gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully-oxidized AlGaAs heterostructures as broadband passive waveguides for photonic circuit integration (2002)

In this paper, we demonstrate propagation losses of less than α = 1.0 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> at both λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> = 1.55 and 0.63 μm for an oxidized Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</sub> As/Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.85</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.15</sub> As waveguide. These loss reductions, and the realization of transparency well above the GaAs band edge, are achieved through both an improved structure (thicker cladding layer, larger Al composition contrast) and a modification to the standard oxidation process (via the controlled addition of O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). The addition of trace amounts of oxygen reduces the oxide surface roughness, increases the index of oxidized Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> As (x < 0.5), and increases oxidation rates (0.3 < x < 0.85). These process enhancements lead to improved mode confinement and reduced absorption and scattering losses.
Participation of the urokinase receptor in neutrophil efferocytosis (2009)

The urokinase receptor (uPAR) plays an important role in regulation of fibronolysis, cell migration, and adhesion. In this study, we examined whether uPAR plays a role in modulating efferocytosis of neutrophils. Macrophages from uPAR(-/-) mice demonstrated enhanced ability to engulf viable wild-type (WT) neutrophils in vitro and in vivo in the lungs. The increased phagocytic activity of uPAR(-/-) macrophages was abrogated by incubation with soluble uPAR (suPAR), arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-containing peptides, or anti-integrin antibodies. There was increased uptake of viable uPAR(-/-) neutrophils by WT macrophages. Incubation of uPAR(-/-) neutrophils with suPAR or anti-integrin antibodies diminished uptake by WT macrophages to baseline. Uptake of uPAR(-/-) neutrophils by uPAR(-/-) macrophages was not enhanced. However, incubation of uPAR(-/-) neutrophils or uPAR(-/-) macrophages, but not both, with suPAR enhanced the uptake of viable uPAR(-/-) neutrophils by uPAR(-/-) macrophages. The adhesion of WT neutrophils to uPAR(-/-) macrophages was higher than to WT macrophages. uPAR(-/-) neutrophils demonstrated increased adhesion to suPAR, which was abrogated by blocking of low-density lipoprotein related protein and integrins. Expression of uPAR on the surface of apoptotic neutrophils was reduced compared with levels on viable neutrophils. These results demonstrate a novel role for uPAR in modulating recognition and clearance of neutrophils.
The GRAD high-altitude balloon flight over Antarctica (1989)

The Gamma Ray Advanced Detector(GRAD) consists of a n‐type germanium detector inside an active bismuth‐germanate Compton and charged particle shield with additional active plastic shielding across the aperture. It will be flown on a high altitude balloon at 36 km altitude at a latitude of 78° S over Antarctica for observations of gamma radiation emitted by the radioactive decay of 56Co in the Supernova SN1987A, for assessment of the performance of bismuth‐germanate scintillation material in the radiation environment of near space, for gathering information on the gamma‐ray background over Antarctica, and for testing fault‐tolerant software.
Field Experience with the First Twin-Screw Multiphase Pump in a Saudi Arabia Oil Field (2013)

Abstract The water cut and gas fraction associated with oil field production typically increases over time. The production reaches a point where part of the field becomes severely restricted, leading to low production and even premature abandonment of an oil producer. Artificial lifting methods are applied in this case to maintain the production. The most widely used methods are electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) and gas lift. Recently, it has been shown that multiphase pumping (MPP) technology is becoming a competitive method. MPP can also extend well production life and ultimately increase total recovery from producing fields; however, there are selection criteria for the proper application of the MPP. Considering an MPP for a well should be carefully approached and evaluated on a case by case basis. MPP may not be the best alternative for all weak wells. For example, a dead well, which cannot flow smoothly to the surface, does not provide sufficient wellhead pressure to the MPP inlet, and therefore is not a candidate for MPP. The MPP (twin-screw technology) has been installed in a remote field to boost the oil production from three oil wells with high water cut and insufficient pressure to flow to the processing facility. For these wells, a MPP package was designed and installed at the field manifold. The unit was a simplified portable pumping system powered by a diesel generator. The MPP is now operated unmanned with local controlling and monitoring systems. The trial test has proven the high percentage of operating efficiency of this type of MPP1. An oil gain was realized from the manifold using this MPP, which improves the oil recovery and sweep in the subjected area. The MPP has proven its reliability to introduce a successful performance for specially selected low flowing wellhead pressure (LFWHP) wells' applications. In addition, the MPP has further advantages in terms of piping modification requirements, maintenance ease, power consumption, compatibility with intelligent fields, monitoring operations, etc. This paper discusses the advantages of utilizing MPP with twin-screw technology in a Saudi Aramco field. The paper also addresses project implementation as well as the operating experience with the MPP. Introduction The multiphase pumps (MPPs) are modified liquid pumps that are capable of pumping various combinations of oil, water, gas, and minor sand in flow stream without separation. The MPPs are most commonly used to add energy to unprocessed fluids, which are to be transported to processing facilities far located downstream. Therefore, a reduction or elimination of the production infrastructure such as separation equipment and offshore platforms can be achieved. This leads to lower operating costs associated with the development of hydrocarbon reserves. In this way, marginal fields located in hostile environments can be developed more economically2. The MPPs can also reduce the back pressure on producing wells, leading to an increase in production and recoverable reserves.
High fidelity, high yield production of microfluidic devices by hot embossing lithography: rheology and stiction (2006)

We discuss thermoforming of thermoplastic polymers for the hot-embossing lithographic (HEL) fabrication of microfluidic chips near equilibrium conditions that minimize elastic recoil for optimal motif replication. While HEL is often simplistically described as the transfer of micro- and nano-motifs into heat-softened thermoplastic materials, we describe our rational approach to selecting appropriate processing parameters.
A Review of Sensory Feedback in Upper-Limb Prostheses From the Perspective of Human Motor Control (2020)

This manuscript reviews historical and recent studies that focus on supplementary sensory feedback for use in upper limb prostheses. It shows that the inability of many studies to speak to the issue of meaningful performance improvements in real-life scenarios is caused by the complexity of the interactions of supplementary sensory feedback with other types of feedback along with other portions of the motor control process. To do this, the present manuscript frames the question of supplementary feedback from the perspective of computational motor control, providing a brief review of the main advances in that field over the last 20 years. It then separates the studies on the closed-loop prosthesis control into distinct categories, which are defined by relating the impact of feedback to the relevant components of the motor control framework, and reviews the work that has been done over the last 50+ years in each of those categories. It ends with a discussion of the studies, along with suggestions for experimental construction and connections with other areas of research, such as machine learning.
Comparative developmental neurotoxicity of flame-retardants, polybrominated flame-retardants and organophosphorous compounds, in mice (2004)

Comparative developmental neurotoxicity of flame-retardants, polybrominated flame-retardants and organophosphorous compounds, in mice
Enantioselective Synthesis of (1R,4S)-1-Amino-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopentene, a Precursor for Carbocyclic Nucleoside Synthesis (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective Synthesis of (1R,4S)-1-Amino-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopentene, a Precursor for Carbocyclic Nucleoside SynthesisKi Hun Park and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 2, 394–399Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00081a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00081a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views425Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Let's hope Dingaan Nyathi did not die in vain : the law (2008)

At the risk of adding superfluous verbiage to the columns of without prejudice on the famous Nyathi case in which the Constitutional Court struck down as unconstitutional s3 of the State Liability Act of 1957, as amended in 1993, here is a contribution to the debate aimed at ensuring that the late Dingaan Nyathi did not die in vain.
The Trichoplusia ni granulovirus helicase is unable to support replication of Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus in cells and larvae of T. ni (2000)

Baculovirus DNA helicases are essential for replication and are determinants of host range. Helicases of Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and Trichoplusia ni granulovirus (TnGV) differ markedly, although both viruses replicate efficiently in the cabbage looper, T. ni. To determine whether the TnGV helicase (P137) could support replication of AcMNPV in T. ni cells or larvae, the native AcMNPV helicase gene (p143) was disrupted and substituted with p137. P137 did not support replication when synthesized by the P143-deficient AcMNPV. Moreover, P137 did not inhibit AcMNPV replication when co-synthesized in the presence of the AcMNPV P143. These results suggest that although TnGV and AcMNPV replicate efficiently in T. ni, specific protein-protein or protein-DNA interactions between baculoviral helicases and viral-specific factors which form the replicase complex are required for virus replication. A novel and rapid method for disrupting AcMNPV genes in E. coli using the commercial Bac-to-Bac AcMNPV baculovirus expression vector is described.
Cell-Autonomous Effector Mechanisms against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2014)

Few pathogens run the gauntlet of sterilizing immunity like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This organism infects mononuclear phagocytes and is also ingested by neutrophils, both of which possess an arsenal of cell-intrinsic effector mechanisms capable of eliminating it. Here Mtb encounters acid, oxidants, nitrosylating agents, and redox congeners, often exuberantly delivered under low oxygen tension. Further pressure is applied by withholding divalent Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺, as well as by metabolic privation in the form of carbon needed for anaplerosis and aromatic amino acids for growth. Finally, host E3 ligases ubiquinate, cationic peptides disrupt, and lysosomal enzymes digest Mtb as part of the autophagic response to this particular pathogen. It is a testament to the evolutionary fitness of Mtb that sterilization is rarely complete, although sufficient to ensure most people infected with this airborne bacterium remain disease-free.
Self‐Templating Synthesis of Hollow Co3O4 Microtube Arrays for Highly Efficient Water Electrolysis (2016)

Abstract In spite of recent advances in the synthesis of hollow micro/nanostructures, the fabrication of three‐dimensional electrodes on the basis of these structures remains a major challenge. Herein, we develop an electrochemical sacrificial‐template strategy to fabricate hollow Co 3 O 4 microtube arrays with hierarchical porosity. The resultant unique structures and integrated electrode configurations impart enhanced mass transfer and electron mobility, ensuring high activity and stability in catalyzing oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions. Impressively, the apparent performance can rival that of state‐of‐the‐art noble‐metal and transition‐metal electrocatalysts. Furthermore, this bifunctional electrode can be used for highly efficient overall water splitting, even competing with the integrated performance of Pt/C and IrO 2 /C.
A 5G New Radio LDPC Coded NOMA Scheme Supporting High User Load for Massive MTC (2018)

To provide massive connectivity of a large number of low-power devices in massive machine-type communications (mMTC), advanced physical layer multiple access technologies are imperative for next generation of cellular networks. In this paper, a physical layer non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme, called resource-pattern-aided bit-interleave coded multiple access, BICMA for short, is proposed for mMTC to support high and flexible user load energy-efficiently with low complexity. The rate-compatible length-scalable low-density parity check (LDPC) codes, recommended for 5G new radio in 3GPP work item, are firstly incorporated into NOMA schemes to provide great flexibility and compatibility with other services, like enhanced mobile broadband. In BICMA, instead of spreading, the constellation symbols of users are directly mapped to chips according to resource patterns, of which the density can be adjusted to reduce multi-user interference at each chip. Thanks to the rate-compatible length-scalable LDPC codes and flexible resource pattern, the parameter optimization of BICMA is of low complexity. Simulation results show that the energy-efficiency of BICMA is higher than that of orthogonal multiple access schemes, especially with relatively high sum spectral efficiency. Various user loads, as high as 18 users with spectrum efficiency of 0.25 bits/chip/user, can be supported by BICMA, and the required signal-to-noise ratio of each user only increases slightly while much more users could access the same channel resources simultaneously.
Antimicrobial and antifouling efficacy of urinary catheters impregnated with a combination of macrolide and fluoroquinolone antibiotics againstPseudomonas aeruginosa (2016)

The incidence of catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) is increasing worldwide. This study was designed to modify a biomaterial by impregnating a silicone urinary catheter with combination of a macrolide, azithromycin (AZM) and a fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin (CIP). Drug release profiles showed slow yet continuous release of antibiotics from catheters for one month. In vitro efficacy testing showed that group B catheters [3% (w v(-1)) CIP + 6% (w v(-1)) AZM] outperformed group A catheters [2% (w v(-1)) CIP + 5% (w v(-1)) AZM] by (1) showing larger zones of inhibition (>31 mm) compared to group A (<28 mm) for up to 30 days against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1; (2) killing adhered bacteria in 24 h compared to 24-48 h in group A; (3) showing longer antimicrobial durability for four weeks; and (4) exhibiting a stable real-time shelf life of one year, suggesting that these catheters can be explored in clinical settings, especially in long-term CAUTI.
Immunoprotection versus immunopathology by type I and III interferon against human metapneumovirus (2019)

Abstract Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract infection in infants and children. The disease outcome of HMPV infection ranges from mild infection to severe bronchiolitis and fatal pneumonia. HMPV was discovered in 2001 and its disease mechanisms are not fully understood. To study HMPV pathogenesis, we tested nine HMPV clinical isolates in an established C57BL/6 mouse model. HMPV clinical isolates induced variable disease severity ranging from mild to fatal disease. Mice infected by non-virulent strain TN/94-49 did not show significant weight loss, but mice infected with virulent isolate C2-202 showed dramatic weight loss and 40% mortality within 5 days post-infection. These findings were confirmed in other inbred mouse strains. C2-202 infected mice also suffered from impaired pulmonary function post-recovery. Lung virus replication did not correlate with disease severity, suggesting immune-mediated pathogenesis. Further investigation revealed increased type I and III interferons, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and neutrophil infiltration in C2-202 infected mice. HMPV C2-202 infection also inhibited dendritic cell recruitment and down-regulated MHC-II surface expression on macrophages. Stat1/Stat2 double knockout mice lacking interferon signaling exhibited reduced weight loss, lessened disease severity, and increased dendritic cell recruitment after C2-202 infection. Our results indicate that severe disease caused by HMPV clinical isolates was due to exuberant interferon response leading to immuno-pathological tissue damage. These data suggest interferon signaling plays an important role in HMPV pathogenesis, and thus serves as a potential therapeutic target.
Steric Effects on Electronically Excited Product Channels in Reactions between Ca(1D2) and CH3X(JKM) (X = Cl, Br) (1996)

Steric effects are reported for the chemiluminescent CaCl(B 2Σ) and CaBr(A 2Π) exit channels of the reaction of Ca(1D2) with oriented CH3Cl (JKM = 111) and CH3Br (JKM = 111), respectively. The translational energy dependence of the total chemiluminescence and the steric effect of the CaCl(B 2Σ) channel was measured. An enhanced CaCl(B) chemiluminescence is observed for a tails (methyl end) approach and an enhanced CaBr(A) production for a heads (Br end) approach geometry. The observed energy dependence of the steric effect is attributed mainly to a correlation between the projection of the electronic angular momentum of the Ca(1D2) on the intermolecular axis and the projection of the electronic angular momentum of the diatomic product on the diatomic axis. A full report of semiclassical trajectory calculations on a long-range potential is presented in the accompanying paper by Meijer et al. (Meijer, A. J. H. M.; Groenenboom, G. C.; van der Avoird, A. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 16072).
The Relation of Organ Weights to Lean Body Mass and Empty Body Weight in Cattle (1954)

Data on 165 cattle have been studied statistically to determine the degree of association between the weights of the visceral organs, spleen, liver, heart, kidney and pancreas, and the weight of lean-body mass and empty-body weight. These organs were also evaluated as indicators in the estimation of empty-body weight and lean-body mass in cattle. There is a very high positive correlation between the organ weights and the weights of the empty-body and the lean-body mass. All visceral organs studied were about equally reliable in their predictive value. For a population of cattle limited in age and weight, the liver appears to be a better indicator than the other organs. With a group of cattle varying more widely in age, weight and degree of fatness all organs are good indicators. The hypothesis proposed that liver is uniquely related to lean-body mass is invalidated since other organs are also highly correlated with this factor and because this relationship is influenced largely by total or empty-body weight.
Bacteriophage enzymes for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections: Stability and stabilization of the enzyme lysing Streptococcus pyogenes cells (2008)

The effect of various compounds on the activity and stability of a phage-associated enzyme lysing cells of streptococci of groups A and C (PlyC) was investigated. Substantial inhibition of the enzyme activity was revealed at an increased ionic strength (in the presence of NaCl) and upon the addition of carbohydrates (mono-, di-, and polysaccharides), i.e., agents stabilizing many enzymes. It was established that the enzyme activity was substantially reduced in the presence of positively charged polyelectrolytes and surfactants, whereas incubation with micelle-forming substances and negatively charged polyelectrolytes led to PlyC activation and stabilization. It was shown that, in the micellar polyelectrolyte composition M16, the enzyme retained its activity for 2 months; while in a buffer solution under the same conditions (pH 6.3, room temperature), ture), it practically completely lost its activity in 2 days. Characteristics of the enzyme thermal inactivation were found, in particular, its half-inactivation time at various temperatures; these allowed us to estimate its behavior at any temperature and to recommend conditions for its storage and use.
Diffuse light corrections to sunphotometry of desert dust [[and marine aerosols (2005)

The NASA Ames airborne Sun photometry program has benefited in many ways from the work of John Reagan. Our water vapor retrieval methods are based on methods published by Prof. Reagan (1987). Designs for our existing instruments and advanced concepts have been influenced by Prof. Reagan's instruments and by his specialized consulting. And our measurements of the Pinatubo volcanic stratospheric aerosol include corrections for diffuse light effects derived by Prof. Reagan and colleagues. The work described here extends Sun photometric diffuse light correction methods to include conditions influenced by the large particles present in airborne desert dust and marine aerosols. Features of the work include parametric equations that easily determine aerosol optical depth (AOD) correction factors from /spl Aring/ngstro/spl uml/m exponents of uncorrected AOD spectra. The parametric equations are derived from results of an analytical expression that accounts for all orders of scattering. Aerosol scattering phase functions are derived from a representative range of dust and marine aerosols with realistic size distributions, compositions (or complex refractive indices), and shapes. This aerosol information is obtained from a wide range of retrievals from the AERONET network of Sun-sky radiometers, as well as airborne in situ measurements especially designed to account for large particles.