gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cultural Heritage Experience with Virtual Reality According to User Preferences (2009)

In this paper, we present the VREditor, an easy-to-use authoring tool for annotating a scene with augmented reality features (images, videos, animations, sounds, and texts). The output of this editor is the creation of an augmented reality world. The user lives in this generated virtual world and he can choose according to his preferences (for instance, artistic, political, cultural, military data, etc.), which augmented reality features he desires to be presented to him, having as a result to live an immersive experience virtually.
The Transient Temperature Prediction in the Deepwater Riserless Well (2016)

The offshore wells are subject to hostile environments of such areas as the North Sea, GOM and the high arctic. The strong loop ocean currents and induced eddies can pose significant problems for deep-water well. Broadly divided ocean currents, surface currents, bottom currents and vertical currents, interact with the deep water well structures as one of environmental forces. One of the engineering challenges in deep water drilling is temperature gradient. In the past the temperature in the wellbore was ignored and an isothermal system was assumed because no practical means existed to determine the well bore temperature profile. But the fact is that the negative thermal gradient exists between surface to seafloor and it becomes positive below the seafloor. The extreme values could be as low as 40°F and as high as 150∼200°F. In addition to low temperature condition, the significant heat exchange also occurs for high temperature and geothermal reservoirs. The universal matrix form of implicit finite differential equations is introduced to predict the temperature profile of the fluid in the well and near-wellbore formation. This paper is to combine various factors together to derive a solver for the transient temperature modeling during the dirculation of riserless drilling, which can be the basis to describe the near-wellbore well stability under geo-thermal stress and predict the annular pressure during HPHT injection or production, which can also be used to including but not limited to the dynamic temperature profile and bottom-hole temperature, improving cementing program design, casing thermal stresses to be determined.
<i>Chlorella</i> Virus PBCV-1 Replication Is Not Affected by Cytoskeletal Disruptors (1992)

The majority, if not the entire life cycle, of the large dsDNA-containing algal virus PBCV-1 occurs in localized regions in the cytoplasm. Thirteen drugs that disrupt the cytoskeleton had no effect on PBCV-1 replication at concentrations which inhibited host growth. Therefore, host cytoskeletal elements do not appear to be important in PBCV-1 morphogenesis.
A peak to average power ratio reduction of multicarrier CDMA using selected mapping (2003)

MC-CDMA is a very promising technique for high-bit-rate and high capacity transmission in mobile communications. One disadvantage of multicarrier modulation is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) that results in nonlinear distortion at a high power amplifier (HPA) and the degradation of BER. Various methods for reducing PAPR have been proposed for OFDM. It is known that the partial transmit sequence (PTS) and the selected mapping (SLM) are effective for OFDM. The PTS has been applied to MC-CDMA and shown that it is effective for reducing the PAPR in MC-CDMA as well. However, the effects of SLM for MC-CDMA have not been clarified. We investigate the effects of SLM for MC-CDMA. We also investigate phase sequences in the SLM that is suitable for reducing the PAPR in MC-CDMA. We show that the SLM is more effective than the PTS at the same amount of side information.
Integrated waveguide and micro-ring resonator polarizers with 2D layered graphene oxide films (2020)

We experimentally demonstrate integrated waveguide and micro-ring resonator polarizers incorporating two-dimensional layered graphene oxide films, with a high polarization dependent loss of 53.8 dB and a high polarization extinction ratio of 8.3 dB, respectively.
Hibernating Myocardium (2004)

The inability to reproduce spontaneous ventricular fibrillation in an animal model of chronic coronary artery disease has limited advances in understanding mechanisms of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Swine with hibernating myocardium arising from a chronic left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion have a high rate of SCD that parallels the poor clinical survival of medically treated patients with hibernating myocardium. Kaplan-Meier analysis (n=426) demonstrated a cumulative mortality of 49% after 5 months that was almost entirely attributable to spontaneous SCD. Using implantable loop recorders, ventricular fibrillation was documented as the arrhythmic mechanism of death in all animals (n=10) and was usually preceded by ventricular tachycardia (n=8). Physiological studies before SCD (n=7) demonstrated total LAD occlusion and collateral-dependent myocardium (n=5), excluding acute occlusion as a major trigger of arrhythmia. The physiological substrate of hibernating myocardium was present before SCD, with reductions in LAD perfusion (SCD 0.79+/-0.13 versus 0.80+/-0.08 mL/min per g) and wall thickening (SCD 28+/-3% versus 22+/-3%) that were similar to survivors (n=14). Triphenyltetrazolium chloride infarcts among animals with SCD were infrequent (4 of 32) and small, averaging 4.6% of LV mass. Histology (n=4) showed postmortem changes but no acute inflammation nor contraction band necrosis. These data support the notion that hibernating myocardium is a pathophysiological substrate at high risk of SCD. This is independent of changes in functional stenosis severity, acute myocardial necrosis, or fibrotic scar. Thus, regional adaptations that promote myocyte survival in the setting of chronic repetitive ischemia result in a substrate with enhanced vulnerability to lethal arrhythmias and SCD.
A state parameter-based model for static recrystallization interacting with precipitation (2016)

In the present work, we develop a state parameter-based model for the treatment of simultaneous precipitation and recrystallization based on a single-parameter representation of the total dislocation density and a multi-particle multi-component framework for precipitation kinetics. In contrast to conventional approaches, the interaction of particles with recrystallization is described with a non-zero grain boundary mobility even for the case where the Zener pressure exceeds the driving pressure for recrystallization. The model successfully reproduces the experimentally observed particle-induced recrystallization stasis and subsequent continuation in micro-alloyed steel with a single consistent set of input parameters. In addition, as a state parameter-based approach, our model naturally supports introspection into the physical mechanisms governing the competing recrystallization and recovery processes.
Person/vehicle classification based on deep belief networks (2014)

In this paper, we investigated the deep learning model for object classification. Robust classification networks were trained based on Deep Belief Networks (DBN) combined with several object representations included image pixel value, feature histogram by Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) operator and eigen-features to distinguish four categories: pedestrian, biker, vehicle and others in the real scene. In addition, an image dataset called NUPTERC, in which the sample images collected from real surveillance video and Internet, was built to test the proposed methods. Experiments based on NUPTERC dataset demonstrated that the proposed deep learning architecture could achieve superior person vehicle classification performance under illumination changes, large pose variations and different resolution.
Effect of Microstructure on Performances of Hydrogen and Oxygen Electrodes for Reversible SOEC/SOFC (2015)

We have developed high performance electrodes for reversible SOEC/SOFCs. Double-layer hydrogen electrodes, consisting of a mixed conducting samaria-doped ceria (SDC) with highly dispersed Ni–Co catalysts as the catalyst layer (CL) and, on top of it, a thin Ni–SDC cermet as the current collecting layer (CCL), exhibited highly reversible performance at 800°C by controlling the microstructure. We have also succeeded in enhancing the reversible performances of LSCF–SDC composite oxygen electrodes accompanied by high durability.
Clinically-translated silica nanoparticles as dual-modality cancer-targeted probes for image-guided surgery and interventions (2012)

Early diagnosis and treatment of melanoma are essential to minimizing morbidity and mortality. The presence of lymph node metastases is a vital prognostic predictor, and accurate identification by imaging has important implications for disease staging, prognosis, and clinical outcome. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping procedures are limited by a lack of intraoperative visualization tools that can aid accurate determination of disease spread and delineate nodes from adjacent critical neural and vascular structures. Newer methods for circumventing these issues can exploit a variety of imaging tools, including biocompatible particle-based platforms coupled with portable device technologies for use with image-guided surgical and interventional procedures. We describe herein a clinically-translated, integrin-targeting platform for use with both PET and optical imaging that meets a number of key design criteria for improving SLN tissue localization and retention, target-to-background ratios, and clearance from the site of injection and the body. The use of such agents for selectively probing critical cancer targets may elucidate important insights into cellular and molecular processes that govern metastatic disease spread. Coupled with portable, real-time optical camera systems, we show that pre-operative PET imaging findings for mapping metastatic disease in clinically-relevant larger-animal models can be readily translated into the intraoperative setting for direct visualization of the draining tumor lymphatics and fluorescent SLN/s with histologic correlation. The specificity of this platform, relative to the standard-of-care radiotracer, (18)F-FDG, for potentially discriminating metastatic disease from inflammatory processes is also discussed in the setting of surgically-based or interventionally-driven therapies.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF AROMATIC 1‐DEUTERIO ALDEHYDES (1976)

Abstract In einer Eintopfreaktion können durch Umsetzung der aromatischen Carbonsäurechloride (II) mit dem Phospholen (I) und anschließend mit Deuteriumoxid deuterierte Aldehyde (IV) mit 100% Deuteriumgehalt erhalten werden.
A Two-Tone Radar Sensor for Concurrent Detection of Absolute Distance and Relative Movement for Gesture Sensing (2017)

This letter presents a two-tone radar sensor system that can concurrently detect both absolute distance and relative movement. In contrast to the traditional two-tone radar, the proposed radar sensor can measure both distance and vibration. Moreover, it is more accurate in predicting the phase shift by leveraging the accuracy of nonlinear phase demodulation in the digital domain. Unlike the frequency-modulated continuous wave radar, the proposed radar system has simpler system architecture and does not require broadband signals. With a tone difference of 40MHz, the radar system can detect a distance up to 1.875m without ambiguity. Experiments show that the proposed radar system was able to not only capture the delaying movement of a Newton's cradle but to measure the distance with mm accuracy as well. It successfully detected the gesture motion of virtual slider, making it promising for sensing action gestures for human-computer interaction.
Investigation of solid-fuel, dual-mode combustion ramjets (1992)

An investigation was conducted to determine the feasibility of using a solid-fuel, dual-combustion mode ramjet (DMRJ) for hypersonic vehicles (e.g., tactical missiles) operating at a design point of Mach 6 and an altitude of 24.4 km. The analysis showed that, with a supersonic combustion efficiency of 90%, the DMRJ can exceed the performance of the solid-fuel ramjet (SFRJ) by as much as 20% at near stoichiometric fuel-to-air ratios, neglecting heat and wall shear losses in the supersonic combustor. It also seems that the combustion efficiency must be greater than 70% in order for the DMRJ to outperform the conventional SFRJ at the chosen design point. Chemical kinetics considerations revealed that the dual-mode configuration enables the efficient use of solid hydrocarbon fuels due to the existence of highly reactive species in the supersonic combustor, after the completion of the initial slow reaction stages in the subsonic gas generator. Preliminary laboratory tests demonstrated the operation of such a DMRJ system, including the establishment of sustained combustion in the supersonic chamber.
On the perceptual weighting function for phase quantization of speech (2002)

This paper addresses the issue on the utilization of the perceptual characteristics of the human auditory system for the phase quantization of speech signals. Taking into account the phase quantization noise, we propose the perceptual weighting function to make the quantization noise below the threshold of human perception. The weighting function is derived from psychoacoustic experiments in which the just noticeable difference (JND) of phase is measured for the zero-phase, flat-spectrum periodic tones. Preliminary experimental results on vowels of speech signals demonstrate that the proposed weighting is very effective for the quantization of phase information.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Of the three tegument proteins that package mRNA in herpes simplex virions, one (VP22) transports the mRNA to uninfected cells for expression prior to viral infection. (2002)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Of the three tegument proteins that package mRNA in herpes simplex virions, one (VP22) transports the mRNA to uninfected cells for expression prior to viral infection.
Synaptic Membrane Synthesis in Rats Depends on Dietary Sufficiency of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Selenium: Relevance for Alzheimer’s Disease (2017)

Chronic consumption of a diet enriched with nutritional precursors of phospholipids, including uridine and the polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), was shown previously to enhance levels of brain phospholipids and synaptic proteins in rodents. Vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium may directly affect the breakdown or synthesis of membrane phospholipids. The present study investigated the necessity of antioxidants for the effectiveness of supplementation with uridine plus DHA and EPA (as fish oil) in rats. Rats were randomized to four treatment groups and received, for 6 weeks, one of four experimental diets, i.e., a diet low in antioxidants, a diet high in antioxidants, a diet low in antioxidants supplemented with DHA+EPA+uridine, or a diet high in antioxidants supplemented with DHA+EPA+uridine. On completion of dietary treatment, rats were sacrificed, and brain levels of phospholipids, synaptic proteins, and two enzymes involved in phospholipid synthesis (choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, PCYT1A, and choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase, CEPT1) were analyzed. Levels of phospholipids, the pre- and post-synaptic proteins Synapsin-1 and PSD95, and the enzymes PCYT1A and CEPT1 were significantly enhanced by combined supplementation of DHA+EPA+uridine and antioxidants and not enhanced by supplementation of DHA+EPA+uridine with insufficient antioxidant levels. Our data suggest that dietary vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium are essential for the phospholipid precursors' effects on increasing levels of membrane phospholipids and synaptic proteins, the indirect indicators of synaptogenesis. Their concomitant supply may be relevant in Alzheimer's disease patients, because the disease is characterized by synapse loss and lower plasma and brain levels of phospholipid precursors and antioxidants.
Enhancing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Cancer Treatment With Cannabinoids (2018)

Over the years, many <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies have shown the antineoplastic effects of cannabinoids (CBDs), with reports advocating for investigations of combination therapy approaches that could better leverage these effects in clinical translation. This study explores the potential of combination approaches employing CBDs with radiotherapy (RT) or smart biomaterials toward enhancing therapeutic efficacy during treatment of pancreatic and lung cancers. In <i>in vitro</i> studies, clonogenic assay results showed greater effective tumor cell killing, when combining CBDs and RT. Meanwhile, <i>in vivo</i> study results revealed major increase in survival when employing smart biomaterials for sustained delivery of CBDs to tumor cells. The significance of these findings, considerations for further research, and viable roadmap to clinical translation are discussed.
Detailed precision and accuracy analysis of swarm parameters from a pulsed Townsend experiment (2018)

A newly built pulsed Townsend experimental setup which allows one to measure both electron and ion currents is presented. The principle of pulsed Townsend measurements itself is well established to obtain swarm parameters such as the effective ionization rate coefficient, the density-reduced mobility, and the density-normalized longitudinal diffusion coefficient. The main novelty of the present contribution is a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the entire measurement and evaluation chain with respect to accuracy, precision, and reproducibility. The influence of the input parameters (gap distance, applied voltage, measured pressure, and temperature) is analyzed in detail. An overall accuracy of ±0.5% in the density reduced electric field (E/N) is achieved, which is close to the theoretically possible limit using the chosen components. The precision of the experimental results is higher than the accuracy. Through an extensive measurement campaign, the repeatability of our measurements proved to be high and similar to the precision. The reproducibility of results at identical (E/N) is similar to the precision for different distances but decreases for varying pressures. For benchmark purposes, measurements for Ar, CO<sub>2,</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> are presented and compared with our previous experimental setup, simulations, and other experimental references.
Dual-Enzyme-Loaded Multifunctional Hybrid Nanogel System for Pathological Responsive Ultrasound Imaging andT2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2015)

A dual-enzyme-loaded multifunctional hybrid nanogel probe (SPIO@GCS/acryl/biotin-CAT/SOD-gel, or SGC) has been developed for dual-modality pathological responsive ultrasound (US) imaging and enhanced T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This probe is composed of functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide particles, a dual enzyme species (catalase and superoxide dismutase), and a polysaccharide cationic polymer glycol chitosan gel. The dual-modality US/MR imaging capabilities of the hybrid nanogel for responsive US imaging and enhanced T2-weighted MR imaging have been evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. These results show that the hybrid nanogel SGC can exhibit efficient dual-enzyme biocatalysis with pathological species for responsive US imaging. SGC also demonstrates increased accumulation in acidic environments for enhanced T2-weighted MR imaging. Further research on these nanogel systems may lead to the development of more efficient US/MR contrast agents.
Massive Machine-Type Communications via Hybrid OWC/RF Networks (2022)

In this paper, we investigate the design of a novel hybrid optical wireless communication (OWC)/radio frequency (RF) solution suitable for massive machine-type communication (mMTC). The proposed scenario consists of a massive collection of indoor OWC-based small cells that connect low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) devices to the network infrastructure via an outdoor low-power wide-area network (LP WAN), providing high scalability and connection density suitable for dense urban use cases. We assume both indoor OWC and outdoor LP WAN parts of the mMTC system use slotted ALOHA as a random access mechanism. The main contribution of this paper is in derivation of expressions for the packet loss rate, which provide insights into the considered system design as a function of the indoor OWC and outdoor LP WAN system parameters.
Who Needs Crossings? Hardness of Plane Graph Rigidity (2016)

We exactly settle the complexity of graph realization, graph rigidity, and graph global rigidity as applied to three types of graphs: "globally noncrossing" graphs, which avoid crossings in all of their configurations; matchstick graphs, with unit-length edges and where only noncrossing configurations are considered; and unrestricted graphs (crossings allowed) with unit edge lengths (or in the global rigidity case, edge lengths in {1,2}). We show that all nine of these questions are complete for the class Exists-R, defined by the Existential Theory of the Reals, or its complement Forall-R; in particular, each problem is (co)NP-hard. One of these nine results - that realization of unit-distance graphs is Exists-R-complete - was shown previously by Schaefer (2013), but the other eight are new. We strengthen several prior results. Matchstick graph realization was known to be NP-hard (Eades & Wormald 1990, or Cabello et al. 2007), but its membership in NP remained open; we show it is complete for the (possibly) larger class Exists-R. Global rigidity of graphs with edge lengths in {1,2} was known to be coNP-hard (Saxe 1979); we show it is Forall-R-complete. The majority of the paper is devoted to proving an analog of Kempe's Universality Theorem - informally, "there is a linkage to sign your name" - for globally noncrossing linkages. In particular, we show that any polynomial curve phi(x,y)=0 can be traced by a noncrossing linkage, settling an open problem from 2004. More generally, we show that the nontrivial regions in the plane that may be traced by a noncrossing linkage are precisely the compact semialgebraic regions. Thus, no drawing power is lost by restricting to noncrossing linkages. We prove analogous results for matchstick linkages and unit-distance linkages as well.
The Roles of ATF3 in Liver Dysfunction and the Regulation of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Gene Expression (2002)

Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a member of the ATF/cAMP-responsive element-binding protein family of transcription factors, is a transcriptional repressor, and the expression of its corresponding gene, ATF3, is induced by many stress signals. In this report, we demonstrate that transgenic mice expressing ATF3 in the liver had symptoms of liver dysfunction such as high levels of serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and bile acids. In addition, these mice had physiological responses consistent with hypoglycemia including a low insulin:glucagon ratio in the serum and reduced adipose tissue mass. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that ATF3 bound to the ATF/cAMP-responsvie element site derived from the promoter of the gene encoding the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). Furthermore, transient transfection assays indicated that ATF3 repressed the activity of the PEPCK promoter. Taken together, our results are consistent with the model that the expression of ATF3 in the liver results in defects in glucose homeostasis by repressing gluconeogenesis. Because ATF3 is a stress-inducible gene, these mice may provide a model to investigate the molecular mechanisms of some stress-associated liver diseases.