gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The cost-effectiveness of IVF in the UK: a comparison of three gonadotrophin treatments (2001)

rFSH is a cost-effective treatment strategy in ovulation induction prior to IVF.
A study of phosphate absorption by magnesium iron hydroxycarbonate (2009)

A study of the mechanism of phosphate adsorption by magnesium iron hydroxycarbonate, [Mg(2.25)Fe(0.75)(OH)(6)](CO(3))(0.37).0.65H(2)O over a range of pH has been carried out. The efficiency of the phosphate removal from aqueous solution has been investigated between pH 3-9 and the resulting solid phases have been studied by elemental analysis, XRD, FT-IR, Raman, HRTEM, EDX and solid-state MAS (31)P NMR. The analytical and spectroscopic data suggest that phosphate removal from solution occurs not by anion intercalation of the relevant phosphorous oxyanion (H(2)PO(4)(-) or HPO(4)(2-)) into the LDH but by the precipitation of either an insoluble iron hydrogen phosphate hydrate and/or a magnesium phosphate hydrate.
A Novel Distance Measurement System with a Planar Light Wave Circuit (2002)

We have developed a novel distance measurement (DM) system with a silica-based planar light wave circuit (PLC) and fiber optics for construction and civil engineering. The PLC contains thermooptic switches (TOSWs) that utilize the index change caused by the thermooptic effect. These switches are used for changing the light path and attenuating the light signal. The performance of the DM system was evaluated by the outdoor DM and linearity measurement. The outdoor DM at the distance of 104 m was achieved with the commercial retroreflective sheet and the measurement at the distance of 1 km with a corner-cube prism is possible. The resolution of the system is about 1.7 mm (1σ). These results show our DM system fulfills the same required specifications as the conventional system that utilizes bulk optics. Moreover, the system has many advantages such as robustness, compactness, being noise-free, ease of alignment and stability.
Silent and parameter independent hybrid sensorless control for SPMSM based on current oversampling (2013)

This paper proposes the combination of an Oversampling based Arbitrary Injection Scheme with a novel Oversampling based EMF estimation approach for SPMSMs, which both are free of machine parameters. The Oversampling based EMF estimator is furthermore unaffected by IGBT interlock time. The combination strategy is based on a signal-to-noise-ratio consideration, which concludes the whole hybrid scheme being completely free of machine parameters and therefore applicable to any SPMSM without configuration.
Differential Ionic Permeation of DNA-Modified Electrodes (2007)

Ionic permselectivity of DNA films has been investigated by the analysis of the electrochemical response of methylene blue (MB) as a function of pH and ionic strength on DNA-modified electrodes in aqueous p-nitrophenol (p-NP) and phosphate buffers. We have observed a linear Pourbaix diagram in p-NP buffer indicating that the reduction of MB occurs with a two-electron plus one-proton reaction. Interestingly, in phosphate buffer the Pourbaix diagram is curved and this suggests that the thermodynamics of MB incorporated in the film depend also on the ratio of mono- versus divalent anions in the bulk. This result indicates that DNA films do not behave as pure ion-exclusion films, but instead there is a differential permselectivity that depends on the identity of the anions. Based on this consideration of the ionic distribution in the films, we provide a new method for the analysis of the DNA surface coverage based on AC impedance of an anionic species, ferricyanide. The methodology is of particular value in analyzing DNA hybridization and dehybridization. This approach presents an advantage compared to standard ruthenium hexammine assays since our methodology is insensitive to film morphology, and is highly sensitive to the amount of negative charge on the surface.
Characterization of South American exotic maize (Zea mays L.) populations with opaque phenotype (1995)

Eleven exotic populations of opaque maize from Brazil. Bolívia and Chile, were characterized. Kernels density, lysine and tryptophan contents, total zeins and non-zeins, zein individual fractions, and soluble sugars were analyzed. Although these populations bear soft endosperm, their zein prolifes by gel electrophoresis, the nutritional quality of their proteins as well as the densities of their grains do not follow the patterns present in other opaque maize genotypes. We concluded that these exotic populations are not included in any class of endosperm mutant described so far.
Statistical Unpredictability of F0 Trajectories as a Cue to Sentence Stress (2014)

This paper introduces a hypothesis that the perceived sentence stress in speech is related to the unpredictability of prosodic features, thereby capturing attention of the listener.In order to study this idea, a computational model was designed that learns the statistical structure of temporal F0 trajectories from continuous speech data without supervision using n-gram statistics.When the model output is compared to human perception of stress on a set of novel utterances, the lowprobability points of the F0 trajectories show high correlation with the moments of subjective perception of stress.The result gives support to the idea that perceptual attention and unpredictability of sensory stimulus are mutually connected, and suggests that stress perception can be learned with similar statistical learning mechanisms that are considered to play a central role in early word segmentation.
TMU-NLP System Using BERT-based Pre-trained Model to the NLP-TEA CGED Shared Task 2020 (2020)

In this paper, we introduce our system for NLPTEA 2020 shared task of Chinese Grammatical Error Diagnosis (CGED).In recent years, pre-trained models have been extensively studied, and several downstream tasks have benefited from their utilization.In this study, we treat the grammar error diagnosis (GED) task as a grammatical error correction (GEC) problem and use a method that incorporates a pre-trained model into an encoderdecoder model to solve this problem.
Correlation among abrasive wear tests (2012)

ABSTRACT The study of wear is generally focused on reproducing micromechanisms that are identified on industrial applications in the laboratory. To do so, many tribometers have been developed, but not much attention has been given to the correlation among the variety of abrasive test results. This study aims to compare four different abrasive wear tests: pin‐on‐disc, single pass pendulum, linear scratch and the laboratory of tribology and materials test. High chromium white cast irons were tested in different conditions. It was observed that the wear resistance classification offered by the pendulum scratch and the laboratory of tribology and materials test was the same and was the opposite of the classification offered by the scratch and pin‐on‐disc tests. The wear rate behaviour verifies the existing constant depth and constant load models regarding the force transferred to the contact region. For the latter, the wear behaviour is better explained by the product k*q , parameters that are obtained from the pendulum test. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Expression of platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor and their correlation with cellular morphology in glial tumors (1991)

✓ This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of two sets of growth factors, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), in the induction and maintenance of glial tumors and their phenotypic expression. Explants from eight malignant tumors, five benign tumors, and two nontumor glial cells were analyzed for levels of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of PDGFA, PDGFB, TGF-β1, and TGF-β2. Results were normalized to the mRNA expression of tubulin, a “housekeeping” gene present in glial cells. Of the 15 explants tested, PDGFB was seen in six, all of which were malignant tumors; PDGFA was seen in all 15 with much higher levels expressed in malignant tumors; and TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were seen in all 15 without a clear difference between cell types, although expression tended to be higher in malignant tumors. This project supports the theory that the induction and maintenance of glial tumors is likely to be a multifactorial phenomenon.
Channel impulse response based vehicle analysis in tunnels (2019)

Indoor localization and positioning is of vital importance in numerous applications. In particular, in the case of emergency events, locating and tracking of the victims, objects and rescue personnel in harsh indoor environments is still challenging. In this paper, two different approaches for the obstruction detection inside the road tunnel are analysed. Both methods are based on the analysing channel impulse responses (CIRs). The first parametric approach tests the use of root mean squared signal delay spread to recognize the object in an empty tunnel. Because the recognition of additional objects in already occupied tunnel is unreliable, more complex machine learning approach is also tested. The convolutional neural network (CNN) classification model for the LoS/NLoS channel detection is able to detect the object in an empty tunnel with the accuracy of more than 90%, whereas the presented multiple objects scenarios can be successfully resolved in more than 80%.
Spectral and scattering theory for symbolic potentials of order zero (2001)

The spectral and scattering theory is investigated for a generalization, to scattering metrics on two-dimensional compact manifolds with boundary, of the class of smooth potentials on the Euclidean plane which are homogeneous of degree zero near infinity. The most complete results require the additional assumption that the restriction of the potential to the circle(s) at infinity be Morse. Generalized eigenfunctions associated to the essential spectrum at non-critical energies are shown to originate both at minima and maxima, although the latter are not germane to the $L^2$ spectral theory. Asymptotic completeness is shown, both in the traditional $L^2$ sense and in the sense of tempered distributions. This leads to a definition of the scattering matrix, the structure of which will be described in a future publication.
bcl-2, p53, and response to tamoxifen in estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study. (1997)

p53 status, as determined by IHC is not significantly associated with response to tamoxifen, although tumors with altered p53 protein are inherently more aggressive. Contrary to expectation, high bcl-2 identifies a relatively indolent phenotype of ER-positive metastatic breast cancer, in which patients experience a better clinical response to tamoxifen and a longer survival.
Tailoring Alumina Based Interphases on Lithium Ion Cathodes (2018)

In this study, artificial aluminum-bearing interphases are formed on LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC532) cathodes via wet-chemical surface treatments with different solvents, aluminum precursors, loading levels, and annealing conditions. The effects of different surface-treatment conditions on interphase chemistries, morphologies, and local atomic environments are studied with the combination of surface-sensitive electron microscopy and local-probe solid state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. A variation of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, LiAlO<sub>2</sub>, and other lithium-bearing species with different phases and morphologies are formed as an interphase on top of NMC532, controlled by the polarity of solvent systems, the corrosivity of aluminum salts, the initial alumina loading, and the annealing temperature. The nature of these initial surface interphases shows great influence on electrode impedance, initial capacities, and capacity retention rates in electrochemical tests. Post-electrochemistry characterizations on cycled cathodes show that surface LiAlO<sub>2</sub> phases are relatively stable against the potential HF etching, whereas Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is reacted and consumed. Both half-cell and full-cell testing results of cathodes treated by optimized protocols demonstrate remarkable improvements in the capacity retention compared with the baseline. These fundamental understandings on interphase chemistries provide deep insights to the control of cathode surfaces and map-out important guidelines for the design of scalable cathode coatings.
A linguistic analysis of question taxonomies (2005)

Abstract Recent work in automatic question answering has called for question taxonomies as a critical component of the process of machine understanding of questions. There is a long tradition of classifying questions in library reference services, and digital reference services have a strong need for automation to support scalability. Digital reference and question answering systems have the potential to arrive at a highly fruitful symbiosis. To move towards this goal, an extensive review was conducted of bodies of literature from several fields that deal with questions, to identify question taxonomies that exist in these bodies of literature. In the course of this review, five question taxonomies were identified, at four levels of linguistic analysis.
Effects of high night temperature on lipid and protein compositions in tonoplasts isolated from Ananas comosus and Kalanchoë pinnata leaves (2008)

Effects of high night temperature on the lipid and protein compositions in the tonoplasts isolated from the leaves of two Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants, Ananas comosus (pineapple) and KalanchoĂŤ pinnata were studied. The results showed that the phospholipids/protein ratios in the tonoplasts isolated from pineapple and K. pinnata leaves decreased from 1.82 to 1.21 and 2.63 to 1.50, respectively, as the night temperature increased from 20 to 37 Â°C. Under high night temperature, relative amount of total unsaturated fatty acids in K. pinnata was increased by 6 %, which was mainly caused by increased C18:2 and C18:3, whereas unsaturated fatty acids, C18:2 and C18:3 in pineapple did not show significant change. The distribution patterns of tonoplast proteins in the two CAM species were different between normal and high night temperature and in K. pinnata, especially those with molecular mass ranging from 66.2 to 97.4 KDa. Compared with normal night temperature, more proteins were found in pineapple, but no difference was found in K. pinnata. Thus, above result indicated that the pineapple tonoplasts could keep higher rigidity under high night temperatures compared to the K. pinnata.
An Oral Fluorouracil Prodrug, Capecitabine, Mitigates a Gram-Positive Systemic Infection in Mice (2021)

New classes of antibiotics are needed to fight bacterial infections, and repurposing existing drugs as antibiotics may enable rapid deployment of new treatments. Screens for antibacterials have been traditionally performed in standard laboratory media, but bacterial pathogens experience very different environmental conditions during infection, including nutrient limitation. To introduce the next generation of researchers to modern drug discovery methods, we developed a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) in which undergraduate students screened a library of FDA-approved drugs for their ability, in a nutrient-poor medium, to prevent the growth of the human Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The nine drugs identified all disrupt DNA metabolism in bacteria and eukaryotes. One of the hit compounds, capecitabine, is a well-tolerated oncology drug that is administered orally, a preferred treatment route. We demonstrated that capecitabine is more effective at inhibiting <i>S.</i> Typhimurium growth in nutrient-limited than in standard rich microbiological broth, an explanation for why the antibiotic activity of this compound has not been previously recognized. Capecitabine is enzymatically converted to the active pyrimidine analogue, fluorouracil (5-FU), and Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, are significantly more sensitive to 5-FU than Gram-negative bacteria. We therefore tested capecitabine for efficacy in a murine model of S. aureus peritonitis. Oral capecitabine administration reduced the colonization of tissues and increased animal survival in a dose-responsive manner. Since capecitabine is inexpensive, orally available, and relatively safe, it may have utility for treatment of intractable Gram-positive bacterial infections. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> As bacterial infections become increasingly insensitive to antibiotics, whether established, off-patent drugs could treat infections becomes an important question. At the same time, basic research has revealed that during infection, mammals starve pathogens for nutrients and, in response, bacteria dramatically alter their biology. Therefore, it may be fruitful to search for drugs that could be repurposed as antibiotics using bacteria grown with limited nutrients. This approach, executed with undergraduate student researchers, identified nine drugs known to interfere with the production and/or function of DNA. We further explored one of these drugs, capecitabine, a well-tolerated human oncology drug. Oral administration of capecitabine reduced infection with the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and increased survival in mice. These data suggest that capecitabine has potential as a therapy for patients with otherwise untreatable bacterial infections.
Isolation and Characterization of a Bacillus subtilis Strain Producing Natto with Strong Umami-Taste and High Viscosity. (1994)

従来よりも旨味の強い納豆を製造するために,土壌,稲わら等からプロテアーゼ活性の高い枯草菌をスクリーニングした.その結果,プロテアーゼ活性が高く(121U/ml),旨味の強い納豆を製造する菌株(NN-1)が分離された.更にNN-1は蒸煮大豆,あるいは液体培地のいずれにおいても市販納豆種菌以上に粘質物を合成した.NN-1は粘質物生成に関与しているといわれているγ-グルタミルトランスペプチダーゼを液体培地中に分泌しており,その活性も1060国際単位/lであり,市販納豆種菌よりも高かった. NN-1はBacillus subtilisと同定された. NN-1で製造された納豆は市販種菌で製造された納豆よりも遊離アミノ酸が2倍程度高く,旨味と粘性に関する官能検査でも高い評価が得られた.
Concentration‐independent MRI of pH with a dendrimer‐based pH‐responsive nanoprobe (2015)

The measurement of extracellular pH (pHe ) has significant clinical value for pathological diagnoses and for monitoring the effects of pH-altering therapies. One of the major problems of measuring pHe with a relaxation-based MRI contrast agent is that the longitudinal relaxivity depends on both pH and the concentration of the agent, requiring the use of a second pH-unresponsive agent to measure the concentration. Here we tested the feasibility of measuring pH with a relaxation-based dendritic MRI contrast agent in a concentration-independent manner at clinically relevant field strengths. The transverse and longitudinal relaxation times in solutions of the contrast agent (GdDOTA-4AmP)44 -G5, a G5-PAMAM dendrimer-based MRI contrast agent in water, were measured at 3 T and 7 T magnetic field strengths as a function of pH. At 3 T, longitudinal relaxivity (r1 ) increased from 7.91 to 9.65 mM(-1) s(-1) (on a per Gd(3+) basis) on changing pH from 8.84 to 6.35. At 7 T, r1 relaxivity showed pH response, albeit at lower mean values; transverse relaxivity (r2 ) remained independent of pH and magnetic field strengths. The longitudinal relaxivity of (GdDOTA-4AmP)44 -G5 exhibited a strong and reversible pH dependence. The ratio of relaxation rates R2 /R1 also showed a linear relationship in a pH-responsive manner, and this pH response was independent of the absolute concentration of (GdDOTA-4AmP)44 -G5 agent. Importantly, the nanoprobe (GdDOTA-4AmP)44 -G5 shows pH response in the range commonly found in the microenvironment of solid tumors.
REVIEWS (1985)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access POWER, CRIME, AND MYSTIFICATION. By S. Box. [London: Tavistock. 1983. 257 pp. £12.95 Hb; £6.50 Pb.] P. A. J. Waddington P. A. J. Waddington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 25, Issue 1, January 1985, Pages 73–75, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047492 Published: 01 January 1985
New phenol-containing bis(azacrown ether)s: synthesis and complexing properties (1994)

A simple synthesis of phenol-containing bis(azacrown ethers) by the treatment of N-methoxymethyl-substituted azacrowns with phenols has been elaborated. Temperature conditions have been found for selectively introducing into one phenolic ring both one and two monoazacrown ether substituents. New symmetric 14a–e and asymmetric 15 phenol-bridged bis(azacrown ether)s exhibited strong complexation abilities towards both alkali and especially alkaline-earth metal cations. All measurements have been carried out using the pH-metric titration technique. Complexation constant values in neutral (K1) and in alkaline (K2) media are in the order: monocyclic 1b–d < bicyclic ligands 14a–c. In all cases, K2 > K1. These results show participation of phenolic ions in the complex formation process. In an alkaline medium, bis(azacrown ether)s 14b, 14e and 14d showed high selectivity towards Li+, Ba+2 and Sr+2, respectively.
Increased brain tumor resection using fluorescence image guidance in a preclinical model (2004)

Additional FGR increased completeness of resection and enabled more consistent resections between cases.
Cloud-based Sybil Attack Detection Scheme for Connected Vehicles (2019)

Automated and connected vehicle technologies are among the most heavily researched automotive technologies. As a part of an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), connected vehicles provide useful information to drivers and the infrastructure to help make safer and more informed decisions. However, vehicle connectivity has made the ITS more vulnerable to security attacks that can endanger vehicle's security as well as driver's safety. Sybil attack is a very common attack, considered dangerous in a distributed network with no centralized authority. When launched against connected vehicles, it consists of controlling a set of vehicles with forged or fake identities to try to alter the measurements and data collected by the ITS, leading to sub-optimal decisions. In this paper, we provide a cloud-based detection scheme for connected vehicles against such an attack. Contrary to the previous distributed solutions in the literature, this paper presents a cloud-based solution that integrates a cloud-based authorization unit to authenticate legitimate nodes using symmetric cryptography and real-time location tracking. As a centralized authentication system, cloud computing is more reliable and secure in managing the vehicle as a device than any other infrastructure in the vehicular network and can provide real-time visibility. A trust evaluation approach is also integrated into the scheme to drive the decisions of the vehicles concerning potential collaborations. The performed experiment and security analysis show the efficacy of our proposed cloud-based solution in terms of detection rate, complexity and system requirements.