gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Moisture-dependency of the fracture energy of wood: a comparison of unmodified and acetylated Scots pine and birch (2021)

Abstract The moisture-dependency of the fracture energy for unmodified and acetylated Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and birch ( Betula pendula Roth) has been investigated. Specimens were conditioned at relative humidity levels of 20, 75, and 97%, as well as dry and water-saturated. At moisture contents below 15%, the fracture energy increased with increasing moisture content for both unmodified and acetylated wood, while it decreased for untreated wood at higher moisture contents. A significant difference in moisture-dependency was found, indicating higher fracture energy for unmodified wood compared to acetylated wood at similar moisture contents. Additionally, to assess the impact of the increased brittleness for structural applications, the fracture energy was compared at equal relative humidity levels. The largest difference was seen at 75% relative humidity with approximately 50% lower fracture energy for acetylated wood. No significant differences were found for water-saturated samples. The moisture-dependency of the fracture energy, combined with the reduced hygroscopicity of acetylated wood, is suggested to be one, but not the only, contributing factor to the lower fracture energy of acetylated wood compared to unmodified wood at equal humidity levels. These observations have importance for structural design since design codes often assess material parameters based on ambient humidity.
Microstructural Characteristics of Laser Metal Deposited Magnesium Alloy AZ31 (2018)

Up to now, only a limited amount of metallic materials is investigated for laser additive manufacturing (LAM). However, the demand to widen the application possibilities by enlarging the range of materials for LAM is growing fast. By now, titanium and aluminium alloys are in the focus of research. In contrast, magnesium alloys are rarely used in the field of additive manufacturing, although they possess a low density in combination with a high specific strength. Currently, magnesium structures are mainly produced by casting but during the last years, the use of wrought alloys also increased. A reason for the rare use of magnesium alloys for LAM technologies might be the high flammability of magnesium powders. This difficulty can be avoided by using magnesium wire for laser metal deposition (LMD). In the present study, the microstructural characteristics of a LMD processed AZ31 magnesium alloy are investigated. For this purpose, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used. With the help of EDX and EBSD analysis, a change of the chemical composition and micro texture with structure height was identified. The relationship of microstructure and local mechanical properties was investigated with the help of Vickers micro hardness testing. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the microstructural characteristics of laser additive manufactured magnesium alloys differ from those of titanium and aluminium alloys. Thus, a wider application spectrum of LMD and magnesium alloys can be opened up.
Health Informatics for Neonatal Intensive Care Units: An Analytical Modeling Perspective (2015)

The effective use of data within intensive care units (ICUs) has great potential to create new cloud-based health analytics solutions for disease prevention or earlier condition onset detection. The Artemis project aims to achieve the above goals in the area of neonatal ICUs (NICU). In this paper, we proposed an analytical model for the Artemis cloud project which will be deployed at McMaster Children's Hospital in Hamilton. We collect not only physiological data but also the infusion pumps data that are attached to NICU beds. Using the proposed analytical model, we predict the amount of storage, memory, and computation power required for the system. Capacity planning and tradeoff analysis would be more accurate and systematic by applying the proposed analytical model in this paper. Numerical results are obtained using real inputs acquired from McMaster Children's Hospital and a pilot deployment of the system at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) in Toronto.
Social Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks with Healthcare Perspective (2011)

Abstract: The recent advances in Wireless Sensor Networks have given rise to many application areas in healthcare. It has produced new field of Wireless Body Area Networks. Using wearable and non-wearable sensor devices humans can be tracked and monitored. Monitoring from the healthcare perspective can be with or without the consent of the particular person. Even if it is with the consent of the person involved, certain social issues arise from this type of application scenario. The issues can be privacy, security, legal and other related issues. Healthcare sensor networks applications have a bright future and it is a must to take up these issues at the earliest. The issues should be carefully studied and understood or else they can pose serious problems. In this paper we try to raise and discuss these issues and find some answers to them.
Design of digital coding metasurfaces with independent controls of phase and amplitude responses (2018)

Digital coding metasurfaces have attracted attention due to their advantages compared to metamaterials. Many devices have been proposed by encoding the phase responses on metasurfaces such as orbit angular momentum generation, prefect absorbers, and holography. For complete manipulation for propagation of electromagnetic waves, it would be beneficial to control both phase and amplitude responses. Here, we propose a metasurface with independent control of phase and amplitude profiles, which is composed of four unit cells, and the amplitude responses of all unit cells range from 0.3 to 0.7. The four units have phase responses of 0, π/2, π, and 3π/2 separately to mimic the “00,” “01,” “10,” and “11” digital elements. The direction of the reflected beam from the metasurface can be manipulated by different sequences of digital elements, and meanwhile, the intensity of the reflected beam can be modulated through changing different amplitude responses in the same direction. We show that the distributions of both phase and amplitude responses of the metasurface will contribute to scattering reduction. We have used indium tin oxide to design the patterns of four units. The experiments and simulations confirm the physical phenomena mentioned above. The separate control of phase and amplitude responses suggests potential applications in high quality holography and mathematical operations of metasurfaces.
Time relaxed spatiotemporal trajectory joins (2005)

Many spatiotemporal applications store moving object data in the form of trajectories. Various recent works have addressed interesting queries on trajectorial data, mainly focusing on range queries and Nearest Neighbor queries. Here we examine another interesting query, the Time Relaxed Spatiotemporal Trajectory Join (TRSTJ) which effectively finds groups of moving objects that have followed similar movements in different times. We first attempt to address the TRSTJ problem using a symbolic representation algorithm, which we have recently proposed for trajectory joins. However we show experimentally that this solution produces false positives that grow rapidly with the increase of the problem size. As a result, it is inefficient for TRSTJ queries as it leads to large query time overhead. In order to improve query performance, we propose two important heuristics that turn the symbolic represenation approach effective for TRSTJ queries. Our first improvement, allows the use of multiple origins when processing strings representing trajectories. The experimental evaluation shows that the multiple-origin approach drastically reduces query performance. We then present a ``divide and conquer'' approach to further reduce false positives through symbolic class separation. The proposed solutions can be combined together, which leads to even better query performance. We present an experimental study revealing the advantages of using these approaches for solving Time Relaxed Spatiotemporal Trajectory Join queries.
Validation of Numerical Modeling Techniques for Unbonded Post-Tensioned Beams under Low Velocity Impact (2022)

This study validates the use of available tools for nonlinear finite element dynamic analysis (NLFEDA) modeling of unbonded post-tensioned reinforced concrete (PT-RC) members under drop weight impact and is the first attempt at low-velocity impact to the authors’ knowledge. The study was performed in two parts. The first portion of the study determined the appropriate mesh and material properties of the testing setup and specimens that were generated by the authors. The second portion of the study then established the level of convergence of the model based on a wide range of design and loading parameters. The NLEFDA was validated using experimental data obtained from laboratory investigations on the behavior of shear-critical and flexural PT-RC members. The interaction between the prestress, as applied from the PT tendon, and the surrounding concrete was well modeled in the presence of large shear failures of the concrete. The modeling techniques, coupled with experimental studies, can be helpful in expanding the range of understanding of the behavior of unbonded PT-RC members.
Qualitative Evaluation Can Help Keep Your Eye on the EHR Ball (2012)

Performing a qualitative assessment of your practice's needs is one of the best ways to decide which EHR will provide the best value.
Single-port laparoscopic colectomy versus conventional laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer: a comparison of surgical results (2012)

Our early experiences indicated that S-LAC for right-sided colon cancer is a feasible and safe procedure and that S-LAC results in a better cosmetic outcome.
v-Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines (8-azapurines). Part 19. Stability of N-alkyl-8-azapurines. Degradation by cold, dilute acid and base to N-alkyl-4-amino-1,2,3-triazole-5-carbaldehydes and -triazol-5-yl ketones. (1977)

7-, 8-, and 9-Methyl and 8- and 9-benzyl derivatives of 8-azapurine (5) were hydrolysed by cold, aqueous N-hydrochloric acid to 1-, 2-, and 3-methyl and 2- and 3-benzyl (respectively) derivatives of 4-amino-1,2,3-triazole-5-carbaldehyde (6), mostly in high yield. Prior methylation in the 2-position prevented the hydrolysis. 6,9-Dimethyl-8-azapurine gave the analogous ketone (7a). Cold, aqueous N-sodium hydroxide behaved similarly expect that the presence of a 2-methyl group did not prevent reaction. From some of the alkaline hydrolyses, the same aldehydes (6) were isolated, as such or as their N-formyl or -acetyl derivatives which are intermediates, but in other cases self-condensation of the aldehyde occurred. Some of the 8-azapurines (5) were hydrolysed by simply boiling with water. 8-Azapurine disintegrated in acid but resisted alkali by forming an anion (Coulombic repulsion). These reactions, which have preparative value, were found by u.v. spectroscopy to show first-order behaviour. The half-lives of the starting materials were calculated. I.r and n.m.r. spectra and ionization constants are discussed.
Experimental Evaluation of Three-dimensional Shift Selectivity in Reflection-type Hologram (2006)

We investigated a high-density recording method to record reflection-type holograms in a volume of a recording medium. Three-dimensional shift selectivity in a LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> crystal with a thickness of 0.5 mm was presented. Experimental results showed three-dimensional shift selectivity of a reflection hologram is 0.97mumtimes0.97mumtimes8.8mum with a wavelength of 514.5 nm and Fourier transform lenses with NAs of 0.28
Radiowave Propagation and Antennas for Personal Communications, Second Edition (1998)

From the Publisher:
Gain a better understanding of the various propagation and antenna problems associated with personal communications with this updated and expanded version of the 1995 bestseller. As with its first edition, this new book quickly brings you up to speed on the personal communication radio channel, and demystifies the complicated engineering details behind fixed-site antennas, personal communications device (PCD) antennas near to the human body, and the radio propagation channel. It also contains brand new material, including:

? The propagation characteristics associated with the FLEX paging, GSM, IS-95 CDMA, Japan PHS telephony, and EUREKA-147 digital broadcasting protocols

1 Expanded sections on multipath wave propagation including diversity reception, plus an all new section on PCS channel protocols

? New sections covering RF exposure standards and compliance, near-ground yagi antennas, and two- way messaging system design

? New problem-and-solution sets at the end of each chapter

Radio design engineers and PCS system designers can turn to this practical, non-theoretical guide to learn how to maximize the performance of fixed site and base-station antennas, design radio systems in multipath, fading, and urban/suburban environments, and improve signal reception. Mechanical engineers better understand how various design decisions affect radio performance, and EE professors can use the book to teach the fundamentals of PCS radio system design from protocols, to antennas, to propagation.

Software Included! Accompanying software containing Mathcad version 6.0 and 7.0 Professional Edition templates guide you throughchapter-end problems, and FORTRAN source code and executable code assist you in further study of loop and dipole antennas. One 3.5 IBM PC-compatible diskette; Mathcad templates compatible with IBM-PC and Macintosh versions of Mathcad.
Ultrastructural features of the bone response to a plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coating in sheep. (1997)

The intentions of this study were to characterize the macroscopic, microscopic, and structural aspects of a plasma-sprayed implant and to thoroughly investigate bone tissue response after its implantation in sheep. Therefore, we used scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray analyses. Assessment of the biomaterial prior to implantation showed a coating with irregular outlines and varying thickness, mainly consisting of hydroxyapatite (HA) covering a rough metallic implant core. Six months after insertion of the HA-coated Ti-6A1-4V implant, neither mechanical failure of the coating-substrate interface nor a significant loss of coating thickness was evident. However, an occasional lack of HA coating and phagocytosis of HA particles were noted. More generally, the implant was surrounded by well-mineralized bone investing the smallest cavities of the plasma-sprayed layer. Newly formed microcrystals with size, shape, and structure similar to those of bone apatite crystals were growing directly at the coating surface. These results suggest that the bone-bonding behavior of the considered grooved implant should provide satisfactory osseointegration and be suitable for fixed prostheses.
Hey, you, get off of my cloud (2009)

Third-party cloud computing represents the promise of outsourcing as applied to computation. Services, such as Microsoft's Azure and Amazon's EC2, allow users to instantiate virtual machines (VMs) on demand and thus purchase precisely the capacity they require when they require it. In turn, the use of virtualization allows third-party cloud providers to maximize the utilization of their sunk capital costs by multiplexing many customer VMs across a shared physical infrastructure. However, in this paper, we show that this approach can also introduce new vulnerabilities. Using the Amazon EC2 service as a case study, we show that it is possible to map the internal cloud infrastructure, identify where a particular target VM is likely to reside, and then instantiate new VMs until one is placed co-resident with the target. We explore how such placement can then be used to mount cross-VM side-channel attacks to extract information from a target VM on the same machine.
Mapping individual brains to guide restorative therapy after stroke: Rationale and pilot studies (2003)

Some treatments under development to improve motor outcome after stroke require information about organization of individual subject's brain. The current study aimed to characterize normal inter-subject differences in localization of motor functions, and to consider these findings in relation to a potential treatment of motor deficits after stroke. Functional MRI (fMRI) scanning in 14 subjects examined right index finger tapping, shoulder rotation, or facial movement. The largest activation cluster in left sensorimotor cortex was identified for each task, and its center expressed in Talairach stereotaxic coordinates. Across subjects, each task showed considerable variability in activation site coordinates. For example, during finger tapping, the range for center of activation was 7 mm in the x-axis, 19 mm in the y-axis, and 11 mm in the z-axis. The mean value for center of activation was significantly different for all three coordinates for all pairwise task comparisons. However, the distribution of activation site centers for the finger task overlapped with the other two tasks in the x- and y-axes, and with the shoulder task in the z-axis. On average, the center of activation for the three motor tasks were spatially separated and somatotopically distributed. However, across the population, there was considerable overlap in the center of activation site, especially for finger and shoulder movements. Restorative therapies that aim to target specific body segments, such as the hand, in the post-stroke motor system may need to map the individual brain rather than rely on population averages. Initial details are presented of a study using this approach to evaluate such a therapy.
Image stitching on the unmanned air vehicle in the indoor environment (2012)

This paper presents an image stitching algorithm for applied on the unmanned air vehicle in the indoor environment. Since the images are captured on this moving platform, the sudden vibration may cause the images blurred. These unclear frames must be removed for improving the quality of the mosaic image. Also, when stitching the images in the indoor environment, the distance between the scene and camera is closer than that in the outdoor air reconnaissance mission. The motion parallax easily exists in the continuously captured image sequence. The hierarchical image stitching method with the dominant image selection for a same scene is proposed to reduce the motion parallax region in the mosaic image. The experimental results validate the proposed image stitching algorithm producing a mosaic image with better image quality than that of the other method.
A Dynamic Master/Slave Reactive Power-Management Scheme for Smart Grids With Distributed Generation (2014)

This paper introduces a novel coordinated voltage-control (CVC) scheme for distributed generations (DGs) that relies on adaptively changing the roles (master or slave) of the devices [inverter-based DG, diesel generator, and online tap changer (OLTC)] within the smart grid, depending on system conditions. In addition, the proposed scheme imposes different control response and bandwidth on the devices to coordinate the reactive power among distributed generations (DGs) and OLTC steps. The main objective of the proposed method is twofold: 1) to maximize the reactive power reserve of DGs and, hence, facilitate reaction during contingency situations and 2) to provide voltage regulation during normal operating conditions. The simulated distribution system includes inverter-based DGs (photovoltaic and wind turbine), diesel generator, and OLTC and the potential of the CVC scheme is evaluated and analyzed in view of improving voltage profile, maximizing the reactive power reserve, enhancing fault ride through and improving the transient stability margin. The control algorithm is examined under steady state, load excursion, and three-phase-to-ground fault conditions. The results demonstrate the ability of the proposed CVC scheme to satisfy the targeted objectives with significant improvement in the maximum critical clearing time. The proposed scheme is independent of real-time measurements and is widely adaptive to the dynamics of power systems, thus making it quite suitable for utility implementation.
Enhanced performance of a CMOS interdigital capacitive humidity sensor by graphene oxide (2011)

This paper presents a CMOS interdigital capacitive humidity sensor based on graphene oxide, and the sensitivity of this humidity sensor was improved significantly by using graphene oxide as sensing material. The passivation between the Al electrodes and the sensing material was used to ensure the reliability of the capacitive-type humidity sensor. The experimental results show that, compared with the sensor using polyimide as sensing material, the sensitivity of the sensor based on graphene oxide is 23 times larger, and the response time of such a sensor is also improved greatly.
Strong, Hydrostable, and Degradable Straws Based on Cellulose‐Lignin Reinforced Composites (2021)

The huge consumption of single-use plastic straws has brought a long-lasting environmental problem. Paper straws, the current replacement for plastic straws, suffer from drawbacks, such as a high cost of the water-proof wax layer and poor water stability due to the easy delamination of the wax layer. It is therefore crucial to find a high-performing alternative to mitigate the environmental problems brought by plastic straws. In this paper, all natural, degradable, cellulose-lignin reinforced composite straws, inspired by the reinforcement principle of cellulose and lignin in natural wood are developed. The cellulose-lignin reinforced composite straw is fabricated by rolling up a wet film made of homogeneously mixed cellulose microfibers, cellulose nanofibers, and lignin powders, which is then baked in oven at 150 °C. When baked, lignin melts and infiltrates the micro-nanocellulose network, acting as a polyphenolic binder to improve the mechanical strength and hydrophobicity performance of the resulting straw. The obtained straws demonstrate several advantageous properties over paper straws, including 1) excellent mechanical performance, 2) high hydrostability, and 3) low cost. Moreover, the natural degradability of the cellulose-lignin reinforced composite straws makes them promising candidates to replace plastic straws and suggests possible substitutes for other petroleum-based plastics.