gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of resveratrol in Burgundy wines (1993)

Abstract Recent studies have shown that resveratrol (3,5,4'‐trihydroxystilbene), a phytoalexin related to grape disease resistance, could occur in American and Bordeaux wines. It was also suggested that resveratrol might have cardioprotective activities in humans, as a result of drinking wine. We report here the presence of this compound in Burgundy wines. Analysis of resveratrol in wine was carried out using gas chromatography and gas chromatography—mass spectrometry.
Competition between shear and biaxial extensional viscous dissipation in the expansion dynamics of Newtonian and rheo-thinning liquid sheets (2021)

When a drop of fluid hits a small solid target of comparable size, it expands radially until reaching a maximum diameter and subsequently recedes. In this work, we show that the expansion process of liquid sheets is controlled by a combination of shear (on the target) and biaxial extensional (in the air) deformations. We propose an approach toward a rational description of the phenomenon for Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids by evaluating the viscous dissipation due to shear and extensional deformations, yielding a prediction of the maximum expansion factor of the sheet as a function of the relevant viscosity. For Newtonian systems, biaxial extensional and shear viscous dissipation are of the same order of magnitude. On the contrary, for thinning solutions of supramolecular polymers, shear dissipation is negligible compared to biaxial extensional dissipation and the biaxial thinning extensional viscosity is the appropriate quantity to describe the maximum expansion of the sheets. Moreover, we show that the rate-dependent biaxial extensional viscosities deduced from drop impact experiments are in good quantitative agreement with previous experimental data and theoretical predictions for various viscoelastic liquids.
Glycosaminoglycan-Binding Hydrogels Enable Mechanical Control of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Self-Renewal (2012)

Reaping the promise of human embryonic stem (hES) cells hinges on effective defined culture conditions. Efforts to identify chemically defined environments for hES cell propagation would benefit from understanding the relevant functional properties of the substratum. Biological materials are often employed as substrata, but their complexity obscures a molecular level analysis of their relevant attributes. Because the properties of hydrogels can be tuned and altered systematically, these materials can reveal the impact of substratum features on cell fate decisions. By tailoring the peptide displayed to cells and the substrate mechanical properties, a hydrogel was generated that binds hES cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and functions robustly in a defined culture medium to support long-term hES cell self-renewal. A key attribute of the successful GAG-binding hydrogels is their stiffness. Only stiff substrates maintain hES cell proliferation and pluripotency. These findings indicate that cells can respond to mechanical information transmitted via GAG engagement. Additionally, we found that the stiff matrices afforded activation of the paralogous proteins YAP/TAZ, which are transcriptional coactivators implicated in mechanosensing and hES cell pluripotency. These results indicate that the substratum mechanics can be tuned to activate specific pathways linked to pluripotency. Because several different hES and induced pluripotent stem cell lines respond similarly, we conclude that stiff substrata are more effective for the long-term propagation of human pluripotent stem cells.
Integrated, automated maintenance, expansion and differentiation of 2D and 3D patient-derived cellular models for high throughput drug screening (2021)

Patient-derived cellular models become an increasingly powerful tool to model human diseases for precision medicine approaches. The identification of robust cellular disease phenotypes in these models paved the way towards high throughput screenings (HTS) including the implementation of laboratory advanced automation. However, maintenance and expansion of cells for HTS remains largely manual work. Here, we describe an integrated, complex automated platform for HTS in a translational research setting also designed for maintenance and expansion of different cell types. The comprehensive design allows automation of all cultivation steps and is flexible for development of methods for variable cell types. We demonstrate protocols for controlled cell seeding, splitting and expansion of human fibroblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), and neural progenitor cells (NPC) that allow for subsequent differentiation into different cell types and image-based multiparametric screening. Furthermore, we provide automated protocols for neuronal differentiation of NPC in 2D culture and 3D midbrain organoids for HTS. The flexibility of this multitask platform makes it an ideal solution for translational research settings involving experiments on different patient-derived cellular models for precision medicine.
Amniotic Fluid Components as Determinants of Fetal Maturity (1975)

In order to evaluate the most reliable means of determining fetal maturity, six amniotic fluid components were analyzed from 99 women who were 22 to 40 weeks pregnant. The six parameters investigated were: amylase activity the lecithin to sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio, percentage of fat cells, and the concentrations of protein, creatinine, and bilrubin. In general, single components and combinations of two or three of the tests did not significantly enhance the predictive accuracy or reduce the error from that obtained with the L/S ratio used alone.
When Cell Phones Become Computers (2009)

Atom-powered cell phones are a likely consequence of the current mobile-processor design trends. By integrating a smart phone with a logical frame-buffer architecture and wireless display, they're well positioned to overcome current user interface limitations, and provide mobile users with a full x86 compatible PC experience. On the other hand, check out all the latest reviews of Moorestown, and judge for yourself. Is Atom just another processor family that will support a market for low-end laptops, or is it a game changer for cell phones that will revolutionize how we think about pervasive computing, and make smart phones even smarter?
Sequence Determinants for the Recognition of the Fork Junction DNA Containing the −10 Region of Promoter DNA by E. coli RNA Polymerase (2000)

It has been recently suggested that E. coli RNA polymerase can specifically recognize a fork junction DNA structure, suggesting a possible role for such interaction in promoter DNA melting [Guo, Y., and Gralla, J. D. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 11655-11660]. We have determined here quantitatively, using a site-specific binding assay, the effects of base substitutions within the conserved -10 hexamer in the context of a short fork junction DNA on binding to RNA polymerase. Adenine at position -11 and thymine at position -7 were found to be critical for sequence-specific recognition of the DNA. The identities of bases at positions -9 and -8 were found to be not important for the binding whereas replacement of bases at positions -12 and -10 had a mild negative effect on the binding affinity. It was found that for the binding of fork DNA to RNA polymerase, specific sequence recognition was more important than specific recognition of fork junction DNA structure. The pattern of relative importance of bases in the -10 region for binding RNA polymerase was generally consistent with the sequence conservation pattern observed in nature where positions -11 and -7 are the most conserved. Binding experiments with a series of adenine analogues at position -11 revealed that the N1 nitrogen of adenine was a critical determinant for the preference of the adenine at this position, suggesting a mechanism for the nucleation of promoter DNA melting initiation in which RNA polymerase destabilizes duplex DNA by directly competing with the thymine of the A-T base pair for hydrogen bonding to the N1 position of the -11 nontemplate strand adenine.
A top-down approach using X-ray imaging techniques : instrumental developments and applications in life science (2008)

Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence micro- and nanobeam techniques at second- and third generation SR sources offer the potential of non-destructive multi-element analysis down to trace concentration levels with unrivalled spatial resolution among X-ray based analytical techniques. At these sources, relative detection limits at the sub-ppm (fg/ng) level can be achieved. With respect to absolute detection limits (DL), sub-micron sized X-ray beams can offer DLs below 1 ag for the most efficiently excited transition elements, with a potential lateral resolution level better than 100 nm. These characteristics of micro/nanobeam SR-XRF allow spatially resolved multi-element determination of major, minor and trace constituents in microscopic sub areas and volumes within biological specimens in an essentially non-destructive/non-invasive manner. However, the complexity of performing such an experiment is often quite considerable, involving dedicated sample preparation, transportation towards and experimenting at the synchrotron facility, installing an appropriate experimental set-up and performing a thorough data analysis on large amounts of spectral data. The ecotoxicological research on Daphnia magna, a frequently used model organism for investigating the mechanisms of toxicity of metals, has often been difficult because many analytical techniques are not able to investigate trace metal distributions in a spatially resolved manner at a (sub)microscopic resolution. As illustrated by this presentation, SR-XRF microanalysis allows to fill this gap and moreover, due to the variety in sizes of X-ray beams available, this research can be performed from the organism level towards the tissue and cellular level, representing a top-down approach.
QPM grating design for novel PPLN structures (2009)

This thesis describes a series of theoretical and experimental studies into modifying the phasematching characteristics of nonlinear parametric interactions, specifically second harmonic generation, using quasi-phase-matched structures. The use of quasi-phase-matching by periodic poling affords a flexibility in designing tailored phase-matching characteristics not offered by alternative techniques. In this work phase matching characteristics are modified to provide enhanced acceptance bandwidths, compensation for focusing effects and high power operation. The first result of this work describes the design and manufacture of 20mm long LiNbO3 aperiodic quasi-phase matched devices for the generation of stable second harmonic power across wide temperature ranges. Theoretical simulations have demonstrated constant power output over a range of 9C. Providing over 35 times the bandwidth of equivalent length periodic structures, whilst offering almost an order of magnitude efficiency enhancement over periodic devices with the same bandwidth. Experimental verification of these devices has shown that stable power can be obtained across wide temperature ranges with only slight deviation from theory. Additionally, an investigation into the effects of focusing on second harmonic generation is undertaken. In this work the Gouy phase of a focused beam has been analytically identified as the source of dephasing in bulk nonlinear interactions, causing such effects as back conversion, reduced efficiency and errors in the phase matching condition. A method to negate these effects, using a modified QPM structure has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Finally, simultaneous compensation of both the Gouy phase and focused intensity variation has been applied to aperiodic, wide temperature bandwidth devices. Removal of these deleterious effects has been shown theoretically to correct the experimentally observed bandwidth errors, resulting in the focused interactions performing identically to plane-wave simulations.
Revisiting metatropic dysplasia: Presentation of a series of 19 novel patients and review of the literature (2008)

Metatropic dysplasia (MD-OMIM: 156530 and 250600) is a rare chondrodysplasia characterized by short limbs with limitation and enlargement of joints and usually severe kyphoscoliosis, first described in 1893. Up until now, 81 other patients have been reported. The phenotypic variability of MD has led to a classification based on radiological anomalies dividing into three different types: a lethal autosomal recessive form, an autosomal recessive non-lethal form and a non-lethal autosomal dominant form with less severe radiographs manifestations and a better clinical outcome. Here, we report on clinical and radiological features of 19 novel MD patients. We describe new radiological features, including precocious calcification of hyoid and cricoid cartilage, irregular and squared-off calcaneal bones and severe hypoplasia of the anterior portion of first cervical vertebrae. In addition, the observation of an overlap between the autosomal recessive non-lethal form and the non-lethal autosomal dominant form, the rarity of sibship recurrences and the observation of vertical transmissions of MD in the literature argue in favor of an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance for all MD types. This hypothesis is reinforced by the use of the statistical single ascertainment method that rejects the hypothesis of an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance responsible for MD. Therefore, we propose that recurrence in sibs is due to gonadal mosaicism.
Natural lunar seismic events and the structure of the moon (1975)

The gross structure of the moon may be determined from natural seismic events, supplemented by artificial impacts at close ranges. The moon has a rigid mantle below a layered crust. At a depth of 500-850 km there is a decrease in S-velocity and an increase in attenuation; the preferred depth for this change is 600 km. The simultaneous occurrence of these phenomena indicates a small amount of melt below this depth. Deep focus moonquakes lie below the decrease in S-velocity at depths of about 650-950 km. Good estimates of the depth of shallow focus moonquakes are not available, but they may be releasing tectonic stress.
Inhibition of Tat-mediated Transactivation and HIV-1 Replication by Human Anti-hCyclinT1 Intrabodies (2003)

Human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) replication requires the interaction of Tat protein with the human cyclinT1 (hCyclinT1) subunit of the positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb) complex, which then cooperatively binds to transactivation response element (TAR) RNA to transactivate HIV transcription. In this report, a non-immune human single-chain antibody (sFv) phage display library was used to isolate anti-hCyclinT1 sFvs that could disrupt hCyclinT1-Tat interactions. The N-terminal 272 residues of hCyclinT1, including the entire cyclin domains and the Tat.TAR recognition motif (TRM), that fully support Tat transactivation was used for panning, and of the five unique anti-hCyclinT1 sFvs that were obtained, three bound to the cyclin box domains and two bound to TRM. All sFvs could be expressed as intrabodies at high levels in transiently transfected 293T and in stable Jurkat and SupT1 transfectants and could specifically co-immunoprecipitate co-expressed hCyclinT1 in 293T cells with varying efficacy without disrupting hCyclinT1-Cdk9 interactions. In addition, two sFv clones (3R6-1 and 2R6-21) that mapped to the cyclin box domains markedly inhibited Tat-mediated transactivation in several transiently transfected cell lines without inhibiting basal transcription or inducing apoptosis. When HIV-1 challenge studies were performed on stable 3R6-1-expressing Jurkat T cells, near complete inhibition of viral replication was obtained at a low challenge dose, and 74-88% inhibition to HIV-1 replication was achieved at a high infection dose in SupT1 cells. These results provide proof-in-principle that anti-hCyclinT1 intrabodies can be designed to block HIV-1 replication without causing cellular toxicity, and as a result, they may be useful agents for "intracellular immunization"-based gene therapy strategies for HIV-1 infection/AIDS.
Operation of a low temperature absorption chiller at rating point and at reduced evaporator temperature. Final report (1985)

The returned SAM 015 (fifteen ton Solar Absorption Machine) chiller was given a cursory visual inspection, some obvious problems were remedied, and then it was placed on a test stand to get a measure of dirty performance. It was then given a standard acid clean, the water side of the tubes was brushed clean, and then the machine was retested. The before and after cleaning data were compared to equivalent data taken before the machine was shipped. The second part of our work statement was to experimentally demonstrate the technical feasibility of operating the chiller at evaporator temperatures below O/sup 0/C (32/sup 0/F) and identify any operational problems.
S. aureus‐dependent microglial activation is selectively attenuated by the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15‐deoxy‐Δ12,14‐ prostaglandin J2 (15d‐PGJ2) (2004)

Microglial activation is a hallmark of brain abscess. The continual release of proinflammatory mediators by microglia following bacterial challenge may contribute, in part, to the destruction of surrounding normal tissue characteristic of brain abscess. Therefore, attenuating chronic microglial activation during the course of CNS bacterial infections may have therapeutic benefits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of the natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist 15-deoxy-Delta12,14- prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) to modulate microglial activation in response to Staphylococcus aureus, one of the main etiologic agents of brain abscess in humans. 15d-PGJ2 was a potent inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-12 p40) and CC chemokine (MIP-1beta, MCP-1) production in primary microglia, but had no effect upon the expression of select CXC chemokines (MIP-2, KC). 15d-PGJ2 also selectively inhibited the S. aureus-dependent increase in microglial TLR2, CD14, MHC class II, and CD40 expression, whereas it had no effect on the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. Microarray analysis revealed additional inflammatory mediators modulated by 15d-PGJ2 in primary microglia following S. aureus exposure, the majority of which were chemokines. These results suggest that suppressing microglial activation through the use of 15d-PGJ2 may lead to the sparing of damage to normal brain parenchyma that often results from brain abscess.
Lipoprotein lipase variants interact with polyunsaturated fatty acids to modulate obesity traits in Puerto Ricans (1037.7) (2014)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a candidate gene for obesity based on its role in metabolism of lipids and fatty acids. Our objective was to define the interaction between dietary fatty acids and LPL variants to modulate obesity traits. Based on known association with blood lipids and obesity, five single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs320, rs2083637, rs17411031, rs13702, rs2197089) were selected for the analysis in 1171 participants (333 men and 838 women, aged 45‐75 y) of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. rs320 interacted with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), respectively, in both categorical (P=0.01 and 0.02) and continuous analysis (P=0.009 and 0.004). Higher intake of PUFA was associated with lower BMI and WC, respectively, in major allele homozygotes (TT) according to both categorical (P=0.03 and 0.01) and continuous analysis (P=0.01 and 0.004) but not in carriers of the minor allele (TG+GG). The other variants showed no such associations. To conclude, dietary PUFA interacted with LPL rs320 for anthropometric traits in a Puerto Rican population. These interactions may have implications for genotype‐based dietary recommendations for obesity prevention in US Hispanics. Grant Funding Source : P01AG023394, HL54776, DK075030, 53‐K06‐5‐10, 58‐1950‐9‐001
Reduced bovine hemoglobin solution evaluated for use as a blood gas quality-control material (1993)

We evaluated a new commercially available partially purified reduced bovine hemoglobin solution (RBHS) and a new tonometer for use in the quality control of blood gas analyzers. RBHS is manufactured in three different formulations, each corresponding to three different bicarbonate-buffering capacities and concentrations of total hemoglobin (ctHb). The P50 for each formulation of RBHS was determined to be as follows: 30.6 mmHg (4.08 kPa) for Level 1, 29.1 mmHg (3.88 kPa) for Level 2, and 28.2 mmHg (3.76 kPa) for Level 3. When RBHS and human blood samples were tonometered at three clinically significant values of PO2 and PCO2, the recovered values for PO2 and PCO2 in RBHS were comparable with those of the tonometered whole blood. Each level of RBHS also produced precise pH (SD < or = 0.006 pH units) and ctHb (SD = 1.0 g/L) values. In addition, when the temperature of a sample chamber was intentionally altered, the changes in RBHS blood gas values closely approximated the changes seen with human blood. RBHS shows more thermal sensitivity than either perfluorocarbon emulsions or aqueous buffers, which are currently being used as quality-control and proficiency testing materials.
Phosphorylation of histones in cells treated with hypertonic and acidic media. (1984)

Factors in the extracellular environment, specifically hypertonic or acidic growth media, are shown to alter the modification of histones in several cell lines. For histone 2A, changes in modification were visible in the mass pattern and were found to be primarily changes in phosphorylation. The increased modification of the core histones was quickly reversed when cells were returned to normal medium.
Link weight optimization for routing in communication networks (2010)

In the shortest path routing algorithm for communication networks, the end-to-end path of each session is found such that the sum of weights of links on the path is minimized. Hence, to find a `good' path for each session, it is important to assign the appropriate weight to each link in the network. In this paper, we study this problem considering the utilization of each link. Since this problem is known to be NP-hard[1], we use a heuristic approach. Our algorithm is based on the simulated annealing algorithm. However, with taking into account the properties of our problem, we modify the basic simulated annealing algorithm, which results in a faster and more robust convergence.
Neural Internet: Web Surfing with Brain Potentials for the Completely Paralyzed (2006)

Neural Internet is a new technological advancement in brain-computer interface research, which enables locked-in patients to operate a Web browser directly with their brain potentials. Neural Internet was successfully tested with a locked-in patient diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis rendering him the first paralyzed person to surf the Internet solely by regulating his electrical brain activity. The functioning of Neural Internet and its clinical implications for motor-impaired patients are highlighted.