gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary Membranous Glomerulonephritis: The Role of Serum and Urine Biomarkers in Patient Management (2019)

The detection of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA<sub>2</sub>R) and thrombospondin domain containing 7A THSD7A among primary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) patients transformed the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis. Anti-PLA<sub>2</sub>R can be detected in 70-90% of primary MGN patients while anti-THSD7A in 2-3% of anti-PLA<sub>2</sub>R negative primary MGN patients depending on the technique used. Serum and urine samples are less invasive and non-invasive, respectively, and thus can detect the presence of anti-PLA<sub>2</sub>R and anti-THSD7A with higher sensitivity and specificity, which is significant in patient monitoring and prognosis. It is better than exposing patients to a frequent biopsy, which is an invasive procedure. Different techniques of detection of PLA<sub>2</sub>R and THSD7A in patients' urine and sera were reviewed to provide newer and alternative techniques. We proposed the use of biomarkers (PLA<sub>2</sub>R and THSD7A) in the diagnosis, treatment decision, and follow-up of patients with primary MGN. In addition, other prognostic renal biomarkers like retinol binding protein (RBP) and beta-2 microglobulin were reviewed to detect the progression of renal damage for early intervention.
Broadband multiple satellite MIMO system (2006)

This paper proposes a multiple satellite MIMO system for broadband mobile services. It also proposes a MIMO receiver that can handle the large spatial correlation and the different propagation delay of paths created by the use of multiple satellites. The receiver is characterized by multi-stage interference cancellation and maximal ratio combining. Several simulations are conducted assuming two satellites on the same GEO stationary orbit that are separated by about one degree. The simulation results show that the proposed receiver can typically obtain the diversity gain of about 1.0 dB at BER=10 -5 from the theoretical SISO BER curve due to its use of Even in the worst propagation case, the BER degradation is suppressed to about 1.5 dB.
Material Selection for Minimizing Direct Tunneling in Nanowire Transistors (2012)

When the physical gate length is reduced to 5 nm, direct channel tunneling dominates the leakage current for both field-effect transistors (FETs) and tunnel FETs. Therefore, a survey of materials in a nanowire geometry is performed to determine their ability to suppress the direct tunnel current through a 5 nm barrier. The materials investigated are InAs, InSb, InP, GaAs, GaN, Si, Ge, and carbon nanotubes. The tunneling effective mass gives the best indication of the relative size of the tunnel currents when comparing two different materials of any type. The indirect-gap materials, Si and Ge, give the largest tunneling masses in the conduction band, and they give the smallest conduction band tunnel currents within the range of diameters considered. Si gives the lowest overall tunnel current for both the conduction and valence bands, and therefore, it is the optimum choice for suppressing tunnel current at the 5 nm scale. A semianalytic approach to calculating tunnel current is demonstrated, which requires considerably less computation than a full-band numerical calculation.
Low-temperature synthesis of titanium disulfide nanotubes (2003)

A low-temperature gas reaction was used to successfully synthesize TiS2 nanotubes with an outer diameter of approximately 20 nm, an inner diameter of approximately 10 nm, an interlayer spacing of approximately 0.57 nm, and an average length of 2-5 microm.
Multidirectional Artificial Muscles from Nylon (2016)

Multidirectional artificial muscles are made from highly oriented nylon filaments. Thanks to the low thermal conductivity of nylon and its anisotropic thermal expansion, bending occurs when a nylon beam is differentially heated. This heat can be generated via a Joule heating mechanism or high power laser pulses.
Mode-resolved measurement of the linewidth enhancement factor of multiple longitudinal-mode lasers (2009)

The linewidth enhancement factor of a Fabry-Perot laser is measured using the traditional Hakki-Paoli gain measurement and two proposed modifications to techniques used for single longitudinal mode lasers.
Performance of Pipe Extender–Shear Key at In-Span Hinges of Multiframe Bridges (2016)

In multiframe bridges, shear keys are elements located at in-span hinges. They preserve the transverse integrity of adjacent frames during seismic events. In-span hinges must simultaneously accommodate longitudinal and transverse seismic deformations to prevent unseating and collapse. The California Department of Transportation has standardized a shear key detail known as the pipe extender–shear key (PE-SK). In some cases, cable restrainers pass through the PE-SK. This detail serves three functions: ( a) it acts as a shear key for transverse motion, ( b) it provides cable restraint to prevent unseating, and ( c) it is a backup against unseating if the cables rupture. The transverse capacity and stiffness of this detail have not been fully investigated. In this paper, findings from finite element analyses performed to study the load–deformation behavior of the PE-SK with varying longitudinal gap sizes are discussed. A refined three-dimensional finite element model of the detail was developed with Abaqus. The model was validated by using data from previously conducted push-off experiments. The analyses demonstrated that ( a) the pipe shear key detail is ductile under lateral loading and maintains its resistance under large transverse displacements, ( b) the lateral capacity and stiffness of the pipe shear key vary with the size of the longitudinal gap, and ( c) cyclic loading may significantly reduce the lateral stiffness of the element. Stresses and deformation in the concrete suggest that a steel collar may be useful in preventing concrete crushing at the contact surface. Tensile force in the cable restrainers has no effect on the transverse performance of the detail.
Bootstrapping Robust Statistics for Markovian Data Applications to Regenerative R‐Statistics and L‐Statistics (2015)

This article is devoted to extending the notion of robustness in the context of Markovian data, based on their (pseudo‐)regenerative properties and by studying its impact on the regenerative block‐bootstrap (RBB). Precisely, it is shown how to possibly define the ‘influence function’ in this framework, so as to measure the impact of (pseudo‐)regeneration data blocks on the statistic of interest. We also define the concept of regeneration‐based signed linear rank statistic and L ‐statistic, as specific functionals of the regeneration blocks, which can be made robust against outliers in this sense. The asymptotic validity of the approximate RBB (ARBB), is established here, when applied to such statistics. For illustration purpose, we compare (A)RBB confidence intervals for the mean, the median and some L ‐statistics related to the (supposedly existing) stationary probability distribution μ (d x ) of the chain observed and for their robustified versions as well. Copyright © 2015 Wiley Publishing Ltd
ChemInform Abstract: The Total Syntheses of Guttiferone A (I) and 6‐epi‐Guttiferone A (II). (2014)

Abstract The stereoselective total syntheses of the title compounds, representatives of the natural product class of polyprenylated polycyclic acylphloroglucinols, are presented in a series of 10 steps with total control over the formation of four adjacent stereocenters.
Electrical Characterization of a New Crosslinked Copolymer Blend for DC Cable Insulation (2020)

To design reliable high voltage cables, clean materials with superior insulating properties capable of operating at high electric field levels at elevated temperatures are required. This study aims at the electrical characterization of a byproduct-free crosslinked copolymer blend, which is seen as a promising alternative to conventional peroxide crosslinked polyethylene currently used for high voltage direct current cable insulation. The characterization entails direct current (DC) conductivity, dielectric response and surface potential decay measurements at different temperatures and electric field levels. In order to quantify the insulating performance of the new material, the electrical properties of the copolymer blend are compared with those of two reference materials; i.e., low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and peroxide crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE). It is found that, for electric fields of 10–50 kV/mm and temperatures varying from 30 °C to 70 °C, the DC conductivity of the copolymer blend is in the range of 10−17–10−13 S/m, which is close to the conductivity of crosslinked polyethylene. Furthermore, the loss tangent of the copolymer blend is about three to four times lower than that of crosslinked polyethylene and its magnitude is on the level of 0.01 at 50 °C and 0.12 at 70 °C (measured at 0.1 mHz and 6.66 kV/mm). The apparent conductivity and trap density distributions deduced from surface potential decay measurements also confirmed that the new material has electrical properties at least as good as currently used insulation materials based on XLPE (not byproduct-free). Thus, the proposed byproduct-free crosslinked copolymer blend has a high potential as a prospective insulation medium for extruded high voltage DC cables.
Electrically assisted solid state lap joining of dissimilar steel S45C and aluminum 6061-T6 alloy (2021)

Lap joining of dissimilar steel S45C and aluminum 6061-T6 alloy sheets in the solid state is conducted by means of electrically assisted pressure joining (EAPJ). During joining, electric current is applied to a specimen assembly under continuously compressive plastic deformation. Additional holding time at the elevated temperature is also applied by periodically applying electric current after the completion of compressive deformation to enhance the diffusion between the steel and aluminum alloy sheets. Microstructural analysis confirms the solid-state joining and shows that the microstructure of the joint strongly depends on the process parameters. Quasi-static lap shear tensile testing shows that joint strength increases with increasing electric current density and with increasing holding time at the elevated temperature. Fracture surface morphology suggests that brittle fracture occurs at the interface between the steel and aluminum alloy, with some amount of intermetallic compound sticking to the steel side. The present study confirms that the EAPJ concept is applicable to the joining of steel and aluminum alloy in solid state.
Fabrication of Zr–N codoped p-type ZnO thin films by pulsed laser deposition (2007)

N-doped and Zr–N codoped p-type ZnO films were grown on sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The carrier type and conduction are very sensitive to N2O deposition pressure. p-type conduction is observed only for films grown at an intermediate pressure range (5×10−5–5×10−4Torr). The Zr–N codoped ZnO films grown at 500°C in 5×10−5Torr of N2O show p-type conduction behavior with a low resistivity of 0.026Ωcm, a carrier concentration of 5.5×1019cm−3, and a mobility of 4.4cm2V−1s−1. The p-type conduction behavior of Zr–N codoped ZnO films is also confirmed by the rectifying I-V characteristics of p-n heterojunctions (p-ZnO∕n-Si).
Impurity effects in a-Si:H (1982)

The electronic properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon deposited by glow-discharge decomposition of silane are very sensitive to the presence of impurities in the plasma. In most cases, impurities appear to have deleterious effects on solar cell efficiency. The likely sources of impurities, methods of detecting impurities in the gas phase, effects of impurities on dark conductivity, photoconductivity, and solar cell characteristics are discussed. It is found that as the quality of material is improved, the density of states in the gap is reduced to the point where impurity states have significant effects on electronic properties and device efficiency. Chlorosilanes in silane result in films with relatively low Fermi levels, whereas air leaks cause upward shifts in the Fermi level. (LEW)
A Paradigm of Calendaring‐Driven Electrode Microstructure for Balanced Battery Energy Density and Power Density (2022)

Abstract The microstructure of an electrode plays a critical role in the electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion batteries, including the energy and power density. Using a micrometer‐scale Wadsley–Roth phase TiNb 2 O 7 active material with Li intercalation chemistry as a model system, the relationship between electrochemical performance and microstructure of calendared electrodes with same mass loading but different electrode parameters is studied by both experimental investigation and theoretical modeling, providing a paradigm of calendaring‐driven electrode microstructure for balanced battery energy density and power density. Along with the reduction in porosity, ion and electron diffusion distance decreases, which is beneficial for charge transfer and rate capability. Nevertheless, the narrowed ion diffusion pathway increases the resistance for ion diffusion. The rate capability, volumetric capacity, and materials utilization are thus predominantly restricted by the microstructures of the electrode, providing fundamental insights into electrode microstructure design for different applications. As an example, an optimized TiNb 2 O 7 electrode with compaction density of ≈2.5 g cm ‐3 and mass loading of ≈8.5 mg cm ‐2 provides the highest specific charge capacity of 271.3 mAh g ‐1 at 0.2 C in half cell configuration and 70.4% capacity retention at 6 C in full configuration, enabling balanced energy density and power density of batteries.
Intraoperative Microbreaks Exercises Impact Surgical Trainees' Musculoskeletal Discomfort and Workload (2017)

Abdelrahman, Amro M. MB, BS; Lowndes, Bethany R. PhD; Bingener, Juliane MD, FACS; Park, Adrian E. MD, FRCSC, FACS, FCS(ECSA); Hallbeck, Susan M PhD Author Information
A Feminist Study on Mao Zedong’s Theory of Women and the Policy of the Chinese Communist Party Toward Women Through a Study on the Party Organ

Hongqi

(1958-88) (1990)

(1990). A Feminist Study on Mao Zedong’s Theory of Women and the Policy of the Chinese Communist Party Toward Women Through a Study on the Party Organ Hongqi (1958-88) Chinese Historians: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 21-35.
The effect of sodium dodecylsulphate on the optical rotation of crude ovalbumin at different temperatures (1977)

Abstract The effect of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) on crude ovalbumin (50 mg/ml) was studied in the temperature interval 20–80°C and at pH 7.5, by use of optical rotation measurements. It was found that in addition to the SDS‐induced conformational change at room temperature, there was at SDS concentrations below 100 mM, also a thermally induced conformational change. A concentration of SDS above 5 mM was found sufficient to prevent aggregation, and it is likely that this stabilisation towards aggregation is brought about by a destabilisation of one or several of the separate eggwhite proteins in the crude ovalbumin. A broader understanding of the results in terms of technical properties of food proteins is briefly discussed.
Method of video capture port design for IP camera (2006)

The IP surveillance market is growing significantly and is receiving global attention now. IP camera is the heart of this new surveillance system. As the key component of IP camera, video capture port contributes greatly to camera's cost. CCD image sensors are employed in most IP camera for its excellent performance and maturity in the market. In fact, new types of CMOS image sensors have become possible recent years due to CMOS technology improvements. This paper presents a design of an IP camera's video capture port using CMOS image sensor based on embedded environment. Also contained is a brief introduction to the hardware design including the interface and PCB layout. The paper also provides information on setup of important registers, functions usage and debug tips. The design was tested on an IP camera which has been on market for three years. The results show that using CMOS image sensor can achieve good image and save cost. Therefore, it is well suited for the surveillance field where image resolution is not the focus. The method can easily be extended to any other IP camera design with little change both in hardware and software.
Effect of Genomic Integration Location on Heterologous Protein Expression and Metabolic Engineering in E. coli (2017)

Chromosomal integration offers a selection-free alternative to DNA plasmids for expression of foreign proteins and metabolic pathways. Episomal plasmid DNA is convenient but has drawbacks including increased metabolic burden and the requirement for selection in the form of antibiotics. E. coli has long been used for the expression of foreign proteins and for the production of valuable metabolites by expression of complete metabolic pathways. The gene encoding the fluorescent reporter protein mCherry was integrated into four genomic loci on the E. coli chromosome to measure protein expression at each site. Expression levels ranged from 25% to 500% compared to the gene expressed on a high-copy plasmid. Modular expression of DNA is one of the most commonly used methods for optimizing metabolite production by metabolic engineering. By combining a recently developed method for integration of large synthetic DNA constructs into the genome, we were able to integrate two foreign pathways into the same four genomic loci. We have demonstrated that only one of the genomic loci resulted in the production of violacein, and that all four loci produced trans-cinnamic acid from the TAL pathway.
The Immunosuppressant FTY720 Prolongs Survival in a Mouse Model of Diet-induced Coronary Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction (2013)

FTY720, an analogue of sphingosine-1-phosphate, is cardioprotective during acute injury. Whether long-term FTY720 affords cardioprotection is unknown. Here, we report the effects of oral FTY720 on ischemia/reperfusion injury and in hypomorphic apoE mice deficient in SR-BI receptor expression (ApoeR61(h/h)/SRB1(-/- mice), a model of diet-induced coronary atherosclerosis and heart failure. We added FTY720 (0.3 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) to the drinking water of C57BL/6J mice. After ex vivo cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, these mice had significantly improved left ventricular (LV) developed pressure and reduced infarct size compared with controls. Subsequently, ApoeR61(h/h)/SRB1(-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks were treated or not with oral FTY720 (0.05 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)). This sharply reduced mortality (P < 0.02) and resulted in better LV function and less LV remodeling compared with controls without reducing hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Oral FTY720 reduced the number of blood lymphocytes and increased the percentage of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the circulation, spleen, and lymph nodes. FTY720-treated mice exhibited increased TGF-β and reduced IFN-γ expression in the heart. Also, CD4 expression was increased and strongly correlated with molecules involved in natural Treg activity, such as TGF-β and GITR. Our data suggest that long-term FTY720 treatment enhances LV function and increases longevity in mice with heart failure. These benefits resulted not from atheroprotection but from systemic immunosuppression and a moderate reduction of inflammation in the heart.
Filamentous Bacterium Eikelboom Type 0092 in Activated Sludge Plants in Australia Is a Member of the Phylum Chloroflexi (2009)

Molecular data show that the filamentous bacterium Eikelboom type 0092, frequently seen in Australian activated sludge plants, is a member of the phylum Chloroflexi. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes designed against cloned 16S rRNA sequences from a full-scale enhanced biological phosphate removal-activated sludge plant community, where this was a dominant filament morphotype, suggest that it can exist as two variants, differing in their trichome diameter. When applied to samples from several treatment plants in eastern Australia, each FISH probe targeted only the type 0092 filament morphotype against which it was designed. The patterns of FISH signals generated with both were consistent with the ribosomes not being evenly distributed but arranged as intracellular aggregates. The FISH survey data showed that these two variants appeared together in most but not all of the plants examined. None stained positively for intracellular presence of either poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoates or polyphosphate.
Studies on the Nature of the Antagonistic Actions of Dopamine and 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Renal Tissues (1995)

The present work examines the possibility of whether the reciprocal effects of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) are only dependent on the antagonistic nature of the signal resulting from the activation of their specific receptors or may also result from a competitive type of inhibition at different levels of the synthetic and metabolic pathways shared by DA and 5-HT. Studies performed in isolated proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) have shown that L-5-HTP and L-DOPA use the same transporter in order to be taken up into the cell and both L-DOPA and L-5-HTP exert a competitive type of inhibition upon their cellular uptake. The decrease in the formation of 5-HT in isolated PCT induced by L-DOPA reflects most probably a reduction in the intracellular availability of L-5-HTP. However, in experiments conducted in homogenates of PCT L-DOPA was found to be a better substrate for AAAD than L-5-HTP. Apart from sharing a common synthetic pathway, DA and 5-HT also share a common metabolic pathway; type A monoamine oxidase (MAO-A), the predominant form of MAO in rat renal tissues, converts DA into 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-HT into 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA). However, in contrast to 5-HT, DA can be metabolized by MAO-B and catechol-O-methyltransferase. Inhibition of MAO-A was found to produce a 2-fold increase in the urinary excretion of 5-HT; this increase in the urinary excretion of 5-HT was accompanied by an unexpected reduction in the urinary excretion of DA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coordination polymers of tetravalent uranium and neptunium with aromatic polycarboxylates ligands (2017)

International audience
In vitro and in vivo antimycobacterial activity of an antihypertensive agent methyl-L-DOPA. (2005)

Methyl-L-DOPA, an antihypertensive agent, has significant in vitro activity against a variety of atypical mycobacteria such as the Mycobacterium avium complex, M. scrofulaceum, M. xenopi and M. marinum, and rare pathogens like M. fortuitum. In the present investigation, the screening of the in vitro activity was further extended by testing the in vitro activity against a total of 53 different strains of mycobacteria, including 34 clinical isolates of both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most of the strains were inhibited at 10-25 microg/mL concentrations of the drug. When methyl-L-DOPA was injected into male mice at a concentration of 10 microg/g body weight (20 g each), methyl-L-DOPA significantly protected them when challenged with a 50 median lethal dose of M. tuberculosis H37Rv102. According to the chi2 test, the in vivo data were highly significant (p<0.01).