gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound thermometry in hyperthermia (2002)

A hyperthermia thermometry system using an ultrasound nonlinear effect caused by superposed pulses was developed. A feasibility study was made to obtain temperature mapping of tissue phantoms and of anesthetized pigs heated by an ultrasound applicator. The thermometry system consists of a mechanical sector scanner and a mainframe with a color monitor. The distribution of the temperature rise is calculated within one minute, and displayed on the monitor together with an ultrasound B-mode image. Experimental results show that a reasonable temperature rise mapping was obtained in both objects, agreeing to within 2 degrees C with the data obtained by thermocouples located in the phantom.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Glaucoma Pathogenesis and Neurotrophins: Focus on the Molecular and Genetic Basis for Therapeutic Prospects (2018)

Understanding genetic heterogeneity and involvement of neurotrophin biology in glaucoma could help to understand the complex pathophysiology of glaucoma. Identification of novel molecular targets will be critical for drug development and provide neuroprotection to the RGCs and optic nerve.
Failure Detection and Adaptive Compensation for Fault Tolerable Flight Control Systems (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents an advanced aircraft flight control system which is capable of providing failure detection, identification, and adaptive compensation in the event of the damage of control surfaces. The new approach is based on the detection of immediate changes of correlation between pitching, yawing, and rolling rates. The failure compensation mechanism is realized by an adaptive wavelet neural net-based proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The fault-tolerant mechanism is activated to regain effective control of the damaged aircraft whenever a control surface failure is detected. Design of a real-time executive kernel based on the RT-Linux operating system is experimentally conducted to realize and verify functions of our proposed design. </para>
The linguistic components of the REWARD dialogue creation environment and run time system (2002)

The present paper describes the linguistic components of a platform for building spoken language dialogue systems. The platform is being designed and implemented within the EU-language engineering project REWARD. The linguistic components mainly consist of a suite of general unification based natural language processing utilities and a window based Sub Grammar Design Tool which provides non-experts access to the utilities. The Sub Grammar Design Tool enables nonexpert users to implement sub grammars for speech understanding within a minimum of effort.
Use of Highly Reactive, Versatile and Air‐Stable Palladium—Phosphinous Acid Complex [(t‐Bu)2P(OH)]2PdCl2 (POPd) as a Catalyst for the Optimized Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Less Reactive Heteroaryl Chlorides and Arylboronic Acids. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Estudio de la expresión génica en cromosomas politénicos de tres especies de Drosophila del grupo obscura (1991)

EL PRESENTE TRABAJO SE SITUA EN EL MARCO DEL ESTUDIO DE LA EXPRESION GENICA DE DROSOPHILA. SE HA DETERMINADO LOS MODELOS DE PUFFS EN TRES ESPECIES FILOGENETICAMENTE MUY RELACIONADAS (D. SUBOBSCURA, D. GUANCHE, D. MADEIRENSIS) COMO ESTIMA DE LA EXPRESION SECUENCIAL DE LOS GENES DURANTE EL DESARROLLO. ELLO HA PERMITIDO IDENTIFICAR LOCI CON UN MISMO CONTROL GENICO, FRENTE A AQUELLOS DE EXPRESION DIFERENCIAL ENTRE LAS ESPECIES. UN SEGUNDO OBJETIVO GENERAL HA SIDO LA CARACTERIZACION GENETICA, EN LAS TRES ESPECIES, DE LA RESPUESTA FRENTE AL CHOQUE TERMICO. SE CONFIRMA EL CARACTER HOMEOSTATICO DE TAL MECANISMO Y SE DISCUTE SOBRE LA EVOLUCION DE LOS HSPS EN EL CONTEXTO DEL GENERO DROSOPHILA. POR ULTIMO SE HA IDENTIFICADO EN LAS ESPECIES MENCIONADAS, EL LOCUS HRSW CARACTERISTICO DE DROSOPHILA.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Squaramide‐Induced Cleavage of Benzils: Synthesis and Characterization of Mono‐Aroyl Squarimides. (2016)

Abstract An unprecedented cleavage of the inter‐carbonyl single bond of benzils is promoted by squaramide anions.
Supplementary figure legends from Novel Oral mTORC1/2 Inhibitor TAK-228 Has Synergistic Antitumor Effects When Combined with Paclitaxel or PI3Kα Inhibitor TAK-117 in Preclinical Bladder Cancer Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary figure legends&lt;/p&gt;
The practical application of solid coupled ultrasonic transducers (1996)

The operations of a solid coupled wheel probe of center frequency 3.8 MHz and a solid coupled contact transducer (static probe) of center frequency 7 MHz are described. Both devices output broadband pulses and can be used with a standard ultrasonic test set with no extra amplification or signal processing. The wheel probe is designed for rapid scanning of structures; the static probe, for point measurements. Both devices use a low loss rubber that allows increased design flexibility. When the wheel probe was scanned over a uniform aluminum plate with a smooth surface an amplitude variation of {+-}6% ({+-}0.5 dB) was measured. This signal variation was due to coupling variation at the tire-test structure interface and so defines the best accuracy currently possible with the wheel probe. An automotive steel-adhesive-steel adhesive joint, a stainless steel to aluminum bond, and a carbon to copper bond were successfully interrogated with the wheel probe. Practical measurement problems associated with these applications are discussed. The static probe was found to give similar time domain results to those obtained with the wheel probe. If time-of-flight measurements are required rather than amplitude measurements, as is the case in a typical thickness gaging application, the static probemore » (and the wheel probe if required) can operate successfully on rough surfaces. Very rough surfaces can be inspected with a hybrid system that requires a small amount of coupling liquid. In this system the rubber conforms around the larger surface roughness contours and the small amount of liquid couplant fills the remaining gaps. For example, a light wipe of the rubber with couplant was sufficient to provide coupling for several measurements with the static probe.« less
An update on small molecule inhibitors of the HCV NS5B polymerase: effects on RNA synthesis in vitro and in cultured cells, and potential resistance in viral quasispecies (2010)

An update on small molecule inhibitors of the HCV NS5B polymerase: effects on RNA synthesis in vitro and in cultured cells, and potential resistance in viral quasispecies S Chinnaswamy, H Cai, C KaoDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USAAbstract: Chronic infection by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is currently no prophylactic vaccine against HCV, and the treatment is currently limited to modified interferon and ribavirin. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of HCV is an attractive target for inhibitor development, and this has led to active efforts in the development of nucleoside and non-nucleoside inhibitors. The HCV polymerase is also one of the model systems for detailed analysis of how RdRp structure affects the mechanism of RNA synthesis. This review summarizes current efforts with inhibitors targeting the HCV RdRp and how the various inhibitors affect the mechanism of RNA synthesis.Keywords: HCV infection, RdRp, nucleoside inhibitors, subgenomic replicons, ProTides, ribavirin, allosteric site
Polymerization with TMA-protected polar vinyl comonomers. I. Catalyzed by group 4 metal complexes with ?5-type ligands (1999)

This paper describes the use of several kinds of group IV Cp based catalyst systems, in the synthesis of co- and terpolymers of ethylene, propylene and α-olefins endowed with OH and COOH functional groups. The hydroxy monomers used were 5-hexen-1-ol (4) and 10-undecen-1-ol (5) and the carboxy monomer was 10-undecen-1-oic acid (6). The three catalyst systems used were the C2 symmetric ansa-zirconocene (1) the “in-site” titanium complex (2) and the non-rigid zirconocene (3), all activated by methylaluminoxane. Trimethylaluminium was used to protect the functional group of polar monomers. The first two catalyst systems suffer similar activity loss in the presence of polar monomer whereas the third one exhibited better tolerance toward the hydroxyolefins. NMR and FTIR spectroscopies were used to characterize the polymerization products. All three catalyst systems afforded functionalized co- and terpolymers by direct polymerization of ethylene/propylene/hydroxy-α-olefins but only the catalyst system (1)/MAO displays appreciable activities for direct polymerization of ethylene, propylene and carboxy-α-olefins. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2457–2469, 1999
Molecular modeling of voltage-gated potassium channel pore. (1997)

The model proposed was consistent with the derived restraints from the experimental results.
Direct Formation of Nanohybrid Shish-Kebab in the Injection Molded Bar of Polyethylene/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Composite (2009)

The formation of a nanohybrid shish-kebab (NHSK) superstructure, in which fibrillous carbon nanotubes (CNTs) act as shish while polymer lamellae act as kebab, is a novel way to bond the polymer and CNTs together and was first observed in the solution crystallization of polyethylene in the presence of CNTs. In this work, a direct formation of nanohybrid shish-kebab in the injection molded bar of high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite, has been achieved, via a so-called dynamic packing injection molding technology (DPIM), in which oscillatory shear field was imposed on the gradually cooled melt during the packing solidification stage. Interestingly, whatever the long axis of CNTs is perpendicular to or parallel to the shear flow direction, the lamellae of PE is always perpendicular to long axis of CNTs. The three-step mechanism, including (1) the disentanglement and orientation of both PE and CNTs, (2) PE folded-chain lamellae directly nucleated on CNTs surface and/or first formation of PE extended-chain shish directly on CNTs surface then followed by nucleation of folded-chain lamellae, and (3) the crystallization of PE kebabs on the PE decorated CNTs fibrils, was proposed to understand the formation of NHSK under effect of shear. Importantly, the NHSK structure can bring significant mechanical reinforcement in the HDPE/MWCNTs composite. For the oriented composites containing 5% MWCNTs, its tensile strength is increased by 150% and 270%, compared to the oriented pure HDPE and the isotropic composites containing 5% CNTs, respectively; meanwhile, its Young's modulus is enhanced by 130% and 180%, compared to the oriented pure HDPE and the isotropic composites containing 5% CNTs, respectively. This work is the first to enlarge the theoretical value and application potential of NHSK structure in the crystallizable polymer/CNTs composite.
Polymer Compatibility (1972)

Abstract Polymer compatibility, as reviewed in this paper, will refer to the miscibility of homopolymers with each other and with random copolymers in the amorphous, noncrystalline state, with no distinction made between rubbers and glasses. This paper will not deal with mixed crystal formation in mixtures of crystalline polymers and it will also not deal with the types of phase separation observed in block copolymers and in mixtures of block copolymers with other high polymers. Within these limits, the present discussion will cover the miscibility of copolymers and of homopolymers, in bulk and in solution, from the experimental and from the theoretical points of view. A simple way to use one theoretical treatment to predict compatibility of polymers in bulk has been included in this review.
CD40-CD40 Ligand Interactions Promote Trafficking of CD8 + T Cells into the Brain and Protection against West Nile Virus Encephalitis (2007)

Recent studies have established a protective role for T cells during primary West Nile virus (WNV) infection. Binding of CD40 by CD40 ligand (CD40L) on activated CD4+ T cells provides an important costimulatory signal for immunoglobulin class switching, antibody affinity maturation, and priming of CD8+ T-cell responses. We examined here the function of CD40-dependent interactions in limiting primary WNV infection. Compared to congenic wild-type mice, CD40(-/-) mice uniformly succumbed to WNV infection. Although CD40(-/-) mice produced low levels of WNV-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG, viral clearance from the spleen and serum was not altered, and CD8+ T-cell priming in peripheral lymphoid tissues was normal. Unexpectedly, CD8+ T-cell trafficking to the central nervous system (CNS) was markedly impaired in CD40(-/-) mice, and this correlated with elevated WNV titers in the CNS and death. In the brains of CD40(-/-) mice, T cells were retained in the perivascular space and did not migrate into the parenchyma, the predominant site of WNV infection. In contrast, in wild-type mice, T cells trafficked to the site of infection in neurons. Beside its role in maturation of antibody responses, our experiments suggest a novel function of CD40-CD40L interactions: to facilitate T-cell migration across the blood-brain barrier to control WNV infection.
Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes into Thermoplastic Polymers using Melt Mixing (2004)

This paper presents melt mixed composites where two ways of introducing nanotubes in polymer matrices were used. In the first case, commercially available masterbatches of nanotube/polymer composites are used as the starting material which are diluted by the pure polymer in a subsequent melt mixing process (masterbatch dilution method) while in the other case nanotubes are directly incorporated into the polymer matrix. As an example of the masterbatch dilution method, composites of polycarbonate with MWNT are presented which are produced using different melt mixing equipments. The lowest percolation threshold was found at about 0.5 wt% MWNT using a Brabender PL‐19 single screw extruder. The nanotube dispersion as observed by TEM investigations is quite homogeneous. The direct incorporation method is discussed in composites of polycarbonate with MWNT and SWNT. The nanotube addition significantly changes the stress‐strain behavior of the composites: modulus and stress are increased; however, elongation is reduced especially above the percolation concentration.
Structural changes of regenerated cellulose dissolved in FeTNa, NaOH/thiourea, and NMMO systems (2008)

Abstract Regenerated cellulose was prepared from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) via dissolution in three well‐known nonderivatizing systems: ferric chloride/sodium tartarate/sodium hydroxide (FeTNa), sodium hydroxide/thiourea (NaOH/thiourea), and N ‐methylmorpholine‐ N ‐oxide (NMMO) systems. The effect of regeneration using the different systems on the supramolecular structure of the regenerated celluloses was studied using X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The effect of regeneration on supermolecular structure, morphology, and thermal stability of regenerated celluloses were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of regeneration systems used on the chemical reactivity of cellulose toward carboxymethylation, acetylation, and cyanoethylation reactions was briefly studied. The results showed dependence of all the aforementioned properties on the dissolution reagent used in spite of that all studied reagents cause the same change in cellulose crystalline structure (from cellulose I to cellulose II). The degree of polymerization, crystallinity, and thermal stability of the regenerated cellulose (RC) samples were in the following order: NaOH/thiourea RC &gt; FeTNa RC &gt; NMMO RC. SEM micrograph showed unique surface for the NMMO RC sample. The reactivity of the different regenerated cellulose samples toward carboxymethylation, cyanoethylation, and acetylation depended mainly on the reaction system and conditions used rather than on crystallinity of regenerated cellulose. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Cornea in Marfan disease: Orbscan and in vivo confocal microscopy analysis. (2002)

MFS is known to be associated with a flattened cornea. This study demonstrated an association with corneal thinning and described confocal microscopy findings in this syndrome.
Targeting the Nuclear Factor-κB Rescue Pathway Has Promising Future in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Therapy (2007)

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains refractory to therapies. The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factor is involved in cell growth, cell motility, and vascularization. We evaluated whether targeting NF-kappaB could be of therapeutic and prognostic values in human RCC. The activation of the NF-kappaB pathway in human RCC cells and tumors was investigated by Western blot. In vitro, the effects of BAY 11-7085 and sulfasalazine, two NF-kappaB inhibitors, on tumor cell growth were investigated by cell counting, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Their specificity toward NF-kappaB was analyzed by Western blot, confocal microscopy, NF-kappaB small interfering RNA, and NF-kappaB transcription assay. In vivo, the effects of BAY 11-7085 on the growth of human RCC tumors were investigated in nude mice. A tissue microarray (TMA) containing 241 cases of human RCC with 12 to 22 years of clinical follow-up and corresponding normal tissues was built up to assess prognostic significance of activated NF-kappaB. NF-kappaB is constitutively activated in cultured cells expressing or not the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene as a consequence of Akt kinase activation and in tumors. In vitro and in vivo NF-kappaB inhibition blocked tumor cell growth by inducing cell apoptosis. On the TMA, NF-kappaB activation was correlated with tumor dimension but was not found to be an independent prognostic factor for patient survival. This report provides strong evidence that the mechanisms responsible for the intrinsic resistance of RCC cells to apoptosis converge on NF-kappaB independently of VHL expression and that targeting this pathway has great anticancer potential.
HTc-SQUID Beam Current Monitor at the RIBF (2016)

A high critical temperature (HTc) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) beam current monitor (SQUID monitor) has been built and installed in the beam transport line in the radioactive isotope beam factory (RIBF) at RIKEN in Japan. The SQUID monitor can measure the DC current of heavy-ion beams non-destructively at high resolution. Unlike at other existing facilities, as a low vibration, pulse-tube refrigerator cools the HTc fabrications including the SQUID, the size of the system is reduced and the running costs are lowered. Recently, the magnetic shielding system has been greatly reinforced. The measurement resolution is determined by the signal to noise ratio, which is improved by attenuating the external magnetic noise. Furthermore, the data acquisition and control program, currently being written using LabVIEW is providing the trend graph of the measured beam current. In this graph it was observed that the amplitude of ripples in the modulated beam current increased with the beam current. Here we report the details of SQUID monitoring system and the results of the beam measurement.
Membrane-Based Wet Electrostatic Precipitation (2005)

Emissions of fine particulate matter, PM2.5, in both primary and secondary form, are difficult to capture in typical dry electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). Wet (or water-based) ESPs are well suited for collection of acid aerosols and fine particulates because of greater corona power and virtually no re-entrainment. However, field disruptions because of spraying (misting) of water, formation of dry spots (channeling), and collector surface corrosion limit the applicability of current wet ESPs in the control of secondary PM2.5. Researchers at Ohio University have patented novel membrane collection surfaces to address these problems. Water-based cleaning in membrane collectors made of corrosion-resistant fibers is facilitated by capillary action between the fibers, maintaining an even distribution of water. This paper presents collection efficiency results of lab-scale and pilot-scale testing at FirstEnergy's Bruce Mansfield Plant for the membrane-based wet ESP. The data indicate that a membrane wet ESP was more effective at collecting fine particulates, acid aerosols, and oxidized mercury than the metal-plate wet ESP, even with approximately 15% less collecting area.
ChemInform Abstract: The 1,1′‐Ethylenebis(4‐(methoxycarbonyl)pyridinyl) Diradical and Its Photosensitive Cyclomers. (1987)

Abstract Reduction of the dibromide of (I) with Na amalgam first gives the cation radical (I)+· which shows a well‐resolved ESR spectrum.
Coding for interactive computation: Progress and challenges (2012)

We highlight some recent progress and challenges in the area of interactive coding and information complexity.
A Modified Model for the Mechanism of Symmetric Electrochromic Cells (1980)

The coloration and bleaching kinetics of a symmetric electrochromic cell have been investigated. The current-time response of the symmetric cell is explained by a modified equation concerning space-charge limited current, which includes a term of time-depended voltage. From an experiment using a reference electrode it was found that the voltage change of the cell is due to the generation of electromotive force between an electrochromic layer and an electrolyte and also to the change of potential distribution between two electrochromic layers of the cell.
Gaze-based video games for assessment of attention outside of the lab (2019)

Advances in remote therapeutics also demand simultaneous development of remote assessment tools. Here, we report on a comparison of gamified assessments that we developed for assessing three components of the broad construct of attention, that will be used as part of an attention training suite designed to be used outside of the laboratory.
The Current Trends in SBS and phase conjugation (2012)

Abstract The current trends in stimulated Brillouin scattering and optical phase conjugation are overviewed. This report is formed by the selected papers presented in the “Fifth International Workshop on stimulated Brillouin scattering and phase conjugation 2010” in Japan. The nonlinear properties of phase conjugation based on stimulated Brillouin scattering and photo-refraction can compensate phase distortions in the high power laser systems, and they will also open up potentially novel laser technologies, e.g., phase stabilization, beam combination, pulse compression, ultrafast pulse shaping, and arbitrary waveform generation.