gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Thioredoxin Inhibitors for Breast Cancer Therapy (2001)

Abstract : The hypothesis being tested is that the thioredoxin redox signaling system is essential for the growth of some human breast cancers and that drugs inhibiting this system will block oncogenesis and cause selective growth inhibition and/or apoptosis. The specific objectives of the IDEA proposal are to generate and identify selective inhibitors of thioredoxin using target-array chemistry methodologies, in vitro assays and cell-based screening approaches. The scope of the research activity demanded that we develop semi-automated synthetic methodology. We ultimately intend to select one or more lead compounds that could be optimized as candidates for clinical development, which would encompass a Clinical Translational Research (CTR) proposal. We will perform preclinical pharmacokinetics and formulation studies on any interesting candidates.
Outage probability analysis of cooperative spatial modulation systems (2016)

The capacity analysis of the spatial modulation (SM) scheme is different than that of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Since the information is conveyed not only through the M-ary constellation domain but also through the antenna domain, the capacity of SM is expressed as the sum of the capacities of these two domains. Due to this summation, the outage probability of SM differs from the conventional systems. A detailed analysis of the outage probability of SM has not been given in the literature yet. In this work, first, we derive the outage probability performance of the classical SM system and second, we extend the results to the cooperative scenarios under fixed, selective and incremental relaying techniques. It is shown that SM and cooperative SM systems provide better performance compared to conventional modulation systems in terms of outage probability.
Albumin depletion of human plasma also removes low abundance proteins including the cytokines (2005)

The use of proteomics for efficient, accurate, and complete analysis of clinical samples poses a variety of technical challenges. The presence of higher abundance proteins in the plasma, such as albumin, may mask the detection of lower abundance proteins such as the cytokines. Methods have been proposed to deplete the sample of these higher abundance proteins to facilitate detection of those with lower abundance. In this study, a commercially available albumin depletion kit was used to determine if removal of albumin would measurably reduce detection of lower abundance cytokine proteins in human plasma. The Montage Albumin Deplete Kit (Millipore) was used to deplete albumin from LPS-stimulated whole blood from 15 normal human donors. Albumin depletion was measured using the BCG reagent and SDS-PAGE, and cytokine recovery was determined by a microassay immunoassay that measures both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Average albumin depletion from the samples was 72%. However, several cytokines were also significantly reduced when the albumin was removed from the plasma. Additionally, there was a variable reduction in cytokine recovery from a known mixture of cytokines in a minimal amount of plasma that were loaded onto the columns. These data demonstrate that there may be a non-specific loss of cytokines following albumin depletion, which may confound subsequent proteomic analysis.
The circuit and physical design of the POWER4 microprocessor (2002)

The IBM POWER4 processor is a 174-million-transistor chip that runs at a clock frequency of greater than 1.3 GHz. It contains two microprocessor cores, high-speed buses, and an on-chip memory subsystem. The complexity and size of POWER4, together with its high operating frequency, presented a number of significant challenges for its multi-site design team. This paper describes the circuit and physical design of POWER4 and gives results that were achieved. Emphasis is placed on aspects of the design methodology, clock distribution, circuits, power, integration, and timing that enabled the design team to meet the project goals and to complete the design on schedule.
Non amplified-MYCN stage 4 neuroblastoma: A genomic signature associated with good prognosis and spontaneous regression. (2007)

2955 Background Clinical classification of non amplified-MYCN infantile stage 4 neuroblastoma (NB) recognizes 3 distinct patterns of disease and associated prognosis. These include babies under 12 months of age of two good prognosis subtypes ,i.e., NB stage 4S (see text for definition) and stage 4 NB without this presentation ([1yr - ]), and children older than 12 months ([1yr + ]) with a very poor outcome. To date, no genetic criteria permitting such sub-classification of stage 4 NB in infants have been identified. Methods MYCN-non amplified undifferentiated NB tumors series included 12 [4S], 8 [1yr - ]stage 4, and 9 [1yr + ] stage 4. 1Mb BAC microarrays surveyed the genomic anomalies. Agilent 22k probes oligomicroarrays analyzed the differential transcriptome profiles of the tumor sets, using a combined methodological approach. Firstly, mRNA chips data were subjected to filtering to yield informative genes before unsupervised hierarchical clustering to identify relationship among tumor samples. Identified gene clusters were confirmed by TaqMan quantitative RT-PCR. Secondly, the chips data were also explored directly, on the basis of p-values derived from variance analysis and robustness tests using a new dedicated software that allows sorting out ontologies, functional pathways and interaction networks. Results Chromosomal landscape of infants tumors (whole chromosomes gains or loss) differ radically from that of olderchildren (partial chromosome gains or loss). Tumor expression profiling depicts specific biological functions and pathways for each clinical stage 4 type with regards to transcription factors expression, mitochondrial activity, metabolisms and immune response. Conclusion Chromosomal instability in stage 4S tumors associated with a neuro-developmental and proliferative cell phenotype (cell growth, mitochondrial activity, lipid metabolism up-regulations) may likely trigger a genotoxic stress. This could result in cell cycle arrest and a subsequent inflammatory/immune response. Such a multifactorial biological process might explain the strikingly low malignant potential of stage 4S NB.
Liquid crystallinity by poly(acrylate)s and poly(methacrylate)s with stilbene units (1991)

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of poly(acrylate)s and poly(methacrylate)s containing 4′‐substituted stilbene‐4‐carboxylic acid side groups attached by flexible spacers containing two, six, or eleven methylene groups are described. Most of the poly(methacrylate)s have nematic phases. In contrast, none of the poly(acrylate)s exhibit liquid crystalline behaviour.
Quantum entanglements and entangled mutual entropy (1998)

Abstract. The mathematical structure of quantum entanglement is studied and classified from the point of view of quantum compound states. We show that the classical-quantum correspondences such as encodings can be treated as diagonal (d-) entanglements. The mutual entropy of the d-compound and entangled states lead to two different types of entropies for a given quantum state: the von Neumann entropy, which is achieved as the supremum of the information over all d-entanglements, and the dimensional entropy, which is achieved at the standard entanglement, the true quantum entanglement, coinciding with a d-entanglement only in the case of pure marginal states. The q-capacity of a quantum noiseless channel, defined as the supremum over all entanglements, is given by the logarithm of the dimensionality of the input algebra. It doubles the classical capacity, achieved as the supremum over all d-entanglements (encodings), which is bounded by the logarithm of the dimensionality of a maximal Abelian subalgebra. 1.
Ueber die Einwirkung von Hydrazin auf Imidoäther (1893)

Kochen mit Sauren verwandelt es sich zu nur beilgufig erwahnt hatte, ausserdem die Bezeichnung nFormazyle<( vielleicht kiirzer und bequemer erscheinen mochte, so habe ich auf die Namensanderung nicht weiter reagirt.
Possible involvement of lysosomal dysfunction in pathological changes of the brain in aged progranulin-deficient mice (2014)

It has been shown that progranulin (PGRN) deficiency causes age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a lysosomal storage disease. Previous studies also suggested that PGRN is involved in modulating lysosomal function. To elucidate the pathophysiological role of PGRN in the aged brain, in the present study, lysosomal function and pathological changes of the brain were investigated using 10- and 90-week-old wild-type and PGRN-deficient mice. We showed that PGRN deficiency caused enhanced CD68 expression in activated microglia and astrogliosis in the cortex and thalamus, especially in the ventral posteromedial nucleus/ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPM/VPL), in the aged brain. Immunoreactivity for Lamp1 (lysosome marker) in the VPM/VPL and expression of lysosome-related genes, i.e. cathepsin D, V-type proton ATPase subunit d2, and transcription factor EB genes, were also increased by PGRN deficiency. Aggregates of p62, which is selectively degraded by the autophagy-lysosomal system, were observed in neuronal and glial cells in the VPM/VPL of aged PGRN-deficient mice. TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) aggregates in the cytoplasm of neurons were also observed in aged PGRN-deficient mice. PGRN deficiency caused enhanced expression of glial cell-derived cytotoxic factors such as macrophage expressed gene 1, cytochrome b-245 light chain, cytochrome b-245 heavy chain, complement C4, tumor necrosis factor-α and lipocalin 2. In addition, neuronal loss and lipofuscinosis in the VPM/VPL and disrupted myelination in the cerebral cortex were observed in aged PGRN-deficient mice. The present study shows that aged PGRN-deficient mice present with NCL-like pathology as well as TDP-43 aggregates in the VPM/VPL, where a particular vulnerability has been reported in NCL model mice. The present results also suggest that these pathological changes in the VPM/VPL are likely a result of lysosomal dysfunction. How PGRN prevents lysosomal dysfunction with aging remains to be elucidated.
miR-630 targets IGF1R to regulate response to HER-targeting drugs and overall cancer cell progression in HER2 over-expressing breast cancer (2014)

Taken together, our findings suggest miR-630 as a key regulator of cancer cell progression in HER2 over-expressing breast cancer, through targeting of IGF1R. This study supports miR-630 as a diagnostic and a predictive biomarker for response to HER-targeted drugs and indicates that the therapeutic addition of miR-630 may enhance and improve patients' response to HER-targeting drugs.
Minimally invasive versus open lumbar spinal fusion: a matched study investigating patient-reported and surgical outcomes (2021)

In patients who underwent lumbar fusion for degenerative spinal disease, MIS was associated with higher odds of satisfaction at 3 months postoperatively. No difference was demonstrated at the 12-month follow-up. MIS maintained a small, yet consistent, superiority in decreasing ODI and back and leg pain, and MIS was associated with a lower reoperation rate.
High average power field emitter cathode and testbed for X/Ku-band cold cathode TWT (2013)

A new field emitter geometry that utilizes a dielectric shield between the emitter tip and gate has been optimized to eliminate flashover in the cathode emitter cavities and improve cathode reliability. A high average power testbed has been designed and fabricated to test these cathodes at currents and current densities required for TWT operation in the X/Ku-Band frequency regime. Experimental tests in the water-cooled testbed demonstrated a record 100 hours of CW operation at 100 mA. A 200 mA X/KuBand TWT was designed to integrate these cathodes and to provide RF gain and power across the entire 6 - 18 GHz frequency band. Preliminary results taken at a cathode current of 50 mA show excellent focus of the emittance-dominated electron beam. RF results at 50 mA demonstrated positive gain over the entire frequency band with a maximum of 13.5 dB gain and 10 W output power at 10 GHz and low duty. Cathode testing as well as TWT design and preliminary operation will be described.
IN-SERVICE ASSESSMENT OF ROAD-FRIENDLY SUSPENSIONS: FOR INFORMATION (2000)

The results of this study, involving a limited sample of vehicles from medium to large fleets, indicate that in-service non-road-friendliness of air-suspended triaxle groups is a manageable issue once the OE-type approval test is in place. The effects of suspension, and particularly shock absorber wear in eroding the benefits of road-friendliness are incremental rather than dramatic. The emphasis in controlling road-friendliness in-service could therefore lie in the introduction of auditable suspension maintenance regimes utilising the following activities at prescribed intervals: shock absorber removal and inspection for defects, dynamometer testing and shock absorber replacement. (a)
Assembly of the Cardiac Intercalated Disk during Pre- and Postnatal Development of the Human Heart (2014)

Our data on developmental maturation of the ID in human heart indicate that generation of the mechanical junctions at the ID precedes that of the electrical junctions with a significant difference in time. In addition arrival of the electrical junctions (Nav1.5 and Cx43) is not uniform since sodium channels localize much earlier than gap junction channels.
Substrate-Induced Fano Resonances of a Plasmonic Nanocube: A Route to Increased-Sensitivity Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors Revealed (2011)

Symmetry-breaking introduced by an adjacent semi-infinite dielectric can introduce coupling and hybridization of the plasmon modes of a metallic nanostructure. This effect is particularly large for entities with a large contact area adjacent to the dielectric. For a nanocube, a nearby dielectric mediates an interaction between bright dipolar and dark quadrupolar modes, resulting in bonding and antibonding hybridized modes. The Fano resonance that dominates the scattering spectrum arises from the interference of these modes. This analysis provides a strategy for optimizing the sensitivity of nanostructures, whether chemically synthesized or grown by deposition methods, as high-performance localized surface plasmon resonance sensors.
Relationships of glycoproteins IIb-IIIa and Ib content with mean platelet volume and their genetic polymorphisms (2013)

Quantity of platelet adhesion molecules significantly varies in normal donors and cardiovascular patients and might be affected by platelet size and genetic variations. In this study, we assessed relationships of the content of glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa and GPIb with mean platelet volume (MPV) and their genetic polymorphisms. MPV and GPIIb-IIIa and GPIb numbers were measured in 116 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at days 1, 3-5 and 8-12 after disease onset and in 32 healthy volunteers. GPIIb-IIIa and GPIb allelic variants were determined in ACS patients. Strong interactions of GPIIb-IIIa and GPIb numbers and MPV were observed in ACS patients and healthy volunteers. In patients, coefficients of correlation (r) were 0.642 and 0.510 (analysis of individual mean values) and in volunteers - 0.594 and 0.508 for GPIIb-IIIa and GPIb, respectively (everywhere P < 0.005). In ACS patients, correlations were highly significant at each tested time point. GPIIb-IIIa and GPIb genetic polymorphisms [GPIIIa Leu33Pro, GPIbα Thr145Met and GPIbα (-5)T/C (Kozak)] determined in ACS patients had no significant impact on their expression. Modest correlation was revealed between MPV and plasma thrombopoietin (TPO) measured at the first day of ACS (r = 0.279, P = 0.005). The data obtained indicated that GPIIb-IIIa and GPIb levels are mainly affected by platelet size (MPV) but not by their genetic variations. In some ACS patients, production of large platelets with high GPIIb-IIIa and GPIb contents might be stimulated by elevated TPO.
Effect of spatial sampling on pattern noise in insect-based motion detection (2005)

Insects perform highly complicated navigational tasks even though their visual system is relatively simple. The main idea of work in this area is to study the visual system of insects and to incorporate algorithms used by them in electronic circuits to produce low power, computationally simple, highly efficient, robust devices capable of accurate motion detection and velocity estimation. The Reichardt correlator model is one of the earliest and the most prominent biologically inspired models of motion detection developed by Hassentein and Reichardt in 1956. In an attempt to get accurate estimates of yaw velocity using an elaborated Reichardt correlator, we have investigated the effect of pattern noise (deviation of the correlator output resulting from the structure of the visual scene) on the correlator response. We have tested different sampling methods here and it is found that a circular sampled array of elementary motion detectors (EMDs) reduces pattern noise effectively compared to an array of rectangular or randomly selected EMDs for measuring rotational motion.
Structural Design Part II—Fail‐Safe Aspects (1965)

A Presentation of the Fail‐Safe Concept including the Design as it Applies to a Crack‐Free Life, Corrosion Prevention, Simplified Inspection and Repair, and Safety after Failure. IN designing a new aircraft structure, the principal concern is to ensure that structural failure docs not occur during any stage—taxying, taking‐off, climbing, cruising, descending, landing—of any flight. This concern is not only for the safety and well‐being of the travelling public but also for the economics of airline operation, since the operator demands a long working life from his aircraft, and a good re‐sale value.
Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization Using an Aqueous Electrolyte with a High Salt Concentration (2016)

Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is novel capacitive deionization (CDI) technology that exhibits continuous deionization and a high desalting efficiency. A flow-electrode with high capacitance and low resistance is required for achieving an efficient FCDI system with low energy consumption. For developing high-performance flow-electrode, studies should be conducted considering porous materials, conductive additives, and electrolytes constituting the flow-electrode. Here, we evaluated the desalting performances of flow-electrodes with spherical activated carbon and aqueous electrolytes containing various concentrations of NaCl in the FCDI unit cell for confirming the effect of salt concentration on the electrolyte of a flow-electrode on desalting efficiency. We verified the necessity of a moderate amount of salt in the flow-electrode for compensating for the reduction in the performance of the flow-electrode, attributed to the resistance of water used as the electrolyte. Simultaneously, we confirmed the potential use of salt water with a high salt concentration, such as seawater, as an aqueous electrolyte for the flow-electrode.
Sclerotherapy in Aesthetic Medicine: Myths and Realities (2022)

Many aspects of sclerotherapy have existing evidence to dictate best clinical practice.
Genetic Marker Analysis of a Global Collection of Isolates of Citrus tristeza virus: Characterization and Distribution of CTV Genotypes and Association with Symptoms (2005)

ABSTRACT Genetic markers amplified from three noncontiguous regions by sequence specific primers designed from the partial or complete genome sequences of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates T3, T30, T36, and VT were used to assess genetic relatedness of 372 isolates in an international collection. Eighty-five isolates were judged similar to the T3 isolate, 81 to T30, 11 to T36, and 89 to VT. Fifty-one isolates were mixed infections by two or more identifiable viral genotypes, and 55 isolates could not be assigned unequivocally to a group defined by marker patterns. Maximum parsimony analysis of aligned marker sequences supported the grouping of isolates on the basis of marker patterns only. Specific disease symptoms induced in select citrus host plants were shared across molecular groups, although symptoms were least severe among isolates grouped by markers with the T30 isolate and were most severe among isolates grouped by markers with the T3 isolate. Isolates assigned the same genotype showed variable symptoms and symptom severity. A classification strategy for CTV isolates is proposed that combines genetic marker patterns and nucleotide sequence data.
Facilitating Team-Based Learning in Lecture Halls (2021)

We describe an application aimed at helping instructors use team-based active learning techniques even when they are teaching in lecture hall style classrooms or online.
Hydrophobic Interactions of Val75 Are Critical for Oligomeric Thermostability of Inorganic Pyrophosphatase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (1999)

To determine the role of Val75 in the oligomeric structure of trimeric inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) [EC 3.6.1.1] from Bacillus stearothermophilus (Bst.), we used site-directed mutagenesis to prepare variants in which Val75 was replaced by Ala, Phe, Leu, Ile, Lys, Gln, and Asp. As a result, the variants in which valine is replaced by hydrophobic residues such as Ala, Phe, Leu, and Ile (V75A, F, L, and I) show almost the same level of enzyme activity and thermostability as the wild type enzyme, whereas variants with hydrophilic residue replacements such as Lys, Gln, and Asp (V75K, Q, and D) showed gross reductions in enzyme activity and thermostability. The dissociation of V75K and V75D from trimer to monomers occurred rapidly as the temperature rose, while V75F, V75L, and V75I dissociated more slowly than the wild type. There was no particular effect of heat treatment on the dissociation of V75A or V75Q, but these variants were slightly dissociated even in the native state. Thus, we conclude that Val75 may locate at the interface between the monomers and its hydrophobic interactions with its surroundings may play a key role in the thermostability and oligomeric subunit interactions of the enzyme.
Oxidative stress and aberrant signaling in aging and cognitive decline (2007)

Brain aging is associated with a progressive imbalance between antioxidant defenses and intracellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as exemplified by increases in products of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA oxidation. Oxidative conditions cause not only structural damage but also changes in the set points of redox-sensitive signaling processes including the insulin receptor signaling pathway. In the absence of insulin, the otherwise low insulin receptor signaling is strongly enhanced by oxidative conditions. Autophagic proteolysis and sirtuin activity, in turn, are downregulated by the insulin signaling pathway, and impaired autophagic activity has been associated with neurodegeneration. In genetic studies, impairment of insulin receptor signaling causes spectacular lifespan extension in nematodes, fruit flies, and mice. The predicted effects of age-related oxidative stress on sirtuins and autophagic activity and the corresponding effects of antioxidants remain to be tested experimentally. However, several correlates of aging have been shown to be ameliorated by antioxidants. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA and the electron transport chain, perturbations in brain iron and calcium homeostasis, and changes in plasma cysteine homeostasis may altogether represent causes and consequences of increased oxidative stress. Aging and cognitive decline thus appear to involve changes at multiple nodes within a complex regulatory network.