gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Method for reduction of metal artifacts in dental CT images by use of frequency analysis (2010)

CAD (Computer Aided Diagnosis) system that has 3-D viewer function to display the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) image has been developed in recent years. Now, the function of CAD system for artificial implant to which development is advanced includes the removal of artifact in the input DICOM image, region extraction of bone, major vessel, and nerve and mounting of function to presume place where implant is stricken. However, it is still required a software with high performance because of taking the processing time to do a series of operation before simulating by the strike of the implant on the operation on a clinical site. In this paper, we propose the function to extract the area of bone separately for teeth and mandibles automatically as addition to the system that can do a series of operation before simulating by the strike of the implant. In addition, we proposed also the function to extract each tooth separately. The main aim of this paper is to develop the integrative system for the dental screening that can be operated in a personal computer.
Does anycast hang up on you? (2017)

Anycast-based services today are widely used commercially, with several major providers serving thousands of important websites. However, to our knowledge, there has been only limited study of how often anycast fails because routing changes interrupt connections between users and their current anycast site. While the commercial success of anycast CDNs means anycast usually works well, do some users end up shut out of anycast? In this paper we examine data from more than 9000 geographically distributed vantage points (VPs) to 11 anycast services to evaluate this question. Our contribution is the analysis of this data to provide the first quantification of this problem, and to explore where and why it occurs. We see that about 1% of VPs are anycast unstable, reaching a different anycast site frequently (sometimes every query). Flips back and forth between two sites in 10 seconds are observed in selected experiments for given service and VPs. Moreover, we show that anycast instability is persistent for some VPs - a few VPs never see a stable connections to certain anycast services during a week or even longer. The vast majority of VPs only saw unstable routing towards one or two services instead of instability with all services, suggesting the cause of the instability lies somewhere in the path to the anycast sites. Finally, we point out that for highly-unstable VPs, their probability to hit a given site is constant, which means the flipping are happening at a fine granularity - per packet level, suggesting load balancing might be the cause to anycast routing flipping. Our findings confirm the common wisdom that anycast almost always works well, but provide evidence that a small number of locations in the Internet where specific anycast services are never stable.
Continuous Flow Synthesis of ACE Inhibitors From N‐Substituted l‐Alanine Derivatives (2019)

A strategy for the continuous flow synthesis of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is described. An optimization effort guided by in situ IR analysis resulted in a general amide coupling approach facilitated by N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) activation that was further characterized by reaction kinetics analysis in batch. The three-step continuous process was demonstrated by synthesizing 8 different ACE inhibitors in up to 88 % yield with throughputs in the range of ≈0.5 g h<sup>-1</sup> , all while avoiding both isolation of reactive intermediates and process intensive reaction conditions. The process was further developed by preparing enalapril, a World Health Organization (WHO) essential medicine, in an industrially relevant flow platform that scaled throughput to ≈1 g h<sup>-1</sup> .
TIMING 2.0: high-throughput single-cell profiling of dynamic cell–cell interactions by time-lapse imaging microscopy in nanowell grids (2018)

Abstract Motivation Automated profiling of cell–cell interactions from high-throughput time-lapse imaging microscopy data of cells in nanowell grids (TIMING) has led to fundamental insights into cell–cell interactions in immunotherapy. This application note aims to enable widespread adoption of TIMING by (i) enabling the computations to occur on a desktop computer with a graphical processing unit instead of a server; (ii) enabling image acquisition and analysis to occur in the laboratory avoiding network data transfers to/from a server and (iii) providing a comprehensive graphical user interface. Results On a desktop computer, TIMING 2.0 takes 5 s/block/image frame, four times faster than our previous method on the same computer, and twice as fast as our previous method (TIMING) running on a Dell PowerEdge server. The cell segmentation accuracy (f-number = 0.993) is superior to our previous method (f-number = 0.821). A graphical user interface provides the ability to inspect the video analysis results, make corrective edits efficiently (one-click editing of an entire nanowell video sequence in 5–10 s) and display a summary of the cell killing efficacy measurements. Availability and implementation Open source Python software (GPL v3 license), instruction manual, sample data and sample results are included with the Supplement (https://github.com/RoysamLab/TIMING2). Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Power Load Forecasting Based on Improved Elman Neural Network (2018)

In order to reduce the economic loss of power plants, it is necessary to improve the forecasting accuracy of power generation. In this paper, the Elman Neural Network (ENN) is used to predict the short term load of the power grid. And the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm are adopted to optimize the parameters. SA is introduced into the PSO with hybridization and Gaussian mutation. The SA can jump out of the local optimal solution, prevent the PSO algorithm from falling into the local minimum value, and improve the global optimization ability. In this paper, the fusion algorithm is deduced and proved. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better predictive precision and generalization ability than the traditional ENN.
An Application of Computer Graphics and Networks to Anatomic Model and Prosthesis Manufacturing (1987)

Computer graphics has now matured in medical applications from 2D and 3D presentations for diagnosis and the planning of surgery and therapy to become the key step in making hand-held models of custom prostheses. The system described here delivers 3D shape information to create skeletal models, plan corrective surgery, and directly manufacture prostheses. Implants and anatomic models are manufactured using computed tomography (CT) image data and a system to generate Instructions for numerically controlled machines. The system combines clinical imaging, an algorithm for 3D edge detection, computer communications, and computer-aided and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). This integration of technologies brings recent advances in computer-aided design and manufacturing to the local community CT scanning clinic in a cost-effective manner. Via computer communications, several hundred remote medical imaging centers can have their CT scanners connected on-line to CAD/CAM facilities that one could not support alone. Operators of the remote CT scanners bear only the cost of computer communications equipment to being their patients this service. We use the clinical course of several patients in whom prostheses have been implanted to describe this technology.
Turning With Abrasive-Waterjets—A First Investigation (1987)

Quantitative and qualitative results of a novel turning technique that employs abrasive-waterjets as cutting tools are presented. These jets are formed by mixing abrasive particles with a high-velocity (up to 600 m/s) waterjet in a specially designed mixing nozzle. Samples of magnesium boron carbide metal matrix composite, aluminum and glass were turned with the abrasive-waterjet tool. The effects of different parameters on the turning results are discussed. In general, the results illustrate the great potential of this technique to produce near-net-shape parts at fast material removal rates. Efforts for further research and optimization are discussed.
Physical Intelligence and Thermodynamic Computing (2017)

This paper proposes that intelligent processes can be completely explained by thermodynamic principles. They can equally be described by information-theoretic principles that, from the standpoint of the required optimizations, are functionally equivalent. The underlying theory arises from two axioms regarding distinguishability and causality. Their consequence is a theory of computation that applies to the only two kinds of physical processes possible&amp;mdash;those that reconstruct the past and those that control the future. Dissipative physical processes fall into the first class, whereas intelligent ones comprise the second. The first kind of process is exothermic and the latter is endothermic. Similarly, the first process dumps entropy and energy to its environment, whereas the second reduces entropy while requiring energy to operate. It is shown that high intelligence efficiency and high energy efficiency are synonymous. The theory suggests the usefulness of developing a new computing paradigm called Thermodynamic Computing to engineer intelligent processes. The described engineering formalism for the design of thermodynamic computers is a hybrid combination of information theory and thermodynamics. Elements of the engineering formalism are introduced in the reverse-engineer of a cortical neuron. The cortical neuron provides perhaps the simplest and most insightful example of a thermodynamic computer possible. It can be seen as a basic building block for constructing more intelligent thermodynamic circuits.
A151: Pediatric Rheumatology Care and Outcomes Improvement Network Demonstrates Performance Improvement on Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Quality Measures (2014)

Background/Purpose: Pediatric Rheumatology Care and Outcomes Improvement Network (PR‐COIN) is a multi‐site learning network designed to improve outcomes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) care. Teams collect point of care data on measures of process of care and outcomes of care for the purposes of analysis to guide improvement activities. Eleven North American pediatric rheumatology centers participate. This report illustrates our improvement in several JIA process quality measures (QMs). Methods: Process of care QMs targeted for improvement include measurement of: arthritis‐related pain, physician global assessment, joint count, health‐related quality of life, physical function, as well as screening for uveitis, medication toxicity, and tuberculosis per guidelines. Outcome measures for JIA include clinical inactive disease, clinical remission on and off medications, no or mild pain level, and optimal physical functioning. Network goals were determined for each process and outcome measure. Data are collected with IRB approval and informed consent, and the shared registry for data entry is the ACR's Rheumatology Clinical Registry. Site‐specific and aggregate data are analyzed and displayed monthly via statistical process control charts allowing PR‐COIN to track performance over time. Individual centers use established quality improvement methodology to reach and exceed pre‐determined goals. Results: Data from 5112 encounters for 1134 JIA patients have been collected since April 2011. QMs with performance meeting or exceeding initial goals include documentation of complete joint count and measurement of arthritis‐related pain. For PR‐COIN network as a collective unit, QMs improved in six processes—measurement of functional ability, completion of ongoing medication toxicity labs, documentation of complete joint count, medication counseling for newly prescribed DMARDs, documentation of annual medication counseling, and measurement of health‐related quality of life. All of these measures had a shift above the baseline mean, demonstrating special cause. In addition, five sites have demonstrated individual improvement in at least one process QM. Conclusion: PR‐COIN sites are collectively and individually demonstrating significant improvements in JIA process of care QMs. Quality improvement efforts in PR‐COIN are ongoing with the goal of improving the outcome for patients with JIA.
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells: regulating host–commensal bacteria interactions in inflammation and cancer (2015)

A delicate balance exists between the mammalian immune system and normally beneficial commensal bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract, which is necessary to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of these interactions between the host and commensal bacteria is causally associated with chronic inflammation and the development of cancer. In contrast, recent reports have highlighted that commensal bacteria also play an essential role in promoting anti-tumor immune responses in several contexts, highlighting a paradox whereby interactions between the host and commensal bacteria can influence both pro- and anti-tumor immunity. Given the critical roles for group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in regulating inflammation, tissue repair and host-microbe interactions in the intestine, here we discuss new evidence that ILC3s may profoundly influence the development, progression and control of tumors. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in understanding the impact of commensal bacteria on tumorigenesis, discuss recent findings identifying ILC3s as critical regulators of host-microbe interactions and highlight the emerging role of this immune cell population in cancer and their potential implication as a therapeutic target.
Function-defined shape metamorphoses in VRML (2005)

In this paper we propose FVRML---a function-based extension of Virtual Reality Modeling Language which allows for time-dependent shape modeling on the web. Shape's geometry, 3D texture, color and transformations changing through time can be defined with analytical functions typed straight in VRML code. FVRML allows us to greatly extend the abilities of VRML with a very intuitive approach to shape modeling based on using analytical functions. Several functions can be combined into one using java scripts emulated in FVRML, which allows for even greater flexibility and convenience of shape modeling.
All-Digital Transmitter Architecture Based on Two-Path Parallel 1-bit High Pass Filtering DACs (2018)

This paper presents a novel transmitter architecture which is tailored for low power, all-digital, and high speed implementation. It is based on two-path parallel digital-to-analog converters (DAC) which are driven by 180° phase-shifted clocks. The architecture operates in high pass mode and extends the output carrier frequency up to half the DAC clock rate. To decrease the number of analog unit current cells in the converter, a lowpass ΔΣ-modulator is used. Since the modulator also converts the input resolution to 1-bit, an inherently-linear digital-to-analog conversion is realized by embedding filtering in the DAC. Furthermore, the finite impulse response DAC transfer function is designed to cancel the ΔΣ-modulator quantization noise. Simulation results at system level demonstrate the robustness of the architecture against random coefficient mismatches, and its suitability for broadband transmissions. The error vector magnitude of the quadrature output is simulated for up to 15% random coefficient mismatch and it maintains a value below -22 dB even when the input signal bandwidths vary from 20 MHz (64-subcarrier OFDM) to 160 MHz (512-subcarrier OFDM). Experimental results are presented to discuss the validity of the proposed all-digital transmitter architecture and to highlight the challenges of implementing it in advanced CMOS nodes.
Table S1 from Germline DNA Sequencing Reveals Novel Mutations Predictive of Overall Survival in a Cohort of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Patient characteristics with statistical comparison between sequenced and unsequenced cohorts among 233 patients.&lt;/p&gt;
Defect-State-Absorption Photocurrent in PN-Diode-Integrated Silicon Microring Resonators (2013)

We report defect-state-absorption photocurrent in PN-diode-integrated silicon microrings at 1550 nm. We demonstrate a cavity-enhanced responsivity of 3.1 mA/W upon 0 V, and 173 mA/W upon -10 V with a 3dB bandwidth of 10 GHz.
Telomerase from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is active in vitro as a monomer (2009)

A system for isolation of yeast telomerase via RNA affinity tag in TLC1 RNA was developed. Streptavidin aptamer was inserted at two different positions in TLC1 RNA. Telomerase with TLC1 RNA with one of these inserts is functional in vivo and can be isolated by affinity chromatography in vitro. A telomerase preparation isolated using this technique from a strain producing two distinguishable TLC1 RNA molecules (with and without aptameric insertion) resulted in isolation of active telomerase containing only TLC1 RNA with the aptamer. Our results indicate that yeast telomerase is active in vitro as a monomer.
Xanthostatin, a New Antibiotic (1987)

Journal Article Xanthostatin, a New Antibiotic Get access Xing-Chun Cheng, Xing-Chun Cheng Shanghai Pesticide Research Institute, Shanghai, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tsuyoshi Kihara, Tsuyoshi Kihara Riken, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351–01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroo Kusakabe, Hiroo Kusakabe Riken, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351–01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ren-Pin Fang, Ren-Pin Fang Shanghai Pesticide Research Institute, Shanghai, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Zher-Fu Ni, Zher-Fu Ni Shanghai Pesticide Research Institute, Shanghai, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yin-Chu Shen, Yin-Chu Shen Shanghai Pesticide Research Institute, Shanghai, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Keido Ko, Keido Ko Riken, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351–01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Isamu Yamaguchi, Isamu Yamaguchi Riken, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351–01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kiyoshi Isono Kiyoshi Isono Riken, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351–01, Japan To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 51, Issue 1, 1 January 1987, Pages 279–281, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1987.10867987 Published: 01 January 1987 Article history Received: 21 August 1986 Published: 01 January 1987
Accurate Measurement of the Photon Flux Received Inside Two Continuous Flow Microphotoreactors by Actinometry (2014)

Abstract In this study, the photon flux received in two continuous flow microphotoreactors was measured by actinometry (potassium ferrioxalate). The microphotoreactors had two different geometries and were irradiated by either a polychromatic or a monochromatic light source. A model considering the partial absorption of photons through the reactor depth and, if required, the polychromatic character of the light source and the dependence of the actinometer properties on the wavelength were formulated to describe the variation of the actinometer conversion with the irradiation time. The photon flux received in the microphotoreactors could be thus accurately calculated as a function of the emitted wavelength. The same methodology was then applied to measure the photon flux received in a batch immersion well photoreactor. The radiant power received in each photoreactor was compared to that emitted by the lamp and major differences were found, thus confirming the need for this kind of in situ measurement. Finally, some guidelines based on a knowledge of the photon flux were proposed to compare various photoreactors. They revealed in particular that the choice of the most efficient photoreactor depended on the criteria chosen to evaluate the performances (i.e. productivity, Space Time Yield).
<title>Nature of noise in 2D phase unwrapping</title> (1996)

This paper reviews the concept of noise in 2D phase unwrapping of SAR interferograms. It is shown that phase gradient estimates derived as wrapped phase differences of adjacent samples are biased, leading to an underestimation of phase slopes. Hence, linear estimators like least squares methods operating on such gradient estimates tend to globally distort the reconstructed terrain. The slope bias is quantified as a function of coherence and number of looks both theoretically and via simulations. The particular type of noise under discussion also may lead to impulse-like errors in the phase unwrapped by a linear method. In order to avoid these errors the support of reconstruction must be restricted in the same way as with so-called branch-cut methods.
Hydrocarbon Impacts on Diesel HCCI Engine Cycles (2009)

Thermal efficiency and NOx emission comparisons are made between the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and the conventional diesel cycles on a number of common-rail diesel engine platforms of high compression ratios with conventional diesel fuel and dimethyl ether as a surrogate fuel. The empirical studies have been conducted under independently controlled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), intake boost, and exhaust backpressure. The energy relevance of the combustible substances such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon species in the engine exhaust has been evaluated quantitatively. However, the impact of the hydrocarbons produced during the HCCI cycles on the attainment of ultra low levels of NOx is less understood and it is unclear if the hydrocarbon species are a precursor to the ultra low NOx and also contribute in part to the NOx reduction. Therefore, the chemical impact of the hydrocarbon species on the NOx emission under low temperature combustion cycles has been examined with crank-angle resolved in-cylinder sampling techniques and fast-response emission analyzers. This paper intends to identify the major impacts of the hydrocarbons on the fuel efficiency and emissions of diesel HCCI cycles.
Improved stability of long-duration sitting in spatial neglect after a single session of prism adaptation (2020)

Spatial neglect after right brain stroke affects balance, and improvements in sitting balance after prism adaptation have been demonstrated using short-duration center of pressure (CoP) data. We present long-duration (5 min) CoP and trunk muscles electromyography recordings of a 61-year-old man with left-sided spatial neglect, before and after a single session of prism adaptation. His CoP-derived measures showed improved balance and postural stability in both the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions after prism adaptation. Concurrently, asymmetry in neuromuscular activations was reduced. The findings suggest that improved sitting balance may be associated with more symmetrical activation of trunk muscles after prism adaptation.
Morphology and Anatomic Patellar Instability Risk Factors in First-Time Traumatic Lateral Patellar Dislocations: A Prospective Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Skeletally Immature Children (2016)

There was a significant difference in mean values of all established APIFs between the children with a first-time LPD and the controls. Trochlear dysplasia was the main APIF, and together with lateral patellar tilt (≥20°), they had the strongest association with LPD.