gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in the Use of Retinoids in Cancer Therapy and Prevention (2015)

Retinoids are natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A. The anticancer properties of retinoids have long been investigated in the preclinical, epidemiological and clinical settings. It is recognized that retinoids have potent, widespread and, in many ways, unprecedented anticancer activities. This chapter summarizes the current use of retinoids as cancer agents with emphasis on recent clinical advances and mechanistic insights for their optimal clinical utility. Promising results from a prospective randomized trial for the prevention of secondary hepatocellular carcinomas have been demonstrated with the acyclic retinoid polyprenoic acid. Retinoids have been tested for prevention of secondary cancers in head and neck and lung cancer. Systematic study of retinoid scheduling in animal models and phase 0 clinical trials may prove to be a fruitful approach to optimize retinoid use in the clinic. One approach to increase the efficacy of retinoids in advanced cancer is through combination therapy.
Deregulating mitochondrial metabolite and ion transport has beneficial effects in yeast and human cellular models for NARP syndrome (2019)

The m.8993T>G mutation of the mitochondrial MT-ATP6 gene has been associated with numerous cases of neuropathy, ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa and maternally inherited Leigh syndrome, which are diseases known to result from abnormalities affecting mitochondrial energy transduction. We previously reported that an equivalent point mutation severely compromised proton transport through the ATP synthase membrane domain (FO) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and reduced the content of cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV or COX) by 80%. Herein, we report that overexpression of the mitochondrial oxodicarboxylate carrier (Odc1p) considerably increases Complex IV abundance and tricarboxylic acid-mediated substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP coupled to conversion of α-ketoglutarate into succinate in m.8993T>G yeast. Consistently in m.8993T>G yeast cells, the retrograde signaling pathway was found to be strongly induced in order to preserve α-ketoglutarate production; when Odc1p was overexpressed, this stress pathway returned to an almost basal activity. Similar beneficial effects were induced by a partial uncoupling of the mitochondrial membrane with the proton ionophore, cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone. This chemical considerably improved the glutamine-based, respiration-dependent growth of human cytoplasmic hybrid cells that are homoplasmic for the m.8993T>G mutation. These findings shed light on the interdependence between ATP synthase and Complex IV biogenesis, which could lay the groundwork for the creation of nutritional or metabolic interventions for attenuating the effects of mtDNA mutations.
WORLDWIDE PRODUCTION OF BLACKBERRIES (2008)

This review is based on a survey of worldwide blackberry production conducted in 2005. In 2005, there were an estimated 20,035 ha of blackberries planted and commercially cultivated worldwide, a 45% increase from estimated area in 1995. Wild blackberries still make a significant contribution to worldwide production with 8,000 ha and 13,460 tons harvested in 2004. There were 7692 ha of commercially cultivated blackberries in Europe with Serbia accounting for 69% of the area in Europe and also the largest producer in the world. The next largest producing countries in Europe were Hungary (1,600 ha), the United Kingdom, Romania, Poland, Germany, and Croatia. There were 7,159 ha of commercially cultivated blackberries in North America in 2005 with the USA accounting for 67% of the area planted and the second highest in the world with 4,818 ha. Sixty-five percent of the blackberries cultivated in the USA were planted in Oregon, where trailing blackberries such as 'Marion' are most common. Mexico accounted for 32% of the planted area in North America in 2005 with 2,300 ha. Blackberry production in this country increased from 230 ha in 1995 and is projected to grow to at least 5,000 ha by 2015. In Mexico, production systems are modified to extend the production season for 'Tupy' and other erect type cultivars from mid-October to early May for the fresh export market and May to June for their local market. There were 1,640 ha of commercially cultivated blackberries in Central America in 2005 with 1,590 tons produced; most of this production was in Costa Rica, but very little was exported. In South America, 6,380 tons of blackberries were harvested from 1,597 ha. Equador accounted for 53% of the planted area in this continent, but exported very little fruit. In contrast, Chile exported almost 10,000 tons of blackberries in 2004 from 450 ha of commercial blackberries and from wild plantings. In Chile, area planted increased 50% from 1995 to 2005 and is projected to be 800 ha in 2015, provided competition from Mexico does not adversely affect cost of production and competitiveness. China accounted for all of the production in Asia with 1,550 ha and 26,350 tons in 2005. Over 90% of the area was planted to semi-erect blackberry. There were 2,528 ha of organic blackberry production reported in the world in 2005. Use of tunnel production was reported on 315 ha worldwide with tunnels mostly being used to protect against adverse weather. Of the blackberry area planted worldwide, 50% of the cultivars were semi-erect, 25% erect, and 25% trailing types. 'Thornfree', 'Loch Ness', and 'Chester Thornless' were the most important semi-erect types and 'Brazos' and 'Marion' the most common erect and trailing types, respectively. Based on this survey, there may be 27,032 ha of commercial blackberries planted worldwide in 2015, not including production from harvested wild plants.
Plasticizers for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlasticizers for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) ResinsCharles J. Knuth and Paul F. BruinsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1955, 47, 8, 1572–1578Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50548a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50548a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Exploring the values of writing collaboratively through a digital storytelling platform: a mixed-methods analysis of users’ participation, perspectives and practices (2018)

Digital technologies allow teachers and students to experience new pedagogical approaches leveraging on interactivity and collaboration. Among the available techniques, digital storytelling (DST) has been usually regarded as an activity that can both enrich the teaching practices and foster students’ active behaviour. This paper aims at analysing to what extent a DST platform proposing the collaborative writing of a fictional story and leveraging on an active learning technique such as role-play can affect a variety of dimensions, namely students’ performance, commitment, creativity and social skills. Combining the analysis of the data-log automatically collected by the system with the evaluations given by teachers before and after the activity, this article shows that the use of a DST tool in the teaching practice can have positive effects on students, including the ones that usually manifest moderate scores for the previously mentioned dimensions. Additionally, semi-structured interviews and direct observations provide an insight on how the benefits stemming from the use of a DST tool in the classroom can especially lie on the collaborative process that is activated.
Involvement of the cardiac ryanodine receptor/calcium release channel in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (2001)

The cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2), the major calcium release channel on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in cardiomyocytes, has recently been shown to be involved in at least two forms of sudden cardiac death (SCD): (1) Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) or familial polymorphic VT (FPVT); and (2) Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia type 2 (ARVD2). Eleven RyR2 missense mutations have been linked to these diseases. All eleven RyR2 mutations cluster into 3 regions of RyR2 that are homologous to the three malignant hyperthermia (MH)/central core disease (CCD) mutation regions of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor/calcium release channel RyR1. MH/CCD RyR1 mutations have been shown to alter calcium-induced calcium release. Sympathetic nervous system stimulation leads to phosphorylation of RyR2 by protein kinase A (PKA). PKA phosphorylation of RyR2 activates the channel. In conditions associated with high rates of SCD such as heart failure RyR2 is PKA hyperphosphorylated resulting in "leaky" channels. SR calcium leak during diastole can generate "delayed after depolarizations" that can trigger fatal cardiac arrhythmias (e.g., VT). We propose that RyR2 mutations linked to genetic forms of catecholaminergic-induced SCD may alter the regulation of the channel resulting in increased SR calcium leak during sympathetic stimulation.
Identification of a short sequence essential for actin binding by Dictyostelium ABP-120. (1990)

Tryptic digestion of ABP-120, an actin cross-linking protein from Dictyostelium discoideum, generates a ladder of peptides differing in molecular mass by 13,000 daltons, indicating a structural repeat within the molecule. A number of peptides bind actin with the smallest having a molecular mass of 17,000 daltons (T17). Our sedimentation assays also show that a peptide of 14,000 daltons does not bind actin. Using the full-length cDNA sequence (Noegel, A., Rapp, S., Lottspeich, F., Schleicher, M., and Stewart, M. (1989) J. Cell Biol. 109, 607-618) and protein sequencing techniques, we have determined that T17 begins at residue 89 while T14 begins at residue 116. Therefore we have localized 27 amino acids which are essential for actin binding activity. This region is at the end of the molecule, distal from the repetitive beta-sheet region predicted from the cDNA sequence, and displays high sequence identity with regions in the N termini of ABP/filamin, dystrophin, beta-spectrin, and alpha-actinin.
Using the Time of Maximum Effect Site Concentration to Combine Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (2003)

T(peak) is a useful pharmacodynamic parameter and can be used to link separate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. This addresses a common difficulty in clinical pharmacology simulation and control problems, where there is usually a wide choice of pharmacokinetic models but only one or two published pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models. The results will be immediately applicable to target-controlled anesthetic infusion systems, where linkage of separate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters into a single model is inherent in several target-controlled infusion designs.
Study of System Thermodynamics and the Feasibility of Chiral Resolution of the Polymorphic System of Malic Acid Enantiomers and Its Partial Solid Solutions (2009)

The appearance of mixed crystals of organic compounds is frequently discussed in recent literature and it can cause difficulties in the downstream process of drug purification. The chiral malic acid system is an example of a system of enantiomers that exhibits partial solid solutions in a large composition range. Measurements and analyses of the binary melting phase diagram and the ternary solution phase diagram were conducted, and the existing phases were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. Within this study the formations of two phases of mixed crystals were observed and assigned to the underlying polymorphism of the racemic compound. A suggestion for the complex phase diagram of this system is made. Preferential crystallization was performed to assess the feasibility of chiral resolution by crystallization for a system exhibiting high enantiomeric excess at the eutectic point and partial solid solutions. Primary nucleation and seeded crystallization experiments revealed (a) that an initial incorporation of the enantiomer in excess into the crystal lattice of the racemic compound can be altered by the choice of crystallization conditions and (b) why partial solid solutions must be taken into account for the design of separation procedures. Considerations on the crystal structures of malic acid helped to understand the formation of particular partial solid solutions for this compound.
Low-Level Flows over the GATE Area during Summer 1972 (1975)

An assimilation of satellite low-cloud vector data and conventional meteorological data is presented in this paper. The domain of the study is the GATE A-scale area. The period is the summer months of 1972. Objective analysis of the data for 93 individual days was carried out for this entire domain. One of the important climatological findings of this study is the presence of a velocity maximum in the southeast trades along the Brazilian coast. Mean speeds for three months exceed 10 m/s in this region; daily values occasionally are as large as 25 m/s. Besides showing the monthly mean motion field, we have examined in detail one-level barotropic energy exchanges and fluxes in the GATE A-scale domain. The number of conventional plus non-conventional wind observations are about 400 per day. This is more than has been used in most previous studies. Some of these results of the energetics, especially with regards to the period when Hurricane Agnes formed, are thus of considerable interest.
Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease (2016)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the aged populations, which is characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and abnormal gait, accompanied by a variety of non-motor symptoms (NMS). The prevalence and incidence of PD rise sharply with the increase of age. In the advent of global aging, the rapid growing of elderly populations results in a rising number of PD patients, especially in China. A correct understanding of the epidemiology of PD helps to respond to this challenge actively. This article aims to provide an overview of the prevalence, incidence and mortality of PD and their differences among regions. Special efforts are made to illustrate the current status and future trends of the epidemiology and economic burden of PD in China. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.02.007
Data from Combined Inhibition of SHP2 and CXCR1/2 Promotes Antitumor T-cell Response in NSCLC (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;SHP2 inhibitors (SHP2i) alone and in various combinations are being tested in multiple tumors with overactivation of the RAS/ERK pathway. SHP2 plays critical roles in normal cell signaling; hence, SHP2is could influence the tumor microenvironment. We found that SHP2i treatment depleted alveolar and M2-like macrophages, induced tumor-intrinsic CCL5/CXCL10 secretion, and promoted B and T lymphocyte infiltration in &lt;i&gt;Kras&lt;/i&gt;- and &lt;i&gt;Egfr&lt;/i&gt;-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, treatment also increased intratumor granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (gMDSC) via tumor-intrinsic, NFκB-dependent production of CXCR2 ligands. Other RAS/ERK pathway inhibitors also induced CXCR2 ligands and gMDSC influx in mice, and CXCR2 ligands were induced in tumors from patients on KRAS&lt;sup&gt;G12C&lt;/sup&gt; inhibitor trials. Combined SHP2 (SHP099)/CXCR1/2 (SX682) inhibition depleted a specific cluster of &lt;i&gt;S100a8/9&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;hi&lt;/sup&gt; gMDSCs, generated &lt;i&gt;Klrg1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; effector T cells with a strong cytotoxic phenotype but expressing the checkpoint receptor NKG2A, and enhanced survival in &lt;i&gt;Kras&lt;/i&gt;- and &lt;i&gt;Egfr&lt;/i&gt;-mutant models. Our results argue for testing RAS/ERK pathway/CXCR1/2/NKG2A inhibitor combinations in patients with NSCLC.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Our study shows that inhibiting the SHP2/RAS/ERK pathway triggers NFκB-dependent upregulation of CXCR2 ligands and recruitment of S100A8&lt;sup&gt;hi&lt;/sup&gt; gMDSCs, which suppress T cells. Combining SHP2/CXCR2 inhibitors blocks gMDSC immigration, resulting in enhanced Th1 polarization, induced CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;KLRG1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; effector T cells with high cytotoxic activity, and improved survival in multiple NSCLC models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/cancerdiscovery/article/doi/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-1-ITI" target="_blank"&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Synthesis, Sequential Crystallization and Morphological Evolution of Well‐Defined Star‐Shaped Poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(L‐lactide) Block Copolymer (2006)

Abstract Summary: Well‐defined star‐shaped poly( ε ‐caprolactone)‐ b ‐poly( L ‐lactide) copolymers (PCL‐ b ‐PLLA) were synthesized via sequential block copolymerization, and their molecular weights and arm length ratio could be accurately controlled. Both differential scanning calorimetry and wide angle X‐ray diffraction analysis indicated that the crystallization of both the PLLA and PCL blocks within the star‐shaped PCL‐ b ‐PLLA copolymer could be adjusted from the arm length of each block, and both blocks mutually influenced each other. The sequential isothermal crystallization process of both the PLLA and PCL blocks within the PCL‐ b ‐PLLA copolymers was directly observed with a polarized optical microscope, and the isothermal crystallization of the PCL segments was mainly templated by the existing spherulites of PLLA. Moreover, the PLLA blocks within the star‐shaped PCL‐ b ‐PLLA copolymer progressively changed from ordinary spherulites to banded spherulites when the arm length ratio of PCL to PLLA was increased while concentric spherulites were observed for the linear analog. Significantly, these novel spherulites with concentric or banded textures and the morphological evolution of the spherulites have been observed for the first time in the PCL‐ b ‐PLLA block copolymers. magnified image
Perioperative Management Center (PERIO) for Neurosurgical Patients (2016)

Perioperative management is critical for positive neurosurgical outcomes. In order to maintain safe and authentic perioperative management, a perioperative management center (PERIO) was introduced to patients of our Neurosurgery Department beginning in June 2014. PERIO involves a multidisciplinary team consisting of anesthesiologists, dentists/dental hygienists/technicians, nurses, physical therapists, pharmacists, and nutritionists. After neurosurgeons decide on the course of surgery, a preoperative evaluation consisting of blood sampling, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, and lung function test was performed. The patients then visited the PERIO clinic 7-14 days before surgery. One or two days before surgery, the patients without particular issues enter the hospital and receive a mouth cleaning one day before surgery. After surgery, postoperative support involving eating/swallowing evaluation, rehabilitation, and pain control is provided. The differences in duration from admission to surgery, cancellation of surgery, and postoperative complications between PERIO and non-PERIO groups were examined. Eighty-five patients were enrolled in the PERIO group and 131 patients in the non-PERIO group. The duration from admission to surgery was significantly decreased in the PERIO group (3.6 ± 0.3 days), compared to that in the non-PERIO group (4.7 ± 0.2 days). There was one cancelled surgery in the PERIO group and six in the non-PERIO group. Postoperative complications and the overall hospital stay did not differ between the two groups. The PERIO system decreased the duration from admission to surgery, and it is useful in providing high-quality medical service, although the system should be improved so as not to increase the burden on medical staff.
CLEAN VECTOR TECHNOLOGY FOR MARKER-FREE TRANSGENIC ORNAMENTALS (2004)

Marker-free transgenic crops confer several advantages over transgenic crops equipped with e.g. genes coding for antibiotic resistance. Firstly, the European Union encourages notifiers for introductions of GMOs in the environment to ¿avoid or minimize the inclusion of superfluous transgenes or sequences¿ and it promotes the use of clean vector systems. Secondly, the number of selection genes allowing the preferential growth of transformed cells and tissues is limited and often a gene transfer protocol for a specific crop or even a cultivar depends on the use of one specific selectable marker gene. Hence, stacking of genes within the same transgenic line is difficult once a selectable marker gene has been introduced. If these marker genes can be removed, the subsequent introduction of the next gene-of-interest is greatly facilitated. At Plant Research International a system has been developed for specific elimination of any introduced DNA/gene sequences using site-specific recombination combined with selection for successful removal using a negative selection system. Completely marker-free transgenic plants have been obtained using a model vector, both in an efficient transformation system (strawberry) as well as in a non-efficient transformation system (apple). Frequencies were more than adequate. Presently. A versatile vector set providing a choice of several selectable markers and carrying a multiple cloning site for receiving cassettes of the gene-of-interest is available for application in, amongst others, ornamental crops
The Spectrum of CHM Gene Mutations in Choroideremia and Their Relationship to Clinical Phenotype (2016)

In patients with a diagnosis of choroideremia made by a specialty service, there is a high likelihood of establishing a genetic diagnosis. The majority of causative mutations appear to be null and, therefore, may benefit from gene replacement therapy. A disproportionate number of single point mutations observed were C to T transitions, consistent with the evolutionary decay of CpG dinucleotides through methylation and subsequent deamination. Hence, the development of choroideremia in such patients may represent the unwanted consequence of human evolution; de novo mutations are predicted to arise at these sites in future generations. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01461213.).
Enhancement of mucosal vaccine using drug delivery systems (DDS) (2006)

粘膜ワクチンは, 粘膜より免疫反応を賦活化させ感染を予防するとともに, 抗原特異的免疫寛容の誘導を介して全身的な炎症性疾患を治療することが出来る手段として, 近年, 注目されている. 粘膜ワクチンへのDDSの応用について紹介する.