gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Grain Size Distribution at the Bottom Region in Very Narrow Cu Interconnects (2016)

Crystal grain sizes less than 40 nm diameter, i.e., mean free path of an electron in Cu, in both the upper and bottom part of Cu interconnects with 70 nm width and 150 nm depth as a function of overburden Cu plated films with 150 nm, 300 nm and 450 nm thickness have been evaluated by X-ray diffraction method. In the upper part of the Cu interconnects, the frequency ratio of the crystal grains with less than 40 nm diameter was quite small and changed little in the Cu interconnects among overburden Cu films with different thickness. In the bottom part of the Cu interconnect, however, the frequency ratio of the crystal grain with less than 40 nm diameter was found to be very dependent on the thickness of overburden Cu films. The frequency ratio was about 20% at the overburden Cu film thickness of 150 nm, while the frequency ratio decreased to less than 2% at the overburden Cu film thickness of 450 nm. The resistivity of narrow Cu interconnects was found to increase with the increase of the frequency ratio of crystal grains less than 40 nm diameter at the bottom part of Cu interconnects.
Highly enantioselective recognition of a wide range of carboxylic acids based on enantioselectively aggregation-induced emission (2011)

A new chiral fluorescence receptor, designed to exploit aggregation-induced emission (AIE), exhibited not only an exceptionally high enantioselectivity but was also applicable to a wide range of chiral carboxylic acids. The fluorescence intensity ratio of two enantiomers ranged from 10 to 1.6 × 10(4) and could be used to determine the purity of the enantiomers.
The VLT secondary mirror: a report (1997)

This paper relates the development undertaken to produce the first unit of the European ESO VLT Secondary Mirror in Beryllium. The specification will be presented with the historical evolution of the mirror substrate material choice. Beryllium material quality will be discussed regarding the long term stability and mirror design will be presented. An optical test set-up has been specifically designed and fabricated for the mirror performance verification. Blank fabrication and polishing is reported with the key step of external edge lip cutting to achieve coincidence between mechanical diameter and clear aperture as required for I.R astronomical observations. Mirror long term stability is assessed from data gained during fabrication.
Silencing of the Gene for the α-Subunit of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin by the Embryonic Transcription Factor Oct-3/4 (1997)

CG is required for maintenance of the corpus luteum during pregnancy in higher primates. As CG is a heterodimeric molecule, some form of coordinated control must be maintained over the transcription of its two subunit genes. We recently found that expression of human CG beta-subunit (hCGbeta) in JAr human choriocarcinoma cells was almost completely silenced by the embryonic transcription factor Oct-3/4, which bound to a unique ACAATAATCA octameric sequence in the hCGbeta gene promoter. Here we report that Oct-3/4 is also a potent inhibitor of hCG alpha-subunit (hCGalpha) expression in JAr cells. Oct-3/4 reduced human GH reporter expression from the -170 hCGalpha promoter in either the presence or absence of cAMP by about 70% in transient cotransfection assays, but had no effect on expression from either the -148 hCGalpha or the -99 hCGalpha promoter. Unexpectedly, no Oct-3/ 4-binding site was identified within the -170 to -148 region of the hCGalpha promoter, although one was found around position -115 by both methylation interference footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Site-directed mutagenesis of this binding site destroyed the affinity of the promoter for Oct-3/4, but did not affect repression of the promoter. Therefore, inhibition of hCGalpha gene transcription by Oct-3/4 appears not to involve direct binding of this factor to the site responsible for silencing. When stably transfected into JAr cells, Oct-3/4 reduced the amounts of both endogenous hCGalpha mRNA and protein by 70-80%. Oct-3/4 is therefore capable of silencing both hCGalpha and hCGbeta gene expression. We suggest that as the trophoblast begins to form, reduction of Oct-3/4 expression permits the coordinated onset of transcription from the hCGalpha and hCGbeta genes.
Accelerating discovery of COFs for CO2 capture and H2 purification using structurally guided computational screening (2021)

Screening of hypothetical covalent organic framework (hypoCOF) database enables to go beyond the current synthesized structures to design high-performance materials for CO2 separation. In this work, we followed a structurally guided computational screening approach to find the most promising candidates of hypoCOF adsorbents and membranes for CO2 capture and H2 purification. Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations were used to evaluate CO2/H2 separation performance of 3184 hypoCOFs for pressure-swing adsorption (PSA) and vacuum-swing adsorption (VSA) processes. CO2/H2 adsorption selectivities and CO2 working capacities of hypoCOFs were calculated in the range of 6.13–742 (6.39–954) and 0.07–8.68 mol/kg (0.01–3.92 mol/kg), achieving higher values than those of experimentally synthesized COFs at PSA (VSA) conditions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the strength of hydrogen bonding between CO2 and the functional group of linkers is an important factor for determining the CO2 selectivity of hypoCOFs. The most predominant topologies and linker types were identified as bor and pts, linker91 (a triazine linker) and linker92 (a benzene linker) for the top-performing hypoCOF adsorbents, respectively. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of 794 hypoCOFs showed that they exceed the Robeson’s upper bound by outperforming COF, zeolite, metal organic framework (MOF), and polymer membranes due to their high H2/CO2 selectivities, 2.66–6.14, and high H2 permeabilities, 9×105–4.5×106 Barrer. Results of this work will be useful to guide the synthesis of novel materials by providing molecular-level insights into the structural features of hypothetical COFs to achieve superior CO2 separation performance.
Transclusions in an HTML-Based Environment (2006)

Transclusions are an advanced technique for the inclusion of existing content into new documents without the need to duplicate it. Although originally described in the early 1960s, transclusions have still not been made available to users and authors on the world wide web. This paper describes the prototype implementation of a system that allows users to write articles that may contain transclusions. The system offers a simple web-based interface where users can compose new articles. With a simple button the user has the ability to insert a transclusion from any HTML page available on the world wide web. While other approaches introduce new markups for the HTML specification, make use of technologies such as XML and XLink or employ authoring systems that internally support transclusions and can generate web pages as output, this implementation solely relies on the techniques provided by an HTML-based environment. Therefore HTML, Javascript, the Document Object Model, CGI scripts and HTTP are the core technologies utilised in the prototype.
Ferritin protein nanocages—the story (2012)

Ferritins are a family of large (10-12 nm diameter), self-assembled, protein cages that reversibly synthesize Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>•H<sub>2</sub>O with up to 4500 iron atoms in a central cavity, 65 or 270 nm<sup>3</sup>; the protein cages without mineral are sometimes called apoferritin. Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>•H<sub>2</sub>O synthesis depends on controlled Fe<sup>2+</sup> entry though four or eight ion channels, directed transport to multiple Fe<sup>2+</sup>/O oxidoreductase ("ferroxidase") sites and, in the case of eukaryotic ferritins, guided nucleation and extrusion through channels connecting the active sites to the mineral growth cavity; passage of the diferric oxo catalytic products through the nucleation/extrusion channels allows the eukaryotic ferritin protein cage to influence order in the bulk mineral. Ferritin Fe<sup>2+</sup>ion channels also control reduction, dissolution, and exit of Fe<sup>2+</sup> from the mineral with gated pores on the cytoplasmic surface of ferritin cages. Found in anaerobic and aerobic organisms, from archaea and bacteria to higher plants and animals, ferritins are required for life. They provide metabolic iron concentrates for protein cofactor synthesis, and antioxidant activity after stress. Current applications of ferritin nanocages include clinical measurements of trace amounts released into serum, nutritional sources of concentrated iron, nanomaterial templates, biological delivery of nanosensors, and nanocatalysts. Future applications can exploit the nucleation/ extrusion channels and other metal-protein sites in ferritins.
Transformation of diploid potato genotypes throughAgrobacteriumvectors and expression of T-DNA markers in root clones, regenerated plants and suspension cells (1991)

Stem internodes of three diploid potato genotypes (lines HH260, C and E) were transformed with binary Agrobacterium strains, containing the A. rhizogenes wild type plasmid pRi1855 together with the plasmid construct pBI121, to introduce a set of selectable and reporter marker genes (coding for hairy root phenotype, hormone autotrophy, opine synthesis, kanamycin resistance and β-glucuronidase activity). Genetic marker lines were produced at the level of root clone, plant (regenerated from root clone segments) and cell suspension culture (established from callus induced on leaf segments). Transformation frequencies and the expression of transformation marker characters were dependent on the genotype, the physiological state of the internodal explants and the Agrobacterium strain. Root clones, derived from stem internodes producing transformed roots in high numbers, generally showed a complete set of marker characters and prolific growth, in contrast to the root clones that originated from less productive stem internodes. Shoot regeneration was achieved from the genotypes HH260 and C, but not from genotype E. Loss of one or more marker characters (opine synthesis, kanamycin resistance, GUS activity) was observed in half of the regenerants, as compared to their original root clones. Cell suspension cultures showed expression of all marker characters present in the original transformed plant. The majority of the transformed marker lines, at the level of root clone, regenerated plant, or cell suspension culture, had maintained the original diploid level.
Advantageous Usage of Textual Domain-Specific Languages for Scenario-Driven Development of Automated Driving Functions (2019)

Current driving functions are continuously improved. As target vision of this development, the final state of unattended reliable navigation under all possible circumstances is defined. Besides the requirements and the test cases, the main accompanying specification artifact for the iterative development of such functions is the scenario catalog, which is usually created by hand. The included scenarios often differ in terms of the used abstraction level, the chosen natural language, and the degree of completeness depending on the current development phase. There is currently no methodology available, which allows the iterative evolution of textual scenario descriptions based on natural language and that can be used for the development of automated driving functions (ADF). As a solution approach, the methodology scenario-accompanied, text-based, iterative Evaluation of automated driving Functions (stiEF) as embedding workflow and an embedded textual domain-specific language (DSL) for scenario creation are presented. The DSL facilitates the iterative multilingual evolution of scenario descriptions and the generation of the corresponding simulation parameters and scenario sketches. For this, scenarios with different levels of detail are used as central specification artifacts. This approach avoids ambiguities in the descriptions, guides the user through their creation process, and ensures completeness. This is demonstrated by a prototypical realization.
Introduction (2016)

Abstract The introduction provides a theoretical and critical framework for this study, situating the book’s argument alongside recent critical studies of the everyday in literature. The chapter traces the evolution of the poetics of everyday life, especially the intensification of avant-garde interest in the quotidian following World War II. It argues that poetry has come to be defined as a form of attention, and it explores how gender, class, and political and cultural forces inflect the representation and experience of everyday life. Contrasting different approaches to the everyday in American poetry, the introduction identifies skeptical or experimental realism as an influential mode, which finds expression in experimental strategies and forms, including the long poem, constraint-based projects, appropriation, fragmentation, collage, resistance to epiphany, and radical mimesis.
Development of Refuse Vehicle Driving and Duty Cycles (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Research has been conducted to develop a methodology for the generation of driving and duty cycles for refuse vehicles in conjunction with a larger effort in the design of a hybrid-electric refuse vehicle. This methodology includes the definition of real-world data that was collected, as well as a data analysis procedure based on sequencing of the collected data into micro-trips and hydraulic cycles. The methodology then applies multi-variate statistical analysis techniques to the sequences for classification. Finally, driving and duty cycles are generated based on matching the statistical metrics and distributions of the generated cycles to the collected database. Simulated vehicle fuel economy for these cycles is also compared to measured values.&lt;/div&gt;
Apollo experience report: Very high frequency ranging system (1972)

The history of the Apollo very-high-frequency ranging system development program is presented from the program-planning stage through the final-test and flight-evaluation stages. Block diagrams of the equipment are presented, and a description of the theory of operation is outlined. A sample of the distribution of errors measured in the aircraft-flight test program is included. The report is concluded with guidelines or recommendations for the management of development programs having the same general constraints.
Therapeutic ultrasound for improving the tropical corneal delivery of macromolecules (2019)

The goal of this project is to facilitate the delivery of topical drugs into the cornea and anterior segment of the eye using therapeutic ultrasound which could present a promising treatment for keratoconus and other corneal diseases. Each cornea is dissected and placed in a diffusion cell. smURFP-blue, a blue fluorescent chromophore, was used as the drug. The experimental groups of corneas were treated with 1 and 0.8 W/cm2 continuous ultrasound for 5 min at frequencies of 400 kHz and 600 kHz, respectively, then left in the diffusion cell for another 55 min. Fluorescence images of the fixed corneas were obtained to determine the relative amount of smURFP-blue that remained in the tissue. Safety of ultrasound application was tested by comparing the damage in the corneal layers. Spectroscopy measurements indicated no statistical difference in the presence of the chromophore in the receiver compartment in ultrasound- and sham-treatment groups. Preliminary results showed greater fluorescent intensity in the cornea when smURFP-blue is delivered with ultrasound compared to smURFP-blue added without ultrasound. The histology studies did not show any significant damage in ultrasound-treated corneas. This work may allow for the development of an inexpensive, clinically applicable, and minimally invasive ultrasound method for corneal drug delivery.
A Qualitative Exploration of “Following the Money: An Analysis of Foundation Grantmaking for Community and Economic Development” (2017)

In September 2016, the Federal Reserve Banks of Philadelphia and Atlanta released a publication titled ?Following the Money: An Analysis of Foundation Grantmaking for Community and Economic Development.? Based on data provided by the Foundation Center that capture all grants of at least $10, 000 made by the 1, 000 largest foundations between 2008 and 2013, the analysis finds that some metro areas received a substantially greater level of philanthropic support for community and economic development (CED) than did others during this period.
Airway Inflammation and Host Responses in the Era of CFTR Modulators (2020)

The arrival of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators as a new class of treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF) in 2012 represented a pivotal advance in disease management, as these small molecules directly target the upstream underlying protein defect. Further advancements in the development and scope of these genotype-specific therapies have been transformative for an increasing number of people with CF (PWCF). Despite clear improvements in CFTR function and clinical endpoints such as lung function, body mass index (BMI), and frequency of pulmonary exacerbations, current evidence suggests that CFTR modulators do not prevent continued decline in lung function, halt disease progression, or ameliorate pathogenic organisms in those with established lung disease. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether their restorative effects extend to dysfunctional CFTR expressed in phagocytes and other immune cells, which could modulate airway inflammation. In this review, we explore the effects of CFTR modulators on airway inflammation, infection, and their influence on the impaired pulmonary host defences associated with CF lung disease. We also consider the role of inflammation-directed therapies in light of the widespread clinical use of CFTR modulators and identify key areas for future research.
Increased levels of serum hepatocyte growth factor in patients with end-stage renal disease. (2000)

Blood levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) have been found to be elevated in patients with chronic renal failure. The cause of the increase in this mitogen is unclear. We determined serum HGF levels in 34 patients on maintenance dialysis and ten healthy volunteers. Predialysis serum HGF levels were elevated in patients with end-stage renal disease as compared to control subjects (1.65 +/- 0.2 ng/mL vs 0.46 +/- 0.04 ng/mL, p<0.01). In addition, serum HGF levels were significantly higher in African-American dialysis patients compared to Caucasian patients (2.18 +/- 0.36ng/mL vs 1.18 +/- 0.12ng/mL, p<0.01). The observed differences could not be accounted for by variations in serum creatinine, serumalbumin, or blood pressure between the African-American and Caucasian patients. Serum HGF levels were elevated in patients with end-stage renal disease, and were higher in African-American than Caucasian patients, but the pathophysiology and significance of this finding remain unclear.
Exogenous TERC alone can enhance proliferative potential, telomerase activity and telomere length in lymphocytes from dyskeratosis congenita patients (2008)

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is an inherited multi-system disorder characterised by muco-cutaneous abnormalities, bone marrow failure and a predisposition to malignancy. Bone marrow failure is the principal cause of mortality and is thought to be the result of premature cell death in the haematopoietic compartment because DC cells age prematurely and tend to have short telomeres. DC is genetically heterogeneous and patients have mutations in genes that encode components of the telomerase complex (DKC1, TERC, TERT, NOP10 and NHP2), and telomere shelterin complex (TINF2), both important in telomere maintenance. Here, we transduced primary T lymphocytes and B lymphocyte lines established from patients with TERC and DKC1 mutations with wild type TERC-bearing lentiviral vectors. We found that transduction with exogenous TERC alone was capable of increasing telomerase activity in mutant T lymphocytes and B lymphocyte lines and improved the survival and thus overall growth of B-lymphocyte lines over a prolonged period, regardless of their disease mutation. Telomeres in TERC-treated lines were longer than in the untreated cultures. This is the first study of its kind in DC lymphocytes and the first to demonstrate that transduction with TERC alone can improve cell survival and telomere length without the need for exogenous TERT.
Optimal multi-block mesh generation for CFD (2017)

An assessment of various automatic block topology generation techniques for creating structured meshes has been performed in the first part of the paper. The objective is to find out optimal blocking methods for generating meshes suitable for flow simulations. The comparison has been carried out using an adjoint-based error analysis of the meshes generated by these block topologies. Different objective functions and numerical schemes have been used for this assessment. It is found that, in general, the medial axis-based approaches provide optimal blocking and yields better accuracy in computing the functional of interest. This is because the medial axis-based methods produce meshes which have better flow alignment specially in case of internal flows. In the second part of the paper, the adjoint-based error indicator has been used to adapt the block topology in the regions of large error.
Short Communication Defluidization Using High-Alkali Content Fuels in Fluidized Bed Biomass Gasifiers (2019)

A major problem however often encountered in fluidized beds is bed agglomeration, which may result in total defluidization, leading to unscheduled downtime and additional costs. This problem is found to be critical in fluidized bed combustion and gasification of biomass fuels which have high ash and alkali contents
Structural Performance: Challenges Within the Area of Tension Between Safety, Lightweight and Economics (2013)

Structural safety still plays a significant role in the development and optimization of vehicle safety. This fact is reflected by the increase of rating and mandatory requirements like the revised Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) 208 and recently introduced small overlap test protocols. Related safety measures could lead to a major conflict when it comes to weight issues with impact on fuel efficiency and costs. To resolve this challenging conflict as far as possible, targeted measures such as innovative technical solutions and intelligent development methods are required. This paper will present an innovative vehicle safety and structure concept as well as balancing measures by the example of the new Mercedes- Benz SL roadster. The SL integrates an all- aluminum body and is the first mass-production Mercedes employing this type of design. Making the entire bodyshell from aluminum reduces the weight of the cell by 24 percent. Viewed across the entire life cycle (including the manufacturing phase), the new bodyshell concept of the SL reduces CO₂ emissions by 15 percent over the predecessor model. This innovative structure concept gives rise to a lightweight occupant cell with pronounced structural rigidity for high structural performance. It facilitates a light yet stable cell compound for a highly rigid occupant cell. This concept leads for example to good results in frontal small overlap tests without any additional measures. The crash test program for the development of the bodyshell was effectively supplemented with targeted simulations based on CAE methods. Therefore existing CAE methods had to be augmented to accommodate the lightweight construction of the new SL. Among the structural safety the SL has a wide portfolio of safety measures with respect to the Mercedes Benz integrated safety concept.