gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Segmentation and crustal structure of the western Mid‐Atlantic Ridge flank, 25°25′–27°10′N and 0–29 m.y. (1997)

We conducted a detailed geological‐geophysical survey of the west flank of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge between 25°25′N and 27°10′N and from the ridge axis out to 29 Ma crust, acquiring Hydrosweep multibeam bathymetry, HAWAII MR1 sidescan‐sonar imagery, gravity, magnetics, and single‐channel seismic reflection profiles. The survey covered all or part of nine spreading segments bounded by mostly nontransform, right‐stepping discontinuities which are subparallel to flow lines but which migrated independently of one another. Some discontinuities alternated between small right‐ and left‐stepping offsets or exhibited zero offset for up to 3–4 m.y. Despite these changes, the spreading segments have been long‐lived and extend 20 m.y. or more across isochrons. A large shift (∼9°) in relative plate motion about 24–22 Ma caused significant changes in segmentation pattern. The nature of this plate‐boundary response, together with the persistence of segments through periods of zero offset at their bounding discontinuities, suggest that the position and longevity of segments are controlled primarily by the subaxial position of buoyant mantle diapirs or focused zones of rising melt. Within segments, there are distinct differences in seafloor depth, morphology, residual mantle Bouguer gravity anomaly, and apparent crustal thickness between inside‐corner and outside‐corner crust. This demands fundamentally asymmetric crustal accretion and extension across the ridge axis, which we attribute to low‐angle, detachment faulting near segment ends. Cyclic variations in residual gravity over the crossisochron run of segments also suggest crustal‐thickness changes of at least 1–2 km every 2–3 m.y. These are interpreted to be caused by episodes of magmatic versus relatively amagmatic extension, controlled by retention and quasiperiodic release of melt from the upwelling mantle. Detachment faulting appears to be especially effective in exhuming lower crust to upper mantle at inside corners during relatively amagmatic episodes, creating crustal domes analogous to “turtleback” metamorphic core complexes that are formed by low‐angle, detachment faulting in subaerial extensional environments.
Situated Visual Analysis and Live Monitoring for Manufacturing (2022)

Modern machines continuously log status reports over long periods of time, which are valuable data to optimize working routines. Data visualization is a commonly used tool to gain insights into these data, mostly in retrospective (e.g., to determine causal dependencies between the faults of different machines). We present an approach to bring such visual analyses to the shop floor to support reacting to faults in real time. This approach combines spatio-temporal analyses of time series using a handheld touch device with augmented reality for live monitoring. Important information augments machines directly in their real-world context, and detailed logs of current and historical events are displayed on the handheld device. In collaboration with an industry partner, we designed and tested our approach on a live production line to obtain feedback from operators. We compare our approach for monitoring and analysis with existing solutions that are currently deployed.
An Integrated Method for Modeling Fluid Saturation Profiles and Characterising Geological Environments Using a Modified FZI Approach: Australian Fields Case Study (2005)

Abstract Laboratory derived capillary pressure data can be seen as an important tool for the purpose of establishing water saturation- height relationships as a function of rock type, forming the basis for a number of petroleum engineering and geoscience estimates. A modified ‘FZI-λ’ method, capable of giving better estimates of fluid distribution for Australian reservoirs, is proposed. The new methodology is particularly well suited for interpolating among different lithologies and diverse rock types as evident from a comparison with other methods reported in the literature, using a case study of the Griffin area fields. Reconciliation of capillary pressure data with core and log data can be advantageous for better reservoir description. In this work, the Carman-Kozeny (C-K) equation based Hydraulic Flow Zone Unit (HU or FZU) methodology has been found ideal in characterizing geologic depositional environments and modelling fluid saturation profiles. For this purpose, the concept of ‘Global Characteristic Envelopes’ (GCEs) has been introduced, to analyse geological and petrophysical characteristics and for the integration and correlation among the wells. Capillary pressure data, based on such FZU and depositional grouping, may be further used for modeling saturation profiles over the uncored intervals and allows meaningful averages to be assigned for geocellular modeling and reservoir simulation.
A Study of the Chemistry of Pyrophthalone and Related Compounds (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of the Chemistry of Pyrophthalone and Related CompoundsDONALD G. MANLY, ALFRED RICHARDSON Jr., ALBERT M. STOCK, C. H. TILFORD, and E. D. AMSTUTZCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 3, 373–380Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01097a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01097a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views293Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wettability, Saturation, and Viscosity Using the Magnetic Resonance Fluid Characterization Method and New Diffusion-Editing Pulse Sequences (2002)

Abstract This paper discusses a new nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method that can provide wettability, saturation, and oil viscosity values in rocks partially saturated with oil and brine. The method takes advantage of two new technological advances in NMR well logging — the MRF* Magnetic Resonance Fluid Characterization Method and NMR "diffusion-editing" (DE) pulse sequences. We discuss the principles underlying the fluid characterization method and the pulse sequences. The fluid characterization method is used to provide robust inversions of DE data suites acquired on fully brine-saturated and partially saturated rock samples. The outputs of the inversion are separate diffusion-free brine and oil T2 distributions for the fluids measured in the rocks. NMR measurements on partially saturated rocks are sensitive to wettability because of surface relaxation of the wetting phase fluid. The surface relaxation rate, however, must be significant compared to the bulk relaxation rate in order for wettability to noticeably affect the NMR response. We present results showing that the surface relaxation rate at lower wetting phase saturations is enhanced compared to that measured at higher saturations. The consequence of wetting-phase saturation on NMR-based wettability determination is discussed. Wettability affects the relaxation rates of both the wetting and nonwetting phases in partially saturated rocks. Surface relaxation of the wetting phase in a rock results in shorter relaxation times than would otherwise be observed for the bulk fluid. The nonwetting phase fluid molecules do not come into contact with the pore surfaces and therefore their relaxation rate in the rock is the same as in the bulk fluid. We present accurate and robust computations of diffusion-free T2 relaxation time distributions for both the wetting and nonwetting phases in four rocks that include two sandstones and two dolomites. A DE data suite was acquired on each rock measured in two different partial saturation states and also fully brine saturated. Wettability is determined by comparing the oil and brine T2 relaxation time distributions measured in the partially saturated rocks with the bulk oil T2 distribution and with the T2 distribution of the fully brine-saturated sample. The brine and oil T2 distributions are used to compute saturation and oil viscosity values. A general discussion elucidating the sensitivity range and T2 limits of diffusion-based NMR methods is given in the appendix. The appendix also derives and displays the gain in signal-to-noise ratio that is achieved by using DE data sequences for fluid characterization in place of Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) data suites.
Passive-active isolator control of sound radiation from a raft-cylinder system (1994)

This paper analytically investigates the active-passive control of sound radiation from an elastic finite cylinder containing a rigid raft mounted on active-passive isolators. The disturbance is narrow band and acts at various locations on the internal raft. The control cost function is constructed from radiated far-field pressure or supersonic shell structural wave-number estimates in contrast to the usual practice of minimizing vibration directly under the mount attachment point. A control effort term is included in the cost function to overcome the problem of an undetermined system when many isolators are used. The results demonstrate that, using an acoustic-based cost function in conjunction with a fully coupled control approach of the active-passive isolators leads to significant radiated sound reduction with a very low control effort. The mechanism is similar to ‘‘modal restructuring’’ observed in previous plate studies. The results are contrasted to direct minimization of vibration at the attachment points. The influence of passive variables such as mount damping and stiffness on the control forces and the associated sound reduction are also studied. [Work supported by ONR.]
An observational study of herbal tea use in infancy—a short report (1992)

An investigation into infant feeding practices in Madrid revealed the administration of herbal teas to young infants. Herbal teas were statistically significantly more often given to infants in the lower socio‐economic group than to infants in the middle and higher socio‐economic groups (P≤.04). There was no evidence that usage of herbal drinks was related to the sex of the child (P&gt;0.05). Teas were given for their supposed pharmaceutical effect. The different herbs are discussed and a recommendation for further study in this field is proposed.
MO‐FF‐A3‐04: Biological Effects of Variable RBE in Different Proton Therapy Delivery Modalities (2010)

Purpose : To evaluate and compare dosimetric effects of variable Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) in scanning and passive scattering proton therapy treatments. Method and Materials : Three prostate treatment plans for an actual patient treated in our clinic were simulated using a Monte Carlo code MCNPX. Two Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT) and one passive scattering (PSPT) treatment plan in a typical, two‐field, lateral, parallel‐opposed configuration were created using a computed tomography (CT) scan of the patient and a commercial treatment planning system (Varian Eclipse). The plans were simulated using the Monte Carlo code MCNPX scoring the total energy deposition and the fluence inside the patient volume using a three‐dimensional mesh tally. The energy deposition and the fluence were used to compute the total unrestricted stopping power, or LET. A space‐variable RBE as a function of LET, dose, and tissue type was calculated using a phenomenological model developed by Wilkens and Oelfke. Results : The RBE‐weighted dose was compared for three treatment plans for constant and variable RBE and significant differences were observed inside the treatment volume. While the three‐dimensional LET distribution in PSPT is relatively easy to predict with simple models, the LET distribution in IMPT can be much more complex and may require a detailed MC simulation in order to be estimated accurately. Conclusion : This example illustrates how very similar physical doses may have significantly different biological effects depending on the modality and the beam configuration of the treatment plan. This approach can be used for biologically based treatment planning and to explain some unexpected treatment toxicities in proton therapy patients.
Prone Positioning May Increase Lung Overdistension in COVID-19-Induced ARDS (2022)

Abstract Background: Real-time effects of changing body position and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on regional lung overdistension and collapse in individual patients remain largely unknown and not timely monitored. The aim of this study was to individualize PEEP in supine and prone body positions seeking to reduce lung collapse and overdistension in mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We hypothesized that prone positioning with bedside titrated PEEP would provide attenuation of both overdistension and collapse. Methods: In this prospective observational study, patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS under mechanical ventilation were included. We used electrical impedance tomography (EIT) with decremental PEEP titration algorithm (PEEP EIT-titration ), which provides information on regional lung overdistension and collapse, along with global respiratory system compliance, to individualize PEEP and body position. PEEP EIT-titration in supine position straightaway followed by PEEP EIT-titration in prone position were performed. Immediately before each PEEP EIT-titration , the same lung recruitment maneuver was performed: 2 min of PEEP 24 cmH 2 O and driving pressure of 15 cmH 2 O. Results: Forty-two PEEP EIT-titration were performed in ten patients (21 pairs supine and prone positions). We have found larger % of overdistension along the PEEP titration in prone than supine position ( P = 0.042). A larger % of collapse along the PEEP titration was found in supine than prone position ( P = 0.037). A smaller respiratory system compliance was found in prone than supine position ( P &lt; 0.0005). Conclusions: In patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS, prone body position, when compared with supine body position, decreased lung collapse at low PEEP levels, but increased lung overdistension at PEEP levels greater than 10 cm H 2 O. Trial registration number: NCT04460859
Synthesis and structure of alkali metal zirconium vanadate phosphates (2013)

Mixed vanadate phosphates in the systems MZr2(VO4) x (PO4)3 − x , where M is an alkali metal, were synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, and IR spectroscopy. Substitutional solid solutions with the structure of the mineral kosnarite (NZP) are formed at the compositions 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2 for M = Li; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 for M = Na; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 for M = K; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3 for M = Rb; and 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2 for M = Cs. Apart from the high-temperature NZP modification, lithium vanadate phosphates LiZr2(VO4) x (PO4)3 − x with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 synthesized at temperatures not exceeding 840°C crystallize in the scandium tungstate type structure. The crystal structures of LiZr2(VO4)0.8(PO4)2.2 (space group P21/n, a = 8.8447(6) Å, b = 8.9876(7) Å, c = 12.3976(7) Å, β = 90.821(4)○, V = 985.4(1) Å3, Z = 4) and NaZr2(VO4)0.4(PO4)2.6 (space group $R\bar 3c$ = 8.8182(3) Å, c = 22.7814(6) Å, V = 1534.14(1) Å3, Z = 6) were refined by the Rietvield method. The framework of the vanadate phosphate structure is composed of tetrahedra (that are statistically occupied by vanadium and phosphorus atoms) and ZrO6 octahedra. The alkali metal atoms occupy extra-framework sites.
Evaluation of Performance and Tunability of a Co-Flow Inertial Microfluidic Device (2020)

Microfluidics has gained a lot of attention for biological sample separation and purification methods over recent years. From many active and passive microfluidic techniques, inertial microfluidics offers a simple and efficient method to demonstrate various biological applications. One prevalent limitation of this method is its lack of tunability for different applications once the microfluidic devices are fabricated. In this work, we develop and characterize a co-flow inertial microfluidic device that is tunable in multiple ways for adaptation to different application requirements. In particular, flow rate, flow rate ratio and output resistance ratio are systematically evaluated for flexibility of the cutoff size of the device and modification of the separation performance post-fabrication. Typically, a mixture of single size particles is used to determine cutoff sizes for the outlets, yet this fails to provide accurate prediction for efficiency and purity for a more complex biological sample. Thus, we use particles with continuous size distribution (2-32 μm) for separation demonstration under conditions of various flow rates, flow rate ratios and resistance ratios. We also use A549 cancer cell line with continuous size distribution (12-27 μm) as an added demonstration. Our results indicate inertial microfluidic devices possess the tunability that offers multiple ways to improve device performance for adaptation to different applications even after the devices are prototyped.
Use of pathway information in molecular epidemiology (2009)

Candidate gene studies are generally motivated by some form of pathway reasoning in the selection of genes to be studied, but seldom has the logic of the approach been carried through to the analysis. Marginal effects of polymorphisms in the selected genes, and occasionally pairwise gene–gene or gene–environment interactions,are often presented, but a unified approach to modelling the entire pathway has been lacking. In this review, a variety of approaches to this problem is considered, focusing on hypothesis-driven rather than purely exploratory methods. Empirical modelling strategies are based on hierarchical models that allow prior knowledge about the structure of the pathway and the various reactions to be included as ‘prior covariates’. By contrast, mechanistic models aim to describe the reactions through a system of differential equations with rate parameters that can vary between individuals, based on their genotypes. Some ways of combining the two approaches are suggested and Bayesian model averaging methods for dealing with uncertainty about the true model form in either framework is discussed. Biomarker measurements can be incorporated into such analyses, and two-phase sampling designs stratified on some combination of disease, genes and exposures can be an efficient way of obtaining data that would be too expensive or difficult to obtain on a full candidate gene sample. The review concludes with some thoughts about potential uses of pathways in genome-wide association studies.
User-Dependent Neural Sequence Models for Continuous-Time Event Data (2020)

Continuous-time event data are common in applications such as individual behavior data, financial transactions, and medical health records. Modeling such data can be very challenging, in particular for applications with many different types of events, since it requires a model to predict the event types as well as the time of occurrence. Recurrent neural networks that parameterize time-varying intensity functions are the current state-of-the-art for predictive modeling with such data. These models typically assume that all event sequences come from the same data distribution. However, in many applications event sequences are generated by different sources, or users, and their characteristics can be very different. In this paper, we extend the broad class of neural marked point process models to mixtures of latent embeddings, where each mixture component models the characteristic traits of a given user. Our approach relies on augmenting these models with a latent variable that encodes user characteristics, represented by a mixture model over user behavior that is trained via amortized variational inference. We evaluate our methods on four large real-world datasets and demonstrate systematic improvements from our approach over existing work for a variety of predictive metrics such as log-likelihood, next event ranking, and source-of-sequence identification.
Learning by innovating: lessons from China's digital video player industry (2011)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the strategy for latecomers in large developing countries under globalization. The relationship between innovation and learning is deeply studied. Design/methodology/approach The paper formulates an in‐depth case study on the digital video player industry through consideration of government documents, reports, and research papers; intensive interviews; and questionnaire study. Findings The firms in developing countries might be able to innovate before they can match the firms in advanced countries in technological capabilities, and innovation is the most effective way of learning. The firms can achieve competitive advantage owing to the effect of the national value network, the nature of architectural technology, and the relationships between them in product development. The national market should be deliberately taken as a strategic asset for the technological learning and latecomers should learn how to exploit the advantage of globalization. Originality/value The paper tries to understand how firms in developing countries conduct learning by innovating to build their competitive advantages.
Correction: Programmable RNA microstructures for coordinated delivery of siRNAs (2017)

Correction for 'Programmable RNA microstructures for coordinated delivery of siRNAs' by Jaimie Marie Stewart et al., Nanoscale, 2016, 8, 17542-17550.