gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
POLLEN TUBE GROWTH AND SEED SET IN SELF‐INCOMPATIBLE AND SELF‐COMPATIBLE LEAVENWORTHIA (CRUCIFERAE) POPULATIONS (1968)

S ummary Four geographic races of Leavenworthia crassa and one race of L. alabamica are described as self‐incompatible, since the average frequencies of fruit set and of pollen tube growth into the style are significantly lower after self‐pollination than after cross‐pollination. The frequency of successful self‐pollination in individual plants of these races varies from zero to 100%, and is positively correlated with the average number of seeds in self‐pollinated siliquas. Eleven races of L. crassa and three races of L. alabaimca are adapted to self‐pollination and are described as self‐compatible, although self‐pollinations succeed 2% less frequently than cross‐pollinations. Self‐pollinated siliquas of these races contain an average of 12% fewer seeds than cross‐pollinated siliquas; this is probably an expression of cryptic self‐incompatibility and not the result of the exposure of seed lethals on inbreeding. There is, therefore, no absolute distinction between self‐incompatibility and self‐compatibility in Leavemcorthia . The growth of pollen tubes is compared in successful and unsuccessful pollinations of the same type, in self‐ and cross‐pollinations of the same individuals, and in self‐incompatible and self‐compatible races. Pollen grains react with the stigma even in unsuccessful pollinations and some pollen grains are inhibited in successful pollinations. In both self‐incompatible and self‐compatible races, the average number of emptied pollen grains on the stigmata of successful pollinations (an estimate of the number of pollen tubes in the styles) is similar after self‐ and cross‐pollinations. But the average number of emptied pollen grains is lower in self‐incompatible races than in self‐compatible races. The results are interpreted in terms of the response of pollen grains to an essential growth substance supplied by the stigma.
Letter to the Editor Response to: Comment on ‘‘Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio: Novel Markers for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Patients with Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss’’ (2015)

(1) TheWBC counts could reflect an acute inflammation [1]. We excluded patients not only by WBC counts. We excluded the patients with fever, physical exam, and medical history (because the WBC count was performed at the initial visit, we could discriminate acute inflammations with physical exams). We excluded patients over 11000/u (because 10000 is upper limit in our hospital, but 10% error could be possible) [2]. So we add 1000/u to the normal value. We think it could be acceptable universally. And the findings of the increasing in theWBC and neutrophil are important findings, though they had no evidence of acute inflammations. The author misunderstood the subject of this study.
Plasma urea kinetics in urea infusion (1972)

Seven patients undergoing an infusion of 30 per cent urea‐10 per cent invert sugar solution (Urevert) for treatment of cerebral edema were studied with regard to plasma urea kinetics. The 2 compartment (extracellular and intracellular fluid spaces) model has been applied to analysis of the plasma levels. On the average, the human data could be simulated with our standard canine correlation: 2 compartment urea transport coefficient K, (liters per hour)= 0.735 weight (kilograms)± 14 per cent.
Slower rates of accumulation of DNA damage in leukocytes correlate with longer lifespans across several species of birds and mammals (2019)

Although there is previous evidence showing an increase in various types of DNA damage with aging in mice and humans, a comparative study determining accumulation rates of DNA double strand breaks, as determined by presence of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX), in leukocytes of individuals of different ages from phylogenetically distinct species from birds to mammals was lacking. Here, we demonstrate that the rate of accumulation of DNA damage as measured by the DNA damage marker γH2AX correlates with species longevity in dolphins, goats, reindeer, American flamingos, and griffon vultures. In particular, we find that species that show slower rates of accumulation of the DNA damage marker γH2AX also live longer.
2-(2-Chlorophenyl)acetic acid (2012)

In the title compound, C(8)H(7)ClO(2), the carboxyl group forms a dihedral angle of 74.83 (9)° with the benzene ring plane. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into inversion dimers by pairs of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The dimers are linked into layers parallel to the bc plane by weak C-H⋯O inter-actions.
In vitro comparison of wear characteristics of PyroCarbon and metal on bone: Shoulder hemiarthroplasty (2018)

Results demonstrate significantly less damage to bone in simulated shoulder function testing for PyroCarbon hemiarthroplasty implants relative to conventional cobalt chromium implants. Our study supports use of PyroCarbon in humeral head hemiarthroplasty as a viable alternative to conventional metal hemiarthroplasty. Further investigation of PyroCarbon performance in clinical settings is warranted.
Difficulties of Elderly and Motor Impaired People When Getting In and Out of a Car (2007)

The objective of this study was to analyze the difficulties of elderly people and people with prostheses when getting in and out of a vehicle. This study is a first step in the analysis of the data from the HANDIMAN project, a French government funded research aimed at improving the mobility of elderly and motor impaired people. Forty subjects aged between 19 to 82 years participated in the experiment. Fourteen of them had hip or/ and knee prosthesis. Car ingress and egress motions were captured for four different types of car. Subjects were asked to answer a questionnaire that aimed at quantifying and locating the discomfort felt during ingress and egress movements. Most of the subjects (30 over 40) considered that car accessibility is an important factor in their car choice. The small car was rated the worst in general, while the commercial car was preferred by most subjects. Stature had a high influence on the discomfort. The subjects were very heterogeneous in term of impairment. A big discrepancy of the difficulties felt in the ingress/egress movements was observed. Some elderly male subjects had back stiffness, thus it was difficult for them to bend under the door frame, requiring greater hip and knee flexion. To further understand the difficulties felt by the subjects, motions and strategies should be analyzed taking into account subject’s physical conditions.
Order of magnitude improvement of nano-contact spin torque nano-oscillator performance (2017)

Spin torque nano-oscillators (STNO) represent a unique class of nano-scale microwave signal generators and offer a combination of intriguing properties, such as nano sized footprint, ultrafast modulation rates, and highly tunable microwave frequencies from 100 MHz to close to 100 GHz. However, their low output power and relatively high threshold current still limit their applicability and must be improved. In this study, we investigate the influence of the bottom Cu electrode thickness (t<sub>Cu</sub>) in nano-contact STNOs based on Co/Cu/NiFe GMR stacks and with nano-contact diameters ranging from 60 to 500 nm. Increasing t<sub>Cu</sub> from 10 to 70 nm results in a 40% reduction of the threshold current, an order of magnitude higher microwave output power, and close to two orders of magnitude better power conversion efficiency. Numerical simulations of the current distribution suggest that these dramatic improvements originate from a strongly reduced lateral current spread in the magneto-dynamically active region.
The detrimental impact of negative Celsius temperature on ultra-low-voltage CMOS logic (2010)

Ultra-low-voltage operation efficiently reduces energy consumption of digital circuits. However, subthreshold MOSFET behavior completely modifies the impact of process, voltage and temperature variations. This paper demonstrates that negative Celsius temperatures are highly detrimental to ultra-low-voltage logic, even more than process variations. We experimentally confirm in 65nm CMOS that -40°C operation dramatically increases the delay by 5.3× at 0.4V. Moreover, we report for the first time that negative temperature almost doubles delay sensitivity against voltage and process variations at ultra-low voltage. This worsens cycle time margins and induces dangerous timing uncertainties. Negative temperature is thus a major concern for ultra-low-voltage circuits.
K-Band Planar Magic-T Using LTCC Technology (2017)

This letter presents the design of magic-T using low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology by microstrip-slotline transitions and aperture-coupled structures. The magic-T is designed to work at the center frequency of 21 GHz with the bandwidth of 8 GHz. The size of the circuit is only 6 mm × 6 mm due to LTCC multilayer structures. Measured data and numerical simulations show good amplitude and phase characteristics, and high isolation is also achieved.
Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Inhibitor, IK-175, and Its Inhibitory Activity on Tumor Immune Suppression (2022)

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a transcription factor that regulates the activity of multiple innate and adaptive immune cells subsequent to binding to numerous endogenous and exogenous ligands. For example, AHR is activated by the metabolite kynurenine, which is secreted into the tumor microenvironment by cancer cells leading to broad immunosuppression. Therefore, AHR inhibition provides a novel and ideal approach to stimulate immune-mediated recognition and subsequent eradication of tumor cells. We report here the discovery and characterization of IK-175, a novel, potent and selective AHR antagonist with favorable ADME and pharmacokinetic profiles in preclinical species. IK-175 inhibits AHR activity in experimental systems derived from multiple species including mouse, rat, monkey, and humans. In human primary immune cells, IK-175 decreased AHR target gene expression and anti-inflammatory cytokine release and increased proinflammatory cytokine release. Moreover, IK-175 led to a decrease in suppressive IL17A-, IL-22+ expressing T cells in a Th17 differentiation assay. IK-175 dose dependently blocks ligand-stimulated AHR activation of Cyp1a1 transcription in mouse liver and spleen, demonstrating on-target in vivo activity. IK-175 increases proinflammatory phenotype of the tumor microenvironment in mouse syngeneic tumors and in adjacent tumor-draining lymph nodes. As a monotherapy and combined with an anti-PD-1 antibody, IK-175 demonstrates antitumor activity in syngeneic mouse models of colorectal cancer and melanoma. IK-175 also demonstrates antitumor activity combined with liposomal doxorubicin in syngeneic mouse tumors. These studies provide rationale for targeting AHR in patients with cancer. IK-175 is being evaluated in a phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Low Dark Count Single-Photon Avalanche Diode Structure Compatible With Standard Nanometer Scale CMOS Technology (2009)

A single-photon avalanche diode structure implemented in a 130-nm imaging process is reported. The device employs a p-well anode, rather than the commonly adopted p+, and a novel guard ring compatible with recent scaling trends in standard nanometer scale complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technologies. The 50-mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area device exhibits a dark count rate of 25 Hz at 20 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">deg</sup> C and a photon detection efficiency peak of 28% at 500 nm.
How Can We Make Pump and Treat Systems More Energetically Sustainable? (2019)

Pump and treat (P&amp;T) systems are still widely employed for the hydraulic containment of contaminated groundwater despite the fact that their usage is decreasing due to their high operational costs. A way to partially mitigate such costs, both in monetary and environmental terms, is to perform heat exchange (directly or with a heat pump) on the groundwater extracted by these systems, thus providing low-carbon and low-cost heating and/or cooling to buildings or industrial processes. This opportunity should be carefully evaluated in view of preserving (or even improving) the removal efficiency of the remediation process. Therefore, the heat exchange should be placed upstream or downstream of all treatments, or in an intermediate position, depending on the effect of water temperature change on the removal efficiency of each treatment step. This article provides an overview of such effects and is meant to serve as a starting reference for a case-by-case evaluation. Finally, the potentiality of geothermal use of P&amp;T systems is assessed in the Italian contaminated Sites of National Interest (SIN), i.e., the 41 priority contaminated sites in Italy. At least 29 of these sites use pumping wells as hydraulic barriers or P&amp;T systems. The total discharge rate treated by these plants exceeds 7000 m3/h and can potentially provide about 33 MW of heating and/or cooling power.
3D trajectory synthesis and control for a legged swimming robot (2014)

Inspection and exploration of complex underwater structures requires the development of agile and easy to program platforms. In this paper, we describe a system that enables the deployment of an autonomous underwater vehicle in 3D environments proximal to the ocean bottom. Unlike many previous approaches, our solution: uses oscillating hydrofoil propulsion; allows for stable control of the robot's motion and sensor directions; allows human operators to specify detailed trajectories in a natural fashion; and has been successfully demonstrated as a holistic system in the open ocean near both coral reefs and a sunken cargo ship. A key component of our system is the 3D control of a hexapod swimming robot, which can move the vehicle through agile sequences of orientations despite challenging marine conditions. We present two methods to easily generate robot trajectories appropriate for deployments in close proximity to challenging contours of the sea floor. Both offline recording of trajectories using augmented reality and online placement of fiducial tags in the marine environment are shown to have desirable properties, with complementary strengths and weaknesses. Finally, qualitative and quantitative results of the 3D control system are presented.
A System to Find Genetic Networks Using Weighted Network Model. (1999)

We are developing a system which finds a genetic network from data obtained by multiple gene disruptions and overexpressions. We deal with a genetic network as a weighted graph, where each weight represents the strength of activation from a gene to another gene. In this paper, we explain the overview of our system, and our strategy to visualize the weighted network. We also study the computational complexity related to the visualization.
Comparison of the Finite Volume and Discontinuous Galerkin schemes for the Double Vortex Pairing Problem using the SU2 Software Suite (2018)

A numerical investigation of finite volume (FV) and discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element methods in the framework of the SU2 software is presented. The accuracy of different numerical variants is assessed with reference to the low Mach double vortex pairing flow problem, which has recently been proposed as a benchmark for studying the properties of structured and unstructured grid based methods with respect to turbulent-like vortices. The present study reveals that low-Mach corrections significantly improve the accuracy of second- and third-order, unstructured grid based schemes, at flow speeds in the incompressible limit. Furthermore, the 3 rd -order DG method produces results similar to 11 th -order accurate FV volume schemes.
Effect of Fermentation Time on the Production of Ambon Banana Weevil Waste Bioethanol (2023)

The increase in population in Indonesia is directly proportional to the increase in the use of vehicles which results in an increase in fuel demand. The amount of fossil fuels continues to decrease and cannot be renewed, so alternative energy is needed, one of which is bioethanol. This study aims to make bioethanol from banana weevil waste, to determine the effect of fermentation time on the concentration of banana weevil bioethanol and to determine the concentration of bioethanol after going through the purification stage. The production of banana weevil bioethanol begins with the process of cutting the banana weevil which is then mashed with the help of water and then squeezed and starch is obtained and then hydrolyzed with the addition of glucoamylase and alpha-amylase enzymes for further anaerobic fermentation with the help of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a concentration of 25%. In this study, variations of fermentation time were carried out for 5, 7, 9, and 10 days. The best fermentation time was obtained from 9 days of fermentation, where the conversion of glucose to bioethanol was 51%. The results of the analysis using a refractometer showed that the concentration of bioethanol obtained was 16.20% (v) which was obtained from fermentation for 9 days and purification using a rotary evaporator at a pressure of 360 mbar and a temperature of 500C.
Genetic variants predisposing to cardiovascular disease (2006)

During the last year, tremendous effort has been made in elucidating new genes associated with cardiovascular disease predisposition. For the most part, however, major breakthroughs have not been made, primarily due to the poor replication of results among studies, as a consequence of poor experimental design. Nevertheless, we have increased our understanding of the complexity of cardiovascular disease and the relevance of gene-environment interactions as the ultimate drivers of the individual predisposition to the disease. It is essential, therefore, that present and future genetic studies in this area take into consideration the inclusion of high-quality environmental data in the analytical process to test the clinical usefulness of a genetic marker as a risk predictor.
Tendinopathy alters mechanical and material properties of the Achilles tendon (2009)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo material and mechanical properties of the human Achilles tendon in the presence of tendinopathy. Real-time ultrasound imaging and dynamometry were used to assess Achilles tendon stiffness, Young's modulus, stress, strain, and cross-sectional area (CSA) in 12 individuals with Achilles tendinopathy and 12 age- and gender-matched controls. The results of this study suggest that tendinopathy weakens the mechanical and material properties of the tendon. Tendinopathic tendons had greater CSA, lower tendon stiffness, and lower Young's modulus. These alterations in mechanical characteristics may put the Achilles tendon at a higher risk to sustain further injury and prolong the time to recovery. Results from this study may be used to design treatment strategies that specifically target these deficits, leading to faster and permanent recovery from tendinopathy.
Neuroprotective effects of the securinine-analogues: identification of Allomargaritarine as a lead compound (2016)

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial disturbances are the common and important causative factors of aging, and play an important role in the late onset of sporadic neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD). Furthermore, emerging evidence from in vitro and in vivo disease models suggests that oxidative stress and increased vulnerability to induction of mitochondrial permeability transition leads to the pathogenesis of the neurological disorders. Towards the goals of developing effective neuroprotectors, this article describes the synthesis and neuroprotective studies of various derivatives of the naturally occurring alkaloid securinine, based on which a lead compound, allomargaritarine (a diastereomer of margaritarine), was identified as an effective therapeutic for neuroprotection. Allomargaritarine exhibits high antioxidant activity, and has significant mitoprotective effect on cellular models of neurodegeneration.
Responding under a fixed interval schedule of intravenous ethanol presentation in the rat. (1982)

Specific behavioural procedures have been developed which lead animals to give themselves electric shock. The present study investigated the possibility that the same set of procedures would lead to intravenous (i.v.) ethanol self-administration. Three rats were trained to press a bar under a concurrent schedule which delivered food pellets on a variable interval (VI) 60 sec or 120 sec schedule and ethanol infusions on a fixed interval (FI) 600 sec schedule. A fourth animal was trained under the same concurrent schedule with vehicle rather than ethanol infusions. When the food schedule was subsequently omitted (extinction) and only ethanol was presented for responding, bar pressing rapidly extinguished. In one animal tested with a very high dose of ethanol, drug-elicited bar pressing indicative of an aversive reaction to the drug was observed. Although similar procedures are sufficient to engender response-produced shock presentation they were not successful in fostering i.v. ethanol self-administration and by implication, in establishing ethanol as a positive reinforcer.
Recent Advances in Molecular Pharmacology of the Histamine Systems: Organic Cation Transporters as a Histamine Transporter and Histamine Metabolism (2006)

Histamine is inactivated by the histamine-metabolizing enzyme histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) in bronchus, kidney, and the central nervous system. HNMT seems to be localized in the cytoplasm, but histamine is unable to easily enter the intracellular space. Therefore, two hypotheses can be elicited: one is the plasma membrane hypothesis that HNMT can be translocated to the plasma membrane and function at the cell surface under growth factor stimulation and the other is the transporter hypothesis that organic cation transporter (OCT)-2 and -3 can function as a histamine transporter as well. To investigate the involvement of OCT2, HEK293 cells stably double transfected with C-terminal hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged HNMT cDNA and/or C-terminal myc-tagged rat OCT2 were prepared for analysis of HNMT activity associated with OCT2 function. After 60-min incubation of these cells with PBS including HA (100 microM), N(tau)-methylhistamine (MHA) concentration of the supernatants was determined by the HPLC-fluorometry method. MHA from cells with HNMT plus OCT-2 was produced at about 3-fold higher level than that from cells with HNMT alone, suggesting that OCT-2 could function as a histamine transporter as well and that HNMT function could partly depend on OCT-2 transporter activity. Using OCT-3 knockout (OCT-3-/-) mice, histamine content and survival rates were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia model. Without LPS stimulation, histamine content was compared between OCT-3-/- and wild mice. Histamine content in the spleen of OCT-3-/- mice was higher than that f wild mice. With LPS stimulation, the survival rate of OCT-3-/- mice was significantly decreased 12 h after LPS (20 mg/kg) stimulation, suggesting that before immunological stimulation, a higher content of histamine in spleen could stimulate histamine receptors in mast cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, as well as T lymphocytes and explaining the decreased survival rate in OCT-3-/- mice possibly due to the functional changes of immunological cells.