gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Selection of Phase Shifting Transformer Adjustment in Optimal Power Flow (2016)

Phase shifting transformers (PSTs) can be regulated to minimize total generation cost in optimal power flow problems. Under the perception that there exists multiple optimal solutions of PST angle adjustment and better economy may be achieved by controlling a small fraction of PSTs, this letter proposes a mixed integer linear programing model to optimally determine the subset of PSTs for angle adjustment. Numerical results on several test systems including large-scale systems show that the proposed model can provide better economic dispatch with regulating a small number of PSTs.
Analysis of Verification-Based Decoding on the $q$-ary Symmetric Channel for Large $q$ (2011)

A new verification-based message-passing decoder for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is introduced and analyzed for the q-ary symmetric channel (q-SC). Rather than passing messages consisting of symbol probabilities, this decoder passes lists of possible symbols and marks some lists as verified. The density evolution (DE) equations for this decoder are derived and used to compute decoding thresholds. If the maximum list size is unbounded, then one finds that any capacity-achieving LDPC code for the binary erasure channel can be used to achieve capacity on the q -SC for large q. The decoding thresholds are also computed via DE for the case where each list is truncated to satisfy a maximum list-size constraint. Simulation results are also presented to confirm the DE results. During the simulations, we observed differences between two verification-based decoding algorithms, introduced by Luby and Mitzenmacher, that were implicitly assumed to be identical. In this paper, the node-based algorithms are evaluated via analysis and simulation. The probability of false verification (FV) is also considered and techniques are discussed to mitigate the FV. Optimization of the degree distribution is also used to improve the threshold for a fixed maximum list size. Finally, the proposed algorithm is compared with a variety of other algorithms using both density evolution thresholds and simulation results.
The OKL4 microvisor (2010)

We argue that recent hypervisor-vs-microkernel discussions completely miss the point. Fundamentally, the two classes of systems have much in common, and provide similar abstractions. We assert that the requirements for both types of systems can be met with a single set of abstractions, a single design, and a single implementation. We present partial proof of the existence of this convergence point, in the guise of the OKL4 microvisor, an industrial-strength system designed as a highly-efficient hypervisor for use in embedded systems. It is also a third-generation microkernel that aims to support the construction of similarly componentised systems as classical microkernels. Benchmarks show that the microvisor's virtualization performance is highly competitive.
Regioselective acetylation of some N‐methylpyrrole derivatives with isopropenyl acetate and different acetic anhydrides (1994)

Abstract We studied the reactions of some N ‐methylpyrrole derivatives with isopropenyl acetate and different acetic anhydrides. We have found that the reaction with isopropenyl acetate afforded 5‐acetylpyrrole derivatives while with acetic anhydrides acetylation occurred on the α‐carbon atom of the side‐chain of pyrrole‐2‐acetic acid derivatives.
Heterogeneous Bandwidth Provisioning for Virtual Machine Migration over SDN-Enabled Optical Networks (2014)

Virtual machine migration in cloud-computing environments is an important operational technique, and requires significant network bandwidth. We demonstrate that heterogeneous bandwidth (vs. homogeneous bandwidth) for migration reduces significant resource consumption in SDN-enabled optical networks.
Inactivating UBE2M Impacts the DNA Damage Response and Genome Integrity Involving Multiple Cullin Ligases (2014)

Protein neddylation is involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. Here we show that the DNA damage response is perturbed in cells inactivated with an E2 Nedd8 conjugating enzyme UBE2M, measured by RAD51 foci formation kinetics and cell based DNA repair assays. UBE2M knockdown increases DNA breakages and cellular sensitivity to DNA damaging agents, further suggesting heightened genomic instability and defective DNA repair activity. Investigating the downstream Cullin targets of UBE2M revealed that silencing of Cullin 1, 2, and 4 ligases incurred significant DNA damage. In particular, UBE2M knockdown, or defective neddylation of Cullin 2, leads to a blockade in the G1 to S progression and is associated with delayed S-phase dependent DNA damage response. Cullin 4 inactivation leads to an aberrantly high DNA damage response that is associated with increased DNA breakages and sensitivity of cells to DNA damaging agents, suggesting a DNA repair defect is associated. siRNA interrogation of key Cullin substrates show that CDT1, p21, and Claspin are involved in elevated DNA damage in the UBE2M knockdown cells. Therefore, UBE2M is required to maintain genome integrity by activating multiple Cullin ligases throughout the cell cycle.
The Effects of Active and Passive Leisure on Cognition in Children: Evidence from Exogenous Variation in Weather (2018)

Leisure time activity is often positioned as a key factor in child development, yet we know relatively little about the causal significance of various specific activities or the magnitude of their effects. Here, we couple individual fixed effects and instrumental variable approaches in trying to determine whether specific forms of leisure contribute to gains in test performance over time. We merge a restricted access version of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) Child Development Supplement (CDS), longitudinally collected from 1997 to 2007, with a database of over three million county-day observations of sunlight. We use this proxy for weather to instrument for the variation in physical, outdoor, sedentary, and screen time behaviors based on CDS time diaries. We find evidence that physical and outdoor activity positively influence math performance, while sedentary behavior and screen time exhibit the opposite effect. Moreover, the effect sizes range from a quarter to three quarters of a standard deviation per additional daily hour of activity, rendering them meaningful in a real world sense. Our stratified results indicate that children from less educated mothers and girls seem to be most sensitive to the effects of active and passive forms of leisure. We conclude with a descriptive examination of the trend lines between our data and the new 2014 CDS cohort, providing relevant contemporary context for our findings.
Integrated O, Fe, and Ti isotopic analysis elucidates multiple metal and fluid sources for magnetite from the Ernest Henry Iron oxide copper gold (IOCG) Deposit, Queensland, Australia (2022)

Iron oxide copper gold (IOCG) deposits are globally important sources of Cu; however, their origins remain poorly understood with respect to the metal and fluid sources involved in their formation. In this work, we utilize integrated Fe, Ti, and O isotopic data for magnetite to trace major metal and fluid inputs for the Proterozoic-aged Ernest Henry IOCG deposit—the largest known IOCG deposit in the Cloncurry District, Queensland, Australia. Magnetite separates from ore stage and pre-ore biotite-magnetite (bt-mgt) and magnetite-actinolite (mgt-act) alteration assemblages from Ernest Henry were analyzed for their O, Fe, and Ti isotope abundances, reported as δ18O (VSMOW), δ56Fe (IRMM-14), and δ49Ti (OL-Ti). Select magnetite samples were also analyzed for 17O (reported as Δ’17O0.5305) and range from −0.118 to −0.056 ‰—suggesting evaporitic input. The δ18O values from ore stage (+1.57 to +7.36 ‰), bt-mgt (+0.34 to +5.68 ‰), and mgt-act (+1.68 to +2.10 ‰) samples are consistent with a magmatic-hydrothermal origin for ore and pre-ore mineralizing fluids at Ernest Henry; non-magmatic δ18O values > c. 5 ‰ may be explained through localized carbonate wall rock assimilation. Despite this, δ56Fe values for ore stage (−0.50 to +0.33 ‰), bt-mgt (−0.65 to +0.38 ‰), and mgt-act (−0.26 to +0.30 ‰) magnetite are generally isotopically lighter than the accepted range (c. +0.06 to +0.49 ‰) for igneous and magmatic-hydrothermal magnetite and exhibit a relatively large range of c. 1 ‰, suggesting Fe source mixing within the deposit. Ore stage magnetite δ49Ti (−1.64 to + 3.79 ‰; avg: +1.49 ‰; 2σ = 2.63 ‰) compositions are generally higher and more variable than either the bt-mgt (-0.44 to + 1.49 ‰; avg: +0.62 ‰; 2σ = 1.13 ‰) or mgt-act (+0.27 to + 1.89 ‰; avg: +1.05 ‰; 2σ = 1.56 ‰) and suggest that Ti isotope fractionation occurred due to differential mobility in the fluid. The data are best explained by models invoking both magmatic and non-magmatic metal and fluid input. Fluid flow channeled between the footwall and hanging wall shear zones introduced non-magmatic Fe that may have been leached from local mafic units by magmatic-hydrothermal fluids, resulting in neoformed and regeneratively replaced magnetite with magmatic δ18O, but non-magmatic δ56Fe values during pre-ore alteration. These fluids may have mixed with Fe-poor evaporitic fluids prior to magnetite formation. Later magmatic Fe and O contributions during ore stage mineralization resulted in magnetite with variable δ56Fe and irresolvable δ18O overprinting. Ernest Henry is the first known example of an IOCG deposit with a major leached metal component identified through metal stable isotope geochemistry.
Home networks (1992)

This paper reports on the development of a user interface to a home system network intended to provide the domestic user with easier usage of domestic devices and access to external services. The work has been conducted under the CEC RACE (Research and Development in Advanced Communications Technologies in Europe) programme which addresses the delivery of future electronic services both to the business world and to the home.
Simulating Car-pedestrian Interactions during Mass Events with DTA Models: The Case of Vancouver Winter Olympic Games (2009)

The objective of this paper is to present the application of a within-day Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) Model to simulate ordinary, evacuation and emergency scenarios for downtown Vancouver during the forthcoming Winter Olympic Games. Within this context, the main problem was to simulate different kinds of pedestrians and vehicles-pedestrians interactions; these congestion phenomena can occur in presence of the unusual demand produced by important public events, such as sport games, music concerts and political rallies, when significant levels of pedestrian and vehicle flows are concentrated in space and time, i.e. converge to or diverge from one point/area in a relatively short time interval. Additionally, other phenomena that needed to be addressed where: - pedestrian route choice, since several routes are available to reach and leave event locations; - special event temporal demand, with time peaks concentrated around begin and end of events; - pedestrian capacity constraints, due to the limited capacity of road and sidewalks; - short term closure of streets, due to Olympic security measures. In order to address the above modeling needs, different approaches where considered, from classical static assignment, to meso simulation, to micro simulation applied to pedestrians and vehicles. Finally, a Macroscopic Dynamic Assignment model calculating Dynamic User Equilibrium was adopted, suitably extended in order to represent pedestrian flows and vehicle-pedestrian interactions.
Integrated combined cycle from natural gas with CO2 capture using a Ca–Cu chemical loop (2013)

The integration in a natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) of a novel process for H 2 production using a chemical Ca–Cu loop was proposed. This process is based on the sorption‐enhanced reforming process for H 2 production from natural gas with a CaO/CaCO 3 chemical loop, but including a second Cu/CuO loop to regenerate the Ca‐sorbent. An integration of this system into a NGCC was proposed and a full process simulation exercise of different cases was carried out. Optimizing the operating conditions in the Ca–Cu looping process, 8.1% points of efficiency penalty with respect to a state‐of‐the‐art NGCC are obtained with a CO 2 capture efficiency of 90%. It was demonstrated that the new process can yield power generation efficiencies as high as any other emerging and commercial concepts for power generation from NGCC with CO 2 capture, but maintaining competing advantages of process simplification and compact pressurized reactor design inherent to the Ca–Cu looping system. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 59: 2780–2794, 2013
Combined Single Cell Lineage and Transcriptome Sequencing Unveils Cell-Autonomous Regulators of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate (2019)

Blood regeneration upon transplantation relies on the activity of long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs). One of the major controversies in hematopoiesis relates to the apparently different properties that HSCs have in transplantation versus unperturbed settings. In unperturbed steady state hematopoiesis, the most potent HSCs appear to be mostly dormant, and only producing platelet-lineage cells. In turn, upon transplant, even a single transplanted HSC can actively divide and regenerate hundreds of millions of blood progenitors of all lineages. It would thus appear that HSCs have different fundamental properties in each study system. However, most transplantation studies have only tracked the lineage output of the transplanted HSC clones, and rarely the regeneration of the HSC compartment itself. In addition, clonal assays have not been performed at sufficient resolution to fully capture the diversity and clonal complexity of the regenerated HSC compartment. Here, we have used expressible barcodes, which can be sequenced in conventional single cell RNAseq assays, to simultaneously record the functional outcomes and transcriptional states of thousands of HSCs. Our analysis revealed multiple clonal HSC behaviors following transplantation that drastically differ in their differentiation activity, lineage-bias and self-renewal. Surprisingly, we witnessed a large fraction of clones that efficiently repopulate the HSC compartment but show limited contribution to differentiated progeny. Furthermore, these inactive clones have increased competitive multilineage serial repopulating capacity, implying that shortly after transplant a subset of clones reestablishes the native-like LT-HSC behaviors. Our results also argue that this clonal distribution of labor is controlled by cell autonomous, heritable properties (i.e. the epigenetic cell state). Then, using only our clonal readouts to segregate single HSC transcriptomes, we unveiled the transcriptional signatures that associated with unique HSC outcomes (platelet bias, clonal expansion, dormancy, etc.) and unraveled, for the first time, a gene signature for functional long-term serially repopulating clones. We interrogated the drivers of this cell state using an in vivo inducible CRISPR screening and identified 5 novel regulators that are required to regenerate the HSC compartment in a cell autonomous fashion. In conclusion, we demonstrate that functional LT-HSCs share more similar properties in native and transplantation hematopoiesis than previously expected. Consequently, we unveil a definition of the essential, common functional properties of HSCs and the molecular programs that control them. Figure 1 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Autoimmune diseases (2007)

Experimental models of autoimmune disease have been used to dissect the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis in the corresponding human diseases. This chapter will deal with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for human multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune diabetes (EAD) in the NOD mouse as a model for human diabetes. In the case of these tissue-specific autoimmune diseases, the autoreactive lymphocytes originate in lymph nodes and must migrate to either the central nervous system (CNS) in the case of EAE or the pancreas in the case of EAD. The accepted paradigm of leukocyte migration from blood into tissue involves a number of molecular events including selectin binding, chemokine binding, integrin binding and activation, and extravasation [1, 2]. Therefore, chemokines have a central role in the pathogenesis of tissue-specific autoimmune diseases. The approaches that have been used to study the role of chemokines in animal models of autoimmune disease included assessing tissue-specific temporal chemokine expression patterns, assessing corresponding chemokine receptor expression patterns on the tissue-infiltrating leukocytes, using neutralizing anti-chemokine therapy, employing chemokine and/or chemokine receptor knockout mice in the various disease models, and making transgenic mice that overexpress certain chemokines in specific tissues. This has resulted in the identification of subsets of the chemokine and chemokine receptor families that play a role in disease pathogenesis. This chapter will review the role of chemokines and their receptors in EAE and EAD as examples of tissue-specific autoimmune diseases.
Renoprotective and antioxidant effects ofSaururus chinensisBaill in rats fed a high-fructose diet (2011)

This study investigated the preventive effect of Saururus chinensis Baill against renal damage induced by a high-fructose diet in rats. The rats (n = 30) were fed either a cornstarch-based (65%), high-fructose (65%), or high-fructose (64.5%) diet with 0.5% S. chinensis Baill extract for 10 weeks. Twenty-four hour urine collections were obtained and the animals were sacrificed after an overnight fast. Serum urea and creatinine and urine albumin were measured using colorimetric methods, and creatinine clearance was determined. In addition, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the kidney were determined. Kidney samples were also examined histologically. The fructose-fed rats showed renal dysfunction, indicated by decreased creatinine clearance, increased albumin in the urine, and increased urea and creatinine in the serum. These renal function parameters were comparable to control levels in rats that consumed S. chinensis Baill. Fructose consumption increased renal TBARS and reduced GSH and SOD activity, whereas these levels were near-normal in the rats consuming S. chinensis Baill. The kidneys of fructose-fed rats showed glomerular basement membrane thickening, mesangial matrix expansion, and tubule dilation. These pathological changes were not seen in the rats that consumed S. chinensis Baill. Therefore, S. chinensis Baill effectively alleviated fructose-induced renal damage in these rats, at least partially due to antioxidant activity.
A Multipath Fading Simulator for Mobile Radio (1973)

A simple device to simulate the Rayleigh distributed fast fading encountered in mobile radio is described and evaluated. The Rayleigh envelope statistics are obtained by adding two independent Gaussian noise source in quadrature. The theoretical spectrum of the received signal is approximated by shaping the spectrum of the noise sources with filters. A design is given whose performance is shown to agree very closely with theory.
Permeabilizing action of an antimicrobial lactoferricin‐derived peptide on bacterial and artificial membranes (1999)

A synthetic peptide (23 residues) that includes the antibacterial and lipopolysaccharide-binding regions of human lactoferricin, an antimicrobial sequence of lactoferrin, was used to study its action on cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli 0111 and E. coli phospholipid vesicles. The peptide caused a depolarization of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, loss of the pH gradient, and a bactericidal effect on E. coli. Similarly, the binding of the peptide to liposomes dissipated previously created transmembrane electrical and pH gradients. The dramatic consequences of the transmembrane ion flux during the peptide exposure indicate that the adverse effect on bacterial cells occurs at the bacterial inner membrane.
Deep Multi-view Information Bottleneck (2019)

In many classification problems, the predictions can be enhanced by fusing information from different data views. In particular, when the information from different views complement each other, it is expected that multi-view learning will lead to improved predictive performance. In this paper, we proposed a supervised multi-view learning framework based on the information bottleneck principle to filter out irrelevant and noisy information from multiple views and learn an accurate joint representation. Specifically, our proposed method maximizes the mutual information between the labels and the learned joint representation while minimizing the mutual information between the learned latent representation of each view and the original data representation. As the relationships between different views are often complicated and nonlinear, we employed deep neural networks to learn the latent representation and to disentangle their complex dependencies. However, since the computation of mutual information can be intractable, we employed the variational inference method to efficiently solve the optimization problem. We performed extensive experiments on various synthetic and real-world datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework.
Synthesis of Single Crystalline Analcime and Its Single-crystal Structure, |Na0.94(H2O)|[Si2.06Al0.94O6]-ANA: Determination of Cation Sites, Water Positions, and Si/Al Ratios (2011)

최대 0.20 mm 크기를 가진 아날심 단결정은 <TEX>$3.00SiO_2$</TEX> : <TEX>$1.50NaAlO_2$</TEX> : 8.02NaOH : <TEX>$454H_2O$</TEX> : 5.00TEA의 겔 조성으로부터 합성되어졌다. <TEX>$Na^+$</TEX> 이온으로 완전히 이온교환 된 아날심은 0.1 M 농도의 NaCl 수용액으로부터 준비하였다(이온교환용액의 pH는 NaOH 용액을 첨가하여 6에서 11로 맞추었다). <TEX>$|Na_{0.94}(H_2O)|[Si_{2.06}Al_{0.94}O_6]-ANA(a=13.703(3){\AA})$</TEX>의 분자식을 가지는 수화된 아날심 단결정의 구조는 294 K에서 Ibca의 orthorhombic 공간군으로 단결정 X-선 회절기법에 의해 결정되었다. 결정 구조의 최종 에러값은 <TEX>$R_1/wR_2$</TEX>= 0.054/0.143에 수렴되었다. 약 15개의 <TEX>$Na^+$</TEX> 이온이 팔면체 배위로 3군데의 비동등한 위치에서 발견되었다. 합성된 아날심의 화학적 조성은 <TEX>$Na_{0.94}(H_2O)Si_{2.06}Al_{0.94}O_6$</TEX> 확인되었으며, Si/Al 비는 단결정 구조 정밀화를 통하여 찾은 양이온의 점유수인 14.79개에 의해 2.19로 결정되었다. Large colorless single crystals of analcime with diameters up to 0.20 mm have been synthesized from gels with the composition of <TEX>$3.00SiO_2$</TEX> : <TEX>$1.50NaAlO_2$</TEX> : 8.02NaOH : <TEX>$454H_2O$</TEX> : 5.00TEA. The fully <TEX>$Na^+$</TEX>-exchanged analcime have been prepared with aqueous 0.1 M NaCl (pH adjusted from 6 to 11 by dropwise addition of NaOH). The single-crystal structure of hydrated <TEX>$|Na_{0.94}(H_2O)|[Si_{2.06}Al_{0.94}O_6]$</TEX>-ANA per unit cell, a=13.703(3) <TEX>${\AA}$</TEX>, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique in the orthorhombic space group Ibca at 294 K. The structure was refined using all intenties to the final error indices (using only the 1,446 reflections for which <TEX>$F_o$</TEX> > <TEX>$4{\sigma}(F_o))R_1/wR_2$</TEX> = 0.054/0.143. About 15 <TEX>$Na^+$</TEX> ions are located at three nonequivalent positions and octahedrally coordinated. The chemical composition is <TEX>$Na_{0.94}(H_2O)Si_{2.06}Al_{0.94}O_6$</TEX>. The Si/Al ratio of synthetic analcime is 2.19 determined by the occupations of cations, 14.79, in the single-crystal determination work.