gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct Role of cAMP and cGMP in the Cell Cycle Control of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1999)

cAMP and cGMP are known to suppress vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. In this study, our aim was to delineate the molecular mechanism underlying cAMP and cGMP suppression of cell cycle transition in human SMCs. cAMP inhibits both platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 2 and cdk4 activation through upregulation of the cdk2 inhibitor p27(Kip1) and downregulation of cyclin D1 expression, which leads to a complete arrest of the cells in phase G(1). In contrast, cGMP inhibits cyclin D1 expression, inhibits cdk4 activation, and delays platelet-derived growth factor-mediated cdk2 activation, resulting in a delay in G(1)/S transition. A transient increase in p27(Kip1) in cdk2 immunoprecipitates, without changes in total cellular p27(Kip1) levels, correlates with the delay in cdk2 activation caused by cGMP. Thus, cAMP and cGMP differentially affect cell cycle through distinct regulation of cell cycle molecules in human SMCs.
ChemInform Abstract: CHIRALITY TRANSFER. A STEREOSPECIFIC PALLADIUM SALT CATALYZED PHENYLATION OF CHIRAL BUTENOLS (1981)

Abstract Die stereoisomeren 1‐Buten‐3‐ole (Ia) und (Ib) reagieren mit Iodbenzol (II) in Gegenwart von bestimmten Pd‐Komplexen unter teilweiser optischer Iriduzierung zu den Phenylierungsprodukten (III) neben dem Umlagerungsprodukt (IV).
One Hundred Years of the Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung (2014)

Abstract This Essay is an account of the institutional and scientific development of the Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung in Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany), which is the successor to the Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Institut für Kohlenforschung founded in 1914. The Essay is divided into four main parts, corresponding to the four major periods which are closely associated with the respective Directors of the Institute from 1914 to 2014: 1) Franz Fischer; 2) Karl Ziegler; 3) Günther Wilke; and 4) the period beginning with Manfred T. Reetz, who established a directorate comprising five Directors of equal status, each heading a different research department under the banner of catalysis. Along with key historical events associated with the Institute, research highlights of the four periods are featured.
Atom transfer radical polymerization synthesis and photoresponsive solution behavior of spiropyran end‐functionalized polymers as simplistic molecular probes (2011)

Abstract Poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMAs) of two different molecular weights having a single photochromic benzospiropyran (BSP) end‐group were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Polymer characterization by 1 H NMR and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionitiation time of flight‐mass spectroscopy confirms that using an ATRP initiator equipped with BSP, a near quantitative functionalization of the PMMA with the BSP was achieved. Both polymers exhibit photochroism characterized by the UV‐induced transition from BSP to benzomerocyanine (BMC) in acetonitrile. However, a strong molecular weight dependence of the thermal relaxation kinetic of the BMC was found with a significantly faster temperature‐dependent transition for the higher molecular weight polymer. Thermodynamic analysis of the process revealed a higher gain in the entropy of activation Δ S ± for the transition process in the higher molecular weight polymer. This suggests an energetically unfavorable nonpolar environment of the BMC group in the higher molecular weight polymers, although a higher solvation of the BMC in the lower molecular weight polymer contributes to its stabilization. The ability of the BMC polymer end‐groups to organize was shown in metal ion‐binding experiments forming bivalently linked complexes with Co ions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Collaborative systems with applications for social good (2015)

Crowdsourcing and collaborative systems have become an important part of Computer Science system deployments. The research discussed in this paper designs and explores the use of collaborative systems for crowdsourced user participation in different kinds of tasks. Application focus of projects discussed here is mostly towards social good. This paper provides an overview of my research objectives and approach, and identifies my work on both usability of systems as well as data specific definitions for them. Acknowledging the importance of user participation in development projects, I work on structuring systems in a way that they can extract best response from participants and help in the overall goal. The paper also describes my objectives to study user behavior based on their participation in various collaborative systems.
Radiovision (1968)

Radiovision's clarity, power and flexibility no longer need stressing. It is nearly seven years since at the first world conference on educational broadcasting, held in Rome by the European Broadcasting Union, France, Holland, Norway, Sweden, Niger all projected still, bright, large colour pictures as an integral part of a radio broadcast. At that time, in 1961, the combination of tape and strip was not new, and back in the thirties, before the days of tape, Scotland had made experiments with radiovision; before that there were no doubt experiments with gramophone records and lantern slides, and before that lantern lectures.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INDIAN RAILWAY NETWORK: A COMPLEX NETWORK APPROACH (2011)

In this paper, we study the Indian Railway Network (IRN) as a weighted complex network in which railway stations are considered as the nodes, while the weights on edges represent the number of trains directly linking two stations. Apart from the small-world characteristics and exponential distributions of node-degrees and edge-weights in the IRN, we explore the correlations of the amount of traffic with the topology of the network. The traffic in the IRN is found to be accumulated on interconnected groups of stations and is concentrated in the links between large stations. We also identify the most important stations in the IRN with respect to connectivity and traffic-flow, which help to identify some of the probable points (and regions) of congestion in the network. The study indicates several guidelines to improve the performance of the IRN. DOI:10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.4.123
Matrix FMEA Analysis of the Flow Control Valve (2019)

Abstract Reliability is a key feature in engineering systems and might be improved by using preventive methods, which allows for identification potential failures and establishing cause-and-effect relationships in consistent and systematic way. One of the popular quality improvement method is FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis). An application of matrix FMEA analysis method on example of flow control valve has been presented and discussed in the work. Presented example shows also a different ways of evaluating failures and theirs influence on analysis results.
Frame-based method for customizing generic software architectures (1999)

One way to support development and maintenance of a software system family is to design a generic software architecture for a family. A generic architecture captures requirements common to all (or most of) the family members. Then, we develop specific software systems, members of a family, by customizing a generic architecture.
First Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of the Important Biogenetic Intermediates, (+)‐Polyneuridine(Ia) and (+)‐Polyneuridine Aldehyde(IIa), as well as 16‐Epi‐vellosimine (IIb) and Macusine A (Ib). (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies on photoelectrochemistry of nano-particulate TiO2/PANI/PATP film on Au electrodes (2000)

New multi-layer film electrodes have been investigated for solar energy conversion applications. Nano-particulate PANI(polyanil ine)/ PATP (p-aminothiophenol) films and TiO 2/PANI/PATP films on Au electrodes were obtained by electrochemical methods. The cathodic and anodic photocurrents were observed in different potential regions for the PANI/PATP/Au film and the TiO 2/PANI/PATP/Au film. Both films were characterized by recording their photocurrent spectra at different electrode potentials. The wavelength region of the photocurr ent generated in TiO2/PANI/PATP/Au film covers violet and red light regions. The size of TiO 2 nanoparticles was controlled using high resolution SEM imaging. The mechanism of photocurrent generation has been evaluated.
Evolutionary Biology of Malarial Parasites (2004)

Analysis of Plasmodium spp. genome sequences would allow for the discovery of thousands of new genes and proteins, providing a unique opportunity for understanding the complex biology of malarial parasites. However, the identification of these new genes will be followed by the same old questions that researchers have faced for nearly three decades: how variable are the newly identified genes? How is such variation generated and maintained? How can this diversity affect intervention efforts?
Universal HPLC Detector for Hydrophilic Organic Compounds by Means of Total Organic Carbon Detection (2018)

Most quantifications are achieved by comparison of the signals obtained with the sample to those from a standard. Thus, the purity and stability of the standard are key in chemical analysis. Furthermore, if an analyte standard cannot be obtained, quantification cannot be achieved, even if the chemical structures are identified by a qualification method (e.g., high-resolution mass spectrometry). Herein, we describe a universal and analyte standard-free detector for aqueous-eluent-based high-performance liquid chromatography. This universal carbon detector (UCD) was developed based on total organic carbon detection. Separated analytes were oxidized in-line and converted to carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). Generated CO<sub>2</sub> was transferred into the gas phase and collected into ultrapure water, which was followed by conductivity detection. The system can be applied as a HPLC detector that does not use an organic solvent as an eluent. The system can be calibrated with a primary standard of sodium bicarbonate for organic compounds. The universality and quantification were evaluated with organic compounds, including organic acids, sugars, and amino acids. Furthermore, the system was successfully applied to evaluation of the purity of formaldehyde in formalin solution, and determination of sugars in juices. The results show the universal carbon detector has good universality and can quantify many kinds of organic compounds with a single standard such as sodium bicarbonate.
Passive negative feedback in mode-locked solid-state lasers (1993)

Passive negative feedback by an intracavity GaAs platelet in actively/passively mode-locked solid-state lasers is reexamined, and the role of both single- and two-photon absorption in determining the features of the pulses and the pulse train is explored and compared with the experimental results. The time–bandwidth product is shown to acquire in the steady-state part of the train a value close to the minimum allowed by the uncertainty relation.
Minimizing pattern count for interconnect test under a ground bounce constraint (2003)

When testing the interconnect structures on a board, test programmers sometimes ask, How can I control the test pattern generation process to avoid ground bounce problems during Extest mode? Those wishing to satisfy a simultaneously-switching-outputs constraint will find several new solutions in this article.
Evaluation and FPGA Implementation of Sparse Linear Solvers for Video Processing Applications (2013)

Sparse linear systems are commonly used in video processing applications, such as edge-aware filtering or video retargeting. Due to the 2-D nature of images, the involved problem sizes are large and thus solving such systems is computationally challenging. In this paper, we address sparse linear solvers for real-time video applications. We investigate several solver techniques, discuss hardware trade-offs, and provide field-programmable gate array (FPGA) architectures and implementation results of a Cholesky direct solver and of an iterative BiCGSTAB solver. The FPGA implementations solve 32 k × 32 k matrices at up to 50 f/s and outperform software implementations by at least one order of magnitude.
In-Hospital Outcome of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Culprit PCI and Consecutive CABG versus Emergent Complete Surgical Revascularization (2023)

Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are standard therapeutic approaches for cardiac revascularization. The selection of therapy depends primarily on the complexity of coronary artery disease and urgency of treatment. Surgical revascularization guaranties excellent long-term outcomes in patients with advanced multivessel disease, whereas percutaneous coronary intervention of the culprit lesion is recommended in the setting of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Still, the outcome of CABG when compared with PCI in an emergency setting is unclear.
A robust method for detecting single‐nucleotide changes as polymorphic markers by PCR (1998)

Numerous techniques in plant molecular genetic analysis, such as mapping and positional cloning techniques, rely on the availability of molecular markers that can differentiate between alleles at a particular locus. PCR-based cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) markers have been widely used as a means of rapidly and reliably detecting a single-base change that creates a unique restriction site in one of a pair of alleles. However, the majority of single-nucleotide changes do not create such sites and thus cannot be used to create CAPS markers. In this paper, a modification of the CAPS technique that allows detection of most single-nucleotide changes by utilizing mismatched PCR primers is described. The mismatches in the PCR primers, in combination with the single-nucleotide change, create a unique restriction site in one of the alleles.
Surface-Catalyzed Chromium(VI) Reduction:  Reactivity Comparisons of Different Organic Reductants and Different Oxide Surfaces (1996)

CrVI reduction by low molecular weight organic compounds with various functional groups was examined in the presence and absence of oxide surfaces. Surface-catalyzed CrVI reduction has been demonstrated with α-hydroxyl carboxylic acids (glycolic acid, lactic acid, mandelic acid, and tartaric acid) and their esters (methyl glycolate, methyl lactate, and methyl mandelate), with α-carbonyl carboxylic acids (glyoxylic acid and pyruvic acid), with oxalic acid, and with substituted phenols (salicylic acid, 4-methoxyphenol, and resorcinol). Both goethite (α-FeOOH) and aluminum oxide (γ-Al2O3) exert an appreciable catalytic effect, although somewhat less than that observed with titanium dioxide. This study indicates that surface-catalyzed CrVI reduction may occur in soils, sediments, aquifers, and other aquatic environments rich in mineral surfaces.
Protection Circuit against Differential Power Analysis Attacks for Smart Cards (2008)

In this paper, we present a circuit that protects smart cards against differential power analysis attacks. The circuit is based on a current flattening technique, is designed using a standard 0.18-µm CMOS technology, and can be integrated on the same die or in the same package with the smart card microcontroller. We evaluate the current flattening performance and the effectiveness of the protection against differential power analysis attacks. Our analysis is based on transistor-level simulations in Cadence environment using experimental current traces collected from an 8-bit microcontroller for smart cards executing DES encryptions. The proposed circuit effectively protects against differential power analysis attacks with small chip area overhead and limited increased power consumption during the encryption cycles.
Novel miniature MRI-compatible fiber-optic force sensor for cardiac catheterization procedures (2010)

This paper presents the prototype design and development of a miniature MR-compatible fiber optic force sensor suitable for the detection of force during MR-guided cardiac catheterization. The working principle is based on light intensity modulation where a fiber optic cable interrogates a reflective surface at a predefined distance inside a catheter shaft. When a force is applied to the tip of the catheter, a force sensitive structure varies the distance and the orientation of the reflective surface with reference to the optical fiber. The visual feedback from the MRI scanner can be used to determine whether or not the catheter tip is normal or tangential to the tissue surface. In both cases the light is modulated accordingly and the axial or lateral force can be estimated. The sensor exhibits adequate linear response, having a good working range, very good resolution and good sensitivity in both axial and lateral force directions. In addition, the use of low-cost and MR-compatible materials for its development makes the sensor safe for use inside MRI environments.
Functional Genomics Uncovers Pleiotropic Role of Rhomboids in Corynebacterium glutamicum (2022)

The physiological role of ubiquitous rhomboid proteases, membrane-integral proteins that cleave their substrates inside the lipid bilayer, is still ill-defined in many prokaryotes. The two rhomboid genes <i>cg0049</i> and <i>cg2767</i> of <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> were mutated and it was the aim of this study to investigate consequences in respect to growth phenotype, stress resistance, transcriptome, proteome, and lipidome composition. Albeit increased amount of Cg2767 upon heat stress, its absence did not change the growth behavior of <i>C. glutamicum</i> during exponential and stationary phase. Quantitative shotgun mass spectrometry was used to compare the rhomboid mutant with wild type strain and revealed that proteins covering diverse cellular functions were differentially abundant with more proteins affected in the stationary than in the exponential growth phase. An observation common to both growth phases was a decrease in ribosomal subunits and RNA polymerase, differences in iron uptake proteins, and abundance changes in lipid and mycolic acid biosynthesis enzymes that suggested a functional link of rhomboids to cell envelope lipid biosynthesis. The latter was substantiated by shotgun lipidomics in the stationary growth phase, where in a strain-dependent manner phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol increased irrespective of cultivation temperature.
Effects of simulated chlorsulfuron drift on fruit yield and quality of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) (1995)

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at the Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Prosser, Washington, in 1992 and 1993 to study the effects of simulated chlorsulfuron (2 chloro-N [[(4 methoxy-6 methyl 1,3,5-tnazin 2 yl)amino]-carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide) drift at different reproductive growth stages of three cherry (Prunus avium L ) cultivars, Rainier, Chinook, and Bing Branches of each cultivar were treated at side-green, full bloom, postbloom, and pit hardening growth stages with 0, 251 1 × 10 7, 83 8 × 10 7, 27 9 × 10−7, 9 3 × 10−7, and 3 1 × 10−7 M chlorsulfuron In single-exposure expetiments, Chinook was adversely affected by the lower levels of chlorsulfuron Bing was not affected by levels of chlorsulfuron below 27 9 × 10 7 M The yield and quality of fruit decreased significantly with the increase in chlorsulfuron concentrations applied at full bloom and postbloom stages Reduction in yield was correlated with the severity of injury symptoms on leaves In the multiple exposure experiments, fruit yield, fruit size, and color were significantly reduced by increasing chlorsulfuron concentration and number of exposures Average firmness of fruit increased with increases in chlorsulfuron concentration The data suggested that multiple exposures of a susceptible cherry cultivar to low levels of chlorsulfuron at full bloom and postbloom stage can reduce fruit yield and delay maturity of cherries while increasing fruit firmness
Poly-SiGe: A High-Q Structural Material for Integrated RF MEMS (2002)

This paper presents new material data for single-and multilayer CMOS compatible poly-SiGe films, including mechanical quality factor (Q), Young's modulus, and strain gradient. Using audio frequency folded-flexure comb-drive resonators, the mechanical quality factor of poly-SiGe was determined at 2Torr pressure. As-deposited poly-SiGe has Q = 20,000 -31,000. CMOS compatible rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 525C for 60 seconds results in a quality factor between 40,000 and 44,000. We have measured the highest Q factor yet reported for poly-SiGe (Q 61,100), as a result of RTA at 600C for one minute. The measured resonant frequencies of the resonators were used to back-calculate the Young's modulus of poly-SiGe: E = 155 5GPa. The calculated elastic modulus is significantly higher than the metallurgical Young's modulus of 146GPa. The as-deposited strain gradient of the tri-layer poly-SiGe film was found to be 1.7510 -4 m -1 (curl-up). RTA at 600C for one minute drops the tri-layer strain gradient to 2.6710 -5 m -1 (curl-up). The graded Ge content multi-layer film was observed to induce a larger normalized strain gradient.
Anti-inflammatory treatment may prolong survival in undernourished patients with metastatic solid tumors. (1994)

Eicosanoids may be important factors for tumor cell proliferation, metastatic formation, and development of cancer cachexia. The present study has evaluated the effect of anti-inflammatory treatment on tumor progression in clinical cancer. Patients (n = 135) with insidious or overt malnutrition due to generalized malignancy (various kinds of solid tumors) and an expected survival of more than 6 months were randomized by a computer-based algorithm to receive placebo, prednisolone (10 mg twice daily), or indomethacin (50 mg twice daily) p.o. until death. Patient groups were stratified in the randomization procedure for sex, tumor type, stage, nutritional state, and previous tumor treatment, and biochemical, physiological, and some functional variables (Karnowsky index, fatigue and pain score). A majority of these variables was then registered during the follow-up. Indomethacin and prednisolone treatment maintained Karnowsky index, while placebo-treated patients experienced a decreased index. Indomethacin-treated patients suffered less pain and consumed less additional analgetics compared to the other patient groups. Indomethacin prolonged mean survival compared to placebo-treated patients from 250 +/- 28 days to 510 +/- 28 days (P < 0.05). Survival analysis on observations from all patients treated with either indomethacin or prednisolone demonstrated a significantly prolonged survival by anti-inflammatory treatment compared to placebo treatment (log rank, P < 0.03). The results suggest that not only may prostaglandin synthesis inhibition offer palliative support to patients with solid advanced cancer, but it may also impact on pathways that ultimately determine outcome.