gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of methods for the Fmoc solid‐phase synthesis and cleavage of a peptide containing both tryptophan and arginine (1993)

A major side reaction which can occur during the synthesis of Trp-containing peptides is modification of the Trp indole by reactive carbonium ion species released during acidolytic cleavage. [Asn2,Trp4]Dynorphin A-(1-13), a sequence which is very susceptible to Trp modification, was chosen as a model peptide to compare the effectiveness of various methods proposed to minimize Trp modification during Fmoc solid-phase synthesis. The peptide was synthesized with the side chain of Trp unprotected and cleaved by Reagent K [82.5% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)/5% phenol/5% water/5% thioanisole/2.5% ethanedithiol (EDT)] [King, D.S. et al. (1990) Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 36, 255-266], Reagent R [90% TFA/5% thioanisole/3% EDT/2% anisole] [Albericio, F. et al. (1990) J. Org. Chem. 55, 3730-3743], TFA containing 20% EDT and 4% water [Riniker, B. & Hartmann, A. (1990) in Peptides: Chemistry, Structure, and Biology (Rivier, J.E. & Marshall, G.R., eds.), pp. 950-952, Escom, Leiden], and TFA containing trialkylsilane, MeOH, and ethylmethyl sulfide [Chan, W.C. & Bycroft, B.W. (1992) in Peptides: Chemistry, Structure, and Biology, Op. cit., pp. 613-614]. Cleavage with Reagent K, Reagent R and TFA containing 20% EDT and 4% water yielded similar results; in addition to the desired peptide, the crude product contained 22-30% of a side product which appeared to result from Trp modification by a Pmc group. Cleavage with the trialkylsilane-containing mixture gave the lowest recovery of the desired peptide and the highest levels of Pmc-containing peptides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Frequency based electric vehicle charge controller system and method for implementing demand response and regulation services to power grid using frequency detection (2023)

Frequency responsive charging for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV), a frequency sensing charging system and a method are provided for implementing demand response and regulation services to power grid using frequency detection for a frequency-based charge controller for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV). A frequency of the power grid is continuously monitored and compared to a predefined tolerance band by a frequency sensor. Responsive to the frequency being outside the predefined tolerance band, the frequency is applied to a programmable logic controller. The programmable logic controller uses the applied frequency to identify a control action. A charge controller and a switch coupled to a battery charger receive respective identified control actions for controlling the battery charger.
A measure for mesh compression of time-variant geometry: Research Articles (2004)

We present a novel measure for compression of time-variant geometry. Compression of time-variant geometry has become increasingly relevant as transmission of high quality geometry streams is severely limited by network bandwidth. Some work has been done on such compression schemes, but none of them give a measure for prioritizing the loss of information from the geometry stream while doing a lossy compression. In this paper we introduce a cost function which assigns a cost to the removal of particular geometric primitives during compression, based upon their importance in preserving the complete animation. We demonstrate that the use of this measure visibly enhances the performance of existing compression schemes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to Prepare Membrane Proteins for Solid‐State NMR: A Case Study on the α‐Helical Integral Membrane Protein Diacylglycerol Kinase from E. coli (2005)

Several studies have demonstrated that it is viable to use microcrystalline preparations of water-soluble proteins as samples in solid-state NMR experiments [1-5]. Here, we investigate whether this approach holds any potential for studying water-insoluble systems, namely membrane proteins. For this case study, we have prepared proteoliposomes and small crystals of the alpha-helical membrane-protein diacylglycerol kinase (DGK). Preparations were characterised by 13C- and 15N-cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR. It was found that crystalline samples produce better-resolved spectra than proteoliposomes. This makes them more suitable for structural NMR experiments. However, reconstitution is the method of choice for biophysical studies by solid-state NMR. In addition, we discuss the identification of lipids bound to membrane-protein crystals by 31P-MAS NMR.
Pharmacogenetics (1968)

Dr. Richard Miller, Senior Assistant Resident in Medicine, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, and Assistant in Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine: A 32-year-old, Negro woman was admitted to the Jewish Hospital for the first time on Aug 4, 1967, because of a ten months' history of diffuse abdominal pain, which had begun after the delivery of her eighth child. The pain was gnawing, occasionally sharp, and resistant to all medication. The patient also had had anorexia, hematemesis, and a 40.9-kg (90-lb) weight loss. The hematocrit reading was 39% on her clinic visit of July 27, when treatment with prochlorperazine (Compazine), chloral hydrate, and an analgesic (Darvon Compound) was started. She had been hospitalized in 1960 and 1967 for psychiatric illnesses. Physical examination on admission was completely unremarkable. Hematocrit value was 33%, white blood cell count was 7,200/cu mm, and differential count was normal, platelets were adequate, reticulocyte count was
Chemical Composition and Rheological Properties of Set Yoghurt Prepared from Skimmed Milk Treated with Horseradish Peroxidase (2012)

The aim of this work is to determine the impact of an enzymatic treatment on the fermentation and rheological properties of set yoghurt prepared from skimmed milk. Skimmed bovine milk was treated with horseradish peroxidase added at the level of 645 U per g of proteins in the presence (addition level of 7.8 mmol per L of milk) or absence of ferulic acid as a cross-linking agent, and used to prepare set yoghurt with commercial direct vat set starter culture. The evaluation showed that the treatment of skimmed milk with horseradish peroxidase enhanced its apparent viscosity, and storage and loss moduli. The prepared yoghurt contained protein, fat and total solids at 3.49–3.59, 0.46–0.52 and 15.23–15.43 %, respectively, had titratable acidity of 0.83–0.88 %, and no significant difference in the composition was found among the yoghurt samples (p>0.05). Compared to the control yoghurt, the yoghurt prepared from the milk treated with horseradish peroxidase had a higher apparent viscosity, storage and loss moduli and flow behavior indices, especially when ferulic acid was added. Yoghurt samples from the skimmed milk treated either with horseradish peroxidase only or with the additional ferulic acid treatment had better structural reversibility, because their hysteresis loop area during rheological analysis was larger (p<0.05).
Short-term outcome in total knee replacement after soft-tissue release and balancing (2008)

We studied the influence of soft-tissue releases and soft-tissue balance on the outcome of 526 total knee replacements one year after operation. The surgery had been performed by seven surgeons in five centres in the United Kingdom between October 1999 and December 2002. Balancing was carried out by five surgeons using spacers and trials and by two surgeons using a 'balancer' instrument. All the surgeons assessed the adequacy of their releases by taking measurements with the balancer after soft-tissue release before implanting the components. Independent observers collected the Oxford knee scores and applied the American Knee Society functional and knee scores as well as recording the range of movement of the replaced knee. These were compared with the pre-operative scores and the extent of the releases. We found differences in outcomes between minimal and extensive releases and between balanced and imbalanced knees. Knees requiring extensive soft-tissue releases showed greater change in the short-term clinical outcome without increased complications and achieved similar results at one year compared with those with less deformity pre-operatively which had required less soft-tissue release. Balancing an imbalanced knee improved the short-term knee outcome.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2‐Glycole Carbonates from Olefin and Vinyl Compounds. Part 1. Syn‐thesis of Propylene Carbonate. (1982)

Abstract Die Herstellung des cyclischen Carbonats (III) wird eingehend untersucht.
Analysis of Graft Length Change Patterns in Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction via a Fluoroscopic Guidance Method (2018)

The graft length change pattern could be nonphysiologic at the position determined through the fluoroscopic guidance method; thus, caution may be necessary. The change in length pattern should be checked before graft fixation. If the length change pattern is unfavorable, then it is advisable to move it approximately 5 to 7 mm distally or posterodistally from the first position.
Correction: Huang, H.-M., et al. Effects of Sapindus mukorossi Seed Oil on Skin Wound Healing: In Vivo and In Vitro Testing. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 2579 (2019)

The authors are sorry to report that some of the HPLC data reported in their recently published paper [...].
Morphology of the lumbar intertransverse process fusion mass in the rabbit model: a comparison between two bone graft materials--rhBMP-2 and autograft. (1996)

We used computed tomography and the rabbit model to seek an explanation for the biomechanical superiority of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) as compared with autogenous iliac bone in lumbar intertransverse process fusions, i.e., the rhBMP-2 fusions demonstrated significantly higher strength and stiffness. The results show that the fusion masses using rhBMP-2 have higher volume, and higher minimum contact area of fusion mass attachment to the transverse process. For both bone graft materials there was a correlation between site of failure and the fusion mass quadrant that contained the minimum contact area of attachment to the transverse process. The ideal graft material would be one that produced strong, mature, early fusions that failed along their length at random positions, rather than failing with high frequency at the transverse process. The fusions using rhBMP-2 were nearer to the ideal than those using autograft: These were stronger, more mature, and only 6 of 9 rhBMP-2 failed in the quadrant that contained the minimum contact area of attachment to the transverse process, as opposed to 11 of 12 for autograft.
Pathology of the vulva and vagina (1994)

Extensive clinical, epidemiologic and pathologic research published in the past year has enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis and natural history of human papillomavirus induced female genital tract lesions, and refined diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in management of these patients. Current experience with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia as well as diagnosis and treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina and vulva are discussed. Advanced imaging techniques and immunohistochemical studies are employed in diagnosis and classification of less common neoplasms. New antibiotics and potent topical steroids are available for treatment of inflammatory vulvovaginitis, particularly in cases of recurrent candidiasis and lichen sclerosus. Persistent or resistant vulvovaginitis may benefit from an interdisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment.
Computational study of 2-aminopyrimidine, 2-amino-5-nitropyrimidine, and the corresponding S,S-dimethyl-N-sulfilimines (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputational study of 2-aminopyrimidine, 2-amino-5-nitropyrimidine, and the corresponding S,S-dimethyl-N-sulfiliminesPeter Politzer, Gary P. Kirschenheuter, and Richard S. MillerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 6, 1436–1440Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100317a015https://doi.org/10.1021/j100317a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
StarCraft AI Competition: A Step Toward Human‐Level AI for Real‐Time Strategy Games (2016)

This article reviews the two most recent IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG) StarCraft Artificial Intelligence (AI) Competitions organized by the authors; these were the fourth and fifth in a series of annual competitions initiated in 2011. StarCraft AI Competitions have been hosted in conjunction with three different events: the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE), CIG, and Student StarCraft AI Tournament (SSCAIT). The purpose of these competitions is to design bots that are able autonomously and successfully to play the StarCraft game by implementing real‐time strategies. Recent results reveal the promising use of AI techniques in creating successful AI entries, but there is room for improvement with respect to the bots' ability to adapt and learn to defeat humans and scripted AI bots.
A controlled study on gastrointestinal nematodes from two Swedish cattle farms showing field evidence of ivermectin resistance (2014)

Overall, this experiment showed that the animals were successfully treated according to the Faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) standard (≥ 95% reduction). However, several adult worms of the dose-limiting species C. oncophora demonstrably survived the IVM treatment.
W=Shockley, the transistor pioneer-portrait of an inventive genius (1998)

A author looks at W=Shockley's (as was his trademark signature) patents to capture a glimpse of his creative mind. A list of 90 of Shockley's patents has been assembled, including those for the electron multiplier tube (with J. R. Pierce) in 1941, the Shockley diode, and the junction transistor, filed in June 1948 and granted in September 1951 by the US Patent Office.
LOW-TEMPERATURE STUDIES ON PHYTOCHROME: LIGHT AND DARK REACTIONS IN THE RED TO FAR-RED TRANSFORMATION AND NEW INTERMEDIATE FORMS OF PHYTOCHROME (1968)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Effects of norepinephrine on tissue perfusion in a sheep model of intra-abdominal hypertension (2015)

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to describe the effects of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) on regional and microcirculatory intestinal blood flow, renal blood flow, and urine output, as well as their response to increases in blood pressure induced by norepinephrine. Methods This was a pilot, controlled study, performed in an animal research laboratory. Twenty-four anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep were studied. We measured systemic hemodynamics, superior mesenteric and renal blood flow, villi microcirculation, intramucosal-arterial PCO 2 , urine output, and intra-abdominal pressure. IAH (20 mm Hg) was generated by intraperitoneal instillation of warmed saline. After 1 h of IAH, sheep were randomized to IAH control ( n = 8) or IAH norepinephrine ( n = 8) groups, for 1 h. In this last group, mean arterial pressure was increased about 20 mm Hg with norepinephrine. A sham group ( n = 8) was also studied. Fluids were administered to prevent decreases in cardiac output. Differences between groups were analyzed with two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results After 2 h of IAH, abdominal perfusion pressure decreased in IAH control group compared to IAH norepinephrine and sham groups (49 ± 11, 73 ± 11, and 86 ± 15 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.0001). There were no differences in superior mesenteric artery blood flow, intramucosal-arterial PCO 2 , and villi microcirculation among groups. Renal blood flow (49 ± 30, 32 ± 24, and 102 ± 45 mL.min −1 .kg −1 , P &lt; 0.0001) and urinary output (0.3 ± 0.1, 0.2 ± 0.2, and 1.0 ± 0.6 mL.h −1 .kg −1 , P &lt; 0.0001) were decreased in IAH control and IAH norepinephrine groups, compared to the sham group. Conclusions In this experimental model of IAH, the gut and the kidney had contrasting responses: While intestinal blood flow and villi microcirculation remained unchanged, renal perfusion and urine output were severely compromised.
Genetic Variability of Morphological and Cultural Characteristics in Sweetpea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) (2010)

In Japan, the use of forced culture conditions to produce sweetpea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) cut flowers has flourished. The tendril-less trait that results in compound leaves instead of tendrils is a very important trait for forced flower production because removing unnecessary tendrils markedly increases the amount of labor and production management costs. Thirty-five morphological and cultural characteristics were examined in 38 sweetpea cultivars. We analyzed the relationship between characteristics, especially those deemed important for reducing labor costs such as the tendril-less trait, and calculated correlation coefficients. Cluster analysis was also employed to evaluate the dataset and it showed that 38 cultivars could be classified into 3 clusters. Cluster I cultivars are recommended as garden-type plants because their initial flower buds were too late to be forced. Cluster II cultivars are suitable as cut flower type plants. Cluster III cultivars are appropriate as garden or container-type plants because the peduncles were too short to use as cut flowers. Furthermore, the results of principal component analysis indicated some important factors for classification of cultivars. These were consistent with the results of cluster analysis. Our analysis of the morphological and cultural characteristics of sweetpea grown under conditions to force flowering provides a foundation for the efficient breeding of this important horticultural plant.
Relocalization of Endothelial Cell β-Catenin After Coculture With Activated Neutrophils From Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass (2004)

Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with neutrophil activation, inflammation, and consecutive edema. The impairment of endothelial junction molecules, and thus, hyperpermeability elicited by the interaction of activated neutrophils with endothelial cells may be important in this regard. Cocultures with human endothelial cells and neutrophils from 10 cardiac surgery patients with CPB were used to evaluate the role of neutrophils in modifications of the endothelial zonula adherens molecules VE-cadherin and beta-catenin. Laser scan microscopic analyses showed that neutrophils, which were isolated after the beginning of CPB, significantly impaired intracellular redistribution of endothelial beta-catenin with regard to membrane association (p <.0002) and staining pattern (p <.0001). VE-cadherin localization was not found to be significantly modified. Western blots with total cell extracts showed that amounts of beta-catenin did not vary significantly after co-culture with activated neutrophils. Activated neutrophils during cardiac surgery with CPB may induce endothelial dysfunction by impairing beta-catenin localization and thus contribute to endothelial hyperpermeability.
The relationship of chemotherapeutic and endocrine intervention on natural killer cell activity in human breast cancer (1991)

Peripheral blood natural killer (NK) activity against K562 target tumor cells was monitored in patients with breast cancer receiving no treatment, combination chemotherapy, and/or endocrine therapy. NK activity in untreated Stage I patients with no evidence of disease (ned) was significantly higher than in healthy controls. NK activity was shown to decline in individuals with cytotoxic drug therapy (P equals 0.036). There also were reduction in lymphocyte recoveries concomitant with chemotherapeutic intervention (P less than 0.001). Lymphocyte counts were incorporated in a calculation of absolute NK activity that more accurately reflected the significant reduction in NK activity that occurred in patients with localized and systemic disease on chemotherapy. Different chemotherapeutic agents were found to selectively affect NK activity. Stage II patients on phenylalanine mustard (P)/5-fluorouracil (F) (PF) and cyclophosphamide (C)/methotrexate (M)/5-fluorouracil (F) (CMF) protocols showed significant reductions in overall NK activity relative to healthy controls and Stage I patients with ned. Patients on P/doxorubicin (A)/F/tamoxifen (Tx) (PAFT) protocols showed reduced NK activity relative to Stage I patients. Patients on the short-dose C/A (CA) protocol showed normal levels of overall NK activity. High-risk Stage I patients on methotrexate (M)/F (MF)with sequential leucovorin rescue and patients with metastatic disease on endocrine therapy, i.e., Tx or megestrol acetate (Meg) showed overall NK activities in the range of healthy controls. Patients with systemic disease on CMF, CMF/vincristine/prednisone (CMFVP), vinblastine/A/thiotepa/fluoxymesterone (VATH), mitomycin/mitoxantrone (MtMx), and A regimens showed overall levels of absolute NK that were significantly less than either healthy controls or metastatic patients undergoing endocrine therapy. NK cytolytic data, monitored at multiple effector to target ratios, were subjected to exponential regression analysis. The elevation of NK cell responses in Stage I patients with ned and the decline of NK cell responses with cytotoxic chemotherapy were due to alterations in the maximal plateau levels of NK cell cytotoxicity represented by the A (asymptote) values. The k values obtained on regression analysis and indices of the relative killing capacities of individual NK cells remained unaltered in all populations. These results suggest that the cytolytic lymphocyte NK pool, elevated in Stage I patients with cancer, selectively declines as a result of cytotoxic therapy.