gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1955. Novel Compound Reverses Vancomycin Resistance in Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) (2019)

Abstract Background Enterococcus causes 14% of all hospital-associated infections (HAIs) according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data. 35.5% of these HAIs are caused by Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) including highly fatal bacteremia, surgical site infections, and urinary tract infections. We present a novel synthetic compound, HSD 03-21 that could make VRE completely susceptible to vancomycin in-vitro. Methods HSD 03-21 was synthesized de novo from a hydroxybenzylidene – indolinone backbone in our laboratory. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of HSD 03-21 and vancomycin against VRE were determined according to clinical laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. The standard checkerboard assay was used to determine vancomycin-HSD 03-21 interactions against VRE. Briefly, HSD 03-21 and vancomycin at 10 mg/mL were prepared and diluted serially along the ordinate and abscissa of 96-well microtiter plates, respectively. Bacteria was standardized using the 0.5 McFarland standard, diluted (1:100), aliquoted into respective wells and incubated at 37oC for 18–20 hours. All assays were run in triplicates. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index was calculated for each combination. The FIC of either agent was calculated as: FIC (vancomycin) = MIC of vancomycin in combination/MIC of vancomycin alone and FIC (HSD 03-21) = MIC of HSD 03-21 in combination/MIC of HSD 03-21 alone. The cumulative FIC index ∑FICI was then calculated as: ∑FIC = FIC(vancomycin) + FIC(HSD 03-21). The calculated ∑FIC indices were interpreted as synergistic if ∑FIC: ≤ 0.5. Results The MIC of vancomycin for VRE faecalis was 256 μg mL−1 while that of HSD 03-21 was 128 μg mL−1. When vancomycin was combined with HSD 03-21 at 8 μg mL−1 (1/16 MIC), there was a reduction in MIC of vancomycin to 0.5 μg mL−1. The combination showed excellent synergy with ∑FIC of 0.06. Conclusion HSD 03-21 reduced the MIC of vancomycin from 256 to 0.5 μg mL−1. This has an immense potential of changing the way we use vancomycin and in the treatment of VRE infections. Translation of this novel compound could save thousands of lives from VRE and the failures and inherent toxicities of current doses of vancomycin. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.
Advanced methods of biomedical signal processing (2011)

This book grew out of the IEEE-EMBS Summer Schools on Biomedical Signal Processing, which have been held annually since 2002 to provide the participants state-of-the-art knowledge on emerging areas in biomedical engineering. Prominent experts in the areas of biomedical signal processing, biomedical data treatment, medicine, signal processing, system biology, and applied physiology introduce novel techniques and algorithms as well as their clinical or physiological applications. The book provides an overview of a compelling group of advanced biomedical signal processing techniques, such as mult
Basic investigation of heart failure (2022)

Abstract Although the clinical history and examination may suggest a diagnosis of heart failure, objective evidence of cardiac dysfunction is also required. A number of diagnostic tests can be reliably employed to identify patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. However, heart failure with preserved systolic function is less reliably pinpointed, particularly as the syndrome is a mixture of conditions rather than a specific entity. As well as investigating patients to identify the presence and severity of cardiac dysfunction and any relevant comorbidities, it is important to clarify the underlying aetiology. Some causes are potentially correctable with possible improvement in the degree of cardiac dysfunction. Appropriate investigations will also help to risk-stratify patients, identifying those suitable for advanced therapies such as device therapy (implantable cardioverter–defibrillator, cardiac resynchronization therapy, ventricular assist devices) and cardiac transplantation. Although echocardiography is currently the principal diagnostic test for patients with heart failure, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is now considered to be the ‘reference standard’ method of assessing cardiac function. This chapter concentrates on the first-line investigations.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF LOW‐VALENT ORGANOTHORIUM COMPLEXES. EVIDENCE FOR PHOTOINDUCED β‐HYDRIDE ELIMINATION (1977)

Abstract Im Gegensatz zum Thermolyseprodukt (III) wird bei der Photolyse der Th‐Verbindung (Ia) das äußerst luftempfindliche Tris‐ [cyclopentadienyl]‐Th (II‐a) neben Propan und Propen erhalten.
Reactive Ion Etching of Copper Films in SiCl4 and N2 Mixture (1989)

Reactive ion etching of Cu films in SiCl 4 and N 2 is proposed for the fabrication of copper interconnection lines in LSIs. Cu films can be etched using a wafer heated to at least 250°C. Adding N 2 to SiCl 4 has two advantages. One is that it prevents the etching rate of Cu between narrow pattern spaces from decreasing because it removes organic material on Cu films near resist patterns. The other is that it forms protective films such as SiN on the side walls of Cu patterns and prevents side etching. The side wall taper is controlled by changing the N 2 flow percentage.
On the Road：China＇s Musical Theatre Industry (2011)

Musical production has become a new trend in China in recent years.Many performing arts companies and cultural businesses have involved themselves in producing,presenting and marketing original Chinese musicals.However,
De Novo Cartilage Generation Using Calcium Alginate-Chondrocyte Constructs (1996)

These studies investigated the utility of calcium alginate as a biocompatible polymer matrix within which large numbers of chondrocytes could be held successfully in a three-dimensional structure and implanted. Further, the ability of chondrocyte-calcium alginate constructs to engraft and generate new cartilage was examined. Chondrocytes isolated from calf shoulders were mixed with a 1.5% sodium alginate solution to generate cell suspensions with densities of 0, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 x 10(6) chondrocytes/ml. The cell suspensions were gelled to create disks that were placed in subcutaneous pockets on the dorsums of nude mice. The alginate concentration and CaCl2 concentration used to make the disks also were varied. A total of 20 mice were implanted with 67 bovine chondrocyte-calcium alginate constructs. Samples with an initial cellular density of at least 5.0 x 10(6) chondrocytes/ml demonstrated gross cartilage formation 12 weeks after implantation. Cartilage formation was observed microscopically in specimens with a cellular density as low as 1.0 x 10(6) chondrocytes/ml. The histoarchitecture of the new cartilage closely resembled that of native cartilage. Cartilage formation was independent of CaCl2 concentration (15 to 100 mM) or alginate concentration (0.5% to 4.0%) used in gel polymerization.
Characterisation of the p53 pathway in cell lines established from TH-MYCN transgenic mouse tumours (2018)

Cell lines established from the TH-MYCN transgenic murine model of neuroblastoma are a valuable preclinical, immunocompetent, syngeneic model of neuroblastoma, for which knowledge of their p53 pathway status is important. In this study, the Trp53 status and functional response to Nutlin-3 and ionising radiation (IR) were determined in 6 adherent TH-MYCN transgenic cell lines using Sanger sequencing, western blot analysis and flow cytometry. Sensitivity to structurally diverse MDM2 inhibitors (Nutlin-3, MI-63, RG7388 and NDD0005) was determined using XTT proliferation assays. In total, 2/6 cell lines were Trp53 homozygous mutant (NHO2A and 844MYCN+/+) and 1/6 (282MYCN+/-) was Trp53 heterozygous mutant. For 1/6 cell lines (NHO2A), DNA from the corresponding primary tumour was found to be Trp53 wt. In all cases, the presence of a mutation was consistent with aberrant p53 signalling in response to Nutlin-3 and IR. In comparison to TP53 wt human neuroblastoma cells, Trp53 wt murine control and TH-MYCN cell lines were significantly less sensitive to growth inhibition mediated by MI-63 and RG7388. These murine Trp53 wt and mutant TH-MYCN cell lines are useful syngeneic, immunocompetent neuroblastoma models, the former to test p53-dependent therapies in combination with immunotherapies, such as anti-GD2, and the latter as models of chemoresistant relapsed neuroblastoma when aberrations in the p53 pathway are more common. The spontaneous development of Trp53 mutations in 3 cell lines from TH-MYCN mice may have arisen from MYCN oncogenic driven and/or ex vivo selection. The identified species-dependent selectivity of MI-63 and RG7388 should be considered when interpreting in vivo toxicity studies of MDM2 inhibitors.
Pharmacological Studies on Drugs acting in Circulatory System in Coronary, Cerebral, Renal, Mesentric and Femoral Circulations (1969)

Effect of 15 kinds of pharmaceutics acting on the circulatory system, including ATP, nitroglycerin, 4, 4'-diethylaminoethoxyhexostrol, and adrenaline, was examined by their intra-arterial and intravenous injection, to see their effect on the amount of blood flow in coronary circulation, brain, kidneys, intestine, and hind leg circulation system, and systemic blood pressure. Results are listed in Table I.
Normal modes of a superconducting transmission-line resonator with embedded lumped element circuit components (2016)

We present a method to identify the coupled, normal modes of a superconducting transmission line with an embedded lumped element circuit. We evaluate the effective transmission-line nonlinearities in the case of Kerr-like Josephson interactions in the circuit and in the case where the embedded circuit constitutes a qubit degree of freedom, which is Rabi coupled to the field in the transmission line. Our theory quantitatively accounts for the very high and positive Kerr nonlinearities observed in a recent experiment [M. Reh\'ak, P. Neilinger, M. Grajcar, G. Oelsner, U. H\"ubner, E. Il'ichev, and H.-G. Meyer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 162604 (2014)], and we can evaluate the accomplishments of modified versions of the experimental circuit.
Facile Synthesis of Zn-TiO2 Nanostructure, Using Green Tea as an Eco-Friendly Reducing Agent for Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants in Water (2018)

The present study synthesizes Zn-TiO2 photocatalyst via a simple and economic green rout, in which Green Tea is applied as a green reducing agent due to the presence of polyphenols Molecules. Polyphenol molecules in green tea act as a reductant, thus changing Zn2+ to metallic Zn. The by-produced nanocmposites are characterized by using XRD, FESEM, EDS, and DRS. Zn-TiO2 photocatalyst possesses great efﬁcient charge separation properties. In order to investigate the presence of Zn, different weight ratio of Zn to TiO2 (viz. 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt%, 45 wt%, and 50 wt%) have been synthesized and their performance in Acid Orange 7 (AO7) photodegradation, compared with pure TiO2. According to the results, the compound with 25 wt% Zn shows 97% degradation of AO7 as a model pollutant. Also, it has been shown that after three tests with EDTA, benzoic acid, and under Ar gas, photodegradation of AO7 with Zn-TiO2 photocatalyst mainly depends on photogenerated holes.
Lectins: Sources, Activities, and Applications (1999)

: Lectins are glycoproteins or oligomeric proteins with one or more sugar-binding site(s) per subunit. These molecules are of nonimmune origin and bind reversibly with specific sugars and precipitate polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids bearing specific sugars, thus acting as cell recognizers. They play a key role during the initiation of infections in the altered behavior of cells during metastasis and in protection of neonates against environmental antigens. The specificity of lectins for certain sugars has been used as probes to detect cell surface sugars, enzymes, immunoglo-bulins, and to identify tumorogenic cells. Lectin-liposome conjugates have also found applications for targeted drug delivery. In addition, they have been used for flocculation of bacterial suspensions in the industry. This review discusses various sources of lectins and the mechanism behind their potential role in diverse fields of biological interest.
A Computing Budget Allocation Approach to Multiband Spectrum Sensing (2017)

In dynamic or opportunistic spectrum access, the primary user (PU) alternates between an idle and an active state, and a secondary user (SU) may access the channel during the idle periods. In multiband spectrum sensing, an SU tracks the PU state on a given set of channels to determine spectrum access opportunities. In this context, we address the following problem: Given amp;#924; channels, determine the best subset of amp;#925; amp;#8804; amp;#924; channels with respect to spectrum access opportunities and, at the same time, estimate the parameter of the PU state process for each channel within the selected subset. Specifically, we model the PU state on the given set of channels by amp;#924; independent, two-state continuous-time Markov chains. Over a given interval of time, our goal is to determine, with high probability, the amp;#925; channels with the largest mean idle periods and, at the same time, to accurately estimate the parameter of each channel in the selected subset. We adapt the optimal computing budget allocation (OCBA) methodology from the field of simulation optimization to allocate the total time budget for sensing the $N$ channels in order to perform the channel subset selection and parameter estimation. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Melting-solidification process in Pb-Bi melts (2007)

Electrical conductivity, σ(T), of liquid Pb-Bi alloys of eutectic and near eutectic compositions was investigated in the "melting-solidification" temperature region. The revealed discrepancies between the heating and cooling σ(T) curves as well as a hysteresis observed in course of heating-cooling cycles suggest a metastable microheterogeneous structure of the Pb-Bi melts. A solidification mechanism is proposed.
Elevated expression of syntenin in breast cancer is correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor patient survival (2013)

Abstract Introduction Syntenin is a scaffolding-PDZ domain-containing protein. Although it is reported that syntenin is associated with melanoma growth and metastasis, the possible role of syntenin in breast cancer has not been well elucidated. The present study investigated the expression and function of syntenin in breast cancer. Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blots were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of syntenin. With a combination of overexpression and RNA interference, the effect of syntenin on migration, invasion, and ERK1/2 activation was examined in breast cancer cell lines. The effect of syntenin in vivo was assessed with an orthotropic xenograft tumor model in BALB/c nu/nu mice. In addition, the expression level of syntenin in clinical breast cancer tissues was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to evaluate patient survival, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. Results Our study showed that syntenin expression was upregulated in high-metastasis breast cancer cell lines and breast cancer tissues. Overexpression of syntenin in breast cancer cells promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro . Moreover, overexpression of syntenin promoted breast tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo . We further showed that activation of integrin β1 and ERK1/2 was required for syntenin-mediated migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. The correlation between syntenin expression and tumor size ( P = 0.011), lymph node status ( P = 0.001), and recurrence ( P = 0.002) was statistically significant. More important, syntenin expression in primary tumors was significantly related to patients' overall survival (OS; P = 0.023) and disease-free survival (DFS; P = 0.001). Its status was an independent prognostic factor of OS ( P = 0.049) and DFS ( P = 0.002) in our cohort of patients. Conclusions These results suggest that syntenin plays a significant role in breast cancer progression, and it warrants further investigation as a candidate molecular marker of breast cancer metastasis and a potential therapeutic target.
A Laser Spiking Neuron in a Photonic Integrated Circuit (2020)

There has been a recent surge of interest in the implementation of linear operations such as matrix multipications using photonic integrated circuit technology. However, these approaches require an efficient and flexible way to perform nonlinear operations in the photonic domain. We have fabricated an optoelectronic nonlinear device--a laser neuron--that uses excitable laser dynamics to achieve biologically-inspired spiking behavior. We demonstrate functionality with simultaneous excitation, inhibition, and summation across multiple wavelengths. We also demonstrate cascadability and compatibility with a wavelength multiplexing protocol, both essential for larger scale system integration. Laser neurons represent an important class of optoelectronic nonlinear processors that can complement both the enormous bandwidth density and energy efficiency of photonic computing operations.
Co-extruded multilayer films for high capacity optical data storage (2012)

New approaches for optical data storage (ODS) applications are needed to meet the future requirements of applications in multimedia, archiving, security, and many others. Commercial data storage technologies are moving to threedimensional (3D) materials, but the capacity is limited by the fabrication cost and the number of layers that can be addressed using the reflection-based storage mechanism. We demonstrate here storage systems based on co-extrusion of multilayer (ML) films that can overcome these problems. The organic roll-to-roll films produced can easily be produced hundreds of meters in length, in a far simpler and cheaper manner than current manufacturing methods such as spin coating and lamination. The medium consists of alternating active and buffer layers, and data storage is demonstrated by writing images in 23 layers of 78 μm thick films by fluorescence (FL) quenching of an organic dye. The areal data resolution is at the diffraction limit of the CW Blu-ray (BR) laser employed, and the co-extrusion technique allows for small layer spacings, leading to a total bit density 1.2 Tb/cm3. We anticipate materials already demonstrated successful for 3D ODS will be adapted to this technique, as well as new systems developed, to take full advantage of this medium.
Method for Isolation and Purification of Cyanobacteria (1991)

A method employing nutrient saturated glass fiber filters allowed the isolation of the same numbers of cyanobacteria from freshwater as were obtained with medium solidified with agar, while providing a 2- to 15-fold reduction in the number of accompanying heterotrophic bacteria. Imipenem, a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic which inhibits peptidoglycan biosynthesis, was superior to some other beta-lactam antibiotics for reducing the numbers of heterotrophic bacterial contaminants associated with freshly isolated cyanobacteria to a level which facilitated the production of axenic cyanobacterial cultures.
Novel multi-Gbps bit-flipping decoders for punctured LDPC codes (2016)

Conventional bit-flipping (BF) algorithms spectacularly fail to handle punctured LDPC codes as they use hard decisions and, therefore, they cannot effectively cope with zero-reliability punctured symbols. However, BF techniques lead to low-cost high-speed decoders. This paper introduces a novel method that enables the use of BF-based iterative decoders for punctured LDPC codes. An erasure preprocessor is introduced and is shown to successfully mitigate the impact of puncturing, substantially improving the coding gain achieved for punctured codes under BF decoding. The proposed technique renders BF decoding of punctured codes useful, something that was not possible so far to our knowledge. Furthermore, two hardware architectures are introduced and evaluated. Hardware sharing is shown to efficiently exploit common structures in the proposed combined erasure and BF decoder, leading to a new architecture found to be particularly efficient. The proposed architecture requires extremely low hardware resources, facilitating full-parallel architectures that sustain multi-Gbps throughput rates when implemented on Virtex-7 FPGA devices.
A Comparison of Competing Broadband in Home Technologies (2002)

Connecting each house to a broadband access network represents an unprecedented opportunity to offer added-value services and broadband Internet access to residential users and expand the customer base beyond the corporate environment. Home networks, however, may be the last barrier to end-to-end multimedia service provisioning. Although a large number of houses have PCs, modems or multimedia network-enabled appliances, the majority are not equipped to support their interconnection, and most consumers are unwilling or cannot afford large-scale home rewiring. This paper reviews the available home-networking technologies and provides a comparison of the competing broadband in-home technologies. The focus is on technologies that do not require rewiring the home, either reusing the existing wiring or using wireless technology. The paper also discusses the residential gateway (RG) initiative, which provides a single point of convergence between the in-home and the access networks.
RENAL TUBULAR FUNCTION IN NORMAL PREGNANCY (1978)

Summary Maternal plasma and urine concentrationsof β 2 ‐ microglobulin and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (EC:2.3.2.2) were measured serially in normal pregnancy. These parameters remained constant throughout and can therefore be used to evaluate tubular function in pregnancies complicated by renal disorders.
KINEMATICS AND KINETICS OF CRYSTAL PLASTICITY (2007)

Crystal plasticity is overwhelmingly a consequence of the self similar translations of dislocations, which is viewed as a limiting form of more general shear transformations that also include twinning and martensitic transformations. Unlike elastic deformation, which can be homogeneous down to the atomic scale, plastic deformation involving dislocation translations or other shear transformations are locally discrete and inhomogeneous. Plasticity can be viewed as homogeneous only when the discrete processes are homogenized over a representative volume element (RVE), large enough to represent quasi-smooth behavior. Thus, for the purpose of viewing plasticity as a continuum field theory, its applicability is limited to volume elements no smaller than the RVE over which processes have been homogenized. In this chapter, the essential kinematics of inelastic deformation is introduced broadly. This is followed by the development of dislocation line properties that are associated with plastic strain production and the expenditure of plastic work in crystal plasticity, including concepts of dislocation line tension, dislocation mass, forms of interaction of dislocations with applied stresses, with each other, with free surfaces, and inhomogeneities. The principles of thermally activated deformation processes are introduced and then applied to dislocation glide and overcoming of local obstacles by thermal assistance. The detailed developments of dislocation properties emphasize face centered cubic crystals, including a full complement of partial dislocation and their dislocation.