gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On change diagnosis in evolving data streams (2005)

In recent years, the progress in hardware technology has made it possible for organizations to store and record large streams of transactional data. This results in databases which grow without limit at a rapid rate. This data can often show important changes in trends over time. In such cases, it is useful to understand, visualize, and diagnose the evolution of these trends. In this paper, we introduce the concept of velocity density estimation, a technique used to understand, visualize, and determine trends in the evolution of fast data streams. We show how to use velocity density estimation in order to create both temporal velocity profiles and spatial velocity profiles at periodic instants in time. These profiles are then used in order to predict three kinds of data evolution: dissolution, coagulation, and shift. Methods are proposed to visualize the changing data trends in a single online scan of the data stream and a computational requirement which is linear in the number of data points. The visualization techniques can also be used to provide online animations which show the changes in the data characteristics while they occur. In addition, batch processing techniques are proposed in order to quantify the level of change across different combinations of dimensions. This quantification is then used in order to determine dimensional combinations with significant evolution. The techniques discussed in this paper can be easily extended to spatiotemporal data, changes in data snapshots at fixed instances in time, or any other data which has a temporal component during its evolution.
Effects of nonlinearities on speech encoding in the auditory nerve (1980)

The representation of steady-state vowels in terms of both average rate and temporal aspects of the discharge patterns of populations of auditory-nerve fibers is discussed. The effects of auditory-nerve nonlinearities on this representation is emphasized. Aspects of two rate-related nonlinearities, rate saturation and two-tone suppression, are reviewed. At low sound levels, profiles of discharge rate versus characteristic frequency in populations of auditory-nerve fibers show well-defined peaks at frequencies corresponding to the formants of a vowel stimulus. At levels above about 60 dB SPL, these peaks are not seen because of a combination of rate saturation and two-tone suppression. Units with spontaneous rates less than 1/s show the effects of suppression more dramatically than do units with higher spontaneous rates; nonetheless, this population can retain formant peaks in its rate profiles up to levels at least 20 dB higher than does the higher spontaneous rate population. Aspects of phase-locking to tones and two-tone combinations, including synchrony suppression, are reviewed. Temporal patterns of responses to vowels are analyzed in terms of interval histograms. This analysis shows that in general, phase-locking to the formant frequencies is stronger than locking to other harmonics of the stimulus. As sound level increases, synchrony to the formant frequencies saturates. However, responses to nonformant harmonics are suppressed by responses to the formant harmonics. This synchrony suppression allows the phase-locking to the formant frequencies to remain dominant even at high levels. The exception to this behavior is locking to harmonics and intermodulation products of the first two formant frequencies (2F1, 3F1, F2-F1, etc.) which increases rapidly in amplitude at higher sound levels. These distortion products are, to some extent, a consequence of the rectification inherent in hair cell/nerve fiber transduction and may also reflect the presence of propagating combination tones.
Is Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Safe in Gombe, Nigeria? (2018)

Aim: This study compares the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and open cholecystectomy (OC) in terms of the duration of surgery, the length of hospital stay, the postoperative analgesia, and the postoperative complications, in order to determine the safety of LC in our center. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study. All patients who had cholecystectomy in Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria, between January 2012 and December 2016 were studied. Their relevant data were obtained from the records and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. t test was employed and a p value of <0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: A total of 26 patients had cholecystectomy during the period-four of them were excluded, three had additional procedures while one had incomplete records. The female-to-male ratio was 1.2:1 and the mean age was 39 years. The indications for surgery were symptomatic gallstones in all patients except in one, which was for an acalculous cholecystitis. Fifteen (68%) patients had LC while seven (32%) had OC. The mean age for LC was 38 years and for OC it was 41 years. The mean duration of procedure was 73 (17.4) minutes for LC and 92 (28.0) minutes for OC. This was not statistically significant (p value = 0.066). The mean length of hospital stay for LC was 5.8 (5.5) days and 10 (8.5) days for OC, and was equally not statistically significant (p value = 0.433). There was no difference in postoperative analgesia, no surgical site infection or mortality recorded. Conclusion: LC is very safe and has a good outcome in our environment despite our challenges. Clinical significance: LC is still nascent and has not been studied in our environment. This study affirms the safety of this procedure, but fails to establish its superiority over OC.
Pioneer transcription factor BATF controls chromatin accessibility and CTCF-mediated chromatin architecture in CD4+ T cells (2018)

Abstract Pioneer transcription factors are a unique class of proteins that access heterochromatin, facilitate chromatin accessibility, and recruit other transcription factors to regulate gene transcription. The basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like (BATF) is a critical factor for the development of T helper cell lineages. While BATF has been proposed as a pioneer factor in both T and B cells, its molecular functions are incompletely understood. In this study, we have identified a novel aspect of the pioneer function of BATF in controlling the chromatin landscape in developing effector T cells. We find that BATF is indispensable for the recruitment of chromatin-organizing complexes containing the DNA binding factor CTCF and other co-factors such as Oct1 and Ets1 to a subset of enhancer and chromatin-looping nodes during effector T cell lineage specification. Accordingly, BATF has a unique function in modulating genomic spatial organization in a CTCF-dependent manner. This study establishes BATF as a bona fide pioneer factor and provides novel insight into its role as a spatial genome organizer that modulates chromatin accessibility and initiates chromatin looping for the coordinate and differential gene expression in CD4+ T cells.
Variations of author origins in World Journal of Gastroenterology during 2001-2007 (2008)

The geographical distribution of WJG authors is wide for the past 2 years. WJG has made a step onto international publishing, and drawn even more attentions from gastroenterology researchers. Its authors are distributed over 74 countries in 6 global continents, and the journal has become the main intermediary for international gastroenterology researchers to demonstrate their research accomplishments.
Characterization of Deep Levels Introduced by RTA and by Subsequent Anneals in n-Type Silicon (2013)

In this work, deep levels introduced by RTA and by subsequent anneals in n-type silicon were studied by deep level transient spectroscopy and by photoluminescence. After annealing at 650 {degree sign}C, centers related to rod-like defects appeared. Furthermore, signals related to thermal donors were found in a wide temperature range. New thermal donors were found even after annealing at temperatures above 900 {degree sign}C. The appearance of rod-like defects indicates that during cooling after RTA soak interstitials supersaturate. The appearance of rod-like defects is accompanied by a decrease of the thermal donor concentration
STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION TO PREVENT CRACK PROPAGATION FOR CFRP CRYOGENIC TANK (2015)

We conducted structural optimizations for CFRP cryogenic propellant tank by using genetic algorithm, and proposed the structure, which can prevent crack propagation.
Expression of collagenolytic/gelatinolytic metalloproteinases by normal cornea. (1990)

Members of the gelatinase subclass of the matrix metalloproteinase family have the capacity to degrade denatured collagens of all types and native types IV, V, and VII collagens. The authors identified the metalloproteinase species of the gelatinase class produced by the cells of rabbit corneal tissue. Two different molecular forms of gelatinase, visualized as enzymatic activities, that undergo electrophoresis with different mobilities on gelatin zymograms are synthesized by corneal cells in serum-free organ culture. The enzyme species that has the slower mobility is biochemically and immunologically related to a gelatinase synthesized by macrophages and neutrophils which has been called both type IV and type V collagenase. The second gelatinase species is related to a second enzyme, the product of a different gene, which has also been called type IV collagenase. The electrophoretic mobilities of these enzymes on polyacrylamide gels indicate the inactive proenzyme forms. The authors refer to these enzymes as 92-kilodalton (kD) gelatinase and 72-kD gelatinase based on their electrophoretic mobilities under sulfhydryl-reducing conditions. In primary cell culture, corneal epithelial cells were found to synthesize predominantly the 92-kD gelatinase species whereas the 72-kD gelatinase is synthesized mostly by stromal fibroblasts. However, each cell type can produce small amounts of the other enzyme. The 72-kD gelatinase, mostly in the proenzyme form, can be extracted from the normal corneal stroma without culturing, but expression of 92-kD gelatinase can only be detected in cell or organ culture. The substrate specificities of these enzymes suggests that they may be of central importance in the degradation of the epithelial basement membrane and in formation of the epithelial defect that precedes corneal ulceration.
Site-specific Disruption of the Oct4/Sox2 Protein Interaction Reveals Coordinated Mesendodermal Differentiation and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (2016)

Although the Oct4/Sox2 complex is crucial for maintaining the pluripotency of stem cells, the molecular basis underlying its regulation during lineage-specific differentiation remains unknown. Here, we revealed that the highly conserved Oct4/Lys-156 is important for maintaining the stability of the Oct4 protein and the intermolecular salt bridge between Oct4/Lys-151 and Sox2/Asp-107 that contributes to the Oct4/Sox2 interaction. Post-translational modifications at Lys-156 and K156N, a somatic mutation detected in bladder cancer patients, both impaired the Lys-151-Asp-107 salt bridge and the Oct4/Sox2 interaction. When produced as a recombinant protein or overexpressed in pluripotent stem cells, Oct4/K156N, with reduced binding to Sox2, significantly down-regulated the stemness genes that are cooperatively controlled by the Oct4/Sox2 complex and specifically up-regulated the mesendodermal genes and the SNAIL family genes that promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, we conclude that Oct4/Lys-156-modulated Oct4/Sox2 interaction coordinately controls the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and mesendoderm specification induced by specific differentiation signals.
<title>Composite Matched Filters</title> (1980)

By making and testing matched filters representative of the various classes we wish to recognize, we can compute sums of those filters which are superior to the individual matched filters in terms of joint between-class separation and within-class insensitivity. Those new filters (composite matched filters) can be constructed by either multiple exposure holography or computer holography.
Intrauterine Smoke Exposure, microRNA Expression during Human Lung Development, and Childhood Asthma (2023)

Intrauterine smoke (IUS) exposure during early childhood has been associated with a number of negative health consequences, including reduced lung function and asthma susceptibility. The biological mechanisms underlying these associations have not been established. MicroRNAs regulate the expression of numerous genes involved in lung development. Thus, investigation of the impact of IUS on miRNA expression during human lung development may elucidate the impact of IUS on post-natal respiratory outcomes. We sought to investigate the effect of IUS exposure on miRNA expression during early lung development. We hypothesized that miRNA-mRNA networks are dysregulated by IUS during human lung development and that these miRNAs may be associated with future risk of asthma and allergy. Human fetal lung samples from a prenatal tissue retrieval program were tested for differential miRNA expression with IUS exposure (measured using placental cotinine concentration). RNA was extracted and miRNA-sequencing was performed. We performed differential expression using IUS exposure, with covariate adjustment. We also considered the above model with an additional sex-by-IUS interaction term, allowing IUS effects to differ by male and female samples. Using paired gene expression profiles, we created sex-stratified miRNA-mRNA correlation networks predictive of IUS using DIABLO. We additionally evaluated whether miRNAs were associated with asthma and allergy outcomes in a cohort of childhood asthma. We profiled pseudoglandular lung miRNA in <i>n</i> = 298 samples, 139 (47%) of which had evidence of IUS exposure. Of 515 miRNAs, 25 were significantly associated with intrauterine smoke exposure (q-value < 0.10). The IUS associated miRNAs were correlated with well-known asthma genes (e.g., ORM1-Like Protein 3, <i>ORDML3</i>) and enriched in disease-relevant pathways (oxidative stress). Eleven IUS-miRNAs were also correlated with clinical measures (e.g., Immunoglobulin E andlungfunction) in children with asthma, further supporting their likely disease relevance. Lastly, we found substantial differences in IUS effects by sex, finding 95 significant IUS-miRNAs in male samples, but only four miRNAs in female samples. The miRNA-mRNA correlation networks were predictive of IUS (AUC = 0.78 in males and 0.86 in females) and suggested that IUS-miRNAs are involved in regulation of disease-relevant genes (e.g., A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 19 (<i>ADAM19)</i>, LBH regulator of WNT signaling (<i>LBH)</i>) and sex hormone signaling (Coactivator associated methyltransferase 1(<i>CARM1)</i>). Our study demonstrated differential expression of miRNAs by IUS during early prenatal human lung development, which may be modified by sex. Based on their gene targets and correlation to clinical asthma and atopy outcomes, these IUS-miRNAs may be relevant for subsequent allergy and asthma risk. Our study provides insight into the impact of IUS in human fetal lung transcriptional networks and on the developmental origins of asthma and allergic disorders.
Helen: A Shared Chalkboard for Low-Bandwidth Networks (1997)

The volume of data handled in shared applications is sometimes very large, so it takes a long time to reflect operations in remote computers if the implementation of the system is naive, especially if the computers are connected via low-bandwidth networks. This paper describes methods to solve the above problem.
Timing- and power-driven ALU design training using spreadsheet-based arithmetic exploration (2014)

We describe master-level design training that combines ALU design exercises based on commercial synthesis tools and arithmetic explorations based on spreadsheets. Despite its limited complexity, the ALU has a few important properties that make it suitable for our training; 1) the ALU subcircuits are diverse and contain both short and long timing paths, 2) timing-driven design is called for, since the ALU is a performance bottleneck, and 3) the ALU is continuously used, making power dissipation an important design parameter. After enforcing strict timing constraints during synthesis of the ALU, the students need to reconsider how to implement the arithmetic block, which initially is too slow. Here, performing arithmetic explorations inside an innovative spreadsheet environment helps to visualize circuit implementation tradeoffs. The final phase in the design training focuses on power analysis and demonstrates that the choice of timing constraint impacts power dissipation.
Dextroamphetamine for Cocaine-Dependence Treatment: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial (2001)

A properly implemented agonist treatment regimen should improve retention and reduce illicit drug use. Cocaine-dependent subjects (N = 128) were enrolled in a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. In the multistage dosing design, subjects initially received placebo (PBO) or 15 to 30 mg of dextroamphetamine sulfate, sustained-release capsules. At week 5, the dose doubled to 30 mg or 60 mg for active groups. Subjects attended the clinic twice a week, provided urine samples, obtained medication, and had one behavioral therapy session a week. Retention was best for the 15- to 30-mg group, whereas the proportion of benzoylecgonine-positive urine screens was, from lowest to highest, 30 to 60 mg, 15 to 30 mg, and PBO at study end. Dosing must be refined. The results provide support for additional examination of the agonist model in psychostimulant-dependence treatment.
Estandarización de la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para el diagnóstico de la tripanosomosis animal causada por trypanosoma evansi (2006)

espanolExisten varios metodos para el diagnostico de la tripanosomosis equina, Trypanosoma evansi, cuya sensibilidad varia segun la etapa de la enfermedad. Recientemente, metodos moleculares como el PCR, basado en la deteccion de ADN, han mejorado el diagnostico de las parasitosis. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estandarizar, comparar y evaluar la tecnica de PCR para el diagnostico de T. evansi en un modelo experimental murido. Para ello, se infectaron ratones con el aislado TEVA1. Luego de 48 (horas) se realizo la evaluacion parasitologica por cuantificacion de Brener y por la tecnica de microhematocrito Woo. Para el diagnostico molecular se purifico el ADN genomico y se amplifico por PCR, empleando los cebadores especificos para T. evansi, ESAG 6/7, TEV1/2 y TBR1/2. Todos los cebadores evaluados rindieron el producto de amplificacion esperado, excepto en los animales sanos. Los cebadores ESAG 6/7 presentaron una sensibilidad de 1ng de ADN proveniente de parasitos purificados, y de 10ng para muestras proveniente de sangre completa. Del total de ratones infectados, 47% (n=8) resultaron positivos por el metodo de Brener, 70% (n=12) por Woo y todos por PCR (100%). Estos resultados demostraron que la PCR es mas eficiente y sensible que los metodos parasitologicos para la deteccion de T. evansi en modelo murido, cuando se presentan parasitemias muy bajas. EnglishThere are several methods to diagnose this illness, equine trypanosomiasis,caused by Trypanosoma evansi and their sensibility varies depending on thedisease stage. Recently, molecular methods, like PCR, based on DNA detectionhave improved the diagnosis of this disease. The purpose of this work was tostandardize, differentiate and evaluate the PCR technique for the diagnosis of T. evansi in an experimental murine model. Mice were infected with TEVA1.After 48 hours they were evaluated using the parasitological methods of Brenersquantification and the Woo haematocrit centrifuge technique. For moleculardiagnosis, genomic DNA was purified and amplified by PCR using primersspecific for T. evansi: ESAG 6/7, TEV1/2 y TBR1/2. All primers rendered theexpected product of amplification, except when non infected animals were used.Primers ESAG 6/7 showed a sensibility of 1ng using DNA from purifiedparasites and of 10ng using DNA from whole blood samples. From the total ofmice infected, 47% (n=8) were positive by Breners method, 70% (n=12) byWoos method, and all (100%) by the PCR technique. This result indicates thatthe PCR technique is much more efficient and sensitive than the parasitologicalmethods used for diagnosing T. evansi in a murine model when there is low concentration of parasites.
Flame Retardant Polyethylene/Organo-Nanocomposite Foams Cross-Linked by Electron Beam Irradiation (2008)

Cross-linking of low-density polyethylene (PE)/organo-nanocomposite blends by electron beam irradiation was studied with the aim of flame retarding foam production by thermal expansion. Flammability and thermal properties of the obtained foams were studied and it was found that relatively low doses up to 42.5 kGy could be used leading to a product with excellent surface appearance and flame retardancy.
Adaptive Backstepping Stabilization of Nonlinear Uncertain Systems With Quantized Input Signal (2013)

In this paper, we study a general class of strict feedback nonlinear systems, where the input signal takes quantized values. We consider a stabilization problem for nonlinear uncertain systems via adaptive backstepping approach. The control design is achieved by introducing a hysteretic quantizer to avoid chattering and using backstepping technique. A guideline is derived to select the parameters of the quantizer. The designed controller together with the quantizer ensures the stability of the closed-loop system in the sense of signal boundedness.
Transfemoral Prosthesis Suspension Systems (2014)

The purpose of this study was to find the scientific evidence pertaining to various transfemoral suspension systems to provide selection criteria for clinicians. To this end, databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were explored. The following key words, as well as their combinations and synonyms, were used for the search: transfemoral prosthesis, prosthetic suspension, lower limb prosthesis, above-knee prosthesis, prosthetic liner, transfemoral, and prosthetic socket. The study design, research instrument, sampling method, outcome measures, and protocols of articles were reviewed. On the basis of the selection criteria, 16 articles (11 prospective studies and 5 surveys) were reviewed. The main causes of reluctance to prosthesis, aside from energy expenditure, were socket-related problems such as discomfort, perspiration, and skin problems. Osseointegration was a suspension option, yet it is rarely applied because of several drawbacks, such as extended rehabilitation process, risk for fracture, and infection along with excessive cost. In conclusion, no clinical evidence was found as a "standard" system of suspension and socket design for all transfemoral amputees. However, among various suspension systems for transfemoral amputees, the soft insert or double socket was favored by most users in terms of function and comfort.