gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phased-Based Speech Processing (2005)

The performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems degrades significantly in adverse environments due to ambient noise and reverberation. This problem becomes even greater in hands-free speech applications, where the microphones can be placed far away from the speaker of interest. Environmental robustness has become a major barrier that prevents ASR from a wide range of applications such as voice recognition in a car and voice controlled hand-held devices. 
In this research, the importance of phase in robust speech recognition is explored. First, the effect of phase uncertainty on the recognition accuracy of human listeners is investigated. The goal is to get a quantitative measure on the importance of phase. The results show that the importance of phase varies with SNR (signal-to-noise ratio). At low SNR conditions, phase can have a significant impact on speech recognition accuracy. Next, motivated by the importance of phase in multi-microphone signal processing, a phase-based dual-microphone noise masking approach is proposed for speech enhancement. By utilizing the time delay of the speech source of interest to the two microphones and the actual phases of the signals recorded by both microphones, the algorithm filters the noise signal in the short-time Fourier transform domain. By doing so, the noise components are distorted beyond recognition and the speech recognition accuracy is improved. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through performance comparison with alternative techniques. Lastly, an automatic parameter estimation technique is developed to further optimize its performance. The parameter of the phase-based dual-microphone filter is adjusted in run-time automatically by performing likelihood calculations of the enhanced speech features using a prior speech model. Speech recognition tests show that this adaptive approach not only achieves better recognition accuracy, but also improves the filter's robustness when time delay estimates are inaccurate.
Identification of distinctive clinical significance in hospitalized patients with endoscopic duodenal mucosal lesions (2017)

Secondary duodenal mucosal lesions with different pathophysiology, such as IBD or CMV infection, are rare. Disease extent and age seems the most distinctive feature of secondary duodenal mucosal lesions.
Regioselectivity in electrophilic addition to a 3-oxaplatina(II)cyclobutane complex. Metallacycle ring-opening reactions and synthesis of a platinum(IV) 3-oxametallacyclobutane complex (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselectivity in electrophilic addition to a 3-oxaplatina(II)cyclobutane complex. Metallacycle ring-opening reactions and synthesis of a platinum(IV) 3-oxametallacyclobutane complexJames F. Hoover and Jeffrey M. StrykerCite this: Organometallics 1989, 8, 12, 2973–2975Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00114a040https://doi.org/10.1021/om00114a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Galactokinase: Evidence for a New Racial Polymorphism (1972)

Activities of galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase in red cells were assayed in a mixed racial population of 645 pregnant women. The distribution of individual transferase activities for black subjects was the same as that for whites. In contrast, the distributions of individual galactokinase activities differed significantly in blacks and whites, the mean for the black population being 30 percent lower than the mean for the white population. The same racial difference was found when red cell galactokinase activity was examined in males and in newborns. Because low-, intermediate-, and high-galactokinase activities appear to segregate within several black families, this observed difference suggests a new, racially determined enzyme polymorphism.
B2B integration over the Internet with XML (2004)

The practical experience of RosettaNet in using Web technologies for B2B integration illustrates the transformative power of Web technologies and also highlights challenges for the future. This paper provides an overview of RosettaNet technical standards and discusses the lessons learned from the standardization efforts, in particular, what works and what doesn't. This paper also describes the effort to increase automation of B2B software integration, and thereby to reduce cost.
Enabling MAC protocol implementations on software-defined radios (2009)

Over the past few years a range of new Media Access Control (MAC) protocols have been proposed for wireless networks. This research has been driven by the observation that a single one-size-fits-all MAC protocol cannot meet the needs of diverse wireless deployments and applications. Unfortunately, most MAC functionality has traditionally been implemented on the wireless card for performance reasons, thus, limiting the opportunities for MAC customization. Software-defined radios (SDRs) promise unprecedented flexibility, but their architecture has proven to be a challenge for MAC protocols. In this paper, we identify a minimum set of core MAC functions that must be implemented close to the radio in a high-latency SDR architecture to enable high performance and efficient MAC implementations. These functions include: precise scheduling in time, carrier sense, backoff, dependent packets, packet recognition, fine-grained radio control, and access to physical layer information. While we focus on an architecture where the bus latency exceeds common MAC interaction times (tens to hundreds of microseconds), other SDR architectures with lower latencies can also benefit from implementing a subset of these functions closer to the radio. We also define an API applicable to all SDR architectures that allows the host to control these functions, providing the necessary flexibility to implement a diverse range of MAC protocols. We show the effectiveness of our splitfunctionality approach through an implementation on the GNU Radio and USRP platforms. Our evaluation based on microbenchmarks and end-to-end network measurements, shows that our design can simultaneously achieve high flexibility and high performance. 1
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A CD-ON-DEMAND SYSTEM (2001)

The design and implementation of a CD on demand system is discussed in this paper this system can support mp3 audio stkeams realtime transmission and playing, and a new flow control algorithm is proposed.
Repeated biopsies in patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance: clinical implications of interobserver variation in histopathological assessment (2014)

Kappa statistics showed strong agreement between the histological evaluations. However, up to 10% of patients on AS would receive a different treatment recommendation depending upon which histopathological evaluation of re-biopsies was used for treatment planning.
Signal processing to improve speech intelligibility in perceptive deafness (1973)

A deaf person with recruitment perceives sound as though listening through a volume expander followed by an attenuator, the expansion ratio and attenuation being typically frequency dependent. (Other perceptive aberrations may also be present, of course.) The subject is often prevented from using enough hearing-aid gain to bring weak consonants into the useful dynamic range of his hearing, because this amount of gain would make lower-frequency, high-amplitude vowels intolerably loud. Such subjects commonly find amplified speech to have poor intelligibility. In a preliminary experiment it is established that recruitment in normal subjects, induced by masking or simulated by expansion of the signal, reduces the intelligibility of amplified speech severely, and that this intelligibility can be largely restored by signal processing. The implication is that recruitment in deaf subjects is a sufficient cause for loss of intelligibility, whether or not there are other causes. In the present experiments, speech is processed by a two-channel amplitude compressor whose frequency-dependent compression ratio is adjusted to compensate the recruitment of the individual subject, and the compressed speech is subjected to frequency-selective amplification similarly adapted to the subject. The aim is to amplify each acoustical element of speech, at each frequency-amplitude coordinate of the speech band, to a relative loudness for the deaf subject corresponding to the relative loudness of that speech element perceived by normals. This processing improved speech recognition, both in quiet and in the presence of competing speech introduced before processing, for six perceptively deaf subjects. Subjects showed an improvement in either initial- or terminal-consonant recognition of at least 22% and as much as 160% at optimum levels in quiet, and from 10% to 229% with speech interference 10 dB below the pre-processed signal.
The effect of previous dietary intake of calcium on calcium absorption in rats (1972)

1. The effects are described of the calcium content of diets with a calcium: phosphate ratio of 1 fed to rats during the preceding 6 weeks on aspects of calcium and phosphate metabolism during the seventh week. The apparent absorption of calcium and phosphate, the urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate, the amounts of calcium and phosphate in the carcass and the fasting serum calcium were studied.2. Apparent absorption of calcium and phosphate decreases the longer an animal is on a high calcium diet and the more calcium there is in that diet. Under the same conditions urinary excretion of calcium is increased while urinary excretion of phosphate remains constant.3. The percentage of calcium and phosphate in the carcass is greater the longer an animal is on a high calcium diet and the more calcium there is in the diet, but dietary changes do not affect the serum calcium.4. Apparent absorption of calcium is not correlated with serum calcium but is significantly correlated with percent carcass calcium.5. A distinction is drawn between the effect of the diet currently being consumed (kinetic effect) and the effect of the diet consumed previously (adaptation).6. Changes in apparent absorption of calcium have a greater effect on calcium retention than on changes in urinary excretion.7. The mechanism bringing about the changes in absorption is discussed and it is concluded that serum calcium is unlikely to be the monitored parameter which detects the need for greater absorption; parathyroid hormone is probably not involved.
Permanent Neonatal Diabetes in a Patient with a KCNJ11/Q52R Mutation Accompanied by Intermittent Hypoglycemia and Liver Failure (2009)

The most common monogenic cause of neonatal diabetes is mutation in KCNJ11, which encodes a potassium channel in pancreatic beta cells. Some mutations in this gene, including Q52R, have been described in association with neurological deficits, but never with hepatic involvement. We report the second case of neonatal diabetes in a patient with a KCNJ11/Q52R mutation. This patient's clinical course did not include obvious neurological deficits despite the presence of prematurity, but did include transient hyperbilirubinemia, and recurrent hypoglycemia. The phenotypic spectrum of KCNJ11 mutations is variable and is likely influenced by additional genetic and environmental factors.
Mechanism of growth promotion of mouse lymphoma L1210 cells in vitro by feeder layer or 2‐mercaptoethanol (1981)

Mouse lymphoma L1210 cells require some thiol compounds (such as 2-mercaptoethanol) or feeder layer cells for their growth in normal culture media in vitro. We found that feeder layer cells (human diploid fibroblast IMR-90) constantly produce thiol compounds; cysteine was the major thiol compound accumulating in the culture medium. In the culture medium of L1210 cells, added cysteine was rapidly oxidized and was toxic to the cells at high concentrations. However, cysteine promoted growth of L1210 cells when it was added repeatedly to the medium at low concentrations. These results show that the major role of feeder layer cells is to provide cysteine continuously. The glutathione content of L1210 cells depended largely on the cysteine concentration in the medium. In normal culture media containing cystine but not cysteine, the cellular glutathione content decreased notably within a few hours. Cysteine had to be supplied repeatedly to keep the content high. Cystine promoted the cellular glutathione content at unphysiologically high concentrations. These results were attributable to the extremely low uptake rate of cystine by the cells as compared with that of cysteine. In the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, the uptake of radioactive cystine by the cells was increased and a high cellular glutathione level was maintained. A thiol-independent variant of L1210 took up cystine far more rapidly than L1210. From these results we concluded that the deficiency of the cystine uptake limits the growth of L1210 cells in normal culture media.
Do cognitive changes of Parkinson's disease result from dopamine depletion? (1995)

Cognitive changes have long been observed in patients with Parkinson's disease: visuo-spatial deficits, memory disorders, dysexecutive syndrome. Given the modulatory role of the basal ganglia and related structures, these deficits might result from more fundamental disorders concerning the allocation of attentional resources, the temporal organization of behavior, the maintenance of representations in working memory or the self-elaboration of internal strategy, all of which resemble dysfunctions of processes that are commonly considered to be controlled by the frontal lobes. This suggests a functional continuity between the basal ganglia and association areas of the prefrontal cortex. The recent description in primates of parallel, segregated loops that interconnect well defined subregions of the basal ganglia to discrete areas of the prefrontal cortex via the thalamus may give some support to this hypothesis.
A Reconfigurable Microstrip Antenna With Radiation Pattern Selectivity and Polarization Diversity (2012)

A novel reconfigurable microstrip antenna with radiation pattern selectivity and polarization diversity is presented in this letter. A four-way power divider made by three Wilkinson power dividers and interconnected with switches (currently copper strips for proof of concept) is designed to feed this antenna. By controlling the states of the switches, the antenna characteristics can be changed into two modes. When the four rectangular radiating patches are excited by four sources with equal amplitude and phase, a metamaterial antenna with conical beam and linear polarization (LP) is achieved, while four sources with equal amplitude but 90 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> phase difference for each adjacent output leads to a wideband antenna with broadside beam and circular polarization (CP). This single-port antenna is useful for terrestrial land-mobile or other wireless applications.
Platelet-Monocyte Aggregate Formation and Mortality Risk in Older Patients With Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock (2014)

Increased PMA formation, and associated proinflammatory monokine synthesis, predicts mortality in older septic patients. Although larger studies are needed, our findings suggest that heightened PMA formation in older septic patients may contribute to injurious inflammatory responses and an increased risk of mortality.
Chemotherapy tolerance and oncologic outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with and without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (2016)

e15162 Background: IBD (Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)) is a risk factor for CRC. Chemotherapy toxicity may exacerbate IBD symptoms and vice versa but data are limited. Methods: Medical records of CRC patients with and without IBD treated between 2008-2013 were reviewed. Where possible, patients were matched by age, sex, stage and diagnosis year. Chemotherapy tolerance and survival outcomes were compared. Results: Treatment characteristics and outcomes of the 158 patients identified are summarized in the table. Both IBD and non-IBD patients received fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, bevacizumab, anti-EGFR agents and regional chemotherapy. Differences in stage-specific 5-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in IBD vs. non-IBD patients were not significant (NS), except for stage IV non-IBD patients who had significantly improved OS. Chemotherapy modifications were increased in IBD vs. non-IBD patients. Patients with histologically active IBD did not require more modifications than patients with inactive IBD. Conclusions: In this series, CRC patients with IBD experienced more treatment modifications (mostly delays) than those without IBD. IBD patients with stage IV CRC had shorter survival than non-IBD patients. These results must be interpreted cautiously given the retrospective nature of this review and relatively small sample size. IBD (N = 80; 25 CD, 55 UC) Non-IBD (N = 78) p- value Median age CRC diagnosis (range) 54 yrs (24-92) 57 yrs (27-93) NS Male/Female 48 (60%)/32 (40%) 47 (60%)/31 (40%) NS Histologically active IBD (yes/no/unknown) 51 (64%)/20 (25%)/9 (11%) CRC stage (I/II/III/IV/ unknown) 29 (36%)/17 (21%)/20 (25%)/ 12 (15%)/2 (3%) 24 (31%)/17 (22%)/24 (31%)/ 12 (15%)/1 (1%) NS Surgery 74 (93%) 75 (96%) NS Radiotherapy 13 (31%) 11 (26%) NS Chemotherapy 43 (70%) 40 (68%) NS 5-yr OS (I/II/III) IV 88%/83%/41% 19% 100%/100%/75% 50% NS 0.017 5-yr RFS (I/II/III) 89%/59%/60% 81%/83%/38% NS Chemotherapy modifications for toxicity N = 43 N = 40 Delay 8 (19%) 4 (10%) Discontinuation 7 (16%) 8 (20%) Hospitalization 6 (14%) 5 (13%) Known modification (yes/no) N = 31 23 (74%)/8 (26%) N = 27 12 (44%)/15 (56%) 0.03
Getting Closer to Absolute Molar Masses of Technical Lignins (2018)

Determination of molecular weight parameters of native and, in particular, technical lignins are based on size exclusion chromatography (SEC) approaches. However, no matter which approach is used, either conventional SEC with a refractive index detector and calibration with standards or multi-angle light scattering (MALS) detection at 488 nm, 633 nm, 658 nm, or 690 nm, all variants can be severely erroneous. The lack of calibration standards with high structural similarity to lignin impairs the quality of the molar masses determined by conventional SEC, and the typical fluorescence of (technical) lignins renders the corresponding MALS data rather questionable. Application of MALS detection at 785 nm by using an infrared laser largely overcomes those problems and allows for a reliable and reproducible determination of the molar mass distributions of all types of lignins, which has been demonstrated in this study for various and structurally different analytes, such as kraft lignins, milled-wood lignin, lignosulfonates, and biorefinery lignins. The topics of calibration, lignin fluorescence, and lignin UV absorption in connection with MALS detection are critically discussed in detail, and a reliable protocol is presented. Correction factors based on MALS measurements have been determined for commercially available calibration standards, such as pullulan and polystyrene sulfonate, so that now more reliable mass data can be obtained also if no MALS system is available and these conventional calibration standards have to be resorted to.
A Region-Line Primitive Association Framework for Object-Based Remote Sensing Image Analysis (2016)

Abstract In this study, we propose a novel region-line primitive association framework (RLPAF) for OBIA. In this framework, segments (region primitive) and straight lines (line primitive) are obtained by image segmentation and straight line detection, respectively, before their corresponding intra-primitive features are extracted. An association model is built on inter-primitive topology and direction relationships. Several region-line collaborative features are also derived. Image analysis is then performed based on both region and line primitives. The advantage of RLPAF is the collaborative utilization of complementary information between regions and lines throughout the entire OBIA process: from image segmentation, to feature extraction, and finally, object recognition. To validate this framework, RLPAF is applied on road network extraction from high spatial resolution (HSR) remote sensing images. Experiments show that the proposed framework and methods refine primitive shape and spatial relationship analyses, as well as obtain higher method accuracy, than OBIAs based on only regions.
The Effect of Toolpath Intersection Angle in Metal Deposition (2009)

The issue of overlapping or intersection in the toolpath is an issue in the metal deposition as the material is continuously added to the previous layer. Using various control schemes can achieve a better quality. However, such schemes fail to delivery satisfactory results when there are different intersection angles in the deposition toolpath. In order to overcome the problem caused by the intersection angle, the effect of them on the deposition should be well studied. This paper discusses the effect of toolpath intersection angle using design of experiment method. The impact of various parameters in the deposition process is studied. The approach and method can be integrated with path planning for a metal deposition process.