gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of a Remarkable Ceramic: Ti 3 SiC 2 (1996)

Polycrystalline bulk samples of Ti 3 SiC 2 were fabricated by reactively hot‐pressing Ti, graphite, and SiC powders at 40 MPa and 1600°C for 4 h. This compound has remarkable properties. Its compressive strength, measured at room temperature, was 600 MPa, and dropped to 260 MPa at 1300°C in air. Although the room‐temperature failure was brittle, the high‐temperature load‐displacement curve shows significant plastic behavior. The oxidation is parabolic and at 1000° and 1400°C the parabolic rate constants were, respectively, 2 × 10 −8 and 2 × 10 −5 kg 2 ‐m −4 .s −1 . The activation energy for oxidation is thus =300 kJ/mol. The room‐temperature electrical conductivity is 4.5 × 10 6 Ω −1 .m −1 , roughly twice that of pure Ti. The thermal expansion coefficient in the temperature range 25° to 1000°C, the room‐temperature thermal conductivity, and the heat capacity are respectively, 10 × 10 −6 °C −1 , 43 W/(m.K), and 588 J/(kgK). With a hardness of 4 GPa and a Young's modulus of 320 GPa, it is relatively soft, but reasonably stiff. Furthermore, Ti 3 SiC 2 does not appear to be susceptible to thermal shock; quenching from 1400°C into water does not affect the postquench bend strength. As significantly, this compound is as readily machinable as graphite. Scanning electron microscopy of polished and fractured surfaces leaves little doubt as to its layered nature.
Utilizing active single-mode fiber injection for speckle nulling in exoplanet characterization (2017)

Despite recent advances in high-contrast imaging techniques, high resolution spectroscopy for characterization of exoplanet atmospheres is still limited by our ability to suppress residual starlight speckles at the planet’s location. We have demonstrated a new concept for speckle nulling by injecting directly imaged planet light into a single-mode fiber, linking a high-contrast adaptively-corrected coronagraph to a high-resolution spectrograph (diffraction-limited or not). The restrictions on the incident electric field that will couple into the single-mode fiber give the adaptive optics system additional degrees of freedom to suppress the speckle noise on top of destructive interference. We are able to achieve a starlight suppression gains that are an order of magnitude better than conventional techniques in broadband light with minimal planet throughput losses.
Donor antigen presenting cell depletion induces a consistent model of graft versus host disease following in utero hematopoietic cell transplantation (2013)

Journal of the American College of Surgeons: September 2013 - Volume 217 - Issue 3 - p S97-S98 doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.07.222
Novel Laboratory Design of Passive Enhanced Surveillance System of Resident Space Objects (2017)

The objective of this study is to present a novel experimental laboratory design for polarimetric exploratory data analysis for the detection and discrimination of dimly lit resident space objects in the presence of starlight or cluttered luminous objects, or in the shadow of the Earth. The experimental results of this study indicate that fusion of polarimetric exploratory data analysis and Stokes parameters lead to reliable figures of merit that can be used as powerful tools for image analysis, detection, characterization, and discrimination of dim targets, under passive illumination. The outcome of this study allows for the design of planned future sensor systems through experimentation, modeling, and simulation, enabling the more accurate assessment of sensor requirements for space-to-space and Earth-to-space sensing of dimly lit resident space objects as well as anticipated sensor detection and discrimination potential.
Electrolyte Changes in Contemporary Hemodialysis: A Secondary Analysis of the Monitoring in Dialysis Study (2021)

We describe the magnitude of post-dialytic changes in serum electrolytes with contemporary HD, reporting a high incidence of electrolyte abnormalities post-HD, and present predictive nomograms relating electrolyte changes immediately post-HD to dialysate prescriptions. Our results may be useful for clinical care and provide insights for future research on dialysate prescriptions.
Two‐phase downflow through catalyst beds: Part II. Pulsing regime pressure drop (1977)

Abstract Surveys of local and overall pressure drop in partially pulsing 29.2 cm diameter beds show the overall pressure drop steady but elevated, while local pressure drops across various sections of the bed oscillate in correspondence with the local pulse frequency. The increase in overall pressure drop due to pulsing varies between 0 and 100%, depending on the extent of pulsing and liquid holdup within the bed. In foaming systems, the overall bed pressure drop can be higher than for pulsing alone, depending on liquid holdup and (apparently) the type of foam and its intensity. In some cases, pulsing appears to be the starting point for low frequency foaming pressure drop surges which are associated with cyclic foam formation and breakup within the bed.
Generalized random forests (2019)

We propose generalized random forests, a method for nonparametric statistical estimation based on random forests (Breiman [Mach. Learn. 45 (2001) 5–32]) that can be used to fit any quantity of interest identified as the solution to a set of local moment equations. Following the literature on local maximum likelihood estimation, our method considers a weighted set of nearby training examples; however, instead of using classical kernel weighting functions that are prone to a strong curse of dimensionality, we use an adaptive weighting function derived from a forest designed to express heterogeneity in the specified quantity of interest. We propose a flexible, computationally efficient algorithm for growing generalized random forests, develop a large sample theory for our method showing that our estimates are consistent and asymptotically Gaussian and provide an estimator for their asymptotic variance that enables valid confidence intervals. We use our approach to develop new methods for three statistical tasks: nonparametric quantile regression, conditional average partial effect estimation and heterogeneous treatment effect estimation via instrumental variables. A software implementation, grf for R and C++, is available from CRAN.
Effect of Fusing Treatment on Fatigue Strength of Thermally Sprayed Steels with Co-Based Self-Fluxing Alloy Coating (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Internal Q switching in single-sided heterojunction injection lasers (1974)

An experimental study was made of the internal Q switching in AlxGa1–x–GaAs single-sided heterojunction injection lasers. A study was made of the dynamics of the emission spectrum on transition from the spontaneous emission to the Q-switching conditions when a diode emitted single light pulses of ~120 psec duration at a time corresponding to the trailing edge of the pumping current pulse.
Relationship Between Pelvic Motion and Metabolic Energy in Running (2008)

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between frontal plane pelvic angle and changes in metabolic energy demands while running. METHODS: Five healthy, female subjects (mean age 22.8 ± 2.2) were obtained from a sample of convenience. Subjects were recreational runners who ran ≥ 5 miles per week (mean 28.0 miles ± 15.2) and had no known cardiopulmonary or neuromuscular impairments. Subjects were asked to run on a treadmill for 30 minutes at a self-selected speed (6.52 mph ± 0.2). Kinematics - Three-dimensional data on pelvic position was sampled at a rate of 60 Hz using an electromagnetic kinematic tracking system (MotionMonitor™, Innovative Sports Training) with sensors (Polhemus Fastrak) secured over the posterior superior iliac spines. Metabolic Energy - Oxygen consumption (VO2) was obtained through ventilatory expired gas analysis (SensorMedics, Inc., Yorba Linda, CA) during rest, exercise and five minutes into recovery. The change in VO2 between 25-30 minutes (average value) was determined (ΔVO2), as was the time constant of VO2 recovery kinetics. MatLab v 7.1 was used for kinematic analyses. A Pearson's Correlation was calculated using SPSS v 14.0; statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: The rate of change in maximum pelvic hike and drop were significantly correlated with VO2 recovery kinetics (R2 = 0.921 and R2=0.939, respectively). However, ΔVO2 was not correlated with pelvic motion or kinetics. CONCLUSION: VO2 recovery kinetics were not influenced by VO2, rather by biomechanical factors. These findings suggest that increased pelvic motion during running results in metabolic inefficiency, and could therefore adversely affect running performance.
Digital back-end for RFI detection and mitigation in earth observation (2013)

A powerful real time Radio-frequency interference (RFI) mitigation back-end system is presented in this work. The interfering signals are estimated by using the wavelet transform to utilize its effective denoising capability. The estimated RFI signals are then subtracted from the total received signal, and ultimately the RFI-mitigated signal is obtained. Here, the hardware implementation and the system tests are demonstrated, showing sinusoid, chirp, and PRN interference mitigation under different Interference to Noise Ratios (INRs).
Impact of the intramitochondrial enzyme organization on fatty acid oxidation (2001)

The enzymes of mitochondrial beta-oxidation are thought to be organized in at least two functional complexes, a membrane-bound, long-chain-specific beta-oxidation system and a matrix system consisting of soluble enzymes with preferences for medium-chain and short-chain substrates. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that the inactivation of long-chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase by 4-bromotiglic acid (4-bromo-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid) causes the complete inhibition of palmitate beta-oxidation even though 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, which acts on 3-ketopalmitoyl-CoA, remains partly active. The observed substrate specificities of long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) and very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase prompt the suggestion that LCAD is a functional component of the long-chain-specific beta-oxidation system. Altogether, a view is emerging of the organization of beta-oxidation enzymes in mitochondria that supports the idea of intermediate channelling and explains the apparent absence of true intermediates of beta-oxidation from mitochondria.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Preclinical Antitumor Efficacy of BAY 1129980—a Novel Auristatin-Based Anti-C4.4A (LYPD3) Antibody–Drug Conjugate for the Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Synthesis of C4.4A-ADC (A), Active metabolites resulting from intracellular degradation of C4.4A-ADC (B), Activity of the C4.4A-ADC metabolites (C), Range of drug-to-antibody ratio (D), and Purity and aggregate content of the ADC (E).&lt;/p&gt;
AMNIOTIC FLUID EMBOLISM (1975)

Department of Anesthesia, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Magee-Women's Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Resolution of acute inflammation bridges the gap between innate and adaptive immunity (2014)

Acute inflammation is traditionally characterized by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) influx followed by phagocytosing macrophage (Mφs) that clear injurious stimuli leading to resolution and tissue homeostasis. However, using the peritoneal cavity, we found that although innate immune-mediated responses to low-dose zymosan or bacteria resolve within days, these stimuli, but not hyperinflammatory stimuli, trigger a previously overlooked second wave of leukocyte influx into tissues that persists for weeks. These cells comprise distinct populations of tissue-resident Mφs (resMφs), Ly6c(hi) monocyte-derived Mφs (moMφs), monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Postresolution mononuclear phagocytes were observed alongside lymph node expansion and increased numbers of blood and peritoneal memory T and B lymphocytes. The resMφs and moMφs triggered FoxP3 expression within CD4 cells, whereas moDCs drive T-cell proliferation. The resMφs preferentially clear apoptotic PMNs and migrate to lymph nodes to bring about their contraction in an inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent manner. Finally, moMφs remain in tissues for months postresolution, alongside altered numbers of T cells collectively dictating the magnitude of subsequent acute inflammatory reactions. These data challenge the prevailing idea that resolution leads back to homeostasis and asserts that resolution acts as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, as well as tissue reprogramming.
Advanced alignment optical system for DUV scanner (2004)

Advanced scanners need an extremely high accuracy wafer alignment system, and nowadays it is also necessary that the alignment marks occupy a smaller area in order to expand the available area for IC patterns. Therefore, narrower lines with a smaller pitch must form the alignment marks. In this paper, a higher Numerical Aperture (NA) and lower aberration alignment optical system are studied for these requirements. At first the small alignment marks are shown, and suitable NA in the optical system is then discussed. As a result, the necessity for higher NA is shown. As for low aberration, the necessary specification of wavefront aberration is discussed. Assuming it is possible to suitably select the NA and the illumination NA in the optical system, the results of simulation -- that simulate image signals and perform image processing -- are reported. These results show the optical system that has aberration causes position shift, so that the specification of wavefront aberration is estimated in order that the position shifts may be sufficiently small. To make sure that with such a strict specification the system will be possible, a trial optical system has been made. Finally the techniques of manufacturing and the results of evaluation are reported.
Structure Dependence of Poisson’s Ratio in Cesium Silicate and Borate Glasses (2020)

In glass materials, Poisson's ratio (ν) has been proposed to be correlated with a variety of features, including atomic packing density (<i>C</i><sub>g</sub>), liquid fragility (<i>m</i>), and network connectivity. To further investigate these correlations in oxide glasses, here, we study cesium borate and cesium silicate glasses with varying modifier/former ratio given the difference in network former coordination and because cesium results in relatively high <i>ν</i> compared to the smaller alkali modifiers. Within the binary glass series, we find positive correlations between <i>ν</i> on one hand and <i>m</i> and <i>C</i><sub>g</sub> on the other hand. The network former is found to greatly influence the correlation between <i>ν</i> and the number of bridging oxygens (<i>n</i><sub>BO</sub>), with a negative correlation for silicate glasses and positive correlation for borate glasses. An analysis based on topological constraint theory shows that this difference cannot be explained by the effect of superstructural units on the network connectivity in lithium borate glasses. Considering a wider range of oxide glasses from the literature, we find that <i>ν</i> generally decreases with increasing network connectivity, but with notable exceptions for heavy alkali borate glasses and calcium alumino tectosilicate glasses.
The First Forty Years of the Heterocyclic Group of the Royal Society of Chemistry (2006)

An account of the progress of the Heterocyclic Group, from its beginning in 1967 under the Chemical Society to its present status under the Royal Society of Chemistry.
Locating human faces in newspaper photographs (2003)

A computational approach to locating human faces in newspaper photographs is described. While the computational recognition of a well-framed face as one of a known set of faces has received some attention, the computational location of faces in varying contexts is relatively unexplored. Candidates for the locations of faces are hypothesized by extracting features in the edge-image of the photograph and matching with a model of a face profile. A face is defined by a parametric representation of each of the component parts. Knowledge contained in the caption is represented using semantic networks and is used to reason about the locations of faces of individuals in the photograph.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Computed tomographic morphometry of the biceps brachii muscle tendon of dogs affected by the medial coronoid disease (2019)

The objective of this study was to measure the biceps brachii muscle (BBM) attachment to the medial coronoid process (MCP) using computed tomography images and to compare these data between clinically healthy and dogs affected by medial coronoid disease (MCD). Computed tomography was performed in MCD-affected and healthy dogs. Multiplanar reconstruction views were obtained to measure distance (cm) of the BBM attachment point to the MCP. Results showed that the mean BBM attachment point-to-MCP was 1.42 ± 0.23 cm in MCD-affected and 1.27 ± 0.20 cm in healthy dogs, respectively. In dogs with MCD, the BBM attachment point-to-MCP was significantly more abaxial than in clinically healthy dogs (p < .001). The results of this study support the hypothesis that the BBM attachment site is more abaxial to the MCP and therefore may contribute to supraphysiological overload leading to MCD. Albeit more research is necessary, this study proves a relationship between the BBM attachment point and the development of MCD.
Electromagnetic Shielding (2007)

Abstract The sections in this article are Basic Definitions Electrostatics Magnetostatics Electromagnetics Plane Waves Against Multilayer Planar Shields Characterization of Near‐Field Sources Apertures Effects on Shielding Performance Shielding Performance Measurement and Standards Shielding Effectiveness of Metallic Enclosures Current Research Topics
Recognition of lipid antigens by sera of mice infected with Mycobacterium lepraemurium. (1996)

Lipids extracted from mouse tissues infected with Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM) were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. Although the extracted lipids were heterogeneous in polarity, the lipids of intermediate polarity were the ones that predominated. All of the lipids of intermediate polarity were glycosylated species. There were also lipids of low and high polarity, the latter being glycolipids. Compared to lipids extracted from normal tissue (mostly to lipids of high and low polarity), all of the additional lipids extracted from the infected tissue corresponded to lipids present in the purified bacteria. Enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs) were then performed with the whole lipids extracted from purified bacilli, the lipids of high, intermediate and low polarity, and the sera from 20 normal and 20 MLM-infected mice. Lipids of intermediate polarity were specifically recognized by MLM-infected mice. Neither sera (diluted 1:500) from normal mice nor infected mice reacted with the lipids of high or low polarity, but a higher concentration (sera diluted 1:100) of some sera from mice in both groups reacted significantly with these lipids. In the ELISAs the whole-lipid extract and the lipids of intermediate polarity were similarly recognized by the sera of the infected mice. Thus, as observed in human leprosy, the mycobacterial disease in the mouse (murine leprosy) is also accompanied by the development of antibodies to the glycolipids of the infecting microorganism.
Texas Transplant Alfred Gilman Guides $3 Billion Cancer Project (2009)

Biochemist Alfred Gilman was named scientific director of the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas last month. Science interviewed Gilman recently; his comments have been edited for brevity.
Compressive Sampling and Reconstruction of Acoustic Signal in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (2018)

The process of gathering of scientific data plays an important role in telemonitoring and communications technologies of underwater information. However, to obtain such a huge data in underwater-wireless-sensor-networks, conventional methods often fail in energy efficiency. Compressive sampling (CS) provides a new perspective to solve the problem. Unfortunately, the underwater acoustic signal is non-sparse in the time domain and the current CS methods cannot be used directly. This paper adopts the discrete cosine transform-based dictionary-matrix for sparse representation. In addition, the measurement matrix is optimized via the steepest descent method for more efficient sampling. Then, we introduce an approach based on an approximated l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> norm at the receiving terminal, to search the sparse solution via the steepest descent method and projections. Combing with the measurement matrix and dictionary-matrix, the sparse estimation is used for reconstruction. Experimental results confirm the superior performances of the strategies of the proposed compressive sampling and reconstruction than those of the traditional measurement matrix and reconstruction methods, including matching pursuit and orthogonal matching pursuit methods.
Localization of anti‐endometrial antibody binding in women with endometriosis using a double‐labelling immunohistochemical method (1990)

Anti-endometrial antibody binding was localized using a double-labelling immunohistochemical method on frozen sections of endometrium taken from a woman without pelvic disease. Serum from 40 women with endometriosis was tested and, as controls, serum samples from 20 adult males and 20 umbilical cords. The method allowed compensation for endogenous immunoglobulins in endometrium and accurate localization of anti-endometrial antibody binding in the cytoplasm of the glandular epithelium. Significantly more women with endometriosis (14/40) were found to have anti-endometrial antibodies than controls (1/40) (P less than 0.001; chi 2). There was no correlation between disease severity and the presence of anti-endometrial antibodies or the intensity of staining.