gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Photovoltaic Installations: A Commercial Owner Perspective on PV Plant Operation and Optimization (2013)

Understanding how to optimize the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems over their lifetime is vital to the sustainable growth of the solar industry. As the number of global installations and system size continues to grow, this understanding becomes increasingly important. A systematic understanding of degradation mechanisms that are induced as a result of variables such as the service environment, installation, module design, materials, weather, operation and maintenance, and manufacturing is required for reliable operation throughout a system’s lifetime. We report the results from an analysis of commercial c-Si PV arrays owned and operated by DuPont. This evaluation provides valuable PV system field experience and will document key issues regarding safety and performance. A review of the nondestructive and destructive analytical methods and characterization strategies useful for system, module, and subsequent material component evaluations will be presented. We provide an overview of our inspection protocol and subsequent control process to mitigate risk. The objective is to explore and develop best practice protocols regarding PV asset optimization and provide a rationale to reduce risk based on the analysis of our commercial installations.
Phylogenetic Relationship of Sarcocystis neurona to Other Members of the Family Sarcocystidae Based on Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequence (1994)

Clara K. Fenger, David E. Granstrom, John L. Langemeier, Alvin Gajadhar, Gus Cothran, Robert R. Tramontin, Shelby Stamper, J. P. Dubey, Phylogenetic Relationship of Sarcocystis neurona to Other Members of the Family Sarcocystidae Based on Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequence, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 80, No. 6 (Dec., 1994), pp. 966-975
Atmosphere Control of Interface Migration and Its Effect on Dielectric Property of CuO‐Infiltrated Strontium Titanate (1996)

The control of interface migration and its effect on dielectric properties of SrTiO 3 based materials have been investigated. SrTiO 3 specimens with or without Nb 2 O 5 doping were prepared, and the atmospheres of sintering and heat treatment were varied during the processing. It has been demonstrated that the change in defect structure at the interface of Nb‐doped SrTiO 3 grains by atmosphere change was the cause of interface migration observed during CuO infiltration or heat treatment. The interface migration caused by sintering in a reducing atmosphere and infiltration in air could be suppressed by preoxidizing grain interfaces before the CuO infiltration in air. The suppression of migration increased the effective dielectric constant of the material.
Supplementary Table S3 from HPV Seroconversion Following Anal and Penile HPV Infection in HIV-Negative and HIV-Infected MSM (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S3. Multivariable associations between anal and penile HPV infection and type-specific seroconversion, additionally adjusted for multiple anal and multiple penile HPV infections.&lt;/p&gt;
A Boiling Heat Transfer Correlation for Heat Pipes (1985)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Boiling heat transfer in a water heat pipe is investigated with the objective of relating heat flux and temperature drop across the evaporator. Nucleate boiling has been postulated as the heat transfer mechanism at and near the wall. A correlation has been obtained that relates evaporator heat flux and temperature drop to various screen-wick and working fluid properties. It is shown to agree well with other available experimental data.&lt;/div&gt;
A Study of Unsteady Behavior on High-Speed Submerged Water Jets by Stereoscopic Stacking Display of Digital Images (1994)

Recently, submerged water-jets are very often applied for cutting, peening and cleaning. In such a jet-working-capacity, the shedding of cavitation clouds and the vortex cavitation around the jets are the most important factor. In order to clarify the mechanism of the shedding around the jets, we systematically observe the aspects of the jets, by means of a highspeed-video-camera, whose maximum framing rate is 40500 per second, by using a laser-light-sheets. And the digital images taken by the video camera are stacked to a stereoscopic display to examine the jets behavior changing with time. The cavitation clouds and the vortex cavitation are stereoscopically displayed by the digital image-processing-technique.
Unprocessing Images for Learned Raw Denoising (2019)

Machine learning techniques work best when the data used for training resembles the data used for evaluation. This holds true for learned single-image denoising algorithms, which are applied to real raw camera sensor readings but, due to practical constraints, are often trained on synthetic image data. Though it is understood that generalizing from synthetic to real images requires careful consideration of the noise properties of camera sensors, the other aspects of an image processing pipeline (such as gain, color correction, and tone mapping) are often overlooked, despite their significant effect on how raw measurements are transformed into finished images. To address this, we present a technique to “unprocess” images by inverting each step of an image processing pipeline, thereby allowing us to synthesize realistic raw sensor measurements from commonly available Internet photos. We additionally model the relevant components of an image processing pipeline when evaluating our loss function, which allows training to be aware of all relevant photometric processing that will occur after denoising. By unprocessing and processing training data and model outputs in this way, we are able to train a simple convolutional neural network that has 14%-38% lower error rates and is 9×-18× faster than the previous state of the art on the Darmstadt Noise Dataset, and generalizes to sensors outside of that dataset as well.
A Novel 18F-Labeled Radioligand for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (11β-HSD1): Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation in Nonhuman Primates (2019)

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) catalyzes the conversion of cortisone to cortisol and controls a key pathway in the regulation of stress. Studies have implicated 11β-HSD1 in metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and obesity, as well as stress-related disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, such as depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously developed [<sup>11</sup>C]AS2471907 as a PET radiotracer to image 11β-HSD1 in the brain of nonhuman primates and humans. However, the radiosynthesis of [<sup>11</sup>C]AS2471907 was unreliable and low-yielding. Here, we report the development of the <sup>18</sup>F-labeled version [<sup>18</sup>F]AS2471907, including the synthesis of two iodonium ylide precursors and the optimization of <sup>18</sup>F-radiosynthesis. Preliminary PET experiments, composed of a baseline scan of [<sup>18</sup>F]AS2471907 and a blocking scan with the reversible 11β-HSD1 inhibitor ASP3662 (0.3 mg/kg), was also conducted in a rhesus monkey to verify the pharmacokinetics of [<sup>18</sup>F]AS2471907 and its specific binding in the brain. The iodonium ylide precursors were prepared in a seven-step synthetic route with an optimized overall yield of ∼2%. [<sup>18</sup>F]AS2471907 was synthesized in good radiochemical purity, with the ortho regioisomer of iodonium ylide providing greater radiochemical yield as compared with the para regioisomer. In monkey brain, [<sup>18</sup>F]AS2471907 displayed high uptake and heterogeneous distribution, while administration of the 11β-HSD1 inhibitor ASP3662 significantly reduced radiotracer uptake, thus demonstrating the binding specificity of [<sup>18</sup>F]AS2471907. Given the longer half-life of F-18 and feasibility for central production and distribution, [<sup>18</sup>F]AS2471907 holds great promise to be a valuable PET radiotracer to image 11β-HSD1 in the brain.
Theory and application of x-ray and gamma-ray backscatter to landmine detection. Research report, 1968-1973 (1975)

This report discusses the theory and application of x-ray and gamma-ray backscatter to the problem of nonmetallic landmine detection. The fundamental interactions of X and gamma radiation with matter, including photoelectric absorption, Compton scattering, and pair production, are reviewed. The backscatter spectrum is analyzed in terms of the components due to single and multiple scattering. The variation of the backscatter spectrum with changes in the average atomic number of the scattering material and with changes in source energy is explained. Four different source/detector geometries are compared in terms of countrate for a given source strength, target-present-to-target-absent ratio, sensitivity to height variations above the scatter, and sensitivity to scatter density. Theoretical and practical factors in the selection of sources and detectors are considered. Three techniques for compensating for height variations are discussed, the most promising of which is a K-edge-filter method.
Unequal and interleaved FEC protocol for robust MPEG-4 multicasting over wireless LANs (2004)

Robust video streaming over wireless local area networks (IEEE 802.11) faces many challenges, including bandwidth channel variations, data errors/losses, and terminal capacity heterogeneity. This is worsen by the TCP/IP architecture that does not offer any quality of service QoS guarantees to demanding applications such as video streaming. In order to improve error resilience and user-perceived video quality, a novel error control protocol, called "unequally interleaved forward error correction" (UI-FEC), is proposed. UI-FEC is particularly efficient for adaptive MPEG-4 video multicast over wireless LAN. The proposed protocol is composed of (1) a coordinated unequal and interleaved MPEG-4 data protection mechanism, that gracefully degrades video quality at receivers while minimizing the overall link bandwidth consumption; (2) an adaptive MPEG-4 video fragmentation and encapsulation protocol for a higher wireless link utilization.
Electrochemical Polymerization and Characterization of Conducting Copolymers from Pyrrole and Poly(acryloyl chloride) (2002)

The electroactive copolymer of poly(acryloyl chloride)(PAC) and polypyrrole(PPy) was synthesized by the electrochemical polymerization using a polymer precursor which contains pyrrole moiety in its side chain. Poly(acryloyl pyrrole)(PAP) was synthesized by the addition polymerization of monomer obtained by the reaction with acryloyl chloride and potassium pyrrole salt and characterized using FT-IR and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. The electrochemical property and morphology of PAC-g-PPy copolymer was investigated comparing with those PAC/PPy composite.
Avirulence Genes in Cereal Powdery Mildews: The Gene-for-Gene Hypothesis 2.0 (2016)

The gene-for-gene hypothesis states that for each gene controlling resistance in the host, there is a corresponding, specific gene controlling avirulence in the pathogen. Allelic series of the cereal mildew resistance genes Pm3 and Mla provide an excellent system for genetic and molecular analysis of resistance specificity. Despite this opportunity for molecular research, avirulence genes in mildews remain underexplored. Earlier work in barley powdery mildew (B.g. hordei) has shown that the reaction to some Mla resistance alleles is controlled by multiple genes. Similarly, several genes are involved in the specific interaction of wheat mildew (B.g. tritici) with the Pm3 allelic series. We found that two mildew genes control avirulence on Pm3f: one gene is involved in recognition by the resistance protein as demonstrated by functional studies in wheat and the heterologous host Nicotiana benthamiana. A second gene is a suppressor, and resistance is only observed in mildew genotypes combining the inactive suppressor and the recognized Avr. We propose that such suppressor/avirulence gene combinations provide the basis of specificity in mildews. Depending on the particular gene combinations in a mildew race, different genes will be genetically identified as the "avirulence" gene. Additionally, the observation of two LINE retrotransposon-encoded avirulence genes in B.g. hordei further suggests that the control of avirulence in mildew is more complex than a canonical gene-for-gene interaction. To fully understand the mildew-cereal interactions, more knowledge on avirulence determinants is needed and we propose ways how this can be achieved based on recent advances in the field.
On morphological openings and closings of signals in shaped noise (2002)

We have shown previously that morphological openings and closings can be viewed as consistent MAP estimators of morphologically smooth binary image signals immersed in i.i.d. union (clutter) noise, or suffering from i.i.d. random dropouts. We revisit this viewpoint under a different set of assumptions, which allows the explicit incorporation of geometric and morphological constraints into the noise model, i.e., the noise may now exhibit a geometric structure; surprisingly, it turns out that this affects neither the optimality nor the consistency of these filters.
Biochemical markers of growth hormone (GH) sensitivity in children with idiopathic short stature: individual capacity of IGF‐I generation after high‐dose GH treatment determines the growth response to GH (2002)

The individual capacity of IGF-I generation after high-dose GH treatment (6.0 IU/m2) determines the growth response on high-dose GH treatment. Peripheral markers do not seem to play a role in growth prediction of children with ISS.
Declarative routing (2005)

The Internet's core routing infrastructure, while arguably robust and efficient, has proven to be difficult to evolve to accommodate the needs of new applications. Prior research on this problem has included new hard-coded routing protocols on the one hand, and fully extensible Active Networks on the other. In this paper, we explore a new point in this design space that aims to strike a better balance between the extensibility and robustness of a routing infrastructure. The basic idea of our solution, which we call declarative routing, is to express routing protocols using a database query language. We show that our query language is a natural fit for routing, and can express a variety of well-known routing protocols in a compact and clean fashion. We discuss the security of our proposal in terms of its computational expressive power and language design. Via simulation, and deployment on PlanetLab, we demonstrate that our system imposes no fundamental limits relative to traditional protocols, is amenable to query optimizations, and can sustain long-lived routes under network churn and congestion.
Taurine protection of PC12 cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by oxidative stress (2010)

In summary, taurine was shown to protect PC12 cells against oxidative stress induced by H2O2. ER stress was induced by oxidative stress and can be suppressed by taurine.
Effect of Copolymer Composition on the Oxygen Transport Properties of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone) and Sulfonated Poly(sulfide sulfone) PEMs (2005)

Mass transport properties were investigated by means of the chronoamperometry method for a series of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPES) membranes and sulfonated polysulfide sulfone (SPSS) polymers of various ion exchange capacities (IEC) at a Pt (microelectrode)/proton exchange membrane (PEM) interface. The temperature and pressure dependence of oxygen transport parameters show similar trends for the SPES 30-60 and SPSS 20-50 membranes. The diffusion coefficient was found to increase with the IEC while solubility decreases. The results are discussed in the context of water/polymer interactions and morphology-facilitated mass transport characteristics.
How a SIMD machine can implement a complex cellular automata? a case study: von Neumann's 29-state cellular automaton (1989)

This study is a part of an effort to simulate the 29-state self-reproducing cellular automaton described by John von Neumann in a manuscript that dates back to 1952. We are interested in the programming of very large SIMD arrays which, as a consequence of scaling them up, incorporate some features of cellular automata. Designing tools for programming them requires an experimental ground: considering that von Neumann's 29-state is the only known very large and complex cellular automaton, its simulation is a necessary first step. Embedded in a two-dimensional cellular array, using 29 states per cell and 5-cell neighborhood, this automaton exhibits the capabilities of universal computation and universal construction.
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: Functional and Symptomatic Outcomes Beyond Two Years (SS‐18) (2008)

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has emerged as an effective second line treatment for articular cartilage injuries of the knee. ACI is indicated in younger patients with more substantial chondral defects of the femoral condyle, trochlea or patella that have failed prior palliative intervention. Unlike other restorative and reparative treatments, this procedure is amenable to large (up to 10cm2), multiple, and irregularly-shaped lesions. Concurrent re-alignment or meniscal procedures are increasingly common as an added measure of protection for the chondral repair.
Synthesis of soluble single‐walled carbon nanotubes with poly (1,3‐cyclohexadiene): Grafting poly(1,3‐cyclohexadienyl)lithium onto a solid surface (2012)

Abstract The first‐ever grafting of poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene) (PCHD) onto single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was accomplished by reaction with poly(1,3‐cyclohexadienyl)lithium. The rate of this reaction was especially slow due to the heterogeneous nature of the reaction system. The concentration of active carbons available for reaction with PCHDLi on the solid surface of the SWNTs was found to be approximately 2.0 mol %. The mass of PCHD attached to the SWNTs was effectively controlled by varying the molecular weight of the PCHD. The resulting PCHD‐grafted SWNTs exhibited excellent solubility in organic solvent, maintaining a highly stable homogeneous dispersion even after 3 months. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Dried calcium alginate/magnetite spheres: A new support for chromatographic separations and enzyme immobilization (1985)

Dried spheres made from an alginate solution containing magnetite particles have excellent potential as a support for enzyme immobilization and chromatographic applications. The beads were found to be much stronger than gels such as polyacrylamide and dextran, indicating that high flow rates and pressures could be used in column separations. The support withstood not only temperatures of up to 120 degrees C, but also most pH values and common solvents. While some solutions, such as phosphate buffers, dissolved the spheres, stabilization with Tyzor TE(R) eliminated this problem. The physical properties of the beads include a glasslike density of 2.2 g/mL, excellent sphericity, low porosity, and a narrow size distribution. The magnetite present in the support allows the beads to be used for magnetic separations such as high gradient magnetic filtration. Their high degree of microroughness provides a large exposed surface area for enzyme and ligand binding. Mixed Actinomyces fradiae proteases and Aspergillus niger alpha-amylase, two enzymes representative of classes which attack large substrates, were immobilized on the bead's surface with high activity and stability. A cyanuric dye which can be used in chromatographic applications (Cibacron Blue F3GA(R)) was also readily coupled to the surface of this support with good yield. The support should have a wide range of applications in bioseparation and immobilized biochemical technology.
Towards a robotic farming vision: advances in sensors and controllers for agricultural system applications (2002)

Real-time control is becoming an integral part of modern machine systems for high quality agricultural production. Maintaining consistently high quality agricultural production while keeping up with growing labor shortages is a challenge. Providing a work place for laborers which meets increasingly rigorous safety requirements and environmental constraints is likewise a challenge, more appropriate energy management and soil management have also motivated real-time control applications. Appropriate sensing and control systems can reduce labor requirements, function in difficult environments and allow vehicles to adapt to varying soil chemical and physical states. Labor shortages and environmental constraints coupled with the reality of spatial variability of chemical and physical properties among and within agricultural production areas readily explain the migration toward real-time control of agricultural equipment. This paper presents a review of the most recent advances in the development of sensors and controllers for agricultural applications.
Multicentre consensus recommendations for skin care in inherited epidermolysis bullosa (2014)

The recommendations are expected to be useful for daily global care of EB patients, in particular in the community setting. An optimal management of patients is also a prerequisite to allow them to benefit from the specific molecular and cell-based treatments currently under development.
A New Objective Skills Assessment System for Telerobotic Surgery (2006)

Narula, V. K.; Watson, W. C.; Scott Davis, S.; Hinshaw, K.; Needleman, B. J.; Mikami, D. J.; Hazey, J. W.; Winston, J. H.; Muscarella, P.; Rubin, M.; Patel, V.; Scott Melvin, W. Author Information
Changing Definition of Productive Life in US Holsteins: Effect on Genetic Correlations (2005)

Data included 392,800 records for cows born between 1995 and 1997. Traits analyzed were milk, fat, and protein yields, somatic cell score, days open (DO), 18 linear type traits, final score, and several measures of longevity. Productive life (PL) was defined as the total number of days in milk up to 84 mo of age with a restriction of 305, 500, or 999 d per lactation (PL(305), PL(500), or PL(999), respectively). Herd life was defined as the total number of days from the first calving date to the last (culling) date. A multiple-trait sire model including the effects of registration status, herd-year, age group, month of calving and stage of lactation, sire, and residual was used for parameter estimation. The average duration of the first lactation was 365 d for survivors and 386 d for culled cows. Lactation lengths for the survivors in the next 3 parities all exceeded 330 d. Heritability estimates of between 0.08 and 0.10 were obtained for all definitions of longevity. As maximum recordable PL was increased from 305 to 999 d per lactation, the genetic correlations with milk production increased (from -0.11 to +0.14) and with DO decreased (-0.62 to -0.27). Formulas for an indirect prediction of PL from correlated traits were developed. As maximum PL per lactation was increased, little change in the weights used to predict the various measures of PL, with the exception of DO was found. As the currently used value of PL(305) does not properly account for the longer lactation lengths that are routinely occurring with today's cows, PL with longer lactations may be preferable in routine evaluation.