gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the class 1 outer membrane proteins of eight serological reference strains of Neisseria meningitidis (1991)

Primers suitable for the amplification of the gene encoding the class 1 outer membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were designed from published DNA sequences and used to study the gene in eight meningococcal strains of different serogroup, serotype and subtype. At high annealing stringency one product, shown to correspond to the class 1 protein gene, was amplified from each strain. For three strains an additional smaller product, provisionally identified as the gene encoding the class 3 outer membrane protein, was amplified at lower annealing stringencies. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the PCR products corresponding to the class 1 proteins established the differences in the primary structure of the proteins between each of the subtypes and other outer-membrane proteins from Neisseria spp. These differences impose constraints on possible structural models of these proteins. Most amino acid sequence variation occurred in two domains of between 8 and 17 amino acids; there was an additional region which varied mainly between classes of outer membrane protein and there were nine conserved regions. Using appropriate primers it was possible to distinguish between class 1 outer membrane protein genes from strains of different subtypes by the PCR.
Photothermal monitoring of interaction of carcinoma cells with cytostatic drugs in vitro (2003)

Background/problem. Monitoring of tumor response to cancer chemotherapy and dose optimization for specific patients are the key factors for successful application of anti-tumor drugs. Using patient's tumor cells for preliminary in vitro drug screening may allow optimal selection of drug type and dose. Method. Single cell state was studied with photothermal microscope. Carcinoma cells were irradiated at 427 nm with 8 ns laser pulse with energy 30 - 40 &mu;J. Cell photothermal (PT) response amplitude and shape from each cell were analyzed and amount of cells that produced specific PT response was used as PT parameter. Parallel experiment included cell viability control. Results were obtained for two cytotoxic chemotherapy agents -- Platinol-aq and Adrucil. Incubation of cell suspensions for 90 min at 20 and 37&deg;C caused changes in cell PT parameters. Reaction of carcinoma cells to the drug was very similar to reaction of hepatocytes to respiratory chain inhibition and reaction of RBC to osmotic pressure decrease. PT effect was found to be dose-dependent. PT method allows detecting drug-induced changes before cell death or morphological changes and therefore can be fast and sensitive modality for control of chemotherapy.
Behind the Screen: How a Simple Seedling Response Helped Unravel Ethylene Signaling in Plants (2019)

In 1901, Dimitry Neljubov demonstrated that ethylene caused altered growth of etiolated pea ( Pisum sativum ) seedlings, a morphology that by 1913 came to be referred to as the “triple response.” This response was utilized by Guzman and Ecker in a genetic screen designed to identify mutants
Development of a Protocol for Triple Labeling of MAP-2, Fluoro-Jade, and DAPI in a Single Paraffin-Embedded Rat Brain Section (2005)

The present study was conducted to develop a protocol for triple labeling of MAP-2, Fluoro-Jade, and DAPI to evaluate the pathological consequences of nerve agent toxicity in the rat model. Brains of rats subcutaneously challenged with a single injection of soman were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and sectioned. Following microwave antigen retrieval, sections were stained with MAP-2 monoclonal antibody to evaluate changes in dendritic processes, with Fluoro-Jade to examine the degree of neuronal cell degeneration or death, and with DAPI to assess the number of viable nuclei. Control hippocampus showed typical MAP-2 immunofluorescence localized predominantly in dendritic processes, numerous DAPI positive nuclei, and absence of Fluoro-Jade positive neurons. In the hippocampus of soman-exposed rats, Fluoro-Jade positive cells were detected in areas where MAP-2 immunofluorescence was lost and the number of DAPI positive nuclei was decreased. The results suggest that our triple labeling technique is effective for simultaneously examining MAP-2, Fluoro-Jade, and DAPI fluorescence in the same section, thus reducing the number of sections necessary to comprehensively evaluate dendritic pathology, neurodegeneration, and neuronal loss. More importantly, the technique permits precise anatomical merging of MAP-2, Fluoro-Jade, and DAPI images, which cannot be accomplished when these stains are performed separately on serial sections.
Convolutional Neural Network-based Place Recognition (2014)

Recently Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance on various classification tasks. In this paper, we present for the first time a place recognition technique based on CNN models, by combining the powerful features learnt by CNNs with a spatial and sequential filter. Applying the system to a 70 km benchmark place recognition dataset we achieve a 75% increase in recall at 100% precision, significantly outperforming all previous state of the art techniques. We also conduct a comprehensive performance comparison of the utility of features from all 21 layers for place recognition, both for the benchmark dataset and for a second dataset with more significant viewpoint changes.
Advancements in imaging in ChILD (2023)

Interstitial and diffuse lung diseases in children constitute a range of congenital and acquired disorders. These disorders present with signs and symptoms of respiratory disease accompanied by diffuse radiographic changes. In many cases, radiographic findings are nonspecific, while in other disorders, chest computed tomography (CT) is diagnostic in the appropriate context. Regardless, chest imaging remains central in the evaluation of the patient with suspected childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD). Several newly described chILD entities, spanning both genetic and acquired etiologies, have imaging that aid in their diagnoses. Advances in CT scanning technology and CT analysis techniques continue to improve scan quality as well as expand use of chest CT as a research tool. Finally, ongoing research is expanding use of imaging modalities without ionizing radiation. Magnetic resonance imaging is being applied to investigate pulmonary structure and function, and ultrasound of the lung and pleura is a novel technique with an emerging role in chILD disorders. This review describes the current state of imaging in chILD including recently described diagnoses, advances in conventional imaging techniques and applications, and evolving new imaging modalities that expand the clinical and research roles for imaging in these disorders.
Vacuum-Packaging Technology for IRFPAs (2010)

We developed vacuum-packaging equipment and low-cost vacuum packaging technology for IRFPAs. The equipment is versatile and can process packages with various materials and structures. Getters are activated before vacuum packaging, and we can solder caps/ceramic-packages and caps/windows in a high-vacuum condition using this equipment. We also developed a micro-vacuum gauge to measure pressure in vacuum packages. The micro-vacuum gauge uses the principle of thermal conduction of gases. We use a multi-ceramic package that consists of six packages fabricated on a ceramic sheet, and confirm that the pressure in the processed packages is sufficiently low for high-performance IRFPA.
Study on morphology, molecular weight and thermal properties of composite microspheres prepared by controlling feeding ways and reaction time (2017)

ABSTRACT The application of composite microspheres closely lies on their morphology and properties. In this work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced composite microspheres were prepared via in situ polymerization: methyl methacrylate was selected as matrix to copolymerize with cationic comonomer 2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, using CNTs as nanofillers to fabricate composite microspheres. The morphology, molecular weight, and thermal properties of obtained composite microspheres with different monomer feeding ways (batch polymerization and dropwise monomer feeding procedure) and reaction time (1–6 h) were investigated. The results revealed that dropwise monomer feeding procedure leaded to remarkably decreased diameter of composite microspheres. Compared with polymer microspheres, the addition of CNTs resulted in earlier formation of composite microspheres. When the reaction time was controlled for 1–6 h, the morphology of the composite microspheres underwent a shape change from deformed particles to spherical structure. Although reaction time had no significant effect on molecular weight, the thermal property was gradually improved with increase of reaction time. For ensuring the effectiveness of the produced composite microspheres and tailoring them for any specific application, our investigation shows significant reference value on choosing feeding ways and controlling reaction time to obtain different morphology microspheres. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135 , 45741.
Graphene nano-ribbon (GNR) interconnects: A genuine contender or a delusive dream? (2008)

This paper presents a comprehensive conductance and delay analysis of graphene nano-ribbon (GNR) interconnects. The conductance model of GNR is derived using a simple tight binding model and the linear response Landauer formula. Several GNR structures are examined, and the conductance among them and other interconnect materials (copper, tungsten and carbon nanotubes) is compared. Impact of different model parameters (mean free path, Fermi level and edge specularity) on the conductance is discussed. An RLC equivalent circuit model is defined to analyze both global and local GNR interconnect delays. The results reveal that till the very end of ITRS'07 roadmap, GNRs cannot match the performance of global level copper or SWCNTs, unless multiple layers along with proper intercalation doping is used and specular nano-ribbon edge is achieved. However, multi-layer zigzag edged GNRs (zz-GNRs) can be comparable to copper at the local level, and can have much better performance than that of tungsten, implying possible application as local interconnects.
Oxidative Half-reaction of Arabidopsis thaliana Sulfite Oxidase (2009)

Vertebrate forms of the molybdenum-containing enzyme sulfite oxidase possess a b-type cytochrome prosthetic group that accepts reducing equivalents from the molybdenum center and passes them on to cytochrome c. The plant form of the enzyme, on the other hand, lacks a prosthetic group other than its molybdenum center and utilizes molecular oxygen as the physiological oxidant. Hydrogen peroxide is the ultimate product of the reaction. Here, we present data demonstrating that superoxide is produced essentially quantitatively both in the course of the reaction of reduced enzyme with O(2) and during steady-state turnover and only subsequently decays (presumably noncatalytically) to form hydrogen peroxide. Rapid-reaction kinetic studies directly following the reoxidation of reduced enzyme demonstrate a linear dependence of the rate constant for the reaction on [O(2)] with a second-order rate constant of k(ox) = 8.7 x 10(4) +/- 0.5 x 10(4) m(-1)s(-1). When the reaction is carried out in the presence of cytochrome c to follow superoxide generation, biphasic time courses are observed, indicating that a first equivalent of superoxide is generated in the oxidation of the fully reduced Mo(IV) state of the enzyme to Mo(V), followed by a slower oxidation of the Mo(V) state to Mo(VI). The physiological implications of plant sulfite oxidase as a copious generator of superoxide are discussed.
Solid‐State Ionics: Roots, Status, and Future Prospects (2002)

This review represents the authors' view of the evolution of solid‐state ionics over approximately the past 100 years. A brief history, introducing milestones of the development of this discipline, is followed by a short summary of the theory of ionic conduction in the bulk and the more recently developed theory of ionic conduction at interfaces. The central part of the article gives examples of ionic‐conducting materials systems with structures ranging from one‐ to three‐dimensional disorder. Important experimental techniques for analyzing ionic conduction, including alternating‐current impedance spectroscopy, direct‐current coulometry, and direct‐current current‐voltage measurements with blocking electrodes, are also summarized. The main technological applications, that is, batteries, solid‐oxide fuel cells, electrochemical sensors, electrochromic windows, and oxygen‐separation membranes, are reviewed. Finally, new concepts in solid‐state ionics are presented, including the investigation of new materials (such as nanostructured phases), the study of boundaries (for example, using microelectrodes), the development of computational techniques, and the connections with other classes of materials (notably magnetic and semiconducting materials).
Fabrication and characteristics of submicron tunneling junctions on high Tc superconducting c-axis thin films and single crystals (2001)

We report successful fabrication and characteristics of submicron-size tunneling junctions using c-axis YBa2Cu3O7−y (YBCO) thin films of 800 nm thickness and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ(Bi-2212) single-crystal whiskers. The junctions were made using a three-dimensional focused-ion-beam etching method. First, a microbridge was patterned in a required junction width by normal direction etching. By tilting the sample stage up to 90°, two grooves on the bridge were etched from the lateral direction in order to create the required junction size. The 60 K YBCO junctions did not show any degradation of critical current density (Jc) down to an in-plane area of 0.5 μm2 and showed current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the collective switching transition from the zero voltage state to the resistive state. For Bi-2212 stacks smaller than 1 μm2, we identified some of the features of charging effects on the I–V characteristics.
Endoscopic Fourier-domain angle-resolved low coherence interferometry for assessing nuclear morphology in human epithelial tissues (2006)

Endoscopic Fourier-domain angle-resolved low coherence interferometry has been developed for depth resolved light scattering spectroscopy. System capabilities are demonstrated by determining the nuclei size in tissue phantoms, cell cultures and ex vivo human esophageal epithelium.
R&D and Productivity Growth (2001)

This study investigates the long-term effects of various types of R&D on multifactor productivity growth, which is the spillover effect of R&D.Econometric estimates are conducted on a panel of 16 OECD countries, over the period 1980-98.All results are averages over countries and time, and little can be said about country specificities.Major results are as follows: an increase of 1% in business R&D generates 0.13% in productivity growth.The effect is larger in countries which are intensive in business R&D, and in countries where the share of defence-related government funding is lower; a 1% increase in foreign R&D generates 0.44% in productivity growth, and the effect is larger in countries intensive in business R&D; 1% more in public R&D generates 0.17% in productivity growth.The effect is larger in countries where the share of universities (as opposed to government labs) is higher, in countries where the share of defence is lower, and in countries which are intensive in business R&D.Cette étude analyse les effets de long terme de différents types de R-D sur la croissance de la productivité totale des facteurs, qui est l'effet « spillover » de la R-D.Les estimations économétriques sont conduites sur un panel de 16 pays de l'OCDE sur la période 1980-98.Les résultats obtenus sont des moyennes sur l'ensemble des pays et des années, ils ne reflètent pas les spécificités nationales.Les principaux résultats sont les suivants.Un supplément de 1 % de R-D des entreprises engendre une croissance de 0.13 % de la productivité.Cet effet est plus fort dans les pays où les entreprises réalisent plus de R-D, et dans les pays où la part des financements gouvernementaux liés à la défense est plus faible.Un supplément de 1 % de R-D étrangère engendre une croissance de 0.44 % de la productivité, et cet effet est plus fort dans les pays où les entreprises réalisent plus de R-D.Un supplément de 1% de R-D publique engendre une croissance de 0.17 % de la productivité.Cet effet est plus fort dans les pays où la part des universités (par opposition aux laboratoires gouvernementaux) est plus élevée, dans les pays où le poids de la défense est plus faible, et dans les pays où les entreprises réalisent plus de R-D.1.
Clinical relevance of molecular characteristics in Burkitt lymphoma differs according to age (2022)

While survival has improved for Burkitt lymphoma patients, potential differences in outcome between pediatric and adult patients remain unclear. In both age groups, survival remains poor at relapse. Therefore, we conducted a comparative study in a large pediatric cohort, including 191 cases and 97 samples from adults. While TP53 and CCND3 mutation frequencies are not age related, samples from pediatric patients showed a higher frequency of mutations in ID3, DDX3X, ARID1A and SMARCA4, while several genes such as BCL2 and YY1AP1 are almost exclusively mutated in adult patients. An unbiased analysis reveals a transition of the mutational profile between 25 and 40 years of age. Survival analysis in the pediatric cohort confirms that TP53 mutations are significantly associated with higher incidence of relapse (25 ± 4% versus 6 ± 2%, p-value 0.0002). This identifies a promising molecular marker for relapse incidence in pediatric BL which will be used in future clinical trials.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Plays an Essential Role in Determining Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in a Mouse Model (1991)

We examined the importance of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in a mouse model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Mice of the C57BL/6 strain were instilled intranasally 3 days/wk for 3 wk with 150 micrograms of the actinomycete Faenia rectivirgula (Micropolyspora faeni) to induce HP as a model of farmer's lung. This experimental model was associated with a progressive inflammation in the lungs of challenged mice, seen histologically as cellular infiltrates of large quantities of macrophages and lymphocytes and some neutrophils. The disease in challenged mice treated with a control rabbit serum was also associated with a substantial release of tumor TNF-alpha (up to 80 U/ml of TNF-alpha in the bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] at 3 wk after beginning of treatment) and interleukin-1, which peaked at 1 wk (approximately 300 U/ml) and diminished thereafter. A very large increase in BAL cell number (11-fold increase versus saline controls) and an enhanced release potential for TNF-alpha by alveolar macrophages was also seen. Lung fibrosis was also evident in challenged animals, as demonstrated by a 2-fold increase in hydroxyproline levels. Infusion of challenged mice with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against TNF-alpha (2 mg/wk) completely abrogated the disease, as mice so treated had normal lung histology. Anti-TNF-alpha blocked cellular recruitment in the lungs (only a 2-fold increase at week 3); it also completely abolished TNF-alpha secretion in the BAL and drastically reduced interleukin-1 levels in this fluid. Anti-TNF-alpha also abolished lung index increases and lung fibrosis, with both parameters similar to that of saline-instilled mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Compensation schemes for phase noise and residual frequency offset in OFDM systems (2002)

It is shown that a random phase noise Wiener process and a fixed but unknown residual (post-FFT) frequency offset, jointly perturbing an OFDM receiver, manifest themselves as a phase-rotation random variable which is common to all subcarriers, provided that their defining values (variance and fixed amount, respectively) are small, in which case the ICI (intercarrier interference) and the per-subcarrier amplitude distortion induced by them are both negligible. Assuming a known arbitrary channel profile, we propose and evaluate by simulations two decision-directed (i.e., non-pilot-based) compensation schemes, one intuitive and the other based on ML theory. The algorithms exhibit robustness despite the lack of pilots, whereas uncompensated performance degrades rapidly.
THE CYCLICAL NATURE OF RESIDENTIAL HOUSING MARKETS Pacific Rim Real Estate Society Eighth Annual Conference Christchurch, 21-23 January 2002 (2002)

Cycles are an integral part of most capitalist societies. They are openly acknowledged and researched in certain real estate segments, such as the commercial office market. Although the 'seven year cycle' is often discussed in regards to residential real estate, there has been relatively little research undertaken in this area. Therefore this paper seeks to fill this void by commencing an investigation into residential housing market cycles. It commences with an overview of established theories in cycle research. An analysis of a large number of Brisbane suburbs over an extended time period was then undertaken using Fourier Analysis. The results suggested cycles were observed in a number of Brisbane suburbs, with consideration also given to differences in spatial patterns and property values.
Ink-jet Printing for the Fabrication of a Flexible Electrochromic Device Based on the Water-Soluble Viologen-Functionalized Dendrimer (2021)

This paper reports the preparation of an ink-jet printed flexible electrochromic device based on a water-soluble viologenfunctionalized dendrimer. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were modified with different concentrations of 1-1 bis(propylamine)-4,4'-bipyridylium dibromides to obtain solution-processable electrochromic materials (K 1/2 and K 1 ). FTIR, NMR, and elemental analyses are used to characterize synthesized viologens. Moreover, their electrochemical properties were investigated using cyclic voltammetry in an electrolyte solution consisting of 0.1 M HCl to find the optimum viologens. The low-cost ink-jet printer was used to print the prepared water-soluble electrochromic inks onto the ITO coated PET substrate to form desired transparent patterns. The electrolyte was applied on the printed electrochromic ink to make a sandwich with another ITO coated PET to prepare the electrochromic devices (ECD). By applying an electrical potential (0 to -2 V), the transparent ECD's color changed from colorless to blue. The color changes for the optimum ECD (K 1 ), which had more viologen units on the dendrimer, was accompanied by an optical contrast of 47% and 311.5 cm 2 C -1 coloration efficiency at 600 nm.
Monolithic MEMS-CMOS ultrasonic rangefinder based on dual-electrode PMUTs (2016)

A monolithic MEMS-CMOS rangefinder using piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) is presented. A dual-electrode PMUT design is used where the center electrode is driven externally to transmit an ultrasound pulse and the outer ring electrode is used to sense the returning echoes. We designed, fabricated, and characterized devices at two nominal Si thicknesses, 2 μm and 5 μm, designed to operate nominally at 200 kHz and 400 kHz respectively. The devices were fabricated by wafer-scale eutectic bonding of a 0.18 μm CMOS signal processing ASIC to the PMUT array. The ASIC provides each PMUT with a dedicated receiver, resulting in low parasitics and noise. Using the sensor for pulse-echo range finding, the maximum range of a single PMUT was found to be 98 cm round trip at 411 kHz.