gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutations in the low‐density lipoprotein receptor gene in Swedish familial hypercholesterolaemia patients: clinical expression and treatment response (1998)

A tendency towards differential susceptibility to treatment with statins was observed for the patient groups, encouraging further comparative studies of heterozygous FH patients.
Quantitative measures of boundary and contrast enhancement in speckle reduction in ultrasonic B-mode images using spatial bessel filters (2009)

The spatial Bessel filters are studied for their ability to reduce ultrasonic speckle and enhance the boundaries of regions of interest (ROI) in medical B-mode images. Using the concept of the heterogeneity index, a new parameter is defined to provide a quantitative measure of the edge visibility. It is hypothesized that this edge visibility parameter will be almost equal to unity if the ROI does not contain a boundary and greater than unity when the ROI contains a boundary. Analyses of 2 computer-synthesized images containing speckle and B-mode images of tissue-mimicking phantoms were carried out. The improvement in contrast and enhancement in edge visibility were estimated. In addition, parametric images containing a map of the edge visibility were created that showed clear boundaries. The quantitative measures strongly support the visual perception of contrast and enhanced edge visibility provided by the spatial Bessel filters. Results demonstrate the potential use of Bessel spatial filters in providing speckle reduction along with the ability to enhance the boundaries of regions of interest in B-mode images.
Organozinc Reagents Prepared From Highly Active Zinc (2012)

[7440-66-6] Zn (MW 65.39) InChI = 1S/Zn InChIKey = HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (used as slurry in THF) Physical Data: highly active form. Solubility: not soluble in organic solvents. Purification: be washed with THF if required. Preparative Method: this compound can be prepared from the reduction of anhydrous zinc halides in ethereal solvents using lithium metal as a reducing agent, in conjunction with an electron carrier. Handling, Storage, and Precaution: highly reactive and moisture sensitive. Should be stored in inert atmosphere. For destroying of active zinc, isopropanol is added and stirred overnight followed by water, and then dilute HCl.
Sensors for triggering practical Functional Electrical Stimulation walking systems (2010)

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) techniques have shown significant improvement in mobility and functionality to many patients with pathological gait resulting from upper motor neurological injuries such as stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), etc. Effective functioning of FES walking systems relies on accurate and reliable detection of gait events (i.e heel rise and heel strike) which depends on the type of sensors and the detection algorithm used.
Sensitivity of near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy to ion beam damage in diamond films (1999)

In the present work, we study the sensitivity of the near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy to ion induced defects in polycrystalline diamond films. The ion bombardment of hydrogenated films is performed using 30 keV Xe+ ions at room temperature for doses ranging from 2×1013 ions/cm2, producing local point defects, to 2×1015 ions/cm2, which results in almost complete amorphization of the diamond surface. Auger electron spectroscopy measurements are not sensitive to the modifications induced by the lowest implantation dose. Whereas partial electron yield (PEY) NEXAFS measurements, applied in surface and bulk-sensitive modes, using 35, 15, and 8 eV secondary electrons, respectively, reveals the formation of a defective structure and gradual deterioration of diamond in the near-surface region. From PEY NEXAFS spectra measured using 15 eV secondary electrons, the position of C(1s) binding energy is measured. The x-ray photoelectron spectra of the samples were measured using an incident photon energy of 450 eV. It is found that the C(1s) binding energy in the implanted samples has a positive shift of 0.6–1 eV, which is indicative of transformation of diamond to disordered carbon. The high sensitivity of NEXAFS spectroscopy to point defects induced by the low dose ion implantation was reflected by a sharp reduction in the intensity of the diamond core exciton peak and by the appearance of a new spectral feature in the pre-edge region, below the C(1s)−π* transition. Analysis of the NEXAFS spectra of ion implanted films is performed on the basis of the electronic structure of diamond.
Heat stress during the transition period is associated with impaired production, reproduction, and survival in dairy cows (2022)

Objectives of this retrospective cohort study were to determine the association of heat stress (HS) exposure during the periparturient period with production, health, reproduction, and survival during the first 90 d postpartum in dairy cows. A total of 5,722 Holstein cows (2,324 nulliparous and 3,397 parous) were categorized into environmental condition groups based on average temperature-humidity index (THI) exposure as thermoneutral (TN) or HS during the prepartum (PRE) and early postpartum (POST) periods into TN-TN (THI: PRE = 57.9 and POST = 63.7), TN-HS (THI: PRE = 68.2 and POST = 72.0), HS-TN (THI: PRE = 71.4 and POST = 65.6), and HS-HS (THI PRE = 72.2 and POST = 72.7). Nulliparous and parous cows were analyzed separately. In nulliparous cows, exposure to HS during the PRE, POST, or both PRE and POST periods was associated with a 1.7 kg/cow per day reduction in milk yield compared with TN-TN. Postpartum HS was associated with increases of 4.4 percentage points in incidence of retained placenta, 18.1 percentage points in incidence of metritis, and 2.0 percentage points in incidence of mastitis, but a reduction of 5.3 percentage points in pregnancy at first AI, and an increase of 4.5 percentage points in pregnancy loss compared with POST TN. Exposure to HS during PRE and POST periods was associated with increased removal from the herd. In parous cows, exposure to HS during PRE, POST, or both PRE and POST was associated with a 2.4-kg/cow per day reduction in milk yield when compared with TN-TN. There was an interaction between HS exposure PRE and POST and incidence of retained placenta, because POST HS was associated with an increase in incidence of 5.8 percentage points within PRE HS cows, whereas no difference was found within PRE TN cows. Postpartum HS was associated with an increase of 6.3 percentage points in incidence of metritis and tended to be associated with an increase of 1.9 percentage points in mastitis incidence compared with POST TN. There was an interaction between HS exposure PRE and POST and pregnancy per AI because POST HS was associated with reduced pregnancy incidence by 10.6 percentage points within PRE TN cows, whereas no difference was found within PRE HS cows. Removal from the herd increased in cows exposed to HS during the PRE or POST or PRE and POST. These data suggest that POST HS is associated with performance losses to a greater extent than prepartum HS and that nulliparous and parous cows are prompt to losses associated with exposure to HS during the transition period. The results corroborate findings from manipulative experiments that showed improved milk production and reproduction in cows under HS provided with heat abatement but adds insights to the associations between HS and health.
High-Temperature Thermal Storage in Moving and Fixed Particle Beds. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Shape persistence delivers lock-and-key chloride binding in triazolophanes (2012)

Triazolophanes have recently surfaced as a new class of shape-persistent macrocycles that bind anions. Bearing only triazole- and phenyl-derived CH hydrogen bond donors, these receptors have shown extraordinary Cl(-) binding strengths (>10(6) M(-1), CH(2)Cl(2)). The attributes of the triazolophane that are responsible are presented herein alongside recent literature accounts that have utilized similar strategies in new and exciting supramolecular systems. This review describes how triazolophanes leverage the structural pre-organization characteristic of spherands to take advantage of non-traditional hydrogen bonds originating from extrinsic CH donors.
Economic Analysis of White-Leg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Production Case Study: Rudong County of Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China (2018)

This paper examines the economic performance of White-leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) production in Rudong county of Nantong city, Jiangsu province, China. White-leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) production is an important economic activity in the overall farming system in China. Despite the current achievements witnessed by white-leg shrimp production, there are many challenges (high cost of production, disease, over feeding, effluent discharge, lack of technical knowledge, low educational level, inexperienced managers, among others) continuing to set back the growth of this sector in China. Three seasonal crops data in 2016 were collected from 52 white leg shrimp farmers. Descriptive statistics, profitability and regression analysis were employed in the data analysis. The study revealed that all white-leg shrimp farmers sampled were males. Most farmers (78.9%) belonged to an age group of 41-60 years with 6-10 years farming experience. Operational costs of White-leg shrimp farming accounted for 89.2% of the total cost with costs of feed, fingerlings and fuel representing 34.3%, 13.1% and 12.7% respectively. Farmers obtained an average revenue of CNY 924,359.74 (US$140,516.51)//ha from shrimp sold at an average price of CNY 43 (US$6.60)/kg and secured a net profit of CNY 378,144.55 ($57,483.63)/ha. The gross margin ratio (0.47), benefit cost ratio (0.69) and return on investment (0.69) revealed that white-leg shrimp is economically viable. Feed cost, cost of fingerling and experience showed negative significant effect on revenue at 5%, 10% and 1% respectively while farm size and average price showed positive effect on revenue at 1% level of significance.
My Car, My Way: Why Not? I Paid for It! (2013)

Apple and Android portable personal communications devices come with the ability to customize their features and performance, mostly using downloadable applications. Downloading and installing applications lets users customize their device and have it their way at a very nominal or even no additional cost. Typical automobiles cost US$15,000-50,000 and come preprogrammed from the factory based on the manufacturer's perceptions about what consumers want. The time taken to design and manufacture automobiles results in an 18-24-month delay from design to delivery, and the actual sale may take additional months. In the mobile consumer electronics market, 18-24 months can be the useful life of the product. In that amount of time, consumers will likely upgrade to a new product, or their needs and desires may have led them to customize these devices with many downloadable applications. Cars with fixed features designed long before their delivery to consumers are an anachronism. The car of the future will be different. Automobiles are designed around computers, storage, and software and are now as much an electronic system as a mechanical one. In a real sense, personal vehicles are also mobile consumer electronic devices. As a consequence, automobiles are becoming true applications platforms where users will download applications that can customize the features, performance, and capabilities of the vehicle to suit the needs and desires of the consumer-today's car is “my car, my way.”
Diminished alcohol preference in transgenic mice lacking aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (2002)

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 plays a major role in the detoxification of aldehyde and is known to be responsible for alcohol preference. A diminished enzyme activity due to mutation of the Aldh2 gene is associated with high alcohol sensitivity and a low alcohol tolerance in humans. The genomic background distinguishing an alcohol preference and avoidance in various inbred mouse strains is not clear. We created Aldh2-negative mice by transgenic knockout of the Aldh2 gene into the high alcohol preference C57BL/6 background. The Aldh2 gene targeting (Aldh-/-) mice exhibited an alcohol avoidance characteristic. After free-choice ethanol and water drinking, brain and liver acetaldehyde concentrations of Aldh2-/- mice were almost equal to those of wild-type (Aldh2+/+) mice although the Aldh2-/- mice drank less ethanol than the Aldh2+/+ mice. This result indicates that a direct effect of the Aldh2 genotype plays an important role on alcohol preference and acetaldehyde concentration in the brain is correlated with alcohol avoidance. This highlights the potential benefits of alcoholism and alcohol-related disease research in the animal model of ALDH2 alleles.
Grand Challenges in Immersive Analytics (2021)

Immersive Analytics is a quickly evolving field that unites several areas such as visualisation, immersive environments, and human-computer interaction to support human data analysis with emerging technologies. This research has thrived over the past years with multiple workshops, seminars, and a growing body of publications, spanning several conferences. Given the rapid advancement of interaction technologies and novel application domains, this paper aims toward a broader research agenda to enable widespread adoption. We present 17 key research challenges developed over multiple sessions by a diverse group of 24 international experts, initiated from a virtual scientific workshop at ACM CHI 2020. These challenges aim to coordinate future work by providing a systematic roadmap of current directions and impending hurdles to facilitate productive and effective applications for Immersive Analytics.
Clustering Analysis on Internal Flow Field of a Spinning Solid Rocket Motor Nozzle (2017)

Clustering analysis was conducted on a solid rocket motor nozzle to investigate its internal flow field response under spinning condition. A Reynolds stress model and enhanced wall function were adopted to solve the Navier-Stokes equations with swirl flow. Wall temperature and tangential velocities distributions at three random locations of the divergent section, throat and convergent section were calculated and these data were clustered by a kind of hierarchical clustering method. Results show that rapid changes will occur when the spinning speed reaches some special points, such as 70rpm, 500rpm and 600rpm. Different physical quantities respond differently to both spinning speed and inner contour of the nozzle. Method established in this paper can be extended for other engineering fields such as analysis and prediction of fault diagnosis and failure behaviors. By combining data mining technology and traditional solid rocket motor design, design process can be improved.
Development of production technology and approbation of a new nitrogen- and carbon-containing precursor based on vanadium and aluminum for smelting a V – Al – N – C master alloy (2023)

A technology for obtaining complex nitrogen- and carbon-containing precursor materials V(51 – 43) – Al(30 – 36) – N(13,4 – 16,4) – C(2,7 – 6,0) was developed and tested on an experimental scale by nitriding by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of mixtures of V(65 – 50) – Al master alloys powders with graphite. The ratio of nitrogen to carbon in precursors can be varied over a wide range — N/C = 5.5 – 2.2. Using X-ray phase analysis, it was found that nitrogen in these materials is in the form of AlN and VN nitrides, and carbon is in the form of V2C, VC and V2Al0.96C1.1 carbides. The possibility of replacing graphite in the charge of out-of-furnace aluminothermal smelting of the V – Al – N – C master alloy with an alternative precursor V(51) – Al(30) – N(15) – C(2.7) has been experimentally confirmed. Using the methods of X-ray phase analysis, electron microscopy, and X-ray spectral microanalysis, it was found that the smelted using this precursor V – Al – N – C master alloy ingot is identical in phase composition and in distribution uniformity of nitride and carbide inclusions to alloy ingots that were smelted using other carbon-containing materials. The content of nitrogen, carbon and oxygen in the ingot meet the requirements of the technical specifications for V – Al – N – C master alloy.
Optimized Electron Bunch Current Distribution from a Radiofrequency Photo-Emission Source (2018)

In beam-driven acceleration, drive bunches with ramped current profiles support enhanced transformer ratios which enable longer interaction lengths thereby increasing the energy gain associated with the witness bunch. The production of such tailored electron bunches can be accomplished via different beam shaping methods. One technique of particular interest, owing to its simplicity, consists in shaping the temporal profile of the laser pulse in photoemission sources. In this contribution we investigate, via a shape-optimization technique, the generation of a ramped bunch distribution using such a laser-shaping technique. Our study takes the example of the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator where a proof-of-principle experiment is being planned. We also discuss limitations associated with the laser shaping and possible improvements.
Differentiation of Cerebral Radiation Necrosis from Tumor Recurrence by [18F]FDG and 82Rb Positron Emission Tomography (1987)

Nine radiation-treated brain tumor patients were studied by positron emission tomography (PET) in an attempt to differentiate tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis. Rubidium-82 was used to define the region of absent or disturbed blood-brain barrier and [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) was used to evaluate the metabolic state of the brain. By comparing glucose utilization in the pathologic region with utilization in the adjacent tissue, a diagnosis of recurrent tumor (increased [18F]FDG accumulation) or necrosis (decreased FDG accumulation) was made. In the seven patients who underwent surgery the PET diagnosis was confirmed by histologic examination of resected tissue. The two patients who did not undergo surgery have had a clinical course consistent with the PET diagnosis of necrosis. Dynamic 82Rb imaging showed that the rate of 82Rb accumulation was greater in tumor than in normal brain. However, this finding alone did not differentiate tumor from necrosis, as some necrotic tissue also showed high rates of 82Rb accumulation, and washout kinetics were similarly nonspecific. The differentiation of radiation necrosis from tumor recurrence is reliably achieved by [18F]FDG PET examination and is aided by information obtained from a 82Rb PET study done immediately prior to the [18F]FDG injection.
Looking at Patent Law: Patenting an Electrochemical Invention for Eradication of Microbes from the Surfaces of Implants—A Case Study (2022)

In this installment of the “Looking at Patent Law” series, we present a case study of the prosecution of U.S. Patent No. 9,616,142 directed towards “Electrochemical Eradication of Microbes on Surfaces of Objects” jointly assigned to The Research Foundation for the State University of New York and Syracuse University. This case was chosen to coincide with the focus of this issue of Interface on diversity and inclusion in electrochemical technology, science and engineering. Notably, several of the inventors are female, including Dr. Esther S. Takeuchi who is a prolific inventor with numerous awards, honors and recognitions. The case study begins with a brief synopsis of the background of the invention followed by 1) a discussion of the patent applications associated with the invention, 2) inventor assignment and power of attorney designations, 3) submission of an information disclosure statement and duty of candor, 4) summary of office actions, 5) summary of applicant response to non-final rejection, and 6) allowance of the patent application. With this case study, we hope to de-mystify the patent prosecution process and better prepare electrochemical and solid-state scientists, engineers and technologists to interact with their patent counsel regarding their inventions.
Testability for all seasons (2002)

The author discusses the many roles of the testability engineer throughout the development cycle and summarizes successful techniques which have been used on a FSD program. The preplanned use of common BIT (built-in test) software throughout all echelons of maintenance and at the factory is reported. The author identifies many compelling reasons to design for testability, including MIL-STD-2165 compliance. The growing need for BIT and testability designed concurrently with hardware is cited along with the substantial potential for savings in manufacture, life-cycle maintenance, and maintenance support system costs. The role of the testability engineer in the development of a product is shown to be pervasive throughout the project, varied in scope and context, and highly demanding in knowledge and skills.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mechanical and microscopic properties of API G cement after exposure to supercritical CO2 (2017)

An experiment on API G-level (American Petroleum Institute) cement is conducted after curing under a supercritical carbon dioxide environment. Cement paste is prepared first to generate a uniaxial compressive specimen, after which the specimen is exposed to the supercritical carbon dioxide environment (temperature = 70C; pressure = 20 MPa) for curing at different numbers of days (7 -84 days). The physical and chemical changes in the cement are subsequently simulated at 1500 -2000 m below the injection well during CO 2 sequestration. Results show that the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen decreases as the number of curing days increases, indicating that the specimen sustains considerable damage when cured under humid environments. This result also implies a declining trend in the longitudinal and transverse waves of the cured specimen. Based on the material analytical results we determine that carbon dioxide reacts with the calcium hydroxide, water and calcium silicate in the cement. The carbon dioxide is then converted into calcium carbonate, resulting in different degrees of carbonization depending on the number of curing days.
Predicting Citation Counts Using Text and Graph Mining (2013)

As the volume of scientific literature grows faster it becomes more difficult for researchers to identify promising papers that are likely to become influential in their field. We study the problem of predicting future citation counts of papers given information available at the time of publication (five years forward in our pilot study). We apply machine learning techniques on a dataset of millions of academic papers from several research domains to identify predictive features including venue reputation, authors and institutions, citation networks and content measures. We identify how these features are differentially predictive in various domains and identify possible reasons where citation behaviors might lead to these differences.