gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Trajectories of Glycemic Control on Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes: A Semiparametric Joint Modeling Approach (2010)

Data on the effect of trajectories in long-term glycemia and all-cause mortality are lacking. The authors studied the effect of trajectories in long-term glycemic control on all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. A cohort of 8,812 veterans with type 2 diabetes was assembled retrospectively using Veterans Affairs registry data. For each veteran in the cohort, a 3-month person-period data set was created from April 1997 to May 2006. The average duration of follow-up was 4.5 years. The overall mortality rate was 15.3%. Using a novel approach for joint modeling of time to death and longitudinal measurements of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, after adjustment for all significant baseline covariates, baseline HbA1c was found to be significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 3.6) (i.e., a 1% increase in baseline HbA1c level was associated with an average 2-fold increase in mortality risk). Similarly, the slope of the HbA1c trajectory was marginally significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio = 7.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.9, 57.1) after adjustment for baseline covariates (i.e., a 1% increase in HbA1c level over 3 months was associated with a 22% increase in mortality risk). The authors conclude that a positive trajectory of long-term hyperglycemia is associated with increased mortality.
First Principles Investigation into Graphene-PbSe MidWave IR (MWIR) Photodetector Physics (2019)

Polycrystalline PbSe is an established low cost material for mid wave-IR photodetection. In this work, we describe a novel design of PbSe MWIR detector that incorporates a graphene layer resulting in three possible distinct modes of operation, depending on the interface design between the functionalized PbSe and Graphene. Using Density Functional Theory (DFT) based simulations we investigate the chemistry of this interface, in terms of back-bonding as well as van-der Waals force, that give rise to rich behavior that is obtainable from this material stack, promising radical new designs for scaled high performance CMOS integrable MWIR photodetectors.
Supplementary figure 2 from Estrogen Receptor α Promotes Breast Cancer by Reprogramming Choline Metabolism (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Metabolic profiles of breast cancer cells in response to estrogen treatment&lt;/p&gt;
Investigation of Sterol Chemistry to Retard the Aging of Asphalt Binders (2017)

The addition of petroleum-derived oils (aromatic or paraffinic) and bioderived oils (typically low-viscosity, unsaturated hydrocarbons modified to remove acid functionality) to bitumen has become a burgeoning business to facilitate the use of increasing amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement, reclaimed asphalt shingles (RAS), and combinations. These additives have been marketed as softening agents, to reduce high- and low-temperature performance grades, and as rejuvenators. Given the aging mechanism of bitumen and chemical changes that occur during aging, it is unlikely that any true form of rejuvenation is possible. In this paper data are provided on investigations into the use of a chemical class known as sterols, which can be obtained from seed oils and tall oil to retard the aging of bitumen. Investigations were carried out with RAS, with re-refined engine oil bottoms, and with the accelerated aging of bitumen and bituminous mixtures that contained sterol chemistry. The results demonstrated that, relative to controls without sterol, increases in the bitumen rheological index were reduced, and decreases in the colloidal index were reduced, as were decreases in the difference between bitumen low-temperature stiffness critical temperature and bitumen m-value critical temperature (ΔTc). Investigations with atomic force microscopy of bitumen samples with sterol additive, compared with those without, were used to understand the sterol additive function as the bitumen was aged.
Photo-oxygenation via electron transfer and its susceptibility to catalysis (1980)

The photo-oxygenation of diphenylacetylene (1) is efficiently sensitized (via electron transfer) with dicyanoanthracene (Φ=ca. 0·15), but is sensitized very poorly (Φ < 0·001) with tetracyanoanthracene (TCA); catalysis by acids and nucleophiles substantially increases the quantum yield of photo-oxygenation through reactions competing with the reverse electron transfer between (TCA)–˙ and (1)+˙.
Uncertain hierarchical modeling (2002)

For modeling complex systems, it is natural to reduce the system into subsystems and model each subsystem. The approach taken in this paper is that it is desired that a model should be consistent with the modeling methodology. Further it is important to explicitly represent the inaccuracies of the model as part of the model. Within this paper, uncertain hierarchical modeling is further motivated. A hierarchy, interconnection structure, and a fundamental component data type are proposed and the choices motivated. The framework is proposed with the intention of being implemented on a computer and having a family of models of different resolution representing a system.
Further characterization of an antigenic site of HIV-I gp120 recognized by virus neutralizing human monoclonal anti bodies (1993)

The pattern of reactivities of these three HIV-1-neutralizing HuMAb developed in these studies is similar to, but distinct from other human and rodent MAb that recognize this antigenic site of HIV-1 gp120.
A National Plan for Physical Activity: The Enabling Role of the Built Environment (2009)

The built environment is an enabler or disabler of physical activity. Creating more walkable environments is an essential step in averting what is currently a market failure where the supply and demand for walkable environments is misaligned. The desire to be more physically active would be supported through investments in walking, biking, and transit. Concentration of development within existing urban areas supported by transit and implementing pricing strategies can support physical activity.
3D printed gradient index dielectric metasurface for beam steering applications (2017)

A gradient index dielectric metasurface composed of air holes of different dimensions in a bulk dielectric, is fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) polyjet printing and is combined with inductive and capacitive copper grids to have an LC resonance. The latter metal-dielectric metasurface is then used as a phase-gradient superstrate in a Fabry-Perot cavity at microwave frequencies. Performed simulations and measurements show good performances in steering the emitted radiated beam to an off-normal direction.
Novel Aromatic Polymers with Pendant Lithium Perfluoroalkylsulfonate or Sulfonimide Groups (2000)

Styrenes with pendant lithium perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate or sulfonimide groups readily homopolymerized and copolymerized with olefinic monomers to provide moderate to high molecular weight ionomers. Comonomers included styrene, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, and acrylates. In addition, soluble polymers containing both mobile lithium ions and immobilized tetraalkylammonium cations were prepared. Cross-linked polymers were obtained by copolymerization of the functionalized styrenes with difunctional comonomers or by cocuring with an unsaturated elastomer. Polyesters with pendant lithium perfluoroalkylsulfonate groups were obtained by condensation polymerization of functionalized isophthalate monomers with bis(hydroxyethyl)terephthalate. Surprisingly, most of the ethylene glycol units in the polymers were converted into poly(ethylene glycol) segments during polymerization. Lithium ion conductivities of 10-4−10-3 S/cm were shown by selected polymers in solution or as solvent swollen films.
Publisher Correction: Localization of RalB signaling at endomembrane compartments and its modulation by autophagy (2019)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Mediators Involved in the Immunomodulatory Effects of Apoptotic Cells (2007)

Immunomodulatory properties are attributed to apoptotic cells. These properties have been used to modulate allogeneic immune responses in experimental transplantation settings. In independent studies, apoptotic cell infusion has been shown to favor hematopoietic cell engraftment, to increase heart graft survival, and to delay the lethal onset of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The goal of this review was to discuss how apoptotic cell infusion interferes with graft rejection or host rejection (i.e., GVHD) and to focus on the potential mediators or "perpetuators" involved in apoptotic cell-induced immunomodulation. Particular emphasis on apoptotic cell phagocytosis, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta secretion, and regulatory T cell induction was performed. Stimulating "naturally" immunosuppressive molecules (i.e., TGF-beta) or immunomodulatory cells ("alternatively-activated" macrophages, certain dendritic cell subsets, or regulatory T cells) in a physiological manner by using apoptotic cell infusion can be a promising way to induce tolerance.
Conversion of gyrotron TEon-mode mixtures into a linearly polarized HE11 wave (1983)

This work reports measurements on mode converters to transform circular electric gyrotron TEg <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</inf> -mode compositions (mainly TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">02</inf> ) into the linearly polarized hybrid HE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> wave which is in many respects ideal for use in quasioptical launching systems for electron cyclotron resonance plasma heating by means of high power gyrotrons. Periodically modulated wall mode converter sections (sinusoidal m=0 radius modulation) convert TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</inf> mode mixtures into a nearly pure TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</inf> mode with a measured efficiency of about 98 % at 28 GHz. The TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</inf> wave is used for long distance transmission through smooth overmoded waveguideswith optimized tapers and corrugated bends. In a second converter with constant diameter and periodically modulated curvature in one plane (m=1 distortion) the circular symmetric TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</inf> mode is transferred into the nearly linearly polarized TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> mode with an efficiency of about 97 %. The Gaussian HE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> mode with almost no cross-polarization is produced in a circumferentially corrugated TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> to HE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> mode converter. The overall efficiency of the complete microwave system is about 90 %.
Preparation and characterization of antibodies to o‐phosphotyrosine and their use for identification of phosphotyrosine‐containing proteins (1984)

To facilitate the identification of phosphotyrosine (P-tyr)-containing proteins, rabbit polyclonal antibodies and mouse monoclonal antibody specifically reactive to P-tyr were prepared by hyperimmunizing the animals with P-tyr-conjugated bovine serum albumin or poly-L-lysine. As determined by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the antibodies reacted with P-tyr-conjugated target antigens but not with those conjugated with phosphoserine (P-ser) or phosphothreonine (P-thr). This immune reaction was strongly blocked by 2 mM P-tyr and phenylphosphate but not by P-ser or P-thr. The antibodies were capable of isolating, as the major P-tyr-containing components, a 170kd protein (most likely the EGF receptor) from EGF-stimulated, 32P-labelled A431 cells, and 130kd and 60kd proteins from Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-transformed chick cell lysate which had been labelled in vitro with gamma-32P-ATP. Immunofluorescent staining of RSV-transformed cells and A431 cells showed specific localization of P-tyr-containing proteins in the cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and nucleolus-like structures. The results demonstrated the usefulness of the antibodies for identification or isolation of P-tyr-containing proteins.
Modified DFT polyphase SBC filter banks with almost perfect reconstruction (2002)

The modified DFT (MDFT) filter bank is a highly efficient pseudo-QMF filter bank with almost perfect reconstruction. It has been shown that the MDFT filter bank provides a computational efficiency which is comparable with or in some cases even higher than that of the well-known cosine modulated filter bank. Additionally, the MDFT filter bank opens new applications as subband coding or as a transmultiplexer filter bank. The paper shows how almost perfect reconstruction is achieved in the MDFT filter bank, i.e. how adjacent-spectrum aliasing is cancelled, how nonadjacent-spectrum is suppressed, and how amplitude distortions are minimized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ten-Year Review of a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Textured versus Smooth Subglandular Silicone Gel Breast Implants (2000)

Although textured silicone breast implants have been shown to reduce the incidence of capsular contracture, there is little evidence if this effect is maintained in the long term. It has been 10 years since the double-blind randomized trial in which 53 patients received either Mentor smooth (26) or textured silicone gel implants (27). Of the 14 patients who were not known to have developed a contracture in the smooth group, 11 were reviewed. Three had bilateral contractures. In the textured group, 18 of the 24 patients not known to have contractures were reviewed. None had developed contractures. At 10 years, the incidence of capsular contracture was 65 percent of patients with smooth implants (an increase of 6 percent on the 3-year results) and 11 percent for the textured implant patients (no change on the 3-year results). A database containing the details of 1100 patients reinforces these results by examining the differences in contracture rates of textured, smooth, and polyurethanecoated implants. The effect of submuscular placement on reducing contracture rates regardless of texturing is discussed, as is the apparent increase in capsular contracture in patients who smoke. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 106: 786, 2000.)
A kinetic study of the oxidative deamination of L‐glutamate by Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus glutamate dehydrogenase using a variety of coenzymes (1984)

The NAD+-specific glutamate dehydrogenase from Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics in contrast to the enzyme from several other sources, and thus gives linear double-reciprocal plots of initial-rate data. The initial-rate parameters have been determined for this bacterial dehyrogenase in the direction of oxidative deamination. The use of alternative coenzymes leads to some conclusions about the order of substrate addition. An investigation of the pH dependence of this reaction reveals that the binding of oxidised coenzyme is independent of pH over the range 6-9. The kinetic data are consistent with an ordered addition of coenzyme prior to glutamate, the reverse of the mechanism derived with ox glutamate dehydrogenase in the presence of ADP.
F titration in a hf laser pumped by a nonchain reaction (2000)

High-energy electron beams have been used to produce HF chemical lasers operating either on the chain reaction with high specific energy (100 J/I) or on the nonchain reaction with lower specific energy (10 J/I). This initiation is usually performed by injection of an electron beam along the optical cavity axis or perpendicular to this axis.
Annotation: THE ANAEMIA OF CHRONIC DISORDERS (1971)

Although the anaemia associated with chronic disorders is one of the most frequently encountered forms of anaemia, particularly in hospital patients, it has not received the distinction which it deserves, in part, perhaps, because of the lack of an appropriate name. The term ‘simple chronic anaemia’ is most inappropriate because the pathogenesis of the anaemia involves the delicate control mechanisms of erythropoiesis and these are not simple. The title ‘anaemia of chronic infections’ is much too restrictive, for the anaemia occurs in patients with cancer, lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis, collagen vascular diseases, fractures, severe tissue injury and many other disorders. ‘Anaemia of chronic disorders’, though a less restrictive title, is unsatisfactory because many other types of anaemia occur in these disorders, such as blood loss, overt haemolytic anaemia of various types, reactions to drugs, myelophthisic anaemia, and the anaemia of renal failure. Furthermore, the name gives no hint as to the diagnostic features or pathogenesis of the anaemia. A more descriptive, but somewhat more cumbersome, title might be ‘sideropenic anaemia with reticuloendothelial siderosis.’
Serial analysis of MLL‐AF4 chimeric message through successful bone marrow transplantation in a patient with t(4;11)‐positive infant‐ALL (2000)

A 28-month-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) showing a t(4;11)(q21;q23) karyotype successfully underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at relapse. The chimeric MLL-AF4 message on her bone marrow (BM) specimens, examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, was detectable at diagnosis, relapse, and just before BMT but became undetectable following BMT. She has since maintained complete remission. This observation suggests that detection of the chimeric message in BM may be useful to predict clinical outcome in patients with t(4;11) ALL. Am.
HPD bubble chamber programming meeting : August 1967 (1967)

The critical role of the Auger parameter in providing insight into both initial state and final state factors affecting measured XPS binding energies is illustrated by analysis of Ni 2p(3/2) and L(3)M(45)M(45) peaks as well as the Auger parameters of nickel alloys, halides, oxide, hydroxide and oxy-hydroxide. Analyses of the metal and alloys are consistent with other works, showing that final state relaxation shifts, ΔR, are determined predominantly by changes in the d electron population and are insensitive to inter-atomic charge transfer. The nickel halide Auger parameters are dominated by initial state effects, Δε, with increasing positive charge on the core nickel ion induced by increasing electronegativity of the ligands. This effect is much greater than the final state shifts; however, the degree of covalency is reflected in the Wagner plot where the more polarizable iodide and bromide have greater ΔR. The initial state shift for NiO is much smaller than those of Ni(OH)(2) or NiOOH and the effective oxidation state is much less than that inferred from the average electronegativity of the ligand(s). Auger parameter analysis indicates that the bonding in NiO appears to have stronger contributions from initial state charge transfer from the oxygen ligands than that in the hydroxide and oxyhydroxide consistent with the considerable differences in the Ni-O bond lengths in these compounds with some relaxation of this state occurring during final state phenomena. The Auger parameter of NiOOH is, however, shifted positively, like the iodide, indicating greater polarizability of the ligands and covalency in this bonding. There is support for more direct use of relative bond lengths in interpreting differences between related compounds rather than more general electronegativity or similar parameters.
International consensus on diagnosis and management of Dravet syndrome (2022)

This International DS Consensus, informed by both experienced global caregiver and physician voices, provides a strong overview of the impact of DS, therapeutic goals and optimal management strategies incorporating the recent therapeutic advances in DS, and evolving disease-modifying therapies.
The Enosys Markets data integration platform (2001)

Enosys Markets offers a state-of-the-art data integration software platform to support the development of the next generation of eBusiness applications that deliver value by providing new levels of function for customer relationship management, e-commerce, supply chain management, and decision support. These applications require that data be integrated from information sources that exist both within and across organizational boundaries. The Enosys Markets data integration architecture and product family provides a complete end-to-end XML-based solution for integrating and querying distributed information sources. It incorporates advanced research into XML and database technology. We present the product architecture and components, discuss the key technical challenges, and outline the technical concepts and innovations employed in the Enosys platform.
Hepatic microsomal metabolism of the anthelmintic benzimidazole fenbendazole: enhanced inhibition of cytochrome P450 reactions by oxidized metabolites of the drug (1992)

Potentiation of the anthelmintic action of benzimidazole carbamates, such as fenbendazole [methyl 5(6)-(phenylthio)-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate], has been noted during concurrent administration of benzimidazoles that possess no intrinsic anthelmintic activity. This study investigated the possibility that inhibition of P450 enzymes by fenbendazole and its metabolites could play a role in the potentiation phenomenon. Fenbendazole underwent P450-mediated oxidation in microsomes from untreated rat liver to the sulfoxide and (4'-hydroxyphenyl)thio metabolites [2.92 and 2.87 nmol/(mg of protein.h)]. Pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital or dexamethasone enhanced sulfoxidation by 1.9- and 2.9-fold, respectively. 4'-Hydroxylation was increased slightly (by 28%) by phenobarbital and decreased slightly (by 41%) by dexamethasone. Induction also promoted further metabolism of the sulfoxide to fenbendazole sulfone. Immunoinhibition and chemical inhibition studies suggested that P450 3A proteins and the flavin-containing monooxygenase are involved in sulfoxide and sulfone formation whereas 4'-hydroxylation involved the P450s 2C11, 2C6, and 2B1, depending on the type of induction. In untreated rat liver, the sulfoxide and (4'-hydroxyphenyl)thio metabolites of fenbendazole were relatively potent inhibitors of P450-mediated androstenedione 16 alpha-, 16 beta-, and 6 beta-hydroxylation (IC50 values of 42, 36, and 74 microM, respectively); 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity was uninhibited. In contrast, fenbendazole and its sulfone metabolite were not inhibitors of these reactions. Mixed-function oxidase activities in phenobarbital-induced rat hepatic microsomes were refractory to inhibition by most compounds, but P450 1A1 mediated activities in microsomes from beta-naphthoflavone-induced rat liver were quite susceptible to inhibition by fenbendazole sulfoxide. Studies with two analogous sulfoxides yielded similar findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comments on:Effects of clarithromycin in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (2007)

"Comments on:Effects of clarithromycin in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis." Current Medical Research and Opinion, 23(11), pp. 2763–2764