gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Novel Heat Exchanger (2013)

Computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer simulations are conducted for a novel shell-tube type heat exchanger. The heat exchanger consists of tube with a narrow slot oriented in the streamwise direction. Numerical simulations are conducted for the Reynolds number of 1500. The 3D turbulent flow in the tube bank region is modeled by k-ε Reynolds stress averaging method by employing ANSYS FLUENT. 3-D transient flow and heat transfer simulations are conducted to determine the flow structure and temperature profiles in the wake of cylinders in the first row and other rows. The effects of the slot size and the orientation and the arrangement of the cylinder in different configuration will be examined. The slotted tube heat exchanger improved heat transfer by more than 27% compare to the traditional shell-tube heat exchanger without slots. Enhancement in heat transfer is even higher at higher values of Reynolds number.
High-Concentration Synthesis of Sub-10-nm Copper Nanoparticles for Application to Conductive Nanoinks (2015)

A simple, high-concentration (up to 0.6 M Cu salt) synthesis of sub-10-nm copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) was developed in ethylene glycol at room temperature under ambient air conditions using 1-amino-2-propanol (AmIP) as the stabilizer. Monodispersed AmIP-Cu NPs of 3.5 ± 1.0 nm were synthesized in a high yield of ∼90%. Thus, nearly 1 g of sub-10-nm Cu NP powder was obtained using a one-step synthesis for the first time. It is proposed that metallacyclic coordination stability of a five-membered ring type between the Cu and AmIP causes the high binding force of Am IP onto the Cu surface, resulting in the superior stability of the AmIP-Cu NPs in a solution. The purified powder of AmIP-Cu NPs can be redispersed in alcohol-based solvents up to high Cu contents of 45 wt % for the preparation of Cu nanoink. The resistivity of the conductive Cu film obtained from the Cu nanoink was 30 μΩ cm after thermal heating at 150 °C for 15 min under a nitrogen flow. The long-term resistance stability of the Cu film under an air atmosphere was also demonstrated.
Spectral Analysis of Relativistic Operators (2010)

Over the last decade, there has been considerable interest and progress in determining the spectral properties of various operators that take relativistic effects into account, with important implications for mathematics and physics. Difficulties are encountered in many-particle problems due to the lack of semiboundedness of the Dirac operator, and this has led to the investigation of operators like those of Chandrasekhar-Herbst and Brown-Ravenhall, which are semibounded under appropriate circumstances. This book contains an up-to-date, comprehensive and self-contained analysis of the spectral properties of these operators, providing the tools for anyone working in this area. Another major feature is the work of the authors on zero modes, a topic which has important significance for the stability of matter and other physical problems. Up until now, these topics have been scattered throughout the literature, without a systematic and cohesive treatment. The book will report largely on the progress on these topics published since 1992
Thread-safe dynamic binary translation using transactional memory (2008)

Dynamic binary translation (DBT) is a runtime instrumentation technique commonly used to support profiling, optimization, secure execution, and bug detection tools for application binaries. However, DBT frameworks may incorrectly handle multithreaded programs due to races involving updates to the application data and the corresponding metadata maintained by the DBT. Existing DBT frameworks handle this issue by serializing threads, disallowing multithreaded programs, or requiring explicit use of locks. This paper presents a practical solution for correct execution of multithreaded programs within DBT frameworks. To eliminate races involving metadata, we propose the use of transactional memory (TM). The DBT uses memory transactions to encapsulate the data and metadata accesses in a trace, within one atomic block. This approach guarantees correct execution of concurrent threads of the translated program, as TM mechanisms detect and correct races. To demonstrate this approach, we implemented a DBT-based tool for secure execution of x86 binaries using dynamic information flow tracking. This is the first such framework that correctly handles multithreaded binaries without serialization. We show that the use of software transactions in the DBT leads to a runtime overhead of 40%. We also show that software optimizations in the DBT and hardware support for transactions can reduce the runtime overhead to 6%.
Acoustic waveform dependence on resonator shape in thermoacoustic engines (2001)

At high amplitudes, sound fields in thermoacousic refrigerators and prime movers are rich in harmonics and possess nonsinusoidal waveforms. In empty cylindrical resonators the natural frequencies are equidistant, the pressure waveforms are sawtooth in appearance, and they dissipate considerable energy at the shocks. Noncylindrical resonators possess nonequidistant natural frequency spectra that impede harmonic generation and reduce losses. The relative phases of the harmonics also depend on the natural frequency spectrum, mainly the relation of the second harmonic to the closest natural frequency, which usually corresponds to the second mode. Pressure waveforms are U shaped when the second harmonic is greater than this natural frequency, sawtooth when the second harmonic coincides with the natural frequency, and inverted-U shaped when the second harmonic is less than the natural frequency. These phenomena are illustrated by results of numerical calculations performed with a 2-D nonlinear model that approximates a thermoacoustic engine consisting of a stack in a resonator with varying cross section. Both pressure and particle velocity waveforms are presented at different locations in resonators of different shapes, possessing correspondingly different natural frequency spectra. Attention is devoted especially to waveforms near and inside the stack. [Work supported by ONR.]
A phase I study of pembrolizumab in combination with enadenotucirev (EnAd) (SPICE) in subjects with metastatic or advanced carcinoma. (2016)

TPS3112 Background: EnAd is a tumor-selective chimeric Ad11/Ad3 group B oncolytic adenovirus developed using a process of directed evolution. Phase I clinical studies have identified a well-tolerated dose and regimen for EnAd monotherapy. EnAd shows a high level of selective replication and cell killing for a broad range of carcinoma cell lines with little replication in normal and non-carcinoma cells. Woller et al. have shown that an oncolytic virus can stimulate immune cell activity and that this stimulation can synergize with checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) activity and can reverse CPI resistance. This emerging data supports the rationale for the combination study of EnAd with CPI, pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 antibody). SPICE is a phase I multi-center, open label, nonrandomized clinical study in subjects with metastatic or advanced carcinoma. The study design allows for an initial dose escalation stage, followed by a dose expansion stage which will include treatment of tumors normally non-responsive to CPI. Methods: In the initial dose escalation phase, 3 cohorts of patients with metastatic or advanced colorectal, urothelial, squamous cell head and neck and salivary gland carcinomas are administered intravenously an increasing dose of enadenotucirev and pembrolizumab in a standard
Assessing Host-Virus Codivergence for Close Relatives of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infecting African Great Apes (2016)

The processes involved in viral evolution and the interaction of viruses with their hosts are of great scientific interest and public health relevance. It has long been thought that the genetic diversity of double-stranded DNA viruses was generated over long periods of time, similar to typical host evolutionary timescales. This was also hypothesized for polyomaviruses (family Polyomaviridae), a group comprising several human pathogens, but this remains a point of controversy. Here, we investigate this question by focusing on a single lineage of polyomaviruses that infect both humans and their closest relatives, the African great apes. We show that these viruses exhibit considerable host specificity and that their evolution largely mirrors that of their hosts, suggesting that codivergence with their hosts played a major role in their diversification. Our results provide statistical evidence in favor of an association of polyomaviruses and their hosts over millions of years.
Risk-Based Locational Marginal Pricing and Congestion Management (2014)

This paper develops a new electricity market clearing mechanism, called risk-based locational marginal pricing (RLMP). The RLMP is derived from the risk-based security-constrained economic dispatch model, where risk is modeled to capture the system's overall security level. Compared to the traditional locational marginal pricing (LMP) which is composed of three components: energy, congestion, and loss, the RLMP consists of an additional risk component. The risk component is a price signal to reflect the system's overall security level. This paper discusses the features of RLMP, and analyzes its benefits over traditional LMPs. The proposed concept and method are illustrated on a six-bus system and the WECC 240-bus system.
Stacked InAs quantum dots in InP studied by cross-sectional scanning tunnelling microscopy (2004)

We report on cross-sectional scanning tunnelling microscopy (XSTM) measurements on vertically stacked InAs quantum dots in InP barriers. We have investigated two-, five- and tenfold stacked quantum dot structures,grown by low-pressure metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy. The XSTM images reveal that the quantum dots are generally vertically well aligned, and have a truncated pyramidal shape in agreement with similar studies of InAs dots in GaAs. STM images displaying atomic resolution indicate that the dots have a pure InAs stoichiometry, with intermixing only occurring in the top and bottom dot rows. Further, we have investigated various anomalies (considered as defects) as observed in the quantum dot stacks. The origins of these anomalies are discussed and compared to theoretical predictions available so far.
<title>Performance measurements of generation III wavefront sensors at the Starfire Optical Range</title> (1995)

The adaptive optics system for the 1.5-m telescope at the Starfire Optical Range, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico has recently been upgraded. Two of the key components in the new system are improved Generation III Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensors (WFSs) built by Adaptive Optics Associates (AOA). The performance of the new WFSs has been measured. Measurements indicate a factor of two improvement in noise performance and less inter- subaperture pixel crosstalk resulting in improved closed loop stability. System design and performance measurements are presented.
Seed-based Distributed Group Key Selection Algorithm for Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

Key establishment has a significant role in providing secure infrastructure for ad hoc networks. For this purpose, several key pre-distribution schemes have been proposed, but majority of the existing schemes rely on a trusted third party which causes a constraint in ad hoc platforms. We propose a seed-based distributed key selection algorithm, namely SeeDKS, for groups of nodes in ad hoc networks. Our approach is inspired by the earlier work on distributed key selection (DKS) and is based on the idea of common group key pool generated with group seed value for each different group. Simulation results show that using very small key ring sizes compared to DKS, we can achieve satisfactory results which DKS cannot accomplish in means of finding at least one common key among group members.
Electrochemical Capacitors for Energy Management (2008)

Rapid storage and efficient delivery of electrical energy in heavy-duty applications are being enabled by electrochemical capacitors.
Reactive Melt Infiltration Of Silicon Into Porous Carbon (1994)

Report describes study of synthesis of silicon carbide and related ceramics by reactive melt infiltration of silicon and silicon/molybdenum alloys into porous carbon preforms. Reactive melt infiltration has potential for making components in nearly net shape, performed in less time and at lower temperature. Object of study to determine effect of initial pore volume fraction, pore size, and infiltration material on quality of resultant product.
Prevalence of Radiographic Foot Abnormalities in Patients with Diabetes (1997)

Clinicians are increasingly aware that mechanical aspects of foot deformities, such as Charcot changes, clawtoes, bunion deformities, or cavus or planus foot deformities, might have an impact on the occurrence, potential healing, and recurrence of foot ulcers. We report the prevalence of plain radiographic changes and attempt to rate the severity of those deformities in the feet of 456 diabetic veteran medicine clinic enrollees. All 456 radiographs were reviewed by orthopaedic surgeons to specifically identify Charcot changes, presence of arterial calcification, dislocation of the lesser toe metatarsophalangeal joints, hallux interphalangeal joint dislocation, and radiographic evidence of previous surgery. Radiographs of 428 patients were taken while weight-bearing, and these were reviewed to quantify hallux valgus angles, intermetatarsal 1-2 angles, fifth metatarsal-proximal phalangeal angles, second metatarsal lengths, lateral talocalcaneal and talar-first metatarsal angles, and claw toe deformities. The prevalence of Charcot changes was 1.4% (six subjects), and all had radiographic evidence of midfoot Charcot changes. Other deformities, such as clawtoes, hallux valgus, lesser toe joint dislocations, and alterations in arch height, are more common in veterans with diabetes.
Distributed operating systems based on a protected global virtual address space (2003)

With the advent of the 64-bit microprocessor, the virtual address space supported by a workstation will be large enough to permit the use of a single shared address space spanning a network of workstations as the primary abstraction provided by a distributed operating system. In such a system, built upon a software distributed shared memory, the programmer has considerable flexibility when choosing a mechanism for interprocess communication. This flexibility permits the programmer to make a case-by-case choice between simplicity and performance when both goals are not simultaneously achievable. With the inclusion of mechanisms supporting protection and fault tolerance, it is believed that such a system can provide the advantages of conventional message-based distributed operating systems, in addition to several other benefits e.g. easy sharing of complex data structures between processes, transparent replication of server functions, and a uniform interface for all communication.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Vildagliptin as an add-on agent in type 2 diabetes in a multi-ethnic UK clinic: a single-centre audit (2011)

The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In Europe vildagliptin is indicated for use in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by lifestyle measures plus an oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) — metformin, a sulphonylurea or a thiazolidinedione. This audit examined the effects of vildagliptin added to one, two or three other OADs (in 13, 12 and five patients, respectively). Glycated haemoglobin A 1C (HbA 1C ) was reduced in 70% of patients (61.5%, 75% and 80% on dual, triple and quadruple therapy, respectively). Mean HbA 1C level decreased from 8.9% to 7.9% (p=0.012). The largest reduction was in African-Caribbean patients (-1.3%). No significant changes in weight, blood pressure or liver function occurred.
RS1 Satellite Phage Promotes Diversity of Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae by Driving CTX Prophage Loss and Elimination of Lysogenic Immunity (2014)

In El Tor biotype strains of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, the CTXϕ prophage often resides adjacent to a chromosomally integrated satellite phage genome, RS1, which produces RS1ϕ particles by using CTX prophage-encoded morphogenesis proteins. RS1 encodes RstC, an antirepressor against the CTXϕ repressor RstR, which cooperates with the host-encoded LexA protein to maintain CTXϕ lysogeny. We found that superinfection of toxigenic El Tor strains with RS1ϕ, followed by inoculation of the transductants into the adult rabbit intestine, caused elimination of the resident CTX prophage-producing nontoxigenic derivatives at a high frequency. Further studies using recA deletion mutants and a cloned rstC gene showed that the excision event was recA dependent and that introduction of additional copies of the cloned rstC gene instead of infection with RS1ϕ was sufficient to enhance CTXϕ elimination. Our data suggest that once it is excised from the chromosome, the elimination of CTX prophage from host cells is driven by the inability to reestablish CTXϕ lysogeny while RstC is overexpressed. However, with eventual loss of the additional copies of rstC, the nontoxigenic derivatives can act as precursors of new toxigenic strains by acquiring the CTX prophage either through reinfection with CTXϕ or by chitin-induced transformation. These results provide new insights into the role of RS1ϕ in V. cholerae evolution and the emergence of highly pathogenic clones, such as the variant strains associated with recent devastating epidemics of cholera in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Haiti.
A robust propulsion layout for underwater vehicles with enhanced manoeuvrability and reliability features (2017)

Design of autonomous underwater vehicles is deeply influenced by required mission specifications. In particular, some activities like inspection of offshore plants or harsh marine environments require underwater vehicle with high autonomy, good propulsion performances and manoeuvrability. These features are deeply influenced by design and performances of the propulsion system. In particular, performances of underwater vehicles (both remotely operated and autonomous) are deeply influenced by four quadrants performances of propellers and by complex fluid dynamics interactions that are difficult to be, even roughly, evaluated. In this work, a study of a reconfigurable propulsion layout and its comparison with a conventional one is introduced. In particular, this study is also focused on modelling techniques that should really represent a reasonable trade-off in terms of accuracy and involved computational resources for fast prototyping and simulation of this kind of mechatronic systems.
Abstract 785: MesP1 Induces Vertebrate Cardiovascular Differentiationby Dkk-1 Mediated Blockage Of Wnt-signalling (2007)

Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent cause of death in the western world. Stem cell based cardiovascular repair will require in-depth understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying cardiovascular ES cell differentiation in vitro . A candidate cardiovascular fate inducer is the bHLH transcription factor Mesp1. As one of the earliest cardiovascular markers it is specifically expressed in almost all precursors of the cardiovascular system and required for cardiac morphogenesis. However, the mode of action of MesP1 in the underlying processes is unknown. Here we show in overexpression experiments using Xenopus embryos that MesP1 is the first known single transcription factor sufficient to induce ectopic beating heart tissue in vertebrates. Furthermore, MesP1 overexpression in ES cells results in significantly increased cardiovasculogenesis. Electrophysiological analysis of isolated beating cardiomyocytes showed all subtypes described for cardiac ES cell differentiation. Our results from RT-PCRs reveal a prominent function of MesP1 within a gene regulatory cascade causing Dkk-1 mediated blockage of canonical wnt signaling non cell autonomously leading to upregulation of the endodermal transcription factor Hex. In ChiP and bandshift assays we confirmed the Dkk-1 promoter as a direct target for MesP1. We consider our studies as a starting point to further decipher the detailed molecular position of MesP1 within the complex networks involved in cardiovasculogenesis. This knowledge will be a prerequisite to program ES cells towards a cardiovascular fate for cell therapy and cardiovascular tissue engineering. Likewise, it will be of great interest to transfer this approach to various subpopulations of human adult stem cells which still have not definitively been shown to bear cardiac transdifferentiation potential in their native state.
Cardiovascular Disease Classification using Photoplethysmography Signals- Survey (2019)

In recent years, heart disease has been one of the main causes of death worldwide. Statistics report that around 17 million people die every year due to this disease. Usually the heart disease diagnosis is done using Electrocardiogram (ECG) which is very expensive for the people to afford especially in remote areas. But using Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals it is easier, non-invasive and less expensive in detecting the heart diseases and other abnormalities of human body. So in this paper, various PPG signals usage and their merits are discussed. Also this work focuses on several methods and algorithms of cardiovascular disease (CVD) classification. Several classifier techniques in the field of biomedical signal processing methods are also examined.
Self-timed interface for S/390 I/O subsystem interconnection (1999)

A high-speed interface has been designed for interconnection of the S/390® I/O subsystem to the IBM S/390 G5 processor. The self-timed interface (STI) provides high bandwidth, greater communication distances, and simpler timing within the S/390 servers than traditional interfaces. The STI communicates between the memory bus adapter and the expanded S/390 I/O subsystem, which now includes the new S/390 fiber channel offering (FICON™) and other network-based protocols such as ATM, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet. Also new for G5 is the use of STI for the integrated cluster bus (ICB), providing direct links among multiple G5 servers. The STI communicates over cables up to ten meters in length at a clock frequency of 167 MHz. Data is sent at twice the clock frequency (333 MB/s). The hardware implementation comprises specially designed logic macros, differential drivers and receivers, and the cables and connectors. The receive macro accommodates up to three bit-times of skew by retimi ng each data bit of the interface to the transmitted clock. This paper describes the STI logic, the characteristics of the link, and the transmission and reception of the data (and clock).
Beating Index Funds With Derivatives (1999)

Indexing has become a popular practice in the investment community. The authors present two primary methodologies that can be used to index a portfolio, and then offer alternatives to “enhance” the process by adding some “active” management. The active elements the authors discuss, which exemplify rigorous risk management principles in accordance with the investor9s objectives and guidelines, are based on the identification of market-neutral strategies whose alpha can be “transported” into the indexed portfolio. The authors contend that combining an active element and a passively indexed portfolio produces long-term benefits.