gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionic Liquid–Organic Carbonate Electrolyte Blends To Stabilize Silicon Electrodes for Extending Lithium Ion Battery Operability to 100 °C (2016)

Fabrication of lithium-ion batteries that operate from room temperature to elevated temperatures entails development and subsequent identification of electrolytes and electrodes. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) can address the thermal stability issues, but their poor ionic conductivity at room temperature and compatibility with traditional graphite anodes limit their practical application. To address these challenges, we evaluated novel high energy density three-dimensional nano-silicon electrodes paired with 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Pip) ionic liquid/propylene carbonate (PC)/LiTFSI electrolytes. We observed that addition of PC had no detrimental effects on the thermal stability and flammability of the reported electrolytes, while largely improving the transport properties at lower temperatures. Detailed investigation of the electrochemical properties of silicon half-cells as a function of PC content, temperature, and current rates reveal that capacity increases with PC content and temperature and decreases with increased current rates. For example, addition of 20% PC led to a drastic improvement in capacity as observed for the Si electrodes at 25 °C, with stability over 100 charge/discharge cycles. At 100 °C, the capacity further increases by 3-4 times to 0.52 mA h cm(-2) (2230 mA h g(-1)) with minimal loss during cycling.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Seasonal Variation in an Adult South Florida Population (2005)

Hypovitaminosis D is associated with impaired neuromuscular function, bone loss, and fractures. If a person is not taking a vitamin supplement, sun exposure is often the greatest source of vitamin D. Thus, vitamin D deficiency is not uncommon in the winter, particularly in northern latitudes. Our goal was to establish the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in south Florida (U.S.), a region of year-round sunny weather. At the end of the winter, 212 men and women attending an internal medicine clinic at a local county hospital were enrolled for measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and PTH; 99 participants returned at the end of summer. The mean (+/-sd) winter 25(OH)D concentration was 24.9 +/- 8.7 ng/ml (62.3 +/- 21.8 nmol/liter) in men and 22.4 +/- 8.2 ng/ml (56.0 +/- 20.5 nmol/liter) in women. In winter, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, defined as 25(OH)D less than 20 ng/ml (50 nmol/liter), was 38% and 40% in men and women, respectively. In the 99 subjects who returned for the end of summer visit, the mean 25(OH)D concentration was 31.0 +/- 11.0 ng/ml (77.5 +/- 27.5 nmol/liter) in men and 25.0 +/- 9.4 ng/ml (62.5 +/- 23.5 nmol/liter) in women. Seasonal variation represented a 14% summer increase in 25(OH)D concentrations in men and a 13% increase in women, both of which were statistically significant. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is considerable even in southern latitudes and should be taken into account in the evaluation of postmenopausal and male osteoporosis.
DNAHelicase‐deficiency Disorders (2010)

Abstract Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) helicases use energy derived from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to separate the complementary strands of DNA. This article focuses on one family of DNA helicases , the human RECQ (recombination) helicases and the syndromes that arise due to their deficiency. The five human RECQ helicases share a common, conserved helicase domain and all five proteins appear to play important roles in cellular DNA metabolism. Loss‐of‐function mutations in three family members cause the human cancer predisposition syndromes Bloom syndrome (BS), Werner syndrome (WS) and Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS). This article outlines clinical features of the RECQ helicase ‐deficiency syndromes and the underlying genetics, biochemistry and function of the associated human RECQ helicase genes and proteins. We discuss how the loss of RECQ function may promote genetic instability and disease pathogenesis, and how RECQ helicases may serve as predictors of cancer risk and the response to therapy. Key Concepts: RECQ helicases are found in all Kingdoms of life. RECQ helicases use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to unwind the strands of duplex DNA molecules. RECQ helicases play important roles in many aspects of DNA metabolism including DNA replication and repair, recombination and telomere maintenance. Loss of RECQ helicase function is associated with defects in DNA metabolism, genetic instability, reduced cell proliferation and cellular senescence or apoptosis. Heritable human RECQ helicase deficiencies are rare. Three distinct autosomal recessive RECQ helicase deficiency syndromes have been identified thus far. RECQ helicase‐deficient individuals have an elevated risk of cancer together with additional developmental or acquired findings. Acquired RECQ helicase deficiencies may be common in adult cancer, where loss‐of‐function may modify the response to therapy.
Recombination of Dispersed Repeated DNA Sequences in Yeast (1980)

Yeast transformation can be used to insert new sequence arrangements into a variety of chromosomal locations by homologous recombination. These newly inserted sequences can recombine with similar sequences located on other chromosomes. In these events, information is duplicated without being lost at the site from which it is derived. Similar mechanisms might be utilized by cells to provide new functions during development or differentiation.
Automated essay scoring for nonnative English speakers (1999)

The e-rater system™ is an operational automated essay scoring system, developed at Educational Testing Service (ETS). The average agreement between human readers, and between independent human readers and e-rater is approximately 92%. There is much interest in the larger writing community in examining the system's performance on nonnative speaker essays. This paper focuses on results of a study that show e-rater's performance on Test of Written English (TWE) essay responses written by nonnative English speakers whose native language is Chinese, Arabic, or Spanish. In addition, one small sample of the data is from US-born English speakers, and another is from non-US-born candidates who report that their native language is English. As expected, significant differences were found among the scores of the English groups and the nonnative speakers. While there were also differences between e-rater and the human readers for the various language groups, the average agreement rate was as high as operational agreement. At least four of the five features that are included in e-rater's current operational models (including discourse, topical, and syntactic features) also appear in the TWE models. This suggests that the features generalize well over a wide range of linguistic variation, as e-rater was not confounded by non-standard English syntactic structures or stylistic discourse structures which one might expect to be a problem for a system designed to evaluate native speaker writing.
Electrochemical depositions of palladium on indium tin oxide-coated glass and their possible application in organic electronics technology (2011)

The surface of palladium particles deposited on the (indium tin oxide) ITO coated glass by means of pulse electrolysis of 0.01 M PdCl2 in dimethylformamide was investigated using atomic force microscopy. It was shown that at the potential value E=−1 V, pulse duration (τon) of 6 ms and pause duration (τoff) of 300 ms the discrete cone-shaped nano-sized particles are formed, which almost uniformly cover the substrate&apos;s surface. The size of palladium particles increases with the increase in electrolysis duration. The absorption spectra in visible range of palladium deposited on ITO coincide with the spectrum of ITO. The study of the photoluminescence (PL) of ITO/Pd/Alq3 structure [Alq3 is aluminium tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)] confirmed that with the increase of palladium particles size the quenching of PL of the vacuum-deposited organic semiconductor Alq3 takes place.
Alchornea cordifolia seed oil: A rich source of a new C20 epoxide, (+)cis‐14,15‐epoxy‐cis‐11‐eicosenoic acid (1977)

A C20 homolog of vernolic acid has been found at the 50% level inAlchornea cordifolia, Euphorbiaceae, seed oil. This new acid, (+)cis-14,15-epoxy-cis-11-eicosenoic (alchornoic) acid, was isolated by high-pressure liquid chromotography and characterized by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, optical rotary dispersion, and ozonolysis-gas-chromotography.
Feeding networks for sinuous antennas (1999)

Two experimental versions of feeding systems for broadband antennas are described in this paper. Tapered transmission lines are used in the design of one, and the conventional type of baluns in the second. These feeding systems are employed to feed four-arm sinuous antennas in order to allow good impedance matching and good electrical characteristics over more than one octave. Experimental results of input impedance and radiation patterns are also given. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 20: 195–200, 1999.
A Study of R&D Network Organization for Taiwan Design Business (2001)

From the traditional economy to e-economy or knowledge economy, Taiwan will join the WTO as a member in 2001. Taiwan's business competition style will be transformed to ”take orders locally and produce globally”. This tendency will tremendously influence the international business cooperation. Design business contents will be changed from styling and manufacturing to total design solution. In the future, design business will focus on the high-level innovation. Anyone who could rapidly link and suffuse ”design knowledge” within the RD to examine the feasibility of developing RD and to establish a network organization structure of an integrative model. Some surveys had been conducted through questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Finally, some models are proposed for the new paradigm of design business.
What Are THE Practical Limits for Detection of Minor Nucleoside Reaction Products with HPLC (UV Detection), H NMR, and TLC (UV Detection)? (1998)

Abstract Detection limits for the minor component in binary mixtures of Ado/AraA, Ado/XyloA, and Urd/dUrd depend strongly on the combined concentration of analytes. Limiting concentrations (in which ≤1% of the minor component was detected) were about two orders of magnitude lower with HPLC (UV detection) than with 1H NMR and TLC (UV detection) with these nucleosides (εmax 10 000–15 000). Minimum molar percentages of minor components detected in the 0.1–10 mM range were 0.25–1% with HPLC (UV), 1–2% with 1H NMR, and ∼2% with TLC (UV).
Highlighting a Variety of Unusual Characteristics of Adsorption and Diffusion in Microporous Materials Induced by Clustering of Guest Molecules (2010)

In this work, we highlight several unusual characteristics of adsorption and diffusion of a variety of guest molecules, such as linear and branched alkanes with a number of C atoms in the 1−6 range, CO2, and Ar in microporous structures such as zeolites (FAU, NaY) and metal organic frameworks (IRMOF-1, CuBTC, MIL-47, MIL-53 (Cr)-lp, PCN-6′) that have channel or cavity sizes larger than about 0.75 nm. Clustering of guest molecules is found to manifest at temperatures below the critical temperature, Tc, of the guest species. The degree of clustering is increased as the temperature, T, is reduced increasingly below Tc. For linear alkanes, Tc increases with chain length and, consequently, at a given T the degree of clustering increases with increasing chain length. For C4, C5, and C6 alkane isomers, the linear isomer shows a higher degree of clustering than the corresponding branched isomers. Mixture adsorption characteristics are significantly influenced by clustering; specifically, the separation selectivity is found to increased significantly with lowering T. We also discuss the interesting possibility of separating alkane isomer mixtures by exploiting the differences in the degrees of clustering, induced by differences in Tc of constituent species. An important characteristic of clustering is that the inverse thermodynamic factor 1/Γi ≡ (d ln ci)/(d ln fi) exceeds unity for a range of molar concentrations ci within the micropores. For the concentration ranges for which 1/Γi >1, the Fick diffusivity, Di, for unary diffusion is often lower than both the Maxwell-Stefan, Đi, and the self-diffusivity, Di,self. Correlation effects in diffusion are significantly lowered as a consequence of clustering; this reduction in correlation effects is found to have a significant influence on the mixture diffusion characteristics. The diffusion selectivity is significantly affected with increased clustering.
Influence of the Side Chain Next to C-Terminal Benzimidazole in Opioid Pseudopeptides Containing the Dmt-Tic Pharmacophore (2009)

To improve the structure-activity studies of the lead delta opioid agonist H-Dmt-Tic-Asp*-Bid, we synthesized and pharmacologically characterized a series of analogues in which the side chain next to 1H-benzimidazole-2-yl (Bid) was substituted by those endowed with different chemical properties. Interesting results were obtained: (1) only Gly, Ala, and Asp resulted in delta agonism, (2) Phe yielded delta antagonism, (3) and all other residues except Glu (devoid of any activity) gave mu agonism.
Biphasic Carbon Dioxide Elimination Waveform with Right Mainstem Bronchial Intubation (1989)

Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California. Address correspondence to Dr. Benumof, Anesthesia Research Lab, T-001, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093. Accepted for publication July 3, 1989.
${\cal CPAS}$: An Efficient Conditional Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for Vehicular Sensor Networks (2012)

In this paper, we propose a conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme, called <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CPAS</i> , using pseudo-identity-based signatures for secure vehicle-to-infrastructure communications in vehicular ad hoc networks. The scheme achieves conditional privacy preservation, in which each message launched by a vehicle is mapped to a distinct pseudo-identity, and a trust authority can always retrieve the real identity of a vehicle from any pseudo-identity. In the scheme, a roadside unit (RSU) can simultaneously verify multiple received signatures, thus considerably reducing the total verification time; an RSU can simultaneously verify 2540 signed-messages/s. The time for simultaneously verifying 800 signatures in our scheme can be reduced by 18%, compared with the previous scheme.
Energy Efficiency Optimization of 5G Radio Frequency Chain Systems (2016)

With the massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antennas technology adopted for the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems, a large number of radio frequency (RF) chains have to be employed for RF circuits. However, a large number of RF chains not only increase the cost of RF circuits but also consume additional energy in 5G wireless communication systems. In this paper, we investigate energy and cost efficiency optimization solutions for 5G wireless communication systems with a large number of antennas and RF chains. An energy efficiency optimization problem is formulated for 5G wireless communication systems using massive MIMO antennas and millimeter wave technology. Considering the nonconcave feature of the objective function, a suboptimal iterative algorithm, i.e., the energy efficient hybrid precoding (EEHP) algorithm is developed for maximizing the energy efficiency of 5G wireless communication systems. To reduce the cost of RF circuits, the energy efficient hybrid precoding with the minimum number of RF chains (EEHP-MRFC) algorithm is also proposed. Moreover, the critical number of antennas searching (CNAS) and user equipment number optimization (UENO) algorithms are further developed to optimize the energy efficiency of 5G wireless communication systems by the number of transmit antennas and UEs. Compared with the maximum energy efficiency of conventional zero-forcing (ZF) precoding algorithm, numerical results indicate that the maximum energy efficiency of the proposed EEHP and EEHP-MRFC algorithms are improved by 220% and 171%, respectively.
Heat Transfer with Continuous and Discrete Heating in Fully Developed Turbulent Channel Flow: An Application to convective Cooling of a Nuclear-Waste-Repository Drift. (1981)

time. Based on this study, the thermophysical properties of the individual layers are identified as the most important influence on temperature distributions and maximum temperature rise at any position above the repository. The thicknesses of the sublayers play a secondary role for a given rock composition. Where a comparison to exact or numerical solutions is possible, the method predicts maximum temperature increases in the overburden to within 10 percent. Heat fluxes to the surface are found to be relatively insensitive to overburden composition. For dome salt, a maximum of 1.2 percent to 2.7 percent of the initial areal thermal power of a five-term source reaches the surface. For bedded salt, a maximum of 1 percent to 1.8 percent of the initial areal thermal power reaches the surface over a wide range of sublayer compositions. Similarly, low percentages of initial areal thermal power reach the surface for the other stratigraphies considered in the calculations.
An approach to development of specific T-lymphocyte lines by use of preprocessed antigens in Plasmodium vinckei vinckei murine malaria (1993)

The development of parasite-specific T-cell lines represents one approach to the potential identification of relevant immunogens in erythrocytic malarial infection. However, the use of parasitized-erythrocyte lysates as antigens inhibits the proliferation of T cells. To circumvent this problem, we preincubated antigen-presenting cells (APCs) from spleens of malaria-naive, BALB/c mice with a Plasmodium vinckei vinckei (hereafter referred to as P. vinckei)-parasitized erythrocyte lysate. APCs were subsequently irradiated and washed prior to being incubated with T lymphocytes from P. vinckei-immune, histocompatible mice. After 8 to 10 cycles of antigenic stimulation and rest, two T-cell lines were analyzed. Both lines were predominantly CD4+. Proliferation assays demonstrated marked lymphocyte blastogenesis to syngeneic but not allogeneic APCs that had preprocessed malarial antigen. Antigen incubated directly with T cells and nonpulsed APCs in vitro did not result in T-cell proliferation. Assays of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, and gamma interferon were compatible with one cell line being predominantly TH1 and the other being TH2. Thus, APCs that have preprocessed malarial antigen and are free of extraneous parasite material induce highly reactive, antigen-specific, major histocompatibility complex-restricted T-cell lines that functionally appear capable of inducing humoral and/or cell-mediated immunity.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Substituent Effects in the Nitrilase‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis of para‐Substituted Benzyl Cyanides. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ElGamal type signature schemes for n-dimensional vector spaces. (2006)

We generalize the ElGamal signature scheme for cyclic groups to a signature scheme for n-dimensional vector spaces. The higher dimensional version is based on the untractability of the vector decomposition problem (VDP). Yoshida has shown that under certain conditions, the VDP on a two-dimensional vector space is at least as hard as the computational Diffie-Hellman problem (CDHP) on a one-dimensional subspace.
Fungal regulatory evolution: cis and trans in the balance (2009)

Regulatory divergence is likely a major driving force in evolution. Comparative genomics is being increasingly used to infer the evolution of gene regulation. Ascomycota fungi are uniquely suited among eukaryotes for regulatory evolution studies, due to broad phylogenetic scope, many sequenced genomes, and tractability of genomic analysis. Here we review recent advances in the identification of the contribution of cis- and trans-factors to expression divergence. Whereas current strategies have led to the discovery of surprising signatures and mechanisms, we still understand very little about the adaptive role of regulatory evolution. Empirical studies including experimental evolution, comparative functional genomics and hybrid and engineered strains are showing early promise toward deciphering the contribution of regulatory divergence to adaptation.
Subclonality for BRAF Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Is Associated With Earlier Disease Stage (2016)

In PTC, subclonality for BRAF mutation is associated with earlier stage. Molecular-morphometric analysis of PTC can provide clonality information with potential clinical significance.
A concurrent 915/2440 MHz RF energy harvester (2016)

This paper presents the development of two dual-band radio-frequency (RF) harvesters optimized to convert far-field RF energy to DC voltage at very low received power. The first one is based on a patch antenna and the second on a dipole antenna. They are both implemented on a standard FR4 substrate with commercially off-the-shelf devices. The two RF harvesters provide a rectified voltage of 1 V for a combined power, respectively, of −19.5 dBm at 915 MHz, −25 dBm at 2.44 GHz, of −20 dBm at 915 MHz, and −15 dBm at 2.44 GHz. The remote powering of a clock consuming 1 V/5 µA is demonstrated, and the rectenna yields a power efficiency of 12%.
Inflammatory/post-infectious encephalomyelitis. (2004)

This study suggests that VBD may be an independent risk factor for stroke. VBD cases had an increased likelihood for PCD, all cause mortality, and reduced cumulative survival independent of other vascular risk factors in this cohort. Larger population based prospective studies are required to verify these results.