gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of OTX2 as a Medulloblastoma Oncogene Whose Product can be Targeted by All-Trans Retinoic Acid (2005)

Through digital karyotyping of permanent medulloblastoma cell lines, we found that the homeobox gene OTX2 was amplified more than 10-fold in three cell lines. Gene expression analyses showed that OTX2 transcripts were present at high levels in 14 of 15 (93%) medulloblastomas with anaplastic histopathologic features. Knockdown of OTX2 expression by siRNAs inhibited medulloblastoma cell growth in vitro, whereas pharmacologic doses of all-trans retinoic acid repressed OTX2 expression and induced apoptosis only in medulloblastoma cell lines that expressed OTX2. These observations suggest that OTX2 is essential for the pathogenesis of anaplastic medulloblastomas and that these tumors may be amenable to therapy with all-trans-retinoic acid.
The Effect of Extracorporeal Cholesterol Removal on the Progression of Atherosclerosis (1989)

High correlation of plasma lipid levels, especially low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, with the risk of coronary heart disease has been clearly indicated by epide-miologic studies. This study was undertaken to use an animal model of nondietinduced hyperlipidemia in the homozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit (WHHL) to evaluate the effect of plasma cholesterol lowering on the progression of atherosclerosis, and to correlate plasma cholesterol levels with the amount of atherosclerotic plaque. Studies were carried out on ten homozygous WHHL rabbits divided into two groups: lipid lowering (treated) and control (nontreated). Lipid lowering was accomplished by thermofiltration (on-line plasma membrane filtration at 39°C for removal of VLDL and LDL). The treated group had a significantly lower mean plasma level of total cholesterol over the course of the study than the nontreated group (293 vs. 655 mg/dl, p = 0.004). The amount of aortic atherosclerotic plaque in the treated group was also significantly lower than that in the control group (16.9 vs. 44.2%, p = 0.003). Microscopically, thickness measurements of the atherosclerotic lesions revealed that the control group had a thicker intima than the treated group. This study convincingly demonstrated the slowing or interdiction of progression of atherosclerotic lesions with lowering of the plasma total cholesterol level by thermofiltration.
Thermochromism and thermofluorochromism of merocyanines with a positive solvatochromism (2006)

The thermochromism and thermofluorochromism of ethanol solutions of di-, tetra-, and hexamethine merocyanines based on 1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-(2H)-indol-2-yliden and malonodinitrile, having a positive solvatochromism as compared to the corresponding cationic and anionic symmetric dyes, are studied at T = 348, 293, and 4.2 K. It is found that, upon a decrease in the temperature, the absorption spectra exhibit bathochromic shifts of bands, an increase in the vinylene shifts, and a decrease in deviations, whereas the fluorescence spectra exhibit opposite changes. In this case, the differences in the shapes of the absorption and luminescence bands decrease so considerably that the bands become virtually mirror-symmetric. It is shown that the spectral and luminescent effects observed arise because, at high temperatures, the electronic structure of the ground state of merocyanines approaches that of neutral polyenes, whereas, at low temperatures, this structure is similar to the structure of ideal polymethine. Such a transformation of the structure is caused by an increase in specific electrostatic interactions (nucleophilic and electrophilic solvations) with a solvent, as a result of which the alternation of the charges of a chromophore increases, while its bond orders become equalized.
Ouabain Antagonists as Antihypertensive Agents (2005)

The evidence that high levels of endogenous ouabain (EO), a closely related isomer of ouabain, are implicated in human hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy and failure stimulated the pharmacological research for developing novel anti-hypertensive agents active as ouabain antagonists. The pathogenetic mechanisms through which increased EO levels affect cardiovascular system involve the modulation of Na-K ATPase, the key enzyme responsible for renal tubular sodium reabsorption and the activation of signalling transduction pathways implicated in growth-related gene transcription. By studying both genetic and experimental rat models of hypertension and comparing them with humans, our group has demonstrated that elevated levels of circulating EO and the genetic polymorphism of the cytoskeletal protein adducin associate with hypertension and high renal Na-K pump activity. Ouabain itself induces hypertension and up-regulates renal Na-K pump when chronically infused at low doses into rats (OS). In renal cultured cells, either incubated for several days with nanomolar concentrations of ouabain or transfected with the hypertensive adducin genetic variant, the Na-K pump results enhanced. Moreover, both EO and adducin polymorphism affect cardiac complications associated to hypertension, the former through the activation of a signalling transduction pathway. As a consequence, a compound able to interact with the cellular and molecular alterations, sustained by EO or mutated adducin, may represent the suitable treatment for those patients in whom these mechanisms are at work. A new antihypertensive compound, PST 2238, that selectively antagonises the pressor effect and the alteration of renal Na-K pump, sustained both by ouabain and adducin polymorphism, is described. A selective ability of PST 2238 to antagonise the ouabain-induced organ hypertrophy is also documented. The specificity of PST 2238 mechanism of action is supported by the absence of interactions with receptors or hormones involved in blood pressure regulation and by the lack of diuretic activity and diuretic-associated side effects. It is concluded that this compound could be useful for the treatment of those forms of essential hypertension in which renal Na handling alterations and cardiac complications are associated with either increased EO levels and/or adducin polymorphism.
Proteomic Analysis Reveals Differences in Protein Expression in Spheroid versus Monolayer Cultures of Low-Passage Colon Carcinoma Cells (2007)

Spheroid cultures of cancer cells may better reflect characteristics of tumors than traditional monolayer cultures. Furthermore, low-passage cancer cell lines recapitulate the properties of the original tumor cells more closely than commonly used standard cell lines that experience artificial selection processes and mutations over years of passaging. Here we established spheroid cultures of the low-passage colon cancer cell line COGA-5 and stable COGA-12 aggregates with local areas of compaction. The proteomes of both three-dimensional cultures were analyzed versus their corresponding two-dimensional cultures. 2-D gel electrophoresis followed by peptide mass fingerprinting identified three differently expressed proteins in COGA-5 spheroids (acidic calponin, hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, and lamin A/C) and two in COGA-12 partly compact aggregates (two isoelectric variants of the acidic ribosomal protein P0) compared to the respective monolayer cultures. The lamin A/C spot showed a lower molecular weight in the 2-D gel (30 kDa) than expected for full-length lamin. Further Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry identified the lamin protein as a caspase-6-cleavage product in apoptotic cells of the spheroid. Similar caspase-dependent lamin cleavage was observed in monolayer cultures after serum withdrawal and further increased under hypoxic conditions, suggesting cleaved lamin as an indicator for apoptotic stress. In conclusion, proteome analysis of multicellular spheroids versus monolayers cultures identifies differential protein expression relevant to tumor cell proliferation, survival, and chemoresistance and thus may reveal novel targets for cancer therapy.
Three-Wall Segment (TriSeg) Model Describing Mechanics and Hemodynamics of Ventricular Interaction (2009)

A mathematical model (TriSeg model) of ventricular mechanics incorporating mechanical interaction of the left and right ventricular free walls and the interventricular septum is presented. Global left and right ventricular pump mechanics were related to representative myofiber mechanics in the three ventricular walls, satisfying the principle of conservation of energy. The walls were mechanically coupled satisfying tensile force equilibrium in the junction. Wall sizes and masses were rendered by adaptation to normalize mechanical myofiber load to physiological standard levels. The TriSeg model was implemented in the previously published lumped closed-loop CircAdapt model of heart and circulation. Simulation results of cardiac mechanics and hemodynamics during normal ventricular loading, acute pulmonary hypertension, and chronic pulmonary hypertension (including load adaptation) agreed with clinical data as obtained in healthy volunteers and pulmonary hypertension patients. In chronic pulmonary hypertension, the model predicted right ventricular free wall hypertrophy, increased systolic pulmonary flow acceleration, and increased right ventricular isovolumic contraction and relaxation times. Furthermore, septal curvature decreased linearly with its transmural pressure difference. In conclusion, the TriSeg model enables realistic simulation of ventricular mechanics including interaction between left and right ventricular pump mechanics, dynamics of septal geometry, and myofiber mechanics in the three ventricular walls.
SWIFT: A Narrowband-Friendly Cognitive Wideband Network (2008)

Wideband technologies in the unlicensed spectrum can satisfy the ever-increasing demands for wireless bandwidth created by emerging rich media applications. The key challenge for such systems, however, is to allow narrowband technologies that share these bands (say, 802.11 a/b/g/n, Zigbee) to achieve their normal performance, without compromising the throughput or range of the wideband network.This paper presents SWIFT, the first system where high-throughput wideband nodes are shown in a working deployment to coexist with unknown narrowband devices, while forming a network of their own. Prior work avoids narrowband devices by operating below the noise level and limiting itself to a single contiguous unused band. While this achieves coexistence, it sacrifices the throughput and operating distance of the wideband device. In contrast, SWIFT creates high throughput wireless links by weaving together non-contiguous unused frequency bands that change as narrowband devices enter or leave the environment. This design principle of cognitive aggregation allows SWIFT to achieve coexistence, while operating at normal power, and thereby obtaining higher throughput and greater operating range. We implement SWIFT on a wideband hardware platform, and evaluate it in the presence of 802.11 devices. In comparison to a baseline that coexists with narrowband devices by operating below their noise level, SWIFT is equally narrowband-friendly but achieves 3.6x-10.5x higher throughput and 6x greater range.
Three-dimensional deconvolution processing for STEM cryotomography (2020)

The complex environment of biological cells and tissues has motivated development of three-dimensional (3D) imaging in both light and electron microscopies. To this end, one of the primary tools in fluorescence microscopy is that of computational deconvolution. Wide-field fluorescence images are often corrupted by haze due to out-of-focus light, i.e., to cross-talk between different object planes as represented in the 3D image. Using prior understanding of the image formation mechanism, it is possible to suppress the cross-talk and reassign the unfocused light to its proper source post facto. Electron tomography based on tilted projections also exhibits a cross-talk between distant planes due to the discrete angular sampling and limited tilt range. By use of a suitably synthesized 3D point spread function, we show here that deconvolution leads to similar improvements in volume data reconstructed from cryoscanning transmission electron tomography (CSTET), namely a dramatic in-plane noise reduction and improved representation of features in the axial dimension. Contrast enhancement is demonstrated first with colloidal gold particles and then in representative cryotomograms of intact cells. Deconvolution of CSTET data collected from the periphery of an intact nucleus revealed partially condensed, extended structures in interphase chromatin.
Chemotaxonomy of Asarum Group Based on the Patterns of the Essential Oils (1987)

The essential oils of about fifty species of wild-gingers in Japan and in neighboring countries have been investigated, and the essential oils are divided into three types as shown in Table I. Namely, the first type is a primitive type characterized by containing many kinds of minor mono- or sesquiterpenoids ; the second one is an intermediate type containing several phenylpropanoids as major components ; the third one is an advanced type characterized by containing propanoids as a major component together with trace amounts of other constituents. A character of each essential oil is related to the taxonomical position of each original plant among groups to which they belong. Therefore, the data of each essential oil afford some significant informations in order to deduce the mutual phylogenical relationship. However, the systematic tree of wild-gingers (Asarum, wide sensed) has not been figured out such ambiguous problems as the existence of many ancestral kinds growing in China, Taiwan and Ryukyu.
Application issues and mitigation methods for common DC bus motor drive systems with active front-end rectifier (2017)

AC drive systems with PWM switched converters and long shielded cables cause issues like motor line-line overvoltage, common-mode currents (CMC), overvoltage to ground, bearing currents and electro-magnetic interference (EMI). High-frequency common-mode voltage (CMV) generated by converter and inverter switching creates high shaft voltages and bearing currents, which may cause premature failure of the motor. It is crucial to model the AC drive system accurately to determine the effect of system configuration on the aforementioned application issues, before designing a solution to mitigate the issues. In this paper, a systematic approach is provided to model and simulate the various components of a multi-axis Common DC bus motor drive system. The simulation models are validated by comparing the results with experimental data obtained for a single axis motor drive system.
Inducible expression of a gene encoding an L41 ribosomal protein responsible for the cycloheximide-resistant phenotype in the yeast Candida maltosa (1995)

In a previous paper (S. Kawai, S. Murao, M. Mochizuki, I. Shibuya, K. Yano, and M. Takagi, J. Bacteriol. 174:254-262, 1992), we showed that in each genome of several yeast species, there is one of two types of L41 gene, one for an L41 (Q-type) protein which confers cycloheximide (CYH) resistance or one for an L41 (P-type) protein which does not. These genes have been suggested to be responsible for the CYH response used in taxonomy. For example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is CYH sensitive, has a P-type L41 gene, while Kluyveromyces fragilis and Candida maltosa, which are CYH resistant, have Q-type L41 genes. However, in contrast to K. fragilis, which is constitutively resistant to CYH, C. maltosa is inducibly resistant to CYH. Here, we show that C. maltosa has both types of the L41 gene in its genome and that expression of the Q-type L41 gene is induced by CYH while the P-type L41 gene is constitutively expressed.
Fast numerical valuation of American, exotic and complex options (1997)

The purpose of this paper is to present evidence in support of the hypothesis that fast, accurate and parametrically robust numerical valuation of a wide range of derivative securities can be achieved by use of direct numerical methods in the solution of the associated PDE problems. Specifically, linear programming methods for American vanilla and exotic options, and explicit methods for a three stochastic state variable problem (a multi-period terminable differential swap) are explored and promising numerical results are discussed. The resulting value surface gives, simultaneously, valuation for many maturities and underlying prices, and the parameters required for risk analysis.
Cloning, expression and pharmacological characterization of a human glutamate receptor: hGluR4. (1995)

A member of the ionotropic family of glutamate receptors, hGluR4, was isolated from a human cDNA library and characterized following expression in mammalian cell lines. Human GluR4 possessed a 99% amino acid and 92% nucleotide homology to that of its rat counterpart with sequence differences restricted to the carboxy and amino terminal regions of the molecule. Transfection of simian kidney cells (COS-1) with an hGluR4 expression plasmid resulted in the transient formation of a membrane protein that possessed high specific binding for [3H](RS)-alpha-amino- 3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid ([3H]AMPA) but not [3H]kainate. Competition studies yielded a displacement profile of AMPA = quisqualate > glutamate > domoate > kainate >> N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or dihydrokainate. Whole-cell, voltage-clamp recordings from a human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK 293) stably expressing hGluR4 confirmed the presence of constitutively active, ligand-gated ion channels activated by AMPA, glutamate and kainate but not N-methyl-D-aspartate. Kainate-evoked currents were reversibly attenuated by 6-cyano-7-nitro- quinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) but not DL-2-amino-5- phosphonovalerate (DL-AP5). Agonist-evoked currents exhibited inward rectification and ion substitution experiments indicated that hGluR4 receptor-linked ion channels in their homomeric state are permeable to both CA2+ and Na+ ions. In the same cell line antibody to rat GluR4 immunoprecipitated a major protein band at approximately 108 kDa and a minor one at approximately 340 kDa. The immunoblot analysis of membranes chemically crosslinked with dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate) showed a broad band at 550-600 kDa suggesting that the GluR4 receptor forms a pentamer in situ. This is the first report of the cloning of hGluR4 receptor and its stable expression in a human cell line.
Pharmacogenomics of Acute Leukemia (2007)

Pharmacogenomics provides knowledge regarding how genetic polymorphisms affect treatment responses. Such an approach is particularly needed in cancer therapy, as most chemotherapeutics drugs affect both tumor and normal cells, are ineffective in many patients and exhibit serious side effects. Leukemia exists in two different forms, myeloid and lymphoid. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia more frequently occurs in children, whereas the risk of acute myeloid leukemia is more common in adults. Despite significant progress in the treatment of these diseases, therapy is still unsuccessful in many patients. Prognosis is particularly poor in adult acute myeloid leukemia. Treatment failure in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia due to drug resistance remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Here, we provide an overview of pharmacogenetics studies carried out in children and adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, attempting to find the associations between treatment responses and polymorphisms in the genes whose products are needed for metabolism, and effects of drugs used in the treatment of leukemia.
Simulation of Tool Vibration Control in Turning, Using a Self-Sensing Actuator (2008)

Besides reducing the restricting effects of tool vibrations on productivity, work-piece surface finish and tool life, it is desirable to handle lack of space for sensors at the tool tip and the cost of control systems in turning processes in an effective way. This work considers these two aspects by exploiting the concept of a self-sensing actuator (SSA) in the simulation of tool vibration control. The tool holder structure, in its passive as well as active state, is modeled as a supported cantilever. A feedback filtered-x least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm is chosen to compute the control action. A known technique, which consists of pre-filtering the inputs to the LMS-algorithm maintains the stability of the control system. The self-sensing path is modeled and illustrated. It consists of the transmission of the tool tip displacement to the SSA where it is sensed by converting it into a voltage signal. A considerable reduction of 93% of the displacement r.m.s. values of the tool tip, was obtained when simulating this control system.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the CP‐Molecules (CP‐263,114 and CP‐225,917, Phomoidrides B and A). Part 3. Completion and Synthesis of Advanced Analogues. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Towards a Particle Based Simulation of Complex Plasma Driven Nanocomposite Formation (2012)

Abstract An overview on particle‐based simulation of nanocomposite formation in a magnetron plasma is given. After discussing recent kinetic Monte Carlo results for metal cluster growth and diffusion, new results for the simulation of co‐sputtering of metal and polymer are presented. Then, the second method based on molecular dynamics is discussed and time‐resolved results for the coalescence of two clusters in the plasma are shown. We conclude with an outlook on the prospects for an integrated simulation of cluster growth in the plasma coupled to the surface deposition phase (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Molecular Similarity Matrixes and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships: A Case Study with Methodological Implications (1995)

Recently, statistical analysis of molecular similarity matrices has been applied to the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis of a number of molecular series. This paper addresses a number of methodological issues relative to the similarity matrices. A series of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, for which the mutation (aneuploidy) induction ability had previously been determined, was used as test bench. The chemical information carried by the similarity matrices was shown to overlap to a considerable extent the information carried by the classical descriptors (physical chemical and quantum mechanical parameters). A good QSAR was obtained on the basis of the similarity matrices, in analogy with that obtained with the classical descriptors; however, the similarity matrices neither complemented the classical descriptors nor were able to improve on their performance. The effect of the compound's spatial orientation on the similarity values was also investigated.
An airborne multimode radar display processor (2002)

The authors describe a display processor unit (DPU) that develops display images for a multimode airborne radar system. The DPU described has a unique feature that allows display updates for a period of time when the radar is not transmitting. Once the radar image is formed, the information provided by the avionics system can reposition the display image. In this mode this aircraft is less vulnerable to detection by electronic counter measures. This feature also provides a significant improvement in display clarity during normal operation. The multimode airborne radar display modes, the equipment that generates the displays, and the technology used are also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>