gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Healthcare Sector (2023)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine learning (ML) are the emerging areas that have a major potential to boost the healthcare services. AI/ML modalities have been integrated into multiple domains of clinical practice, biomedical research, and healthcare administration. The key categories involved are screening and daily fitness monitoring, diagnostic services in radiology, pathology, and gastroenterology, and assistance in clinical decision-making and palliative care. Nevertheless, the large-scale integration of AI/ML in healthcare faces formidable challenges such as increased installation and maintenance costs, medical errors with a potential to harm patients, gaps in AI-related ethical frameworks, unemployment and decreased capacity building among the human workforce. Currently, numerous entrepreneurial ventures have been developed in the context of innovation in healthcare AI/ML. Their products and services range from vitals’ monitoring to advanced diagnostics. In a nutshell, AI/ML may play a crucial role in resolving the issues pertaining to complexity and up surging data in healthcare system. Altogether, AI/ML is a part of modern healthcare, whose further implementation is subject to comprehensively addressing relevant challenges.
Circulating TNF Receptors 1 and 2 Predict ESRD in Type 2 Diabetes (2012)

Levels of proinflammatory cytokines associate with risk for developing type 2 diabetes but whether chronic inflammation contributes to the development of diabetic complications, such as ESRD, is unknown. In the 1990s, we recruited 410 patients with type 2 diabetes for studies of diabetic nephropathy and recorded their characteristics at enrollment. During 12 years of follow-up, 59 patients developed ESRD (17 per 1000 patient-years) and 84 patients died without ESRD (24 per 1000 patient-years). Plasma markers of systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and the TNF pathway were measured in the study entry samples. Of the examined markers, only TNF receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR1 and TNFR2) associated with risk for ESRD. These two markers were highly correlated, but ESRD associated more strongly with TNFR1. The cumulative incidence of ESRD for patients in the highest TNFR1 quartile was 54% after 12 years but only 3% for the other quartiles (P<0.001). In Cox proportional hazard analyses, TNFR1 predicted risk for ESRD even after adjustment for clinical covariates such as urinary albumin excretion. Plasma concentration of TNFR1 outperformed all tested clinical variables with regard to predicting ESRD. Concentrations of TNFRs moderately associated with death unrelated to ESRD. In conclusion, elevated concentrations of circulating TNFRs in patients with type 2 diabetes at baseline are very strong predictors of the subsequent progression to ESRD in subjects with and without proteinuria.
The art in science of microTAS (2012)

A graphical abstract is available for this content
Observations of Io and the Plasma Torus During 2007 and 2008 (2008)

A synoptic campaign of Io and Io plasma torus observations were conducted near the Jupiter 2007 and 2008 oppositions. The 2007 campaign was contemporaneous with the HST Jupiter auroral campaign (PI: J. Clarke/Boston University). The observations were obtained from the NSO McMath-Pierce facility at Kitt Peak. The Io data are high-resolution (R 120000) spectra of the neutral oxygen 6300 Å emission taken on the main telescope with the stellar spectrograph. The stellar spectrograph, equipped with an image slicer, had a 5.2” x 5.2” field of view. Spectra with good signal-to-noise were obtained for a significant range of Io orbital and System III longitudes. The Io plasma torus data are ionized sulfur 6731 Å images taken on the west auxiliary through a 9 Å wide filter. Continuum images taken through an off-band filter improved the removal of the scattered light from Jupiter from the torus images. An update on the status of these observations and efforts to reprocess the entire Io NSO [O I] 6300 Å data will be presented.
Inter-completion time scheduling (ICTS): non-preemptive scheduling to maximize the minimum inter-completion time (2002)

Temporal load-balancing, spreading out the executions of tasks over time, is desirable in many applications in complex systems. A form of temporal load balancing is discussed, scheduling to maximize minimum inter-completion time (MICT-scheduling) and minimum global inter-completion time (MGICT-scheduling). It is shown that MICT- and MGICT-scheduling are, in general, NP-hard. A number of restricted classes of task systems are identified, which can be efficiently MICT- and MGICT-scheduled.
Comparison of the oncogenomic landscape of canine and feline hemangiosarcoma shows novel parallels with human angiosarcoma (2021)

Angiosarcoma (AS) is a highly aggressive tumor of blood and lymphatic vessels in humans that shares many similarities with spontaneously occurring hemangiosarcoma (HSA) in dogs and cats. To investigate the genetic suitability of HSA as a model for AS, we sequenced ∼1000 cancer genes in 41 cases of HSA and matched germline tissue: 15 canine visceral HSAs, 13 canine skin HSAs and 13 feline skin HSAs. Analysis of visceral HSAs from dogs presenting with concurrent splenic and cardiac neoplasms showed that the tumors were not independent primaries, consistent with the highly metastatic nature of HSA. Comparison of HSA to AS revealed that several driver genes were recurrently mutated in both species, such as TP53, PIK3CA, ATRX, GRIN2A and LRP1B. Similar to AS, a UV mutational signature was found in a subset of canine cutaneous HSAs and both species show differing mutational profiles between tissue sites. Our characterization of canine and feline HSA demonstrates many important parallels to AS and provides hope that future studies on these cancers will benefit of all three species.
Teacher Impact on Student Growth Mindset (2021)

The main goals of this study were to determine if student growth mindset impacted achievement and motivation and to see if gender and ethnicity made a difference in the type of mindset a student possesses. The study was conducted in a suburban middle school in Georgia with a predominantly white population and above-average socio-economic status. Ninety-five students from four 7th grade social studies classes took part in the eight-week study. The results from the study showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between mindset gains and academic gains; however, there was a strong positive, statistically significant relationship between mindset gains and motivation gains. These results indicated that motivation could be the linking factor between mindset and higher academic achievement.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Addition of Carbon Electrophiles to Styrylsilanes: The Dimerization of β‐E‐(Halosilyl)styrenes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, a Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitor, Inhibits EBV-Induced B Lymphocyte Transformation via Suppression of RelA Acetylation (2009)

Because the p300/CBP-mediated hyperacetylation of RelA (p65) is critical for nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, the attenuation of p65 acetylation is a potential molecular target for the prevention of chronic inflammation. During our ongoing screening study to identify natural compounds with histone acetyltransferase inhibitor (HATi) activity, we identified epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a novel HATi with global specificity for the majority of HAT enzymes but with no activity toward epigenetic enzymes including HDAC, SIRT1, and HMTase. At a dose of 100 micromol/L, EGCG abrogates p300-induced p65 acetylation in vitro and in vivo, increases the level of cytosolic IkappaBalpha, and suppresses tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced NF-kappaB activation. We also showed that EGCG prevents TNFalpha-induced p65 translocation to the nucleus, confirming that hyperacetylation is critical for NF-kappaB translocation as well as activity. Furthermore, EGCG treatment inhibited the acetylation of p65 and the expression of NF-kappaB target genes in response to diverse stimuli. Finally, EGCG reduced the binding of p300 to the promoter region of interleukin-6 gene with an increased recruitment of HDAC3, which highlights the importance of the balance between HATs and histone deacetylases in the NF-kappaB-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway. Importantly, EGCG at 50 micromol/L dose completely blocks EBV infection-induced cytokine expression and subsequently the EBV-induced B lymphocyte transformation. These results show the crucial role of acetylation in the development of inflammatory-related diseases.
Web search query privacy: Evaluating query obfuscation and anonymizing networks (2014)

Web Search is one of the most rapidly growing applications on the internet today. However, the current practice followed by most search engines – of logging and analyzing users' queries – raises serious privacy concerns. In this paper, we concentrate on two existing solutions which are relatively easy to deploy – namely Query Obfuscation and Anonymizing Networks. In query obfuscation, a client-side software attempts to mask real user queries via injection of certain noisy queries. Anonymizing networks route the user queries through a series of relay servers, hiding the actual query source from the search engine. A fundamental problem with these solutions, however, is that user queries are still obviously revealed to the search engine, although they are “mixed” among queries generated either by a machine or by other users. We focus on TrackMeNot (TMN), a popular query obfuscation tool, and the Tor anonymizing network, and try to analyse whether these solutions can actually preserve users' privacy in practice against an adversarial search engine. We demonstrate that a search engine, equipped with only a short-term history of a user's search queries, can break the privacy guarantees of TMN and Tor by only utilizing off-the-shelf machine learning techniques.
Effects of acute atelectasis on lobar blood flow (1960)

In anesthetized dogs with open chest, atelectasis of the left lower lobe is followed immediately by a reduction in vascular resistance and subsequently by a progressive increase. The latter is related to the exposure of the pulmonary capillaries and veins to an increased content of carbon dioxide in the blood. This local action reduces blood flow by about 15% and cannot account for the greater reduction in flow during chronic atelectasis. It is suggested that chronic atelectasis is accompanied by organic changes that cannot be explored by acute experiments.
Rare Exome Sequence Variants in CLCN6 Reduce Blood Pressure Levels and Hypertension Risk (2015)

These findings implicate the effect of rare coding variants in CLCN6 in BP variation and offer new insights into BP regulation.
Phase-Locked-Loop Adaptive-Optic Controller and Simulated Shear Layer Correction (2013)

An alternative adaptive-optic controller, using both flow control and a phase-lock-loop control strategy, has been designed to overcome bandwidth limitations inhibiting current adaptive-optic controllers. A discrete-vortex code and weakly compressible model were used to simulate high-speed shear layer adaptive-optic corrections based upon the proposed phase-lock-loop controller given a range of upper and lower Mach numbers. The shear layer was forced at its origin, creating a region of regularized large-scale structures through which a simulated optical beam was projected. The controller applied a predicted conjugate correction to the shear layer’s emerging wavefront in a feedforward approach. The phase-lock-loop controller produces a sinusoidal signal for which the amplitude and phase are adjusted in real time to synchronize with the reference input. The controller is designed to track abrupt changes in phase or frequency. An overview of the design process is provided along with the alternative adaptive-optic controller’s basic layout and circuitry diagrams. Finally, experimental jitter results illustrate the controller’s amplitude and phase response capabilities given a purely sinusoidal function generator input signal.
CodeX: an approach for debugging XSLT transformations (2004)

XML is now a dominant standard for storing and exchanging information. One very important activity is the transformation of XML documents into other formats, via the transformation language XSLT. XSLT provides a powerful way to perform document conversion and exchange, avoiding reliance on application specific solutions. However, XSLT is a complex language and the current level of support for debugging tools is poor. Many tools that do exist are mainly an extension of conventional techniques for imperative programs and not well-suited to the task. In this paper, we present CodeX, a debugger for XSLT and propose three debugging techniques which are particularly suited to the language. We aim to offer XSLT users a tool which is beneficial in finding errors, as well as facilitating a better understanding of the XML transformation process.
Fight the Way You Train:The Role and Limits of Emotions in Training for Combat (2003)

THE BROWN JOURNAL OF WORLD AFFAIRS Copyright © 2003 by the Brown Journal of World Affairs JONATHAN GRATCH researches at the University of Southern California’s Institute for Creative Technologies, focusing on creating realistic emotional behaviors for life-like simulated characters. STACY MARSELLA is research scientist and project leader at the University of Southern California’s Information Sciences Insitute. His work focuses on interactive pedagogical drama and simulation technology. Fight the Way You Train: and Limits of Emotions in Training for
Characterization of Local Memory Cells in Stage‐Classified Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Preliminary Observations (1998)

Immunophenotype analysis and proliferative responses were investigated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from 21 patients with stage-classified tuberculosis: six with localized pulmonary infiltrate (LPI); seven with diffuse pulmonary infiltrate (DPI); and eight with pleural effusions (PE). Bronchoalveolar lavage cells from these patients contained a high number of cells/ml. The macrophage number was significantly lower in the DPI group (P < 0.05) compared to the LPI or PE groups. Conversely, neutrophils were markedly increased in DPI patients compared to LPI (P < 0.01) and PE (P < 0.01) patients. Lymphocyte infiltration (97.7 +/- 2.3% CD3+, > 83% alphabeta+ and CD4+ > CD8+) was observed in the three groups. A significant increase in the number of total lymphocytes (P < 0.01) and CD4+ cells (P < 0.05) was observed in the LPI group compared to the PE group. In the LPI group CD4+CD45RO+ cell infiltration was higher than CD4+CD45RA+ cells (P < 0.001), contrasting to similar numbers of these subpopulations in the DPI group. Lymphocytes from three out of three LPI patients (alphabeta+CD4+CD45RO+) responded against tuberculin purified protein derivative contrasting to the unresponsiveness of five patients with either DPI or PE. This impaired response was reverted in two out of five patients by using peripheral blood monocytes instead of alveolar macrophages. It is suggested that, in humans, alphabetaCD4+CD45RO cells are the main lymphocyte type involved in the initial local cell-mediated immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
pH-spaltbare molekulare Nanotransporter auf der Basis dendritischer Kern-Schale-Architekturen (2002)

Ein einfaches und effizientes Konzept wurde zur Synthese von pH-spaltbaren molekularen Nanotransportern auf der Basis kommerziell erhältlicher hyperverzweigter Polymere entwickelt. Diese dendritischen Kern-Schale-Architekturen können polare Gastmoleküle verkapseln, transportieren und in saurer Umgebung (pH 3–6) selektiv wieder freisetzen (siehe Schema). Die beobachteten Freisetzungseigenschaften machen diese molekularen Nanotransporter zu vielversprechenden Kandidaten für den gezielten Wirkstoff- und Gentransport. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2002/z19603_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Wireless Detection System for Glucose and pH Sensing in Exhaled Breath Condensate Using AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (2009)

Peltier element cooling of ungated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) is shown to be an effective method for condensing exhaled breath, enabling the measurement of the pH and glucose of the exhaled breath condensate (EBC). By comparison with standard solutions, the current change measured in the HEMTs with EBC shows that the sensitivity of the glucose detection is lower than the glucose concentration in the EBC of healthy human subjects and the pH of the condensate from the exhaled breath is within the range of 7-8, typical of that for human blood. The HEMT sensors can be integrated into a wireless data transmission system that allows for remote monitoring. Details of the transmitter and receiver design for the transmission system are given. Our work demonstrates the possibility of using AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for extended investigations of airway pathology without the need for clinical visits.
Fabrication and Packaging of 40-Gb/s AlGaInAs Multiple-Quantum-Well Electroabsorption Modulated Lasers Based on Identical Epitaxial Layer Scheme (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> High-speed AlGaInAs multiple-quantum-well (MQW) electroabsorption modulated lasers (EMLs) based on an identical epitaxial layer (IEL) integration scheme are developed for 40-Gb/s optical fiber communication systems. A self-aligned planarization technique has been adopted to reduce the capacitance of the electroabsorption modulator (EAM). The IEL structure EML chips exhibit a small signal modulation bandwidth around 40 GHz. The influence of residual reflection at the modulator facet on the small signal modulation response is investigated. Submount containing a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) transmission line is used for packaging the EML chips into transmitter modules. The optimization of the GCPW structure to suppress resonances in frequency response due to parallel-plate modes is presented. Clear eye opening under 40-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) modulation has been demonstrated for the packaged EML module. </para>
Author Correction: Cancer cell responses to Hsp70 inhibitor JG-98: Comparison with Hsp90 inhibitors and finding synergistic drug combinations (2018)

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Code de l'expropriation pour cause d'utilité publique. Commenté et annoté (2017)

International audience
Speckle noise reduction of optical coherence tomography images with a wavelet transform (2018)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a technique to investigate the microstructure of biological tissue non-invasively. OCT uses a low-coherence interferometry technique, and so the quality of OCT images is degraded by speckle noise which is inherent in coherent imaging. To remove the speckle noise, many methods have been proposed including hardware- and software-based methods. The latter approaches are flexible and easy to implement, and so many methods such as median filter, Wiener filter, and wavelet filter have been proposed. Of these, use of a wavelet filter is a powerful method to reduce the speckle noise, and this filter is often used in ultrasound images. The model of the speckle noise has a multiplicative nature, and conventional filtering methods are somewhat ineffective against this speckle noise. In 2003, we have developed a noise reduction method using a wavelet transform for radiographic images. In this paper, we applied the method to OCT images. The results of simulations showed that the speckle noise was reasonably reduced. And if we had only four frame images, the signal to noise ratio (S/N) was equivalent to that of averaged image using 32 frames. In addition, when we increased the number of processed images, we achieved the S/N of 24-25 dB.
Design considerations on a 36-slot 28-pole permanent magnet drive (2017)

High torque permanent magnet drives with short axial length and large outer diameter are well known to be suitable for hybrid traction applications. High pole numbers and a large rotor inner diameter allow for direct crankshaft mounting and therefore for a compact integration of the electrical machine. Pole pair numbers vary from four to ten depending on the ratio of outer to inner diameter. Decreasing installation space and increasing torque demands require higher pole pair numbers resulting in higher excitation frequencies and high iron losses. This research presents design considerations on a 28 pole 25 kW permanent magnet drive with high short time overload capability. Electromagnetical, mechanical and thermal aspects are discussed.
Submerged laminar jet impingement on a plane (1982)

Submerged laminar jet impingement on a plane is studied using computation. Steady-state Navier-Stokes equations for the axisymmetric case are solved numerically. The extent of the infinite flow is approximated by applying the boundary conditions at a finite but sufficiently large distance. The tube-exit velocity profile is assumed to be either a fully developed parabolic profile or a flat profile. For the former case, two different nozzle heights from the target plane are considered. The presence of a toroid-shaped eddy at low values of Reynolds number, Re , leads to some interesting observations such as the manner in which the wall shear stress depends on Re . An increase in the height of the nozzle exit from the target plane decreases the wall shear stress, more so at lower values of Re . A change from the parabolic exit velocity profile to the flat profile leads to a decrease in wall shear stress due to decreased momentum flux. The study was motivated by experiments designed to measure the yield shear strength of the vascular endothelium wherein a small saline jet was used to erode the tissue by normal impingement.
New Developments in Diagnosis and Treatment of Infection in Orthopedic Implants (2001)

Orthopedic implants have revolutionized treatment of bone fractures and noninfectious joint arthritis. Today, the risk for orthopedic device-related infection (ODRI) is <1%-2%. However, the absolute number of patients with infection continuously increases as the number of patients requiring such implants grows. Treatment of ODRIs most frequently includes long-term antimicrobial treatment and removal of the implant. Recent evidence from observational trials and 1 randomized clinical trial indicate that a subset of patients can be successfully treated with retention of the implant. Patients eligible for such a treatment must meet the following criteria: acute infection defined as signs and symptoms lasting <14-28 days, an unambiguous diagnosis based on histopathology and microbiology, a stable implant, and susceptibility of the microorganism to an effective orally available antimicrobial agent.