gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ontological Extension to the MOF Metamodel as a Basis for Code Generation (2006)

This article describes the ontological metamodel extension for generative architectures (OMEGA), an extension to the Meta Object Facility metamodel which allows non-linear metamodeling. The article begins with a discussion of non-linear metamodeling in general and briefly describes several options available to the designers of a metamodeling framework supporting orthogonal metamodeling. In the light of these options, we then explain the design of OMEGA and discuss its advantages and application to code generation. We also explain the open questions and extensively discuss related work.
Instant solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs by in-situ loading of aqueous phospholipid dispersions suitable for parenteral administration. (2007)

The features of a new, in situ method for solubilizing poorly soluble drugs (SupraVail Instant Solubilization) are demonstrated. The resulting formulations are suitable for parenteral administration in preclinical and clinical studies. The technique avoids drug precipitation upon dilution and circumvents the need for co-administration of high organic solvent concentrations. The method involves mixing a sterile solution of a poorly water-soluble drug in a water-miscible organic solvent (the "transfer medium") with an excess of a sterile, stable, phospholipid dispersion prepared by high-shear homogenization. The influence of several mixing parameters which may affect the utility and viability of the method for two drugs, namely diazepam or cyclosporine A, are examined in detail. The resulting transparent dispersions were analyzed for presence of insoluble particles, transmission, particle size, and degree of solubilization. It is found that solubilizing efficiency is mainly determined by the drug and the phospholipid-to-drug ratio in the final dispersion. Complete and instant solubilization is obtained by using negatively charged phospholipids in the transfer medium. Variations in the mixing conditions, such as fast addition compared to slow addition, no shaking (agitation) versus shaking during mixing, stirring after mixing, and temperature variations of the lipid dispersion do not significantly affect the reproducibility of the method.
Data from EW-7197, a Novel ALK-5 Kinase Inhibitor, Potently Inhibits Breast to Lung Metastasis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Advanced tumors produce an excessive amount of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), which promotes tumor progression at late stages of malignancy. The purpose of this study was to develop anti-TGFβ therapeutics for cancer. We synthesized a novel small-molecule TGFβ receptor I kinase (activin receptor–like kinase 5) inhibitor termed &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-[[4-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;]pyridin-6-yl)-5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1&lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;-imidazol-2-yl]methyl]-2-fluoroaniline (EW-7197), and we investigated its potential antimetastatic efficacy in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)/c-Neu mice and 4T1 orthotopic–grafted mice. EW-7197 inhibited Smad/TGFβ signaling, cell migration, invasion, and lung metastasis in MMTV/c-Neu mice and 4T1 orthotopic–grafted mice. EW-7197 also inhibited the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in both TGFβ-treated breast cancer cells and 4T1 orthotopic–grafted mice. Furthermore, EW-7197 enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in 4T1 orthotopic–grafted mice and increased the survival time of 4T1-Luc and 4T1 breast tumor–bearing mice. In summary, EW-7197 showed potent &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; antimetastatic activity, indicating its potential for use as an anticancer therapy. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 13(7); 1704–16. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Natural rubber from sunflower. 2 (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNatural rubber from sunflower. 2Robert D. Stipanovic, Gerald J. Seiler, and Charlie E. RogersCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1982, 30, 3, 611–613Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00111a053RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (345 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Displacive Phase Transitions and Magnetic Structures in Nd-Substituted BiFeO3 (2011)

Neutron powder diffraction was used to determine changes in the nuclear and magnetic structures of Bi1−xNdxFeO3 polymorphs involved in the first-order displacive phase transitions from the high-temperature nonpolar phase to the low temperature polar (x ≤ 0.125) and antipolar (0.125 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) phases, respectively. The high-temperature phase (O1), which crystallizes with a structure similar to the room-temperature form of NdFeO3, exhibits Pbnm symmetry and unit cell √2ac × √2ac × 2ac (where ac ≈ 4 Å is the lattice parameter of an ideal cubic perovskite), determined by a−a−c+ octahedral tilting. The low-temperature polar structure (R) is similar to the β-phase of BiFeO3 and features rhombohedral symmetry determined by a−a−a− octahedral rotations and cation displacements. The recently discovered antipolar phase (O2) resembles the antiferroelectric Pbam (√2ac × 2√2ac × 2ac) structure of PbZrO3 but with additional displacements that double the PbZrO3 unit cell along the c-axis to √2ac × 2√2ac × 4ac and yield Pbnm symmetry. The O1 ↔ R and O1 ↔ O2 transitions are both accompanied by a large discontinuous expansion of the lattice volume in the low-temperature structures with a contrasting contraction of the [FeO6] octahedral volume and an abrupt decrease in the magnitude of octahedral rotations. The O1 ↔ O2 transition, which occurs in the magnetic state, is accompanied by an abrupt ≈90° reorientation of the magnetic dipoles. This coupling between the nuclear and magnetic structures is manifested in a significant magnetization anomaly. Below 50 K, reverse rotation of magnetic dipoles back to the original orientations in the high-temperature O1 structure is observed.
Exploiting solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization NMR spectroscopy to establish the spatial distribution of polymorphic phases in a solid material (2023)

Solid-state DNP NMR can enhance the ability to detect minor amounts of solid phases within heterogenous materials. Here we demonstrate that NMR contrast based on the transport of DNP-enhanced polarization can be exploited in the challenging case of early detection of a small amount of a minor polymorphic phase within a major polymorph, and we show that this approach can yield quantitative information on the spatial distribution of the two polymorphs. We focus on the detection of a minor amount (<4%) of polymorph III of <i>m</i>-aminobenzoic acid within a powder sample of polymorph I at natural isotopic abundance. Based on proposed models of the spatial distribution of the two polymorphs, simulations of <sup>1</sup>H spin diffusion allow NMR data to be calculated for each model as a function of particle size and the relative amounts of the polymorphs. A comparison between simulated and experimental NMR data allows the model(s) best representing the spatial distribution of the polymorphs in the system to be established.
Conventionally Prepared Submicrometer Lead‐Based Perovskite Powders by Reactive Calcination (1990)

Submicrometer powders of various Pb‐based perovskites, including PbTiO 3 , PbZrO 3 , Pb(Zr 0.53 Ti 0.47 )O 3 , and Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 were prepared by a reactive calcination process. Using only reagent‐grade raw materials and conventional processing techniques, highly reactive powders were produced by reacting the materials near the temperature of maximum volumetric expansion. At this point, the morphological development results in a skeletal‐type structure consisting of ultrafine particulates that can be readily broken down further by milling. Powder sizes less than 0.3 μm and as small as 70 nm generally only achievable using chemical processing techniques were achieved. The highly reactive powders allowed densification to occur at temperatures as low as ∼900°C with correspondingly small grain sizes. A model describing the physiochemical behavior and associated morphological development of Pb‐based perovskites was herein proposed.
Divergent Cascade Construction of Skeletally Diverse “Privileged” Pyrazole‐Derived Molecular Architectures (2015)

Abstract A powerful divergent cascade strategy has been explored for the easy construction of diverse enantioenriched pyrazole‐derived scaffolds from readily available chiral fused pyrazole‐tetrahydropyran acetals. These versatile intermediates can react in various ways to give Michael–aldol, reduction–lactonization, α‐hydroxylation–acetalization–oxidation, and Wittig–aldol and Wittig–oxa‐Michael cascade reactions. Using only six simple building blocks, these processes gave five distinct molecular architectures. Furthermore, screening 10 compounds representing the 5 distinct scaffolds revealed potent anticancer lead compounds that deserve further development.
Endoscopic laser dacryocystorhinostomy (1994)

Endoscopic laser dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) enables an obstructed lacrimal sac to be opened through an intranasal approach, avoiding the need for a skin incision. The holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet (holmium:YAG) laser is well-suited for this procedure because of its properties of fiberoptic delivery, effective bone cutting, and precise soft-tissue coagulation. Efficient bone ablation is particularly important for primary DCR which requires removal of relatively thick bone along the lateral nasal wall to expose the lacrimal sac. Forty-six endoscopic laser DCRs were performed on 40 patients. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The surgery successfully relieved lacrimal obstruction in 85% of patients. Endoscopic instrumentation allowed for the rapid identification and correction of intranasal causes of DCR failure, including ethmoid sinus disease and middle turbinate hypertrophy. Endoscopic laser DCR appears to be a safe and effective procedure which should be considered as an alternative to external DCR for the surgical treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
Magnesium and Calcium Organophyllosilicates: Synthesis and In vitro Cytotoxicity Study (2011)

Synthesis of multifunctional hybrid nanomaterials for biomedical applications has received great attention. Herein, we examine the potential toxicity of organophyllosilicates on cells from different organs such as A549 (lung epithelial cancer), HT-29 (colon epithelial cancer), MRC-5 (lung fibroblast) and CCD-986sk (skin fibroblast) cells. For this, aminopropyl functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate (AMP clay) and aminopropyl functionalized calcium phyllosilicate (ACP clay) were prepared using one-pot direct sol-gel method. Toxic effects of these organoclays on normal fibroblast and tumor cells were examined under varying concentrations and exposure times. MTT and LDH assays indicated that both organoclays had little cytotoxicity in all of the cells tested at concentrations as high as 500 μg/mL. Even at high concentration (1000 μg/mL), the toxicity of both organoclays on cell viability and membrane damage was not severe and appeared to be cell type specific. In addition, organoclays did not induce apoptosis at concentrations as high as 1000 μg/mL.
Prognostic and Predictive Markers for Treatment Decisions in Early Breast Cancer (2011)

Breast cancer clinically represents a heterogeneous disease. Over the last decades, the integration of prognostic and predictive markers in treatment decisions has led to a more individualized and optimized therapy. While prognosis describes the risk of disease recurrence and disease-related death after diagnosis without the influence of therapy, prediction illustrates the probability of efficacy or response of a specific therapeutic measure. The substantial decline in breast cancer mortality seen over the last 20 years is primarily due to the delivery of adjuvant systemic therapy. It is important that clinical decisions are made to minimize overtreatment, under-treatment, and incorrect treatment. Improved understanding of breast cancer biology together with the utilization of classical biomarkers and the identification of new markers or profiles is increasingly defining who should receive cancer therapy and what therapy offers the best efficacy. The molecular targets as the prerequisite for successful concepts of specific therapies like anti-estrogens, antibodies, or small molecules, have therefore high clinical value in regards to prognosis as well as prediction.
Reconstitution of RecBC DNase activity from purified Escherichia coli RecB and RecC proteins. (1985)

The Escherichia coli RecB protein, normally synthesized in low amounts, has been amplified by linkage of the recB gene to the phage lambda leftward promoter in an expression plasmid. From strains harboring this plasmid, RecB protein has been purified to homogeneity by a simple procedure which includes affinity chromatography on a column of RecC protein bound to agarose. The purified RecB protein has DNA-dependent ATPase activity but no exonuclease activity. RecC protein alone has neither ATPase nor exonuclease activity. However, when combined together, the RecB and RecC proteins show the ATP-dependent double-stranded exonuclease properties characteristic of the RecBC DNase.
Compute Caches (2017)

This paper presents the Compute Cache architecture that enables in-place computation in caches. Compute Caches uses emerging bit-line SRAM circuit technology to re-purpose existing cache elements and transforms them into active very large vector computational units. Also, it significantly reduces the overheads in moving data between different levels in the cache hierarchy. Solutions to satisfy new constraints imposed by Compute Caches such as operand locality are discussed. Also discussed are simple solutions to problems in integrating them into a conventional cache hierarchy while preserving properties such as coherence, consistency, and reliability. Compute Caches increase performance by 1.9× and reduce energy by 2.4× for a suite of data-centric applications, including text and database query processing, cryptographic kernels, and in-memory checkpointing. Applications with larger fraction of Compute Cache operations could benefit even more, as our micro-benchmarks indicate (54× throughput, 9× dynamic energy savings).
Asymmetrical radiation pattern synthesis of a linear array antenna by a least mean square method (2014)

In mobile base station antennas, linear array antennas are employing and asymmetrical radiation patterns are achieved. For multi frequency use, unequally spaced array configurations are preferable because of reducing grating lobes in higher frequency operations. Previously, radiation pattern synthesis methods were developed for equally spaced array configurations. In radiation pattern synthesis method, the least mean square (LMS) method was very conveniently used in mobile base station designing. The convenience of this method is obtaining array excitation coefficients by simply giving the objective radiation pattern. Moreover, the merit of this method is having the function of emphasizing design importance in the radiation angles that is called the weighting matrix. In this paper, a radiation pattern synthesis program based on LMS scheme is developed for unequally spaced array configuration. As an initial step, the accuracies of a developed program are examined. Through designing actual asymmetric radiation pattern with very low side lobe levels, the accuracies of program and effects of weighting matrix are ensured.
Thermal and photochemical oxidation of Si(111): Doping effect and the reaction mechanism (1991)

It has been proposed that a ``harpooning''-like silicon-to-${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ electron-transfer process to form an ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$-like precursor is the crucial first step in the oxidation of Si(111). Here we use \ensuremath{\delta} doping of silicon with boron to reduce the electron population of the silicon-surface adatom dangling bonds. We find that indeed the extent of oxidation and the amount of the ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$-like species on the surface are greatly reduced by the doping. Moreover, we find an analogous suppression of the photo-oxidation process. The latter result indicates that the photodissociation of the same ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$-like precursor is involved in the photoenhancement of the oxidation process.
Abstract: A new class of melt quenched amorphous magnetic alloys (1981)

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Transplantation of Human Benign Hyperplastic Prostate Tissue into Nude Mice: First Results of Systemic Therapy (1992)

Xenografts of human benign hyperplastic prostate tissue (BPH) have been established as a model for the investigation of the etiology of BPH. In this paper it is our aim to answer the question of whether this model is useful for the established therapy of the disease. Additionally we try to evaluate the value of a commonly used plant extract for the therapy of BPH. Is there any influence of the extract from Sabal serrulatum on the BPH tissue in our model? Human BPH tissue from 2 patients was transplanted into athymic nude mice and treated with three different regimens. Animals of group I did not receive any treatment and served as control, in groups II and III the tissue was stimulated by application of silicone tubes containing crystalline 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and estradiol. Animals of group II additionally were treated orally with the lipophilic extract of S. serrulatum (contained in Prostagutt N), which is commonly used for the treatment of BPH clinically. Significant inhibition of tissue growth was observed in group III when compared to group II. In group I (control) atrophy of the graft was observed as expected. However, histologically no differences were visible between groups II and III. Our experiment shows a significant growth-inhibiting effect of the plant extract for human BPH tissue in our model (p less than 0.05). We conclude that the nude mouse model can be useful for the evaluation of systemic therapy modalities of human BPH and that the plant extract may have a certain value for clinical treatment, which is not only due to subjective criteria.
Feasibility and outcome of tandem stem cell autotransplants in multiple myeloma. (2005)

Approximately one third of patients with newly diagnosed symptomatic MM completed the TTI program. These data suggest the need to improve the induction therapy in order to increase both the number of patients able to proceed to autotransplantation programs and to enhance the rate of early response.
Rin GTPase deficiency promotes neuroprotection following traumatic brain injury (2015)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects approximately 1.4 million people in the USA annually and remains a leading cause of death and disability. In addition to the cell death caused by the initial insult, TBI also leads to the activation of secondary cascades including excitotoxicity, free radical production, and glial activation. These mechanisms initiate detrimental consequences for months following injury, obstructing cognition and motor functioning. Ras family proteins act as GDP/GTP regulated molecular switches governing diverse cellular processes by allowing for the relay of extracellular stimuli into cellular signaling pathway. Rin was identified as a small G‐protein with expression limited to the central nervous system. Through the generation of a Rin knockout mouse, our lab has elucidated a model in which loss of Rin signaling aids in neuroprotection following TBI. While targeted disruption of Rin does not alter neural development, its loss promotes enhanced adult neurogenesis. Phospho‐specific immunoblotting suggests that Rin deficiency protects primary neuronal cultures from the effects of reactive oxygen species by increasing AKT signaling and blunting p38 MAPK activation. Furthermore, we have shown that the absence of Rin is neuroprotective against TBI, decreasing the amount of hippocampal neurodegeneration and improving cognitive performance after injury. Taken together, these data suggest that endogenous Rin regulates a neuronal pro‐apoptotic cascade and that inhibition of Rin signaling may have broad therapeutic potential by promoting neuronal survival and limiting post‐injury cognitive dysfunction.
Prevalence in the United States of Selected Candidate Gene Variants: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1991-1994 (2008)

Population-based allele frequencies and genotype prevalence are important for measuring the contribution of genetic variation to human disease susceptibility, progression, and outcomes. Population-based prevalence estimates also provide the basis for epidemiologic studies of gene-disease associations, for estimating population attributable risk, and for informing health policy and clinical and public health practice. However, such prevalence estimates for genotypes important to public health remain undetermined for the major racial and ethnic groups in the US population. DNA was collected from 7,159 participants aged 12 years or older in Phase 2 (1991-1994) of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Certain age and minority groups were oversampled in this weighted, population-based US survey. Estimates of allele frequency and genotype prevalence for 90 variants in 50 genes chosen for their potential public health significance were calculated by age, sex, and race/ethnicity among non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans. These nationally representative data on allele frequency and genotype prevalence provide a valuable resource for future epidemiologic studies in public health in the United States.
The Effect of Gonadotropins on the Production of Human Interferon-γ by Mononuclear Cells (1993)

Gonadotropins--follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)--and the related agent thyrotropin were shown to enhance yields of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) significantly when calcium ionophores (ionomycin or A23187) were used as inducers. The enhancement increased the IFN yields four- to eight-fold. Induction with other inducers, (such as lectins, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and anti CD3, was not associated with enhancement of the IFN yields by gonadotropins. Concentrations of gonadotropins associated with pregnancy (HCG) or menopause (FSH and LH) were able to enhance IFN-gamma yields. Addition of the gonadotropins to the cells after the ionophore gave the greatest degree of enhancement. Perturbation of the calcium messenger system or nonspecific stimulation of adenyl cyclase failed to influence the IFN yield enhancing effect of the gonadotropins. No effect of gonadotropins was observed on IFN bioactivity.