gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Sodium Carbonates' Presence on the Soil Extract's Chemical Composition (1982)

Abstract It is shown experimentally that some sodic soils contain difficult‐to‐detect Na carbonate minerals which affect the chemical compositions of their aqueous extracts. Upon extraction with water, a portion of the dissolved HCO ‐ 3 reacts with Ca 2+ initially present in the soil (in a solid phase or occupying exchange sites) and is immediately precipitated as CaCO 3 . This phenomenon reduces extract pH and alkalinity (by precipitation of CaCO 3 and release of CO 2 gas) which obscures the initial presence of alkalinity.
Optimal Penetration of Photovoltaic Systems in Distribution Networks (2013)

The penetration level of a PV system is often limited due to the violation of voltage variation introduced by the large intermittent power generation. This paper discusses the use of an active power curtailment strategy to reduce PV power injection during peak solar irradiation to prevent voltage violation so that the PV penetration level of a distribution feeder can be increased to fully utilize solar energy. When using the proposed voltage control scheme for limiting PV power injection into the study distribution feeder during high solar irradiation periods, the total power generation and total energy delivered by the PV system over a 1-year period are determined according to the annual duration of solar irradiation. With the proposed voltage control to perform the partial generation rejection of PV systems, the optimal installation capacity of PV systems can be determined by maximizing the net present value of the system so that better cost effectiveness of the PV project and better utilization of solar energy can be obtained.
Functional expression of P-glycoproteins in secretory vesicles. (1994)

We expressed P-glycoproteins (P-gps) encoded by the three mouse mdr genes in the membranes of secretory vesicles (SV) accumulating in the yeast mutant strain sec 6-4. Expression of the Mdr1 and Mdr3 isoforms in SV membranes caused a significant increased accumulation of the drug vinblastine (VBL) over background levels measured in control SV. The Mdr1/Mdr3-mediated increased drug accumulation could be completely abolished by the P-gp modulator verapamil. By contrast, overexpression of Mdr2 in these vesicles failed to increase intravesicular VBL accumulation over background levels. Mdr3-mediated VBL transport was not affected by changes in the membrane potential, since identical rates of VBL uptake were measured in the presence or absence of the endogenous proton-translocating PMA1 H(+)-ATPase responsible for the strong electrochemical membrane potential across SV membranes. Moreover, in the presence of a delta micro-H+ across the SV membranes (inside positive) of almost 90 mV, we detected in Mdr3-expressing SV an enhanced accumulation of the lipophilic cation and P-gp substrate tetraphenylphosphonium, suggesting that P-gp-mediated uptake of this cation occurs against an intravesicular depolarized membrane. Likewise, VBL transport in Mdr3-expressing SV was not affected by the presence or absence of a steep proton gradient (inside acid) and was independent of any proton movements, excluding a proton synport or antiport mechanism for P-gp-mediated drug transport. Finally, we could demonstrate that colchicine accumulation in Mdr3-expressing SV occurred against a significant substrate concentration gradient, reaching a 7-fold increase in intravesicular colchicine concentration above the extravesicular medium drug concentration. Our studies show that SV isolated from the temperature-sensitive yeast sec 6-4 mutants are an ideal tool to express and to functionally characterize heterologous membrane proteins, in general and P-gps, in particular.
Effects of sinking velocities and microbial respiration rates on the attenuation of particulate carbon fluxes through the mesopelagic zone (2015)

Abstract The attenuation of sinking particle fluxes through the mesopelagic zone is an important process that controls the sequestration of carbon and the distribution of other elements throughout the oceans. Case studies at two contrasting sites, the oligotrophic regime of the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study (BATS) and the mesotrophic waters of the west Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) sector of the Southern Ocean, revealed large differences in the rates of particle‐attached microbial respiration and the average sinking velocities of marine particles, two parameters that affect the transfer efficiency of particulate matter from the base of the euphotic zone into the deep ocean. Rapid average sinking velocities of 270 ± 150 m d −1 were observed along the WAP, whereas the average velocity was 49 ± 25 m d −1 at the BATS site. Respiration rates of particle‐attached microbes were measured using novel RESPIRE (REspiration of Sinking Particles In the subsuRface ocEan) sediment traps that first intercepts sinking particles then incubates them in situ. RESPIRE experiments yielded flux‐normalized respiration rates of 0.4 ± 0.1 day −1 at BATS when excluding an outlier of 1.52 day −1 , while these rates were undetectable along the WAP (0.01 ± 0.02 day −1 ). At BATS, flux‐normalized respiration rates decreased exponentially with respect to depth below the euphotic zone with a 75% reduction between the 150 and 500 m depths. These findings provide quantitative and mechanistic insights into the processes that control the transfer efficiency of particle flux through the mesopelagic and its variability throughout the global oceans.
Gene signature model for breast cancer risk prediction for women with sclerosing adenosis (2015)

Benign breast disease (BBD) is diagnosed in 1-2 million women/year in the US, and while these patients are known to be at substantially increased risk for subsequent development of breast cancer, existing models for risk assessment perform poorly at the individual level. Here, we describe a DNA-microarray-based transcriptional model for breast cancer risk prediction for patients with sclerosing adenosis (SA), which represent ¼ of all BBD patients. A training set was developed from 86 patients diagnosed with SA, of which 27 subsequently developed cancer within 10 years (cases) and 59 remained cancer-free at 10 years (controls). An diagonal linear discriminate analysis-prediction model for prediction of cancer within 10 years (SA TTC10) was generated from transcriptional profiles of FFPE biopsy-derived RNA. This model was tested on a separate validation case-control set composed of 65 SA patients. The SA TTC10 gene signature model, composed of 35 gene features, achieved a clear and significant separation between case and control with receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.913 in the training set and 0.836 in the validation set. Our results provide the first demonstration that benign breast tissue contains transcriptional alterations that indicate risk of breast cancer development, demonstrating that essential precursor biomarkers of malignancy are present many years prior to cancer development. Furthermore, the SA TTC10 gene signature model, which can be assessed on FFPE biopsies, constitutes a novel prognostic biomarker for patients with SA.
III-V-semiconductor-based MOEMS devices for optical telecommunications (2001)

The general objective of this presentation is to demonstrate the potential of Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical (MEOMS) devices based on III-V semiconductor materials, with a special emphasis on applications for Telecommunications. Unlike more classical MOEMS devices, such as shutters, rotating mirrors, etc..., which utilize the concept of geometrical optics, III-V semiconductor MOEMS structures presented here operate via the manipulation of optical interferences. The basic building block consists in a multi-air-gap/suspended membrane structure which can be micromachined using multi-layered III-V semiconductor based heterostructures. This building block is very generic in that it can be designed in a variety of manners allowing for the production of a wide range of optical functions. As a matter of fact the wavelength dependence of the transmittance or of the reflectance depends strongly on the number, the thickness and the successive air- gap/semiconductor pairs, and, given the high index contrast between air and semiconductor, a wide choice of spectral responses can be obtained with very few of them. In addition, a wide choice of electro-opto-mechanical modulations of the spectral responses can be produced by moving vertically, via electrostatic actuation, one or several suspended membranes independently. One single device can be designed in order to achieve one or several functions. Such devices as tunable filters for WDM systems, tunable photodetectors, tunable VCSEL, which are based on this generic building block, will be presented.
Population distribution and ancestry of the cancer protective MDM2 SNP285 (rs117039649) (2014)

The MDM2 promoter SNP285C is located on the SNP309G allele. While SNP309G enhances Sp1 transcription factor binding and MDM2 transcription, SNP285C antagonizes Sp1 binding and reduces the risk of breast-, ovary- and endometrial cancer. Assessing SNP285 and 309 genotypes across 25 different ethnic populations (>10.000 individuals), the incidence of SNP285C was 6-8% across European populations except for Finns (1.2%) and Saami (0.3%). The incidence decreased towards the Middle-East and Eastern Russia, and SNP285C was absent among Han Chinese, Mongolians and African Americans. Interhaplotype variation analyses estimated SNP285C to have originated about 14,700 years ago (95% CI: 8,300 - 33,300). Both this estimate and the geographical distribution suggest SNP285C to have arisen after the separation between Caucasians and modern day East Asians (17,000 - 40,000 years ago). We observed a strong inverse correlation (r = -0.805; p < 0.001) between the percentage of SNP309G alleles harboring SNP285C and the MAF for SNP309G itself across different populations suggesting selection and environmental adaptation with respect to MDM2 expression in recent human evolution. In conclusion, we found SNP285C to be a pan-Caucasian variant. Ethnic variation regarding distribution of SNP285C needs to be taken into account when assessing the impact of MDM2 SNPs on cancer risk.
Device-independent markup language (2005)

Today's complex appliances are plagued by difficult-to-use and inconsistent user interfaces. This paper proposes device-independent markup language that addresses these problems by transforming UI automatically in real using time. Users will control their appliances using personal devices they already have, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) or mobile phones. User interfaces are automatically generated so that each appliance interface can be customized for the user and the device on which the interface is displayed. Interfaces generated by the proposed transformation engine will take into account interfaces previously generated for the user and create single combined interfaces for multiple connected appliances, like a home theater, that usually have separate interfaces for each appliance. I intend to evaluate the completed system by conducting user studies to show that my automatically generated interfaces are more usable than functionally identical manufacturers' interfaces.
Optomechanical Enhancement of Doubly Resonant 2D Optical Nonlinearity (2016)

Emerging two-dimensional semiconductor materials possess a giant second order nonlinear response due to excitonic effects while the monolayer thickness of such active materials limits their use in practical nonlinear devices. Here, we report 3300 times optomechanical enhancement of second harmonic generation from a MoS2 monolayer in a doubly resonant on-chip optical cavity. We achieve this by engineering the nonlinear light-matter interaction in a microelectro-mechanical system enabled optical frequency doubling device based on an electrostatically tunable Fabry-Perot microresonator. Our versatile optomechanical approach will pave the way for next generation efficient on-chip tunable light sources, sensors, and systems based on molecularly thin materials.
Aerodynamic Performance of Turbine Center Frames With Purge Flows—Part I: The Influence of Turbine Purge Flow Rates (2018)

This two-part paper deals with the influence of high-pressure turbine (HPT) purge flows on the aerodynamic performance of turbine center frames (TCF). Measurements were carried out in a product-representative one and a half-stage turbine test setup. Four individual purge mass flows differing in flow rate, pressure, and temperature were injected through the hub and tip, forward and aft cavities of the unshrouded HPT rotor. Two TCF designs, equipped with nonturning struts, were tested and compared. In this first part of the paper, the influence of different purge flow rates (PFR) is discussed, while in the second part of the paper, the impact of the individual hub and tip purge flows on the TCF aerodynamics is investigated. The acquired measurement data illustrate that the interaction of the ejected purge flow with the main flow enhances the secondary flow structures through the TCF duct. Depending on the PFR, the radial migration of purge air onto the strut surfaces directly impacts the loss behavior of the duct. The losses associated with the flow close to the struts and in the strut wakes are highly dependent on the relative position between the HPT vane and the strut leading edge (LE), as well as the interaction between vane wake and ejected purge flow. This first-time experimental assessment demonstrates that a reduction in the purge air requirement benefits the engine system performance by lowering the TCF total pressure loss.
A versatile paradigm for scan chain diagnosis of complex faults using signal processing techniques (2008)

Scan chains are popularly used as the channels for silicon testing and debugging. However, they have also been identified as one of the culprits of silicon failure more recently. To cope with this problem, several scan chain diagnosis approaches have been proposed in the past. The existing methods, however, suffer from one common drawback—that is, they rely on fault models and matching heuristics to locate the faults. Such a paradigm may run into difficulty when the fault under diagnosis does not match the fault model exactly, for example, when there is a bridging between a flip-flop and a logic cell, or the fault is temporal and only manifests itself intermittently. In light of this, we propose in this article a more versatile model-free paradigm for locating the faulty flip-flops in a scan chain, incorporating a number of signal processing techniques, such as filtering and edge detection. These techniques performed on the test responses of the failing chip under diagnosis directly can effectively reveal the fault location(s) in a scan chain. As compared to the previous works, our approach is better capable of handling intermittent faults and bridging faults, even under nonideal conditions, for example, when the core logic is also faulty. Experimental results on several real designs indicate that this approach can indeed catch some nasty faults that previous methods could not catch.
A Model Compound Study: The Formation of Colored Metallic Extractive Complexes and Their Effect on the Brightness of Tmp Pulp (1999)

Abstract Flavonoids, such as Quercetin, are the main polyphenol compounds found in extractives. When complexing with transition metal ions, these extractives may induce a significant discoloration to mechanical pulps. In this study, the effect of metallic extractive complexes was investigated using a model compound, Quercetin. It was confirmed that the complexes formed between some metal ions and Quercetin are strongly colored. However, most of the strong absorbance in visible light due to metallic Quercetin complexes, can be eliminated by the addition of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The metal ions studied were Fe(III), Cu(II), Mn(II) and AI(III).
Leukoaraiosis Is Associated With a Decline in Language Abilities in Chronic Aphasia (2019)

<i>Background</i>. A fraction of stroke survivors with chronic aphasia experience declines in language abilities over time, but the reason for this remains unclear. <i>Objective</i>. To evaluate the effect of leukoaraiosis on baseline aphasia severity and long-term changes in aphasia severity. This study directly compares the predictive capacity of leukoaraiosis severity to that of lesion damage, a factor known to account for a substantial proportion of variance in the degree of language impairment and recovery. <i>Methods</i>. Using a longitudinal database of behavioral and neuroimaging data from 35 individuals in the chronic stage of recovery after a single-event left-hemisphere stroke (9 females, mean stroke age = 55.8 ± 9.1 years, mean months poststroke at initial evaluation = 36.3 ± 40.8), we examined 2 lines of inquiry: (1) to what extent does leukoaraiosis severity at initial evaluation predict aphasia severity and (2) to what extent does leukoaraiosis severity at initial evaluation predict longitudinal change in aphasia severity. Participants underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging for the purpose of lesion volume analysis and leukoaraiosis severity rating. Biographical information was also considered. <i>Results</i>. Lesion volume and time poststroke at initial assessment best predicted initial aphasia severity (adjusted <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.37). Leukoaraiosis severity and initial aphasia severity significantly predicted decline in language abilities at follow-up, accounting for approximately one-third of the variance (adjusted <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.33). More severe leukoaraiosis was associated with a 4.3 odds increase of decline. <i>Conclusions</i>. Leukoaraiosis is a significant risk factor for declining language abilities in aphasia and should be considered for better identification of individuals at risk for long-term decline, which can guide clinical decision making.
Conformations of complexes between mitomycins and decanucleotides. 3. Sequence specificity, binding at C-10, and mitomycin analogs (1988)

Molecular mechanics simulation of the interactions of mitomycin C and certain analogues with DNA models are presented. The sequence specificity of mitomycin C binding was investigated by using a d(GCGCGCGCGC)2 decanucleotide duplex, abbreviated herein as GC10, in which the base pair was varied on either side of the covalent binding site. A CGT fragment was favored, although its correlation with the diverse findings in the literature is questionable. A model was derived for the monocovalent binding at C10 of 2,7-diaminomitosene with GC10 and for the noncovalently bound hydroquinone intermediate. Revised models were established for three highly active mitomycin C analogues: M-83, BMY-25282, and RR-150. They involved covalent binding at the 2-amino group of a guanine residue, and they accounted for enhanced noncovalent binding afforded by specific interactions of the C7 substituents with residues in GC10.
Use of a Terrestrial LIDAR Sensor for Drift Detection in Vineyard Spraying (2013)

The use of a scanning Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) system to characterize drift during pesticide application is described. The LIDAR system is compared with an ad hoc test bench used to quantify the amount of spray liquid moving beyond the canopy. Two sprayers were used during the field test; a conventional mist blower at two air flow rates (27,507 and 34,959 m3·h(-1)) equipped with two different nozzle types (conventional and air injection) and a multi row sprayer with individually oriented air outlets. A simple model based on a linear function was used to predict spray deposit using LIDAR measurements and to compare with the deposits measured over the test bench. Results showed differences in the effectiveness of the LIDAR sensor depending on the sprayed droplet size (nozzle type) and air intensity. For conventional mist blower and low air flow rate; the sensor detects a greater number of drift drops obtaining a better correlation (r = 0.91; p < 0.01) than for the case of coarse droplets or high air flow rate. In the case of the multi row sprayer; drift deposition in the test bench was very poor. In general; the use of the LIDAR sensor presents an interesting and easy technique to establish the potential drift of a specific spray situation as an adequate alternative for the evaluation of drift potential.
Lichturtikaria: Klinik, Diagnostik, Verlauf und Therapiemanagement bei 27 Patienten (2020)

Photoprovocation with UVB, UVB311nm, UVA, UVA-1 and visible light with innovative radiation sources is uniformly possible in every major skin clinic. With the help of the therapy step scheme the patients can be adjusted well, a Rush Hardening with UVA-1 is a safe method to help the patients during the sunny season. Omalizumab as the last therapy option is effective, but currently only possible in off-label use.
Renal Blood Flow, Circulation Times and Vascular Volume in Normal Man Measured by the Intraarterial Injection —External Counting Technique (1967)

ABSTRACT In six normal young men renal blood flow and renal mean circulation times for red cells and plasma were measured by external counting after injection into the renal artery of Xe‐133, Cr‐51 labelled red cells and 1–131 labelled albumin. Simultaneously the clearances of inulin and PAH and the blood pressure in aorta were measured. Inulin clearance was in average 122 ml/min. 1.73 m', PAH clearance 663 ml/min. 1.73 m 2 , renal cortical blood flow 5.4 ml/g. min., mean renal blood flow 4.6 ml/g. min., mean circulation time for erythrocytes 4.7 sec., mean circulation time for plasma 5.5 sec. and mean blood pressure in aorta 89 mm Hg. The renal cortical vascular volume was 46 mli 100g. The data on renal blood flow obtained by the external counting technique correlated well with those obtained from the clearance measurements. The mean circulation times were shorter than those measured by other investigators using indicator dilution techniques. The cortical vascular volume, which includes the blood in the renal veins and arteries, was greater than previously found in animal kidneys.