gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigate engineering properties of modified open-graded asphalt mixtures (2019)

Open-Graded Friction Course mixture (OGFC) has a gap-graded aggregate that results in highly air voids. This structure provides higher permeability by allowing water to flow through it. Although these mixtures have good drainage properties, they exhibit poor strength with a short life span. Because of their poor performance, there is a lack to be used in pavement application. Attempts had made to increase mixture performance; one of these methods is by using fibers or polymers. The objective of the current study is to determine if modified OGFC mixes with different polymers and fibers have comparable performance. Polymers and fibers were used in OGFC mixes to evaluate their performance. Steel fiber, glass fibers, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Phenol resin were investigated in this study. The modified mixtures were tested by indirect tensile strength, Marshall and permanent deformation tests. Results showed that fibers decrease rutting by 19% and they have more effective than polymers that decrease rutting by 7%, and glass fiber was found to be more effective with a 24% reduction in permanent deformation than other additives to enhance performance.
Opening up the Verification and Validation of Safety-Critical Software (2013)

Commercial realizations of ETCS have not yet fulfilled the expectation of enabling smooth cross-border rail traffic. Starting from the hypothesis that the traditional way of developing software for safety-critical systems might be partly causing these problems, the ITEA~2 project openETCS has set out to pursue the idea of transferring an open-source development style to this domain, taking the EVC as a case study. The goal is to formalize the requirements in a functional model, derive, via design models, an implementation, and demonstrate how the verification and validation activities necessary for certifying the result could be performed. All of this is to be done as an open-source project, employing only open-source tools. One of the main motives behind the approach is to use the potential of an open community to detect design and implementation flaws much better than the limited inspection in a traditional development setting. &#13;\nThis papers discusses the challenges this new approach faces from the legal requirement of adhering to the standards, mainly the EN 50128 in this case, particularly with respect to verification and validation. This comprises the interpretation of the standard for a model-based development and qualification issues for personnel and tools.
Antigen‐capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of crimean‐congo hemorrhagic fever using a novel monoclonal antibody (2005)

An antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the diagnosis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) using a novel monoclonal antibody, 1B7, to the recombinant nucleoprotein (rNP) of CCHF virus (CCHFV) Chinese strain 8402. This ELISA detected at least 2 ng/100 microl of CCHFV rNP of 8402 and of the Nigeria strain Ibr 10200, and also detected authentic nucleoproteins (NP) of Chinese strains. Although the sensitivity of the ELISA was lower than that of nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), it was able to detect nucleoproteins in acute sera of CCHF patients. The presence of anti-CCHFV IgG decreased the sensitivity of the ELISA, possibly due to competition with 1B7, and this would tend to limit application of the ELISA. However, the method may be useful for the diagnosis of CCHF patients in the acute stage of illness, especially in laboratories not equipped with RT-PCR testing capabilities.
In Vitro Stability Evaluation of Rhenium-188-MAG3: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Prevention of Restenosis after Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (2001)

occurs in ≥30 % of cases. Local irradiation of the stenosed artery immediately after angioplasty using 188 Re-MAG3 delivered into the diseased vessel via a balloon to prevent the restenosis is currently under investigation (IND). A potential complication of the procedure is balloon rupture. The aim of this study is to evaluate the radiochemical stability of 188 Re-MAG. Stable 3 188 Re-MAG, in unlikely event of balloon rupture, will be quick-3 ly eliminated via the kidneys, with a resultant acceptability low whole body radiation dose. Unstable 188Re-MAG, which is retained in various organs results in a 3 greater radiation burden to the patient. Methods: 188 Re-MAG3 (3.7 GBq/ml) was prepared, and the product was evenly divided into 5 sample groups: control (without ascorbic or gentisic acid), with 25 mg of ascorbic acid, with 50 mg of ascorbic acid, with 1 mg of gentisic acid, and with 2 mg of gentisic acid. The samples were kept at room temperature. The in vitro stability of each sample was analyzed (N=3) by using ITLC-SG/normal saline, TLC-SG 60/acetonitrile, and Sep-Pak C18 column /0.001N HCl, ethanol/normal saline systems at 0, 3, 6 and 24 h after preparation. Results: The results demonstrated that the mean
Towards the Deployment of Machine Learning Solutions in Network Traffic Classification: A Systematic Survey (2018)

Traffic analysis is a compound of strategies intended to find relationships, patterns, anomalies, and misconfigurations, among others things, in Internet traffic. In particular, traffic classification is a subgroup of strategies in this field that aims at identifying the application's name or type of Internet traffic. Nowadays, traffic classification has become a challenging task due to the rise of new technologies, such as traffic encryption and encapsulation, which decrease the performance of classical traffic classification strategies. Machine learning (ML) gains interest as a new direction in this field, showing signs of future success, such as knowledge extraction from encrypted traffic, and more accurate Quality of Service management. ML is fast becoming a key tool to build traffic classification solutions in real network traffic scenarios; in this sense, the purpose of this investigation is to explore the elements that allow this technique to work in the traffic classification field. Therefore, a systematic review is introduced based on the steps to achieve traffic classification by using ML techniques. The main aim is to understand and to identify the procedures followed by the existing works to achieve their goals. As a result, this survey paper finds a set of trends derived from the analysis performed on this domain; in this manner, the authors expect to outline future directions for ML-based traffic classification.
Intraprosthetic screw fixation increases primary fixation stability in periprosthetic fractures of the femur—A biomechanical study (2013)

Intraprosthetic screw anchorage with a special prosthesis drill enhances the primary stability in treating periprosthetic fractures by internal fixation.
Initial Report of Neodymium (2011)

: The Nd:YAP laser is a safe and effective tool for bronchoscopy.
Model-based dummy feature placement for oxide chemical-mechanical polishing manufacturability (2001)

Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) is an enabling technique used in deep-submicrometer VLSI manufacturing to achieve long range oxide planarization. Post-CMP oxide topography is highly related to local pattern density in the layout. To change local pattern density and, thus, ensure post-CMP planarization, dummy features are placed in the layout. Based on models that accurately describe the relation between local pattern density and post-CMP planarization by Stine et al. (1997), Ouma et al. (1998), and Yu et al. (1999), a two-step procedure of global density assignment followed by local insertion is proposed to solve the dummy feature placement problem in the fixed-dissection regime with both single-layer and multiple-layer considerations. Two experiments conducted with real design layouts gave excellent results by reducing simulated post-CMP topography variation from 767 /spl Aring/ to 152 /spl Aring/ in the single-layer formulation and by avoiding cumulative effect in the multiple-layer formulation. The simulation result from single-layer formulation compares very favorably both to the rule-based approach widely used in industry and to the algorithm by Kahng et al (1999). The multiple-layer formulation has no previously published work.
Interleukin 18 transfection enhances antitumor immunity induced by dendritic cell-tumor cell conjugates. (2001)

Dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor vaccine represents a promising approach to the immunotherapy of malignant tumors. We prepared a novel type of DC-based vaccine, stable conjugates of DCs and EL4 cells transduced with cDNA of OVA (E.G7). Immunization with DC-E.G7 conjugates led to generation of T helper (Th) 1 cytokine-producing cells, antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells, and strong antitumor immunity that is dependent on both CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells. To further increase the potency of the vaccine, interleukin 18-transfected DCs were used to prepare the IL18DC-E.G7 conjugates. Immunization with such conjugates significantly increased the production of Th1 cytokine-producing cells and the number of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells, as well as stronger antitumor immunity. Furthermore, the increased Th1 cytokine production and stronger antitumor effect were not observed in mice depleted of IFN-gamma. These data indicated that DC-tumor cell conjugates are a potent tumor vaccine. Interleukin 18 can be administrated using gene-transfected cells and enhances antitumor immunity, which is mainly mediated by IFN-gamma.
Application of HYDRUS - 1D Model to Simulate the Transport of Heavy Metals in Domestic Wastewater –Biochar Column Study (2018)

Wastewater contains a wide variety of pollutants. When wastewater is poorly treated, pollutants such as heavy metals could be discharged to surface water; consequently, posing a risk to aquatic life and human health. In the present study, our goal is to efficiently remove heavy metals from domestic wastewater effluents by using potential sorbents such as biochar originated from agricultural waste. Therefore, triplicates of 10 cm columns packed with biochar (rice straw torrefacted at400 ?C) were prepared then wastewater at four flow rates (1, 2, 4, 10 ml min-1) were passed through the columns. The leachates were collected and analyzed for their content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, copper, chromium, iron and zinc) by atomic absorption. Breakthrough curves were constructed for each flow rate. In order to simulate the mobility of each heavy metal in the column profile, a one-dimensional model, HYDRUS-1D, was employed. The HYDRUS software is selected among the most widely used models because of the simulating water flow and solute transport in soils. Results showed that Hydrus-ID is capable of simulating the transport of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc under the experiment conditions. This was confirmed by the calculated Nash number for each element as 0.72, 0.72, 0.78 and 0.78 for lead, cadmium, copper and zinc; respectively. The results can be scaled up to design a low-cost effective and environmentally friendly filters for domestic and industrial wastewater.
Competing oxidation mechanisms in Cu nanoparticles and their plasmonic signatures (2022)

Chemical reactions involving nanoparticles often follow complex processes. In this respect, real-time probing of single nanoparticles under reactive conditions is crucial for uncovering the mechanisms driving the reaction pathway. Here, we have captured <i>in situ</i> the oxidation of single Cu nanoparticles to unravel a sequential competitive activation of different mechanisms at temperatures 50-200 °C. Using environmental scanning transmission electron microscopy, we monitor the evolution of oxide formation with sub-nanometre spatial resolution, and show how the prevalence of oxide island nucleation, Cabrera-Mott, Valensi-Carter and Kirkendall mechanisms under different conditions determines the morphology of the particles. Moreover, using <i>in situ</i> electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we probe the localised surface plasmons of individual particles during oxidation, and with the aid of finite-difference time-domain electrodynamic simulations investigate the signature of each mechanism in their plasmonic response. Our results shed light on the rich and intricate processes involved in the oxidation of nanoparticles, and provide in-depth insight into how these processes govern their morphology and optical response, beneficial for applications in catalysis, sensing, nanomedicine and plasmonics.
Application of controlled-drift detectors to spectroscopic X-ray imaging (2007)

The controlled-drift detector (CDD) is a fully- depleted silicon detector that allows 2-D position sensing and energy spectroscopy of X-rays in the range 1-30 keV with excellent time resolution (few tens of mus) and limited readout channels. Its working principle is based on the generation of equally spaced potential wells along the drift direction by applying an externally controlled perturbation to the linear drift potential. Operating the detector in integrate-readout mode the X-ray incident position in the drift direction is given by the measurement of the electron drift time while the X-ray energy is obtained from the measurement of the electron charge. A further relevant benefit of the short integration time is the possibility to operate the CDD at room temperature still having an acceptable energy resolution. For more demanding spectroscopic applications the ultimate energy resolution can be reached by moderately cooling the detector. In this paper we will focus on the applications of CDDs to two advanced X-ray spectroscopic imaging techniques, namely X-ray fluorescence imaging and X- ray diffraction-enhanced imaging.
ChemInform Abstract: 4,14‐Divinyl‐(E,E)‐(4.4)paracyclophane‐1,11‐diene. An Unusual Product from a 1,10‐Hofmann Elimination. (1987)

Abstract Pyrolysis of the ammonium base (I) yields the dimers (III) and (IV) via the Hofmann elimination product (II).
Differences and Similarities Between Millimetre Wave and Thermal Heating Effect on Action Potential Triggering in Leech Interneuron (2019)

MMW radiation can be used to focally deposit energy into biological tissue, which converts in it into thermal energy due to high absorption properties, specifically of water. As a result, it can affect the functionality of some biological tissues. Neuronal tissue is one of the most susceptible types due to its high sensitivity to environmental changes, such as electric field and temperature. Here we investigate the effect of MMW mediated heating and conventional thermal heating on action potential voltage initiation in spontaneously active interneuron of leech. The results demonstrate that MMW radiation has a different effect to thermal heating but only at initial stages of sample heating.
Pharmacological Activities and Synthesis of Esculetin and Its Derivatives: A Mini-Review (2017)

Esculetin, synonymous with 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin, is the main active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine <i>Cortex Fraxini</i>. The twig skin or trunk bark of <i>Cortex Fraxini</i> are used by herb doctors as a mild, bitter liver and gallbladder meridians' nontoxic drug as well as dietary supplement. Recently, with a variety of novel esculetin derivatives being reported, the molecular mechanism research as well as clinical application of <i>Cortex Fraxini</i> and esculetin are becoming more attractive. This mini-review will consolidate what is known about the biological activities, the mechanism of esculetin and its synthetic derivatives over the past decade in addition to providing a brief synopsis of the properties of esculetin.
A 95fJ/b current-mode transceiver for 10mm on-chip interconnect (2013)

Data communication between local system blocks through on-chip global interconnects presents significant design challenges in scaled VLSI systems. The goal of this research is to reduce the energy consumed per bit transmitted, while achieving Gb/s data rates over interconnect lengths up to 10mm. Voltage-mode signaling with capacitive boosting [1-2] has been proposed for low-power on-chip interconnects. To increase the data rate over RC-limited interconnect, aggressive equalization schemes should be used in receivers [1-3] and transmitters [1-2] at the cost of significant power consumption. As an alternative to voltage-mode signaling, current-mode signaling has been considered. It was originally used for fast bitline sensing in memory [4-5] to take inherent advantage of a reduced RC time constant. However, prior work on current-mode transceivers for on-chip interconnect shows worse energy efficiency than their voltage-mode counterparts due to large static power dissipation by current-sensing circuit [6-7]. This paper presents a 95fJ/b current-mode transceiver for on-chip global interconnect. The transceiver is implemented in 65nm CMOS and achieves a data rate of up to 4Gb/s over a 10mm link with a BER of less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> .
Design and implementation of the glue-nail database system (1993)

We describe the design and implementation of the Glue-Nail database system. The Nail language is a purely declarative query language; Glue is a procedural language used for non-query activities. The two languages combined are sufficient to write a complete application. Nail and Glue code both compile into the target language IGlue. The Nail compiler uses variants of the magic sets algorithm, and supports well-founded models. Static optimization is performed by the Glue compiler using techniques that include peephole methods and data flow analysis. The IGlue code is executed by the IGlue interpreter, which features a run-time adaptive optimizer. The three optimizers each deal with separate optimization domains, and experiments indicate that an effective synergism is achieved. The Glue-Nail system is largely complete and has been tested using a suite of representative applications.
Characteristics of Inhomogeneous Broadside-Coupled Striplines (1980)

A variational method for the analysis of inhomogeneous broadside-coupled striplines is described. The data for even- and odd-mode characteristic impedances, effective dielectric constants, and mode phase velocity ratios are presented. It is found that the phase velocity ratio may be varied over the range 1.14 /spl les/ ( V/sub e/ / V/sub 0/) /spl les/ 3.6 for broadside-coupled suspended microstrip lines (BSML) and 0.36 /spl les/ ( V/sub e/ / V/sub 0/) /spl les/ 0.93 for broadside-coupled inverted microstrip lines (BIML) using materials with dielectric constant less than 16 and S/b /spl ges/ 0.05, W/b /spl les/ 2.0. The effect of nonzero strip thickness is also calculated. It is noticed that the effect of thickness is more pronounced for the odd-mode case than for the even mode. Losses are obtained using the incremental inductance rule of Wheeler. The odd-mode attenuation constant is always higher than the even-mode value.
Ion and neutral atomic and cluster sputtering yields of molybdenum (1987)

The yield of neutral and ionized Mo, Mo2, and Mo3 sputtered from a Mo target by 4-keV Ar+ has been measured in the surface analysis by resonance ionization of sputtered atoms (SARISA) machine. Ionization spectroscopy combined with time-of-flight (TOF) secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) allowed us to obtain for the first time absolute sputtering yields and ionization fractions of sputtered atoms and metal clusters. Unlike sputtered atomic species, Mo clusters have been found to be sputtered with large ion fractions. The sputtering yield of Mo clusters is very sensitive to oxygen on the surface, i.e., even small amounts of oxygen on the surface identified by Mo+ and MoO+ peaks in the SIMS spectrum, reduce the cluster yield substantially. A broad structureless absorption band was observed for sputtered Mo2 molecules indicating substantial rovibronic excitation as predicted by theoretical models.
MR Imaging of Entrapment Neuropathies of the Lower Extremity (2010)

Entrapment neuropathies of the knee, leg, ankle, and foot are often underdiagnosed, as the results of clinical examination and electrophysiologic evaluation are not always reliable. The causes of most entrapment neuropathies in the lower extremity may be divided into two major categories: (a) mechanical causes, which occur at fibrous or fibro-osseous tunnels, and (b) dynamic causes related to nerve injury during specific limb positioning. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, including high-resolution MR neurography, allows detailed evaluation of the course and morphology of peripheral nerves, as well as accurate delineation of surrounding soft-tissue and osseous structures that may contribute to nerve entrapment. Familiarity with the normal MR imaging anatomy of the nerves in the knee, leg, ankle, and foot is essential for accurate assessment of the presence of peripheral entrapment syndromes. Common entrapment neuropathies in the knee, leg, ankle, and foot include those of the common peroneal nerve, deep peroneal nerve, superficial peroneal nerve, tibial nerve and its branches, and sural nerve.
Phospholipid asymmetry in LM cell plasma membrane derivatives: polar head group and acyl chain distributions (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhospholipid asymmetry in LM cell plasma membrane derivatives: polar head group and acyl chain distributionsAlexander Sandra and Richard E. PaganoCite this: Biochemistry 1978, 17, 2, 332–338Publication Date (Print):January 24, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 24 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00595a022https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00595a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts