gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the polymerization of unsaturated C5‐hydrocarbons with aluminium chloride complexes (1983)

Abstract Some results obtained in the investigation of cationic polymerization of unsaturated C 5 hydrocarbons with AlCl 3 ‐based catalysts are presented. The effect of catalytic complexes and polymerization process on the efficiency of AlCl 3 is discussed. Based on the experimental data of the polymerization process and conductometric determinations the investigated reaction is discussed within the framework of current concepts on the mechanism of cationic polymerizations catalyzed by aluminium halides.
Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Albert Institute for Bladder Cancer Research Symposium (2017)

The Third Annual Albert Institute Bladder Symposium was held on September 8-10th, 2016, in Denver Colorado. Participants discussed several critical topics in the field of bladder cancer: 1) Best practices for tissue analysis and use to optimize correlative studies, 2) Modeling bladder cancer to facilitate understanding and innovation, 3) Targeted therapies for bladder cancer, 4) Tumor phylogeny in bladder cancer, 5) New Innovations in bladder cancer diagnostics. Our understanding of and approach to treating urothelial carcinoma is undergoing rapid advancement. Preclinical models of bladder cancer have been leveraged to increase our basic and mechanistic understanding of the disease. With the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma, the treatment approach for these patients has quickly changed. In this light, molecularly-defined subtypes of bladder cancer and appropriate pre-clinical models are now essential to the further advancement and appropriate application of these therapeutic improvements. The optimal collection and processing of clinical urothelial carcinoma tissues samples will also be critical in the development of predictive biomarkers for therapeutic selection. Technological advances in other areas including optimal imaging technologies and micro/nanotechnologies are being applied to bladder cancer, especially in the localized setting, and hold the potential for translational impact in the treatment of bladder cancer patients. Taken together, advances in several basic science and clinical areas are now converging in bladder cancer. These developments hold the promise of shaping and improving the clinical care of those with the disease.
OVERCOMING DESIGN FIXATION THROUGH EDUCATION AND CREATIVITY METHODS (2013)

This paper reports an experiment on the topic design fixation using 12 teams of masters students working on three design problems from (Jansson and Smith 1991). The objective of the experiment is to determine the effectiveness of two interventions to help overcome fixation on example solutions. The first intervention consisted of educating each team on the phenomena and effects of design fixation. The results showed that this intervention reduced the number of fixation elements in comparison to the control group (p=0.025). The second intervention involved using Dix et al (2006) 'Bad Ideas' method during a final design task. The results showed that the method did not help the teams as it caused the fixation ratio to increase and the number of ideas per team to decrease. In addition to the above mentioned interventions, the experiment also revealed a negative correlation between the number of ideas produced per group and the groups' fixation ratios, adding to the quantity breads novelty debate. Finally, the study also provided further evidence of the hypothesis by Agogu et al (2011) that example solutions constructed from restrictive partitions have a greater fixation affect.
Smart AC Storage based on Microbial Electrosynthesis Stack (2018)

In this paper, a variable and smart energy storage system, consisting on a two-level voltage source converter with LCL filter and Microbial Electrosynthesis (MES) stack, is presented. This energy storage system is able to contribute to damp the variability of renewables and provide grid services, by controlling the active and reactive power exchanged with the grid and can be considered as another alternative in the market of storage normally centered in batteries. The proposed system converts electrical energy into methane, taking waste water as another input. The converted energy inside the MES presents a new degree of freedom, which can be exploited to provide ancillary services such as energy management, frequency regulation, voltage profile improvement and oscillation damping. The big challenge for controlling this system lays on the fact that the dc bus voltage of the converter has to be changed in order to regulate the exchanged active power with the grid. This paper presents a cascaded approach to control such system by means of combining extern control loops with fast inner loops. The outer power loop, with a PI controller with special limitation values and anti-windup capability, is used to generate dc bus voltage reference. An intermediate loop is used for dc bus voltage regulation and current reference generation. A new proportional resonant controller is used to track the current reference. The proposed scheme is validated through real-time simulation in OPAL OP4510 hardware in the loop system.
Dynamical mapping of the human cardiomagnetic field with a room-temperature, laser-optical sensor (2003)

The magnetic field produced by the human heart carries valuable information for medical research, as well as for diagnostics and screening for disease. We have developed an optical method that allows us to produce movies of the temporal dynamics of the human cardiomagnetic field map. While such movies have been generated before with the help of SQUIDmagnetometers, our technique operates at room temperature and promises substantial economic advantages.
Arabidopsis Family GT43 Members are Xylan Xylosyltransferases Required for the Elongation of the Xylan Backbone (2011)

Xylan is the second most abundant polysaccharide in plant biomass targeted for biofuel production. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the biochemical mechanism underlying xylan biosynthesis. Although previous genetic studies have identified several genes implicated in xylan biosynthesis, biochemical proof of any of their encoded proteins as a xylan xylosyltransferase (XylT) responsible for xylan backbone biosynthesis is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the enzymatic activities of two Arabidopsis thaliana GT43 members, IRX9 (Irregular Xylem9) and IRX14, which have been genetically shown to be non-redundantly involved in the elongation of the xylan backbone. IRX9 and IRX14, alone or simultaneously, were heterologously expressed in tobacco BY2 cells, and microsomes isolated from the transgenic BY2 cells were tested for XylT activity using xylotetraose (Xyl(4)) as an acceptor and UDP-[(14)C]xylose as a donor. It was found that although microsomes with expression of IRX9 or IRX14 alone exhibited little incorporation of radiolabeled xylose, a high level of incorporation of radiolabeled xylose onto Xyl(4) was conferred by microsomes with co-expression of IRX9 and IRX14. Further analysis using fluorescent anthranilic acid-labeled xylotetraose (Xyl(4)-AA) as an acceptor revealed that up to five β-(1,4)-linked xylosyl residues were able to be transferred onto Xyl(4)-AA by microsomes with co-expression of IRX9 and IRX14. Furthermore, it was shown that xylooligomers ranging from Xyl(3)-AA to Xyl(6)-AA could all be used as acceptors for the xylosyl transfer by microsomes with co-expression of IRX9 and IRX14. Together, these findings provide the first biochemical evidence that IRX9 and IRX14 are xylosyltransferases that operate cooperatively in the elongation of the xylan backbone.
Effects of Auricular Chondrocyte Expansion on Neocartilage Formation in Photocrosslinked Hyaluronic Acid Networks (2006)

The overall objective of this study was to examine the effects of in vitro expansion on neocartilage formation by auricular chondrocytes photoencapsulated in a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel as a next step toward the clinical application of tissue engineering therapies for treatment of damaged cartilage. Swine auricular chondrocytes were encapsulated either directly after isolation (p = 0), or after further in vitro expansion ( p = 1 and p = 2) in a 2 wt%, 50-kDa HA hydrogel and implanted subcutaneously in the dorsum of nude mice. After 12 weeks, constructs were explanted for mechanical testing and biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis and compared to controls of HA gels alone and native cartilage. The compressive equilibrium moduli of the p = 0 and p = 1 constructs (51.2 +/- 8.0 and 72.5 +/- 35.2 kPa, respectively) were greater than the p = 2 constructs (26.8 +/- 14.9 kPa) and the control HA gel alone (12.3 +/- 1.3 kPa) and comparable to auricular cartilage (35.1 +/- 12.2 kPa). Biochemical analysis showed a general decrease in glycosaminoglycan (GAG), collagen, and elastin content with chondrocyte passage, though no significant differences were found between the p = 0 and p = 1 constructs for any of the analyses. Histological staining showed intense and uniform staining for aggrecan, as well as greater type II collagen versus type I collagen staining in all constructs. Overall, this study illustrates that constructs with the p = 0 and p = 1 auricular chondrocytes produced neocartilage tissue that resembled native auricular cartilage after 12 weeks in vivo. However, these results indicate that further expansion of the chondrocytes (p = 2) can lead to compromised tissue properties.
Supplementary Methods from p53 Negatively Regulates the Hepatoma Growth Factor HDGF (2023)

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EURL ECVAM Strategy for Replacement of Animal Testing for Skin Sensitisation Hazard Identification and Classification (2013)

In the absence of validated and regulatory accepted alternative methods, the assessment of the skin sensitisation potential of chemicals still relies on animal testing. Progress in the development of alternative methods has been prompted by the increasing knowledge on the key mechanisms of the skin sensitisation pathway, as recently documented in the OECD Adverse Outcome Pathway for skin sensitisation. Based on an analysis of the regulatory requirements for this endpoint within relevant pieces of EU chemicals legislation, EURL ECVAM has decided to focus its efforts on the development of non-animal testing strategies for skin sensitisation hazard identification and classification, including the subcategorisation of sensitisers, according to the GHS classification system. This would satisfy the majority of the regulatory requirements within the EU and would have a significant impact in terms of replacing animal experiments. This report describes the EURL ECVAM strategy for achieving this goal.
Design of Iterative Mechanisms for Combinatorial Auctions and Exchanges (2004)

Combinatorial auctions and combinatorial exchanges represent an important class of mechanisms having major applications in e-commerce and e-business. These are mechanisms where bidders are allowed to submit bids on combinations of items. The allocation problem or the winner determination problem in these mechanisms is an extremely computation intensive problem and developing computationally efficient algorithms for solving this problem exactly or approximately is currently an active area of research. Motivated by this, in this thesis, we develop iterative mechanisms for combinatorial auctions and combinatorial exchanges drawing upon ideas from auction theory, duality theory, combinatorial optimization, and mechanism design. The contributions of this thesis are in two parts: Part 1 is devoted to combinatorial auctions and Part 2 to combinatorial exchanges.
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF MORPHOLOGICAL FRACTIONS OF Sesbania sesban and Desmodium intortum (VALOR NUTRITIVO DE LAS FRACCIONES MORFOLÓGICAS DE Sesbania sesban Y Desmodium intortum) (2011)

SUMMARY Nutritive value of morphological fractions of Sesbania sesban [accession 15019] and Desmodium intortum cv. Greenleaf was estimated based on chemical composition, in sacco dry matter (DM) degradability, in vitro gas production (IVGP) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). In Sesbania, neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) and acid detergent fiber (ADFom) contents were higher (P twigs > whole forage > leaves. The soluble tannins (STs) content was higher (P<0.05) in green pods and whereas the content of condensed tannins (CTs) was higher (P<0.05) in leaves and whole forage. All fractions had sufficient levels of macro and micro minerals, except sodium. Sesbania leaves and whole forage had higher (P<0.05) potential in sacco degradability (A+B) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). In the case of Desmodium, the twigs had lower CP contents and leaves had lower NDFom, ADFom and ADLsa contents. The STs content was highest in leaves whereas the CTs content was higher in whole forage. The washing loss (A) was higher in twigs, while the slowly degradable fraction (B) was higher in greed pods. In the view of the nutrient contents, both Sesbania and Desmodium can be used as a supplement to improve the nutritional status of ruminants fed low quality roughages.
Measurement of the polarization state of light using an integrated plasmonic polarimeter (2012)

Abstract Plasmonics has started to facilitate the replacement of bulky optical components in optical systems by compact nanometallic elements that perform the same function. This allows for a natural and very dense integration with electronic devices. In this vein, we present a silicon (Si) photodetector integrated with a set of plasmonic structures that can be used as either a broadband linear‐Stokes polarimeter or a narrowband full‐Stokes polarimeter capable of determining the complete state of polarization of a light beam. At a probe‐wavelength of 830 nm, our experimental results show contrast ratios of 25 and 1.13 for orthogonal linear and circular states of polarization, in good agreement with simulations. The resulting device is lightweight, orders of magnitude smaller than conventional polarimeters, and mechanically robust. For these reasons, there promises to be a wide range of applications including polarimetric imaging and sensing.
Precisely modulated pathogenicity island interference with late phage gene transcription (2014)

Having gone to great evolutionary lengths to develop resistance to bacteriophages, bacteria have come up with resistance mechanisms directed at every aspect of the bacteriophage life cycle. Most genes involved in phage resistance are carried by plasmids and other mobile genetic elements, including bacteriophages and their relatives. A very special case of phage resistance is exhibited by the highly mobile phage satellites, staphylococcal pathogenicity islands (SaPIs), which carry and disseminate superantigen and other virulence genes. Unlike the usual phage-resistance mechanisms, the SaPI-encoded interference mechanisms are carefully crafted to ensure that a phage-infected, SaPI-containing cell will lyse, releasing the requisite crop of SaPI particles as well as a greatly diminished crop of phage particles. Previously described SaPI interference genes target phage functions that are not required for SaPI particle production and release. Here we describe a SaPI-mediated interference system that affects expression of late phage gene transcription and consequently is required for SaPI and phage. Although when cloned separately, a single SaPI gene totally blocks phage production, its activity in situ is modulated accurately by a second gene, achieving the required level of interference. The advantage for the host bacteria is that the SaPIs curb excessive phage growth while enhancing their gene transfer activity. This activity is in contrast to that of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), which totally block phage growth at the cost of phage-mediated gene transfer. In staphylococci the SaPI strategy seems to have prevailed during evolution: The great majority of Staphylococcus aureus strains carry one or more SaPIs, whereas CRISPRs are extremely rare.
Privacy-Preserving Initial Public Offering using SCALE-MAMBA and Hyperledger Fabric (2021)

We consider Initial Public Offering (IPO) on blockchains while preserving privacy using Secure Multiparty Computation (MPC), which allows participants to perform a computation on secret data. We provide “MPC as a service”, where users requiring a computation distributes shares of their data to MPC workers who run an MPC protocol on the shares and return the result. Previous work by Benhamouda et al. considered IPO over Hyperledger Fabric. We improve by providing a tighter and easier integration of MPC protocol in Fabric using the MPC library SCALE-MAMBA. We explain the obtained security benefits and experimental results are provided.
Narrowing of the electron energy spectrum in the ILU-10 accelerator (2009)

Results of numerical and experimental investigations of electron energy spectrum narrowing by applying an external boosting HF voltage to the grid-cathode gap of a triode HF gun in the ILU-10 single-cavity pulsed accelerator (electron energy, 5 MeV; mean beam power, 50 kW; operating frequency, 116.3 MHz) are described. These results showed that, without a booster HF voltage, 62% of the beam power is within 5% of the energy spread and, after a booster voltage of the operating frequency is applied, as much as 74% of the beam power falls within these limits. Finally, at a booster voltage of the third harmonic, 93% of the beam power lies within 5% of the energy spread.
Bio-inspired Autonomic Structures: a middleware for Telecommunications Ecosystems. (2010)

Today, people are making use of several devices for communications, for accessing multi-media content services, for data/information retrieving, for processing, computing, etc.: examples are laptops, PDAs, mobile phones, digital cameras, mp3 players, smart cards and smart appliances. One of the most attracting service scenarios for future Telecommunications and Internet is the one where people will be able to browse any object in the they live: communications, sensing and processing of data and services will be highly pervasive. In this vision, people, machines, artifacts and the surrounding space will create a kind of computational and, at the same time, the interfaces to the network resources. A challenging technological issue will be interconnection and management of heterogeneous systems and a huge amount of small devices tied together in networks of networks. Moreover, future network and service infrastructures should be able to provide Users and Application Developers (at different levels, e.g., residential Users but also SMEs, LEs, ASPs/Web2.0 Service roviders, ISPs, Content Providers, etc.) with the most appropriate environment according to their context and specific needs. Operators must be ready to manage such level of complication enabling their latforms with technological advanced allowing network and services self-supervision and self-adaptation capabilities. Autonomic software solutions, enhanced with innovative bio-inspired mechanisms and algorithms, are promising areas of long term research to face such challenges. This chapter proposes a bio-inspired autonomic middleware capable of leveraging the assets of the underlying network infrastructure whilst, at the same time, supporting the development of future Telecommunications and Internet Ecosystems.
In vitro activity of BRL 36650, a new semisynthetic penicillin (1986)

BRL 36650 [sodium 6 beta-(D-2-[(4-ethyl-2, 3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carbonylamino]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acetamido)-6 alpha-formamido-penicillinate] is a new semisynthetic penicillin. It was tested in vitro for activity against 884 organisms cultured from blood specimens of cancer patients. BRL 36650 had broad-spectrum activity against the gram-negative bacilli tested but had no gram-positive activity. The MIC against 90% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates was 3.12 micrograms/ml. The activity of BRL 36650 was superior to that of piperacillin, comparable or slightly inferior to that of aztreonam and ceftazidime, and lower than that of imipenem and amifloxacin. BRL 36650 should prove useful for the management of gram-negative bacillary infections, including those caused by P. aeruginosa.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATIVE‐ADDITION ACROSS A CARBON‐SULFUR BOND, PLATINIUM(0) COMPLEXES WITH ETHYLENE TRITHIOCARBONATE AND TRIMETHYLENE TRITHIOCARBONATE (1974)

Abstract Der Platin‐Phosphin‐Komplex (I) reagiert mit den Trithiocarbonaten (II) unter oxidativer Addition zu den luftstabilen Kristallen (III), die mit Schwefelkohlenstoff unter Ersatz der Liganden zu dem bekannten Komplex (IV) reagieren.
Cavalry identity and democratic ideology in early fourth-century Athens (2002)

In 395 BC, after just under a decade of (nominal) peace between Athens and Sparta, the Corinthian War broke out, and, for the first time since the end of the Peloponnesian War, forces of Athenian cavalry were despatched to fight on behalf of their own city. The surviving historical narratives of the events at Haliartus in that year, and at Corinth and Coronea the next, are often incomplete, inconsistent, or both; the detail of what contribution – if any – was made by the cavalry to the campaign is no exception to that pattern. My aim in what follows, however, is not to attempt to reach the truth of what really happened in those engagements, but rather to look at a small group of material produced by and about members of the cavalry forces involved in the campaign, and to explore some of the ways in which the military exploits of this stereotypically rich and élite section of Athenian society are represented in the city – especially in contexts with particularly democratic associations. In doing so, I want to investigate the idea that Athenian attitudes to the cavalry undergo a significant, and hostile, shift at the end of the Peloponnesian War: the claim, that is, that the cavalry had always been a distinct group in Athens, but, in the 390s, that distinction comes in the form of infamy rather than fame. But I also hope to demonstrate the necessity of adopting a more nuanced approach to the study of the formation of these (positive or negative) attitudes: the image of the cavalry is shaped by the views of those outside that class, but also by the cavalry themselves; moreover, the cavalry are not necessarily simply reactive in their self-presentation, but can be allowed a more proactive role in the shaping of their own self-image.
Sexually dimorphic stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to an intravenous corticotropin-releasing hormone challenge of Brahman cattle following transportation (2012)

This study was designed to characterize potential sexually dimorphic stress and immunological responses following a corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) challenge in beef cattle. Six female (heifers) and six male (bulls) Brahman calves (264 ± 12 d of age) were administered CRH intravenously (0.5 µg of CRH/kg body mass) after which serum concentrations of cortisol increased from 0.5 h to 4 h. From 1 h to 4 h after CRH administration, serum cortisol concentrations were greater in heifers than in bulls. In all cattle, increased serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ were observed from 2.5 h to 3 h after CRH, with greater concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-6 in heifers than bulls. Heifer total leukocyte counts decreased 1 h after CRH administration, while bull leukocyte counts and percent neutrophils decreased 2 h after CRH administration. Heifers had greater rectal temperatures than bulls, yet rectal temperatures did not change following administration of CRH. There was no effect of CRH administration on heart rate. However, bulls tended to have increased heart rate 2 h after CRH administration than before CRH. Heifer heart rate was greater than bulls throughout the study. These data demonstrate that acute CRH administration can elicit a pro-inflammatory response, and cattle exhibit a sexually dimorphic pro-inflammatory cytokine and cortisol response to acute CRH administration.