gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pro-Poor Growth: The Asian Experience (2008)

The basic idea of globalization is that it moves resources from less productive uses to more productive ones, thus enhancing economic growth by utilizing comparative advantage, which is endowed differently from one country to another. Similarly, some are in favour of globalization because many economies have achieved unprecedented material progress, contributing significantly to a reduction in global poverty. However, a recent study by Kakwani and Son (2007) has shown that the current process of globalization is generating unbalanced outcomes; many countries and people are left out of the benefits of globalization. Kakwani and Son’s cross-country study of eighty countries during the period of 1984–2001 revealed that, out of 237 growth spells, 106 (44.7 per cent) had negative growth rates and 131 (55.3 per cent) positive growth ones.1 Of 131 spells when growth rates were positive, growth was pro-poor in 55 (23.2 per cent) cases and anti-poor in 76 (32.1 per cent) cases. In 53 out of 106 spells of negative growth rates, the poor suffered a proportionally greater decline in their consumption compared to the non-poor. For a rapid reduction in poverty, a country needs to achieve positive growth rates that are pro-poor. According to these results, this does not seem to be happening globally.
van der Waals interactions are critical in Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations of porphyrin–fullerene dyads (2015)

The interplay between electrostatic and van der Waals (vdW) interactions in porphyrin-C60 dyads is still under debate despite its importance in influencing the structural characteristics of such complexes considered for various applications in molecular photovoltaics. In this article, we sample the conformational space of a porphyrin-C60 dyad using Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations with and without empirical vdW corrections. Long-range vdW interactions, which are poorly described by the commonly used density functional theory functionals, prove to be essential for a proper dynamics of the dyad moieties. Inclusion of vdW corrections brings porphyrin and C60 close together in an orientation that is in agreement with experimental observations. The structural differences arising from the vdW corrections are shown to be significant for several properties and potentially less important for others. Additionally, our Mulliken population analysis reveals that contrary to the common belief, porphyrin is not the primary electron donating moiety for C60 . In the considered dyad, fullerene's affinity for electrons is primarily satisfied by charge transfer from the amide group of the linker. However, we show that in the absence of another suitable bound donor, C60 can withdraw electrons from porphyrin if it is sufficiently close.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,3‐Dinitroazetidine from 1‐tert‐Butyl‐3,3‐ dinitroazetidine. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Correlating the ability of VP24 protein from Ebola and Marburg viruses to bind human karyopherin to their immune suppression mechanism and pathogenicity using computational methods (2014)

<ns4:p> Immune response suppression is crucial for viral invasion. The protein VP24 is pivotal in achieving this in Ebola, although interestingly the mechanism of immune suppression is different in the closely related Marburg virus. Here, we illustrate that a possible molecular basis for this difference emanates from two alpha helical structures ( <ns4:italic>α</ns4:italic> 5 and <ns4:italic>α</ns4:italic> 6) in VP24 involved in binding human karyopherin (KPNA) (PDBid:4U2X), wherein the Ebola and Marburg viruses have distinctly different charged properties in <ns4:italic>α</ns4:italic> 5. <ns4:italic>α</ns4:italic> 6 is absent in Marburg, and has a different hydrophobic moment in the Reston Ebola (REBOV) species, which is surprisingly non-pathogenic in humans. Based on the hypothesis that REBOV is not immunosuppressive, which is in turn is due to its inability to bind KPNA, we show by docking KPNA to the REBOV VP24 that the single amino acid substitution R140S is responsible for this difference between REBOV and Zaire Ebola strains. Such a scenario of getting a virulent REBOV through a single mutation is particularly worrisome, since the REBOV, once found only in monkeys, has been recently detected in pigs. We also reiterate the potential of using these helices as potential epitopes for generating protective antibodies against Ebola. </ns4:p>
maj-$n$ Logic Synthesis for Emerging Technology (2019)

In general, existing logic synthesis methods for majority logic are limited to 3-input gates (maj-3). However, since majority gates with larger fan-in have been proposed for different emerging nanotechnologies, it has become important to consider such gates in the synthesis process. This paper proposes a novel majority logic synthesis flow where the gates can have an arbitrary number of inputs. The proposed approach is based on the relationship between majority and threshold logic functions. The proposed methods obtain an average reduction of 10% on the number of nodes when compared to a previous work that uses both maj-3 and maj-5 gates. When compared to the previous maj-3 synthesis, the average reduction on number of nodes is 14%.
Compatibility of a G3PLC telecom solution on a three-phase 230 V network (2017)

ORES has made the choice to use G3-PLC communication for its smart metering infrastructure. As G3-PLC hardware has been designed for five wires 400 V grids one difficulty for ORES is the existing ‘three-phase 230 V’ grids. The problem is that the Linky G3-PLC data concentrator has not been designed for this type of low-voltage network. The chosen strategy is to adapt existing Linky equipment without modifying the existing hardware design for smart metering infrastructure in order to have a robust G3-PLC communication solution on a three-phase network. The objective of this research is to compare different solutions for the data concentrator connections, in order to identify the best communication performances scenario.
A General Approach to Network Configuration Verification (2017)

We present Minesweeper, a tool to verify that a network satisfies a wide range of intended properties such as reachability or isolation among nodes, waypointing, black holes, bounded path length, load-balancing, functional equivalence of two routers, and fault-tolerance. Minesweeper translates network configuration files into a logical formula that captures the stable states to which the network forwarding will converge as a result of interactions between routing protocols such as OSPF, BGP and static routes. It then combines the formula with constraints that describe the intended property. If the combined formula is satisfiable, there exists a stable state of the network in which the property does not hold. Otherwise, no stable state (if any) violates the property. We used Minesweeper to check four properties of 152 real networks from a large cloud provider. We found 120 violations, some of which are potentially serious security vulnerabilities. We also evaluated Minesweeper on synthetic benchmarks, and found that it can verify rich properties for networks with hundreds of routers in under five minutes. This performance is due to a suite of model-slicing and hoisting optimizations that we developed, which reduce runtime by over 460x for large networks.
Dependence of the Properties of Dihydroindenofluorene Derivatives on Positional Isomerism: Influence of the Ring Bridging (2013)

Taking pole position: The relative position of the ring bridging has a unique and remarkable effect on the spectroscopic properties of dihydroindeno[1,2-a]/ [2,1-b]fluorenes (see picture). These blue-emitting positional isomers have been successfully used as the emitting layer in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), with performance among the highest reported for dihydroindenofluorene-based OLEDs.
Comparison of CT Urography and Excretory Urography in the Detection and Localization of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract (2011)

CT urography was more accurate than excretory urography in the detection and localization of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma and should be considered as the initial examination for the evaluation of patients at high risk for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.
A 15‐Month Evaluation of the Effects of Repeated Subgingival Minocycline in Chronic Adult Periodontitis (1999)

Overall, the results demonstrate that repeated subgingival administration of minocycline ointment in the treatment of adult periodontitis is safe and leads to significant adjunctive improvement after subgingival instrumentation in both clinical and microbiologic variables over a 15-month period.
Kentucky Bluegrass Shade Cultivar Trial (2021)

This is the third full year data from Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) growing in natural shade conditions. This is a National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) ancillary trial, and is being conducted at only Iowa State University, Horticulture Research Station, Ames, Iowa. It contains 89 seeded cultivars, including a number of new experimental cultivars. Iowa State University is home to both a sun and shade setting of this trial.
Treatment of postmenopausal vaginal atrophy with 10-µg estradiol vaginal tablets (2012)

Postmenopausal estrogen deficiency can lead to symptoms of urogenital atrophy. Individuals with urogenital atrophy have symptoms that include vaginal dryness, vaginal and vulval irritation, vaginal soreness, pain and burning during urination (dysuria), increased vaginal discharge, vaginal odour, vaginal infections, recurrent urinary tract infections, pain associated with sexual activity (dyspareunia) and vaginal bleeding associated with sexual activity. Despite the frequency and effects of vaginal atrophy symptoms, they are often under-reported and, consequently, under-treated. Therefore, care of a menopausal woman should include a physical assessment of vaginal atrophy and a dialogue between the physician and the patient that explores existing symptoms and their effect on vulvovaginal health, sexuality and quality-of-life issues. The development of the ultra-low-dose 10-µg estradiol vaginal tablets is in line with the requirements of regulatory agencies and women's health societies regarding the use of the lowest effective hormonal dose. Because of its effectiveness and safety profiles, in addition to its minimal systemic absorption, the 10-µg estradiol vaginal tablet can offer greater reassurance to health-care providers and postmenopausal women with an annual estradiol administration of only 1.14 mg.
A 100-mW 4/spl times/10 Gb/s transceiver in 80-nm CMOS for high-density optical interconnects (2005)

This paper describes a quad optical transceiver for low-power high-density short-distance optical data communication. Each channel transmits 10 Gb/s over a multimode (MM) fiber and features a link margin of 5.2 dB at a bit error rate (BER) of 10/sup -12/. The transmit and receive amplifying circuits are implemented in an 80-nm digital CMOS process. Each driver consumes 2 mW from a 0.8-V supply, and each vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) requires 7 mA from a 2.4-V supply. The receiver excluding the output buffer consumes 6 mW from a 1.1-V supply per channel and achieves a transimpedance gain of 80.1 dB/spl Omega/. The isolation to the neighboring channels is >30dB including the bond wires and optical components. A detailed link budget analysis takes the relevant system impairments as losses and power penalties into account, derives the specifications for the electrical circuits, and accurately predicts the link performance. This work presents the highest serial data rate for CMOS transceiver arrays and the lowest power consumption per data rate reported to date.
Next Generation Safe Delivery Source® (SDS4®) Dopant Material Storage and Delivery Package (2018)

The Entegris Safe Delivery Source (SDS) package has been the leader in providing subatmospheric specialty gas storage and delivery for ion implant dopant materials since its inception more than twenty years ago. As semiconductor devices advance, increased demands are placed on the purity, productivity, and safety of electronic gases. SDS4, the fourth generation of the SDS product line is designed to address these increasingly stringent demands. This paper presents key advancements in adsorbent-based packages for storing, handling, and delivering semiconductor dopant gases. Desirable characteristics and properties of adsorbents for use in this application are reviewed. The screening methodology and performance of various carbon and metal organic framework (MOF) adsorbents are evaluated against these characteristics. Further discussion is included on the testing, design, and selection of cylinder features to continuously improve the SDS product line, making SDS4 the safest and highest performing subatmospheric storage and delivery package to-date. Final product performance is demonstrated and verified through beamline ion implantation tool data.
Suppression of blastogenesis and proliferation of activated CD4+ T cells: intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg)versusnovel anti-human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-E monoclonal antibodies mimicking HLA-I reactivity of IVIg (2014)

Activated CD4(+) T cells undergo blastogenesis and proliferation and they express several surface receptors, including β2-microglobulin-free human leucocyte antigen (HLA) heavy chains (open conformers). Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) suppresses activated T cells, but the mechanism is unclear. IVIg reacts with HLA-Ia/Ib antigens but its reactivity is lost when the anti-HLA-E Ab is adsorbed out. Anti-HLA-E antibodies may bind to the peptides shared by HLA-E and the HLA-I alleles. These shared peptides are cryptic in intact HLA, but exposed in open conformers. The hypothesis that anti-HLA-E monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that mimic HLA-I reactivity of IVIg may suppress activated T cells by binding to the shared peptides of the open conformers on the T cell surface was tested by examining the relative binding affinity of those mAbs for open conformers coated on regular beads and for intact HLA coated on iBeads, and by comparing the effects on the suppression of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-activated T cells of three entities: IVIg, anti-HLA-E mAbs that mimic IVIg [Terasaki Foundation Laboratory (TFL)-006 and (TFL)-007]; and anti-HLA-E antibodies that do not mimic IVIg (TFL-033 and TFL-037). Suppression of blastogenesis and proliferation of those T cells by both IVIg and the anti-HLA-E mAbs was dose-dependent, the dose required with mAbs 50-150-fold lower than with IVIg. TFL-006 and TFL-007 significantly suppressed blastogenesis and proliferation of activated CD4(+) T cells, but neither the non-IVIg-mimicking mAbs nor control antibodies did so. The suppression may be mediated by Fab-binding of TFL-006/TFL-007 to the exposed shared peptides. The mAb binding to the open conformer may signal T cell deactivation because the open conformers have an elongated cytoplasmic tail with phosphorylation sites (tryosine(320)/serine(335)).
A modified Izhikevich model for circuit implementation of spiking neural networks (2010)

The Izhikevich neuron model reproduces the spiking and bursting behaviour of certain types of cortical neurons. This model has a second order non-linearity that makes it difficult to implement in hardware. We propose a simplified version of the model that has a piecewise-linear relationship. This modification simplifies the hardware implementation but demonstrates similar dynamic behaviour.
Chemiluminescent determination of clinically important organic reductants (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemiluminescent determination of clinically important organic reductantsRobert L. Veazey and Timothy A. NiemanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 13, 2092–2096Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50049a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50049a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microwave Fusion of the Composite LiMn1.6Ni0.4O4-LiFePO4 /C to Improve the Stability of Spinel Phase (2020)

Lithium-ion batteries are a promissory technology for energy storage devices in electric vehicles and renewable energy generation systems. Lithium nickel manganese oxides (LMNO, spinel structure) are promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of their high potential (4.7V vs. Li/Li + , 147 mAhg -1 ), moderate thermal stability and environmental friendliness. However, their chemical stability and electronic conductivity needs to be improved for practical applications. The microwave fusion of composite material LiMn1.6Ni0.4 (LMNO, spinel) coated with LiFePO 4 /C (LFP, olivine structure) is studied in order improve the stability of active material without reducing the active sites for lithium intercalation. Synchrotron diffractions shows superior crystallographic order and no further impurities precipitation for the composite material heated at 10W (see Figure 1). Electrochemical characterizations shows high cycled stability for LMNO-2LFP/C heated at 10W (97% after 100 th cycles) (see Figure 2). The composite materials heated at 100W presents lower discharge capacity due to the changes in the lattice parameters and impurities precipitation during microwave heating. Sincrotron diffraction after 60 th cycle in composite material heated at 10W shows the same lattice parameters for spinel phase and the reductions of lattice parameters for olivine structure in “b” direction. Figure 1
Synthesis of Copoly(aryl ether ether nitrile)s Containing Sulfonic Acid Groups for PEM Application (2005)

Wholly aromatic poly(aryl ether ether nitrile)s containing sulfonic acid groups (SPAEEN)s, intended for fuel cells applications as proton conducting membrane materials, were first prepared via nucleophilic substitution polycondensation reactions. SPAEEN copolymers were synthesized by potassium carbonate-mediated nucleophilic polycondensation reactions of commercially available monomers: 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile (2,6-DFBN), potassium 2,5-dihydroxybenzenesulfonate (sulfonated hydroquinone SHQ), and a third monomer 4,4‘-biphenol or hydroquinone in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) at 160 °C. The sulfonic acid group content (SC), expressed as a number per repeat unit of polymer, ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 and was obtained by changing the feed ratio of SHQ to the unsulfonated bisphenol. Membrane films in potassium salt and acid forms were obtained by casting N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solution of SPAEEN copolymers, followed by immersing in 2 N sulfuric acid at room temperature. FT-IR confirmed the structure of polymer in both salt and acid forms. NMR was used to determine the obtained SC values of the SPAEEN series. Glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of SPAEEN copolymers (potassium form) determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) ranged from 308 to 371 °C. Decomposition temperatures (Tds) of SPAEEN were around 300 °C for acid form and over 400 °C for potassium form. Water uptake and swelling ratio values increased with SC and temperature. All SPAEENH copolymers were mechanically stronger than Nafion117 and exhibited a reasonable flexibility. The proton conductivities of acid form membrane at different SC values were close to or higher than that of Nafion117 and reached 10-1 S/cm. The best compromise on PEM mechanical strength, water swelling, and proton conductivity was achieved at SC ranging from 0.5 to 0.7.
Presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in esophagus and its association with the clinicopathological characteristics and survival in patients with esophageal cancer (2016)

These findings demonstrate for the first time that P. gingivalis infects the epithelium of the esophagus of ESCC patients, establish an association between infection with P. gingivalis and the progression of ESCC, and suggest P. gingivalis infection could be a biomarker for this disease. More importantly, these data, if confirmed, indicate that eradication of a common oral pathogen could potentially contribute to a reduction in the overall ESCC burden.
Crystals of the complex between recombinant N-acetyleglin c and subtilisin. A preliminary characterization. (1985)

The complex between recombinant N-acetyleglin c and subtilisin has been crystallized into a triclinic cell. The cell constants are a = 38.3 A, b = 41.5 A, c = 56.6 A, alpha = 110.6 degrees, beta = 83.8 degrees, and gamma = 104.7 degrees. The crystals diffract to better than 2.3-A resolution and are large enough for data collection. The crystallization conditions and general crystal data are presented.
Disulfiram is a direct and potent inhibitor of human O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in brain tumor cells and mouse brain and markedly increases the alkylating DNA damage (2013)

The alcohol aversion drug disulfiram (DSF) reacts and conjugates with the protein-bound nucleophilic cysteines and is known to elicit anticancer effects alone or improve the efficacy of many cancer drugs. We investigated the effects of DSF on human O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA repair protein and chemotherapy target that removes the mutagenic O(6)-akyl groups from guanines, and thus confers resistance to alkylating agents in brain tumors. We used DSF, copper-chelated DSF or CuCl2-DSF combination and found that all treatments inhibited the MGMT activity in two brain tumor cell lines in a rapid and dose-dependent manner. The drug treatments resulted in the loss of MGMT protein from tumor cells through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Evidence showed that Cys145, a reactive cysteine, critical for DNA repair was the sole site of DSF modification in the MGMT protein. DSF was a weaker inhibitor of MGMT, compared with the established O(6)-benzylguanine; nevertheless, the 24-36h suppression of MGMT activity in cell cultures vastly increased the alkylation-induced DNA interstrand cross-linking, G2/M cell cycle blockade, cytotoxicity and the levels of apoptotic markers. Normal mice treated with DSF showed significantly attenuated levels of MGMT activity and protein in the liver and brain tissues. In nude mice bearing T98 glioblastoma xenografts, there was a preferential inhibition of tumor MGMT. Our studies demonstrate a strong and direct inhibition of MGMT by DSF and support the repurposing of this brain penetrating drug for glioma therapy. The findings also imply an increased risk for alkylation damage in alcoholic patients taking DSF.