gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parametric analysis and optimization of a building cooling heating power system driven by solar energy based on organic working fluid (2012)

Building cooling heating power (BCHP) systems as a kind of distributed energy resource have shown a great potential in improving energy efficiency and meeting multiple energy demands in buildings. In this paper, we present a BCHP system driven by solar energy with flat-plate solar collectors. A modified system efficiency is introduced to evaluate the whole day performance of the system more accurately. Based on the mathematical models and simulation platform established, we have investigated the influences of some key thermodynamic parameters, namely condensation temperature, turbine inlet temperature and turbine inlet pressure on the system performance. In order to find the optimum combination of these parameters that leads to the best performance, we have performed parametric optimization by means of the genetic algorithm. Results indicate that the best performance and the highest efficiency of the system are achieved when the working fluid reaches its saturated state and the corresponding efficiencies of the system operating in the combined heating power mode, the combined cooling power mode and the power production mode turn out to be 19.10%, 27.24% and 10.47%, respectively. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the limits of trigonometric functions: results and reflections from a pilot study (2013)

In this paper, we report a pilot study on engaging a group of undergraduate students to explore the limits of sin(x)/x and tan(x)/x as x approaches to 0, with the use of non-graphic scientific calculators. By comparing the results in the pretest and the post-test, we found that the students had improvements in the tested items, which involved the basic concepts of limits, but had room for further improvement in those that required them to explain their answers. An analysis of the students’ performances in the tests by using the APOS (i.e. action-process-object-schema) theory framework is reported. Reflections and suggestions on how to teach the topic more effectively are provided.
White Matter Hyperintensity Volume Influences Symptoms in Patients Presenting With Minor Neurological Deficits (2019)

Background and Purpose- Acute minor neurological deficits are a common complaint in the emergency department and differentiation of transient ischemic attack/minor stroke from a stroke mimic is difficult. We sought to assess the ability of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume to aid the diagnosis in such patients. Methods- This is a post hoc analysis of the previously published SpecTRA study (Spectrometry in TIA Rapid Assessment) of adult patients that presented to the emergency department with acute minor neurological deficits between December 2013 and March 2017. WMH volumes were measured if fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging was available. Outcomes of interest were final diagnosis, symptoms at presentation, and 90-day stroke recurrence. Results- WMH volume was available for 1485 patients. Median age was 70 years (interquartile range, 59-80), and 46.7% were female. Mean WMH volume was higher in transient ischemic attack/minor strokes compared with stroke mimics (1.71 ln mL [95% CI, 1.63-1.79 ln mL] versus 1.15 ln mL [95% CI, 1.02-1.27 ln mL], <i>P</i><0.001). In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis, WMH volume was not associated with final diagnosis. However, the combination of both diffusion-weighted imaging positivity and high WMH volume led to lower odds of focal symptoms at presentation (<i>P</i>=0.035). Conclusions- The combination of diffusion-weighted imaging positivity and high WMH volume was associated with lower odds of focal symptoms at presentation in patients seen with minor neurological deficits in the emergency department. This suggests that WMH volume might be an important consideration and the absence of focal symptoms at presentation should not discourage clinicians from further investigating patients with suspected cerebral ischemia.
Modelling the spatial distribution of Fasciola hepatica in dairy cattle in Europe (2015)

A harmonized sampling approach in combination with spatial modelling is required to update current knowledge of fasciolosis in dairy cattle in Europe. Within the scope of the EU project GLOWORM, samples from 3,359 randomly selected farms in 849 municipalities in Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Poland and Sweden were collected and their infection status assessed using an indirect bulk tank milk (BTM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Dairy farms were considered exposed when the optical density ratio (ODR) exceeded the 0.3 cut-off. Two ensemble-modelling techniques, Random Forests (RF) and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), were used to obtain the spatial distribution of the probability of exposure to Fasciola hepatica using remotely sensed environmental variables (1-km spatial resolution) and interpolated values from meteorological stations as predictors. The median ODRs amounted to 0.31, 0.12, 0.54, 0.25 and 0.44 for Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Poland and southern Sweden, respectively. Using the 0.3 threshold, 571 municipalities were categorized as positive and 429 as negative. RF was seen as capable of predicting the spatial distribution of exposure with an area under the receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.83 (0.96 for BRT). Both models identified rainfall and temperature as the most important factors for probability of exposure. Areas of high and low exposure were identified by both models, with BRT better at discriminating between low-probability and high-probability exposure; this model may therefore be more useful in practise. Given a harmonized sampling strategy, it should be possible to generate robust spatial models for fasciolosis in dairy cattle in Europe to be used as input for temporal models and for the detection of deviations in baseline probability. Further research is required for model output in areas outside the eco-climatic range investigated.
Fifth vaccination with diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis is beneficial in four- to six-year-olds (2001)

Before a 4- to 6-year-old booster, a large proportion of children have titers of antibody to diphtheria below the certain, durable protective level. Because serologic correlates and minimum protective titers of antibody to pertussis antigens have not been established, the relevance of the low titers determined in the current study is unknown but a potential concern.
GAIP Interacting Protein C-Terminus Regulates Autophagy and Exosome Biogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer through Metabolic Pathways (2014)

GAIP interacting protein C terminus (GIPC) is known to play an important role in a variety of physiological and disease states. In the present study, we have identified a novel role for GIPC as a master regulator of autophagy and the exocytotic pathways in cancer. We show that depletion of GIPC-induced autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells, as evident from the upregulation of the autophagy marker LC3II. We further report that GIPC regulates cellular trafficking pathways by modulating the secretion, biogenesis, and molecular composition of exosomes. We also identified the involvement of GIPC on metabolic stress pathways regulating autophagy and microvesicular shedding, and observed that GIPC status determines the loading of cellular cargo in the exosome. Furthermore, we have shown the overexpression of the drug resistance gene ABCG2 in exosomes from GIPC-depleted pancreatic cancer cells. We also demonstrated that depletion of GIPC from cancer cells sensitized them to gemcitabine treatment, an avenue that can be explored as a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance in cancer.
Entwicklung einer Kalibriereinrichtung fuer dreiachsige Fluxgate-Magnetometer am Deutschen GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ (2013)

The number of three dimensional fluxgate magnetometers has increased at the Geomagnetic Instrument Pool Potsdam of the GFZ. The instruments are subjected to extremely high mechanical loads during the expeditions, so that malfunctions can occur. This experience was gained earlier with the induction coils. A calibration facility was developed previously for checking these instruments [STR01/10, Meas.Sci. Technol. 13 (2002)N49-51]. A new calibration facility for checking three dimensional fluxgate magnetometers was developed now using the same principle. A large old wooden three axis coil system existing at the geomagnetic observatory of the GFZ in Niemegk was used. The facility works from 1mHz up to 500Hz.
Complete Deletion of All α-Dystrobrevin Isoforms Does Not Reveal New Neuromuscular Junction Phenotype (2007)

The dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) is critical for muscle stability, and mutations in DGC proteins lead to muscular dystrophy. The DGC also contributes to the maturation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The gene encoding the DGC protein alpha-dystrobrevin undergoes alternative splicing to produce at least five known isoforms. Isoform-specific antibody staining and reverse transcription PCR in mutant mice with a deletion of exon 3 of the alpha-dystrobrevin gene suggested the existence of a remaining synaptic isoform, which might be compensating for alpha-dystrobrevin function. To test this possibility and to more completely understand the synaptic function of alpha-dystrobrevin, we used a two-step homologous recombination strategy combined with in vivo Cre-mediated excision to generate mice with a large deletion of the alpha-dystrobrevin gene to disrupt all isoforms. However, these mice did not exhibit a more severe NMJ phenotype than that observed in the exon 3-deleted mice. Nonetheless, these mice not only eliminate possible compensation by remaining isoforms of alpha-dystrobrevin, but also offer a conditional allele that could be used to identify tissue-specific and developmental functions of alpha-dystrobrevin. This work also demonstrates a successful strategy to achieve deletion of a large genomic sequence, which can be a valuable tool for functional studies of genes encoding multiple isoforms that span a large genomic region.
Large, Crack‐Free Freestanding Films with Chiral Nematic Structures (2013)

A straightforward and inexpensive method to eliminate cracking in mesoporous thin films with chiral nematic structures is demonstrated to prepare large films of silica and carbon templated by nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). The addition of polyols such as glucose to a dispersion of NCC and sol–gel precursors eliminates cracking without affecting the resulting optical properties.
Tuning characteristics of monolithic passively mode-locked distributed Bragg reflector semiconductor lasers (1996)

Tuning characteristics of multicontact passively mode-locked distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) semiconductor lasers are investigated in terms of center wavelengths and pulse repetition frequencies. It is shown that the center wavelength of the pulses can be tuned over a wide range by changing the refractive index of the Bragg reflector section either by means of carrier injection or by thermal effects while maintaining the pulses to be nearly transform-limited. Tuning of the pulse repetition rates is realized by using four different approaches, i.e., current injection to a passive phase-control section, varying of the reverse bias to the absorber, varying of the injection current to the gain region, and thermal effects. Injecting current into the phase-control region results in a tuning range of more than 400 MHz while maintaining the pulses at transform-limited condition. Varying the reverse bias voltage to the absorber is shown to be an alternative to achieve large repetition rate tuning, by which a tuning range of 600 MHz is obtained. By combining these tuning schemes, a total tuning range of more than 1 GHz is realized.
The Need for Quality Aviation Safety Graduates: An Educational Challenge (2005)

The authors investigated a previously unaddressed problem within curricula of the United States (U.S.) aviation institutions of higher education. Graduates of these institutions were not being prepared to work within safety departments of the U.S. air carriers involved with one or more of the five current, voluntary Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) programs. To ascertain the need for a solution, a subjective instrument was developed and personally administered to 13 participants within the industry. The qualitative results were interpreted, and, in combination with the knowledge gained from the immersion of a professor within a research organization, resulted in the curricular placement of some of the aforementioned content on one campus of one U.S. aviation university during the spring semester of 2005.
4′-Fluorouridine Is a Broad-Spectrum Orally Available First-Line Antiviral That May Improve Pandemic Preparedness (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals to enhance preparedness against future spillover of zoonotic viruses with pandemic potential into the human population. Currently, the direct-acting orally available SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors molnupiravir and paxlovid are approved for human use under emergency use authorization. A promising next-generation therapeutic candidate is the orally available ribonucleoside analog 4'-fluorouridine (4'-FlU) that had potent antiviral efficacy against different viral targets, including SARS-CoV-2 in human organoids and animal models. Although a nucleoside analog inhibitor such as molnupiravir that targets the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) complex, 4'-FlU showed a distinct mechanism of activity, delayed chain termination, compared with molnupiravir's induction of viral error catastrophe. This review will focus on some currently approved and emerging medicines developed against SARS-CoV-2, examining their potential to form a pharmacological first-line defense against zoonotic viruses with pandemic potential.
The effect of H<inf>2</inf> treatment on heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) solar cell perfromance using 40.68MHz VHF-PECVD system (2011)

In this report, we studied the fabrication of heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) solar cell, which was deposited by using very high frequency chemical vapor deposition (VHF-PECVD), at a high deposition rate under a low process temperature. The HIT solar cell has a very thin emitter layer on the light-incident surface (about 10nm) and the contact region was passivated by hydrogen (H2) plasma treatment to improve solar cell performance. With the passivation, the carrier transport may be enhanced and the extraction of photo current may also be increased. These features can make the Si-bulk absorbs more photons and extract more photo-electric current [1].
RESTORATIVE IMPACT OF RABEPRAZOLE ON GASTRIC MUCUS PRODUCTION IMPAIRMENT DURING NAPROSYN ADMINISTRATION: ITS POTENTIAL CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE (2003)

s Submitted for the 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology October 10-15, 2003, Baltimore, Maryland: STOMACH: PDF Only
IRIS (2017)

Benchmarking is a widely-used technique to quantify the performance of software systems. However, the design and implementation of a benchmarking study can face several challenges. In particular, the time required to perform a benchmarking study can quickly spiral out of control, owing to the number of distinct variables to systematically examine. In this paper, we propose IRIS, an IteRative and Intelligent Experiment Selection methodology, to maximize the information gain while minimizing the duration of the benchmarking process. IRIS selects the region to place the next experiment point based on the variability of both dependent, i.e., response, and independent variables in that region. It aims to identify a performance function that minimizes the response variable prediction error for a constant and limited experimentation budget. We evaluate IRIS for a wide selection of experimental, simulated and synthetic systems with one, two and three independent variables. Considering a limited experimentation budget, the results show IRIS is able to reduce the performance function prediction error up to 4.3 times compared to equal distance experiment point selection. Moreover, we show that the error reduction can further improve through system-specific parameter tuning. Analysis of the error distributions obtained with IRIS reveals that the technique is particularly effective in regions where the response variable is sensitive to changes in the independent variables.
Experimental and theoretical comparison of NIR spectroscopy measurements of cerebral hemoglobin changes (1998)

Two near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) methods are available for measuring changes (Delta) in total cerebral hemoglobin concentration (CHC): 1) a continuous measurement of the changes in total hemoglobin concentration (Delta[Hb]tot) and 2) the difference between two absolute measurements of CHC, each derived from a small, controlled change in inspired O2 fraction. This paper investigates the internal consistency of these two methods by using an experimental and theoretical comparison. NIRS was used to measure [Hb]tot in five newborn piglets before and after a change in arterial PCO2. Delta[Hb]tot demonstrated a low coefficient of variation of 2.8 +/- 2.8 (SD) % which allowed changes in CO2-cerebral blood volume reactivity to be clearly discriminated. However, a high coefficient of variation of 22.8 +/- 3.5% on the DeltaCHC measurements obscured any CO2 reactivity changes. A theoretical analysis demonstrates the effects of optical pathlength, background absorption, scatter, and blood vessel diameter on both methods. For more accurate monitoring of CHC, individual measurements of optical pathlength and more accurate pulse oximetry are required.
Terahertz Absorption of DNA Decamer Duplex (2008)

This work combines experimental and theoretical approaches to investigate terahertz absorption spectra of the DNA formed by the sequence oligomer 5'-CCGGCGCCGG-3'. The three-dimensional structure of this self-complimentary DNA decamer has been well-studied, permitting us to perform direct identification of the low-frequency phonon modes associated with specific conformation and to conduct comprehensive computer simulations. Two modeling techniques, normal-mode analysis and nanosecond molecular dynamics with explicit solvent molecules, were employed to extract the low-frequency vibrational modes based on which the absorption spectra were calculated. The absorption spectra of the DNA decamer in aqueous solution were measured in the frequency range 10-25 cm(-1) using the terahertz Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Multiple well-resolved and reproducible resonance modes were observed. When calculated and experimental spectra were compared, the spectrum based on molecular dynamics simulations showed a better correlation with the experimental spectra than the one based on normal-mode analysis. These results demonstrate that there exist a considerable number of active low-frequency phonon modes in this short DNA duplex.
Progressive Adrenal Failure in Polyglandular Autoimmune Disease* (1982)

We describe the clinical course of a boy who developed progressive adrenal failure, beginning with failure of the zona glomerulosa, as part of polyglandular autoimmune disease. Initially the patient presented with hypoparathyroidism and mucocutaneous candidiasis. ACTH tests at ages 8 and 11 yr resulted in a normal response of both mineralo- and glucocorticoids. The constellation of hyponatremia , hyperkalemia, and growth failure at age 14 yr prompted a reevaluation. A repeat ACTH test, assessing individual contributions of zone fasciculata and glomerulosa, showed normal plasma cortisol, desoxycorticosterone, and corticosterone responses and a normal urinary response of 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone and tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone. Urinary 18-hydroxycorticosterone and urinary as well as plasma aldosterone were undetectable. PRA was markedly elevated. The ACTH response of adrenal androgens, presumably metabolic products of the zona reticularis, was also deficient. Antiadrenal antibodies against all three layers of the adrenal cortex were present. Mineralocorticoid therapy resulted not only in normalization of electrolytes and PRA but also in catch-up growth. Repeat testing of fasciculata function at age 19 yr now shows that the patient's cortisol response to ACTH response in abnormal. The course of this patient suggest that in addition to monitoring the electrolyte status, periodic tests for both mineralo- and glucocorticoid synthesis should be performed in children with polyglandular autoimmune disease because progressive adrenal insufficiency may go unrecognized.
Single-Transition Coherence Transfer by Adiabatic Cross Polarization in NMR (2000)

Spin-state selective coherence transfer between single-transition coherences in a scalar-coupled two-spin system may be achieved by employing highly selective, constant amplitude radio frequency fields. We extend this method by employing amplitude-modulated pulses to achieve an adiabatic transfer, as shown in the picture (I=intensity). Different limiting cases are considered. The imperfect reversibility of the transfer reveals deviations from adiabaticity.
Kinetic Analysis of the Mechanism and Specificity of Protein-disulfide Isomerase Using Fluorescence-quenched Peptides (1998)

Protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an abundant folding catalyst in the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells. PDI introduces disulfide bonds into newly synthesized proteins and catalyzes disulfide bond isomerizations. We have synthesized a library of disulfide-linked fluorescence-quenched peptides, individually linked to resin beads, for two purposes: 1) to probe PDI specificity, and 2) to identify simple, sensitive peptide substrates of PDI. Using this library, beads that became rapidly fluorescent by reduction by human PDI were selected. Amino acid sequencing of the bead-linked peptides revealed substantial similarities. Several of the peptides were synthesized in solution, and a quantitative characterization of pre-steady state kinetics was carried out. Interestingly, a greater than 10-fold difference in affinity toward PDI was seen for various substrates of identical length. As opposed to conventional PDI assays involving larger polypeptides, the starting material for this assay is homogenous. It is furthermore simple and highly sensitive (requires less than 0.5 microgram of PDI/assay) and thus opens the possibility for quantitative determination of PDI activity and specificity.
Effects of film composition and substrate orientation on the structure and the magnetic properties of Fe-Co-B alloy films formed on MgO single-crystal substrates (2013)

(Fe0.7Co0.3)100−x B x alloy thin films are prepared on MgO single-crystal substrates with (100), (110), and (111) orientations at 200C by ultra-high vacuum radio-frequency magnetron sputtering with various B compositions, x, from 0 to 15 at.%. The effects of composition and substrate orientation on the structure and the magnetic properties are studied. Fe-Co epitaxial films with bcc structures are obtained on all substrates. Fe-Co(100) single-crystal films are formed on MgO(100) substrates. Fe-Co films epitaxially grown on MgO(110) substrates consist of two (211) variants whose orientations are rotated around the film’s normal by 180 each other. Fe-Co(110) films grow epitaxially on MgO(111) substrates with two types of variants, Nishiyama-Wasserman and Kurdjumov-Sachs relationships. As the B composition increases up to around 5 at.%, the film involves an amorphous structure in addition to an epitaxial bcc crystal structure. With further increases in the B content, the film is only amorphous. The magnetization properties of the films involving epitaxial crystals reflect the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the bulk Fe-Co crystal. The easy magnetization direction varies depending on the crystallographic orientation of the film. Isotropic in-plane magnetic properties are observed for amorphous films.