gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The microRNA miR-29a is associated with human immunodeficiency virus latency (2014)

Latent reservoirs of HIV-1 provide a major challenge to its cure. There are increasing reports of interplay between HIV-1 replication and host miRNAs. Several host miRNAs, which potentially target the nef-3′LTR region of HIV-1 RNA, including miR-29a, are proposed to promote latency. We used two established cellular models of HIV-1 latency – the U1 monocytic and J1.1 CD4+ T cell lines to show an inverse relationship between HIV-1 replication and miR-29a levels, which was mediated by the HIV-1 Nef protein. Using a miR-29a responsive luciferase reporter plasmid, an expression plasmid and an anti-miR29a LNA, we further demonstrate increased miR-29a levels during latency and reduced levels following active HIV replication. Finally, we show that miR-29a levels in the PBMCs and plasma of HIV infected persons also correlate inversely with latency and active viral replication. The levels of miR-29a correlate inversely with active HIV-1 replication in cell culture models and in HIV infected persons. This links miR-29a to viral latency and suggests another approach to activate and destroy latent HIV-1 reservoirs.
Effect of Ultrasound and Electrode Material on Electrochemical Treatment of Industrial Wastewater (2012)

The effect of ultrasound (US) and electrode material on electrochemical treatment of industrial wastewater was studied. Samples were taken from three industries i.e. battery, ghee and tannery. Treatment efficiency was monitored by comparing the results of electrochemical and sonoelectrochemical processes in terms of metals and chemical oxygen demand COD removal. Experiments were performed in ultrasonic bath. In sonoelectrochemical process concentration of Pb decreased from 11.5 to 0.6 ppm at 80 kHz form battery industry. Similarly about 95 % removal of Cr (III) was observed from tannery wastewater using lead cathode. Titanium anode was found best counter electrode in metals removing. High COD removal was obtained by using steel anode at 80 kHz. Use of ultrasound is very effective in removing heavy metals and organic pollutants from industrial wastewater.
The Björk – Shiley Aortic Prosthesis: Flow Characteristics of the Present Model vs. The Convexo-Concave Model (1980)

Thrombus formation on the aortic face of the disc and tissue overgrowth along the sewing ring adjacent to minor outflow region are major clinical pathologic findings observed with the present model Björk-Shiley aortic prosthesis. These pathologic findings may be attributed to the stagnation zone observed near the aortic face of the disc, and the low flow and shear in the minor outflow region of the prosthesis. In hope of reducing these pathologic conditions the new convexo-concave Björk-Shiley prosthesis was developed. In vitro velocity measurements made with a laser-Doppler anemometer in the immediate downstream vicinity of the convexo-concave Björk-Shiley aortic valve indicate that the design changes have decreased the size of the stagnation zone and have increased flow and shear in the minor outflow region. We conclude that the problems of thrombus formation and tissue overgrowth may be reduced in the new convexo-concave Björk-Shiley aortic valve.
On minimal thinness, reduced functions and Green potentials (1993)

Let Ω be an open connected subset of the unit disc U , let E = U \Ω and let {Ω k } be a Whitney decomposition of U . If z( Q ) is the centre of the “square” Q , if T is the unit circle and t = dist.( Q, T ), we consider where E k = E ∩ Q k and c ( E k ) is the capacity of E k . We prove that the set E is minimally thin at τ ∈ T in U if and only if W (τ)&lt; ∞. We study functions of type W and discuss the relation between certain results of Naim on minimal thinness [15], a minimum principle of Beurling [3], related results due to Dahlberg [7] and Sjögren [16] and recent work of Hayman-Lyons [15] (cf. also Bonsall [4]) and Volberg [19]. For simplicity, we discuss our problems in the unit disc U in the plane. However, the same techniques work for analogous problems in higher dimensions and in more complicated regions.
Population PK‐PD Model for Tolerance Evaluation to the p38 MAP Kinase Inhibitor BCT197 (2015)

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) is a key signaling pathway involved in regulation of inflammatory cytokines. Unexpectedly, several clinical studies using p38 inhibitors found no convincing clinical efficacy in the treatment of chronic inflammation. It was the objective of this study to characterize the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of BCT197 in healthy volunteers and to examine the relationship between BCT197 exposure and pharmacodynamics (PD) measured as inhibition of ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a downstream marker of p38 activity. PK was characterized using a two-compartment model with mixed-order absorption and limited-capacity tissue binding. The PK-PD relationship revealed that suppression of TNFα was partly offset over time, despite continuous drug exposure. This may indicate a mechanism by which the inflammatory response acquires the ability to bypass p38. Simulations of posology dependence in drug effect suggest that an intermittent regimen may offer clinical benefit over continuous dosing and limit the impact of tolerance development.
Managing natural disaster risks in a changing climate (2009)

Natural disasters have increased in frequency and severity during the last few decades, causing considerable economic damage and loss of life. A combination of climate and socio-economic change is likely to augment disaster loss trends in the future, creating the need for more sophisticated disaster risk management. A resilient risk management strategy for uncertain low-probability, high-impact risks comprises a package of measures focused on disaster risk prevention, damage mitigation and arrangements for efficient risk sharing. Possible implications of climate change on future risks and risk management policies are outlined. It is argued that financial arrangements such as insurance can play an important role in an adaptation strategy aimed at limiting and ameliorating socio-economic impacts of natural disasters.
[Diagnostic use of enzymatic RAST skin tests and determination of eosinophils in nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis]. (1999)

For the diagnosis of Dermatophagoides spp allergic rhinitis ST for Dermatophagoides spp and EAST for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus have the same diagnostic precision. According to the indexes for diagnostic precision, and inter-observer concordance coefficient, ST and EAST are useful to diagnose allergic rhinitis induced by the evaluated allergens. ENIVI is a test that is not very useful for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis.
Selective hydrogenation of fatty acids and methyl esters of fatty acids to obtain fatty alcohols–a review (2016)

Abstract In this paper, a review is presented of the evolution of different catalytic systems and operating conditions used in the selective hydrogenation of acids and esters of fatty acids to obtain fatty alcohols, which have broad industrial applications in the oleochemical industry. In addition, the current status of the different technologies used industrially (Lurgi, Davy and Henkel) for obtaining fatty alcohols, as well as major global sources of raw materials for the oleochemical industry are put forward. Finally, the reaction mechanisms of the selective hydrogenation process of oleic acid and methyl oleate to obtain the corresponding unsaturated alcohol as well as the new catalysts proposed by researchers are described. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Supplemental figure 2 from Vaccine-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor–Producing T Cells Synergize with Cisplatin to Promote Tumor Cell Death (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental figure 2) Activation markers on T cells are not affected by cisplatin treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
Combining diffuse optical tomography and spectroscopy to detect and characterize lesions in two-layered tissues (2012)

We combine diffuse optical tomography for detecting and localizing an inhomogeneity in a two-layered tissue and diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) for characterizing the spectrum of that inhomogeneity. For detecting and localizing an inhomogeneity, we reduce the number of unknowns substantially by seeking only the location and size of the inhomogeneity. Then, we seek to recover an unknown specific tumor component of that inhomogeneity from spectral data. In doing so, we develop a method for distinguishing between healthy and tumorous lesions. We demonstrate the utility of this theory with numerical simulations.
End-Group Identity and Its Effect on the Thermal Degradation of Poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) (2001)

Poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) was synthesised using triphenylphosphane and pyridine initiators. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy were used to confirm that the initiator remains as a chain end group. The prepared polymers were subjected to thermal degradation and re-analysed with results that show the loss of the initiator end group for the pyridine-initiated polymer, but not for that initiated with triphenylphosphane. Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to observe the presence of the pyridine initiator in the volatile degradation products.
Evaluation of Commercially Available Carbon Fibers, Fabrics, and Papers for Potential Use in Multifunctional Energy Storage Applications (2009)

Many carbon materials have desirable electrochemical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties that make them ideal candidates for dual-use energy-storage devices integrated into fiber-matrix composites or textiles. Commercial fabrics are cost-effective, scalable materials that are often fabricated specifically for composite applications. However, the electrochemical properties of these commercial materials are largely unknown. This study focuses on the properties of unmodified commercial carbon fabric materials for use in electrochemical devices such as lithium-ion batteries. Electrochemical capacity was evaluated for carbon fibers derived from a wide variety of grades of fabrics based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN), pitch, or activated carbon, and carbon papers made from carbon nanotubes or nanofoams. Double-layer capacitances were also measured for potential application to supercapacitors. The fiber microstructures were analyzed via X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Nanofoam papers demonstrated the best overall electrochemical performance, with capacities consistently achieving after and capacitances of , but the mechanical properties were poor. IM7 and T300 PAN-based woven fabrics demonstrated the best potential for multifunctional use, with reversible-discharge electrochemical capacities as high as after and tensile strengths of . Removing the polymer sizing from PAN-based fibers did not appear to improve performance.
GaN Photodetectors with Transparent Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes (2004)

Sputtering indium tin oxide (ITO) and e-beam ITO films deposited onto GaN as transparent electrodes for applications in metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) photodetectors were fabricated and reported. The transmittances of 1000 Å-thick sputtering-ITO and e-beam ITO films were 78% and 67%, respectively, at a wavelength of 350 nm. The variation in the transmittance of the sputtering ITO films was not dependent on film thickness. The estimated effective barrier heights of the sputtering ITO and e-beam ITO films to GaN were 0.46 and 0.95 eV, respectively. This difference in barrier height originates from the formation of InGaN at the interface of ITO/GaN. Finally, GaN MSM photodetectors were fabricated using e-beam ITO electrodes. The peak responsivity of these e-beam ITO MSM photodetectors was 0.11 A/W at a 3 V bias. For a given bandwidth of 500 Hz, the corresponding noise equivalent power (NEP) and normalized detectivity D * were calculated to be 1.51×10 -10 W and 2.96×10 9 cmHz 0.5 W -1 , respectively.
Test Chip to Evaluate Measurement Methods for Small Capacitances (2009)

We designed and fabricated a test chip to evaluate the performance of new approaches to the measurement of small capacitances (femto-Farads to atto-Farads range). The test chip consists of an array of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors, metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors, and a series of systematically varying capacitance structures directly accessible by an atomic force microscope probe. Nominal capacitances of the test devices range from 0.3 fF (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-15</sup> F) to 1.2 pF (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> F). Measurement of the complete array of capacitances by using an automatic probe station produces a "fingerprint" of capacitance values from which, after correction for pad and other stray capacitances, the relative accuracy and sensitivity of a capacitance measurement instrument can be evaluated..
A 9-kDa matricellular SPARC fragment released by cathepsin D exhibits pro-tumor activity in the triple-negative breast cancer microenvironment (2021)

<b>Rationale:</b> Alternative therapeutic strategies based on tumor-specific molecular targets are urgently needed for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The protease cathepsin D (cath-D) is a marker of poor prognosis in TNBC and a tumor-specific extracellular target for antibody-based therapy. The identification of cath-D substrates is crucial for the mechanistic understanding of its role in the TNBC microenvironment and future therapeutic developments. <b>Methods</b>: The cath-D substrate repertoire was investigated by N-Terminal Amine Isotopic Labeling of Substrates (TAILS)-based degradome analysis in a co-culture assay of TNBC cells and breast fibroblasts. Substrates were validated by amino-terminal oriented mass spectrometry of substrates (ATOMS). Cath-D and SPARC expression in TNBC was examined using an online transcriptomic survival analysis, tissue micro-arrays, TNBC cell lines, patient-derived xenografts (PDX), human TNBC samples, and mammary tumors from MMTV-PyMT <i>Ctsd<sup>-/-</sup></i> knock-out mice. The biological role of SPARC and its fragments in TNBC were studied using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis, gene expression knockdown, co-culture assays, western blot analysis, RT-quantitative PCR, adhesion assays, Transwell motility, trans-endothelial migration and invasion assays. <b>Results:</b> TAILS analysis showed that the matricellular protein SPARC is a substrate of extracellular cath-D. <i>In vitro</i>, cath-D induced limited proteolysis of SPARC C-terminal extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> binding domain at acidic pH, leading to the production of SPARC fragments (34-, 27-, 16-, 9-, and 6-kDa). Similarly, cath-D secreted by TNBC cells cleaved fibroblast- and cancer cell-derived SPARC at the tumor pericellular acidic pH. SPARC cleavage also occurred in TNBC tumors. Among these fragments, only the 9-kDa SPARC fragment inhibited TNBC cell adhesion and spreading on fibronectin, and stimulated their migration, endothelial transmigration, and invasion. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our study establishes a novel crosstalk between proteases and matricellular proteins in the tumor microenvironment through limited SPARC proteolysis, revealing a novel targetable 9-kDa bioactive SPARC fragment for new TNBC treatments. Our study will pave the way for the development of strategies for targeting bioactive fragments from matricellular proteins in TNBC.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Induction in Mixed (2 + 2) Photoadditions. Effect of Solvent, Alkene Concentration and Temperature. (1987)

Abstract Photolytical cycloaddition of cyclopentene (I) with the chiral cyclohexenonecarboxylate (II) yields the isomeric adducts (IIIa) and (IIIb).
MOCVD growth and characterization of Pb-based ferroelectric thin films (2002)

Pb-based ferroelectric thin films such as PbTiO/sub 3/, Pb(Zr,Ti)O/sub 3/ (PZT), (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O/sub 3/ (PLZT) and Pb(Zr,Ti,Nb)O/sub 3/ (PZTN) were successfully prepared by MOCVD. A variety of experiments were performed to demonstrate the advantages of the MOCVD process. The advantages of MOCVD, including a high degree of controllability of the film composition, crystalline structure and electrical properties, are reviewed. The variation in the film thickness of PZT film on a 8 inch wafer was /spl plusmn/1.2%. The electrical properties of PZT films grown on Ir and IrO/sub 2/ electrodes were also described. The step coverage characteristics were investigated and good step coverage figure of 74% for PZT films on SiO/sub 2//Si was also obtained. The possibility of scaling up the process to commercial-based production was also investigated and PZT films with a high uniformity in the film component of /spl plusmn/1.1%, a film thickness of /spl plusmn/1.5% and a dielectric constant of /spl plusmn/5% were obtained on a 6 inch wafer.
High-Speed Transmitters in 90nm CMOS for High-Density Optical Interconnects (2006)

Small, high-speed and low power optical transmitter circuits are needed for optical interconnects to play a role in improving chip I/O bandwidth. This paper demonstrates two different transmitter designs fabricated in a 1V 90nm CMOS technology, one suitable for driving vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and the other for driving multiple quantum well modulators (MQWMs). A four-tap current summing FIR equalizer extends VCSEL data rate for a given average current. It consumes 80mW at 18Gb/s operation and occupies 0.03mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> area. The MQWM transmitter has a pulsed-cascode output stage capable of supplying a voltage swing of twice the 1V supply without overstressing thin-oxide core devices. It consumes 38mW at 16Gb/s and occupies 0.014mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area
Scattering of an electromagnetic wave from a planar waveguide structure with a slightly 2D random surface (1997)

Abstract This paper deals with the scattering of an electromagnetic (EM) wave from a waveguide structure with a slightly rough surface. The waveguide structure is a dielectric film on a planar, perfectly conductive surface, and the top of the film is a two-dimensional (2D) homogeneous Gaussian random surface. The treatment is based on the stochastic functional theory where the random EM field is represented in terms of a Wiener - Hermite functional of the random surface. Numerical calculations show that enhanced backscattering and cross-polarization occur, but that no enhanced satellite peak appears for a 2D random surface, in contrast to the case of a 1D surface. The enhanced backscattering is caused by the interference of two double-scattering processes and is attributed to the existence of guided waves in the scattering structure.
Enabling Enterprise Solid State Disks Performance (2018)

In this paper, we examine two modern enterprise Flash-based solid state devices and how varying usage patterns influence the performance one observes from the device. We observe that in order to achieve peak sequential and random performance of an SSD, a workload needs to meet certain criteria such as high degree of concurrency. We measure the performance effects of intermediate operating system software layers between the application and device, varying the file system, I/O Scheduler, and whether or not the device is accessed in direct mode. Finally, we measure and discuss how device performance may degrade under sustained random write access across an SSD’s full address space.
Potential-pH Diagrams for 90-10 and 70-30 Cu-Ni in Sea Water (1975)

The experimental potential-pH diagrams for 90-10 and 70-30 Cu-Ni in aerated, natural sea water at ambient temperature (25 C) have been derived using electrochemical hysteresis methods. The result is a definition of the potential and pH regions where these alloys are immune or susceptible to various forms of corrosion in sea water. Areas of immunity, general corrosion, passivation, and susceptibility to dealloying are defined for each alloy. Conclusions are drawn as to the differences in corrosion kinetics for 90-10 and 70-30 Cu-Ni in sea water, the former involving surface enrichment of nickel, and the latter passivation.
Multimodality salvage for patients with persistently elevated postprostatectomy PSA (2000)

A persistently elevated postprostatectomy prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a therapeutic dilemma for which optimal management is undefined. We evaluated the salvage efficacy of whole-pelvis radiation with hormonal blockade in a subset of patients with persistently elevated postprostatectomy PSA. Within 180 days after surgery, 14 men with elevated postprostatectomy PSA (0.9-18 ng/ml; mean 4.8) and negative metastatic work-up began whole-pelvis radiation (4500 cGy / 25 fractions), which was directly followed by prostate-bed boost (2000 cGy / 10 fractions). Concomitant with radiation, 6 months of LHRH agonist was prescribed. No patients have been lost to follow-up. Chronic morbidity from radiation and hormone treatment was not noted and all 10 patients whose salvage was initiated when PSA was <5.0 ng/ml remain with undetectable PSA at follow-up (36-56 months; median 44 months). Of the four patients with PSA levels >5.0 ng/ml at salvage initiation, none remain with undetectable follow-up PSA. Postprostatectomy salvage initiated at PSA levels < or =5.0 ng/ml with the combination of whole-pelvis external-beam radiation and hormone blockade offers excellent diminishment of PSA for prolonged follow-up periods. Patients with postprostatectomy PSA of >5 ng/ml likely require salvage regimens with greater emphasis on systemic treatment. Int. J. Cancer (Radiat. Oncol. Invest.) 90, 331-335 (2000).
Call for the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority to revisit regulations relating to single- use medical devices (2022)

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1075-P: Acute and Chronic Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients with Diabetes: Impact of Prior Insulin Treatment (2021)

Objective: The impact of preadmission insulin treatment on the interactions of chronic glycemia, reflected by admission A1c levels, glucose control during critical illness, and mortality is unknown.Design: This is a retrospective analysis of 1,524 patients with diabetes admitted to the ICU of a university-affiliated teaching hospital, including 538 receiving (INS) and 986 without (NON-INS) insulin treatment prior to admission. Groups were stratified by A1c level: < 6.5%; 6.5%-7.9% and ≥ 8.0%.Results: Mean glucose (BG), coefficient of variation (CV) and hypoglycemia (< 70 mg/dL) during ICU admission increased with increasing A1c, (p for trend < 0.0001), and were higher for INS than for NON-INS (all p < 0.05). INS with A1c < 6.5% and mean BG ≥ 180 mg/dL or CV ≥ 30% had lower severity-adjusted mortality (SAM) compared to INS with mean BG 80-140 mg/dL and CV ≤ 30%, (p=0.0058 and < 0.0001 respectively), but NON-INS had higher SAM (p=0.0001 and < 0.0001 respectively). INS and NON-INS with A1c ≥ 8.0% and mean BG ≥ 180 mg/dL had lower SAM compared to those with mean BG 80-140 mg/dL (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Significant differences were found among patients with diabetes based on insulin treatment status prior to admission regarding ICU glucose control and the relationship of glucose control metrics during ICU stay to mortality. These data support an individualized approach to glucose control in the critically ill.View largeDownload slideView largeDownload slide DisclosureJ. S. Krinsley: None. P. R. Rule: None. J. Preiser: None. G. Roberts: None. S. Chaudry: None. C. Heluey-rodrigues: None. K. Dionne: None. G. E. Umpierrez: Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca, Dexcom, Inc., Novo Nordisk. I. B. Hirsch: Consultant; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc., Research Support; Self; Insulet Corporation, Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, Medtronic.