gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spaceborne GNSS-R from the SMAP mission: First assessment of polarimetric scatterometry (2017)

NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission has been tuned to perform a Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) experiment. The motivation of this study is to assess the capabilities of GNSS-R for soil moisture determination, biomass monitoring and cryosphere studies. The use for first time of the Polarimetric Ratio (PR) from a spaceborne platform shows significant sensitivity to soil moisture. Additionally, the investigation for first time of the leading and trailing edges width sensitivity to Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and rough topography shows promising results. Better understanding of these effects in the reflected waveforms will improve the development of retrieval algorithms.
An approximate polynomial matrix eigenvalue decomposition algorithm for para-Hermitian matrices (2011)

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for computing an approximate polynomial matrix eigenvalue decomposition (PEVD). The PEVD of a para-Hermitian matrix yields a factorisation into a polynomial matrix product consisting of a spectrally majorised diagonal matrix that is preand post- multiplied by paraunitary (PU) matrices. All current PEVD algorithms, such as the second order sequential best rotation (SBR2) algorithm, perform a factorisation whereby diagonalisation and spectral majorisation are only achieved in approximation. The purpose of this paper is to present a new iterative approach which constitutes a "Householder-like" version of SBR2 and is akin to Tkacenko's approximate EVD (AEVD); however, unlike the AEVD, the proposed method carries out the diagonalisation successively by applying arbitrary-degree, finite impulse response PU matrices. We show an application of our algorithm to the design of signal-adapted PU filter banks for subband coding. Simulation results for the proposed approach show very close agreement with the behaviour of the infinite order principal component filter banks and demonstrate its superiority compared to state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of strong decor- relation and spectral majorisation.
The Role of Adaptive Martensite in Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys (2012)

Abstract Magnetic shape memory materials require a high twin boundary mobility and low hysteresis for applications mainly as actuators, sensors, and magnetocaloric cooling elements. Usually, outstanding properties are found only in samples with a modulated martensitic structure. Here, we analyze the question why a modulated structure is beneficial and show evidence that the modulated martensite is not an equilibrium phase but a nanoscale microstructure of non‐modulated (NM) martensite. In this review, we combine results from continuum and atomistic theory, as well as local and integral measurements on the model system Ni–Mn–Ga. Following the concept of adaptive martensite the modulated phase forms to minimize elastic energy near the phase boundary by introducing low‐energy twin boundaries between lamellae of the NM martensite that have widths of a few unit cells.
Exact minimum and maximum of yield with a finite number of decoy light intensities (2008)

In this paper, for the decoy state method using a finite number of decoy light intensities, we present improved upper and lower bounds for the asymptotic yield ${y}_{n}$ for $n$-photon states. In particular if all the light intensities are less than or equal to 1, they are not only a lower or upper bound, but in fact are the exact minimum or maximum.
Highly Efficient Real-Time Streaming and Fully On-Device Speaker Diarization with Multi-Stage Clustering (2022)

While recent research advances in speaker diarization mostly focus on improving the quality of diarization results, there is also an increasing interest in improving the efficiency of diarization systems. In this paper, we demonstrate that a multi-stage clustering strategy that uses different clustering algorithms for input of different lengths can address multi-faceted challenges of on-device speaker diarization applications. Specifically, a fallback clusterer is used to handle short-form inputs; a main clusterer is used to handle medium-length inputs; and a pre-clusterer is used to compress long-form inputs before they are processed by the main clusterer. Both the main clusterer and the pre-clusterer can be configured with an upper bound of the computational complexity to adapt to devices with different resource constraints. This multi-stage clustering strategy is critical for streaming on-device speaker diarization systems, where the budgets of CPU, memory and battery are tight.
Parametric Performance Analysis of an Electrostatic Wire-Cylinder Aerosol Separator in Laminar Flow Using a Numerical Modeling Approach (2010)

Abstract A numerical methodology based on the Lagrangian approach is outlined to study the performance of a select class of electrostatic aerosol separators. This modeling method is used to perform a parametric study on the efficiency of a wire-cylinder separator in separation of water aerosols from air. The geometry consists of an 80 µm diameter wire placed in the centerline of a 20 mm diameter cylinder. The work focuses on the effect of applied voltage (in the range of 4 to 8 kV), flow velocity (in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 m/s), flow temperature (in the range of 280 K to 320 K), and separator length (in the range of 0.05 to 0.15 m) on charging of water aerosols and on separator collection efficiency in laminar flow. The aerosols size ranges between 0.01–10 µm. The results of the study show that applied voltage, flow rate, and separator length affect the separation efficiency significantly, while the effect of flow temperature seems negligible. Keywords: diffusion chargingelectrohydrodynamicselectrostatic precipitatorfield chargingnumerical modelingRayleigh limitseparationwater aerosol
Antibodies of IgA and IgG class in normal human urine. (1967)

Urine collected and concentrated from three individuals after tetanus toxoid immunization has been studied for antibody activity. Gel-filtration on Sephadex G-200 was used to fractionate the urine concentrates and antibody activity in the eluates was assessed by a passive haemagglutination test. Haemagglutinating activity was demonstrated by inhibition experiments in the IgG and IgA classes of immunoglobulin but not in the IgM or IgD classes. In no case could antibody activity be ascribed to molecules smaller than intact IgG.
Blutplättchen und Hirudin (1991)

Zusammenfassung In biochemisch-pharmakologischen Untersuchungen haben sich native und rekombinante Hirudine als hochwirksame spezifische Inhibitoren der durch Thrombin ausgelösten Plättchenaggregation und Freisetzungsreaktion erwiesen. Im Gegensatz zum Heparin hat Hirudin keinen direkten Effekt auf die Plättchen. Hirudin ist ein besonders geeignetes Antikoagulans für Untersuchungen von Plättchenfunktionen bei physiologischen Kalziumionenkonzentrationen. Im mit Zitrat antikoagulierten Blut bzw. Plasma ist dagegen der Kalziumionengehalt vermindert, wodurch bestimmte Plättchenreaktionen wie die Thromboxanbildung begünstigt werden.
Reactions de heck, hydrophenylations et carboarylations asymetriques syntheses de phospholanes chiraux (1996)

Cette these developpe divers aspects de la synthese asymetrique concernant la formation de liaison c-c catalysee par des complexes chiraux de palladium, la synthese de phospholanes et de cycloheptylidenes chiraux. Dans un premier chapitre nous presentons trois aspects de la reaction de heck asymetrique. Le premier decrit la formation de cyclohexylidenes chiraux ou l'etape enantioselective provient de l'etape de -h elimination. Le second traite de l'hydrophenylation asymetrique du 1,4-dihydro-1,4-epoxynaphtalene ou nous avons pu observer l'influence du contre anion sur l'enantioselectivite et la distribution (processus de dedoublement cinetique) des produits formes. Le dernier concerne des reactions de carboarylation asymetrique d'olefines bicycliques tendues. L'influence de la nature du ligand et de la temperature sur la chimioselectivite de la reaction a ete mise en evidence notamment lors de la condensation du 2-iodophenol sur le norbornene sous pression atmospherique de monoxyde de carbone. Le deuxieme chapitre est consacre a la synthese et au dedoublement de phosphines monodentees (1,2,5-triphenylphospholanes) avec le developpement d'une sequence de protection/deprotection a partir de phospholane borane permettant la liberation de la monophosphine in situ. Le troisieme chapitre presente la preparation de dibenzocycloheptylidenes presentant une chiralite conformationnelle et la mise au point d'une methode empirique basee sur la chromatographie liquide chirale dynamique permettant de calculer la barriere d'energie, relative a l'interconversion des enantiomeres conformationnels, en fonction de la taille du groupe r en position 5. La synthese et le dedoublement cinetique de tribenzocycloheptylidenes, optiquement stables, sont egalement abordes
The Use of the Bimodal Production Decline Curve for the Analysis of Hydraulically Fractured Shale/Tight Gas Reservoirs (2018)

The capability to conduct a rapid, near real-time model-based analysis of production data from tight/shale (TS) gas fields is important in determining fracture and matrix properties.Model-based analysis of production can range from simple analytical solutions to complex numerical models.The objective of this study is to develop a simple, Excel-based tool for the analysis of the complex problem of gas production from a fractured TS gas reservoir that is based on a robust model that is faithful to the underlying physics and can provide rapid estimates of the important system parameters.The scientifically robust model used as the basis for this tool is a significant modification and expansion of the bimodal production decline curve of Silin and Kneafsey (2012).The production period is divided into two regimes: an early-time regime before the extent of the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) is felt, where an analytical similarity solution for gas production rate is obtained, and a late-time regime where the rate can be approximated with an exponential decline or more accurately represented with a numerical integration.Our basic model follows Silin and Kneafsey (2012) and produces the widely observed -½ slope on a log-log plot of earlytime production decline curves, while our expanded model generalizes this slope to -n, where 0 < n < 1, to represent non-ideal flow geometries.The expanded model was programmed into an Excel spreadsheet to develop an interactive, user-friendly application for curve matching of well production data to the bimodal curve, from which matrix and fracture properties can be extracted.This tool allows significant insight into the model parameters that control the reservoir behavior and production: the geometry of the hydraulicallyinduced fracture network, its flow and transport properties, and the optimal operational parameters.This information enables informed choices about future operations, and is valuable in several different ways: (a) to estimate
An artificial neural network-based model to predict chronic kidney disease in aged cats (2020)

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently causes death in older cats; its early detection is challenging. Objectives To build a sensitive and specific model for early prediction of CKD in cats using artificial neural network (ANN) techniques applied to routine health screening data. Animals Data from 218 healthy cats ≥7 years of age screened at the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) were used for model building. Performance was tested using data from 3546 cats in the Banfield Pet Hospital records and an additional 60 RCV cats—all initially without a CKD diagnosis. Methods Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling used a multilayer feed-forward neural network incorporating a back-propagation algorithm. Clinical variables from single cat visits were selected using factorial discriminant analysis. Independent submodels were built for different prediction time frames. Two decision threshold strategies were investigated. Results Input variables retained were plasma creatinine and blood urea concentrations, and urine specific gravity. For prediction of CKD within 12 months, the model had accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 88%, 87%, 70%, 53%, and 92%, respectively. An alternative decision threshold increased specificity and PPV to 98% and 87%, but decreased sensitivity and NPV to 42% and 79%, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance A model was generated that identified cats in the general population ≥7 years of age that are at risk of developing CKD within 12 months. These individuals can be recommended for further investigation and monitoring more frequently than annually. Predictions were based on single visits using common clinical variables.
Customised medical implant production by means of single point incremental forming (2005)

status: Published
Effects of the Spaces Available for Cations in Strongly Acidic Cation-Exchange Resins on the Exchange Equilibria by Quaternary Ammonium Ions and on the Hydration States of Metal Ions (2011)

The spaces (voids) available for cations in the five exchange resins with varying exchange capacities and cross-linking degrees were estimated, on the basis of the additivity of molar volumes of the constituents. Tetraalkylammonium ions (NR(4)(+); R: Me, Et, Pr) may completely exchange potassium ion on the resin having a larger void radius. In contrast, the ratio of saturated adsorption capacity to exchange capacity of the resin having a smaller void radius decreased with an increase in size of NR(4)(+) ions, due to the interionic contacts. Alkali metal ions could be exchanged quantitatively. While the hydration numbers of K(+), Rb(+), and Cs(+) were independent of the void radius, those of Li(+) and Na(+), especially Na(+), decreased with a decrease in void radius. Interionic contacts between the hydrated ions enhance the dehydration. Multivalent metal ions have the hydration numbers, comparable to or rather greater than those in water. A greater void volume available due to exchange stoichiometry released the interionic contacts and occasionally promoted the involvement of water molecules other than directly bound molecules. The close proximity between ions in the conventional ion-exchange resins having higher exchange capacities may induce varying interactions.
Reduction of the Off-Flavor Volatile Generated by the Yogurt Starter Culture Including Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricusin Soymilk (2014)

Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus establish a symbiotic relationship in milk; however, S. thermophilus predominantly grows in soymilk. This study determined that excess diacetyl was notably generated mainly by S. thermophilus in soymilk, and this flavor compound created an unpleasant odor in fermented soymilk. The addition of l-valine to soymilk reduced the amount of diacetyl and increased the levels of acetoin during fermentation by S. thermophilus . In addition, it was found that the expression of the ilvC gene was repressed and that of the als and aldB genes was stimulated in S. thermophilus by l-valine. Sensory evaluations with the triangle difference test and a preference test showed that the soymilk fermented with l-valine was significantly preferred compared with that without l-valine. In this study, we successfully controlled the metabolic flux of S. thermophilus in soymilk and produced more favorable fermented soymilk without the use of genetically modified lactic acid bacteria strains.
Data for Effect of HCl cleaning on InSb–Al2O3 MOS capacitors (2019)

In this work, the role of HCl treatments on InSb surfaces and InSb–Al2O3 dielectric interfaces is characterised. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that HCl diluted in and rinsed with isopropanol (IPA) results in a surface layer of InCl3 which is not present for similar HCl-water processes. Furthermore, this InCl3 layer desorbs from the surface between 200 °C and 250 °C. Metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors were fabricated using atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 at 200 °C and 250 °C and the presence of InCl3 was associated with a +0.79 V flatband voltage shift. The desorption of the InCl3 layer at 250 °C reversed this shift but the increased process temperature resulted in increased interface-trapped charge (D it) and hysteresis voltage (V H ). This shift in flatband voltage, which does not affect other figures of merit, offers a promising route to manipulate the threshold voltage of MOS transistors, allowing enhancement-mode and depletion-mode devices to be fabricated in parallel.
Low‐Temperature Transformation of Methane to Methanol on Pd1O4 Single Sites Anchored on the Internal Surface of Microporous Silicate (2016)

Direct conversion of methane to chemical feedstocks such as methanol under mild conditions is a challenging but ideal solution for utilization of methane. Pd<sub>1</sub> O<sub>4</sub> single-sites anchored on the internal surface of micropores of a microporous silicate exhibit high selectivity and activity in transforming CH<sub>4</sub> to CH<sub>3</sub> OH at 50-95 °C in aqueous phase through partial oxidation of CH<sub>4</sub> with H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> . The selectivity for methanol production remains at 86.4 %, while the activity for methanol production at 95 °C is about 2.78 molecules per Pd<sub>1</sub> O<sub>4</sub> site per second when 2.0 wt % CuO is used as a co-catalyst with the Pd<sub>1</sub> O<sub>4</sub> @ZSM-5. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that the reaction toward methanol production is highly favorable compared to formation of a byproduct, methyl peroxide.
Overview of Current Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Glioma (2015)

In the last decade, numerous studies of immunotherapy for malignant glioma (glioblastoma multiforme) have brought new knowledge and new hope for improving the prognosis of this incurable disease. Some clinical trials have reached Phase III, following positive outcomes in Phase I and II, with respect to safety and immunological end points. Results are encouraging especially when considering the promise of sustained efficacy by inducing antitumor immunological memory. Progress in understanding the mechanisms of tumor-induced immune suppression led to the development of drugs targeting immunosuppressive checkpoints, which are used in active clinical trials for glioblastoma multiforme. Insights related to the heterogeneity of the disease bring new challenges for the management of glioma and underscore a likely cause of therapeutic failure. An emerging therapeutic strategy is represented by a combinatorial, personalized approach, including the standard of care: surgery, radiation, chemotherapy with added active immunotherapy and multiagent targeting of immunosuppressive checkpoints.
NeuroLINCS Proteomics: Defining human-derived iPSC proteomes and protein signatures of pluripotency (2023)

The National Institute of Health (NIH) Library of integrated network-based cellular signatures (LINCS) program is premised on the generation of a publicly available data resource of cell-based biochemical responses or "signatures" to genetic or environmental perturbations. NeuroLINCS uses human inducible pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), derived from patients and healthy controls, and differentiated into motor neuron cell cultures. This multi-laboratory effort strives to establish i) robust multi-omic workflows for hiPSC and differentiated neuronal cultures, ii) public annotated data sets and iii) relevant and targetable biological pathways of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we focus on the proteomics and the quality of the developed workflow of hiPSC lines from 6 individuals, though epigenomics and transcriptomics data are also publicly available. Known and commonly used markers representing 73 proteins were reproducibly quantified with consistent expression levels across all hiPSC lines. Data quality assessments, data levels and metadata of all 6 genetically diverse human iPSCs analysed by DIA-MS are parsable and available as a high-quality resource to the public.
Improved quartz crystal microbalance technique (1984)

The importance of using the most pertinent mathematical description of the mass load versus frequency relation for quartz crystal thin-film thickness monitors is reviewed. The different usable crystal load ranges of the so-called frequency- and period-measurement techniques in comparison with the Z-Match technique are calculated for most of the commonly used deposition materials. A new thin-film thickness monitoring procedure is described, which takes the influence of the acoustic film properties on the mass load versus frequency slope into consideration without need for the explicit knowledge of the acoustic impedance ratio z of the deposited film and the quartz crystal. It is shown how the effective z value in the composite resonator built by the quartz crystal and the deposited foreign layer can be derived from a measurement of a quasiharmonic overtone resonance frequency in addition to the commonly practiced exclusive measurement of the fundamental resonance frequency. The presently established relation between the mass load or the deposited film thickness and the corresponding resonance frequency of the loaded crystal is enhanced by a more rigorous one-dimensional composite resonator description. The introduced so-called series resonance relation is of significance for the accurate determination of the specific acoustic impedance ratio z of the deposited film and the crystal. Furthermore, the deviations of the frequency spectra of plano-convex shaped crystals from that of the one-dimensional (infinite plate) geometry are investigated and taken into account. The achieved accuracy in the z determination from the first and third quasiharmonic frequencies justifies the applicability of the two-frequency or auto slope accommodation technique introduced in this paper.
Recent Developments in the Genetic Engineering of Barley (1994)

Cereals are the most important group of plants for human nutrition and animal feed. Partially due to the commercial value of crop plants, there has been an ever-increasing interest in using modern biotechnological methods for the improvement of the characteristics of cereals during the past decade. The rapid progress in molecular biology, plant cell culture techniques, and gene transfer technology has resulted in successful transformations of all the major cereals—maize, rice, wheat, and barley. This brings the biotechnological methods closer to the routine also in barley breeding. In this article, the current status of barley genetic engineering, including the patent situation, is reviewed. The needs, aims, and possible applications of genetic engineering in barley breeding are discussed.
GTO Device Model for SPICE Usable for Evaluating the Effect on Drive Circuit (2002)

This paper proposes a new GTO model for drive circuit design. The proposed model is easy to use for GTO consumers, because the model parameters are easily obtained from the manufacturer's data-sheet and some simple measurements. In this paper, the authors demonstrated the model by comparison of simulation and experimental result. These results show good performance of the model for designing drive circuit.