gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Macrophages Exhibit GM-CSF Dependent Restriction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection via Regulating Their Self-Survival, Differentiation and Metabolism (2022)

GM-CSF is an important cytokine that regulates the proliferation of monocytes/macrophages and its various functions during health and disease. Although growing evidences support the notion that GM-CSF could play a major role in immunity against tuberculosis (TB) infection, the mechanism of GM-CSF mediated protective effect against TB remains largely unknown. Here in this study we examined the secreted levels of GM-CSF by human macrophages from different donors along with the GM-CSF dependent cellular processes that are critical for control of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> infection. While macrophage of different donors varied in their ability to produce GM-CSF, a significant correlation was observed between secreted levels of GM-CSF, survial of macrophages and intra-macrophage control of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> bacilli. GM-CSF levels secreted by macrophages negatively correlated with the intra-macrophage <i>M. tuberculosis</i> burden, survival of infected host macrophages positively correlated with their GM-CSF levels. GM-CSF-dependent prolonged survival of human macrophages also correlated with significantly decreased bacterial burden and increased expression of self-renewal/cell-survival associated genes such as <i>BCL-2</i> and <i>HSP27</i>. Antibody-mediated depletion of GM-CSF in macrophages resulted in induction of significantly elevated levels of apoptotic/necrotic cell death and a simultaneous decrease in autophagic flux. Additionally, protective macrophages against <i>M. tuberculosis</i> that produced more GM-CSF, induced a stronger granulomatous response and produced significantly increased levels of IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-10 and decreased levels of TNF-α and IL-6. In parallel, macrophages isolated from the peripheral blood of active TB patients exhibited reduced capacity to control the intracellular growth of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> and produced significantly lower levels of GM-CSF. Remarkably, as compared to healthy controls, macrophages of active TB patients exhibited significantly altered metabolic state correlating with their GM-CSF secretion levels. Altogether, these results suggest that relative levels of GM-CSF produced by human macrophages plays a critical role in preventing cell death and maintaining a protective differentiation and metabolic state of the host cell against <i>M. tuberculosis</i> infection.
Localized dual-wavelength fiber-optic polarimeter for the measurement of structural strain and orientation (1992)

A single-ended, all-fiber polarimetric strain sensor with wide dynamic range and linearized response is described. Linear response is achieved by using a dual-wavelength technique, with modified pseudoheterodyne signal recovery. Single-valued, multiple-fringe phase tracking is obtained by using a binary signal division technique. An average strain sensitivity of 0.050 +/- 0.02 deg microepsilon(-1) cm(-1) is found for sensors that are surface adhered to cantilever beams. The sensor system is applied successfully to the measurement of the local orientation of a 1-m structural beam, with an accuracy of +/-0.02 deg of beam slope. Limitations on the applicability of this sensing technique are discussed.
In Situ Generation of Catalytically Relevant Nanoparticles from a Molecular Pincer Iridium Precatalyst during Polyol Deoxygenation (2020)

Pincer complexes such as (RPOCOP)Ir-based species (RPOCOP = κ3-C6H3-1,3-[OP(R)2]2) are widely used as precatalysts for organic transformations with many mechanistic studies of these transformations based on the assumption that the precatalysts retain their molecular nature under catalytic conditions. We demonstrate that even (tBuPOCOP)IrCO (tBuPOCOP = κ3-C6H3-1,3-[OP(tBu)2]2), a precatalyst valued for its stability, can be susceptible to the formation of nanoparticles at elevated temperatures under the acidic reducing conditions required for polyol deoxygenation and that the nanoparticles formed in situ can contribute to the observed hydrogenation activity. The iridium nanoparticles isolated from reaction mixtures by centrifugation and detected on glass and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) reactor liners exhibit a high degree of aggregation and resist common cleaning protocols.
Layers of epistasis: genome‐wide regulatory networks and network approaches to genome‐wide association studies (2010)

The conceptual foundation of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) has advanced unchecked since its conception. A revision might seem premature as the potential of GWAS has not been fully realized. Multiple technical and practical limitations need to be overcome before GWAS can be fairly criticized. But with the completion of hundreds of studies and a deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of disease, warnings are being raised. The results compiled to date indicate that risk-associated variants lie predominantly in noncoding regions of the genome. Additionally, alternative methodologies are uncovering large and heterogeneous sets of rare variants underlying disease. The fear is that, even in its fulfillment, the current GWAS paradigm might be incapable of dissecting all kinds of phenotypes. In the following text, we review several initiatives that aim to overcome these limitations. The overarching theme of these studies is the inclusion of biological knowledge to both the analysis and interpretation of genotyping data. GWAS is uninformed of biology by design and although there is some virtue in its simplicity, it is also its most conspicuous deficiency. We propose a framework in which to integrate these novel approaches, both empirical and theoretical, in the form of a genome-wide regulatory network (GWRN). By processing experimental data into networks, emerging data types based on chromatin immunoprecipitation are made computationally tractable. This will give GWAS re-analysis efforts the most current and relevant substrates, and root them firmly on our knowledge of human disease.
Quantification of systemic-to-pulmonary collateral flow in univentricular physiology with 4D flow MRI (2022)

4D flow MR is able to detect increased systemic-to-pulmonary collateral flow and visualise collaterals vessels in Glenn and Fontan patients. However, the amount of systemic-to-pulmonary collateral flow varies with the formula employed. Therefore, further research is necessary before it could be applied in clinical care.
Notice of Retraction: Personalized user's interest model study based on semantic relation tree (2010)

This article has been retracted by the publisher.
Performance of adaptive multirate (AMR) voice in GSM and WCDMA (2004)

This paper studies the performance of adaptive multirate (AMR) voice service in GSM and WCDMA radio networks. The AMR voice codec and its utilization in GSM and WCDMA radio networks are first introduced. The effect of AMR to GSM and WCDMA spectral efficiency is evaluated. It is shown that AMR can improve GSM spectral efficiency 100-150% compared to the enhanced full rate (EFR) codec. AMR further allows the utilization of half-rate codec improving the hardware efficiency in GSM. In WCDMA networks, the AMR allows to make a trade-off between voice capacity and AMR bit rate. The paper also presents the future evolution of AMR voice coding for further enhancements of spectral efficiency and voice quality. The source based rate adaptation is shown to improve the AMR spectral efficiency up to 25%. The wideband AMR will bring improved audio quality for the wireless and fixed network.
CCXCIII.—A synthesis of pyrylium salts of anthocyanidin type. Part XIV (1927)

A. Robertson and R. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc., 1927, 2196 DOI: 10.1039/JR9270002196
Best Practices for Constructed‐Response Scoring (2022)

This document describes a set of best practices for developing, implementing, and maintaining the critical process of scoring constructed‐response tasks. These practices address both the use of human raters and automated scoring systems as part of the scoring process and cover the scoring of written, spoken, performance, or multimodal responses. Best Practices for Constructed‐Response Scoring is designed not to act as an independent guide, but rather to be used in conjunction with other ETS publications, including the Guidelines for Constructed‐Response and Other Performance Assessments, ETS Standards for Quality and Fairness, ETS Guidelines for Fair Tests and Communications , and the ETS Guidelines for Fairness .
Signaling System 7 (SS7) Message Transfer Part 3 (MTP3) - User Adaptation Layer (M3UA) (2002)

This memo defines a protocol for supporting the transport of any SS7 MTP3-User signalling (e.g., ISUP and SCCP messages) over IP using the services of the Stream Control Transmission Protocol. Also, provision is made for protocol elements that enable a seamless operation of the MTP3-User peers in the SS7 and IP domains. This protocol would be used between a Signalling Gateway (SG) and a Media Gateway Controller (MGC) or IP-resident Database, or between two IP-based applications. It is assumed that the SG receives SS7 signalling over a standard SS7 interface using the SS7 Message Transfer Part (MTP) to provide transport.
Digital in-line holography with a rectangular complex coherence factor (2012)

We propose in this paper the study of a particular spatially partially coherent source applied to digital in-line holography of dense particle flow. A source with a rectangular complex coherence factor is implemented. The effects of such a source on the intensity distribution of the diffraction pattern are described. In particular, we show that this type of source allows us to eliminate the diffraction pattern along one axis while all the information about the dimension of the particle is kept along the other perpendicular axis. So particle images can be well reconstructed along one direction and the speckle can be largely limited.
Maternal Serum Placental Growth Factor in Prospective Screening for Aneuploidies at 8–13 Weeks’ Gestation (2012)

Inclusion of serum PLGF improves the performance of the first-trimester combined test in screening for trisomy-21.
The association between heart rate behavior and gait performance: The moderating effect of frailty (2022)

Current findings, for the first time, suggest that a compromised motor and cardiac autonomic interaction exist among pre-frail/frail older adults; an impaired HR performance (i.e., slower increase of HR in response to stressors) may lead to a slower walking performance. Assessing physical performance and its corresponding HR behavior should be studied as a tool for frailty screening and providing insights about the underlying cardiovascular-related mechanism leading to physical frailty.
Dynamic group management as an enhancement to emergency healthcare using policies (2008)

Successful medical emergency preventative measures or actual emergency resolution is not entirely down to one individual, but more the result of the establishment and behaviour of a group of individuals and services. This is highly evident in the healthcare domain: the introduction of pervasive healthcare systems allows for the interconnection of various stake holders, such as patients, doctors, medical monitoring services, and the patientpsilas family. Communication within a group can be extremely useful to manage and resolve emergency situations, such as helping a patient affected by a life-threatening hypogylcemic condition. At the same time, it also requires new tools for managing these groups in an effective and secure way. However, as more specialist services become available the management of these groups is increasing in magnitude. This paper defines different group types and proposes a framework, which allows for the dynamic management of such groups using policies. The applicability of this generic framework for the purpose of pervasive healthcare applications is demonstrated by concrete examples and use cases.
A coupled radiative transfer and diffusion approximation model for the solution of the forward problem and the a-priori fluorophore distribution estimation in fluorescence imaging (2009)

Although fluorescence imaging has been applied in tumour diagnosis from the early 90s, just the last few years it has met an increasing scientific interest due to the advances in the biophotonics field and the combined technological progress of the acquisition and computational systems. In addition there are expectations that fluorescence imaging will be further developed and applied in deep tumour diagnosis in the years to come. However, this evolving field of imaging sciences has still to encounter important challenges. Among them is the expression of an accurate forward model for the solution of the reconstruction problem. The scope of this work is to introduce a three dimensional coupled radiative transfer and diffusion approximation model, applicable on the fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, the solver incorporates the super-ellipsoid models and sophisticated image processing algorithms to additionally provide a-priori estimation about the fluorophores distribution, information that is very important for the solution of the inverse problem. Simulation experiments have proven that the proposed methodology preserves the accuracy levels of the radiative transfer equation and the time efficacy of the diffusion approximation, while in the same time shows extended success on the registration between acquired and simulated images.
Interaction between uranium tetrafluoride oxide and the pentafluorides of arsenic, niobium, tantalum, and bismuth (1983)

No reaction occurs between UF4O and AsF5 but UF4O·3MF5(M = Nb and Ta) and UF4O·2BiF5 have been obtained as yellow or orange solids by warming mixtures of UF4O with excess of the appropriate pentafluoride in anhydrous HF or by combination of the oxide tetrafluoride with excess of the pentafluoride as a melt. The solid adducts have been characterized by their reaction stoicheiometries, chemical analyses, and vibrational spectra. Like UF4O·2SbF5, the adducts are fluorine bridged with some ionic character. The thermal decomposition of the adducts results in the production of uranyl species.
Investigation of the M/G/R processor sharing model for dimensioning of IP access networks with elastic traffic (2000)

This paper addresses the problem of dimensioning IP access networks for elastic traffic, which is carried by the TCP protocol. The M/G/R Processor Sharing model (M/G/R PS) is used as the basis for capacity computations. The model is extended to take into account TCP specific properties, thus, giving more accurate values, especially for increasing round-trip times. The applicability of the model to TCP Internet traffic is shown through simulations.
Two modes of action of bisphosphonates on osteoclastic resorption of mineralized matrix. (1986)

Pretreatment of a long bone explant with P-C-P can prevent the osteoclastic resorption of its mineralized matrix, when it is entirely dependent upon activation and accession of extra-osseous osteoclast precursors. When treatment of the explant is postponed until after the development of mature osteoclasts, the P-C-P dose required for an inhibitory effect is increased 100-fold for the amino bisphosphonate APD, but not for EHDP and Cl2MDP. It is concluded that high doses of all P-C-Ps inhibit the resorbing osteoclast, but that low dose of the amino P-C-P can specifically inhibit the accession of osteoclast precursors to mineralized matrix. Both actions require P-C-P binding to the mineral. The relative potencies of the P-C-Ps in the precursor-dependent system correspond to their relative potencies in vivo. This suggests that inhibition of accession underlies the high potency which the aminobisphosphonate has in vivo.
Relation-aware Video Reading Comprehension for Temporal Language Grounding (2021)

Temporal language grounding in videos aims to localize the temporal span relevant to the given query sentence. Previous methods treat it either as a boundary regression task or a span extraction task. This paper will formulate temporal language grounding into video reading comprehension and propose a Relation-aware Network (RaNet) to address it. This framework aims to select a video moment choice from the predefined answer set with the aid of coarse-and-fine choice-query interaction and choice-choice relation construction. A choice-query interactor is proposed to match the visual and textual information simultaneously in sentence-moment and token-moment levels, leading to a coarse-and-fine cross-modal interaction. Moreover, a novel multi-choice relation constructor is introduced by leveraging graph convolution to capture the dependencies among video moment choices for the best choice selection. Extensive experiments on ActivityNet-Captions, TACoS, and Charades-STA demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution. Codes have been available.
COMPARISON OF POLY-L-LACTIDE AND POLY LACTIDE CARBONATE SUTURE ANCHORS ON THE HEALING OF THE OVINE PATELLAR TENDON-TIBIAL ENTHESIS (2009)

Sutures from intraosseous anchors are used to secure soft tissue down onto bone during healing. Increasingly anchors are made from absorbable materials. Poly lactide carbonate (PLC - poly lactide with calcium carbonate) is an absorbable formulation with osteoconductive properties that should enhance both tissue healing and its own replacement by bone over time. An animal model of soft-tissue-to-bone healing was used to assess the efficacy of PLC Bioraptor™ anchors in comparison to anchors of non-osteoconductive poly lactide (PLLA). Forty-seven ewes were used in two groups of PLC or PLLA anchors, surviving to either four or 12 weeks. The patellar tendon was pared off the tibia, the footprint decorticated then the tendon re-attached. An external fixator protected the tendon from load bearing for three weeks. At post mortem the patella/patellar tendon/tibia complex was either prepared for histological examination or stored deep frozen for later measurement of peak load at failure. Non-operated specimens failed within the tendon mid substance; the failure site of healing specimens was dependent on their strength, with the weakest through interpositional granulation tissue, stronger specimens through fibres at various distances from the bone and the strongest, by partial bone avulsion. Active healing of the enthesis consisted of merging regions of a) re-established cortical bone plate; b) advancing mineralization of new, oriented collagen; c) dense, cellular collagen parallel to the tendon axis. Thin new bone was present around both PLLA and PLC anchors. Healing tissues held by PLC suture anchors, were significantly stronger by 12 weeks than those held by PLLA anchors, possibly due to the calcium carbonate in the PLC anchor. However, the macroscopic and microscopic appearances of the healing tissues seemed little different between the two groups. This study indicates that PLC is a suitable replacement for PLLA in the fabrication of suture anchors. As well as its ability to produce stronger healing tissues, PLC has a shorter longevity in vivo and longer term is replaced by bone.
Phantom evaluations of nonlinear inversion MR elastography (2018)

This study evaluated non-linear inversion MRE (NLI-MRE) based on viscoelastic governing equations to determine its sensitivity to small, low contrast inclusions and interface changes in shear storage modulus and damping ratio. Reconstruction parameters identical to those used in recent in vivo MRE studies of mechanical property variations in small brain structures were applied. NLI-MRE was evaluated on four phantoms with contrast in stiffness and damping ratio. Image contrast to noise ratio was assessed as a function of inclusion diameter and property contrast, and edge and line spread functions were calculated as measures of imaging resolution. Phantoms were constructed from silicone, agar, and tofu materials. Reconstructed property estimates were compared with independent mechanical testing using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The NLI-MRE technique detected inclusions as small as 8 mm with a stiffness contrast as low as 14%. Storage modulus images also showed an interface edge response distance of 11 mm. Damping ratio images distinguished inclusions with a diameter as small as 8 mm, and yielded an interface edge response distance of 10 mm. Property differences relative to DMA tests were in the 15%-20% range in most cases. In this study, NLI-MRE storage modulus estimates resolved the smallest inclusion with the lowest stiffness contrast, and spatial resolution of attenuation parameter images was quantified for the first time. These experiments and image quality metrics establish quantitative guidelines for the accuracy expected in vivo for MRE images of small brain structures, and provide a baseline for evaluating future improvements to the NLI-MRE pipeline.
Potent and Specific Activators for Mitochondrial Sirtuins Sirt3 and Sirt5 (2022)

Sirtuins are NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent protein deacylases involved in metabolic regulation and aging-related diseases. Specific activators for seven human Sirtuin isoforms would be important chemical tools and potential therapeutic drugs. Activators have been described for Sirt1 and act via a unique N-terminal domain of this isoform. For most other Sirtuin isoforms, including mitochondrial Sirt3-5, no potent and specific activators have yet been identified. We here describe the identification and characterization of 1,4-dihydropyridine-based compounds that either act as pan Sirtuin activators or specifically stimulate Sirt3 or Sirt5. The activators bind to the Sirtuin catalytic cores independent of NAD<sup>+</sup> and acylated peptides and stimulate turnover of peptide and protein substrates. The compounds also activate Sirt3 or Sirt5 in cellular systems regulating, e.g., apoptosis and electron transport chain. Our results provide a scaffold for potent Sirtuin activation and derivatives specific for Sirt3 and Sirt5 as an excellent basis for further drug development.
Increased AMPA-sensitive quisqualate receptor binding and reduced NMDA receptor binding in epileptic human hippocampus (1991)

Based on results from the kindling model of epilepsy, we hypothesized that enhanced binding of radioligands to the NMDA receptor and decreased binding to the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)-sensitive quisqualate (ASQ) receptor would be found within epileptic hippocampi of humans with complex partial epilepsy (CPE). To test these hypotheses, we used tissue that was surgically removed from patients with intractable CPE, and control tissue that was obtained at autopsy. We used autoradiographic techniques to measure ASQ receptor binding (with 3H-AMPA as the radioligand) and binding to 2 sites on the NMDA receptor/channel complex: the agonist recognition site (with 3H-glutamate) and the phencyclidine (PCP) binding site that resides within the NMDA channel [with 3H-N-(1-[thienyl]cyclohexyl) piperidine (TCP) in the presence of saturating concentrations of NMDA and glycine]. Measurements of receptor binding were corrected for pathologic alterations in neuronal density. Contrary to our expectations, ASQ receptor binding was significantly increased (100%; p less than 0.02) in the dentate gyrus stratum moleculare in patients with CPE (n = 8), and it was unchanged in other hippocampal regions. In nearby sections from the same specimens, binding was significantly decreased to the agonist recognition site of the NMDA receptor in the stratum oriens of area CA3 (46%; p less than 0.05) and was also decreased to the PCP site in the stratum radiatum and stratum oriens of CA3 (44% and 74%, respectively; p less than 0.05). The increase in ASQ receptor binding may contribute to hyperexcitability in these epileptic patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)