gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design Criteria And Recent Developments Of Optical Single Particle Counters For Fossil Fuel Systems (1981)

Optical methods for particle size distribution measurements in practical high temperature environments are approaching feasibility and offer significant advantages over conventional sampling methods. The present paper begins by summarizing user requirements for research and on-line particle measurements in fossil fuel systems. The principles of single particle counter (SPC) design are outlined followed by a discussion of practical instrument design constraints. Three instrument design concepts currently being developed at Sandia are then discussed. An overview of these current methods and other instrument designs is presented with particular emphasis on capabilities to meet user ojectives. Validation and long term testing of these new concepts is considered to be the final important step in achieving user acceptance of in situ optical counters.
Suboptimal Ciprofloxacin Dosing as a Potential Cause of Decreased Pseudomonas aeruginosa Susceptibility in Children with Cystic Fibrosis (2010)

These results provide a pharmacologic hypothesis-that the current dosing recommendations of ciprofloxacin for cystic fibrosis children may be suboptimal-to explain the decrease in the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin observed in children with cystic fibrosis. These results need to be confirmed in prospective pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies performed in children with cystic fibrosis in order to determine whether higher doses, with or without therapeutic drug monitoring, or a lower clinical breakpoint could be considered in this population.
Plasma Angiotensin II, Renin Activity and Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Activity in Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy. (2001)

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been unequivocally implicated as a mediator of diabetic complications. The present study was designed to evaluate the RAS in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. Plasma renin activity, plasma angiotensin II and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity were measured in 45 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients and 15 healthy non-diabetic controls. Diabetics were subdivided into 15 normoalbuminuric NIDDM subjects, 15 NIDDM patients with microalbuminuria and 15 diabetics with macroalbuminuria. Mean plasma renin activity for macroalbuminuric diabetics (0.65+/-0.10 ng/ml/hr) was significantly reduced than the controls (1.28+/-0.37 ng/ml/hr) (P<0.001), the diabetic group with microalbuminuria (1.08+/-0.48 ng/ml/hr) (P<0.05) and normoalbuminuric patients (1.56+/-0.82 ng/ml/hr) (P<0.001). A significant negative correlation was obtained between serum creatinine and plasma renin activity (r=-0.842, p<0.001) in macroalbuminuric NIDDM patients. Plasma angiotensin II was significantly decreased in non-complicated diabetics compared to healthy controls (4.36+/-1.49 pg/ml vs 14.87+/-3.48 pg/ml respectively, p<0.001). Non-insulin dependent diabetic patients with nephropathy had significantly higher plasma angiotensin II levels (28.99+/-5.88 pg/ml) than non-complicated diabetics (p<0.001). Serum ACE activity was increased in 53.3% of NIDDM patients. All diabetic groups showed increased serum ACE activity (normoalbuminuric NIDDM 114.9+/-28.3 nmol/min/ml, microalbuminuric NIDDM 127.9+/-31.2 nmol/min/ml and macroalbuminuric NIDDM 127.0+/-29.3 nmol/min/ml) when compared to the normal control group (76.3+/-16.5 nmol/min/ml) (p<0.001). No significant difference in serum ACE activity was obtained between normoalbuminuric and nephropathic diabetics or between diabetics with and without retinopathy. No significant correlation was obtained between serum ACE activity and blood pressure, blood glucose level and duration of diabetes. Thus plasma renin activity is decreased in diabetic nephropathy and negatively correlates with serum creatinine. Plasma angiotensin II is decreased in normoalbuminuric diabetics and elevated in diabetic nephropathy. Serum ACE activity is raised in NIDDM patients with no relation to albumin excretion rate. The role of increased ACE activity in NIDDM remains to be established.
A retrospective review of lesions associated with the use of Freund's adjuvant. (1989)

A retrospective evaluation was made of lesions observed after the use of Freund's adjuvant formulations in rabbits and monkeys. Inflammation was consistently present at the sites of inoculation. Complications frequently included focal necrosis and ulceration of the skin. Other lesions included fistulous tracts, self-induced trauma, muscle atrophy, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and embolic pneumonia. Lesions were most severe with formulations containing larger quantities of mycobacteria or with larger volumes of adjuvant injected per site.
Upward spirals of the heart: Autonomic flexibility, as indexed by vagal tone, reciprocally and prospectively predicts positive emotions and social connectedness (2020)

Vagal tone (VT), an index of autonomic flexibility, is linked to social and psychological well-being. We posit that the association between VT and well-being reflects an “upward spiral” in which autonomic flexibility, represented by VT, facilitates capitalizing on social and emotional opportunities and the resulting opportunistic gains, in turn, lead to higher VT. Community-dwelling adults were asked to monitor and report their positive emotions and the degree to which they felt socially connected each day for 9 weeks. VT was measured at the beginning and end of the 9-week period. Adults who possessed higher initial levels of VT increased in connectedness and positive emotions more rapidly than others. Furthermore, increases in connectedness and positive emotions predicted increases in VT, independent of initial VT level. This evidence is consistent with an “upward spiral” relationship of reciprocal causality, in which VT and psychosocial well-being reciprocally and prospectively predict one another.
TRANSPLANTATION OF STORED ALLOGENEIC BONE MARROW IN DOGS SELECTED BY HISTOCOMPATIBILITY TYPING (1969)

SUMMARY Allogeneic canine marrow preserved at —80 C in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide was used for transplantation in unrelated dogs following 1200 R whole body irradiation. Lymphocytes of donors and recipients were typed with four canine cytotoxic isoantisera. The results in 10 recipients that were matched with their donors were compared to the results in 10 mismatched recipients. A successful marrow graft was observed in all 10 matched recipients and in 9 of 10 mismatched recipients. Graft rejection occurred in 2 of 10 matched and 7 of 10 mismatched recipients. The matched recipients survived significantly longer than did the mismatched ones (P < 0.005). Two of the matched dogs are alive more than 135 and 160 days after transplantation. The cryopreservation of the marrow did not appear to lessen its ability to produce lethal graft-versus-host disease. The results d emonstrate the importance of histocompatibility matching in successful grafting with cryopreserved marrow
A single chip dependable and adaptable payload Data Processing Unit (2015)

The current state-of-the-art space-grade reconfigurable SRAM FPGAs provide unprecedented levels of integration and performance and advanced features previously available only to commercial developers such as dynamic partial reconfiguration. On-board payload data processing based on an adaptable SRAM FPGA based hardware platform offers unique advantages over both one-time programmable anti-fuse FPGAs and ASICs, enabling an adaptable instrument with significant savings in mass, power, cost, resources and flexibility. In this paper, for the first time, we integrate the instrument system supervisor processor along with dedicated, adaptable and high-performance on-board data processing functions in a single-chip, dependable and adaptable payload Data Processing Unit (DPU), based on the space-grade Xilinx Virtex-5QV FPGA. The introduced single-chip DPU supports self-configuration management without the requirement of an external configurator/scrubber. Furthermore, a system-level SEE mitigation strategy is proposed that employs EDAC, TMR and internal scrubbing to guarantee total immunity under extremely harsh radiation environments. The functionality of the proposed single-chip DPU is validated using a hardware demonstrator platform that hosts the commercial equivalent (XC5VFX130T) of the space-grade Xilinx Virtex-5QV FPGA.
The Complete Chloroplast Genome of a Variety of <i>Lagenaria siceraria var. microcarpa</i> (Naud.) Hara (2021)

Small gourd ( Lagenaria siceraria &nbsp;var .&nbsp; microcarpa &nbsp;(Naud.) Hara), a cultivar of&nbsp; Lagenaria &nbsp;family, is an important medicinal and ornamental plants. However, there are few studies on its chloroplast (cp) genome. In this study, we characterized its complete chloroplast (cp) genome with high throughput sequencing. The circular cp genome is determined to be 157, 121 bp in length, with a long sing-copy and a small sing-copy separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions. A total of 132 genes were annotated, including 86 protein-coding genes,&nbsp;37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 1 pseudo gene. The overall GC content of cp genome was 37.09%. The maximum likelihood tree suggested that&nbsp;small&nbsp;gourd&nbsp;was closely related to&nbsp; Lagenaria siceraria. &nbsp;These results provided an understanding of small gourd cp genome and might be useful for future genetic studies.
A numerical study of the use of magnetometers to detect hidden flaws in conducting objects (1996)

Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometers can be used to detect flaws in conducting objects by measuring the magnetic fields produced by flaw-induced perturbations in an otherwise uniform applied electric current. We examine the electric-potential and magnetic-field distributions from prolate spheroidal flaws in a homogeneous conducting plate. Beginning with Laplace’s equation in prolate spherical coordinates, we derive analytical expressions for the potential distribution outside of prolate spheroidal flaws exposed to either a uniform axial or transverse applied current. The influence of the flaw over the uniform field is practically negligible for radial distances three times that of the boundary surface of the flaw. Because the magnetic field due to the perturbation of the uniform currents by the flaw arises from the discontinuity of the component of the current tangential to the surface of the flaw, the magnetic field can be evaluated numerically using the analytical expressions for the current at the flaw surface. In the far field, B falls off as the inverse square of the distance from the flaw, consistent with the flaw acting as a current dipole. The dipole strength is determined by flaw volume and orientation, and the dependence of signal strength upon the direction of the current can be used to infer the shape of the flaw.
CO 2 -laser induced long-period fiber gratings in nano-engineered bend insensitive single-mode fiber (2011)

Long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) written in nano-engineered bend insensitive single-mode fiber (NEBI-SMF) were reported. It is found that, only when the pitches of the gratings are in two wavelength ranges (270-305 &mu;m and 420-480 &mu;m), obvious resonance peaks can be obtained within the band of 1200-1650 nm, due to the cladding mode separation caused by the nano-engineered ring in the fiber cladding. The strain sensitivity of the LPFG with a pitch of 295 &mu;m in the range of 270-305 &mu;m is 2.8 pm/&mu;&epsilon;, while the LPFG with a pitch of 470 &mu;m in the range of 420-480 &mu;m is insensitive to strain. The temperature sensitivities of the two LPFGs are 0.145 nm/<sup>o</sup>C and 0.098 nm/<sup>o</sup>C, respectively. Due to the special structure of the NEBI-SMF, more interesting phenomenon could be explored by carrying out further theoretical and experimental study of these novel LPFGs, such as the bending and twisting characteristics, etc.
Improvement of fuel economy in Power-Shift Automated Manual Transmission through shift strategy optimization - an experimental study (2010)

In this paper, an optimal gear shifting control strategy based on Dynamic Programming (DP) for a vehicle equipped with a Power-Shift Automated Manual Transmission (PS-AMT) is proposed in order to explore the potential fuel savings. Simulation results on the city part of the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC), called ECE cycle, reveal that the relative fuel economy improvement can be reached up to 15.4% by applying DP shifting strategy compared to the case of applying a prescribed gear shift schedule. A forward facing dynamic power train model and control system are designed and developed for the prototype PS-AMT vehicle in order to validate the system modeling and shifting algorithm implementation. The test results of the prototype vehicle on the roller bench show that 11.2% improvement of fuel economy is achieved. It can be concluded that significant potential fuel savings can be obtained by optimal gear shift control and the proposed design method is consistent.
Androgen regulation of multidrug resistance‐associated protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) in prostate cancer (2008)

Elevated MRP4/ABCC4 expression is found in malignant compared to benign prostate tissue while lower MRP4/ABCC4 expression is seen after AA. Furthermore, MRP4/ABCC4 is upregulated by androgen and downregulated by anti-androgen treatment in vitro potentially through an indirect mode of action. These data strongly suggest that MRP4/ABCC4 is an androgen-regulated gene important in the progression to PC and may be a potential drug target.
BDB001, an intravenously administered toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) agonist, in combination with pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumors: Phase 1 safety and efficacy results. (2021)

2512 Background: BDB001 is an intravenously administered TLR 7/8 dual agonist immune modulator capable of reprogramming dendritic cells to produce antitumor activities. BDB001 monotherapy has demonstrated favorable tolerability and robust systemic immune activation leading to durable clinical responses in a phase I dose escalation trial. Here, we report on the safety and efficacy of BDB001 in combination with pembrolizumab in a phase I dose escalation trial in advanced solid tumors (NCT03486301). Methods: BDB001-101 is a phase 1, open label, dose escalation/expansion trial of BDB001 (IV, Q1W) in combination with pembrolizumab (IV, Q3W) in patients with advanced solid tumors. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints included efficacy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic profiling of immune activation. Results: Twenty-three subjects with 13 different tumor types were enrolled across 4 dose levels. Sixty one percent were female, median age was 63 years (range, 33-86), median number of prior therapies was 3 (range, 1-8), and 48% of tumors had progressed on prior anti-PD-(L)1 therapy. Overall, BDB001 in combination with pembrolizumab was well tolerated and dose-limiting toxicities were not observed. The most common treatment related adverse events (TRAEs) were fever (39.1%), fatigue (39.1%), chills/rigor (34.8%), pruritus/rash (21.7%), and nausea (13.0%). Most of these TRAEs were grade 1 or 2 and transient. Only 3 (13.0%) subjects experienced grade 3 TRAEs of fatigue, rash, stomatitis, and alkaline phosphatase elevation. There were no grade 4 or 5 TRAEs. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of plasma cytokine levels showed robust increases in interferon gamma and interferon inducible protein-10 (IP-10) at BDB001 Dose Level 3 and 4. Preliminary efficacy evaluation of the 14 subjects treated at Dose Level 3 and 4 showed durable and deep clinical responses in 4 (29%) subjects with anti-PD-(L)1 mAb refractory melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and platinum-resistant ovarian carcinoma. The responses were observed by the initial efficacy assessment at 9-weeks, with some seen as early as 4-weeks. In addition, 4 (29%) subjects had stable disease for a disease control rate of 57%. To date, median time on treatment is 14.4 weeks (range, 6.0 – 42.1+) with 3 subjects still active on treatment. Conclusions: Intravenously administered BDB001 in combination with pembrolizumab is well tolerated. Rapid and deep clinical responses were observed, supported by robust systemic immune activation. BDB001 in combination with pembrolizumab is a promising novel therapeutic option for patients with advanced solid tumors and is being evaluated in an ongoing dose expansion trial. Clinical trial information: NCT03486301.
ATM Security Using Fingerprint Biometric Identifer: An Investigative Study (2012)

The growth in electronic transactions has resulted in a greater demand for fast and accurate user identification and authentication. Access codes for buildings, banks accounts and computer systems often use personal identification numbers (PIN's) for identification and security clearances. Conventional method of identification based on possession of ID cards or exclusive knowledge like a social security number or a password are not all together reliable. An embedded fingerprint biometric authentication scheme for automated teller machine (ATM) banking systems is proposed in this paper. In this scheme, a fingerprint biometric technique is fused with the ATM for person authentication to ameliorate the security level.
Purification and characterization of a thermostable glucoamylase produced by Aspergillus flavus HBF34. (2010)

Glucoamylase (GA) from Aspergillus flavus HBF34 strain was partially purified 120 folds using starch affinity chromatography. Two isoenzymes (GA1 and GA2) were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) zymography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE analysis revealed that one of the enzymes consist of one subunit and the other, two subunits. The optimum pH of the purified GA was 6.0 and the optimum temperature was 60°C. GA was found to be stable at temperatures up to 50°C and at a pH range between 3.0 and 9.0. Km and Vmax values of the enzymes were determined using soluble potato starch, glycogen, amylopectin and amylose as substrates and calculated to be 0.046, 0.075, 0.1 and 0.125 mg/ml and 769, 1250, 3333 and 2500 U/mg protein, respectively. While GA was activated by Mn2+, Ca2+, Co2+ and Ba2+, it was inhibited by Hg2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Zn2+ and Cu2+. The activity of GA was found to be tolerant up to 5 M NaCl concentration. N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride (PMSF) inhibited the enzyme, suggesting the involvement of tryptophan and serine residues in the catalytic process. Raw corn starch adsorption of GA was found to be 93%. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) results showed that amylase was in fact a glucoamylase.

	 

	Key words: Aspergillus flavus, glucoamylase, characterization.
Bias Dependence of Total Ionizing Dose Effects in SiGe-MOS FinFETs<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX"/> </formula> (2014)

The total ionizing dose (TID) response of double-gate SiGe- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${{\rm SiO}_2}/{{\rm HfO}_2} \ p$</tex></formula> MOS FinFET devices is investigated under different device bias conditions. Negative bias irradiation leads to the worst-case degradation due to increased hole trapping in the <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${{\rm HfO}_2}$</tex></formula> layer, in contrast to what is typically observed for devices with <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${{\rm SiO}_2}$</tex></formula> or <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${{\rm HfO}_2}$</tex></formula> gate dielectrics. This occurs in the devices because radiation-induced holes that are generated in the <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${{\rm SiO}_2}$</tex></formula> interfacial layer can transport and become trapped in the <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${{\rm HfO}_2}$</tex></formula> under negative bias, leading to a more negative threshold voltage shift than observed at 0 V bias. Similarly, radiation-induced electrons that are generated in the <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${{\rm SiO}_2}$</tex></formula> interfacial layer can transport into the <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${{\rm HfO}_2}$</tex></formula> and become trapped under positive bias, leading to a more positive threshold voltage shift than observed at 0 V bias.
Leucine Is the Most Stabilizing Aliphatic Amino Acid in the d Position of a Dimeric Leucine Zipper Coiled Coil (1997)

The energetic contribution of seven amino acids in the d position of a dimeric leucine zipper coiled coil structure was measured by determining the thermal stability. The d position contains the conserved leucines found in the leucine zipper. We used a natural bZIP protein as our host-guest system that remains dimeric when a single d position is mutated. We have determined the thermal stability, monitored by circular dichroism, of 14 proteins which indicate that alanine is 4.6 kcal mol-1 per residue less stabilizing than leucine. The similarly sized amino acid isoleucine is 2.9 kcal mol-1 per residue less stabilizing than leucine, suggesting that leucine is well-packed. Model building indicates that the beta-branched amino acids isoleucine and valine in the d position produced interhelical clashes between the Cgamma2 methyl groups when placed in the favored rotamer conformation. The stabilization by leucine in different d positions is context-dependent; it varies by over 2 kcal mol-1 in the two positions examined. The order of stabilization is L, M, I, V, C, A, and S. Cysteine in the d position can form a disulfide bond which stabilizes the coiled coil.
Negative feedback regulation of the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway (2016)

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway regulates many cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. To reliably convert external stimuli into specific cellular responses and to adapt to environmental circumstances, the pathway must be integrated into the overall signalling activity of the cell. Multiple mechanisms have evolved to perform this role. In this review, we will focus on negative feedback mechanisms and examine how they shape ERK1/2 MAPK signalling. We will first discuss the extensive number of negative feedback loops targeting the different components of the ERK1/2 MAPK cascade, specifically the direct posttranslational modification of pathway components by downstream protein kinases and the induction of de novo gene synthesis of specific pathway inhibitors. We will then evaluate how negative feedback modulates the spatiotemporal signalling dynamics of the ERK1/2 pathway regarding signalling amplitude and duration as well as subcellular localisation. Aberrant ERK1/2 activation results in deregulated proliferation and malignant transformation in model systems and is commonly observed in human tumours. Inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway thus represents an attractive target for the treatment of malignant tumours with increased ERK1/2 activity. We will, therefore, discuss the effect of ERK1/2 MAPK feedback regulation on cancer treatment and how it contributes to reduced clinical efficacy of therapeutic agents and the development of drug resistance.