gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Conservation of ABA Signaling for Stomatal Closure (2017)

Abscisic acid (ABA)-driven stomatal regulation reportedly evolved after the divergence of ferns, during the early evolution of seed plants approximately 360 million years ago. This hypothesis is based on the observation that the stomata of certain fern species are unresponsive to ABA, but exhibit passive hydraulic control. However, ABA-induced stomatal closure was detected in some mosses and lycophytes. Here, we observed that a number of ABA signaling and membrane transporter protein families diversified over the evolutionary history of land plants. The aquatic ferns <i>Azolla filiculoides</i> and <i>Salvinia cucullata</i> have representatives of 23 families of proteins orthologous to those of Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>) and all other land plant species studied. Phylogenetic analysis of the key ABA signaling proteins indicates an evolutionarily conserved stomatal response to ABA. Moreover, comparative transcriptomic analysis has identified a suite of ABA-responsive genes that differentially expressed in a terrestrial fern species, <i>Polystichum proliferum</i> These genes encode proteins associated with ABA biosynthesis, transport, reception, transcription, signaling, and ion and sugar transport, which fit the general ABA signaling pathway constructed from Arabidopsis and <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> The retention of these key ABA-responsive genes could have had a profound effect on the adaptation of ferns to dry conditions. Furthermore, stomatal assays have shown the primary evidence for ABA-induced closure of stomata in two terrestrial fern species <i>P</i><i>proliferum</i> and <i>Nephrolepis exaltata</i> In summary, we report, to our knowledge, new molecular and physiological evidence for the presence of active stomatal control in ferns.
A Critical Review on Soil Chemical Processes that Control How Soil pH Affects Phosphorus Availability to Plants (2019)

Occasionally, the classic understanding of the effect of pH on P uptake from soils is questioned through the claim that maximum P uptake occurs at a pH much lower than 6.5–7. The purpose of this paper was to thoroughly examine that claim and provide a critical review on soil processes that control how soil pH affects P solubility and availability. We discuss how individual P retention mechanisms are affected by pH in isolation and when combined in soils, and how both real and apparent exceptions to the classic view can occasionally occur due to dynamics between mechanisms, experimental techniques (equilibration time, method of soluble P extraction, and pH adjustment), and plant species that thrive under acidic conditions. While real exceptions to the rule of thumb of maximum P availability at near neutral pH can occur, we conclude that the classic textbook recommendation is generally sound.
Pathogenesis of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza virus NS gene reassortants in mice: the role of cytokines and B- and T-cell responses (2005)

The severity of disease caused in humans by H5N1 influenza viruses remains unexplained. The NS gene of Hong Kong H5N1/97 viruses was shown to contribute to high pathogenicity of reassortants in a pig model. However, the molecular pathogenesis and host immune response underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Here, in a mouse model, H1N1 A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR/8) reassortants that contained the H5N1/97 NS gene, the H5N1/01 NS gene, or an altered H5N1/97 NS gene encoding a Glu92-->Asp substitution in NS1 was studied. The pathogenicity of reassortant viruses, the induction of cytokines and chemokine CXCL1 (KC) in the lungs and specific B- and T-cell responses was characterized. In mice infected with reassortant virus containing the H5N1/97 NS gene, the mouse lethal dose (50%) and lung virus titres were similar to those of PR/8, which is highly pathogenic to mice. This reassortant virus required two more days than PR/8 to be cleared from the lungs of infected mice. Reassortants containing the altered H5N1/97 NS gene or the H5N1/01 NS gene demonstrated attenuated pathogenicity and lower lung titres in mice. Specific B- and T-cell responses were consistent with viral pathogenicity and did not explain the delayed clearance of the H5N1/97 NS reassortant. The reassortant induced elevated pulmonary concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines IL1alpha, IL1beta, IL6, IFN-gamma and chemokine KC, and decreased concentrations of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10. This cytokine imbalance is reminiscent of the clinical findings in two humans who died of H5N1/97 infection and may explain the unusual severity of the disease.
A Precise Yet Efficient Memory Model For C (2009)

Verification for OO programs typically starts from a strongly typed object model in which distinct objects/fields are guaranteed not to overlap. This model simplifies verification by eliminating all “uninteresting” aliasing and allowing the use of more efficient frame axioms. Unfortunately, this model is unsound and incomplete for languages like C, where “objects” can overlap almost arbitrarily. Sound verification for C therefore typically starts from an untyped memory model, where memory is just an array of bytes. The untyped model, however, adds substantial annotation burden, and reasoning in the untyped model is computationally expensive. We propose a sound, typed semantics for C that provides the annotational and computational advantages of the typed object model while remaining sound and complete for C. We maintain a predicate identifying where the “valid” objects are, and introduce invariants and proof obligations that guarantee that the valid objects are suitably antialiased, and that (almost) all objects appearing in the program are valid. We describe the implementation of this approach in VCC (a sound verifier for C being used to verify the Microsoft Hypervisor) and the resulting performance gains.
Turbo-detection for Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution (2003)

Turbo-detection applies the "turbo-principle" to iterative equalization and decoding of data transmitted via frequency-selective channels. The performance of turbo-detection strongly depends on the ISI (intersymbol interference) introduced by the modulator and the waveform channel. In order to achieve higher data rates within GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), 8-PSK modulation will be used for future GSM services called EDGE (Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution). The pulse shaping filter introduces strong intersymbol interference reducing the reliability of data detection. In this work it is shown how turbo-detection can be adopted to 8-PSK modulation. Furthermore, simulation results demonstrate the benefits of turbo-detection for EDGE in Rayleigh fading environments.
Data from IGF2 Autocrine-Mediated IGF1R Activation Is a Clinically Relevant Mechanism of Osimertinib Resistance in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt;-mutated lung cancer accounts for a significant proportion of lung cancer cases worldwide. For these cases, osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is extensively used as a first-line or second-line treatment. However, lung cancer cells acquire resistance to osimertinib in 1 to 2 years. Thus, a thorough clarification of resistance mechanisms to osimertinib is highly anticipated. Recent next-generation sequencing (NGS) of lung cancer samples identified several genetically defined resistance mechanisms to osimertinib, such as &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; C797S or &lt;i&gt;MET&lt;/i&gt; amplification. However, nongenetically defined mechanisms are not well evaluated. For a thorough clarification of osimertinib resistance, both genetic and nongenetic mechanisms are essential. By using our comprehensive protein phosphorylation array, we detected IGF1R bypass pathway activation after EGFR abolishment. Both of our established lung cancer cells and patient-derived lung cancer cells demonstrated IGF2 autocrine-mediated IGF1R pathway activation as a mechanism of osimertinib resistance. Notably, this resistance mechanism was not detected by a previously performed NGS, highlighting the essential roles of living cancer cells for a thorough clarification of resistance mechanisms. Interestingly, the immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the increased IGF2 expression in lung cancer patients who were treated with osimertinib and met the established clinical definition of acquired resistance. The findings highlight the crucial roles of cell-autonomous ligand expression in osimertinib resistance. Here, we report for the first time the IGF2 autocrine-mediated IGF1R activation as a nongenetic mechanism of osimertinib resistance in lung cancer at a clinically relevant level.&lt;/p&gt;Implications:&lt;p&gt;Using comprehensive protein phosphorylation array and patient-derived lung cancer cells, we found that IGF2 autocrine-mediated IGF1R pathway activation is a clinically relevant and common mechanism of acquired resistance to osimertinib.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
MUBFP: Multi-user beamforming and partitioning in downlink MIMO systems (2015)

Multi-user beamforming (MUBF) scheme has been studied extensively as a linear precoding technique to achieve better performance of system capacity in downlink MIMO systems. Due to mutual interference between users, the objective of maximizing average sum capacity and fair service provisioning to different users should be well balanced in the framework of designing MUBF scheme. To this end, we consider the problem of joint optimization of multi-user beamforming and partitioning (MUBFP), which attempts to find the optimal partitioning of users and their corresponding beamforming weight vectors such that the average sum capacity is maximized. A decomposition approach is developed to decouple this problem into the user partitioning and beamformer design subproblems, which are solved using the agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm and sequential parametric convex approximation approach, respectively. An iterative algorithm is proposed to search the optimal partitioning number by incorporating the results of these two subproblems. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed MUBFP scheme.
Production of polyvinyl esters by ester interchange (1955)

Summary Mixed polyvinyl esters of acetic acid and higher fatty acids can be made by ester interchange between polyvinyl acetate and fatty esters. Their properties indicate that some of these products merit attention as materials for use in the drying oil industries. Because of their enhanced drying qualities and greater tolerance of the presence of saturated acid components, in comparison with the corresponding glycerides, they potentially broaden the range of fatty materials utilizable as drying oils.
Adaptive and Parallel Capabilities in the Multipoint Approximation Method (2008)

n the present work the Multipoint Approximation Method (MAM) has been enhanced with new capabilities that allow to solve large scale design optimization problems more efficiently. The first feature is adaptive building of approximate models during the optimization search. And the second feature is a parallel implementation of MAM. A traditional approach to adaptive building of metamodels is to check several types for their quality on a set of design points and select the best type. The technique presented in this paper is based on the assembly of multiple metamodels into one model using linear regression. The obtained coefficients of the model assembly are not weights of the individual models but regression coefficients determined by the least squares minimization method. The enhancements were implemented within Multipoint Approximation Method (MAM) method related to mid-range approximation framework. The developed technique has been tested on several benchmark problems. II. Outline of Multipoint Approximation Method (MAM) This technique (Toropov et al., 1993) replaces the original optimization problem by a succession of simpler mathematical programming problems. The functions in each iteration present mid-range approximations to the corresponding original functions. These functions are noise-free. The solution of an individual sub-problem becomes the starting point for the next step, the move limits are changed and the optimization is repeated iteratively until the optimum is reached. Each approximation function is defined as a function of design variables as well as a number of tuning parameters. The latter are determined by the weighted least squares surface fitting using the original function values (and their derivatives, when available) at several sampling points of the design variable space. Some of the sampling points are generated in the trust region, and the rest is taken from the extended trust region, i.e. the pool of points considered in the previous iterations (van Keulen et al., 1997). A general optimization problem can be formulated as
On the selection of generator matrices for polar coded communication systems (2012)

In this paper, the effects of the generator matrix selection on the polarization performance of polar coded communication systems is analyzed. We consider the problem of calculating the Bhattacharyya parameters for generator matrices of size larger than the standard size 2 × 2 and demonstrate that it is not an easy task to obtain the channel capacities in a recursive fashion, unlike the 2 × 2 generator matrix case. We obtain the polarization performance of all lower triangular generator matrices of size 3×3 numerically and obtain comparisons that also take into account asymptotical polarization rate exponents. The comparisons are then used to identify generator matrices that are suitable for finite-length polar coded communication systems.
Implementation of an SDR system using graphics processing unit (2010)

This article presents a novel procedure of implementing software defined radio modem using a graphics processing unit instead of conventional digital signal processors and/or field programmable gate arrays. Considering that modern GPU is suitable for parallel computing due to its numerous powerful arithmetic logic units, we suggest a proper architecture of hardware and software platform for the SDR modem to be implemented on GPU. Then, we show a design example of mobile WiMAX terminal implemented on the proposed GPU platform. In our experimental tests, we observed that the GPU-driven modem is nearly 90 times faster than the conventional 8-way Very Long Instruction Word architectured DSP-driven modem for the application of Viterbi decoder implementation of mobile WiMAX terminal.
Distribution of unusual polyamines in leguminous seeds (1992)

Polyamines of 18 leguminous mature seeds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine occurred ubiquitously and cadaverine, agmatine, and homospermidine were sporadically found in these seeds. Six unusual polyamines, i.e., canavalmine [NH 2 (CH 2 ) 4 NH(CH 2 ) 3 NH(CH 2 ) 4 NH 2 ], homospermine [NH 2 (CH 2 ) 4 NH(CH 2 ) 4 NH(CH 2 ) 4 NH 2 ], aminopropylcanavalmine [NH 2 (CH 2 ) 3 NH(CH 2 ) 4 NH(CH 2 ) 3 NH(CH 2 ) 4 NH 2 ], thermospermine [NH 2 (CH 2 ) 3 NH(CH 2 ) 3 NH(CH 2 ) 4 NH 2 ], and aminopropylhomospermidine [NH 2 (CH 2 ) 3 NH(CH 2 ) 4 NH(CH 2 ) 4 NH 2 ] were found in the seeds of Pisum sativum. Thermospermine and aminopropylhomospermidine were also detected in the seeds of Vicia hirsuta and Trifolium pratense, respectively. An unusual tetraamine, norspermine [NH 2 (CH 2 ) 3 NH(CH 2 ) 3 NH(CH 2 ) 3 NH 2 ], was found in the seeds of Medicago sativa and Vicia faba. The seeds of Phaseolus coccineus contained homospermine and a tertiary branched pentaamine, N 5 -aminobutylhomospermine [NH 2 (CH 2 ) 4 N((CH 2 ) 4 NH 2 )(CH 2 ) 4 NH(CH 2 ) 4 NH 2 ]. Key words: poly amine, legume, seed.
Smart technologies for sustainable cities (2014)

French-Singaporean workshop on Technologies and Applications of ultra-high frequency nano-systems, Nanyang Technological University, SINGAPOUR, SINGAPOUR, 15-/10/2014 - 17/10/2014
Ocular Manifestations of Gravity Inversion (1985)

To determine the ocular manifestations of inverting the human body into a head-down vertical position, we evaluated normal volunteers with applanation tonometry, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and ophthalmodynamometry. Compared with data obtained in the sitting position, the intraocular pressure more than doubled on inversion (35.6 +/- 4 v 14.1 +/- 2.8 mm Hg, n = 16), increasing to levels well within the glaucomatous range. Pressures in the central retinal artery underwent similar increases, while the caliber of the retinal arterioles decreased substantially. External ocular findings associated with gravity inversion included orbital congestion, conjunctival hyperemia, petechiae of the eyelids, excessive tearing (epiphora), and subconjunctival hemorrhage. We suggest that patients with retinal vascular abnormalities, macular degeneration, ocular hypertension, glaucoma, and similar disorders refrain from inversion altogether. Whether normal individuals will suffer irreversible damage from inversion is uncertain, but it seems prudent to recommend that prolonged periods of inverted posturing be avoided.
Pazopanib and Statin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis (2017)

This case of drug-induced rhabdomyolysis demonstrates an unexpected toxicity resulting from concomitant pazopanib and rosuvastatin therapy. This combination is predicted to be safe due to different, nonoverlapping effects on the cytochrome p450 enzymes. Discontinuation of statin therapy in patients with metastatic cancer should be considered when the risk of cancer-related death exceeds the risk of cardiovascular-related death.
Monoclonal Antibodies Useful in Sensitive Immunoassays for Aldicarb in Either Laboratory or the Field (2003)

Although polyclonal antisera have been used for immunodiagnostic measurement of aldicarb, both as components of commercial kits and as stand-alone products, no monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactive to this carbamate pesticide has yet been described. We have generated two MAbs with specificity to aldicarb, which function in our prototypic field immunoassays to identify this chemical in water samples. Further exploitation of these inherently stable immunoreagents should be valuable for point-of-need testing for the presence of aldicarb.
Prevalence of kidney disease in anaemia differs by GFR-estimating method: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-94) (2010)

Impaired kidney function was common in individuals with anaemia. Among anaemic individuals, the prevalence estimate for kidney disease was notably higher when kidney function was estimated by cystatin C alone compared with the estimations by serum creatinine alone or in combination with serum cystatin C. eGFR(CYSC) may be particularly helpful in identifying kidney disease in the setting of anaemia among younger persons, women and those with elevated CRP. Regardless of which renal biomarker is used, our study suggests that an evaluation for underlying kidney disease should be considered in the standard workup of anaemia.
A Hypergeometric View on Diversity Combining (2008)

Hypergeometry of objects in K dimensions is used to determine the optimum dimension of signal-to-noise ratio adaptive receivers. Previously, it is shown that the volume and surface area of many A'-dimensional objects are maximized for a particular dimension. In this paper, this observation is used to conjecture that the average performance measures of signal-to- noise ratio adaptive receivers reach a maximum for a particular dimension. The performance analysis is obtained assuming a generic two-stage diversity combining structure at the receiver front-end. Although the diversity combining schemes increase the output channel amplitude by adding more receiver antennas for any branch fading statistics, the subsequent signal-to-noise ratio adaptive signal processing creates an optimum in the number of receiver antennas. This is confirmed by numerical examples assuming a bank of detectors operating over erasure subchannels. The optimum dimension of the receiver has significant impact on the overall receiver complexity.
Common cavity pressure during gastroesophageal reflux: reassessment using simultaneous pressure, impedance, and ultrasound imaging (2006)

An increase in intraesophageal pressure during transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation [referred to as common cavity (CC) pressure] is thought to be a marker of gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Multiluminal impedance (MII) measurement is a sensitive marker of reflux entry into the esophagus during GER. We recorded GER using esophageal pressure, pH, impedance, and intraluminal ultrasound (US) images to understand the genesis of the esophageal CC pressure. Nine normal subjects underwent simultaneous MII/pH/pressure and US image recording of the esophagus for 2 h following a standardized meal. MII and pressure transducers were located at 5 and 15 cm above the LES. The US transducer and pH sensors were also placed at 5 cm above the LES. Refluxate entry into the esophagus by MII criteria was determined relative to the onset of CC pressure wave. Esophageal lumen cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle CSA during GER were determined from the US images. Eighty liquid GER episodes identified using MII criteria, of which 55 were clearly associated with CC pressure waves, were analyzed. The GER reached 15 cm above LES in 49 of 55 (89%) by MII criteria, but the CC pressure wave was observed at 5 and 15 cm during all episodes. The propagation of the CC pressure wave was simultaneous between 5 and 15 cm during 49 of 55 (89%) of the GER episodes, but reflux entry by MII criteria was retrograde during 53 of 55 (96%) of these episodes. During 5 air-reflux episodes, MII showed a simultaneous reflux entry between the 5- and 15-cm site, however, the CC pressure preceded reflux entry during all of these episodes. There was poor correlation between the luminal CSA and the magnitude of CC pressure (R(2) = 0.144). US images revealed a close temporal correlation between CC pressure and the increase in esophageal muscle thickness and muscle CSA (markers of longitudinal muscle contraction). Disassociation between CC pressure and MII-detected reflux suggests that the onset of CC pressure is not due to GER. We speculate that longitudinal muscle contraction plays an important role in the genesis of CC pressure.
The Harmonic Structure of Vowels in Singing in Relation to Pitch and Intensity (1938)

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Robust, Model-Based External Calibration of Multi-Channel Airborne SAR Sensors Using Range Compressed Raw Data (2019)

The paper describes a method for the accurate calibration of multi-channel SAR instruments, such as those required to support SAR polarimetry, single-pass interferometry and digital beam-forming (DBF), on the basis of dedicated SAR acquisitions containing reference targets with known properties. Unlike conventional approaches, the method is based entirely on the analysis of range-compressed raw data. It leverages the pulse-by-pulse analysis of amplitude, phase and delay variations observed within the range histories of reference targets to fully characterize and correct propagation direction dependent calibration issues such as those related to antenna pointing or antenna phase center positions. The fact that the approach does not require SAR image focusing in azimuth is especially relevant in the context of DBF, where individual channels need to be calibrated but are, by themselves, under-sampled. The calibration techniques presented are illustrated and validated using multi-channel polarimetric and single-pass interferometric SAR data acquired by DLR’s airborne F-SAR and DBFSAR instruments.