gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring the cluster hypothesis, and cluster-based retrieval, over the web (2012)

We present a study of the cluster hypothesis, and of the performance of cluster-based retrieval methods, performed over large scale Web collections. Among the findings we present are (i) the cluster hypothesis can hold, as determined by a specific test, for large scale Web corpora to the same extent it does for newswire corpora; (ii) while spam documents do not affect the extent to which the cluster hypothesis holds, they considerably affect the performance of cluster based, as well as that of document-based, retrieval methods; and, (iii) as is the case for newswire corpora, cluster-based methods can yield better performance than document-based methods for Web corpora.
Green Photoinduced Modification of Natural Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Surface for Antibacterial Applications (2014)

A green photoinduced method for the modification of a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBHV), has been successfully carried out using three types of monomers with potential antibacterial effects, i.e., 2-[(methacryloyloxy)-ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (META), 2-[(methacryloylethyl)]-dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium (MESA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The photografting process is conducted through a photoinduced free radical process employing a ketone-based photoinitiator in an aqueous medium. Under appropriate conditions, the photogenerated radicals abstract hydrogen atoms from the PHBHV backbone, thus initiating the UV-mediated photopolymerization of derived-(meth)acrylate monomers from the surface of PHBHV film. The photochemical mechanism of the ketones photolysis is entirely described by a electron spin resonance/spin trapping technique, and the modified-PHBHV films are extensively characterized by ATR-FTIR and water contact angle and XPS measurements. Finally, a primary investigation is conducted to support the antibacterial activity of the new functionalized biomaterial against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
CuTaS3: Intermetal d–d Transitions Enable High Solar Absorption (2016)

To realize the fundamental limits of photovoltaic device efficiency, solar absorbers must exhibit strong absorption and abrupt absorption onsets. Ideally, onsets to maximum absorption (α > 105 cm–1) occur over a few tenths of an electronvolt. First-principles calculations predict CuTaS3 represents a potentially new class of materials with such absorption characteristics. Narrow metallic d bands in both the initial and final states present high joint densities of states and, therefore, strong absorption. Specifically, a mixture of metal d (Cu1+, d10) and S p characterizes states near the valence band maximum, and metal d (Ta5+, d0) dominates near the conduction band minimum. Optical absorption measurements on thin films confirm the abrupt onset to strong absorption α > 105 cm–1 at Eg + 0.4 eV (Eg = 1.0 eV). Theoretical CuTaS3 solar cell efficiency is predicted to be 28% for a 300 nm film based on the metric of spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency, which exceeds that of CuInSe2. This sulfide may offer new opportunities to discover and develop a new class of mixed d-element solar absorbers.
Glibenclamide attenuates adenosine-induced bradycardia and coronary vasodilatation (1991)

The effects of the ATP-sensitive K(+)-channel blocker glibenclamide on the cardiovascular responses to adenosine in dogs were determined. Adenosine (0.01-20 mumol/kg iv) caused coronary vasodilatation, arterial hypotension, and bradycardia in dogs with either combined beta-adrenergic and muscarinic receptor blockade or with bilateral cervical vagotomy plus beta-adrenergic receptor blockade. The 50% effective dose for adenosine-induced coronary dilatation was increased from 0.13 +/- 0.04 mumol/kg in the control state to 1.1 +/- 0.5 mumol/kg after 2 mg/kg of glibenclamide (P less than 0.001). Adenosine at 5 mumol/kg reduced heart rate by 19 +/- 5% from a baseline of 158 +/- 6 beats/min in five anesthetized dogs. After glibenclamide (10 mg/kg), this dose of adenosine failed to cause a significant change in heart rate. The arterial hypotensive effects of adenosine were also attenuated by glibenclamide. Thus glibenclamide inhibited adenosine-induced bradycardia, hypotension, and coronary dilatation. On the other hand, glibenclamide did not affect the reductions in heart rate caused by vagus nerve stimulation. The mechanism of this adenosine antagonism is not known but, in the case of bradycardia, it does not appear to involve any of the steps shared in common by both adenosine-induced and vagal responses of the sinoatrial node.
Standard and High Fat Food Intake is Suppressed by PF5190457, the Ghrelin Growth Hormone Secretagogue 1α Receptor Inverse Agonist/Antagonist (2020)

Ghrelin is a 28‐amino acid peptide produced by epithelial cells in the stomach mucosa and is well‐characterized to modulate gastrointestinal function, growth hormone secretion, glucose regulation, and appetite, and is increasingly implicated in substance use disorder ( SUD ) phenotypes. Ghrelin actions are transduced through the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1α ( GHS1αR ) which is noted to exhibit constitutive activity in in vitro recombinant cell lines, and in dispersed pancreas islet cells, studies which support the concept of endogenous ghrelin tone. The small molecule PF5190457 exhibits relatively equipotent actions as a neutral GHS1αR antagonist and inverse agonist without apparent partial agonist actions (Kong et al. Br J Pharmacol 173 :1452, 2016). To expand our knowledge of the physiological impact of GHS1αR function in vivo and determine an effective dose of PF5190457 for future studies of SUD phenotypes, we tested the hypotheses that PF5190457 would antagonize GHS1αR agonist‐induced intake of standard chow ( SD ) or high fat food ( HFF ) and act as an inverse agonist to inhibit basal HFF intake and weight gain. Methods Male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n=16) maintained on ad libitum SD were pretreated with intraperitoneal injection of PF5190457 (20 mg/kg) or vehicle 60 min prior to subcutaneous (SC) injection of the GHS1αR agonist hexarelin (80 μg/kg) and assay of SD intake over a 6‐hr period. In a second study, rats (n=32) were administered acute or repeated PF5190457 (20 mg/kg) prior to maintenance on ad libitum HFF for three days. On day 3, all rats were treated with PF5190457 or vehicle 60 min prior to hexarelin (80 μg/kg; SC). Food intake and body weight were recorded throughout the study. Results PF5190457 significantly suppressed hexarelin‐induced SD intake vs. vehicle ( p &lt; 0.05). Both acute and repeated PF5190457 administration suppressed hexarelin‐induced HFF intake vs. control ( p &lt; 0.05). Repeated PF5190457 suppressed basal HFF intake and body weight gain ( p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions The novel GHS1αR inverse agonist/antagonist PF5190457 suppressed measures of both hexarelin‐induced SD and HFF intake, demonstrating antagonist activity in vivo . Similar efficacy of acute and repeated PF5190457 to suppress hexarelin‐induced HFF intake suggests that tolerance did not develop. Further, PF5190457 suppressed basal HFF intake and HFF‐associated weight gain, indicating inverse agonist activity in vivo . Together, these data suggest that PF5190457 will be a useful pharmacological tool to study the involvement of GHS1αR in SUD phenotypes. Support or Funding Information Supported by NIDA UG3 DA050317 and F30 DA049501
Abstract P5-04-19: Withdrawn (2019)

Abstract This abstract was withdrawn by the authors. Citation Format: Ghassemifar S, Finn G, Zhang H, Richardson J, Kuesters G, Santillana S, Pipas M. Withdrawn [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-04-19.
Multi-standard UHF and UWB antennas for RFID applications (2010)

International audience
Layer specific optical band gap measurement at nanoscale in MoS2 and ReS2 van der Waals compounds by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (2016)

Atomically thin monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a new class of two dimensional nano‐material with promising optoelectronic, energy and novel device applications. One of the important features of many TMDs is that they undergo a crossover from indirect band gap in the bulk to direct band gap in the monolayer form [1]. While the monolayer properties of TMDs are unique (e. g. direct band gap), it may be illusive while fabricating practical devices because the cross over to indirect band gap occurs due to unavoidable electronic packaging and the property could change in close proximity of foreign substance. Therefore, there is an urge to stabilize such novel properties arising from the monolayer in the interface or in the bulk form. With this goal there is a candidate material already reported in the family, i.e. crystalline 1T‐ReS 2 [2]. In this work we have exploited high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) to perform layer specific direct measurement of optical band gaps of two important van der Waals compounds, MoS 2 and ReS 2 at nanoscale. Areas with mono, bi, tri and multilayers of MoS 2 and ReS 2 have been identified using a electron microscope. The atomic resolution image of mono and multilayer MoS 2 and ReS 2 have been given in figure 2. For monolayer MoS 2 , the twin excitons (1.8 and 1.95 eV) originating at the K point of the Brillouin zone are observed. The band gap values have been deduced after plotting Tauc‐like plots for both direct and indirect band gaps from the EELS absorption spectra. An indirect band gap of 1.27 eV is obtained from the multilayers regions (see figure 1). Indirect to direct band gap crossover is observed which is consistent with the previously reported strong photoluminescence from the monolayer MoS 2 . For ReS 2 the band gap is direct and a value of 1.52 and 1.42 eV are obtained for the monolayer and multilayers, respectively (see figure 1). A direct to indirect band gap transition has been observed in MoS 2 going from monolayer to bilyer but no such transition is observen in ReS 2 The results demonstrate the power of HREELS technique as a nanoscale optical absorption spectroscopy tool.
Derivation of Neural Precursor Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2004)

Human embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass of the preimplantation embryo. Human ES cells have the capacity to differentiate into various types of cells in the body. Human ES cells are indefinite source of cells for cell therapy in various degenerative disorders including neuronal disorders. Directed differentiation of human ES cells is a prerequisite for their clinical application. The objective of this study is to develop the culture condition for the derivation of neural precursor cells from human ES cells. Neural precursor cells were derived from human ES cells in a stepwise culture condition. Neural precursor cells in the form of neural rosette structures developed into neurospheres when cultured in suspension. Suspension culture of neurospheres has been maintained over 4 months. Expressions of nestin, soxl, sox2, pax3 and pax6 transcripts were upregulated during differentiation into neural precursor cells by RT-PCR analysis. In contrast, expression of oct4 was dramatically downregulated in neural precursor cells. Immunocytochemical analyses of neural precursor cells demonstrated expression of nestin and SOX1. When induced to differentiate on an adhesive substrate, neuro-spheres were able to differentiate into three lineages of neural systems, including neurons, astrocytes and oligo-dendrocytes. Transcripts of sox1 and pax6 were downregulated during differentiation of neural precursor cells into neurons. In contrast, expression of map2ab was elevated in the differentiated cells, relative to those in neural precursor cells. Neurons derived from neural precursor cells expressed NCAM, Tuj1, MAP2ab, NeuN and NF200 in immunocytochemical analyses. Presence of astrocytes was confirmed by expression of GFAP immuno-cytochemically. Oligodendrocytes were also observed by positive immuno-reactivities against oligodendrocyte marker O1. Results of this study demonstrate that a stepwise culture condition is developed for the derivation of neural precursor cells from human ES cells.
A Capillary-Perfused, Nanocalorimeter Platform for Thermometric Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with Femtomole Sensitivity (2020)

Enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions produce heat. We developed an enclosed, capillary-perfused nanocalorimeter platform for thermometric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TELISA). We used catalase as enzymes to model the thermal characteristics of the micromachined calorimeter. Model-assisted signal analysis was used to calibrate the nanocalorimeter and to determine reagent diffusion, enzyme kinetics, and enzyme concentration. The model-simulated signal closely followed the experimental signal after selecting for the enzyme turnover rate (<i>kcat</i>) and the inactivation factor (<i>InF</i>), using a known label enzyme amount (<i>Ea</i>). Over four discrete runs (<i>n</i> = 4), the minimized model root mean square error (RMSE) returned 1.80 ± 0.54 fmol for the 1.5 fmol experiments, and 1.04 ± 0.37 fmol for the 1 fmol experiments. Determination of enzyme parameters through calibration is a necessary step to track changing enzyme kinetic characteristics and improves on previous methods to determine label enzyme amounts on the calorimeter platform. The results obtained using model-system signal analysis for calibration led to significantly improved nanocalorimeter platform performance.
Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the mechanical behavior of a crystalline polymer–polyoxymethylene (1968)

Abstract The true stress‐true strain behavior of polyoxymethylene, n(‐CH 2 O), as an example of a bulk semi‐crystalline polymer, has been investigated for constant hydrostatic environmental pressures from 1 atmosphere to 8 kilobars with the principal objectives of elucidating the factors controlling flow and fracture. Experiments were conducted in uniaxial tension at room temperature and constant strain rate. The tensile observations were supplemented by measurements of bulk compressibility and stress relaxation behavior at pressure. In contrast with metals and inorganic compounds, the modulus, yield stress and fracture stress of POM increase strongly with pressure by a factor of approximately three at 8 kilobars. The modulus increase is shown from the stress relaxation measurements to be associated with a pressure‐induced increase in the β‐transition temperature which points to the potential usefulness of the concept of pressure‐temperature super‐position of mechanical behavior. The characteristics of the pressure dependence of the yield stress demonstrate that yield criteria based on continum mechanics considerations, including the Mohr or Coulomb‐Navier criterion, are not valid for general deformation (non‐plane strain) conditions in this polymer. The concept of a critical volume change determining the initiation of yielding is suggested to be applicable to semi‐crystalline polymers. Comparison with analogous changes in yield stress with temperature points to an increasing contribution to the control of yielding by the initially disordered regions with increasing pressure or decreasing temperature. The fracture behavior observed at pressure eliminates the concepts of a critical stress as a fracture criterion for POM and of a simple reduction in normal stress at points of stress concentration as the principal effect of the applied pressure on fracture.
A real-time SAR extended object simulator based on FPGA (2016)

In this paper, an FPGA based SAR extended object simulator is presented focused on backscattering coefficients computing. It is aimed to be used for hardware-in-the-loop SAR raw signal simulation with applications in UAV or other platforms SAR sensors test and assessment. This simulator is based on geometrical optics (GO) model and can work in real time. The GO algorithm is analyzed and implemented with multiple processing units in FPGA. Arithmetic units are optimized to decrease the FPGA resource cost. The design is implemented on a FPGA board and verified with initial test results.
Simulating propagation of separated wave modes in general anisotropic media, Part I: qP-wave propagators (2013)

ABSTRACT Wave propagation in an anisotropic medium is inherently described by elastic wave equations with P- and S-wave modes intrinsically coupled. We present an approach to simulate propagation of separated wave modes for forward modeling, migration, waveform inversion, and other applications in general anisotropic media. The proposed approach consists of two cascaded computational steps. First, we simulate equivalent elastic anisotropic wavefields with a minimal second-order coupled system (that we call here a pseudo-pure-mode wave equation), which describes propagation of all wave modes with a partial wave mode separation. Such a system for qP-wave is derived from the inverse Fourier transform of the Christoffel equation after a similarity transformation, which aims to project the original vector displacement wavefields onto isotropic references of the polarization directions of qP-waves. It accurately describes the kinematics of all wave modes and enhances qP-waves when the pseudo-pure-mode wavefield components are summed. The second step is a filtering to further project the pseudo-pure-mode wavefields onto the polarization directions of qP-waves so that residual qS-wave energy is removed and scalar qP-wave fields are accurately separated at each time step during wavefield extrapolation. As demonstrated in the numerical examples, pseudo-pure-mode wave equation plus correction of projection deviation provides a robust and flexible tool for simulating propagation of separated wave modes in transversely isotropic and orthorhombic media. The synthetic example of a Hess VTI model shows that the pseudo-pure-mode qP-wave equation can be used in prestack reverse-time migration applications.
A new approach to active vibration isolation for microgravity space experiments (1990)

A new method was developed to design an active vibration isolation system for microgravity space experiments. This method yields the required controller transfer functions for a specified transmissibility ratio. Hence, it is a straightforward task to guarantee that the desired vibration isolation performance is achieved at each frequency. The theory for such a controller design was presented by considering a single degree of freedom system. In addition, the magnitude of the input required by the new method has been found to be less than that used by a standard phase lead/lag compensator.
The analysis of the different functions of starch‐phosphorylating enzymes during the development of Arabidopsis thaliana plants discloses an unexpected role for the cytosolic isoform GWD2 (2017)

The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes three glucan, water dikinases. Glucan, water dikinase 1 (GWD1; EC 2.7.9.4) and phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD; EC 2.7.9.5) are chloroplastic enzymes, while glucan, water dikinase 2 (GWD2) is cytosolic. Both GWDs and PWD catalyze the addition of phosphate groups to amylopectin chains at the surface of starch granules, changing its physicochemical properties. As a result, GWD1 and PWD have a positive effect on transitory starch degradation at night. Because of its cytosolic localization, GWD2 does not have the same effect. Single T-DNA mutants of either GWD1 or PWD or GWD2 have been analyzed during the entire life cycle of A. thaliana. We report that the three dikinases are all important for proper seed development. Seeds from gwd2 mutants are shrunken, with the epidermal cells of the seed coat irregularly shaped. Moreover, gwd2 seeds contain a lower lipid to protein ratio and are impaired in germination. Similar seed phenotypes were observed in pwd and gwd1 mutants, except for the normal morphology of epidermal cells in gwd1 seed coats. The gwd1, pwd and gwd2 mutants were also very similar in growth and flowering time when grown under continuous light and all three behaved differently from wild-type plants. Besides pinpointing a novel role of GWD2 and PWD in seed development, this analysis suggests that the phenotypic features of the dikinase mutants in A. thaliana cannot be explained solely in terms of defects in leaf starch degradation at night.
Optical Bus versus Electronic Bus for Address-Transactions in Future SMP Architectures (1998)

The fast evolution of processor performance necessitates a permanent evolution of all the multiprocessor components, even for small to medium-scale symmetric multiprocessors (SMP) build around shared busses. This kind of multiprocessor is especially attractive because the problem of data coherency in caches can be solved by a class of snooping protocols specific to these shared-bus architecture. But the bandwidth demand, especially for the addresses, is becoming so important that a technological step must be considered. Optical communications are becoming mature, and bring a huge information bandwidth through the implementation of optical busses. This paper is focused on the address bandwidth needed by shared-bus SMP without suggesting a complete solution. We show that an optical address bus can fulfill the bandwidth demand of future SMPs contrarily to standard electronic busses.
On the Merits of Migrating to a Fully Packet-Based Mobile Backhaul RAN Infrastructure (2009)

This paper addresses the important issue of how to optimize the performance of the current mobile backhaul radio access network (RAN) infrastructure to cope with the growing and dynamic nature of the emerging data-centric mobile multimedia traffic and services. Specifically, this work proposes and devises a simple and cost-effective EPON-based dynamic multiservice RAN architecture that efficiently transports and supports a wide range of existing and emerging data-centric mobile multimedia traffic and services along with the diverse quality of service (QoS) and rate requirements set by these services.
Management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid homorrhage: Progress and current problems. (1995)

香川県立中央病院に脳神経外科が開設された1972年7月以来, 1994年6月までの22年間に治療した615人の70歳未満のクモ膜下出血患者の治療成績を分析した.これらの患者を治療方針の変化に伴い, 時期別に4群に分けて検討した.この期間中の治療方針の最大の変化は, 待機手術から早期手術への移行であり, 平均手術時期はHunt and Kosnik gradeI-II患者で, Day 17.5からDay 1.5 (発症日 : Day0), gradeIII患者では, Day11.5からDay0.8と発症から手術までの時間が有意に短縮していた.これに伴いgrade III患者では手術施行率が, 71%から97.5%と増加し, 最終的な転帰も有意に改善していた.Grade I-II患者では手術施行率は待機手術が主流であった時代と変化がないものの, やはり転帰の改善が見られた.従来は手術の対象となることが少なかったgrade IVについても, 積極的な早期手術によって転帰の改善が認められた.現在の治療上の最大の問題点は, 急性期手術準備中の再出血であり, これらの患者の転帰は有意に不良であった.種々の脳血管攣縮対策により, 重篤な脳血管攣縮の発生は減少しており, 現在では死亡原因としてではなく神経脱落症状の原因として重要であった.