gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deswelling characteristics of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel (1994)

Abstract Poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) gels exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior in aqueous solution. At temperatures below the LCST, the gel is more hydrated than at temperatures above the LCST. At the LCST, the volume change is sharp. It is shown here that the water content of the gel above the LCST depends upon previous states of the gel (e.g., dry or wet), the heating rate, and the gel thickness. Deswelling kinetics are also affected by the gel thickness. Caffeine release experiments indicate that microscopic water pockets are formed within the matrix during the rapid gel collapse procedure. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis—1992 (1992)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the most frequent opportunistic ocular infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 1-6 and, when left untreated, ultimately leads to blindness. 4 Approximately 20% of patients with AIDS develop CMV retinitis at some time in their lives. 1-5 With the advent of the AIDS epidemic, 7 there may be as many as 20 000 to 30 000 new cases of CMV retinitis in the United States in 1992. See also pp 188 and 255. Two drugs have been approved for the treatment of CMV retinitis: ganciclovir (Cytovene, Syntex Laboratories Inc, Palo Alto, Calif) 4,6,8-13 and foscarnet (Foscavir, Astra Pharmaceutical Products Inc, Westborough, Mass). 14-17 Ganciclovir's investigational use began in 1984; it received approval from the Food and Drug Administration in 1989. The only form of ganciclovir approved for use is the intravenous one. The initial, 2-week, high-dose induction therapy is begun to control the
Hardware Acceleration of Adaptive Neural Algorithms (HAANA). (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Invasive Harlequin Ladybird Carries Biological Weapons Against Native Competitors (2013)

Invasive species that proliferate after colonizing new habitats have a negative environmental and economic impact. The reason why some species become successful invaders, whereas others, even closely related species, remain noninvasive is often unclear. The harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis, introduced for biological pest control, has become an invader that is outcompeting indigenous ladybird species in many countries. Here, we show that Harmonia carries abundant spores of obligate parasitic microsporidia closely related to Nosema thompsoni. These microsporidia, while not harming the carrier Harmonia, are lethal pathogens for the native ladybird Coccinella septempunctata. We propose that intraguild predation, representing a major selective force among competing ladybird species, causes the infection and ultimate death of native ladybirds when they feed on microsporidia-contaminated Harmonia eggs or larvae.
Third-order theory of the Risley-prism-based beam steering system (2011)

Nonparaxial ray tracing is performed to investigate the field scanned out by a single beam through two rotatable thick prisms with different parameters, and a general solution is obtained and then expanded into a power series to establish the third-order theory for Risley prisms that paves the way to investigate topics of interest such as optical distortions in the scan pattern and an analytical solution of the inverse problem of a Risley-prism-based laser beam steering system; i.e., the problem is concerned with how to direct a laser beam to any specified direction within the angular range of the system.
Which stem cells to choose for regenerative medicine application: Bone marrow and adipose tissue stromal stem cells – Similarities and differences (2018)

Background: Clinical use of stromal stem cells in regenerative medicine is increasingly recognized as a promising treatment modality for age-related degenerative diseases based on the promising initial results of clinical trials. However, the magnitude of positive effects observed in these trials has been variable which can be explained by the lack of standardization of the stem cell products “cell product.” Bone marrow-derived stromal (also known mesenchymal) stem cells (BM-hMSC) and adipose tissue-hMSC (AD-hMSC) have been used interchangeably in clinical trials employing stromal stem cells as they were thought to be functionally identical. Methods: In the present study, we performed an extensive side-by-side comparison of BM-hMSC and AD-hMSC for their CD marker expression using FACS analysis, molecular phenotype using global mRNA gene expression analysis, and functional studies for their in vitro differentiation capacity to osteoblasts and adipocytes. Results: We observed both stromal cell populations were CD44+ CD13+ CD90+ CD29+ CD105+ CD14− HLDR−. We also observed that they express common genetic signature consisting of 13,667 genes with enrichment in a number of pathways relevant to stem cell biology, for example, focal adhesion, insulin signaling, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. On the other hand, we observed significant differences in their molecular phenotype with 3282 and 1409 genes differentially expression in BM-hMSC and AD-hMSC, respectively. Further analysis revealed higher expression of genes associated with osteoblast differentiation in BM-hMSC and those of adipocyte differentiation in AD-hMSC which correlated with their differential capacity for osteoblast versus adipocyte differentiation, respectively. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the clinical use of MSC in therapy depend on MSC site of origin, and thus, BM-hMSC are better suited for clinical trials aiming at enhancing bone regeneration. We suggest that molecular phenotype of stem cells is relevant approach for stem cell screening before their clinical transplantation.
Search for direct slepton and gaugino production in final states with two leptons and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at s=7 TeV (2012)

A search for the electroweak pair production of charged sleptons and weak gauginos decaying into final states with two leptons is performed using 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data at s=7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excesses are observed with respect to the prediction from Standard Model processes. In the scenario of direct slepton production, if the sleptons decay directly into the lightest neutralino, left-handed slepton masses between 85 and 195 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for a 20 GeV neutralino. Chargino masses between 110 and 340 GeV are excluded in the scenario of direct production of wino-like chargino pairs decaying into the lightest neutralino via an intermediate on-shell charged slepton for a 10 GeV neutralino. The results are also interpreted in the framework of the phenomenological minimal supersymmetric Standard Model.
Human Evaluation of Internet-Based Bilateral Teleoperation Using Wave Variables With Adaptive Predictor and Direct Drift Control (2006)

In a conventional bilateral teleoperation, transmission delay over the Internet can potentially cause instability. The wave variables algorithm can solve this problem at the cost of poor transient response. The wave variables algorithm with adaptive predictor and drift control based on our previous work [24] has been proposed to provide stability under time delay with improved performance. The effectiveness of this algorithm is fully evaluated using human subjects with no previous experience in haptics. Three algorithms are tested using Phantom haptic devices as master and slave: conventional bilateral teleoperation with no transmission delay as control, wave variables with 200-300 ms transmission delay one way, and wave variables with adaptive predictor and direct drift control (WAPD) also with 200-300 ms delay one way. For each algorithm the human subjects are asked to perform three simple tasks: free space trajectory tracking, surface contour identification, and maze navigation. The results show WAPD to be superior to regular wave variables algorithm with higher subject ratings.
Scattered data interpolation methods for electronic imaging systems: a survey (2002)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Turbulent convective velocities (broadband and wavenumber dependent) in a plane jet (1981)

An investigation into the magnitude and direction of the convective velocity in a plane air jet was performed. Convective velocities were obtained from cross-correlation measurements. They are defined as the ratio of the spacing between two hot-wire probes and the time delay between their signals to reach maximum correlation. These velocities were larger in magnitude than the local mean velocities for lateral distances greater than the half-width of the jet. Frequency analysis of the convective velocity indicates that the large-scale eddies move slower than the mean flow while the small scales move faster. Based on the convective velocity vector, broadband ‘convection lines’ were defined and found to point outward with respect to the streamlines for all values of y / b [Gt ] 0·5. Likewise, frequency investigation indicates that ‘convection lines’ point outward for all y / b [Lt ] 1·3 and then inward for larger values of y / b .
ChemInform Abstract: Antimycobacterial Activity of Substituted Isosteres of Pyridine‐ and Pyrazinecarboxylic Acids. Part 2. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Graphic Designer's Digital Printing and PrePress Handbook (2001)

It's every graphic designer's nightmare: you finish a huge job, slip in the disc, hit print-and discover a glaring problem that will cost you your deadline, and possibly your client. Such all-too-frequent glitches can be avoided with the guidance this book offers. This step-by-step guide, covering every aspect of digital prepress printing, is written in practical, accessible language and is filled with helpful explanatory images that give designers a framework for logically thinking through projects in a way that ensures a spectacular finished product-the first time. Issues covered: Preplanning (choosing the right process and equipment for your job), Setup (getting the exact printer specifications so jobs will print correctly), Color, Resolution, Proofs (utilizing digital technologies to ensure the highest quality), Paper (choosing the material best suited for a particular job).
Effect of gate voltage polarity on the ionic liquid gating behavior of NdNiO3/NdGaO3 heterostructures (2017)

The effect of gate voltage polarity on the behavior of NdNiO3 epitaxial thin films during ionic liquid gating is studied using in situ synchrotron X-ray techniques. We show that while negative biases have no discernible effect on the structure or composition of the films, large positive gate voltages result in the injection of a large concentration of oxygen vacancies (∼3%) and pronounced lattice expansion (0.17%) in addition to a 1000-fold increase in sheet resistance at room temperature. Despite the creation of large defect densities, the heterostructures exhibit a largely reversible switching behavior when sufficient time is provided for the vacancies to migrate in and out of the thin film surface. The results confirm that electrostatic gating takes place at negative gate voltages for p-type complex oxides while positive voltages favor the electrochemical reduction of Ni3+. Switching between positive and negative gate voltages therefore involves a combination of electronic and ionic doping processes that may be utilized in future electrochemical transistors.
Contamination of Phthalate Esters (PAEs) in Typical Wastewater-Irrigated Agricultural Soils in Hebei, North China (2015)

The Wangyang River (WYR) basin is a typical wastewater irrigation area in Hebei Province, North China. This study investigated the concentration and distribution of six priority phthalate esters (PAEs) in the agricultural soils in this area. Thirty-nine soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected along the WYR to assess the PAE residues in soils. Results showed that PAEs are ubiquitous environmental contaminants in the topsoil obtained from the irrigation area. The concentrations of Σ6PAEs range from 0.191 μg g-1 dw to 0.457 μg g-1 dw with an average value of 0.294 μg g-1 dw. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) are the dominant PAE species in the agricultural soils. Among the DEHP concentrations, the highest DEHP concentration was found at the sites close to the villages; this result suggested that dense anthropogenic activities and random garbage disposal in the rural area are possible sources of PAEs. The PAE concentrations were weakly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon and soil enzyme activities; thus, these factors can affect the distribution of PAEs. This study further showed that only dimethyl phthalate (DMP) concentrations exceeded the recommended allowable concentrations; no remediation measures are necessary to control the PAEs in the WYR area. However, the PAEs in the topsoil may pose a potential risk to the ecosystem and human health in this area. Therefore, the exacerbating PAE pollution should be addressed.
Cellular Prion Protein Promotes Brucella Infection into Macrophages (2003)

The products of the Brucella abortus virB gene locus, which are highly similar to conjugative DNA transfer system, enable the bacterium to replicate within macrophage vacuoles. The replicative phagosome is thought to be established by the interaction of a substrate of the VirB complex with macrophages, although the substrate and its host cellular target have not yet been identified. We report here that Hsp60, a member of the GroEL family of chaperonins, of B. abortus is capable of interacting directly or indirectly with cellular prion protein (PrPC) on host cells. Aggregation of PrPC tail-like formation was observed during bacterial swimming internalization into macrophages and PrPC was selectively incorporated into macropinosomes containing B. abortus. Hsp60 reacted strongly with serum from human brucellosis patients and was exposed on the bacterial surface via a VirB complex-associated process. Under in vitro and in vivo conditions, Hsp60 of B. abortus bound to PrPC. Hsp60 of B. abortus, expressed on the surface of Lactococcus lactis, promoted the aggregation of PrPC but not PrPC tail formation on macrophages. The PrPC deficiency prevented swimming internalization and intracellular replication of B. abortus, with the result that phagosomes bearing the bacteria were targeted into the endocytic network. These results indicate that signal transduction induced by the interaction between bacterial Hsp60 and PrPC on macrophages contributes to the establishment of B. abortus infection.
Novel surface features for automated detection of focal cortical dysplasias in paediatric epilepsy (2016)

Focal cortical dysplasia is a congenital abnormality of cortical development and the leading cause of surgically remediable drug-resistant epilepsy in children. Post-surgical outcome is improved by presurgical lesion detection on structural MRI. Automated computational techniques have improved detection of focal cortical dysplasias in adults but have not yet been effective when applied to developing brains. There is therefore a need to develop reliable and sensitive methods to address the particular challenges of a paediatric cohort. We developed a classifier using surface-based features to identify focal abnormalities of cortical development in a paediatric cohort. In addition to established measures, such as cortical thickness, grey-white matter blurring, FLAIR signal intensity, sulcal depth and curvature, our novel features included complementary metrics of surface morphology such as local cortical deformation as well as post-processing methods such as the "doughnut" method - which quantifies local variability in cortical morphometry/MRI signal intensity, and per-vertex interhemispheric asymmetry. A neural network classifier was trained using data from 22 patients with focal epilepsy (mean age = 12.1 ± 3.9, 9 females), after intra- and inter-subject normalisation using a population of 28 healthy controls (mean age = 14.6 ± 3.1, 11 females). Leave-one-out cross-validation was used to quantify classifier sensitivity using established features and the combination of established and novel features. Focal cortical dysplasias in our paediatric cohort were correctly identified with a higher sensitivity (73%) when novel features, based on our approach for detecting local cortical changes, were included, when compared to the sensitivity using only established features (59%). These methods may be applicable to aiding identification of subtle lesions in medication-resistant paediatric epilepsy as well as to the structural analysis of both healthy and abnormal cortical development.
A Low-Background Image Tube for Direct Electronography. (1961)

The use of image tubes for direct electronography at Yerkes Observatory has been frustrated because of intense background resulting from field emission. However, during the past six months, a decrease in background of 10~ has been achieved. This large factor has resulted in a tube that has a background 3 X 102 less than the sky background at the focus of the f/20 40-inch refractor. Furthermore, no ion spot has been detected. The lifetime of the photocathode appears to be unlimited. No change in sensitivity was detected over a period of one month even though the tube was cycled (emulsions inserted and removed) over 200 times. The resolution is 40 line pairs per mm.
A novel platform for pulmonary and cardiovascular toxicological characterization of inhaled engineered nanomaterials (2011)

A novel method is presented which is suitable for assessing in vivo the link between the physicochemical properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) and their biological outcomes. The ability of the technique to generate a variety of industry-relevant, property-controlled ENM exposure atmospheres for inhalation studies was systematically investigated. The primary particle size for Fe(2)O(3), SiO(2), Ag and Ag/SiO(2) was controlled from 4 to 25 nm, while the corresponding agglomerate mobility diameter of the aerosol was also controlled and varied from 40 to 120 nm. The suitability of the technique to characterize the pulmonary and cardiovascular effects of inhaled ENMs in intact animal models is also demonstrated using in vivo chemiluminescence (IVCL). The IVCL technique is a highly sensitive method for identifying cardiopulmonary responses to inhaled ENMs under relatively small doses and acute exposures. It is shown that moderate and acute exposures to inhaled nanostructured Fe(2)O(3) can cause both pulmonary and cardiovascular effects.
Single-Pass Rate-Smoothed Video Encoding With Quality Constraint (2007)

In this letter, we study the rate smoothing problem in single-pass video encoding, i.e., given a certain video quality constraint, how to smooth out the traffic rate so that the complexity of the video delivery can be reduced. We apply the low-pass filtering idea, originally proposed for single-pass quality-smoothed video encoding, into the problem of rate-smoothed video encoding. In particular, we use the arithmetic averaging filter to smooth out the rate during single-pass video encoding. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that our proposed scheme can not only smooth out the bit rate but also automatically achieve the targeted average video quality.
Performance analysis and prediction of processor scheduling strategies in multiprogrammed shared-memory multiprocessors (2002)

Small-scale shared-memory multiprocessors are commonly used in a workgroup environment where multiple applications, both parallel and sequential, are executed concurrently while sharing the processors and other system resources. To utilize the processors efficiently, an effective scheduling strategy is required. We use performance data obtained from an SGI multiprocessor to evaluate several processor scheduling strategies. We examine gang scheduling (coscheduling), static space sharing (space partitioning), and a dynamic allocation scheme called loop-level process control (LLPC) with three new dynamic allocation heuristics. We use regression analysis to quantify the measured data and thereby explore the relationship between the degree of parallelism of the application, the size of the system, the processor allocation strategy and the resulting performance. We also attempt to predict the performance of an application in a multiprogrammed environment. While the execution time predictions are relatively coarse, the models produce a reasonable rank-ordering of the scheduling strategies for each application. This study also shows that dynamically partitioning the system using LLPC or similar heuristics provides better performance for applications with a high degree of parallelism than either gang scheduling or static space sharing.
893. Tetronic acids and related compounds. Part II. The synthesis of (±)-carolinic acid (1956)

L. J. Haynes, J. R. Plimmer and A. H. Stanners, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 4661 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560004661
Enthalpies of reaction of (benzylideneacetone)iron tricarbonyl, (BDA)Fe(CO)3, with phosphine ligands. Thermodynamic insights into iron chemistry (1992)

The enthalpies of reaction of (BDA)Fe(CO)3 (BDA = benzylideneacetone) with a series of monodentate phosphine ligands (PR3) leading to the formation of trans-(PR3)2Fe(CO)3 complexes have been measured by solution calorimetry in THF at 50-degrees-C. These enthalpy data help establish the following relative order of stability: PEt3 > P(n)Bu3 > PMe3 > PPhMe2 > PPh2Me > PPh3. The data span a range of 15 kcal/mol. This stability scale sheds light on the relative donating ability of phosphines. These data also allow comparison with other organometallic systems and give insight into factors influencing the Fe-PR3 bond disruption enthalpies in the (PR3)2Fe-(CO)3 system.