gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Genome Projects: Implications for Dental Practice and Education (2002)

Information from the Human Genome Project (HGP) and the integration of information from related areas of study and technology will dramatically change health care for the craniofacial complex. Approaches to risk assessment and diagnosis, prevention, early intervention, and management of craniofacial conditions are and will continue to evolve through the application of this new knowledge. While this information will advance our health care abilities, it is clear that the dental profession will face challenges regarding the acquisition, application, transfer, and effective and efficient use of this knowledge with regards to dental research, dental education, and clinical practice. Unraveling the human genomic sequence now allows accurate diagnosis of numerous craniofacial conditions. However, the greatest oral disease burden results from dental caries and periodontal disease that are complex disorders having both hereditary and environmental factors determining disease risk, progression, and course. Disease risk assessment, prevention, and therapy, based on knowledge from the HGP, will likely vary markedly for the different complex conditions affecting the head and neck. Integration of Information from the human genome, comparative and microbial genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, and related technologies will provide the basis for proactive prevention and intervention and novel and more efficient treatment approaches. Oral health care practitioners will increasingly require knowledge of human genetics and the application of new molecular-based diagnostic and therapeutic technologies.
Molecular Analysis of Bovine Actin Gene and Pseudogene Sequences: Expression of Nonmuscle and Striated Muscle Isoforms in Adult Tissues (1995)

Most studies on the tissue distribution of actin isoform transcripts have been done in small mammals such as rat and mouse. We have begun a characterization of the actin gene family in a large mammal, the bovine. The alpha skeletal gene was isolated, and an isoform-specific probe to the 3' untranslated region of the transcript identified. This probe, in combination with isoform specific probes for alpha cardiac, beta nonmuscle, and gamma nonmuscle actins, was used to examine expression of nonmuscle and striated muscle actin gene transcription in different tissues. In contrast to other species so far examined, striated muscle isoforms were more strictly tissue specific, with virtually no alpha cardiac isoform transcripts detected in skeletal muscle and almost no alpha skeletal transcripts in cardiac tissue. The distribution of the beta and gamma nonmuscle actins was also unique in bovine compared to other species. A partial beta-actin pseudogene, and the chromosomal DNA flanking one end of it, were also cloned and sequenced. This chromosomal site was found to be homologous to a viral integration site previously identified in simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed rat cells, suggesting that this region of the chromosome may be a preferred target for insertion events.
The significance of pre-existing minority Y181C mutations on virological failure of NNRTI-based, first-line antiretroviral therapy (2011)

Background: Reduced re'nal function has been reported with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). It is not clear whether TDF co-administered with a boosted protease inhibitor (PI) leads to a greater decline in renal function than TDF co-administered with a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI).Methods: We selected ail antiretroviral therapy-naive patients in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) with calibrated or corrected serum creatinine measurements starting antiretroviral therapy with TDF and either efavirenz (EFV) or the ritonavir-boosted PIs, lopinavir (LPV/r) or atazanavir (ATV/r). As a measure of renal function, we used the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We calculated the difference in eGFR over time between two therapies using a marginal model for repeated measures. In weighted analyses, observations were weighted by the product of their point of treatment and censoring weights to adjust for differences both in the sort of patients starting each therapy and in the sort of patients remaining on each therapy over time.Results: By March 2011, 940 patients with at least one creatinine measurement on a first therapy with either TDF and EFV (n=484), TDF and LPVlr (n=269) or TDF and ATV/r (n=187) had been followed for a median of 1. 7, 1.2 and 1.3 years, respectively. Table 1 shows the difference in average estimated GFR (eGFR) over time since starting cART for two marginal models. The first model was not adjusted for potential confounders; the second mode! used weights to adjust for confounders. The results suggest a greater decline in renal function during the first 6 months if TDF is used with a PI rather than with an NNRTI, but no further difference between these therapies after the first 6 months. TDF and ATV/r may lead to a greater decline in the first 6 months than TDF and LPVlr.Conclusions: TDF co-administered with a boosted PI leads to a greater de cline in renal function over the first 6 months of therapy than TDF co-administered with an NNRTI; this decline may be worse with ATV/r than with LPV/r.
Investigation of the Scope of Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Procedures for Preparing Magnesium Chelates of Porphyrins, Hydroporphyrins, and Phthalocyanines (1996)

A simple method has been developed for metalation of porphyrinic compounds under homogeneous conditions at room temperature using a stable ethereal solution of MgI(2) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine. A previously developed heterogeneous procedure employs a mixture of a magnesium halide and a nonnucleophilic amine in a noncoordinating solvent at room temperature. The scope of the heterogeneous and homogeneous magnesium insertion procedures has been investigated across a family of 19 porphyrinic compounds, including synthetic porphyrins, synthetic or naturally occurring chlorins, and organic-soluble phthalocyanines. The rate of magnesium insertion increased in the series phthalocyanines < chlorins < porphyrins, which parallels the basicity of the ligands. Though phthalocyanines have the smallest core size, the magnesium phthalocyanines were far more stable than magnesium porphyrins to acid-induced demetalation. The heterogeneous method is broadly applicable to porphyrins, chlorins, and phthalocyanines. The homogeneous method is generally slower than the heterogeneous method, though both afford rapid metalation of most porphyrins, including electron-deficient, peripherally coordinating, or facially encumbered meso-substituted tetraarylporphyrins, and the beta-substituted octaethylporphyrin. Chlorin e(6) trimethyl ester and methyl pyropheophorbide a were metalated cleanly under homogeneous but not heterogeneous conditions, while pheophytin a failed with both methods. The homogeneous method failed altogether with phthalocyanines. Several methods in magnesium chemistry have been developed that augment these procedures, including a mild synthesis of tetraphenylchlorin and a streamlined separation of porphyrin, chlorin, and bacteriochlorins based on selective formation of the magnesium chelates. Collectively, these methods should broaden the scope of model systems based on magnesium chelates of porphyrinic compounds.
Recent Development of Si Chemical Dry Etching Technologies (2013)

Chemical dry etching in wafer processing was innovated and developed in 1976 using CF 4 /O 2 downflow plasma for poly-Si etching. Thereafter, many researchers developed and reported various chemical dry etching methods.
Mass diffusion‐based separation of sugars in a microfluidic contactor with nanofiltration membranes (2011)

Processes such as chromatographic separation and nanofiltration can remove low molecular weight sugars from liquid mixtures of oligosaccharides. As an alternative for the separation of such liquid mixtures, we studied mass diffusion separation of such sugars in a microfluidic device with incorporated nanofiltration membranes. This separation method is based on differences between diffusivities of components and does not require high transmembrane pressures. The effects of channel depth and flow rate were studied in experiments. The key parameters selectivity and rejection increased with increasing channel depth due to increased external mass transfer limitations. Among the studied membranes, the obtained selectivities and rejections correlated to the specified retention values by the manufacturers. Compared to more conventional nanofiltration where high pressure forces solutes through membranes, we obtained corresponding selectivities and fluxes of only an order of magnitude smaller. Simulated results indicated that with optimized microchannel and membrane dimensions, the presented separation process can compete with currently available separation technologies.
Correction: Study of thermal material properties for Ta- and Al-substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid-state electrolyte in dependency of temperature and grain size (2022)

Correction for ‘Study of thermal material properties for Ta- and Al-substituted Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) solid-state electrolyte in dependency of temperature and grain size’ by Julian Neises et al. , J. Mater. Chem. A , 2022, 10 , 12177–12186, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA00323F.
Growth and uptake of sucrose and mineral ions by bulblets ofLiliumOriental Hybrid ‘Casablanca’ during bioreactor culture (2002)

SummaryThe growth and changes in concentration of major nutrients and sugars in the media were investigated in Lilium bulblets cultured in vitro using a novel type bioreactor (Balloon Type Bubble Bioreactor) system. Bulblets of Lilium Oriental Hybrid ‘Casablana’ grew faster when the medium was exchanged frequently with new medium in a Balloon Type Bubble Bioreactor (Immerson type). More bulblets over 2.1.g were produced when the medium was replaced with new medium after 2, 6 and 12 weeks of bioreactor culture as compared with cultures where fresh medium was added every 2, 6 and 12 weeks. Uptake of sugar and other minerals indicate that for optimal bulblet growth, high sucrose levels are necessary. However in the addition method, it was not possible to maintain high sucrose level by adding fresh medium every 2, 6 and 12 weeks. Although high sucrose levels could be maintained by the exchange method, the sucrose supplied was rapidly hydrolysed into glucose and fructose when the medium was replaced with new medium every 2, 6 and 12 weeks of bioreactor culture. Mineral absorption also displayed variation, both in quantity and selectivity of the inorganic nutrients supplied. During the growth of bulblets, fast exhaustion of NH4–, NO3–, SO42– and H2PO4– occurred, whereas consumption of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+ and Cl– is very slow. There is also a rapid fall in the pH of the medium following the addition of, or exchange with, fresh medium during the bulblet growth. The change in pH may be attributed to the differential uptake or excretion of NO3–, and/or NH4+ ions.
Kinetics of the Middle and Terminal Phases of Degradation of DNA by Spleen Acid DNAase (1973)

The kinetics of the middle and terminal phases of calf thymus DNA degradation by spleen acid DNAase has been investigated in detail with the main purpose of providing a background for a study of the specificity of the enzyme and its use in investigations of nucleotide sequences in DNA. During the middle phase the ultraviolet absorption, the acid solubility and the reciprocal average degree of polymerization of the hydrolysate, ¯ n −1 , increase linearly with digestion time, while the elution profile of the DEAE‐cellulose‐urea chromatogram is progressively shifted to the left. Empirical relationships between ¯ n −1 and hyperchromic shift have been established. Extrapolation of ¯ n −1 to zero digestion time indicates that bond splitting proceeds at a faster, yet decreasing rate during the early part of digestion. The beginning of the terminal phase is characterized by a sudden slow down of the reaction rate; this phenomenon has been shown to be essentially due to the melting of double‐stranded DNA fragments; the single‐stranded fragments so originated are a poor substrate for the enzyme, in spite of the fact that they still contain a large number of sequences which can be split. During the terminal phase, the ultraviolet absorption, the acid solubility and ¯ n −1 increase at a progressively slower rate until an end‐point is practically reached. Investigations on the liberation of mono‐ and dinucleotides, the base composition and termini of isostichs and the effects of digestion temperature and of dephosphorylation on the isostich patterns are also reported.
Gamete quality and assisted reproductive technologies (2008)

Among the 15% of couples reported to receive infertility services in the USA, over 100 000 assisted reproductive technologies (ART) treatment cycles are reported each year.1 The field of ART comprises treatment strategies during which the egg (oocyte) and sperm are manipulated outside of the body. With the first successful birth in 1978 in the UK, in-vitro fertilization (IVF) represents the oldest ART technique.2Following rapid demands and advances in the field, ART treatment now includes a number of related procedures, among which are gamete intrafallopian tube transfer (GIFT), zygote intrafallopian tube transfer (ZIFT), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Since 1991, ICSI has been used to microinject a single spermatozoon directly into the cytoplasm of a mature oocyte.3 IVF and ICSI are most commonly employed, accounting in the USA for about 43% and 56% of reported ART cycles, respectively.1 Beyond these treatment strategies (IVF, ICSI, GIFT, ZIFT), additional laboratory manipulations may be performed, including embryo cryopreservation, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), assisted hatching (AH), and extended embryo culture to the blastocyst stage.4,5
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Organosilicon Compounds. Part 216. Sterically Crowded Silanes. (1986)

Abstract Die Herstellung der Fluorosilane (III), (V) und (VI) wird beschrieben und der Einfluß der Substituenten auf die Alkoholyse von (VI) zu den Produkten (VII)‐(X) untersucht.
Serum markers of systemic disease processes in osteoarthritis. (1995)

Serum levels of several molecules originating from joints and cartilages have been shown to rise during the preradiological stages of osteoarthritis (OA). Using a dog model of posttraumatic OA, we have shown that serum levels of markers of aggrecan degradation (antigenic keratan sulfate) and synovial proliferation/metabolism (hyaluronan) rise within 1-2 weeks after the injury and remain elevated for at least 13 weeks. These changes, which precede the development of OA lesions, are consistent with the view that traumatic injury to a single synovial joint gives rise to a state of hypermetabolism that is local at first but becomes systemic with time.
Long-term consistency of diurnal-type preferences among men (2013)

Diurnal type (chronotype) differentiates individuals on an axis between the extremes of evening type to morning type. These diurnal-type preferences are thought to be relatively stable, but follow-up studies are sparse. The study aims were (1) to compare cross-sectional studies of diurnal type preferences between two decades and (2) to analyze the consistency of diurnal-type preferences using a longitudinal dataset. We analyzed a total of 18,087 adult males from four datasets with information on diurnal type and age. Of these, 2144 were available for survival analysis and 567 for analysis of longitudinal diurnal consistency. Diurnal type was assessed by asking the individual to what extent they would rate themselves a morning or an evening person, categorized into four groups. Statistical tests for stability of diurnal type were based on transition matrices and p values obtained using likelihood ratios. Cox regression was used to calculate the relative risk of all-cause mortality in each of the four diurnal type groups. After direct age standardization, 9.5% (95% CI: 9.0-10.1%) of participants in the four datasets were evening types. The cross-sectional data yielded that morning types were less common in the 2000s than two decades earlier. The longitudinal dataset revealed a significant shift from evening type to another type from 1985 to 2008 (p = 0.002). The relative risk of all-cause mortality was 1.3-fold (95% CI: 1.0-1.6; p = 0.05) higher for evening types compared to morning types. At the population level, eveningness appears to have become more prevalent over recent decades. However, on the individual level, the more morningness the chronotype, the more persistent it remains with aging.
Controlled barrier modification in Nb/NbOx/Ag metal insulator metal tunnel diodes (2002)

The nonlinear electrical transport properties of metal-insulator-metal tunnel diodes based on a barrier of naturally grown niobium oxide have been measured at room temperature and analyzed. In most cases excellent agreement is found between the measured current-voltage characteristics and fits to the trapezoidal barrier model, over large ranges in conductance (up to several times the zero-bias value), and including the asymmetry induced by the differing electrode materials, niobium and silver. Moreover, we find that an in situ, Ar plasma etch may be used to modify the tunnel barrier in a controlled fashion. Specifically, as the etch time is increased from 0 to 120 s, the barrier thickness is continuously reduced from ∼2.8 to 1.1 nm, while the barrier height at the base (Nb) electrode remains roughly constant at 300±40 mV. Simultaneously, the barrier height at the Ag counterelectrode is lowered from an initial value of 800 mV to the asymptotic value implied by the difference in work functions of the electrode materials, namely, 230±40 mV.
Roughness Effects on Frictional Resistance of Enclosed Rotating Disks (1960)

The effects of surface roughness on the frictional resistance of enclosed rotating disks have been studied experimentally. Torque data were obtained over the range of disk Reynolds numbers 4 × 103 to 6 × 106 for three different relative roughnesses a/k of 1000, 2000, and 3200 at three axial-clearance-to-disk-radius ratios s/a of 0.0227, 0.0609, and 0.112 for a constant, small, radial tip clearance. The existence of four possible basic flow regimes in the axial gap between the disk and casing wall was verified. Empirical expressions have been presented which predict the initial point of onset of turbulence in the flow within the boundary layer on the disk, the point at which the surface roughness becomes fully effective, and the magnitudes of the resistance coefficients in the zone of fully rough turbulent flow. The similarities and differences between smooth and rough-disk torque behavior, and to a limited extent boundary-layer behavior, have been noted.
Fast Isolation of Highly Active Photosystem II Core Complexes from Spinach (2010)

Purification of photosystem II (PSII) core complexes is a time-consuming and low-efficiency process. In order to isolate pure and active PSII core complexes in large amounts, we have developed a fast method to isolate highly active monomeric and dimeric PSII core complexes from spinach leaves by using sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. By using a vertical rotor the process was completed significantly faster compared with a swing-out rotor. In order to keep the core complexes in high activity, the whole isolation procedure was performed in the presence of glycine betain and pH at 6.3. The isolated pigment-protein complexes were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, absorption spectroscopy, 77 K fluorescence spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography. Our results show that this method is a better choice for quick and efficient isolation of functionally active PSII core complexes.
Adapting in practice: what questions might we ask? (2007)

Purpose Via philosophy of science, the paper seeks to identify the role of trial and error in business and other managed activities, including economic development. Design/methodology/approach Drawing first on Karl Popper's view of trial and error as essential to the evolution of all life, including all human activity, the paper asks what we mean by science, and how distinctive is the scientific mode of enquiry. It goes on to look at, in particular, the treatment of trial and error, and of evolution, in two best‐selling management books of the last 25 years, and at the relevance of this treatment to some recent discussions of economic development. Findings Popper's distinction between science and various types of non‐science is not as clear‐cut as is sometimes portrayed. Moreover, there are significant variants to Popper's view of scientific method. But accepting Popper's view of the centrality of trial and error for problem solving the paper finds significant echoes in some management thinking. Related questions occur, also, in some recent discussions of economic development. Practical implications The paper argues that trial and error is a well‐established approach in business and other managed activities, and that there is potential to learn from many examples of success and disappointment. Originality/value The paper questions whether some views of science, and of the demarcation between science and non‐science, are as clear‐cut as is sometimes assumed. It argues against claimed novelty in some recent discussion of evolutionary process in business and elsewhere.
Ploidy effect and genetic architecture exploration of stalk traits using DH and its corresponding haploid populations in maize (2016)

The current investigation extended understanding about the genetic basis of stalk traits and correlations between DH and its haploid populations, which showed consistence and difference between them in phenotype, QTL characters, and gene expression. The higher heritabilities and partly higher QTL detection power were presented in haploid population than in DH population. All of which described above could lay a preliminary foundation for genetic architecture study with haploid population and may benefit selection in haploid-stage to reduce cost in DH breeding.
Thermoreversible gelation in aqueous dispersions of colloidal particles bearing grafted poly(ethylene oxide) chains (2001)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Jennifer S. Shay, Srinivasa R. Raghavan, Saad A. Khan; Thermoreversible gelation in aqueous dispersions of colloidal particles bearing grafted poly(ethylene oxide) chains. J. Rheol. 1 July 2001; 45 (4): 913–927. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.1378030 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search