gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review on the Low‐Dimensional and Hybridized Nanostructured Diamond Films (2015)

In the last decade, besides the breakthrough of high‐rate growth of chemical vapor deposited single‐crystal diamonds, numerous nanostructured diamond films have been rapidly developed in the research fields of the diamond‐based sciences and industrial applications. The low‐dimensional diamonds of two‐dimensional atomic‐thick nanofilms and nanostructural diamond on the surface of bulk diamond films have been theoretically and experimentally investigated. In addition, the diamond‐related hybrid nanostructures of n‐type oxide/p‐type diamond and n‐type nitride/p‐type diamond, having high performance physical and chemical properties, are proposed for further applications. In this review, we first briefly introduce the three categories of diamond nanostructures and then outline the current advances in these topics, including their design, fabrication, characterization, and properties. Finally, we address the remaining challenges in the research field and the future activities.
Nemo-like Kinase Drives Foxp3 Stability and Is Critical for Maintenance of Immune Tolerance by Regulatory T Cells (2019)

The Foxp3 transcription factor is a crucial determinant of both regulatory T (T<sub>REG</sub>) cell development and their functional maintenance. Appropriate modulation of tolerogenic immune responses therefore requires the tight regulation of Foxp3 transcriptional output, and this involves both transcriptional and post-translational regulation. Here, we show that during T cell activation, phosphorylation of Foxp3 in T<sub>REG</sub> cells can be regulated by a TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-Nemo-like kinase (NLK) signaling pathway. NLK interacts and phosphorylates Foxp3 in T<sub>REG</sub> cells, resulting in the stabilization of protein levels by preventing association with the STUB1 E3-ubiquitin protein ligase. Conditional T<sub>REG</sub> cell NLK-knockout (NLK<sup>ΔTREG</sup>) results in decreased T<sub>REG</sub> cell-mediated immunosuppression in vivo, and NLK-deficient T<sub>REG</sub> cell animals develop more severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our data suggest a molecular mechanism, in which stimulation of TCR-mediated signaling can induce a TAK1-NLK pathway to sustain Foxp3 transcriptional activity through the stabilization of protein levels, thereby maintaining T<sub>REG</sub> cell suppressive function.
Tolerability of maintenance olaparib in newly diagnosed patients with advanced ovarian cancer and a BRCA mutation in the randomized phase III SOLO1 trial (2021)

Maintenance olaparib had a predictable and manageable adverse event profile in the newly diagnosed setting with no new safety signals identified. Adverse events usually occurred early, were largely manageable and led to discontinuation in a minority of patients.
Left ventricular mass is underestimated in overweight children because of incorrect body size variable chosen for normalization (2019)

Normalization for body surface area and for computed lean body mass, but not for height, underestimates left ventricular mass in overweight children.
Synthesis and acaricidal activity of 3‐aryl‐5‐arylmethyl‐1, 3,4‐oxa(thia)diazol‐2(3h)‐ones (1994)

Abstract A series of new 1,3, 4‐oxa(thia)diazol‐2(3H)‐ones were synthesized and tested as acaricides. High activities against eggs of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) were found for derivatives bearing an ortho‐halo‐substituted phenyl group in position 3, and a benzyl group para‐substituted by a branched C 3 ‐C 6 alkoxy group in position 5 of the hetero‐ring. The best compounds attained the miticidal potency of clofentezine.
Biomimetic Hybrid Composites to Repair Osteochondral Lesions (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Effects of Feedback Delay on the Performance of Multiple Relay Network over Nakagami-m Fading Channels (2012)

This paper studies the effect of feedback delay on the performance of amplify-and-forward (AF) relay selection over Nakagami-m fading environment. Spatial diversity can be improved by employing multiple relays with selection, however, this diversity gain cannot be fully realized when the feedback delay is present in the decision metric. Hence, we try to quantify this detrimental effect by deriving the exact closed form solution to outage probability and ergodic capacity for channel state information (CSI)-assisted relay. Further, we derive simple asymptotic results for outage to provide insight of the system performance and diversity. Monte Carlo simulation is used to verify the analytical work.
Inactivation ofBRCA2in human cancer cells identifies a subset of tumors with enhanced sensitivity towards death receptormediated apoptosis (2016)

BRCA2 mutations strongly increase the in vitro- and in vivo-sensitivity of cancer cells towards TRAIL-R-mediated apoptosis. This effect is mechanistically distinguishable from the well-established ICL-hypersensitivity of BRCA2-deficient cells. Our study thus defines a new genetic subpopulation of cancers susceptible towards TRAIL-R-targeting compounds, which could facilitate novel therapeutic approaches for patients with BRCA2-deficient tumors.
Predicting Internal Temperature of Canned Foods During Thermal Processing using a Linear Recursive Model (1995)

ABSTRACT A linear recursive model was developed to represent the heat transfer inside a can during sterilization in a retort. The model was analogous to those used in system identification theory, and could also be viewed as a generalization of Ball's classical approach, the basic hypothesis was the linearity of the heat transfer process. A major interest of the model is the possibility to identify heat transfer characteristics of a product on one test experiment, and subsequently use them for prediction; the model also overcomes most difficulties encountered by Ball's method.
MPCSL - A Modular Pipeline for Causal Structure Learning (2021)

The examination of causal structures is crucial for data scientists in a variety of machine learning application scenarios. In recent years, the corresponding interest in methods of causal structure learning has led to a wide spectrum of independent implementations, each having specific accuracy characteristics and introducing implementation-specific overhead in the runtime. Hence, considering a selection of algorithms or different implementations in different programming languages utilizing different hardware setups becomes a tedious manual task with high setup costs. Consequently, a tool that enables to plug in existing methods from different libraries into a single system to compare and evaluate the results is substantial support for data scientists in their research efforts.
A study of shape distributions for estimating histologic grade (2008)

Breast cancers can be histologically categorized (graded) based upon their architectural patterns and cellular types. Inaccurate histologic grading can result in inappropriate treatment for a given patient. Computational analysis of breast cancers offers an operator-independent method for histologic grading that should enhance grading reliability. We present the initial efforts to develop computational technologies that may be used to automatically and objectively estimate the histologic grade of breast cancer tumors. The approach utilizes image processing and shape analysis of imaged histologic sections. Our work is based on the hypothesis that cellular structures found in breast cancer tumors can be transformed into distinct high-resolution shape distributions using geometric measures from stochastic geometry. The resulting shape distributions define well-populated regions of the associated high-dimensional space. Mapping an unknown breast cancer sample into this high-D space and determining to which region it belongs will allow for the automatic estimation of its histologic grade.
Scavenger receptor-mediated uptake and metabolism of lipid vesicles containing acidic phospholipids by mouse peritoneal macrophages. (1990)

We studied the mechanism of uptake and metabolism of exogenous phospholipids in mouse peritoneal macrophages using vesicles composed of various phospholipids and cholesterol. Macrophages in culture were found to actively incorporate and metabolize phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol vesicles containing small amounts of acidic phospholipids such as phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, or phosphatidic acid and to store the fatty acyl chains and cholesterol in triacylglycerol and cholesteryl ester form in their cytosol. These cells exhibited massive amounts of oil red O-positive lipid droplets, a typical feature of foam cells. The metabolism of exogenous phospholipid vesicles was completely inhibited by chloroquine and cytochalasin B, suggesting that vesicle uptake occurs by endocytosis. A similar type of metabolism was observed in guinea pig peritoneal macrophages, macrophage cell line J774.1, but not in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Competition studies using various ligands for the scavenger receptor showed that acetylated low density lipoprotein (acetyl-LDL), dextran sulfate, or fucoidan was able to compete for up to 60% of the binding of phosphatidylserine-containing vesicles, and that copper-oxidized LDL (oxidized LDL) competed for more than 90% of the vesicle binding. On the other hand, phosphatidylserine-containing vesicles was able to compete for more than 90% of the binding of acetyl-LDL. These results indicate that acidic phospholipids are recognized by the scavenger receptors on the surface of macrophages and that more than one scavenger receptor exists on mouse peritoneal macrophages, i.e. one capable of recognizing acetyl-LDL, oxidized LDL, and an array of acidic phospholipids on membranes, and the other recognizing both acidic phospholipids and oxidized LDL but not acetyl-LDL.
A Photoplethysmograph Signal Preprocess Method Based on Wavelet Transform (2021)

In this paper, a soft threshold method based on a wavelet transform, and a decomposition reconstruction method, are proposed to preprocess photoplethysmograph (PPG) signals. First, the soft threshold method is applied to remove the high-frequency noise. The wavelet decomposition and reconstruction method are then used to adjust the baseline drift in the PPG signals. The aim is to obtain a higher signal-to-noise ratio and smoother PPG signals. Finally, the validity of the proposed signal preprocessing method is verified using the general indicators of RMSE, the smoothness, and the starting point variance.
Application of Reflection Coefficient Dip to Layer Thickness Measurement by Acoustic Microscope (1985)

A new method of layer thickness measurement appropriate for the electroplating process is proposed using a reflection acoustic microscope. This method is an application of the phenomenon that a reflection coefficient takes a dip-like minimum as a function of wave frequency, layer thickness and incident angle. The dip-like minimum is understood due to the excitation of pseudo Sezawa mode by investigating the dispersion relation of a surface acoustic wave.
P448 Oral beclomethasone dipropionate as an add-on therapy and response prediction in Korean patients with ulcerative colitis (2022)

Abstract Background We aimed to investigate the efficacy of oral beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) as an add-on therapy to concomitant drugs and to clarify the predictive factors for response to oral BDP in Korean patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods Patients with a stable concomitant drug regimen with exposure to oral BDP (5 mg/day) within 30 days before initiation were included. The partial Mayo score (pMS) was used to evaluate response to oral BDP. Clinical remission (CREM) was defined as a posttreatment pMS ≤1 point. Clinical response (CRES) was defined as an at least 2-points decrease in the posttreatment pMS and an at least 30% decrease from the baseline pMS. Patients without CREM or CRES were considered nonresponders (NRs). Results Of total 100 patients, 37 showed CREM, 19 showed CRES, and 44 were NRs (Table 1). The CREM group included more patients with mild disease activity (75.7% vs. 43.2%, P=0.011) than the NR group. In contrast to NR group, responders including CREM and CRES showed significant improvement of posttreatment ESR and CRP (ESR with P=0.001, CRP with P=0.004, respectively). Moreover, initial rectal bleeding subscore (RBS) was significantly different between CREM and CRES, or NR (both with P&amp;lt;0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, initially mild disease activity was the only predictive factor for CREM (odds ratio, 3.580; 95% confidence interval, 1.342–9.548) (Table 2). Conclusion Oral BDP is efficacious as an add-on therapy in Korean UC patients. In case of acute aggravation, patients with mild disease activity, especially low RBS, may be good candidates for oral BDP.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide receptor subtypes in human tumors and their tissues of origin. (2000)

The evaluation of peptide receptors in man is needed not only to discover the physiological target tissues of a given peptide but also to identify diseases with a sufficient receptor overexpression for diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) receptors have been evaluated in human tumors and in their tissues of origin using in vitro receptor autoradiography with 125I-VIP or 125I-acetyl-PACAP-27 in tissue sections. The VIP/PACAP receptor subtypes VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1 were evaluated in these tissues by determining the rank order of potencies of VIP and PACAP as well as VPAC1- and VPAC2-selective analogues. The VIP/PACAP receptors expressed in the great majority of the most frequently occurring human tumors, including breast (100% receptor incidence), prostate (100%), pancreas (65%), lung (58%), colon (96%), stomach (54%), liver (49%), and urinary bladder (100%) carcinomas as well as lymphomas (58%) and meningiomas (100%), are predominantly of the VPAC1 type. Their cells or tissues of origin, i.e., hepatocytes, breast lobules and ducts, urothelium, prostate glands, pancreatic ducts, lung acini, gastrointestinal mucosa, and lymphocytes, also predominantly express VPAC1. Leiomyomas predominantly express VPAC2 receptors, whereas paragangliomas, pheochromocytomas, and endometrial carcinomas preferentially express PAC1 receptors. Conversely, VPAC2 receptors are found mainly in smooth muscle (i.e., stomach), in vessels, and in stroma (e.g., of the prostate), whereas PAC1 receptors are present in the adrenal medulla and in some uterine glands. Whereas the very wide distribution of VIP/PACAP receptors in the normal human body is indicative of a key role of these peptides in human physiology, the high VIP/PACAP receptor expression in tumors may represent the molecular basis for clinical applications of VIP/PACAP such as in vivo scintigraphy and radiotherapy of tumors as well as VIP/PACAP analogue treatment for tumor growth inhibition.
Influence of the expansion dynamics of laser-produced gold plasmas on thin film structure grown in various atmospheres (2003)

The expansion dynamics of plasma produced by excimer laser ablation of a gold target was measured by means of spatially resolved real time emission spectroscopy. The emission line of the Au(I) neutral gold species at 267.65 nm was used to monitor the expansion dynamics of the plasma in several background gases (He, N2, O2, and Ar). The measurements were performed as a function of the gas pressure (from 4×10−5 to 4 Torr) and target-to-substrate distance (from 1.5 to 11 cm). Gold thin films were prepared in the same conditions and their structure was analyzed by x-ray diffraction. All films prepared fall into one of three categories: highly (111) oriented, mixed, or polycrystalline. All the films prepared herein show a transition from highly (111) oriented to mixed and then to polycrystalline as the velocity of the Au(I) neutral gold species decreases. In the case of inert background gases (He, N2, and Ar), the velocity at which the transition between the various types of structure occurs is remarkably constant. Highly (111) oriented films are obtained for Au(I) neutral gold species exceeding v1=2.4 km s−1 (5.8 eV), while a polycrystalline (nanocrystalline) film is formed when the velocity falls below v2=0.8 km s−1 (0.6 eV). The conditions of distance and pressure at which these velocities are attained differ greatly from one atmosphere to the other, reflecting the fact that the interaction between the expanding plasma and the background gases varies with the molar mass of the gas. In the case of O2, the transition velocities between the different structures are higher than those observed in He, N2, and Ar [v1=8.3 km s−1 (70.4 eV) and v2=3.4 km s−1 (11.8 eV)]. This reflects a significant difference in the growth mechanism of these films compared to those prepared in an inert atmosphere.
Traction drive with medium-frequency transformer - Control strategy based on NULL vectors (2014)

This paper presents research motivated by industrial demand for special novel high voltage traction drive topology devoted to minimization of traction transformer weight against classical locomotives operates on both 25kV/50Hz and 15kV/162/3Hz trolley voltages. This paper deals with testing of whole traction converter prototype in configuration: two single phase matrix converter + medium frequency transformer + single phase voltage-source active rectifier in selected transient states and verifying of proper function of control algorithms. The new control of traction converter based on inserting zero vectors has been proposed to smooth taken trolley current.
<title>Recognition of characteristic symbols in engineering drawings</title> (1992)

An algorithm to recognize characteristic symbols in engineering drawings is presented. Characteristic symbols help in the classification of dimensioning text into one of the following four classes: linear, angular, diametric, and radial. Recognition of characteristic symbols is an important tool for the extraction of dimension-sets in a machine drawing understanding system. Text in drawings is used to provide dimensioning and tolerance information, and to describe part details such as material, finish, etc. A text/graphics separation algorithm followed by a post-processing step is used to separate potential dimensioning text from graphics. The characteristic symbol in each dimensioning text block is recognized by the algorithm described here. This algorithm includes extraction of end points and critical points for each character/symbol in the text block, and a rule-based recognition system based on simple heuristics. Experimental results are presented.
Organic Thermoelectric Devices (2022)

Thermoelectric devices, which are usually composed of electrodes, thermoelectric materials and substrates, can directly convert electricity and heat. With the intrinsic advantages of organic materials, organic thermoelectric (OTE) devices have been widely explored for smart applications. With the rapid development of OTE materials in the past decade, construction of OTE devices received increasing attention. In this chapter, we summarize the geometries and construction methods of OTE devices, and introduce their applications in flexible generators, Peltier cooling elements, multi-functional sensors. It will provide the readers with the basic knowledge of OTE devices and the key development trend toward their promising applications in wearable electronics and Internet of Things.
Antenna miniaturization and nanoferrite magneto-dielectric materials (2010)

New magneto-dielectric material with improved electromagnetic properties in UHF band is manufactured. These electromagnetic properties, in particular the low levels of losses, show that this material could be useful to the design of miniaturized antennas in the VHF-UHF (300 MHz-700 MHz) range of frequency. This new material has been used to load a small coplanar slot antenna. Performances of the antenna as well as the new material is presented and compared with commercial magnetodielectric materials.
Simulation study of the influence of PEB reaction rates on resist LER (2015)

A stochastic resist simulator has first been calibrated to experimental results performed on a commercially available EUV resist, and subsequently has been used to study the influence of acid/base quenching rate and the polymer deprotection rate on resist LER for 22 nm half-pitch lines/spaces. Results indicate that larger quenching rates and smaller deprotection rates result in improved LER performance by causing an increase in the dose to size. With nominal quenching rate determined from literature, halving the deprotection rate relative to nominal value reduces the LER by 33%, while the dose to size increases by 2x. With nominal deprotection rate determined from literature, results indicate a low sensitivity of LER to quenching rate. Expected noise at the line edge calculated by using a shot noise model accounting for absorbed photons, acid, and base count, provides a good explanation for the LER trends calculated for several reaction rate scenarios.
A coaxial line based propagation channel for wireless communication between rotating machine components (2012)

A communication system of microwave signals between non-contacted inside and outside components of a machine tool is presented for special monitoring purpose. General problems such as load matching, power transmission efficiency and product feasibility must be considered for the design of such a system. In this paper, the design difficulties caused by restrictions of the size and discontinuity of the structures are discussed and a solution based on coaxial line is carried out. A total transmission loss less than 3 dB is achieved by implementing the concept for the given machine component in this paper and the obtained solution can be carried out with low production cost and is thus suited for mass production. The general idea and the theoretical design concepts can also be employed for other manufacturing technological processes with similar motivation, such as sensing and controlling applications.
Peptides and Proteins (2002)

Encompassing all aspects of the structures of peptides and proteins, this book adopts a uniquely problem-oriented approach to the topic. Starting with a look at the structures and properties of the twenty amino acids that occur in proteins, and moving on to the synthesis of polypeptides and the isolation of proteins, Peptides and Proteins then addresses the methods of analysis of protein characteristics, including the modern methods of sequence analysis by mass spectrometry. Further chapters examine the three-dimensional nature of protein structure, and introduce the student to the use of computer applications (molecular graphics, databases, bioinformatics) in protein chemistry. Original research data is used in many of the problems, and throughout sufficient background biology is included, thus putting the subject into context for chemists. Aimed at first and second-year chemistry students, this title will also be of interest to students of biochemistry. Ideal for the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, Tutorial Chemistry Texts is a major new series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples.