gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rearrangement and orientation in citran synthesis. X-Ray crystal structures of (–)-bruceol and a (±)-deoxybruceol derivative (1977)

Despite their co-occurrence in Eriostemon brucei, and the similarity between their chiroptical properties, an X-ray study confirms the structure of bruceol to be (1) and shows that of deoxybruceol (studied as a dibromo-derivative) to be (3), i.e. their p-menthane segments are of opposite orientation relative to the coumarin ring. Strain in these structures is similar to that in the citrans described in the preceding paper.Two monochromens are formed when 5,7-dihydroxycoumarin is treated with citral and pyridine: one of these is a citran precursor and its orientation is shown by nuclear Overhauser effects. On heating this chromen, rearrangement occurs to give deoxybruceol as the major product; isodeoxybruceol, of the same orientation as the chromen, is the minor product. Reference is made to the curious biosynthetic situation in E. brucei.
Distinct expression of select and transcriptome-wide isolated 3’UTRs suggests critical roles in development and transition states (2020)

Abstract Mature mRNA molecules are typically considered to be comprised of a 5’UTR, a 3’UTR and a coding region (CDS), all attached until degradation. Unexpectedly, however, there have been multiple recent reports of widespread differential expression of mRNA 3’UTRs and their cognate coding regions, resulting in the expression of isolated 3’UTRs (i3’UTRs); these i3’UTRs can be highly expressed, often in reciprocal patterns to their cognate CDS. Similar to the role of other lncRNAs, isolated 3’UTRs are likely to play an important role in gene regulation but little is known about the contexts in which they are deployed. To begin to parse the functions of i3’UTRs, here we carry out in vitro, in vivo and in silico analyses of differential 3’UTR/CDS mRNA ratio usage across tissues, development and cell state changes both for a select list of developmentally important genes as well as through unbiased transcriptome-wide analyses. Across two developmental paradigms we find a distinct switch from high i3’UTR expression of stem cell related genes in proliferating cells compared to newly differentiated cells. Our unbiased transcriptome analysis across multiple gene sets shows that regardless of tissue, genes with high 3’UTR to CDS ratios belong predominantly to gene ontology categories related to cell-type specific functions while in contrast, the gene ontology categories of genes with low 3’UTR to CDS ratios are similar and relate to common cellular functions. In addition to these specific findings our data provide critical information from which detailed hypotheses for individual i3’UTRs can be tested-with a common theme that i3’UTRs appear poised to regulate cell-specific gene expression and state. Significance Statement The widespread existence and expression of mRNA 3’ untranslated sequences in the absence of their cognate coding regions (called isolated 3’UTRs or i3’UTRs) opens up considerable avenues for gene regulation not previously envisioned. Each isolated 3’UTR may still bind and interact with micro RNAs, RNA binding proteins as well as other nucleic acid sequences, all in the absence or low levels of cognate protein production. Here we document the expression, localization and regulation of i3’UTRs both within particular biological systems as well as across the transcriptome. As this is an entirely new area of experimental investigation these early studies are seminal to this burgeoning field.
Wear Evaluation of Crosslinked UHMWPE for Knee Prostheses Using a Multi-Station Rolling-Sliding Tribotester (2005)

Tribology-related failure of total knee replacement prostheses can lead to risky and expensive revision surgery. Recent changes in polyethylene processing may reduce the incidence of, or even eliminate contact fatigue failure related to bearing oxidation, but devices are still subject to failure modes relating to wear or non-oxidation related fatigue. Contemporary materials claim wear reduction and improved oxidation resistance through various crosslinking and annealing steps, but clinical wear performance of these materials in the knee is difficult to determine. A device incorporating clinically relevant motions and stress states has been used in this work to compare the wear properties of crosslinked polyethylene materials subjected to different irradiation and sterilization conditions. It can potentially be used to analyze the wear behavior of polyethylene materials from different manufacturers, allowing for better prediction of relative performance in vivo.
Assessing sirtuin expression in endometrial carcinoma and non-neoplastic endometrium (2015)

Sirtuins participate in hormone imbalance, metabolism and aging, which are important processes for endometrial cancer (EC) development. Sirtuins mRNA expression (SIRT1 to 7) was determined in 76 ECs (63 Type I, 12 Type II and one mixed EC), and 30 non-neoplastic endometria (NNE) by quantitative real-time PCR. SIRT1 and SIRT7 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using Allred score. Compared to NNE, ECs showed SIRT7 (p < 0.001) mRNA overexpression, whereas SIRT1 (p < 0.001), SIRT2 (p < 0.001), SIRT4 (p < 0.001) and SIRT5 (p < 0.001) were underexpressed. No significant differences were observed for SIRT3 and SIRT6. Type II ECs displayed lower SIRT1 (p = 0.032) and SIRT3 (p = 0.016) transcript levels than Type I ECs. Concerning protein expression, SIRT1 immunostaining median score was higher in ECs compared to NNE epithelium (EC = 5 vs. NNE = 2, p < 0.001), while SIRT7 was lower in ECs (EC = 6 vs. NNE = 7, p < 0.001). No significant associations were found between SIRT1/7 immunoexpression and histological subtype, grade, lymphovascular invasion or stage. Our data shows that sirtuins are deregulated in EC. The diversity of expression patterns observed suggests that sirtuins may have distinctive roles in endometrial cancer similarly to what has been described in other cancer models.
Beschreiben (1982)

Wir kehren noch einmal an das Ende der Gewinnungsphase zurück. Durch Messung und Aufbereitung des Urmaterials sind die Daten entstanden; sie werden in die Datenverarbeitung eingegeben. In der DVA werden die Daten — allgemein gesprochen — in ein Datenmaß transformiert. Das (statistische) Datenmaß ist entweder
Factory floor: A robotically reconfigurable construction platform (2010)

Passive robotically-reconfigurable truss structures offer considerable utility as they can quickly adjust to changing functional requirements and resources at a level of sophistication that no human builder could match. Furthermore, robot built structures can be constructed in environments such as surface of Mars or in micro-gravity, which would otherwise be too time consuming or dangerous for humans. In this paper we discuss some of the mechanical design challenges of developing a passive robotically-reconfigurable truss system, and present the concept of the factory floor, which can construct truss-like structures without climbing on them. In the proposed system, each level is constructed on a ground plane using a truss and node configuration and is elevated to make room for the next level. This process is repeated to create 3D truss structures or reversed to decompose the structure for the next task.
Subsurface Drip Irrigation Research on Commodity Crops in North Carolina (2002)

Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is relatively new to North Carolina. Subsurface drip, forpurposes of this paper, means drip line installed at a depth below normal tillage operations, and usedmultiple years. There has been interest of the use of this technology on commodity crops (corn,wheat, soybeans, cotton, and peanuts) upon which much of the North Carolina agricultural economyis based.<br><br>Research-scale SDI systems have been installed in the Piedmont of North Carolina, in clay loamsoils, and in the Coastal Plain in fine sandy loam soils. One year of data has been collected for corn,winter wheat, and soybeans in the Piedmont, and for cotton and peanuts at the Coastal Plain site.The Piedmont site tested for impact of drip line spacing on corn, winter wheat and soybean yield,while the initial phase of the coastal plain site tested the effect of irrigation method (SDI, sprinkler,and rainfed) and pest strategies on cotton and peanut yield.<br><br>Data from the Piedmont site indicated that a 5-foot drip line spacing (every-other-row between-rows)on corn was just as effective as a 2.5-foot spacing (every-row under-row). No increase in winterwheat yield was realized for any of the drip line spacings, however the wheat was replanted due tocold, dry weather, and was poorly established, complicating the comparison. SDI irrigated soybeanyield was also not statistically different than rainfed yield for any of the drip line spacings. This mayhave been due to the combination of an early frost and indeterminate soybeans that negatedpotential irrigation benefits late in the pod filling stage.<br><br>Data from the Coastal Plain site showed that SDI improved cotton yield as compared to sprinkleracross Roundup. and Pix. treatments. Peanuts receiving various disease control strategies hadsimilar results. Continued research is planned for both sites.
Scanning localized arc discharge lithography for the fabrication of microstructures made of carbon nanotubes (2007)

10.1088/0957-4484/18/38/385304
Effects of positive airway pressure (PAP) modalities on central apnea and crackles in heart failure (2020)

<b>Background/Aim:</b> Central sleep apnea (CSA) is common in heart failure. Measurement of crackles, a physical sign of lung congestion, may be a useful outcome measure for investigation of appropriate therapies in this patient group. The Sonomat measures crackles, as well as at-home diagnosis of sleep disordered breathing. We aimed to quantify the effects of PAP modalities on both CSA and crackles in heart failure using the Sonomat. <b>Methods:</b> We recorded multiple all-night sleep studies with the Sonomat which included 11 diagnostic (Dx), 13 CPAP and 8 adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) studies in a single patient with heart failure. We measured the central apnea/hypopnea index (CAHI), crackle latency (min) and crackle duration (% analysis time). Median (interquartile range) values are reported. <b>Results:</b> Severe CSA was evident on Dx (CAHI=64 [60, 66]/hr), with significant reductions using CPAP (CAHI=31 [22, 42.5]/hr; p&lt;0.01) and ASV (CAHI=3.0 [3.0, 5.0]/hr; p&lt;0.01). PAP significantly reduced crackle duration from a baseline of 41 (31, 48) % to 14 (7, 22) % (p&lt;0.01) using CPAP and 15 (10, 16) % (p&lt;0.05) with ASV. There was no significant difference in crackle duration between ASV and CPAP. Baseline crackle latency was 13 (6, 37) mins, which increased on CPAP to 55 (29, 110) mins; p&lt;0.05. ASV had no significant effect on crackle latency (15 [13, 54] mins). <b>Conclusions:</b> CPAP decreased crackle duration and increased latency without therapeutic effect on CSA. In contrast, ASV controlled central apneas and reduced crackle duration but latency was unchanged. Titration of end-expiratory pressures with ASV, aimed at reducing crackles (pulmonary congestion) may improve its efficacy.
Low-Renin Hypertension, Altered Sodium Homeostasis, and an α-Adducin Polymorphism (2002)

Defining the genetic basis of common forms of human essential hypertension is most informative when correlated with physiological mechanisms that underlie blood pressure regulation. A polymorphism of the alpha-adducin gene as been associated with elevated blood pressure in the rat, but previous studies of the 460Trp polymorphism of the human alpha-adducin gene have not clearly identified an association with hypertension. In this study, the frequency of the 460Trp allele was 19% and 9 of 279 subjects (3.2%) were homozygous for the 460Trp allele. The systolic blood pressure response to changes in dietary sodium was significantly greater in subjects homozygous for the 460Trp allele (25 +/- 4 mm Hg) compared with subjects heterozygous for 460Trp (12 +/- 2 mm Hg) or homozygous for the 460Gly allele (14 +/- 1 mm Hg). Intracellular erythrocyte sodium content, sodium-lithium countertransport, and renal fractional excretion of sodium were significantly decreased in subjects homozygous for the 460Trp polymorphism (P<0.05). There was a significant association between homozygosity for the 460Trp allele and low-renin hypertension. Subjects heterozygous for the 460Trp allele did not have increased salt-sensitivity or an increased frequency of low-renin hypertension. Therefore, this study demonstrates a common genetic basis for altered cellular sodium homeostasis, impaired renal sodium handling, and salt-sensitivity of systolic blood pressure in individuals homozygous for the 460Trp polymorphism of the alpha-adducin gene. Homozygosity for this alpha-adducin allele may be an important determinant for approximately 10% of individuals with low-renin hypertension.
Measuring Awareness of Social Engineering in the Educational Sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (2021)

Social engineering is one of the most inventive methods of gaining unauthorized access to information systems and obtaining sensitive information. This type of cybersecurity threat requires minimal technical knowledge because it relies on the organization’s human element. Social engineers use various techniques, such as phishing, to manipulate users into either granting them access to various systems or disclosing their private data and information. Social engineering attacks can cost organizations more than 100,000 USD per instance. Therefore, it is necessary for organizations to increase their users’ awareness of social engineering attacks to mitigate the problem. The aim of this study is to provide a measurement of social engineering awareness in the Saudi educational sector. To achieve the aim of this study, a questionnaire was developed and evaluated. A total of 465 respondents completed the survey and answered questions related to measuring their knowledge of social engineering. The results show that 34% of participants (158 participants) had previous knowledge of social engineering approaches. The results also indicate that there are significant differences between participants with prior knowledge of social engineering and those with no such knowledge in terms of their security practices and skills. The implication of this study is that training is an essential factor in increasing the awareness of social engineering attacks in the Saudi educational sector.
Synthesis and characterization of naphthalocyanines and phthalocyanines of use in sensitizer studies (1990)

Methods for the preparation of the naphthalocyanines SiNc(OSi(n-C6H13)3)2, SiNc(OSi(i-C4H9)2n-C18H37)2, GeNc(OSi(n-C6H13)3)2, SnNc(OSi(n-C6H13)3)2, AlNcOSi(n-C6H13)3 ' and GaNcOSi(n-C6H13)3 the halonaphthalocyanine isomer mixtures SiMc(Cl)4(OSi(n-C6H13)3)2 and SiNc(Br)4(OSi(n-C6H13)3)2; and the butoxyphthalocyanines GePc(0-n-C4H9)g(OSi(C2H5)3)2 , SnPc(O-n-C4H9)8(OSi(C2H5)3)2, Al(O-n- C4H9)8OSi(C2H5)3 , Ga(O-n-C4H9)8OSi(C2H5)3 , PdPc(O-n-C4H9)8, and Ru(O-n- C4H9)8(C6H5N)2 are outlined. Ultraviolet-visible spectra and other properties of these compounds are described, and their potential as sensitizers is touched upon.
A creep-rupture model of filament-wound spherical pressure vessels (1987)

The creep-rupture model is that of a quasi-isotropic filament-wound spherical pressure vessel, subjected to internal pressurization. The matrix material of the composite system is assumed to be linearly viscoelastic. Internal damage resulting from the relaxation of the matrix and the corresponding increase in microcracks is represented by a functional relationship between circumferential strain and transverse modulus. The numerical solution to this nonlinear problem is an iterative technique, whereby the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle is employed. In the Laplace domain, the associated elastic solution is obtained and this solution is inverted by the multidata method to yield the time-dependent solution.
Moving magnet linear actuator with self‐holding functionality (2018)

Electromagnetic design of a moving magnet frictionless linear actuator with self‐holding functionality for mechanical gear shifting in a transmission application is presented. The actuator consists of a tubular magnetic circuit with stationary armature and axially moving rotating permanent magnet assembly with radial magnetisation in the air gap. The armature contains a two‐piece magnetic core with a space for a winding. The effects of armature slot opening and magnetic circuit materials on the self‐holding force and the acting force are studied in the whole moving range. The designed moving magnet linear actuator improves the performance of the vehicle by enabling shift times below 50 ms with no energy consumption between the shifts.
Development and Characterization of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems for Diltiazem Hydrochloride (2003)

Transdermal drug delivery system of diltiazem hydrochloride was developed to obtain a prolonged controlled drug delivery. Both the matrix diffusion controlled (MDC) and membrane permeation controlled (MPC) systems were developed. The matrix diffusion controlled systems used various combinations of hydrophilic and lipophillic polymers, whereas membrane permeation controlled systems were developed using the natural polymer chitosan. The MDC systems were prepared using the cast film method and the MPC systems by an adhesive sealing technique. Both the systems were characterized for in vitro and in vivo performance. The MDC systems were characterized for physicochemical properties such as tensile strength, moisture content, and water vapor transmission. The in vitro release studies showed that the release from the matrix diffusion controlled transdermal drug delivery systems follows a nonfickian pattern and that from the membrane permeation controlled transdermal drug delivery systems follow zero-order kinetics. The release from the matrix systems increased on increasing the hydrophilic polymer concentration, but the release from the membrane systems decrease on cross-linking of the rate controlling membrane and also on addition of citric acid to the chitosan drug reservoir gel. The in vivo studies of the selected systems showed that both systems are capable of achieving the effective plasma concentration for a prolonged period of time. The MPC system achieved effective plasma concentration a little more slowly than the MDC system, but it exhibited a more steady state plasma level for 24 hr.
Fringing Field Effects in Thin-Film Silicon Transistors on Glass (2010)

A new process enabling the transfer of a single-crystal silicon film to a glass substrate has been developed allowing for the creation of fully crystalline thin-film silicon-on-glass (SiOG) transistors. The dominant 2-D effect in SiOG transistors results from fringing electric field lines emanating through the glass substrate between the source, drain, and thin-film channel regions. The fringing field leads to a shift in the flatband or threshold voltage in a similar manner to drain-induced barrier lowering. The fringing field effect can lead to an 11% shift in flatband for devices with channel length of 4 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm m}$</tex> </formula> and a nominal flatband of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$-$</tex> </formula> 1 V. A compact model for the fringing field in these devices has been developed using conformal mapping techniques that capture the dependence on both channel length and the relative size of the source and drain electrodes. The model accurately predicts the influence of the fringing field on subthreshold drain current for SiOG PFETs operating in accumulation. The model is validated against the 2-D device simulator Silvaco Atlas.
Promoting rural cooperatives in developing countries: the case of Sub-Saharan Africa (1991)

The economic crisis in sub - Saharan Africa presents a major challenge to donors and to policy-makers. After an initial period of growth following independence, most African economies faltered, then failed. Repressed producer prices, inefficient public marketing boards, and weak government commitment have often been blamed for the poor performance of agriculture, Africa's most important sector. Thus, since the mid-1980s, many structural adjustment programs have emphasized price and marketing reforms, and countries have liberalized the marketing and pricing of major food crops. These reforms have improved the performance of the agricultural sector, but the effects on growth and real income have not met expectations. Deficient infrastructure, inadequate access to inputs and credit, poor extension services, and inefficient marketing systems constrain the effective expansion of production. There must be reforms that specifically address these constraints. This paper examines the reasons behind successful and unsuccessful experiences with rural co-ops and reevaluates the potential for remedying the major problems. It briefly explains the motivation for and effectiveness of rural co-ops in developed countries through the example of the Dutch. It then focuses on the development of rural cooperatives in sub - Saharan Africa and on the main issues and problems, including internal and external constraints.
Electronegative plasma diagnostic by laser photo-detachment combined with negatively biased Langmuir probe (2018)

We propose a new technique for diagnosing negative ion properties using Langmuir probe assisted pulsed laser photo-detachment. While the classical technique uses a laser pulse to convert negative ions into electron-atom pairs and a positively biased Langmuir probe tracking the change of electron saturation current, the proposed method uses a negatively biased Langmuir probe to track the temporal evolution of positive ion current. The negative bias aims to avoid the parasitic electron current inherent to probe tip surface ablation. In this work, we show through analytical and numerical approaches that, by knowing electron temperature and performing photo-detachment at two different laser wavelengths, it is possible to deduce plasma electronegativity (ratio of negative ion to electron densities) α, and anisothermicity (ratio of electron to negative ion temperatures) γ−. We present an analytical model that links the change in the collected positive ion current to plasma electronegativity and anisothermicity. Particle-In-Cell simulation is used as a numerical experiment covering a wide range of α and γ− to test the new analysis technique. The new technique is sensitive to α in the range 0.5 &amp;lt; α &amp;lt; 10 and yields γ− for large α, where negative ion flux affects the probe sheath behavior, typically α &amp;gt; 1.
ChemInform Abstract: ALUMINUM CHLORIDE COMPLEXES WITH PURINE, ADENINE AND GUANINE (1983)

Abstract Das mit Triethylorthoformiat in Ethanol (50‐60°C) dehydratisierte Al‐trichlorid‐hexahydrat bildet bei der Umsetzung mit zwei Äquivalenten Adenin, Purin oder Guanin in siedendem Ethanol (2‐5 d) die polymeren Produkte (I) (keine Ausb.‐Angabe.