gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromosome Substitution Strains (2006)

Many biological traits and heritable diseases are multifactorial, involving combinations of genetic variants and environmental factors. To dissect the genetic basis for these traits and to characterize their functional consequences, mouse models are widely used, not only because of their genetic and physiological similarity to humans, but also because an extraordinary variety of genetic resources enable rigorous functional studies. Chromosome substitution strains (CSSs) are a powerful complement to existing resources for studying multigenic traits. By partitioning the genome into a panel of new inbred strains with single chromosome substitutions, one strain for each of the autosomes, the X and Y chromosome, and the mitochondria, unique experimental designs and considerable statistical power are possible. Multigenic trait genes (or quantitative trait loci [QTLs]) with weak effects are easily detected, linkage and congenic crosses can be quickly made, gene interactions are readily characterized, and discovery of QTLs is greatly accelerated. Several published studies demonstrate the considerable utility of these strains and new applications for CSSs continue to be discovered.
Antitumor Activity of Tiazofurin in Human Colon Carcinoma HT-29 (1992)

Tiazofurin is effective in treating end-stage leukemic patients (Tricot et al., Cancer Res 49:3696-3701, 1989). In sensitive tumors, the active metabolite of tiazofurin, TAD, potently inhibits IMP dehydrogenase activity, resulting in reduced guanylate pools. To elucidate tiazofurin activity in human solid tumors, we examined its activity in human colon carcinoma HT-29. Tiazofurin exhibited an LC50 of 35 microM in cultured HT-29 cells. Incubation of HT-29 cells with 100 microM tiazofurin for 2 h resulted in TAD formation (9.3 nmol/g cells) and in a 64% decrease in GTP pools. For biochemical and chemotherapy studies, athymic nude mice were transplanted s.c. with HT-29 cells. Twenty-four days later, mice were injected i.p. with tiazofurin (500 mg/kg); 6 h later, tumors were removed and analyzed. These tumors formed 17 nmol/g of TAD with decreased GTP pools (56%). To study oncolytic activity, transplanted mice were treated 24 h later with tiazofurin (500 mg/kg, once a day for 10 days). To examine the effectiveness of tiazofurin in established tumors, the drug was administered to mice 14 days after tumor implantation (500 mg/kg, once a day for 5 days, course repeated 4 times with a 10-day rest). Both treatment schedules resulted in significant antitumor activity. This study illustrates the potential usefulness of tiazofurin in treating human colon carcinoma.
Completely Stereocontrolled Aldol Reaction of Chiral β-Amino Acids (2015)

A general protocol to independently access stereoisomerically pure β'-hydroxy-β-amino acid derivatives that is based on dibutylboron triflate-mediated aldol reaction of suitably protected β-amino acids bearing chiral oxazolidinone auxiliary is reported. The method smoothly afforded syn-aldol (α,β'-syn) products in pure form and excellent isolated yield. Both α,β-syn and α,β-anti isomers are readily accessible solely through the choice of the oxazolidinone chirality. This method allows for the preparation of stereoisomeric β'-hydroxy-β-amino acid derivatives that were previously unreported.
An Evaluation of Superplastic Anisotropy after Processing by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (2004)

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the superplastic properties in three orthogonal directions after processing by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP). Using an Al-3% Mg-0.2% Sc alloy pressed to a strain of ∼8 through route BC, miniature tensile specimens were cut inthe pressing direction perpendicular to the transverse plane and perpendicular to the flow and longitudinal planes. The results show that similar tensile elongations are obtained in each direction. It is concluded there is no significant anisotropy in the superplastic properties after processing by ECAP.
Development Of A Microelectrode Array With Semitransparent Carbon Nanotube Electrodes for In-Vitro Applications And Optogenetics (2016)

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Distribution of pre-pro-glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor messenger RNAs in the rat central nervous system (1999)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is derived from the peptide precursor pre-pro-glucagon (PPG) by enzymatic cleavage and acts via its receptor, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). By using riboprobes complementary to PPG and GLP-1R, we described the distribution of PPG and GLP-1R messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in the central nervous system of the rat. PPG mRNA-expressing perikarya were restricted to the nucleus of the solitary tact or to the dorsal and ventral medulla and olfactory bulb. GLP-1R mRNA was detected in numerous brain regions, including the mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb; temporal cortex; caudal hippocampus; lateral septum; amygdala; nucleus accumbens; ventral pallium; nucleus basalis Meynert; bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; preoptic area; paraventricular, supraoptic, arcuate, and dorsomedial nuclei of the hypothalamus; lateral habenula; zona incerta; substantia innominata; posterior thalamic nuclei; ventral tegmental area; dorsal tegmental, posterodorsal tegmental, and interpeduncular nuclei; substantia nigra, central gray; raphe nuclei; parabrachial nuclei; locus ceruleus, nucleus of the solitary tract; area postrema; dorsal nucleus of the vagus; lateral reticular nucleus; and spinal cord. These studies, in addition to describing the sites of GLP-1 and GLP-1R synthesis, suggest that the efferent connections from the nucleus of the solitary tract are more widespread than previously reported. Although the current role of GLP-1 in regulating neuronal physiology is not known, these studies provide detailed information about the sites of GLP-1 synthesis and potential sites of action, an important first step in evaluating the function of GLP-1 in the brain. The widespread distribution of GLP-1R mRNA-containing cells strongly suggests that GLP-1 not only functions as a satiety factor but also acts as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in anatomically and functionally distinct areas of the central nervous system.
Central and External Cathode Operations in a Diverging-Magnetic-Field Electrostatic Thruster (2019)

The effects of hollow cathode position on thrust performances of a diverging-magnetic-field electrostatic thruster, which had a diverging magnetic field between a ring anode and a hollow cathode, were investigated. The hollow cathode was located in either a central or an external configuration. Based on the discharge current and direct thrust measurements, electrostatic and magnetic hybrid plasma acceleration was observed in the central cathode operation and even in the external cathode operation especially when magnetic field strength was less than 315 mT. However, the operating points were different: low discharge discharge current in the central cathode operation, and high discharge discharge current in the external cathode operation. This difference comes from electron-Hall parameter; the estimated electron-Hall parameter was about 50 in the central cathode operation, which was much lower than that of 3000 in the external cathode operation. By combining electromagnetic acceleration, the generated thrust can increase even with lower electron-Hall parameter operation. As a result, similar thrust performances were achieved in both cathode positions. Because of the hybrid plasma acceleration method, thrust density reached , which is comparable or even higher than that of the conventional electrostatic thrusters.
Confirmation of bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata, feeding on cucurbits (2004)

The objective of these studies was to assess the degree to which bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster), will feed on cucurbits. In 2003, we documented an infestation of C. trifurcata in a commercial pumpkin field near Rosemount, MN, USA. To evaluate C. trifurcata feeding on cucurbits, we conducted laboratory no-choice and choice test feeding studies. In the laboratory, C. trifurcata fed most heavily on cotyledon-stage cucumber plants, followed by pumpkin and squash. With soybean plants present, C. trifurcata still fed on cucumber plants. However, C. trifurcata appeared to prefer soybeans until the quality of the soybean plants was diminished through feeding damage. This is the first known report of C. trifurcata feeding on cucurbits. The pest potential of C. trifurcata in cucurbit cropping systems should be further evaluated.
Análisis y optimización de modos de vibración en vehículos ferroviarios (2015)

Esta tesis doctoral presenta el analisis del comportamiento dinamico del modelo de un vehiculo ferroviario desde la perspectiva de sus modos de vibracion y la optimizacion de dicho comportamiento mediante la implementacion de mejoras pasivas y la introduccion de sistemas activos. El trabajo se inicia con la revision de la literatura existente sobre los principales fenomenos dinamicos que son particulares de los vehiculos ferroviarios. Posteriormente, se profundiza en el estudio de vibraciones y los modelos mas recientes empleados para el analisis de modos de vibracion, sin dejar a un lado las herramientas informaticas mas extendidas sobre dinamica ferroviaria. Para el analisis de modos de vibracion en vehiculos ferroviarios, se ha construido un modelo de vehiculo que amplia la literatura existente y que se asemeja a la tecnologia empleada actualmente, haciendo trasladables sus resultados a la industria del sector. El modelo representa un tren articulado con ruedas independientes, suspension pendular y sistema de guiado pasivo pensado para el servicio de alta velocidad. El analisis modal del modelo muestra que se trata de un vehiculo con gran estabilidad pero que posee un modo de vibracion que puede causar falta de confort en los pasajeros. Este modo de vibracion, denominado de ?serpenteo?, produce la oscilacion lateral de las cajas y ocurre a una frecuencia que podria ser percibida por los viajeros. Tras este analisis, se ha aplicado la teoria de diseno de experimentos al modelo con el fin de averiguar que parametros tienen mayor influencia sobre el serpenteo del vehiculo. La identificacion de los factores mas significativos ha desembocado en una serie de mejoras pasivas que han optimizado el comportamiento del vehiculo. A continuacion, han sido incluidos los sistemas de suspension activos (o actuadores) en sustitucion de varios de los amortiguadores del modelo, disenando una ley de control que ha maximizado la fuerza de los mismos. Por ultimo, la simulacion dinamica del modelo ha permitido analizar la optimizacion del serpenteo y el comportamiento a bajas frecuencias con las mejoras activas o pasivas o con la combinacion de ambas.
Moving-Average Based Interference Suppression on Frequency Selective SIMO Channels (2014)

Co-channel interference suppression is a key design concern for next-generation communication systems. It is particularly challenging in the presence of frequency-selective fading as the covariance matrices of the interference plus noise vary across subcarriers. The moving average technique is an effective scheme for estimating the frequency- selective covariance matrices. But the problem of choosing the optimal window size is far from trivial. In this work, we propose a window selection scheme based on the mean square error (MSE) of the covariance estimate. It only requires information of the signalto-noise ratio (SNR) and signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) and is robust against variations of the interfering channel's power delay profile. Moreover, the results can be applied to time-varying channels by simply replacing the frequency correlation function by the time correlation function.
Blind investigation of M-FSK modulations and identification of these modulations from M-PSK and M-QAM modulations (2009)

M-FSK modulation classification and identification of the modulation order are studied for both flat and frequency selective fading channels. In the modulation classification, M-FSK modulated signals are identified from M-PSK and M-QAM signals using amplitude and spectral features of the received signal. Once the M-FSK signal is identified, then the order of the signal is detected blindly. Various features of the modulated signal are investigated to be able to identify them in practical wireless channels.
Observation of spatial shift in interaction of dark nonlocal solitons (2006)

We study experimentally and theoretically a two- dimensional interaction of dark solitons in thermal defocusing medium. We report on the experimental observation of a spatial shift occurring at the intersection of obliquely interacting dark solitons. Numerical modeling reveals that this new effect is due to the nonlocal character of thermal nonlinearity.
Fractionation of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) in supercritical propylene: Towards a molecular understanding of a complex macromolecule (1997)

A commercial low-density polyethylene copolymer, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA), synthesized via the high-pressure free-radical polymerization process, was fractionated with supercritical propylene by isothermal increasing pressure profiling and critical, isobaric, temperature rising elution fractionation (CITREF™). Extensive characterization of the fractions by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in combination with low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to map not only the molecular-weight and chemical composition distributions of the parent copolymer, but also its short-chain branch (SCB) and long-chain branch (LCB) distributions. Fractionation by increasing pressure profiling confirmed the broad molecular-weight distribution and the narrow acetate-branch distribution expected for this random copolymer but revealed the presence of a small amount (∼ 2 wt %) of low molecular-weight amorphous species containing a high level of alkyl SCBs (80 branches/1000 C). The LCB density estimated from the Zimm-Stockmayer relationship using the GPC data monotonically increases with increasing molecular weight above 60,000 g/mol, in agreement with the kinetics of free-radical polymerization. CITREF™ was found to fractionate this copolymer by crystallinity, which is influenced by both the alkyl SCBs and the acetate branches. Up to 18% difference in total branch density (<5% in crystallinity) between EVA molecules was identified using CITREF™. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 2015–2030, 1997
The Impact of GPON Technology on Power Consumption and Carbon Footprint in Malaysia (2013)

Telecom networks constitute a signiﬁcant part of Internet & Communication Technology (ICT). With the growth of trafﬁc volume in telecom networks, the energy consumption and carbon footprint increase rapidly. Therefore, as the awareness of sustainable environment increases, all industries including Telco have started their green initiatives to reduce the energy consumption that will lead to the reduction of carbon emission. In general, typical telecom networks can be divided into several sections which are core, metro and access network. In this explanatory research, it aims to focus on the access network so called the “last mile”, to analyse the impact of Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) as fixed access network technology to power consumption and carbon footprint in Malaysia. In Malaysia, GPON is being deployed to provide broadband service; among other access technology such as Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL). GPON technology utilizes fiber optic to connect the central office equipment (Optical Line Terminal-OLT) to the customer device (Optical Network Unit –ONU). By using deductive approach, secondary data from Telekom Malaysia’s (TM) network inventory list is used to determine the number of access network equipment deployed in the entire network. The maximum power consumption for all access network equipment is identified based on the hardware specification and converted to carbon emission. This conversion is based on GHG protocol Scope 2 (Indirect Emission) where the carbon emission is estimated based on the purchased electricity. Based on the analysis, it is found out that the impact of GPON technology on power consumption per subscriber and annual carbon footprint are less than other fixed access technologies deployed in Malaysia.
Access to finance for SMEs in post-socialist countries: the Baltic States and the South Caucasus compared (2021)

Purpose This article examines access to finance for SMEs in the Baltic States and the South Caucasus countries following the financial crisis of 2007 and is set within the context of the rule of law for businesses. Design/methodology/approach The article uses the cross-sectional dataset from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) for 2009 to examine access to finance for SMEs and the court system in the Baltic States and the South Caucasus countries. An ordered probit estimation technique is used to model access to finance and the court system in the Baltic States and the South Caucasus countries. The analysis draws upon institutional theory to explain access to finance for SMEs. Findings The results show variations from one Baltic State and South Caucasus country to another in relation to fairness, speed of justice and enforcement of court decisions. The analysis suggests that if access to finance is not an obstacle to business operations and the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted, it determines the likelihood of strength in entrepreneurship. Additionally, the results show that, within the Baltic region, businesses experiencing constraints in accessing finance are more likely to have females as their top managers. However, for the South Caucasus region, there was no gender difference. Research limitations/implications This research is based on evidence from the Baltic States and the South Caucasus region. However, the findings are relevant to discussions on the importance of the context of entrepreneurship, and more specifically, the rule of law. The institutional theory provides an explanation for coercive, normative and mimetic institutional isomorphism in the context of access to finance for SMEs. Coercive institutional isomorphism exerts a dependence on access to finance for SMEs. In coercive institutional isomorphism, formal and informal pressures are exerted by external organisations such as governments, legal regulatory authorities, banks and other lending institutions. These formal and informal pressures are imposed to ensure compliance as a dependency for successful access to finance goal. Practical implications This research creates awareness among entrepreneurs, potential entrepreneurs, business practitioners and society that reducing obstacles to access finance and a fair court system improve entrepreneurial venture formation. This has the potential to create employment, advance business development and improve economic development. Originality/value This paper makes an original contribution by emphasising the significance of access to finance and a fair court system in encouraging stronger entrepreneurship. The institutional framework provides a definition for coercive institutional isomorphism to show how external forces exert a dependence pressure towards access to finance for SMEs.
The Woven EndoBridge: A New Aneurysm Occlusion Device (2011)

The WEB device in experimental aneurysms demonstrated promising rates of immediate and long-term aneurysm occlusion.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE k‐SUBTYPE OF THE OPIATE RECEPTOR IN THE GUINEA‐PIG BRAIN (1981)

1. In homogenates of guinea-pig brain, the characteristics of the binding of [3H]-ethylketazocine, an agonist for the putative kappa-receptor, were determined by estimation of the affinity and capacity of binding, by competitive inhibition for the binding site by unlabelled ligands and by selective protection of the binding site from alkylation by phenoxybenzamine. 2. At 25 degrees C the maximum number of binding sites for [3H]-ethylketazocine was about 14 pmol/g fresh brain, of which about 50% were high affinity sites. 3. In competition experiments, the high affinity binding of [3H]-ethylketazocine to the kappa-binding site was readily displaced by several kappa-agonists but not by the selective mu-ligand, D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5-enkephalin or the selective delta ligand, D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin. In contrast, the kappa-agonists tested so far exhibit a high degree of cross-reactivity with the mu-binding site but somewhat less with the sigma-binding site. Similar specificities were observed in protection experiments. 4. The approximate proportions of the three subtypes of opiate receptor in the guinea-pig brain are 25% mu-binding sites, 45% delta-binding sites and 30% kappa-binding sites. 5. The endogenous opioids, Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin and porcine beta-endorphin have only a low affinity for the kappa-binding site.
Synergistic effects of sildenafil on relaxation of rabbit and rat cavernosal smooth muscles when combined with various vasoactive agents (2001)

These results suggest potentially effective combined therapies of sildenafil and intraurethral or intracavernosal prostaglandin-E1, intracavernosal forskolin or VIP, or oral phentolamine for patients with erectile dysfunction who have no success after monotherapy with these agents.
A Semantic Query Interpreter framework by using knowledge bases for image search and retrieval (2010)

Due to the ubiquitous ness of the digital media including broadcast news, documentary videos, meeting, movies, etc. and the progression in the technology and the decreasing outlay of the storage media leads to an increase in the data production. This explosive proliferation of the digital media without appropriate management mimics its exploitation. Presently, the multimedia search and retrieval are an active research dilemma among the academia and the industry. The online data repositories like Google, YouTube, Flicker, etc. provides a gigantic bulk of information but findings and accessing the data of interest becomes difficult. Due to this explosive proliferation, there is a strong urge for the system that can efficiently and effectively interpret the user demand for searching and retrieving the relevant information. In order to cope with these problems, we are proposing a novel technique for automatic query interpretation known as the Semantic Query Interpreter (SQI). SQI interprets the user query both lexically and semantically by using open source knowledge bases i.e. WordNet and ConceptNet. Effectiveness of the proposed method is explored on the open-benchmark image data set the LabelMe. Experimental results manifest that SQI shows substantial rectification over the traditional ones.