gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3-D Pore Network and Contact Analysis of Cemented Materials: Case Study on Microbial-Induced-Calcite-Precipitated Sands (2022)

<title>Abstract</title> MICP has emerged as a technology that alters the structure of geomaterials through calcite precipitation and improves its overall mechanical behavior. An essential component of analyzing the improvement due to MICP is understanding and engineering the spatial distribution of the precipitation matrix in the material microstructure that governs the evolution of force chains. This study analyzes a dataset of medium and fine-grained sand samples subjected to MICP treatment that exhibit similar peak and residual strengths in the untreated state but yield varying strengths after cementation with similar bond contents. A systematic study is undertaken to inspect the observed discrepancy, based on an improved quantitative description of the material's inter-particle contacts, pore space, and bond properties. Analysis shows that bonds exhibit distinct geometries and spatial distribution patterns when MICP is applied to the different materials. The spatial distribution of active bonds and its contribution in increasing the overall contact area of the precipitated microstructure is found to be the key factor translating to the macroscopically determined strength parameters, also affecting the efficiency and uniformity of treatment within the same sample. The improved tools and understanding form a new basis for formulating simulation models incorporating pore and contact mechanics to interpret macroscale phenomena.
A 75-mW, 10-b, 20-MSPS CMOS subranging ADC with 9.5 effective bits at Nyquist (1999)

A CMOS subranging analog-to-digital converter (ADC) incorporates several features to enhance performance and reduce power dissipation. The combination of an extended settling period for the fine references, absolute-value signal processing, and interpolation in the comparator banks alleviates the principal speed-limiting operation. A front-end sample-and-hold amplifier (SHA) provides sustained dynamic performance at high input frequencies and performs single-ended to differential conversion with a signal gain of two and with low distortion. The SHA holds its differential output for a full clock cycle while it simultaneously samples the next single-ended input, thereby allowing it to drive two comparator banks on consecutive clock phases. The remaining analog circuits are implemented in a fully differential manner. The use of pipelining allows every input sample to be processed by the same channel, thereby avoiding the use of ping-pong techniques, while providing a conversion latency of only two clock cycles. The dynamic performance with a single-ended input approaches that of an ideal ill-bit ADC, typically providing 9.7 effective bits for low input frequencies and 9.5 bits at Nyquist. This performance level is comparable to the best reported for 10-bit CMOS ADC's with differential inputs and significantly better than those with single-ended inputs. The typical maximum differential nonlinearity is /spl plusmn/0.4 LSB, and the maximum integral nonlinearity is /spl plusmn/0.55 LSB without trimming or calibration. With an ADC power of 55 mW plus an SHA power of 20 mW from a 5-V supply, the active area is 1.6 mm/sup 2/ in a 0.5-/spl mu/m double-poly, double-metal CMOS technology.
Extending Theory Refinement to M-of-N Rules (1993)

In recent years, machine learning research has started addressing a problem known as theory refinement. The goal of a theory refinement learner is to modify an incomplete or incorrect rule base, representing a domain theory, to make it consistent with a set of input training examples. This paper presents a major revision of the Either propositional theory rfi nement system. Two issues are discussed. First, we show how run time efficiency can be greatly improved by changing from a exhaustive scheme for computing repairs to an iterative greedy method. Second, we show how to extend Either to refine M-of-N rules. The resulting algorithm, Neither (New Either), is more than an order of magnitude faster and produces significantly more accurate results with theories that fit the M-of-N format. To demonstrate the advantages of Neither, we present experimental results from two real-world domains.
Supplementary Methods, Figures (1-6) and Tables (1, 2 and 4) from CD44 Isoform Status Predicts Response to Treatment with Anti-CD44 Antibody in Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods, Figures (1-6) and Tables (1, 2 and 4). Supplementary Figure 1: Shows how RG7356 blocks binding of CD44-Fc to HA in a concentration dependent manner for two fixed CD44-Fc concentrations. Supplementary Figure 2: Shows hyaluronic acid levels in cell lysate and supernatant in 12 HEK293 clones transfected with CD44s. Clone 4 was selected for further experiments Supplementary Figure 3: Absolute signal of CD44s expression based on RNASeq data compared to CD44s levels measured by Westernblot (IM7 antibody). Supplementary Figure 4: Absolute signal of CD44v expression based on RNASeq data compared to the CD44v levels measured by Westernblot (BMSv6 antibody). Supplementary Figure 5: Western Blots of the 36 cancer cell lines used for Xenograft models using either IM7 or BMSv6 antibodies. Supplementary Figure 6: Western Blot analysis of CD44 isoform status in samples from 9 human tumor xenograft models using either IM7 or BMSv6 antibodies. Supplementary Table 1: Details for all xenograft models: cell line name, source, %TGI, CD44 isoform status, growth medium, inoculation site, treatment schedule and dose Supplementary Table 2: Cell line name, source, CD44 isoform status as well as hyaluronic acid levels in 36 human solid tumor cell lines. Supplementary Table 4: Number of genes found to be differentially regulated in BRCA, LUSC and UCEC cancer patients available in TCGA either expressing CD44s or CD44v.&lt;/p&gt;
Technologies to improve photo-sensitivity and reduce VOD shutter voltage for CCD image sensors (2000)

New technologies to increase the photo-sensitivity and reduce the shutter voltage of the vertical over-flow-drain (VOD) have been developed for CCD image sensors. The photo-sensitivity was increased 40% by forming an anti-reflection film over the photodiode and reducing the thickness of the p/sup +/-layer formed at the photodiode surface. The VOD shutter voltage was reduced from 31 to 18 V by using an epitaxially grown substrate with double impurity concentration layers.
Petrophysical Properties Determination of Tight Gas Sands from NMR Data Using Artificial Neural Network (2009)

Abstract Analysis of heterogeneous gas sand reservoirs is one of the most difficult problems. These reservoirs usually produce from multiple layers with different petrophysical properties. Therefore, using new well logging techniques like NMR or a combination of NMR and conventional open hole logs is essential for improved reservoir characterization. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs differ from conventional neutron, density, sonic and resistivity logs because the NMR measurements provide mainly lithology independent detailed porosity and offer a good evaluation of the hydrocarbon potential. NMR logs can also be used to determine formation permeability and capillary pressure. This paper focuses on permeability estimation from NMR logging data. Three models have been used to derive permeability from NMR; Kenyon model, Coates-Timer model and Bulk Gas Magnetic Resonance model. These models have advantages and limitations which depend on the reservoir characteristics. We first estimated permeability from NMR data using the Bulk Gas model. Then neural network model was developed to predict formation permeability using NMR and other open hole logs data. The permeability results of the neural network model and the Bulk Gas model were validated by core permeability for the studied wells.
Locally Resonant Cavity Cell Model for Electromagnetic Band Gap Structures (2006)

Mushroom-like electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures exhibit unique electromagnetic properties that have found a wide range of electromagnetic device applications. This paper focuses on the local resonance behaviors of EBG structures, and a simply locally resonant cavity cell (LRCC) model for mushroom-like EBG structures is presented to gain insight to the physical mechanism of the EBG structures and the interaction of electromagnetic waves with EBG structures. The LRCC model proposes two kinds of main resonance modes: One is the mono-polarized mode that accurately predicts the position of the surface wave suppression bandgap, which is equivalent to the LC parallel resonance based on quasistatic assumption in principle, and the other is the cross-coupling polarized mode that exhibits some interesting resonant phenomena, which has not been observed previously. Parametric studies including the radius effect of the metal plated vias are effectively performed by using the LRCC model. Some numerical simulations and experiments of EBG structures, such as square, triangle, and hexagon lattices, are given to illustrate the applications and validation of LRCC model proposed by this paper.
PathPred: an enzyme-catalyzed metabolic pathway prediction server (2010)

The KEGG RPAIR database is a collection of biochemical structure transformation patterns, called RDM patterns, and chemical structure alignments of substrate-product pairs (reactant pairs) in all known enzyme-catalyzed reactions taken from the Enzyme Nomenclature and the KEGG PATHWAY database. Here, we present PathPred (http://www.genome.jp/tools/pathpred/), a web-based server to predict plausible pathways of muti-step reactions starting from a query compound, based on the local RDM pattern match and the global chemical structure alignment against the reactant pair library. In this server, we focus on predicting pathways for microbial biodegradation of environmental compounds and biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, which correspond to characteristic RDM patterns in 947 and 1397 reactant pairs, respectively. The server provides transformed compounds and reference transformation patterns in each predicted reaction, and displays all predicted multi-step reaction pathways in a tree-shaped graph.
Synthesis of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (−)-A58365A via an Cycloaddition Reaction (1999)

[formula: see text] The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (-)-A58365A (1) was synthesized by a process based on the [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction of a phenylsulfonyl-substituted isomünchnone intermediate. The starting material for this process was prepared from L-pyroglutamic acid and involved using a diazo-phenylsulfonyl-substituted pyrrolidine imide. Treatment of the diazoimide with Rh2(OAc)4 in the presence of methyl vinyl ketone afforded a 3-hydroxy-2-pyridone derivative which was subsequently converted to the ACE inhibitor in six additional steps.
Swimming in the USA: beachgoer characteristics and health outcomes at US marine and freshwater beaches (2014)

Swimming in lakes and oceans is popular, but little is known about the demographic characteristics, behaviors, and health risks of beachgoers on a national level. Data from a prospective cohort study of beachgoers at multiple marine and freshwater beaches in the USA were used to describe beachgoer characteristics and health outcomes for swimmers and non-swimmers. This analysis included 54,250 participants. Most (73.2%) entered the water; of those, 65.1% put their head under water, 41.3% got water in their mouth and 18.5% swallowed water. Overall, 16.3% of beachgoers reported any new health problem. Among swimmers, 6.6% reported gastrointestinal (GI) illness compared with 5.5% of non-swimmers (unadjusted χ² p < 0.001); 6.0% of swimmers and 4.9% of non-swimmers reported respiratory illness (p < 0.001); 1.8% of swimmers and 1.0% of non-swimmers reported ear problems (p < 0.001); and 3.9% of swimmers and 2.4% of non-swimmers experienced a rash (p < 0.001). Overall, swimmers reported a higher unadjusted incidence of GI illness and earaches than non-swimmers. Current surveillance systems might not detect individual cases and outbreaks of illness associated with swimming in natural water. Better knowledge of beachgoer characteristics, activities, and health risks associated with swimming in natural water can improve disease surveillance and prioritize limited resources.
An implementation of the reconstruction algorithm of A Nachman for the 2D inverse conductivity problem (2000)

The 2D inverse conductivity problem requires one to determine the unknown electrical conductivity distribution inside a bounded domain Ω⊂2 from knowledge of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. The problem has geophysical, industrial, and medical imaging (electrical impedance tomography) applications.
Continuous prototyping (2017)

Developing for devices like smartphones, tablets or smartwatches is more than just shipping code. Especially in mobile development there is a strong focus on user interface design and user experience. In order to explore the design space, development teams and designers need early feedback from users testing the designs. Continuous Delivery (CD) is a well-established technique for the delivery of software. In this paper we describe Continuous Prototyping which extends CD to cover the delivery of early artifacts like user interface mockups that usually do not benefit from an automated delivery process. Continuous Prototyping enables stakeholders to receive all artifacts through a unified delivery pipeline in fast cycles, from the first mockup to the finished product. We developed PROTOTYPER as a tool to demonstrate the technical feasibility of Continuous Prototyping. PROTOTYPER allows developers and designers to deliver mockups, mobile applications as will as a mixture of both using the same deployment pipeline. In a experiment with 42 developers we found that applying Continuous Prototyping not only reduces the cycle time for delivering mockups and receiving feedback but also facilitates the frequent delivery of mockups in early project stages.
Las empresas de participación ante el reto de la gestión del cambio demográfico (2006)

El cambio demografico que se esta viviendo a nivel mundial, y de forma particular en Europa, como consecuencia del envejecimiento de la poblacion ante el incremento de la esperanza de vida y la drastica reduccion de las tasas de fertilidad, ha hecho saltar las alarmas ante la necesidad de llevar a cabo una gestion adecuada que no ponga en peligro la viabilidad financiera de los sistemas de proteccion social. Los Estados Miembros han de acometer las reformas necesarias que conduzcan a la modernizacion de sus sistemas de proteccion social garantizando tanto pensiones adecuadas y viables como una asistencia sanitaria y una asistencia de larga duracion de calidad, accesible y duradera. Para lograr estos objetivos existe el acuerdo generalizado de fomentar politicas de empleo que incentiven el envejecimiento activo y la prolongacion de la vida profesional para frenar la salida prematura del mercado laboral de los trabajadores mayores de 45 anos. Entre las medidas a adoptar para el mantenimiento de los trabajadores en las empresas estan la adaptacion de los contenidos de los puestos de trabajo, el aprovechamiento del conocimiento interno y la formacion continua de los trabajadores. En los casos en los que ya se haya producido la expulsion del mercado laboral, seran las empresas de participacion las que pueden representar una via de salida ante la situacion de desempleo. Pero para que los desempleados de mayor edad decidan emprender su propia iniciativa empresarial necesitan formacion, asesoramiento y ayudas.
Session details: Volume II: Software development and system software & security: software engineering aspects of green computing track (2013)

No abstract available.
Magnetically activated and guided isotope separation (2012)

We propose a general method for efficient isotope separation. The principle of operation is based on an irreversible change of the mass-to-magnetic moment ratio of a particular isotope in an effusive atomic beam, followed by magnetic guiding. We show that scalability is feasible with this method. The application of this method towards production of highly enriched Li-7 for the nuclear industry is analyzed in detail, and extension to other elements is discussed.
The role of parietal visual cortex in perceptual transitions during bistable perception (2012)

Several imaging studies in humans have shown the involvement of a frontoparietal network of cortical areas in perceptual transitions during bistable perception. To investigate further the possible role of parietal visual areas in perceptual alternations, we recorded extracellular neural activity in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) of the rhesus macaque. The subject was initially presented with congruent patterns to the two eyes. Then the stimulus was switched for either one or both eyes (binocular flash suppression versus physical alternation), both resulting in perception of the newly presented stimulus. The recorded cells typically showed an initial burst of activity at stimulus onsets as well as stimulus switches. In contrast to previous reports by a number of fMRI studies, we found strong transient activity during physical alternations at the single cell level. This signal was also present during binocular flash suppression but to a lesser extent. Importantly, the amplitude of the signal dropped substantially in control conditions where physical changes were introduced in the stimuli but did not induce concomitant changes in perception. The transient response of the recorded neurons was followed by a tonic response which exhibited independent dynamics. Interestingly, this sustained activity was significantly lower during incongruent versus congruent stimulation. We conjecture that areas at the high end of the dorsal pathway might be involved in multistable perception in a different way in comparison with feature and object selective areas of the ventral pathway. The transient signal recorded in LIP neurons during perceptual transitions could potentially trigger reorganization of activity in constellations of feature selective neurons in the ventral pathway. In addition, the suppression of the sustained activity in LIP during incongruent stimulation may reflect inhibitory processes involved in the resolution of conflict between the two stimuli or indicate a failure to bind the sensory input into a coherent percept. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2012
The Response of a Colloidal Microparticle near an Electrode to an AC Electric Field (2005)

The subfragment 2/light meromyosin "hinge" region has been proposed to significantly contribute to muscle contraction force and/or speed. Transgenic replacement of the endogenous fast muscle isovariant hinge A (exon 15a) in Drosophila melanogaster indirect flight muscle with the slow muscle hinge B (exon 15b) allows examination of the structural and functional changes when only this region of the myosin molecule is different. Hinge B was previously shown to increase myosin rod length, increase A-band and sarcomere length, and decrease flight performance compared to hinge A. We applied additional measures to these transgenic lines to further evaluate the consequences of modifying this hinge region. Structurally, the longer A-band and sarcomere lengths found in the hinge B myofibrils appear to be due to the longitudinal addition of myosin heads. Functionally, hinge B, although a significant distance from the myosin catalytic domain, alters myosin kinetics in a manner consistent with this region increasing myosin rod length. These structural and functional changes combine to decrease whole fly wing-beat frequency and flight performance. Our results indicate that this hinge region plays an important role in determining myosin kinetics and in regulating thick and thin filament lengths as well as sarcomere length.
A Concept for Fail Safe Robotic Needle Insertion in Soft Tissue. (2015)

This paper presents a concept of automatic needle placement for brachytherapy. For the success of this minimally invasive treatment, a precise and safe placement of needles inside soft tissue is fundamental. The presented concept incorporates information about the needle as well as the tissue to find a suitable needle trajectory. A patient-specific tissue model is derived from different imaging modalities and updated during the insertion. Essential for this concept is that during the robotic placement of the needle, it is continuously verified if proceeding is safe.
Report for Chambers of Commerce and Start-up Centres (2017)

The ERASMUS+ grant program of the European Union under grant no. 2014-1-DE01-KA203-00624 has funded the creation of the resource. Neither the European Commission nor the project's national funding agency DAAD are responsible for the content or liable for any losses or damage resulting of the use of these resources
Sea-of-Leads MEMS I/O Interconnects for Low-k IC Packaging (2006)

Technology feasibility of MEMS-type chip I/O interconnects (namely Sea-of-Leads or SoL) is demonstrated. Acting like a spring, a MEMS lead can provide high mechanical compliance to compensate for mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between a Si chip and a composite substrate. The compliant interconnects can provide low-stress connection between a chip and a PWB substrate, and, therefore, are promising to enable wafer-level packaging of IC chips with mechanically weak low-k interlayer dielectrics (ILD). The compliant interconnection also eliminates the need for an expensive underfilling process, which is one of the key challenges for scaling of conventional controlled collapse chip connection (C4) solder bumps in organic flip-chip packages. For the first time, SoL MEMS interconnects were investigated through the whole procedure of process integration, assembly, as well as reliability assessment. Without underfill, the SoL MEMS interconnects survived more than 500 thermal cycles indicating a promising improvement over a regular C4 solder joint. Failure analysis suggests that the MEMS leads do not fracture while failure occurs close to solder-Cu pad interface due to a nonreliable joining. Full reliability potential of the SoL MEMS interconnects may be demonstrated upon optimization of PWB metallurgy, soldermask design and lead compliance.
Introduction of an Azido Group to the C-6 Position of Uridine by the Use of a 6-Iodouridine Derivative (1985)

Abstract Nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction of azide ion to 6-iodo-2′,3′-O-isopropylidene-5′-O-methoxy-methyluridine proceeded under mild conditions to give a 6-azidouridine derivative.