gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TH‐C‐332‐04: Comparison of Residual Motion Artifacts in Phase‐ and Amplitude‐Binned Onboard 4D‐CBCT Imaging (2008)

Purpose: Linac‐mounted 4D‐Cone Beam CT (CBCT) imaging is an important tool for extending 3D IGRT techniques to respiration‐motion synchronized treatments. Our purpose is to evaluate the effects of two different projection binning strategies, phase and amplitude binning, on the image quality of our recently implemented 4D‐CBCT method using the Varian On Board Imager and RPM breathing motion surrogate. Method and Materials: We have implemented a 4D‐CBCT imaging procedure that adjusts the acquisition parameters to the breathing period. The Varian Real‐time Position Management system (RPM) was used to establish temporal coincidence between the respiratory motion and the CBCT projections. Projections were sorted into 10 bins. For the projections sorted into each bin, the variances about the RPM amplitude and phase means was calculated and compared to the image quality achieved in CBCT images. 4D‐CBCTs were studied with a phantom with irregular motion cycle. The phantom consists of two acrylic spheres and one cylinder on a motion platform to mimic the superior‐inferior tumor motion mostly seen in patients. Results: With breathing cycle period variation but not amplitude variation, we found that amplitude binning produced fewer blurring artifacts which was consistent with RPM analysis which showed significantly smaller amplitude variances for amplitude binning. For the patient subjects, the RPM amplitude but not phase variances were smaller for amplitude binning. However, image quality was significantly better when phase binning was used. We hypothesize that the under‐sampling artifacts play a major role over the motion artifacts which is the case for amplitude binning, while the phase binning has a good control of aliasing artifacts. Residual motion artifacts persist in both phase‐ and amplitude‐ binning 4D‐CBCT images. Conclusion: Optimizing the binning strategies requires understanding complex interplay between residual motion in each bin and other factors such as uniformity and adequacy of angular sampling. Supported by PPG‐NIH‐P01116602.
Broadcast Performance Analysis and Improvements of the LTE-V2V Autonomous Mode at Road Intersection (2019)

An autonomous V2V communication mode (also known as side-link mode 4), which facilitates V2V communication in out of eNB coverage areas, has recently been introduced into the Long term evolution (LTE) standard. Recent research has studied the performance of this LTE-V2V autonomous mode for a highway use case. However, performance analysis for a highway use case cannot be easily applied to an intersection use case as it may contain non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication links. In this paper, we analyze and evaluate the safety message broadcasting performance of LTE-V2V autonomous mode in an urban intersection scenario. Considering practical path loss models, we present the impact of NLOS communication link on the overall message dissemination performance. Through the analytical and simulation results, we show that the overall message dissemination performance degrades drastically with increasing vehicle density and increasing distance of the transmitting vehicle from the intersection. To improve the performance, we propose a vehicle-assisted relaying scheme in which the relaying vehicle is selected in an autonomous manner. We also present two resource allocation strategies for the relaying vehicle. For low to medium vehicle density along the street, we observe significant improvement in message dissemination through relaying compared to the scheme without relaying.
Mapping the genomic landscape of inherited retinal disease genes prioritizes genes prone to coding and noncoding copy-number variations (2017)

PurposePart of the hidden genetic variation in heterogeneous genetic conditions such as inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) can be explained by copy-number variations (CNVs). Here, we explored the genomic landscape of IRD genes listed in RetNet to identify and prioritize those genes susceptible to CNV formation.MethodsRetNet genes underwent an assessment of genomic features and of CNV occurrence in the Database of Genomic Variants and literature. CNVs identified in an IRD cohort were characterized using targeted locus amplification (TLA) on extracted genomic DNA.ResultsExhaustive literature mining revealed 1,345 reported CNVs in 81 different IRD genes. Correlation analysis between rankings of genomic features and CNV occurrence demonstrated the strongest correlation between gene size and CNV occurrence of IRD genes. Moreover, we identified and delineated 30 new CNVs in IRD cases, 13 of which are novel and three of which affect noncoding, putative cis-regulatory regions. Finally, the breakpoints of six complex CNVs were determined using TLA in a hypothesis-neutral manner.ConclusionWe propose a ranking of CNV-prone IRD genes and demonstrate the efficacy of TLA for the characterization of CNVs on extracted DNA. Finally, this IRD-oriented CNV study can serve as a paradigm for other genetically heterogeneous Mendelian diseases with hidden genetic variation.
Annealing effect of niobium pentoxide for low voltage electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) (2011)

In this paper, the high dielectric constants for Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> (~25.5) were deposited by a RF reactive magnetron sputtering and respectively annealed at 400 °C O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ambiance for 30 min in a conventional furnace. Based on the results, an electrowetting optical deflector (EOD) filled with the water (1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) and dodecane was fabricated and tested, and the contact angle of the inclined liquid surface on the left and right sidewall can be varied about 70° at 9 V operating voltage. This study provides a practical way to fabricate a high dielectric constant layer for low voltage electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) application.
The influence of lift frequency, lift duration and work experience on discomfort reporting (2007)

Discomfort surveys are commonly used to assess risk in the workplace and prioritize jobs for interventions before an injury or illness occurs. However, discomfort is a subjective measure and the relationship of discomfort to work-related factors is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to understand how reports of discomfort relate to work-related risk factors for the low back. A total of 12 novice and 12 experienced manual materials handlers performed repetitive, asymmetric lifts at different load levels and at six different lift frequencies throughout an 8-h exposure period. Discomfort was recorded hourly throughout the day. Analyses were performed to determine which experimental factors influenced reporting of discomfort and if discomfort trends matched spine loading trends. Novice lifters reported significantly higher discomfort levels than experienced subjects. They also reported increases in discomfort as moment exposure increased and as the exposure time increased. Novices lifting at 8 Nm load moment level reported increased discomfort from 0.07 to 0.63 by the end of the day, at 36 Nm they reported an increase from 0.04 to 0.40 and at 85 Nm they reported an increase from 0.37 to 3.06. Experienced subjects, on the other hand, reported low levels of discomfort regardless of moment exposure, lift frequency or exposure duration. The reported discomforts were generally unrelated to the biomechanical loading on the spine. Discomfort reporting appears to be more a reflection of experience than of work risk factor exposure. Experienced subjects may have more efficient motor patterns, which reduce spinal load and thus discomfort. Novice subjects seemed to have a lower threshold of discomfort. Caution is needed when using discomfort reporting as a means to identify jobs in need of interventions, in that biomechanical loading may not be accurately represented. Discomfort should only be used as a supplement to objective measures, such as spinal loading, to assess the risk of low back disorders.
SBIM(Q) - a Multivariate Polynomial Trapdoor Function over the Field of Rational Numbers (2014)

Abstract. In this paper we define a trapdoor function called SBIM(Q) by using multivariate polynomials over the field of rational numbers Q: The public key consists of 2n multivariate polynomials with 3n variables y1; : : : ; yn; z1; : : : ; z2n. The yi variables take care for the information content, while the zi variables are for redundant information. Thus, for encryption of a plaintext of n rational numbers, a ciphertext of 2n ra-tional numbers is used. The security is based on the fact that there are infinitely many solutions of a system with 2n polynomial equations of 3n unknowns. The public key is designed by quasigroup transformations obtained from quasigroups presented in matrix form. The quasigroups presented in ma-trix form allow numerical as well as symbolic computations, and here we exploit that possibility. The private key consists of several 1n and nn matrices over Q, and one 2n 2n matrix.
The Prize Collecting Steiner Tree Problem (2000)

This work is motivated by an application in local access network design that can be modeled using the NP-hard Prize Collecting Steiner Tree problem. We consider several variants on this problem and on the primal-dual 2-approximation algorithm devised for it by Goemans and Williamson. We develop several modifications to the algorithm which lead to theoretical as well as practical improvements in the performance of the algorithm for the original problem. We also demonstrate how already existing algorithms can be extended to solve the bicriteria variants of the problem with constant factor approximation guarantees. Our work leads to practical heuristics applicable in network design.
1237: ANALYSIS OF FACILITATORS OF AND BARRIERS TO APNEIC OXYGENATION AND VIDEOLARYNGOSCOPY IN THE PICU (2019)

Davis, Katherine1; Rosenblatt, Samuel2; Buffman, Hayley3; Polikoff, Lee4; Napolitano, Natalie3; Nadkarni, Vinay2; Nishisaki, Akira3 Author Information
Polymer waveguides useful over a very wide wavelength range from the ultraviolet to infrared (2000)

We have designed and fabricated polymer waveguides using the glassy polymers Cytop™ (a fluorinated polyether), PMMA C6 [poly(methyl methacrylate)], and Cyclotene™ 3022-35 (bisbenzocyclobutane). Since these materials exhibit excellent transparency over a wide wavelength range, and since the refractive index difference of Cytop™ and Cyclotene™ or Cytop™ and PMMA is greater than 0.19, both Cytop™/Cyclotene™/Cytop™ and Cytop™/PMMA/Cytop™ waveguide structures can be employed over a very wide wavelength range from the ultraviolet to the infrared. Efficient waveguiding is achieved for different light sources with 390, 633, 1064, 1310, and 1550 nm wavelengths.
A Model-Based Design Process for the SegBus Distributed Architecture (2008)

We discuss a design process for a custom distributed platform, namely the SegBus segmented bus architecture. The main emphasis of this work is on how different steps of the process are interconnected and how they are supported by the associated tool chain. We place the SegBus design process in the context of the model-driven architecture (MDA) paradigm, in order to provide graphical editors that allow the editing of the specification at different abstraction levels and automated transformations that refine the specification towards implementation. We customize the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to graphically specify different artifacts produced in the process and we employ UML-based tools to implement transformations between these artifacts. In addition, we adopt as application model the packet SDF (PSDF), an extension of the synchronous data flow (SDF) diagrams. By modeling the operational semantics for the SegBus architecture, the PSDF facilitates the mapping of the application on the architecture. From the mapping process we obtain the requirements for the structural VHDL code of the application-platform instance realization and the control code for the arbiters of the architecture.
A new DRAM cell structure with Capacitor-Equiplanar-to-Bitline (CEB) for bitline coupling noise elimination (2002)

A new cell structure for minimizing bit-line coupling noise in DRAM with stack capacitor is proposed in this paper. The node capacitors are fabricated in between bit-lines, so that the bit-line to bit-line capacitance coupling is blocked by the node capacitor and is shielded by the plate. This scheme is referred to as Capacitor-Equiplanar-to-Bitline (CEB). In this way, as 3D simulation shows, the bit-line coupling noise can be almost eliminated to <1% of total bit-line capacitance. The SPICE simulation shows /spl sim/3 ns faster bit-line signal sensing in 0.25 /spl mu/m 64 Mb CMOS DRAM. The CEB scheme also leads to a smaller topology and a simpler fabrication process.
Nonlinear Compressive Particle Filtering (2013)

Many systems for which compressive sensing is used today are dynamical. The common approach is to neglect the dynamics and see the problem as a sequence of independent problems. This approach has two disadvantages. Firstly, the temporal dependency in the state could be used to improve the accuracy of the state estimates. Secondly, having an estimate for the state and its support could be used to reduce the computational load of the subsequent step. In the linear Gaussian setting, compressive sensing was recently combined with the Kalman filter to mitigate above disadvantages. In the nonlinear dynamical case, compressive sensing can not be used and, if the state dimension is high, the particle filter would perform poorly. In this paper we combine one of the most novel developments in compressive sensing, nonlinear compressive sensing, with the particle filter. We show that the marriage of the two is essential and that neither the particle filter or nonlinear compressive sensing alone gives a satisfying solution.
Cambio climático y transición energética: una oportunidad hacia el nuevo paradigma sostenible (2019)

Iniciada en Polonia la vigesimocuarta Cumbre del Clima (COP24), la lucha contra el cambio climatico se esta llevando tambien en Espana, mediante la elaboracion y tramitacion parlamentaria de una proposicion de ley sobre el cambio climatico y la transicion energetica que permita la consecucion de los objetivos y compromisos asumidos por nuestro pais ante la UE y las Naciones Unidas. Se analizan en el presente trabajo las finalidades principales y el conjunto de medidas normativas de la proposicion de ley sobre el cambio climatico y la transicion energetica.
Electron‐transfer capacity of catechin derivatives and influence on the cell cycle and apoptosis in HT29 cells (2006)

Galloylated and nongalloylated catechin conjugates with cysteine derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their capacity to scavenge free radicals and to influence crucial functions (cell cycle, apoptosis) in HT29 colon carcinoma cells. We show that the nonphenolic part of the molecule modified the capacity of catechins to donate hydrogen atoms and to transfer electrons to free radicals. Nongalloylated derivatives did not significantly influence either the cell cycle or apoptosis. Among the galloylated species, 4beta-[S-(O-ethyl-cysteinyl)]epicatechin 3-O-gallate, which showed a high electron-transfer capacity (5 e- per molecule), arrested the cell cycle and induced apoptosis as expected for galloylated catechins such as tea (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate. 4beta-[S-(N-Acetyl-O-methyl-cysteinyl)]epicatechin 3-O-gallate, which showed the highest hydrogen-donating capacity (10 H per molecule) while keeping the electron-transfer capacity low (2.9 e- per molecule), did not trigger any significant apoptosis. The gallate moiety did not appear to be sufficient for the pro-apoptotic effect of the catechin derivatives in HT29 cells. Instead, a high electron-transfer capacity is more likely to be behind this effect. The use of stable radicals sensitive exclusively to electron transfer may help to design molecules with either preventive scavenging action (high hydrogen donation, low electron transfer) or therapeutic pro-apoptotic activity (high electron transfer).
Spin-Transfer Torque Switching Above Ambient Temperature (2012)

We report the temperature dependences of tunneling magnetoresistance ratio, coercivity, thermal stability, and switching current distribution of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) in the temperature range 25-80°C, the most probable working environment for spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM). Two distinct temperature dependence of the switching current density are apparent due to two switching mechanisms: a switching current density decrease with increasing temperature in the long-pulse ( >; 1 μs) regime, a result of thermally activated switching, but no decrease in the short-pulse (>;10 ns) regime, as a result of precessional switching. In the temperature range studied, the switching current density variation is less sensitive to environmental temperature than it is to switching time. Thus, switching time is the more important factor to consider in STT-RAM design.
Resolution of CGD Related Colitis after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease—Early Results From the 6903 Study of the Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC) (2018)

Background: Phagocytes of patients with CGD have a deficient NADPH oxidase and respiratory burst, which limit production of reactive oxygen species. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) offers a potential cure with resolution of life-threatening infections. Approximately 50% of CGD patients develop inflammatory bowel disease similar in pathology to Crohn's disease. CGD related colitis is often difficult to treat and increases disease associated morbidity. We sought to determine if CGD related colitis resolved after HSCT in CGD patients. Methods: Subjects were enrolled on PIDTC protocol 6903, a multi-center retrospective and prospective natural history study of patients treated for CGD since 1995. We evaluated survival, transplant strategy, and the incidence of colitis in CGD patients who received HSCT, at baseline and post-HSCT. The 2-year probability of survival among subjects with or without IBD at baseline was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the groups were compared using the log-rank test. Results: 153 subjects underwent HSCT for treatment of CGD during 1/1/2005-6/31/2016 and had known baseline colitis. 53 (35%) had a history of colitis prior to HSCT, and, 17 out of 44 evaluable patients (34%) had disease that was not controlled with medications at the time of HSCT. Conditioning regimens included BuCy (27%), BuFlu (27%), Bu + TBI (19%), FluMel (13%), and others (13%). Of these, 32 (21%), 10 (7%), and 6 (4%) subjects received grafts from HLA-matched sibling donors, other HLA-matched related donors, or mismatched related donors, respectively, while 104 (68%) received grafts from unrelated donors. Graft sources included bone marrow (55%), peripheral blood stem cells (28%) or cord blood (17%). Most subjects (71%) received a calcineurin inhibitor for GVHD prophylaxis with or without 1 or more additional agent(s). The 2-year probability of overall survival of those with or without a history of colitis at baseline was 82% (95% CI 68-90%) vs. 87% (95% CI 78-92%); P = .77. Among the 153 subjects with a history of colitis at baseline and evaluated at 2 years post-HSCT, 90% had resolution of colitis, 5% still had colitis symptoms, and 5% had unknown colitis status. Conclusions: Allogeneic HSCT for CGD was associated with anoverall survival of > 80% at 2 years. For at least 90% of CGD patients with a history of colitis at baseline and evaluable at 2 years post-HSCT, resolution of colitis was observed, consistent with curative treatment for colitis related to CGD. Sponsored by: NIAID and ORDR, NCATS, NIH (U54-AI-082973).
Autoinflammatory periodic fever, immunodeficiency, and thrombocytopenia (PFIT) caused by mutation in actin-regulatory gene WDR1 (2016)

The importance of actin dynamics in the activation of the inflammasome is becoming increasingly apparent. IL-1β, which is activated by the inflammasome, is known to be central to the pathogenesis of many monogenic autoinflammatory diseases. However, evidence from an autoinflammatory murine model indicates that IL-18, the other cytokine triggered by inflammasome activity, is important in its own right. In this model, autoinflammation was caused by mutation in the actin regulatory gene WDR1 We report a homozygous missense mutation in WDR1 in two siblings causing periodic fevers with immunodeficiency and thrombocytopenia. We found impaired actin dynamics in patient immune cells. Patients had high serum levels of IL-18, without a corresponding increase in IL-18-binding protein or IL-1β, and their cells also secreted more IL-18 but not IL-1β in culture. We found increased caspase-1 cleavage within patient monocytes indicative of increased inflammasome activity. We transfected HEK293T cells with pyrin and wild-type and mutated WDR1 Mutant protein formed aggregates that appeared to accumulate pyrin; this could potentially precipitate inflammasome assembly. We have extended the findings from the mouse model to highlight the importance of WDR1 and actin regulation in the activation of the inflammasome, and in human autoinflammation.
TOL proteins mediate vacuolar sorting of the borate transporter BOR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana (2018)

ABSTRACT Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants, however, it shows cytotoxicity at high concentrations. A borate transporter BOR1 is required for efficient transport of boron (B) toward the root stele in Arabidopsis thaliana . BOR1 shows polar localization in the plasma membrane of various root cells toward the stele-side under B limitation. To avoid over-accumulation of B, BOR1 in the plasma membrane is rapidly internalized and transported into the vacuole for proteolysis after high-B supply in an ubiquitination-dependent manner. Although BOR1 has been predicted to be transported into multi-vesicular bodies/late endosomes (MVB/LEs) via the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, experimental evidence was absent so far. In this study, we investigated the intracellular localization of BOR1 by visualizing endomembrane compartments, and tested the involvement of ESCRT-0-like proteins TOM1-LIKEs (TOLs) in the vacuolar sorting of BOR1. Under low-B conditions, a large portion of cytoplasmic BOR1 was localized in the trans -Golgi networks/early endosomes (TGN/EEs) labeled with VHA-a1 subunit. Pharmacological interference of endosomal recycling using brefeldin A induced colocalization of BOR1 with RabA5D, which labels recycling vesicles associated with the TGN. These data suggest that BOR1 cycles between plasma membrane and TGN/EE via RabA5D-positive endomembrane compartments under low-B conditions. On the other hand, under high-B conditions, BOR1 was localized in the inside of TOL5-positive MVB/LEs. To examine the roles of TOL proteins in intracellular trafficking of BOR1, we analyzed BOR1-GFP localization in the TOL quintuple mutant ( tolQ ; tol2-1tol3-1tol5-1tol6-1tol9-1 ) after high-B supply. In the tolQ mutant, vacuolar sorting of BOR1 was delayed, while the polar localization of BOR1 was not disturbed. Taken together, BOR1 is constantly transported to the TGN/EE by endocytosis and recycled to the plasma membrane likely via RabA5D-positive endomembrane compartments under low-B conditions. On the other hand, BOR1 is transported to the vacuole via TOL5-positive MVB/LEs under high-B conditions. TOL proteins are required for sorting of ubiquitinated BOR1 into MVB/LE for vacuolar degradation but not for the polar trafficking of BOR1.