gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes from carbon nanotubes by a substitution reaction (1998)

A method involving carbon nanotubes substituted reaction was developed for the synthesis of mass quantities of boron nitride nanotubes. Boron oxide vapor was reacted with nitrogen gas in the presence of carbon nanotubes to form boron nitride nanotubes, whose diameters and lengths are similar to those of the starting carbon nanotubes. It is proposed that carbon atoms of carbon nanotubes can be fully substituted by boron and nitrogen atoms through a general chemical reaction. The results suggest that the synthesis methodology developed here may also be extended to form nanotubes from other novel materials.
Properties of pentacene films prepared by heated metal mesh (2013)

Bulk-phase pentacene film and novel pentacene based organic semiconductor film were prepared by using heated metal mesh. In this method, a heated tungsten (W) mesh set between pentacene source and substrate in vacuum chamber. Pentacene molecules come in contact with a heated W mesh before reaching the substrate and the pentacene molecules can be obtained the thermal energy on a heated W mesh. As the mesh temperature increased from 23 to 1200°C, the intensity ratio of bulk to thin-film phase increased from 0 to 9.7. The decomposition reaction occurs notably above 1300°C. The decomposed precursors were identified to be dihydropentacene, p-distrylbenzene, and 2,2'-dimethyl-1,1'-binaphthalene. These decomposed precursors are expected as a source of large graphene sheets and graphene nanoribbons.
A Year of Ripoffs (1970)

N LATE AUGUST 1972, on London's famous Hyde Park Speakers' Corner, bushy-haired English youth ended his speech by inviting listeners to mass meeting to be held in rural area not far from London. Bring your own food, he said. There won't be any ripoff merchants there. He thus revealed that the term ripoff had successfully crossed the ocean with its meaning unchanged-a ripoff merchant being one whose intent would be to cheat or defraud the purchaser. The term had first come to my attention in the spring of 1971 on the University of Florida campus; it became instantly popular among students there, and I soon began to notice it frequently in the national media when teenagers and young adults were quoted. Gradually it appeared among older adults, first among those who believed themselves to be young in heart, although among older adults there was often disagreement as to its meaning. Many University of Florida students first came into contact with the term ripoff on 2 March 1971, when it appeared on posters placed around campus. RIPOFF RALLY, the heading proclaimed, and the message continued, Come and see how many ways you are getting ripped off. Included for discussion at the rally were victims of injustice (for example, blacks) and the injustices themselves (for example, proposed tuition hike). From the context it was clear that ripped off meant 'cheated' or at least 'treated with great unfairness,' and ripoff rally was gathering to protest such treatment. Showing the heading to my twenty students, mostly juniors, in transformational grammar class, I asked them what they thought was meant. Only few had any idea, but when I showed them the entire poster they were able to define the term. A year later-in March 1972-I repeated the experiment and found that all twenty students in similar class were able to define the term, even when it was cited in isolation. Once introduced, the term seemed to pop up everywhere. A few days after the rally, in letter to the student newspaper, the Alligator (5 March 1971, p. 4), girl complained that she had been ripped off, having been fired from her job unjustifiably. They asked at the ripped off rally, 'Who would be next?' I was next! An announcement posted on dormitory bulletin by student used rip off to mean 'rob.' Under the heading, I've Been Ripped Off-Or Thefts Are Everybody's Business, he advised students to lock their doors, a small price to pay if you're able to stop someone from
User-centered design of a secure P2P personal and social networking platform (2008)

Advances in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and web technologies have recently enabled P2P personal and social networking. The key to the success of such systems is middleware and tools that will allow non-expert consumers to manage their networks and share their resources easily and intuitively. This is the motivation behind MyNet, a P2P platform that enables non-expert users to easily organize their resources and share them in their immediate social neighborhood. In this paper, we present our experience following a user-centered approach in designing the MyNet system: using realworld metaphors in the core system, leveraging NFCbased touch to mirror human behavior models, and involving actual users in the design process. The results of our initial usability evaluation are also presented in detail.
Thermal instabilities in high current power MOS devices: experimental evidence, electro-thermal simulations and analytical modeling (2003)

The phenomenon of the thermal instability presented by some high current power MOS has been intensively investigated, both by experimental means and by numerical simulations. An analytical expression for the positive temperature coefficient of the Drain current has been developed and a model for the thermal instability in transient operation has been proposed. The results explain the main causes of the thermal instability and give some rules to evaluate the possible failure occurrence for a given device.
Pancreatic Juice Mutation Concentrations Can Help Predict the Grade of Dysplasia in Patients Undergoing Pancreatic Surveillance (2018)

Abstract Purpose: The measurement of mutations in pancreatic juice samples collected from the duodenum during endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) may improve the diagnostic evaluation of patients undergoing pancreatic surveillance. Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of using pancreatic juice mutation concentrations to predict the presence and histologic grade of neoplasia in the pancreas. Experimental Design: Digital next-generation sequencing (NGS) of pancreatic juice DNA using a targeted 12-gene panel was performed on 67 patients undergoing pancreatic evaluation during EUS, including patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, patients who subsequently underwent pancreatic resection for precursor lesions, patients undergoing surveillance for their familial/inherited susceptibility to pancreatic cancer, and normal pancreas disease controls. Results: Patients with pancreatic cancer or high-grade dysplasia as their highest grade lesion had significantly higher pancreatic juice mutation concentrations than all other subjects (mean/SD digital NGS score; 46.6 ± 69.7 vs. 6.2 ± 11.6, P = 0.02). Pancreatic juice mutation concentrations distinguished patients with pancreatic cancer or high-grade dysplasia in their resection specimen from all other subjects with 72.2% sensitivity and 89.4% specificity [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.872]. Mutant TP53/SMAD4 concentrations could distinguish patients with pancreatic cancer or high-grade dysplasia in their resection specimen from all other subjects with 61.1% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity (AUC = 0.819). Among 31 high-risk individuals under surveillance, 2 of the 3 individuals with most abnormal pancreatic juice mutation profiles also had the most abnormalities on pancreatic imaging. Conclusions: Pancreatic juice mutation analysis using digital NGS has potential diagnostic utility in the evaluation of patients undergoing pancreatic surveillance. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2963–74. ©2018 AACR. See related commentary by Lipner and Yeh, p. 2713
The Factor that Determines the Flow Characteristics of the Segregation-free Iron Mixed Powder Containing Ethylene-bis-stearamide as a Lubricant (2003)

The factor that determines the flow characteristics of the segregation-free iron mixed powder which contains ethylene-bis-stearamide as a lubricant powder was investigated. Sample powders used were as follows; (A) iron powder (B) iron powder mixed with ethylene-bis-stearamide powder (C) iron powder mixed with graphite powder (D) iron powder bonded with graphite powder by the organic binder(binder treated iron powder) and (E) binder treated iron powder mixed with ethylene-bis-stearamide powder.Iron powder gave the best flow character and the binder treated powder with the free lubricant powder gave the worst flow character.The data above mentioned and the data related to the frictional properties of the sample powders indicated that the interaction between the binder on the iron powder and the lubricant powder or the interaction between the lubricant powders affected strongly on the flow characteristics of the segregation-free iron mixed powder containing ethylene-bis-stearamide as a lubricant.
Organ‐specific and stage‐dependent control of Leishmania major infection by inducible nitric oxide synthase and phagocyte NADPH oxidase (2003)

In the Leishmania major mouse model of cutaneous leishmaniasis inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is crucial for the killing of the parasite in the skin and draining lymph node. However, the effector mechanism operating against L. major in the spleen is unknown. As reactive oxygen intermediates might play a role, we analyzed macrophages and mice lacking the gp91phox subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (phox) for their ability to combat an infection with L. major. Macrophages from wild-type and gp91phox(-/-) mice had an equal capacity to kill L. major after activation by cytokines. Unlike iNOS, the activity of phox was dispensable for the resolution of the acute skin lesions and exerted only a limited effect on the containment of the parasites in the draining lymph node, but was essential for the clearance of L. major in the spleen. During the chronic phase of infection, parasites persisted at high levels in gp91phox(-/-) mice, and cutaneous lesions re-emerged in approximately 60% of these mice. gp91phox deficiency did not impair the expression of iNOS or the production of TNF and IFN-gamma. These results demonstrate that iNOS and phox are both required for the control of L. major in vivo and display unexpected organ- and stage-specific anti-leishmanial effects.
Emerging Trends, Techniques and Open Issues of Containerization: A Review (2019)

Containerization is revolutionizing the way that many industries operate, provisioning major impact to modern computing technologies because it is extra lightweight, highly portable, energy, resource and storage efficient, cost-effective, performance efficient, and extremely quick during boot up. These often facilitate efficient load balancing, low-level system maintenance, server consolidation (for efficient energy and resource utilization) and replication of instances over geographical locations for better fault tolerance to escalate application reliability. However, some recent literature have addressed various challenges (such as complex networking, persistent storage facilities, cross data centers and multicloud supports, security issues, and lack of available, capable container management APIs, etc.) regarding successful container adoption in industries, which might have resulted in a seemingly meager increase in industrial deployments of containerization over the past few years despite bestowing efficient lightweight virtualization. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of containerizations along with their popularity dynamics has still not been found in contemporary literature, which further extends knowledge gap between developers and available technologies. Hence, current study touches upon different technicalities involved in containerization with potential problems and possible solutions along with various important industrial applications to manifest its existing supports and technical hardships. Finally, we have conducted a comprehensive experimental study to compare the performance of VMs, containers and unikernels in terms of CPU utilization, memory footprints, network bandwidth, execution time and technological maturity using standard benchmarks and observed containers to deliver satisfactory performance in almost all aspects, however, are still not free from issues regarding isolation & security, performance stability, lack of available efficient tools for crossplatform support and persistent storage. Unikernels deliver good performance with VM-like isolation but still need to achieve desired technical maturity (in terms of microprocessor stability, process containment, persistent storage, etc.). VMs, on the other hand, are found to provide stable performance throughout, though bigger memory footprints and slower spin up/down remain their biggest weaknesses.
Plant-Plant-Microbe Mechanisms Involved in Soil-Borne Disease Suppression on a Maize and Pepper Intercropping System (2014)

Maize could form a "root wall" to restrict the spread of P. capsici across rows in maize and pepper intercropping systems. Antimicrobe compounds secreted by maize root were one of the factors that resulted in the inhibition of P. capsici. These results provide new insights into plant-plant-microbe mechanisms involved in intercropping systems.
Improving the Formal Verification of Reachability Policies in Virtualized Networks (2020)

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) are new emerging paradigms that changed the rules of networking, shifting the focus on dynamicity and programmability. In this new scenario, a very important and challenging task is to detect anomalies in the data plane, especially with the aid of suitable automated software tools. In particular, this operation must be performed within quite strict times, due to the high dynamism introduced by virtualization. In this article, we propose a new network modeling approach that enhances the performance of formal verification of reachability policies, checked by solving a Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) problem. This performance improvement is motivated by the definition of function models that do not work on single packets, but on packet classes. Nonetheless, the modeling approach is comprehensive not only of stateless functions, but also stateful functions such as NATs and firewalls. The implementation of the proposed approach achieves high scalability in complex networked systems consisting of several heterogeneous functions.
Caractérisation des endommagements d'un composite Carbone/PA12 par émission acoustique (2011)

International audience
Geographic authenticity of Swiss cheeses : selected results for the food control laboratories and perspective for the future (2004)

Ce travail presente les principales conclusions d'un projet de recherche de trois ans sur l'authenticite du fromage Emmental. La discrimination de fromages d'Emmental provenant de sept regions europeennes (183 echantillons de Suisse, Savoie, Bretagne, France est-centrale, sud de l'Allemagne, Autriche et Finlande) a ete possible a 95 % par une analyse globale (toutes les regions considerees simultanement). L'Emmentaler Switzerland a meme pu etre reconnu a 100% dans une analyse par paires (Emmental Suisse oppose aux Emmental d'une region etrangere a la fois). Le principal inconvenient de ces modeles est leur prix eleve (env. 1300 CHF/echantillon). En complement, une etude preliminaire effectuee sur l'authenticite du Raclette Suisse a mis en evidence le potentiel des rapports d'isotopes stables (δ 2 H, δ 1 3 C, δ 1 5 N, δ 3 4 S) pour discriminer le Raclette Suisse et le fromage a raclette produit en France. Finalement une estimation des risques de fausse declaration, de la faisabilite analytique et des rapports couts /profit pour les principaux fromages suisses est presentee. Elle montre que seules quelques sortes de fromage comme le Sbrinz ou le Raclette du Valais presenteraient des rapports couts /profit suffisamment bas pour justifier une investigation analytique.
Viral Double-Strand RNA-Binding Proteins Can Enhance Innate Immune Signaling by Toll-Like Receptor 3 (2011)

Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) detects double-stranded (ds) RNAs to activate innate immune responses. While poly(I:C) is an excellent agonist for TLR3 in several cell lines and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, viral dsRNAs tend to be poor agonists, leading to the hypothesis that additional factor(s) are likely required to allow TLR3 to respond to viral dsRNAs. TLR3 signaling was examined in a lung epithelial cell line by quantifying cytokine production and in human embryonic kidney cells by quantifying luciferase reporter levels. Recombinant 1b hepatitis C virus polymerase was found to enhance TLR3 signaling in the lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells when added to the media along with either poly(I:C) or viral dsRNAs. The polymerase from the genotype 2a JFH-1 HCV was a poor enhancer of TLR3 signaling until it was mutated to favor a conformation that could bind better to a partially duplexed RNA. The 1b polymerase also co-localizes with TLR3 in endosomes. RNA-binding capsid proteins (CPs) from two positive-strand RNA viruses and the hepadenavirus hepatitis B virus (HBV) were also potent enhancers of TLR3 signaling by poly(I:C) or viral dsRNAs. A truncated version of the HBV CP that lacked an arginine-rich RNA-binding domain was unable to enhance TLR3 signaling. These results demonstrate that several viral RNA-binding proteins can enhance the dsRNA-dependent innate immune response initiated by TLR3.
Optical waveguide modes in single-crystalline LiNbO3–LiTaO3 solid-solution films (1974)

We report new LiNbO3–LiTaO3 solid-solution films which form excellent active optical waveguides. Measurement of the waveguide modes indicates that these films have a graded composition. To analyze these waveguides, we present a theory for the calculation of the mode indices and find that the refractive index varies with the depth in the film, according to a Fermi function.
Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims (2003)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/12280/thumbnail.jpg
LIPIDS OFSARCINA LUTEAII (1964)

Albro, Phillip W. (Ft. Detrick, Frederick, Md.), and Charles K. Huston. Lipids of Sarcina lutea. II. Hydrocarbon content of the lipid extracts. J. Bacteriol. 88:981-986. 1964.-The hydrocarbon fraction from Sarcina lutea lipid extracts was characterized by a combination of thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. A total of 37 components were observed by gas-liquid chromatography of this material. A breakdown of the components into classes indicated a composition consisting of 88.9% n-saturates, 1.2% monoenes, 2.1% dienes, 5.0% trienes, and 0.6% branched-saturates. Less than 0.1% of the hydrocarbon material was aromatic. No attempt was made in this study to relate the composition to either origin or function in the cell.
The Cognitive Approach to Conscious Machines (2003)

Could a machine have an immaterial mind? The author argues that true conscious machines can be built, but rejects artificial intelligence and classical neural networks in favour of the emulation of the cognitive processes of the brain-the flow of inner speech, inner imagery and emotions. This results in a non-numeric meaning-processing machine with distributed information representation and system reactions. It is argued that this machine would be conscious; it would be aware of its own existence and its mental content and perceive this as immaterial. Novel views on consciousness and the mind-
Ehrlichia and Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae Surveillance in Amblyomma americanum in Virginia Through Use of a Novel Six-Plex Real-Time PCR Assay (2014)

The population of the lone star tick Amblyomma americanum has expanded in North America over the last several decades. It is known to be an aggressive and nondiscriminatory biter and is by far the most common human-biting tick encountered in Virginia. Few studies of human pathogen prevalence in ticks have been conducted in our state since the mid-twentieth century. We developed a six-plex real-time PCR assay to detect three Ehrlichia species (E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, and Panola Mountain Ehrlichia) and three spotted fever group Rickettsiae (SFGR; R. amblyommii, R. parkeri, and R. rickettsii) and used it to test A. americanum from around the state. Our studies revealed a presence of all three Ehrlichia species (0-24.5%) and a high prevalence (50-80%) of R. amblyommii, a presumptively nonpathogenic SFGR, in all regions surveyed. R. parkeri, previously only detected in Virginia's Amblyomma maculatum ticks, was found in A. americanum in several surveyed areas within two regions having established A. maculatum populations. R. rickettsii was not found in any sample tested. Our study provides the first state-wide screening of A. americanum ticks in recent history and indicates that human exposure to R. amblyommii and to Ehrlichiae may be common. The high prevalence of R. amblyommii, serological cross-reactivity of all SFGR members, and the apparent rarity of R. rickettsii in human biting ticks across the eastern United States suggest that clinical cases of tick-borne disease, including ehrlichiosis, may be commonly misdiagnosed as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and that suspicion of other SFGR as well as Ehrlichia should be increased. These data may be of relevance to other regions where A. americanum is prevalent.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation ofN-(5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl/1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-(3-substitutedphenylureido) benzenesulfonamides as human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I, II, VII and XII inhibitors (2016)

A series of N-(5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl/1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-(3-substitutedphenylureido) benzenesulfonamide derivatives has been designed, synthesized and screened for their in vitro human carbonic anhydrase (hCA; EC 4.2.1.1) inhibition potential. These newly synthesized sulfonamide compounds were assessed against isoforms hCA I, II, VII and XII, with acetazolamide (AAZ) as a reference compound. The majority of these compounds were found quite weak inhibitor against all tested isoforms. Compound 15 showed a modest inhibition potency against hCA I (K<sub>i </sub>=<sub> </sub>73.7 μM) and hCA VII (K<sub>i </sub>=<sub> </sub>85.8 μM). Compounds 19 and 25 exhibited hCA II inhibition with K<sub>i</sub> values of 96.0 μM and 87.8 μM, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that, although the synthesized derivatives have weak inhibitory potential towards all investigated isoforms, some of them may serve as lead molecules for the further development of selective inhibitors incorporating secondary sulfonamide functionalities, a class of inhibitors for which the inhibition mechanism is poorly understood.
A Convenient Method for the Lewis Base-catalyzed Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Esters Using Trimethylsilylketene Ethyl Trimethylsilyl Acetal and Carbonyl Compounds (2008)

Abstract A highly useful method for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic esters from various carbonyl compounds that uses trimethylsilylbetene ethyl trimethylsilyl acetal in the presence of a Lewis base catalyst such as acetate salts was established. This procedure gives the corresponding esters in high yields with excellent E stereoselectivity under mild conditions.