gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyelectrolyte multilayer-treated electrodes for real-time electronic sensing of cell proliferation (2010)

We report on the use of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coatings as a non-biological surface preparation to facilitate uniform cell attachment and growth on patterned thin-film gold (Au) electrodes on glass for impedance-based measurements. Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are commonly utilized as cell adhesion promoters for electrodes; however, they exhibit degradation over time, thereby imposing limitations on the duration of conductance-based biosensor experiments. The motivation for the use of PEM coatings arises from their long-term surface stability as promoters for cell attachment, patterning, and culture. In this work, a cell proliferation monitoring device was fabricated. It consisted of thin-film Au electrodes deposited with a titanium-tungsten (TiW) adhesion layer that were patterned on a glass substrate and passivated to create active electrode areas. The electrode surfaces were then treated with a poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) anchoring layer and subsequent bilayers of sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). NIH-3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells were cultured on the device, observed by optical microscopy, and showed uniform growth characteristics similar to those observed on a traditional polystyrene cell culture dish. The optical observations were correlated to electrical measurements on the PEM-treated electrodes, which exhibited a rise in impedance with cell proliferation and stabilized to an approximate 15 % increase as the culture approached confluency. In conclusion, cells proliferate uniformly over gold and glass PEM-treated surfaces, making them useful for continuous impedance-based, real-time monitoring of cell proliferation and for the determination of cell growth rate in cellular assays.
Mathematical Modelling of Competitive Labelled-Ligand Assay Systems. Theoretical Re-Evaluation of Optimum Assay Conditions and Precision Data for Some Experimentally Established Radioimmunoassay Systems (1991)

A mathematical theory of competitive labelled-ligand assays was developed with the intention of theoretically re-evaluating the optimal assay conditions and precision data of assay systems established by experiment. Our theory is based upon the assumptions of a simple bimolecular reaction mechanism, homogeneous reactants, as well as kinetically indistinguishable labelled and non-labelled ligands. The general case of two-step (non-equilibrium) assay was considered including the one-step (equilibrium) assay as a special case. The solution of the system of corresponding kinetic differential equations was used to mathematically construct standard curves. Furthermore, intraassay precision profiles and indices as well as detection limits were calculated considering solely the pipetting error, epsilon, as a source of experimental error. A procedure was outlined to mathematically determine the optimal incubation conditions for any assay system targeted to a given analyte concentration, P, at which the standard deviation of assay results is to be minimized. Estimates of both the content of binding sites and the equilibrium constant, K, of the specific binding agent are necessary, and these can be derived from Scatchard plots. For six RIA systems, of which three were one-step and three were two-step assays, experimental assay conditions and precision data were compared with theoretical predictions. Experimentally determined antibody binding site concentrations agreed fairly well with those independently evaluated by mathematical optimization. Mean precision indices, defined as constituting an average over the complete precision profile, were found to be within the theoretically predicted range, i.e. two- to threefold the pipetting error.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Numerical Solution for the Nonlinear Deflection of Membranes (1954)

Abstract A numerical method of solution for the nonlinear deflection of thin flat membranes subjected to normal forces as well as forces in the plane of the membrane has been given by Hencky. The equations he solved were first derived by Föppl, and they also follow directly from the von Kármán nonlinear plate equations on formally making the plate stiffness zero. Föppl’s equations are two in number, one being of fourth order and the other second. The unknown quantities are a stress function and the normal displacement. Hencky’s method of solution does not seem capable of easy generalization. The same class of membrane problems is reconsidered here. By casting the problem entirely in terms of displacement components three simultaneous nonlinear second-order partial differential equations are obtained, and a technique is here devised by means of which these equations can be solved without difficulty using finite-difference approximations in conjunction with a relaxation-iteration procedure. Various simple preliminary examples are discussed, after which an example involving a rectangular region is considered in complete detail. The technique devised can be used for a region of any shape, including the case where the boundary is curved, and also for any arbitrary given load system.
Diagnostic implications of tear protein profiles. (1984)

Concentrations of lysozyme, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, IgA, and IgG have been measured in tears by the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique. Tears were collected on weighed filter paper discs, after which they were eluted into buffer and transported frozen to a remote laboratory for assay. Patients with sicca, questionably dry eyes and ocular pemphigoid were sampled, as were 54 normal volunteers. Tear protein profiles were established which were unique for each condition and clearly differed from the normal controls. The assay developed is considered suitable for other proteins such as IgE, and could also be used for monitoring the effects of drugs on the lacrimal gland.
Nonlinear optical response of Ge nanocrystals in a silica matrix (1999)

Time-resolved degenerate-four-wave-mixing measurements were used to study the nonlinear optical response (intensity-dependent refractive index) of Ge nanocrystallites embedded in a silica matrix. Nanocrystals were fabricated by ion-implanting silica with 1.0 MeV Ge ions to fluences in the range from 0.6 to 3×1017 Ge cm−2, followed by annealing at 1100 °C for 60 min. For the highest fluence, this resulted in nanocrystals with a log-normal size distribution, having a geometric mean diameter of 3.0 nm and a dimensionless geometric standard deviation of 0.25. The intensity-dependent refractive index |n2| was measured at a wavelength of 800 nm and found to increase linearly with increasing Ge fluence. For the highest fluence, |n2| was determined to be in the range 2.7–6.9×10−13 cm−2 W−1, depending on the duration of the excitation pulse; values were consistently smaller for shorter pulse lengths. Relaxation of the nonlinear response was found to have two characteristic time constants, one &amp;lt;100 fs and the other ∼1 ps.
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis, lactic acidosis and prolonged hypoglycemia in a hemodialysed patient--a logical but unfortunately fatal combination. (1996)

A hemodialysed patient with abdominal pain, severe lactic acidosis and prolonged hypoglycemia is described. The diagnosis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis was delayed and the patient died from both systemic and peripancreatic complications of the acute pancreatitis. The article deals with the problem of diagnosing acute pancreatitis in an end-stage renal failure (ESRF) patient; on the possible surgical options open to the physician in the management of acute pancreatitis and on a pathophysiological explanation behind both the lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia in this patient.
The art of acting (2000)

(Applause Books). Stella Adler was one of the 20th Century's greatest figures. She is arguably the most important teacher of acting in American history. Over her long career, both in New York and Hollywood, she offered her vast acting knowledge to generations of actors, including Marlon Brando, Warren Beatty, and Robert De Niro. The great voice finally ended in the early Nineties, but her decades of experience and teaching have been brilliantly caught and encapsulated by Howard Kissel in the twenty-two lessons in this book.
Cellular V2X Communications in the Presence of Big Vehicle Shadowing: Performance Analysis and Mitigation (2022)

In Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), vehicular networks are enabling technologies for onboard data services such as traffic safety, user infotainment, etc. Vehicular networks face many challenges when it comes to providing satisfactory quality of service, mainly because of issues that arise from unreliable communication in unfavorable propagation conditions. One prime example is Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication in the presence of big vehicles that present obstacles in the communication path of smaller vehicles, where the signal strength decays drastically due to the big vehicle shadowing. As a result, the communication range is shortened, and the safety message dissemination capability is reduced. In this paper, we analyze the impact of big vehicle shadowing on V2V communications, taking into account Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) networks. A geometric as well as a stochastic approach is employed to analyze the length of shadow regions for conventional cars and big vehicles on the road in different scenarios. This paper analyses the effect of large vehicles shadowing on a V2V communication link as a function of the shadow region length. A beamforming-based signal reception technique is proposed in order to mitigate packet collisions caused by hidden nodes. Considering relaying operation by big vehicles, three relaying schemes are proposed to improve the V2V message dissemination performance. Extensive simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Characterization of a maternal type VI collagen in Xenopus embryos suggests a role for collagen in gastrulation. (1990)

We characterized a novel extracellular matrix element that is present in the earliest developmental stages of Xenopus laevis, and is recognized by an mAb 3D7. Based on amino acid composition, breakdown patterns by bacterial collagenases, and the molecular weights of the components of the antigen (240, 200, and 140 kD), we found it very similar to mammalian collagen type VI. The antigen is evenly distributed in unfertilized eggs. Shortly after fertilization, it becomes localized intracellularly in the periphery of the cleaving embryo as well as in the extracellular spaces. During gastrulation, the antigen was localized in the cells lining the blastopore and in the extracellular space between the two cell layers, in the presumptive archenteron. When Fab elements of the 3D7 antibody were added to the culture medium, gastrulation was blocked, suggesting a role for the antigen in gastrulation movements.
A multiband multimode transmitter without driver amplifier (2012)

Fourth-generation mobile devices use wide channel bandwidths and OFDM modulation to achieve high data rates. In particular, OFDM modulation in LTE20 creates up to 100 Resource Blocks (RB) each containing 12 subcarriers with 15kHz spacing, spread over the channel bandwidth. For an RB with frequency offset f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> from the LO, transmitter non-linearity causes counter-intermodulation (CIM) products at -3f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> , +5f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> , -7f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> , ... from the LO. These spurious signals directly, or through remixing due to PA non-linearity, may fall on other bands. The worst case is when one or just a few RBs are transmitted at the edge of the channel. The CIM effect, specific to 4G signals, makes the design of multimode transmitters more challenging since such transmitters also need to meet the substantially different 2G and 3G requirements. Previous works on LTE have mainly focused on the stringent RX-band noise and ACLR requirements for SAW-less transmitter design without discussing the CIM performance [1]. CIM terms are first generated by mixers. A drive amplifier (DA) placed after the mixers will cause these terms to be regenerated due to high-level harmonic sidebands. DA noise contribution can also be significant, especially at low output power. If current-mode mixers are employed, the use of a differential DA may be prohibitive due to large power consumption [2]. A transmitter without DA avoids these problems while it helps reduce die area and power consumption. This paper describes a multi-mode multiband DA-less transmitter which meets the counter-intermodulation and RX-band noise requirements for SAW-less operation for 2G, 3G and 4G standards while avoiding excessive power consumption, as reported in [3,4].
A study of polymorph dynamics in mixed‐phase BiFeO3 thin films via AFM and in‐situ TEM applications of external stimuli (2016)

Epitaxially strained BiFeO 3 (BFO) thin films have seen an upsurge of interest over the past decade with the revelation of fascinating characteristics such as giant ferroelectric polarisation, exceptional piezoelectric and magnetoelectric responses to name a few. [1] The growth of BFO on substrates providing a large in‐plane compressive strain which facilitates structural alterations of the material to that of a tetragonal‐like phase (T‐phase) and distorted rhombohedral‐like phase (R‐phase) has opened the door to a plethora of opportunities in terms of controlling nanoscale interfaces and expanding our understanding of solid state physics. In a recent review by Nagarajan et al. (2016), [2] it was advised that there are still a number of exciting possibilities as well as pending questions which need to be addressed before the functionality of mixed‐phase BFO thin films can be driven to the next level. Using both aberration‐corrected TEM and STEM we have performed a high resolution study of the lattice parameters which characterise the ‘R’ and ‘T’ phase (Figure 1) and mapped the strain evolution (via geometrical phase analysis (GPA)) between polymorphs using the LaAlO 3 substrate as reference. Having identified the metastable ‘T’ polymorph and the extent to which the thin film (and FIB‐prepared lamella) thickness can influence the ratio of ‘R’ to ‘T’ polymorphs, we demonstrate the thermal energy required to expand the dimensions of the highly strained ‘T’ polymorph through in‐situ heat cycling experiments (Figure 2), and explain the complexity involved in such a transition. The relative ease through which transitions from one phase to another can be achieved varies depending on the application of stimuli selected. In this study we use a variation of techniques to explore the physical phenomena behind the functionality of mixed‐phase BFO. We highlight the benefits of reversibly reorganising phases via the application of external stimuli with an AFM probe tip. Through precise SEM and FIB techniques we have identified the pre‐written AFM areas and milled cross‐sectional lamellae across these areas for post‐AFM analysis using STEM. With this unique study we detect and compare structural differences between the as‐grown polymorphs in a native lamella and polymorphs written through external stimuli via an AFM tip. We show differences in lattice parameters and strain evolution in the newly written polymorphs via nano‐beam electron diffraction using a 2nm sized electron probe; this precision has allowed us to explicitly map the strain across a large area of these polymorphs. With the addition of EELS focusing on the Fe‐ L 2,3 and O‐ K edges we show changes in ELNES features which suggest octahedral distortion variations between polymorphs. By combining AFM and state‐of‐the‐art STEM techniques in this distinctive way we provide an insight into the link between exciting interfacial behaviour seen via AFM at the polymorph boundaries on the microscopic scale, and structural polymorph changes seen via STEM on the atomic scale.
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study on Microstructure and Interfacial Property of Thin Film Electrolyte SOFC (2010)

The microstructure and interfacial property of a thin film electrolyte solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The NiO–yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanocomposite layer, the electrolyte, and the cathode layers were fabricated by using pulsed laser deposition and exhibited various microstructures such as a dense microstructure with equiaxed grains, a dense microstructure with columnar grains, and a nanoporous and granular microstructure, depending on their material, deposition condition, and deposition surface. In addition, the TEM analysis revealed that the reaction buffer to suppress the chemical reaction of lanthanum strontium cobaltite and YSZ is required even for the low temperature fabrication and operation .
Tuning of an Er-Yb:glass mini-laser using external feedback from fiber Bragg grating (2003)

Summary form only given. We show the possibility to lock the emission of an Er:Yb glass laser to a FBG and continuously tune it over 20 nm with narrow linewidth. It was possible to choose the wavelength at will and single mode operation (internal cavity) was always obtained. The maximum compression of the grating was limited by the alignment of the ferrules. It was possible to detect when the fiber was bent and alignment was lost from a large increase in optical loss. This was used as a warning signal so that fiber failure could be avoided. The system proved reliable and can be scaled to higher power (>1 W) tunable outputs.
The Detection of Pyrogens in Blood Products Using anEx VivoWhole Blood Culture Assay (1998)

Induction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion by whole blood cultures (WBC) was used as an in vitro assay system for pyrogen-induced inflammatory reactions. The assay system was very sensitive to Eschericia coli (E coli) endotoxin (< 10 pg/ml). The potential pyrogenic effects of human serum albumin (HSA), Fibronectin (Fn) and stabilised human serum (SHS) solutions were analyzed using this system. None of the products assayed had an effect on the sensitivity of the WBC assay. Spike recovery studies with isolated endotoxin, gram positive and gram negative bacteria showed that none of the products had an effect on the spike recovery of these pyrogenic substances. Good correlations were found between the WBC assay and the rabbit assay for pyrogens for all the production batches tested. When these samples were analysed by the limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, the LAL test gave anomalous results for 1 out of the 22 production batches tested. This batch gave a false negative result on the LAL assay and might be indicative of the inability of the LAL assay to detect pyrogens other than endotoxin.
Democracy Does Matter: Comprehensive Feature Mining for Co-Salient Object Detection (2022)

Co-salient object detection, with the target of detecting co-existed salient objects among a group of images, is gaining popularity. Recent works use the attention mechanism or extra information to aggregate common co-salient features, leading to incomplete even incorrect responses for target objects. In this paper, we aim to mine comprehensive co-salient features with democracy and reduce background interference without introducing any extra information. To achieve this, we design a democratic prototype generation module to generate democratic response maps, covering sufficient co-salient regions and thereby involving more shared attributes of co-salient objects. Then a comprehensive prototype based on the response maps can be generated as a guide for final prediction. To suppress the noisy background information in the prototype, we propose a self-contrastive learning module, where both positive and negative pairs are formed without relying on additional classification information. Besides, we also design a democratic feature enhancement module to further strengthen the co-salient features by readjusting attention values. Extensive experiments show that our model obtains better performance than previous state-of-the-art methods, especially on challenging real-world cases (e.g., for CoCA, we obtain a gain of 2.0% for MAE, 5.4% for maximum F-measure, 2.3% for maximum E-measure, and 3.7% for S-measure) under the same settings. Source code is available at https://github.com/siyueyu/DCFM.
Biologically Active Xenicane Diterpenoids from the Gorgonian Acalycigorgia Sp. (1994)

Fwe new biologically active diterpenoids, acalyclgorgins A-E, have been isolated from the gorgonlan Acalycigorgia sp.The structures and relatwe stereochemistry of acalycigorgins were determined by extensive 2D-nmr stud~es.The gorgoman corals have been shown to possess a w ~d e vanety of secondary metabolites, including terpenoids, steroids, and lip~ds.Many of these metabolites exhibit interestmg biological activ~t~es, e. g. ichthyotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and msect~cidal and antifouling activities.In the course of our investlgauon on biologically active constituents of marine invertebrates, the methanol exmct of a gorgonlan Acalycigorgia sp.collected rn Sukumo
Effects of a new trench-isolated transistor using sidewall gates (1989)

In this structure, the sidewall of the trench is used as an extra channel region. The sidewall gate electrode, which covers the sharp convex corner of the trench, increases the electric field at the channel edge. The advantages of this transistor are excellent cutoff characteristics, a small substrate bias effect, and high reliability (compared with the LOCOS-isolated transistor). The sidewall gate along the channel edge plays an important role in increasing gate controllability and decreasing the electric field at the drain.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Intestinal location- and age-specific variation of intraepithelial T lymphocytes and mucosal microbiota in pigs (2022)

Intraepithelial T lymphocytes (T-IELs) are T cells located within the epithelium that provide a critical line of immune defense in the intestinal tract. In pigs, T-IEL abundances and phenotypes are used to infer putative T-IEL functions and vary by intestinal location and age, though investigations regarding porcine T-IELs are relatively limited. In this study, we expand on analyses of porcine intestinal T-IELs to include additional phenotypic designations not previously recognized in pigs. We describe non-conventional CD8α<sup>+</sup>CD8β<sup>-</sup> αβ T-IELs that were most prevalent in the distal intestinal tract and primarily CD16<sup>+</sup>CD27<sup>-</sup>, a phenotype suggestive of innate-like activation and an activated cell state. Additional T-IEL populations included CD8α<sup>+</sup>CD8β<sup>+</sup> αβ, CD2<sup>+</sup>CD8α<sup>+</sup> γδ, and CD2<sup>+</sup>CD8α<sup>-</sup> γδ T-IELs, with increasing proportions of CD16<sup>+</sup>CD27<sup>-</sup> phenotype in the distal intestine. Thus, putative non-conventional, activated T-IELs were most abundant in the distal intestine within multiple γδ and αβ T-IEL populations. A comparison of T-IEL and respective mucosal microbial community structures across jejunum, ileum, and cecum of 5- and 7-week-old pigs revealed largest community differences were tissue-dependent for both T-IELs and the microbiota. Between 5 and 7 weeks of age, the largest shifts in microbial community compositions occurred in the large intestine, while the largest shifts in T-IEL communities were in the small intestine. Therefore, results indicate different rates of community maturation and stabilization for porcine T-IELs and the mucosal microbiota for proximal versus distal intestinal locations between 5 and 7 weeks of age. Collectively, data emphasize the intestinal tract as a site of location- and age-specific T-IEL and microbial communities that have important implications for understanding intestinal health in pigs.