gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A microfluidic sensor for evaluation of solute and solvent membrane permeability in individual cells (2017)

This paper presents design, fabrication and testing of a microfluidic sensor for real time yeast cell permeability study. The device detects volume change by measuring impedances within 0.19s after mixing with different media. It achieved a detection throughput of 150 samples/second, measures impedance values at all ten electrodes at this rate and allows tracking of individual cell volume changes over a 1.3s postmixing timespan, facilitating accurate individual cell estimates of water permeability. We believe that these are the first reports of individual cell permeabilities using electrical impedance techniques and we anticipate that any mammalian cell type in RBC that has over 3 orders of magnitude change in volume, can be measured by our microfluidic sensor.
Investigation of changes in modal characteristics before and after damage of a railway bridge: a case study (2015)

The linear, time-invariant transfer function has been utilised for the construction of frequency response function , based on the ambient vibration measurements. The results presented here indicated the possibility to identify and localise damages in steel railway bridges from the variations in the modal characteristics of the structure. The comparison between the modal characteristics for the healthy and collapsed bridge confirmed that damage had been existed. The abnormal percentage of change in modal damping, between the healthy and any other condition for a structure, can be regarded as a serious indicator for early stages of damage, while the high percentage of change in modal damping can clearly indicate the existence of damage in that structure. The average ratio of change in the damping ratio from the healthy to the collapsed bridge was about 206% and this ratio could be regarded as an index for the existence of a serious damage in steel bridges, which needs further evaluation in other test cases.
An External Positioning Mechanism for Robotic Surgery (2011)

Current surgical robotic systems have shown that the robotic approach bring many benefits to both surgeons and patients. However, these systems still need further improvements to increase dexterity and to facilitate a cost-effective integration in any standard operating room. With this goal, we propose a compact and accurate positioning mechanism, called Dionis. This spatial hybrid mechanism based on a parallel kinematics provides three rotations and one translation for single incision laparoscopy. The corresponding axes intersect at a remote center of motion that is coincident with the entry point into the patient's abdominal cavity. In addition, the compact design of the Dionis robot allows direct access to the patient, without removing the robotic system. This, besides saving precious space in the operating room, improves safety over existing solutions. This article presents the conceptual design of the Dionis robot followed by its workspace and dynamic analysis. The required maximum speed and maximum torque of the actuators are obtained for a set of typical trajectories to chose the most appropriate actuators. The final design and a summary of the control architecture are as well described.
Array assessment of phage‐displayed peptide mimics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 gp41 immunodominant epitope: Binding to antibodies of infected individuals (2004)

An array of phage-displayed mimetic peptides representing 18 sequences from the HIV-1 gp41 immunodominant epitope was fabricated on a nitrocellulose membrane. It used to compare the antibody-binding affinity of the peptide and to monitor the immune response of four patients prior to and after the initiation of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in parallel assays with several probes using near-infrared fluorescence detection. The proposed multiplexed approach is highly sensitive, consumes less sample and can be used to analyze the immune repertoires of virus-infected individuals.
Stereoselective C-Glycosylation Reactions with Arylzinc Reagents (2012)

A general, transition-metal-free, highly stereoselective cross-coupling reaction between glycosyl bromides and various arylzinc reagents leading to β-arylated glycosides is reported. The stereoselectivity of the reaction is explained by invoking anchimeric assistance via a bicyclic intermediate. Stereochemical probes confirm the participation of the 2-pivaloyloxy group. Finally, this new method was applied to a short and efficient stereoselective synthesis of Dapagliflozin and Canagliflozin.
Noncalssical condensed thiophenes. VI. Isothianaphthene 2,2-dioxides (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNoncalssical condensed thiophenes. VI. Isothianaphthene 2,2-dioxidesM. P. Cava and J. McGradyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 1, 72–77Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00889a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00889a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views449Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cell culture and gene transcription effects of copper sulfate on Chinese hamster ovary cells (2011)

This study reports the effects of varying concentrations of copper sulfate on the metabolic and gene transcriptional profile of a recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line producing an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-fusion protein (B0). Addition of 50 μM copper sulfate significantly decreased lactate accumulation in the cultures while increasing viable cell density and protein titer. These changes could be seen from day 6 and became increasingly evident with culture duration. Reducing the copper sulfate concentration to 5 μM retained all the above beneficial effects, but with the added benefit of reduced levels of the aggregated form of the B0 protein. To profile the cellular changes due to copper sulfate addition at the transcriptional level, Affymetrix® CHO microarrays were used to identify differentially expressed genes related to reduced cellular stresses and facilitated cell cycling. Based on the microarray results, down-regulation of the transferrin receptor and lactate dehydrogenase, and up-regulation of a cytochrome P450 family-2 polypeptide were then confirmed by Western blotting. These results showed that copper played a critical role in cell metabolism and productivity on recombinant CHO cells and highlighted the usefulness of microarray data for better understanding biological responses on medium modification.
<title>Interferometric versus confocal techniques for imaging microstructures in turbid biological media</title> (1994)

In this paper we compare the performance of confocal and optical- coherence (OC) microscopes designed for imaging structures in a dense biological tissue, like skin, to depths greater than several hundred micrometers. Simple theoretical models, supplemented by Monte-Carlo simulations, are developed for evaluating the optical-sectioning capabilities of the two types of microscopes. The OC microscope is shown to exhibit superior rejection of undesired scattered light when the available angular field of view is restricted. Results of experimental studies with tissue phantoms show a progressive degradation with optical depth in the contrast of objects viewed by a confocal microscope compared to that achieved with the heterodyne technique. We conclude by making a few observations and generalizations regarding the suitability of OC and confocal techniques for potential in-vivo applications.
Multi-scale experimental and computational investigation of matrix cracking evolution in carbon fiber-reinforced composites in the absence and presence of voids (2018)

Manufacturing defects such as voids can influence matrix cracking, which is one of the main forms of damage in fiber-reinforced laminates. Characterization and investigation of matrix cracks is not straightforward, neither experimentally nor computationally. In the current study, we develop a methodology for in-situ analysis of matrix cracking evolution in the absence and presence of voids. The cracks are detected using digital image correlation at three different scales: macro, meso, and micro. Additionally, a combined two-scale computational approach is established for prediction of the effect of voids on matrix cracking. Local properties of the material are calculated using computational micromechanics and then serve as input for the meso-scale model based on extended finite element method. The computational approach predicts the crack density evolution in function of the applied deformation. The results of both experimental and computational studies reveal that voids initiate matrix cracks, causing earlier damage in off-axis plies. They also result in higher crack density, for a given applied strain.
Martin J. Junker著 ブームワッカー : 音楽の授業のための新しい打楽器 (2012)

本訳稿は、Hans Basler (Hrsg.): Aktiv horen - innovativ gestalten: Kongressbericht, 25. Bundesschulmusikwoche Hannover 2004, Schott, 2005. 所収のMartin J. Junker著 Boomwhackers - Ein neues Perkussionsinstrumentarium fur den Musikunterrichtを出版元であるSchott Music の許諾を得て全訳したものである。
Identification of enriched hyperthermophilic microbial communities from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney under electrolithoautotrophic culture conditions (2021)

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are extreme and complex ecosystems based on a trophic chain. We are still unsure of the identities of the first colonizers of these environments and their metabolism, but they are thought to be (hyper)thermophilic autotrophs. Here we investigate whether the electric potential observed across hydrothermal chimneys could serve as an energy source for these first colonizers. Experiments were performed in a two-chamber microbial electrochemical system inoculated with deep-sea hydrothermal chimney samples, with a cathode as sole electron donor, CO<sub>2</sub> as sole carbon source, and nitrate, sulfate, or oxygen as electron acceptors. After a few days of culturing, all three experiments showed growth of electrotrophic biofilms consuming the electrons (directly or indirectly) and producing organic compounds including acetate, glycerol, and pyruvate. Within the biofilms, the only known autotroph species retrieved were members of Archaeoglobales. Various heterotrophic phyla also grew through trophic interactions, with Thermococcales growing in all three experiments as well as other bacterial groups specific to each electron acceptor. This electrotrophic metabolism as energy source driving initial microbial colonization of conductive hydrothermal chimneys is discussed.
Galactose Recognition by the Apicomplexan Parasite Toxoplasma gondii (2012)

Toxosplasma gondii is the model parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa, which contains numerous obligate intracellular parasites of medical and veterinary importance, including Eimeria, Sarcocystis, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, and Plasmodium species. Members of this phylum actively enter host cells by a multistep process with the help of microneme protein (MIC) complexes that play important roles in motility, host cell attachment, moving junction formation, and invasion. T. gondii (Tg)MIC1-4-6 complex is the most extensively investigated microneme complex, which contributes to host cell recognition and attachment via the action of TgMIC1, a sialic acid-binding adhesin. Here, we report the structure of TgMIC4 and reveal its carbohydrate-binding specificity to a variety of galactose-containing carbohydrate ligands. The lectin is composed of six apple domains in which the fifth domain displays a potent galactose-binding activity, and which is cleaved from the complex during parasite invasion. We propose that galactose recognition by TgMIC4 may compromise host protection from galectin-mediated activation of the host immune system.
Allosteric Regulation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β: A Theoretical Study (2010)

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is a serine-threonine kinase belonging to the CMGC family that plays a key role in many biological processes, such as glucose metabolism, cell cycle regulation, and proliferation. Like most protein kinases, GSK-3β is regulated via multiple pathways and sites. We performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations on the unphosphorylated and phosphorylated unbound GSK-3β and the phosphorylated GSK-3β bound to a peptide substrate, its product, and a derived inhibitor. We found that GSK-3β autophosphorylation at residue Tyr(216) results in widening of the catalytic groove, thereby facilitating substrate access. In addition, we studied the interactions of the phosphorylated GSK-3β with a substrate and peptide inhibitor located at the active site and observed higher affinity of the inhibitor to the kinase. Furthermore, we detected a potential remote binding site which was previously identified in other kinases. In agreement with experiments we observed that binding of specific peptides at this remote site leads to stabilization of the activation loop located in the active site. We speculate that this stabilization could enhance the catalytic activity of the kinase. We point to this remote site as being structurally conserved and suggest that the allosteric phenomenon observed here may occur in the protein kinase superfamily.
High density processing of high performance ferrous materials (1994)

Density is a predominant factor in the performance of P/M components. Methods such as double press/double sinter, copper infiltration and powder forging have been employed to provide higher densities than traditional single press and sinter operations; however, their widespread use in constrained by cost and geometry considerations. A commercially proven method for obtaining single compaction/single sinter densities in the 7.25 to 7.55g/cm 3 range by means of the patented ANC0RDENSE TM technology is introduced. Conventional compaction pressures and sintering temperatures, typically not exceeding 50tsi (690MPa) or 2300 o F (1260 o C), respectively, are utilized. Resulting properties for several high performance materials are presented. Test results indicate that the new material system is a cost effective method of providing high density parts with outstanding physical properties. The process is shown to be applicable to a wide variety of high performance materials. Additionally, significant improvements in green strength and ejection forces are realized
EXPLORATORY STUDY OF INCIDENT VEHICLE CRASHES AMONG OLDER DRIVERS (2000)

Demographic, medical, functional and physical performance data were collected on 174 Alabama drivers age 55 or older in order to study the factors associated with vehicle crashes among older drivers. Initial data were collected in 1991 and subjects were then followed through 1996 for incident vehicle crashes. 61 subjects experienced between one and four police-reported vehicle crashes during the study period. Variables related to function, medication use, affect, neurological disease and visuocognitive skills were associated with vehicle crash involvement in this cohort. After adjusting for age, race, days driven per week and gender, Cox proportional-hazards models showed that the following variables were associated with crash involvement: at least one crash before 1991; reported difficulty with yard work or light housework, or opening a jar; use of hypnotic medication; failing the useful field-of-view test; self-reported stroke or transient ischemic attack; and scoring within the depressed range on the Geriatric Depression Scale. These findings suggest that multifactorial assessments should be used to identify at-risk older drivers.
MELCOR technical assessment at SNL (1993)

Atherectomy does not seem to confer any significant additional clinical benefit compared with balloon angioplasty or stenting. Further research is needed to justify its additional cost over other endovascular modalities.
Natural killer cells’ immune response requires a minimal nanoscale distribution of activating antigens (2018)

NK cells recognize cancer and viral cells by binding their activating receptors to antigens presenting on the membrane of target cells. Although the activation mechanism of NK cells is a subject of extensive research today, the role of the composition and spatial distribution of activating ligands in NK cell cytotoxicity is barely understood. In this work, we engineered a nanochip whose surface was patterned with matrices of antigens for NKG2D activating receptors. These matrices mimicked the spatial order of the surface of antigen presenting cells with molecular resolution. Using this chip, we elucidated the effect of the antigen spatial distribution on the NK cell spreading and immune activation. We found that the spatial distribution of the ligand within the 100 nm length-scale provides the minimal conditions for NKG2D regulated cell spreading. Furthermore, we found that the immune activation of NK cells requires the same minimal spatial distribution of activating ligands. Above this threshold, both spreading and activation plateaued, confirming that these two cell functions work hand in hand. Our study provides an important insight on the spatial mechanism of the cytotoxic activity of NK cells. This insight opens the way to rationally designed antitumor therapies that harness NK cytotoxicity.
Random laser marked PLCD1 gene therapy effect on human breast cancer (2019)

The utilization of laser spectroscopy has seen a dramatic increase in the past several decades and applications in experimental and theoretical development can be found at present in such areas as biomolecular research and medical practice. To verify the feasibility of a random sensitive means for marking the PLCD1 gene therapy effect on breast cancer, in this paper, the random lasing properties were studied in two groups of human breast xenograft tissues. Both coherent and incoherent random lasing regimes were observed from the AdHu5-EGFP group and the AdHu5-PLCD1 group, respectively. A question remains whether the tumor tissue sample receives PLCD1 gene therapy, and this issue becomes critical to the sample’s lasing spectrum performance. The inherent disorder of tumor breast tissues produces more light scatters randomly distributed in the tumor sample, resulting in coherent random lasing emission. Indeed, hematoxylin and eosin staining images attest to the fact that the spatial arrangement of the cells of the breast tumor exhibits more disorder and their organizational structure exhibits more irregularity than that of tumor tissues that receive PLCD1 therapy. Our studies pave the way for a random laser marked gene therapy for breast cancer.
Rifabutin‐ and furazolidone‐based Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies after failure of standard first‐ and second‐line eradication attempts in dyspepsia patients (2004)

Available H. pylori eradication therapies remain very effective and compliance to guidelines achieves high success rates. Furazolidone-based 'rescue' regimen achieved high eradication rates after failure of the standard first-line, second-line and rifabutin-based therapies.
FSA field test report, 1980-1982 (1983)

Photovoltaic modules made of new and developing materials were tested in a continuing study of weatherability, compatibility, and corrosion protection. Over a two-year period, 365 two-cell submodules have been exposed for various intervals at three outdoor sites in Southern California or subjected to laboratory acceptance tests. Results to date show little loss of maximum power output, except in two types of modules. In the first of these, failure is due to cell fracture from the stresses that arise as water is rgained from the surrounding air by a hardboard substrate, which shrank as it dried during its encapsulation in plastic film at 150/sup 0/C in vacuo. In the second, the glass superstrate is sensitive to cracking, which also damages the cells electrostatically bonded to it; inadequate bonding of interconnects to the cells is also a problem in these modules. In a third type of module, a polyurethane pottant has begun to yellow, though as yet without significant effect on maximum power output.
A Nonlinear Transform and its application in the optimum receiving of Ultra Narrow-band (2009)

For these communication systems whose transmitted waveforms have a much closed signal space, such as the attractive Ultra Narrow-band (UNB) modulation technology, it is rather toilsome to obtain the satisfactory performance because of the difficulty in accurately determining the threshold of the optimum receiver, which is mainly caused by its tiny waveform dipartition as well as the unruly DC variant. To response this realistic challenge, a novel nonlinear transform in receiver has been proposed in this paper. It is demonstrated that our presented scheme can indeed improve the BER performance of the Ultra Narrow-band system.
Hepatic PTEN Signaling Regulates Systemic Metabolic Homeostasis through Hepatokines-Mediated Liver-to-Peripheral Organs Crosstalk (2022)

Liver-derived circulating factors deeply affect the metabolism of distal organs. Herein, we took advantage of the hepatocyte-specific PTEN knockout mice (LPTENKO), a model of hepatic steatosis associated with increased muscle insulin sensitivity and decreased adiposity, to identify potential secreted hepatic factors improving metabolic homeostasis. Our results indicated that protein factors, rather than specific metabolites, released by PTEN-deficient hepatocytes trigger an improved muscle insulin sensitivity and a decreased adiposity in LPTENKO. In this regard, a proteomic analysis of conditioned media from PTEN-deficient primary hepatocytes identified seven hepatokines whose expression/secretion was deregulated. Distinct expression patterns of these hepatokines were observed in hepatic tissues from human/mouse with NAFLD. The expression of specific factors was regulated by the PTEN/PI3K, PPAR or AMPK signaling pathways and/or modulated by classical antidiabetic drugs. Finally, loss-of-function studies identified FGF21 and the triad AHSG, ANGPTL4 and LECT2 as key regulators of insulin sensitivity in muscle cells and in adipocytes biogenesis, respectively. These data indicate that hepatic PTEN deficiency and steatosis alter the expression/secretion of hepatokines regulating insulin sensitivity in muscles and the lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. These hepatokines could represent potential therapeutic targets to treat obesity and insulin resistance.
Table S1 from On-Target Pharmacodynamic Activity of the PI3K Inhibitor Copanlisib in Paired Biopsies from Patients with Malignant Lymphoma and Advanced Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;shows an overview of patient disposition&lt;/p&gt;