gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aligning 3D models to RGB-D images of cluttered scenes (2015)

The goal of this work is to represent objects in an RGB-D scene with corresponding 3D models from a library. We approach this problem by first detecting and segmenting object instances in the scene and then using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict the pose of the object. This CNN is trained using pixel surface normals in images containing renderings of synthetic objects. When tested on real data, our method outperforms alternative algorithms trained on real data. We then use this coarse pose estimate along with the inferred pixel support to align a small number of prototypical models to the data, and place into the scene the model that fits best. We observe a 48% relative improvement in performance at the task of 3D detection over the current state-of-the-art [34], while being an order of magnitude faster.
“(Hot‐)Water‐Proof”, Semiconducting, Platinum‐Based Chain Structures: Processing, Products, and Properties (2003)

A promising solution to the environmental instability of semiconducting organic materials is presented. Thin, highly ordered films (see Figure, a scanning probe microscopy image), fibers, and field‐effect transistors (FETs), comprising chain‐structures based on the so‐called Magnus’ green salt, [Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ]‐[PtCl 4 ], were synthesized in aqueous media (see Cover). FETs were manufactured under ambient conditions from common organic solvents, and exposed—without significant loss of performance—to white light and air for periods of time in excess of 6 months, and to water of 90 °C for more than 12 h.
Cochlear compression estimates from measurements of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (2003)

Evidence of the compressive growth of basilar-membrane displacement can be seen in distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) levels measured as a function of stimulus level. When the levels of the two stimulus tones (f1 and f2) are related by the formula L1 = 39 dB + 0.4 x L2 [Kummer et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 3431-3444 (1998)] the shape of the function relating DPOAE level to L2 is similar (up to an L2 of 70 dB SPL) to the classic Fletcher and Munson [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 9, 1-10 (1933)] loudness function when plotted on a logarithmic scale. Explicit estimates of compression have been derived based on recent DPOAE measurements from the laboratory. If DPOAE growth rate is defined as the slope of the DPOAE I/O function (in dB/dB), then a cogent definition of compression is the reciprocal of the growth rate. In humans with normal hearing, compression varies from about 1 at threshold to about 4 at 70 dB SPL. With hearing loss, compression is still about 1 at threshold, but grows more slowly above threshold. Median DPOAE I/O data from ears with normal hearing, mild loss, and moderate loss are each well fit by log functions. When the I/O function is logarithmic, then the corresponding compression is a linear function of stimulus level. Evidence of cochlear compression also exists in DPOAE suppression tuning curves, which indicate the level of a third stimulus tone (f3) that reduces DPOAE level by 3 dB. All three stimulus tones generate compressive growth within the cochlea; however, only the relative compression (RC) of the primary and suppressor responses is observable in DPOAE suppression data. An RC value of 1 indicates that the cochlear responses to the primary and suppressor components grow at the same rate. In normal ears, RC rises to 4, when f3 is an octave below f2. The similarities between DPOAE and loudness compression estimates suggest the possibility of predicting loudness growth from DPOAEs; however, intersubject variability makes such predictions difficult at this time.
Porous silicon for microelectronics and optoelectronics (1997)

Porous silicon is a material which is obtained by anodic dissolution of monocrystalline silicon in concentrated hydrofluoric acid solutions. Its structure consists of a network of interconnected pores of very small radii (in the range 1.5–20 nm) corresponding to porosities which can be varied up to 90% according to the formation parameters: silicon doping level, electrolyte composition and anodic current density. The formation mechanisms of porous silicon are briefly presented, and the main properties of the material are reviewed. It is shown that they are at the origin of different applications in the field of thin films for microelectronics and for microsensor technology. The interest in porous silicon has been renewed recently by the discovery of a bright emission of visible light at room temperature from high porosity porous silicon films. The main characteristics of this new property, which opens up possibilities for silicon based optoelectronics, are described and discussed in relation to the mechanisms proposed for the light emission. Recent results on the visible electroluminescence which is obtained either from electrolytic cells or from solid devices are also presented.
Discrimination of Symptoms for Diagnosis of Hwabyung (2010)

Objectives This study aimed to identify the essential symptoms for diagnosing Hwabyung. Methods We assessed 221 patients with depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, adjustment disorder, and so-called Hwabyung, using a structured diagnostic interview schedule that included the Korean version of SCID-I and the preliminary diagnostic criteria for Hwabyung. To select essential symptoms for diagnosing Hwabyung, we performed statistical analyses including factor analysis and logistic regression Results Statistical analysis revealed that sensations of heat, an epigastric mass, and something pushing up in the chest ; feelings of unfair treatment ; anger ; respiratory stuffiness ; palpitations; headaches ; sighing ; haan ; depressive mood ; frightening easily ; dry mouth; and many thoughts were the essential symptoms for a diagnosis of Hwabyung. Conclusion Based on these results, we suggest a research diagnostic criteria for Hwabyung.
Identification of a tumor marker chromosome by flow sorting, DNA amplification in vitro, and in situ hybridization of the amplified product (1993)

A method combining flow sorting and molecular cytogenetic techniques for the identification of unknown marker chromosomes is described. In this study, the bladder tumor cell line J82 was used, which was known to carry a marker chromosome of the size of chromosome 7 in every cell. From the cytogenetic analysis of Q-banded metaphase cells, it was shown to be composed of approximately 40% presumably the greater part of chromosome 20 and for the rest microscopically unidentifiable material. This marker chromosome was found using flow cytometric analysis to form an independent peak and hence was suitable for isolation using dual-parameter sorting after staining with Hoechst 33258 and chromomycin A3. Subsequently, the marker was isolated by dual-parameter sorting. DNA amplification of 300 isolated chromosomes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the Alu-primer Bk33 and the LINES-primer LH5 was carried out. After purification of the amplified product, a yield of 5 microns of DNA was obtained. The DNA was labelled using Bio-11-dUTP and applied to human lymphocyte metaphase cells in a suppressive in situ hybridization procedure. Fluorescence was visible over chromosome 20 and over the distal one-half of 6p. Together the fluorescent regions accounted for only approximately 60% of the marker length, indicating a possible duplication of chromosome 20 material. This was confirmed by applying bicolor in situ hybridization using chromosome 6- and 20-specific DNA libraries to metaphase cells of the J82 cells.
Neural network-based F0 text-to-speech synthesiser for Mandarin (1994)

A neural-network-based approach to synthesising F0 information for Mandarin text-to-speech is discussed. The basic idea is to use neural networks to model the relationship between linguistic features. Extracted from input text and parameters representing the pitch contour of syllables. Two MLPs are used to separately synthesise the mean and shape of pitch contour, using different linguistic features. A large set of utterances is employed to train these MLPs using the well known back-propagation algorithm. Pronunciation rules for generating F0 information are automatically learned and implicitly memorised by the MLPs. In the synthesis, parameters representing the mean and shape of the pitch contour of each syllable are generated using linguistic features extracted from the given input text. Simulation results confirmed that this is a promising approach for F0 synthesis. The resulting synthesised pitch contours of syllables match well with their original counterparts. Average root mean square errors of 0.94 ms/frame and 1.00 ms/frame were achieved.
Cutset width and spacing for Reduced Cutset Coding of Markov random fields (2016)

This paper analyzes the rate, redundancy and complexity of a generalized version of Reduced Cutset Coding (RCC) [4] in which cutset lines can consist of more than one image row. We show that increasing the thickness of the lines reduces coding rate for the cutset, increasing the spacing of the lines increases the coding rate of the non-cutset pixels, though the coding rate of the latter is always strictly less than that of the former. We show that the redundancy of RCC can be decomposed into two terms, a correlation redundancy due to coding the components of the cutset independently, and a distribution redundancy due to coding the cutset as a reduced Ising model [3]. We show that the correlation redundancy decreases with increasing spacing of the lines, and that the parameter of the reduced Ising model approaches the true parameter monotonically in the thickness of the lines. We present a learning phase in which the true parameter of the model is learned as well as the parameter of the reduced model. Numerical simulations show that only small improvements in rate-complexity performance are possible by increasing line widths, though rates within 3 to 4 percent of the entropy rate can be achieved with only 20 to 50 operations per pixel through combinations of line thickness and spacing.
From periodic oscillations to chaos in metabolic and genetic control networks (2004)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Figure S8 from Targeting Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Restores BRAF Inhibitor Sensitivity in BRAFi-resistant Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;MT1-MMP overexpression&lt;/p&gt;
Reactions of 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole with phenyl and with methyl radicals (1974)

The reaction of 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole (I) with phenyl radicals, at room temperature, afforded diphenyl sulphide, dibenzothiophen, thianthren, 4-phenylthiodibenzothiophen, and 1,2-bisphenylthiobenzene. Similarly the reaction of (I) with methyl radicals gave thioanisole, thianthren, 4-methylthiodibenzothiophen, and 1-methylthio-2-phenylthiobenzene. A mechanism is proposed which assumes initial attack of phenyl or methyl radical at the sulphur atom of (I) to give o-phenylthio-(X) or o-methylthio-phenyl radical.
P-02 Pathophysiology of sexual dysfunctions (2008)

This chapter deals with TiO2-based dye-sensitized solar cell. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an n-type wide band gap semiconductor, which is transparent for visible light. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) convert visible light energy to electrical energy through charge separation in sensitizer dyes adsorbed on a wide band gap semiconductor. Energy conversion from dye-sensitized TiO2 electrode immersed in an electrolyte is reported by Vlachopoulos. Although the charge separation was able to occur at high efficiency, energy conversion efficiency is not high because of low light absorption coefficient of the solar cells. By designing proper electrode thickness and sensitization dyes, DSCs are able to absorb most of the visible light. The development of the solar cell covers the wide range of chemistry and physics, and all components including organic and inorganic materials should be designed properly in view of kinetics of electron transport and transfer, whose mechanism is governed by nanosized structure. It is also an interesting aspect where collaboration among different fields of scientists is important to develop the solar cells and to elucidate the mechanism of solar cells' working principle. Further increase of the efficiency is gained by the interdisciplinary research.
Processing Fundamentals for Intercalation of Graphite Fibers. (1979)

Abstract : Chemical kinetics of intercalation of carbon/graphite fibers with HNO sub 3/AsF sub 5 was determined. Fiber electrical conductivity increased by about an order of magnitude. Humidity testing of the bare fiber caused deintercalation as expected but the intercalated fibers were successfully incorporated into epoxy matrix composites which maintained their properties with time at room temperature. The expected increase of IR reflectivity at 10.6 microns for the intercalated fiber composite was not obtained. The remarkable observation was made that the electrical conductivity of composites was increased by a factor of about one hundred when filled to 55% with intercalated fibers having a seven fold increase in conductivity. (Author)
Isolation of oxo-centered cobalt(III) clusters and their role in the cobalt bromide catalyzed autoxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation of oxo-centered cobalt(III) clusters and their role in the cobalt bromide catalyzed autoxidation of aromatic hydrocarbonsCharles E. Sumner Jr. and Guy R. SteinmetzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 21, 6124–6126Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00307a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00307a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views558Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Advanced Motion Correction Methods in PET (2005)

With the arrival of increasingly higher resolution PET systems, small amounts of motion can cause significant blurring in the images, compared to the intrinsic resolutions of the scanners. In this work, we have reviewed advanced correction methods for the three cases of (i) unwanted patient motion, as well as motions due to (ii) cardiac and (iii) respiratory cycles. For the first type of motion (most often studies in PET brain imaging), conventional motion-correction algorithms have relied on extraction of the motion information from the emission data itself. However, the accuracy of motion compensation in this approach is degraded by the noisy nature of the emission data. Subsequently, advanced methods, as reviewed in this work, make use of external real-time measurements of motion. Various image-based and projection-based correction methods have been discussed and compared. The paper also reviews recent and novel applications that perform corrections for cardiac and respiratory motions. Unlike conventional gating schemes, in which the cardiac and respiratory gated frames are independently reconstructed (resulting in noisy images), the reviewed methods are seen to follow a common trend of seeking to produce images of higher quality by making collective use of all the gated frames (and the estimated motion). As an observation, a general theme in motion-correction methods is seen to be the use of increasingly sophisticated software to make use of existing advanced hardware. In this sense, this field is very open to future novel ideas (hardware, and especially software) aimed at improving motion detection, characterization and compensation.
Sequence of a cDNA clone encoding the polysialic acid-rich and cytoplasmic domains of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM. (1986)

Purified fractions of the neural cell-adhesion molecule N-CAM from embryonic chicken brain contain two similar polypeptides (Mr, 160,000 and 130,000), each containing an amino-terminal external binding region, a carbohydrate-rich central region, and a carboxyl-terminal region that is associated with the cell. Previous studies indicate that the two polypeptides arise by alternative splicing of mRNAs transcribed from a single gene. We report here the 3556-nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone (pEC208) that encodes 964 amino acids from the carbohydrate and cell-associated domains of the larger N-CAM polypeptide followed by 664 nucleotides of 3' untranslated sequence. The predicted protein sequence contains attachment sites for polysialic acid-containing oligosaccharides, four tandem homologous regions of polypeptide resembling those seen in the immunoglobulin superfamily, and a single hydrophobic sequence that appears to be the membrane-spanning segment. The cytoplasmic domain carboxyl terminal to this segment includes a block of approximately equal to 250 amino acids present in the larger but not in the smaller N-CAM polypeptide. We designate these the ld (large domain) polypeptide and the sd (small domain) polypeptide. The intracellular domains of the ld and sd polypeptides are likely to be critical for cell-surface modulation of N-CAM by interacting in a differential fashion with other intrinsic proteins or with the cytoskeleton.
Cu adatom interactions with single- and polycrystallineBi2Ca1+xSr2−xCu2O8+yandYBa2Cu3O7−x (1988)

The electronic structure and surface interactions of vapor-deposited Cu on single-crystal and polycrystalline ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{1+x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+y}$ were studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results are compared to the $\frac{\mathrm{Cu}}{\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}x}}$ interface. Changes in the $\mathrm{Cu} 2p$ satellite emission indicate that the Cu adatoms do not disrupt ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{1+x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+y}$ as extensively as $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}x}$. However, deposition of Cu induces changes in the Bi environment in the superconductor, and surface segregation of Bi metal was observed at high coverages. Core-level attenuation results suggest minimal out-diffusion of oxygen, in contrast with what is observed for $\frac{\mathrm{Cu}}{\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}x}}$.
STEM-35. GTP CYCLOHYDROLASE I IN TUMOR INITIATING CELL MAINTENANCE AND GLIOBLASTOMA GROWTH: FUNCTIONS AND MECHANISMS (2017)

Glioblastoma (GBM), or grade IV astrocytoma, is a deadly disease due in part to the high degree of intratumoral heterogeneity that contributes to treatment failures. One cellular subset enriched for the capacity to propagate tumor growth and promote therapeutic resistance is brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs). The aim of the study was to define the roles of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) in regulation of BTIC phenotypes via reactive species. We examined GCH1 mRNA and protein expression in patient-derived xenografts, clinical samples and glioma gene expression datasets. GCH1 levels were modulated using lentiviral expression systems, and effects on cell growth, self-renewal, reactive species production and in vitro animal survival were determined. We found that GCH1 RNA and protein expression were increased in BTICs in comparison to non-BTICs, but that GCH1 was not exclusive to the BTIC fraction. Indeed, GCH1 was elevated in GBM in comparison to normal brain. Overexpression of GCH1 in GBM cells increased cell growth in vitro and decreased survival in an intracranial GBM mouse model. In contrast, GCH1 knockdown with short hairpin RNA in GBM cells led to growth inhibition in vitro as well as increased survival in animal models. Mechanistically, GCH1 increased CD44 expression and was critical for controlling reactive species balance, including suppressing reactive oxygen species production. In silico analyses demonstrated that higher GCH1 levels in glioma patients correlate with higher glioma grade, recurrence and worse survival. Together, our data suggest that upregulation of GCH1 in BTICs promotes tumor maintenance and is a key regulator of reactive oxygen species in GBM.
Laser-Perforated Carbon Paper Electrodes for High-Power Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (2014)

Recently, there has been considerable effort to increase the power density and lower the cost of vanadium flow battery (VRFB) systems via new system architectures and optimized electrode materials. To date, research on electrodes has primarily focused on improving the surface area, surface chemistry, pore size distribution and resistivity of the material to improve the reaction kinetics, mass transport ability and the areal series resistance (ASR).While carbon felt materials have been conventionally used, the recent push for higher power densities has required the application of new electrode materials. Carbon paper was proposed by Aaron et al. as high-performance VRFB electrode material [1]. This material has a reduced thickness and high active surface area, as compared to carbon felt, which reduces the ASR and overpotential, and significantly improves the current- and power density. In their study, the authors demonstrated a VRFB with a peak power of 557 mW cm-2 . Liu et al. further improved the performance of a VRFB with no-gap architecture by thermal pre-treatment of carbon paper electrodes in air [2]. The thermal treatment showed a 16% improvement in power density compared to the raw material. Although carbon paper electrodes exhibit significantly higher power density than carbon felt electrodes, they have a significantly lower porosity and reduced pore size. As a result, mass transport is expected to be problematic in these materials. To address these limitations, we utilized a procedure similar to Manahan et al. [3] by introducing laser perforations to facilitate the transport of reactants within this type of electrodes. A CO2 laser was employed to cut different hole patterns in SGL 10AA carbon paper. Specifically, the hole diameter and hole density (number of holes per electrode) were varied in order to better understand the tradeoffs between improved mass transport and reduced surface area in these materials. It was found that a 30% improvement in power density (as compared to non-perforated electrode) was achieved through optimization of the perforation pattern. Interestingly, this condition corresponds to a loss of 15% of the original surface area due to laser perforation. The results of this study highlight the fact that by proper tailoring the transport pathways in the electrode structure, it is possible to achieve significantly higher power density with a low surface area electrode material. References: [1] D.S. Aaron, Q. Liu, Z. Tang, G.M. Grim, A.B. Papandrew, A. Turhan, T.A. Zawodzinski, M. M. Mench, Journal of Power Sources 206 (2012) 450-453. [2] Q.H. Liu, G.M. Grim, A.B. Papandrew, A. Turhan, T.A. Zawodzinski, M.M. Mench, Journal of The Electrochemical Society 159 (2012) A1246-A1252. [3] M.P. Manahan, M.C. Hatzell, E.C. Kumbur, M.M. Mench, Journal of Power Sources 196 (2011) 5573-5582.