gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the optical detection in a polymer-fabricated microfluidic manifold for the determination of phosphorus (2003)

Many microfluidic systems have been designed, fabricated and applied to a variety of different analyses in silicon. In recent years attention has turned to polymer fabrication for a number well-documented reasons. The three major advantages of polymer fabrication that have sparked this trend include rapid prototyping, the availability of cheap starting materials and the abundance of polymers with different chemical, physical, electrical and mechanical properties to suit every application. Laser micro machining was chosen for the fabrication of the microfluidic components in this prototype system presented here and polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA as the polymer substrate. The three-layered microfluidic chip was bonded with an applied force at elevated temperatures and leak-free fluidic interconnects were designed. The chosen application for this device is a simple stopped flow measurement in the determination of phosphorus in natural waters. The colorimetric method chosen was based in the formation of the yellow vanadomolybdophosphoric heteropoly acid complex in the presence of inorganic orthophosphate ion in water. Optical detection below 400 nm was achieved with a UV-LED as light source. The optical alignment of the UV-LED through the microfluidic chip at the optical cuvette and the overall integration of the optical components into the manifold were described here.
Stabilization of the Elusive 9‐Carbene‐9‐Borafluorene Monoanion (2021)

Abstract Two‐electron reduction of carbene‐supported 9‐bromo‐9‐borafluorenes with excess KC 8 , Na, or Li‐naphthalenide affords six N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐ or cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC)‐stabilized borafluorene anions ( 3 – 8 )‐the first isolated and structurally authenticated examples of the elusive 9‐carbene‐9‐borafluorene monoanion. The electronic structure, bonding, and aromaticity of the boracyclic anions were comprehensively investigated via computational studies. Compounds 5 and 8 react with metal halides via salt elimination to give new B‐E (E=Au, Se, Ge)‐containing materials ( 9 – 12 ). Upon reaction with diketones, the carbene ligand cleanly dissociates from 5 or 8 to yield new B‐O containing spirocycles ( 13 – 14 ) that cannot be easily obtained using “normal” valent borafluorene compounds. Collectively, these results support the notion that carbene‐stabilized monoanionic borafluorenes may serve as a new platform for the one‐step construction of higher‐value boracyclic materials.
Stress-induced transcriptional activation (1995)

Living cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, employ specific sensory and signalling systems to obtain and transmit information from their environment in order to adjust cellular metabolism, growth, and development to environmental alterations. Among external factors that trigger such molecular communications are nutrients, ions, drugs and other compounds, and physical parameters such as temperature and pressure. One could consider stress imposed on cells as any disturbance of the normal growth condition and even as any deviation from optimal growth circumstances. It may be worthwhile to distinguish specific and general stress circumstances. Reasoning from this angle, the extensively studied response to heat stress on the one hand is a specific response of cells challenged with supra-optimal temperatures. This response makes use of the sophisticated chaperoning mechanisms playing a role during normal protein folding and turnover. The response is aimed primarily at protection and repair of cellular components and partly at acquisition of heat tolerance. In addition, heat stress conditions induce a general response, in common with other metabolically adverse circumstances leading to physiological perturbations, such as oxidative stress or osmostress. Furthermore, it is obvious that limitation of essential nutrients, such as glucose or amino acids for yeasts, leads to such a metabolic response. The purpose of the general response may be to promote rapid recovery from the stressful condition and resumption of normal growth. This review focuses on the changes in gene expression that occur when cells are challenged by stress, with major emphasis on the transcription factors involved, their cognate promoter elements, and the modulation of their activity upon stress signal transduction. With respect to heat shock-induced changes, a wealth of information on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, including yeasts, is available. As far as the concept of the general (metabolic) stress response is concerned, major attention will be paid to Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Oncogene expression in human leukemia (1984)

The transforming genes of retroviruses (v-onc) are derived from normal cellular genes referred to as proto-oncogenes. These cellular genes have the capacity for conversion to oncogenes (c-onc) that are capable of inducing or maintaining the transformed state when they are overly expressed or altered by mutation or rearrangement. To study the possible involvement of these genes in human leukemia, we have analyzed their expression in a variety of fresh samples. We found that a number of oncogenes are expressed in different leukemic types and that although the transcript size did not vary for each gene, the copy number did. The myc gene (2.4 kb transcript) and the rasHa gene (1.5 kb transcript) were universally expressed. But in contrast to rasHa, the myc signal intensity varied. Myb (4.5 kb transcript) was expressed in all samples except B cell diseases. We detected low levels of abl expression (multiple mRNA species) in all leukemic types analyzed. Sis gene (4.2 kb transcript) expression was restricted to one patient sample with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast transformation.
Structural and Functional Characteristics of Mitral Paravalvular Leakage Identified by Multimodal Imaging and Their Implication on Clinical Presentation (2021)

Characteristics of mitral PVL and adjacent structures are associated with the severity of hemolysis and pulmonary hypertension. Evaluating the structural and functional characteristics of mitral PVL by complementary multimodal imaging would be important for understanding the clinical presentation and deciding optimal treatments for individual patients.
Secure Proxy ND Support for SEND (2008)

Secure Neighbor Discovery (SEND) specifies a method for securing
Neighbor Discovery (ND) signaling against specific threats. As
specified today, SEND assumes that the node advertising an address is
the owner of the address and is in possession of the private key used
to generate the digital signature on the message. This means that the
Proxy ND signaling initiated by nodes that do not possess knowledge of
the address owner's private key cannot be secured using SEND. This
document extends the current SEND specification with support for Proxy
ND, the Secure Proxy ND Support for SEND.
Permeability barrier dysfunction in transgenic mice overexpressing claudin 6 (2002)

A defective epidermal permeability barrier (EPB) in premature birth remains a leading cause of neonatal death as a result of its associated complications, which include poor temperature stability, infection by micro-organisms through the skin, and the outflow of water. Despite its importance in survival, the mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of the EPB are not well understood. To address the possibility that claudins, a new superfamily of tight junctional molecules, are involved, we engineered transgenic mice with claudin 6 (Cldn6) overexpressed via the involucrin (Inv) promoter. Interestingly, the Inv-Cldn6 transgenic animals die within 2 days of birth, apparently due to the lack of an intact EPB as evidenced by increased water loss and the penetration of X-gal through the skin. Barrier dysfunction was manifested biochemically by the aberrant expression of late epidermal differentiation markers, including K1, filaggrin, loricrin, transglutaminase 3, involucrin, repetin, members of the SPRR family and the transcriptional regulator Klf4. The overall claudin profile of the epidermis was also modified. Our data suggest that repetin and SPRR1A and 2A are downregulated in response to the downregulation of Klf4 in the transgenic animals, which would contribute to decreased protein crossbridging leading to fragile, defective cornified envelopes. These results provide new insights into the role of claudin 6 in epithelial differentiation and EPB formation. In addition, the epidermal phenotype of these transgenic mice, which is very reminiscent of that in pre-term infant skin, suggest that they will be an important and novel model for studies on human premature EPB-related morbidity.
The Best Interests of the Child? Is the Best Interests of the Child in the Best Interests of Children? (1997)

The writings of Goldstein, Freud and Solnit, particularly some of the concepts they developed, have exercised a profound influence on our thinking about children. A new, revamped, final, authoritative edition presents the opportunity for critical re-assessment. The author finds a partial analytical framework, a dated image of children, a narrow concept of children's rights, triggers for intervention which leave children dangerously exposed and, above all, a sense diat events have moved on leaving the most influential text of this generation firmly rooted in the ideas, problems and concepts of the last. The publication in one revised volume of the landmark trilogy of &lt;it&gt;Beyond, Before&lt;/it&gt; and &lt;it&gt;In&lt;/it&gt;1 provides an excuse, if one were needed, to assess the impact and re-evaluate the arguments contained within the three monographs and now compressed and updated. Whether or not one agrees with all, or even any, of the ideas contained within &lt;it&gt;Best Interests&lt;/it&gt; (as I shall now call the collection), and I shall criticize both applications and implications, the concepts have impressed themselves, perhaps indelibly, on our thinking about children. Like it or not, anyone thinking about child law or policy, the relation between parents and children, the state and family, has to grapple with concepts like ‘least detrimental alternative’, the ‘psychological parent’, a child's sense of time and others of the rich ideas which permeate &lt;it&gt;Best Interests&lt;/it&gt;.2
Androgen regulation of the retinoic acid biosynthesis‐related aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 gene in the human prostate cancer cell LNCaP (2007)

Previous gene array data from our laboratory identified the retinoic acid (RA) biosynthesis enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) as a putative androgen‐responsive gene in prostate cancer epithelial cells (LNCaP). In the present study we attempted to identify if any of the three ALDH/RA synthesis enzymes are androgen responsive and how this may affect retinoid‐mediated events in LNCaP cells. We demonstrated that exposure of LNCaP cells to the androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) resulted in a five‐fold increase of ALDH1A3 mRNA levels compared to the untreated controls. The mRNA for two other ALDH1A family members, ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A2, were not detected and not induced by DHT in LNCaP cells. Inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) with both the anti‐androgen Casodex and small interfering RNA (siRNA) for AR, support the premise that ALDH1A3 regulation by DHT is mediated by AR. Consistently, DHT‐treated LNCaP cell lysates showed an eight‐fold increase in retinaldehyde‐dependent NAD+ reduction activity compared to controls. Furthermore, treatment of LNCaP cells with all trans‐retinal (RAL) in the presence of DHT resulted in a significant up‐regulation of the RA‐inducible RA metabolizing enzyme CYP26A1 mRNA, a surrogate endpoint for RA bioactivity and metabolism. Taken together, these data suggest that: androgen regulation of the ALDH1A3 gene is via direct action through the AR, and DHT up‐regulation of ALDH1A3 can increase the oxidation of RAL to RA and indirectly affect RA bioactivity and metabolism.
Mechanisms Responsible for Catalysis of the Inhibition of Factor Xa or Thrombin by Antithrombin Using a Covalent Antithrombin-Heparin Complex (2003)

Covalent antithrombin-heparin (ATH) complexes, formed spontaneously between antithrombin (AT) and unfractionated standard heparin (H), have a potent ability to catalyze the inhibition of factor Xa (or thrombin) by added AT. Although approximately 30% of ATH molecules contain two AT-binding sites on their heparin chains, the secondary site does not solely account for the increased activity of ATH. We studied the possibility that all pentasaccharide AT-binding sequences in ATH may catalyze factor Xa inhibition. Chromatography of ATH on Sepharose-AT resulted in >80% binding of the load. Similar chromatographies of non-covalent AT + H mixtures lead to a lack of binding for AT and fractionation of H into unbound (separate from AT) or bound material. Gradient elution of ATH from Sepharose-AT gave 2 peaks, a peak containing higher affinity material that had greater anti-factor Xa catalytic activity (708 units/mg heparin) compared with the peak containing lower affinity material (112 units/mg). Sepharose-AT chromatography of the ATH component with short heparin chains (<or=12 monosaccharides) resulted in active unbound (40%) and bound fractions (190 and 560 units/mg, respectively). Factor Xa-ATH or thrombin-ATH inhibitor complexes gave chromatograms on Sepharose-AT with more unbound material compared with that of free ATH. Also, ATH did not bind to Sepharose-heparin, and the intrinsic fluorescence due to activation of AT in ATH by its heparin chain was reversed at higher [NaCl] than that required to dissociate non-covalent AT.H complexes. Thus, exogenous AT can compete with the AT moiety of ATH for binding to the covalently linked heparin chain, leading to catalytic inhibition of factor Xa or thrombin. These data may suggest that access to pentasaccharide units in non-covalent AT.H complexes by free AT may be facile.
Protective effects of combining monoclonal antibodies and vaccines against the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (2021)

Combinations of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against different epitopes on the same antigen synergistically neutralize many viruses. However, there are limited studies assessing whether combining human mAbs against distinct regions of the Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) circumsporozoite protein (CSP) enhances in vivo protection against malaria compared to each mAb alone or whether passive transfer of PfCSP mAbs would improve protection following vaccination against PfCSP. Here, we isolated a panel of human mAbs against the subdominant C-terminal domain of PfCSP (C-CSP) from a volunteer immunized with radiation-attenuated Pf sporozoites. These C-CSP-specific mAbs had limited binding to sporozoites in vitro that was increased by combination with neutralizing human "repeat" mAbs against the NPDP/NVDP/NANP tetrapeptides in the central repeat region of PfCSP. Nevertheless, passive transfer of repeat- and C-CSP-specific mAb combinations did not provide enhanced protection against in vivo sporozoite challenge compared to repeat mAbs alone. Furthermore, combining potent repeat-specific mAbs (CIS43, L9, and 317) that respectively target the three tetrapeptides (NPDP/NVDP/NANP) did not provide additional protection against in vivo sporozoite challenge. However, administration of either CIS43, L9, or 317 (but not C-CSP-specific mAbs) to mice that had been immunized with R21, a PfCSP-based virus-like particle vaccine that induces polyclonal antibodies against the repeat region and C-CSP, provided enhanced protection against sporozoite challenge when compared to vaccine or mAbs alone. Collectively, this study shows that while combining mAbs against the repeat and C-terminal regions of PfCSP provide no additional protection in vivo, repeat mAbs do provide increased protection when combined with vaccine-induced polyclonal antibodies. These data should inform the implementation of PfCSP human mAbs alone or following vaccination to prevent malaria infection.
Isolation of Marine Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)-Degrading Cycloclasticus Strains from the Gulf of Mexico and Comparison of Their PAH Degradation Ability with That of Puget Sound Cycloclasticus Strains (1998)

Phenanthrene- and naphthalene-degrading bacteria were isolated from four offshore and nearshore locations in the Gulf of Mexico by using a modified most-probable-number technique. The concentrations of these bacteria ranged from 10(2) to 10(6) cells per ml of wet surficial sediment in mildly contaminated and noncontaminated sediments. A total of 23 strains of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria were obtained. Based on partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequences and phenotypic characteristics, these 23 strains are members of the genus Cycloclasticus. Three representatives were chosen for a complete phylogenetic analysis, which confirmed the close relationship of these isolates to type strain Cycloclasticus pugetii PS-1, which was isolated from Puget Sound. PAH substrate utilization tests which included high-molecular-weight PAHs revealed that these isolates had similar, broad substrate ranges which included naphthalene, substituted naphthalenes, phenanthrene, biphenyl, anthracene, acenaphthene, and fluorene. Degradation of pyrene and fluoranthene occurred only when the strains were incubated with phenanthrene. Two distinct partial PAH dioxygenase iron sulfur protein (ISP) gene sequences were PCR amplified from Puget Sound and Gulf of Mexico Cycloclasticus strains. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences revealed that one ISP type is related to the bph type of ISP sequences, while the other ISP type is related to the nah type of ISP sequences. The predicted ISP amino acid sequences for the Gulf of Mexico and Puget Sound strains are identical, which supports the hypothesis that these geographically separated isolates are closely related phylogentically. Cycloclasticus species appear to be numerically important and widespread PAH-degrading bacteria in both Puget Sound and the Gulf of Mexico.
Investigations on BaTh0.9Gd0.1 O 3 as an Intermediate Temperature Fuel Cell Solid Electrolyte (1992)

The perovskite solid electrolyte incorporated into fuel cells possessing the general configuration , has been studied. Ionic conductivity was found to progressively increase by ≅30% upon passage of current through cells for over a day, with values up to being found at 550°C. During this same time, activation energy for ionic transport decreased from ≅0.6 eV to ≅0.4 eV and appeared to coincide with a lattice phase change from cubic to orthorhombic. This latter observation may have been a consequence of introduced lattice protons during fuel cell operation. for ionic conduction was in general agreement with predictions between and calculated lattice 'free volumes' for this material. Evidence suggests this solid electrolyte to be predominantly a proton conductor at intermediate temperatures.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene) (2008)

The first highly conductive polyselenophene, namely, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene) (PEDOS), was synthesized by taking advantage of a novel method for efficiently contracting the selenophene ring. PEDOS shows a relatively low band gap (1.4 eV), very high stability in the oxidized state, and a well-defined spectroelectrochemistry.
Drinking Water Temperature and Potassium Chloride Supplementation Effects on Broiler Body Temperature and Performance During Heat Stress (1994)

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of drinking water temperature and KCl supplementation on broiler performance during cycling temperature heat stress. Drenching birds with 12.8°C water reduced body temperature at a6 min post-drenching for 37°C (43 vs. 43.5), but not 24°C (43.5 vs. 43.5) exposed birds. Feed consumption and body weight gain improved as drinking water temperature declined from 43.3 to 10°C. Potassium chloride supplementation increased feed consumption and weight gain of birds offered cold water (P < .05). However, KCl supplementation of warm drinking water had no beneficial effect on feed consumption or weight gain. Body temperature rise during heat stress exposure was less (P < .05) for 10 vs. 43.3°C drinking water temperature and drinking water heat sink potential was positively correlated (P < .09) with gain, feed consumption, and gain/feed ratio.
Ferroelectric Properties of Paramagnetic, All‐Organic, Chiral Nitroxyl Radical Liquid Crystals (2006)

Paramagnetic, purely organic, chiral liquid crystals showing a thermally stable smectic C* phase with low viscosity over a wide temperature range (between 50 and 90 °C) have been successfully prepared for the first time. Their ferroelectric properties have been characterized by measuring the spontaneous polarization, the optical response time of bistable switching under an applied electric field, and the tilt angle. The Figure shows the broken fan-shaped texture of the SmC* phase of (2S,5S)-2c at 80.0 °C. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2006/c1531_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Cam and Pincer Femoroacetabular Impingement: Characteristic MR Arthrographic Findings in 50 Patients (2006)

Characteristic MR arthrographic findings of cam FAI include large alpha angles and cartilage lesions at the anterosuperior position and osseous bump formation at the femoral neck; characteristic findings of pincer FAI include a deep acetabulum and posteroinferior cartilage lesions.
Sepsis in European intensive care units: Results of the SOAP study* (2006)

This large pan-European study documents the high frequency of sepsis in critically ill patients and shows a close relationship between the proportion of patients with sepsis and the intensive care unit mortality in the various countries. In addition to age, a positive fluid balance was among the strongest prognostic factors for death. Patients with intensive care unit acquired sepsis have a worse outcome despite similar severity scores on intensive care unit admission.
Remarkable Capacity Retention of Nanostructured Manganese Oxide upon Cycling as an Electrode Material for Supercapacitor (2009)

Electrochemical capacity retention of nearly X-ray amorphous nanostructured manganese oxide (nanoMnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) synthesized by mixing directly KMnO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; with ethylene glycol under ambient conditions for supercapacitor studies is enhanced significantly. Although X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of nanoMnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; shows poor crystallinity, it is found that by Mn K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurement that the nanoMnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; obtained is locally arranged in a δ-MnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-type layered structure composed of edge-shared network of MnO&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; octahedra. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and XANES measurements show that nanoMnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; contains nearly spherical shaped morphology with δ-MnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; structure, and 1D nanorods of α-MnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; type structure (powder XRD) in the annealed (600 °C) sample. Volumetric nitrogen adsorption−desorption isotherms, inductively coupled plasma analysis, and thermal analysis are carried out to obtain physicochemical properties such as surface area (230 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; g&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), porosity of nanoMnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (secondary mesopores of diameter 14.5 nm), water content, composition, etc., which lead to the promising electrochemical properties as an electrode for supercapacitor. The nanoMnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; shows a very high stability even after 1200 cycles with capacity retention of about 250 F g&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;.