gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensionally “Curved” NiO Nanomembranes as Ultrahigh Rate Capability Anodes for Li‐Ion Batteries with Long Cycle Lifetimes (2013)

Three-dimensionally “curved” NiO nanomembranes made using a simple fabrication technique followed by a thermal oxidation process are reported. As anode materials for lithium ion batteries, the curved NiO nanomembranes exhibit impressive results, i.e., ultrafast power rate (50 C), a high capacity of 721 mAh g−1 at 1.5 C, and a long lifetime of 1400 cycles, making them attractive for high power Li-ion batteries.
Comparative Study of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells From Abdomen and Breast (2016)

Cells derived from both fat tissues possess different characteristics in terms of their growth kinetics and predisposition to the osteolineages and adipolineages. In particular, ASCs from the abdominal tissue appear to contribute to adipose tissue turnover, whereas ASCs from breast tissue, if used for cell-assisted fat grafting, may potentially be responsible for complications in fat grafting, such as oil cysts, calcifications, fat necrosis, and tumors.
A Systematic Review of Telehealth Applications in Audiology (2010)

Abstract Hearing loss is a pervasive global healthcare concern with an estimated 10% of the global population affected to a mild or greater degree. In the absence of appropriate diagnosis and intervention it can become a lifelong disability with serious consequences on the quality of life and societal integration and participation of the affected persons. Unfortunately, there is a major dearth of hearing healthcare services globally, which highlights the possible role of telehealth in penetrating the underserved communities. This study systematically reviews peer-reviewed publications on audiology-related telehealth services and patient/clinician perceptions regarding their use. Several databases were sourced (Medline, SCOPUS, and CHINAL) using different search strategies for optimal coverage. Though the number of studies in this field are limited available reports span audiological services such as screening, diagnosis, and intervention. Several screening applications for populations consisting of infants, children, and adults have demonstrated the feasibility and reliability of telehealth using both synchronous and asynchronous models. The diagnostic procedures reported, including audiometry, video-otoscopy, oto-acoustic emissions, and auditory brainstem response, confirm clinically equivalent results for remote telehealth-enabled tests and conventional face-to-face versions. Intervention studies, including hearing aid verification, counseling, and Internet-based treatment for tinnitus, demonstrate reliability and effectiveness of telehealth applications compared to conventional methods. The limited information on patient perceptions reveal mixed findings and require more specific investigations, especially post facto surveys of patient experiences. Tele-audiology holds significant promise in extending services to the underserved communities but require considerable empirical research to inform future implementation.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Insomnia (2008)

Insomnia is defined as difficulty falling or remaining asleep with associated daytime consequences. It is among the most common clinical complaints in the general adult population. The prevalence is significantly higher in people with psychiatric disorders. Insomnia in psychiatric patients may be affected by particular disorders, the illness severity, and the treatment approaches. Mood and anxiety disorders are especially likely to be comorbid with insomnia; however, many other psychiatric disorders increase the probability of sleep disturbances. Insomnia frequently is the first symptom heralding an episode of depression, and it may continue as a residual symptom following the resolution of the mood disturbance. Many different sedating substances and medications have been used with the intention of improving sleep. The insomnia treatment medications currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration comprise a variety of benzodiazepine receptor agonist hypnotics and a single selective melatonin receptor agonist. The prescribing guidelines of the recently approved medications have no implied limitation on their duration of use and specify whether they are indicated for sleep onset and maintenance. There are significant safety concerns or inadequate efficacy evidence for the treatment of insomnia with many alternative pharmacologic strategies, including herbal preparations, over-the-counter antihistamines, and the off-label use of antidepressants and antipsychotics. Advances in understanding the regulation of the sleep–wake cycle now are leading to new pharmacologic targets to treat insomnia and related sleep disorders.
Estimating building floor plans from exterior using laser scanners (2008)

The knowledge of the interior structure of buildings is important in many civilian and military applications. While it is possible to obtain interior maps by exhaustively inspecting every room in a building, in many situations this is infeasible due to security or safety reasons. In this paper, we develop a method to generate interior building floor plans from the exterior of the structure. We use a laser scanner to measure the range of hundreds of thousands of points on interior walls of the building, exploiting the fact that the laser can go through unobstructed windows. We develop an algorithm to fit planes to the point cloud resulting from the laser data. To accomplish this, the optimal locations of horizontal planes are found such that they model the ceiling and the floors; subsequently, vertical planes are placed perpendicular to those and aligned to fit the data. Once these planes are found and localized, floor plans for each floor are extracted. We show that our proposed method is effective in recovering partial floor plans for three separate building examples.
Electron-beam patterned calibration structures for structured illumination microscopy (2022)

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy can be achieved by image reconstruction after spatially patterned illumination or sequential photo-switching and read-out. Reconstruction algorithms and microscope performance are typically tested using simulated image data, due to a lack of strategies to pattern complex fluorescent patterns with nanoscale dimension control. Here, we report direct electron-beam patterning of fluorescence nanopatterns as calibration standards for super-resolution fluorescence. Patterned regions are identified with both electron microscopy and fluorescence labelling of choice, allowing precise correlation of predefined pattern dimensions, a posteriori obtained electron images, and reconstructed super-resolution images.
A surprising Radon transform result and its application to motion detection (1999)

An elliptical region of the plane supports a positive-valued function whose Radon transform depends only on the slope of the integrating line. Any two parallel lines that intersect the ellipse generate equal line integrals of the function. We prove that this peculiar property is unique to the ellipse; no other convex, compact region of the plane supports a nonzero-valued function whose Radon transform depends only on slope. We motivate this problem by considering the detection of a constant-velocity moving object in a sequence of images. In the presence of additive, white, Gaussian noise. The intensity distribution of the object is known, but the velocity is only assumed to lie in some known set, for example, an ellipse or a rectangle. The object is to find a space-time linear filter, operating on the image sequence, whose minimum output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for any velocity in the set is maximized. For an ellipse (and its special cases, the disk and the line-segment) the special Radon transform property of the ellipse enables us to obtain a closed-form, analytical solution for the minimax filter, which significantly outperforms the conventional three-dimensional (3-D) matched filter. This analytical solution also suggests a constrained minimax filter for other velocity sets, obtainable in closed form, whose SNR can be very close to the minimax SNR.
Developing a Pedagogically Effective Programming Environment for Teaching Mechanism Design (1994)

Abstract The CH programming environment is an open system. Users can enhance the system through its various user interfaces. CH is specially designed for applications in mechanical systems engineering, although it is applicable to many other disciplines as well. Due to our interest in teaching, we intend to develop it as a pedagogically effective programming environment for teaching and student learning. CH has been successfully used as a teaching and learning tool for an undergraduate course, Computer-Aided Mechanism Design, at University of California, Davis in Fall 1993. In this paper we will present the CH programming environment and programming features developed for teaching and student learning. We will describe how a teaching tool-box is developed and used for teaching mechanism design. Source codes in the teaching tool-box are available to students so that they can study the software implementation of algorithms and modify the codes to solve the similar problems. Although the developed teaching tool-box is specific for instruction on mechanism design, the CH programming environment and ideas presented in this paper are general, and they are applicable to instructional improvement for a wide range of subjects in engineering.
Influence of antiferromagnetic exchange interaction on magnetic properties of ZnMnO thin films grown pseudomorphically on ZnO (0001¯) single-crystal substrates (2008)

This study investigated the influence of antiferromagnetic exchange interaction on magnetic properties of ZnMnO thin films grown on ZnO (0001¯) single-crystal substrates. Using pulsed laser deposition, ZnMnO films with Mn concentrations as high as 14.1at.% were prepared. Investigations revealed that the lattice constant along the c axis of the ZnMnO films increases linearly with increasing Mn concentration. The lattice constant along the a axis is independent of the Mn concentration and is equal to that of the ZnO substrate, suggesting pseudomorphic growth of ZnMnO films. An atomic force microscopy image of the ZnMnO film grown at 640°C shows a step-and-terrace structure. An interference fringe around the ZnMnO 0004 symmetric diffraction image is clearly visible in the 2θ-ω x-ray diffraction profile, suggesting that the samples have a smooth surface and an abrupt interface. The intrinsic magnetic properties of these pseudomorphically grown ZnMnO films with smooth surfaces were evaluated. At temperatures greater than 1.85K, ZnMnO films with Mn concentration up to 14.1at.% exhibit typical paramagnetic characteristics. As calculated using the probabilities for a random Mn distribution, the theoretically magnetic moment agreed with the experimentally determined saturated magnetic moment, indicating an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between the nearest-neighbor Mn ions.
A New Segmentation Method for Lung HRCT Images (2005)

Image segmentation plays a crucial role in many medical imaging applications by automating or facilitating the delineation of anatomical structures and other regions of interest. The aim of this paper is to develop an accurate and reliable method for segmentation of lung HRCT images using a pixel-based approach. The proposed method combines traditional concepts, such as global-threshold segmentation, mathematical morphology, edge detection and noise reduction, with new ideas, such as performing geometrical computations to achieve the defined ROIs. Two different approaches are proposed and tested on 100 computed-tomography images. Noise tolerance of the algorithm is calculated considering several parameters and objective criteria. In addition, the image segmentation results were visually validated by radiologists.
Toxicity of folic acid analogs in cultured human cells: a microtiter assay for the analysis of drug competition. (1987)

We have used a microtiter assay to study the toxicity of various folate analogs in a series of cultured human cell lines that exhibit different degrees of resistance to methotrexate, an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. These cells retain their sensitivity to the lipophilic antifolate BW301U despite the amplification of dihydrofolate reductase genes. Because the cell lines under investigation grow very slowly and have poor plating efficiencies in unconditioned medium, an assay was developed that relies on cell proliferation rather than colony formation as a measure of toxicity. This approach is easily generalized to provide a rapid and inexpensive assay of drug competition. Two-dimensional studies indicate that methotrexate and BW301U show differences in patterns of toxicity, competition, and rescue by folinic acid, suggesting that the two drugs act on different targets. Further applications of the microtiter assay to the analysis of multidrug interactions are discussed.
Biofilm and Nanowire Production Leads to Increased Current in Geobacter sulfurreducens Fuel Cells (2006)

Geobacter sulfurreducens developed highly structured, multilayer biofilms on the anode surface of a microbial fuel cell converting acetate to electricity. Cells at a distance from the anode remained viable, and there was no decrease in the efficiency of current production as the thickness of the biofilm increased. Genetic studies demonstrated that efficient electron transfer through the biofilm required the presence of electrically conductive pili. These pili may represent an electronic network permeating the biofilm that can promote long-range electrical transfer in an energy-efficient manner, increasing electricity production more than 10-fold.
Treponemal Specific Tests for the Serodiagnosis of Syphilis (1998)

The MHA-TP may be less sensitive than the FTA-ABS for identifying patients with primary syphilis. Treponemal specific tests may become nonreactive during the first year after therapy for early syphilis.
Chitosan derivative-based hemostat: Irritation, hypersensitivity and absorbability study (2013)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of a carboxymethylchitosan-based hemostatic prototype for internal use, in terms of irritation, hypersensitivity and absorbability. Skin irritation and delayed-type hypersensitivity tests of the prototype in humans (n=30) were assessed by a patch test method. The human skin sites were graded and photographed after patch removal at each time point using a 4-point (0-3+) grading scale of increasing irritation related to ISO 10993-10:2002(E) and a 6-point grading scale of increasing allergy related to International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG). The results demonstrated that the chitosan derivative-based hemostat did not cause skin irritation and delayed-type hypersensitivity on the tested humans’ skin. The absorbability of the hemostatic prototype was evaluated in the surgical treatment of penile paraffinoma in ten patients, which was conducted at Angthong Hospital, using a scrotal flap method. This method normally involved two surgical stages. In the first stage, two prototype specimens (2.5 cm x 2.5 cm x 0.20 cm) were implanted inside a patient’s treated area until the second operation was performed, normally in three months. The clinical results revealed that, after the whole treatment, no remaining specimens were physically observed. Furthermore, the histological results of the tissues where the specimens had been implanted showed no sample residues, indicating that the chitosan derivative-based hemostat was completely absorbed within three months.
Design and Modeling Interdigitated Capacitor - Spiral Inductor Resonator for Optical Pressure Sensor (2021)

In this study, an optical pressure sensor is designed to sense a force. To achieve that, an interdigitated capacitor connected to a spiral inductor that oscillates at GHz region is proposed to be designed. To sense a force with very low amplitude, some different materials are applied as a dielectric material between the layers of the interdigitated capacitor. Thus, by applying the force, the circuit's capacitance is changed due to the displacement of the selected dielectric. This leads to change of the circuit's scattering parameters which lets to sense the lowest scale of the pressure possible. For simulation, the circuit is designed in COMSOL, theoretically studied the scattering parameters and the effect of the force on the circuit characteristic and finally, Advanced Design System is used to optimize the parameters for this specific aim.
Frequency-Domain Signal Processor For Laser Velocimeter (1990)

Dynamic range and accuracy increased. New signal processor for laser-velocimeter (LV) applications overcomes major limitations of present signal processors. System requires no input-signal conditioning other than that provided by amplifiers; it operates in instantaneous mode at signal levels from bursts containing as few as 150 photons down to photon-resolved regime in averaging mode. Digital value of signal-burst frequency sent to external computer system for conversion to value of absolute frequency. Residual turbulence intensity 0.2 percent, with little dependence on signal-to-noise ratio.
Subindividual variation accounts for most of the variability in two reproductive traits in Cistus ladanifer (2022)

There is increasing evidence of within species flower trait variability. In Cistus ladanifer, there is a great variation in the number of locules of the ovary (6–12). In this study, we assessed the variation in the number of ovary locules and ovule production at population, individual and intraindividual levels in 5 localities in the Madrid Region (Central Spain). We have answered the following questions: What level present larger variation? Is there a relationship between the number of ovary locules and ovule production? And if yes, does it hold across all levels? We sampled almost 500 flowers from 50 individuals for five localities. We counted the number of locules of the ovary and estimate the number of ovules per flower. The partitioning of total variation among populations, individuals and within-individuals was estimated for both variables. To analyze differences among locations, we performed general linear models. We found that within-individual variation was the main source of variation for all measured variables. Inter-individual variation was relevant only for the number of locules, and inter-population variation was almost negligible for all variables. Despite the positive correlation between the number of locules per flower and ovule production, populations with more locules did not present more ovules per flower. In summary, we found that variation in the number of locules and its relationship with ovule production is scale dependent.
Invasive device-associated nosocomial infections of a teaching hospital in Turkey; four years’ experience (2011)

To determine our setting's IDAI rates, infecting microorganisms, and their resistance patterns to achieve standardization and make comparisons among other Turkish and developed country hospitals all over the world. Materials and methods: The numbers of total patient days, ventilator days, central catheter days and, urinary catheter days in the ICUs were recorded and IDAI rates were calculated. Clinical specimens were obtained from patients, cultivated at appropriate culture media, and infecting microorganisms and resistance patterns were determined. Results: Totally 1450 invasive device-associated infection episodes were determined (16.4% of patients) with a rate of 21.12/1000 days. Ventilator associated pneumonia rate was 22.05/1000 ventilator days and most common microorganism was Acinetobacter baumannii. Central catheter associated blood stream infection rate was 9.14/1000 central catheter days and the most common infecting organism was A. baumannii. Catheter associated urinary infection rate was 10.12/1000 urinary catheter days and the most common pathogen was Candida species. MRSA rate decreased from 89.6% in 2006 to 61.8% in 2009 (P < 0.001). ESBL production rates were between 70.7% and 45.6% in Escherichia coli and 66.7% and 55.9% in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Vancomycin resistance among Enterococci was between 34.3% and 21.7% in these years. Conclusion: Our hospital infection rates were found to be similar to those of country data but higher than those in developed nations. Considering the high infection and resistance rates to most of the available antibiotics, it is highly urgent that infection control measures be taken and more effective antibiotic control policies be adopted.
Electronic Properties of 1111 Superconducting Materials and Superconducting Wires Made from 1111 via Powder-in-tube Process (2017)

In a history of superconductors 1911-2017, Fe-based superconductor ReFePnO1-xFx (Re: rare earth, Pn: Pnictogen) exhibits relative high superconducting transition temperatures (Tc) ≤ 58 K under ambient pressure. Electron doping by substitution of O2- with F- was required for appearance of a superconducting phase with high Tc. The Tc and upper critical field of ReFePnO1-xFx are very attractive for applications as superconducting wires and tapes under high magnetic fields, although demonstration of practical superconducting wires is a tough challenge due to the difficulty in controlling the F contents during a processing for ex-situ powder in tube method. In 2017, Zhang et al. reported that iron-based superconducting tapes with Cu sheath showed superconducting electrical current (Jc) ~ 18 kAcm−2. It is noteworthy that the tapes are sintered at 300°C.
Interpretation of 3-D effects in long-offset transient electromagnetic (LOTEM) soundings in the Muensterland area/Germany (1992)

Abstract The interpretation of long-offset transient electromagnetic (LOTEM) data is usually based on layered earth models. Effects of lateral conductivity variations are commonly explained qualitatively, because three-dimensional (3-D) numerical modeling is not readily available for complex geology. One of the first quantitative 3-D interpretations of LOTEM data is carried out using measurements from the Munsterland basin in northern Germany. In this survey area, four data sets show effects of lateral variations including a sign reversal in the measured voltage curve at one site. This sign reversal is a clear indicator of two-dimensional (2-D) or 3-D conductivity structure, and can be caused by current channeling in a near-surface conductive body.Our interpretation strategy involves three different 3-D forward modeling programs. A thin-sheet integral equation modeling routine used with inversion gives a first guess about the location and strike of the anomaly. A volume integral equation program allows models that may be considered possible geological explanations for the conductivity anomaly. A new finite-difference algorithm permits modeling of much more complex conductivity structures for simulating a realistic geological situation. The final model has the zone of anomalous conductivity aligned below a creek system at the surface. Since the creeks flow along weak zones in this area, the interpretation seems geologically reasonable. The interpreted model also yields a good fit to the data.
Assessment of patient satisfaction with pain management in small community inpatient and outpatient settings. (2000)

Institutional pain management programs that approach pain from a multidimensional perspective need to be developed. Continued education for healthcare professionals and patients is a vital part of this process.