gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical scheduling and uniform access programming frameworks for hetergeneous CPU-GPU computing clusters (2015)

The advance of the GPU hardware architecture has made GPUs attractive devices for general- purpose computing. Modern GPUs are equipped with an increasing number of cores, a flexible memory hierarchy, and a large memory capacity. While the computational power of modern GPU devices has allowed their introduction in high-performance computing (HPC) clusters and the efficient processing of ever larger workloads, existing software components for HPC clusters still offer basic support for hardware heterogeneity and often cause performance limitations in the presence of GPU devices. In particular, two kinds of limitations are associated with these software components: runtime support and programmability. We found that these limitations are due to the fact that existing software frameworks for heterogeneous clusters treat GPUs as dedicated coprocessor devices. In this dissertation, we propose two software frameworks for addressing the performance and hardware underutilization issues found in heterogeneous CPU-GPU clusters as well as increasing their programmability. Our frameworks provide a uniform view of compute resources and treat CPUs and GPUs equally as first-class resources, allowing efficient management of heterogeneous compute resources. First, we propose a hierarchical scheduling framework consisting of a node-level runtime and a cluster-level scheduler that provides abstraction of heterogeneous compute resources at different granularities. This hierarchical framework targets existing applications and does not require their modification. In the node-level runtime, we identify and design mechanisms, such as virtual GPUs, GPU virtual memory, dynamic load balancing and pre-emption, which are necessary to support efficient sharing and load balancing schemes for GPUs within a compute node. In the cluster-level scheduler, we introduce mechanisms to abstract compute nodes and perform load balancing in concert with the node-level runtime. Our hierarchical scheduling framework allows supporting different load balancing policies and does not require additional inputs (such as profiling information) from users. Second, we propose a programming framework based on a novel memory and execution model. Our memory model hides disjoint addressing spaces (corresponding to different CPUs, GPUs and compute nodes) and provides a view of a single virtual memory space that can be accessed by all compute resources in a heterogeneous cluster. Our execution model provides uniform access to compute resources and allows our framework to treat all CPUs and GPUs equally and to access data in the virtual memory space.
Design and fabrication of a metal core PVDF fiber for an air flow sensor (2015)

To track prey or avoid predators, many arthropods can detect variations in airflow and pressure gradients using an array of very thin and sensitive filiform hairs. In this study, metal core piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibers were prepared to mimic such hair sensors. The flexibility of the fibers was very good, which was helpful for overcoming the typical brittleness of piezoelectric ceramic fibers. At the same time, the diameter of the fibers was very small (down to 50 μm in diameter). In order to mimic the insects' hairs to the maximum extent, which was expected to greatly improve the sensitivity of such PVDF fiber-based sensors, a feasible process to prepare and extract electrodes on the surface of the fibers had to be developed. Compared with stainless steel filament-core fibers, the molybdenum filament-core PVDF fibers were easy to stretch. The molybdenum filament was then covered by a cylindrical PVDF layer with a diameter of 400 μm. One half of the longitudinal surface of the fibers was spray-coated with a conductive silver adhesive. The metal core was then used as one electrode, and the conductive silver adhesive was used as the other electrode. After polarization, a single metal-core PVDF fiber could be used as an airflow sensor. The surface structure and the sections of the PVDF fiber were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results of the mechanical stretching tests showed that the metal core greatly enhanced the mechanical properties of the PVDF fibers. X-ray diffraction revealed that the greater the stretching ratio, the higher the α-to-β-phase conversion rate during the preparation of the PVDF fibers. A single metal-core PVDF fiber was used as a bionic airflow sensor, and a mechanical model of this sensor was derived. The airflow sensing capability of the PVDF fiber was experimentally confirmed in a miniature wind tunnel. The results showed that a cantilevered metal-core PVDF fiber is capable of detecting the range and direction of the surrounding airflow variations. The experimental results also verified the theoretical model.
The use of oxygen indicators - elements of intelligent packaging for monitoring of food quality (2014)

Background: Producers and researchers are looking at not only the methods of protection against ingress of oxygen into the package, but also want to provide consumers with guarantees of quality food they buy. Therefore, large-scale studies are conducted and implementation of intelligent packaging. The operation of these packages is the use of interactive, the most colorful indicators to assess the quality of the packaged product.&#13;\n&#13;\n\tMethods: This article describes intelligent packaging technologies and presents research for different types of oxygen indicators.&#13;\n&#13;\n\tResults and conclusion: Indicators for the detection of oxygen allows the consumer to provide some information on the suitability of the product for consumption. Apart from that, they are a simple tool that allows you to reduce the costs associated with loss replacement, repair damaged products or their disposal. Construction of indicator contained in the package is related to the specific product and factor to be controlled.
“Zoeppritz” rationalized, and generalized to anisotropic media (1990)

This paper is meant to be a guide through a labyrinth of reflectivity and transmissivity at interfaces between anisotropic elastic media. The Zoeppritz equations for isotropic plane-wave reflection and transmission coefficients are cast in a form from which explicit elementary expressions for the reflectivity and transmissivity matrices are derived in terms of four submatrices of the Zoeppritz coefficient matrix, two submatrices associated with each of the two media. The two submatrices associated with a medium are also the building blocks for a simple construction of the propagator matrix for a layer of that medium. All expressions are applicable to anisotropic media, subject to the requirement that the media involved must be at least monoclinic with a mirror plane of symmetry parallel to the reflecting plane. The submatrices associated with a medium depend only on the elastic properties of that medium and are functions of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Christoffel equations governing plane-wave propagation in the medium. The advantages of this approach to reflectivity are (a) heuristic and (b) it allows a programmer to further modularize computer codes needed for computation of reflection coefficients and propagator matrices in anisotropic elastic layered media programs. Some curious results concerning reflectivity between isotropic and orthorhombic media are presented.
Synergy Between Trehalose and Hsp104 for Thermotolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)

Abstract We isolated a mutant strain unable to acquire heat shock resistance in stationary phase. Two mutations contributed to this phenotype. One mutation was at the TPS2locus, which encodes trehalose-6phosphate phosphatase. The mutant fails to make trehalose and accumulates trehalose-6-phosphate. The other mutation was at the HSP104 locus. Gene disruptions showed that tps2 and hsp104 null mutants each produced moderate heat shock sensitivity in stationary phase cells. The two mutations were synergistic and the double mutant had little or no stationary phase-induced heat shock resistance. The same effect was seen in the tps1 (trehalose-6phosphate synthase) hsp104 double mutant, suggesting that the extreme heat shock sensitivity was due mainly to a lack of trehalose rather than to the presence of trehalose-6 phosphate. However, accumulation of trehalose-6-phosphate did cause some phenotypes in the tps2 mutant, such as temperature sensitivity for growth. Finally, we isolated a high copy number suppressor of the temperature sensitivity of tps2, which we call PMU1, which reduced the levels of trehalose-6-phosphate in tps2 mutants. The encoded protein has a region homologous to the active site of phosphomutases.
Zirconium bis(pyridonate): a modified amidate complex for enhanced substrate scope in aminoalkene cyclohydroamination (2009)

A new bis(amidate)zirconium bis(amido) hydroamination pre-catalyst using 6-tert-butyl-3-phenyl-2-pyridone as a proligand has been prepared and characterized. This rare example of an early transition metal complex incorporating a 2-pyridonate derivative as an ancillary ligand was found to be effective for the cyclohydroamination of aminoalkenes, including more challenging substrates bearing unactivated internal C=C bonds.
APPARATUS. (1898)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAPPARATUS.A. H. GillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1898, 20, 12, 81–82Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1898Publication History Published online26 September 2008Published inissue 1 December 1898https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02074a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02074a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spectroscopic properties of photosynthetic reaction centers. 1. Theory (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectroscopic properties of photosynthetic reaction centers. 1. TheoryArieh Warshel and William W. ParsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 20, 6143–6152Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00254a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00254a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views451Altmetric-Citations207LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Learning Perspective Undistortion of Portraits (2019)

Near-range portrait photographs often contain perspective distortion artifacts that bias human perception and challenge both facial recognition and reconstruction techniques. We present the first deep learning based approach to remove such artifacts from unconstrained portraits. In contrast to the previous state-of-the-art approach, our method handles even portraits with extreme perspective distortion, as we avoid the inaccurate and error-prone step of first fitting a 3D face model. Instead, we predict a distortion correction flow map that encodes a per-pixel displacement that removes distortion artifacts when applied to the input image. Our method also automatically infers missing facial features, i.e. occluded ears caused by strong perspective distortion, with coherent details. We demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms the previous state-of-the-art both qualitatively and quantitatively, particularly for portraits with extreme perspective distortion or facial expressions. We further show that our technique benefits a number of fundamental tasks, significantly improving the accuracy of both face recognition and 3D reconstruction and enables a novel camera calibration technique from a single portrait. Moreover, we also build the first perspective portrait database with a large diversity in identities, expression and poses, which will benefit the related research in this area.
ChemInform Abstract: UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN VERBINDUNGEN MIT ANTIBLASTISCHER WIRKSAMKEIT 44. MITT. SYNTH. VON AMINO‐DERIVATEN DES BENZO(F)‐ UND DES BENZO(H)PYRROLO(1,2‐A)CHINOXALINS, WELCHE DEM 6‐AMINO‐CHRYSEN VERWANDT SIND (1972)

Abstract Das durch Kupplung mit Benzoldiazoniumchlorid (II) und anschließende katalytische Hydrierung aus dem Pyrryl‐amino‐naphthalin (I) erhaltene Diamin (IV) läßt sich mit Ameisensäure zum Benzo(f)pyrrolo(1,2,‐a)chinoxalin (V) cyclisieren.
Fast Poisson solvers for thermal analysis (2010)

Accurate and efficient thermal analysis for a VLSI chip is crucial, both for sign-off reliability verification and for design-time circuit optimization. To determine an accurate temperature profile, it is important to simulate a die together with its thermal mounts: this requires solving Poisson's equation on a non-rectangular 3D domain. This paper presents a class of eigendecomposition-based fast Poisson solvers (FPS) for chip-level thermal analysis. We start with a solver that solves a rectangular 3D domain with mixed boundary conditions in O(NlogN) time, where N is the dimension of the finite-difference matrix. Then we reveal, for the first time in the literature, a strong relation between fast Poisson solvers and Green-function-based methods. Finally, we propose an FPS method that leverages the preconditioned conjugate gradient method to solve non-rectangular 3D domains efficiently. We demonstrate that this approach solves a system of dimension 5.33e6 in only 11 Conjugate Gradient iterations, with a runtime of 171 seconds, a 6X speedup over the popular ICCG solver.
ENERGY RECOVERY LINAC EXPERIMENTAL CHALLENGES (2006)

ERL projects are ongoing at Jlab, Daresbury, KEK and Cornell. Here we describe the typical experimental concerns of using high-coherence and ultra-fast pulses from the Cornell ERL as an example of a new opportunity. The hi-flux mode is one where the ERL runs at 5 GeV and 100 mA. Many experiments are photonstarved, such as inelastic x-ray scattering. The highcoherence mode is obtained at 25 mA and the transverse emittances could be as low as 8 pm. The beam size will be at its smallest under this operating condition and average spectral brightness as high as 10E23 (standard units) are calculated. We expect to produce a 3 micron round emitting source for imaging and coherence experiments on individual biological cells. The ultra-fast mode is one obtained by reducing the repetition rate to 1 MHz and by increasing the bunch charge to 1 nC per pulse and compressing the natural 2 ps bunch length to less than 50 fs. We present below the science opportunities for x-ray experiments on a single atom as well as the challenges in x-ray optics, other experiments, and beam control issues when making a 1 nm focused xray beam size.
GC-B Deficient Mice With Axon Bifurcation Loss Exhibit Compromised Auditory Processing (2018)

Sensory axon T-like branching (bifurcation) in neurons from dorsal root ganglia and cranial sensory ganglia depends on the molecular signaling cascade involving the secreted factor C-type natriuretic peptide, the natriuretic peptide receptor guanylyl cyclase B (GC-B; also known as Npr2) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI, also known as PKGI). The bifurcation of cranial nerves is suggested to be important for information processing by second-order neurons in the hindbrain or spinal cord. Indeed, mice with a spontaneous GC-B loss of function mutation (<i>Npr2<sup>cn/cn</sup></i> ) display an impaired bifurcation of auditory nerve (AN) fibers. However, these mice did not show any obvious sign of impaired basal hearing. Here, we demonstrate that mice with a targeted inactivation of the GC-B gene (Npr2 <i><sup>lacZ/lacZ</sup></i> , GC-B KO mice) show an elevation of audiometric thresholds. In the inner ear, the cochlear hair cells in GC-B KO mice were nevertheless similar to those from wild type mice, justified by the typical expression of functionally relevant marker proteins. However, efferent cholinergic feedback to inner and outer hair cells was reduced in GC-B KO mice, linked to very likely reduced rapid efferent feedback. Sound-evoked AN responses of GC-B KO mice were elevated, a feature that is known to occur when the efferent axo-dendritic feedback on AN is compromised. Furthermore, late sound-evoked brainstem responses were significantly delayed in GC-B KO mice. This delay in sound response was accompanied by a weaker sensitivity of the auditory steady state response to amplitude-modulated sound stimuli. Finally, the acoustic startle response (ASR) - one of the fastest auditory responses - and the prepulse inhibition of the ASR indicated significant changes in temporal precision of auditory processing. These findings suggest that GC-B-controlled axon bifurcation of spiral ganglion neurons is important for proper activation of second-order neurons in the hindbrain and is a prerequisite for proper temporal auditory processing likely by establishing accurate efferent top-down control circuits. These data hypothesize that the bifurcation pattern of cranial nerves is important to shape spatial and temporal information processing for sensory feedback control.
Thymosin-β4 Inhibits Corneal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis after Ethanol Exposure In Vitro (2004)

Tbeta(4) plays an antiapoptotic role under conditions of epithelial cell challenge with an external stress such as exposure to ethanol. Tbeta(4) may function as an antiapoptotic agent by inhibiting the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and by suppressing the activation of caspases.
Discrete Time Systems Design Methods (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Classical Control System Design Methods Eigenvalue Placement with State Feedback Quadratic Optimal Control Step‐Invariant Discrete‐Time Observer Design Tracking System Design Simulation
NOVEL SLAB-COUPLED LiNbO3 WAVEGUIDE FOR NONLINEAR OPTICAL APPLICATIONS (2008)

ABSTRACT A new slab-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) using lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystals were designed and experimentally demonstrated. The new LiNbO3SCOW structure composes of a main guiding core and a coupled leaky slab laterally confinement by two etched drains. The SCOW supports the propagation of the single spatial mode (having positive propagation constant), and leaks all high-order modes into the slab (imaginary propagation constants). Significance of such SCOWs will be the availability of a large and circular core to support the fundamental mode propagation, which could largely reduce the possibility of waveguide damage because of high optical power density, and reduce coupling losses to adjacent components including high power near infrared (NIR) diode lasers. Such SCOWs can find wide applications in nonlinear optics.
Multiscale electronic transport mechanism and true conductivities in amorphous carbon–LiFePO4nanocomposites (2011)

Composite and nanostructured materials have hierarchical architecture with different levels: (a) macroscopic (substructure of porous clusters); (b) mesostructural (particles constituting the clusters); and (c) microscopic and nanometric (coatings, bulk of the particles). The identification of the key parameters that affect the electronic transport across all observed size scales is required, but is not possible using conventional dc-conductivity measurements. In this paper, the powerful broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) from low-frequencies (few Hz) to microwaves (few GHz) is applied to one of the most important composite materials for lithium batteries. LiFePO4 is wrapped in a carbon coating whose electrical properties, although critical for battery performance, have never been measured due to its nanometre-size and the powdery nature of the material. We provide a description of the electronic transport mechanism from the nanoscale (sp2 crystallites) up to the sample macroscopic scale for this material. Moreover, the true conductivities and their respective drop when going from one scale to another are given, for the very first time, in the case of a composite powdery material for lithium batteries.
Enabling multi-layer cyber-security assessment of Industrial Control Systems through Hardware-In-The-Loop testbeds (2016)

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are under modernization towards increasing efficiency, reliability, and controllability. Despite the numerous benefits of interconnecting ICS components, the wide adoption of Information Technologies (IT) has introduced new security challenges and vulnerabilities to industrial processes, previously obscured by the systems' custom designs. Towards securing the backbone of critical infrastructure, selection of the proper assessment environment for performing cyber-security assessments is crucial. In this paper, we present a layered analysis of vulnerabilities and threats in ICS components, that identifies the need for including real hardware components in the assessment environment. Moreover, we advocate the suitability of Hardware-In-The-Loop testbeds for ICS cyber-security assessment and present their advantages over other assessment environments.