gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controllable in-situ hydrogels membrane formation using microfluidics (2011)

This paper reports a novel method for the in-situ hydrogel membrane fabrication in a simple PDMS channel. We used two separate solutions of 0.0625 wt% of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> in PBS with the 5.2 wt% of the Tetronic-succinic anhydride-tyramine (Tet-SA-TA), and 0.0625 mg/ml of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in PBS with the same concentration of Tet-SA-TA. These two solutions were introduced into the typical microfluidic channel and the mixing of these solutions spontaneously formed the in-situ crosslinked hydrogels membrane in the microfluidic channel. The width of the membrane can be controlled quantitatively by adjusting gelation time and the velocity of microfluidics. Moreover, by using the formed inner-channel membrane, the permeation of chemical molecules through the membrane was observed and its quantitative value was analyzed with multiphysics modeling. The parallel hydrogel membranes were also formed using a time-dependent procedure, and, in addition, this separated channel by the hydrogel membranes was applied for the generation of stable concentration gradients into the microchannel. These results can be used to realize the complicated diffusive 3D structure, such as biomimetic blood vessels.
When people and algorithms meet (2019)

The complex nature of intelligent systems motivates work on supporting users during interaction, for example through explanations. However, there is yet little empirical evidence on specific problems users face in such systems in everyday use. This paper investigates such problems as reported by users: We analysed 35,448 reviews of three apps on the Google Play Store (Facebook, Netflix and Google Maps) with sentiment analysis and topic modelling to reveal problems during interaction that can be attributed to the apps' algorithmic decision-making. We enriched this data with users' coping and support strategies through a follow-up online survey (N=286). In particular, we found problems and strategies related to content, algorithm, user choice, and feedback. We discuss corresponding implications for designing user support, highlighting the importance of user control and explanations of output, not processes. Our work thus contributes empirical evidence to facilitate understanding of users' everyday problems with intelligent systems.
Subunit interaction of monomeric alanine racemases from fourShigellaspecies in catalytic reaction (2003)

Bacterial alanine racemases are classified into two types of subunit structure (monomer and homodimer). To clarify the catalytic unit of monomeric alanine racemases, we examined the apparent molecular mass of the monomeric alanine racemases from Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella boydii, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella sonnei by gel filtration in the presence of the substrate and inhibitor. The enzymes were eluted on gel filtration as a monomer of about 39,000 Da at low protein concentration and in the absence of L-alanine and D-cycloserine. An increase in the apparent molecular mass was induced by increasing the protein concentration or by adding the ligands in the elution buffer. The increase ratio depended on the ligand concentration, and the maximum apparent molecular masses of all enzymes were 60,000 and 76,000 Da in the presence of 100 mM L-alanine and 5 mM D-cycloserine, respectively. D-cycloserine may induce an inactive dimer and L-alanine may induce an intermediate between the monomer and dimer because of dynamic equilibrium. The apoenzyme also showed similar behavior in the presence of the ligands, but the increase ratios were lower than those of the holoenzymes. The Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus alanine racemase, having a dimeric structure, showed a constant molecular mass irrespective of the absence or presence of the ligands. These results suggest that the monomeric Shigella Alr enzymes have a dimeric structure in the catalytic reaction. Substances that inhibit the subunit interaction of monomeric alanine racemases may be useful as a new type of antibacterial.
Excited-State Photophysics in a Low Band Gap Polymer with High Photovoltaic Efficiency (2010)

We report an experimental investigation of a newly synthesized polymer, PNDT-DTPyT, with a 1.55 eV band gap tuned for optimal photovoltaic performance. Several time-resolved optical spectroscopies are used to examine fundamental photophysics in pure polymer films. Clear signatures of a distribution in photoexcitation sizes are found in steady state absorption and fluorescence measurements conducted from 100 to 300 K. Electronic structure calculations are combined with an empirical model to establish that, on average, the excitations span less than two repeat units because of strong interactions with the surrounding environment. These strong vibronic interactions are attributed to the charge transfer nature of the excitation, which involves a significant change in the spatial charge distribution. Femtosecond transient grating (TG) measurements find energy transfer processes occurring with roughly 1 and 10 ps time constants. This distinction in time scales most likely has a geometric origin (e.g., processes involving stacked and nonstacked neighbors). Fluorescence quenching and TG experiments show that the addition of PCBM to blends composed of both PNDT-DTPyT and PCBM correlates with an increase in the charge separation efficiency following photoexcitation. This increase in charge separation efficiency is caused by a reduction in the average distance that photoexcitations in the polymer must traverse before injecting electrons into PCBM. Photovoltaic power conversion efficiencies measured for the films are consistent with this interpretation, where a maximum efficiency of 4.1% is found for the 1:1 blend of polymer and PCBM. Overall, the present study covers several fundamental processes taking place in photovoltaic devices from the primary events surrounding the creation of photoexcitations in the polymer to their deactivation at the PCBM interface.
Antenatal screening for Down's syndrome. (1992)

refuse this we give 2 mg phytomenadione (vitamin KI) orally at birth and at 12 and 24 hours of age.We await information on the efficacy of this oral regimen.Recent work by Cornelissen et al will further fuel the controversy as they suggest that a single dose of vitamin K, whether given orally or intramuscularly, is insufficient to protect against late haemorrhagic disease of the newborn.'I wonder whether, in the meantime, the adverse publicity surrounding vitamin K will result in a resurgence of this preventable condition; I hope that it remains a condition that is rarely seen.
Serum Metabolomics Study of Gliclazide-Modified-Release-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using a Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Method (2018)

Sulfonylureas are one of the commonly used drugs in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but with considerable incidence of monotherapy failure. However, the mechanism of patients' drug response is unclear, and suitability evaluation biomarkers are in urgent need for precision medicine. In this study, a pseudotargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was employed to investigate the serum metabolic profiling of 66 significant responders and 24 nonsignificant responders at baseline and 16 weeks after gliclazide modified-release (MR) monotherapy. Clinical improvements in blood glucose level and insulin sensitivity were closely associated with the alterations of TCA cycle, ketone body metabolism, lipid oxidation, branched-chain amino acid catabolism, and gut flora metabolism. The different baseline metabolic profiling observed in the two groups implied that patients with lower dyslipidemia level may be more suitable for sulfonylurea therapy. The biomarker panel consisting of HbA<sub>1c</sub>, 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, methyl 8,11,14-eicosatrienoate, and methyl hexadecanoate shows a very good prediction ability for the suitability of gliclazide treatment, and it may be meaningful in personalized medicine of T2DM patients by sulfonylurea therapy.
ARYLPYRIDINES: PART II. REACTION OF PHENYLLITHIUM WITH 3-METHOXY- AND 3-AMINO-PYRIDINE (1960)

Phenyllithium has been shown to react with 3-methoxy- and 3-amino-pyridine to give exclusively 3-methoxy-2-phenylpyridine and 3-amino-2-phenylpyridine respectively. The orientation of the products has been established unambiguously. None of the 2,5-isomer was detected in either case. An explanation for this unique orientation is suggested.
ChemInform Abstract: SiC Silicon‐on‐Insulator Structures by Direct Carbonization Conversion and Postgrowth from Silacyclobutane. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Buckley-Leverett Flow in Composite Porous Media (1993)

ABSTRACT This paper presents a Buckley-Leverett-type analytical solution for one-dimensional immiscible displacement in a linear composite porous medium. The classical Buckley-Leverett theory, applicable only to flow in a homogeneous porous medium, has been extended to flow in an inhomogeneous porous medium, in which the formation system is treated as consisting of a number of flow domains with different rock properties. The analytical solution, obtained under the conditions for the Buckley-Leverett solution for each flow domain, can be used to determine the complete saturation profile in the composite system at all times. The analytical results indicate that noncapillary immiscible displacement of two fluids in a composite system is characterized by discontinuities in saturation profiles across the interfaces between adjacent flow domains.
Fourier Domain Millimeter-Wave Imaging Using Noncooperative 5G Communications Signals (2022)

The spectrum of millimeter-wave frequencies is becoming increasingly crowded due to the advances in fifth-generation (5G) communications and automotive radar, leading to greater interest in spectrum coexistence for functions like sensing and communications. While most research has focused on minimizing interference between sensing and communications, we take a different approach that leverages dense communications signal environments for passive sensing applications. We present a millimeter-wave imaging system that captures information in the spatial frequency (Fourier) domain, similar to concepts used in radio astronomy. In contrast to traditional millimeter-wave sensing and imaging approaches, Fourier-domain image formation is improved as more incoherent signals are included in the environment. In particular, multiple millimeter-wave communications signals generate spatiotemporal incoherence, which enables Fourier-domain sampling and image formation. We present a method for characterizing the imaging efficacy of communications signals in an environment based on new spatiotemporal coherence metrics. We discuss simple solutions to problems of increasing spatial coherence in cases where transmit resources are limited. Finally, we demonstrate a 38 GHz millimeter-wave imaging system capturing 5G communications signals from a set of independent transmitters, demonstrating the ability to image multiple objects in a scene.
Emulsion and miniemulsion copolymerization of acrylic monomers in the presence of alkyd resin (1996)

Emulsion and miniemulsion copolymerizations were carried out with acrylic monomers (methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylic acid) in the presence of an alkyd resin. Poly(methyl methacrylate) was used as a hydrophobe or cosurfactant in the miniemulsion reactions. The results demonstrate that miniemulsion polymerization is the preferred process, probably because of mass transport limitations of the alkyd in the conventional emulsion polymerization reactions. The monomer emulsions prepared for the miniemulsion reactions were much more stable and the polymerizations were free of coagulum. Reaction rates, particle size characteristics, grafting efficiencies, and some film properties were measured. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Exposure to Head Impacts in University Football Players (2023)

These preliminary findings raise the potential for the hypothesis that repeated exposure to head impacts may contribute to the development of BBB pathology. Further research is needed to validate this hypothesis and to test whether BBB pathology plays a role in the sequela of repeated head trauma.
A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF 1-AMINO-4-BUTYLAMINOANTHRAQUINONE FROM 1-AMINOANTHRAQUINONE PROMOTED BY METAL IONS (1978)

Abstract In the presence of cobalt salts, 1-amino-4-butylaminoanthraquinone was conveniently synthesized from 1-aminoanthraquinone and butylamine in a good yield under mild condition. Some of other metal ions were found to be effective on this amination. The yield was affected by both of the anion component of metal salt and the kind of solvent.
Parallel Analysis of Gene Copy Number and Expression Using cDNA Microarrays (2003)

A cDNA microarray consists of hundreds or thousands of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified cDNAs spotted onto a glass microscope slide, in a high-density pattern of rows and columns (1). cDNA microarrays were first used widely to quantify gene expression across hundreds or thousands of genes simultaneously (2,3). To measure gene expression, mRNAs from two different samples are differentially fluorescently labeled and cohybridized to a cDNA microarray, which is then scanned in dual wavelengths (Fig. 1 A). For each cDNA element on the microarray, the ratio of fluorescence intensities reflects the relative abundance for that mRNA between the two samples. cDNA microarrays have been utilized to profile gene expression in a variety of organisms (1,3–6). In humans, cDNA microarrays have been used extensively to characterize gene expression in cancer, in which patterns of gene expression reveal the molecular phenotypes of tumor cells (7–9).
Acetylcholinesterase point mutations in European strains of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) resistant to organophosphates (2009)

Four AChE1 mutations were found in resistant strains of T. urticae, and three of them, F331W, G328A and A201S, are possibly involved in resistance to OP and CARB insecticides. Among them, F331W is probably the most important and the most common in T. urticae. It can be easily detected by the diagnostic PCR-RLFP assay developed in this study.
Performances Of A Xe-Solid X-Ray Photocathode (1989)

We have studied the response of a Xe-solid reflexion photocathode in a wide spectral range, from 5 key to 1.3 Mev. We compared the measured sensitivity to the gold photocathode one, in the same conditions, and found gains up to 1200 at 45 key, The linearity of the response and the gain obtained, even with this simple test experiment, enable us to envisage further developments of x-ray detectors with high efficiency and good time resolution.
Synthesis of Large Monolithic Zeolite Foams with Variable Macropore Architectures (2001)

Very large monolithic three-dimensional structures have been prepared using polyurethane foams. These cheap, readily available, and highly versatile foams are excellent templates for the fabrication of macro- and microporous silica and zeolite materials as is unveiled in this communication. The Figure displays an SEM image showing the morphology and connectivity of a zeolite foam.
7-OR: Comparison of Two Recent Ceramide-Based Coronary Risk Prediction Scores: CERT and CERT-2 (2020)

The Coronary Event Risk Test (CERT) is a validated cardiovascular risk predictor that uses circulating ceramide concentrations to allocate patients into one of four risk categories. This test has recently been updated (CERT-2), now additionally including phosphatidylcholine concentrations. We investigated the power of CERT and CERT-2 to predict cardiovascular mortality in 999 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Overall, comparing survival curves (Figure) for over 12 years of follow up and the predictive power of survival models using net reclassification improvement (NRI), CERT-2 was the best predictor of cardiovascular mortality, surpassing CERT (NRI=0.456; p=0.01) and also the 2019 ESC-SCORE (NRI=0.163; p=0.04). Patients in the highest risk category of CERT as compared to the lowest category had a HR of 3.63[2.09-6.30] for cardiovascular death; for CERT-2 the corresponding HR was 6.02[2.47-14.64]. Among patients with T2DM (n=322), the HR for cardiovascular death was 3.00[1.44-6.23] using CERT and 7.06[1.64-30.50] using CERT-2; the corresponding HRs among nondiabetic subjects were 2.99[1.20-7.46] and 3.43[1.03-11.43], respectively. We conclude that both, CERT and CERT-2 scores are powerful predictors of cardiovascular mortality in CVD patients, especially in those patients with T2D. Performance is even higher with CERT-2. Disclosure A. Leiherer: None. A. Muendlein: None. C.H. Saely: None. R. Laaksonen: None. M. Laaperi: None. A. Vonbank: None. P. Fraunberger: None. H. Drexel: None.
Adenosine-Induced Transient Cardiac Asystole Enhances Precise Deployment of Stent-Grafts in the Thoracic or Abdominal Aorta (1996)

Purpose: To present a cardiac asystole technique that assists in the accurate deployment of stent-grafts during endovascular repair of thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysms. Technique: In the anesthetized patient, trial doses of intravenous adenosine are delivered until a ≥ 20-second period of asystole is recorded. The endograft procedure then proceeds until the device is ready for deployment. The predetermined dose of adenosine is administered, and the device is deployed during asystole. Adenosine-induced transient asystole has been utilized in 16 patients undergoing balloon-expandable endograft exclusion of 6 thoracic aortic and 10 abdominal aortic aneurysms. Asystole lasted for 20 to 30 seconds, during which time the devices were accurately deployed without interference from the aortic flow. There were no clinical sequelae of this technique in any patient. Conclusions: Pharmacologically induced transient asystole appears to be a safe maneuver to preclude endograft movement by systolic blood flow. The technique permits precise placement of balloon-expandable stent-grafts and is applicable to self-expanding devices as well. Interventionists may wish to incorporate adenosine-induced asystole into their aortic aneurysm exclusion procedures.
Cigarette smoke reduces pro-resolving omega-6 metabolite production by cultured human primary bronchial epithelial cells (2015)

Inflammatory diseases such as COPD are alarmingly increasing in industrialized countries, which may in part be explained by altered modulation of inflammation resulting from a change in diet. Especially the intake of diet-derived omega-3 and -6 fatty acids has shifted in these countries critically in favor of omega-6. While omega-3-derived mediators are preferentially involved in resolution of inflammation, omega-6-derived mediators are pivotal for the acute inflammatory response as well as for the resolution phase.15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) is an enzyme involved in the conversion of (omega-6) linoleic and arachidonic acid to lipoxins and (omega-3) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators including maresins and protectins. Here we assessed the effect of cigarette smoke (CS) on omega-3 and -6 fatty acid synthesis and metabolism. For this we used air-liquid interface-primary bronchial epithelial cell cultures (ALI-PBEC) that were exposed to CS and subsequently assessed for changes in gene expression by qPCR and for lipid mediator production by mass spectrometric analysis. CS exposure caused a significant decrease in 15-LOX mRNA expression by ALI-PBECs 3 h and 12 h after exposure. In line with this observation, we observed that after 24 h of exposure, CS reduced the generation of 15-LOX-derived activity markers 13-HODE and 5,15 diHETE. In conclusion, these data suggest that smoking impairs important pro-resolving mechanisms in bronchial epithelium. Further research is needed to establish if this impairment contributes to chronic inflammation in COPD. This work was supported by Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship 622815.
Mosaicing of microscope images (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Spin Torque Random Access Memory Down to 22 nm Technology (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Spin torque random access memory (ST-MRAM) design spaces down to CMOS 22 nm technology node are explored using a dynamic magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ)-CMOS model. The coupled dynamics of MTJ and CMOS is modeled by a combination of MTJ micromagnetic simulation and CMOS SPICE circuit simulation. The paper analyzes trade-offs between MTJ current threshold, MTJ thermal stability and CMOS driving strength. The analysis provides information on physics requirements and technology bottlenecks for MTJ to achieve maximum capacity supported by CMOS 22 nm technology node. Magnetic solutions for MTJ to fully achieve CMOS 22 nm potential capacities are reviewed. </para>
A New Model for Teaching Saut de Basque (1988)

In the last decade a new body of dance-oriented biomechanical literature has begun to develop. Much of this biomechanical research indicates that in some ways traditional dance pedagogical methods are in conflict with the physical realities of moving bodies in space and the scientific laws that govern the behavior of moving bodies in space, i.e., the laws of physics. A number of traditionally accepted instructional dance precepts are being revealed as inaccurate or impossible. For example, according to traditional dance pedagogical methods, the supinated or “sickled” foot is a strictly forbidden action. However, in her study of grand allegro steps, Ryman found that in turning leaps, the push-off foot “sickled” during the take-off phase. Indeed the laws of science dictate that such twisting is essential for providing the torque necessary in any turning motion. Ryman's documentation of the “sickled” foot is an example of the limitations in the traditional dance teaching methods that currently are being exposed by dance-oriented biomechanical research.