gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drug–drug interactions that reduce the formation of pharmacologically active metabolites: a poorly understood problem in clinical practice (2010)

Drug-drug interactions can lead to reduced efficacy of medical treatment. Therapeutic failure may for instance result from combined treatment with an inhibitor of the specific pathway that is responsible for the generation of pharmacologically active drug metabolites. This problem may be overlooked in clinical practice. Several examples of drugs will be discussed -clopidogrel, losartan, tamoxifen and codeine - to illustrate differences in the potential impact on drug treatment in clinical practice. We conclude that the combined use of cytochrome P450-blocking serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tamoxifen or codeine should be avoided, whereas the situation is much more complex regarding the use of proton pump inhibitors together with clopidogrel, and the evidence regarding cytochrome P450 inhibitor-dependent activation of losartan is inconclusive.
Diagnosis and Treatment for Ocular Tuberculosis among Uveitis Specialists: The International Perspective (2015)

The approach to diagnosis and management of TB is heterogeneous worldwide. However, there are substantial differences in the clinical approach to uveitis depending on the clinician's location of practice.
Intersecting multilingual data for faster and better statistical translations (2009)

In current phrase-based SMT systems, more training data is generally better than less. However, a larger data set eventually introduces a larger model that enlarges the search space for the translation problem, and consequently requires more time and more resources to translate. We argue redundant information in a SMT system may not only delay the computations but also affect the quality of the outputs. This paper proposes an approach to reduce the model size by filtering out the less probable entries based on compatible data in an intermediate language, a novel use of triangulation, without sacrificing the translation quality. Comprehensive experiments were conducted on standard data sets. We achieved significant quality improvements (up to 2.3 BLEU points) while translating with reduced models. In addition, we demonstrate a straightforward combination method for more progressive filtering. The reduction of the model size can be up to 94% with the translation quality being preserved.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicompartmentalized Polymeric Systems: Towards Biomimetic Cellular Structure and Function (2013)

Abstract Review: 110 refs.
Bilirubin influence on oxidative lung damage and surfactant surface tension properties (2004)

To study the hypothesis that hyperbilirubinemia might reduce in vivo oxidative lung damage while also diminishing lung surfactant surface tension properties during acute lung injury, we performed a randomized study in a rabbit model of acute lung injury. Twenty rabbits were randomized to receive bilirubin or saline intravenously. Acute lung injury was induced by lung lavages with saline. Lung tissue oxidation was evaluated by measuring total hydroperoxide (TH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and protein carbonyls (PC) in bronchial aspirate (BA) samples. Surface surfactant activity was studied in BA samples using a capillary surfactometer. Bilirubin BA concentration increased in bilirubin-treated rabbits, while it remained undetectable in controls. A similar increase in TH, AOPP, and PC bronchial aspirate concentrations was found in both the study and control groups, while surfactant surface activity was lower in the bilirubin than in the control group. We conclude that during hyperbilirubinemia, bilirubin enters the lung tissue, where it can be detected in BA fluid. Bilirubin is not effective as an antioxidant agent and exerts a detrimental effect on lung surfactant surface tension properties. These findings may have relevance to the management of premature neonates suffering from respiratory distress syndrome and hyperbilirubinemia.
EURL ECVAM Recommendation on the KeratinoSensTM assay for skin sensitisation testing (2014)

Identification of the skin sensitisation hazard of chemicals has traditionally relied on the use of animals. Progress in the development of alternative methods has been prompted by the increasing knowledge of the key biological mechanisms underlying this human health effect, as documented by the OECD's recent report summarising the key biological events leading to skin sensitisation ("Adverse Outcome Pathway" (AOP) for skin sensitisation). Within this AOP the activation of cellular signalling pathways, such as the Keap1-Nrf2- antioxidant/electrophile response element (ARE)-dependent pathway, known to play a relevant role in keratinocytes’ responses to skin sensitisers, is postulated to be a key event. Therefore, test methods able to provide information on the ability of a chemical to activate this or other relevant pathways in keratinocytes, may contribute to skin sensitisation hazard and safety assessment. The KeratinoSensTM test method measures ARE-Nrf2 activation through a luciferase reporter gene. The test method has undergone a validation study addressing mainly the test method’s transferability and within- and between-laboratory reproducibility. Following independent scientific peer review by EURL ECVAM’s Scientific Advisory Committee (ESAC) and having considered the input from regulators, stakeholders, international partners and the general public, EURL ECVAM concluded that the KeratinoSensTM may prove a useful component of integrated approaches such as Weight of Evidence (WoE) or Integrated Testing Strategies (ITS) for skin sensitisation hazard assessment. In addition to this, the KeratinoSensTM may also be able to contribute to the assessment of sensitising potency, e.g. by supporting sub-categorisation of sensitisers according to UN GHS. However it is recognised that further efforts are required to explore how KeratinoSensTM data may contribute to potency assessment.
Spondylitis Due to Mycobacterium xenopi in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature (2005)

Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are well known to occur in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. However, spondylitis due to mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis is uncommon. We report a case of biopsy- and culture-proven Mycobacterium xenopi spondylitis in an AIDS patient and discuss approaches to diagnosis and therapy. This case serves to highlight the potential pathogenic role of this usually environmental commensal organism in severely immunosuppressed AIDS patients and uncertainties in their management, given the scarce data on appropriate therapy for this organism.
Energy benefits of reconfigurable hardware for use in underwater snesor nets (2009)

Small, dense underwater sensor networks have the potential to greatly improve undersea environmental and structural monitoring. However, few sensor nets exist because commercially available underwater acoustic modems are too costly and energy inefficient to be practical for this applications. Therefore, when designing an acoustic modem for sensor networks, the designer must optimize for low cost and low energy consumption at every level, from the analog electronics, to the signal processing scheme, to the hardware platform. In this paper we focus on the design choice of hardware platform: digital signal processors, microcontrollers, or reconfigurable hardware, to optimize for energy efficiency while keeping costs low. We implement one algorithm used in an acoustic modem design - Matching Pursuits for channel estimation - on all three platforms and perform a design space exploration to compare the timing, power and energy consumption of each implementation. We show that the reconfigurable hardware implementation can provide a maximum of 210X and 52X decrease in energy consumption over the microcontroller and DSP implementations respectively.
High‐Content Photochromic Polymers Based on Dithienylethenes (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The value of frozen section analysis of the sentinel lymph node in clinically N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx (2005)

Our study shows that SLN biopsy in cN0 neck of patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal carcinoma is both feasible and accurate. Provided that larger studies confirm our results, an elective neck dissection may become unnecessary if fine-sectioned frozen-section analysis of the SLN shows no nodal metastases in patients with cN0 oral cavity and oropharynx carcinoma.
Mechanomutable properties of a PAA/PAH polyelectrolyte complex: rate dependence and ionization effects on tunable adhesion strength (2010)

Advances in nanoscale processing and simulation have led to the capability to directly control the mechanical properties of a material through change of its structural makeup at the nanoscale. A novel class of mechanomutable materials in which mechanical properties can be both tunable and reversible via in situ modifications of a material's nanostructure through stimuli such as pH, light, or electrical fields provides a promising strategy to develop stimuli-responsive polymer-composites. Here we report atomistic-level molecular dynamics (MD) studies, used to investigate the tunable adhesion properties of a polyelectrolyte complex consisting of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) to elucidate the complexation and electrostatic cross-linking behavior of the constituent polymers of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) systems. To accommodate a link between experimental and simulation results, a rate dependence investigation of the adhesion strength is undertaken to reconcile the time-scale limitations of atomistic simulations. A comparison with Atomic Force Microscopy experiments is provided, showing good agreement with simulation results. To investigate potential mutability of the system, we perform a systematic variation of the percent ionization of each constituent polymer. The ultimate strength of adhesion for the aligned polymers is shown to range from approximately 15 nN to 40 nN for an equivalent pH range of pH 2.5 to pH 10. Theoretical regimes of ionization extend the adhesion strength range from 8 nN to 45 nN, displaying the potential application of tunable, mechanomutable PAA/PAH systems. The findings reported here should be useful in steering experimental efforts in the characterization of polyelectrolyte multilayer composites.
MD-Net: Multi-Detector for Local Feature Extraction (2022)

Establishing a sparse set of keypoint correspon dences between images is a fundamental task in many computer vision pipelines. Often, this translates into a computationally expensive nearest neighbor search, where every keypoint descriptor at one image must be compared with all the descriptors at the others. In order to lower the computational cost of the matching phase, we propose a deep feature extraction network capable of detecting a predefined number of complementary sets of keypoints at each image. Since only the descriptors within the same set need to be compared across the different images, the matching phase computational complexity decreases with the number of sets. We train our network to predict the keypoints and compute the corresponding descriptors jointly. In particular, in order to learn complementary sets of keypoints, we introduce a novel unsupervised loss which penalizes intersections among the different sets. Additionally, we propose a novel descriptor-based weighting scheme meant to penalize the detection of keypoints with non-discriminative descriptors. With extensive experiments we show that our feature extraction network, trained only on synthetically warped images and in a fully unsupervised manner, achieves competitive results on 3D reconstruction and re-localization tasks at a reduced matching complexity.
Prediction of intraocular lens power using the lens haptic plane concept (1997)

The predictability in postoperative refraction found by applying the LHP concept and paraxial ray tracing was excellent. However, the small sample, with its unusually slight variation in axial lengths, did not allow statistically significant differences between different postoperative refraction prediction methods to be demonstrated.
Equalizer and detector performance in digital VCRs (2002)

Various equalization and detection techniques are considered for the digital video cassette recorder (DVCR) application. Bit error rate (BER) performances are evaluated based on computer simulation. The equalization/detection schemes considered are class IV partial response equalisation followed by Viterbi algorithm detection (PR4/VA), extended class IV combined with VA detection (EPR4/VA), decision feedback equalization (DFE) and fixed-delay tree search with decision feedback (FDTS/DF). For all cases, the rate 24/25 modulation DC-controlled channel code is used. The BER simulations are performed at different channel SNR values and in the presence of off-track, head-tape space variations and sampling phase error. The results show that the FDTS/DF with a search depth of 3 has significant performance advantage and improved robustness over other schemes under various channel conditions.
Chronic Kidney Disease Progression and Transition Probabilities in a Large Preventive Cohort in Colombia (2021)

A CKD secondary prevention program's key indicator is reported here, such as dialysis initiation, progression rate, and program drop-out; CKD progression appears to be correlated with diabetic status and timing of referral into the preventive program.
Automatic detection and classification of treatment deviations in proton therapy from realistically simulated prompt gamma imaging data (2022)

This study demonstrates that CNNs can reliably detect relevant changes in realistically simulated PGI data and classify most of the underlying sources of treatment deviations. The CNNs extracted meaningful features from the PGI data with a performance comparable to ML classifiers trained on previously established handcrafted features. These results highlight the potential of a reliable, automatic interpretation of PGI data for treatment verification, which is highly desired for a broad clinical application and a prerequisite for the inclusion of PGI in an automated feedback loop for online adaptive PT.
Supplementary Data 3 from SLFN5 Regulates LAT1-Mediated mTOR Activation in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Pathway Enrichment_RNASeq&lt;/p&gt;
Enhancement of the giant electromechanical response in relaxor ferroelectrics due to the critical point proximity (2008)

I The dielectric, heat capacity, and piezoelectric investigations of PMN-PT crystals show the existence of a line of critical points for the paraelectric to ferroelectric transformations in the composition-temperature-electric field (x-T-E) phase diagram. On approaching the critical point both the enthalpy cost to induce the intermediate monoclinic states and thus the barier for polarization rotations decrease significantly.
Better vaccines against tuberculosis (2020)

In the past 2 years, research on new tuberculosis vaccines and correlates of immunity against tuberculosis has led to significant breakthroughs. This gives real hope for the development and evaluation of effective, life-saving tuberculosis vaccines. These are urgently needed to control the tuberculosis pandemic and to fight increasing multidrug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Effective tuberculosis vaccines, as well as more effective drugs and better diagnostics, are the cornerstone of the WHO End TB Strategy.
Preliminary Safety Evaluation of a New Bacteroides xylanisolvens Isolate (2011)

Besides conferring some health benefit to the host, a bacterial strain must present an unambiguous safety status to be considered a probiotic. We here present the preliminary safety evaluation of a new Bacteroides xylanisolvens strain (DSM 23964) isolated from human feces. First results suggest that it may be able to provide probiotic health benefits. Its identity was confirmed by biochemical analysis, by sequencing of its 16S rRNA genes, and by DNA-DNA hybridization. Virulence determinants known to occur in the genus Bacteroides, such the bft enterotoxin and other enzymatic activities involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix and the capsular polysaccharide PS A, were absent in this strain. The investigation of the antibiotic susceptibility indicated that strain DSM 23964 was sensitive to metronidazole, meropenem agents, and clindamycin. Resistance to penicillin and ampicillin was identified to be conferred by the β-lactamase cepA gene and could therefore be restored by adding β-lactamase inhibitors. The localization of the cepA gene in the genome of strain DSM 23964 and the absence of detectable plasmids further suggest that a transfer of β-lactamase activity or the acquisition of other antibiotic resistances are highly improbable. Taken together, the presented data indicate that the strain B. xylanisolvens DSM 23964 has no virulence potential. Since it also resists the action of gastric enzymes and low-pH conditions, this strain is an interesting candidate for further investigation of its safety and potential health-promoting properties.
Large fill-factor bilayer iodine perovskite solar cells fabricated by a low-temperature solution-process (2014)

This work studied the influence of the methylammonium iodide/lead iodine precursor ratio on the perovskite film morphology and device performance.
Heterocyclic analogs of the antihypertensive .beta.-adrenergic blocking agent (S)-2-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-3-cyanopyridine (1980)

The synthesis of a series of isoelectronic analogues of (S)-2-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-3-cyanopyridine (1) are described; included in this group are examples of thiazole, isothiazole, thiadiazole, pyrazine, and the structurally related naphthyridines. All of the compounds are similar to 1 in that they contain a cyano group ortho to the aminohydroxypropoxy side chain and meta to the nitrogen heteroatom. In addition, several related examples, having additional nuclear substituents and/or groups other than CN in the position adjacent to the aminohydroxypropoxy group, were prepared, and beta-adrenoceptor antagonist activity and vasodilating potency were determined. Three compounds, thiazole 2 and isothiazoles 3 and 27, effectively lowered mean arterial pressure in the SH rat at 5 mg/kg. Compounds 2, 3, and 27 increased iliac blood flow and exhibited beta-adrenergic blocking properties in the dog.
Retrotransposon-based molecular markers for assessment of genomic diversity (2014)

Retrotransposons (RTs) are major components of most eukaryotic genomes. They are ubiquitous, dispersed throughout the genome, and their abundance correlates with genome size. Their copy-and-paste lifestyle in the genome consists of three molecular steps involving transcription of an RNA copy from the genomic RT, followed by reverse transcription to generate cDNA, and finally, reintegration into a new location in the genome. This process leads to new genomic insertions without excision of the original element. The target sites of insertions are relatively random and independent for different taxa; however, some elements cluster together in 'repeat seas' or have a tendency to cluster around the centromeres and telomeres. The structure and copy number of retrotransposon families are strongly influenced by the evolutionary history of the host genome. Molecular markers play an essential role in all aspects of genetics and genomics, and RTs represent a powerful tool compared with other molecular and morphological markers. All features of integration activity, persistence, dispersion, conserved structure and sequence motifs, and high copy number suggest that RTs are appropriate genomic features for building molecular marker systems. To detect polymorphisms for RTs, marker systems generally rely on the amplification of sequences between the ends of the RT, such as (long-terminal repeat)-retrotransposons and the flanking genomic DNA. Here, we review the utility of some commonly used PCR retrotransposon-based molecular markers, including inter-primer binding sequence (IPBS), sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (SSAP), retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism (RBIP), inter retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP), and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP).
Impact of Thermal and Nonthermal Processing Technologies on Unfermented Apple Cider Aroma Volatiles (2009)

Aroma composition and microbial quality of identical lots of apple cider treated by pulsed electric field (PEF), ultraviolet irradiation (UV), or thermal pasteurization stored at 4 degrees C were compared at 0 and 4 weeks. Conditions were optimized to achieve identical 5 log reductions in Escherichia coli K12 for each treatment. PEF and thermal pasteurization maintained acceptable microbial quality for 4 weeks, but UV samples fermented after 2 weeks. Twenty-eight volatiles were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and odor activity values (OAV) determined. OAVs of 69:hexyl acetate, 41:hexanal, 25:2-methylbutyl acetate, 23:2-methyl ethyl butyrate, and 14:2-(E)-hexenal were observed for the control cider. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the levels of these odorants were observed between treated apple ciders only after 4 weeks of storage. Thermal samples lost 30% of the major ester and aldehyde volatiles during storage with significant decreases (p < 0.05) in butyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, hexanal, and 2-(E)-hexenal. In UV cider, hexanal and 2-(E)-hexenal were completely lost after 4 weeks of storage. Microbial spoilage in UV cider after 4 weeks of storage was chemically confirmed by the detection of the microbial metabolite 1,3-pentadiene. PEF cider lost <2% of its total ester and aldehydes after 4 weeks of storage and was preferred by 91% of the sensory panel over thermally treated cider.