gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bonding of SiC slabs for electro-mechanical heat-sinks in advanced packaging applications (1992)

The bonding of silicon carbide for advanced electro-mechanical heat sinks plays an important part in the cooling of multi-chip modules. The selection of the proper process and electronic bonding materials usable in a clean processing environment is essential. The thermal bonding of interface layers and structures with SiC slabs in a clean processing laboratory, by utilizing extrinsic pressure technique during the bonding operation are described. Evaporated, chemical vapour deposited, metallic, semi-metallic and insulating bonding layers are used on splotchy (poly-crystalline silicon doped) surfaces of commercially available silicon carbide slabs. The homogeneity of the film, uniformity of the substrate surface, thickness of the blocks and the annealing ambient were critical for process reliability. Annealing in an oxidizing atmosphere as well as in nitrogen, in some cases, works successfully. Since a variety of structures are tried no special control structure is used to evaluate the results. Scanning electron microscopic studies show that two types of bonding mechanisms are responsible, one is diffusion assisted, and the other is based on a viscous flow mechanism.
Incorporating Atmospheric Stability Effects into the FLORIS Engineering Model of Wakes in Wind Farms (2016)

Atmospheric stability conditions have an effect on wind turbine wakes. This is an important factor in wind farms in which the wake properties affect the performance of downstream turbines. In the stable atmosphere, wind direction shear has a lateral skewing effect on the wakes. In this study, we describe changes to the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady-state (FLORIS) wake engineering model to incorporate and parameterize this effect.
Liposome-based polymer complex as a novel adjuvant: enhancement of specific antibody production and isotype switch (2012)

The aim of vaccination is to induce appropriate immunity against pathogens. Antibody-mediated immunity is critical for protection against many virus diseases, although it is becoming more evident that coordinated, multifunctional immune responses lead to the most effective defense. Specific antibody (Ab) isotypes are more efficient at protecting against pathogen invasion in different locations in the body. For example, compared to other Ab isotypes, immunoglobulin (Ig) A provides more protection at mucosal areas. In this study, we developed a cationic lipopolymer (liposome-polyethylene glycol-polyethyleneimine complex [LPPC]) adjuvant that strongly adsorbs antigens or immunomodulators onto its surface to enhance or switch immune responses. The results demonstrate that LPPC enhances uptake ability, surface marker expression, proinflammatory cytokine release, and antigen presentation in mouse phagocytes. In contrast to Freund's adjuvant, LPPC preferentially activates Th1-immunity against antigens in vivo. With lipopolysaccharides or CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, LPPC dramatically enhances the IgA or IgG2A proportion of total Ig, even in hosts that have developed Th2 immunities and high IgG1 serum titers. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the LPPC adjuvant not only increases the immunogenicity of antigens but also modulates host immunity to produce an appropriate Ab isotype by combining with immunomodulators.
Growth-phase-dependent expression of the lipolytic system of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus BD413: cloning of a gene encoding one of the esterases (1993)

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus BD413, when grown in batch culture in nutrient broth, produces both extracellular lipase activity and cell-bound esterase activity during and after the transition between exponential growth and the stationary phase. From a library of A. calcoaceticus DNA in Escherichia coli, plasmids were isolated that enabled E. coli to grow on media with tributyrin as the sole carbon source. Assays with model substrates classified the product of the cloned gene as an esterase. Via deletion analysis, the esterase gene was mapped on a 1.8 kbp chromosomal DNA fragment. This fragment was sequenced and found to contain one open reading frame, termed estA, which encodes a protein of 40.0 kDa. The amino acid sequence of this protein shows homology to a number of lipolytic enzymes, most notably to esterases. Deletion of estA only partially abolished cell-bound esterase activity in A. calcoaceticus, indicating that BD413 forms at least two esterases. Both esterases show the same temporal regulation of expression. beta-Galactosidase activity was measured in strains in which a promoterless lacZ gene was inserted into estA. Induction of lacZ expression in these strains also occurred at the end of exponential growth in batch cultures, indicating that production of the esterase is regulated at the genetic level.
Reconfigurable 1:3 power divider using coupled lines (2009)

A reconfigurable 1:3 power divider is presented using quarter-wave long coupled lines and switches. The proposed power divider allows dual operating mode, or a 1:3 power divider and 1:0 power transmission mode, by turning the switches on and off. To make a high power-division ratio of three realisable and improve the bandwidth, a microstrip-slot structure is adopted on a thick substrate with high dielectric constant. The measurement of the proposed power divider shows good return and insertion loss performance in both modes.
[Effects of ARLTS1 gene on growth and apoptosis of epithelial ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells]. (2009)

ARLTS1 transfection can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of SKOV3 cells in vitro and down-regulate the expression of caspase-3 and bcl-2. ARLTS1 gene may be a candidate tumor suppressor gene in ovarian cancer.
New pathways in the gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of furanynes (2010)

The most familiar gold-catalyzed cyclization pathway for furanyne substrates leads to synthesis of phenols, but new reaction pathways have recently been discovered. The mechanistic background and the synthetic possibilities of these alternative pathways leading to new heterocyclic products are discussed.
Modeling region-based interconnection for interdependent networks (2016)

Various real-world networks interact with and depend on each other. The design of the interconnection between interacting networks is one of the main challenges to achieve a robust interdependent network. Due to cost considerations, network providers are inclined to interconnect nodes that are geographically close. Accordingly, we propose two topologies, the random geographic graph and the relative neighborhood graph, for the design of interconnection in interdependent networks that incorporates the geographic location of nodes. Differing from the one-to-one interconnection studied in the literature, one node in one network can depend on an arbitrary number of nodes in the other network. We derive the average number of interdependent links for the two topologies, which enables their comparison. For the two topologies, we evaluate the impact of the interconnection structure on the robustness of interdependent networks against cascading failures. The two topologies are assessed on the real-world coupled Italian Internet and the electric transmission network. Finally, we propose the derivative of the largest mutually connected component with respect to the fraction of failed nodes as a robustness metric. This robustness metric quantifies the damage of the network introduced by a small fraction of initial failures well before the critical fraction of failures at which the whole network collapses.
Simple Protocol for Distinguishing Drug-induced Effects on Spatial Memory Acquisition, Consolidation and Retrieval in Mice Using the Morris Water Maze (2019)

The Morris water maze (MWM) is one of the most commonly used tests for assessing spatial learning and memory in mice. While the MWM is highly amenable to testing the effects of memory modifying drugs, most studies do not consider the timing or duration of drug exposure when conducting the MWM assay; factors that can strongly influence the effect of the drug on different stages of memory and interfere with data interpretation. Herein we describe a MWM protocol which offers the advantage of distinguishing the impact of a fast acting intraperitoneally (IP) injected drug on the different stages of spatial memory: acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval. Mice initially undergo habituation to both the MWM apparatus and IP injection procedure over the course of three days. For assessing the effect of a drug on memory acquisition, mice are injected with the drug prior to training sessions over four consecutive days, where mice learn to find an escape platform in a circular water tank using distal spatial cues. To determine the effect of the drug on memory consolidation, mice are injected with the drug immediately after each training session. For testing the effect of a drug on memory retrieval, mice receive mock IP injections on each training day and the drug is IP injected only once, prior to a probe trial, where mice attempt to locate the platform following its removal from the tank. This protocol provides a simple strategy for distinguishing the effect(s) of a CNS acting drug on the different stages of memory.
Targeted Deletion of p73 in Mice Reveals Its Role in T Cell Development and Lymphomagenesis (2009)

Transcriptional silencing of the p73 gene through methylation has been demonstrated in human leukemias and lymphomas. However, the role of p73 in the malignant process remains to be explored. We show here that p73 acts as a T cell-specific tumor suppressor in a genetically defined mouse model, and that concomitant ablation of p53 and p73 predisposes mice to an increased incidence of thymic lymphomas compared to the loss of p53 alone. Our results demonstrate a causal role for loss of p73 in progression of T cell lymphomas to the stage of aggressive, disseminated disease. We provide evidence that tumorigenesis in mice lacking p53 and p73 proceeds through mechanisms involving altered patterns of gene expression, defects in early T cell development, impaired apoptosis, and the ensuing accumulation of chromosomal aberrations. Collectively, our data imply that tumor suppressive properties of p73 are highly dependent on cellular context, wherein p73 plays a major role in T cell development and neoplasia.
Enhanced perovskite morphology and crystallinity for high performance perovskite solar cells using a porous hole transport layer from polystyrene nanospheres (2016)

PSS in this work). We used polystyrene nanospheres as a sacrificial template to fabricate the porous-PEDOT:PSS. The growth of the CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite film on the porous-PEDOT:PSS substrate yields a dramatic improvement in crystallinity and an enhancement in perovskite grain sizes. When the porous structure was applied as a hole transport layer in PSCs with planar heterojunction structures, the efficiency was significantly enhanced from 15.33% for the planar device to 17.32%. This simple method for enhancing perovskite morphology and crystallinity paves the way for its application to other device architectures for enhanced photovoltaic performance.
Interband cascade laser photon noise (2008)

We report measurements of the low-frequency photon noise and the relative intensity noise of an interband cascade laser as a function of laser current at 30 and 100 K. Away from threshold, the laser primarily exhibits a frequency-independent photon noise spectral density in agreement with theory. At threshold, the observed photon noise spectral density exhibits large fluctuations at closely spaced discrete frequencies. Thermal effects at 100 K result in a large increase in the photon noise above threshold.
Completion System Allows for Interventionless Stimulation Treatments in Horizontal Wells with Multiple Shale Pay Zones (2008)

Abstract This paper will discuss case studies and details of a pinpoint stimulation/completion process that uses stimulation sleeve technologies in conjunction with swelling packers as part of an openhole, horizontal, well lateral liner that is anchored by an expandable liner hanger. This system will allow an operator to accurately place several individual stimulation treatments without additional intervention in the wellbore. This is accomplished by installing the closed stimulation sleeves and swellable packers as part of the completion string, (horizontal openhole liner) and positioning the string in the wellbore so that the stimulation sleeves are located within the desired production pay zones. The completion string is then anchored in position with an expandable liner hanger. The swellable packers are allowed to expand for a few days and isolate the zones between each of the sliding sleeves. Stimulation/frac equipment is rigged up, and a series of progressively larger balls are dropped throughout the multistage pumping operation. The balls land on the tapered baffles in the sleeves, each of them opening in sequence and sealing off the previously treated zones below. Once opened, a stimulation sleeve allows pumping a treatment into the zone where it is positioned. After being opened, the stimulation sleeves maintain the capability to be closed and reopened, with minor intervention, with a shifting tool allowing for restimulation or other workover at a later date. This new service is a field-proven process with 120 wells completed and more than 850 stages/zones treated. This method reduces the time and cost needed to complete multiple intervals in a well, and bring production on line faster by comparison to conventional multizone horizontal fracturing/stimulation techniques such as multiple perforating and setting plugs.
New Services for iTVP Content Providers to Manage Live and On-Demand Content Streaming (2008)

The basic task of a CDN is content distribution from content provider to end users. In addition, there are a number of services that should be available to the content provider for managing live and on-demand content streaming. The goal is to make the program offer more attractive, which is what users expect, and to implement features such as personalized ad insertion, which may be not exactly what users want. In this paper we describe our approach to providing a set of such services that surround CDN on our iTVP platform as a work in progress. We characterize various iTVP components that cooperate with the CDN and provide information on the principles of their cooperation. The components of interest include virtual channel broadcast system, advertisement insertion system and content access analysis system.
Synthesis of self-replication cellular automata using genetic algorithms (2000)

This paper presents an efficient searching algorithm for one-dimensional cellular automata (CAs) with self-replicating structure. In the algorithm, the CA structure is represented by a simple fitness function and a genetic algorithm is used effectively where a gene implies a rule table. Based on preliminary experimental results, we provide interesting conjectures: (1) There exists optimal mutation rate for the fitness evolution, and (2) If genes are evolved successfully, they can produce some typical patterns.
Synthesis and structures of polyiodide radical cation salts of donors combining tetrathiafulvalene with multiple thiophene or oligo-thiophene substituents (2020)

The preparation and structures of the radical cation salts of a series of new TTF-based donors bearing thiophene or oligothiophene side chains with polyiodide counterions are described.
Implementation of a Hardware-in-the-Loop System Using Scale Model Hardware for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Development (2007)

Hardware-in-a-loop (HIL) testing and simulation for components and control strategies can reduce both time and cost of development. HIL testing focuses on one component or control system rather than the entire vehicle. The rest of the system is simulated by computer systems which use real time data acquisition systems to read outputs and respond like the systems in the actual vehicle would respond. The hardware for the system is on a scaled-down level to save both time and money during testing. The system designed to simulate the REVLSE Equinox split parallel hybrid consists of five direct current (DC) permanent magnet motors. These motors are used in the system to test the controller software of the vehicle. Two of the motors act as power plants simulating the spark ignited Ethanol engine and the rear traction motor. These two motors are controlled by DC variable speed controllers. The other motors are used as generators to simulate the load from the belted alternator starter (BAS) and the road load on each axle. The motors on each axle are joined together mechanically using a belt and pulley system. The front and rear axle of the system are not connected to simulate the actual vehicle where the power plants are gear-reduced before they make contact with the road and therefore do not actually spin at the same speeds. The computer software and hardware used to run the HIL hybrid system is National Instruments LabView and CompactRIO. LabView provides an easy interface through which programs for the RIO can be written. The RIO gives the user the ability to measure the power into and out of different components in the system to measure the efficiency of the system. The ability to measure system efficiencies using different powertrain inputs and loading schemes is what makes the HIL system a valuable tool in control modeling for the Equinox. LabView and the RIO allow the user to optimize the control strategy with the two power plant inputs and the BAS to make sure the high voltage system stays charged and improve the overall efficiency of the vehicle without the actual vehicle. The HIL system allows other work to be done of the vehicle during the control development. During a constant axle speed test at 730 RPM with constant generator resistance, the front engine efficiency was 33.8%, the BAS efficiency was 53.0%, the rear load generator efficiency was 51.2% and the overall efficiency of the front axle was 24.0%. These results show that the system can simulate the powertrain of a hybrid vehicle and help create and validate a control scheme.
Fast optical imaging of human brain function (2010)

Great advancements in brain imaging during the last few decades have opened a large number of new possibilities for neuroscientists. The most dominant methodologies (electrophysiological and magnetic resonance-based methods) emphasize temporal and spatial information, respectively. However, theorizing about brain function has recently emphasized the importance of rapid (within 100 ms or so) interactions between different elements of complex neuronal networks. Fast optical imaging, and in particular the event-related optical signal (EROS, a technology that has emerged over the last 15 years) may provide descriptions of localized (to sub-cm level) brain activity with a temporal resolution of less than 100 ms. The main limitations of EROS are its limited penetration, which allows us to image cortical structures not deeper than 3 cm from the surface of the head, and its low signal-to-noise ratio. Advantages include the fact that EROS is compatible with most other imaging methods, including electrophysiological, magnetic resonance, and trans-cranial magnetic stimulation techniques, with which can be recorded concurrently. In this paper we present a summary of the research that has been conducted so far on fast optical imaging, including evidence for the possibility of recording neuronal signals with this method, the properties of the signals, and various examples of applications to the study of human cognitive neuroscience. Extant issues, controversies, and possible future developments are also discussed.
Detailed characterization of a fiber-optic parametric amplifier in phase-sensitive and phase-insensitive operation (2010)

We experimentally demonstrate a single-pumped, non-degenerate phase-sensitive parametric amplifier with a precise control of phase and amplitude of the in-going waves and investigate in detail its gain, attenuation and saturation properties in comparison with operation in phase insensitive amplifier (PIA) mode. We experimentally observe the variation of the gain and attenuation as a function of the relative phase, pump power and the signal-idler power ratio. The phase sensitive gain spectrum is studied over a 24 nm symmetrical bandwidth and we achieve a maximum phase sensitive amplification (PSA) gain of 33 dB. A departure from the theoretical maximum attenuation as the gain increases is observed and explained.
Supplementary Figure 6 from The Nedd8-Activating Enzyme Inhibitor MLN4924 Thwarts Microenvironment-Driven NF-κB Activation and Induces Apoptosis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 174KB, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Noxa and Puma results in a decrease in corresponding transcript levels. CLL cells (N=4) were transfected with two individual siRNA's against Noxa, a Puma-targeting siRNA or control siRNA using Amaxa program X-05. Immediately after nucleofection, cells were cultured on CD40L-expressing stroma for 24 hours, followed by incubation with MLN4924 or vehicle control. (A) Apoptosis within CD19+ subset of cells was determined by Annexin V and 7-AAD staining after 48 hours with MLN4924. (B) Total RNA was isolated from CLL B-cells after 24 hours incubation with MLN4924, reverse-transcribed and subjected to real-time PCR with the indicated probes (in duplicates). Results were normalized to 18S levels. Fold induction of the corresponding mRNA compared to control siRNA-transfected samples is shown. Data are the mean � SE. * - p&lt;0.05.&lt;/p&gt;
Reversive Loss of Pulmonary Function Induced by Acute Chest Syndrome: A Report from the National Acute Chest Syndrome Study Group (NACSG). (2005)

Abstract Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS) remains the leading cause of death and hospitalization in patients (pts) with sickle cell disease (SCD). There is limited data on the effects of ACS on lung function. From 1993 to 1997, 30 centers participated in the NACSG and prospectively analyzed 671 episodes of ACS in 538 pts. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) included forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow during 25% to 75% of FVC (FEF 25–75), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) and the ratio of FEV1/FVC. Data is reported as percent-predicted of normal values based on age and height. 128 pts (mean 16yrs, 4 to 52 yr range) had PFTs during an ACS episode (within a mean of 2.5 days of diagnosis) and then 12 weeks later. 94% of pts had abnormal lung volumes, defined as either FEV1 or FVC &lt; 80%. Mean lung volumes during ACS and at follow-up are shown below. Table 1: Decreased Lung Volumes During ACS PFT During ACS Follow-up p-value FEV1 52% 79% &lt;.0001 FVC 55% 83% &lt;.0001 FEF 25–75 50% 69% &lt;.0001 PEF 61% 83% &lt;.0001 Pts with abnormal lung volumes (FEV1 or FVC &lt; 80%) and considered to have an obstructive pattern if the FEV1/FVC ratio was &lt; to 85. Obstructive patterns in pts with abnormal lung volumes and the percent of pts who responded to bronchodilators (15% improvement in either FEV1 or FVC) are shown below. Table 2: Patterns of Abnormal Lung Volumes in SCD SCD Patients During ACS Follow-up Abnormal PFTs 94% 45% Obstructive Pattern 48% 46% Respond to bronchodilators 25% 8% In summary, ACS resulted in decreased pulmonary function in 94% of pts. It is striking that 49% pts had their PFTs reduced by half (FEV1 52% and FVC 55%). In pts with abnormal PFTs, 48% had evidence of obstruction and 25% of all pts tested improved with a bronchodilator. This is the first description of reversible abnormalities of pulmonary function occurring during ACS compared to baseline. An obstructive pattern is identified in a higher percentage of pts with SCD than in the local Oakland African American population (asthma prevalance 16%). While some pts PFTs improved with time, 45% remained abnormal at 12-week follow-up. ACS results in acute and chronic worsening of lung function. Future studies of ACS may reveal common pathogenic mechanisms with asthma, and lead to improved therapeutic interventions.