gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and characteristics of aerobic granular sludge at 40°C (2014)

This study is conducted to develop aerobic granular sludge (AGS) for domestic wastewater treatment application in a hot climate and low humidity condition such as for Middle East countries e.g. Saudi Arabia and to investigate the performance of the granular sludge in organic matter and nutrient removal by using sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The operation of the reactor was based on the SBR system with a complete cycle time of 3 hours (5 min of feeding, 140 min of aeration, 15 to 30 min of settling, 5 min of discharging and 3 min idling) and operated at 1.6 g COD / L.d organic loading rate. Granular sludge was developed at temperature 40oC in 30 days operation by using synthetic wastewater as the influent. Result showed that developed granular sludge had good settling ability with average size of the granules was found to be 1.03 to 2.42 mm. Meanwhile, the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (TP) are 87.31%, 91.93% and 61.25%. The study shows AGS can be developed at high temperature and capable to treat organics and nutrients present in domestic wastewater at hot climates and low humidity condition.
Cramér-Rao-Type Bounds for Localization (2006)

The localization problem is fundamentally important for sensor networks. This paper, based on "Estimation bounds for localization" by the authors (2004 © IEEE), studies the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRB) for two kinds of localization based on noisy range measurements. The first is anchored localization in which the estimated positions of at least nodes are known in global coordinates. We show some basic invariances of the CRB in this case and derive lower and upper bounds on the CRB which can be computed using only local information. The second is anchor-free localization where no absolute positions are known. Although the Fisher information matrix is singular, a CRB-like bound exists on the total estimation variance. Finally, for both cases we discuss how the bounds scale to large networks under different models of wireless signal propagation.
Analysis of high efficiency CuInGaSe[sub 2] based solar cells (1992)

This paper describes the characteristics of a 1 cm[sup 2] solar cell using the structure ZnO/CdZnS/CuInGaSe[sub 2] which has given an AM1.5G efficiency of 13.1%. The characteristics of each layer of the device are discussed, current-voltage and quantum efficiency characteristics presented, and the reasons for the improved performance compared to previous high efficiency cells identified. Possible further improvements are discussed.
Underwater electrical discharge characteristics at high values of initial pressure and temperature (2002)

Summary form only given. At present, considerable attention is paid to investigation of the influence of liquid environment conditions on electrical discharge processes. This interest can be explained by the necessity of pulsed power facilities operation under conditions which are substantially far from normal. This paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical study of the influence of initial conditions on the underwater discharge development at high pressure and temperature. An experimental study of the electrical discharge in water with specific conductivity of 6.4/spl times/10/sup -2/ Sm/spl middot/m/sup -1/ was carried out at the hydrostatic pressure values ranged from 0.1 MPa to 50 MPa. Measurements of the discharge current, gap voltage as well photographing of the plasma channel development by high speed camera with framing speed of 1 million frames per second were carried out during the experiment. Up to 15 shots were done for every set of parameters with the consequent statistical treatment of the obtained data.
Design and collection of acoustic sound data for hands-free speech recognition and sound scene understanding (2003)

The sound data for open evaluation is necessary for studies such as sound source localization, sound retrieval, sound recognition and hands-free speech recognition in real acoustic environments. This paper reports on our project for acoustic data collection. There are many kinds of sound scenes in real environments. The sound scene is specified by sound sources and room acoustics. The number of combinations of the sound sources, source positions and rooms is huge in real acoustic environments. We assumed that the sound in the environments can be simulated by convolution of the isolated sound sources and impulse responses. As an isolated sound source, hundred kinds of environment sounds and speech sounds are collected. The impulse responses are collected in various acoustic environments. Additionally we collected sounds from a moving source. In this paper, progress of our sound scene database collection project and application to environment sound recognition and hands-free speech recognition are described.
Research Design Of An Adaptive Controller Based On Desired Trajectory Compensation Of Neural Networks (2014)

Abstract This paper has designed a variable structure controller based on the nominal compensation of neural networks. The neural network input is the desired trajectory, which eliminates the strict assumptions of the control inputs in conventional neural networks. It also ensures the asymptotic stability of the system closed-loop global exponentials to introduce model compensation and continuous variable structure control rate. By means of Lyapunov stability theory, it is analyzed and researched how to guarantee good transient performance of the control system comprehensively and thoroughly. The theoretic analysis and simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the method proposed.
Sequence Distribution of Commercial SBR by Ozonolysis-GPC Measurement (1986)

Abstract Sequence distribution of commercially obtained styrene-butadiene copolymers (SBR) was investigated by high-resolution-GPC measurement of ozonolysis products. The ozonolysis-GPC of emulsion SBR samples showed peaks corresponding to 1 to 4 styrene sequences and styrene-1,2-butadiene sequences flanked by 1,4-butadiene units. In random SBR samples with anionic polymerization, long styrene sequences of from 8 to 19% were detected in addition to the short styrene sequences. So-called tapered-block structure was clearly observed in partially block SBR samples; a broad peak derived from block styrene sequences in a relative intensity of 49 to 55% was overlapped by peaks due to styrene sequences longer than 10 styrene units. The content of pure-block styrene sequences in S-B-S type triblock SBR samples was found to be 85 to 99% or above.
Inhibition of hepatitis B virus DNA replicative intermediate forms by recombinant interferon-γ (2006)

This in vitro study warrants further evaluation of a combination of IFN-gamma and lamivudine, especially in IFN-alpha non-responder chronic hepatitis B patients. A reduced duration of lamivudine treatment would also restrict the emergence of drug-resistant HBV mutants.
“Hook Effect” in Calcitonin Immunoradiometric Assay in Patients with Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature (2006)

To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a phenomenon such as the hook effect in a calcitonin immunoradiometric assay in patients with MTC. Being aware of this phenomenon is important, because a low calcitonin result could give false reassurance to both the patient and the clinician and could dramatically change the prognosis of the patient.
Synergistic effects of long-wavelength ultraviolet A1 and visible light on pigmentation and erythema (2017)

The findings suggest a synergistic relationship between VL and UVA1 and emphasize the need for developing means of photoprotection against VL.
Introduction (1998)

Le présent ouvrage marque la dernière étape de mon cheminement professionnel et s’inscrit dans le prolongement du dernier (Guay, 1992). Il a lui aussi comme objectif d’intégrer les dimensions cliniques et communautaires de l’intervention professionnelle mais, à la différence du précédent, il s’adresse aux clientèles « poquées », c’est-à-dire aux personnes et aux familles, usagères des services publics, auprès desquelles il est le plus difficile d’intervenir. C’est mon livre le
Synthesis of Naphthalenes and 2-Naphthols by the Electrophilic Cyclization of Alkynes (2005)

[reactions: see text] A wide variety of substituted naphthalenes are readily prepared regioselectively under mild reaction conditions by the 6-endo-dig electrophilic cyclization of appropriate arene-containing propargylic alcohols by ICl, I2, Br2, NBS, and PhSeBr. 3-Iodo-2-naphthols have also been prepared in excellent yields by the cyclization of analogous 1-aryl-3-alkyn-2-ones. This methodology readily accommodates various functional groups and has been successfully extended to the synthesis of substituted carbazoles and dibenzothiophenes.
THE EXISTENCE OF STERILE NEUTRINO HALOS IN GALACTIC CENTERS AS AN EXPLANATION OF THE BLACK HOLE MASS-VELOCITY DISPERSION RELATION (2009)

If sterile neutrinos exist and form halos in galactic centers, they can give rise to observational consequences. In particular, the sterile neutrinos decay radiatively and heat up the gas in the protogalaxy to achieve hydrostatic equilibrium, and they provide the mass to form supermassive blackholes. A natural correlation between the blackhole mass and velocity dispersion thus arises $\log(M_{BH,f}/M_{\odot})=\alpha \log (\sigma /200 {\rm km s^{-1}})+ \beta$ with $\alpha \approx 4$ and $\beta \approx 8$.
Endovascular Treatment for Brain Arteriovenous Malformation and Dural Arteriovenous Fistula (2013)

動静脈シャントに対する血管内治療には, 経動脈的塞栓術 (TAE) と経静脈的塞栓術 (TVE) があり, 塞栓物質としてはコイルなどの固体塞栓物質とNBCAやOnyxなどの液体塞栓物質がある. 脳動静脈奇形 (BAVM) では, 流出静脈のみを閉塞するとナイダスが破綻し出血する. 安全に根治を得るためには液体塞栓物質によるすべての流入動脈とナイダスの閉塞が必要であるが, 小型のBAVM以外では困難である. そのため血管内治療は, 開頭摘出術あるいは定位的放射線治療の補助療法として, TAEによる流入動脈閉塞や部分的なナイダス閉塞が行われる. 一方, 硬膜動静脈瘻 (DAVF) ではナイダスは存在しないため, 流出静脈洞または静脈の閉塞により出血を生じることはなく, 根治が可能である. そのため血管内治療はDAVFに対する第一選択治療であり, コイルによるTVEか液体塞栓物質によるTAEが行われる.
Creating a “Transcampus” in Diabetes Research Between King’s College London and the Technische Universität Dresden: Update on Islet Biology and Transplantation (2014)

Corrected by: Creating a “Transcampus” in Diabetes Research Between King’s College London and the Technische Universität Dresden: Update on Islet Biology and TransplantationHorm Metab Res 2015; 47(01): e1-e1DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1396842
Identification of endothelin 1 and big endothelin 1 in secretory vesicles isolated from bovine aortic endothelial cells. (1995)

Vesicles containing endothelin 1 (ET-1) were isolated from bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) by fractionation of homogenates on sucrose density gradients by ultracentrifugation. The vesicles were localized at the 1.0/1.2 M sucrose interface using a specific anti-ET-1-(16-21) RIA. Identification of ET-1 and big ET-1 in this fraction was confirmed by HPLC analysis combined with RIA. Morphological examination of the ET-1-enriched fraction by electron microscopy identified clusters of vesicles approximately 100 nm in diameter. Immunostaining of ultrathin cryosections prepared from the vesicle fraction for ET-1 or big ET-1 showed clusters of 15-nm gold particles attached to or within vesicles. Immunofluorescence staining of whole BAECs using a specific ET-1-(16-21) IgG purified by affinity chromatography revealed punctate granulation of the cell cytoplasm viewed under light microscopy. This distinct pattern of staining was shown by confocal light microscopy to be intracellular. Immunofluorescence staining of whole cells with a polyclonal antiserum for big ET-1-(22-39) showed a defined perinuclear localization of precursor molecule. Hence, several different approaches have demonstrated that ET-1 and big ET-1 are localized within intracellular vesicles in BAECs, suggesting that these subcellular compartments are an important site for processing of big ET-1 by endothelin-converting enzyme.
Is Cellular Senescence of Dopaminergic Neurons the Cause of Local Inflammation in the Midbrain Observed in Parkinson’s Disease? (2020)

Current research investigating the pathomechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Parkinson’s disease (PD), led to the understanding that these diseases have to be seen in the context of immune responses.
Neuroplasticity of CNS oxygen toxicity (CNS‐OT): increased risk of seizure due to hyperbaric preconditioning (PC) and kindling effect (2012)

CNS‐OT limits the use of hyperbaric O 2 (HBO 2 ) clinically and in military diving. We studied the effects of preconditioning (PCs) gas mixtures and dive/seizure history on the latency to seizure (LS) in 118 adult rats implanted with a radio‐transmitter to record EEGs. After ≥1 wk recovery, rats underwent: a) hyperoxic PC at 1‐ 2ATA in pure O 2 ; b) hyperbaric normoxic PC at 2ATA using Heliox/Nitrox; and c) air PC at 1ATA (control) or 2ATA. All PC protocols were conducted 3x, followed 24hr after the last treatment by one dive to 5ATA to seizure. Hyperoxic PC did not provide neuroprotection against seizure, decreasing LS by 51% (2ATA O 2 ) and 42% (1ATA O 2 ). Hyperbaric normoxic PC (2ATA Nitrox/Heliox) decreased LS by 78/89%. Western blot analyses of rat hippocampi suggest that hyperbaric pressure per se (normoxia+inert gases) accelerate onset of CNS‐OT by downregulation of Early Growth Response‐1, an early response gene involved in neuroprotection from oxidative stress. Also, in the absence of PC, rats experiencing 1 seizure/wk over 3–5wk developed a kindling response to HBO 2 compared to rats that experienced 1 seizure/wk over 2wk, causing a LS decrease of 74% (4 ATA) and 55% (5 ATA) due to kindling (ONR).
Chance constrained integer programming models for capital budgeting in fuzzy environments (1998)

This paper attempts to model capital budgeting problems by chance constrained integer programming in a fuzzy environment (rather than a stochastic environment). Some examples are also provided to illustrate the potential applications of new models. Finally, a fuzzy simulation based genetic algorithm is designed for solving chance constrained integer programming models with fuzzy parameters.
Specifying and Enforcing Intertask Dependencies (1993)

Extensions of the traditional atomic transaction model are needed to support the development of multi-system applications or workflows that access heterogeneous databases and legacy application systems. Most extended transaction models use conditions involving events or dependencies between transactions. Intertask dependencies can serve as a uniform framework for defining extended transaction models. In this paper we introduce event attributes needed to determine whether a dependency is enforceable and to properly schedule events in extended transaction models. Using these attributes and a formalization of a dependency into the temporal logic CTL, we can automatically synthesize an automaton that captures the computations that satisfy the given dependency. We show how a set of such automata can be combined into a scheduler that produces global computations satisfying all relevant dependencies. We show how dependencies required to implement relaxed transactions such as Sagas can be enforced and discuss briefly the issues of concurrency control, safety, and recoverability.
Application of redundancy calibration to phased arrays and some limitations (2011)

In new phased array instruments, a fundamental question is whether the geometrically redundant baselines in a regularly arranged phased array are really redundant. Based on real and simulated data, we demonstrate that for a phased array station, a regular arrangement of station elements is necessary but not sufficient to satisfy redundancy calibration requirements. This is due to the electromagnetic interaction between closely spaced antenna elements which leads to non-identical beams and possibly correlated noise. Each of these deterministic effects introduces a bias on the estimated calibration results. Understanding the nature of these effects has helped us to determine the limits of applicability of redundancy calibration for a given phased array, which are demonstrated in this paper.
Volume-increase of Bacteria from X-ray Irradiation (1935)

EXPOSURE to x-rays is by nature lethal to living cells, but it sometimes happens that small dosages bring about enhanced growth, or swelling of cell cytoplasm. It may be said that in general small dosages of x-rays cause stimulation of various chemical reactions in biological colloidal systems, while larger dosages cause inhibition and destruction. However, the opinion has been expressed that the present-day evidence is inclined toward the conclusion that radiations do not directly stimulate the normal activities of the cell, and that their primary effect is always an injury from which the cell may recover perfectly (1). The quality of x-rays and the period of exposure that bring about cell swelling are worthy of investigation because of the subtle cell changes supposedly involved. A simple explanation of the phenomenon involves an increased capacity of the irradiated cells for the absorption of water from the medium through an altered cell membrane. It is suggested that intracellular changes produce new electrolytes by the decomposition of salts, proteins, and fats, and that water is taken in by simple osmosis (2). Such an interpretation necessarily suggests an alteration in cell constituents, and thus an abnormal condition. The mechanics of cytoplasmic swelling of bacteria and of enhanced bacterial growth, as caused by exposure to x-rays, is quite obscure, and facts concerning it are of fundamental importance. The writer has undertaken the study of these effects, and the work herein described was a definite preliminary part of the investigation. Experiment showed that under the proper conditions volume-increase occurred when bacteria were exposed to x-rays. Whether this volume-increase was enhanced growth, cytoplasmic swelling, or a combination of both, is a question to be considered. This paper is concerned primarily with the observed increase in volume per bacterium and the resulting deductions. The investigation was carried out for Bacillus coli alone, but the effect is not believed to be unique for that organism. The problem was considered from the point of growth-rates of suspensions of B. coli, i.e., turbidity changes of the growing suspensions. This method of approach was more feasible than the study of growth on a solid medium, although it was not certain that bacterial swelling under irradiation was conditioned by a liquid medium. Apparatus and Methods The rate of bacterial growth was recorded by means of measurements upon the light transmission of a suspension of B. coli as related to the transmission of sterile broth. A spectrophotometer was used, because intensity values of the transmitted light for different parts of the spectrum seemed to open paths to additional facts concerning growth analysis. The spectrophotometer consisted of a source of light, an improved Martens-type photometer, a constant-deviation spectrometer, and specimen tubes for the examination of liquids.
Isolation, analysis of structure, synthesis, and biological actions of urotensin I neuropeptides (1983)

The 41-residue neuropeptide urotensin I (UI), from the urophyses of two teleost fish species (Cyprinus carpio and Catostomus commersoni), was isolated and purified, and its amino acid sequence was determined and confirmed by synthesis of a fully active peptide. The UI peptide was found to be a close structural and biological homologue of the ovine hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and the frog skin peptide sauvagine; UI is, therefore, a phylogenetic prototype of this group of peptides. Extraction of urophyses in hot acetic or hydrochloric acid cleaves an amino terminal tripeptide yielding a fully active UI(4-41). The UI peptides are equipotent with the other two naturally occurring peptides (CRF and sauvagine) in the release of mammalian pituitary corticotropin (ACTH), but UI is several times more potent than the mammalian homologue in the stimulation of release of fish pituitary ACTH. The UI peptide and its mammalian or amphibian homologues have a long-lasting hypotensive action in mammals, via a uniquely selective vasodilatation in the superior (anterior) mesenteric vascular bed only. The significantly lower hypotensive vasodilatory action of the mammalian homologue (CRF) suggests a change in the unknown physiological role of the haemodynamic actions of the UI peptides in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract during phylogenetic progression from fishes to mammals.
Accuracy of the Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease at National Institute on Aging Alzheimer Disease Centers, 2005–2010 (2012)

The neuropathologic examination is considered to provide the gold standard for Alzheimer disease (AD). To determine the accuracy of currently used clinical diagnostic methods, clinical and neuropathologic data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, which gathers information from the network of National Institute on Aging (NIA)-sponsored Alzheimer Disease Centers (ADCs), were collected as part of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set (UDS) between 2005 and 2010. A database search initially included all 1198 subjects with at least one UDS clinical assessment and who had died and been autopsied; 279 were excluded as being not demented or because critical data fields were missing. The final subject number was 919. Sensitivity and specificity were determined based on "probable" and "possible" AD levels of clinical confidence and 4 levels of neuropathologic confidence based on varying neuritic plaque densities and Braak neurofibrillary stages. Sensitivity ranged from 70.9% to 87.3%; specificity ranged from 44.3% to 70.8%. Sensitivity was generally increased with more permissive clinical criteria and specificity was increased with more restrictive criteria, whereas the opposite was true for neuropathologic criteria. When a clinical diagnosis was not confirmed by minimum levels of AD histopathology, the most frequent primary neuropathologic diagnoses were tangle-only dementia or argyrophilic grain disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, cerebrovascular disease, Lewy body disease and hippocampal sclerosis. When dementia was not clinically diagnosed as AD, 39% of these cases met or exceeded minimum threshold levels of AD histopathology. Neurologists of the NIA-ADCs had higher predictive accuracy when they diagnosed AD in subjects with dementia than when they diagnosed dementing diseases other than AD. The misdiagnosis rate should be considered when estimating subject numbers for AD studies, including clinical trials and epidemiologic studies.