gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Process Planning for Embedding Flexible Materials in Multi-Material Prototypes (2003)

We describe a set of techniques to permit the fabrication of multi-material layered prototypes with embedded flexible components such as reinforcing fibers, fabrics and electrical wiring. The main challenges are to maintain the shapes of the flexible elements during processing and to control precisely the geometries of adjacent regions of part material without either damaging the flexible elements or being hindered by them. The solutions involve sequences of controlled deposition and/or removal of part material and sacrificial “buffer” material. Functional considerations concerning strength and fatigue life may induce additional constraints on the processing sequence. Where conventional material removal is impractical, we present a new approach involving a hybrid of photolithography and shape deposition manufacturing. Alternative methods of achieving similar functions without cross-boundary embedding can ease fabrication and even improve performance. Design and process selection guidelines have been composed based on fabrication experience.
High-Yield Physiology (2007)

Part of the popular High-Yield[Trademark] Series, this new book features the essential concepts of human physiology presented in a concise, uncluttered fashion. High-Yield[Trademark] Physiology gives students what they need to prepare them for the physiology questions on USMLE Step 1. The information found in this text provides a comprehensive overview of physiology in a concentrated format and serves as a valuable resource for course and board review.
Plant cultured cells expressing human beta1,4-galactosyltransferase secrete glycoproteins with galactose-extended N-linked glycans (2002)

Previously, we generated transgenic tobacco BY2 suspension-cultured cells (GT6 cells) that produced human beta1,4-galactosyltransferase. In this study, we analyze the N-glycan structures of glycoproteins secreted from GT6 cells to the spent medium. The N-glycans were liberated by hydrazinolysis, and the resulting oligosaccharides were labeled with 2-aminopyridine (PA). The pyridylaminated glycans were purified by reversed-phase and size-fractionation HPLC. The structures of the PA sugar chains were identified by the combined use of 2D PA sugar chain mapping, MS/MS analysis, and exoglycosidase digestion. The distribution of proposed N-glycan structures of GT6-secreted glycoproteins (GalGNM5 [26.8%], GalGNM4 [18.4%], GalGNM3 [19.6%], and GalGNM3X [35.2%]) is different from that found in intracellular glycoproteins (M7A [9.3%], M7B [15.9%], M6B [19.5%], M5 [1.4%], M3X [6.6%], GalGNM5 [35.5%], and GalGNM3 [11.8%]). In vitro, sialic acid was transferred to sugar chains of extracellular glycoproteins from the GT6 spent medium. The results suggest that sugar chains of extracellular glycoproteins from the GT6 spent medium are candidates for substrates of sialic acid transfer.
Optimized Processing of Growth Factor Mobilized Peripheral Blood CD34+ Products by Counterflow Centrifugal Elutriation (2012)

Cell separation by counterflow centrifugal elutriation has been described for the preparation of monocytes for vaccine applications, but its use in other current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) operations has been limited. In this study, growth factor-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cell products were collected from healthy donors and processed by elutriation using a commercial cell washing device. Fractions were collected for each product as per the manufacturer's instructions or using a modified protocol developed in our laboratory. Each fraction was analyzed for cell count, viability, and blood cell differential. Our data demonstrate that, using standard elutriation procedures, >99% of red blood cells and platelets were removed from apheresis products with high recoveries of total white blood cells and enrichment of CD34+ cells in two of five fractions. With modification of the basic protocol, we were able to collect all of the CD34+ cells in a single fraction. The CD34-enriched fractions were formulated, labeled with a ferromagnetic antibody to CD34, washed using the Elutra device, and transferred directly to a magnetic bead selection device for further purification. CD34+ cell purities from the column were extremely high (98.7 ± 0.9%), and yields were typical for the device (55.7 ± 12.3%). The processes were highly automated and closed from receipt of the apheresis product through formulation of target-enriched cell fractions. Thus, elutriation is a feasible method for the initial manipulations associated with primary blood cell therapy products and supports cGMP and current good tissue practice-compliant cell processing.
Low intensity gamma-ray monitor for in-situ solids fraction measurements in liquids (2022)

Abstract A novel detection system has been designed to measure the settling of solids in tailing ponds in order to facilitate the reuse of water in oil sands extraction processing, tailings excavation, transportation and management. The system is based on a weak gamma ray source and an inexpensive scintillator-based detector. The system measures gamma ray photons which are transmitted through the material of interest which are detected by a combined scintillator and Multi Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) detector. This non-destructive measurement allows the determination of the solids contents profile versus depth in a tailing pond. The attenuation of gamma radiation depends on the density of the solids within the fluid tailings and thus varies with the weight fraction of solids content of the tailings. Modelling of the system was carried out by Geant4 simulations. The system was deployed using a weak 133 Ba gamma-ray source together with a simple microprocessor controller readout circuit to analyze the pulse height response of a Cerium doped Lutetium Yttrium Orthosilicate (LYSO (Ce)) scintillator crystal. The detection system is calibrated with the known samples and can measure solids content with a relative precision of within ∼2%.
A clinical study of the patients of mandibular dysfunction. II. The effect of the full coverage occlusal splint therapy. (1986)

The clinical effect of full coverage occlusal splint during 13 weeks insertion was investigated in 30 mandibular dysfunction patients with two or more symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, TMJ sounds and limitation of mandibular movement followed by no organic change in the TMJ, who were reported in part 1 of this study.A remarkable effect of occlusal splint was obtained and 86.7% of the 30 patients were improved totally. Especially, the symptoms, TMJ pain and shoulder stiffness were much improved, but less effective was seen to buccal pain and temporal headache. The period of producing the effect of occlusal splint was different to each symptom, but no change was seen after 10 weeks in any symptoms.These results clearly show the effect of full coverage occlusal splint for mandibular dysfunction patients and useful suggestion of occlusal splint therapy to this disease was obtained.
Proinsulin/insulin is synthesized locally and prevents caspase‐ and cathepsin‐mediated cell death in the embryonic mouse retina (2006)

Programmed cell death is an essential, highly regulated process in neural development. Although the role of insulin-like growth factor I in supporting the survival of neural cells has been well characterized, studies on proinsulin/insulin are scarce. Here, we characterize proinsulin/insulin effects on cell death in embryonic day 15.5 mouse retina. Both proinsulin mRNA and proinsulin/insulin immunoreactivity were found in the developing retina. Organotypic embryonic day 15.5 retinas cultured under growth factor deprivation showed an increase in cell death that was reversed by proinsulin, insulin and insulin-like growth factor I, with similar median effective concentration values via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activation. Although insulin and insulin-like growth factor I provoked a sustained Akt phosphorylation, proinsulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt was not found. Analysis of the growth factor deprivation-induced cell death mechanisms, using caspase and cathepsin inhibitors, demonstrated that both protease families were required for the effective execution of cell death. The insulin survival effect, which decreased the extent and distribution of cell death to levels similar to those found in vivo, was not enhanced by simultaneous treatment with caspase and cathepsin inhibitors, suggesting that insulin interferes with these protease pathways in the embryonic mouse retina. The mechanisms characterized in this study provide new details on early neural cell death and its genuine regulation by insulin/proinsulin.
In vitro Studies Concerning Fluoride Absorption. (1964)

In vitro studies were conducted on gastrointestinal segments from albino rats in an attempt to elucidate factors involved in the mechanism of fluoride absorption. The results of these studies suggested that no active transport system is involved since fluoride would not travel against a concentration gradient across the intestinal wall nor was the diffusion rate influenced appreciably by enzyme poisons or temperature changes. In addition, the rate of diffusion varied with the diffusion area as was expected and diffusion was inhibited by physiological concentrations of calcium and magnesium.
A practical flow-sensitive and context-sensitive C and C++ memory leak detector (2003)

This paper presents a static analysis tool that can automatically find memory leaks and deletions of dangling pointers in large C and C++ applications.We have developed a type system to formalize a practical ownership model of memory management.In this model, every object is pointed to by one and only one owning pointer, which holds the exclusive right and obligation to either delete the object or to transfer the right to another owning pointer.In addition, a pointertyped class member field is required to either always or never own its pointee at public method boundaries.Programs satisfying this model do not leak memory or delete the same object more than once.We have also developed a flow-sensitive and context-sensitive algorithm to automatically infer the likely ownership interfaces of methods in a program.It identifies statements inconsistent with the model as sources of potential leaks or double deletes.The algorithm is sound with respect to a large subset of the C and C++ language in that it will report all possible errors.It is also practical and useful as it identifies those warnings likely to correspond to errors and helps the user understand the reported errors by showing them the assumed method interfaces.Our techniques are validated with an implementation of a tool we call Clouseau.We applied Clouseau to a suite of applications: two web servers, a chat client, secure shell tools, executable object manipulation tools, and a compiler.The tool found a total of 134 serious memory errors in these applications.The tool analyzes over 50K lines of C++ code in about 9 minutes on a 2 GHz Pentium 4 machine and over 70K lines of C code in just over a minute.
Oral Iron Chelators (2009)

Deferoxamine (DFO) was the standard of care for transfusional iron overload for >40 years, requiring subcutaneous infusion for 8-12 h/day, 5-7 days/week. Oral iron chelators are an important development, offering the potential to improve compliance and patients' quality of life. The oral, three-times-daily agent deferiprone appeared to be a promising advance; however, its use has been limited owing to serious adverse events, such as neutropenia and agranulocytosis. Therapy combining deferiprone with DFO has proved effective in the management of severe cardiac siderosis. Deferasirox is a novel, orally active agent that provides 24-h chelation with a once-daily dose. An extensive clinical trial program has demonstrated that deferasirox at appropriate doses is effective in reducing or maintaining iron burden in adult and pediatric patients. The clinical program demonstrated that deferasirox has a safety profile that is clinically manageable with regular monitoring.
Alloantigen-Reactive Th1 Development in IL-12-Deficient Mice (1998)

IL-12p70, a 70- to 75-kDa heterodimer consisting of disulfide-bonded 35-kDa (p35) and 40-kDa (p40) subunits, enhances Th1 development primarily by its ability to induce IFN-gamma production by NK and Th1 cells. Although homodimers of the p40 subunit of IL-12 are potent IL-12 receptor antagonists in some systems, we have reported that p40 homodimer may accentuate alloreactive CD8+ Th1 function. To test the role of endogenously produced p40 in alloimmunity, Th1 development was assessed in either IL-12 p35 knockout (p35-/-) mice, the cells of which are capable of secreting p40, or p40 knockout (p40-/-) mice. Compared with IL-12 wild-type controls, splenocytes obtained from both p35-/- and p40-/- mice produced markedly less IFN-gamma after in vitro stimulation with Con A or alloantigens. Interestingly, in vivo-sensitized Th1 were detected in both p35-/- and p40-/- cardiac allograft recipients. However, in vivo Th1 development was enhanced in p35-/- recipients compared with p40-/- animals, suggesting that endogenous p40 produced in p35-/- mice may stimulate alloreactive Th1. Indeed, neutralizing endogenous p40 with anti-IL-12 p40 mAb reduced Th1 development in p35-/- allograft recipients to that seen in p40-/- mice. To determine whether Th1 development that occurred in the absence of IL-12p70 and p40 required IFN-gamma, p40-/- allograft recipients were treated with anti-IFN-gamma mAb. Neutralizing IFN-gamma did not inhibit in vivo Th1 development in p40-/- recipients and resulted in a unique pathology of rejection characterized by vascular thromboses. Collectively, these data suggest that 1) endogenous p40 may substitute for IL-12p70 in alloantigen-specific Th1 sensitization in vivo and 2) in vivo alloreactive Th1 development may occur independent of IL-12 and IFN-gamma, suggesting an alternate Th1-sensitizing pathway.
transepithelial transport and in vivo oral absorption of simvastatin (2015)

13 Abstract 14 This study compared formulation effects of a dendrimer and a liposome preparation on the water solubility, transepithelial transport, and 15 oral bioavailability of simvastatin (SMV). Amine-terminated G5 PAMAM dendrimer (G5-NH2) was chosen to form SMV/G5-NH2 16 molecular complexes, and SMV-liposomes were prepared by using a thin film dispersion method. The effects of these preparations on the 17 transepithelial transport were investigated in vitro using Caco-2 cell monolayers. Results indicated that the solubility and transepithelial 18 transport of SMV were significantly improved by both formulations. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats also revealed that both the SMV/G519 NH2 molecular complexes and the SMV-liposomes significantly improved the oral bioavailability of SMV with the liposomes being more 20 effective than the G5-NH2. The overall better oral absorption of SMV-liposomes as compared to SMV/G5-NH2 molecular complexes 21 appeared to arise from better liposomal solubilization and encapsulation of SMV and more efficient intracellular SMV delivery. 22 © 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Organization and features of the Michigan terminal system (1971)

This paper will explore some aspects of the Michigan Terminal System (MTS) developed at the University of Michigan. MTS is the operating system used on the IBM 360/67 at the University of Michigan Computing Center, as well as at several other installations. It supports a large variety of uses ranging from very small student-type jobs to large jobs requiring several million bytes of storage and hours of processor time. Currently at the University of Michigan there are about 13,000 users running as many as 86,000 jobs per month.
Motion-control: the power side of disk drives (2002)

Pure motion-control at the speed and precision required for disk drives is difficult by itself, but the problems become even worse when it comes to emergency conditions like the loss of supply voltages. To prevent the head from crashing into or sticking on the media in this case, it has to be moved to a park position-still with broken power supply. This and many other functions are integrated in the motion-control circuit, covering the range from power/analog to digital circuitry.
Metabolic Differences in Glutamine Utilization Lead to Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Prostate Cancer (2017)

The new oncologic paradigm of precision medicine is focused on identifying metabolic, proteomic, transcriptomic and genomic variabilities in tumors that can be exploited to tailor treatments and improve patient outcomes. Metabolic changes are a hallmark of cancer, and inhibition of metabolic pathways is now a major strategy in medicinal chemistry for targeting cancers. However, non-invasive biomarkers to categorize metabolic subtypes are in short supply. The purpose of this study was to characterize the intracellular and extracellular metabolic profiles of four prostate cancer cell lines with varying degrees of aggressiveness. We observed metabolic differences between the aggressive prostate cancer cell line PC3 and the even more aggressive, metastatic subline PC3M assessed by hyperpolarized in vivo pyruvate studies, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and carbon-13 feeding studies. On further examination of the differences between these two cell lines, we found increased glutamine utilization in the metastatic PC3M subline that led directly to sensitivity to glutaminase inhibitor CB-839. Our study supports the theory that metastatic progression increases glutamine utilization and the inhibition of glutaminolysis could have clinical implications.
Hierarchical Successive Group Decoding Achieves Capacity in the Multiple Access Channel With General Message Sets (2017)

We establish that the capacity regions of the discrete memoryless and vector Gaussian multiple access channels with general message sets are achievable with hierarchical successive group decoding, where groups of messages are successively decoded in accordance with the following rule: for each pair of messages known to nested sets of transmitters, the message known to more transmitters is decoded prior to-and not jointly with-the message known to fewer transmitters. This conclusion requires neither rate-splitting nor time-sharing, and is agnostic to whether or not the messages were encoded dependently. For instance, with private messages, hierarchical successive group decoding includes jointly decoding all messages at once, while for degraded messages, it is successive decoding in only one order. A consequence of our main result is that the capacity region of the multiple access channel with general message sets is achievable by time-sharing between only those successive decoding vertices whose decoding order respects the rule described as earlier.
Surgical management of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome. (2011)

The initial management of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is medical measures to reduce intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). These, in combination with percutaneous drainage of peritoneal free fluid, may serve to reduce IAH. If these measures fail, surgical decompression of the abdomen by laparotomy is necessary to control the IAP, search for and treat inciting factors, and reduce the hypertension. The abdomen is usually left open with temporary abdominal closure techniques. Surgical decompression of IAH associated with acute pancreatitis or secondary abdominal compartment syndrome has other surgical options besides a complete celiotomy. Attention to detail in surgical technique and postoperative care is essential for optimal outcome.
Satellite Failure Estimation vs. Reliability Prediction Analysis (2019)

The satellite technology has been attracting the attention of governments and companies with increasing areas of application. For any of these application areas, reliable and rugged design of satellite is essential. In case there is a failure on satellite, according to its severity, it may lead to the loss of the mission or even the satellite. Therefore, assessing possible satellite failures that might occur during its operational life and taking precautions in the design phase is very critical for satellite programs. In general, numerical reliability analysis starts with setting numerical reliability objective at satellite level, and then allocating the numerical value within lower levels. After all, analysis is verified with performing bottom-up reliability prediction analysis. However, typical reliability prediction analysis uses failure rate data from well-known reliability libraries, statistical evaluations, probability distribution models and all of them include various uncertainties. Because of these uncertainties, reliability prediction result may be too conservative or the opposite way round too loose which can result with overdesign or under-design satellite respectively. In this study, in order to reduce these design handicaps, usage of real life data for reliability prediction analysis will be evaluated. A method to compare the reliability prediction analysis of a satellite sub-system with the results of failure estimation algorithm using the real satellite failures observed in space will be proposed.
Elimination of Tritiated Thymidine from Birds (1997)

The kinetics with which tritiated thymidine is eliminated from birds and the concentration of radioactivity remaining in the carcass after 350-430 h were measured. Birds injected with tritiated thymidine eliminated 98% of the radioactivity injected within 28 h. Ninety-eight percent was identified in the excreta, and less than 2% of the radioactivity injected remained in the birds 28 h after injection.
Electrogeneration of H2O2 utilizing anodic O2 on a polytetrafluoroethylene-modified cathode in a flow-through reactor (2020)

Efficient electrogeneration of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) is critical for treatment of refractory pollutants by the electro-Fenton process. An effective strategy is developed by combining a flow-through reactor with a poly- tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-modified graphite felt cathode. In this design, anodic oxygen is directly used for efficient H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation at the modified cathode. Experimental results show that the modified cathode with the optimum PTFE content can produce 29.6 mg/L of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, which is 16 times higher than the unmodified graphite felt cathode for a flow rate of 3 mL/min. Maximum H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production, up to 30.7 mg/L, was obtained under the following conditions: 120 mA, 3 mL/min, initial pH 13, no external aeration.
The molecular-weight dependence of the rate-enhancing effect of heparin on the inhibition of thrombin, factor Xa, factor IXa, factor XIa, factor XIIa and kallikrein by antithrombin (1981)

Heparin fractions of different molecular weight and with high affinity for antithrombin were studied with respect to their ability to potentiate the inhibition of activated clotting factors by antithrombin. Inhibition of thrombin, Factor IXa and Factor XIa showed similarities in the dependence on the molecular weight of heparin and was found to decrease with decreasing molecular weight. Inactivation of Factor Xa, Factor XIIa and kallikrein was, however, less dependent on the size of the polysaccharide and, to a great extent, was potentiated even by low-molecular-weight heparin fractions that had virtually no effect on the inhibition of thrombin, Factor IXa and Factor XIa.