gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Reaction of 4-Quinazolinecarbonitrile with Nucleophilic Reagents. III. Reaction of 4-Quinazolinecarbonitrile with Ketones (1962)

Reactions of 4-quinazolinecarbonitrile (I) with ketones in the presence of 50% sodium hydroxide were carried out in order to elucidate the chemical properties of (I). With acetone afforded 1-(4-quinazolinyl)-2-propanone (II), with 2-butanone, 1-(4-quinazolinyl)-2-butanone (III) and 4-ethylquinazoline (IV), with 3-pentanone (IV), with 3-methyl-2-butanone, 1-(4-quinazolinyl)-3-methyl-2-butanone (V) and 4-isopropylquinazoline (VI), with acetophenone, 2-(4-quinazolinyl) acetophenone (VII), with propiophenone, (IV) and benzoic acid (VIII), w ith cyclohexanone, 4-quinazolinehexanoic acid (IX), and with cyclopentanone, 2-(4-quinazolinyl) cyclopentanone (X). The foregoing experiments showed that the 4-position in (I) was very reactive to anionoid reagents, as already demonstrated in Part I and II of this series.
Laser-induced acoustic waves in water (1974)

Acoustic waves in water may be produced by the absorption of infrared energy from a pulsed laser. The temperature distribution in water for a kilowatt pulse with a duration of the order of a millisecond can be described in terms of the beam parameters and the optical absorption coefficient of water. The expression for the temperature distribution has been solved numerically. The acoustic waves were studied by the use of hydrophones in an anechoic tank filled with tap water. Cylindrical waves with exponentially decreasing amplitudes with depth were produced by the absorption of laser radiation. The velocity of these waves was in close agreement with the velocity of acoustic waves in water.
Nhìn nhận về sự tác động của toàn cầu hóa tới đời sống tôn giáo ở nước ta hiện nay (2008)

Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Nghien cứu về tac động của toan cầu hoa đến đời sống xa hội, bai viết tập trung lam ro tac động của qua trinh toan cầu hoa đối với đời sống xa hội noi chung va đời sống ton giao noi rieng, chỉ ra những xu thế chủ yếu của đời sống ton giao hiện nay. Đo la: cac xu thế thế tục hoa ton giao; hiện đại hoa ton giao; đa dạng hoa ton giao; sự xuất hiện hiện tượng ton giao mới; đồng thời chỉ ro cơ sở của sự hinh thanh cac ton giao mới va những đặc trưng điển hinh của hiện tượng ton giao mới. Từ đo khẳng định việc cần thiết phải nghien cứu về mặt lý luận cũng như thực tien vấn đề ton giao hiện nay để gop phần hoan thiện chinh sach ứng xử va quản lý ton giao của Đảng va Nha nước Việt Nam.
Velocity Coefficients For Free Jets From Sharp-Edged Orifices (1984)

The viscosity-dependence of the velocity coefficient for a free liquid jet, issuing from a sharp-edged orifice, is predicted by computing the dissipation of energy in the boundary layer on the back of the orifice plate. The prediction is upheld by the only known direct measurements of velocity coefficients. The resulting coefficients are much closer to unity for large orifices than they are generally assumed to be. The influence of surface tension on small jets is also explained.
Very Low Noise in 90nm Node RF MOSFETs using a New Layout (2007)

The authors have directly measured a record low minimum noise figure (NF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> ) of 0.46 dB at 10 GHz, along with a high 16.6 dB associated gain, in an 8-finger 90 nm node MOSFET (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> = 65nm) without de-embedding. At 18 GHz, NF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> was 0.83 dB with 13.5 dB gain. This was achieved using a microstrip line layout to screen the RF noise generated by the lossy substrate
The stabilization of fibrillar collagen matrices with 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (1991)

Pepsin-treated type I collagen fibrils were reconstituted by warming to 37 degrees C in the presence of DOPA at a concentration of 1 x 10(-3)M. Following a 1-1.5-h lag period the "gels" became progressively stabilized as indicated by an inability to disperse these at 0 degrees C. Following 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees C, the DOPA-collagen gels were insoluble in dilute acetic acid even under denaturing conditions. The effect on both gel stability and solubility was concentration-dependent and was maximum at 1 x 10(-3)M. Gel solubility changes were significant, with the greatest change occurring between concentrations of 3.1 x 10(-5)M and 1.65 x 10(-5)M. DOPA exposure did not alter the fibrillar banding pattern seen at the electron microscopic level. Collagen felts prepared by lyophilization of DOPA-collagen gels demonstrated an increase in shrinkage temperature which after 24 h exceeded that of rat tail tendon. Preformed collagen felts incubated for 24 h in the presence of 1 mM DOPA also had a greatly increased shrinkage temperature. Pepsin-treated collagen control felts were altered with respect to control felts in a time dependent manner. The wet tensile strength increased to four times that of control after 3 days of incubation at 37 degrees C. Matrix extensibility initially increased to 1.5 times that of control felts after 4 days of incubation at 37 degrees C, but decreased to below control values following 6 additional days of incubation. These properties suggest that DOPA may be useful as a stabilizing agent of collagen biomedical prostheses.
Using analogical reasoning for mechanism design (1994)

Our experience in developing a traditional expert system motivated us to develop a practical system that applies analogical reasoning to mechanism design. The new system could use existing solutions (apply analogical reasoning) to synthesize new mechanisms; use more informative knowledge representation so it could reason effectively and more meaningfully; and incorporate multiple reasoning capabilities, so it could generate new conceptual designs more intelligently. We called the system Smarts (Synthesis of Mechanisms using Analogical Reasoning Techniques). Traditional expert systems design mechanisms by exhaustive generation and evaluation. This system learns from experience to design mechanism more simply and efficiently.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supplementary Table 1 from A Novel Kinase Inhibitor, INCB28060, Blocks c-MET–Dependent Signaling, Neoplastic Activities, and Cross-Talk with EGFR and HER-3 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 66K&lt;/p&gt;
Free standing hybrid riser global motion fatigue analysis (2011)

As a new-style production riser,Free Standing Hybrid Riser(FSHR) is being used for deepwater oil and gas exploitation widely.First of all,a detailed finite element model is created according to FSHR design parameters.Then the FSHR global motion fatigue analysis is carried out using spectrum analysis method to determine whether the design parameters of FSHR meet fatigue requirement.At last,the global motion fatigue analysis of a Steel Catenary Riser(SCR) is performed for the same environment to compare the fatigue performances of the two risers.The calculated results indicate that FSHR global design parameters satisfy fatigue requirement and the max motion fatigue damage appears at the top of the rigid riser of FSHR.The analysis results indicate that FSHR has a longer motion fatigue life and better decoupling function of riser from floater motions.
Current aspects of colchicine therapy -- classical indications and new therapeutic uses. (2001)

Colchicine has been traditionally used for the treatment of gout. At present there is no generally accepted alternative to colchicine for the treatment of acute attacks or for the prevention of further attacks. The complex actions of this substance, which are mainly attributable to its stabilising action on the cytoskeleton and cell membranes, and its special pattern of distribution form the basis for the results presented here regarding the prophylactic or therapeutic actions of colchicine in a whole range of other diseases. This is all the more significant in that in several instances it concerns diseases that have so far been unsatisfactorily controlled by other treatments. Because of its astonishing absence of side effects, some authors consider that low dose colchicine may be considered as an alternative to previous therapies or even a means of first choice. It is therefore incorrect to think that medical research has shown little interest in this long-known potential and has not sought to confirm promising options by means of controlled studies. Fibrotic and inflammatory systemic diseases and those in which leucocytic chemotaxis play a role seem to be particularly predestined for this.
CD96 Blockade Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Dermatitis via Suppression of IL-17A Production by Dermal γδ T Cells (2022)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. IL-23 plays a critical role in its pathogenesis by inducing production of IL-17A from pathological Th17 cells and IL-17A-producing γδ T cells. However, the mechanisms regulating the IL-23/IL-17 axis in psoriasis are incompletely understood. In this study, we show that, in comparison with wild-type mice, those deficient in the CD96 immunoreceptor had lower production of IL-17A in their dermal γδ T cells and milder psoriasis-like dermatitis after topical application of imiquimod (IMQ). Moreover, transfer of CD96-deficient dermal γδ T cells into the skin of Rag1-deficient mice resulted in them developing milder IMQ-induced dermatitis compared with Rag1-deficient mice transferred with wild-type dermal γδ T cells. In γδ T cells in vitro, CD96 provides a costimulatory signal for the production of IL-23-induced IL-17A. In mice given an anti-CD96 neutralizing Ab, IL-17A production from dermal γδ T cells decreased and IMQ-induced dermatitis was milder compared with mice given a control Ab. These results suggest that CD96 is a potential molecular target for the treatment of psoriasis.
ChemInform Abstract: Separation of Enantiomers by Partition Between Liquid Phases. Part 4. (1986)

Abstract The enantioselectivity of the easily obtainable diastereomeric dimethyl tartrates (IIIa) and (IIIb) towards the salts of a series of α‐aminoalcohols (I), (II) was investigated by partition between aqueous and lipophilic phasesÜIhe measured enantiomer distribution constants confirm the previously observed configurational relationships between the lipophilic tartrates and the preferentially extracted enantio‐ 25 mer of the hydrophilic ammonium salt.
Double Name (2011)

Research Article| February 01 2011 Double Name Maria (S) Turner Maria (S) Turner Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Fourth Genre: Explorations in Nonfiction (2011) 13 (1): 91–97. https://doi.org/10.2307/41939101 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Maria (S) Turner; Double Name. Fourth Genre: Explorations in Nonfiction 1 February 2011; 13 (1): 91–97. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/41939101 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveMichigan State University PressFourth Genre: Explorations in Nonfiction Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. © 2011 Michigan State Univeristy Board of Trustees2011 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Broken symmetry and the formation of hot-electron domains in real-space-transfer transistors (1991)

Real-space-transfer (RST) transistors are studied theoretically. In a symmetric configuration, with no voltage applied between the channel electrodes, we find anomalous steady states in which the RST is driven by the fringing field from the collector electrode. Some of these states are unconditionally stable and hence accessible experimentally. Our study elucidates the formation of hot-electron domains, which is shown to be a discontinuous process that passes the control of electron heating from the drain to the collector. Multiply connected current-voltage characteristics are predicted.
A Proposed IT Ethical Behavioral Model (2008)

This chapter advances IT ethics research by surveying the literature regarding IT ethical behavior models and proposes an IT ethical behavioral model for further research. A proposed conceptual ethical behavior model is based on an initial meta-analysis of most of the ethical research. The proposed model suggests that ethical behavioral intention is influenced by an individual’s attitude (which in turn is influenced by a variety of other factors such as perceived importance of the issue, consequences of the action, and beliefs), as well as other elements from the Theory of Planned Behavior, equity theory, the environment, control, norms, past ethical behavior, and individual characteristics. This proposed model provides a basis for additional research that should foster a better understanding regarding ethical/unethical behavior and determinants of that behavior. Results from further research in ethical behavior will provide a better understanding of unethical behavior and inappropriate acts allowing organizations to develop realistic training programs for IT professionals, users, and managers as well as incorporate effective deterrent and preventive measures that can curb the rising tide of undesired misuse and unethical behavior in the IT arena.
Incidence and persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in whirlpools (1988)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from seven commercial and two residential whirlpools that were treated with halogens. None of the commercial whirlpools was constantly maintained at appropriate disinfection levels. Superchlorination or the draining, cleaning, disinfection, and refilling of whirlpools markedly reduced densities of P. aeruginosa in whirlpool water, but the bacterial populations were rapidly reestablished (less than 10(3) cells per ml) when disinfectant concentrations decreased below recommended levels (chlorine, 3.0 ppm [3.0 micrograms/ml]; bromine, 6.0 ppm). P. aeruginosa in the water was replenished from various sources, such as hoses used to fill the whirlpool and the biofilm in the filter and piping of the whirlpool systems. Daily monitoring and adjustment of chemical characteristics (regardless of bather load) were essential for controlling densities of P. aeruginosa.
PRELIMINARY RADAR ANALYSIS SHIP-IN-THE-ICE, FEBRUARY 1977: FIELD DATA REPORT NO. 16 (1979)

Four channel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery of ocean swell patterns in ice in the Labrador Sea was obtained during February, 1977 under Project SAR '77. Surface data regarding direction, period and approximate height were collected simultaneously from a ship. Tilt modulation, roughness modulation, orbital velocity, parametric effects and vertical scatterer motion models for the SAR imaging of ocean waves were examined for applicability; none appear to fully describe the collected imagery. A discussion on distortions imposed by moving waves on all scanning sensors, such as SAR, is included, and the corrections are estimated for the SAR data presented. The ability to image wave patterns in ice is important in that it may enable ice observers to distinguish between areas of solid ice sheets and unconsolidated pack.
Recent progress in cobalt-mediated [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions (2006)

For many years, our research group has been interested in the new developments of cobalt-mediated cyclizations. In this article, our recent achievements in the field of inter- and intramolecular [2 + 2 + 2] cyclizations are compiled.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative C—H/C—H Coupling of Azine and Indole/Pyrrole Nuclei: Palladium Catalysis and Synthesis of Eudistomin U. (2011)

Abstract A new method for the oxidative C—H/C—H coupling of aromatic N‐oxides and indole/pyrrole nuclei is developed.
AN AUTOMATED VISUAL EVENT DETECTION SYSTEM FOR CABLED OBSERVATORY VIDEO (2008)

The permanent presence of underwater cameras on cabled observatories, such as the Victoria Experimental Network Under the Sea (VENUS) and Eye-In-The-Sea (EITS) on Monterey Accelerated Research System (MARS), will generate precious data that can move forward the boundaries of understanding the underwater world. However, sightings of underwater animal activities are rare, resulting in the recording of many hours of video with relatively few events of interest. Towards this end, an automated visual event detection system is in development at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) to address the problem of analyzing cabled observatory video. This paper describes the overall design of the development of a system to process video data and enable science users to analyze the results.
Commercial Emulsion Breaking (1992)

This chapter's purpose is to share the qualitative perspective of emulsion breaking held by the petroleum industry at the production or refining operations level. Incorporation of site-specific data is avoided in favor of broader conceptual information to emphasize that each commercial facility must be viewed as unique when developing emulsion-breaking goals and methods. Theories of emulsions and demulsification, variability of applied chemicals, and limitations of present demulsifier selection techniques are presented. This chapter reinforces the belief that a qualitative view of emulsion breaking is essential at this time for the petroleum industry, unless the number of variables is reduced, typically by studying each commercial facility or crude oil as a unique case. If such study is economically feasible, valid models for predicting emulsion-breaking performance may be developed and applied on a wider scale.
Cellular model system to dissect the isoform-selectivity of Akt inhibitors (2021)

The protein kinase Akt plays a pivotal role in cellular processes. However, its isoforms' distinct functions have not been resolved to date, mainly due to the lack of suitable biochemical and cellular tools. Against this background, we present the development of an isoform-dependent Ba/F3 model system to translate biochemical results on isoform specificity to the cellular level. Our cellular model system complemented by protein X-ray crystallography and structure-based ligand design results in covalent-allosteric Akt inhibitors with unique selectivity profiles. In a first proof-of-concept, the developed molecules allow studies on isoform-selective effects of Akt inhibition in cancer cells. Thus, this study will pave the way to resolve isoform-selective roles in health and disease and foster the development of next-generation therapeutics with superior on-target properties.
Deletion 17q12 Is a Recurrent Copy Number Variant that Confers High Risk of Autism and Schizophrenia (2010)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia are neurodevelopmental disorders for which recent evidence indicates an important etiologic role for rare copy number variants (CNVs) and suggests common genetic mechanisms. We performed cytogenomic array analysis in a discovery sample of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders referred for clinical testing. We detected a recurrent 1.4 Mb deletion at 17q12, which harbors HNF1B, the gene responsible for renal cysts and diabetes syndrome (RCAD), in 18/15,749 patients, including several with ASD, but 0/4,519 controls. We identified additional shared phenotypic features among nine patients available for clinical assessment, including macrocephaly, characteristic facial features, renal anomalies, and neurocognitive impairments. In a large follow-up sample, the same deletion was identified in 2/1,182 ASD/neurocognitive impairment and in 4/6,340 schizophrenia patients, but in 0/47,929 controls (corrected p = 7.37 × 10⁻⁵). These data demonstrate that deletion 17q12 is a recurrent, pathogenic CNV that confers a very high risk for ASD and schizophrenia and show that one or more of the 15 genes in the deleted interval is dosage sensitive and essential for normal brain development and function. In addition, the phenotypic features of patients with this CNV are consistent with a contiguous gene syndrome that extends beyond RCAD, which is caused by HNF1B mutations only.
Membrane digestion and transport under physiological conditions: a review of available data. (1985)

A technique to study membrane digestion and transport in the small intestine under physiological conditions has been developed. The technique is based on a continuous perfusion of a chronically isolated loop of the rat small intestine. Membrane hydrolysis and transport of some nutrients in the rat small intestine in chronic, as well as in acute (in situ) experiments was investigated. The absorption of hexoses and amino acids has been found to be 2.5-4 times higher under physiological conditions than in acute in situ experiments. Both the active transport of glucose released from maltose hydrolysis and the hydrolysis of the latter is increased under physiological conditions. A coupling between the final stages of hydrolysis and the initial stages of transport in chronic experiments was shown to be highly efficient; practically all or nearly all glucose released is being transported without entering the luminal phase. The hydrolysis rate of starch during the perfusion of a small intestinal segment in chronic experiments is many times higher than that in acute experiments or under anaesthesia. The enzymatic and transport activities revealed using a widely accepted technique in situ, the more so, in vitro account for only a small fraction of those which are typical of undisturbed processes under conditions close to the physiological. The levels of functioning of the digestive-transport systems of the small intestine considered as natural levels developed in the process of evolution, actually reflect only residual processes and, in most cases, they account for 1/3 to 1/10 of the true level of an actual physiological process.
Simplified Han–Kobayashi Coding Strategy for Tb/s Optical Superchannel Transmissions (2015)

We propose a simplified strategy as a special case of Han–Kobayashi coding to handle inter-channel interference in optical superchannels. The proposed scheme achieves higher than Tb/s data rates while the complexity for superposition coding is avoided.
NEAT Particles: Design, Representation, and Animation of Particle System Effects (2007)

Particle systems are a representation, computation, and rendering method for special effects such as fire, smoke, explosions, electricity, water, magic, and many other phenomena. This paper presents NEAT particles, a new design, representation, and animation method for particle systems tailored to real-time effects in video games and simulations. In NEAT particles, the neuroevolution of augmenting topologies (NEAT) method evolves artificial neural networks (ANN) that control the appearance and motion of particles. NEAT particles affords three primary advantages over traditional particle effect development methods. First, it decouples the creation of new particle effects from mathematics and programming, enabling users with little knowledge of either to produce complex effects. Second, it allows content designers to evolve a broader range of effects than typical development tools through a form of interactive evolutionary computation (IEC). And finally, it acts as a concept generator, allowing users to interactively explore the space of possible effects. In the future such a system may allow content to be evolved in the game itself, as it is played