gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM OF Si$_3$ (2011)

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; Chemistry Department and Biochemistry, U. of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Chemistry Department, Virgina Tech, Blackbury VA 24061, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Sentinel Node Biopsy Guided by Indocyanin Green Dye in Breast Cancer Patients (1999)

Sentinel node biopsy guided by indocyanin green dye is an easy technique with an acceptable success rate in detecting sentinel nodes and predicting axillary nodal status. Axillary node status, the presence or absence of lymphatic or vascular invasion in the tumor and patient age affect its success in identifying sentinel nodes.
Frequency of varus and valgus thrust and factors associated with thrust presence in persons with or at higher risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (2010)

Compared with Caucasians, African Americans had lower odds of varus thrust and greater odds of valgus thrust. These findings may help explain the difference between these groups in the pattern of OA involvement at the knee.
Integrating object-oriented scripting languages with HyTime (1994)

HyTime provides a comprehensive set of primitives for composing hypermedia documents, but does not provide facilities for representing interaction or dynamic behavior, areas which are required in commercial multimedia authoring environments. In previous work we have developed and implemented a prototype HyTime engine called HyOctane in which HyTime interactive multimedia documents can be stored and retrieved. We extend this work to include scripting language facilities, an area currently not dealt with by the standard but which is crucial in order to represent interactive multimedia documents. We compare different approaches to integrating HyTime document type definitions with scripts and describe the extensions to our engine architecture and implementation status.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Efficacy and Safety of Denileukin Diftitox (Ontak®) in the Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) According to CD25 Status. (2006)

Abstract Denileukin diftitox, an interleukin-2 (IL-2)-diphtheria toxin fusion protein, binds to and intoxicates cells expressing the medium (CD122, CD132) and high affinity (CD25, CD122, CD132) IL-2 receptor. Because its role in patients whose tumors tested negative for the CD25 component of the receptor had not been prospectively studied, we initiated a prospective, open label, multi-center study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of denileukin diftitox in CTCL patients according to CD25 status (CD25+ and CD25-). Patients with pathologically proven, persistent or recurrent CTCL Stages IB-IVA were treated with denileukin diftitox at a dose of 18 mcg/kg/day x 5 days every 21 days for up to 8 cycles. Expression of CD25 by tumor cells in skin biopsies was determined by IHC or flow cytometry at a central laboratory and investigators were blinded to CD25 status. Response was based on improvement in skin involvement by weighted skin assessment for lesion type (patch, plaque, tumor) and blood involvement based on quantitation of Sezary cells. Safety was evaluated based on reports of Grade 3 and 4 toxicities (NCI CTC version 2.0). Sixty-one pts were enrolled and treated with denileukin diftitox. Disease stages were: I-IIA (n=14), IIB (n=22), III (n=11) and IV (n=14). Eighteen (29.5%) had blood involvement. Fifty-seven pts completed at least one cycle of treatment and were evaluable for response. Four pts were excluded because they had Stage IVB (visceral) disease (n=2), did not have a post baseline skin assessment recorded (n=1), or did not complete the first cycle (n=1). The median number of cycles of denileukin diftitox was 4 (range 1–13). The overall response rate (CR+PR) was 53% (30/57, 95% CI 40–66%), with 2 CR. Of the 57 evaluable pts, tumor was CD25+ in 34 (70%), CD25- in 14 (25%) and unknown in 9. Response rate was similar in patients whose tumor tested CD25+ (56%, 95% CI: 39–73%), and CD25- (43%, 95% CI: 17–69%) (p=0.41). For the 61 patients the most common grade 3/4 toxicities included constitutional symptoms (11%) and metabolic/laboratory abnormalities (36%). One patient with significant cardiopulmonary disease died of myocardial infarction while on therapy. The frequency of grade 3/4 toxicities was similar in CD25+ 64% (23/36), vs CD25- 75% (12/16) (p=0.62). In conclusion, we found that 70% of the CTCL pts evaluated for this study tested CD25+ and that the response rates and safety profile of denileukin diftitox in CD25+ and CD25- patients were similar. These data support a role for denileukin diftitox in the treatment of CTCL regardless of CD25 status.
Subanesthetic Concentrations of Isoflurane Suppress Learning as Defined by the Category-Example Task (1993)

The ED50 that suppressed explicit learning in our volunteers equaled that previously reported (0.2 MAC) for implicit learning in volunteers measured using a different task. Combined, these results suggest that less than 0.45 MAC isoflurane suppresses learning in volunteers.
A gene for autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hereditary hearing impairment maps to 4p16.3 (1995)

Mapping genes for nonsyndromic hereditary hearing impairment may lead to identification of genes that are essential for the development and preservation of hearing. We studied a family with autosomal dominant, progressive, low frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Linkage analysis employing microsatellite polymorphic markers revealed a fully linked marker (D4S126) at 4p16.3, a gene-rich region containing IT15, the gene for Huntington's disease (HD). For D4S126, the logarithm-of-odds (lod) score was 3.64 at theta = 0, and the overall maximum lod score was 5.05 at theta = 0.05 for D4S412. Analysis of recombinant individuals maps the disease gene to a 1.7 million base pair (Mb) region between D4S412 and D4S432. Genes for two types of mutant mice with abnormal cochleovestibular function, tilted (tlt) and Bronx waltzer (bv), have been mapped to the syntenic region of human 4p16.3 on mouse chromosome 5. Further studies with the goals of cloning a gene for autosomal nonsyndromic hearing impairment and identifying the murine homologue may explain the role of this gene in the development and function of the cochlea.
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva in Three Filipino Children (2020)

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a debilitating, rare, autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue characterized by malformed great toes and by progressive endochondral ossification of extra-skeletal sites (e.g., muscles, tendons, fascia) triggered by trauma, soft tissue injury, muscle fatigue, or viral infections. We present three children affected with FOP with this classic clinical presentation, the first reported cases in the Philippines, thus extending the range of classic FOP to new geographic and ethnic locations. Two of the affected children are siblings who have the common ACVR1 R206H mutation associated with classic FOP; this mutation was not found in their parents who are phenotypically unaffected, providing evidence of germline mosaicism in FOP. To our knowledge, this is the first family with genetic testing done showing presence of the classic mutation in affected siblings not seen in the unaffected parents.
A stochastic control framework for regulating collective behaviors of an angiogenesis cell population (2008)

This paper presents a framework for controlling the development of a vascular system in an in vitro angiogenesis process. Based on on-line measurement of cell growth and a stochastic model of cell population, a closed-loop control system is developed for regulating the process of cell migration and tissue formation. Angiogenesis develops in a wet environment and it is difficult to control each and every cell individually and specifically. Instead, chemical and mechanical stimuli can be applied pervasively to the whole process as global control inputs, which can allow for control of collective behaviors of the cell population. This paper formulates a systems level description of the angiogenesis process and proposes a control scheme that chooses global control inputs to drive collective cell patterns, such as branch density per unit length of sprout, toward a desired goal. In response to control inputs, the k-step ahead prediction of collective cell pattern is evaluated, and the input that is most likely to bring the predicted cell pattern to the desired one is selected for the current control. Simulation demonstrates that the global branch density of a simplified angiogenesis model can be controlled using this technique. To our knowledge, this paper is the first to formulate feedback control for regulating an in vitro angiogenesis process.
MR Imaging-Based Evidence of Vasogenic Brain Edema in a Case of Acute Acetone Intoxication: Fig 1. (2008)

Acute intoxication with acetone is uncommon and presents with neurologic symptoms and high acetone concentrations in brain parenchyma.[1][1] Chronic acetone intoxication has been described in painters.[2][2] A 31-year-old woman was admitted in a lethargic state with markedly increased muscle tone
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) (2010)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV), the prototype of the herpesvirus family, causes a variety of diseases in human. In this review, I focus on the molecular mechanism of HSV infection including recent advance on this research field.
Theoretical Insights Into the Depolymerization Mechanism of Lignin to Methyl p-hydroxycinnamate by [Bmim][FeCl4] Ionic Liquid (2019)

Depolymerization of lignin into valuable aromatic compounds is an important starting point for its valorization strategies, which requires the cleavage of C-O and C-C bonds between lignin monomer units. The catalytic cleavage of these bonds is still difficult and challenging. Our previous experimental investigation (Green Chem., 2018, 20: 3743) has shown that methyl p-hydroxycinnamate (<b>MPC</b>) can be produced from molecular tailoring of H unit in lignin by the cleavage of the γ-O ester bond. In this study, the mechanism of [Bmim][FeCl<sub>4</sub>]-catalyzed depolymerization of lignin was investigated by using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The results reveal that [FeCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup> anion of the catalyst plays a decisive role in the whole catalytic process, where two possible activation modes including three different potential reaction pathways can realize the depolymerization of lignin model compound. The calculated overall barriers of the catalytic conversion along these potential routes show that the third potential pathway, i.e., methanol firstly activated by [Bmim][FeCl<sub>4</sub>], has the most probability with the lowest energy barrier, while the second pathway is excluded because the energy barrier is too high. Also, the results illustrate that the solvent effect is beneficial to the reduction of the relative energy for the reaction to form the transition states. Hence, the obtained molecular level information can identify the favorable conversion process catalyzed by metallic ionic liquids to a certain extent, and it is desirable to enhance the utilization of biomass as a ubiquitous feedstock.
Cbfβ Is a Novel Modulator against Osteoarthritis by Maintaining Articular Cartilage Homeostasis through TGF-β Signaling (2023)

TGF-β signaling is a vital regulator for maintaining articular cartilage homeostasis. Runx transcription factors, downstream targets of TGF-β signaling, have been studied in the context of osteoarthritis (OA). Although Runx partner core binding factor β (Cbfβ) is known to play a pivotal role in chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation, the role of Cbfβ in maintaining articular cartilage integrity remains obscure. This study investigated Cbfβ as a novel anabolic modulator of TGF-β signaling and determined its role in articular cartilage homeostasis. Cbfβ significantly decreased in aged mouse articular cartilage and human OA cartilage. Articular chondrocyte-specific <i>Cbfb</i>-deficient mice (<i>Cbfb</i><sup>△<i>ac/</i>△<i>ac</i></sup>) exhibited early cartilage degeneration at 20 weeks of age and developed OA at 12 months. <i>Cbfb</i><sup>△<i>ac/</i>△<i>ac</i></sup> mice showed enhanced OA progression under the surgically induced OA model in mice. Mechanistically, forced expression of Cbfβ rescued Type II collagen (Col2α1) and Runx1 expression in Cbfβ-deficient chondrocytes. TGF-β1-mediated Col2α1 expression failed despite the p-Smad3 activation under TGF-β1 treatment in Cbfβ-deficient chondrocytes. Cbfβ protected Runx1 from proteasomal degradation through Cbfβ/Runx1 complex formation. These results indicate that Cbfβ is a novel anabolic regulator for cartilage homeostasis, suggesting that Cbfβ could protect OA development by maintaining the integrity of the TGF-β signaling pathway in articular cartilage.
Finding the Fermat point via analysis (2014)

Let $P_1,P_2,P_3$ be three given points in $\mathbf{R}^2$, and $P$ be an arbitrary point in $\mathbf{R}^2$. The classical Fermat's problem to Torricelli asks for the location of the point $P$ such that $|PP_1|+|PP_2|+|PP_3|$ is a minimum. There exist several elegant geometrical solutions in the literature.In this note, we consider finding the Fermat point by using methods in advanced calculus. The main tools we use are the extreme value theorem,Fermat's theorem, and the intermediate value theorem.
Energy‐dependent dynamics of keV to MeV electrons in the inner zone, outer zone, and slot regions (2015)

Abstract We present observations of the radiation belts from the Helium Oxygen Proton Electron and Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer particle detectors on the Van Allen Probes satellites that illustrate the energy dependence and L shell dependence of radiation belt enhancements and decays. We survey events in 2013 and analyze an event on 1 March in more detail. The observations show the following: (a) at all L shells, lower energy electrons are enhanced more often than higher energies; (b) events that fill the slot region are more common at lower energies; (c) enhancements of electrons in the inner zone are more common at lower energies; and (d) even when events do not fully fill the slot region, enhancements at lower energies tend to extend to lower L shells than higher energies. During enhancement events the outer zone extends to lower L shells at lower energies while being confined to higher L shells at higher energies. The inner zone shows the opposite with an outer boundary at higher L shells for lower energies. Both boundaries are nearly straight in log(energy) versus L shell space. At energies below a few 100 keV, radiation belt electron penetration through the slot region into the inner zone is commonplace, but the number and frequency of “slot filling” events decreases with increasing energy. The inner zone is enhanced only at energies that penetrate through the slot. Energy‐ and L shell‐dependent losses (that are consistent with whistler hiss interactions) return the belts to more quiescent conditions.
Immunohistochemical studies of wound healing after monopolar electrocautery and ultrasound submucosal inferior nasal turbinate reduction in sheep (2013)

Correlation of fibronectin and collagen III immunoreactivity to histopathologic findings suggests different ECM repair processes between MEC and UTR turbinate tissue reduction. The use of CD68 and MMP9 provides additional clues to the mode of actions of these techniques and to the molecular and cellular events of the nasal mucosa wound healing process.
Quick and wide-range taxonomical repertoire establishment of the cystic fibrosis lung microbiota by tandem mass spectrometry on sputum samples (2022)

Microorganisms proteotyping by tandem mass spectrometry has been recently shown as a powerful methodology to identify the wide-range taxonomy and biomass of microbiota. Sputum is the recommended specimen for routine microbiological monitoring of Cystic Fibrosis (<i>CF</i>) patients but has been rarely submitted to tandem mass spectrometry-based proteotyping. In this study, we compared the microbial components of spontaneous and induced sputum samples from three cystic fibrosis patients. Although the presence of microbial proteins is much lower than host proteins, we report that the microbiota's components present in the samples can be identified, as well as host biomarkers and functional insights into the microbiota. No significant difference was found in microorganism abundance between paired spontaneous and induced sputum samples. Microbial proteins linked to resistance, iron uptake, and biofilm-forming ability were observed in sputa independently of the sampling method. This unbiased and enlarged view of the <i>CF</i> microbiome could be highly complementary to culture and relevant for the clinical management of <i>CF</i> patients by improving knowledge about the host-pathogen dynamics and <i>CF</i> pathophysiology.
Conversion of Ethylene to Liquid Hydrocarbons over Mg-ZSM-5 Zeolites. (1995)

エチレンからの液体炭化水素の合成において, 触媒としてMg-ZSM-5ゼオライト (SiO2/Al2O3比=50) を用い, その反応活性と酸点の性質をH-ZSM-5やGa-ZSM-5触媒と比較検討した。Mg-ZSM-5触媒の反応活性, 生成物の選択性などはH-ZSM-5やGa-ZSM-5触媒に比べて大きな違いはないが, 触媒寿命は約1.5倍程度長くなることがわかった。アンモニアTPDにより, Mg-ZSM-5触媒の酸点の性質について検討した。反応前のMg-ZSM-5触媒のTPDでは, H-ZSM-5やGa-ZSM-5触媒と同様に, 473～498Kおよび648K付近に二つのピークが得られた。反応後は高温側の強酸点に対応するピークはH-ZSM-5やGa-ZSM-5触媒と同様にほとんど認められなかったが, 低温側の弱酸点に対応するピークは他の2触媒に比べて大きく, 弱酸点がかなり残っていることが示された。このことが, Mg-ZSM-5触媒が他の2触媒に比べて長寿命であった原因であると推論される。また, 水素活性化能を有するガリウムや亜鉛をMg-ZSM-5触媒に含浸担持した触媒, またはこれらの金属をMg-ZSM-5触媒に物理混合して調製したハイブリッド触媒を用いると, C5+液体炭化水素の収量が増加するとともに, 触媒寿命がさらに長くなるなどの効果が得られた。これらの結果について, 水素の逆スピルオーバーの観点から考察した。
Modeling, Analysis and Implementation of Infrastructure for Model-Based Integration and Testing (2007)

To reduce the lead time and the costs of integrating and testing high-tech multi-disciplinary systems, we use formal and executable models of components for early system analysis and for early integration and testing with available component realizations. In this paper, we investigate the role of the infrastructure that establishes the interaction between the components. We include a model of the infrastructure for early system analysis and we implement a corresponding integration infrastructure to integrate and test models and realizations. Application of this approach to examples of typical interaction types proves to be rather straightforward, allowing proper analysis of system and infrastructure properties, which remain valid during model-based integration and system testing.
Acceleration support by integrated starter/alternator for automotive applications (2004)

The integrated starter / alternator (ISA) of high power generation capacities is able to address increasing power demands in land vehicles. This paper seeks to demonstrate that ISA's design, performance capabilities, and operating effciency indicate that its application can be extended to functionalities such as acceleration support. The incorporation of ISA in conventional vehicles with acceleration support features enables the vehicle to accelerate faster, ensures more reliable and smoother acceleration, provides enhanced manoeuvrability, lowers the stress as well as the response time of the internal combustion engine (ICE), and improves overall vehicle efficiency. Furthermore, acceleration support contributes towards improving fuel economy and the lowering of emissions. This paper presents an approach towards achieving acceleration support by ISA using ADVISOR as the design test tool.
A Novel Antenna Design for Passive RFID Transponders on Metal Surfaces (2006)

Metal poses a serious source of interference and loss of performance for RFID systems. This paper presents a novel antenna design for RFID transponder (tag) that enables long read/write range for tags mounted on metal surfaces. The antenna is constructed to exploit the deflection of the magnetic field operated by the metallic surface, coupling it in a coil oriented parallel with the surface. The criteria for optimizing the structure are based on EM numerical simulations and on the measurements of several prototypes
Ensemble Statistics for Diagnosing Dynamics: Tropical Cyclone Track Forecast Sensitivities Revealed by Ensemble Regression (2012)

Abstract Ensemble regression (ER) is a simple linear inverse technique that uses correlations from ensemble model output to make inferences about dynamics, models, and forecasts. ER defines a multivariate regression operator in the principal component subspaces of ensemble forecasts and analyses of atmospheric fields. ER uses the ensemble members of a predictor and a predictand field as training samples to compute the ensemble anomaly (with respect to the ensemble mean of the predictand field) with which a dynamically relevant ensemble anomaly (with respect to the ensemble mean of the predictor field) is linearly related. Specifically, an ER operator defined by the Japan Meteorological Agency’s ensemble forecast 500-hPa geopotential height and 1000-hPa potential vorticity is used to show that Supertyphoon Sepat’s (2007) track strongly covaried with the position and strength of the antecedent steering subtropical high to its northeast and the trough to its northwest. The case study illustrates how ER can identify, in real time, the dynamical processes that are particularly relevant for operational forecasters to make specific forecasting decisions and can help researchers to infer physical relationships from multivariate statistical sensitivities.
Switching Rates of Two-Branch Selection Diversity in (2010)

The switching rate of a correlated dual branch selection diversity combiner in Rayleigh and Rician fading is derived in noise-free conditions. Balanced and unbalanced branches are considered. Numerical results are presented for a space-diversity system with horizontally spaced omnidirectional antennas at a mobile station. Index Terms—Correlated, diversity, dual, fading channels, Rayleigh, Rician, selection diversity.
Concurrent error detection of fault-based side-channel cryptanalysis of 128-bit symmetric block ciphers (2001)

Fault-based side channel cryptanalysis is very effective against symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms. Although straightforward hardware and time redundancy based concurrent error detection (CED) architectures can be used to thwart such attacks, they entail significant overhead (either area or performance). In this paper we investigate systematic approaches to low-cost, low-latency CED for symmetric encryption algorithms based on the inverse relationship that exists between encryption and decryption at algorithm level, round level and operation level and develop CED architectures that explore the trade-off between area overhead, performance penalty and error detection latency. The proposed techniques have been validated on FPGA implementations of AES finalist 128-bit symmetric encryption algorithms.