gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computed tomography to quantify tooth abrasion (2010)

Cone-beam computed tomography, also termed digital volume tomography, has become a standard technique in dentistry, allowing for fast 3D jaw imaging including denture at moderate spatial resolution. More detailed X-ray images of restricted volumes for post-mortem studies in dental anthropology are obtained by means of micro computed tomography. The present study evaluates the impact of the pipe smoking wear on teeth morphology comparing the abraded tooth with its contra-lateral counterpart. A set of 60 teeth, loose or anchored in the jaw, from 12 dentitions have been analyzed. After the two contra-lateral teeth were scanned, one dataset has been mirrored before the two datasets were registered using affine and rigid registration algorithms. Rigid registration provides three translational and three rotational parameters to maximize the overlap of two rigid bodies. For the affine registration, three scaling factors are incorporated. Within the present investigation, affine and rigid registrations yield comparable values. The restriction to the six parameters of the rigid registration is not a limitation. The differences in size and shape between the tooth and its contra-lateral counterpart generally exhibit only a few percent in the non-abraded volume, validating that the contralateral tooth is a reasonable approximation to quantify, for example, the volume loss as the result of long-term clay pipe smoking. Therefore, this approach allows quantifying the impact of the pipe abrasion on the internal tooth morphology including root canal, dentin, and enamel volumes.
Activation of the Ca2+-sensing receptor increases renal claudin-14 expression and urinary Ca2+ excretion (2013)

Kidney stones are a prevalent clinical condition imposing a large economic burden on the healthcare system. Hypercalciuria remains the major risk factor for development of a Ca(2+)-containing stone. The kidney's ability to alter Ca(2+) excretion in response to changes in serum Ca(2+) is in part mediated by the Ca(2+)-sensing receptor (CaSR). Recent studies revealed renal claudin-14 (Cldn14) expression localized to the thick ascending limb (TAL) and its expression to be regulated via the CaSR. We find that Cldn14 expression is increased by high dietary Ca(2+) intake and by elevated serum Ca(2+) levels induced by prolonged 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration. Consistent with this, activation of the CaSR in vivo via administration of the calcimimetic cinacalcet hydrochloride led to a 40-fold increase in Cldn14 mRNA. Moreover, overexpression of Cldn14 in two separate cell culture models decreased paracellular Ca(2+) flux by preferentially decreasing cation permeability, thereby increasing transepithelial resistance. These data support the existence of a mechanism whereby activation of the CaSR in the TAL increases Cldn14 expression, which in turn blocks the paracellular reabsorption of Ca(2+). This molecular mechanism likely facilitates renal Ca(2+) losses in response to elevated serum Ca(2+). Moreover, dysregulation of the newly described CaSR-Cldn14 axis likely contributes to the development of hypercalciuria and kidney stones.
New Advances in Nanophotonic Device Physics (2016)

Advanced silicon and plasmonic nanophotonics is undergoing rapid progress due to its manifold applications in high data communication links and other applications in imaging and sensing. Our group has been at the forefront of new devices and device physics. In this talk we will first review progress in our group in a wide variety of fundamental technologies and physics needed to extend the advances in nanophotonics. We will then illustrate these ideas with several new devices types that we have recently demonstrated at Columbia based on new simulation modalities. Our approach then to modeling and simulation is to use fully accurate methods and techniques and to achieve new capabilities based on massively parallel and high-performance computation. Much of our advances are based on new hardware strengths and testing with distributed and parallel systems.
Ventilator-associated Pneumonia (2002)

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) continues to complicate the course of 8 to 28% of patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV). In contrast to infections of more frequently involved organs (e.g., urinary tract and skin), for which mortality is low, ranging from 1 to 4%, the mortality rate for VAP ranges from 24 to 50% and can reach 76% in some specific settings or when lung infection is caused by high-risk pathogens. The predominant organisms responsible for infection are Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacteriaceae, but etiologic agents widely differ according to the population of patients in an intensive care unit, duration of hospital stay, and prior antimicrobial therapy. Because appropriate antimicrobial treatment of patients with VAP significantly improves outcome, more rapid identification of infected patients and accurate selection of antimicrobial agents represent important clinical goals. Our personal bias is that using bronchoscopic techniques to obtain protected brush and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from the affected area in the lung permits physicians to devise a therapeutic strategy that is superior to one based only on clinical evaluation. When fiberoptic bronchoscopy is not available to physicians treating patients clinically suspected of having VAP, we recommend using either a simplified nonbronchoscopic diagnostic procedure or following a strategy in which decisions regarding antibiotic therapy are based on a clinical score constructed from seven variables. Selection of the initial antimicrobial therapy should be based on predominant flora responsible for VAP at each institution, clinical setting, information provided by direct examination of pulmonary secretions, and intrinsic antibacterial activities of antimicrobial agents and their pharmacokinetic characteristics. Further trials will be needed to clarify the optimal duration of treatment and the circumstances in which monotherapy can be safely used.
Active focus stabilization for upright selective plane illumination microscopy (2015)

Due to its sectioning capability, large field of view, and minimal light exposure, selective plane illumination microscopy has become the preferred choice for 3D time lapse imaging. Single cells in a dish can be conveniently imaged using an upright/inverted configuration. However, for measurements on long time scales (hours to days), mechanical drift is a problem; especially for studies of mammalian cells that typically require heating to 37°C which causes a thermal gradient across the instrument. Since the light sheet diverges towards the edges of the field of view, such a drift leads to a decrease in axial resolution over time. Or, even worse, the specimen could move out of the imaging volume. Here, we present a simple, cost-effective way to stabilize the axial position using the microscope camera to track the sample position. Thereby, sample loss is prevented and an optimal axial resolution is maintained by keeping the sample at the position where the light sheet is at its thinnest. We demonstrate the virtue of our approach by measurements of the light sheet thickness and 3D time lapse imaging of a cell monolayer at physiological conditions.
Optimization of amphiphobic structural surface thickness in relation to its functionality on stainless steel plates (2014)

ABSTRACT Fluorine‐based amphiphobic coatings have been widely used in commercial textiles to provide water‐ and oil‐repelling abilities. However, few reports from the literature survey have discussed the surface structural effects of the coated substrate on amphiphobicity. In this research, various thickness amphiphobic coatings based on mixed epoxy, tetraethylorthosilicate, and a particular alkoxysilane with fluorinated side chains (F‐silane) were deposited on Grade 420 stainless steel plates. Film amphiphobicity is characterized by measuring the water and oil contact angles of the coating. Film morphology is examined using atomic force microscopy. The deposited films free of F‐silane are thinner than 150 nm. The films become thick at high F‐silane volume percentage with the surface cavities, ridges, and granules being masked out. On the addition of F‐silane, the water contact angle of the deposited films increases up to 105° and then reaches a plateau of ∼ 107° with increasing F‐silane. In contrast, the oil contact angle increases up to 60° at first and then slowly declines with the F‐silane concentration. The total drop of oil contact angle by ∼ 20° was attributed to the masking out of surface features on film thickening. This indicates that the surface oleophobicity depends on surface structures. Therefore, improving surface amphiphobicity correlates with creating more refined multiscale surface structures during the industrial manufacturing process of steel plate, prior to surface modification by F‐silane. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 41003.
A case study on particulate emissions from a gasoline plug-in hybrid electric vehicle during engine warm-up, taking into account start–stop operation (2020)

Concerning the discussions about emissions caused by individual mobility, it is foreseeable that future vehicle concepts will increasingly be based on hybrid powertrains. These systems lead to more complex operating scenarios, which have a significant influence on the resulting emissions of the engine. This work shows a case study and the results in the operation and emission behavior of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle with a direct injection gasoline engine when operated in an internationally recognized driving cycle. The vehicle’s exhaust aftertreatment system consists of a three-way catalytic converter; a particulate filter is not installed. The emissions are analyzed with a focus on particulate number emissions (from soot), especially during the warm-up phase and the frequent start–stop events (in total, there are 12 internal combustion engine operating phases), which are typical for hybrid vehicles. The results show that approximately 50% of the emitted particulates have a smaller size, 23 nm (a very high number of particulates with a mean size of 10 to 15 nm are present), which are currently not regulated, but are expected to have a high risk of adverse health effects.
Sensitization of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells to Trimetrexate Using Nucleoside Transport Inhibitors (1997)

Antifolates such as methotrexate (MTX) and trimetrexate (TMTX) are widely used in the treatment of cancer and nonmalignant disorders. Transient, yet sometimes severe myelosuppression is an important limitation to the use of these drugs. It has previously been shown that clonogenic myeloid progenitors and colony-forming units-spleen are resistant to antifolates, suggesting that myelotoxicity occurs late in hematopoietic development. The goal of this study was to define the mechanisms by which primitive hematopoietic cells resist the toxic effects of antifolate drugs. To test the hypothesis that myeloid progenitors may salvage extracellular nucleotide precursors to resist TMTX toxicity, a defined liquid culture system was developed to measure TMTX toxicity in expanding progenitor populations. These in vitro experiments showed that both human and murine progenitors can resist TMTX toxicity by importing thymidine and hypoxanthine from the serum. As predicted from these findings, several drugs that block thymidine transport sensitized progenitors to TMTX in vitro, although to differing degrees. These nucleoside transport inhibitors were used to test whether progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) could be sensitized to TMTX in vivo. Treatment of mice with TMTX and nitrobenzylmercaptopurineriboside phosphate (NBMPR-P), a potent transport inhibitor, caused significant depletions of clonogenic progenitors within the bone marrow (20-fold) and spleen (6-fold). Furthermore, NBMPR-P administration dramatically sensitized HSCs to TMTX, with dual-treated mice showing a greater than 90% reduction in bone marrow repopulating activity. These studies demonstrate that both myeloid progenitor cells and HSCs resist TMTX by using nucleotide salvage mechanisms and that these pathways can be pharmacologically blocked in vivo using nucleoside transport inhibitors. These results have important implications regarding the use of transport inhibitors for cancer therapy and for using variants of dihydrofolate reductase for in vivo selection of genetically modified HSCs.
Syntheses of thermotropic liquid-crystalline copoly(ester amide)s containing a flexible spacer in the main chain and their structure interpretation. (1990)

p-N-アセチルアミノ安息香酸を一成分とする3成分系サーモトロピックコポリエステルアミドを合成した. ジカルボン酸成分として4～12のアルキレン鎖を持つα, ω-ビス (フェノキシ) アルカン-4, 4'-ジカルボン酸, ジオール成分として4, 4'-ジアセトキシビフェニル, アミン成分としてp-N-アセチルアミノ安息香酸を用いた. その他のジオール成分としてヒドロキノンジアセタートを持つポリマーも合成した. 得られたポリマーは, DSC, 偏光顕微鏡, X線回折, 13C NMRなどによって構造解析を行った. アミド結合形成のために加えたp-N-アセチルアミノ安息香酸の増加に伴って得られたポリマーのTmは低くなり, ジカルボン酸体のアルキレン鎖を長くしたポリマーのTmも低くなることがわかった. X線回折の結果からα, ω-ビス (フェノキシ) アルカン-4, 4'-ジカルボン酸, 4, 4'-ジアセトキシビフェニル, 及びp-N-アセチルアミノ安息香酸から成る3成分系サーモトロピックコポリエステルアミドは80～85%の高い結晶化度を持つポリマーであることがわかった. 本研究で得られた3成分系コポリエステルアミドは典型的なネマチック液晶性を示すことが, 偏光顕微鏡観察から明らかとなった.
High-temperature fiber-optic microbend pressure sensor (1985)

We have measured the pressure response of a high-temperature fiber-optic microbend sensor fabricated from fused silica and configured for pressure measurements (Fig. 1). The sensor was characterized at pressures up to ±690 kPa and temperatures to 540b°C. The experimental data show approximately a linear dependence on the applied pressure when the microbend sensor is preloaded. This behavior is in agreement with the calculated results for the linear deflection of a preloaded diaphragm with applied pressure.
Molecular genetic analysis of the pullalanase B gene ofBacillus acidopullulyticus (1994)

A fragment from Bacillus acidopullulyticus strain 294-16 encoding a pullulanase activity has been cloned into Bacillus subtilis. The nucleotide sequence of the 3972 base pairs (bp) fragment has been determined and shown to include only one complete open reading frame (ORF) of 863 codons. The deduced amino acid sequence of this ORF, denoted pulB, shows homology to a number of amylolytic enzymes. Primary and secondary structure analysis indicates that the central region of the protein forms the catalytic domain in a characteristic (beta/alpha)8 barrel. Three carboxylic acid residues essential for catalysis were identified. Regions within the catalytic domain proposed to be involved in substrate binding have been identified by homology.
Nutrient Levels of Leafy Vegetable Plants, 1987 (1988)

4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.
Critical analysis of the utility of initial pleural aspiration in the diagnosis and management of suspected malignant pleural effusion (2020)

An initial pleural aspiration does not achieve either definitive diagnosis or therapy in the majority of patients. A new pathway prioritising symptom management while reducing procedures should be considered.
Analysis of Particle Motion in Wall-Free Concentrated Vortexes in Relation to Flight Safety Problem (2014)

The ingestion in aircraft engines is one of the actual problems related to the flight safety. One of possible reasons of ingestion&#x0D; in the gas-air flow duct of compressor is a formation of vortex core under an air intake on a runway surface during engine&#x0D; working on a stop. Calculations of the solid particles’ motion in wall-free concentrated vortexes, being the analogues of vortex&#x0D; core have been made in this paper. The numerical results have allowed to find peculiarities of behavior for particles with&#x0D; different inertia (different density and sizes) in vortexes of various intensity. Based on calculations and available experimental&#x0D; data a dimensionless criterion had been supposed, which determines the particles’ behavior in concentrated vortex structures.&#x0D; Estimations for maximal time of dynamic relaxation for particles involved in the air intake by vortex cores of different&#x0D; intensities have been made with use of this criterion. The knowledge of particles’ dynamics in the vortex cores formed near&#x0D; the air intake of aircraft engines is necessary to develop the methods to protect them from possible ingestion from the&#x0D; runway to ensure the flight safety.
Distributed Fiber Optic Shape Sensing of Concrete Structures (2021)

Civil structural health monitoring (CSHM) has become significantly more important within the last decades due to rapidly growing construction volume worldwide as well as aging infrastructure and longer service lifetimes of the structures. The utilization of distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) allows the assessment of strain and temperature distributions continuously along the installed sensing fiber and is widely used for testing of concrete structures to detect and quantify local deficiencies like cracks. Relations to the curvature and bending behavior are however mostly excluded. This paper presents a comprehensive study of different approaches for distributed fiber optic shape sensing of concrete structures. Different DFOS sensors and installation techniques were tested within load tests of concrete beams as well as real-scale tunnel lining segments, where the installations were interrogated using fully-distributed sensing units as well as by fiber Bragg grating interrogators. The results point out significant deviations between the capabilities of the different sensing systems, but demonstrate that DFOS can enable highly reliable shape sensing of concrete structures, if the system is appropriately designed depending on the CSHM application.
Q-factor characterization of RF GaN-based metal-semiconductor-metal planar interdigitated varactor (2005)

We report the characterization of quality (Q)-factor of RF metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) planar interdigitated varactors fabricated by standard AlGaN/GaN HEMT process. The MSM varactors have wide tuning range and exhibit high quality-factor at both the maximum and minimum capacitance values. The fundamental limitation of the Q-factor in the medium capacitance range is also revealed. The elimination of ohmic contact resistance in the MSM varactor configuration pushed up the peak Q-factor to 92 at 0.5 GHz and 41 at 1.1 GHz. The operation of the MSM varactor is modeled by a physical equivalent circuit, with which the dependence of the Q-factor over the entire tuning voltage range can be explained.
Implementation of the MFCC front-end for low-cost speech recognition systems (2010)

Speech recognition front-end implemented using a high-end floating-point processor is expensive both in terms of computer resources and cost. This paper presents a new small footprint MFCC front-end design that is suitable for low-cost speech recognition systems. By exploiting the overlapping nature of the input frames and by adopting a simple pipeline structure, the implemented design only utilizes approximately 10% total resources of a low-cost and modest-size FPGA device, thus leaving significant space for speech recognition post-processing.
Fertinnowa, innovación en fertirrigación: transferencia de técnicas INNOvadoras para el uso sostenible del agua (WAter) en los cultivos FERTirrigados (2018)

En una horticultura cada vez mas tecnificada y competitiva es necesaria la optimizacion de las condiciones de produccion, ajustandose a las demandas de una sociedad cada vez mas exigente con la calidad de los productos ofertados y a unas condiciones de produccion mas respetuosas con el medio ambiente.
FERTINNOWA es un proyecto que se desarrolla con los fondos del programa H2020 y en el que participan diez paises, 9 europeos y uno africano. Surgio ante la necesidad de racionalizar el uso agrario del agua, un recurso cada vez mas escaso, y por las demandas de una agricultura cada vez mas tecnificada y abierta a la innovacion.

El objetivo de este proyecto es recopilar, intercambiar, mostrar y transferir soluciones innovadoras de gestion del agua y los nutrientes, y las mejores practicas en los cultivos fertirrigados para mejorar la calidad del agua, mejorar la eficiencia del uso del agua y reducir el impacto ambiental.
En lo que respecta a INTIA, se pretende validar dos Herramientas tecnologicas de Ayuda a la Decision (HAD) ya en funcionamiento en Navarra. Ambas herramientas estan dirigidas a gestionar la dosis y el momento de riego y fertilizacion y, por lo tanto, mejoran la eficiencia en el uso del agua y de los fertilizantes aportados.
Artificial Muscle Begins to Breathe (2006)

Electrically driven motors and actuators have a major disadvantage when used in autonomous systems—they rely on batteries. The results presented on page 1580 of this issue by Ebron and colleagues (1) offer a unique solution to this problem by creating artificial muscle actuators that breathe. The invention should lead to powerful devices that truly keep on going by consuming energy-rich fuels and oxygen.
Organizational Coherence in Health Care Organizations (2014)

Objective: We sought to improve our understanding of how health care quality improvement (QI) methods and innovations could be efficiently and effectively translated between settings to reduce persistent gaps in health care quality both within and across countries. We aimed to examine whether we could identify a core set of organizational cultural attributes, independent of context and setting, which might be associated with success in implementing and sustaining QI systems in health care organizations. Methods: We convened an international group of investigators to explore the issues of organizational culture and QI in different health care contexts and settings. This group met in person 3 times and held a series of conference calls to discuss emerging ideas over 2 years. Investigators also conducted pilot studies in their home countries to examine the applicability of our conceptual model. Results and Conclusions: We suggest that organizational coherence may be a critical element of QI efforts in health care organizations and propose that there are 3 key components of organizational coherence: (1) people, (2) processes, and (3) perspectives. Our work suggests that the concept of organizational coherence embraces both culture and context and can thus help guide both researchers and practitioners in efforts to enhance health care QI efforts, regardless of organizational type, location, or context.
Chronic Surgical Site Infection Due to Suture-Associated Polymicrobial Biofilm (2009)

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common surgical complication; culture-negative SSI presents a particular problem in management. Methods: Examination of explanted foreign bodies (sutures) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) after surgical exploration of a chronic culture-negative SSI. Results: Confocal microscopy (CM) demonstrated bacilli and cocci attached to the surface of the explanted sutures in a mixed biofilm. Florescent in situ hybridization confirmed that Staphylococci were components of the mixed biofilm. Removal of the foreign bodies (sutures) resolved the chronic infection. Conclusion: Chronic SSI can arise from underlying bacterial biofilms, which can invest implanted foreign bodies and associated soft tissue surfaces.
Identification of Novel Determinants of Neutralization Epitope Shielding for Hepatitis C Virus in Vitro (2020)

Epitope shielding is suggested as an important mechanism mediating the escape of hepatitis C virus (HCV) from host-neutralizing antibodies (nAb). [...]