gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hadoop Characterization (2015)

In the last decade, Warehouse Scale Computers (WSC) have grown in number and capacity while Hadoop became the de facto standard framework for Big data processing. Despite the existence of several benchmark suites, sizing guides, and characterization studies, there are few concrete guidelines for WSC designers and engineers who need to know how real Hadoop workloads are going to stress the different hardware subsystems of their servers. Available studies have shown execution statistics of Hadoop benchmarks but have not being able to extract meaningful and reusable results. Secondly, existing sizing guides provide hardware acquisition lists without considering the workloads. In this study, we propose a simple Big data workload differentiation, deliver general and specific conclusions about how demanding the different types of Hadoop workloads are for several hardware subsystems, and show how power consumption is influenced in each case. HiBench and Big-Bench suites were used to capture real time memory traces, and CPU, disk, and power consumption statistics of Hadoop. Our results show that CPU intensive and disk intensive workloads have a different behavior. CPU intensive workloads consume more power and memory bandwidth while disk intensive workloads usually require more memory. These and other conclusions presented in the paper are expected to help WSC designers to decide the hardware characteristics of their Hadoop systems, and better understand the behavior of big data workloads in Hadoop.
The Effects of Activation Annealing on the Reliability of Indium-gallium-zinc Oxide Thin-film Transistors With Thermally Induced Source/drain Regions (2016)

With gas-permeable and -impermeable covers placed respectively above the channel and source/drain regions, indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin-flm transistors with thermally induced homojunctions have been reatzed and shown to exhibit superior characteristics and small device footprint. Presently reported is the dependence of the reliability of such transistors on the heat-treatnent process used for activating the homojunctions. © 2016 The Society for Information Display.
Photochemistry of the o-nitrobenzyl system in solution: evidence for singlet-state intramolecular hydrogen abstraction (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of the o-nitrobenzyl system in solution: evidence for singlet-state intramolecular hydrogen abstractionR. W. Yip, D. K. Sharma, R. Giasson, and D. GravelCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 25, 5328–5330Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100271a002https://doi.org/10.1021/j100271a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views502Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Metal-Free Aqueous Flow Battery with Novel Ultrafiltered Lignin as Electrolyte (2018)

As the number of generation sources from intermittent renewable technologies on the electric grid increases, the need for large-scale energy storage devices is becoming essential to ensure grid stability. Flow batteries offer numerous advantages over conventional sealed batteries for grid storage. In this work, for the first time, we investigated lignin, the second most abundant wood derived biopolymer, as an anolyte for the aqueous flow battery. Lignosulfonate, a water-soluble derivative of lignin, is environmentally benign, low cost and abundant as it is obtained from the byproduct of paper and biofuel manufacturing. The lignosulfonate utilizes the redox chemistry of quinone to store energy and undergoes a reversible redox reaction. Here, we paired lignosulfonate with Br2/Br–, and the full cell runs efficiently with high power density. Also, the large and complex molecular structure of lignin considerably reduces the electrolytic crossover, which ensures very high capacity retention. The flowcell was able to achieve current densities of up to 20 mA/cm2 and charge polarization resistance of 15 ohm cm2. This technology presents a unique opportunity for a low-cost, metal-free flow battery capable of large-scale sustainable energy storage.
The Development of a Common Factors Based Virtual Reality Therapy System for Remote Psychotherapy Applications (2022)

In person psychotherapy can be inaccessible to many, particularly isolated populations. Remote psychotherapy has been proposed as a more accessible alternative. However, certain limitations in the current solutions including providing a restorative therapeutic environment and therapeutic alliance have meant that many other people are left behind and do not receive adequate treatment. A common factors based VR and EEG remote psychotherapy system can make remote psychotherapy more accessible and effective for people in which current options are not sufficient.
True process variation aware optical proximity correction with variational lithography modeling and model calibration (2007)

Optical proximity correction (OPC) is one of the most widely used resolution enhancement techniques (RET) in nanometer designs to improve subwavelength printability. Conventional model-based OPC assumes nominal process conditions without considering process variations because of the lack of variational lithography models. A simple method to improve OPC results under process variations is to sample multiple process conditions across the process window, which requires long run times. We derive a variational lithography model (VLIM) that can simulate across the process window without much run-time overhead compared to the conventional lithography models. To match the model to experimental data, we demonstrate a VLIM calibration method. The calibrated model has accuracy comparable to nonvariational models, but has the advantage of taking process variations into consideration. We introduce the variational edge placement error (VEPE) metrics based on the model, a natural extension to the edge placement error (EPE) used in conventional OPC algorithms. A true process-variation aware OPC (PVOPC) framework is proposed used the VEPE metric. Due to the analytical nature of VLIM, our PVOPC is only about 2 to 3× slower than the conventional OPC, but it explicitly considers the two main sources of process variations (exposure dose and focus variations) during OPC. Thus our post-PVOPC results are much more robust than the conventional OPC ones, in terms of both geometric printability and electrical characterization under process variations.
Foreword: Building on 70 Years of Innovation in Solid-State Circuit Design (2023)

A warm welcome to ISSCC 2023! We are happy that in many parts of the world the Covid restrictions are no longer preventing us from having a mainly in-person conference. For those who are still unable to travel due to Covid, we are with you, and we hope that you can still enjoy the Conference with our online offering.
An architecture of optimised SIFT feature detection for an FPGA implementation of an image matcher (2009)

This paper has proposed an architecture of optimised SIFT (scale invariant feature transform) feature detection for an FPGA implementation of an image matcher. In order for SIFT based image matcher to be implemented on an FPGA efficiently, in terms of speed and hardware resource usage, the original SIFT algorithm has been significantly optimised in the following aspects: 1) upsampling has been replaced with downsampling to save the interpolation operation. 2) Only four scales with two octaves are needed for our image matcher with moderate degradation of matching performance. 3) The total dimension of the feature descriptor has been reduced to 72 from 128 of the original SIFT, which leads to significantly simplify the image matching operation. With the optimisation above, the proposed FPGA implementation is able to detect the features of a typical image of 640 × 480 pixels within 31 milliseconds. Therefore, compared with the existing SIFT FPGA implementation, which requires 33 milliseconds for an image of 320 × 240 pixels, a significant improvement has been achieved for our proposed architecture.
Dissociation of inductive from differentiative signals transmitted by C8-substituted guanine ribonucleosides to B cells from SJL mice. (1985)

A hitherto unknown defect in the immune responsiveness of B lymphocytes from SJL mice has enabled us to distinguish two qualitatively distinct classes of signal delivered to B cells by C8-substituted guanine ribonucleosides. This defect renders B cells from SJL mice unresponsive to the inductive (early acting) signal of 8-mercaptoguanosine (8MGuo) that culminates in mitogenesis and nonspecific secretion of immunoglobulin. Unresponsiveness is not attributable to a shift in either the dose-response or kinetic profiles, nor can the presence of suppressor cells be demonstrated. In striking contrast, however, SJL B cells exhibit normal responsiveness to the differentiative (T cell-like, or late acting) signal provided by the substituted nucleoside. This signal enables SJL B cells, depleted of T cells, to respond to T cell-dependent antigens, and synergizes with T cell-derived lymphokines. These data suggest 1) that nonspecific secretion of immunoglobulin is dependent on both inductive and differentiative signals, 2) that antigen alone can supply an effective inductive signal for antigen-specific responses, and 3) that the SJL mouse will provide a useful model for selective study of inductive vs differentiative events.
Neurophysiologen im Nationalsozialismus – Hans Berger, PaulHoffmann, Richard Jung und Alois E. Kornmüller (2020)

Zusammenfassung Dies ist der zweite Teil der Studie „Beziehungen ausgewählter Neurophysiologen zum Nationalsozialismus“. Hier werden die vier wichtigen Neurophysiologen Hans Berger, Paul Hoffmann, Richard Jung und Alois E. Kornmüller sowie ihr Wirken in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus näher vorgestellt.
Subthreshold bandgap voltage reference aiming for energy harvesting: 100na, 5 ppm/c, 40 ppm/v, psrr -88db (2015)

The proposed analog design belongs to a class of CMOS resistor free bandgap voltage (VBG) references whose proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) voltage (VPTAT) is generated by summing K number of thermal voltages (VT) via a string of K number of self-cascodes (SC). The VBG is produced by adding this VPTAT to a complementary to absolute temperature (CTAT) voltage (VCTAT), which is generated by base-emitter voltage (VBE) of a parasitic vertical bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in 0.18u digital CMOS. Compared to prior art, this circuit's contributions are: (1) The design employs similarly configured SCs in both the PTAT SC string as well as in the bandgap's bias current (IBIAS) circuitry, where IBIAS feeds the SCs in the PTAT string, thereby generating a stable VPTAT over power supply and process variations; (2) AC, and transient performances are benefited because the VPTAT and VCTAT signal paths are made independent and in series with one another. Thus, the concurrent positive and negative VPTAT loops inherent in conventional bandgaps, which are more prone to oscillation, are avoided; (3) Comparatively speaking, noise performance and die yield are fundamentally improved since VPTAT is generated via summation here, instead of multiplication that is operant in conventional bandgaps. Moreover, IDD and IBIAS are primarily a function of MOSFET's mobility (u) and VT, and independent of MOSFET's threshold voltage (VTH), which improves yield to specifications over fabrication process variations. Simulations, including montecarlo (MC) and worst-case (WC), show the following specifications are achievable: VBG ~ 1.238 V at VDD ~ 1.3 V; IDD ~ 100 nA; Voltage Coefficient (VC) ~ ±20 ppm/V; Temperature Coefficient (TC) ~ ±2.5 ppm/C with 0C < T < 70C; Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) ~ -88dB; Start-up time (tsu) ~ 38 millisecond; and IDD variations ~ ±7% over process corners; die size ~ 85um/side.
Electronic Timing of Automatic Glass-Blowing Machines (1976)

Ball Corporation is now field-testing an electronic programmer for IS bottle-making machines. Using a COS/MOS memory programmed on a decimal keyboard and clocked by machine-driven shaft encoders, the programmer operates electropneumatic actuators that trip the machine control valves. An operator's control station near the machine can refine the program while running, and the program can be stored on magnetic tape. An earlier version, programmed with thumbwheel switches, has been operating a machine section for several months. Both have programmed start-stop sequences. The earlier version has provided safer operation and greater accuracy. The second can also reduce programming time for repeat jobs to about 5 min per section.
Phase Transitions and Chain Dynamics of Surfactants Intercalated into the Galleries of Naturally Occurring Clay Mineral Magadiite (2014)

We investigate conformational dynamics and phase transitions of surfactant molecules confined in the layered galleries of the organo-modified, natural polysilicate clay, magadiite. We have shown that our approach to studying this class of materials is capable of delivering detailed information on the molecular mobility of the confined molecules. From the analysis of the measured heteronuclear dipolar couplings, the orientational order parameters of the C-H bonds along the hydrocarbon chain have been determined. Three phases have been observed in the nanocomposite, characterized by distinct dynamical states of the surfactant. At room temperature, restricted mobility of the molecules led to the adoption of an essentially all-trans conformation by the chains. This behavior can be described by a model incorporating small-angle wobbling around the long molecular axes of the chains. Upon heating, dynamic transformation takes place, resulting in a rotator type solid phase where molecules in extended all-trans conformations undergo fast and unrestricted rotation about their respective symmetry axes. The second phase transition is associated with chain melting and the onset of translational dynamics and results in an essentially liquid-crystalline-like state of the organic component. The mobility of the surfactant is one of the key factors facilitating the efficient penetration of macromolecules in the process of preparing of polymer/organoclay nanocomposites. The exploration of dynamic properties of the functionalizing organic layer should provide important input into the improved design of new organic-inorganic hybrid materials.
Insulin: Discovery and Controversy (2002)

During the first two decades of the 20th century, several investigators prepared extracts of pancreas that were often successful in lowering blood sugar and reducing glycosuria in test animals. However, they were unable to remove impurities, and toxic reactions prevented its use in humans with diabetes. In the spring of 1921, Frederick G. Banting, a young Ontario orthopedic surgeon, was given laboratory space by J.J.R. Macleod, the head of physiology at the University of Toronto, to investigate the function of the pancreatic islets. A student assistant, Charles Best, and an allotment of dogs were provided to test Banting's hypothesis that ligation of the pancreatic ducts before extraction of the pancreas, destroys the enzyme-secreting parts, whereas the islets of Langerhans, which were believed to produce an internal secretion regulating sugar metabolism, remained intact. He believed that earlier failures were attributable to the destructive action of trypsin. The name "insuline" had been introduced in 1909 for this hypothetic substance. Their experiments produced an extract of pancreas that reduced the hyperglycemia and glycosuria in dogs made diabetic by the removal of their pancreases. They next developed a procedure for extraction from the entire pancreas without the need for duct ligation. This extract, now made from whole beef pancreas, was successful for treating humans with diabetes. Facilitating their success was a development in clinical chemistry that allowed blood sugar to be frequently and accurately determined in small volumes of blood. Success with purification was largely the work of J.B. Collip. Yield and standardization were improved by cooperation with Eli Lilly and Company. When the Nobel Prize was awarded to Banting and Macleod for the discovery of insulin, it aggravated the contentious relationship that had developed between them during the course of the investigation. Banting was outraged that Macleod and not Best had been selected, and he briefly threatened to refuse the award. He immediately announced that he was giving one-half of his share of the prize money to Best and publicly acknowledged Best's contribution to the discovery of insulin. Macleod followed suit and gave one-half of his money award to Collip. Years later, the official history of the Nobel Committee admitted that Best should have been awarded a share of the prize.
A System Level Study of the Longitudinal Control of a Platoon of Vehicles (1992)

This paper presents a preliminary system study of a longitudinal control law for a platoon of nonidentical vehicles using a simplified nonlinear model for the vehicle dynamics. This study advances the art of automatic longitudinal control for a platoon of vehicles in the sense that it considers longer platoons composed of nonidentical vehicles; furthermore, the longitudinal control laws presented in this study take advantage of communication possibilities not available in the recent past. We assume that for i = 1, 2, . . . vehicle i knows at all times vl and al (the velocity and acceleration of the lead vehicle) in addition to the distance between vehicle i and the preceding vehicle, i − 1. A control law is developed and is tested on a simulation of a platoon of 16 vehicles where the lead vehicle increases its velocity at a rate of 3 m.s−2; it is shown that the distance between successive vehicles does not change by more than 0.12 m in spite of variations in the masses of the vehicles (from the nominal), of communication delay and of noise in measurements.
Multicenter Prospective Study of Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis in Children and Adolescents (2022)

NCT02220790.
Stable Odor Recognition by a neuro-adaptive Electronic Nose (2015)

Sensitivity, selectivity and stability are decisive properties of sensors. In chemical gas sensors odor recognition can be severely compromised by poor signal stability, particularly in real life applications where the sensors are exposed to unpredictable sequences of odors under changing external conditions. Although olfactory receptor neurons in the nose face similar stimulus sequences under likewise changing conditions, odor recognition is very stable and odorants can be reliably identified independently from past odor perception. We postulate that appropriate pre-processing of the output signals of chemical sensors substantially contributes to the stability of odor recognition, in spite of marked sensor instabilities. To investigate this hypothesis, we use an adaptive, unsupervised neural network inspired by the glomerular input circuitry of the olfactory bulb. Essentially the model reduces the effect of the sensors' instabilities by utilizing them via an adaptive multicompartment feed-forward inhibition. We collected and analyzed responses of a 4 × 4 gas sensor array to a number of volatile compounds applied over a period of 18 months, whereby every sensor was sampled episodically. The network conferred excellent stability to the compounds' identification and was clearly superior over standard classifiers, even when one of the sensors exhibited random fluctuations or stopped working at all.
Systematic Mapping and Functional Analysis of a Family of Human Epididymal Secretory Sperm-Located Proteins (2010)

The mammalian spermatozoon has many cellular compartments, such as head and tail, permitting it to interact with the female reproductive tract and fertilize the egg. It acquires this fertilizing potential during transit through the epididymis, which secretes proteins that coat different sperm domains. Optimal levels of these proteins provide the spermatozoon with its ability to move to, bind to, fuse with, and penetrate the egg; otherwise male infertility results. As few human epididymal proteins have been characterized, this work was performed to generate a database of human epididymal sperm-located proteins involved in maturation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of epididymal tissue and luminal fluid proteins, followed by identification using MALDI-TOF/MS or MALDI-TOF/TOF, revealed over a thousand spots in gels comprising 745 abundant nonstructural proteins, 408 in luminal fluids, of which 207 were present on spermatozoa. Antibodies raised to 619 recombinant or synthetic peptides, used in Western blots, histological sections, and washed sperm preparations to confirm antibody quality and protein expression, indicated their regional location in the epididymal epithelium and highly specific locations on washed functional spermatozoa. Sperm function tests suggested the role of some proteins in motility and protection against oxidative attack. A large database of these proteins, characterized by size, pI, chromosomal location, and function, was given a unified terminology reflecting their sperm domain location. These novel, secreted human epididymal proteins are potential targets for a posttesticular contraceptive acting to provide rapid, reversible, functional sterility in men and they are also biomarkers that could be used in noninvasive assessments of male fertility.