gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of Korean Red Ginseng against sub-acute immobilization stress-induced testicular damage in experimental rats (2017)

KRG protected immobilization stress-induced testicular damage and fertility factors in rats, thereby indicating its potential in the treatment of stress-related male sterility.
Soft Information for LDPC Decoding in Flash: Mutual-Information Optimized Quantization (2011)

High-capacity NAND flash memory can achieve high density storage by using multi-level cells (MLC) to store more than one bit per cell. Although this larger storage capacity is certainly beneficial, the increased density also increases the raw bit error rate (BER), making powerful error correction coding necessary. Traditional flash memories employ simple algebraic codes, such as BCH codes, that can correct a fixed, specified number of errors. This paper investigates the application of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes which are well known for their ability to approach capacity in the AWGN channel. We obtain soft information for the LDPC decoder by performing multiple cell reads with distinct word-line voltages. The values of the word-line voltages (also called reference voltages) are optimized by maximizing the mutual information between the input and output of the multiple-read channel. Our results show that using this soft information in the LDPC decoder provides a significant benefit and enables us to outperform BCH codes over a range of block error rates.
Hospital Stay and Mortality Are Increased in Patients Having a “Triple Low” of Low Blood Pressure, Low Bispectral Index, and Low Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Volatile Anesthesia (2012)

The occurrence of low MAP during low MAC fraction was a strong and highly significant predictor for mortality. When these occurrences were combined with low BIS, mortality risk was even greater. The values defining the triple low state were well within the range that many anesthesiologists tolerate routinely.
On the Trade-off between Power Consumption and Time Synchronization Quality for Moving Targets under Large-Scale Fading Effects in Wireless Sensor Networks (2013)

In this work we find a lower bound on the energy required for synchronizing moving sensor nodes in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) affected by large-scale fading, based on clock estimation techniques. The energy required for synchronizing a WSN within a desired estimation error level is specified by both the transmit power and the required number of messages. In this paper we extend our previous work introducing nodes’ movement and the average message delay in the total energy, including a comprehensive analysis on how the distance between nodes impacts on the energy and synchronization quality trade-off under large-scale fading effects.
HIV and HIV-Tat inhibit LPS-induced IL-27 production in human macrophages by distinct intracellular signaling pathways (2017)

Monocyte-derived Mϕs (MDMs) from HIV-infected patients and MDM infected in vitro with HIV exhibit a reduced ability to secrete various cytokines, including IL-12. Recently, IL-27, an IL-12 family cytokine, was shown to inhibit HIV replication in Mϕ. Whether HIV infection or HIV accessory protein(s) impact IL-27 production in Mϕs remains unknown. Herein, we show that in vitro HIV infection, as well as intracellular HIV-Tat (Tat) and Tat peptides, inhibit LPS-induced IL-27 production in human MDMs, suggesting impairment of the TLR4 signaling pathway. To understand the signaling pathways governing HIV or Tat-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced IL-27 production, we first demonstrated that p38 MAPK, PI3K, Src-homology region 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1), and Src kinases regulate LPS-induced IL-27 production in MDMs. Tat caused down-regulation of TNFR-associated factor (TRAF)-6 and inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP-1) and subsequently decreased phosphorylation of downstream PI3K and p38 MAPKs, which were implicated in LPS-induced IL-27 production. Whereas SHP-1 and Src kinases regulated LPS-induced IL-27 production, Tat did not inhibit these kinases, suggesting that they were not involved in Tat-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced IL-27 production. In contrast to Tat, in vitro HIV infection of MDM inhibited LPS-induced IL-27 production via inhibition of p38 MAPK activation. Overall, HIV and Tat inhibit LPS-induced IL-27 production in human macrophages via distinct mechanisms: Tat through the inhibition of cIAP-1-TRAF-6 and subsequent inhibition of PI3K and p38 MAPKs, whereas HIV through the inhibition of p38 MAPK activation.
Popularization and personalization: a historical and cultural analysis of 50 years of Dutch political television journalism (2012)

Politicians, journalists and scholars in the Netherlands and abroad regularly express their concern about the negative influence of television journalism on the quality of public debate and political trust. The concern usually focuses on an alleged popularization of political journalism and personalization of politics. This dissertation shows that their concern is unjustified. Five systematic and longitudinal studies of political television journalism in the Netherlands show that there is no reason to worry about the scope and quality of public debate. Popularization and personalization, to the extent they occur, have not impoverished Dutch political television journalism.
Ligation and quaternary structure induced changes in the heme pocket of hemoglobin: a transient resonance Raman study (1982)

The extent to which ligation and quaternary structure modify the heme-heme pocket configuration is determined by generating and analyzing transient resonance Raman spectra from various photolyzed and partially photolyzed hemoglobins (Hb). From small frequently shifts in Raman band I (approximately 1355 cm-1) it is determined that ligation induces a configurational change about the heme. The extent to which ligation modifies the heme pocket is influenced by the quaternary structure. With respect to the structural parameter responsible for variations in the pi orbital electron density of the porphyrin, the degree of alteration of the heme pocket configuration relative to deoxy-Hb(T) follows the sequence: liganded Hb(R) greater than liganded Hb(R) + IHP greater than liganded Hb(T) [alpha chain greater than beta chain] greater than deoxy-Hb(R). This progression of configurations also forms a sequence with respect to the "retentiveness" of the heme pocket as reflected in the ligand dynamics associated with geminate recombination. The results indicate that the heme-heme pocket of the R-state Hb's, relative to those of the T-state species, favors ligand retention in a dynamic, as well as thermodynamic, sense. The analysis of these and other related data implicates a ligation and quaternary structure modulated electronic and/or electrostatic interaction between the pi system of the porphyrin and the surrounding heme pocket as the basis for this variation in ligand dynamics as well as for the energetics of cooperativity.
Nanobiotechnology meets plant cell biology: carbon nanotubes as organelle targeting nanocarriers (2012)

For years, nanotechnology has shown great promise in the fields of biomedical and biotechnological sciences and medical research. In this review, we demonstrate its versatility and applicability in plant cell biology studies. Specifically, we discuss the ability of functionalized carbon nanotubes to penetrate the plant cell wall, target specific organelles, probe protein-carrier activity and induce organelle recycling in plant cells. We also, shed light on prospective applications of carbon nanomaterials in cell biology and plant cell transformation.
Pd-Catalyzed Dearomative Three-Component Reaction of Bromoarenes with Diazo Compounds and Allylborates (2019)

A catalytic dearomative three-component reaction of bromoarenes with TMS-diazomethane and allyl borate was developed. The key of this assembling reaction is the use of a diazo compound to generate a Pd-π-benzyl intermediate through a Pd-carbene species. This method allowed for a dearomative functionalization, using arenes as limiting reagents. Heteroaryl bromides were also applicable to give dearomatized structures under the reaction conditions.
Visualization of Time Series Data Change on Fertility Rate and Education in Indonesia Provinces (2019)

A new visualization method of time series data change, a statistical shape analysis method, is presented. The shape analysis method was originally developed for image analyses in biology. However the analysis power can also be used in economics and socio-science, and the visualization is effective to understand the changes. The statistical shape analysis method has a feature to extract separately an Affine transformation part and a non-Affine one. The Affine transformation shows the total trend of all the data and the non-Affine one shows a local movement of one landmark which is specific to the landmark. To see the both, we can visually understand changes among the time series data. In this paper, we will present the visualization using Indonesia data on fertility rate and education status between the year 2007 and 2012.
A recombinant hybrid anaphylatoxin with dual C3a/C5a activity (1992)

By site-directed mutagenesis of a human complement factor C5a cDNA clone, we have designed a hybrid anaphylatoxin in which three amino acid residues in the C-terminal sequence of human C5a were exchanged to create the native C-terminal human C3a (hC3a) sequence Leu-Gly-Leu-Ala-Arg. This hybrid anaphylatoxin rC5a-(1-69)-LGLAR exhibited true C3a and C5a activity when tested in the guinea pig ileum contraction assay. Quantitative measurements of ATP release from guinea pig platelets revealed about 1% intrinsic C3a activity for this hybrid, while the C5a activity was essentially unchanged. Competitive binding assays confirmed that the rC5a-(1-69)-LGLAR mutant was able to displace radioiodinated rhC5a with a KI of approx. 40 nM and hC3a with a KI of approx. 3.7 microM from guinea pig platelets. Since the C-termini of both human C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins are known to interact with their respective receptors, we conclude that the same peptidic sequence, LGLAR, is able to bind to and activate two different receptors, the C3a receptor as well as the C5a receptor. This clone provides a novel tool for the identification of further receptor-binding residues in both anaphylatoxins, since any mutants may be tested for altered C3a and C5a activity simultaneously.
A Uniprocessor Scheduling Policy for Non-Preemptive Task Sets with Precedence and Temporal Constraints (2012)

We present an idling, dynamic priority scheduling policy for non-preemptive task sets with precedence, wait constraints, and deadline constraints.The policy operates on a well-formed task model where tasks are related through a hierarchical temporal constraint structure found in many real-world applications.In general, the problem of sequencing according to both upperbound and lowerbound temporal constraints requires an idling scheduling policy and is known to be NP-complete.However, we show through empirical evaluation that, for a given task set, our polynomial-time scheduling policy is able to sequence the tasks such that the overall duration required to execute the task set, the makespan, is within a few percent of the theoretical, lowerbound makespan.
Imaging cell biology in live animals: Ready for prime time (2013)

Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy is one of the main tools used to image subcellular structures in living cells. Yet for decades it has been applied primarily to in vitro model systems. Thanks to the most recent advancements in intravital microscopy, this approach has finally been extended to live rodents. This represents a major breakthrough that will provide unprecedented new opportunities to study mammalian cell biology in vivo and has already provided new insight in the fields of neurobiology, immunology, and cancer biology.
The stability of phlogopite + enstatite at high pressures; a model for micas in the interior of the Earth (1972)

Lamproites and other potassium-rich igneous rocks: a review of their occurrence, mineralogy and geochemistry
A soluble tau fragment generated by caspase-2 is associated with dementia in Lewy body disease (2019)

Lewy body diseases are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by Lewy bodies in the brain. Lewy body dementia (LBD) refers to two forms of Lewy body disease: Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Tau is a cytoskeletal protein found in neurofibrillary tangles, but not Lewy bodies. The gene encoding tau, MAPT, is a well-established genetic risk factor for LBD; odds ratios of the H1:H2 MAPT haplotypes have been reported in the range of 2 to 4. Despite this genetic association, the mechanism by which tau contributes to dementia is unclear. Recently, a soluble form of tau, Δtau314, which is generated when caspase-2 (Casp2) cleaves tau at Asp314, was reported to be associated with impaired cognition in mice modeling frontotemporal dementia, and with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in humans. To investigate whether Δtau314 is associated with dementia in Lewy body disease, we compared Δtau314 levels in aqueous extracts from the superior temporal gyrus of pathologically confirmed LBD (n = 21) and non-dementia Parkinson's disease (PD) (n = 12). We excluded subjects with AD or microvascular pathology, which could mask potential associations of Δtau314 with LBD.Using a Δtau314-specific ELISA, we found ~ 2-fold higher levels of Δtau314 in LBD relative to PD (p = 0.009). Additionally, we found ~40% lower levels of soluble total tau and the neuronal marker β-III-tubulin in LBD. These results suggest that in LBD, there is substantial neuron loss or axonal degeneration in the neocortex but disproportionately high levels of Δtau314 in the surviving neurons.Our results indicate an association between Δtau314 and dementia in Lewy body disease. Cleavage of tau by Casp2 promotes the mislocalization of tau to dendritic spines leading to a reduction in postsynaptic AMPA receptors and excitatory neurotransmission, which suggests a mechanism of the synaptic dysfunction underlying cognitive impairment in LBD. These findings support the potential of Casp2 as a novel drug target for treating LBD.
Recent Advances in Electrochemical-Based Sensing Platforms for Aflatoxins Detection (2016)

Mycotoxin are small (MW ~700 Da), toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungal species that readily colonize crops and contaminate them at both pre- and post-harvesting. Among all, aflatoxins (AFs) are mycotoxins of major significance due to their presence in common food commodities and the potential threat to human health worldwide. Based on the severity of illness and increased incidences of AFs poisoning, a broad range of conventional and analytical detection techniques that could be useful and practical have already been reported. However, due to the variety of structural analogous of these toxins, it is impossible to use one common technique for their analysis. Numerous recent research efforts have been directed to explore alternative detection technologies. Recently, immunosensors and aptasensors have gained promising potential in the area of sample preparation and detection systems. These sensors offer the advantages of disposability, portability, miniaturization, and on-site analysis. In a typical design of an aptasensor, an aptamer (ssDNA or RNA) is used as a bio-recognition element either integrated within or in intimate association with the transducer surface. This review paper is focused on the recent advances in electrochemical immuno- and aptasensing platforms for detection of AFs in real samples.
[Regulative effects and significance of substance P on the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor of granulation tissue fibroblasts in vitro]. (2003)

SP can induce the expressions of bFGF mRNA and bFGF protein of granulation tissue fibroblasts in vitro, which may possess an important significance in wound healing.
Molecular characterization of Oryza sativa 16.9 kDa heat shock protein (1999)

A rice class I low-molecular-mass heat shock protein (LMM HSP) Oshsp 16.9 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Oligomerized complexes of Oshsp16.9 were harvested and electron microscopic observations of purified complexes revealed globular structures of 10-20 nm in diameter (with majority of 15-18 nm) and calculated to comprise approx. 12 monomers per complex. In comparison, complexes from native rice class I LMM HSPs were observed as larger ellipsoid- or globular-like random aggregated hetero-oligomers. To characterize the biochemical functions of the hydrophobic N-terminal region of Oshsp16.9, a truncation in the N-terminal region was constructed and introduced into E. coli. Results showed that the N-terminal truncated Oshsp16.9 mutant was capable of forming complexes similar to the full-length Oshsp16.9; however, the deletion protein failed to confer in vitro protein thermostability under elevated temperatures. Protein assays from in vivo treatments at higher temperatures exhibited that non-specific interactions of E. coli cellular proteins only occurred with full-length Oshsp16.9 complexes but not with the mutant complex. In vitro immunoprecipitation of cellular proteins from E. coli overexpressing full-length Oshsp16.9 showed that interactions between plant LMM HSP and E. coli cellular proteins are temperature-dependent. Taken together, the hydrophobic N-terminal region of rice class I LMM HSP is critical in the ability of the protein to interact/bind with its potential substrates.
The affinity for sweet substances and cigarette smoking in chronic alcoholism. (2003)

The purpose of the present study was to examine the possible relationship between the consumption of alcohol and the smoking of cigarettes and the intake of sweet tasting substances in a group of in-patient chronic alcoholics residing in the Israeli governmental treatment center. Patients were interviewed regarding their alcohol intake, cigarette use and consumption of sweetened substances prior to entry to the center. No relationship between alcohol consumption and intake of sweetened substances or between alcohol intake and cigarette smoking was observed for the total sample. However, high alcohol consumption did have a significant correlation with cigarette smoking but not with the consumption of sweets. In contrast, low alcohol consumption had a significant relationship with consumption of sweets but not with cigarette smoking. In addition, a sub-group with an apparent family history of alcoholism had a significant correlation between alcohol intake and smoking but not sweets consumption. The data argue against a common central substrate mediating all three consummatory behaviors. The phenomena examined in the present study seem to be behavioral and motivational in nature rather than reflecting the effects of a direct biological mechanism.
IEEE ICDM 2010 Contest: TomTom Traffic Prediction for Intelligent GPS Navigation (2010)

In this foreword, we summarize the IEEE ICDM 2010 Contest: “TomTom Traffic Prediction for Intelligent GPS Navigation”. The challenge was held between Jun 22, 2010 and Sep 7, 2010 as an interactive on-line competition, using the TunedIT platform (http://tunedit.org). We present the scope of the ICDM contest series in general, the scope of this year's contest, description of its tasks, statistics about participation, details about the TunedIT platform and the Traffic Simulation Framework. A detailed description of winning solutions is part of this proceeding series.
Crosslinked Poloxamers as a Versatile Monolithic Drug Delivery System (1986)

There is growing interest in the development of homogeneous monolithic drug release systems for various routes of administration. One very attractive type of such dosage forms is based on hydrophilic water-swellable polymers which generally exhibit high biocompatibility. On contact with an aqueous liquid (dissolution medium or gastrointestinal fluid) the polymer swells. Liquid penetrates into the system and drug is released by counter-current diffusion. Depending on the physical characteristics of the polymer, different thermodynamic transitions such as glass-to-rubber transition of the amorphous zones or melting out of crystallites may occur during liquid penetration. These thermodynamic reactions might be responsible for the drug release kinetics not showing square-root-of-time dependance1–5.
PMMA CAUSES PROLONGED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION DURING VERTEBROPLASTY IN SHEEP (2005)

Introduction Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been widely used in orthopaedic procedures for fixation of joint replacements or enhancing the fixation of implants. However, the use of PMMA has been associated with cardiovascular deterioration and even death. More recently, PMMA has also been used for augmenting osteoporotic vertebral bodies which have fractured or are at risk of fracture. The main complication is PMMA leakage into adjacent structures. Transient hypotension and fatal fat embolism (FE) have also been reported. The pathomechanism of cardiovascular deterioration after the injection of PMMA (i.e. FE) remains a highly controversial subject. The exact role of PMMA in the development of FE remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the acute effects of injecting PMMA compared with bone wax into vertebral bodies on the cardiovascular system using an established animal model for vertebroplasty (VP) (Aebli, N, et al. Spine. 2002). Methods In 8 skeletally mature mixed-bred ewes (2–4 years) 6.0ml PMMA (CMW3-Depuy) or bone wax (Bone Wax, Ethicon) were injected unilaterally, through an open approach into the L1 & L2 pedicles. Blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output were measured. Results The major difference between the cardiovascular response of the PMMA and that of the bone wax group was the recovery in Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP) and Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR). Three minutes post-injection, PAP had fully recovered to baseline values in the wax group. However in the PMMA group, PAP had only recovered by 52% after 3 min and fully recovered after 10 min. Discussion The augmentation of vertebral bodies resulted in transient cardiovascular changes regardless of the material used. However, the recovery of PAP and PVR values took significantly longer with the PMMA group. The peak response was a result of pulmonary vasoconstriction triggered by a reflex reaction to the embolisation of bone marrow particles or by vasoactive cytokines. The peak response was therefore mainly associated with the increase in intraosseous pressure during the augmentation causing release of bone marrow contents into the and not the cement monomer. The cement monomer however plays a role in the cardiovascular complications during FE. The delayed recovery of PAP and PVR in the PMMA group may be due to a vasoconstriction effect of the cement monomer on the pulmonary vascular system. Potentially serious cardiovascular complications may occur during VP regardless of the material used. The injection of PMMA may cause prolonged pulmonary hypertension during vertebro- and also arthroplasty. Continuous invasive cardiovascular monitoring may be required in patients with impaired cardiovascular and pulmonary function
Assessment of the Protective Effect of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Preventing Meningitis After Cochlear Implantation (2007)

Our animal model clearly demonstrates that immunization can protect healthy rats with a cochlear implant from meningitis caused by a vaccine-covered serotype. This finding supports the notion that all current and future implant recipients should be vaccinated against S pneumoniae.
Tagged Up/Down Sorter--A Hardware Priority Queue (1995)

We present a hardware oriented priority queue algorithm requiring [equation: see PDF] comparators and swappers to maintain an n item queue. It supports two operations, insert and extract minimum (or alternatively, extract maximum), both of which operate in a single cycle. Thus, sorting time is O(n). Records with identical keys are always extracted in FIFO order of insertion. A formal proof of correctness of these sorting and FIFO characteristics is presented.