gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary survey of Sri Lankan pre-school children and the potential role of leaf concentrate supplementation (1993)

A three-day weighed dietary survey of 182 randomly selected Sri Lankan pre-school children attending Sarvodaya nursery schools was undertaken in 1989. The survey was part of a larger study of the possible effect of leaf concentrate supplementation on child growth and morbidity. The children were from low income families. Intakes of energy, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid and folic acid were calculated and compared to FAO/WHO recommended dietary allowances. The main dietary inadequacies were of zinc, niacin and vitamin A, and to a lesser extent, riboflavin, calcium and energy. Leaf concentrate supplementation may ameliorate deficits in vitamin A intake, and partly offset deficits in riboflavin and zinc intake. Alternative sources of vitamin A were widely available but were under-utilised. The main staple foods in this age group were rice, imported wheat and dried whole milk.
Distributed photothermal spectroscopy in microstructured optical fibers: towards high-resolution mapping of gas presence over long distances (2017)

Chemical sensing using optical fibers is often challenging, as it is generally difficult to achieve strong interaction between the guided light and the analyte at the wavelength of interest for performing the detection. Despite this difficulty, many schemes exist (and can be found in the literature) for point chemical fiber sensors. However, the challenge increases even further when it comes to performing fully distributed chemical sensing. In this case, the optical signal which interacts with the analyte is typically also the signal that has to travel to and from the interrogator: for a good sensitivity, the light should interact strongly with the analyte, leading inevitably to an increased loss and a reduced range. Few works in the literature actually provide demonstrations of truly distributed chemical sensing and, although there have been several attempts to realize these sensors (e.g. based on special fiber coatings), the vast majority of these attempts has failed to reach widespread use due to several reasons, among them: lack of sensitivity or selectivity, lack of range or resolution, cross sensitivity to temperature or strain, or need to work at specific wavelengths where fiber instrumentation becomes extremely expensive or unavailable. In this work we provide a preliminary demonstration of the possibility of achieving distributed detection of gas presence with spectroscopic selectivity, high spatial resolution, potential for long range measurements and feasibility of having most of the interrogator system working at conventional telecom wavelengths. For a full exploitation of this concept, new fibers (or more likely, fiber bundles) should be developed capable of guiding specific wavelengths in the IR (corresponding to gas absorption wavelengths) with good overlap with the analyte while also having a solid core with good transmission behavior at 1.55 μm, and good thermal coupling between the two guiding structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Anodic Oxidation of Aminated Dibenzothiophenes: Isolation of Stable Radical Cation Salts of 3,7‐Diaminodibenzothiophene and 3,7‐Bis( dimethylamino)dibenzothiophene. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The ALMA-PILS survey: First detections of ethylene oxide, acetone and propanal toward the low-mass protostar IRAS 16293-2422 (2016)

Context. One of the open questions in astrochemistry is how complex organic and prebiotic molecules are formed. The unsurpassed sensitivity of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) takes the quest for discovering molecules in the warm and dense gas surrounding young stars to the next level.
The Opioid Epidemic: Crisis and Solutions (2017)

The widespread abuse of prescription opioids and a dramatic increase in the availability of illicit opioids have created what is commonly referred to as the opioid epidemic. The magnitude of this epidemic is startling: About 4% of the adult US population misuses prescription opioids, and in 2015, more than 33,000 deaths were attributable to overdose with licit and illicit opioids. Increasing the availability of medication-assisted treatments (such as buprenorphine and naltrexone), the use of abuse-deterrent formulations, and the adoption of US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention prescribing guidelines all constitute short-term approaches to quell this epidemic. However, with more than 125 million Americans suffering from either acute or chronic pain, the development of effective alternatives to opioids, enabled at least in part by a fuller understanding of the neurobiological bases of pain, offers the best long-term solution for controlling and ultimately eradicating this epidemic.
The antiinflammatory effects of essential fatty acid deficiency in experimental glomerulonephritis. The modulation of macrophage migration and eicosanoid metabolism. (1989)

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid modulation exerts a beneficial effect in immune-mediated glomerulonephritis. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, the effects of essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency on the heterologous phase of nephrotoxic nephritis in rats (induced by the injection of a rabbit antiglomerular basement membrane antibody) were studied. The heterologous phase of nephrotoxic nephritis was characterized by an invasion of leukocytes into the glomerulus. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils predominated early on (3 h), whereas macrophages predominated at 24 and 72 h. EFA deficiency selectively prevented the influx of macrophages into the glomerulus. The invasion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, in contrast, was unaffected. The influx of leukocytes into the glomerulus during nephritis was accompanied by a marked enhancement (10- to 40-fold) in glomerular thromboxane and leukotriene B4 production. EFA deficiency largely attenuated this change. Renal dysfunction during the heterologous phase of nephritis was manifested as azotemia, polyuria, sodium retention, and proteinuria. With EFA deficiency, polyuria, azotemia, and sodium retention were not seen. Proteinuria was reduced by approximately 85%. To address whether the lack of macrophage migration into the glomerulus in the context of nephritis with EFA deficiency might be due to a functional defect in macrophage migration, the chemotactic responsiveness of EFA-deficient macrophages was examined. EFA-deficient macrophages displayed normal chemotactic migration toward activated C. In sum, EFA deficiency prevents the invasion of macrophages into the glomerulus in nephrotoxic nephritis and attenuates the accompanying metabolic and functional alterations, but does not affect macrophage chemotactic responsiveness. Alterations in macrophage elicitation and lipid mediator generation by inflamed glomeruli thus appear to be central to the salutary effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid modification on glomerulonephritis.
Secure NOMA Based Two-Way Relay Networks Using Artificial Noise and Full Duplex (2018)

In this paper, we develop a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based two-way relay network with secrecy considerations, in which two users wish to exchange their NOMA signals via a trusted relay in the presence of single and multiple eavesdroppers. To ensure secure communications, the relay not only forwards confidential information to the legitimate users but also keeps emitting jamming signals all the time to degrade the performance of any potential eavesdropper. Moreover, we equip the relay and each user with the full-duplex technique in the multiple-access phase to combat the eavesdropping and improve the data transmission efficiency, respectively. We propose different decoding schemes based on the successive interference cancellation for the legitimate users, relay, and eavesdroppers. Closed-form expressions for the achievable ergodic secrecy rates of all data symbols under both single- and multiple-eavesdropper cases are derived, validated by the excellent fitting to the computer simulation results for our proposed network.
Molecular Electron Microscopy Approaches to Elucidating the Mechanisms of Protein Fibrillogenesis (2005)

Electron microscopy (EM) has played a central role in our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of several amyloid diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and prion diseases. In this chapter, we discuss the application of various EM techniques to monitor and characterize quaternary structural changes during amyloid fibril formation in vitro and the potential of extending some of these techniques to characterizing ex vivo material. In particular, we would like to bring to the attention of the reader two very powerful molecular EM techniques that remain under utilized by researchers in the amyloid community, namely scanning transmission electron microscopy and single particle molecular averaging EM. An overview of the strength and limitations of these techniques as tools for elucidating the structural basis of amyloid fibril formation will be presented.
Polypeptide fragments of horse cytochrome c activate a small subset of secondary B lymphocytes primed against the native protein. (1987)

Horse cytochrome c (cyt c) and two large, overlapping cyanogen bromide-cleaved fragments (1-80 and 66-104), together encompassing the entire length of the polypeptide chain, were examined for their abilities to stimulate into antibody production individual secondary B lymphocytes primed against the intact protein. T cell help was provided against the carrier protein, hemocyanin, to which cyt c and its peptides were conjugated by using glutaraldehyde. All the B cells activated by both of the fragments elicited antibodies that reacted with intact cyt c in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas only a fraction of the antibodies elicited by the intact protein reacted with the peptides. However, in general, antibodies reactive with the polypeptide fragments, whether elicited by the intact protein or by the fragments, could not be effectively inhibited from binding plate-bound cyt c in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the presence of soluble native cyt c. This indicates that these antibodies are specific for denatured forms of cyt c that apparently arise during the chemical coupling of cyt c to carrier molecules for immunization and/or during emulsification of the immunogen in adjuvant. Whereas, at most, 5% of the secondary B cells specific for native cyt c could be activated by the 1-80 fragment, even fewer were activated by the 66-104 fragment. Therefore, it is unlikely that smaller peptides which fail to assume native conformation would be effective. Antibodies elicited in vivo in a primary response to the 1-80 fragment also failed to bind native cyt c. These results suggest that linear peptides intended to mimic epitopes on globular proteins, and which have not been engineered to adopt native conformation, will not be very effective either as primary or as secondary vaccines for B cell activation.
Abstract 271: Heregulin internalization to the nucleus is mediated via binding to nucleolin (2010)

Abstract Heregulin internalization to the nucleus is mediated via binding to Nucleolin Lin Yang, and Ruth Lupu. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55902 Heregulin (HRG) is known as a soluble secreted growth factor of EGF-like family, which binds and activates HER3 and HER4 and transactivates HER2 and HER1 receptors. It has been shown that HRG translocates to the nucleus in triple negative breast cancer cells that express high level of HRG. The mechanism by which HRG translocates to the nucleus is still unknown. We have recently uncovered that Nucleolin binds to Heregulin and allows HRG to translocate to the nucleus. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that multifunctional protein Nucleolin is a major HRG-associated protein. Using co-immunoprecipitation we confirmed HRG interacts with Nucleolin in both endogenous and ectopic levels. Then, we made deleted mutants of HRG to map the Nucleolin binding domain on HRG and we found that Nucleolin binds to HRG on its N-terminus which contains a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS). Remarkably, in these cells we found a striking peri-nuclear accumulation when Nucleolin was knocked down. These results show for the first time that HRG translocate to the nucleus mediated by Nucleolin binding in breast cancer cells. Importantly, the nuclear function of HRG remains as a positive regulator of chemosensitization. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 271.
Role of Vulcanizing Additives on the Segmental Dynamics of Natural Rubber (2011)

The influence of the addition of vulcanizing additives on the molecular dynamics of unvulcanized natural rubber (NR) has been studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Results reveal a slowdown of the segmental dynamics of NR, restricting the motion of the chains tightly bounded to the additive surfaces. In general, when zinc oxide is present a second dynamic process is detected, ascribed to strong interfacial interactions between the zinc ionic clusters and the NR polymer segments. The study of such interactions prior to vulcanization is a very useful strategy to control the vulcanization process, maximizing its benefits and, hence, improving the final products. Here, we demonstrate that broadband dielectric spectroscopy is a good experimental alternative in order to obtain a deeper insight into the vulcanization mechanisms. Furthermore, our results support one previously proposed sulfur vulcanization mechanism, in which molecules of accelerators, sulfur, and fatty acids are adsorbed on the zinc oxide surface.
The Efficacy and Safety of Padexol® (Paclitaxel) and Cisplatin for Treating Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (2006)

The authors observed that Padexol was as good as the other paclitaxel (Taxol or Genexol) formulations when combined with cisplatin for treating patients with advanced NSCLC.
Cost-Effectiveness of Screening and Vaccinating Asian and Pacific Islander Adults for Hepatitis B (2007)

Screening programs for HBV among Asian and Pacific Islander adults are likely to be cost effective. Clinically significant benefits accrue from identifying chronically infected persons for medical management and vaccinating their close contacts. Such efforts can greatly reduce the burden of HBV-associated liver cancer and chronic liver disease in the Asian and Pacific Islander population.
A Millimeter-Wave Channel Simulator NYUSIM with Spatial Consistency and Human Blockage (2019)

Accurate channel modeling and simulation are indispensable for millimeter-wave wideband communication systems that employ electrically- steerable and narrow beam antenna arrays. Three important channel modeling components, spatial consistency, human blockage, and outdoor-to-indoor penetration loss, were proposed in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project Release 14 for mmWave communication system design. This paper presents NYUSIM 2.0, an improved channel simulator which can simulate spatially consistent channel realizations based on the existing drop-based channel simulator NYUSIM 1.6.1. A geometry-based approach using multiple reflection surfaces is proposed to generate spatially correlated and time-variant channel coefficients. Using results from 73 GHz pedestrian measurements for human blockage, a four-state Markov model has been implemented in NYUSIM to simulate dynamic human blockage shadowing loss. To model the excess path loss due to penetration into buildings, a parabolic model for outdoor-to-indoor penetration loss has been adopted from the 5G Channel Modeling special interest group and implemented in NYUSIM 2.0. This paper demonstrates how these new modeling capabilities reproduce realistic data when implemented in Monte Carlo fashion using NYUSIM 2.0, making it a valuable measurement-based channel simulator for fifth-generation and beyond mmWave communication system design and evaluation.
2 HONEYCOMB LATTICE POTENTIALS AND DIRAC POINTS (2016)

We prove that the two-dimensional Schrödinger operator with a potential having the symmetry of a honeycomb structure has dispersion surfaces with conical singularities (<italic>Dirac points</italic>) at the vertices of its Brillouin zone. No assumptions are made on the size of the potential. We then prove the robustness of such conical singularities to a restrictive class of perturbations, which break the honeycomb lattice symmetry. General small perturbations of potentials with Dirac points do not have Dirac points; their dispersion surfaces are smooth. The presence of Dirac points in honeycomb structures is associated with many novel electronic and optical properties of materials such as graphene.
Organic dots (O-dots) for theranostic applications: preparation and surface engineering (2021)

Organic dots is a term used to represent materials including graphene quantum dots and carbon quantum dots because they rely on the presence of other atoms (O, H, and N) for their photoluminescence or fluorescence properties. They generally have a small size (as low as 2.5 nm), and show good photostability under prolonged irradiation. The excitation and emission wavelengths of O-dots can be tailored according to their synthetic procedure, where although their quantum yield is quite low compared with organic dyes, this is partly compensated by their large absorption coefficients. A wide range of strategies have been used to modify the surface of O-dots for passivation, improving their solubility and biocompatibility, and allowing the attachment of targeting moieties and therapeutic cargos. Hybrid nanostructures based on O-dots have been used for theranostic applications, particularly for cancer imaging and therapy. This review covers the synthesis, physics, chemistry, and characterization of O-dots. Their applications cover the prevention of protein fibril formation, and both controlled and targeted drug and gene delivery. Multifunctional therapeutic and imaging platforms have been reported, which combine four or more separate modalities, frequently including photothermal or photodynamic therapy and imaging and drug release.
Poselets: Body part detectors trained using 3D human pose annotations (2009)

We address the classic problems of detection, segmentation and pose estimation of people in images with a novel definition of a part, a poselet. We postulate two criteria (1) It should be easy to find a poselet given an input image (2) it should be easy to localize the 3D configuration of the person conditioned on the detection of a poselet. To permit this we have built a new dataset, H3D, of annotations of humans in 2D photographs with 3D joint information, inferred using anthropometric constraints. This enables us to implement a data-driven search procedure for finding poselets that are tightly clustered in both 3D joint configuration space as well as 2D image appearance. The algorithm discovers poselets that correspond to frontal and profile faces, pedestrians, head and shoulder views, among others. Each poselet provides examples for training a linear SVM classifier which can then be run over the image in a multiscale scanning mode. The outputs of these poselet detectors can be thought of as an intermediate layer of nodes, on top of which one can run a second layer of classification or regression. We show how this permits detection and localization of torsos or keypoints such as left shoulder, nose, etc. Experimental results show that we obtain state of the art performance on people detection in the PASCAL VOC 2007 challenge, among other datasets. We are making publicly available both the H3D dataset as well as the poselet parameters for use by other researchers.
PO-094 Persistent Myc activity prevents resolution of liver injury (2018)

Introduction Despite individual tumours harbour a bewildering array of genetic alterations it is remarkable that tumours arising in the same tissue are very similar and different to tumours arising in other tissues. This suggests that the evolution of cancer is significantly restricted by its tissue of origin. Wound healing and tissue regeneration are characterised by profound changes, similar to events characterising the formation and development of many solid tumours. Given Myc’s role in proliferation, injury and cancers we have investigated its relationship in wound healing and, in particular, with the stromal changes that accompany tissue regeneration and cancers. Material and methods In vivo studies were conducted with switchable GEMMs, where Myc activity can be regulated at will, directly and specifically in liver epithelial cells (RosaMycER;AlbuminCRE). Acute liver injury was induced by CCl4. Experimental methodologies include: Histology, Cytokine array, Immune-cell isolation and RNA-seq. Results and discussions In stark contrast to injured only animals, enforced maintenance of physiological Myc activity in the hepatocyte compartment completely blocked resolution of liver injury: tissue failed to normalise, necrotic debris persisted, liver damage markers remained elevated and hepatocytes remained in cycle. These ‘open wounds’ where characterised by dramatic influx of monocytic cells, exclusion of adaptive lymphoid cells, Stellate cells activation and impaired clearance of debris, closely phenocopying the regenerative phase of injury alone. Hence, the inability to down-regulate Myc after injury profoundly blocks resolution. Moreover, deactivation of Myc resulted in immediate tissue resolution: excess cells were eliminated, proliferation halted, and liver function restored. We have identified CCl6 and CCl21 chemokine as Myc-dependent proximal signals that instruct the microenvironmental changes associated with tissue regeneration and resolution, respectively. Interestingly, during the resolution phase, liver was refractory to Myc re-activation (failure to induce proliferation) but responsive after resolution had completed suggesting the presence of a dominant resolution programme. Conclusion We provide evidence that deregulated Myc is able to ‘hack’ the local tissue regenerative program and have identified some of the Myc-dependent molecular triggers responsible. Furthermore, we raise the possibility that novel cancer targets may be identified in the proposed ‘resolution programme’ in order to promote tumour regression.
Desmoplastic Fibroma of Bone Arising in Fibrous Dysplasia (1983)

Malignant transformation of fibrous dysplasia of bone either following or even in the absence of previous irradiation has been well-documented on many occasions. The association of fibrous dysplasia with a benign bone tumor has not been documented. This is a histologically proven case of the occurrence of a desmoplastic fibroma of the pubis in a 34-year-old man which was associated with monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the same bone. Both lesions were discovered and removed simultaneously.