gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electroluminescence of $Si_{x}Ge_{1-x-y}Sn_{y}/Ge_{1-y}Sn_{y}$ pin-Diodes Grown on a GeSn Buffer (2022)

We present the growth, fabrication, and characterization of a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{Ge}_{1-y}Sn_{\mathrm{y}}$</tex> pin-diode and a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{Si}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{Ge}_{1-\mathrm{x}-\mathrm{y}}\text{Sn}_{\mathrm{y}}/ \text{Ge}_{1-\mathrm{y}}\text{Sn}_{\mathrm{y}}$</tex> pin-diode. The pin-diodes are grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a partially relaxed <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{Ge}_{1-\mathrm{y}}\text{Sn}_{\mathrm{y}}$</tex> buffer grown by reduce-pressure chemical vapor deposition. The analysis of the crystal shows that the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{Ge}_{1-\mathrm{y}}\text{Sn}_{\mathrm{y}}$</tex> pin-diode is lattice-matched grown and the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{Si}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{Ge}_{1-\mathrm{x}-\mathrm{y}}\text{Sn}_{\mathrm{y}}/\text{Ge}_{1-\mathrm{y}}\text{Sn}_{\mathrm{y}}$</tex> pin-diode is pseudomorphic grown with respect to the buffer. Temperature-dependent direct current measurements reveal a threshold voltage shift from 0.3 V to 0.55 V and a series resistance that shows metallic behavior. Furthermore, by comparing the electroluminescence spectra at 13.4 K and 293 K we observe a 10 times higher signal for the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{Ge}_{1-\mathrm{y}}\text{Sn}_{\mathrm{y}}$</tex> pin-diode and a 3 times higher signal for the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{Si}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{Ge}_{1-\mathrm{x}-\mathrm{y}}\text{Sn}_{\mathrm{y}}/\text{Ge}_{1-\mathrm{y}}\text{Sn}_{\mathrm{y}}$</tex> pin-diode at cryogenic temperatures. The peak energies at an injection current density of 2.5 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> are 575 meV and 610 meV, respectively.
Albumin and heparin multilayer coatings for blood-contacting medical devices (2000)

Three types of covalently crosslinked assemblies consisting of multiple (1) molecular layers of human serum albumin (HSA); (2) alternating layers of HSA and unfractionated heparin; and (3) alternating layers of HSA and partly depolymerized heparin fixed with one end to HSA were prepared on various surfaces. Adsorption of fibrinogen, IgG, and antithrombin (ATIII) from human citrated plasma on coated surfaces was evaluated by ELISA. Fibrinogen adsorption on coated ELISA plates was lower than that on bare polystyrene. There was no IgG adsorption on the HSA coating alone, but considerably high IgG adsorption was detected on the heparin-containing surface. The adsorption of ATIII increased with increasing heparin on the surface. The effect of multilayer coatings on platelets was tested by incubation of modified vascular prostheses with citrated blood. The most favorable interaction with platelets was observed on the HSA assembly. The interaction of platelets with the surface bearing unfractionated heparin was higher than that of the surface covered with partly depolymerized heparin. The long-term durability of the HSA-heparin coating was proven by a 21-day implantation of coated polyurethane plates in goat heart.
A Morphologic Approach to Detect Apoptosis Based on Electron Microscopy (2004)

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, refers to both the initiation and execution of the events whereby a cell commits suicide. This process is important in development and its deregulation is found in many diseases (, , , , , ), including cancer (, , , , ). Apoptosis is distinct from other ways in which cells may lose viability (e.g., necrosis, senescence). Apoptosis is an active process triggered by a variety of stimuli, which induces closely comparable structural changes (Fig. 1). These morphological changes are especially evident in the nucleus where the chromatin condenses to compact and apparently simple, globular, crescent-shaped figures (). Other typical features include cytoplasmic shrinkage, zeiosis, and the formation of apoptotic bodies within the nucleus. The earliest definitive changes in apoptosis that have been detected by electron microscopy are compaction of the nuclear chromatin into sharply circumscribed, uniformly-dense masses that abut on the nuclear envelope and condensation of the cytoplasm. Continuation of condensation is accompanied by convolution of the nuclear and cellular outlines, and nucleus often break up at this stage to produce discrete fragments. The surface protuberances then separate with sealing of the plasma membrane, converting the cell into a number of membrane-bounded apoptotic bodies of varying size in which the closely packed organelles appear intact; some of these bodies lack a nuclear component, whereas others contain one or more nuclear fragments in which compacted chromatin is distributed either in peripheral crescents or throughout cross-sectional area. Open image in new window Fig. 1. (A) Normal-growing T-lymphoblastoid (CCRF-CEM) cells. (B) T-lymphoblastoid (CCRF-CEM) apoptotic cells at different phases of apoptotic response. Chromatin margination organized into cap-shaped (CS) electron-dense structure underlying the nuclear envelope, micronuclei (MN), and cell presenting cytoplasm membrane disintegration (CD). Kindly provided by Dr. Nicoletta Zini and Dr. Caterina Cinti, ITOI CNR, Bologna, Italy.
Isolation of Ashbya gossypii mutant for an improved riboflavin production targeting for biorefinery technology (2007)

Our results indicate that the mutant ZP4 strain shows potential for producing riboflavin from vegetable oil, and therefore will be contributed to biorefinery technology.
Intelligent motor provides enhanced diagnostics and control for next generation manufacturing systems (2000)

The trend toward lower cost processors and sensors coupled with powerful signal processing, virtual sensors and intelligent sensors will enable intelligent devices to be readily available, adaptable and easily deployed. Strong business drivers requiring unprecedented levels of machinery reliability and uptime will drive the broad-scale deployment of this technology. Intelligent devices such as sensor-actuators promise to impact significantly next generation manufacturing systems of the 21st century.
Angle-Resolved Electron Spectroscopy of Laser-Assisted Auger Decay Induced by a Few-Femtosecond X-Ray Pulse (2012)

Two-color (x-ray+infrared) electron spectroscopy is used for investigating laser-assisted KLL Auger decay following 1s photoionization of atomic Ne with few-femtosecond x-ray pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source. In an angle-resolved experiment, the overall width of the laser-modified Auger-electron spectrum and its structure change significantly as a function of the emission angle. The spectra are characterized by a strong intensity variation of the sidebands revealing a gross structure. This variation is caused, as predicted by theory, by the interference of electrons emitted at different times within the duration of one optical cycle of the infrared dressing laser, which almost coincides with the lifetime of the Ne 1s vacancy.
Control of lateral epitaxial chemical vapor deposition of silicon over insulators (1984)

Single-crystal silicon films have been grown over SiO2-covered regions of a single-crystal silicon wafer by lateral epitaxial chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Nucleation of polycrystalline silicon on the SiO2 is suppressed by adding HCl to the SiH4 deposition gas. Sequential variation of the HCl partial pressure during different stages of the deposition process controls the relative deposition rates of the [100] and [110] planes and, consequently, the shape of the laterally advancing growth fronts, allowing the fronts from opposite sides of the SiO2 region to join uniformly. A plane surface is obtained by increasing the HCl partial pressure after coalescence. A standard silicon CVD epitaxial reactor is used for the deposition.
Strategies for assessment of global disease burden (2018)

Abstract This brief introduction to Section 7 provides a rationale for assessment of global burden of disease, as well as a summary of methods used for this purpose. Each of the chapters that follow will provide in-depth information regarding individual cardiovascular disease conditions.
Probabilistic databases (2009)

Treasures abound from hidden facts found in imprecise data sets.
Binarization Of Text Region Based On Fuzzy Clustering And Histogram Distribution In Signboards (2008)

In this paper, we present a novel approach to accurately detect text regions including shop name in signboard images with complex background for mobile system applications. The proposed method is based on the combination of text detection using edge profile and region segmentation using fuzzy c-means method. In the first step, we perform an elaborate canny edge operator to extract all possible object edges. Then, edge profile analysis with vertical and horizontal direction is performed on these edge pixels to detect potential text region existing shop name in a signboard. The edge profile and geometrical characteristics of each object contour are carefully examined to construct candidate text regions and classify the main text region from background. Finally, the fuzzy c-means algorithm is performed to segment and detected binarize text region. Experimental results show that our proposed method is robust in text detection with respect to different character size and color and can provide reliable text binarization result.
Cysteine‐reactive covalent capture tags for enrichment of cysteine‐containing peptides (2009)

Considering the tremendous complexity and the wide dynamic range of protein samples from biological origin and their proteolytic peptide mixtures, proteomics largely requires simplification strategies. One common approach to reduce sample complexity is to target a particular amino acid in proteins or peptides, such as cysteine (Cys), with chemical tags in order to reduce the analysis to a subset of the whole proteome. The present work describes the synthesis and the use of two new cysteinyl tags, so-called cysteine-reactive covalent capture tags (C3T), for the isolation of Cys-containing peptides. These bifunctional molecules were specifically designed to react with cysteines through iodoacetyl and acryloyl moieties and permit efficient selection of the tagged peptides. To do so, a thioproline was chosen as the isolating group to form, after a deprotection/activation step, a thiazolidine with an aldehyde resin by the covalent capture (CC) method. The applicability of the enrichment strategy was demonstrated on small synthetic peptides as well as on peptides derived from digested proteins. Mass spectrometric (MS) analysis and tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) sequencing confirmed the efficient and straightforward selection of the cysteine-containing peptides. The combination of C3T and CC methods provides an effective alternative to reduce sample complexity and access low abundance proteins.
A Drift-Diffusion Study on Charge Unbalancing Effects in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2015)

This work describes a modeling investigation of a working Dye-sensitized Solar Cells, including the contribution of ionic drift in the mass transport process of I−3/I− redox couple. We found that the effective built-in electric field profile inside the cell is influenced by the density and distribution of the electronic traps located below the conduction band edge of the TiO2. Although the value of electric field remains low compared to conventional p-n junction solar cells, our results support that the high concentration of ionic species composing the electrolyte prompts a drift current of ionic species, comparable to the related ionic diffusion current, when the device is exposed to light illumination under short-circuit conditions. The simulations carried out for different electrolyte compositions tend to demonstrate that ionic drift is a process which can never been suppressed and therefore should be considered in the description of the mass transport. These results participate in the better understanding of the working principle of the complex and multifaceted chemistry of dye-sensitized solar cells.
Reactors and Accelerators (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Nuclear Reactors Neutron Sources Neutron Generators Accelerators Charged Particle Beam Transport and Analysis Radioactive Ion Beams Nuclear Weapons Problems References Bibliography
Evidence That γδ versus αβ T Cell Fate Determination Is Initiated Independently of T Cell Receptor Signaling (2001)

Two types of T cells, alphabeta and gammadelta, develop in vertebrates. How these two T cell lineages arise from a common thymic T progenitor is poorly understood. Differentiation of alphabeta lineage T cells requires the surrogate alpha chain (pTalpha), which associates with the T cell receptor (TCR) beta chain to form the pre-TCR. gammadelta lineage development does not appear to involve an obligatory surrogate chain, but instead requires productive rearrangement and expression of both TCR gamma and delta genes. It has been proposed that the quality of signals transmitted by the pre-TCR and gammadelta TCR are distinct and that these "instructive" signals determine the lineage fate of an uncommitted progenitor cell. Here we show that the thymic T progenitor cells (CD25(+)CD44(+)c-kit(+)CD3(-)CD4(-)CD8(-) thymocytes, termed pro-T cells) from young adult mice that have yet to express TCRs can be subdivided based on interleukin 7 receptor (IL-7R) expression. These subsets exhibit differential potential to develop into gammadelta versus alphabeta lineage (CD4+CD8+ cells) in the thymus. Upon intrathymic injection, IL-7R(neg-lo) pro-T cells generated a 13-fold higher ratio of alphabeta lineage to gammadelta lineage cells than did IL-7R(+) pro-T cells. Much of this difference was due to a fivefold greater potential of IL-7R(+) pro-T cells to develop into TCR-gammadelta T cells. Evidence indicates that this biased developmental potential is not a result of enhanced TCR-gamma gene rearrangement/expression in IL-7R(+) pro-T cells. These results indicate that the pro-T cells are heterogeneous in developmental potential before TCR gene rearrangement and suggest that in some precursor cells the initial lineage commitment is independent of TCR-mediated signals.
Lactotripeptides Show No Effect on Human Blood Pressure (2007)

Milk-derived peptides with ACE-inhibiting properties may have antihypertensive effects in humans. We conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to examine the blood pressure lowering potential of 2 ACE-inhibiting lactotripeptides, ie, Isoleucine-Proline-Proline and Valine-Proline-Proline. We included 135 Dutch subjects with elevated systolic blood pressure who were otherwise healthy and who received no current antihypertensive treatment. After a 2-week run-in period on placebo, subjects randomly received a daily dose of 200 mL dairy drink with 14 mg lactotripeptides obtained by concentrating fermented milk, enzymatic hydrolysis, or chemical synthesis, or placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 2-week wash-out. The primary outcome was 8-week change in office systolic blood pressure. Secondary outcomes were change in diastolic blood pressure, home blood pressure, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, plasma ACE-activity, and plasma angiotensin II. Blood pressure at baseline was on average 142/84 mm Hg. Lactotripeptides did not significantly change systolic blood pressure (P=0.46) or diastolic blood pressure (P=0.31) compared with placebo. The mean difference (95%-CI) in systolic blood pressure response between treatment and placebo was 2.8 mm Hg (-2.6;8.2) for concentrated fermented milk lactotripeptides, -0.5 mm Hg (-6.0;5.0) for enzymatic lactotripeptides, and 1.6 mm Hg (-3.9;6.9) for synthetic lactotripeptides. Treatment neither had a significant effect on secondary outcome measures. In conclusion, the present study does not support the hypothesis of a blood pressure lowering effect of the lactotripeptides Isoleucine-Proline-Proline and Valine-Proline-Proline.
<title>Computing 3D head orientation from a monocular image sequence</title> (1997)

An approach for estimating 3D head orientation in a monocular image sequence is proposed. The approach employs recently developed image-based parameterized tracking for face and face features to locate the area in which a sub- pixel parameterized shape estimation of the eye's boundary is performed. This involves tracking of five points (four at the eye corners and the fifth is the tip of the nose). We describe an approach that relies on the coarse structure of the face to compute orientation relative to the camera plane. Our approach employs projective invariance of the cross-ratios of the eye corners and anthropometric statistics to estimate the head yaw, roll and pitch. Analytical and experimental results are reported.
Zonificación edafoclimática de Theobroma cacao L. en el macizo montañoso Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa (2015)

La investigacion se realizo con el objetivo de identificar zonas edafoclimaticas que respondan a los requerimientos del cacao, en funcion de alcanzar un mayor rendimiento en el macizo montanoso Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa. La metodologia utilizada se fundamento y diseno a partir de las experiencias obtenidas en Cuba, adecuadas a las condiciones concretas de la especie y el territorio estudiado. El proceso de investigacion incluyo la determinacion de las bases para la zonificacion edafoclimatica del cacao, a partir del criterio de expertos como un aporte a la metodologia utilizada. Se determinaron las condiciones edafoclimaticas que caracterizan cuatro categorias de zonificacion (optima, medianamente optima, aceptable y no apta). Se determinaron las zonas climaticas y edaficas de la region por medio de la caracterizacion de algunas variables climaticas y edaficas. Ello permitio obtener las zonas edafoclimaticas que fueron representadas en un mapa a escala 1:100 000. Los resultados permitieron obtener una superficie total de 46 681.07 ha. en condiciones edafoclimaticas adecuadas para el desarrollo del cacao, cuyos rendimientos estimados se encuentran entre 0.5 t.ha-1 hasta mas de 2 t.ha-1 aplicando una tecnologia adecuada. Palabras clave: cacao, categorias de zonificacion, Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa, zonas edafoclimaticas
Inhibition of Cardiac Ca 2+ Release Channels (RyR2) Determines Efficacy of Class I Antiarrhythmic Drugs in Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (2011)

RyR2 cardiac Ca(2+) release channel inhibition appears to determine efficacy of class I drugs for the prevention of CPVT in Casq2(-/-) mice. Propafenone may be an alternative to flecainide for CPVT patients symptomatic on β-blockers.
Molecular Electronics—Science and Technology (1989)

Conference Reports: Ari Aviram's account of the molecular electronics meeting in Kona, Hawaii is just one of this months articles which also include Ceramics in Bologna (S.‐J. Kang) and Atomic Steps on Surfaces (M. Henzler).
The Use of Sodium Silicate and Sulphur as a Dust Palliative (1967)

The purpose of this r ese arch project was to find, or otherwise develop , n e w or improved mater i als or methods applicabl e specifica lly to the problem of dust control in connectio n w i th military ope rations on roads
Maintaining glottic opening in multiple system atrophy: Efficacy of serotonergic therapy (2012)

Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An Iterative Scheme for Hierarchical Production Planning in Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication (2021)

This paper considers a production planning and scheduling problem in a multi-product semiconductor wafer fabrication facility, which copes with the challenging factors including multiple re-entrant loops and diverse equipment characteristics. This work proposes a hierarchical production planning and scheduling approach that uses an iterative method for refining production plans to solve this problem. A production plan serving multiple objectives is derived by solving a linear programming problem, which is followed by a simulation run with a given scheduling rule to evaluate the performance gap. The planning and the simulation phases are executed in an iterative manner to reduce the performance gap between the planned production level and that from simulation outcome. A scheduling rule is proposed whereby the priority of a wafer is derived from the state of work-in-process (WIP) or production at that instant. The performance of the proposed method is assessed based on numerical simulations carried on Intel mini fab taking due date based demands for multiple products into consideration.
Direct laser writing and geometrical analysis of scaffolds with designed pore architecture for three-dimensional cell culturing (2012)

Traditional scaffold fabrication methods used in tissue engineering enable only limited control over essential parameters such as porosity, pore size and pore interconnectivity. In this study, we designed and fabricated five different types of three-dimensionally interconnected, highly porous scaffolds with precise control over the scaffold characteristics. We used two-photon polymerization (2PP) with a commercial polymer?ceramic material (Ormocomp?) for scaffold fabrication. Also for the first time, we analyzed the 2PP fabrication accuracy with respect to scaffold design parameters. Our results showed that the porosity values decreased up to 13% compared to the design specifications due to the fabrication process and the shrinkage of the material. Finally, we showed that our scaffolds supported human adipose stem cell adhesion and proliferation in a six day culture. By precise tuning of scaffold parameters, our design and fabrication method provides a novel approach for studying the effect of scaffold architecture on cell behavior in vitro.
Development of multi-modality polymer-coated quantum dots for cancer imaging (2016)

Cancer has become a large threat to people’s health and lives in the world. It is very important if we can achieve the early diagnosis of cancer, which can significantly reduce cancer mortality and improve the life quality of patients. Nanotechnology is currently widely used in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanometer-sized Quantum Dots have intrinsic optical, electronic, and structural properties therefore they have found many applications in the bio-medical imaging field. For better applications, we need the QDs to have excellent water-stability, biocompatibility and even targeting ability. Here, we design and develop novel biocompatible Hyaluronic acid polymer coated QDs for CD44+ cancer targeted imaging. The resulted QDs not only have good water solubility, biocompatibility, strong stability, but also achieved CD44 receptor targeted cancer cell imaging. The development of multi-modal imaging equipment requires the design for multi-modality imaging probes. We synthesized DTPA and DOTA chelating agent conjugated hyaluronic acid, which can couple magnetic resonance imaging elements-Gd, and PET isotopes-Cu respectively to make a NIR / MR or NIR / PET dual-modality imaging probes. The multi-modality imaging probe holds the ability for fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging and PET imaging which can complement the advantages of different imaging modality and help to enhance tumor identification and diagnostic capabilities. We expect our novel method to have broad applications in biomedical imaging research, for the realization of precise diagnosis of tumors, as well as to promote personalized medicine.