gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum levels of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate as a non-invasive method to evaluate healing after cartilage repair procedures (2009)

Magnetic resonance imaging remains the only non-invasive method to assess the quality of cartilage repair procedures, but ideally would be complemented by other modalities, particularly blood tests. Nganvongpanit and colleagues investigated serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) for their correlation with tissue quality after cartilage repair with autologous chondrocytes versus subchondral drilling in a dog model. They reported better tissue quality in animals treated with chondrocyte implantation. Serum levels correlated with the histological score of biopsy samples: CS showed a negative (r = -0.69) and HA a positive (r = +0.46) correlation. Many questions remain to be answered before serum markers can provide a reliable, non-invasive tool to assess tissue quality, but these data provide an important foundation for additional research.
Biocatalytic One-Carbon Transfer – A Review (2022)

Abstract This review provides an overview of different C1 building blocks as substrates of enzymes, or part of their cofactors, and the resulting­ functionalized products. There is an emphasis on the broad range of possibilities of biocatalytic one-carbon extensions with C1 sources of different oxidation states. The identification of uncommon biosynthetic strategies, many of which might serve as templates for synthetic or biotechnological applications, towards one-carbon extensions is supported by recent genomic and metabolomic progress and hence we refer principally to literature spanning from 2014 to 2020. 1 Introduction 2 Methane, Methanol, and Methylamine 3 Glycine 4 Nitromethane 5 SAM and SAM Ylide 6 Other C1 Building Blocks 7 Formaldehyde and Glyoxylate as Formaldehyde Equivalents 8 Cyanide 9 Formic Acid 10 Formyl-CoA and Oxalyl-CoA 11 Carbon Monoxide 12 Carbon Dioxide 13 Conclusions
Neuropathy-causing mutations in HSPB1 impair autophagy by disturbing the formation of SQSTM1/p62 bodies (2019)

HSPB1 (heat shock protein family B [small] member 1) is a ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperone. Most mutations in HSPB1 cause axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy and/or distal hereditary motor neuropathy. In this study we show that mutations in HSPB1 lead to impairment of macroautophagic/autophagic flux. In HSPB1 knockout cells, we demonstrate that HSPB1 is necessary for autophagosome formation, which was rescued upon re-expression of HSPB1. Employing a label-free LC-MS/MS analysis on the various HSPB1 variants (wild type and mutants), we identified autophagy-specific interactors. We reveal that the wild-type HSPB1 protein binds to the autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 and that the PB1 domain of SQSTM1 is essential for this interaction. Mutations in HSPB1 lead to a decrease in the formation of SQSTM1/p62 bodies, and subsequent impairment of phagophore formation, suggesting a regulatory role for HSPB1 in autophagy via interaction with SQSTM1. Remarkably, autophagy deficits could also be confirmed in patient-derived motor neurons thereby indicating that the impairment of autophagy might be one of the pathomechanisms by which mutations in HSPB1 lead to peripheral neuropathy. Abbreviations: ACD: alpha-crystallin domain; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ATG14: autophagy related 14; BAG1/3: BCL2 associated athanogene 1/3; CMT: Charcot-Marie-Tooth; dHMN: distal hereditary motor neuropathy; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HSPA8: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; HSPB1/6/8: heat shock protein family B (small) member 1/6/8; LIR: LC3-interacting region; LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; PB1: Phox and Bem1; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STUB1/CHIP: STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1; UBA: ubiquitin-associated; WIPI1: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1; WT: wild-type.
Auditory temporal resolving power in birds (2015)

There has long been the notion that bird song contains acoustic features, which are inaccessible to human listeners. Field and laboratory studies suggest that birds hear both the spectral and gross temporal features of bird song much like we do. But how precisely birds perceive their auditory world still remains somewhat of a mystery. Here, I review psychophysical studies that provide evidence that birds have an exquisite sensitivity to temporal fine structure in their vocalizations putting some aspects of bird vocalizations out of reach of human hearing. Work with zebra finches, in particular, shows that these birds are capable of discriminating between positive and negative Schroeder harmonic complexes at high fundamental frequencies. These birds can also discriminate temporal fine structure changes in their vocal signals that are well below human thresholds. Whether this ability is used for communication is still not clear but it could underlie the better-than-expected ability of birds to localize sound and to assess the effects sound degradation and reverberation as a complex sound travels through the natural environment.
Wh- questions and individuals with intellectual disability (2019)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the comprehension of questions beginning with different wh- question words presented in two referential conditions to individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Thirty-nine school-age participants completed a battery of who, what, where, when, why, and how questions with and without a picture referent. Students generally answered more questions correctly in the no referent condition. Across conditions the rank ordering of correct responses for each question word was: what, who, where, how, why, when. While logistic regression analysis revealed a finding of no overall statistical significance between the probability of answering questions correctly between referential conditions, there were important qualitative differences in the way students answered certain wh- questions based on referential condition. The questions presented were grouped and compared based on conceptual complexity with who, what, where categorized as concrete and when, why, how as abstract. Participants answered 89% of concrete and 56% of abstract questions correctly across both conditions. A statistically significant difference between the probability of answering correctly concrete and abstract questions was found. There was also a statistically significant relationship between receptive vocabulary and the probability of answering all questions correctly. Additionally, logistic regression models revealed that receptive vocabulary ability may be more related to answering abstract questions than concrete questions. Analysis of incorrect answers showed that 85% of errors could be meaningfully categorized. Of these responses, 25% were categorically related to the particular wh- question word that was targeted. Further, 10% would have been correct if a different question word was substituted for the target. Additionally, 27% of the responses were related to the topic of the question and the remaining were either I don't know/No responses, repetitions, or unrelated. The categories were generally the same across conditions. Students did, however, produce more of these incorrect responses that were related to the topic in the picture condition. The results of this study point to the importance of learning more about ways to support question comprehension and answering to help individuals with ID answer all types of questions more effectively.
Overcoming limited dataset availability when working with industrial organisations (2015)

Increasing data security and privacy requirements combined with the need for additional data management research leads to a conflict for industrial companies. In order to solve their industrial data management problems companies need to share some of their data, but their internal confidentiality rules sometimes hamper this sharing process. Existing techniques for sharing data without releasing company secrets often loose some of the problems/characteristics within the data. This paper therefore presents a qualitative process to overcome this problem of industrial data sharing while still enabling external researchers to develop relevant solutions to organizational problems. It is based on initial trials with two industrial case studies and showed some promising results.
Data weaving (2008)

The enormous amount and dimensionality of data processed by modern data mining tools require effective, scalable unsupervised learning techniques. Unfortunately, the majority of previously proposed clustering algorithms are either effective or scalable. This paper is concerned with information-theoretic clustering (ITC) that has historically been considered the state-of-the-art in clustering multi-dimensional data. Most existing ITC methods are computationally expensive and not easily scalable. Those few ITC methods that scale well (using, e.g., parallelization) are often outperformed by the others, of an inherently sequential nature. First, we justify this observation theoretically. We then propose data weaving - a novel method for parallelizing sequential clustering algorithms. Data weaving is intrinsically multi-modal - it allows simultaneous clustering of a few types of data (modalities). Finally, we use data weaving to parallelize multi-modal ITC, which results in proposing a powerful DataLoom algorithm. In our experimentation with small datasets, DataLoom shows practically identical performance compared to expensive sequential alternatives. On large datasets, however, DataLoom demonstrates significant gains over other parallel clustering methods. To illustrate the scalability, we simultaneously clustered rows and columns of a contingency table with over 120 billion entries.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptidosteroidal Receptors for Opioid Peptides. Sequence‐Selective Binding Using a Synthetic Receptor Library. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Conopulse Radar (1978)

The methods usually adopted for implementing an angle-tracking radar are monopulse and conical scan. A monopulse system is free from target-signal amplitude-fluctuation effects, in principle, but usually requires three channels of receiver equipment. A conical scan system, on the other hand, requires only a one-channel ceiver, but is subject to target-signal amplitude-fluctuation effects. This paper describes and analyzes a hybrid system called conopulse that requires only two receiver channels and is free of target-signal amplitude-fluctuation effects. Part of the signal processing in a conopulse system uses conical scan techniques and part uses monopulse methods. The principal advantages of conopulse are that it has the monopulse freedom from angle errors caused by target fluctuations and that it requires less receiver equipment than monopulse to achieve this freedom. Its main disadvantages are its lower data rate and the practical problems associated with the required antenna feed, which is somewhat similar to but more complicated than conical scan.
Sparse-View Cone-Beam CT Reconstruction by Bar-by-Bar Neural FDK Algorithm (2023)

The Feldkamp, Davis and Kress algorithm is a computationally efficient reconstruction method for three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography. However, it suffers from severe artefacts when the number of projections is insufficient. Although recent deep learning–based methods have succeeded in reconstructing such sparse-view projections, it is still challenging to reconstruct a large 3D volume efficiently because of heavy memory consumption and difficulty in obtaining sufficient training data. Therefore, we propose a deep learning method to overcome these drawbacks. Our method consecutively reconstructs short bars in 3D CT volume using the intensities of pixels on the moving trajectory projected on the detector of these bars. Then, we feed such pixel intensities into a neural network and train it to simulate the filtering and back-projection processes of the FDK algorithm. Since the reconstruction volume is separated into bars, the neural network can be used with only a small amount of memory. Furthermore, the network can be trained sufficiently with only a few training samples because plenty of bar data can be extracted even from a single CT image. We experimentally demonstrate that our approach works efficiently for both simulated and actual sparse-view CBCT data using training data extracted from only a single CT image.
Characterization of the inverted duplication in the mitochondrial DNA of Candida albicans (1989)

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Candida albicans contains a large inverted duplication. As is the case with most chloroplast DNAs and one other mtDNA, the nonduplicated regions of the molecule occur in two orientations with respect to each other, indicating that internal recombination occurs. Like some other mtDNAs, the C. albicans mtDNA contains a single SalI restriction site located near one end of the large rRNA gene. In contrast to other cases, however, the inverted duplication does not appear to contain any sequences coding for rRNA.
Frequency sweep rate dependence on the dielectrophoretic response of polystyrene beads and red blood cells (2013)

Alternating current (AC) dielectrophoresis (DEP) experiments for biological particles in microdevices are typically done at a fixed frequency. Reconstructing the DEP response curve from static frequency experiments is laborious, but essential to ascertain differences in dielectric properties of biological particles. Our lab explored the concept of sweeping the frequency as a function of time to rapidly determine the DEP response curve from fewer experiments. For the purpose of determining an ideal sweep rate, homogeneous 6.08 μm polystyrene (PS) beads were used as a model system. Translatability of the sweep rate approach to ∼7 μm red blood cells (RBC) was then verified. An Au/Ti quadrapole electrode microfluidic device was used to separately subject particles and cells to 10Vpp AC electric fields at frequencies ranging from 0.010 to 2.0 MHz over sweep rates from 0.00080 to 0.17 MHz/s. PS beads exhibited negative DEP assembly over the frequencies explored due to Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarizations. Results demonstrate that frequency sweep rates must be slower than particle polarization timescales to achieve reliable incremental polarizations; sweep rates near 0.00080 MHz/s yielded DEP behaviors very consistent with static frequency DEP responses for both PS beads and RBCs.
W as a Bit Line Interconnection in Capacitor-Over-Bit-line (COB) Structured Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) and Feasible Diffusion Barrier Layer (1996)

In this paper, we discuss the formation of a TiN/TiSi 2 bilayer from TiN X and its utilization as a diffusion barrier for the W bit-line process in COB structured DRAM devices. Since the TiSi 2 layer formed on a Si substrate is very thin and uniform, the TiN X -contacted n - and n + junction showed desirable electrical properties. The compact structure of the overlying TiN due to its lack of grain boundary voiding enabled the TiN X to be used as a diffusion barrier for the W bit line process.
Phases sulfures dans une zéolithe Y pour l'hydrotraitement (1999)

Plusieurs types de phases sulfures, simples (a base de mo, co, pd, pt) et mixtes (couples moco, pdco, ptco), deposees sur zeolithe hy ont ete etudiees. Les catalyseurs ont d'abord ete prepares et caracterises a l'etat de precurseurs oxydes. Leur reactivite a ete ensuite evaluee en hydrogenation du toluene et en hydrodesulfuration du 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene. La caracterisation des phases sulfures supportees sur zeolithe hy a ete realisee par dosage du soufre, diffraction des rayons x (drx), microscopie electronique a transmission (met) et microscopie electronique a balayage par transmission (mebt), spectroscopie d'adsorption des rayons x (sax) et reduction en temperature programmee (rtp) avec analyse couplee d'h 2 et d'h 2s. Les resultats montrent que la zeolithe permet, en comparaison avec des catalyseurs conventionnels supportes sur alumine, d'obtenir des catalyseurs tres actifs. Il est apparu en particulier que les phases de molybdene dans la zeolithe etaient intrinsequement extremement actives a faibles teneurs en molybdene. Cette activite est attribuee a des phases de molybdene sulfure hyperdispersees differentes des feuillets de mos 2, vraisemblablement sous forme d'agregats. Le role du cobalt est variable suivant sa concentration. Ainsi, a faible teneur son effet sur l'activite catalytique est fortement negatif. Il a ete demontre dans le cas du molybdene que l'interaction avec le cobalt conduisait a l'augmentation de la teneur en soufre des phases de molybdene. A plus forte teneur, il serait possible de former une phase mixte mais le facteur de promotion est toujours limite. Ces travaux mettent en evidence l'interet des catalyseurs deposes sur zeolithe, notamment a base de mo et de pd, pour les reactions d'hydrotraitement. Il semble cependant plus avantageux d'utiliser des phases simples plutot que des phases mixtes de type moco ou pdco.
Dynamic, optimal sensor scheduling and value of information (2015)

In this paper, we present a method for the optimal state estimation of a linear system, observed by various dynamically schedulable and distributed sensors. We consider this problem to be a problem of information fusion, where the information is obtained from the sensors in exchange of scheduling and sensor operational costs. Sensors over a distributed network can work together efficiently in order to maximize the overall network performance. We consider several costs related to sensor scheduling such as the continuous cost for keeping the sensor on, and sensor switching cost for turning a sensor on from off state and vice versa. Our goal is to estimate the state as closely as possible while minimizing the scheduling cost. We incorporate the error in estimation as a cost in the optimization function. The resultant problem is then converted into an optimal control problem, where optimal scheduling is obtained by pointwise maximizing the Hamiltonian of the system.
A highly sensitive SERS method for the determination of nitrogen oxide in air based on the signal amplification effect of nitrite catalyzing the bromate oxidization of a rhodamine 6G probe (2014)

Rhodamine 6G adsorbed onto a triangular plate-type nanosilver aggregate exhibits a strong SERS peak at 1508 cm−1. Based on NO2− catalysis of the bromate oxidization of Rh6G and SERS peak quenching, trace nitrogen oxides in air samples were analyzed by a catalytic amplification SERS method.
Shockwave Frequency Affects Fragmentation in a Kidney Stone Model (2000)

The number of shocks required to fragment a stone is influenced in part by the frequency at which the shockwaves are delivered. Increasing the shockwave frequency from 60 to 117 per minute in this study caused a significant rise in the number of shocks required to break the stone. The pressure output of the electrode was similar at the frequencies tested, thus making the difference in stone fragmentation secondary to the mechanism of stone disintegration and not the function of the electrode.
Multivariate linear regression model of paste thickener (2021)

The world is using a lot of materials in the day-to-day life. This requires a lot of mining of the ores from the ground. As the amount of ore is remarkable, also the amount of waste rock and for that reason the amount of the tailings is huge. The water content of the tailings is a subject to decrease. One potential technology for that is a paste thickener. In this paper, a multivariate linear regression model using paste line pressure difference as an output variable is described. The model can be utilized for the development of a new control strategy. Another model was formed using rake torque as an output variable.
Live fingerprint detection using magnitude of perceived spatial stimuli and local phase information (2018)

Fingerprint recognition systems are widely used for authentication purposes in security systems. However, fingerprint recognition systems can easily be spoofed by imitations of fingerprints using various spoof materials. A compact and discriminative set of features is needed to discriminate between live and spoof fingerprints. We explore combined Shepard magnitude and orientation for live fingerprint detection using independent quantization of global and local features extracted in spatial and frequency domain. The spatial domain features that are extracted comprise of the magnitude of perceived spatial stimuli that is computed from the net variation of perceived edge information. Rotation invariance is achieved by extracting local features based on phase information of significant frequency components in the frequency domain. The concatenated feature vector associated with a fingerprint image is represented as a two-dimensional histogram. The support vector machine classifier is used to classify the fingerprint as either live or spoof. Experiments are performed on three databases, i.e., the fingerprint liveness detection (LivDet) competition databases of 2011, 2013, and 2015. Results showed a reduction in average error rate to 5.8, 2.2, and 5.3 on LivDet 2011, 2013, and 2015, respectively.
Siemens SGT-800 Industrial Gas Turbine Enhanced to 50 MW: Turbine Design Modifications, Validation and Operation Experience (2013)

Siemens Oil &amp; Gas introduced an enhanced SGT-800 gas turbine during 2010. The new power rating is 50.5 MW with a 38.3 % electrical efficiency (ISO) in simple cycle and the best in class combined-cycle performance of more than 55 %. The increased power and improved efficiency from the existing 47 MW rating are mainly obtained by improved compressor airfoil profiles and improved turbine aerodynamics and cooling air layout. The upgrade components in the gas turbine are interchangeable from the existing rating. The current paper is focused on the design modifications of the turbine parts and their validation and operation experience. For the turbine section, the main design modifications include the redesigned stage 1 with better aerodynamic and cooling performance, modified stage 3 for increased outlet area, etc. However, the turbine inlet temperature is not increased compared to the existing 47 MW rating. Comprehensive validation measures have been taken to make sure that the modifications meet the design targets, at both the component level and the system level. The results from the validation tests have confirmed the turbine performance in terms of aerodynamics, cooling, life time, etc. In addition, these results have given a strong basis for future upgrade, e.g., potential cooling air saving has been identified on several areas. The first SGT-800 with 50.5 MW rating was successfully operated and tested during the spring 2010 and the expected performance figures were confirmed. Up to January 2013, the fleet of this new rating has accumulated &gt;40 000 Equivalent Operation hours (EOH), while the fleet leader has accumulated &gt;16 000 EOH. A planned follow up inspection was made after 10 000 EOH by using borescope for the hot section, and it showed that all the turbine parts were in good condition.