gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-Bandwidth Problem in Room Temperature Slow Light (2006)

For many applications of slow or stopped light, the delay-time-bandwidth product is a fundamental issue. So far, however, slow-light demonstrations do not show a large delay-time-bandwidth product, especially in room temperature solids. Here we demonstrate that the use of artificial inhomogeneous broadening has the potential to solve this problem. A proof-of-principle experiment is done using slow light produced by two-beam coupling in a photorefractive crystal Ce:BaTiO3 where Bragg selection is used to provide the artificial inhomogeneity. Examples of how to generalize this concept for use with other room temperature slow-light solids are also given.
Decomposition of Dioxins on Sediments and Soils (2004)

Using the fixed-bed type reaction test facility -filled with quartz sands and equipped with the mass analysis detector, we conducted the decomposition experiment of the ortho-chlorophenol (o-CP) as a precursor of the dioxins, to evaluate the effect of various metal compounds added to the quartz sand. Under the test conditions of 10% O_2 and the reaction temperature of 450℃, we confirmed that the o-CP was decomposed to CO_2, H_20 and HCL It was also found that the catalytic effect of the metal compounds on the decomposition of o-CP was greater in the order of CuCl, CuCl_2, CuO, FeCl_3, Fe_2O_3 and FeO. In the next stage, we conducted the detoxification experiments of the actual soils and sediments contaminated by dioxins using the rotary-kiln type test facility with the treatment capacity of 10 to 20 kg/h, and we confirmed that the dioxins in the soils and sediments were decomposed more than 99% and the vaporization of the dioxins was less enough.
Decreasing retinol and α‐tocopherol concentrations in human milk and infant formula using varied bottle systems (2010)

Expressing human milk has become a more common alternative for mothers, as the average work demand has increased. As more mothers must work, bottle feeding trends are increasingly common. The handling and storage of human milk introduce the risk of degradation to expressed human milk and infant formula. In following a 20-minute simulated feeding, Vitamin C has been found to degrade. Vitamin C acts as an anti-oxidant and is responsible for shielding other nutrients from oxidation, such as retinol and alpha-tocopherol. By analyzing a 20-minute simulated feeding, retinol and alpha-tocopherol each displayed decreases over time significantly different than that of the Control, which was milk not exposed to bottle feeding. In human milk, retinol showed as high as a 9.5% decrease compared to the Control. Similar trends were seen with the infant formula samples. The correlation between degradation and bottle feeding systems was dependent upon the formation of bubbles in the milk as the milk was removed from the bottle. The analysis indicated a decrease of up to 12%, as seen in retinol, and 35%, as seen in alpha-tocopherol. These decreases in retinol and alpha-tocopherol should be considered when using a bottle feeding system to deliver either human milk or formula to an infant. More research is necessary to determine the effect of this decrease on the nutritional status of infants, particularly premature infants, who are at higher risk for nutrient deficiencies.
Quantum dots: promises and accomplishments (2011)

Exploration of the Stranski-Krastanow growth of strained semiconductor heterostructures marked the major breakthrough for easy fabrication of defect-free quantum dots (QDs). For the first time, single QDs are facilitating the development of electrically operated emitters of single polarized or entangled photons on demand: an essential component for quantum communication systems. QDs inserted in quantum wells, stacked in planes upon each other, have led to semiconductor lasers that can operate at wavelengths that were previously impossible, or at least difficult to reach, for a given semiconductor family. These lasers show excellent temperature stability, large radiation resistance, and excellent temporal and spatial stability. In this review we discuss recent progress in the field of quantum dot devices.
PATHOGENICITY OF GRANULE FORMULATIONS OF Metarhizium anisopliae AGAINST THE LARVAE OF THE OIL PALM RHINOCEROS BEETLE, Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (2009)

Granule formulations consisting of mycelia and spores of Metarhizium anisopliae var. major as the active ingredient were produced and tested against the larvae of Oryctes rhinoceros. The effect of the medium pH on the production of mycelia was investigated, and the granule compositions were optimized. The fungus produced higher yields of mycelial pellets (0.58 g) at pH=8 as compared to pH=5, 6 or 7. Granules prepared from mycelia with the growing medium (G+MM) improved fungal growth (100%) and sporulation (87.2%) as compared to granules prepared from the mycelia alone (G+M) (growth and sporulation, 62.4% and 47.6%, respectively). The amounts of ingredients, such as kaolin and rice bran used in making the granules, were then optimized. The weight of granules increased as the amount of kaolin and rice bran increased, but granule quality was reduced. The highest quality granules (with growth 98.5%, sporulation 88.6% and dry weight 1249 g) were prepared with 925 g kaolin and 400 g rice bran. The pathogenicity of the G+MM granules was tested against the third instar larvae of O. rhinoceros. The test showed that at 20 days after treatment (DAT), treatment with rates of 1.0 g and 2.0 g granules/box caused 90% mortality, which was as high as with the treatment using pure spore solutions (96%). The G+MM granules produced more spores and more quickly than granules made from spores (G+Sp). Both types of granules produced 0.42-6.60 x 10 6 spores/granule. Results of the bioassay indicated that application of G+MM and G+Sp at rates of 3 g, 6 g and 9 g killed 100% the third instar larvae as early as at 18 DAT. Infection level increased as the application rate increased. G+MM and G+Sp applied at 9 g/box caused the highest infection of 93.3% in the larvae. The potential use of the granule formulation to control O. rhinoceros in the field was also discussed.
Insights into function and regulation of small heat shock protein 25 (HSPB1) in a mouse model with targeted gene disruption (2007)

The mammalian small heat shock protein (sHSPs) family is comprised of 10 members and includes HSPB1, which is proposed to play an essential role in cellular physiology, acting as a molecular chaperone to regulate diverse cellular processes. Whilst differential roles for sHSPs are suggested for specific tissues, the relative contribution of individual sHSP family members in cellular and organ physiology remains unclear. To address the function of HSPB1 in vivo and determine its tissue-specific expression during development and in the adult, we generated knock-in mice where the coding sequence of hspb1 is replaced by a lacZ reporter gene. Hspb1 expression marks myogenic differentiation with specific expression first confined to developing cardiac muscles and the vascular system, and later in skeletal muscles with specific expression at advanced stages of myoblast differentiation. In the adult, hspb1 expression was observed in other tissues, such as stratified squamous epithelium of skin, oronasal cavity, tongue, esophagus, and uterine cervix but its expression was most prominent in the musculature. Interestingly, in cardiac muscle hsbp1 expression was down-regulated during the neonatal period and maintained to a relatively low steady-level throughout adulthood. Despite this widespread expression, hspb1-/- mice were viable and fertile with no apparent morphological abnormalities in tissues under physiological conditions. However, at the cellular level and under stress conditions (heat challenge), HSPB1 act synergistically with the stress-induced HSPA1 (HSP70) in thermotolerance development, protecting cells from apoptosis. Our data thus indicate a nonessential role for HSPB1 in embryonic development and for maintenance of tissues under physiological conditions, but also shows that it plays an important role by acting synergistically with other HSPs during stress conditions to exert cytoprotection and anti-apoptotic effects.
Synthesis of Diastereomerically Pure Monoisopinocampheylcyanoborane Adducts of Phosphines. Direct Evidence of an SN2 Substitution at a Boron Atom (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis of Diastereomerically Pure Monoisopinocampheylcyanoborane Adducts of Phosphines. Direct Evidence of an SN2 Substitution at a Boron AtomPatrick Vedrenne, Valérie Le Guen, Loïc Toupet, Thierry Le Gall, and Charles MioskowskiView Author Information Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire CEA-Saclay, Service des Molécules Marquées, Bât. 547 F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France Groupe Matière Condensée et Matériaux, UMR CNRS 6626 Bât. 11 A, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France Laboratoire de Synthèse Bio-Organique associé au CNRS Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Louis Pasteur 74 route du Rhin, BP 24, F-67401 Illkirch, France Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 5, 1090–1091Publication Date (Web):January 22, 1999Publication History Received9 October 1998Published online22 January 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja983566khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja983566krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views624Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Adducts,Boron,Group 15 compounds,High-performance liquid chromatography,Molecular structure Get e-Alerts
[Pro11,d-Ala12]angiotensin I has rapid onset vasoconstrictor activity in the cat (1997)

Responses to the synthetic substrate [Pro11,D-Ala12]angiotensin I were investigated in the hindlimb vascular bed of the cat, a system in which local angiotensin-converting enzyme activity is high. Under constant-flow conditions, injections of [Pro11,D-Ala12]angiotensin I into the perfusion circuit in doses of 1-300 micrograms caused dose-related increases in perfusion pressure that were rapid in onset and that were not changed by the presence of a time-delay coil in the perfusion circuit upstream from the site of peptide injection. The synthetic substrate was approximately 100-fold less potent than angiotensin I and II, and responses to [Pro11,D-Ala12]angiotensin I were not altered by captopril in a dose that inhibited pressor responses to angiotensin I but did not alter responses to angiotensin II. Responses to [Pro11,D-Ala12]angiotensin I, angiotensin I, and angiotensin II were inhibited by DUP-532 and candesartan but were not altered by the angiotensin AT2 receptor antagonist PD-123319. The present data show that [Pro11,D-Ala12]angiotensin I has significant vasoconstrictor activity in the hindlimb vascular bed of the cat and suggest that responses are mediated by the activation of AT1 receptors and that activation of AT2 receptors is not involved. The present data show that the onset of responses to [Pro11,D-Ala12]angiotensin I and angiotensin II are similar and are not dependent on the action of the angiotensin-converting enzyme. The present data suggest that conversion of the synthetic substrate to an active peptide occurs rapidly within the hindlimb vascular bed or that the peptide may have direct AT1 receptor-stimulating activity.
Quantitative volumetric analysis of conventional MRI response in recurrent glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab (2011)

Although the effects of bevacizumab on magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are well documented, to our knowledge, no studies have explicitly quantified the volumetric changes resulting from initial treatment, nor have there been studies examining the ability for volumetric changes in conventional MRI to predict progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). In the current study, we retrospectively examined volumetric changes on conventional MRI scans in 84 patients with recurrent GBM. MRIs were obtained before (mean, 11 days) and after (mean, 42 days) treatment with bevacizumab. The volume of abnormal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal intensity, the volume of contrast enhancement, and the ratio of the 2 were quantified for each patient before and after initial treatment. Results demonstrated that initial treatment with bevacizumab resulted in a significant decrease in both the volume of abnormal FLAIR signal and the volume of contrast enhancement. Initial, residual, and change in FLAIR volume were not predictive of PFS or OS. Initial contrast-enhancing volume was predictive of PFS but not OS. The pretreatment relative nonenhancing tumor ratio, defined as the ratio of FLAIR to contrast-enhancing volume, was found to be predictive of both PFS and OS.
Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages in Post-Transplant, Relapsed Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Are Donor-Derived (2016)

Tumor-associated inflammatory cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) typically outnumber the neoplastic Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells. The composition of the inflammatory infiltrate, particularly the fraction of macrophages, has been associated with clinical behavior. Emerging work from animal models demonstrates that most tissue macrophages are maintained by a process of self-renewal under physiologic circumstances and certain inflammatory states, but the contribution from circulating monocytes may be increased in some disease states. This raises the question of the source of macrophages involved in human disease, particularly that of CHL. Patients with relapsed CHL following allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) provide a unique opportunity to begin to address this issue. We identified 4 such patients in our archives. Through molecular chimerism and/or XY FISH studies, we demonstrated the DNA content in the post-BMT recurrent CHL was predominantly donor-derived, while the H/RS cells were derived from the patient. Where possible to evaluate, the cellular composition of the inflammatory infiltrate, including the percentage of macrophages, was similar to that of the original tumor. Our findings suggest that the H/RS cells themselves define the inflammatory environment. In addition, our results demonstrate that tumor-associated macrophages in CHL are predominantly derived from circulating monocytes rather than resident tissue macrophages. Given the association between tumor microenvironment and disease progression, a better understanding of macrophage recruitment to CHL may open new strategies for therapeutic intervention.
A blob method for the aggregation equation (2015)

Motivated by classical vortex blob methods for the Euler equations, we develop a numerical blob method for the aggregation equation. This provides a counterpoint to existing literature on particle methods. By regularizing the velocity field with a mollifier or âblob functionâ, the blob method has a faster rate of convergence and allows a wider range of admissible kernels. In fact, we prove arbitrarily high polynomial rates of convergence to classical solutions, depending on the choice of mollifier. The blob method conserves mass and the corresponding particle system is energy decreasing for a regularized free energy functional and preserves the Wasserstein gradient flow structure. We consider numerical examples that validate our predicted rate of convergence and illustrate qualitative properties of the method.
Treatment of high-risk MDS patients (pts) with -7/del(7q) with azacitidine (AZA) versus conventional care regimens (CCR): Effects on overall survival (OS) (2008)

7033 Background: -7/del(7q) is associated with poor prognosis in MDS. In a recent phase III, randomized trial, AZA significantly prolonged OS in pts with high-risk MDS (Fenaux, Blood 2007;110,817). This analysis assessed the effect of AZA on OS in this subgroup of high- risk MDS pts with -7/del(7q). Methods: Primary inclusion criterion for the Phase III study was high-risk MDS (FAB RAEB, RAEB-T, or CMMoL and IPSS Int-2 or High). Pts were randomized to AZA (75 mg/m2/d x 7d, q28d) or CCR. CCR comprised 3 treatments: BSC only (transfusions, antibiotics, G-CSF for neutropenic infection); low-dose ara-C (20 mg/m2/d x 14d, q28d); or induction chemotherapy (7+3 regimen). No erythropoietin was allowed. Results: At baseline (BL), 57 (30 AZA, 27 CCR) of 358 pts in the total population had -7/del(7q), 35% had -7/del(7q) alone and 65% had -7del(7q) as part of complex karyotype. BL characteristics were balanced in the 2 arms: 70% male; median age, 69 years. The median Kaplan Meier difference in OS for AZA vs CCR was 8.4 months, a significant improvement (3-fold) over CCR (Table). The hazard ratio (HR) was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.16–0.68) indicating a 67% reduced risk of death in the AZA arm; this compares with an HR of 0.58 for the OS improvement with AZA vs CCR with all cytogenetic subtypes in the phase III trial. At 2 years, a 4-fold OS advantage was observed in the AZA arm with 33% of pts alive vs 8% in the CCR arm (p=0.03). Secondary endpoints support the OS advantage (Table). Significantly higher IWG 2000 response rates (CR+PR) were seen in pts with -7/del(7q) alone (64% vs 11%; p=0.03) or complex (21% vs 0; p=0.02) with AZA vs CCR, and compared favorably to the overall AZA group with IPSS good and intermediate cytogenetics. AZA was generally well tolerated. Conclusion: This phase III subgroup analysis indicates the disease modifying effect of AZA extends to unfavorable cytogenetic patterns that include -7/del(7q), and suggests AZA may represent the treatment of choice for this otherwise poor prognosis subset. OS, CR, PR, HI, and transfusion independence (TI) in RBC-dependent -7/del(7q) pts at BL (n/N,%) OS (mos) CR+PR CR RBC TI HI-E HI-P AZA 13.1 13/30, 43 8/30, 27 12/21, 57 13/26, 50 10/20, 50 CCR 4.6 1/27, 4 1/27, 4 0/19, 0 0/24, 0 2/25, 8 P value 0.003 0.0005 0.03 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.002 Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pharmion Amgen, Celgene, Pharmion Corporation Pharmion Amgen, Celgene, Cephalon, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pharmion, Roche Pharmion Corporation
Electrochemistry: Principles, Methods, and Applications (1993)

This much-needed, comprehensive text offers an introduction to electrochemistry. The book begins at an elementary level and progresses through to the most recent advances in this interdisciplinary subject. The first part introduces the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, kinetics, and mass transport associated with electrode reactions. The second part considers experimental methods that are available to study electrode and electrochemical processes, such as steady-state with forced convection, linear sweep, step/pulse voltametric techniques and impedance, modern surface analysis, and microscopic and spectroscopic procedures that complement the electrochemical information. The final part of the book discusses wide-ranging applications, including sensors, industrial electrolysis and batteries, corrosion studies, and the rapidly expanding field of bioelectrochemistry. Easily accessible appendices provide the necessary mathematics, principles of electrical circuits, and basics of digital simulation. The breadth of coverage insures that this volume will be valuable not only to students in chemistry, biochemistry, industrial chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science, but to researchers needing proper introduction to electrochemistry.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlates of Dichotic Listening Performance in Multiple Sclerosis (2012)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology can cause disruptions in central auditory processing. Here, we applied quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to investigate the impact of global neurodegenerative processes on dichotic listening performance in MS. We studied 28 subjects with clinically definite MS and 26 healthy controls using 3T MRI and a dichotic digits task (DDT) performed in the scanner. Subjects with MS displayed increased white matter lesions, prolonged water proton longitudinal relaxation time constants in normal appearing white matter, reduced gray matter volumes, and reduced corpus callosum areas compared with controls. No group differences were found for any of the DDT performance measures. In subjects with MS, corpus callosum area was strongly correlated with DDT performance. This relationship remained present after controlling for other measures of neuropathology, suggesting that callosal atrophy directly impacts dichotic listening performance in MS.
Integrated traffic flow forecasting and traffic incident detection algorithm based on non-parametric regression (2003)

Although short term traffic flow forecasting algorithm is widely used today,some questions still exist. To address these issues, here an KNN NPR(K Nearest Neighbors Non Parametric Regression) based integrated algorithm which can make traffic flow forecasting and traffic event detection at the same time is proposed. Then in order to improve the accuracy and computing speed of the proposed algorithm, authors put forward two improvements which are improved in variable K search method based on “dense degree” and advanced data structures based on dynamic cluster method and hash function transformation.Field test fully proves two improvements, which the proposed algorithm can adequately meet real time system requirements and accuracy requirements.
The successful treatment ofDipetalonema perstansfilariasis with mebendazole (1982)

One male and one female, both of whom had become infected in Zaire with Dipetalonema perstans, were successfully treated with mebendazole (Vermox), using 100 mg twice daily for 30 days. There were no side reactions. The female had previously been treated, unsuccessfully, with diethylcarbamazine.
UPPER AIRWAY ASSESSMENT (1998)

Upper airway imaging is a powerful technique to study the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and biomechanics of sleep apnea and the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in patients with sleep disordered breathing. The primary upper airway imaging modalities include nasopharyngoscopy, cephalometrics, CT scanning, and MR imaging. Imaging studies using these modalities have provided important insights into the static and dynamic structure and function of the upper airway and surrounding soft-tissue structures during wakefulness and sleep. Such imaging studies have highlighted the importance of the lateral pharyngeal walls in mediating upper airway caliber. These imaging modalities have also been used to study the effect of respiration, weight loss, mandibular repositioning devices, and upper airway surgery on the upper airway. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the airway and surrounding soft-tissue structures can be performed with MR imaging and CT scanning. Clinical indications for upper airway imaging are evolving such that imaging studies should be considered in patients with sleep apnea who are being treated with dental appliances or upper airway surgery.