gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Discourse Representations for Chinese Discourse Annotation (2019)

A key element in computational discourse analysis is the design of a formal representation for the discourse structure of a text. With machine learning being the dominant method, it is important to identify a discourse representation that can be used to perform large-scale annotation. This survey provides a systematic analysis of existing discourse representation theories to evaluate whether they are suitable for annotation of Chinese text. Specifically, the two properties, expressiveness and practicality, are introduced to compare the representations of theories based on rhetorical relations and the representations of theories based on entity relations. The comparison systematically reveals linguistic and computational characteristics of the theories. After that, we conclude that none of the existing theories are quite suitable for scalable Chinese discourse annotation because they are not both expressive and practical. Therefore, a new discourse representation needs to be proposed, which should balance the expressiveness and practicality, and cover rhetorical relations and entity relations. Inspired by the conclusions, this survey discusses some preliminary proposals on how to represent the discourse structure that are worth pursuing.
Combining learn-based and lexicon-based techniques for sentiment detection without using labeled examples (2008)

In this work, we propose a novel scheme for sentiment classification (without labeled examples) which combines the strengths of both "learn-based" and "lexicon-based" approaches as follows: we first use a lexicon-based technique to label a portion of informative examples from given task (or domain); then learn a new supervised classifier based on these labeled ones; finally apply this classifier to the task. The experimental results indicate that proposed scheme could dramatically outperform "learn-based" and "lexicon-based" techniques.
Reliability of surface-mount PPTC circuit protection devices (2002)

Accelerated life tests were used to estimate s-failure rates for PolySwitch polymer-based positive temperature coefficient (PPTC) devices with a surface-mount configuration. Electrical tests were done on a lot inspection basis on production parts, and results were pooled. Using an exponential model, the estimated failure rate from the pooled data is about 0.8 to 3.0 failures in time (FIT). Product reliability is related to the effectiveness of FMEAs and process controls. Our experience in proliferating the use of failure modes effects analysis (FMEA) and statistical process control (SPC) is discussed. This includes the benefits, challenges, and lessons learned.
Detrended Fluctuation Analysis in the prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients at risk: Model optimization and comparison with other metrics (2019)

Complexity analysis of glucose time series with Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) has been proved to be useful for the prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development. We propose a modified DFA algorithm, review some of its characteristics and compare it with other metrics derived from continuous glucose monitorization in this setting. Several issues of the DFA algorithm were evaluated: (1) Time windowing: the best predictive value was obtained including all time-windows from 15 minutes to 24 hours. (2) Influence of circadian rhythms: for 48-hour glucometries, DFA alpha scaling exponent was calculated on 24-hour sliding segments (1-hour gap, 23-hour overlap), with a median coefficient of variation of 3.2%, which suggests that analysing time series of at least 24-hour length avoids the influence of circadian rhythms. (3) Influence of pretreatment of the time series through integration: DFA without integration was more sensitive to the introduction of white noise and it showed significant predictive power to forecast the development of T2DM, while the pretreated time series did not. (4) Robustness of an interpolation algorithm for missing values: The modified DFA algorithm evaluates the percentage of missing values in a time series. Establishing a 2% error threshold, we estimated the number and length of missing segments that could be admitted to consider a time series as suitable for DFA analysis. For comparison with other metrics, a Principal Component Analysis was performed and the results neatly tease out four different components. The first vector carries information concerned with variability, the second represents mainly DFA alpha exponent, while the third and fourth vectors carry essentially information related to the two "pre-diabetic behaviours" (impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance). The scaling exponent obtained with the modified DFA algorithm proposed has significant predictive power for the development of T2DM in a high-risk population compared with other variability metrics or with the standard DFA algorithm.
The prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitor HOE 077 prevents activation of Ito cells, reducing procollagen gene expression in rat liver fibrosis induced by choline-deficient l-amino acid-defined diet (1996)

No effective therapy has yet developed for liver fibrosis by directory inhibiting the accumulation of extracellular matrix. The effect of a newly synthesized prolyl4-hydroxylase (PH) inhibitor, HOE 077 (pyridine- 2, 4-di-carboxylic-di(2-methoxyethyl)amide), was examined using the model of choline-deficient l-amino acid (CDAA) defined diet-induced liver fibrosis in 16-week-old male Wistar rats. HOE 077 at doses up to 200 ppm prevented fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by reduced hydroxyproline content in liver as well as inhibition of increased serum fibrotic markers (PIIIP, 7S, hyaluronic acid). HOE 077 at 200 ppm reduced expression of type III procollagen alpha 1 , messenger RNA (mRNA) in the liver, with a good correlation with serum PIIIP and hydroxyproline content of the liver. Histologically, HOE 077 at 200 ppm also reduced proliferation of myofibroblastlike cells (activated Ito cells). These results indicate that a PH inhibitor can prevent fibrosis by inhibiting not only the hydroxylation of proline but also the activation of Ito cells, which are considered the main collagen-producing cells, resulting in reduced expression of procollagen mRNA.
Anisotropic crystalline morphology of epitaxial thick AlN films grown on triangular‐striped AlN/sapphire template (2014)

We have investigated crystalline morphology such as wafer curvature, mosaicity, and lattice tilting of an AlN film grown on a triangular‐striped AlN/α‐Al 2 O 3 template by X‐ray rocking curve (XRC) and reciprocal space map (RSM) measurements. The result of XRC for the AlN (0002) plane showed the difference of the value in the wafer curvature between the [11–20] and [1–100] directions. This indicates the anisotropic strain relaxation preferentially along [11–20] direction due to the triangular‐striped structure and the voids in the AlN film. From the results of asymmetric RSMs for AlN 11–24 and 1–104 diffractions, the broadening of the reciprocal lattice spots in elliptical shape was observed. These results reflect anisotropic crystalline morphology in the AlN film. The elliptical diffraction spot for AlN 11–24 predominantly indicates the lattice tilting fluctuation around the [1–100] axes while that for AlN 1–104 indicates the lattice spacing fluctuation. Anisotropic crystalline morphology in the AlN film grown on the triangular‐striped template has been clarified in combination with XRC and asymmetric RSMs.
Facile synthesis of vertically aligned hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets hybridized with graphitic domains (2012)

Motivated by the recent quest for producing novel two dimensional nanomaterials, we developed a facile synthetic method for growing boron nitride–carbon (BN–C) phase-separated composite nanosheet coatings on silicon/silicon dioxide (Si/SiO2) substrates. The coatings were composed of compact partially vertically aligned nanosheets with a nanoscale roughness. The majority of the obtained BN–C nanosheets were less than 5 nm in thickness, mostly consisting of 2–15 atomic layers. Electron energy loss spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the natural sp2 hybridization of the product, and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy measurements showed strong luminescence emission in the ultraviolet region at room temperature. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy demonstrated that the composite structure of alternating BN and C domains has different optical band gap features compared to pure h-BN nanosheets and graphenes, making it a promising material for further fundamental physical studies and potential applications in optoelectronics. Moreover, due to the rough morphology and nanoscale features of the BN–C coatings, they exhibited excellent water repellency (superhydrophobicity).
1‐Phosphorus‐Functionalized 1‐(Organosulfanyl)alk‐1‐enes (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Magnetic Materials: Sr2FeMoO6 and Related Compounds (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Chapter 16: Tethyan Petroleum Systems of Saudi Arabia (2014)

Abstract The Phanerozoic succession of Saudi Arabia holds the world’s largest liquid hydrocarbon reserves, and the world’s fourth largest gas reserves. This sedimentary succession was deposited on the southwestern margin of the Tethys Ocean, where favorable conditions existed for the optimal juxtaposition of multiple source, reservoir, and seal rocks and the creation of large structural traps. Two major petroleum systems occur in eastern and central Saudi Arabia: a mixed siliciclastic/carbonate Paleozoic petroleum system associated with Proto-Tethyan and Paleo-Tethyan settings, and a carbonate-dominated Mesozoic petroleum system associated with the Neo-Tethys. The Paleozoic petroleum system hosts one carbonate and eight siliciclastic oil and gas reservoirs, and at least one source rock, the Qusaiba Formation of Early Silurian age. The Jurassic portion of the Mesozoic petroleum system hosts at least 14 carbonate reservoirs and at least three source rocks, of which intrashelf basin-derived organic-rich fine grained carbonates of the Middle Jurassic Tuwaiq Mountain and Upper Jurassic Hanifa Formation are the most significant. The Cretaceous portion of the Mesozoic petroleum system includes nine carbonate reservoirs, four clastic reservoirs, and several source intervals. Hydrocarbon traps predominately comprise large, low relief anticlines formed by contractional folding in the sedimentary cover above deep-seated basement faults. Examples include the Ghawar structure which hosts the world’s largest oil field with reservoirs ranging in age from Permian through Jurassic, and Safaniya and adjacent fields which form the world’s largest offshore oil field complex within Lower Cretaceous reservoirs. In addition, halokinesis occurs locally and is a component of the trapping mechanism for several individual fields in eastern Saudi Arabia.
Superfície ocular e hepatite C (2011)

Hepatitis C virus infection causes dry eye. Further researches are necessary to establish the physiopathology and the relationship with Sjögren syndrome.
Privacy-preserving Collaborative Filtering by Distributed Mediation (2022)

Recommender systems have become very influential in our everyday decision making, e.g., helping us choose a movie from a content platform, or offering us suitable products on e-commerce websites. While most vendors who utilize recommender systems rely exclusively on training data consisting of past transactions that took place through them, it would be beneficial to base recommendations on the rating data of more than one vendor. However, enlarging the training data by means of sharing information between different vendors may jeopardize the privacy of users. We devise here secure multi-party protocols that enable the practice of Collaborative Filtering (CF) in a manner that preserves the privacy of the vendors and users. Shmueli and Tassa [ 38 ] introduced privacy-preserving protocols of CF that involved a mediator; namely, an external entity that assists in performing the computations. They demonstrated the significant advantages of mediation in that context. We take here the mediation approach into the next level by using several independent mediators. Such distributed mediation maintains all of the advantages that were identified by Shmueli and Tassa, and offers additional ones, in comparison with the single-mediator protocols: stronger security and dramatically shorter runtimes. In addition, while all prior art assumed limited and unrealistic settings, in which each user can purchase any given item through only one vendor, we consider here a general and more realistic setting, which encompasses all previously considered settings, where users can choose between different competing vendors. We demonstrate the appealing performance of our protocols through extensive experimentation.
See through Gradients: Image Batch Recovery via GradInversion (2021)

Training deep neural networks requires gradient estimation from data batches to update parameters. Gradients per parameter are averaged over a set of data and this has been presumed to be safe for privacy-preserving training in joint, collaborative, and federated learning applications. Prior work only showed the possibility of recovering input data given gradients under very restrictive conditions - a single input point, or a network with no non-linearities, or a small 32x32 px input batch. Therefore, averaging gradients over larger batches was thought to be safe. In this work, we introduce GradInversion, using which input images from a larger batch (8 - 48 images) can also be recovered for large networks such as ResNets (50 layers), on complex datasets such as ImageNet (1000 classes, 224x224 px). We formulate an optimization task that converts random noise into natural images, matching gradients while regularizing image fidelity. We also propose an algorithm for target class label recovery given gradients. We further propose a group consistency regularization framework, where multiple agents starting from different random seeds work together to find an enhanced reconstruction of original data batch. We show that gradients encode a surprisingly large amount of information, such that all the individual images can be recovered with high fidelity via GradInversion, even for complex datasets, deep networks, and large batch sizes.
Legal Action to Stop Our Population Explosion (1963)

Most Americans are aware of the fact that overpopulation constitutes a major threat to the welfare of humanity. What is less generally known, however, is that the population explosion is not confined to the underdeveloped countries of Asia and Latin America. The purposes of this article are to demonstrate that our own nation is rapidly becoming overpopulated, and to suggest a program for combating this phenomenon.
Non-Amphetaminic Central Stimulation by Alkaloids from the Ibogane and Vobasine Series (1988)

Ibogane alkaloids were shown to have a very high arousal activity. Similarly, a stimulating CNS activity was demonstrated for vobasine alkaloids. The influence of certain substituents was evidenced: a methoxy substituent increases the activity, while it is lowered by a methoxycarbonyl substituent.
Effect of isolated ultrafiltration and isovolemic dialysis on myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function assessed with13N-NH3positron emission tomography and echocardiography (2017)

Hemodialysis is associated with a fall in myocardial perfusion and may induce regional left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. The pathophysiology of this entity is incompletely understood, and the contribution of ultrafiltration and diffusive dialysis has not been studied. We investigated the effect of isolated ultrafiltration and isovolemic dialysis on myocardial perfusion and LV function. Eight patients (7 male, aged 55 ± 18 yr) underwent 60 min of isolated ultrafiltration and 60 min of isovolemic dialysis in randomized order. Myocardial perfusion was assessed by <sup>13</sup>N-NH<sub>3</sub> positron emission tomography before and at the end of treatment. LV systolic function was assessed by echocardiography. Regional LV systolic dysfunction was defined as an increase in wall motion score in ≥2 segments. Isolated ultrafiltration (ultrafiltration rate 13.6 ± 3.9 ml·kg<sup>-1</sup>·h<sup>-1</sup>) induced hypovolemia, whereas isovolemic dialysis did not (blood volume change -6.4 ± 2.2 vs. +1.3 ± 3.6%). Courses of blood pressure, heart rate, and tympanic temperature were comparable for both treatments. Global and regional myocardial perfusion did not change significantly during either isolated ultrafiltration or isovolemic dialysis and did not differ between treatments. LV ejection fraction and the wall motion score index did not change significantly during either treatment. Regional LV systolic dysfunction developed in one patient during isolated ultrafiltration and in three patients during isovolemic dialysis. In conclusion, global and regional myocardial perfusion was not compromised by 60 min of isolated ultrafiltration or isovolemic dialysis. Regional LV systolic dysfunction developed during isolated ultrafiltration and isovolemic dialysis, suggesting that, besides hypovolemia, dialysis-associated factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of hemodialysis-induced regional LV dysfunction.
Azelastine Desensitization of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1: A Potential Mechanism Explaining its Therapeutic Effect in Nonallergic Rhinitis (2014)

Azelastine, similar to capsaicin, exhibits direct activity on TRPV1 ion channels that may represent a novel mechanistic pathway explaining its clinical efficacy in NAR.
<title>Experimental holographic movie IV: the projection-type display system using a retro-directive screen</title> (1995)

Holographic movies can be seen as a tool to estimate the picture quality of moving holographic images as a step towards holographic television. The authors have previously developed three versions of an experimental holographic movie system, and this paper is a report on an improved version 4 of the system. The new version features a newly-developed projection-type display with a retro-directive beaded-screen, and an automatic film driver unit which moves perforated 35 mm holographic film intermittently with a shutter. A twin diamond-shaped hologram format, which was developed in the earlier version 2, is adopted for the films. The films comprise a series of reconstructed moving holographic images with minimal blurring. The optical arrangement and structure of the version 4 system enable the viewers to watch the film images in an open space, which in turn relieves them of the psychological pressure they felt with the previous three versions, when they had to squint into a narrow window built into a wall on the side of the device.
Nest Making and Oxytocin Comparably Promote Wound Healing in Isolation Reared Rats (2009)

Background: Environmental enrichment (EE) fosters attachment behavior through its effect on brain oxytocin levels in the hippocampus and other brain regions, which in turn modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA). Social isolation and other stressors negatively impact physical healing through their effect on the HPA. Therefore, we reasoned that: 1) provision of a rat EE (nest building with NestletsH) would improve wound healing in rats undergoing stress due to isolation rearing and 2) that oxytocin would have a similar beneficial effect on wound healing.
Flatland: a Lightweight First-Person 2-D Environment for Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Flatlandis a simple, lightweight environment for fastprototyping and testing of reinforcement learning agents. It is oflower complexity compared to similar 3D platforms (e.g. Deep-Mind Lab or VizDoom), but emulates physical properties of thereal world, such as continuity, multi-modal partially-observablestates with first-person view and coherent physics. We proposeto use it as an intermediary benchmark for problems related toLifelong Learning.Flatlandis highly customizable and offers awide range of task difficulty to extensively evaluate the propertiesof artificial agents. We experiment with three reinforcementlearning baseline agents and show that they can rapidly solvea navigation task inFlatland. A video of an agent acting inFlatlandis available here: https://youtu.be/I5y6Y2ZypdA.
2-Microglobulin is potentially neurotoxic, but the blood brain barrier is likely to protect the brain from its toxicity (2008)

Although beta2-microglobulin is potentially neurotoxic, it is unlikely that this protein plays a role in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment observed in haemodialysis patients due to the protective effect of the blood brain barrier that maintains a low concentration of beta2-microglobulin in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Effect of baby food marketing exposure on infant and young child feeding regimes in Bangkok, Thailand (2022)

Specific types of baby food marketing were strongly linked to mothers' opinions on and use of CMF in Bangkok, Thailand. It is recommended that breastfeeding policies in health facilities and employment are fully implemented and enforced.
Pre-surgical sunitinib treatment enabling nephron-sparing surgery in a patient with renal cell carcinoma in a solitary kidney. (2019)

A 55-year-old man with a solitary kidney was diagnosed with an 8.5 cm renal cell carcinoma in the right kidney without metastasis. Twenty five months of sunitinib treatment reduced the tumor from 8.5 to 5.5 cm and enabled nephron-sparing surgery. He has no evidence of recurrence 58 months after the surgery.
Radiation resistance and molecular structure of poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (1991)

Abstract The radiation resistance of a series of aromatic polysulfones comprising alternating units of diphenyl sulfone and various aromatic diols has been investigated by measuring volatile products, soluble fractions and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra. The yields of radicals at 77 K observed by ESR and of SO 2 at 423 K have indicated that biphenol gives enhanced resistance to Y radiation, and tetramethyl bisphenol‐A decreased resistance, relative to bisphenol‐A, bisphenol‐S and hydroquinone. The protective effect of bisphenol was confirmed by lower scission and crosslinking yields determined from the soluble fractions after high doses.