gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Agouti Related Peptide (Agrp) Stimulates the Hypothalamo Pituitary Gonadal Axis in Vivo & in Vitro in Male Rats (1999)

Abstract. Agouti related peptide (Agrp), the endogenous antagonist of the melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors (MC3-R and MC4-R), is expressed at high levels in the arcuate nucleus. Agrp immunoreactive terminals are found in the medial preoptic area (MPO), an area that also contains luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons. This study was designed to examine the action of Agrp and αMSH on gonadotropin release in vivo following intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection and on LHRH and luteinizing hormone (LH) release in vitro in male rats. We report that ICV administration of Agrp (83–132) significantly increased plasma LH at 40 min post-injection (Agrp (83–132) 2 nmol 0.6 ± 0.1 vs. saline 0.4 ± 0.02 ng/ml, p < 0.05). Plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was also significantly increased by Agrp (83–132) at 40 min post-injection (Agrp (83–132) 2 nmol 15.6 ± 2.1 ng/ml vs. saline 9.6 ± 1.1 ng/ml, p < 0.05). Agrp (83–132) significantly stimulated the release of LHRH from medial basal hypothalamic explants (Agrp (83–132) 100 nM 170 ± 23% vs. control 100 ± 20%, p < 0.05). In contrast, Agrp (83–132) (0.1–100 nM) had no effect on either basal or LHRH-stimulated LH release from dispersed anterior pituitary cells (Agrp (83–132) 100 nM 10 ± 0.4 ng/ml vs. control 12 ± 1.3 ng/ml, p = ns; LHRH 10 nM + Agrp (83–132) 100 nM 28 ± 1.5 ng/ml vs. LHRH 10 nM 28 ± 1.2 ng/ml, p = ns). We have demonstrated that Agrp (83–132), which blocks melanocortin receptors, significantly increases plasma LH and FSH following ICV administration and stimulates LHRH release from hypothalamic explants but has no direct effect on LH release from dispersed anterior pituitary cells. These results suggest that the melanocortin system plays a role in the control of the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis and may act as a link between the control of appetite and reproductive function.
Role of Surface Structure on Li-Ion Energy Storage Capacity of Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Carbides (2014)

A combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experiments is used to shed light on the relation between surface structure and Li-ion storage capacities of the following functionalized two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal carbides or MXenes: Sc2C, Ti2C, Ti3C2, V2C, Cr2C, and Nb2C. The Li-ion storage capacities are found to strongly depend on the nature of the surface functional groups, with O groups exhibiting the highest theoretical Li-ion storage capacities. MXene surfaces can be initially covered with OH groups, removable by high-temperature treatment or by reactions in the first lithiation cycle. This was verified by annealing f-Nb2C and f-Ti3C2 at 673 and 773 K in vacuum for 40 h and in situ X-ray adsorption spectroscopy (XAS) and Li capacity measurements for the first lithiation/delithiation cycle of f-Ti3C2. The high-temperature removal of water and OH was confirmed using X-ray diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering. The voltage profile and X-ray adsorption near edge structure of f-Ti3C2 revealed surface reactions in the first lithiation cycle. Moreover, lithiated oxygen terminated MXenes surfaces are able to adsorb additional Li beyond a monolayer, providing a mechanism to substantially increase capacity, as observed mainly in delaminated MXenes and confirmed by DFT calculations and XAS. The calculated Li diffusion barriers are low, indicative of the measured high-rate performance. We predict the not yet synthesized Cr2C to possess high Li capacity due to the low activation energy of water formation at high temperature, while the not yet synthesized Sc2C is predicted to potentially display low Li capacity due to higher reaction barriers for OH removal.
P619Role of Toll-like receptor 5 in the development of post-myocardial infarction inflammation (2014)

Background: Inflammatory processes play a key role in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction (MI).Genetic deletion of toll-like recpetors (TLRs), especially TLR2 and TLR4 have shown protective role in murine models of MI.The role of other TLRs remains unknown.We have previously shown that cardiomyocytes express TLR5 and that the ligand of TLR5, flagellin, activates the NF-kappaB and MAPK pathways in cardiomyocytes.We also have shown that injection of flagellin induces acute systolic dysfunction in vivo in mice.Aim: Determine the role of TLR5 in the development of post-MI inflammation.Methods: A murine model of myocardial infarction was done by a 30 minutes ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 2 hours of reperfusion.Infarct size was measured by standard Evans blue/TTC staining.Plasma creatine kinase (CK) was quantified as a read out of myocardial necrosis.Tissue and plasma cytokines (MIP-2, MCP-1, IL-6) were quantified by ELISA.To determine the extent of tissue lipid peroxidation we used malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal-HIS adduct assays.Tissue protein oxidation was tested by protein carbonyl ELISA kit.Phosphorylation of MAPK was analyzed by western blot.Results: Genetic suppression of TLR5 induced a significant increase of myocardial infarct size and plasma CK, of biochemical markers of myocardial oxidative stress, and cytokine levels in the heart and the plasma after MI.These effects were associated with a marked enhancement of p38 phosphorylation in the heart from TLR5 KO mice.Conclusion: TLR5 protects from acute myocardial injury and reduces local and systemic inflammation during myocardial infarction.The mechanisms may involve reduced p38 signaling, decreased oxidative stress and attenuated cytokine expression.
Digital Controller for High-Frequency Rectifiers with Power Factor Correction Suitable for On-Chip Implementation (2007)

This paper describes a digital controller for high-frequency single-phase power factor correction rectifiers (PFC) that is suitable for on-chip implementation. To achieve high switching frequency, fast dynamic response, and implementation with a small number of logic gates, the designs of basic functional blocks are optimized. In the outer voltage loop a windowed based analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with adjustable quantization steps is used, to achieve fast dynamic response. The complexity of the current loop realization is significantly reduced through the utilization of a floating reference created by a Sigma-Delta modulator and another windowed based ADC. In addition, a segmented ring-oscillator based digital pulse-width modulator (DPWM) is used to eliminate the need for a high frequency external clock and reduce the overall size of the system. The effectiveness of this digital architecture is demonstrated on a 200 kHz, 300 W boost-based PFC experimental prototype.
Principles and Application of Fluorescence Microscopy (1998)

This overview discusses the principle of fluorescence along with practical discussions of fluorescent molecular probes, filters and filter sets, multiband filters and multi-dye fluorescence, light sources, objective lenses, image resolution and the point-spread function, fluorescence microscopy of living cells, and immunolabeling.
Formation of basic lead phases during fire-setting and other natural and man-made processes (2017)

Basic lead phases are relatively rare compounds occurring in various natural and anthropogenically influenced environments, most importantly those related to fire-setting (FS). The medieval FS mining method and subsequent alteration processes lead to a complex set of basic lead phases including caledonite, hydrocerussite, leadhillite, and lanarkite. Although basic lead phases have been known for over 100 years, their mode of formation and stability relations are only insufficiently known. In this study, the formation of this interesting phase assemblage is described in detail including textures, genesis, and conditions of formation. Samples include ones collected in a medieval mining district in SW-Germany and ones that underwent short-term (50 days) experiments mimicking FS and subsequent mine dump processes. The mode of occurrence and the stability relation of basic lead phases formed during FS is discussed using thermodynamic models that are adapted to also explain their occurrence in other anthropogenic and in natural environments.
Vocal exchanges in wild bottlenose dolphins (2006)

This study investigated the behavioral context of stereotypic whistle exchanges in wild bottlenose dolphins off north-east Scotland to infer function from whistle usage. Concurrent acoustic and nonacoustic behavioral data sampling was conducted during focal follows. Passive acoustic localization using a four-element distributed array was used to identify vocal exchanges (i.e., whistles from different individuals within 3 s of each other). Vocal exchanges of stereotypic (two whistle types produced repeatedly by at least two animals) nature occurred during 12 focal follows from 10 separate days containing 108 whistles that could be localized. Exact randomization tests (10 000 iterations), using whistles from exchange and nonexchange periods within each follow, showed that the observed number of exchanges (i.e., whistles produced by different individuals within 5 s of each other) was significantly different than the value that resulted from randomization. Vocal exchanges occurred prior to dolphin subgroups joining in 9 out of 10 observed joins. Only 2 of 11 vocal exchanges were not followed by a join. Vocal exchanges of stereotyped whistles between individuals appear to be important in coordinating joins in wild dolphin groups. Further analysis of exchange whistles showed that their degree of stereotypy equalled that found in signature whistles.
The History of Western Philosophy of Religion (2010)

Theological Librarianship is an open access journal publishing peer-reviewed articles, as well as essays and reviews, on subjects at the intersection of librarianship and religious and theological studies that potentially impact libraries.
The Neuropsychiatric Effects of Treatment with Interleukin-2 and Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells (1987)

The development of clinically significant neuropsychiatric changes during the administration of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells was common and may be treatment limiting. A marked latency in the appearance of neuropsychiatric changes after treatment onset was noted in almost all patients. Every patient studied recovered from the neuropsychiatric side effects.
Intravascular stents: tissue-stent interactions and design considerations. (1993)

Intravascular stents: tissue-stent interactions and design considerations.J C PalmazAudio Available | Share
10-Gb/s standard fiber transmission using directly modulated 1.55-μm quantum-well DFB lasers (1995)

10-Gb/s long-haul transmission on standard single-mode fibers at 1.55 μm with intensity modulated, low-chirp MQW DFB lasers is investigated. Successful transmission is achieved by operating the laser at increased bias. Thus, the laser chirp acts favorably on the propagation after an initial distance of 30 km in the fiber. A detailed system evaluation with an optical preamplified PIN-receiver, reveals a negligible dispersion power penalty for transmission distances between 35 and 70 km. The power penalty, mainly caused by a lower extinction ratio, must be accepted.
X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION ANALYSIS OF PASSIVATED Cd(1-x)ZnxTe SURFACES FOR IMPROVED RADIATION DETECTORS (2008)

Surface passivation of device-grade CdZnTe was investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with transport property measurements after Br-MeOH (2% Br) and KOH/NH{sub 4}F/H{sub 2}O{sub 2} solutions were used to etch and oxidize the surface. High-resolution photoemission measurements on the valence band electronic structure and core lines were used to evaluate the surface chemistry of the chemically treated surfaces. Metal overlayers were then deposited on these chemically treated surfaces and the I-V characteristics measured. The measurements were correlated to understand the effect of interface chemistry on the electronic structure at these interfaces with the goal of optimizing the Schottky barrier height for radiation detector devices.
Studies on the involvement of endogenous neuropeptides in the control of thymocyte proliferation in the rat. (2001)

The possible involvement of endogenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), cholecystokinin (CCK) and neurotensin (NT) in the control of thymocyte proliferation has been investigated in vivo in the immature rat. For this task, we have studied the effects of the administration of selective antagonists of the receptors of the three neuropeptides on the mitotic index (% of metaphase-arrested cells after vincristin injection) of thymocytes. Both CCK- and TN-receptor antagonists were ineffective. In contrast, two VIP receptor antagonists (VIP-As) enhanced the mitotic index of thymocytes. VIP reversed the effect of VIP-As, but when administered alone it did not alter the mitotic activity of thymocytes. In light of these findings, we conclude that endogenous VIP exerts a maximal tonic inhibitory influence on the basal proliferative activity of rat thymocytes, while endogenous CCK and NT do not play a relevant modulatory role in this process.
Effects of ciglitazone on the pancreatic islets of C57BL/6J-OB/OB mice: Qualitative electron microscopy of beta cells and quantitative light microscopy of islet surface area and number (1983)

The Ob/Ob mouse of the genetic background C57BL/6J is characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hyperplasia of the pancreatic beta cells. Under electron microscopy, the beta cells from this animal model display degranulation, proliferation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and expansion of the Golgi apparatus, all of which are indicative of a stressed pattern of insulin storage and synthesis. Ciglitazone has been reported to function as an oral hypoglycemic agent in the 0b/0b mouse. This depression of plasma glucose was associated with a significant elevation in pancreatic insulin as observed in our laboratory after six weeks of drug treatment (100 mg/kg-day incorporated into Purina Mouse Chow). Pancreatic islets of treated and age-sex matched control C57BL/6J-Ob/Ob mice were then analyzed by ultramorphology and light microscopy to determine the effect of ciglitazone on beta cells. Under electron microscopy, the pancreatic beta cells of treated mice were well granulated with rare abnormalities of the citoplasmic organelles and insulin secretory granules occupied most of the cytoplasm of the islet - cells.
Generation of Rag1 ‐knockout immunodeficient rats and mice using engineered meganucleases (2012)

Despite the recent availability of gene-specific nucleases, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like nucleases (TALENs), there is still a need for new tools to modify the genome of different species in an efficient, rapid, and less costly manner. One aim of this study was to apply, for the first time, engineered meganucleases to mutate an endogenous gene in animal zygotes. The second aim was to target the mouse and rat recombination activating gene 1 (Rag1) to describe, for the first time, Rag1 knockout immunodeficient rats. We microinjected a plasmid encoding a meganuclease for Rag1 into the pronucleus of mouse and rat zygotes. Mutant animals were detected by PCR sequencing of the targeted sequence. A homozygous RAG1-deficient rat line was generated and immunophenotyped. Meganucleases were efficient, because 3.4 and 0.6% of mouse and rat microinjected zygotes, respectively, generated mutated animals. RAG1-deficient rats showed significantly decreased proportions and numbers of immature and mature T and B lymphocytes and normal NK cells vs. littermate wild-type controls. In summary, we describe the use of engineered meganucleases to inactivate an endogenous gene with efficiencies comparable to those of ZFNs and TALENs. Moreover, we generated an immunodeficient rat line useful for studies in which there is a need for biological parameters to be analyzed in the absence of immune responses.
ChemInform Abstract: Monoammoniate of Calcium Amidoborane: Synthesis, Structure, and Hydrogen‐Storage Properties. (2012)

Abstract Ca(NH 2 BH 3 ) 2 ·NH 3 is synthesized by ball milling of a 1:2 mixture of CaNH and NH 3 BH 3 (10 h).
Progressive ankylosis (ank/ank) in mice: an animal model of spondyloarthropathy. III. Proliferative spleen cell response to T cell mitogens. (1989)

Murine progressive ankylosis is a spontaneous disorder of mice resulting from a homozygous recessive genetic defect (ank/ank) which produces an inflammatory arthritis of peripheral and axial joints eventually resulting in ankylosis of these joints. This disorder resembles the human spondyloarthropathies clinically, radiographically and histologically. Various studies in humans with spondyloarthropathies have described defects of cellular immunity but these results are conflicting. We measured the spleen cell response to mitogen in ank/ank mice and in normal littermates. The spleen cell response to the T cell mitogens phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A was decreased in ank/ank mice compared with their normal littermates. The response to the B cell mitogen lypopolysaccharide was normal in both ank/ank mice and normal littermates. Serum from ank/ank mice did not inhibit spleen cell responses to mitogen. Ank/ank spleen cells were not inhibitory of normal spleen cell responses to mitogens. Addition of irradiated normal spleen cells to ank/ank spleen cells did not restore the mitogen responses to normal. It is possible that the ank/ank gene results in the phenotypic expression of an abnormal or decreased cell product involved in T cell proliferation. Several recently described cytokines could be potential candidates for this product.
12-Acylindolo[1,2-c]quinazolines by Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation of o-Alkynyltrifluoroacetanilides (2002)

6-Trifluoromethyl-12-acylindolo[1,2-c]quinazolines are prepared in high yield through the palladium-catalyzed reaction of bis(o-trifluoroacetamidophenyl)acetylene with aryl or vinyl halides and triflates. The reaction, which tolerates a variety of important functional groups, probably involves the formation of a 3-acyl-2-(o-trifluoroacetamidophenyl)indole intermediate, followed by its cyclization to the indoloquinazoline product. [reaction: see text]
Herpesvirus DNA (Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus) in circulating monocytes of patients with coronary artery disease (2005)

Our data do not support the hypothesis that herpesvirus-infected monocytes are related to the incidence of human coronary atherosclerosis.
Prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membrane in a cohort with cardiovascular disease risk, compared with the Blue Mountains Eye Study (2015)

This study suggests that cardiovascular disease (specifically severity and extent of CAD) is not associated with ERM. However, there may be a greater prevalence of severe ERM (PMF) in a high cardiovascular risk cohort relative to a population-based cohort.
A rad-hard analog CMOS cell library (2002)

A 1 Megarad analog cell library has been developed for the X2000 space electronics program. Analog functions represented include two opamps, two comparators, a voltage reference, high voltage NMOS transistors constructed in a low-voltage SOI CMOS process, and a lateral bipolar transistor. Each was tested pre-rad and post-rad total dose, and the results are presented herein.
Desmoglein-2 is important for islet function and β-cell survival (2022)

Type 1 diabetes is a complex disease characterized by the lack of endogenous insulin secreted from the pancreatic β-cells. Although β-cell targeted autoimmune processes and β-cell dysfunction are known to occur in type 1 diabetes, a complete understanding of the cell-to-cell interactions that support pancreatic function is still lacking. To characterize the pancreatic endocrine compartment, we studied pancreata from healthy adult donors and investigated a single cell surface adhesion molecule, desmoglein-2 (DSG2). Genetically-modified mice lacking Dsg2 were examined for islet cell mass, insulin production, responses to glucose, susceptibility to a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of hyperglycaemia, and ability to cure diabetes in a syngeneic transplantation model. Herein, we have identified DSG2 as a previously unrecognized adhesion molecule that supports β-cells. Furthermore, we reveal that DSG2 is within the top 10 percent of all genes expressed by human pancreatic islets and is expressed by the insulin-producing β-cells but not the somatostatin-producing δ-cells. In a Dsg2 loss-of-function mice (Dsg2<sup>lo/lo</sup>), we observed a significant reduction in the number of pancreatic islets and islet size, and consequently, there was less total insulin content per islet cluster. Dsg2<sup>lo/lo</sup> mice also exhibited a reduction in blood vessel barrier integrity, an increased incidence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, and islets isolated from Dsg2<sup>lo/lo</sup> mice were more susceptible to cytokine-induced β-cell apoptosis. Following transplantation into diabetic mice, islets isolated from Dsg2<sup>lo/lo</sup> mice were less effective than their wildtype counterparts at curing diabetes. In vitro assays using the Beta-TC-6 murine β-cell line suggest that DSG2 supports the actin cytoskeleton as well as the release of cytokines and chemokines. Taken together, our study suggests that DSG2 is an under-appreciated regulator of β-cell function in pancreatic islets and that a better understanding of this adhesion molecule may provide new opportunities to combat type 1 diabetes.
Perspective on This Article from Constitutional Methylation of the <i>BRCA1</i> Promoter Is Specifically Associated with <i>BRCA1</i> Mutation-Associated Pathology in Early-Onset Breast Cancer (2023)

Perspective on This Article from Constitutional Methylation of the &lt;i&gt;BRCA1&lt;/i&gt; Promoter Is Specifically Associated with &lt;i&gt;BRCA1&lt;/i&gt; Mutation-Associated Pathology in Early-Onset Breast Cancer
A Novel Method for Combining Algebraic Decoding and Iterative Processing (2006)

We propose novel error correction coding schemes called generalized integrated interleaving and sparsely integrated interleaving codes. In the context of block interleaved codewords, generalized integrated interleaving allows nonuniform redundancy to be shared among all the interleaves. This allows the redundancy to be adjusted on-the-fly to better suit the error statistics of the channel or storage device. Sparsely integrated interleaving groups data nodes in a distributed storage system into subgroups. A data node can belong to several subgroups. Small errors are corrected locally within each subgroup. A localized algebraic iterative decoding algorithm is used to decode across subgroups to correct large errors that cannot be corrected within subgroups. Very little correction capability is sacrificed to achieve fast error correction and lower communication overhead. This scheme improves data access for all the data nodes and allows easy scaling of the distributed storage network
De-regulation of gene expression and alternative splicing affects distinct cellular pathways in the aging hippocampus (2014)

Aging is accompanied by gradually increasing impairment of cognitive abilities and constitutes the main risk factor of neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. The underlying mechanisms are however not well understood. Here we analyze the hippocampal transcriptome of young adult mice and two groups of mice at advanced age using RNA sequencing. This approach enabled us to test differential expression of coding and non-coding transcripts, as well as differential splicing and RNA editing. We report a specific age-associated gene expression signature that is associated with major genetic risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. This signature is dominated by neuroinflammatory processes, specifically activation of the complement system at the level of increased gene expression, while de-regulation of neuronal plasticity appears to be mediated by compromised RNA splicing.