gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CAFE Standards and the Federal Gas Tax: Impact on Private Transit CO2 Emissions (2018)

The United States is the largest contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per capita in the world, and the majority of those emissions are created in the transportation sector. Two policies are often debated in regards to reducing gasoline consumption, and therefore CO2emissions: Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards (CAFE) and the Federal Gasoline Tax. Additionally, there are many policies that been considered at the federal level but not yet enacted, which may be effective at achieving the same goal. The CAFE Standards, alone, are not entirely successful. They place a significant burden on auto manufacturers to produce fuel-efficient vehicle technologies that are not valued by American consumers at the current gasoline tax rate. The Federal Gasoline Tax incentivizes consumers to purchase more fuel-efficient vehicles produced by manufacturers. An increase in the tax is needed as less fuel-efficient vehicles are growing in popularity in response to low gas prices. However, the political feasibility of a substantially increased Federal Gasoline Tax is improbable. The CAFE Standards have proven effective at reducing gasoline consumption, however are contingent on American’s want to purchase fuel efficient vehicles. An increase in the Federal Gas Tax creates an effective economic incentive for American’s to purchase fuel-efficient vehicles. Therefore, the combination of the two policies are optimal, thereby mandating increased supply and increasing consumer demand.
Ferrocene-containing thermotropic liquid crystals: laterally connected twins (1996)

A novel type of liquid crystalline ferrocene derivatives has been synthesised and investigated. These metallomesogens consist of two rod-like 4,4″-disubstituted p-terphenyl rigid cores which are laterally connected to each other via spacers incorporating 1,1′-disubstituted ferrocene units. These materials have broad smectic A mesophases and considerably increased mesomorphic ranges in comparison to the structurally related derivatives incorporating a 1,4-disubstituted benzene ring instead of the ferrocene unit in the spacer. For comparison, a molecule consisting of a single 4,4″-disubstituted p-terphenyl unit carrying a lateral ferrocene substituent and the corresponding benzoate were also prepared and investigated.
Influence of spatial resolution on the accuracy of quantitative myocardial perfusion in first pass stress perfusion CMR (2014)

Angular averaging preserves more information compared to transmural averaging. Reducing resolution level below 50% at transmural and 20% at angular direction results in losing information about transmural perfusion differences. Maximum voxel size of 2 × 2 mm(2) is necessary to avoid loss of physiological information due to spatial averaging.
System structure for software fault tolerance (1975)

The paper presents, and discusses the rationale behind, a method for structuring complex computing systems by the use of what we term “recovery blocks”, “conversations” and “fault-tolerant interfaces”. The aim is to facilitate the provision of dependable error detection and recovery facilities which can cope with errors caused by residual design inadequacies, particularly in the system software, rather than merely the occasional malfunctioning of hardware components.
Advances in the Staging and Phenotyping of Cardiogenic Shock (2022)

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a heterogeneous syndrome reflecting a broad spectrum of shock severity, diverse etiologies, variable cardiac function, different hemodynamic trajectories, and concomitant organ dysfunction. These factors influence the clinical presentation, management, response to therapy, and outcomes of CS patients, necessitating a tailored approach to care. To better understand the variability inherent to CS populations, recent algorithms for staging the severity of CS have been described and validated. This paper is part 1 of a 2-part state-of-the-art review. In this first article, we consider the context for clinical staging and stratification in CS with a focus on established severity staging systems for CS and their use for risk stratification and clinical care. We describe the use of staging for predicting outcomes in populations with or at risk for CS, including risk modifiers that provide more nuanced risk stratification, and highlight how these approaches may allow individualized care.
A Field Study of Coliform Mastitis in Sows (1975)

Three sows with agalactia and mastitis were compared with 3 normally lactating sows at 8, 16, 24, and 32 hours postpartum. Bacteriologic examination of milk resulted in isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae or Escherichia coli from affected glands of all 3 agalactic sows. Milk from clinically normal glands of affected sows and from glands of normal sows was culture-negative for coliforms. Affected sows had higher rectal temperatures and lower milk yields, and pigs from affected sows had lower mean weights, but these differences were not significant. Mean total white blood cell counts and plasma protein to fibrinogen ratios were lower in mastitic sows at all 4 periods; differences were significant at certain periods in both cases. Evidence indicated that leukopenia appeared early, 8 to 16 hours postpartum, and was followed by increasing plasma fibrinogen content. Packed cell volumes and plasma concentrations of corticoid, estrone, and estradiol did not differ. Plasma progesterone content was higher in mastitic sows at all periods, but the differences were not significant.
Dietary Cation-Anion Difference and the Health and Production of Pasture-Fed Dairy Cows. 1. Dairy Cows in Early Lactation (2003)

Diets offered to lactating dairy cows in the pasture-based dairy systems in southeastern Australia can vary in their dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) from 0 to +76 mEq/100 g. The effects of such a range of DCAD on the health and production of cows, on a predominantly pasture-based diet, were examined in an indoor feeding experiment. Four groups of five cows were offered a diet of 5 kg of barley and ad libitum pasture, which is a diet representative of what is offered to cows in early lactation in the region. The cows were supplemented twice daily, with varying levels of salt combinations to alter the DCAD, which ranged from +21 to +127 mEq/100 g. Although a reduction in DCAD to +21 mEq/100 g caused a nonrespiratory systemic acidosis, there was a threshold value, above which blood and urine pH did not appear affected, although the strong ion difference of blood and urine and the blood bicarbonate concentration increased linearly (P < 0.05, 0.001, and 0.01, respectively). A DCAD above +21 mEq/100 g linearly reduced dry matter intake (P < 0.1), average daily bodyweight gain (P < 0.05), and milk protein yield (P < 0.05) but did not have a significant effect on the concentration of fat, protein, or lactose in milk. Although data were consistent with a tendency for milk yield to decrease as dietary cation-anion differences increased, this trend was not statistically significant. Urine hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio increased (P < 0.001) as dietary cation-anion difference increased, possibly suggesting an increased rate of uterine involution. It is concluded that a range in the dietary cation-anion difference, above +52 mEq/100 g, may have deleterious effects on dry matter intake and milk production.
Cloning, characterization and regulation of expression of a cold-acclimation-specific gene, cas18, in a freezing tolerant cultivar of alfalfa (1992)

4.1 have devcloped a oeil suspension culture system of the most freezing tolcrant alfalfa cultivar identified in our previous studies.Medicago fa/cala cv.Anik.This system has proved very useful for detailed analyses of cold-inducible gene expression and signal transduction pathways. S.1 have demonstrated that casJ8 is expressed in ccII suspension cultures in a manner which is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the pattern of expression seen in seedlings.Expression is inducible and reversible: transcripts accumulate in response to low temperatures (SoC) and rapidly disappear upon return to nonacclimating temperatures (25C). 6.1 have shown that the expressIOn of casJ8 is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.vi
Role of Herpes Simplex Virus ICP0 in the Transactivation of Genes Introduced by Infection or Transfection: a Reappraisal (2010)

ICP0, a promiscuous transactivator that enhances the expression of genes introduced by infection or transfection, functions in both nucleus and cytoplasm. The nuclear functions include degradation and dispersal of ND10 bodies and suppression of silencing of viral DNA. Subsequently, ICP0 shifts to the cytoplasm. Transfection of DNA prior to infection has no effect on the localization of ICP0 in cells that are efficient expressers of transgenes (e.g., Vero and HEK293) but results in delayed cytoplasmic localization of ICP0 in cells (e.g., HEp-2 and HEL) that are poor transgene expressers. Here, we examined by real-time PCR (qPCR) the accumulation of a transgene and of viral gI mRNAs in Vero or HEp-2 cells that were transfected and then infected with wild-type or DeltaICP0 mutant viruses. The accumulation of transgene mRNA was unaffected by a DeltaICP0 mutant, gradually increased in HEp-2 cells, but increased and then decreased in Vero cells infected with wild-type virus. In both cell lines, accumulation of gI mRNA increased with time and was less affected by the transfected DNA in Vero cells than in HEp-2 cells. The relative kinetics of mRNA accumulation reflected continued synthesis and degradation of the transgene and gI mRNAs. We conclude that the role of ICP0 is to render the DNA templates introduced by transfection or infection accessible by transcriptional factors, that the two cell lines differ with respect to the transcription-ready status of entering foreign DNA in the nucleus, and that ICP0 is not per se the recruiter of transcriptional factors to the accessible DNA templates.
HandiViz project:a low-cost driving assistance for electrical wheelchair (2015)

Healthcare Technology Days (CareTECH), Kent University, UK. 2015
FePt nanodot arrays with perpendicular easy axis, large coercivity, and extremely high density (2007)

Ordered FePt nanodot arrays with extremely high density have been developed by physical vapor deposition using porous alumina templates as evaporation masks. Nanodot diameter of 18nm and periodicity of 25nm have been achieved, resulting in an areal density exceeding 1×1012dots∕in.2. Rapid thermal annealing converts the disordered fcc to L10 phase, resulting in (001)-oriented FePt nanodot arrays with perpendicular anisotropy and large coercivity, without the need of epitaxy. High anisotropy and coercivity, perpendicular easy axis orientation and extremely high density are desirable features for future magnetic data storage media applications.
Uncovering molecular events associated with the chemosuppressive effects of flaxseed: a microarray analysis of the laying hen model of ovarian cancer (2014)

We suggest that nutritional intervention with flaxseed targets the pathways regulating branching morphogenesis and thereby alters the progression of ovarian cancer.
Steroid total synthesis. IX. Alternative routes to (+-)- and (+)-estr-4-ene-3,17-dione and (+-)-13.beta.-ethylgon-4-ene-3,17-dione via novel nitrile intermediates (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroid total synthesis. IX. Alternative routes to (+-)- and (+)-estr-4-ene-3,17-dione and (+-)-13.beta.-ethylgon-4-ene-3,17-dione via novel nitrile intermediatesN. Cohen, B. Banner, R. Borer, R. Mueller, R. Yang, M. Rosenberger, and G. SaucyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 22, 3385–3392Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00795a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00795a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prevalence ofToxoplasma gondiifrom Free-Range Chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2013)

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) is a good indicator of the environmental contamination with oocysts because chickens become infected mainly by feeding from ground, feed, or soil contaminated with oocysts. The seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies in 125 free-range chickens from the Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test; 48 of 125 (38.4%) chickens were seropositive, with titers of 1:5 in 14, 1:10 in 12, 1:20 in 14, 1: 40 in 3, 1: 80 in 1, 1:160 in 1, 1:320 in 1, and ≥1:640 in 2 chickens. The hearts of 115 chickens were bioassayed for T. gondii infection. Hearts of 72 seronegative (modified agglutination test [MAT] < 1:5) chickens were pooled in 4 groups (20 + 18 + 19 + 15) and fed to 4 T. gondii -free cats; none of these 4 cats shed oocysts in their feces examined 3-21 days after feeding chicken tissues. Hearts of 43 seropositive chickens (MAT ≥ 1:5) were bioassayed individually in mice. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from only 1 chicken, with a MAT titer of 1:80. This isolate was designated TgCKEt1 and was not pathogenic for outbred mice. Restricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) genotyping using 10 loci indicated the TgCKEt1 was ToxoDB polymerase chain reaction-RFLP genotype #1 (Type II clonal). Results of this study indicate very low environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts around Addis Ababa.
A Solvent-Resistant, Thermoplastic Poly(imidesulfone) (1983)

Process for preparing thermoplastic poly(imidesulfone) results in material having excellent thermoplastic properties generally associated with polysulfones and excellent solvent resistance generally associated with polyimides. New thermoplastic, solvent-resistant polymer is used as molding resin, as adhesive, and as matrix resin for fiber reinforced composites.
Sensor-Based Integration of Full-Body Object Manipulation Based on Strategy Selection in a Life-Sized Humanoid Robot (2011)

The novel method we propose involves a humanoid robot manipulating objects of varying size and weight. How an object is manipulated is generally determined by size and weight. The motion generation system we developed 1) utilizes manipulation strategies defined by which contact points on the robot are to be used, 2) selects the adequate manipulation strategy based on the object, and 3) generates a full-body posture sequence for the humanoid robot with controlled reaction forces and full-body balance using the manipulation strategy as an initial condition. Our system enables the robot to manipulate an object of weight thanks to multiple strategies. Our method’s effectiveness is confirmed in experiments in which a humanoid robot manipulates six different types of objects.
An adaptive digital control of current source inverter suitable for parallel processing inverter systems (2002)

This paper presents a description, steady state analysis, modeling and digital control design of a single-phase CSI power supply system in stand-alone mode. The multi-functional features associated with modern parallel processing inverter systems can be realized with the proposed bidirectional power conversion scheme. A detailed power circuit and controller description of the proposed power supply system are given. The steady-state analysis of the system is performed. Continuous-time state-space model of the system and discrete-time and DARMA models of a single-phase CSI are derived. An adaptive discrete-time controller for CSI is designed in order to obtain fast transient response and low total harmonic distortion of the output voltage waveform. An adaptive controller for DC choppers is designed in order to reduce the DC link inductor and optimize its dynamic performance. DC link and output filter design is performed and a systematic design procedure with a design example are presented. A number of simulations are presented to illustrate the performance of the system.
A Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties Of As Cast And Heat Treated Al6063-MWCNT Composite Fabricated By Stir Casting Process (2018)

The Expansion of manufacturing industries has somewhere led to the increase in the use of composite materials. Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) are the advanced and new age materials that find application in sectors like automotive, aerospace, rail components, defense etc. because of their light weight, high strength, good corrosion, wear resistance and low thermal coefficient of expansion. Among the different methods of manufacturing MMCs, Stir casting process is one of the most important and economical method. The present work is about the preparation of aluminium Matrix Composite by stir casting technique, where Al 6063 is the matrix or the base metal and 2% by Weight of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in powder form is the reinforcement material. Microstructure analysis will be done in order to observe the distribution of CNT particles in the Al matrix. The specimens will also be subjected to heat treatment before being tested. The ASTM standard specimens will then be tested for wear, tensile, compression, Impact and hardness to compare the results. The major objective of this work is to compare the mechanical properties of both As-cast and heat treated test samples for the aluminium 6063-MWCNT composite fabricated by means of stir casting process and hence compare the results.
Supplementary Movie 5 from O-GlcNAcylation Enhances Double-Strand Break Repair, Promotes Cancer Cell Proliferation, and Prevents Therapy-Induced Senescence in Irradiated Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Time-lapse live cell imaging of caspase-3/7 activation in irradiated Panc02 cells treated with PUGNAc or alloxan&lt;/p&gt;
The influence of soil pH on the diversity, abundance and transcriptional activity of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria (2008)

Autotrophic ammonia oxidation occurs in acid soils, even though laboratory cultures of isolated ammonia oxidizing bacteria fail to grow below neutral pH. To investigate whether archaea possessing ammonia monooxygenase genes were responsible for autotrophic nitrification in acid soils, the community structure and phylogeny of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea were determined across a soil pH gradient (4.9-7.5) by amplifying 16S rRNA and amoA genes followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequence analysis. The structure of both communities changed with soil pH, with distinct populations in acid and neutral soils. Phylogenetic reconstructions of crenarchaeal 16S rRNA and amoA genes confirmed selection of distinct lineages within the pH gradient and high similarity in phylogenies indicated a high level of congruence between 16S rRNA and amoA genes. The abundance of archaeal and bacterial amoA gene copies and mRNA transcripts contrasted across the pH gradient. Archaeal amoA gene and transcript abundance decreased with increasing soil pH, while bacterial amoA gene abundance was generally lower and transcripts increased with increasing pH. Short-term activity was investigated by DGGE analysis of gene transcripts in microcosms containing acidic or neutral soil or mixed soil with pH readjusted to that of native soils. Although mixed soil microcosms contained identical archaeal ammonia oxidizer communities, those adapted to acidic or neutral pH ranges showed greater relative activity at their native soil pH. Findings indicate that different bacterial and archaeal ammonia oxidizer phylotypes are selected in soils of different pH and that these differences in community structure and abundances are reflected in different contributions to ammonia oxidizer activity. They also suggest that both groups of ammonia oxidizers have distinct physiological characteristics and ecological niches, with consequences for nitrification in acid soils.
WE-C-332-09: Effect of Massive-Training ANNs On the Performance of a CAD System On “missed” Polyps in CT Colonography (2008)

Purpose: A major challenge in computer-aided detection (CAD) of polyps in CT colonography (CTC) is the detection of “difficult” polyps which radiologists are likely to miss. Our purpose was to develop a CAD system incorporating massive-training artificial neural networks (MTANNs) for the detection of polyps and evaluate its performance on polyps “missed” by radiologists in a large multicenter clinical trial. Method and Materials: Our database consists of CTC scans obtained from a multicenter clinical trial in which 15 leading medical institutions participated nationwide. For testing our CAD system, we randomly selected 14 polyps/masses in 14 patients that were “missed” by radiologists in the trial. Lesion sizes ranged from 6–35 mm, with an average of 10 mm. We developed a CAD system consisting of 1) colon segmentation based on CT value-based analysis and colon tracing, 2) detection of polyp candidates based on morphologic analysis on the segmented colon, 3) calculation of 3D pattern features of the polyp candidates, and 4) classification of the polyp candidates as polyps or non-polyps by use of a classifier. We tested two different classifiers for step 4): quadratic discriminant analysis based on the pattern features and our original 3D MTANNs. Results: With our CAD system based on quadratic discriminant analysis, we achieved 43% (6/14) by-patient sensitivity with 5.6 (78/14) false positive detections (FPs) per patient for the 14 “missed” polyps in a leave-one-lesion-out test. We replaced quadratic discriminant analysis with 3D MTANNs, and obtained 71.4% (10/14) sensitivity with 4.8 (67/14) FPs per patient. Conclusion: The performance of 3D MTANNs was superior to that of quadratic discriminant analysis. With our CAD system based on the 3D MTANNs, 71.4% of polyps “missed” by radiologists in the multicenter clinical trial were detected correctly, with an FP rate of 4.8 FPs per patient.