gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What comes after microprocessors? (2002)

“What comes after microprocessors?” is really the question of what do we build next on silicon after we meet the demand for microprocessors. Since 1965, silicon has been used to build computers, culminating in the microprocessor. However, the microprocessor seems to be reaching maturity in architecture and market penetration. What do we invent next to populate the acres of silicon produced each year with new added value? Quick fixes do not look promising. Looking at the problems and solutions of technology, we can identify a candidate. A look at technology time scales gives us some expectation of when it will appear. DANCES WITH ELECTRONS
Applications of microarrays to renal transplantation progress and possibilities (2003)

By rapidly generating global views of gene expression profiles, microarray technology offers a great advantage over traditional methods of studying gene expression. This technology is gaining rapid and widespread use in many areas of science and medicine because it can be easily adapted to study many experimental questions. This article will review the current applications of microarray technology in the field of renal transplantation, and discuss the potential impact of this technology on transplantation medicine.
Fatigue Reliability Assessment for Flexible Riser Armour Wires (2015)

Oil and gas exploitation in regions of ultra-deep water has already been started and there is a great expectation of growth in the coming years, mainly in the region known as Pre-Salt, at Brazilian’s coast. Operators, which have the concession to exploit this region, have adopted different solutions with different configurations using rigid and flexible pipes for this initial phase. However, the last structural type mentioned shows to be much more versatile, providing attractive cost/benefit solutions to the operators, in which, only in Brazil, it is forecasted a demand about 4.000 km of flexible pipes in the next years [1]. With new challenges coming, one may ask the following question: What is the structural reliability of each failure mode of these flexible pipes? Motivated by this question, this paper has the objective to do a preliminary analysis, under the structural reliability view, of the critical failure mode for the design of flexible pipes faced in Brazil, represented by the fatigue phenomenon on metallic layers. The work assesses the fatigue reliability of the armour wires, located in the bend stiffener region, for two 6″ flexible risers configurations, free-hanging and lazy-wave. They are considered to be installed in ultra-deep water (2140m depth) and are submitted to the same external environmental loads. The fatigue reliability methodology used is based on that presented in Ref. [2] including new random variables. Sensitivity analyses are also performed for the variables that most contributes to the quantified probability of failure. Calibrated safety factors (SF) are obtained for different target failure probabilities.
Supplementary Methods from Pivotal Role of the Lipid Raft SK3–Orai1 Complex in Human Cancer Cell Migration and Bone Metastases (2023)

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A Routing Scheme with Limited Flooding for Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

As deployment of sensor networks are recently expanding, a variety of services based on sensor network have been introduced. Nevertheless, problems such as network bandwidth reduction, collision occurrence and performance deterioration due to broadcasting of message in large scale networks have become main challenges. Above all, prolonging of battery lifetime becomes primary challenge to overcome for deploying sensor networks in various fields. In this paper, we present a new routing algorithm based on data-centric routing and address-based routing schemes, which is that query messages are delivered to target area by using address-based routing scheme, then, broadcast scheme is used in target area by inserting additional information of neighbor nodes into the message payload. This method prevents severe broadcast storm caused by broadcasting messages, and also provides reliable data delivery at reasonable level by utilizing address information in message. By computer simulation, our proposed scheme significantly reduces energy consumption caused by broadcasting of messages as well as it improves appropriate data reliability in wireless sensor networks.
The different crystalline modifications of TiCl3, a catalyst component for the polymerization of α‐olefins. I: α‐, β‐, γ‐TiCl3. II: δ‐TiCl3 (1961)

Abstract Crystalline TiCl 3 is the typical solid component of the catalytic system for the stereo‐specific polymerization of α‐olefins; hence a great interest in the knowledge of its crystal structure arises. Four different crystalline modifications of TiCl 3 (α, β, γ and δ) are known to date; three (β, γ, and δ) were first described in our laboratory. A preliminary structural distinction among them can be made in terms of fiber‐shaped (β) and layer (α, γ, and δ) modifications. The crystal structure of the β‐modification can, in fact, be considered as built up by linear macromolecules, while identical bidimensional (planar) macro molecules, packing with different sequences of shifts, between themselves, can originate an α‐, or γ‐, or δ‐TiCl 3 crystal. This close structural analogy explains the great similarity in physical and chemical properties of the last three modifications. In the first part of this paper, the most important structural features of α, β, and γ‐modifications are described; in the second, the structure of the most recently discovered δ‐TiCl 3 is more deeply analyzed. The presence of diffuse halos instead of sharp reflections in its Debye spectra clearly indicates the presence of a certain structural disorder; mathematical calculations (not fully reported here), based on the alternative assumption of two different statistical models of shift successions between structural layers, have led us to find the most probable succession type. As the possible shifts between adjacent structural layers cannot be different in type, in δ‐TiCl 3 , from those which take place in the ordered α‐ or γ‐modifications, we can say that, in δ‐TiCl 3 , the intervention of disorder in shift successions leads to something intermediate (in a statistical sense) between the two stated structures.
Production performance and milk fatty acid profile in grazing dairy cows offered ground corn or liquid molasses as the sole supplemental nonstructural carbohydrate source (2017)

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of ground corn or liquid molasses fed as the sole supplemental nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) source on production performance, milk fatty acid (FA) profile, grazing behavior, and N metabolism in grazing dairy cows. A strip-grazing management system was used, with cows offered a new strip of fresh herbage after each milking, resulting in approximately 16 h of access to pasture daily. Animals were fed a diet formulated to yield an 86:14 forage-to-concentrate ratio consisting [dry matter (DM) basis] of 74% mixed grass-legume herbage, 12% mixed-mostly legume baleage, 12% NSC source, and 2% mineral-vitamin premix. Twenty Jersey cows averaging (mean ± standard deviation) 121 ± 73 d in milk in the beginning of the study were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 herbage supplementation treatments: (1) baleage plus ground corn (B+GC) or (2) baleage + liquid molasses (B+LM). Both NSC sources were fed at a flat rate of 1.6 kg of DM/cow daily. The study lasted from June to September for a total of 15 wk with data and sample collection conducted in wk 3, 7, 12, and 15. Milk samples for FA analysis were collected in wk 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, and 13. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) for a randomized complete block design with repeated measures over time. Treatment × week interactions were observed for supplement DM intake, milk urea N, bite rate, urinary excretion of uric acid, and milk FA (e.g., 17:0, 18:0, cis-9,trans-11 18:2). Supplement DM intake was greatest in cows fed B+LM in wk 7, 12, and 15. Compared with cows fed B+GC, those fed B+LM had lower concentrations of milk urea N in wk 7 and 15. Milk yield, concentrations and yields of milk components, and plasma concentrations of essential AA, except Met, which was lowest with feeding B+LM, were not affected by supplementation. The plasma concentration of urea N was lowest with feeding B+LM. Cows fed B+GC spent more time grazing than those fed B+LM. Feeding B+GC increased cis-9 18:1 FA and most trans-18:1 FA in milk, whereas B+LM increased Σ odd-chain FA, Σ n-3 FA, and the trans-11 18:1 to trans-10 18:1 ratio, and decreased the n-6 to n-3 ratio. Based on current results, B+LM can entirely replace B+GC without negatively affecting milk yield or yields and concentrations of milk fat and true protein, while decreasing milk urea N, plasma urea N, and the milk trans-11 18:1 to trans-10 18:1 ratio, and increasing Σ n-3 FA.
Signaling Interplay in Ras Superfamily Function (2021)

Ras proteins function as signaling hubs that are activated by convergent signaling pathways initiated by extracellular stimuli. Activated Ras in turn regulates a diversity of downstream cytoplasmic signaling cascades. Ras proteins are founding members of a large superfamily of small GTPases that have significant sequence and biochemical similarities. Recent observations have established a complex signaling interplay between Ras and other members of the family. A key biochemical mechanism facilitating this crosstalk involves guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which serve as regulators and effectors, as well as signaling integrators, of Ras signaling.
Identifying and Characterizing Summer Diseases on ‘Babygold’ Peach in South Carolina (2006)

Summer diseases can cause significant yield losses in processing peach varieties, such as the ‘Babygold’ lines. In this study we identified and characterized the pathogens responsible for disease outbreaks in two orchards (PH and JC) located in the northern ‘Piedmont’ area of South Carolina. Three pathogens, Geotrichum candidum, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Botryosphaeria dothidea, the causal agents of sour rot, anthracnose, and Botryosphaeria fruit rot disease respectively, were identified on fruit from orchard PH using symptomology, culture and spore morphology, and ribosomal DNA analysis. G. candidum and C. acutatum were also isolated from symptomatic fruit from orchard JC. The QoI fungicide azoxystrobin and a mixture of pyraclostrobin and boscalid were evaluated for their in vitro efficacy against five isolates of each of the three pathogens to investigate their possible usefulness in designing management strategies. Azoxystrobin inhibited mycelial growth of C. acutatum isolates (EC 50 values of 0.01 to 0.55 mg/liter) but was ineffective against mycelium of G. candidum and B. dothidea isolates (EC 50 values &gt;300 mg/liter). The pyraclostrobin-boscalid mixture was highly effective against mycelium of C. acutatum (EC 50 values of 0.01 to 0.05 mg/liter) and B. dothidea isolates (EC 50 values of 0.02 to 0.03 mg/liter), but only marginally effective against mycelium of G. candidum (EC 50 values 15.79 to 39.03 mg/liter). This study provides a diagnostic guide of pathogens that can cause summer diseases on ‘Babygold’ peaches and reports their in vitro sensitivity to registered respiration inhibitor fungicides. Accepted for publication 23 December 2005. Published 1 March 2006.
High-output-power deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode assembly using direct bonding (2016)

Abstract We fabricated high-output-power 255 and 280 nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using direct bonding. The LED chips were bonded to sapphire lenses at room temperature using either atomic diffusion bonding or surface-activated bonding. The LEDs with lenses had a higher light extraction efficiency than conventionally structured LEDs. As a result, at a forward current of 350 mA, the output power of the 255 nm LED increased by a factor of 2.8, reaching 73.6 mW, while that of the 280 nm LED increased by a factor of 2.3, reaching 153 mW.
Design strategies for 157-nm single-layer photoresists: lithographic evaluation of a poly(α -trifluoromethyl vinyl alcohol) copolymer (2000)

Poly(vinyl alcohol-co-(alpha) -trifluoromethyl vinyl alcohol) (PVA-co-CF<SUB>3</SUB>PVA) protected with an acid cleavable group was prepared as a single-layer photoresist for use in 157 nm VUV lithography. It was found that the (alpha) -trifluoromethyl substituent renders PVA-co-CF<SUB>3</SUB>PVA readily soluble in 0.262 N TMAH. The protected polymer can be spin-coated from PGMEA and preliminary studies using 248 nm exposure showed a THP protected PVA-co-CF<SUB>3</SUB>PVA undergoes chemically amplified deprotection with a clearing dose of approximately 15 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Using a VUV spectrometer, absorption coefficients of approximately 3 micrometer<SUP>-1</SUP> were observed at 157 nm with PVA-co-CF<SUB>3</SUB>PVA and THP protected PVA-co-CF<SUB>3</SUB>PVA. Detailed lithographic evaluation of the polymer is underway and design strategies for 157 nm single-layer photoresists will be discussed.
Measurement of Surface Resistance Properties with Coaxial Resonators - Review (2019)

Achieving ever decreasing surface resistance at higher field in superconducting RF accelerating structures is one of most outstanding developments in modern accelerators. The BCS theory has been used widely to estimate the surface resistance and to direct the technology. However, recent research results show that the behavior of the surface resistance further deviates from the BCS theory. So far the study on surface resistance was performed usually with cavities of single frequency which limited the study of frequency dependent surface resistance. The Center for Accelerator Science at Old Dominion University has designed and built several half wave coaxial cavities to study the frequency, temperature, and RF field dependence of surface resistance. TRIUMF in Canada also joined this line of research using such multi frequency quarter wave and half wave coaxial cavities. This type of multi mode cavity will allow us to systematically study the parameters affecting surface resistance on the same cavity surface. In this paper, we review the results ODU and TRIUMF collected so far and proper analysis methods.
Analytical model for injection-controlled excimer laser amplifiers (1988)

A semiempirical model of a pulsed, injection-controlled laser is investigated analytically and is applied primarily to extensive experimental results that have been obtained for the XeF (C to A) excimer laser. The gain medium inside an unstable cavity is represented by a folded pulsed amplifier which is seeded by a narrowband input signal. A set of coupled rate equations for the population densities of the upper laser states, the wideband absorbers, and the photon flux was numerically integrated. Measured gain and absorption of the amplifier were used as input data to evaluate the model. Excellent agreement between calculated and experimentally observed peak intensity and various other pulse characteristics such as peak shape and laser pulse delay time was obtained. This model also predicts the experimentally determined injection-control threshold for KrF excimer lasers successfully, and should be applicable to numerous other injection seeded lasers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
In situ high temperature powder neutron diffraction study of undoped and Ca-doped La28−xW4+xO54+3x/2(x = 0.85) (2013)

In situ neutron diffraction experiments of 2% Ca-doped and nominally undoped lanthanum tungstate (La28−xW4+xO54+3x/2, with x = 0.85) have been carried out under controlled pD2O and pO2 at elevated temperatures. All the diffraction patterns could be refined using an average cubic fluorite-related structure, in accordance with recent reports. The material exhibits disorder of the oxygen and the cation sublattices. Splitting of the oxygen sites around tungsten from the 32f to 96k Wyckoff position in the Fmm space group improves the model and can better represent the oxygen disorder. No phase transition was detected from room temperature up to 800 °C under any of the studied conditions. Expansion of the unit cell constants in the presence of water at intermediate and low temperatures was correlated with the formation of protonic defects. The thermal expansion coefficient for lanthanum tungstate is rather linear under all studied conditions (∼11 × 10−6 K−1). The in situ diffraction studies are correlated with dilatometry investigations and conductivity measurements.
Lensless computational imaging through deep learning (2017)

Deep learning has been proven to yield reliably generalizable solutions to numerous classification and decision tasks. Here, we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge that deep neural networks (DNNs) can be trained to solve end-to-end inverse problems in computational imaging. We experimentally built and tested a lensless imaging system where a DNN was trained to recover phase objects given their propagated intensity diffraction patterns.
H pylori antibiotic resistance: prevalence, importance, and advances in testing (2004)

Data from studies including more than 100
Facile Access to Labdane‐Type Diterpenes: Synthesis of Coronarin C, Zerumin B, Labda‐8(17), 13(14)‐Dien‐15,16‐olide and Derivatives from (+)‐Manool. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
TECHNOLOGIES TO ENHANCE OPERATION OF THE EXISTING NATURAL GAS COMPRESSION INFRASTRUCTURE (2004)

This report documents work performed in the fifth quarter of the project entitled: ''Technologies to Enhance Operation of the Existing Natural Gas Compression Infrastructure''. The project objective is to develop and substantiate methods for operating integral engine/compressors in gas pipeline service, which reduce fuel consumption, increase capacity, and enhance mechanical integrity. The report describes the following work: completion of analysis of data from first visit to second site; preparation for follow-up testing.
Experimental study of virtual machine migration in support of reservation of cluster resources (2007)

Virtual Machines are becoming increasingly valuable to resource consolidation and management, providing efficient and secure resource containers, along with desired application execution environments. This paper focuses on the VM-based resource reservation problem, that is, the reservations of CPU, memory and network resources for individual VM instances, as well as for VM clusters. In particular, it considers the scenario where one or several physical servers need to be vacated to start a cluster of VMs for dedicated execution of parallel jobs. VMs provide a primitive for transparently vacating workloads through migration; however, the process of migrating several VMs can be time-consuming and needs to be estimated. To achieve this goal, this paper seeks to provide a model that can characterize the VM migration process and predict its performance, based on a comprehensive experimental analysis. The results show that, given a certain VM's migration time, it is feasible to predict the time for a VM with other configurations, as well as the time for migrating a number of VMs. The paper also shows that migration of VMs in parallel results in shorter aggregate migration times, but with higher per-VM migration latencies. Experimental results also quantify the benefits of buffering the state of migrated VMs in main memory without committing to hard disks.
Optimal control of mass transfer in peritoneal dialysis (2006)

The aim of this work is to set up mathematical models and numerical methods to investigate the mass transfer process occurring during the peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy. More precisely the final goal is the set up of tools to find for each patient submitted to PD the best therapy profile to purify blood and remove water from the patients. First, we build up specific mathematical models to represent the physical phenomena we are interested in. As discussed in chapter 1, starting from the Kedem-Katchalsky equations, we end up with a systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations describing the various aspects of the physical problem. Then, we propose a method based on nonlinear programming techniques to solve the inverse problem arising from the need to assess the peritoneal membrane characteristics which are not directly measurable on the patient. Thanks to its flexibility we are able to support the main standard tests nowadays in use to assess the kinetic properties of the peritoneum. We devise a suitable parametrization of the control function (DPD Dynamic Peritoneal Dialysis) that allows to improve the standard PD profiles with a larger set of treatments. Then we propose an optimization algorithm to improve the PD efficiency. Moreover, in the framework of control theory, we devise an algorithm based on the maximum principle of Pontryagin for switched systems to investigate deeply the PD optimal control problem. Afterwards we carry out numerical simulations, investigating the main inputs influencing the peritoneal dialysis efficiency. Specifically we show an extensive comparison between the APD (Automated Peritoneal Dialysis) and DPD (Dynamic Peritoneal Dilaysis) in order to assess the conditions under which DPD allows to improve the PD performance. Then a numerical investigation based on the algorithm devised for switched systems is carried out to assess the adequacy of DPD. Moreover we set up a procedure to reach an efficiency target and minimize the patient's exposure to glucose in order to improve the PD biocompatibility. Finally, we present the validation results of the mathematical model in order to verify its accuracy. A comparison between the APD and DPD is presented. Moreover we carry out a statistical analysis to assess the error distribution related to the most relevant quantities in order to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of this model and to identify the needs for a further improvement.
Neue anorganische Ringsysteme. XV. Die sechsgliedrigen Ringsysteme PIIISi2N3, [PvSi2N3]⊕ und PvSi2N3 (1973)

Abstract Die in Schema 1 zusammengefaßten Verbindungen I bis X der Ringsysteme der Titelüberschrift wurden erstmalig dargestellt und über Elementaranalysen, IR‐, 1 H‐ und 31 P‐NMR‐Spektren in ihrer Struktur sichergestellt.
Effect of Head-Neck Position on Cervical Facet Stretch of Post Mortem Human Subjects during Low Speed Rear End Impacts (2004)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of head-neck position on cervical facet stretch during low speed rear end impact. Twelve tests were conducted on four Post Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS) in a generic bucket seat environment. Three head positions, namely Normal (neutral), Zero Clearance between the head and head restraint, and Body Forward positions were tested. A high-speed x-ray system was used to record the motion of cervical vertebrae during these tests. Results demonstrate that: a) The maximum mean facet stretch at head restraint contact occurs at MS4 and MS5 for the Body Forward condition, b) The lower neck flexion moment, prior to head contact, shows a non-linear relationship with facet stretch, and c) "Differential rebound" during rear end impact increases facet stretch.
Minor stroke in large vessel occlusion: A matched analysis of patients from the German Stroke Registry–Endovascular Treatment (GSR‐ET) and patients from the Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke–International Stroke Thrombolysis Register (SITS‐ISTR) (2022)

Our study suggests similar effectiveness of IVT alone compared to EVT with or without IVT in minor stroke patients. There is an urgent need for randomized controlled trials on this topic.