gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corrosion and creep behaviour of alloy 800H in sulphidizing/oxidizing/carburizing environments at 700°C – Part I: Corrosion behaviour in the stress free and the stressed state (1990)

Abstract The corrosion behaviour of the austenitic 32Ni‐20Cr steel Alloy 800H was investigated in several S‐O‐C bearing gas mixtures simulating coal gasification environments at 700°C for up to 5000 h. It is shown that relatively small changes in oxygen and sulphur activities can cause a significant change in corrosion behaviour. Moreover creep deformation leads to a marked enhancement of the corrosive attack which takes place particularly along grain boundaries lying perpendicular to the stress axis.
A 3-V monolithic SiGe HBT power amplifier for dual-mode (CDMA/AMPS) cellular handset applications (2000)

A dual-mode (CDMA/AMPS) power amplifier has been successfully implemented by using a monolithic SiGe/Si heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) foundry process for cellular handset (824-849 MHz) applications. The designed two-stage power amplifier satisfies both CDMA and AMPS requirements in output power, linearity, and efficiency. At V/sub cc/=3 V,the power amplifier shows an excellent linearity (first ACPR<-44.1 dBc and second ACPR<-57.1 dBc) up to 28 dBm of output power for CDMA applications. Under the same bias condition, the power amplifier also meets AMPS handset requirements in output power (up to 31 dBm) and linearity (with second and third harmonic to fundamental ratios lower than -37 dBc and -55 dBc, respectively). At the maximum output power level, the worst power-added efficiencies (PAEs) are measured to be 36% for CDMA and 49% for AMPS operations. The power amplifier also tolerates severe output mismatch (VSWR>12:1) up to V/sub cc/=4 V, with spurs measured to be <-22 dBc in CDMA outputs at two specific tuning angles, but with no spur in AMPS outputs at any tuning angle.
Human aldolase B serum levels: A marker of liver injury (1984)

A solid-phase, noncompetitive radioimmunoassay has been developed for aldolase B in human serum and tissues. Aldolase B was purified from human liver, and specific antisera to purified aldolase B were obtained from chickens. Specific antihuman aldolase B IgG was purified by affinity chromatography. Disposable polypropylene plates were coated with affinity purified specific IgG antibody and used for radioimmunoassay with 125I-specific IgG antibody to aldolase B. The nonspecific binding was minimized by saturating the binding sites of the plates with 2% ovalbumin in 0.1% Tween 20. This radioimmunoassay is specific for the aldolase B subunit, with no cross-reactivity with human aldolase A or aldolase C subunits. Aldolase B is predominantly found in normal liver. Relatively high aldolase B levels are also observed in kidney. Serum levels of aldolase B in 21 normal subjects ranged from 21 to 39 ng per ml, with a mean of 28.7 +/- 8.6 (2 S.D.) ng per ml. Forty of 42 (95%) patients with acute and chronic hepatitis without cirrhosis had serum aldolase B levels greater than 40 ng per ml. Serum aldolase B levels correlated well with total serum aldolase enzyme activities (r = 0.967) and SGPT (r = 0.951) in patients with liver diseases. In cancer patients, serum aldolase B was slightly elevated in 15 of 26 (58%) patients with cancer metastatic to the liver or primary liver cell carcinoma, whereas no elevation of serum aldolase B was observed in 16 cancer patients without liver metastasis. Measurements of aldolase B serum levels by radioimmunoassay appear to be a useful measure of liver cell necrosis from benign or malignant liver diseases.
Short communication: A missense mutation in the PROP1 (prophet of Pit 1) gene affects male fertility and milk production traits in the US Holstein population (2012)

In previous studies, we reported significant associations of the POU1F1 pathway genes with reproduction and production traits in several dairy cattle populations. Polymorphisms in genes of this pathway were found to be associated with both female and male fertility traits in dairy cattle. The POU1F1 gene is a direct downstream target for the regulation of the prophet of Pit1 (PROP1) gene, also known as PROP paired-like homeobox 1. Interestingly, the position of PROP1 coincides with a quantitative trait locus affecting ovulation rate in cattle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether PROP1 affects fertility and milk production traits in Holstein cattle. Using the DNA pooling sequencing approach, a missense single nucleotide polymorphism that replaces a histidine amino acid with an arginine was detected in exon 3 of PROP1. The arginine allele was found to be associated with a decrease in sire conception rate and an increase in productive life, protein yield, and net merit index in a population of 1,951 Holstein bulls. The transcription factors produced from the histidine and arginine isoforms are known to have different transcription, DNA binding, and regulation activities. As such, we propose that the association of the arginine isoform with decreased bull fertility is likely caused by reduced activity of this allele in male functions. The findings of this study suggest PROP1 polymorphisms as candidates in selection programs for fertility, health, and milk production traits in dairy cattle.
Fundamental issues in time-delay estimation of multicarrier signals with applications to next-generation GNSS (2008)

Multicarrier (MC) signals, now well-known and widely adopted in the field of terrestrial wireless communications, are being adopted also in the field of satellite communications with the DVB-SH standard. The main motivation of MC signaling is its intrinsic ronbustness to multipath (frequency-selective) channels. On the other hand, multipath is known to be one of the dominant sources to the error budget in global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), mainly due to the bias it arises in time of arrival (TOA) estimation. From this viewpoint, it can be argued that MC signals could be adopted in a long-term horizon as ranging signals in GNSSs. In this paper we focus onto the issue of TOA estimation for Filter Bank Multicarrier Modulation (FBMCM) signal. FBMC is preferred as opposed to the well-known OFDM for its stricter spectral limitation and its frequency orthogonality of the subchannels. TOA estimation for FBMCM signals is investigated in terms of Cramer-Rao bound (CRB), with particular emphasis on the comparison with the case of single carrier modulation. As a corollary, it is also shown that MC signals with uneven power distribution can be adopted as an easy implementation of a cognitive positioning system (CPS).
Layout Research on Traffic Information Sign of Ring Expressway (2010)

Traffic signs are important means to control and evacuate traffic by providing traffic information so that it can ensure transportation safety. According to the characteristics of ring expressway construction, the article analyzes the traffic flow of highway network and concludes four models of traffic flow. Considering the purposes of traffic and traffic flowing models and technical classification of all highway networks, it proposes the layout and classification of traffic information and the referential standard of traffic signs. The classification of traffic signs are quit helpful to meet the demand of demand from different traffic involvers who need different traffic information. This method has been applied in the planning and layout of traffic signs for highway network with two rings & eight radial highways in Chongqing Municipality which can testify the method practically.
Studien zur Chemie von thienoanellierten O,N‐ und S,N‐haltigen Heterocyclen, 8. Synthese eines racemischen, thienoanalogen Diltiazems mit potentieller Calciumkanal blockierender Wirkung (1995)

Studies on the Chemistry of Thieno‐Annulated O,N‐ and S,N‐Containing Heterocycles, 8 [1]. –Synthesis of a Racemic, Thieno Analogue Diltiazem with Potential Ca 2+ Antagonistic Activity The synthesis of the thieno analogue diltiazem cis ‐8‐[2‐(di‐methylamino)ethyl]‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐7‐oxothieno[3,2‐ b ][1,4]thiazepin‐6‐yl acetate ( 1 ) is described. Reaction of 3‐bromo‐2‐nitrothiophene with Na 2 S · 9H 2 O yields the intermediate 3‐mercapto‐2‐nitrothiophene ( 6 ), which reacts with the racemic glycidate 7 to give the racemic threo compound 10. Reduction and cyclization of 10 furnish the thieno [3,2‐ b ][1,4]thiazepine derivative 12. N ‐Alkylation and acetylation of the hydroxy group of 12 leads to 1 .
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF OPIUM ALKALOIDS. PART X. SYNTHESIS OF RACEMIC AND OPTICALLY ACTIVE CODEINE AND MORPHINE VIA THE N‐FORMYLNORDIHYDROTHEBAINONES (1978)

Abstract Cyclisierung des Acetamides (III) ‐ zugänglich aus dem Phenethylamin (I) und der Phenylessigsäure (II) ‐ liefert das Isochinolin (IV), aus dem über das Salz (Va)‐HBr das Racemat (Va) gewonnen wird.
Expression of Chimeric Immunoglobulin Genes in Mammalian Cells (2003)

The ability to make monoclonal rodent antibodies has revolutionized immunology. To reduce the immunogenicity of these antibodies for human in vivo use, methods have been developed to create artificial recombinant antibodies (). Chimeric recombinant antibodies containing mouse variable domains and human constant domains are characterized by essentially the same antigen-binding properties as the mouse antibodies from hybridomas. The immunogenicity of the chimeric antibodies is lower owing to replacement of mouse constant domains for human ones. Various humanized, reshaped, and other antibody constructs have been created in different laboratories ().
Internet Audience Measurement (2001)

The objective of this paper is to provide some background to those interested in the Internet audience measurement industry, layout the alternative methods employed, and provide greater detail behind the methodology used by the leading Internet audience measurement service. Alternative measurement methods are discussed. Each of the commercial audience measurement firms that are active are constantly striving to refine and improve their methodologies to match the needs of a very rapidly changing industry, and some of these improvements are discussed. This paper concludes that considerable innovation will occur in the five years ahead, just as radical changes have occurred in the five years past.
A new solubilized formulation of Curcumin, Boswellia and Xanthohumol extract markedly enhances anti-inflammatory activity (2017)

Native extracts of Curcumin and Boswellia are known to exert anti-inflammatory properties, but have poor bioavailability when given orally. Through advanced micellation technology, it has been possible to produce stable solubilisates of these extracts, thereby markedly enhancing their bioavailability and consequently reducing the orally administered dose and reducing their potential adverse effects. In the present study, we compared the chronic anti-inflammatory activities of native curcumin and boswellia extracts with the solubilized form of both in the adjuvant arthritis model upon daily administration for three weeks. Diclofenac was used as reference drug. The combination of solubilisates of curcumin and boswellia extracts showed a better anti-inflammatory effect than either one alone. The reduction in paw volume was reflected in corresponding changes in relevant parameters for mediators of inflammation: TNF-α, IL-6. The findings confirm that the solubilsates of curcumin and boswellia extracts allow the use of much lower doses than required in the native form to achieve a potent anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover the combination of curcumin and boswellia solubilisates show that they potentiate one another to produce a therapeutic effect equivalent to if not more potent than diclofenac. Much better results were obtained with the combination of solubilized xanthohumol and curcumin, which revealed an even more potent anti-inflammatory effect than diclofenac, which has been used as a reference drug, and the combination of solubilized curcumin and boswellia extracts.
Ocular and Systemic Factors Relevant to Diabetic Keratoepitheliopathy (2001)

Qualitative abnormalities in tear secretion seem relevant to the development of diabetic keratoepitheliopathy. The tear lipid layer interference pattern may yield useful information for the elucidation of the mechanism and treatment of diabetic keratoepitheliopathy.
Conversion to Fortran 90 (1994)

The features of the new standard language Fortran 90 are introduced and discussed. In order to focus the discussion, the particular context is the conversiton of an existing published ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software algorithm from Fortran 77 to the new standard. Emphasis is on the new features of the language, including the array facilities, the use of modules, the applicability of user-defined (-derived) data types, the reduction in machine dependence of numeric codes, and the dynamic allocation of storage. The intent is that writers of software as well as those who use Fortran in scientific and engineering work will find this a helpful introduction to the new and powerful features of Fortran 90.
Zahnfleischentzündungen während der Schwangerschaft – erhöhtes Frühgeburtsrisiko? (2013)

Fragestellung: Ziel dieser prospektiven Fallkontrollstudie war es, parodontal gesunde Schwangere mit und ohne Frühgeburtsbestrebungen (FGB) auf mikrobiologische und klinische orale Veränderungen im Verlauf der Schwangerschaft zu untersuchen.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (1968)

Since Moschcowitz first described thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in 1925,<sup>1</sup>almost 300 cases have been reported, and complete reviews were published recently.<sup>2,3</sup>In the majority of cases, the disease was characterized by its rapid onset, fulminating course, and fatal outcome; diagnosis was established only at autopsy. Only 20 patients are reported alive and clinically cured, or in remission.<sup>2-18</sup>Eleven of these have received corticosteroid therapy and undergone splenectomy.<sup>3-12</sup>Although all cases of TTP have not been reported, survival is so uncommon that most cases with remission have probably been reviewed. If this is true, the survival percentage is lowered further. The purpose of this paper is to report three additional living patients treated with large doses of corticosteroids and splenectomy. To date, remission of ten, five, and two years' duration have been achieved. The patients have remained free of symptoms and have not been maintained
Supplementary References from A Single-Step, High-Dose Selection Scheme Reveals Distinct Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to Oncogenic Kinase Inhibition in Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Full reference information for studies cited in Supplementary Table 3.&lt;/p&gt;
Genome-wide screening identifies a KCNIP1 copy number variant as a genetic predictor for atrial fibrillation (2016)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Previous genome-wide association studies had identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in several genomic regions to be associated with AF. In human genome, copy number variations (CNVs) are known to contribute to disease susceptibility. Using a genome-wide multistage approach to identify AF susceptibility CNVs, we here show a common 4,470-bp diallelic CNV in the first intron of potassium interacting channel 1 gene (KCNIP1) is strongly associated with AF in Taiwanese populations (odds ratio=2.27 for insertion allele; P=6.23 × 10(-24)). KCNIP1 insertion is associated with higher KCNIP1 mRNA expression. KCNIP1-encoded protein potassium interacting channel 1 (KCHIP1) is physically associated with potassium Kv channels and modulates atrial transient outward current in cardiac myocytes. Overexpression of KCNIP1 results in inducible AF in zebrafish. In conclusions, a common CNV in KCNIP1 gene is a genetic predictor of AF risk possibly pointing to a functional pathway.
Implementation of a 900 V Switching Circuit for High Breakdown Voltage β-Ga2O3 Schottky Diodes (2019)

This paper presents a switching circuit for high breakdown-voltage Ga2O3 vertical Schottky rectifiers. Field-plated edge-terminated (FPET) vertical Schottky diodes were fabricated on a 20-μm thick Si-doped n-type Ga2O3 drift layer which was grown on the 650-μm thick β-Ga2O3 substrate via halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). The measured reverse recovery time of the proposed Ga2O3 Schottky diode was 81 ns when switched to a reverse bias voltage of −900 V. The implementation of a switching circuit with the novel Ga2O3 diode is the first demonstrated at such a high switching voltage. This paper also provides insights for the practical implementation of the Ga2O3 vertical Schottky rectifiers from device fabrication to circuit design.
Strand displacement synthesis by yeast DNA polymerase ε (2016)

DNA polymerase ε (Pol ε) is a replicative DNA polymerase with an associated 3'-5' exonuclease activity. Here, we explored the capacity of Pol ε to perform strand displacement synthesis, a process that influences many DNA transactions in vivo We found that Pol ε is unable to carry out extended strand displacement synthesis unless its 3'-5' exonuclease activity is removed. However, the wild-type Pol ε holoenzyme efficiently displaced one nucleotide when encountering double-stranded DNA after filling a gap or nicked DNA. A flap, mimicking a D-loop or a hairpin structure, on the 5' end of the blocking primer inhibited Pol ε from synthesizing DNA up to the fork junction. This inhibition was observed for Pol ε but not with Pol δ, RB69 gp43 or Pol η. Neither was Pol ε able to extend a D-loop in reconstitution experiments. Finally, we show that the observed strand displacement synthesis by exonuclease-deficient Pol ε is distributive. Our results suggest that Pol ε is unable to extend the invading strand in D-loops during homologous recombination or to add more than two nucleotides during long-patch base excision repair. Our results support the hypothesis that Pol ε participates in short-patch base excision repair and ribonucleotide excision repair.
Review on “Economie en wetenschapsfilosofie” by F.J. Vandamme R. Commers (1977)

Why the "FACH simple" views the unity of science as inexorable oblivion.Reply by
AAVs Anatomy: Roadmap for Optimizing Vectors for Translational Success (2020)

Adeno-Associated Virus based vectors (rAAV) are advantageous for human gene therapy due to low inflammatory responses, lack of toxicity, natural persistence, and ability to transencapsidate the genome allowing large variations in vector biology and tropism. Over sixty clinical trials have been conducted using rAAV serotype 2 for gene delivery with a number demonstrating success in immunoprivileged sites, including the retina and the CNS. Furthermore, an increasing number of trials have been initiated utilizing other serotypes of AAV to exploit vector tropism, trafficking, and expression efficiency. While these trials have demonstrated success in safety with emerging success in clinical outcomes, one benefit has been identification of issues associated with vector administration in humans (e.g. the role of pre-existing antibody responses, loss of transgene expression in non-immunoprivileged sites, and low transgene expression levels). For these reasons, several strategies are being used to optimize rAAV vectors, ranging from addition of exogenous agents for immune evasion to optimization of the transgene cassette for enhanced therapeutic output. By far, the vast majority of approaches have focused on genetic manipulation of the viral capsid. These methods include rational mutagenesis, engineering of targeting peptides, generation of chimeric particles, library and directed evolution approaches, as well as immune evasion modifications. Overall, these modifications have created a new repertoire of AAV vectors with improved targeting, transgene expression, and immune evasion. Continued work in these areas should synergize strategies to improve capsids and transgene cassettes that will eventually lead to optimized vectors ideally suited for translational success.
The Genetics of Male Infertility (2009)

Developments in genomic medicine will likely explain much of what is now considered idiopathic male infertility. Indeed, our understanding of the genetic defects that cause infertility is no longer confined to chromosomal aneuploidies (e.g., Klinefelter syndrome) and single-gene defects (cystic fibrosis and congenital absence of the vas deferens). The past decade has seen that isolated Y-chromosomal loci can influence spermatogenesis (AZF regions) and that the human X chromosome is likely to be an important source of spermatogenesis genes. More recently, the finding that faulty recombination occurs in male infertility has large implications not only for the cause of the infertility but also for the use of affected gametes. Indeed, as our understanding of genetic infertility matures, so too will the importance and complexity of genetic counseling and testing for patients who use assisted reproduction.
Dissolution Chemistry of Gold and Silver in Different Lixiviants (1988)

Cyanide has been recognized for a long time as a powerful lixiviant for gold and silver, forming very stable cyano complexes with both metals. While cyanide is very effective in leaching free milling ores, there are certain classes of gold and silver ores (i.e., carbonaceous, pyritic. arsenical, manganiferous, cuperferous) that are considered refractory to conventional cyanidation dissolution. Recently there has been considerable effort directed towards new and improved reagents for leaching these difficult-to-treat ores and concentrates. A large portion of this effort has been devoted to finding alternative lixiviants that might compete with conventional cyanidation. Furthermore, there is a general interest in developing non-toxic environmentally safe substitutes for cyanide. There are a number of reagents that form stable complexes with gold and silver e.g., thiourea, thiosulfate, halides, malononitrile, acetonitrile and polysulfides. The chemistry of gold and silver dissolution using alternative lixiviants is discussed in this paper. Special emphasis is given to the application of Eh-pH diagrams to interpret the dissolution behavior.
A Practical High Through-Put Continuous Process for the Synthesis of Chiral Cyanohydrins (2002)

A practical high through-put continuous process for the synthesis of chiral cyanohydrins is reported. Pretreated almond meal (or other solid raw enzyme sources) was loaded in a column to form a reactor, to which were attached a supplying system to deliver a solution of substrate and HCN in solvent on one end and a collecting-separating system on the other end. By controlling the flowing rate, optimal conditions were achieved for the hydrocyanation of various aromatic carboxaldehydes in a "micro-aqueous" medium to produce chiral cyanohydrins in high yields and high enantiomeric excess (ee) with high substrate/catalyst ratio.