gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survival of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus Following Spray-Drying (1995)

Survival of cell concentrates of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus following spray-drying in skim milk with and without ascorbic acid and monosodium glutamate was evaluated during storage at different conditions of temperature and water activity. High temperature and high water activities were detrimental to survival of dried cells. The death rate was higher in the presence of ascorbic acid and monosodium glutamate during storage at 20'C; at 4'C. survival was higher in the presence of these agents. The developed sensitivity of survivors to chemical inhibitors with specific action was used to provide insight into the nature of cellular damage. After drying, cells showed sensitivity to NaCI, lysozyme, penicillin, and pyronin Y, indicating damage to the cell membrane, cell wall, and DNA, respectively.
Wavelength characteristics of (2*2) optical channel-type directional couplers with symmetric or nonsymmetric coupling structures (1992)

The wavelength dependence of waveguide-type directional couplers is investigated with respect to waveguide pattern symmetry in the coupling region. A rough approximation of the dependence is determined based on simplified transfer matrix multiplications, followed by a more detailed computer calculation using the beam propagation method (BPM). Wavelength-flattened coupling characteristics over a wide range, for example, from 1.33-1.55 mu m, are predicted for several types of directional coupler with waveguide width asymmetry or a tapered width structure in the coupling region.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mac the knife? Macrophages– the double-edged sword of hepatic fibrosis (2005)

Progression of hepatic fibrosis requires sustained inflammation leading to activation of stellate cells into a fibrogenic and proliferative cell type, whereas regression is associated with stellate cell apoptosis. The contribution of hepatic macrophages to these events has been largely overlooked. However, a study in this issue of the JCI demonstrates that macrophages play pivotal but divergent roles, favoring ECM accumulation during ongoing injury but enhancing matrix degradation during recovery. These findings underscore the potential importance of hepatic macrophages in regulating both stellate cell biology and ECM degradation during regression of hepatic fibrosis.
Algebraic geometry code decoding based on Chinese remainder theorem (2002)

In contrast to the conventional decoding of an algebraic geometry code that involves syndrome computing, finding error location and error magnitude computing, this paper proposes the new technique for a decoding system that makes use of the Chinese remainder theorem reconstruction. The modified version of the extended Euclid algorithm is then applied to solve the resulting key equation. The information polynomial can then be obtained directly without the knowledge of error location a priori. Our decoder can correct errors up to [(d-1)/2], where d denotes the minimum distance of the full length code.
Performance Analysis of the Fiber Bragg Grating Interrogation System Based on an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (2004)

In this paper, we analyze the performance of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) interrogation system based on an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) device. The spectrum of light reflected from the FBG sensor is analyzed using an AWG, which acts as a coarse spectrometer. Using measurement points from the AWG channels, the original spectrum of the sensing element is reconstructed by means of curve fitting. The measurement system is modeled in the LabView environment, which allows the modification of the FBG and AWG parameters and simulating the measurement process. This, in turn, allows the quantification of the measurement errors resulting from the nonlinearity of the particular FBG/AWG configuration, and allows the optimization of the system design for the particular measurement errors permitted. In addition to the simulations of the proposed measurement system, we provide details of the laboratory evaluation.
Harmonic oscillator in heat bath: Exact simulation of time-lapse-recorded data and exact analytical benchmark statistics (2011)

The stochastic dynamics of the damped harmonic oscillator in a heat bath is simulated with an algorithm that is exact for time steps of arbitrary size. Exact analytical results are given for correlation functions and power spectra in the form they acquire when computed from experimental time-lapse recordings. Three applications are discussed: (i) The effects of finite sampling rate and time, described exactly here, are similar for other stochastic dynamical systems--e.g., motile microorganisms and their time-lapse-recorded trajectories. (ii) The same statistics is satisfied by any experimental system to the extent that it is interpreted as a damped harmonic oscillator at finite temperature-such as an AFM cantilever. (iii) Three other models of fundamental interest are limiting cases of the damped harmonic oscillator at finite temperature; it consequently bridges their differences and describes the effects of finite sampling rate and sampling time for these models as well.
Przegląd bibliograficzny (2014)

Agencja Wydawnicza PDN, s. 170 ( w tym liczne fotografi e)
American Media Concentration Trends in Global Context: A Comparative Analysis (2012)

This paper would report the conclusion of a multi-year, 30-country project on media concentration around the world. Authors in these countries have followed a common methodology and developed extensive analyses of their countries, for 13 media/telecom/internet industries. This was unprecedented for many countries on their own, let alone for a global comparative study. We now have both horizontal cross-country observations as well as vertical time series, with company-specific market shares and revenue figures, cross-media ownership, cross-border ownership, and state ownership. In the process, we have developed an extensive data base ready for exploration.In the past, I have provided intermediate results. We are soon able to report findings and conclusions.Choosing among the many results, I propose to focus on the relative trends of the U.S. and contrasting it with the trends of the other countries. This will enable us to identify where the U.S. developments follow general trends, thus less likely to be containable by government policies, and where the U.S. is moving differently. I will analyze econometrically various explanatory variables. This will assist in identifying policy directions that might be effective. I will also be able to analyze the trends in cross-border ownerships, overall national concentrations (using a new type of aggregate index), and several other issues.
Software-defined underwater acoustic networking platform (2009)

Currently acoustics is the primary modality for underwater communication even though it presents a difficult channel. To try and cope with the challenges of the channel many MAC protocols and PHY layer techniques have been proposed. In this paper we present a research platform that allows developers to easily implement and compare their protocols in an underwater network and configure them at runtime. We have built our platform using widely supported software that has been successfully used in terrestrial radio and network development. The flexibility of development tools such as software defined radio have provided the ability for rapid growth in the community. Our platform adapts some of these tools to work well with the underwater environment while maintaining flexibility, ultimately providing an end-to-end networking approach for underwater acoustic development.
Formation of hemidesmosomes in vitro by a transformed rat bladder cell line. (1991)

Two hemidesmosomal plaque components of 230 and 180 kD have recently been characterized using autoantibodies in the serum samples of bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients (Klatte, D. H., M. A. Kurpakus, K. A. Grelling, and J. C. R. Jones. 1989, J. Cell Biol. 109:3377-3390). These BP autoantibodies generate the type of staining patterns that one would predict for formed hemidesmosomes, i.e., a punctate staining pattern towards the substratum; in less than 50% of various primary epithelial and transformed epidermal cell lines even when such cells are maintained in culture for prolonged periods. In contrast, affinity-purified human autoantibodies against the 230-kD hemidesmosomal plaque component generate intense immunofluorescence staining along the region of cell-substratum interaction in the rat bladder tumor cell line 804G maintained on uncoated glass cover-slips. This pattern is distinct from that observed in the 804G cells using an antibody preparation directed against vinculin, a component of adhesion plaques. Ultrastructural analyses of the 804G cells reveals that hemidesmosome-like structures occur along the basal surface of cells where they abut the substratum. These structures are present in 804G cells maintained in culture in reduced levels of Ca2+ and are recognized by autoantibodies directed against the 230-kD hemidesmosomal plaque component as determined by immunogold ultrastructural localization. To study hemidesmosome appearance in this cell line, 804G cells were trypsinized and then allowed to readhere to glass coverslips. In rounded, unattached 804G cells, hemidesmosome-like plaque structures occur along the cell surface. These structures are recognized by the 230-kD autoantibodies. At 1 h after plating, hemidesmosomes are observed along the substratum attached surface of cells. Protein synthesis is not required for the appearance of these hemidesmosomes. Within 4 h of plating, autoantibody staining and hemidesmosomes appear towards the cell periphery. Subsequently, the polypeptide recognized by the BP autoantibodies becomes concentrated in the perinuclear region, where there are numerous hemidesmosomes. We propose that the hemidesmosomes in 804G cells are involved in cell-substratum adhesion. We discuss possible mechanisms of assembly of hemidesmosomes in the 804G cells. Indeed, the 804G cells should prove an invaluable cell line for the biochemical and molecular dissection of hemidesmosome structure, function, and assembly.
Mathematical analysis and computer simulation of the respiratory system in the newborn infant (1993)

A mathematical model of neonatal respiratory control is proposed which can be used to stimulate the system under different physiological conditions. The model consists of a continuous plant and a discrete controller. Included in the plant are lungs, body tissue, brain tissue, a cerebrospinal fluid compartment, and central and peripheral receptors. The effect of shunt in the lungs is included in the model and the lung volume and the dead space are time varying. The controller utilizes outputs from peripheral and central receptors to adjust the depth and rate of breathing and the effects of prematurity of peripheral receptors are included in the system. Hering-Breuer type reflexes are embodied in the controller to accomplish respiratory synchronization. The model is examined and its simulation results under test conditions in hypoxia and hypercapnia are presented.
Mechanically Activated MoO3. 4. In Situ Characterization of Physical Mixtures with Al2O3 (1996)

Mechanical activation of solids leads to an increased internal energy caused by the introduction of defects. This can result for example in a reduced surface melting temperature of activated particles, which in turn may affect their sintering behavior. Analogously the spreading behavior of MoO3 over Al2O3 may depend on the mechanical treatment during physically mixing the solids. Differences in the spreading over Al2O3 of unmilled MoO3 and MoO3 that was mechanically activated for 600 min were investigated by SEM/TEM, XPS, ESR, and in situ high-temperature Raman spectroscopy. SEM and EDX analyses of these physical mixtures make surface melting during the calcination very probable. In addition, analysis of XPS spectra also shows that spreading occurs under these conditions. However, spreading in the mixture with milled MoO3 is more effective. ESR spectroscopy shows that Mo5+ centers are reoxidized after calcining the mixtures with unmilled MoO3 in moist oxygen. For the mixture with milled MoO3 an additionally observed Mo5+ species in C2v distorted sixfold coordination is stable against oxygen for many hours, independent of the presence or absence of water. This higher stability of this defect species against reoxidation is attributed to an improved stabilizing effect of the Al2O3 support due to a pronounced spreading of mechanically activated MoO3. High-temperature Raman spectroscopy of pure, unmilled MoO3 reveals that a transformation into polymeric species occurs at temperatures above 948 K. At 1053 K, melting is observed and the Raman bands of crystalline MoO3 are lost. Calcination of an unmilled physical mixture of 9 wt % MoO3 and Al2O3 at the considerably lower temperature of 823 K in dry O2 leads to the observation of Raman bands of an amorphous polymeric Mo surface melt. Quenching this sample to room temperature results in a Raman spectrum which is attributed to a glassy surface MoO3 phase. Calcination of the physical mixture milled for 3 h at 823 K also leads to a Raman spectrum of the surface melt. Quenching to 298 K does not lead to a considerable change of the spectrum, this being explained by a more effective spreading of the Mo phase in the mechanically activated mixture. This surface Mo phase is highly reactive toward H2O during rehydration at 298 K, which leads to the formation of a polymeric surface species. A long time spreading experiment at 723 K reveals that this process is considerably slower and less effective at this lower temperature.
Therapeutic Developments Targeting Toll‐like Receptor‐4‐Mediated Neuroinflammation (2015)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to play an important role in the immune system, which warrants study of their remarkable potential as pharmacological targets. Activation of TLRs requires participation from specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and accessory proteins such as myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), and cluster differentiation antigen 14 (CD14). Assembly of the TLR4-MD2-LPS complex is essential in TLR4 activation. Recent studies have revealed that TLR4 activation is a significant trigger of signal transmission pathways in the nervous system, which could result in chronic pain as well as opioid tolerance and dependence. Researchers of the molecular structure of TLRs and their accessory proteins have opened a door to syntheses of TLRs agonists and antagonists, such as eritoran. Small-molecule modulators of TLR4, such as MD2-I and tricyclic antidepressants, offer more promising prospects than peptides, given their convenience in oral administration and lower cost. Herein we mainly discuss the mechanisms and clinical prospects of TLR4 agonists and antagonists.
Interleukin-8 Gene Expression from Human Alveolar Macrophages: The Role of Adherence (1991)

The human alveolar macrophage (AM) is an important immune effector cell of the lung, as this cell possesses potent antimicrobial activities and has the ability to present antigen. In addition, the Am can secrete a number of regulatory and chemotactic cytokines in response to both endogenous and exogenous stimuli. In this study, we demonstrate that the adherence of AM to plastic or cellular substrates is an important activation event leading to the gene expression of novel chemotactic cytokine interleukin (IL)-8. The culturing of AM on plastic induced the time-dependent accumulation of IL-8 mRNA. In addition, adherence of these cells induced the gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1 beta. This adherence phenomenon was not specific to plastic, as AM cultured on collagen- or fibronectin-coated plates also expressed IL-8 mRNA upon adherence. The adherence of Am resulted in the induction of de novo IL-8 mRNA synthesis, as this mRNA accumulation was completely abrogated by actinomycin D. Adherence-induced IL-8 mRNA expression was not altered by cycloheximide, suggesting that de novo or ongoing protein synthesis was not required for induction of IL-8 message. Adherence of AM to plastic not only upregulated IL-8 mRNA levels but also induced the production of extracellular IL-8 immunoreactive protein. Both adherent and nonadherent AM treated with lipopolysaccharide generated substantial amounts of IL-8 mRNA. Adherence and lipopolysaccharide, however, acted in a synergistic fashion to dramatically augment the production of extracellular IL-8 from these cells. Our findings would suggest that AM adherence is an important macrophage-activating event that may play a critical role in the modulation of lung inflammatory responses.
<title>Materials and actuators for the shape control of structures</title> (2001)

Smart materials and actuators meet a noticeable infatuation for the shape control of aerodynamic surfaces. This interest is borne as well to reduced scale where space is limited for the machining of models allowing to demonstrate the merits of some advanced concepts as to full scale prototypes, where these novative mechanisms are supposed to replace advantageously hydraulic or classical electro-magnetic solutions. These new devices are even supposed to provide in some cases several benefits for integrity improvement of the structure itself. The extrapolation from one to the other is nevertheless not straight forward and must take into account the distinct specifications if only the avionability constraints and the cost. If bulk and multilayered electro-active materials and integrated adaptive systems issued from them are convenient for dynamic control, shape memory alloys are only suitable for slow but quite significant geometry changes. After a brief survey of the most outstanding properties, the availability and the limitations of usual materials, actuators and electronic controllers, easily provisionable on the market, the paper deals with some technological applications experimented on models. The subjects investigated concern the flap deflection, the twist of rotor blades and the swelling of a wing profile. The last part of presentation points out some fast started-up and economical developments, to promote these actuators in the near term in order to compensate topical deficiencies, and first actions already undertaken to this end.
Joint Stiffness Identification of a Heavy Kuka Robot with a Low-cost Clamped End-effector Procedure (2014)

This paper proposes two new methods for the identification of static stiffnesses of multi degrees of freedom heavy industrial robots. They are based on a locked link joint procedure obtained with an end-effector fixed to the environment. The first method requires only measurements of motor positions and motor torques data computed from motor current measurements and manufacturer's drive gains. The second one needs a torque sensor to measure the interaction wrench between the clamped end-effector and the environment. These methods are being experimentally validated and compared on the 2 first joints of a 6 degrees of freedom heavy 500Kg payload industrial Kuka KR500 robot.
Functional Connectivity Prediction With Deep Learning for Graph Transformation (2022)

Inferring resting-state functional connectivity (FC) from anatomical brain wiring, known as structural connectivity (SC), is of enormous significance in neuroscience for understanding biological neuronal networks and treating mental diseases. Both SC and FC are networks where the nodes are brain regions, and in SC, the edges are the physical fiber nerves among the nodes, while in FC, the edges are the nodes' coactivation relations. Despite the importance of SC and FC, until very recently, the rapidly growing research body on this topic has generally focused on either linear models or computational models that rely heavily on heuristics and simple assumptions regarding the mapping between FC and SC. However, the relationship between FC and SC is actually highly nonlinear and complex and contains considerable randomness; additional factors, such as the subject's age and health, can also significantly impact the SC-FC relationship and hence cannot be ignored. To address these challenges, here, we develop a novel SC-to-FC generative adversarial network (SF-GAN) framework for mapping SC to FC, along with additional metafeatures based on a newly proposed graph neural network-based generative model that is capable of learning the stochasticity. Specifically, a new graph-based conditional generative adversarial nets model is proposed, where edge convolution layers are leveraged to encode the graph patterns in the SC in the form of a graph representation. New edge deconvolution layers are then utilized to decode the representation back to FC. Additional metafeatures of subjects' profile information are integrated into the graph representation with newly designed sparse-regularized layers that can automatically select features that impact FC. Finally, we have also proposed new post hoc explainer of our SF-GAN, which can identify which subgraphs in SC strongly influence which subgraphs in FC by a new multilevel edge-correlation-guided graph clustering problem. The results of experiments conducted to test the new model confirm that it significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods, with additional interpretability for identifying important metafeatures and subgraphs.
Origins of Complex Self-Assembly in Block Copolymers (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorOrigins of Complex Self-Assembly in Block CopolymersM. W. Matsen and F. S. BatesView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455Cite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 23, 7641–7644Publication Date (Web):November 4, 1996Publication History Received21 May 1996Revised19 August 1996Published online4 November 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma960744qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma960744qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7293Altmetric-Citations489LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Copolymers,Interfaces,Molecules,Phase transitions Get e-Alerts