gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-chain bases in the sphingolipids of atherosclerotic human aorta (1969)

Long-chain bases were prepared from human aorta sphingomyelin by a combined enzymatic hydrolysis-alkaline hydrolysis procedure and these bases were isolated by thin-layer chromatography. Aldehydes, obtained from the long-chain bases by periodate oxidation, were converted to 1,3-dioxolane derivatives. Dioxolanes were identified and quantified by gas-liquid chromatography before and after catalytic hydrogenation, and before and after separation into saturated, monoene, and diene dioxolane fractions. The monoene dioxolanes were converted to aldehydes by reductive ozonolysis with dimethyl sulfide and these aldehydes were isolated and identified as dioxolane derivatives. The double bond positions in the major diene component were established by reductive ozonolysis and permanganate-periodate oxidation. Sphingenines in the cerebroside-sulfatide and sulfatide fractions of aorta were converted to aldehydes by the reductive ozonolysis of intact sphingolipids and these aldehydes were analyzed as the dioxolanes. Human aorta sphingomyelin contained significant amounts of 4-hexadecasphingenine, 4-heptadecasphingenine, sphinganine, 4-sphingenine, and 4,x14-sphingadienine. Small amounts of hexadecasphinganine, 4-tetradecasphingenine, a sphingadienine isomer, an unknown sphinganine, and two unknown diene long-chain bases were also found in sphingomyelin. The presence of a branched-chain 4-sphingenine was tentatively established and the possible presence of a sphingenine isomer was suggested. The major sphingenines were the same in the sphingomyelin, sulfatide, and cerebroside-sulfatide fractions of human aorta.
[Studies on an extract from Haemophilus influenzae type a. II.--Phagocytic capacity of sera obtained from rabbits immunized by this bacterial extract (author's transl)]. (1980)

Opsonins may protect against infections. In this study, the different parameters of opsonization assay are strictly standardized. Results are expressed as percentage of opsonization. 0% and 100% opsonization must be established. The experiment without immunserum is used as the 0% opsonization. To determine the 100% opsonization an excess of reducing capacity is required. This is provided by crushed leukocytes. Rabbits are immunised by bacterial extract from Haemophilus influenzae type a. The hemagglutinins are detected in sera earlier (D + 30) and longer than the opsonic activity. Phagocytosis increases from the second month following the immunization. Percentage of opsonization is maintained at about 50% up to the sixth month. Alternatively, the percentage of phagocytosis is decreasing when heterologous bacteria are used. The serum thermolabile factors are necessary for the response. The phagocytic capacity is not modified whether leukocytes are obtained from immunized rabbits or not.
Facial expression analysis based on enhanced texture and topographical structure (2005)

The variation of facial texture and surface due to the change of expression is an important cue for analyzing and modeling facial expressions. In this paper, we propose a new approach to represent the facial expression by using a so-called topographic feature. In order to capture the variation of facial surface structure, facial textures are processed by increasing the resolution. The topographical structure of human face is analyzed based on the resolution-enhanced textures. We investigate the relationship between the facial expression and its topographic features, and propose to represent the facial expression by the topographic labels. The detected topographic facial surface and the expressive regions reject the status of facial skin movement. Based on the observation that the facial texture and its topographic features change along with facial expressions, we compare the disparity of these features between the neutral face and the expressive face to distinguish a number of universal expressions. The experiment demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approach for facial expression representation and recognition
Development of an automated diode-laser-based multicomponent gas sensor (2000)

The implementation and application of a portable fiber-coupled trace-gas sensor for the detection of several trace gases, including CO2, CH4, and H2CO, are reported. This particular sensor is based on a cw fiber-amplified near-infrared (distributed Bragg reflector) diode laser and an external cavity diode laser that are frequency converted in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal to the mid-IR spectroscopic fingerprint region (3.3-4.4 micrometers). A continuous absorption spectrum of CH4 and H2CO from 3.37 to 3.10 micrometers with a spectral resolution of 40 MHz (approximately 0.0013 cm-1) demonstrated the spectral performance that can be achieved by means of automated wavelength tuning and phase matching with stepper motor control. Autonomous long-term detection of ambient CO2 and CH4 over a 3- and 7-day period was also demonstrated.
[Diagnosis and surgical management of varicosities]. (1989)

The diagnosis of varicose veins is based on historical details pertaining to risk factors such as familial preponderance, advanced age, overweight, multiple births, professional activities carried out mainly in the standing or sitting position, use of oral contraceptives, diuretics or drugs which lower venous tone. Swelling of the legs on prolonged recumbancy, during pregnancy, fractures or cast treatment may be associated with thrombosis (Table 1). In addition to inspection and palpation in the standing and lying positions, the status of the pulses and the joints are of importance. The diagnostic measures must clarify the stage of the chronic venous insufficiency and provide adequate information on the various forms of venous functional disturbances (Table 2). Classification of varicose veins is carried out according to etiology--primary or secondary--or according to anatomical and functional derangement: with varicosities of the great saphenous vein and the lesser saphenous vein, in addition to valve incompetence at the proximal confluence of the saphenous-femoral junction, there may be segmental or global valve incompetence frequently in combination with a perforating vein incompetence. Varicosities of the great saphenous vein are classified with respect to whether the venous valves involved are those only in the region of the proximal confluence or from the inguinal region to above or below the knee or to the ankle, respectively, in four degrees of severity (Figure 1). For varicosities of the lesser saphenous vein, three degrees of severity are differentiated, the confluence incompetence, incompetence of the venous valves from the knee to the middle of the lower leg or from the knee to the ankle.4+ as the postthrombotic syndrome. Chronic venous insufficiency is characterized by venous hypertension and subdivided into three degrees of severity: grade I in the presence of corona phlebectatica paraplantaris and stasis edema; grade II in the presence of hyperpigmentation, melanodermitis, atrophy blanche, stasis induration and hypodermitis; grade III in the presence of hyperpigmentation, melanodermitis, atrophy blanche, stasis induration and hypodermitis; grade III in the presence of healed or florid ulceration. The two most important diagnostic measures are Doppler ultrasonography and ascending pressure phlebography which complement each other (Table 3)...
Phase I evaluation of PRGN-2009 alone and in combination with bintrafusp alfa in patients (pts) with recurrent/metastatic (R/M) HPV-associated cancers (HPV-C). (2023)

2628 Background: Combinatorial treatments may improve efficacy in checkpoint blockade resistant (CBR) R/M HPV-C. PRGN-2009 is a gorilla adenovirus immunotherapy vaccine containing 35 non-HLA-restricted epitopes of HPV-16 and 18. We conducted a first-in-human Phase I study of PRGN-2009 alone and combined with bintrafusp alfa (BA), a bifunctional TGF-β “trap”/anti-PD-L1 fusion protein in adult pts with pretreated R/M HPV-C. We report safety and efficacy results. Methods: Pts received PRGN-2009 1x10 11 or 5x10 11 particle units (PU) SC Q2W for 3 times, then Q4W (dose escalation part, DEP) or the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of PRGN-2009 plus BA 1200 mg IV Q2W (combination part, CP) until progressive disease, unacceptable toxicity or patient withdrawal. Primary endpoints were safety and RP2D; secondary endpoints included overall response rate (RECIST 1.1). Exploratory endpoints included the induction of HPV-16/18 specific T-cell responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected pre- and post-PRGN-2009 treatment. Results: Between August 11, 2020, and May 5, 2022, 17 pts were enrolled. Median follow-up at data cutoff was 7.4 months and 18.6 months for the DEP and CP, respectively. In the DEP, 6 pts received PRGN-2009, for a median duration of 3.0 months (range 1.8-17.9). Five pts had ≥2 prior lines of anticancer therapy. There were no dose limiting toxicities. Adverse events (AE) related to treatment (TRAE) were Grade 1-2 flu-like syndrome, injection site reactions, fatigue, rash. 5x10 11 PU was selected as RP2D. Stable disease was noted in 4 pts, longest duration being 14.9 months. In the CP, 11 high-risk HPV positive pts received PRGN-2009 with BA for a median duration of 10.0 months (range 0.5-23.0). Four pts (36.3%) had received ≥3 prior treatment lines; 10 pts (90.9%) were CBR. Grade 3 TRAEs occurred in 1 pt (9.1%; duodenal hemorrhage [DH] attributable to BA); 2 pts (18.1%) had grade 4 TRAEs (DH, pharyngeal mucositis [n=1 each], attributable to BA). Both pts with DH were concurrently receiving NSAIDs. No treatment-related deaths occurred; one pt with DH died after refusing core standard medical management. Of 10 pts evaluable for response one CBR pt had a complete response (duration 15.3 months); partial responses were seen in two pts (one CBR). Overall response rate was 30.0% (95% CI 6.7-65.3%). Two pts were treated beyond progression without delayed response. Median overall survival was 7.4 months (95% CI, 2.9-26.8 months) for DEP and 12.5 months (95% CI, 9.6-inestimable) for CP. Post vaccination 14/16 (88%) pts developed T-cell responses to HPV-16 and/or HPV-18, with 6/6 in DEP and 8/10 in CP. Conclusions: PRGN-2009 is safe, well-tolerated, and induces HPV-specific T-cell immune responses. Further, PRGN-2009 combined with BA demonstrated clinical activity in pts with pretreated HPV-associated cancers, naïve or resistant to checkpoint blockade. Clinical trial information: NCT04432597 .
A Survey of Genomic Studies Supports Association of Circadian Clock Genes with Bipolar Disorder Spectrum Illnesses and Lithium Response (2012)

Circadian rhythm abnormalities in bipolar disorder (BD) have led to a search for genetic abnormalities in circadian "clock genes" associated with BD. However, no significant clock gene findings have emerged from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). At least three factors could account for this discrepancy: complex traits are polygenic, the organization of the clock is more complex than previously recognized, and/or genetic risk for BD may be shared across multiple illnesses. To investigate these issues, we considered the clock gene network at three levels: essential "core" clock genes, upstream circadian clock modulators, and downstream clock controlled genes. Using relaxed thresholds for GWAS statistical significance, we determined the rates of clock vs. control genetic associations with BD, and four additional illnesses that share clinical features and/or genetic risk with BD (major depression, schizophrenia, attention deficit/hyperactivity). Then we compared the results to a set of lithium-responsive genes. Associations with BD-spectrum illnesses and lithium-responsiveness were both enriched among core clock genes but not among upstream clock modulators. Associations with BD-spectrum illnesses and lithium-responsiveness were also enriched among pervasively rhythmic clock-controlled genes but not among genes that were less pervasively rhythmic or non-rhythmic. Our analysis reveals previously unrecognized associations between clock genes and BD-spectrum illnesses, partly reconciling previously discordant results from past GWAS and candidate gene studies.
CAAT-Box, contigs-Assembly and Annotation Tool-Box for genome sequencing projects (2004)

The program may be obtained from the authors and is freely available to non-profit organisations.
Chemical composition and biological activities of a phenol-water extract from Haemophilus influenzae type a (1979)

Ribonucleic acid was removed from a phenol-water extract of Haemophilus influenzae type a by streptomycin sulfate. This preparation was called purified preparation or PP. It contained neutral sugars (glucose, galactose, mannose, pentose), glucosamine, amino acids, and fatty acids. Heptose and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid were not present. The biological properties and immunogenicity were compared with the activities of lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium. Higher doses were necessary to obtain lethality in mice and Sanarelli and Shwartzman reactions with our preparations than were necessary with lipopolysaccharide. The Limulus test and pyrogen assay in rabbits gave the same results with purified preparation and lipopolysaccharide, but pyrogenicity of purified preparation was not destroyed by NaOH treatment. Purified preparation was not as immunogenic at low doeses for rabbits as lipopolysaccharide. The results were different from those obtained with lipopolysaccharide but similar to those known from peptidoglycan studies. The contamination of purified preparation with peptidoglycan was negligible and cannot explain the biological activities of purified preparation. We suggest that the phenol-water extract from H. influenzae is not a classical endotoxin, but rather an endotoxin-like substance.
Ensinando ciências físicas com experimentos simples no 5º ano do ensino fundamental da educação básica (2019)

Neste artigo descrevemos uma proposta de atividade experimental dos conteúdos de ciências físicas com 42 alunos de duas turmas de 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental (EF) da educação básica. Este trabalho foi realizado em uma escola pública do município de Breves/PA. Abordando temas de física, expomos alguns experimentos com materiais alternativos e de baixo custo, com o intuito de despertar o interesse dos alunos estimulando a sua criatividade para resolver situações-problema do seu cotidiano e validar que dentro da visão teórica e prática a utilização da experimentação é peça fundamental no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Dessa forma, os professores podem obter grandes avanços no aprendizado dos alunos. Utilizando a pesquisa de caráter investigativa construtivista obtivemos registros que levam a reflexão de como tais atividades nos primeiros anos do EF auxiliam na construção do conhecimento científico proporcionando a aprendizagem e formando cidadãos participativos que questionam e propõe novas ideias.
A Facile Strategy for the Preparation of Highly Mesoporous γ‐Alumina (2017)

A new, rapid, and very facile strategy for the large‐scale preparation of highly porous γ‐Al 2 O 3 was developed. Defined γ‐alumina microparticles with a narrow mesopore‐size distribution, specific surface area of 400 m 2 g –1 , and a pore volume of 0.65 mL g –1 were obtained by merely employing an aqueous aluminum chloride solution.
The synthesis and characterisation of Cu2MX4(M = W or Mo; X = S, Se or S/Se) materials prepared by a solvothermal method (2005)

This paper describes the synthesis of a family of layered materials with general formula Cu2MX4 (M = W or Mo; X = S, Se or S/Se) by a solvothermal route. The effect of synthesis temperature has been investigated and found to determine the structural form of the material produced. The structures of all materials have been solved and refined using powder X-ray diffraction. Variable temperature diffraction experiments have been performed on Cu2WS4 and Cu2WSe4. Conductivity measurements show Cu2WSe4 is semiconducting.
ChemInform Abstract: Bipyridine—Porphyrin Conjugates with a Conjugated Connection (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Inspection of tire tread defects using image processing and pattern recognition techniques</title> (1993)

An image acquisition and processing algorithm for inspection of tire treads has been developed. The tire treads are flat strips of black rubber material used as the main component in retreading automobile tires. These treads have a complex molded design on one side (DESIGN SIDE) and a flat surface on the other side. The inspection of the Design Side of the tread is one of the key operations in the tread fabrication process impacting quality and consistency of the final product. This paper will discuss development of the main optical inspection algorithms utilized in the system design. The algorithms described in this paper were tested in the laboratory prototype of the inspection system and will be implemented in the final production system.
A novel methodology for hybrid mask AF generation for 22 and 15nm technology (2009)

Mask AF (AF), both printable (PRAF) and non-printable - or sub-resolution - AF (SRAF) have been part of the established lithography and RET/OPC toolkit for achieving a manufacturable process window, for several technology generations. Deployment of AF onto a mask for a full product or test-chip layout has been traditionally rule-driven, i.e. based on look-up tables of critical feature sizes and corresponding AF, with specified dimensions and at specified distances. The number of AF per given layout main feature, the set of AF dimensions (widths, heights, etc.) and the distances (placements) from the main features are collectively referred to as the AF Rules Set. The identification of the optimal parameters values in an AF Rules Set (or the optimal AF Rules, for short) is a fundamental problem in process technology development for semiconductor manufacturing, which is typically being addressed by a mixture of heuristic parametric searches and lithographic simulations. This approach produces a limited number of usable AF rules (mainly for 1D layout configurations) and often results in insufficient coverage for 2D cases. This paper introduces a novel methodology for the determination of an optimal AF Rules set, which results in a greatly superior coverage of layout configurations (both 1D and 2D) and quantitatively verifiable larger common process window. The methodology utilizes an inverse lithography simulation step, followed by computational geometry analysis and filtering and finally automated rules extraction. The computational flow, which has been implemented for 22nm process development, delivers an order of magnitude more rules (i.e. from few tens to several hundred), and often generates non-intuitive 2D rules which could not have been discovered by heuristic search alone. The presented results illustrate the superior performance of this technique particularly in the case of contact and metal layers at 22nm. Potential extendibility of this approach for the 15nm node is also discussed.
Robust Recovery Controller for a Quadrupedal Robot using Deep\n Reinforcement Learning (2019)

The ability to recover from a fall is an essential feature for a legged robot\nto navigate in challenging environments robustly. Until today, there has been\nvery little progress on this topic. Current solutions mostly build upon\n(heuristically) predefined trajectories, resulting in unnatural behaviors and\nrequiring considerable effort in engineering system-specific components. In\nthis paper, we present an approach based on model-free Deep Reinforcement\nLearning (RL) to control recovery maneuvers of quadrupedal robots using a\nhierarchical behavior-based controller. The controller consists of four neural\nnetwork policies including three behaviors and one behavior selector to\ncoordinate them. Each of them is trained individually in simulation and\ndeployed directly on a real system. We experimentally validate our approach on\nthe quadrupedal robot ANYmal, which is a dog-sized quadrupedal system with 12\ndegrees of freedom. With our method, ANYmal manifests dynamic and reactive\nrecovery behaviors to recover from an arbitrary fall configuration within less\nthan 5 seconds. We tested the recovery maneuver more than 100 times, and the\nsuccess rate was higher than 97 %.\n
The Role of Spirochetes in Periodontal Disease (1988)

The spirochetal accumulation in subgingival plaque appears to be a function of the clinical severity of periodontal disease. It is not known how many different spirochetal species colonize the plaque, but based upon size alone, there are small, intermediate-sized, and large spirochetes. Four species of small spirochetes are cultivable, and of these, T. denticola has been shown to possess proteolytic and keratinolytic enzymes as well as factors or mechanisms which suppress lymphocyte blastogenesis and inhibit fibroblast and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function. All of these attributes could contribute to periodontal tissue insult. Yet independent of these potential virulence mechanisms, the overgrowth of spirochetes can be clinically useful if simply interpreted as indicating the result of tissue damage. In this case, the spirochetes would be indicators of disease and could be easily monitored by microscopic examination of plaque, or possibly by the measurement of benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA) hydrolytic activity in the plaque.
ON THE CAUSE OF THE RESPIRATORY VARIATION OF THE BALLISTOCARDIOGRAM, WITH A NOTE ON SINUS ARRHYTHMIA (1946)

Variation in the size of the impacts during the respiratory cycle is a feature of almost every bal- listocardiogram (1). As the subject inhales, the impacts increase in size, to diminish again as he exhales; if the breath is held, this rhythmic varia- tion disappears. The purpose of this investigation
Controlling for population structure and genotyping platform bias in the eMERGE multi-institutional biobank linked to electronic health records (2014)

Combining samples across multiple cohorts in large-scale scientific research programs is often required to achieve the necessary power for genome-wide association studies. Controlling for genomic ancestry through principal component analysis (PCA) to address the effect of population stratification is a common practice. In addition to local genomic variation, such as copy number variation and inversions, other factors directly related to combining multiple studies, such as platform and site recruitment bias, can drive the correlation patterns in PCA. In this report, we describe the combination and analysis of multi-ethnic cohort with biobanks linked to electronic health records for large-scale genomic association discovery analyses. First, we outline the observed site and platform bias, in addition to ancestry differences. Second, we outline a general protocol for selecting variants for input into the subject variance-covariance matrix, the conventional PCA approach. Finally, we introduce an alternative approach to PCA by deriving components from subject loadings calculated from a reference sample. This alternative approach of generating principal components controlled for site and platform bias, in addition to ancestry differences, has the advantage of fewer covariates and degrees of freedom.
Front Cover: Chiroptical Redox Switching of Tetra‐Cationic Derivatives of Azoniahelicenes (ChemElectroChem 12/2019) (2019)

The Front Cover shows the folding of azoniahelicene by electron transfer. The image combines the reversible folding and opening of structures and mountains in the background, which resemble sharp changes of spectra during reductions. More information can be found in the Article by I. Rončević et al. on page 3002 in Issue 12, 2019 (DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900204).