gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cyber Disruption in a Distributed Team Decision Making Task (2013)

Stories of cyber-attacks have been prevalent in the public media and the cyber security market has grown greatly to help meet this demand. However, much of the effort has been focused on development of better hardware and software solutions with little thought to the human factors of cyber security. This investigation sought to gain a better understanding of the influence cyber-attacks have on the decision-making and collaboration of distributed team members working together to solve a complex logic problem. Eight three-person teams worked together to piece together bits of information to solve a potential terrorist attack. The time and outcome scores were evaluated for the three experimental conditions, which varied the levels of information injected. The goal of the injected statements was to disrupt the decision-making and collaborative process. Injects that were explicitly negating true facts had the more detrimental effect on team performance while performance in the condition with injects that were more suggestive in nature were no different from the no inject condition. These results shed light into the breakdown in team decision-making when confronted with a contradictory fact thus aiding in our knowledge to build robust collaborative tools.
Vasopressin gene transcription increases in response to decreases in plasma volume, but not to increases in plasma osmolality, in chronically dehydrated rats (2005)

The synthesis of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) is physiologically regulated by plasma osmolality and volume. To clarify how the regulation of AVP gene transcription is affected by chronic dehydration, we examined changes in the transcriptional activities of AVP gene by plasma osmolality and volume in both euhydrated and dehydrated conditions. Euhydrated rats had free access to water, whereas dehydrated rats had been deprived of water for 3 days before experiments. Rats in both conditions were subjected to acute hypertonic stimuli or hypovolemia, and changes in AVP heteronuclear (hn)RNA levels, an indicator of gene transcription, in the SON and PVN were examined with in situ hybridization. The intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection (2% body wt) of hypertonic (1.5 M) saline increased plasma Na levels by approximately 40 meq/l in both euhydrated and dehydrated conditions. However, expression levels of AVP hnRNA in the SON and PVN were increased only in euhydrated, not dehydrated, rats. On the other hand, i.p. injection of polyethylene glycol decreased the plasma volume by approximately 16-20%, and AVP hnRNA levels in the SON and PVN were significantly increased in both conditions. Thus it is demonstrated that signaling pathways regulating AVP gene transcription in the magnocellular neurons were completely refractory to acute osmotic stimuli under the chronic dehydration and that AVP gene transcription could probably respond to acute hypovolemia through different intracellular signal transduction pathways from those for osmoregulation.
LEAP: Looking beyond pixels with continuous-space EstimAtion of Point sources (2017)

Context. Two main classes of imaging algorithms have emerged in radio interferometry: the CLEAN algorithm and its multiple variants, and compressed-sensing inspired methods. They are both discrete in nature, and estimate source locations and intensities on a regular grid. For the traditional CLEAN-based imaging pipeline, the resolution power of the tool is limited by the width of the synthesized beam, which is inversely proportional to the largest baseline. The finite rate of innovation (FRI) framework is a robust method to find the locations of point-sources in a continuum without grid imposition. The continuous formulation makes the FRI recovery performance only dependent on the number of measurements and the number of sources in the sky. FRI can theoretically find sources below the perceived tool resolution. To date, FRI had never been tested in the extreme conditions inherent to radio astronomy: weak signal / high noise, huge data sets, large numbers of sources.
Factors Predicting Requirement of High-dose Transdermal Fentanyl in Opioid Switching From Oral Morphine or Oxycodone in Patients With Cancer Pain (2011)

Our study indicates that breast cancer, total protein, alanine aminotransferase, advanced age, and male sex are significant predictors of a need for higher dose transdermal fentanyl in opioid switching. Our results are considered likely to contribute to the establishment of evidence-based medicine in pain relief and palliative care.
Amide linkages mimic phosphates in RNA interactions with proteins and are well tolerated in the guide strand of short interfering RNAs (2017)

While the use of RNA interference (RNAi) in molecular biology and functional genomics is a well-established technology, in vivo applications of synthetic short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) require chemical modifications. We recently found that amides as non-ionic replacements for phosphodiesters may be useful modifications for optimization of siRNAs. Herein, we report a comprehensive study of systematic replacement of a single phosphate with an amide linkage throughout the guide strand of siRNAs. The results show that amides are surprisingly well tolerated in the seed and central regions of the guide strand and increase the silencing activity when placed between nucleosides 10 and 12, at the catalytic site of Argonaute. A potential explanation is provided by the first crystal structure of an amide-modified RNA-DNA with Bacillus halodurans RNase H1. The structure reveals how small changes in both RNA and protein conformation allow the amide to establish hydrogen bonding interactions with the protein. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that these alternative binding modes may compensate for interactions lost due to the absence of a phosphodiester moiety. Our results suggest that an amide can mimic important hydrogen bonding interactions with proteins required for RNAi activity and may be a promising modification for optimization of biological properties of siRNAs.
Targeting Oncogenic Super Enhancers in MYC-Dependent AML Using a Small Molecule Activator of NR4A Nuclear Receptors (2020)

Epigenetic reprogramming in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) leads to the aberrant activation of super enhancer (SE) landscapes that drive the expression of key oncogenes, including the oncogenic MYC pathway. These SEs have been identified as promising therapeutic targets, and have given rise to a new class of drugs, including BET protein inhibitors, which center on targeting SE activity. NR4A nuclear receptors are tumor suppressors of AML that function in part through transcriptional repression of the MYC-driven oncogenic program via mechanisms that remain unclear. Here we show that NR4A1, and the NR4A inducing drug dihydroergotamine (DHE), regulate overlapping gene expression programs in AML and repress transcription of a subset of SE-associated leukemic oncogenes, including MYC. NR4As interact with an AML-selective SE cluster that governs MYC transcription and decommissions its activation status by dismissing essential SE-bound coactivators including BRD4, Mediator and p300, leading to loss of p300-dependent H3K27 acetylation and Pol 2-dependent eRNA transcription. DHE shows similar efficacy to the BET inhibitor JQ1 at repressing SE-dependent MYC expression and AML growth in mouse xenografts. Thus, DHE induction of NR4As provides an alternative strategy to BET inhibitors to target MYC dependencies via suppression of the AML-selective SE governing MYC expression.
Interstitial supersaturation near phosphorus-diffused emitter zones in silicon (1979)

Bipolar transistors with consecutively diffused boron base and phosphorus emitter showing the ’’emitter-push effect’’ have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The analysis of isolated dislocation helices in the emitter and base regions indicates the presence of a self-interstitial supersaturation in front of the phosphorus-diffused zone. This result refutes the widely accepted explanation of the ’’emitter-push effect’’ in terms of a phosphorus-induced vacancy supersaturation.
Neural characteristics of successful and less successful speech and word learning in adults (2006)

A remarkable characteristic of the human nervous system is its ability to learn to integrate novel (foreign) complex sounds into words. However, the neural changes involved in how adults learn to integrate novel sounds into words and the associated individual differences are largely unknown. Unlike English, most languages of the world use pitch patterns to mark individual word meaning. We report a study assessing the neural correlates of learning to use these pitch patterns in words by English-speaking adults who had no previous exposure to such usage. Before and after training, subjects discriminated pitch patterns of the words they learned while blood oxygenation levels were measured using fMRI. Subjects who mastered the learning program showed increased activation in the left posterior superior temporal region after training, while subjects who plateaued at lower levels showed increased activation in the right superior temporal region and right inferior frontal gyrus, which are associated with nonlinguistic pitch processing, and prefrontal and medial frontal areas, which are associated with increased working memory and attentional efforts. Furthermore, we found brain activation differences even before training between the two subject groups, including the superior temporal region. These results demonstrate an association between range of neural changes and degrees of language learning, specifically implicating the physiologic contribution of the left dorsal auditory cortex in learning success.
A dynamic, feature-based approach to speech modeling and recognition (2002)

An overview of a statistical paradigm for speech recognition is given where phonetic and phonological knowledge sources are seamlessly integrated into the structure of a speech model. A unifying computational formalism is outlined in which the sub-models for the discrete, feature-based phonological and the continuous, dynamic phonetic processes in human speech production are computationally interfaced, enabling global optimization of the model parameter sets that economically characterize distinct sources of speech variabilities. The formalism is founded on a rigorous mathematical basis, and is developed to aim at overcoming key limitations of current speech recognition technology.
Automatic Facial Feature Correspondence Based on Pose Estimation (2010)

Establishing facial feature correspondence across image of the same subject with different poses is an essential issue in the field of face image interpretation. Traditional approaches involve tedious landmark labeling and time-consuming training process. Instead, an automatic facial feature correspondence method is proposed in the paper, which achieves accurate feature correspondence via sparse feature matching using unary and geometric constraints, and intelligent interpolation based on facial pose angle estimation. The experiments show the validity of the proposed method.
Designing a future airborne capability environment (FACE) hypervisor for safety and security (2017)

A partitioning environment is one of the components of an avionics architecture aligned with the Future Airborne Capability Environment (FACE™). In this paper, we explore the design of a hypervisor to provide the partitioning specified in the FACE Technical Standard. The FACE Consortium is focused on military aviation software, with a dual emphasis on technical standards and business acquisition strategies. We provide an overview of the history and purpose of FACE, then briefly examine previous open avionics initiatives. Our hypervisor extends the Xen open source hypervisor to support the ARINC 653 partitioning standard. Adding the Application Program Interface for the ARINC 653 standard is relatively straightforward because the underlying architectural concepts align well (with a few interesting challenges). Our current work is to expand our hypervisor technology to provide the required interfaces under FACE safety and security profiles. We discuss the current state of the project, examining technical and business aspects of open source software. We conclude with a roadmap for our hypervisor technology to reach conformance with the FACE Technical Standard and eventually achieve flight and security certification.
Angiotensin II receptor blockade promotes repair of skeletal muscle through down-regulation of aging-promoting C1q expression (2015)

Disruption of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor prolonged life span in mice. Since aging-related decline in skeletal muscle function was retarded in Atgr1a(-/-) mice, we examined the role of AT1 receptor in muscle regeneration after injury. Administration of AT1 receptor blocker irbesartan increased the size of regenerating myofibers, decreased fibrosis, and enhanced functional muscle recovery after cryoinjury. We recently reported that complement C1q, secreted by macrophages, activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promoted aging-related decline in regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle. Notably, irbesartan induced M2 polarization of macrophages, but reduced C1q expression in cryoinjured muscles and in cultured macrophage cells. Irbesartan inhibited up-regulation of Axin2, a downstream gene of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, in cryoinjured muscles. In addition, topical administration of C1q reversed beneficial effects of irbesartan on skeletal muscle regeneration after injury. These results suggest that AT1 receptor blockade improves muscle repair and regeneration through down-regulation of the aging-promoting C1q-Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
La trappe ionique et l'ionisation electrospray : un nouveau potentiel pour la caracterisation des biomolecules. caracterisation de biomolecules presentes en faible quantite par spectrometrie de masse et spectrometrie de masse multiple (ms n) (2001)

LA RECENTE INNOVATION INSTRUMENTALE DE LA SPECTROMETRIE DE MASSE A PERMIS D'ETENDRE LES POSSIBILITES DE LA TECHNIQUE D'ANALYSE EN AMELIORANT LES PERFORMANCES, ET EN ACCEDANT GRACE A LA SPECTROMETRIE DE MASSE TANDEM (MS 2) A DES INFORMATIONS STRUCTURALES FINES CARACTERISTIQUES DES MOLECULES ANALYSEES. L'OBJECTIF DE CE TRAVAIL A ETE D'EVALUER LES POSSIBILITES D'UNE NOUVELLE GENERATION DE SPECTROMETRE DE MASSE CAPABLE D'EFFECTUER DES ANALYSES MS N ; L'ESQUIRE-LC CONSTITUE D'UN ANALYSEUR TRAPPE IONIQUE (IT) COUPLE A UNE SOURCE ELECTROSPRAY (ES). LA PREMIERE PARTIE DU MANUSCRIT PRESENTE LA CARACTERISATION DES BIOMOLECULES PAR MS ET MS N ET PRECISE LES INFORMATIONS STRUCTURALES OBTENUES (CHAPITRE I). APRES AVOIR OPTIMISE L'ESQUIRE-LC (CHAPITRE II), NOUS AVONS ADAPTE DES STRATEGIES D'ANALYSES NANOES-MS N A CHAQUE ETUDE ABORDEE DANS LE CHAPITRE III. NOUS AVONS AINSI MIS EN EVIDENCE, DES MODIFICATIONS PROTEIQUES (ANALYSE PROTEOMIQUE ET ANALYSE DE NOUVEAUX VARIANTS D'HEMOGLOBINE), CARACTERISE UNE MODIFICATION ENGENDREE PAR UN INHIBITEUR SUR UNE ENZYME (L'ADOHCY HYDROLASE), SEQUENCE DE NOVO UN PEPTIDE N-BLOQUE ISSU DE LA DROSOPHILE ET ACCEDE AUX STRUCTURES COMPLEXES DES GLYCOSYLATIONS PROTEIQUES. LA DEUXIEME PARTIE DU MANUSCRIT PRESENTE DES ETUDES DE CARACTERISATION D'EDIFICES NON-COVALENTS BIOLOGIQUES QUI NECESSITENT DES PRECAUTIONS D'ANALYSE MS MINUTIEUSES (CHAPITRE I). NOTRE OBJECTIF ETAIT DE DETERMINER PREALABLEMENT LES CONDITIONS INSTRUMENTALES ADEQUATES DE L'ESQUIRE-LC, PROPICES AU MAINTIEN DES INTERACTIONS FAIBLES EN PHASE GAZEUSE ET A L'INTEGRITE DE L'EDIFICE NON-COVALENT (CHAPITRE II). TRES PRISEE PAR LES BIOLOGISTES, LA MS SUPRAMOLECULAIRE NOUS A PERMIS D'EVALUER LA SELECTIVITE DU CIS PLATINE POUR L'ADN (CHAPITRE III). CE TRAVAIL SOULIGNE L'INTERET DE LA MS N PAR ES-IT POUR L'ELUCIDATION STRUCTURALE DES BIOMOLECULES. IL EST CEPENDANT PRIMORDIAL DE MAITRISER LES DIFFERENTS PARAMETRES INSTRUMENTAUX QUI FACILITENT L'OBTENTION DES INFORMATIONS MAIS SURTOUT LEUR QUALITE.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterolytic C‐O Cleavage in Arylethers Activated by (Fe(η5‐C5H5))+. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Femtosecond intersystem crossing to the reactive triplet state of the 2,6-dithiopurine skin cancer photosensitizer (2021)

Site-selected sulfur-substituted nucleobases are a class of all organic, heavy-atom-free photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy applications that exhibit excellent photophysical properties such as strong absorption in the ultraviolet-A region of the electromagnetic spectrum, near-unity triplet yields, and a high yield of singlet oxygen generation. Recent investigations on doubly thionated nucleobases, 2,4-dithiothymine, 2,4-dithiouracil, and 2,6-dithiopurine, demonstrated that these set of dithionated nucleobases outperform the photodynamic efficacy exhibit by 4-thiothymidine-the most widely studied singly substituted thiobase to date. Out of the three dithionated nucleobases, 2,6-dithiopurine was shown to be the most effective, exhibiting inhibition of cell proliferation of up to 63% when combined with a low UVA dose of 5 J cm<sup>-2</sup>. In this study, we elucidated the electronic relaxation pathways leading to the population of the reactive triplet state of 2,6-dithiopurine. 2,6-Dithiopurine populates the triplet manifold in less than 150 fs, reaching the nπ* triplet state minimum within a lifetime of 280 ± 50 fs. Subsequently, the population in the nπ* triplet state minimum internally converts to the long-lived ππ* triplet state within a lifetime of 3 ± 1 ps. The relatively slow internal conversion lifetime is associated with major conformational relaxation in going from the nπ* to ππ* triplet state minimum. A unity triplet yield of 1.0 ± 0.1 is measured.
Interconnecting SS7 signaling networks (1990)

The authors discuss signaling system No. 7 (SS7) network interconnection at the network services (message transfer part and signaling connection control part) protocol layers, emphasizing the gateway signal transfer point (STP). Network interconnection is possible on a basis sufficiently open to allow full call- and service-related signaling, while preventing abuses with the appropriate screening. Subjects such as possible network architectures, signaling network routing and management, and OA&M (operations, administration and maintenance) procedures are discussed as related to the applicable SS7 protocol standards. Supporting signaling protocols that are evolving in standards organizations are discussed, as are screening issues that are not defined in the SS7 protocol.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Photocurrent spectroscopy of semiconductor electrodes in liquid junction solar cells (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotocurrent spectroscopy of semiconductor electrodes in liquid junction solar cellsA. Heller, K. C. Chang, and B. MillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 3, 684–688Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00471a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00471a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views273Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Deep-level noise characterization of MOVPE-grown β -Ga2O3 (2019)

We measure the low-frequency noise in epitaxial β-Ga2O3 grown by MOVPE. Both 1/f and generation-recombination noise components are well resolved. The Hooge parameters characterizing the 1/f noise are 3 × 10–4 at room temperature and 2 × 10–5 at temperatures near 200 K. Mid bandgap trap states result in generation-recombination noise that is analyzed using temperature dependent low-frequency deep-level noise spectroscopy. Trap levels with energies of 165, 127, and 37 meV below the conduction band minimum are characterized in terms of density and activation energy.
Models of coherent exciton condensation (2004)

That excitons in solids might condense into a phase-coherent ground state was proposed about 40 years ago, and has been attracting experimental and theoretical attention ever since. Although experimental confirmation has been hard to come by, the concepts released by this phenomenon have been widely influential. This tutorial review discusses general aspects of the theory of exciton and polariton condensates, focussing on the reasons for coherence in the ground state wavefunction, the BCS to Bose crossover(s) for excitons and for polaritons, and the relationship of the coherent condensates to standard lasers.
Processes of late Quaternary turbidity current flow and deposition on the Var deep‐sea fan, north‐west Mediterranean Sea (1993)

ABSTRACT High‐resolution seismic boomer profiles, with a vertical resolution of less than 1 m, together with piston cores and previous side‐scan sonar data, are used to describe late Quaternary sedimentation on the Var deep‐sea fan. Chronological control is provided by foram biostratigraphy and radiocarbon dating in cores, and is extended over the fan by seismic correlation. Regional erosional events correspond to the oxygen isotopic stage 2 and 6 glacial maxima. Cores and seismic data define a widespread surface sand layer that is correlated with prodelta failure in 1979 and subsequent submarine cable breaks. Numerical modelling constrains the character of this 1979 turbidity current. It originated from a relatively small slide on the upper prodelta that put sufficient material in suspension to form an accelerating turbidity current which eroded sand from the Var Canyon. The turbidity current was only 30 m thick on the Upper Valley, but experienced significant flow expansion in the Middle Valley to thicknesses of more than 120 m, where it spilled over the eastern Var Sedimentary Ridge at a velocity of about 2·5 m s −1 . Other Holocene turbidity currents (with a recurrence interval of 1000 years) were somewhat muddier and thicker, but also deposited sand on the levees of the Middle Valley, and are inferred to have had a similar slide‐related origin. Late Pleistocene turbidity currents deposited thick mud beds on the Var Sedimentary Ridge. The presence of sediment waves and the mean cross‐flow slope inferred from levee asymmetry indicates that some of these flows were many hundreds of metres thick and flowed at velocities of about 0·35 m s −1 . This contrast with Holocene turbidites suggests that a slide origin is unlikely. Estimated times for deposition of thick mud beds on the levees are many days to weeks. The Late Pleistocene flows may therefore result from hyperpycnal flow of glacial outwash in the Var River. The variation in the Late Pleistocene to Holocene turbidite sedimentation is controlled more by variations in sediment supply than by sea‐level change.