gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic transport in dopedSrTiO3: Conduction mechanisms and potential applications (2010)

Resistivity, Hall effect, and magnetoresistance are reported on a large set of semiconducting ${\text{SrTiO}}_{3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ single crystals doped $n$-type (by reduction or Nb substitution) over a broad range of carrier density (the ${10}^{15}$ to mid ${10}^{20}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ range). Temperature-independent carrier densities, strongly temperature-dependent mobilities (up to $22\text{ }000\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{2}\text{ }{\text{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }{\text{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 4.2 K), and a remarkably low critical carrier density for the metal-insulator transition are observed, and interpreted in terms of the known quantum paraelectricity of the host. We argue that an unusual, high mobility, low density, metallic state is thus established at carrier densities at least as low as $8.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, in contrast to some prior conclusions. At low temperatures, the temperature dependence of the mobility and resistivity exhibit a nonmonotonic carrier density dependence and an abrupt change in character near $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{16}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, indicating a distinct crossover in conduction mechanism, perhaps associated with a transition from impurity-band to conduction-band transport. The results provide a simple framework for the understanding of the global transport behavior of doped ${\text{SrTiO}}_{3}$. Finally, it is proposed that the large residual resistivity ratios $(&gt;3000)$, and large, temperature independent, Hall coefficients $(&gt;1700\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{3}\text{ }{\text{C}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$, demonstrate considerable potential for high-sensitivity resistive thermometry and Hall sensing applications.
Hybrid fiber radio for second and third generation wireless systems (2003)

The use of hybrid fiber radio (HFR) access technology for 2/sup nd/ and 3/sup rd/ generation radio systems, namely GSM and UMTS is discussed. Dynamic range and maximum output power are shown to be two important criteria for implementing cellular HFR, such that these are evaluated and operational bounds established.
Electro-Optical Properties of LCD Doped with Nanoparticles and with Optical Compensators: Ways for Fast Response (2014)

This paper consists of two Parts. In the Part 1, we report the experimental results and considerations of the reduction of operation voltage and response time of narrow-gap TN(NTN)-LCDs embedded with the nanoparticles of hydrophobic Aerosil silica. While, in the Part 2, we give a report of the reduction of response time, especially τoff for the decay process of optically compensated tunable birefringence (OCTB)-mode LCD.
Factors Affecting the Stability of Proppant in Propped Fractures: Results of a Laboratory Study (1992)

ABSTRACT Factors controlling the stability of proppant in propped fractures were identified and investigated experimentally. The results indicate that the absolute size, distribution and type of proppant may affect stability, and hence the likelihood of proppant flowback. The extent of aTbedment of the proppant into the rock (determined by closure stress and rock hardness) was found to play a key role in stabilising the pack. In addition, channels, which may form due to proppant settling before fracture closure, were found to significantly reduce stability. These are, therefore, favourable sites for proppant flowback. A numerical study has been used to determine lengths of unpropped fractures which may be maintained open due to the rock stiffness. The implications of these results for well productivity and the understood mechanisms of proppant flowback, in the field, are discussed.
A New Polymerization System for Bicyclic Acetals:  Toward the Controlled/“Living” Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of 6,8-Dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (1999)

The bicyclic acetal 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 6,8-DBO, was polymerized in toluene solvent using 1-chloroethyl isobutyl ether as the initiator and zinc iodide as the activator. Initiation of the polymerization proceeded by Lewis acid promoted ionization of 1-chloroethyl isobutyl ether to oxacarbenium ions that subsequently added to 6,8-DBO. The molecular weight control of the polymerization increased with decreasing temperature. For polymerizations conducted at −16 °C the number-averaged molecular weights (Mn) of the polymer as a function of conversion correlated most closely with the expected values (DPn = ([6,8-DBO]0−[6,8-DBO]t/[1-chloroethyl isobutyl ether]0), and the molecular weight distributions averaged Mw/Mn ∼ 1.3. The cationic ring-opening polymerization of 6,8-DBO using 1-chloroethyl isobutyl ether/zinc iodide at −16 °C, therefore, can be considered a controlled polymerization.
Potent anti-tumour activity of a novel conditionally replicating adenovirus for melanoma via inhibition of migration and invasion (2014)

This strategy holds promising potential for the further development of an effective approach to treat malignant melanoma.
Evaluation of hybrid error control systems (1984)

In the paper, the performances of hybrid as well as of ARQ and FEC systems are evaluated by simulation generating error statistics corresponding to a case of data transmission over local switched telephone lines. The channel model was based on finite time renewal processes. The criteria for a hybrid system with convolution codes were specially developed. The results show that, for simulated channel, characterised by dense bursts and many random errors in between, hybrid systems based on convolutional codes can improve the reliability considerably.
Effects of pulsed inhaled nitric oxide on arterial oxygenation during mechanical ventilation in anaesthetised horses undergoing elective arthroscopy or emergency colic surgery (2019)

The combination of mechanical ventilation and PiNO improved pulmonary gas exchange during anaesthesia by a simultaneous decrease in F-shunt and improved alveolar ventilation.
ChemInform Abstract: Monofunctional Chiral Crowns. Part 1. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The protective immune response produced in dogs after primary vaccination with the LiESP/QA-21 vaccine (CaniLeish®) remains effective against an experimental challenge one year later (2014)

Control of canine leishmaniasis is an important objective for the benefit of dogs living in or visiting endemic areas and for public health because of the zoonotic nature of this disease. Resistance or susceptibility to developing canine leishmaniasis after exposure to Leishmania infantum is primarily determined by the ability of the immune system to develop an appropriate Th1-dominated specific response to the parasite. For this reason there is a need for effective canine vaccines that can decrease the number of dogs developing progressive infections. In this study, we followed the impact of the LiESP/QA-21 canine vaccine (composed of excreted-secreted proteins of L. infantum and the QA-21 saponin adjuvant), recently launched commercially in Europe, on selected humoral and cellular immune parameters following an infectious intravenous challenge with L. infantum promastigotes administered one year after the primary vaccine course. We also followed parasitological parameters to determine the parasitological status of the challenged dogs. In contrast to controls, vaccinated dogs retained significantly stronger cell-mediated immune responses against the parasite despite a virulent challenge and had significantly lower mean parasite burdens at the end of the study, associated with a lower probability of developing active infections. These results confirm that the immune responses generated by vaccination with LiESP/QA-21 are still effective against an intravenous challenge one year after the primary vaccine course.
Advance in digital speckle correlation method and its applications (2013)

Digital speckle correlation(DSCM) is a noncontact measuring method for displacements and strains,which obtains the mechanical properties of an object by calculating the gray information correlation of the object images before and after deformations.The method has been applied successfully in mechanical measurements in the past twenty years.This paper introduces the developing states of the DSCM and gives application examples.Some new technologies involved in the DSCM are reviewed,such as genetic algorithm,neural networks and wavelet transform.Finally,it points out that DSCM research will focus on improving measuring accuracy and image processing speeds in the future,including improving speckle image quality and researching higher effective algorithms.
Variable-length category-based n-grams for language modelling (1995)

This report concerns the theoretical development and subsequent evaluation of n-gram language models based on word categories. In particular, part-of-speech word classifications have been employed as a means of incorporating significant amounts of a-priori grammatical information into the model. The utilisation of categories diminishes the problem of data sparseness which plagues conventional word-based n-gram approaches, and therefore yields a fundamentally more compact model. Furthermore, it allows the use of larger n, and a strategy by means of which successively longer n-grams are selectively added to the model according to a cross-validation likelihood criterion is proposed. This enables the model compactness to be maintained while allowing longer range effects to be modelled where they benefit performance. The language modelling approach was applied to the LOB corpus in order to assess its effectiveness. When compared with models of corresponding complexity constructed according...
Heterocyclic Systems Containing Tin(IV). 10. Control of Three-Center Interactions X.cntdot. .cntdot. .cntdot.Sn-Hal in Stannocanes by Halide Type (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterocyclic Systems Containing Tin(IV). 10. Control of Three-Center Interactions X.cntdot. .cntdot. .cntdot.Sn-Hal in Stannocanes by Halide TypeUte Kolb, Mike Beuter, and Martin DraegerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 20, 4522–4530Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00098a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00098a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Prevalence of Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Children: The Relationship between Asthma and Skin Reactivity to Allergens in Two Communities (1986)

A coastal population mainly reactive to house dust mite was compared with an inland population mainly reactive to other allergens to investigate whether exposure to house dust mite plays a part in initiating childhood asthma. Respiratory symptoms, asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, hay fever and atopy were all more common in the dry inland area than in the humid coastal area. In both areas 38% of children were atopic. Coastal children had more skin reactivity to house dust mites and inland children were more reactive to grass pollen extracts. The findings suggest that the clinical presentation of asthma may be related more to the total burden of aeroallergens than to exposure to a particular allergen.
Fluorescence and Kinetic Analysis of the SpoIIAB Phosphorylation Reaction, a Key Regulator of Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis (2004)

Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis provides a valuable model system for studying differential gene expression. The anti-sigma factor SpoIIAB is a bifunctional protein, responsible for regulating the activity of the first sporulation-specific sigma factor, sigma(F). SpoIIAB can either bind to (and thus inhibit) sigma(F) or phosphorylate the anti-anti-sigma factor SpoIIAA. The phosphorylation reaction follows an unusual time course in which a pre-steady-state phase is succeeded by a slower steady-state phase. Previous experiments have shown that in the steady-state phase SpoIIAB is unable to inhibit sigma(F). A fluorescent derivative of SpoIIAB (AB-F97W) was made that was indistinguishable from the wild type in its interactions with SpoIIAA and sigma(F). AB-F97W exhibited distinctive changes in its fluorescence intensity when bound to ATP, ADP, or SpoIIAA. By following changes in the fluorescence properties of AB-F97W during the phosphorylation reaction, we confirmed a previous hypothesis that during the steady-state phase the predominant species are SpoIIAA.SpoIIAB.ADP complexes. The formation of these complexes is responsible for the slowing of the reaction, an important feature during sporulation since it reduces the loss of ATP in the nutrient-deprived cell. We also show that, to form a complex with SpoIIAA and ADP during the reaction, SpoIIAB must undergo a change in state which increases its affinity for ADP, and that this change in state is stimulated by its interaction with SpoIIAA. We derive a model of the reaction using previously determined kinetic and binding constants, and relate these findings to the known structure of SpoIIAB.
Urban Governance in Europe: What is Governed? (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Government of European Cities What is Governed? Territories of Urban Governance: Uncertain Metropolitan Governments References
Amyloid precursor protein, lipofuscin accumulation and expression of autophagy markers in aged bovine brain (2017)

These data suggest that, in aged bovine, autophagy is significantly impaired if compared to young animals and they confirm that intraneuronal APP deposition increases with age.
Losses of atrazine, metolachlor, prosulfuron and triasulfuron in subsurface drain water. I. Field results (2002)

The objective of this experiment was to estimate field-scale losses of metolachlor, prosulfuron, triasulfuron, atrazine and two of its metabolites (deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine) in subsurface drain water of two experimental sites located in the Po Valley (Italy), from April 1996 to March 1999. Atrazine and metolachlor concentrations in drain water of the two experimental sites showed similar patterns. However, different concentrations were observed. In the Cadriano silty loam, concentration peaks of 20.6 and 18.2 μg·L-1, respectively, for atrazine and metolachlor, were observed. In the Carpi silty clay, higher concentrations were observed (atrazine: 127.0 μg·L-1, metolachlor: 180.0 μg·L-1). The results obtained suggest an involvement of preferential flow in the overall transport of the four herbicides in the soil. Estimated losses of atrazine, metolachlor, prosulfuron and triasulfuron in subsurface drain water were respectively 0.27, 0.61, 2.3 and 0.73% of the applied rate in Cadriano, and 2.14, 1.14, 10.6 and 0.07% of the applied rate in Carpi.
Cardiac MRI and pulmonary hypertension-the pressure is on! (2014)

Methods Subjects were eligible for entry if they had documented PAH as defined by WHO Criteria and were referred for a clinically indicated CMR exam where routine 3D metrics and LGE were performed. All images were retrospectively reviewed. The data collected as follows: right and left ventricular RV/LV EDVI and ESVI; RVEF and LVEF; RV anterior and inferior hinge point angle measurements (systole and diastole); LV diameters to determine eccentricity index in diastole and systole; RV hinge point LGE and right heart catheterization: RV and pulmonary arterial (PA) pressures. The hinge point angles were measured at the level of the head of the papillary muscles in the short axis. LGE was determined on the SA LGE images as not present, mild, moderate or severe (zero, 1, 2 or 3). All were related to right heart derived pressures. All patients were analyzed using IBM Statistical Package, PASW, version 18 (Formally SPSS).
Factors affecting microcin E492 production. (1985)

The production of the antibiotic polypeptide microcin E492 by Klebsiella pneumoniae RYC492 has been studied in respect to the composition of the culture medium. The nature of both the carbon and nitrogen sources had a dramatic effect on the levels of the microcin detected in the supernants of the liquid cultures. Gluconeogenic precursors such as lactate or citrate led to microcin titers 10 to 100 fold higher than those obtained with glucose. However, neither glycerol nor cAMP stimulated the production, ruling out a typical type of catabolic repression by glucose. Limitation of growth by phosphate or nitrogen led to a marked decrease in production. Treatment with mitomycin C did not result in an enhancement of microcin levels.
202 Developing stem cell-based models of foam cell formation to study new pathways of lipid clearance that regulate inflammation (2021)

<h3></h3> Foam cells play a critical role in driving atherosclerotic plaque formation and contribute to chronic inflammatory events within the arterial wall. These monocyte-derived cells are characterised by the excessive accumulation of oxidised low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) that are stored within lipid droplets. We have generated an in vitro model of foam cell formation from primary human monocytes and are able to detect lipid assimilation via flow cytometry and immunofluorescence imaging techniques. We have previously shown that foam cell formation can be inhibited in the presence of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This inhibitory action of EPA was linked to autophagy, with similar inhibition observed in the presence of triciribine, a known autophagy inducer. We aim to further investigate this by generating a genetically tractable stem cell-based model of foam cell formation that will enable genetic modifications of key autophagic pathway genes. We will also explore the role of endocannabinoids (derived from PUFAs) with the indication that EPA and its endocannabinoid derivatives can drive autophagy-mediated lipid efflux from foam cells in order to reverse their pro-inflammatory phenotype. <h3>Conflict of Interest</h3> none
Investigation of direct milling of micro-optical elements with continuous relief on a substrate by focused ion beam technology (2000)

A novel method of manufacturing micro-optical elements with continuous relief by focused ion beam (FIB) is described in detail. Microfabrication of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) with feature sizes as small as the submicronmeter range is realized in this way. Making use of direct milling by FIBs, the microstructure on any substrate (metal and nonmetal) and the mold used for micro-optical element replication are realized easily without any other procedures. The DOEs are duplicated by hot-embossing with relief surface roughness [root mean square (rms) value] of 3 nm measured in a 2 x2 µm2 area, which is higher than the 5 nm achieved with conventional methods. In addition, other examples such as a microlens mold, a microcylindrical lens, and a 3 x3 DOE array are introduced briefly.
Sustained production of H2O2 on irradiated TiO2– fluoride systems (2005)

UV irradiation of fluorinated TiO(2) suspensions in water, in the presence of oxygen and a hole scavenger, leads to the production of H(2)O(2) with steady state concentration levels up to 1.3 millimolar; the H(2)O(2) formation rate follows the TiO(2) surface speciation, being maximum when the surface is completely covered by [triple bond]Ti-F groups; these results outline the importance of surface speciation on the photocatalytic process.
Acoustic emission analysis of Vickers indentation fracture of cermet and ceramic coatings (2011)

The aim of this work was to develop an instrumented experimental methodology of quantitative material evaluation based on the acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of a dead-weight Vickers indentation. This was to assess the degree of cracking and hence the toughness of thermally sprayed coatings. AE data were acquired during indentation tests on samples of coatings of nominal thickness 250–325 µm at a variety of indentation loads ranging from 49 to 490 N. Measurements were carried out on five different carbide and ceramic coatings (HVOF as-sprayed WC-12%Co (JP5000 and JetKote), HIPed WC-12%Co (JetKote) and as-sprayed Al2O3 (APS/Metco and HVOF/theta-gun)). The raw AE signals recorded during indentation were analysed and the total surface crack length around the indent determined. The results showed that the total surface crack length measured gave fracture toughness (K1c) values which were consistent with the published literature for similar coatings but evaluated using the classical approach (Palmqvist/half-penny model). Hence, the total surface crack length criteria can be applied to ceramic and cermet coatings which may or may not exhibit fracture via radial cracks. The values of K1c measured were 3.4 ± 0.1 MPa m1/2 for high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) (theta-gun) Al2O3, 4.6 ± 0.3 MPa m1/2 for as-sprayed HVOF (JetKote) WC-12%Co, 7.1±0.1 MPa m1/2 for as-sprayed HVOF (JP5000) WC-12%Co and 7.4 ± 0.2 MPa m1/2 for HIPed HVOF (JetKote) WC-12%Co coatings. The crack lengths were then calibrated against the AE response and correlation coefficients evaluated. The values of K1c measured using AE correlations were 3.3 MPa m1/2 for HVOF (theta-gun) Al2O3, 2.6 MPa m1/2 for APS (Metco) Al2O3, 2.5 MPa m1/2 for as-sprayed HVOF (JetKote) WC-12%Co, 6.3 MPa m1/2 for as-sprayed HVOF (JP5000) WC-12%Co and 8.6 MPa m1/2 for HIPed HVOF (JetKote) WC-12%Co coatings. It is concluded that within each category of coating type, AE can be used as a suitable surrogate for crack length measurement for assessing coating quality. Hence, a full measure of crack prevalence which would require time-consuming fractal dimension analysis can be made redundant for a given coating type, offering a motivation for AE-based indentation testing as a measure of quality control. Similarly, for cases where surface crack length cannot be measured due to delamination/spallation of surface, AE-based fracture toughness provides a benchmark for coating quality assessment.