gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A newPseudomonasvaccine: Preliminary trial on human volunteers (1976)

Fifteen healthy volunteers were given three weekly subcutaneous injections of a new polyvalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine (PEV-01). Four doses - 1-0 RHD (manufacturer's recommended human dose), 0-75 RHD, 0-5 RHD and 0-1 RHD - were used in separate groups of volunteers. Blood samples taken before each of the injections and one taken 7 days after the last injection were examined for immune response to the vaccine and for possible adverse clinical, biochemical and haematological effects. Raised titres of antibody in serum of volunteers given 0-5-1-0 RHD vaccine were shown, often by the seventh day, in passive haemagglutination tests against all of the 16 serotypes of Ps. aeruginosa represented in the vaccine; serum from volunteers who received 0-1 RHD usually showed a reduced antibody titre. Tests of mouse protection by serum against intraperitoneal challenge with Ps. aeruginosa P14 showed increased titres of mouse protective antibody in the blood of volunteers given 1-0, 0-75 or 0-5 RHD of vaccine but a reduced mouse-protective titre in two out of three sera from volunteers given 0-1 RHD vaccine. There was a suggestion of enhanced phagocytic ingestion and intracellular killing of two strains of Ps. aeruginosa by the blood of vaccinated volunteers, and more definite enhancement of ingestion of inert latex particles, which were less well ingested than were the bacterial cells by phagocytes from unvaccinated volunteers. Apart from slight or moderate local reactions and a transient rise of temperature in some volunteers, there were no clinical, biochemical or haematological abnormalities in the vaccinated volunteers.
Are we missing the diagnosis of disseminated melioidosis? An unusual presentation of melioidosis with prostatic abscess (2018)

Melioidosis, an emerging infectious disease in India is well known for its protean clinical manifestations. Definitive diagnosis can be made by isolation of non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli from clinical specimens and identification of the isolate at the species level. We report a case of disseminated melioidosis with lymphadenitis and prostatic abscess. Burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from bone marrow, pus aspirate, blood and urine, and the patient responded well to the treatment.
Specific Targeting of Plant and Apicomplexa Parasite Tubulin through Differential Screening Using In Silico and Assay-Based Approaches (2018)

Dinitroanilines are chemical compounds with high selectivity for plant cell α-tubulin in which they promote microtubule depolymerization. They target α-tubulin regions that have diverged over evolution and show no effect on non-photosynthetic eukaryotes. Hence, they have been used as herbicides over decades. Interestingly, dinitroanilines proved active on microtubules of eukaryotes deriving from photosynthetic ancestors such as <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> and <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, which are responsible for toxoplasmosis and malaria, respectively. By combining differential in silico screening of virtual chemical libraries on <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and mammal tubulin structural models together with cell-based screening of chemical libraries, we have identified dinitroaniline related and non-related compounds. They inhibit plant, but not mammalian tubulin assembly in vitro, and accordingly arrest <i>A. thaliana</i> development. In addition, these compounds exhibit a moderate cytotoxic activity towards <i>T. gondii</i> and <i>P. falciparum</i>. These results highlight the potential of novel herbicidal scaffolds in the design of urgently needed anti-parasitic drugs.
Dermal and transdermal delivery of protein pharmaceuticals: lipid-based delivery systems for interferon alpha. (1999)

The dermal and transdermal delivery of protein pharmaceuticals faces enormous challenges, and at the same time has very significant potential for the non-invasive treatment of both localized and systemic diseases. In this article we review the various approaches used to enhance and control the delivery of protein therapeutic agents through the dermal barrier. We show results of the delivery of interferon (IFN) alpha, an antiviral agent used in the treatment of condylomata acuminata (genital warts), using lipid-based delivery systems (LBDS). In the general category of LBDS, we investigated the use of liposomes and fatty acylation as ways to increase IFNalpha delivery into human skin.
Tropane alkaloids as medicinally useful natural products and their synthetic derivatives as new drugs. (2009)

Secondary metabolites of Solanaceae plants, sharing tropane skeleton as a common structural feature, are sharply divided into two classes: tropine and ecgonine derivatives. The first group, represented by well known alkaloids: atropine and scopolamine, which are considered to be model anticholinergic drugs, continues to provide inspiration in the search for more selective muscarinic receptor antagonists. The second class accommodates one of the principal drugs of abuse, cocaine. Synthesis of much needed cocaine antagonists, despite extensive research, has not been particularly successful. Therefore, new concepts of cocaine abuse treatment resort to immunotherapy and biotechnology. Contemporary pharmaceutical industry manufactures over 20 active pharmaceutical substances containing tropane moiety in their structure, which are applied as mydriatics, antiemetics, antispasmodics, anesthetics and bronchodilators. There are two sources of raw materials for this industrial activity: natural products isolated from cultivated transgenic plants (mainly scopolamine and atropine from Australian Duboisia) and chemical synthesis based on common intermediate: tropinone, which can be further transformed by synthetic means to the following classes of compounds: tropine and its esters (tropeines), scopine and nortropine derivatives, and tropane quaternary ammonium salts. This survey focuses on new developments in chemistry and pharmacology of tropane derivatives, particularly in view of their prospective industrial applications as therapeutics.
ChemInform Abstract: Baeyer—Villiger Oxidation over HZSM‐5 Type Zeolites. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Ordering Electrochemistry: A Review on Growth and Functionality of TiO2 Nanotubes and Other Self‐Aligned MOx Structures (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Post‐ovulatory aging of oocytes disrupts kinase signaling pathways and lysosome biogenesis (2014)

Post-ovulatory aging of oocytes results in the progressive loss of fertilization and developmental competence. This degradation of oocyte quality has been the object of numerous investigations, primarily focused on individual signaling pathways which provide limited insight into the status of global signaling events. The purpose of the present investigation was to comprehensively assess broad patterns of signaling pathway activity during in vitro aging as an initial step in defining control points that can be targeted to prevent the reduction in oocyte quality during prolonged culture. An antibody microarray-based phospho-proteome analysis performed on oocytes before and after eight hours of culture revealed significant changes in the abundance or activation state of 43 proteins that function in a wide variety of protein kinase-mediated signaling pathways. Several of the most significantly affected kinases were studied by Western blot and confocal immunofluorescence to corroborate the array results. Prolonged culture resulted in global changes in the abundance and activity of protein kinases that regulate the response to calcium, stress, and cell-cycle control. Examination of intracellular structures revealed a previously unrecognized increase in the abundance of large autophogagic lysosomes, which correlates with changes in protein kinase pathways. These results provide insight into the stresses experienced by oocytes during culture and the diversity of responses that results from them. The observed increase in autophagy-related activity, together with the disruptions in calcium signaling, cell-cycle, and stress-response pathways, have the potential to negatively impact oocyte quality by interfering with the normal sequence of biochemical changes that constitute egg activation following fertilization.
The Effect of Rotor Tip Clearance Size Onto the Separated Flow Through a Super-Aggressive S-Shaped Intermediate Turbine Duct Downstream of a Transonic Turbine Stage (2009)

The demand of further increased bypass ratio of aero engines will lead to low pressure turbines with larger diameters, which rotate at lower speed. Therefore, it is necessary to guide the flow leaving the high pressure turbine to the low pressure turbine at a larger diameter without any loss generating separation or flow disturbances. Due to costs and weight this intermediate turbine duct (ITD) has to be as short as possible. This leads to an aggressive (high diffusion) and further to a super-aggressive s-shaped duct geometry. In order to investigate the influence of the blade tip gap size on such a high diffusion duct flow a detailed test arrangement under engine representative conditions is necessary. Therefore, the continuously operating Transonic Test Turbine Facility (TTTF) at Graz University of Technology has been adapted: An super-aggressive intermediate duct is arranged downstream of a transonic HP-turbine stage providing an exit Mach number of about 0.6 and a swirl angle of −15 degrees. A second LP-vane row is located at the end of the duct and represents the counter rotating low pressure turbine at a larger diameter. A following deswirler and a diffuser are the connection to the exhaust casing of the facility. In order to determine the influence of the blade tip gap size on the flow through such a super-aggressive s-shaped turbine duct measurements were conducted with two different tip gap sizes, 1.5% span (0.8 mm) and 2.4% span (1.3 mm). The aerodynamic design of the HP-turbine stage, ITD, LP-vane and the de-swirler was done by MTU Aero engines. In 2007 at ASME Turbo Expo the influence of the rotor clearance size onto the flow through an aggressive ITD was presented. For the present investigation this aggressive duct has been further shortened by 20% (super-aggressive ITD) that the flow at the outer duct wall is fully separated. This paper shows the influence of the rotor tip clearance size onto this separation. The flow through this intermediate turbine duct was investigated by means of five-hole-probes, static pressure taps, boundary layer rakes and oil flow visualisation. The oil flow visualisation showed the existence of vortical structures within the separation where they seem to be imposed by the upstream HP-vanes. This work is part of the EU-project AIDA (Aggressive Intermediate Duct Aerodynamics, Contract: AST3-CT-2003-502836).
Interaction of SAP-1, a Transmembrane-type Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase, with the Tyrosine Kinase Lck (2003)

SAP-1 is a transmembrane-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase that is expressed in most tissues but whose physiological functions remain unknown. The cytoplasmic region of SAP-1 has now been shown to bind directly the tyrosine kinase Lck. Overexpression of wild-type SAP-1, but not that of a catalytically inactive mutant of SAP-1, inhibited both the basal and the T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-stimulated activity of Lck in human Jurkat T cell lines. Lck served as a direct substrate for dephosphorylation by SAP-1 in vitro. Overexpression of wild-type SAP-1 in Jurkat cells also: (i) inhibited both the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and the increase in cell surface expression of CD69 induced by TCR stimulation; (ii) reduced the extent of the TCR-induced increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of ZAP-70 or that of LAT; (iii) reduced both the basal level of tyrosine phosphorylation of p62dok, as well as the increase in the phosphorylation of this protein induced by CD2 stimulation; and (iv) inhibited cell migration. These results thus suggest that the direct interaction of SAP-1 with Lck results in inhibition of the kinase activity of the latter and a consequent negative regulation of T cell function.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphofurylalanine, a Stable Analogue of Phosphohistidine. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
OABIS (2007)

In recent years, business-rule management has become an important component of enterprise information systems. Business rules are guidelines for how an enterprise should conduct its business and provide better service to customers. Business rules are being widely deployed in supply chains to support real-time decision-making. The research reported in this chapter is aimed at designing a dynamically adaptable data-sourcing service for deploying business rules effectively in supply-chain management. Such a data sourcing service is important since execution of business rules requires data to be retrieved from various data sources spread across the enterprise, including the enterprise data warehouse. We propose an ontology-based approach to implement the data-sourcing service for business rules. Our approach captures semantics of business rules and provides an agent-enabled mechanism that dynamically maps business rules to individual database schemas in the supply chain.
A routing fabric for monolithically stacked 3D-FPGA (2007)

A previous study on the benefits of monolithically stacked 3D-FPGA has estimated a 3.2x improvement in logic density, a 1.7x improvement in delay, and a 1.7x improvement in dynamic power consumption over a baseline 2D-FPGA with no change in architecture. This paper describes a new routing fabric and shows that a 3D-FPGA using this fabric can achieve a 3.3x improvement in logic density, a 2.35x improvement in delay, and a 2.82x improvement in dynamic power consumption over the same baseline 2D-FPGA. The additional improvements in delay and power consumption are achieved by reducing net loading in several ways: (i) Only Single and Double interconnect segments are used. This reduces the total interconnect length used to implement each net. (ii) The routing fabric is hierarchical. Each logic block's inputs and outputs connect first to local segments. These segments can be then programmably connected to local segments in neighboring routing blocks via programmable buffers and/or to interconnect segments in routing channels via muxes with buffered outputs. (iii) Interconnect segments can be directly connected to form longer segments using programmable buffers without going through routing blocks. (iv) The routing block provides switching capability beyond that of a conventional switch box. A 3D-FPGA using this new routing fabric can be realized by stacking two configuration memory layers and a switch layer on top of a standard CMOS layer with a total of 12 metal layers interspersed between them. A CAD flow based on VPR with appropriate modifications to the routing graph generation and routing algorithm is developed and used in the performance analysis.
Wideband spherically focused PVDF acoustic sources for calibration of ultrasound hydrophone probes (2000)

Several broadband sources have been developed for the purpose of calibrating hydrophones. The specific configuration described is intended for the calibration of hydrophones In a frequency range of 1 to 40 MHz. All devices used 25 /spl mu/m film of PVDF bonded to a matched backing. Two had radii of curvatures (ROC) of 25.4 and 127 mm with f numbers of 3.8 and 19, respectively. Their active element diameter was 0.28 in (6.60 mm). The active diameter of the third source used was 25 mm, and it had an ROC of 254 mm and an f number of 10. The use of a focused element minimized frequency-dependent diffraction effects, resulting in a smooth variation of acoustic pressure at the focus from 1 to 40 MHz. Also, using a focused PVDF source permitted calibrations above 20 MHz without resorting to harmonic generation via nonlinear propagation.
Inverse Aeroacoustic Design of Axial Fans Using Genetic Optimization and the Lattice-Boltzmann Method (2013)

The noise emitted by axial fans plays an integral role in product design. When conventional design procedures are applied, the aeroacoustic properties are controlled via an extensive trial-and-error process. This involves building physical prototypes and performing acoustic measurements. In general, this procedure makes it difficult for a designer to gain an understanding of the functional relationship between the noise and geometrical parameters of the fan. Hence, it is difficult for a human designer to control the aeroacoustic properties of the fan. To reduce the complexity of this process, we propose an inverse design methodology driven by a genetic algorithm. It aims to find the fan geometry for a set of given objectives. These include, most notably, the sound pressure frequency spectrum, aerodynamic efficiency, and pressure head. Individual bands of the sound pressure frequency spectrum may be controlled implicitly as a function of certain geometric parameters of the fan. In keeping with inverse design theory, we represent the design of axial fans as a multi-objective multiparameter optimization problem. The individual geometric components of the fan (e.g., rotor blades, winglets, guide vanes, shroud, and diffusor) are represented by free-form surfaces. In particular, each blade of the fan is individually parameterized. Hence, the resulting fan is composed of geometrically different blades. This approach is useful when studying noise reduction. For the analysis of the flow field and associated objectives, we utilize a standard Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver. However, for the evaluation of the generated noise, a meshless lattice-Boltzmann solver is employed. The method is demonstrated for a small axial fan, for which tonal noise is reduced.
Hyperimposed convolutional codes (2002)

New error control codes using superimposed convolutional codes and suboptimal multistage decoding algorithms are proposed. The coding gains of these codes are shown by simulation to be much higher than those of conventional convolutional codes with comparable decoding complexity. The performances of these codes are in fact comparable to turbo codes with soft-output Viterbi decoding but the complexity required is lower.
An observational user study for group recommender systems in the tourism domain (2018)

In this article we argue and give evidence that the research on group recommender systems must look more carefully at the dynamics of group decision-making in order to produce technologies that will be truly beneficial for groups. We illustrate the adopted research method and the results of a user study aimed at observing and measuring the evolution of user preferences and interaction in a tourism decision-making task: finding a destination to visit together as a group. We discuss the benefits and caveats of such an observational study method and we present the implications that the derived data and findings have on the design of interactive group recommender systems.
Additional file 10: Figure S5. of Next-generation sequencing diagnostics of bacteremia in septic patients (2016)

Bioanalyzer profiles of cfDNA isolated from septic patients, non-infected (post-)surgery controls, and healthy volunteers. a Gel-like visualization of the cfDNA profiles run on the Agilent Bioanalyzer with a High Sensitivity DNA chip. b Corresponding electropherograms, where the two outermost peaks are internal size standards. (PDF 661 kb)
Local Activity Determines Functional Connectivity in the Resting Human Brain: A Simultaneous FDG-PET/fMRI Study (2014)

Over the last decade, synchronized resting-state fluctuations of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals between remote brain areas [so-called BOLD resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC)] have gained enormous relevance in systems and clinical neuroscience. However, the neural underpinnings of rs-FC are still incompletely understood. Using simultaneous positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging we here directly investigated the relationship between rs-FC and local neuronal activity in humans. Computational models suggest a mechanistic link between the dynamics of local neuronal activity and the functional coupling among distributed brain regions. Therefore, we hypothesized that the local activity (LA) of a region at rest determines its rs-FC. To test this hypothesis, we simultaneously measured both LA (glucose metabolism) and rs-FC (via synchronized BOLD fluctuations) during conditions of eyes closed or eyes open. During eyes open, LA increased in the visual system, and the salience network (i.e., cingulate and insular cortices) and the pattern of elevated LA coincided almost exactly with the spatial pattern of increased rs-FC. Specifically, the voxelwise regional profile of LA in these areas strongly correlated with the regional pattern of rs-FC among the same regions (e.g., LA in primary visual cortex accounts for ∼ 50%, and LA in anterior cingulate accounts for ∼ 20% of rs-FC with the visual system). These data provide the first direct evidence in humans that local neuronal activity determines BOLD FC at rest. Beyond its relevance for the neuronal basis of coherent BOLD signal fluctuations, our procedure may translate into clinical research particularly to investigate potentially aberrant links between local dynamics and remote functional coupling in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders.
Immunohistochemical Staining of Cyclooxygenases with Monoclonal Antibodies (2008)

Immunohistochemistry is an important tool that is often used for the diagnosis of several diseases in the pathology laboratory. The quality and sensitivity of immunohistochemical staining is affected by formalin fixation, which results in variable loss of antigenicity, known as a masking effect. While the sensitivity of immunohistochemistry is excellent for certain antigens, other antigens such as COX-1 and COX-2 are difficult to identify, especially in formalin-fixed, paraffin sections. Antigen retrieval is a technique that re-exposes epitopes and allows detection of masked antigens with standard immunohistochemical procedures. One common method involves partial, enzymatic pre-digestion with trypsin or pepsin while other, nonenzymatic procedures or heat-mediated antigen retrieval methods include pressure-cookers, hot plates, or microwave (MW) irradiation of tissue sections in water or a variety of antigen-retrieval solutions. In this chapter, we will describe a technique that provides a more reliable, much simpler approach for the demonstration of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in frozen, vibratome or paraffin sections, and/or cells in cultures.
Comments on "Hierarchical cubic networks" (1998)

Ghose and Desai (1995) introduced a new interconnection for large-scale distributed memory multiprocessors called the Hierarchical Cubic Network (HCN). The HCN is topologically superior to a comparable hypercube. They also proposed optimal routing algorithms for the HCN and obtained its diameter, which is about three-fourths the diameter of a comparable hypercube. However, their routing algorithm is not distance-optimal. In this paper, we propose an optimal routing algorithm for the HCN and show that HCN has about two-thirds the diameter of a comparable hypercube.