gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High performance 0.1 μm CMOS devices with 1.5 V power supply (2002)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of high-performance 0.1 /spl mu/m-channel CMOS devices with dual n/sup +p/sup +/ polysilicon gates on 35 /spl Aring/-thick gate oxide. A 22 ps/stage CMOS-inverter delay is obtained at a power supply voltage of 1.5 V. The highest unity-current-gain frequencies (f/sub T/) measured are 118 GHz for nMOSFET, and 67 GHz for pMOSFET.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Abstract 64: Conditional Knockout of Activin Like Kinase-1 (ALK-1) Leads to Heart Failure Without Maladaptive Remodeling (2015)

Activin like kinase 1 (ALK1) mediates signaling via the TGFb family of ligands. ALK1 activity promotes endothelial proliferation and migration. Reduced ALK1 activity is associated with arteriovenous malformations. No studies have examined the effect of global ALK1 deletion on indices of cardiac remodeling. We hypothesized that reduced levels of ALK1 promote maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Methods: We employed an ALK1 conditional knockout mice (cKO) harboring the ROSA26-CreER knock-in allele whereby a single dose of intraperitoneal tamoxifen triggered ubiquitous Cre recombinase mediated excision of floxed ALK1 alleles. Tamoxifen treated wild-type (WT-Tam; n=5) and vehicle treated ALK1-cKO mice (cKO-Veh; n=5) served as controls for tamoxifen treated ALK1-cKO mice (cKO-Tam; n=15). Results: ALK1 cKO-Tam mice demonstrated reduced 14-day survival compared to cKO-Veh controls (33% vs 100%, respectively, p&lt;0.01). Seven days after treatment, ALK1 cKO mice began to exhibit reduced left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening, progressive LV dilation, and gastrointestinal bleeding. After 14 days total body mass was reduced, but LV and lung mass increased in cKO-Tam not cKO-Veh mice. Peak LV systolic pressure, contractility, and arterial elastance were reduced, but LV end-diastolic pressure and stroke volume increased in cKO-Tam, not cKO-Veh mice. LV ALK1 mRNA and protein levels were reduced in cKO-Tam, not cKO-Veh mice. LV levels of other TGFb-family ligands and receptors (ALK5, TBRII, BMPRII, Endoglin, BMP7, BMP9, and TGFB1) were unchanged between groups. Cardiomyocyte area and LV levels of BNP were increased in cKO-Tam mice, but LV levels of b-MHC, SerCA, and calcineurin were unchanged. No increase in cardiac fibrosis Type I collagen, CTGF, or PAI-1 levels were observed between groups. No differences were observed for any variable studied between cKO-Veh and WT-Tam mice. Conclusion: Global deletion of ALK1 is associated with the development of high output heart failure without maladaptive remodeling. Future studies exploring the functional role of ALK1 in cardiac remodeling are required.
Endwall Heat Transfer Measurements in a Transonic Turbine Cascade (1996)

Turbine blade endwall heat transfer measurements are given for a range of Reynolds and Mach numbers. Data were obtained for Reynolds numbers based on inlet conditions of 0.5 and 1.0 × 106, for isentropic exit Mach numbers of 1.0 and 1.3, and for freestream turbulence intensities of 0.25% and 7.0%. Tests were conducted in a linear cascade at the NASA Lewis Transonic Turbine Blade Cascade Facility. The test article was a turbine rotor with 136° of turning and an axial chord of 12.7 cm. The large scale allowed for very detailed measurements of both flow field and surface phenomena. The intent of the work is to provide benchmark quality data for CFD code and model verification. The flow field in the cascade is highly three-dimensional as a result of thick boundary layers at the test section inlet. Endwall heat transfer data were obtained using a steady-state liquid crystal technique.
Cataclysm (2005)

In this paper we present the Cataclysm server platform for handling extreme overloads in hosted Internet applications. The primary contribution of our work is to develop a low overhead, highly scalable admission control technique for Internet applications. Cataclysm provides several desirable features, such as guarantees on response time by conducting accurate size-based admission control, revenue maximization at multiple time-scales via preferential admission of important requests and dynamic capacity provisioning, and the ability to be operational even under extreme overloads. Cataclysm can transparently trade-off the accuracy of its decision making with the intensity of the workload allowing it to handle incoming rates of several tens of thousands of requests/second. We implement a prototype Cataclysm hosting platform on a Linux cluster and demonstrate the benefits of our integrated approach using a variety of workloads.
mRNA from frog corneal epithelium increases water permeability in Xenopus oocytes. (1995)

Evidence was found for a water channel in the frog corneal epithelium because oocytes injected with the epithelial mRNA manifested increased water permeability. The increase in water permeability was larger in the presence of external Cl- and was inhibited by HgCl2. This finding correlates with measurements of Pf in the intact epithelium in which apical Cl- induced an increase in transepithelial water permeability prevented by HgCl2.
Ethylene signalling is involved in regulation of phosphate starvation‐induced gene expression and production of acid phosphatases and anthocyanin in Arabidopsis (2010)

• With the exception of root hair development, the role of the phytohormone ethylene is not clear in other aspects of plant responses to inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation. • The induction of AtPT2 was used as a marker to find novel signalling components involved in plant responses to Pi starvation. Using genetic and chemical approaches, we examined the role of ethylene in the regulation of plant responses to Pi starvation. • hps2, an Arabidopsis mutant with enhanced sensitivity to Pi starvation, was identified and found to be a new allele of CTR1 that is a key negative regulator of ethylene responses. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the precursor of ethylene, increases plant sensitivity to Pi starvation, whereas the ethylene perception inhibitor Ag+ suppresses this response. The Pi starvation-induced gene expression and acid phosphatase activity are also enhanced in the hps2 mutant, but suppressed in the ethylene-insensitive mutant ein2-5. By contrast, we found that ethylene signalling plays a negative role in Pi starvation-induced anthocyanin production. • These findings extend the roles of ethylene in the regulation of plant responses to Pi starvation and will help us to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying these responses.
The In Vivo Cytokine Capture Assay for Measurement of Cytokine Production in the Mouse (2003)

Because most cytokines are utilized, catabolized, or excreted shortly after they are produced, it has been difficult to directly measure in vivo cytokine production. Consequently, it has been necessary to infer in vivo cytokine secretion levels from the results of ex vivo assays of cytokine secretion, assays that measure tissue levels of cytokine mRNA, or assays that stain tissues for cytokine protein levels. Results of these assays provide important and useful information, but do not necessarily reflect in vivo cytokine secretion. To better determine in vivo cytokine production, the in vivo cytokine capture assay (IVCCA) was developed. IVCCA facilitates measurement of cytokines in serum by increasing their in vivo half-lives. This increases the sensitivity of measurement of in vivo cytokine production 30- to 1,000-fold. The first protocol described in this unit is for luminescence-based ELISA, while the second is for an absorbance-based method.
Design and comparison direct torque control techniques for induction motors (2005)

In this paper a comparison of two significant control methods of induction motor are presented. The first one is a classical direct torque and flux control (DTC) and is compared with a scheme, which uses space vector modulator (DTC-SVM). A comparison in respect to dynamic and steady state performance of the drives is presented. The methods are compared in order to perform the demands from adjustable speed drive (ASD). Simulation and experimental results for both methods are shown.
Temporal Debugging: Automating Time Travel Debugging with URDB (2010)

This work addresses two classical problems in debugging. First, while some excellent reversible debuggers have been built for C, C++, Java, Standard ML, other languages including MATLAB, Python and Perl lack such reversible debuggers. To solve this, this work contributes a new temporal debugging approach and a new software package, URDB (Universal Reversible DeBugger), which can extend the native debuggers of these three languages into reversible debuggers. URDB also supports reversibility of the traditional gdb debugger for C and C++. Reversibility can be added to the native debugger of a new language in less than a day. URDB uses a checkpoint-restart procedure based on DMTCP (Distributed MultiThreaded CheckPointing). The second classical debugging problem concerns long-running computations. Such computations are often difficult to debu g because the initial fault may occur much earlier than the resul ting error. In a long-running computation, it is important that t he application execute at full native speed, with little or no slo wdown due to logging of events, interpretation of code within a debugger, etc. Moreover, in the case of logging, there is an issue both of time to log many events, and also of storage to hold many events over a long process lifetime. The solution, and another contribution of this work, is that of temporal debugging. A binary search is performed over the process lifetime to find the event or point in t ime representing the initial fault that eventually generated t he visible error. The abilities of URDB and DMTCP/ptrace are demonstrated on a real-world C++ program designed using the Booch (Unified ) methodology and currently extending to 750,000 lines: Geant4. Since long-running computations like Geant4 often use C or C++ for efficiency, it was also necessary to extend a debugger for these languages. Gdb was the natural debugger of choice for C and C++. However, since gdb is based on ptrace, it was necessary to extend
Surgical Mask Partition Reduces the Risk of Noncontact Transmission in a Golden Syrian Hamster Model for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 could be transmitted by respiratory droplets or airborne droplet nuclei which could be reduced by surgical mask partition in the hamster model. This is the first in vivo experimental evidence to support the possible benefit of surgical mask in prevention of COVID-19 transmission, especially when masks were worn by infected individuals.
Humoral and cellular immunity in secondary infection due to murine Chlamydia trachomatis (1997)

A murine model of pneumonia due to the mouse pneumonitis agent (MoPn [murine Chlamydia trachomatis]) in mice deficient in CD4+ T-cell function (major histocompatibility complex [MHC] class II function [class II-/-], CD8+ T-cell function (beta2-microglobulin deficient, MHC class I deficient [Beta2m-/-]), B-cell function (C57BL/10J-Igh(tm1Cgn) [Igh-/-]), and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (C57BL/6-Ifg(tm1) [Ifg-/-]) or interleukin-4 (C57BL/6J(tm1Cgn29) [IL4-/-]) production was employed to determine if each of these mechanisms was critical to resistance against reinfection by C. trachomatis or if alternate compensatory mechanisms existed in their absence which could potentially be exploited in vaccine development. Resistance to reinfection with MoPn was heavily dependent on CD4+ T cells. CD4 T-cell-deficient MHC class II-/- mice were very susceptible to reinfection with MoPn, showing the critical importance of this cell to resistance. These mice lacked antibody production but did produce IFN-gamma, apparently by mechanisms involving NK and CD8+ T cells. Neutralization of IFN-gamma in these mice led to a borderline increase in susceptibility, showing a possible role (albeit small) of this cytokine in this setting. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was also present at increased levels in these mice. Igh-/- B-cell-deficient mice which produce no antibody to MoPn were only modestly more susceptible to reinfection than immunized B-cell-intact controls, showing that antibody, including lung immunoglobulin A, is not an absolute requirement for relatively successful host defense in this setting. Levels of lung IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha were elevated in Igh-/- mice compared to those in controls. IL-4-/- mice (deficient in Th2 function) could develop normal resistance to reinfection with MoPn. Conversely, normal mice rendered partially IFN-gamma deficient by antibody depletion were somewhat impaired in their ability to develop acquired immunity to MoPn, again indicating a role for this cytokine in host defense against rechallenge. Of most importance, however, congenitally IFN-gamma-deficient Ifg-/- mice (which have elevated levels of other cytokines, including TNF-alpha and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) are paradoxically more resistant to MoPn rechallenge than controls, showing that IFN-gamma is not an absolute requirement for acquired resistance and implying the presence of very effective compensatory host defense mechanism(s). In vivo depletion of TNF-alpha significantly increased MoPn levels in the lungs in these mice. Thus, resistance to reinfection in this model is flexible and multifactorial and is heavily dependent on CD4+ T cells, with a probable role for IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and a possible modest role for Th1-dependent antibody. Since IFN-gamma was dispensable in host defense, the highly effective mechanism or mechanisms which can compensate for its absence (which include TNF-alpha) deserve further study.
Regulating Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine: The Challenges Ahead (2013)

Those working in the regenerative medicine field currently face numerous regulatory and related challenges. This Perspective captures some of the key ideas of a UK-based working group drawn from academic, clinical and industrial communities and also identifies some key steps that should be taken in the UK and elsewhere to address these challenges.
Central mechanisms in control of acid secretion (1991)

Several brain sites, including the paraventricular nucleus, dorsomedial and lateral hypothalamus, central nucleus of the amygdala, the bed nucleus stria terminalis, and the insular and medial prefrontal cortex, raphe obscurus and pallidus are likely to be involved in the regulation of acid secretion. These sites have established projections to the dorsal vagal complex and influence gastric acid secretion on chemical stimulation. A hypothalamic stimulatory control of acid secretion involving paraventricular nucleus-dorsal vagal complex oxytocin pathways and anterior hypothalamic cholinergic receptors has been described by one group of investigators. In the medulla, there is compelling evidence that would assign thyrotropin-releasing hormone terminals (which innervate the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus) a stimulatory role in the vagal control of acid secretion in rats and cats. Preliminary data indicate that adrenergic innervation and y-aminobutyric acid, acting through y-aminobutyric acidA receptors in the dorsal motor nucleus, can produce a direct synaptic inhibition of parasympathetic neurons that results in a decrease of acid secretion. Newly described central inhibitors of acid secretion are interleukin- 1β and - 1α, which exert a potent antisecretory effect through prostaglandin pathways. These findings may provide new insight on interactions between the immune and gastrointestinal systems.
Human Milk Provision Experiences, Goals, and Outcomes for Teen Mothers with Low-Birth-Weight Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (2017)

Most of the teen mothers' lactation barriers reflected their adolescent developmental stage. Potential interventions are identified and include focus groups with teen mothers and maternal grandmothers and lactation support by NICU-based teen breastfeeding peer counselors.
Studies on Power System Load Flow Equivalencing (1980)

This paper reviews the principles and main methods for load-flow equivalencing, with due emphasis given to on-line applications. Unreduced Load Flow, Ward, REI, Linearization, and Identification methods are covered, introducing a number of new ideas and versions. A critical analysis of the properties of the different methods is made, to assist in choosing the most suitable ones for practical application.
Synthèse, caractérisation et étude des mécanismes de décharge et d'autodécharge des hydroxydes et oxyhydroxydes de nickel et de cobalt (2003)

L'objectif de cette thèse était d'établir une meilleure compréhension du comportement électrochimique de l'électrode à hydroxyde de nickel lors de la décharge, et de mieux cerner les mécanismes d'autodécharge afin de les limiter en vue d'application dans les piles Ni/Zn, parues récemment sur le marché. Les mécanismes de décharge de l'électrode de nickel, et notamment le phénomène du second plateau, ont été étudiés par diffraction de neutrons in situ qui permet de suivre simultanément les modifications structurales et le comportement électrochimique des phases. Une origine chimique au second plateau a ainsi pu être exclue définitivement, l'existence de celui-ci n'étant pas spécifique à une phase identifiée. L'étude plus appliquée portant sur l'autodécharge des oxyhydroxydes de nickel de type gIII en milieu alcalin a été développée selon deux axes de recherche principaux: l'étude du mécanisme à proprement dit, et le développement de solutions visant à minimiser ce phénomène
An ultra small individual recognition security chip (2001)

The manufacturing and distribution of goods requires good quality and inventory control. The RFID (radiofrequency identification) enabled microchip's small size and low cost make it suitable for attachment to paper media and small products, aiding counterfeit prevention and product tracking in market environments.
Rate of heating as a determinant of hyperthermic cytotoxicity. (1981)

In Chinese hamster ovary cells and in normal and transformed rat embryonic fibroblasts, survival as a function of time at 42.4 degrees was dependent upon the rate of heating from 37 degrees to 42.4 degrees. Unexpectedly, the untransformed rat fibroblasts were more heat sensitive than were the transformed cells, and the protective effect of slow rates of heating upon survival at 42.4 degrees was also more pronounced in the normal cells than in the transformed cells. In Chinese hamster ovary cells, total cellular cholesterol content and cell volume were found to change significantly with time at 42.4 degrees when cells were heated immediately (37 to 42.4 degrees within 3 min) but did not vary significantly during 6 hr at 42.4 degrees in cells heated from 37 to 42.4 degrees over 3 hr. Chinese hamster ovary cells heated immediately to 42.4 degrees also showed a significant drop in the protein content of the particulate fraction with time at 42.4 degrees. In contrast, cells heated over 3 hr showed a significant increase in the protein content of the particulate fraction with time at 42.4 degrees. These data suggest that, if cells are heated to hyperthermic temperatures over sufficiently long intervals, mechanisms have time to develop which protect the cell membrane against changes associated with cell death in rapidly heated cells. The protective effect of slow rates of heating may partially explain the relative lack of success thus far observed with the use of whole-body hyperthermia in which heating from 37 degrees to 42 degrees often requires 2 to 3 hr.
Comparison of group-level, source localized activity for simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy-magnetoencephalography and simultaneous fNIRS-fMRI during parametric median nerve stimulation (2017)

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique, which uses light to measure changes in cerebral blood oxygenation through sensors placed on the surface of the scalp. We recorded concurrent fNIRS with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in order to investigate the group-level correspondence of these measures with source-localized fNIRS estimates. Healthy participants took part in both a concurrent fNIRS-MEG and fNIRS-fMRI neuroimaging session during two somatosensory stimulation tasks, a blocked design median nerve localizer and parametric pulsed-pair median nerve stimulation using interpulse intervals from 100 to 500 ms. We found the spatial correlation for estimated activation patterns from the somatosensory task was [Formula: see text], 0.57, and [Formula: see text] and the amplitude correlation was [Formula: see text], 0.52, and [Formula: see text] for fMRI-MEG, fMRI-fNIRS oxy-hemoglobin, and fMRI-fNIRS deoxy-hemoglobin signals, respectively. Taken together, these results show good correspondence among the fMRI, fNIRS, and MEG with the great majority of the difference across modalities being driven by lower sensitivity for deeper brain sources in MEG and fNIRS. These results provide an important validation of source-localized fNIRS in the context of concurrent multimodal imaging for future studies of the relationship between physiological effects in the human brain.
[The history and current status of clinical applications of stem cells]. (2011)

Here, we summarize the history and current status of clinical applications of stem cells for regenerative medicine. Cultured autologous epidermal cells were successfully applied to treat human severe burn patients in 1980 for the first time ever. Then, several commercial tissue engineered products including skin and cartilage have been approved by the regulatory agencies, and many clinical trials are ongoing now in Europe and United States. Regenerative medicine achieved by tissue engineering with autologous and allogeneic stem cells including ES and iPS cells are highly promising, and more and more products are expected to come on the market in the near future.