gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gelation of milks of different species (dairy cattle, goat, sheep, red deer, and water buffalo) using glucono-δ-lactone and pepsin (2020)

Dynamic low-amplitude oscillatory rheology was used to study the gelation properties of skim milk gels made at 37°C, using glucono-δ-lactone alone (acid gels) or a combination of glucono-δ-lactone and porcine pepsin ("combination gels"). The protein contents of the skim milks increased in the order goat milk < cattle milk < buffalo milk < sheep milk < deer milk, whereas the average casein micelle diameters increased in the order cattle milk < buffalo milk < goat milk < sheep milk ≃ deer milk. The gelation pH (4.55-4.73) of all milks were close to the isoelectric pH (4.6) of casein, except for buffalo milk, which had a significantly higher gelation pH (5.72). The storage moduli (G') of the acid gels increased with time in the milks of all species except for buffalo milk, for which a double peak in G' was observed. The final storage moduli after 6 h (G'<sub>final</sub>) increased in the order goat milk < cattle milk < sheep milk < deer milk < buffalo milk. In general, for the combination gels, the G'<sub>final</sub> values and the gelation pH increased to variable extents, except for goat milk. Confocal scanning laser microscopy showed that goat milk and cattle milk formed gels with more open protein networks compared with the dense clustered protein networks of the milks with high protein content (buffalo, sheep, and deer milks). This study indicates that milks from different species respond differently under the action of an acid precursor and pepsin. These results can be used to provide a better understanding of curd making and the digestion properties of noncattle milks.
Water resources utilization in an irrigation project in India (1988)

Quantitative information on the adequacy of current operating procedures and available water resources in a typical major irrigation project in India (the Mahi Right Bank Canal project in Gujarat, India) is provided by comparing monthly and seasonal irrigation demands with canal releases and groundwater draught over a four‐year period. A strategy based on water conservation and the use of groundwater in the monsoon season for the full exploitation of reservoir potential in the subsequent seasons is proposed.
A Stable Algorithm for Solving the Multifacility Location Problem Involving Euclidean Distances (1980)

There is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary interest in the application of location models to real life problems. Unfortunately, the current methods used to solve the most popular minisum and minimax location problems are computationally inadequate. A more unified and numerically stable approach for solving these problems is proposed. Detailed analysis is done for the linearly constrained Euclidean distance minisum problem for facilities located in a plane. Preliminary computational experience suggests that this approach compares favourably with other methods.
Optically Active 2,3‐Allenoates via Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Enantioenriched Propargylic Mesylates (2013)

Abstract Under mild conditions, optically active 2,3‐allenoates were synthesized from enantioenriched propargylic mesylates with moderate to excellent yields and high efficiency of chirality transfer by using palladium(0) bis(dibenzylideneacetone) (3 mol%) with ( S )‐(−)‐5,5′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐4,4′‐bi‐1,3‐benzodioxole [( S )‐SEGPHOS] (3 mol%) as the catalyst and diammonium hydrogen phosphate (1.1 equiv .) as the base.
A retrospective analysis on monitoring results of serum phenobarbital concentration in children with epilepsy (2010)

OBJECTIVE To approach the correlations of phenobarbital concentration in serum with clinical therapeutic effect,dosage,sex,age and body weight in epileptic children.METHODS Our hospital's 127 cases/times monitoring records of serum phenobarbital concentration in children with epilepsy were consulted retrospectively and data as drug concentration,sex,age etc were put into data base,which were analyzed and treated by SPSS(13.0)software.RESULTS No significant correlation was noted between serum phenobarbital concentration in epileptic children and sex,however it was correlated with dosage,age and body weight.CONCLUSION The metabolic processes of phenobarbital was concerned with age and body weight,so it's necessary to give individualized remedy according to monitoring results and patients' specific condition.
How to experimentally evaluate the adiabatic condition for quantum annealing (2022)

We propose an experimental method for evaluating the adiabatic condition during quantum annealing (QA), which will be essential for solving practical problems. The adiabatic condition consists of the transition matrix element and the energy gap, and our method simultaneously provides information about these components without diagonalizing the Hamiltonian. The key idea is to measure the power spectrum of a time domain signal by adding an oscillating field during QA, and we can estimate the values of the transition matrix element and energy gap from the measurement output. Our results provides a powerful experimental basis for analyzing the performance of QA.
Nuclear Spin Diffusion Mediated by Heavy Hole Hyperfine Non-Collinear Interactions (2014)

We show that the hyperfine mediated dynamics of heavy hole states confined in neutral self- assembled quantum dots leads to a nuclear spin diffusion mechanism. It is found that the oftentimes neglected effective heavy hole hyperfine non-collinear interaction is responsible for the low degree of nuclear spin polarization in neutral quantum dots. Moreover, our results demonstrate that after pumping the nuclear spin state is left in a complex mixed state, from which it is not straightforward to deduce the sign of the Ising-like interactions.
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus-based surface display system for recombinant proteins (2003)

We describe here the development of a 'eukaryotic display system' for heterologous proteins on the viral and host cell surfaces using Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). The reporter gene gfp (green fluorescent protein) was fused to either the gp64 gene encoding the full-length BmNPV envelope protein GP64 or to its 5' region encoding only the N-terminal domain harbouring the signal sequence, and recombinant viruses expressing the corresponding fusion proteins under the strong viral polyhedrin promoter were generated. On infection of the host insect B. mori or the host-derived BmN cells with the full-length GP64-GFP virus, abundant expression of the recombinant protein and its display on the cell surface were achieved. The fusion protein was also a component of the budded virions. Thus, the BmNPV-based display system provides an alternative to the previously established Autographa californica multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus display system. The recombinant virus expressing GFP has also been used in preliminary pathological investigations on virus infection in B. mori and provides a simple method for screening for antiviral agents.
Multimodal Deep Neural Networks using Both Engineered and Learned Representations for Biodegradability Prediction (2018)

Deep learning algorithms excel at extracting patterns from raw data, and with large datasets, they have been very successful in computer vision and natural language applications. However, in other domains, large datasets on which to learn representations from may not exist. In this work, we develop a novel multimodal CNN-MLP neural network architecture that utilizes both domain-specific feature engineering as well as learned representations from raw data. We illustrate the effectiveness of such network designs in the chemical sciences, for predicting biodegradability. DeepBioD, a multimodal CNN-MLP network is more accurate than either standalone network designs, and achieves an error classification rate of 0.125 that is 27% lower than the current state-of-the-art. Thus, our work indicates that combining traditional feature engineering with representation learning can be effective, particularly in situations where labeled data is limited.
Closed reduction and minimally invasive surgical treatment of type IIIa fragility fractures of the pelvis associated with ipsilateral periprosthetic femur fracture: A case report (2020)

Patients with fragility fractures of the pelvic ring (FFP) are elderly and, from the perspective of surgical invasion, percutaneous and stable fixation may be a superior surgical method than open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). While in the case of FFP type IIIa, ORIF, as a rule, typically requires open reduction of the displaced ilium via an anterior intrapelvic approach and/or lateral window of the ilioinguinal approach. We have reported here the case of an 89-year-old woman who suffered from FFP type IIIa with ipsilateral periprosthetic femur fracture that was surgically treated. The iliac fracture was approached in a minimally invasive manner using the traction operation while preparing for femoral shaft fracture surgery, which did not require open reduction, and showed favorable outcomes.
Abstract 211: GAMES (Glyburide Advantage in Malignant Edema and Stroke) Pilot Study (2013)

Introduction: Malignant infarction is characterized by the formation of cerebral edema, and decompressive craniectomy (DC) is the only proven therapy. The NC (Ca-ATP) channel, regulated by the SUR1 receptor, is blocked by the sulfonylurea drug glyburide, which attenuates brain water content in preclinical models of large stroke. A phase I study has been safely completed. We assessed the hypothesis that a pilot study of RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection) in patients at high risk for malignant infarction was safe and feasible. Methods: The objective of this four-center prospective, open label, phase IIa trial was to assess the safety and feasibility of treating severe anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients with RP-1127, whether or not treated with IV rtPA. The study enrolled patients with a baseline MRI DWI lesion between 82 cm3 and 210 cm3, age 18-80 years, and time from symptom onset to drug infusion of ≤ 10 hours. Patients received a RP-1127 bolus followed by continuous infusion for 72 hours. Results: Recruitment of 10 patients was completed within 9.6 months. The mean initial DWI lesion volume was 102 ± 23 cm3. There were no serious adverse events related to the drug. The incidence of malignant edema was 20%, compared to 88% in a prospective observational study with DWI ≥82 cm3. Further, 8/10 patients did not require any bolus osmotherapy or DC. The mean increase in ipsilateral hemisphere volume was 50±33 cm3 compared to historical controls of 71.5±27 cm3. The proportion of 30 day mRS ≤ 4 was 90% compared to 23.8% (at 12 months) in control patients from a pooled analysis of DC trials. Conclusions: These findings suggest that a Phase II trial for patients at risk of malignant infarction is feasible and will provide important insights into the safety and potential efficacy of RP-1127.
1‐Azaadamantane aus substituierten Phloroglucinen (1985)

Abstract Die 1‐Azaadamantanderivate 3 werden aus substituierten Phloroglucinen 2 und Hexamethylentetramin einstufig synthetisiert. Die speziellen chemischen Eigenschaften werden an der Boranatreduktion zum Borankomplex 4 sowie der stereoselektiven Reduktion zum Triol 6 demonstriert. 6 liefert mit Trimethoxymethan den Orthoester 8 .
Using C60-bodipy dyads that show strong absorption of visible light and long-lived triplet excited states as organic triplet photosensitizers for triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (2012)

The synthesis of visible light-harvesting C60-bodipy dyads (bodipy = boron-dipyrromethene), and the study of the photophysical properties and the application of dyads as heavy-atom free organic triplet photosensitizers for triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) based upconversion, are reported. By attaching carbazole units to the π-core of the bodipy chromophore via an ethynyl linker, the absorption wavelength of the antenna in the dyads is readily tuned from 504 nm for the unsubstituted bodipy, to 538 nm (one carbazole unit, ε = 61 800 M−1 cm−1) and 597 nm (two carbazole units, ε = 58 200 M−1 cm−1). Upon photoexcitation at 538 nm (dyad C-1) or 597 nm (dyad C-2), intramolecular energy transfer from the antenna to the C60 unit occurs, and as a result, the singlet excited state of the C60 unit is populated. Subsequently, with the intrinsic intersystem crossing (ISC) of C60, the triplet excited state of the C60 unit is produced (τT up to 24.5 μs). Thus, without the need for any heavy atoms, the triplet excited state of the dyads was populated upon visible light excitation. The population of the C60-localized triplet excited state of the dyads was confirmed by nanosecond time-resolved transient difference absorption spectra and spin density analysis. The dyads were used as triplet photosensitizers for TTA upconversion and upconversion quantum yields of up to 2.9% were observed.
A simple method to heparinize biological materials (1986)

A new method was developed inducing antithrombogenicity to biologic materials. A basic protein, protamine, was used to increase heparin binding to collagenous materials. Protamine sulfate solution was poured into a collagen-rich material (porcine ureter). The protamine adsorbed to the collagen was then cross-linked to the material by glutaraldehyde. The collagen-protamine complex was then interacted with a heparin solution to ionically bind heparin to the material. The amount and the distribution of the bound heparin can be controlled by changing the protamine fixation to the material. A heparinized porcine ureter as a vascular substitute showed excellent antithrombogenicity in experimental animal studies. This method is expected to be used as method for developing antithrombogenic artificial organs, and as a method for the development of antiadhesive membranes.
Blocking HIV co-receptors by chemokines. (1999)

Specific chemokines can block HIV entry and replication because they antagonize the common strategy of lentiviruses to use chemokine receptors for infecting CD4+ cells of the body, especially lymphocytes and cells of the monocytic lineage. This raised intense academical and therapeutical interest. The antiviral potency of these chemokines is indeed remarkable, but depends on the chemokine and the HIV isolate used. This is because HIV appears to use many co-receptors, alternatively or in addition to the CCR5 co-receptor. These include CCR3, CXCR4, STRL33/Bonzo/TYMSTR, and BOB. The CC chemokines RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and Eotaxin can suppress the replication of CCR5- and CCR3-dependent viruses, while SDF-1 alpha/beta suppresses that of CXCR4-dependent strains. Although no general rule can be drawn at present, it appears that chronic HIV infection may give rise to viruses which, instead of using preferentially or exclusively CCR5, are capable of using more than one co-receptor. This underlines the need for assaying the tropism of primary isolates, using both fusion assays and protection of activated lymphocyte cultures by one or more antiviral chemokines or chemokine antagonists.
A Multiscale Representation Method for Nonrigid Shapes With a Single Closed Contour (2004)

In this paper, we discuss the criteria that should be satisfied by a descriptor for nonrigid shapes with a single closed contour. We then propose a shape representation method that fulfills these criteria. In the proposed approach, contour convexities and concavities at different scale levels are represented using a two-dimensional (2-D) matrix. The representation can be visualized as a 2-D surface, where "hills" and "valleys" represent contour convexities and concavities, respectively. The optimal matching of two shape representations is achieved using dynamic programming and a dissimilarity measure is defined based on this matching. The proposed algorithm is very efficient and invariant to several kinds of transformations including some articulations and modest occlusions. The retrieval performance of the approach is illustrated using the MPEG-7 shape database, which is one of the most complete shape databases currently available. Our experiments indicate that the proposed representation is well suited for object indexing and retrieval in large databases. Furthermore, the representation can be used as a starting point to obtain more compact descriptors.
Correction: Diagnostic Biopsy Does Not Commonly Induce Intratumoral CD8 T Cell Infiltration in Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2012)

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma is a polyomavirus-associated cancer that is strongly linked with T lymphocyte immune suppression in epidemiologic studies. CD8+ T cell infiltration into MCC tumors (intratumoral) has recently been shown to be strongly predictive of improved survival. In contrast, the presence of CD8+ T cells at the border of the tumor (peritumoral) had no independent prognostic value. Spontaneous regression has been reported for MCC approximately one thousand times more often than would be expected given the frequency of this cancer. Many of these events began shortly after biopsy, and in some cases lymphocytic infiltration was described.
Chitinases: An update (2013)

Chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature after cellulose, is found in the exoskeleton of insects, fungi, yeast, and algae, and in the internal structures of other vertebrates. Chitinases are enzymes that degrade chitin. Chitinases contribute to the generation of carbon and nitrogen in the ecosystem. Chitin and chitinolytic enzymes are gaining importance for their biotechnological applications, especially the chitinases exploited in agriculture fields to control pathogens. Chitinases have a use in human health care, especially in human diseases like asthma. Chitinases have wide-ranging applications including the preparation of pharmaceutically important chitooligosaccharides and N-acetyl D glucosamine, preparation of single-cell protein, isolation of protoplasts from fungi and yeast, control of pathogenic fungi, treatment of chitinous waste, mosquito control and morphogenesis, etc. In this review, the various types of chitinases and the chitinases found in different organisms such as bacteria, plants, fungi, and mammals are discussed.
Accuracy and resolution of preform index-profiling by the spatial-filtering method (1981)

Non-destructive determination of the refractive-index profile provides a valuable tool for assessment and quality control of optical-fibre preforms. The spatial-filtering technique allows data to be rapidly and conveniently acquired, and we have reported high-resolution profiling of both multimode and single-mode preforms by this method, together with comparative results obtained by other means. We report here an assessment of the factors influencing the accuracy and resolution of the technique and outline some of the improvements which have been made.
Marine Fragrance Chemistry (2008)

The main marine message in perfumery is projected by Calone 1951 (7-methyl-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-3(4H)-one). Kraft (Givaudan) and Gaudin (Firmenich) further maximized the marine fragrance molecular membership by extending the carbon chain of the 7-Me group. Our research targeted the polar group of the benzodioxepinone parent compound to investigate how this region of molecular makeup resonates with the dominant marine fragrance of the Calone 1951 structure. The olfactory evaluation of analogues prepared by chemical modification or removal of the CO group resulted in the introduction of aldehydic, sweet and floral-fruity notes with a diluted/diminished potency of the marine odor. To further analyze the olfactory properties of benzodioxepinones containing a diverse range of aromatic ring substituents, a novel synthesis route was developed. We found that a 7-alkyl group in Calone 1951 was essential for the maintenance of the significant marine odor characteristic, and our studies support the concept that the odorant structure occupying the hydrophobic binding pocket adjacent to the aromatic ring-binding site of the olfactory receptor is pivotal in the design and discovery of more potent and characteristic marine fragrances. How the structure of benzodioxepinones connects to marine sea-breeze fragrances is our continuing challenging research focus at the chemistry-biology interface.
The use of latex rubber‐modified polystyrene as a model system for HIPS: Effect of particle size (1993)

Abstract The effect of particle size in high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) is difficult to determine because of a size polydispersity and changes in particle morphology during the HIPS synthesis process. In this study, poly( n ‐butyl acrylate) rubber core/polystyrene shell particles were made by emulsion polymerization methods such that the only difference was in particle diameter, which ranged from 0.4 to 6.2 μm. The latexes were subsequently incorporated into a polystyrene matrix to form a toughened composite that acted as a simple model for HIPS. Charpy impact energies (notched and unnotched) of the composites showed that there was no toughening for particle sizes less than 2μm in diameter. The optimal impact energy was obtained with particle diameters in the region of 2–3 μm at 8 wt % rubber loading. The results imply that craze stabilization is the most important aspect of the toughening process. A simple toughening model based on the crack opening displacement of craze breakdown between adjacent rubber particles is suggested, with interparticle distance as the most important variable. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Charge Transport in Arrays of Semiconductor Gamma-Ray Detectors (1995)

We analyze the effects of electrode size on performance of arrays of semiconductor gamma-ray detectors, especially when there is significant charge trapping. With large electrodes, motions of holes and electrons are of equal importance, but when the positive electrode is segmented into an array of small elements the contributions of holes to the output, and hence the effects of hole trapping, are much less significant. The implications of this analysis for the design of practical detector arrays are discussed, and some preliminary experimental verification of the theory is presented.
Automated Solder Inspection Technique for BGA-Mounted Substrates by Means of Oblique Computed Tomography (2007)

High-density large-scale integration (LSI) packages such as ball grid arrays (BGAs) are being utilized in car electronics and communication infrastructure products. These products require a high speed and reliable inspection technique for their solder joints. Oblique computed tomography (OCT) was proposed as a novel imaging technique for BGA-mounted substrates, and it is being introduced in many manufacturing factories. Although operators examine OCT images manually, the establishment of an automated inspection technique is required from the viewpoint of an operator's load and the fluctuation of the inspection results. In this paper, a novel automated solder inspection technique by means of OCT is proposed. This technique consists of position adjustment, bump extraction, character extraction and judgement. Moreover, by combining five characteristic features, the condition of a solder bump was determined in computer algorithm. In this paper, linear discriminate analysis and an artificial neural network technique are introduced as the determination methods. In the experiments, these techniques are evaluated by using actual BGA-mounted substrates. The correct rate of inspection reached 99.7% in both the determination methods, which clearly indicates that proposed method may be useful in practice.