gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discrimination of Pheromone Enantiomers by Two Pheromone Binding Proteins from the Gypsy Moth Lymantria dispar (2000)

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, uses (7R, 8S)-cis-2-methyl-7, 8-epoxyoctadecane, (+)-disparlure, as a sex pheromone. The (-) enantiomer of the pheromone is a strong behavioral antagonist. Specialized sensory hairs, sensillae, on the antennae of male moths detect the pheromone. Once the pheromone enters a sensillum, the very abundant pheromone binding protein (PBP) transports the odorant to the sensory neuron. We have expressed the two PBPs found in gypsy moth antennae, PBP1 and PBP2, and we have studied the affinity of these recombinant PBPs for the enantiomers of disparlure. To study pheromone binding under equilibrium conditions, we developed and validated a binding assay. We have addressed the two major problems with hydrophobic ligands in aqueous solution: (1) concentration-dependent adsorption of the ligand on vial surfaces and (2) separation of the protein-bound ligand from the material remaining free in solution. We used this assay to demonstrate for the first time that pheromone binding to PBP is reversible and that the two PBPs from L. dispar differ in their enantiomer binding preference. PBP1 has a higher affinity for the (-) enantiomer, while PBP2 has a higher affinity for the (+) enantiomer. The PBP from the wild silk moth, Antheraea polyphemus (Apol-3) bound the disparlure enantiomers more weakly than either of the L. dispar PBPs, but Apol-3 was also able to discriminate the enantiomers. We have observed extensive aggregation of both L. dispar PBPs and an increase in pheromone binding at high (>2 microM) PBP concentrations. We present a model of disparlure binding to the two PBPs.
Dielectric phenomena in solids : with emphasis on physical concepts of electronic processes (2004)

Introduction. Electric Polarization and Relaxation. Optical and Electro-Optic Processes. Ferroelectrics, Piezoelectrics and Pyroelectrics. Electrets. Charge Carrier Injection from Electrical Contacts. Electrical Conduction and Photoconduction. Electrical Aging, Discharge and Breakdown Phenomena.
Emerging alphaviruses are sensitive to cellular states induced by a novel small-molecule agonist of the STING pathway (2020)

The type I interferon (IFN) system represents an essential innate immune response that renders cells resistant to virus growth via the molecular actions of IFNinduced effector proteins. IFN-mediated cellular states inhibit growth of numerous and diverse virus types, including those of known pathogenicity as well as potentially emerging agents. As such, targeted pharmacologic activation of the IFN response may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent infection or spread of clinically impactful viruses. In light of this, we employed a high-throughput screen to identify small molecules capable of permeating the cell and of activating IFN-dependent signaling processes. Here we report the identification and characterization of N-(methylcarbamoyl)-2-([5-(4- methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl)-2-phenylacetamide (referred to as C11), a novel compound capable of inducing IFN secretion from human cells. Using reverse geneticsbased loss-of-function assays, we show that C11 activates the type I IFN response in a manner that requires the adaptor protein STING but not the alternative adaptors MAVS and TRIF. Importantly, treatment of cells with C11 generated a cellular state that potently blocked replication of multiple emerging alphavirus types, including chikungunya, Ross River, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Mayaro, and O'nyong-nyong viruses. The antiviral effects of C11 were subsequently abrogated in cells lacking STING or the type I IFN receptor, indicating that they are mediated, at least predominantly, by way of STING-mediated IFN secretion and subsequent autocrine/paracrine signaling. This work also allowed characterization of differential antiviral roles of innate immune signaling adaptors and IFN-mediated responses and identified MAVS as being crucial to cellular resistance to alphavirus infection.
High-Rydberg fragment formation via core dissociation of superexcited Rydberg molecules (1998)

Formation of high-Rydberg iodine atoms via core dissociation of ArF-excimer-laser excited methyl iodide high-Rydberg molecules is observed using a time-resolved, mass-analyzed, pulsed field ionization technique. This observation confirms that the Rydberg electron is essentially a spectator in the core dissociation process.
Physical random number generator based on MOS structure after soft breakdown (2004)

We present a novel physical random number generator (RNG) that uses a metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitor after soft breakdown (SBD) as a random source. It is known that the electrical properties of MOS capacitors after SBD show large fluctuation. When the resistor in an astable multivibrator is replaced with an MOS capacitor after SBD, the multivibrator converts the noise signal into a rectangular wave whose period fluctuates randomly. A 1-bit counter and a flip-flop are used to generate random numbers from the fluctuating rectangular wave. Some high-level tests indicate that the generated random numbers have excellent quality for cryptographic applications. Even though our circuit is small and can be constructed using about 20 complementary-MOS logic gates and several passive devices, high-quality random numbers such as those generated by large physical RNGs can be obtained.
Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Cyclic Amines with Bode’s Chiral Hydroxamic Esters Using the Competing Enantioselective Conversion Method (2017)

The competing enantioselective conversion (CEC) strategy has been extended to cyclic amines. The basis for the CEC approach is the use of two complementary, enantioselective reactions to determine the configuration of the enantiopure substrate. Bode's chiral acylated hydroxamic acids are very effective enantioselective acylating agents for a variety of amines. Pseudoenantiomers of these acyl-transfer reagents were prepared and demonstrated to react with enantiopure cyclic amines with modest to high selectivity. The products were analyzed by ESI-MS to determine selectivity, and the results were used to assign the configuration of the amine substrate. The method was applicable to a variety of cyclic amines as well as primary amines and acyclic secondary amines. The method is limited to amines that are unhindered enough to react with the reagents, and not all amine substitution patters lead to high selectivity.
Computerized classification of intraductal breast lesions using histopathological images (2011)

In the diagnosis of preinvasive breast cancer, some of the intraductal proliferations pose a special challenge. The continuum of intraductal breast lesions includes the usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The current standard of care is to perform percutaneous needle biopsies for diagnosis of palpable and image-detected breast abnormalities. UDH is considered benign and patients diagnosed UDH undergo routine follow-up, whereas ADH and DCIS are considered actionable and patients diagnosed with these two subtypes get additional surgical procedures. About 250,000 new cases of intraductal breast lesions are diagnosed every year. A conservative estimate would suggest that at least 50% of these patients are needlessly undergoing unnecessary surgeries. Thus, improvement in the diagnostic reproducibility and accuracy is critically important for effective clinical management of these patients. In this study, a prototype system for automatically classifying breast microscopic tissues to distinguish between UDH and actionable subtypes (ADH and DCIS) is introduced. This system automatically evaluates digitized slides of tissues for certain cytological criteria and classifies the tissues based on the quantitative features derived from the images. The system is trained using a total of 327 regions of interest (ROIs) collected across 62 patient cases and tested with a sequestered set of 149 ROIs collected across 33 patient cases. An overall accuracy of 87.9% is achieved on the entire test data. The test accuracy of 84.6% is obtained with borderline cases (26 of the 33 test cases) only, when compared against the diagnostic accuracies of nine pathologists on the same set (81.2% average), indicates that the system is highly competitive with the expert pathologists as a stand-alone diagnostic tool and has a great potential in improving diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility when used as a "second reader" in conjunction with the pathologists.
Minimally Invasive Knee Arthroplasty (2004)

Interest in minimal-incision surgery among physicians and patients has led to the investigation of whether minimal-incision concepts have a role in knee arthroplasty. Successful outcomes in knee arthroplasty have been traditionally measured by long-term implant performance and low revision rates, with less emphasis on the size of the incision or the length of time to complete recovery. There are two evolving lines of development in minimal-incision knee arthroplasty: the small-incision approach and the new technology approach. The small incision approach seeks to minimize the length of the incision required to implant standard total knee components by altering the approach and instrumentation. The new technology approach seeks to develop lower profile implants and computer-assisted techniques to fundamentally change the way knee arthroplasty is done. The burden of proof as to whether these new approaches will stand the test of time remains with the investigators.
Modelling financial flow of the supply chain (2014)

Many works have been done on the product flow of the supply chain whereas there is a little research works on the financial aspect of the supply chain. Moreover, bullwhip effect like lead time is usually considered on the product flow of the supply chain and no literatures review this effect on the cash flows. In this paper, the flow of cash in a supply chain is considered from the manufacturer point of view who receives money from its customers and makes payment to the suppliers. A stochastic model to maximise firm's profit and to And the best strategy of paying payment is developed. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of late payment on the Arm's profit within the supply chain. Finally, the effect of logistic bullwhip on the cash flow and firm's profit is investigated.
The Future in Chromatography (1987)

Journal Article The Future in Chromatography Get access C.H. Lochmüller C.H. Lochmüller Paul M. Gross Chemical Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 25, Issue 12, December 1987, Pages 583–586, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/25.12.583 Published: 01 December 1987 Article history Received: 30 September 1987 Revision received: 30 October 1987 Published: 01 December 1987
Graded-channel MOSFET (GCMOSFET) for high performance, low voltage DSP applications (1997)

Graded-Channel MOS (GCMOS) VLSI technology has been developed to meet the growing demand for low power and high performance applications. In this paper, it will be shown that, compared to conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), the GCMOS device offers the advantage of significantly higher drive current, capable of lower threshold voltage with improved punchthrough resistance, lower body effect and lower series resistance, thus making it most suitable for applications that require both high performance and low power consumption, such as digital signal processing (DSP). This is demonstrated, for the first time, by much improved low voltage circuit performance of a DSP logic circuit fabricated using a 0.5 /spl mu/m GCMOS process. At 1.8 V, a 30% speed improvement over CMOS is achieved, and the power-delay product is reduced by 25%. In addition, similar speed improvement is achieved in SRAM's with consistent performance improvement over a wide range of temperatures between -50 and 150/spl deg/C.
Clustering of categorical variables around latent variables (2010)

In the framework of clustering, the usual aim is to cluster observations and not variables. However the issue of variable clustering clearly appears for dimension reduction, selection of variables or in some case studies (sensory analysis, biochemistry, marketing, etc.). Clustering of variables is then studied as a way to arrange variables into homogeneous clusters, thereby organizing data into meaningful structures. Once the variables are clustered into groups such that variables are similar to the other variables belonging to their cluster, the selection of a subset of variables is possible. Several specific methods have been developed for the clustering of numerical variables. However concerning categorical variables, much less methods have been proposed. In this paper we extend the criterion used by Vigneau and Qannari (2003) in their Clustering around Latent Variables approach for numerical variables to the case of categorical data. The homogeneity criterion of a cluster of categorical variables is defined as the sum of the correlation ratio between the categorical variables and a latent variable, which is in this case a numerical variable. We show that the latent variable maximizing the homogeneity of a cluster can be obtained with Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Different algorithms for the clustering of categorical variables are proposed: iterative relocation algorithm, ascendant and divisive hierarchical clustering. The proposed methodology is illustrated by a real data application to satisfaction of pleasure craft operators.
Yaequinolones J1 (I) and J2 (II), Novel Insecticidal Antibiotics from Penicillium sp. FKI‐2140. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Multifunction LIDAR Sensors for Non-Contact Speed Measurement in Rail Vehicles: Part 2 — Data Collection and Analysis (2013)

The application of Doppler based, LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR or lidar) technology for measuring true ground speed in a non-contacting manner is investigated, as a replacement to wheel tachometers that are commonly used for such measurements. Measuring track speed and distance traveled is an essential part of rail geometry measurement systems. Wheel tachometer measurement accuracy can often be adversely affected by wheel vibrations, change in wheel diameter, and wheel slip in high traction conditions. LIDAR is a non-contact measurement device that uses the Doppler technology to accurately determine speed. Two LIDAR sensors are attached to the underside of a track geometry car with the sensors’ Class I laser beams facing the gauge corner of each rail. The LIDAR sensors measure the absolute ground speed for each rail, allowing for the determination of forward speed and track curvature. The results of the tests show high accuracy in LIDAR speed, distance, and track curvature measurements when compared with other conventional means that are used in the railroad industry and ground truth measurements. With further development, LIDAR sensors can replace wheel tachometers that are commonly used for speed and distance measurement, therefore eliminating the problems with mechanical reliability and the need for periodic calibration of wheel tachometers.
Note: A simple experimental arrangement to generate optical vortex beams (2013)

In this Note, we present a simple experimental arrangement to generate optical vortex beams. We have demonstrated how by taking print of an interferogram on a transparent sheet, vortex beams with various topological charges can be generated. Experimental results show that the vortex beam indeed carries the topological charge that is used to compute the interferograms. In addition to being simple and inexpensive, one major advantage of the arrangement is that it makes it possible to generate different vortex beams quickly, unlike using the photographic process to create the holograms.
π-Extended and Six-Coordinate Iron(II) Complexes: Structures, Magnetic Properties, and the Electrochemical Synthesis of a Conducting Iron(II) Metallopolymer (2011)

Herein, we describe the preparation of three new bidentate π-extended derivatives of the ligand N-phenyl-2-pyridinalimine (ppi) containing a 3-thienyl (4) substituent at position 4 of the aniline ring or 2-thienyl (6) or phenyl (2) substituents at each of the 2,5 positions of the aniline rings. Three iron(2+) complexes (7–9) containing these ligands were prepared by combining two equivalents each of 2, 4, or 6 with Fe(NCS)2, and the resulting neutral, six-coordinate complexes were fully characterized, including with single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments in the case of complexes 7 and 9. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility and Mössbauer experiments confirm the presence of spin-crossover in complexes 7 and 8, and the unusual solid state variable temperature magnetic properties of complex 9 likely result from crystal packing forces. Electropolymerization of the 2,5-dithienyl-substituted complex (9) produces a conducting and electrochromic metallopolymer film (poly-9).
The Nonequilibrium Character of the Aerosol Charge Distributions Produced by Neutralizes (1990)

The mechanisms that control the polar ion concentrations downstream of an ionized region are examined and it is shown that the ratio of positive to negative ion concentrations is not constant.The imbalance in the ionic concentrations caused by unequal diffusion of ions to the walls and to aerosol particles is magnified in the ion ratio as ionic recombination rapidly depletes ions of both polarities equally.Consequently, the aerosol charge distribution is not in equilibrium but is evolving in re-sponse to the changing ion environment.The conclusions drawn are supported by numerical modeling and by measurements of ionic concentrations and ratios of negatively to positively charged particles downstream of the ionized region.Several existing neutralizers are evaluated and a prototype ionizer which produces an aerosol with a nearly symmetric equilibrium charge distribution is discussed.This paper is a study of the physical mechanisms that control the aerosol charge distribution established by radioactive neutralizers and involves both measurements and modeling of the resulting aerosol charge dis-
Strengthening of structures with advanced FRPs (1998)

Abstract This review highlights the basic concepts involved in using a relatively new class of civil engineering materials, namely fibre‐reinforced polymers (FRP), as strengthening materials of reinforced concrete (RC), masonry and other structures. After a brief introduction to FRP, analysis, design and practical execution concepts are described first for the flexural, shear and axial capacity strengthening of RC elements using epoxy‐bonded FRP sheets. Similar concepts are also presented for masonry, which may be strengthened using either bonded or unbonded FRP. A brief reference is also made to other structures (timber, steel) and field applications. Finally, conclusions are drawn, focusing on the applicability of FRP in structural rehabilitation.
Synthesis of Amino-Acid-, Carbohydrate-, Coumarin-, and Biotin-Labelled Oligo[(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic Acids] (OHB) (1998)

The benzyl esters 1 – 3 of oligo[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoic acids] (OHB) containing 2, 16, or 32 HB units were coupled at the hydroxy terminus with arginine (by esterification with carbodiimide), with glucose (by acetalization with glucosyl trichloroacetimidate), and with 7-(dimethylamino)coumarin-4-acetic acid and biotin (by amide formation through a glycine linker) to give, after deprotection(s), the corresponding `labelled' OHB acids 7 – 9, 12, 13, 25, 26, 33, and 34 (Schemes 1, 4, and 5). The respective novel 16- and 32mer derivatives exhibit distinct water solubility (Table) or may be detected (in minute amounts) by fluorescence spectroscopy, properties required for biochemical investigations.
Formation of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Ptx‐Loaded Zeolite NaY (2015)

Abstract The formation of a frustrated Lewis pair consisting of sodium hydride (Na + H − ) and a framework‐bound hydroxy proton O(H + ) is reported upon H 2 treatment of zeolite NaY loaded with Pt nanoparticles (Pt x /NaY). Frustrated Lewis pair formation was confirmed using in situ neutron diffraction and spectroscopic measurements. The activity of the intrazeolite NaH as a size‐selective catalyst was verified by the efficient esterification of acetaldehyde (a small aldehyde) to form the corresponding ester ethyl acetate, whereas esterification of the larger molecule benzaldehyde was unsuccessful. The frustrated Lewis pair (consisting of Na + H − and O(H + )) generated within zeolite NaY may be a useful catalyst for various catalytic reactions which require both H − and H + ions, such as catalytic hydrogenation or dehydrogenation of organic compounds and activation of small molecules.
Direct atomic scale characterization of interfaces and doping layers in field-effect transistors (2001)

Atomic-resolution Z-contrast imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy combined with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy are used to investigate the structure-property relationships in an ideal metal–oxide–semiconductor device structure. Arsenic segregation with a very narrow profile occurring precisely at the silicide/Si interface was identified. Images show that the As is substitutional on the Si lattice sites, implying that it remains electrically active. These structural results imply desirable electronic properties for the device and are consistent with electrical measurements showing a decrease in contact resistance for these samples.
ChemInform Abstract: DIMERISIERUNG EINES STEROID‐HEMIACETALS UNTER NACHFOLGENDER HYDRID‐UEBERTRAGUNG (1975)

Abstract Bei der Behandlung mit alkalischem Methanol erhält man aus dem Oxido‐pregnan (I) über diskutierte Zwischenstufen wie (II) das Umlagerungsprodukt (III), das mit p‐Toluolsulfonsäure zu einem Dimeren (IV) reagiert.
Putting informed and shared decision making into practice (2006)

A major barrier to the practice of ISDM by motivated physicians appears to be the need to change well-established patterns of communication with patients.
Der Einsatz eines verteilten Zertifikat-Managementsystems in der Schweizerischen Bundesverwaltung (1999)

Um den zunehmend grossen Bedarf an CA-Dienstleistungen in der Schweizerischen Bundesverwaltung abdecken zu können, hat die Sektion Informatiksicherheit des Bundesamtes für Informatik (BFI/SI) eine Architektur erarbeitet, die von einer möglichst weitgehenden Delegation und Dezentralisation von Authentifikations-und Autorisierungs-aufgaben auf dafür zuständige Mitarbeiter(innen) ausgeht. Die resultierende Architektur eines verteilten Zertifikat-Managementsystems (Distributed Certificate Management System, DCMS) ist zwischenzeitlich auch umgesetzt und in Form einer Sammlung von CGI-und Perl-Skripts als Perl Certification Authority Network (PECAN) pilotiert worden. In diesem Beitrag werden die Architektur des DCMS, die Pilotimplementierung PECAN, sowie die Betriebsabläufe und Vorgehensweisen für den Einsatz von PECAN in der Schweizerischen Bundesverwaltung vorgestellt und diskutiert. Im Hinblick auf einen Fremdbezug von CA-Dienstleistungen wird zudem ein mögliches Zertifizierungsschema für Zertifizierungsdienst-leistungserbringer vorgeschlagen und zur Diskussion gestellt.