gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
E-commerce practices in the Arabian Gulf GCC business culture: utilisation and outcomes patterns (2007)

With the growth of e-commerce related activities and practices in recent years, the role of culture in promoting such growth has been brought to question. Cultures that tend to foster e-commerce practices have been labelled as e-cultures. In contrast, cultures that hinder e-commerce growth have been labelled as traditional cultures. Most of our knowledge related to e-commerce applications and frameworks for implementation is based on studies from e-cultures. The study, at hand, examines e-commerce activities and practices in the traditional Arab culture. The results obtained from this study tended to be similar to the results obtained from the US e-culture. Thus, the growth of, or lack of, e-commerce may not be explained solely based on cultural factors. Perhaps, other factors such as informational infrastructure may be more relevant in explaining the acceptability and growth of e-commerce than the cultural context. Research examining the impact of these factors on e-commerce growth is needed towards establishing frameworks for the implementation of e-commerce and guidelines for managers in a global context.
Gamma-Glutamyltransferase in pulmonary hypertension: A reliable biomarker? (2020)

<b>Introduction:</b> γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a cardiac biomarker. GGT is elevated during oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Interestingly, different pulmonary cells are producers of GGT leading to the hypothesis that GGT is a biomarker in pulmonary vascular diseases as pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the relevance of GGT in PH is unknown. <b>Methods:</b> We retrospectively analyzed 411 incident patients with PH (PAH and CTEPH) and 270 patients with invasively excluded PH. GGT and BNP were considered for risk stratification. External validation was done in a second cohort of patients. <b>Results:</b> Prevalence of elevated GGT is significantly increased in patients with PH (53% vs 26%, p&lt;0.01). GGT correlated with severity of PH since patients in higher ESC/ERS risk classes showed higher GGT levels (41±44 vs 96±110 vs 127±143, p&lt;0.01). Concordantly, GGT tertials predicted mortality at baseline (5-year survival of tertials: 72% (low), 70% (intermediate), 60% (high), log-rank=0.07). Patients who changed into or remained in the low-tertial during follow-up showed higher survival rates than those who remained in higher tertials (5-year survival: 68% (remained or reached low-tertial) vs 56% (higher tertial), log-rank=0.02). During follow-up, GGT significantly predicted mortality (5-year survival: 68% (low), 60% (intermediate), 52% (high), log-rank=0.02). Multivariate cox-regression revealed that GGT and BNP are independent predictors of mortality during follow-up (HR per unit increase: 1.002, p=0.01 (GGT); 1.001, p&lt;0.01 (BNP)). <b>Conclusion:</b> Overall, GGT is a reliable and cost-efficient biomarker in PH. Therefore, GGT is a good alternative for BNP during common follow-up.
Decoupled estimation of DOA and angular spread for a spatially distributed source (2000)

In mobile communications, local scattering in the vicinity of the mobile results in angular spreading as seen from a base station antenna array. In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the parameters [direction-of-arrival (DOA) and angular spread] of a spatially distributed source, using a uniform linear array (ULA). A two-step procedure enabling decoupling the estimation of DOA from that of the angular spread is proposed. This method combines a covariance matching algorithm with the use of the extended invariance principle (EXIP). More exactly, the first step makes use of an unstructured model for the part of the covariance matrix that depends on the angular spread. Then, the solution is refined by invoking EXIP. Instead of a 2-D search, the proposed scheme requires two successive 1-D searches. Additionally, the DOA estimate is robust to mismodeling the spatial distribution of the scatterers. A statistical analysis is carried out, and a formula for the asymptotic variance of the estimates is derived. Numerical examples illustrate the performance of the method.
Reduced Loss and Prevention of Substrate Modes with a Novel Coplanar Waveguide Based on Gap Waveguide Technology (2023)

The Gap Waveguide technology utilizes an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) to prevent the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves under certain conditions, resulting in various gap waveguide configurations. In this study, a novel combination of Gap Waveguide technology and the traditional coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line is introduced, analyzed, and demonstrated experimentally for the first time. This new line is referred to as GapCPW. Closed-form expressions for its characteristic impedance and effective permittivity are derived using traditional conformal mapping techniques. Eigenmode simulations using finite-element analysis are then performed to assess its low dispersion and loss characteristics. The proposed line demonstrates an effective suppression of the substrate modes in fractional bandwidths up to 90%. In addition, simulations show that a reduction of up to 20% of the dielectric loss can be achieved with respect to the traditional CPW. These features depend on the dimensions of the line. The paper concludes with the fabrication of a prototype and validation of the simulation results in the W band (75-110 GHz).
Travel time prediction for urban arterial road (2004)

Based on the relative relationship of the traffic volume of segments on the urban road network, we studied the optimal space distribution of detectors with statistic analysis techniques. Then we proposed the criteria of installing detectors on the urban roads, on the other hand, we predicted and checked out the non-detectors segment travel time using neural network technique of mix-structure algorithm with the data of the road network of Changchun City, China. The research gives a way to solve the optimal space distribution of detectors on urban arterial road and non-detected segment travel time prediction with detected segment traffic information.
The Growth Hormone Affects the Brain Protein Synthesis Rate in Hypophysectomized Aged Rats (2008)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the growth hormone (GH) affects the rate of brain protein synthesis in hypophysectomized aged rats. Experiments were conducted on three groups of 24-wk-old male rats: group 1 were hypophysectomized to reduce the level of plasma GH, group 2 were hypophysectomized and treated with GH and group 3 were sham-operated controls. The fractional rates of protein synthesis in the brains of hypophysectomized rats with GH were significantly greater than those in hypophysectomized rats without GH. In the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, the RNA activity [g protein synthesized/(g RNA.d)] significantly correlated with the fractional rate of protein synthesis (r>0.88, p<0.001). The RNA concentration (mg RNA/ g protein) was also related to the fractional rate of protein synthesis in these organs (r>0.56, p<0.05). The results suggest that the treatment of GH to hypophysectomized aged rats is likely to increase the rate of protein synthesis in the brain, and that RNA activity is at least partly related to the fractional rate of brain protein synthesis.
Bayesian Image Reconstruction using Deep Generative Models (2020)

Machine learning models are commonly trained end-to-end and in a supervised setting, using paired (input, output) data. Examples include recent super-resolution methods that train on pairs of (low-resolution, high-resolution) images. However, these end-to-end approaches require re-training every time there is a distribution shift in the inputs (e.g., night images vs daylight) or relevant latent variables (e.g., camera blur or hand motion). In this work, we leverage state-of-the-art (SOTA) generative models (here StyleGAN2) for building powerful image priors, which enable application of Bayes' theorem for many downstream reconstruction tasks. Our method, Bayesian Reconstruction through Generative Models (BRGM), uses a single pre-trained generator model to solve different image restoration tasks, i.e., super-resolution and in-painting, by combining it with different forward corruption models. We keep the weights of the generator model fixed, and reconstruct the image by estimating the Bayesian maximum a-posteriori (MAP) estimate over the input latent vector that generated the reconstructed image. We further use variational inference to approximate the posterior distribution over the latent vectors, from which we sample multiple solutions. We demonstrate BRGM on three large and diverse datasets: (i) 60,000 images from the Flick Faces High Quality dataset (ii) 240,000 chest X-rays from MIMIC III and (iii) a combined collection of 5 brain MRI datasets with 7,329 scans. Across all three datasets and without any dataset-specific hyperparameter tuning, our simple approach yields performance competitive with current task-specific state-of-the-art methods on super-resolution and in-painting, while being more generalisable and without requiring any training. Our source code and pre-trained models are available online: https://razvanmarinescu.github.io/brgm/.
Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Trifluoromethyl Amines via Biocatalytic N–H Bond Insertion with Acceptor-Acceptor Carbene Donors (2022)

The biocatalytic toolbox has recently been expanded to include enzyme-catalyzed carbene transfer reactions not occurring in Nature. Herein, we report the development of a biocatalytic strategy for the synthesis of enantioenriched α-trifluoromethyl amines through an asymmetric N-H carbene insertion reaction catalyzed by engineered variants of cytochrome <i>c</i><sub><i>552</i></sub> from <i>Hydrogenobacter thermophilus</i>. Using a combination of protein and substrate engineering, this metalloprotein scaffold was redesigned to enable the synthesis of chiral α-trifluoromethyl amino esters with up to >99% yield and 95:5 er using benzyl 2-diazotrifluoropropanoate as the carbene donor. When the diazo reagent was varied, the enantioselectivity of the enzyme could be inverted to produce the opposite enantiomers of these products with up to 99.5:0.5 er. This methodology is applicable to a broad range of aryl amine substrates, and it can be leveraged to obtain chemoenzymatic access to enantioenriched β-trifluoromethyl-β-amino alcohols and halides. Computational analyses provide insights into the interplay of protein- and reagent-mediated control on the enantioselectivity of this reaction. This work introduces the first example of a biocatalytic N-H carbenoid insertion with an acceptor-acceptor carbene donor, and it offers a biocatalytic solution for the enantioselective synthesis of α-trifluoromethylated amines as valuable synthons for medicinal chemistry and the synthesis of bioactive molecules.
Active full-length DNA Aβ42 immunization in 3xTg-AD mice reduces not only amyloid deposition but also tau pathology (2018)

The significance of these findings is that DNA Aβ<sub>42</sub> trimer immunotherapy targets two major pathologies in AD-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles-in one vaccine without inducing inflammatory T-cell responses, which carry the danger of autoimmune inflammation, as found in a clinical trial using active Aβ<sub>42</sub> peptide immunization in patients with AD (AN1792).
Relationship between intraocular lens biomaterials and posterior capsule opacification (1998)

Intraocular lenses made from AcrySof were associated with a significantly reduced degree of PCO.
Origins (2020)

Abstract This chapter discusses the history of human capital theory. Before the mid-twentieth century the idea of human capital had a checkered history. Ideas linking the role of human labor to wealth creation can be traced to the works of Aristotle, Ibn Khaldun, and Thomas Aquinas. The chapter examines the ideas posed by notable economic theorists and thinkers such as Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Theodore Schultz, and Gary Becker. It shows how the ideas developed by these thinkers extended to a wide range of issues concerning the relationship between education and the labor market. In turn, they were able to influence policy in such powerful ways that their legacy remains. Above all, their influence shaped the way education is viewed in many countries: as an investment in the economic fortunes of the individual and the nation. This view gradually emerged as the dominant one, but was triumphantly sealed by the advent of neoliberalism in the 1980s.
Cell cycle arrest and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation by the p16INK4 gene mediated by an adenovirus vector. (1995)

The p16INK4 (MTS1) gene has many features of a tumor suppressor gene. It maps to 9p21, a region of frequent loss of heterozygosity in a variety of tumor types. It encodes an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4, and its homozygous deletion is common in tumor-derived cell lines. To examine its tumor suppressive function and its potential in cancer gene replacement therapy, wild-type p16INK4 was expressed in an adenovirus-derived gene delivery system and introduced into lung cancer cell lines that do not express p16INK4. Expression of the introduced p16INK4 blocked tumor cell entry into S phase of the cell cycle and inhibited tumor proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. These observations strongly support that p16INK4 is a tumor suppressor gene and is a candidate for cancer gene replacement therapy.
Timing Jitter Characterization of the SFQ Coincidence Circuit by Optically Time-Controlled Signals From SSPDs (2019)

We report on the timing jitter characterization of the superconducting single flux quantum (SFQ) coincidence circuit, which is an essential component of the superconducting coincidence photon counter. Two superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SSPDs), each of which is irradiated with optically time-controlled photons, are connected to the SFQ coincidence circuit, and the timing jitter of the SFQ circuit is evaluated by changing the relative time delay between two input ports for the SFQ comparator unit. We successfully observe the transition curve of the probability of obtaining the signal from the SFQ coincidence circuit by sweeping photon arrival time to each SSPD and confirm that this curve shifts temporally upon changing the bias current to the Josephson transmission line (JTL) in the SFQ circuit. A systematic investigation reveals that the relation between time delay and the bias current to JTL can be estimated. The full width half maximum timing jitter of the SFQ circuit is 1.1 ps, which is sufficiently low so that it does not influence the entire timing jitter of the coincidence photon counter.
Transmission of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Texas and Mexico (2002)

To examine the transmission of drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis between Texas and Mexico, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates resistant to one or more of the first-line antimycobacterial drugs were obtained from 606 patients who resided in Texas and 313 patients who resided in Mexico, primarily within the state of Tamaulipas. The isolates were genotyped by IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and spoligotyping. Of the 919 isolates genotyped, 413 (45%) grouped into 105 clusters containing 2 or more isolates with identical genotypes. In addition to having identical genotypes, identical drug resistance patterns were identified in 250 isolates in 78 clusters (DR clusters). Twenty DR clusters, containing isolates from 32% of the total number of patients infected with DR strains, were geographically distributed across Mexico and Texas. Within this population of 919 patients infected with DR isolates, the probability of being in a DR cluster was the same for residents of Mexico and Texas. In Texas, the significant independent predictors of clustering within DR clusters as opposed to genotype clusters were found to be race, age, country of birth, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection status, and resistance to more than one drug. Specifically, isolates from African Americans, individuals under age 65, individuals born in the United States, and HIV-positive individuals were each more likely to be associated with a DR cluster. By contrast, no significant independent predictors of clustering in a DR cluster were identified in Mexico. Although some DR M. tuberculosis strains are geographically restricted, this study suggests that a number of strains are transmitted between Mexico and the United States.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 regulates multiple myeloma cell growth and bortezomib-induced cell death (2010)

These data suggest that in MM cells GSK-3α and β i) play distinct roles in cell survival and ii) modulate the sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors.
Is the social robot probo an added value for social story intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders? (2012)

In this paper, we describe the first results of using the robot Probo as a facilitator in Social Story Intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Four preschoolers diagnosed with ASD participated in this research. For each of them, a specific social skill deficit was identified, like sharing toys, saying Thank you, saying Hello, and an individualized Social Story was developed. The stories were told by both the therapist and the robot in different intervention phases. Afterwards an experimental task was created where the child needed to exercise the ability targeted by the story. The results of this study showed that the participant needed a decreased level of prompt to perform the targeted behavior, when the story was told by the robot compared to the intervention with the human storyteller. Therefore, this preliminary study created great expectancies about the potential of Robot Assisted Therapy as an added value for ASD interventions.
Global induced motion and visual stability in an optic flow illusion (1998)

When an expansion flow field of moving dots is overlapped by planar motion, observers perceive an illusory displacement of the focus of expansion (FOE) in the direction of the planar motion (Duffy and Wurtz, Vision Research, 1993;33:1481-1490). The illusion may be a consequence of induced motion, wherein an induced component of motion relative to planar dots is added to the motions of expansion dots to produce the FOE shift. While such a process could be mediated by local 'center-surround' receptive fields, the effect could also be due to a higher level process which detects and subtracts large-field planar motion from the flow field. We probed the mechanisms underlying this illusion by adding varying amounts of rotation to the expansion stimulus, and by varying the speed and size of the planar motion field. The introduction of rotation into the stimulus produces an illusory shift in a direction perpendicular to the planar motion. Larger FOE shifts were perceived for greater speeds and sizes of planar motion fields, although the speed effect saturated at high speeds. While the illusion appears to share a common mechanism with center-surround induced motion, our results also point to involvement of a more global mechanism that subtracts coherent planar motion from the flow field. Such a process might help to maintain visual stability during eye movements.
A low-voltage CMOS low-dropout regulator with enhanced loop response (2004)

A 1.5-V 100-mA CMOS low-dropout regulator with a double pole-zero cancellation scheme and a linearly operated power PMOS transistor at dropout to enhance the loop-gain response, is presented. The circuit realization is well-studied and developed with respect to the loop-gain response, the transient response, the output noise and the output accuracy, as well as the standby power consumption. Implemented in a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS process, experimental results show that the regulator provides a full load transient response of less than 1-/spl mu/s settling time and less than 50-mV overshoots and undershoots. Moreover, it provides a ripple rejection of better than -26 dB and an output noise of 0.07 /spl mu/V/sqrt Hz at 100 kHz.
New insensitive high-energy dense biopolymers from giant reed cellulosic fibers: their synthesis, characterization, and non-isothermal decomposition kinetics (2021)

Renewable giant reed has been explored for the first time to develop new advanced high-energy dense biopolymers through carbamate surface functionalization and nitration of native cellulose and cellulose microcrystals.
Probing topological protection using a designer surface plasmon structure. (2016)

Topological photonic states, inspired by robust chiral edge states in topological insulators, have recently been demonstrated in a few photonic systems, including an array of coupled on-chip ring resonators at communication wavelengths. However, the intrinsic difference between electrons and photons determines that the 'topological protection' in time-reversal-invariant photonic systems does not share the same robustness as its counterpart in electronic topological insulators. Here in a designer surface plasmon platform consisting of tunable metallic sub-wavelength structures, we construct photonic topological edge states and probe their robustness against a variety of defect classes, including some common time-reversal-invariant photonic defects that can break the topological protection, but do not exist in electronic topological insulators. This is also an experimental realization of anomalous Floquet topological edge states, whose topological phase cannot be predicted by the usual Chern number topological invariants.
Extensions of Biot’s theory of poroelasticity to complex porous media (1987)

We summarize recent efforts to extend the theory of poroelasticity to semilinear and nonlinear elastic response, to partially saturated pores, to inhomogeneous frame materials, and to viscous losses due to localized flow effects.The prospects for a comprehensive theory of wave propagation in porous media are also discussed.
DARHT-II Long-Pulse Beam-Dynamics Experiments (2006)

When completed, the DARHT-II linear induction accelerator (LIA) will produce a 2 kA, 18 MeV electron beam with more than 1500 ns current/energy “flat-top.” In initial tests DARHT-II has already accelerated beams with current pulse lengths from 500 ns to 1200 ns full-width at half maximum (FWHM) with more than 1.2 kA peak current and 12.5 MeV peak energy. Experiments will soon begin with a ∼ 1600 ns flat-top pulse, but with reduced current and energy. These pulse lengths are all significantly longer than any other multi-MeV LIA, and they define a novel regime for high-current beam dynamics, especially with regard to beam stability. Although the initial tests demonstrated the robustness of the DARHT-II LIA to BBU, the < 1200 ns FWHM pulse lengths were too short to test the predicted protection against ion-hose instability. The present experiments are designed to resolve these and other beam-dynamics issues with a ∼ 1600 ns pulse length beam.
A 400MHz One-Chip Oscillator Using an Air-Gap Type Thin Film Resonator (1987)

A preliminary study has been made on the fabrication technique and on the spurious response of a self-supported airgap type resonator on a SigN4 passivation film covering a Si substrate with the purpose ot bipolar monolithic oscillator application. A prototype 400MHz fully integrated one-chip oscillator consisting of a Colpitts-type circuit and the resonator is developed. The developed miniature oscillator is about lmm square in actual size. A typical performance is; 90dB for C/N (N: 20KHz offset from the carrier and 16KHz band width), 0- -5ppm/ .C for the 1st order temperature coefficient of frequency arid -0.029ppm/OC2 for the 2nd order temperature coefficient.