gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Destabilization of the gut microbiome marks the end‐stage of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in wild chimpanzees (2015)

Enteric dysbiosis is a characteristic feature of progressive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection but has not been observed in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac)-infected macaques, including in animals with end-stage disease. This has raised questions concerning the mechanisms underlying the HIV-1 associated enteropathy, with factors other than virus infection, such as lifestyle and antibiotic use, implicated as playing possible causal roles. Simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees (SIVcpz) is also associated with increased mortality in wild-living communities, and like HIV-1 and SIVmac, can cause CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell depletion and immunodeficiency in infected individuals. Given the central role of the intestinal microbiome in mammalian health, we asked whether gut microbial constituents could be identified that are indicative of SIVcpz status and/or disease progression. Here, we characterized the gut microbiome of SIVcpz-infected and -uninfected chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Subjecting a small number of fecal samples (N = 9) to metagenomic (shotgun) sequencing, we found bacteria of the family Prevotellaceae to be enriched in SIVcpz-infected chimpanzees. However, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of a larger number of samples (N = 123) failed to show significant differences in both the composition and diversity (alpha and beta) of gut bacterial communities between infected (N = 24) and uninfected (N = 26) chimpanzees. Similarly, chimpanzee stool-associated circular virus (Chi-SCV) and chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAdV) identified by metagenomic sequencing were neither more prevalent nor more abundant in SIVcpz-infected individuals. However, fecal samples collected from SIVcpz-infected chimpanzees within 5 months before their AIDS-related death exhibited significant compositional changes in their gut bacteriome. These data indicate that SIVcpz-infected chimpanzees retain a stable gut microbiome throughout much of their natural infection course, with a significant destabilization of bacterial (but not viral) communities observed only in individuals with known immunodeficiency within the last several months before their death. Am. J. Primatol. 80:e22515, 2018. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Brain that makes Music and is Changed by it (2003)

Abstract This chapter begins by discussing how learning to play the piano changes the brain. An experiment is shown which correlate skill acquisition with changes in motor cortical output. It is demonstrated that acquisition of the necessary motor skills to perform a five-finger movement exercise correctly is associated with reorganization in the cortical motor outputs to the muscles involved in the task. A discussion on mental practice is also provided. The chapter then explores the sensorimotor mismatch and task-induced dystonia. The motor cortex plays an important role in motor skill learning, but so does the sensory cortex. The sensorimotor cortex changes as a consequence of skill acquisition. The data of the studies may be useful in understanding not only the physiology of skill acquisitions, but also the pathophysiology of movement disorders in skilled performers.
Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of Arabidopsis WT, lbr-2-2 and bak1-4 Mutants Following Treatment with Two LPS Chemotypes (2022)

Plants perceive pathogenic threats from the environment that have evaded preformed barriers through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognise microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). The perception of and triggered defence to lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a MAMP is well-studied in mammals, but little is known in plants, including the PRR(s). Understanding LPS-induced secondary metabolites and perturbed metabolic pathways in Arabidopsis will be key to generating disease-resistant plants and improving global plant crop yield. Recently, Arabidopsis LPS-binding protein (LBP) and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI)-related proteins (LBP/BPI related-1) and (LBP/BPI related-2) were shown to perceive LPS from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and trigger defence responses. In turn, brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1)-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1) is a well-established co-receptor for several defence-related PRRs in plants. Due to the lack of knowledge pertaining to LPS perception in plants and given the involvement of the afore-mentioned proteins in MAMPs recognition, in this study, Arabidopsis wild type (WT) and mutant (<i>lbr2-2</i> and <i>bak1-4</i>) plants were pressure-infiltrated with LPSs purified from <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i> DC3000 (<i>Pst</i>) and <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>campestris</i> 8004 (<i>Xcc</i>). Metabolites were extracted from the leaves at four time points over a 24 h period and analysed by UHPLC-MS, generating distinct metabolite profiles. Data analysed using unsupervised and supervised multivariate data analysis (MVDA) tools generated results that reflected time- and treatment-related variations after both LPS chemotypes treatments. Forty-five significant metabolites were putatively annotated and belong to the following groups: glucosinolates, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, lignans, lipids, oxylipins, arabidopsides and phytohormones, while metabolic pathway analysis (MetPA) showed enrichment of flavone and flavanol biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and glucosinolate biosynthesis. Distinct metabolite accumulations depended on the LPS chemotype and the genetic background of the <i>lbr2-2</i> and <i>bak1-4</i> mutants. This study highlights the role of LPSs in the reprogramming Arabidopsis metabolism into a defensive state, and the possible role of LBR and BAK1 proteins in LPSs perception and thus plant defence against pathogenic bacteria.
Use of Antibiotics for Expansion of the Merocel® Packing following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (1996)

Sinus packs that are used for hemostasis and the prevention of synechiae following endoscopic sinus surgery frequently get colonized with bacteria from the infected sinus, which increases the risk for infection. This study was conducted in an attempt to characterize the bacterial flora of the chronically infected sinus, and to evaluate whether direct installation of antibiotics into the sponge inhibits bacterial growth. Bacteria were cultured from 89% of the sinuses at surgery, and in 67% of the cases, the same bacteria were recovered from the sinus dressings one week later. When the Merocel sinus dressing was expanded with a combination of polymyxin, neomycin and hydrocortisone at the time of surgery, a 36% decrease in bacterial growth was observed, along with a decrease in the severity of pain associated with removal of the pack. This supports the concept of using an antibiotic for the expansion of the sponge following endoscopic sinus surgery.
ChemInform Abstract: IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED 2,6‐DIOXABICYCLO(3.1.1)HEPTANES: 1,3‐ANHYDRO‐2,4,6‐TRI‐O‐BENZYL‐ AND 1,3‐ANHYDRO‐2,4,6‐TRI‐O‐P‐BROMOBENZYL‐β‐D‐MANNOPYRANOSE (1983)

Abstract Improved Synthesis of Substituted 2,6‐Dioxabicyclo(3.l.l]heptanes: 1,3‐Anhydro‐ 2,4.6‐tri‐O‐benzyl‐ and 1,3‐Anhydro‐2,4,6‐tri‐O‐p‐bromobenzyl‐β‐D‐mannopyranose.
Microbial Allelochemicals and Pathogens as Bioherbicidal Agents1 (2001)

The initiative to use plant pathogens and allelochemicals from pathogens and other microorganisms as biological weed control agents (bioherbicides) began about 30 yr ago. Since then, numerous plant pathogens (bacteria and fungi) and microbial allelochemicals have been isolated, identified, and tested for their bioherbicidal potential. Pathogens (and in some cases microbial phytotoxins) may be used directly on target weed species, or such allelochemicals may provide unique chemical templates for the synthesis of new herbicide classes with novel molecular modes of action. To date, the most successful microbial products that have led to the development of commercial herbicides are bialaphos (commercially available in Japan) and glufosinate (marketed worldwide). Glufosinate is the ammonium salt of phosphinothricin, which is the active ingredient of bialaphos derived from a nonphytopathogenic Streptomyces species. This overview will examine selected advances in the isolation and identification of novel plant pathogens that have weed hosts, and some microbial allelochemicals with phytotoxic properties. Perspectives on the use of these bioherbicides in weed control, relative to their allelopathic interactions with plants will be discussed.Nomenclature: Bialaphos; glufosinate.Additional index words: Mode of action, rhizobacteria, mycoherbicide, phytopathogen, allelopathy, phytotoxin, natural product, enzyme inhibitor.Abbreviations: AAL toxin, toxin produced by Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr.) Keissl. f.sp. lycopersici; AAT, aspartate amino transferase; AOA, aminooxyacetate; DRB, deleterious rhizobacteria; FB1, fumonisin B1; GS, glutamine synthetase; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; PGPR, plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria; PPT, phosphinothricin.
Seismic reprocessing and interpretation of a fractured-basement play: Texas Panhandle (2017)

The Panhandle-Hugoton field, of Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas, is a giant oil field and is the largest conventional gas field in North America. Most hydrocarbon production in this field comes from the Wichita Uplift area, where the basement is the most shallow. Although the field has been extensively produced, many local hydrocarbon accumulations have not been fully exploited. Recent drilling activity in the survey indicates that some wells produce directly from basement fractures, suggesting a new play type for the area. Because the target is shallow, the seismic data are heavily contaminated by coherent noise, such as ground roll and head waves, creating challenges for seismic processing. To improve the seismic interpretation, we carefully reprocessed the field gathers resulting in improved correlation within the sedimentary and the basement sections. Correlating well control to seismic attribute volumes indicates that a fractured basement gives rise to lower P-wave impedance and strong amplitude versus azimuth anomalies. The azimuthal anisotropy is strongest in a direction parallel to the regional maximum horizontal stress, suggesting that these fractures are open. Coherence anomalies indicate a rugose basement surface, whereas curvature shows two lineament sets, consistent with the weathering and fractured exposure of basement in the Wichita Mountains to the southeast.
Conclusions about circumcision and prostate cancer are dubious (2012)

The Wright study of circumcision and the risk of prostate cancer (clinical digest April 11 and letters April 18) is a boon for those wishing to promote the circumcision of infants.
Aldosterone Promotes Cardiac Endothelial Cell Proliferation In Vivo (2015)

Aldosterone modulates cardiac gene expression and induces the proliferation of cardiac endothelial cells in vivo.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Nano-TiO2 Superhydrophobic Coating on Asphalt Pavement (2021)

In order to address water damage of asphalt pavement, reduce the occurrence of water-related potholes, deformation, and other diseases, and improve the performance and service life of the pavement, a nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> superhydrophobic coating (PSC) on asphalt pavement was prepared from waterborne polyurethane and nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> modified by stearic acid. FT-IR measured stearic acid successfully modified low surface energy substance on the surface of nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>. The SEM image shows that the PSC has a rough surface structure. The contact angle and rolling angle of the PSC in the contact angle test are 153.5° and 4.7°, respectively. PSC has a super-hydrophobic ability, which can improve the water stability of the asphalt mixture. Although the texture depth and pendulum value have been reduced by 2.5% and 4.4%, respectively, they all comply with the standard requirements. After the abrasion resistance test, the PSC coating still has a certain hydrophobic ability. These results surface PSC coating can effectively reduce water damage on asphalt pavement, and has considerable application value.
Chromatographic separation of reaction products from the choline acetyltransferase and carnitine acetyltransferase assay: differential ChAT and CrAT activity in brain extracts from Alzheimer’s disease versus controls (2012)

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) catalyzes the reaction between choline and acetylcoenzyme A (AcCoA) to form acetylcholine (ACh) in nerve terminals. ACh metabolism has implications in numerous aspects of physiology and varied disease states, such as Alzheimer's disease. Therefore a specific, sensitive, and reliable method for detecting ChAT enzyme activity is of great utility in a number of situations. Using an existing radionuclide-based enzyme activity assay, we have observed detectable ChAT signals from non-cholinergic cells, suggesting a contaminant in the assay producing an artifactual signal. Previous reports have suggested that L-acetylcarnitine (LAC) contaminates many assays of ChAT activity, because of difficulties in separating LAC from ACh by organic extraction. To determine the source of this hypothesized artifact and to rectify the problem, we have developed a paper chromatography-based assay for the detection of acetylcholine and other contaminating reaction products of this assay, including LAC. Our first goal was to develop a simple and economical method for resolving and verifying the identities of various reaction products or contaminants that could be performed in most laboratories without specialized equipment. Our second goal was to apply this separation method in postmortem human brain tissue samples. Our assay successfully detected several contaminants, especially in assays using brain tissue, and allowed the separation of the intended ACh product from these contaminants. We further demonstrate that this assay can be used to measure carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) activity in the same samples, and assays comparing ChAT and CrAT show that CrAT is highly active in neuronal tissues and in neuronal cell cultures relative to ChAT. Thus, the simple chromatography-based assay we describe allows the measurement of specific reaction products separated from contaminants using commonly available and inexpensive materials. Further, we show that ChAT activity is significantly reduced in brain extracts from Alzheimer's disease compared to controls.
A potential role for psilocybin in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (2020)

Abstract The recent revivification of interest in the therapeutic use of psychedelics has had a particular focus on mood disorders and addiction, although there is reason to think these drugs may be effective more widely. After outlining pertinent aspects of psilocybin and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the current review summarizes the evidence indicating that there may be a role for psilocybin in the treatment of OCD, as well as highlighting a range of potential therapeutic mechanisms that reflect the action of psilocybin on brain function. Although the current evidence is limited, that multiple signals point in directions consistent with treatment potential, alongside the psychological and physiological safety of clinically administered psilocybin, support the expansion of research, both in animal models and in further randomized controlled trials, to properly investigate this potential.
Notice of Retraction: Design data structure for WAMS datastream mining base on GPS time scale (2010)

This article has been retracted by the publisher.
Multispectral Ratio Selection Using Ternary Diagrams (1990)

Research Article| February 01, 1990 Multispectral Ratio Selection Using Ternary Diagrams THOMAS A. KING; THOMAS A. KING Physical Science Laboratory, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar CHARLES E. GLASS; CHARLES E. GLASS Department of Mining and Geological Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar ROBERT A. SCHOWENGERDT ROBERT A. SCHOWENGERDT Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Environmental and Engineering Geoscience (1990) xxvii (1): 93–102. https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.xxvii.1.93 Article history first online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation THOMAS A. KING, CHARLES E. GLASS, ROBERT A. SCHOWENGERDT; Multispectral Ratio Selection Using Ternary Diagrams. Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 1990;; xxvii (1): 93–102. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.xxvii.1.93 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentBy SocietyEnvironmental and Engineering Geoscience Search Advanced Search Abstract A method is presented to map spectral reflectance data of altered or unaltered rocks into color space to aid interpretation of color ratio composite (CRC) images for engineering geologic purposes. The method uses in situ spectral reflectance data or multispectral images of known lithologies, normalized ratio values, ternary diagrams, chromaticity diagrams, and color science theory to enable the engineering geologist to display spectral separability of lithologic units and improve the interpretation of CRC images. The normalized ratio values, derived from spectral reflectance data, can be plotted in a ternary diagram. Transforming normalized ratio values into equivalent chromaticity coordinates, the ternary diagram becomes a chromaticity diagram.From such a presentation, the engineering geologist can determine a priori the approximate color that each lithologic unit will appear in a CRC image. In this study, it was determined that the best CRC images correspond to the ternary/chromaticity diagrams that show the most separation of spectral reflectance data. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this article.
Chromium deficiency and cardiovascular risk (1984)

Recent measurements have demonstrated that plasma chromium levels in patients with coronary artery disease are very much lower than in normal subjects. A review of the literature concerning the physiological functions of chromium (or GTF) shows it to be implicated in most of the known factors of cardiovascular risk, via its effect on insulin levels and activities. Chromium deficiency leads to impaired lipid and glucide metabolism and results in high circulating insulin levels, the probable consequences of which suggest that chromium deficiency may be a primary risk factor in cardiovascular disease.
Structure-Borne Sound (1973)

Although sound waves in structures cannot be heard directly, and only be felt at low frequencies, they play an important role in noise control, because many sound signals are generated or transmitted in structures before they are radiated into the surrounding medium. In several respects sound waves in structures and sound waves in gases or liquids are similar, there are, however, also fundamental differences, which are due to the fact that solids have a certain shear stiffness, wheras gases or liquids show practically none. As a consequence acoustic energy can be transported not only by the normal compressional waves but also by shear waves and many combinations of compressional (sometimes loosely called longitudinal) and shear waves . For noise control purposes bending waves (which are a special combination of compressional and shear waves) are of primary importance; for some special cases (quasi-) longitudinal waves and torsional waves also have to be considered.
Switching from Calcium Carbonate to Sevelamer Hydrochloride Has Suppressive Effects on the Progression of Aortic Calcificationin Hemodialysis Patients: Assessment Using Plain Chest X-Ray Films (2008)

Sevelamer hydrochloride, a non-aluminum- and non-calcium-containing hydrogel, is an effective phosphate binder in dialysis patients. The suppressive effect of the switching from calcium carbonate to sevelamer hydrochloride on the progression of vascular calcification was examined by measuring areas of calcification on routine chest X-rays using image-analyzing software. The data of 69 maintenance hemodialysis patients were analyzed retrospectively. Over a period of 18 months, 19 patients took only sevelamer hydrochloride as a phosphate binder, while the other 50 patients took only calcium carbonate. The area of calcification increased in the calcium carbonate group, but did not change significantly in the sevelamer group. While the usefulness of computed tomography in detecting vascular calcification in hemodialysis patients has been reported previously, the suppressive effects of switching from calcium carbonate to sevelamer hydrochloride on the progression of aortic calcification can be observed without computed tomography by using the plain chest X-ray films that are routinely performed in hemodialysis clinics.
Characterization of far electric field waveforms produced by rocket-triggered lightning (2014)

We examine electric field waveforms produced by 69 negative return strokes in 13 flashes triggered using the rocket-and-wire technique at Camp Blanding, Florida, in 2012. The waveforms were recorded at the Lightning Observatory in Gainesville, at a distance of 45 km from the lightning channel. This is the first detailed characterization of far (essentially radiation) electric field waveforms produced by rocket-triggered lightning. The results will be used in examining similarities and dissimilarities between natural and rocket-triggered lightning processes.
Immunotherapy for atherosclerosis: an emerging paradigm. (2004)

Experimental and clinical studies have implicated the immune system in atherogenesis and its complications. Recent studies have identified a complex dual role for the immune system: some aspects of the system play a proatherogenic role, whereas other aspects are atheroprotective. Suppression of proatherogenic immune responses and activation of antiatherogenic immune responses promise to emerge as novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Enzyme‐linked immunoadsorbent assay for the detection of cytomegalovirus‐IgM: Comparison between eight commercial kits, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting (1992)

Eight commercially available enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assays (ELISA) for the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific IgM were used in parallel to determine the presence of CMV-IgM in 123 serum samples from pregnant women. The results obtained with the eight kits were compared. Based on concordance of six or more of the eight kits, we assessed sensitivity, specificity, and overall agreement, as well as incidence of false-positive and -negative results for each kit. The results obtained by ELISA were then compared with those obtained by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoblotting (IB). Our study did not single out one outstanding ELISA kit among the eight evaluated, nor did it suggest that IF or IB are better than ELISA. Furthermore our results indicate that IB might be useful in several cases as, beside its good sensitivity, most IB-false-positive sera are easily recognized as reacting exclusively with pp150, the unique reactivity to pp150 not being among the IB profiles of IB-true-positive sera. Nevertheless 14.6% of sera remained CMV-IgM-indeterminate.