gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraction of teniae coli from CT volumes for assisting virtual colonoscopy (2008)

This paper proposes a method for extracting teniae coli from abdominal CT volumes. In CT colonography, two types of CT volumes are taken in prone- and supine-positions. These images are used for preventing misdiagnosis caused by fluid stool. However, since the shape of the colon easily changes, it is difficult to find correspondences between such two volumes. Radiologists need to carefully read both prone- and supine-position volumes. This imposes heavy loads on radiologists who need to CT volumes for CT colonography. Development of a method for registering prone- and supine-position volumes to assist diagnostic process is strongly expected to be developed for reduction of radiologists' load. This paper shows a fully automated method to extract teniae coli regions, which are one of promising land marks of the colon, from CT volumes. Teniae coli region information would be useful for registering CT volumes taken in prone- and supine-positions. Since teniae coli are observed as sequences of ridge-breaks traversing haustral folds, they can be extracted by analyzing positions of the haustral folds. First, we extract haustral folds regions based on curvatures on the colonic wall. Three-lines passing through gravity centers of haustral folds are computed. Teniae coli regions are extracted as lines running between these three lines. We applied the proposed method to eight cases of colonic CT volumes. The experimental results showed that the proposed method was able to extract teniae coli satisfactorily for cases where haustral folds were extracted correctly.
Antitumor activity of sorafenib-incorporated nanoparticles of dextran/poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) block copolymer (2012)

Sorafenib-incoporated nanoparticles were prepared using a block copolymer that is composed of dextran and poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) [DexbLG] for antitumor drug delivery. Sorafenib-incorporated nanoparticles were prepared by a nanoprecipitation-dialysis method. Sorafenib-incorporated DexbLG nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in an aqueous solution regardless of the content of sorafenib. Transmission electron microscopy of the sorafenib-incorporated DexbLG nanoparticles revealed a spherical shape with a diameter < 300 nm. Sorafenib-incorporated DexbLG nanoparticles at a polymer/drug weight ratio of 40:5 showed a relatively uniform size and morphology. Higher initial drug feeding was associated with increased drug content in nanoparticles and in nanoparticle size. A drug release study revealed a decreased drug release rate with increasing drug content. In an in vitro anti-proliferation assay using human cholangiocarcinoma cells, sorafenib-incorporated DexbLG nanoparticles showed a similar antitumor activity as sorafenib. Sorafenib-incorporated DexbLG nanoparticles are promising candidates as vehicles for antitumor drug targeting.
A study of exception handling and its dynamic optimization in Java (2001)

Optimizing exception handling is critical for programs that frequently throw exceptions. We observed that there are many such exception-intensive programs iin various categories of Java programs. There are two commonly used exception handling techniques, stack unwinding optimizes the normal path, while stack cutting optimizes the exception handling path. However, there has been no single exception handling technique to optimize both paths.
2A2-R06 Development of the operation interface for neurosurgery(Surgical Robotics and Mechatronics (1)) (2012)

In this paper, a surgical master console of the neurosurgical robotic surgery is presented. The most advantageous feature of the developed master console is that the console can be installed at surgical bedside, and operated by a surgeon in wearing surgical gloves. Therefore, the surgeon can easily convert between the conventional and robotic surgery. In addition, the developed master manipulator is compatible with motion input of conventional brain tumor surgery, to provide an intuitive interface.
Acoustic properties of plates with unevenly distributed macro perforations backed by woven meshes (2012)

A hybrid model describing the acoustic properties of plates with macro-perforations that can be unevenly distributed on the plate surface and backed by woven or precision woven meshes with microscopic perforations is proposed. The plate perforations may be of circular or rectangular shapes. Since the perforated plate may not necessarily be considered as an equivalent fluid, its surface impedance is calculated by the Maa model [Noise Control Eng. J. 29, 77-84 (1987)], whereas the Johnson-Champoux-Allard model [J. Appl. Phys. 70, 1975-1979 (1991)] is used for the mesh. It is observed that the absorption of the carrying plate seems to depend on the hydraulic diameter of the perforations and not on their distribution on the plate surface. For the meshes considered as porous materials in the rigid frame approximation, the viscous and thermal characteristic lengths are studied. A simple model for the elementary cell of the mesh structure is proposed in order to calculate a parameter that can be considered as the thermal length. It is shown that for rectangular perforations, this thermal length can be smaller than the length considered as the viscous length. This parameter influences the bulk modulus of the saturating fluid at high frequencies. An effective air-flow resistivity is introduced to account for the increase of particle flow velocity through the mesh placed behind the carrying macroperforated plate. This effective resistivity is used in the transfer matrix approach to obtain the impedance of the whole multilayer system. This hybrid model that uses the Maa model for the carrying macroperforated plate and the JCA model for the microperforated mesh in the transfer matrix context seems to represent a good approach. The theoretical predictions are compared with experimental measurements.
Graph-based Semi-supervised Learning: Realizing Pointwise Smoothness Probabilistically (2014)

As the central notion in semi-supervised learning, smoothness is often realized on a graph representation of the data. In this paper, we study two complementary dimensions of smoothness: its pointwise nature and probabilistic modeling. While no existing graph-based work exploits them in conjunction, we encompass both in a novel framework of Probabilistic Graph-based Pointwise Smoothness (PGP), building upon two foundational models of data closeness and label coupling. This new form of smoothness axiomatizes a set of probability constraints, which ultimately enables class prediction. Theoretically, we provide an error and robustness analysis of PGP. Empirically, we conduct extensive experiments to show the advantages of PGP.
Elastic wave scattering by a surface-breaking or subsurface planar crack (1984)

A boundary integral representation of the displacement field is developed and solved for the crack-opening displacement by expressing the latter on the crack surface as an expansion in localized functions, whose parametrization is determined by fitting exactly-known cross sections. Numerical results are presented for scattering of antiplane (SH) waves as a function of frequency from surface-breaking and buried 2D cracks for a variety of crack inclinations and burial depths. The theory and the method apply to the 3D case. Its numerical implementation will be straightforward but tedious.
Cyclic Low-Density MDS Array Codes (2006)

We construct two infinite families of low density MDS array codes which are also cyclic. One of these families includes the first such sub-family with redundancy parameter r > 2. The two constructions have different algebraic formulations, though they both have the same indirect structure. First MDS codes that are not cyclic are constructed and then by applying a certain mapping to their parity check matrices, non-equivalent cyclic codes with the same distance and density properties are obtained. Using the same proof techniques, a third infinite family of quasi-cyclic codes can be constructed
A catalogue of the families Stenogastridae and Vespidae from the Indian subregion (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) (1983)

Abstract Members of the families Stenogastridae and Vespidae belong to the Vespiformis Group of the superfamily Vespoidea. There is no recent catalog or even a check-list of species of these families covering the Indian subregion. The only available reference is “The Fauna of British India” Vol. I, by C.T. Bingham (1897), where the family Vespidae also included the members of the family Stenogastridae (as recognized here) under the genus Ischnogaster Guérin (now known as Sternogaster Guérin. Bingham treated 7 genera comprising 47 species. Dalla Torre (1904) largely followed Bingham's classification and included 51 species in 7 genera from the Indian subregion. Aiyar (1916) in his catalogue of wasps and bees (Fossores, Diploptera and Anthophila) of the Indian Region since 1897, included 47 species in 4 genera and also followed Bingham's classification. Liu (1936–37), in his catalogue of the Vespidae of China recorded 21 valid species under 5 genera from India and the neighboring countries. In the present catalogue, which covers the Indian subregion, the family Vespidae is divided into two subfamilies, and includes 83 species under 9 genera, and the family Stenogastridae includes 6 species under 3 genera.
Revised Indications for the Use of Palivizumab and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immune Globulin Intravenous for the Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections (2003)

Palivizumab and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immune Globulin Intravenous (RSV-IGIV) are licensed by the Food and Drug Administration for use in preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in high-risk infants, children younger than 24 months with chronic lung disease (formerly called bronchopulmonary dysplasia), and certain preterm infants. This report summarizes the clinical trial information on which the guidance in the accompanying policy statement for administering RSV prophylaxis to certain children with a history of preterm birth, chronic lung disease, or congenital heart disease is based. On the basis of results of a recently completed clinical trial, palivizumab is appropriate for infants and young children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. RSV-IGIV should not be used in children with hemodynamically significant heart disease. Palivizumab is preferred for most high-risk infants and children because of ease of intramuscular administration. Monthly administration of palivizumab during the RSV season results in a 45% to 55% decrease in the rate of hospitalization attributable to RSV. Because of the large number of infants born after 32 to 35 weeks' gestation and because of the high cost, immunoprophylaxis should be considered for this category of preterm infants only if 2 or more risk factors are present.
Potential ultra wide slow-light bandwidth enhancement (2006)

We describe a method which has the potential to enhance the bandwidth of Brillouin based slow-light delay lines drastically. It is based on the overcompensation of the anti Stokes loss spectrum by additional pump sources. With this method it might be possible to overcome the bandwidth limit of Brillouin scattering which for one pump wave is given by two times the natural Brillouin shift in the incorporated waveguide. We will show experimentally that pulses can be delayed in the overcompensated loss spectrum.
Fault Adaptive Routing in Metasurface Controller Networks (2018)

HyperSurfaces are a merge of structurally reconfigurable metasurfaces whose electromagnetic properties can be changed via a software interface, using an embedded miniaturized network of controllers, thus enabling novel capabilities in wireless communications. Resource constraints associated with the development of a hardware testbed of this breakthrough technology necessitate network controller architectures different from traditional regular Network-on-Chip architectures. The Manhattan-like topology chosen to realize the controller network in the testbed under development is irregular, with restricted local path selection options, operating in an asynchronous fashion. These characteristics render traditional fault-tolerant routing mechanisms inadequate. In this paper, we present work in progress towards the development of fault-tolerant routing mechanisms for the chosen architecture. We present two XY-based approaches which have been developed aiming to offer reliable data delivery in the presence of faults. The first approach aims to avoid loops while the second one attempts to maximize the success delivery probabilities. Their effectiveness is demonstrated via simulations conducted on a custom developed simulator.
The Effect of Oral Care on Intracranial Pressure in Critically Ill Adults (2014)

A major goal in the care of patients with neurological problems is to prevent or minimize episodes of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Elevations in ICP in response to nursing interventions have been acknowledged since the 1960s when ICP monitoring was first introduced in the clinical setting. Until recently, few studies have specifically examined the effect of oral care on ICP, and oral care and other hygiene measures were combined or not specified, prohibiting a direct interpretation of the influence of oral care alone on ICP. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between routine oral care interventions and the changes in ICP specifically focusing on the effect of intensity and duration of this intervention. Twenty-three patients with a clinical condition requiring ICP monitoring were enrolled over a 12-month period. Oral care provided by neuroscience intensive care nurses was observed and videotaped. Characteristics of the intervention were documented including products used, patient positioning, and duration of the intervention. A 1-5 subjective scale was used to score intensity of oral care. Wrist actigraphy data were collected from the nurses to provide an objective measure of intensity. Patient physiologic data were collected at 12-second epochs 5 minutes before, during, and 5 minutes after oral care. The mixed-effect repeated measures analysis of variance model indicated that there was a statistically significant increase in ICP in response to oral care (p = .0031). There was, however, no clinically significant effect on ICP. This study provides evidence that oral care is safe to perform in patients in the absence of preexisting elevated ICP.
Efficient decoding of prefix codes (1990)

A special case of the data compression problem is presented, in which a powerful encoder transmits a coded file to a decoder that has severely constrained memory. A data structure that achieves minimum storage is presented, and alternative methods that sacrifice a small amount of storage to attain faster decoding are described.
Secretomes: The fungal strike force (2012)

Microorganisms, although being very diverse because they comprise prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria or eukaryotic organisms such as fungi, all share an essential exodigester function. The consequence is their essential need to have a secretome adapted to their environment. The selection pressure exerted by environmental constraints led to the emergence of species with varying complexity in terms of composition of their secretomes. This review on fungal secretomes highlights the extraordinary variability among these organisms, even within the same species, and hence the absolute necessity to fully characterize all their components in the aims of understanding the fundamental mechanisms responsible for secretome plasticity and developing applications notably toward a better control of diseases caused by these pathogens.
Decreased Neointimal Thickening After Arterial Wall Injury in Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Knockout Mice (1999)

Mechanical injury in vivo results in the expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the role of iNOS in modulating neointima formation after arterial wall injury is not clear. To determine whether the induction of iNOS gene expression promotes or attenuates the neointimal response to injury, we used a murine model of perivascular injury induced by placing a periadventitial collar around the carotid arteries in both wild-type and iNOS knockout mice (iNOS-KO mice). Periadventitial injury induced iNOS expression in the wild-type but not the iNOS-KO mice. Neointimal area and the intima/media ratio were significantly less in the iNOS-KO mice compared with the wild-type mice at 21 days. Injury-induced proliferation of medial cells and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression were also attenuated in iNOS-KO mice compared with wild-type mice. The induction of iNOS and the activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated pathway were also demonstrated in an in vitro injury model. We conclude that mechanical injury in vivo and in vitro induces iNOS expression and that lack of iNOS expression attenuates neointima formation after perivascular arterial injury. Taken together, these findings suggest that iNOS expression after vascular injury may promote neointima formation.
The Dye-Photo Tool: Its Operation and Applications (1954)

Description of Tool The need for an economical, practical method for accurately locating zones of water entry in a wellbore has long been recognized by production men. The development of waterflooding made necessary a means of determining which horizons were being flooded, and the rate of flooding of each zone during actual operations. Research resulted in the Dye-Photo tool shown in Fig. 1. The tool is designed to measure the translucency of any liquid in which it may be suspended. As fluid passes between a light source and a photo-electric cell. its light transmissive properties are measured. This data is transmitted to the surface where it is recorded (Fig. 2). By conditioning the fluid in the wellbore with an opaque dye, any fluid migration or dilution can be detected readily. The Dye-Photo tool has three major components:a bailer for containing and releasing the dye,a photo-electric cell which accurately measures any change in light intensity in the conditioned section, anda sonic collar locator for coordinating depth measurements. The tool is operated by electrical impulses transmitted from the surface through the standard 5/16-in. diameter single-conductor electrical armored cable. The consolidation of these three components into single tool has greatly reduced the time, and resulting expense, required for conducting a survey. Simplicity of operations and easily interpreted results are characteristics of surveying with the Dye-Photo tool. Accuracy of results has been attested by the success of subsequent remedial operations. Preparing for Survey Certain fundamental preparations should be made for conducting a water location survey using the Dye-Photo tool:Water must be standing in the wellbore, at lease throughout the section to be surveyed.If water has been injected into the formation recently, the well should be produced in sufficient quantity to eliminate the possibility of injected water being produced during the survey from a normally non-producing zone.The well should be cleaned out to total depth. All cavings should be bailed or sand-pumped.For a pumping well with tubing and rods pulled, some method of producing the well (usually either a bailer or swab) must be available.If the well is to be surveyed down the annulus, a special wellhead should be installed to minimize the hazards of running a line down the annulus. The clearance between tubing couplings and casing must be sufficient to allow the free passage of the tool.Flowing wells should be equipped with open-ended tubing, suspended above the zone to be surveyed. (The Dye-Photo tool will pass through a standard 1-25/32-in. seating nipple).If a well containing a packer is to be surveyed down tubing, the opening through the packer must be sufficiently large to allow passage of the tool.A mast of some description must be available to handle the "derrick" sheave.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and stimulation of systemic vasopressin secretion by recombinant interleukin-6 in humans: potential implications for the syndrome of inappropriate vasopressin secretion. (1994)

We recently demonstrated that sc administered interleukin-6 (IL-6) strongly stimulates the human hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, with mild toxicity and no hypotensive effects. In this study, we evaluated the response of the human HPA axis to escalating iv doses of recombinant IL-6 in six patients with cancer and good performance status who received daily, every 8 h, three equal doses of 0.3-30 micrograms/kg IL-6. The plasma levels of IL-6 assayed by a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay during the 4 h following the first IL-6 injection were elevated for 2-4 h, proportionally to the amount of injected IL-6. Administration of the cytokine was followed by marked elevations of plasma ACTH (53.0-98.6 pmol/L) and cortisol (824.9-1729.9 nmol/L) independently of the IL-6 dose administered, suggesting that the doses employed were at the top of the dose-response curve for these hormones. Interestingly, plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels were also elevated during the 2 h after IL-6 injection in all patients who received a dose of 3 micrograms/kg or more, suggesting that IL-6 activated the magnocellular AVP-secreting neurons and that it might be involved in the syndrome of inappropriate AVP secretion. Cortisol elevations with peaks similar to those observed after the first injection of IL-6 were also detected in plasma sampled every 2 h after the second and third injections, suggesting that there was no rapid tachyphylaxis in response to IL-6 administration. Plasma IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations, assayed by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays during the 4 h after the first IL-6 injection, were either within the normal range or undetectable, confirming in vitro observations that IL-6 does not stimulate IL-1 beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion and suggesting that it exerts its effect on the HPA axis and AVP secretion independently of them. We conclude that IL-6 is a potent stimulator of the human HPA axis and a secretagogue of magnocellular AVP secretion, which might be employed as a challenge test of the axis and the magnocellular AVP neuron.
Consistent, durable, and safe memory management for byte-addressable non volatile main memory (2013)

This paper presents three building blocks for enabling the efficient and safe design of persistent data stores for emerging non-volatile memory technologies. Taking the fullest advantage of the low latency and high bandwidths of emerging memories such as phase change memory (PCM), spin torque, and memristor necessitates a serious look at placing these persistent storage technologies on the main memory bus. Doing so, however, introduces critical challenges of not sacrificing the data reliability and consistency that users demand from storage. This paper introduces techniques for (1) robust wear-aware memory allocation, (2) preventing of erroneous writes, and (3) consistency-preserving updates that are cache-efficient. We show through our evaluation that these techniques are efficiently implementable and effective by demonstrating a B+-tree implementation modified to make full use of our toolkit.