gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cartographie des échelles d'une image satellitaire (2007)

In this article, a method for the estimation of a characteristic scale at each pixel of an image is proposed. The definition of characteristic scale relies on the topographic map of the image, made of the set of its level lines. The scale of a pixel is defined through the most contrasted shape (connected component of a level line) containing it. The resulting scale map is spatially very accurate. This fact is illustrated on several satellite images.
Adaptation to the edge of chaos in one-dimensional chaotic maps (2006)

We present a method that enables chaotic systems to change its dynamics to stable periodic dynamics by a feedback adjustment. The proposed method uses feedback of a largest value obtained from observations of a fixed interval of time series of the system variable and therefore does not require any a priori detailed information. We apply this method to several chaotic systems and confirm numerically that chaotic states are stabilized to stable periodic ones. Since the stabilized states in the system are formed around a boundary between regular states and chaotic ones, the method provides a kind of adaptation to the edge of chaos.
Chalcogenide phase change induced with single-wall carbon nanotube heaters (2009)

Phase-change memory (PCM) is a promising candidate for non-volatile data storage. In this study, a key step in this area, by inducing ultra-narrow (5-10 nm) phase-change regions with individual single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNTs) heaters, and programming currents of the order 10 ¿A was demonstrated. Electrical measurements of such devices show step-like increases in current (up to 15 ¿A steps) that demonstrate GST crystallization by Joule heating in the SWNTs, which opens up a parallel current flow path. Electrical characteristic of device before and after GST sputtering, shows change in resistance with sweep and GST crystallization is observed by AFM topography.
Structure–Function Analyses of a Staphylococcus epidermidis Autoinducing Peptide Reveals Motifs Critical for AgrC-type Receptor Modulation (2016)

Staphylococcus epidermidis is frequently implicated in human infections associated with indwelling medical devices due to its ubiquity in the skin flora and formation of robust biofilms. The accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum sensing (QS) system plays a prominent role in the establishment of biofilms and infection by this bacterium. Agr activation is mediated by the binding of a peptide signal (or autoinducing peptide, AIP) to its cognate AgrC receptor. Many questions remain about the role of QS in S. epidermidis infections, as well as in mixed-microbial populations on a host, and chemical modulators of its agr system could provide novel insights into this signaling network. The AIP ligand provides an initial scaffold for the development of such probes; however, the structure-activity relationships (SARs) for activation of S. epidermidis AgrC receptors by AIPs are largely unknown. Herein, we report the first SAR analyses of an S. epidermidis AIP by performing systematic alanine and d-amino acid scans of the S. epidermidis AIP-I. On the basis of these results, we designed and identified potent, pan-group inhibitors of the AgrC receptors in the three S. epidermidis agr groups, as well as a set of AIP-I analogs capable of selective AgrC inhibition in either specific S. epidermidis agr groups or in another common staphylococcal species, S. aureus. In addition, we uncovered a non-native peptide agonist of AgrC-I that can strongly inhibit S. epidermidis biofilm growth. Together, these synthetic analogs represent new and readily accessible probes for investigating the roles of QS in S. epidermidis colonization and infections.
The common fragile site FRA16D and its associated gene WWOX are highly conserved in the mouse at Fra8E1 (2002)

Recently, several common fragile sites (CFSs) have been cloned and characterized, including the two most frequently observed in the human population, FRA3B and FRA16D. In addition to their high frequency of breakage, FRA3B and FRA16D colocalize with genes crossing large regions of breakage. At FRA3B, the fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene spans more than 1 Mb, and at FRA16D, the WWOX gene spans more than 750 kb. It has also been shown that in Mus musculus, a CFS Fra14A2 and the mouse Fhit gene are conserved in the orthologous region of the genome. In this study, we positioned the ortholog to WWOX (Wox1) at chromosome band 8E1 in the mouse genome. To determine whether, like Fra14A2 and Fhit, Fra8E1 and Wox1 colocalized in the mouse, we prepared bacterial and yeast artificial chromosome probes, and we hybridized them to aphidicolin-treated mouse metaphase chromosomes. Our data demonstrate that Wox1 colocalizes with Fra8E1. Furthermore, the sequence from this region, including introns, is highly conserved over at least a 100-kb region. This evolutionary conservation suggests that the two most active CFSs share many features, and that CFSs and their associated genes may be necessary for cell survival.
Zeolite Rho: a highly selective adsorbent for CO2/CH4separation induced by a structural phase modification (2011)

Zeolite Rho is able to successfully separate CO(2) from CH(4) with the highest selectivity ever observed on the basis of pore diameter and surface polarity. The adsorption of CO(2) provokes structural changes in the zeolite Rho.
Factors Influencing Microbial Degradation of14C-Glyphosate to14CO2in Soil (1978)

14 C-glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine] degradation to 14 CO 2 was examined in a Spinks sandy loam, Collamer silt loam, and a Norfolk loamy sand. After 32 days, 40, 9.5, and 3% of the 14 C-glyphosate was recovered as 14 CO 2 in the three soils, respectively. The degradation was primarily microbial. Phosphate additions stimulated 14 C-glyphosate degradation to a limited extent in the Collamer silt loam but not in the Norfolk loamy sand. Additions of Fe +++ and Al +++ ions reduced degradation in the Spinks sandy loam. It is postulated that formation of colloidal Fe and Al precipitates in modified soils with concomitant adsorption of 14 C-glyphosate is responsible for decreased availability of 14 C-glyphosate to microorganisms. Mn ++ additions were found to increase degradation. Spinks soil and carbon substrate amendments failed to substantially increase degradation rates in both soils with low degradation rates.
Introduction to Part II (1995)

Abstract Curricular innovation is ubiquitous in American medical education, reflecting in part dynamic transformations in biomedical knowledge and techniques and in part the political economy of how that knowledge is produced and taught. Curricular innovations also institutionalize continuous deliberations by medical faculties about what constitutes medical competence and how students need to be educated and socialized into the profession. Part III of this book explores a facet of the puzzle on the meaning of physician competence which seeks the source of its symbolic and existential power for individual physicians and for the profession of medicine as a whole, and turn to examine social practices and discursive interactions in medical training that make competence the essence of professional achievement and identity.
Triacetic acid lactone and 2,6-dimethyl-γ-pyrone as polyketide synthons: syntheses of torachrysone and eleutherinol derivatives (1979)

F. J. Leeper and J. Staunton, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1979, 206 DOI: 10.1039/C39790000206
Preclinical development of G1T38: A novel, potent and selective inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinases 4/6 for use as an oral antineoplastic in patients with CDK4/6 sensitive tumors (2017)

Inhibition of the p16INK4a/cyclin D/CDK4/6/RB pathway is an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. Although efficacious, current treatment regimens require a dosing holiday due to severe neutropenia potentially leading to an increased risk of infections, as well as tumor regrowth and emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, a next generation CDK4/6 inhibitor that can inhibit proliferation of CDK4/6-dependent tumors while minimizing neutropenia could reduce both the need for treatment holidays and the risk of inducing drug resistance.Here, we describe the preclinical characterization and development of G1T38; a novel, potent, selective, and orally bioavailable CDK4/6 inhibitor. In vitro, G1T38 decreased RB1 (RB) phosphorylation, caused a precise G1 arrest, and inhibited cell proliferation in a variety of CDK4/6-dependent tumorigenic cell lines including breast, melanoma, leukemia, and lymphoma cells. In vivo, G1T38 treatment led to equivalent or improved tumor efficacy compared to the first-in-class CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, in an ER+ breast cancer xenograft model. Furthermore, G1T38 accumulated in mouse xenograft tumors but not plasma, resulting in less inhibition of mouse myeloid progenitors than after palbociclib treatment. In larger mammals, this difference in pharmacokinetics allowed for 28 day continuous dosing of G1T38 in beagle dogs without producing severe neutropenia. These data demonstrate G1T38 has unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, which result in high efficacy against CDK4/6 dependent tumors while minimizing the undesirable on-target bone marrow activity, thus potentially allowing G1T38 to be used as a continuous, daily oral antineoplastic agent.
Electrolyte Solutions for “Beyond Li-Ion Batteries”: Li-S, Li-O2, and Mg Batteries (2019)

This article describes electrolyte solutions aspects of three battery systems considered as "beyond Li-ion batteries." The common denominator of these systems is the importance of the nature of the electrolyte solutions, which determines their reversibility. Li-S batteries are very close to practical importance, offering the highest energy density among rechargeable batteries. Li-oxygen systems are theoretically most promising, but the poor compatibility of most polar-aprotic solvents with the oxygen reduction species is a major obstacle for practical development. Developing rechargeable Mg batteries also involves a challenge in the choice of electrolyte solutions compatible with both reversible Mg anodes and high potential/high capacity Mg ions insertion cathodes.
The neural consequences of conflict between intention and the senses (1999)

Normal sensorimotor states involve integration of intention, action and sensory feedback. An example is the congruence between motor intention and sensory experience (both proprioceptive and visual) when we move a limb through space. Such goal-directed action necessitates a mechanism that monitors sensorimotor inputs to ensure that motor outputs are congruent with current intentions. Monitoring in this sense is usually implicit and automatic but becomes conscious whenever there is a mismatch between expected and realized sensorimotor states. To investigate how the latter type of monitoring is achieved we conducted three fully factorial functional neuroimaging experiments using PET measures of relative regional cerebral blood flow with healthy volunteers. In the first experiment subjects were asked to perform Luria's bimanual co-ordination task which involves either in-phase (conditions 1 and 3) or out-of-phase (conditions 2 and 4) bimanual movements (factor one), while looking towards their left hand. In half of the conditions (conditions 3 and 4) a mirror was used that altered visual feedback (factor two) by replacing their left hand with the mirror image of their right hand. Hence (in the critical condition 4) subjects saw in-phase movements despite performing out-of-phase movements. This mismatch between intention, proprioception and visual feedback engendered cognitive conflict. The main effect of out-of-phase movements was associated with increased neural activity in posterior parietal cortex (PPC) bilaterally [Brodmann area (BA) 40, extending into BA 7] and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) bilaterally (BA 9/46). The main effect of the mirror showed increased neural activity in right DLPFC (BA 9/ 46) and right superior PPC (BA 7) only. Analysis of the critical interaction revealed that the mismatch condition led to a specific activation in the right DLPFC alone (BA 9/46). Study 2, using an identical experimental set-up but manipulating visual feedback from the right hand (instead of the left), subsequently demonstrated that this right DLPFC activation was independent of the hand attended. Finally, study 3 removed the motor intentional component by moving the subjects' hand passively, thus engendering a mismatch between proprioception and vision only. Activation in the right lateral prefrontal cortex was now more ventral than in studies 1 or 2 (BA 44/45). A direct comparison of studies 1 and 3 (which both manipulated visual feedback from the left hand) confirmed that a ventral right lateral prefrontal region is primarily activated by discrepancies between signals from sensory systems, while a more dorsal area in right lateral prefrontal cortex is activated when actions must be maintained in the face of a conflict between intention and sensory outcome.
Nitrido‐silicate. II [1]. Hochtemperatur‐Synthesen und Kristallstrukturen von Sr2Si5N8 und Ba2Si5N8 (1995)

Abstract Sr 2 Si 5 N 8 und Ba 2 Si 5 N 8 werden phasenrein durch Umsetzung von Siliciumdiimid mit den jeweiligen Metallen Strontium bzw. Barium unter Stickstoffatmosphäre in einem speziellen Hochfrequenzofen bei 1 550 bis 1 650°C synthetisiert. Sr 2 Si 5 N 8 (Pmn2 1 , a = 571,0(2), b = 682,2(2), c = 934,1(2) pm, Z = 2, R = 0,037, wR = 0,021) und Ba 2 Si 5 N 8 (Pmn2 1 , a = 578,3(2), b = 695,9(2), c = 939,1(2) pm, Z = 2, R = 0,022, wR = 0,018) kristallisieren isotyp und sind aus M 2+ ‐Ionen (M = Sr bzw. Ba) sowie einer kovalenten dreidimensionalen Raumnetzstruktur eckenverknüpfter SiN 4 ‐Tetraeder aufgebaut. Je 4 N sind an zwei bzw. drei Si gebunden. Die an je zwei Si gebundenen N leisten den dominierenden koordinativen Beitrag für die M 2+ ‐Ionen.
System-Level Design Considerations for Digital Pre-Distortion of Wireless Base Station Transmitters (2017)

Over the past 25 years or so there has been much interest in the use of digital pre-distortion (DPD) techniques for the linearization of RF and microwave power amplifiers. In this paper, we describe the important system and hardware requirements for the four main subsystems found in the DPD linearized transmitter: RF/analog, data converters, digital signal processing, and the DPD architecture and algorithms, and illustrate how the overall DPD system architecture is influenced by the design choices that may be made in each of these subsystems. We shall also consider the challenges presented to future applications of DPD systems for wireless communications, such as higher operating frequencies, wider signal bandwidths, greater spectral efficiency signals, resulting in higher peak-to-average power ratios, multiband and multimode operation, lower power consumption requirements, faster adaption, and how these affect the system design choices.
Video thoracoscopy: routine application for recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. (1994)

Video thoracoscopy is a technique that allows a minimally invasive approach to common thoracic surgical problems. This article reports three patients with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax managed by video thoracoscopic apical bleb resection and describes the surgical technique.
The function of glypicans in the mammalian embryo (2022)

Glypicans are proteoglycans that are bound to the outer surface of the plasma membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The mammalian genome contains six members of the glypican family (<i>GPC1</i> to <i>GPC6</i>). Although the degree of sequence homology within the family is rather low, the three-dimensional structure of these proteoglycans is highly conserved. Glypicans are predominantly expressed during embryonic development. Genetic and biochemical studies have shown that glypicans can stimulate or inhibit the signaling pathways triggered by Wnts, hedgehogs, fibroblast growth factors, and bone morphogenetic proteins. The study of mutant mouse strains demonstrated that glypicans have important functions in the developmental morphogenesis of various organs. In addition, a role of glypicans in synapsis formation has been established. Notably, glypican loss-of-function mutations are the cause of three human inherited syndromes. Recent analysis of glypican compound mutant mice has demonstrated that members of this protein family display redundant functions during embryonic development.
Stability of Field Emission from a Single Carbon Nanotube (2018)

It has been found experimentally that the field emission current passing through a single multiwall carbon nanotube heats it up and generates a thermionic component. The nanotube is heated by the Joule heat that releases on its series resistance, through which the current passes. From the solution to the heat conduction equation, the overheating temperature of the emitting end has been estimated. Conditions for field emission stability and for the onset of thermal field emission have been found.
Exploiting structural relationships in audio music signals using Markov Logic Networks (2013)

We propose an innovative approach for music description at several time-scales in a single unified formalism. More specifically, chord information at the analysis-frame level and global semantic structure are integrated in an elegant and flexible model. Using Markov Logic Networks (MLNs) low-level signal features are encoded with high-level information expressed by logical rules, without the need of a transcription step. Our results demonstrate the potential of MLNs for music analysis as they can express both structured relational knowledge through logic as well as uncertainty through probabilities.
Application of a specificity ofMucor miehei lipase to concentrate docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (1989)

Abstract Lipases catalyze the reesterification or hydrolysis of fats and oils and may show specificity towards certain fatty acids. An immobilized lipase from the fungus Mucor miehei shows specificity towards docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (DHA being a poor substrate), whether the DHA is used as a free fatty acid (FFA) as substrate in esterification with methanol, or fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) is used as a substrate for hydrolysis. The specificity of the lipase from M. miehei may be applied to concentrate DHA originating from a marine oil in either the FAME or the FFA fraction, which can be separated.
The Viral RNA Polymerase H4L Subunit Is Required for Vaccinia Virus Early Gene Transcription Termination (2001)

Vaccinia virus early gene transcription is catalyzed by a multisubunit virion form of RNA polymerase that possesses a unique subunit, H4L. Prior studies from this laboratory showed that the NH(2)-terminal domain of H4L, containing amino acids 1-195, interacts with the COOH-terminal end of nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase I (NPH I), an ATPase that is employed in early gene transcription termination. Carboxyl-terminal deletion mutations of NPH I lose both the ability to mediate transcription termination and binding to H4L, providing evidence that the interaction between NPH I and H4L is required for termination. In order to test this model further, antibodies raised against segments of H4L were tested for their ability to inhibit transcription termination in vitro. A bead-bound template was employed in these studies, which permitted us to separate transcription initiation from elongation and termination. Antibodies raised against H4L amino acids 1-256 inhibited termination in an in vitro assay using virus-infected cell extracts lacking NPH I, but antibodies raised against H4L amino acids 568-795 did not. Preincubation of anti-H4L(1-256) antibodies with H4L fragments 1-256 or 1-195 prevented antibody inhibition of termination, demonstrating that inhibition was mediated by antibody binding to one or more epitopes in the NH(2)-terminal end of H4L. Antibody inhibition of termination is reduced in wild type virus-infected cell extracts containing NPH I. Furthermore, preincubation of a NPH I minus cell extract with NPH I prior to antibody addition, or readdition of NPH I to isolated ternary complexes prepared in the absence of NPH I, prevented antibody inhibition of transcription termination. These data show that NPH I and the inhibitory antibodies compete for a binding site(s) on H4L, providing further evidence that the H4L subunit of the vaccinia virus RNA polymerase plays a direct role in transcription termination.
Evaluating Fairness in Argument Retrieval (2021)

Existing commercial search engines often struggle to represent different perspectives of a search query. Argument retrieval systems address this limitation of search engines and provide both positive (PRO) and negative (CON) perspectives about a user's information need on a controversial topic (e.g., climate change). The effectiveness of such argument retrieval systems is typically evaluated based on topical relevance and argument quality, without taking into account the often differing number of documents shown for the argument stances (PRO or CON). Therefore, systems may retrieve relevant passages, but with a biased exposure of arguments. In this work, we analyze a range of non-stochastic fairness-aware ranking and diversity metrics to evaluate the extent to which argument stances are fairly exposed in argument retrieval systems.
Terahertz Wave Enhanced Transmission through a Single Subwavelength Aperture with Periodic Surface Structures (2005)

We demonstrate resonantly enhanced transmission of terahertz (THz) wave radiation (λ∼200 µm) through a bull's eye structure (a single subwavelength aperture surrounded by concentric periodic grooves in a metal plate). The phenomenon is caused by the resonant excitation of surface waves, which are known as surface plasmon polaritons in the optical region, generated by the concentric periodic grooves. Strongly enhanced transmission of THz-wave radiation is observed through the single subwavelength circular aperture (diameter d = 100 µm). We also show that introducing the Bragg reflector to the bull's eye structure results in the further increase of the enhanced transmission.
Recognition of Power-Quality Disturbances Using S-Transform-Based ANN Classifier and Rule-Based Decision Tree (2014)

This paper deals with a modified technique for the recognition of single stage and multiple power quality (PQ) disturbances. An algorithm based on Stockwell's transform and artificial neural network-based classifier and a rule-based decision tree is proposed in this paper. The analysis and classification of single stage PQ disturbances consisting of both events and variations such as sag, swell, interruption, harmonics, transients, notch, spike, and flicker are presented. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is also applied on multiple PQ disturbances such as harmonics with sag, swell, flicker, and interruption. A database of these PQ disturbances based on IEEE-1159 standard is generated in MATLAB for simulation studies. The proposed algorithm extracts significant features of various PQ disturbances using S-transform, which are used as input to this hybrid classifier for the classification of PQ disturbances. Satisfactory results of effective recognition and classification of PQ disturbances are obtained with the proposed algorithm. Finally, the proposed method is also implemented on real-time PQ events acquired in a laboratory to confirm the validity of this algorithm in practical conditions.