gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Multifunctional Photorefractive Material Showing High Optical Gain and Diffraction Efficiency (1998)

The design and synthesis of a new photorefractive material by incorporation of an oligo(3-alkylthiophene) segment with a nonlinear optical chromophore is reported by the authors. They demonstrate the potential use of this material as an optical data storage and image processing medium. Studies of the formation dynamics of holographic gratings (the Figure shows a holographic image) reveal the fast response time of the material to optical signals.
Scattering and absorption characteristics of graphene coated metamaterial cylinder (2019)

Terahertz (THz) wave interaction from graphene coated metamaterial cylinder has been investigated analytically and numerically. The analytical formulation of electromagnetic fields is being modeled in the frame work of Mie theory while the modeling of the graphene is done by random phase approximation method. The causality principle based Kramer-Kroing relations are used to simulate the DNG metamaterial, while the DPS metamaterial is modeled by the Drude relations of SiO2. The analytical formulation is developed for both parallel and perpendicular polarized waves. The impedance boundary conditions (IBC) approach is used to model the infinitely thin graphene coating on metamaterial cylinder. Further the IBC at the interface of graphene layer and metamaterial cylinder are applied to compute the unknown scattering coefficients. The efficiency factors i.e., scattering efficiency (Qsca), extinction efficiency (Qexc) & absorption efficiency (Qabs) and bistatic radar cross section (RCS) have been computed analytically as well as numerically for both micro and nano cores. The influence of graphene parameters i.e., chemical potential (μc) & scattering rate (τ1) and size of metamaterial cylinder (R) on the scattering efficiency (Qsca) and extinction efficiency (Qexc) has been analyzed for DPS and DNG cores. It is observed that the in the nano regime, for perpendicularly polarized wave, graphene coated metamaterial cylinder supports the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) modes and LSPR is found sensitive to the change in the graphene parameters and core size. However, it is reported that the parallel polarized wave has same response towards the DPS and DNG cores in the nano regime. It is concluded that under suitable parameters the graphene coating may provide extraordinary degree of freedom to actively control the THz interactions i.e., scattering efficiency, extinction efficiency and bistatic RCS. The present work may have potential applications in designing and manufacturing of Electromagnetic invisibility, cloaking and target protection devices for THz region.
Sparse synaptic connectivity is required for decorrelation and pattern separation in feedforward networks (2017)

Pattern separation is a fundamental function of the brain. The divergent feedforward networks thought to underlie this computation are widespread, yet exhibit remarkably similar sparse synaptic connectivity. Marr-Albus theory postulates that such networks separate overlapping activity patterns by mapping them onto larger numbers of sparsely active neurons. But spatial correlations in synaptic input and those introduced by network connectivity are likely to compromise performance. To investigate the structural and functional determinants of pattern separation we built models of the cerebellar input layer with spatially correlated input patterns, and systematically varied their synaptic connectivity. Performance was quantified by the learning speed of a classifier trained on either the input or output patterns. Our results show that sparse synaptic connectivity is essential for separating spatially correlated input patterns over a wide range of network activity, and that expansion and correlations, rather than sparse activity, are the major determinants of pattern separation.
Information modelling for the manufacturing system life cycle (2008)

This thesis deals with information modelling within the scope of the manufacturing system life cycle, i.e. the development phase and the operation phase. Information modelling defines and structures information that needs to be managed, and is thereby an important step towards realising efficient information management throughout the manufacturing system life cycle. The research goal of this work was to find a modelling approach that simplifies management and integration of manufacturing system information, both within and between the development and operation phases. The starting point was an assumption that information integration requires a common information model for the manufacturing system life cycle. The approach was to evaluate the usefulness of the STEP standards AP214 and AP239 (PLCS) regarding how they meet the information requirements. Case studies within the automotive industry were carried out for gathering test data. Modelling experience showed that PLCS has the most suitable scope since it can represent the manufacturing system from a life cycle perspective. However, the generic character of PLCS introduced other issues, such as how to ensure consistent instantiation. Further guidance is needed regarding how to use PLCS for representing domain-specific objects such as machining centres. As a response to the inconsistency issue, a concept model of a machining centre was developed to guide the instantiation of PLCS. However, it was found that there are multiple ways to translate the concept model to PLCS depending on viewpoint. Moreover, the characteristics of information management within the operation phase were found to be notably different compared to characteristics of the development phase. For these reasons, it is discussed whether or not a common modelling format for the whole manufacturing system life cycle is appropriate or even realisable. From a practical viewpoint, it is concluded to be both inevitable and necessary to find appropriate delimitations and interfaces between complementary information models. A promising step towards information integration is to classify the information concepts of different models according to terms defined in concept models.
Subject Guides: History--World: Research by Topic (2009)

Materials relating to general world history and historical topics that include many nations, including World War I and World War II.
Narrow linewidth low frequency noise Er-doped fiber ring laser based on femtosecond laser induced random feedback (2014)

We propose and demonstrate a narrow linewidth, low frequency noise Er-doped fiber ring laser with resonant feedback in a femtosecond laser induced random medium of deep refractive index modulation in three dimensions. Eight concatenated single-mode fiber segments about 1 cm long, each carry a total of 8 × 500 randomly spaced laser-written-planes. Numerous low-finesse spectral filters are formed to significantly suppress sub-cavity modes, ensuring single-mode operation within a wavelength-locking range. The linewidth of the laser is 2.1 kHz with 58 dB side-mode-suppression-ratio. The frequency noise is ∼1 Hz/Hz1/2 above 1 kHz, and the frequency jitter is ∼1.8 × 10−12 over 100 s.
Diffractive objective in night-vision goggles (1998)

Conventional refractive or reflection-refractive objectives for Night Vision Goggles (NVG) are more complicated because they require larger relative aperture and better correction of aberrations in broadband spectral response. However, further improvement of this objective is limited by conventional optics. Diffractive optics has some unique features, which can improve the imaging quality of the conventional optics system. First, effective dispersion of diffractive optics is opposite in sign to that of refractive elements, the monochromatic aberrations are easier to be corrected. Second, diffractive optics does not contribute Petzval field curvature. Third, another advantages of diffractive optics applied to the objective design are to reduce number of optical elements, overall weight and system cost. Finally, optical imaging quality of NVG that compares with the conventional optics is improved significantly. The paper will describe two hybrid diffractive-refractive objective design configurations of NVG and show comparable or improved imaging quality compared with conventional six- element objective.
Localized gastric amyloidosis of AL type: Case report (2022)

Barium meal study revealed gastric erosion in a 62-year-old woman.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (2S*,4R*,5S*)‐Piperidinetricarboxylic Acid, a Non‐Proteinogenic Amino Acid Isolated from Clitocybe Acromelalga. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design of a low sidelobe level stripline fed slot array covered by a dielectric layer (2003)

A stripline-fed slot has been employed as an element of a low-sidelobe-level linear phased array. The exterior surface of the array is covered by a protective dielectric slab, which considerably alters the characteristics of the elements and affects mutual coupling. The design of this array is based on a modification of R.S. Elliott's design procedure and takes into account the effect of the cover on the performance of the isolated slots and their electromagnetic interactions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Indium Tin Oxide Broadband Metasurface Absorber (2018)

Metamaterials have been designed to achieve a wide range of functionalities. Metamaterial absorbers are of particular interest for various applications such as infrared detectors, emissivity coatings, and photovoltaic cells. Various metamaterial platforms have been demonstrated to achieve perfect absorption and several attempts have been made to extend the absorption bandwidth of such devices. We demonstrate a broadband infrared absorber using an asymmetric Fabry–Perot cavity consisting of a monolithically fabricated two-layer metasurface. Superoctave optical absorption is achieved by tailoring the structure of the metasurface layers and the thickness of the cavity. The device yields absorptance of over 80% from λ = 4–16 μm, while maintaining the performance over a wide range of incident angles. In contrast to most metamaterial absorbers, our metasurface layers are made of customized indium tin oxide (ITO), conferring the advantage of CMOS compatibility compared to previous approaches using noble metals.
A Genetically Encoded Boronate‐Containing Amino Acid (2008)

Ein biologisches Boronat: Ein orthogonales tRNA/Aminoacyl-tRNA-Synthetasepaar für den genetisch gesteuerten Einbau einer Boronsäure in Proteine wurde entworfen. Diese Aminosäure wurde in einer narbenlosen Reinigungsprozedur zur Proteinreinigung und zur ortsspezifischen Markierung von Proteinen durch verschiedene Boronsäurereaktionen eingesetzt.
Management of Patients with Textured Surface Breast Implants (2021)

The purpose of this special topic article is to present an evidence-based approach and provide recommendations for the management of both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with textured surface breast implants. There are currently no scientific data to support complete removal of a benign capsule. When unnecessary capsulectomies are performed, the patient is at higher risk for developing postoperative complications. Ultimately, the decision to keep, exchange, or remove breast implants is the patient's decision and the procedure should be performed only by a qualified surgeon.
Similarity between nuclear matrix proteins of various cells revealed by an improved isolation method (1998)

Comparative analysis of nuclear matrix proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis may be greatly impaired by copurifying cytoskeletal proteins. The present data show that the bulk of adhering cytofilaments may mechanically be removed by shearing of nuclei pretreated with vanadyl ribonucleoside complexes. Potential mechanisms of action not based on ribonuclease inhibition are discussed. To individually preserve the integrity of nuclear structures, we developed protocols for the preparation of nuclear matrices from three categories of cells, namely leukocytes, cultured cells, and tissue cells. As exemplified with material from human lymphocytes, cultured amniotic cells, and liver tissue cells, the resulting patterns of nuclear matrix proteins appeared quite similar. Approximately 300 spots were shared among the cell types. Forty-nine of these were identified, 21 comprising heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins L and nuclear lamin B2 isoforms were identified by amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry. However, individually expressed proteins, such as the proliferating cell nuclear antigen, also pertained following application of the protocols. Thus, enhanced resolution and comparability of proteins improve systematic analyses of nuclear matrix proteins from various cellular sources.
Influence of Source Parameters on the Properties of an Ion Beam (1973)

Beam profile measurements have been carried out to study the influence of the length of the ion source outlet, the source pressure, and the source magnetic field on the properties of an ion beam. From a variation of the outlet length conditions can be deduced for optimum design with respect to gas efficiency and profile shape. The profile width is found to decrease with increasing source pressure and decreasing magnetic field. This effect is attributed to a corresponding change in the energy distribution of the ions. Profile distortions occurring at high source pressure are likely to be due to ion scattering in the extraction region.
How robust is the result that the cost of "leaning against the wind" exceeds the benefit? (2017)

The main result in Svensson (2017) and its previous versions is that, given current knowledge and empirical estimates, the cost of using monetary policy to "lean against the wind" for nancialstability purposes exceeds the benefit by a substantial margin. Adrian and Liang (2016a) conduct a sensitivity analysis of this result, state that "the result that costs exceed benefits rely critically on assumptions about the change in unemployment in a recession or crisis, the crisis probability, and the elasticity of crisis probability with respect to the interest rate, " and provide alternative assumptions that they assert would overturn the result. This paper shows that Adrian and Liang's alternative assumptions are hardly realistic: they exceed existing empirical estimates by more than 11, 13, and 40 standard errors. Adrian and Liang furthermore do not comment on the extensive sensitivity analysis already done in previous versions of Svensson (2017), which supports the robustness of my result. JEL Classification: E52, E58, G01
Remote Catheter Ablation of Parahisian Accessory Pathways Using a Novel Magnetic Navigation System—A Report of Two Cases (2005)

The Niobe magnetic navigation system was successfully used to perform completely remote controlled mapping and ablation of parahisian accessory pathways.
Pseudocyst or cystic neoplasm? Differential diagnosis and initial management of cystic pancreatic lesions. (1989)

Owing to advances in pancreatic imaging, cystic lesions of the pancreas are being recognized with increasing frequency. A presumptive diagnosis of "pseudocyst", based upon CT appearance alone, will prove to be in error in as many as one-third of patients. Neoplastic cysts of the pancreas are particularly susceptible to this misdiagnosis, which can result in inappropriate drainage rather than resection. Using a combination of historical features and computed tomography, the differential diagnosis between pseudocyst and cystic neoplasm can usually be made. In borderline patients transcutaneous aspiration for cytology, and analysis of the cyst fluid for neoplastic markers may prove helpful. Final resolution of doubtful cases is achieved by biopsy of the cyst wall.
Ion and neutral spectroscopy (1992)

A perspective on the analysis of surfaces and interfaces instrumentation for SIMS basic aspects of sputter depth profiling quantitative analysis using sputtering techniques - secondary ion and sputtered neutral mass spectrometry dynamic SIMS and its applications in microelectronics static SIMS - surface analysis of organic materials sputtered neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS) ion scattering spectroscopic techniques medium energy ion scattering.
Variation in IgE binding potencies of seven Artemisia species depending on content of major allergens (2020)

There was high sequence similarity but different content of the three group allergens from different Artemisia species. Choice of Artemisia annua and A. argyi pollen source for diagnosis and immunotherapy is recommended in China.
Back to School for social work students (2012)

Every Child Matters: Change for children (DfES, 2004) places effective inter-professional working at the top of the child care agenda. Developing new opportunities for practice learning in different professional settings, therefore, is high on the agenda for all those concerned with the teaching of social work. Learning within a different professional setting can bring many benefits, but also challenges. This article outlines a well-established project in Hull, where student social workers have been experiencing practice learning opportunities in mainstream schools for the past four years. The project has been evaluated using an action research model and as such reflects the subsequent development and consolidation as the project has expanded. We highlight both the benefits and the challenges for all those concerned with these placements, addressing some of the issues for students, practice teachers, and work-based supervisors in their roles in this new approach.
Die Bedeutung der Vorhofstimulation in der Diagnostik des Sinusknotensyndroms (1974)

Unter dem Begriff des Sinusknotensyndroms (SK-Syndrom) wird eine komplexe Stöning der Erregungsbildung und -leitung im Bereich des Sinusknotens, des Vorhofs und des AV-Knotens zusammengefaßt, die zu bradykarden und tachykarden Rhythmusstörungen führt (2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 16, 17, 25, 27, 29, 30). Bei 20 Patienten mit der klinischen Verdachtsdiagnose eines SK-Syndroms wurden die Sinusknotenfunktion und die intrakardiale Erregungsleitung mittels atrialer Stimulation und His-Bündel Elektrographie geprüft. Hierbei wurden folgende Parameter gemessen bzw. berechnet: 1. Sinusknotenerholungszeit, 2. effektive Vorhofrefraktärzeit, 3. „sinu-atriale Leistungszeit“, 4. Erregungsleitung im Bereich des Vorhofs, des AV-Knotens und des His-Purkinje Systems.
Altered amino acid metabolism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: new therapeutic perspective? (2003)

Underlying mechanisms of the observed alterations in amino acid profile in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the influences of disease associated mediators such as chronic low-grade inflammation and (chronic and intermittent) hypoxia are speculative and need to be explored in experimental study designs.
Joint Rate and Queue Based Routing for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (2016)

In recent years, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have become important and critical part of the Intelligent Transport System (ITS). VANETs have brought the potential of new services and various applications for emergency, comfort and commercial use. However, designing a practical VANET architecture is still hindered with lot of challenges. One such challenge is to route the data packets from source to destination vehicle as per application specific need without sacrificing the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. In order to design a practical system that meets the requirements of new applications for VANETs, we propose a new cross-layer approach for efficient and reliable routing. Our proposed model considers the wireless transmission parameters from Physical (PHY) layer as well as the system buffer capacities from the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer to make informed and accurate routing decisions at the network layer. This model can be used to cater for specific application requirements in VANET by applying varying routing decisions depending on node specific attributes such as commodity data, queue backlog and rate allocation. The model exemplifies a multi-hop backpressure architecture in VANET where each vehicle is trying to select the next-hop vehicle on the basis of buffer size (queue backlogs), the data to be send (commodity) as well as the channel rate allocated. The key objective here is the optimal selection of next hop vehicle for information dissemination by integrating these metrics. We classify this as a rational Constraint Driven Problem (CDP) and we explore an optimal solution to this problem. Using a systematic mathematical model formulation and extensive simulations, we present the performance analysis of our exemplary model by deriving values of relevant key performance indicators applicable in such an environment.
24-Epibrassinolide Promotes Carbohydrates Accumulation in Crowns of Perennial Ryegrass during Cold Acclimation by Regulation of Gene Expression and Enzyme Activities which Results in Increased Frost Tolerance (2015)

Due to climate changes and global warming the knowledge about the role of hormones promoting cold acclimation will become increasingly important. Brassinosteroids (BR) are plant steroid hormones which control photosynthesis, affect carbohydrate metabolism and protect against environmental factors (Janeczko et al., 2011). In order to demonstrate if BR are essential for the cold acclimation of perennial ryegrass, we studied the effect 24- epibrassinolide (EBR) and brassinazole (BZ) a specific inhibitor of BR biosynthesis, on parameters associated with cold acclimation (CA). We also analyzed the influence of the length of CA on carbohydrate quality and quantity under EBR treatment. The endogenous BR level during cold acclimation was also studied. We had demonstrated that EBR treatment improved frost tolerance of perennial ryegrass. EBR upregulated while BZ downregulated the expression of Rubisco activase (RcaA) in leaves and crowns of Lolium perenne. EBR treatment decreased contents of total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) in leaves which coincided with increased level of TSC in crowns. At the same time the expression of sucrose-1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST) and sucrose synthase (SUS) genes in leaves and crowns were reduced by BZ. Gene expression level corresponded to changes in Rubisco and sucrose synthase activities. Endogenous level of castasterone (CS), the only detected BR in plants, increased significantly after 3 weeks of CA and decreased to the control level after next 3 weeks at 4°C. Changes of different soluble sugars concentration including fructooligosacharides was dependent on lenght of CA. Concluding, EBR enhanced frost tolerance of perennial ryegrass through changes during cold acclimation. Particulary EBR upregulated RcaA, SUS and 1-SST genes and activated of Rubisco and SPS enzymes during cold acclimation, leading to increased carbohydrate accumulation in crowns which coincided with decline of TSC level in leaves Founding: National Science Centre (Poland) DEC-2011/03/D/NZ9/05548
Detection and Characterization of Lesions on Low-Radiation-Dose Abdominal CT Images Postprocessed with Noise Reduction Filters (2004)

Although the use of currently available noise reduction filters improves image noise and ameliorates beam-hardening artifacts at low-dose CT, such filters are limited by a compromise in lesion conspicuity and appearance in comparison with lesion conspicuity and appearance on baseline low-dose CT images.