gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxime as a general photocage for the design of visible light photo-activatable fluorophores (2021)

Photoactivatable fluorophores have been widely used for tracking molecular and cellular dynamics with subdiffraction resolution. In this work, we have prepared a series of photoactivatable probes using the oxime moiety as a new class of photolabile caging group in which the photoactivation process is mediated by a highly efficient photodeoximation reaction. Incorporation of the oxime caging group into fluorophores results in loss of fluorescence. Upon light irradiation in the presence of air, the oxime-caged fluorophores are oxidized to their carbonyl derivatives, restoring strong fluorophore fluorescence. To demonstrate the utility of these oxime-caged fluorophores, we have created probes that target different organelles for live-cell confocal imaging. We also carried out photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) imaging under physiological conditions using low-power light activation in the absence of cytotoxic additives. Our studies show that oximes represent a new class of visible-light photocages that can be widely used for cellular imaging, sensing, and photo-controlled molecular release.
Unsymmetric main-chain liquid crystal elastomers with tunable phase behaviour: elastic response (2011)

In this paper are reported the results of an investigation of the mechanical and thermoelastic properties of a new series of polysiloxane-based MC-LCEs containing different unsymmetric mesogenic units, siloxane spacers and cross-linkers. The structure of the networks has been varied systematically in order to study their properties. The mechanical properties of polydomain and monodomain elastomers were characterised by stress and strain measurements. The mechanical behaviour of the elastomer networks can be divided into two groups according to the phases they presented. Elastomers that contained flexible cross-linker, C1, and showed a SmC phase, demonstrated a non-linear elastic response when stress was applied in the axis of the domain director, in contrast to earlier experiments. In the axis normal to the director, at low strains, the response was linear and the Young's modulus was ten times lower compared to that in the axis of the director, demonstrating the marked anisotropic nature of these systems. The elastomers containing cross-linker C2 were nematic and showed lower Young's moduli compared to the smectic systems. The thermoelastic response of these systems showed spontaneous elongations up to 88% of strain when the samples were cooled from the isotropic to the liquid crystal phase, supporting stresses of 120 kPa. The properties are discussed in terms of the chemical structure of the networks in order to establish a correlation.
The Cross Marks the Spot: The Emerging Role of JmjC Domain-Containing Proteins in Myeloid Malignancies (2021)

Histone methylation tightly regulates chromatin accessibility, transcription, proliferation, and cell differentiation, and its perturbation contributes to oncogenic reprogramming of cells. In particular, many myeloid malignancies show evidence of epigenetic dysregulation. Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing proteins comprise a large and diverse group of histone demethylases (KDMs), which remove methyl groups from lysines in histone tails and other proteins. Cumulating evidence suggests an emerging role for these demethylases in myeloid malignancies, rendering them attractive targets for drug interventions. In this review, we summarize the known functions of Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing proteins in myeloid malignancies. We highlight challenges in understanding the context-dependent mechanisms of these proteins and explore potential future pharmacological targeting.
Release of MicroRNA‐Containing Vesicles Can Stimulate Angiogenesis and Metastasis in Renal Carcinoma (2013)

Renal cell carcinoma is a common form of urologic tumor, with low incidence but a high metastatic rate at diagnosis and high frequency of relapse. Renal cell carcinoma comprises a heterogeneous group of subtypes, classified according to their histopathological features and clinical behavior. Diagnostic approaches used to identify malignant tissue are based on immunohistochemical techniques. However, new molecular methods have been recently proposed for profiling and staging renal tumors based on their microRNA (miRNAs) expression. In fact, miRNAs have been shown to have abnormal levels in many cancers compared with their normal tissue counterparts. For this reason, along with the fact that they are present in biological fluids, miRNAs could serve as a useful diagnostic tool. Moreover, miRNAs may modify the translational profile of cells through direct degradation of their target mRNAs or by blocking their translation into functional proteins. The biological function of secretory miRNAs requires protection from extracellular degrading enzymes, which is achieved by envelopment of miRNAs within extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are subsequently secreted. EVs are a heterogeneous population of vesicles that includes shedding vesicles and exosomes, and are variable in size, composition, and releasing mechanisms. Following uptake, EVs are able to induce epigenetic modifications in target cells by the transfer of active proteins, lipids, RNA, and miRNAs. Therefore, through the transfer of selected miRNAs, tumor-released EVs may provide oncogenic signals to stromal cells. In particular, EVs released from renal carcinoma stem cells contain miRNAs that are potentially involved in triggering angiogenesis and metastasis.
Cruise Report for cruise Kilo Moana KM1811 in the U.S. Gulf of Alaska continental margin (2018)

Cruise report of RV Kilo Moana cruise 1811 on the U.S. margin in the Gulf of Alaska, north Pacific Ocean. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), on behalf of the United States Government, has a requirement to carry out mapping surveys of specific regions on the margins in the Gulf of Alaska, north Pacific Ocean in order to determine the detailed bathymetry of the margins. The data are required to support any potential claim for extended jurisdiction by the United States under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) Article 76. The requirement is for the collection and processing of full-coverage multibeam sonar data in water depths of approximately 1000 to 5500 m in order to precisely define the location of potential natural prolongations to the continent as defined under UNCLOS Article 76. As part of the NOAA-funded research program, University of Hawaii researchers oversaw data acquisition, and University of New Hampshire (UNH) researchers performed the cruise planning and oversaw processing and archiving of the data collected during the cruise. A full patch test was conducted in deep water in the immediate area prior to commencement of mapping. New sound-speed profiles were collected by 139 XBT casts whenever the sound speed at the transducer differed by more than 0.5 m/s. All soundings are within 0.5% (2 sigma) of water depth, based on cross-line checks. Positions were determined by corrected differential GPS-aided inertial navigation. Sound-speed profiles were calculated from an XBT cast calibrated to an XSV cast during a patch test performed on the cruise prior to data collection. Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Horizontal positioning of the vessel was determined using Applanix POS/MV inertial motion unit (IMU) version 5 which was provided with wide-area satellite-based differential positioning using the built-in Fugro Marinestar service as well as GNSS G2 service. Positioning is accurate to better than 0.5 meters (at 95% confidence) during all surveying. All positioning is referenced to the WGS84 Datum. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Depth errors are within +/-0.5% of water depth. Process_Description: Raw data are as recorded by Kongsberg Maritime SIS data acquisition system. Depth units: meters Reference ellipsoid: WGS-84 Projection: unprojected geographic longitude, latitude Vertical reference: instantaneous sea level.
IgE and its related phenomena in bullous pemphigoid (1993)

This study was designed to analyse IgE and its related phenomena in bullous pemphigoid (BP). We analysed 17 BP sera by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and immunoblotting (IB) using a monoclonal antibody to IgE. In addition, inflammatory cells in lesional skin from 11 patients with BP were analysed by the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique using monoclonal antibodies to IgE and Fc epsilon RII/CD23. IgE class anti-basement membrane zone (BMZ) autoantibody was detected in nine of 17 sera (52.9%) by IIF. IgG class anti-BMZ antibody could block the BMZ-binding reactivity of IgE class antibody. Titres of IgE class autoantibody in the sera ranged from 1:40 to 1:320, and statistically correlated with serum IgE levels. Two of 11 sera contained an IgE class autoantibody which recognized a 230-kDa BP antigen by IB. By radio-allergosorbent test (RAST), IgE-specific antibodies to an extended series of common inhalant and food allergens were detectable in six sera with high concentrations of total IgE (over 3,300 IU/ml). IgE-bearing and Fc epsilon RII-expressing cells were demonstrated in the upper dermis and along the BMZ in seven of 11 biopsy specimens by the APAAP technique. The distribution and number of IgE-bearing cells in the lesions were similar to those of the Fc epsilon RII-expressing cells. These results suggest that both IgE-mediated immune responses and autoimmunity characterize BP as distinctive features.
Distinct effects of orexin 2 receptor antagonism and dual orexin 1,2 receptor antagonism on sleep architecture in mice. (2013)

Dual orexin receptor (OXR) antagonists (DORAs) such as almorexant, SB-649868, suvorexant (MK-4305) and filorexant (MK-6096), have shown promise for the treatment of insomnias and sleep disorders. Whether antagonism of both OX1R and OX2R is necessary for sleep induction has been a matter of some debate. Experiments using knockout mice suggest that it may be sufficient to antagonize only OX2R. The recent identification of an orally bioavailable, brain penetrant OX2R selective antagonist 2-((1H-Indol-3-yl)methyl)-9-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-1-one (IPSU) has allowed us to directly test whether selective antagonism of OX2R may also be a viable strategy for induction of sleep. We have previously demonstrated that IPSU and suvorexant increase sleep when dosed during the mouse active phase (lights off); IPSU achieving this primarily by increasing NREM sleep, suvorexant primarily by increasing REM sleep. Here, we tested the effects of suvorexant and IPSU during the inactive phase (lights on), in order to determine their effects on sleep architecture during a phase when sleep is naturally more prevalent. At the doses tested, only suvorexant further decreased wake during the inactive period and only during the first hour after drug application. Whereas IPSU was devoid of effects on the time spent in NREM or REM, suvorexant substantially disturbed the sleep architecture by selectively increasing REM during the first 4 hours after dosing. Thus, OX2R selective antagonists may have a reduced tendency for perturbing NREM/REM architecture in comparison with DORAs. Whether this effect will prove to be a general feature of SORAs versus DORAs remains to be seen.
Long connected plasma channels in air produced by ultrashort UV laser pulses (2000)

Summary form only given. Several studies have shown recently that ultrashort infrared laser pulses propagating through atmosphere may create long plasma filaments. We present an investigation of the nonlinear propagation of ultrashort UV laser pulses in air. We show, for the first time, that it is possible to form connected plasma channels extending over several meters by using as little as 1.7 mJ per pulse having a duration of 450 fs.
[Pollution levels of the anesthetic agent fluorurate (gas chromatography study)]. (1979)

Using a simple, highly sensitive technique, the rate of pollution due to enflurane in an operating theatre with two beds and two respirators but without an air exchange system has been measured. After much debate and after seven serious cases of viral hepatitis among medical staff, the facility was closed because it was judged to be unusable and because the surgical department using it was moved elsewhere.
PGD-VTCR: A Reduced Order Model Technique to Solve Medium Frequency Broad Band Problems on Complex Acoustical Systems (2014)

The calculation of vibrational responses of complex systems on frequency bands appears to be more and more important in engineering simulation. This is particularly true in the medium frequency regime where the solution is very sensitive to the frequency. In this work, we propose a new path to determine the frequency response of a system at many frequencies. It is based on the variational theory of complex rays (VTCR), a mid frequency dedicated numerical strategy, and the proper generalized decomposition (PGD), a model order reduction technique. The VTCR enables one to model the problem thanks to the use of waves, and the PGD expands the VTCR approximation over the frequency band through a separated variable representation. This strategy is illustrated on a 2-D acoustic car cavity example.
Ultrasonic Micromanipulation of Small Particles in Liquid (1994)

New ultrasonic micromanipulation techniques for small particles in liquid based on the forces due to radiation pressure of high-frequency ultrasound are proposed, using VHF-range leaky wave transducers. The proposed manipulator has the advantages of the efficient generation of high-frequency ultrasonic waves into very small quantities of liquid containing small particles such as biomaterials, and the isolation of electrodes of the transducer from the liquid. Transportation and trapping of 100-µm-diameter small glass spheres in water are confirmed by preliminary experiments at a frequency of 49 MHz and acoustic intensity of about 8 mW/mm 2 .
Widely tunable infrared (5.5-11.2 μm) difference frequency generation in LiInS/sub 2/ (2004)

The first demonstration, to the best of our knowledge, of continuous-wave (cw) difference-frequency generation in LiInS/sub 2/ crystal is reported. Two Ar/sup +/ laser-pumped Ti:sapphire lasers were employed as widely tunable pump sources. With a total input power intensity of /spl sim/5 kW/cm/sup 2/, DFG power of 33.5 nW was produced at 7 /spl mu/m, which yielded a power conversion efficiency of about 1 /spl mu/W/(W/sup 2/.cm), and an estimated effective nonlinear coefficient d/sub eff/ of 4.17 pm/V.
Towards an off-grid fecal sludge treatment unit: demonstrating energy positive thermal treatment (2019)

<b>Background</b>: There is an unmet demand for community-scale fecal sludge treatment units (FSTUs) that serve communities of between 1,000 and 50,000 people and are able to operate in non-sewered and off-grid environments. An emerging industry standard for FSTUs includes as a key criteria energy independence in steady-state. Theoretically, there is sufficient thermal energy available in fecal sludge to provide the electrical power needed to run the FSTU. However, such a system had never been implemented. <b>Methods</b>: Biomass Controls has previously demonstrated the thermal treatment of fecal sludge using the Biogenic Refinery, a thermal FSTU deployed in three sites in India. In this article we describe testing where a Biogenic Refinery was paired with a thermal fluid heat exchanger and organic Rankine cycle generator to generate electrical power. <b>Results</b>: This Biogenic Refinery combined heat and power system generated sufficient electrical power to offset electrical parasitic loads in steady-state operation and produce a surplus of 1.2 kWe. <b>Conclusions</b>: The results of the study demonstrate that there is an excess of energy available and reliable mechanisms to generate electrical energy using an FSTU. Additional steps are necessary to transition to a true off-grid FSTU.
A Method to Characterize the Quality of a Polymer Laser Sintering Process (2014)

The reproducibility and reliability of quality aspects are an important challenge of the polymer laser sintering process. However, existing quality concepts and standardization activities considering influencing factors along the whole process chain have not been validated experimentally yet. In this work, these factors are analyzed and kept constant to obtain a reliable material data set for different layer thicknesses and testing temperatures. In addition, material qualities regarding powder ageing effects are analyzed using different build heights and layer thicknesses: while an increase of the layer thickness reduces mechanical part strength and density, it also results in a less intense thermal ageing of unmolten powder due to shorter build times.
Statistical information retrieval modelling (2011)

Statistical modelling of Information Retrieval (IR) systems is a key driving force in the development of the IR field. The goal of this tutorial is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to statistical IR modelling. We take a fresh and systematic perspective from the viewpoint of portfolio theory of IR and risk management. A unified treatment and new insights will be given to reflect the recent developments of considering the ranked retrieval results as a whole. Recent research progress in diversification, risk management, and portfolio theory will be covered, in addition to classic methods such as Maron and Kuhns' Probabilistic Indexing, Robertson-Sparck Jones model (and the resulting BM25 formula) and language modelling approaches. The tutorial also reviews the resulting practical algorithms of risk-aware query expansion, diverse ranking, IR metric optimization as well as their performance evaluations. Practical IR applications such as web search, multimedia retrieval, and collaborative filtering are also introduced, as well as discussion of new opportunities for future research and applications that intersect among information retrieval, knowledge management, and databases.
Applications of Space Mapping Optimization Technology to Filter Design (2001)

One of the frontiers that remains in the optimization of large engineering systems is the successful application of optimization
procedures in problems where direct optimization is not practical. The recent exploitation of surrogates in conjunction with “true”
models, the development of artificial neural network approaches to device modeling and the implementation of space mapping are
attempts to address this issue.
Our original “Space Mapping” concept, first conceived in 1993, and the subsequent Aggressive Space Mapping approach to
engineering design optimization will be discussed, along with new variations. Aggressive space mapping optimization closely follows
the traditional experience and intuition of designers. It has been amply demonstrated as a very natural and flexible way of
systematically optimizing microwave filters.
Space mapping optimization intelligently links companion “coarse” and “fine” models of different complexities, e.g., full-wave
electromagnetic simulations and empirical circuit-theory based simulations, to accelerate iterative design optimization of engineering
structures. New trust region space mapping optimization algorithms will be mentioned.
We briefly review the Expanded Space Mapping Design Framework (ESMDF) concept in which we allow preassigned parameters, not
used in optimization, to change in some components of the coarse model. Other recent developments include the introduction of the
object oriented SMX system to facilitate implementation of our algorithms in conjunction with certain commercial simulators.
Extensive filter design examples complement the presentation.
＜翻訳＞ チョン・ソンジン 「レーニンの経済学批判」 (2007)

「レーニンを反復するということは，レーニンに復帰することを意味するのではない。レーニンを反復するということは，「レーニンは死んだ」という事実を認定すること，その特定の解法が失敗したということ，失敗でも，途方もなく失敗したという事実を認識すること，しかし，その中に救い出す価値があるユートピア的火花が存在するという事実を認識することである。レーニンを反復するということは，レーニンが実際にしたことと，彼が開いた可能性の領域を，レーニンから，彼が実際にしたことと，さらに別の次元，すなわち「レーニンの中にあるレーニン以上のもの」を区別しなければならない，ということを意味している。レーニンを反復するということは，レーニンがしたことを反復するということではなくて，レーニンができなかったこと，彼が逃した機会を反復するということである。
Lazy Learning Methods for Quality of Life Assessment in People with Intellectual Disabilities (2011)

In this paper we present a preliminary work applying machine learning techniques to the assessment of quality of life (QOL). In 2008 the Government of Catalonia introduced the GENCAT scale, a QOL questionnaire for dependent people users of the social and human services of Catalonia. Using data from a QOL research of 50 people with intellectual disabilities and/or mental illness of the Taller Jeroni de Moragas, we have applied a lazy learning method to discover relations between the different dimensions considered in the GENCAT scale. Our goal is to provide a basis to refine the model of QOL in a way that could support general intervention programs and a better understanding of the necessities of dependent people. This study is an interdisciplinary research of computer scientists, psychologists and human service practitioners.
Prognostic significance of a new system for categorization of the number of lymph node metastases in gastric cancer. (2011)

Categorization of the number of metastatic lymph nodes (1-3 or > or = 4) was easy and provided an accurate predictor of survival in patients with gastric cancer.
Mechanism of theortho-paraconversion of hydrogen on Ag surfaces (2008)

Ortho-para conversion of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and para-ortho conversion of ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ on an Ag surface were investigated by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization combined with photostimulated desorption. The conversion processes were found to be accelerated by laser irradiation at $193\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, while photo-irradiation at $532\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ had little effect on the conversion time. The natural conversion time of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ was estimated to be 610 and $1030\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}$, respectively. The roles of electron transfer and rotational-energy dissipation in the conversion are discussed.
Advanced High Turning Compressor Airfoils for Low Reynolds Number Condition: Part 1 — Design and Optimization (2003)

A high performance compressor airfoil at a low Reynolds number condition (Re = 1.3×105) has been developed using evolutionary algorithms in order to improve the performance of the outlet guide vane (OGV), used in a single low pressure turbine (LPT) of a small turbofan engine for business jet aircrafts. Two different numerical optimization methods, the Evolution Strategy (ES) and the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA), were adopted for the design process to minimize the total pressure loss and the deviation angle at the design point at low Reynolds number condition. Especially, with respect to the MOGA, robustness against changes of the incidence angle is considered. The optimization process includes the representation of the blade geometry, the generation of a numerical grid and a blade-to-blade analysis using a quasi-three-dimensional (Q3D) Navier-Stokes solver with a k-ω turbulence model including a newly implemented transition model to evaluate the performance. Overall aerodynamic performance and boundary layer properties for the two optimized blades are discussed numerically. The superior performance of the two optimized airfoils is demonstrated by a comparison with conventional controlled diffusion airfoils (CDA). The advantage in performance has been confirmed by detailed experimental investigations, which are presented in Part 2 of this paper.
Simultaneous perineal ultrasound and vaginal pressure measurement prove the action of electrical pudendal nerve stimulation in treating female stress incontinence (2012)

• EPNS can contract the PFM and simulate PFMT. • EPNS is an alternative therapy for female SUI patients who fail PFMT and TES.