gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Didactique des langues : une discipline complexe. (2015)

Outre la difficulte a la maitriser, c'est-a-dire a la comprendre et a la mettre en oeuvre, nous pouvons entendre par « discipline complexe » le fait qu'un nombre important d'elements, de concepts , ou de facteurs, de matieres, d'objets ou de sujets d'etude la caracterise. Nous pouvons egale-ment supposer que cette complexite n'est pas seulement quantitative et qu'elle est subordonnee aux variations, aux interactions dans des contextes, identifies ou non, des elements qui caracterisent cette discipline. S'agissant de la didactique des langues, le nombre de langues connues mais egale-ment les evolutions, les variations auxquelles elles sont ou ont ete sujettes suffirait donc a dire de cette science qu'elle a toujours ete une discipline complexe. Il semble toutefois qu'une approche quantitative et structurelle ne satisfasse pas toujours a qualifier ou expliquer ce qui tient vraiment de la complexite. Parfois meme, une telle approche peut nous conduire a tenir pour complexe une chose qui ne l'est pas. Ainsi le sable constitue d'un tres grand nombre de grains a la composition variable n'en n'est pas moins un materiau simple. Sur le sujet central qui nous preoccupe il faut donc sinon admettre que la didactique des langues n'a pas toujours ete une discipline complexe, du moins identifier les facteurs qui contribuent a la rendre plus complexe qu'elle ne l'etait a l'origine. La typologie aujourd'hui admise qui vise a caracteriser une langue comme pouvant etre maternelle, etrangere, ethnique, lingua franca, classique ou artificielle, constitue un element de reponse a une evolution que nous qualifierons de rapide du contexte mondial. Cette classification semble egalement constituer un element de reponse aux avancees scientifiques dans des disciplines transversales ou connexes telles que les sciences cognitives ou de l'education. Ce n'est pas tant finalement cette typologie que le contexte politique, social ou scientifique qui l'a faite emerger qui contribue a faire de la didactique des langues une discipline complexe. Si nous considerons en outre que pour chacune des langues connues, comme le japonais, le francais ou le russe par exemple, il y a autant de facons de la transmettre et de l'acquerir qu'il y a d'interpretations differentes d'une langue, alors les possibilites de la didactique tendent vers l'infini, car il est vraisemblable que la typologie a laquelle nous faisons reference n'est pas figee. Comme il est vraisemblable que les approches et les methodes qui en decoulent ne le sont pas non plus.
Microfluorimetric analysis of a purinergic receptor (P2X7) in GH4C1 rat pituitary cells: effects of a bioactive substance produced by Pfiesteria piscicida. (2001)

Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger & Burkholder is a toxic dinoflagellate that leads to fish and human toxicity. It produces a bioactive substance that leads to cytotoxicity of GH4C1 rat pituitary cells. Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) acting on P2X7 purinergic receptors induces the formation of a nonselective cation channel, causing elevation of the cytosolic free calcium followed by a characteristic permeabilization of the cell to progressively larger ions and subsequent cell lysis. We investigated whether GH4C1 rat pituitary cells express functional P2X7 receptors, and if so, are they activated by a bioactive substance isolated from toxic P. piscicida cultures. We tested the selective agonist 2'-3'-O-(benzoyl-4-benzoyl)-ATP (BzATP) and antagonists piridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2'-4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS) and oxidized-ATP (oxATP) using elevated cytosolic free calcium in Fura-2 loaded cells, and induced permeability of these cells to the fluorescent dye YO-PRO-1 as end points. We demonstrated that in GH4C1 cells, BzATP induces both the elevation of cytosolic free calcium and the permeabilization of the cell membrane. ATP-induced membrane permeabilization was inhibited by PPADS reversibly and by oxATP irreversibly. The putative Pfiesteria toxin (pPfTx) also elevated cytosolic free calcium in Fura-2 in GH4C1 cells and increased the permeability to YO-PRO-1 in a manner inhibited fully by oxATP. This study indicates that GH4C1 cells express a purinoceptor with characteristics consistent with the P2X7 subtype, and that pPfTx mimics the kinetics of cell permeabilization by ATP.
Reporting of tobacco use and tobacco-related analyses in cancer cooperative group clinical trials: a systematic scoping review (2022)

Few cancer cooperative group clinical trials report and analyze trial participants' tobacco use. Significant heterogeneity exists in reporting tobacco use. Routine standardized collection and reporting of tobacco use at baseline and follow-up in clinical trials should be implemented to enable investigators to evaluate the impact of tobacco use on new cancer therapies.
Factor affecting happiness among nursing students in South Korea (2016)

Introduction Happiness is very important in the training and development of nursing students as future nurses. However, nursing students experience a high level of stress and low level of happiness in South Korea. Aim This study aimed to investigate factors that affect happiness among nursing students in South Korea. Method Data were collected from a total of 241 nursing enrolled in two 4-year baccalaureate nursing programmes in South Korea, using a self-administrated questionnaire. To identify predictors of happiness, stepwise regression analysis was conducted. Results The results indicated that grateful disposition and support from intimate people significantly predict happiness among Korean nursing students. These two factors accounted for 38.0% of the variance in happiness. Discussion This study indicated grateful disposition and support from intimate people as factors promoting happiness in nursing students. The findings highlight grateful disposition and support from intimate people as important factors when developing effective interventions that foster nursing students' happiness.
Exposure to Mebendazole and Pyrvinium during Pregnancy: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study (2012)

4715 pregnant women redeemed a prescription for either mebendazole or pyrvinium. We believe the exposure to be even higher since pyrvinium is also sold over-the-counter. Limited information on birth outcomes is available at present time, and considering the number of exposed pregnancies, we recommend that studies are to be undertaken to assess the safety of pyrvinium and mebendazole during pregnancy.
Multiple Enzymatic Digestion for Enhanced Sequence Coverage of Proteins in Complex Proteomic Mixtures Using Capillary LC with Ion Trap MS/MS (2002)

This study uses multiple enzyme digests to increase the sequence coverage of proteins identified by the shotgun sequencing approach to proteomic analysis. The enzymes used were trypsin, Lys-C, and Asp-N, which cleave at arginine and lysine residues, lysine, and aspartic acid residues, respectively. This approach was evaluated with the glycoprotein, tissue plasminogen activator, t-PA and gave enhanced sequence coverage, compared with a single enzymatic digest. The approach was then evaluated with a complex proteomic sample, namely plasma. It was found that trypsin and Lys-C were able to detect overlapping but distinct sets of proteins and a digital recombination of the data gave a significant increase in both the number of protein identifications as well as an increase in the number of peptides identified per protein (which improves the certainty of the assignment).
Rescue of obesity‐induced infertility in female mice due to an ovarian theca cell‐specific knockout of the insulin receptor (2012)

Women with Type 2DM or PCOS present with elevated LH and androgen levels, anovulation and insulin resistance in metabolic tissues. The aims of these studies were two‐fold; first, to determine whether insulin signaling in the ovary played a role in the development or function of reproductive function, and secondly, to explore whether the ovary is also a target for the pathophysiologic affects of high insulin in obesity. We disrupt the IR gene specifically in the theca cells of the ovaries (ThIRKO mouse). No changes in reproductive development or function were observed in lean ThIRKO female mice suggesting that insulin signaling in the theca cell is not essential for reproduction. To explore the effect of insulin signaling in the ovary in obesity we made mice obese (DIO). As expected, there was a significantly higher fasted glucose and body mass in WT and ThIRKO DIO mice compared to WT and ThIRKO lean mice. DIO WT mice were infertile and experienced increased circulating testosterone levels. By contrast, ThIRKO mice exhibited improved estrous cyclicity and fertility with comparable testosterone level as lean mice. These results confirm that the ovary is a target of the high levels of insulin in obesity. It highlights an important role for insulin signaling in the ovary in the development of infertility in DIO and that the reproductive axis maintains insulin sensitivity even in the setting of peripheral insulin resistance.
Particle Displacement And Velocity Measurement Using Holography (1984)

A method of measuring particle displacements and velocities in the optical Fourier transform plane of an in-line far-field hologram is examined. The Fourier transform of a doubly exposed hologram is calculated, and it is shown that each particle pair related by translation contributes a set of cosine fringes to the total diffraction pattern. The fringe frequency and orientation are related to the magnitude and direc-tion of a given particle's displacement or velocity. The intensity in the optical transform plane is detected with a TV camera whose output is digitized and then linked to a computer for analysis. Particle velocities in one and two dimensions are measured, and experimental results are presented. Also, resolution limits are established by evaluating the minimum detectable difference in particle displacement.
Gold Nanorods-Based Theranostics for Simultaneous Fluorescence/Two-Photon Luminescence Imaging and Synergistic Phototherapies (2016)

Gold nanorods (GNRs) have shown great potential applications in cancer theranostics due to the unique phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance, which leads to strong electric fields on the surface and consequently enhances the absorption and scattering in the near-infrared (NIR) region. Indocyanine green (ICG), an amphipathic dye, is not only an excellent NIR imaging agent but also an ideal light absorber for laser-mediated photodynamic and photothermal therapy. In this study, in order to integrate the merits of GNRs and ICG in biomedical applications, we developed ICG conjugated silica-coated GNRs (GNR@SiO 2 -ICG) for cancer imaging and phototherapy. The covalent coupling strategy reduces the probability of leakage/desorption during the delivery. The as-prepared GNR@SiO 2 -ICG could serve as efficient probes to simultaneously enhance fluorescence (FL) imaging and two-photon luminescence (TPL) imaging. In vitro experiments indicated that A375 cells could be killed through synergistic phototherapies effect of GNRs and ICG using single wavelength continuous-wave laser irradiation. Our results indicated that the synthesized GNR@SiO 2 -ICG are effective for simultaneously enhancing FL/TPL imaging and synergistic phototherapies.
CONDITIONING SEQUENCE FOR VERNONIA GALAMENSIS SEED (1991)

ABSTRACT A conditioning sequence for Vernonia galamensis seed is described. A brushtype debearder and an air-screen machine were tested. Two modes of debearder operation are described along with the operating parameters of the air-screen machine. Initial and final purity level, seed loss and change in germination as a result of conditioning are given. The seed fractions from all machine conditioned lots averaged 98.6% pure seed with a 91.3% germination level. A minimum rate for conditioning vernonia seed was established. KEYWORDS. Vemonia, Conditioning sequence.
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF GROUND CORN AND DDGS FROM DRY GRIND PROCESSING (2005)

Ethanol production has increased in the past decade as a result of growth in the dry grind industry. In the dry grindprocess, the first step is grinding of corn. The particle size of the resulting ground corn can affect the fermentation processand the particle size of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), a coproduct of dry grind processing. Few data are availablethat characterize particle size distributions of ground corn or DDGS. The objective was to determine particle size distributionsof ground corn and DDGS. Samples of ground corn and DDGS were obtained from nine dry grind plants; particlesize distribution, geometric mean diameter (dgw) and geometric standard deviation (Sgw) were determined. The dgw of groundcorn and of DDGS were not different among processing plants. The overall mean dgw of ground corn was not different fromthat of DDGS. Most of the ground corn (80 g/100 g) and DDGS (70 g/100 g) were recovered in the three largest particle sizecategories. The particle size distributions of ground corn were not correlated (r < 0.35) to particle size distributions of DDGS.
Etudes biochimiques et physiologiques d'une « heat shock protein » de faible poids moléculaire d'une bactérie lactique (2000)

Oenococcus oeni est la bacterie lactique principalement responsable de la fermentation malolactique des vins. La synthese d'une proteine de 18 kDa Lo18, appartenant a la famille des « small heat shock proteins » (smHSPs), est fortement induite par de multiples stress et durant la phase stationnaire de croissance. Des fractionnements cellulaires suivis d' « immunoblots » avec des anticorps diriges contre Lo18 ont montre qu'une fraction de la proteine est associee a la membrane cytoplasmique de O. oeni par des liaisons faibles de type proteine-proteine. Par ailleurs, des gradients d'acrylamide en conditions non denaturantes ont montre que la forme native de Lo18 s'organise en une structure multimerique d'au moins trois sous-unites. Lo18 a ete purifiee par un systeme de fusion traductionnelle. L'obtention de Lo18 pure nous a permis de mettre en evidence son activite de chaperon in vitro, qui se caracterise par une diminution de l'agregation thermique de la citrate synthase a 45 °C.
A Maximum Likelihood Approach For Selecting Sets of Alternatives (2018)

We consider the problem of selecting a subset of alternatives given noisy evaluations of the relative strength of different alternatives. We wish to select a k-subset (for a given k) that provides a maximum likelihood estimate for one of several objectives, e.g., containing the strongest alternative. Although this problem is N P-hard, we show that when the noise level is sufficiently high, intuitive methods provide the optimal solution. We thus generalize classical results about singling out one alternative and identifying the hidden ranking of alternatives by strength. Extensive experiments show that our methods perform well in practical settings.
A survey of naming and routing in information-centric networks (2012)

The concept of information-centric networking (ICN) defines a new communication model that focuses on what is being exchanged rather than which network entities are exchanging information. From the ICN perspective, contents are first class network citizens instead of hosts. ICN's primary objective is to shift the current host-oriented communication model toward a content-centric model for effective distribution of content over the network. In recent years this paradigm shift has generated much interest in the research community and sprung several research projects around the globe to investigate and advance this stream of thought. Content naming and content-based routing are core research challenges in this research community. In this survey, we analyze, compare, and contrast the naming and routing mechanisms proposed by some of the most prominent ICN research projects.
Computer optimization of dry and wet/dry cooling tower systems for large fossil and nuclear power plants (1979)

Originally issued as the author's thesis (M.S.), M.I.T., Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1978.
Sparse 3-D NoCs with Inductive Coupling (2019)

Wireless interconnects based on inductive coupling technology are compelling propositions for designing 3-D integrated chips. This work addresses the heat dissipation problem on such systems. Although effective cooling technologies have been proposed for systems designed based on Through Silicon Via (TSV), their application to systems that use inductive coupling is problematic because of increased wireless-communication distance. For this reason, we propose two methods for designing sparse 3-D chips layouts and Networks on Chip (NoCs) based on inductive coupling. The first method computes an optimized 3-D chip layout and then generates a randomized network topology for this layout. The second method uses a standard stack chip layout with a standard network topology as a starting point, and then deterministically transforms it into either a "staircase" or a "checkerboard" layout. We quantitatively compare the designs produced by these two methods in terms of network and application performance. Our main finding is that the first method produces designs that ultimately lead to higher parallel application performance, as demonstrated for nine OpenMP applications in the NAS Parallel Benchmarks.
Imide Condensation as a Strategy for the Synthesis of Core‐Diversified G‐Quadruplex Ligands with Anticancer and Antiparasitic Activity** (2021)

A facile imide coupling strategy for the one-step preparation of G-quadruplex ligands with varied core chemistries is described. The G-quadruplex stabilization of a library of nine compounds was examined using FRET melting experiments, and CD, UV-Vis, fluorescence and NMR titrations, identifying several compounds that were capable of stabilizing G-quadruplex DNA with interesting selectivity profiles. The best G4 ligand was identified as compound 3, which was based on a perylene scaffold and exhibited 40-fold selectivity for a telomeric G-quadruplex over duplex DNA. Surprisingly, a tetra-substituted flexible core, compound 11, also exhibited selective stabilization of G4 DNA over duplex DNA. The anticancer and antiparasitic activity of the library was also examined, with the lead compound 3 exhibiting nanomolar inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei with 78-fold selectivity over MRC5 cells. The cellular localization of this compound was also studied via fluorescence microscopy. We found that uptake was time dependant, with localization outside the nucleus and kinetoplast that could be due to strong fluorescence quenching in the presence of small amounts of DNA.
Investigation of the performance of antiscatter grids: Monte Carlo simulation studies (1982)

Monte Carlo methods have been applied to the study of the performance of antiscatter grids in radiography. Photon histories for imaging with a 20 cm thick water phantom irradiated with an 80 kV x-ray spectrum were generated by Monte Carlo simulation. The scattering and absorption of the photons transmitted from the phantom were traced in the grid. Grids were evaluated with strip densities ranging from 10 to 67 lines/cm, grid ratios from 6 to 15, and lead-to-interspace ratios from 1/9 to 1/2. The contrast improvement factor and the Bucky factor were used as the benefit and cost indicators, respectively, for evaluation of the grids. The dependence of these factors on the grid ratio, lead-to-interspace ratio, strip density, lead content, and interspace material was investigated. The results indicate that high-strip-density grids with thin lead strips and high grid ratios can provide higher contrast improvement factors than are achieved with low-strip-density grids, without an increase in patient exposure. This theoretical approach is useful for the prediction and development of optimal antiscatter grids for radiographic procedures.
Muscle hypertrophy in resistance training assessed with Diffusion Tensor Imaging (2023)

5 healthy subjects consistently performed a declined squad training routine for 3 months. Every subject received an MRI scan before undergoing the training and subsequently every month until the end of the training. We observed a decrease in AD, MD and FA over the course of training, with a significant change after 1 month. Muscle volume increased, with changes only apparent at 3 months. Changes in diffusion parameters were predictive of changes in global volume. Our study shows that DTI can be a sensitive tool to study muscle hypertrophy and could be used for early monitoring of training and rehabilitation.
Course of Sodium Iodate–Induced Retinal Degeneration in Albino and Pigmented Mice (2017)

A single IP injection of 50 mg/kg SI leads to severe RPE injury followed by vision impairment, dysfunction, and loss of photoreceptors in both BALB/c and C57Bl/6J mice. This easily induced and reproducible noninherited model may serve as a useful tool for seeking and evaluating novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of retinal degenerations caused by primary failure of the RPE.
An Arabidopsis Gene Encoding a Ca2+-Binding Protein is Induced by Abscisic Acid during Dehydration (2000)

An Arabidopsis thaliana RD20 cDNA, which was isolated as one of drought-inducible genes, encodes a putative protein with a conserved EF-hand Ca2+-binding domain. The recombinant RD20 protein was shown to bind Ca2+. The transcription of RD20 gene was induced not only by drought but also by ABA and high salinity.
Simplified Modeling of Turbidite Channel Reservoirs (2008)

Abstract Effective properties can represent fine-scale geologic heterogeneities in simple full-field reservoir models without having to explicitly model them. A comprehensive simulation study tests the sensitivity of dynamic connectivity in turbidite channel reservoirs to a large number of stratigraphic and engineering parameters. Simulations performed using geologically realistic sector models at multiple levels of stratigraphic resolution show that dynamic connectivity is governed by large-scale architectural parameters such as meander belt size, net-to-gross, and degree of depositional storey amalgamation; and stratigraphic parameters that describe the shale architecture at multiple scales, e.g. shale drape coverage and frequency of occurrence. We demonstrate how to rapidly generate effective properties at multiple geologic scales, incorporating the effect of channel architecture and reservoir connectivity into simple dynamic models. Use of simple dynamic models in conjunction with effective properties, principally, geologically based pseudo-relative permeabilities, significantly accelerates the simulation workflow. We show that a statistical distribution of the recovery factor can be produced within hours instead of days by combined use of Monte Carlo simulation and a simple dynamic model with effective properties. Recovery factors estimated via our simplified modeling method agree well with observed recovery factor distributions of turbidite channel reservoirs with significant production history.