gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extending the Bejan number to a general form (2013)

A modified form of the Bejan number (Be), originally proposed by Bhattacharjee and Grosshandler for momentum processes, is obtained by replacing the dynamic viscosity (m) appearing in the original proposition with the equivalent product of the fluid density (r) and the momentum diffusivity of the fluid (n). This modified form is not only more akin to the physics it represents but it also has the advantage of being dependent on only one viscosity coefficient. Moreover, this simple modification allows for a much simpler extension of Be to other diffusion processes, such as a heat or a species transfer process, by simply replacing the diffusivity coefficient. Consequently, a general Be representation for any process involving pressure-drop and diffusion becomes possible. It is shown that this general representation yields analogous results for any process satisfying the Reynolds analogy (i.e., when Pr = Sc = 1), in which case the momentum, energy and species concentration representations of Be turn out to be the same.
Increased cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult human Huntington's disease brain (2003)

Neurogenesis has recently been observed in the adult human brain, suggesting the possibility of endogenous neural repair. However, the augmentation of neurogenesis in the adult human brain in response to neuronal cell loss has not been demonstrated. This study was undertaken to investigate whether neurogenesis occurs in the subependymal layer (SEL) adjacent to the caudate nucleus in the human brain in response to neurodegeneration of the caudate nucleus in Huntington's disease (HD). Postmortem control and HD human brain tissue were examined by using the cell cycle marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the neuronal marker beta III-tubulin, and the glial cell marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). We observed a significant increase in cell proliferation in the SEL in HD compared with control brains. Within the HD group, the degree of cell proliferation increased with pathological severity and increasing CAG repeats in the HD gene. Most importantly, PCNA+ cells were shown to coexpress beta III-tubulin or GFAP, demonstrating the generation of neurons and glial cells in the SEL of the diseased human brain. Our results provide evidence of increased progenitor cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the diseased adult human brain and further indicate the regenerative potential of the human brain.
Active‐Site Catalytic Efficiency of Acetylcholinesterase Molecular Forms in Electrophorus, Torpedo, Rat and Chicken (1978)

The active sites of acetylcholinesterase multiple forms from four widely different zoological species ( Electrophorus, Torpedo , rat and chicken) were titrated using a stable, irreversible phosphorylating inhibitor ( O ‐ethyl‐ S 2 ‐diisopropylaminoethyl methyl‐phosphonothionate). In all cases, we found that within a given species, the molecular forms we examined were equivalent in their catalytic activity per active site. As pure preparations of the molecular forms of Electrophorus acetylcholin‐esterase were available, we were able to establish that one inhibitor molecule binds per monomer unit for each of them. This had already been shown by several authors for the tetrameric globular form, but not for the tailed molecules. Analysis of the phosphorylation reaction showed that they are equally reactive. Under our experimental conditions, their turnover number per site was 4.4 × 10 7 mol of acetylthiocholine hydrolysed · h −1 at 28 °C, pH 7.0. The corresponding value was less than half for Torpedo (1.64 × 10 7 mol · h −1 ), and again lower for rat (1.32 × 10 7 mol · h −1 ). In the case of rat acetylcholinesterase, the activity per active site of solubilized (with or without Triton X‐100) and membrane‐bound enzyme were identical. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to the quaternary structure of acetylcholinesterase, and to the physico‐chemical state and physiological properties of its molecular forms.
ChemInform Abstract: PERFLUORIERTE N‐FLUORIMINE, SYNTH. UND RK. MIT NUCLEOPHILEN REAGENZIEN (1971)

Abstract Nach bekannten Methoden gelingt die Darstellung von drei Typen von Per‐fluoriminen, nämlich (I), (II) und (III).
Excessive Blinking and Ataxia in a Child With Occult Neuroblastoma and Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Antibodies (2012)

A previously healthy 9-year-old girl presented with a 10-day history of slowly progressive unsteadiness, slurred speech, and behavior change. On examination there was cerebellar ataxia and dysarthria, excessive blinking, subtle perioral myoclonus, and labile mood. The finding of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid prompted paraneoplastic serological evaluation and search for an occult neural crest tumor. Antineuronal nuclear autoantibody type 1 (anti-Hu) and voltage-gated potassium channel complex antibodies were detected in serum. Metaiodobenzylguanidine scan and computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed a localized abdominal mass in the region of the porta hepatis. A diagnosis of occult neuroblastoma was made. Resection of the stage 1 neuroblastoma and treatment with pulsed corticosteroids resulted in resolution of all symptoms and signs. Excessive blinking has rarely been described with neuroblastoma, and, when it is not an isolated finding, it may be a useful clue to this paraneoplastic syndrome. Although voltage-gated potassium channel complex autoimmunity has not been described previously in the setting of neuroblastoma, it is associated with a spectrum of paraneoplastic neurologic manifestations in adults, including peripheral nerve hyperexcitability disorders.
Abstract 2785: Discovery of a novel HDM2 inhibitor with potent in vivo anti-tumor activity (2012)

Abstract HDM2 is a major negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway. Aberrant HDM2 overexpression and gene amplification contributed to accelerated cancer development and growth. Several small molecule inhibitors of HDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction have been reported in recent years with anti-tumor activities in tumor xenograft models. Here we describe a novel and potent small molecule inhibitor of HDM-p53 inhibitor that binds selectively to HDM2 with high affinity compared to HDM4. Treatment of cancer cells with this HDM2 inhibitor results in activation of p53 pathway as demonstrated by study of pharmacodynamic biomarkers both in cell culture and in tumor xenograft in vivo. More importantly, cancer cells response to this HDM2 inhibitor is mechanism based and dependent on the presence of functional p53 status as shown in a profiling of a broad-panel of cancer cell lines. This inhibitor is very potent against cancer cell growth with IC50 below 200 nM for most cell lines tested in vitro. It is orally bioavailable and has single agent activity that results tumor regression in SJSA-1 osteosarcoma model or growth inhibition in A549 NSCLC and A2780 ovarian cancer xenograft models. In addition, combination of this HDM2 inhibitor with various chemotherapy agents results in added or synergistic anti-tumor response both in vitro and in vivo in several human cancer xenograft models with limited bone marrow toxicity at the efficacious dose. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2785. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2785
Transport Systems for l -Methionine in Escherichia coli (1974)

The transport of l-methionine into cells of Escherichia coli is described. The transported methionine undergoes a fairly rapid conversion to other cellular metabolites, primarily polyamines, but within 2 min, at least 65% of the intracellular label remains as methionine. The uptake process, which is temperature dependent, allows the accumulation of methionine against a concentration gradient. The dependence of the initial rate of uptake on the extracellular substrate concentration indicates the presence of multiple transport systems, whose kinetic behavior can be approximated by two systems, one with K(T) = 7.5 x 10(-8) M and V(T) = 200 pmol per muliter of cell water per min, and the other with K(T) = 40 x 10(-6) M and V(T) = 1,550 pmol per muliter per min. Both systems are highly specific for l-methionine. Methionine derivatives substituted on the amino or carboxyl group were somewhat effective as inhibitors of l-methionine uptake, whereas d-methionine, ethionine, or other amino acids were poorly inhibitory, if at all. The uptake process is dependent on metabolic energy, but apparently this energy can be derived either from glycolysis or from oxidative phosphorylation. Efflux of methionine was demonstrable, and both the influx and efflux process were susceptible to inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide. The intracellular pool of l-methionine was estimated to be 0.1 to 0.3 mM. The transport in two mutant strains defective in methionine uptake (metD and metP) showed that the high-affinity transport system was lost, whereas the low-affinity system remained more or less intact.
<title>Phthalocyanine CD-R for high-speed recording</title> (1995)

We have developed CD-R media using phthalocyanine dye for the recording layer. This phthalocyanine CD-R has good recording performance in high speed and normal speed recording. We analyzed this behavior compared to cyanine CD-R, and found that even the shortest pits (3T) in phthalocyanine CD-R were sufficiently formed in high speed recording. On the other hand, it is difficult for cyanine CD-R to form the short pit sufficiently by irradiation of a short laser pulse corresponding to the high speed recording. We conclude that the difference in the shortest pit (3T) formation between phthalocyanine CD-R and cyanine CD-R for high speed recording is due to the difference in the dye decomposition process. That is, the phthalocyanine dye is decomposed more rapidly than the cyanine dye for less than 0.5 microsecond(s) of the laser pulse irradiation, resulting the effective formation of the shortest pit (3T) in high speed recording.
Convolutional Neural Network Based Human Movement Recognition Using Surface Electromyography (2018)

Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals are physiological signals with non-stationary and non-gaussian characteristics. For different subjects, the statistical characteristics will be different. At the same time, as the number of movement increases, it becomes more and more difficult to classify them with high accuracy. In this paper, convolutional neural network and wavelet packet decomposition are proposed for the classification of 49 human movements in NinaPro database 2. The result shows that the average recognition accuracy for all the 49 movements is 90.77% across all the 40 subjects. Compared with the results in other papers with the same set of data, the accuracy has been improved by 12.06%. The results indicate that the proposed algorithms are very helpful for the recognition of sEMG based hand movements.
Tunable magnetic anisotropy in perpendicular exchange-coupled CoFeB/(Co/Pt) films (2015)

• Spintronics is a branch of technology that utilizes the spins of a certain material’s electrons, rather than the electron’s charge, to carry and store information by use of either magnetic or electric fields. • Spintronics aids in the development of novel magnetic structures. Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs) are the most common spintronics devices, as they are used in the read heads of most hard disk drives. • This project involved using the Object Oriented Micro Magnetic Framework (OOMMF) to model certain magnetic multilayers. Using OOMMF could aid in further understanding the dynamics of magnetization switching.
Three-Dimensional Viscoelasticity (2009)

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A Self-Diagnosis Medical Chatbot Using Artificial Intelligence (2018)

To lead a good life healthcare is very much important. But it is very difficult to obtain the consultation with the doctor in case of any health issues. The proposed idea is to create a medical chatbot using Artificial Intelligence that can diagnose the disease and provide basic details about the disease before consulting a doctor .To reduce the healthcare costs and improve accessibility to medical knowledge the medical chatbot is built. Certain chatbots acts as a medical reference books, which helps the patient know more about their disease and helps to improve their health. The user can achieve the real benefit of a chatbot only when it can diagnose all kind of disease and provide necessary information. A text-to-text diagnosis bot engages patients in conversation about their medical issues and provides a personalized diagnosis based on their symptoms. Hence, people will have an idea about their health and have the right protection.
Reduced Nitric Oxide Causes Age-Associated Impairment of Circadian Rhythmicity (2008)

Impairment of circadian rhythmicity in the elderly has been suggested to cause age-associated diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is a critical regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis, but its production declines with aging, thereby inducing vascular dysfunction. We show here that impaired circadian rhythmicity is related to a decrease of NO production with aging. Treatment with an NO donor significantly upregulated the promoter activity of the clock gene Period via the cAMP response element-dependent and the E-box enhancer element-dependent pathways. Both phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation by NO are involved in this upregulation. In aged animals, endothelial NO synthase activity was markedly decreased during the daytime, along with impairment of clock gene expression and the circadian variation in blood pressure. Treatment of aged animals with an NO donor significantly improved the impairments. Inhibition of NO synthase activity also led to impairment of clock gene expression and blood pressure rhythm. These results suggest that NO is a key regulator of the circadian clock in the cardiovascular system and may be a novel target for the treatment of age-associated alteration of circadian rhythms.
Influence of contact pressure on fretting fatigue behaviour of AA 2014 alloy with dissimilar mating material (2006)

ABSTRACT The effect of contact pressure on the fretting fatigue behaviour of 2014 Al alloy which has been solution heat treated and age hardened (T6 heat treatment) with dissimilar mating materials, was investigated. The fretting fatigue configuration involved bridge‐type contact pads on a flat fatigue specimen. Specimens were made of 2014 Al alloy and bridge‐type pads were made AISI 4140 steel. All the fatigue tests were conducted at a rotational speed of 5000 rpm with a rotating bending fatigue machine ( R =−1), using S – N curves to evaluate the fatigue and fretting fatigue properties. The fretting fatigue strength of the material subject to a T6 heat treatment condition at 1 × 10 7 cycles was dramatically reduced, as compared to that without fretting and with as‐cast. The fretting fatigue life exhibited a variable behaviour with an increase in the contact pressure. A scanning electron microscope was employed to observe the fretting scars and fracture surfaces of the specimens. This analysis showed that cracks originated at the contact surface and crack orientations were approximately ±56 ° from perpendicular to the loading direction.
Acculturation Associated with Sleep Duration, Sleep Quality, and Sleep Disorders at the US–Mexico Border (2020)

Sleep disparities exist among Hispanics/Latinos, although little work has characterized individuals at the United States (US)-Mexico border, particularly as it relates to acculturation. This study examined the association of Anglo and Mexican acculturation to various facets of sleep health among those of Mexican descent at the US-Mexico border. Data were collected from <i>N</i> = 100 adults of Mexican descent in the city of Nogales, Arizona (AZ). Surveys were presented in English or Spanish. Acculturation was assessed with the Acculturation Scale for Mexican-Americans (ARSMA-II). Insomnia was assessed with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), sleepiness was assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), sleep apnea risk was assessed with the Multivariable Apnea Prediction (MAP) index, weekday and weekend sleep duration and efficiency were assessed with the Sleep Timing Questionnaire, sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and sleep duration and sleep medication use were assessed with PSQI items. No associations were found between Mexican acculturation and any sleep outcomes in adjusted analyses. Anglo acculturation was associated with less weekend sleep duration and efficiency, worse insomnia severity and sleep quality, and more sleep apnea risk and sleep medication use. These results support the idea that sleep disparities may depend on the degree of acculturation, which should be considered in risk screening and interventions.
Ultrathin nitrided gate dielectrics: Plasma processing, chemical characterization, performance, and reliability (1999)

The incorporation of nitrogen (N) atoms into ultrathin gate dielectrics 1) at monolayer levels at Si-SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> interfaces reduces tunneling current and defect generation; 2) in bulk nitrides, as in oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) or oxide-nitride (ON) composite structures, allows the use of physically thicker films without reduced capacitance compared to single-layer oxides; and 3) in nitrided layers at the polycrystalline Si-dielectric interface or in ON dielectrics reduces boron (B) atom out-diffusion from heavily doped p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> polycrystalline silicon gate electrodes into oxide gate dielectrics. The results presented in this review demonstrate that N atoms can be selectively and independently incorporated into different parts of the gate dielectric by low-temperatureremote-plasma-assisted processing. When combined with low-thermal-budget rapid thermal annealing, this yields ultrathin gate dielectrics with performance and reliability which generally exceeds that of single-layer thermally grown oxides. The devices addressed in this paper include n-MOS and p-mos field-effect transistors (FETs) with oxide-equivalent thicknesses of less than 2 nm.
Pulse Wave Propagation in the Arterial Tree (2011)

The beating heart creates blood pressure and flow pulsations that propagate as waves through the arterial tree that are reflected at transitions in arterial geometry and elasticity. Waves carry information about the matter in which they propagate. Therefore, modeling of arterial wave propagation extends our knowledge about the functioning of the cardiovascular system and provides a means to diagnose disorders and predict the outcome of medical interventions. In this review we focus on the physical and mathematical modeling of pulse wave propagation, based on general fluid dynamical principles. In addition we present potential applications in cardiovascular research and clinical practice. Models of short- and long-term adaptation of the arterial system and methods that deal with uncertainties in personalized model parameters and boundary conditions are briefly discussed, as they are believed to be major topics for further study and will boost the significance of arterial pulse wave modeling even more.
StirMark benchmark: audio watermarking attacks (2002)

We briefly present the architecture of a public automated evaluation service we are developing for still images, sound and video. We also detail new tests that will be included in this platform. The set of tests is related to audio data and addresses the usual equalisation and normalisation but also time stretching, pitch shifting and specially designed audio attack algorithms. These attacks are discussed and results on watermark attacks and perceived quality after applying the attacks are provided.
Pharmaceutical Strategies for Activating Sirtuins (2009)

The sirtuins are protein modifying enzymes widely distributed in all forms of life. The sirtuins are principally NAD(+)-dependent protein acetyl-lysine deacetylases that reverse acetyl-modifications of proteins. The sirtuins are implicated in a variety of adaptations to reduced nutritional intake, and increase lifespan in several model organisms, such as yeast, flies and worms. The human sirtuins (SIRT1-7) have been identified to regulate a variety of biological processes, such as glucose homeostasis, gluconeogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, insulin secretion, adipogenesis and adipolysis, apoptosis, senescence and metabolism. The potency of sirtuins in regulating mammalian biological processes invites consideration of them as potential drug targets. This review considers small molecule approaches to activate sirtuins in a biochemical and biological context. These approaches include allosteric activation, which has been demonstrated for the SIRT1 enzyme. Another approach discussed is enhancement of NAD+ levels in cells, since sirtuins appear to be responsive to increased cellular NAD+. Finally, a sirtuin-specific approach is considered that is called nicotinamide derepression. This approach is designed to antagonize physiologic nicotinamide inhibition of sirtuins as a means to upregulate sirtuin function. Biological data that provides evidence of effectiveness of these approaches in in vitro and in vivo contexts is presented along with a discussion of the theoretical considerations that underpin these strategies. Efficacies and shortcomings of the various approaches are also discussed.
OpenProt: a more comprehensive guide to explore eukaryotic coding potential and proteomes (2018)

Advances in proteomics and sequencing have highlighted many non-annotated open reading frames (ORFs) in eukaryotic genomes. Genome annotations, cornerstones of today's research, mostly rely on protein prior knowledge and on ab initio prediction algorithms. Such algorithms notably enforce an arbitrary criterion of one coding sequence (CDS) per transcript, leading to a substantial underestimation of the coding potential of eukaryotes. Here, we present OpenProt, the first database fully endorsing a polycistronic model of eukaryotic genomes to date. OpenProt contains all possible ORFs longer than 30 codons across 10 species, and cumulates supporting evidence such as protein conservation, translation and expression. OpenProt annotates all known proteins (RefProts), novel predicted isoforms (Isoforms) and novel predicted proteins from alternative ORFs (AltProts). It incorporates cutting-edge algorithms to evaluate protein orthology and re-interrogate publicly available ribosome profiling and mass spectrometry datasets, supporting the annotation of thousands of predicted ORFs. The constantly growing database currently cumulates evidence from 87 ribosome profiling and 114 mass spectrometry studies from several species, tissues and cell lines. All data is freely available and downloadable from a web platform (www.openprot.org) supporting a genome browser and advanced queries for each species. Thus, OpenProt enables a more comprehensive landscape of eukaryotic genomes' coding potential.
<title>Technological aspects of fiber optic integrated structures manufacturing</title> (1997)

Results of research on lightguides and imageguides made of fiber optic integrated structure have been presented. Integrated bundles are being used in many biomedical and technical applications. Practical suitability of these structures is determined by a few parameters: transmission, cross-section structure, resolution, contrast. To meet all these requirements it is necessary to solve many technological problems.