gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Novel 4-Arylamino-2-dialkylaminoquinazolines under High Pressure (1994)

Novel 4-arylarnino-2-dialkylaminoquinazolines (salt) were obtained in good yields by reaction of dialkylcyanamides with 4-substituted phenyl isothiocyanates at 800 MPa .The molecular structure of 6-chloro-4-(4'-chlorophenylamino)-2-dirnethylaminoquinazoline 2"-chlorobenzoate (3 e) was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis.We have been studying the reactions of dialkylcyanamides (1) with heterocumulenes, which have C-S double bond, and we have reported that the reactions of 1 with carbon disulfide or carbon oxosulfide at 500 -800 MPa give novel 1,3,5-thiadiazine derivatives.'.*These reactions do not occur at ambient pressure.In these reactions, we assumed that thiocarbamoyl isothiocyanates and thiocarbamoyl isocyanates were formed as intermediates.The process is shown in Scheme 1.During the course of our study we found that 1 react with 4-substituted phenyl isothiocyanates (2), which were other type of heterocumulenes with C-S double bond, to give novel 4-arylamino-2-dialkylaminoquinazoline salts (3) in goodmoderate yields.3In this paper, we describe result of the reactions of 1 with 2 , X-ray crystallographic analysis of 6-chloro-4-(4'-chlorophenylamino)-2-dimethylaminoquinazoline 2"-chlorobenzoate (3e), and mechanism of affording 3.
[Complex diagnosis of fragment injuries of the eye and orbit]. (2009)

The paper presents data on the prevalence and pattern of fragment injuries of the eye and orbit in the Sverdlovsk Region in 2000-2004. It describes the authors' system for complex diagnosis of metallic foreign bodies, which is based on the wide use of electron location in combination with other clinical, instrumental, and special studies. The comparative results of treating patients with the standard and proposed system, which demonstrate the advantages of the latter in small-sized fragments in particular, are given.
Targeting glucose metabolism for cancer therapy (2012)

Cellular transformation is associated with the reprogramming of cellular pathways that control proliferation, survival, and metabolism. Among the metabolic changes exhibited by tumor cells is an increase in glucose metabolism and glucose dependence. It has been hypothesized that targeting glucose metabolism may provide a selective mechanism by which to kill cancer cells. In this minireview, we discuss the benefits that high levels of glycolysis provide for tumor cells, as well as several key enzymes required by cancer cells to maintain this high level of glucose metabolism. It is anticipated that understanding which metabolic enzymes are particularly critical for tumor cell proliferation and survival will identify novel therapeutic targets.
Synthesis of ammonia borane for hydrogen storage applications (2008)

A new synthetic procedure to make the condensed phase hydrogen storage material, ammonia borane (NH3BH3, abbreviated as AB), is described and compared with previous literature procedures. Ammonia borane with a gravimetric density ca. 194 gm H2 kg−1 and a volumetric density ca. 146 H2 litre−1, is a promising chemical hydrogen storage material for fuel cell powered applications. The work shows that ammonium borohydride, NH4BH4, formed in situ by the metathesis of NH4X and MBH4 salts (M = Na, Li; X = Cl, F) in liquid NH3, can be induced to decompose in an organic ether to yield AB in near quantitative yield. The purity of the AB prepared by this one-pot synthetic strategy is sufficient to meet the thermal stability requirements for on-board hydrogen storage.
ENZYMIC OXIDATION AND REDUCTION OF CORTISOL WITH BACILLUS CEREUS (1976)

The enzymatic transformation of cortisol with Bacillus cereus was examined in the presence of some redox agents and enzyme inhibitors. At the early phases of fermentation, the enzymic 1, 2-dehydrogenation reaction of cortisol was highly accelerated in the presence of oxidized glutathione. Thereafter, the enzymic reduction of the 20-keto group of cortisol and prednisolone was noticeably enhanced. In the presence of reduced glutathione, prednisolone was quantitatively converted to the 20β-hydroxy derivative. The bioconversion of cortisol to prednisolone, 20β-hydroxycortisol, and 20β-hydroxyprednisolone was also activated in the presence of azide and cyanide. With iodoacetate, the 1, 2-dehydrogenation reaction was promoted while the 20-keto reduction was markedly repressed.Pretreatment of the bacterial cells with various C19 and C21 steroids as well as with cholesterol affected the transformation pattern in different manners. The 1, 2-dehydrogenation reaction of cortisol was considerably induced when the cells were pretreated with Δ1-dehydroprogesterone, Δ1, 4-androstadienedione, and Δ1-dehydrotestosterone.
Correlations Between Nucleophilicities and Selectivities in the Substitutions of Tetrahydropyran Acetals (2009)

Selectivities that deviate from SN1 stereoelectronic models in the nucleophilic substitutions of tetrahydropyran acetals were investigated. When weak nucleophiles were employed, stereoselectivities conformed to known SN1 stereoelectronic models. In contrast, stereoselectivities in the substitutions of acetals with strong nucleophiles depended on reaction conditions. Erosions in selectivities were observed when strong nucleophiles were employed in the absence of coordinating counterions. These erosions in selectivities are attributed to rates of nucleophilic additions to oxocarbenium ion intermediates that approach the diffusion limit. When triflate counterions were present, however, SN2-like pathways became accessible with strong nucleophiles. In most cases examined, the major stereoisomers formed from reactions that proceeded through SN2-like pathways were opposite to the major stereoisomers formed from the analogous reactions that proceeded through SN1 pathways.
MF Afragil® in the treatment of 34 menopause symptoms: a pilot study. (2010)

MF Afragil® was found to be efficient in reducing climacteric symptoms following a short-term administration. More prolonged treatment and more cases are under analysis to also determine its effect on osteroporosis.
A 2.7 V CMOS GSM/WCDMA continuous-time filter with automatic tuning (2002)

A 5th-order continuous-time baseband filter with 7-step gain control for a dual-mode cellular phone was implemented. A cascade of a real pole and a ladder filter implementing the complex pole pairs was used for low noise. The GBW of the opamps was made programmable to reduce the power consumption in the GSM-mode. The corner frequency tuning was facilitated by integrating a 1-bit DAC with the filter and a digital tuning circuit separately with an ADC. The integrated input referred noise is 6.9 /spl mu/V and 13.6 /spl mu/V and the circuit consumes 13 mW and 21.8 mW in the GSM- and WCDMA-modes, respectively. The IIP3 is +25 dBV in the WCDMA-mode.
TU‐C‐BRA‐09: High‐Performance Dose Calculation for Proton Radiotherapy Using GPU (2010)

Purpose : To investigate the feasibility and the potential speed gain of GPU accelerated dose calculation for proton pencil beam algorithms with heterogeneity correction and to offer solutions to obstacles in implementing our algorithm. Method and Materials : We implemented our in‐house proton dose calculation system on an NVIDIA GTX 280 graphic card and an Intel Xeon 2.83 GHz processor using the Compute Unified Device Architecture environment. Several key techniques and strategies were employed in order to optimize the performance of the GPU code. (1) Modified the scaling algorithm used to calculate lateral spreading of the proton beam in the presence of tissue inhomogeneities. (2) Used an incremental ray tracing algorithm to reduce the memory requirement for each ray allowing for better parallelization. (3) The penalty of massive non‐coalesced memory reads required for convolution/superposition was alleviated by texture fetching. (4) Parallel algorithms such as reduction and prefix sum were implemented on GPU to help avoid data transfer between the CPU and GPU memory. The performance of both implementations was evaluated on a prostate clinical case. Results : With no loss in accuracy, the dose calculation time per beamlet with our GPU implementation ranges from 200 – 500 ms compared to 15 – 40 s on CPU. Approximately 80 times speed gain is achieved for various number of convolution/superposition steps. Conclusions : GPU‐based proton dose calculation is feasible with adapted algorithms and proper implementation techniques. Close to two magnitude of performance gain can be achieved with typical hardware. We believe GPU‐based fast dose calculation can reduce the routine treatment planning workload as well as provide a feasible solution to the realization of online adaptive intensity modulated proton therapy.
On the Loss of a Friend: A Tribute to Larry S. Jordan (1991)

The national Emergency Medical Services community mourns the untimely death of Larry S.Jordan, a true champion of EMS and a dear friend to many across the United States.
The effects of interesterification on the physical properties of fats. (2002)

The physical properties of a fat or oil depend on its inherent triacyglycerol (TAG) structure, that is, its fatty acid composition and stereospecific positional distribution. Modification of a lipid’s physical properties is usually achieved using three processes. Roughly 30% of all edible fats and oils in the world are hydrogenated, whereas 10% are either fractionated or interesterified (Haumann, 1994). These unit operations rely on different principles to attain their goals. Fractionation is a physical separation process based on TAG crystallization behavior, primarily the differences in the melting points of different TAGs (Deffense, 1993; Makhlouf et al., 1987). Hydrogenation, on the other hand, relies on the addition of hydrogen molecules at high temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst to saturate the double bonds that are present in unsaturated fatty acids, which increases their melting points. Hydrogenated fats are extensively used as margarine and shortening base stocks as well as in many processed foods (Nawar, 1996a). Interesterification, used industrially for many years to modify the physical properties of lard (Lutton et al., 1962; Luddy et al., 1955; Hoerr and Waugh, 1950), is also used in the production of margarines (List et al., 1995), palm oil and palm kernel oil derivatives (Laning, 1985; Sreenivasan, 1978), and fat substitutes (Smith et al., 1994; Gunstone and Harwood, 1994). This process redistributed fatty acids within and among TAG molecules, which can lead to substantial
Lung squamous cell carcinoma producing both parathyroid hormone‐related peptide and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (1996)

An autopsy case of a 61 year old male with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lung with associated marked leukocytosis and hypercalcemia is reported. High levels of serum parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) were detected. The tumor cells distinctly showed positive cytoplasmic immunoreactions with anti-PTHrP and anti-GCSF antibodies. Marked granulocytosis and thin bony trabeculae lacking osteoblasts were observed in the vertebral bone. Calcium deposits were found in the proximal tubules of the kidneys. Infarcts were seen as a result of fibrin thrombosis of the splenic artery. The tumor was successfully transplanted into nude mice in which the high levels of serum PTHrP and GCSF were reproduced. These results indicate that the tumor simultaneously produced both PTHrP and GCSF causing the paraneoplastic syndromes of hypercalcemia and leukocytosis.
Low-acoustic attenuation and high-mechanical strength silicone rubber lens doped with ZnO nanopowder for medical ultrasonic array probe (2008)

Effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanopowder dopant, on the acoustical and physical properties of silicone (Q) rubber have been investigated, in order to develop a low-acoustic attenuation, low sound velocity, and high-mechanical properties lens material for medical array probes. The ZnO-doped Q rubbers showed acoustic impedance (Z) = 1.29 to 1.46 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> kg middot m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , acoustic attenuation = 0.54 to 0.74 dB. mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> M.Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , and attenuation figure of merits (FOM) (attenuation times sound velocity) = 471 to 621 at 37degC. The attenuation FOM values for the Q rubber lens material are the lowest attenuation ever reported. The performance of 7.5 MHz linear array probe using the ZnO-doped Q rubber lens showed an increase of 3.5 dB in sensitivity compared to that of conventional Q rubber lens doped with SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> powder. In addition, the material showed a high tear strength and a large elongation. The excellent mechanical properties of the ZnO-doped-Q rubber lens enable higher performance during longer operation in diagnosis compared with conventional Q rubber lens for medical array probe application.
The use of attachers in electron-beam sustained discharge switches—theoretical considerations (1984)

Electron-beam sustained discharges can be used in opening and closing switch applications for producing bursts of energy in pulsed power systems. The incorporation of admixtures of attachers with low attachment rate at low values of E/N and high attachment rate at high values of E/N in the gaseous switch dielectric has been proposed to achieve low forward voltage drop in the conduction phase as well as rapid opening when the sustaining e-beam is terminated. This paper presents model calculations on the characteristics and transient behavior of an electron-beam sustained discharge in the high current density regime in N 2 . The influence of an attacher (N 2 O), with the property described above, and of the circuit parameters on the discharge is investigated as an illustrative example. The advantage of using such an attacher is demonstrated for the steady state conduction phases and for the opening phase, while the closing process is obstructed by the attacher. Additional possible control mechanisms, such as photodetachment to aid the closing process are discussed.
Dietary Curcumin: Correlation between Bioavailability and Health Potential (2019)

The yellow pigment curcumin, extracted from turmeric, is a renowned polyphenol with a broad spectrum of health properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-allergic, anti-dermatophyte, and neuroprotective. However, these properties are followed by a poor pharmacokinetic profile which compromises its therapeutic potential. The association of low absorption by the small intestine and the extensive reductive and conjugative metabolism in the liver dramatically weakens the oral bioavailability. Several strategies such as inhibition of curcumin metabolism with adjuvants as well as novel solid and liquid oral delivery systems have been tried to counteract curcumin poor absorption and rapid elimination from the body. Some of these drug deliveries can successfully enhance the solubility, extending the residence in plasma, improving the pharmacokinetic profile and the cellular uptake.
Composition de l'eau et du sol : effet des activités microbiennes et des déplacements de micro-organismes (2005)

Le sol participe à la qualité de la nappe par ses fonctions de rétention, de libération et de transformation de composés variés, voire par le transfert de micro-organismes. Il se distingue d'autres bioréacteurs par l'existence d'hétérogénéités à différentes échelles d'espace et de temps, par la présence de phases solides ou leur nature, et par une forte biodiversité microbienne. Encore peu étudiés, les déplacements de micro-organismes (parfois agents pathogènes), sont associés à des transferts d'activités et de polluants où utilisés à des fins de dépollutions (en nitrate, hydrocarbures…). La modélisation mécaniste peut aider à comprendre et prévoir la qualité des eaux de nappe ; elle suppose la prise en compte de mécanismes physiques (transferts), biologiques (dynamiques et activités des micro-organismes), et géochimiques (réactivités en solution et aux interfaces entre solution et phases solides).
Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance: Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Information Technology and Cognitive Science (2003)

Overview.- General Statements and Visionary Projects.- A. Motivation and Outlook.- B. Expanding Human Cognition and Communication.- C. Improving Human Health and Physical Capabilities.- D. enhancing Group and Societal Outcomes.- E. National Security.- F. Unifying Science and Education.- Appendices.- A. List of Participants and Contributors.- B. Index of Authors.- C. Index of Topics.
The Isis problem as a probe of flexible expertise and views of proof (2008)

The Isis problem, which has a link with the Isis cult of ancient Egypt, asks: “Find which rectangles with sides of integral length (in some unit) have area and perimeter (numerically) equal, and prove the result.” Since the solution requires minimal technical mathematics, the problem is accessible to a wide range of students. Further, it is notable for the variety of proofs (empirically grounded, algebraic, geometrical) using different forms of argument, and their associated representations, and it provides an instrument for probing students’ ideas about proof, and the interplay between routine and adaptive expertise. A group of 39 Flemish pre-service mathematics teachers was confronted with the Isis problem. More specifically, we first asked them to solve the problem and to look for more than one solution. Second, we invited them to study five given contrasting proofs and to rank these proofs from best to worst. The results highlight a preference of many students for algebraic proofs as well as their rejection of experimentation. The potential of the problem as a teaching tool is outlined.
Clinical outcomes and genomic landscape of patients (pts) with EGFR-mutant lung cancer (EGFR+ LC) with central nervous system (CNS) metastases (mets). (2023)

e21146 Background: CNS mets are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pts with LC. Up to 50% of pts with EGFR+ LC develop CNS mets over their disease course despite improvements in anti-EGFR therapies. The genomics alterations present in CNS mets in pts with EGFR+ LC and how these may compare to paired systemic samples has not been reported. Furthermore, it is unknown whether there are baseline clinicogenomic features that differ between EGFR+ LC pts with or without (w/wo) CNS mets. Methods: From an institutional database of LC pts with available next-generation sequencing (NGS) completed by MSK-IMPACT, we identified all EGFR+ LCs with molecularly characterized CNS tumor samples (CTS). We subsequently identified all pts with EGFR+ LCs with available paired CTS and systemic tumor samples (STS) profiled with MSK-IMPACT. All pts treated with 1L osimertinib with MSK-IMPACT available on their STS were also identified. We assessed clinicogenomic features of all selected EGFR+ LCs. Comparisons of frequencies of genes altered by somatic alterations were performed using Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression. Results: From 2014 to 2022, 90 EGFR+ LC pts with NGS performed on CTS were identified [brain metastasis (BrM), n = 38; leptomeningeal w/wo BrM (LM), n = 52]. 69 pts (77%) were female, median age 59 (IQR range:53-66 years), and 51 pts (57%) were never smokers. Patterns of EGFR+ were exon 19del (n = 43), L858R (n = 27) and atypical (n = 20). No genomic mutations were differentially altered in pts with LM vs BrM. Paired CTS and STS were available for 28 pts, where numerically higher rates of CDKN2A, CDKN2B loss and RAC1 amplification were seen in the CTS (respectively 43% vs 18%, 43% vs 18%, and 21% vs 0%, q &gt; 0.05 for all). A total of 263 pts on 1L osi had NGS on their STS performed:136 pts (52%) had CNS mets during their disease course to date [94 pts (69%) de novo CNS mets; 42 pts with on-treatment CNS mets with median time to CNS mets of 25 mo (IQR: 13.5-35.3 mo)]. Between pts w/wo a lifetime history of CNS mets, there were no differences in sex, smoking history, EGFR alterations and co-alterations. CARD11 alterations were numerically higher in STS in pts with CNS mets (12% vs 2%, q &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: In patients with EGFR+ LC, there were no genomic alterations that were significantly enriched in CNS mets compared to systemic disease, and no systemic genomic alterations that differentiate pts w/wo CNS mets.
Fresh properties of self-compacting concrete with plastic waste as partial replacement of sand (2017)

This work aimed to investigate effecting of using plastic waste as partial replacement of fine aggregate, on the fresh characteristics of self-compacting concrete (SSC). For this purpose, different self-compacting concrete mixes were designed at constant water-to-binder ratio of 0.32 and 520 kg/m3 of binder content. Class F fly ash was used as partial replacement of cement (30% by weight of cement). The six designated plastic waste contents of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5% and three different sized Plastic wastes (fine plastic wastes, coarse plastic wastes, and mixed plastic waste) were considered as experimental parameters. The workability properties of self-compacting concrete mixtures were performed regarding to slump flow diameter, T50 slump flow time, V-funnel flow time, L-box height ratio, and L-box T20 and T40 flow times. The 28-day compressive strengths of self-compacting concretes were also measured. The experimental results of this work are showed that the plastic waste with the sizes and contents that used in this work can be used successfully as a fine aggregate in self-compacting concrete.
[Lymphangioma of the tongue: case report and review of the literature]. (1992)

A case of lymphangioma in the tongue is discussed with special reference to diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. The patient is a boy, aged 13, with a congenital malformation in the right half of the tongue. The lesion was removed by surgery. Histologic examination showed lymphangioma. In cases of minor, localized lymphangiomas the clinical diagnosis may be difficult. A past history information of recurring swellings can be regarded as almost diagnostic. The treatment of choice is surgery, if necessary in several settings. Recurrences are often seen.