gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of mussel plaque detachment (2015)

Mussels are well known for their ability to generate and maintain strong, long-lasting adhesive bonds under hostile conditions. Many prior studies attribute their adhesive strength to the strong chemical interactions between the holdfast and substrate. While chemical interactions are certainly important, adhesive performance is also determined by contact geometry, and understanding the coupling between chemical interactions and the plaque shape and mechanical properties is essential in deploying bioinspired strategies when engineering improved adhesives. To investigate how the shape and mechanical properties of the mussel's plaque contribute to its adhesive performance, we use a custom built load frame capable of fully characterizing the dynamics of the detachment. With this, we can pull on samples along any orientation, while at the same time measuring the resulting force and imaging the bulk deformations of the plaque as well as the holdfast-substrate interface where debonding occurs. We find that the force-induced yielding of the mussel plaque improves the bond strength by two orders of magnitude and that the holdfast shape improves bond strength by an additional order of magnitude as compared to other simple geometries. These results demonstrate that optimizing the contact geometry can play as important a role on adhesive performance as optimizing the chemical interactions as observed in other organisms and model systems.
Diamond coatings (1993)

Diamond is the hardest and most wear resistant rnaterial known. It has a unique combination of the highest known thermal conductivity, and other properties which will make possible the creation of whole new families of products. These include optical windows, laser diode heat sinks, electronic thermal management substrates, radiation detectors, wear products, and cutting tools. Natural diamond is too expensive for most of these products, except in special applications. However, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond technology is rapidly being developed as a method to cost effectively produce both diamond coatings and free-standing diamond parts for many new products. Many applications are already in commercial production, and are expanding rapidly. The vast potential for future CVD diamond applications is reviewed.
1,2-Dichalcogenins: Simple Syntheses of 1,2-Diselenins, 1,2-Dithiins, and 2-Selenathiin (1999)

Ring opening of titanacyclopentadienes 1 with (SCN)2 or (SeCN)2 followed by bis(thiocyanate) or bis(selenocyanate) cyclization affords 1,2-dithiin (2 a) or 1,2-diselenin (2 b), respectively. Compound 1 gives 2 a directly on reaction with S2Cl2. Unsubstituted 1,2-diselenin is prepared by reaction of PhCH2SeNa with 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,3-butadiyne followed by reductive cleavage of the benzyl group and oxidation. The unsubstituted 2-selenathiin is prepared in an analogous manner, but from a mixture of PhCH2SeNa and PhCH2SNa.
Stitching videos streamed by mobile phones in real-time (2009)

User generated videos with mobile phone cameras are becoming more and more ubiquitous allowing people to share live content with remote parties, possibly in real-time. However with limited mobile phone capabilities, these videos are usually of small resolution, resulting in a small field of view for acceptable quality. Fortunately with the proliferation of video capture-enabled mobile phones, there is high chance that one or more persons will be shooting the same scene from different views. In this demonstration, we are showing an end-to-end system which receives video streams coming from different mobile phones, time synchronizes the streams and produces a single composite mosaic video, and all of this is done in real-time. The proposed system operates without coordination between users. The system has been tested under various capturing conditions such as indoor, outdoor, day and night conditions.
Benn, Oelze und die Literaturwissenschaft nach 1945. Vorüberlegungen zu einem Editions- und Erschließungsprojekt (2019)

Der Beitrag diskutiert ausgehend von Benns Briefwechsel mit F. W. Oelze das Verhältnis zwischen dem Dichter und verschiedenen Repräsentanten der Literaturwissenschaft nach 1945. Benn pflegte intensiven Kontakt zu bedeutenden Germanisten, Romanisten und Philosophen wie Theodor W. Adorno oder E. R. Curtius, aber auch zu jungen Doktoranden und Nachwuchswissenschaftlern wie Dieter Wellershoff. Anhand ausgewählter Beispiele wird die Bedeutung dieser Kommunikation für die Fach- und Literaturgeschichte nach 1945 gezeigt. Die Ausführungen stehen im Kontext eines gemeinsam mit dem Deutschen Literaturarchiv in Marbach geplanten Projekts, das Benns Beziehungen zur Literaturwissenschaft auf der Basis der erhaltenen Korrespondenz erschließen will.
Fine chemical filtration: Defining filtration processes (2007)

Where does filtration fit into the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals? Ken Sutherland looks at the various processes available.
GENDER AND ETHNIC GROUP DIFFERENCES ON THE GMAT ANALYTICAL WRITING ASSESSMENT (1996)

ABSTRACT Gender and ethnic group differences on the Analytical Writing Assessment that is part of the Graduate Management Admissions Test were evaluated. Data from the first operational administration in October of 1994 were used. Standardized differences from the White male reference group were computed separately for men and women in four ethnic groups: White, Asian American, African American, and Hispanic/Latino. Within the White, African American, and Hispanic/Latino groups, women received higher scores than men on the Analytical Writing Assessment; in the Asian American group, men received higher writing scores, but the difference was not as great as on the Verbal score. Examinees whose best language was not English scored relatively higher on the Analytical Writing Assessment than on the Verbal measure. Simulations of eligibility for an admissions pool suggested that the addition of the Analytical Writing score would noticeably increase the number of the women in the pool, but would have virtually no impact on ethnic minorities. Rater and score reliability were reasonably consistent across ethnic and gender groups.
New Wireless Acoustic Network Provides Real-Time Downhole Data During Completion, Casing and Cementing Operations (2017)

Abstract The drilling world has benefitted immensely in the last 20 years from real-time data during on bottom time. Huge advances in safety, efficiency and productivity have come with directional control and geosteering data being transferred back to surface. As wells have become more complex, particularly in the deepwater environment then the actual on bottom drilling time has reduced to less than 15% of total rig time (Blacklaw: SPE GCS Annual Drilling Symposium. April, 2016). The casing and liner running, cementing and completion installation related activities have, however, not had those same benfits. They instead have had to rely on surface measurements and modeling. As wells have become more complex and windows of operations tighter there are multiple case histories where these models and surface measurements are significantly diverging from what is actually happening downhole.
Anatomic basis of cross-sectional echocardiography (2001)

Ten hearts were cut in planes to simulate echocardiographic cuts which may be taken to visualise the anatomy of the cardiac chambers and great arteries. The various myocardial wall segments were named from these sections by referring to their position in the reconstituted heart. The sections were studied in their correct anatomical position. In this way they provide a reference for appropriate orientation of echocardiographic images.
Multi-Speed Gearboxes for Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Status and Future Trends (2021)

In the last decade, the automotive industry has undergone a paradigm shift towards electrification. Electric vehicles have become increasingly popular, but so far, they have almost solely utilized single-ratio gearboxes. The use of multiple gear ratios has several potential benefits, including enabling the electric traction machine and inverter to operate in a more efficient region, increasing vehicle acceleration, gradeability, and top speed, and reducing overall traction system mass and volume. Performance vehicles, light to heavy-duty trucks, and buses may especially benefit from multi-speed gearboxes due to their high torque and power requirements. This paper covers the fundamentals of applying multi-speed gearboxes to EVs, the latest designs, and future trends. The efforts of both academia and industry in this field are covered. A range of topics are discussed, including gearbox topologies, gear ratio selection, gearbox losses, noise vibration and harshness, gearbox control, shift scheduling, and regenerative braking. Prior studies are presented showing that depending on the drive cycle, vehicle type, and gearbox configuration, drivetrain energy consumption may be reduced slightly or increased anywhere from a few percent to thirty percent when utilizing a multi-speed configuration. While multi-speed EV traction systems do show considerable promise, more investigation is needed to conclusively determine in what cases they can outperform highly optimized single-speed systems.
An Order Optimal Policy for Exploiting Idle Spectrum in Cognitive Radio Networks (2015)

In this paper, a spectrum sensing policy employing recency-based exploration is proposed for cognitive radio networks. We formulate the problem of finding a spectrum sensing policy for multiband dynamic spectrum access as a stochastic restless multiarmed bandit problem with stationary unknown reward distributions. In cognitive radio networks, the multiarmed bandit problem arises when deciding where in the radio spectrum to look for idle frequencies that could be efficiently exploited for data transmission. We consider two models for the dynamics of the frequency bands: 1) the independent model where the state of the band evolves randomly independently from the past and 2) the Gilbert-Elliot model, where the states evolve according to a two-state Markov chain. It is shown that, in these conditions, the proposed sensing policy attains asymptotically logarithmic weak regret. The policy proposed in this paper is an index policy, in which the index of a frequency band comprises a sample mean term and a recency-based exploration bonus term. The sample mean promotes spectrum exploitation, whereas the exploration bonus encourages further exploration for idle bands providing high data rates. The proposed recency-based approach readily allows constructing the exploration bonus such that it will grow the time interval between consecutive sensing time instants of a suboptimal band exponentially, which then leads to logarithmically increasing weak regret. Simulation results confirming logarithmic weak regret are presented, and it is found that the proposed policy provides often improved performance at low complexity over other state-of-the-art policies in the literature.
Combating Cross-Technology Interference for Robust Wireless Sensing with COTS WiFi (2018)

The past years have witnessed the rapid conceptualization and development of wireless sensing based on Channel State Information (CSI) with commodity WiFi devices.Many research efforts have been devoted to promote WiFi sensing by innovating applications, refining models and optimizing algorithms. A critical issue of Cross-Technology Interference (CTI), however, is surprisingly unnoticed and largely unexplored in the existing literature. In this paper, we demonstrate that CTI poses severe impacts on CSI measurements and further degrades the performance of CSI-based sensing. Based on in-depth understanding of such impacts, we present PERFIC to deal with CTI for CSI on commercial WiFi. We first exploit the inherent cyclostationarity property of different signals to detect CTI and further identify the specific distorted subcarriers on CSI. For each interfered CSI, we then propose to mitigate the impacts of CTI by amending the abnormal subcarriers. We conduct experiments on typical wireless sensing applications, including human detection and activity classification, using off-the-shelf WiFi devices. The results demonstrate that PERFIC yields a remarkable performance gain of >30% with high efficiency and outperforms existing robust classifiers.By providing interference-free CSI that is amendable to existing and emerging CSI-based sensing applications, PERFIC underpins new insights for improving the sensitivity and reliability of wireless sensing.
Designing of spider silk proteins for human induced pluripotent stem cell-based cardiac tissue engineering (2021)

Materials made of recombinant spider silk proteins are promising candidates for cardiac tissue engineering, and their suitability has so far been investigated utilizing primary rat cardiomyocytes. Herein, we expanded the tool box of available spider silk variants and demonstrated for the first time that human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes attach, contract, and respond to pharmacological treatment using phenylephrine and verapamil on explicit spider silk films. The hiPSC-cardiomyocytes contracted for at least 14 days on films made of positively charged engineered <i>Araneus diadematus fibroin 4 (</i>eADF4(κ16)) and three different arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD)-tagged spider silk variants (positively or negatively charged and uncharged). Notably, hiPSC-cardiomyocytes exhibited different morphologies depending on the spider silk variant used, with less spreading and being smaller on films made of eADF4(κ16) than on RGD-tagged spider silk films. These results indicate that spider silk engineering is a powerful tool to provide new materials suitable for hiPSC-based cardiac tissue engineering.
A performance analysis of a four‐leg inverter in two AC motor drives with independent vector control (2006)

Abstract This paper presents a performance analysis of a four‐leg inverter (FLI) in driving two motors with vector control. We show that an expanded two‐arm modulation (ETAM) known as a modulation method of a five‐leg inverter is applicable for the four‐leg inverter and we theoretically analyze a performance analysis of the four‐leg inverter in driving two motors with vector control. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Tree-based estimation of speaker characteristics for speech recognition (2009)

Speaker adaptation by means of adjustment of speaker characteristic properties, such as vocal tract length, has the important advantage compared to conventional adaptation techniques that the adapted models are guaranteed to be realistic if the description of the properties are. One problem with this approach is that the search procedure to estimate them is computationally heavy. We address the problem by using a multi-dimensional, hierarchical tree of acoustic model sets. The leaf sets are created by transforming a conventionally trained model set using leaf-specific speaker profile vectors. The model sets of non-leaf nodes are formed by merging the models of their child nodes, using a computationally efficient algorithm. During recognition, a maximum likelihood criterion is followed to traverse the tree. Studies of one- (VTLN) and four-dimensional speaker profile vectors (VTLN, two spectral slope parameters and model variance scaling) exhibit a reduction of the computational load to a fraction compared to that of an exhaustive grid search. In recognition experiments on children's connected digits using adult and male models, the one-dimensional tree search performed as well as the exhaustive search. Further reduction was achieved with four dimensions. The best recognition results are 0.93% and 10.2% WER in TIDIGITS and PF-Star-Sw, respectively, using adult models.
Artificial Ferroelectricity in Perovskite Superlattices (2004)

Artificial superlattices of SrZrO3(SZO)∕SrTiO3(STO) were fabricated by molecular-beam epitaxy. Lattice parameters showed that the lattice distortion (c∕a ratio) attained a maximum value in the [(SZO)10∕(STO)10]4 superlattice. Dielectric relaxation was observed in the [(SZO)1∕(STO)1]40 and [(SZO)10∕(STO)10]4 superlattices in the low frequency domain. Dielectric permittivity of the SZO∕STO superlattices was over 10 000 at 110MHz. The SZO∕STO superlattices showed clear Q–V hysteresis curves, which indicated that ferroelectricity was induced artificially in the superlattices in spite of the paraelectric nature of SZO and STO. The origin of the ferroelectricity was related to the anisotropic lattice distortion in the superlattice structure.
Deep Learning–Assisted Diagnosis of Cerebral Aneurysms Using the HeadXNet Model (2019)

The deep learning model developed successfully detected clinically significant intracranial aneurysms on CTA. This suggests that integration of an artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic model may augment clinician performance with dependable and accurate predictions and thereby optimize patient care.
Evaluation of the accuracy and clinical practicality of a calculation system for patient positional displacement in carbon ion radiotherapy at five sites (2018)

Our system has clinical practicality for prostate, lung, and head and neck cancer cases. Additionally, our findings suggest ROI size dependence in some cases.
Supramolecular assembly of biological molecules purified from bovine nerve cells: from microtubule bundles and necklaces to neurofilament networks (2005)

With the completion of the human genome project, the biosciences community is beginning the daunting task of understanding the structures and functions of a large number of interacting biological macromolecules. Examples include the interacting molecules involved in the process of DNA condensation during the cell cycle, and in the formation of bundles and networks of filamentous actin proteins in cell attachment, motility and cytokinesis. In this proceedings paper we present examples of supramolecular assembly based on proteins derived from the vertebrate nerve cell cytoskeleton. The axonal cytoskeleton in vertebrate neurons provides a rich example of bundles and networks of neurofilaments, microtubules (MTs) and filamentous actin, where the nature of the interactions, structures, and structure–function correlations remains poorly understood. We describe synchrotron x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and optical imaging data, in reconstituted protein systems purified from bovine central nervous system, which reveal unexpected structures not predicted by current electrostatic theories of polyelectrolyte bundling, including three-dimensional MT bundles and two-dimensional MT necklaces.
Effect of dietary fish oil, α-tocopheryl acetate, and zinc supplementation on the composition and consumer acceptability of chicken meat (2004)

A factorial design was used to study the effect of dietary fish oil (1.25% and 2.5%), all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (70 and 140 mg/kg), and Zn supplementation (0 and 200 mg/kg) on the composition and consumer acceptability of chicken meat stored at -20 degrees C for 5 mo. Supplementation of the diet with all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate increased the alpha-tocopherol content in meat. The fatty acid composition of the meat was affected only by the amount of fish oil. Diets supplied with 2.5% fish oil produced meat with an eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid content double that of diets supplied with 1.25% fish oil. Zn supplementation did not affect the content of this mineral in the meat. Moreover, the consumer acceptability of meat samples showed no significant differences between dietary treatments after 5 mo of storage at -20 degrees C or with respect to a freshly cooked commercial sample used as a blind control.
Diagnostic and prognostic values of ADAMTS13 activity measured during daily plasma exchange therapy in patients with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (2014)

The data suggest that ADAMTS13 activities measured during the initial period of PE therapy offer both diagnostic and prognostic values in acquired TTP.
Patients who do not fulfill criteria for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but have unexplained giant T-wave inversion: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance mid-term follow-up study (2021)

CMR metrics identify predictors for progression to HCM in patients with unexplained giant T-wave inversion.
Synthesis and characterization of pyridine-functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica and its application for preconcentration and trace detection of lead and copper ions in fuel products (2014)

We present a study on the synthesis, characterization and application of a pyridine-functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica material (called Py-Fe3O4@MCM-41) as an adsorbent for the solid phase extraction of trace quantities of lead and copper ions. The modified Fe3O4@MCM-41 can be easily separated from an aqueous solution by applying an external magnetic field. Effects of pH, amount of functionalized Fe3O4@MCM-41, extraction time, type and quantity of eluent, desorption time, and interfering ions on the extraction efficiency were evaluated and optimized. Lead and copper ions were then quantified using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit for lead and copper ions was 0.1 μg L−1 and 0.08 μg L−1, respectively and the maximum adsorption capacity of the synthesized sorbent for lead and copper ions was 287 mg g−1 and 194 mg g−1, respectively. The Py-Fe3O4@MCM-41 sorbent was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction.
Gas chromatographic investigation of rose concrete, absolute and solid residue (2005)

The chemical composition and physical properties of the rose absolute produced from rose concretes and the extract, supplied by three different companies, were determined by GC and GC–MS. It was found that rose absolute consists mainly of β-phenylethyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, nerol, eugenol, methyl eugenol, geranyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, nonadecane, nonadecene and farnesol. The solid residue, which is the by-product of absolute production, was further divided on a silica gel column into three fractions by solvents having different polarities (n-hexane, 5% diethyl ether in n-hexane, and diethyl ether alone). A fraction eluated with n-hexane was analysed directly by GC and GC–MS. Two other fractions, after saponification, were converted to their methyl ester derivatives and then analysed by GC and GC–MS. It was observed that the solid residue contains mainly straight-chain saturated hydrocarbons with high molecular weight (C15–C31) and the esters of carboxylic acids and a homologous series between them exists. It was also concluded that the extract obtained by solvent extraction from the residue of rose flower (Rosa damascena Mill.) which was subjected to steam distillation is also a valuable raw material. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.