gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Double-Sided Silicon Strip Position Sensor (2006)

Since double-sided silicon strip sensor provides two-dimensional position information with high resolution, it has been developed in various areas for medical imaging sensor, radiation detector, sensing detector in space science and silicon vertexing/tracking detector in experimental particle physics. We designed and fabricated the double-sided silicon position sensor in 5-inch fabrication line. We present measurement results of electrical characteristics of the sensor such as leakage currents and capacitances as function of bias voltages. We also performed beta source test with /sup 90/Sr radioactive source and tested the radiation damage of fabricated sensors with 35 MeV proton beam. The charge collection efficiencies for different sensor designs were measured with laser scanning method.
Cloning of nitrate reductase genes from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans (1984)

Anacystis nidulans, a non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, can fulfill its nitrogen requirement by the assimilation of nitrate. The first step in the pathway, the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, is catalyzed by the molybdo-protein nitrate reductase. In this study, newly developed techniques for gene cloning in A. nidulans R2 were used for the isolation of two genes involved in nitrate reduction. One gene was cloned by complementation of the corresponding mutant; the other gene was picked up from a cosmid gene library by using a restriction fragment containing the transposon-inactivated gene as a probe. Both genes were unlinked single-copy chromosomal genes. Transformation studies provided evidence for the existence of a third locus involved in nitrate reduction.
Identification and characterization of a promiscuous chemokine-binding protein in a human erythroleukemic cell line (1994)

The erythrocyte chemokine receptor is a cell surface protein that binds a wide array of chemokines including interleukin-8 (IL-8), melanoma growth stimulating activity (MGSA), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted). This protein has also been identified as the Duffy blood group antigen, a cell surface receptor for the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax. In the present study, we have identified a chemokine receptor-like binding protein in a human erythroleukemic cell line (HEL), which, based on its molecular properties, may be related to the erythrocyte chemokine receptor. Saturation binding studies with 125I-IL-8 revealed a single class of IL-8 binding sites in HEL cells with a KD of 7.4 +/- 1.9 nM and a receptor density of 12,818 +/- 965 binding sites/cell. In competition studies unlabeled IL-8 MGSA, MCP-1, and RANTES were fully able to inhibit the binding of 125I-IL-8 to HEL cells. Chemical cross-linking with radiolabeled IL-8 resulted in a cross-linked species of 60 kDa in membranes from HEL cells. The labeling was specific since it was inhibited by pre-incubation with 1 microM unlabeled IL-8 or MGSA. A monoclonal antibody (Fy6) to the human erythrocyte Duffy blood group antigen/chemokine receptor blocked the binding of IL-8 and other chemokines to the HEL cell chemokine receptor-like binding protein. Cell membranes from HEL cells and from erythrocyte ghosts were subjected to SDS-PAGE and analyzed by Western blotting with anti-Fy6. The antibody bound to a molecule with a molecular mass of 50 kDa in HEL cell membranes and 40 kDa in erythrocyte ghosts. Northern blot analysis of mRNA revealed that the HEL chemokine-binding protein hybridized to a cDNA probe to the Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor.
42: THREE PEDIATRIC SEPSIS-INDUCED MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE INFLAMMATION PHENOTYPES: A MULTICENTER STUDY (2018)

Carcillo, Joseph; Berg, Robert; Wessel, David; Pollack, Murray; Meert, Kathleen; Hall, Mark; Newth, Christopher; Lin, John; Doctor, Allan; Shanley, Thomas; Cornell, Timothy; Harrison, Rick; Zuppa, Athena; Reeder, Ron; Banks, Russell; Kellum, John; Holubkov, Richard; Notterman, Daniel; Dean, J. Michael; Tamburro, Robert Author Information
Permeabilization of Plant Tissues by Monopolar Pulsed Electric Fields: Effect of Frequency (2010)

Pulsed electric fields (PEF) nonthermally induce cell membrane permeabilization and thereby improve dehydration and extraction efficiencies in food plant materials. Effects of electrical field strength and number of pulses on plant tissue integrity have been studied extensively. Two previous studies on the effect of pulse frequency, however, did not provide a clear view: one study suggested no effect of frequency, while the other found a greater impact on tissue integrity at lower frequency. This study establishes the effect of pulse frequency on integrity of onion tissues. Changes in electrical characteristics, ion leakage, texture parameters, and percent weight loss were quantified for a wide range of pulse frequencies under conditions of fixed field strength and pulse number. Optical microscopy and viable-cell staining provided direct visualization of effects on individual cells. The key finding is that lower frequencies (f < 1 Hz) cause more damage to tissue integrity than higher frequencies (f = 1 to 5000 Hz). Intriguingly, the optical microscopy observations demonstrate that the speed of intracellular convective motion (that is, cytoplasmic streaming) following PEF application is strongly correlated with PEF frequency. We provide the first in situ visualization of the intracellular consequence of PEF at different frequencies in a plant tissue. We hypothesize that cytoplasmic streaming plays a significant role in moving conductive ionic species from permeabilized cells to the intercellular space between plant cells, making subsequent pulses more efficacious at sufficiently low frequencies. The results suggest that decreasing the pulse frequency in PEF may minimize the number of pulses needed to achieve a desired amount of permeabilization, thus lowering the total energy consumption. Practical Application: PEF cause pores to be formed in plant cell membranes, thereby improve moisture removal and potential extraction of desirable components. This study used in situ microscopic evaluation of onion cells, as they were pulsed with electric fields at different frequencies, to determine whether frequency was an important parameter. We illustrate that membranes were more effectively broken at lower frequencies as compared to higher frequencies. Application of this information will allow for improved design of PEF systems for more energy efficient dehydration or extraction of plant tissues.
Performance of production SRF cavities for CEBAF (2002)

Construction of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility recirculating linac represents the largest scale application of superconducting rf (SRF) technology to date. Over 250 of the eventual 338 SRF 1497 MHz cavities have been assembled into hermetic pairs and completed rf testing at 2.0 K. Among these, 52% demonstrated usable gradients greater than 10 MV/m. Although the rf performance characteristics well exceed the CEBAF baseline requirements of Q/sub 0/=2.4/spl times/10/sup 9/ at 5 MV/m, the usual limiting phenomena are encountered: field emission, quenching, Q-switching, and occasional multipacting. An analysis of the occurrence conditions and severity of these phenomena during production cavity testing is presented. The frequency with which performance is limited by quenching suggests that additional material advances may be required for applications which require the reliable achievement of accelerating gradients of more than 15 MV/m. The distributions of frequency and Q for a higher-order mode are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cloning and Recombinant Expression of Phospholipase A2 Present in Rheumatoid Arthritic Synovial Fluid (1989)

Synovial fluid from arthritic patients contains multiple forms of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), as resolved by high performance liquid chromatography (Seilhamer, J.J., Plant, S., Pruzanski, W., Schilling, J., Stefanski, E., Vadas, P., and Johnson, L. K. (1989) J. Biochem. (Tokyo), submitted for publication). Here we describe the cloning of a human 4.5-kilobase gene and 800-base pair cDNA encoding the form representing the major peak of activity and protein mass (peak A). The clones encode a mature peptide of 124 amino acids, which follows a prepeptide of 20 residues. The deduced amino acid sequence constitutes an enzyme of the "Type II" class of PLA2s, and resembles PLA2s from other mammalian sources. This represents the first report of a full length mammalian non-pancreatic PLA2 sequence. Active transcription of this PLA2 gene was detected in two different inflammatory cell sources. Recombinant human peak A PLA2 was expressed in vaccinia as a secreted protein which accumulated in conditioned medium.
Deep Green And Monolithic White LEDs Based On Combination Of Short-Period InGaN∕GaN Superlattice And InGaN QWs (2011)

This work presents the results of the investigation of approaches to the synthesis of the active region of LED with extended optical range. Combination of short-period InGaN/GaN superlattice and InGaN quantum well was applied to extend optical range of emission up to 560 nm. Monolithic white LED structures containing two blue and one green QWs separated by the short-period InGaN/GaN superlattice were grown with external quantum efficiency up to 5-6%.
Targeting the vasculature: anti-angiogenic agents for malignant mesothelioma (2016)

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive malignancy of the pleura and other serosal membranes originating from mesothelial cells that, despite decades of research, continues to have limited therapeutic options and is associated with a poor prognosis. Areas covered: MMs induce a strong inflammatory response that is also associated with neoangiogenesis and activation of proangiogenic factors. Given this, several anti-angiogenic agents have been trialled in a variety of malignancies including mesothelioma. Herein we summarise the role of angiogenesis in MM and the current available data targeting these pathways. Expert commentary: The addition of bevacizumab to cisplatin/pemetrexed chemotherapy is currently a therapeutic option with a proven 2.7 month overall survival benefit in fit patients less than 75. Other antiangiogenics such as nintedinib show early promise, although the Phase III trial results are eagerly awaited before this therapy enters treatment paradigms. Beyond this, it is likely that combinations of antiangiogenics with immunotherapies will be investigated in future studies.
Discovery of 5-[[4-[(2,3-Dimethyl-2H-indazol-6-yl)methylamino]-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]-2-methyl-benzenesulfonamide (Pazopanib), a Novel and Potent Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor (2008)

Inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway has emerged as one of the most promising new approaches for cancer therapy. We describe herein the key steps starting from an initial screening hit leading to the discovery of pazopanib, N(4)-(2,3-dimethyl-2H-indazol-6-yl)-N(4)-methyl-N(2)-(4-methyl-3-sulfonamidophenyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine, a potent pan-VEGF receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor under clinical development for renal-cell cancer and other solid tumors.
Academician Vladimir Evseevich Zuev—Scientist, Teacher, and Organizer (2005)

author of a series of monographs in atmospheric optics; an honorary member of the Optical Society of America; a member of many international scientific councils; and on the editorial boards of a number of scientific journals.In the following brief essay we attempt to provide an outline of his many outstanding scientific achievements and successful efforts in organizing fundamental scientific activities.Vladimir Evseevich was born on January 29, 1925, in a peasant's family.His homeland was the Siberian village of Malye Goly in Irkutsk oblast ͑region͒, located on the Lena River close to Lake Baikal.In 1942 Vladimir Evseevich finished secondary school and started to work as a miner in the region's gold fields.From 1943 to 1946 he served in the Soviet Army participating in military operations against Japan in World War II.In September 1946, Vladimir Evseevich became a student in the Physics Department of Tomsk State Univer-sity.He published his first article on the spectral analysis of minerals and ores under the guidance of Professor N. A. Prilezhaeva while still a student.He presented his dissertation in 1954 on the subject of "Intermolecular interaction in the quinone-phenol system," and went on to work as an assistant professor of the Department of Experimental Physics at Tomsk State University, where he delivered a complete course of general physics to the students studying there.The scientific works of Vladimir Evseevich were already being recognized and disseminated during his undergraduate years ͑1946-1951͒ in the physics faculty of the Tomsk State University, as well as during his years of graduate study ͑1951-1954͒.He chose his early research topics with a view towards applying traditional spectroscopy to geology, and to this end he created a physics laboratory for spectral analysis.The experimental studies conducted there on the intermolecular interaction of complex molecules formed the basis of his doctoral dissertation.Beginning in 1955 Vladimir Evseevich gradually began to focus on what is now called atmospheric optics.This topical area had not been studied in either Tomsk or Siberia before his initiation of these investigations.
Cardiac and Respiratory Motion Correction for Simultaneous Cardiac PET/MR (2017)

Cardiac PET is a versatile imaging technique providing important diagnostic information about ischemic heart diseases. Respiratory and cardiac motion of the heart can strongly impair image quality and therefore diagnostic accuracy of cardiac PET scans. The aim of this study was to investigate a new cardiac PET/MR approach providing respiratory and cardiac motion-compensated MR and PET images in less than 5 min. <b>Methods:</b> Free-breathing 3-dimensional MR data were acquired and retrospectively binned into multiple respiratory and cardiac motion states. Three-dimensional cardiac and respiratory motion fields were obtained with a nonrigid registration algorithm and used in motion-compensated MR and PET reconstructions to improve image quality. The improvement in image quality and diagnostic accuracy of the technique was assessed in simultaneous <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/MR scans of a canine model of myocardial infarct and was demonstrated in a human subject. <b>Results:</b> MR motion fields were successfully used to compensate for in vivo cardiac motion, leading to improvements in full width at half maximum of the canine myocardium of 13% ± 5%, similar to cardiac gating but with a 90% ± 57% higher contrast-to-noise ratio between myocardium and blood. Motion correction led to an improvement in MR image quality in all subjects, with an increase in sharpness of the canine coronary arteries of 85% ± 72%. A functional assessment showed good agreement with standard MR cine scans with a difference in ejection fraction of -2% ± 3%. MR-based respiratory and cardiac motion information was used to improve the PET image quality of a human in vivo scan. <b>Conclusion:</b> The MR technique presented here provides both diagnostic and motion information that can be used to improve MR and PET image quality. Reliable respiratory and cardiac motion correction could make cardiac PET results more reproducible.
Development of an autoland system for general aviation aircraft (2011)

Accidents due to engine failure, pilot disorientation or pilot incapacitation occur far more frequently in general aviation than in commercial aviation, yet general aviation aircraft are equipped with less safety-enhancing features than commercial aircraft. This thesis presents the design of an emergency autoland system that includes automatic landing site selection, guidance to the selected landing site and guidance along the final approach, in addition to the automatic landing capability provided by conventional autoland systems. The proposed system builds on the capability of a general aviation autopilot, flight management system and GPS/WAAS augmented, integrated navigation system. The system provides this automatic landing capability without the use of automatic throttle control and without the use of a radar altimeter, which are essential to conventional autoland systems, but are typically lacking on general aviation aircraft. The design addresses the challenge of no automatic throttle control by utilizing only two simple power settings: cruise power and zero power. The lack of radar altimeter is addressed by appropriate flare planning and placement of the target touchdown point. The approach from the point of autoland initiation, to the approach fix at the the landing site, is performed at cruise power, provided that power is available. The final approach from the approach fix to touchdown, is performed at zero power. Control of the touchdown point location during the final approach is achieved through adjustment of the length of the trajectory, whenever the aircraft’s glide performance deviates from the expected performance. The aircraft’s glide performance is measured online as the aircraft tracks the planned trajectory. The performance of the final design is evaluated in simulation in terms of touchdown point dispersion, sink rate and attitude on touchdown.
Changing Shale Strengths With Invert Emulsion Drilling Fluids: Theory, Measurement, and Modeling (2009)

Abstract Problems with wellbore stability while drilling in shale have plagued the drilling industry for a long time. For good reason, the bulk of trouble-related problems while drilling have been in shales, and great expeditures in time and money are made each year dealing with the problem. However, shale interaction with drilling fluids in the drilling process remains a complex and often misunderstood area of study. By comparison, fewer wellbore stability problems occur while drilling with invert emulsion fluids (IEF) than when water-based drilling fluids are used. The theory of shale interaction with invert emulsions is briefly reviewed in this paper. Actual measurements of changes in shale strength of two shales have been recently made using a new test device from the University of Oklahoma. Two very different shales were studied: one from a deepwater environment and the other a more-competent shale cored in a land-drilling operation. These shales were exposed to invert emulsions having different water phase salinities, and the stresses required to cause sample failure were measured under in-situ conditions. The results showed use of invert emulsions under some conditions weakened the shales, while under other conditions, the shales were strengthened. These results were then interpreted using current osmotic pressure and membrane efficiency theory of invert emulsions. The results were compared to the elastic and porochemoelastic modeling using the rock mechanical properties determined in the laboratory testing. Using a set of drilling and wellbore in-situ stress conditions, traditional elastic wellbore stability modeling is used to predict the changes in tangential stress in the wellbore wall. Next, porochemoelastic modeling is used to predict changes in pore pressure as a function of time and of IEF water phase salinity (WPS). These results are then discussed in relation to the changes in shale strength seen in the laboratory. Knowing that there are significant differences in rock strengths of shales exposed to invert emulsions having varying water phase activity levels, the drilling engineer can more effectively plan future wells, especially those having narrow safe drilling windows.
WNT Inhibition and Increased FGF Signaling Promotes Derivation of Less Heterogeneous Primed Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Compatible with Differentiation (2019)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great value for future clinical applications. However, standard culture conditions maintain hESCs in a primed state, which bears heterogeneity in pluripotency and a tendency for spontaneous differentiation. To counter these drawbacks, primed hESCs have been converted to a naive state, but this has restricted the efficiency of existing directed differentiation protocols. In mouse, WNT inhibition by inhibitor of WNT production-2, together with a higher dose of fibroblast growth factor 2 (12 ng/mL) in DMEM/F12 basal medium (DhiFI), markedly improved derivation and maintenance of primed mouse epiblast stem cells. In this study, we show that DhiFI conditions similarly improved primed hESC traits, such as conferring a primed transcriptional signature with high levels of pluripotency markers and reduced levels of differentiation markers. When triggered to differentiate to neuronal and cardiac lineages, DhiFI hESCs and isogenic primed hESCs progressed similarly. Moreover, DhiFI conditions supported the derivation of hESC lines from a post-inner cell mass intermediate (PICMI). DhiFI-derived hESCs showed less spontaneous differentiation and expressed significantly lower levels of lineage-specific markers, compared to primed-derived lines from the same PICMI. Overall, DhiFI hESCs retained advantages of both primed and naive pluripotency and may ultimately represent a more favorable starting point for differentiation toward clinically desired cell types.
A web-based interface for modeling laser-induced incandescence (LIISim) (2007)

CD-ROM
The ubiquitin–proteasome system and skeletal muscle wasting (2005)

The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is believed to degrade the major contractile skeletal muscle proteins and plays a major role in muscle wasting. Different and multiple events in the ubiquitination, deubiquitination and proteolytic machineries are responsible for the activation of the system and subsequent muscle wasting. However, other proteolytic enzymes act upstream (possibly m-calpain, cathepsin L, and/or caspase 3) and downstream (tripeptidyl-peptidase II and aminopeptidases) of the UPS, for the complete breakdown of the myofibrillar proteins into free amino acids. Recent studies have identified a few critical proteins that seem necessary for muscle wasting {i.e. the MAFbx (muscle atrophy F-box protein, also called atrogin-1) and MuRF-1 [muscle-specific RING (really interesting new gene) finger 1] ubiquitin–protein ligases}. The characterization of their signalling pathways is leading to new pharmacological approaches that can be useful to block or partially prevent muscle wasting in human patients.
New species and new state records of Sialis (Neuroptera: Sialidae) (1964)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Estimation of Component and Parameter Distributions in Spectral Analysis (1998)

A method is presented for estimating the distributions of the components and parameters determined with spectral analysis when it is applied to a single data set. The method uses bootstrap resampling to simulate the effect of noise on the computed spectrum and to correct for possible bias in the estimates. A number of bootstrap procedures are reviewed, and one is selected for application to the kinetic analysis of positron emission tomography dynamic studies. The technique is shown to require minimal assumptions about noise in the measurements, and its small sample properties are established through Monte-Carlo simulations. The advantages and limitations of spectral analysis with bootstrap resampling for deriving inferences for tracer kinetic modeling are illustrated through sample analyses of time-activity curves for [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and [15O]-labeled water.