gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Parametric blind deconvolution of microscopic images: further results</title> (1998)

Blind deconvolution microscopy, the simultaneous estimation of the specimen function and the point spread function (PSF) of the microscope is an under-determined problem with non- unique solutions. The non-uniqueness is commonly avoided by enforcing constraints on both the specimen function and the PSF, such as non-negativity and band limitation. These constraints are sometimes enforced in ad hoc ways. In addition, many of the existing methods for blind deconvolution estimate the PSF pixel by pixel thus greatly increasing the number of parameters to estimate the slowing the convergence of the algorithm. We derived a maximum- likelihood-based method for blind deconvolution in which we assume that the PSF follows a mathematical expression that depends on a small number of parameters. The algorithm then estimates the unknown parameters together with the specimen function. The mathematical model ensures that all the constraints of the PSF are satisfied and the maximum likelihood approach ensures that the specimen is non- negative. This parametric blind deconvolution method successfully removes out-of-focus blur but its degree of success depends on the features of the specimen. Specimen features that fall in mostly the null space of the PSF are more difficult to recover and make PSF estimation more difficult.
Roles of ghrelin in left-ventricular remodelling after acute myocardial infarction (2010)

To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows a relation between circulating ghrelin after AMI and the progression of LV remodelling in the chronic phase. The elevation of ghrelin after AMI might be a compensatory mechanism to attenuate LV remodelling.
Electrochemical Detection of O,O-Diethyldithiophosphoric Acid at a Tosflex Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (2002)

In this study, the electroanalytical application of Tosflex, a perfluoro-anion-exchange membrane which has not been studied as much as Nafion and poly(4-vinylpyridine), is demonstrated using diethyldithiophosphoric acid (DEDTP) as an example. DEDTP dimerizes upon electrochemical oxidation at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), but the current corresponding to this oxidation is rather small for analytical purpose. A Tosflex polymer film modified glassy carbon electrode (TFGCE) was fabricated to improve the detection of DEDTP. In a pH 5.5 solution, DEDTP deprotonated to DEDTP− anion which was accumulated onto TFGCE by the anion-exchange feature of Tosflex followed by square-wave voltammetric determination. With 3 min accumulation, the analytical signal versus concentration dependence was linear from 2 ppb (1.07×10−8 M) to 400 ppb (2.16×10−6 M) with a regression coefficient of 0.995 and a detection limit of 0.4 ppb (2.1×10−9 M). Unlike many other anion-exchange polymer modified electrodes, the TFGCE showed excellent stability over the studied pH range of 1–9.
Optimized zone design for location-based resource allocation in mobile D2D underlay networks (2016)

Radio resource management plays a crucial role in the context of mobile Device-to-Device (D2D) communication with strict requirements on the quality of service. Addressing some of the faced issues we have previously defined a Location Dependent Resource Allocation Scheme (LDRAS). In this work we enhance its performance in heterogeneous radio propagation environments. To this end, we optimize the transmission parameters for D2D communication by employing sequential quadratic programming and formalize the definition of the underlying zone topology by means of hierarchical clustering. Moreover, we compare the performance of the enhanced LDRAS against a selected state-of-the-art reference scheme with respect to the reliability and availability requirements of automotive applications.
A novel laser-induced fluorescence scheme for Ar-I in a plasma (2016)

Here we describe a novel infrared laser-induced fluorescence scheme for the 1s2 state of Ar-I using an 841.052 nm (vacuum) Sacher tunable diode laser oscillator and compare it to an established 667.913 nm (vacuum) 1s4-pumping Ar-I LIF scheme using a master oscillator power amplifier laser [A. M. Keesee et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 4091 (2004)]. The novel scheme exhibits a significantly greater signal-to-noise ratio for a given injected laser power than the established scheme. We argue that this is caused by less intense spontaneous Ar-I radiation near the LIF emission wavelength for the 1s2 scheme as compared to the 1s4 scheme. In addition we present an updated iodine cell spectrum around the 1s4 LIF scheme pump wavelength.
Acute‐phase reactant proteins and antioxidants in rats intoxicated chronically with paraquat (1995)

Paraquat dichloride at 250 ppm in the diet was fed continuously to rats. Though no apparent effect of paraquat was observed until 10 d, some rats then began to show several symptoms such as diarrhea, anorexia, epistaxis, and hypokinesia, and in some cases rats died after this period. The biochemical examination of plasma components revealed appreciable changes in the concentrations of an acute-phase reactant protein and some vitamins that act as antioxidants. alpha-Cysteine proteinase inhibitor increased by 5-fold, and vitamin C and its radical increased by 1.5- and 1.7-fold, respectively, whereas alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor decreased slightly. Paraquat enhanced the cysteine proteinase inhibitor levels in lung, liver, and kidney by 6.2-, 6.0-, and 4.5-fold of control, respectively. Among three components of alpha-cysteine proteinase inhibitor, the T kininogen level of treated rat plasma was about eight-fold higher than control, whereas the high-molecular-weight kininogen level was unchanged. The large increment of T kininogen was also seen in lungs of the treated rats.
Characterization of anN-Acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase from Human Respiratory Mucosa Active on Mucin Carbohydrate Chains (1997)

A microsomal GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferase activity from human bronchial mucosa, able to transfer a sulfate group from adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate onto methyl-N-acetylglucosaminides or terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues of carbohydrate chains from human respiratory mucins, has been characterized. The reaction products containing a terminal HO3S-6GlcNAc were identified by high performance anion-exchange chromatography. Using methyl-beta-N-acetylglucosaminide as a substrate, the optimal activity was obtained with 0.1% Triton X-100, 30 mM NaF, 20 mM Mn2+, 5 mM AMP in a 30 mM MOPS (3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid) buffer at pH 6.7. The apparent Km values for adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate and methyl-beta-N-acetylglucosaminide were observed at 9.1 x 10(-6) M and 0.54 x 10(-3) M, respectively. The enzyme had more affinity for carbohydrate chains with a terminal GlcNAc residue than for methyl-beta-N-acetylglucosaminide; it was unable to catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of the GlcNAc residue contained in a terminal Galbeta1-4GlcNAc sequence. However, oligosaccharides with a nonreducing terminal HO3S-6GlcNAc were substrates for a beta1-4 galactosyltransferase from human bronchial mucosa. These data point out that GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferase must act before beta1-4 galactosylation in mucin-type oligosaccharide biosynthesis.
Syntheses of Conducting Polymer Nanoparticles in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Solvent (2009)

超臨界二酸化炭素(scCO2)を溶媒として用いた化学酸化重合法によりピロール(Py)を重合し，導電性高分子であるポリピロール(PPy)を得た．反応開始剤として，scCO2 に可溶なビストリフルオロアセトキシヨードベンゼン(BTI)を用いることで，助溶媒等の有機溶媒を必要としない溶媒フリーな導電性高分子の重合プロセスとした．得られた PPy の形状を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)および動的光散乱(DLS)により評価した．得られた形状と実験条件の関係から粒子径分布幅の狭いナノ粒子となる条件を決定し，PPy ナノ粒子の合成を検討した．この結果，Py 0.1 M，BTI 0.005 M，圧力 20 MPa，温度 40℃，反応時間 1 h を最適条件とした．この反応条件において，50～90 nm 程度の粒子径分布幅の狭いナノ粒子が得られることが明らかとなった．さらに，ピロール誘導体の一つである 3-ヘプチルピロール(HPy)についてもナノ粒子の合成に成功した．
Novel arterial pathology in mice and humans hemizygous for elastin. (1998)

Obstructive vascular disease is an important health problem in the industrialized world. Through a series of molecular genetic studies, we demonstrated that loss-of-function mutations in one elastin allele cause an inherited obstructive arterial disease, supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS). To define the mechanism of elastin's effect, we generated mice hemizygous for the elastin gene (ELN +/-). Although ELN mRNA and protein were reduced by 50% in ELN +/- mice, arterial compliance at physiologic pressures was nearly normal. This discrepancy was explained by a paradoxical increase of 35% in the number of elastic lamellae and smooth muscle in ELN +/- arteries. Examination of humans with ELN hemizygosity revealed a 2. 5-fold increase in elastic lamellae and smooth muscle. Thus, ELN hemizygosity in mice and humans induces a compensatory increase in the number of rings of elastic lamellae and smooth muscle during arterial development. Humans are exquisitely sensitive to reduced ELN expression, developing profound arterial thickening and markedly increased risk of obstructive vascular disease.
Abstract 564: Inflammasome-induced Endothelial Microparticles Exert Detrimental Effects on Recipient Vascular Cells (2016)

Background: The inflammasome, a multi-protein signaling platform, is an important mediator of vascular inflammation resulting in atherosclerosis. Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane vesicles, specifically packaged and released from apoptotic cells for intercellular communication. Endothelial cell derived MPs have recently been linked to atherogenesis. Whether inflammasome activation in endothelial cells mediates MP release and thereby exert biological effects on recipient vascular cells is unknown. Methods and results: Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) were primed with 1μg/ml LPS and subsequently stimulated with 20μM Nigericin leading to a specific inflammasome activation as detected by significant upregulation of Caspase-1 mRNA in RT-PCR and protein in Westernblots (Figure1). Inflammasome activation in vascular cells lead to formation of endothelial microparticles (EMP) in a time- and dosis-dependend manner (Figure 2). Comparison of EMP with beads of known size using flow cytometric and electron microscopic imaging could point out an EMP-size between 0,1 – 1 μm (Figure 3). EMP-uptake by recipient vascular cells could be illustrated by fluorescence-microscopic imaging of PKH26 labeled EMP (Figure 4). Viability assay and scratch assay showed detrimental effects of EMPs from inflammasome activated cells on recipient vascular cells. Viability, proliferation and migration were reduced significantly 4h after treatment (Figure 5). Conclusions: We show for the first time that Nigericin, an established inflammasome activator, leads to inflammasome activation and release of microparticles by endothelial cells. Furthermore, that these microparticles are taken up by recipient vascular cells and thereby cause cell death accompanied with reduced cell migration and proliferation.
The Impact of Instrumentation and Implant Surface Technology on Cervical and Thoracolumbar Fusion (2021)

Spinal fusion has undergone significant evolution and improvement over the past 50 yr. Historically, spine fusion was noninstrumented and arthrodesis was based entirely on autograft. Improved understanding of spinal anatomy and materials science ushered in a new era of spinal fusion equipped with screw-based technologies and various interbody devices. Osteobiologics is another important realm of spine fusion, and the evolution of various osteobiologics has perhaps undergone the most change within the past 20 yr. A new element to spinal instrumentation has recently gained traction-namely, surface technology. New data suggest that surface treatments play an increasingly well-recognized role in inducing osteogenesis and successful fusion. Until now, however, there has yet to be a unified resource summarizing the existing data and a lack of consensus exists on superior technology. Here, authors provide an in-depth review on surface technology and its impact on spinal arthrodesis.
Downward Educational Trajectory Is Seen In Children And Young Adults After Diagnosis Of Pediatric MS (P2.235) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in educational and employment status in pediatric onset MS (POMS) and the relationship between educational status and brain volume. BACKGROUND: Multiple studies suggest a relationship between educational attainment and employment in adults with MS, with the underlying hypothesis that progressive MS pathology can impact cognition and subsequent work capacity. Little is known about educational trajectory and extent of MS pathology in POMS patients as they enter the employment world in adulthood. DESIGN/METHODS: Longitudinal evaluation of prospectively collected data on individuals with POMS reaching adulthood (1999-2013) attending a Pediatric MS clinic. Information collected included: demographics, annualized relapse rate (ARR), disability (EDSS), educational status, total brain volume, T1 and T2 lesion volumes, fatigue and depression. Ethics approval was received. RESULTS: 23 (F=15) individuals with POMS were included; follow up: 5.4±2.7 years; age at onset 14.1±2.3. At first attack, 100% attended school full-time (19/23 (83%) average or above average marks in school, 4/23 (17%) with an Individualized Education Plan (e.g. extra help) (IEP) or with below average marks). At last visit (average 4.5±2.9 years after diagnosis, average age 19.5±1.95) 9/23 (39%) had discontinued school, had below average marks, or had an IEP. MRI analysis (n=14) demonstrated age-expected brain volumes. The decline in educational performance was not significantly associated with the presence of fatigue, depression, EDSS, relapse rate, brain volume or lesion load. CONCLUSIONS: Despite preserved brain volumes and relatively low levels of disability, POMS patients demonstrated a decline in educational attainment. Future studies will explore (1) more detailed cognitive analyses, (2) tissue specific analysis using advanced brain imaging techniques to determine whether degenerative changes within individuals can account in part for this downward trajectory in education and (3) the relationship between this downward trajectory and subsequent employment.
Characterisation of Arabidopsis thaliana anther-specific gene which shares sequence similarity with β-1,3-glucanases (1994)

Callase is a complex of β-1,3-glucanase activities which play a crucial role in microsporogenesis. During microsporogenesis, archaesporial cells in the anther give rise to microsporocytes and tapetal cells (Fig. 1). In almost all higher plants a thick wall of callose, β-1,3-glucan polymer, is deposited between the cell membrane and the primary cell wall of the microsporocyte. As meiosis progresses, callose is also deposited along the cellular plates formed during cytokinesis, until each individual microspore is completely encased in callose. The tapetum forms a single layer of cells surrounding the anther locule. The tapetum is an extremely metabolically active tissue and is thought to play a nutritive role in microspore development (Chapman, 1987). Another critical function of the tapetum is the synthesis of callase which is required for the dissolution of the callose walls of the tetrad (Frankel, Izhar & Nitsan, 1969). After the primary and callosic walls of the tetrad have been degraded, the individual microspores are freed into the locule and continue their development into mature pollen grains. The developmental importance of callase activity is illustrated by the occurrence of mutants in petunia and sorghum where callase activity is premature (Frankel et al., 1969; Warmke & Overman, 1972) or delayed (Izhar & Frankel, 1971). These plants are male sterile because the inappropriate expression of callase results in microspore abortion. More recently, work by Worrall et al. (1992) demonstrated that premature secretion of an engineered β-1,3-glucanase from the tapetum of tobacco resulted in partial or total male sterility.
Poisoning Attacks on Data-Driven Utility Learning in Games (2018)

Game theory has been employed for modeling agents' decisions in various science and engineering fields. Game theoretic analysis often assumes that the utility function of each agent is known a priori, and yet this assumption does not hold for many real-world applications. The combination of Internet of Things (IoT) and advanced data analysis techniques has stimulated fruitful research on learning agents' utility functions from data. Just as many other data-driven methods, utility learning also suffers from potential security risks. Due to the great economic value of accurate forecasting of agents' behaviors, there are huge incentives for adversaries to attack utility learning methods by poisoning training datasets and mislead predictions to achieve malicious goals. In this paper, we introduce and analyze optimal poisoning attack strategies in order to understand adversarial actions and further encourage potential defenses. Moreover, we study how an adversary might disguise the attacks by mimicking normal actions. The proposed attack strategies are evaluated on both synthetic and real-world social energy game data, and the results show that the root mean squared error in predicting agents' actions increases by up to 67 % by adding only 5 % well-crafted poisoning training instances.
BIOTIN. IV. A SECOND SYNTHESIS OF 2-(δ-CARBOXYBUTYL)-THIOPHANE-3,4-DICARBOXYLIC ACID (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBIOTIN. IV. A SECOND SYNTHESIS OF 2-(δ-CARBOXYBUTYL)-THIOPHANE-3,4-DICARBOXYLIC ACIDB. R. BAKER, MERLE V. QUERRY, SEYMOUR BERNSTEIN, S. R. SAFIR, and Y. SUBBAROWCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1947, 12, 1, 167–173Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01165a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01165a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characteristics of Circular RNA Expression Profiles of Porcine Granulosa Cells in Healthy and Atretic Antral Follicles (2020)

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are thought to play essential roles in multiple biological processes, including apoptosis, an important process in antral follicle atresia. We aimed to investigate the potential involvement of circRNAs in granulosa cell apoptosis and thus antral follicle atresia. CircRNA expression profiles were generated from porcine granulosa cells isolated from healthy antral (HA) and atretic antral (AA) follicles. Over 9632 circRNAs were identified, of which 62 circRNAs were differentially expressed (DE-circRNAs). Back-splicing, RNase R resistance, and stability of DE-circRNAs were validated, and miRNA binding sites and related target genes were predicted. Two exonic circRNAs with low false discovery rate (FDR) high fold change, miRNA binding sites, and relevant biological functions-circ_CBFA2T2 and circ_KIF16B-were selected for further characterization. qRT-PCR and linear regression analysis confirmed expression and correlation of the targeted genes-the antioxidant gene <i>GCLC</i> (potential target of circ_CBFA2T2) and the apoptotic gene <i>TP53</i> (potential target of circ_KIF16B). Increased mRNA content of <i>TP53</i> in granulosa cells of AA follicles was further confirmed by strong immunostaining of both p53 and its downstream target pleckstrin homology like domain family a member 3 (PHLDA3) in AA follicles compared to negligible staining in granulosa cells of HA follicles. Therefore, we concluded that aberrantly expressed circRNAs presumably play a potential role in antral follicular atresia.
Effects of post-deposition anneal on the electrical properties of Si3N4 gate dielectric (2002)

The effects of postdeposition anneal of chemical vapor deposited silicon nitride are studied. The Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> films were in situ annealed in either H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (2%)/O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> at 950/spl deg/C or N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O at 950/spl deg/C in a rapid thermal oxidation system. It is found that an interfacial oxide was grown at the Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> /Si interface by both postdeposition anneal conditions. This was confirmed by thickness measurement and X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The devices with H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (2%)/O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> anneal exhibit a lower gate leakage current and improved reliability compared to that of N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O anneal. This improvement is attributed to a greater efficiency of generating atomic oxygen in the presence of a small amount of hydrogen, leading to the elimination of structural defects in the as-deposited Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> film by the atomic oxygen. Good drivability is also demonstrated on a 0.12 μm n-MOSFET device.
Organic Salts as p-Type Dopants for Efficient LiTFSI-Free Perovskite Solar Cells (2020)

Despite the ubiquity and importance of organic hole-transport materials in photovoltaic devices, their intrinsic low conductivity remains a drawback. Thus, chemical doping is an indispensable solution to this drawback and is essentially always required. The most widely used p-type dopant, FK209, is a cobalt coordination complex. By reducing Co(III) to Co(II), Spiro-OMeTAD becomes partially oxidized, and the film conductivity is initially increased. In order to further increase the conductivity, the hygroscopic co-dopant LiTFSI is typically needed. However, lithium salts are normally quite hygroscopic, and thus, water absorption has been suggested as a significant reason for perovskite degradation and therefore limited device stability. In this work, we report a LiTFSI-free doping process by applying organic salts in relatively high amounts. The film conductivity and morphology have been studied at different doping amounts. The resulting solar cell devices show comparable power conversion efficiencies to those based on conventional LiTFSI-doped Spiro-OMeTAD but show considerably better long-term device stability in an ambient atmosphere.
Evidence against a contribution of conventional urine risk factors to de novo ESRD renal stones (2005)

Usual stone risk factors did not correlate with new stones during dialysis.