gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF MITIGATION MATERIALS FOR BLAST INDUCED TBI (2009)

The objective of this experimental study is to compare the effects of various materials obstructing the flow of a blast wave and the ability of the given material to reduce the damage caused by the blast. Several methods of energy transfer in blast wave flows are known or expected including: material interfaces with impedance mismatches, density changes in a given material, internal shearing, and particle fracture. The theory applied to this research is that the greatest energy transfer within the obstructing material will yield the greatest mitigation effects to the blast. Sample configurations of foam were varied to introduce material interfaces and filler materials with varying densities and impedances (liquids and powders). The samples were loaded according to a small scale blast produced by an explosive driven shock tube housing gram-range charges. The transmitted blast profiles were analyzed for variations in impulse characteristics and frequency components as compared to standard free field profiles. The results showed a rounding effect of the transmitted blast profile for all samples with the effects of the low density fillers surpassing all others tested.
3D Printing of Bone Grafts for Cleft Alveolar Osteoplasty – In vivo Evaluation in a Preclinical Model (2020)

One of the most common hereditary craniofacial anomalies in humans are cleft lip and cleft alveolar bone with or without cleft palate. Current clinical practice, the augmentation of the persisting alveolar bone defect by using autologous bone grafts, has considerable disadvantages motivating to an intensive search for alternatives. We developed a novel therapy concept based on 3D printing of biodegradable calcium phosphate-based materials and integration of osteogenic cells allowing fabrication of patient-specific, tissue-engineered bone grafts. Objective of the present study was the <i>in vivo</i> evaluation of implants in a rat alveolar cleft model. Scaffolds were designed according to the defect's geometry with two different pore designs (60° and 30° rotated layer orientation) and produced by extrusion-based 3D plotting of a pasty calcium phosphate cement. The scaffolds filled into the artificial bone defect in the palate of adult Lewis rats, showing a good support. Half of the scaffolds were colonized with rat mesenchymal stromal cells (rMSC) prior to implantation. After 6 and 12 weeks, remaining defect width and bone formation were quantified histologically and by microCT. The results revealed excellent osteoconductive properties of the scaffolds, a significant influence of the pore geometry (60° > 30°), but no enhanced defect healing by pre-colonization with rMSC.
Ion beam induced damage and superlattice formation in epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films (1989)

We have studied the effect of ion beam irradiation on the microstructure of epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films. The ion beam induced defects are found to cluster in small (&amp;lt;100 Å) disordered areas. The size and density of the disordered areas are found to increase with the ion fluence. The presence of these small disordered areas can lead to the reduction of phase coherence of the electron pair wave function. Ion beam irradiation is also found to reduce the orthorhombicity of the lattice structure. A new incommensurate superlattice phase due to ion beam induced defect ordering has also been observed.
In Situ Carboxyl Activation Using a Silatropic Switch: A New Approach to Amide and Peptide Constructions (2011)

The novel reactivity of O-silylthionoesters with amine nucleophiles to generate oxoamides (rather than thioamides) is described. A straightforward first-generation trimethylsilylation protocol using bistrimethylsilylacetamide (BSA) combined with the unique reactivity of the O-silylthionoesters toward 1° and 2° amines to generate oxoamides provides the simplest means of activating a thiol acid for peptide bond formation at neutral pH. Excellent stereoretention is observed.
Tensile and Fracture Behavior of Nb<sub>SS</sub>/Nb<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> In Situ Composites Prepared by Arc Melting (2005)

Nb-base in-situ composites, which have the base composition of Nb-18Si-5Mo-5Hf, have been investigated in microstructure, hardness (Hv*), Young’s modulus (E), tensile properties and fracture behavior. The microstructures of all composites examined consist of NbSS matrix and Nb5Si3 secondary phases. No secondary phase such as Nb2C appeared. The crystal structure of Nb5Si3 is Mn5Si3-type when C replaces 2mol%-Nb, though typical structures of a (Cr5B3-type) and b (W5Si3-type) as in the base composition when W replaces. W addition is effective in increasing Hv* and E of both phases as expected. However, C alloying is somewhat beneficial only in Nb5Si3 with a noticeable negative effect in NbSS. Furthermore, the composite exhibits the highest strength at 1473 K, while the base composite exhibits the highest at room temperature. The fracture behavior is independent of the compositions and it is controlled by cleavage fractures of Nb5Si3, decohesion of NbSS/Nb5Si3 interface and ductile rupture of NbSS depending on the testing temperatures.
Polyhydroxy Fatty Acids Derived from Sophorolipids (2007)

Abstract Starting from 17‐hydroxyoleic acid, which is readily available from acid alcoholysis of sophorolipids, several new polyhydroxy fatty acids have been synthesized. These compounds contain from 2 to 4 hydroxy groups, in some instances combined with other functional groups. The added hydroxy groups can be incorporated in the C 18 chain in a variety of geometries, for example spaced widely throughout the chain at C1, C8, and C17. This regiochemical control will be of use in structure/function studies involving materials constructed from these hydroxy fatty acids. A further benefit is that the hydroxy groups can be present in protected or free states. The principal reactions used to introduce extra hydroxy groups are selenium oxide‐mediated allylic hydroxylation, osmium‐catalyzed dihydroxylation, and borohydride reduction of a carboxylic ester. These new compounds are expected to be of use in a number of areas, but particularly as building blocks for polymers or components of lubricant formulations.
Infrasound from convective storms: An experimental test of electrical source mechanisms (1976)

We performed an experiment to test the suggestion that the infrasound radiated by certain severe storms is caused by lightning. During the 1972 storm season we recorded at Boulder, Colorado, the rate and arrival direction of both VLF atmospherics and infrasound from severe thunderstorms in the midwestern United States. If infrasound were caused by lightning, we should have observed a good agreement in direction and time between the radio and acoustic emissions of lightning, within observational uncertainty. Fewer than half of the infrasound events showed such agreement with electromagnetic emissions. Those agreements can be attributed to noncausal coincidence. We argue that the correlation should be much higher if the infrasound emissions were caused by lightning. Some detailed case studies illustrate the differing phenomenologies of the emissions; for example, they show that the infrasound is probably emitted during an earlier stage of storm growth than that usually associated with lightning.
Confocal acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography using a ring ultrasonic transducer (2014)

We designed and developed a confocal acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography system. A ring ultrasound transducer was used to achieve reflection mode excitation and generate an oscillating acoustic radiation force in order to generate displacements within the tissue, which were detected using the phase-resolved optical coherence elastography method. Both phantom and human tissue tests indicate that this system is able to sense the stiffness difference of samples and quantitatively map the elastic property of materials. Our confocal setup promises a great potential for point by point elastic imaging <i>in vivo</i> and differentiation of diseased tissues from normal tissue.
One-level phonology: autosegmental representations and rules as finite automata (1994)

this paper we present a finite-state model of phonology in which automata are the descriptions and tapes (or strings) are the objects being described. This provides the formal semantics for an autosegmental phonology without structure-changing rules. Logical operations on the phonological domain---such as conjunction, disjunction, and negation---make sense since the phonological domain consists of descriptions rather than objects. These operations as applied to automata are the straightforward operations of intersection, union, and complement. If the arrow in a rewrite rule is viewed as logical implication, then a phonological rule can also be represented as an automaton, albeit a less restrictive automaton than would be required for a lexical representation. The model is then compared with the transducer models for autosegmental phonology of Kay (1987), Kornai (1991), and Wiebe (1992). We conclude that the declarative approach to phonology presents an attractive way of extending finite-state techniques to autosegmental phonology while remaining within the confines of regular grammar.
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Florida’s Agriculture (2017)

In this chapter, we describe Florida’s agriculture, the vulnerability of its crops and livestock to climate change and possible adaptation strategies. Much of Florida’s agricultural success is linked to its moderate climate, which allows vegetable and fruit crop production during the winter/spring season as well as the production of perennial crops such as citrus and sugarcane. In addition, there is a substantial livestock industry that uses the extensive perennial grasslands. While rising CO2 is generally beneficial to crop production but detrimental to nutritional quality, increase in temperature will cause mostly negative effects on yield. Florida’s agriculture faces additional challenges from climate change characterized by sea level rise and intensified extreme climate events, affecting land and irrigation water availability, livestock productivity and pest and disease pressure. New technologies and adaptation strategies are needed for sustainable agricultural production in Florida, including increased water and nutrient use efficiency in crops, crop and livestock breeding for heat stress, pest and disease resistance and reduced exposure of livestock to high temperature. Irrigation is a favored adaptation, but places an even greater burden or potential conflict between agriculture and community use of water resources.
Solar Radiation Characteristics and the performance of Photovoltaic (PV) Modules in a Tropical Station (2016)

The performance of PV modules under tropical sky conditions was studied. Two modules were used, each of 0.92m x 0.30m comprising 27 Solar cells. While one of the modules was positioned flat, the other was tilted at the latitude of the site. The study was carried out in June 2004, on the roof top (350m above sea level) of the Department of Physics
Synthesis of (transition metal carbonyl)zinc alkoxides and the crystal structure of tetrameric (dicarbonyl(.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)iron)zinc methoxide (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of (transition metal carbonyl)zinc alkoxides and the crystal structure of tetrameric (dicarbonyl(.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)iron)zinc methoxideJames M. Burlitch, Susan E. Hayes, and George E. Whitwell IICite this: Organometallics 1982, 1, 8, 1074–1083Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00068a015https://doi.org/10.1021/om00068a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views347Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
HLA-DR Predicts the Prognosis in Scandinavian Patients with Pulmonary Sarcoidosis (1997)

Although most patients with sarcoidosis have a good prognosis, a significant proportion runs a more severe and prolonged disease course. There is no marker to distinguish these subpopulations of patients, however. To investigate the relationship between HLA haplotype and clinical course, 122 Scandinavian patients with sarcoidosis were genomically typed for HLA-DR, -DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles using PCR amplification with sequence-specific primers. Control subjects were 250 healthy Swedish volunteers. Patients were carefully clinically monitored for up to 10 yr. We found that HLA-DR17(3) was overrepresented among sarcoidosis patients (33%) compared with control subjects (17%, p < 0.001). Ninety-one patients were followed for more than 2 yr and classified into chronic or nonchronic patients, according to disease outcome. Among the 34 patients with a nonchronic form of sarcoidosis, 65% were DR17(3)-positive (p < 10(-5) versus control subjects). On the other hand, DR14(6) and DR15(2) were significantly associated with chronic disease. Even in patients with clinical manifestations that are normally associated with good prognosis, HLA typing enabled a subgrouping into two categories with significantly different clinical courses. Therefore, HLA class II typing is a valuable tool in predicting the outcome of the disease in Scandinavian sarcoidosis patients.
Fluoride glasses based on the ZrF4 - BaF2 - MnF2 system (2007)

International audience
DMND: Collecting data from mobiles using Named Data (2010)

Technology advances in both computations and wireless communications have made it economically feasible for manufacturers to collect data from all the cars in order to monitor their operations and detect any potential problems. However to make this a reality requires a new architecture that can effectively handle vehicle mobility, intermittent connectivity, and data security, as well as scale to large number of vehicles. In this paper we address these design challenges by exploring the direction of Named Date Networking (NDN) (aka CCN <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> ). We evaluated our design, dubbed DMND, through simulations in Qualnet. Our results show that, when data publishers (vehicles) are stationary, more than 99% of collection requests can successfully pull data packets back; even when vehicles move at a high speed of 40-50 meters per second (89.48-111.8 miles/hour), DMND can still retain its high efficiency of 97% of data replies. In contrast, under the same simulation experimental setting, the request-reply ratio of MobileIP drops from 97.9% for static publishers to 9.6% when publishers are moving at a speed of 10-20 meters/second (22.37-44.74 miles/hour).
The challenges ahead - solid waste management in the next millennium (1999)

For many cities in the South, uncollected solid waste has become a major health hazard, yet municipal waste management services may collect as little as 25 per cent of total refuse produced. How can this 'public health crisis' best be addressed?
On polar and versus Cartesian coordinates for target tracking (2003)

A comparison between tracking in polar coordinates using coupled range and angle filters versus tracking with debiased consistent converted measurements in Cartesian coordinates is presented. The measurements include range, range-rate, azimuth and elevation and are assumed to arrive from an airborne pulse Doppler radar. The paper quantifies the improvements in accuracy (position, range-rate and heading) achievable by the use of a filter in Cartesian coordinates based on debiased converted range, azimuth and elevation with incorporated range-rate measurements.
Limitations of Collateral Flow after Occlusion of a Single Cortical Penetrating Arteriole (2010)

Occlusions of penetrating arterioles, which plunge into cortex and feed capillary beds, cause severe decreases in blood flow and are potential causes of ischemic microlesions. However, surrounding arterioles and capillary beds remain flowing and might provide collateral flow around the occlusion. We used femtosecond laser ablation to trigger clotting in single penetrating arterioles in rat cortex and two-photon microscopy to measure changes in microvessel diameter and red blood cell speed after the clot. We found that after occlusion of a single penetrating arteriole, nearby penetrating and surface arterioles did not dilate, suggesting that alternate blood flow routes are not actively recruited. In contrast, capillaries showed two types of reactions. Capillaries directly downstream from the occluded arteriole dilated after the clot, but other capillaries in the same vicinity did not dilate. This heterogeneity in capillary response suggests that signals for vasodilation are vascular rather than parenchymal in origin. Although both neighboring arterioles and capillaries dilated in response to topically applied acetylcholine after the occlusion, the flow in the territory of the occluded arteriole did not improve. Collateral flow from neighboring penetrating arterioles is neither actively recruited nor effective in improving blood flow after the occlusion of a single penetrating arteriole.
Effects of high growth-medium temperature under controlled conditions on characteristics of tomato leaves (2022)

High temperatures have become a major threat that seriously affects crop growth and yield. The present work aimed to investigate the acclimation process in adjusting plant responses to high root temperatures. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Micro-Tom) during the flowering time was subjected to heat treatments (day/night temperatures at the root level of 40 or 45 Â°C for 4 d) while control plants were maintained at 25 Â°C, and the heat-stress treatment effects were analysed in the tomato leaves. The results showed a reduction in the content of chlorophylls a and b as well as chlorophyll a/b ratio at both high temperatures. Further, the increase in the amount of malondialdehyde as an indicator of lipid peroxidation was greater at 45 Â°C. The leaf content of hydrogen peroxide was induced in tomato plants subjected to 45 Â°C whereas it was markedly decreased in plants maintained at 40 Â°C as compared to control plants. Antioxidant enzymes showed higher activity in tomatoes treated at 45 Â°C compared to those treated at 40 Â°C. Moreover, the highest amount of antioxidants such as carotenoids and ascorbate in tomato plants were found at a temperature of 45 Â°C. Collectively, we provide evidence that physiological and biochemical components can be altered depending on the heat level, exposure time, and developmental stage. The interaction of root and shoot under high temperatures must be further characterized in terms of understanding the challenging climate changes.
Neurologic Manifestations of Child Abuse (1989)

During a four-year period, we saw 23 cases of child abuse with central nervous system involvement. Of these, five died and four were left with a substantial neurologic deficit as a result of injury. Of the 18 survivors, eight (44%) were removed from their home along with their siblings, one was placed in a sheltered environment with its mother, and nine (50%) were kept under surveillance. Six of the 12 patients with CT evidence of intracranial damage had no or minimal evidence of external cranial trauma. Although shaking as the major etiologic factor in neurologic impairment from child abuse has recently been questioned, our results implicate it as a common mechanism of injury. Every patient had a parent or guardian whose account of the mechanism of injury either changed from moment to moment or was inconsistent with the child's injury. Nine patients (39%) were known to have been seen previously by other physicians because of similar problems or other injuries consistent with child abuse. Early recognition of child abuse is paramount to saving not only the life of the affected child, but possibly the lives of siblings. Neurosurgeons should maintain a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis of child abuse.
Improving the Performance Metric of an Established Coronary Surgery Simulation Programme to Reward a Training Focus on Skill Quality and Proficiency (2023)

Background: We have previously developed a coronary surgery simulation program based on the “deliberate practice” approach (i.e., with the specific aim to improve performance). Various curriculum adjustments (e.g., length of training periods, on site vs. home training) have been made so far. We noticed that, with each curriculum adjustment toward a higher training intensity, trainees focused their training efforts more and more toward task completion time instead of skill quality. This study assessed the effect of an adjustment of the performance metric on overall performance.
Medical applications of organic–inorganic hybrid materials within the field of silica-based bioceramics (2010)

Research on bioceramics has evolved from the use of inert materials for mere substitution of living tissues towards the development of third-generation bioceramics aimed at inducing bone tissue regeneration. Within this context hybrid bioceramics have remarkable features resulting from the synergistic combination of both inorganic and organic components that make them suitable for a wide range of medical applications. Certain bioceramics, such as ordered mesoporous silicas, can exhibit different kind of interaction with organic molecules to develop different functions. The weak interaction of these host matrixes with drug molecules confined in the mesoporous channels allows these hybrid systems to be used as controlled delivery devices. Moreover, mesoporous silicas can be used to fabricate three (3D)-dimensional scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. In this last case, different osteoinductive agents (peptides, hormones and growth factors) can be strongly grafted to the bioceramic matrix to act as attracting signals for bone cells to promote bone regeneration process. Finally, recent research examples of organic-inorganic hybrid bioceramics, such as stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems and nanosystems for targeting of cancer cells and gene transfection, are also tackled in this tutorial review (64 references).
QCDSP — A status report (1998)

The QCDSP machine at Columbia University has grown to 2,048 nodes achieving a peak speed of 100 Gigaflops. Software for quenched and Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) evolution scheme has been developed for staggered fermions, with support for Wilson and clover fermions under development. We provide an overview of the runtime environment, the current status of the QCDSP construction program and preliminary results not presented elsewhere in these proceedings.