gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Umpolung of Michael Acceptors Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (2006)

N-Heterocyclic carbenes can catalyze beta-alkylations of a range of alpha,beta-unsaturated esters, amides, and nitriles that bear pendant leaving groups to form a variety of ring sizes. In this process, the nucleophilic catalyst transiently transforms the normally electrophilic beta carbon into a nucleophilic site through an unanticipated addition-tautomerization sequence.
Observation of theP11state of charmonium (2005)

The spin-singlet $P$-wave state of charmonium, ${h}_{c}{(}^{1}{P}_{1})$, has been observed in the decay $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{h}_{c}$ followed by ${h}_{c}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}$. Inclusive and exclusive analyses of the $M({h}_{c})$ spectrum have been performed. Two complementary inclusive analyses select either a range of energies for the photon emitted in ${h}_{c}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}$ or a range of values of $M({\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c})$. These analyses, consistent with one another within statistics, yield $M({h}_{c})=[3524.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7\text{ }\text{ }(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4\text{ }\text{ }(\mathrm{sys})]\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ and a product of the branching ratios ${\mathcal{B}}_{\ensuremath{\psi}}(\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{h}_{c})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathcal{B}}_{h}({h}_{c}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c})=[3.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0\text{ }\text{ }(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7\text{ }\text{ }(\mathrm{sys})]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. When the ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}$ is reconstructed in seven exclusive decay modes, $17.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.5$ ${h}_{c}$ events are seen with an average mass $M({h}_{c})=[3523.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\text{ }\text{ }(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5\text{ }\text{ }(\mathrm{sys})]\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$, and ${\mathcal{B}}_{\ensuremath{\psi}}{\mathcal{B}}_{h}=[5.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5\text{ }\text{ }(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0\text{ }\text{ }(\mathrm{sys})]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. If combined, the inclusive and exclusive data samples yield an overall mass $M({h}_{c})=[3524.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6\text{ }\text{ }(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4\text{ }\text{ }(\mathrm{sys})]\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ and product of branching ratios ${\mathcal{B}}_{\ensuremath{\psi}}{\mathcal{B}}_{h}=[4.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8\text{ }\text{ }(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7\text{ }\text{ }(\mathrm{sys})]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. The ${h}_{c}$ mass implies a $P$-wave hyperfine splitting $\ensuremath{\Delta}{M}_{\mathrm{HF}}(1P)\ensuremath{\equiv}⟨M({1}^{3}P)⟩\ensuremath{-}M({1}^{1}{P}_{1})=[1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6\text{ }\text{ }(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4\text{ }\text{ }(\mathrm{sys})]\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$.
Anticholinesterase, antioxidant activity and phytochemical investigation into aqueous extracts from five species of Agrimonia genus (2015)

Aqueous extracts of aerial flowering parts of five Agrimonia species (Rosaceae): Agrimonia coreana Nakai, Agrimonia japonica (Miq.) Koidz, Agrimonia procera Wallr., Agrimonia eupatoria L. and Agrimonia leucantha Kunze were investigated on their antioxidant activity, measured using five different methods; the best was the extract from A. procera with IC50 values from 6 to 29 μg/mL. All the extracts displayed inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) at the tested concentration of 100 μg/mL. We found the highest inhibition of cholinesterase in the extract of A. japonica with inhibition 70.4% for AChE and 79.8% for BuChE. These findings are statistically significant in comparison with those of other extracts (p < 0.001). The phytochemical analyses showed that the antioxidant activity of Agrimonia extracts can be affected especially by hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP)-glucose and quercetin glycosides, and inhibition of cholinesterases by apigenin, luteolin and quercetin glycosides.
Non-normal amplification in random balanced neuronal networks (2012)

In dynamical models of cortical networks, the recurrent connectivity can amplify the input given to the network in two distinct ways. One is induced by the presence of near-critical eigenvalues in the connectivity matrix W, producing large but slow activity fluctuations along the corresponding eigenvectors (dynamical slowing). The other relies on W not being normal, which allows the network activity to make large but fast excursions along specific directions. Here we investigate the trade-off between non-normal amplification and dynamical slowing in the spontaneous activity of large random neuronal networks composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. We use a Schur decomposition of W to separate the two amplification mechanisms. Assuming linear stochastic dynamics, we derive an exact expression for the expected amount of purely non-normal amplification. We find that amplification is very limited if dynamical slowing must be kept weak. We conclude that, to achieve strong transient amplification with little slowing, the connectivity must be structured. We show that unidirectional connections between neurons of the same type together with reciprocal connections between neurons of different types, allow for amplification already in the fast dynamical regime. Finally, our results also shed light on the differences between balanced networks in which inhibition exactly cancels excitation and those where inhibition dominates.
Fast Detection of Biological Targets With Magnetic Marker and SQUID (2009)

We have been developing a SQUID system for the detection of biological targets. In this system, magnetic markers are bound to the targets, and the magnetic signal from the bound markers is detected with the SQUID. In order to realize fast detection of the targets, we developed a liquid-phase detection method. First, we used large polymer beads as material to capture the targets. Since the polymer beads are uniformly dispersed in liquid, biological targets on the surface of the polymer bead can be easily coupled to the markers, which results in the fast reaction time. Next, we detected the bound markers without using the washing process to separate the bound and unbound markers, which was realized by using the difference in the Brownian relaxation time between them. Using this procedure, we demonstrated the detection of the target called IgE, as well as biotin-coated polymer beads. We obtained a good relationship between the amount of IgE and the magnetic signal. The result was the same as that obtained using the conventional procedure. The reaction time for the coupling between the magnetic marker and the target was 4 min, which was much shorter than the conventional method. These results show the usefulness of the present method.
Apparatus Using Radioactive Probes for Measuring the Vertical Component of Atmospheric Potential Gradient from an Airplane (1961)

Apparatus is described for measuring and recording the atmospheric potential gradient from an aircraft. It consists of two radioactive probes connected through an electromechanical coupling device to a conventional electrometer and recorder.
Immune Responses in the Glaucomatous Retina: Regulation and Dynamics (2021)

Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease resulting in progressive vision loss due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction and death. Early events in the pathobiology of the disease include oxidative, metabolic, or mechanical stress that acts upon RGC, causing these to rapidly release danger signals, including extracellular ATP, resulting in micro- and macroglial activation and neuroinflammation. Danger signaling also leads to the formation of inflammasomes in the retina that enable maturation of proinflammatory cytokines such IL-1β and IL-18. Chronic neuroinflammation can have directly damaging effects on RGC, but it also creates a proinflammatory environment and compromises the immune privilege of the retina. In particular, continuous synthesis of proinflammatory mediators such as TNFα, IL-1β, and anaphylatoxins weakens the blood-retina barrier and recruits or activates T-cells. Recent data have demonstrated that adaptive immune responses strongly exacerbate RGC loss in animal models of the disease as T-cells appear to target heat shock proteins displayed on the surface of stressed RGC to cause their apoptotic death. It is possible that dysregulation of these immune responses contributes to the continued loss of RGC in some patients.
Guidelines for the choice of intravenous fluids for vascular filling in critically ill patients, 2021 (2022)

Substantial agreement among experts has been obtained to provide a sizable number of recommendations aimed at optimising the choice of fluid therapy for resuscitation of critically ill patients.
Sensorless control of surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous machines for low-speed operation based on high-frequency square-wave voltage injection (2013)

This paper proposes a high-frequency signal injection-based position estimation scheme for surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous machines (SPMSM) operating in the low-speed range. A square-wave voltage vector is injected in the estimated rotating reference frame. The rotor position information is then extracted from the envelopes of the resulting induced high-frequency currents in the stationary reference frame. The proposed position estimation method has almost no dependence on machine asymmetric properties and, therefore, is well suited for SPMSM applications. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method from 1 Hz to 50 Hz electric fundamental frequency under all load conditions. Experimental results on a 2.4-kW SPMSM in both sensorless speed and torque controls are also provided to validate the proposed method. The sensorless speed control can be achieved as low as 0.3 Hz electric fundamental frequency.
Acceptorless and Base‐free Dehydrogenation of Cyanohydrin with (η6‐Arene)halide(Bidentate Phosphine)ruthenium(II) Complex (2017)

Abstract Ruthenium‐catalyzed dehydrogenation of cyanohydrins under acceptorless and base‐free conditions was demonstrated for the first time in the synthesis of acyl cyanide. As opposed to the thermodynamically preferred elimination of hydrogen cyanide, the dehydrogenation of cyanohydrins could be kinetically controlled with ruthenium (II) bidentate phosphine complexes. The effects of the arene, phosphine ligands and counter anions were investigated in regard to catalytic activity and selectivity. Selective dehydrogenation can occur via β‐hydride elimination with the experimentally observed [(alkoxide)Ru] complex. magnified image
Global Optimization for Shape Fitting (2007)

We propose a global optimization framework for 3D shape reconstruction from sparse noisy 3D measurements frequently encountered in range scanning, sparse feature-based stereo, and shape-from-X. In contrast to earlier local or banded optimization methods for shape fitting, we compute global optimum in the whole volume removing dependence on initial guess and sensitivity to numerous local minima. Our global method is based on two main ideas. First, we suggest a new regularization functional with a data alignment term that maximizes the number of (weakly-oriented) data points contained by a surface while allowing for some measurement errors. Second, we propose a touch-expand algorithm for finding a minimum cut on a huge 3D grid using an automatically adjusted band. This overcomes prohibitively high memory cost of graph cuts when computing globally optimal surfaces at high-resolution. Our results for sparse or incomplete 3D data from laser scanning and passive multi-view stereo are robust to noise, outliers, missing parts, and varying sampling density.
MCRT user`s guide and documentation; Revision 1 (1988)

MCRT is a FORTRAN computer program used to generate computer files, containing thermodynamic data for chemical reactions involving solids, gases, and aqueous species. The MCRT code uses basic thermodynamic and reaction stoichiometry information stored in data and input files to produce an output file containing a grid describing the temperature dependence of equilibrium constants of mineral hydrolysis reactions and aqueous dissociation reactions. The reaction properties generated by MCRT comprise a critical portion of the thermodynamic data needed by the geochemical modeling codes in the EQ3/6 software package. The set of files used to store the thermodynamic data for the aqueous, solid, and gaseous species and associated FORTRAN data base manipulation codes are also described in this user`s manual. The data base structure and use of the data manipulation programs are described only in sufficient detail to illustrate their relationship to the MCRT code. This user`s guide is designed to acquaint a new user with the MCRT program and its associated data files, so as to facilitate the use of the code and its various options. The data base processing programs MDAP and DARP are briefly described, and several sample runs of the programs are included to illustrate the available options.more » In addition, the structure of the MCRT code, the coding conventions used throughout the EQ3/6 package, and the methods used in MCRT to extrapolate thermodynamic data to elevated temperatures are described. Appendices 1--4 contain descriptions of the important variables defined in MCRT and a glossary of subroutines called by MCRT. 21 refs.« less
A Multilevel Relational Data Model (1987)

A multilevel relational data model that meets the basic operational requirements for a multilevel database system is described. The model is an extension of the standard relational model, and consists of multilevel relations, which contain classification attributes as well as data attributes; multilevel relational integrity rules, which extend the integrity constraints of the relational model in order to pro vide consistency for data at different access classes, including data that becomes "polyinstantiated," a decomposition method for mapping all multilevel real relations into standard (single-level) base relations; and multilevel relational operators, which perform the functions of their counterparts in the standard relational model, while also labeling derived tuples with access classes. The model is defined in terms of the standard relational model, but lends itself to a design and implementation that offers a high level of assurance for mandatory security.
Targeting lactate dehydrogenase B-dependent mitochondrial metabolism affects tumor initiating cells and inhibits tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer by inducing mtDNA damage (2022)

Once considered a waste product of anaerobic cellular metabolism, lactate has been identified as a critical regulator of tumorigenesis, maintenance, and progression. The putative primary function of lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) is to catalyze the conversion of lactate to pyruvate; however, its role in regulating metabolism during tumorigenesis is largely unknown. To determine whether LDHB plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, we performed 2D and 3D in vitro experiments, utilized a conventional xenograft tumor model, and developed a novel genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in which we combined an LDHB deletion allele with an inducible model of lung adenocarcinoma driven by the concomitant loss of p53 (also known as Trp53) and expression of oncogenic KRAS (G12D) (KP). Here, we show that epithelial-like, tumor-initiating NSCLC cells feature oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) phenotype that is regulated by LDHB-mediated lactate metabolism. We show that silencing of LDHB induces persistent mitochondrial DNA damage, decreases mitochondrial respiratory complex activity and OXPHOS, resulting in reduced levels of mitochondria-dependent metabolites, e.g., TCA intermediates, amino acids, and nucleotides. Inhibition of LDHB dramatically reduced the survival of tumor-initiating cells and sphere formation in vitro, which can be partially restored by nucleotide supplementation. In addition, LDHB silencing reduced tumor initiation and growth of xenograft tumors. Furthermore, we report for the first time that homozygous deletion of LDHB significantly reduced lung tumorigenesis upon the concomitant loss of Tp53 and expression of oncogenic KRAS without considerably affecting the animal's health status, thereby identifying LDHB as a potential target for NSCLC therapy. In conclusion, our study shows for the first time that LDHB is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial metabolism, especially nucleotide metabolism, demonstrating that LDHB is crucial for the survival and proliferation of NSCLC tumor-initiating cells and tumorigenesis.
Genistein sensitizes diffuse large cell lymphoma to CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) chemotherapy. (2003)

The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has been increasing and is now the leading cause of death in males aged 15-54. Diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) is the most common subtype of NHL. These cells are notable for the high expression of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kappaB), raising the possibility that constitutive activation of the NF-kappaB pathway may contribute to the poor prognosis of DLCL patients. Soy isoflavone genistein promotes apoptosis by decreasing NF-kappaB activity. The combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) remains the standard therapy for DLCL with a cure rate of approximately 40%. The WSU-DLCL(2) cell line and its severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) xenograft have constitutively active NF-kappaB which provides us with an excellent model in which to study NF-kappaB modulation and CHOP sensitization by genistein. The antitumor activity of CHOP with or without a genistein was evaluated in our WSU-DLCL(2) model. In vivo, WSU-DLCL(2)-bearing SCID mice received genistein alone (800 micro g kg(-1) day(-1), p.o. as gavages for 5 days), CHOP alone ("C", 40 mg/kg, i.v.; "H", 3.3 mg/kg, i.v.; "O", 0.5 mg/kg, i.v.; and "P", 0.2 mg/kg, every day for 5 days, p.o.), or genistein for 5 days followed by CHOP. Tumor growth inhibition (T/C), tumor growth delay (T - C), and log(10) kill for genistein, CHOP, and genistein followed by CHOP were 33.6%, 19.2%, and 5.2%; 7, 8, and 17 days; and 1.0, 1.2, and 2.6, respectively. To begin elucidating the mechanism of genistein-induced sensitization of WSU-DLCL(2) cells to CHOP chemotherapy in this xenograft mouse model, we studied the in vitro effect of genistein on WSU-DLCL(2) growth inhibition, cell cycle, Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, NF-kappaB DNA binding, and apoptosis in vitro. At 30 micro M, genistein inhibited the growth significantly, induced G(2)-M arrest, increased Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, decreased NF-kappaB DNA binding, and induced apoptosis. Genistein also inhibited NF-kappaB DNA binding in vivo, whereas CHOP enhanced it. Our results show that genistein has growth modulatory effects on WSU-DLCL(2) cells and enhances the antitumor activity of CHOP. Because soy isoflavone genistein is a widely available nutritional supplement, its use in combination with CHOP chemotherapy should be further explored in a clinical trial in patients with NHL.
Host-Primed Ebola Virus GP Exposes a Hydrophobic NPC1 Receptor-Binding Pocket, Revealing a Target for Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies (2016)

Ebola virus uses its glycoprotein (GP) to enter new host cells. During entry, GP must be cleaved by human enzymes in order for receptor binding to occur. Here, we provide the crystal structure of the cleaved form of Ebola virus GP. We demonstrate that cleavage exposes a site at the top of GP and that this site binds the critical domain C of the receptor, termed Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). We perform mutagenesis to find parts of the site essential for binding NPC1 and map distinct roles for an upper, charged crest and lower, hydrophobic trough in cleaved GP. We find that this 3-dimensional site is conserved across the filovirus family and that antibody directed against this site is able to bind cleaved GP from every filovirus tested and neutralize viruses bearing those GPs.
A novel adaptive UCD-based MU-MIMO scheme for IEEE 802.11ac (2014)

This paper proposes a novel adaptive transmission scheme based on the uniform channel decomposition (UCD)-based that enables multiuser MIMO-OFDM gains to be realized while remaining fully compliant with the latest IEEE 802.11ac draft. In particular, the proposed technique takes into account the availability of a finite modulation and coding set and the restrictions concerning the transmission mode selection defined in IEEE 802.11ac. Users are selected using a proportionally fair scheduling algorithm and the UCD is adaptively optimized to allocate a number of per-user subchannels maximizing the system throughput. Simulation results in the context of IEEE 802.11ac confirm the advantage of the UCD approach when compared to the conventional singular value decomposition (SVD)-based approach.
Purification and complete amino acid sequence of canine pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (1985)

Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) was purified from canine pancreatic juice by HPLC. Canine PSTI inhibited bovine trypsin activity stoichiometrically and strongly with a dissociation constant of below 10(-9) M. The amino acid sequence of canine PSTI was determined by conventional methods. It had one more amino acid residue at the amino-terminus than other mammalian PSTIs, i.e. human, porcine, bovine and ovine.
STUDYING THE BEHAVIOUR OF PEPITEM ADIPONECTIN MECHANISM ON LYMPHOCYTES MIGRATION IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS PATIENTS (2014)

Atherosclerosis is an asymptomatic condition with potentially fatal consequences. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the development of disease are not well understood. The accumulated evidence from clinical and experimental studies suggests that an inflammatory response is the key factor in initiation and development of atherosclerosis. A new novel peptide, called Pepitem (Peptide Inhibitor of Trans-Endothelial Migration), has been discovered in our lab which down regulates T cell recruitment during inflammation. The mechanism by which pepitem acts is still unknown but work in our lab suggests that it is released in response adiponectin binding to the adiponectin receptors (AR1 &amp; AR2) present on B cells. It then stimulates the endothelium through a specific receptor which subsequently inhibits transmigration of T lymphocytes. We hypothesized that pepitem mediated T cell recruitment is impaired in atherosclerosis patients and treating their lymphocytes with pepitem would restore this mechanism. The static adhesion assay showed no effect of pepitem on lymphocyte transmigration (P&lt;0.01). However, flow-cytometric studies suggested higher expression of adiponectin receptors in patients than controls (P=0.2). These data suggests that in atherosclerosis patients, the immuno-regulatory pathway which controls the magnitude of an inflammatory response is faulty, leading to inappropriate levels of inflammation.