gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Recurrent angina after coronary surgery. Results of reoperations for myocardial revascularization]. (1980)

40 patients presented with invalidating angina after initial revascularisation surgery (44 operations). The relapse of angina was attributed to thrombosis or stenosis of the graft (33 p. 100), graft failure plus the presence of non-bypassed coronary lesions (progression of coronary artery disease or incomplete initial revascularisation) (52 p. 100) or to the presence alone of coronary lesions which had not been bypassed (15 p. 100). At reoperation 37 stenosed or thrombosed grafts were replaced or repaired and 36 new aortocoronary bypasses were implanted. The perioperative risk was comparable to that of the initial operation (4,5 p. 100 mortality, 13,6 p. 100 myocardial infarction). The long term clinical improvement (34 months) was however less satisfactory (30 p. 100 unimproved). Several factors may account for the relatively high failure rate: the incidence of incomplete revascularisation; perioperative myocardial infarction and, above all, rapid progression of the coronary artery disease. Reoperation for myocardial revascularisation should therefore be restricted to patients with severe angina despite medical therapy, in whom the angiographic appearances suggest that optimal revascularisation might be possible.
Primary structure of porin from Rhodobacter capsulatus (1991)

The primary structure of the integral membrane protein porin from the purple bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus was determined. The protein was cleaved with trypsin, CNBr and Asp-N protease. The peptides were isolated, sequenced and aligned to a total length of 301 residues with an Mr of 31,536. The low isoelectric point of 3.9 is confirmed by the high excess of 34 Asp and 17 Glu (16.9%) over 10 Lys, 7 Arg and 2 His (6.3%). Overall sequence similarity to other porins is not evident when using sequence alignment programs. However, a partial relationship to Neisseria porins seems to exist. The established sequence has been used as the basis for a three-dimensional structure determination by X-ray diffraction at 0.18-nm resolution. The arrangement of the sequence in the 16-stranded beta-barrel of porin is given. Some sequence-structure correlations are discussed.
Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Constructs, Burden, and Management (2018)

The aim of the chapter is to raise awareness about recent constructs of negative symptoms, their burden on patients, caregivers and society, and about their management. Schizophrenia consists of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. However, treating physicians are not necessarily aware about recent constructs of negative symptoms, their presence at prodromal stage, and the distinction among primary, secondary, persistent, prominent, or predominant negative symptoms. Negative symptoms have a substantial impact on the day-to-day functioning of patients with schizophrenia and contribute more to impaired quality of life and poor functioning than positive symptoms do. Additionally, they are associated with high costs for society and a substantial burden for caregivers. Negative symptoms are not adequately treated by available antipsychotic therapies. Publications have shown that no antipsychotic has a beneficial effect when compared to another. Cariprazine is the only antipsychotic that has proven superiority over another antipsychotic (risperidone) in one clinical study.
Ignition Experiment in a Single-Turn-Coil Tokamak (1989)

A novel concept for a fusion ignition experiment, IGNITEX, originally proposed by M.N. Rosenbluth, W.F. Weldon, and H.H. Woodson along the lines of B. Coppi’s ideas for a compact thermonuclear device is analyzed. A single-turn-coil tokamak supplied by homopolar generators can ohmically heat a DT plasma to ignition conditions and maintain a thermally stable ignited phase for about ten energy confinement times. The IGNITEX experiment can provide a simple and relatively inexpensive way to produce and control ignited plasmas for scientific study.
ChemInform Abstract: A Model for the Sweet Taste of Stereoisomeric Retro‐Inverso and Dipeptide Amides. (1987)

Abstract The results of a detailed conformational analysis of the L‐ (Ia) and D‐ (Ib) alanylamides and their retro‐inverso analogues (IIa) and (IIb) are reported.
An inverted cylindrical sputter magnetron as metal vapor supply for electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (2014)

An inverted cylindrical sputter magnetron device has been developed. The magnetron is acting as a metal vapor supply for an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source. FEM simulation of magnetic flux density was used to ensure that there is no critical interaction between both magnetic fields of magnetron and ECR ion source. Spatially resolved double Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy measurements show an increase in electron density by one order of magnitude from 1 × 10(10) cm(-3) to 1 × 10(11) cm(-3), when the magnetron plasma is exposed to the magnetic mirror field of the ECR ion source. Electron density enhancement is also indicated by magnetron plasma emission photography with a CCD camera. Furthermore, photographs visualize the formation of a localized loss-cone - area, when the magnetron is operated at magnetic mirror field conditions. The inverted cylindrical magnetron supplies a metal atom load rate of R > 1 × 10(18) atoms/s for aluminum, which meets the demand for the production of a milliampere Al(+) ion beam.
Power Efficient Dynamic Resource Scheduling Algorithms for LTE (2010)

This paper presents a link level analysis of the rate and energy efficiency performance of the LTE downlink considering the unitary codebook based precoding scheme. In a multi-user environment, appropriate radio resource management strategies can be applied to the system to improve the performance gain by exploiting multi-user diversity in the time, frequency and space domains and the gains can be translated to energy reduction at the base station. Several existing and novel resource scheduling and allocation algorithms are considered for the LTE system in this paper. A detailed analysis of the performance gain of different algorithms in terms of throughput, rate fairness, and power efficiency is presented.
Mode locking of far-infrared p-Ge lasers (2002)

Active mode locking of the THz p-Ge light-to-heavy-hole-band laser is reported yielding 200 ps FIR pulses with a few Watts peak power. It is achieved via radio-frequency (RF) gain modulation at one end of the laser crystal in Voigt configuration. Applying an additional bias voltage at the RF contacts allows one to optimize the gain and improve mode locking characteristics. This compensates an intrinsic bias onset caused by charging of the laser crystal due to the asymmetry of (warped-band) hole transport in crossed electric and magnetic fields for the orientation B/spl par/[112], E/spl par/[11~0] used in our experiments. A transition from single-pulse mode locking to second harmonic mode locking is observed for a crystal with roundtrip frequency equal to the RF frequency, and separation between the two pulses is tuned from zero to half the cavity roundtrip period by changing the external bias to the modulating RF field.
THE DIFFERENTIAL BEHAVIOR OF GLUCAGON AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS ON NORMAL AND DIABETIC LIVER: EVIDENCE FOR CYCLIC-AMP - INDEPENDENT EVENTS. (1987)

A nonrecirculatory liver slice perifusion system has been developed and utilized for investigating glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis in normal and diabetic states. It has been shown here that slices maintained in this system experience a controlled environment with respect to temperature and pH and remain viable throughout a three-hour experimental period based upon their maintenance of intracellular potassium levels. Although glycogen content falls by 40%, slices exhibit significant glycogenolysis in a dose-response manner upon challenge with glucagon, with maximal concentrations eliciting a 2.2-fold stimulation. This system, which permits nonrecirculatory challenge of liver tissue and subsequent analysis of both intracellular events and overall physiological responses, is extremely useful for examining hormonal mechanisms operating for glucagon, particularly at low concentrations. Using this methodology, liver slices challenged with glucagon exhibit a biphasic dose-response for glycogenolysis. While the second phase parallels cAMP (cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate) accumulation and cAMP-PK (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) activation, the first is mediated independent of cAMP. Trinitrophenylhistidine-1, homoarginine-12-glucagon (THG), which can antagonize glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase, exhibits 50% partial agonist activity for cAMP production and cAMP-PK but full agonism for glycogenolysis. Separation between these events is only two-fold indicating a cAMP-mediated process. [Des-amino-fYRKKE]-glucagon, ([Des-amino-His¹,D-Phe⁴,Tyr⁵,Arg¹²,Lys¹⁷·¹⁸,Glu²¹]-glucagon), another adenylate cyclase antagonist, does not stimulate cAMP or cAMP-PK up to 25 μM yet still elicits glycogenolysis. These results demonstrate that glucagon does indeed stimulate both cAMP-independent as well as cAMP-dependent glycogenolysis in normal liver. In diabetic systems, glucagon elicits attenuated adenylate cyclase activity in liver plasma membranes with reduction in basal activity and extent of stimulation. Maximal stimulation of cAMP production is also reduced by half in liver slices, but in both systems (normal vs. diabetic) EC₅₀ values for cAMP production are identical. Neither THG nor [des-amino-fYRKKE]-glucagon stimulate cAMP production or cAMP-PK in diabetic liver slices. While THG lowers blood glucose levels in vivo, [des-amino-fYRKKE]-glucagon acts as an agonist. These results suggest that the mechanisms which operate for glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis in normal liver are attenuated in the diabetic state. Furthermore, antagonism of cAMP production alone is insufficient to antagonize glucagon's overall physiological action.
On plasma collision frequencies proportional to energy in the radio wave reflection and transmission process (1963)

The high conductivity of the ionosphere in large measure determines the propagation of terrestrial radio waves. The ionosphere can be treated theoretically as a magneto-ionic plasma composed of elec- trons, ions, and neutral particles. Certain macroscopic properties of these particles, such as the complex index of refraction, can be de- duced from the microscopic particle statistics of ionized gases. These properties can then be applied directly to Maxwell's equations to determine the reflection and transmission process, provided a suitable composition for the model plasma has been found.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6,7‐Dihydro‐8‐(4‐methyl‐1‐piperazinyl)(1)benzoxepino(4,5‐ c)quinoline as Potential 5‐HT3 Receptor Ligand. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Video 3 from Nanobody-Based Targeting of the Macrophage Mannose Receptor for Effective <i>In Vivo</i> Imaging of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (2023)

&lt;p&gt;AVI file - 1.9MB, Full 3D reconstruction of whole body SPECT/CT images visualizing MMR+ cells specifically in spontaneous MMTV-PyMT tumors&lt;/p&gt;
Analysis of genetic similarities among species of Fragaria, Potentilla, and Duchesnea found in northwest Argentina by using morphological, anatomical, and molecular characters (2000)

Morphological, anatomical, and molecular techniques were used to characterize wild strawberry and wild strawberry-like species in northwest Argentina. Characteristics of leaves, flowers, runners, achenes, and genomic DNA polymorphisms were used to analyze similarities among Potentilla tucumanensis Castagnaro &amp; Arias, Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke, and Fragaria vesca L. Comparison of phenograms obtained by using morphological and anatomical traits or genomic DNA characters revealed similar clustering of the species. Both phenograms suggest that D. indica is more closely related to P. tucumanensis than to F. vesca. Using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique with specific primers, we detected polymorphic bands that permit the identification of P. tucumanensis, D. indica, and F. vesca. In addition, we report new morphological and anatomical characters that can be used as diagnostic traits for better identification of species in reproductive and vegetative states.Key words: Fragaria, Potentilla, Duchesnea, RAPD, DNA fingerprinting, morphological traits, anatomical traits.
Operating Characteristics and Extensions of the FDR Procedure (2018)

We investigate the operating characteristics of the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) procedure for multiple testing. This is a distribution free method that controls the expected fraction of falsely rejected null hypotheses among those rejected. This paper provides a framework for understanding how and why this procedure works. We start by studying the special case where the p-values under the alternative have a common distribution, where we are able to obtain many insights into this new procedure. We first obtain bounds on the ``deciding point'' <em>D</em> that determines the critical p-value. From this, we obtain explicit asymptotic expressions for a particular risk funciton. We introduce the dual notion of false non-rejections (FNR) and we consider a risk function that combines FDR and FNR. We also consider the optimal procedure with respect to a measure of conditional risk.
Multiple aspects of mineralocorticoid selectivity (2001)

Aldosterone regulates renal sodium reabsorption through binding to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Because the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is expressed together with the MR in aldosterone target cells, glucocorticoid hormones bound to GR may also intervene to modulate physiological functions in these cells. In addition, each steroid can bind both receptors, and the MR has equal affinity for aldosterone and glucocorticoid hormones. Several cellular and molecular mechanisms intervene to allow specific aldosterone regulatory effects, despite the large prevalence of glucocorticoid hormones in the plasma. They include the local metabolism of the glucocorticoid hormones into inactive derivatives by the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; the intrinsic properties of the MR that discriminate between ligands through differential contacts; the possibility of forming homo- or heterodimers between MR and GR, leading to differential transactivation properties; and the interactions of MR and GR with other regulatory transcription factors. The relative contribution of each of these successive mechanisms may vary among aldosterone target cells (epithelial vs. nonepithelial) and according to the hormonal context. All these phenomena allow fine tuning of cellular functions depending on the degree of cooperation between corticosteroid hormones and other factors (hormonal or tissue specific). Such interactions may be altered in pathophysiological situations.
The treatment of complicated and severe malaria (2005)

All cases of falciparum malaria are potentially severe and life threatening, especially when managed inappropriately. A major reason for progression from mild through complicated to severe disease is missed or delayed diagnosis. Once diagnosed, the priority for treatment of complicated and severe disease is the parenteral administration of adequate, safe doses of an appropriate antimalarial, in the setting of the highest possible level of clinical care (i.e. usually an intensive care unit). Supportive management of complications such as coma, convulsions, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycaemia, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, renal failure, secondary infections, bleeding disorders and anaemia is also important. The most recent advance in antimalarial chemotherapy has been the use of artemisinin derivatives especially intravenous artesunate, which may well revolutionize the management of severe disease. Outside antimalarial therapy, mechanical ventilation and renal replacement have also played an important role in reducing mortality of this life-threatening condition.
Hydrogen at megabar pressures and the importance of ortho-para concentration (1998)

Hydrogen and its isotopes are discussed, showing the known phase diagrams at high pressures, with emphasis on efforts to observe the insulator-metal transitions. The role that the ortho-para concentration has played in the challenging effort to produce metallic hydrogen is discussed, showing recent NMR results on the determination of the conversion rate constant, important for knowing the state of a sample at high pressure.
ASICs design for an MTD radar (2002)

In an MTD (Moving Target Detect) radar, the digital signal processing is implemented by some real-time processing pipelines which consist of ASICs and FIFO or dual-port memory. We designed six ASICs with Xilinx FPGA, including the clutter-map unit former, the moving target signal extractor, the video signal integrator and the CFAR (Constant False Alarm Rate) operator. While all the timing and control are also realized by FPGA. With these ASICs, the system becomes small, efficient, easy to debug and now is working successfully in practical applications.
Crystal structure of (+)-(3aS,6aS,1’R)-6-oxo-3-(1’-O-benzyl-1’, 2’-dihydroxyethyl)-3a,4,6a-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-d]isoxazole, C14H15NO5 (2000)

Table 1. Data collection and handling.
White-space models for offline Arabic handwriting recognition (2008)

We propose to explicitly model white-spaces for Arabic handwriting recognition within different writing variants. Position-dependent character shapes in Arabic handwriting allow for large white-spaces between characters even within words. Here, a separate character model for white-spaces in combination with a lexicon using different writing variants and character model length adaptation is proposed. Current handwriting recognition systems model the white-spaces implicitly within the character models leading to possibly degraded models, or try to explicitly segment the Arabic words into pieces of Arabic words being prone to segmentation errors. Several white-space modeling approaches are analyzed on the well known IFN/ENIT database and outperform the best reported error rates.
An Efficient Hardware Accelerator for Structured Sparse Convolutional Neural Networks on FPGAs (2020)

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in a wide range of applications. However, deeper CNN models, which are usually computation consuming, are widely required for complex artificial intelligence (AI) tasks. Though recent research progress on network compression, such as pruning, has emerged as a promising direction to mitigate computational burden, existing accelerators are still prevented from completely utilizing the benefits of leveraging sparsity due to the irregularity caused by pruning. On the other hand, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have been regarded as a promising hardware platform for CNN inference acceleration. However, most existing FPGA accelerators focus on dense CNN and cannot address the irregularity problem. In this article, we propose a sparsewise dataflow to skip the cycles of processing multiply-and-accumulates (MACs) with zero weights and exploit data statistics to minimize energy through zeros gating to avoid unnecessary computations. The proposed sparsewise dataflow leads to a low bandwidth requirement and high data sharing. Then, we design an FPGA accelerator containing a vector generator module (VGM) that can match the index between sparse weights and input activations according to the proposed dataflow. Experimental results demonstrate that our implementation can achieve 987-, 46-, and 57-imag/s performance for AlexNet, VGG-16, and ResNet-50 on Xilinx ZCU102, respectively, which provides 1.5×-6.7× speedup and 2.0×-6.0× energy efficiency over previous CNN FPGA accelerators.
Pixel-Level Digital-to-Analog Conversion Scheme with Compensation of Thin-Film-Transistor Variations for Compact Integrated Data Drivers of Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diodes (2011)

The previous pixel-level digital-to-analog-conversion (DAC) scheme that implements a part of a DAC in a pixel circuit turned out to be very efficient for reducing the peripheral area of an integrated data driver fabricated with low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (LTPS TFTs). However, how the pixel-level DAC can be compatible with the existing pixel circuits including compensation schemes of TFT variations and IR drops on supply rails, which is of primary importance for active matrix organic light emitting diodes (AMOLEDs) is an issue in this scheme, because LTPS TFTs suffer from random variations in their characteristics. In this paper, we show that the pixel-level DAC scheme can be successfully used with the previous compensation schemes by giving two examples of voltage- and current-programming pixels. The previous pixel-level DAC schemes require additional two TFTs and one capacitor, but for these newly proposed pixel circuits, the overhead is no more than two TFTs by utilizing the already existing capacitor. In addition, through a detailed analysis, it has been shown that the pixel-level DAC can be expanded to a 4-bit resolution, or be applied together with 1:2 demultiplexing driving for 6- to 8-in. diagonal XGA AMOLED display panels.
Introduction (2002)

Ireland1 has been transformed in the 1990s. From being one of Europe’s economic and social laggards, performing well below potential since independence in 1922 and in decline relative to virtually all European states, east and west (Lee, 1989), it has in the 1990s become a showcase of successful development — Europe’s Tiger Economy held up internationally as one of the few countries which has made it in the new global e-commerce economy (Ohmae, 2000). As official delegations from countries around the world beat a path to the doors of Irish ministers, their advisers and the country’s development agencies,2 Irish economists are holding Ireland up as ‘a role model for development’ (Bradley, 2000, 22), offering ‘lessons for the periphery’ (Fitz Gerald, 2000, 55) and predicting that, over the next 15 years, ‘Ireland may achieve a standard of living among the highest within the EU’ (Fitz Gerald, 2000, 54).
Tactile augmentation: A multimethod for capturing experiential knowledge (2015)

Abstract The experiential knowledge of practice resides within the practitioner and is out of the immediate reach for other researchers. Only when practitioners have an intrinsic motivation to research and make their practice explicit can their embodied experiential knowledge reach an outside audience. The present case study is an attempt to access and understand such experiential knowledge in the act of throwing clay on a potter’s wheel. To enhance her tactile sensitivity and awareness, one of the researchers has thrown porcelain clay blindfolded for five days. Her experience has been documented and reflected upon through diaries, a Contextual Activity Sampling System (CASS-Query) and videos that include thinking aloud accounts. The findings reveal that the researcher was able to articulate her tactile experiences and share her experiential knowledge to a greater degree than before. Patterns in the making, such as dividing hands into categories of active and perceiving, and metaphorical language use were identified that may be of value in an educational setting. Feelings were acknowledged as major contributors to risk assessment and decision-making in the material problem-solving process. We propose the multimethod approach developed through this study for researcher-practitioners to capture and analyse their sensory experiences and experiential knowledge of a making situation when researching their practice.