gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of differentialtt¯production cross sections inpp¯collisions (2014)

The production of top quark-antiquark pair events in $p\overline{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ is studied as a function of the transverse momentum and absolute value of the rapidity of the top quarks as well as of the invariant mass of the $t\overline{t}$ pair. We select events containing an isolated lepton, a large imbalance in transverse momentum, and four or more jets with at least one jet identified as originating from a $b$ quark. The data sample corresponds to $9.7\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded with the D0 detector during Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. Observed differential cross sections are consistent with standard model predictions.
On the Manufacture of Lightweight Alloy Tubes via Friction Stir Back Extrusion: Process Evaluation and Material Performance (2014)

A new manufacturing approach in which the friction stirring phenomenon is used as a vehicle for facilitating the deformation of bulk lightweight materials into manufactured components has been recently introduced under the general concept of “bulk friction stir forming”. In a preliminary work, the concept was applied to the back extrusion process, in what was referred to as “friction stir back extrusion” or FSBE; it was shown that the concept is practically valid and FSBE is capable of producing lightweight tubular specimens. Nevertheless, the FSBE process was claimed to have several merits over conventional processes, mainly: (i) unique process capabilities and energy efficiency (ii) significant grain refinement, and thus (iii) favorable mechanical properties in the formed tubes. None of these claims were adequately addressed nor quantified in earlier work. Therefore, this work presents a comprehensive study that aims to reveal the true merits of FSBE, validate the claims, and quantify its effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the deformed material. The outcomes of the study are presented in three major parts, each addressing one of the abovementioned claims. Force, torque and power measurements during FSBE experiments are used to address the first claim. Detailed optical microscopy and electron back scatter diffraction work is carried out in the second part to quantify the changes to the grain structure and texture of the material. Finally, the third part presents detailed mechanical characterization using digital image correlation to quantify the effects of FSBE on the performance of the produced tubes.
Transformaciones de un ligando NHC coordinado a Osmio (2016)

Resumen del trabajo presentado a la XXVI Reunion Bienal de Quimica Organica, celebrada en Punta Umbria (Huelva) del 14 al 17 de junio de 2016.
ADVANCED NANOSTRUCTURED ANODE MATERIALS FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES (2011)

The more popular active material for negative electrode is usually flake graphite due to its excellent cycle life (up to 1000 cycles). The main disadvantage of graphite is a relatively low specific capacity, because even the theoretical value is QCth = 372 mA.h/g. Si, Sn, Al, hard carbons and some other materials are actively investigated as the alternate materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, they have not received a practical application, since their large theoretical capacity is accompanied by sharp drop of capacity (during the few cycles), high irreversible capacity (up to 50 % and more), nonhorizontal shape of charge–discharge curves. The main reason of sharp capacity degradation is considerable (in 2-4 times) volume changes of these materials during intercalation- deintercalation of lithium ions. We have formulated some theoretical principles and developed the experimental composite nanostructured anode materials for lithium-ion batteries with high level of specific capacity (up to 600 mA.h/g), quite stable cyclization, minimal irreversible capacity (ca 8 %), horizontal shape of charge–discharge curves. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20598
The activation of supraspinal GPR40/FFA1 receptor signalling regulates the descending pain control system (2014)

Activation of the FFA1 receptor signalling pathway may play an important role in the regulation of the descending pain control system.
Hepatitis-associated antigen in sporadic cases of acute viral hepatitis. (1972)

Serum specimens collected during the period from September 1970 to April 1971 from hospitalized patients and apparently healthy staff members at risk were tested for the presence of hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) by the parallel use of three techniques: the complement fixation test, crossover-electrophoresis and immuno-electronmicroscopy.Out of a total of 204 persons investigated 63 (30.9%) were found to harbour the antigen. The HAA-positive sera originated almost exclusively from sporadic cases of acute viral hepatitis (clinically diagnosed as "infectious hepatitis" or "serum hepatitis"). The great majority of the hepatitis cases studied had a history of drug addiction.
Analysis of cis-acting requirements of the Rh3 and Rh4 genes reveals a bipartite organization to rhodopsin promoters in Drosophila melanogaster. (1990)

The rhodopsin genes of Drosophila melanogaster are expressed in nonoverlapping subsets of photoreceptor cells within the insect visual system. Two of these genes, Rh3 and Rh4, are known to display complementary expression patterns in the UV-sensitive R7 photoreceptor cell population of the compound eye. In addition, we find that Rh3 is expressed in a small group of paired R7 and R8 photoreceptor cells at the dorsal eye margin that are apparently specialized for the detection of polarized light. In this paper we present a detailed characterization of the cis-acting requirements of both Rh3 and Rh4. Promoter deletion series demonstrate that small regulatory regions (less than 300 bp) of both R7 opsin genes contain DNA sequences sufficient to generate their respective expression patterns. Individual cis-acting elements were further identified by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis guided by interspecific sequence comparisons. Our results suggest that the Drosophila rhodopsin genes share a simple bipartite promoter structure, whereby the proximal region constitutes a functionally equivalent promoter "core" and the distal region determines cell-type specificity. The expression patterns of several hybrid rhodopsin promoters, in which all or part of the putative core regions have been replaced with the analogous regions of different rhodopsin promoters, provide additional evidence in support of this model.
Free Radical Intermediates in the Reduction of Quinoxaline N-Oxide Antitumor Drugs:  Redox and Prototropic Reactions (1996)

The free radical intermediates formed on one-electron reduction of imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline N-oxides RB91724 (I), RB90740 (II), and RB93918 (III) were investigated by pulse radiolysis. Reaction with radiolytically-generated CO2•- radical anions produced the N-oxide radicals. The radicals decayed by second-order kinetics, but the lifetimes of the radicals of I increased with increasing pH, whereas the lifetimes of the radicals of II and III were not significantly affected by pH (pH 4−11). The pKa values of the protonated radicals were measured as 7.4, 6.2, and 5.5 for I, II, and III, respectively. The radicals reacted with oxygen, with rate constants of 1.6, 3.2, and 1.8 × 108 dm3 mol-1 s-1 for I, II, and III, respectively, at pH 7.4. From redox equilibria with viologens and 1-methylnicotinamide, the one-electron reduction potential of I was estimated to be −0.70 V, and those for II and III were estimated as ∼−0.80 V vs NHE, i.e., much lower than the corresponding value for the benzotriazine dioxide tirapazamine (−0.45 V). Radicals were also generated by reduction with deoxyribose radicals. Steady-state γ-radiolysis and product analysis indicated a chain mechanism for the reduction of the drugs.
Plant Embryogenesis (1997)

Abstract The subject of this review is the development of the plant embryo. Plant embryo-genesis is a unique process in the sense that it can be started not only from the fertilized egg but can also be initiated from other cells of the reproductive apparatus and even from somatic cells. One of the challenges of this field is therefore to unravel the molecular mechanisms that lead to the formation of a cell destined to form an embryo. A second important area of research is to determine the molecular basis of pattern formation in the embryo, a process that results in a stereotyped organization of a seedling. On the one hand, the pattern formation process has to establish precisely arranged tissue organization, but on the other hand sufficient flexibility during plant development has to be maintained to allow continuous formation of new organs from meristems. In this review we summarize recent work that employs a variety of experimental systems that range from genetic dissection of pattern formation in the zygotic embryo, androgenesis and in vitro fertilization to somatic embryogenesis. While each of these systems highlights a different aspect of embryogenesis, they can be mutually beneficial in helping to understand the making of the plant embryo.
Left handed coplanar waveguide band pass filters based on bi-layer split ring resonators (2004)

A new type of compact band pass filters based on planar structures with three metal levels is proposed. The central layer consists on a coplanar waveguide (CPW) with periodic wire connections between the central strip and ground planes. In the upper and lower metal levels, split ring resonators (SRRs) are etched and aligned with the slots. The wires make the structure to behave as a microwave plasma, with a negative effective permittivity covering a wide frequency range. SRRs, which are magnetically coupled to the CPW, provide a negative magnetic permeability in a narrow frequency range above their resonant frequency. The result is a band pass structure which supports wave propagation in a frequency interval where negative permittivity and permeability coexist. The bandwidth of the structure can be controlled by tuning the resonant frequency of the upper and lower SRRs and the distance between SRRs. Fabricated prototype devices exhibit very low insertion losses in the pass band (<1.5 dB) and high frequency selectivity.
Sci‐Fri PM Imaging‐07: The feasibility of using FBP to reconstruct electron densities from attenuation corrected scatter sinograms (2006)

Breast CT is an emerging modality which aims to generate high quality 3D images. At these energies a large number of the incident x‐ray photons are scattered, resulting in a reduced contrast to noise ratio. As the reduction of dose and the detection of blurred calcifications and other poorly visible lesions are diagnostically important, we have developed an approach which uses both the primary and scattered photons to obtain low‐dose conventional CT and electron density (ρ e ) images. In the absence of attenuation and for a spherical detector, electron densities can be reconstructed using a mono‐energetic pencil beam and conventional Filtered Back Projection (FBP). In place of a spherical detector we have simulated a more practical detector ring with an angular width of 5 degrees and capable of measuring both scattered and primary photons. In practice, attenuation cannot be neglected and Attenuation Correction Factors (ACF) were calculated for each detector using an initial estimate of the electron density based on reconstructed linear attenuation coefficients. The corrected measurements were summed at each rotation and translation of the x‐ray beam to yield a scatter sinogram. This sinogram was processed using FBP to yield an image which provides, in an iterative manner, a new estimate of the electron density. This approach has shown that we are capable of reconstructing electron densities in simple geometries with errors ranging from 2 to 4%. Polyenergetic beam hardening and multiple scattering corrections are being investigated, for future incorporation into the algorithm.
O3‐05‐02: Genome wide analyses of runs of homozygosity among african americans revealed further evidence of recessive inheritance for Alzheimer's disease (2015)

Previous investigations of outbred North American and European populations did not detect any genome-wide association between runs of homozygosity (ROH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In contrast, global burden measurements of ROH (i.e. average ROH length) were found associated with AD among an inbred population of Caribbean Hispanics. We investigated the genome-wide ROH measurements among an outbred population of African Americans using SNP data from the ADGC-CHOP dataset, the combined dataset of CHAP and Indianapolis, as well as imputed data from 10 different ADGC datasets. The African American datasets that we used, their genotyping arrays and the imputation process have been discussed in a previously published SNP-based GWAS conducted by the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC). Following the quality control steps, 2,498,646 imputed variants were remained for the ROH analyses with a total genotyping rate >99% among 5775 individuals (1917 cases and 3858 controls). ROH analysis of SNP data from the ADGC-CHOP dataset revealed a higher proportion of cases with ROHs >2Mb (P=0.004) or ROHs >3Mb (P=0.023) compared to controls. We also observed consensus genomic regions that were significantly associated with AD among the ADGC-CHOP dataset (Chr4:152172448-152286356/hg18) (EMP1=0.0008; EMP2=0.0438) as well as the combined dataset of CHAP and Indianapolis (Chr15:72032728-72235049/hg18) (EMP1=0.0002; EMP2=0.023), which also revealed several genes on Chr3p21 that were intersected by ROHs >3Mb significantly more frequently in cases vs. controls. Global burden analyses of imputed data also revealed significant association between AD and rate of ROHs >1Mb (P=0.023), average size of ROHs >2Mb (P=0.029), as well as proportion of ROHs >3Mb (P=0.006). Our results provide the first evidence of recessive AD inheritance among an outbred population of African Americans. Significant ROH loci could either harbor rare genetic variations responsible for AD or function as a risk-haplotype predisposing carriers to the disease. Our study identifies cases with a higher probability of having rare recessive mutations among ROHs. Such individuals have to be prioritized for the investigation by targeted sequencing of significant ROH loci to search for damaging homozygous AD variants or risk-haplotypes.
[Ag59(2,5-DCBT)32]3−: a new cluster and a precursor for three well-known clusters (2017)

We report the synthesis of a new silver cluster, [Ag<sub>59</sub>(2,5-DCBT)<sub>32</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> (I) (2,5-DCBT: 2,5-dichlorobenzenethiol), which acts as a precursor for the synthesis of three well-known silver clusters, [Ag<sub>44</sub>(2,4-DCBT/4-FTP)<sub>30</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> (II) (4-FTP: 4-fluorothiophenol and 2,4-DCBT: 2,4-dichlorobenzenethiol), [Ag<sub>25</sub>(2,4-DMBT)<sub>18</sub>]<sup>-</sup> (III) (2,4-DMBT: 2,4-dimethylbenzenethiol) and [Ag<sub>29</sub>(1,3-BDT)<sub>12</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> (IV) (1,3-BDT: 1,3-benzenedithiol and PPh<sub>3</sub>: triphenylphosphine). This newly synthesized silver cluster, I, is characterized using UV-vis absorption studies, high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) and other analytical tools. The optical absorption spectrum shows distinct features which are completely different from the previously reported silver clusters. We perform the rapid transformations of I to other well-known clusters II, III and IV by reaction with different thiols. The time-dependent UV-vis and ESI MS measurements reveal that I dissociates into distinct thiolate entities in the presence of thiols and the thiolates recombine to produce different clusters. The conversion mechanism is found to be quite different from the previous reports where it occurs through the initial formation of ligand exchanged products. Here, we also show the synthesis of a different cluster core, [Ag<sub>44</sub>(2,4-DCBT)<sub>30</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> (IIa) using 2,4-DCBT, a structural isomer of 2,5-DCBT under the same synthetic conditions used for I. This observation demonstrates the effect of isomeric thiols on controlling the size of silver clusters. The conversion of one cluster to several other clusters under ambient conditions and the effect of ligand structure in silver cluster synthesis give new insights into the cluster chemistry.
Magnetization and magnetic anisotropy energy of ultrathin Fe films on GaAs(001) exposed to oxygen (2006)

The remanent magnetization and the magnetic anisotropy energy of 5–16 monolayer (ML) epitaxial Fe films grown on GaAs(001) were quantitatively monitored in situ by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance as a function of oxygen exposure at 300 K. We find that at an oxygen dose of 10 L the perpendicular uniaxial anisotropy decreases by almost 50%, whereas the magnetization is decreased by 8% only in the case of a 5 ML Fe film. The fourfold anisotropy constant K4 and in-plane uniaxial anisotropy constant , however, remain unchanged. Low-energy electron diffraction spots of the Fe surface disappear after 6 L of oxygen, indicating a disordered Fe oxide growth. For exposures below 70 L we observe a reduction of the remanent magnetization irrespective of the film thickness. At exposures >70 L we find a faster decrease of the remanent magnetization for the thinner films which is attributed to the finite size effect and a thickness dependent surface roughness of the iron films, respectively. As evidenced by Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction, the iron oxide is found to be FeO in the first stage of oxidation, transforming into γ-Fe2O3 at higher dosages (>1000 L).
Multimodal multidimensional imaging for visual system status assessment (2010)

Non-invasive optical methods that enable in vivo or in situ visualization of tissue components are of particular relevance in ophthalmology, as they can provide key information about the relationship between the structure and function of the visual system. In this paper we present a semiautomated multimodal imaging tool for co-registration of images of retinal structure and its function, based on point correspondence. Decision support analysis was applied to define significant features for the multimodal mapping system, using a set of 1500 subjects who were affected by blindness associated hereditary retinal dystrophies. Additionally, the developed software was tested by two experienced observers using data from 25 subjects. Inter-observer and intra-observer reliability was determined. We conclude that semi-automated multimodal mapping could be a promising new tool for an individualized visual system status assessment that can be applied for the early diagnosis of blindness associated diseases. Moreover, this mapping approach should prove particularly appropriate for studying pathophysiology in inherited blindness associated diseases.
Manufacturing and assembly automation by integrated metrology systems for aircraft wing fabrication (2009)

Discrepancies of materials, tools, and factory environments, as well as human intervention, make variation an integral part of the manufacturing process of any component. In particular, the assembly of large volume, aerospace parts is an area where significant levels of form and dimensional variation are encountered. Corrective actions can usually be taken to reduce the defects, when the sources and levels of variation are known. For the unknown dimensional and form variations, a tolerancing strategy is typically put in place in order to minimize the effects of production inconsistencies related to geometric dimensions. This generates a challenging problem for the automation of the corresponding manufacturing and assembly processes. Metrology is becoming a major contributor to being able to predict, in real time, the automated assembly problems related to the dimensional variation of parts and assemblies. This is done by continuously measuring dimensions and coordinate points, focusing on the product's key characteristics. In this paper, a number of metrology focused activities for large-volume aerospace products, including their implementation and application in the automation of manufacturing and assembly processes, are reviewed. This is done by using a case study approach within the assembly of large-volume aircraft wing structures.
Production of quartz plates for CMS-CASTOR experiment (2008)

Light transmission rate performance of $102$ irradiated quartz samples was measured to select the best quartz plates for CMS-CASTOR calorimeter. All the produced quartz plates were originally used in a previous CERN experiment, DELPHI. Three different doses of $^{60}$Co source were used with the collaboration of PSI (Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.) to study the transmission rate performance of the quartz samples after irradiation for different incident light, ranging from $250$ to $700$ nm in $5$ nm increasing steps. All samples show different decrease in the rate with wavelength for different doses. Three different steps were followed before irradiation to find out the best way of cleaning the original DELPHI Cu/Cr tracks on the samples. Results of these measurements presented here correspond to the quartz plates that will be used in one hadronic sector of CASTOR calorimeter until end of 2008. For the full calorimeter new quartz plates will be installed. We also present the light transmission rate of new quartz samples (fused silica) for $10$, $50$ and $100$ MRad dose levels. This activity was performed at CERN during the period from February to May of $2008$.
L’estructuració interna del consum. La lògica del consum com a lògica de comunicació (1995)

L’article analitza el consum com una pràctica de comunicació en la qual les mercaderies perden llur valor d’ús, i en què el valor signe dóna identitat al bé. A través de l’anàlisi de correspondències s’estudia l’estructuració de les dades de consum, el seu vincle i el missatge de què són portadores.
Theory and Design of Low-Insertion Loss Fin-Line Filters (1982)

A design theory is described for low-insertion loss fin-line filters that includes both higher order mode propagation and finite thickness of the dielectric substrate and the metallic fins. Design data for three-resonator type fin-line filters with several substrate thicknesses are given for midband frequencies of about 15, 34, and 66 GHz. The measured insertion losses in the passband are 0.25, 0.5, and 1.3 dB, respectively, for these three frequencies.
Energy–momentum tensor symmetries and concomitant conservation laws. I. Einstein-massless-scalar (meson) field (1978)

Symmetries of energy–momentum tensors 𝒯 in a Riemannian space–time are defined by infinitesimal mappings x̄i =xi+ξi(x) δa where the mapping vector ξi is determined by the symmetry condition ℒξ(gw/2𝒯) =0, (gw/2𝒯) is a relative tensor of weight w, g≡ absolute value of the metrical determinant, and ℒξ is the Lie derivative with respect to the vector ξi). The existence of such symmetry vectors ξi leads to concomitant conservation laws in the form of conserved vector currents Ji for both special and general relativity. The currents Ji will be explicit functions of the energy momentum tensor 𝒯 and the symmetry vector ξi. The symmetries and conservation laws so obtained will in general differ from the familiar Trautman formulation. The theory is applied to obtain symmetries and conserved currents for a class of conformally flat solutions of the Einstein-massless-scalar (meson) field equations.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypochlorite‐Promoted Transformations of Trichothecenes. Verrucarol. (1986)

Abstract Hypochlorite‐Promoted Transformations of Trichothecenes.