gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmental Feedback Drives Multiple Behaviors from the Same Neural Circuit (2013)

The ability of a single neural circuit to produce qualitatively distinct behaviors is typically attributed to some adaptive mechanism in the circuit itself. However, neural circuits are also embedded in particular bodies and environments, and feedback through the sensorimotor loop may also serve to drive behavioral differentiation. Here we explore the ability of a single neural circuit to produce qualitatively different behaviors based on changing patterns of environmental feedback. Agents equipped with two sets of effectors and controlled by fixed neural circuits are evolved to catch circles under three different motor conditions. In one condition, the agent must coordinate both sets of effectors, while in each of the other conditions one set of effectors is lesioned and the agent must rely on the other set alone to accomplish the task. A detailed behavioral analysis of the best evolved agent is reported, providing numerous insights into its evolved behavioral mechanism. The agent is found to produce significantly different motor outputs in each of the three conditions, to rely on continuous environmental feedback for successful behavior, and to switch flexibly between different behavioral conditions.
A scalar and vector potential formulation for finite element solutions to Maxwell's equations (1992)

Finite-element discretization of Maxwell's equations using conventional nodal-based elements has been plagued by spurious modes. A method for deterministic problems based on Helmholtz's equation and specific boundary conditions has previously been shown to eliminate these unwanted modes. In the present work, using a scalar and vector potential formulation and a particular choice of gauge, this Helmoltz-based method is derived in greater generality from first principles. Under certain conditions, the scalar potential can be eliminated completely and an equation for the electric field alone results which is free from spurious modes in nonresonant cases. Consideration of the uniqueness of the scalar potential leads to the derived boundary conditions. A second gauge condition leads to a slightly different formulation, more amenable to finite-element discretization but coupling the vector and scalar potentials in general. In the presence of physical resonances, boundary conditions alone are not sufficient to discriminate against spurious modes. Additional enforcement of the gauge condition, however, leads to the exact cancellation of the spurious modes in the vector potential by the gradient of the scalar potential.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
NPC1 and NPC2 Regulate Cellular Cholesterol Homeostasis through Generation of Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol-derived Oxysterols (2003)

Mutations in the Niemann-Pick disease genes cause lysosomal cholesterol accumulation and impaired low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol esterification. These findings have been attributed to a block in cholesterol movement from lysosomes to the site of the sterol regulatory machinery. In this study we show that Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) and Niemann-Pick type C2 (NPC2) mutants have increased cellular cholesterol, yet they are unable to suppress LDL receptor activity and cholesterol biosynthesis. Cholesterol overload in both NPC1 and NPC2 mutants results from the failure of LDL cholesterol tobothsuppresssterolregulatoryelement-bindingprotein-dependent gene expression and promote liver X receptor-mediated responses. However, the severity of the defect in regulation of sterol homeostasis does not correlate with endoplasmic reticulum cholesterol levels, but rather with the degree to which NPC mutant fibroblasts fail to appropriately generate 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol in response to LDL cholesterol. Moreover, we demonstrate that treatment with oxysterols reduces cholesterol in NPC mutants and is able to correct the NPC1I1061T phenotype, the most prevalent NPC1 disease genotype. Our findings support a role for NPC1 and NPC2 in the regulation of sterol homeostasis through generation of LDL cholesterol-derived oxysterols and have important implications for the treatment of NPC disease.
Debugging distributed programs through the detection of simultaneous events (2002)

Event based debuggers for distributed systems automatically detect occurrences of user specified events. During debugging it is not always possible to break-point a computation in a state that reflects an event occurrence. Thus, to avoid unnecessary break-points we must develop techniques that determine, prior to the initiation of a breakpoint, whether an event occurrence will be captured by the breakpoint. We propose the simultaneity operator for achieving the above goal. This operator asserts that its operand events, which correspond to slates of different processes in the distributed computation, are all true at a point in the program and stable with respect to this point. The stability of events guarantees that the initiation of a break point at this point will leave the system an a state which reflects the event occurrence. We present static analysis techniques that identify points in a program at which user specified simultaneous events should be evaluated to avoid unnecessary breakpointing. The statically computed information also enables minimal instrumentation of the program for the detection of event occurrences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[Nicolas and Camille Husson, chemists, archeologists, researchers ... in toul, during the second part of the 19th century]. (1997)

Nicolas Husson (1814-1890) was chemist in Toul from 1843-1844 to 1875-1876. He was also a member of the town council and deputy of the mayor, in charge of questions interesting education and attendance. Collector, author of some 40 papers, he was very interested in archeology, geology and hygiene in the neighbourhood of Toul. He explored there holes such "Les Trous de Sainte-Reine" and "Le Trou des Celtes". His son Camille (1843-1886) was first a military chemist but he joined soon his father. He was essentially an independant researcher in chemical and alimentary analysis, toxicology and hygiene. Also the author of numerous papers and archeologist, he became national correspondent of the Academy of medicine and chairman of the "Société de pharmacie de Lorraine".
Heterogeneously catalyzed free fatty acid esterification in (monophasic liquid)/solid packed bed reactors (PBR) (2014)

Biofuels are key products for the sustainability of the world energy consumption in the next years. Biodiesel in particular is a non-toxic, biodegradable, environmentally friendly alternative diesel fuel. Nowadays, the main problem for the commercialization of biodiesel is its final cost, that is strongly dependent (about 85 % of the total) by the feedstock used. A possible way to lower the biodiesel production costs is using raw oils, which contain a higher amount of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) that should be eliminated before the transesterification reaction to avoid soaps formation. In this work the deacidification of raw sunflower oil in both batch and PBR reactor was conducted. Heterogeneous catalyst Amberlyst 46 was used in its dry form and all the experiments were executed using an amount of methanol higher than the stoichiometric but preserving the mono-phasic liquid phase. Different operative conditions, i.e. different methanol/FFA ratios and temperatures in both the reactor configurations, were tested. The robust techniques for kinetic parameters estimation and simultaneous discrimination of rival models were adopted and combined with a dedicated differential-algebraic equation (DAE) model that characterizes the PBR reactor. The main kinetic parameters were regressed using kinetic models other than literature models (a pseudo-homogeneous and an adsorption based one) in considering the components molar fractions (ideal system). The kinetic parameters were obtained using equilibrated resins, i.e. using the catalyst after having let it to adsorb reactants and products at the operative conditions. From the regression results, it could be concluded that the pseudo-homogeneous model is slightly better for fitting the experimental data.
Temporal data mining algorithms for metric temporal constraint networks discovery (2013)

Temporal representation and reasoning play an important role in multiple areas of Artificial Intelligence, such as natural language processing, planning, scheduling or diagnostics. For long years, the main point in the research activity has been to put on formal grounds the representation of the multiple nuances of meaning for the different temporal notions, and to provide the corresponding inference mechanisms. These efforts have resulted in a set of formal tools that enable to elicit effective problem solving knowledge. 
The increasing availability of temporal data as a result of the activity of organizations has caused the emergence of the field of Temporal Data Mining, which aims to induce new and useful temporal knowledge from the computer data processing. Initially, the scientific community focused on designing efficient algorithms for mining frequent temporal patterns, where each temporal pattern emphasises a particular temporal order among a set of events. Since then, new algorithms have been proposed in order to induce more expressive information from data, specially focusing on coping with uncertainty, usually in a qualitative form.
The present work provides a set of temporal data mining techniques grouped into two main algorithms: ASTPminer and HSTPminer. These algorithms find sets of frequent temporal patterns from a collection of sequences of time-stamped events and episodes. Patterns obtained by both algorithms are represented as temporal constraint networks that provide tools for the treatment of inference, consistency checking or scenario finding tasks, and also allow a data mining user to interact with the mining process by providing previous domain knowledge about the kind of patterns of interest.
El agente Campylobacter en la producción animal y las estrategias de control para reducir la incidencia de la campilobacteriosis humana (2006)

Campylobacteriosis is one of the most important bacterial food-borne illnesses in humans. One significant source of infection is the handling and consumption of poultry meat, although other sources also contribute considerably. Controlling Campylobacter in broilers reduces the human burden of illness. Broilers can easily become colonised with Campylobacter and preventive measures in primary production have a limited and unpredictable effect. Vaccination, competitive exclusion, bacteriophage therapy and the use of bacteriocins are not yet commercially available. However, measures in the slaughterhouse can reduce contamination in the final product. At present, the most promising control strategy is to keep colonised and non-colonised flocks separate during slaughter ('scheduled processing'). The virtually Campylobacter-free meat can supply the fresh poultry meat market, while the meat from infected flocks can be treated to reduce the Campylobacter concentration. Meat from infected flocks can be treated by freezing but chemical decontamination appears to be more cost effective. A variant of this scenario is to treat only highly contaminated meat. The authors conclude that, until new techniques become commercially available, scheduled processing is the most cost-effective approach. Finally, the authors describe trends in antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter.
Complex Forming of the High-Functional Intermetallic Compound by the In Process Synthesis (2006)

[ <TEX>$MoSi_2$</TEX> ] alloys with Al, B or Nb were prepared by an advanced consolidation process that combined mechanical alloying with pulse discharge sintering (complex forming) to improve the mechanical properties. Their microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The <TEX>$MoSi_2$</TEX> alloys fabricated by complex forming method showed very fine microstructure when compared with the sample sintered from commercial <TEX>$MoSi_2$</TEX> powders. Alloys made from powders milled in Ar gas had fewer silica or alumina phases as compared to their counterparts sintered from powders milled in air. In densification of the sintered body, addition of B was more effective than Al or Nb. Both Victors hardness and tensile test indicated that the alloy fabricated by the complex forming method showed better properties than the sample sintered from commercial <TEX>$MoSi_2$</TEX> powders. The Al added alloy sintered from the powders milled in air had the superior mechanical properties due to the suppression of <TEX>$SiO_2$</TEX> and formation of fine <TEX>$Al_2O_3$</TEX> particles.
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with high serum potassium in renal transplant recipients: a cyclosporine A associated side effect. (1986)

In four out of 23 renal transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine A (CyA) and prednisone, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with high serum potassium was detected. The patients with metabolic acidosis had a normal anion gap and they all had a urine pH less than 6.0. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was in the low normal range and serum aldosterone in the normal range. Following reduction of the CyA dose, serum bicarbonate increased, serum chloride and serum potassium fell. None of these parameters, however, became normal. Because of morphological changes and sustained reduced renal function, two patients were switched from CyA to azathioprine plus prednisone. Within two weeks after switching, serum bicarbonate, serum chloride, and serum potassium normalized. These data suggest, that CyA induces dose dependent hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with high serum potassium in renal transplant recipients.
A computer-aided design model for high-voltage double diffused MOS (DMOS) transistors (1976)

High-voltage double diffused metal-oxide semiconductor transistors (DMOST's) have been fabricated with drain-source breakdown voltage greater than 200 V. This paper describes an experimental and theoretical study of the current-voltage behavior of these devices leading to a two-component MOS field effect transistor (MOSFET)-resistor model appropriate for computer-aided circuit design. The effects of velocity saturation, mobility reduction, and nonuniform impurity concentration in the channel, and of spreading resistance in the drift region are considered. Parameter extraction for experimentally characterizing these effects is described. Comparison of experimental and theoretical results shows that the model accurately predicts the device I/V characteristics. The range of validity of the model is limited primarily by high current saturation effects.
Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 Modulates Daxx Localization, Phosphorylation, and Transcriptional Activity (2003)

We describe an interaction between homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 (HIPK1) and Daxx, two transcriptional regulators important in transducing growth-regulatory signals. We demonstrate that HIPK1 is ubiquitously expressed in mice and humans and localizes predominantly to the nucleus. Daxx normally resides within the nucleus in promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) oncogenic domains (PODs), where it physically interacts with PML. Under certain circumstances, Daxx is relocalized from PODs to chromatin, where it then acts as a transcriptional repressor through an association with histone deacetylase (HDAC1). We propose two novel mechanisms for regulating the activity of Daxx, both mediated by HIPK1. First, HIPK1 physically interacts with Daxx in cells and consequently relocalizes Daxx from PODs. Daxx relocalization disrupts its interaction with PML and augments its interaction with HDAC1, likely influencing Daxx activity. Although the relocalization of Daxx from PODs is phosphorylation independent, an active HIPK1 kinase domain is required, suggesting that HIPK1 autophosphorylation is important in this interaction. Second, HIPK1 phosphorylates Daxx on Ser 669, and phosphorylation of this site is important in modulating the ability of Daxx to function as a transcriptional repressor. Mutation of Daxx Ser 669 to Ala results in increased repression in three of four transcriptional reporters, suggesting that phosphorylation by HIPK1 diminishes Daxx transcriptional repression of specific promoters. Taken together, our results indicate that HIPK1 and Daxx collaborate in regulating transcription.
Glioblastoma multiforme: emerging treatments and stratification markers beyond new drugs (2015)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumour in adults. The standard therapy for GBM is maximal surgical resection followed by radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ). In spite of the extensive treatment, the disease is associated with poor clinical outcome. Further intensification of the standard treatment is limited by the infiltrating growth of the GBM in normal brain areas, the expected neurological toxicities with radiation doses >60 Gy and the dose-limiting toxicities induced by systemic therapy. To improve the outcome of patients with GBM, alternative treatment modalities which add low or no additional toxicities to the standard treatment are needed. Many Phase II trials on new chemotherapeutics or targeted drugs have indicated potential efficacy but failed to improve the overall or progression-free survival in Phase III clinical trials. In this review, we will discuss contemporary issues related to recent technical developments and new metabolic strategies for patients with GBM including MR (spectroscopy) imaging, (amino acid) positron emission tomography (PET), amino acid PET, surgery, radiogenomics, particle therapy, radioimmunotherapy and diets.
Theoretical Estimation of Acid Strength of Boron Fluoride-Alcohol Complexes During Cationic Polymerization of Olefins (1997)

Complexes of alcohols (CH3OH, C2H5-OH, iso-C3H7, t-C4H9) and boron fluoride, BRnF3−n , (here n = 0, 1, 2, 3; R = CH3, C2H5, iso-C3H7, t-C4H9) are the traditional acidic catalysts of polymerization of olefins [1–3]. Change of the nature of proton donors-alcohols and of ligand environment of B provides the formation of initiating systems with a wide range of activity.
Large Curvature Effect on Pulsatile Entrance Flow in a Curved Tube: Model Experiment Simulating Blood Flow in an Aortic Arch (1996)

We measured the velocity profiles of pulsatile entrance flow in a strongly curved tube using a laser-Doppler anemometer in order to simulate blood flow in the aortic arch under various conditions, i.e., a ratio of tube to curvature radius of 1/3, Womersley parameters of 12 and 18, and peak Dean number up to 1200. Axial isovelocity contours of the cross-section showed the potential vortex to be near the entrance, and with the maximum velocity there being skewed towards the inner wall; thereafter shifting towards the outer wall. During the deceleration phase, reverse axial flow occurred near the inner wall, and a region of this flow extended downstream. The large curvature contributes to the enhancement of the secondary flow and flow reversal, which elevates the wall-shear stress oscillations. The location of elevated wall-shear oscillations corresponds to the vessel wall region where atherosclerotic formation frequently occurs; thereby indicating that both the large curvature and pulsatility play key roles in formation of localized atherosclerotic lesions.
Contribution of Singlet Oxygen to the Photofading of Indigo (1979)

The photofading of indigo in solution is examined. This photofading is accelerated in the presence of sensitizers of singlet oxygen, e. g. Methylene Blue or Rose Bengal. The fading is retarded by adding effective singlet oxygen quenchers, such as β–carotene, DABCO or nickel di–methyldithiocarbamate. In irradiations of both filtered (λ &gt; 390 nm) and nnfiltered types, isatin is formed as the main photofading product. It is suggested that the photofading of indigo in solution may be due to a self–sensitized photo–oxidation involving singlet oxygen. By carrying out competitive photo–oxidation experiments in solution, the relative rate constant for the reaction with singlet oxygen is determined.
Design and experimental demonstration of mirror-aided non-imaging receiver for indoor MIMO-VLC systems (2016)

Visible light communication (VLC) has attracted great attention with the development of the emerging solid-state lighting sources. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique is promising to support high data rate VLC thanks to the deployment of multiple lighting sources. However, high channel correlation in indoor MIMO-VLC channels is critical to the performance of indoor MIMO-VLC systems. The advanced non-imaging receivers in recent works reduce the channel correlation by directivity for each photodetector (PD) by interfering the reception of light oriented in the specific direction. Contrary to previous works, we propose in this paper a new mirror-embedded non-imaging receiver which not only blocks the reception of light on one specific direction but also improves the channel gain on the other direction by receiving the light reflected by a double-sided mirror deployed between the PDs. Numerical results and experimental demonstration show that our proposed mirror diversity receiver (MDR) are more beneficial to obtain well-conditioned channel matrices for spatial-multiplexing MIMO-VLC systems supporting high speed data transmission.
A Microfluidic Biodisplay (2017)

Synthetically engineered cells are powerful and potentially useful biosensors, but it remains problematic to deploy such systems due to practical difficulties and biosafety concerns. To overcome these hurdles, we developed a microfluidic device that serves as an interface between an engineered cellular system, environment, and user. We created a biodisplay consisting of 768 individually programmable biopixels and demonstrated that it can perform multiplexed, continuous sampling. The biodisplay detected 10 μg/L sodium-arsenite in tap water using a research grade fluorescent microscope, and reported arsenic contamination down to 20 μg/L with an easy to interpret "skull and crossbones" symbol detectable with a low-cost USB microscope or by eye. The biodisplay was designed to prevent release of chemical or biological material to avoid environmental contamination. The microfluidic biodisplay thus provides a practical solution for the deployment and application of engineered cellular systems.
Successful Treatment of Periungual Warts with Diluted Bleomycin Using Translesional Multipuncture Technique: A Pilot Prospective Study (2011)

Translesional multipuncture treatment with a low concentration (0.1 U/mL) of bleomycin is an effective modality for periungual warts that results in minimal side effects. Larger controlled studies are needed.
How to decrease magnetic power loss for development of high efficiency electric machines (2016)

This paper describes about the core loss (magnetic power loss, iron loss) reduction method for upgrading high efficiency motor. It is difficult to achieve the core loss reduction of motor by using conventional technique. Therefore we proposed the vector magnetic characteristic technology which is constructed magnetic characteristic analytical method, evaluation method of magnetic materials, and the building factor problem. Furthermore as an important magnetic characteristic, magnetostriction phenomena based on new viewpoint are introduced and its numerical simulation results.