gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decadal Journey of E-Waste Recycling: What Has It Achieved? (2022)

E-waste recycling has been a hot topic around the world. This Feature revisits the issues raised by our previous Feature 10 years ago, i.e., the environmental, economic, and social benefits of e-waste recycling, using China as an example. The decadal journey of e-waste recycling has witnessed a giant leap from haphazard disposal initially to regulated disassembly presently. Specific successful stories include cleaned environment and reduced human exposure, significant advantages of urban mining over mineral mining, additional employment opportunities, and improved legislation system related to e-waste recycling. Strict legislation systems related to e-waste management based on the principle of Extended Producer Responsibility are key to the sustainable development of the e-waste recycling sector in China. The experiences and lessons learned in China would provide valuable guidelines for other developing countries.
Digital Predistortion for Power Amplifiers in Hybrid MIMO Systems with Antenna Subarrays (2015)

We consider digital predistortion (DPD) for linearizing power amplifiers (PAs) of hybrid MIMO systems with subarrays. Designing such a DPD scheme is difficult because one DPD should linearize all PAs of a subarray whose beamforming coefficients are time-varying. We develop an adaptive DPD technique for each subarray based on direct learning method minimizing the sum of squared errors between the input and output signals of PAs. Use of the least mean square (LMS) Newton algorithm is proposed to adaptively control the DPD parameters. It is shown that the proposed DPD can simultaneously linearize multiple PAs in a subarray irrespective of its beamforming coefficients. Computer simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can perform better than an alternative scheme that designs the DPD based on one of the PA outputs and uses the resulting DPD for all PAs of the subarray.
High-speed separation of large (>1 .mu.m) particles by steric field-flow fractionation (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-speed separation of large (>1 .mu.m) particles by steric field-flow fractionationThomas. Koch and J. Calvin. GiddingsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 6, 994–997Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00297a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00297a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of Kramers-Kronig transformations to increase the bandwidth of small antennas (2019)

Abstract. The internally stored electric energy (Q-energy) of a disk monopole antenna increases as compared to a monopole antenna without a top disk. Recently it was shown that the Q-energy can be significantly reduced and the bandwidth increased by shielding the disk monopole antenna using a thin magnetic material. In the present paper we consider the same structure to explain another method to increase the bandwidth by using a shield made of dispersive magnetic material. We apply the Kramers-Kronig transforms to derive physically correct real and imaginary parts of the dispersive magnetic material. We do not aim at a reduction of the internal energy but at a compensation of the electric by a magnetic stored energy for a wide frequency range. Disk monopole antennas with shells consisting of such dispersive permeability are finally numerically evaluated by means of a commercial frequency-domain field simulator.
Eddy-current losses in a tubular linear induction motor (1994)

Primary core and solid secondary eddy-current losses are determined in the electromagnetic topology of a tubular linear induction motor (TLIM). The nonlinear B-H characteristic, hysteresis and skin effect are considered in deriving formulas for eddy-current losses. A means to reduce these losses in the primary core laminations is presented. In addition, techniques for parameter determination of the equivalent circuit and performance predictions are developed by extending the theory presented in the paper. Experimental results show good agreement with calculated values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Micaceous Plaque on the Elbow of an Older Adult (2020)

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Characterization of Ypr1p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a 2‐methylbutyraldehyde reductase (2002)

The metabolism of aldehydes and ketones in yeast is important for biosynthetic, catabolic and detoxication processes. Aldo-keto reductases are a family of enzymes that are able to reduce aldehydes and ketones. The roles of individual aldo-keto reductases in yeast has been difficult to determine because of overlapping substrate specificities of these enzymes. In this study, we have cloned, expressed and characterized the aldo-keto reductase Ypr1p from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and we describe its substrate specificity. The enzyme displays high specific activity towards 2-methylbutyraldehyde, as well as other aldehydes such as hexanal. It exhibits extremely low activity as a glycerol dehydrogenase. The enzyme functions over a wide pH range and uses NADPH as co-factor. In comparison to other mammalian and yeast aldo-keto reductases, Ypr1p has relatively high affinity for D,L-glyceraldehyde (1.08 mM) and hexanal (0.39 mM), but relatively low affinity for 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (1.07 mM). It displays higher specific activity for 2-methylbutyraldehyde than does yeast alcohol dehydrogenase and has a K(m) for 2-methyl butyraldehyde of 1.09 mM. The enzyme is expressed during growth on glucose, but its levels are rapidly induced by osmotic and oxidative stress. Yeast in which the YPR1 gene has been deleted possess 50% lower 2-methylbutyraldehyde reductase activity than the wild-type strain. This suggests that the enzyme may contribute to 2-methyl butyraldehyde reduction in vivo. It may therefore play a role in isoleucine catabolism and fusel alcohol formation and may influence flavour formation by strains of brewing yeast.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Protects against Obesity-Induced Hepatic Inflammation (2007)

Recently it has become evident that obesity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) has been shown to have a strong antiinflammatory action in liver. However, the role of PPARalpha in obesity-induced inflammation is much less clear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine whether PPARalpha plays a role in obesity-induced hepatic inflammation. To induce obesity, wild-type sv129 and PPARalpha(-/-) mice were exposed to a chronic high-fat diet (HFD), using a low-fat diet (LFD) as control. In wild-type mice, HFD significantly increased the hepatic and adipose expression of numerous genes involved in inflammation. Importantly, this effect was amplified in PPARalpha(-/-) mice, suggesting an antiinflammatory role of PPARalpha in liver and adipose tissue. Further analysis identified specific chemokines and macrophage markers, including monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and F4/80(+), that were elevated in liver and adipose tissue of PPARalpha(-/-) mice, indicating increased inflammatory cell recruitment in the knockout animals. When all groups of mice were analyzed together, a significant correlation between hepatic triglycerides and expression of inflammatory markers was observed. Many inflammatory genes that were up-regulated in PPARalpha(-/-) livers by HFD were down-regulated by treatment with the PPARalpha ligand Wy-14643 under normal nonsteatotic conditions, either in vivo or in vitro, suggesting an antiinflammatory effect of PPARalpha that is independent of reduction in liver triglycerides. In conclusion, our results suggest that PPARalpha protects against obesity-induced chronic inflammation in liver by reducing hepatic steatosis, by direct down-regulation of inflammatory genes, and by attenuating inflammation in adipose tissue.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces and Capacity Optimization: A Large System Analysis (2022)

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs), comprising large numbers of low-cost and almost passive metamaterials with tunable reflection properties, have been recently proposed as an enabling technology for programmable wireless propagation environments. In this paper, we present asymptotic closed-form expressions for the mean and variance of the mutual information metric for a multi-antenna transmitter-receiver pair in the presence of multiple RISs, using methods from statistical physics. While nominally valid in the large system limit, we show that the derived Gaussian approximation for the mutual information can be quite accurate, even for modest-sized antenna arrays and metasurfaces. The above results are particularly useful when fast-fading conditions are present, which renders instantaneous channel estimation extremely challenging. We find that, when the channel close to an RIS is correlated, for instance due to small angle spread, which is reasonable for wireless systems with increasing carrier frequencies, the communication link benefits significantly from statistical RIS phase optimization, resulting in gains that are surprisingly higher than the nearly uncorrelated case. Using our novel asymptotic properties of the correlation matrices of the impinging and outgoing signals at the RISs, we can optimize the metasurfaces without brute-force numerical optimization. Furthermore, when the desired reflection from any of the RISs departs significantly from geometrical optics, the metasurfaces can be optimized to provide robust communication links, without significant need for their optimal placement.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Fully Functionalized 7‐Methoxyaziridinomitosene. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pd/δ-Al2O3 Catalysts for Isoprene Selective Hydrogenation:  Regeneration of Water-Poisoned Catalysts (1997)

Water-containing isoprene was partial hydrogenated over δ-alumina-supported eggshell Pd catalysts with a weight-hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 18 h-1 (grams of feed per hour × grams of catalyst) at 40 °C and 30 atm (30.39 kg/cm2) total pressure. The isoprene conversion decreased with time on stream and became almost time invariant at about 50 h, with a value of 20%. The activity of the water-poisoned catalysts was only slightly recovered after the water-free isoprene was introduced; by this, the conversion was increased only to 24%. In contrast, by hydrogen treatment prior to the introduction of water-free feed, the water-poisoned catalyst was greatly reactivated. The improvement in activity was also influenced by temperature. The number of Pd sites available for CO chemisorption was increased and, thus, the catalyst activity was improved by a raise in temperature to 200 °C, then declined. At nearly steady state, the isoprene conversion by catalysts reactivated at 200 °C is about 93% of that by catalysts without water-poisoning. The loss of the catalyst activity was thought to be caused by the Pd agglomeration during hydrogen reactivation. EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) spectroscopy results indicated that the average Pd−Pd coordination number increased from 6.4 to 8.3 after reactivation of the catalyst with hydrogen at 400 °C.
Towards an antigenic map of human thyroglobulin: identification of ten epitope-bearing sequences within the primary structure of thyroglobulin (1989)

The aim of this study was to define, at the molecular level, epitopes of thyroglobulin recognized by heterologous antibodies and autoantisera. One hundred thousand clones from a lambda gt 11 human thyroid cDNA library were screened using a rabbit antibody to human thyroglobulin at a 1:2000 dilution. Twenty clones were plaque-purified to homogeneity, and characterization and sequencing of their cDNA inserts showed that they represented four distinct regions of the thyroglobulin molecule, one of them being the 22 carboxyl-terminal amino acids. Rescreening of the library with the same rabbit antibody to human thyroglobulin absorbed with peptides encoded by the carboxyl-terminal clone, led to the definition of six further epitope-bearing fragments of thyroglobulin. The ten regions that we have identified were recognized by ten further rabbit antibodies to human thyroglobulin, showing that they are representative of the repertoire of heterologous epitopes. In contrast, none of the ten heteroepitope-bearing fragments was recognized by sera from ten patients with autoimmune thyroid disease with various titres of thyroglobulin antibodies. Screening of 2 x 10(6) clones from the library using a pool of ten autoantisera (individual sera diluted to 1:1000), and of 1 x 10(6) clones using a single autoantiserum of very high antithyroglobulin titre (diluted 1:400) resulted in no thyroglobulin clones being isolated. The significance of these results to the immune process is discussed.
Webapp Development: A Case Study in Lessons and Challenges (2017)

Select results of a retrospective analysis of a three-year webapp development project targeted at agricultural com-modities marketing are presented. Characteristics of the user base (farmers and grain buyers) and harsh operating environ-ments had significant effects upon usability and design. We summarize, in context, the lessons learned and challenges identi-fied including those related to small form factors, text manage-ment, testing, and development.
Efficiency assessment of wood and cellulose-based optical elements for terahertz waves (2022)

Polarized THz time domain spectroscopy was used to study the anisotropic properties of wood-based materials for potential optical elements in the THz range, such as half-wave and quarter-wave plates. Wood samples of different species and sample thickness were studied experimentally showing high birefringence but rather high absorption. We elaborate on two approaches to optimize the optical properties for use as wave plates and assess them based on a figure of merit describing their efficiency as a function of birefringence and absorption. The first approach is to dry the wood samples, which significantly improves the efficiency of wave plates. The second approach is the use of artificially produced cellulose samples using 3D printing and freeze drying techniques, which also show birefringence caused by their similar macroscopic cellulose fibre structure. These materials have the potential as cost effective THz elements that are easy to tailor and produce for use at specific frequencies.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Mixed ortho Esters. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A new flexible parameterization for the estimation of 3D shape structure from scattered field data (2004)

A wide range of applied imaging problems are concerned with the determination of the three dimensional structure of anomalous areas in a larger field of regard. In the context of medical imaging, there is great interest in the characterization of cancerous tumors using non-ionizing modalities such as diffuse optical tomography or quantitative ultrasonic imaging. In this work, we introduce a new, flexible approach to the modeling and estimation of 3D shapes. A complex three dimensional volume is defined by a set of 2D shape "primitives" representing the cross section of the object in essentially arbitrary planes. Each primitive is itself a 2D shape (specifically an ellipse for this paper) the structure of which is easily defined by a low dimensional vector of parameters (center location, axis lengths, and orientation angles). Given a set of primitives, we devise an interpolation scheme that correlates the structure of the individual primitives from one to the next. A nonlinear estimation algorithm is described for determining the parameters of our elliptic primitives i.e., the location of the centers in 3D, the lengths of their axes, and their orientation in space. Simulated results show the effectiveness of this method.
First demonstration of all-optical digital network coding in radio over fiber networks (2015)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the first all optical digital network coding between OOK-NRZ Subcarrier Modulated (SCM) signals for Radio over Fiber (RoF) networks using a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier-Mach Zehnder Interferometer (SOA-MZI) as an XOR encoder. Successful encoding and decoding is demonstrated for 1 Gb/s data on a 10 GHz sub-carrier for synchronous and asynchronous NRZ data.
Clever molding techniques cut tooling time from eight weeks to 10 days (1997)

Gay, lesbian, and bisexual Asian/Pacific Islander adolescents in Guam deserve intervention and counseling programs to reduce suicide risk.
Composing a framework to automate testing of operational web-based software (2004)

Low reliability in Web-based applications can result in detrimental effects for business, government, and consumers as they become increasingly dependent on the Internet for routine operations. A short time to market, large user community, demand for continuous availability, and frequent updates motivate automated, cost-effective testing strategies. To investigate the practical tradeoffs of different automated strategies for key components of the Web-based software testing process, we have designed a framework for Web-based software testing that focuses on scalability and evolving the test suite automatically as the application's operational profile changes. We have developed an initial prototype that not only demonstrates how existing tools can be used together but provides insight into the cost effectiveness of the overall approach. This paper describes the testing framework, discusses the issues in building and reusing tools in an integrated manner, and presents a case study that exemplifies the usability, costs, and scalability of the approach.
A comparative study of a teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm on multi-objective unconstrained and constrained functions (2014)

Multi-objective optimization is the process of simultaneously optimizing two or more conflicting objectives subject to certain constraints. Real-life engineering designs often contain more than one conflicting objective function, which requires a multi-objective approach. In a single-objective optimization problem, the optimal solution is clearly defined, while a set of trade-offs that gives rise to numerous solutions exists in multi-objective optimization problems. Each solution represents a particular performance trade-off between the objectives and can be considered optimal. In this paper, the performance of a recently developed teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm is evaluated against the other optimization algorithms over a set of multi-objective unconstrained and constrained test functions and the results are compared. The TLBO algorithm was observed to outperform the other optimization algorithms for the multi-objective unconstrained and constrained benchmark problems.
Design of an Endoscopic Biopsy Needle With Flexural Members (2006)

As a minimally invasive means of extracting a tissue sample from a patient, current endoscopic biopsy needles generally do not preserve tissue histology and often require multiple attempts to obtain a tissue sample. This paper presents an endoscopic biopsy needle with internal flexures that enables tissue to enter the hollow needle and then be severed from the surrounding tissue when the needle is withdrawn. Using force-deflection and sample weight data from 10× scaled prototypes, variations of a flexural design captured 1.1grams of a tissue phantom on average, as compared to wedge-type designs that averaged 0.7-0.8grams. Sample mass exhibited an increase in mass as the feature angle decreased. Peak entrance forces (P2) for the flexure design were lower than for both wedge and extended wedge designs, and resistance forces (S2) were higher upon needle extraction. A low-angle (15 and 30deg) feature also produced a lower entrance friction (S1) and higher exit resistance (S2) compared with 45 and 60deg features. These results suggest that a biopsy needle with 15deg flexures could increase sample length and mass as well as sampling success rates for core biopsy procedures. Future tests of the flexural biopsy needle design will use this information to determine dimensions for laser cut features of 1× scale needles.