gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic analysis of temporal shifts in berry development between two grapevine cultivars of the Pinot family reveals potential genes controlling ripening time (2021)

Many of the 1,923 DEGs show highly similar expression profiles in both cultivars if the patterns are aligned according to developmental stage. In our work, putative genes differentially expressed between PNP and PN which could control ripening time as well as veraison-specific genes were identified. We point out connections of these genes to molecular events during berry development and discuss potential candidate genes which may control ripening time. Two of these candidates were observed to be differentially expressed in the early berry development phase. Several down-regulated genes during berry ripening are annotated as auxin response factors / ARFs. Conceivably, general changes in auxin signaling may cause the earlier ripening phenotype of PNP.
THE NOVEL 8×8 TRANSFER MATRIX METHOD OF THE LC OPTICS SIMULATIONS: APPLICATION TO REFLECTIVE LCDS (2001)

Abstract A new effective matrix method for the calculation of optical characteristics of Reflective Liquid Crystal Displays (RLCDs) with consideration for multiple reflection is proposed.
Modeling High-Resolution SLO and OCT Retinal Imaging using Backscattering of Light from Elementary Sources (2015)

Photoreceptor imaging is feasible due to refractive-index discontinuities across the retinal layers. These can alter the light distribution at the visual pigments and impact vision. Here, we analyze a light-scattering model for improved retinal analysis.
Statistical classification of cascading failures in power grids (2011)

We introduce a new microscopic model of the outages in transmission power grids. This model accounts for the automatic response of the grid to load fluctuations that take place on the scale of minutes, when the optimum power flow adjustments and load shedding controls are unavailable. We describe extreme events, initiated by load fluctuations, which cause cascading failures of loads, generators and lines. Our model is quasi-static in the causal, discrete time and sequential resolution of individual failures. The model, in its simplest realization based on the Directed Current description of the power flow problem, is tested on three standard IEEE systems consisting of 30, 39 and 118 buses. Our statistical analysis suggests a straightforward classification of cascading and islanding phases in terms of the ratios between average number of removed loads, generators and links. The analysis also demonstrates sensitivity to variations in line capacities. Future research challenges in modeling and control of cascading outages over real-world power networks are discussed.
Multi Coding Rates Nested Recursive Convolutional Doubly-Orthogonal Codes (2021)

This article presents a class of multi-coding rates time-invariant Recursive Convolutional Doubly-Orthogonal codes (RCDO). The Nested-RCDO (N-RCDO) codes are generated from their RCDO mother code which has a Tanner graph with a girth equal to 10 due to the doubly-orthogonal conditions imposed onto the connections positions of the mother recursive convolutional encoder. This implies that the girths of the N-RCDO codes are also equals to 10. Moreover, results are showing that regular (3, d <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ρ</inf> ) N-RCDO codes nearly achieve their asymptotic decoding limits for all the desired coding rates obtained from the regular mother RCDO code. These codes also offer a substantial additional coding gain as compared to the non-recursive multi coding rates CDO codes.
Ionic Liquid as a Suitable Phase for Multistep Parallel Synthesis of an Array of Isoxazolines. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Detection of SO2 Gas Using SnO2 Based Sensor Loaded with Metal Oxide Catalysts (2014)

A novel sensor structure using SnO2 thin film matrix integrated with nano-clusters of metal oxide modifiers were fabricated with the help of rf-diode sputtering for low level (500 ppm) detection of SO2 gas at lower operating temperature of 180 °C. Ultrathin dotted clusters (10 nm thick and 600 μm dia.) of various metal oxide catalysts (PdO, CuO, NiO, MgO, V2O5) were loaded over the SnO2 surface. Due to the difference in work function of the SnO2 layer with respect to the integrated metal oxide catalyst, all prepared sensor structures exhibited high resistance in air. SnO2 film with NiO nano-clusters is found to exhibit a maximum sensing response of ∼56 at a low operating temperature of 180 °C towards 500 ppm of SO2 gas with a fast response time of 80 s. The rough and porous morphology of the SnO2 thin film with the formation of hetero- interface favours the sensing of SO2.
Improving cancer treatment with cyclotron produced radionuclides. Progress report, February 1987--September 1989 (1989)

This report is divided into six sections, each section dealing with a separate aspect of the program. The six sections are entitled (1) In Vivo Measurement of Amino Acid Transport and Protein Synthesis, (2) Angiogenesis in Human Gliomas: Correlations with Blood Flow and Transport of C-11 AIB, (3) Use of F-18 Fluoropyrimidines for Design and Evaluation of Regional and Systemic Chemotherapeutic Strategies in Human Adenocarcinomas of the Gastrointestinal Tract, (4) Enzymatic Synthesis of Metabolites Labeled with N-13 or C-11, (5) Synthesis of Amino Acids Labeled with C-11, and (6) Instrumentation: Cyclotron and Imaging Systems.
Carbon Monoxide Measurements in the Troposphere (1982)

During the second flight of the space shuttle, the measurement of air pollution from satellites (MAPS) experiment in the OSTA-1 payload acquired approximately 35 hours of radiometric measurements of the carbon monoxide mixing ratio in the middle troposphere, upper troposphere, and lower stratosphere. A gas filter radiometer operating in the 4.67-micrometer band was used to acquire the data over the region from 38 degrees N to 38 degrees S during both daytime and nighttime. The performance of the measurement system was excellent. The data reduced to date indicate the presence of significant gradients in the middle tropospheric carbon monoxide mixing ratio with both latitude and longitude over the North Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Middle East. On the basis of comparisons with directly measured values, the accuracy of the measurements is approximately 15 percent. Comparisons of data taken on successive orbits over the same geographic region indicate that the repeatability of the measurements is approximately 5 percent.
Peptide Neurotransmitters (1979)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Efficacy of bowel preparation with the use of a prepackaged, low fibre diet with a low sodium, magnesium citrate cathartic vs. a clear liquid diet with a standard sodium phosphate cathartic (2005)

The NP-LS regimen proved superior to the 2F regimen.
A self-powered insulin patch pump with a superabsorbent polymer as a biodegradable battery substitute (2020)

Biodegradable superabsorbent polymer is used as a battery substitute in a self-powered insulin patch pump. It highlights the possibility of addressing used batteries in medical waste stream and its environmental contamination without compromising on healthcare standards.
Adaptive Sliding Mode Observer-Based Force Feedback Control for Nonlinear Bilateral Teleoperators (2018)

In this paper, a novel adaptive control scheme is proposed for the multiple degree of freedom nonlinear bilateral teleoperation system with communication delays. To estimate the velocity signals of the manipulators and the external forces acting on the system, an improved adaptive dual layer second order sliding mode observer is introduced. To improve the transparency of the system, the new controller with estimated force signals is designed. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved strictly that all signals of the resulting closed-loop bilateral teleoperation system are bounded if the specific linear-matrix-inequality holds. Moreover, the allowable maximal transmission delays can be obtained with the proposed controller. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Aiweixin, a traditional Uyghur medicinal formula, protects against chromium toxicity in caenorhabditis elegans (2015)

These results indicated the AWX protected against the toxicity of Cr(VI) in C. elegans, and the oxidative stress protective mechanism in worms should be involved.
Kinetics of carbon dioxide and methyldiethanolamine with phosphoric acid (1992)

Abstract The Kinetics of the reaction between carbon dioxide and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) were studied in the presence of various amounts of phosphoric acid at 298 K, 308 K, and 318 K. A stirred cell with a known interfacial area was used at atmospheric pressure to measure the volumetric absorption rate of CO 2 flowing through the vessel. The addition of phosphoric acid to an aqueous solution of MDEA resulted in a Bronsted acid‐base neutralization reaction. While virtually all of the acid was consumed by the neutralization reaction, a large part of the MEDA remained in its free form. The absorption of carbon dioxide in these solutions was slower than expected, given the amount of free MDEA present. The rate depression in the presence of hydrogen phosphate anions was attributed to the stabilization of the reaction transition state between MDEA, water, and carbon dioxide through charge dispersal.
Modulation Classification via Subspace Detection in MIMO Systems (2016)

The problem of efficient modulation classification (MC) in multiple-input multiple-output systems is considered. Per-layer likelihood-based MC is proposed by employing subspace decomposition to partially decouple the transmitted streams. When detecting the modulation type of the stream of interest, a dense constellation is assumed on all remaining streams. The proposed classifier outperforms existing MC schemes at a lower complexity cost, and can be efficiently implemented in the context of joint MC and subspace data detection.
A Review on Machine Unlearning (2023)

Recently, an increasing number of laws have governed the useability of users’ privacy. For example, Article 17 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the right to be forgotten, requires machine learning applications to remove a portion of data from a dataset and retrain it if the user makes such a request. Furthermore, from the security perspective, training data for machine learning models, i.e., data that may contain user privacy, should be effectively protected, including appropriate erasure. Therefore, researchers propose various privacy-preserving methods to deal with such issues as machine unlearning. This paper provides an in-depth review of the security and privacy concerns in machine learning models. First, we present how machine learning can use users’ private data in daily life and the role that the GDPR plays in this problem. Then, we introduce the concept of machine unlearning by describing the security threats in machine learning models and how to protect users’ privacy from being violated using machine learning platforms. As the core content of the paper, we introduce and analyze current machine unlearning approaches and several representative results and discuss them in the context of the data lineage. Furthermore, we also discuss the future research challenges in this field.
Surely you are joking, Mr Docking! (2023)

In the wake of recent COVID-19 pandemics scientists around the world rushed to deliver numerous CADD (Computer-Aided Drug Discovery) methods and tools that could be reliably used to discover novel drug candidates against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. With that, there emerged a trend of a significant democratization of CADD that contributed to the rapid development of various COVID-19 drug candidates currently undergoing different stages of validation. On the other hand, this democratization also inadvertently led to the surge rapidly performed molecular docking studies to nominate multiple scores of novel drug candidates supported by computational arguments only. Albeit driven by best intentions, most of such studies also did not follow best practices in the field that require experience and expertise learned through multiple rigorously designed benchmarking studies and rigorous experimental validation. In this Viewpoint we reflect on recent disbalance between small number of rigorous and comprehensive studies and the proliferation of purely computational studies enabled by the ease of docking software availability. We further elaborate on the hyped oversale of CADD methods' ability to rapidly yield viable drug candidates and reiterate the critical importance of rigor and adherence to the best practices of CADD in view of recent emergence of AI and Big Data in the field.
Monitoring power transformer performance, usage and system event impacts — A case study (2017)

This paper investigates the condition of a three phase, 132/30 kV, 50MVA transformer, in a Swedish Utility site. Transformer Explorer, as an online fault detection tool was used for this purpose by installing data acquisition accessories in the substation control room and tapping the signals from the metering and protection cabinets. The fundamental quantities of the transformer, such as turns ratio, impedance and power loss were calculated from the measured voltage and current phasors on either side. The transformer was further found to have generation sources on the 30 kV side. An increased power loss was observed during the period, when the secondary side generation existed. The paper presents a summary of status and operational condition of the transformer based on fundamental quantities and deviations thereof. The findings will be discussed and compared in accordance with the factory acceptance test results. The paper will also demonstrate the usage of Transformer Explorer during different scenarios, namely-normal monitoring, identifying special system conditions modes and post-event analysis and the possible conclusion made from this analysis.
Synthetic aperture active sonar imaging (1992)

The main problems involved in synthetic aperture sonar imaging are medium instability, slow mapping rate, and platform motion. Proposed solutions to these problems are reviewed, and a new technique for synthetic aperture sonar imaging is presented which allows a fast mapping rate and improved motion compensation. This technique involves using multiple receivers to form a complex-valued preliminary image for each pulse. The preliminary images are used to estimate translation and rotation, and then they are registered, phase corrected, and superimposed to form high-resolution synthetic aperture sonar images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Interaction of Sindbis virus glycoproteins during morphogenesis (1977)

In cells infected with the Sindbis temperature-sensitive mutants ts-23 and ts-10 (complementation group D), which contain a defect in the envelope glycoprotein E1, the precursor polypeptide PE2 is not cleaved to the envelope glycoprotein E2 at the nonpermissive temperature. This defect is phenotypically identical to the defect observed in the complementation group E mutant, ts-20. The lesion in ts-23 is reversible upon shift to permissive temperature, whereas that of ts-10 is not. Antiserum against whole virus, E1, or E2 also prevents the cleavage of PE2 in cells infected with wild-type Sindbis virus. Because the cleavage of PE2 is inhibited by the lesion in mutants that are genotypically distinct and by anti-E1 or -E2 serum, it appears that PE2 and E1 exist as a complex in the membrane of the infected cell.
Isolation of novel gut bifidobacteria using a combination of metagenomic and cultivation approaches (2019)

Whole metagenome shotgun (WMGS) sequencing is a method that provides insights into the genomic composition and arrangement of complex microbial consortia. Here, we report how WMGS coupled with a cultivation approach allows the isolation of novel bifidobacteria from animal fecal samples. A combination of in silico analyses based on nucleotide and protein sequences facilitate the identification of genetic material belonging to putative novel species. Consequently, the prediction of metabolic properties by in silico analyses permits the identification of specific substrates that are then employed to isolate these species through a cultivation method.
Online routing of bandwidth guaranteed paths with local restoration using optimized aggregate usage information (2005)

We investigate the problem of distributed online routing of bandwidth guaranteed paths with local restoration. A unified model is proposed that captures the bandwidth sharing characteristic of backup paths that provision local restoration, corresponding to different fault models. We apply the model to describe bandwidth sharing on backup paths for varying degrees of network state information. The extent of backup bandwidth sharing depends on the amount of network state information made available through routing protocols. A key design criterion for traffic engineering schemes is to maximize the sharing between backup paths, while minimizing this protocol overhead. M.S. Kodialam and T.V. Lakshman (see Proc. Infocom, p.376-85, 2001) demonstrated that propagating a constant amount of aggregated information per link leads to cost effective bandwidth sharing. We propose oAIS, a new aggregate information scenario, in which we judiciously select the propagated information, such that the protocol overhead is identical to that of Kodialam and Lakshman. Simulations show that oAIS outperforms other information scenarios with comparable protocol overheads.
Thermal proximity imaging of hard-disk substrates (2000)

We discuss a new measurement technique called thermal proximity sensing (TPS) and its application to the inspection of magnetic hard-disk surfaces. This method uses the magneto-resistive (MR) readback element of a hard-disk file in a novel thermally sensitive mode to actively sense the air-bearing gap spacing while the disk spins under the slider. We present model calculations that describe the origin of the thermal sensitivity and its range of applicability. By collecting height information as a function of position, we have obtained high-resolution images of disk topography with sensitivity in the subnanometer range. Initial results of the technique, obtained on a test stand, showed an exceptional imaging ability for surface features. We have also obtained useful surface structure data from in situ measurements of disk surface defects in an operating hard-disk file.
Vaporization and recondensation dynamics of indocyanine green-loaded perfluoropentane droplets irradiated by a short pulse laser (2016)

Phase-transition droplets have been proposed as promising contrast agents for ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. Short pulse laser activated perfluorocarbon-based droplets, especially when in a medium with a temperature below their boiling point, undergo phase changes of vaporization and recondensation in response to pulsed laser irradiation. Here, we report and discuss the vaporization and recondensation dynamics of perfluoropentane droplets containing indocyanine green in response to a short pulsed laser with optical and acoustic measurements. To investigate the effect of temperature on the vaporization process, an imaging chamber was mounted on a temperature-controlled water reservoir and then the vaporization event was recorded at 5 million frames per second via a high-speed camera. The high-speed movies show that most of the droplets within the laser beam area expanded rapidly as soon as they were exposed to the laser pulse and immediately recondensed within 1–2 μs. The vaporization/recondensation process was consistently reproduced in six consecutive laser pulses to the same area. As the temperature of the media was increased above the boiling point of the perfluoropentane, the droplets were less likely to recondense and remained in a gas phase after the first vaporization. These observations will help to clarify the underlying processes and eventually guide the design of repeatable phase-transition droplets as a photoacoustic imaging contrast agent.
Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Using a Synthetic Cell-Binding Peptide: A Histologic and Transmission Electron Microscopy Case Study in Man (2005)

PepGen P-15 is a combination natural anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix coupled with a synthetic cell-binding peptide (P-15). This material has improved bone formation in periodontal osseous defects and bone regenerative procedures. There were 3 specimens retrieved 18 months after a sinus lifting procedure using PepGen P-15. These specimens were treated to be observed under light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Light microscopy showed that most of the particles were surrounded by newly formed bone. In some areas, osteoid matrix was present. No acute inflammatory infiltrate was present. In transmission electron microscopy, all phases of bone formation (i.e., osteoid matrix, woven bone, and lamellar bone) were observed in the newly formed bone around the biomaterial particles. In some regions, this newly formed bone seemed to present interdigitations connecting to or entering into the particle surface. To our knowledge, this is the first report presenting data on transmission electron microscopy of PepGen P-15 used in a sinus augmentation procedure in man. Our results confirm previous reports on the clinical effectiveness of this material.
Metronomic anti-cancer therapy – an ongoing treatment option for advanced cancer patients (2012)

Introduction The concept of using anti-angiogenic approaches as an anti-cancer treatment strategy was suggested by Judah Folkman in 1971 [1]. Three decades later the first approval of a 'new' anti-angiogenic agent was attained [2], although the debate of how to use bevacizumab optimally in which patients is still ongoing. Several physicians
Theoretical performance of an adaptive frequency-hopping modem at HF (1986)

A digital modem is proposed which uses a frequency-hopping sixth-order frequency diversity signal, and which incorporates the automatic excision of interference from other HF users. The modem has the property of achieving low error rates at low data rates (75 bits/s), in the presence of severe interference from other HF users, frequency-selective fading and noise. The interference is defined by simple empirical parameters, which are used to determine the theoretical performance of the modem in a combination of the above channel disturbances. An example of experimental results is also presented.
Herstellung von funktionalisierten Diaryl‐ und Diheteroaryl‐Lanthanreagenzien mittels eines schnellen Halogen‐Lanthan‐Austausches (2017)

Abstract Ausgehend von Aryl‐ und Heteroarylhalogeniden (X=Br, I) erlaubt nBu 2 LaMe einen schnellen und praktischen Halogen‐Lanthan‐Austausch, welcher zu funktionalisierten Diaryl‐ und Diheteroaryl‐Lanthanderivaten führt. Deren anschließende Abfangreaktionen mit ausgewählten Elektrophilen, wie Ketonen, Aldehyden oder Amiden, gelangen reibungslos bei −50 °C in THF, und polyfunktionalisierte Alkohole und Carbonylderivate wurden erhalten. Kinetische Vergleichsexperimente zeigen einen ähnlichen Reaktivitätsverlauf wie bei einem Br‐Mg‐Austausch, jedoch machen um 10 6 höhere Austauschgeschwindigkeiten ihn eher vergleichbar mit einem Br‐Li‐Austausch.