gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of cardiovascular risk on the diagnostic accuracy of the ultrasound Halo Score for giant cell arteritis (2022)

Elevated CVR may influence the diagnostic accuracy of the US Halo Score for GCA. Thus, CVR should be taken into consideration in the US screening for GCA.
Transcytosis of Staphylococcal Superantigen Toxins (1997)

Staphylococcus aureus produces a set of proteins (e.g., staphylococcal enterotoxin A [SEA], SEB, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 [TSST-1]) which act both as superantigens (SAgs) and toxins. Although their mode of action as SAgs is well understood, little is known about how they enter the body via the intestine and cause food poisoning. To examine this problem we used an in vitro culture system to study the capacity of class II MHC-negative human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) to transcytose several staphylococcal toxins. We found that Caco-2 cells are capable of dose-dependent, facilitated transcytosis of SEB and TSST-1, but not SEA. We extended these studies in vivo in mice by showing that ingested SEB appears in the blood more efficiently than SEA. Our data suggest that these toxins can cross the epithelium in an immunologically intact form. These results may have important implications for the pathogenesis of food poisoning.
CFD Analysis of the Influence of the Front Wing Setup on a Time Attack Sports Car’s Aerodynamics (2021)

In time attack races, aerodynamics plays a vital role in achieving short track times. These races are characterized by frequent braking and acceleration supported by aerodynamic downforce. Usually, typical cars are modified for these races by amateurs. Adjusting the aerodynamic solutions to work with bodies developed for other flow conditions is difficult. This paper presents the results of a numerical analysis of the effects of installing a straight wing in front of or above the body on the modified vehicle system’s aerodynamic characteristics, particularly on the front wheels’ aerodynamic downforce values. The paper presents the methodology and results of calculations of the aerodynamic characteristics of a car with an additional wing placed in various positions in relation to the body. The numerical results are presented (Cd, Cl, Cm, Clf, Clr), as well as exemplary pressure distributions, pathlines, and visualizations of vortex structures. Strong interactions between the wing operation and body streamline structure are shown. An interesting and unexpected result of the analysis is that the possibility of obtaining aerodynamic downforce of the front wheels is identified, without an increase in aerodynamic drag, by means of a wing placed in a proper position in front of the body. A successful attempt to balance the additional downforce coming from the front wing on the front axle is made using a larger spoiler. However, for large angles of attack, periodically unsteady flow is captured with frequency oscillations of ca. 6–12 Hz at a car speed of 40 m/s, which may interfere with the sports car’s natural suspension frequency.
Personal area networks (PAN) : near-field intra-body communication (1995)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Media Arts & Sciences, 1995.
The Phosphorus Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis Range for Potato (2001)

Leaf analysis could assist in adjusting the P fertilization of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) to specific soil–plant systems to achieve high yield conditions. Our objective was to derive and validate Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) norms and ranges for a potato cultivar (Superior) and to compare CND to Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) and the Critical Value Approach (CVA). Survey data were obtained from 563 field observations and validated using 100 independent samples and across four P fertilizer trials. The databases included tuber yield and analyses (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) of the upper fully expanded leaf collected at beginning of bloom. Yield cutoff between low‐ and high‐yield subpopulations, selected from cumulative variance functions across survey data, was 34.1 Mg ha −1 . The sum of squared values of CND indexes was distributed like a chi‐square value. The critical chi‐square value was 4.2. The critical CND P index range was between −0.80 and 0.80. Similar critical values were obtained for the validation population and fertilizer trials. The CND P index appeared symmetrical about the zero nutrient balance and was more closely related to yield compared with DRIS and CVA. The CND provides an inferential (as chi‐square) and symmetrical (about zero balance) diagnosis at low cost, could provide nutrient index ranges adjusted to yield goal, and could thus be developed advantageously for specific soil–plant systems.
Relation Between Therapy-Induced Changes in Natriuretic Peptide Levels and Long-Term Therapeutic Effects on Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction (2019)

Short-term intervention-induced changes in NP levels are not reliable predictors of therapeutic long-term effect on mortality or morbidity outcomes for patients with HFrEF.
Contactless energy transfer using acoustic approach - A review (2014)

A coupled of ultrasonic transducer can act as a power transmission device by means of Acoustic Energy Transfer (AET). This method is relatively new method of contactless energy transfer and could be an alternative to the currently established technologies for the contactless transmission of power, such as inductive power transfer (IPT) and capacitive coupled power transfer (CPT). This paper presents a review on energy transmission through ultrasonic transducers as a source of power that has been applied by various researchers. Through this review, we hope that a better understanding of AET concept can be established and therefore can have a bright future.
SpyCatcher/SpyTag-Mediated Self-Assembly of a Supramolecular Complex for Improved Biocatalytic Production of Trehalose (2019)

Trehalose has been utilized in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to its ability to stabilize biomolecules. In this study, we developed a strategy of constructing a self-assembling supramolecular multienzyme complex for the production of trehalose using SpyCatcher and SpyTag. Maltooligosyl trehalose synthase (MTS) and maltooligosyl trehalose trehalohydrolase (MTH) were fused to SpyCatcher and its corresponding ligand, SpyTag. The fused MTS-SpyCatcher (MTS-SC) and MTH-SpyTag (MTH-ST) self-assembled into a supramolecular multienzyme complex (MTS-MTH) via the isopeptide bonds formed between SpyCatcher and SpyTag. MTS-MTH showed the faster reaction rate, which reached the peak of trehalose conversion rate 10 h earlier than the free enzymes. The results demonstrate that the multienzyme self-assembly via the protein-peptide interactions of SpyCatcher and SpyTag can increase the catalytic efficiency of sequential reactions.
Using Relevance to Reduce Network Size Automatically (1989)

Abstract This paper proposes a means of using the knowledge in a network to determine the functionality or relevance of individual units, both for the purpose of understanding the network's behavior and improving its performance. The basic idea is to iteratively train the network to a certain performance criterion, compute a measure of relevance that identifies which input or hidden units are most critical to performance, and automatically remove the least relevant units. This skeletonization technique can be used to simplify networks by eliminating units that convey redundant information; to improve learning performance by first learning with spare hidden units and then removing the unnecessary ones, thereby constraining generalization; and to understand the behavior of networks in terms of minimal ‘rules’.
Summerfruit tοrtriχ, Adoxophyes orana: life cycle, warning system and control (2017)

The summerfruit tortrix, Adoxophyes orana F.v.R., is a pest which has recently adapted to the intensive culture of apple and pear. The larvae develop primarily on the young leaves and shoots and occasionally feed on the surface of the fruit. Under Swiss conditions there are two flights per year though there are three in Greece with the second and third overlapping. The diapausing larvae hibernate in the third stage (L3) and begin development again in the spring. There are three periods in which the larvae are active. The methods used to sample populations for making management decisions are: visual examination of flower clusters in spring, sex pheromone traps, and visual examination of shoots and fruit in summer. A model describing the life cycle as a function of temperature allows for the determination of the best time to sample damage and to apply treatments with regard to their particular mode of action. Some classical insecticides provide control curatively but efficiency is always reduced against older larvae. The best results are obtained at egg eclosion following the first flight. The insect growth regulator (IGR), fenoxycarb, is very effective when applied in the spring against the last stage larvae (Ls) of the overwintering generation. A specific virus also gives good control in the spring against overwintering larvae. The mating disruption technique and insect growth inhibitors (ICI), which prevent the formation of chitin, are currently being studied. For all the products used to control A. orana, the timing of the application is extremely important in order to obtain the best
Effect of nanosilica on durability and mechanical properties of high-strength concrete (2015)

The effect of amorphous nanosilica particles on the mechanical properties and durability of two high-strength concrete (HSC) mixes was investigated. Nanosilica in powder form was used as a partial replacement of cement at dosages of 1 wt% and 2 wt%, and significant improvements in performance were observed for 2 wt% replacement of cement by nanosilica. Micromechanical studies were performed on the nano-modified HSCs to determine the impact of nanosilica on pozzolanic reactivity. Durability assessments such as the rapid chloride penetration test, water sorptivity test and water absorption test revealed significant resistance to chloride penetration, sorptivity and water absorption. These improvements can be mainly attributed to the larger specific surface area of nanosilica, which effectively stimulates both pozzolanic reactivity and the filler effect over the cementitious matrix.
A survey of pharmacists' roles in gastroenterology and hepatology (2021)

Abstract Introduction Pharmacists' roles have evolved over time to include direct patient care and optimization of medication related outcomes. However, one therapeutic area lacking an evaluation of pharmacist involvement is gastroenterology and hepatology (GI/liver). This area utilizes biologics and other treatment options with considerable cost and safety, thus pharmacists can have a significant impact in caring for patients with GI/liver conditions. Objectives Identify the background training of pharmacists practicing in GI/liver and characterize their current practice landscape. Methods A survey was developed and disseminated through the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) GI/Liver/Nutrition and Ambulatory Practice and Research Networks (PRN) groups and through the American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP) Section of Specialty Pharmacy Practitioners from November 30, 2020 to January 16, 2021. Results Of 42 unique responses received, respondents primarily practiced at an academic medical center in the ambulatory setting. Although respondents reported completing various types of post‐graduate training (residency and fellowship), 55% of respondents endorsed prior exposure to GI/liver during training. Common disease states managed were inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis B and C, and cirrhosis. Half of respondents reported having a collaborative practice agreement and 67% reported independently seeing patients in clinic, developing therapy plans, and ordering/monitoring labs. Approximately 69% do not have dedicated time for research. Only 23% of respondents reported billing for clinical services. Conclusion In this survey, pharmacists are involved in caring for patients with GI/liver conditions under collaborative practice agreements and primarily based in an outpatient clinic. Future growth of pharmacists in this therapeutic space will require increased formalized training of GI/liver conditions and strategies to optimize reimbursement.
Unsupervised speaker adaptation for speaker independent acoustic to articulatory speech inversion (2019)

Speech inversion is a well-known ill-posed problem and addition of speaker differences typically makes it even harder. Normalizing the speaker differences is essential to effectively using multi-speaker articulatory data for training a speaker independent speech inversion system. This paper explores a vocal tract length normalization (VTLN) technique to transform the acoustic features of different speakers to a target speaker acoustic space such that speaker specific details are minimized. The speaker normalized features are then used to train a deep feed-forward neural network based speech inversion system. The acoustic features are parameterized as time-contextualized mel-frequency cepstral coefficients. The articulatory features are represented by six tract-variable (TV) trajectories, which are relatively speaker invariant compared to flesh point data. Experiments are performed with ten speakers from the University of Wisconsin X-ray microbeam database. Results show that the proposed speaker normalization approach provides an 8.15% relative improvement in correlation between actual and estimated TVs as compared to the system where speaker normalization was not performed. To determine the efficacy of the method across datasets, cross speaker evaluations were performed across speakers from the Multichannel Articulatory-TIMIT and EMA-IEEE datasets. Results prove that the VTLN approach provides improvement in performance even across datasets.
Autophagy Controls the Kinetics and Extent of Mitochondrial Apoptosis by Regulating PUMA Levels (2014)

Macroautophagy is thought to protect against apoptosis; however, underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We examined how autophagy affects canonical death receptor-induced mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and apoptosis. MOMP occurs at variable times in a population of cells, and this is delayed by autophagy. Additionally, autophagy leads to inefficient MOMP, after which some cells die through a slower process than typical apoptosis and, surprisingly, can recover and divide afterward. These effects are associated with p62/SQSTM1-dependent selective autophagy causing PUMA levels to be kept low through an indirect mechanism whereby autophagy affects constitutive levels of PUMA mRNA. PUMA depletion is sufficient to prevent the sensitization to apoptosis that occurs when autophagy is blocked. Autophagy can therefore control apoptosis via a key regulator that makes MOMP faster and more efficient, thus ensuring rapid completion of apoptosis. This identifies a molecular mechanism whereby cell-fate decisions can be determined by autophagy.
Heterocyclization reactions involving thiols (2006)

Information on the syntheses of sulfur-containing heterocycles involving thiols is systematized and generalized. Data on biological action of some among these systems are mentioned.
Supplemental Figure 1 from Phase II Trial of Alisertib in Combination with Irinotecan and Temozolomide for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1&lt;/p&gt;
NSD2 maintains lineage plasticity and castration-resistance in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (2023)

The clinical use of potent androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors has promoted the emergence of novel subtypes of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), including neuroendocrine prostate cancer (CRPC-NE), which is highly aggressive and lethal <sup>1</sup> . These mCRPC subtypes display increased lineage plasticity and often lack AR expression <sup>2-5</sup> . Here we show that neuroendocrine differentiation and castration-resistance in CRPC-NE are maintained by the activity of Nuclear Receptor Binding SET Domain Protein 2 (NSD2) <sup>6</sup> , which catalyzes histone H3 lysine 36 dimethylation (H3K36me2). We find that organoid lines established from genetically-engineered mice <sup>7</sup> recapitulate key features of human CRPC-NE, and can display transdifferentiation to neuroendocrine states in culture. CRPC-NE organoids express elevated levels of NSD2 and H3K36me2 marks, but relatively low levels of H3K27me3, consistent with antagonism of EZH2 activity by H3K36me2. Human CRPC-NE but not primary NEPC tumors expresses high levels of NSD2, consistent with a key role for NSD2 in lineage plasticity, and high NSD2 expression in mCRPC correlates with poor survival outcomes. Notably, CRISPR/Cas9 targeting of <i>NSD2</i> or expression of a dominant-negative oncohistone H3.3K36M mutant results in loss of neuroendocrine phenotypes and restores responsiveness to the AR inhibitor enzalutamide in mouse and human CRPC-NE organoids and grafts. Our findings indicate that NSD2 inhibition can reverse lineage plasticity and castration-resistance, and provide a potential new therapeutic target for CRPC-NE.
Can Mass Spectrometric Protein Profiling Meet Desired Standards of Clinical Laboratory Practice? (2004)

This issue of Clinical Chemistry contains a report describing interlaboratory comparison of a prostate cancer test based on profiling of serum proteins by mass spectrometry (1). This report is relevant to the recent controversy regarding the diagnostic potential and reliability of this approach to the diagnosis of cancer or other diseases (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). This controversy has raised questions regarding whether mass spectrometric profiling of proteins can achieve standards of reproducibility and performance that are expected of clinical tests. Semmes et al. (1) examine whether different laboratories can achieve equivalent results on split specimens. These efforts are commendable starts to issues of standardization, calibration, and quality control (QC), all important elements in the transition of this technology from the discovery phase to clinical application. However, their report also exemplifies how initial efforts to apply this technology have not yet met the desired standards of clinical laboratory practice.

Although proteomic profiling has provided breakthroughs in the discovery of new disease markers, initial discovery methods generally have been poorly suited for clinical applications. Marker discovery methods typically have not incorporated principles applied to existing clinical laboratory applications of profiling methods, such as serum protein electrophoresis, amino acid analyses, or tandem mass spectrometric screening for inborn errors. Some lessons from clinical experience include the importance of (a) use of internal standards for mass spectrometry, (b) identifying measured components, (c) developing standards for calibration and QC, (d) identifying peaksets in spectra, and (e) applying established standards for method evaluation (9), e.g., measures of reproducibility, detection limits, linearity, and recovery; evaluation of calibration curves, potential interferences, reference intervals, and peak characteristics; and separations …
Pulsed Gas Introduction for Increasing Peptide CID Efficiency in a MALDI/Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (1996)

A pulsed valve was used for studying the effects of introducing heavy gases at different stages of operation of a quadrupole ion trap and for increasing the efficiency of collision-induced dissociation (CID) of peptide ions at low values of the Mathieu parametere qz. When amounts of heavy gases comparable to that of the helium buffer gas were introduced during the ion trapping, ion isolation, and mass spectral recording stages, the effects on performance were generally small or negative. However, injection of heavy gases during CID provided considerable improvement in fragmentation efficiency that depended upon the particular gas used, its mass and pressure, and the amplitude of the excitation voltage. Efficient peptide fragmentation could be demonstrated for values of qz as low as 0.05, which permitted trapping of low-mass product ions and (in many cases) full recovery of the amino acid sequence. In this report, examples are provided of monoisotopic tandem mass spectra of peptide ions with masses up to 1570 Da.
Trehalose metabolism--new horizons in technological applications. (1995)

Trehalose is responsible for the survival of anhydrobiotic organisms when under stress. Trehalose is a unique, non-reducing, extremely stable disaccharide which is able to protect proteins and membranes from damage caused by freezing, high temperatures and dehydration. Yeasts accumulate large amounts of trehalose and constitute excellent models for studying the response of eucaryotic cells to diverse stresses. The regulation of trehalose metabolism is reviewed and new technological applications for preservation of biological materials are discussed.
URINARY EXCRETION OF OESTRONE, OESTRADIOL-17β AND OESTRIOL IN PREGNANCIES COMPLICATED BY STEROID SULPHATASE DEFICIENCY (1979)

SUMMARY The urinary excretion of oestrone, oestradiol-17β and oestriol was measured by gas–liquid chromatography in 24 h urine specimens, collected after 34 weeks of gestation from each of eight women whose pregnancies were complicated by steroid sulphatase deficiency and from each of 21 pregnant women without this complication. Mean (± s.d. ) values μmol/24 h, sulphatase deficient; normal) were: oestrone, 0·7 ± 0·2; 2·5 ± 1·3; oestradiol-17β, 0·5 ± 0·2; 1·6 ± 0·5: oestriol, 2·0 ± 0·9; 54·4 ± 19·9. Thus, mean oestrone and oestradiol-17β excretions were only 30% of normal whilst mean oestriol excretion was reduced by more than 90%. Consequently, the mean ratio of urinary oestriol/(oestrone + oestradiol-17β changed from 13·7 ± 2·3 in normal pregnancy to 1·6 ± 0·6 in pregnancies complicated by steroid sulphatase deficiency. The greater fall in oestriol excretion in this condition, in comparison with that of oestrone and oestradiol-17β, emphasizes the importance of conjugated 16-oxygenated C 19 steroids in the biosynthesis of oestriol in human pregnancy. The change in the relative proportions of the three urinary oestrogens implies that in the precursor pool of normal pregnancy the concentration of 16-oxy-C 19 steroids relative to that of the 16-deoxy-C 19 steroids, is much greater in the sulphate fraction than it is in the unconjugated fraction. The measurement of the urinary oestriol/(oestrone+oestradiol-17β) ratio may have the potential to make it possible to distinguish, before birth, between pregnancies complicated by steroid sulphatase deficiency and those with foetal adrenal hypoplasia.
241. Arylpyridines. Part IV. 3- and 4-Pyridyldiphenyls (1940)

I. M. Heilbron, D. H. Hey and A. Lambert, J. Chem. Soc., 1940, 1279 DOI: 10.1039/JR9400001279
Comparaison de méthodes de calibrage du centre de phase d'antennes GPS (2003)

Cet article presente deux methodes de calibrage d'antennes GPS. La premiere est effectuee sur le terrain en mode relatif en utilisant une poutrelle de calibrage. La seconde utilise des observations effectuees dans une chambre anechoique. Une comparaison des deux methodes en mode relatif a ete effectuee au niveau des composantes du centre de phase moyen, des precisions de ces dernieres et des residuelles du centre de phase issues du calibrage. Les resultats montrent que les ecarts entre les deux methodes sont moindres que 2 millimetres meme si elles utilisent des approches completement differentes.