gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steady-state microwave conductivity reveals mobility-lifetime product in methylammonium lead iodide (2018)

Many time-resolved techniques to study charge carrier recombination involve pulsed high-power optical excitation and photo-generated carrier densities many orders of magnitude higher than present under typical solar cell operating conditions. In this report, we demonstrate a steady-state contactless microwave conductivity technique to evaluate the photoconductivity of carriers in semiconductors at low illumination intensity, as a function of optical power density. We studied characteristics of both thin films and single crystals of a hybrid halide perovskite compound, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). The aggregate mobility-lifetime product of majority and minority carriers in thin films of MAPbI3 was determined and found to be highly-dependent on incident optical power density, even at sub-1-sun illumination intensities, and attributed to trap states within the films.
Germline Development of Chicken-Pheasant Hybrids (2010)

이종 간 잡종 (interspecific hybrid)에 대한 연구는 기초 유전학적 연구 뿐 아니라 생명공학기술과의 접목을 통해 멸종위기종의 보존 연구에 큰 도움을 줄 수 있다. 하지만 이종간 잡종에서의 생식세포의 발달 및 외래생식세포의 발달 가능성에 대한 연구는 아직까지 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에선 공여 자유래 생식세포의 발달과정분석을 위해 화이트레그 혼 수탉과 한국 꿩 암탉의 인공수정을 통해 이종 간 잡종을 생산하였다. 유전형분석을 통해 이종 간 잡종은 각각 부모의 유전형의 중간적인 상태를 유지하고 있었으며, 시간별 혈관 내 생식세포 수 조사에선 모체인 꿩과 유사한 비율을 나타내었다. 또한 꿩 특이적 항체에만 특이적으로 반응하는 것으로 보아 닭-꿩 이종 간 잡종의 원시생식세포는 꿩과 상당 부분 공통적인 특징을 가지는 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구를 통해 조류 생식세포 발달에 대한 기초 지식 뿐 아니라 멸종조류 복원연구에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.
Some classical color differences calculated with new formulas (1992)

An evaluation of chromatic and color-threshold differences was carried out by using the CMC(l:c) and the BFD(l:c) color-difference formulas [ J. Soc. Dyers Colour.100, 128 ( 1984); J. Soc. Dyers Colour.103, 86 ( 1987)] from experimental threshold results obtained with visual colorimeters [ J. Opt. Soc. Am.32, 247 ( 1942); J. Opt. Soc. Am.39, 808 ( 1949); J. Opt. Soc. Am.47, 137 ( 1957); J. Opt. Soc. Am.61, 1135 ( 1971)]. The good results previously reported on the use of these two new formulas with surface colors are also found for the chromatic differences calculated, especially with the BFD(1:1) formula. In the case of color differences BFD(0.6:1) improves the results achieved with BFD(1:1) and gives results similar to those of CMC(1:1). The claim of CMC(l:c) and BFD(l:c) as sometimes superior alternatives to the currently recommended CIE formulas CIELUV and CIELAB can be supported by the present results.
Self-Attentive Speaker Embeddings for Text-Independent Speaker Verification (2018)

This paper introduces a new method to extract speaker embeddings from a deep neural network (DNN) for text-independent speaker verification. Usually, speaker embeddings are extracted from a speaker-classification DNN that averages the hidden vectors over the frames of a speaker; the hidden vectors produced from all the frames are assumed to be equally important. We relax this assumption and compute the speaker embedding as a weighted average of a speaker's frame-level hidden vectors, and their weights are automatically determined by a self-attention mechanism. The effect of multiple attention heads are also investigated to capture different aspects of a speaker's input speech. Finally, a PLDA classifier is used to compare pairs of embeddings. The proposed self-attentive speaker embedding system is compared with a strong DNN embedding baseline on NIST SRE 2016. We find that the self-attentive embeddings achieve superior performance. Moreover, the improvement produced by the self-attentive speaker embeddings is consistent with both short and long testing utterances. © 2018 International Speech Communication Association. All rights reserved.
Mechanism and Machine Science Educational Workshop Based on Schr&#246;der-Reuleaux Ancient Models of Politecnico di Torino (2020)

Around the world, there are many collections of models of mechanisms and machine components of historical value. Among these, there is an important collection kept at the Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering-DIMEAS. It consists of about 85 Reuleaux models manufactured by the Schröder company of Darmstadt in the second half of the 19th century. It includes linkages, gears, cam-follower systems, belt drives, couplings and clutches whose history is reconstructed. Some models are still used effectively today in teaching the science of mechanisms and machine. The paper presents both the important historical collection and the didactic methodology adopted in the course “Mechanics of Automatic Machines” in which students practice the developing of virtual models of some selected mechanisms.
Osteoblasts and stromal cells isolated from femora in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients express IL-11, leukaemia inhibitory factor and oncostatin M (2000)

We investigated both in vitro and ex vivo the role of mature osteoblasts (OB) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) in RA and OA by analysing the expression of the following IL-6-type cytokines: IL-11, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (OSM) and IL-6. OB and BMSC were isolated from femora of RA, OA and post-traumatic (PT) patients, cultured in vitro in the presence or absence of IL-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and assessed for the production and mRNA expression of IL-6-type cytokines. Trabecular bone biopsies were obtained from the inner portions of femoral heads and used for cytokine in situ immunostaining. Cultured OB and BMSC from different patients constitutively secreted IL-11 and IL-6 but not OSM. LIF was secreted only by BMSC, at very low levels. Interestingly, IL-11 basal production was significantly higher in BMSC than in OB in all three groups tested. IL-1beta and TNF-alpha strongly stimulated IL-6-type cytokine release (except for OSM) by both OB and BMSC. OSM was expressed only at mRNA levels in all groups studied. Cytokine immunostaining on bone biopsies confirmed the data obtained on cultured cells: IL-11, IL-6 and LIF proteins were detected both in mesenchymal (BMSC and OB) and mononuclear cells; OSM was found only in mononuclear cells. These data demonstrate that IL-6-type cytokines are constitutively expressed in the bone compartment in RA, OA and PT patients and can be secreted by bone cells at different stages of differentiation (BMSC and OB). This suggests that these cytokines may be involved in the mechanisms of bone remodelling in OA and RA.
ExportAid: database of RNA elements regulating nuclear RNA export in mammals (2014)

Freely accessible without registration at http://www.introni.it/ExportAid/ExportAid.html. Database and web interface are implemented in Perl, MySQL, Apache and JavaScript with all major browsers supported.
Mechanical properties of dry, normal, and glycerol-treated skin as measured by the gas-bearing electrodynamometer (1985)

The viscoelastic properties of dry, normal, and glycerol-treated skin of the lower leg have been measured with a gas-bearing electrodynamometer (GBE). Elastic modulus measurements are shown to correlate well with visual assessment of the skin condition by a trained dermatological grader. Dry skin is generally stiffer than normal skin and glycerol treatment can indeed soften the skin. Removal of the outer layers of the stratum corneum by tape stripping resulted in an almost 50 % reduction in the moduli--indicating a significant contribution to the mechanical properties of the skin from these layers as measured by the GBE.
SNPExpress: integrated visualization of genome-wide genotypes, copy numbers and gene expression levels (2008)

The combined analyses with the easily accessible software tool SNPExpress will not only facilitate the recognition of recurrent genetic lesions, but also the identification of critical pathogenic genes.
10-GHz, over 20-channel multiwavelength pulse source by slicing super-continuum spectrum generated in normal-dispersion fiber (1999)

We demonstrate a multiwavelength pulse source which utilizes the super-continuum generated in a normal group-velocity dispersion fiber and an arrayed-waveguide grating filter. Over 20-channels of pulse train with a repetition rate of 10 GHz are realized, and each channel has almost the same pulsewidth. This uniformity originates from the fact that the super-continuum pulse generated in a normal-dispersion fiber has a rectangular waveform and a linear chirp.
The Internet For Dummies (1993)

From the Publisher:
ISPs. URLs. DSL. If you're new to the Internet, all that technobabble can be confusing. Relax! With the friendly advice and plain-English explanations in this bestselling guide, you'll soon be swapping e-mails, sending instant messages, surfing the Web, managing your money online ... and maybe even creating your own personal Web page!
Gust Load Alleviation of an Aeroelastic System Using Nonlinear Control (2009)

The authors develop a nonlinear longitudinal model of an aircraft modeled by rigid fuselage, tail, and wing, where the wing is attached to the fuselage with a torsional spring. The main focus is to retain the full nonlinearities associated with the system and to perform gust load alleviation for the model by comparing the impact of a proportional-integral-lter nonzero setpoint linear controller with control rate weighting and a nonlinear Lyapunovbased controller. The four degree of freedom longitudinal system under consideration includes the traditional longitudinal three degree of freedom aircraft model and one additional degree of freedom due to the torsion from the wing attachment. Computational simulations are performed to show the aeroelastic response of the aircraft due to a gust load disturbance with and without control. Results presented in the paper show that the linear model fails to capture the true nonlinear response of the system and the linear controller based on the linear model does not stabilize the nonlinear system.
The Sleep Heart Health Study: Design, Rationale, and Methods (1997)

The Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) is a prospective cohort study designed to investigate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and other sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) as risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. The study is designed to enroll 6,600 adult participants aged 40 years and older who will undergo a home polysomnogram to assess the presence of OSA and other SDB. Participants in SHHS have been recruited from cohort studies in progress. Therefore, SHHS adds the assessment of OSA to the protocols of these studies and will use already collected data on the principal risk factors for cardiovascular disease as well as follow-up and outcome information pertaining to cardiovascular disease. Parent cohort studies and recruitment targets for these cohorts are the following: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (1,750 participants), Cardiovascular Health Study (1,350 participants), Framingham Heart Study (1,000 participants), Strong Heart Study (600 participants), New York Hypertension Cohorts (1,000 participants), and Tucson Epidemiologic Study of Airways Obstructive Diseases and the Health and Environment Study (900 participants). As part of the parent study follow-up procedures, participants will be surveyed at periodic intervals for the incidence and recurrence of cardiovascular disease events. The study provides sufficient statistical power for assessing OSA and other SDB as risk factors for major cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke.
A comparative ‘omics approach to candidate pathogenicity factor discovery in the brain-eating amoeba Naegleria fowleri (2020)

Abstract Of the 40 described Naegleria species, only N. fowleri can establish infection in humans, killing almost invariably within two weeks. In the brain, the amoeba performs piece-meal ingestion, or trogocytosis, of brain material causing massive inflammation. Conversely, its close relative Naegleria gruberi , which is used as a laboratory model organism, is non-pathogenic. The exact pathogenicity factors distinguishing N. fowleri from its harmless relatives are unclear. We have here taken an -omics approach to understanding N. fowleri biology and infection at the system level. We provide the first analysis of genomic diversity between strains, finding little conservation in synteny but high conservation in protein complement. We also demonstrate that the N. fowleri genome encodes a similarly complete cellular repertoire to that found in N. gruberi . Our comparative genomic analysis, together with a transcriptomic analysis of low versus high pathogenicity N. fowleri cultured in a mouse infection model, allowed us to construct a model of cellular systems involved in pathogenicity and furthermore provides ~500 novel candidate pathogenicity factors in this currently rare but highly fatal pathogen.
Two-View Camera Housing Parameters Calibration for Multi-layer Flat Refractive Interface (2014)

In this paper, we present a novel refractive calibration method for an underwater stereo camera system where both cameras are looking through multiple parallel flat refractive interfaces. At the heart of our method is an important finding that the thickness of the interface can be estimated from a set of pixel correspondences in the stereo images when the refractive axis is given. To our best knowledge, such a finding has not been studied or reported. Moreover, by exploring the search space for the refractive axis and using reprojection error as a measure, both the refractive axis and the thickness of the interface can be recovered simultaneously. Our method does not require any calibration target such as a checkerboard pattern which may be difficult to manipulate when the cameras are deployed deep undersea. The implementation of our method is simple. In particular, it only requires solving a set of linear equations of the form Ax = b and applies sparse bundle adjustment to refine the initial estimated results. Extensive experiments have been carried out which include simulations with and without outliers to verify the correctness of our method as well as to test its robustness to noise and outliers. The results of real experiments are also provided. The accuracy of our results is comparable to that of a state-of-the-art method that requires known 3D geometry of a scene.
Characterization of crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based membranes with different hydrolysis degrees for their use as electrolytes in direct methanol fuel cells (2011)

Abstract The effect of the degree of hydrolysis of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) substrates on the preparation and properties of crosslinked membranes prepared via esterification with sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) has been studied using attenuated total reflectance—Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Three PVA substrates with degrees of hydrolysis of 89, 96, and 99% were crosslinked using SSA at high temperatures. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that esterification occurred in all the membranes and to some extent, prior to heat treatment. The final morphology of the membranes was dependent on both the SSA concentration and the composition of the PVA substrate. Thermogravimetric analysis showed an increase in the thermal stability of the PVA‐SSA membranes with respect to their PVA substrates arising from the formation of a crosslinked structure. In addition, TGA revealed the presence of free and tightly bound water in the PVA‐SSA membranes. Thermal treatment had a more pronounced effect on the properties of the PVA substrates having higher degrees of hydrolysis. The results from the swelling tests, the ionic exchange capacities (IEC) and the tests in DMFC monocells demonstrated that a balance between water and methanol selectivity and ionic conduction determines the potential of these materials to act as electrolytes in fuel cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Recent Advances in Stochastic Gravity: Theory and Issues (2001)

Whereas semiclassical gravity is based on the semiclassical Einstein equation with sources given by the expectation value of the stress-energy tensor of quantum fields, stochastic semiclassical gravity is based on the Einstein- Langevin equation, which has in addition sources due to the noise kernel. The noise kernel is the expectation value of the stress-energy bi-tensor which describes the fluctuations of quantum matter fields. Here, we first give an axiomatic derivation of the Einstein-Langevin equations and then show how they can also be derived by the original method based on the influence functional. As a first application we solve these equations and compute the two- point correlation functions for the linearized Einstein tensor and for the metric perturbations in a Minkowski background. We then turn to the important issue of the validity of semiclassical gravity by examining the criteria based on the ratio of the variance of fluctuations of the stress-energy tensor of a quantum field to its mean. We show a calculation of these quantities for a massless scalar field in the Minkowski and the Casimir vacua as a function of an intrinsic scale defined by introducing a smeared field or by point separation. Contrary to prior claims, the ratio of variance to mean-squared being of the order unity does not necessarily imply the failure of semiclassical gravity. Next we use the point-separation method to derive a general expression for a regularized noise-kernel for quantum fields in general curved spacetimes. Using these expressions one could investigate a host of important problems in early universe and black hole physics.
Supplementary Figure from The PD-L1/4-1BB Bispecific Antibody–Anticalin Fusion Protein PRS-344/S095012 Elicits Strong T-Cell Stimulation in a Tumor-Localized Manner (2023)

Supplementary Figure from The PD-L1/4-1BB Bispecific Antibody–Anticalin Fusion Protein PRS-344/S095012 Elicits Strong T-Cell Stimulation in a Tumor-Localized Manner
Optical Antenna for Enhanced Infrared Imaging. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
An ANN-Based Data Fusion Algorithm for INS/CNS Integrated Navigation System (2022)

For INS/CNS integrated navigation system, the performance of data fusion algorithms based on the Kalman filter is seriously degraded when the subsystems have discrepant sampling-frequency. Therefore, a fusion algorithm based on locally weighted linear regression (LWLR), long short-term memory (LSTM), and cubature Kalman filter (CKF) is proposed. First, we construct a deeper coupled INS/CNS system model based on the low-frequency error of the star sensor. Then, during the CNS data sampling interval, LWLR is employed to fit the CNS data, and CKF is used to fuse the fitted CNS data with INS data. And the estimated error calculated using CKF is optimized by LSTM. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm suppresses the divergence problem caused by different sampling-frequency and improves the attitude estimation accuracy of the navigation system.
Structural characterization and disinfection assessment of isogenic E.coli biofilms using impedance spectroscopy with microelectrode arrays (2018)

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Graceful Performance Degradation and Improved Error Tolerance via Mixed-Mode Distributed Coherent Radar (2023)

Distributed coherent radar (DCR) is a distributed multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) radar concept, which holds the potential to significantly improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over single aperture and statistical MIMO systems. DCR achieves coherence in one of two modes: Cohere on transmit (COT), which yields an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}^{{3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> improvement in SNR ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of radars) but requires ideal coherence parameter (CP) information before transmission, and cohere on receive (COR), which yields an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> improvement in SNR but can generally estimate CPs adaptively on reception. System concepts generally make a binary choice between COR and COT operation based on the error level. This has led to multiple studies of CP error and its impact on performance of each mode. In this work, a CP error analysis has been extended to include all three principle CPs (delay, phase, and frequency), as well as simultaneous consideration for the number of radars in the constituent system. This novel analysis reveals significant relationships between the number of elements in a system and the resulting error tolerance. A novel DCR operating mode, mixed-mode DCR (MM-DCR), is introduced, which exploits this relationship and achieves <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}^{{2} + \log _{N}({M})}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> SNR gain, where <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of elements used for each subaperture. MM-DCR is shown to yield better performance than COR and COT under a broad set of error conditions, yielding overall system error tolerance improvements. Moreover, as error varies during system operation, MM-DCR facilitates graceful performance degradation by varying the size of the subapertures.
Influence of cell-cell contact on levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. (1987)

We have studied the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase by cell-cell contact in primary cultures of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Preparation of dissociated chromaffin cells from bovine adrenal medullae or the harvesting of cultured cells resulted in a rapid decrease of the specific mRNA(TH) (defined as the amount of mRNA(TH) (where TH represents tyrosine hydroxylase) per microgram of total RNA). The decrease in mRNA(TH) levels appears to be stimulated by the loss of cell contact, as it occurs much more rapidly than would be expected from the turnover rate of mRNA(TH) in cultured cells. Similarly an enhanced rate of tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme degradation was observed in chromaffin cells when brought into low contact cultures. In contrast to the decrease in mRNA(TH) levels, however, the decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme levels was not so rapid and could be prevented in high contact cultures. The mRNA(TH) increased 4-fold in high contact cultures relative to dissociated cells within 1 day after plating. Similarly the rate of synthesis of tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme molecules was maximal after 1 day, although the increase in the absolute amount of tyrosine hydroxylase occurred only slowly. The increase in specific mRNA(TH) by cell contact was inhibited by alpha-amanitin, indicating that cell contact evokes an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase levels by increasing the transcription of mRNA(TH), in addition to inhibiting the degradation of tyrosine hydroxylase molecules.