gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Vitamin D Toxicity from Overcorrection of Vitamin D Deficiency: A Review of Case Reports (2018)

Over the past two decades, vitamin D level measurements have become some of the most frequently ordered tests in the laboratory. This increase is due to a growing awareness of widespread vitamin D deficiency and scientific data suggesting the beneficial effects of vitamin D in various diseases. A literature search was carried out in PubMed for cases reporting vitamin D intoxication and overdose. Thirteen articles were included in this review. Intoxication was severe in the reported cases. Patients presented with serum vitamin D concentrations ranging between 150 and 1220 ng/mL and serum calcium concentrations between 11.1 and 23.1 mg/dL. Most of the reported patients showed symptoms of vitamin D toxicity such as vomiting, dehydration, pain, and loss of appetite. The underlying causes included manufacturing errors, overdosing by patients or prescribers, and combinations of these factors. Our literature search highlights the fact that even though vitamin D intoxication is rare, it does occur and therefore patients and prescribers should be more cognizant of the potential dangers of vitamin D overdose.
Increased Intestinal Inflammation and Digestive Dysfunction in Preterm Pigs with Severe Necrotizing Enterocolitis (2016)

The expression of a range of inflammation-related genes was increased only in pigs with severe NEC, concomitant with morphological changes and decreased hydrolase activity. A severe inflammatory response and digestive dysfunction are associated mainly with severe NEC. Still, it remains difficult to separate the initial causes of NEC and the later intestinal consequences of NEC in both infants and experimental models.
Variation within the vat (E) Allele of Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Retail Poultry Samples (2001)

In a survey of retail meat samples, twelve quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant (MICs, > or =4 mg/liter) Enterococcus faecium isolates that carried a vat(E) gene were recovered. DNA sequence comparison revealed five new variations in the vat(E) allele among 12 isolates, which were designated vat(E-4) through vat(E-8); two isolates had vat(E-1). There was no correlation between the number of base changes and the quinupristin-dalfopristin MIC.
Ion Implantation Effects of Nitrogen, Boron, and Aluminum in Hexagonal Silicon Carbide (1972)

The effects of the implantation of 14N+ 11B+, and 27A1+ ions in hexagonal crystals were studied through optical and microanalytical methods. The optical data taken for 60 keV 14N + implants indicate that little damage occurs up to a fluence of 1014 cm−2. For fluences between 1014 cm−2 and , there is a rapid increase of the optical absorption below ∼3 eV with a broad absorption tail extending into the near infrared. For larger fluences, the optical absorption close to the band edge actually decreases. The band edge shifts to lower energies with increasing fluence. The radiation damage begins to anneal at low temperatures but is not completely removed until annealing at 1400° C. Boron and aluminum behave similarly to nitrogen as far as the general behavior of the damage in the implanted regions is concerned. Boron implanted crystals with peak concentrations in the 1020 cm−3 range show weak yellow "boron" luminescence in the implanted areas after annealing. Qualitative thermoelectric power measurements indicate that boron implants up to this level do not result in conversion of n‐type layers to p‐type layers. For the aluminum implants conversion from n‐type to p‐type was observed for the highest fluence used, . The impurity profiles measured before and after annealing for crystals irradiated with different fluences show that the distribution of the impurities is broader than predicted by the LSS theory and changes with fluence. Upon annealing the impurities migrate toward the surface.
Supplementary Figure 1, Table 1 from SPARC Represses E-Cadherin and Induces Mesenchymal Transition during Melanoma Development (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1, Table 1 from SPARC Represses E-Cadherin and Induces Mesenchymal Transition during Melanoma Development
Sensemaking in a Senseless World (2018)

Sensemaking is a common activity in the analysis of a large or complex amount of information. This active area of HCI research asks how DO people come to understand such difficult sets of information? The information workplace is increasing dominated by high velocity, high volume, complex information streams. At the same time, understanding how sensemaking operates has become an urgent need in an era of increasingly unreliable news and information sources. While there has been a huge amount of work in this space, the research involved is scattered over a number of different domains with differing approaches. This workshop will focus on the most recent work in sensemaking, the activities, technologies and behaviors that people do when making sense of their complex information spaces. In the second part of the workshop we will work to synthesize a cross-disciplinary view of how sensemaking works in people, along with the human behaviors, biases, proclivities, and technologies required to support it.
Guest Editorial (2020)

The Guest Editor team of this Special Issue of the IEEE Transactions on Plasma and Science (TPS) is very excited to present this technical issue that encompasses various topics currently being studied within the field of pulsed power science and technology (PPST). Many articles for this Special Issue came from contributors (much like past Special Issues) who participated in the 2019 IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference (PPPS 2019), which comprised the 22nd Biennial PPC Conference and the 46th Annual ICOPS conference. The combined conference was held in Orlando, FL, USA, in June 23–28, 2019 ( <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">http://www.ppps2019.org/</uri> ). Both PPC and ICOPS conferences continued a strong history of serving their community by providing a platform for members to give presentations and have discussions in their field of research. Although this Special Issue was prepared during the COVID-19 Pandemic, the editorial team and reviewers worked very hard to make this a very successful Special Issue.
Uncovering the critical roles of magnesium and substance P in central nervous system injury (2013)

Dot Point Summary&#13;\n. First to apply phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the study of traumatic brain injury (TBl) and spinal cord injury (SCl)&#13;\n - led to a complete description of high energy phosphate metabolism after CNS trauma&#13;\n - led to the co-development of the lateral fluid percussion model of rodent TBI&#13;\n - was the first in vivo demonstration that brain trauma was different from ischaemia&#13;\n - identified that energy metabolism differed between brain and spinal cord injury &#13;\n. First to apply proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to the study of TBI and SCI&#13;\n - identified that lactate concentration did not reach injury thresholds after brain trauma&#13;\n - first described that n-acetyl-aspartate was an unsuitable MRS concentration standard after brain injury&#13;\n - first described that n-acetyl-aspartate declined after brain injury &#13;\n. Discovered that brain magnesium concentration declined after TBI&#13;\n - a seminal demonstration that intracellular free magnesium concentration can change in vivo&#13;\n - first to demonstrate that tissue total magnesium can decline after injury&#13;\n - first to calculate the impact of magnesium change on critical bioenergetic parameters in vivo&#13;\n - first to measure altered mitochondrial bioenergetics after TBI . Discovered that magnesium treatment improved outcome after TBI&#13;\n - first description of magnesium as a neuroprotective agent after acute brain injury&#13;\n - first to demonstrate that lowering magnesium concentration was deleterious to outcome&#13;\n - first to demonstrate a dose-response effect for magnesium and define the therapeutic window after TBI&#13;\n. First to apply diffusion weighted imaging to the study of TBI&#13;\n - identified critical early phase of vasogenic oedema following trauma&#13;\n. Discovered that neuropeptides, and in particular substance P, are involved in early oedema formation after TBI and stroke&#13;\n - first to identify neurogenic inflammation as a characteristic feature of acute brain injury&#13;\n - first to describe NK1 antagonists as a novel therapeutic approach to treat oedema&#13;\n - first to describe beneficial effects of combined NK1 antagonists and tPA in stroke&#13;\n - first to describe the efficacy of NK1 antagonists in management of intracranial pressure&#13;\n. Discovered that substance P may play a critical role in cell death in early Parkinson's disease&#13;\n - first to describe NK1 antagonists as a novel therapeutic approach to treat Parkinson's&#13;\ndisease&#13;\n. Over 6,500 citations according to Google Scholar&#13;\n. "h" index of 41&#13;\n. Associate Editor for the journal, Magnesium Research&#13;\n. 0n the editorial boards of Journal of Neurotrauma, Neurotherapeutics and Frontiers in Neurotrauma
Annular Fuel for High-Power-Density Pressurized Water Reactors: Motivation and Overview (2007)

Nuclear energy technology has to evolve continuously toward two goals: reduction of the cost of power plants and increasing their safety margins. One approach that can enhance both the economics and safety performance is the adoption of new fuel geometries that increase the fuel surface-to-volume ratio in the core. This will facilitate heat transfer to coolant at lower fuel temperatures. This paper reviews the methodology applied to develop an appropriate design of an innovative internally and externally cooled annular fuel for high-power-density pressurized water reactors (PWRs). It provides an overview of key results obtained during a U.S. Department of Energy-sponsored project that addressed thermal hydraulics, reactor physics, fuel manufacturing, and fuel performance characterization. Using this fuel, it is shown that power density uprates up to 150% can be achieved in PWRs while maintaining or improving the safety margins. If this is applied to future reactors, significant economic advantages can be realized. Even when the power level is maintained close to what it is in existing power reactors, the annular fuel will greatly enhance safety and facilitate higher burnup of the fuel.
Speaker Overlaps and ASR Errors in Meetings: Effects Before, During, and After the Overlap (2006)

We analyze automatic speech recognition (ASR) errors made by a state-of-the-art meeting recognizer, with respect to locations of overlapping speech. Our analysis focuses on recognition errors made both during an overlap and in the regions immediately preceding and following the location of overlapped speech. We devise an experimental paradigm to allow examination of the same foreground speech both with and without naturally occurring cross-talk. We then analyze ASR errors with respect to a number of factors, including the severity of the cross-talk and distance from the overlap region. In addition to reporting effects on ASR errors, we discover a number of interesting phenomena. First, we find that overlaps tend to occur at high-perplexity regions in the foreground talker's speech. Second, word sequences within overlaps have higher perplexity than those in nonoverlaps, if using trigrams or 4-grams, but the unigram perplexity within overlaps is considerably lower than that of nonoverlaps. An explanation for this behavior is proposed, based on the preponderance of multiple short dialog acts found in overlap regions. Third, we discover that the word error rate (WER) after overlaps is consistently lower than that before the overlap. This finding cannot be explained by the recognition process itself; rather, the foreground speaker appears to reduce perplexity shortly after being overlapped. Taken together, these observations suggest that the automatic modeling of meetings could benefit from a broader view of the relationship between speaker overlap and ASR in natural conversation
Microwave measurements for metal vessels (2013)

We present two different measurement techniques intended for closed metal vessels, where the objective is to measure the permittivity inside the metal vessel. This problem is relevant for many applications found in e.g. process industry. The first approach exploits the measurement of resonance frequencies, where the metal vessel is used as a microwave resonator. In the second approach, we let the boundary of the metal vessel be equipped with aperture antennas, where the aperture antennas are implemented in terms of rectangular waveguides. The waveguide apertures loads the cavity significantly and we exploit the scattering matrix parameters for the solution of the inverse problem.
Application of the Micropipette Technique to the Measurement of Cultured Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cell Viscoelastic Properties (1990)

The viscoelastic deformation of porcine aortic endothelial cells grown under static culture conditions was measured using the micropipette technique. Experiments were conducted both for control cells (mechanically or trypsin detached from the substrate) and for cells in which cytoskeletal elements were disrupted by cytochalasin B or colchicine. The time course of the aspirated length into the pipette was measured after applying a stepwise increase in aspiration pressure. To analyze the data, a standard linear viscoelastic half-space model of the endothelial cell was used. The aspirated length was expressed as an exponential function of time. The actin microfilaments were found to be the major cytoskeletal component determining the viscoelastic response of endothelial cells grown in static culture.
Organization and statistical simulation of hierarchical multiprocessors (1985)

In order to provide high performance computing, the development of large scale multiprocessors is desirable. In the past, the performance of such processors has been substantially reduced by switching delays in the interconnection network and the inability to effectively use private caches due to cache problems. Meanwhile the design and development of such systems has been hindered by the large amount of time required to simulate large multiprocessors.
This thesis proposes solutions to both problems, through a new family of multiprocessor architectures and new techniques for large system simulation. The multiprocessor architectures are based on the use of private, write-deferred caches with distributed multicache control which take advantage of the broadcasting ability inherent in shared bus interconnection networks.
The thesis develops methods to extend the distributed control scheme to networks of multiple, hierarchical shared buses, thus allowing even larger systems. The extended control uses hierarchical caches as coherency guardians for groups of private caches. The hierarchical shared bus interconnection network allows direct access from all of the processors to all of the memory locations. The thesis analyses several specific architectures which incorporate the extended control and concludes that a cluster approach with distributed memory is best.
The hierarchical simulation methodology developed in this thesis significantly reduces the amount of time required to simulate large multiprocessor architectures. The architectures are divided into a hierarchy of subsystems, with each subsystem simulated in detailed. The simulated subsystem behavior is then used when simulating the next higher level subsystems. The thesis demonstrates that reductions in simulation time of two orders of magnitude are possible.
The thesis proposes methods for statistically capturing the behavior of subsystems as part of the recursive simulation strategy. Comparisons with direct simulations are performed which show that the statistical methods maintain good fidelity. Thus the new simulation methodologies are shown to be both accurate and efficient.
Using the hierarchical simulation methodology, the thesis demonstrates that the proposed architecture is capable of nearly linear speedup for systems composed of over 100 processors. It is found that the extended cache control system produces little overhead, and that hierarchical caches can further reduce global bus bandwidth requirements.
Evaluation of neutropenia and neutrophilia in preterm infants (2012)

Objective: Neutrophil counts are used routinely as part of the sepsis evaluation in newborn infants. In this article, we review the normal blood neutrophil concentrations and the clinical approach to neutropenia and neutrophilia in the neonatal period. Methods: A literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus, and the electronic archive of abstracts presented at the annual meetings of the Pediatric Academic Societies. Results: Neutropenia and neutrophilia are documented frequently in premature infants. Neutropenia can be seen in up to 8% of all infants admitted to neonatal intensive care. Neutrophilia is even more common, reported in up to 40% of all preterm infants. Conclusions: Neutrophil counts should be carefully evaluated in premature neonates. Maternal and perinatal history, physical examination, and a limited laboratory assessment is usually adequate for making a diagnosis in most infants.
Frailty and Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2018)

Among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, our measure of frailty (modified from the Fried frailty phenotype) was associated with incident and longer-duration hospitalization, and with poor quality of life.
RNA sequencing unravels the genetics of refractory/relapsed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Prognostic and therapeutic implications (2016)

Despite therapeutic improvements, a sizable number of patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia still have a poor outcome. To unravel the genomic background associated with refractoriness, we evaluated the transcriptome of 19 cases of refractory/early relapsed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (discovery cohort) by performing RNA-sequencing on diagnostic material. The incidence and prognostic impact of the most frequently mutated pathways were validated by Sanger sequencing on genomic DNA from diagnostic samples of an independent cohort of 49 cases (validation cohort), including refractory, relapsed and responsive cases. Combined gene expression and fusion transcript analyses in the discovery cohort revealed the presence of known oncogenes and identified novel rearrangements inducing overexpression, as well as inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Mutation analysis identified JAK/STAT and RAS/PTEN as the most commonly disrupted pathways in patients with chemorefractory disease or early relapse, frequently in association with NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutations. The analysis on the validation cohort documented a significantly higher risk of relapse, inferior overall survival, disease-free survival and event-free survival in patients with JAK/STAT or RAS/PTEN alterations. Conversely, a significantly better survival was observed in patients harboring only NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutations: this favorable prognostic effect was abrogated by the presence of concomitant mutations. Preliminary in vitro assays on primary cells demonstrated sensitivity to specific inhibitors. These data document the negative prognostic impact of JAK/STAT and RAS/PTEN mutations in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and suggest the potential clinical application of JAK and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in patients harboring mutations in these pathways.
Metabolic responses of osteochondral allografts to re-warming after MOPS(TM) preservation versus standard of care storage (2016)

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects ~90% of people older than 65, and associated costs top $100 billion annually in the U.S. One treatment available for large cartilage defects seen in osteoarthritis is osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation. Currently, tissue banks store OCAs at 4 degree C and implantation is recommended within 28 days after procurement due to significant loss in chondrocyte viability after this time. Because mandatory disease screening protocols typically take 14 days to complete, the window for surgical implantation is narrow, which severely limits clinical use. The MOPS(TM) protocol can maintain OCAs for 56 days. In this study, OCAs stored using MOPS(TM) and SOC protocol were assessed for cell viability and metabolic biomarker production.
The functionally defined "face area" is engaged by subordinate-level recognition (2018)

Department of Psychology
Validación de la versión en castellano del cuestionario 'Community of Inquiry' (Validation of the Spanish Version of the ‘Community of Inquiry’ Survey) (2019)

Spanish Abstract: Presentamos el estudio de la fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario 'Community of Inquiry' (CoI) en su version espanola. El modelo CoI concibe la ensenanza-aprendizaje en entornos on-line como proceso de indagacion, a traves del cual los participantes colaboran en el discurso y reflexion critica para construir conocimiento personal y llegar a un entendimiento mutuo. Consecuentemente, el modelo CoI identifica la presencia de tres dimensiones: a) la presencia cognitiva, referida al grado en que los participantes son capaces de construir significado y conocimiento a traves de la comunicacion continua, la reflexion y la discusion; b) la social, definida como la habilidad de los participantes de identificarse con la comunidad, comunicarse y desarrollar relaciones interpersonales; c) la docente, referida al diseno, guia y direccion, por parte del profesorado, de procesos cognitivos y sociales con el proposito de lograr resultados de aprendizaje significativos en los estudiantes. La validacion del cuestionario en el contexto de ensenanza a distancia espanol muestra resultados satisfactorios desde el punto de vista de la validez de constructo y la fiabilidad como consistencia interna (alfa> 0.90 para cada dimension), confirmando la utilidad e interes de este instrumento en investigaciones que pretendan analizar y mejorar el desarrollo de procesos educativos a traves de comunidades de indagacion. 

English Abstract: We present the study of the reliability and validity of the 'Community of Inquiry' (CoI) survey in its Spanish version. The CoI model conceives teaching-learning in on-line environments as a process of inquiry, through which the participants collaborate in the discourse and critical reflection to build personal knowledge and reach a mutual understanding. Consequently, the CoI model identifies the presence of three dimensions: a) the cognitive presence, referred to the degree to which the participants are capable of constructing meaning and knowledge through continuous communication, reflection and discussion; b) the social presence, defined as the ability of participants to identify with the community, communicate and develop interpersonal relationships; c) the teaching presence, referred to the design, guidance and direction, on the part of the faculty, of cognitive and social processes with the purpose of achieving significant learning results in the students. The validation of the survey in the context of Spanish distance learning shows satisfactory results from the point of view of construct validity and reliability as internal consistency, (alpha> 0.90 for each dimension), confirming the usefulness and interest of this instrument in investigations that seek to analyze and improve the development of educational processes through communities of inquiry.