gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-Emission Carbonized Polymer Dots for Ratiometric pH Sensing, pH-Dependent Generation of Singlet Oxygen, and Imaging-Guided Dynamics Monitoring of Photodynamic Therapy (2021)

The pH environment in cancer cells has been demonstrated to display vital influences on the therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT). It is very interesting to develop pH-responsive probes for simultaneous pH sensing and dynamics monitoring of the effects of PDT, and therefore assessing the correlation between them. In this study, a multifunctional fluorescence probe, dual-emission carbonized polymer dot (CPD) in blue and red regions, which uses ethylene imine polymer (PEI) and 4,4',4″,4‴-(porphine-5, 10, 15, 20-tetrayl) tetrakis (benzoic acid) (TCPP) as precursors through a one-step hydrothermal amide reaction, has been designed for ratiometric pH sensing, generating pH-dependent <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> for PDT of cancer cells, and investigating the dynamics effects of PDT through pH-guided imaging. The prepared CPDs were successfully used for ratiometric pH response, pH-dependent generation of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, and dynamics monitoring PDT in HeLa cells. This study may provide an alternative strategy to prepare CPD-based theranostic integrated nanoprobes for PDT through the rational design of precursors.
Jig-Shape Static Aeroelastic Wing Design Problem: A Decoupled Approach (2002)

A novel approach to the jig-shape static aeroelastic wing design problem is presented in this paper. Unlike previous design efforts where the aerodynamic and structural analyses were coupled throughout the optimization process, this work presents a truly decoupled approach. The proposed approach performs aerodynamic shape optimization in the first phase to determine an optimal configuration, followed by structural shape optimization in the second phase to find the corresponding jig shape. The latter does not require the performance of any new aerodynamic analyses, resulting in true decoupling of the jig-shape aeroelastic wing design problem. This results in significant reduction in computation time making the design of relatively complex wing structures feasible. For this study high-fidelity codes-ANSYS 5.0 for the structural analyses and a supersonic Euler code for the aerodynamic analyses-were used. A modified simulated annealing algorithm was used as the optimizer. Two examples are presented a forebody problem and the design of a high-speed civil transport wing, to demonstrate the efficacy of the methodology.
Potential role for P-glycoprotein in the nonproportional pharmacokinetics of UK-343,664 in man (2001)

1. UK-343,664 is a potent and specific PDE5 inhibitor. Following single oral doses to human volunteers, it exhibited non-proportional pharmacokinetics over the dose range 30-800 mg. Over this 27-fold dose range, Cmax and AUCt increased 247- and 287-fold respectively. The half-life (4-6 h) was similar at all doses. No systemic exposure was quantifiable at doses <10 mg. 2. UK-343,664 is a lipophilic molecule (log D7.4 = 3.1) and as such is expected to be cleared mainly by metabolism. Based on studies with expressed human P450 enzymes it was concluded that the metabolism of UK-343,664 was predominantly mediated by CYP3A4. With a moderate Km = 76 microM for this enzyme, saturation of first-pass metabolism alone was considered unlikely to account for the non-proportional pharmacokinetics. 3. UK-343,664 showed high affinity for P-glycoprotein in vitro, with a Km = 7.3 microM. In transport studies in LLC-PK1 cell monolayers transfected with P-glycoprotein, UK343,664 showed marked polarized transport which was concentration dependent. 4. The high affinity of UK-343,664 for P-glycoprotein is considered to be the primary source of the non-proportional pharmacokinetic profile observed in man.
Application of Thermodynamic Databases to Evaluation of Interfacial Tension between Liquid Steels and Molten Slags (1999)

Article Application of Thermodynamic Databases to Evaluation of Interfacial Tension between Liquid Steels and Molten Slags was published on May 1, 1999 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 90, issue 5).
Not “Financing a Sham” (2002)

Are You Financing a Sham?"In the Note, Dr Rothstein contended that it is a rare occasion when a physical therapy continuing education course provides scientific evidence, or even discusses what evidence exists, for a topic.He argued that most continuing education courses are primarily testimonials.He also stated, "Even at APTA national meetings and component-sponsored events, there seem to be few demands for speakers to provide evidence or even to discuss whether evidence exists."We submit that the Neurology Section of APTA offers continuing education courses based on evidence.And here is our evidence.The Neurology Section's 2001 Combined Section Meeting (CSM) preconference program included 3 keynote speakers.The average number of articles listed in a PubMed/MEDLINE search for these 3 speakers was 86 (SD=81).In 2002, the Neurology Section will offer 2 pre-conference courses.There will be 10 keynote speakers.The average number of articles listed in a PubMed/MEDLINE search for these 10 speakers was 40 (SD=53).The median number of publications for our 13 CSM 2001 and 2002 preconference keynote speakers was 30 articles.This number of articles would suggest that we have credible speakers.But quantity of articles is not everything.What about the quality of the articles?The journals in which our keynote speakers publish include, but are not limited to, Advances in Neurology;
Learnability of DNF with representation-specific queries (2013)

We study the problem of PAC learning the class of DNF formulas with a type of natural pairwise query specific to the DNF representation. Specifically, given a pair of positive examples from a polynomial-sized sample, we consider boolean queries that ask whether the two examples satisfy at least one term in common in the target DNF, and numerical queries that ask how many terms in common the two examples satisfy. We provide both positive and negative results for learning with these queries under both uniform and general distributions.
Isolation-Safe Speculative Access Control for Hardware Transactional Memory (2018)

On shared-memory systems such as multi-core processors, lock-based mechanisms have been used in parallel programs to exclude conflicting accesses on shared variables. Transactional memory (TM) is a new paradigm to arbitrate conflicting accesses and is expected to be an alternative to the traditional lock-based mechanisms. Transactional memory speculatively executes transactions in parallel and cancels the execution when access conflicts are detected between them. Because canceling the speculative execution has an impact on TM performance, it is advisable to reduce conflicts. We found that some of the accesses, that are judged as conflicting accesses by TM, need not be denied and can be granted. In this paper, we propose a novel execution control for TMs for speculatively granting a certain type of access requests. The result of the evaluation shows that the execution cycles can be reduced by 63.6% at a maximum and 38.8% on average.
Rough interface reconstruction using the level set method (2005)

We present a new level set method for reconstructing interfaces from point aggregations. Although level-set-based methods are advantageous because they can handle complicated topologies and noisy data, most tend to smooth the inherent roughness of the original data. Our objective is to enhance the quality of a reconstructed surface by preserving certain roughness-related characteristics of the original dataset. Our formulation employs the total variation of the surface as a roughness measure. The algorithm consists of two steps: a roughness-capturing flow and a roughness-preserving flow. The roughness capturing step attempts to construct a surface for which the original roughness is captured - distance flow is well suited for roughness capturing. Surface reconstruction is enhanced by using a total variation preserving (TVP) scheme for the roughness-preserving flow. The shock filter formulation of Osher and Rudin is exploited to achieve this goal. In practice, we have found that better results arc obtained by balancing the TVP term with a smoothing term based on curvature. The algorithm is applied to both fractal surface growth simulations and scanned data sets to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
Wireline Well Tractor: Case Histories (1997)

Abstract The wireline Well Tractor has in the North Sea area completed various wireline jobs in horizontal and extended reach deviated wells. The electric driven Well Tractor has made it possible to perform wireline operations in horizontal and deviated wells such as PLT jobs with surface read out, running of perforation guns, running of specialized tools, setting and pulling of plugs etc. Since March 1996 the Well Tractor has run numerous jobs on Statoils platforms in the North Sea and also jobs for other major oil companies in the North Sea area and North America. This paper describes the implementation of the Well Tractor technology. Logging, plug setting, perforating operations and fishing in wells with a horizontal section of more than 1600 meters are included in the case histories. Introduction The number of horizontal and extended reach wells worldwide is dramatically increasing. It is possible to drill and complete ERD, long horizontal and designer wells with no greater difficulty. However, when a requirement for intervention in these type of wells occurs and in particular for live well intervention, coiled tubing or snubbing operations have up to now been the only options. In many cases and particularly in wells with high well head pressure coiled tubing and snubbing operations are impractical and involve a large amount of costly equipment, personnel and rig time. Logistical problems, in particular for coiled tubing operations are evident, especially for ERD type wells as the coiled tubing reel weight often exceeds the platform crane capacity. The costs for these horizontal and deviated well intervention operations with coiled tubing or snubbing are excessive and in many cases operations such as production logging is simply not performed because of the costs involved. Development Phase Statoil has for the past three years focused on a strategy for reducing intervention costs. As a consequence of this Statoil decided to support and play an active role in the development, testing and implementation of a downhole tractor. Statoil as the head sponsor and Maritime Well Service as the co participating service company supported the development and manufacturing company Welltec. The co-operation and joint efforts of the three companies is the obvious reason for the success of the wireline Well Tractor project. Economical analyses performed in Statoil have revealed considerable cost savings when utilizing wireline tractors for electric line type operations vs. coiled tubing for the same type of operations. Further, it is expected that the market for production logging in ERD- and horizontal wells will increase due to the reduced intervention costs.
Mesures et suivi d'endommagement en fatigue mécanique par corrélation \n d'images numériques (2011)

Des essais de fatigue mécanique ont été&#13;\n réalisés sur un acier inoxydable austénitique 304L dans lesquels la détection de&#13;\n l'amorçage de microfissures intragranulaires de surface et le suivi de leur propagation&#13;\n a été réalisé en utilisant des mesures de champ de déplacement obtenus par corrélations&#13;\n d'images numériques de la microstructure. Les résultats obtenus (comme les tailles et la&#13;\n densité de fissures) sont utilisés dans le développement d'un modèle d'endommagement en&#13;\n fatigue thermique.
Brushless doubly-fed induction machines: Torque ripple (2015)

The brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) without its brush-gear and slip-rings seems interesting as successor of the normal DFIG in wind turbine drivetrains. However, the brushless DFIM magnetic field has a rich space-harmonic spectrum, which causes additional torque ripple. This paper focuses on torque ripple in the brushless DFIM. The causes and origin of torque ripple are discussed and an analytical model is developed that derives the torque ripple from the air-gap magnetic field distribution. Further, a finite element method for torque ripple calculation is presented. Both methods are used to calculate the torque response of a case study machine. Results are compared and the accuracy of the analytical model is validated with good result. The analytical model is then used to further analyse the torque ripple, resulting in exact torque ripple frequencies and additional insight in the cause of the torque ripple.
Connecting structure to function with the recovery of over 1000 high-quality activated sludge metagenome-assembled genomes encoding full-length rRNA genes using long-read sequencing (2020)

Abstract Microorganisms are critical to water recycling, pollution removal and resource recovery processes in the wastewater industry. While the structure of this complex community is increasingly understood based on 16S rRNA gene studies, this structure cannot currently be linked to functional potential due to the absence of high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) with full-length rRNA genes for nearly all species. Here, we sequence 23 Danish full-scale wastewater treatment plant metagenomes, producing &gt;1 Tbp of long-read and &gt;0.9 Tbp of short-read data. We recovered 1083 high-quality MAGs, including 57 closed circular genomes. The MAGs accounted for ~30% of the community, and meet the stringent MIMAG high-quality draft requirements including full-length rRNA genes. We show how novel high-quality MAGs in combination with &gt;13 years of amplicon data, Raman microspectroscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridisation can be used to uncover abundant undescribed lineages belonging to important functional groups.
Utilizing Segmented MRI Data in Image-Guided Surgery (1997)

While the role and utility of Magnetic Resonance Images as a diagnostic tool are well established in current clinical practice, there are a number of emerging medical arenas in which MRI can play an equally important role. In this article, we consider the problem of image-guided surgery, and provide an overview of a series of techniques that we have recently developed in order to automatically utilize MRI-based anatomical reconstructions for surgical guidance and navigation.
Fabrication of a Ga3+ sensor probe based on methoxybenzylidenebenzenesulfonohydrazide (MBBSH) by an electrochemical approach (2017)

A thin-layer of (<italic>E</italic>)-<italic>N</italic>′-methoxybenzylidenebenzenesulfonohydrazide (MBBSH) was fabricated by the deposition of MBBSH onto a smooth glassy carbon electrode with nafion binder for the sensitive and selective Ga<sup>3+</sup> sensor probe.
Data Sets S1 (2021)

There are two folders in the Data Sets S1. Observed and synthetic waveforms which are normalized are in the folder named ‘Waveform matching result’. In this folder, each .mat file denotes each event and consists of the event information (‘eventData’), observed traces (‘Traces.data’), and synthetic waveforms (‘ts_run.data’) with relative attenuation measurements (‘ts_run.tStar_WF’). The 2-D attenuation model and model standard deviation for plotting are included in the folder named ‘model for plotting’.
Nonblocking WDM switching networks with full and limited wavelength conversion (2002)

In recent years, with the rapid exhaustion of the capacity in wide area networks (WAN) led by Internet and multimedia applications, demand for high bandwidth has been growing at a very fast pace. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a promising technique to utilize the huge available bandwidth in optical fibers. We consider efficient designs of nonblocking WDM permutation switching networks. Such designs require nontrivial extensions from the existing designs of electronic switching networks. We first propose several permutation models in WDM switching networks ranging from no wavelength conversion, limited wavelength conversion, to full wavelength conversion, and analyze the network performance in terms of the permutation capacity and network cost such as the number of optical crossconnect elements and the number of wavelength converters required for each model. We then give two methods for constructing nonblocking multistage WDM switching networks to reduce the network cost.
Replication of Reliable Assembly Features for Polymer Modular Microfluidic Systems (2007)

BioMEMS are compact devices which use microfabrication to miniaturize conventional benchtop instruments. The benefits of using micro devices are the need for less chemical reagents, faster processing, and portability. Realizing a powerful sample-to-answer micro system requires more than just microfabrication technology; thermal management, microfluidic control, and interfacing technology must also be considered. You et al. [1] applied kinematic constraint analysis using screw theory to design the assembly features for passive alignment structures for polymer, modular microfluidic devices. Three pairs of v-groove and hemispherical pin joints were chosen as kinematic pairs for mating two modules. Dimensional variation of the assembly features was one of principal contributions to the mismatch of 28 μm-75 μm between stacked plates in assembly that was reported. This was primarily a result of incomplete mold filling and deformation of the passive alignment structures during the demolding process. Hemisphere-tipped recesses, with additional annular walls as dummy structures, were used to designed to achieve better replication by improving polymer filling and reducing the deformation during demolding. In prototype devices, the posts with the annular dummy structures had a mean height of 922.2 μm – 924.1 μm while the original posts without dummy structures had mean heights of 865.3 μm – 891.2 μm in 10 samples under the same embossing conditions for a design height of 925 μm. Alignment accuracy of better than 10 μm was achieved in the assembly of two plates.
Glutamine Deprivation Induces Abortive S-Phase Rescued by Deoxyribonucleotides in K-Ras Transformed Fibroblasts (2009)

Our results suggest that the differential effects of glutamine and glucose on cell viability are not a property of the transformed phenotype per se, but rather depend on the specific pathway being activated in transformation. For instance, myc-overexpressing cells have been reported to die under glutamine depletion and not under glucose shortage, while the opposite holds for ras-transformed fibroblasts as shown in this paper. These different responses of transformed cells to nutritional stress should be taken into account when designing anti-cancer therapies that aim to exploit metabolic differences between normal and transformed cells.
Phthalocyanines of metals of the first transition series. Part II. Influence of the crystal features on the interaction with nitric oxide and on the M–(NO) moiety (1968)

No interaction has been observed between nitric oxide and the α-forms of Cr–pc, Fe–pc, and Co–pc. The different behaviour of the α-forms from that of the corresponding β-forms may be accounted for on the basis of their different crystal features. A detailed study of the infrared spectra (region 4000–650 cm.–1) of the nitrosyl derivatives prepared from the β-forms of Cr–pc, Mn–pc, Fe–pc, and Co–pc shows that steric factors, associated with the arrangement of the molecules in the crystal lattice, are of especial importance in determining the manner of NO–metal binding.
Current Status of Thermotherapy of the Prostate (1997)

Numerous studies unequivocally support the efficacy and safety of transurethral microwave thermotherapy for treatment of symptomatic BPH. Significant improvement in objective and subjective parameters has been realized with transurethral microwave thermotherapy at multiple centers in the United States and Europe.
Trends in microdisk laser design and optical modelling (2005)

Research into microcavity lasers demonstrates new achievements both in the technology and in the associated physical effects and applications. Melting and cooling of the disk edge boosts the Q-factors due to improved surface smoothness. Optimal shaping of pumped area lowers the threshold power. Photonic molecules made of several microdisks as "photonic atoms" show lasing at several closely spaced frequencies. Microdisks with single quantum dots as an active area are considered as most promising systems for realisation of single photon emitters necessary for quantum computing. These new effects and devices can be simulated with accurate numerical techniques developed recently for the cold-cavity modelling that are able to bring new vision of the physics of lasing.
A new circulating-current restraining method for modular multilevel converter (2013)

The common mode current of upper arm and lower arm in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) can be divided into two parts: a DC component and an AC component which is called the circulating current. The circulating current will increase power losses and may threaten the safe operation of the power devices and capacitors. To solve this question, this paper analyses the harmonics of the circulating current and makes the conclusion that the main components of circulating current are even and low order harmonics. Based on this conclusion, a new control method with parallel PI regulators is proposed. At last, experiment results demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical derivation and the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Keynote: Internet of Things or Threats? On Building Trust in IoT (2018)

The Internet of things (IoT) is rapidly emerging with the goal to connect the unconnected. Many new device manufacturers are entering the market of internet-connected appliances for smart homes and offices, ranging from motion sensors to virtual voice assistants. However, due to lack of security by design and flawed implementations we are facing significant security and privacy challenges specific to IoT, such as perilous IoT botnet attacks, and novel privacy threats caused by widespread installation of wireless sensors, actuators and smart home appliances even in the private setting of our homes. Unfortunately, basic security measures like properly encrypted communications does not protect against these threats. The massive scale of the IoT device population and enormous diversity of device hardware, operating systems, software frameworks and manufacturers makes it very difficult to establish standard IoT security and privacy-protecting solutions by simply applying known solutions, neither for per-device security architectures nor for network security measures. In particular, existing intrusion detection techniques to detect compromised IoT devices seem ineffective. In this talk, we will present our recent work on addressing various security and privacy challenges in the growing IoT landscape including industry collaborations. In particular, we focus on approaches for flexible management of security associations (pairing) among devices introduced into the user's trust domain as well as effectively and efficiently identifying these devices based on their inherent communication behavior and using these behavior patterns to automatically and reliably detect compromised IoT devices.