gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Work in progress - the triangulated learning model for engineering education (2005)

The triangulated learning model is a framework for implementing the engineering analysis and design process with middle school students in their science classrooms. The model is inquiry-based and integrates the components of simulation, construction, and connection. The model was piloted in eight middle school science classrooms using three teacher-developed modules that included Web-based simulations, a construction phase, and specific activities designed to promote connections to underlying scientific and mathematical concepts. This paper describes early indicators of the effectiveness of the model from data collected through classroom observations of the eight teachers.
GestAKey (2018)

Conventionally, keys on a physical keyboard have only two states: "released'' and "pressed''. As such, various techniques, such as hotkeys, are designed to enhance the keyboard expressiveness. Realizing that user inevitably perform touch actions during keystrokes, we propose GestAKey, leveraging location and motion of the touch on individual keycaps to augment the functionalities of existing keystrokes. With a log study, we collected touch data for both normal usage (typing and hotkeys) and while performing touch gestures (location and motion), which are analyzed to assess the viability of augmenting keystrokes with simultaneous gestures. A controlled experiment was conducted to compare GestAKey with existing keyboard interaction techniques, in terms of efficiency and learnability. The results show that GestAKey has comparable performance with hotkey. We further discuss the insights of integrating such touch modality into existing keyboard interaction, and demonstrate several usage scenarios.
Whole-brain analysis of concurrent TMS-EEG-fMRI reveals brain-wide state-dependent TMS effects (2023)

Abstract Introduction: Concurrent TMS-fMRI studies have established the propagation of TMS-induced activity from the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (left-DLPFC) to various afferents. However, the state-dependent effect of TMS propagation pathways is less understood. Here, we used concurrent TMS-EEG-fMRI to investigate the dependency of TMS-induced activity on the brain-state (indexed via EEG prefrontal alpha phase). Methods: EEG-fMRI data were acquired from twenty-six major depression patients inside a Siemens 3T Prisma scanner. Single-pulse TMS was delivered to the left-DLPFC (F3 electrode), with inter-trial-intervals drawn from a uniform distribution (4-6 TRs). After preprocessing, prefrontal alpha (6-13 Hz) was extracted from the EEG signals at channels FP1, F3 and F7, and the phase (index of brain-state) at TMS onset was estimated. TMS trials were grouped into four phase bins based on the alpha phase. Then, general linear modeling (GLM) was used to model the BOLD signal at left-DLPFC (stimulation site), with the trials in each phase bin as a separate regressor. For each subject, the phase bins that generated the highest and lowest BOLD response at left-DLPFC were identified as the subject-wise preferred-phase and nonpreferred-phase, respectively. Lastly, whole-brain GLM analysis was performed to identify correlates of the preferred-vs-nonpreferred phase contrast. Results: At the group-level, TMS significantly (p<0.05,FWE-corrected) elevated BOLD signals in various brain regions including dorsal anterior cingulate, thalamus, right-DLPFC, but not left-DLPFC. The preferred-vs-nonpreferred phase contrast analysis identified regions in the lateral frontoparietal network (L-FPN) as significant clusters (p<0.001,uncorrected) including bilateral DLPFC and inferior parietal lobule. Lastly, at the subject-level, to investigate phase contrast effects at left-DLPFC, we permuted trials’ phase bin labels, and the permutation test showed that eleven subjects have significant phase contrast effects at left-DLPFC (p<0.05). Conclusion: The group-level whole-brain analysis suggests that the propagation of TMS-induced BOLD activity from the left-DLPFC to regions in the L-FPN depends on the brain-state. Research Category and Technology and Methods Basic Research: 10. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Keywords; TMS, EEG, fMRI, MDD
Nondestructive Evaluation of Bonding and Delamination by Ultrasonic Testing. (1992)

Delamination in plastic-encapsulated integrated circuit packaging can lead to premature failure and also decrease heat resistivity. Therefore, development of nondestructive inspection of the bondind surface in a plastic package is an important subject for reliability improvement of integrated circuits. In this paper, delamination at the resin-chip interface which is measured using ultrasonic testing is discussed. At the delamination surface, the phase of reflected ultrasonic waves is reversed and at the bonding surface it is not. By using this phenomena, bonding and delamination can be discriminated. Delamination filled with water is also discussed. In this case, characteristic variation with frequency of ultrasound used is available for measurement of the gap thickness.
[2 + 1]‐Cycloadditionen von Inaminen und Indiaminen an Kohlenstoffmonosulfid (1984)

Die ersten erfolgreichen Cycloadditionen von CS führten zu den Cyclopropenthionen 2 und 3 . Inamine 1 bzw. Indiamine wurden wegen ihres Elektronenreichtums als Reaktionspartner gewählt. magnified image
Anti-infectives:  Recent Advances in Chemistry and Structure−Activity Relationships Edited by P. H. Bentley (Smith & Nephew Group Research Centre) and P. J. O'Hanlon (SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals). American Chemical Society:  Washington, DC. 1997. xi + 338 pp. $174.00. ISBN 0-85404-7077. (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTAnti-infectives: Recent Advances in Chemistry and Structure−Activity Relationships Edited by P. H. Bentley (Smith & Nephew Group Research Centre) and P. J. O'Hanlon (SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals). American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. 1997. xi + 338 pp. $174.00. ISBN 0-85404-7077.Dale F. MierkeView Author Information Brown UniversityCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 32, 8289Publication Date (Web):July 1, 1998Publication History Published online1 July 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9756533https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9756533book-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Antimicrobial agents,Inhibitors,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Viruses Get e-Alerts
Polymerized Phosphatidylcholine Vesicles as Drug Carriersa (1985)

Polymerized ammonium and phosphatidylcholine vesicles have been synthesized via poly(methacrylate) and poly(disulfide) formation. A functionalized polymeric liposome has also been synthesized and effectively conjugated with alpha chymotrypsin. Vesicles derived from 2 have been studied most extensively as potential carriers of drugs. The are extremely stable toward physical perturbation and exposure to organic solvents or detergents, and should be able to maintain their integrity and homogeneity during pharmaceutical manufacturing procedures, including lyophilization. The fact that they retain substantial quantities of lipophilic substances in the presence of detergent concentrations in excess of those found in the upper gastrointestinal tract suggests that they should be able to carry and selectively release lipophilic drugs in the lower reaches of the GI tract. Moreover, the apparent lack of acute toxicity of these vesicles, as indicated by intravenous administration to outbred mice, further suggests that such photopolymerized liposomes may represent a unique and valuable carrier for the controlled delivery of certain types of therapeutic agents, especially by the oral route.
820 An Unusual Case of Post-Traumatic Brain Injury Kleine-Levin Syndrome with Anti-GAD-65 Autoantibodies (2021)

Abstract Introduction Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS) is a rare clinical syndrome, and is precipitated by traumatic brain injury (TBI) in 9% of cases. An autoimmune component to KLS has previously been suggested. Autoantibody profiles in KLS are diverse and its overlap with autoimmune encephalitis is still not well described or understood. Here, a case of KLS in a patient with autoimmune diabetes with very high levels of serum autoimmune GAD-65 antibodies is presented. Report of case(s) A 36-year-old male Veteran with a history of alpha-thalassemia minor, prior history of insomnia with nightly sleep of 6 hours, prior history of mild OSA with AHI of 5.8 on PSG in 2018, sustained a mild TBI on 11/13/2019 after a 50-pound box fell on his head. CT head and cervical spine were normal. One week later, he developed recurrent episodes of hypersomnia, sleeping up to 80 hours continuously, waking briefly only to urinate or eat, with hyperphagia, irritability, and derealization present during episodes. One month after the TBI, he was diagnosed with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) after blood glucose was found to be elevated at 566. Serum GAD-65 antibody level was very elevated at 10,594 U/mL (ref range: 0–5 U/mL), hemoglobin a1c was 7.7%, and insulin was started. Six months later, he was evaluated in the VA Sleep Clinic for continued hypersomnia, despite controlled diabetes. Neurological examination, MRI brain, and sleep-deprived EEG were normal. Cerebrospinal fluid testing was normal, with the exception of a CSF autoimmune encephalitis panel with a positive GAD-65 titer of 0.24 nmol/L (range &amp;lt;0.02 nmol/L) – non-diagnostic for autoimmune encephalitis. HLA-DQ1B status is pending. Conclusion Autoimmunity is an emerging topic of clinical significance in KLS. GAD-65 serum antibodies have both endocrine and neurologic significance, with high levels seen in autoimmune diabetes, encephalitis, stiff-person syndrome, and cerebellar ataxia. An autoantibody panel can be considered in patients with KLS, as the presence of autoimmune encephalitis may support the use of immunotherapy. Support (if any) Portland VA Research Foundation to Dr. Lim. The contents do not represent the views of the United States Government.
DISPLACEMENT AND ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS OF SUBSTITUTED 2-CHLORO-1,3,2-BENZODIOXASTIBOLES WITH BASES (1988)

Abstract 2-Chloro-1,3,2-benzodioxastiboles undergo apparent nucleophilic displacement reactions on antimony in reactions with relatively weak bases. For example, 2-chloro-5-methyl-1,3,2-benzodioxastibole (3) gives 2-(n-butylamino)-5-methyl-1,3,2-benzodioxastibole (14) on treatment with n-butylamine. However, reaction of a 2-chloro-1,3,2-benzodioxastibole with a strong base leads, at least in part, to an apparent electron transfer reaction, with formation of a complex mixture of products. For example, treatment of 2-chloro-5-tert-butyl-1,3,2-benzodioxastibole (2) with phenylmagnesium bromide in tetrahydrofuran, with subsequent acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the reaction mixture, gives rise to tert-butyl alcohol, catechol, 4-tert-butyl-catechol, phenol, triphenylantimony, biphenyl and methyl-phenylcarbinol.
CO2 clearance by membrane lungs (2017)

CO<sub>2</sub> clearance can be greater than 4 times that of oxygen at a given blood flow when the gas to blood flow ratio is elevated to 4:1 or 8:1. The CO<sub>2</sub> clearance was less dependent on surface area and configuration than oxygen transfer. Any ECMO system can be used for selective CO<sub>2</sub> removal.
1961 City of Windsor Directory (1961)

City of Windsor directory for the year 1961. Including Remington Park, Riverside and most of Sandwich East and Sandwich West Townships.
Trends in formation of the nanocrystalline structure and cationic ordering in the Dy2O3-HfO2 (1: 1) system (2013)

Evolution of the nanocrystalline structure of the complex oxide Dy2HfO5 in the course of thermal annealing at temperatures to 1600°C has been studied by a combination of X-ray and synchrotron methods, including traditional and anomalous X-ray diffraction, PDF, EXAFS, and SAXS. The changes in crystallite size upon annealing of the as-synthesized amorphous precursor have been analyzed in detail. The systematic distortions of a fluorite-type perfect crystal structure (space group $$Fm\bar 3m$$ ) related to the nonequivalence of the local environment of the Dy and Hf cations but not resulting in formation of a pyrochlore-type cationordered structure in this system have been examined.
A scalable 64-element 28 ghz phased-array transceiver with 50 dbm eirp and 8-12 gbps 5g link at 300 meters without any calibration (2018)

This paper presents a 28 GHz 5G communication link using 64-element (8×8) phased-arrays. The design is based on quad-core (2×2) transmit/receive (TRX) beamformer chips with 6-bit phase control in SiGe BiCMOS. Sixteen of these chips are assembled on a 12-layer printed circuit board (PCB) together with a Wilkinson combiner/divider network and stacked patch antennas. The antenna can achieve an S11 bandwidth of 4 GHz (28-32 GHz) and the array has a measured saturated EIRP of 50 dBm with 5 GHz 3-dB bandwidth. The phased-array can scan to ±50° in azimuth (H-plane) and ±25° in elevation (E-plane) with low sidelobes and without any calibration. A 300 meter wireless link is demonstrated with a data rate of 8-12 Gbps over all scan angles using 16-/64-QAM waveforms. To our knowledge, this is the highest data rate at the longest link distance demonstrated for a single-beam 28 GHz 5G array.
Exploring outliers in compositional data with structural zeros (2017)

The analysis of compositional data using the log-ratio approach is based on ratios between compositional parts. Zeros in the parts thus cause serious difficulties for the analysis. This is a particular problem in presence of structural zeros, resulting from a structural process rather than from imprecision of a measurement device. Examples of structural zeros in compositional data are, e.g. expenditures in tobacco for non-smokers, tax payments on shares for non-share holders, time budget on sports for people who do not do any sports at all, etc. Therefore, structural zeros cannot be simply replaced by a non-zero value as it is done, e.g. for values below detection limit or missing values. Instead, zeros have to be incorporated into further statistical processing. We lay the focus on exploratory tools for identifying outliers in compositional data sets with structural zeros. For this purpose, robust Mahalanobis distances are estimated; they are computed either directly for subcompositions determined by their zero patterns or by using imputation as an auxiliary step to improve the efficiency of the estimates. Consequently, we proceed to the subcompositional and subgroup level. For this approach, new theory is formulated that allows to estimate covariances for imputed compositional data and to apply estimations on subgroups using blocks of this covariance matrix (Templ, Hron and Filzmoser, 2016). Moreover, the zero pattern structure is analyzed using PCA for binary data (de Leeuw, 2016) to achieve a comprehensive view of the overall multivariate structure of zeros. The proposed tools are applied to large-scale data from official statistics, where the need for an appropriate treatment of zeros is obvious.
A simple free-space method for measuring the complex permittivity of single and compound dielectric materials (2000)

A simple and efficient method for determining the complex permittivity of dielectric materials from both reflected and transmitted signals is presented. It is also novel because the technique is implemented using two pyramidal horns without any focusing mechanisms. The dielectric constant of a noninteractive and distributive (NID) mixture of dielectrics is also determined. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 26: 117–119, 2000.
Dynamical properties of forced shear layers in an annular geometry (2000)

Results of numerical simulations of a forced shear flow in an annular geometry are presented. The particular geometry used in this work reduces the effects of centrifugal and Coriolis forces. However, there are still a large number of system parameters (shear width, shear profile, radius of curvature, initial conditions, etc.) to characterize. This set of variables is limited after the code has been validated with experimental results (Rabaud &amp; Couder 1983; Chomaz et al . 1988) and with the associated linear stability analysis. As part of the linear stability characterization, the pseudo-spectrum for the associated Orr–Sommerfeld operator for plane, circular Couette flow is calculated, and it is found to be insensitive to perturbations. The numerical simulation code is a highly accurate de-aliased spectral method which utilizes banded operators to increase the computational efficiency. Viscous dissipation terms enter the code directly from the equations of motion. The results from the simulation code at low Reynolds numbers are compared with the results from linear stability analysis and are used to give predictions for the coefficients of the Landau equation describing the saturation behaviour near the critical Reynolds number. Numerical results at higher Reynolds numbers demonstrate the effects of spin-up and spin-down, including the experimentally observed hysteresis. The properties of two- dimensional shears at high Reynolds numbers, at which temporal states are formed, are also addressed.
Virtualization on Internet of Things Edge Devices With Container Technologies: A Performance Evaluation (2017)

Lightweight virtualization technologies have revolutionized the world of software development by introducing flexibility and innovation to this domain. Although the benefits introduced by these emerging solutions have been widely acknowledged in cloud computing, recent advances have led to the spread of such technologies in different contexts. As an example, the Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile edge computing benefit from container virtualization by exploiting the possibility of using these technologies not only in data centers but also on devices, which are characterized by fewer computational resources, such as single-board computers. This has led to a growing trend to more efficiently redesign the critical components of IoT/edge scenarios (e.g., gateways) to enable the concept of device virtualization. The possibility for efficiently deploying virtualized instances on single-board computers has already been addressed in recent studies; however, these studies considered only a limited number of devices and omitted important performance metrics from their empirical assessments. This paper seeks to fill this gap and to provide insights for future deployments through a comprehensive performance evaluation that aims to show the strengths and weaknesses of several low-power devices when handling container-virtualized instances.
Rapid Analysis of Single Droplets of Lanthanide–Ligand Solutions by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Using an Induction-Based Fluidics Source (2013)

Electrospray ionization mass spectra of lanthanide coordination complexes were measured by launching nanoliter-sized droplets directly into the aperture of an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer. Droplets ranged in size from 102 nL to 17 nL, while metal concentrations were 293 μM. The sample solution was delivered to a source capillary by a nanoliter dispenser at a rate of 21 nL/s, and droplets were ejected from the capillary by pulsing a potential onto the capillary. The end of the capillary was situated in front of the mass spectrometer and aimed directly at the aperture. The period and power of the electrical pulse was controlled by a digital energy source. The intensity of the extracted ion time profiles from the experiment showed reproducible production of lanthanide nitrato-anion complexes (Ce, Tb, and Lu). The integrated ion intensities of the complexes were reproducible, having relative standard deviations on the order 10% for anions, and 10-30% for cations. The integrated ion intensities were proportional to the droplet size, and the response was linear from about 100 to 650 pmol. However, the intercept is not zero, indicating a nonlinear response at lower analyte quantities or droplet sizes. Cation complexes were generated in separate experiments that corresponded to lanthanide nitrate ion pairs coordinated with the separations ligand octyl,phenyl,(N,N-diisobutylcarbamoyl)methylphosphine oxide (CMPO). Experiments showed a preference for formation of CMPO complexes with Ln(3+) having larger ionic radii. The relative standard deviation values of the cation abundance measurements were somewhat higher for the more highly coordinated complexes, which are also less stable. The mass spectral quality was high enough to measure the ratios of the minor isotopic ions to a high degree of accuracy. The approach suggests that the methodology has utility for analysis of solutions where the sample quantity is limited, or where the sampling efficiency of a normal ESI source is limiting on account of hazards derived from the sample solution.
Cellular expression of the C5a anaphylatoxin receptor (C5aR): demonstration of C5aR on nonmyeloid cells of the liver and lung. (1995)

The small-complement C5 activation fragment, C5a, is a potent phlogistic molecule that, on binding to the C5a Receptor (C5aR), mediates contraction of smooth muscle, enhances vascular permeability, and promotes leukocyte functions such as directed chemotaxis, degranulation, mediator release, and production of superoxide anions. Although C5aR expression has traditionally been thought to be limited primarily to myeloid blood cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils, we report here that C5aR is expressed by liver and lung cells as well as by cells in several other tissues. By Northern blot analysis, it was determined that mouse liver, baboon liver, human liver, and the human hepatoma-derived cell line HepG2 express a normal size (2.3 kb) C5aR mRNA; in HepG2 cells, the quantity of C5aR mRNA was comparable to that contained in dbcAMP-differentiated U937 cells. HepG2 cells were demonstrated to express the C5aR on their cell surface by flow cytometric and immunofluorescence analyses as well as by 125I-C5a binding assays. The binding data indicated that HepG2 cells express a single class of C5aR with a Kd of 1.18 nM and approximately 28,000 receptors per cell. In vivo expression of C5aR in human liver cells was demonstrated by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analyses. Northern blot analysis of murine and baboon organs shows that, in addition to the liver, other tissues express C5aR mRNA in significant quantities, including the spleen, lung, heart, kidney, and intestine. Moreover, mice treated with LPS show a large increase in C5aR mRNA in all these tissues except the intestine. Immunostaining of human lung tissue demonstrated that bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, as well as vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, also express the C5aR. Collectively, these data indicate that the C5aR is expressed in several different types of cells in liver and lung, and in yet undetermined cell types in spleen, heart, intestine, and kidney. Furthermore, these data suggest that the C5a anaphylatoxin mediates previously unrecognized functions by binding to tissue cells that express the C5aR.