gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An analytical study of wheel regeneration in surface grinding (2019)

Machining vibrations have been a topic of active research since the beginning of the 20th century, because of their harmful potential to deteriorate the surface finish of the workpiece, reduce the lifetime of the machine tool and limit the overall productivity of manufacturing operations. Grinding, often being a finishing operation responsible for the final quality of the workpiece, can be especially affected by unwanted process vibrations. Machining vibrations can arise from a number of sources, but they are usually classified as forced and self-excited vibrations. Forced vibrations, such as those resulting from runout or unbalance, are generally easier to avoid. However, self-excited vibrations, also known as chatter, originate in the machining process itself and are typically more difficult to predict and suppress. When it comes to grinding operations, chatter can occur as a result of uneven surface regeneration on both the wheel and the workpiece. In this paper we perform an analytical study of grinding chatter, to explore the intricate nature of wheel regeneration (i.e. chatter arising from uneven wear on the wheel) in surface grinding. Whilst there has been a great deal of previous research into grinding chatter, the present study explores a contrarian approach whereby a circumferential variation of the specific grinding energy occurs during the onset of instability. The specific energy is a fundamental quantity in grinding that relates the necessary grinding power to the prescribed material removal rate. It is also related to wheel wear and thus to grinding forces, since a worn wheel requires more grinding power and produces greater grinding forces to sustain the same material removal rate than a sharp one. Therefore, by characterising the specific energy variation around the circumference of the grinding wheel as a function of wheel vibration, we derive a stability model and discuss its practical potential.
Decline in Serum 25 Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in HIV–Hbv-Coinfected Patients after Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy (2013)

Although our HIV-HBV-coinfected patients live in the tropics, there was a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, especially in female patients and those receiving prolonged ART. Since HIV-HBV-coinfection requires long-term use of the HBV-active drug, TDF, which can also contribute to bone loss, routine vitamin D assessment and supplementation as necessary should be considered.
Lack of Concordance of the Salmonella/Microsome Assay with the Mouse Dermal Carcinogenesis Bioassay for Complex Petroleum Hydrocarbon Mixtures (1985)

Lack of Concordance of the Salmonella/Microsome Assay with the Mouse Dermal Carcinogenesis Bioassay for Complex Petroleum Hydrocarbon Mixtures. CRAGG, S. T., CONAWAY, C. C, and MACGREGOR, J. A. (1985). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 5, 382–390. Typical petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures were tested directly, without extraction, in the Salmonella/microsome mutagenesis assay in order to determine if the assay would be useful to predict their carcinogenic activity. The carcinogenic activity of each sample had been previously characterized in the in vivo mouse dermal carcinogenesis bioassay. The series of samples evaluated offered several advantages. They spanned a wide boiling point range, were well characterized chemically, had been tested for carcinogenic activity in a single laboratory, and varied in potency in vivo from inactive to highly active. Mutagenicity testing was performed in several well-established contract laboratories that routinely perform the assay. These laboratories were the main contracting laboratories for these assays at the time and had previously tested petroleum samples for clients. Initially, the first laboratory tested 13 samples in five strains of Salmonella typhimurium with and without rat liver S-9 (Arochlor 1254 induced), utilizing both plate and suspension techniques. None of the 13 samples exhibited a mutagenic response, even though 9 of the 13 were slightly to highly dermally carcinogenic in mice. Because of the unexpected results, it was decided to repeat the mutagenicity assays in two other laboratories. Six of the thirteen samples were selected, ranging in carcinogenic potency from negative to highly active. Again, none were mutagenic in the second contract laboratory. In a third facility, only one sample of the six exhibited a definite mutagenic response. However, the response was observed with a sample having only weak carcinogenic activity and, unusual for petroleum hydrocarbons, occurred without activation. When this sample was recoded and retested in the same laboratory, negative results were obtained. The results from this multiple laboratory study clearly indicate that the methods employed routinely to perform the Salmonella/microsome assay are not useful to predict the dermal carcinogenic activity of typical complex petroleum mixtures. Various explanations for these results and some further experimental approaches are discussed.
angIogeneSIS aS an adaptIve MechanISM In IScheMIa (2013)

The article is devoted to angiogenesis as one of the ways to increase the stability of the ischemic tissue. It is shown that the reduction in ischemic tissue damage is based on four basic processes - vasculogenesis of endothelial progenitor cells, angiogenesis and arteriogenesis with the growth and subsequent stabilization of the outgrowths of mural cells and the growth of collaterals (expansive growth of pre-existing vessels). However, despite the great progress in the understanding of ischemia-induced angiogenesis, and a lot of positive results from its stimulation using the disclosed arrangements natural response to the reduction of tissue perfusion is still an unsolved problem is the practical use of this knowledge to improve the metabolic processes of organs and tissues with compromised vascular bed. The effect of a variety of recombinant growth factors is not enough long-term, and besides, is not without serious side effects. From this perspective, the greatest opportunities is the development of techniques using natural pool of pluripotent cells with high angiogenic potential.
Map4k4 impairs energy metabolism in endothelial cells and promotes insulin resistance in obesity (2017)

The blood vasculature responds to insulin, influencing hemodynamic changes in the periphery, which promotes tissue nutrient and oxygen delivery and thus metabolic function. The lymphatic vasculature regulates fluid and lipid homeostasis, and impaired lymphatic function can contribute to atherosclerosis and obesity. Recent studies have suggested a role for endothelial cell (EC) mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (Map4k4) in developmental angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis as well as atherosclerosis. Here, we show that inducible EC Map4k4 deletion in adult mice ameliorates metabolic dysfunction in obesity despite the development of chylous ascites and a concomitant striking increase in adipose tissue lymphocyte content. Despite these defects, animals lacking endothelial Map4k4 were protected from skeletal muscle microvascular rarefaction in obesity, and primary ECs lacking Map4k4 displayed reduced senescence and increased metabolic capacity. Thus endothelial Map4k4 has complex and opposing functions in the blood and lymphatic endothelium postdevelopment. Whereas blood endothelial Map4k4 promotes vascular dysfunction and impairs glucose homeostasis in adult animals, lymphatic endothelial Map4k4 is required to maintain lymphatic vascular integrity and regulate immune cell trafficking in obesity.
Hybrid huberized support vector machines for microarray classification (2007)

The large number of genes and the relatively small number of samples are typical characteristics for microarray data. These characteristics pose challenges for both sample classification and relevant gene selection. The support vector machine (SVM) is a widely used classification technique, and previous studies have demonstrated its superior classification performance in microarray analysis. However, a major limitation is that the SVM can not perform automatic gene selection. To overcome this limitation, we propose the hybrid huberized support vector machine (HHSVM). The HHSVM uses the huberized hinge loss function and the elastic-net penalty. It has two major benefits: 1. automatic gene selection; 2. the grouping effect, where highly correlated genes tend to be selected/removed together. We also develop an efficient algorithm that computes the entire regularized solution path for HHSVM. We have applied our method to real microarray data and achieved promising results.
Robust stereo matching with fast Normalized Cross-Correlation over shape-adaptive regions (2009)

Normalized cross-correlation (NCC) is a common matching technique to tolerate radiometric differences between stereo images. However, traditional rectangle-based NCC tends to blur the depth discontinuities. This paper proposes an efficient stereo algorithm with NCC over shape-adaptive matching regions, producing depth-discontinuity preserving disparity maps while remaining the advantage of robustness to radiometric differences. To alleviate the computational intensity, we propose an acceleration algorithm using an orthogonal integral image technique, achieving a speedup factor of 10~27. In addition, a voting scheme on reliable estimates is applied to refine the initial estimates. Experiments show that, besides the robustness, the proposed method obtains accurate disparity maps at fast speed. Our method highly ranks among the local approaches in the Middlebury stereo benchmark.
Digital video transmission at 34 Mbit/s using bit rate reduction techniques (1984)

Describes the basic principles of a digital television system which has been designed and implemented at the Telecommunication and Microwaves Laboratory of the Universite Catholique de Louvain. The aim of this system was to reach bit rates of the order of 34 Mbit/s. To achieve this, the system uses component coding, expands the signal by removing horizontal blanks, and carries out a combined interframe interpolation and Hadamard transform which roughly equals the vertical and horizontal resolutions. After bit allocation, the signal is converted into a serial stream of data and transmitted. The inverse operations are made at the receiver, where a 625 lines picture is restored. Those principles were implemented and experimented on a transmission via OTS Satellite. Prospects discussed include several sound channels and teletext capabilities and improvements with use of a reduced frame memory.
Electrochemical Modeling of GITT Measurements for Improved Solid-State Diffusion Coefficient Evaluation (2021)

Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique (GITT) is widely used to evaluate solid-state diffusion coefficients in electrochemical systems. However, the existing analysis methods for GITT data require numerous assumptions, and the derived diffusion coefficients typically are not independently validated. To investigate the validity of the assumptions and derived diffusion coefficients, we employ a direct pulse fitting method for interpreting GITT data that involves numerically fitting an electrochemical pulse and subsequent relaxation to a one-dimensional, single-particle, electrochemical model coupled with non-ideal transport to directly evaluate diffusion coefficients that are independently verified through cycling predictions. Extracted from GITT measurements of the intercalation regime of FeS2 and used to predict the discharge behavior, our non-ideal diffusion coefficients prove to be two orders of magnitude more accurate than ideal diffusion coefficients extracted using conventional methods. We further extend our model to a polydisperse set of particles to show the validity of a single-particle approach when the modeled radius is proportional to the total volume-to-surface-area ratio of the system.
Detection and utility of cell-free and circulating tumour DNA in bone and soft-tissue sarcomas (2021)

This work demonstrates the feasibility and potential utility of cfDNA and ctDNA as biomarkers for bone and soft-tissue sarcomas, despite the lack of recurrent genomic alterations. A larger study is required to validate these findings. Cite this article: <i>Bone Joint Res</i> 2021;10(9):602-610.
Computer-Aided Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images (2005)

Nodular thyroid disease is a frequent occurrence in clinical practice and it is associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer and hyperfunction. In this paper we propose a novel method for computer-aided detection of thyroid nodules in ultrasound (US) images. The proposed method is based on a level-set image segmentation approach that takes into account the inhomogeneity of the US images. This novel method was experimentally evaluated using US images acquired from 35 patients. The results show that the proposed method achieves more accurate delineation of the thyroid nodules in the US images and faster convergence than other relevant methods.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expeditious Synthesis of Pentosidine, an Advanced Glycation End Product. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Blockade of T cell costimulation reveals interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in control of SIV replication (2004)

In vivo blockade of CD28 and CD40 T cell costimulation pathways during acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques was performed to assess the relative contributions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Ab responses in modulating SIV replication and disease progression. Transient administration of CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40L mAb to SIV-infected rhesus macaques resulted in dramatic inhibition of the generation of both SIV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. Acute levels of proliferating CD8+ T cells were associated with early control of SIV viremia but did not predict ensuing set point viremia or survival. The level of in vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation during acute SIV infection correlated with concomitant peak levels of SIV plasma viremia, whereas measures of in vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation that extended into chronic infection correlated with lower SIV viral load and increased survival. These results suggest that proliferating CD4+ T cells function both as sources of virus production and as antiviral effectors and that increased levels of CD4+ T cell proliferation during SIV infections reflect antigen-driven antiviral responses rather than a compensatory homeostatic response. These results highlight the interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo that modulate SIV replication and pathogenesis.
Steerable application-adaptive near eye displays (2018)

The design challenges of see-through near-eye displays can be mitigated by specializing an augmented reality device for a particular application. We present a novel optical design for augmented reality near-eye displays exploiting 3D stereolithography printing techniques to achieve similar characteristics to progressive prescription binoculars. We propose to manufacture inter-changeable optical components using 3D printing, leading to arbitrary shaped static projection screen surfaces that are adaptive to the targeted applications. We identify a computational optical design methodology to generate various optical components accordingly, leading to small compute and power demands. To this end, we introduce our augmented reality prototype with a moderate form-factor, large field of view. We have also presented that our prototype is promising high resolutions for a foveation technique using a moving lens in front of a projection system. We believe our display technique provides a gate-way to application-adaptive, easily replicable, customizable, and cost-effective near-eye display designs.
Antitumor effect of inhalatory lipopolysaccharide and synergetic effect in combination with cyclophosphamide. (2010)

Pulmonary inhalation of LPS combined with a chemotherapeutic agent is a promising approach to lung cancer therapy.
In situimaging of paste extrusion using electrical impedance tomography (2002)

A case study is presented where electrical impedance tomography is used to image paste during extrusion. This indicates regions of high moisture at the wall of the barrel permitting slip and so making extrusion more efficient. Multi-step Gauss–Newton image reconstruction methods are used. Techniques include (i) axi-symmetric smoothing that is coupled with ultrasound measurement to provide discretization information, (ii) full impedance imaging and (iii) full three-dimensional field modelling. These provide clear images of the paste that can be used to gauge extrudability of a paste formulation.
AL-108 and AL-208, formulations of the neuroprotective NAP fragment of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein, for cognitive disorders. (2008)

Allon Therapeutics Inc is developing AL-108, an intranasally administered, eight-amino-acid peptide fragment (known as NAP) of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein, and AL-208, an intravenous formulation of NAP. AL-108 is undergoing phase II trials for cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. AL-108 is also being investigated as a neuroprotective agent, including for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and ocular disease. AL-208 is undergoing phase II clinical trials for the treatment of cognitive disorder and phase I clinical trials for ocular disease and cognitive deficits associated with coronary artery bypass graft or ischemia.
Legislative Recruitment and Political Integration: Patterns of Political Linkage in an Indian State. By Richard Sisson and Lawrence L. Shrader. Berkeley: University of California, Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, 1972. Research Monograph Series No. 6. n.p. (1973)

Legislative Recruitment and Political Integration: Patterns of Political Linkage in an Indian State. By Richard Sisson and Lawrence L. Shrader. Berkeley: University of California, Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, 1972. Research Monograph Series No. 6. n.p. - Volume 32 Issue 3
Mechanism of the Acid-Catalyzed Si−O Bond Cleavage in Siloxanes and Siloxanols. A Theoretical Study (2002)

Theoretical ab initio calculations were carried out to simulate the hydrolysis of the siloxane bond under neutral and acidic conditions. The most important factors reducing the energy barrier of the reaction are the protonation of the siloxane oxygen (acid catalysis) and the basic assistance to the nucleophile (responsible for withdrawal of the proton from a nucleophile). The basic assistance may be effectively accomplished by hydrogen bond complexes, which help to transfer a proton from the nucleophile to the leaving group. Such complexes may consist of water, silanol, and acid. Solvation lowers the barrier of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, due to better stabilization of the charged transition states. The enhanced reactivity of the terminal siloxane bond in siloxanols is connected partly with the ability of the SiOH group to participate in hydrogen bond structures facilitating the intramolecular proton transfer to the siloxane oxygen.
An experimental measurement of corona discharge using laser Doppler velocimetry (2002)

A point to plane testing discharge system was constructed allowing the flow of air to pass, circulate and return to its initial status, when corona is initiated by the alternating applied voltage on the stressed electrode. The corona wind velocity was measured by means of a laser Doppler velocimetry system implemented and calibrated in the laboratory. The velocity measurement was carried out without disturbing the field configuration intensity or the wind flow. The direction and pattern of the corona electric wind was visualized and observed through a laser curtain; this was achieved by guiding smoke to the discharge medium near the stressed electrode. Velocity measurements were obtained for various radial distances r, taken on the central discharge axis for several inter-electrode distances b. The direct observation of the obtained data shows an increase of the corona wind velocity with the applied voltage and the corona discharge current and substantial decrease as the radial distance is enlarged. An experimental investigation was conducted in the research laboratory to use electric wind corona discharge and enhance the available information supporting the corona discharge and applied voltage relationship along with the geometrical system parameters.
Production, isolation, and antifungal activity of scytalidin, a metabolite of Scytalidium species (1973)

The production and isolation of scytalidin, a recently reported metabolite of Scytalidium sp., are described. The compound was found to be relatively active in vitro against many fungi associated with stain and decay of pulpwood chips in outside storage and decay in the roots and butts of conifers. Other fungi associated with diseases of trees and deterioration of forest products were also found to be sensitive to scytalidin. Seed germination tests indicated relatively low phytotoxicity.
Karaoker: Alignment-free singing voice synthesis with speech training data (2022)

Existing singing voice synthesis models (SVS) are usually trained on singing data and depend on either error-prone time-alignment and duration features or explicit music score information. In this paper, we propose Karaoker, a multispeaker Tacotron-based model conditioned on voice characteristic features that is trained exclusively on spoken data without requiring time-alignments. Karaoker synthesizes singing voice and transfers style following a multi-dimensional template extracted from a source waveform of an unseen singer/speaker. The model is jointly conditioned with a single deep convolutional encoder on continuous data including pitch, intensity, harmonicity, formants, cepstral peak prominence and octaves. We extend the text-to-speech training objective with feature reconstruction, classification and speaker identification tasks that guide the model to an accurate result. In addition to multitasking, we also employ a Wasserstein GAN training scheme as well as new losses on the acoustic model's output to further refine the quality of the model.