gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lyoprotected Nanosphere Formulations for Paclitaxel Controlled Delivery (2006)

The preparation and technological characterization of nanosphere formulations (NS) containing the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) are reported. Poly(lactide) (PLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanospheres (NS) were prepared by a solvent displacement method. They showed a mean particle size in the range 150-300 nm, with a high homogeneity (polydispersity index < 0.3). For long term stability, NS require additional procedures, such as freeze-drying. In this study, the effect on NS particle size and surface charge of different lyoprotectants (mono- and disaccharides, polyalcohols, and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin) at various concentrations was tested by means of light scattering size analysis. The formulations freeze-dried with the addition of 10% glucose (w/v) showed interesting characteristics after freeze-drying. They were chosen for specific studies on drug encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release and biological activity on the human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell line 8305C. The PLGA NS, in particular, showed a cell growth inhibitory activity comparable to the free drug.
ChemInform Abstract: APPLICATION OF OLEFIN METATHESIS TO ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. SYNTHESES OF CIVETONE AND MACROLIDES (1980)

Abstract Bei der Metathese von Ölsäureethylester (I) in Gegenwart von W /Ti‐ Katalysatoren wie (II) erhält man unter optimierten Bedingunen in guter Ausbeute neben dem Olefin (IV) den ungesättigten Dicarbonsäureester (III), der nach Dieckmann zu (V) cyclisiert und dann zum Civeton (VI) verseift und decarboxyliert wird.
Toward a containerized pipeline for longitudinal analysis of open-source software projects (2020)

Trust in open-source software is a cornerstone of scientific progress and a foundation of high-quality public services. Just as standards are integral when judging the efficacy of a novel pharmaceutical compound or determining the spread of a new disease, the software used to make those determinations should be useful, error-free, reliable, performant, and secure. A small bug in an application, library, or framework can lead to economic loss and even loss of life. We rely on software developers to be dynamic and responsive to user review and bug-reporting. Our team developed an open-source modular pipeline to perform empirical investigations of software quality. A key innovation of our approach is to look at projects “from a distance” similar to methods used in climate, e.g. satellite images being used to observe environmental impacts in air quality/rain forests. Instead of looking at language-specific source code features, our pipeline uses a language-agnostic high-level approach to track software quality by focusing on the development process itself, which yields great insight into the processes programmers use to write and maintain their software. Our distributed modular approach to analytics allows the pipeline to be easily extended to support additional metrics in future work. We store extracted data in an embedded SQLite database, which means that analysis can proceed without complex server setup, let alone hosting the software on dedicated servers. Our analytical modules are designed for efficiency, and future runs of our software only collect missing data, supporting the incremental analysis of known, important open-source projects.
Formulation and characterization study of itraconazole-loaded microparticles (2013)

The aim of the work was to realize itraconazole-loaded formulations in form of microparticles using a fast, simple and solvent free production procedure. The selected excipients were able to enhance wettability of the final product, to increase drug dissolution rate and to maintain drug in solution thanks to the formation of an emulsified system after contact with the gastrointestinal fluids. Itraconazole formulations contained a structuring lipid, a solubilizing agent and a surface active substance and were prepared by a hot melt method (MMS, melting-milling-sieving). The characterization included drug content determination, granulometric distribution, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro drug release test, physical and technological stability after 12 months of ambient condition storage. The formulations were composed of particles with diameter lower than 355 μm. DSC analysis evidenced that itraconazole was almost completely in the amorphous form; the results of the in vitro drug release tests showed that these formulations were able to increase the rate of the drug release compared to that of the free drug. Stability data showed no significant changes in the thermal and release profiles, confirming that the selected excipients protected the drug avoiding its conversion from amorphous state into crystalline form and maintaining unchanged the delivery behavior.
Lip-reading the BKB sentence lists: Corrections for list and practice effects (1993)

Two groups of 21 adult subjects with normal hearing viewed the video recordings of the Bamford-Kowal-Bench standard sentence lists issued by the EPI Group in 1986. Each subject viewed all of the 21 lists and attempted to write down the words contained in each sentence. One group lip-read the lists with no sound (the LR:alone condition). The other group also heard a sequence of acoustic pulses which were synchronized to the moments when the talker's vocal folds closed (the LR&Lx condition). Performance was assessed both by loose (KW(L)) and by tight (KW(T)) keyword scoring methods. Both scoring methods produced the same pattern of results: performance was better in the LR&Lx condition; performance in both conditions improved linearly with the logarithm of the list presentation order number; subjects who produced higher overall scores also improved more with experience of the lists. The data were described well by a logistic regression model which provided a formula which can be used to compensate for practice effects and for differences in difficulty between lists. Two simpler, but less accurate, methods for compensating for variation in inter-list difficulty are also described. A figure is provided which can be used to assess the significance of the difference between a pair of scores obtained from a single subject in any pair of presentation conditions.
Genome screen for twinning rate QTL in four North American Holstein families (2005)

The objective of this study was to identify twinning rate quantitative trait loci (QTL) by typing pooled samples in a preliminary screening followed by interval mapping to test QTL effects. Four elite North American Holstein half-sib sire families with high twinning rate predicted transmitting abilities (PTA) were used in this study. Chromosomes 5, 7, 19 and 23 were not genotyped as these chromosomes were scanned for QTL in these families in a previous study. DNA was extracted from phenotypically extreme sons in each sire family. Two pools were prepared from sons of sires in each phenotypic tail, two each for high and low PTA levels for twinning rates. Each pool contained DNA from 4 to 15% of all sons of the sire depending on family. A total of 268 fluorescently labelled microsatellite markers were tested for heterozygosity in sires. About 135--170 informative markers per family were genotyped using pooled DNA samples. Based on the preliminary evidence for potential twinning rate QTL from pooled typing, interval mapping was performed subsequently on 12 chromosomal regions by family combinations. Evidence of QTL for twinning rate was found in one family on BTA 21 and 29 at a chromosome-wide P<0.05 and on BTA 8, 10 and 14 with a chromosome-wide P<0.01.
Integrating line balancing with network topology to support the planning of a remanufacturing system for electric vehicles (2023)

Many of the materials needed for the production of electric vehicles (EVs), in particular batteries and motors, are subject to substantial supply chain uncertainty. A circular economy approach that recovers these materials/components from end-of-life (EoL) vehicles would reduce the dependence on primary (virgin) materials/components. However, there is a lack of EoL infrastructure that can process the whole EV in a holistic manner. To address this pressing issue, this paper discusses a potential EV Renewal System (EVRS) that aims to directly rebuild used EVs and recover maximum value from EoL components and materials. The EVRS is investigated through a network model, and based on network topology analysis, proxy variables are defined to characterize system complexity. Furthermore, a line balancing algorithm is designed to divide the system into workstations, with the goal of streamlining the system workflow under unpredictable EoL EV conditions. This study proposes a framework, that synthesizes the results from network topology and line balancing, for evaluating the process design of remanufacturing systems, which is adaptable to a diverse range of industries and that can galvanize more remanufacturing practices.
Genome-wide association study with additional genetic and post-transcriptional analyses reveals novel regulators of plasma factor XI levels (2016)

Coagulation factor XI (FXI) has become increasingly interesting for its role in pathogenesis of thrombosis. While elevated plasma levels of FXI have been associated with venous thromboembolism and ischemic stroke, its deficiency is associated with mild bleeding. We aimed to determine novel genetic and post-transcriptional plasma FXI regulators.We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for plasma FXI levels, using novel data imputed to the 1000 Genomes reference panel. Individual GWAS analyses, including a total of 16,169 European individuals from the ARIC, GHS, MARTHA and PROCARDIS studies, were meta-analysed and further replicated in 2,045 individuals from the F5L family, GAIT2 and MEGA studies. Additional association with activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was tested for the top SNPs. In addition, a study on the effect of miRNA on FXI regulation was performed using in silico prediction tools and in vitro luciferase assays.Three loci showed robust, replicating association with circulating FXI levels: KNG1 (rs710446, P-value = 2.07 × 10-302), F11 (rs4253417, P-value = 2.86 × 10-193), and a novel association in GCKR (rs780094, P-value = 3.56 ×10-09), here for the first time implicated in FXI regulation. The two first SNPs (rs710446 and rs4253417) also associated with aPTT. Conditional and haplotype analyses demonstrated a complex association signal, with additional novel SNPs modulating plasma FXI levels in both the F11 and KNG1 loci. Finally, eight miRNAs were predicted to bind F11 mRNA. Over-expression of either miR-145 or miR-181 significantly reduced the luciferase activity in cells transfected with a plasmid containing FXI-3'UTR.These results should open the door to new therapeutic targets for thrombosis prevention.
Gestational Ethanol Exposure Induces Sex-specific Striatal Acetylcholine and Dopamine Deficits (2022)

ABSTRACT Fetal alcohol exposure has deleterious consequences on the cognitive abilities and motor skills of patients affected by Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and in pre-clinical models of gestational ethanol exposure (GEE). Deficits in striatal cholinergic and dopamine function impair action learning and execution, yet the effects of GEE on striatal acetylcholine and dopamine release remain unexplored. Here, we report that ethanol (EtOH) exposure during the first ten postnatal days (GEE P0-P10 ), which mimics EtOH consumption during the last gestational trimester in humans, induces enduring sex-specific anatomical and motor learning deficits in female mice. These behavioral impairments were accompanied by increased evoked-dopamine levels in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) of GEE P0-P10 female, but not male, mice. Further experiments revealed impaired striatal β2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs)-modulation of electrically evoked dopamine release. Using a genetically encoded acetylcholine sensor (GACh 3.0 ), we found a reduced decay of acetylcholine transients in DLS of GEE P0-P10 females in the presence of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine. Finally, we showed that this effect is associated with decreased excitability of striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs), pointing to activity-dependent defects in acetylcholine release. Altogether, these data shed a new light on striatal deficits that might underlie cognitive and motor learning symptoms of patients affected by FASD.
Public and Biobank Participant Attitudes toward Genetic Research Participation and Data Sharing (2010)

Research assessing attitudes toward consent processes for high-throughput genomic-wide technologies and widespread sharing of data is limited. In order to develop a better understanding of stakeholder views toward these issues, this cross-sectional study assessed public and biorepository participant attitudes toward research participation and sharing of genetic research data. Forty-nine individuals participated in 6 focus groups; 28 in 3 public focus groups and 21 in 3 NUgene biorepository participant focus groups. In the public focus groups, 75% of participants were women, 75% had some college education or more, 46% were African-American and 29% were Hispanic. In the NUgene focus groups, 67% of participants were women, 95% had some college education or more, and the majority (76%) of participants was Caucasian. Five major themes were identified in the focus group data: (a) a wide spectrum of understanding of genetic research; (b) pros and cons of participation in genetic research; (c) influence of credibility and trust of the research institution; (d) concerns about sharing genetic research data and need for transparency in the Policy for Sharing of Data in National Institutes of Health-Supported or Conducted Genome-Wide Association Studies; (e) a need for more information and education about genetic research. In order to increase public understanding and address potential concerns about genetic research, future efforts should be aimed at involving the public in genetic research policy development and in identifying or developing appropriate educational strategies to meet the public's needs.
Axonal Neuregulin Signals Cells of the Oligodendrocyte Lineage through Activation of HER4 and Schwann Cells through HER2 and HER3 (1997)

We are interested in the signaling between axons and glia that leads to myelination and maintenance of the myelin internode, and we have focused on the role of neuregulins and their receptors. Neuregulins are a family of ligands that includes heregulin, neu differentiation factor, glial growth factor, and the acetylcholine receptor-inducing activity. Three signal transducing transmembrane receptors for neuregulins, which bear significant homology to the EGF receptor, are currently known: HER2 (erbB2), HER3 (erbB3), and HER4 (erbB4). We have found that oligodendrocite-type II astrocyte (O2A) progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes express HER2 and HER4 but no HER3. Schwann cells express HER2 and HER3 but little HER4. In O2A progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes, recombinant neuregulin induces the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of only HER4. HER2 is not phosphorylated in cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage, but a physical interaction between HER2 and HER4 was detected in coimmunoprecipitation experiments. In Schwann cells, neuregulin induces the phosphorylation of both HER2 and HER3. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicate that receptor activation in Schwann cells results in the formation of HER2:HER3 heterodimers. Neuregulin localized immunocytochemically was present on neurites of cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons, and it was released into the medium in a form that promoted receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. Neuregulins therefore meet important criteria expected of molecules involved in axonal-glial signaling. The use of unique neuregulin receptor combinations in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells likely results in recruitment of different signaling pathways and thus provides a basis for different biological responses.
Automated exterior inspection of an aircraft with a pan-tilt-zoom camera mounted on a mobile robot (2015)

This paper deals with an automated preflight aircraft inspection using a pan-tilt-zoom camera mounted on a mobile robot moving autonomously around the aircraft. The general topic is image processing framework for detection and exterior inspection of different types of items, such as closed or unlatched door, mechanical defect on the engine, the integrity of the empennage, or damage caused by impacts or cracks. The detection step allows to focus on the regions of interest and point the camera toward the item to be checked. It is based on the detection of regular shapes, such as rounded corner rectangles, circles, and ellipses. The inspection task relies on clues, such as uniformity of isolated image regions, convexity of segmented shapes, and periodicity of the image intensity signal. The approach is applied to the inspection of four items of Airbus A320: oxygen bay handle, air-inlet vent, static ports, and fan blades. The results are promising and demonstrate the feasibility of an automated exterior inspection.
Study on Kawaii in motion - Classifying Kawaii motion using Roomba (2012)

The Department of Advanced Robotics, Chiba Institute of Technology Narashino, Chiba, Japan 275-0016†mad.hatter.teaparty3173@gmail.com ††yumemiru_yuuki@yahoo.co.jp †††tomiyama.ken@it-chiba.ac.jpIn this study, we attempt to categorize Kawaii-ness in motion using Roomba as a testing bed. Kawaii, a Japanese word expressing favorable characteristics such as pretty, adorable and fairly like, is a part of Japanese original concept Kansei (sensibility, sensitivity, feeling, emotion, etc.) and becomes known to many people in relation to Japanese anime. Researchers have started studying Kawaii-ness and results on Kawaii-ness in shape and color have been published but not in motion. We, therefore, focus our study on Kawaii-ness in motion. We chose Roomba for our study because Roomba is not particularly Kawaii in shape or color and that helps us evaluating Kawaii-ness in motion. Furthermore, Roomba shows variety of motions using combinations of three basic motions consisting of straight motion, turn, and spin. This makes it easy to segment and categorize its motion according to Kawaii-ness contents. First, natural motion of Roomba was shown to several subjects and asked them to identify parts of motion that they found Kawaii. We asked to identify Kawaii motions using arrows of various shapes, such as a circular arrow for the circling motion. We then segmented and categorized the motion of Roomba according to the identified Kawaii blocks. Randomly chosen 10 prepared video segments were shown to another set of subjects to ask Kawaii-ness content of those segmented motions. For every Roomba motion a subject found Kawaii, we asked the subject to answer the questionnaire consisting of pairs of adjectives prepared according to the SD method. The representative physical features ofcategorized Roomba motions are correlated with the Kawaii-ness based on the result of the questionnaire. We report our findings in detail in this article.
Polymorphisms associated with coronary heart disease: better by the score. (2006)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) has a genetic component independent of traditional risk factors. However, the risk associated with individual genetic polymorphisms is likely modest, and therefore initial claims of associations with CHD require testing in other studies. We surveyed the literature for studies that retested polymorphisms previously reported to be associated with CHD, and found that these associations were reproduced for only 15 of the 172 polymorphisms considered. This review discusses how the modest risk associated with each individual polymorphism generates false-positive, as well as false-negative results. Common strategies to address these issues are described, including methods to aggregate risk estimates from several polymorphisms into a genetic risk score.
Usefulness of Unenhanced MRI and MR Arthrography of the Shoulder in Detection of Unstable Labral Tears (2015)

In this study, unenhanced MRI and MR arthrography of the shoulder was useful in diagnosing unstable labral tears in 23 patients with SLAP tears, 16 patients with posterior labral tears, and 17 patients with anterior labral tears. This information was useful in surgical planning. Of 133 tears that moved less than 4 mm on unenhanced MR images and MR arthrograms, 130 were considered stable on arthroscopy.
Defect chemistry and oxygen diffusion in theHgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δsuperconductor: A computer simulation study (1995)

Atomistic computer-simulation techniques are used to investigate the defect and ion transport properties of the Hg-based superconductors. We focus our attention on the highest-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ material, ${\mathrm{HgBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$, for which we correctly reproduce the tetragonal structure using our potential model. Defect calculations predict the most favorable oxygen interstitial position as the O(4) [1/21/20] site on the Hg plane, in agreement with diffraction studies. We find significant local relaxation around this defect. The complex defect, which involves substitution of Cu for Hg, is also examined in some detail. We calculate exothermic energies for the hole-doping (oxidation) reaction in which oxygen excess (\ensuremath{\delta}) is incorporated as doubly charged O(4) interstitials and compensated by hole formation. Oxygen diffusion is attributed to interstitial migration, and is predicted to be both rapid and anisotropic.
Controlled Synthesis of Nanoscale Icosahedral Gold Particles at Room Temperature (2012)

Abstract The shape of nanocrystals determines surface atomic arrangement and coordination, influencing their chemical and physical properties. We present a novel and facile approach to synthesize gold icosahedra by employing glucose as reducing reagent and sodium dodecyl sulfate as directing agent in the environmentally benign medium of water at room temperature. The size of the icosahedra can be controlled in the range of 30–250 nm by altering reaction conditions. High‐resolution microscopy and diffraction studies indicate the icosahedra are composed of rotational twins that owe likely to assemblage of tetrahedral units. The gold icosahedra particles catalytic properties are probed in the borohydride reduction of p ‐nitrophenols and exhibit a size‐dependence reaction property. Comparison studies with spherical particles prepared by the Turkevich method, coupled with poisoning experiments, infer that the shape has a strong influence in the abundance of active surface sites as well as their activities. The properties of nanoscale icosahedra particles has promising applications for further catalytic processes, surface enhancement spectroscopic methods, chemical or biological sensing, and the fabrication of nanoscale devices.