gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the geometry of predictive control with nonlinear constraints (2008)

Abstract. This paper proposes a geometrical analysis of the polyhedral feasible domains for the predictive control laws under constraints. The state vector is interpreted as a vector of parameters for the optimization problem to be solved at each sampling instant and its influence can be fully described by the use of parameterized polyhedra and their dual constraints/generators representation. The construction of the associated explicit control laws at least for linear or quadratic cost functions can thus receive fully geometrical solutions. Convex nonlinear constraints can be approximated using a description based on the parameterized vertices. In the case of nonconvex regions the explicit solutions can be obtained using Voronoi partitions based on a collection of points distributed over the borders of the feasible domain. 1
A Clinical Evaluation of a Delayed Release Preparation of Metformin (1973)

The efficacy of a delayed release preparation of metformin (‘Obin’)† has been evaluated in 60 diabetic patients either obese and uncontrolled by diet alone or true primary or secondary failures to sulphonylurea treatment. The results show no difference in the therapeutic response between single and twice daily administration of ‘Obin’; likewise there was no difference in frequency of side-effects.
Structural Basis for Allosteric Coupling Between G Protein and the Agonist‐Binding Pocket in GPCRs (2016)

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) translate extracellular ligand binding into intracellular signaling responses via allosteric communication between two distant binding sites. For many GPCRs, allosteric communication between agonists and G proteins has been observed in the form of G protein‐mediated enhancement of agonist affinity. However, the mechanism by which G proteins allosterically regulate a receptor's orthosteric ligand binding site has remained unclear. Based on recent crystal structures of the β 2 ‐adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR), we hypothesized that stabilization of an active receptor conformation by nucleotide‐free G protein leads to closing of the receptor's orthosteric site around a bound agonist, thus slowing agonist dissociation and enhancing affinity. Using purified receptors reconstituted into high‐density lipoprotein (rHDL) particles, we performed equilibrium and kinetic radioligand binding assays to characterize the allosteric effects of G protein and G protein‐mimetic nanobodies on the ligand‐binding properties of multiple GPCRs. We also investigated the contribution of individual residues within β 2 AR in mediating high‐affinity agonist binding. When β 2 AR was bound to nucleotide‐free Gs heterotrimer, we observed slowed association of the antagonist [ 3 H]DHAP, which was reversible by GDP or GTPγS. A Gs‐mimetic nanobody (Nb80), like the nucleotide‐free G protein, slowed [ 3 H]DHAP association but also slowed [ 3 H]DHAP dissociation. However, this effect was not antagonist‐specific, as Nb80 also inhibited association of the full agonist [ 3 H]formoterol, the partial agonist [ 3 H]CGP‐12177, and the inverse agonist [ 3 H]carvedilol. Mutation of tyrosine 308 to alanine in β 2 AR abolished the rate‐slowing effects of Nb80 on antagonist and agonist association. Together, these data suggest that transit into or out of the orthosteric site in the active β 2 AR conformation (stabilized by either Gs or Nb80) is restricted due to closing of the orthosteric site, and that Tyr308 of β 2 AR is an important residue for controlling access to the orthosteric site. Interestingly, the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and mu opioid receptor behaved similarly to β 2 AR when bound to nucleotide‐free G protein or G protein‐mimetic nanobodies, suggesting that G protein‐mediated closing of the orthosteric site may extend to GPCRs beyond β 2 AR and the amine receptor family. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by AHA 13PRE17110027 and NIH GM083118.
False-positive reactions for IgA anti-phospholipid and anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein I antibodies in patients with IgA monoclonal gammopathy. (1999)

We report here that measurements of IgA anti-cardiolipin (aCL) and anti-β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) antibodies are unreliable in patients with IgA monoclonal gammopathies (MGs). MGs are characterized by monoclonal immunoglobulins produced by a proliferating B-lymphocyte clone. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the most common type of MG (1); the monoclonal component (MC) is IgA in 15–25% of MGs (2).

aCL antibodies, originally described in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (3), have been detected in patients with other autoimmune diseases (4)(5) and in the antiphospholipid syndrome (6)(7) as well as in nonrheumatologic disorders (8) and in healthy individuals (9)(10)(11). In patients with connective tissue diseases and antiphospholipid syndrome, aCL antibodies are most frequently IgG, followed by IgM. Kalunian et al. (12), however, reported a high incidence of IgA, rather than IgG-aCL antibodies associated with thrombosis and fetal loss, and other reports have suggested that IgA-aCL antibodies may have a clinical meaning even in the absence of IgG- or IgM-aCL (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Their prevalence in healthy subjects seems negligible; in a series of 389 healthy pregnant women, Lynch et al. (22) found only one positive case (0.3%). Therefore, to properly assess the risk of thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and recurrent abortions in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, the determination of IgA-aCL antibodies has been recommended (18)(21). Very recently, the same recommendation was also made for anti-β2GPI antibody determination because anti-β2GPI restricted to the IgA isotype can be found in the sera of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with thrombosis (23).

IgG- or IgM-aCL activity has been described occasionally in subjects with MG (24)(25)(26)(27), but …
150 MVA RF Generator (1979)

小形マルクスゼネレータ, 真空ギャップ, 大容量シリコンダイオードなどを利用した新方式の発振器を動作させ, 1MHz, 150MVAの強力な高周波発振に成功した。さらに, 本発振器をトロイダルプラズマ実験に応用した。この高周波発振器は, 高ベータプラズマの動的制御の研究に極めて有用である。
Sugar Alcohols (2011)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Polyols, General 2. Xylitol 2.1. Physical and Chemical Properties 2.2. Production 2.3. Specifications, Analysis, and Legal Aspects 2.4. Uses 2.5. Metabolism, Tolerance, and Safety 2.6. Producers 3. Sorbitol 3.1. Physical and Chemical Properties 3.2. Raw Materials and Production 3.3. Environmental Protection 3.4. Analysis 3.5. Storage and Transportation 3.6. Legal Aspects 3.7. Uses 3.8. Physiology, Tolerance, Toxicology 3.9. Producers 3.10. Economic Aspects 4. Mannitol 4.1. Physical and Chemical Properties 4.2. Raw Materials and Production 4.3. Analysis 4.4. Uses 4.5. Physiology, Tolerance, Toxicology 4.6. Economic Aspects 5. Isomaltulose and Trehalulose, Isomalt 5.1. Isomaltulose and Trehalulose 5.1.1. Physical and Chemical Properties 5.1.2. Production 5.1.3. Uses 5.1.4. Economic Aspects 5.2. Isomalt 5.2.1. Physical and Chemical Properties 5.2.2. Production 5.2.3. Uses 5.2.4. Economic Aspects 6. Lactitol 6.1. Physical, Chemical, and Physiological Properties 6.2. Production 6.3. Analysis and Regulatory Status 6.4. Uses 6.5. Economic Aspects 7. Maltitol and Maltitol-Containing Syrups 7.1. Maltitol-Containing Syrups 7.2. Maltitol 7.3. Economic Aspects 8. Erythritol 8.1. Physical, Chemical, and Physiological Properties 8.2. Production 8.3. Analysis and Regulatory Status 8.4. Uses 8.5. Economic Aspects
Atmospheric Trends and Lifetime of CH3CCI3and Global OH Concentrations (1995)

Determination of the atmospheric concentrations and lifetime of trichloroethane (CH(3)CCI(3)) is very important in the context of global change. This halocarbon is involved in depletion of ozone, and the hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations determined from its lifetime provide estimates of the lifetimes of most other hydrogen-containing gases involved in the ozone layer and climate. Global measurements of trichloroethane indicate rising concentrations before and declining concentrations after late 1991. The lifetime of CH(3)CCI(3) in the total atmosphere is 4.8 +/- 0.3 years, which is substantially lower than previously estimated. The deduced hydroxyl radical concentration, which measures the atmosphere's oxidizing capability, shows little change from 1978 to 1994.
Host Range of A/Chicken/Pennsylvania/83 (H5N2) Influenza Virus (1985)

The highly pathogenic A/Chicken/Penn./1370/83 (H5N2) avian influenza virus, which caused 80% mortality in chickens in Pennsylvania, produced only mild transient illness in experimentally infected pheasants, little or no clinical signs in ring-billed gulls and pigs, and no clinical signs in pekin ducks. Virus could be recovered from only the upper respiratory tract of gulls and pigs for 1-2 days. Infection in ducks resulted in intestinal replication of virus in only 1 out of 12 ducks. By contrast, pheasants shed virus in feces (10(4.7) EID50) for at least 15 days. These studies reinforce wildlife surveillance findings indicating that gulls and ducks are unlikely to have transmitted virus between chicken farms during the 1983 outbreak. Although experimental data suggest that wild gallinaceous birds such as pheasants are potentially capable of virus transmission, there has been no evidence of this from wildlife surveillance in Pennsylvania. Experimental infection of chickens with H5N2 virus isolated from wild ducks one year before the Pennsylvania outbreak or a gull virus (H5N1) isolated in the quarantine area in 1983 resulted in asymptomatic infections and virus replication occurring only in the upper respiratory tract. These studies suggest that if the first H5N2 virus infecting chickens in Pennsylvania originated from waterbirds, changes in host specificity and pathogenicity for chickens and other gallinaceous birds probably occurred during emergence of the Chicken/Penn./83 virus. It is recommended that attention be given in the future to the isolation of domestic poultry from contact with wild aquatic birds.
Transfer learning by feature-space transformation: A method for Hippocampus segmentation across scanners (2018)

Many successful approaches in MR brain segmentation use supervised voxel classification, which requires manually labeled training images that are representative of the test images to segment. However, the performance of such methods often deteriorates if training and test images are acquired with different scanners or scanning parameters, since this leads to differences in feature representations between training and test data. In this paper we propose a feature-space transformation (FST) to overcome such differences in feature representations. The proposed FST is derived from unlabeled images of a subject that was scanned with both the source and the target scan protocol. After an affine registration, these images give a mapping between source and target voxels in the feature space. This mapping is then used to map all training samples to the feature representation of the test samples. We evaluated the benefit of the proposed FST on hippocampus segmentation. Experiments were performed on two datasets: one with relatively small differences between training and test images and one with large differences. In both cases, the FST significantly improved the performance compared to using only image normalization. Additionally, we showed that our FST can be used to improve the performance of a state-of-the-art patch-based-atlas-fusion technique in case of large differences between scanners.
Synthese des Benzylethers von Virginiamycin S1 (1986)

Abstract Die Synthese des Benzylethers von Virginiamycin S 1 ( 1 ) wird beschrieben. Hierzu wird das Dipeptid Boc‐MePhe‐4Kps‐OH ( 22 ) mit dem Depsipeptid Pic(3‐OBzl)‐Thr(H‐Phg‐)‐D‐Abu‐Pro‐OBu t ( 19 , 20 ) durch EDCI/DMAP gekuppelt. Nach Abspaltung der Schutzgruppen wird mit dem gleichen Reagenz cyclisiert. Die Synthese der Depsipeptidfragmente 12 , 18 ist optimiert worden. Trotzdem racemisieren 20% des Phenylglycins bei der Veresterung. Eine Abtrennung des Epimeren gelingt nicht.
Characterization of Fly Ashes for Sulfate Resistance (2013)

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High Tech Meets High Touch: Telemedicineʼs Contribution to Patient Well ness (1998)

Telemedicine is potentially an important feature of the continuum of care for the 21st century. It saves time, money, and energy for providers and patients, but is largely unreimbursed by third-party payers, and faces significant legal and attitudinal barriers. This article explores the major elements that support and hinder telemedicine as a viable option for patient care services. Barriers-reimbursement, attitudes, infrastructure, and training-must be offset by positive factors such as industry sponsorship of telemedicine equipment, positive clinical outcomes, and cost savings if implementation rates are to increase. Suggestions are made to nurse administrators who seek to pursue implementation of telemedicine technology.
University of Washington Clinical Neutron Facility: Report on 26 Years of Operation (2011)

Particle radiotherapy facilities are highly capital intensive and must operate over decades to recoup the original investment. We describe the successful, long‐term operation of a neutron radiotherapy center at the University of Washington, which has been operating continuously since September 1984. To date, 2836 patients have received neutron radiotherapy. The mission of the facility has also evolved to include the production of unique radioisotopes that cannot be made with the low‐energy cyclotrons more commonly found in nuclear medicine departments. The facility is also used for neutron damage testing for industrial devices. In this paper, we describe the challenges of operating such a facility over an extended time period, including a planned maintenance and upgrade program serving diverse user groups, and summarize the major clinical results in terms of tumor control and normal tissue toxicity. Over time, the mix of patients being treated has shifted from common tumors such as prostate cancer, lung cancer, and squamous cell tumors of the head and neck to the rarer tumors such as salivary gland tumors and sarcomas due to the results of clinical trials. Current indications for neutron radiotherapy are described and neutron tolerance doses for a range of normal tissues presented.
A multicenter study evaluating the frequency and time requirement of mechanical thrombectomy (2017)

These findings indicate that the majority of mechanical thrombectomy cases occur during non-work hours, with associated off-hours delays, which has important operational implications for hospitals implementing stroke call coverage.
Antigen-loaded MR1 tetramers define T cell receptor heterogeneity in mucosal-associated invariant T cells (2013)

Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) express a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) α-chain, TRAV1-2-TRAJ33, and are activated by vitamin B metabolites bound by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-related class I-like molecule, MR1. Understanding MAIT cell biology has been restrained by the lack of reagents to specifically identify and characterize these cells. Furthermore, the use of surrogate markers may misrepresent the MAIT cell population. We show that modified human MR1 tetramers loaded with the potent MAIT cell ligand, reduced 6-hydroxymethyl-8-D-ribityllumazine (rRL-6-CH₂OH), specifically detect all human MAIT cells. Tetramer(+) MAIT subsets were predominantly CD8(+) or CD4(-)CD8(-), although a small subset of CD4(+) MAIT cells was also detected. Notably, most human CD8(+) MAIT cells were CD8α(+)CD8β(-/lo), implying predominant expression of CD8αα homodimers. Tetramer-sorted MAIT cells displayed a T(H)1 cytokine phenotype upon antigen-specific activation. Similarly, mouse MR1-rRL-6-CH₂OH tetramers detected CD4(+), CD4(-)CD8(-) and CD8(+) MAIT cells in Vα19 transgenic mice. Both human and mouse MAIT cells expressed a broad TCR-β repertoire, and although the majority of human MAIT cells expressed TRAV1-2-TRAJ33, some expressed TRAJ12 or TRAJ20 genes in conjunction with TRAV1-2. Accordingly, MR1 tetramers allow precise phenotypic characterization of human and mouse MAIT cells and revealed unanticipated TCR heterogeneity in this population.
Deep Learning for Activity Recognition in Older People Using a Pocket-Worn Smartphone (2020)

Activity recognition can provide useful information about an older individual's activity level and encourage older people to become more active to live longer in good health. This study aimed to develop an activity recognition algorithm for smartphone accelerometry data of older people. Deep learning algorithms, including convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM), were evaluated in this study. Smartphone accelerometry data of free-living activities, performed by 53 older people (83.8 ± 3.8 years; 38 male) under standardized circumstances, were classified into lying, sitting, standing, transition, walking, walking upstairs, and walking downstairs. A 1D CNN, a multichannel CNN, a CNN-LSTM, and a multichannel CNN-LSTM model were tested. The models were compared on accuracy and computational efficiency. Results show that the multichannel CNN-LSTM model achieved the best classification results, with an 81.1% accuracy and an acceptable model and time complexity. Specifically, the accuracy was 67.0% for lying, 70.7% for sitting, 88.4% for standing, 78.2% for transitions, 88.7% for walking, 65.7% for walking downstairs, and 68.7% for walking upstairs. The findings indicated that the multichannel CNN-LSTM model was feasible for smartphone-based activity recognition in older people.
Infrared adaptive optics system for the 6.5-m MMT: system status and prototype results (1998)

The Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT) is now being replaced by a single 6.5m telescope which will have an integral adaptive optics system optimized for near IR operation. We illustrate key results obtained with low-order adaptive optics at the MMT and report on progress on the major components of the system for the new telescope. We also give a brief update on the status of the telescope itself. First light for the adaptive system is expected in mid 1999.
Use of a New Method in Reaching Consensus on the Cause of Cytologic-Histologic Correlation Discrepancy (2006)

Pathologists exhibit very poor agreement in adjudicating the cause of cytologic-histologic correlation discrepancies, which contributes to problems in designing interventions to reduce discrepancy frequency. In this observational study, we developed a visual method of adjudicating discrepancy cause, termed the No-Blame Box method, which consisted of initially assessing specimen interpretability by separately evaluating specimen quality and the presence of tumor. Five pathologists blindly adjudicated the cause of discrepancy in pulmonary specimens from 40 patients. The statistic of all pathologist pairs in adjudicating discrepancy cause using the No-Blame Box method ranged from 0.400 to 0.796, indicating acceptable to excellent agreement. Pathologists ranged in their assessment of specimen interpretability from 13% to 20%, and in no case did all 5 pathologists concur that a specimen was interpretable. Most discrepancies resulted from pathologists diagnosing noninterpretable samples. Pathologists who used the No-Blame Box showed significant agreement in the adjudication of discrepancy cause.
Development of 60 A, TO-220-packaged, double-interdigitated (TIL) GTO thyristors with enhanced electrothermal reliability (1986)

A rigorous developmental design is performed with the aim of achieving the limits of the peak interruptable anode current I ATO in the recently reported TO-220-packaged, high-voltage double-interdigitated (TIL) GTO thyristors. The 8 mm2-area trial devices possess a safe operating value of I ATO = 60 A under the heaviest possible on-state power dissipation conditions. This value of I ATO, which exceeds even the non-repetitive peak on-state current I TSM (50 A) of test TIL GTOs and which corresponds to a peak switched current density of 750 A/cm2, is the highest ever reported for this class of GTOs (with identical device area and case). The devices have good reliability at high commutation frequencies under heavy load conditions. They possess an excellent turn-on sensitivity accompanied by an immunity to noise (high dV/dt capability).
Thermodynamic Modeling of the SRS Evaporators: Part I. The 2H and 2F System (2002)

Accumulations of two solid phases occurred in the Savanah River Site (SRS) 2H-Evaporator system since late 1996. The aluminosilicate scale deposits caused the evaporator to become inoperable in October 1999. Accumulations of the diuranate phase have caused criticality concerns in the SRS 2H-Evaporator. In this study, thermodynamically derived activity diagrams, also known as stability diagrams, are developed from historic analytic data from the SRS 2H-Evaporator system feed tank (Tank 43H) and drop tank (Tank 38H) in order to understand the tank chemistry conditions that caused the scale formation in the 2H-Evaporator. The SRS 2F-Evaporator system, which is not precipitating aluminosilicate solids, is modeled for comparison.
Strategies for Coordination of a Serosurvey in Parallel with an Immunization Coverage Survey (2015)

A community-based immunization coverage survey is the standard way to estimate effective vaccination delivery to a target population in a region. Accompanying serosurveys can provide objective measures of protective immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases but pose considerable challenges with respect to specimen collection and preservation and community compliance. We performed serosurveys coupled to immunization coverage surveys in three administrative districts (woredas) in rural Ethiopia. Critical to the success of this effort were serosurvey equipment and supplies, team composition, and tight coordination with the coverage survey. Application of these techniques to future studies may foster more widespread use of serosurveys to derive more objective assessments of vaccine-derived seroprotection and monitor and compare the performance of immunization services in different districts of a country.
A superstatistics approach to the modelling of memristor current-voltage responses (2022)

Memristors are expected to form a major cornerstone in the upcoming renaissance of analog computing, owing to their very small spatial footprint and low power consumption. Due to the nature of their structure and operation, the response of a memristor is intrinsically tied to local variabilities in the device. This characteristic is amplified by currently employed semiconductor fabrication processes, which introduce spatial inhomogeneities into the structural fabric that makes up the layers of memristors. In this work, we propose a novel q-deformed current-voltage model for memristors based on the superstatistics framework, which allows the description of system-level responses while taking local variabilities into account. Applied on a Ag-Cu based synaptic memory cell, we demonstrate that our model has a 4-14% lower error than currently used models. Additionally, we show how the resulting q-parameter can be used to make statements about the internal makeup of the memristor, giving insights to spatial inhomogeneities and quality control.