gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Cystatin C Levels in Two Patients with Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (2011)

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by central obesity, mental impairment, rod-cone dystrophy, polydactyly, hypogonadism in males, and renal abnormalities. The causative genes have been identified as BBS1-14. In the Western countries, the prevalence of this disease ranges from 1/13,500 to 1/160,000, while only a few Japanese patients have been reported in the English-language literature. The incidence of renal dysfunction or anomalies in previous reports varies considerably ranging from ∼20% to universal occurrence. We here report that two Japanese patients who had BBS with normal BUN and creatinine levels had elevated levels of cystatin C, a sensitive marker of glomerular filtration rate. A urine albumin level increased only in the elder patient. Thus, cystatin C may be useful for detecting renal abnormalities in patients with an apparent normal renal function. Because this disease is diagnosed by accumulation of symptoms, such a sensitive marker might help early diagnosis of BBS.
Managing Uncertainty in Preliminary Aeroshell Design Analysis (1997)

Abstract An analysis tool to aid in preliminary design of re-entry aeroshells for interplanetary exploration is presented. The computational tool addresses a common feature of design analysis, the need to make use of results from several analysis regimes and from several sources. This paper formalizes for computation what has historically been a matter of informal engineering judgment. The automation of design analysis allows for more extensive search of the design space, and thus supports a design process that is at once more thorough and more efficient. The human designer uses experience and intuition to combine results from different analyses. Here, this combination is formalized by recognizing that each analysis tool is valid in particular regimes of the design problem; where regimes overlap, a combination based on participation factors (and utilizing the mathematics of fuzzy sets) is employed. An aggregated level of confidence for each solution point is also calculated.
Virulence and pathogenesis of non-virulent and virulent strains of pseudorabies virus expressing envelope glycoprotein E1 of hog cholera virus (1994)

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) expressing the envelope glycoprotein E1 (E1) of hog cholera virus (HCV) was used as a model to study the potential risks connected with the use of a live herpesvirus vaccine expressing a foreign gene. The gene encoding E1 was inserted into the glycoprotein X (gX) locus of both a virulent PRV strain and a non-virulent PRV strain in which the virulence genes encoding glycoprotein I (gI) and thymidine kinase (TK) had been inactivated. We investigated whether strain M205 (gI-, TK-, gX-, E1+) had a changed cell or host tropism or virulence compared with strain M206 (gI-, TK-, gX-) in pigs, rabbits, hamsters, rats, mice and rhesus monkeys. The insertion of E1 into this non-virulent PRV strain caused no change in cell or host tropism. However, pigs inoculated with M205 shed less virus over a shorter period than pigs inoculated with M206. Theoretically, virulent PRV strains expressing E1 (gX-, E1+) could arise through transfer of the E1 gene of M205 to a virulent PRV strain. Therefore, we inoculated pigs with strain M12 (gX-, E1+) or the control strain M104 (gX-) and compared the virulence and pathogenesis. M12 and M104 were of approximately equal virulence and the pathogenesis of both strains was similar. We concluded that incorporating E1 of HCV into the gX locus of PRV did not change cell or host tropism, nor did it change the virulence of either non-virulent or virulent PRV.
Cognitive tracking of surgical instruments based on stereo vision and depth sensing (2013)

It is significant to have accurate localization of surgical instruments in navigated minimally invasive surgery. Moreover, instrument tracking modules are essential for cognitive surgical robotic systems. Commercial optical trackers have been developed with sub-millimeter accuracy, but typically work only at single spectrum - either visible spectrum or infrared spectrum, which limits the sensing and perception in surgical environment. The objective of this research is to incorporate multiple sensors at broad-spectrum, including stereo infrared (IR) cameras, color (or RGB) cameras and depth sensors to perceive the surgical environment. Features extracted from each modality can contribute to the cognition of complex surgical environment or procedures. Additionally, their combination can provide higher robustness and accuracy beyond what is obtained from single sensing modality. As a preliminary study, we propose a multi-sensor fusion approach for localizing surgical instruments. We developed an integrated dual Kinect tracking system to validate the proposed hierarchical tracking approach.
Preparation and structure of manganese molybdates (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and structure of manganese molybdatesA. Clearfield, A. Moini, and P. R. RudolfCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 26, 4606–4609Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00220a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00220a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views565Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Relationship Among Endothelial Response to Hyperemia, Bone Marrow-Derived Progenitor Cells, and Parathyroid Hormone in Renal Transplantation (2012)

This study shows an altered endothelial response, associated with reduced EPCs, and increased PTH in RTRs; the evaluation of endothelial status in RTRs may contribute to better assess the risk profile of these patients.
Coordination of cortical and thalamic activity during non-REM sleep in humans (2017)

Every night, the human brain produces thousands of downstates and spindles during non-REM sleep. Previous studies indicate that spindles originate thalamically and downstates cortically, loosely grouping spindle occurrence. However, the mechanisms whereby the thalamus and cortex interact in generating these sleep phenomena remain poorly understood. Using bipolar depth recordings, we report here a sequence wherein: (1) convergent cortical downstates lead thalamic downstates; (2) thalamic downstates hyperpolarize thalamic cells, thus triggering spindles; and (3) thalamic spindles are focally projected back to cortex, arriving during the down-to-upstate transition when the cortex replays memories. Thalamic intrinsic currents, therefore, may not be continuously available during non-REM sleep, permitting the cortex to control thalamic spindling by inducing downstates. This archetypical cortico-thalamo-cortical sequence could provide the global physiological context for memory consolidation during non-REM sleep.
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems (2003)

Providing over 2000 references, this book reviews the ophthalmic drug delivery systems currently available or in various stages of research and development, and analyzes the suitability of particular modes of administration for a disease state.
MEMS temperature scanner: principles, advances, and applications (2010)

Contactless measurement of temperatures has gained enormous significance in many application fields, ranging from climate protection over quality control to object recognition in public places or military objects. Thereby measurement of linear or spatially temperature distribution is often necessary. For this purposes mostly thermographic cameras or motor driven temperature scanners are used today. Both are relatively expensive and the motor drive devices are limited regarding to the scanning rate additionally. An economic alternative are temperature scanner devices based on micro mirrors. The micro mirror, attached in a simple optical setup, reflects the emitted radiation from the observed heat onto an adapted detector. A line scan of the target object is obtained by periodic deflection of the micro scanner. Planar temperature distribution will be achieved by perpendicularly moving the target object or the scanner device. Using Planck radiation law the temperature of the object is calculated. The device can be adapted to different temperature ranges and resolution by using different detectors - cooled or uncooled - and parameterized scanner parameters. With the basic configuration 40 spatially distributed measuring points can be determined with temperatures in a range from 350&deg;C - 1000&deg;C. The achieved miniaturization of such scanners permits the employment in complex plants with high building density or in direct proximity to the measuring point. The price advantage enables a lot of applications, especially new application in the low-price market segment This paper shows principle, setup and application of a temperature measurement system based on micro scanners working in the near infrared range. Packaging issues and measurement results will be discussed as well.
Neural Graph Learning (2018)

Label propagation is a powerful and flexible semi-supervised learning technique on graphs. Neural networks, on the other hand, have proven track records in many supervised learning tasks. In this work, we propose a training framework with a graph-regularised objective, namely Neural Graph Machines, that can combine the power of neural networks and label propagation. This work generalises previous literature on graph-augmented training of neural networks, enabling it to be applied to multiple neural architectures (Feed-forward NNs, CNNs and LSTM RNNs) and a wide range of graphs. The new objective allows the neural networks to harness both labeled and unlabeled data by: (a)~allowing the network to train using labeled data as in the supervised setting, (b)~biasing the network to learn similar hidden representations for neighboring nodes on a graph, in the same vein as label propagation. Such architectures with the proposed objective can be trained efficiently using stochastic gradient descent and scaled to large graphs, with a runtime that is linear in the number of edges. The proposed joint training approach convincingly outperforms many existing methods on a wide range of tasks (multi-label classification on social graphs, news categorization, document classification and semantic intent classification), with multiple forms of graph inputs (including graphs with and without node-level features) and using different types of neural networks.
An analysis of multistreamed, superscalar processor architectures (1996)

To supply the ever increasing performance demands on computer systems, faster and larger processors are being built. Today's microprocessors exploit higher levels of integration by increasing the cache capacity and adding functional units. As a result, superscalar processors are able to concurrently dispatch an increasing number of instructions on every cycle. However, as the number of functional units increases the probability that a given functional unit is busy decreases. This is due to a lack of instruction level parallelism (ILP) within applications that limit the number of instructions that can be executed in parallel and, thus, the overall performance. While the majority of the effort has been placed on extracting ILP within a single thread of execution, we explore multistreaming, the concurrent execution of instructions from distinct threads, as another technique to increase general purpose, superscalar processor performance.
We employ a dynamic instruction interleaving technique where instructions from different threads are dynamically grouped by the processor and simultaneously dispatched to the functional units for execution. The lack of ILP within a thread is overcome by executing instructions from other threads in functional units that a single thread is not able to use. Thus, overall processor performance is significantly increased by using the processor resources more efficiently.
In this dissertation, we present an analysis of incorporating multistreaming into a general purpose, superscalar processor. We focus on the effects of functional unit and cache configurations on overall processor performance. Using a combination of analytical models and simulation techniques, we determine the potential and expected performance gains attainable through multistreaming. We measure the impact of thread scheduling on performance and determine scheduling strategies to obtain the highest performance. Finally, we examine implementation costs and show that multistreaming is a cost effective technique for improving processor performance.
REACTIONS OF COPPER-CARBENOIDS WITH SULFOXIDES (1973)

Abstract The copper chelate-catalyzed reaction of α-diazoacetophenones with substituted diphenyl sulfoxides gave two types of products, diaryl sulfides (V) and oxosulfonium ylides (VI), of which ratios depended on the substituents of α-diazoacetophenones and of diaryl sulfoxides. The oxosulfonium ylides exhibit a novel reaction with phenylglyoxal affording oxosulfonium glyoxalylphenacylides (VII) in the presence of copper acetylacetonate. When copper-phthalocyanine was employed as a catalyst, the reaction gave a lactone (X) besides (V).
Polar auxin transport: an early invention (2012)

In higher plants, cell-to-cell polar auxin transport (PAT) of the phytohormone auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), generates maxima and minima that direct growth and development. Although IAA is present in all plant phyla, PAT has only been detected in land plants, the earliest being the Bryophytes. Charophyta, a group of freshwater green algae, are among the first multicellular algae with a land plant-like phenotype and are ancestors to land plants. IAA has been detected in members of Charophyta, but its developmental role and the occurrence of PAT are unknown. We show that naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA)-sensitive PAT occurs in internodal cells of Chara corallina. The relatively high velocity (at least 4-5 cm/h) of auxin transport through the giant (3-5 cm) Chara cells does not occur by simple diffusion and is not sensitive to a specific cytoplasmic streaming inhibitor. The results demonstrate that PAT evolved early in multicellular plant life. The giant Chara cells provide a unique new model system to study PAT, as Chara allows the combining of real-time measurements and mathematical modelling with molecular, developmental, cellular, and electrophysiological studies.
The Weakening of Lineage and the Development of Christianity in Rural Northern China——Case Study on Village Li of Western Henan (2010)

历史考察表明,宗族组织的控制和宗族观念的影响,是阻碍基督教在中国传播的重要原因.对豫西李村的研究发现,随着社会的分化和专门化进程,宗族的部分功能被市场代替,宗族组织与宗族观念亦随之弱化.从历史考察与现实的个案来说,宗族的弱化有利于基督教的发展,反过来,基督教的发展也进一步弱化着宗族的力量.这一双向互动的过程,慢慢地改变着中国文化与社会结构.尽管如此,笔者并不认为基督教是宗族的功能替代项.
Aza-BODIPY-based D–π–A conjugated polymers with tunable band gap: synthesis and near-infrared emission (2012)

Three novel donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) type polymers P1, P2 and P3 could be synthesized from a diiodo substituted aza-borondipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) derivative (M-1) with 3,6-diethynyl-9-octyl-9H-carbazole (M-2), 3,7-diethynyl-10-octyl-10H-phenothiazine (M-3) and 3,7-diethynyl-10-octyl-10H-phenothiazine-S,S-dioxide (M-4) via a Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction. These resulting aza-BODIPY-based conjugated polymers show narrow near-infrared emission in the range of 742–763 nm. The D–π–A polymers can also exhibit an interesting trend of visible color (cyan for P1, green for P2 and light green for P3) in solution by the choice of different monomer structures. The band gaps of the alternating polymers can be tuned in the range 0.96–1.14 eV by using three different donors, which can be attributed to the internal charge transfer from an electron-rich to an electron-deficient moiety.
Enzymatic Interesterification of High Oleic Sunflower Oil and Tripalmitin or Tristearin (2015)

Abstract The objective of this study was to produce low saturated, zero‐ trans , interesterified fats with 20 or 30 % saturated fatty acids (SFA) such as C16:0 or C18:0. Tripalmitin (TP) or tristearin (TS) was blended with high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) at different ratios (0.1:1, 0.3:1, and 0.5:1 [w/w]). Total C16:0 and C18:0 compositions of the resulting TP/HOSO and TS/HOSO blends, respectively, were plotted against blending ratios. Linear interpolation was used to estimate blending ratios that would yield physical blends (PB) with 20 or 30 % SFA. Interesterified blends (IB) were then synthesized from the customized PB using Lipozyme TL IM as the biocatalyst. Total and sn ‐2 fatty acid compositions, triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species, thermal behavior, and oxidative stability of PB and IB were compared. The total fatty acid compositions of PB and IB were similar but fatty acid positional distributions and TAG molecular species composition differed. IB contained 5–10 % more SFA at the sn ‐2 position than corresponding PB. Furthermore, interesterification generated mono‐ and disaturated TAG species which resulted in broader melting profiles for IB. However, IB had lower oxidative stability than PB. The reformulation of food products with zero‐ trans interesterified fats may be advantageous to the reduction of cardiovascular disease burden in the population.
Analgesic Efficacy of Ketoprofen in Postpartum, General Surgery, and Chronic Cancer Pain (1988)

This article summarizes the results of five single-dose clinical studies of three pain models: postpartum, postoperative, and chronic cancer pain. The efficacy of ketoprofen (in varying doses from 25 to 225 mg) was compared with one of the following standards: aspirin (650 mg), codeine (90 mg), acetaminophen (650 mg) plus codeine (60 mg), and parenteral morphine (5 mg and 10 mg). The results indicate that ketoprofen in doses as low as 25 mg has analgesic properties significantly superior to those of placebo. For the treatment of postpartum pain, ketoprofen was significantly more effective than aspirin 650 mg but not significantly different from codeine 90 mg. Ketoprofen doses of 50 mg and 150 mg also provided analgesia superior to that with acetaminophen 650 mg plus codeine 60 mg for the management of moderate to severe postoperative pain. Moreover, oral doses of ketoprofen (75 and 225 mg) provided analgesia similar to that obtained with 5 and 10 mg parenteral doses of morphine. Adverse effects related to ketoprofen were relatively minor and infrequent. Ketoprofen was recently approved for use as an analgesic for treatment of mild to moderate pain in total daily doses up to 300 mg; the recommended initial dose is 25 to 50 mg every 6 to 8 hours as necessary.
Expedient synthesis of functional single-component glycoliposomes using thiol–yne chemistry (2016)

The preparation of a set of eight unprecedented amphiphilic neoglycolipids forming liposome nanoparticles is reported. The small library was readily obtained from various peracetylated propargyl glycopyranosides via efficient radical-initiated thiol-yne (TYC) coupling reactions using alkanethiols of different chain lengths. In addition, using sequential thiol-yne, both the nature and positioning of the lipophilic alkanethiols could be varied at will, thus providing unparalleled variability within the glycolipid structures. Two different classes of self-assemblies were prepared from the new neoglycolipids. First, liposomes of 150-300 nm were obtained by solvent injection of their ethanol or tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution in water. The resulting structures were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The mannosylated lipid nanoparticle (compound 14) showed good stability in water. Alternatively, giant soft unilamellar vesicles were also obtained by film hydration and visualized by differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC). Incorporation of a hydrophobic dye to the solution prior to evaporation allowed visualization by confocal microscopy. Finally, the biological functions of the newly formed glycolipid vesicles were evaluated by multivalent carbohydrate-protein binding interactions using concanavalin A (ConA). Agglutination assays and the binding of glycolipid by dendritic cells (DCs) resulted in an increase in DCs immunostimulatory potential. Importantly, we did not see changes in cells viability at tested doses. This study provides a new, simple and highly efficient methodology to produce novel glyconanoparticle candidate as model in development of vaccine adjuvant and drug delivery system.
FAPI Compared with FDG PET/CT for Diagnosis of Primary and Metastatic Lung Cancer (2023)

Background The radiotracer fluorine 18 (<sup>18</sup>F)-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) has shown promise for visualizing several types of cancer, but the accuracy of <sup>18</sup>F-FAPI compared with <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for the detection of lung cancer remains uncertain. Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of <sup>18</sup>F-FAPI-based PET/CT imaging for the diagnosis of primary and metastatic lung cancer lesions as compared with <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT. Materials and Methods In this secondary analysis of a prospective trial, consecutively recruited patients from a single center with pathologically confirmed lung cancer were prospectively enrolled from December 2020 to April 2022 and underwent paired <sup>18</sup>F-FAPI and <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT examinations at intervals of more than 20 hours and within 7 days of each other. Histopathologic and clinical follow-up results were used as reference standards for final diagnoses. <sup>18</sup>F-FAPI and <sup>18</sup>F-FDG uptake were compared using the McNemar test or paired Student <i>t</i> test. Diagnostic accuracy was compared between the two techniques by using the McNemar χ<sup>2</sup> test. Results Sixty-eight participants (median age, 63 years [IQR, 58-68 years; range, 42-79 years]; 46 male [68%]) were evaluated. Compared with the mean tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) for FDG uptake, TBR for FAPI uptake was lower in primary lung tumors (25.3 ± 14.0 [SD] vs 32.1 ± 21.1; <i>P</i> < .001) but higher in metastatic lymph nodes (7.5 ± 6.6 vs 5.9 ± 8.6; <i>P</i> < .001) and bone metastases (8.6 ± 5.4 vs 4.3 ± 2.3; <i>P</i> < .001). For diagnostic accuracy in a total of 548 lesions in 68 participants, compared with <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT, <sup>18</sup>F-FAPI PET/CT demonstrated a higher sensitivity (99% [392 of 397 lesions] vs 87% [346 of 397]; <i>P</i> < .001), specificity (93% [141 of 151 lesions] vs 79% [120 of 151]; <i>P</i> = .004), accuracy (97% [533 of 548 lesions] vs 85% [466 of 548]; <i>P</i> < .001), and negative predictive value (97% [141 of 146 lesions] vs 70% [120 of 171 lesions]; <i>P</i> < .001), but there was no evidence of a difference for positive predictive value (98% [392 of 402 lesions] vs 92% [346 of 377 lesions]; <i>P</i> = .57). Conclusion <sup>18</sup>F-FAPI PET/CT may be superior to <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT for detecting lung cancer. © RSNA, 2023 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Zukotynski and Gerbaudo in this issue.