gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential therapeutic effects of mTOR inhibition in atherosclerosis (2015)

Despite significant improvement in the management of atherosclerosis, this slowly progressing disease continues to affect countless patients around the world. Recently, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been identified as a pre-eminent factor in the development of atherosclerosis. mTOR is a constitutively active kinase found in two different multiprotein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Pharmacological interventions with a class of macrolide immunosuppressive drugs, called rapalogs, have shown undeniable evidence of the value of mTORC1 inhibition to prevent the development of atherosclerotic plaques in several animal models. Rapalog-eluting stents have also shown extraordinary results in humans, even though the exact mechanism for this anti-atherosclerotic effect remains elusive. Unfortunately, rapalogs are known to trigger diverse undesirable effects owing to mTORC1 resistance or mTORC2 inhibition. These adverse effects include dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, both known triggers of atherosclerosis. Several strategies, such as combination therapy with statins and metformin, have been suggested to oppose rapalog-mediated adverse effects. Statins and metformin are known to inhibit mTORC1 indirectly via 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and may hold the key to exploit the full potential of mTORC1 inhibition in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Intermittent regimens and dose reduction have also been proposed to improve rapalog's mTORC1 selectivity, thereby reducing mTORC2-related side effects.
Optimal Correction Cost for Object Detection Evaluation (2022)

Mean Average Precision (mAP) is the primary evaluation measure for object detection. Although object detection has a broad range of applications, mAP evaluates detectors in terms of the performance of ranked instance retrieval. Such the assumption for the evaluation task does not suit some downstream tasks. To alleviate the gap between downstream tasks and the evaluation scenario, we propose Optimal Correction Cost (OC-cost), which assesses detection accuracy at image level. OC-cost computes the cost of correcting detections to ground truths as a measure of accuracy. The cost is obtained by solving an optimal transportation problem between the detections and the ground truths. Unlike mAP, OC-cost is designed to penalize false positive and false negative detections properly, and every image in a dataset is treated equally. Our experimental result validates that OC-cost has better agreement with human preference than a ranking-based measure, i.e., mAP for a single image. We also show that detectors' rankings by OC-cost are more consistent on different data splits than mAP. Our goal is not to replace mAP with OC-cost but provide an additional tool to evaluate detectors from another aspect. To help future researchers and developers choose a target measure, we provide a series of experiments to clarify how mAP and OC-cost differ.
Development of micro electroporation system for single cells (1996)

Two types of microelectroporation capillaries (two-electrode and three-electrode poration capillaries) for injection of genes or drugs into single cells were fabricated and their performance was investigated using Fe(CN)63- as a model substance. The two-electrode poration capillary consisted of a glass capillary with a sputtered Pt film at the outside and a Pt microwire at the inside. The three-electrode poration capillary possesses another Ag/AgCl microelectrode in the capillary. When an electric pulse was applied between the Pt film and Pt wire of the two-electrode capillary (Pt film positive, Pt wire negative), Fe(CN)63- dissolved in the solution inside the capillary was released by electromigration. The amount of the released Fe(CN)63- can be controlled by adjusting the magnitude and period of the pulse. We applied the two-electrode poration capillary to inject Fe(CN)63- into a single protoplast. The application of a electric pulse brought about a reversible membrane breakdown to form small pores in the membrane and simultaneously repelled Fe(CN)63- from the capillary by electromigration. The injection of Fe(CN)63- into the protoplast was confirmed by detecting the reduction current of Fe(CN)63- at an ultramicrodisk electrode inserted into the cell. In the three-electrode poration system, we applied two consecutive pulses for reversible membrane breakdown and for electromigration. The three-poration capillary was found to be effective for injection of charged substances.
King-Devick Test Time Varies by Testing Modality (2018)

Baseline KD performance is slower when tested on an iPad than when tested on spiral-bound paper cards. The 2 KD modalities should not be used interchangeably in concussion assessments because differences in the modalities can lead to time differences similar in magnitude to those used to indicate concussion. From a research perspective, modality may influence interpretation and/or synthesis of findings across studies.
Bioluminescent Marine Dinoflagellates (2022)

This chapter deals with the identified luminescent species of marine dinoflagellates and their description, emission maxima, total stimulable luminescence (TSL) in observed species of dinoflagellates. and their mechanism of bioluminescence.
Clinical practice patterns and cost effectiveness of human epidermal growth receptor 2 testing strategies in breast cancer patients (2009)

There was little information about the actual use of HER2 testing in clinical practice, but evidence suggested important variations in testing practices and key gaps in knowledge exist. Given the increasing use of targeted therapies, it is critical to build an evidence base that supports informed decision making on emerging testing technologies in cancer care.
References (2011)

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A 13b 315fs<inf>rms</inf> 2mW 500MS/s 1MHz bandwidth highly digital time-to-digital converter using switched ring oscillators (2012)

Time-to-digital converters (TDCs) were historically used in laser range-finding, automatic test equipment, and timing jitter measurements, but recent developments in the design of high-resolution TDCs have paved the way for mostly digital implementation of PLLs and ADCs. We present a highly digital switched ring oscillator based TDC (SRO-TDC) that achieves noise shaping and is capable of operating at high OSRs. The prototype SRO-TDC achieves an integrated noise of 315fs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> in a 1 MHz signal band-width at an input carrier and sampling frequencies of 80MHz and 500MHz, respectively while consuming less than 2mW from a 1V supply. It is also capable of operating over a wide range of input carrier frequencies (0.6 to 750MHz) and sampling rates (50 to 750MS/S).
A radical-based approach to hydroxytetralones from unprotected phenols (2010)

Xanthates derived from unprotected 2-hydroxyacetophenones undergo smooth intermolecular addition to unactivated alkenes and subsequent cyclisation to give hydroxytetralones in good yield.
Correlating web usage of health information with patient medical data. (2002)

The number of online websites providing health-related information to the general public increases daily. Yet, it is relatively unknown as to how individuals in the general population access information with respect to their own medical status. In this study, clickstream data from an online health information website is analyzed with respect to the user's health insurance claims. The relationships are assessed through the construction and study of intersecting sets of ICD-9 codes in visited web pages and claims made. Results demonstrate that approximately 15% of patients use health information on the web in exact agreement with their medical status. In addition, almost 40 codes were found to be indicative of temporal aspects in user behavior with respect to physician visits.
Summary of discussions at the ninth meeting of the Sandia Cooperative Group on the aerothermochemistry of turbulent combustion (1987)

A turbulent reacting flow working group has been established through the Department of Energy/Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Purpose of this group is to establish and maintain a strong interaction and active dialogue between workers currently involved in modeling turbulent reacting flows and those involved in related experiments. One objective of this collaboration is to develop an increased understanding of the fundamental interaction between the chemical and fluid dynamical processes occurring in chemically reacting flows and to utilize this understanding to improve predictive capabilities for turbulent combustion. Regular members, who represent academia, private industry, and national laboratories, and guests participate in the meetings. Several guests are invited to each meeting to provide an influx of different ideas and opinions to the discussions. This document is a summary of the discussions that took place during the ninth meeting, which was held at UC Davis, California, April 21 and 22, 1987.
Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (2006)

Cure of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is now a possibility for most patients through the use of state-of-the-art treatments, which include simultaneous administration of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and anthracycline-based chemotherapy for induction and consolidation, as well as ATRA-based maintenance. Risk-adapted strategies to modulate treatment intensity may be an effective approach to minimize therapy-related morbidity and mortality while maintaining the potential of cure. In this context, there is no role for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in front-line therapy, except for the small fraction of patients with persistent minimal residual disease at the end of consolidation. However, HSCT plays an important role for patients in second complete remission. In contrast, an increasing role of arsenic trioxide (ATO) is emerging. Given the high antileukemic efficacy observed with ATO in patients relapsing after ATRA-containing regimens, this agent is currently regarded as the best treatment option in this setting. However, until a randomized comparison between the standard therapy and ATO-based regimens in front-line therapy is available, this latter approach should only be recommended for unfit patients for whom chemotherapy is contraindicated. In addition to reviewing current consensus and controversial issues on antileukemic strategies, this review addresses other aspects that can be crucial for the outcome of individual patients. These aspects include supportive care, recognition and treatment of life-threatening complications, evaluation of response, and, finally, management of the disease in special conditions such as older patients, children and pregnant women.
Review of Advanced Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2014)

The scientific community is focused on the development of inexpensive and high-performing membrane materials for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs). The major approach to reducing the cost of FCs, which is crucial for the widespread acceptance of FCs as energy sources for various practical applications, is reducing the cost of the membrane. Efforts are being made in the development of advanced polymeric materials, which will satisfy the technical and economic demands of the consumers. Because most alternative membranes are outperformed by Nafion membranes over an entire set of important properties, it may be worthwhile to compromise on certain parameters to develop alternative specialized membranes. This review presents the properties (mainly conductivity and chemical and mechanical stability) of modern solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for PEM FCs.
Collection tree protocol (2009)

This paper presents and evaluates two principles for wireless routing protocols. The first is datapath validation: data traffic quickly discovers and fixes routing inconsistencies. The second is adaptive beaconing: extending the Trickle algorithm to routing control traffic reduces route repair latency and sends fewer beacons.
The Advanced Particle-astrophysics Telescope (APT) (2019)

We propose a mission concept for a space-based gamma-ray and cosmic-ray explorer known as the Advanced Particle-astrophysics Telescope (APT). The instrument design is driven by two scientific objectives: (1) to confirm or rule out the WIMP dark matter paradigm and (2) to promptly localize the electromagnetic counterparts of neutron-star mergers.
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: Diagnostics for sparse molecules (1997)

The robust glow of molecular fluorescence renders even sparse molecules detectable and susceptible to analysis for concentration, mobility, chemistry, and photophysics. Correlation spectroscopy, a statistical-physics-based tool, gleans quantitative information from the spontaneously fluctuating fluorescence signals obtained from small molecular ensembles. This analytical power is available for studying molecules present at minuscule concentrations in liquid solutions (less than one nanomolar), or even on the surfaces of living cells at less than one macromolecule per square micrometer. Indeed, routines are becoming common to detect, locate, and examine individual molecules under favorable conditions.
Preparation of Silicon Carbide from Methylchlorosilanes in a Plasma Torch (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticlePreparation of Silicon Carbide from Methylchlorosilanes in a Plasma TorchR. M. SalingerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1972, 11, 2, 230–231Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360042a022https://doi.org/10.1021/i360042a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Sonographic Prenatal Diagnosis of Ambiguous Genitalia (1995)

A case report is presented herein of a 33-year-old woman with a history of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in 2 prior births. At 30 weeks of gestation, a scan of the fetal perineum demonstrated ambiguous genitalia which was confirmed at birth. This case demonstrates that when the fetal perineum is well visualized, the diagnosis of normal and abnormal genital development can be made sonographically. This can assist in perinatal/neonatal management, planning and in some cases, can also serve as an additional tool to monitor the success of prenatal steroid therapy of fetal congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Dynamic risk assessment in autonomous vehicles motion planning (2008)

Arguing that an autonomous mobile system is sufficiently safe to operate in presence of other vehicles and objects is an important element in development of such systems. Traditional approach to assure safety is to distinguish between safe and unsafe area and prevent the autonomous vehicle from entering the unsafe area. The paper presents a model of autonomous vehicle control system which uses risk assessment of the current and foreseen situations to plan its movement. The approach is discussed for two examples of simulation scenarios. The problem of risk assessment uncertainty and the need for cooperation between vehicles is addressed.
Novel Catalysts for Isotopic Exchange between Hydrogen and Liquid Water (1978)

Catalytic isotopic exchange between hydrogen and liquid water offers many inherent potential advantages for the separation of hydrogen isotopes which is of great importance in the Canadian nuclear program. Active catalysts for isotopic exchange between hydrogen and water vapour have long been available, but these catalysts are essentially inactive in the presence of liquid water. New, water repellent platinum catalysts have been prepared by: 1) treating supported catalysts with silicone, 2) depositing platinum on inherently hydrophobic polymeric supports, and 3) treating platinized carbon with Teflon and bonding to a carrier. The activity of these catalysts for isotopic exchange between counter-current streams of liquid water and hydrogen saturated with water vapour has been measured in a packed trickle bed integral reactor. The performance of these hydrophobic catalysts is compared with non-wetproofed catalysts. The mechanism of the overall exchange reaction is briefly discussed.
Prediction of particulate fouling in full-scale reverse osmosis plants using the modified fouling index – ultrafiltration (MFI-UF) method (2023)

This study aims at applying and verifying the MFI-UF method to predict particulate fouling in RO plants. Two full-scale RO plants treating surface water, with average capacity of 800–2000 m3/h, were studied. Firstly, the MFI-UF of RO feed and concentrate was measured using 5–100 kDa membranes at same flux applied in the RO plants (20–26 L/m2.h). Subsequently, the particle disposition factor (Ω) was calculated to simulate particle deposition in RO cross-flow filtration. Finally, particulate fouling rates were predicted based on MFI-UF and Ω, and compared with the actual fouling rates in the plants. For plant A, the results showed that the fouling rates predicted using MFI-UF measured with 100 kDa membrane have the best agreement with the actual fouling (with 3–11 % deviation). For plant B, the fouling rates predicted based on both 10 and 100 kDa membranes agree well with the actual fouling (with 2 % and 15 % deviation, respectively). However, the fouling predicted based on 5 kDa membrane is considerably overestimated for both plants, which is attributed to the effect of the low surface porosity of 5 kDa membrane. More widespread applications of MFI-UF in full-scale RO plants are required to demonstrate the most suitable MFI-UF membranes for fouling prediction.
3-(3-Methoxyphenyl)benzo[d]thiazolo[3,2-a]imidazol-9-ium hydrogen sulfate (2012)

In the title mol-ecular salt, C(16)H(13)N(2)OS(+)·HSO(4) (-), the thia-zolo[3,2-a]benzimidazolium ring system is roughly planar [maximum deviation = 0.046 (3) Å] and makes a dihedral angle of 58.22 (11)° with the benzene ring. The meth-oxy group is almost coplanar with its attached benzene ring [C(meth-yl)-O-C-C = -1.6 (5)°]. In the crystal, the cation is linked to the anion by a bifurcated N-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bond, generating an R(1) (2)(4) ring motif. The ion pairs are then connected by a C-H⋯O hydrogen bond into inversion dimers and these dimers are further linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into an infinite tape along [100]. A π-π stacking inter-action [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.5738 (18) Å] and a short inter-molecular contact [S⋯O = 2.830 (3) Å] are also observed.
Delta range positioning assisted with satellites (2019)

We know that real global positioning, i.e. in all environments, has been a scientific challenge for several years. The Global Positioning System (GPS) launched the impulse with its democratization in the 2000s: geographical position has gradually become a constituent element of modern digital devices available to general public. Integrating a GPS chip into smartphones was only one step. The rise of the Internet Of Thing announced by the deployment of 5G reinforces this trend. Indeed, more and more connected objects will be present and many of their applications need the geographical position. In this context, satellite signals play a key role in calculating position, especially outdoors using the GPS function. In more challenging environments, or when the need for ac-curacy becomes crucial, these signals can be used alone or in conjunction with others (or other physical measurements). The recent deployment of several con-stellations of what are now called the Global Navigation Satellites Systems (GNSS) further reinforces the presence of these signals, which can therefore be used. The previous works [1-2] focused on a positioning method using the measurements of variations of distances between a mobile receiver device and transmitters (pseudolites) placed in the immediate environment. The same prin-ciples applied with GNSS satellitesgive the displacement vectors with a good accuracy. This allows carrying out positioning assisted with satellite whose re-sults are presented here.
An Improved Screening Model To Identify Inhibitors Targeting Zinc-Enhanced Amyloid Aggregation (2009)

Zinc, which is abundant in senile plaques consisting mainly of fibrillar beta-amyloid (Abeta), plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Treatment with zinc chelators such as clioquinol has been used to prevent Abeta aggregation in Alzheimer's patients; however, clioquinol produces severe side effects. A simple, easy, inexpensive, and versatile screen to identify zinc chelators for inhibition of Abeta aggregation is currently unavailable. We thus developed a high-throughput screen that identifies zinc chelators with anti-Abeta aggregation activity. The recombinant Abeta peptides, aggregated on solid-phase microplates, formed Abeta-immunopositive beta-sheet-containing structures in the presence of zinc. Formation of these Abeta fibrils was specifically blocked by metal ion chelators. This screening model improves identification of zinc-enhanced Abeta fibrils and anti-Abeta aggregation mediated by zinc chelating. The convenient system could qualitatively and quantitatively assay a large sample pool for Abeta aggregation inhibition and dissolution of Abeta aggregates. This screen is practical, reliable, and versatile for comprehensive detection of amyloid fibrillation and identification of inhibitors of Abeta aggregation.
TOLERANCE OF RENAL ALLOGRAFTS ACROSS HLA BARRIERS: FOLLOW-UP ON THE FIRST TRIAL AND INITIAL RESULTS OF THE SECOND (2010)

Kawai, T.; Sachs, D. H.; Spitzer, T.; Tolkoff-Rubin, N.; Colvin, R. B.; Saidman, S.; Ko, D. S.C.; Wong, W.; Williams, W.; Sykes, M.; Cosimi, A. B. I. T.N.036ST Study Group Author Information
Joint bleeding in factor VIII deficient mice causes an acute loss of trabecular bone and calcification of joint soft tissues which is prevented with aggressive factor replacement (2020)

While chronic degenerative arthropathy is the main morbidity of hemophilia, a very high prevalance of low bone density is also seen in men and boys with hemophilia. The current study investigates bone degradation in the knee joint of hemophilic mice resulting from hemarthrosis and the efficacy of aggressive treatment with factor VIII in the period surrounding injury to prevent bone pathology.
Bus-switch coding for reducing power dissipation in off-chip buses (2004)

We present a novel coding scheme for reducing bus power dissipation. The presented approach is well suited to driving off-chip buses, where the line capacitance is a dominant factor. A distinctive feature of the technique is the dynamic reordering of bus line positions, in order to minimize the toggling activity on physical bus wires. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through cycle-accurate simulation of industrial benchmarks in conjunction with post-layout evaluation of speed, power and area overhead.