gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prospects for reducing the processing cost of lithium ion batteries (2014)

A detailed processing cost breakdown is given for lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes, which focuses on: 1) elimination of toxic, costly N -methylpyrrolidone (NMP) dispersion chemistry; 2) doubling the thicknesses of the anode and cathode to raise energy density; and 3) reduction of the anode electrolyte wetting and SEI-layer formation time. These processing cost reduction technologies generically adaptable to any anode or cathode cell chemistry and are being implemented at ORNL. This paper shows step by step how these cost savings can be realized in existing or new LIB manufacturing plants using a baseline case of thin (power) electrodes produced with NMP processing and a standard 10–14-day wetting and formation process. In particular, it is shown that aqueous electrode processing can cut the electrode processing cost and energy consumption by an order of magnitude. Doubling the thickness of the electrodes allows for using half of the inactive current collectors and separators, contributing even further to the processing cost savings. Finally wetting and SEI-layer formation cost savings are discussed in the context of a protocol with significantly reduced time. These three benefits collectively offer the possibility of reducing LIB pack cost from $502.8 kW h −1 -usable to $370.3 kW h −1 -usable, a savings of $132.5/kWh (or 26.4%). • A comprehensive cost study on lithium-ion electrode processing is reported. • Advanced electrode processing can save up to $111/kWh-usable. • Reduced SEI-layer formation time can save an additional $22/kWh-usable. • These processing technologies are amenable to any anode or cathode chemistry. • Capital cost savings realized and cell processing bottlenecks addressed.
Comparison of RGB and HSV Color Spaces for motion Capture and Analysis of Individuals With limb Discrepancy (2019)

Motion capture (MoCap) systems are powerful tools in health and rehabilitation fields. While optical MoCaps are very good solutions for gait and movements, they are very expensive. Microsoft Kinect appears as an alternative to them as a low cost markerless RGB-D technology capable of performing kinematic analysis. However, based on machine learning models, Kinect has well-defined body patterns excluding the possibility of being used in people with limb dysmetria. Based on the exposed, this work aims to test a hybrid tool using Kinect v2 to analyze movements of individuals with dysmetria. As the objective is to develop a system capable of being used in clinical environment, two colorspaces - RGB and HSV - are used. Thus, the tests were performed in two environments (clinical and controlled), with an individual with lower limb discrepancy. The subject was submitted to four predefined movements in both environments. Numerical analysis was performed using Matlab to quantify the success rate of capture - where there is no optical occlusion - and limb lengths. The data obtained from the color systems were analyzed in order to verify which one has less interference from the environment and to indicate the viability of using them as a tool for capturing movement of people with different biotypes.
Shift in Mass Transfer of Wastewater Contaminants from Microplastics in the Presence of Dissolved Substances (2017)

In aqueous environments, hydrophobic organic contaminants are often associated with particles. Besides natural particles, microplastics have raised public concern. The release of pollutants from such particles depends on mass transfer, either in an aqueous boundary layer or by intraparticle diffusion. Which of these mechanisms controls the mass-transfer kinetics depends on partition coefficients, particle size, boundary conditions, and time. We have developed a semianalytical model accounting for both processes and performed batch experiments on the desorption kinetics of typical wastewater pollutants (phenanthrene, tonalide, and benzophenone) at different dissolved-organic-matter concentrations, which change the overall partitioning between microplastics and water. Initially, mass transfer is externally dominated, while finally, intraparticle diffusion controls release kinetics. Under boundary conditions typical for batch experiments (finite bath), desorption accelerates with increasing partition coefficients for intraparticle diffusion, while it becomes independent of partition coefficients if film diffusion prevails. On the contrary, under field conditions (infinite bath), the pollutant release controlled by intraparticle diffusion is not affected by partitioning of the compound while external mass transfer slows down with increasing sorption. Our results clearly demonstrate that sorption/desorption time scales observed in batch experiments may not be transferred to field conditions without an appropriate model accounting for both the mass-transfer mechanisms and the specific boundary conditions at hand.
Differential Equations and the Battle of Trafalgar (1985)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsDavid H. NashDavid Nash is Associate Professor of Mathematics at Drexel University, which he joined in 1981. He received a Ph.D. in mathematics under Professor Donald Sarason at the University of California at Berkeley in 1970, and was a Woodrow Wilson Teaching Intern at Virginia State College, Petersburg (1970–71), and a mathematician at General Motors. Research Laboratories (1972–77) and Worldwide Product Planning Group (1977–81). He is involved with mathematical forecasting, market research and the use of microcomputers in education and business. In addition to his position at Drexel, he is president of two small consulting companies.
Automatic clustering of wafer spatial signatures (2013)

In this paper, we propose a methodology based on unsupervised learning for automatic clustering of wafer spatial signatures to aid yield improvement. Our proposed methodology is based on three steps. First, we apply sparse regression to automatically capture wafer spatial signatures by a small number of features. Next, we apply an unsupervised hierarchical clustering algorithm to divide wafers into a few clusters where all wafers within the same cluster are similar. Finally, we develop a modified L-method to determine the appropriate number of clusters from the hierarchical clustering result. The accuracy of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by several industrial data sets of silicon measurements.
A Stable Digital Impedance Circuit Design Method for Resistive Source Impedances (2022)

The recent discovery that the input impedance of digital impedance circuits is dependent on the external source impedance requires the development of new design procedures to address the significant complexity of this discovery. These circuits are of particular utility for the implementation of difficult non-Foster impedances such as negative capacitance. Therefore, a new digital impedance circuit design procedure is presented where stable digital filter coefficients are computed to provide desired digital impedance values at two chosen frequencies, given that a stable solution exists. The new design procedure explicitly addresses the aforementioned dependence on the external source impedance for digital impedance circuits with resistive sources. Lastly, simulation results from a negative capacitance design example are compared to the new theory to confirm the efficacy of the new design procedure.
Multiple regulatory signals in the control region of the Escherichia coli carAB operon. (1984)

The first reaction in pyrimidine and arginine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli is catalyzed by a single enzyme, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (EC 6.3.5.5), the product of the carAB operon. Expression of this operon is cumulatively repressed by arginine and pyrimidines. The nucleotide sequence of the carAB control region was determined and transcriptional starts were localized. Two adjacent promoters, 70 base pairs apart, appear to be used in vivo, the downstream one overlapping a typical arginine operator. The absence of any attenuation-like sequence excludes such a mechanism for pyrimidine-mediated repression. Various fragments of the carA promoter-proximal region were fused in vitro with the lacZ gene. Results obtained with these fusions indicate that (i) translation of the carA gene can be initiated in vivo without an AUG codon but very likely with an UUG or an AUU codon; (ii) the carAB downstream promoter is repressed by arginine; and (iii) the carAB upstream promoter is repressed by pyrimidines and subject to stringent control. When carried by a multicopy plasmid the carAB control region escapes repression by arginine and pyrimidines. The existence of a pyrimidine repressor, present in limiting amounts in the cell, is therefore postulated.
Effects of cage model, density, group size, genotype and their interactions upon productivity, behaviour patterns and physiological welfare indicators in laying hens (2006)

International audience
Alanine Aminotransferase Levels among Volunteer Blood Donors: Geographic Variation and Risk Factors (1982)

The incidence of elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum of volunteer blood donors from different geographic areas of the United States was evaluated. Five regional blood collection centers participated by collecting samples randomly from volunteer blood donors. Serum samples were centrally tested for elevated ALT levels, and a sociodemographic questionnaire was sent to donors with elevated ALT levels and to a randomly selected group with normal levels. Significant regional variation was found in the incidence of elevated ALT levels. Age, sex, and the use of alcohol were all significantly associated with elevated ALT levels. These preliminary data are important in the consideration of a program to screen blood donors for elevated ALT levels in serum.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer between C60-Pendant Calixarene and Captured Electron Donor:  Improvement of Electron-Transfer Efficiency by Applying Host−Guest Chemistry (2002)

A photoinduced electron transfer between C60 connected with calixarene (calix-C60) and a molecule in which aniline and ammonium are connected (ammonium aniline), in which the ammonium moiety is included in the calixarene, has been investigated. By connecting it with calixarene, C60 is given the ability to interact with the primary alkylammonium. In the calix-C60/ammonium aniline system, the calixarene moiety of calix-C60 is capable of interacting with the ammonium moiety to form a donor−acceptor dyad via the cation-π-type inclusion mechanism in the solution. When a selective pulse laser irradiates the C60 moiety of the calix-C60/ammonium-aniline dyad, C60 anion radical formation was observed in high quantum yield ( = 0.95). From transient spectroscopies, it is confirmed that the electron-transfer proceeds through the dissociation of the exciplex of 3(C60-aniline)* in the calix-C60/ammonium aniline system. By applying interaction between calixarene and ammonium, the electron transfer is accelerated in dyad, greatly increasing the quantum yield for electron transfer. The produced radical anion of the C60 moiety persists for about 1 ms, and the back electron-transfer process obeys second-order kinetics, indicating that the radical anion of the C60 moiety and the radical cation of the aniline moiety are solvated separately. A novel strategy for constructing a new class of efficient electron-transfer systems by using a calixarene as a reagent capture unit was demonstrated.
MAC-Forced Forwarding: A Method for Subscriber Separation on an Ethernet Access Network (2006)

This document describes a mechanism to ensure layer-2 separation of
Local Area Network (LAN) stations accessing an IPv4 gateway over a
bridged Ethernet segment. The mechanism - called MAC-Forced
Forwarding - implements an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) proxy
function that prohibits Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC) address
resolution between hosts located within the same IPv4 subnet but at
different customer premises, and in effect directs all upstream
traffic to an IPv4 gateway. The IPv4 gateway provides IP-layer
connectivity between these same hosts. This memo provides information
for the Internet community.
Adaptive loop filter with directional features and similarity mapping for video coding (2012)

To improve both coding efficiency and visual quality of video coding, in this paper, we present an adaptive loop filtering design which exploits local directional characteristics exhibit in the video content. The design combines linear spatial filtering and directional filtering with a similarity mapping function. We compute and compare multiple simple directional features to classify blocks in a video frame into classes with different dominant orientations. Each class of blocks adapt to a directional filter, with symmetric constraints imposed on the filter coefficients according to the dominant orientation determined by the classification. To emphasis pixel similarity for explicit adaptation to edges, we use a simple hard-threshold mapping function to avoid artifacts arising from across-edge filtering. Our design uses only 4 filers per frame with fixed 7×7 diamond-shaped filter support, while achieving better coding efficiency and improved visual quality especially along edges, as compared to other approaches using up to 16 filters with up to 7 vertical × 9 horizontal diamond-shaped filter support.
Dual Robot Collaborative System for Autonomous Venous Access Based on Ultrasound and Bioimpedance Sensing Technology (2023)

Accurate needle insertion is an important task in many medical procedures. This paper studies the case of an autonomous needle insertion system for central venous access, which is a risky and challenging procedure involving the simultaneous manipulation of an ultrasound probe and of a catheterization needle. The goal of this medical operation is to provide access to a deep central vein, which is a key step in cardiovascular treatments or for the administration of drugs and treatments for cancer or infections. Accordingly, in this work we propose an autonomous dual-arm system for central venous access. The system is composed of two Franka robotic arms that are precisely co-registered and collaborate to achieve accurate needle insertion by combining ultrasound and bioimpedance sensing to ensure robust deep vessels visualization and venipuncture detection. The proposed system performance is evaluated on a phantom trainer through experiments simulating the jugular vein access for cardiac catheterization purposes. Quantitative results show the system is able to autonomously scan the area of interest, localize the vein and perform autonomous needle insertion with high accuracy and placement error below 1.7mm, proving the potential of the technology for real clinical use.
Adhesion to Sodium Naphthalenide Treated Fluoropolymers. Part II. Effects of Treatment Conditions and Fluoropolymer Structure (1991)

Abstract Films of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and perfluorinated copolymers (PFA and FEP), with a range of fabrication histories, were exposed to sodium naphthalenide (Na/naphth) etchant so as to defluorinate the surface for improved wettability, and hence adhesion. The depth of defluorination was measured gravimetrically and the nature of the chemical functionalities determined spectroscopically. For smooth films, the fluoropolymer type and crystallinity had little effect on the defluorination process. Surface area was the major variable affecting defluorination rate, although the presence of surface defects and deformation in skived films also increased the rate of defluorination. For all but the skived PTFE, there was little change in surface texture either after defluorination or subsequent stripping of the defluorinated layer by an acid etch. Acid stripping of the defluorinated layer on skived PTFE left a porous surface texture. The chemical nature of the surface could be changed by modifying the post-etch treatment of the specimen, for example by modifying the rinse procedure and the storage history of the specimen before the adhesive bond is made.
Short echo spectroscopic imaging of the human brain at 7T using transceiver arrays (2009)

Recent advances in magnet technology have enabled the construction of ultrahigh-field magnets (7T and higher) that can accommodate the human head and body. Despite the intrinsic advantages of performing spectroscopic imaging at 7T, increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and spectral resolution, few studies have been reported to date. This limitation is largely due to increased power deposition and B(1) inhomogeneity. To overcome these limitations, we used an 8-channel transceiver array with a short TE (15 ms) spectroscopic imaging sequence. Utilizing phase and amplitude mapping and optimization schemes, the 8-element transceiver array provided both improved efficiency (17% less power for equivalent peak B(1)) and homogeneity (SD(B(1)) = +/-10% versus +/-22%) in comparison to a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) volume coil. To minimize the echo time to measure J-modulating compounds such as glutamate, we developed a short TE sequence utilizing a single-slice selective excitation pulse followed by a broadband semiselective refocusing pulse. Extracerebral lipid resonances were suppressed with an inversion recovery pulse and delay. The short TE sequence enabled visualization of a variety of resonances, including glutamate, in both a control subject and a patient with a Grade II oligodendroglioma.
Effects of Erythropoietin-Stimulating Agents on Blood Pressure in Patients with Non-Dialysis CKD and Renal Anemia (2020)

CERA and DA may have similar effects on BP profiles in patients with non-dialysis CKD and renal anemia. ESA treatment often requires increases in the doses of antihypertensive agents.
Elevated concentrations of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in plasma of women with silicone breast implants (1996)

Plasma from 27 women with silicone breast implants (SBIs) and 50 age-matched control women without SBIs were examined by enzyme immunoassay for the presence of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and its naturally occurring receptor antagonist, IL-1ra. The results show that 74% (20 of 27) of women with SBIs had elevated concentrations of IL-1ra, whereas only 2% (1 of 50) of controls without SBIs had elevated concentrations of IL-1ra. In contrast to the IL-1ra results, the frequency of elevated IL-1 beta concentrations among women with SBIs was only 40% (11 of 27), but this was significantly higher than the 0% (0 of 50) in control women without SBIs. These findings suggest that there is a chronic ongoing inflammatory process in some women with SBIs, the implications of which are discussed in the context of silicone as an antigenic stimulant of the immune system.
Supercontinuum Generation in Suspended Core As2S3 Tapered Fiber (2020)

We report the first supercontinuum source using a tapered microstructured As <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> fiber by pumping at a wavelength of 1.938 μm. The all-fiber source leads to a supercontinuum spanning from 1.50 μm to 2.65 μm with an average power of 14.5 mW.
Itinerant-Electron Antiferromagnetism Precursor to Superconductivity in an Organic Conductor (1982)

Below 5.5 K minimally strained crystals of ${(\mathrm{TMTSF})}_{2}$${\mathrm{ClO}}_{4}$ (TMTSF: tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene) exhibit vanishing spin-resonance intensity and reduced conductivity at low microwave power. More intense microwave electric fields along the needle axis nonlinearly restore both the resonance signal and the conductivity, indicating the presence of charged spin-density waves. Very anisotropic antiferromagnetic resonances are observed at 1.6 K, confirming that an itinerant spin-density-wave state precedes the onset of superconductivity at 1.3 K.
Manual Liquid-Based Cytology: A Clinical Pilot Study of the VitroPrep™ Cytology Processing Kit (2014)

The VitroPrep Cytology Processing Kit was able to provide adequate specimens for evaluation and diagnosis. This low-cost processing kit may provide a useful alternative in settings where automated LBC systems may not be feasible.
Experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of xylenes (2006)

Abstract This paper describes an experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of the three isomers of xylene (ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐xylenes). For each compound, ignition delay times of hydrocarbon–oxygen–argon mixtures with fuel equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 2 were measured behind reflected shock waves for temperatures from 1330 to 1800 K and pressures from 6.7 to 9 bar. The results show a similar reactivity for the three isomers. A detailed kinetic mechanism has been proposed, which reproduces our experimental results, as well as some literature data obtained in a plug flow reactor at 1155 K showing a clear difference of reactivity between the three isomers of xylene. The main reaction paths have been determined by sensitivity and flux analyses and have allowed the differences of reactivity to be explained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 284–302, 2006
[P3–327]: THE ADNI3 DIFFUSION MRI PROTOCOL: BASIC + ADVANCED (2017)

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative began its third phase, ADNI3, in late 2016. As with the ADNI1 to 2 transition, ADNI3 updates the study with recent MRI advances. ADNI2 included DTI, but only for GE scanners. ADNI3 includes diffusion for all manufacturers involved (GE, Philips, and Siemens), and emphasizes consistency across scanners. The resolution has been improved from 2.7 to 2.0mm (isotropic), and, where simultaneous multislice (SMS) acceleration is available, acquires three diffusion shells, supporting advanced diffusion analyses such as NODDI1 and DKI2. To serve the general dementia research community, the diffusion protocol was designed to support three different analyses: DTI, with an emphasis on cross-sectional and longitudinal consistency; tractography, calling for more directions at higher diffusion weighting (b); and multi-compartment analyses such as NODDI and DKI, which require > 2 b values. Each depends on spatial resolution and SNR, but the time available for diffusion in ADNI3 is limited to around 8 minutes, and most scanners will not have SMS capability until partway through ADNI3. This strongly favors a HARDI-type acquisition with two protocols, a basic b=1000 s/mm2 shell, and for SMS-capable scanners, the addition of shells at b = 500 and 2000s/mm2. The directions were evenly spaced using an electrostatic repulsion algorithm3. Figure 1 shows the ADNI3 diffusion parameters.