gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical impedance tomography using a 3-D boundary element inverse solution (2005)

In this paper, we describe a 3-D boundary element method (BEM) solution to the forward and inverse problems of electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Our target application is to use EIT to reconstruct a conductivity map to be used in the inverse problem of electrocardiography. However the method is quite general, subject to the restriction that the geometry must be known and only the conductivities need to be reconstructed. The principle advantage of a BEM solution to EIT is that it imposes the assumption that the internal organ conductivities are piecewise constant in the volume, which dramatically decreases the number of unknowns. It appears that our formulation of the inverse problem leads to a stable minimization problem.
High‐efficiency p‐i‐n organic light‐emitting diodes with long lifetime (2005)

Abstract— High‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are promoting future applications of solid‐state lighting and flat‐panel displays. We demonstrate here that the performance demands for OLEDs are met by the PIN (p‐doped hole‐transport layer/intrinsically conductive emission layer/n‐doped electron‐transport layer) approach. This approach enables high current efficiency, low driving voltage, as well as long OLED lifetimes. Data on very‐high‐efficiency diodes (power efficiencies exceeding 70 lm/W) incorporating a double‐emission layer, comprised of two bipolar layers doped with tris(phenylpyridine)iridium [Ir(ppy) 3 ], into the PIN architecture are shown. Lifetimes of more than 220,000 hours at a brightness of 150 cd/m 2 are reported for a red PIN diode. The PIN approach further allows the integration of highly efficient top‐emitting diodes on a wide range of substrates. This is an important factor, especially for display applications where the compatibility of PIN OLEDs with various kinds of substrates is a key advantage. The PIN concept is very compatible with different backplanes, including passive‐matrix substrates as well as active‐matrix substrates on low‐temperature polysilicon (LTPS) or, in particular, amorphous silicon (a‐Si).
Seromas in residual fibrous capsules after explantation: mammographic and sonographic appearances. (1995)

Radiologists must be aware of the imaging findings associated with seromas and of a patient's surgical history to avoid biopsy of benign lesions.
Wire Media-Ferrite subsrate for Patch Antenna Miniaturization. (2007)

International audience
High frequency characteristics of InAs/GaInAs quantumdot distributed feedback lasers emitting at 1.3 µm (2001)

The high frequency properties of InAs/GaInAs quantum dot distributed feedback (DFB) lasers emitting at 1.3 µm have been examined. The lasers display a small static linewidth of 1.3 MHz and a chirp as low as 83 MHz/mA. More than 5 GHz small-signal modulation bandwidth was observed in first devices indicating the potential for high-speed operation of quantum dot lasers.
BK virus antigenic variants: Sequence analysis within the capsid VP1 epitope (1993)

DNA sequences for the VP1 gene which codes for the major capsid protein of BK virus (BKV) and may be responsible for antigenic variability were determined for seven BKV isolates. The observed sequence differences and those previously reported correlate with the typing of isolates into four groups by haemagglutination inhibition. Amino acid coding alterations were found to be clustered within residues 61 to 83. Each antigenic group was found to have a characteristic amino acid sequence between residues 61 and 83. Several clones originating from a single isolate, although differing slightly in restriction enzyme digestion patterns, were found to be identical in this region. The VP1 sequences of three of the four groups were analysed by hydropathy plots and two hydrophilic areas of high antigenicity were identified. One of these corresponds to residues 61 to 83 and it is postulated that this region is the epitope responsible for serotypic differences between BK isolates.
Doing feminist ethnography: lessons from feminist classrooms (1993)

This essay describes the methodology employed in an ethnographic study of eighteen feminist college teachers. The themes of mastery, authority, and positionality were used to analyze pedagogies in these classrooms. These themes are explored in terms of their methodological implications and the articulation of the authors’ relationships with their informants and their concerns as feminist ethnographers.
Elicitation of Factored Utilities (2008)

The effective tailoring of decisions to the needs and desires of specific users requires automated mechanisms for preference assessment. We provide a brief overview of recent direct preference elicitation methods: these methods ask users to answer (ideally, a small number of) queries regarding their preferences and use this information to recommend a feasible decision that would be (approximately) optimal given those preferences. We argue for the importance of assessing numerical utilities rather than qualitative preferences and survey several utility elicitation techniques from artificial intelligence, operations research, and conjoint analysis.
Depth distribution and bonding states of phosphorus implanted in titanium investigated by AES, XPS and SIMS (1998)

The depth distribution of phosphorus implanted in titanium at 20 keV with doses ranging from 1×1015 to 3×1017 cm−2 was investigated by AES, SIMS and XPS. For small doses (⩽1016 cm−2) Gaussian-like phosphorus profiles have been observed. For doses >1017 cm−2 the depth profiles suggest that a TiP-like surface layer is formed without additional thermal treatment. In the implanted layer a certain amount of oxygen was found. Factor analysis of the spectra obtained during AES and XPS depth profiling proved that the surface region of the implanted samples is composed of Ti metal, surface oxide and Ti phosphide, which is produced at high doses. From P L2,3 VV Auger spectra the existence of a second bonding state of phosphorus is deduced, which is distinguished from TiP by differences in the peak shape and position. This species is distributed mainly in a narrow profile located at a depth near the projected range of the phosphorus ions, i.e. in the region of maximum lattice defects. It is attributed to phosphorus on interstitial sites. The amount of this species reaches saturation for a dose of ∽1017 cm−2. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential reactivity of monoclonal antibodies with human colon adenocarcinomas and adenomas (1983)

Monoclonal antibodies have been generated using membrane-enriched extracts of human metastatic mammary carcinoma lesions (Colcher et al., 1981), some of which demonstrated binding to the surface of human colon carcinoma cell lines. We report here an analysis of the reactivity of three of these monoclonal antibodies with formalin fixed tissue sections of human colon adenocarcinomas and adenomas. The three monoclonals employed were B72.3, which is reactive with a 220-400 kdal high molecular weight glycoprotein complex; B6.2, reactive with a 90 kdal glycoprotein, and B1.1, which is reactive with the 180 kdal glycoprotein CEA. B1.1 was least selective in its reactivity to colon carcinoma versus adenoma lesions. When 10 micrograms/ml of purified B1.1 IgG were used per slide, 94% (15 of 16) of carcinomas and 83% (15 of 18) adenomas showed reactivity. Monoclonal B72.3 demonstrated the most selective reactivity for carcinomas. Eighty-two percent (14 of 17) of carcinomas were positive while none of 18 adenomas examined showed reactivity with more than a few percent of adenoma cells positive. When a low concentration of purified B72.3 immunoglobulin was used per slide, 8 of 16 carcinomas and none of 46 adenomas or normal colon epithelium samples scored positive. Monoclonal B72.3 also reacted with cells in areas of "atypia" within adenomas. The reactivity of monoclonal B6.2 was intermediate as compared to B1.1 and B72.3 in its selectivity of reactivity for carcinoma cells. A heterogeneity in the populations of tumor cells showing reactivity with the three monoclonals was observed within many of the tumor masses. Both colon adenocarcinomas and adenomas can now be placed in several distinct groups based on their expression of antigens reactive with the three monoclonal antibodies employed.
Dopamine Is a Regulator of Arousal in the Fruit Fly (2005)

Sleep and arousal are known to be regulated by both homeostatic and circadian processes, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. It has been reported that the Drosophila rest/activity cycle has features in common with the mammalian sleep/wake cycle, and it is expected that use of the fly genetic model will facilitate a molecular understanding of sleep and arousal. Here, we report the phenotypic characterization of a Drosophila rest/activity mutant known as fumin (fmn). We show that fmn mutants have abnormally high levels of activity and reduced rest (sleep); genetic mapping, molecular analyses, and phenotypic rescue experiments demonstrate that these phenotypes result from mutation of the Drosophila dopamine transporter gene. Consistent with the rest phenotype, fmn mutants show enhanced sensitivity to mechanical stimuli and a prolonged arousal once active, indicating a decreased arousal threshold. Strikingly,fmn mutants do not show significant rebound in response to rest deprivation as is typical for wild-type flies, nor do they show decreased life span. These results provide direct evidence that dopaminergic signaling has a critical function in the regulation of insect arousal.
DOUBLE BALLOON ENDOSCOPE FACILITATES ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY IN ROUX‐EN‐Y ANASTOMOSIS PATIENTS (2009)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the gold standard for the treatment of patients with pancreaticobiliary disorders, but endoscopic therapy is very difficult to carry out in patients with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis. We herein present the results of ERCP for patients with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis using a double-balloon endoscope. Six patients (six men with a mean age of 69 years) who had undergone prior gastric resection with Roux-en-Y reconstruction were enrolled in the present study and underwent ERCP and associated procedures. ERCP was carried out with a double balloon endoscope, which has one balloon attached to the tip of the endoscope and another attached to the distal end of the soft overtube. In all patients, entering the Y loop was successfully accomplished, and the papilla of Vater was also reached in all cases (100%). Cannulation was successful in four patients (66.7%). The final diagnosis was choledocholithiasis in two patients, biliary fistula in one patient and pancreatic cancer in one patient. A needle-knife precut papillotomy was carried out after placement of a bile duct stent in two patients, and injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate into a biliary fistula was carried out in one patient. None of the patients suffered from any complications. A double balloon endoscope is therefore considered to be useful for carrying out ERCP and associated procedures in patients with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis.
Lumbar Intraspinal Injection of Neural Stem Cells in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Results of a Phase I Trial in 12 Patients (2012)

Advances in stem cell biology have generated intense interest in the prospect of transplanting stem cells into the nervous system for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report the results of an ongoing phase I trial of intraspinal injections of fetal-derived neural stems cells in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This is a first-in-human clinical trial with the goal of assessing the safety and tolerability of the surgical procedure, the introduction of stem cells into the spinal cord, and the use of immunosuppressant drugs in this patient population. Twelve patients received either five unilateral or five bilateral (10 total) injections into the lumbar spinal cord at a dose of 100,000 cells per injection. All patients tolerated the treatment without any long-term complications related to either the surgical procedure or the implantation of stem cells. Clinical assessments ranging from 6 to 18 months after transplantation demonstrated no evidence of acceleration of disease progression due to the intervention. One patient has shown improvement in his clinical status, although these data must be interpreted with caution since this trial was neither designed nor powered to measure treatment efficacy. These results allow us to report success in achieving the phase I goal of demonstrating safety of this therapeutic approach. Based on these positive results, we can now advance this trial by testing intraspinal injections into the cervical spinal cord, with the goal of protecting motor neuron pools affecting respiratory function, which may prolong life for patients with ALS.
Obvio u oculto. Evolución de las formas utilizadas para pequeños espacios sacros temporales o permanentes en el cambio de milenio (2015)

Studies examining the orientation of Christian sacred spaces have appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. The reinterpretation\nof the relationship between functional elements placed in space has also investigated the issue of hierarchy. The\nsymbolic position of these sacral space-elements is decisive also within the community engaged in the liturgy. With the changing\nliturgical concepts, the issue of central or longitudinal use of space has determined the whole 20th century. At the same time,\naround the turn of the millennium an intensified need has emerged, which used the symbolism of hidden secret in the concept\nof the access to sacral spaces instead of a direct approach that had previously been usual for hundreds of years. The indirect\npath, designed with changes of direction, was composed with the logic of discovery and gradual understanding. It is particularly\ninteresting that this architectural composition appears typically in ephemeral—like temporary buildings or in small sacral spaces\nformed simply, only with a few architectural means
Application of a Rat Hindlimb Model: A Prediction of Force Spaces Reachable Through Stimulation of Nerve Fascicles (2011)

A device to generate standing or locomotion through chronically placed electrodes has not been fully developed due in part to limitations of clinical experimentation and the high number of muscle activation inputs of the leg. We investigated the feasibility of functional electrical stimulation paradigms that minimize the input dimensions for controlling the limbs by stimulating at nerve fascicles, utilizing a model of the rat hindlimb, which combined previously collected morphological data with muscle physiological parameters presented herein. As validation of the model, we investigated the suitability of a lumped-parameter model for the prediction of muscle activation during dynamic tasks. Using the validated model, we found that the space of forces producible through activation of muscle groups sharing common nerve fascicles was nonlinearly dependent on the number of discrete muscle groups that could be individually activated (equivalently, the neuroanatomical level of activation). Seven commonly innervated muscle groups were sufficient to produce 78% of the force space producible through individual activation of the 42 modeled hindlimb muscles. This novel, neuroanatomically derived reduction in input dimension emphasizes the potential to simplify controllers for functional electrical stimulation to improve functional recovery after a neuromuscular injury.
Performance of fast frequency hopped noncoherent MFSK with a fixed hop rate under worst case jamming (2003)

The authors evaluate the throughput performance of FFH/MFSK (fast frequency hopping/M-ary frequency-shift keying) with a fixed hop rate for both uncoded and coded systems. The performance criterion used is a throughput measure, that is information rate sustained by a system for a given bit-error rate normalized by the hop rate. It is shown that the performance can be greatly improved through the use of coding. As with a fixed data rate, multitone jamming is more effective for M>2, and partial-band-noise jamming for M=2. However, the optimum M is a monotonic increasing function of E/sub h//J/sub O/. This affects the choice of a code if it is related to M, such as a dual-K code. The best convolutional codes are the rate 1/2 Trumpis code, the semiorthogonal code for K=3, and the dual-K codes. The best block codes are the (255,221) RS code, the (255,207) BCH code, and the (63,53) RS code, in that order. As with a fixed data rate, the best convolutional codes perform better than the best block codes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Energy Absorption of Cellular Honeycombs with Various Cell Angles under In-Plane Compressive Loading (2008)

This study examines energy absorption capabilities of cellular honeycombs subjected to in-plane compression. ABAQUS non-linear finite element analysis is used and cellular honeycombs with different cell angles are considered. Simulation results are validated against previously published results for 30° cellular honeycombs. For various cell angles, comparison of simulation results for full size honeycombs and their single cell analogs suggest that the energy absorption can be accurately determined using the single cell model. Results indicate that for cells with equal wall length, the specific energy absorption capability increases with increasing cellular honeycomb angle. A detailed analysis of cell deformation for different honeycombs and an insight of the underlying physics behind the differences in energy absorption capabilities observed for the different honeycombs are also presented. Nomenclature θ = cell angle - the angle between inclined cell wall and horizontal direction th = width of the vertical wall tl = width of the inclined wall h = height of the vertical wall l = length of the inclined wall b = cell depth σ = stress E = Young’s modulus α = ratio of pre-yield modulus to post-yield modulus
Supplementary Table S2 from Systematic Interrogation of 3q26 Identifies <i>TLOC1</i> and <i>SKIL</i> as Cancer Drivers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S2 - XLSX file 1063K, Gene list derived from a gene expression based comparative marker selection between cell lines with normal or amplified levels of 3q26&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, CARBON‐13 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE, AND MASS SPECTRAL STUDIES OF 3‐AROYLOXY‐3,5,5‐TRIMETHYL‐1‐PYRAZOLINE N‐OXIDES (1978)

Abstract Bei der Behandlung mit Diacylperoxiden erhält man aus den 2‐Pyrazolinen (I) die Acyloxy‐Verbindungen (II), aus denen die N‐Oxide (III) und (IV) hergestellt werden.
Analysis of Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptors in Neural Tissues (2003)

A variety of biochemical and physiological studies in recent years have made it clear that the brain possesses specific receptors and puta- tive signal transduction pathways for insulin and the insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II). These observations have challenged tradi- tional ideas concerning the physiological role of these peptides in the CNS, and have compelled us and others to consider that they are important regulators of metabolism and growth and development in the CNS (reviewed in 1). A combination of the techniques used for culturing neuralderived cells and those involved in studying insulin and IGF-I receptors on peripheral nonneural tissue has provided a major stimulus for these studies, the results of which define insulin and the IGFs as neuropeptides. The purpose of this chapter is to present these techniques together in a comprehensive manner so as to pro- vide the reader with an overview of how it is possible to study insulin and the IGF-I receptors in nervous tissue.
Thyroid Autotransplantation Following Total Thyroidectomy Restores Function in Mice (2004)

R105 Problem: Total thyroidectomy (TT) is a procedure commonly performed for benign and malignant disease in the United States. Patients undergoing TT are frequently managed postoperatively with exogenous thyroxine or other thyroid supplementation to suppress the resulting increased TSH levels in the serum. Although thyroid hormone treatment can be effective in compensating for organ loss, patients continue to suffer from subclinical depression and weight gain. We hypothesized that reimplantation of functioning thyroid tissue could cure these patients by decreasing their need for exogenous thyroxine. Methods: To investigate this possibility, we performed TT in mice and established conditions to restore thyroid organs in hypothyroid animals. Results: We find that simultaneous or subsequent transplantation of 50% of a thyroid lobe into the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) or subcutaneously provided adequate thyroid hormone levels in recipient mice. Serum samples, drawn preoperatively, and at weekly intervals for 5 to 7 weeks indicated that thyroid stimulating hormone levels rise to normal values 3 to 4 weeks following surgery. Histopathological analysis of thyroid transplants removed from the SCM indicated that 13 showed normal thyroid architecture. Conclusion: These data indicate that thyroid autotransplantation, where histocompatibilioty is not an issue, provides adequent thyroid function recovery in cases where thyroid hormone supplementation would otherwise be necessary. Significance: This procedure, performed using small amounts of healthy tissue and implantation into muscle, can be applied to conditions where small amounts of thyroid tissue are available. This procedure will provide reduced morbidity in patients undergoing TT. Support: None reported.
Discriminant analysis for recognition of human face images (1997)

The discrimination power of various human facial features is studied and a new scheme for automatic face recognition (AFR) is proposed. The first part of the paper focuses on the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of different aspects of human faces in the spatial as well as in the wavelet domain. This analysis allows objective evaluation of the significance of visual information in different parts (features) of the face for identifying the human subject. The LDA of faces also provides us with a small set of features that carry the most relevant information for classification purposes. The features are obtained through eigenvector analysis of scatter matrices with the objective of maximizing between-class variations and minimizing within-class variations. The result is an efficient projection-based feature-extraction and classification scheme for AFR. Each projection creates a decision axis with a certain level of discrimination power or reliability. Soft decisions made based on each of the projections are combined, and probabilistic or evidential approaches to multisource data analysis are used to provide more reliable recognition results. For a medium-sized database of human faces, excellent classification accuracy is achieved with the use of very-low-dimensional feature vectors. Moreover, the method used is general and is applicable to many other image-recognition tasks.