gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving the delivery of care and reducing healthcare costs with the digitization of information. (2000)

In the coming years, the digitization of information and the Internet will be extremely powerful in reducing healthcare costs while assisting providers in the delivery of care. One example of healthcare inefficiency that can be managed through information digitization is the process of prescription writing. Due to the handwritten and verbal communication surrounding prescription writing, as well as the multiple tiers of authorizations, the prescription drug process causes extensive financial waste as well as medical errors, lost time, and even fatal accidents. Electronic prescription management systems are being designed to address these inefficiencies. By utilizing new electronic prescription systems, physicians not only prescribe more accurately, but also improve formulary compliance thereby reducing pharmacy utilization. These systems expand patient care by presenting proactive alternatives at the point of prescription while reducing costs and providing additional benefits for consumers and healthcare providers.
Retraction of “A Population Balance Model for Temperature Cycling-Enhanced Deracemization” (2018)

© 2018 American Chemical Society. The authors retract this article because of a technical mathematical error in the mass balance of the nonisothermal model. After correcting the model and having rerun all simulations in section 4.2, we see that the results in section 4.2 are quantitatively affected. Given that extensive correction of the manuscript would be needed (all graphs in section 4.2), we have requested that the article be retracted. The original article was published on the web on October 2, 2018 and retracted on December 4, 2018.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Colon Cancer Survival (2020)

Residential changes after regional stage colon cancer diagnosis may be associated with a higher risk of colon cancer death among cases in high-poverty areas. This has important implications for postdiagnostic access to care for treatment and follow-up surveillance. See video abstract: http://links.lww.com/EDE/B705.
The C-Terminal End of Parainfluenza Virus 5 NP Protein Is Important for Virus-Like Particle Production and M-NP Protein Interaction (2010)

Enveloped virus particles are formed by budding from infected-cell membranes. For paramyxoviruses, viral matrix (M) proteins are key drivers of virus assembly and budding. However, other paramyxovirus proteins, including glycoproteins, nucleocapsid (NP or N) proteins, and C proteins, are also important for particle formation in some cases. To investigate the role of NP protein in parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) particle formation, NP protein truncation and substitution mutants were analyzed. Alterations near the C-terminal end of NP protein completely disrupted its virus-like particle (VLP) production function and significantly impaired M-NP protein interaction. Recombinant viruses with altered NP proteins were generated, and these viruses acquired second-site mutations. Recombinant viruses propagated in Vero cells acquired mutations that mainly affected components of the viral polymerase, while recombinant viruses propagated in MDBK cells acquired mutations that mainly affected the viral M protein. Two of the Vero-propagated viruses acquired the same mutation, V/P(S157F), found previously to be responsible for elevated viral gene expression induced by a well-characterized variant of PIV5, P/V-CPI(-). Vero-propagated viruses caused elevated viral protein synthesis and spread rapidly through infected monolayers by direct cell-cell fusion, bypassing the need to bud infectious virions. Both Vero- and MDBK-propagated viruses exhibited infectivity defects and altered polypeptide composition, consistent with poor incorporation of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) into budding virions. Second-site mutations affecting M protein restored interaction with altered NP proteins in some cases and improved VLP production. These results suggest that multiple avenues are available to paramyxoviruses for overcoming defects in M-NP protein interaction.
pH-Dependent peptide bond formation by the selective coupling of α-amino acids in water (2020)

A novel mechanism enabling selective peptide elongation by coupling α-amino acids over other potentially competing prebiotic amines under acidic aqueous condition is suggested. It proceeds via the generation of a carboxylic acid anhydride intermediate with subsequent intramolecular formation of the amide bond.
Switching domain wall motion on and off using a gate voltage for domain wall transistor applications (2018)

Spintronic devices such as magnetic random access memory and domain wall (DW) memory are attracting significant attention. Spin-field effect transistor devices have been proposed and researched for logic applications. In domain wall memory, the information is stored in magnetic domain states, which can be moved with a current above a certain threshold value. So far, the domain wall motion is only determined by the current density for most of the DW devices. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that a significant change in domain wall mobility can be achieved by applying a gate voltage. By applying a positive gate voltage, we show that the threshold current density for DW motion can be reduced by more than 10%. By choosing a suitable operating current, the domain wall motion can be switched on or off by the use of a gate voltage. These results are promising for designing high performance domain wall based transistor devices with faster operation speed and lower power consumption.
A PerR‐regulated metal transporter (PmtA) is an interface between oxidative stress and metal homeostasis inStreptococcus pyogenes (2007)

In Streptococcus pyogenes, mutation of the peroxide sensor PerR results in avirulence despite producing hyper-resistance to peroxide stress. To understand the basis of this effect, global transcription profiling was conducted revealing one highly downregulated gene (czcD), and five highly upregulated genes in the mutant. Of the latter, only pmtA contained a binding site for PerR, while phtY, phtD, lsp and rpsN2 harboured an AdcR motif and were regulated by AdcR, a repressor of an ABC-type metal transporter. Furthermore, only the PerR-regulated pmtA (PerR-regulated metal transporter A), a putative metal transporter, contributed to resistance against peroxide stress, while AdcR and the other AdcR-regulated genes did not. However, overexpression of pmtA resulted in upregulation of several AdcR-regulated genes, suggesting that the AdcR regulon is sensitive to PerR regulation of metal homeostasis. Finally, examination of S. pyogenes following murine subcutaneous infection revealed that while pmtA was not upregulated in a late infection, the AdcR-regulated genes were. Taken together, these data suggest that PerR has a greater impact on the transcriptome than can be predicted by its binding sites and that pmtA functions to link metal homeostasis and oxidative stress responses.
Electron optics for high throughput electron beam lithography system (1991)

A new electron optical column has been designed for cell projection method involving 0.2 μm large scale integration fabrication. Assuming a resist sensitivity of 1 μC/cm2 and a deflection settling time of 100 nsec, the maximum shot length is optimized to 5 μm. The objective lens system has two magnetic lenses and one magnetic deflector, and the lens system size enlargement effect has been investigated to deflect the beam up to 5 mm square field. As a result, beam edge resolution under 0.07 μm and shaped beam distortion under 0.01 μm have been achieved. In order to reduce the practical settling time, a three stage deflection system has been adopted.
Adaptive video streaming testbed design for performance study and assessment of QoE (2018)

Summary Hypertext Transfer Protocol adaptive streaming switches between different video qualities, adapting to the network conditions, and avoids stalling streamed frames over high‐oscillation client's throughput improving the users' quality of experience (QoE). Quality of experience has become the most important parameter to lead the service providers to know about the end‐user feedback. Implementing Hypertext Transfer Protocol adaptive streaming applications to find out QoE in real‐life scenarios of vast networks becomes more challenging and complex task regarding to cost, agile, time, and decisions. In this paper, a virtualized network testbed to virtualize various machines to support implementing experiments of adaptive video streaming has been developed. Within the test study, the metrics which demonstrate performance of QoE are investigated, respectively, including initial delay (ie, startup delay at the beginning of playback a video), frequency switches (ie, number of times the quality is changed), accumulative video time (ie, number and length of stalls), CPU usage, and battery energy consumption. Furthermore, the relation between effective parameters of QoS on the aforementioned metrics for different segment length is investigated. Experimental results show that the proposed virtualized system is agile, easy to install and use, and costs less than real testbeds. Moreover, the subjective and objective performance studies of QoE evaluation in the system have proven that the segment lengths of 6 to 8 seconds were faired and more efficient than others according to the investigated parameters.
Organic Ligand‐Free ZnO Quantum Dots for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells (Adv. Funct. Mater. 49/2022) (2022)

Less is More In article number 2205909, Janusz Lewiński, Chang Kook Hong, and co-workers demonstrate a novel approach to low-temperature processable and inherently pure ZnO electron transport layer (ETL) for highly stable planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on organic ligand-free ZnO quantum dots. The champion PSC achieved a power conversion efficiency of 20.05%, the state-of-the-art performance among reported non-passivated pure-ZnO ETL-based PSCs.
Synthèse et modification de matériaux mésoporeux basiques pour l'éthérification sélective du glycérol (2001)

Dans le cadre general de la valorisation par voie chimique des agroressources et plus particulierement du glycerol, nous avons etudie la reaction d'etherification selective du glycerol. Ainsi, l'objectif de ce travail est la synthese directe et selective, a partir du glycerol et en l'absence de solvant, d'une coupe de polyglycerols de faible degre de polymerisation (di- + triglycerol), en presence de catalyseurs solides mesoporeux. La partie essentielle de cette etude a consiste en la synthese et la modification, par differentes techniques, de catalyseurs mesoporeux afin de les rendre actifs, selectifs et stables pour la reaction choisie. Les resultats catalytiques obtenus montrent que la technique d'impregnation conduit aux activites les plus importantes, ce qui est d'ailleurs a correler a une incorporation plus importante d'espece active ; la technique de greffage conduit egalement a des catalyseurs d'activite relative significative compte tenu du faible nombre de sites actifs crees. Concernant la selectivite de ces catalyseurs mesoporeux modifies, les techniques d'impregnation et de greffage donnent les meilleures selectivites en la coupe (di- + tri-) glycerol. La reutilisation des catalyseurs impregnes avec du cesium n'engendre pas de diminution de la selectivite de la coupe (di- + tri-) glycerol. En presence de lanthane ou de magnesium la deshydratation du glycerol en acroleine est tres importante alors que ce produit indesirable est minimise lorsque le catalyseur contient du cesium. En outre, par rapport aux catalyseurs homogenes, les catalyseurs mesoporeux impregnes engendrent egalement une chemioselectivite differente vis a vis des isomeres de diglycerol non cyclique formes. En ce qui concerne la stabilite des catalyseurs mesoporeux modifies, les resultats les plus demonstratifs sont obtenus avec les solides greffes qui conservent leur structure et leur surface specifique apres modification, contrairement aux catalyseurs impregnes.
Automotive Roof Crush, Structural Foam Enhancement Solution (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Vehicle rollover is a rare event on roads, compared to other types of crashes. According to National Highway Traffic Safety Agency, USA (NHTSA), rollovers account for only 3% of crashes in a year &lt;sup&gt;[&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;. However, one third of the fatalities occur during a rollover and the numbers of such fatalities exceed over 10,000 per annum. The fatality and the injury rate makes rollover crash an important issue in vehicle safety.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As part of reducing risk of death and serious injury from rollover crashes, a proposal has been made to upgrade FMVSS No. 216, Roof Crush Resistance &lt;sup&gt;[&lt;span class="xref"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;. This upgraded regulation mandates the increase in peak load carrying capacity of the vehicle structure from 1.5 times vehicle weight to 2.5 times vehicle weight. As such, the manufacturers are required to comply to this norm even with their existing vehicles. This necessitates a change in structural design of the vehicle to be able to withstand the additional load bearing capacity.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper puts forth a methodology of attaining such a requirement of improving the existing vehicle structure’s loading capacity, by means of a body enhancement system. Further, opportunities are identified to offset any weight penalty by means of BIW part elimination or down-gauging options.&lt;/div&gt;
Foundations of Control and Estimation Over Lossy Networks Mathematical tools are proposed for optimal design of networked control systems when physical link losses limit available information. (2007)

This paper considers control and estimation problems where the sensor signals and the actuator signals are transmitted to various subsystems over a network. In contrast to traditional control and estimation problems, here the observation and control packets may be lost or delayed. The unreliability of the underlying communication network is modeled stochastically by assigning probabilities to the successful transmission of packets. This requires a novel theory which generalizes classical control/estimation para- digms. The paper offers the foundations of such a novel theory. The central contribution is to characterize the impact of the network reliability on the performance of the feedback loop. Specifically, it is shown that for network protocols where successful transmissions of packets is acknowledged at the receiver (e.g., TCP-like protocols), there exists a critical threshold of network reliability (i.e., critical probabilities for the successful delivery of packets), below which the optimal controller fails to stabilize the system. Further, for these protocols, the separation principle holds and the optimal LQG controller is a linear function of the estimated state. In stark contrast, it is shown that when there is no acknowledgement of successful delivery of control packets (e.g., UDP-like protocols), the LQG optimal controller is in general nonlinear. Conse- quently, the separation principle does not hold in this circumstance.
An enzyme synthesizing fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate occurs in leaves and is regulated by metabolite effectors (1983)

An enzyme catalyzing the ATP and fructose 6‐phosphate‐dependent synthesis of fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate, a regulator of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, has been identified and partially purified from plants, specifically the cytoplasmic fraction of spinach leaf parenchyma cells. The enzyme, designated fructose 6‐phosphate, 2‐kinase, showed no response to a protein phosphorylation system known to inhibit the corresponding enzyme in mammalian cells, but it responded strikingly to metabolite effectors (P i , an activator/PGA, an inhibitor) through changes in substrate affinity and maximal velocity. The observed pattern of regulation suggests a role for chloroplasts in controlling cytoplasmic carbon processing.
Comparative Study of Newer and Established Methods of Diagnosing Coccidioidal Meningitis (2020)

Meningitis is the most devastating form of coccidioidomycosis. A convenient, rapid diagnostic method could result in early treatment and avoid many meningitis complications. We studied cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in patients with documented coccidioidal meningitis, and controls, with complement fixation (CF), immunodiffusion (ID) (the "classical" assays), lateral flow assays (LFA; one-strip and two-strip), and two enzyme immunoassays (EIA). The two-strip LFA and EIAs not only enabled separate testing for IgG and IgM antibodies separately, but also could aggregate results for each method. CF with ID or the aggregate use of IgG and IgM tests were considered optimal test uses. LFAs and EIAs were evaluated at 1:21 and 1:441 dilutions of specimens. All assays were compared to true patient status. With 49 patient specimens and 40 controls, this is the largest comparative study of CSF coccidioidal diagnostics. Sensitivity of these tests ranged from 71-95% and specificity 90-100%. IgM assays were less sensitive. Assays at 1:441 were similarly specific but less sensitive, suggesting that serial dilutions of samples could result in assays yielding titers. Agreement of positive results on cases was 87-100%. When kits are available, hospital laboratories in endemic areas can perform testing. LFA assays do not require a laboratory, are simple to use, and give rapid results, potentially even at the bedside.
Efficacy and acceptability of a new topical skin lotion of sodium cromoglicate (Altoderm) in atopic dermatitis in children aged 2-12 years: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (2005)

These results show a clinically useful benefit of this sodium cromoglicate lotion in children with moderately severe AD.
ICI, Intelligent Corrosion Indicator, and Its Use for the Early Detection of Corrosion on Aluminum Alloy Surfaces by Fluorescence (2000)

Abstract Several fluorescent materials have been used under epoxy coatings on 7075 aluminum alloy surfaces. These fluorescent materials either fluoresce upon oxidation and are thus corrosivity indicators or they fluoresce with the products of corrosion and are true corrosion indicators. Recent work has involved using a pigmented epoxy paint, such as that used on aircraft, to see if fluorescence is still visible. Although the intensity is reduced, there is still visible fluorescence. This paper reports the results of the most promising fluorescent markers in each of the two types mentioned above. Photographic data are presented with changes of fluorescent activity with time. These two types of indicators have the potential to detect corrosion or corrosive conditions under paint coatings and could greatly reduce the costs of corrosion maintenance as well as enhancing safety factors in aircraft.
Advanced bioengineering of male germ stem cells to preserve fertility (2021)

In modern life, several factors such as genetics, exposure to toxins, and aging have resulted in significant levels of male infertility, estimated to be approximately 18% worldwide. In response, substantial progress has been made to improve in vitro fertilization treatments (e.g. microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (m-TESE), intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and round spermatid injection (ROSI)). Mimicking the structure of testicular natural extracellular matrices (ECM) outside of the body is one clear route toward complete in vitro spermatogenesis and male fertility preservation. Here, a new wave of technological innovations is underway applying regenerative medicine strategies to cell-tissue culture on natural or synthetic scaffolds supplemented with bioactive factors. The emergence of advanced bioengineered systems suggests new hope for male fertility preservation through development of functional male germ cells. To date, few studies aimed at in vitro spermatogenesis have resulted in relevant numbers of mature gametes. However, a substantial body of knowledge on conditions that are required to maintain and mature male germ cells in vitro is now in place. This review focuses on advanced bioengineering methods such as microfluidic systems, bio-fabricated scaffolds, and 3D organ culture applied to the germline for fertility preservation through in vitro spermatogenesis.
Directional, Low‐Energy Driven Thermal Actuating Bilayer Enabled by Coordinated Submolecular Switching (2021)

The authors reveal a thermal actuating bilayer that undergoes reversible deformation in response to low-energy thermal stimuli, for example, a few degrees of temperature increase. It is made of an aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet covalently connected to a polymer layer in which dibenzocycloocta-1,5-diene (DBCOD) actuating units are oriented parallel to CNTs. Upon exposure to low-energy thermal stimulation, coordinated submolecular-level conformational changes of DBCODs result in macroscopic thermal contraction. This unique thermal contraction offers distinct advantages. It's inherently fast, repeatable, low-energy driven, and medium independent. The covalent interface and reversible nature of the conformational change bestow this bilayer with excellent repeatability, up to at least 70 000 cycles. Unlike conventional CNT bilayer systems, this system can achieve high precision actuation readily and can be scaled down to nanoscale. A new platform made of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in tandem with the bilayer can harvest low-grade thermal energy and convert it into electricity. The platform produces 86 times greater energy than PVDF alone upon exposure to 6 °C thermal fluctuations above room temperature. This platform provides a pathway to low-grade thermal energy harvesting. It also enables low-energy driven thermal artificial robotics, ultrasensitive thermal sensors, and remote controlled near infrared (NIR) driven actuators.
CodonExplorer: an online tool for analyzing codon usage and sequence composition, scaling from genes to genomes (2009)

DNA composition in general, and codon usage in particular, is crucial for understanding gene function and evolution. CodonExplorer, available online at http://bmf.colorado.edu/codonexplorer/, is an online tool and interactive database that contains millions of genes, allowing rapid exploration of the factors governing gene and genome compositional evolution and exploiting GC content and codon usage frequency to identify genes with composition suggesting high levels of expression or horizontal transfer.
Thermal characterization of point of used power supply (2002)

A numerical and experimental study of convection heat transfer on a point of used power supply, PUPS, was conducted to determine its thermal performance. The present investigation performed a series of experiments in both free and forced convection modes. The numerical model was also developed to validate the experimental data. The present work also introduced a thermal compact model for the PUPS. This thermal compact model is function of the temperature of the motherboard, ambient temperature, and the thermal resistances between the surface of the PUPS to the air, R/sub sa/ and the surface of the PUPS to the motherboard, R/sub sb/. The thermal resistances of the thermal compact model were derived from the experimental results. In addition, the relationships between the thermal resistances of the PUPS and both Rayleigh and Reynolds numbers were also obtained. Finally, the thermal performance of the PUPS in convective heat transfer was determined. The present methodology of the thermal characterization of the present PUPS can be applied to any PUPS, which is commonly used in telecommunication products.