gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutations in the Genes for Oocyte-Derived Growth Factors GDF9 and BMP15 Are Associated with Both Increased Ovulation Rate and Sterility in Cambridge and Belclare Sheep (Ovis aries)1 (2004)

Belclare and Cambridge are prolific sheep breeds, the origins of which involved selecting ewes with exceptionally high litter size records from commercial flocks. The variation in ovulation rate in both breeds is consistent with segregation of a gene (or genes) with a large effect on this trait. Sterile ewes, due to a failure of normal ovarian follicle development, occur in both breeds. New naturally occurring mutations in genes for the oocyte-derived growth factors growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) are described. These mutations are associated with increased ovulation rate in heterozygous carriers and sterility in homozygous carriers in both breeds. This is the first time that a mutation in the gene for GDF9 has been found that causes increased ovulation rate and infertility in a manner similar to inactivating mutations in BMP15, and shows that GDF9 is essential for normal folliculogenesis in sheep. Furthermore, it is shown, for the first time in any species, that individuals with mutations in both GDF9 and BMP15 have a greater ovulation rate than sheep with either of the mutations separately.
Soft Magnetic Multilayered FeSiCrB–Fe$_{x}$N Metallic Glass Composites Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering (2019)

Novel multilayered FeSiCrB-Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N (1 = 2-4) metallic glass composites were fabricated using spark plasma sintering of FeSiCrB amorphous ribbons (Metglas 2605SA3 alloy) and Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N (1 = 2-4) powder. Crystalline Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N can serve as a high magnetic moment, high electrical resistance binder, and lamination material in the consolidation of amorphous and nanocrystalline ribbons, mitigating eddy currents while boosting magnetic performance and stacking factor in both wound and stacked soft magnetic cores. Stacking factors of nearly 100% can be achieved in an amorphous ribbon/iron nitride composite. FeSiCrB-Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N multilayered metallic glass composites prepared by spark plasma sintering have the potential to serve as a next-generation soft magnetic material in power electronics and electrical machines.
[Inflammatory bowel disease: a "survival kit" for general practitioners]. (2010)

There are approximately 12000 patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Switzerland. IBD can be debilitating not only because of the direct consequences in the gut but also because of extraintestinal manifestations. An early diagnosis is the key in defining optimal therapeutic interventions. The management is multidisciplinary and the general practitioner should work in direct collaboration with a gastroenterologist. Optimal management should aim at inducing and maintaining remission as well as reducing the risk of complications such as abcesses, fistulas or colorectal cancer.
Science communication challenges about antimicrobial resistance in animal agriculture: insights from stakeholders (2022)

Communicating about AMR and AMS in animal agriculture contexts provide unique challenges. Few evidence-based recommendations are available for science communicators in these contexts and more research is needed to improve the quality of communication about AMR and AMS in animal agriculture.
Synthetic approaches to monofluoroalkenes (2011)

Monofluoroalkenes are an important fluorinated class of compounds with applications in medicinal chemistry, material sciences and organic chemistry. An overview of methods allowing synthetic access to these fluorinated building blocks is provided. In particular, this critical review, which covers publications up to October 2010, will be divided according to the substitution pattern of the monofluoroalkenes, i.e. di-, tri- or tetra-substituted. Within each group, the various synthetic approaches will be divided according to the reaction type (282 references).
Ultra-Fast XRF Spectrometer Based on a Novel High-Performance Ring-Shaped Semiconductor Drift Detector (2006)

An ultra-fast XRF spectrometer based on a novel ring-shaped semiconductor drift detector (SDD) and on a novel readout and processing electronics is introduced and its performance is discussed. The new detector is based on 4 independent "droplet" type SDDs monolithically integrated on the same chip. The detector shape optimizes the collection angle for the fluorescence radiation. The excitation X-ray beam is focused on the sample by means of a polycapillary lens through the hole cut in the center of the detector. The "droplet" type SDD is characterized by a better energy resolution and a better peak-to-valley ratio with respect to the ones of "conventional" SDDs. The energy resolution is of the order of 130 eV on the Mn Kalpha line with 1 mus shaping time at -20degC and the peak-to-valley ratio is of the order of 6000. In order to fully exploit the detection rate performances of this detector we have developed a novel read-out electronic unit. This unit allows the shaping time selection between 150 ns (high rate measurements) and 450 ns (high resolution measurements). Thanks to the on-board histogramming capability a total count-rate higher than 3 Mcounts/s can be reached on the four SDDs
Reliability of dual-damascene local interconnects featuring cobalt on 10 nm logic technology (2018)

This paper discusses the reliability of a new metallization scheme for 10nm back end of line (BEOL) local interconnect. Electromigration (EM) and time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) on cobalt fill interconnects are investigated. Significant innovation in process manufacturing are delivered to meet the reliability challenges of technology scaling. Electromigration time to failure is observed to be at least four orders of magnitude higher for Co fill interconnects compared to Cu alloy metallurgy. Intrinsic TDDB reliability for Co/low-k ILD meets the expectations and surpasses the capability of Cu/low-k ILD systems with E-field acceleration factor of ~5 cm/MV using E-model fit. Wafer level stress induced voiding reliability on Co shows superior intrinsic properties with respect to Cu.
Microfluidic Synthesis of Indomethacin-Loaded PLGA Microparticles Optimized by Machine Learning (2021)

Several attempts have been made to encapsulate indomethacin (IND), to control its sustained release and reduce its side effects. To develop a successful formulation, drug release from a polymeric matrix and subsequent biodegradation need to be achieved. In this study, we focus on combining microfluidic and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, alongside using biomaterials, to generate drug-loaded polymeric microparticles (MPs). Our strategy is based on using Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) as a biodegradable polymer for the generation of a controlled drug delivery vehicle, with IND as an example of a poorly soluble drug, a 3D flow focusing microfluidic chip as a simple device synthesis particle, and machine learning using artificial neural networks (ANNs) as an in silico tool to generate and predict size-tunable PLGA MPs. The influence of different polymer concentrations and the flow rates of dispersed and continuous phases on PLGA droplet size prediction in a microfluidic platform were assessed. Subsequently, the developed ANN model was utilized as a quick guide to generate PLGA MPs at a desired size. After conditions optimization, IND-loaded PLGA MPs were produced, and showed larger droplet sizes than blank MPs. Further, the proposed microfluidic system is capable of producing monodisperse particles with a well-controllable shape and size. IND-loaded-PLGA MPs exhibited acceptable drug loading and encapsulation efficiency (7.79 and 62.35%, respectively) and showed sustained release, reaching approximately 80% within 9 days. Hence, combining modern technologies of machine learning and microfluidics with biomaterials can be applied to many pharmaceutical applications, as a quick, low cost, and reproducible strategy.
Regulation of Antigen Processing Molecules in Adenovirally Engineered Human Dendritic Cells (48.10) (2007)

Abstract Multiple strategies utilizing the inherent immunostimulatory ability of dendritic cells (DC) are being tested as cancer vaccines. Our group has focused on recombinant adenoviral vectors (AdV) as vehicles for antigen engineering of DC in order to harness their immunostimulatory ability and activate multiple tumor antigen-specific T cell specificities. Previously we have found that AdV transduction can skew DC towards mature phenotype, and that cytokine-induced maturation of DC can upregulate the level of key components of antigen processing machinery (APM). In this study we have investigated the effects of AdV transduction on APM component expression levels in human DC and have compared these values to the level of APM components in immature (iDC) and in IFN-γ/LPS-matured (mDC) DC. The level of surface markers and of APM components in DC transduced with AdV was intermediate between that in iDC and in mDC, suggesting that AdV induces an intermediary level of DC maturation. Immunoproteasome subunits LMP2 and LMP7, peptide transporter TAP2 and chaperone tapasin are upregulated after AdV transduction. Interestingly, peptide transporter TAP1, which is upregulated in mDC, shows little change in AdV-infected DC when compared to iDC. Together, this data elucidates vital molecular changes in AdV-transduced DC that could influence T cell priming and that should be considered when designing effective cancer vaccines. This work was supported by a Scientist Development Grant from the American Heart Association (#0330102N), the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and the Henry L. Hillman Foundation (to L.H.B.)
Measuring adherence to antiretroviral treatment in resource-poor settings: The clinical validity of key indicators (2010)

This study demonstrates that routine data in African health facilities can be used to monitor antiretroviral adherence at the patient and system level.
Brain mechanisms for simple perception and bistable perception (2013)

When faced with ambiguous sensory inputs, subjective perception alternates between the different interpretations in a stochastic manner. Such multistable perception phenomena have intrigued scientists and laymen alike for over a century. Despite rigorous investigations, the underlying mechanisms of multistable perception remain elusive. Recent studies using multivariate pattern analysis revealed that activity patterns in posterior visual areas correlate with fluctuating percepts. However, increasing evidence suggests that vision--and perception at large--is an active inferential process involving hierarchical brain systems. We applied searchlight multivariate pattern analysis to functional magnetic resonance imaging signals across the human brain to decode perceptual content during bistable perception and simple unambiguous perception. Although perceptually reflective activity patterns during simple perception localized predominantly to posterior visual regions, bistable perception involved additionally many higher-order frontoparietal and temporal regions. Moreover, compared with simple perception, both top-down and bottom-up influences were dramatically enhanced during bistable perception. We further studied the intermittent presentation of ambiguous images--a condition that is known to elicit perceptual memory. Compared with continuous presentation, intermittent presentation recruited even more higher-order regions and was accompanied by further strengthened top-down influences but relatively weakened bottom-up influences. Taken together, these results strongly support an active top-down inferential process in perception.
Mie scattering used to determine spherical bubble oscillations (1990)

Linearly polarized laser light is scattered from an oscillating, acoustically levitated bubble, and the scattered intensity is measured with a suitable photodetector. The output photodetector current is converted into a voltage and digitized. For spherical bubbles, the scattered intensity I(rel)(R,theta,t) as a function of radius R and angle theta is calculated theoretically by solving the boundary value problem (Mie theory) for the water-bubble interface. The inverse transfer function R(I) is obtained by integrating over the photodetector solid angle centered at some constant theta. Using R(I) as a look-up table, the radius vs time [R(t)] response is calculated from the measured intensity vs time [I(exp)(R,t)].
Efficacy and safety of fixed-dose losartan/hydrochlorothiazide/amlodipine combination versus losartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination in Japanese patients with essential hypertension (2014)

Japanese patients with uncontrolled essential hypertension received single-blind losartan 50 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg (L50/H12.5) for 8 weeks. Patients whose blood pressure (BP) remained uncontrolled were randomized double-blind to fixed-dose losartan 50 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg/amlodipine 5 mg (L50/H12.5/A5) or L50/H12.5 for 8 weeks followed by open-label L50/H12.5/A5 for 44 weeks. Adverse events were assessed. After 8 weeks, diastolic and systolic BP were reduced significantly more with L50/H12.5/A5 versus L50/H12.5 (both p < 0.001). Mean changes in diastolic and systolic BP were sustained for 44 weeks. L50/H12.5/A5 was well-tolerated and improved BP significantly versus L50/H12.5 in Japanese patients with uncontrolled essential hypertension.
A Simple Route to Novel Palladium(II) Catalysts with Oxazolin‐2‐ylidene Ligands. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Impact of atrial fibrillation on outcomes following MitraClip: A contemporary population‐based analysis (2020)

The increased risk of in-hospital stroke, 30-day mortality, and longer hospitalization suggest the need for increased preprocedural optimization by means of stroke prevention strategies in those with AF undergoing MC.
Genetic inactivation of the Serotonin(1A) receptor in mice results in downregulation of major GABA(A) receptor alpha subunits, reduction of GABA(A) receptor binding, and benzodiazepine-resistant anxiety. (2000)

Anxiety is a common psychiatric illness often treated by benzodiazepines (BZs). BZs, such as Valium, bind to the alpha subunit of the pentameric GABA(A) receptor and increase inhibition in the CNS. There is considerable evidence for abnormal GABA(A) receptor function in anxiety, and a significant proportion of anxiety patients has a reduced sensitivity to BZs. Here, we show that serotonin(1A) (5-HT(1A)) receptor knock-out mice display BZ-resistant anxiety. Consistent with this finding, binding of both BZ and non-BZ GABA(A) receptor ligands were reduced and GABAergic inhibition was impaired in mutant mice. These changes were reflected by abnormal alpha subunit expression in the amygdala and hippocampus, two important limbic regions involved in fear and anxiety. These data suggest a pathological pathway, initiated by a 5-HT(1A) receptor deficit, leading to abnormalities in GABA(A) receptor composition and level, which in turn result in BZ-insensitivity and anxiety. This model mechanistically links together the 5-HT and GABA systems, which both have been implicated in anxiety. A related mechanism may underlie reduced BZ sensitivity in certain forms of anxiety.
Les associés en nom bénéficiaires du droit des entreprises en difficulté (2014)

International audience
Sulfur Poisoning on La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 Cathode for SOFCs (2011)

The effect of SO2 content in air on degradation of a La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF6428) cathode for solid oxide fuel cells was investigated at T = 1073 K for 24 h by setting the concentration of SO2 to 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ppm. The degradation of the LSCF6428 cathode became more significant with increasing SO2 concentrations due to the increase of cathode polarization resistance. The SrSO4 formation was confirmed after exposing to SO2 from 0.1 to 100 ppm and became even harsh with increasing SO2 concentrations. The reaction sequence can be interpreted from thermodynamic considerations using chemical potential diagrams and chemical equilibrium calculations.
Enhancement of Carrier Hopping by Doping in Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Films (2008)

We report the doping dependence of the transport properties of single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) films doped with organic molecules in the low temperature. The temperature dependence of the resistance and the magnetoresistance of SWNT films are investigated systematically, and well explained by two-dimensional variable range hopping (2D-VRH) conduction scheme. We found that the magnetoresistance is dramatically reduced upon doping, and analysis based on 2D-VRH theory revealed that the sheet density of states at the Fermi level showed monotonic increase with increasing of carrier density. These results indicate that the carrier hopping in SWNT film is enhanced by the carrier doping.
Applications of the Aqueous Self-Cooled Blanket Concept (1986)

In this paper a novel water-cooled blanket concept is examined. This concept, designated the Aqueous Self-Cooled Blanket (ASCB), employs water with small amounts of dissolved fertile compounds as both the coolant and the breeding medium. The ASCB concept is reviewed and its application in three different contexts is examined: (1) power reactors; (2) near-term devices such as NET; and (3) fusion-fission hybrids.
Semi-Metal Nanowire Transistors from First Principle Calculations (2013)

Bandgap engineering in semimetal nanowires can be utilized to form a field effect transistor (FET) near atomic dimensions and eliminates the need for doping in the transistor’s source, channel, or drain. For sufficiently small wire diameters the metallic behaviour of the semimetal is lost and a bandgap is induced. Using a full quantum mechanical description of the semi metal nanowires, we are able to demonstrate that the design of adopant-free, mono material confinement modulated gap transistors (CMGT) which unlike conventional FETs does not require dopant atoms to define different device regions. This overcomes a primary obstacle to fabricating sub-5 nm transistors, enabling aggressive scaling to near atomic limits.
Adenosine content and growth in the diatomPhaeodactylum tricornutum(Bacillariophyceae): effect of salinity, light, temperature and nitrate (2014)

There are many known functions and regulatory mechanisms of the key metabolite adenosine in animal and plant cells, but little is known about its metabolism and how growth conditions affect the adenosine content in microalgae. In this study, we examined the influence of salinity, light intensity, temperature and nitrate concentration on growth rates and adenosine content in batch cultures of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin. A strong negative correlation was found between growth rate, as a function of both salinity and light, and adenosine content. Growth rate as a function of temperature and nitrate did not correlate with adenosine content. In silico and empirical tests revealed an apparent lack of adenosine degradation in P. tricornutum and from these analyses, we suggest that adenosine content reflects the balance between its formation from S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolysis and AMP dephosphorylation, and its consumption by phosphorylation to AMP. The high and varying adenosine levels in the growth and stationary phases could be an important physiological adaptation to support the cellular energy charge for the cells to survive in highly fluctuating environments. Adenosine content in microalgae could also be an important parameter to describe physiological responses to different growth conditions when optimizing growth conditions to increase valuable microalgal products, such as lipids for feed in aquaculture or as biofuels.
Geometrical characterization of micro-optical cylindrical lens arrays using angular resolved diffraction (2010)

The versatility of micro-optical lens arrays (MLA) is giving rise to many new applications often to be included in mass-produced parts and systems. The need for fast and robust methods of characterization and quality control, addressing an industrial manufacturing environment, is evident. It has been shown (Iversen et al 2009 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 11 054014 (6pp), Buttner and Zeitner 2002 Appl. Opt. 41 6841–8) that the average radius of curvature of an MLA structure can be extracted by observing the far-field diffraction pattern intensity distribution obtained from illumination of the MLA structure with a coherent light source. This method is based on a priori knowledge of the grating period. We here present a method that fully characterizes the geometrical properties, i.e. the grating period and the average radius of curvature of an MLA structure in a single measurement cycle. By scanning the angle of incidence of the coherent illumination and simultaneously observing the diffracted intensity, information about the grating period and the radius of curvature can be extracted. The method is implemented with emphasis on further development for compact, high-speed dedicated systems. We present experimental data extracted from two different MLA structures using the proposed method. The results are compared with atomic force microscopy measurements of the MLA geometry.
The hepatitis delta virus : proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Hepatitis Delta Virus, held in Washington, D.C., October 26-28, 1989 (1990)

Epidemiology of type D hepatitis - epidemiology of hepatitis delta virus infection in less developed countries, S.Hadler et al diagnosis, natural history and pathogenesis of type D hepatitis - factors influencing the natural course of HDV hepatitis, F.Bonino et al virology of hepatitis delta virus - functional studies of hepatitis delta antigen and delta virus RNA, M.Lai et al prevention and treatment of type D hepatitis in high risk populations - hepatitis delta infection among multiply-transfused haemophiliacs, S.Lemon et al long term treatment of chronic delta hepatitis with alpha recombinant interferon, G.Marinucci et al.
Impact of retrotransposon protein L1 ORF1p expression on oncogenic pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma: the role of cytoplasmic PIN1 upregulation (2023)

Our data demonstrate a causal link between L1 ORF1p and key oncogenic pathways mediated by PIN1, presenting a novel therapeutic avenue.