gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photofragment imaging of methane (1996)

The photolysis of methane is studied using photofragment imaging techniques. Our study reveals that the photolysis of methane proceeds via many different pathways. The photofragment imaging technique is used to resolve and characterize these various pathways and provides therefore unique insight into the dynamical processes that govern this photodissociation. The formation of H-atom photofragments following absorption of a Lyman-α photon, and H2 photofragments following absorption of two ultraviolet photons (λ=210–230 nm) are studied. The measured H-atom photofragment images reveal that a channel that produces fast H atoms concomitant with methyl fragments is dominant in the Lyman-α photolysis of methane. This channel leads to an anisotropic recoil of the fragments. A secondary channel is observed leading to the formation of somewhat slower H atoms, but an unique identification of this second channel is not possible from the data. At least part of these slower H atoms are formed via a channel that produces H atoms concomitant with CH and H2 photofragments. The recoil of these slower H atoms appears to be isotropic. The measured, state-resolved H2(v,J), photofragment images reveal that two channels lead to H2 photofragments from the two-photon photolysis of methane: a channel that leads to H2 products concomitant with methylene fragments; and a channel that leads to H2 products concomitant with CH and H fragments. H2(v,J) rotational and vibrational distributions are measured for each of these two channels separately. The H2 products formed via the H2+CH2 channel are rotationally and vibrationally highly excited, whereas those formed via the H2+CH+H channel are rotationally and vibrationally cooler. Rotational distributions of H2 formed via the H2+CH+H channel are well reproduced by Boltzmann distributions. Results on D2 elimination following two-photon photolysis of CD4 are in general similar and in qualitative agreement with the results on CH4.
The prognostic value of nestin expression in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: Report from the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (2008)

Although the correlation of nestin expression and histologic grade in glioma is of considerable interest, the presented data does not support its prognostic value in newly diagnosed GBM. Further studies evaluating nestin expression may be more informative when studied in lower grade glioma, in the context of markers more specific to tumor stem cells, and using more recent specimens from patients treated with temozolomide in conjunction with radiation.
An improved mathematical approach for determination of molecular kinetics in living cells with FRAP. (2004)

The estimation of binding constants and diffusion coefficients of molecules that associate with insoluble molecular scaffolds inside living cells and nuclei has been facilitated by the use of Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP) in conjunction with mathematical modeling. A critical feature unique to FRAP experiments that has been overlooked by past mathematical treatments is the existence of an 'equilibrium constraint': local dynamic equilibrium is not disturbed because photobleaching does not functionally destroy molecules, and hence binding-unbinding proceeds at equilibrium rates. Here we describe an improved mathematical formulation under the equilibrium constraint which provides a more accurate estimate of molecular reaction kinetics within FRAP studies carried out in living cells. Due to incorporation of the equilibrium constraint, the original nonlinear kinetic terms become linear allowing for analytical solution of the transport equations and greatly simplifying the estimation process. Based on mathematical modeling and scaling analysis, two experimental measures are identified that can be used to delineate the rate-limiting step. A comprehensive analysis of the interplay between binding-unbinding and diffusion, and its effect on the recovery curve, are presented. This work may help to bring clarity to the study of molecular dynamics within the structural complexity of living cells.
Synthesis and therapeutic effect of styrene–maleic acid copolymer‐conjugated pirarubicin (2014)

Previously, we prepared a pirarubicin (THP)-encapsulated micellar drug using styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMA) as the drug carrier, in which active THP was non-covalently encapsulated. We have now developed covalently conjugated SMA-THP (SMA-THP conjugate) for further investigation toward clinical development, because covalently linked polymer-drug conjugates are known to be more stable in circulation than drug-encapsulated micelles. The SMA-THP conjugate also formed micelles and showed albumin binding capacity in aqueous solution, which suggested that this conjugate behaved as a macromolecule during blood circulation. Consequently, SMA-THP conjugate showed significantly prolonged circulation time compared to free THP and high tumor-targeting efficiency by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. As a result, remarkable antitumor effect was achieved against two types of tumors in mice without apparent adverse effects. Significantly, metastatic lung tumor also showed the EPR effect, and this conjugate reduced metastatic tumor in the lung almost completely at 30 mg/kg once i.v. (less than one-fifth of the maximum tolerable dose). Although SMA-THP conjugate per se has little cytotoxicity in vitro (1/100 of free drug THP), tumor-targeted accumulation by the EPR effect ensures sufficient drug concentrations in tumor to produce an antitumor effect, whereas toxicity to normal tissues is much less. These findings suggest the potential of SMA-THP conjugate as a highly favorable candidate for anticancer nanomedicine with good stability and tumor-targeting properties in vivo.
Critical currents in sputtered Nb-Ta multilayers (1988)

Critical-current measurements have been made on sputtered Nb-Ta multilayers for both perpendicular and parallel applied field. For large bilayer periods, the pinning force behaves as h(1-h) and is due to dislocation pinning. As the bilayer period decreases, the pinning force decreases and changes over to a collective mechanism. For parallel applied field, there is a lack of temperature scaling and an increase in the pinning force, which is due to pinning by the multilayering. A search for the existence of other effects is discussed.
Synthesis of 3-(Arylthio)propionic Acids from Nonactivated Aryl Iodides and their Use as Odorless Aryl Mercaptan Surrogates (2018)

The reaction of aryl iodides, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, and Cu2O in refluxing pyridine resulted in the formation of 3-(arylthio)propionic acids in good to excellent yield. The latter 3-(arylthio)propionic acids — as novel aryl mercaptan equivalents — gave aryl mercaptans or diaryl disulfides, respectively, on reductive (Na2S) or oxidative (I2) cleavage in alkaline media. The symmetrical disulfides can also be prepared by oxidizing their precursor mercaptans with phenyltrimethyl­ammonium­tribromide in pyridine at ambient temperature.
Hollow Ag dendritic nanoplates with serrated inner surfaces for sensitive SERS-based detection (2019)

Exploiting positive strategy to synthesize novel kinds of plasmonic nanostructures with much more sharp protrusions could pave a new way for obtaining highly amplified surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal and promote the wide application of the functional nanomaterials in actual detection. Herein, hollow Ag dendritic nanoplates with serrated inner surfaces were synthesized via a simple two-step strategy including solution reduction and galvanic replacement at room temperature. Attributing to the potential local electromagnetic field hotspots around the numerous outside branches and inner sawteeth together with the red-shift of absorption band, the as-synthesized novel nanostructure showed significant SERS performance. A limit of 0.012 mM for detecting sodium saccharin was obtained, which was much lower than those obtained by using solid Ag dendritic nanoplates and normal Ag nanoplates. Additionally, through changing the stoichiometry of the solid Ag nanoplates and HAuCl4, the hollow and serrated degree of the nanoplates was adjusted and the structure dependent variation of SERS activity was investigated.
Epidemiology and Management of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes in Contemporary Real-World Practice: Evolving Trends From the EYESHOT Study to the START-ANTIPLATELET Registry (2018)

The epidemiology and management of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) have evolved. We aimed to describe recent demographics and therapeutic changes in the Italian ACS population. We analyzed data from 2 multicenter consecutive Italian registries (the EYESHOT [EmploYEd antithrombotic therapies in patients with acute coronary Syndromes HOspitalised in iTalian cardiac care units] and START-ANTIPLATELET registries) enrolling patients with ACS between December 2013 and June 2016. An overall population of 3756 patients with ACS was enrolled: 2585 in the EYESHOT and 1171 in the START-ANTIPLATELET. Compared with the EYESHOT, patients in the START-ANTIPLATELET registry presented more frequently with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and were more often smokers and dyslipidemic (all P < .001) and had atrial fibrillation ( P = .018) but were less frequently aged ≥75 years and with a history of major bleeding (all P < .001). Analysis of treatment strategy showed a significant increase in the use of percutaneous coronary intervention, drug-eluting stents, dual antiplatelet therapy, and ticagrelor in the START-ANTIPLATELET (all P < .001), with a substantial decline in the proportion of patients conservatively managed and on clopidogrel at discharge ( P < .001). A lower rate of in-hospital events was recorded in the START-ANTIPLATELET compared with the EYESHOT. The START-ANTIPLATELET and EYESHOT registries provide consecutive snapshots in the contemporary management of patients with ACS in Italy, showing important changes in both demographic characteristics and treatment strategies.
Oxidative Annulation of Arenecarboxylic and Acrylic Acids with Alkynes under Ambient Conditions Catalyzed by an Electron‐Deficient Rhodium(III) Complex (2016)

Abstract It has been established that an electron‐deficient Cp E rhodium(III) complex catalyzes the oxidative [4+2] annulation of substituted arenecarboxylic and acrylic acids with alkynes under ambient conditions (at RT–40 °C, under air) without using excess amounts of substrates to produce the corresponding substituted isocoumarins and α‐pyrones in high yields. Minor modification of reaction conditions depending on the coordination ability of alkynes realized the high efficiency.
An Interference Mitigation Technique for Dynamic TDD Based Frequency-Separated Small Cell Network in LTE-Advanced Based Future Wireless Access (2015)

This paper investigates an interference mitigation technique for dynamic time division duplex (TDD) based frequency-separated small cell networks in future long term evolution advanced (LTE-A) based wireless access systems. In dynamic TDD, cross-link interference, i.e. evolved node B (eNB)-eNB interference and user equipment (UE)-UE interference, also occur, and eNB-eNB interference in particular significantly degrades the uplink (UL) transmission performance. In order to alleviate the impacts of eNB-eNB interference and to obtain high traffic adaptation gain, we investigate a transmit power control (TPC) based interference mitigation (IM) scheme. In TPC-IM, time-domain subframes are divided into two subframe sets according to whether the cross-link interference can occur or not, and different TPC parameters are applied depending on the type of subframe. To improve of UL signal to interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) in the subframe set with the potential to occur eNB-eNB interference, there are two approaches of UL power boosting and downlink (DL) power reduction. We investigate the adequate combination of these two approaches to avoid an impact of DL performance degradation and increase of UE power consumption. Moreover, we further investigate a combined scheme of the TPC-IM and a cell clustering interference mitigation (CCIM) to avoid the significantly strong cross-link interference from the neighbouring cells. Computer simulation confirms that the proposed TPC-IM scheme can achieve 4.4% and 26.2% gain in the average DL and UL throughputs, respectively, compared to the case without any IM schemes on dynamic TDD. Moreover, when the CCIM is applied to the TPC-IM scheme, 11.6% and 40.3% gain can be achieved in the average DL and UL throughputs, respectively.
A taxonomy and comparison of remote voting schemes (2014)

Remote voting has been an active research field for application of cryptographic techniques in the last two decades with many schemes and systems in publication. In this paper we present an overview of recent efforts in developing voting schemes and security models that involve a variety of real world constraints to ensure election integrity. We classify voting schemes based on their primary cryptographic techniques. We analyze recent typical schemes and systems against the basic and counter attack requirements with brief description. Such analysis shows difference among these security requirements and aids in design of future schemes. Our conclusion is provided regarding suitability of a particular voting system/scheme under various conditions.
Heterocyclic compounds. XVI . Chemistry of the 1,4,2,3,5,6‐dithiatetrazine ring system (1979)

Abstract Derivatives of 1,4,2,3,5,6‐dithiatetrazine‐2,3,5,6‐tetracarboxylate 1,4‐dioxide can be made by reacting 1,2‐dialkyl hydrazinodicarboxylates with thionyl chloride.
Tris(Allyl)Iridium and ‐Rhodium (2014)

One particularly well-characterized class of catalytic sites are derived from reactions of tris(allyl)rhodium, Rh(C3H5)3, with carefully prepared, high-purity metal oxides. The use of (allyl)rhodium-based systems for catalysis is hampered by weak Rh-O bonds to the metal oxide surface and the proclivity of trivalent rhodium intermediates to undergo reductive elimination. The investigation of tris(allyl)iridium for the preparation of single-site catalyst with better thermal and reductive stability resulted in the development of improved synthetic routes to both the iridium and rhodium analogs. This chapter describes the syntheses of M(allyl)3, modified syntheses of MCl3(THT)3 precursors (THT = tetrahydrothiophene), and an improved synthesis of allyl lithium.
Recent progress in antiviral chemotherapy for respiratory syncytial virus infections (2000)

The recent progress in antiviral chemotherapy against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections was reviewed. RSV infections among high risk individuals, such as premature babies, infants with congenital disease of cardiopulmonary system or immune system and the aged, hospitalised patients with immunosuppressed status are threatened, with high mortality rates and thus need anti-viral chemotherapy. Clinical efficacy of ribavirin and humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) against RSV infections as well as experimental reports of novel anti-RSV compounds under investigation such as membrane fusion inhibitors were introduced.
Optimization of Ultra-Smooth Silver Thin Film Electrodes for Micro-Cavity OLED Application (2010)

For a Lab-on-Chip applications a strong micro-cavity OLED is required. Its silver anode, deposited on nucleation layers (germanium, chromium, amorphous-hydrogenated-carbon), was investigated by FEG-SEM, XPS, contact-angle, ellipsometry, optical-profiler. Ge-Ag electrodes gives the more stable micro-cavities. Article not available.
Regionally Selective Atrophy After Traumatic Axonal Injury (2010)

Traumatic axonal injury leads to substantial posttraumatic atrophy that is regionally selective rather than diffuse, and volume loss in certain regions may have prognostic value for functional recovery.
Studies On Plant Growth‐Regulating Substances (1953)

Eight series of aryloxyacetic, α‐aryloxy‐propionic, ‐butyric and ‐isobutyric acids have been synthesized, and their growth‐regulating activity has been assessed using six different test methods, viz. tomato‐leaf epinasty, Avena cylinder, Avena curvature, tomato parthenocarpy, tomato‐leaf rooting and the Went pea test. The ability to induce morphogenic effects in tomato plants was also studied. The results are critically discussed and shown to be consistent with the view that in tests involving only cell extension the presence of an α‐hydrogen atom is usually necessary for growth‐regulating activity to be shown. In tests in which cell division occurs this effect is not so clearly defined, though the presence of an α‐hydrogen does, in general, correlate with growth‐regulating activity.
Determination of Internal Insect Infestation of Wheat: Collaborative Study (1981)

Abstract An improved method has been developed for determining internal insect infestation of wheat kernels. The method involves acid hydrolysis of cracked wheat, wet sieving to remove the acid, transferring to a 2 L Wildman trap flask, deaeration by boiling, and treatment with Tween 80-Na4EDTA. Insects are extracted with light mineral oil. Reports from 6 collaborators showed that recovery was 95.92% for adult insect heads and 97.22% for larvae by the proposed method as compared with 87.05% and 6.12%, respectively, by the official method. The method has been adopted official first action.
Postsynaptic serotonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the central nervous system. I. Development and distribution of serotonin and dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclases in rat and guinea pig brain. (1978)

Postsynaptic serotonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase with an apparent affinity of 1 µM for serotonin (5-HT) was detected in various structures of the central nervous system in the rat and the guinea pig. At birth, the regional distribution of this enzyme in the rat brain was closely correlated with the topographical distribution of the serotoninergic innervation in young (9-day-old) as well as adult animals. Electrolytic raphe lesions made on the fourth day after birth, which produced 90% degeneration of serotoninergic innervation in rat colliculi, did not alter the characteristics (apparent affinity and maximal activity) of the serotonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase in this area. This suggests that the serotonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase is associated with postsynaptic serotoninergic receptors in the brain. During development, in both the rat and the guinea pig, the amount of cyclic 39,59-AMP formed in response to an optimal concentration of serotonin in a given area remained constant. This is in contrast to the amount of cyclic AMP formed in response to an optimal concentration of dopamine, which increased 6-fold in the rat striatum between the second and 23rd days after birth. The lack of correlation between the regional distribution of the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase and serotoninergic innervation and between the serotonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase and dopaminergic innervation further emphasizes that the serotonin- and dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclases are each associated with specific receptors in the rat brain.
Evaluating effect of interference on MAC delay in densely deployed IEEE 802.11ad based In-vehicle communications (2021)

This paper evaluates MAC-layer delay of IEEE 802.11ad based In-vehicle communications, where strong interference from multiple devices on own and other vehicles could occur stochastically due to beamforming. The wide frequency bandwidth of IEEE 802.11ad is expected to enable ultra-low latency in-vehicle communications. However, the beamforming of IEEE 802.11ad causes strong interference and could degrade the delay performance. To investigate the impact of the beamforming interference on delay performance, we conducted network simulations using ns3. The results show that a control method, fixed contention window (CW), achieved the maximum delay of 2 msec, whereas conventional control method, Distributed Coordination Function (DCF), did larger delay of 12 msec.
Bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Targeting pathological fractures (2014)

Patients with bone diseases have the highest risk of sustaining fractures and of suffering from nonunion bone healing due to tissue degeneration. Current fracture management strategies are limited in design and functionality and do not effectively promote bone healing within a diseased bone environment. Fracture management approaches include pharmaceutical therapy, surgical intervention, and tissue regeneration for fracture prevention, fracture stabilization, and fracture site regeneration, respectively. However, these strategies fail to accommodate the pathological nature of fragility fractures, leading to unwanted side effects, implant failures, and nonunions. To target fragility fractures, fracture management strategies should include bioactive bone substitutes designed for the pathological environment. However, the clinical outcome of these materials must be predictable within various disease environments. Initial development of a targeted treatment strategy should focus on simulating the physiological in vitro bone environment to predict clinical effectiveness of the engineered bone. An in vitro test system can facilitate reduction of implant failures and non-unions in fragility fractures.
The Pulse Oximeter: Applications and Limitations—An Analysis of 2000 Incident Reports (1993)

The first 2000 incidents reported to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study were analysed with respect to the role of the pulse oximeter. Of these 184 (9%) were first detected by a pulse oximeter and there were a further 177 (9%) in which desaturation was recorded. Of the 1256 incidents which occurred in association with general anaesthesia 48% were "human detected" and 52% "monitor detected". The pulse oximeter was ranked first and detected 27% of these monitor detected incidents; this figure would have been over 40% if an oximeter had always been used and its more informative modulated pulse tone relied upon instead of that of the "bleep" of the ECG. The pulse oximeter is the "front-line" monitor for endobronchial intubation, the fourth most common incident in association with general anaesthesia (it detected 87% of the 76 cases in which it was in use). It also played an invaluable role as a "back-up" monitor in 40 life-threatening situations in which "front-line" monitors (e.g. oxygen analyser, low pressure alarm, capnograph) were either not in use, were being used incorrectly or failed. Other situations detected, in order of frequency of detection, were: circuit disconnection, circuit leak, desaturation (severe shunt), oesophageal intubation, aspiration and/or regurgitation, pulmonary oedema, endotracheal tube obstruction, severe hypotension, failure of oxygen delivery, hypoxic gas mixture, hypoventilation, anaphylaxis, air embolism, bronchospasm, malignant hyperthermia, and tension pneumothorax.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)