gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data feed-forward for improved optical CD and film metrology (2012)

Advanced integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing requires high quality metrology for process disposition and control in order to achieve high yields. As the industry advances in high volume manufacturing of 3x and 2x nm nodes with the associated advanced materials and complex structures, understanding and reducing film and critical dimension (CD) measurement uncertainty is more critical than ever. Optical film metrology is used for measurement of critical film parameters such as n & k, thickness and composition, while optical CD metrology is used for measurement of CD, sidewall angle (SWA), height, and other structure-related parameters. Both optical film and CD metrologies utilize advanced structure modeling that includes fitting parameters of the device stack for multiple layers simultaneously. These methods have been proven and established in both R&D and high volume manufacturing scenarios. As film stacks and structures become more complex and design tolerances shrink, however, additional parameters need to be included in the modeling, in some cases leading to reduced parameter precision and unwanted parameter correlation. In this paper we discuss a new methodology, Data Feed Forward, that utilizes multiple metrology steps, and the feed forward of the derived parameters to next metrology steps, for improved measurement sensitivity and quality. In addition, we discuss Data Feed Forward requirements for fab-wide implementation.
Seamless Connection for Mobile P2P and Conventional Wireless Network (2007)

Recently, with the expansion and advent of the wireless Internet such as WiFi, mobile WiMax, and mobile peer-to-peer (P2P) voice over IP (VoIP) communication through P2P overlay network in all-IP area has been deeply investigated as a research area. When the connected peer terminal leaves hot spot of all-IP area, it will be lost the communication session. In this paper, we propose seamless voice connection over P2P mobile VoIP and conventional wireless network. In this case, the concept of vertical handoff is not the handoff of IP layer but that of session layer to create new VoIP session in latency before the previous session ends. We have two kind of wireless communication network; one is all-IP and the other is CDMA cellular and assumes that the mobile node has the functionality to communicate with each other network. We certain the dynamically adjusted trigger method is better than the fixed trigger in the success of new call setup processing and the decrease of unnecessary signaling in cellular network. We think that this work is able to achieve seamless and low-cost communication between P2P VoIP and cellular network.
Functional Object-Oriented Network: Construction & Expansion (2018)

We build upon the functional object-oriented network (FOON), a structured knowledge representation which is constructed from observations of human activities and manipulations. A FOON can be used for representing object-motion affordances. Knowledge retrieval through graph search allows us to obtain novel manipulation sequences using knowledge spanning across many video sources, hence the novelty in our approach. However, we are limited to the sources collected. To further improve the performance of knowledge retrieval as a follow up to our previous work, we discuss generalizing knowledge to be applied to objects which are similar to what we have in FOON without manually annotating new sources of knowledge. We discuss two means of generalization: 1) expanding our network through the use of object similarity to create new functional units from those we already have, and 2) compressing the functional units by object categories rather than specific objects. We discuss experiments which compare the performance of our knowledge retrieval algorithm with both expansion and compression by categories.
Comprehensive Characterization of All Inorganic and Organic Components in Neutral Tin Plating Bath for Electronics Applications (2021)

Abstract Tin plating at neutral and near-neutral pH is the preferable process in the application of electronic components such as capacitors and resistors, where the chemically sensitive ceramic and glass portions can be damaged by highly acidic solutions (often used in semiconductor packaging processes). Stannous ions are not as stable at elevated pH due to oxidation and hydrolysis, and plating demands the use of a large number of additives making the process control very challenging. Various analytical techniques are developed for automatic and comprehensive characterization of all inorganic and organic bath components including simultaneous detection of conductive salt, anti-whisker and chelator by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, brightener by potentiometric titration, stannous ions by electrochemical method, and the breakdown stannic ions by spectro-titration.
Space charge neutralization by electron-transparent suspended graphene (2014)

Graphene possesses many fascinating properties originating from the manifold potential for interactions at electronic, atomic, or molecular levels. Here we report measurement of electron transparency and hole charge induction response of a suspended graphene anode on top of a void channel formed in a SiO2/Si substrate. A two-dimensional (2D) electron gas induced at the oxide interface emits into air and makes a ballistic transport toward the suspended graphene. A small fraction (>~0.1%) of impinging electrons are captured at the edge of 2D hole system in graphene, demonstrating good transparency to very low energy (<3 eV) electrons. The hole charges induced in the suspended graphene anode have the effect of neutralizing the electron space charge in the void channel. This charge compensation dramatically enhances 2D electron gas emission at cathode to the level far surpassing the Child-Langmuir's space-charge-limited emission.
Inhibition of ADAM17 impairs endothelial cell necroptosis and blocks metastasis (2021)

Metastasis is the major cause of death in cancer patients. Circulating tumor cells need to migrate through the endothelial layer of blood vessels to escape the hostile circulation and establish metastases at distant organ sites. Here, we identified the membrane-bound metalloprotease ADAM17 on endothelial cells as a key driver of metastasis. We show that TNFR1-dependent tumor cell-induced endothelial cell death, tumor cell extravasation, and subsequent metastatic seeding is dependent on the activity of endothelial ADAM17. Moreover, we reveal that ADAM17-mediated TNFR1 ectodomain shedding and subsequent processing by the γ-secretase complex is required for the induction of TNF-induced necroptosis. Consequently, genetic ablation of ADAM17 in endothelial cells as well as short-term pharmacological inhibition of ADAM17 prevents long-term metastases formation in the lung. Thus, our data identified ADAM17 as a novel essential regulator of necroptosis and as a new promising target for antimetastatic and advanced-stage cancer therapies.
Climate change going beyond dangerous - Brutal numbers and tenuous hope (2012)

The subtitle of the piece, ‘Brutal numbers and tenuous hope’, refers to the maths and the quanti!cation underpinning the analysis. The numbers are brutal and hard to accept, begging fundamental questions about how we live our lives – they are not numbers we want to hear. Translating the analysis into repercussions for society, it is evident there is now only a tenuous hope of making the substantive mitigation necessary in the rapidly diminishing time frame available.
Model-Based Design and Analysis of Permission-Based Security (2005)

To guarantee the security of computer systems, it is necessary to define security permissions to restrict the access to the systems' resources. These permissions rely on certain restrictions based on the workflows the system is designed for. It is not always easy to see if workflows and the design of the security permissions for the system fit together. We address this problem using an approach which embeds security permissions in UML models and supports model-based security analysis by providing consistency checks. The presented formal framework also prepares the ground for an automated analysis of underlying protocols for managing security-critical permissions, for example with the help of first-order logic theorem proving. We explain how the models can be securely implemented in a language such as Java.
Open-Loop Distributed Beamforming Using Scalable High Accuracy Localization (2020)

We present a distributed antenna array supporting open-loop distributed beamforming at 1.5 GHz. Based on a scalable, high-accuracy internode ranging technique, we demonstrate open-loop beamforming experiments using three transmitting nodes. To support distributed beamforming without feedback from the destination, the relative positions of the nodes in the distributed array must be known with accuracies below $λ/15$ of the beamforming carrier frequency to ensure that the array maintains at least 90\% coherent beamforming gain at the receive location. For operations in the microwave range, this leads to range estimation accuracies of centimeters or lower. We present a scalable, high-accuracy waveform and new approaches to refine range measurements to significantly improve the estimation accuracy. Using this waveform with a three-node array, we demonstrate high-accuracy ranging simultaneously between multiple nodes, from which phase corrections on two secondary nodes are implemented to maintain beamforming with the primary node, thereby supporting open-loop distributed beamforming. Upon movement of the nodes, the range estimation is used to dynamically update the phase correction, maintaining beamforming as the nodes move. We show the first open-loop distributed beamforming at 1.5 GHz with two-node and three-node arrays, demonstrating the ability to implement and maintain phase-based beamforming without feedback from the destination.
Editorial: Organometallics Is a Changin’—The What, Why, and How (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditor's PageNEXTEditorial: Organometallics Is a Changin'—The What, Why, and HowPaul J. ChirikView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United StatesCite this: Organometallics 2015, 34, 13, 3097–3098Publication Date (Web):July 13, 2015Publication History Published online13 July 2015Published inissue 13 July 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00526https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00526editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1442Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (449 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Organometallic chemistry,Quality management,Students Get e-Alerts
Effects of photodynamic treatment on mesenteric microvessels (2018)

The photobiostimulation of rat microvessels caused by laser irradiation (λ = 532; 635 H 662 nm) and influence of photoactivated photosensitizers (Bengal Rose, Radachlorin, Coproporphyrin) on microvessel blood flow velocity are studied.
Learning Stable Multilevel Dictionaries for Sparse Representation of Images (2013)

Dictionaries adapted to the data provide superior performance when compared to predefined dictionaries in applications involving sparse representations. Algorithmic stability and generalization are desirable characteristics for dictionary learning algorithms that aim to build global dictionaries which can efficiently model any test data similar to the training samples. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to learn dictionaries for sparse representation of image patches, and prove that the proposed learning algorithm is stable and generalizable asymptotically. The algorithm employs a 1-D subspace clustering procedure, the K-lines clustering, in order to learn a hierarchical dictionary with multiple levels. Furthermore, we propose a regularized pursuit scheme for computing sparse representations using a multilevel dictionary. Using simulations, we demonstrate the stability and generalization characteristics of the proposed algorithm with natural image patches. Finally, we employ multilevel dictionaries for compressed recovery and demonstrate improvements in recovery performance using both random and optimized projections when compared to baseline K-SVD dictionaries.
A Comparison of 1D-3D Co-Simulation and Transient 3D Simulation for EGR Distribution Studies (2016)

Computational modeling, an important task for design, research and development stages, is evolving fast with the increase of computational capabilities over the last decades. One-dimensional (1D) CFD simulation is commonly used to analyze the flow rates and pressures of an entire fluid system of interconnected parts such as pipes, junctions, valves, and pumps. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D) CFD simulation allows detailed modeling of components such as manifolds, heat exchangers, and combustion cylinders where the flow contains significant 3D effects. Coupling a 1D model with a 3D domain potentially offers the benefits of both simulation strategies in one co-simulation approach. The present study provides a deep understanding of the co-simulation approach by listing all necessary steps need to be followed before and during the coupling of the 1D and 3D simulation software. It analyses the simulation and convergence time requirements based on the 3D model mesh quality and compares this approach with the current 1D–3D uncoupled approach followed in the industry. The outputs of both simulation approaches are then compared with experimental results. The co-simulation time mainly depends on the mesh quality of the 3D domain and the number of inner iterations per time-step which is entirely determined by the nature and complexity of the simulation. The co-simulation time per engine cycle is almost identical to the uncoupled approach. However, it was found that the number of cycles required for convergence in the coupled approach is nearly double than the uncoupled approach. The comparison between the two simulation approaches and the experimental results demonstrated the very 3D nature of the flows, the sensitivity of the uncoupled approach to input conditions and the sensitivity of co-simulation to the averaged boundary conditions transferred from the 1D model back to the 3D domain.
Deformity and Degeneration in the Hindfoot and Midfoot Joints of the Adult Acquired Flatfoot (2003)

Adult acquired flatfoot is generally characterized by loss of the longitudinal arch, hindfoot valgus, and forefoot abduction, but the precise deformity has not been adequately described at the level of individual joints. Simulated weightbearing CT scans and plain radiographs of 37 symptomatic flat feet were examined in this study. The degree of arthritic degeneration was assessed in the major hindfoot and midfoot joints, and the location of deformity was studied along the medial column of the arch. Moderate to severe degeneration was seen in about one-third of talonavicular, subtalar, and calcaneocuboid joints. The medial column of the arch collapsed through the talonavicular joint in some feet, through the medial naviculocuneiform joint in others, but rarely through both. First tarsometatarsal joint subluxation was a frequent finding as well. In this small series, neither the degree of degenerative arthritis nor the amount of joint deformity was seen to correlate with patient age. Furthermore, no correlation was observed between foot deformity and joint degeneration.
Joint Channel Selection and Spatial Reuse for Starvation Mitigation in IEEE 802.11ax WLANs (2019)

Starvation problems in a dense IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) seriously degrade fairness among links in the network. Some transmitters enjoy the full opportunities to access their channels, while others have very few opportunities to transmit, especially when network traffic is saturated. This paper focuses on the joint channel selection and spatial reuse problems in IEEE 802.11ax WLANs. Our main objective is to improve throughput while mitigating starvation. We formulate a non-cooperative game and proved it to be an exact potential game (EPG). We design a joint channel selection and spatial reuse algorithm with only local information exchange, based on the proposed game model. Convergence of the proposed algorithm is guaranteed by the property of potential games when unilateral improvement dynamics is used as a learning algorithm.
2303 On the Wheel/Rail Contact Model in the Analysis of Railroad Vehicle Systems (2008)

In this investigation, contact search algorithms for the analysis of wheel/rail contact problems are discussed and the on-line and off-line hybrid contact search method is developed for multibody railroad vehicle dynamics simulations using the elastic contact formulation. In the hybrid algorithm developed in this investigation, the off-line search that can be effectively used for the tread contact is switched to the on-line search when the contact point is jumped to the flange region. By so doing, the on-line detection of the second point of contact at one-point contact configurations can be replaced with a simple table look-up. It is demonstrated by several numerical examples that the proposed hybrid contact search algorithm can be effectively used for modeling wheel/rail contacts in the analysis of general multibody railroad vehicle dynamics.
Design and Evaluation of Ionic Liquids as Novel CO2 Absorbents (2005)

in a functionalized ionic liquid containing an amine group. These so-called task specific ionic liquids (TSILs) are expected to have dramatically higher CO{sub 2} solubility than physical absorbents. We report isotherms as well as entropies and enthalpies of absorption for CO{sub 2} in one TSIL. CO{sub 2} solubilities are higher in this compound than in any previous IL we have observed. Finally, we also developed a new simulation method that will enable us to compute full isotherms of gases in ionic liquids. So far, we have tested the method against model systems and found it to be highly effective.
Semantic photo synthesis (2007)

Composite images are synthesized from existing photographs by artists who make concept art, e.g. storyboards for movies or architectural planning. Current techniques allow an artist to fabricate such an image by digitally splicing parts of stock photographs. While these images serve mainly to "quickly" convey how a scene should look, their production is laborious. We propose a technique that allows a person to design a new photograph with substantially less effort. This paper presents a method that generates a composite image when a user types in nouns, such as "boat" and "sand." The artist can optionally design an intended image by specifying other constraints. Our algorithm formulates the constraints as queries to search an automatically annotated image database. The desired photograph, not a collage, is then synthesized using graph-cut optimization, optionally allowing for further user interaction to edit or choose among alternative generated photos. Our results demonstrate our contributions of (1) a method of creating specific images with minimal human effort, and (2) a combined algorithm for automatically building an image library with semantic annotations from any photo collection.
In the Cage (1898) (2009)

In James’s story, the unnamed protagonist is engaged to Mr Mudge, a grocer. When she marries, she will be leaving her office and going to live in Chalk Farm. Because telegraphy offers contact with upper-class clients and stimulates her imagination, she is not looking forward...
A new approach for extracting texture features to aid detection of explosive hazards using synthetic aperture acoustic sensing (2017)

Objects imaged in synthetic aperture acoustic data have a unique appearance. Due to this, we propose that examining the texture between targets and non-targets will prove more descriptive and improve classification performance. A few common texture feature extraction methods are those derived from grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), local binary patterns (LBP), and local directional patterns (LDP). LDP uses a set of filters to measure the local directional response around each pixel and then builds a binary code like LBP. The feature vector is a histogram of those binary codes. However, the set of filters used may not be the optimal set needed to achieve the best classification accuracy and a binary coding may not be the best aggregation method. In this paper, we apply known sets of two-dimensional filters, not necessarily directional, as well as develop a new approach to aggregation. Different filter sets provide the algorithm with a broader description beyond the direction of edges and thus better representation of texture. A more complex aggregation method allows more information retention in the feature vector. These modifications, to the existing LDP algorithm, will allow classifiers to more accurately distinguish between the textures of targets and non-targets. A support vector machine (SVM) helps evaluate the performance of the new feature extraction method and compare its performance to other common extraction methods on data collected at a US Army test site. This will be used to build an online classifier system for testing on lane-based data.
Precipitation of Curcuminoids from Hydrotrope Solution: Crystal Nucleation and Growth Kinetics from Batch Experiments (2003)

Precipitation kinetics of curcuminoids from aqueous hydrotropic solutions of sodium cumene sulfonate was investigated in a laboratory‐scale agitated vessel using acidic water (pH 3) as a precipitant. The time evolution of the crystal size distribution was used to deduce simultaneously the crystal growth kinetics. The transient population density curves were measured by a Coulter counter light scattering unit. The kinetic data from the experimental runs were correlated by a power law relative kinetic expression. Crystallization experiments using hydrotropic extracts of turmeric were also performed to compare the results with pure curcuminoids in the hydrotrope solutions. The results indicate slow crystal growth and thus formation of very fine crystals of curcuminoids in the range of 1 to 100 µm.