gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute deep brain stimulation changes in regional cerebral blood flow in obsessive-compulsive disorder (2016)

OBJECTIVE Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a reversible, nonlesion-based treatment for patients with intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The first studies on DBS for OCD stimulating the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) yielded encouraging results for this neuroanatomical site's therapeutic efficacy. This investigation was conducted to better understand which regions of the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical network were acutely affected by VC/VS DBS for OCD. Furthermore, the objective was to identify which brain regions demonstrated changes in perfusion, as stimulation was applied across a dorsoventral lead axis that corresponded to different anatomical locations in the VC/VS. METHODS Six patients receiving VC/VS DBS for OCD underwent oxygen-15 positron emission tomography (<sup>15</sup>O-PET) scanning. Monopolar DBS was delivered at each of the 4 different electrodes on the stimulating lead in the VC/VS. The data were analyzed using SPM5. Paired t-tests were run in SPSS to identify significant changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) between stimulation conditions. Pearson's r correlations were run between these significant changes in rCBF and changes in OCD and depressive symptom severity. RESULTS Perfusion in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) significantly increased when monopolar DBS was turned on at the most ventral DBS contact, and this increase in dACC activity was correlated with reductions in depressive symptom severity (r(5) = -0.994, p = 0.001). Perfusion in the thalamus, striatum, and globus pallidus significantly increased when DBS was turned on at the most dorsal contact. CONCLUSIONS DBS of the VC/VS appears to modulate activity in the regions implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD. Different regions in the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuit showed increased perfusion based on whether the stimulation was more ventral or dorsal along the lead axis in the VC/VS. Evidence was found that DBS at the most ventral site was associated with clinical changes in depressive symptom severity, but not OCD symptom severity.
Emerging Concepts about NAIP/NLRC4 Inflammasomes (2014)

Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP)/NOD-like receptor (NLR) containing a caspase activating and recruitment domain (CARD) 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome complexes are activated in response to proteins from virulent bacteria that reach the cell cytosol. Specific NAIP proteins bind to the agonists and then physically associate with NLRC4 to form an inflammasome complex able to recruit and activate pro-caspase-1. NAIP5 and NAIP6 sense flagellin, component of flagella from motile bacteria, whereas NAIP1 and NAIP2 detect needle and rod components from bacterial type III secretion systems, respectively. Active caspase-1 mediates the maturation and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, and is responsible for the induction of pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory form of cell death. In addition to these well-known effector mechanisms, novel roles have been described for NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasomes, such as phagosomal maturation, activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, regulation of autophagy, secretion of inflammatory mediators, antibody production, activation of T cells, among others. These effector mechanisms mediated by NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasomes have been extensively studied in the context of resistance of infections and the potential of their agonists has been exploited in therapeutic strategies to non-infectious pathologies, such as tumor protection. Thus, this review will discuss current knowledge about the activation of NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasomes and their effector mechanisms.
Health care cost of breast cancer: A claims data analysis. (2010)

6055 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently occuring malignancy among women in the United States where one in every eight women develops BC. This study was conducted to analyze the economic burden of BC with a focus on direct health care cost in the United States. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study using a large claims database from a US national commercially-insured population between January 2003 and September 2008. Women aged ≥ 18 were selected with ≥ 2 BC diagnosis (ICD-9 code: 174.xx) on different dates within 90 days, ensuring that the diagnosis code represented the actual disease condition instead of that for a regular screening. The date of the first BC diagnosis was served as the index date for case cohort. The control cohort (without BC) was selected with a 3:1 ratio by matching to the cases based on index date (same year and month), age (5 year range), region, employer, and health insurance type. Both case and control cohorts were required to have continuous enrollment for at least 6 months prior to and 12-months after the index date. Generalized linear model (GLM) with log link was applied to evaluate the 1-year post-index cost difference between cases and controls with the adjustment of demographics, comorbid conditions, and preindex total health care cost. Results: Based on the selection criteria, 140,228 patients (35,057 cases and matched 105,171 controls) were included with mean (SD) age of 52.1 (7.5) years. The total 1-year health care costs for case and control cohorts were $61,167 and $6,296, respectively (p < 0.001). GLM predicts that the adjusted incremental health care cost was $42,401 (p < 0.001) per BC patient per year, which included 12%, 86%, and 2% of the total for inpatient, outpatient, and prescription use. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that breast cancer is an expensive disease condition, which consumes an average of $40,000 more per patient within the first year of diagnosis for the U.S. health care system. The majority of the direct health care cost was spent in outpatient care settings. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration sanofi-aventis sanofi-aventis sanofi-aventis sanofi-aventis
A Cost Approach to Economic Analysis Under State‐Contingent Production Uncertainty (2008)

Abstract This article explores the economics of input decision under production uncertainty. The article develops a methodology to specify and estimate cost‐minimizing input decisions under a state‐contingent technology. The analysis is applied to time series data on U.S. agriculture. It finds strong empirical evidence that expected output alone does not provide an appropriate representation of production uncertainty. The results provide empirical support for an output‐cubical technology. This indicates that an ex post analysis of stochastic technology appears appropriate. The analysis also provides evidence that the cost of facing production risk has declined in U.S. agriculture over the last few decades.
q-Calculus Framework For Entropy In Multifractal Distributions (1998)

The connection between Tsallis entropy for a multifractal distribution and Jackson's $q$-derivative is established. Based on this derivation and definition of a homogeneous function, a $q$-analogue of Shannon's entropy is discussed. $q$-additivity of this entropy is shown. We also define $q$-analogue of Kullback relative entropy. The implications of lattice structure beneath $q$-calculus are highlighted in the context of $q$-entropy.
Synthesis of 10-Hydroxycamptothecin: Evaluation of New Moderators for the Chemoselective Reduction of Camptothecin (2011)

Abstract 10-Hydroxycamptothecin is prepared by chemoselective catalytic hydrogenation of the B-ring of camptothecin over PtO2 with sulfur moderators followed by oxidation using iodobenzenediacetate. New moderators (viz. thioanisole, dimethyl sulfide, diphenyl sulfide, 2-mercapto ethanol), which moderate the hydrogenation of the B- ring of camptothecin, are being explored.
Gender discrepancies in the level of disease progression in hospitalized patients with diabetes. (2006)

Diabetes is a widely recognized and common cause of mortality, morbidity, and excess cost in the health care system. Type 2 diabetes is specifically on the rise, particularly in association with the increasing obesity rate. Substantial literature has examined differences in behavior across genders and potential effect on disease. However, based on a literature review, little has been done to evaluate differences in patterns of diabetes related to inpatient care across genders and to link these differences with potential explanations related to differences in care-seeking behavior, treatment compliance, and lifestyle choices. This review and analysis of national inpatient data demonstrates substantial differences associated with gender in patterns of hospital-based care in patients with type 2 diabetes. Men are more likely to be admitted for diabetes-related conditions and to present with blood sugars at extreme levels, including acutely elevated and dangerous blood sugar levels. When considering these findings in conjunction with the existing literature, it can be concluded that these differences are primarily reflective of variances in care-seeking behavior and long-term adherence to prescribed medications. Policies that promote expansion of health care benefits to include coverage for men at risk for type 2 diabetes, aggressive education and treatment programs, and expanded prescription drug coverage are necessary to reduce gender discrepancies in patterns of hospitalization and to improve outcomes.
A Stereo-Controlled Total Synthesis ofdl-Prostaglandin F1α (1978)

A stereo-controlled total synthesis of dl-prostaglandin F1α (PGF1α) methyl ester (XVIII) and its 15-epimer (XX) starting from 8-oxo-octanenitrile was achieved. This synthesis involved the oxidative cleavage of a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene (VIII) as a key reaction in order to obtain an appropriate cyclopentane skeleton.
Large excimer lasers for fusion (1986)

Important goals in DOE and DOD programs require multimegajoule laser pulses. For inertial confinement fusion there is also a requirement to deliver the pulse in about 25 nsec with a very particular power vs time profile - all at high overall efficiency and low cost per joule. After exhaustive consideration of various alternatives, our studies have shown that the most cost effective approach to energy scaling is to increase the size of the final amplifiers up to the 200 to 300 kJ level. This conclusion derives largely from the fact that, at a given complexity, costs increase slowly with increasing part size while output energy should increase dramatically. Extrapolations to low cost by drastic cuts in the unit cost of smaller devices through mass production are considered highly risky. At a minimum the requirement to provide, space, optics and mounts for such systems will remain expensive. In recent years there have been dramatic advances in scaling. The Los Alamos LAM has produced over 10 kJ in a single 1/2 nsec pulse. In this paper we explore the issues involved in scaling to higher energy while still maintaining high efficiencies. In the remainder of this paper we will discuss KrF laser scaling for the fusion mission. We will omit most of the discussion of the laser system design, but address only KrF amplifiers.
Development and Optimization of Silver Nanoparticle Formulation for Fabrication (2015)

Abstract : Multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections are on the rise in military and civilian populations. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) show promise as an antimicrobial agent; however, there remains gaps in the knowledge on the mechanisms in which the AgNPs are fabricated. The study's objective was to evaluate a method for the consistent fabrication of AgNPs with diameters between 10 and 20 nm. Silver nanoparticle suspensions were synthesized by a chemical phase solution reaction route. Different concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), tribasic sodium citrate dihydrate (Na3C6H5O7 2H2O), poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were combined to determine the most consistent AgNP fabrication method within the range of diameters. The formulation containing 25 mL of 0.2 mM AgNO3 with sodium citrate (1.5 mM), PVP (Mw 29k Da, 0.7mM), NaBH4 (0.8mM), and H2O2 (60L, 30 ) gave an average AgNP size of 12 4 nm that was reproducible between batches. Ultracentrifugation processing after fabrication reduced the amount of Ag ions, when compared to the unprocessed suspensions. A fabrication method was developed which produced AgNPs with diameters between 10 and 20 nm. From this work, a standardized fabrication methodology was produced.
VibroAware: vibroacoustic sensing for interaction with paper on a surface (2022)

Vibroacoustic sensing is a method to investigate and enable tangible interaction on surfaces. One of the main challenges in this field is to make a sheet of paper on a surface interactive without either prefabrication or permanent instrumentation. This research presents VibroAware, a novel system that makes paper on a surface interactive as is by leveraging vibrations. The sheet of paper becomes interactive when users attach it to four thin piezoelectric transducers. Users interact with the sheet of paper on the surface by touching or blowing, which produces vibrations captured by our system. In this research, an algorithm is developed to enable localization and adapt to environmental noise without requiring analyzing material properties. VibroAware offers users the ability to test and prototype faster, and create interfaces using vibroacoustic sensing on a sheet of paper more intuitively. This research presents a future vision for using vibroacoustic sensing to enable interaction on a sheet of paper that opens opportunities to utilize inherent material properties, such as vibration.
High-K gate dielectrics (1999)

High-K dielectric thin films have been investigated as alternative gate dielectrics. Our results suggest that single-layer sputtered ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> or HfO<SUB>2</SUB> thin films deposited directly on Si substrate, without the use of a barrier layer, exhibit excellent electrical and reliability characteristics. Equivalent oxide thickness as thin as 9 angstrom with leakage current of about 10<SUP>-2</SUP> A/cm<SUP>2</SUP> was achieved. This is the lowest EOT value ever reported for ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> and HfO<SUB>2</SUB> thin films. Low charge- trapping, high breakdown field, and negligible stress- induced leakage currents have also been obtained.
Pyrite FeS2 microspheres wrapped by reduced graphene oxide as high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes (2015)

A composite of pyrite FeS<sub>2</sub> microspheres wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (FeS<sub>2</sub>/rGO) has been synthesized by a facile one-step solvothermal method and applied as an anode in lithium ion batteries (LIBs).
Effects of the probiotic formulation SLAB51 in in vitro and in vivo Parkinson’s disease models (2020)

© Castelli et al. Parkinson is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, including abnormalities in the gut function, which may appear before the motor sign. To date, there are treatments that can help relieve Parkinson' disease (PD)-associated symptoms, but there is no cure to control the onset and progression of this disorder. Altered components of the gut could represent a key role in gut-brain axis, which is a bidirectional system between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Diet can alter the microbiota composition, affecting gut-brain axis function. Gut microbiome restoration through selected probiotics' administration has been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of the novel formulation SLAB51 in PD. Our findings indicate that this probiotic formulation can counteract the detrimental effect of 6-OHDA in vitro and in vivo models of PD. The results suggest that SLAB51 can be a promising candidate for the prevention or as coadjuvant treatment of PD.
G-protein coupled signal transduction systems in the Alzheimer's disease brain (1994)

Conference Article| February 01 1994 G-protein coupled signal transduction systems in the Alzheimer's disease brain Cora O'Neill; Cora O'Neill ‡ *Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden ‡Address for correspondence: Dr Cora O'Neill, Department of Biochemistry, University College, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Christopher J. Fowler; Christopher J. Fowler †Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Preclinical R&D, Novum Unit, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Bengt Winblad; Bengt Winblad *Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Richard F. Cowburn Richard F. Cowburn *Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1994) 22 (1): 167–171. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0220167 Article history Received: September 24 1993 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Cora O'Neill, Christopher J. Fowler, Bengt Winblad, Richard F. Cowburn; G-protein coupled signal transduction systems in the Alzheimer's disease brain. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1994; 22 (1): 167–171. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0220167 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: AD, Alzheimer's disease, Gpp(NH)p, guanosine 5′(β-imido)diphosphate, [3H]8-OH-DPAT, [3H]8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin, CGP,; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine © 1994 Biochemical Society1994 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Perfusion imaging of the human brain at 1.5 T using a single‐shot EPI spin tagging approach (1996)

Single-shot echo planar imaging (EPI) techniques have been applied, in conjunction with arterial spin tagging approaches, to obtain images of cerebral blood flow in a single axial slice in the human brain. Serial studies demonstrate that cerebral blood flow images acquired in 8 min are reproducible, with a statistical precision of approximately +/-10 cc/100 g/min. The average value of cerebral blood flow in the slice is 51 +/- 11 cc/100 g/min for six normal subjects. The cerebral blood flow images contain two types of artifact, probably due to arterial and venous blood volume contributions, which must be overcome before the arterial spin tagging approach can be used for routine clinical studies.
Stabilization and functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications (2011)

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are used in a rapidly expanding number of research and practical applications in the biomedical field, including magnetic cell labeling separation and tracking, for therapeutic purposes in hyperthermia and drug delivery, and for diagnostic purposes, e.g., as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. These applications require good NP stability at physiological conditions, close control over NP size and controlled surface presentation of functionalities. This review is focused on different aspects of the stability of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs, from its practical definition to its implementation by molecular design of the dispersant shell around the iron oxide core and further on to its influence on the magnetic properties of the superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs. Special attention is given to the selection of molecular anchors for the dispersant shell, because of their importance to ensure colloidal and functional stability of sterically stabilized superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs. We further detail how dispersants have been optimized to gain close control over iron oxide NP stability, size and functionalities by independently considering the influences of anchors and the attached sterically repulsive polymer brushes. A critical evaluation of different strategies to stabilize and functionalize core-shell superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs as well as a brief introduction to characterization methods to compare those strategies is given.
Inhibition of Clathrin Assembly by High Affinity Binding of Specific Inositol Polyphosphates to the Synapse-specific Clathrin Assembly Protein AP-3 (1995)

Bacterially expressed synapse-specific clathrin assembly protein, AP-3 (F1-20/AP180/NP185/pp155), bound with high affinity both inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) (Kd = 239 nM) and diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (PP-InsP5) (Kd = 22 nM). The specificity of this ligand binding was demonstrated by competitive displacement of bound [3H]InsP6. IC50 values were as follows: PP-InsP5 = 50 nM, InsP6 = 240 nM, inositol-1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5) = 2.2 microM, inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5) = 5 microM, inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5)P4) > 10 microM, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) > 10 microM. Moreover, 10 microM inositol hexasulfate (InsS6) displaced only 15% of [3H]InsP6. The physiological significance of this binding is the ligand-specific inhibition of clathrin assembly (PP-InsP5 > InsP6 > Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5); Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 and InsS6 did not inhibit clathrin assembly. We also observed high affinity binding of InsP6 to purified bovine brain AP-3. We separately expressed the 33-kDa amino terminus and the 58-kDa carboxyl terminus, and it was the former that contained the high affinity inositol polyphosphate binding site. These studies suggest that specific inositol polyphosphates may play a role in the regulation of synaptic function by interacting with the synapse-specific clathrin assembly protein AP-3.
On the Mechanism of Action of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (1968)

Abstract Cycloheximide, administered to rats in amounts that block protein synthesis in the adrenals, inhibits the stimulation of corticosterone production by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). In the present studies the effect of the antibiotic on the pathway of adrenal steroid hormone production from acetate to corticosterone is investigated. It is concluded that cycloheximide blocks the action of ACTH by preventing the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone (3β-hydroxypregn-5-ene-20-one).