gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of transient treatment with 6-N-propyl-2-thiouracil on testis development and function in breeder turkeys (1999)

Experiments were conducted to address recent reports of precocial testis development or testicular hypertrophy induced by the anti-thyroid agent 6-N-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in domestic fowl and rodents. In three experiments, PTU was administered to male turkeys during different stages of development. The PTU was given in the feed at a concentration of either 0.1 or 0.5% and effects on thyroid hormones were measured. Periods of PTU treatment were 8 to 16 or 10 to 18 wk of age (Experiment 1); 0 to 8, 0 to 16, and 8 to 16 wk of age (Experiment 2); and 8 to 16 and 20 to 35 wk of age (Experiment 3). Data were collected to determine the effect of PTU treatment on testicular growth (weight), sexual maturation (semen onset and plasma testosterone concentrations), and early adult testicular function in terms of semen quantity (semen volume and sperm concentration) and quality (sperm viability and fertilizing ability). The 0.1% PTU treatment at 8 to 16 wk of age in Experiment 1 resulted in greater testis weights and sperm production than those of untreated controls at 24 wk of age. The difference was absent by 36 wk of age. Likewise, in Experiment 2, onset of semen production was advanced by about 2 wk by the 8 to 16 wk treatment as compared to untreated controls (23.3 vs 25.9 wk), although, at 32 and 36 wk of age neither the quantity nor quality of semen were significantly affected. Also in Experiment 2, 0.1% PTU treatment from 0 to 8 or 0 to 16 wk of age delayed the onset of semen production and depressed semen volumes at 32 and 36 wk of age without affecting semen quality. In Experiment 3, the mean age at the onset of semen was not significantly affected by 0.5% PTU treatment from 8 to 16 or 20 to 35 wk of age. In addition, semen volume and quality at 32 and 36 wk of age was similar to controls. It was concluded that antithyroid treatment with PTU was dependent on dose and time of treatment for effects on both sexual development and early reproductive performance. Precocial development and associated hypertrophy of the testes occurred but was transient. Thereafter, during initial reproductive function, semen quantity and quality were normal.
Droplet: A Distributed Solution of Data Deduplication (2012)

Creating backup copies is the most commonly used technique to protect from data loss. In order to increase reliability, doing routinely backup is a best practice. Such backup activities will create multiple redundant data streams which is not economic to be directly stored on disk. Similarly, enterprise archival systems usually deal with redundant data, which needs to be stored for later accessing. Deduplication is an essential technique used under these situations, which could avoid storing identical data segments, and thus saves a significant portion of disk usage. Also, recent studies have shown that deduplication could also effectively reduce the disk space used to store virtual machine (VM) disk images. We present droplet, a distributed deduplication storage system that has been designed for high throughput and scalability. Droplet strips input data streams onto multiple storage nodes, thus limits number of stored data segments on each node and ensures the fingerprint index could be fitted into memory. The in-memory finger index avoids the disk bottleneck discussed in Data Domain, ChunkStash and provides excellent lookup performance. The buffering layer in droplet provides good write performance for small data segments. Compression on date segments reduces disk usage one step further.
High-performance designs with CMOS analog standard cells (1986)

The authors describe an approach to the design of complex analog functions comprising the major functions normally encountered in analog systems using a library of 3-/spl mu/m CMOS analog cells. It is shown that through the use of a fixed-height cell system and a predefined connection system, circuits can be designed that suffer little, if any, area penalty when compared to a full custom layout. In addition, the overall system performance achieved can equal that of some full custom designs.
A Phase I/II study of paclitaxel and doxorubicin in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. (1996)

We designed a clinical study in which fixed doses of doxorubicin were infused by intravenous bolus 16 hours before escalating doses of paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, princeton, NJ) for the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer, an interval selected to allow systemic clearance of doxorubicin before administration of paclitaxel in an outpatient setting. Courses of fixed-dose doxorubicin 50 mg/m2 by intravenous bolus and paclitaxel (doses escalated from 130 mg/m2 to 250 mg/m2 via dose escalation of 30 mg/m2) were repeated every 21 days, to a maximum of eight cycles. Maximum tolerated dose was reached if two or more of six patients at a given dose level were affected by the following events: absolute neutrophil count less than 500/microliter for > or = 7 days, absolute neutrophil count less than 100/microliter for > or = 3 days, insufficient hematopoietic recovery with absolute neutrophil count less than 1,500/microliter on day 21, febrile neutropenia, grade 4 thrombocytopenia, any World Health Organization grade 3 nonhematologic toxicity for more than 7 days. There were 19 patients enrolled; the patients received a total of 128 treatment courses. Grade 4 neutropenia was the main side effect, occurring in 20% of courses but generally not associated with clinical events. No relevant clinical cardiac toxicity or alteration of left ventricular ejection fraction was observed. Other toxicities included complete alopecia, mild peripheral neuropathy, and mild myalgia. There was a reduction of one dose level for moderate myalgia in one patient (190 mg/m2 level). Complete alopecia was always present. Maximum tolerated dose was not reached at paclitaxel 250 mg/m2. Ultimately, the introduction of this combination in the adjuvant setting is warranted.
Butanedione Monoxime Suppresses Contraction and ATPase Activity of Rabbit Skeletal Muscle1 (1989)

The effects of 2,3-butanedione 2-monoxime (BDM) on mechanical responses of glycerinated fibers and the ATPase activity of heavy meromyosin (HMM) and myofibrils have been studied using rabbit skeletal muscle. The mechanical responses and the ATPase activity were measured in similar conditions (ionic strength 0.06-0.2 M, 0.4-4 mM MgATP, 0-20 mM BDM, 2-20 degrees C and pH 7.0). BDM reversibly reduced the isometric tension, shortening speed, and instantaneous stiffness of the fibers. BDM also inhibited myofibrillar and HMM ATPase activities. The inhibitory effect on the relative ATPase activity of HMM was not influenced by the addition of actin or troponin-tropomyosin-actin. High temperature and low ionic strength weakened BDM's suppression of contraction of the fibers and the ATPase activity of contracting myofibrils, but not of the HMM, acto-HMM and relaxed myofibrillar ATPase activity. The size of the initial phosphate burst at 20 degrees C was independent of the concentration of BDM. These results suggest that the suppression of contraction of muscle fibers is due mainly to direct action of BDM on the myosin molecules.
Neo‐kyotorphin (Thr—Ser—Lys—Tyr—Arg), a new analgesic peptide (1983)

The amino acid sequence of a newly isolated pentapeptide, neo‐kyotorphin from bovine brain was synthetically verified to be Thr‐Ser‐Lys‐Tyr‐Arg corresponding to the C‐terminal portion of hemoglobin α‐chain. The synthetic neo‐kyotorphin showed the dose‐dependent analgesia in mice which was approximately equal to that of Leu‐enkephalin.
On the motion of incompressible viscous fluid with flotation on free surface (1993)

None
Information security risk reduction based on genetic algorithm (2012)

Nowadays, information systems comprise a crucial part of organizations; by losing security, these organizations will lose plenty of competitive advantages as well. The core point of information security (InfoSecu) is risk management. There are a great deal of research works and standards in security risk management (ISRM) including NIST 800-30 and ISO/IEC 27005. However, only few works of research focus on InfoSecu risk reduction, and while the standards explain general principles and guidelines, they do not provide any implementation details regarding ISRM. Reducing the InfoSecu risks in uncertain environments is painstaking. Thus, this paper applied a genetic algorithm (GA) for InfoSecu risk reduction in uncertainty. Finally, the effectiveness of the applied method was verified through an example.
The hydrocarbon‐degrading marine bacterium C obetia sp. strain MM1IDA2H ‐1 produces a biosurfactant that interferes with quorum sensing of fish pathogens by signal hijacking (2013)

Biosurfactants are produced by hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacteria in response to the presence of water-insoluble hydrocarbons. This is believed to facilitate the uptake of hydrocarbons by bacteria. However, these diffusible amphiphilic surface-active molecules are involved in several other biological functions such as microbial competition and intra- or inter-species communication. We report the isolation and characterization of a marine bacterial strain identified as Cobetia sp. MM1IDA2H-1, which can grow using the sulfur-containing heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dibenzothiophene (DBT). As with DBT, when the isolated strain is grown in the presence of a microbial competitor, it produces a biosurfactant. Because the obtained biosurfactant was formed by hydroxy fatty acids and extracellular lipidic structures were observed during bacterial growth, we investigated whether the biosurfactant at its critical micelle concentration can interfere with bacterial communication systems such as quorum sensing. We focused on Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, a fish pathogen whose virulence relies on quorum sensing signals. Using biosensors for quorum sensing based on Chromobacterium violaceum and Vibrio anguillarum, we showed that when the purified biosurfactant was mixed with N-acyl homoserine lactones produced by A. salmonicida, quorum sensing was inhibited, although bacterial growth was not affected. In addition, the transcriptional activities of A. salmonicida virulence genes that are controlled by quorum sensing were repressed by both the purified biosurfactant and the growth in the presence of Cobetia sp. MM1IDA2H-1. We propose that the biosurfactant, or the lipid structures interact with the N-acyl homoserine lactones, inhibiting their function. This could be used as a strategy to interfere with the quorum sensing systems of bacterial fish pathogens, which represents an attractive alternative to classical antimicrobial therapies in fish aquaculture.
Sexual Activity and Marital Relationships in a Sample of Tunisian Schizophrenic Patients: Comparison with Healthy Controls (2011)

Background Sexual activity and marital status have received little attention as an important aspect of schizophrenic patients’ care. Objective This study aimed to compare sexual activity, including sexual intercourses with a partner and masturbation, and marital relationships in patients with schizophrenia and in healthy controls. Materials and method A consecutive sample of 109 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria of schizophrenia was constituted in psychiatry department of Farhat Hached hospital (Sousse, Tunisia), during a 24 months period. They were drug naïve or drug free for at least three months. 109 age and gender matched, consenting controls were recruited among blood donors. They were free from psychotic disorders as screened by MINI-PLUS. Sexual activity assessment involved sexual intercourses with a partner and masturbation. Results Patients with schizophrenia were less often married than healthy controls (18.3% vs. 54.1%; p &lt; 10 -3 ). Also, they had less often a sexual partner (42.2% vs. 70.8%; p &lt; 10 -3 ) than healthy controls. They reported similar rates of sexual activity (77.1% vs. 86.2%), but less regular sexual intercourses (11.1% vs. 48.1%; p &lt; 10 -3 ) than healthy controls. Also, they reported higher rate (59.6% vs. 24.8%; p &lt; 10 -3 ) and higher prevalence during the last month (9.7 ± 9 vs. 5.04 ± 8; p = 0.017) of masturbatory activity. Conclusion In spite of lower prevalence of marital relationships, schizophrenic patients reported as frequent sexual activity as healthy controls. This sexual activity seems to be related to higher prevalence of masturbatory activity, which may be explained by their difficulties to be involved in relationship with a sexual partner.
Reconstruction of the Synthetic W7984 × Opata M85 wheat reference population (2011)

Reference populations are valuable resources in genetics studies for determining marker order, marker selection, trait mapping, construction of large-insert libraries, cross-referencing marker platforms, and genome sequencing. Reference populations can be propagated indefinitely, they are polymorphic and have normal segregation. Described are two new reference populations who share the same parents of the original wheat reference population Synthetic W7984 (Altar84/ Aegilops tauschii (219) CIGM86.940) x Opata M85, an F(1)-derived doubled haploid population (SynOpDH) of 215 inbred lines and a recombinant inbred population (SynOpRIL) of 2039 F(6) lines derived by single-plant self-pollinations. A linkage map was constructed for the SynOpDH population using 1446 markers. In addition, a core set of 42 SSR markers was genotyped on SynOpRIL. A new approach to identifying a core set of markers used a step-wise selection protocol based on polymorphism, uniform chromosome distribution, and reliability to create nested sets starting with one marker per chromosome, followed by two, four, and six. It is suggested that researchers use these markers as anchors for all future mapping projects to facilitate cross-referencing markers and chromosome locations. To enhance this public resource, researchers are strongly urged to validate line identities and deposit their data in GrainGenes so that others can benefit from the accumulated information.
Controlling the channel diameter of the mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 (1997)

We describe a simple method of controlling the channel diameter of the mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 in the 26.1–36.5 Å range and the wall thickness in the 13.4–26.8 Å range while using the same gel mixture. This is achieved by varying the synthesis temperature in the 70–200°C range and/or reaction times in the 0.5–96 h range. The unit cell parameter, channel diameter, thickness of the channel wall, surface area, degree of polymerization and grain morphology were monitored by X-ray diffraction, N 2 adsorption, 29 Si magic-angle-spinning NMR and transmission electron microscopy. MCM-41 with wider and thicker-walled channels and higher degree of polymerization is prepared at higher temperatures and at longer reaction times. Thick-wall MCM-41 has higher thermal stability but lower surface area. The material with the thickest channel wall ever reported (26.8 Å) can withstand calcination at nearly 1000°C with little structural damage. We suggest a mechanism for the increase of wall thickness and channel diameter. Fascinating morphological features involving sealed silicate ‘tubes’ and ‘vesicles’ up to 1200 Å in diameter are observed.
Simultaneous measurements of shock waves, sonoluminescence flashes, and high-speed video of cavitation in high-quality factor resonators at high static pressures. (2011)

Violent cavitation activity has been observed in water under hundreds of bars static pressure using Impulse Devices spherical resonators. To better understand the extreme conditions inside and in the immediate vicinity of the collapsing bubbles, we simultaneously recorded multi-frame shadowgraph images, acoustic pressure, and sonoluminescence (SL) flashes from the bubbles. Images of bubbles and shock waves were captured using a V710 Phantom high-speed camera (400 000 frames/s). The tip of a fiber-optic probe hydrophone was positioned in the field of view of the camera to correlate acoustic pressure with shadowgraph images of shock waves and bubble dynamics. SL flashes were collected with two photomultiplier tubes (PMTs, Hamamatsu, 1-ns rise time). The PMTs had identical ultraviolet filters but different sensitivities to extend the dynamic range from a single to thousands of photons. Typically a single bubble was spontaneously nucleated at the center of the sphere. After the first collapse, the bubble reemerged as a cluster of bubbles. The relationships among the static pressure, driving acoustic amplitude, the maximum bubble size, SL flashes, and shock wave amplitude will be discussed and compared with numerical results obtained using the hydrocode HYADES. [Funded by Impulse Devices, Inc. ACPT contract W9113M-07-C-0178.]
Location Selection Determinants of Korean Foreign Direct Investment : Chaebols versus Non-Chaebols (2010)

This study analyzed the location selection determinants of Korean foreign direct investment (KFDI) from the perspectives of OLI paradigm and resource- and knowledge-based views. The study involved a sample of 1,911 Korean multinational enterprises (MNEs) and their 3,095 foreign subsidiaries during the period of 1999-2004. Specifically, the study compared the differences of foreign direct investment (FDI) location decisions 1) between less-developed and developed countries (LDCs and DCs) and 2) between chaebols and non-chaebols. The results showed that the partitioned sample model of chaebols versus non-chabols was found to have more significant effects on the location decision between the two regions than the combined full sample model. In addition, the results showed that there are clear, effectual differences for subsidiary scale and prior host country experience between chaebols and non-chaebols.
Formation of carbon nanoclusters by implantation of keV carbon ions in fused silica followed by thermal annealing (2005)

In the last decade, the synthesis and characterization of nanometer sized carbon clusters have attracted growing interest within the scientific community. This is due to both scientific interest in the process of diamond nucleation and growth, and to the promising technological applications in nanoelectronics and quantum communications and computing. Our research group has demonstrated that MeV carbon ion implantation in fused silica followed by thermal annealing in the presence of hydrogen leads to the formation of nanocrystalline diamond, with cluster size ranging from 5 to 40 nm. In the present paper, we report the synthesis of carbon nanoclusters by the implantation into fused silica of keV carbon ions using the Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PIII) technique, followed by thermal annealing in forming gas (4% H in Ar). The present study is aimed at evaluating this implantation technique that has the advantage of allowing high fluence-rates on large substrates. The carbon nanostructures have been characterized with optical absorption and Raman spectroscopies, cross sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Parallel Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (PEELS). Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) has been employed to evaluate the deuterium incorporation during the annealing process, as a key mechanism to stabilize the formation of the clusters. 2
Blind adaptive and iterative algorithms for decision feedback DS-CDMA receivers in dispersive channels (2005)

In this paper we examine blind adaptive and iterative decision feedback (DF) receivers for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems in frequency selective channels. Code-constrained minimum variance (CMV) and constant modulus (CCM) design criteria for DF receivers based on constrained optimization techniques are investigated for scenarios subject to multipath. Computationally efficient blind adaptive recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms are developed for estimating the parameters of DF detectors along with successive, parallel and iterative DF structures. A new successive parallel arbitrated DF scheme is presented and combined with iterative techniques for use with cascaded DF stages for mitigating the deleterious effects of error propagation. Simulations for an uplink scenario assess the new blind algorithms, DF structures and the effects of error propagation of the new techniques
Implementing a noise protected logical qubit in methyl groups via microwave irradiation (2017)

We propose a proof-of-principle experiment to encode one logical qubit in noise protected subspace of three identical spins in a methyl group. The symmetry analysis of the wavefunction shows that this fermionic system exhibits a symmetry correlation between the spatial degree of freedom and the spin degree of freedom. We show that one can use this correlation to populate the noiseless subsystem by relying on the interaction between the electric dipole moment of the methyl group with a circularly polarized microwave field. Logical gates are implemented by controlling both the intensity and phase of the applied field.
Two Degree of Freedom Control Synthesis With Applications to Agricultural Systems (2014)

This paper presents a two degree of freedom (DOF) controller for combine harvester header height control (HHC). Fundamental limitations to the tracking and disturbance rejection bandwidth for feedback control designs exist in the HHC system due to the considerable actuator delay and underactuated and noncollocated mechanical design. In this work, we utilize H∞ optimal control design to ensure closed-loop stability and robust performance, and augment the feedback loop with a feedforward control structure based on readily available global positioning system (GPS) information. The GPS provides anticipatory information of the field map elevation; albeit with noise, resolution limits, and latency. The elevation changes result in disturbances to the header height control problem and the feedforward controller uses the knowledge of the field to increase the overall disturbance rejection bandwidth. Simulation and experimental results illustrate the performance improvements resulting from the 2-DOF design over the stand alone feedback controller, which removes a long standing obstacle in increasing the harvesting productivity. Additionally, an error analysis examines the effect of uncertainties from system modeling and field map measurements on the system performance.
Hydrogel lens monomer constituents modulate protein sorption. (2000)

Negatively charged carboxyl groups of the MAA constituent may influence lysozyme sorption in two ways: by electrostatic attraction and by increasing the possibility for the small lysozyme molecule to penetrate the hydrogels. Interactions of the surface lactam groups of NVP with proteins may be attributable to the attraction of proteins to NVP. Water content is not a primary factor in determining protein adsorption. It appears that the monomer constituents, such as MAA or NVP, control protein adsorption.
A STATISTICAL EXAMINATION OF CONDUCTIVITY VALUES FOR ASEPTICALLY DRAWN MILK SUPPLIES (1949)

Summary 1. The electrical conductivity of quarter milk samples was compared with a number of indirect tests. 2. The differences between the conductivities of four quarters of an udder were assessed by deducting the lowest value recorded from the other three values. (degrees above normal, D.A.N.)