gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel parallelized goodness-of-Fit test based Dynamic Spectrum access technique for Cognitive Radio Networks (2010)

Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) operate on the principle of opportunistically exploiting unused capacity in the primary network via Dynamic Spectrum Sensing. In this paper we propose a novel suite of transmit opportunity detection methods that effectively exploit the white/gray space in high traffic packet networks. We present a radically different paradigm to exploit the excess Signal-to-Noise ratio regime in which the primary network usually operates via a modification of the Interference Temperature concept. The proposed method is based on robust and rapid detection of changes in the primary network statistics through the use of a novel Parallelized Goodness-of- Fit test. The instantaneous transmit margin afforded by the primary network is dynamically determined and the CRN backs off whenever it detects that it is beginning to interfere with the primary network. We have implemented the proposed method on a CRN testbed that coexists with a large scale IEEE 802.11 primary network and demonstrate its excellent performance through extensive real world experimental results. We show that we can obtain more than 95% probability of detection of interference while the probability of not detecting a valid transmit opportunity is less than 20% for detection times of 400-1000 ms.
Application of genetic algorithm for constrained metal plate lens profile optimization (2005)

For specific applications such as Assisted Cruise Control (ACC) systems, the radar operating at 76 GHz requires short and long-range detection. Specifications require high gain, which imposes electrically large focusing elements. In addition, requirement for rather low side-lobe level necessitates some optimization techniques. As the size is several wavelengths, a rapid technique such as Geometrical Optics (GO) should be used for analysis, which allows an efficient design technique when associated with Genetic Algorithm (GA). The design of constrained metal plate lenses is presented and results show that both GA and GO techniques provide an efficient tool for design of electrically large focusing elements.
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Blasts Contribute to a Bone Marrow-Stroma in In Vivo NOD/SCID Mouse System.. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 1621 Poster Board I-647 Aims: Cancer stem cell theory has been developed, and whose precise characteristics have been reported. However, there have been no reports on the differentiation of cancer stem cells into the environmental stromal cells. We reported previously that non-adherent acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells were differentiated into myofibroblasts to create a microenvironment for proliferation of AML blasts in vitro. In this report we demonstrate that with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse system AML blast cells also convert to myofibroblasts to form stroma in vivo. Materials and Methods Bone marrow cells were collected from informed AML (M2) patients who had chromosomal translocation of RUNX1 and ETO, from which mononuclear cells were separated with density-gradient sedimentation method. After discarded an adherent cell-fraction, the non-adherent mononuclear cells were injected to the 3.0 Gray-irradiated non-obese diabetes (NOD)/SCID mouse intravenously. For the inactivation of NK cells, anti-Asialo GM1 antibody was injected intra-peritoneally prior to the transplantation, and on each 11th day thereafter. Blood was collected to monitor Runx1 and ETO fusion transcript, and mice were sacrificed after chimeric mRNA was observed. Bone marrow cells were obtained, and sorted with anti-human CD133 antibody and -CD106 to select AML-derived human stromal myofibroblasts referred to the in vitro data. The isolated positive fraction was further cultured, and the biological and the molecular characteristics were analyzed. Results and Discussion When non-adherent AML (M2) blast cells were transplanted to NOD/SCID mice, cells were engrafted after 10 weeks. In murine bone marrow cells human stromal cells were identified, in which RUNX1 and ETO gene was fused with FISH analysis. When the parental AML blast cells were cultured on the expanded AML-derived myofibroblasts, AML cells grew extensively. These results indicate that AML cells can create their own microenvironment for proliferation in vivo. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A General Boosting Method and its Application to Learning Ranking Functions for Web Search (2007)

We present a general boosting method extending functional gradient boosting to optimize complex loss functions that are encountered in many machine learning problems. Our approach is based on optimization of quadratic upper bounds of the loss functions which allows us to present a rigorous convergence analysis of the algorithm. More importantly, this general framework enables us to use a standard regression base learner such as single regression tree for fitting any loss function. We illustrate an application of the proposed method in learning ranking functions for Web search by combining both preference data and labeled data for training. We present experimental results for Web search using data from a commercial search engine that show significant improvements of our proposed methods over some existing methods.
A Highly Mutable GST is Essential for Bract Colouration in Euphorbia Pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotsch (2020)

Abstract Background: Mutation breeding is an extraordinary tool in plant breeding to increase the genetic variability, where mutations in anthocyanin biosynthesis are targets to generate distinctive phenotypes in ornamental species. In poinsettia, ionizing radiation is routinely applied in breeding programs to obtaining a range of colours, with nearly all pink and white varieties being obtained after γ- or X-ray mutagenesis of red varieties. In the present study we performed a thorough characterization of a potential mutagenesis target gene as the main responsible for the ‘ white paradox ’ in poinsettia Results: We identified a GST gene in poinsettia ( Bract1 ) as an essential factor for the expression of anthocyanin-based red colouration of bracts, which presents a high phylogenetic similarity to known anthocyanin-related GSTs. Red poinsettia varieties and white mutants generated from these varieties by X-ray were analysed for polymorphisms related to the ‘ white paradox ’ in the species. A 4 bp mutation in a short repeat within the coding region of Bract1 is most likely responsible for the appearance of white phenotypes upon irradiation treatment. The polymorphism between wild-type and mutant alleles co-segregates with the phenotype in progeny from heterozygous red and white parents. Moreover, overexpression of Bract1 wild-type allele in Arabidopsis tt19 mutants restored the anthocyanin phenotype, while the Bract1 mutated allele showed to be non-functional. Conclusions: The identified repeat seems to be highly unstable, since mutated plants can be easily detected among fewer than 200 shoots derived from 10 mutated plants. Our data indicate that particular short repeat sequences, similar to microsatellite sequences or so-called dynamic mutations, might be hot spots for genetic variability. Moreover, the identification of the Bract1 mutation fills a gap on the understanding on the molecular mechanism of colour formation in poinsettia
Block copolymers for corrosion protection of aluminium (2008)

In this work, poly( n -butyl acrylate- b -trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PBA- b -PTFEMA) and poly( n -butyl acrylate- b -heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate) (PBA- b -PHFEMA) diblock copolymers synthesized by controlled radical polymerisation are used as a monolayer to protect aluminium against corrosion. Contact angle measurements show hydrophobic behaviour that can be attributed to the presence of a fluorinated block. The preferential orientation of the fluorinated block at the coating/air interface can explain the high hydrophobicity behaviour. Finally, corrosion resistance has been investigated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the PBA- b -PHFEMA copolymer provides excellent anti-corrosion barrier properties, even after 60 days of immersion in a solution of 3% NaCl.
Differential Localization of VE- and N-Cadherins in Human Endothelial Cells: VE-Cadherin Competes with N-Cadherin for Junctional Localization (1998)

The two major cadherins of endothelial cells are neural (N)-cadherin and vascular endothelial (VE)- cadherin. Despite similar level of protein expression only VE-cadherin is located at cell-cell contacts, whereas N-cadherin is distributed over the whole cell membrane. Cotransfection of VE-cadherin and N-cadherin in CHO cells resulted in the same distribution as that observed in endothelial cells indicating that the behavior of the two cadherins was not cell specific but related to their structural characteristics. Similar amounts of alpha- and beta-catenins and plakoglobin were associated to VE- and N-cadherins, whereas p120 was higher in the VE-cadherin complex. The presence of VE-cadherin did not affect N-cadherin homotypic adhesive properties or its capacity to localize at junctions when cotransfectants were cocultured with cells transfected with N-cadherin only. To define the molecular domain responsible for the VE-cadherin-dominant activity we prepared a chimeric construct formed by VE-cadherin extracellular region linked to N-cadherin intracellular domain. The chimera lost the capacity to exclude N-cadherin from junctions indicating that the extracellular domain of VE-cadherin alone is not sufficient for the preferential localization of the molecule at the junctions. A truncated mutant of VE-cadherin retaining the full extracellular domain and a short cytoplasmic tail (Arg621-Pro702) lacking the catenin-binding region was able to exclude N-cadherin from junctions. This indicates that the Arg621-Pro702 sequence in the VE-cadherin cytoplasmic tail is required for N-cadherin exclusion from junctions. Competition between cadherins for their clustering at intercellular junctions in the same cell has never been described before. We speculate that, in the endothelium, VE- and N-cadherin play different roles; whereas VE-cadherin mostly promotes the homotypic interaction between endothelial cells, N-cadherin may be responsible for the anchorage of the endothelium to other surrounding cell types expressing N-cadherin such as vascular smooth muscle cells or pericytes.
Molecular Topology of the Transit Peptide during Chloroplast Protein Import (2018)

Chloroplast protein import is directed by the interaction of the targeting signal (transit peptide) of nucleus-encoded preproteins with translocons at the outer (TOC) and inner (TIC) chloroplast envelope membranes. Studies of the energetics and determinants of transit peptide binding have led to the hypothesis that import occurs through sequential recognition of transit peptides by components of TOC and TIC during protein import. To test this hypothesis, we employed a site-specific cross-linking approach to map transit peptide topology in relation to TOC-TIC components at specific stages of import in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>). We demonstrate that the transit peptide is in contact with Tic20 at the inner envelope in addition to TOC complex components at the earliest stages of chloroplast binding. Low levels of ATP hydrolysis catalyze the commitment of the preprotein to import by promoting further penetration across the envelope membranes and stabilizing the association of the preprotein with TOC-TIC. GTP hydrolysis at the TOC receptors serves as a checkpoint to regulate the ATP-dependent commitment of the preprotein to import and is not essential to drive preprotein import. Our results demonstrate the close cooperativity of the TOC and TIC machinery at each stage of transit peptide recognition and membrane translocation during protein import.
REVEAL risk score in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension receiving riociguat (2018)

Riociguat improved RRS in patients with inoperable and persistent/recurrent CTEPH. RRS at baseline and Week 16, and change in RRS from baseline, predicted survival and clinical worsening-free survival. This analysis of RRS in patients with inoperable or persistent/recurrent CTEPH suggests utility for the RRS in indications beyond PAH.
Light-Weight Rule-Based Test Case Generation for Detecting Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities (2015)

Buffer overflow exploits form a substantial portion of input manipulation attacks as they are commonly found and are easy to exploit. Despite existence of many detection solutions, buffer overflow bugs are widely being reported in multitude of applications suggesting either inherent limitations in current solutions or problems with their adoption by the end-users. To address this, we propose a novel light-weight rule-based test case generation approach for detecting buffer overflows. The proposed approach uses information collected from static program analysis and pre-defined rules to generate test cases. Since the proposed approach uses only static analysis information and does not involve any constraint solving it is termed as light-weight. Our experimental evaluation on benchmark programs shows that the test inputs generated by the proposed approach are effective in detecting known bugs along with reporting some new bugs.
Modelling the 3‐year risk of myocardial infarction among participants in the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti‐HIV Drugs (DAD) study (2003)

These models suggest that although the increase in relative risk of MI as a result of ARV treatment may be as high as threefold in a worst case scenario, the absolute risk is modest with a best estimate of 3-year risk less than or equal to 1% in all groups of patients, and is outweighed by the benefits of ARV treatment in terms of reduced risk of AIDS and death in most patients. As estimates are based on models not validated for people receiving ARV drugs, all estimates should be interpreted cautiously.
An assessment of PHEV energy management strategies using driving range data collected in Beijing (2013)

This paper assesses three typical plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) energy management strategies by comparing the average fuel consumptions (AFC) based on the daily driving range data of Beijing. The three different strategies are developed first: with the all-electric charge-sustaining (AECS) strategy, the vehicle is propelled only by the motor until the SOC is depleted; with the fixed blended strategy, the vehicle utilizes both motor and engine according to some fixed ratio in the charge depleting stage; and with the adaptive blended strategy, the vehicle utilizes both motor and engine at an variable ratio adapted to the driving range. Then, the AFC assessment methods for the corresponding strategies are illustrated. For the strategies with the fixed charge depleting range, the utility factor method prescribed by SAE is available; for the strategy with the variable charge depleting range, a mathematic expectation method is proposed. The conclusion comes at last: with the same components, the lowest AFC is 1.2542 L/100km, with the adaptive blended strategy; and the highest AFC is 2.4130 L/100km, with one of the fixed blended strategy; for the vehicle used in the study, the AECS is the best strategy unless the blended strategy is adapted to the driving range; and it is suggested the AFC be considered instead of the specific trip fuel consumption in the strategy optimization.
New Perfluoroalkyl‐Substituted Bisoxazolines as Chiral Ligands in Asymmetric Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Reactions. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Genetic Diversity of Zingiberaceae Plant Isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum in the Asia-Pacific Region (2013)

The genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum strains isolated from Zingiberaceae plants in the Asia-Pacific region was assessed by examining their biochemical properties, discriminating the phylogeny by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and analyzing the egl and mutS gene sequences.These data were compared with those of reference strains covering the known diversity within the R. solanacearum species complex. Fifty-two of the Zingiberaceae plant isolates belong to either biovar 3 or biovar 4. Multiplex PCR analyses indicated that these strains belong to phylotype I. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the investigated strains could be further divided into five or more groups and three major groups, based on the egl and mutS gene sequences, respectively. These groups were closely correlated with the host species and/or geographical origin. Our findings suggest that R. solanacearum strains affecting Zingiberaceae plants have multiple origins from within the Asia-Pacific region, and may have been disseminated with seed rhizomes.
Relationship between Progression of Disease and Immunoglobulin A‐anti‐Fab‐/F(ab')2 Autoantibodies in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer (1998)

Patients with malignant tumors of the head and neck often have immune defects. Higher serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A levels were reported in this group of patients. We investigated whether IgA-anti-Fab- or IgA-anti-F(ab')2 autoantibodies, which have been shown to correlate with severe dysfunction of the immune system, also appear in patients with head and neck cancer. Sera of 110 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN), eight patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 57 healthy control subjects were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgA-anti-Fab autoantibody activity. Patients with head and neck cancer showed a higher IgA-anti-Fab activity (optical density (OD) = 399; n = 118) than did healthy control subjects (OD = 84; n = 57; p < 0.0001). An association between stage of disease and IgA-anti-Fab activity could be established in patients with SCCHN. Patients with stage IV disease had a significantly higher IgA-anti-Fab activity (OD = 538; n = 51) than had patients with stage I disease (OD = 283; n = 18; p < 0.05). Patients with stage II (OD = 293; n = 13) or stage III (OD = 379; n = 28) disease had intermediate activity. Also a higher IgA-anti-Fab activity than in healthy control subjects could be shown in the eight patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (OD = 314; n = 8; p < 0.01). The highest IgA-anti-Fab activity was observed in eight patients with SCCHN who died within 6 months after testing (OD = 1004; n = 8), suggesting an association between autoimmunity and final desintegration of physiologic body functions. The occurrence of IgA-anti-Fab/IgA-anti-F(ab')2 autoantibodies might be interpreted as an aspect of immune deficiency in patients with malignant tumors of the head and neck.
Surgical treatment for limited small-cell lung cancer. The University of Toronto Lung Oncology Group experience. (1991)

Since 1977, 119 patients with limited small-cell lung cancer have undergone combined modality therapy including surgery at our institution. Seventy-nine patients (58 male, 21 female; median age 63 years) had surgery first, and 67 of these had adjuvant chemotherapy. Forty (27 male, 13 female; median age 59 years) had chemotherapy first, and 94% had a complete or partial response before the operation. Pretreatment staging revealed 69 stage I, 27 stage II, and 23 stage III tumors. Twenty-six patients required pneumonectomy, 88 lobectomy, and five had no resection. Four patients had gross and six had microscopic residual disease. Postoperative pathologic examination showed small-cell lung cancer only (n = 95), non-small-cell lung cancer (n = 3), mixed (n = 17), and no residual tumor (n = 4). Postoperative staging revealed 35 stage I, 36 stage II, and 48 stage IIIa tumors. The median survival of the entire group is 111 weeks and the projected 5-year survival rate is 39%. No survival difference was seen between patients treated with chemotherapy before the operation and those undergoing an initial operation followed by chemotherapy (p = 0.756). The median survival for patients with pathologic stage I disease has not been reached, and the projected 5-year survival rate is 51%. This is significantly better than for the patients with stage II (median 82 weeks, p = 0.001) or stage III (median 83 weeks, p = 0.001) disease, who have projected 5-year survival rates of 28% and 19%, respectively. Seven of the 12 patients who had no adjuvant chemotherapy remain alive at 6 to 48+ months. Sixty-seven patients have died (11 had no evidence of disease). Only 10 patients had a relapse in the primary site alone, seven at the primary and distant sites, and 39 only in distant sites. In summary, resection improves control at the primary site, and a significant proportion of patients with stage I (N0) disease achieve long-term survival and cure with combined modality therapy including surgery. Stage II and IIIa patients have survival predictions similar to stage IIIa non-small-cell lung carcinoma treated surgically.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapamycin Synthetic Studies. Part 2. Elaboration of the C(10)‐C(26) Perimeter. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of Oxygen on Nicotine and Tropane Alkaloid Production in Cultured RootsDuboisia myoporoides (1994)

The effects of oxygen on nicotine and tropane alkaloid production in root cultures of Duboisia myoporoides were investigated. Duboisia roots cultured in air produced both nicotine and tropane alkaloids equally. However, when roots were cultured in pure oxygen, the metabolic flux to tropane alkaloids increased, and that to nicotine alkaloids decreased. Intermediate product analysis by GC-MS showed an increase in tropine, but decreases in acetyl derivatives of tropane alkaloids and tropine esters with low-class fatty acids. Furthermore, hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase (H6H, EC 1.14.11.11, the key enzyme in the pathway from hyosyamine to scopolamine) also increased. These results suggest that pure oxygen contributes to scopolamine production not only by activating the biosynthetic steps for scopolamine, but also by inactivating the biosynthetic steps for nicotine and other tropine derivatives.
Alternative methods to measure breast density in younger women (2023)

OBS and DXA provide acceptable and viable alternative methods to measure breast density in younger women aged 18-40 years.
Biomechanical Evaluation of the Efficacy of External Stabilizers in the Conservative Treatment of Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (2002)

This study quantified and compared the efficacy of in-shoe orthoses and ankle braces in stabilizing the hindfoot and medial longitudinal arch in a cadaveric model of acquired flexible flatfoot deformity. This was addressed by combining measurement of hindfoot and arch kinematics with plantar pressure distribution, produced in response to axial loads simulating quiet standing. Experiments were conducted on six fresh-frozen cadaveric lower limbs. Three conditions were tested: intact-unbraced; flatfoot-unbraced; and flatfoot-braced. Flatfoot deformity was created by sectioning the main support structures of the medial longitudinal arch. Six different braces were tested including two in-shoe orthoses, three ankle braces and one molded ankle-foot orthosis. Our model of flexible flatfoot deformity caused the calcaneus to evert, the talus to plantarflex and the height of the talus and medial cuneiform to decrease. Flexible flatfoot deformity caused a pattern of medial shift in plantar pressure distribution, but minimal change in the location of the center of pressure. Furthermore, in-shoe orthoses stabilized both the hindfoot and the medial longitudinal arch, while ankle braces did not. Semi-rigid foot and ankle orthoses acted to stabilize the medial longitudinal arch. Based on these results, it was concluded that treatment of flatfoot deformity should at least include use of in-shoe orthoses to partially restore the arch and stabilize the hindfoot.