gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A polarization-independent torsion sensor based on the near-helical long period fiber grating (2018)

A torsion sensor based on the near-helical (NH) long period fiber grating (LPFG) is fabricated by using a high frequency pulsed CO2 laser. Each groove of the NH-LPFG is spirally written in the four sides of a single-mode fiber. The NH-LPFG has a helical periodic vertical index modulation. This is different from the screw-type index modulation of the common helical LPFGs (H-LPFGs) fabricated in a twisted fiber. The torsion and temperature characteristics of the NH-LPFG are experimentally investigated. The temperature sensitivity is about 0.0668 nm/°C. The torsion sensitivity is 0.103 nm/(rad/m) and independent of the polarization state of incident light.
The Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sarcoidosis (2016)

The treatment of patients with sarcoidosis, particularly those with complicated disease courses, requires close collaboration of the primary care physician with a specialized interdisciplinary center.
Measurement of the valence band-offset in a PbSe/ZnO heterojunction by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2012)

A heterojunction of PbSe/ZnO has been grown by molecular beam epitaxy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to directly measure the valence-band offset (VBO) of the heterojunction. The VBO, ΔEV, was determined as 2.51 ± 0.05 eV using the Pb 4p3/2 and Zn 2p3/2 core levels as a reference. The conduction-band offset, ΔEC, was, therefore, determined to be 0.59 ± 0.05 eV based on the above ΔEV value. This analysis indicates that the PbSe/ZnO heterojunction forms a type I (Straddling Gap) heterostructure.
Analysis of the GHS Weil Descent Attack on the ECDLP over Characteristic Two Finite Fields of Composite Degree (2002)

Abstract In this paper, the authors analyze the Gaudry-Hess-Smart (GHS) Weil descent attack on the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP) for elliptic curves defined over characteristic two finite fields of composite extension degree. For each such field F2N, where N is in [100,600], elliptic curve parameters are identified such that: (i) there should exist a cryptographically interesting elliptic curve E over F2N with these parameters; and (ii) the GHS attack is more efficient for solving the ECDLP in E(F2N) than for solving the ECDLP on any other cryptographically interesting elliptic curve over F2N. The feasibility of the GHS attack on the specific elliptic curves is examined over F2176, F2208, F2272, F2304 and F2368, which are provided as examples in the ANSI X9.62 standard for the elliptic curve signature scheme ECDSA. Finally, several concrete instances are provided of the ECDLP over F2N, N composite, of increasing difficulty; these resist all previously known attacks, but are within reach of the GHS attack.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare‐Earth Aluminosilicate Glasses. (1990)

Abstract Rare‐earth aluminosilicate glasses of the general formula 20 Ln2O3·20 Al 2 O 3 ·60 SiO 2 (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Yb) are prepared as well as two series of mixed rare‐earth glasses containing Nd/Er and Nd/Y, respectively.
Comprehensive Analysis of DWARF14-LIKE2 (DLK2) Reveals Its Functional Divergence from Strigolactone-Related Paralogs (2017)

Strigolactones (SLs) and related butenolides, originally identified as active seed germination stimulants of parasitic weeds, play important roles in many aspects of plant development. Two members of the D14 α/β hydrolase protein family, DWARF14 (D14) and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) are essential for SL/butenolide signaling. The third member of the family in Arabidopsis, DWARF 14-LIKE2 (DLK2) is structurally very similar to D14 and KAI2, but its function is unknown. We demonstrated that DLK2 does not bind nor hydrolyze natural (+)5-deoxystrigol [(+)5DS], and weakly hydrolyzes non-natural strigolactone (-)5DS. A detailed genetic analysis revealed that DLK2 does not affect SL responses and can regulate seedling photomorphogenesis. <i>DLK2</i> is upregulated in the dark dependent upon KAI2 and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs), indicating that DLK2 might function in light signaling pathways. In addition, unlike its paralog proteins, DLK2 is not subject to <i>rac</i>-GR24-induced degradation, suggesting that DLK2 acts independently of MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2); however, regulation of DLK2 transcription is mostly accomplished through MAX2. In conclusion, these data suggest that DLK2 represents a divergent member of the DWARF14 family.
Analysis of Frozen Reduction Effect and Economic Evaluation of Recycled PET-Soil (2014)

ABSTRACT During the winter and spring seasons in Korea, structures such as buried water supply pipelines, roads, railways are frequently damaged due to frost heaving and thawing. Until now, the method of substituting the frost susceptible soil with the gravel or rubbles those are non-frost susceptible materials have been employed in Korea to prevent frost heaving. A series of laboratory soil tests and indoor frozen soil engineering experiments, as well as laboratory frost heaving tests were conducted for seeking the means of utilizing recycled PET bottles as substitute material. 요 지 우리나라는 계절적 특성상 겨울철 지반동결과 봄철 해빙이 반복적으로 나타나 지반의 부등침하가 발생하고 이로 인해 철 도나 도로, 상수관등의 구조물이 손상되거나 피해를 입는다 . 이러한 현상을 방지하기 위해자갈 또는 잡석 등을 동상저감재로 이용하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 폐 PET를 가공하여 인공골재를 제작하고 이에 대한 공학적 특성 시험과 동상팽창실험을 통해 동상저감 대체 재료로 활용 가능여부를 판별하였다. 또한 동상저감 대체 재료로 폐 PET를 가공한 인공골재를 사용할 경우와 기존 재료를 사용할 경우의 경제성 비교를 통해 현장적용의 적절성에 대한 평가를 수행 하였다 .Keywords : Frost heave, PET aggregate, Recycled PET, Frost reduction effect한국토목섬유학회논문집 제13권 4호 2014년 12월 pp. 153 ∼ 159J. Korean Geosynthetics Society Vol.13 No.4 December. 2014 pp. 153 ~ 159DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12814/jkgss.2014.13.4.153ISSN:1975-2423(Print) 2287-9528(Online)
Increased avalanche breakdown voltage and controlled surface electric fields using a junction termination extension (JTE) technique (1983)

Extremely high breakdown voltages with very low leakage current have been achieved in plane and planar p-n junctions by using an ion-implemented junction extension for precise control of the depletion region charge in the junction termination. A theory is presented which shows a greatly improved control of both the peak surface and bulk electric fields in reverse biased p-n junctions. Experimental results show breakdown voltages greater than 95 percent of the ideal breakdown voltage with lower leakage currents than corresponding unimplanted devices. As an example, diodes with a normal breakdown voltage of 1050 V and a 0.5 mA leakage current become 1400 V (1450 ideal) devices with a 5 µA leakage current. Applications of the junction termination technique is feasible in MOS technology, but is more attractive in power devices where reduced surface fields are as important as the extremely high breakdown voltages. Reduced surface fields allow more flexibility in passivation techniques, two of which we have used to date. Our results also show that the implant can be activated at a variety of temperatures with a good degree of success; process flexibility being the goal of these tests.
Classifier Stacking and Voting for Text Filtering (2002)

This paper summarizes the approach and the results of the TextCat system participating in the Filtering track in the Text Retrieval Conference 2002. The system relies primarily on statistical methods, and was designed with the main purpose of having a backbone system in which we can further integrate semantic components, and evaluate their relative performance as compared to traditional statistical approaches. The system is therefore simple, and is based on techniques for keywords extraction, and various classifier combinations including stacking and voting. TextCat participated in the Batch and Routing tasks. In the Batch task, it achieved a score of 39.02% normalized utility, and 26.37% F-measure respectively, averaged over all topics. The averaged uninterpolated precision for our best routing submission was 14.16%.
Formation of highly uniform silicon nanoparticles in high density silane plasmas (2003)

We have investigated silicon particles formed in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system and have measured their structural properties by electron microscopy. ICP silane plasmas are shown to be an interesting and versatile source of nanoparticles. Three regimes are mapped out: a regime of no observable particle growth at the lowest pressures, a regime of polydisperse and agglomerated particles at the highest pressures, and a regime yielding highly monodisperse particles at intermediate pressures. Our results suggest that an ICP allows this unique production of monodisperse nanoparticles at high concentrations. The particle size can be controlled from 15 to 200 nm and is determined by the plasma on time. For short plasma times, particle growth appears to be due primarily to coagulation, while in the second phase particle growth is attributed primarily to surface deposition. For H2 dilutions less than 92%, the growth rate is almost independent of H2 partial pressure. Transmission electron micrographs, however, indicate that the addition of hydrogen decreases the particle density. At higher dilution ratios, polycrystalline particles are obtained. Under all other conditions the particles are amorphous.
Proximity-associated errors in contour metrology (2010)

In contour metrology the CD-SEM (critical dimension scanning electron microscope) assigns a continuous boundary to extended features in an image. The boundary is typically assigned as a simple function of the signal intensity, for example by a brightness threshold or gradient. However, the neighborhood of different points along the feature boundary may vary considerably. Some parts of the boundary may have close neighboring features while others are relatively isolated. Neighboring features can obstruct the escape of secondary electrons. Varying proximity of neighbors therefore represents an influence on detected intensity. An intensity difference caused by a neighborhood difference can be incorrectly interpreted as a contour shift, for example when the contour passes from an isolated neighborhood to a dense one. The magnitude of this offset variation is estimated using images produced by JMONSEL, a Monte Carlo simulator of SEM secondary electron imaging, from simple model test patterns with varying neighborhoods. Similar structures were subsequently measured by both SEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Apparent shifts (i.e., errors) on the order of 0.5 nm to 1.0 nm for each edge were observed in both modeled and measured SEM images as compared to AFM when edge positions were assigned by using a fixed image brightness contour. Assignment of edges by brightness relative to the local background and local maximum brightness resulted in measurements that were less sensitive to neighborhood differences.
Compact multi-band fluorescent microscope with an electrically tunable lens for autofocusing (2015)

Autofocusing is a routine technique in redressing focus drift that occurs in time-lapse microscopic image acquisition. To date, most automatic microscopes are designed on the distance detection scheme to fulfill the autofocusing operation, which may suffer from the low contrast of the reflected signal due to the refractive index mismatch at the water/glass interface. To achieve high autofocusing speed with minimal motion artifacts, we developed a compact multi-band fluorescent microscope with an electrically tunable lens (ETL) device for autofocusing. A modified searching algorithm based on equidistant scanning and curve fitting is proposed, which no longer requires a single-peak focus curve and then efficiently restrains the impact of external disturbance. This technique enables us to achieve an autofocusing time of down to 170 ms and the reproductivity of over 97%. The imaging head of the microscope has dimensions of 12 cm × 12 cm × 6 cm. This portable instrument can easily fit inside standard incubators for real-time imaging of living specimens.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1- 4 from Targeting STAT3 in Adoptively Transferred T Cells Promotes Their <i>In Vivo</i> Expansion and Antitumor Effects (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1- 4 from Targeting STAT3 in Adoptively Transferred T Cells Promotes Their &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Expansion and Antitumor Effects
Supplementary Table 4 from A Modified <i>Sleeping Beauty</i> Transposon System That Can Be Used to Model a Wide Variety of Human Cancers in Mice (2023)

Supplementary Table 4 from A Modified &lt;i&gt;Sleeping Beauty&lt;/i&gt; Transposon System That Can Be Used to Model a Wide Variety of Human Cancers in Mice
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Conformation of Gly—Gly Dipeptides Constrained with Phenylalanine‐Like Aminocaproic Acid Linkers. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High performance graphene field effect transistors on an aluminum nitride substrate with high surface phonon energy (2014)

We demonstrate top-gate graphene field effect transistors (FETs) on an aluminum nitrite (AlN) substrate with high surface phonon energy. Electrical transport measurements reveal significant improvement of the carrier mobility of graphene FETs on AlN compared to those on SiO2. This is attributed to the suppression of surface phonon scattering due to the high surface phonon energy of the AlN substrate. The RF cut-off frequency of the graphene FET is also greatly increased when the AlN substrate is used. AlN can easily be formed on a Si or SiO2 substrate using a standard semiconductor process and thus provides a practical way to improve the performance of graphene FETs.
A chip-set enabling B-ISDN ATM UNI transmission convergence (TC) AAL 3/4-layers, and ATM layer functions (2002)

An internet-working unit called UNICORN is used to interconnect LANs such as Ethernet and MANs such as DQDB over a SDH-based ATM network carrying data at 155Mb/s. Two monolithic B-ISDN ICs perform the critical ATM functions: the TCS chip and the ATM-AAL chip.
Identity Selection Hints for the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) (2006)

The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is defined in RFC 3748.This document defines a mechanism that allows an access network to provide identity selection hints to an EAP peer --the end of the link that responds to the authenticator.The purpose is to assist the EAP peer in selecting an appropriate Network Access Identifier (NAI).This is useful in situations where the peer does not receive a lower-layer indication of what network it is connecting to, or when there is no direct roaming relationship between the access network and the peer's home network.In the latter case, authentication is typically accomplished via a mediating network such as a roaming consortium or broker.The mechanism defined in this document is limited in its scalability.It is intended for access networks that have a small to moderate number of direct roaming partners.
RF CMOS technology (2005)

RF CMOS characteristics have been traditionally regarded as poorer than those of Si-bipolar and compound devices. However, recent aggressive downsizing of CMOS devices has improved their RF characteristics significantly and some of them have already exceeded some Si-bipolar and GaAs transistors. In the near future, RF front-end and base band chips could merge into one chip. In this paper, the current status and future prospects of advanced RF CMOS technology are described, especially with comparison to SiGe BiCMOS RF technologies.
Copper Deposition and Formation of Nano-Particles (2014)

The cementation of copper ions from copper sulfate solution was studied using iron wire and iron powder. The influence of initial copper concentration has considerable effect on cumulative copper deposition. The copper deposition rate data could be interpreted by using shrinking core model. The effects of temperature and pH were substantial and have been studied and interpreted. The activation energy of the system within the temperature range of 23–54°C was found to be 14.23 (iron wire) and 30.20 kJ per mol (iron powder), respectively. The morphology of copper deposits studied showed that the reactions have the potential to produce particle sizes within nano range.
Correlating the electronic structures of metallic/semiconducting MoTe2 interface to its atomic structures (2020)

Contact interface properties are important in determining the performances of devices that are based on atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials, especially for those with short channels. Understanding the contact interface is therefore important to design better devices. Herein, we use scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations to reveal the electronic structures within the metallic (1T<sup>'</sup>)-semiconducting (2H) MoTe<sub>2</sub> coplanar phase boundary across a wide spectral range and correlate its properties to atomic structures. We find that the 2H-MoTe<sub>2</sub> excitonic peaks cross the phase boundary into the 1T<sup>'</sup> phase within a range of approximately 150 nm. The 1T<sup>'</sup>-MoTe<sub>2</sub> crystal field can penetrate the boundary and extend into the 2H phase by approximately two unit-cells. The plasmonic oscillations exhibit strong angle dependence, that is a red-shift of π+σ (approximately 0.3-1.2 eV) occurs within 4 nm at 1T<sup>'</sup>/2H-MoTe<sub>2</sub> boundaries with large tilt angles, but there is no shift at zero-tilted boundaries. These atomic-scale measurements reveal the structure-property relationships of the 1T<sup>'</sup>/2H-MoTe<sub>2</sub> boundary, providing useful information for phase boundary engineering and device development based on 2D materials.
"Yes, but does it scale?" (2001)

This paper explores the process of designing and implementing a database-driven system of online documentation, and putting it live on the web for customers to use. Using real-life examples, it discusses practical considerations for balancing performance, scalability, and reliability.
ISOLATION AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITIONS OF FOUR SOMATOSTATIN–LIKE SUBSTANCES IN CHICKEN HYPOTHALAMIC EXTRACT (1984)

Four peptides having SRIF-like bioactivity when assayed by a rat anterior pituitary cell culture system have been isolated from chicken hypothalamic extracts. These four peptides have been purified from 2,000-5,000 chicken hypothalami in a yield of 2.2 nmol to 16 nmol. The isolated SRIFs have been characterized by amino acid analysis. One consists of 28 amino acids which are identical with mammalian SRIF-28 except that one Met residue is replaced by a Leu residue. Three other SRIF-like substances with low mol wt have also been isolated in a pure state. One is identical with mammalian SRIF-14, as judged by chromatographic comparison on HPLC and its amino acid composition as well as the specific bioactivity on rat pituitary cells. The amino acid composition and specific bioactivity of another one is identical with that of mammalian SRIF-14, but it is different from mammalian SRIF-14 in its elution position on HPLC. The third SRIF-like substance consists of 16 amino acids and is less potent than mammalian SRIF-14. It is concluded that several SRIF-like peptides exist and that SRIF-28, with one amino acid substitution from Met to Leu, and SRIF-14, identical with the mammalian one, are the major components in chicken hypothalamus.
ChemInform Abstract: FUROPYRIDINES. II. BROMINATION AND NITRATION OF FURO(2,3‐B)‐, FURO(3,2‐B)‐, FURO(2,3‐C) AND FURO(3,2‐C)PYRIDINE (1985)

Abstract Die Bromierung und Nitrierung der isomeren Furopyridine (Ia)‐(IVa) wird untersucht.
An efficient and scalable approach for implementing fault-tolerant DSM architectures (2000)

Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) architectures are attractive to execute high performance parallel applications. Made up of a large number of components, these architectures have however a high probability of failure. We propose a protocol to tolerate node failures in cache-based DSM architectures. The proposed solution is based on backward error recovery and consists of an extension to the existing coherence protocol to manage data used by processors for the computation and recovery data used for fault tolerance. This approach can be applied to both Cache Only Memory Architectures (COMA) and Shared Virtual Memory (SVM) systems. The implementation of the protocol in a COMA architecture has been evaluated by simulation. The protocol has also been implemented in an SVM system on a network of workstations. Both simulation results and measurements show that our solution is efficient and scalable.
Structures of (4-Y-C6H4CH2NH3)2PbI4 {Y = H, F, Cl, Br, I}: Tuning of Hybrid Organic Inorganic Perovskite Structures from Ruddlesden–Popper to Dion–Jacobson Limits (2019)

In analogy to their oxide counterparts, two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have been classified, in many cases, as either Dion–Jacobson (DJ) or Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) structures. We quantified the offset of the inorganic layers to allow the structures of hybrid organic inorganic perovskite to be consistently related to these two structure types. We report the structures of a family of 2D hybrid structures, (4-Y-C6H4CH2NH3)2PbI4 (where Y = F, Cl, Br, I), which consist of single ⟨100⟩-terminated perovskite sheets separated by p-halobenzylammonium cations. In contrast to the previous RP structure of (C6H5CH2NH3)2PbI4, where the inorganic layers are offset from each other, the Y = F, Cl, and Br examples tend toward the DJ structure, in which successive layers eclipse each other, despite the use of an organic monocation. Close Y···I approaches suggest that halogen bonding plays a role in these structures. Use of Y = I, for which stronger halogen bonding is expected and is also suggested by a more linear C–Y···I angle, results in an RP-like structure. The stability of the (4-Y-C6H4CH2NH3)2PbI4 derivatives under ambient conditions is substantially higher for Y = Br and I than for Y = H, F, and Cl.
15 ELABORATION BY YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA (Ye) OF A SECOND HEAT STABLE ENTEROTOXIN (1992)

Cat. Pediatria, Univ. Catanzaro (Italy), Dept. Microbiology Univ. Melbourne (Australia) and, Center for Vaccine Develop., Univ. of Maryland (USA).
ALLEVIATION OF ALUMINUM IN ACIDIC SOILS AND ITS EFFECT ON GROWTH OF HYBRID AND CLONAL OIL PALM SEEDLINGS (2011)

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is an important factor in limiting crop production. The present study examined the Al alleviation effects on the growth of hybrid (breeding) and clonal (tissue culture) of D × P oil palm seedlings. The experiment was performed using calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and ground magnesium limestone (GML) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) as soil-amendments at different rates in Colombia and Malaysia, respectively. The effects of the treatments were evaluated monthly on vegetative variables and visual symptoms. Chlorophyll concentrations were recorded in Malaysia at the fifth month growing stage. The different amendments improved the soil fertility and it was reflected on better performance of shoot and root growth. The chlorophyll content in the frond number 3 for both materials enhanced significantly when Al saturation was low (0–30%). The results from the experiment revealed the importance of neutralization of Al in reducing its toxicity in oil palm.