gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LC-HRMS Biomarker Suspect Screening in Low Dose Studies (2018)

Exposure biomarker development is a time consuming procedure, starting with identification of presumably appropriate metabolites of the xenobiotic in question. Investing into unsuitable biomarker candidates (i.e. metabolites which are formed in low proportion or are not formed at all) can be costly. Accordingly, efficient strategies for the identification of promising biomarker candidates are needed. For this purpose, liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is often applied for metabolite screening in in vitro and animal in vivo screening approaches, typically involving high doses/concentrations of the xenobiotic.Given the limitations of in vitro models and interspecies differences in metabolism, we sought to improve the certainty of metabolite screening by analyzing urine samples from human studies with low oral dosing (i.e. toxicologically uncritical). Metabolite screening was performed by LC-Q-Orbitrap-MS combined with a commercial data mining software. Identification criteria were plausible excretion kinetics, product ion spectra, 13C isotopomer ratios, and retention times.We present results of a pilot study, which identified nine metabolites of the plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP). Three of them (5OH-MEHTP, 5Oxo-MEHTP, and 5cx-MEPTP) are already established biomarkers of DEHTP exposure. Five additional, specific metabolites have not been described previously. In another example we successfully identified several tentative metabolites of the UV filter avobenzone. However, we also report examples, in which metabolite identification did not succeed by this approach (e.g. the plasticizer DEHA) and we highlight influencing factors (such as mobile phase pH, in source adduct formation and fragmentation) possibly leading to wrong conclusions.The presented approach is a valuable but not universal tool for biomarker development. In some cases, a more sensitive triple quadrupole screening can be superior.
Selective oxidation of alcohols by using CoFe2O4/Ag2MoO4as a visible-light-driven heterogeneous photocatalyst (2020)

Using a CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub>heterostructure as a novel, stable, inexpensive, and reusable photocatalyst with high-performance for the oxidation of alcohols.
Speech Recognition for Machine Translation in Quaero (2011)

This paper describes the speech-to-text systems used to provide automatic transcriptions used in the Quaero 2010 evaluation of Machine Translation from speech. Quaero (www.quaero.org) is a large research and industrial innovation program focusing on technologies for automatic analysis and classification of multimedia and multilingual documents. The ASR transcript is the result of a Rover combination of systems from three teams ( KIT, RWTH, LIMSI+VR) for the French and German languages. The casesensitive word error rates (WER) of the combined systems were respectively 20.8 % and 18.1 % on the 2010 evaluation data, relative WER reductions of 14.6 % and 17.4 % respectively over the best component system. 1.
Protoplast Swelling and Hypocotyl Growth Depend on Different Auxin Signaling Pathways (2017)

Members of the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX PROTEIN (TIR1/AFB) family are known auxin receptors. To analyze the possible receptor function of AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN1 (ABP1), an auxin receptor currently under debate, we performed different approaches. We performed a pharmacological approach using α-(2,4-dimethylphenylethyl-2-oxo)-indole-3-acetic acid (auxinole), α-(phenylethyl-2-oxo)-indole-3-acetic acid (PEO-IAA), and 5-fluoroindole-3-acetic acid (5-F-IAA) to discriminate between ABP1- and TIR1/AFB-mediated processes in Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>). We used a peptide of the carboxyl-terminal region of AtABP1 as a tool. We performed mutant analysis with the null alleles of <i>ABP1</i>, <i>abp1-c1</i> and <i>abp1-TD1</i>, and the TILLING mutant <i>abp1-5</i> We employed Coimbra, an accession that exhibits an amino acid exchange in the auxin-binding domain of ABP1. We measured either volume changes of single hypocotyl protoplasts or hypocotyl growth, both at high temporal resolution. 5-F-IAA selectively activated the TIR1/AFB pathway but did not induce protoplast swelling; instead, it showed auxin activity in the hypocotyl growth test. In contrast, PEO-IAA induced an auxin-like swelling response but no hypocotyl growth. The carboxyl-terminal peptide of AtABP1 induced an auxin-like swelling response. In the <i>ABP1</i>-related mutants and Coimbra, no auxin-induced protoplast swelling occurred. ABP1 seems to be involved in mediating rapid auxin-induced protoplast swelling, but it is not involved in the control of rapid auxin-induced growth.
Improvement of Interface State and Channel Mobility Using 4H-SiC (0-33-8) Face (2013)

In this paper, we characterized MOS devices fabricated on 4H-SiC (0-33-8) face. The interface state density of SiO 2 /4H-SiC(0-33-8) was significantly low compared to that of SiO 2 /4H-SiC(0001). The field-effect channel mobility obtained from lateral MOSFET (LMOSFET) was 80 cm 2 /Vs, in spite of a high p-well concentration of 5x10 17 cm -3 (implantation). The double implanted MOSFET (DMOSFET) fabricated on 4H-SiC(0-33-8) showed a specific on-resistance of 4.0 mΩcm 2 with a blocking voltage of 890 V.
Stereotyped behavior of autistic children with lower IQ level in HRI with a humanoid robot (2013)

Robots present immense potential as adjunct therapeutic tool, particularly for children with autism. Autism is a developmental disability normally detected within the first 3 years of life, characterized by the differing degrees of impairments in stereotyped behavior, social interaction and communication. This paper highlights our findings in a pilot study where children with autism were exposed to a humanoid robot. The simple modules of interaction were designed based on the human-robot interaction (HRI) approach. Six children who participated were identified with lower IQ classification. Child-robot interaction session and the children's interaction behavior in class (without robot) were recorded. A behavior score sheet referenced to GARS-2 was used to evaluate the videos in both set-ups. Initial responses of the children were analyzed specifically in the deficit area of stereotyped behavior. Overall results show that 5 out of the 6 children responded well in child-robot interaction. Comparison with in-class interaction portrays reduced percentage in stereotyped behavior during the child-robot interaction. However, strong proof to link the children's responses with their IQ levels need to be supported with larger samples of children in the future.
Novel Role for Molecular Transporter Importin 9 in Posttranscriptional Regulation of IFN-ε Expression (2013)

IFN-ε is a unique type I IFN whose constitutive expression in lung, brain, small intestine, and reproductive tissues is only partially understood. Our previous observation that posttranscriptional events participate in the regulation of IFN-ε mRNA expression led us to investigate whether the 5' and/or 3' untranslated regions (UTR) have regulatory functions. Surprisingly, we found that full-length IFN-ε 5'UTR markedly suppressed mRNA expression under basal conditions. Analysis of the secondary structure of this region predicted formation of two stable stem-loop structures, loops 1 and 2. Studies using luciferase constructs harboring various stretches of IFN-ε 5'UTR and mutant constructs in which the conformation of loop structures was disrupted showed that loop 1 is essential for regulation of mRNA expression. Incubation of HeLa cell extracts with agarose-bound RNAs harboring IFN-ε loop structures identified importin 9 (IPO9), a molecular transporter and chaperone, as a candidate that associates with these regions of the 5'UTR. IPO9 overexpression decreased, and IPO9 silencing increased basal IFN-ε expression. Our studies uncover a previously undescribed function for IPO9 as a specific, and negative, posttranscriptional regulator of IFN-ε expression, and they identify key roles for IFN-ε stem-loop structure 1 in this process. IPO9-mediated effects on 5'UTRs appear to extend to additional mRNAs, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, that can form specific loop structures.
Kids Make Sense... And They Vote: The Importance of Child Study in Learning to Teach Responsively (2017)

A lecture that discusses the "developmental-interaction" perspective and practice that has become the hallmark of Bank Street. Erickson builds upon the relations of mutual influence among students, teachers, and learning environments, and taking account of the relations between local practice within the small-scale "here and now" interactional ecosystems of immediate learning environments and the workings of culture, language, and society across more distal connections in social space and time.
Clinical islet transplantation at the University of California, San Francisco. (2010)

The UCSF clinical islet transplant program has evolved to utilize immunosuppressive strategies that do not rely on CNIs or other nephro- and beta-cell-toxic immunosuppressive agents. These novel strategies depend on lymphocyte-depleting induction immunotherapy and maintenance immunosuppression with novel agents that focus on co-stimulation and/or lymphocyte migration blockade. These drugs are well tolerated, frequently allow establishment of insulin independence after single islet infusions, and minimize allosensitization. Our early results suggest these regimens will be attractive immunosuppressive agents for future protocols in allogeneic islet transplantation as well as protocols utilizing stem-cell-derived beta cells.
Competence of Pheasants as Reservoirs for Lyme Disease Spirochetes (1998)

Pheasants, Phasianus colchicus L., constitute a major part of the ground-feeding avifauna of England and Wales and are important hosts to immature stages of Ixodes ricinus L., the principal tick vector of Lyme borreliosis spirochetes in Europe. Therefore, their competence as hosts for Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Steigerwalt & Brenner sensu lato was investigated. One group of pheasants was inoculated by needle with 1 x 10(6) cultured B. burgdorferi s.s. organisms, and a 2nd group of birds was infested with I. ricinus nymphs collected from a focus of Lyme borreliosis in southern England. Both bird groups were subjected to xenodiagnoses using uninfected I. ricinus nymphs. All recovered engorged ticks, as well as pheasant skin biopsies, were analyzed by a nested polymerase chain reaction targeting the 5S-23S rRNA genes of B. burgdorferi s.l. Both groups proved to be infective for ticks. The birds that were infected by tick bites proved to be significantly more infective for ticks (23% of the xenodiagnostic ticks positive) than those infected by needle (5%). The results show that pheasants can be infected experimentally with B. burgdorferi s.l., that they can pass the spirochetes to ticks and that their infectivity for ticks may persist as long as 3 mo. We conclude that pheasants are reservoir competent for Lyme borreliosis spirochetes and potentially play an important role in the maintenance of B. burgdorferi s.l. in England and Wales.
Synthesis and Cytostatic Screening of an SO2 Analogue of Doridosine (1988)

Abstract Imidazo[4,5‐ c ][1,2,6]thiadiazine ribosides have been prepared from furazano[3,4‐ c ][1,2,6]thiadiazine 5,5‐dioxides in a reaction sequence which involves introduction of the glycosidic rest, reductive cleavage of the furazan ring and cyclization. The ribosides were screened against HeLa cell cultures but showed no significant activity.
Cardiomyopathy related desmocollin-2 prodomain variants affect the intracellular cadherin transport and processing (2023)

As disease-related homozygous truncating desmocollin-2 variants lacking the transmembrane domain are not localized at the plasma membrane, we predict that some of the investigated prodomain variants may be relevant in the context of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy due to disturbed intracellular transport.
A chirp-compensation technique using incident-angle changes of cavity mirrors in a femtosecond pulse laser (1987)

A technique for chirp-compensation in a CPM laser is presented. By using the change of the incident angle to multilayer dielectric cavity mirrors, the intracavity second-order dispersion <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\phi''(\omega)</tex> is adjusted without any additional elements. It is confirmed that the optimum value of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\phi''(\omega) = +2.1 \times 10^{-28}</tex> s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> obtained when up-chirp was compensated and pulses as short as 55 fs were generated is reasonable, by comparison to analytic results of chirp behaviors. In addition, the effect of the third-order dispersion <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\phi'''(\omega)</tex> at the optimum value of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\phi''(\omega)</tex> on pulses is evaluated.
Coherent-incoherent transition and relaxation in condensed-phase tunneling systems (1991)

The tunneling dynamics of the spin-boson problem has been computed using discretized path-integral simulations for temperatures T and couplings, i.e., the Kondo parameter \ensuremath{\alpha}, spanning the entire T-\ensuremath{\alpha} plane. The inherent problem of alternating weights has been solved using a combination of the stationary-phase Monte Carlo method and contour-distortion techniques. A transition from coherent to purely incoherent relaxation was observed for the spin correlation function. The time correlation functions and the location of the coherent-incoherent boundary on the T-\ensuremath{\alpha} plane are well described by the noninteracting-blip approximation. In the deep-tunneling limit of large \ensuremath{\alpha}, low T, and high bath frequency, the system relaxes exponentially, with its relaxation time constant following a power-law temperature dependence, in accord with perturbation theory. At higher T and low bath frequency, the relaxation time crosses over to a classical Arrhenius temperature dependence, reflecting the onset of activated processes. For a narrow region within 1/21, numerical results suggest that the system undergoes incoherent relaxation, with a short-time exponential decay, followed by a long-time tail of the power-law type. The short-time exponential relaxation time follows a peculiar power-law temperature dependence, with the relaxation rate increasing as a function of decreasing temperature.
Improvements in ALMA Band 10 Optics: Influence of IR Filters and Solutions (2013)

Infrared (IR) filters and cryostat window in the Atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array (ALMA) cryostat were found to greatly degrade the optical performance of ALMA band 10 optics. This degradation has its origin in the reflection the beam suffers when going through the filters and window. The cause and mechanism of this degradation were identified using THz-TDS and simple analysis techniques and a simple solution was found. The proposed solution is based on corrugated horns with chamfered rims and Terahertz absorber paint applied around the horns. This solution proves efficient in keeping the original optical performance when the optics is used in real operation at cryogenic temperature.
P3‐205: Development and Validation of an Algorithm for Diagnosing Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease Across Five Cohorts (2016)

The purpose of the Preclinical AD Consortium is to examine the earliest phases of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of this study was to identify common cognitive tests and a diagnostic algorithm to implement across five studies that have enrolled and followed cognitively normal adults over time. We used cognitive and diagnostic data from the BIOCARD study (N=322), Adult Children Study (ACS, N=360), Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (WRAP, N=171), Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging Neuroimaging Substudy (BLSA, N=147), and the Australian Imaging, Biomarker, and Lifestyle study (AIBL, N=372). The overall sample size was N=1,767 and participants were followed for up to 19 years. Consensus diagnoses identified those who progressed to mild cognitive impairment on follow-up. We identified cognitive tests in common among studies (five memory and eight non-memory), evaluated measurement non-invariance of the tests by study to verify their equivalence across datasets, and defined impairment on each test as ≤1 standard deviation below a sample-specific mean. We then evaluated correspondence between each study’s clinical diagnosis and different combinations of algorithmic diagnoses based on (1) cognitive impairment only in 2+ tests, (2) CDR≥0.5 only, and (3) both. An algorithmic diagnosis only based on cognitive tests provided poor specificity (13%-84%) in each dataset (see Table). Using only the CDR revealed subtle differences across studies in how the CDR is used. Requiring cognitive impairment on 2+ tests and CDR≥0.5 provided the optimal balance of sensitivity and specificity (area under the curve: 0.84 to 0.97). Our data suggest both cognitive tests and CDR should be combined to obtain a reliable algorithmic diagnosis with high specificity and sensitivity in these cohorts. This algorithm can be used to examine relationships with biomarkers collected in the same individuals, such as those derived from CSF, MRI and PET.
Easy Access to Derivatives of 2‐(Hydroxymethyl)propane‐1,2,3‐triol (Isoerythritol) with up to Four Separately Addressable Functionalities (2003)

Abstract 5‐Methylene‐2‐oxo[1,3,2]dioxathiane ( 2 ) was obtained in 91% yield from 2‐methylenepropane‐1,3‐diol ( 1 ) and thionyl chloride. The cyclic sulfite 2 reacts with a variety of nucleophiles to give formally monosubstituted products 3 of the diol 1 in 62−77% yield. Oxidation of 2 with RuCl 3 /NaIO 4 yields the diprotected tetraol 5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2,2‐dioxo[1,3,2]dioxathian‐5‐ol ( 7 ) in 86% yield, which can be used to easily access tetrafunctional derivatives of 2‐(hydroxymethyl)propane‐1,2,3‐triol (isoerythritol); for example, acetylation with acetic anhydride furnishes in 96% yield the primary acetate 11 , which reacts with potassium cyanide and sodium azide to give the 2‐cyano‐ and 2‐(azidomethyl)propane‐1,2,3‐triol monoacetates 12a , b (78 and 82% yield, respectively). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Feature extraction by uniform structure threshold logic network (1986)

Abstract This paper proposes the uniform structure threshold logic network which can extract various kinds of features from the multidimensional time‐series pattern. First, the basic characteristics of the proposed network are described and discussions are made on what kinds of features the network can extract from the time‐series pattern. As a result it is seen that the network has many interesting aspects in feature extraction, e.g., flexibility in the range of patterns to be extracted and determination of the center of a pattern. Based on these results, the network is applied to the feature extraction of the character pattern and the speech spectrum pattern. The results indicate that the network can extract the line‐segment components in various directions composing the character and also the location of formant in the speech spectrum pattern. The property of the network to extract these features which are important in the recognition, will be utilized in highspeed recognition and in the LSI recognition system.
Full Scale Evaluation of Lightweight Personal Protective Ensembles for Demining (2006)

A wide range of equipment, in the form of helmets, vests, aprons, trousers, etc., is currently in use around the world to protect deminers against the effects of anti-personnel (AP) mines. Significant variations exist in terms of the level of protection afforded, operational usefulness, quality of manufacture and cost of each of these components. To date, there had been only limited studies undertaken to systematically and quantitatively assess the effectiveness of the different protective components finding their way to both the civilian and military demining theatres. This study summarizes the efforts of numerous full scale test series carried out during 1999, with particular emphasis on quantifying the protective performance against blast AP mines of selected concepts of humanitarian demining ensembles. Concurrently, it was possible to also assess aspects of the blast and related fragmentation resistance of individual components. To this effect, full size human surrogates have been used, in the form of instrumented anthropomorphic mannequins. In order to provide meaningful and reproducible data, in the context of explosive blast experiments, it was necessary to devise a blast resistant test set-up which permitted realistic experiments to be conducted. There had been no systematic studies conducted to date involving instrumented human surrogates exposed to a wide range of blast AP mine threats, and the relative protection afforded by different demining protective kit had not been quantitatively evaluated. For this purpose, advanced positioning rigs were developed and constructed by Med-Eng Systems (MES), which permitted the mannequins to be accurately and reproducibly supported in various common positions used by deminers. The mannequin, dressed in a particular protective ensemble and configured in the desired position, was suspended at representative field operating distances from a (simulated or actual) mine, as deduced from measurements taken with deminers.
Significance of Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Thickening and Filling Defect Seen on MDCT Urography in Patients With a History of Urothelial Neoplasms (2010)

Our data confirm that CT urography has utility in the surveillance of upper tract tumors. Urothelial thickening is an important radiologic sign of tumor, especially in the pelvicalyceal system.
Analysis of the mechanisms of bioelectrochemical methane production by mixed cultures (2014)

Abstract BACKGROUND In a methane‐producing bioelectrochemical system ( BES ) microorganisms grow on an electrode and catalyse the conversion of CO 2 and electricity into methane. Theoretically, methane can be produced bioelectrochemically from CO 2 via direct electron transfer or indirectly via hydrogen, acetate or formate. Understanding the electron transfer mechanisms could give insight into methods to steer the process towards higher rate. RESULTS In this study, the electron transfer mechanisms of bioelectrochemical methane production by mixed cultures were investigated. At a cathode potential of −0.7 V vs. normal hydrogen electrode ( NHE ), average current density was 2.9 A m −2 cathode and average methane production rate was 1.8 mole e − eq m −2 cathode per day (5.2 L CH 4 m −2 cathode per day). Methane was primarily produced indirectly via hydrogen and acetate. Methods to steer towards bioelectrochemical hydrogen and acetate production to further improve the performance of a methane‐producing BES are discussed. CONCLUSION At cathode potentials equal to or lower than −0.7 V vs. NHE and using mixed cultures, methane was primarily produced indirectly via hydrogen and acetate. (Bio)electrochemical hydrogen and acetate production rate could be increased by optimizing the cathode design and by enriching the microbial community. Consequently, the production rate of CO 2 ‐neutral methane in a BES could be increased. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry