gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Resolvin D1 on the inflammatory phenotype of periodontal ligament cell response to hypoxia (2022)

Our results indicate that hypoxia up-regulated the inflammatory level of PDLCs. RvD1 can reduce under-hypoxia-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in the inflammatory phenotype of PDLCs. Moreover, RvD1 promotes the calcium nodules in PDLCs, possibly by affecting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway through Akt and HIF-1α.
Monte Carlo simulation of ion-neutral charge exchange collisions andgrid erosion in an ion thruster (1991)

A combined particle-in-cell (PIC)/Monte Carlo simulation model has been developed in which the PIC method is used to simulate the charge exchange collisions. It is noted that a number of features were reproduced correctly by this code, but that its assumption of two-dimensional axisymmetry for a single set of grid apertures precluded the reproduction of the most characteristic feature of actual test data; namely, the concentrated grid erosion at the geometric center of the hexagonal aperture array. The first results of a three-dimensional code, which takes into account the hexagonal symmetry of the grid, are presented. It is shown that, with this code, the experimentally observed erosion patterns are reproduced correctly, demonstrating explicitly the concentration of sputtering between apertures.
A Novel Dram Cell Design and Process for 70NM Generation (2006)

A new DRAM cell design for 70nm generation is demonstrated. We develop a novel cell design which is different from that previously published for trench DRAM technology and can be shrunk into 70nm generation. Some innovative processes are also introduced to successfully demonstrated the cell function
‘Liver let die’: oxidative DNA damage and hepatotropic viruses (2014)

Chronic infections by the hepatotropic viruses hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is estimated that more than 700,000 individuals per year die from HCC, and around 80 % of HCC is attributable to HBV or HCV infection. Despite the clear clinical importance of virus-associated HCC, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. Oxidative stress, in particular DNA lesions associated with oxidative damage, play a major contributory role in carcinogenesis, and are strongly linked to the development of many cancers, including HCC. A large body of evidence demonstrates that both HBV and HCV induce hepatic oxidative stress, with increased oxidative DNA damage being observed both in infected individuals and in murine models of infection. Here, we review the impact of HBV and HCV on the incidence and repair of oxidative DNA damage. We begin by giving a brief overview of oxidative stress and the repair of DNA lesions induced by oxidative stress. We then review in detail the evidence surrounding the mechanisms by which both viruses stimulate oxidative stress, before focusing on how the viral proteins themselves may perturb the cellular response to oxidative DNA damage, impacting upon genome stability and thus hepatocarcinogenesis.
Congestion management in bilateral based power market by FACTS devices and load curtailments (2006)

The restructuring of the electric power industry has involved paradigm shifts in the real time control activities of the power grids. Managing dispatch is one of the important control activities in a power system. With the trend of an increasing number of bilateral contracts being signed for electricity market trades, the possibility of insufficient resources leading to network congestion may be unavoidable. In this scenario, congestion management becomes an important issue. Real-time transmission congestion can be defined as the operating condition in which there is not enough transmission capability to implement all the traded transactions. It may be alleviated by incorporating line capacity constraints in the dispatch and scheduling process. This may involve re-dispatch of generation or load curtailment. Other possible means for relieving congestion are operation of FACTS devices (TCSC), these two ways are compared in this paper.
Real-time model-based fault diagnosis for switching power converters (2015)

We present the analysis, design, and experimental implementation of a fault diagnosis method for switching power converters using a model-based estimator approach. The fault diagnosis method enables efficient detection and identification of component and sensor faults, and is implemented on the same computation platform as the control system. The model-based estimator operates in parallel with the switching power converter, and generates an error residual vector that can be used to detect and identify particular component or sensor faults. This paper presents an experimental demonstration for a 1.2 kW rack-level uninterruptable power supply (UPS) dc-dc converter for data center applications. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate fault detection and identification for various component and sensor faults in the converter. Moreover, we show that the proposed fault diagnosis design and analysis methods are applicable to a broad class of converter topologies and fault types.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Simultaneous Targeting of DNA Polymerase Theta and PARP1 or RAD52 Triggers Dual Synthetic Lethality in Homologous Recombination–Deficient Leukemia Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S1. Genetic aberrations and mRNA expression variabilities of POLQ, PARP1 and RAD52 do not coexist in 519 AML samples from the BEAT-AML cohort.&lt;/p&gt;
Transient Response Simulation of Downstream Thermofluid Field in a Gas Circuit Breaker during Current Interruption (2005)

A transient response of SF6 thermofluid field inside the exhaust tube in a Gas Circuit Breaker under high temperature, high pressure and high velocity conditions is analyzed by taking compressible effect and some realistic processes into account related to the available experimental data of GCB test facility. Furthermore, computational simulation is conducted to clarify the effective cooling process of SF6 hot gas flow inside the exhaust tube for transient time to avoid the SF6 hot gas breakdown near exhaust tube exit after the arc current interruption. It is found that the SF6 hot gas flow can be effectively cooled down for the rough inside wall of exhaust tube due to the separation of SF6 hot gas flow from the inside wall and also active mixing with upstream cold gas. The effect of roughness pattern on the real time thermofluid field of SF6 hot gas flow and possible breakdown region are also clarified. Finally, the computed temperature in GCB shows the good agreement with the available experimental data for smooth surface of exhaust tube.
Scaling up FluidFlower results for carbon dioxide storage in geological media (2023)

The partial differential equations describing immiscible, but soluble, carbon dioxide (CO2) displacement of brine are developed including local mass-transfer effects. Scaling relationships for characteristic time among laboratory and representative storage formation conditions are found upon assumption that free-phase CO2 transport during injection is dominated by convection. The implication is that an hour in the FluidFlower (large-scale visual model) scales to hundreds of years of elapsed time in the storage formation. The scaling criteria permit extrapolation of the effects of changes in parameters and operating conditions. Interphase mass transfer allows CO2 to saturate the brine phase and such mass transfer is a significant nonequilibrium phenomenon. Significant mixing of CO2 dissolved into formation brine with original brine is found experimentally and is also predicted. The magnitude of onset time for downward migrating fingers containing CO2 is typically only a fraction of the duration of CO2 injection and in general agreement with theoretical analysis in the literature. Predictions for onset time of convective mixing at representative storage formation conditions likewise teach that the onset time for viscous fingering is significantly less than the duration of CO2 injection in some cases. The implications of this observation include that mixing of CO2 with brine and the subsequent settling due to gravity are relatively rapid and coincide with the period of active CO2 injection.
Resistance Switching in Individual Hydrogen Silsesquioxane (HSQ) Nanopillars (2016)

The ability to fabricate nanometre-scale Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM) devices is of interest both to provide a fundamental understanding of resistance switching mechanisms and ultimate scaling limits, and also to precisely define the position of conductive filaments in devices. In this paper, we report the observation of resistance switching of individual hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) nanopillars. The nanopillar array structure was based on a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) configuration and fabricated using electron beam lithography with Ti and Mo as top and bottom electrodes, respectively. The 130 nm diameter nanopillars were biased using a conductive atomic force microscope (CAFM) tip. Subsequent probing of the nanopillar array showed an increase of conductivity of individual pillars. This indicates that we are able to address a single nanopillar as a switchable element in a ReRAM array.
Figure S3 from Drug Targeting the Actin Cytoskeleton Potentiates the Cytotoxicity of Low Dose Vincristine by Abrogating Actin-Mediated Repair of Spindle Defects (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The combinations of anti-Tpm3.1 compounds and VCR synergistically arrest HeLa cells in mitosis.&lt;/p&gt;
A6 Innate immunity – Phagocytes, natural killer cells and the complement system (2011)

In the second half of the 19th century, Eli Metchnikoff discovered that bacteria can be ingested (phagocytosed) by LEUKOCYTES present in the blood of a variety of different animals. At about the same time, Paul Ehrlich found that certain agents dissolved in blood had bactericidal potential. The scientific discussion on the importance of cellular versus humoral factors in our defense against bacteria that followed came to an end when it was recognized that both components enforce each other’s effect within the context of the IMMUNE SYSTEM. In 1908, both scientists shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine. Further investigations on the nature and the working mechanism of the cells and the proteins that constitute our immunological defense system showed that each of these components is made up of several different constituents. In its turn, this led to the insight that a functional distinction exists between the adaptive and the innate branch of the IMMUNE SYSTEM.
PET imaging of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor: A head-to-head comparison of a novel radioligand, 11C-GW2580, and 11C-CPPC, in mouse models of acute and chronic neuroinflammation and a rhesus monkey (2021)

Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a specific biomarker for microglia. In this study, we developed a novel PET radioligand for CSF1R, <sup>11</sup>C-GW2580, and compared it to a reported CSF1R tracer, <sup>11</sup>C-CPPC, in mouse models of acute and chronic neuroinflammation and a rhesus monkey. Dynamic <sup>11</sup>C-GW2580- and <sup>11</sup>C-CPPC-PET images were quantified by reference tissue-based models and standardized uptake value ratio. Both tracers exhibited increased uptake in the lesioned striata of lipopolysaccharide-injected mice and in the forebrains of <i>App<sup>NL-G-F/NL-G-F</sup></i>-knock-in mice, spatially in agreement with an increased 18-kDa translocator protein radioligand retention. Moreover, <sup>11</sup>C-GW2580 captured changes in CSF1R availability more sensitively than <sup>11</sup>C-CPPC, with a larger dynamic range and a smaller inter-individual variability, in these model animals. PET imaging of CSF1R in a rhesus monkey displayed moderate-to-high tracer retention in the brain at baseline. Homologous blocker (i. e. unlabeled tracer) treatment reduced the uptake of <sup>11</sup>C-GW2580 by ∼30% in all examined brain regions except for centrum semi-ovale white matter, but did not affect the retention of <sup>11</sup>C-CPPC. In summary, our results demonstrated that <sup>11</sup>C-GW2580-PET captured inflammatory microgliosis in the mouse brain with higher sensitivity than a reported radioligand, and displayed saturable binding in the monkey brain, potentially providing an imaging-based quantitative biomarker for reactive microgliosis.
HIGHER BODY MASS INDEX IS ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF HYLAN G-F 20INJECTIONS IN THE SHOULDER AND HIP JOINTS OF PATIENTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS (2016)

Background. Intra-articular hyaluronan injections are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the management of knee osteoarthritis. The effectiveness and safety of use of viscosupplementation in other joints are still unclear, and no evidence-based criteria are established to screen the patients for such treatment. Research Question. The effectiveness and safety of the use of viscosupplementation for the management of osteoarthritis of the shoulder and hip. Protocol/Methods. In a case series study, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of the 26 patients undergoing fluoroscopically-guided intra-articular Hylan G-F 20 injections for the management of osteoarthritis of the shoulder (21 injections) and hip (31 injections). Age, gender, body mass index, number of co-morbidities, use of opiates, severity, and location of osteoarthritis were assessed as possible prognostic factors. The number of months of pain relief and the degree of symptomatic improvement were considered outcomes for this study. Results. Our analysis showed that the injections provide effective pain relief for up to 4 months in 72 approximately half of the patients with a few patients experiencing pain relief during the whole observation period of 24-30 months. No adverse events were reported. We have also found statistically significant association of a higher body mass index with worse clinical outcome - shorter duration of pain relief and less symptomatic improvement in both joints. We did not find significant prognostic factors (i.e., age, race, the number of comorbidities, use of opiates, and the location (hip versus shoulder) and severity of degenerative joint disease) for the clinical outcomes of injections. Discussion. Our results point towards a strong relationship between positive responses to intra-articular Hylan G-F 20 injections performed using fluoroscopic guidance in individuals with lower BMI who suffer from intractable shoulder and/or hip OA-related pain. Conclusion. Intraarticular Hylan G-F 20 injections for the symptomatic management of shoulder and hip osteoarthritis appear to be safe with better efficacy in lean individuals regardless of severity.
On–off switchable drug release from multi-responsive degradable poly(ether urethane) nanoparticles (2013)

A novel on-off switchable drug-release system was developed based on a series of multi-responsive degradable poly(ether urethane)s. The multi-segmented poly(ether urethane)s were synthesized through a simple one-pot condensation polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol), 2,2'-dithiodiethanol, N-methyldiethanolamine and hexamethylene diisocyanate. The obtained amphiphilic copolymers could self-assemble into nanoparticles in aqueous solution, which were responsive to temperature, pH and redox potential with tailored phase-transition temperature. The whole process for the responsive behaviours of the poly(ether urethane) nanoparticles was confirmed by light transmission, dynamic light scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance and transmission electron microscopy. The nanoparticles could encapsulate hydrophobic drugs and showed a temperature-triggered accelerated and complete drug-release profile. The mechanism of the temperature-triggered multi-responsive accelerated drug release was also elucidated. These results presented the polymeric nanoparticles as an effective multi-responsive degradable nanocarrier to achieve on-off drug release.
Factor XIII Val34Leu and the risk of venous thromboembolism in factor V Leiden carriers (2000)

A mutation in factor XIII (Val34Leu) was reported to protect against venous thromboembolism. We evaluated the effect of Val34Leu on thrombotic risk in 352 factor V Leiden carriers who were first-degree relatives of 132 thrombotic propositi carrying factor V Leiden. The total observation period was 2,594 years in 92 Val34Leu carriers and 7,444 years in 260 non-carriers. The annual incidence of a first episode of venous thromboembolism was 0.31% in Val34Leu carriers and 0.44% in non-carriers [relative risk (RR) for venous thromboembolism: 0.7, 95% CI 0.3-1.5]. Age-specific RR for venous thromboembolism were (for Val34Leu carriers and non-carriers respectively): 1.0 (95% CI 0.3-3.2) in the age group of 15-30 years, 0.4 (95%, CI 0.05-3.0) in the age group of 30-45 years, 0.6 (95% CI 0.1-2.9) in the group aged 45-60 years and 0.5 (95% CI 0.06-4.5) in relatives older than 60 years. In conclusion, the impact of FXIII Val34Leu on the venous thromboembolic risk is modest, suggesting that screening for this mutation in factor V Leiden carriers is not justified.
Association of Four Genetic Loci with Uric Acid Levels and Reduced Renal Function: The J-SHIPP Suita Study (2010)

Accumulation of risk genotypes was an independent risk factor for future development of hyperuricemia. Genetically developed hypouricemia was an independent risk factor for decreased renal function.
Cytokines in inflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytoma presenting with leukemoid reaction (1993)

Inflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytomas (IMFH) are rare tumors and are frequently associated with leukocytosis. In rare cases, leukemoid reactions were attributed to tumor production of unidentified hematopoietic factors. In this study, we used immunohistochemical techniques to show cytokine immunoreactivity in the malignant cells of two cases of IMFH presenting with leukemoid reactions and compared them with two malignant fibrous histocytomas, noninflammatory type. All four tumors stained positively for stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), and insulin-like growth factor-I. Other cytokines detected only in the two IMFH included IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and keratinocyte growth factor. Granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, IL-3, and transforming growth factor-beta staining was present in one of the two IMFH tumors and was not present in the noninflammatory tumors. The immunohistochemical staining was localized to the malignant cells, suggesting deregulated cytokine expression consistent with their monocytic/histocytic origin. Expression of certain cytokines in the IMFH may account for the local inflammatory infiltrate, tumor fibrosis, and the aggressive nature of the malignant cells. We also detected elevated serum levels of SCF, G-CSF, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor in one or both of the IMFH patients. These latter observations may explain the bone marrow hypercellularity and other paraneoplastic symptoms, including fever, malaise, and weight loss, observed in both patients. Different cytokines present in the two IMFH tumors appear to be responsible for the eosinophilic leukemoid reaction observed in one case and for the granulocytic leukemoid reaction observed in the other patient. They may also be responsible for expansion of the tumor-cell population, fibroblast proliferation, and enhanced secretion of extracellular collagen.
Chemistry of 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxole. Two-carbon Homologation of Carbonyl Compounds to a-Ketoaldenydes and Dihydroxyacetonyl Moieties (1982)

The l i t h i u m s a l t o f 2.2-dimethyl-1.3-dioxoleadds r e a d i l y t o aldehydes and ketones t o form the blocked dihydmxyacetonyl moiety.Only i n favorable cases, however, can deblocking be accomplished without rearrangement.b r e comnonly, acid-catalyzed deblocking leads t o concomnitant dehydrat i o n and r e s u l t s i n excellent y i e l d s of a-ketoaldehydes rather than s u b s t i t u ted dihydmxyacetones.Recently there has been a considerable exploration of the chemistry of l i t h i u m s a l t s of v i n y l 1 ethers as reversed p o l a r i t y equivalents of carbonyl compounds .The dihydroxyacetonyl moiety i s found i n several important drugs, including glucocorticoids and the c l i n i c a l l y useful antitumor anthracycline a n t i b i o t i c , doxorubicin (1) and t h i s moiety cannot be formed by the above pmcedures.
Heteroleptic Amidinate Complexes of Heavy Group 15 Elements – Synthesis, X‐ray Crystal Structures and Theoretical Calculations (2009)

Abstract Monosubstituted amidinate complexes [RC(NR′) 2 ]ECl 2 [E = Sb, R = t Bu, R′ = i Pr 1 , Cy 2 , 2,6‐ i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 (Dipp) 3 ; R = n Bu, R′ = i Pr 4 ; E = Bi, R = t Bu, R′ = i Pr 5 , Dipp 6 ] were prepared in high yields by salt elimination reactions of ECl 3 with Li amidinates. 1 – 6 were characterized by elemental analyses, NMR and IR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In addition, computational calculations were performed to clarify the different bonding modes in 1 and 5 . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A coupled atrioventricular-aortic setup for in-vitro hemodynamic study of the systemic circulation: Design, Fabrication, and Physiological relevancy (2022)

Abstract In-vitro models of the systemic circulation have gained a lot of interest for fundamental understanding of cardiovascular dynamics and for applied hemodynamic research. In this study, we introduce a physiologically accurate in-vitro hydraulic setup that models the hemodynamics of the coupled atrioventricular-aortic system. This unique experimental simulator has three major components: 1) an arterial system consisting of a human-scale artificial aorta along with the main branches, 2) an artificial left ventricle (LV) sac connected to a programmable piston-in-cylinder pump for simulating cardiac contraction and relaxation, and 3) an artificial left atrium (LA). The setup is designed in such a way that the basal LV is directly connected to the aortic root via an aortic valve, and to the LA via an artificial mitral valve. As a result, two-way hemodynamic couplings can be achieved for studying the effects that the LV, aorta, and LA have on each other. The collected pressure and flow measurements from this setup demonstrate a remarkable correspondence to clinical hemodynamics. We also investigate the physiological relevancies of isolated effects on cardiovascular hemodynamics of various major global parameters found in the circulatory system, including LV contractility, LV preload, heart rate, aortic compliance, and peripheral resistance. Subsequent control over such parameters ultimately captures physiological hemodynamic effects of LV systolic dysfunction, preload (cardiac) diseases, and afterload (arterial) diseases. The detailed design and fabrication of the proposed setup is also provided.