gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Skin Diseases Using Deep Neural Networks (2020)

Propensity of skin diseases to manifest in a variety of forms, lack and maldistribution of qualified dermatologists, and exigency of timely and accurate diagnosis call for automated Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD). This study aims at extending previous works on CAD for dermatology by exploring the potential of Deep Learning to classify hundreds of skin diseases, improving classification performance, and utilizing disease taxonomy. We trained state-of-the-art Deep Neural Networks on two of the largest publicly available skin image datasets, namely DermNet and ISIC Archive, and also leveraged disease taxonomy, where available, to improve classification performance of these models. On DermNet we establish new state-of-the-art with 80% accuracy and 98% Area Under the Curve (AUC) for classification of 23 diseases. We also set precedence for classifying all 622 unique sub-classes in this dataset and achieved 67% accuracy and 98% AUC. On ISIC Archive we classified all 7 diseases with 93% average accuracy and 99% AUC. This study shows that Deep Learning has great potential to classify a vast array of skin diseases with near-human accuracy and far better reproducibility. It can have a promising role in practical real-time skin disease diagnosis by assisting physicians in large-scale screening using clinical or dermoscopic images.
Power Supply Noise Sensor Based on Timing Uncertainty Measurements (2012)

In this work, we present a new power supply noise sensor based on timing uncertainty measurements. The proposed sensor can detect power supply noise events in a more accurate way compared to the state of the art solutions. Experimental results validated the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Dynamically regulated transcription factors are encoded by highly unstable mRNAs in the Drosophila larval brain (2023)

The level of each RNA species depends on the balance between its rates of production and decay. Although previous studies have measured RNA decay across the genome in tissue culture and single-celled organisms, few experiments have been performed in intact complex tissues and organs. It is therefore unclear whether the determinants of RNA decay found in cultured cells are preserved in an intact tissue, and whether they differ between neighboring cell types and are regulated during development. To address these questions, we measured RNA synthesis and decay rates genome wide via metabolic labeling of whole cultured <i>Drosophila</i> larval brains using 4-thiouridine. Our analysis revealed that decay rates span a range of more than 100-fold, and that RNA stability is linked to gene function, with mRNAs encoding transcription factors being much less stable than mRNAs involved in core metabolic functions. Surprisingly, among transcription factor mRNAs there was a clear demarcation between more widely used transcription factors and those that are expressed only transiently during development. mRNAs encoding transient transcription factors are among the least stable in the brain. These mRNAs are characterized by epigenetic silencing in most cell types, as shown by their enrichment with the histone modification H3K27me3. Our data suggest the presence of an mRNA destabilizing mechanism targeted to these transiently expressed transcription factors to allow their levels to be regulated rapidly with high precision. Our study also demonstrates a general method for measuring mRNA transcription and decay rates in intact organs or tissues, offering insights into the role of mRNA stability in the regulation of complex developmental programs.
Model-driven runtime resource predictions for advanced mechatronic systems with dynamic data structures. (2011)

The next generation of advanced mechatronic systems is expected to enhance their functionality and improve their performance by context-dependent behavior. Therefore, these systems require to represent information about their complex environment and changing sets of collaboration partners internally. This requirement is in contrast to the usually assumed static structures of embedded systems. In this paper, we present a model-driven approach which overcomes this situation by supporting dynamic data structures while still guaranteeing that valid worst-case execution times can be derived. It supports a flexible resource manager which avoids to operate with the prohibitive coarse worst-case boundaries but instead supports to run applications in different profiles which guarantee different resource requirements and put unused resources in a profile at other applications' disposal. By supporting the proper estimation of worst case execution time (WCET) and worst case number of iteration (WCNI) at runtime, we can further support to create new profiles, add or remove them at runtime in order to minimize the over-approximation of the resource consumption resulting from the dynamic data structures required for the outlined class of advanced systems.
Quality-of-Life Outcomes After Primary Androgen Deprivation Therapy: Results From the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study (2001)

Most endocrine-related health outcomes are similar after surgical versus medical primary hormonal therapy. Stage at diagnosis had little effect on outcomes. These results provide representative information comparing surgical and medical AD therapy that may be used by physicians and patients to inform treatment decisions.
UNUSUAL FEATURES OBSERVED WITHIN A SERIES OF TORNADO PICTURES (1971)

A 1969 Minnesota tornado was photographed by a number of observers at various points along its track. The pictures show an unusual combination of features that might possibly lend visual evidence to theoretical tornado models and such related phenomena as fire whirlwinds.
Evidence of spare A1-adenosine receptors in guinea pig atrioventricular node (1992)

In normoxic, isolated perfused guinea pig hearts instrumented for measurement of atrioventricular nodal conduction time (AVCT), an analysis utilizing the irreversible A1-adenosine (Ado) antagonist, meta-1,3-phenylene diisothiocyanate xanthine amine cogener (m-DITC-XAC), a novel isothiocyanate derivative of 1,3-dialkylxanthine, was used to investigate whether spare A1-Ado receptors exist in the guinea pig atrioventricular (AV) node and the degree of amplification (reserve) between A1-Ado receptor occupancy and dromotropic response (e.g., AVCT slowing). The potency, dose dependency, and kinetic profile (time dependence of washout and washin) of m-DITC-XAC was determined and compared with those of known competitive (reversible) A1-Ado receptor antagonists. In the presence of m-DITC-XAC, Ado and N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) produced submaximal dromotropic responses. In a series of 19 hearts, m-DITC-XAC caused 100% apparent antagonism of the effect of Ado on AVCT even after 60 min of washout. In contrast, greater than 90% of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) and XAC-induced antagonism of the effect of Ado on AVCT dissipated within 35 min. Unlike XAC, which caused maximal attenuation of Ado's AVCT effect within 5 min and remained constant thereafter, m-DITC-XAC showed marked time- and concentration-dependent behavior. It was found that 5 min of 0.5 microM m-DITC-XAC pretreatment irreversibly inactivated 72% of the A1-Ado receptors mediating the dromotropic effect, and the estimated agonist equilibrium dissociation constant for CPA was 84 +/- 4 nM. The percent of spare A1-Ado receptors at the EC50 and extrapolated maximal S-H interval prolongation levels was 20 and 54%, respectively, and the reserve (coupling amplification) varied from 1 to 2.3 within the 0-50% maximal response range. In summary, m-DITC-XAC appears to specifically and irreversibly antagonize the negative dromotropic effect of Ado and CPA, and guinea pig AV nodal tissue possesses spare A1-Ado receptors.
Antitumor Activities ofO-Sulfonated Derivatives of (1→3)-α-D-Glucan from DifferentLentinus edodes (2006)

Four water-insoluble (1-->3)-alpha-D-glucans, coded L-II1, L-II2, L-II3 and L-II4, with different molecular weights were isolated from four kinds of fruiting bodies of Lentinus Edodes. The four alpha-D-glucans were O-sulfonated to obtain derivatives (SL-II) having degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.9 to 2.1 respectively. The structure of the samples was analyzed by infrared spectra, elemental analysis, and 13C NMR. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw), radii of gyration (<s2>z1/2) and intrinsic viscosity ([eta]) of the native alpha-D-glucans and O-sulfonated derivatives were measured by size-exclusion chromatography combined with laser light scattering (SEC-LLS), LLS, and viscometry in 0.2 M aqueous NaCl and in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) containing 0.25 M LiCl at 25 degrees C respectively. The Mw values of the O-sulfonated derivatives were much lower than those of the native alpha-D-glucans. The experimental results indicate that the O-sulfonated derivatives are water-soluble and exist as an expanded flexible chain in aqueous solution owing to intramolecular hydrogen bonding or interaction between charge groups. The in vivo and in vitro antitumor activities of the native alpha-D-glucans and their O-sulfonated derivatives against solid tumor Sarcoma 180 cells were evaluated and compared. Interestingly, all of the O-sulfonated derivatives exhibited higher antitumor activities than those of the native glucans. The results reveal that the effect of O-sulfonation of the alpha-D-glucan on the improvement of their antitumor activities was considerable.
Mammalian Antifertility Agents. III. 1-Aryl-2-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthols, 1-Aryl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalenes, and Their Derivatives1 (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMammalian Antifertility Agents. III. 1-Aryl-2-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthols, 1-Aryl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalenes, and Their Derivatives1Daniel Lednicer, Stanley C. Lyster, Brooke D. Aspergren, and Gordon W. DuncanCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1966, 9, 2, 172–176Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00320a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00320a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Variation in selenoprotein P concentration in serum from different European regions. (1995)

Both the concentration of selenoprotein P as well as its proportion of total serum selenium in adult subjects vary among different European regions. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the physiological or medical implications of these differences.
An experimental-numeric approach to manufacture semiconductor wafer using thick copper front metallization (2020)

Abstract The presented work investigates about the deformation of semiconductor device induced by electrochemical deposited thick copper films. It enhances thermal and electric performances allowing to use copper interconnections without formations of intermetallic layers at the interfaces with consequent reliability improvement. Nevertheless, the induced deformation strongly affects manufacturability, criticizing the integration between different process steps. Experiment based on phase-shift Moiré principle has been performed to better understand the relation between warpage and temperature. Finite element model has been developed to reproduce the phenomenon in order to address the design and the process integration optimizing workability, electrical performances and reliability.
Back Cover: Next‐Generation Polymer Shells for Inorganic Nanoparticles are Highly Compact, Ultra‐Dense, and Long‐Lasting Cyclic Brushes (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 16/2017) (2017)

Next-generation shells for inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are polymeric “shields” designed to last. In their Communication on page 4507 ff., E. M. Benetti et al. have demonstrated that when cyclic polymer ligands are grafted onto inorganic NPs, ultra-dense and highly compact brush shells are generated. Core-cyclic shell NPs are significantly more stable than their linear brush-functionalized counterparts and show full bio-inertness towards serum proteins.
Origin of shear-induced phase transitions in melts of liquid-crystal polymers (2005)

Flow induced mechanical properties are often coupled with instabilities, spurt effects, or induced phase transitions. Recent studies have revealed that side-chain liquid crystal polymers exhibit typically shear-induced phases inside the isotropic (nonmesomorphic) liquid state. We present an experimental approach which brings a new understanding for nonlinear flow behaviors. The strategy consists in comparing the critical times issued from the flow behavior of a liquid-crystal polymer to the equilibrium orientational-order relaxation time was characterized. We demonstrate that shear-induced phases do not originate from a flow coupling to conventional orientational order parameter fluctuations. It does not also correspond to a direct coupling with the viscoelastic terminal time, leading to the conclusion that an additional relaxation process takes place with time scales longer than the terminal time. The identification of a low-frequency elastic plateau by viscoelastic measurements corroborates this conclusion.
High-grade gliomas treated with bevacizumab: Assessment of tumor response with functional MR. (2011)

e12505 Background: High grade gliomas are tumors with a poor prognosis. Bevacizumab (Bvz) is commonly employed for treatment of recurrence and is currently being evaluated as first line therapy. Bvz is known to alter imaging contrast enhancement that is sometime difficult to be interpreted. fMR (Functional Magnetic Resonance) can be used to measure CBV (cerebral blood volume) and vascular permeability and can be employed with widely used MR sequences and software. The goal of this study was to assess CBV and permeability as potentially biomarkers for survival at baseline and after treatment with Bvz. Methods: Retrospective study. Twenty-five patients with recurrent high grade glioma treated with Bvz, were evaluated with fMR at baseline and after treatment. Corticosteroids treatment was noted. All MRI examinations were reviewed by two radiologists reaching consensus about OMS size criteria, qualitative alterations, and quantitative functional criteria: CBV, permeability, calculated with DSC (dynamic susceptibility contrast) MR sequence and DPTools software (published and free available software). Statistical analysis compared actuarial survival with baseline and post Bvz fMR (Kaplan Meier curves). Results: Survival was not statistically related to baseline or post Bvz CBV or permeability (Logrank test: p>5%). There was no significant relationship between corticosteroid dose and vascular permeability at baseline (Spearman test: p>5%). The permeability values significantly decrease after Bvz (median=85%). Survival was not related to initial tumor size but was significantly decreased if the tumor progressed during Bvz treatment (Logrank test: p=0.011). Conclusions: This study confirms the ability of fMRI to demonstrate impact of Bvz on tumor vascular permeability. Our study did not find a significant effect of corticosteroid dose on vascular permeability in these recurrent tumors. CBV and vascular permeability measured by fMRI were not efficient biomarkers of survival in our study. Tumor progression in size remains an indicator of poor prognosis. Further studies are necessary to determine the role of fMRI for the prognostication of gliomas.
0172 Behavioral Drive in Familial Natural Short Sleepers and Their Unaffected Family Members (2022)

Abstract Introduction Those with familial natural short sleep (FNSS) report short sleep duration since youth. Mutations in four different genes in five families have been described leading to this autosomal dominant sleep pattern. Individuals with FNSS also have a cluster of other traits in addition to short sleep than can be termed “behavioral drive.” Here we describe a new behavioral drive scale that aims to capture the distinct phenotype of those with FNSS. Methods Individuals reporting fewer than 6.5 hours of sleep when allowed to sleep ad libitum without any sleep-related complaint were interviewed to determine FNSS affected status from 2009 to 2021. Seven distinct non-sleep related traits were selected by consensus within the study team based on interviews with participants. Participants provided a self-rating on their degree of energy, pain tolerance, physical activity, ability to handle stress, productivity, hours working, and mental activity compared to other of the same age. Symptoms of mania and ADHD were also rated. Results 77 individuals meeting criteria for FNSS were enrolled along with 27 unaffected family members. Compared to unaffected family members, those with FNSS reported significantly more energy, pain tolerance, physical activity, ability to sit still, hours working, and mental activity. There was a trend towards significance for productivity. Four features of bipolar disorder were also queried, reckless decisions, rapid speech, impulsivity, and irritability, and there was no significant difference for any of these items between groups. Two symptoms of ADHD were included, concentration trouble and ability to sit still. Those with FNSS reported less concentration trouble than peers and an equal ability to sit still. Conclusion Those with FNSS have multiple distinct traits including greater energy, pain tolerance, physical activity, ability to handle stress, hours working, and mental activity compared to unaffected family. When grouped together these traits can be titled “behavioral drive.” Further work will aim for validation of this scale in gene carriers and larger populations. Support (If Any) This work was supported by NIH grants NS099333, NS072360 and NS104782 to L.J.P. and Y-H.F., and by the William Bowes Neurogenetics Fund to L.J.P. and Y.H.F.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Terbenzimidazoles as Topoisomerase I Inhibitors (1995)

The synthesis and pharmacological activity of a series of terbenzimidazoles are described. The ability of these derivatives to induce DNA cleavage in the presence of topoisomerase I was evaluated in vitro. These analogs were also assayed for their cytotoxicity in RPMI 8402 cells and the camptothecin-resistant CPT-K5 cells. In addition the potential for these compounds to serve as substrates for MDR1 was also determined. Several terbenzimidazoles exhibited similar cytotoxicity against variants of human tumor cells that either overexpress MDR1 or are camptothecin-resistant.
Investigating the Challenges of Class Imbalance and Scale Variation in Object Detection in Aerial Images (2022)

While object detection is a common problem in computer vision, it is even more challenging when dealing with aerial satellite images. The variety in object scales and orientations can make them difficult to identify. In addition, there can be large amounts of densely packed small objects such as cars. In this project, we propose a few changes to the Faster-RCNN architecture. First, we experiment with different backbones to extract better features. We also modify the data augmentations and generated anchor sizes for region proposals in order to better handle small objects. Finally, we investigate the effects of different loss functions. Our proposed design achieves an improvement of 4.7 mAP over the baseline which used a vanilla Faster R-CNN with a ResNet-101 FPN backbone.
Age-Related Enhancement of the Slow Outward Calcium-Activated Potassium Current in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal NeuronsIn Vitro (2002)

Aging is associated with learning deficits and a decrease in neuronal excitability, reflected by an enhanced post-burst afterhyperpolarization (AHP), in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons. To identify the current(s) underlying the AHP altered in aging neurons, whole-cell voltage-clamp recording experiments were performed in hippocampal slices from young and aging rabbits. Similar to previous reports, aging neurons were found to rest at more hyperpolarized potentials and have larger AHPs than young neurons. Given that compounds that reduce the slow outward calcium-activated potassium current (sI(AHP)), a major constituent of the AHP, also facilitate learning in aging animals, the sI(AHP) was pharmacologically isolated and characterized. Aging neurons were found to have an enhanced sI(AHP,) the amplitude of which was significantly correlated to the amplitude of the AHP (r = 0.63; p < 0.001). Thus, an enhanced sI(AHP) contributes to the enhanced AHP in aging. No differences were found in the membrane resistance, capacitance, or kinetic and voltage-dependent properties of the sI(AHP). Because enhanced AHP in aging neurons has been hypothesized to be secondary to an enhanced Ca2+ influx via the voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels, we further examined the sI(AHP) in the presence of an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, nimodipine (10 microm). Nimodipine caused quantitatively greater reductions in the sI(AHP) in aging neurons than in young neurons; however, the residual sI(AHP) was still significantly larger in aging neurons than in young neurons. Our data, in conjunction with previous studies showing a correlation between the AHP and learning, suggest that the enhancement of the sI(AHP) in aging is a mechanism that contributes to age-related learning deficits.
Development of tumorigenicity and rearrangement of chromosome 1 correlates with down-regulation of cell-surface glycoproteins in human mammary carcinoma cell line. (1994)

In the current study, attempts were made to identify any products of normal breast cell genes, that may become inactivated in the malignant counterparts. Using an immune-tolerization/immunization procedure of generating antibody, two different cell-surface glycoproteins termed luminal epithelial antigen, LEA.92 and LEA.135 were identified. LEA.92 and LEA.135 expressions on MEC in a culture model-system, that reflect various steps of neoplastic transformation were detected on normal or immortalized MEC lines that were non-tumorigenic in nude mice. Furthermore, no rearrangement of chromosome 1 was observed in those cells. In contrast, both glycoproteins were undetectable on oncogenically transformed or established lines of mammary carcinoma cells that were tumorigenic. LEA.92 or LEA.135 negative cell lines exhibited a partial deletion of their chromosome 1. In tissue sections, LEA.92 expression was detected on the apical plasma membrane of normal and hyperplastic but not on the malignant mammary or extramammary epithelial cells (MEC). However, unlike LEA.92, LEA.135 was detected on certain cases of primary breast carcinoma cells, irrespective of morphological differentiation, in tissue sections.