gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualizing Systemic Clearance and Cellular Level Biodistribution of Gold Nanorods by Intrinsic Two-Photon Luminescence (2009)

Characterization of systemic performance of gold nanostructures is critical to the advancement of biomedical applications of these nanomaterials as imaging or therapeutic agents. The accuracy of current in vitro methods, however, is limited by interanimal variability. We present a novel method capable of monitoring the pharmacokinetics of PEGylated gold nanorods (GNRs) in the same animal by using intravital two-photon luminescence (TPL) imaging of GNRs flowing through a surface blood vessel. The TPL imaging with high speed and submicrometer resolution allowed for studying the clearance of GNRs as a function of surface coating. PEGylated-GNRs (PEG-NRs) were found to exhibit a biphasic clearance mode, with a significantly prolonged blood residence time for branched poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as compared to the linear PEG. With spectral detection to distinguish GNR TPL from tissue autofluorescence, we also mapped the cellular distribution of GNRs in the explanted organs, and found most GNRs resided in the macrophages in liver and spleen.
Improving the MAC layer performance in ad hoc networks of nodes with heterogeneous transmit power capabilities (2004)

The performance of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol has been shown to degrade considerably in an ad hoc network with nodes that transmit at heterogeneous power levels. The main cause of this degradation is the potential inability of the high power nodes to hear the RTS/CTS exchanges between nodes when at least one node involved in the communication is a low power node. The propagation of the CTS message beyond the one-hop neighborhood of two communicating low power nodes was considered in our prior work in an attempt to alleviate this effect. However, this resulted in an excessive overhead and further degraded the performance at the MAC layer. In this paper we consider two techniques to reduce the overhead incurred due to the aforementioned propagation of the CTS message: (a) the use of an intelligent broadcast scheme and (b) the reservation of bandwidth for the sequential transmission of multiple data packets with a single RTS/CTS exchange (and propagation as needed). These techniques require changes only at the MAC layer. We find, by means of extensive simulations, that these techniques provide a significant improvement over the legacy IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol in the considered power heterogeneous ad hoc network. The overall throughput improves by as much as 12 % and the throughput of the low power nodes improves by up to 14 % as compared to the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol. Furthermore, the schemes find applicability even in homogeneous networks as they reduce the number of false link failures that arise when the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol is used, by about 20 %. We conclude that the proposed schemes together offer a simple yet effective and viable means of performing medium access control in power heterogeneous ad hoc networks.
Acute Toxicity After High-Dose Systemic Injection of Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vectors into Nonhuman Primates (2004)

Systemic intravascular delivery of adenoviral (Ad) vectors for liver-directed gene therapy has been widely employed because of its simplicity, noninvasiveness, and potential for high transduction. For first-generation Ad vectors (FGAd), this results in high but transient levels of transgene expression and long-term hepatotoxicity due to viral gene expression from the vector backbone. Furthermore, high doses also result in an acute innate inflammatory response with potentially lethal consequences. Unlike FGAd, helper-dependent Ad vectors (HDAd) contain no viral genes and can provide sustained, high-level transgene expression with negligible long-term toxicity. However, whether the absence of viral gene expression leads to any decrease of acute toxicity in nonhuman primates has yet to be determined. To address this, we injected one baboon with 5.6 x 10(12) HDAd viral particles (VP)/kg and a second with 1.1 x 10(13) VP/kg. Approximately 50% hepatocyte transduction, accompanied by mild and transient acute toxicity, was observed in the animal receiving the lower dose. In the animal receiving the higher dose, 100% hepatocyte transduction, accompanied by lethal acute toxicity, was observed. These results indicate that systemic delivery of HDAd, like FGAd, results in acute toxicity in baboons consistent with activation of the innate inflammatory response, the severity of which is dose dependent, and confirm the hypothesis that Ad-mediated acute toxicity is independent of viral gene expression.
An Intelligent Resource Reservation for Crowdsourced Live Video Streaming Applications in Geo-Distributed Cloud Environment (2021)

Crowdsourced live video streaming (livecast) services such as Facebook Live, YouNow, Douyu, and Twitch are gaining more momentum recently. Allocating the limited resources in a cost-effective manner while maximizing the quality of service (QoS) through real-time delivery and the provision of the appropriate representations for all viewers is a challenging problem. In our article, we introduce a machine-learning based predictive resource allocation framework for geo-distributed cloud sites, considering the delay and quality constraints to guarantee the maximum QoS for viewers and the minimum cost for content providers. First, we present an offline optimization that decides the required transcoding resources in distributed regions near the viewers with a tradeoff between the QoS and the overall cost. Second, we use machine learning to build forecasting models that proactively predict the approximate transcoding resources to be reserved at each cloud site ahead of time. Finally, we develop a greedy nearest and cheapest algorithm (GNCA) to perform the resource allocation of real-time broadcasted videos on the rented resources. Extensive simulations have shown that GNCA outperforms the state-of-the-art resource allocation approaches for crowdsourced live streaming by achieving more than 20% gain in terms of system cost while serving the viewers with relatively lower latency.
Tighter estimation using bottom k sketches (2008)

Summaries of massive data sets support approximate query processing over the original data. A basic aggregate over a set of records is the weight of subpopulations specified as a predicate over records' attributes. Bottom-k sketches are a powerful summarization format of weighted items that includes priority sampling [22], and the classic weighted sampling without replacement. They can be computed efficiently for many representations of the data including distributed databases and data streams and support coordinated and all-distances sketches. We derive novel unbiased estimators and confidence bounds for subpopulation weight. Our rank conditioning (RC) estimator is applicable when the total weight of the sketched set cannot be computed by the summarization algorithm without a significant use of additional resources (such as for sketches of network neighborhoods) and the tighter subset conditioning (SC) estimator that is applicable when the total weight is available (sketches of data streams). Our estimators are derived using clever applications of the Horvitz-Thompson estimator (that is not directly applicable to bottom- k sketches). We develop efficient computational methods and conduct performance evaluation using a range of synthetic and real data sets. We demonstrate considerable benefits of the SC estimator on larger subpopulations (over all other estimators); of the RC estimator (over existing estimators for weighted sampling without replacement); and of our confidence bounds (over all previous approaches).
Cost of pelvic organ prolapse surgery in the United States (2001)

The annual direct costs of operations for pelvic organ prolapse are substantial.
“Click Peptides” — Chemical Biology‐Oriented Synthesis of Alzheimer′s Disease‐Related Amyloid β Peptide (Aβ) Analogues Based on the “O‐Acyl Isopeptide Method” (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An innovative approach for RMS and THD control by field programmable gate arrays (2004)

DSP based design approach for sinewave inverters are discussed in the past [N. Kularatna, et al., 1998; N. Kularatna, 2000; N. Kularatna, et al., 1999; N. Kularatna, et al., 2000; N. Kularatna, et al., 2001]. However, due to generalized hardware in DSP chips, implementation of a control block of a sinewave inverter for precise RMS control and total harmonic distortion (THD) minimization may not be hardware efficient. As an alternative, special look-up table based FPGA approach for THD control is discussed in the paper, where no higher order harmonics are calculated individually.
ChemInform Abstract: Competition Between Reduction and Loss of Carbon Monoxide upon Photoexcitation of Cationic 2‐Azaallenylidene Pentacarbonyl Complexes of Chromium and Tungsten. (1987)

Abstract The photochemistry of the cationic title complexes (I) is investigated at ‐55 °C in CH 2 Cl 2 .
Confinement-Induced Supercriticality and Phase Equilibria of Hydrocarbons in Nanopores (2016)

For over a century, the phase behavior of bulk fluids has been described as PVT (pressure-volume-temperature) three-dimensional properties, but it has become increasingly clear that the liquid-vapor phase behavior in confined geometries is significantly altered from the bulk. Efforts have been devoted to accessing confined phase transitions using sorption, molecular simulations, and theoretical methods. However, a comprehensive picture of PVT relationships for confined hydrocarbons remains uncertain. Herein, we introduce d (confining pore diameter) as a fourth dimension, and we present PVT-d behavior of confined fluids in nanopores. For the first time, a T-d phase diagram is presented for n-hexane, n-octane, and n-decane under multiple confinement scales (37.9, 14.8, 9.8, 6.0, 4.1, 3.3, and 2.2 nm cylindrical pore diameter) using experimental differential scanning calorimetry and PVT-d equation of state theory at atmospheric pressure. As pore diameter decreases from 37.9 to 4.1 nm, the bubble point increases by as much as 15 K above bulk, until we observe behavior consistent with a supercritical state, pointing to confinement-induced supercriticality. Remarkably, experimental and theoretical findings overlap very well, showing that this approach effectively captures the phase boundaries between the liquid, vapor, and supercritical fluid regions. The model and completed EOS are additionally extended to calculation of isothermal capillary adsorption, and its validity is discussed.
PI3K in hypertension: a novel therapeutic target controlling vascular myogenic tone and target organ damage (2012)

In the past decade, several studies have characterized a number of cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of the vascular myogenic response, thus affecting blood pressure regulation. Recently, phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) has been identified as a main regulator of vascular myogenic tone and blood pressure, a result further strengthened by a highly significant genome-wide association of a single nucleotide polymorphism flanking this gene with blood pressure regulation, in a large human population. The goal of this review is to summarize the available information regarding the mechanism whereby PI3Kγ exerts blood pressure control, regulating myogenic tone at the level of L-type calcium channel in smooth muscle cells. Moreover, an overview of the pharmacological approaches available for targeting this signalling pathway shows that PI3Kγ is a suitable candidate for antihypertensive therapy, capable of lowering blood pressure. Finally, a survey of the studies dissecting the role of PI3Kγ in pathological conditions that are typically induced by hypertension in its target organs provides a more complete picture of the high potential of this novel therapeutic approach for fighting hypertension and, at the same time, its target organ damage, independently of blood pressure-lowering effects.
Mechanisms Involved in the Coordinate Regulation of mTORC1 by Insulin and Amino Acids (2011)

In this study, we explored the coordinate regulation of mTORC1 by insulin and amino acids. Rat livers were perfused with medium containing various concentrations of insulin and/or amino acids. At fasting (1×) or 2× (2×AA) concentrations of amino acids, insulin maximally stimulated Akt phosphorylation but had no effect on global rates of protein synthesis. In the absence of insulin, 4×AA produced a moderate stimulation of protein synthesis and activation of mTORC1. The combination of 4×AA and insulin produced a maximal stimulation of protein synthesis and activation of mTORC1. These effects were accompanied by decreases in raptor and PRAS40 and an increase in RagC associated with mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). The studies were extended to a cell culture model in which mTORC1 activity was repressed by deprivation of leucine and serum, and resupplementation with the amino acid and insulin acted in an additive manner to restore mTORC1 activation. In deprived cells, mTORC1 was activated by expressing either constitutively active (ca) Rheb or a caRagB·caRagC complex, and coexpression of the constructs had an additive effect. Notably, resupplementation with leucine in cells expressing caRheb or with insulin in cells expressing the caRagB·caRagC complex was as effective as resupplementation with both leucine and insulin in non-transfected cells. Moreover, changes in mTORC1 activity correlated directly with altered association of mTOR with RagB/RagC, Rheb, raptor, and PRAS40. Overall, the results suggest that amino acids signal through the Rag complex and insulin through Rheb to achieve coordinate activation of mTORC1.
T-cell receptor analysis in anti-Hu associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis (1998)

These findings suggest that an antigen-driven oligoclonal cytotoxic T-cell response plays a role in the pathogenesis of anti-Hu associated PEM/SN.
On the possibility of obtaining population inversion of energy levels by heterogeneous mixing of chemically reacting flows (1979)

The possibility of obtaining energy-level population inversion by heterogeneous mixing of chemically reacting flows is analyzed.
MicroRNA-30c inhibits human breast tumour chemotherapy resistance by regulating TWF1 and IL-11 (2020)

Chemotherapy resistance frequently drives tumour progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly characterized. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to correlate with therapy resistance, but the functional link and signalling pathways remain to be elucidated. We report here that miR-30c, a human breast tumour prognostic marker, plays a pivotal role in chemo-resistance by a direct targeting of TWF1, which encodes an actin-binding protein and promotes EMT. An IL-6 family member, IL-11 was identified as a secondary target of TWF1 in the miR-30c signalling pathway. Expression of miR-30c inversely correlated with TWF1 and IL-11 levels in primary breast tumours and low IL-11 correlated with relapse-free survival in breast cancer patients. Our study demonstrates that miR-30c is transcriptionally regulated by GATA3 in breast tumours. Identification of a novel miRNA-mediated pathway that regulates chemo-resistance in breast cancer will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Improvement of the frequency stability below the dick limit with a continuous atomic fountain clock (2012)

The frequency instability of a shot-noise limited atomic fountain clock is inversely proportional to its signal-tonoise ratio. Therefore, increasing the atomic flux is a direct way to improve the stability. Nevertheless, in pulsed operation, the local oscillator noise limits the performance via the Dick effect. We experimentally demonstrate here that a continuous atomic fountain allows one to overcome this limitation. In this work, we take advantage of two-laser optical pumping on a cold cesium beam to increase the useful fountain flux and, thus, to reduce the frequency instability below the Dick limit. A stability of 6 × 10(-14)τ(-1/2) has been measured with the continuous cesium fountain FOCS-2.
An Accelerometer Based Instrumentation of the Golf Club: Comparative Analysis of Golf Swings (2010)

The motion of the golf club is measured using two accelerometers mounted at different points along the shaft of the golf club, both sensitive to acceleration along the axis of the shaft. The resulting signals are resolved into differential and common mode components. The differential mode, a measure of the centripetal acceleration of the golf club, is a reasonable proxy for club speed and can be used to understand details of tempo, rhythm, and timing. The common mode, related to the acceleration of the hands, allows insight into the torques that generate speed in the golf swing. This measurement scheme is used in a comparative study of twenty-five golfers in which it is shown that club head speed is generated in the downswing as a two step process. The first phase involves impulsive acceleration of the hands and club. This is followed by a second phase where the club is accelerated while the hands decelerate. This study serves to emphasize that the measurement scheme yields a robust data set which provides deep insight into the tempo, rhythm, timing and the torques that generate power in the golf swing.
Association of tuberculosis and leprosy in South Africa (1980)

In a study of the simultaneous occurence of pulmonary tubercu-10sis and leprosy it was found that 13.4% of leprosy patients were also suffering from tuberculosis on admission to hospital. This fi gure is considered to accurately reflect the prevalence of the association of these two diseases in South Africa. Tuberculosis occurred throughout the 1eprosy spectrum and in general responded well when appropriate therapy was added to standard 1eprosy treatment. There is potentia1 danger in that ri fampicin resistant strains of M. tuberculosis may be se1ected for if the clinician fails to recognize the simu1taneous condition.
Abstract P071: Mineralocorticoid Receptor Overexpression in Adipose Tissue Leads to Metabolic Syndrome and Induction of Prostaglandin D2 Synthase PTGDS and lipocalin-2 NGAL (2015)

Objectives: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic risk factors associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular events. Adipose tissue (AT) plays a central role in the obesity-related metabolic abnormalities and it’s known that Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) activation affects adipocyte differentiation and function. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the molecular and metabolic consequences of adipocyte-targeted increase in MR expression in mice. Results: In our study we showed that MR expression is increased in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in a preclinical mouse model of MetS. Thus, we generated a double transgenic mouse model with a conditional and inducible overexpression of MR in AT (Adipo-MORE), demonstrating that increased expression of MR in AT contributes to MetS development with multiple metabolic abnormalities, including visceral obesity (VAT mass, control-MR 5.0±0.6 adipo-MORE 10.4±1.8, p&lt;0.05), insulin resistance (HOMA index, control-MR 8.9±0.8 adipo-MORE 14.5±2.2, p&lt;0.05) as well as dyslipidemia (total cholesterol, mg/dL control-MR 86.0±6.0 adipo-MR 109±6, p&lt;0.05). We also identified prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) as a novel mediator of adipogenic effects of MR activation in adipocytes. Since adipokines play pivotal roles in the regulation of insulin sensitivity in obesity, we also focused on the role of lipocalin-2 NGAL, recently identified in our laboratory as a target of aldosterone action in cardiovascular system, as new adipocyte MR target. It’s known that NGALKO mice fed a high fat diet are protected from obesity-induced cardiovascular dysfunctions. In our model we observed an increase of NGAL mRNA levels (3 fold increase, p&lt;0.05) in VAT. Moreover, NGAL was induced (2-8 fold increase, p&lt;0.05) in primary cultures of adipocytes differentiated ex vivo from adipo-MORE mice in presence of aldosterone stimulation compared to controls. Conclusions: We demonstrated that PTGDS is a novel direct MR target in rodent adipocytes mediating adipogenic effects of MR activation. We also found that NGAL is induced in presence of MR overexpression in adipocytes in vivo and ex vivo. In consideration of our results, other analyses are necessary to better understand the role of NGAL as adipocyte MR target.
Research on the vortical and turbulent structures in the lobed jet flow using laser induced fluorescence and particle image velocimetry techniques (2000)

The changes in vortical and turbulent structure in the near field (X / D < 3.0) of jet mixing flow caused by a lobed nozzle were investigated experimentally in the present study. The techniques of planar laser induced fluorescence and particle image velocimetry were used to accomplish flow visualization and velocity field measurements. The experimental results showed that, compared with a circular jet flow, lobed jet mixing flow was found to have a shorter laminar region, a smaller scale of the spanwise Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices, earlier appearance of small scale turbulent structures and a larger region of intensive mixing in the near field of the jet mixing flow. The central line velocity decay of the lobed jet mixing flow was also found to be much faster than that in a conventional circular jet. All these indicated that the lobed nozzle provides better mixing performance than does a conventional circular nozzle.
Improving text categorization methods for event tracking (2000)

Automated tracking of events from chronologically ordered document streams is a new challenge for statistical text classification. Existing learning techniques must be adapted or improved in order to effectively handle difficult situations where the number of positive training instances per event is extremely small, the majority of training documents are unlabelled, and most of the events have a short duration in time. We adapted several supervised text categorization methods, specifically several new variants of the k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) algorithm and a Rocchio approach, to track events. All of these methods showed significant improvement (up to 71% reduction in weighted error rates) over the performance of the original kNN algorithm on TDT benchmark collections, making kNN among the top-performing systems in the recent TDT3 official evaluation. Furthermore, by combining these methods, we significantly reduced the variance in performance of our event tracking system over different data collections, suggesting a robust solution for parameter optimization.
Productive Utilization of Chlorobenzene: Palladium‐Catalyzed Selective Oxidation of Alcohols. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Antiferromagnetic Domain Wall Motion Induced by Spin Waves (2014)

Spin waves in antiferromagnets are linearly or circularly polarized. Depending on the polarization, traversing spin waves alter the staggered field in a qualitatively different way. We calculate the drift velocity of a moving domain wall as a result of spin wave-mediated forces and show that the domain wall moves in opposite directions for linearly and circularly polarized waves. The analytical results agree with micromagnetic simulations of an antiferromagnetic domain wall driven by a localized, alternating magnetic field.