gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Edge Couplers in Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits: A Review (2020)

Silicon photonics has drawn increasing attention in the past few decades and is a promising key technology for future daily applications due to its various merits including ultra-low cost, high integration density owing to the high refractive index of silicon, and compatibility with current semiconductor fabrication process. Optical interconnects is an important issue in silicon photonic integrated circuits for transmitting light, and fiber-to-chip optical interconnects is vital in application scenarios such as data centers and optical transmission systems. There are mainly two categories of fiber-to-chip optical coupling: off-plane coupling and in-plane coupling. Grating couplers work under the former category, while edge couplers function as in-plane coupling. In this paper, we mainly focus on edge couplers in silicon photonic integrated circuits. We deliver an introduction to the research background, operation mechanisms, and design principles of silicon photonic edge couplers. The state-of-the-art of edge couplers is reviewed according to the different structural configurations of the device, while identifying the performance, fabrication feasibility, and applications. In addition, a brief comparison between edge couplers and grating couplers is conducted. Packaging issues are also discussed, and several prospective techniques for further improvements of edge couplers are proposed.
Photochromism of spiropyran in molecular sieve voids: effects of host–guest interaction on isomer status, switching stability and reversibility (2001)

Spiropyran or its preferred configurational isomers, respectively, are incorporated in faujasite (NaY, HY and DAY) cages by in situ synthesis, and in Si-MCM-41 channels by wetness impregnation. Luminescence spectra of the colored isomers indicate the non-aggregated incorporation of merocyanine forms. High quantum yields for the photochromism (∼75%) demonstrate the ready access of the chromophores for the photons of the laser pulses, used for the photoinduced switching between the different configurational isomers. The strong retardation of the thermal relaxation rate from the photoproduct cis-merocyanine to the thermodynamically preferred trans-merocyanine in the faujasite hosts (HY, DAY) in comparison to spiropyrans in SiO2 or Al2O3 is attributed to an increase of the rotation barriers by the imposed spatial restrictions. Among the different faujasites the dealuminated Y-zeolite (DAY) exhibits the lowest relaxation rates of the photoproduct and the highest switching reversibilities between the trans- and the cis-merocyanine.
Virtual Camerawork for Generating Lecture Video from High Resolution Images (2005)

We propose a method for generating a dynamic lecture video from the high resolution images recorded by a HDV camcorder. The lecture images are cropped to track the region of the instructor. Our approach uses bilateral filtering to avoid jittery motion caused by temporal differencing, and pseudo camera motion (panning) based on shooting technique of broadcast cameraman is generated. We evaluated our method, and showed that the effectiveness of our algorithm was verified through subjective experiments.
Steam reforming of hydrocarbons with nonthermal plasma (2003)

Steam reforming of methane, ethane, propane and neopentane was investigated with two types of nonthermal plasma reactors. With a ferroelectric packed-bed reactor (FPR) in N/sub 2/, almost the same conversions were obtained for ethane, propane and neopentane, but methane was less reactive than these hydrocarbons. Hydrogen gas yield decreased in the order: methane/spl ap/ethane>propane>neopentane. The molar ratio of H/sub 2/ to CO {[H/sub 2/]/[CO]} exceeded 3.5 for all the hydrocarbons. [H/sub 2/]/[CO] did not change in the range of H/sub 2/O content from 0.5% to 2.5%. At the volumetric ratio of H/sub 2/O to Hydrocarbon=2.0, carbon balances were poor for ethane, propane, and neopentane, but almost all of the carbon atoms in the reacted methane were recovered as CO and CO/sub 2/. The selectivities of CO and CO/sub 2/ depended on the chemical structures of the substrate hydrocarbons. It is considered that the water-gas-shift reaction proceeds backward for the reaction systems of hydrogen-rich hydrocarbons. FPR maintained the same performance for 10 h in the steam reforming of methane. The efficiency of a silent discharge plasma reactor was much lower than that of FPR.
Book Notices (1984)

Journal Article Book Notices Get access Leonhard Ragaz in seinen Briefen. 2. Band: 1914–1932. Christine Ragaz, Markus Mattm¨ller, Arthur Rich. Theologischer Veriag Z¨rich, 1982. 85 Swiss francs. Paul Bock Paul Bock Doane College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume 52, Issue 4, December 1984, Pages 790-a–790, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/52.4.790-a Published: 01 December 1984
Recorded bit observation by spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy (spin SEM) (2006)

In the present study, we observed the recorded bits in a perpendicular magnetic recording medium by using spin SEM. The results show that spin SEM can observe the detail structure of the recorded bits in a high-density perpendicular magnetic recording medium. Thus, the images of the recorded bits taken by spin SEM will help to study the recording characteristics of a head and a medium by comparing with recorded magnetization simulations.
Reconnaissance faciale basée sur les ondelettes robuste et optimisée pour les systèmes embarqués (2015)

National audience
TAKO-Pen (2015)

Human dexterity of manipulating tools is associated with haptic information achieved from multiple contact points of the skin with a grasping tool. For example, we can perceive external forces applied on a grasping tool based on skin pressure distribution. By understanding the nature of this mechanism, a new haptic interface to enhance our tool manipulation skills can be realized.
Rheology of Poly(ethylene oxide)/Organoclay Nanocomposites (2001)

A series of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/organoclay nanocomposites have been prepared via a solvent casting method. Using three different organoclays modified with the alkylammonium salts, the effect of surfactants on organoclay surfaces in polymer/organoclay nanocomposites was investigated by focusing on two major aspects: internal structure analysis and rheological measurement of the nanocomposites. The d spacings of both the pure PEO and intercalated organoclay were examined via X-ray diffraction analysis, and the microstructure of these nanocomposites was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Rheological properties of these nanocomposites exhibited different behavior with different modifier concentrations and surfactant sizes (chain lengths). To analyze the non-Newtonian flow behavior, we fitted shear viscosity data via the Carreau model, showing that steady shear viscosity and power-law behavior increase with organoclay content. Hysteresis phenomenon was also enhanced with organoclay content, and the increase in the storage/loss moduli and interactions among organoclay platelets were observed with organoclay content. The enhanced thermal stability of the nanocomposites by organoclay was also observed.
Topological Localization of Monomeric C-reactive Protein Determines Proinflammatory Endothelial Cell Responses (2014)

The activation of endothelial cells (ECs) by monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP) has been implicated in contributing to atherogenesis. However, the potent proinflammatory actions of mCRP on ECs in vitro appear to be incompatible with the atheroprotective effects of mCRP in a mouse model. Because mCRP is primarily generated within inflamed tissues and is rapidly cleared from the circulation, we tested whether these discrepancies can be explained by topological differences in response to mCRP within blood vessels. In a Transwell culture model, the addition of mCRP to apical (luminal), but not basolateral (abluminal), surfaces of intact human coronary artery EC monolayers evoked a significant up-regulation of MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-6. Such polarized stimulation of mCRP was observed consistently regardless of EC type or experimental conditions (e.g. culture of ECs on filters or extracellular matrix-coated surfaces). Accordingly, we detected enriched lipid raft microdomains, the major surface sensors for mCRP on ECs, in apical membranes, leading to the preferential apical binding of mCRP and activation of ECs through the polarized induction of the phospholipase C, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, LPS and IL-1β induction of EC activation also exhibited topological dependence, whereas TNF-α did not. Together, these results indicate that tissue-associated mCRP likely contributes little to EC activation. Hence, topological localization is an important, but often overlooked, factor that determines the contribution of mCRP and other proinflammatory mediators to chronic vascular inflammation.
Dielectric suppression and its effect on photoabsorption of nanometric semiconductors (2001)

Deeper insight is presented into the origin of the dielectric suppression and its effect on the photoabsorption of nanometric semiconductors. Consistency between modelling predictions and experimental observations reveals that the dielectric suppression originates from the enhancement of the crystal field due to surface bond contraction and the rise of the surface-to-volume ratio with decreasing particle size. The suppression of the dielectric function will lead to a blue shift in photoabsorption edges, which may find application in microelectronic and photonic devices of nanometre scales.
Effects of high-pressure cooling on the wear patterns on turning inserts used on alloy IN718 (2016)

Several emerging technologies are being explored to increase the efficiency of machining nickel based alloys. These include the so-called assisted machining processes. Within that group, use of high-pressure cooling has been increasing since its introduction in the 1950s by Pigott and Colwell. The present study compares changes in tool wear patterns for high-pressure cooling (HPC) with those for flood cooling during rough face-turning of wrought nickel-based alloy IN 718. The alloy was face-turned with uncoated carbide tools at a contact cutting speed of 30 m/min, using conventional and high-pressure coolants (HPCs) at 8 MPa (80 bar). Tool wear and cutting force components were recorded. HPC reduced flank wear more than 30%, and reduced cutting forces by more than 10%. In contrast, notch wear is higher and becomes predominant in HPC. Temperatures during turning were also measured and compared to the results obtained from finite element modeling to better understand differences in the notch formation tendency for HPCs compared with conventional.
Cover Picture: A Mass Spectrometric and Molecular Modelling Study of Cisplatin Binding to Transferrin (ChemBioChem 10/2005) (2005)

The cover picture shows a representation of blood flow through an artery that carries cisplatin‐bound transferrin. The cisplatin‐bound transferrin is encased by a platinum ring, which reflects the platinum question: "Could the unprecedented clinical success of cisplatin be due, in part, to transferrin‐mediated delivery to cancer cells?" In the article by P. J. Dyson and co‐workers on p. 1788 ff, mass spectrometric based evidence is provided to suggest that cisplatin binds to the iron‐binding site of transferrin, and the implications of this evidence are discussed.
Modeling of vertical and lateral phototransistors using VHDL-AMS (2005)

In this paper, to be able to simulate imaging systems containing APS cells including phototransistors, an electric model based on a physical approach was elaborated and it was written in the VHDL-AMS language. It allows the simulation of the spectral response of phototransistors sensibilities and the study of their linearity according to the power of the incident light.
Structural characterization and immunoregulatory activity of a new polysaccharide from Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis (2019)

A new homogeneous heteropolysaccharide (CMSPA90-1) was purified from bergamot by DEAE sepharose fast flow and Sephadex G-75 columns, and was shown to have a molecular weight of 17.6 kDa. Its chemical structure was elucidated by acid hydrolysis and methylation analysis, along with high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopies, the Congo red test, and circular dichroism. CMSPA90-1 consisted of a pyranoside and funanside with branches containing α- and β-configurations simultaneously. Arabinose and glucose might form an arabinoglucan backbone. The ultrastructure of CMSPA90-1 was further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that CMSPA90-1 had good thermal stability. The results of DPPH˙ and ABTS<sup>+</sup>˙ radical scavenging assays indicated that CMSPA90-1 exhibited free-radical-scavenging properties. Otherwise, CMSPA90-1 could promote the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and the neutral red phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells, which indicated that CMSPA90-1 could be researched and developed as one of the potential functional foods or natural medicines.
Reduction of network cost and wiring in Ranade's butterfly routing (1992)

Abstract We investigate implementations of butterfly networks. Obvious mappings of network nodes to chips lead to implementations with expensive wiring. We consider Ranade's butterfly routing algorithm. For this algorithm, we present a new mapping of network nodes to chips. This mapping only needs half the number of chips and links between chips. The chips' interconnections still form a butterfly network.
C-1027 Enediyne Chromophore: Presence of Another Active Form and Its Chemical Structure. (1999)

Antibiotic C-1027, a member of a family of potent antitumor chromoproteins, was isolated from the culture supernatant of Streptomyces globisporus C-10271*, and found to display antimicrobial activity as well as to have potent cytotoxic effects2*. C-1027 was shown to consist of two components, an acidic protein of 110 amino acid residues, previously sequenced3?4), and a non-protein chromophore extractable with organic solvents, which was very labile in the free form as is the case for chromophores of known chromoproteins such as neocarzinostatin (NCS), auromomycin, actinoxanthin, kedarcidin, and maduropeptin5'6). By a detailed analyses of the *H and 13C NMRspectrawith the aid of2D-NMR technique of aromatized C-1027 chromophore III (Chr-
Pursuit Subregion of the Frontal Eye Field Projects to the Caudate Nucleus in Monkeys (2003)

It has been well established by recording, inactivation, and neuroanatomical studies that the caudate nucleus is important for the control of saccadic eye movements. However, until now, there has been little evidence that the caudate nucleus plays a role in smooth pursuit eye movements. In the present study, we physiologically identified the smooth pursuit subregion of the frontal eye field (FEFsem) and the saccadic subregion of the frontal eye field (FEFsac) in four Cebus monkeys. Anterogradely transported tracers (biotinylated dextran amines and wheat germ aglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase) were then used to determine the efferent connections of the FEFsem to the caudate nucleus and to compare those connections with projections arising in the FEFsac. We observed dense projections from the FEFsem to the head and body of the caudate. The FEFsem and FEFsac terminal fields were of approximately equal density and total area. The region of FEFsem-labeled axon terminals overlapped only slightly with the region of FEFsac-labeled terminals. These results suggest that the caudate nucleus may play an important role in the control of smooth pursuit eye movements via feedback loops involving the basal ganglia and thalamus. Our results further suggest that the basal ganglia circuitry concerned with controlling visual pursuit is physically segregated from that concerned with controlling saccadic eye movements.
Characterization of Fe(II) complexes exhibiting the ligand-driven light-induced spin-change effect using SQUID and magnetic circular dichroism (2006)

We present a study of the magnetic behavior of two isomeric derivatives of the photomagnetic Fe(II) complex, Fe(stpy) 4 (NCSe) 2 (stpy = 4-styrylpyridine, either all- trans or all- cis ), whose magnetic state depends on the conformation of the photoisomer stpy ligands, and hence can exhibit the so-called ligand-driven light-induced spin-change (LD-LISC) effect. We compare the results of SQUID magnetization measurements on microcrystalline powder samples with those from UV–vis magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) measurements of the complexes in dilutely doped polymer thin films over a broad range of magnetic field (0–8 T) and temperature (5–220 K). For the all- cis complex, which is high-spin ( S = 2) over the whole temperature range investigated, we have measured the field and temperature dependence of the MCD signal including the saturation regime where information concerning the magnetic environment of the Fe(II) core can be gained. In contrast, the all- trans complex possesses a high-spin ↔ low-spin crossover, which is observed in the microcrystalline powder SQUID measurements with a transition temperature of T 1/2 ∼ 163 K. We show that the temperature-dependent MCD signal also allows observation of this spin crossover for complexes in dilutely doped polymer thin films. The behavior of the MCD signal indicates a significantly lower temperature range for the SCO transition in the polymer host in comparison to the microcrystalline environment due to changes in intermolecular interactions, which has a significant impact on the operating temperature range for the LD-LISC effect. The results demonstrate that the MCD technique is a valuable tool for probing the magnetic state of LD-LISC complexes in dilute randomly-oriented molecular samples, with the use of optical techniques in principle allowing the extension to time-resolved studies of photomagnetic switching down to the excited-state time scale.
Effect of Sorbed Methanol, Current, and Temperature on Multicomponent Transport in Nafion-Based Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (2008)

The CO2 in the cathode exhaust of a liquid feed direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) has two sources: methanol diffuses through the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) to the cathode where it is catalytically oxidized to CO2; additionally, a portion of the CO2 produced at the anode diffuses through the MEA to the cathode. The potential-dependent CO2 exhaust from the cathode was monitored by online electrochemical mass spectrometry (ECMS) with air and with H2 at the cathode. The precise determination of the crossover rates of methanol and CO2, enabled by the subtractive normalization of the methanol/air to the methanol/H2 ECMS data, shows that methanol decreases the membrane viscosity and thus increases the diffusion coefficients of sorbed membrane components. The crossover of CO2 initially increases linearly with the Faradaic oxidation of methanol, reaches a temperature-dependent maximum, and then decreases. The membrane viscosity progressively increases as methanol is electrochemically depleted from the anode/electrolyte interface. The crossover maximum occurs when the current dependence of the diffusion coefficients and membrane CO2 solubility dominate over the Faradaic production of CO2. The plasticizing effect of methanol is corroborated by measurements of the rotational diffusion of TEMPONE (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone N-oxide) spin probe by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. A linear inverse relationship between the methanol crossover rate and current density confirms the absence of methanol electro-osmotic drag at concentrations relevant to operating DMFCs. The purely diffusive transport of methanol is explained in terms of current proton solvation and methanol-water incomplete mixing theories.
Comparing Primary Tumors and Metastatic Nodes in Head and Neck Cancer Using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Imaging (2013)

Pretreatment IVIM measures were feasible in investigating the physiologic differences between the 2 tumor tissues. After appropriate validation, these findings might be useful in optimizing treatment planning and improving patient care.
Analog Spike Processing with High Scalability and Low Energy Consumption Using Thermal Degree of Freedom in Phase Transition Materials (2018)

Spike integration and threshold processing are the basic signal processing in brain-inspired computing, such as deep learning, reservoir computing etc. In such processes, analog technology is essential for suppressing energy consumption. However, analog technology often faces problems in miniaturization due to deteriorated noise tolerance by scaling and intrinsically large analog elements such as capacitors. Here, we propose to exploit a thermal degree of freedom in phase transition materials for scalable and noise-tolerant analog spike processing. We focus on a two-terminal metal-insulator-transition VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> device, where quasi-adiabatic Joule heating enables efficient spike integration, and metal-insulator transition implements threshold processing. This VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> device is highly scalable, consuming only ~1fJ/spike (smallest so far) according to the simulation. By using this device, fully autonomous spike integration and threshold processing are also demonstrated. Exploiting the quasi-adiabatic thermal degree of freedom will facilitate scalable and energy-efficient analog implementation for a wide range of brain-inspired computing.
Folin-Ciocalteu method for the measurement of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (2017)

The Folin–Ciocalteu (F-C) reaction is an antioxidant assay based on electron transfer, which measures the reductive capacity of an antioxidant. It has been widely applied in determination of the total phenol/polyphenol content of plant-derived food and biological samples. Although the resulting data from food, supplements, or plant extracts cannot be extrapolated to in vivo effects in humans, the antioxidant activity measured by the F-C method in urine after a clean-up procedure has been correlated with polyphenol intake. When this method was applied in clinical and cohort studies, the results were inversely correlated with cardiovascular risk parameters, aging, and DNA oxidation.