gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and properties of segmented main‐chain liquid‐crystalline polyurethanes with a high aspect ratio mesogenic diol as a chain extender (2002)

Abstract Main‐chain liquid‐crystalline polyurethanes were synthesized based on a high aspect ratio mesogenic diol (4‐{[4‐(6‐hydroxyhexyloxy)‐phenylimino]‐methyl}‐benzoic acid 4‐{[4‐(6‐hydroxyhexyloxy)‐phenylimino]‐methyl}‐phenyl ester) as a chain extender; polycaprolactone (PCL) diol soft segments of different number‐average molecular weights (530, 1250, or 2000); and different diisocyanates, including 1,4‐hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), 4,4′‐methylene bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H 12 MDI), and 4,4′‐methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI). The structure of the polymers was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing microscopy measurements were carried out to examine the liquid‐crystalline and thermal properties of the polyurethanes, respectively. The mesogenic diol was partially replaced with 20–50 mol % PCL. A 20 mol % mesogen content was sufficient to impart a liquid crystalline property to all the polymers. The partial replacement of the mesogenic diol with PCL of various molecular weights, as well as the various diisocyanates, influenced the phase transitions and the occurrence of mesophase textures. Characteristic liquid‐crystalline textures were observed when a sufficient content of the mesogenic diol was present. Depending on the flexible spacer length and the mesogenic content, grained and threadlike textures were obtained for the HMDI and H 12 MDI series polymers, whereas the polyurethanes prepared from MDI showed only grained textures for all the compositions. The polymers formed brittle films and could not be subjected to tensile tests. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1527–1538, 2002
Relational queries over program traces (2005)

Instrumenting programs with code to monitor runtime behavior is a common technique for profiling and debugging. In practice, instrumentation is either inserted manually by programmers, or automatically by specialized tools that monitor particular properties. We propose Program Trace Query Language (PTQL), a language based on relational queries over program traces, in which programmers can write expressive, declarative queries about program behavior. We also describe our compiler, Partiqle. Given a PTQL query and a Java program, Partiqle instruments the program to execute the query on-line. We apply several PTQL queries to a set of benchmark programs, including the Apache Tomcat Web server. Our queries reveal significant performance bugs in the jack SpecJVM98 benchmark, in Tomcat, and in the IBM Java class library, as well as some correct though uncomfortably subtle code in the Xerces XML parser. We present performance measurements demonstrating that our prototype system has usable performance.
International survey of apolipoproteins A1 and B measurements (1983-1984). (1985)

We report here results of a worldwide survey of apolipoprotein (apo) A1 and B measurements. A lyophilized pool of human serum was developed for the survey to test its suitability as a candidate Reference Material. Seventy-five laboratories from 18 countries responded to invitations to participate. Using several methods, they evaluated the mass concentration of apo A1 and B in the proposed Reference Material. The bias between laboratories and between analytical methods was then characterized. Fifty-five laboratories reported results before the deadline on measurement of at least one apolipoprotein by one method. Variation in apo A1 and B among collaborators constituted the largest source of error in the study (68% of the total variation for apo A1, 73% for apo B). Variation among method means was not significant for apo A1, but for apo B it constituted 20% of the total variation. Differences due to vials or in replicate measurements within vials were found to constitute 6% or less of the total variability. Within-laboratory, among-vial, and among-replicate CV values were less than 5% for the study. These results suggest that future standardization efforts can be successful.
Stellate fibrin-fibronectin microclot formation from keratinocytes and fibroblasts stimulated by plasma from patients with psoriasis (1985)

Plasma from patients with active psoriasis has been shown to induce the formation of stellate fibrin-fibronectin microclots in vitro around cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Such a stellate radiation of fibronectin and fibrin was also demonstrated around monocytes from patients with psoriasis. The phenomenon was not observed in healthy subjects but has been found in various disorders.
Uncertain homogenous bilinear systems: a variable-structure control approach (2006)

This paper considers the design of a sliding mode control (SMC) to stabilize a class of uncertain homogenous bilinear systems. A new approach based on the concept of integral sliding mode is proposed along with an auxiliary control law to overcome the key problems associated with using the classical SMC for such systems. The design is robust with respect to a family of conically bounded perturbations in the sense that it ensures reachability of the sliding manifold as well as asymptotic closed-loop stability in the presence of any perturbation belonging to the uncertainty family.
Measurement of electro-optic poling transient effects in polymer thin films (1990)

We present transient measurements of the electro-optic response and the heterodyne technique used to monitor the poling process in-situ. Several of the measurements presented are made on a low-dopinglevel guest-host polymer to facilitate comparison with theory. Also presented are measurements on a stable poled side-chain polymer. The data indicate response rise and fall times of the order of milliseconds for the guest-host sample and the temperature dependence of those times is compared to the theoretical model. Good qualitative agreement between theory and experimental data is presented.
Breakdown and destruction of heterogeneous solid dielectrics by high voltage pulses (1998)

A mechanism explaining the breakdown of dielectrics with high intrinsic inhomogeneity like natural rocks and concrete is proposed and proved experimentally. This work has a very promising industrial application in the drilling and demolition of natural and artificial solid materials by electric pulses. The mechanism includes the breakdown of gas cavities inside the dielectric and on its surface. At a very high applied voltage, the high electric field causes the breakdown in the cavities. The displacement and conduction currents flowing through a number of such cavities result in the heating of the plasma and high pressure pulse generation. The pulsed pressure results in crack formation and finally, in the destruction of a solid material.
Tuning Mechanical and Optoelectrical Properties of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) through Systematic Regioregularity Control (2015)

While the regioregularity (RR) of conjugated polymers is known to have a strong influence on their inherent properties, systematic study of the RR effect has been limited due to the lack of a synthetic methodology. Herein, we successfully produced a series of poly(3-hexylthiophene)s (P3HTs) having a wide range of RR from 64 to 98%. Incorporation of controlled amounts of head-to-head (H–H) coupled dimer in modified Grignard metathesis polymerization allows a facile tuning of the RR of the P3HTs with comparable molecular weight and low polydispersity. Then, we investigated the effect of RR on structural, electrical, and mechanical properties of P3HTs in which a higher content of H–H regio-defects, namely lower RR, systematically lowered the degree of crystallinity. Although high RR P3HT (98%) had higher charge carrier mobility (1.81 × 10–1 cm2 V–1 s–1), its strong crystallinity induced high brittleness and stiffness, resulting in device failure under a very small strain, as shown in tensile and bending tests. The tensile modulus was reduced significantly from 287 MPa (RR 98%) to 13 MPa (RR 64%), and also the RR 64% P3HT film had much better mechanical resilience with an order of magnitude higher elongation at break than that of the RR 98% polymer. Our findings suggest that the mechanical and electrical properties of conjugated polymers can be systematically tuned by controlling the RR to meet the purposes of various organic electronic applications, i.e., flexible portable devices vs high-performance panels.
Probiotic Bacteria (2014)

Complied by an expert editorial team with noteworthy and remarkable experience, this book covers technological aspects related to probiotics, not only in terms of delivery modes but also in terms of protection technologies. It includes discussions of their therapeutic and physiologic implications and benefits, and provides a contemporary update and
Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses (2020)

Recent studies emphasize a positive impact of learning with augmented reality (AR) systems in various instructional scenarios. Especially combining real and virtual learning components according to spatial and temporal contiguity principles is claimed to foster learning and to reduce extraneous cognitive processing. We applied these principles to a physics laboratory experiment examining heat conduction where students measure the temperature along heated metal rods via a thermal imaging camera. However, the traditional setup leads to a time delay between measuring and receiving data, and spatially separates relevant visualizations causing resource-consuming search processes. Using see-through smartglasses, traditional displays were transformed into virtual representations which were anchored to corresponding objects of the experimental setup, resulting in an integrated AR view of real-time data. Both traditional and AR-assisted workflows of data collection were investigated in a field study with undergraduate students (N=74) during a graded laboratory course. Performance and cognitive load were assessed as dependent variables. Although the AR condition did not show a learning gain in a conceptual knowledge test, they nonetheless reported a significant lower extraneous cognitive load than the traditional condition. These results contrast with recent findings on AR and integrated formats but reveal a significant impact on cognitive load research.
Experimental investigation of the Doppler characteristics of radio signals backscattered from the rough water surface at low grazing angles (2003)

The results of a field experiment on backscatter of X-band and Ka-band electromagnetic waves from a rough water surface at low grazing angles are briefly described.
Cell electrofusion using nanosecond electric pulses (2013)

Electrofusion is an efficient method for fusing cells using short-duration high-voltage electric pulses. However, electrofusion yields are very low when fusion partner cells differ considerably in their size, since the extent of electroporation (consequently membrane fusogenic state) with conventionally used microsecond pulses depends proportionally on the cell radius. We here propose a new and innovative approach to fuse cells with shorter, nanosecond (ns) pulses. Using numerical calculations we demonstrate that ns pulses can induce selective electroporation of the contact areas between cells (i.e. the target areas), regardless of the cell size. We then confirm experimentally on B16-F1 and CHO cell lines that electrofusion of cells with either equal or different size by using ns pulses is indeed feasible. Based on our results we expect that ns pulses can improve fusion yields in electrofusion of cells with different size, such as myeloma cells and B lymphocytes in hybridoma technology.
Curve Fitting by a One-Pass Method With a Piecewise Cubic Polynomial (1977)

A method is described for fitting a piecewise cubic polynomial to a sequence of data by a onepass method. The polynomial pieces are calculated as the data is scanned only once from left to right. The algorithm is shown to be stable when a piecewise cubic polynomial is used which is continuous with its first derivative, while it becomes unstable if the polynomial is made continuous up to the second derivative. The knots of the approximating function are determined successively using a criterion by Powell.
A comparative study of high speed networks (2002)

In the management of a modern LAN or campus network, two issues are of key importance, namely network performance and capacity planning. In this paper we report on results from an experimental programme which aims to quantify the performance that can be achieved with a real distributed application running over a range of different network technologies, including Ethernet, ATM, FDDI, and a 100 Mb/s packet-switched LAN. In particular we analyse the contribution of each of the various application and network components to the overall performance experienced by applications.
[An investigation of radiation exposure on pediatric patients and doctors during cardiac catheterization and cineangiography]. (1991)

Cardiac catheterization and cineangiography are invasive diagnostic radiological examinations which exposure the patient to a relatively high radiation dose, the largest radiation dose of any diagnostic examination. Sixty-one infants and children, aged 28 days to 15 years, were randomly selected into this study to assess such questions regarding cardiac catheterization in children as; (1) How much the pediatric patient's and doctor's radiation exposure is during a routine cardiac catheterization and cineangiography? (2) What difference are there in exposure to various areas of the body? (3) How much radiation exposure is related to cineangiography compared with fluoroscopy? (4) How much radiation exposure may be reduced by lead apron worn by doctors? Thermoluminescent dosimeters containing 80 mg of CaSO4: Dy were applied to the body for the measurement of radiation exposure during cardiac catheterization. In hemodynamic assessment of catheterization (mean time 6 +/- 5 min), dosimeters were placed on various areas of the patient's skin and unexposed dosimeters were attached to mid sternum and right lateral chest during cineangiography (mean time 11 +/- 5 sec). Average skin doses over the patients' organs during catheterization and cineangiography were: eye 51 mu Gy, thyroid 746 mu Gy, sternum 5,102 mu Gy, right lateral chest 10,098 mu Gy, umbilicus 123 mu Gy and gonad 24 mu Gy. The radiation exposure during cineangiography at sternum and right lateral chest contributed to 61% and 70% of total exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Early childhood infection and atopic disorder (1998)

The prediction of atopic disease by maternal atopy mainly reflects the effect of acknowledged genetic factors. Interpretation of the prediction of atopic disorders by immunisation with wholecell pertussis vaccine and treatment with oral antibiotics needs to be very cautious because of the possibilities of confounding effects and reverse causation. However, plausible immune mechanisms are identifiable for the promotion of atopic disorders by both factors and further investigation of these association is warranted.
Plasma etching of Ti in fluorine-containing feeds (1992)

The detailed chemistry of the process of etching of titanium in CF4-O2 plasmas has been studied in the gas phase as well as at the substrate surface. A triode reactor has been utilized to research the role of key parameters such as feed composition, pressure, substrate bias, and temperature, by means of emission spectroscopy and quartz-crystal microbalance technique. Byproducts provided by this research are the principles for using and calibrating quartz microbalances in a broad temperature range (50–300 °C). A diode reactor connected under high vacuum to an x-ray photoelectron spectrometer has been used to characterize the surface chemistry during the etching process in the absence of any external contamination.
Anti- Toxoplasma Activities of Antiretroviral Drugs and Interactions with Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine In Vitro (2000)

The anti-Toxoplasma activities of nine antiretroviral drugs were examined in vitro. Nucleoside analogs had no effect on parasite growth, whereas ritonavir and nelfinavir were inhibitory for Toxoplasma, with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 5.4 and 4.0 microg/ml, respectively. None of the antiviral drugs affected the anti-Toxoplasma activity of pyrimethamine or sulfadiazine.
A Facile Synthesis of MoS2/g-C3N4 Composite as an Anode Material with Improved Lithium Storage Capacity (2019)

The demand for well-designed nanostructured composites with enhanced electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries electrode materials has been emerging. In order to improve the electrochemical performance of MoS<sub>2</sub>-based anode materials, MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets integrated with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (MoS<sub>2</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composite) was synthesized by a facile heating treatment from the precursors of thiourea and sodium molybdate at 550 °C under N<sub>2</sub> gas flow. The structure and composition of MoS<sub>2</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. The lithium storage capability of the MoS<sub>2</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composite was evaluated, indicating high capacity and stable cycling performance at 1 C (A·g<sup>-1</sup>) with a reversible capacity of 1204 mA·h·g<sup>-1</sup> for 200 cycles. This result is believed the role of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as a supporting material to accommodate the volume change and improve charge transport for nanostructured MoS<sub>2</sub>. Additionally, the contribution of the pseudocapacitive effect was also calculated to further clarify the enhancement in Li-ion storage performance of the composite.
Weights of Pocket Gophers (1940)

Weights of Pocket Gophers Get access Clarence F. Smith Clarence F. Smith Biological Survey, U. S. Department of Interior, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 21, Issue 2, 14 May 1940, Page 220, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/21.2.220-a Published: 14 May 1940
IC14, an Anti-CD14 Antibody, Inhibits Endotoxin-Mediated Symptoms and Inflammatory Responses in Humans (2001)

CD14 is a receptor for cell wall components of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria that has been implicated in the initiation of the inflammatory response to sepsis. To determine the role of CD14 in LPS-induced effects in humans, 16 healthy subjects received an i.v. injection of LPS (4 ng/kg) preceded (-2 h) by i.v. IC14, a recombinant chimeric mAb against human CD14, at a dose of 1 mg/kg over 1 h, or placebo. In subjects receiving IC14, saturation of CD14 on circulating monocytes and granulocytes was >90% at the time of LPS injection. IC14 attenuated LPS-induced clinical symptoms and strongly inhibited LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine release, while only delaying the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokines soluble TNF receptor type I and IL-1 receptor antagonist. IC14 also inhibited leukocyte activation, but more modestly reduced endothelial cell activation and the acute phase protein response. The capacity of circulating monocytes and granulocytes to phagocytose Escherichia coli was only marginally reduced after infusion of IC14. These data provide the first proof of principle that blockade of CD14 is associated with reduced LPS responsiveness in humans in vivo.
Kernel-based Behavior Analysis for Android Malware Detection (2011)

The most major threat of Android users is malware infection via Android application markets. In case of the Android Market, as security inspections are not applied for many users have uploaded applications. Therefore, malwares, e.g., Geimini and Droid Dream will attempt to leak personal information, getting root privilege, and abuse functions of the smart phone. An audit framework called log cat is implemented on the Dalvik virtual machine to monitor the application behavior. However, only the limited events are dumped, because an application developers use the log cat for debugging. The behavior monitoring framework that can audit all activities of applications is important for security inspections on the market places. In this paper, we propose a kernel-base behavior analysis for android malware inspection. The system consists of a log collector in the Linux layer and a log analysis application. The log collector records all system calls and filters events with the target application. The log analyzer matches activities with signatures described by regular expressions to detect a malicious activity. Here, signatures of information leakage are automatically generated using the smart phone IDs, e.g., phone number, SIM serial number, and Gmail accounts. We implement a prototype system and evaluate 230 applications in total. The result shows that our system can effectively detect malicious behaviors of the unknown applications.
Location-based crowdsourcing (2010)

The WWW and the mobile phone have become an essential means for sharing implicitly and explicitly generated information and a communication platform for many people. With the increasing ubiquity of location sensing included in mobile devices we investigate the arising opportunities for mobile crowdsourcing making use of the real world context. In this paper we assess how the idea of user-generated content, web-based crowdsourcing, and mobile electronic coordination can be combined to extend crowdsourcing beyond the digital domain and link it to tasks in the real world. To explore our concept we implemented a crowd-sourcing platform that integrates location as a parameter for distributing tasks to workers. In the paper we describe the concept and design of the platform and discuss the results of two user studies. Overall the findings show that integrating tasks in the physical world is useful and feasible. We observed that (1) mobile workers prefer to pull tasks rather than getting them pushed, (2) requests for pictures were the most favored tasks, and (3) users tended to solve tasks mainly in close proximity to their homes. Based on this, we discuss issues that should be considered during designing mobile crowdsourcing applications.
Clinical predictors of treatment outcome in North Indian patients on antiepileptic drug therapy: A prospective observational study (2018)

Our findings suggest that an early disease onset, cryptogenic epilepsy, and a higher pretreatment seizure frequency are related to a poor prognosis or poor remission in people with epilepsy (PWE) on AED therapy.
Automatic Craniomaxillofacial Landmark Digitization via Segmentation-Guided Partially-Joint Regression Forest Model and Multiscale Statistical Features (2020)

The goal of this paper is to automatically digitize craniomaxillofacial (CMF) landmarks efficiently and accurately from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, by addressing the challenge caused by large morphological variations across patients and image artifacts of CBCT images.