gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semi-Crowdsourced Clustering: Generalizing Crowd Labeling by Robust Distance Metric Learning (2012)

One of the main challenges in data clustering is to define an appropriate similarity measure between two objects. Crowdclustering addresses this challenge by defining the pairwise similarity based on the manual annotations obtained through crowdsourcing. Despite its encouraging results, a key limitation of crowdclustering is that it can only cluster objects when their manual annotations are available. To address this limitation, we propose a new approach for clustering, called semi-crowdsourced clustering that effectively combines the low-level features of objects with the manual annotations of a subset of the objects obtained via crowdsourcing. The key idea is to learn an appropriate similarity measure, based on the low-level features of objects and from the manual annotations of only a small portion of the data to be clustered. One difficulty in learning the pairwise similarity measure is that there is a significant amount of noise and inter-worker variations in the manual annotations obtained via crowdsourcing. We address this difficulty by developing a metric learning algorithm based on the matrix completion method. Our empirical study with two real-world image data sets shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art distance metric learning algorithms in both clustering accuracy and computational efficiency. 1
Gesture-based interaction and communication: automated classification of hand gesture contours (2001)

The accurate classification of hand gestures is crucial in the development of novel hand gesture-based systems designed for human-computer interaction (HCI) and for human alternative and augmentative communication (HAAC). A complete vision-based system, consisting of hand gesture acquisition, segmentation, filtering, representation and classification, is developed to robustly classify hand gestures. The algorithms in the subsystems are formulated or selected to optimality classify hand gestures. The gray-scale image of a hand gesture is segmented using a histogram thresholding algorithm. A morphological filtering approach is designed to effectively remove background and object noise in the segmented image. The contour of a gesture is represented by a localized contour sequence whose samples are the perpendicular distances between the contour pixels and the chord connecting the end-points of a window centered on the contour pixels. Gesture similarity is determined by measuring the similarity between the localized contour sequences of the gestures. Linear alignment and nonlinear alignment are developed to measure the similarity between the localized contour sequences. Experiments and evaluations on a subset of American Sign Language (ASL) hand gestures show that, by using nonlinear alignment, no gestures are misclassified by the system. Additionally, it is also estimated that real-time gesture classification is possible through the use of a high-speed PC, high-speed digital signal processing chips and code optimization.
Unconstrained isosurface extraction on arbitrary octrees (2007)

This paper presents a novel algorithm for generating a watertight level-set from an octree. We show that the levelset can be efficiently extracted regardless of the topology of the octree or the values assigned to the vertices. The key idea behind our approach is the definition of a set of binary edge-trees derived from the octree's topology. We show that the edge-trees can be used define the positions of the isovalue-crossings in a consistent fashion and to resolve inconsistencies that may arise when a single edge has multiple isovalue-crossings. Using the edge-trees, we show that a provably watertight mesh can be extracted from the octree without necessitating the refinement of nodes or modification of their values.
Lipid suppressed and tissue-fraction corrected metabolic distributions in human central brain structures using 2D 1 H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging at 7 tesla (2020)

ABSTRACT Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has the potential to add a layer of understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying brain diseases, disease progression, and treatment efficacy. Limitations related to metabolite fitting of low SNR data, signal variations due to partial volume effects, acquisition and extra-cranial lipid artefacts, along with clinically relevant aspects such as scan-time constraints, are among the factors that hinder the widespread implementation of in vivo MRSI. The aim of this work was to address these factors and to develop an acquisition, reconstruction and post-processing pipeline to derive lipid suppressed metabolite values based on Free Induction Decay (FID-MRSI) measurements made using a 7 tesla MR scanner. Anatomical images were used to perform high-resolution (1mm 3 ) partial-volume correction to account for grey matter, white matter and cerebral-spinal fluid signal contributions. Implementation of automatic quality control thresholds and normalization of metabolic maps from 23 subjects to the MNI standard atlas facilitated the creation of high-resolution average metabolite maps of several clinically relevant metabolites in central brain regions, while accounting for macromolecular distributions. Reported metabolite values include glutamate, choline, (phospo)creatine, myo-inositol, glutathione, N-acetyl aspartyl glutamate(and glutamine) and N-acetyl aspartate. MNI-registered average metabolite maps facilitate group-based analysis; thus offering the possibility to mitigate uncertainty in variable MRSI.
Towards a semantic world: Smart objects in a virtual world (2010)

Abstract: The coming Internet of Things will usher in a semantic world (analogous to the semantic web) where physical objects will be networked so that they can communicate with each other and with humans. This paper identifies protocols that smart objects will need to follow and how to use today’s 3D virtual worlds to better simulate and better understand protocols for tomorrow’s smart world.
End-to-end test of an online adaptive treatment procedure in MR-guided radiotherapy using a phantom with anthropomorphic structures (2019)

Online adaptive treatment procedures in magnetic resonance (MR)-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) allow compensating for inter-fractional anatomical variations in the patient. Clinical implementation of these procedures, however, requires specific end-to-end tests to validate the treatment chain including imaging, treatment planning, positioning, treatment plan adaption and accurate dose delivery. For this purpose, a new phantom with reproducibly adjustable anthropomorphic structures has been developed. These structures can be filled either with contrast materials providing anthropomorphic image contrast in MR and CT or with polymer dosimetry gel (PG) allowing for 3D dose measurements. To test an adaptive workflow at a 0.35 T MR-Linac, the phantom was employed in two settings simulating inter-fractional anatomical variations within the patient. The settings included two PG-filled structures representing a tumour and an adjacent organ at risk (OAR) as well as five additional structures. After generating a treatment plan, three irradiation experiments were performed: (i) delivering the treatment plan to the phantom in reference setting, (ii) delivering the treatment plan after changing the phantom to a displaced setting without adaption, and (iii) adapting the treatment plan online to the new setting and delivering it to the phantom. PG measurements revealed a homogeneous tumour coverage and OAR sparing for experiment (i) and a significant under-dosage in the PTV (down to 45% of the prescribed dose) and over-dosage in the OAR (up to 180% relative to the planned dose) in experiment (ii). In experiment (iii), a uniform dose in the PTV and a significantly reduced dose in the OAR was obtained, well-comparable to that of experiment (i) where no adaption of the treatment plan was necessary. PG measurements were well comparable with the corresponding treatment plan in all irradiation experiments. The developed phantom can be used to perform end-to-end tests of online adaptive treatment procedures at MR-Linac devices before introducing them to patients.
Nanoscale structural alterations in cancer cells to assess anti-cancerous drug effectiveness in cancer treatment using TEM imaging (2019)

Understanding the nanoscale structural changes can provide the physical state of cells/tissues. It has been now shown that increases in nanoscale structural alterations are associated with the progress of carcinogenesis in most of the cancer cases, including early carcinogenesis. Anti-cancerous therapies are intended for the growth inhibition of cancer cells; however, it is challenging to detect the efficacy of such drugs in early stages of treatment. A unique method to assess the impact of anti-cancerous drugs on cancerous cells/tissues is to probe the nanoscale structural alterations. In this paper, we study the effect of different anti-cancerous drugs on ovarian tumorigenic cells, using their nanoscale structural alterations as a biomarker. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging on thin cell sections is performed to obtain their nanoscale structures. The degree of nanoscale structural alterations of tumorigenic cells and anti-cancerous drug treated tumorigenic cells are quantified by using the recently developed inverse participation ratio (IPR) technique. Results show an increase in the degree of nanoscale fluctuations in tumorigenic cells relative to non-tumorigenic cells; then a nearly reverse of the degree of fluctuation of tumorigenic cells to that of non-tumorigenic cells, after the anti-cancerous drugs treatment. These results support that the effect of anti-cancerous drugs in cancer treatment can be quantified by using the degree of nanoscale fluctuations of the cells via TEM imaging. Potential applications of the technique for cancer treatment are also discussed.
X-Ray Diffuse Scattering Measurements of Nucleation Dynamics at Femtosecond Resolution (2008)

Femtosecond time-resolved small and wide angle x-ray diffuse scattering techniques are applied to investigate the ultrafast nucleation processes that occur during the ablation process in semiconducting materials. Following intense optical excitation, a transient liquid state of high compressibility characterized by large-amplitude density fluctuations is observed and the buildup of these fluctuations is measured in real time. Small-angle scattering measurements reveal snapshots of the spontaneous nucleation of nanoscale voids within a metastable liquid and support theoretical predictions of the ablation process.
Metabolomics for Prediction of Relapse in Graves' Disease: Observational Pilot Study (2018)

<b>Background:</b> There is a lack of biochemical markers for early prediction of relapse in patients with Graves' disease [GD], which may help to direct treatment decisions. We assessed the prognostic ability of a high-throughput proton NMR metabolomic profile to predict relapse in a well characterized cohort of GD patients. <b>Methods:</b> Observational study investigating patients presenting with GD at a Swiss hospital endocrine referral center and an associated endocrine outpatient clinic. We measured 227 metabolic markers in the blood of patients before treatment initiation. Main outcome was relapse of hyperthyroidism within 18 months of stopping anti-thyroid drugs. We used ROC analysis with AUC to assess discrimination. <b>Results:</b> Of 69 included patients 18 (26%) patients had a relapse of disease. The clinical GREAT score had an AUC of 0.68 (95% CI 0.63-0.70) to predict relapse. When looking at the metabolomic markers, univariate analysis revealed pyruvate and triglycerides in medium VLDL as predictors with AUCs of 0.73 (95% CI 0.58-0.84) and 0.67 (95% CI 0.53-0.80), respectively. All other metabolomic markers had lower AUCs. <b>Conclusion:</b> Overall, metabolomic markers in our pilot study had low to moderate prognostic potential for prediction of relapse of GD, with pyruvate and triglycerides being candidates with acceptable discriminatory abilities. Our data need validation in future larger trials.
A Simple, High-Performance Space–Time Code for MIMO Backscatter Communications (2020)

In this article, we propose a 2 × 2 space-time code (STC) for backscatter communications. The interesting thing is that although the proposed code performs much worse than the classical Alamouti code in conventional channels, it achieves almost the same performance as the Alamouti code in backscatter channels. More importantly, it has a considerably lower tag circuit complexity, which is more preferred in hardware-limited backscatter devices. This article indicates that the sets of “good STCs” for conventional channels and backscatter channels are not heavily overlapped, and there may exist many simpler STCs, which were previously ignored and not reported in conventional channels, have high performance, particularly, in backscatter channels.
The plastid redox insensitive 2 mutant of Arabidopsis is impaired in PEP activity and high light‐dependent plastid redox signalling to the nucleus (2011)

The photosynthetic apparatus is composed of proteins encoded by genes from both the nuclear and the chloroplastic genomes. The activities of the nuclear and chloroplast genomes must therefore be closely coordinated through intracellular signalling. The plastids produce multiple retrograde signals at different times of their development, and in response to changes in the environment. These signals regulate the expression of nuclear-encoded photosynthesis genes to match the current status of the plastids. Using forward genetics we identified PLASTID REDOX INSENSITIVE 2 (PRIN2), a chloroplast component involved in redox-mediated retrograde signalling. The allelic mutants prin2-1 and prin2-2 demonstrated a misregulation of photosynthesis-associated nuclear gene expression in response to excess light, and an inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport. As a consequence of the misregulation of LHCB1.1 and LHCB2.4, the prin2 mutants displayed a high irradiance-sensitive phenotype with significant photoinactivation of photosystem II, indicated by a reduced variable to maximal fluorescence ratio (F(v) /F(m) ). PRIN2 is localized to the nucleoids, and plastid transcriptome analyses demonstrated that PRIN2 is required for full expression of genes transcribed by the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP). Similarly to the prin2 mutants, the ys1 mutant with impaired PEP activity also demonstrated a misregulation of LHCB1.1 and LHCB2.4 expression in response to excess light, suggesting a direct role for PEP activity in redox-mediated retrograde signalling. Taken together, our results indicate that PRIN2 is part of the PEP machinery, and that the PEP complex responds to photosynthetic electron transport and generates a retrograde signal, enabling the plant to synchronize the expression of photosynthetic genes from both the nuclear and plastidic genomes.
Remembering Gordon Moore, whose famous law defined Silicon Valley for the next six decades (2023)

The <i>Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology</i> (JM3) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
Unsteady dissipation measurements on a flat plate subject to wake passing (2003)

Boundary layer measurements were performed on a flat plate with an imposed pressure gradient typical of a high-lift low-pressure (LP) turbine blade and subject to incoming turbulent wakes shed from a moving bar wake generator. A multiple-orientation one-dimensional laser doppler anemometry (LDA) technique was used to measure the ensemble-average mean flow and Reynolds stresses. These ensembleaverage measurements were used to calculate the boundary layer dissipation, thereby providing unprecedented experimental evidence of the loss-reducing mechanisms associated with wake-induced transition. The benign character of the calmed zone was confirmed and the early stages of boundary layer separation were found to have laminar levels of dissipation. A deterministic natural transition phenomenon was identified between wake passing events, highlighting the existence of natural transition phenomena in LP turbine style pressure distributions.
Identical broadband chirped grating interrogationtechnique for temperature and strain sensing (1997)

The authors propose a simple, low-cost technique for the interrogation of fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The induced mismatch between two identical broadband fibre chirped gratings is used to provide a mechanism for measuring changes in strain/temperature associated with one grating. A linear relationship with detected optical power is seen, with a 10 nm chirp rate facilitating sensing ranges up to 9000 µɛ and 750°C for strain and temperature change, respectively.
Abundance and dynamics of free flagellate scales in marine costal ecosystems (2004)

Some groups of algae form extracellular scales of organic or inorganic material as part of their extracellular matrix, and such scales, shed from algae, are frequently observed by electron microscopy in marine water samples. However, virtually nothing is known about the production and fate of algal scales in natural ecosystems. In this study we demonstrate the seasonal variation of free scales in Norwegian coastal waters and their short time dynamics (3 wk) in enclosed water masses with artificially induced phytoplankton blooms. In addition we estimate decay rates of free scales under laboratory conditions. The total abundance of scales was 3 10 4 to 1.2 10 6 ml -1 in the coastal ecosystem we studied and we could follow the dynamics of free scales from different species of Pyramimonas, Heterocapsa and Chrysochromulina. From laboratory incubation we measured decay rates of free scales in the range of -0.01 to -0.02 d -1 . The mechanism for disappearance of algal scales seems to be a combined effect of degradation and aggregation.
Unsupervised Learning Approaches for User Clustering in NOMA enabled Aerial SWIPT Networks (2019)

This paper studies the application of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) to millimeterwave non-orthogonal multiple access (mmWave-NOMA) enabled aerial networks, where an aerial base station (ABS) sends wireless information and energy simultaneously via NOMA schemes to multiple single-antenna information decoding (ID) devices and energy harvesting (EH) devices. This paper aims to maximize the harvested sum-power of all EH devices subject to given minimum rate constraints at different ID devices. Furthermore, we develop two machine learning based clustering algorithms, namely, K-means and K-medoids, where devices' locations are extracted to model the features for clustering. Our simulation results demonstrate: 1) the impact of different clustering approaches on the sum EH power under different spatial distributions of devices; 2) the proposed machine learning based clustering framework for mmWave-NOMA enabled aerial SWIPT networks is capable of achieving considerate improvements in terms of the harvested energy compared to conventional aerial SWIPT networks.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Cp(CO)(PR3)FeCH(OCH3)C6H5 Complexes via PR3 Substitution Reactions, Hydride Addition to Cp(CO)(PR3)Fe=C(OCH3)C6H+ 5, and Methoxide Addition to Cp(CO)(PR3)Fe=CHC6H+ 5. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Diastereoselectivities. Relative Reactivities of Synclinal and Anticlinal Iron Carbene Isomers. (1989)

Abstract In order to develop syntheses of optically pure chiral‐at‐iron benzylidene complexes, which are used in the synthesis of enantioselective cyclopropanes, routes to diastereomers of compounds of type (III) are examined.
Interferon γ induced compositional changes in human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (2017)

This data provides an in depth analysis of the proteome of basal and IFN-γ treated human mesenchymal stem cells and it identifies a number of novel proteins that may contribute to the immunoregulatory capacity if IFN-γ licensed cells.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW 5‐SUBSTITUTED‐2‐FURALDEHYDES (1977)

Abstract Ausgehend von den Furfuralen (I) und (IV) werden die 5‐substituierten Furfurale (III), (VI) und (VIII) dargestellt.
Radiation resistance due to high expression of miR-21 and G2/M checkpoint arrest in breast cancer cells (2012)

Our data indicate that miR-21 expression in breast cancer cells contributes to radiation resistance by compromising cell cycle progression. These data point to the potential of combining radiotherapy with an anti-miR-21 as a potent G2/M check point inhibitor in overcoming radiation resistance of tumours.
High-frequency forcing of a turbulent axisymmetric wake (2015)

A high-frequency periodic jet, issuing immediately below the point of separation, is used to force the turbulent wake of a bluff axisymmetric body, its axis aligned with the free stream. It is shown that the base pressure may be varied more or less at will: at forcing frequencies several times that of the shear layer frequency, the time-averaged area-weighted base pressure increases by as much as 35 %. An investigation of the effects of forcing is made using random and phase-locked two-component particle image velocimetry (PIV), and modal decomposition of pressure fluctuations on the base of the model. The forcing does not target specific local or global wake instabilities: rather, the high-frequency jet creates a row of closely spaced vortex rings, immediately adjacent to which are regions of large shear on each side. These shear layers are associated with large dissipation and inhibit the entrainment of fluid. The resulting pressure recovery is proportional to the strength of the vortices and is accompanied by a broadband suppression of base pressure fluctuations associated with all modes. The optimum forcing frequency, at which amplification of the shear layer mode approaches unity gain, is roughly five times the shear layer frequency.
Analytic traffic model of web server (2007)

A queueing model for the buffer between a web server and the Internet is presented. The generated traffic is modelled as a superposition of sessions started by independent users, where each session corresponds to one file download. This model leads to analytical expressions for the main performance measures (buffer occupancy, delay) of the buffer and allows rapid comparison of various alternatives. An example is presented.
Recent Advances In Automated Patterned Wafer Inspection (1989)

An automated patterned wafer inspection system has been developed with submicron sensitivity which is capable of inspecting a complete 150mm wafer in less than three and a half minutes. The system was designed to be used on-line in a production environment to assist the process engineer in identifying critical yield limiting process steps. The system can be interfaced to an automated off-line defect review microscope which allows for the classification of defects. An overview of the optical system and unique signal processing techniques will be presented. Performance results on a variety of different process levels on various types of patterned wafers will be discussed.