gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and nucleotide variability in the diterpene metabolism for Coffea canephora genotypes from Uganda. (2007)

In the current context of overproduction and low prices, coffee producers give a particular attention to coffee quality, impact on human health being one of its components. In this context, diterpens content constitutes a relevant target trait (Cavin et al., 1998). Coffee diterpens (Cafestol, Kahweol and 16-O-Methylcafestol) are specific of the coffee genus(Finnegan et Djerassi, 1960; Speer and Mischnick, 1989). Little information is available on coffee diterpens metabolism. Today only the enzymes implied in the way of biosynthesis of Ent-Kaurene are known. The ultimate stages between Ent-Kaurene and Cafestol, Kahweol, 16-O-MC are not identified yet.
pH-Responsive Coacervate Droplets Formed from Acid-Labile Methylated Polyrotaxanes as an Injectable Protein Carrier (2018)

In prior research it has been demonstrated that methylated β-cyclodextrins-threaded acid-labile polyrotaxanes (Me-PRXs) exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and form coacervate droplets above their LCST. In this study, the encapsulation of proteins in coacervate droplets and the pH-responsive release of proteins, through the acid-induced dissociation of the Me-PRX, were investigated. The coacervate droplets encapsulate various proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme, and β-galactosidase, at pH 7.4, into their hydrophobic inner phase. Concomitant with the pH-dependent dissociation of the Me-PRXs, the coacervates degraded below pH 6.5 and released encapsulated proteins, with the intrinsic activity of proteins maintained. Additionally, the subcutaneous injection of coacervate droplets encapsulating BSA in mice revealed that the retention time of the BSA at the injection site was prolonged compared to that of free BSA. Altogether, the coacervate droplets of the Me-PRX would be utilized as a new class of pH-responsive and injectable carrier for the controlled release of therapeutic proteins.
Kinetics and drift of gate voltages for electrolyte-bathed chemically sensitive semiconductor devices (1982)

Two sources of gate voltage drift: slow mass transfer and slow interfacial potential-dependent ion crossing rates are analyzed to show the kinds of sluggish response expected for external step-activity changes. Factors involved are enumerated and results are presented according to one-region and two-region mass transport control of potential-determining species. The model is related to examples of thin gates and thick, permeable gates. Recent results of Collins and Janata on general salt responses of membranes incorporating antibodies show the monotonic and nonmonotonic transients predicted by theory. Their work provided the impetus for this analysis.
O sistema solar: relato de uma atividade de ensino (1989)

A melhoria qualitativa do ensino de Ciencias depende, primordialmente, da formacao do professor. Este deve estar consciente de que tanto no processo de ensino quanto no de aprendizagem o fazer e mais importante que o replicar conhecimento.
Impact of Operating Conditions on Rotor/Stator Interaction of a High-Pressure Ratio Centrifugal Compressor (2022)

Abstract The current design trend of centrifugal compressors is aimed at obtaining compact machines with high pressure ratios and performance. This leads to high circumferential speeds and lighter components, thus increasing static stresses and dynamic forcing due to rotor/stator interactions. Therefore, the aerome-chanical characterization of these machines is a fundamental step of the design chain. This paper presents an in-depth aerome-chanical study of a high-pressure ratio centrifugal compressor using CFD. Firstly, the computational setup is validated against the experimental data; then, the same numerical setup is used to characterize the aeromechanical interactions between the impeller and the upstream and downstream static components. The URANS simulations are carried out at three different operating points (near stall, design, near choke), and the unsteady flow field is time and space decomposed showing higher forcing functions at near stall and near choke conditions with respect to the design point, as confirmed by the experimental acquisitions. The presented results highlight the importance of extending the aeromechanical evaluations to different operating points in order to avoid unexpected vibration responses when operating at off-design conditions. Finally, by virtue of an acoustic post-processing techniques, the unsteady pressure coupling in the inter-row region is analyzed to discern the main sources of the overall unsteady interaction.
Pleiotropic effects of apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ on high-density lipoprotein functionality, adipose tissue metabolic activity and plasma glucose homeostasis (2019)

Apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ (APOA-Ⅱ) is the second most abundant apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) synthesized mainly by the liver and to a much lesser extent by the intestine. Transgenic mice overexpressing human APOA-Ⅱ present abnormal lipoprotein composition and are prone to atherosclerosis, though in humans the role for APOA-Ⅱ in coronary heart disease remains controversial. Here, we investigated the effects of overexpressed APOA-Ⅱ on HDL structure and function, adipose tissue metabolic activity, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. C57BL/6 mice were infected with an adenovirus expressing human APOA-Ⅱ or a control adenovirus AdGFP, and five days post-infection blood and tissue samples were isolated. APOA-Ⅱ expression resulted in distinct changes in HDL apoproteome that correlated with increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. No effects on cholesterol efflux from RAW 264.7 macrophages were observed. Molecular analyses in white adipose tissue (WAT) indicated a stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation coupled with respiration for ATP production in mice overexpressing APOA-Ⅱ. Finally, overexpressed APOA-Ⅱ improved glucose tolerance of mice but had no effect on the response to exogenously administered insulin. In summary, expression of APOA-Ⅱ in C57BL/6 mice results in pleiotropic effects with respect to HDL functionality, adipose tissue metabolism and glucose utilization, many of which are beneficial to health.
Studies toward Diazonamide A:  Initial Synthetic Forays Directed toward the Originally Proposed Structure (2004)

A brief introduction into the chemistry of diazonamide A (1) is followed by first-generation sequences to access the originally proposed structure for this unusual marine natural product. These explorations identified a route capable of delivering a model compound possessing the complete heteroaromatic core of the natural product, highlighting in the process several unanticipated synthetic challenges which led both to new methodology as well as an improved synthetic plan that was successfully applied to fully functionalized intermediates.
Electronic Pulse Method for Measuring the Velocity of Sound in Liquids and Solids (1954)

A pulse method is described employing a “sing around circuit” wherein each new pulse is triggered by the preceding pulse after it has traversed the acoustic sample. The resulting pulse repetition rate is measured with an electronic stop watch, thus giving a measure of the combined acoustic and electronic delay times. This in turn, upon the elimination of the electronic delay time, gives the velocity of sound in the sample. Velocity data are presented and sources of error discussed.
The effect of phosphorylcholine‐coated materials on the inflammatory response and fibrous capsule formation: In vitro and in vivo observations (2003)

Several experiments were performed to compare the in vitro adhesion of human macrophage and granulocyte inflammatory cells to polyethylene terephthalate substrate and the same coated with a phosphorylcholine (PC)-based polymer. The inclusion of various types of serum at different stages in the assay indicated that protein adsorption and passivation of the surface may be responsible for reducing the number of inflammatory cells adhering to the uncoated polyethylene terephthalate controls. In all of the assays performed there was a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05; analysis of variance) of the number of inflammatory cells adhering to the PC-coated samples, linked to the ability of these surfaces to resist protein adhesion. Implantations of PC-coated stainless steel and high-density polyethylene USP control samples were made in a rabbit intramuscular model. Histological examination of the number of inflammatory cells present around the implant sites 4 weeks postimplantation showed there were 40% less cells associated with the PC-coated samples compared with control, but this was not statistically significant. Fibrous capsule thickness, however, whereas marginally less at 4 weeks, had almost completely regressed for the PC-coated sample at 13 weeks postimplantation and was statistically thinner (p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test) than the high-density polyethylene USP control. These findings support the view that low biointeractions observed for PC-based technology in vitro can result in reduced inflammation and foreign body reaction in vivo.
Magnetron sputter epitaxy of 2h-Al1-xInxN thin films (2004)

This thesis describes the growth and structural characterization of epitaxial 2h­ A11-xInxN ranging from pure A1N to InN [0<x<1]. Thin A11-xInxN films were synthesized by dual DC reactive Mag ...
Optimum Filter for Colored Noise (2004)

In this chapter the following topics are discussed: colored RC noise; rational kernel; integral equation; mixed kernel; infinite observation interval; and maximum signal-to-noise ratio. Chapter Contents: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Colored RC Noise 6.3 Solution of the Integral Equation for the Rational Kernel 6.4 A Mixed Kernel (White plus Colored Noise) 6.5 Colored Noise with Infinite Observation Interval 6.6 Maximum Signal-to-Noise ratio Problems References Inspec keywords: filtering theory; integral equations Other keywords: rational kernel; colored RC noise; optimum filter; maximum signal-to-noise ratio; infinite observation interval; mixed kernel; integral equation Subjects: Signal processing theory; Integral equations (numerical analysis); Filtering methods in signal processing; Integral equations (numerical analysis)
Mechanically induced solvent-free esterification method at room temperature (2021)

We have developed I<sub>2</sub>/KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>2</sub> and KI/P(OEt)<sub>3</sub> strategy syntheses of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols through different reaction mechanisms. The advantages of present protocol: mild conditions and late-stage diversification of natural products.
Isolation and Characterization of a Docosahexaenoic Acid‐Phospholipids Producing Microorganism Crypthecodinium sp. D31 (2013)

Abstract Thirty‐four strains of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐producing microorganisms were newly isolated from brackish areas in Japan. These strains showing various compositions of fatty acids. Especially, the fatty acids produced by one of the strains, named D31, had a high DHA content (over 60 % of the total fatty acids) and the simple fatty acid composition (16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and DHA without any other polyunsaturated acids). Although most oleaginous microorganisms accumulate DHA as triacylglycerol, the strain D31 accumulated DHA mainly as a polar lipid (79.4 % of total DHA), especially as phosphatidylcholine (71.4 % of polar DHA). This strain D31 was identified as a related species of Crypthecodinium cohnii on the basis of phylogenetic analysis. Crypthecodinium sp. D31 showed high DHA productivity when cultivated in a medium containing glycerol as the carbon source and a mixture of yeast extract and polypeptone as the nitrogen sources, with a salinity that was equivalent to 50 % of that of seawater and a pH in the acidic range (&lt;pH 6.0). Crypthecodinium sp. D31 is considered as a promising producer of high‐purity DHA‐containing phospholipids.
Vagal mechanisms and the effect of indomethacin on bronchoconstrictor stimuli in the guinea‐pig (1988)

1. In urethane-anaesthetized guinea-pigs, under spontaneous respiration, indomethacin (1 mg kg-1 i.v., 10-45 min) approximately doubled the bronchoconstrictor effect (increase in airways resistance, R(aw)) of equieffective doses of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), but not that of acetylcholine or leukotriene D4 (LTD4). 2. In mechanically ventilated guinea-pigs indomethacin increased R(aw) responses to histamine as well as increasing the fall in dynamic compliance (Cdyn) evoked by this agent. 3. Cooling the cervical vagi, to temperatures shown to block efferent and probably afferent pathways (approximately 9 degrees C), abolished the effect of indomethacin on airways responses. Inhibition of indomethacin-induced hyperreactivity was also observed after vagal section. 4. Electrical stimulation of the peripheral vagus (1-20 Hz, 0.75-5 ms pulses) increased R(aw) and decreased Cdyn but these responses were not markedly altered by indomethacin. 5. It was concluded that the indomethacin-induced hyperreactivity of tracheal smooth muscle, which was demonstrated in vitro, may not account for the airways hyperreactivity observed in the present in vivo experiments. The hyperreactivity to histamine induced by indomethacin in vivo depends on the functional integrity of vagal reflex pathways.
Intravitreal injections of GDNF-loaded biodegradable microspheres are neuroprotective in a rat model of glaucoma. (2007)

Delivery of GDNF via biodegradable microspheres significantly increased the survival of RGCs and their axons, preserved IPL thickness, and decreased retina and optic nerve glial cell activation in an experimental glaucoma model. This study suggests that GDNF delivered by PLGA microspheres may be useful as a neuroprotective tool in the treatment of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Microwave performance of nonlinear optoelectronic microstrip ring resonator (1991)

Difference and sum frequency generation at frequencies from 0 to 14GHz has been obtained by mixing of a microwave local oscillator and a modulated optical carrier in a microstrip ring resonator with Schottky contacts on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate.
StarKeeper® II NMS - Management of a Cell Relay Network (1994)

The StarKeeper® II Network Management System (NMS) was developed to manage cell relay networks. Network administrators use this distributed graphical system to monitor, administer, and troubleshoot the network. StarKeeper II NMS manages a single AT&T BNS-2000 data switch or a network of BNS-2000 data switches. This paper describes how designers of StarKeeper II NMS incorporated customers' requirements for network management systems into the architecture of their product and its software.
Comparison of Pharmacokinetics between Highly and Mildly Modified AGE Proteins in Mice (2008)

We previously demonstrated that RAW 264.7 cells (murine macrophage cell line) recognize highly modified advanced glycation end products (AGE)-bovine serum albumin (BSA) (high-AGE-BSA), which was prepared by incubating BSA with 1600 mmol/L glucose for 40 weeks. In the present study, we prepared mildly modified AGE-BSA (mild-AGE-BSA) and conducted an endocytic uptake study using human monocyte-derived macrophages and Chinese hamster ovary cells which overexpressed such scavenger receptors as CD36, SR-BI (scavenger receptor class B type-I), and LOX-1 (lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1). Although high-AGE-BSA was significantly recognized by these cells, mild-AGE-BSA did not show any ligand activity to these cells. Furthermore, when 111 In-labeled mild- or high-AGE-BSA was injected into the tail vein of male ddY mice, 111 In-high-AGE-BSA was rapidly cleared from the circulation, with about 80% of the injected 111 In-high-AGE-BSA being eliminated within 5 min. In contrast, the clearance rate of 111 In-mild-AGE-BSA was very slow, similar to the 111 In-native BSA. Taken together, our results indicate that the ligand activity of AGE-BSA to scavenger receptors and those pharmacokinetic properties depend on their rate of modification by AGEs.
Assessing an infant food frequency questionnaire: a pilot study (36.2) (2014)

Adequate nutrition early in life optimizes growth and reduces the risk of obesity and chronic diseases in infancy and later in life. However, there is lack of data and instruments specifically designed to assess consumption early in life. This pilot study assessed an infant food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for clarity of questions and to identify additional questions/examples for inclusion. This FFQ was based on the 19‐item FFQ developed by the CDC, which was expanded to 55 items with additional questions on preparation/source of foods and supplements. A convenience sample of mothers 蠅21 years with infants &lt;12 months (m) of age attending the pediatric hospital clinics in San Juan, Puerto Rico were recruited. Sixty mothers (28 with infants 1‐4m; 14 with infants 5‐8m and 18 with infants 9‐12m) completed the FFQ. Most considered it to be clear (90%). Ten percent was not clear when to report frequency by day or week. The word baby food was more accepted than commercial baby pure. In the open‐ended options, the most common fruits and vegetables reported were bananas, carrots, green beans, squash and pears. In terms of frequencies, only 18% of infants at 1‐4m, 7% at 5‐8m and 6% at 9‐12m were exclusively breastfed. In combination with formula, 11% at 1‐4m, 7% at 5‐8m and 0% at 9‐12m were breastfed. Cow’s milk was introduced &lt;12m in 11%. Water was introduced early (39% of infants at 1‐4 m). Fruit juice (any type) was consumed by 14% at 1‐4m, 57% at 5‐8m and 89% at 9‐12m old. “Baby juice” (juice marketed for babies) was consumed by 11% at 1‐4m, 50% at 5‐8m and 61% at 9‐12m. Sodas were not consumed. Solids foods (cereals, fruits &amp;amp; vegetables) were started &lt;6m in 11%. Sweets were consumed by 12% starting at 7m. Most common supplements given were iron (67%) and multi‐vitamin (38%). Further work to assess validity of the FFQ is needed. A valid infant FFQ is important for understanding dietary consumption patterns in infants, which can help develop specific recommendations for fostering healthy eating habits in this stage of life. Grant Funding Source : This project was supported in part by NIMHHD 8G12‐MD007600
The role of deep heating for noninvasive skin rejuvenation (2006)

Redundant facial, neck, or body laxity is a major feature of aging. Just a few years ago, the choices for treatment of skin laxity were only surgery. As technology continues to evolve, procedures that once required major surgical intervention are gradually being replaced by minimally invasive techniques. Recently, monopolar radiofrequency (MRF) and infrared light sources have been introduced for nonablative tissue tightening by volumetric heating of the deep dermis. Appropriate selection of patients and managing realistic patients' expectations of outcome are key considerations to ensuring satisfaction with results. However, controversy persists over the effectiveness of these treatments. Further development of the technology and refinement of treatment protocols may allow for more dramatic modulation of the underlying deeper structures, improving the consistency of results.
Bootstrapping vehicles : a formal approach to unsupervised sensorimotor learning based on invariance (2013)

Could a brain in a jar be able to control an unknown robotic body to which it is connected, and use it to achieve useful tasks, without any prior assumptions on the body's sensors and actuators? Other than of purely intellectual interest, this question is relevant to the medium-term challenges of robotics: as the complexity of robotics applications grows, automated learning techniques might reduce design effort and increase the robustness and reliability of the solutions. In this work, the problem of is studied in the context of the Vehicles universe, which is an idealization of simple mobile robots, after the work of Braitenberg. The first thread of results consists in analyzing such simple sensorimotor cascades and proposing models of varying complexity that can be learned from data. The second thread regards how to properly formalize the notions of absence of assumptions, as a particular form of invariance that the bootstrapping agent must satisfy, and proposes some invariance-based design techniques.
Nitrided Iron Catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in the Eighties (1980)

Abstract About 1950, nitrided iron catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were developed at the Bureau of Mines [1, 2], The nitrided iron catalyst was one of only a few developments in Fischer-Tropsch catalysis that was not anticipated by German work in the period 1925–1945. Small-scale investigations have been summarized [3–6]. The present paper presents a brief review of small-scale work; describes the use of nitrides in pilot-plant units of the slurry [7], oil-circulation [8], and fluidized fixed-bed types [9]; and considers schemes for refining the product.
Transverse expansion in197Au+197Aucollisions at RHIC (2003)

Using the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model, transverse momentum distributions and particle ratios are studied for ${}^{197}\mathrm{Au}{+}^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=200\mathrm{GeV}.$ In particular, we present results on the mean transverse momentum of charged pions, charged kaons, protons, and antiprotons and compare with experimental measurements. We discuss an approach to study early partonic collectivity in high energy nuclear collisions.
Sparse Graphical Memory for Robust Planning (2020)

To operate effectively in the real world, agents should be able to act from high-dimensional raw sensory input such as images and achieve diverse goals across long time-horizons. Current deep reinforcement and imitation learning methods can learn directly from high-dimensional inputs but do not scale well to long-horizon tasks. In contrast, classical graphical methods like A* search are able to solve long-horizon tasks, but assume that the state space is abstracted away from raw sensory input. Recent works have attempted to combine the strengths of deep learning and classical planning; however, dominant methods in this domain are still quite brittle and scale poorly with the size of the environment. We introduce Sparse Graphical Memory (SGM), a new data structure that stores states and feasible transitions in a sparse memory. SGM aggregates states according to a novel two-way consistency objective, adapting classic state aggregation criteria to goal-conditioned RL: two states are redundant when they are interchangeable both as goals and as starting states. Theoretically, we prove that merging nodes according to two-way consistency leads to an increase in shortest path lengths that scales only linearly with the merging threshold. Experimentally, we show that SGM significantly outperforms current state of the art methods on long horizon, sparse-reward visual navigation tasks. Project video and code are available at https://mishalaskin.github.io/sgm/
Large telomerase RNA, telomere length heterogeneity and escape from senescence in Candida glabrata (2009)

Telomerase, the key enzyme essential for the maintenance of eukaryotic chromosome ends, contains a reverse transcriptase and an RNA that provides the template for the synthesis of telomeric repeats. Here, we characterize the telomerase subunits in the hemiascomycete yeast Candida glabrata. We propose a secondary structure model for the telomerase RNA that is the largest described to date. Telomerase deletion mutants show a progressive shortening of telomeres and a modest loss of viability. Frequent post-senescence survivors emerge that possess long telomeric repeat tracts. We suggest that the high telomere length heterogeneity accounts for this distinct senescence phenotype.