gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Text-Based Document Similarity Matching Using Sdtext (2016)

Forensics examiners frequently try to identify duplicate files during an investigation. They might do so to identify known files of interest, or to allow more rapid review of documents that appear to be similar. Current forensic tools for detecting duplicate files operate over the low-level bits of the file, typically using hashing. While this can be a fast and effective method in many cases, it can fail due to differences in file format. We introduce sdtext, a tool developed to identify similar files based on their textual contents, which is robust to changes in format. We show that sdtext is far more accurate than existing tools in matching files that contain the same text in different formats.
GAS-COOLED REACTOR PROJECT QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR PERIOD ENDING MARCH 31, 1961 (1961)

Reactor Physics. Criticality calculations wee made for the EGCR without experimental loops and for various enrichments, and the results were used to derive the base value for the EGCR fuel enrichment. Reactor Design Studies. Studies of the performance of EGCR fuel and control rods were made. The moderator temperature distribution and the required coolant flow were determined. Investigations of structural integrity were made for the EGCR pressure vessel, through-tubes, and graphite colunm. The results of a preliminary study of the EGCR containment system and of the possibility of a runaway graphite fire are discussed. Decontamination studies of EGCR components are reported. Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. Studies of fluid flow asymmetries, surface-temperature profiles, and heat transfer coefficients are reported. The application of mass transfer measurements to predictions of heat transfer in seven-tube clusters is concluded to be valid. Velocity contours were mapped for EGCR channels. Pressure-drop and gas-mixing measurements in EGCR fuel assemblies are reported. Materials Development. Fabrication of dense UO/sub 2/ grains and discs is described. Measurements of Xe/sup 1//sup 3//sup 3/ release rates from UO/sub 2/ pellets and powders at 400 to 1600 deg C are reported. Fabrication studies were carried out on fueled BeO. The phases present in BeO-- ThO/sub 2/-- UO/sub 2/ bcdies were identified to be pure BeO, a ThO/sub 2/-- UO/sub 2/ solid solution, and a small amount of pure UO/sub 2/. Evaluation of UO/sub 2/ spheres coated with pyrolytic carbon by thermal cycling and leaching tests is reported, Evidence of a reaction between UC and Be was found after a 66-hr test at 1100 deg C. Inspection results are presented for coatings on EGCR graphite support sleeves. Measurements of the mechanical properties of AGOT graphite are reported. Axial elongation of EGCR fuel elements in thermal cycling experiments was studied. Oxidation and carburization of 304 stainless steel by CO --CO/sub 2/ mixtures were studied. The thermal stability of Sb/sub 2/O/sub 4/ was studied at 400 to 1000 deg C. Oxidation of Be by dry CO/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/O vapor was studied. Studies on joining Be and fabrication of Be-clad fuel elements were made. Inpile Testing. Irradiations of a large number of fuel specimens and structural materials were carried out and the results of postirradiation examimations and property measurements presented. Out-of-pile Testing. Static and convection loop tests in hot helium were carried out with graphite and metal specimens, and carburization reactions in these systems were studied. The degassing behavior of graphite was studied, and porosity determinations are reported. The results of investigations of the removal of fission gases from He and other gases are discussed. Abnor mal emf drifts of thermocouples in He are discussed. Development of Test Loops and Components. Testing and development of the following components are discussed: EGCR through-tube nozzles, microswitch, globe valves, GCR-ORR loop No. 2, and loop compressors. (D.L.C.)
<title>Systematic design of phase-shifting masks</title> (1994)

In this paper, we present a systematic method for phase-shifting mask design in coherent optical lithography using approaches based on approximation theory, phase-retrieval, and image extrapolation. This method also provides some insight into the design of enhanced- resolution masks for incoherent and partially coherent systems and suggests a possible strategy for pupil filter design. The optical lithography system is divided into three subsystems: (1) a softlimiter, (2) a squarer, and (3) a bandlimiter. Thus, the phase-shifting mask design is approached via three corresponding subproblems: (1) bandlimited approximation, (2) phase- retrieval, and (3) extrapolation. Using this method, we demonstrate the possibility of composing a large and complicated phase-shifting mask by abutting smaller and simpler masks. Simulation results of phase-shifting design examples are provided to illustrate the method and ideas described here.
Amino-Terminal Processing of Chemokine ENA-78 Regulates Biological Activity (1998)

Epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating protein-78 (ENA-78) is a potent stimulator of neutrophils, inducing a variety of biological responses such as chemotaxis, enzyme release, up-regulation of surface receptors, and intracellular calcium mobilization. Proteolysis of ENA-78 with cathepsin G and chymotrypsin yielded a time-dependent increase in elastase-releasing activity, predicting the formation of truncation products with higher potency than native ENA-78. To investigate the biological implications of progressive truncation of ENA-78, the N-terminal variants ENA(5-78), ENA(9-78), and ENA(10-78) were cloned and expressed in E. coli. When tested in the neutrophil elastase release assay, the variants ENA(5-78) and ENA(9-78) had a 2-3-fold higher potency than full-length ENA-78, while ENA(10-78) was 3-fold less potent. In the chemotaxis assay, the variant ENA(5-78) exhibited an 8-fold and ENA(9-78) a 2-fold higher potency than native ENA-78. ENA(10-78), conversely, was 10-fold less potent, but reached a comparable efficacy to ENA-78 at 10(-)7 M concentration. In summary, the rank order in potency with respect to elastase release was ENA(9-78) > ENA(5-78) > ENA-78 > ENA(10-78), while for chemotaxis it was ENA(5-78) > ENA(9-78) > ENA-78 > ENA(10-78). Variant ENA(5-78) had a higher overall potency and efficiency for chemotaxis than interleukin-8 (IL-8), while ENA(9-78) exhibited a higher efficiency at concentrations of 1-100 nM. The fact that neutrophil cathepsin G produces the stable ENA(9-78) variant in vitro strongly suggests a role for this N-terminal proteolysis during inflammatory processes in vivo.
NMR-Based Methods for Protein Analysis (2021)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a well-established method for analyzing protein structure, interaction, and dynamics at atomic resolution and in various sample states including solution state, solid state, and membranous environment. Thanks to rapid NMR methodology development, the past decade has witnessed a growing number of protein NMR studies in complex systems ranging from membrane mimetics to living cells, which pushes the research frontier further toward physiological environments and offers unique insights in elucidating protein functional mechanisms. In particular, in-cell NMR has become a method of choice for bridging the huge gap between structural biology and cell biology. Herein, we review the recent developments and applications of NMR methods for protein analysis in close-to-physiological environments, with special emphasis on in-cell protein structural determination and the analysis of protein dynamics, both difficult to be accessed by traditional methods.
Previous Ethanol Experience Enhances Synaptic Plasticity of NMDA Receptors in the Ventral Tegmental Area (2011)

Alcohol addiction (alcoholism) is one of the most prevalent substance abuse disorders worldwide. Addiction is thought to arise, in part, from a maladaptive learning process in which enduring memories of drug experiences are formed. However, alcohol (ethanol) generally interferes with synaptic plasticity mechanisms in the CNS and thus impairs various types of learning and memory. Therefore, it is unclear how powerful memories associated with alcohol experience are formed during the development of alcoholism. Here, using brain slice electrophysiology in mice, we show that repeated in vivo ethanol exposure (2 g/kg, i.p., three times daily for 7 d) causes increased susceptibility to the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) of NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated transmission in mesolimbic dopamine neurons, a form of synaptic plasticity that may drive the learning of stimuli associated with rewards, including drugs of abuse. Enhancement of NMDAR plasticity results from an increase in the potency of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) in producing facilitation of action potential-evoked Ca(2+) signals, which is critical for LTP induction. This increase in IP(3) effect, which lasts for a week but not a month after ethanol withdrawal, occurs through a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent mechanism. Corticotropin-releasing factor, a stress-related neuropeptide implicated in alcoholism and other addictions, further amplifies the PKA-mediated increase in IP(3) effect in ethanol-treated mice. Finally, we found that ethanol-treated mice display enhanced place conditioning induced by the psychostimulant cocaine. These data suggest that repeated ethanol experience may promote the formation of drug-associated memories by enhancing synaptic plasticity of NMDARs in dopamine neurons.
Quantification of gap junction selectivity (2005)

Gap junctions, which are essential for functional coordination and homeostasis within tissues, permit the direct intercellular exchange of small molecules. The abundance and diversity of this exchange depends on the number and selectivity of the comprising channels and on the transjunctional gradient for and chemical character of the permeant molecules. Limited knowledge of functionally significant permeants and poor detectability of those few that are known have made it difficult to define channel selectivity. Presented herein is a multifaceted approach to the quantification of gap junction selectivity that includes determination of the rate constant for intercellular diffusion of a fluorescent probe (k2-DYE) and junctional conductance (gj) for each junction studied, such that the selective permeability (k2-DYE/gj) for dyes with differing chemical characteristics or junctions with differing connexin (Cx) compositions (or treatment conditions) can be compared. In addition, selective permeability can be correlated using single-channel conductance when this parameter is also measured. Our measurement strategy is capable of detecting 1) rate constants and selective permeabilities that differ across three orders of magnitude and 2) acute changes in that rate constant. Using this strategy, we have shown that 1) the selective permeability of Cx43 junctions to a small cationic dye varied across two orders of magnitude, consistent with the hypothesis that the various channel configurations adopted by Cx43 display different selective permeabilities; and 2) the selective permeability of Cx37 vs. Cx43 junctions was consistently and significantly lower.
Equilateral triangular waveguide antenna – a spectral domain analysis (2010)

The analytical expressions of the fields radiated in the far region from the different modes of an open-ended equilateral triangular waveguide antenna are presented. The radiated far fields are analytically computed in the spectral domain as Fourier transforms of the antenna aperture field distribution. Explicit expressions for the antenna maximum directivity and effective area are derived, and analytical expressions of the equilateral triangular waveguide modes are also reported.
A silicon compiler for high-speed CMOS multirate FIR digital filters (2003)

A silicon compiler for high-speed multirate FIR (finite impulse response) digital filters is presented, with application to the design of a Hilbert transformer and sampling rate converter given as an example. The compiler automates the process of designing multirate spectral shaping filters and sampling rate converters without incurring area penalties with respect to hand-crafted designs. The compiler is designed for maximum flexibility, exploiting architectural symmetries such as those found in linear-phase filters, where possible, without limiting the scope of systems which may be designed. The resulting filters utilize canonic signed digit (CSD) multipliers, a transposed direct form structure, and carry-save addition for high speed. The GDTs (Generator Development Tools) from Mentor Graphics are used as the basis of the compiler. This system provides a technology-independent layout language in which various circuit concerns such as device sizing may be optimized for any given technology based on that technology's electrical characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Conducting Polymers: New Electrochromic Materials for Advanced Optical Devices (1993)

Abstract The basic properties of conducting polymers which can be coloured by reversible electrochemical doping processes, are briefly described. The application of these materials for the development of optical devices of technological importance, such as electrochromic displays and windows, is also illustrated and discussed.
Extension of SMIL with QoS control and its implementation (2000)

We propose a language called QOS-SMIL where some QoS guarantee statements are added to a subclass of SMIL, and give its implementation technique. In QOS-SMIL, in addition to standard facilities of SMIL, dynamic media-scaling of each multimedia object and explicit inter-media synchronization among objects, can be specified. In the proposed implementation technique, we use real-time LOTOS as an intermediate language so that we convert a given QOS-SMIL description to the corresponding real-time LOTOS specification, and implement it with our real-time LOTOS compiler. Through some experiments, we have confirmed that our approach has some advantages w.r.t. development cost of multimedia systems with QoS control.
<title>Totally integrated optical measuring sensors</title> (1992)

Various schemes are proposed for realizing compact, truly integrated optical sensors based on a single technology or at least a sequence of compatible processes for their fabrication. These totally integrated sensor modules not only eliminate the need for external components and their respective alignment, but also achieve reduced size and weight, improved stability, mass- production potential, and the possibility of single chip multi-element sensor arrays. Furthermore, they lend themselves to being incorporated into sensor networks.
Polarization-maintaining photonic-crystal-fiber-based all-optical polarimetric torsion sensor (2010)

An application of a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) for torsion sensing is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The response of the sensor is theoretically validated using the Jones matrix. High normalized sensitivity of &#x223C;0.014/&#xB0; was measured within a linear twist angle range from 30&#xB0; to 70&#xB0;. The sensor response was observed to be highly repeatable over a 90&#xB0; twist in both the clockwise and counterclockwise directions. The proposed sensor exhibits reduced temperature sensitivity due to the low thermal coefficient of PM-PCF, making it an ideal candidate for torsion sensing.
Caracterização do desenvolvimento da alimentação em crianças de 6 a 24 meses (2014)

OBJETIVO:caracterizar a alimentação de crianças entre seis e 24 meses de município do RS.MÉTODOS:estudo descritivo e transversal. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de julho a setembro de 2012 e a amostra compreendeu 88 crianças. Foi realizada entrevista com os responsáveis.RESULTADOS:verificou-se que 86% das crianças receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo com duração média de três meses e meio. Houve introdução precoce de líquidos aos quatro meses, em média, com correlação positiva com menor período de amamentação. A oferta de pastosos foi precoce, com mediana de introdução no quinto mês; a consistência estava adequada na idade atual. Refrigerantes e salgadinhos eram consumidos por 80,7% e 76,1% das crianças. A mamadeira era utilizada por 93,2% e o uso esteve correlacionado com menor período de aleitamento materno. A chupeta era usada por 64%. Dos responsáveis, (47,7%) receberam informações sobre introdução dos alimentos do pediatra.CONCLUSÃO:constatou-se que tanto a prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo quanto complementado se dá em período menor que o recomendado. Foi predominante a introdução precoce de líquidos e pastosos. Verificou-se elevado uso de mamadeira e chupeta. Identificou-se participação de leigos nas orientações sobre alimentação, não obstante, o pediatra foi o mais citado.
High-yield parallel fabrication of quantum-dot monolayer single-electron devices displaying Coulomb staircase, contacted by graphene (2021)

It is challenging for conventional top-down lithography to fabricate reproducible devices very close to atomic dimensions, whereas identical molecules and very similar nanoparticles can be made bottom-up in large quantities, and can be self-assembled on surfaces. The challenge is to fabricate electrical contacts to many such small objects at the same time, so that nanocrystals and molecules can be incorporated into conventional integrated circuits. Here, we report a scalable method for contacting a self-assembled monolayer of nanoparticles with a single layer of graphene. This produces single-electron effects, in the form of a Coulomb staircase, with a yield of 87 ± 13% in device areas ranging from < 800 nm<sup>2</sup> to 16 μm<sup>2</sup>, containing up to 650,000 nanoparticles. Our technique offers scalable assembly of ultra-high densities of functional particles or molecules that could be used in electronic integrated circuits, as memories, switches, sensors or thermoelectric generators.
Sequences Required for Induction of Neurotensin Receptor Gene Expression during Neuronal Differentiation of N1E-115 Neuroblastoma Cells (1999)

The promoter region of the mouse high affinity neurotensin receptor (Ntr-1) gene was characterized, and sequences required for expression in neuroblastoma cell lines that express high affinity NT-binding sites were characterized. Me(2)SO-induced neuronal differentiation of N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells increased both the expression of the endogenous Ntr-1 gene and reporter genes driven by NTR-1 promoter sequences by 3-4-fold. Deletion analysis revealed that an 83-base pair promoter region containing the transcriptional start site is required for Me(2)SO activation. Detailed mutational analysis of this region revealed that a CACCC box and the central region of a large GC-rich palindrome are the crucial cis-regulatory elements required for Me(2)SO induction. The CACCC box is bound by at least one factor that is induced upon Me(2)SO treatment of N1E-115 cells. The Me(2)SO effect was found to be both selective and cell type-restricted. Basal expression in the neuroblastoma cell lines required a distinct set of sequences, including an Sp1-like sequence, and a sequence resembling an NGFI-A-binding site; however, a more distal 5' sequence was found to repress basal activity in N1E-115 cells. These results provide evidence that Ntr-1 gene regulation involves both positive and negative regulatory elements located in the 5'-flanking region and that Ntr-1 gene activation involves the coordinate activation or induction of several factors, including a CACCC box binding complex.
Defining the molecular determinants required for RNA binding functions of the Bicaudal‐C (Bicc1) translational repressor protein (2020)

Bicaudal‐C (Bicc1) is an RNA binding protein that functions as translational repressor in all animal species. Its repression activities are required for a multitude of biological processes such as guiding the earliest steps of embryonic development and organ homeostasis. For example, defects in Bicc1 expression or its activities can give rise to polycystic kidney disease in humans, a disorder that is characterized by an abnormal collection of cysts in the kidney. In addition, Bicc1 functions in vertebrate embryos to control the translation of specific maternal mRNAs that encode key developmental regulatory proteins. During the early stages of vertebrate development defects in Bicc1 trigger cell fate changes that lead to embryonic malformations similar to some human birth defects. A general feature is that in all of its biological contexts Bicc1 binds to specific mRNAs and it is through this binding that it selects specific mRNAs for translational repression. My project is focused on defining the molecular determinants of the Bicc1 protein required for that specific mRNA binding. Recent results from the Sheets lab identified a 70 amino acid region of the Bicc1 protein, the KH 2 domain that is required for mRNA binding. However, the particular molecular features within the KH 2 domain important for RNA binding activity are unknown. To address this issue I am generating mutations of the KH 2 domain that change evolutionarily conserved amino acid residues in all Bicc1 proteins. These mutant proteins will be analyzed with gel shift RNA binding assays in vitro as well as in vivo RNA binding experiments performed in Xenopus embryos. My goal is to define the amino acid residues in the KH 2 domain that are responsible for providing specificity for Bicc1 binding to specific mRNAs, guide its repression activities and mediate its biological functions. Support or Funding Information This work is supported by a Hilldale Undergraduate Research Fellowship to SD and funding from NICHD (R01HD091921) to MDS. Megan Dowdle is supported by a SciMed GRS Advanced Opportunity Fellowship and Biotechnology Training Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIGMS T32GM008349).
Clinical Efforts to Reduce Myocardial Infarct Size—The Next Step (2011)

Prompt myocardial reperfusion reduces infarct size in patients experiencing coronary occlusion. However, its clinical value is limited because reperfusion also causes ischemic myocardial reperfusion injury (IMRI). Considerable research to reduce IMRI has been conducted. Three interventions appear to be promising: 1) myocardial conditioning, which consists of repetitive occlusions of coronary or other arteries prior to or at the time of myocardial reperfusion; 2) the administration of cyclosporine A; and 3) the administration of adenosine. A plan for the testing of these interventions in patients with acute myocardial infarction is described.
Risk prediction of incident coronary heart disease in the Netherlands: re-estimation and improvement of the SCORE risk function (2011)

In this Dutch population, a re-estimated SCORE function with total and HDL cholesterol levels instead of the cholesterol ratio can be used for the risk prediction of CHD incidence.