gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Thermal Stability of Organic Electro-Optic Device by Using Thermally Stimulated Current (2016)

Thermally stimulated current (TSC) measurement was employed to study the thermal stability of electro-optic (EO) polymers, i.e., guest/host polymer DR1/PMMA and side-chain polymer PMMA-co-DR1. Here the isothermal relaxation test showed that the relaxation time τ (85 °C) of side-chain polymer PMMA-co-DR1 is longer than that of guest/host polymer DR1/PMMA. TSC peaks appeared symmetrically in proportion to the poling electric field Ep, indicating that DR1 molecules make a dominant contribution to dipolar depolarization. Thermal sampling (TS) method showed that the activation energy of the DR1/PMMA is around 1 eV, while that of the PMMA-co-DR1 is distributed >1 eV. Results suggested that side-chain polymer is preferable to the guest/host polymer in the thermal stability. TSC measurement is helpful as a conventional method for studying the life time of EO polymers in terms of dipolar motion.
A Low Cost Dedicated Microprocessor Forms the Heart of an Electronic Control System for Appliance Applications (1977)

This paper outlines the design concepts and principles of operation of a microprocessor LSI circuit which combines the advantages of electronic control with flexibility allowing a solid state electronic control system to directly compete with the present electromechanical control systems for appliance applications. For this particular study the paper limits itself to discussions around the bulk domestic appliance market i.e. that part made up of clothes washers and dishwashers only, although the same principles are applicable to a wide range of appliance and other applications.
Computerized methods for the clinical interpretation of myocardial scintigrams (1985)

Graft ischemia time alone is not a risk factor for early death after lung transplantation. Very young or old donor age was associated with decreased early survival, whereas the interaction between donor age and ischemic time was a significant predictor of 1 year mortality after transplantation. Cautious expansion of donor acceptance criteria (especially as regards ischemic time) is advisable, given the critical shortage of donor lung grafts.
A real-time silicon cerebellum spiking neural model based on FPGA (2014)

Sensorimotor control and learning require the function of sophisticated neural system. Cerebellum is one such brain region which comprises more than half of the total neuron population in the entire brain. Capable of simulating a bio-realistic cerebellum model provides important information for neuroscience and engineering. Here we present a Network-on-Chip (NoC) hardware architecture for implementing a bio-realistic cerebellum model of passage-of-time (POT) encoding with 100,000 neurons. The results demonstrate that our implementation can reproduce the POT functionality properly. The maximum computational speed can reach 25.6 ms for simulating 1 sec real world activities. Our silicon cerebellum can be readily interface with in vivo or in vitro experiment and be adapted as a potential neuroprosthetic platform for future biological or clinical applications.
Facile synthesis of processable conductive water solubilized polyaniline (1998)

Conductive polyaniline, polyemeraldine green, was synthesized in a water soluble form by an in situ method, using surfactants with strong acid functionalities as protonating agents. The clear green solution of conducting polyaniline, polyemeraldine green, can be diluted to any extent and stored. Thin and thick films can be easily processed from this solution by spin coating and solvent casting methods.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Trask Loss Enhances Tumorigenic Growth by Liberating Integrin Signaling and Growth Factor Receptor Cross-Talk in Unanchored Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 77K, Src activity in SmoM2 induced skin neoplasia&lt;/p&gt;
Surface Chirality in Rotational Magnetoelectrodeposition of Copper Films (2019)

Chiral surface formation was investigated in rotational magnetoelectrodeposition (RMED) of copper films, where an electrochemical cell was rotated in magnetic fields. The RMED was conducted with clockwise or anticlockwise rotation in the magnetic fields parallel or antiparallel to the ionic currents. The rotational frequencies were 0.5–6 Hz, and the magnetic fields were 2–5 T. The chiral behaviors are divided into four types: type I has chirality depending on the magnetic field polarity, type II has chirality depending on the rotational direction, and type III has chirality depending on both directions. Type IV represents chiral symmetry breaking, where the RMED films exhibit only L activity in any magnetic field polarity and rotational direction.
Calculation of Conductance of Lipid Water Dispersion using Effective Medium Approximation (2002)

We present here the response of a lipid water dispersion to an applied ac field. The electrical study of the system shows that the conductance increases with the applied bias. However with increase in the frequency of the signal the variation of conductance is less pronounced. To explain the variation of the conductance at various frequencies, we have employed the effective medium approach. The results match with the experimental values to a good approximation.
Alterations of Sertoli cell activity in the long-term testicular germ cell death process induced by fetal androgen disruption (2007)

Fetal androgen disruption, induced by the administration of anti-androgen flutamide (0.4, 2, and 10 mg/kg day) causes a long-term apoptosis in testicular germ cells in adult male rat offspring. One of the questions raised by this observation is the role of the Sertoli cells in the adult germ cell apoptotic process. It is shown here that Sertoli cells originating from 15-day-old rats treated in utero with the anti-androgen (10 mg/kg d) did no longer protect adult germ cells against apoptosis. Indeed, untreated spermatocytes or spermatids exhibited increased (P<0.0001) active caspase-3 levels when co-cultured with Sertoli cells isolated from rat testes exposed in utero to the anti-androgen. This alteration of Sertoli cell functions was not due to modifications in the androgen signal in the adult (90-day-old) animals, since plasma testosterone and estradiol, androgen receptor expression, and androgen-targeted cell number (e.g., Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules) were not affected by the fetal androgen disruption. In contrast, this inability of Sertoli cells to protect germ cells against apoptosis could be accounted for by the potential failure of Sertoli cell functions. Indeed, adult testes exposed in utero to anti-androgens displayed decreased levels of several genes mainly expressed in adult Sertoli cells (anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type II (AMHR2), Cox-1, cyclin D2, cathepsin L, and GSTalpha). In conclusion, fetal androgen disruption may induce alterations of Sertoli cell activity probably related to Sertoli cell maturation, which potentially leads to increased adult germ cell apoptosis.
Enhancing the Reusability of Endoglucanase-Gold Nanoparticle Bioconjugates by Tethering to Polyurethane Microspheres (2004)

The synthesis of polyurethane microsphere-gold nanoparticle "core-shell" structures and their use in the immobilization of the enzyme endoglucanase are described. Assembly of gold nanoparticles on the surface of polymer microspheres occurs through interaction of the nitrogens in the polymer with the nanoparticles, thereby precluding the need for modifying the polymer microspheres to enable such nanoparticle binding. Endoglucanse could thereafter be bound to the gold nanoparticles decorating the polyurethane microspheres, leading to a highly stable biocatalyst with excellent reuse characteristics. The immobilized enzyme retains its biocatalytic activity and exhibits improved thermal stability relative to free enzyme in solution. The high surface area of the host gold nanoparticles renders the immobilized enzyme "quasi free", while at the same time retaining advantages of immobilization such as ease of reuse, enhanced temporal and thermal stability, etc.
Investigating Novel Biomarkers Associated with AKI Diagnosis and Risk (2020)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication associated with cardiac surgery. Those patients who develop AKI have increased hospital costs, hospital LOS and odds of death. The current diagnostic criteria rely on serum creatinine measurements and urine output data. Serum creatinine is not renal specific. It is known that there are other factors that influence serum creatine concentrations other than renal injury. Serum creatinine levels are measured as concentrations which means large changes in fluid balance may alter the serum creatinine measurement. Urine output is not a reliable measurement of renal injury either. During surgery it is common to administer diuretics which influence urine output independent of renal damage. Researchers are investigating novel biomarkers that are renal specific and can monitor AKI risk in real time. Some researchers are focused on identifying chemical biomarkers to diagnose AKI more effectively. Preliminary studies have also shown that urine oxygen concentration may be a physiological biomarker that can be used to monitor AKI risk in real time. Urine oxygen concentration may reflect tissue oxygen concentration in the medullary region of the kidney. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between urine biomarker concentrations, urine oxygen concentration and AKI diagnosis. The results from this study suggest that is possible to monitor oxygen concentration non-invasively and it could potentially be used to monitor AKI risk in real time.
Real-Time Prediction of Curing Processes using Model Order Reduction (2020)

Manifold engineering applications are directly affected by temperature. For rubber or composite curing processes, temperature distributions over time inside the compounds are crucial for chemical cross-linking reactions. Most of these reactions occur subsequently to a heating process during product cool down. Online prediction of cooling phases is performed during the actual heating process and hence, final cure status can be estimated before the actual process finishes. Therefore, mold temperatures and heating duration can be adapted in regard to current ambient conditions, and hence product quality is increased. In order to achieve longterm thermal predictions for complex product geometries, simulating nonlinear thermal finite element models is unfeasible, due to high computational effort. Hence, a prediction-model is derived from finite element analysis using matrix export, linearization, model order reduction algorithms such as rational Krylov or iterative rational Krylov and correction of operating point deviation. A special remark is given to temperature dependent boundary conditions, choice of time discretization and choice of solving algorithm, to address arising conflicting goals between execution time and simulation accuracy. Eventually, a complete process simulation is performed during the task-cycle time on a PLC control with a sufficiently high accuracy.
Performance enhancement of fullerene based solar cells upon NIR laser irradiation (2015)

Photovoltaic performance enhancement of fullerene based solar cells was achieved upon exposure to near-infrared (NIR) laser pulses.
Confocal Raman spectroscopic analysis of cross-linked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene for application in artificial hip joints (2007)

Confocal spectroscopic techniques are applied to selected Raman bands to study the microscopic features of acetabular cups made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) before and after implantation in vivo. The micrometric lateral resolution of a laser beam focused on the polymeric surface (or subsurface) enables a highly resolved visualization of 2-D conformational population patterns, including crystalline, amorphous, orthorhombic phase fractions, and oxidation index. An optimized confocal probe configuration, aided by a computational deconvolution of the optical probe, allows minimization of the probe size along the in-depth direction and a nondestructive evaluation of microstructural properties along the material subsurface. Computational deconvolution is also attempted, based on an experimental assessment of the probe response function of the polyethylene Raman spectrum, according to a defocusing technique. A statistical set of high-resolution microstructural data are collected on a fully 3-D level on gamma-ray irradiated UHMWPE acetabular cups both as-received from the maker and after retrieval from a human body. Microstructural properties reveal significant gradients along the immediate material subsurface and distinct differences are found due to the loading history in vivo, which cannot be revealed by conventional optical spectroscopy. The applicability of the confocal spectroscopic technique is valid beyond the particular retrieval cases examined in this study, and can be easily extended to evaluate in-vitro tested components or to quality control of new polyethylene brands. Confocal Raman spectroscopy may also contribute to rationalize the complex effects of gamma-ray irradiation on the surface of medical grade UHMWPE for total joint replacement and, ultimately, to predict their actual lifetime in vivo.
Brugada syndrome genetics is associated with phenotype severity (2020)

In BrS, the genetic background is the main determinant for the extent of the electrophysiological abnormalities. SCN5A mutation carriers exhibit more pronounced epicardial electrical abnormalities and a more aggressive clinical presentation. These results contribute to the understanding of the genetic determinants of the BrS phenotypic expression and provide possible explanations for the varying degrees of disease expression.
An advective-dispersive transport model for residential water consumption (2019)

Abstract This work applies an advective-dispersive framework to simulate utility-wide residential water consumption using the analogy of a continuum transport process. In this context, the advective-dispersive process describes how changes in real water price and seasonal weather variability influence water consumption distribution, which ultimately governs mean and total water consumption values. Water consumption response is measured using histogram data optimally fit using parametric probability density functions (PDF) that have consistent parametrization over the entire observation period. Median statistic denotes advection and prescribes location of the measurement-space PDF, while standard deviation combined with standard-score PDF denotes dispersion which provides the measurement-space PDF with scale and shape. Combining location, scale, and shape components produces a measurement-space PDF that represents the solution to advective-dispersive transport phenomena. We use a Taylor series expansion of the statistics that define the PDF along with curvilinear regression to develop constitutive relationships that define how location, scale, and shape of the PDF respond to price and weather information. This results in a fully parametrizing advective-dispersive process represented by a partial differential equation that provides a tool for anticipating the probability that households will experience water poverty or use excess amounts as price, weather, and policy considerations change through time. This approach is conducive to automation when combined with smart water metering.
Measurement and analysis of human brain function through head and eye movement (2002)

This paper describes the measurement system of head and eye movement for analyzing brain function. This system is able to measure the movement of the gaze in space in real time by converting the degree of head movement to that of eye movement. It superimposes this calculation result onto the image seen by the subject. For analysis of brain function, such us a comparative study of the gaze movements of Alzheimer's disease patients and healthy people, this system provides two methods. One is for movement data of the head and eyes while the subject is tracking changes in targets, and the other is for minute eye movement data while the subject stares at a fixed point.
Obviam (2018)

This chapter examines the construction of vehicular space in Latin literary texts, identifying two significant aspects of Roman transport’s representation. First is the set-piece depiction of roadway encounters, articulated as a physical run-in of wayfarers with clashing modes of transport. Although the moralizing thrust of such portraits is to inveigh against lavish transportation while extolling simple travel, their more powerful function is to assert the ability of (particular) mobile parties to transcend transit’s physicality. Second is such scenes’ frequent problematization of physical agency, drivers and passengers being caught between demeaning hands-on participation in travel’s means and excessively passive forms of conveyance. The aim throughout is to move beyond a view of such articulations as merely diatribes against luxurious travel, and to excavate how the underlying instrumentality of transportation—its emphatic ‘by-way-of-ness’—is rhetorically constituted, and indeed a vital part of the Roman production of space.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PROXYMETACAINE, (2‐DIETHYLAMINOETHYL) 3‐AMINO‐4‐N‐PROPOXYBENZOATE (LABORATORY NOTE) (1974)

Abstract Die Darstellung der Carbonsäure (III) gelingt durch Umsetzung der Chlorcarbonsäure (I) mit Na‐propanolat (II) in DMSO.
Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity (2010)

Hydroxy acids (HAs) represent a class of compounds which have been widely used in a number of cosmetic and therapeutic formulations in order to achieve a variety of beneficial effects for the skin. We review and discuss the most frequently used classes of these compounds, such as α-hydroxy acids, β-hydroxy acids, polyhydroxy acids, and bionic acids, and describe their applications as cosmetic and therapeutic agents. Special emphasis is devoted to the safety evaluation of these formulations, in particular on the effects of their prolonged use on sun-exposed skin. Furthermore, we summarize the very limited number of studies dealing with the modifications evoked by topical application of products containing HAs on photocarcinogenesis. In spite of the large number of reports on the cosmetic and clinical effects of HAs, their biological mechanism(s) of action still require more clarification. Some of these mechanisms are discussed in this article along with important findings on the effect of HAs on melanogenesis and on tanning. We also emphasize the important contribution of cosmetic vehicles in these types of studies. Thus, HAs play an important role in cosmetic formulations, as well as in many dermatologic applications, such as in treating photoaging, acne, ichthyosis, rosacea, pigmentation disorders, and psoriasis.
Roadmap towards the redefinition of the second (2023)

Abstract This paper outlines the roadmap towards the redefinition of the second, which was recently updated by the CCTF Task Force created by the CCTF in 2020. The main achievements of optical frequency standards (OFS) call for reflection on the redefinition of the second, but open new challenges related to the performance of the OFS, their contribution to time scales and UTC, the possibility of their comparison, and the knowledge of the Earth’s gravitational potential to ensure a robust and accurate capacity to realize a new definition at the level of 10 −18 uncertainty. The mandatory criteria to be achieved before redefinition have been defined and their current fulfilment level is estimated showing the fields that still needed improvement. The possibility to base the redefinition on a single or on a set of transitions has also been evaluated. The roadmap indicates the steps to be followed in the next years to be ready for a sound and successful redefinition.
Precipitation of Aluminium Nitride during Recrystallization of &alpha;-Iron (1971)

An investigation has been made on the precipitation of AlN in vacuum melted iron wires, contAlNing 0.003, 0.036 and 0.072 pct Al, solution-treated at 1 200°C, cold reduced to 70 pct and isothermally annealed in the range 500°C to 700°C. To determine the behaviour of AlN in αiron, the technique of low frequency internal friction measurement was employed. Separation of the Snoek peaks observed by this technique allows accurate determination of the amounts of dissolved carbon and nitrogen in solution. The results obtAlNed were summarized as follows:(1) In specimens initially contAlNing 0·003 pct Al, purified and nitrided to 0·018 or 0·052 pct and subjected to a solution treatment, increased the amount of dissolved nitrogen during isothermal annealing at 600°C after cold reduction. In specimens carburized to 0·012 or 0·019 pet, the dissolved carbon tended to decrease to the solubility limit by the same heat treatment.(2) It made a little difference in the behaviour of AlN precipitation during isothermal annealing whether AlN particles were completely dissolved in γiron by a solution treatment at 1200°C or undissolved partially. In both cases, when annealed at 600°C, however, AlN precipitation occured during the recovery and in the early stage of recrystallization and the recrystallization was retarded.(3) On annealing the nitrided specimen at 700°C, recrystallization preceded the precipitation of AlN.It was found that pre-precipitation clustering of AlN at dislocations and subboundaries in deformed by αiron preheat-treatment for 20 hr at 500°C prior to 700°C annealing did significantly affect the recrystallization process due to promoting AlN precipitation and decreasing the recrystallization rate.
An Efficient Method for Extraction of Astaxanthin from Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis (2006)

Haematococcus pluvialis is one of the potent organisms for production of astaxanthin, a high value ketocarotenoid. Astaxanthin is accumulated in thick-walled cyst cells of Haematococcus. The thick cell wall is made up of sporopollenin-like material, algaenan, which hinders solvent extraction of astaxanthin. In the present study, an improved method for extraction of astaxanthin without homogenization of cells is reported. Extractability of astaxanthin from cyst cells was evaluated by treating cells with various solvents and pretreating the cells with organic and mineral acids at 70 degrees C followed by acetone extraction. Hydrochloric acid treatment facilitated 86-94% extractability of astaxanthin. Treatment time, temperature, and concentration of the acid were found to be critical factors for maximum extractability. The treatment did not affect the astaxanthin ester profile and the treated cells can be preserved until further use.
Sclerotinia Blight Resistance in Virginia-Type Peanut Transformed with a Barley Oxalate Oxidase Gene (2011)

Transgenic peanut lines expressing oxalate oxidase, a novel enzyme to peanut, were evaluated for resistance to Sclerotinia blight in naturally infested fields over a 5-year period. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for transgenic lines in single rows planted with seed from single-plant selections averaged 78, 83, and 90% lower than nontransgenic parents in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. In addition, AUDPC in 14 transgenic lines planted with bulked seed in two-row plots averaged 81% lower compared with nontransgenic parents in 2005 and 86% lower in 16 transgenic lines in 2006. Six transgenic lines yielded 488 to 1,260 kg/ha greater than nontransgenic parents in 2005, and 10 lines yielded 537 to 2,490 kg/ha greater in 2006. Fluazinam (0.58 kg a.i./ha) fungicide sprays in 2008 and 2009 reduced AUDPC in transgenic and nontransgenic lines but AUDPC was lowest in transgenic lines. Without fluazinam, yields of transgenic lines averaged 1,133 to 1,578 kg/ha greater than nontransgenic lines in 2008 and 1,670 to 2,755 kg/ha greater in 2009. These results demonstrated that the insertion of barley oxalate oxidase in peanut conveyed a high level of resistance to Sclerotinia blight, and negated the need for costly fungicide sprays.