gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromechanical and Robotic Devices for Gait and Balance Rehabilitation of Children with Neurological Disability: A Systematic Review (2021)

In the last two decades, a growing interest has been focused on gait and balance robot-assisted rehabilitation in children with neurological disabilities. Robotic devices allow the implementation of intensive, task-specific training fostering functional recovery and neuroplasticity phenomena. However, limited attention has been paid to the protocols used in this research framework. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the existing literature on robotic systems for the rehabilitation of gait and balance in children with neurological disabilities and their rehabilitation applications. The literature search was carried out independently and synchronously by three authors on the following databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PeDro, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The data collected included three subsections referring to clinical, technical, and regulatory aspects. Thirty-one articles out of 81 found on the primary literature search were included in the systematic review. Most studies involved children with cerebral palsy. Only one-third of the studies were randomized controlled trials. Overall, 17 devices (nine end-effector systems and eight exoskeletons) were investigated, among which only 4 (24%) were bore the CE mark. Studies differ on rehabilitation protocols duration, intensity, and outcome measures. Future research should improve both rehabilitation protocols’ and devices’ descriptions.
Architecture and implementation of an embedded reconfigurable logic core in CMOS 0.13 μm (2003)

Reconfigurable logic is gaining importance in the context of embedded systems. But cost-efficient architectures implementable in standard CMOS technology, and mature design and mapping tools for them are still missing. This paper presents a novel architecture of an embedded reconfigurable logic (RL) core optimised for DSP applications. Tuning towards the application domain allowed one to reduce the logic cell implementation cost and the logic cell routing resources by 23% and 28%, respectively, compared to a commercial FPGA device with equivalent functionality. A tile-based approach which enabled the implementation of the RL core at a reduced design effort is also described. Finally, some VLSI implementation details of the core and the test chip realised in a standard 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS process technology are discussed.
Before It Gets Started: Regulating Translation at the 5′ UTR (2012)

Translation regulation plays important roles in both normal physiological conditions and diseases states. This regulation requires cis-regulatory elements located mostly in 5' and 3' UTRs and trans-regulatory factors (e.g., RNA binding proteins (RBPs)) which recognize specific RNA features and interact with the translation machinery to modulate its activity. In this paper, we discuss important aspects of 5' UTR-mediated regulation by providing an overview of the characteristics and the function of the main elements present in this region, like uORF (upstream open reading frame), secondary structures, and RBPs binding motifs and different mechanisms of translation regulation and the impact they have on gene expression and human health when deregulated.
Generic derivation of induction for impredicative encodings in Cedille (2018)

This paper presents generic derivations of induction for impredicatively typed lambda-encoded datatypes, in the Cedille type theory. Cedille is a pure type theory extending the Curry-style Calculus of Constructions with implicit products, primitive heterogeneous equality, and dependent intersections. All data erase to pure lambda terms, and there is no built-in notion of datatype. The derivations are generic in the sense that we derive induction for any datatype which arises as the least fixed point of a signature functor. We consider Church-style and Mendler-style lambda-encodings. Moreover, the isomorphism of these encodings is proved. Also, we formalize Lambek's lemma as a consequence of expected laws of cancellation, reflection, and fusion.
New Catalysts for the Base-Promoted Isomerization of Epoxides to Allylic Alcohols. Broadened Scope and Near-Perfect Asymmetric Induction (2002)

Optically active (1S,3R,4R)-3-[N-(trans-2,5-dialkyl)pyrrolidinyl]methyl-2-azabicyclo-[2.2.1]heptanes were evaluated as catalysts for the enantioselective beta-elimination of meso-epoxides. The (2R,5R)-dimethylpyrrolidinyl-substituted catalyst 4 exhibited exceptionally high enantioselectivity and reactivity, and several substrates were rearranged with enantioselectivities of 98-99% ee. In addition, the use of 4 allowed the first successful, true catalytic rearrangement of the difficult substrates cyclopentene oxide (81%, 96% ee) and (Z)-4-octene oxide (80%, 91% ee).
Precision compatibilizers for composites: in-between self-aggregation, surfaces recognition and interface stabilization (2018)

Peptide-polymer conjugates are applied as interface stabilizers that are precisely tuned to recognize the surfaces of inorganic constituents in composites. A set of peptide sequences is usually selected through phage-display and a strategy is presented for the identification of the most effective sequences through the evaluation of secondary interactions, including not only surface binding but also solubility and self-aggregation tendency.
High Resolution Distributed Strain or Temperature Measurements in Single- and Multi-Mode Fiber Using Swept-Wavelength Interferometry (2006)

We describe the use of swept-wavelength interferometry for distributed fiber-optic strain and temperature sensing in single mode and gradient index multimode fiber. The method is used to measure strain in a four-strand multimode cable under twist.
A Flexible High Resolution Tactile Imager with Video Signal Output. (1991)

A high resolution and sheetlike form imaging tactile sensor with video signal output has been developed. The sensor has a 64×64 array of sensing elements on a flexible PC board with 1mm spatial resolution. Since the sensor outputs pressure distribution as a video signal, real time tactile image can be observed by using TV monitor. Moreover the same hardware and software of a vision system can be used for measured data handlings, tactile image processing and recording are very simple. As the sensor is made up of a sheet of pressure conductive rubber and stripe electrodes, there are undesiable current passes between sensing elements. Thus these undesiable current passes must be cut within a short scanning priod (500 ns for each element). We used a ground potential method and proved it useful under such a high speed scanning condition. The properties of pressure conductive rubber, including hysteresis and creap effects, are presented. A spatial filtering effect of an elastic cover for a tactile sensor is also analyzed. And it is proved this effect is very important. The final section shows measured data and image processing examples.
Enantioselective Preparation of β2‐Amino Acids with Aspartate, Glutamate, Asparagine, and Glutamine Side Chains (2004)

Abstract ( S )‐ β 2 ‐Homoamino acids with the side chains of Asp, Glu, Asn, and Gln have been prepared and suitably protected ( N ‐Fmoc, CO 2 t Bu, CONHTrt) for solid‐phase peptide syntheses. The key steps of the syntheses are: N ‐acylation of 5,5‐diphenyl‐4‐isopropyl‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐one (DIOZ) with succinic and glutaric anhydrides ( Scheme 2 ), alkylation of the corresponding Li‐enolates with benzyl iodoacetate and Curtius degradation ( Scheme 4 ), and removal of the chiral auxiliary ( Scheme 5 ). In addition, numerous functional‐group manipulations (CO 2 H⇌CO 2 t Bu, CO 2 Bn⇌CO 2 H, CbzNH→FmocNH, CO 2 H→CO 2 NH 2 →CONHTrt; Schemes 2, 4, 5 , and 6 ) were necessary, in order to arrive at the four target structures. The configurational assignments were confirmed by X‐ray crystal‐structure determinations ( Scheme 2 and Fig. 3 ). The enantiomeric purities of a β 2 hAsn and of a β 2 hGln derivative were determined by HPLC on a Chiralcel column to be 99.7 : 0.3 and &gt;99 : 1, respectively ( Fig. 4 ). Notably, it took up to twelve steps to prepare a suitably protected trifunctional product with a single stereogenic center (overall yield of 10% from DIOZ and succinic anhydride)!
Effects of bubbles on high-frequency sound propagation in very shallow water (1998)

The results of an experiment performed off the research pier at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography that measured the acoustic effects of small bubbles in very shallow water (6 m) are discussed. The results presented are in coordination with researchers who conducted other measurements simultaneously. During the experiment, rip currents passed through a field of measurement instruments 300 m offshore. These rip currents were laden with bubbles created in the surf between the instruments and the shore. Pulse signals, between 39 and 244 kHz, were propagated to 10 m through the bubble clouds. The effects of these rip currents on the spatial distributions of the resulting acoustic attenuation are discussed. From the attenuation data, bubble populations are calculated by an iterative procedure based on the well-known resonant bubble approximation. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
Effect of Freezing/Thawing Temperature on the Viscoelastic and Nutritional Qualities of Carrots (2015)

This study evaluated and correlated the viscoelastic and nutritional properties of carrots after freezing (–20, –70, and –196oC) and thawing (4 and 18oC) treatments. Results showed that all samples exhibited a solid behavior (storage modulus G′ > loss modulus G″) dominating the viscoelastic response. After treatments, G′, G″, hardness, fracturability, springiness, and chewiness of carrots significantly decreased, whereas loss tangent (Tanδ) increased. Compared with other treatments, fast freezing (–196oC) and thawing (18oC) better maintained G′, G″, hardness, and fracturability of carrots, and intermediate freezing (–70oC) better retained springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness. For nutritional parameters, fast freezing and thawing conditions also contributed to preserving the contents of carotenoids of carrots. Partial least squares regression analysis revealed that β- and α-carotene, lycopene, and soluble sugars were positively correlated with hardness, fracturability, G′, and G″, and negatively with Tanδ in carrots. The variation of viscoelastic parameters could well predict the changes at nutritional levels.
Genetic markers anticipate response to citalopram in a majority of patients (2011)

For the majority of the patients, genetic markers can be used to guide selection of citalopram. The rules identified in this study can help personalize prescription of antidepressants.
Cerebrospinal fluid β-synuclein as a synaptic biomarker for preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (2022)

CSF β-syn increases in the whole AD continuum since the preclinical stage and represents a promising biomarker of synaptic damage in AD.
Differences in Inhaled Fluticasone Bioavailability Between Holding Chambers in Children with Asthma (2002)

Differences in inhaled fluticasone bioavailability between these holding chambers in children with asthma corroborate differences reported in earlier in vitro aerosol studies.
Architecting energy-efficient STT-RAM based register file on GPGPUs via delta compression (2016)

To facilitate efficient context switches, GPUs usually employ a large-capacity register file to accommodate a massive amount of context information. However, the large register file introduces high power consumption, flowing to high leakage power SRAM cells. Emerging non-volatile STT-RAM memory has recently been studied as a potential replacement to alleviate the leakage challenge when constructing register files on GPUs. Unfortunately, due to the long write latency and high energy consumption associated with write operations in STT-RAM, simply replacing SRAM with STTRAM for register files would incur non-trivial performance overhead and only bring marginal energy benefits.
Circulating Levels of MiRNAs From 320 Family in Subjects With Lipodystrophy: Disclosing Novel Signatures of the Disease (2022)

Lipodystrophy (LD) indicates a group of rare disorders, with generalized or partial loss of white adipose tissue (WAT) often associated with metabolic derangements. Heterogeneity/wide spectrum of the disease and lack of biomarkers make diagnosis often difficult. MicroRNAs are important to maintain a correct WAT function and WAT is a source of circulating miRNAs (cmiRs). miRNAs from 320 family were previously detected in the WAT and variably associated to the metabolic syndrome. Our aim was then to investigate if LD can result in altered abundance of cmiRs-320. We collected samples from a cohort of LD subjects of various subtypes and from age matched controls. Use of quantitative PCR determined that cmiRs- 320a-3p, 320b, 320c, 320e are upregulated, while 320d is downregulated in LD. CmiRs-320 power as classifiers was more powerful in the most extreme and defined forms of LD, including the generalized and the Dunnigan subtypes. cmiR-320a-3p showed significant inverse relationships with plasma leptin (P < 0.0001), typically low in LD. The hepatic enzymes gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the marker of inflammation C-reactive protein (CRP) were inversely related to cmiR 320d (P < 0.05, for CRP and GGT; P < 0.01, for AST and ALT). Gene ontology analysis revealed cell-cell adhesion as a process regulated by 320 miRNAs targets, thus disclosing a novel route to investigate origin of WAT loss/dysfunction. In conclusion, cmiRs-320 constitute novel biomarkers of LD, abundance of miR320a-3p is inversely associated to indicators related to WAT function, while downregulation of cmiR-320d predicts an altered hepatic profile and higher inflammation.
Polyfullerene Electrodes for High Power Supercapacitors (2013)

A highly capacitive fullerene polymer is prepared electrochemically and its use in a high power supercapacitor is presented. Using the fullerene polymer as a negative charge-accepting electrode and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as a positive electrode, it has an operating potential of 2.2 V and a power density that is a factor of five greater than a symmetric PEDOT supercapacitor. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Einleitung: Die Naturschilderungen in Georg Büchners Lenz — Forschungsstand, Zielsetzung und Methode (1994)

„Welche Naturschilderungen: welche Seelenmalerei!“1 Karl Gutzkows an das Ende seiner Lenz-Publikation im Telegraph für Deutschland (Januar 1839) placierte enthusiastische Würdigung der biographischen Erzählung Büchners begründet einen der konstantesten Topoi ihrer Rezeptionsgeschichte: Schon die frühen Rezensenten um die Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts glauben im Anschluß an Gutzkow den ei entlichen Wert der Erzählung außer in der „Anatomie [...] der Gemütsstörung“2 in den naturdeskriptiven Passagen und deren inneren Bezug zu den „Stimmungen“ des Protagonisten der Erzählung ausmachen zu können.3 Der bis heute ungebrochene Konsens über die exzeptionelle poetische Qualität der Naturschilderungen Büchners sah sich in seinem Urteil gewöhnlich durch das Verhältnis der Erzählung zu ihrer maßgeblichen Quelle, dem Oberlinbericht, ins Recht gesetzt. Bietet sie doch bis auf eine dürftige meteorologische Notiz bekanntlich keinerlei Material zur dichterischen Meisterleistung Büchners in den naturdeskriptiven Passagen4, scheint doch in ihnen seine genuine Zutat zu liegen. In seltsamer Diskrepanz zur allseitig bescheinigten Bedeutung und Qualität der Naturschilderungen in Büchners Lenz steht indessen die Forschungslage. Ihr eignet in mehrfacher Beziehung ein ausgesprochener Desideratcharakter. Zunächst rein quantitativ: Nicht eine einzige ausführlichere Untersuchung setzt sich mit den naturdeskriptiven Passagen auseinander; es existieren bislang lediglich zwei qualitativ krass voneinander abweichende kürzere Arbeiten in Aufsatzform sowie eine Handvoll weiterer nach Umfang, Methodik und Theorieniveau ebenfalls stark differierende Studien, die sich mit der Landschaft in Büchners Erzählung im Kontext seines Gesamtwerkes oder im Zusammenhang mit zeitgenössischen oder vorausliegenden literarischen Parallelen auseinandersetzen.5
Dynamic Energy Management of Hybrid Energy Storage System With High-Gain PV Converter (2014)

In this paper, fast acting dc-link voltage-based energy management schemes are proposed for a hybrid energy storage system fed by solar photovoltaic (PV) energy. Using the proposed control schemes, quick fluctuations of load are supplied by the supercapacitors and the average load demand is controlled by the batteries. Fast dc-link voltage, effective energy management, and reduced current stress on battery are the main features achieved from the proposed control schemes. The effectiveness of the proposed control schemes are compared with the unified cascaded control. Small-signal control gains are formulated to design the voltage and current loops of the proposed energy management schemes. Detailed stability analysis is also presented to find the boundary values of compensator gains. In addition, a high-gain PV converter is proposed for extraction of maximum power from the solar panels. High voltage gain, reduced reverse recovery of diodes, and less duty cycle operation are the key features obtained from the proposed high-gain converter. The validity of the proposed energy management schemes with high-gain converter is verified by the detailed simulation and experimental studies.
A polydopamine peptide coating enables adipose‐derived stem cell growth on the silicone surface of cochlear implant electrode arrays (2017)

The simultaneous application of neurotrophic factors with cochlear implantation is proposed to enhance the bioelectrical interface between electrodes and auditory neurons, and thus improve speech intelligibility in patients with cochlear implants (CIs). In cell-based approaches, the goal is to colonize CIs with cells producing neurotrophic factors. This study aims to evaluate whether a polydopamine (PD) functionalization of the hydrophobic silicone surface of the electrode carrier enables colonization of adipose-derived stem cells known to deliver neurotrophic factors. Surface characteristics of PD-coated silicone samples and electrode carriers were determined, and the proliferation and viability of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on these surfaces were subsequently analyzed. A homogenous PD coating and cell growth with regular morphology was observed on coated silicone samples and electrode arrays. Hydrophilicity and cell viability was significantly enhanced by PD surface modification. Insertion forces of coated electrode arrays did not increase compared with untreated CIs. Hence, PD coating of the silicone surface of CIs might allow for sufficient colonization with ASCs as a continuous source of neurotrophic factors. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomater Res Part A: 106B: 1431-1438, 2018.
Chiral microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography: Effect of cosurfactant identity on enantioselectivity, methylene selectivity, resolution, and other chromatographic figures of merit (2006)

The effect of cosurfactant identity on microemulsion size, elution range, retention factor, enantioselectivity, methylene selectivity, efficiency, and resolution in chiral microemulsion formulations was examined. The chiral surfactant dodecoxycarbonylvaline was used in conjunction with the cosurfactants 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol, cyclopentanol, and cyclohexanol. The millimolar concentration of cosurfactant was held constant regardless of identity. Ethyl acetate was incorporated as the microemulsion oil core and the buffer utilized was 50 mM phosphate at a pH of 7.0. In general, secondary alcohols improved enantioselectivities and primary alcohols had the opposite effect, with the exception of the 1-butanol. The trends observed varied slightly depending on analyte. Of the six chiral analytes tested, cyclopentanol provided the best enantioselectivity for three, 1-butanol for two compounds, and 2-pentanol for one analyte. The lowest enantioselectivities were achieved with 1-pentanol or 1-hexanol for all compounds. Methylene selectivity was found to decrease with reductions in alcohol chain length. Among equal carbon number alcohols, methylene selectivity was lower for secondary alcohols. Efficiency and resolution values varied with different cosurfactants and depended on analyte identity.
The sounds of social life: A psychometric analysis of students' daily social environments and natural conversations. (2003)

The natural conversations and social environments of 52 undergraduates were tracked across two 2-day periods separated by 4 weeks using a computerized tape recorder (the Electronically Activated Recorder [EAR]). The EAR was programmed to record 30-s snippets of ambient sounds approximately every 12 min during participants' waking hours. Students' social environments and use of language in their natural conversations were mapped in terms of base rates and temporal stability. The degree of cross-context consistency and between-speaker synchrony in language use was assessed. Students' social worlds as well as their everyday language were highly consistent across time and context. The study sheds light on a methodological blind spot--the sampling of naturalistic social information from an unobtrusive observer's perspective.
Taurine attenuates renal disease in chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy (1992)

Repeated administration of low doses of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAMN) to rats induces a proteinuric renal disease that resembles focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Reactive oxygen molecules may be involved in the progressive course of this nephropathy. Therefore we evaluated whether taurine, an endogenous antioxidant, could limit the extent of renal injury. Sprague-Dawley rats received low-dose injections of PAMN, 2 mg/100 g body wt, over a 12-wk period. Two groups were studied: 1) controls given tap water (n = 23), and 2) an experimental group that drank 1% taurine-supplemented water (n = 22). Taurine-treated nephrotic rats had a reduction in albuminuria, as assessed by the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (26 +/- 4 vs. 44 +/- 4, P less than 0.0001). After 12 wk, creatinine clearance was 0.33 +/- 0.03 (experimental) vs. 0.17 +/- 0.03 ml.min-1.100 g body wt-1 (control) (P less than 0.001), and inulin clearance (n = 6 pairs) was 0.26 +/- 0.04 (experimental) vs. 0.13 +/- 0.02 ml.min-1.100 g body wt-1 (control) (P less than 0.025). Administration of taurine reduced the percentage of segmentally sclerosed glomeruli (9.8 +/- 1.7 vs. 16.2 +/- 1.8%, P less than 0.02) and the tubulointerstitial injury score (1.36 +/- 0.19 vs. 2.61 +/- 0.25, P less than 0.0025) in experimental vs. control rats. Taurine treatment normalized the elevated renal cortical malondialdehyde level in rats with PAMN nephropathy (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)