gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N‐(4‐Phenylbutyl)azacalix[3.1.1.1]arene: Self‐Inclusion of the Side Chain through CH···π Interactions (2011)

Abstract Azacalixarene 1 , with a relatively long chain substituent, can exhibit both inter‐ and intramolecular CH ··· π interactions. In the crystalline state, the 4‐phenybutyl group is included in the molecular cavity, allowing interactions between the methylene H atoms and the aromatic rings of the azacalix skeleton. In addition, similar “edge‐to‐face” interactions occur between the terminal phenyl ring and that of an adjacent molecule, thus forming a polymeric, supramolecular array of azacalixarene molecules. In solution, the 4‐phenylbutyl arm adopts two orientations, one included in the calix cavity, one not, giving rise to isomers describable as exo and endo conformers. Characterization of the exo / endo equilibrium as a function of temperature by 1 H NMR spectroscopy enabled estimation of the enthalpy difference favoring inclusion attributed to the intracavity CH ··· π interactions.
All optical logic performance of quantum dot semiconductor amplifier-based devices (2006)

The performances of all-optical logic gates AND, OR, XOR, NOT based on quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD SOA) devices have been simulated. The saturation power, optical gain and optical phase response of a QD SOA has been analyzed numerically using a rate equation model of quantum dots embedded in a wetting layer. The calculated response is used to model the performance of the logic gates. Impacts of injection current and the input signal power on system quality factor have been studied. For the parameters used in this paper, all-optical logic gates using QD-SOA is capable of operating at speeds of ~ 250Gb/s.
Spin Manipulation of Free Two-Dimensional Electrons inSi/SiGeQuantum Wells (2005)

Understanding the mechanisms controlling the spin coherence of electrons in semiconductors is essential for designing structures for quantum computing applications. Using a pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer, we measure spin echoes and deduce a spin coherence time (T2) of up to 3 mus for an ensemble of free two-dimensional electrons confined in a Si/SiGe quantum well. The decoherence can be understood in terms of momentum scattering causing fluctuating effective Rashba fields. Further confining the electrons into a nondegenerate (other than spin) ground state of a quantum dot can be expected to eliminate this decoherence mechanism.
Personalization and Optimization of Information Retrieval: Adaptive Semantic Layer Approach. (2016)

This work describes the idea of an adaptive semantic layer for large-scale databases, allowing to effectively handling a large amount of information. This effect is reached by providing an opportunity to search information on the basis of generalized concepts, or in other words, linguistic descriptions. These concepts are formulated by the user in natural language, and modelled by fuzzy sets, defined on the universum of the significances of the attributes of the database. After adjustment of user’s concepts based on search results, we have “personalized semantics” for all terms which particular person uses for communications with database (for example, “young person” will be different for teenager and for old person; “good restaurant” will be different for people with different income, age, etc.).
An immune-algorithm-based dead-time elimination PWM control strategy in a single-phase inverter (2013)

In this paper, an immune algorithm is developed for optimization of the harmonic performance of a single-phase inverter under a novel dead-time elimination PWM control strategy. The proposed scheme is based on the division of reference current and constraining switching states, and executes the conventional dead-time elimination in most of the reference current fundamental period but switches to the novel dead-time elimination around the zero crossing point. Meanwhile, the presented algorithm employs the immune approach as the search method for finding the best optimal control sequence to minimize the objective function (OB) of the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the output voltage waveforms. Additionally, an experimental platform based on DSP and FPGA is built. The simulation and experimental results verify the best dead-time elimination control sequences generated by IA compared with the existing conventional control strategies, not only effectively and safely eliminate the effect of dead-time, but also significantly reduce the output waveforms of THD and increase the amplitude of the fundamental voltage.
The Relative Impact of Ghosting and Noise on the Perceived Quality of MR Images (2016)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is vulnerable to a variety of artifacts, which potentially degrade the perceived quality of MR images and, consequently, may cause inefficient and/or inaccurate diagnosis. In general, these artifacts can be classified as structured or unstructured depending on the correlation of the artifact with the original content. In addition, the artifact can be white or colored depending on the flatness of the frequency spectrum of the artifact. In current MR imaging applications, design choices allow one type of artifact to be traded off with another type of artifact. Hence, to support these design choices, the relative impact of structured versus unstructured or colored versus white artifacts on perceived image quality needs to be known. To this end, we conducted two subjective experiments. Clinical application specialists rated the quality of MR images, distorted with different types of artifacts at various levels of degradation. The results demonstrate that unstructured artifacts deteriorate quality less than structured artifacts, while colored artifacts preserve quality better than white artifacts.
Preventing Capsular Contracture in Breast Augmentation: In Search of the Holy Grail (1999)

Rohrich, Rod J. M.D.; Kenkel, Jeffrey M. M.D.; Adams, William P. M.D. Author Information
Inhomogeneous anisotropic percolation: Two-dimensional numerical threshold analysis (1994)

Monte Carlo simulations of percolation on a square lattice with anisotropic inhomogeneous probability distribution are reported. Finite-size scaling is used for data analysis. As inhomogeneity increases, the critical probability decreases; whereas the correlation-length exponent remains, within computation errors, the same as in classical two-dimensional percolation.
Introducing 3G like Conversational Services in GERAN Packet Data Networks (2005)

In this paper a technical analysis as well as measurement results from a test bed activity have been presented demonstrating the feasibility of 3G-like conversational and multimedia services (such as video telephony, VoDP and push to talk) over a GERAN packet data network. Both conversational QoS requirements and network latency constraints have been deeply investigated and specifically addressed. The end-to-end (E)GPRS network performance has been analyzed in terms of one-way mobile-to-mobile transfer delay depending on IP packet size, radio conditions/applied coding scheme and especially taking into account the benefits of the upcoming extended uplink TBF feature. An extensive experimental study on an existing 3GPP Release 4/5 compliant (E)GPRS network has been carried out assuming different real world scenarios. Measurement results for ping, voice and packet video services have been provided and analyzed. The extended uplink TBF feature significantly improves the mobile originated ping to a network server as a fundamental metric and key performance indicator from 460 ms down to 260 ms. Furthermore a typical mobile-to-mobile audio packet delay of roughly 300 ms to 350 ms as well as video packet delay in the order of 450 ms to 650 ms have been obtained resulting in an acceptable voice and video perception. Hence seamless conversational and multimedia services are feasible both in UMTS and - with some tolerable performance degradation - as well in GERAN packet switched data networks currently deployed in the field all over the world leading to an important convergence of 2G and 3G networks, services and solutions.
Study of Anisotropy Effect in Planar Lenses for Integrated Optics (1988)

Abstract The extraordinary-ray ray-tracing method for planar waveguides on uniaxial crystals is developed. Using the method and the extended equivalence principle, the effect of anisotropy on the performance of planar lenses is investigated in detail. The agreement between theoretical and experimental results is very good.
The Functional Role of Interface Tissue Engineering in Annulus Fibrosus Repair: Bridging Mechanisms of Hydrogel Integration with Regenerative Outcomes (2020)

Hydrogels are extraordinarily versatile by design and can enhance repair in diseased and injured musculoskeletal tissues. Biological fixation of these constructs is a significant determinant factor that is critical to the clinical success and functionality of regenerative technologies for musculoskeletal repair. In the context of an intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation, nucleus pulposus tissue protrudes through the ruptured annulus fibrosus (AF), consequentially impinging on spinal nerve roots and causing debilitating pain. Discectomy is the surgical standard of care to treat symptomatic herniation; however these procedures do not repair AF defects, and these lesions are a significant risk factor for recurrent herniation. Advances in tissue engineering utilize adhesive hydrogels as AF sealants; however these repair strategies have yet to progress beyond preclinical animal models because these biomaterials are often plagued by poor integration with AF tissue and lead to large variability in repair outcomes. These critical barriers to translation motivate this article to review the material composition of hydrogels that have been evaluated <i>in situ</i> for AF repair, proposed mechanisms of how these biomaterials interface with AF tissue, and their functional outcomes after treatment in order to inform the development of new hydrogels for AF repair. In this systematic review, we identify 18 hydrogel formulations evaluated for AF repair, all of which demonstrate large heterogeneity in their interfacing mechanisms and reported outcome measures to assess the effectiveness of repair. Hydrogels that covalently bond to AF tissue were found to be the most successful in improving IVD biomechanical properties from the injured state, but none were able to restore properties to the intact state suggesting that new repair strategies with innovative surface chemistries are an important future direction. We additionally review biomechanical evaluation methods and recommend standardization in the field of AF tissue engineering to establish mechanical benchmarks for translation and ensure clinical feasibility.
Authentic compound-free strategy for simultaneous determination of primary coumarins in Peucedani Radix using offline high performance liquid chromatography–nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy–tandem mass spectrometry (2018)

Herein, a strategy is proposed for the simultaneous determination of primary coumarins in Peucedani Radix (Chinese name: Qianhu). The methodology consists of three consecutive steps: 1) Semi-preparative LC in combination with a home-made automated fraction collection module to fragment the universal metabolome standard into ten fractions (Frs. I-X); 2) LC-accurate MS/MS and quantitative <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy conducted in parallel to acquire the qualitative and quantitative data of each fraction; 3) Robust identification and quantification of components by use of LC coupled to multiple reaction monitoring. In this final step, the most significant fractions (Frs. III-X) were pooled to serve as the pseudo-mixed standard solution. Meticulous online parameter optimization was performed to obtain the optimal parameters, including ion transitions and collision energies. Concerns were particularly paid onto pursuing the parameters being capable of monitoring <i>regio</i>-specific isomers, notably praeruptorin E <i>vs.</i> 3'-isovaleryl-4'-angeloylkhellactone. The quantitative performance of the method was validated according to diverse assays. Eleven primary coumarins (<b>1</b>-<b>11</b>) were unambiguously identified and absolutely quantified, even though no external reference compound was used. Above all, the integrated strategy not only provides a feasible pipeline for the quality assessment of Peucedani Radix, but more importantly, shows the potential for authentic compound-free quantitative evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines.
The human IL-15 superagonist ALT-803 directs SIV-specific CD8+ T cells into B-cell follicles (2018)

Sequestering of latent HIV in follicular helper T cells within B-cell follicles that largely exclude cytotoxic T cells is a major barrier to cellular immune-based approaches to eradicate HIV. Here, we show that the clinical-grade human interleukin-15 (IL-15) superagonist ALT-803 activates and redirects simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells from the peripheral blood into B-cell follicles. In agreement with the increased trafficking of SIV-specific cytotoxic T cells to sites of cryptic viral replication, lymph nodes of elite controlling macaques contained fewer cells expressing SIV RNA or harboring SIV DNA post-ALT-803 treatment. These data establish ALT-803 as an immunotherapeutic for HIV and other chronic viral pathogens that evade host immunity by persisting in B-cell follicles.
Enhancement of the Stark effect in AlInAs/GaInAs coupled quantum wells and their application to tunable midinfrared photodetectors (1994)

A tunable midinfrared photodetector using 1→4 intersubband Stark shift in the four-level AlInAs/GaInAs coupled quantum wells (CQWs) is proposed. The operation of this device is based on the infrared absorption by the electrons in the ground state transited from the ground-state subband E1 of the CQWs to the third-excited-state subband E4. A large variation of eigenenergy spacing ΔE41 between E1 and E4 under an applied electric field can be achieved for the proposed AlInAs/GaInAs CQW system. Since the infrared radiation is absorbed via the intersubband resonance absorption (ℏω=E4−E1), the detected infrared wavelength can be tuned by the spacing ΔE41 which can be adjusted by an applied electric field. The tunability of these AlInAs/GaInAs CQWs have been studied theoretically. Based on theoretical calculations, tuning ranges from 3 to 3.9 and 2.9 to 4.2 μm are predicted for the proposed asymmetric CQW structure and compositionally asymmetric CQW structure, respectively. This tuning capability is achieved by varying the applied electric field in the 90 to −90 kV/cm range.
<title>Perceptual watermarks for digital images and video</title> (1999)

The growth of new imaging technologies has created a need for techniques that can be used for copyright protection of digital images. One approach for copyright protection is to introduce an invisible signal known as a digital watermark in the image. In this paper, we describe digital image watermarking techniques known as perceptually watermarks that are designed to exploit aspects of the human visual system in order to produce a transparent, yet robust watermark.
Possible Mechanisms of Sudden Death and Hemoconcentration Induced by Endothelin-1 and Big Endothelin-1 in Mice. (1994)

We investigated the profiles of sudden death and hemoconcentration induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1) and big endothelin-1 (big ET-1) in mice using various compounds as pharmacological tools. In ET-1-induced sudden death (5 nmol/kg, i.v.), pretreatment with the Ca(2+)-channel blockers, diltiazem, nifedipine or verapamil at a dose of 2 mg/kg, i.v. significantly inhibited the mortality and prolonged the latency to death. These Ca(2+)-channel blockers, however, failed to inhibit the rise in hematocrit (Ht), namely hemoconcentration, induced by ET-1 (2.5 nmol/kg). A beta-adrenoceptor agonist, isoproterenol (1 mg/kg) tended to prolong the latency, whereas, a beta-adrenoceptor blocker, propranolol (2 mg/kg), and an alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocker, labetalol (5 mg/kg), aggravated the sudden death. Esculetin (10 mg/kg) and fenbufen (10 mg/kg), which are enzyme inhibitors in the arachidonate cascade, prevented only the hemoconcentration. Anti-arrhythmic drugs, lidocaine (1 mg/kg) and disopyramide (20 mg/kg) did not improve any parameters. Big ET-1 also caused sudden death (20 and 25 nmol/kg, i.v.) and hemoconcentration (10 nmol/kg, i.v.). Of several proteinase inhibitors, only a metalloproteinase inhibitor, phosphoramidon (2 mg/kg i.v.), prevented the sudden death and the hemoconcentration induced by big ET-1 but not by ET-1. Ca(2+)-channel blockers exerted their protective effects only when a lower dose of big ET-1 was employed. These results indicate that the sudden death caused by both peptide is mainly due to myocardial ischemia and respiratory disorder, and that hemoconcentration caused by them is due to their vasoconstrictor action but to their effects on the vascular permeability via secondary endogenous factors.
Calibration Of The Berkeley EUV Airglow Rocket Spectrometer (1989)

The Berkeley Extreme-ultraviolet Airglow Rocket Spectrometer (BEARS), a multi-instrument sounding rocket pay-load, made comprehensive measurements of the Earth&apos;s dayglow. The primary instruments consisted of two near normal Rowland mount spectrometers: one channel to measure several atomic oxygen features at high spectral resolution (~ 1.5 &Aring;) in the band passes of 980 - 1040 and 1300 - 1360 &hArr; and the other to measure EUV dayglow and the solar EUV simultaneously in a much broader bandpass (250 - 1150 &Aring;) at moderate resolution (~10 &Aring;). The payload also included a hydrogen Lyman a photometer to monitor the solar irradiance and geocoronal emissions. The instrument was calibrated at the EUV calibration facility at the University of California at Berkeley, and was subsequently launched successfully on September 30, 1988 aboard a four stage experimental sounding rocket, Black Brant XII flight 12.041 WT. The calibration procedure and resulting data is presented.
Biochemistry of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Affinity labeling and identification of the deoxynucleoside triphosphate binding domain of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. (1988)

Using the technique of UV-mediated cross-linking of nucleotides to their acceptor sites (Modak, M. J., and Gillerman-Cox, E. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 15105-15109), we have labeled calf terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) with [32P]dTTP. The specificity of dTTP cross-linking at the substrate binding site in TdT is demonstrated by the competitive inhibition of the cross-linking reaction by other deoxynucleoside triphosphates, and ATP and its analogues, requiring concentrations consistent with their kinetic constants. Tryptic peptide mapping of the [32P]dTTP-labeled enzyme showed the presence of a single radioactive peptide fraction that contained the site of dTTP cross-linking. The amino acid composition and sequence analysis of the radioactive peptide fraction revealed it to contain two tryptic peptides, spanning residues 221-231 and 234-249. Since these two peptides were covalently linked to dTTP, the region encompassed by them constitutes a substrate binding domain in TdT. Further proteolytic digestion of the tryptic peptide-dTTP complex, using V8 protease, yielded a smaller peptide, and its analysis narrowed the substrate binding domain to 14 amino acids corresponding to residues 224-237 in the primary amino acid sequence of TdT. Furthermore, 2 cysteine residues, Cys-227 and Cys-234, within this domain were found to be involved in the cross-linking of dTTP, suggesting their participation in the process of substrate binding in TdT.
Resting spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and cardiac autonomic control in anabolic androgenic steroid users (2018)

Our results provide evidence for lower baroreflex sensitivity and sympathovagal imbalance in anabolic androgenic steroid users. Moreover, anabolic androgenic steroid users showed arterial stiffness. Together, these alterations might be the mechanisms triggering the increased blood pressure in this population.
Ballistocardiography &#x2014; A method worth revisiting (2011)

The field of ballistocardiography seems to be enjoying a recent resurgence, most notably through the development of novel technologies and signal processing methods for measurement and analysis. After the method almost vanished in the late 80's and 90's, it is reasonable to wonder what is different this time, and if the technique has now more chances of becoming what its pioneer always wanted - a widespread clinical tool. This paper is an effort to compare and contrast this novel wave of research (notably in the context of the authors' own work). It also suggests that the new approaches have several key differences with past embodiments that place them in a good position to address some specific issues such as cardiac resynchronization therapy device optimization or congestive heart failure monitoring. This optimism is largely fed by the recent technological advances enabling the measurement of the BCG unobtrusively, frequently, at home or in a hospital, and by a re-focus on monitoring and trending applications.
Male Infertility (2008)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Aug 2008Male Infertility Craig NiederbergerM.D. Craig NiederbergerCraig Niederberger More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2008.04.126AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 180Issue 2August 2008Page: 655-657 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Craig Niederberger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Real-time content-based processing of multicast video (2002)

The access of high bandwidth multimedia data is generally limited to the network due to the limited network resources, inefficient indexing mechanism and less of semantic interpretations. Currently, most content-based video content representation involves the segmentation and indexing of video based on scene change and camera/object motion, and such research generally performs off-line video processing. Little research has been done on on-line video processing, which is crucial in video communication applications such as video conferencing, video multicasting and on-line video browsing and retrieval. This research investigates real-time content-based processing of multicast video over the Internet. New on-line video feature extraction schemes, such as scene change detection, on-line key frame classification, are considered to meet the requirement of real-time video multicasting filtering based on the user's profile over the Internet. The annotation and features extracted from a multicast videoconference bitstream by the on-line video content analysis proxies, which are using the proposed video processing algorithms, are output to a separate metadata channel for the further assistance of semantic multicasting of video content. The performance of the proposed algorithms is also demonstrated.
Neural network PID controller optimized by GA (2005)

A neural network PID controller optimized by an improved genetic algorithm(GA) was presented. In this new algorithm, a special fitness function on the basis of the controller performance and adapted crossover and mutation probability were designed. And an improved immigration method was introduced so that premature convergence can be avoided and population diversity can be maintained. The improved GA ensures that the obtained parameters are optimal. And the proposed method provides a design approach for controller parameter optimization to nonlinear plants. Simulation results show that the improved algorithm possesses satisfied performance and strong robustness.