gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anaerobic Biodegradation of BTEX in Aquifer Material (1997)

Laboratory and field experiments were conducted in two petroleum-contaminated aquifers to examine the anaerobic biodegradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (BTEX) under ambient conditions. At both sites, destructive microcosm experiments were conducted following the EPA protocol for estimation of anaerobic microbiological transformation rate data (Federal Register, Vol. 53, No. 115). Aquifer material was collected from locations at the source, mid-plume and end-plume at both sites, incubated under ambient conditions, and monitored for disappearance of the test compounds. In the mid-plume location at the second site, in-situ column experiments were also conducted for comparison with the laboratory microcosm and field-scale results. In material from the first site, collected from a location in the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Michigan, toluene biodegraded in microcosms under methanogenic conditions after a 60to 246-day lag period. There was no statistically significant evidence of benzene, ethylbenzene, or xylene biodegradation in the microcosm study. At the second site, near Rocky Point, North Carolina, all BTEX components biodegraded under ambient, anaerobic conditions. In the mid-plume microcosms, m-xylene Anaerobic Biodegradation of BTEX in Aquifer Material Robert C. Borden*, Melody J. Hunt*, Michael B. Shafer* and Morton A. Barlaz* biodegraded first followed by toluene, o-xylene and benzene under iron reducing conditions. None of the compounds biodegraded in the source area microcosms. In the endplume microcosms, biodegradation was variable with extensive biodegradation in some microcosms and little or no biodegradaion in others. In all microcosm sets where biodegradation was measured, the compound being investigated degraded to a low but detectable level (5 to 30 μg/Liter), after which biodegradation slowed or stopped. Biodegradation rates for m-xylene and benzene in in-situ columns from the mid-plume location were similar to microcosm rates. Anaerobic biodegradation of individual BTEX components often consisted of three distinct phases: (1) a lag period with little or no biodegradation; (2) a rapid degradation period; and (3) an asymptotic period where contaminant concentrations remained essentially constant. This pattern of biodegradation cannot be accurately described with a simple first-order decay function. In contrast to the behavior of the individual compounds, the biodegradation of total BTEX appears to more closely approximate a first-order decay function.
Effects of marrow storage at 4 degrees C on the subsequent generation of long-term marrow cultures. (1985)

The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of marrow preservation at 4 degrees C on subsequent long-term culture, which evaluates both hematopoietic precursor cells and hematopoietic microenvironmental cells. Storage of unfractionated marrow was superior to storage of buffy-coat cells in tissue culture medium with 20% fetal calf serum. CFU-C recovery in unfractionated marrow was 48.4% at four days and 21.4% at seven days. Long-term marrow cultures from cells stored at 4 degrees C for up to seven days produced CFU-C for up to seven weeks and established confluent marrow stromal cell layers. Suspension cultures of marrow cells preserved at 4 degrees C for seven days cultured with irradiated allogeneic marrow stromal cell layers from normal long-term marrow cultures showed significantly increased CFU-C production from week 2 to week 5 when compared with the control cultures without adherent cell layers. These data suggest that marrow storage at 4 degrees C for up to seven days preserves early hematopoietic precursor cells and microenvironmental cells and may be used for autologous rescue from marrow ablative therapy.
Estimating 3D Finger Angle on Commodity Touchscreens (2015)

We describe a novel approach for estimating the pitch and yaw of fingers relative to a touchscreen's surface, offering two additional, analog degrees of freedom for interactive functions. Further, we show that our approach can be achieved on off-the-shelf consumer touchscreen devices: a smartphone and smartwatch. We validate our technique though a user study on both devices and conclude with several demo applications that illustrate the value and immediate feasibility of our approach.
Co-existence of Functionally Different Vesicular Neurotransmitter Transporters (2016)

The vesicular transmitter transporters VGLUT, VGAT, VMAT2 and VAChT, define phenotype and physiological properties of neuronal subtypes. VGLUTs concentrate the excitatory amino acid glutamate, VGAT the inhibitory amino acid GABA, VMAT2 monoamines, and VAChT acetylcholine (ACh) into synaptic vesicle (SV). Following membrane depolarization SV release their content into the synaptic cleft. A strict segregation of vesicular transporters is mandatory for the precise functioning of synaptic communication and of neuronal circuits. In the last years, evidence accumulates that subsets of neurons express more than one of these transporters leading to synaptic co-release of different and functionally opposing transmitters and modulation of synaptic plasticity. Synaptic co-existence of transporters may change during pathological scenarios in order to ameliorate misbalances in neuronal activity. In addition, evidence increases that transporters also co-exist on the same vesicle providing another layer of regulation. Generally, vesicular transmitter loading relies on an electrochemical gradient ΔμH(+) driven by the proton ATPase rendering the lumen of the vesicle with respect to the cytosol positive (Δψ) and acidic (ΔpH). While the activity of VGLUT mainly depends on the Δψ component, VMAT, VGAT and VAChT work best at a high ΔpH. Thus, a vesicular synergy of transporters depending on the combination may increase or decrease the filling of SV with the principal transmitter. We provide an overview on synaptic co-existence of vesicular transmitter transporters including changes in the excitatory/inhibitory balance under pathological conditions. Additionally, we discuss functional aspects of vesicular synergy of transmitter transporters.
Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes Are Non-Cytotoxic and Preserve the Functionality of Primary Immune Cells (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition & Corre...Addition & CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionFunctionalized Carbon Nanotubes Are Non-Cytotoxic and Preserve the Functionality of Primary Immune CellsHélène Dumortier, Stéphanie Lacotte, Giorgia Pastorin, Riccardo Marega, Wei Wu, Davide Bonifazi, Jean-Paul Briand, Maurizio Prato, Sylviane Muller, and Alberto BiancoCite this: Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 12, 3003Publication Date (Web):December 13, 2006Publication History Published online13 December 2006Published inissue 1 December 2006https://doi.org/10.1021/nl068003iCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views645Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (5 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Carbon nanotubes,Functionalization Get e-Alerts
Ionic conduction in a grafted layer of organosilicate materials based on the mesostructured silicates MCM-41 and SBA-15 (2007)

Mesostructured silicate materials with different pore sizes and grafted sulfonic groups have been synthesized and characterized by thermal analysis, IR spectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that the-SO3H groups in these materials dissociate to give proton hydrates. The low-temperature proton conductivity of these materials is 3 × 10−6 to 4.5 × 10−4 Sm/cm and drops notably upon dehydration.
SPION: Enhanced MR imaging for monitoring Alzheimer?s plaque formation and microglial activation in APP/PS-1 transgenic mouse brain (2013)

W report MRI studies in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, which demonstrate the ability of our novel anti-amyloid precursor protein (APP) conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to penetrate the blood-brain barrier to act as a contrast agent for plaque imaging. The conspicuity of the plaques increased from 5.1±0.5 to 8.3±0.2 when the plaque contrast to noise ratio was compared in control AD mice with SPION-treated AD mice. The number of MRI-detected plaques increased from 347 ± 45 in the control AD mice, to 668 ± 86 with SPION treatment. AD is associated with a microglia-dependent neuro inflammation regulated by the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. We therefore treated APP/PS1 mice for one year with a low dose (100 ppm) of either of two trans-stilbene NF-κB inhibitors, resveratrol, or its synthetic analog, LD55. Both trans-stilbenes lowered Aβ plaque density in the cortex, caudoputamen and hippocampus by 70-100%. Optical measurements confirmed that resveratrol reduced average Aβ plaque density by 2.3 ± 0.4-fold. Ex vivo measurements of microglial activation by Iba-1 immunofluorescence showed that resveratrol also reduced average microglial activation by 4.2-fold. The same concentration of our novel trans-stilbene, LD55, produced a significantly larger (p<0.01) reduction in Aβ plaque density than resveratrol (3.1 ± 0.5-fold) as well as a 3.5-fold lowering of microglial activation. We conclude that SPION-enhanced MRI can be usefully applied to studies of AD in Tg mice and that both resveratrol and LD55 are efficient at reducing Aβ plaque burden and concomitantly reducing neuro inflammation in AD. Laurel O. Sillerud, J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism 2013, 3:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0460.S1.002
High time resolution infrared observations of the Crab Nebula pulsar (1994)

The Crab Nebula pulsar (PSR 0531+21) was observed in the infrared in J(1.2 micrometers), H(1.6 micrometers), K(2.2 micrometers), and a 0.9-2.5 micrometers band on the Las Campanas 2.5 m and Mount Hopkins 1.2 m telescopes. A new detector was used, called the Solid State Photomultiplier (SSPM), which allowed measurements of unprecedented time resolution (approximately 20-50 microseconds) in these bands. The infrared pulse profiles are shown to be qualitatively similar to those at ultraviolet and optical wavelengths, but the main pulse widths and the pulse/interpulse separations increase from the ultraviolet to the infrared. These observations are consistent with the predictions of the outer magnetospheric gap models of high-energy pulsar emission. No evidence was found of the infrared 'shoulder' of the main pulse or the excess infrared flux after the interpulse previously reported.
Evaluation of distributed recovery in large-scale storage systems (2004)

Storage clusters consisting of thousands of disk drives are now being used both for their large capacity and high throughput. However, their reliability is far worse than that of smaller storage systems due to the increased number of storage nodes. RAID technology is no longer sufficient to guarantee the necessary high data reliability for such systems, because disk rebuild time lengthens as disk capacity grows. We present fast recovery mechanism (FARM), a distributed recovery approach that exploits excess disk capacity and reduces data recovery time. FARM works in concert with replication and erasure-coding redundancy schemes to dramatically lower the probability of data loss in large-scale storage systems. We have examined essential factors that influence system reliability, performance, and costs, such as failure detections, disk bandwidth usage for recovery, disk space utilization, disk drive replacement, and system scales, by simulating system behavior under disk failures. Our results show the reliability improvement from FARM and demonstrate the impacts of various factors on system reliability. Using our techniques, system designers will be better able to build multipetabyte storage systems with much higher reliability at lower cost than previously possible.
High-efficiency cascaded wavelength conversion based on adiabatic evolution (2013)

We demonstrate that the frequency conversion in the cascaded processes can be mapped uniquely to an associated three-wave mixing processes in adiabatic evolution. After solving the coupling wave equations of three-wave mixing processes, we immediately find the solutions of the corresponding cascaded coupled equations. Furthermore, we introduce a rather simple model, which displays the main features of the optical stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) but allows for analytic evaluation of all quantities. It performs two simultaneous three-wave mixing processes efficiently and without significant generation of an intermediate frequency. At last, we consider in detail the effects of the phase mismatch to the optical STIRAP efficiency, which show that the analytic bounds are seen to describe the transfer region very accurately.
Erratum: Long-lived electron spin coherence in CdSe/Zn(S,Se) self-assembled quantum dots [Phys. Rev. B84, 085304 (2011)] (2011)

Received 28 September 2011DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.159903©2011 American Physical Society
Antigen‐processing organelles from DRB1*1101 and DRB1*1104 B cell lines display a differential degradation activity (1995)

We have developed an in vitro assay for tetanus toxin (tt) C fragment (C-fr) degradation. Purified endosomes (abbreviated endosomes 1101 or 1104) and lysosomes (abbreviated lysosomes 1101 or 1104) from the DRB1*1101 (Gly 86) and DRB1*1104 (Val 86) B cell lines were used to degrade 125I-labeled C-fr in vitro. Using three distinct methods of analysis, we show that the capacity of endosomes and lysosomes to degrade the tt C-fr or tt synthetic Y-P30 peptide differed. Using sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 125I-labeled C-fr degradation patterns observed either with endosomes 1101/1104 or lysosomes 1101/1104 are distinct both in terms of the number of fragments and the kinetics of generation of the fragments. These results were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, where we observed that the elution profiles of the 125I-labeled Y-P30 peptide digested by endosomes 1101/1104 were different compared to those obtained with lysosomes 1101/1104. Furthermore, the kinetics of degradation of 125I-labeled Y-P30 were faster with lysosomes 1104 than with lysosomes 1101. This difference in activity of the 1101 and 1104 organelles was also found in a functional assay where we showed that the activation capacity of the P30 peptide was diminished when digested by lysosome 1104, regardless of the antigen-presenting cell (APC) used, whereas endosomes 1101 or lysosomes 1101 modified P30 peptide in a form that discriminated between presentation by 1101 or 1104 APC. Taken together, these results suggest that the differential processing and presentation displayed by the DRB1*1101 and DRB1*1104 APC is due partly to a different enzymatic content and partly to the dimorphism at position DR beta 86.
Online extrinsic multi-camera calibration using ground plane induced homographies (2013)

This paper presents an approach for online estimation of the extrinsic calibration parameters of a multi-camera rig. Given a coarse initial estimate of the parameters, the relative poses between cameras are refined through recursive filtering. The approach is purely vision based and relies on plane induced homographies between successive frames. Overlapping fields of view are not required. Instead, the ground plane serves as a natural reference object. In contrast to other approaches, motion, relative camera poses, and the ground plane are estimated simultaneously using a single iterated extended Kalman filter. This reduces not only the number of parameters but also the computational complexity. Furthermore, an arbitrary number of cameras can be incorporated. Several experiments on synthetic as well as real data were conducted using a setup of four synchronized wide angle fisheye cameras, mounted on a moving platform. Results were obtained, using both, a planar and a general motion model with full six degrees of freedom. Additionally, the effects of uncertain intrinsic parameters and nonplanar ground were evaluated experimentally.
The conductance underlying the parallel fibre slow EPSP in rat cerebellar Purkinje neurones studied with photolytic release of L‐glutamate (2001)

1. Tetanic stimulation of parallel fibres (PFs) produces a slow EPSP (sEPSP) or slow EPSC (sEPSC) in Purkinje neurones (PNs), mediated by type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1). The conductance change underlying the sEPSP was investigated with rapid photolytic release of L-glutamate from nitroindolinyl (NI)-caged glutamate with ionotropic glutamate receptors blocked, and showed a slow mGluR1-activated cation channel. 2. In cerebellar slices rapid photolytic release (t (1/2) < 0.7 ms) of 7--70 microM L-glutamate on PNs voltage clamped at -65 mV activated first a transient inward current, peaking in 8 ms, followed by a slow inward current with time course similar to the PF sEPSP, peaking at -1 nA in 700 ms. 3. The initial current was inhibited by 300 microM threo-hydroxyaspartate (THA) and did not reverse as the potential was made positive up to +50 mV, suggesting activation of electrogenic glutamate uptake. 4. The slow current was inhibited reversibly by 1 mM (R,S)-MCPG or the non-competitive mGluR1 antagonist CPCCOEt (20 microM), indicating activation of metabotropic type 1 glutamate receptors. The mGluR current was associated with increases of input conductance and membrane current noise, and reversed close to 0 mV, indicating activation of channels permeant to Na(+) and K(+). 5. The sEPSC was not blocked by Cd(2+), Co(2+), Mg(2+) or Gd(3+) ions, by the inhibitor of hyperpolarisation-activated current (I(H)) ZD7288, or by the purinoceptor inhibitor PPADS. Activation was not affected by inhibitors of phospholipase C (PLC) or protein kinase C (PKC), nor mimicked by photorelease of InsP(3) or Ca(2+). The results show that mGluR1 in PNs produces a slow activation of cation-permeable ion channels which is not mediated by PLC activation, Ca(2+) release from stores, or via the activation of PKC.
Postobstructive Pneumonia: An Underdescribed Syndrome (2016)

Although there is substantial overlap, PO-CAP is a clinical entity distinct from B-CAP; a bacterial cause was identified in only 10% of patients. Our study has important implications for the clinical recognition of patients with PO-CAP, the role of microorganisms as etiologic agents, and the use of antibiotic therapy.
A review of“ Kumar Sanjay. Gas Production Engineering. 1987. Houston:” Gulf Publishing Company, 646 p. U.S. $ 79.00. (1988)

(1988). A review of “ Kumar Sanjay. Gas Production Engineering. 1987. Houston: ” Gulf Publishing Company, 646 p. U.S. $ 79.00. Energy Sources: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 211-211.
Tibial articular cartilage and meniscus geometries combine to influence female risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury (2014)

Tibial plateau subchondral bone geometry has been associated with the risk of sustaining a non-contact ACL injury; however, little is known regarding the influence of the meniscus and articular cartilage interface geometry on risk. We hypothesized that geometries of the tibial plateau articular cartilage surface and meniscus were individually associated with the risk of non-contact ACL injury. In addition, we hypothesized that the associations were independent of the underlying subchondral bone geometry. MRI scans were acquired on 88 subjects that suffered non-contact ACL injuries (27 males, 61 females) and 88 matched control subjects that were selected from the injured subject's teammates and were thus matched on sex, sport, level of play, and exposure to risk of injury. Multivariate analysis of the female data revealed that increased posterior-inferior directed slope of the middle articular cartilage region and decreased height of the posterior horn of the meniscus in the lateral compartment were associated with increased risk of sustaining a first time, non-contact ACL injury, independent of each other and of the slope of the tibial plateau subchondral bone. No measures were independently related to risk of non-contact ACL injury among males.
cis-trans Isomerization and Spectral Characteristics of Carotenoids and Some Related Compounds (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTcis-trans Isomerization and Spectral Characteristics of Carotenoids and Some Related CompoundsL. Zechmeister and A. PolgárCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 8, 1522–1528Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01248a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01248a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views652Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the Estimation of Randomly Sampled 2D Spatial Fields under Bandwidth Constraints (2011)

In this paper, we address the problem of the estimation of a spatial field defined over a two-dimensional space with wireless sensor networks. We assume that the field is (spatially) bandlimited and that it is sampled by a set of sensors which are randomly deployed in a given geographical area. Further, we impose a total bandwidth constraint which forces the quantization error in the sensor-to-FC (Fusion Center) channels to depend on the actual number of sensors in the network. With these assumptions, we derive an analytical expression of the mean-square error (MSE) in the reconstructed random field and, on that basis, an approximate closed-form expression of the optimal sensor density which attains the best trade-off in terms of observation, sampling and quantization noises. The analysis is carried out both in Gaussian and Rayleigh-fading scenarios without transmit Channel State Information (CSI). For the latter scenario, we also derive an expression of the common and constant rate at which the observations must be quantized. Computer simulation results illustrate the dependency of the optimal operating point on the variance of the observation noise or the signal-to-noise ratio in the sensor-to-FC channels, as well as the scaling law of the reconstruction MSE (which is also derived analytically) for both scenarios.