gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical properties of lipid bilayer membranes: relevance to membrane biological functions. (2000)

Over the last 25 years one of us (WKS) has been investigating physical properties of lipid bilayer membranes. In 1991 a group led by WKS was organized into the Laboratory of Structure and Dynamics of Biological Membranes, the effective member of which is AW. Using mainly the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-labeling method, we obtained unexpected results, which are significant for the better understanding of the functioning of biological membranes. We have developed a new pulse EPR spin-labeling method for the detection of membrane domains and evaluation of lipid exchange rates. This review will be focused on our main results which can be summarized as follows: (1) Unsaturation of alkyl chains greatly reduces the ordering and rigidifying effects of cholesterol although the unsaturation alone gives only minor fluidizing effects, as observed by order and reorientational motion, and rather significant rigidifying effects, as observed by translational motion of probe molecules; (2) Fluid-phase model membranes and cell plasma membranes are not barriers to oxygen and nitric oxide transport; (3) Polar carotenoids can regulate membrane fluidity in a way similar to cholesterol; (4) Formation of effective hydrophobic barriers to the permeation of small polar molecules across membranes requires alkyl chain unsaturation and/or the presence of cholesterol; (5) Fluid-phase micro-immiscibility takes place in cis-unsaturated phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol membranes and induces the formation of cholesterol-rich domains; (6) In membranes containing high concentrations of transmembrane proteins a new lipid domain is formed, with lipids trapped within aggregates of proteins, in which the lipid dynamics is diminished to the level of gel-phase.
Tyrosinase inhibitory flavonoid from Juniperus communis fruits (2016)

The fruits of Juniperus communis have been traditionally used in the treatment of skin diseases. In our preliminary experiment, the MeOH extract of J. communis effectively suppressed mushroom tyrosinase activity. Three monoflavonoids and five biflavonoids were isolated from J. communis by bioassay-guided isolation and their inhibitory effect against tyrosinase was evaluated. According to the results of all isolates, hypolaetin 7-O-β-xylopyranoside isolated from J. communis exhibited most potent effect of decreasing mushroom tyrosinase activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 45.15 μM. Further study provided direct experimental evidence for hypolaetin 7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-attenuated tyrosinase activity in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 murine melanoma cell. Hypolaetin 7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside from the EtOAc fraction of J. communis was also effective at suppressing α-MSH-induced melanin synthesis. This is the first report of the enzyme tyrosinase inhibition by J. communis and its constituent. Therapeutic attempts with J. communis and its active component, hypolaetin 7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, might be useful in treating melanin pigmentary disorders.
Queries, the missing link in automatic data integration (2012)

Abstract. This paper introduces the ontology mapping approach of a system that automatically integrates data sources into an ontology-based data integration system (OBDI). In addition to the target and source ontologies, the mapping al-gorithm requires a SPARQL query to determine the ontology mapping. Further, the mapping algorithm is dynamic: running each time a query is processed and producing only a partial mapping sufficient to reformulate the query. This approach enables the mapping algorithm to exploit query semantics to cor-rectly choose among ontology mappings that are indistinguishable when only the ontologies are considered. Also, the mapping associates paths with paths, instead of entities with entities. This approach simplifies query reformulation. The sys-tem achieves favorable results when compared to the algorithms developed for Clio, the best automated relational data integration system. We have developed an Ontology-based Data Integration (OBDI) system that departs from the conventional OBDI organization. The goal is to include automatic integration of new data sources, provided those data sources publish a self-describing ontology. A
Determination and Distribution of 6-Methoxymellein in Fresh and Processed Carrot Puree by a Rapid Spectrophotometric Assay (1999)

Isocoumarin or 6-methoxymellein (6-MM) was extracted from carrot tissue using alkali saponification to solubilize the lactone portion of its structure into an aqueous phase. Acidification and subsequent organic solvent extraction allowed isolates to be quantified and verified as 6-MM by spectrophotometric determination. 6-Methoxymellein was analyzed in carrot cross sections, as a function of depth and before and after thermal processing. A natural propensity for 6-MM accumulation was observed in root tip sections exposed to ethylene, and levels increased as a result of wounding. Consecutive layer peeling demonstrated that small-diameter roots accumulated greater amounts of 6-MM in periderm tissue compared to large roots. Processing carrots into a puree resulted in 10-25% greater extraction of 6-MM than grinding fresh carrot samples, whereas steam-cooked and thermally processed purees had 15% greater extraction than unheated purees. This analytical technique will allow carrot processors to accurately estimate raw and processed products for the bitter compound 6-MM.
Neural network trends for frequency control: a review (2002)

The purpose of this paper is first, to give the reader a comprehensive "state of the art" in the neural networks field, then to discuss what kind of help such processing techniques may bring in the frequency control area. So, we will give basic considerations about neural networks, explaining their principle. Then, we will show how they work and what kind of task they might perform, principally from the point of view of function approximation and pattern recognition. We will use this background to show some applications and to be critical on how neural networks may be used. Then, a review of frequency control fields where neural networks may be applied will be presented. In order to let the reader make up their own opinion, particular attention will be paid to the literature.
Rhodium(III)-CatalyzedOrthoHalogenations ofN-Acylsulfoximines and Synthetic Applications toward Functionalized Sulfoximine Derivatives (2017)

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed ortho brominations and iodinations of N-acylsulfoximines by C-H bond activations have been developed. Subsequent product functionalizations involving cross-coupling reactions provide alkynylated sulfoximine derivatives and benzothiazines with wide potential for further synthetic applications.
Modelling the distribution of outbreaks and Culicoides vectors in Sicily: towards predictive risk maps for Italy. (2010)

Vector (911 light-trap catches from 269 sites) and serological surveillance data were obtained during recent bluetongue (BT) outbreaks in Sicily. The distributions of Culicoides vectors are compared with that of bluetongue virus (BTV) to determine the relative role of different vectors in BTV transmission in Sicily. The 'best' climatic predictors of distribution for each vector species were selected from 40 remotely-sensed variables and altitude at a 1 km spatial resolution using discriminant analysis. These models were used to predict species presence in unsampled pixels across Italy. Although Culicoides imicola, the main European vector, was found in only 12% of sites, there was close correspondence between its spatial distribution and that of the 2000 and 2001 outbreaks. All three candidate vectors C. pulicaris, C. newsteadi and C. obsoletus group were widespread across 2002 outbreak sites but C. newsteadi was significantly less prevalent in outbreak versus non-outbreak sites in Messina and BTV has been isolated from wild-caught adults of both C. pulicaris and C. obsoletus in Italy. The yearly distribution and intensity of outbreaks is attributable to the distribution and abundance of the vectors operating in each year. Outbreaks were few and coastal in 2000 and 2001 due to the low abundance and prevalence of the vector, C. imicola. They were numerous and widespread in 2002, following hand-over of the virus to more prevalent and abundant novel vector species, C. pulicaris and C. obsoletus. Climatic determinants of distribution were species-specific, with those of C. obsoletus group and C. newsteadi predicted by temperature variables, and those of C. pulicaris and C. imicola determined mainly by normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), a variable correlated with soil moisture, vegetation biomass and productivity. The predicted continuous presence of C. pulicaris along the Appenine mountains, from north to south Italy, suggests BTV transmission may be possible in a large proportion of this region and that seasonal transhumance between C. imicola-free areas should not generally be considered safe. Future distribution models for C. imicola in Sicily should include non-climatic environmental variables that may influence breeding site suitability such as soil type.
Processing, microstructure and irreversibility of large-grain Nd-Ba-Cu-O (2000)

The fabrication of Nd-Ba-Cu-O (NdBCO), which exhibits significant potential for high-field engineering applications, is extremely sensitive to firing atmosphere, undercooling and secondary phase content and presents considerably greater processing challenges than that of other (RE)BCO superconductors. A detailed study of NdBCO grain growth rate has been performed and a schematic process phase diagram constructed in the peritectic solidification region from isothermal growth experiments at various temperatures for several NdBCO compositions. This phase diagram has been used to fabricate large, single grains up to 2 cm in diameter of NdBa2Cu3O7 (Nd-123) containing 15 mol% of non-superconducting Nd4Ba2Cu2O10 (Nd-422) phase inclusions using a top-seeded melt growth technique (TSMG) in reduced oxygen partial pressure. Magnetization measurements of samples cut from a large grain exhibit a pronounced peak effect over a wide temperature and field region and an anisotropic irreversibility line for fields applied parallel (≈9 T at 77 K) and perpendicular (extrapolates to greater than 40 T at 77 K) to the crystallographic c-axis. The temperature dependence of both the measured critical current density, Jc, and that associated with extrinsic pinning in this material has been observed to follow a power law above ≈70 K, suggesting that the density of pinning sites does not vary significantly with temperature.
A Compact Wakefield Accelerator for a High Repetition Rate Multi User X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (2018)

A concept is presented for a multi beamline x-ray FEL user facility driven by an array of highly efficient compact collinear wakefield accelerators (CWA) where Čerenkov radiation of a 400 MeV high charge drive bunch is used to accelerate a low charge witness bunch to 2 GeV to produce soft x-rays in the FEL. The CWA design is based on a cylindrical corrugated waveguide with a 2 mm internal diameter embedded into a focusing channel of quadrupole magnets with a 3 mm aperture. The accelerating gradient for the witness bunch ~ 100 MeV/m is limited by a beam break up instability of the drive bunch and hybrid permanent magnet quadrupole lenses with the maximum field gradient ~ 0.9 T/mm are used to facilitate Balakin-Novokhatsky-Smirnov damping adapted here to a case of strong longitudinal and transverse wakefields. A self-consistent design of a CWA with an optimal lattice for the focusing channel, bunch shape for the drive bunch, and Green’s function for the corrugated waveguide has been developed and verified numerically. Obtaining the witness bunch with a minimum energy spread is also discussed. Finally, results are presented for the expected FEL performance using a carefully selected undulator taper.
Pembrolizumab Joins the Anti-PD-1 Armamentarium in the Treatment of Melanoma (2015)

Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the PD-1 receptor on T cells and prevents binding to its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. Blocking this receptor frees T cells from the inhibitory effects of PD-L1 and allows them to mediate antitumor effects against cancer cells. In a large Phase I study of 411 patients with melanoma, high durable response rates over a range of doses and schedules have been shown with very little toxicity. A Phase III study of pembrolizumab comparing two schedules of administration with the current standard treatment with the anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody is in progress. Combinations with other checkpoint inhibitors as well as other anticancer agents are also being evaluated. Approval of pembrolizumab for the treatment of melanoma is expected.
A Novel Compensation Method for FOG Temperature Drift Based on TUKF (2014)

Aiming at the problem of modeling and compensation of the fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) drift caused by temperature, a novel compensation method for FOG temperature drift based on transformed unscented Kalman filter (TUKF) is proposed. Elman network with faster convergence speed is used to modeling and TUKF algorithm is adopted to train the weights of Elman network, which effectively solves the problem of numerical instability. The results prove that the proposed method has higher precision compared with Elman network and IUKF network models. By using the TUKF algorithm, the root mean square errors (RMSE) are improved by 60% in temperature rise period and 50.5% in fall period.
A fibronectin-like molecule is present in the developing cat cerebral cortex and is correlated with subplate neurons. (1988)

The subplate is a transient zone of the developing cerebral cortex through which postmitotic neurons migrate and growing axons elongate en route to their adult positions within the cortical plate. To learn more about the cellular interactions that occur in this zone, we have examined whether fibronectins (FNs), a family of molecules known to promote migration and elongation in other systems, are present during the fetal and postnatal development of the cat's cerebral cortex. Three different anti-FN antisera recognized a single broad band with an apparent molecular mass of 200-250 kD in antigen-transfer analyses (reducing conditions) of plasma-depleted (perfused) whole fetal brain or synaptosome preparations, indicating that FNs are present at these ages. This band can be detected as early as 1 mo before birth at embryonic day 39. Immunohistochemical examination of the developing cerebral cortex from animals between embryonic day 46 and postnatal day 7 using any of the three antisera revealed that FN-like immunoreactivity is restricted to the subplate and the marginal zones, and is not found in the cortical plate. As these zones mature into their adult counterparts (the white matter and layer 1 of the cerebral cortex), immunostaining gradually disappears and is not detectable by postnatal day 70. Previous studies have shown that the subplate and marginal zones contain a special, transient population of neurons (Chun, J. J. M., M. J. Nakamura, and C. J. Shatz. 1987. Nature (Lond.). 325:617-620). The FN-like immunostaining in the subplate and marginal zone is closely associated with these neurons, and some of the immunostaining delineates them. Moreover, the postnatal disappearance of FN-like immunostaining from the subplate is correlated spatially and temporally with the disappearance of the subplate neurons. When subplate neurons are killed by neurotoxins, FN-like immunostaining is depleted in the lesioned area. These observations show that an FN-like molecule is present transiently in the subplate of the developing cerebral cortex and, further, is spatially and temporally correlated with the transient subplate neurons. The presence of FNs within this zone, but not in the cortical plate, suggests that the extracellular milieu of the subplate mediates a unique set of interactions required for the development of the cerebral cortex.
Comunicación efectiva de las políticas de compensación y beneficios (2019)

La compensacion total, la flexibilidad y la personalizacion son los aspectos mas demandados en la actualidad por los empleados. Una buena comunicacion de los mismos es tan importante como su gestion.
Effects of Pressure and Oxygen Concentration on the Combustion of Different Coals (1998)

A pyrometric method was used for simultaneous in situ measurement of the temperature and size of individual coal particles in a pressurized entrained flow reactor. Several series of measurements were made in the gas temperature range 1150−1270 K to study the effects of pressure (0.2−1.0 MPa) and oxygen volume fraction (3−30 vol %) on the particle temperature and size distributions and on the mean degree of burnoff at well-defined residence times. The fuels used in the experiments varied strongly in their reactivity: lignite from France (Gardanne), high-volatile bituminous (hvb) coals from Germany (Westerholt, Göttelborn) and Poland (mixture), and anthracite from Germany (Niederberg). Milled fuel was sieved into nominal-size fractions in the range from 75 to 180 μm. The strongest increase in combustion rate at increased pressure occurred for anthracite, which was the least reactive among the fuels studied. This is shown by increasing the mass-loss rate and increasing particle temperatures. Pressure had no effect on the combustion of the lignite sample, the most reactive fuel studied. Some evidence of swelling of hvb coal particles was observed during the early stages of combustion. The particle size remained roughly unchanged until the degree of burnoff exceeded 90%, whereafter the particle size started to decrease due to fragmentation. Experimental results from particle temperature measurements at various oxygen concentrations are compared with literature data. Results from in situ particle measurements including size and temperature recording have not been presented previously at elevated pressures for such a wide range of coals. Measurements on combustion rates, particle temperatures and particle sizes were analyzed with a single-particle combustion model. The effect of pressure on the surface reaction kinetics for an anthracite was found to be small compared to the oxygen content and temperature.
Hydrogen Bonds Guide the Short‐Lived 5′‐Deoxyadenosyl Radical to the Place of Action (2012)

Radical chaperone: Recent research reveals how the 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical (see structure) is generated by homolysis of the CoC σ-bond of enzyme-bound coenzyme B12 and how it is guided to the substrate through pseudorotation of the ribose moiety and hydrogen-bonding interactions.
Virologic and Biochemical Changes and Prognosis after Liver Resection for Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2001)

Patients with acute postoperative exacerbation of hepatitis, sustained HBsAg expression, and sustained high serum concentrations of HBV DNA after surgery may require more intensive postoperative monitoring for HCC recurrence.
Commensal Homeostasis of Gut Microbiota-Host for the Impact of Obesity (2018)

Gut microbiota and their metabolites have been linked to a series of chronic diseases such as obesity and other metabolic dysfunctions. Obesity is an increasingly serious international health issue that may lead to a risk of insulin resistance and other metabolic diseases. The relationship between gut microbiota and the host is both interdependent and relatively independent. In this review, the causality of gut microbiota and its role in the pathogenesis and intervention of obesity is comprehensively presented to include human genotype, enterotypes, interactions of gut microbiota with the host, microbial metabolites, and energy homeostasis all of which may be influenced by dietary nutrition. Diet can enhance, inhibit, or even change the composition and functions of the gut microbiota. The metabolites they produce depend upon the dietary substrates provided, some of which have indispensable functions for the host. Therefore, diet is a key factor that maintains or not a healthy commensal relationship. In addition, the specific genotype of the host may impact the phylogenetic compositions of gut microbiota through the production of host metabolites. The commensal homeostasis of gut microbiota is favored by a balance of microbial composition, metabolites, and energy. Ultimately the desired commensal relationship is one of mutual support. This article analyzes the clues that result in patterns of commensal homeostasis. A deeper understanding of these interactions is beneficial for developing effective prevention, diagnosis, and personalized therapeutic strategies to combat obesity and other metabolic diseases. The idea we discuss is meant to improve human health by shaping or modulating the beneficial gut microbiota.
Pumpkin phloem lectin genes are specifically expressed in companion cells. (1992)

Pumpkin phloem exudate contains two abundant phloem proteins: PP1 is a 96-kD protein that forms polymeric filaments in vivo, and PP2 is a 48-kD dimeric lectin. Polyclonal antibodies raised against pumpkin phloem exudate were used to isolate several cDNAs corresponding to PP1 and PP2. RNA gel blot analysis indicated that PP1 is encoded by an mRNA of approximately 2500 nucleotides, whereas PP2 subunits are encoded by an mRNA of 1000 nucleotides. Sequence analysis of PP2 cDNAs revealed a 654-bp open reading frame encoding a 218-amino acid polypeptide; this polypeptide had the carbohydrate binding characteristics of a PP2 subunit. The PP2 mRNA was localized within the phloem of pumpkin hypocotyl cross-sections based on in situ hybridization of a digoxigenin-labeled antisense probe. PP2 mRNA was found within the companion cells in both the bicollateral vascular bundles and the extrafascicular phloem network.
Counting glomeruli and podocytes (2015)

This review describes current gold-standard methods for estimating glomerular and podocyte number, as well as methods developed in the past 3 years. We are now better placed than ever before to accurately and precisely estimate glomerular and podocyte number, and examine relationships between these measurements and kidney health and disease.
Refactoring support for class library migration (2005)

As object-oriented class libraries evolve, classes are occasionally deprecated in favor of others with roughly the same functionality. In Java's standard libraries, for example, class Hashtable has been superseded by HashMap, and Iterator is now preferred over Enumeration. Migrating client applications to use the new idioms is often desirable, but making the required changes to declarations and allocation sites can be quite labor-intensive. Moreover, migration becomes complicated---and sometimes impossible---if an application interacts with external components, if a legacy class is not completely equivalent to its replacement, or if multiple interdependent classes must be migrated simultaneously. We present an approach in which mappings between legacy classes and their replacements are specified by the programmer. Then, an analysis based on type constraints determines where declarations and allocation sites can be updated. The method was implemented in Eclipse, and evaluated on a number of Java applications. On average, our tool could migrate more than 90% of the references to legacy classes.
Interactive space (2013)

Prototyping gestural and multitouch applications for desktop and mid-air interaction still requires expensive non-portable equipment, complex setup and calibration, and often reimplementation of tracking algorithms. We present Interactive Space, a prototyping framework designed to ease exploration of touch and gestural interaction in real-world settings. For us this is a first step in developing interfaces for electronic medical records to be evaluated in clinical settings. The main contribution is a simple flexible system that supports interaction on and above the desktop, and includes a semi-automatic calibration mechanism that makes it highly portable. We describe the framework, SDK, calibration method, limitations, availability, and a preliminary evaluation.