gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyridazine Derivatives and Related Compounds, Part 4. Pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridazines and Furo[2,3-c]pyndazines, Synthesis and Some Reactions (1992)

Ethyl 5-amino-3,4-diphenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridazine-6-carboxylate (1), ethyl 5-aminofuro[ 2,3-c]pyridazine-6-carboxylate (2) and 5-aminofuro[2,3-c]pyridazine-6-carboxamide (3), are obtained from 4-cyano-5,6-diphenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone. 5-Acetamido and 5-chloroacetamido derivatives prepared from 1, undergo cyclization on heating to form 2-substituted pyridazino[4',3':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-d]oxazin-4(5H)-one (5a, b). The reaction of 1 and 2 with hydrazine gave 6-carbohydrazide derivatives (7 a, b). Compound 3 undergoes condensation with acetyl chloride, chloroacetyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, formamide and carbon disulphide to furnish the corresponding pyrimido[4',5' :4,5]furo[2,3-c]pyridazin-4(3 H)-one derivatives. The reaction of 1 with o-aminophenol gave 3,4-diphenyl-11-oxo-10,11-dihydro-12H -pyridazino[ 4',3' :4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-b][1,5]benzoxazepine.
Side effect machines for quaternary edit metric decoding (2010)

DNA edit metric codes are used as labels to track the origin of sequence data. This study is the first to treat sophisticated decoders for these error-correcting codes. Side effect machines can provide efficient decoding algorithms for such codes. Two methods for automatically producing decoding algorithms are presented. Side Effect Machines (SEMs), generalizations of finite state automata, are used in both. Single Classifier Machines (SCMs) use a single side effect machine to classify all words within a code. Locking Side Effect Machines (LSEMs) use multiple side effect machines to create a tree structured iterated classification. This study examines these techniques and provides new decoders for existing codes. Presented are ideas for best practises for the creation of these two types of new edit metric decoders. Codes of the form (n,M,d) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> are used in testing due to their suitability for bioinformatics problems. A group of (12, 54-56, 7) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> codes are used as an example of the process.
Authority Presence and the Effect on Prejudice (2006)

The current study analyzed the relationship between an authority figure's presence and the prevalence of prejudice when sentencing criminals. Eighteen undergraduate students (5 men and 13 women) aged 18 to 21 years, volunteered to participate in the study. Each participant completed the Implicit Association Test (lAT) and completed four fictitious criminal sentences. Significant support was not found for the current hypothesis, although more participants showed prejudice when the authority figure was absent compared to when the individual was present.Women showed prejudicial behavior more often then men when the authority figure was absent. Participants had a tendency to sentence longer for different races and for the crime involving homicide when compared to a rape crime.
Selection of transmitter responses at sites of neurite contact during synapse formation between identified leech neurons. (1993)

1. Pressure sensitive (P) neurons of the leech Hirudo medicinalis show both an inhibitory, Cl(-)-dependent response and a depolarizing, cationic response to pipette application of serotonin (5-HT). Serotonergic Retzius (R) neurons in culture reform inhibitory, Cl(-)-dependent synapses with P neurons but fail to elicit the extrasynaptic, depolarizing response to 5-HT. We have examined the localization of the selection of 5-HT responses by testing the sensitivity of P cell growth cones and neurites to 5-HT application. 2. As measured by intracellular recording at the P cell soma, synaptic release of 5-HT from R cell processes activated only the Cl(-)-dependent response in P cell neurites. Focal application of 5-HT from a micropipette depolarized uncontacted P cell growth cones and neurites. In contrast, processes from the same P cells that were contacted by R cells were rarely depolarized by 5-HT application unless the application pipette was moved along the neurites away from the sites of contact. 3. The channels underlying the depolarizing response to 5-HT were identified in patch clamp recordings from P cell growth cones. These cation channels showed rare, brief openings in the absence of 5-HT. Application of 5-HT in the bath (outside the patch pipette) increased channel activity in uncontacted P cell growth cones but not in growth cones of the same P cells contacted by R cells. 4. We conclude that the selection of transmitter responses during synapse formation was localized to discrete sites of contact between the synaptic partners.
Analog capacitance ROM with IGFET bucket-brigade shift register (1975)

A new type of monolithic analog read-out memory is described. It consists of a memory element and associated on-chip readout circuitry. The memory can be used for storing sample values of time-varying analog signals. The memory element is a matrix of MOS capacitors, preprogrammed in size by a special mask. The readout element is a bucket-brigade shift register with parallel input and serial output. A test circuit that permits investigation of different principles of information transfer from capacitance matrix to shift register has been developed.
John Wm. Fletcher (1920)

Journal Article John Wm. Fletcher Get access H. G. Harrison H. G. Harrison 1Aysgarth, Sevenoaks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s12-VI, Issue 100, January 1920, Page 25, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s12-VI.100.25b Published: 01 January 1920
High‐Resolution Microendoscope Images of Middle Ear Cholesteatoma and Surrounding Tissue: Evaluation of Interobserver Concordance (2013)

Objectives: High‐resolution microendoscopy (HRME) has great potential to detect residual cholesteatoma in patients. This study investigated how accurately otolaryngologists could differentiate between images obtained with HRME of ex vivo cholesteatoma specimens and surrounding middle ear epithelium. Methods: Cholesteatoma and surrounding middle ear epithelium were resected from patients. Tissues were stained with a contrast agent, proflavine. The HRME was placed directly on each specimen, and images were captured. Specimens were sent for standard histopathology and were subsequently compared with HRME images. Images were evaluated for quality control, and a training set was assembled. After viewing training images, 8 otolaryngologists without prior cholesteatoma HRME experience reviewed and classified test images. Results: Ten cholesteatoma and 9 middle ear specimens were collected, of which 17 representative cholesteatoma and 19 middle ear epithelium images were extracted for a testing set. Qualitative analysis for concordance between HRME images and histological images yielded a strong correlation between modalities. The mean accuracy of all reviewers in correctly identifying images was 95% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 92, 98]. The sensitivity to correctly detect cholesteatoma images was 98% [95% CI: 93, 100], and the specificity was 92% [95% CI: 87, 97]. The Fleiss kappa inter‐rater reliability score was 0.83 [95% CI: 0.77, 0.89]. Conclusions: Medical professionals can quickly be trained to accurately distinguish between HRME images of cholesteatoma and normal middle ear epithelium, both of which have distinct imaging characteristics. Real‐time HRME optical imaging can potentially improve the results of otologic surgery by allowing for extirpation of cholesteatomas while eliminating residual disease.
Synthesis and Antibody Recognition of Cyclic Epitope Peptides, Together with Their Dimer and Conjugated Derivatives Based on Residues 9−22 of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein D (2009)

The synthesis of new cyclic peptides comprising the 9-22 epitope (9)LKMADPNRFRGKDL(22) sequence derived from HSV gD-1 is reported. In addition, we describe procedures for the preparation of cyclic peptide dimers and conjugates with an oligotuftsin derivative carrier. The binding of a monoclonal antibody, Mab A16, to the synthesized compounds was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was demonstrated that cyclization decreased the binding activity of the antibody to the epitope. However, dimerization and conjugation could significantly increase the binding capacity of the cyclic epitope peptides. The attachment site in dimers and conjugates, as well as the topology of the construct, had a significant influence on the antibody recognition, while replacement of Met in position 11 by Nle had no marked effect.
[Use of biological microchips in the determination of drug-resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to rifampicin]. (2005)

The present-day problems in tuberculosis control are associated with a difficulty in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) in due time and in determining its drug sensitivity by conventional microbiological assays. The determination of the drug sensitivity of MBT takes much time from 2 weeks to 3 months, which fails to initiate and perform specific therapy timely. Molecular genetic techniques, including biochip analysis, yield results in 24-48 hours, which solves the problem of choosing and initiating adequate antibacterial therapy in the shortest possible time after tuberculosis is diagnosed. To assess the situation associated with the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, by using the biochip analysis, the authors have examined 501 patients with tuberculosis who live in the Kyrghyz Republic. Drug resistance has been found in 40.3% of the examinees. At the same time, their primary and secondary drug resistance is 25.7 and 61.8%, respectively. In tuberculosis patients living in Kyrghyzstan, rifampicin resistance of MBT is more frequently due to mutations in 531 (59.2%), 526 (20.8%), and 516 (8.0%) codons in the rpoB gene.
Current Topics in Heterotrimeric GTP-binding Proteins. Role of heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins in cellular signaling. (1994)

The GTP-binding protein (G protein) is a heterotrimeric protein composed of an alpha-, a beta- and a gamma-subunit. The G protein is functionally located between membrane receptors whose structures are characterized by seven membrane-spanning domains and effectors that are enzymes responsible for the generation of intracellular second messengers or ionic channels, thereby playing its essential role as a molecular switch for intracellular signal initiation. The switch turns on when GTP binds, in exchange for prebound GDP, to the alpha-subunit (G alpha), whereas it turns off upon the GTP hydrolysis due to the G alpha GTPase activity. The beta gamma-component plays a supporting role for the molecular switching and is also involved in signal transduction to certain effectors. One of the most exciting subjects to be currently studied as to the physiological roles of G proteins will be the mechanism by which the G protein-mediated second messenger system interacts (crosstalks) with the tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling system arising from other types of growth factor receptors.
Water Uptake in PEMFC Catalyst Layers (2011)

Water uptake profiles of proton-exchange-membrane fuel-cell catalyst layers are characterized in the form of capillary-pressure saturation (Pc-S) curves. The curves indicate that the catalyst layers tested are highly hydrophilic and require capillary pressures as low as -80 kPa to eject imbibed water. Comparison of materials made with and without Pt indicates a difference in water ejection and uptake phenomena due to the presence of Pt. The addition of Pt increases the tendency of the catalyst layer to retain water. Dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) is used to characterize the water-vapor sorption onto Nafion, Pt/C, and C surfaces. The DVS results align with the trends found from the Pc-S curves and show an increased propensity for water uptake in the presence of Pt. The effect of the ion in Nafion, sodium or protonated form, is also compared and demonstrates that although the protonation of the Nafion in the catalyst layer also increases hydrophilicity, the effect is not as great as that caused by Pt.
An Ultra-Short Baseline Positioning Model Based on Rotating Array & Reusing Elements and Its Error Analysis (2019)

The USBL (Ultra-Short Base Line) positioning system is widely used in underwater acoustic positioning systems due to its small size and ease of use. The traditional USBL positioning system is based on 'slant range and azimuth'. The positioning error is an increasing function with the increase in distance and the positioning accuracy depends on the ranging accuracy of the underwater target. This method is not suitable for long-distance underwater positioning operations. This paper proposes a USBL positioning calculation model based on depth information for 'rotating array and reusing elements'. This method does not need to measure the distance between the USBL acoustic array and target, so it can completely eliminate the influence of long-distance ranging errors in USBL positioning. The theoretical analysis and simulation experiments show that the new USBL positioning model based on 'rotating array and reusing elements' can completely eliminate the influence of the wavelength error and spacing error of underwater acoustic signals on the positioning accuracy of USBL. The positioning accuracy can be improved by approximately 90%, and the horizontal positioning error within a positioning distance of 1000 m is less than 1.2 m. The positioning method has high precision performance in the long distance, and provides a new idea for the engineering design of a USBL underwater positioning system.
Diagenetic Effects on Reservoir Properties of the Permian Khuff Formation in Eastern Saudi Arabia (1987)

ABSTRACT The Permian Khuff Formation represents the earliest major transgressive carbonates deposited on a shallow continental shelf in eastern Saudi Arabia. A detailed study was made of slabbed cores and thin sections from various wells recently drilled into this rock unit. The Khuff Formation was deposited in tidal flat environments including subtidal, intertidal and sabkha (supratidal). These depositional environments represent four major cycles. Each cycle starts with a transgressive grainstone facies which makes up the Khuff reservoirs and ends with regressive, muddy and anhydritic facies which make up the non-reservoir units. Development of reservoir quality appears to be complexly controlled by lateral continuity or discontinuity of depositional facies and, more effectively, by diagenesis. Because of these lateral changes, Khuff reservoir development does not exactly follow present structural position. Some wells located on present structural highs are in non-reservoir facies, while other structurally lower wells are very porous. Diagenesis has both increased and/or decreased reservoir quality. In places, dolomitization and leaching have enhanced the reservoir porosity and permeability. In other places, dolomitization and/ or cementation have seriously decreased the porosity and permeability. Good porosity and permeability are related to the preservation of primary interparticle pores in totally dolomitized grainstones or leaching of remaining calcite in dolomitized mudstones. The later process produces secondary intercrystalline pores. Good porosity and poor permeability probably reflect an early exposure to fresh water leaching in grainstones, producing unconnected or poorly connected moldic pores. Poor porosity and permeability are caused by one or more of the diagenetic effects of cementation, dolomitization, or absence of leaching in all facies types. Current studies show that Khuff reservoir changes can be described by a combination of depositional and diagenetic models. However, prediction of reservoir continuity is possible only for short distances from existing wells.
Polarized MT1‐MMP‐CD44 interaction and CD44 cleavage during cell retraction reveal an essential role for MT1‐MMP in CD44‐mediated invasion (2008)

The adhesion molecule CD44 and the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP act coordinately in tumor cells to promote cell invasion through a yet unclear mechanism. We are interested in studying the interplay between CD44 and MT1-MMP in carcinoma cells embedded in HA containing three-dimensional collagen I matrices (3D HA-Col I) by time-lapse confocal microscopy imaging. Here we report the in vivo interaction between CD44 and MT1-MMP, revealed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy. MT1-MMP interacts with CD44 preferentially at the trailing edge of the invading tumor cells during rear retraction and on membrane fragments released during the invasion process. A fluorescent biosensor designed to monitor the proteolytic processing of CD44 by live cell imaging demonstrates that cleavage of the CD44 extracellular domain is enriched in the retracting rear ends of invasive tumor cells. Invasion assays showed that MT1-MMP mediates CD44-dependent tumor-cell invasion, whereas CD44 is not essential for MT1-MMP-mediated invasion of 3D HA-Col I matrices. Together, our results support a role for MT1-MMP in cell retraction during CD44-mediated cell invasion.
Structural and up-conversion properties of Er3+ and Yb3+ co-doped Y2Ti2O7 phosphors (2013)

Y(2)Ti(2)O(7) (YTO) and Er(3+)/Yb(3+) co-doped Y(2)Ti(2)O(7) (EYYTO) phosphors have been prepared by solid-state reaction method. Structures of YTO and EYYTO phosphors are identified as face centered cubic pyrochlores. Up-conversion emission spectra of EYYTO under 976 nm excitation is studied, which revealed three prominent emission lines at ~524, 548 and 661 nm originating from (2)H(11/2)→(4)I(15/2), (4)S(3/2)→(4)I(15/2) and (4)F(9/2)→(4)I(15/2) electronic transitions of Er(3+) ion, respectively in green and red regions. The power dependence study suggests that these bands arise due to two photon absorption. The monodispersed laser ablated colloidal solution of EYYTO shows strong red and green emissions on excitation with 976 nm laser. The variation of luminescence intensity at different laser excitation powers is observed and thus a color can be tuned. The photoluminescence lifetime of green band at 548 nm ((4)S(3/2) level) has been found to be ~446 μs.
Interpretation of Apparent Activation Energies for Electron Transport in Dye-sensitized Nanocrystalline Solar Cells (2006)

Electron transport in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells appears to be a slow diffusion-controlled process. Values of the apparent electron diffusion coefficient are many orders of magnitude smaller than those reported for bulk anatase. The slow transport of electrons has been attributed to multiple trapping (MT) at energy levels distributed exponentially in the band gap of the nanocrystalline oxide. In the MT model, release of immobile electrons from occupied traps to the conduction band is a thermally activated process, and it might therefore be expected that the apparent electron diffusion coefficient should depend strongly on temperature. In fact, rather small activation energies (0.1-0.25 eV) have been derived from time and frequency resolved measurements of the short circuit photocurrent. It is shown that the MT model can give rise to such anomalously low apparent activation energies as a consequence of the boundary conditions imposed by the short circuit condition and the quasi-static relationship between changes in the densities of free and trapped electrons. This conclusion has been confirmed by exact numerical solutions of the time-dependent generation/collection problem for periodic excitation that provide a good fit to experimental data.
Knee Arthrodesis With Circular External Fixation (2001)

Knee arthrodesis can enable limb salvage in patients with disability secondary to trauma, infected total knee arthroplasty, pyarthrosis, and other complications. Historically, intramedullary nailing has resulted in the highest overall knee fusion rates. However, intramedullary nailing is relatively contraindicated in the presence of active infection. Nineteen patients who underwent knee arthrodesis with circular external fixation were studied retrospectively. Postoperative radiographs were evaluated for evidence of bony fusion, which was defined as trabecular bridging between the femur and tibia. Patients were interviewed and graded using the functional assessment portion of the Knee Society clinical rating system. Fusion was successful in 13 of 19 (68%) patients. Overall, patients spent an average of 4 months 8 days wearing the circular external fixator. Average time to radiographic and clinical evidence of arthrodesis (defined as lack of motion across the fusion site) was 4 months 18 days. No patient with successful fusion considered himself or herself housebound. All but one of these patients require some form of assistive device for ambulation. Complications occurred in 16 of 19 (84%) patients overall. Superficial pin tract infection (55%) and nonunion (32%) were the most common. Circular external fixation is an effective method for obtaining knee arthrodesis in patients who are not good candidates for intramedullary nailing.
(Invited) Towards Unassisted Water-Splitting Systems: Development of Catalysts, Semiconductors, and Interfaces (2018)

Hydrogen (H 2 ) is an important industrial chemical, produced at a global rate &gt; 50 billion kg/year. Nearly all of this H 2 is derived from fossil fuels using today’s conventional processes. Developing new pathways for the renewable production of H 2 could play an important role in reaching sustainability goals for the globe. Two particularly intriguing pathways to renewable H 2 production include solar photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting and PV-powered water electrolysis. This talk will describe advances in both areas, with a focus on the development of catalysts, semiconductors, and interfaces. Examples will include unassisted PEC water-splitting systems with different configurations, involving a range of semiconductor and catalyst materials, as well as non-precious metal catalyst development for PEM electrolysis.
Nested Intervals Tree Encoding with Continued Fractions (2004)

We introduce a new variation of Tree Encoding with Nested Intervals, find connections with Materialized Path, and suggest a method for moving parts of the hierarchy.
The interaction of helium with α-quartz (1981)

A detailed method of calculating the three-dimensional interaction of gas atoms with solid surfaces has been developed in order to provide a quantitiative means of determining atmospheric evolution and global distribution on exospheric planetary bodies. The computational method involves accurate structural models of the surface and subsurface, and numerical solution of 60-dimensional differential equations of motion in a Monte Carlo calculation of the collision process. Preliminary results for the He–α-quartz system are described.
Digital holographic microscope for thermal characterization of silicon microhotplates for gas sensor (2004)

Digital Holographic Microscope has been employed to obtain an accurate characterization of a micro-hotplate for gas sensing applications. The fabrication of these sensors needs different materials, with different properties and different technological processes, which involve high temperature treatments. Consequently, the structure is affected by the presence of residual stresses, appearing in form of undesired bowing of the membrane. Moreover, when the temperature of the sensor increases, a further warpage of the structure is observed. DHM allows to evaluate, with high accuracy, deformations due to the residual stress and how these deformations are affected by thermal loads. In particular, profiles of the structure have been evaluated both in quasi-static condition and the profile variation due to the biasing of the heater resistor has been measured.