gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of α‐zirconium phosphate on fire performance of EVA and PS composites (2011)

Composites of polystyrene (PS) and poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) with organically modified zirconium phosphate (OZrP) were prepared by melt blending. Their morphologies were assessed by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, while the thermal stability and flammability properties were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry. Increasing the OZrP content was not conducive to the formation of a nanostructure in EVA and poor dispersion of zirconium phosphate layers in PS at the nanometer level was observed. Increased thermal stability at high temperature and a slight reduction in peak heat release rate were found when OZrP was added to PS, while in EVA, deteriorated thermal stability and flame retardancy were observed. Unlike montmorillonite, the partial replacement of intumescent flame retardants (IFR) by 2% OZrP imparted a negative effect on the flammability of the EVA/IFR (23%)/OZrP (2%) composite, increasing the peak heat release rate of EVA/IFR (25%). The PS/IFR (18%)/OZrP (2%) composite with poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) (SMA) as compatibilizer exhibited better flame retardancy than PS/SMA/IFR (20%), prolonging the combustion process and increasing the time to peak heat release rate significantly. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
HCV viremia drives an increment of CD86 expression by myeloid dendritic cells (2013)

The host immune response, including innate and adaptive immunity, plays a critical role in determining the outcome of viral infection. Nevertheless, little is known about the exact reasons for the failure of the host immune system in controlling hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Impairment of dendritic cells (DCs) function is probably one of the mechanisms responsible for immune evasion of HCV. In this study, the frequency and phenotype of DCs subsets were analyzed in three groups: HCV-infected individuals who developed viral persistence (1), HCV-infected individuals who spontaneously cleared the virus (2) and HCV-seronegative uninfected subjects (3). The results showed that the frequency of DCs subsets was not statistically significant between groups. Plasmacytoid DCs circulating exhibited an immature phenotype characterized by low expression of CD86. On the other hand, CD86 expression in myeloid DCs was significantly higher in chronic infected individuals compared to healthy controls (P=0.037). A positive correlation was observed between CD86(+) myeloid DC (mDC) and HCV viral load (r=0.4121, P=0.0263). These results suggest that HCV did not have an inhibitory effect on mDC maturation and the HCV viremia drives the increase of CD86 expression in mDC. The regulation of DCs maturation and migration lies at the level of intracellular signaling. HCV can activate or block intracellular signaling pathways and alter DC function. In conclusion, the present study suggests that imbalance of DC maturation by the virus represents a mechanism of evasion of the immune system despite the fact that HCV viremia appears to exert a "stimulatory" effect on cell-surface immune phenotype.
Oral Administration of Sepimostat Mesilate Prevents Acute Alcohol Pancreatic Injury in Rats (1999)

The preventive effect of a novel synthetic serine protease inhibitor, sepimostat mesilate (sepimostat), on acute alcohol pancreatic injury, induced by exocrine hyperstimulation and ethanol administration, was assessed and compared with that of a similar protease inhibitor, camostat mesilate (camostat). Conscious rats were infused with 1 microg mL(-1) h(-1) caerulein intravenously for 6 h and with 0.1 g mL(-1) h(-1) ethanol for 9 h, with the latter infusion beginning 3 h after the start of the caerulein infusion. Sepimostat or camostat was administered orally 1 h before the caerulein infusion. Rats infused with caerulein plus ethanol showed increased plasma amylase and lipase activities, and aggravated pancreatic interstitial oedema when compared with rats given caerulein alone. Sepimostat at 10 and 30 mg kg(-1) prevented the increase in plasma amylase and lipase activities caused by caerulein plus ethanol infusion. Sepimostat at 30 mg kg(-1) suppressed the histological change. Camostat did not show any preventive effects at the equivalent dose. When conscious rats were infused with 1 microg mL(-1) h(-1) caerulein alone intravenously for 6 h, plasma amylase and lipase activities were increased compared with rats given saline. Neither drug prevented the increase in these activities at 30mg kg(-1). Our results suggest that sepimostat has superior preventive effects on alcohol-induced acute pancreatic injury compared with camostat. Sepimostat may thus be a useful drug in the therapy of alcohol-induced pancreatitis.
CMV-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Lymph Nodes of Renal Transplant Recipients: A Rare but Special Breed (2012)

It is believed that the size of the CD8+ T cell pool is fixed and that with every new viral challenge the size of pre-existing memory cell population shrinks to make way for the new virus-specific cells. In hCMV-seropositive individuals a large part of the circulating CD8+ T cells is directed against hCMV. This prompted us to analyze hCMV-specific CD8+ T cells at sites where immune reactions are initiated, i.e. in lymph nodes (LN). LN and paired peripheral blood (PB) hCMV-IE- and pp65-specific CD8 T cells of kidney transplant recipients were analyzed for phenotype and function (granzyme content and cytokine profile) by FACS. Clonal relationships were studied by high-throughput-sequencing of the TCR-Vβ-CDR3 region. Only few hCMV-specific CD8+ T cells were found in LN and these contained substantial percentages of CCR7-expressing central-memory-type cells, a phenotype hardly found in blood. In contrast the percentage of CX3CR1-expressing hCMV-specific CD8+ T cells in LN was significantly decreased. CDR3 analysis revealed that hCMV-pp65-specific CD8+ T cells consisted of more clones in blood than in LN. Surprisingly some of these clones were unique for LN. In contrast hCMV-IE-specific CD8+ T cells consisted of only few clones that were identical between PB and LN. Thus hCMV-specific CD8+ T cells in LN are not likely to compete for space with other virus-specific cells, indicating that T cell responses to hCMV do not restrain reactions to other viruses. Moreover, the differences in phenotype and CDR3-usage between PB and LN suggest that hCMV-latency may be retained by functionally different clones.
Hydrido‐ und Methyl‐Iridium(III)‐Verbindungen mit schwach koordinierten anionischen Liganden; ein Weg zu kationischen Iridium(III)‐Komplexen (1982)

Abstract Hydrido‐ und Methyl‐Iridium(III)‐Komplexe (PPh 3 ) 2 (CO)ClRIrX ( 1 – 4 ) (R = H, CH 3 ) entstehen durch oxidative Addition der Säuren HX mit schwach koordinierenden Anionen X − (X − = O 3 SCF 3 − , O 3 SC 4 F 9 − , BF 4 − ) bzw. von (CH 3 ) 3 O + BF 4 − an (PPh 3 ) 2 (CO)ClIr. Die ausgezeichneten Abgangsgruppen X − lassen sich auch durch schwache neutrale σ‐ und π‐Donoren unter Bildung der kationischen Komplexe [(PPh 3 ) 2 (CO)ClRIrB] + X − ( 5 – 9 ) substituieren (B = PPh 3 , CH 3 CN, H 2 O, (CH 3 ) 2 CO, THF, C 2 H 4 ). Die Struktur der Schlüsselverbindung (PPh 3 ) 2 (CO)Cl(H)IrFBF 3 ( 3c ) mit koordiniertem Tetrafluoroborat wurde röntgenographisch bestimmt.
SHelp: Automatic Self-Healing for Multiple Application Instances in a Virtual Machine Environment (2010)

When multiple instances of an application running on multiple virtual machines, an interesting problem is how to utilize the fault handling result from one application instance to heal the same fault occurred on other sibling instances, and hence to ensure high service availability in a cloud computing environment. This paper presents SHelp, a lightweight runtime system that can survive software failures in the framework of virtual machines. It applies weighted rescue points and error virtualization techniques to effectively make applications by-pass the faulty path. A two-level storage hierarchy is adopted in the rescue point database for applications running on different virtual machines to share error handling information to reduce the redundancy and to more effectively and quickly recover from future faults caused by the same bugs. A Linux prototype is implemented and evaluated using four web server applications that contain various types of bugs. Our experimental results show that SHelp can make server applications to recover from these bugs in just a few seconds with modest performance overhead.
Some indium(III)-substituted polyoxotungstates of the Keggin and Dawson types (2005)

The indium(III)-substituted polyanions [In 3 Cl 2 ( B-α- PW 9 O 34 ) 2 ] 11– ( 1 ), [In 3 Cl 2 (P 2 W 15 O 56 ) 2 ] 17– ( 2 ), [In 4 (H 2 O) 10 ( β- AsW 9 O 32 OH) 2 ] 4– ( 3 ) and [In 4 (H 2 O) 10 ( β- SbW 9 O 33 ) 2 ] 6– ( 4 ) have been synthesized and characterized in the solid state by IR and elemental analysis and in solution by 183 W NMR. Single-crystal X-ray analysis was carried out on d , l -(NH 4 ) 11 [In 3 Cl 2 ( B-α- PW 9 O 34 ) 2 ]·16 H 2 O ( 1a ) which crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P 2 1 / n, with a = 17.5090(10) Å, b = 12.7361(7) Å, c = 18.7955(11) Å, β = 107.3030(10)° and Z = 2; d , l - (NH 4 ) 9 Na 8 [In 3 Cl 2 (P 2 W 15 O 56 ) 2 ]·39 H 2 O ( 2a ) crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>_</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> , with a = 13.0643(5) Å, b = 14.8901(6) Å, c = 19.8603(8) Å, α = 92.2920(10)°, β = 90.8680(10)°, γ = 100.5630(10)° and Z = 1; RbNa 3 [In 4 (H 2 O) 10 ( β- AsW 9 O 32 OH) 2 ]·36 H 2 O ( 3a) crystallizes also in the triclinic system, space group P <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>_</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> with a = 12.8142(5) Å, b = 12.8672(5) Å, c = 16.1794(7) Å, α = 91.1370(10)°, β = 105.9450(10)°, γ = 104.0980(10) and Z = 1; K 4 Na 2 [In 4 (H 2 O) 10 ( β- SbW 9 O 33 ) 2 ]·30 H 2 O ( 4a) crystallizes also in the triclinic system, space group P <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>_</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> , with a = 12.2306(9) Å, b = 12.7622(10) Å, c = 16.1639(12) Å, α = 73.9890(10)°, β = 76.5550(10)°, γ = 86.2130(10) and Z = 1. Synthesis of polyanions 1 – 4 has been accomplished by reaction of In 3+ ions with the lacunary precursors [ B-α- PW 9 O 34 ] 9–
Studies on Changes in Color and Flavor of Sake Caused by Exposure to Light and Storage (XV) Effect of Metals on Changes in Color by Storage (1971)

清酒の貯蔵着色に対する金属イオンの影響を調べた。清酒をDowex A-1で処理するとMn2+, Cu2+およびZn2+が効果的に除去され, 清酒の貯蔵着色が抑制された。Dowex A-1の塩酸溶出物 (M区分) のDowex A-1処理酒 (S-M区分) に対する効果はM区分を灰化しても変らないことから, M区分の効果は金属イオンによるものと考えられる。Mn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+およびZn2+の組合せのS-M区分の貯蔵着色に対する効果を調べた結果, S-M区分の貯蔵着色に対してMn2+, Cu2+およびFe3+が促進的に働いていることが明らかとなった。さらに, 各種樹脂と活性炭 (造粒) について金属の吸着能と清酒の着色防止に対する効果を比較した結果, 検討した試料中Dowex A-1が最もすぐれた効果を示した。
An early inflammatory gene profile in visceral adipose tissue in children (2011)

The aim of this study was to characterize expression profiles of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in children. Adipose tissue samples were collected from children having elective surgery (n = 71, [54 boys], 6.0 ± 4.3 years). Affymetrix microarrays (n = 20) were performed to characterize the functional profile and identify genes of interest in adipose tissue. Visceral adipose tissue had an overrepresentation of Gene Ontology themes related to immune and inflammatory responses and subcutaneous adipose tissue had an overrepresentation of themes related to adipocyte growth and development. Likewise, qPCR performed in the whole cohort showed a 30-fold increase in haptoglobin (P = 0.005), 7-fold increase in IL-10 (P < 0.001), 8-fold decrease in VEGF (P = 0.01) and a 28-fold decrease in TBOX15 (P < 0.001) in visceral compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue. The inflammatory pattern in visceral adipose tissue may represent an early stage of the adverse effects of this depot, and combined with chronic obesity, may contribute to increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk.
Concurrent Zero-Knowledge is Easy in Practice. (1999)

We show that if any one-way function exists, then 3-round concurrent zero-knowledge arguments for all NP problems can be built in a model where a short auxiliary string with a prescribed distribution is available to the players. We also show that all known efficient identification schemes using specialized assumptions can be modified to work in this model with no essential loss of efficiency. We argue that the assumptions of the model will be satisfied in most practical scenarios where public key cryptography is used, in particular our construction works given any secure public key infrastructure. Finally, we point out that in a model with preprocessing (and no auxiliary string) proposed earlier, concurrent zero-knowledge for NP can be based on any one-way function.
SU‐GG‐T‐432: Implementation of Modular Phase Space IO in Geant4 with Enhanced Latch Capability (2010)

Purpose: Write general‐purpose, modular code for phase space input and output in Geant4 including latch and npass. Method and Materials: Geant4.9.3 does not include the ability to read or write phase space files. These files are useful for dividing the simulation into parts, for example, into patient‐independent and patient‐specific parts. Stand‐alone classes inheriting from G4VPrimitiveScorer and G4VPrimaryGenerator were written for writing and reading phase space in IAEA format. Latch mechanisms are not stand‐alone and require implementation of (provided) G4User classes for tracking. Results: Phase space I/O is implemented in Geant4. For writing, several types of surfaces are allowed, including planes, spherical sections, cylindrical sections, surfaces enclosing a volume. Multiple surfaces of any orientation and geometry are allowed. The concept of latch in BEAMnrc (particle interacted in a region) was expanded to include: particle interacted in a region; particle passed through a region; similarly for ancestors; type of interaction in particle's history; type of ancestor particle; and user‐defined. The user defines the interactions, particles, and regions of interest via get/set functions. As in BEAMnrc, an integer npass records the number of times a particle crosses a phase space surface, which is particularly valuable in studies of backscatter. The MGH proton treatment facility was simulated with phase space files recorded at the phantom surface. Spectra using the various latch cuts were generated, demonstrating the capabilities of latching on regions, interactions, or ancestors. Conclusions: Phase space I/O capabilities have been implemented for Geant4. The classes are easy to incorporate into existing code, allowing writing on different surface geometries, and extend the Latch functionality of BEAMnrc. Support: Support from NIH grant 1R01CA140735‐01.
Fibrous‐Clay based Bionanocomposites (2014)

Fibrous‐Clay based Bionanocomposites
Reservoir Simulation Using Smart Proxy in SACROC Unit - Case Study (2016)

Abstract In oil and gas industry, quick decisions on reservoir management have a huge impact on business success. Reservoir simulation is used as a typical tool to predict field performance and analyze uncertainties for assistance on decision making. Nevertheless, history matching, as a critical step of reservoir simulation, typically requires running a numerical simulation model repeatedly with different parameter settings, which is a huge computational cost, especially for complicated geological models with numerous grid cells. For reservoir engineers, how to achieve efficient reservoir simulation by taking full advantage of field data without compromise on the simulation time is a big concern. In this work, Smart Proxy, as a relative new proxy model type, is proposed to investigate the feasibility of fastening history matching process as an alternative. Smart Proxy is an ensemble of Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining (AI&amp;DM) technologies that are able to learn and replicate the behavior of reservoir simulation model with high accuracy. It can be developed off line and put online for automatic history matching at high speed such that a single run can be performed in a fraction of a second (Mohaghegh 2006). This paper presents the Smart Proxy generation and its implementation in a real oilfield simulation case named SACROC Unit. It essentially involves detailing numerical reservoir simulation and Smart Proxy generation for a naturally fractured carbonate numerical simulation model with highly complicated development stages. The developed Smart Proxy is implemented to perform automatic history matching in the designated study area of SACROC Unit. The efficient history matching has been proven to be successfully accomplished using Smart Proxy simulation. Tremendous time and efforts have been saved without any compromise on simulation accuracy compared with that of traditional numerical reservoir simulation method.
Airborne Gravity Measurements (2019)

A system using a helicopter, 30 to 70 knots, was perfected in the early 1970s, a slow flying airplane system, 80 to 130 knots, became available in the early 1980s, and an over water fast airplane system, 200 to 320 knots, was flown in the mid 1980s. This chapter presents data from surveys flown using the helicopter and slow fixed-wing system. Accuracies of these systems when compared to ground data are between 1 and 2 mgals. The first reported tests of airborne gravity measurements in the late 1950s and 1960 were feasibility trials. Available fixed-wing aircraft were used. Systems were installed consisting of marine type gravity meters, available photo-grammetric cameras and/or doppler radar for positioning and some unique hypsometers for vertical variation measurements. The basic aim of the test program was to create a helicopter-transported gravity and magnetic surveying system to be used for petroleum exploration.
Dispersion Behavior of Solutes in an Ideal Laminar Flow with Small-Bore Glass Tubes (1989)

Abstract The dispersion behavior of solute molecules injected as a sample plug into an ideal laminar capillary flow was experimentally analyzed by means of microscopic and microphotometric methods. The flow pattern in small-bore glass tubes was directly observed by the microscopic method using a camera. The peak responses obtained for the colored solutes by means of the microphotometric method consist of double-humped peak features which resulted from both laminar flow convection and the molecular diffusion of solute molecules at the parabolic interface between the sample plug and the carrier fluid. The influences of the diffusion coefficient of the solute, the flow rate, the tube length, the tube diameter, etc. were mainly investigated in order to guide the design and optimization of the flow systems of capillary liquid chromatography (CLC), capillary electrophoresis (CEP), flow-injection analysis (FIA), etc. The experimental results obtained here are in good agreement with the theoretical results obtained by the numerical solution for the diffusion-convection equation.
Transient versioning for consistency and concurrency in client-server systems (2002)

Synchronization and cache consistency limit the performance of data-shipping client-server systems. Both the problems arise because existing methods treat cached data as replicated data. The paper proposes a new method using transient versioning concepts to reduce the effect of these problems. Copies of data in different client caches are treated as different versions of the data. Multiple versions reduce cache consistency overhead since updating a data page creates a new version and does not require invalidating copies of that page in other caches. The transient versions also increase concurrency by allowing multiple readers and one writer to simultaneously access the same page. Simulation experiments show that this method performs better than the existing methods in different environments and is easily adaptable to mixed and/or changing workloads.
Testing for Endocrine Disruption: How Much is Enough? (2002)

The article highlighted in this issue is "Comparison of the Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of Diethylstilbestrol Administered to Rats in Utero, Lactationally, Preweaning or from Weaning" by J. Odum, P. A. Lefevre, H. Tinwell, J. P. Van Miller, R. L. Joiner, R. E. Chapin, N. T. Wallis and J. Ashby (pp. 147-163).
Alternating Current‐Driven Oxide Powder Electroluminescent Device Employing Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanowire Array (2019)

A novel type of AC‐driven oxide powder electroluminescent (EL) device is demonstrated. The device is based on stable heterogeneous junctions between Mn 2+ ‐activated zinc germanate (Zn 2 GeO 4 :Mn) oxide phosphor and a vertically aligned ZnO nanowire array. The ZnO nanowire array is synthesized on an ITO‐coated glass substrate via a hydrothermal growth method. A stable phosphor–nanowire junction is formed by simple drop‐coating of a Zn 2 GeO 4 :Mn oxide phosphor suspension on the nanowire layer followed by annealing at 400 °C for 3 h. Bright green light (≈20 cd m −2 ) with a wavelength of 535 nm from the as‐fabricated EL device is observed, and the as‐fabricated device shows excellent stability in air, maintaining a brightness of ≈10 cd m −2 for 15 days with less than 2.5% intensity loss. The electroluminescence emission mechanism is discussed in detail. This new and facile strategy to build an oxide powder EL device can enable cost‐effective, highly stable, and energy‐efficient devices for lighting or display applications.
A GaInAsP/InP grating filter multiple-stripe laser array operating in in-phase lateral- and single-longitudinal-mode (1992)

The in-phase lateral- and single-longitudinal-mode operation of a 1.5- mu m GaInAsP/InP laser array was demonstrated. The array consists of a positive-index-guide multiple-stripe array region and an unguided grating filter region. The advantage of this laser array is experimentally confirmed by comparing with the multiple-stripe DFB type laser array without the grating filter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Domestication of High-Copy Transposons Underlays the Wheat Small RNA Response to an Obligate Pathogen (2019)

Plant genomes have evolved several evolutionary mechanisms to tolerate and make use of transposable elements (TEs). Of these, transposon domestication into cis-regulatory and microRNA (miRNA) sequences is proposed to contribute to abiotic/biotic stress adaptation in plants. The wheat genome is derived at 85% from TEs, and contains thousands of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs), whose sequences are particularly prone for domestication into miRNA precursors. In this study, we investigate the contribution of TEs to the wheat small RNA immune response to the lineage-specific, obligate powdery mildew pathogen. We show that MITEs of the Mariner superfamily contribute the largest diversity of miRNAs to the wheat immune response. In particular, MITE precursors of miRNAs are wide-spread over the wheat genome, and highly conserved copies are found in the Lr34 and QPm.tut-4A mildew resistance loci. Our work suggests that transposon domestication is an important evolutionary force driving miRNA functional innovation in wheat immunity.