gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melt‐processed biodegradable polyester blends of poly(L‐lactic acid) and poly(ε‐caprolactone): Effects of processing conditions on biodegradation (2007)

Abstract Biodegradable polyester blends were prepared from poly( L ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) (50/50) by melt‐blending, and the effects of processing conditions (shear rate, time, and strain) of melt‐blending on proteinase‐K‐ and lipase‐catalyzed enzymatic degradability were investigated using gravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The proteinase‐K‐catalyzed degradation rate of the blend films increased and leveled off with increasing the shear rate, time, or strain for melt‐blending, except for the shortest shear time of 60 s. The optimal processing conditions of melt‐blending giving the maximum rate of lipase‐catalyzed degradation were 9.6 × 10 2 s −1 and 180 s, whereas a deviation from these conditions caused a reduction in lipase‐catalyzed enzymatic degradation rate. At the highest shear rate of 2.2 × 10 3 s −1 , PCL‐rich phase was continuous in the blend films, irrespective of the shear time (or shear strain), whereas PLLA‐rich phase changed from dispersed to continuous by increasing the shear time (or shear strain). This study revealed that the biodegradability of PLLA/PCL blend materials can be manipulated by altering the processing conditions of melt‐blending (shear rate, time, or strain) or the sizes and morphology of PLLA‐rich and PCL‐rich domains. The method reported in the present study can be utilized for controlling the biodegradability of other biodegradable polyester blends. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 831–841, 2007
Use of heptakis-(2,3-O-dimethyl-6-sulfato)-β-cyclodextrin, a new single-isomer chiral resolving agent for the separation of the enantiomers of neutral compounds by capillary electrophoresis (1998)

The single isomer, fully and permanently charged heptakis-(2,3-dimethyl-6-sulfato)-β-cyclodextrin was used to study the complexation behavior of the enantiomers of noncharged analytes in capillary electrophoresis. Separation selectivities were calculated from the measured effective mobilities and were used to determine the individual complexation constants by fitting the experimentally obtained selectivity values to the theoretically derived selectivity expression according to the charged resolving agent migration model of capillary electrophoresis. Though heptakis-(2,3-dimethyl-6-sulfato)-β-cyclodextrin complexed very weakly with the neutral analytes studied, good separation selectivities were observed. For all neutral analytes, separation selectivity decreased with increasing concentration of the charged cyclodextrin as long as the analytical concentration of the charged cyclodextrin was much greater than that of the analyte. In addition to adequate separation selectivity, good peak resolution required the simultaneous control of the magnitude of both the effective charge of the analyte and the dimensionless electroosmotic flow rate. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 10: 293–299, 1998
Use of Piers–Rubinsztajn Chemistry to Access Unique and Challenging Silicon Phthalocyanines (2021)

Axial functionalization is one mode that enables the solubility of silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcs). Our group observed that the use of typical axial functionalization methodologies on reaction of Cl<sub>2</sub>SiPc with the chlorotriphenyl silane reagent unexpectedly resulted in the equal formation of triphenyl silyloxy silicon tetrabenzotriazacorrole ((3PS)-SiTbc) and the desired bis(tri-phenyl siloxy)-silicon phthalocyanine ((3PS)<sub>2</sub>-SiPc). The formation of a (3PS)-SiTbc was unexpected, and the separation of (3PS)-SiTbc and (3PS)<sub>2</sub>-SiPc was difficult. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the use of Piers-Rubinsztajn (PR) chemistry as an alternative method to functionalize the axial position of a SiPc to avoid the generation of a Tbc derivative. PR chemistry is a novel method to form a Si-O bond starting with a Si-H-based reactant and a -OH-based nucleophile enabled by tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane as a catalyst. The PR chemistry was screened on several fronts on how it can be applied to SiPcs. It was found that the process needs to be run in nitrobenzene at a molar ratio and at a particular temperature. To this end, the triphenylsiloxy derivative (3PS)<sub>2</sub>-SiPc was produced and fully characterized, without the production of a Tbc derivative. In addition, we explored and outlined that the PR chemistry method can enable the formation of other SiPc derivatives that are inaccessible utilizing other established axial substitution chemistry methods such as (TM<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-SiPc and (MDM)<sub>2</sub>-SiPc. These additional materials were also physically characterized. The main conclusion is that the PR chemistry method can be applied to SiPcs and yield several alternative derivatives and has the potential to apply to additional macrocyclic compounds for unique derivative formation.
Improved cycle sequencing of GC-rich DNA template (1999)

Even when DNA sequencing of purified DNA template failed under the optimal condition, it can be generally contributed to high GC content. GC-rich region of template causes a secondary structure to produce shorter readable sequence. To solve this problem, the sequencing reaction was modified by using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). It was found that 5% (v/v) of DMSO in the reaction mixture recovers sequencing signal intensity with reduced frequency of ambiguous bases. When DMSO was added to sequencing reaction of DNA template with normal GC content, it did not show any adverse effect. Sequencing accuracy and unambiguous base frequency were significantly improved at concentration of 2% to 5% (v/v) DMSO in GC-rich DNA template. DMSO has been empirically introduced to enhance the efficiency of PCR in GC-rich templates. However, the underlying mechanism of improved cycle sequencing by DMSO is unknown. Thus, cycle sequencing reaction was remodified with other additives such as N-methyl imidazole, N-methyl2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyridone and glycerol, possessing the similar chemical properties as DMSO. Most of methyl nitrogen ring-containing chemicals did not improve sequencing accuracy, whereas only glycerol mimicked the positive effect of DMSO by the same extent. In the present study, we suggest that the treatment of DMSO improve cycle sequencing by the alteration of structural conformation of GC-rich DNA template.
Construction and characterization of transposon TnphoZfor the identification of genes encoding exported proteins inStreptococcus agalactiae (2004)

Bacterial virulence often depends on exported proteins. To identify genes encoding exported proteins in the neonatal pathogen, group B streptococcus, the transposon TnphoZ was constructed. Here, the coding sequence for the secretion-dependent enzyme alkaline phosphatase from Enterococcus faecalis was fused to the left terminal repeat of Tn917, generating TnphoZ. A collection of TnphoZ mutants was isolated and the DNA flanking the transposon insertion sites was sequenced. Sequence data correlated the expression of high AP activity with transposon insertion into genes encoding predicted exported proteins. It is anticipated that TnphoZ will be suitable for use in other Gram-positive hosts.
A Distributed EPC Discovery Service based on Peer-to-peer Technology (2011)

Supply chain visibility and real-time awareness are two of the major drivers for the implementation of Auto-ID technologies in Supply Chain Management. A prerequisite for achieving real-time awareness and company overlapping visibility is an infrastructure to enable companies to share supply chain information in a reliable and secure way. EPCglobal proposes an application layer protocol called the EPC discovery service, which is supposed to provide services to gather supply chain information from a number of independent resources, across company borders. Our investigations on pharmaceutical and tobacco supply chains revealed tremendous data volumes and network traffic, generated from RFID-enabled supply chain networks. It is highly questionable if a single global discovery service is able to cope with such requirements. In this paper, we address the question how distributed discovery services can deliver their service in a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) based manner. For this purpose, we analyzed the applicability of distinctive distribution schemes and present an approach, which enforces a distribution scheme that allows product managers to decide, which discovery service their data is stored at. Furthermore, we present a prototypical implementation that is based on the open source P2P protocol JXTA. Our architecture utilizes an unstructured P2P network coupled with cache optimizations for lowering response times concerning the processing of a query.
64°C continuous-wave operation of 1.5-μm vertical-cavity laser (1997)

We report on 64/spl deg/C continuous-wave (CW) operation of a 1.5-/spl mu/m vertical-cavity laser. This laser consists of two fused AlGaAs-GaAs mirrors with a strain-compensated InGaAsP-InP MQW active region. Selective lateral oxidation is used for current confinement. Minimum room-temperature threshold current is as low as 0.8 mA, and maximum CW output power is as high as 1 mW at 15/spl deg/C. Pulsed operation is achieved up to 100/spl deg/C. Current spreading losses and device heating are analyzed in detail. Dynamic parameters such as maximum 3-dB parameters such as maximum, 3-dB bandwidth (4.7 GHz), alpha factor (4.0), and linewidth (39 MHz) are also investigated.
Role of Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery in the Multidisciplinary Management of Petroclival Chondrosarcomas: Single-Center Experience (2019)

Background: Chondrosarcomas are malignant tumors that originate from areas of endochondral ossification and may affect the spine and skull base. Petroclival chondrosarcomas with midline extension have been resected via endoscopic endonasal surgery in the past 15 years. Due to its location and extension to different parts of the skull base, gross total resection is often not possible.
Phenyltetraene-Based Nonlinear Optical Chromophores with Enhanced Chemical Stability and Electrooptic Activity (2007)

"Push-pull" phenyltetraene-based chromophores are too sensitive to be incorporated into Diels-Alder-type cross-linkable polymers due to the reactivity of its diene segment with maleimides. A facile synthetic route has been explored to incorporate a methoxy group into the R position of such chromophores, which reduces their diene reactivity during the poling and lattice hardening process. The poled polymers with one of such chromophores doped in a cross-linked polymer lattice showed ultrahigh electro-optic activities, up to 306 pm/V at 1310 nm.
Snail mediates PDGF‐BB‐induced invasion of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in 3D collagen and chick chorioallantoic membrane (2013)

Abstract We previously reported that membrane type‐1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) enables mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to move through both three‐dimensional (3D) type I collagen and basement membrane barriers; however, its upstream regulating factors were unidentified. Here, we report that PDGF‐BB upregulates both mRNA and protein expression of snail in rat bone marrow MSCs (rBMMSCs). PDGF‐BB enhances rBMMSC invasion in 3D collagen, which is blocked by snail specific siRNA transfection. Snail overexpression induced by plasmid transfection results in increased rBMMSC invasion in 3D collagen. Snail expression induced by PDGF‐BB in MSCs is inhibited by LY294002 and PD98059, which are inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK1/2/ERK1/2 signaling pathways, respectively. MT1‐MMP expression in rBMMSCs, both as mRNA and protein, is decreased by snail siRNA transfection, but increased by snail overexpression, indicating that they are controlled by snail. Finally, snail controls MSC transmigration through chorioallantoic membrane of 11‐day‐old chick embryos. Taken together, these in vitro and in vivo data identify snail as a critical mediator for rBMMSC invasion induced by PDGF‐BB. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1827–1833, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A reinvestigation of the structure of indophenine. Some new evidence (1970)

The structure suggested by Steinkopf for the indophenine pigment formed by reaction between isatin and thiophen, has been confirmed by an examination of the n.m.r. and mass spectra of the reduction products formed by the action of zinc in acetic acid and by desulphurisation with Raney nickel.
A Wide Bandgap Halide Perovskite Based Self‐Powered Blue Photodetector with 84.9% of External Quantum Efficiency (2022)

A self-powered, color-filter-free blue photodetector (PD) based on halide perovskites is reported. A high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 84.9%, which is the highest reported EQE in blue PDs, is achieved by engineering the A-site monovalent cations of wide-bandgap perovskites. The optimized composition of formamidinium (FA)/methylammonium (MA) increases the heat of formation, yielding a uniform and smooth film. The incorporation of Cs<sup>+</sup> ions into the FA/MA composition suppresses the trap density and increases charge-carrier mobility, yielding the highest average EQE of 77.4%, responsivity of 0.280 A W<sup>-1</sup> , and detectivity of 5.08 × 10<sup>12</sup> Jones under blue light. Furthermore, Cs<sup>+</sup> improves durability under repetitive operations and ambient atmosphere. The proposed device exhibits peak responsivity of 0.307 A W<sup>-1</sup> , which is higher than that of the commercial InGaN-based blue PD (0.289 A W<sup>-1</sup> ). This study will promote the development of next-generation image sensors with vertically stacked perovskite PDs.
Influence of the Surface Chemistry of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on the Selective Conversion of Cellulose into Sorbitol (2016)

Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNT) were submitted to liquid‐phase chemical treatments using HNO 3 and subsequently to gas‐phase thermal treatments to incorporate different sets of oxygenated groups on the surface. The modified CNT were used as supports for 0.4 wt % Ru in the direct conversion of ball‐milled cellulose to sorbitol and high conversions were reached after 3 h at 205 °C. Ru supported on the original CNT, although less active, was the most selective catalyst for the one‐pot process (70 % sorbitol selectivity after 2 h). Unlike the one‐pot process, the support acidity greatly promoted the rate of cellulose hydrolysis (35 % increase after 2 h) and the glucose selectivity (12 % increase after 2 h). The rate of glucose hydrogenation was almost not affected by the support modification. However, the catalyst acidity improved the sorbitol selectivity from glucose. The support acidity was a central factor for the one‐pot conversion of cellulose, as well as for the individual hydrolysis and hydrogenation steps, and the original CNT supported Ru catalyst was the most efficient and selective catalyst for the direct conversion of cellulose to sorbitol.
Electrooptic coefficient measurements in LiTaO/sub 3/ and LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides (1993)

The magnitudes of linear electrooptic coefficients r/sub 13/ and r/sub 33/ in Zn:LiTaO/sub 3/ repoled channel waveguides are reported. The measurements were made at 0.633- mu m wavelength using a Fabry-Perot interferometer. The waveguides were produced by diffusion from the vapor phase at a temperature above the Curie temperature. For full recovery of the Pockels effect, an electric field of 200 V/cm is needed during repoling. The measured values of r/sub 13/ and r/sub 33/ at 32-MHz modulation frequency are 7.2 and 30.3 pm/V, respectively. The difference between unclamped and clamped coefficients is comparable to that from bulk crystals. Measurements were also made on Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides that did not require repoling, and good agreement with bulk crystal values was obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Inflammatory cytokine production in interferon-gamma-primed mice, challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Inhibition by SK&F 86002 and interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme inhibitor. (2001)

Mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produce variable serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and particularly low levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) has been shown to be an important mediator of bacteria-induced hypersensitivity to LPS in mice. In the present study, we show that mice pretreated with IFN-gamma exhibit an enhanced capacity to produce serum IL-1 beta, IL-1 alpha, tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) as well as IL-6 in response to LPS. Priming with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 15 mg rat recombinant IFN-gamma, 18 hours prior to the i.p. LPS (300 mg) challenge resulted in a 4-fold increase in the LPS-stimulated release of IL-1 beta and a 2- to 7-fold increase in the release of IL-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, as well as IL-6 into the serum. LPS induced a concentration-dependent increase in the release of IL-1 beta in isolated peritoneal macrophages from IFN-gamma-primed mice whereas macrophages from unprimed mice released minute amounts of IL-1 beta. In addition, nigericin markedly enhanced the release of IL-1 beta in unprimed mice but not in macrophages from IFN-gamma primed mice. The cytokine synthesis inhibitor SK&F 86002, administered per os (100 mg/kg), 1 hour prior to LPS challenge, strongly inhibited the rise in serum levels of the four cytokines. Furthermore, treatment with the IL-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE) specific reversible inhibitor YVAD-CHO resulted in a sharp dose- and time-dependent inhibition of IL-1 beta secretion in the serum, whereas the other cytokines were not affected. In conclusion, IFN-gamma priming strongly potentiates the release of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum of mice as compared to LPS stimulation alone, and provides therefore a useful way to test the in vivo potency and selectivity of cytokine synthesis inhibitors.
miR-155 Inhibition Sensitizes CD4+ Th Cells for TREG Mediated Suppression (2009)

Investigation of FoxP3 downstream targets, certainly of bound and regulated miRNAs revealed the associated function between the master regulator FoxP3 and miRNAs as regulators itself. miR-155 is shown to be crucially involved in nTreg cell mediated tolerance by regulating the susceptibility of conventional human as well as murine CD4(+) Th cells to nTreg cell-mediated suppression.
Comparing laboratory and in-the-wild data for continuous Parkinson’s Disease tremor detection (2020)

Passive, continuous monitoring of Parkinson's Disease (PD) symptoms in the wild (i.e., in home environments) could improve disease management, thereby improving a patient's quality of life. We envision a system that uses machine learning to automatically detect PD symptoms from accelerometer data collected in the wild. Building such systems, however, is challenging because it is difficult to obtain labels of symptom occurrences in the wild. Many researchers therefore train machine learning algorithms on laboratory data with the assumption that findings will translate to the wild. This paper assesses how well laboratory data represents wild data by comparing PD symptom (tremor) detection performance of three models on both lab and wild data. Findings indicate that, for this application, laboratory data is not a good representation of wild data. Results also show that training on wild data, even though labels are less precise, leads to better performance on wild data than training on accurate labels from laboratory data.
Water-promoted ortho-selective monohydroxymethylation of phenols in the NaBO2 system (2014)

Water-promoted ortho-selective monohydroxymethylation of phenols in the NaBO2 system generates salicyl alcohols in 65-97% yields. A remarkable rate-enhancement by water was observed, and NaBO2 appeared to serve the dual role of a suitable base and an efficient chelating reagent. This protocol possesses many advantages such as short reaction times, expanded substrate scope, and high mono- and regio-selectivities. The experimental results were explained by the calculations based on local ionisation energy minima, leading to a possible reaction mechanism.
Copulas for information retrieval (2013)

In many domains of information retrieval, system estimates of document relevance are based on multidimensional quality criteria that have to be accommodated in a unidimensional result ranking. Current solutions to this challenge are often inconsistent with the formal probabilistic framework in which constituent scores were estimated, or use sophisticated learning methods that make it difficult for humans to understand the origin of the final ranking. To address these issues, we introduce the use of copulas, a powerful statistical framework for modeling complex multi-dimensional dependencies, to information retrieval tasks. We provide a formal background to copulas and demonstrate their effectiveness on standard IR tasks such as combining multidimensional relevance estimates and fusion of results from multiple search engines. We introduce copula-based versions of standard relevance estimators and fusion methods and show that these lead to significant performance improvements on several tasks, as evaluated on large-scale standard corpora, compared to their non-copula counterparts. We also investigate criteria for understanding the likely effect of using copula models in a given retrieval scenario.
Wireless Infrared Communications (2003)

Abstract Wireless infrared communications can be used to establish short range high‐data‐rate wireless links. The primary commercial applications are short‐term cable‐less connectivity for information exchange and wireless local area networking. In the article, the major optical design issues and communication design issues are discussed. An overview of current systems and standards is provided, along with a comparison of infrared systems to radio systems.
Iridovirus IIV31 : un pathogène d'isopodes terrestres remarquable. (2017)

Remerciements :Les auteurs remercient ImageUP, plateforme d’imagerie de l’université de Poitiers pour l’assistance en microscopie électronique
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Novel Hydroxamate Based Fluorescent Photoprobe for Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinases (2009)

The assessment of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in vivo is highly desirable in various human diseases such as cancers. Hydroxamic acids based on CGS27023A or CGS25966 are nonpeptidyl lead structures that specifically target activated MMPs in vivo. The aim of this study was the modification and fluorescent labeling of these lead structures to develop a highly affine, nonpeptide MMP inhibitor (MMPI)-ligand for molecular optical imaging of activated MMPs. An 11 step synthesis was developed involving a PEGylated benzyl derivative as a spacer to minimize the interactions between the activated MMP and the dye of conjugate 11 with an azide as a protected amino function. After reducing the azide (Staudinger reaction) and labeling with Cy5.5, we obtained a CGS-based MMP inhibitor 11 with a fluorescent signaling flag. To evaluate the biological properties of this photoprobe, three human cancer cell lines (A-673, HT-1080 and BT-20) were characterized with respect to their MMP-2 and -9 (gelatinases) expression levels (real-time PCR) and protein levels (Western blotting). Initially, fluorogenic inhibition assays were used to assess the MMP inhibition potential. The PEGylated CGS 10 showed complete inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in vitro both for purified MMP-2/-9 (active and pro-forms) and MMP-2/-9 containing cell culture supernatants. To test the imaging potential in biological tissues, gelatinase activity was measured on tumor cryostat sections of the above-mentioned tumor cells using FITC-labeled dye-quenched gelatin. Gelatinase positive tumors revealed strong binding of CGS-Cy5.5 11, while gelatinase negative tumors were not targeted. In conclusion, this new CGS-based MMP photoprobe has a high affinity for MMP-2 and -9 and is thus a promising candidate for sensitive imaging of MMP activity in various diseases in patients.