gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The U.S. Sorghum Industry (1980)

Sorghum has become a major feed grain crop in recent years, complementing the development of the feedlot industry in the Southwest where most U.S. sorghum is produced. About 72 percent of the crop is fed domestically; exports account for 26 percent. Seed, food, and industrial use totaled less than 1 percent of total demand in the past 10 years. The entire U.S, sorghum subsector, from producer to end-user, is described as are the factors affecting supply and demand: production costs, supply trends, production geography, stock levels, Government policy, market structure, prices, and world production and trade.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Formation of Cyclic Ethers – Regio‐, Stereo‐ and Enantioselectivity of the Reaction (2007)

Abstract An efficient and stereoselective synthesis of 3‐alkyl‐3‐hydroxymethyl‐5‐vinyltetrahydrofurans is described by the Pd 0 ‐catalyzed cyclization of the methyl carbonates of ω,ω‐bis(hydroxymethyl)‐α,β‐unsaturated alcohols. The use of chiral ligands gave the corresponding THF derivatives in low to moderate enantiomeric ratios. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Progress in Drug Research / Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung / Progrès des recherches pharmaceutiques (1969)

Ten years have elapsed since the appearance of the first Volume and it is with great pleasure that the Editor is now able to present Volume 13. During these ten years various fields of drug research h
Myocardial Injury and Altered Gene Expression Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection or mRNA Vaccination (2022)

SARS CoV-2 enters host cells via its Spike protein moiety binding to the essential cardiac enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, followed by internalization. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are RNA sequences that are translated into Spike protein, which follows the same ACE2-binding route as the intact virion. In model systems, isolated Spike protein can produce cell damage and altered gene expression, and myocardial injury or myocarditis can occur during COVID-19 or after mRNA vaccination. We investigated 7 COVID-19 and 6 post–mRNA vaccination patients with myocardial injury and found nearly identical alterations in gene expression that would predispose to inflammation, coagulopathy, and myocardial dysfunction.
Un estudio de las ayudas directas a la natalidad como instrumento para incentivar la fecundidad y luchar contra la despoblación (2002)

Aragon ha experimentado en los ultimos anos un importante descenso en sus tasas de mortalidad y de natalidad, que esta contribuyendo, junto al masivo proceso de emigracion de sus habitantes hacia las ciudades de decadas anteriores, al envejecimiento relativo de la poblacion, lo cual, es una cuestion central en el problema de la despoblacion. El acusado envejecimiento de la poblacion aragonesa arroja oscuras perspectivas sobre la capacidad de sus municipios y comarcas para asegurar el mantenimiento de los volumenes de poblacion existentes, y sobre la posibilidad de que la actividad economica se mantenga en el nivel actual, ya que los indices de reemplazo de la poblacion en edad activa tambien son preocupantes.
Data from α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> Integrin-dependent antiangiogenic activity of resveratrol stereoisomers (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Angiogenesis is target for antineoplastic and chemopreventive therapies. The natural phytoalexin resveratrol is found in grapes and red wine as &lt;i&gt;cis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt; stereoisomers. &lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt;-Resveratrol shows antiangiogenic activity, but its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated. Recently, &lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt;-resveratrol has been shown to interact with the β&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; integrin subunit, raising the possibility that inhibition of endothelial α&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;β&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; integrin function may concur to its angiosuppressive activity. To get novel insights about the antiangiogenic activity of resveratrol, we compared &lt;i&gt;cis&lt;/i&gt;- and &lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt;-resveratrol stereoisomers for their effect on the angiogenesis process and endothelial α&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;β&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; integrin function. &lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt;-Resveratrol inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and the repair of mechanically wounded endothelial cell monolayers. Also, it prevents endothelial cell sprouting in fibrin gel, collagen gel invasion, and morphogenesis on Matrigel. &lt;i&gt;In vivo, trans&lt;/i&gt;-resveratrol inhibits vascularization of the chick embryo area vasculosa and murine melanoma B16 tumor growth and neovascularization. In all the assays, &lt;i&gt;cis&lt;/i&gt;-resveratrol exerts a limited, if any, effect. In keeping with these observations, &lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt;-resveratrol, but not &lt;i&gt;cis&lt;/i&gt;-resveratrol, inhibits α&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;β&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; integrin-dependent endothelial cell adhesion and the recruitment of enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged β&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; integrin in focal adhesion contacts. In conclusion, stereoisomery affects the antiangiogenic activity of resveratrol, the &lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt; isomer being significantly more potent than the &lt;i&gt;cis&lt;/i&gt; isoform. The different antiangiogenic potential of resveratrol stereoisomers is related, at least in part, to their different capacity to affect α&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;β&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; integrin function. This may have profound implications for the design of synthetic antiangiogenic/angiopreventive phytoalexin derivatives. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(12):3761–70]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Synthesis of the new 6-carba-nido-dodecahydrodecaborate(–1) and 4-carba-nido-nonaborane(14) (1976)

Reduction of 6-Me3N-6-CB9H11(I) to 6-CB9H12–(II) and hydrolytic degradation of (II) to 4-CB8H14(III), the first monocarbaborane belonging to the arachno-series, are described; structures for these compounds are proposed on the basis of their genesis and n.m.r. spectra.
Integration of Adaptive Control and Reinforcement Learning for Real-Time Control and Learning (2023)

This article considers the problem of real-time control and learning in dynamic systems subjected to parameteric uncertainties. We propose a combination of a reinforcement learning (RL)-based policy in the outer loop suitably chosen to ensure stability and optimality for the nominal dynamics, together with adaptive control (AC) in the inner loop so that in real-time AC contracts the closed-loop dynamics toward a stable trajectory traced out by RL. In total, two classes of nonlinear dynamic systems are considered, both of which are control affine. The first class of dynamic systems utilizes equilibrium points and a Lyapunov approach, whereas second class of nonlinear systems uses contraction theory. AC-RL controllers are proposed for both classes of systems and shown to lead to online policies that guarantee stability using a high-order tuner and accommodate parameteric uncertainties and magnitude limits on the input. In addition to establishing a stability guarantee with real-time control, the AC-RL controller is also shown to lead to parameter learning with persistent excitation for the first class of systems. Numerical validations of all algorithms are carried out using a quadrotor landing task on a moving platform.
Salt-induced plasticity in cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflexes in salt-resistant hypertensive patients. (1991)

To investigate the effects of salt loading on cardiopulmonary and arterial baroreceptor reflexes, 34 hypertensive patients underwent two 4-day periods with different dietary sodium intakes (70 and 370 meq/day). The patients were classified as salt-sensitive or salt-resistant depending on whether the mean arterial pressure value obtained on day 4 of high salt intake did or did not increase by 8% or more. In 22 patients cardiopulmonary and carotid baroreceptor reflexes were assessed during each dietary period by measuring the reflex responses to the application of -10 mm Hg lower body negative pressure and of +60 mm Hg increase in neck tissue pressure. Salt-resistant patients (n = 16) retained less sodium than salt-sensitive patients (n = 6) and showed a reduction in plasma norepinephrine and forearm vascular resistance during high sodium intake, whereas the salt-sensitive patients did not. During low sodium diet, no significant differences could be detected in the reflex responses to cardiopulmonary and carotid baroreceptor unloading between the two groups. High salt diet, however, potentiated the gain of cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflex, which was expressed as the increase in plasma norepinephrine or forearm vascular resistance per millimeter of mercury decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, only in the salt-resistant hypertensive patients. In addition, the atrial natriuretic factor response to changes in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was significantly enhanced by high salt intake only in the salt-resistant hypertensive patients. The reflex responses to carotid baroreceptor unloading were unaffected by salt loading in either group. In the remaining 12 patients, the hemodynamic effects of graded lower body negative pressure (-5, -10, -15 mm Hg) and neck tissue positive pressure (+30, +45, +60 mm Hg) were tested for both diets. Again, high salt intake significantly potentiated the cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflex gain, expressed as the slope of the linear correlation between the changes in forearm vascular resistance (mm Hg/ml/min/100 g) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mm Hg), in salt-resistant (from 3.8 +/- 0.9 to 7.2 +/- 1.0, p less than 0.05) but not in salt-sensitive patients (from 4.2 +/- 0.9 to 3.2 +/- 0.6, NS). In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that high salt diet potentiates cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflexes and enhances atrial natriuretic factor response in salt-resistant but not in salt-sensitive hypertensive patients. The salt-induced plasticity of cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflexes may exert a protective effect against the development of salt-induced hypertension by augmenting the reflex vasodilatory response to volume expansion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
우리나라 특수교사의 자질 및 교사양성 과제에 관한 논의 (2008)

본 논문은 다음과 같은 내용의 범위를 가지고 우리나라 특수교사의 자질을 제안한다: 첫째, 21세기 포스트모더니즘의 교육과 특수교육의 과제를 진술하고, 그에 따른 특수교사의 역할수행을 제안한다. 둘째, 특수교육법에서 본 특수교사의 수행역할을 도출하고 그에 따른 교사의 자질을 제안하여, 그 자질 및 역할 영역이...
On the definition of patterns for semantic annotation (2010)

The semantic annotation of documents is an additional advantage for retrieval, as long as the annotations and their maintenance process scale well. Automatic or semi-automatic annotation tools help in this matter with the use of patterns. In this paper we analyze the advantages of creating these patterns with standard web languages, as well as the requirements they should meet. We adopt the Speech Recognition Grammar Specification, by the W3C, initially intended for speech recognition in the Web. Our objective is to achieve its full adaptation to the information extraction processes, exploiting its powerful recognition, reuse and flexibility capabilities.
Comparison of methods for retroviral mediated transfer of glucocerebrosidase gene to CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (1998)

Gaucher disease is an excellent candidate for gene therapy by transduction of hematopoitic stem cells. In this study, we compared methods which allow an increase in transfer of the glucocerebrosidase gene to human hematopoietic progenitor cells. Several techniques were employed, including the use of cytokines, bone marrow stroma, fibronectin, centrifugal enhancement and in vitro long-term culture. The effect of prestimulation with cytokines interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and stem cell factor (SCF) on transduction of cord blood CD34+ cells was examined. The results suggest that 16-h prestimulation was sufficient for efficient transduction. We examined the effect of bone marrow stroma and fibronectin, both of which increased transduction efficiency up to 36% and 44%, respectively, as measured by PCR for the integrated GC-cDNA in clonogenic cells (9% without any support). Transduction efficiency of 83% was obtained using 2-h centrifugation. Combining centrifugation and in vitro culture in long-term bone marrow culture media containing cytokines (IL-3/IL-6/SCF), CD34+ cells from cord blood and peripheral blood of 3 Gaucher patients were transduced weekly for 21 d. The results of 6 separate experiments consistently demonstrated transduction efficiency of 100% after 7-d in vitro culture. This transduction protocol combining centrifugation and in vitro long-term culture is an attractive method and can be applied to clinical trials.
Betaines and Related Osmoprotectants. Targets for Metabolic Engineering of Stress Resistance1 (1999)

Osmoprotectants (also termed compatible solutes) occur in all organisms from archaebacteria to higher plants and animals. They are highly soluble compounds that carry no net charge at physiological pH and are nontoxic at high concentrations. Osmoprotectants serve to raise osmotic pressure in the
Envenomation by the Scorpion Centruroides Sculpturatus (1983)

Envenomation by the scorpion C. sculpturatus can be life threatening. The action of the venom is to produce prolonged and excessive firing of neuronal axons which results in a wide variety of signs and symptoms. Records of 670 patients suffering from scorpion stings in central Arizona in 1982 were reviewed to characterize the clinical course of these patients. While adults appear to be stung more often than children, children are more likely to develop a severe illness requiring intensive supportive care. The intravenous administration of specific C. sculpturatus antivenom results in resolution of serious signs and symptoms within minutes, with patients completely asymptomatic within 1 1/2 hours. The administration of antivenom is recommended as the treatment of choice for severe envenomations after the initiation of appropriate supportive care.
Miniature RNAs are embedded in an exceptionally protein-rich mitoribosome via an elaborate assembly pathway (2023)

The mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has diverged drastically from its evolutionary progenitor, the bacterial ribosome. Structural and compositional diversity is particularly striking in the phylum Euglenozoa, with an extraordinary protein gain in the mitoribosome of kinetoplastid protists. Here we report an even more complex mitoribosome in diplonemids, the sister-group of kinetoplastids. Affinity pulldown of mitoribosomal complexes from Diplonema papillatum, the diplonemid type species, demonstrates that they have a mass of > 5 MDa, contain as many as 130 integral proteins, and exhibit a protein-to-RNA ratio of 11:1. This unusual composition reflects unprecedented structural reduction of ribosomal RNAs, increased size of canonical mitoribosomal proteins, and accretion of three dozen lineage-specific components. In addition, we identified >50 candidate assembly factors, around half of which contribute to early mitoribosome maturation steps. Because little is known about early assembly stages even in model organisms, our investigation of the diplonemid mitoribosome illuminates this process. Together, our results provide a foundation for understanding how runaway evolutionary divergence shapes both biogenesis and function of a complex molecular machine.
GPU-Accelerated FDTD Modeling of Radio-Frequency Field–Tissue Interactions in High-Field MRI (2011)

The analysis of high-field RF field-tissue interactions requires high-performance finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computing. Conventional CPU-based FDTD calculations offer limited computing performance in a PC environment. This study presents a graphics processing unit (GPU)-based parallel-computing framework, producing substantially boosted computing efficiency (with a two-order speedup factor) at a PC-level cost. Specific details of implementing the FDTD method on a GPU architecture have been presented and the new computational strategy has been successfully applied to the design of a novel 8-element transceive RF coil system at 9.4 T. Facilitated by the powerful GPU-FDTD computing, the new RF coil array offers optimized fields (averaging 25% improvement in sensitivity, and 20% reduction in loop coupling compared with conventional array structures of the same size) for small animal imaging with a robust RF configuration. The GPU-enabled acceleration paves the way for FDTD to be applied for both detailed forward modeling and inverse design of MRI coils, which were previously impractical.
Reduced Graphene Oxide on Nickel Foam for Supercapacitor Electrodes (2017)

The focus of this paper is the investigation of reduced graphene oxide (GO)/nickel foam (RGON) samples for use as supercapacitor electrodes. Nickel foam samples were soaked in a GO suspension and dried before being subjected to two different methods to remove oxygen. Atmospheric pressure annealed (APA) samples were treated with a varying number (10-18) of nitrogen plasma jet scans, where sample temperatures did not exceed 280 °C. Furnace annealed (FA) samples were processed in an atmosphere of hydrogen and argon, at temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 900 °C. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) data indicated that the carbon to oxygen (C:O) ratio for APA samples was minimized at an intermediate number of plasma scans. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopic data supported this finding. ESEM analysis from FA samples showed that with increasing temperatures of annealing, GO is transformed to reduced graphene oxide (RGO), with C:O ratios exceeding 35:1. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data indicated the formation of RGO with an increasing annealing temperature until 800 °C, when oxygen reincorporation in the surface atomic layers becomes an issue. Supercapacitors, constructed using the FA samples, demonstrated performances that correlated with surface atomic layer optimization of the C:O ratio.
Pharmacokinetics of Cefodizime in Volunteers with Normal or Impaired Renal Function (1994)

The pharmacokinetics of single, 1- or 2-g intravenous doses of cefodizime were studied in subjects with normal, impaired renal function or requiring chronic hemodialysis. Drug concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Forty-five subjects (20 with creatinine clearance of > or = 90 mL/min, 15 with creatine clearances between 5 and 89 mL/min, and 10 requiring chronic hemodialysis) were studied. The concentration-time curve of cefodizime was best represented by an open two-compartment model. The elimination half-lives in subjects with normal (Group 1) and impaired renal function (Group 2) or requiring chronic hemodialysis (Group 3) were 4.14 +/- 1.55, 5.10 +/- 2.24, and 10.1 +/- 6.01 hours, respectively (Group 3 versus 1 or 2, P < .05; Group 1 versus 2, P > .05). The total body (serum) clearances in the same groups were 3 +/- 0.52, 2.22 +/- 0.61, and 0.99 +/- 0.33 L/hour, respectively (Group 1 versus 2 or 3, P < .05; Group 2 versus 3, P < .05). Although renal function has an effect on the pharmacokinetics of cefodizime, its effect on the elimination half life is marginal in subjects with creatinine clearance of more than 25 mL/min. In individuals with more severe renal impairment or those requiring chronic hemodialysis, dosage adjustment would be required.
Microstrip Antenna with Hexagonal Slots for UWB Applications (2013)

A micro strip antenna with a semi-elliptical patch and an L shaped micro strip feed line is incorporated. It is printed on a 4cm × 5cm × 1.6mm Fire Redundant-4 epoxy substrate (FR-4). Dual hexagonal slots are incorporated on a partial ground plane which comprises of a rectangular and a semi circular portion. The input impedance, return loss, radiation pattern and VSWR plots are presented. The proposed antenna design is feasible for UWB applications.
Shape measurement of transparent objects with polarization imaging (2008)

This paper deals with a 3D measurement system based on the "Shape from Polarization" method applied for transparent objects. The method is an application of polarization imaging techniques and its principle is as follows: after being reflected, an unpolarized light becomes partially linearly polarized. By analyzing its polarization parameters and by knowing the refractive index of the object to be controlled, the surface normals can be evaluated. Finally, the 3D shape is obtained by integrating the normals field. Section 1 introduces the opportunity to use polarisation imaging, section 2 recalls the measurement method and describes the angle measurement ambiguities naturally appearing and discusses how to overcome them, section 3 introduces the measurement setup and a part of its calibration and section 4 describes some examples on transparent objects.
Nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for restricted nitrogen inversion and nonplanarity in perfluoro-4-chloro-2-halo-1,2-oxazetidines (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear magnetic resonance evidence for restricted nitrogen inversion and nonplanarity in perfluoro-4-chloro-2-halo-1,2-oxazetidinesJosephine D. ReadioCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 5, 1607–1611Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00830a075RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (661 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Comprehensive Survey of 6G Wireless Communications (2020)

While fifth-generation (5G) communications are being rolled out worldwide, sixth-generation (6G) communications have attracted much attention from both the industry and the academia. Compared with 5G, 6G will have a wider frequency band, higher transmission rate, spectrum efficiency, greater connection capacity, shorter delay, broader coverage, and more robust anti-interference capability to satisfy various network requirements. This survey presents an insightful understanding of 6G wireless communications by introducing requirements, features, critical technologies, challenges, and applications. First, we give an overview of 6G from perspectives of technologies, security and privacy, and applications. Subsequently, we introduce various 6G technologies and their existing challenges in detail, e.g., artificial intelligence (AI), intelligent surfaces, THz, space-air-ground-sea integrated network, cell-free massive MIMO, etc. Because of these technologies, 6G is expected to outperform existing wireless communication systems regarding the transmission rate, latency, global coverage, etc. Next, we discuss security and privacy techniques that can be applied to protect data in 6G. Since edge devices are expected to gain popularity soon, the vast amount of generated data and frequent data exchange make the leakage of data easily. Finally, we predict real-world applications built on the technologies and features of 6G; for example, smart healthcare, smart city, and smart manufacturing will be implemented by taking advantage of AI.