gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic protocols in oncology: workup and treatment planning. Part 2: Abbreviated MR protocol. (2021)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique (non-ionizing radiation) with superior soft tissue contrasts and potential morphological and functional applications. However, long examination and interpretation times, as well as higher costs, still represent barriers to MRI use in clinical routine. Abbreviated MRI protocols have emerged as an alternative to standard MRI protocols. Abbreviated MRI protocols eliminate redundant sequences that negatively affect cost, acquisition time, patient comfort. However, the diagnostic information is generally not compromised. Abbreviated MRI protocols have already been utilized for hepatocellular carcinoma, for prostate cancer detection, and for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease screening.
From Computation to the First-Person: Auditory-Verbal Hallucinations and Delusions of Thought Interference in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Psychoses (2018)

Schizophrenia-spectrum psychoses are highly complex and heterogeneous disorders that necessitate multiple lines of scientific inquiry and levels of explanation. In recent years, both computational and phenomenological approaches to the understanding of mental illness have received much interest, and significant progress has been made in both fields. However, there has been relatively little progress bridging investigations in these seemingly disparate fields. In this conceptual review and collaborative project from the 4th Meeting of the International Consortium on Hallucination Research, we aim to facilitate the beginning of such dialogue between fields and put forward the argument that computational psychiatry and phenomenology can in fact inform each other, rather than being viewed as isolated or even incompatible approaches. We begin with an overview of phenomenological observations on the interrelationships between auditory-verbal hallucinations (AVH) and delusional thoughts in general, before moving on to review several theoretical frameworks and empirical findings in the computational modeling of AVH. We then relate the computational models to the phenomenological accounts, with a special focus on AVH and delusions that involve the senses of agency and ownership of thought (delusions of thought interference). Finally, we offer some tentative directions for future research, emphasizing the importance of a mutual understanding between separate lines of inquiry.
Isotope Effects in Gas-Phase Chemical Reactions and Photodissociation Processes (1992)

The origins of isotope effects in equilibrium and non-equilibrium chemical processes are reviewed. In non-equilibrium processes, attention is given to isotope effects in simple bimolecular reactions, termolecular and complex forming bimolecular reactions, symmetry-related reactions, and photodissociation processes. Recent examples of isotope effects in these areas are reviewed. Some indication of other scientific areas for which measurements and/or calculations of isotope effects are used is also given. Examples presented focus on neutral molecule chemistry and in many cases complement examples considered in greater detail in the other chapters of this volume.
The Synthesis of Carbohydrate Microarrays by S-Alkylation of the Glass-supported 2-Bromoacetamides (2008)

Abstract S-alkylation reaction of a thiol group on a carbohydrate probe with 2-bromoacetamide-coated glass slide as a loading reaction was developed under physiological conditions, and the synthesis of carbohydrate microarrays using the immobilization reaction was achieved.
The influence of oxidation rate and heat treatment on the Si surface potential in the Si-SiO2system (1966)

Thermal oxidation of silicon results in a nonuniform distribution of defects in the oxide and in a Si-SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> interface characterized by a certain disorder. The Si surface potential is determined by the defect structure of the oxide and phase boundary. High temperature postoxidation treatment leads to a redistribution of the oxide defects and rearrangement of the interface. To study these effects, p- and n-type Si was oxidized in dry oxygen at 1145°C. The oxidation was followed by a heat treatment in a dry helium atmosphere at the oxidation temperature for various periods of time (2 minutes to 65 hours). The density of the charged oxide and interface states was determined by MOS capacitance measurements. It was found that the density of the donor states decreases logarithmically with the annealing time. Since such a behavior is typical of adsorption phenomena that are associated with modifications of the surface structure, we attribute this change to a rearrangement of the phase boundary. Further evidence for this is the fact that the density of donor states for quenched samples increases with the oxidation rate within the regime of parabolic growth, n-type specimens also exhibited donor states but their distribution was different from that for p-type units. In the presence of slight traces of water vapor, redistribution of hydroxyls can become the predominant mechanism, especially for longer annealing times.
Wireless on Networks-on-Chip (2013)

On-chip wireless interconnects are being investigated for applicability on network-on-chip systems of contemporary Multiprocessor Systems-on-chip (MPSoCs). Targeting both 2D and 3D semiconductor technologies, wireless interconnects are established with multiple antennas on the same die or couplers on the layers of a 3D IC package. The wireless interconnects are typically considered as a hierarchical layer or a supplementary network utilized in a hybrid implementation with the traditional wire-based interconnects of the common network-on-chip implementations.
Robotic process automation: mature capabilities in the energy sector (2015)

The academic researchers at the Outsourcing Unit (OU) aim to assess the current and long-term effects of business services automation on client organizations.While using software to automate work is not a new idea, recent interest in service automation has certainly escalated with the introduction of new technologies including Robotic Process Automation (RPA) and Cognitive Intelligence (CI) tools.Many potential adopters of the new types of service automation tools remain skeptical about the claims surrounding its promised business value.Potential adopters need exposure to actual and realistic client adoption stories.Academic researchers can help educate potential adopters by objectively researching actual RPA and CI implementations in client firms, by assessing what the software can and cannot yet do, and by extracting lessons on realizing its value.
Precipitation of calcium–alumino–silicate–hydrate gels: The role of the internal stress (2020)

Concrete gains its strength from the precipitation of a calcium-alumino-silicate-hydrate (C-A-S-H) colloidal gel, which acts as its binding phase. However, despite concrete's ubiquity in the building environment, the atomic-scale mechanism of C-A-S-H precipitation is still unclear. Here, we use reactive molecular dynamics simulations to model the early-age precipitation of a C-A-S-H gel. We find that, upon gelation, silicate and aluminate precursors condensate and polymerize to form an aluminosilicate gel network. Notably, we demonstrate that the gelation reaction is driven by the existence of a mismatch of atomic-level internal stress between Si and Al polytopes, which are initially experiencing some local tension and compression, respectively. The polymerization of Si and Al polytopes enables the release of these competitive stresses.
Characterization of non-dialyzable constituents from cranberry juice that inhibit adhesion, co-aggregation and biofilm formation by oral bacteria (2017)

An extract prepared from cranberry juice by dialysis known as nondialyzable material (NDM) has been shown previously to possess anti-adhesion activity toward microbial species including oral bacteria, uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori. Bioassay-guided fractionation of cranberry NDM was therefore undertaken to identify the anti-adhesive constituents. An aqueous acetone-soluble fraction (NDMac) obtained from Sephadex LH-20 inhibited adhesion-linked activities by oral bacteria, including co-aggregation of oral bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum with Streptococcus sanguinis or Porphyromonas gingivalis, and biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. Analysis of NDMac and subsequent subfractions by MALDI-TOF MS and <sup>1</sup>H NMR revealed the presence of A-type proanthocyanidin oligomers (PACs) of 3-6 degrees of polymerization composed of (epi)catechin units, with some (epi)gallocatechin and anthocyanin units also present, as well as quercetin derivatives. Subfractions containing putative xyloglucans in addition to the mixed polyphenols also inhibit biofilm formation by S. mutans (MIC = 125-250 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>). These studies suggest that the anti-adhesion activities of cranberry NDM on oral bacteria may arise from a combination of mixed polyphenol and non-polyphenol constituents.
Greater functional diversity and redundancy of coral endolithic microbiomes align with lower coral bleaching susceptibility (2022)

Abstract The skeleton of reef-building coral harbors diverse microbial communities that could compensate for metabolic deficiencies caused by the loss of algal endosymbionts, i.e., coral bleaching. However, it is unknown to what extent endolith taxonomic diversity and functional potential might contribute to thermal resilience. Here we exposed Goniastrea edwardsi and Porites lutea, two common reef-building corals from the central Red Sea to a 17-day long heat stress. Using hyperspectral imaging, marker gene/metagenomic sequencing, and NanoSIMS, we characterized their endolithic microbiomes together with 15N and 13C assimilation of two skeletal compartments: the endolithic band directly below the coral tissue and the deep skeleton. The bleaching-resistant G. edwardsi was associated with endolithic microbiomes of greater functional diversity and redundancy that exhibited lower N and C assimilation than endoliths in the bleaching-sensitive P. lutea. We propose that the lower endolithic primary productivity in G. edwardsi can be attributed to the dominance of chemolithotrophs. Lower primary production within the skeleton may prevent unbalanced nutrient fluxes to coral tissues under heat stress, thereby preserving nutrient-limiting conditions characteristic of a stable coral-algal symbiosis. Our findings link coral endolithic microbiome structure and function to bleaching susceptibility, providing new avenues for understanding and eventually mitigating reef loss.
3Cat-1 project: a multi-payload CubeSat for scientific experiments and technology demonstrators (2017)

This article introduces 3Cat-1, the first project of the Technical University of Catalonia to build and launch a nano-satellite. Its main scope is to develop, construct, assemble, test and launch into a low Earth orbit a CubeSat with seven different payloads (mono-atomic oxygen detector, graphene field-effect transistor, self-powered beacon, Geiger radiation counter, wireless power transfer (WPT), new topology solar cells and WPT experiment), all fitted in a single-unit CubeSat. On one hand, this is mainly an educational project in which the development of some of the subsystems is carried out by undergraduate and postgraduate students. The satellite demonstrates its capabilities as a cost-effective platform to perform small scientific experiments and to demonstrate some of the new technologies that it incorporates.
Poly(amido‐amine)s Carrying Primary Amino Groups as Side Substituents (2003)

Abstract Poly(amido‐amine)s carrying primary amino groups as side substituents have been obtained by polyaddition of N ‐triphenylmethyl‐monosubstituted 1,2‐diaminoethane (TPHMAE) to 2,2‐bisacrylamido acetic acid or 1,4‐bisacryloylpiperazine and subsequent removal of the protecting triphenylmethyl group by treating the resultant polymers with aqueous hydrochloric acid. Soluble polymers can be also obtained directly by the polyaddition of monoprotonated 1,2‐diaminoethane to 2,2‐bisacrylamido acetic acid in the presence of a limited amount of added acetic or hydrochloric acid. The resultant polymers are of a higher molecular weight than the corresponding ones prepared from TPHMAE. By adding a limited amount of N ‐triphenylmethyl‐monosubstituted 1,2‐diaminoethane to the monomer mixtures leading to poly(amido‐amine)s with a recognised potential as nonviral vectors, such as ISA 23 and ISA 1, a controlled number of pendant primary amino groups have been introduced. By this procedure, ISA 23 and ISA 1 become suitable as polymer carriers for carboxylated drugs as well as amenable to the labelling techniques by fluorescent probes commonly employed for proteins. Formation of monoprotected primary diamines. magnified image Formation of monoprotected primary diamines.
Introduction to Synthetic Methods in Step‐Growth Polymers (2003)

This chapter opens with an historical perspective of step-growth polymers. We then present a few general but important parameters of step-growth polymerization. References are provided throughout the chapter for further information.
Capillary perfusion of the rat brain cortex. An in vivo confocal microscopy study. (1994)

Confocal laser-scanning microscopy was used to visualize subsurface cerebral microvessels labeled with intravascular fluorescein in a closed cranial window model of the anesthetized rat. In noninvasive optical sections up to 250 microns beneath the brain surface, plasma perfusion and blood cell perfusion of individual capillaries were studied. Under resting conditions, in all cerebral capillaries the presence of plasma flow as demonstrated by the appearance of an intravenously injected fluorescent tracer within 20 seconds after injection. Plasma flow was verified even in capillaries that contained stationary erythrocytes or leukocytes; 91.1% of the capillaries contained flowing blood cells, 5.2% contained stationary blood cells, and no blood cells were seen in 3.6%. Mean blood cell velocity was 498.3 +/- 443.9 microns/s, and the mean blood cell supply rate was 35.75 +/- 28.01 cells per second. When capillaries were continuously observed for 1 minute, "on" and "off" periods of blood cell flow were noted. During hypercapnia (increase of PCO2 from 33.25 to 50.26 mm Hg), mean blood cell flux increased from 38.6 +/- 17.2 to 55.5 +/- 12.2 per second (P < .005, paired t test of mean values in six animals), and blood cell velocity increased from 519.5 +/- 254.8 to 828.5 +/- 460.8 microns/s (P = .074, paired t test of mean values in six animals). Homogeneity of blood cell flux increased as indicated by the coefficient of variation decreasing from 44.6% to 22.0%, and the portion of poorly perfused capillaries (blood cell flux, < 40 per second) decreased from 59.2% to 22.4%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
P68 RNA Helicase (DDX5) Alters Activity of Cis- and Trans-Acting Factors of the Alternative Splicing of H-Ras (2008)

Taken together, p68 is shown to be an essential player in the regulation of H-Ras expression as well as in a vital transduction signal pathway tied to cell proliferation and many cancer processes.
Processing of Natural Sounds: Characterization of Multipeak Spectral Tuning in Human Auditory Cortex (2013)

We examine the mechanisms by which the human auditory cortex processes the frequency content of natural sounds. Through mathematical modeling of ultra-high field (7 T) functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to natural sounds, we derive frequency-tuning curves of cortical neuronal populations. With a data-driven analysis, we divide the auditory cortex into five spatially distributed clusters, each characterized by a spectral tuning profile. Beyond neuronal populations with simple single-peaked spectral tuning (grouped into two clusters), we observe that ∼60% of auditory populations are sensitive to multiple frequency bands. Specifically, we observe sensitivity to multiple frequency bands (1) at exactly one octave distance from each other, (2) at multiple harmonically related frequency intervals, and (3) with no apparent relationship to each other. We propose that beyond the well known cortical tonotopic organization, multipeaked spectral tuning amplifies selected combinations of frequency bands. Such selective amplification might serve to detect behaviorally relevant and complex sound features, aid in segregating auditory scenes, and explain prominent perceptual phenomena such as octave invariance.
Yeast-expressed recombinant As16 protects mice against Ascaris suum infection through induction of a Th2-skewed immune response (2017)

Yeast-expressed rAs16 formulated with ISA720 or alum induced significant protection in mice against A. suum egg challenge that associates with a Th2-skewed immune response, suggesting that rAS16 could be a feasible vaccine candidate against ascariasis.
Membrane buried-heterostructure DFB laser with an optically coupled III-V/Si waveguide (2019)

We have developed a membrane buried-heterostructure (BH) distributed feedback (DFB) laser consisting of an optically coupled III-V/Si waveguide and SiN surface grating. A 230-nm-thick membrane III-V layer enables us to construct an optical supermode in a 220-nm-thick Si waveguide and control the optical confinement factor in both the III-V and Si layers by changing Si waveguide width. This makes it possible to use a conventional Si photonics platform because the Si waveguides widely used on it are around 220-nm thick. To fabricate the BH-the key component for constructing a membrane laser with a lateral current-injection structure-we used direct wafer bonding and regrowth by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Light output from the DFB laser is transferred to the Si waveguide through a short inverse-taper InP waveguide. A fiber-chip interface constructed by using inverse-taper Si waveguides and SiOx waveguides provides 2-dB fiber coupling loss. Fiber coupling power of 7.9 mW is obtained with a λ/4-shifted DFB laser with a 500-µm-long cavity. Single-mode lasing with a side-mode suppression ratio of 50 dB and lasing up to 120°C are also demonstrated.
Regioselective synthesis of new pyrimidine derivatives using organolithium reagents (2006)

2,4-Dichloro-6-phenylpyrimidine (3) and 2-chloro-4-(1′,3′-dithian-2′-yl)pyrimidine (7) were prepared using organolithium reagents. Nucleophilic attack on pyrimidines 1, 3 and 9 using N-methylpiperazine was shown to be highly regioselective, favouring the formation of C-4 substituted products. Reaction of 7 with N,N-dimethylethylenediamine afforded 8 exclusively.
Selective Intraportal Transplantation of DiI-marked Isolated Rat Hepatocytes (1997)

Transplantation of isolated hepatocytes is a promising alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation in experimental animal models with acute hepatic failure and hereditary enzyme defects. Conventional light microscopy identification of hepatocytes within recipient livers has been limited due to the inability to distinguish between donor and recipient liver cells. In this study, we labeled hepatocytes intracellularly with the fluorescent dye DiI-18 prior to selective intraportal or intrasplenic transplantation. Syngeneic LEW rat hepatocytes were isolated and 2 × 10 7 fluorescence-labeled cells were transplanted by intraportal infusion selectively into 2/3 of the recipient liver lobules to avoid lethal portal hypertension. Rats were sacrificed on postop days 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 40. Histological examination was performed using light and fluorescence microscopy counterstained by light green dye. The quantity of transplanted hepatocytes residing within the recipient liver was determined by FACS analysis after enzymatic digestion of the recipient liver lobules. Engrafted hepatocytes were identified in the periportal regions of transplanted liver lobules. The stained hepatocytes were retrieved up to 20 days postop using fluorescent microscopy. Using FACS analysis the number of labeled hepatocytes was found to diminish over time following transplantation from 2.1% on postop day 1 to 0.5% on day 10. Labeled hepatocytes transplanted into the spleen were retrieved in clusters up to 20 days postop (the last day of observation). Furthermore, the migration of labeled hepatocytes from spleen to liver parenchyma was observed following intrasplenic transplantation. However, after selective intraportal transplantation, only fluorescent debris was found in splenic and pulmonary tissue upon examination of various organs. This article describes the method of fluorescent labeling of rat hepatocytes and reports the feasibility and limitations of using DiI-18 as a marker.
Ultrasound examination of pathological cervical lymph nodes in patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease (1994)

The choice of treatment of malignant lymphoma may vary considerably and is mainly determined by the pathology and clinical stage. Ultrasonography is currently one of the most sensitive techniques for evaluation of the cervical area. We set out to assess the value of ultrasound imaging when added to conventional staging (physical examination, laryngoscopy, computer tomography of thorax and abdomen, bone marrow cytology and histology) of malignant lymphoma in 47 patients with untreated lymphoma. Hodgkin's disease was present in 14 patients and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 33 individuals. The ultrasound results were independently compared with physical examination of the neck. Ultrasonography revealed additional pathological lymph nodes in 6/47 cases (13%). Furthermore, the diagnosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma could be established in one patient merely as a result of ultrasonography. Ultrasonography of the neck may reveal more pathological lymph nodes in a significant number of patients and may be of value in the initial staging of patients with malignant lymphoma.
Management of varicella zoster virus retinitis in AIDS (1997)

This study represents the second largest series, the longest follow up, and the first analysis of visual outcomes based on medical therapy for AIDS patients with VZVR. Aggressive medical treatment with appropriate systemic antivirals may improve long term visual outcome in patients with VZVR. Acyclovir appears to be relatively ineffective in treating this disease.
IL-21 as a therapeutic target in inflammatory disorders (2014)

We here review the available data on the role of IL-21 in chronic inflammatory diseases and discuss the therapeutic benefit of IL-21 inhibitors in such diseases as well as the potential risks of such treatments.
APPROACH USING APATITE TO STUDIES ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (2007)

New findings obtained in our laboratory from the employment of various hydroxyapatites as heterogeneous catalysts and immobilization reagents of aqueous heavy metal cations are reviewed in the present article. Catalytic active cite on hydroxyapatite for the oxidation of alkanes and the possibility of the recycle-use of calcium hydroxyapatite for the removal-regeneration of aqueous heavy metal cations are suggested.