gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mosaic deletion 11p13 in a child with dopamine beta‐hydroxylase deficiency—Case report and review of the literature (2010)

Abstract Dopamine beta‐hydroxylase (DBH) deficiency is characterized by a lack of sympathetic noradrenergic function. Affected individuals exhibit profound deficits in autonomic regulation of cardiovascular function. The diagnosis of DBH deficiency is based on clinical findings, biochemical studies, and sequencing of DBH gene. We report here the characterization of a mosaic cytogenetic abnormality detected by array‐CGH in a 16‐year‐old female with primary DBH deficiency together with dysmorphic features. These features could not be explained by DBH deficiency leading to further investigation. Karyotype was reported normal (46,XX), while a targeted genomic array‐CGH revealed a mosaic loss for a segment of at least 1 Mb across 11p13. This segmental loss included the PAX6 and WT1 genes within the WAGR syndrome critical region. Interestingly, the derivative chromosome 11 was observed only in about 28% of cells analyzed. Utilizing a genome‐wide oligonucleotide‐based array, the deletion segment was estimated to encompass a segment of ∼10 Mb. Mosaic deletions of 11p13 in WAGR are extremely uncommon. In this case it is distinctly possible that the patient's bilateral iris colobomata might be a manifestation, albeit abbreviated, of the haploinsufficiency for PAX6. This case highlights the importance of cytogenetic analysis when a mutation alone cannot account for the complete phenotype. It also emphasizes the enhanced ability of high‐resolution array‐CGH techniques in accurately detecting subtle rearrangements in a mosaic form. Finally, it demonstrates the possible phenotypic effects of low‐level PAX6 haploinsufficiency in a dosage‐sensitive manner. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxide Protective Coatings for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnects (2011)

The long-term stability of SOFC stacks is a critical hurdle to their commercial success. To maintain low stack and system costs, metallic interconnect materials are required; to achieve long life, protective coatings must stabilize metal interconnect performance. Further, these coatings must exhibit sufficient bulk conductivity to achieve low stack area specific resistance. To exploit the cost advantages offered by metallic interconnects, coating approaches must be size-scalable and allow high volume throughput at low capital cost. NexTech has systematically developed cost-effective approaches to synthesizing and depositing oxide coatings through value-conscious materials processing and deposition processes. Recently, manganese cobalt spinel synthesis and deposition has been demonstrated using production process designed to allow high throughput production.
Do You Report an Accurate International Normalized Ratio? Find Out Using Local Verification and Calibration (2011)

The current method for monitoring vitamin K antagonist (AVK) anticoagulant therapy is the international normalized ratio (INR) that provides consistency and standardization for the prothrombin time (PT) assay value. Even after the standardization of the INR, inaccuracies of this value have still been reported. To make the INR even more accurate, better local assessments of INR parameters are becoming available. These new methods use plasmas with certified INR values to locally verify and, if necessary, recalculate the international sensitivity index (ISI) for the local laboratory’s reagent and instrument system. This CE Update will discuss the concepts of local verification and calibration to better define the manufacturer’s assigned ISI value, thus reporting more accurate INR results.
Thin glass based packaging and photonic single-mode waveguide integration by ion-exchange technology on board and module level (2011)

The proposed novel packaging approach merges micro-system packaging and glass integrated optics. It provides 3D optical single-mode intra system links to bridge the gap between novel photonic integrated circuits and the glass fibers for inter system interconnects. We introduce our hybrid 3D photonic packaging approach based on thin glass substrates with planar integrated optical single-mode waveguides for fiber-to-chip and chip-to-chip links. Optical mirrors and lenses provide optical mode matching for photonic IC assemblies and optical fiber interconnects. Thin glass is commercially available in panel and wafer formats and characterizes excellent optical and high-frequency properties as reviewed in the paper. That makes it perfect for micro-system packaging. The adopted planar waveguide process based on ion-exchange technology is capable for high-volume manufacturing. This ion-exchange process and the optical propagation are described in detail for thin glass substrates. An extensive characterization of all basic circuit elements like straight and curved waveguides, couplers and crosses proves the low attenuation of the optical circuit elements.
Autophagy protects against active tuberculosis by suppressing bacterial burden and inflammation (2012)

Autophagy is a cell biological pathway affecting immune responses. In vitro, autophagy acts as a cell-autonomous defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but its role in vivo is unknown. Here we show that autophagy plays a dual role against tuberculosis: antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. M. tuberculosis infection of Atg5(fl/fl) LysM-Cre(+) mice relative to autophagy-proficient littermates resulted in increased bacillary burden and excessive pulmonary inflammation characterized by neutrophil infiltration and IL-17 response with increased IL-1α levels. Macrophages from uninfected Atg5(fl/fl) LysM-Cre(+) mice displayed a cell-autonomous IL-1α hypersecretion phenotype, whereas T cells showed propensity toward IL-17 polarization during nonspecific activation or upon restimulation with mycobacterial antigens. Thus, autophagy acts in vivo by suppressing both M. tuberculosis growth and damaging inflammation.
An Evaluation of Microbial Leakage in Roots Filled with a Thermoplastic Synthetic Polymer-Based Root Canal Filling Material (Resilon) (2004)

The purpose of this study was to compare bacterial leakage using Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis through gutta-percha and a thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based root filling (Resilon) using two filling techniques during a 30-day period. Teeth were decoronated, roots prepared to a length of 16 mm, and instrumented to ISO sizes 40 to 50. A total of 156 roots were randomly divided into 8 groups of 15 roots (groups 1-8) and 3 control groups (12 roots each). Roots were filled using lateral and vertical condensation techniques with gutta-percha and AH 26 sealer (groups 1 and 2) or with gutta-percha and Epiphany sealer (groups 3 and 4). Groups 5 and 6 were filled with Resilon and Epiphany sealer using the lateral or vertical condensation techniques. A split chamber microbial leakage model was used in which S. mutans placed in the upper chamber could reach the lower chamber only through the filled canal. Groups 7 and 8 were identical to groups 5 and 6 respectively; however, E. faecalis was used to test the leakage. Positive controls were filled with Resilon (12 roots) and gutta-percha (12 roots) without sealer and tested with bacteria, whereas negative controls (12 roots) were sealed with wax to test the seal between chambers. All but one positive control leaked within 24 h, whereas none of the negative controls leaked. Resilon showed minimal leakage (group 8: one leakage; groups 5-7: each with two leakages), which was significantly less than gutta-percha, in which approximately 80% of specimens with either technique or sealer leaked. Kruskal-Wallis test showed statistical significance when all groups were compared (p < 0.05). Mann-Whitney U test compared the respective groups and found Resilon groups superior to gutta-percha groups (p < 0.05).
Intramural metastasis of T1 rectal cancer: report of a case report (2015)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the T1 rectal cancer with IM.
Characterization of thick lead zirconate titanate films fabricated using a new sol gel based process (1997)

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films 60 μm in thickness have been fabricated using a new sol gel based process. PZT powders are dispersed in a sol gel matrix to form a 0–3 ceramic/ceramic composite. The dielectric properties of these films have been studied as a function of powder concentration, frequency, and temperature. The characteristic Curie point is observed at 420 °C. The ferroelectric behavior measured in terms of the remanant polarization (Pr=35 μC/cm2) and coercive field (Ec=20 kV/cm) was an improvement over values quoted for thin PZT films but lower than that of bulk ceramic. The piezoelectric properties d33 (325 pC/N) and d31 (−80 pC/N) were comparable with those of the bulk ceramic.
<title>Variations in the geometrical distortion of x-ray image intensifiers</title> (1999)

The paper investigates the variability of the geometrical deformation in digital X-ray image intensifier images as a function of acquisition parameters and time. We have increased our understanding of the deformation patterns and of how they are influenced by normal clinical use. Our goal is to reduce the frequency of calibration and the complexity of the protocol for diagnostic and interventional procedures so that geometrical distortion correction can become part of daily clinical practice.
User mobility prediction based on Lagrange's interpolation in ultra-dense networks (2016)

The concept of Ultra-Dense Networks (UDNs) was first introduced by Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society (METIS) and it is considered as a promising technology in the future 5G. In UDNs, due to the dense deployment of femtocells, building User-Centric Networks (UCNs) is a clear trend and Virtual Cells (VCs) are the core function of UCNs. As user mobility prediction can enhance the mobility of UCNs and improve the handover performance of VCs, it is a critical issue in UDNs. Unfortunately, to the best of our knowledge, no literatures about user mobility prediction in UDNs are available. At present, most existing mobility prediction works are carried out in LTE networks and they only consider the cells which are uniformly distributed. What's more, as femtocells are densely deployed, the existing prediction works cannot be applied to UDNs directly. Therefore, we are trying to find a practical scheme with lower algorithmic complexity which can be applied to UDNs. In this paper, we explore a realistic block scenario with femtocells deployed according to Poisson Point Process (PPP). Exploiting context information, we propose a novel approach which fitting users' moving path based on Lagrange's interpolation. We evaluate users' transition probability to neighboring femtocells according to the slope of the trajectory polynomial and the distance between users and neighboring femtocells. Simulation results show that when choosing synchronous transmission points (TPs) based on the distance between users and neighboring TPs, five TPs with the highest transition probability can achieve the highest prediction accuracy. Besides, the combination of distance and direction can reduce the number of synchronous TPs without decreasing the prediction accuracy and it would perform better at a higher speed.
Graphene and Hexagonal Boron Nitride in Molybdenum Disulfide/Epoxy Composites for Significant X-ray Shielding Enhancement (2022)

Lead (Pb) is commonly used as a X-ray shielding material but has many limitations because of its heaviness and toxicity; thus, it is imperative to be replaced with lightweight and Pb-free shielding materials. To address this problem, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/epoxy (MoS2-EP) composites were considered as a possible solution. However, the low compatibility between MoS2 and an epoxy (EP) matrix and an unideal particle dispersion he lack of their distribution have hindered their designed X-ray shielding performance. To overcome this problem, this paper presented how the combination of graphene (GN) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) additives can significantly enhance the X-ray shielding performance of MoS2-EP composites. The results showed that when GN or hBN were introduced into the EP-MoS2 composite, X-ray transmission was reduced to 9.8% at 30 kVp and 40.3% at 80 kVp for EP-MoS2-GN and 7.1% at 30 kVp and 34.3% at 80 kVp for EP-MoS2-hBN. These results were explained due to the high aspect ratio of GN, which improved the MoS2 distribution within the EP matrix in the case of hBN, and the electrostatic forces at the interface of hBN and EP leading to better dispersion and interaction with the EP matrix compared to GN. Moreover, by employing an equal amount of the GN–hBN mixture, the synergistic effect of the EP-MoS2-GN-hBN composite film was observed with a significant X-ray shielding enhancement of 52.1% at 30 kVp and 33.2% at 80 kVp compared to that of the EP-MoS2 composite with the same thickness (2 mm) and density. These results were attributed to the molecular bonding of GN or hBN, which improved the compatibility between MoS2 and the EP matrix, providing other benefits of reduced surface roughness (0.46 μm) and improved composite hardness (65.7 HD). This work highlights a new strategy using combined GN and/or hBN for other high atomic number (Z) compounds–polymer composites and the development of advanced non-Pb X-ray shielding applications.
The bacterial injection kit: Type III secretion systems (2005)

Type III secretion (T3S) systems are widespread among Gram-negative bacteria pathogenic for animals and plants, including Yersinia spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic E. coli, or Pseudomonas spp. T3S systems allow bacteria to inject virulence proteins, called T3S effectors, into the cytosol of their eukaryotic host cells. These virulence factors will paralyze or reprogram the eukaryotic cell to the benefit of the pathogen. T3S effectors display a large repertoire of biochemical activities and modulate the function of crucial host regulatory molecules such as small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, or phosphoinositides. The activity of T3S effectors allows bacteria, for example, to invade non-phagocytic cells or to inhibit phagocytosis, to downregulate or promote pro-inflammatory responses, to induce apoptosis, to prevent autophagy, or to modulate intracellular trafficking. In this review, we present the most recent advances in the understanding of the mode of action of T3S effectors. We highlight the biochemical activities of these eukaryotic-like bacterial proteins that are shared among pathogens carrying T3S systems and the sequence, structural and functional resemblances between T3S effectors and eukaryotic proteins.
Don't bleach chaotic data (1993)

A common first step in time series signal analysis involves digitally filtering the data to remove linear correlations. The residual data is spectrally white (it is ``bleached''), but in principle retains the nonlinear structure of the original time series. It is well known that simple linear autocorrelation can give rise to spurious results in algorithms for estimating nonlinear invariants, such as fractal dimension and Lyapunov exponents. In theory, bleached data avoids these pitfalls. But in practice, bleaching obscures the underlying deterministic structure of a low-dimensional chaotic process. This appears to be a property of the chaos itself, since nonchaotic data are not similarly affected. The adverse effects of bleaching are demonstrated in a series of numerical experiments on known chaotic data. Some theoretical aspects are also discussed.
High-resolution ultrafast laser pulse shaping for quantum control and terabit per second communications (1996)

Advances in ultrafast laser pulse shaping technology will expand capabilities for quantum molecular control and high speed optical communications networks. Here we report a dramatic increase in pulse shaping resolution using a large aperture acoustooptic modulator[1]. We also present recent results with shaped pulse amplification and two applications–quantum control by steering wavepackets with frequency swept pulses, and an architecture for terabit/sec optical communications.
Excitation mechanism of cathodoluminescence of oxisulfides (1989)

This paper presents the first investigation on the diffusion of electron-hole pairs (generated under cathode-ray excitation) as a function of activator concentration in the oxisulfides ${L}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$S:${\mathrm{Tb}}^{3+}$ with L=Gd, La, or Y. The diffusion was studied by measuring the energy efficiency of the ${\mathrm{Tb}}^{3+}$ luminescence as a function of the accelerating voltage of the primary electrons. For all three host lattices investigated the diffusion length of the electron-hole pairs is found to be essentially constant at low activator concentrations (dominated by the killer concentration); then the diffusion length decreases with increasing activator concentration (increasing transfer to activators); at still higher concentrations, where the energy efficiency starts to decrease (concentration quenching), the diffusion length increases again. As the quantum yields with 254-nm excitation show hardly any decrease, the increasing diffusion length indicates a new mechanism, leading to concentration quenching. From our experiments we determined the cross section for excitation of a ${\mathrm{Tb}}^{3+}$ ion by a thermalized electron-hole pair to be about 30\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$.
Soluble Fibrinogen-Fibrin Complexes in Obstetrical Conditions (1977)

Soluble fibrinogen-fibrin complexes isolated by 6% agarose gel filtration (Bio-Gel A5m), were identified by the staphylococcal clumping test for the void volume polymers and radial immunodiffusion for the lower molecular weight oligomers. Women taking the oral contraceptive pill had significantly increased oligomer levels compared to non-pill controls;whilst in normal pregnancy there were small increases in both polymer and oligomer concentrations. In pre-eclampsia a marked increase in both types of soluble complex was found. This did not simply reflect the combination of hypertension and pregnancy, as soluble complex levels in pregnant women with essential hypertension did not differ from those in normal pregnancy. In pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation there was also a small but significant increase in oligomer concentration compared with normal pregnancy. While these results may simply reflect differing degrees of hypercoagulability, they could suggest increased local intravascular coagulation within the placenta in intrauterine growth retardation and disseminated intravascular coagulation in pre-eclampsia.
Method development for in situ study of marine vanadium peroxidase based on SERS and chemometrics (2020)

Abstract Vanadium peroxidases from marine algae are responsible for the production of ozone‐depleting compounds, volatile halogenated organic compounds (VHOC). Due to the impact the release of these compounds has on the global atmospheric and biogeochemical processes, there is an interest within marine sciences in developing analytical methods for studying the various aspects of the VHOC production, particularly in situ. This study aimed to provide new methods towards the development of in situ methods within marine sciences. We demonstrate the use of design of experiments together with orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) and transposed orthogonal partial least squares (T‐OPLS) to address the qualitative spectral analysis of an enzyme‐buffer system. The measurements were performed with surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on vanadium bromoperoxisase from the red algae Corallina officinalis . The chemometric tools used aimed to provide greater insights into how factors such as time, amount of gold nanoparticles and enzyme concentration influence the spectral responses and whether there was any synergy between those factors. The results acquired in this report aim to support future method development of chemometrics within in situ applications in marine sciences.
Effect of Pravastatin on Plasma Ketone Bodies in Diabetics with Hypercholesterolemia. (1998)

Hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) is a common intermediate metabolite of cholesterol synthesis and ketone formation in the liver. In order to study the effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (pravastatin) on ketone formation, changes in the plasma levels of ketone bodies by treatment with pravastatin were studied in 18 non-insulin dependent diabetics with hypercholesterolemia. Body mass index, diabetic control, and plasma free fatty acid levels were not changed during the study, and the plasma levels of cholesterol decreased significantly from 250 +/- 25 to 211 +/- 34 mg/100 ml after 6 months of pravastatin treatment. The plasma levels of acetoacetic acid also significantly decreased from 37.7 +/- 22.6 to 28.4 +/- 13.4 mumol/l, and those of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and total ketone bodies also tended to decrease after pravastatin treatment. These results suggest that pravastatin decreases ketone formation in hepatic mitochondria besides cholesterol synthesis in hepatic microsome.
Automatic Detection of Selective Auditory Attention Via Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (2013)

Past studies have shown that the effects of selective auditory attention are evident in medial olivocochlear (MOC) activity, manifested as the contralateral suppression (CS) of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs). This finding suggests the use of TEOAEs in the design of an auditory-based access technology as a potential access solution for children with severe disabilities. Thirteen participants with normal hearing threshold and normal middle ear function completed this study. The participants were instrumented with a TEOAE ear probe and presented with a contralateral acoustic stimulus. They were instructed to alternate auditory attention conditions as visually cued by symbols on an LCD display. Attentive and non-attentive conditions were detected with an overall accuracy of 70.17 +/- 12.54% at 2.44 +/- 0.3 bits per minute in a participant-specific classifier, and 65.92 +/- 13.91% in a participant-independent classifier. Detection of auditory attention exceeded random chance levels for 11 of 13 participants.
Waveguiding in Surface Plasmon Polariton Band Gap Structures (2001)

Using near-field optical microscopy, we investigate propagation and scattering of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP's) excited in the wavelength range of 780-820 nm at nanostructured gold-film surfaces with areas of 200-nm-wide scatterers arranged in a 400-nm-period triangular lattice containing line defects. We observe the SPP reflection by such an area and SPP guiding along line defects at 782 nm, as well as significant deterioration of these effects is 815 nm, thereby directly demonstrating the SPP band gap effect and showing first examples of SPP channel waveguides in surface band gap structures.
Aliquem: a novel DRR implementation to achieve better latency and fairness at O(1) complexity (2003)

Deficit round-robin is a packet scheduling algorithm devised to provide fair queueing in the presence of variable length packets (see Shreedhar, M. and Varghese, G., IEEE Trans. on Networking, vol.4, p.375-85, 1996). DRR can be implemented at O(1) complexity provided that each flow is allowed to transmit at least one maximum size packet on each round; however, under this constraint, DRR may exhibit high latency and poor fairness. We first generalize previous results known for DRR, related to its latency and fairness. We then introduce a novel DRR implementation technique, called active lists queue method (Aliquem), which allows the above constraint to be relaxed while preserving O(1) complexity, thus achieving better latency and fairness that are comparable to those of more complex algorithms, such as self-clocked fair queueing.