gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Refining rheological response of chemical pulp fibre suspensions (2017)

The purpose of this work was to study the influence of the refining operating variables on the rheological response of chemical pulp fibre suspensions using a Valley beater. Pinus sylvestris, Eucalyptus globulus and Betula verrucosa bleached pulps were used. The normal and tangential average forces exerted on the pulp suspension in the gap clearance were evaluated, the gap between rotor and stator was measured and the apparent viscosity evolution during refining was obtained. The refining essays took place in a laboratory Valley beater, and the studied variables were the load on the roll, the rotor speed of rotation and the specific applied energy. Relationships between apparent viscosity and shear rate were tested for the three species fibre suspensions, which showed shear-thinning behaviour (Fig.1). The results were analysed in terms of fiber and flock properties. The computed crowding factors, Nc, (Kerekes and Schell) decrease from pine to eucalypt to birch. Thus, flock dimensions and resistance are significantly higher for pine. Pine had significantly wider gap, due to its greater and more resistant flocks. This produced smaller shear rate and thus higher apparent viscosity. The smaller and weaker eucalyptus and birch flocks induced smaller gaps, higher shear rates and smaller apparent viscosity. For each pulp suspension, the apparent viscosity diminished with refining time due to increased fibre flexibility and shortening, which promoted smaller flocks and reduced gap clearance (producing higher shear rates). The different rheological behaviors under the same operating conditions for different pulps lead to the inference that from the hydrodynamical point of view one should treat pulps with different morphological characteristics separately, considering the optimization of the energy transfer efficiency in pulp refining.
Flash Memory Field Failure Mechanisms (2006)

This paper presents a study of flash memory field failures encountered in mobile phone applications. Failure analyses carried out by the flash memory manufacturers have been surveyed, and the failure root causes have been classified. Failure mechanism distributions are presented. Failures related to the manufacturing process defects are the dominant ones in the analyzed failure cases. Defect control and screening are key factors to field EFR (early failure rate) control, monitoring and improvement
Subjectivity and Sentiment Annotation of Modern Standard Arabic Newswire (2011)

Subjectivity and sentiment analysis (SSA) is an area that has been witnessing a flurry of novel research. However, only few attempts have been made to build SSA systems for morphologically-rich languages (MRL). In the current study, we report efforts to partially bridge this gap. We present a newly labeled corpus of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) from the news domain manually annotated for subjectivity and domain at the sentence level. We summarize our linguistically-motivated annotation guidelines and provide examples from our corpus exemplifying the different phenomena. Throughout the paper, we discuss expression of subjectivity in natural language, combining various previously scattered insights belonging to many branches of linguistics.
Laser speckle from thin and cascaded diffusers (1988)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rochester. College of Engineering and Applied Science. Institute of Optics, 1988.
Recrystallization of a planar amorphous-crystalline interface in silicon by low energy recoils: A molecular dynamics study (1995)

We discuss the motion of an amorphous-crystalline interface in silicon induced by low energy recoils. We employ molecular dynamics simulation with the Stillinger–Weber interatomic potential for silicon. The temperature of the substrate in these simulations was 250 K. Our results show that when 15 or 20 eV recoils are initiated from the amorphous side of the interface, the crystal regrows by solid-phase epitaxy. On the other hand, no interface motion was detected for 15 eV recoils launched from the crystalline side, and damage accumulation resulted when the recoil energy was set to 20 eV. The efficiency of recrystallization for this process is 0.67, for both 20 and 15 eV recoils. That is, approximately two silicon atoms transform from the amorphous to the crystalline phase per every three incident recoils. The calculated threshold energy required to produce a stable defect in silicon was found to be substantially lower in an amorphous matrix than in a crystalline lattice.
Synthese und Struktur von [{η‐C5Me5)Ti(NH)}3N], einem Titanimidnitrid (1989)

Die einfache Umsetzung von Cp*TiMe 3 mit Ammoniak führt zur Titelverbindung 1 , dem ersten isolierten und strukturell charakterisierten Titanimidnitrid. Derartige Verbindungen könnten Vorstufen für die Darstellung dünner Titannitrid‐Schichten sein. Cp* = C 5 Me 5 . magnified image
Multi-objective lot splitting for a single productm-machine flowshop line (2004)

In this paper, the mean flowtime and the makespan objectives are simultaneously investigated in a single product, m-machine, flowshop system. For this purpose, an efficiency frontier approach is applied and an optimal algorithm for generating all efficient solutions is developed. A comprehensive computational experiment is performed for analyzing the tradeoff between the two objectives and evaluating the proposed algorithm performance. The most-balanced-solution, MinMax, is defined and recommended as a desirable alternative for either the flowtime or the makespan optimal solutions. Results show that when the system is optimized for either the mean flowtime or the makespan, a significant loss in the nonoptimized objective value is observed. On the other hand, adopting the MinMax solution obtains a close to optimal solution in both objectives.
Manufacturing of Non-Resin Wheat Straw MDF/HDF (2008)

Wheat straw was used as raw material in production of medium density fibreboard (MDF) and high-density fibreboard (HDF). The straw fibreboard process was performed without addition of synthetic binders. Adhesive bonding between fibers was initiated by activation of the fibre surfaces by an oxidative pre-treatment in the defibration process. Hydrogen peroxide was added into the blowline to get a fast and effective process. Adhesive bonding between the activated fibres were later formed when pressing. The fiber quality and pH and pH buffering capacity was analysed at different hydrogen peroxide loadings. The effects of mechanical and physical properties of the non-resin wheat straw MDF/HDF were evaluated. Mechanical bending properties, Modulus of Rupture (MOR), Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), and Internal Bond (IB) were generally lower than conventional wood-based MDF/HDF but close to the requirements of the MDF-standard. Modulus of Elongation (MOE) was surprisingly high and exceeded the levels in the MDF-standard. Moreover, the thickness swelling of the non-resin wheat straw MDF was high but was reduced by the addition of a hydrophobic agent (metallic ion). Increased level of hydrogen peroxide improved the panel properties and the usage of the hydrophobic agent reduced the thickness swelling.
BRAF Mutation Testing of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Specimens for Preoperative Risk Stratification in Papillary Thyroid Cancer (2009)

Preoperative BRAF mutation testing of FNAB specimens provides a novel tool to preoperatively identify PTC patients at higher risk for extensive disease (extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastases) and those who are more likely to manifest disease persistence/recurrence. BRAF mutation, as a powerful risk prognostic marker, may therefore be useful in appropriately tailoring the initial surgical extent for patients with PTC.
Serum Galactomannan Versus a Combination of Galactomannan and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Aspergillus DNA Detection for Early Therapy of Invasive Aspergillosis in High-Risk Hematological Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2014)

A combined monitoring strategy based on serum GM and Aspergillus DNA was associated with an earlier diagnosis and a lower incidence of IA in high-risk hematological patients. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01742026.
Sonic hedgehog expression correlates with fundic gland differentiation in the adult gastrointestinal tract (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is an important endodermal morphogenetic signal during the development of the vertebrate gut. It controls gastrointestinal patterning in general, and gastric gland formation in particular. We have previously shown that Shh regulates gastric gland proliferation in the adult but detailed analysis of its expression along the adult gastrointestinal tract has never been undertaken. We therefore studied Shh expression along the normal human and rodent adult gastrointestinal tract as well as in intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, gastric and intestinal metaplasia of the oesophagus, and gastric heterotopia in Meckel’s diverticulum. <b>Methods:</b> The studies were performed with in situ hybridisation and by immunohistochemistry using an antibody that recognises the Shh precursor form. <b>Results:</b> We found that in the normal gastrointestinal tract, high levels of Shh were expressed in the fundic glands of the stomach. Shh expression was also found in fundic gland metaplasia and heterotopia. However, Shh expression was lost in intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. <b>Conclusion:</b> We found a strong correlation between Shh expression and fundic gland differentiation. Our current study therefore provides evidence that in addition to its role in gastric epithelial development, Shh plays a unique role in gastric epithelial differentiation in adults.
Robust Regression in R An Appendix to An R Companion to Applied Regression, Second Edition (2011)

Linear least-squares regression can be very sensitive to unusual data. In this appendix to Fox and Weisberg (2011), we describe how to t several alternative robust-regression estimators, which attempt to down-weight or ignore unusual data: M -estimators; bounded-inuence estimators; MM -estimators; and quantile-regression estimators, including L1 regression. All estimation methods rely on assumptions for their validity. We say that an estimator or statistical procedure is robust if it provides useful information even if some of the assumptions used to justify the estimation method are not applicable. Most of this appendix concerns robust regression, estimation methods typically for the linear regression model that are insensitive to outliers and possibly high leverage points. Other types of robustness, for example to model misspecication, are not discussed here. These methods were developed between the mid-1960s and the mid-1980s. With the exception of the L1 methods described in Section 5, they are not widely used today.
Grain boundary misorientations and percolative current paths in high-J c powder-in-tube (Bi,Pb)2Sr3Ca3Cu3Ox (1995)

Grain orientations and grain boundary misorientations in high-Jc, powder-in-tube (PIT) (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (Bi-2223) were determined using electron backscatter Kikuchi diffraction and x-ray microdiffraction. Data collected from over 113 spatially correlated grains, resulting in 227 grain boundaries, show that over 40% of the boundaries are Σ1 or small angle (less than 15°). In addition, 8% of the boundaries are within the Brandon criterion for CSLs (sigma larger than 1 and less than 50). Grain boundary ‘‘texture maps’’ derived from the electron microscope image and orientation data reveal the presence of percolative paths between low energy boundaries.
QUANTITATIVE MICROANALYSIS OF MN, ZN AND OTHER ELEMENTS IN MATURE WHEAT SEED (1985)

S ummary A scanning proton microprobe has been used to determine quantitatively the distribution of Mn, Zn and other elements in the mature wheat seed (Triticum aestivum cv. Gamenya). Both X‐ray and nuclear scattered proton data were collected during the irradiation of a 40 μm‐thick longitudinal section, and these were used to calculate absolute elemental concentrations for the various features of interest in the embryo region. Elemental maps were collected for a number of transverse and longitudinal sections (obtained from several seeds), but comprehensive analytical information was collected from one typical longitudinal section only. In the embryo, the concentration (by dry weight) of Mn was highest in the radicle (1400 ± 200 μg g −1 error is 1 SD) and lowest in the coleorhiza (200 ± 30 μg g −1 ), whereas Zn was highest in the scutellum (600 ± 100 μg g −1 and lowest in the leaf primordium (410 ± 70μg g −1 ). Comparisons with direct bulk chemical analysis of excised embryos showed agreement. The possible biological significance of the distribution of elements is discussed. An extensive appendix allows botanists to properly assess the techniques used.
Studies on population dynamics and damage potential of banana leaf and fruit scarring beetle, Basilepta subcostatum jacoby on local and wild banana genotypes of Tripura (2020)

The present experiments was conducted to study the population dynamics and damage potential of banana leaf and fruit scarring beetle, Basilepta subcostatum Jacoby on eight local and wild banana genotypes like Shabri (AAB), Mizo-Cavendish (AAA), Katch Kela (ABB), Champa (AAB), Gopi (ABB), Attia Kela (BB), Kanai Basi (AA) and Musa flaviflora at banana orchard, College of Agriculture, Tripura during 2018-19. The highest mean number of beetle population per plant and scars on 10 sq.cm leaf were recorded on Mizo-Cavendish (16.84/ plant and 21.26/ 10 cm2) followed by Shabri banana (13.36/ plant and 16.20/ 10 cm2) and katch Kela (9.62/ plant and 12.63/ 10 cm2). Whereas, the lowest population and scars were recorded on Musa flaviflora (0.24/plant and 0.37/ 10 cm2), Kanai-Basi (0.35/ plant and 0.69/10 cm2) and Attia Kela (0.67/ plant and 1.51 /10 cm2). The highest beetle population and peak infestation (scars) noticed during 27rd standard week (July 3rd week) to 39th standard week (Sept. 4th week). The incidence of beetle population and scars produced by the beetle was positively and significantly correlated with rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature except relative humidity. Significantly highest fruit damage per bunch was recorded in Shabri cultivar (87.53 %) followed by Mizo-Cavendish (78.13 %) and Champa (65.86 %). Also the least infested bunches were Kanai Basi., Musa flaviflora and Attia Kela which ranged from 2 to 5 per cent.
Gas activation on carbon material with cell geometry using microwave heating (2010)

Carbon materials were formed from coffee wastes by gas activation process using microwave heating for rapid production, and this material showed cell geometry and micro pores at cell surface. The relationship between the pore characteristics of these materials and the activation conditions were studied. A 2.45 GHz microwave controlled at 100 W irradiated the coffee wastes for carbonization during 105 min, and the gas activation process performed by microwave power varied from 100 to 500 W with Ar and gas mixture of Ar and CO2. N2 adsorption isotherm profiles at 77 K indicated the Langmuir type profile. The specific surface area and the micro-pore volume reached to 357 m2/g and 16.5×10-2 cm3/g at 490 W microwave power with the gas mixtures, respectively. Structure of carbon material clearly reveals cell geometry. The averages of the cell partition wall thickness decreased as the specific surface area and the micro-pore volume increased. These results suggest that the cell geometry and pore characteristics of carbon materials can be controlled by microwave power.
Reference Service Process: A Normalized Cross-Over Service Collaboration Paradigm (2020)

The deep integration and innovation of cross-over services across the boundaries of different industries, organizations and individuals will provide developers with multidimensional, high-quality and valuable cross-over services, which has become an important innovation approach for the development of modern service industry. With the further development of this trend, services in the form of processes play an increasingly important role in the field of service computing research. However, with the rise of digitization and the escalation of cross-industry, cross-over participants face two tough questions: (l) What kind of service process can solve the complex business we face.(2) How can we access these service processes quickly and conveniently. In this paper, we propose the concept of reference service process to solve the problems above. The reference service process is a normalized cross-over service collaboration paradigm. On the one hand, reference service process of different functional topics can solve most complex businesses, eliminating the need for developers to design service processes. On the other hand, each reference service process establishes a mapping relationship with multiple general service processes, which solves the problem of selection by automatically selecting the optimal service process for developers.
Mycotoxins in grapes and wine in Europe: occurrence, factors affecting the occurrence and related toxicological effects (2010)

In 2006, the European Commission has established maximum levels for ochratoxin A in wine and grape products, using occurrence data up to 2001 and toxicity data up to 2006. This paper presents an up-to-date overview of the occurrence of mycotoxins in grapes and wine produced in Europe in the period 1995-2010. In addition, for the most frequently occurring mycotoxins, factors influencing the occurrence, and the toxicological effects are presented. To evaluate possible trends in occurrence, contamination data were grouped into three periods of time, i.e. 1995-1999, 2000-2006 and 2007-2010. Most of the available contamination data on mycotoxins in grapes and wine refer to ochratoxin A, but occurrence data on this toxin from 2006 onwards are very limited. The occurrence of ochratoxin A is higher in the southern European countries than in the northern countries, and higher in red and sweet wines as compared to white wines. Fumonisins occur frequently, but in low concentrations. Data on the natural occurrence of Alternaria toxins are not available. The most important factors that influence ochratoxin A contamination of grapes and wine include: temperature and relative humidity in the month before harvesting the berries, the type of wine (maceration), and the percentage of damaged berries before vinification. Applying good agricultural practices in the vineyard, including minimizing damaged berries and chemical or biological control of the fungi, are the best methods to limit mycotoxin formation in grapes and wine. Ochratoxin A, Alternaria toxins and fumonisins are toxic to animals. These toxins are of concern to human health, but clear evidence on their relationship with human disease is not available yet. Therefore, more research in this area would be desirable.
Optical biopsy: in-vivo diagnosis of breast cancer using elastic scatter spectroscopy (2000)

Elastic scattering or diffuse reflectance spectroscopy offers the possibility of distinguishing between cancerous and non- cancerous tissue in the breast with a relatively simple optical measurement. The measurement of the relative reflection of light has previously been shown to be sensitive to both the size and distribution of intra and inter-cellular structures as well as absorption from chromophores, which are present in the tissue. Coupling a white light source and spectrometer to optic fibers makes it possible to construct probes that can be inserted percutaneously or used intra- operatively to take in-vivo spectra from breast tissue or ex- vivo spectra from excised sentinel nodes. This 'optical biopsy' is correlated with a conventional histopathological specimen obtained at the same point. Spectra are reported from a large number of patients with benign and malignant lesions. Some of the differences that appear in these spectra are outlined and the uses and limitations of this technique for in-vivo diagnosis are discussed. It is shown that to a relatively high degree of sensitivity and specificity it is possible to distinguish between malignant tumors, benign lesions and normal tissue.
Initial Design and Evaluation of an Intra-Cardiac Camera System for Ventricular Septal Defects (2010)

The primary objective of this project is to design, fabricate, and test a small, integrated camera system for aiding in the visualization and surgical repair of ventricular septal defects (VSDs), or holes in the heart wall, in pediatric patients. Currently, a less invasive device to view VSDs from the left ventricle of the heart does not exist. This left perspective is ideal for obtaining an unobstructed view of the VSD. The proposed VSD camera device would also provide a platform for passing a suture through the hole in the septal wall, with future work implementing additional tools capable of more advanced tasks. This camera device will help solve some of the major issues currently associated with both cardiac imaging and surgical intervention of VSDs by providing a minimally invasive camera platform for viewing VSDs from the left ventricle. This paper examines the design development and preliminary evaluation of a proof of concept device. Included are preliminary results of image quality comparisons and design details of a pediatric-specific VSD camera device.
Failure Study of Commercial LiFePO4Cells in over-Discharge Conditions Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (2014)

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies were carried out on commercial 18650 LiFePO4 cells at different States of Charge (SOCs) to investigate failure in over-discharge conditions. The charge/discharge curves, capacity, charge acceptance, temperature, and impedance were characterized and analyzed. The EIS results show that the de-convoluted Ohmic resistance, R0, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) resistance, RSEI, and Warburg Coefficient, σ, change with cycle number in some patterns, indicating the occurrence of corrosion of the current collector, SEI breakdown/decomposition and reformation, and the development of diffusion barriers of Li+ in the electrode, respectively. These parameters, R0, RSEI, and σ are associated with failure and can be used as indicators of incoming failure. The EIS results from the three-electrode system verify that the EIS results from the two-electrode system (practical 18650 cells) are reliable, which lays the foundation for the use of electrochemical impedance on practical applications of LIB cells. Overall, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy can be used as an effective and reliable tool to monitor the state of health, predict incoming failure of the cell, and issue a warning before failure without disturbing the operation of the cell.