gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contrasting functional responses of resident Kupffer cells and recruited liver macrophages to irradiation and liver X receptor stimulation (2021)

In the murine liver, there are two major macrophage populations, namely resident Kupffer cells (resKCs) with phagocytic activity and recruited macrophages (recMφs) with cytokine-producing capacity. This study was performed to clarify the functional differences between these two populations, focusing on their susceptibility to radiation and response to stimulation via liver X receptors (LXRs), which are implicated in cholesterol metabolism and immune regulation. Liver mononuclear cells (MNCs) were obtained from C57BL/6 (WT) mice with or without 2 Gy irradiation, and the phagocytic activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) as well as TNF-α production were compared between the two macrophage populations. To assess LXR functions, phagocytosis, TNF-α production, and endocytosis of acetylated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were compared after synthetic LXR ligand stimulation. Furthermore, LXRα/β knockout (KO) mice and LXRα KO mice were compared with WT mice. Irradiation decreased intracellular TNF-α production by recMφs but did not affect the phagocytic activity of resKCs. In vitro LXR stimulation enhanced E. coli phagocytosis by resKCs but decreased E. coli-stimulated TNF-α production by recMφs. Phagocytic activity and acetylated LDL endocytosis were decreased in both LXRα/β KO mice and LXRα KO mice, with serum TNF-α levels after E. coli injection in the former being higher than those in WT mice. In conclusion, resKCs and recMφs exhibited different functional features in response to radiation and LXR stimulation, highlighting their distinct roles liver immunity and lipid metabolism.
HLA-G polymorphisms and HLA-G expression in sarcoidosis. (2006)

HLA-G alleles that include a 14-bp sequence polymorphism in exon 8 of the HLA-G gene are observed more often in sarcoidosis patients than in controls. The sequence variation may influence HLA-G mRNA stability and influence the expression of soluble isoforms of HLA-G. Only rare and weak expression of HLA-G was observed in granulomas from sarcoidosis patients. More studies are needed to further elucidate the possible role for HLA-G in sarcoidosis.
Gender, genetics, and analgesia: understanding the differences in response to pain relief (2018)

Genetic variations and gender contribute significantly to the large interpatient variations in opioid-related serious adverse effects and differences in pain relief with other analgesics. Opioids are the most commonly used analgesics to relieve moderate-to-severe postoperative pain. Narrow therapeutic index and unexplained large interpatient variations in opioid-related serious adverse effects and analgesia negatively affect optimal perioperative outcomes. In surgical, experimental, chronic, and neuropathic pain models, females have been reported to have more pain than males. This review focuses on literature evidence of differences in pain relief due to multiple genetic variations and gender of the patient.
Endovascular Exclusion of Symptomatic Bilateral Common Iliac Artery Aneurysms With Preservation of an Aneurysmal Internal Iliac Artery Via a Reverse-U Stent-Graft (2006)

Endovascular treatment of bilateral CIA aneurysms and combined with a unilateral IIA aneurysm is a technically demanding procedure. An endovascular repair with retrograde (reverse-U stent-graft) hypogastric artery preservation can be considered a first choice until the use of branched iliac stent-grafts becomes more widespread.
Analysis of dendritic cells in human lymphoid organs (2012)

Dendritic Cells (DCs) are important regulators of immune responses. In our previous studies we found differential antigen presentation capacities of murine DC subpopulations using an in vivo antigen targeting system [1]. In contrast to murine DCs, the functional role of human tissue DCs is largely unknown.
An experimental study on the effect of spacer on concentration polarization in a long channel reverse osmosis membrane cell (2010)

This study was to experimentally investigate the performance and organic fouling behaviour in a 1-m long RO membrane channel with or without spacer for desalting. It was found that local permeate flux distributed heterogeneously along the long membrane channel without a spacer inserted due to exponential growth of concentration polarization, which also resulted in decreasing salt rejection and increasing organic fouling along the membrane channel in the downstream direction. This heterogeneity could be lessened by inserting a spacer into the channel, which mitigated concentration polarization due to the enhanced turbulence caused by a spacer, especially at the downstream portion of the channel. However, in the upstream of the channel, inserting a spacer exerted an additional vertical resistance which might counteract the effect of concentration polarization mitigation by a spacer and caused a lower permeate flux. This suggests that it is necessary to consider the integral effect of spacer for designing an RO membrane module and an overall RO system in order to prevent extra resistance, reduce concentration polarization and membrane fouling.
Analysis of ytterbium arsenide films grown on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy (1988)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to investigate thin single-crystal films of ytterbium arsenide grown epitaxially on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy. Sputter profiles indicate the absence of oxide impurities and the presence of only trivalent ytterbium, which means that the epitaxial film is composed entirely of YbAs. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a moderate imperfection of the crystalline quality of the YbAs and a lattice misfit of about 8×10−3 with respect to GaAs.
CORRELATION OF BRAKING SYSTEM DEFECTS AND PERFORMANCE INSPECTION. VOLUME II: TECHNICAL REPORT (1979)

In a previous study a low cost torsion bar brake dynamometer was developed. The present study reviewed the design of this brake tester, to suggest changes in the design, to construct two prototypes, and to conduct tests that would permit the prototypes to be evaluated against three commercially available testers. The commercially available testers used were a low speed roller, a high speed roller with inertia capability, and a platform tester. Evaluation criteria included accuracy, repeatability, ability to detect known defects, and cost. The results show that the prototype is ranked highest using the criteria listed. It is recommended that its long term durability be determined by placing it in service.
Facile fabrication of a hybrid polymer electrolyte via initiator-free thiol–ene photopolymerization for high-performance all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (2020)

The article reports the facile fabrication of a solid polymer electrolyte <italic>via</italic> initiator-free thiol–ene photopolymerization for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.
Impact of infectious disease epidemics on tuberculosis diagnostic, management, and prevention services: experiences and lessons from the 2014–2015 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa (2016)

The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Tuberculosis Report 2015 states that 28% of the world's 9.6 million new tuberculosis (TB) cases are in the WHO Africa Region. The Mano River Union (MRU) countries of West Africa-Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia-have made incremental sustained investments into TB control programmes over the past two decades. The devastating Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak of 2014-2015 in West Africa impacted significantly on all sectors of the healthcare systems in the MRU countries, including the TB prevention and control programmes. The EVD outbreak also had an adverse impact on the healthcare workforce and healthcare service delivery. At the height of the EVD outbreak, numerous staff members in all MRU countries contracted EBV at the Ebola treatment units and died. Many healthcare workers were also infected in healthcare facilities that were not Ebola treatment units but were national hospitals and peripheral health units that were unprepared for receiving patients with EVD. In all three MRU countries, the disruption to TB services due to the EVD epidemic will no doubt have increased Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, TB morbidity and mortality, and decreased patient adherence to TB treatment, and the likely impact will not be known for several years to come. In this viewpoint, the impact that the EVD outbreak had on TB diagnostic, management, and prevention services is described. Vaccination against TB with BCG in children under 5 years of age was affected adversely by the EVD epidemic. The EVD outbreak was a result of global failure and represents yet another 'wake-up call' to the international community, and particularly to African governments, to reach a consensus on new ways of thinking at the national, regional, and global levels for building healthcare systems that can sustain their function during outbreaks. This is necessary so that other disease control programmes (like those for TB, malaria, and HIV) are not compromised during the emergency measures of a severe epidemic.
Numerical Investigation of Cross Flow Phenomena in a Tight-Lattice Rod Bundle Using Advanced Interface Tracking Method (2008)

In relation to the design of an innovative FLexible-fuel-cycle Water Reactor (FLWR), investigation of thermal-hydraulic performance in tight-lattice rod bundles of the FLWR is being carried out at Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). The FLWR core adopts a tight triangular lattice arrangement with about 1 mm gap clearance between adjacent fuel rods. In view of importance of accurate prediction of cross flow between subchannels in the evaluation of the boiling transition (BT) in the FLWR core, this study presents a statistical evaluation of numerical simulation results obtained by a detailed two-phase flow simulation code, TPFIT, which employs an advanced interface tracking method. In order to clarify mechanisms of cross flow in such tight lattice rod bundles, the TPFIT is applied to simulate water-steam two-phase flow in two modeled subchannels. Attention is focused on instantaneous fluctuation characteristics of cross flow. With the calculation of correlation coefficients between differential pressure and gas/liquid mixing coefficients, time scales of cross flow are evaluated, and effects of mixing section length, flow pattern and gap spacing on correlation coefficients are investigated. Differences in mechanism between gas and liquid cross flows are pointed out.
The agonist activities of the putative antipsychotic agents, L‐745,870 and U‐101958 in HEK293 cells expressing the human dopamine D4.4 receptor (1998)

1. Dopamine D4 receptor antagonists are being developed by several pharmaceutical companies as putative novel antipsychotics, possibly with low propensity to side-effects. Two such compounds, L-745,870 and U-101958 have been recently introduced. 2. The radioligand binding and functional activities of L-745,870 and U-101958 were investigated in human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells expressing the human recombinant dopamine D4.4 receptor (HEK293/D4 cells). [3H]-spiperone binding experiments were performed and inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation was used as the functional response. 3. [3H]-spiperone was found to label a homogeneous and saturable population of specific binding sites in HEK293/D4 cell homogenates (Bmax 505+/-90 fmol mg(-1) protein, pK(D) 9.5+/-0.1, n=3). Inhibition of specific [3H]-spiperone binding was observed with spiperone (pKi 9.6+/-0.1, n=3), clozapine (pKi 7.4+/-0.1, n=4), L-745,870 (pKi 8.5+/-0.1, n=3) and U-101958 (pKi 8.9+/-0.1, n=3). By contrast, raclopride was very weak (pKi < 5, n=3). 4. Dopamine inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in HEK293/D4 cells in a concentration-dependent fashion (Emax 71+/-2% inhibition of forskolin-stimulated levels, pEC50 8.7+/-0.1, n=10). This effect was mimicked by the dopamine D2-like receptor agonists, quinpirole and 7-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT). 5. L-745,870 and U-101958 also inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in HEK293/D4 cells in a concentration-dependent way. L-745,870 was less efficacious than dopamine (71% the efficacy of dopamine), whereas U-101958 behaved as a full agonist compared to dopamine. Potencies (pEC50) values of L-745,870 and U-101958 were 9.0+/-0.2 (n=4) and 8.7+/-0.3 (n=3), consistent with pKi values determined in radioligand binding studies. 6. Dopamine, L-745,870 and U-101958 (up to 1 microM) were devoid of effect on forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in control, non-transfected HEK293 cells. 7. The agonist effects of dopamine, L-745,870 and U-101958 in HEK293/D4 cells could be antagonized by spiperone (pK(B) 8.2-8.8) and clozapine (pK(B) 7.1), but not by raclopride (pK(B) < 5). None of these antagonists had any significant agonist activity at concentrations up to 10 microM. 8. These results show that the putative dopamine D4 receptor antagonists, L-745,870 and U-101958 are not devoid of intrinsic activity at human recombinant dopamine D4.4 receptors. Therefore, they may not represent the most appropriate drugs for testing the benefit of D4 receptor antagonism in schizophrenic patients, if agonism should translate in vivo.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase: what difference does it make? (1997)

EAE, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis; iNOS, nitric oxide synthase type 2, whose activity is independent of elevated intracellular Ca 2 and whose expression is inducible by infection or inflammation; NK, natural killer; RNI, reac-
Influence of solvent casting on evolution of phase morphology of PC/PMMA blends (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of solvent casting on evolution of phase morphology of PC/PMMA blendsJeanne M. Saldanha and Thein KyuCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 11, 2840–2847Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00177a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00177a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views835Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Castlemaine Project: Development of an AI-based Drug Design Support System (1994)

The Castlemaine project is a 2½ year (December 1989 to May 1992) industrial and academic collaborative research project sponsored by the Information Engineering Directorate of the Department of Trade and Industry, a follow-up to the Alvey programme of the 1980s. The goals of the project, inspired by the ideas of Smithers and his co-workers in Edinburgh,1 are: (1) To produce a domain-independent model of the design process and an associated knowledge-based design support system with an architecture which attempts to embody some of this model. (2) To produce a model specific to the domain of drug design. (3) To produce support systems for drug design.
Impact of HK / MG stacks and future device scaling on RTN (2011)

This work demonstrates the close relationship between device scaling and the threshold voltage variation (ΔV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> ) of random telegraph noise (RTN) in high-κ and metal gate (HK / MG) stacks. Statistical analysis clarifies that high temperature forming gas annealing can suppress the RTN ΔV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> . And properly annealed HK FETs have smaller RTN ΔV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> than SiON FETs, due mostly to fewer traps and partly to thinner inversion thickness in HK / MG stacks. Consequently, the influence of RTN on HK / MG gate stacks is less than that of random dopant fluctuation in the 22 nm generation. However, RTN may pose a difficult challenge for the 15 nm generation. In addition to the scaling dependence, we also find that characterizing hysteretic RTN behaviors due to RTN dependence on bias is essential to determine whether the observed RTN has an impact on SRAM operation or not.
Influence of Sulfur Content and Temperature on the Carbon Boil and CO Generation in Fe-C-S Drops. (2000)

Carbon boil in liquid iron has been studied as a function of some key parameters such as sulfur content (0.005–0.4%) and temperature (1370–1450°C) in a horizontal tube furnace. The metal–gas reactions and their time dependence, that is their dynamic nature, were observed in-situ at the temperature of interest. Experiments of Fe–C–S drops were also conducted in a vertical super-kanthal tube furnace to permit rapid quenching of metal drops and their subsequent analysis. The starting time of carbon boil phenomenon was determined using a CCD camera coupled with a time/date generator connected to a video recorder. The initiation time of carbon boil was in the range ∼5 and ∼20 sec under the conditions in this study. Mechanism for carbon boil has been proposed.
Small Particle Columns for Faster High Performance Liquid Chromatography (1996)

The customer need for fast and efficient separations on complex samples such as pharmaceuticals and biologicals led Waters to develop fast, efficient, and reproducible Symmetry ¤
Perception and painting: a search for effective, engaging visualizations (2002)

Scientific visualization represents information as images that let us explore, discover, analyze and validate large collections of data. Much research in this area is dedicated to designing effective visualizations that support specific analysis needs. Recently, though, we've considered visualizations from another angle. We've started asking, "Are visualizations beautiful? Can we consider visualizations works of art?" You might expect answers to these questions to vary widely depending on an individual's interpretation what it means to be artistic. We believe that the issues of effectiveness and aesthetics may not be as independent as they seem initially. We can learn much from studying two related disciplines - human psychophysics and art theory and history. Human psychophysics teaches us how we see the world around us. Art history shows us how artistic masters capture our attention by designing works that evoke an emotional response. The common interest in visual attention provides an important bridge between these domains. We're using this bridge to produce effective and engaging visualizations, and in this article, we share some of the lessons we've learned along the way.
Genetic Differential Sensitivity to Social Environments: Implications for Research (2013)

Researchers have proposed a genetic differential sensitivity to social environmental (GDSE) model positing that individuals with certain genetic makeups are more sensitive to favorable and unfavorable environmental influences than those without these genetic makeups. We discuss several issues facing researchers who want to use GDSE to examine health: (1) the need for greater theorizing about the social environment to properly understand the size and direction of environmental influences; (2) the potential for combining multiple genetic markers to measure an individual's genetic sensitivity to environmental influence; (3) how this model and exogenous shocks deal with gene-environment correlations; (4) implications of this model for public health and prevention; and (5) how life course and developmental theories may be used to inform GDSE research.
In situ resonant x-ray study of vertical correlation and capping e ects during GaN/AlN quantum dots growth (2005)

Grazing incidence anomalous x-ray scattering was used to monitor in situ the molecular beam epitaxy growth of GaN/AlN quantum dots (QDs). The strain state was studied by means of grazing incidence Multi-wavelength Anomalous Di raction (MAD) in both the QDs and the AlN during the progressive coverage of QDs by AlN monolayers. Vertical correlation in the position of the GaN QDs was also studied by both grazing incidence MAD and anomalous Grazing Incidence Small Angle Scattering (GISAXS) as a function of the number of GaN planes and of the AlN spacer thickness. In a regime where the GaN QDs and the AlN capping are mutually strain influenced, a vertical correlation in the position of QDs is found with as a side-e ect an average increase in the QDs width.
Electron beam/converter target interactions in radiographic accelerators (2004)

Linear induction accelerators used in X-ray radiography have single-pulse parameters of the order 20 MeV of electron beam energy, 2 kA of beam current, pulse lengths of 50-100 ns, and spot sizes of 1-2 mm. The thermal energy deposited in a bremsstrahlung converter target made of tantalum from such a pulse is /spl sim/80 kJ/cc, more than enough to bring the target material to a partially ionized state. The tail end of a single beam pulse, or any subsequent pulse in a multi-pulse train, undergoes a number of interactions with the target that can affect beam transport and radiographic performance. Positive ions extracted from the target plasma by the electron beam space charge can affect the beam focus and centroid stability. As the target expands on the inter-pulse time scale, the integrated line density of material decreases, eventually affecting the X-ray output of the system. If the target plume becomes sufficiently large, beam transport through it is affected by macroscopic charge and current neutralization effects and microscopic beam/plasma instability mechanisms. We will present a survey of some of these interactions, as well as some results of an extensive experimental and theoretical campaign to understand the practical amelioration of these effects, carried out at the ETA-II accelerator facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Structural and physical properties of BEDO-TTF charge-transfer salts: κ-phase with CF3SO3– (1993)

The synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies, conductivity measurements and electronic-band calculations for two new charge-transfer salts κ-(BEDO-TTF)2CF3SO3(I) and (BEDO-TTF)2CF3SO3(C4H8O)0.5(II), are described. Most of the discussion concerns the former which is the first κ-phase obtained with BEDO-TTF. This salt is metallic at room temperature (RT)(σRT= 100 S cm–1) and undergoes a slow change towards semiconducting behaviour at low temperature. Simultaneously, the EPR linewidth of the κ-phase decreases with T from ca. 60 G at 300 K, unlike the behaviour of classical κ-phase superconductors. However, the calculated band structure of I is quite similar to those previously reported for classical κ-phase salts. Comparison of magnetic and conductivity data allows the classification of κ-salts into two groups: (i) classical superconducting salts and (ii) the present salt and related materials. The properties of salts in the latter group are discussed in relation to the role of the anions.
Risk of Subsequent Fracture After Low-Trauma Fracture in Men and Women (2007)

After an initial low-trauma fracture, absolute risk of subsequent fracture was similar for men and women. This increased risk occurred for virtually all clinical fractures and persisted for up to 10 years.