gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Earliest Detection to Date of SARS-CoV-2 in Florida: Identification Together With Influenza Virus on the Main Entry Door of a University Building, February 2020 (2020)

<title>Abstract</title> <italic>Background</italic>Questions persist about patterns of initial dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States in early 2020.<italic>Methods</italic>In February and March, 2020, environmental surface swab samples were collected from the handle of the main entry door of a major university building in Florida, as part of a pilot surveillance project screening for influenza. Samples were taken at the end of regular classroom hours, between the dates of February 1-5 and February 19-March 4, 2020. <italic>Results</italic>Influenza H1N1pdm09 was isolated from the door handle on four of the 19 days sampled. Both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus were detected in the sample collected on February 21, 2020. Based on sequence analysis, the Florida SARS-CoV-2 strain (designated UF-11) was identical to strains being identified in Washington state during the same time period, while the earliest similar sequences were sampled in China/Hubei between Dec 30<sup>th</sup> 2019 and Jan 5<sup>th</sup> 2020. The first human case of COVID-19 was not officially reported in Florida until March 1<sup>st</sup>. In an analysis of sequences from COVID-19 patients in this region of Florida, there was only limited evidence of subsequent dissemination of the UF-11 strain. Identical or highly similar strains, possibly related through a common transmission chain, were detected with increasing frequency in Washington state between end of February and beginning of March. <italic>Conclusions</italic>Our data provide further documentation of the rapid early spread of SARS-CoV-2, and underscore the likelihood that closely related strains were cryptically circulating in multiple U.S. communities before the first “official” cases were recognized.
Magnetically sensitive nanodiamond-doped tellurite glass fibers (2018)

Traditional optical fibers are insensitive to magnetic fields, however many applications would benefit from fiber-based magnetometry devices. In this work, we demonstrate a magnetically sensitive optical fiber by doping nanodiamonds containing nitrogen vacancy centers into tellurite glass fibers. The fabrication process provides a robust and isolated sensing platform as the magnetic sensors are fixed in the tellurite glass matrix. Using optically detected magnetic resonance from the doped nanodiamonds, we demonstrate detection of local magnetic fields via side excitation and longitudinal collection. This is a first step towards intrinsically magneto-sensitive fiber devices with future applications in medical magneto-endoscopy and remote mineral exploration sensing.
Quantum computing enhanced computational catalysis (2021)

The quantum computation of electronic energies can break the curse of dimensionality that plagues manyparticle quantum mechanics. It is for this reason that a universal quantum computer has the potential to fundamentally change computational chemistry and materials science, areas in which strong electron correlations present severe hurdles for traditional electronic structure methods. Here we present a state-of-the-art analysis of accurate energy measurements on a quantum computer for computational catalysis, using improved quantum algorithms with more than an order of magnitude improvement over the best previous algorithms. As a prototypical example of local catalytic chemical reactivity we consider the case of a ruthenium catalyst that can bind, activate, and transform carbon dioxide to the high-value chemical methanol. We aim at accurate resource estimates for the quantum computing steps required for assessing the electronic energy of key intermediates and transition states of its catalytic cycle. In particular, we present quantum algorithms for double-factorized representations of the four-index integrals that can significantly reduce the computational cost over previous algorithms, and we discuss the challenges of increasing active space sizes to accurately deal with dynamical correlations. We address the requirements for future quantum hardware in order to make a universal quantum computer a successful and reliable tool for quantum computing enhanced computational materials science and chemistry, and identify open questions for further research.
Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam after intramuscular and oral administration of a single dose to American flamingos (Phoenicopertus ruber) (2017)

OBJECTIVE To determine pharmacokinetics after IM and oral administration of a single dose of meloxicam to American flamingos (Phoenicopertus ruber). ANIMALS 14 adult flamingos. PROCEDURES Flamingos were allocated to 2 groups. Each group received a dose of meloxicam (1 mg/kg) by the IM or oral route. After a 4-week washout period, groups received meloxicam via the other route of administration. Plasma meloxicam concentrations were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. Data for each bird were analyzed. Estimated values of selected pharmacokinetic parameters were compared by use of a linear mixed-effects ANOVA. Pooled concentration-time profiles for each route of administration were analyzed to examine the influence of body weight on pharmacokinetics. RESULTS Mean ± SD maximum plasma concentration was 1.00 ± 0.88 μg/mL after oral administration. This was approximately 15% of the mean maximum plasma concentration of 5.50 ± 2.86 μg/mL after IM administration. Mean time to maximum plasma concentration was 1.33 ± 1.32 hours after oral administration and 0.28 ± 0.17 hours after IM administration. Mean half-life of the terminal phase after oral administration (3.83 ± 2.64 hours) was approximately twice that after IM administration (1.83 ± 1.22 hours). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that the extent and rate of meloxicam absorption were less after oral administration than after IM administration. Intramuscular administration resulted in a short period during which mean plasma concentrations met or exceeded reported efficacious analgesic concentrations in other species, whereas oral administration did not. These results suggested that higher doses may be required for oral administration.
An observability formulation for nonlinear power systems modeled as differential algebraic systems (2005)

Recently the power system industry has witnessed an increase in system automation affecting all aspects of operation and requiring knowledge of system states that are typically provided by system state estimators. Traditionally, if the state estimation problem is solvable, the power system is considered observable. The state estimation problem considers a static model of the power system (static state estimation), represented mathematically by a nonlinear algebraic model, derived from the system measurements, and ignores the nonlinear dynamics of the system. This research presents a case for dynamic state estimation and nonlinear observer-based controllers that are required for advanced system control, by first addressing the problem of qualifying and quantifying system observability for dynamic power systems, and incorporating the ability to track system observability along trajectories of the dynamic system states in time. The formulation is derived from a Differential Algebraic Equation (DAE) model of the power system, accounting for both the nonlinear dynamics and algebraic constraints of the system. Computer simulations outlining the importance and benefits of the new method are presented, emphasizing on three main aspects of the formulation: a) the effects of the power system models, b) the effects of the measurement system, and c) the dimensionality of the observability problem. To illustrate the characteristics of the observability formulation, results were obtained using typical power systems.
Clustering of steady-state correlations in open systems with long-range interactions (2021)

Lieb-Robinson bounds are powerful analytical tools for constraining the dynamic and static properties of non-relativistic quantum systems. Recently, a complete picture for closed systems that evolve unitarily in time has been achieved. In experimental systems, however, interactions with the environment cannot generally be ignored, and the extension of Lieb-Robinson bounds to dissipative systems which evolve non-unitarily in time remains an open challenge. In this work, we prove two Lieb-Robinson bounds that constrain the dynamics of open quantum systems with long-range interactions that decay as a power-law in the distance between particles. Using a combination of these Lieb-Robinson bounds and mixing bounds which arise from "reversibility" -- naturally satisfied for thermal environments -- we prove the clustering of correlations in the steady states of open quantum systems with long-range interactions. Our work provides an initial step towards constraining the steady-state entanglement structure for a broad class of experimental platforms, and we highlight several open directions regarding the application of Lieb-Robinson bounds to dissipative systems.
Studies on purified rheumatoid synovial collagenase in vitro and in vivo (1971)

Rheumatoid synovial collagenase obtained from culture medium can be separated by Sephadex gel filtration into two peaks of enzyme activity. These have been designated as fast-moving and slow-moving rheumatoid synovial collagenases on the basis of their electrophoretic mobility on polyacrylamide gels. The slow-moving rheumatoid synovial collagenase has been highly purified by affinity chromatography on collagen conjugated to Sepharose and used to prepare a monospecific anti-synovial collagenase antiserum. The antiserum against rheumatoid synovial collagenase has permitted the demonstration of immunoreactive collagenase in extracts of rheumatoid synovial tissue that have no detectable enzymatic activity. Collagenase has also been detected immunologically in enzymatically inactive culture medium from the first 24 hr of culture. Recovery of collagenase activity appears to be related to the chromatographic separation of the enzyme from serum antiproteases. The demonstration of collagenase in vivo in rheumatoid synovium adds further support for the concept that the enzyme is present in tissue at levels that are of significance in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, rheumatoid synovial collagenase and human skin collagenase show complete immunologic identity when reacted with monospecific antiserum prepared against either of these purified enzymes, indicating that organ specificity between these two human collagenases is unlikely.
Islet Cell Replacement Therapy for Insulin-Dependent Diabetes (2017)

ViaCyte’s PEC-Direct and PEC-Encap (VC-01) products offer a potential “functional cure” for patients with type 1 diabetes and insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. Using human pancreatic progenitor cells (PEC-01) created in the lab, both the PEC-Direct and the PEC-Encap products are implanted into patients, where they mature into functional pancreatic islet tissue that includes glucose-responsive insulin-producing beta cells. The PEC-Encap product offers the additional benefit of an encapsulation device designed to protect the cells from the immune system. The current evidence is limited to phase I and II human trials evaluating the safety of the PEC-Encap product and pre-clinical study of the PEC-Direct product. There are insufficient data about efficacy in humans, adverse effects, and the length of time the product can remain safely implanted and functional. The future cost of ViaCyte’s products is unknown.
Liquid Ammonia Treatment of Lyocell. (2001)

It is well known that liquid ammonia is effective to improve the hand of cotton fabric and the treatment is carried out practically at present. In this study, we have done liquid ammonia treatment of regenerated cellulose fiber lyocell produced by the solvent spinning with N-methyl morphorine N-oxide. Change of the fiber structure by the treatment was investigated on the basis of the X-ray diffraction, dyeing properties, and KES shearing and bending hystereis characteristics. CelluloseII of the untreated lyocell was partially transformed to CelluloseIIIII by the treatment and crystallinity decreased only a little compared with the untreated. Apparent dyeing rate, diffusion coefficent and saturation dye uptake were decreased a little by the treatment, while hand of the fabric was changed a little to stiffer. From these results, the NH3 treatment of lyocell was not effective for improvement of the hand in comparing with the cotton fabric. Furthermore, polynosic fabric was treated with NH3 and the effect was investingated with X-ray diffraction and dyeing rate.
LEAD PLATING: ANU SLRS UPGRADE (1999)

ANU has adopted MSA chemistry to replate the first SLR in June 1999. This is motivated by the proven success of lead plating at Stony Brook. The entire ANU Linac (10 SLRs at average field of 2 MV/m, lead plated in Oxford) will be replated subsequently. Surface preparation and repair of the crack in electron-beam weld with low temperature solder are described. A lead plating process on samples and on SLRs will be outlined. The composition of impurities stemming from the plating process will be discussed.
STEROIDS. IX. THE DIENONE-PHENOL REARRANGEMENT IN THE CHOLESTEROL SERIES (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTEROIDS. IX. THE DIENONE-PHENOL REARRANGEMENT IN THE CHOLESTEROL SERIESJ. ROMO, CARL DJERASSI, and G. ROSENKRANZCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1950, 15, 4, 896–900Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01150a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01150a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tumor progression, biology, and host response in melanoma (1992)

Malignant melanoma has provided an excellent model system for studying crucial events in human tumor development and progression. Important components discussed here include the independence of melanoma cells from exogenous growth factors due to self-stimulation and the altered adhesive properties and invasive capacity of these cells.
Anti-Leukemic Effect of IMiDs® in AML Involves the Direct Cytotoxicity Effects in Addition to a Biased NK Activation, (2011)

Abstract Abstract 3224 Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD®) that has shown efficacy in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and myelodysplastic syndrome with 5q deletion. This drug has several potential antitumor mechanisms of action, shown in MM (Görgün G et al. Blood. 2010). In addition to its direct anti-MM effect, lenalidomide also stimulates T-cell proliferation, IL-2 and interferon-γ (IFNγ) production (Corral LG et al.J Immunol. 1999), and enhances cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) effector cell activity against MM cells (Davies et al. Blood. 2001). We examined the in vitro antileukemic effects of two IMiDs® (lenalidomide and another derivative of thalidomide, pomalidomide) in AML. We have shown that both lenalidomide and pomalidomide treatment had an effect on two major mechanisms involved in the antileukemic action: on one hand, on the function of effector cells including NK cells, on the other hand, a direct toxic effect on leukemic blasts. First, we have shown that these drugs induced rapid phenotypic modifications of NK cells, independently of other cells or cytokines. Our data favor a transition of these cells towards more immature NK cells (CD56bright phenotype) as indicated by the upregulation of CD56 and the downregulation of KIR and CD57 that are hallmarks of educated and differentiated NK cells. These drugs also modulated activating receptors (NKp30 and NKp46), chemokine receptors (CXCR4) and cytokine receptors (IL7R) by downregulating their expression. Lenalidomide and pomalidomide do not affect other NK cells surface molecules such as activating receptors (NKG2D, DNAM1), adhesion molecules (CD44) and homing receptors (CD62L, CXCR3 and CCR7). Intriguingly, despite downregulation of NKp46 and moderate downregulation of NKp30, NK cells cytotoxicity against leukemia targets was conserved. We also showed that IMiDs® had a direct effect on contact-dependent NK cells functions, independently of cytokines stimulation, inducing a specific undescribed profile CD107+/IFNγ−/TNFα++. This new subset has never been previously identified to our knowledge. Finally, we observed a direct toxicity of IMiDs® on AML blasts that was independent on immune effectors including NK cells. This may be partly due to oxidative stress. Altogether, these data indicate new interesting functions of IMiDs® that are able to modify the differentiation and functional status of the NK cells and act in addition directly on AML blasts. Further studies are needed to develop pre-clinical models as well as the identification of the basis of NK differentiation of this new NK subset. Disclosures: Bateman: Celgene: Employment.
Going the Extra Mile: Giving Middle School Students outside the Classroom Experience (2011)

Four hundred unpaid hours, no options for flex time, and that is for just one of the many events participated in by North Buncombe Middle School. Why on earth would one teacher dedicate all that time with no benefits to one event? The answer: Students enjoy showing livestock and gaining the life experiences that comes with the showing of animals. Middle school agricultural teachers, like our high school counterparts, truly understand the benefits of complete agricultural education students While middle school agricultural programs often do not receive the same level of promotion as high school agricultural programs, middle school agricultural education programs are just as viable in students for potential careers in the agricultural industry. North Buncombe Middle School is located in western North Carolina in the town of Weaverville. While agriculture is a key contributor to the economy, many students in this community do not understand this vital industry. As a middle school agriculture teacher, I have the opportunity to teach every seventh grader and half of the eighth graders through a six week student rotation. As a teacher, one must be creative to provide a successful educational experience to thirty students who have different opinions and perceptions of agriculture. The key to overcoming these challenges is to get students involved with a positive educational experience. Through classroom activities, I promote FFA in hopes that students will join and take advantage of these positive experiences eventually developing their potential for premier leadership, personal growth, and career success. The main goal of this article is to share some of the out-of -classroom experiences that are offered through the North Buncombe Middle School FFA Chapter. Through service projects, FFA allows students to become leaders in the community as well as the classroom. One program that we participated in is an Apple Gleaning project with the North Carolina Farm Bureau Young Farmer and Rancher program and the Society of St. Andrew. This fall, North Buncombe Middle FFA members picked 110 bushels equaling approximately 6,000 pounds. The service project allowed students to see what hard work produced. They were able to complete a service for others and to gain valuable leadership skills that they will remember and share in their community. The service project was also educational; while in the apple orchard students also observed a combine picking corn and had an opportunity to learn about corn production as well as the many uses of corn. One of our major chapter FFA events is livestock showing, including the showing of: market lambs, meat goats, breeding ewes, heifers, and pigs. If students do not have a place to keep their animal, they are allowed to raise the animals on my farm. After raising the animals and preparing them for show, the students show the animals at many local, regional and state-wide fairs and events. …
Dead sea salt solution: composition, lack of cytotoxicity and in vitro efficacy against oral leukotoxins, endotoxins and glucan sucrose (2022)

Introduction: Dead Sea Salt, rich in minerals and ionic compositions and low in Sodium Chloride (NaCl) has many reported unique properties that set it apart from other salts. Objectives: To evaluate the composition of Dead Sea Salt and assess its in vitro cytotoxicity, and efficacy against oral bacterial leukotoxins, oral endotoxins and oral glucan sucrase. Methods: The cytotoxicity was evaluated in an established cell line (solution at 5000 µg/mL of culture medium) using positive and negative control groups. The effect on oral bacterial leukotoxin (LtxA) and different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and glucan sucrase was established at 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 hours using the HPLC method (high-performance liquid chromatography). Results: The most predominant elements detected were the water of crystallization (H2O, water that is found in the crystalline framework of salt and which is not directly bonded), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), bromide (Br -) and sulfates (SO4). in vitro, Dead Sea Salt presented no cytotoxicity and was highly effective against leukotoxin, endotoxin, and glucan sucrase enzyme. Conclusion and clinical significance: We believe that rinsing with Dead Sea Salt has the potential to contribute to the prevention of periodontal, peri-implant and dental disease and merits clinical research.
Practical PTZ camera calibration using Givens rotations (2008)

Due to their ease of use and availability, pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras are everywhere. However, in order to utilize these cameras for a meaningful application, it is necessary that these cameras be calibrated. In this paper, we address the problem of calibrating such a rotating and zooming camera and present a simple yet novel solution. We show that in the case of a general rotation the problem can be solved in closed- form by applying a series of Givens rotations, providing five intrinsic parameters from only a minimum set of two images. Whereas other methods use orthogonality of the rotation matrix as a constraint, our approach applies direct decomposition of the infinite homography As a result, we are able to obtain four constraints for estimating camera parameters. We rigourously test our method on synthetic data by introducing very large noise. We also compare our method with the state- of-the-art PTZ camera calibration method. Our solutions and analysis are thoroughly validated on both synthetic and real data.