gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Agglomeration Mechanism and a Protective Role of Al2O3 for Prolonged Cycle Life of Si Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2018)

Si, the high-capacity anode for Li-ion battery (LIB), has intrinsic 300% volume changes limiting its commercial application. The volume change leads to particle pulverization that results in loss of electrical contacts. Various nanostructures are proposed to avoid the pulverization, but the commercialization is still a distant future. Recently, Al2O3 has demonstrated its ability to enhance electrochemical cycling performance. However, a comprehensive mechanistic role of the Al2O3 has not been well-understood. Here, we have combined electrochemical and chemical agitation tests to propose two novel mechanisms: Si agglomeration and a protective role of the Al2O3. LiPF6, the common Li salt of the LIB electrolyte, decomposes and forms HF that etches the native oxide layer then forms a labile Si–H surface. Because of the labile Si–H surfaces, the Si particles agglomerate during the volume changes. The Si agglomeration has a detrimental effect on the cycling performance associated with the loss of electrical contacts. On the other hand, in the presence of the Al2O3, the Al2O3 consumes the HF, protecting the native oxide layer that resists the agglomeration. Thus, the Si particles with Al2O3 are better-dispersed. The Al2O3 allows the better Si dispersion during electrochemical cycles, resulting in improved capacity retention.
Concept Extraction to Identify Adverse Drug Reactions in Medical Forums: A Comparison of Algorithms (2015)

Social media is becoming an increasingly important source of information to complement traditional pharmacovigilance methods. In order to identify signals of potential adverse drug reactions, it is necessary to first identify medical concepts in the social media text. Most of the existing studies use dictionary-based methods which are not evaluated independently from the overall signal detection task. We compare different approaches to automatically identify and normalise medical concepts in consumer reviews in medical forums. Specifically, we implement several dictionary-based methods popular in the relevant literature, as well as a method we suggest based on a state-of-the-art machine learning method for entity recognition. MetaMap, a popular biomedical concept extraction tool, is used as a baseline. Our evaluations were performed in a controlled setting on a common corpus which is a collection of medical forum posts annotated with concepts and linked to controlled vocabularies such as MedDRA and SNOMED CT. To our knowledge, our study is the first to systematically examine the effect of popular concept extraction methods in the area of signal detection for adverse reactions. We show that the choice of algorithm or controlled vocabulary has a significant impact on concept extraction, which will impact the overall signal detection process. We also show that our proposed machine learning approach significantly outperforms all the other methods in identification of both adverse reactions and drugs, even when trained with a relatively small set of annotated text.
Analysis of capacity of picocell with dominating video streaming traffic (2014)

This paper focuses on the research of centralized wireless networks where main load is formed with on-line video streaming services. In case of congestion channel resources are not enough for satisfying all the users requirements. This brings to degradation of video playback (appearance of rebufferings, forced transcoding to lower bit rate etc). Congestion has probabilistic nature, since it depends not only on number of users but also on there location relatively to a base station and chosen bit rates of videos. For considered networks we propose a model and two techniques of congestion probability estimation. Basing on these estimations network capacity is analyzed.
Tolerance to Ammonia in the Common Edible Mushroom Induced in Vitro (1991)

Commercial strains of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach that were grown in vitro at 32C for 4 to 5 weeks on a medium containing 250 μg amantadine/ml followed by hyphal tip-culturing showed an enhanced tolerance of ammonia in the compost during cropping trials. Yield of mushrooms by a treated off-white strain (GSP-18) and a treated white strain (Marlowe-503) was higher in composts with elevated levels of ammonia (0.11% to 0.27%) than that of the untreated cultures. Tolerance was related to the ability of the treated cultures to grow vegetatively in the ammonia-enriched compost. Tolerance was expressed by the cultures for at least 14 months following induction.
El "diálogo" de las fuentes: fragmentación y coherencia en el derecho internacional contemporáneo (2009)

En el comienzo del siglo XXI los efectos de la mundializacion causados sobre todo por la revolucion en las comunicaciones, se extienden indistintamente a todos los dominios de la vida contemporanea. La cooperacion, a su vez, se expande a sectores tan variados como el comercio internacional, los derechos humanos, la explotacion de los recursos marinos y la preservacion del medio ambiente. La combinacion de estos factores influenciara fuertemente al derecho internacional. Es aun un hecho incuestionable el que las ultimas decadas han conocido una extraordinaria expansion de las normas juridicas internacionales acompanadas de la formacion de la jerarquia normativa en el derecho internacional gracias al reconocimiento del jus cogens por la Convencion de Viena sobre Derecho de los Tratados. Esa impresionante proliferacion normativa entreabrio la probabilidad de conflictos normativos y profundizo la tendencia a la fragmentacion del derecho internacional en multiples subsistemas dotados de logica propia y fines especificos. Esos hechos suscitan la preocupacion por la
A generalized design framework for IIR digital multiple notch filters (2015)

Digital multiple notch filters are used in a variety of applications to remove or suppress multiple sinusoidal or narrow-band interference in digital signals. In this paper, we propose an all-pass filter-based design framework for infinite impulse response (IIR) multiple notch filters. Our approach aims to overcome the limitations of former techniques through greater design capacity and performance. The proposed framework has versatility and enables the tailored use of design constraints thus providing a family of possible multiple notch filter design methods. The design performance and practicality of the proposed framework are verified empirically by a series of experimental results and different applications.
Changes in Peroxide Melt-Modified Poly(L-lactide) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChanges in Peroxide Melt-Modified Poly(L-lactide)Anders Soedergaard, Maria Niemi, Johan-Fredrik Selin, and Jan H. NaesmanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 4, 1203–1207Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00043a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00043a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrostatic Self Assembly Of Carbon Nano-Tubes (2008)

Carbon nano-tubes are self assembled between two electrodes using an electric field for sensor and transistor applications. Transistor behavior, source/drain current versus gate voltage, was demonstrated.
Determining the site of pharyngeal collapse in sleep apnea patients from the inspiratory flow pattern (2014)

Rationale: The upper airway can collapse at a variety of sites in patients with OSA. However, site-specific surgery is currently not an option for many patients due to the difficulty in determining the site of collapse. Furthermore, recent evidence shows that different OSA patients exhibit distinct and characteristic inspiratory flow shapes during sleep. We hypothesized that the site of pharyngeal collapse in an individual could be determined from the shape of their inspiratory flow signal. Method: To answer this hypothesis, 40 individuals with sleep apnea were studied during natural sleep endoscopy with simultaneously measured airflow. Flow was measured with a pneumotach and the site of airway collapse was visualized with a pediatric bronchoscope. Collapse was produced by slowly lowering CPAP to several cmH2O below the therapeutic level. The site if airway collapse was categorized using the VOTE classification (velum, oropharyngeal lateral walls, tongue base, and epiglottis). The configuration of airway collapse (AP, lateral, concentric) was also classified. The inspiratory flow shape was quantified as the percent reduction in airflow between the peak flow (early in inspiration) and the flow at peak negative epiglottic pressure (during mid/late inspiration). Results: Patients with collapse primarily at the palate exhibited a small reduction in flow from early to late inspiration. On the other hand, collapse at any of the other sites exhibited a more scooped-out inspiratory flow shape (large reduction peak flow from early to late inspiration). Conclusion: Analysis of the inspiratory flow shape could yield important structural information for guiding pharyngeal surgery.
THE DUAL BEAM PICOSECOND CONTINUUM TECHNIQUE FOR MEASUREMENT OF SHORT-TIME-SCALE TRANSMISSION SPECTRA (1998)

Abstract In this work, a dual-beam measurement technique is presented to measure the short-time-scale optical properties of novel materials. It is shown that the picosecond continuum probe source obtained from nonlinear interaction with H2O/D2O is highly variable and does not permit detection of small changes in absorption /transmission spectra. The dual-beam approach is proposed to allow simultaneous measurement of a sample's properties in both the excited and steady states. As an example, the technique is applied to the picosecond transmission spectrum of light-emitting porous silicon. Photo-induced absorption is observed at a level that could not be detected without the new technique.
Dynamic Model Identification for Industrial Robots (2007)

The use of periodic excitation is the key feature of the presented robot identification method. Periodic excitation allows us to integrate the experiment design, signal processing, and parameter estimation. This integration simplifies the identification procedure and yields accurate models. Experimental results on an industrial robot manipulator show that the estimated dynamic robot model can accurately predict the actuator torques for a given robot motion. Accurate actuator torque prediction is a fundamental requirement for robot models that are used for offline programming, task optimization, and advanced model-based control. A payload identification approach is derived from the integrated robot identification method, and possesses the same favorable properties.
High performance, advanced-internal-magnesium-infiltration (AIMI) MgB 2 wires processed using a vapor-solid reaction route (2020)

MgB<sub>2</sub> superconducting wires made using a Mg infiltration method have reached a higher performance than either <i>in-situ</i> or <i>ex-situ</i> mixed powder based routes. Indeed, very high layer <i>J</i> <sub>c</sub> coupled with whole-strand <i>J</i> <sub>e</sub> (critical current per total strand cross section) exceeding 10<sup>4</sup> A cm<sup>-2</sup> at 4.2 K, 10 T have been found for monocore MgB<sub>2</sub> wires. However, previous multicore infiltration route wires have not reached their potential for <i>J</i> <sub>e</sub> due to partially reacted and non-uniform MgB<sub>2</sub> layers. This study shows that 18-core MgB<sub>2</sub> AIMI wires processed using a low temperature route can attain higher and more uniform <i>J</i> <sub>e</sub> values due to a more uniform MgB<sub>2</sub> reaction layer. The formation of fully reacted, uniform MgB<sub>2</sub> layers is attributed to the switch from a liquid-solid to a vapor-solid reaction route.
Multithreaded processor architectures (1995)

The authors describe how independent streams of instructions, interwoven on a single processor, fill its otherwise idle cycles and so boost its performance. They detail how such multithreaded architectures take the tack of hiding latency by supporting multiple concurrent streams of execution. When a long-latency operation occurs in one of the threads, another begins execution. In this way, useful work is performed while the time-consuming operation is completed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dynamic functional connectivity MEG features of Alzheimer’s disease (2023)

Abstract Dynamic resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) characterizes time-varying fluctuations of functional brain network activity. While many studies have investigated static functional connectivity, it has been unclear whether features of dynamic functional connectivity are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Popular sliding-window and clustering methods for extracting dynamic RSFC have various limitations that prevent extracting reliable features to address this question. Here, we use a novel and robust time-varying dynamic network (TVDN) approach to extract the dynamic RSFC features from high resolution magnetoencephalography (MEG) data of participants with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and matched controls. The TVDN algorithm automatically and adaptively learns the low-dimensional spatiotemporal manifold of dynamic RSFC and detects dynamic state transitions in data. We show that amongst all the functional features we investigated, the dynamic manifold features are the most predictive of AD. These include: the temporal complexity of the brain network, given by the number of state transitions and their dwell times, and the spatial complexity of the brain network, given by the number of eigenmodes. These dynamic features have high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing AD from healthy subjects. Intriguingly, we found that AD patients generally have higher spatial complexity but lower temporal complexity compared with healthy controls. We also show that graph theoretic metrics of dynamic component of TVDN are significantly different in AD versus controls, while static graph metrics are not statistically different. These results indicate that dynamic RSFC features are impacted in neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer’s disease, and may be crucial to understanding the pathophysiological trajectory of these diseases.
Probing the underlying physics of ejecta production from shocked Sn samples (2008)

This effort investigates the underlying physics of ejecta production for high explosive (HE) shocked Sn surfaces prepared with finishes typical to those roughened by tool marks left from machining processes. To investigate the physical mechanisms of ejecta production, we compiled and re-examined ejecta data from two experimental campaigns [W. S. Vogan et al., J. Appl. Phys. 98, 113508 (1998); M. B. Zellner et al., ibid. 102, 013522 (2007)] to form a self-consistent data set spanning a large parameter space. In the first campaign, ejecta created upon shock release at the back side of HE shocked Sn samples were characterized for samples with varying surface finishes but at similar shock-breakout pressures PSB. In the second campaign, ejecta were characterized for HE shocked Sn samples with a constant surface finish but at varying PSB.
A Versatile Tripodal Cu(I) Reagent for C–N Bond Construction via Nitrene-Transfer Chemistry: Catalytic Perspectives and Mechanistic Insights on C–H Aminations/Amidinations and Olefin Aziridinations (2014)

A CuI catalyst (1), supported by a framework of strongly basic guanidinato moieties, mediates nitrene-transfer from PhI═NR sources to a wide variety of aliphatic hydrocarbons (C–H amination or amidination in the presence of nitriles) and olefins (aziridination). Product profiles are consistent with a stepwise rather than concerted C–N bond formation. Mechanistic investigations with the aid of Hammett plots, kinetic isotope effects, labeled stereochemical probes, and radical traps and clocks allow us to conclude that carboradical intermediates play a major role and are generated by hydrogen-atom abstraction from substrate C–H bonds or initial nitrene-addition to one of the olefinic carbons. Subsequent processes include solvent-caged radical recombination to afford the major amination and aziridination products but also one-electron oxidation of diffusively free carboradicals to generate amidination products due to carbocation participation. Analyses of metal- and ligand-centered events by variable temperature electrospray mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, coupled with computational studies, indicate that an active, but still elusive, copper-nitrene (S = 1) intermediate initially abstracts a hydrogen atom from, or adds nitrene to, C–H and C═C bonds, respectively, followed by a spin flip and radical rebound to afford intra- and intermolecular C–N containing products.
Reply [to “Comment on ‘Large‐scale concentration and conversion of solar energy” by Hildebrandt, et al.” Comments on “Solar energy”] (1972)

We agree with Lister as to the substantial logistics involved in developing heliostat systems for large‐scale solar energy utilization. Our calculations show that solar energy is capable of supplying a large fraction of our energy needs by the year 2000; there are too few possible solutions available that can affect our impending energy crisis significantly. The effect on the economy because of the capital formation burden may be significant but will only be put into perspective after much more study.
A rapid microwave assisted synthesis of [U‐14C]isosorbide and dimethyl[U‐14C]isosorbide from D‐[U‐14C]glucose (2006)

Abstract [U‐ 14 C]Isosorbide and [U‐ 14 C]dimethyl isosorbide with a specific activity of 462 MBq/mmol was prepared from D ‐[U‐ 14 C]glucose, in an overall yield of 79%, under microwave heating conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Softening of hyperoxia treated alveolar epithelial cells reduces stretch‐induced injury (2013)

Objectives Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients are administered high concentrations of oxygen during mechanical ventilation; hyperoxia and mechanical ventilation can independently cause injury. The combination may even accelerate the injury, but how this injury occurs is still not fully understood. Here we show that stretch‐induced injury following hyperoxia is a function of cell elasticity (E). Methods We utilized an atomic force microscope (Asylum) in the indentation‐mode to measure E in cultured alveolar epithelial cells, and a cell‐stretch device to mimic mechanical ventilation. Cell detachment was determined following pre‐treatment with hyperoxia and subsequent cell stretching. Results Hyperoxia increased cell elasticity of lung epithelial cells, thus making them more brittle and more susceptible to stretch‐induced injury (Roan et. al). Decreasing E (softening) the cells after hyperoxia treatment by inhibiting RhoA Kinase (Y‐27632), by decreasing f‐actin (cytochalasin D), or by reducing acto‐myosin contractility (blebbistatin) reduced subsequent stretched‐induced injury. Conclusion Stretch‐induced injury in ARDS patients may be reduced by lowering the stiffness of cells.
Virulence of human and bovine isolates of group B streptococci (types Ia and III) in experimental pregnant mouse models (1985)

Two experimental mouse models were tested for their suitability in measuring virulence of two human and two bovine isolates (types Ia and III) of group B streptococci. In the first model, the kinetics of the number of bacteria in the spleen, liver, and placenta of mice inoculated intravenously on day 16 of pregnancy were monitored for 48 h after infection. In the second model, lethality and abortion were recorded for mice inoculated on day 13 of pregnancy. Levels of colonization in spleens or livers and lethality were significantly greater (P less than 0.001) for human isolates than for bovine isolates. In contrast, no statistically significant differences in the ability to colonize placentas and to induce abortions were noted between human and bovine isolates. The results showed that pregnant mice were more sensitive than nonpregnant mice to a challenge with group B streptococci. The results also suggest that placental colonization and abortion could be a suitable mouse model in evaluating the virulence of human and bovine isolates of group B streptococci.
<title>Organic Materials For Non Linear Optics</title> (1983)

Transparent single crystals of different phenols are grown from the melt or from saturated solution in various solvents. Crystal structure determination are studied by X-Ray or neutron diffraction methods. Among them several are used to measure physical properties. For this paper we choose non linear optical properties. Measurements first made on powder to know the importance of the phenomena have to be repeated on single crystals in several directions to know coefficients of the NLO tensor. At present time data are known for 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol (tetragonal - space group P41). These negative uniaxial crystals are found to have NLO coefficients (d333, d331) = (1.1, 1.4) x 10-9 esu respectively. On the other hand, data show that nx at 0.53 &mu; is almost equal to nz at 1.06 &mu; (&Delta;n = 0.0023). This fact means that the coherence length for the second harmonic generation at 1.06 &mu; is very large. If in fact the two indices were identically equal, we would have a very useful crystal as a device for doubling the readily available 1.06 &mu; source up to 0.53 &mu;, particularly since there are only few crystals known which have this quality. Same measurements have to be made on an isomorphous compound, 4-isopropylphenol. The two compounds syncrystallizes to give solid solution ; so it will be interesting to grow, if possible, single crystals of intermediate composition and made NLO measurements on them.