gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of fosinopril and herbal drug Dioscorea bulbifera in patients of diabetic nephropathy (2013)

Worldwide, diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal failure. This hospital-based single-center prospective open-label randomized case-control interventional study was performed to evaluate and compare the native drug Dioscorea bulbifera with fosinopril in the management of diabetic nephropathy. Patients with diabetic nephropathy with proteinuria >500 mg/day or albuminuria >300 mg/ day, S Cr ≤2.5 mg/dL and hypertension controlled with a single drug were included into the study and were divided into three groups according to the interventional drugs that they were given; group A (n = 46) on fosinopril (5-40 mg/day), group B (n = 45) on Dioscorea bulbifera (500 mg BD) and group C (n = 46) on neither of these drugs. All necessary laboratory investigations needed to assess the effect of both the drugs were carried out. Patients were followed-up for six months. The study included 137 patients (M:F 2.61:1) with an age range of 19-76 years. At the sixth-month follow-up, a significant decrease in the systolic blood pressure was noted in all three groups whereas the diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly only in group B. There was significantly better control of both systolic and diastolic blood pressures in group B than in the other groups. Although fasting blood sugar was poorly controlled in the initial visit in all three groups, there was a significant decrease at the sixth-month follow-up in all three groups. Moreover, the decrease was significantly more pronounced in group B than in the other two groups. Low-density lipoprotein decreased significantly only in group B. Proteinuria, serum transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein decreased in both group A and group B, more so in the latter, but the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Importantly, proteinuria and serum IL-6 showed an increasing trend in group C. It can be concluded that Dioscorea bulbifera was more effective than fosinopril in controlling blood pressure, glycemia, cholesterolemia and inflammatory state in diabetic nephropathy. Both agents decreased proteinuria. However, creatinine clearance significantly decreased with both the drugs, more so with Dioscera, and thus further evaluation with a larger trial is needed.
PE/PPE proteins mediate nutrient transport across the outer membrane of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2020)

<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> has an unusual outer membrane that lacks canonical porin proteins for the transport of small solutes to the periplasm. We discovered that 3,3-<i>bis</i>-di(methylsulfonyl)propionamide (3bMP1) inhibits the growth of <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, and resistance to this compound is conferred by mutation within a member of the proline-proline-glutamate (PPE) family, PPE51. Deletion of PPE51 rendered <i>M. tuberculosis</i> cells unable to replicate on propionamide, glucose, or glycerol. Growth was restored upon loss of the mycobacterial cell wall component phthiocerol dimycocerosate. Mutants in other proline-glutamate (PE)/PPE clusters, responsive to magnesium and phosphate, also showed a phthiocerol dimycocerosate-dependent growth compromise upon limitation of the corresponding substrate. Phthiocerol dimycocerosate determined the low permeability of the mycobacterial outer membrane, and the PE/PPE proteins apparently act as solute-specific channels.
Multiscale Imaging of Shale Samples in the Scanning Electron Microscope (2013)

Abstract Porosity in shale samples is often at such a small scale that analysis with a focused ion-beam scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) is needed to resolve the nanometer-size pores in three dimensions. This gain in resolution, however, comes at the expense of analysis volume (typically no more than 1000 um3), which may not be representative of the larger sample. This paper describes a method of creating high-resolution, large-scale SEM images to aid in selecting more representative locations for FIB-SEM imaging and analysis than by current industry practice.
Biocellulose-based flexible magnetic paper (2015)

Biocellulose or bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biocompatible (nano) material produced with a three-dimensional network structure composed of microfibrils having nanometric diameters obtained by the Gluconacetobacter xylinus bacteria. BC membranes present relatively high porosity, allowing the incorporation or synthesis in situ of inorganic nanoparticles for multifunctional applications and have been used as flexible membranes for incorporation of magnetic nanocomposite. In this work, highly stable superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG), with an average diameter of 5 nm and a saturation magnetization of 41 emu/g at 300 K were prepared. PEG-Fe2O3 hybrid was dispersed by mixing a pristine BC membrane in a stable aqueous dispersion of PEG-SPION. The PEG chains at PEG-SPION's surface provide a good permeability and strong affinity between the BC chains and SPION through hydrogen-bonding interactions. PEG-SPION also allow the incorporation of higher content of nanoparticles without compromising the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. Structural and magnetic properties of the composite have been characterized by XRD, SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), magnetization, Raman spectroscopy, and magnetic force microscopy.
Analytical and Numerical Methodology for Modeling Temperatures in Landfills (2008)

Analytical and numerical approaches have been developed for modeling temperatures in municipal solid waste landfills. Steps for model formulation and details of boundary conditions are described. The formulation was based on a transient conductive heat transfer analysis. Conventional earth temperature theories were modified for landfill systems by incorporating heat generation functions representing biological decomposition of wastes. Finite element analysis was used for general modeling and parametric evaluations. Thermal properties of materials were determined using field observations and data reported in literature. The boundary conditions consisted of seasonal temperature cycles at the ground surface (established using near-surface field measurements) and constant temperatures at the far-field boundary (established using field measurements and maps of regional groundwater temperatures). For heat generation, first a step-function was developed to provide initial (aerobic) and residual (anaerobic) conditions. Second, an exponential growth-decay function was established; and third, the function was scaled for climatic conditions. The formulations developed can be used for prediction of temperatures within various components of landfill systems (liner, waste mass, cover, and surrounding subgrade), determination of frost depths, and determination of heat gain due to decomposition of wastes.
Piezo-Photovoltaic Effect in Thin-Film CDS/CDTE Solar Cells (2006)

We study pressure dependence of photovoltaic (PV) parameters in CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells, attributable to piezo-electric properties of the CdS layer. The significance of this piezo-PV coupling is that it reveals the indispensable effects of internal pressure developing in the device as a result of its deposition, post-deposition treatments, lattice mismatches, and interfacial morphology. The static piezo-voltage induced by the internal pressure across the CdS layer in a device may be rather significant reaching several tenths of a volt. In addition to the recently reported effect of pressure perpendicular to the device surface, here we apply stress in lateral direction via bending the cells of two different configurations: on 3 mm glass superstrate and on flexible molybdenum (Mo) substrate. The observed reversible changes in major photovoltaic parameters are not small and can be related to the known strong piezoelectric effect in CdS. The effect of lateral stretching is found similar to that observed under pressure applied perpendicular to the film surface
Big data evaluation method of transformer based on association rules and fuzzy variable weight model (2018)

In order to solve the problems such as the wide variety of data during the operation of power transformers and the uncertainty of each index in state evaluation, this paper proposes a large data evaluation method based on association rules and fuzzy variable weight model. This method firstly constructs a more comprehensive transformer basic parameter system, and quantifies the parameters based on the confidence and support degree of the association rules. According to the comprehensive analysis and variable weight fuzzy evaluation, a relatively complete transformer state evaluation system is established to realize the Monitoring and Evaluation of Transformer Operation. Data analysis shows that the method proposed in this paper provides a new idea for the operation status evaluation and fault diagnosis of the transformer, which has certain practical value.
Cellulose Derivatives: Optimization of Regression Equation to Predict Viscosity of Aqueous Solutions (2009)

For over 50 years, cellulose derivatives have been used as excellent pharmaceutical excipients. Commercially, cellulose products are designated with viscosity grade, proportional to the molecular weight or chain length, which identifies the product numerically based on viscosity value (in mPa⋅s) measured at 2% w/v concentration in water at 20°C using an Ubbelohde viscometer. A wide range of viscosity grades are available.
2D-Molybdenum Disulfide-Derived Ion Source for Mass Spectrometry (2021)

Generation of current or potential at nanostructures using appropriate stimuli is one of the futuristic methods of energy generation. We developed an ambient soft ionization method for mass spectrometry using 2D-MoS<sub>2</sub>, termed streaming ionization, which eliminates the use of traditional energy sources needed for ion formation. The ionic dissociation-induced electrokinetic effect at the liquid-solid interface is the reason for energy generation. We report the highest figure of merit of current generation of 1.3 A/m<sup>2</sup> by flowing protic solvents at 22 μL/min over a 1 × 1 mm<sup>2</sup> surface coated with 2D-MoS<sub>2</sub>, which is adequate to produce continuous ionization of an array of analytes, making mass spectrometry possible. Weakly bound ion clusters and uric acid in urine have been detected. Further, the methodology was used as a self-energized breath alcohol sensor capable of detecting 3% alcohol in the breath.
SYNTHESIS OF PENTALENIC ACID THROUGH BIOGENETIC LIKE CYCLIZATION OF HUMULENE (1981)

Abstract Humulene furnished 4,7-epoxy-3-methylene-7,10,10-trimethyl-11-bicyclo[6,3,0]undecanol 9 in 34% yield employing oxymercuration as a key step. On treatment with BF3·OEt2,7,11-dihydroxy-3,7,10,10-tetramethyl-3-bicyclo[6.3.0]undecene, which was derived from 9 by ether cleavage, afforded 10α-hydroxypentalenene 13 (20%) along with four byproducts. Oxidation of allylic methyl group of 13 gave methyl pentalenate in 13% yield from 9.
Mobile Arm Supports: History, Application, and Work in Progress (2005)

Mobile arm supports (MASs) have evolved over many years, enabling users with upper extremity weakness to achieve some success with daily functions including tabletop activities, self-feeding, and wheelchair control. Even though the MAS can be extremely helpful for a wide variety of individuals, including users with spinal cord injury and muscle disease, its application has been limited by the complexity of fitting and the extensive therapist and caregiver training required to adjust the device for individual users. Added drawbacks have been the awkward appearance of the MAS and lateral protrusion, which makes doorway clearance and obstacle avoidance difficult while driving. The Rancho Los Amigos Rehabilitation Engineering Program has conducted research and has developed design innovations to address many of these problems; the program has created an updated MAS that is more attractive, is of lower profile, and is friendly to user, caregiver, and clinician. Updated training programs to introduce the MAS technology, to provide fitting practice, and to explain its best utilization to clinicians have complemented these changes.
Permeability characteristics of liposomes in a net-membranes of dihexadecyl phosphate with polymerizable gegenions (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPermeability characteristics of liposomes in a net-membranes of dihexadecyl phosphate with polymerizable gegenionsH. Ringsdorf, B. Schlarb, P. N. Tyminski, and D. F. O'BrienCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3, 671–677Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00181a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00181a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A comparative study of the clinical effects of oral flunitrazepam, medazepam, and placebo. (1982)

In a double-blind randomized study 40 patients received 1 mg flunitrazepam, 40 patients received 10 mg medazepam, and 40 patients received placebo p.o. the night before surgery. On the morning of surgery each patient received another identical oral dose of the product or placebo taken the previous night. On the average, the flunitrazepam group slept better, was better sedated, and was less anxious than the medazepam or placebo groups. Similarly, as a reflection of diminished autonomic reactions, the patients receiving flunitrazepam had fewer cardiovascular changes. Flunitrazepam significantly decreased the amounts of thiopentone needed for induction of anesthesia. Medazepam did not. The pronounced sedative, sleep-inducing, and anxiolytic effects of flunitrazepam appear to be of great clinical importance for its use in anesthesiology. Repeated administrations of medazepam seem to be required to produce an evident clinical effect of the drug, possibly via the slow accumulation of metabolites. The main difference between these two benzodiazepine derivatives as regards clinical response therefore seems to be pharmacokinetic in origin.
Battery capacity degradation prediction using similarity recognition based on modified dynamic time warping (2017)

Battery degradation prediction is a significant recent challenge given the complex physical and chemical processes that occur within batteries, various working conditions, and limited performance degradation data and/or ground test data. In this study, we describe an approach called dynamic spatial time warping, which is used to determine the similarities of two arbitrary curves. Unlike classical dynamic time warping methods, this approach can maintain the invariance of curve similarity to the rotations and translations of curves, which is vital in curve similarity search and can recognize the intrinsic relationship between two curves. Moreover, it can be applied for battery degradation prediction even when rare data are available and do not require special assumptions, which fulfill the requirements of degradation prediction for batteries subject to extreme limited available data. The accuracy of this approach is verified by using both simulation data and NASA battery datasets. Results suggest that the proposed approach provides a highly accurate path of predicting battery degradation even with very limited data.
Synthetic approaches to a chiral 4-amino-3-hydroxy piperidine with pharmaceutical relevance (2012)

Four synthetic strategies were evaluated towards the preparation of (-)-(3R,4R)-1-benzyl-4-(benzylamino)piperidin-3-ol (1), which was constructed with control over the relative and absolute stereochemistry of the 4,3-amino alcohol moiety. The first strategy employed a novel Rh(I) catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation, while two other strategies exploited the existing stereochemistry in 2-deoxy-D-ribose, and the fourth explored both biocatalytic and classical resolution techniques as a means to impart enantioenrichment to racemic intermediates en route to targeted structure (-)-1.
Zinc(ii) mediated synthesis of an N-substituted 2-(2-pyridyl)imidazole from a 1,2-diketone and 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine and its ligational behaviour (2004)

Reaction of anhydrous ZnCl2 with the 1∶2 condensate (L) of benzil and 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine in methanol gives monomeric ZnL′Cl2 (1) where L′ is 2-[(4,5-diphenyl-2-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]pyridine. In the X-ray crystal structure, 1 is found to contain tetrahedral zinc with an N2Cl2 coordination sphere and the N-substituent methylpyridine fragment hanging as a free arm. A tentative mechanism is proposed for the zinc mediated conversion of L → L′. Demetallation of 1 by the action of aqueous NaOH yields L′ in the free state. When L′ is reacted with Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O in a 1∶2 molar proportion, [Zn(L′)2]n(ClO4)2n·(H2O)n/2·(CH2Cl2)n/2 (2) is obtained. The zinc atom in 2, as revealed by X-ray crystallography, has a trigonal bipyramidal N5 coordination sphere. There are two independent ligands in the asymmetric unit of 2. One of them bonds only to one zinc atom in a bidentate mode with the N-substituent methylpyridine hanging free while the other ligand binds to two different zinc atoms in a tridentate fashion, employing the N-substituent methylpyridine nitrogen atom to form the polymeric one-dimensional chain cation.
Experience in Radical Remission: A Self Study and Framework (2022)

The experience of a radical remission from a terminal diagnosis is essentially life altering. The purpose of this self-report is to provide a basis for understanding this event and to provide practitioners a guide for supporting patients during the transition process. A conceptual model is presented that outlines the structure and changes that are influenced during the transition process.
Performance of Cognitive Stop-and-Wait Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request in the Face of Imperfect Sensing (2016)

The cognitive radio (CR) paradigm has the potential of improving the exploitation of the electromagnetic spectrum by detecting instantaneously unoccupied spectrum slots allocated to primary users (PUs). In order to support the process of spectrum reuse, we consider a CR scheme, which senses and opportunistically accesses a PU’s spectrum for communication between a pair of nodes relying on the stop-and-wait hybrid automatic repeat request (SW-HARQ) protocol. This arrangement is represented by the cognitive SW-HARQ (CSW-HARQ), where the availability/unavailability of the PU’s channel is modeled as a two-state Markov chain having OFF and ON states, respectively. Once the cognitive user (CU) finds that the PU’s channel is available (i.e., in the OFF state), the CU transmits data over the PU channel’s spectrum, while relying on the principles of SW-HARQ. We investigate both the throughput and the delay of CSW-HARQ, with a special emphasis on the impact of the various system parameters involved in the scenarios of both perfect and imperfect spectrum sensing. Furthermore, we analyze both the throughput as well as the average packet delay and end-to-end packet delay of the CSW-HARQ system. We propose a pair of analytical approaches: 1) the probability-based and 2) the discrete time Markov chain-based. Closed-form expressions are derived for both the throughput and the delay under the perfect and imperfect sensing environments that are validated by simulation. We demonstrate that the activity of PUs, the transmission reliability of the CU, and the sensing environment have a significant impact on both the throughput and the delay of the CR system.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Convenient Method for the Monoprotection of α,ω‐ Alkanediamines. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Location of Balanced Chromosome-Translocation Breakpoints by Long-Read Sequencing on the Oxford Nanopore Platform (2020)

Genomic structural variants, including translocations, inversions, insertions, deletions, and duplications, are challenging to be reliably detected by traditional genomic technologies. In particular, balanced translocations and inversions can neither be identified by microarrays since they do not alter chromosome copy numbers, nor by short-read sequencing because of the unmappability of short reads against repetitive genomic regions. The precise localization of breakpoints is vital for exploring genetic causes in patients with balanced translocations or inversions. Long-read sequencing techniques may detect these structural variants in a more direct, efficient, and accurate manner. Here, we performed whole-genome, long-read sequencing using the Oxford Nanopore GridION sequencer to detect breakpoints in six balanced chromosome translocation carriers and one inversion carrier. The results showed that all the breakpoints were consistent with the karyotype results with only ~10× coverage. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing confirmed 8 out of 14 breakpoints; however, other breakpoint loci were slightly missed since they were either in highly repetitive regions or pericentromeric regions. Some of the breakpoints interrupted normal gene structure, and in other cases, micro-deletions/insertions were found just next to the breakpoints. We also detected haplotypes around the breakpoint regions. Our results suggest that long-read, whole-genome sequencing is an ideal strategy for precisely localizing translocation breakpoints and providing haplotype information, which is essential for medical genetics and preimplantation genetic testing.
Towards a software vulnerability prediction model using traceable code patterns and software metrics (2017)

Software security is an important aspect of ensuring software quality. The goal of this study is to help developers evaluate software security using traceable patterns and software metrics during development. The concept of traceable patterns is similar to design patterns but they can be automatically recognized and extracted from source code. If these patterns can better predict vulnerable code compared to traditional software metrics, they can be used in developing a vulnerability prediction model to classify code as vulnerable or not. By analyzing and comparing the performance of traceable patterns with metrics, we propose a vulnerability prediction model. This study explores the performance of some code patterns in vulnerability prediction and compares them with traditional software metrics. We use the findings to build an effective vulnerability prediction model. We evaluate security vulnerabilities reported for Apache Tomcat, Apache CXF and three stand-alone Java web applications. We use machine learning and statistical techniques for predicting vulnerabilities using traceable patterns and metrics as features. We found that patterns have a lower false negative rate and higher recall in detecting vulnerable code than the traditional software metrics.