gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards non- and minimally instrumented, microfluidics-based diagnostic devices (2008)

In many health care settings, it is uneconomical, impractical, or unaffordable to maintain and access a fully equipped diagnostics laboratory. Examples include home health care, developing-country health care, and emergency situations in which first responders are dealing with pandemics or biowarfare agent release. In those settings, fully disposable diagnostic devices that require no instrument support, reagent, or significant training are well suited. Although the only such technology to have found widespread adoption so far is the immunochromatographic rapid assay strip test, microfluidics holds promise to expand the range of assay technologies that can be performed in formats similar to that of a strip test. In this paper, we review progress toward development of disposable, low-cost, easy-to-use microfluidics-based diagnostics that require no instrument at all. We also present examples of microfluidic functional elements--including mixers, separators, and detectors--as well as complete microfluidic devices that function entirely without any moving parts and external power sources.
Inorganic Nanoparticles (2017)

This chapter aims to provide key information on inorganic nanoparticles used for the design of bionanocomposites. The different families of nanomaterials are presented. Some basic considerations about nucleation and growth of solid particles are given. A large variety of solution routes to inorganic nanoparticles are described. Main properties arising from the nanoscale dimensions of nanomaterials are discussed.
Terabit transoceanic system assessment with industrial margins using 25 GHz channel spacing and NRZ format (2003)

We have transmitted 1.12 Tbit/s over 6300 km using only 22.2 nm of C-band EDFAs with 25 GHz spacing and NRZ modulation format. The average performance obtained correspond to a 3.6 dB margin for a system designed with Enhanced 7% redundancy FEC scheme based on concatenated Reed-Solomon code. This experiment demonstrates for the first time the industrial feasibility of a 1.1 Tbit/s transoceanic transmission which is compatible with 0.4 (bit/s)/Hz. The use of NRZ format has two advantages. The first one is a low cost and compact terminal equipment due to less modulation stages compared to RZ or CRZ. The second one is a better compatibility with high channel density allowing simpler and lower cost repeaters for a given capacity.
Molecular characterization of Umbre virus (Bunyaviridae) (2008)

Umbre (UMB) virus was first isolated from India in 1955 and classified as Orthobunyavirus (Turlock serogroup). Eight isolates of this virus, isolated from Culex mosquitoes were characterized on the basis of partial glycoprotein (G2) gene. Twenty-six percent differences at nucleotide level while 17% differences at amino acid level were noted within different isolates. Phylogentic data shows that this virus represents a distinct group within the genus Orthobunyavirus.
A Bright Source of High-Energy X-rays: Final Report on LDRD Project 04-FS-007 (2005)

We have demonstrated the feasibility of fabricating pure-metal foams via a novel four-step technique based upon ion beam lithography. In this report we discuss why and how such foams are useful as bright, high-photon-energy x-ray sources; the details of the fabrication technique we employed to make such foams; the results obtained; and what we plan to do in the future to improve the technique and turn the foams so fabricated into real laser targets for high-brightness, high-energy back lighting.
Obesity, diabetes, and the risk of infections diagnosed in hospital and post-discharge infections after cesarean section: a prospective cohort study (2011)

Obesity increases the risk of post-cesarean infections and diabetes further strengthens this association.
Functional expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing rat α7 subunits in human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells (1994)

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are made from different combinations of subunits encoded by a diverse family of genes. However, the recently cloned alpha 7 gene codes for subunits that can form homooligomeric nAChR complexes when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Electrophysiological studies reveal that these alpha 7-nAChR function as alpha-bungarotoxin (Bgt)-sensitive, quickly activating/inactivating ion channels with a unique pharmacological profile and an unusually high permeability to calcium ions. Although similar observations have been made in studies of Bgt-sensitive, functional nAChR subtypes that are naturally expressed in neuronal cells, all attempts until now to reconstitute functional alpha 7-nAChR in cell lines have failed. Here we report the successful use of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, which naturally express low levels of endogenous alpha 7 transcripts, to stably overexpress heterologous rat nAChR alpha 7 transgenes. These transgenes are expressed as the appropriately-sized alpha 7 messages and protein, and stably transfected SH-SY5Y cells have over 30-times higher levels of specific Bgt binding sites than do wild-type cells. Whole cell current recordings confirm that transfected cells express functional nAChR that are sensitive to blockade by Bgt and display the typical physiological and pharmacological profiles of alpha 7-nAChR. We conclude that stable, functional expression of alpha 7 transgenes in a mammalian cell line has been achieved for the first time.
Isolation and structure of vanitaracin A, a novel anti-hepatitis B virus compound from Talaromyces sp. (2015)

Two new tricyclic polyketides, vanitaracin A (1) and B (2), together with three novel compounds 3, 4 and 5, were isolated from a culture broth of a fungus, Talaromyces sp. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined from spectroscopic data (1D/2D NMR, MS and IR). The five isolated compounds were then tested for anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity and vanitaracin A was found to exhibit an IC50 value of 10.5 μM using a HBV-susceptible cell line. By contrast, the derivative 2 displayed weak anti-HBV action, which suggested that the substituents at C-9 in 1 are likely to be important for its antiviral activity. We believe the two vanitaracin derivatives constitute a new class of anti-HBV agents.
Visualization of internal 3D structure of small live seed on germination by laboratory-based X-ray microscopy with phase contrast computed tomography (2020)

Abstract Background The visualization of internal 3D-structure of tissues at micron resolutions without staining by contrast reagents is desirable in plant researches, and it can be achieved by an X-ray computed tomography (CT) with a phase-retrieval technique. Recently, a laboratory-based X-ray microscope adopting the phase contrast CT was developed as a powerful tool for the observation of weakly absorbing biological samples. Here we report the observation of unstained pansy seeds using the laboratory-based X-ray phase-contrast CT. Results A live pansy seed within 2 mm in size was simply mounted inside a plastic tube and irradiated by in-house X-rays to collect projection images using a laboratory-based X-ray microscope. The phase-retrieval technique was applied to enhance contrasts in the projection images. In addition to a dry seed, wet seeds on germination with the poorer contrasts were tried. The phase-retrieved tomograms from both the dry and the wet seeds revealed a cellular level of spatial resolutions that were enough to resolve cells in the seeds, and provided enough contrasts to delineate the boundary of embryos manually. The manual segmentation allowed a 3D rendering of embryos at three different stages in the germination, which visualized an overall morphological change of the embryo upon germination as well as a spatial arrangement of cells inside the embryo. Conclusions Our results confirmed an availability of the laboratory-based X-ray phase-contrast CT for a 3D-structural study on the development of small seeds. The present method may provide a unique way to observe live plant tissues at micron resolutions without structural perturbations due to the sample preparation.
Highly Sensitive Organic Photodetectors with Tunable Spectral Response under Bi‐Directional Bias (2016)

Photomultiplication (PM) type organic photodetectors (OPDs) are presented that can work well under forward and reverse bias and exhibit tunable spectral response under bi-directional bias. The working mechanism of the PM type OPDs is attributed to the interfacial trap-assisted hole tunneling injection from external circuit under light illumination. Photogenerated electron distribution in active layers is calculated based on transfer matrix method. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
State Estimation for Two-link Flexible Manipulator by State Observer Considering with Coupled Dynamics. (1996)

This paper describes state estimation for vibration suppression control of a flexible macro/micro manipulator system in which the flexibility of the link is considered. This macro/micro manipulator system consists of a macro and flexible manipulator and a micro and high-performance manipulator carried on the macro manipulator, like a hot-line work robot system. A vibration suppression controller using a state observer is designed based on the dynamic model. A state observer for a flexible manipulator is influenced by forced deflection and multiple vibration modes, so an observer which takes into consideration static deflection and pole assignment is proposed. The proposed observer is a hybrid of those designed for a flexible link and a rigid link. Results are composed with those from an observer for a rigid link. Simulation results for the estimation show the effectiveness of the proposed observer.
Structures of Three Human β Alcohol Dehydrogenase Variants (1994)

The three-dimensional structures of three variants of human beta alcohol dehydrogenase have been determined to 2.5 A resolution. These three structures differ only in the amino acid at position 47 and the molecules occupying the alcohol binding site. Human beta 1 alcohol dehydrogenase has an Arg at position 47 and was crystallized in a complex with NAD(H) and cyclohexanol. A naturally occurring variant of beta 1 alcohol dehydrogenase, found in approximately 50% of the Asian population, possesses a His at position 47 (beta 2 or beta 47H) and was crystallized in a complex with NAD+ and the inhibitor 4-iodopyrazole. A site-directed mutant of beta 1 alcohol dehydrogenase in which a Gly is substituted for Arg47 (beta 47G) was crystallized in a complex with NAD+. By comparing both the common and unique features of these structures, it is clear that position 47 contributes significantly to the strength of protein-coenzyme interactions. The substitution of Arg47 by His produces an enzyme with a 100-fold lower affinity for coenzyme, but creates no large changes in the enzyme structure. The substitution of Arg47 by Gly produces an enzyme with coenzyme binding characteristics more similar to the wild-type enzyme than to the enzyme with His at position 47, but the structure of the Gly47 variant exhibits differences in and around the coenzyme binding site. These changes involve a rigid-body rotation of the catalytic domain towards the coenzyme domain by approximately 0.8 degrees and local rearrangements of amino acid side-chains, such as a 1.0 A movement of Lys228, relative to the beta 1 enzyme. These structural alterations may compensate for the loss of coenzyme interactions contributed by Arg47 and can explain the high affinity of the Gly47 variant for coenzyme.
Low-temperature, surface-compliant wafer bonding using sub-micron gold particles for wafer-level MEMS packaging (2012)

Low-temperature wafer bonding using sub-micron gold particles was investigated. For more flexible bonding pattern deposition, wafer-level pattern transfer method has been developed to enable patterning on fragile structures such as MEMS devices. Sub-micron Au particle patterns with a width of 20 μm-60 μm and a height around 20 μm were formed on 100mm-diameter glass wafers by means of wafer-level processing using photolithography and a slurry-filling technique, and then successfully transferred onto Si wafers in ambient atmosphere at a temperature of 150°C and an applied pressure of 20 MPa-30 MPa. Finally, wafer bonding was performed at 200°C, 100 MPa and confirmed a sufficient tensile strength of 45.8 MPa. Compression deformation measurement was performed and the performance on a-few-μm surface roughness absorption was demonstrated. A feasibility of further reduction of bonding temperature has been suggested by showing sintering behavior of smaller-sized Au particles at 150°C.
Three‐dimensional cancer cell culture in high‐yield multiscale scaffolds by shear spinning (2018)

Polymeric scaffolds comprising two size scales of microfibers and submicron fibers can better support three-dimensional (3D) cell growth in tissue engineering, making them an important class of healthcare material. However, a major manufacturing barrier hampers their translation into wider practical use: scalability. Traditional production of two-scale scaffolds by electrospinning is slow and costly. For day-to-day cell cultures, the scaffolds need to be affordable, made in high yield to drive down cost. Combining expertise from academia and industry from the United Kingdom and United States, this study uses a new series of high-yield, low-cost scaffolds made by shear spinning for tissue engineering. The scaffolds comprise interwoven submicron fibers and microfibers throughout as observed under scanning electron microscopy and demonstrate good capability to support cell culturing for tumor modeling. Three model human cancer cell lines (HEK293, A549 and MCF-7) with stable expression of GFP were cultured in the scaffolds and found to exhibit efficient cell attachment and sustained 3D growth and proliferation for 30 days. Cryosection and multiphoton fluorescence microscopy confirmed the formation of compact 3D cell clusters throughout the scaffolds. In addition, comparative growth curves of 2D and 3D cultures show significant cell-type-dependent differences. This work applies high-yield shear-spun scaffolds in mammalian tissue engineering and brings practical, affordable applications of multiscale scaffolds closer to reality. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2750, 2019.
Query by templates: a generalized approach for visual query formulation for text dominated databases (2002)

The WWW has a great potential of evolving into a globally distributed digital document library. The primary use of such a library is to retrieve information quickly and easily. Because of the size of these libraries, simple keyword searches often result in too many matches. More complex searches involving boolean expressions are difficult to formulate and understand. This paper describes QBT (Query By Templates), a visual method for formulating queries for structured document databases modeled with SGML. Based on Zloof's QBE (Query By Example), this method incorporates the structure of the documents for composing powerful queries. The goal of this technique is to design an interface for querying structured documents without prior knowledge of the internal structure. This paper describes the rationale behind QBT, illustrates the query formulation principles using QBT, and describes results obtained from a usability analysis on a prototype implementation of QBT on the Web using the Java/sup TM/ programming language.
Hepatic trans-Golgi action coordinated by the GTPase ARFRP1 is crucial for lipoprotein lipidation and assembly (2013)

The liver is a major organ in whole body lipid metabolism and malfunctioning can lead to various diseases including dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes. Triglycerides and cholesteryl esters are packed in the liver as very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs). Generation of these lipoproteins is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum and further maturation likely occurs in the Golgi. ADP-ribosylation factor-related protein 1 (ARFRP1) is a small trans-Golgi-associated guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) that regulates protein sorting and is required for chylomicron lipidation and assembly in the intestine. Here we show that the hepatocyte-specific deletion of Arfrp1 (Arfrp1(liv-/-)) results in impaired VLDL lipidation leading to reduced plasma triglyceride levels in the fasted state as well as after inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity by Triton WR-1339. In addition, the concentration of ApoC3 that comprises 40% of protein mass of secreted VLDLs is markedly reduced in the plasma of Arfrp1(liv-/-) mice but accumulates in the liver accompanied by elevated triglycerides. Fractionation of Arfrp1(liv-/-) liver homogenates reveals more ApoB48 and a lower concentration of triglycerides in the Golgi compartments than in the corresponding fractions from control livers. In conclusion, ARFRP1 and the Golgi apparatus play an important role in lipoprotein maturation in the liver by influencing lipidation and assembly of proteins to the lipid particles.
Research on the external fluid mechanics of ocean thermal energy conversion plants : report covering experiments in a current (1981)

The first set of experiments is described in a physical model study to explore plume transport and recirculation potential for a range of generic Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plant designs and ambient conditions. Tests were conducted in a thermally-stratified 12 m x 18 m x 0.6 m basin, at an undistorted length scale ratio of 1:300, which allowed the upper 180 m of the ocean to be studied. Measurements included temperature, dye concentration and visual observations from still photographs. Conditions which have been tested include a range of plant sizes (nominally 200 MWe to 600 MWe), a range of discharge configurations (mixed vs. non-mixed evaporator and condenser flows; multiple vs. radial slot discharge port(s); variation of discharge-intake separation and variation of discharge angle), and a range of ambient density profiles (characterized by the depth of the surface mixed layer). The tests described herein are for a stagnant ambient ocean. Results have shown no significant recirculation for plant sizes up to 400 MWe for discharges directed either horizontally or with a downward component. However, significant recirculation was observed in a test of a 400 MWe plant in which the discharge was directed with a slight upward component and in amore » test of 600 MWe plant with a horizontal discharge. No significant difference in recirculation could be discerned between the mixed and the non-mixed discharge designs although substantial variation, in the plume equilibrium position was noted. Measurements of minimum plume dilution taken at approximately 1 km (prototype) from the plant generally fell in the range of 5 to 10 with a mean value of 7.4. This indicates that peak concentrations of any chemicals contained in the discharge would be about 14% of the discharge concentration. Other information, such as the plume shape and equilibrium position, intake temperature changes and perturbations to the ambient ocean profile, are included for each run.« less
Preparation and Characterization of Natural Quercetin-Based Mongolia Medicine Sendeng-4 Nanoemulsion (N-QUE-NE) and its Antibacterial Activity (2020)

This study explored the preparation and efficacy of N-QUE-NE, and the results showed that quercetin, tannin and toosendanin had satisfactory synergistic antibacterial effects. The antagonistic effect of quercetin and geniposide in nanoemulsion indicated that it is not beneficial to the antibacterial effect of Sendeng-4, and further research needs to be conducted to clarify its antibacterial effect.
Engineering personal and social affective applications (2011)

Affective (i.e., emotional) applications are becoming increasingly mainstream in entertainment and education. Yet, current techniques for building such applications are limited, and the maintenance and use of affect is in essence handcrafted in each application. The Koko architecture describes middleware that takes away the burden of incorporating affect into applications, thereby enabling developers to concentrate on the functional and creative aspects of their applications. 
However, Koko can be effective only if the models it needs to function are suitably constructed. To this end, we have developed Kokomo, a methodology for creating affective applications. Specifically, it incorporates expressive communicative acts, and uses them to guide the design of an affective application. We empirically evaluate Kokomo's utility through a developer study. The results are positive and demonstrate that the developers who used Kokomo, in conjunction with Koko, were able to develop an affective application in less time, with fewer lines of code, and with a reduced perception of difficulty than developers who worked without Kokomo. 
To affective applications, Koko makes two contributions: improving developer productivity by creating a reusable and extensible environment; and yielding an enhanced user experience by enabling independently developed applications to collaborate and provide a more coherent user experience than currently possible. To agent-oriented software engineering, Kokomo con tributes a methodology that incorporates expressives, which are largely ignored in conventional approaches, thus expanding the scope of AOSE to affective applications. 
Further, we describe booST and hooPS, two applications built using Koko, which are targeted toward the youth demographic. These mobile, social applications are designed with the goals of promoting health and well-being by engendering and strengthening social relationships among youth. What makes booST and hooPS stand out is that they exhibit sensitivity to their user's affective state and support the user in exchanging that state with other users. In this manner, these applications demonstrate how representing and reasoning about affect can facilitate deeper relationships that promote desirable behaviors and attitudes.
Assessment of Constitutive Properties of Solder Materials Used in Surface-Mount Devices for Harsh Environment Applications (2015)

To perform a thermomechanical simulation of surface-mount devices (SMD), relevant solder constitutive properties are needed. This paper reviews some promising Pb and Pb-free solders that are candidates to harsh environment applications. It presents the discrepancy in their common mechanical properties reported in the literature. The mechanical test systems, solder microstructure under test, and the test conditions (temperature and strain rate) are among the major causes for the discrepancy. The use of such variations in the solder thermomechanical properties as input data for simulation studies may cause reliability prediction less meaningful. A novel and reliable test methodology to extract relevant solder properties for surface mount applications is presented in this paper. To fulfill the methodology requirements, lap shear tests with accurate control of the reflow profile and dimensionally accurate solder joint thickness need to be conducted to reproduce the SMD solder joint microstructures for determining solder joint properties for elastic, plastic, and creep model simulations. Two case studies with high-Pb and Pb-free solders are presented. Time-independent yield strength and ultimate tensile strength data obtained from our studies were found to be higher than the reported literature data. This methodology can be extended for other solder material systems with any surface finish plating materials.