gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulse wave recording – development of a method for investigating foetal circulationin utero (1985)

The need to investigate the elastic properties of arterial vessels 'in situ' for the early recognition of degenerative disorders in arteries has long been apparent. Volume pulses in defined segments of arteries can be evaluated for this purpose, and the present paper contains a survey of earlier attempts to quantify volume pulses by means of ultrasound. A presentation is given of a recently developed digital system, comprising a phase-locked echo tracker, capable of monitoring non-invasively the diameter and its pulsatile changes of a selected artery along two chosen image lines of a linear array ultrasound scanner. The physical limitations of tracking fast-moving ultrasound echoes by means of phase-locked range gating are reported and the advantage is emphasized of using a gate length of one full period. This system has been calibrated, tested and applied in measurements of pulse wave pattern and propagation velocity in the descending aorta of human foetuses in the last trimester of gestation. The present high-resolution echo-tracking method has yielded reproducible results in the foetus and appears suitable also for screening studies on adult vessels.
LOW LOSSES POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IN STRIPLINE TECHNOLOGY FOR PLANAR ARRAY ANTENNAS (2013)

Nowadays low profile passive array antennas are being more and more used substituting traditional parabolic antennas in satellite communications. To achieve a good efficiency in printed arrays it is necessary to use a low loss network. A shielded suspended stripline is proposed in this paper. The main aim of this network is to distribute the power among subarrays in an array antenna with minimum losses. Several vertical transitions to subarrays are shown besides some network designs for square arrays at X band.
Wnt1 and MEK1 Cooperate to Promote Cyclin D1 Accumulation and Cellular Transformation (2000)

Members of the Wnt family of signal transducers regulate cellular differentiation/reorganization and cellular proliferation. However, few pro-proliferative targets of Wnt have been identified. We now show that cyclin D1, a critical mediator of cell cycle progression, is a downstream target of Wnt-dependent signaling. NIH-3T3 cell lines engineered to overexpress Wnt1 displayed reduced glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity. Wnt1-dependent glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibition corresponded with decreased cyclin D1 proteolysis and, thus, hyperaccumulation of active cyclin D1.CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4) kinase. However, in the absence of serum-derived growth factors, Wnt-1 was not sufficient to drive cyclin D1 accumulation or S-phase entry. In contrast, cells engineered to co-express Wnt1 and activated MEK1 accumulated high levels of cyclin D1 and entered the DNA synthetic phase in the absence of serum-derived growth factors, a characteristic of neoplastic transformation. The ability of a dominant-negative cyclin D1 mutant, D1-T156A, to inhibit Wnt1/MEK1-dependent S-phase entry suggests that cyclin D1 is a critical downstream target for Wnt1- and MEK1-dependent cellular proliferation.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles [cf. (XIII)], Imidazo[2,1‐b]imidazoles [cf. (III), (VIII)] and Pyrrolo[1,2‐c]imidazoles [cf. (XVII)]. Synthesis, Structure and Evaluation of Benzodiazepine Receptor Binding. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CPU scheduling for statistically-assured real-time performance and improved energy efficiency (2004)

We present a CPU scheduling algorithm, called Energy-efficient Utility Accrual Algorithm (or EUA), for battery-powered, embedded real-time systems. We consider an embedded software application model where repeatedly occurring application activities are subject to deadline constraints specified using step time/utility functions. For battery-powered embedded systems, system-level energy consumption is also a primary concern. We consider CPU scheduling that (1) provides assurances on individual and collective application timeliness behaviors and (2) maximizes system-level timeliness and energy efficiency. Since the scheduling problem is intractable, EUA heuristically computes CPU schedules with a polynomial-time cost. Several properties of EUA are analytically established, including timeliness optimality during under-load situations and statistical assurances on timeliness behavior. Further, our simulation results confirm EUA's superior performance.
Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Its Receptors in the Central Nervous System in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2006)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) prolongs survival in the mutant SOD1 transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), whereas dysregulation of VEGF through deletion of its hypoxia-regulatory element causes motor neuron degeneration in mice. We investigated the expression of VEGF and its major agonist receptors in the normal central nervous system and in patients with ALS. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated similar expression patterns of VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in the spinal cord with finely punctate staining of the neuropil and strong expression in anterior horn cells (AHCs). Granular staining on the surface of some AHCs, similar to that seen with synaptic markers, suggested synaptic labeling. VEGFR2 staining was reduced in the neuropil of ALS cases (p=0.018) associated with a reduction of synaptophysin but not SNAP25 expression. A greater proportion of AHCs in ALS cases showed low expression of VEGF (p=0.006) and VEGFR2 (p=0.009) compared with controls. Expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 was confirmed by Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). The similar expression patterns of VEGF and VEGFR2 suggests autocrine/paracrine effects on spinal motor neurons, and the reduction in their expression seen in ALS cases would support the hypothesis that, as in mouse models of the disease, reduced VEGF signaling may play a role in the pathogenesis of ALS.
Conformation of peptide fragments of proteins in aqueous solution: implications for initiation of protein folding (1988)

Applications of sensitive new technologies, in particular, two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, have allowed detection of folded structures in short peptide fragments of proteins in aqueous solution under conditions where native proteins fold. These structures are in rapid dynamic exchange with unfolded states. These observations provide evidence in support of models for protein folding which postulate localized regions of folded structure as initiation sites for the folding process. Since these initiation processes are expected to be rapid, such models are consistent with kinetic evidence that the rate-determining steps of protein folding occur late in the process and probably involve rearrangement of incorrectly folded intermediates.
Channel masking synthesis for efficient on-chip test compression (2005)

The effectiveness of on-product test compression methods is degraded by the capture of unknown logic states ("X-states") by the scan elements. This work describes a simple but cost-effective solution called channel masking that masks the X-states and allows test compression methods to be widely deployed on a variety of designs. It also discusses various aspects of the channel masking hardware and the synthesis and validation methodology to support its use in a typical design flow. Results are presented to show its effectiveness on some large industrial designs.
Two-step nanoprecipitation for the production of protein-loaded PLGA nanospheres (2012)

One of the first methods to encapsulate drugs within polymer nanospheres was developed by Fessi and coworkers in 1989 and consisted of one-step nanoprecipitation based on solvent displacement. However, proteins are poorly encapsulated within polymer nanoparticles using this method because of their limited solubility in organic solvents. To overcome this limitation, we developed a two-step nanoprecipitation method and encapsulated various proteins with high efficiency into poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid (PLGA) nanospheres (NP). In this method, a protein nanoprecipitation step is used first followed by a second polymer nanoprecipitation step. Two model enzymes, lysozyme and α-chymotrypsin, were used for the optimization of the method. We obtained encapsulation efficiencies of >70%, an amount of buffer-insoluble protein aggregates of typically <2%, and a high residual activity of typically >90%. The optimum conditions identified for lysozyme were used to successfully encapsulate cytochrome c(Cyt-c), an apoptosis-initiating basic protein of similar size, to verify reproducibility of the encapsulation procedure. The size of the Cyt-c loaded-PLGA nanospheres was around 300-400 nm indicating the potential of the delivery system to passively target tumors. Cell viability studies, using a human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), demonstrate excellent biocompatibility of the PLGA nanoparticles. PLGA nanoparticles carrying encapsulated Cyt-c were not efficient in causing apoptosis presumably because PLGA nanoparticles are not efficiently taken up by the cells. Future systems will have to be optimized to ascertain efficient cellular uptake of the nanoparticles by, e.g., surface modification with receptor ligands.
Ultra-Shallow p+-Junction Formation in Silicon by Excimer Laser Doping: A Heat and Mass Transfer Perspective (1995)

Abstract A new technique is developed to fabricate the ultra-shallow p+-junctions with the depth from 30 nm to 400 nm. The ultra-shallow p+-junction is successfully made by the excimer laser doping of crystalline silicon with a solid spin-on-glass (SOG) dopant. High boron concentration of 1020 atoms/cc and the “box-like” junction profile are achieved through the nanosecond pulsed laser heating, melting, and boron mass diffusion in the 100 nm thin silicon layer close to the surface. The key mechanism determining the “box-like” junction shape is found to be the melt-solid interface limited diffusion. The optimal laser fluence condition for SOG doping is found about 0.6-0.8 J/cm∼ by studying the ultra-shallow p+-junction boron profiles measured by the secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) versus the laser fluence and the pulse number. Heat and mass transfer are studied at the nanosecond time scale and the nanometer length scale. The 1D numerical analysis agrees reasonably with the experiment, within the available physical picture. Possible mechanisms such as boron diffusivity dependence on the dopant concentration in the molten silicon are proposed.
Heart Rate as a Therapeutic Target in Angina Pectoris (2013)

Heart rate is a major determinant of cardiac output and myocardial oxygen utilization and is increasingly being nominated as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite this evidence, screening strategies for preventing cardiovascular diseases do not include routine assessment of resting heart rate. Reasonably, heart rate reduction has been suggested as a useful approach against angina pectoris in subjects with acute or chronic coronary syndromes. Accordingly, reduction of heart rate in patients with stable angina could be an additional goal of therapy. Important data have shown retrospectively the beneficial effect of heart rate-lowering drugs, such as betaadrenoceptor antagonists, non-dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists, as well as other agents, on several parameters in patients with coronary artery disease and stable angina. However, additional data are now being sought to assess the impact of this approach on clinical practice.
Wireless Positioning System Architecture for Terrestrial Broadcast-Broadband-Convergent Networks (2021)

This paper proposes a wireless positioning system that exploits dual-connectivity in broadcast-broadband convergence (BcBbC) networks. An architectural idea is introduced to obtain range information in single frequency television networks. The presented system is carefully designed to comply with normative Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 systems, so that it eases the realization of wireless positioning in practice. Emphasizing the proposed system's viability, possible applications and use cases are also introduced in the sequel.
A Framework for Representing Knowledge (1997)

Abstract : A partial theory is presented of thinking, combining a number of classical and modern concepts from psychology, linguistics, and AI. In a new situation one selects from memory a structure called a frame: a remembered framework to be adapted to fit reality by changing details as necessary, and a data-structure for representing a stereotyped situation. Attached to each frame are several kinds of information -- how to use the frame, what one can expect to happen next, and what to do if these expectations are not confirmed. The report discusses collections of related frames that are linked together into frame-systems.
Interaction of Recombinant Gallus gallus SEPT5 and Brain Proteins of H5N1-Avian Influenza Virus-Infected Chickens (2017)

Septin forms a conserved family of cytoskeletal guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding proteins that have diverse roles in protein scaffolding, vesicle trafficking, and cytokinesis. The involvement of septins in infectious viral disease pathogenesis has been demonstrated by the upregulation of SEPT5 protein and its mRNA in brain tissues of H5N1-infected chickens, thus, providing evidence for the potential importance of this protein in the pathogenesis of neurovirulence caused by the avian influenza virus. In this study, cloning, expression, and purification of <i>Gallus gallus</i> SEPT5 protein was performed in <i>Escherichia coli.</i> The <i>SEPT5</i> gene was inserted into the pRSETB expression vector, transformed in the <i>E. coli</i> BL21 (DE3) strain and the expression of SEPT5 protein was induced by IPTG. The SEPT5 protein was shown to be authentic as it was able to be pulled down by a commercial anti-SEPT5 antibody in a co-immunoprecipitation assay. In vivo aggregation of the recombinant protein was limited by cultivation at a reduced temperature of 16 °C. Using co-immunoprecipitation techniques, the purified recombinant SEPT5 protein was used to pull down host's interacting or binding proteins, i.e., proteins of brains of chickens infected with the H5N1 influenza virus. Interacting proteins, such as CRMP2, tubulin proteins, heat-shock proteins and other classes of septins were identified using LCMS/MS. Results from this study suggest that the codon-optimized SEPT5 gene can be efficiently expressed in the <i>E. coli</i> bacterial system producing authentic SEPT5 protein, thus, enabling multiple host's proteins to interact with the SEPT5 protein.
Ease and comfort of pre‐oxygenation with high‐flow nasal oxygen cannulae vs. facemask: a randomised controlled trial (2022)

The Difficult Airway Society recommends that all patients should be pre-oxygenated before the induction of general anaesthesia, but this may not always be easy or comfortable and anaesthesia may often be induced without full pre-oxygenation. We tested the hypothesis that high-flow nasal oxygen cannulae would be easier and more comfortable than facemasks for pre-oxygenation. We randomly allocated 199 patients undergoing elective surgery aged ≥ 10 years to pre-oxygenation using either high-flow nasal oxygen or facemask. Ease and comfort were assessed by anaesthetists and patients on 10-cm visual analogue scale and six-point smiley face scale, respectively. Secondary endpoints included end-tidal oxygen fraction after securing a definitive airway and time to secure an airway. A mean difference (95%CI) between groups in ratings of -0.76 (-1.25 to -0.27) cm for ease of use (p = 0.003) and -0.45 (-0.75 to -0.13) points for comfort (p = 0.006), both favoured high-flow nasal oxygen. A mean difference (95%CI) between groups in end-tidal oxygen fraction of 3.89% (2.41-5.37%) after securing a definitive airway also favoured high-flow nasal oxygen (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between groups in the number of patients with hypoxaemia (S<sub>p</sub> O<sub>2</sub> < 90%) or severe hypoxaemia (S<sub>p</sub> O<sub>2</sub> < 85%) lasting ≥ 1 min or ≥ 2 min; in the proportion of patients with an end-tidal oxygen fraction < 87% in the first 5 min after tracheal intubation (52.2% vs. 58.9% in facemask and high-flow nasal oxygen groups, respectively; p = 0.31); or in time taken to secure an airway (11.6 vs. 12.2 min in facemask and high-flow nasal oxygen groups, respectively; p = 0.65). In conclusion, we found pre-oxygenation with high-flow nasal oxygen to be easier for anaesthetists and more comfortable for patients than pre-oxygenation with a facemask, with no clinically relevant differences in end-tidal oxygen fraction after securing a definitive airway or time to secure an airway. The differences in ease and comfort were modest.
Optimale Führung von Endoskopen mit redundanter Kinematik (Optimal Endoscopic Guidance for Systems with Redundant Kinematics) (2001)

Bei minimal invasiven Operationen orientiert sich der Chirurg an einem Monitorbild. Ein Endoskop mit Kamera und die zur Operation benötigten Instrumente werden durch Röhren (Trokare) in den Körper des Patienten (z.B. Bauchraum) eingeführt. Zur Entlastung des Operationsteams soll das Nachführen (Tracking) des Endoskops, das durch ein Endoskopführungssystem getragen wird, zukünftig nicht manuell, sondern automatisch erfolgen. Das Endoskopführungssystem ist dabei ein spezielles kinematisches System, dessen Achsen durch Motoren bewegt werden. Für das automatische Tracking wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, das auf Basis der Optimierung einer vorgegebenen Gütefunktion arbeitet. Durch die Gütefunktion lassen sich ein gewünschtes Bahnverhalten der zu verfolgenden Objekte auf dem Bildschirm beim Ausregelvorgang sowie die Minimierung des dazu notwendigen Stellaufwands fordern. Das angewandte Optimierungsverfahren berücksichtigt dabei die einzuhaltenden Restriktionen, die aus den maximalen Achsgeschwindigkeiten und den Endlagen der Gelenke des Endoskopführungssystems resultieren.
Zinc-finger nickase-mediated insertion of the lysostaphin gene into the beta-casein locus in cloned cows (2013)

Zinc-finger nickases (ZFNickases) are a type of programmable nuclease that can be engineered from zinc-finger nucleases to induce site-specific single-strand breaks or nicks in genomic DNA, which result in homology-directed repair. Although zinc-finger nuclease-mediated gene disruption has been demonstrated in pigs and cattle, they have not been used to target gene addition into an endogenous gene locus in any large domestic species. Here we show in bovine fetal fibroblasts that targeting ZFNickases to the endogenous β-casein (CSN2) locus stimulates lysostaphin gene addition by homology-directed repair. We find that ZFNickase-treated cells can be successfully used in somatic cell nuclear transfer, resulting in live-born gene-targeted cows. Furthermore, the gene-targeted cows secrete lysostaphin in their milk and in vitro assays demonstrate the milk's ability to kill Staphylococcus aureus. Our success with this strategy will facilitate new transgenic technologies beneficial to both agriculture and biomedicine.
Benef its of innovation in orthognathic surgery for OSA (2019)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common, multifactorial disease resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Gold standard treatment is nocturnal positive airway pressure. Maxillomandibular advancement is a surgical technique used to treat obstructive sleep apnea. Development of guided surgery has modified patient care in cases of maxillomandibular dysgnathia. Two case reports illustrate the impact of new technologies on surgical treatment of this condition. New technologies such as the recent development of surgical guides help surgical management.
Is Migraine Headache Associated With Concussion in Athletes? A Case–Control Study (2016)

These results suggest that there is an association between migraine headache and concussion in athletes, but the cause-effect nature of this relationship cannot be determined. Migraine headache should be considered a modifying factor when caring for concussed athletes.
Identification of a mouse ghrelin gene transcript that contains intron 2 and is regulated in the pituitary and hypothalamus in response to metabolic stress (2007)

The mouse ghrelin gene contains 5 exons (Ex), with Ex2-Ex5 encoding a 117 amino acid preproprotein that is processed to yield a 28 amino acid mature peptide. The current study examined if pituitary (PIT) and hypothalamus (HPT) ghrelin expression is up-regulated in response to fasting and down-regulated in obesity, as previously reported in the stomach. In the process of establishing a quantitative real-time RT-PCR system to accurately assess the changes in PIT and HPT ghrelin mRNA levels, we observed that primer sets located in Ex2 and Ex3 amplified a ghrelin transcript that contained the entire intron 2 (In2). Size and sequence analysis of RT-PCR products using multiple primer sets located throughout the ghrelin gene suggested that the In2-ghrelin variant contains Ex2 and Ex3, but lacks Ex1, Ex4, and Ex5. In2-ghrelin variant mRNA was not detected in stomach extracts, while expression levels were 10- and 50-fold greater than that of the native ghrelin transcript in the PIT and HPT respectively. In2-ghrelin variant mRNA levels increased in the PIT after 24 h fasting and decreased in the HPT and PIT of diet-induced obese mice. These changes may be due to the changes in circulating insulin or IGF-I, since both decreased In2-ghrelin variant expression in a mouse HPT cell line (N6) and in primary mouse PIT cell cultures. The fact that In2-ghrelin variant mRNA levels are dependent on energy intake in the PIT and HPT suggests that this transcript may encode a peptide important in coordinating the neuroendocrine response to metabolic stress.
P1‐199: Alzheimer's disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy: An overlapping pathological picture? (2010)

The link between traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been well established. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) can mimic AD both clinically and pathologically. Intraneuronal accumulation of abnormal tau is characteristic of both of these diseases. However, recent investigations have demonstrated a distribution of tau that is unique to CTE (McKee, 2009). This pattern includes abnormal tau deposits in the medulla, a finding that is not typical of AD. The purpose of this study was to screen for the presence of CTE in individuals previously diagnosed with AD pathology. 28 cases were identified from the Mount Sinai Brain Bank as having both a clinical history of head trauma and a pathological diagnosis of definite AD (CERAD criteria). 4-6 micron sections were cut from paraffin-embedded blocks of the medulla and a monoclonal antibody raised against abnormal tau (AT-8) was used to stain each case. 15 of the 28 cases showed positive immunostaining for tau in the medulla. This included both intraneuronal staining in the form of neurofibrillary tangles as well as astrocytic tangles. Tau-immunoreactive neurites were also seen in these cases, with a peripheral distribution observed in 12 out of the 15 positive cases. Further investigation of the pattern of tau pathology in the insular cortex, piriform cortex, and mammillary bodies is currently underway in the cases with involvement of the medulla. In the setting of a clinical history of head trauma, many cases that are assigned a pathological diagnosis of AD show evidence of involvement of tau in the medulla and may actually represent CTE as an alternate or additional diagnosis.