gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation de l'expression genique de lag-3 (lymphocyte activation gene-3), un ligand des molecules du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilite de classe ii (1997)

Le gene lag-3 code pour une proteine membranaire exprimee uniquement a la surface des lymphocytes t et nk actives chez l'homme. Ce gene presente des similarites de sequence avec cd4 ainsi qu'une meme localisation genomique, suggerant l'existence d'un ancetre phylogenetique commun pour lag-3 et cd4. Par ailleurs, il a ete montre que lag-3 et cd4 partageaient egalement le meme ligand : les molecules du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilite de classe ii. Le fait que lag-3 soit un antigene d'activation dont l'expression est specifique de certaines lignees cellulaires, contrairement a cd4 exprime egalement sur des lymphocytes au repos, des macrophages, des eosinophiles, nous fait penser que l'activite de son promoteur est fortement regulee. Au cours de cette etude, nous avons etudie la regulation transcriptionnelle de lag-3. La premiere approche a consiste a etudier le locus lag-3 et de determiner l'environnement de ce gene. Nous avons pu mettre en evidence la presence de plusieurs genes, la parathymosine ou le gene cd4 a proximite de lag-3. Une etude plus systematique nous a permis de mettre en evidence les differents elements necessaires a la transcription de lag-3. Nous avons identifie plusieurs sites d'initiation de la transcription de lag-3 sur des lymphocytes t actives. L'analyse des sites d'hypersensibilites a l'adnase i a permis de localiser les principaux elements regulateurs. Nous avons identifie une region activatrice, capable de fixer des facteurs de transcription tel que nf-kappab ou nfat. Par ailleurs, nous avons localise plusieurs regions capables d'inhiber l'activite du promoteur minimal, ou celle de l'enhancer de lag-3. Ainsi, nous avons montre que la restriction de l'expression de lag-3 aux lymphocytes t actives etait, due a une regulation au niveau de la transcription du gene. Enfin, nous avons determine que l'expression de la molecule lag-3 a la surface des cellules humaines t activees etait modulee par certaines cytokines comme l'il-2, l'il-7 ou l'il-12. En conclusion, ce travail constitue une etude preliminaire de la regulation de lag-3. La comprehension des mecanismes moleculaires regulant l'expression de lag-3 au cours des phenomenes d'activation et/ou de differenciation cellulaire pourrait permettre de mieux comprendre a terme le role de cette molecule.
Aspects in controlled drug delivery for topical applications in veterinary medicine (2022)

The controlled release of drugs is an appealing area of research as it provides numerous benefits in veterinary and human medicine. In this paper we attempt to analyze certain aspects related to topical drug delivery systems, their successes and failures, and their place in veterinary medicine. Some emphasis is given to the pharmaceutical aspects of the delivery systems, where the material available made it possible. Purely topical devices, such as cattle ear tags and various collars, as well as some topically administered bioavailable delivery systems are discussed. Special attention is given to hitherto under-evaluated delivery systems, such as topical varnishes. A carefully selected bibliography aims to lead the reader easily to the facts, without providing overwhelming data of varying quality. We believe that the paper may be of interest to practicing veterinarians as well as to pharmaceutical scientists working or considering practice in the area.
ChemInform Abstract: THIOACETAL‐HEMITHIOACETAL‐ACETAL INTERCHANGE UNDER MILD CONDITIONS (1975)

Abstract Das Dithioacetal (I) liefert mit Fluorsulfonester (II) das Salz (III), das zum Acetal‐Austausch unter milden Bedingungen eingesetzt werden kann.
Design and Synthesis of 13,14-Dihydro Prostaglandin F1α Analogues as Potent and Selective Ligands for the Human FP Receptor (2000)

The in vitro evaluation of a new class of potential bone anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis is described. These compounds are potent and selective ligands for the human prostaglandin F receptor (hFP receptor). The compounds lack the olefin unsaturation required for potency in the natural ligand PGF(2)(alpha) yet retain binding affinity for the hFP receptor in the nanomolar to micromolar range. Removal of the alkenes also results in a better selectivity ratio for the hFP receptor over the other prostaglandin receptors tested. A rationale for the selectivity differences of various analogues, based on ligand docking experiments to a putative hFP receptor model, is also described.
A Novel Unified Signaling Beacon for Traditional and Mesh WiFi Network (2019)

WiFi Mesh network is made up of Mesh Access Points (MAPs). MAPs perform two roles: Mesh Station (STA) to communicate with other MAPs, and Basic Service Set (BSS) AP to interact with WiFi client devices. Hence, MAPs typically broadcast two kinds of independent beacons periodically, which will be received by other MAPs and WiFi client devices. This could lead to multiple beacon collision scenarios. And these beacon collisions occur in Mesh STA or WiFi client devices when other MAPs are hidden (two hops away). We have proposed Unified Signaling Beacon Framework (USBF) concept to reduce the probability of these beacon collision substantially. The proposed USBF performs unification and synchronization between BSS AP and Mesh STA beacons in MAPs. Our simulation result with the proposed concept shows improvement of beacon processing time (reduced around 35%), and total energy consumption (reduced around 22%).
Reduced protein kinase C delta association with a higher molecular weight complex in mitochondria of Barth Syndrome lymphoblasts (2021)

The protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) signalosome exists as a high molecular weight complex in mitochondria and controls mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked genetic disease in which mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is impaired due to a mutation in the gene TAFAZZIN which results in reduction in the phospholipid cardiolipin and an accumulation of monolysocardiolipin. Here we examined if PKCδ association with a higher molecular weight complex was altered in mitochondria of BTHS lymphoblasts. Immunoblot analysis of blue native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis mitochondrial fractions revealed that PKCδ associated with a higher molecular weight complex in control lymphoblasts but this was markedly reduced in BTHS patient B lymphoblasts in spite of an increase in PKCδ protein expression. We hypothesize that the lack of PKCδ within this higher molecular weight complex may contribute to defective mitochondrial PKCδ signaling and thus to the bioenergetic defects observed in BTHS.
Peroxisomes in Dermatology. Part II (2001)

Background: Peroxisomes are small cellular organelles that were almost ignored for years because they were believed to play only a minor role in cellular functions. However, it is now known that peroxisomes play an important role in regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation as well as in the modulation of inflammatory mediators. In addition, peroxisomes have broad effects on the metabolism of lipids, hormones, and xenobiotics. Through their effects on lipid metabolism, peroxisomes also affect cellular membranes and adipocyte formation, as well as insulin sensitivity, and peroxisomes play a role in aging and tumorigenesis through their effects on oxidative stress. Objective: To review genetically determined peroxisomal disorders, especially those that particularly affect the skin, and some recent information on the specific genetic defects that lead to some of these disorders. In addition, we present some of the emerging knowledge of peroxisomal proliferator activator receptors (PPARs) and how ligands for these receptors modulate different peroxisomal functions. We also present information on how the discovery of PPARs, and the broad and diverse group of ligands that activate these members of the superfamily of nuclear binding transcription factors, has led to development of new drugs that modulate the function of peroxisomes. Conclusion: PPAR expression and ligand modulation within the skin have shown potential uses for these ligands in a number of inflammatory cutaneous disorders, including acne vulgaris, cutaneous disorders with barrier dysfunction, cutaneous effects of aging, and poor wound healing associated with altered signal transduction, as well as for side effects induced by the metabolic dysregulation of other drugs.
The Relationship of Adrenal Gland Iodomethylnorcholesterol Uptake to Zona Glomerulosa Function in Primary Aldosteronism* (1983)

Dexamethasone suppression adrenal scintiscans were performed on 37 patients referred for evaluation of primary aldosteronism (PA). Twenty-one had aldosterone-secreting adrenal adenoma (AA) and 16 had bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH). The diagnosis of either AA or BAH was confirmed by adrenalectomy in 19 of 21 subjects with AA and by adrenal venous sampling in 15 of 16 patients with BAH. Biochemical parameters of PA were found in each patient while on both high (150 meq Na) and low salt (10 meq Na) intakes. Urinary aldosterone excretion values were 49.7 +/- 10.2 (+/- SEM) micrograms/day (range, 11.2-103.9) and 44.2 +/- 12.1 micrograms/day (range, 14.3-128.0) in AA patients on high and low salt intakes, respectively. In BAH patients, urinary aldosterone values were 29.1 +/- 2.6 micrograms/day (range, 10.0-55.0) and 47.7 +/- 9.0 micrograms/day (range, 23.0-102.0) on high and low salt intakes, respectively. A semioperator-independent computer algorithm was used to calculate adrenal gland uptake of [131I]6 beta-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NP-59) in PA patients and in 7 patients with essential hypertension. NP-59 adrenal uptake values were 0.20 +/- 0.02%/dose (range, 0.03-0.72), 0.28 +/- 0.04% (range, 0.10-0.65), and 0.14 +/- 0.02%/dose (range, 0.08-0.30) in AA, BAH, and essential hypertension, respectively. A significant correlation was found between adrenal gland uptake of NP-59 and urinary aldosterone excretion in AA (r = 0.93; P less than 0.001) and BAH (r = 0.6; P less than 0.01) patients. These data confirm that adrenal gland accumulation of NP-59 while on dexamethasone suppression can be used to characterize abnormal zona glomerulosa function in PA, in addition to localizing AA and differentiating AA from BAH.
Deficiency of p62/Sequestosome 1 Causes Hyperphagia Due to Leptin Resistance in the Brain (2013)

The cytoplasmic regulatory protein p62 (Sequestosome 1/A170) is known to modulate various receptor-mediated intracellular signaling pathways. p62 deficiency was shown to result in mature-onset obesity in mice, but the mechanisms underlying this abnormality remained unclear. Here we report that hyperphagia due to central leptin resistance is the cause of obesity in p62(-/-) mice. We found that these mice show hyperphagia. Restriction of food to the amount eaten by wild-type mice prevented excess body weight gain and fat accumulation, suggesting that overfeeding is the primary cause of obesity in p62(-/-) mice. Brain-specific p62 deficiency caused mature-onset obesity to the same extent as in p62(-/-) mice, further supporting a neuronal mechanism as the major cause of obesity in these mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that p62 is highly expressed in hypothalamic neurons, including POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Central leptin resistance was observed even in young preobese p62(-/-) mice. We found a defect in intracellular distribution of the transcription factor Stat3, which is essential for the action of leptin, in p62(-/-) mice. These results indicate that brain p62 plays an important role in bodyweight control by modulating the central leptin-signaling pathway and that lack of p62 in the brain causes leptin resistance, leading to hyperphagia. Thus, p62 could be a clinical target for treating obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Resveratrol-Schiff Base Hybrid Compounds with Selective Antibacterial Activity: Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Computational Study (2022)

Nowadays, antimicrobial resistance is a serious concern associated with the reduced efficacy of traditional antibiotics and an increased health burden worldwide. In response to this challenge, the scientific community is developing a new generation of antibacterial molecules. Contributing to this effort, and inspired by the resveratrol structure, five new resveratrol-dimers (9a−9e) and one resveratrol-monomer (10a) were synthetized using 2,5-dibromo-1,4-diaminobenzene (8) as the core compound for Schiff base bridge conformation. These compounds were evaluated in vitro against pathogenic clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp., and Listeria monocytogenes. Antibacterial activity measurements of resveratrol-Schiff base derivatives (9a−9e) and their precursors (4−8) showed high selectivity against Listeria monocytogenes, being 2.5 and 13.7 times more potent than chloramphenicol, while resveratrol showed an EC50 > 320 µg/mL on the same model. Moreover, a prospective mechanism of action for these compounds against L. monocytogenes strains was proposed using molecular docking analysis, finding a plausible inhibition of internalin C (InlC), a surface protein relevant in bacteria−host interaction. These results would allow for the future development of new molecules for listeriosis treatment based on compound 8.
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) proviral load and disease progression in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers: a nationwide prospective study in Japan (2010)

Definitive risk factors for the development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) among asymptomatic human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) carriers remain unclear. Recently, HTLV-1 proviral loads have been evaluated as important predictors of ATL, but a few small prospective studies have been conducted. We prospectively evaluated 1218 asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (426 males and 792 females) who were enrolled during 2002 to 2008. The proviral load at enrollment was significantly higher in males than females (median, 2.10 vs 1.39 copies/100 peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs]; P < .001), in those 40 to 49 and 50 to 59 years of age than that of those 40 years of age and younger (P = .02 and .007, respectively), and in those with a family history of ATL than those without the history (median, 2.32 vs 1.33 copies/100 PBMCs; P = .005). During follow-up, 14 participants progressed to overt ATL. Their baseline proviral load was high (range, 4.17-28.58 copies/100 PBMCs). None developed ATL among those with a baseline proviral load lower than approximately 4 copies. Multivariate Cox analyses indicated that not only a higher proviral load, advanced age, family history of ATL, and first opportunity for HTLV-1 testing during treatment for other diseases were independent risk factors for progression of ATL.
Airplane structure health monitoring by the optical frequency modulation Brillouin distributed measuring method (2005)

The necessity for Airplane structural health-monitoring technology has been increasing because of improvement of reliability and cost saving. Optical fiber sensor system is an attractive method for structural health monitoring, because of its lightweight, non-electromagnetic interference, and to be embeddable to composite structures. Especially the distributed optical fiber sensor fits the health monitoring for large-sized structures. However, the distributed optical fiber measurement system using the pulse light represented by BOTDR has low spatial resolution and long measurement interval. These performances have been the obstacle of application to airplane structure health monitoring system. Then, the authors have proposed the Brillouin optical frequency modulation method for improvement of the spatial resolution and shortening of measurement intervals. In this work, we conducted basic approach in order to develop Brillouin Optical Frequency Domain Analysis (BOFDA) measurement system, such as pump power property and frequency modulation property for Brillouin stimulated light. We confirmed ability to measure stimulated Brillouin Scattering light in 50mm section. Moreover, We considered the optical fiber sensor installation issue on the airplane structure. The issue is optical fiber sensor birefringence under asymmetric load and durability of installation method. We conducted two confirmatory tests for the issues. The proposed installation method has adequate performance. From these results, it was confirmed that BOFDA system has potential to be applied to an airplane structure health monitoring system.
Octreotide for medullary thyroid carcinoma associated diarrhoea. (1992)

Medullary thyroid carcinoma associated diarrhoea can be disabling. A 75-yr-old man with metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma and refractory diarrhoea is described. Subcutaneous administration of the somatostatin analogue, octreotide, 100 micrograms thrice daily, resulted in a sustained improvement in diarrhoea and disappearance of faecal incontinence without reducing calcitonin levels. Octreotide therapy should be considered as symptomatic treatment for otherwise refractory diarrhoea associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma.
Editorial Tropical Protozoan Diseases: Natural Product Drug Discovery and Development (2013)

Copyright © 2013 Liliana Muschietti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Infections caused by protozoan parasites such as Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, or malaria are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide with devastating social and economic consequences (Table 1) [1]. Under normal circumstances (efficient epidemiological surveillance programs and sanitary education) the control of these diseases can be carried out effectively. Nevertheless, the implementation of an adequate health care system to palliate the necessities of the affected populations is hindered by the lack of financial and human resources, political instability in these countries, and often questionable government prioritization [2].
Schleudertrauma und "railway spine". Teile I und II / Whiplash injury and "railway spine" (2004)

Seelische Stoerungen nach Unfallereignissen spielen innerhalb der Versicherungsmedizin eine wesentliche Rolle. Die Ausgaben hierfuer sind in den letzten Jahrzehnten kontinuierlich gestiegen. Als Schluesselbegriff ist die posttraumatische Belastungsstoerung anzusehen. Diese Bezeichnung wurde erst innerhalb der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte in die internationalen diagnostischen Manuale aufgenommen, obwohl psychische Reaktionen nach Unfallereignissen seit mehr als 100 Jahren beschrieben werden. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden die seelischen Stoerungen nach Unfaellen im jeweiligen historischen Kontext untersucht. Beruecksichtigt werden unter anderem die Folgen von Eisenbahnunfaellen im 19. Jahrhundert (railway spine), Haftpflichtunfaelle, die gesetzliche und private Unfallversicherung und die psychologischen Folgen der nationalsozialistischen Herrschaft. Besonderes Gewicht wurde auf das Schleudertrauma gelegt. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass es sich bei den verschiedenen Stoerungen nicht um eine einheitliche Krankheitsentitaet handelt. Seelische Reaktionen nach Unfaellen werden nur zu einem geringeren Teil durch das Ereignis an sich verstaendlich, wesentlicher ist der geschichtliche und soziale Hintergrund und die Tatsache, versichert zu sein. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Although post-traumatic stress disorder was only recently admitted into the international classification systems, psychological reactions to traumatic incidents have been frequently described for more than 100 years. The article deals with the mental reactions to a trauma in different historical situations. Included are the railway spine injuries of the 19th century, victims of accidents where third party liability could be claimed, accident insurance, the psychological consequences of National Socialism and whiplash injury. The analysis suggests that different reactions don't describe an identical disorder. It seems that reactions to injuries are mainly influenced by the historical and social background and the fact of beeing insured. (A)
MRI indicators of brain tissue loss: 3-year results of the Glatiramer Acetate Low-frequency Administration (GALA) open-label extension study in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (P7.255) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate early start (ES) versus delayed start (DS) of glatiramer acetate 40 mg/mL three-times weekly (GA40) on MRI measures of brain volume over 36 months in the GALA study. BACKGROUND: The 12-month, placebo-controlled GALA study showed that GA40 significantly reduced annualized relapse rate and MS lesion formation. Patients completing the placebo-controlled phase were eligible for the open-label extension. The long-term effect of GA40 on brain tissue loss is unknown. DESIGN/METHODS: ES patients (n=834) received GA40 for 36 months. DS patients (n=419) switched from placebo to GA40 at Month 12. MRI outcomes included percent brain volume change (PBVC) using the SIENA method and percent change in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes using the SX-MTP (SIENAX multi-time point) method from baseline to Month 36 and from Month 12 to 36. Analysis of covariance in ES versus DS patients was used. RESULTS: 85.9[percnt] of ES and 77.6[percnt] of DS patients completed 36 months of follow-up. ES patients showed less GM volume loss compared with DS patients (-2.01 vs -2.33, P=0.073 [baseline to Month 36]; -1.16 vs -1.53, P=0.015 [Month 12 to 36]). There was a trend toward less volume loss in ES compared with DS patients (adjusted mean PBVC -1.81 vs -1.98, P=0.116 [baseline to Month 36]; -1.13 vs -1.27, P=0.080 [Month 12 to 36]). No significant differences were observed in WM, thalamic, or deep GM volume change between groups. CONCLUSION: Over 36 Months, patients randomized to early initiation of GA40 showed less GM atrophy than those initiating GA40 after Month 12. Since deep GM structures showed no differences between groups, the benefit of early initiation of GA40 is inferred to be preservation of cortical GM volume. Study Supported by: Teva Pharmaceutical
Rheology of Fractionated Cornstover Bio-oil as a Pavement Material (2010)

Most bituminous binders that are used for pavement materials are derived from fossil fuels. Recently, different vegetable oils have been investigated to study their applicability to be used as bio-binders, which can be used in three different ways: a direct alternative binder (100% replacement), a bitumen extender (25% to 75% bitumen replacement), or a bitumen modifier (<10% bitumen replacement). In this paper, the rheological properties of bio-oils derived from cornstover (non-food source) have been investigated to determine the applicability of developing bio-binders as an alternative to asphalt derived from crude petroleum. The rheological properties included the shear and temperature susceptibilities and the aging index. The results show that the temperature is the main contributor to change the viscosity of the unmodified and modified cornstover bio-oil. As an overall conclusion, the rheological properties of cornstover bio-oils are similar and comparable to bitumen binders and represent a renewable alternative to petroleum derived asphalt binders.