gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combining Deep Learning and Knowledge-driven Reasoning for Chest X-Ray Findings Detection. (2020)

The application of deep learning algorithms in medical imaging analysis is a steadily growing research area. While deep learning methods are thriving in the medical domain, they seldom utilize the rich knowledge associated with connected radiology reports. The knowledge derived from these reports can be utilized to enhance the performance of deep learning models. In this work, we used a comprehensive chest X-ray findings vocabulary to automatically annotate an extensive collection of chest X-rays using associated radiology reports and a vocabulary-driven concept annotation algorithm. The annotated X-rays are used to train a deep neural network classifier for finding detection. Finally, we developed a knowledge-driven reasoning algorithm that leverages knowledge learned from X-ray reports to improve upon the deep learning module's performance on finding detection. Our results suggest that combining deep learning and knowledge from radiology reports in a hybrid framework can significantly enhance overall performance in the CXR finding detection.
Stabilization of passive harmonic mode-locking by amplitude modulation (2002)

We demonstrate a fiber laser that is passively mode locked by a semiconductor saturable absorber and stabilized by the amplitude modulation. The synchronization of a dropout-free harmonic mode locking to an external clock was obtained with the pulse characteristics solely determined by the saturable absorber action, and not by the applied amplitude modulation. The results show that significant suppression of undesired harmonics can be obtained with small perturbations provided by the amplitude modulation.
How Does N- and O-Glycosylation Affect the Formation and Accumulation of Amyloid β-Peptide? (2011)

アミロイドβ（Aβ）の脳内蓄積は、アルツハイマー病と深い関わりがある。Aβ は、β アミロイド前駆体タンパク質APP からβ およびγセクレターゼと呼ばれるプロテアーゼによって切断されて生じる。APP やAPP の切断酵素（セクレターゼ）は膜結合型の糖タンパク質である。最近の研究では、特異的な糖鎖構造が欠如すると機能性糖タンパク質の安定性が低下する例や、構造変化、局在変化などを引き起こして機能不全にいたる例が複数報告されている。実際、特定の糖鎖構造変化はAPP やセクレターゼの機能に影響を与え、Aβ 形成量が変化するようである。この総説では、まずAPP の発現、代謝経路、翻訳後修飾について触れた後に、糖鎖変化がAβ 産生、蓄積、クリアランスに与える影響について解析した、我々の研究も含めた最近の報告を紹介したい。
Crafting the illusion of meaning: template-based specification of embodied conversational behavior (2004)

Templates are a widespread natural language technology that achieves believability within a narrow range of interaction and coverage. We consider templates for embodied conversational behavior. Such templates combine a specific pattern of marked-up text, specifying prosody and conversational signals as well as words, with similarly annotated gaps that can be filled in by rule to yield a coherent contribution to a dialogue with a user. In this paper we argue that templates can give a designer substantial freedom to realize specific combinations of behaviors in interactions with users and thereby to explore the relationships among such factors as emotion, personality, individuality and social role.
Review of carbon nanotubes toxicity and exposure—Appraisal of human health risk assessment based on open literature (2010)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess many unique electronic and mechanical properties and are thus interesting for numerous novel industrial and biomedical applications. As the level of production and use of these materials increases, so too does the potential risk to human health. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and challenges associated with conducting a human health risk assessment for carbon nanotubes based on the open literature, utilising an approach similar to that of a classical regulatory risk assessment. Results indicate that the main risks for humans arise from chronic occupational inhalation, especially during activities involving high CNT release and uncontrolled exposure. It is not yet possible to draw definitive conclusions with regards the potential risk for long, straight multi-walled carbon nanotubes to pose a similar risk as asbestos by inducing mesothelioma. The genotoxic potential of CNTs is currently inconclusive and could be either primary or secondary. Possible systemic effects of CNTs would be either dependent on absorption and distribution of CNTs to sensitive organs or could be induced through the release of inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, gaps in the data set in relation to both exposure and hazard do not allow any definite conclusions suitable for regulatory decision-making. In order to enable a full human health risk assessment, future work should focus on the generation of reliable occupational, environmental and consumer exposure data. Data on toxicokinetics and studies investigating effects of chronic exposure under conditions relevant for human exposure should also be prioritised.
Phantom German Air Raids on Canada: War Hysteria in Quebec and Ontario during the First World War (1998)

In late August of 1914, Canada entered the First World War following the unanimous vote of a special session of Parliament. This event occurred amid great exuberance and unanimity, and was marked by parades, decorations, cheering crowds and patriotic speeches. Canada was situated far from the European front lines, and its distant, vast land mass and cold climate also contributed to a feeling of insulation from attack or invasion. However, despite a general feeling of distance from the war's unfolding events, there was a rapidly growing realization that German sympathizers and enemy agents might pose a more immediate threat.
60 A joint effort against COVID-19: leading a remote regional training programme and collaborating with the british society for rheumatology (BSR) on a national level (2020)

<h3></h3> COVID-19 has had a significant impact on specialty training. All training days were cancelled and the majority of trainees were redeployed to general medicine. By early May 2020, there was a shift in the focus back towards specialty training as COVID-19 related hospital admissions continued to decrease. With the help of the team from King’s College London, a remote rheumatology training programme was developed and accessible to trainees from four different regions – South London, North West London, North East/North Central London and Kent/Surrey/Sussex. The collaboration between different regions gave access to a greater pool of speakers and reduced the administrative workload. Subsequent collaboration with the British Society for Rheumatology facilitated the delivery of the webinars on a national level, supporting other regions that had not yet set up any remote training. Feedback was particularly important for this innovative programme in order to understand how this experience could be optimised for trainees. There were no additional difficulties related to the training taking place online, with one trainee responding that it was ‘very easy to log on’. There was also positive feedback regarding the recording – ‘[it] was great to have a link to the recording to watch it later’. By having a shared vision for change, we were able to work across regions and organisations, delivering a high quality training programme on a national scale, benefitting a greater number of trainees. Remote training has the additional benefit of removing the need to travel between hospitals. Therefore, there may be a push towards blended learning (a combination of online and face-to-face learning) in the future. Using a robust feedback mechanism, we are confident that the programme will continue to improve as it evolves alongside the pandemic, aiming to at least in part, satisfy the speciality rheumatology training needs within our regions.
Supplementary Figure 1 from PARP1 Trapping by PARP Inhibitors Drives Cytotoxicity in Both Cancer Cells and Healthy Bone Marrow (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Association of PARP1 and H2A.X detected by Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA).&lt;/p&gt;
Advances in Solution- and Solid-Phase Synthesis toward the Generation of Natural Product-like Libraries (2009)

NRC publication: Yes
Offset-sparsity decomposition for automated enhancement of color microscopic image of stained specimen in histopathology (2015)

We propose an offset-sparsity decomposition method for the enhancement of a color microscopic image of a stained specimen. The method decomposes vectorized spectral images into offset terms and sparse terms. A sparse term represents an enhanced image, and an offset term represents a "shadow." The related optimization problem is solved by computational improvement of the accelerated proximal gradient method used initially to solve the related rank-sparsity decomposition problem. Removal of an image-adapted color offset yields an enhanced image with improved colorimetric differences among the histological structures. This is verified by a no-reference colorfulness measure estimated from 35 specimens of the human liver, 1 specimen of the mouse liver stained with hematoxylin and eosin, 6 specimens of the mouse liver stained with Sudan III, and 3 specimens of the human liver stained with the anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody. The colorimetric difference improves on average by 43.86% with a 99% confidence interval (CI) of [35.35%, 51.62%]. Furthermore, according to the mean opinion score, estimated on the basis of the evaluations of five pathologists, images enhanced by the proposed method exhibit an average quality improvement of 16.60% with a 99% CI of [10.46%, 22.73%].
Segmentation of the Myocardium on Late-Gadolinium Enhanced MRI based on 2.5 D Residual Squeeze and Excitation Deep Learning Model (2020)

Cardiac left ventricular (LV) segmentation from short-axis MRI acquired 10 minutes after the injection of a contrast agent (LGE-MRI) is a necessary step in the processing allowing the identification and diagnosis of cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction. However, this segmentation is challenging due to high variability across subjects and the potential lack of contrast between structures. Then, the main objective of this work is to develop an accurate automatic segmentation method based on deep learning models for the myocardial borders on LGE-MRI. To this end, 2.5 D residual neural network integrated with a squeeze and excitation blocks in encoder side with specialized convolutional has been proposed. Late fusion has been used to merge the output of the best trained proposed models from a different set of hyperparameters. A total number of 320 exams (with a mean number of 6 slices per exam) were used for training and 28 exams used for testing. The performance analysis of the proposed ensemble model in the basal and middle slices was similar as compared to intra-observer study and slightly lower at apical slices. The overall Dice score was 82.01% by our proposed method as compared to Dice score of 83.22% obtained from the intra observer study. The proposed model could be used for the automatic segmentation of myocardial border that is a very important step for accurate quantification of no-reflow, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, among others.
Correction with Growth Following Diaphyseal Forearm Fracture (1976)

In 25 children with fracture of the shafts of the forearm an average angulation deformity of 20 degrees was recorded when the fracture had healed. At follow-up, which took place after the cessation of growth, and angulation deformity was reduced by half; there was, however, a large individual variation. Both severe and less severe deformities were found to be corrected. Correction was more likely in younger children than in older children, though again there were exceptions to this rule. The most common dysfunction recorded was a decreased pronation-supination. This was not very closely correlated with angular deformity.
Data Multiverse: The Uncertainty Challenge of Future Big Data Analytics (2017)

With the explosion of data sizes, extracting valuable insight out of big data becomes increasingly difficult. New challenges begin to emerge that complement traditional, long-standing challenges related to building scalable infrastructure and runtime systems that can deliver the desired level of performance and resource efficiency. This vision paper focuses on one such challenge, which we refer to as the analytics uncertainty: with so much data available from so many sources, it is difficult to anticipate what the data can be useful for, if at all. As a consequence, it is difficult to anticipate what data processing algorithms and methods are the most appropriate to extract value and insight. In this context, we contribute with a study on current big data analytics state-of-art, the use cases where the analytics uncertainty is emerging as a problem and future research directions to address them.
Evaluation of Dielectric Properties of Ferroelectric Fine Particles Fabricated by Focused Ion Beam Technique (2007)

In this study, we propose a method for evaluating the dielectric property of a single fine particle using the focused ion beam technieque. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) particles (Sakai Chemical Industry LQ) were sintered at 1473 K for 2 h to fabricate bulk PZT. The bulk PZT was milled to fabricate sample particles. The particles were dispersed on a Au surface substrate, and were shaped into a parallel-plate capacitor using the focused ion beam (FIB) technique. The FIB technique was used to deposite tungsten, W, with a square shape on top of the particle sample as an upper electrode, and the particles were shaved into a rectangular shape; the area of the electrode was 2×10-12 m2 and the thickness of the PZT segment was 2×10-6 m. The capacitance of the fabricated PZT particle sample was successfully measured by compensating the parasitic capacitance of the experimental setup. Consequently, the relative permittivity of the PZT particle sample was 1250 at 105 Hz. This value was comparably close to the 1750 of the bulk PZT. The issue of electric contact between the particles and the substrate should be overcome in order to discuss permittivity quantitatively.
An Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study of an Unusual Case of Multiple Non-X Histiocytoma (1988)

An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of an atypical case of multiple non-X histiocytoma was done. There was involvement of the skin, lungs, and liver in a 3-month-old male infant. Microscopic examination of the cutaneous tumors revealed a dense infiltration of cells with polymorphous large nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm in the entire dermis. Both immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies suggested that the tumors were non-X histiocytomas. The patient's condition deteriorated with dyspnea due to rapid enlargement of tumor masses in the liver and lungs. However, at 5 months of age, the cutaneous nodules and pulmonary and hepatic lesions showed a tendency to involute. Furthermore, at 12 months of age, they were no longer detectable. The patient at 24 months of age was well with normal development. To date, no recurrence of the disease has been observed.
Inverse identification of graphite damage properties under complex stress states (2019)

As a key material in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGR), nuclear graphite is a type of quasi-brittle material with complex damage mechanisms. However, it is difficult to characterise the damage properties of nuclear graphite under complex stress states using conventional testing approaches or inverse methods. In this study, a hybrid identification method based on 8-node quadrilateral element digital image correlation (Q8-DIC), a double iterative finite element model updating (FEMU) technique, and artificial neural networks (ANNs) is presented to characterise the damage properties of IG11 graphite material under complex stress states. First, this method is verified using simulated tests on a ring under diametrical compression, then applied to actual mechanical testing of graphite material to evaluate its damage properties. Finally, factors affecting the evolution of damage are discussed. The results indicate that the first principal strain has the most significant effect on the damage evolution of the graphite material. Keywords: Nuclear graphite, Damage, Complex stress states, Inverse identification, Artificial neural networks
A Flux Focusing Axial Magnetic Gear (2013)

This paper investigates a novel axial magnetic gear using ferrite magnets. In order to increase the air-gap flux density the ferrite magnets are arranged in flux focusing configuration. The simulation results presented in this paper indicate that a relatively high torque density can be achieved when using only ferrite magnets.
Chemical Vapor Deposition for Ultra-lightweight Thin-film Solar Arrays for Space (2002)

The development of thin-film solar cells on flexible, lightweight, space-qualified substrates provides an attractive cost solution to fabricating solar arrays with high specific power, (W/kg). The use of a polycrystalline chalcopyrite absorber layer for thin film solar cells is considered as the next generation photovoltaic devices. A key technical issues outlined in the 2001 U.S. Photovoltaic Roadmap, is the need to develop low cost, high throughput manufacturing for high-efficiency thin film solar cells. At NASA GRC we have focused on the development of new single-source-precursors (SSPs) and their utility to deposit the chalcopyrite semi-conducting layer (CIS) onto flexible substrates for solar cell fabrication. The syntheses and thermal modulation of SSPs via molecular engineering is described. Thin-film fabrication studies demonstrate the SSPs can be used in a spray CVD process, for depositing CIS at reduced temperatures, which display good electrical properties, suitable for PV devices.
Crowd behavior analysis under cameras network fusion using probabilistic methods (2010)

The use of cameras in surveillance is increasing in the last years due to the low cost of the sensor and the requirement by surveillance in public places. However, the manual analysis of this data is impracticable. Thus, automatic and robust methods to processing this high quantity of data are required. This paper proposes a framework to address this problem. The crowd analysis is achieved in camera networks information by using the optical flow. The Hidden Markov models and Bayesian Networks are compared to understand the agents behavior in the scene. The experimental results are obtained for several sequences where fight and robbery occurs. Results are promise in order to get an automatic system to find abnormal events.
Practical flow cytometry, by Howard M. Shapiro. Alan R. Liss, New York, 1985, 295 pages, $49.50 (1986)

This book is extremely worthwhile to everyone involved with flow cytometry, and a copy should be kept readily available.The chapter on parameters and probes alone is worth the purchase price; also, the list of sources and suppliers is extremely useful.The discussions of the probes, commercial instrumentation, and optics are well done, although not without controversy.Although the literature citations are extensive and excellent, the patent literature has been neglected.However, the lack of any theoretical material and the poor quality both of the freehand drawings and print cause this book to be poorly suited as a textbook.The Foreword by Louis Kamentsky, which suggests that one should perhaps think small and build a simple apparatus rather than a multilaser sorter, is well taken and elegantly said.
Computed tomography from ordinary radiographs for teleradiology (1983)

Computed tomography (CT) can be achieved inexpensively using ordinary x-ray equipment available at most primary health care centers. We present here the techniques and initial results of experiments with an overhead x-ray unit and film as means for collecting projection data for CT. Our algorithms include standard ART (algebraic reconstruction technique) and modifications we have derived to prevent streaking artifacts due to the use of a small number of views, and to correct geometric distortion due to limited angular coverage. Our methods enable remote computed tomography via teleradiology.
Graphical representation of medical information in the Visual Chart (1994)

The utility of a medical records system is related to the ease of data and information entry and the usefulness and functionality of the data and information representation. We present a brief review of traditional and graphical entry and representation methods. We then present developments in the Visual Chart, a computer-based medical record interface containing time- and problem-oriented views based on iconic representations of medical events. The Visual Chart uses many graphical entry and representation methods and may provide a more intuitive and useful way of interacting with medical data and information.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CHROMOSOMAL DIFFERENTIATION IN CLARKIA DUDLEYANA (1960)

S now , R ichard . (U. California, Davis.) Chromosomal differentiation in Clarkia dudleyana. Amer. Jour. Bot. 47 (4) : 302—309. Illus. 1960.— Clarkia dudleyana (n=9) is a common, colonial annual of the early‐summer California flora. Of 275 individuals, derived from 9 natural populations and their garden‐grown representatives, 17.1% were heterozygous for reciprocal translocations. Supernumerary chromosomes were also found in about 2% of the plants examined. The translocation heterozygotes are not distributed regularly over the species range but are concentrated near the geographical center of distribution. Most of the populations contained none or only a few heterozygotes, but in one colony 69% of 42 plants sampled were heterozygous. Judging from the meiotic metaphase associations observed, at least 5 different chromosome arrangements are present at this locality. Hybrids between colonies have invariably been translocation heterozygotes, the largest association found in such hybrids being a chain of all 18 chromosomes (a potential ring of 18). No correlation is evident between geographical separation and degree of cytological differentiation. Heterozygotes with smaller rings of 4 or 6 chromosomes, whether from natural populations or resulting from interpopulation hybridization, are highly fertile owing to the regular alternate disjunction of the chromosomes of the rings. In the larger rings of 12 to 18 chromosomes, derived from interpopulation crosses, segregation is much more irregular and leads to high sterility. It is possible that at least in some localities the heterozygotes enjoy a selective advantage over their homozygous sibs. It is also postulated that homozygosity for a particular chromosome arrangement may be selectively favored in a certain habitat, as a result of a position effect attendant upon placing formerly non‐linked genes in the same linkage group through reciprocal translocation. The high degree of chromosomal differentiation between some populations of this species suggests that the complex heterozygotes of Oenothera have arisen as a result of hybridization of cytologically differentiated races.
The impact of having a sister diagnosed with breast cancer on cancer‐related distress and breast cancer risk perception (2013)

Cancer-related distress is high in the sisters of newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer in whom there is no other family history of breast cancer. Specifically, women with a perceived lifetime risk of breast cancer of > 20% experienced the highest levels of distress. Future interventions that target this group should be considered.
Multi Target Tracking from Drones by Learning from Generalized Graph Differences (2019)

Formulating the multi object tracking problem as a network flow optimization problem is a popular choice. The weights of such network flow problem can be learnt efficiently from training data using a recently introduced concept called Generalized Graph Differences (GGD). This allows a general tracker implementation to be specialized to drone videos by training it on the VisDrone dataset. Two modifications to the original GGD is introduced in this paper and a result with an average precision of 23.09 on the test set of VisDrone 2019 was achieved.