gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diels–Alder Reversible Thermoset 3D Printing: Isotropic Thermoset Polymers via Fused Filament Fabrication (2017)

This study presents a new 3D printing process, the Diels–Alder reversible thermoset (DART) process, and a first generation of printable DART resins, which exhibit thermoset properties at use temperatures, ultralow melt viscosity at print temperatures, smooth part surface finish, and as‐printed isotropic mechanical properties. This study utilizes dynamic covalent chemistry based on reversible furan‐maleimide Diels–Alder linkages in the polymers, which can be decrosslinked and melt‐processed during printing between 90 and 150 °C, and recrosslinked at lower temperatures to their entropically favored state. This study compares the first generation of DART materials to commonly 3D printed high‐toughness thermoplastics. Parts printed from typical fused filament fabrication compatible materials exhibit anisotropy of more than 50% and sometimes upward of 98% in toughness when deformed along the build direction, while the first generation of DART materials exhibit less than 4% toughness reduction when deformed along the build direction. At room temperature, the toughest DART materials exhibit baseline toughness of 18.59 ± 0.91 and 18.36 ± 0.57 MJ m −3 perpendicular and parallel to the build direction, respectively. DART printing will enable chemists, polymer engineers, materials scientists, and industrial designers to translate new robust materials possessing targeted thermomechanical properties, multiaxial toughness, smooth surface finish, and low anisotropy.
Ototoxicity of cisplatin (1987)

Ototoxicity is one of the unwanted side effects of cisplatin treatment. The first sign of hearing loss usually appears 3-4 days after the drug administration and occurs primarily in the higher frequencies. One hundred and eighty-six women treated with a moderate dose of cisplatin (50 mg/m2 every 4 weeks) for gynaecological cancer were studied. No significant loss of hearing was detected in the speech frequency range. Since the cisplatin concentration in the inner ear is highest after a single high dose injection, systemic audiometric monitoring is advisable during cisplatin therapy with single high dose regimen.
Particle tracking during melting and solidification in the presence of AC magnetic field of various configurations (2015)

The AC electromagnetic field effects in molten metal are investigated to account for the mixing of particles (grain refiners, micro/nano additives, impurities, broken metal dendrite agglomerates, bubbles) during the full melting/solidification cycle. The particles travel due to the hydrodynamic drag, buoyancy, turbulent fluctuations and the electromagnetic force action via the local pressure distribution around the particle. The time average effects are investigated previously using approximation derived for a uniform electric and magnetic fields. In the presence of AC field the force distribution is non-uniform, confined to an exponential skin-layer near the outer surface of liquid. This typically results in high mixing rates and an intense turbulence in the bulk of molten metal, additionally contributing to the particle dispersion. The paper attempts to demonstrate the importance of each of the mentioned effects to the organized particle ‘swarm’ like transport and the eventual distribution. Three different examples of the mixing flows generated by AC fields are presented: a travelling field stirring during directional solidification, the semi-levitation dynamic melting and the contactless top coil ‘immersion’ mixing involving the dynamic AC field adjustment. The Lagrangian particle tracking in the presence of strong AC electromagnetic force field gives new perspectives to the understanding of the melting and casting processes.
Surfactans in analytical chemistry ; applications of organized amphiphilic media (1996)

Behaviour and properties of amphiphilic molecules and their assemblies solubilization in their micellar systems effect of surfactant aggregates on chemical kinetics and equilibria spectral analysis in organized amphiphilic media electroanalytical chemistry in organized surfactant systems micellar chromotography surfactant-bases extraction and concentration methods use of biomimetic amphiphilic systems in the separation and analysis of biomolecules.
High frequency magnetic properties of CoFe/SiO/sub 2/ multilayer film with the inverse magnetostrictive effect (1994)

The high frequency magnetic properties of CoFe/SiO/sub 2/ multilayer film, which has magnetic anisotropy induced by the inverse magnetostrictive effect, are examined with a view to applying it as a low loss soft magnetic material in the MHz-GHz range. The inverse magnetostrictive effect was used to produce a large uniaxial anisotropy field of 200-250 Oe. A CoFe magnetic layer, with a large saturation magnetization of 24.5 kG and a magnetostriction of +10/sup /spl minus/4/, was selected, and patterned in strips to produce an anisotropic film stress of /spl minus/10/sup 9/ dyn/cm/sup 2/. A relative permeability of 40 and a cut-off frequency of about 7 GHz were achieved in CoFe/SiO/sub 2/ (50/100 nm) film, and these values agree well with values obtained by calculation and from static magnetic properties.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mapping the central effects of (±)-ketamine and traxoprodil using pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging in awake rats (2018)

Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability globally. Improvements in the efficacy of antidepressant therapy are needed as a high proportion (>40%) of individuals with major depressive disorder fail to respond adequately to current treatments. The non-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel blocker, (±)-ketamine, has been reported to produce a rapid and long-lasting antidepressant response in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder patients, which provides a unique opportunity for investigation of mechanisms that mediate its therapeutic effect. Efforts have also focused on the development of selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B antagonists which may retain antidepressant activity but have lower potential for dissociative/psychotomimetic effects. In the present study, we examined the central nervous system effects of acute, intravenous administration of (±)-ketamine or the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B antagonist, traxoprodil, in awake rats using pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging. The study contained five treatment groups: vehicle, 3 mg/kg (±)-ketamine, and three doses of traxoprodil (0.3 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 15 mg/kg). Non-linear model fitting was performed on the temporal hemodynamic pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging data to generate brain activation maps as well as regional responses based on blood oxygen level dependent signal changes for group analysis. Traxoprodil at 5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg produced a dose-dependent pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging signal in rat forebrain regions with both doses achieving >80% N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B occupancy determined by ex vivo [<sup>3</sup>H]Ro 25-6981 binding. The middle dose of traxoprodil (5 mg/kg) generated region-specific activations in medial prefrontal cortex, ventral orbital cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex whereas the high dose (15 mg/kg) produced a widespread pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging response in both cortical and subcortical brain regions which was similar to that produced by (±)-ketamine (3 mg/kg, intravenous).
Experimental Design in Global Compartmental Analysis of Reversible Intramolecular Two-State Excited-State Processes with Added Quencher (1997)

Although reversible intramolecular two-state excited-state processes without a priori information are unidentifiable, bounds on the excited-state rate constants kij can be specified when a quencher is used [Van Dommelen et al. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 11738]. These limits can be obtained by a scanning procedure consisting of a series of global compartmental analyses of a fluorescence decay surface in which one of the rate constants kij is held fixed at different preset values. The theory requires that the rate constants of quenching (kQ1, kQ2) for the two excited species have different values. In the present paper, computer-generated fluorescence decay surfaces are used to investigate the criteria under which reliable estimates of the bounds on the rate constants kij can be obtained. If the values of kQ1 and kQ2 are substantially different, reliable estimates are obtained. If kQ1 and kQ2 are nearly equal in value, the quality of the estimates of the bounds depends on the combinations of the values of the rate constants kij. It may happen that no reliable limits for the rate constants can be obtained so that another quencher is required. A test procedure based on a limited number of decay traces is described which allows one to assess the appropriateness of the quencher for the given excited-state process.
Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images With Distributed Source Encoding (2015)

This paper proposes a novel scheme of reversible data hiding in encrypted images using distributed source coding. After the original image is encrypted by the content owner using a stream cipher, the data-hider compresses a series of selected bits taken from the encrypted image to make room for the secret data. The selected bit series is Slepian-Wolf encoded using low-density parity check codes. On the receiver side, the secret bits can be extracted if the image receiver has the embedding key only. In case the receiver has the encryption key only, he/she can recover the original image approximately with high quality using an image estimation algorithm. If the receiver has both the embedding and encryption keys, he/she can extract the secret data and perfectly recover the original image using the distributed source decoding. The proposed method outperforms the previously published ones.
The DNA Binding Activity of Metal Response Element-binding Transcription Factor-1 Is Activated in vivo and in Vitro by Zinc, but Not by Other Transition Metals (1998)

We examined the DNA binding activity of mouse and human MTF-1 in whole cell extracts from cells cultured in medium containing zinc or cadmium and from untreated cells after the in vitro addition of zinc or cadmium, as well as using recombinant MTF-1 transcribed and translated in vitro and treated with various transition metals. Incubation of human (HeLa) or mouse (Hepa) cells in medium containing cadmium (5-15 microM) did not lead to a significant increase (<2-fold) in the amount of MTF-1 DNA binding activity, whereas zinc (100 microM) led to a 6-15-fold increase within 1 h. MTF-1 binding activity was low, but detectable, in control whole cell extracts and was increased (>10-fold) after the in vitro addition of zinc (30 microM) and incubation at 37 degrees C for 15 min. In contrast, addition of cadmium (6 or 60 microM) did not activate MTF-1 binding activity. Recombinant mouse and human MTF-1 were also dependent on exogenous zinc for DNA binding activity. Cadmium did not facilitate activation of recombinant MTF-1, but instead inhibited the activation of the recombinant protein by zinc. Interestingly, glutathione (1 mM) protected recombinant MTF-1 from inactivation by cadmium, and allowed for activation by zinc. It was also noted that zinc-activated recombinant MTF-1 was protected from cadmium only when bound to DNA. These results suggest that cadmium interacts with the zinc fingers of MTF-1 and forms an inactive complex. Of the several transition metals (zinc, cadmium, nickel, silver, copper, and cobalt) examined, only zinc facilitated activation of the DNA binding activity of recombinant MTF-1. These data suggest that transition metals, other than zinc, that activate MT gene expression may do so by mechanisms independent of an increase in the DNA binding activity of MTF-1.
Activator protein 1 (Fos/Jun) functions in inflammatory bone and skin disease (2007)

Activator protein 1 (AP-1) (Fos/Jun) is a transcriptional regulator composed of members of the Fos and Jun families of DNA binding proteins. The functions of AP-1 were initially studied in mouse development as well as in the whole organism through conventional transgenic approaches, but also by gene targeting using knockout strategies. The importance of AP-1 proteins in disease pathways including the inflammatory response became fully apparent through conditional mutagenesis in mice, in particular when employing gene inactivation in a tissue-specific and inducible fashion. Besides the well-documented roles of Fos and Jun proteins in oncogenesis, where these genes can function both as tumor promoters or tumor suppressors, AP-1 proteins are being recognized as regulators of bone and immune cells, a research area termed osteoimmunology. In the present article, we review recent data regarding the functions of AP-1 as a regulator of cytokine expression and an important modulator in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. These new data provide a better molecular understanding of disease pathways and should pave the road for the discovery of new targets for therapeutic applications.
Hedgehog Signaling Blockade Delays Hepatocarcinogenesis Induced by Hepatitis B Virus X Protein (2012)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) encoded X protein (HBx) contributes centrally to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has been linked to many tumor types including HCC. Thus, experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that HBx promotes HCC via activation of Hh signaling. HBx expression correlated with an upregulation of Hh markers in human liver cancer cell lines, in liver samples from HBV infected patients with HCC, and in the livers of HBx transgenic mice (HBxTg) that develop hepatitis, steatosis, and dysplasia, culminating in the appearance of HCC. The findings in human samples provide clinical validation for the in vitro results and those in the HBxTg. Blockade of Hh signaling inhibited HBx stimulation of cell migration, anchorage-independent growth, tumor development in HBxTg, and xenograft growth in nude mice. Results suggest that the ability of HBx to promote cancer is at least partially dependent upon the activation of the Hh pathway. This study provides biologic evidence for the role of Hh signaling in the pathogenesis of HBV-mediated HCC and suggests cause and effect for the first time. The observation that inhibition of Hh signaling partially blocked the ability of HBx to promote growth and migration in vitro and tumorigenesis in two animal models implies that Hh signaling may represent an "oncogene addiction" pathway for HBV-associated HCC. This work could be central to designing specific treatments that target early development and progression of HBx-mediated HCC.
Clinical and genetic spectrum of GSD type 6 in Korea (2023)

The GSD gene panel is a useful diagnostic tool for confirming the presence of GSD VI. Genetic heterogeneity was observed in all patients with GSD VI. Increased liver enzyme levels, hypertriglyceridaemia, and height z score in patients with GSD VI improved during long-term follow-up.
Functional expression of Fas antigen (CD95) on hematopoietic progenitor cells (1995)

We investigated the expression of an apoptosis-associated antigen (Fas) (CD95) on hematopoietic progenitor cells in the presence or absence of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and/or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). CD34+ cells freshly isolated from bone marrow did not express Fas. However, IFN-gamma and/or TNF-alpha induced the expression of both the mRNA of Fas and Fas itself in a dose-dependent fashion on the surface of CD34+ cells after 48 hours of serum-free culture. IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha had a synergistic effect on the induction of Fas, when both cytokines were added to the culture. The TNF-alpha-induced Fas expression is mediated by p55 TNF-alpha receptor. CD34+ cells cultured in medium alone or with stem cell factor (SCF) showed some slight expression of Fas. When anti-Fas antibody (IgM) was added to CD34+ cells after the induction of Fas expression, CD34+ cells underwent apoptosis, as shown by a decrease in the number of viable cells, morphologic changes, the induction of DNA fragmentation, and a decrease in the number of colony-forming cells (CFC) including colony-forming unit granulocytes/macrophages (CFU-GM) and burst-forming unit erythroids (BFU-E). These observations indicate that IFN-gamma and/or TNF-alpha, well known as negative hematopoietic regulators, induce functional Fas on hematopoietic progenitor cells. The suppression of hematopoiesis by negative hematopoietic regulators may be mediated in part by Fas induction.
Wax Analysis of Stem and Rosette Leaves in Arabidopsis thaliana (2013)

The primary aerial surfaces of all land plants are coated by a lipidic cuticle, which restricts non-stomatal water loss and protects the plant from pathogens, herbivores, and ultraviolet radiation. The cuticle is made up of two components: cutin, a polymer of hydroxy- and epoxy- long-chain fatty acid derivatives and glycerol, and cuticular waxes, which are derivatives of very-long-chain fatty acids. While chemical analysis of cutin can be a lengthy and technically challenging task, analysis of cuticular waxes is relatively simple, and can be routinely used to characterize different plant species, adaptations of a given species to environmental conditions, or mutant phenotypes. Here, we present a protocol tailored for the analysis of cuticular waxes on the surface of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. Because cuticular waxes are found on the outermost surface of the plant, the wax extraction process is very simple, and sample processing can be completed in less than one day. Chemical analysis involves quantitation of wax monomers by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC/FID), and identification of wax monomers by either mass spectrometry or comparison of retention times of individual wax components to those of known standards.
An integrated polygenic and clinical risk tool enhances coronary artery disease prediction (2020)

Abstract Background There is considerable interest in whether genetic data can be used to improve standard cardiovascular disease risk calculators, as the latter are routinely used in clinical practice to manage preventative treatment. Methods This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank (UKB) resource. We developed our own polygenic risk score (PRS) for coronary artery disease (CAD), using novel and established methods to combine published genomewide association study (GWAS) data with data from 114,196 UK Biobank individuals, also leveraging a large resource of other GWAS datasets along with functional information, to aid in the identification of causal variants, and thence define weights for &gt; 8M genetic variants. We utilised a further 60,000 UKB individuals to develop an integrated risk tool (IRT) that combined our PRS with established risk tools (either the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology’s pooled cohort equations (PCE) or the UK’s QRISK3) which was then tested in an additional, independent, set of 212,563 UKB individuals. We evaluated prediction performance in individuals of European ancestry, both as a whole and stratified by age and sex. Findings The novel CAD PRS showed superior predictive power for CAD events, compared to other published PRSs. As an individual risk factor, it has similar predictive power to each of systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol, but is more predictive than total cholesterol and smoking history. Our novel CAD PRS is largely uncorrelated with PCE, QRISK3, and family history, and, when combined with PCE into an integrated risk tool, had superior predictive accuracy. In individuals reclassified as high risk, CAD event rates were markedly and significantly higher compared to those reclassified as low risk. Overall, 9.7% of incident CAD cases were misclassified as low risk by PCE and correctly classified as high risk by the IRT, in contrast to 3.7% misclassified by the IRT and correctly classified by PCE. The overall net reclassification improvement for the IRT was 5.7% (95% CI 4.4−7.0), but when individuals were stratified into four age-by-sex subgroups the improvement was larger for all subgroups (range 7.7%−17.3%), with best performance in younger middle-aged men aged 40–54yo (17.3%, 95% CI 13.0–21.5). Broadly similar results were found using a different risk tool (QRISK3), and also for cardiovascular disease events defined more broadly. Interpretation An integrated risk tool that includes polygenic risk outperforms current, clinical risk stratification tools, and offers greater opportunity for early interventions. Given the plummeting costs of genetic tests, future iterations of CAD risk tools would be enhanced with the addition of a person’s polygenic risk. Funding Genomics plc
Circadian Regulation of Macronutrient Absorption (2015)

Various intestinal functions exhibit circadian rhythmicity. Disruptions in these rhythms as in shift workers and transcontinental travelers are associated with intestinal discomfort. Circadian rhythms are controlled at the molecular level by core clock and clock-controlled genes. These clock genes are expressed in intestinal cells, suggesting that they might participate in the circadian regulation of intestinal functions. A major function of the intestine is nutrient absorption. Here, we will review absorption of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids and circadian regulation of various transporters involved in their absorption. A better understanding of circadian regulation of intestinal absorption might help control several metabolic disorders and attenuate intestinal discomfort associated with disruptions in sleep-wake cycles.
Direct CO2 Capture by Alkali‐Dissolved Cellulose and Sequestration in Building Materials and Artificial Reef Structures (2022)

Current carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies require high energy input and costly catalysts. Here, an effective pathway is offered that addresses climate action by atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration. Industrially relevant highly reactive alkali cellulose solutions are used as CO<sub>2</sub> absorption media. The latter lead to mineralized cellulose materials (MCM) at a tailorable cellulose-to-mineral ratio, forming organic-inorganic viscous systems (viscosity from 10<sup>2</sup> to 10<sup>7</sup> mPa s and storage modulus from 10 to 10<sup>5</sup> Pa). CO<sub>2</sub> absorption and conversion into calcium carbonate and associated minerals translate to maximum absorption of 6.5 gCO<sub>2</sub> g<sub>cellulose</sub> <sup>-1</sup> , tracking inversely with cellulose loading. Cellulose lean gels are easily converted into dry powders, shown as a functional component of ceramic glazes and cementitious composites. Meanwhile, cellulose-rich gels are moldable and extrudable, yielding stone-like structures tested as artificial substrates for coral reef restoration. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) suggests new CCU opportunities for building materials, as demonstrated in underwater deployment for coral reef ecosystem restoration.
Characterization of photodynamic actions of rose bengal on cultured cells. (1994)

These results indicate that the specific photobiologic effect of monolayer contraction, which simulates the vasoconstriction seen during photothrombosis under argon green irradiation, appears to be caused by the photochemical interaction of rose bengal bound with intracellular components.