gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The athena semi‐automated karyotyping system (1990)

In this article we describe Athena, a system that provides for semi-automated karyotyping of metaphase spreads. The system is based upon the Macintosh II computer. It uses software that is written entirely in C and consists of approximately 200 Kbytes of executable code. Athena provides automated segmentation of metaphase images into individual chromosomes, automated measurements on each banded chromosome, and automated classification into the standard Paris-convention karyotype. Furthermore, the system provides the ability to construct one or more chromosome data bases to represent the types of metaphase spreads and staining techniques that may be used in a given laboratory. Because we believe that it is impossible to construct a system that can achieve perfect segmentation, perfect separation of touching and overlapping chromosomes, perfect localization of the centromeres, and perfect classification, the system offers the possibility for interaction at each of the above stages using the well-accepted Macintosh user interface.
The use of adjunctive therapies during oral immunotherapy: A focus on biologics (2022)

Oral immunotherapy (OIT), thus far, is the most evaluated therapeutic approach for food allergy. However, OIT is not known to lead to a cure, and it carries a risk for allergic reactions. Adjunct therapies to OIT are currently being investigated to evaluate their effect on safety and outcome. Of these therapies, omalizumab is the most evaluated biologic. There is mounting evidence that omalizumab is effective in inducing rapid desensitization of OIT in both single-food and multiallergen OIT, while diminishing the rate of adverse reactions. Evaluation of other adjunct biologics, such as dupilumab and bacterial therapy, is underway.
Sample-path large deviations for tandem and priority queues with Gaussian inputs (2005)

This paper considers Gaussian flows multiplexed in a queueing network. A single node being a useful but often incomplete setting, we examine more advanced models. We focus on a (two-node) tandem queue, fed by a large number of Gaussian inputs. With service rates and buffer sizes at both nodes scaled appropriately, Schilder's sample-path large-deviations theorem can be applied to calculate the asymptotics of the overflow probability of the second queue. More specifically, we derive a lower bound on the exponential decay rate of this overflow probability and present an explicit condition for the lower bound to match the exact decay rate. Examples show that this condition holds for a broad range of frequently used Gaussian inputs. The last part of the paper concentrates on a model for a single node, equipped with a priority scheduling policy. We show that the analysis of the tandem queue directly carries over to this priority queueing system.
Microfluidic co-cultures with hydrogel-based ligand trap to study paracrine signals giving rise to cancer drug resistance (2015)

Targeted cancer therapies are designed to deactivate signaling pathways used by cancer cells for survival. However, cancer cells are often able to adapt by activating alternative survival pathways, thereby acquiring drug resistance. An emerging theory is that autocrine or paracrine growth factor signaling in the cancer microenvironment represent an important mechanism of drug resistance. In the present study we wanted to examine whether paracrine interactions between groups of melanoma cells result in resistance to vemurafenib - an FDA approved drug targeting the BRAF mutation in metastatic melanoma. We used a vemurafenib-resistant melanoma model which secretes fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 to test our hypothesis that this is a key paracrine mediator of resistance to vemurafenib. Sensitive cells treated with media conditioned by resistant cells did not protect from the effects of vemurafenib. To query paracrine interactions further we fabricated a microfluidic co-culture device with two parallel compartments, separated by a 100 μm wide hydrogel barrier. The gel barrier prevented resorting/contact of cells while permitting paracrine cross-talk. In this microfluidic system, sensitive cells did become refractive to the effects of vemurafenib when cultured adjacent to resistant cells. Importantly, incorporation of FGF-2 capture probes into the gel barrier separating the two cell types prevented onset of resistance to vemurafenib. Microfluidic tools described here allow for more sensitive analysis of paracrine signals, may help better understand signaling in the cancer microenvironment and may enable development of more effective cancer therapies.
Bone morphogenetic proteins in anterior lumbar interbody fusion: old techniques and new technologies (2004)

In these studies it was shown that rhBMP-2 is a safe and effective material for facilitating ALIF and for decreasing pain and improving clinical outcomes.
Design of a current mode polarization arithmetic analyzer (2014)

CMOS Polarization image sensors can detect the polarization of an incident light, from which a lot of information can be derived about the properties and shape of the images objects. This paper proposes a current mode polarization analyzer, based on a three-parameter polarization analysis methodology. The procedure of the calculation of the intensity, polarization degree, and the polarization angle is optimized in a format for hardware friendly implementation. The proposed analysis procedure is implemented using only absolute adder/subtractors and multiplier/dividers. In this work, the multiplier/divider is performed in two modes: i) geometric mean calculation mode, and ii) square/divider mode. Both a parallel implementation, which employs five multiplier/divider, for the optimization of processing efficiency, and a serial implementation, which employs two multiplier/divider, for the optimization of power efficiency, are designed and compared. A prototype chip of the proposed design was implemented in 0.5μm 3M2P standard CMOS technology, occupying a silicon area of 150 × 140 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Lack of Association Between ß-herpesvirus Infection and Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome in Lung Transplant Recipients in the Era of Antiviral Prophylaxis (2009)

In lung transplant recipients receiving prolonged antiviral prophylaxis, reactivation of beta-herpesviruses within the allograft was common. However, despite high viral loads in many patients, virus replication was not associated with the development of rejection or BOS.
Minimal Clinically Important Difference, Clinical Perspective: An Opinion (2005)

The Minimal Clinically Important Difference has become a key feature for both the validation of clinical tools and for the assessment of clinical studies. Several methods have been developed to establish what a Minimal Clinically Important Difference is. The primary purpose of the Minimal Clinically Important Difference, however, is to provide a measure of relevance for a statistically applied measure. It does not, despite its name, necessarily relate to the "Clinical" condition. In this context, human beings are capable of extremely fine grades of discrimination of very subtle differences, when they care about the measures. When they do not care about the measure, large differences may be irrelevant. The flavors of wines or the tone qualities of musical instruments are readily recognizable examples. The importance of an outcome, for a clinician caring for an individual patient, therefore, will be highly patient specific. The Minimal Clinically Important Difference has great utility in assessing tools for clinical investigation. It has limitations in assisting the clinician. The subtleties that may be meaningful to individuals are often lost in discrimination tests in large populations where not all have the same interests. In addition, readily applicable tests, for example, discriminating degrees of salty water, for which Minimal Clinically Important Difference can be readily defined, are often tests that have no interest for the majority of the population tested. This leads to several paradoxes. Readily defined Minimal Clinically Important Differences are likely to be defined for parameters that are of little interest to a large number of persons. Conversely, parameters that are of great interest to selected individuals, that could be discerned by them with great subtly are likely to be poorly generalizable. Without doubt, defining a Minimal Clinically Important Difference will remain a key goal in the validation and application of tools for clinical investigations. The limits of the concept, particularly as it relates to issues of importance to patients, however, needs to be recognized.
Mie and Rayleigh modeling of visible-light scattering in neonatal skin (1995)

Reduced-scattering coefficients of neonatal skin were deduced in the 450-750-nm range from integrating-sphere measurements of the total reflection and total transmission of 22 skin samples. The reduced-scattering coefficients increased linearly at each wavelength with gestational maturity. The distribution of diameters d and concentration ρ(A) of the skin-sample collagen fibers were measured in histological sections of nine neonatal skin samples of varying gestational ages. An algorithm that calculates Mie scattering by cylinders was used to model the scattering by the collagen fibers in the skin. The fraction of the reduced-scattering coefficient µ(s)' that was attributable to Mie scattering by collagen fibers, as deduced from wavelength-dependent analysis, increased with gestational age and approached that found for adult skin. An assignment of 1.017 for n(rel), the refractive index of the collagen fibers relative to that of the surrounding medium, allowed the values for Mie scattering by collagen fibers, as predicted by the model for each of the nine neonatal skin samples to match the values for Mie scattering by collagen fibers as expected from the measurements of µ(s)'. The Mie-scattering model predicted an increase in scattering with gestational age on the basis of changes in the collagen-fiber diameters, and this increase was proportional to that measured with the integrating-sphere method.
Development of Polymer Gel Systems to Improve Volumetric Sweep and Reduce Producing Water/Oil Ratios (2005)

Gelled polymer treatments are applied to oil reservoirs to increase oil production and to reduce water production by altering the fluid movement within the reservoir. This report describes the results of the third year of a 42 month research program that is aimed at an understanding of gelation chemistry and the fundamental mechanisms that alter the flows of oil and water in reservoir rocks after a gel treatment. Work focused on a widely applied system in the field, the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide-chromium acetate gel. Gelation occurs by network formation through the crosslinking of polyacrylamide molecules as a result of reaction with chromium acetate. Pre-gel aggregates form and grow as reactions between chromium acetate and polyacrylamide proceed. A mathematical model that describes uptake and crosslinking reactions as a function of time was derived. The model was probability based and provides molecular-weight averages and molecular-weight distributions of the pre-gel aggregates as a function of time and initial system conditions. A liquid chromatography apparatus to experimentally measure the size and molecular weight distributions of polymer samples was developed. The method worked well for polymer samples without the chromium crosslinker. Sample retention observed during measurements of gelant samples during the gelation process compromised the results. Other methods will be tested to measure size distributions of the pre-gel aggregates. Dissolution of carbonate minerals during the injection of gelants causes the pH of the gelant to increase. Chromium precipitates from solution at the higher pH values robbing the gelant of crosslinker. Experimental data on the transport of chromium acetate solutions through dolomite cores were obtained. A mathematical model that describes the transport of brine and chromium acetate solutions through rocks containing carbonate minerals was used to simulate the experimental results.
Imaging the D″ reflector with noise correlations (2015)

The lowermost mantle of the Earth is characterized by seismic structures that range from a few tens to thousands of kilometers. At present, it is difficult to test hypotheses put forward to explain seismic observations due to poor seismic coverage, as particular earthquake-station geometries are needed. We demonstrate here that seismic noise correlations can be used to robustly image deep-mantle reflections with larger stacked amplitudes of reflected waves compared with earthquake data. In a comparison between noise and earthquake data, we find that the arrival times and the slowness of reflected waves, both sampling a region beneath Siberia, agree with those for a reflector at 2530 km depth, and the small amplitude reflections are sufficiently clear in the noise correlations to compare them reliably with synthetic data. Our data open exciting prospects for illuminating new target zones in the deep mantle to further constrain the dynamics and mineralogy of the deep Earth.
In Situ Cross-linking Hydrogel as a Vehicle for Retinal Progenitor Cell Transplantation (2019)

One of the current limitations of retinal transplantation of stem cells as well as other cell types is the dispersion of cells from the injection site (including loss of cells into the vitreous chamber) and low survival after transplantation. Gelatin-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid (Gtn-HPA) conjugate is a biodegradable polymer that can undergo covalent cross-linking <i>in situ</i>, allowing for injection of incorporated cells through a small caliber needle followed by gel formation <i>in vivo</i>. We tested the hypothesis that Gtn-HPA hydrogel supports survival and integration of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) post-transplantation. <i>In vitro</i> compatibility and <i>in vivo</i> graft survival were assessed by mixing an equal volume of Gtn-HPA conjugate and RPC suspension and triggering enzyme-mediated gelation, using minute amounts of horseradish peroxidase and peroxide. Immunocytochemistry showed >80% survival of cells and minimal apoptosis for cells incorporated into Gtn-HPA, equivalent to controls grown on fibronectin-coated flasks. RPCs undergoing mitosis were seen within the three-dimensional Gtn-HPA hydrogel, but the percentage of Ki-67-positive cells was lower compared with the monolayer controls. For <i>in vivo</i> studies, gel-cell mixture or cell suspension in saline was trans-sclerally injected into the left eye of female Long Evans rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporine A. Grafts survived at the 1 week time point of the study, with Gtn-HPA-delivered grafts showing less inflammatory response demonstrated by anti-leukocyte staining. More eyes in the gel-cell mixture group showed surviving cells in the subretinal space compared with saline-delivered controls, while the number of cells surviving per graft was not significantly different between the two groups. This work demonstrates an injectable <i>in situ</i> cross-linking hydrogel as a potential vehicle for stem cell delivery in the retina.
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Formation of Indene Derivatives via Tandem Reactions of Arylacetylenes with the Cations Generated from 2‐Silylmethyl Cyclopropyl Carbinols. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
FRS7 and FRS12 recruit NINJA to regulate expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes (2020)

The sessile lifestyle of plants requires accurate physiology adjustments to be able to thrive in a changing environment. Plants integrate environmental timing signals to control developmental and stress responses. Here, we identified Far1 Related Sequence (FRS) 7 and FRS12, two transcriptional repressors that accumulate in short-day conditions, as regulators of Arabidopsis glucosinolate (GSL) biosynthesis. Loss of function of FRS7 and FRS12 results in plants with increased amplitudes of diurnal expression of GSL pathway genes. Protein interaction analyses revealed that FRS7 and FRS12 recruit the NOVEL INTERACTOR OF JAZ (NINJA) to assemble a transcriptional repressor complex. Genetic and molecular evidence demonstrated that FRS7, FRS12 and NINJA jointly regulate the expression of GSL biosynthetic genes, and thus constitute a molecular mechanism that modulates specialized metabolite accumulation.
Parallel and Successive Resource Allocation for V2V Communications in\n Overlapping Clusters (2018)

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has introduced in Rel. 14 a\nnovel technology referred to as vehicle--to--vehicle (V2V) \\textit{mode-3}.\nUnder this scheme, the eNodeB assists in the resource allocation process\nallotting sidelink subchannels to vehicles. Thereupon, vehicles transmit their\nsignals in a broadcast manner without the intervention of the former one.\neNodeBs will thereby play a determinative role in the assignment of subchannels\nas they can effectively manage V2V traffic and prevent allocation conflicts.\nThe latter is a crucial aspect to be enforced in order for the signals to be\nreceived reliably by other vehicles. To this purpose, we propose two resource\nallocation schemes namely bipartite graph matching-based successive allocation\n(BGM-SA) and bipartite graph matching-based parallel allocation (BGM-PA) which\nare suboptimal approaches with lesser complexity than exhaustive search. Both\nschemes incorporate constraints to prevent allocation conflicts from emerging.\nIn this research, we consider overlapping clusters only, which could be formed\nat intersections or merging highways. We show through simulations that BGM-SA\ncan attain near-optimal performance whereas BGM-PA is subpar but less complex.\nAdditionally, since BGM-PA is based on inter-cluster vehicle pre-grouping, we\nexplore different metrics that could effectively portray the overall channel\nconditions of pre-grouped vehicles. This is of course not optimal in terms of\nmaximizing the system capacity---since the allocation process would be based on\nsimplified surrogate information---but it reduces the computational complexity.\n
Distributed convergence verification for Gaussian belief propagation (2017)

Gaussian belief propagation (BP) is a computationally efficient method to approximate the marginal distribution and has been widely used for inference with high dimensional data as well as distributed estimation in large-scale networks. However, the convergence of Gaussian BP is still an open issue. Though sufficient convergence conditions have been studied in the literature, verifying these conditions requires gathering all the information over the whole network, which defeats the main advantage of distributed computing by using Gaussian BP. In this paper, we propose a novel sufficient convergence condition for Gaussian BP that applies to both the pairwise linear Gaussian model and to Gaussian Markov random fields. We show analytically that this sufficient convergence condition can be easily verified in a distributed way that satisfies the network topology constraint.
Abstract 5275: Kruppel-Like Factor 15 Regulates the Cardiovascular Response to Angiotensin II (2008)

Background : Angiotensin II (A-II) causes pathologic remodeling of the heart and vasculature through gene-regulatory pathways that are incompletely understood. We and others have identified Kruppel-Like Factor 15 (KLF15) as a transcription factor that may exert beneficial effects in the cardiovascular system, however, its role in A-II signaling remains unknown. We hypothesize that KLF15 can modulate the deleterious effects of A-II on the heart and blood vessel. Methods and Results : A-II downregulates KLF15 expression in heart and vascular tissues in vitro and in vivo . Mice with systemic KLF15 deficiency (male, age 10 wks) have baseline abnormalities of the heart (increased cardiac mass, LV thickness, fetal gene expression) and vasculature (thickened aortic media with elastin breakdown). In response to chronic A-II infusion (1.4 mg/kg/D x 14D), KLF15 KO mice develop severe degenerative changes in both the heart and vessel compared to wild-type controls. In the heart, KLF15 KO mice develop pronounced heart failure characterized by augmented cardiac mass, eccentric LV remodeling, profound LV systolic dysfunction, increased fibrosis, enhanced fetal gene expression and apoptotic cell loss. Dramatic degenerative changes also occur in the aorta of KLF15 KO mice including medial destruction with elastin degradation, outward remodeling with vessel dilation, augmented inflammatory gene expression, and foci of severe smooth muscle apoptosis. Mechanistically, there is exaggerated accumulation of p53 and its direct pro-apoptotic targets in the heart (Bax) and aorta (Bax, p21) of KLF15 KO mice. As p53-mediated degradation of HIF1α has been implicated in cardiac decompensation, we show that KLF15 KO hearts have decreased HIF1α levels and fail to mount an angiogenic response to A-II. Finally, we provide evidence that KLF15 can directly inhibit p53 protein accumulation in a proteasome-dependent manner. Conclusion : KLF15 deficiency renders the cardiovascular system exquisitely sensitive to A-II stimulation and leads to degenerative remodeling of the heart and blood vessel with exaggerated p53 accumulation in these tissues. These findings suggest that manipulation of KLF15 function may provide novel approaches to inhibit the pathologic effects of A-II.
Correction. Binary Liquid Diffusion Prediction in Infinitely Diluted Systems Using the Ultimate Volume Approach (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrection. Binary Liquid Diffusion Prediction in Infinitely Diluted Systems Using the Ultimate Volume ApproachEli Grushka, E Kikta, and H CullinanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1976, 80, 27, 2997Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online15 March 2006Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100908a601https://doi.org/10.1021/j100908a601research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Emission spectroscopy of ablation plumes in liquid for analytical purposes (2007)

The emission intensity of Ag(I) lines obtained by the laser ablation of an Ag plate immersed in water was examined. Due to an intense self-absorption in the plume, the spectral intensity of the emission approaches the Planck distribution, which is a function of temperature, but not a function of the population of the levels involved in the transition. The temperature obtained by assuming the Planck intensity agrees well with the previous study on the plume temperature in water. The result that the emission suffers from the intense self-absorption is a disadvantage for the use of emission spectra from the laser ablation plume in liquid as a quantitative elemental analysis of solid surfaces in liquid.