gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AAV‐mediated delivery of an anti‐BACE1 VHH alleviates pathology in an Alzheimer's disease model (2022)

Single domain antibodies (VHHs) are potentially disruptive therapeutics, with important biological value for treatment of several diseases, including neurological disorders. However, VHHs have not been widely used in the central nervous system (CNS), largely because of their restricted blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Here, we propose a gene transfer strategy based on BBB-crossing adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors to deliver VHH directly into the CNS. As a proof-of-concept, we explored the potential of AAV-delivered VHH to inhibit BACE1, a well-characterized target in Alzheimer's disease. First, we generated a panel of VHHs targeting BACE1, one of which, VHH-B9, shows high selectivity for BACE1 and efficacy in lowering BACE1 activity in vitro. We further demonstrate that a single systemic dose of AAV-VHH-B9 produces positive long-term (12 months plus) effects on amyloid load, neuroinflammation, synaptic function, and cognitive performance, in the App<sup>NL-G-F</sup> Alzheimer's mouse model. These results constitute a novel therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases, which is applicable to a range of CNS disease targets.
Identification and ecological characterisation of three entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium complexes from Turkey (2001)

Abstract Two heterorhabditid nematode strains (TUR-H1 and TUR-H2), and their bacterial symbionts isolated from soil samples taken at the campus of the Agriculture Faculty of the University of Ankara, Turkey, were identified by molecular methods and by cross-breeding with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The bacterial symbionts shared &gt;99% similarity in the 16S rDNA sequence with Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii. Results of the restriction fragment length analysis of the ITS region assigned both nematode strains to the species H. bacteriophora. Cross-breeding confirmed the species designation for strain TUR-H2. Crosses of TUR-H1 with a hybrid strain of H. bacteriophora or with TUR-H2 resulted in infertile offspring. Both strains reproduced in monoxenic cultures of the symbionts P.luminescens isolated from H. bacteriophora and H. megidis and the resulting dauer juveniles retained cells of the bacteria. Reproduction on the symbionts isolated from H. indica failed. Infectivity at variable soil moisture and heat tolerance of the two heterorhabditid strains was compared with a Turkish isolate of Steinernema feltiae. Significantly more nematodes invaded the insect Galleria mellonella in a sandy soil assay at 10% water content than at lower values. A higher water content significantly reduced the invasion rate. Steinernema feltiae was better adapted to a temperature of 32°C than the heterorhabditid strains. Hardly any nematodes of all strains survived for longer than 4 h at 36°C.
Development of scFv(FRP5)-ETA-specific antibodies after treatment (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Phase I clinical study of the recombinant antibody toxin scFv(FRP5)-ETA specific for the ErbB2/HER2 receptor in patients with advanced solid malignomas"Breast Cancer Research 2005;7(5):R617-R626.Published online 1 Jun 2005PMCID:PMC1242130.Copyright © 2005 von Minckwitz et al, licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Relative levels of scFv(FRP5)-ETA-specific antibodies induced in patients by the treatment were determined by ELISA with plates coated with the antibody toxin. Sera taken on day 0 before treatment, and sera taken at the indicated days after onset of therapy were diluted 1:50 for analysis. The baseline was determined using several human control sera negative for scFv(FRP5)-ETA-specific antibodies (not shown). Dose levels and patients are indicated.
From Human Arms to a New Generation of Manipulators: Control and Design Principles (2001)

Abstract With the knowledge of the biological design of the human arm, we lay out the mechatronic design of a new generation of advanced light-weight robot manipulators with human-like dynamic characteristics. To achieve this property, the manipulator does not have to revert to a human-like, bionic design. A serial link manipulator, control technology, and sensorized joint actuators can generate a kinesthesis enabling high fidelity interaction of the robot with its environment. The design and control of the DLR light-weight robot is based on these principles. Based on generic properties governing the dynamic behavior of any arm, we discuss the difference between the human and the advanced robot arm. The mechatronic design of the advanced robot has to make use of these properties in a very different way than its biological counterpart to achieve a similar dynamic behavior.
Detection of water in organic solvents by photo-induced electron transfer method (2010)

A new class of fluorescence sensor for detection of water in organic solvents based on photo-induced electron transfer (PET) of anthracene coupled with an amino acid has been designed and developed.
Induction of Mutation in Mouse FM3A Cells by N4-Aminocytidine-Mediated Replicational Errors (1988)

To explore the potential use of a nucleoside analog, N4-aminocytidine, in studies of cellular biology, the mechanism of mutation induced by this compound in mouse FM3A cells in culture was studied. On treatment of cells in suspension with N4-aminocytidine, the mutation to ouabain resistance was induced. The major DNA-replicating enzyme in mammalian cells, DNA polymerase alpha, was used to investigate whether the possible cellular metabolite of N4-aminocytidine, N4-aminodeoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate (dCamTP), can be incorporated into the DNA during replication. Using [3H]dCamTP in an in vitro DNA-synthesizing system, we were able to show that this nucleotide analog can be incorporated into newly formed DNA and that it can serve as a substitute for either dCTP or dTTP. dCamTP in the absence of dCTP maintained the activated calf thymus DNA-directed polymerization of deoxynucleoside triphosphates as efficiently as in its presence. Even in the presence of dCTP, dCamTP was incorporated into the polynucleotide. When dCamTP was used as a single substrate in the poly(dA)-oligo(dT)-directed polymerase reaction, it was incorporated into the polynucleotide fraction. The extent of incorporation was 4% of that of dTTP incorporation when dTTP was used as a single substrate. Even in the presence of dTTP, dCamTP incorporation was observed. A copolymer containing N4-aminocytosine residues was shown to incorporate guanine residues opposite the N4-aminocytosines. However, we were unable to observe adenine incorporation opposite N4-aminocytosine in templates. These cell-free experiments show that an AT-to-GC transition can take place in the presence of dCamTP during DNA synthesis, strongly suggesting that the mutation induced in the FM3A cells by N4-aminocytidine is due to replicational errors.
Leptin in human reproduction (1999)

The recent discovery of the obese (ob) gene has provided new insight into the mechanism which controls body fat mass. Leptin, a product of the ob gene, serves as the link between fat and the brain. This protein, by acting at the level of the hypothalamus, decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure. Animals that lack leptin (ob/ob mice) develop profound obesity and become infertile. Treatment of these animals with leptin reduces food intake and restores normal fertility. Although leptin is important for the control of fat stores in certain species, the role of this substance in the development of human obesity remains obscure. However, it has been speculated that, in humans, obesity is related to leptin resistance. The relationship between fat and reproduction has been recognized for >20 years. This article discusses the relationship between leptin and human reproduction. In particular, recent knowledge about the possible role of leptin in various conditions such as puberty, polycystic ovary syndrome and pregnancy is reviewed. Also, the article discusses the possible role of leptin in ovarian function and the relationship of this protein with gonadal steroids. It is expected that future research will clarify the physiological importance of leptin in human reproductive function.
An Efficient Feature Selection Algorithm Based on Kullback-Leibler Divergence for Music Information Retrieval (2007)

In this paper, we propose an efficient feature selection algorithm for the music information retrieval based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence. In the proposed algorithm, we measure the separability of two classes using the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the corresponding Gaussian mixture models, and feature subset is chosen using the sequential forward selection method. We tested the proposed algorithm with ISMIR 2004 music database, which are categorized into six genres. 256 feature candidates were extracted for the experiments, which represent characteristics such as timbre, rhythm, pitch and so on. The classification was performed with the selected features using k-NN classifier. The experimental results are presented with regard to both conventional feature selection algorithms and the proposed algorithm.
Effects on DNA Damage and/or Repair Processes as Biological Mechanisms Linking Psychological Stress to Cancer Risk (2014)

Considerable research effort in the past several decades has focused on the impact of psychological stress, and stress hormones, on cancer <i>progression</i>. Numerous studies have reported that stress hormone treatment or <i>in vivo</i> stress exposure can enhance the growth of tumor cell lines <i>in vitro</i>, as well as tumors in animal models, and have begun to explore molecular mechanisms. Comparatively little research has focused on the impact of psychological stress and stress hormones on cancer <i>initiation</i>, in part due to inherent methodological challenges, but also because potential underlying biological mechanisms have remained obscure. In this review, we present a testable theoretical model of pathways by which stress may result in cellular transformation and tumorigenesis. This model supports our overarching hypothesis that psychological stress, acting through increased levels of catecholamines and/or cortisol, can increase DNA damage and/or reduce repair mechanisms, resulting in increased risk of DNA mutations leading to carcinogenesis. A better understanding of molecular pathways by which psychological stress can increase the risk of cancer initiation would open new avenues of translational research, bringing together psychologists, neuroscientists, and molecular biologists, potentially resulting in the development of novel approaches for cancer risk reduction at the population level.
Alefacept - A Drug Review (2006)

Alefacept is an immunobiologic agent that has been recently introduced in the treatment of plaque psoriasis. The author presents a brief review of the drug, its efficacy and safety profile. Recent case reports of the use of alefacept in conjunction with other conditions as well as the drug's possible use for treatment of other conditions are reviewed as well.
Use of a sintered glass crucible for easy construction of liquid-membrane ion-selective electrodes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of a sintered glass crucible for easy construction of liquid-membrane ion-selective electrodesTheodore K. Christopoulos and Eleftherios P. Diamandis Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 7, 648Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 1988Published inissue 1 July 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ed065p648Request reuse permissionsArticle Views395Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (669 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parallel microassembly with electrostatic force fields (2002)

Microscopic (submillimeter) parts are often fabricated in parallel at high density but must then be assembled into patterns with lower spatial density. We propose a new approach to microassembly using: 1) ultrasonic vibration to eliminate friction and adhesion; and 2) electrostatic forces to position and align parts in parallel. We describe experiments on the dynamic and frictional properties of collections of microscopic parts under these conditions. We first demonstrate that ultrasonic vibration can be used to overcome adhesive forces; we also compare part behavior in air and vacuum. Next, we demonstrate that parts can be positioned and aligned using a combination of vibration and electrostatic forces. Finally, we demonstrate part sorting by size. Our goal is a systematic method for designing implementable planar force fields for microassembly based on part geometry.
A Survey of Neurologists on Self‐treatment and Treatment of Their Families (2006)

Neurologists commonly treat themselves and family members.
Characterization of Circulating Extracellular Vesicle Surface Antigens in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism (2021)

[Figure: see text].
T-lex: a program for fast and accurate assessment of transposable element presence using next-generation sequencing data (2010)

Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive DNA sequences that are ubiquitous, extremely abundant and dynamic components of practically all genomes. Much effort has gone into annotation of TE copies in reference genomes. The sequencing cost reduction and the newly available next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from multiple strains within a species offer an unprecedented opportunity to study population genomics of TEs in a range of organisms. Here, we present a computational pipeline (T-lex) that uses NGS data to detect the presence/absence of annotated TE copies. T-lex can use data from a large number of strains and returns estimates of population frequencies of individual TE insertions in a reasonable time. We experimentally validated the accuracy of T-lex detecting presence or absence of 768 previously identified TE copies in two resequenced Drosophila melanogaster strains. Approximately 95% of the TE insertions were detected with 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity. We show that even at low levels of coverage T-lex produces accurate results for TE copies that it can identify reliably but that the rate of 'no data' calls increases as the coverage falls below 15×. T-lex is a broadly applicable and flexible tool that can be used in any genome provided the availability of the reference genome, individual TE copy annotation and NGS data.
Characterization of a Ginsenoside-Transforming β-glucosidase from Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and Its Application for Enhanced Production of Minor Ginsenoside F2 (2014)

A novel β-glucosidase (BglPm) was identified from Paenibacillus mucilaginosus KCTC 3870(T) which has ginsenoside converting activity. The gene, termed bglPm, consists of 1,260 bp and belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1). After being overexpressed and purified from Escherichia coli, the enzymatic properties of BglPm were investigated. The enzyme exhibited an optimal activity at 45°C and pH 7.5 and showed high bioconversion ability for major ginsenoside Rb1 and Rd into ginsenoside F2. Thus, it was used for mass production of relatively high pure F2 from relatively abundant protopanaxadiol type ginsenosides mixture (PPDGM) with combined usage of ginsenoside Rc-hydrolyzing enzyme. Scale-up of production using 250 g of the PPDGM resulted in 152 g of F2 with 80.1% chromatography purity and 95.7% recovery. These results suggest that this enzyme would be useful in the preparation of pharmacologically active ginsenoside F2 in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
Negotiating the Inhuman: Bakhtin, Materiality and the Instrumentalization of Climate Change (2013)

The article argues that the work of literary theorist Mikhail M. Bakhtin presents a starting point for thinking about the instrumentalization of climate change. Bakhtin’s conceptualization of human–world relationships, encapsulated in the concept of ‘cosmic terror’, places a strong focus on our perception of the ‘inhuman’. Suggesting a link between the perceived alienness and instability of the world and in the exploitation of the resulting fear of change by political and religious forces, Bakhtin asserts that the latter can only be resisted if our desire for a false stability in the world is overcome. The key to this overcoming of fear, for him, lies in recognizing and confronting the worldly relations of the human body. This consciousness represents the beginning of one’s ‘deautomatization’ from following established patterns of reactions to predicted or real changes. In the vein of several theorists and artists of his time who explored similar ‘deautomatization’ strategies – examples include Shklovsky’s ‘ ostranenie’, Brecht’s ‘ Verfremdung’, Artaud’s emotional ‘cruelty’ and Bataille’s ‘base materialism’ – Bakhtin proposes a more playful and widely accessible experimentation to deconstruct our ‘habitual picture of the world’. Experimentation is envisioned to take place across the material and the textual to increase possibilities for action. Through engaging with Bakhtin’s ideas, this article seeks to draw attention to relations between the imagination of the world and political agency, and the need to include these relations in our own experiments with creating climate change awareness.
Preparation of Small Crystalline ZSM-5 and its Application in Conversion of Methanol to Aromatic (2012)

Small crystalline ZSM-5 was synthesized by a hydrothermal synthesis procedure and was characterized by XRD, SEM and N2-absorption. The results show that small crystalline ZSM-5 particles grow into larger agglomerates with a diameter of 100-400 nm, resulting in mesopore and higher surface area. During conversion of methanol to aromatics, small crystalline ZSM-5 catalyst performances better than micron-size ZSM-5 catalyst in aromatic selectivity and lifetime. The aromatic selectivity could reach to 21.7%, and the small crystalline ZSM-5 catalyst shows no deactivation during first 24h.
Thickness dependence of superconductivity in rf-sputtered Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films (1988)

Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films (100–730 nm) with small grains and a smooth surface have been fabricated by rf diode sputtering. The values of transition temperature Tc and critical current density Jc for the film (730 nm thickness) on SrTiO3 are 65 K and 1.2×105 A/cm2 at 4.2 K, respectively. The thickness dependence of Tc and Jc for the patterned films shows that Tc and Jc are almost constant for films with a thickness d≥200 nm.
Optimal Slot Assignment for Binary Tracking Tree Protocol in RFID Tag Identification (2014)

Tag anti-collision has long been an important issue in RFID systems. To accelerate tag identification, some researchers have recently adopted bit tracking technology that allows the reader to detect the locations of collided bits in a collision slot. However, these methods still encounter the problem of too many collisions occurring at the beginning of identification. This paper proposes an optimal binary tracking tree protocol (OBTT) that tries to separate all of the tags into smaller sets to reduce collisions at the beginning of identification. Using bit tracking technology, OBTT mainly adopts three proposed approaches, bit estimation, optimal partition, and binary tracking tree. Bit estimation first estimates the number of tags based on the locations of collided bits. Optimal partition then determines the optimal number of the initial sets based on this estimation. Binary tracking tree lets the tag utilize one counter to achieve the split during the identification process. This paper formally analyzes the slot efficiency of OBTT, which represents how many tags can be identified in a slot. Results show that the slot efficiency is close to 0.614, the highest value published to date. Considering slot lengths, OBTT further determines the optimal number of the initial sets to minimize the identification delay. The analytical results show that the delay efficiency of OBTT achieves 0.750, where delay efficiency represents the number of tags that can be identified in a baseline slot, the length of which is the complete ID sent by the tag. The simulation results show that OBTT outperforms other existing algorithms.
THE FIRST METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT MENISCUS: AN ANATOMICAL AND CLINICAL STUDY (2006)

Introduction: In spite of the common occurrence of hallux valgus deformity and the multiple corrective procedures that have been proposed, only few studies have been published about the anatomy of this joint. None of these studies mention the existence of a meniscal structure in the first MTP joint. The fact that this structure is often seen during bunion surgery evoked this study. Material and methods: A hunderd and two human cadaveric feet were dissected primarly to study the anatomy of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. The anatomical findings on the specimens were correlated with clinical findings on 100 consecutive hallux valgus procedures. Particular attention was paid to the localization and histology of this meniscal structure. Based on this study, possible associations between the presence of this structure and the pathophysiology of the hallux valgus deformity and chondral lesions are proposed. Results: A meniscal structure was present in 19 percent of the cadavers. A striking negative correlation is found between the presence of a meniscus and the extent of chondral lesions (P Conclusions: The presence of this meniscal structure seems to stabilize the MTP joint, preventing hallux valgus (or rotational ) deformities. Once the rotational deformity increases the meniscus tears becomes painful and slips into the joint. In the more advanced hallux valgus deformity this meniscus plays little function and seems to disappear, leading to arthrosis.
A photochromic prototype based on difurylperhydrocyclopentene with remarkable photoswitching behavior and in vivo application (2017)

A new strategy has been developed to synthesize difurylperhydrocyclopentene derivatives. The compound displays reversible photochromism in solution and thin-film. The results show that furan is superior to thiophene in terms of strong fluorescence, higher photocyclization conversion and cyclization quantum yield, as well as better fatigue resistance. Owing to the molecule being derived absolutely from C, H, and O atoms, the compound exhibits no cytotoxicity, which enables it to potentially serve as a biodegradable and biorenewable material for in vivo applications.