gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Telemetry ground system development via the component approach (1993)

NASA's deployment of major space projects such as the Earth Observing System (EOS) will demand increased functionality and ground-based telemetry processing performance well above current capabilities. At the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, custom hardware and software components have been developed and combined into a unique architecture to address this problem. The hardware components utilize Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC's) developed specifically to support NASA's telemetry data systems needs and designed to handle data rates up to 300 Mbps. A generalized set of software components, called the Telemetry Processing Control Environment facilitate the rapid construction of control and monitoring functions for the ground-based telemetry processing systems. This combination of hardware and software elements enables rapid construction of flexible, cost-effective telemetry processing systems capable of meeting the performance requirements facing NASA in the coming decade.
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) by Combined Low Salinity Water/Polymer Flooding (2013)

Recently, low salinity brine injection has been given a great interest as a technique for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by waterflooding. Varying experimental results have been reported in the literature, from many promising results to limited or no effects of low salinity. The application of low salinity water in combination with other established EOR processes (e.g., surfactant flooding and polymer flooding) is of great interest. The combined processes involve dampening capillarity to avoid trapping of mobilized oil, reducing residual oil saturation (Sor), and altering frontal stability and sweep. In this article, we address the questions of timing of LS injection and the added benefit of polymer injection. Secondary-mode (at initial water saturation) and tertiary-mode (after seawater residual oil saturation) low salinity waterflooding experiments were performed on outcrop Berea sandstone core material. The main results are the oil recovery efficiencies of these two different flooding modes. These results show an increase in oil recovery of about 13% of the original oil in place (OOIP) in secondary-mode compared to tertiary-mode low salinity waterflooding. Moreover, the effect of polymer injection was found to be more positive when low salinity was initialized from the start of water injection (secondary mode). In this case, the final recovery factor increased to about 90% OOIP. Possible mechanisms for low salinity and low salinity polymer injection are discussed.
Efficient and Color‐Tunable Oxyfluoride Solid Solution Phosphors for Solid‐State White Lighting (2011)

A solid solution strategy helps increase the efficiency of Ce3+ oxyfluoride phosphors for solid-state white lighting. The use of a phosphor-capping architecture provides additional light extraction. The accompanying image displays electroluminescence spectra from a 434-nm InGaN LED phosphor that has been capped with the oxyfluoride phosphor.
Structural and Serological Characterisation of the O‐Antigenic Polysaccharide of the Lipopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter Junii Strain 65 (1997)

A polysaccharide containing rhamnose (Rha) and Gal was isolated by acetic acid hydrolysis, followed by gel-permeation chromatography, from the water-soluble lipopolysaccharide (phenol/water extracted) from Acinetobacter junii strain 65. The polysaccharide was characterised by means of monosaccharide analyses, Smith degradation, and NMR studies, and was shown to have a linear pentasaccharide repeating unit, as depicted below. This structure was specifically recognised in western blots and enzyme immunoassays by polyclonal rabbit antisera. [structure in text]
Electron transport, attachment and ionization in c-C4F8 and iso-C4F8 (1972)

Simultaneous measurements of electron D/μ (diffusion coefficient/mobility) values, attachment and ionization coefficients are reported over the range 100<E/p<210 in perfluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8) and the range 140<E/p<270 in perfluorobutene-2 (iso-C4F8). Electron drift velocities have also been measured in these two isomers over the same range. The D/μ values in iso-C4F8 are substantially lower than those in c-C4F8 and indicate that the difference in the molecular structures of these two isomers is of profound importance in this context. In general, the D/μ values are significantly lower than those in the perfluoroalkanes CnF2n+2 (n=1-4) or in SF6 at comparable E/p values. Comparison of the attachment coefficients at any given D/μ in the range D/μ=1·6-3·2 V suggests that the (total) attachment cross section in c-C4F8 is smaller than that in iso-C4F8. The drift velocities in iso-C4F8 are consistently higher (by about 7·5%) than those in c-C4F8.
Si-based two-terminal resistive switching nonvolatile memory (2008)

We present recent studies on amorphous silicon (a-Si) based resistive switching nonvolatile memory devices. The devices exhibit excellent performance of high on/off resistance ratio, high yield, fast speed, long retention/endurance and are fully compatible with CMOS processing. High-density crossbar arrays were successfully demonstrated without degradation of the device performance as compared to single cell level devices.
The Severity of Retinal Degeneration inRp1hGene-Targeted Mice Is Dependent on Genetic Background (2009)

The severity of the retinal degeneration caused by the Rp1h(tm1Eap) allele is notably dependent on genetic background. The development and characterization of the B6.129S-Rp1h(+/tm1Eap) and A.129S(B6)-Rp1h(+/tm1Eap) congenic mouse lines will facilitate identification of sequence alterations in genes that modify the severity of RP1 disease.
AUTOMOTIVE FUELS REFERENCE BOOK. SECOND EDITION (1995)

The first edition of this best-selling, widely-used book was published as the Automotive Fuels Handbook in 1990. Since that time, significant progress has been made in fuels technology, and major changes in the industry have occurred. Some of these changes include the wider introduction of reformulated fuels, the introduction of new additives for primary and secondary treatment of diesel fuels, and the increase in legislation related to exhaust emissions control. This second edition covers these changes and provides the most thorough single resource of fuels technology currently available. The book has been extensively updated to reflect current technology on automotive fuels and fuel quality. Information has been included on the health and environmental effects of fuels, the alternative fuels LPG, LNG, and CNG, and tables of conversion and heating values.
GRAPH-BASED CLASS TESTING (1994)

In contrast to the explosion of activity in object-oriented design and programming, little attention has been given to object testing. Two tasks arise: (1) testing a base class C and (2) testing a class derived from C, assuming C has been thoroughly tested. We describe test inputs as traces: sequences of function calls. Testgraphs are used to specify the large number of traces typically required for thorough testing. A testgraph partially models the states and transitions of a class implementation. Testgraph traversal may be varied to produce different test inputs. Outputs are verified using an executable oracle: a class specifically developed to check output correctness. Surprisingly thorough testing is achievable with simple testgraphs and oracles. The key is designing the two together, to avoid inputs for which output checking is hard. In testing derived classes, we focus on reducing the cost of test development by reusing base class tests and test code. Testgraphs provide a convenient structure for such reuse. We illustrate our approach using detailed examples.
Multiobjective Optimization With Application to Model Validation and Uncertainty Quantification (2007)

Abstract History Matching in Reservoir Simulation, well location and production optimization etc. is generally a multi-objective optimization problem. The problem statement of history matching for a realistic field case includes many field and well measurements in time and type, e.g. pressure measurements, fluid rates, events such as water and gas break-throughs, etc. Uncertainty parameters modified as part of the history matching process have varying impact on the improvement of the match criteria. Competing match criteria often reduce the likelihood of finding an acceptable history match. It is an engineering challenge in manual history matching processes to identify competing objectives and to implement the changes required in the simulation model. In production optimization or scenario optimization the focus on one key optimization criterion such as NPV limits the identification of alternatives and potential opportunities, since multiple objectives are summarized in a predefined global objective formulation. Previous works primarily focus on a specific optimization method. Few works actually concentrate on the objective formulation and multi-objective optimization schemes have not yet been applied to reservoir simulations. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization approach applicable to reservoir simulation. It addresses the problem of multi-objective criteria in a history matching study and presents analysis techniques identifying competing match criteria. A Pareto-Optimizer is discussed and the implementation of that multi-objective optimization scheme is applied to a case study. Results and consequences for the uncertainty quantification are presented.
Cogeneration Technology Alternatives Study (CTAS): General Electric Company final report. Volume I. Summary report (1980)

Large savings can be made in industry by cogenerating electric power and process heat in single energy conversion systems rather than separately in utility plants and in process boilers. This study examines the use of various advanced energy conversion systems and compares them with each other and with current technology systems for their savings in fuel energy, costs, and emissions in individual plants and on a national level. About fifty industrial processes from the largest energy consuming sectors were used as a basis for matching a similar number of energy conversion systems that are considered as candidate which can be made available by the 1985 to 2000 time period. The sectors considered included food, textiles, lumber, paper, chemicals, petroleum, glass, and primary metals. The energy converison systems included steam and gas turbines, diesels, thermionics, stirling, closed-cycle and steam injected gas turbines, and fuel cells. Fuels considered were coal, both coal and petroleum-based residual and distillate liquid fuels, and low Btu gas obtained through the on-site gasification of coal. An attempt was made to use consistent assumptions and a consistent set of groundrules specified by NASA for determining performance and cost. Atmospheric and pressurized fluidized bed steam turbine systems are the most attractive of the direct coal-fired systems. Open-cycle gas turbines with heat recovery steam generators and combined-cycles with NO/sub x/ emission reduction and moderately increased firing temperatures are the most attractive of the coal-derived liquid-fired systems.
Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes — Microvascular and Cardiovascular Outcomes (2022)

In participants with type 2 diabetes, the incidences of microvascular complications and death were not materially different among the four treatment groups. The findings indicated possible differences among the groups in the incidence of any cardiovascular disease. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and others; GRADE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01794143.).
Transfer of T‐DNA and Vir proteins to plant cells byAgrobacterium tumefaciensinduces expression of host genes involved in mediating transformation and suppresses host defense gene expression (2003)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogen that incites crown gall tumors by transferring to and expressing a portion of a resident plasmid in plant cells. Currently, little is known about the host response to Agrobacterium infection. Using suppressive subtractive hybridization and DNA macroarrays, we identified numerous plant genes that are differentially expressed during early stages of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Expression profiling indicates that Agrobacterium infection induces plant genes necessary for the transformation process while simultaneously repressing host defense response genes, thus indicating successful utilization of existing host cellular machinery for genetic transformation purposes. A comparison of plant responses to different strains of Agrobacterium indicates that transfer of both T-DNA and Vir proteins modulates the expression of host genes during the transformation process.
Theory of Measuring the Selfsame Single Fluorescent Molecule in Solution Suited for Studying Individual Molecular Interactions by SPSM-FCS (2002)

Abstract Three exact criteria are first derived for the probabilities that determine single molecule sensitivity in single-phases, for example in solutions or membranes. It is shown how the criteria can be used to decide whether single molecule sensitivity is obtained. Most straightforwardly, all we require is that we experimentally determine the Poisson probability for the absolute number of fluorescent molecules in the volume of observation. This is achieved by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and allows identifying the selfsame, one single fluorescent molecule in single-phases. Further, we first provide the new and powerful analytical capability to fluorescencetagged inidividual molecules and reactions in in-vitro and living systems to follow their molecular interactions and function by means of spatial stochastic behavior. This fully stochastic modeling is derived which describes the influence of spatial separation on the reaction coordinate of one single individual molecule in single-phases within the observation volume. The theoretical concept is applied to experimental data 'at the single-molecule level' of photosensitive riboflavin and riboflavin-containing blue fluorescence protein. The data were taken from the literature. As simulation results of the elucidative examples, experiments are suggested that would measure individual, single molecules of flavins and flavoproteins m solution. They are of importance for experimentalists.
Detection of HLA-B*58:01 with TaqMan assay and its association with allopurinol-induced sCADR (2014)

HLA-B*58:01 has a strong association with allopurinol-induced sCADR in Han Chinese. The newly developed method is reliable for HLA-B*58:01 detection prior to allopurinol therapy.
Effects of Top-Loading a Zero-Link Bovine Hemoglobin, OxyVita, on Systemic and Microcirculatory Variables (2013)

This study was designed to test the effect of top-load infusions of increasing doses of two versions of the novel, high molecular weight hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, OxyVita and OxyVita C solution ([Hb] = 6 g/dL), on mean arterial pressure (MAP), arteriolar diameter, and tissue oxygenation. Experiments were carried out on 18 anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats in which microcirculatory observations were made on the spinotrapezius muscle. Intravenous infusions of four increasing doses of the OxyVita solutions (2, 22, 230, and 780 mg/kg) were made for each group, and a separate group of animals was used for volume control. Tissue oxygenation was measured as interstitial fluid (ISF) PO2 using phosphorescence quenching microscopy. Increasing doses of either OxyVita solution or Lactated Ringer's solution (LRS, volume control) were associated with increasing MAP. For LRS infusions, MAP returned to baseline between each incremental dose injected, whereas there was an incomplete return for either of the OxyVita solutions. ISF PO2 for OxyVita was significantly lower than that for either LRS or OxyVita C, whereas ISF PO2 for OxyVita C was never statistically different from LRS. There were no significant changes in arteriolar diameters for LRS and either of the OxyVita solutions.
Multiple Myeloma Cells Survival and Proliferation Rely on High Levels and Activity of the Serine-Threonine Kinase CK2. (2004)

Abstract Survival and proliferation of Multiple Myeloma plasma cells (MMPCs) depend on the activation of signaling pathways through the interaction with the surrounding bone marrow microenvironment. CK2 is a ubiquitous cellular serine-threonine kinase, whose involvement in oncogenic transformation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression has recently become matter of intense research. Due to its connection with signaling molecules pivotal for plasma cell (PCs) survival, such as those implicated in the TNF-α/NF-κB, IGF1/PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, CK2 is likely to play a central role in MM biology. We investigated CK2 function in MMPCs survival and cell cycle progression, in the modulation of the sensitivity to chemotherapeutics and in the regulation of the I-κB/NF-κB dependent pathway. We first analysed the CK2 protein levels and specific kinase activity in MMPCs. Different cell lines and highly purified CD138+ PCs from 5 patients were used. We observed higher protein levels of the CK2 catalytic subunit αin the neoplastic MMPCs than in controls (resting peripheral blood and splenic B lymphocytes). Moreover, also the total CK2-dependent kinase activity was found significantly increased in MMPCs. We also assessed the levels and pattern of total protein phosphorylation by radioactive phosphate incorporation assay. We found that MMPCs share a similar pattern of phoshorylated proteins. The degree of phosphorylation of some of these proteins was significantly reduced in the presence of specific CK2 inhibitors. Next, using a panel of highly specific CK2 inhibitors, we studied the effects of hampering CK2 function in MMPCs. A dose-dependent cytotoxic effect was observed after the treatment with such compounds that was associated with the activation of both the extrinsic and intrinsic caspase-dependent pathways, the release from mitochondria of cytochrome c and smac/diablo and cell cycle arrest in G2-M. A possible role for CK2 inhibition in sensitising MMPCs to melphalan-induced apoptosis was also investigated. Indeed, CK2 blockade lowered the threshold of sensitivity of MMPCs to the cytotoxic effect of melphalan. We then looked at the consequences of CK2 blockade on the NF-κB dependent signaling cascade. Basal and TNF-α-dependent I-κB-αdegradation, as well as NF-κB transcriptional activity upon TNF-αstimulation, were partially impaired by CK2 blockade in MMPCs. Finally, we detected association between the endogenous αcatalytic subunit of CK2 and the NF-κB p50/p105 member by confocal microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation. Altogether, our data suggest a pivotal role for CK2 in controlling survival, proliferation and sensitivity to chemotherapeutics of MMPCs and implicate this kinase in the regulation of the NF-κB pathway in MM through the modulation of I-κB protein levels and NF-κB transcriptional activity. This latter effect is possibly exerted through physical association of CK2 with NF-κB transcription factors. Our findings also suggest that CK2 inhibition could be exploited as a novel therapeutic approach for MM.
High displacement piezoelectric actuators: characterization at high load with controlled end conditions (2002)

Piezoelectric ceramic transducers are characterized by relatively small strains on the order of 0.1%. Methods of achieving larger displacements include mechanical amplifiers and flexural mode actuators, such as unimorphs or bimorphs. A particular type of stressed unimorph flexural actuator, the "THUNDER" actuator, provides enhanced flexural strain. (THUNDER/sup TM/ is a trademark of FACE International Corporation). However, displacement has generally not been characterized as a function of load, which was needed for our application. We found that load and displacement were very sensitive to end conditions, which has also not been reported in the literature. The commercially available THUNDER/sup TM/ model 8-R rectangular actuators were chosen for the research presented here. They were operated in a flexural mode, and used to characterize displacement as a function of load under well-controlled end conditions. Our experimental results show that progressively restrictive end conditions increased the stiffness, ranging from 2.5N/m to 23N/m, which increased the load capabilities of the actuator. In some cases, displacement actually increased as a function of load as well. This enhanced stiffness was obtained at a cost of reduced no-load flexural strain (defined as the ratio of flexural displacement and ceramic length), ranging from 1.08% for free end conditions to 0.2% for highly restricted end conditions. The load bearing capabilities were tested out to 10N for most end conditions.
Short Peptide Motifs for Long-Lasting Anchoring to the Cell Surface (2014)

A rational design strategy has been developed for the construction of stable peptide-based anchors for the efficient modification of cell surfaces. Six types of peptide composed of five residues with divalent hydrophobic groups have been designed using this new strategy. Among them, a peptide with a sequence of NBD-Lys-Lys(X)-Lys-Lys-Lys(X)-NH2 (NBD: fluorophore, Lys(X): N-ε-palmitoyl-l-lysine) was found to show the highest modification efficacy and longevity in culture medium. The good performance of this peptide was attributed to (1) its high aqueous solubility, which allowed it to partition from the medium to the cell surface, and (2) the high binding affinity of the saturated palmitoyl groups to the cell membrane. We found that the distribution of the peptide was affected by recycling endosome, which enabled the representation of the peptide following its endocytotic disappearance from the cell membrane. Biotin was also presented on the cell surface using this peptide-based anchor to examine its recognition by streptavidin. The efficacy of the recognition process increased as the length of the oligoethylene glycol spacer increased, indicating that it was necessary for the biotin tag to move away from the membrane glycoproteins on the cell surface to facilitate its efficient recognition by streptavidin.
The energy and elastic dipole tensor of defects in ionic crystals calculated by the supercell method (1985)

The energy, the elastic dipole tensor and the entropy of point defects in ionic crystals are usually calculated by the Mott-Littleton approach, which treats a single defect in an infinite crystal. The authors suggest that there may be advantages, particularly for the dipole tensor and the entropy, in performing the calculations in periodically repeating geometry. They examine how this 'supercell' method can be used for the energy and the dipole tensor, paying attention to the problem that for charged defects the repeating unit carries a net charge, so that the Coulomb energy is divergent. They test the supercell method on a number of both charged and uncharged defects, and show that the results for the energy and dipole tensor are in close agreement with those obtained by the conventional approach.
Highly Sensitive Impedimetric Biosensor Based on Thermolysin Immobilized on a GCE Modified with AuNP‐decorated Graphene for the Detection of Ochratoxin A (2020)

Abstract The fabrication of a thermolysin‐based biosensor capable of detecting ochratoxin A (OTA) from food samples is described. The electrochemical deposition of calcium cross‐linked cellulose film (CCLC) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on graphene (GR) for modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is the first step. Then the thermolysin (TLN) enzyme in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethylenimine (PEI) matrix is immobilized. The impedimetric biosensor response is linear from 0.2 nM to 100 nM with a detection limit of 0.2 nM. The obtained stable and reproducible biosensor is then applied for the detection of OTA in spiked extracts from coffee beans.