian and frequentist analysis methods. For the Bayesian analysis, we test prior recovery, simulation recovery, and Bayes factors. For the frequentist analysis, we test that the optimal statistic, when modified to account for a non-negligible gravitational-wave background, accurately recovers the amplitude of the background. We also summarize recent advances and tests performed on the optimal statistic in the literature from both GWB detection and parameter estimation perspectives. The tests presented here validate current analyses of PTA data.
Local Excitation of a Perfectly Conducting Slab With Finite or Infinite Number of Slits and the Role of Proper Complex Waves (2020)

The physics and modes of radiation in structures exhibiting extraordinary transmission (ET) can be best studied using Green's function formalism. In this article, we find the electromagnetic response to local excitation of a canonical structure exhibiting ET, and investigate the role of complex waves. The structure is a perfectly conducting slab having a finite or infinite number of through-slits. The solution breaks up the field into even and odd modes, and solves for the fields of the structure with a finite number of slits, by setting up an integral equation. The solution is then extended to find Greens' function of the infinitely periodic structure. The dispersion relations of the complex modes are found, and existence of proper complex modes is shown around ET frequencies. It is shown that these proper complex modes play an important role in determining the far-field and emergence of ET.
The Role of Enteral Nutrition Support in Treatment of Acute Severe Pancreatitis (2009)

Objective To investigate the role of enteral nutrition support in treatment of acute severe pancreatitis. Methods The data on 30 patients with SAP were retrospectively analyzed. They were randomly assigned to receive either enteral nutrition (EN group,n=16)or total parenteral nutrition (TPN group, n =14). The changes of clinical indicators and clinical outcome were recorded. Results Two weeks after nutritional support, the APACHE II score and CTSI score were significantly lower in the EN group than in the TPN group(P0.01). The blood glucose,serum albumin , the blood calcium and serum creatinine in both groups were notably improved (P0.01),however,no significant difference was found between these two groups(P0.05). The average hospital stay was also notably shortened in the EN group. The incidence of shift to operation, complications and mortality were significantly lower in the EN group than in the TPN group (P 0.05). Conclusion Enteral nutrition is safe and effective in the treatment of SAP.
Development and application of the magnetic field device for single crystal growth (2013)

중성자회절을 이용하여 단백질 내의 수소원자 위치를 포함한 3차원 상세구조를 분석할 수 있으므로, 중성자 회절용 단백질 단결정을 성장시키기 위해 상용자석을 이용한 자기장 단결정 성장장치를 개발하였다. 이 장치를 이용하여 중성자 회절실험에 필요한 1 <TEX>$mm^3$</TEX> 이상 부피의 lysozyme 단결정 시료를 성장시켰다. 자기장 영향 하에서 성장시킨 단결정은 자기장의 영향 없이 성장한 시료보다 평균 부피가 크고 결정도가 우수하였으며, X-선 측정 결과에서도 해상도가 높고 작은 mosaicity를 나타내었다. The three-dimensional structure of the proteins, including the location of the hydrogen atoms can be analyzed by using neutron diffraction. In order to grow single crystals for neutron diffraction experiments, we developed a simple magnetic field device with the commercial magnets and succeeded in growing hen egg-white lysozyme single crystals of more than 1 <TEX>$mm^3$</TEX> in volume using this device. The crystals grown with a magnetic field were larger and had perfect transparency, whereas the crystals grown without a magnetic field had micro-cracks. The result of the X-ray measurement showed a good resolution and small mosaicity for the crystals grown in the presence of a magnetic field.
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Regulates Tight Junction Protein Levels (2015)

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase is a major regulator of gut mucosal permeability and appears to work at least partly through improving TJP levels and localization. These data provide a strong foundation to develop IAP as a novel therapy to maintain gut barrier function.
Infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy of liquids with an F-center laser (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared photoacoustic spectroscopy of liquids with an F-center laserPao Yuan. Chen and James S. ShirkCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 1, 80–82Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00265a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00265a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inherently antioxidant and antimicrobial tannic acid release from poly(tannic acid) nanoparticles with controllable degradability B Biointerfaces (2016)

From a natural polyphenol, Tannic acid (TA), poly(TA) nanoparticles were readily prepared using a single step approach with three different biocompatible crosslinkers; trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TMPGDE), poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGGE), and trisodium trimetaphosphate (STMP). P(TA) particles were obtained with controllable diameters between 400 to 800nm with −25mV surface charge. The effect of synthesis conditions, such as the emulsion medium, pH values of TA solution, and the type of crosslinker, on the shape, size, dispersity, yield, and degradability of poly(Tannic Acid) (p(TA)) nanoparticles was systematically investigated. The hydrolytic degradation amount in physiological pH conditions of 5.4, 7.4, and 9.0 at 37.5°C were found to be in the order TMPGDE<PEGGE<STMP. Furthermore, the degradation amounts of TA from p(TA) nanoparticles can be controlled by the appropriate choice of crosslinker, and the pH of releasing media. The highest TA release, 600mg/g, was obtained for TMPGDE-crosslinked p(TA) particles in intestinal pH conditions (pH 9) over 3 days; whereas, a slow and linear TA release profile over almost 30 days was obtained by using PEGGE-crosslinked p(TA) in body fluid pH conditions (pH 7.4). The total phenol content of p(TA) particles was calculated as 70±1μgmL⁻¹ for 170μgmL⁻¹ p(TA), and the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity was found to be 2027±104mM trolox equivalent g⁻¹. Moreover, p(TA) nanoparticles demonstrated strong antimicrobial effects against common bacterial strains. More interestingly, with a higher concentration of p(TA) particles, higher blood clotting indices were obtained.
Silencing of c-kit with small interference RNA attenuates inflammation in a murine model of allergic asthma (2012)

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by the inﬂammation of the airways due to inﬁltration and activation of several inflammatory cells that produce cytokines. c-kit, a proto-oncogene that encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor, has been found to be associated with allergic inflammation. The aim of the present study was to assess whether silencing of c-kit with small interference RNA (siRNA) would attenuate inflammation in allergic asthma. A mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma was treated with systemic administration of anti-c-kit siRNA to inhibit the expression of the c-kit gene. siRNAs were injected through the vena caudalis. We measured inﬂammatory response in both anti-c-kit siRNA-treated and control mice. Systemic administration of siRNA could effectively inhibit the expression of the c-kit gene and reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells (eosinophils and lymphocytes) into the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, we found that c-kit siRNA can decrease the production of the T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-5, but has no influence on IFN-γ generation. These results show that inhibition of c-kit expression with siRNA can reduce the inflammatory response in allergic asthma.
Enterococcus faecalisTropism for the Kidneys in the Urinary Tract of C57BL/6J Mice (2005)

Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive bacterium that can cause a variety of nosocomial infections of which urinary tract infections are the most common. These infections can be exceptionally difficult to treat because of drug resistance of many E. faecalis isolates. Despite their troublesome nature, little is known about the host or bacterial factors necessary for E. faecalis to cause disease in the urinary tract. Using a mouse model of urinary tract infection, we have shown that E. faecalis is capable of persisting in the kidneys of mice for at least 2 weeks. In contrast, bacterial titers from the bladders of the same mice were inconsistent and tended to be much lower than those recovered from the kidney. This preference for the kidney over the bladder is also observed in other clinical E. faecalis strains. Histologic examination of bladder and kidney tissues demonstrated that E. faecalis induced an inflammatory response in the kidney but not in the bladder. This inflammatory response was TLR2 independent and did not induce inflammatory markers typically associated with uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Using a competition assay, we demonstrated that a pyelonephritis clinical isolate had a growth advantage over a laboratory strain of E. faecalis in the kidneys but not in the bladders of mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that E. faecalis has tropism for the kidneys in the urinary tracts of mice and that this system can be used to study factors involved in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections.
Structure and small molecule activation reactivity of a metallasilsesquioxane of divalent ytterbium (2020)

The first metallasilsesquioxane of a divalent lanthanide, [Yb{Cy<sub>7</sub>Si<sub>7</sub>O<sub>11</sub>(OSiMe<sub>3</sub>)}(THF)]<sub>2</sub>, 1, was synthesized and structurally characterized. The Cy<sub>7</sub>Si<sub>7</sub>O<sub>11</sub>(OSiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sup>2-</sup> ligands in 1 bind two Yb(ii) ions in a bridging mode. The dinuclear complex effects the two-electron reduction of azobenzene yielding the Yb(iii) complex [{Yb(Cy<sub>7</sub>Si<sub>7</sub>O<sub>11</sub>(OSiMe<sub>3</sub>))(THF)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>(PhNNPh)], 2, and the CO<sub>2</sub> reduction to CO and carbonate.
EVALUATION OF A PREDICTION ALGORITHM FOR A REAL-TIME RAMP CONTROL SYSTEM. VOLUME 3. (FREEWAY AND RAMP REAL TIME FORECASTING) (1993)

Volume III evaluates a statistical pattern recognition-based predictive algorithm that was tested on-line with the ramp metering computer system of the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) in Spring 1990. The purpose of this algorithm was to forecast bottleneck formation 1 or 2 minutes in advance of its occurrence, and to adjust ramp metering rates in order to avoid or decrease bottleneck formation. The evaluation of this algorithm was conducted by applying multiple linear regression techniques to traffic volumes and occupancy time series data collected by the WSDOT's Transportation System Management Center (TSMC). In addition to the statistical analysis, the accuracy of the algorithm's predicting ability was evaluated using the computer generated prediction messages printed during the study period.
Magnetization Directions of Individual Nanoparticles (1999)

The magnetization directions of individual monodomain nanoparticles as small as 5 nanometers in diameter are determined using the Foucault method of Lorentz microscopy. A model is developed to explain the images and diffraction patterns of samarium cobalt nanoparticles as a function of the aperture shift direction. Thermally induced changes in the magnetization direction of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles were observed but with a much slower rate than expected, due to surface anisotropy. When the time scale for magnetization reversal is much shorter than the data acquisition time, as in carbon-coated iron cobalt alloy nanoparticles, the images show an average of such thermally induced changes.
Spatial Relationship between the Prodan Site, Trp-214, and Cys-34 Residues in Human Serum Albumin and Loss of Structure through Incremental Unfolding (2002)

Prodan (6-propionyl-2-(dimethylamino)-naphthalene), a competitive inhibitor of warfarin binding to human serum albumin (HSA) at drug site I, was used to determine the inter- and intradomain distances of HSA. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) distances between prodan and Trp-214, prodan and 7-(diethyl amino)-4-methylcoumarin 3-maleimide (CM)-modified Cys-34, and Trp-214 and CM-Cys-34 were determined to be 25.5 +/- 0.5 A, 33.1 +/- 0.8 A, and 32.4 +/- 1 A, respectively. FRET analysis showed that low concentration of palmitic acid (5 microM) increased the interdomain distance between the Trp-214 in domain II and CM-Cys-34 in domain I by approximately 5 A without perturbing the secondary structure of HSA and the immediate environment of Trp-214. Palmitic acid (5 microM) increased the prodan fluorescence by increasing the quantum yield of bound prodan without altering the tryptophan environment. However, palmitic acid (>10 microM) decreased the prodan fluorescence and increased the tryptophan fluorescence. Our results indicate that the high affinity palmitic acid binding site is located at the interface of domains I and II. On the basis of our measurements, a schematic model representing the drug site-1, Trp-214, and Cys-34 along with the palmitic acid sites has been constructed. In addition, prodan fluorescence, FRET, and ligand binding were used to monitor guanidine hydrochloride-induced denaturation of HSA. An analysis of the equilibrium unfolding data suggests that HSA undergoes a two-state unfolding transition with no detectable intermediate. However, kinetic analysis using multiple probes and thermal denaturation studies showed that the unfolding of the prodan site in HSA preceded the unfolding of tryptophan environment. In addition, the separation of domain I and II occurred before the global unfolding of the protein. The data support the idea that HSA loses its structure incrementally during its unfolding.