gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound and the Femoral Three-in-One Nerve Block (1998)

To the Editor: I wish to make a few comments regarding Marhofer et al.'s interesting and novel article on the ultrasonic performance of the femoral 3-in-1 nerve block [1]. First, I would suggest that the anesthesia community find some politically correct way to reflect the controversy that exists regarding the existence of the femoral 3-in-1 block [2]. I use a portable Doppler device to facilitate the performance of nerve blocks in difficult patients-the concept of localizing the neural structures by virtue of their proximity to vascular structures is not new. I would define difficult patients as those in whom there are anatomical challenges, such as morbid obesity. I agree with the authors that the use of ultrasound technology (or Doppler) can improve success rates in this subpopulation. However, I disagree with the conclusion that the use of ultrasound can shorten latencies, improve the quality of sensory block, and increase the overall success rate of any nerve block! The single most important factor in the success or failure of any nerve block is where the local anesthetic is injected [3]. The authors provide insufficient information for the reader to know whether the nerve stimulator was used properly. In addition, the study was not blind, which adds an element of bias to the results. For example, the authors could have performed both techniques in rapid serial fashion, using either saline or local anesthetic in a double-blind manner-nerve stimulator followed by ultrasound-in all patients, and the assessments could have been performed by an individual blinded to the technique. The authors suggest that the use of ultrasound will decrease the volume of local anesthetic required for the successful performance of femoral 3-in-1 nerve blocks [1]. The proper use of a nerve stimulator can also achieve that goal [4,5]. The authors use inadequate methodology when assessing blockade of the obturator nerve. Investigators must learn to use assessment of adductor motor power (or a surrogate end point such as motor evoked potentials) to assess the occurrence of successful conduction blockade of the obturator nerve [2]. Subsequently, the authors' conclusions about the relative frequency of blocking the obturator nerve are in error-conduction block of the parent trunk of the obturator nerve cannot be ascertained by cutaneous sensory assessment. Contrary to popular belief, the obturator nerve has no consistent cutaneous sensory contribution to the thigh [6]. In summary, I agree that the use of ultrasound may be useful in cases in which the anatomical landmarks are difficult to identify. However, the allegations that ultrasound will shorten onset time and improve the quality of sensory block are unfounded. Scott A. Lang, FRCPC Department of Anaesthesia; Foothills Hospital; Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 2T9
Ureteral intramural metastatic deposit of prostate cancer with ureteric obstruction (2018)

True metastatic ureteric lesions are exceptionally rare when sourced from any primary tumour. Primary prostatic cancer metastasis to the ureter is understandably even more atypical with very few cases reported in current literature. True intramural ureteric metastatic disease deposited from prostate cancer is an even rarer occurrence. We present a case of a man in his mid-60s with left-sided hydronephrosis in the setting of biochemical recurrence of Gleason 9 prostate cancer. Initially misdiagnosed as obstruction secondary to mass effect from a large trigonal lesion, subsequent investigation revealed solid intramural metastatic deposit of prostate primary tumour in the distal ureter. We detail current hypotheses regarding the subsequent pathophysiology of the disease and its common clinical presentations. Our case highlights that prostatic metastasis should be considered as a differential in coexisting prostate cancer and ureteric obstruction despite its low incidence.
Stratified morphology of a polypropylene/elastomer blend following channel flow (2002)

Abstract A thermoplastic olefin blend consisting of isotactic polypropylene (PP) and an ethylene‐butene copolymer (EBR) impact modifier (25 wt % EBR) was subjected to a short, high‐shear pulse within the flow channel of a pressure‐driven microextruder following low‐shear channel filling from a reservoir of the melt. The resulting morphology was examined by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (LSCFM), with contrast provided by a fluorescent tracer in the EBR minor phase. Shear experiments were performed under isothermal conditions with a known wall shear stress for a specified duration, providing a well‐defined thermal and flow history. Low‐shear channel filling produces small droplets across the central region of the channel and large droplets, consistent with steady‐state shear, in the regions near the channel walls. After cooling the molten blend to a crystallization temperature of 153 °C, a brief interval (5 s ∼ 1/2000 of the quiescent crystallization time) of high shear (wall shear stress: 0.1 MPa) induces rapid, highly oriented crystallization and a stratified morphology. Ex situ LSCFM reveals a “skin” at the channel walls (∼70 μm) in which greatly elongated fiberlike droplets, oriented along the flow direction, are embedded in highly oriented crystalline PP. Further from the walls but directly beside the skin layers are surprising zones in which EBR domains show no deformation or orientation. Several zones of intermediate deformation and orientation at an angle to the flow direction are located closer to the center of the channel. At the center of the channel, EBR droplets are spherical, as expected for channel flow. The various strata are explained by the interplay of droplet deformation, breakup, and coalescence with the shear‐induced crystallization kinetics of the matrix. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2842–2859, 2002
Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning (2018)

We describe a new deep learning approach to cardinality estimation. MSCN is a multi-set convolutional network, tailored to representing relational query plans, that employs set semantics to capture query features and true cardinalities. MSCN builds on sampling-based estimation, addressing its weaknesses when no sampled tuples qualify a predicate, and in capturing join-crossing correlations. Our evaluation of MSCN using a real-world dataset shows that deep learning significantly enhances the quality of cardinality estimation, which is the core problem in query optimization.
Electrospun patch delivery of anti-TNFα F(ab) for the treatment of inflammatory oral mucosal disease (2022)

Chronic ulcerative oral mucosal inflammatory diseases, including oral lichen planus and recurrent aphthous stomatitis, are painful and highly prevalent, yet lack effective clinical management. In recent years, systemic biologic therapies, including monoclonal antibodies that block the activity of cytokines, have been increasingly used to treat a range of immune-mediated inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. The ability to deliver similar therapeutic agents locally to the oral epithelium could radically alter treatment options for oral mucosal inflammatory diseases, where pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular tumour-necrosis factor-α (TNFα), are major drivers of pathogenesis. To address this, an electrospun dual-layer mucoadhesive patch comprising medical-grade polymers was investigated for the delivery of F(ab) biologics to the oral mucosa. A fluorescent-labelled F(ab) was incorporated into mucoadhesive membranes using electrospinning with 97% v/v ethanol as a solvent. The F(ab) was detected within the fibres in aggregates when visualised by confocal microscopy. Biotinylated F(ab) was rapidly eluted from the patch (97 ± 5% released within 3 h) without loss of antigen-binding activity. Patches applied to oral epithelium models successfully delivered the F(ab), with fluorescent F(ab) observed within the tissue and 5.1 ± 1.5% cumulative transepithelial permeation reached after 9 h. Neutralising anti-TNFα F(ab) fragments were generated from whole IgG by papain cleavage, as confirmed by SDS-PAGE, then incorporated into patches. F(ab)-containing patches had TNFα neutralising activity, as shown by the suppression of TNFα-mediated CXCL8 release from oral keratinocytes cultured as monolayers. Patches were applied to lipopolysaccharide-stimulated immune-competent oral mucosal ulcer equivalents that contained primary macrophages. Anti-TNFα patch treatment led to reduced levels of active TNFα along with a reduction in the levels of disease-implicated T-cell chemokines (CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL10) to baseline concentrations. This is the first report of an effective device for the delivery of antibody-based biologics to the oral mucosa, enabling the future development of new therapeutic strategies to treat painful conditions.
NSAIDs: a clinical approach to the problems of gastrointestinal side‐effects (1988)

Despite the fact that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely used drugs in medicine today, 2-10% of patients must discontinue their use primarily due to gastrointestinal (GI) side-effects. While the development of non-aspirin NSAIDs (NA-NSAIDs) has significantly reduced GI side-effects, major problems persist. A practical clinical approach to these problems includes informing the patient about the risks and benefits of NSAIDs, risk management during treatment with NSAIDs and investigation of symptomatic side-effects during treatment. Prophylaxis of GI side-effects is feasible in selected populations, but it has not been studied widely and may not be cost-effective. At present, costs of prophylaxis in all but selected populations with multiple risks probably outweight the benefits.
Increase of chloroquine resistance in vivo of Plasmodium falciparum over two years in Edea, south Cameroon (1992)

Journal Article Increase of chloroquine resistance in vivo of Plasmodium falciparum over two years in Edea, south Cameroon Get access Bert Mulder, Bert Mulder 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Wageningen and Department of Medical Parasitology, University of Nijmegen, P.B. 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands2ORSTOM/OCEAC, P.B. 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pierre Gazin, Pierre Gazin 2ORSTOM/OCEAC, P.B. 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Teunis A. Eggelte, Teunis A. Eggelte 3Royal Tropical Institute, N.H. Swellengrebel Laboratory for Tropical Hygiene, Meibergdreef 39, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michel Cot Michel Cot 2ORSTOM/OCEAC, P.B. 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 86, Issue 4, July-August 1992, Page 376, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(92)90226-3 Published: 01 July 1992 Article history Received: 12 November 1991 Accepted: 05 December 1991 Published: 01 July 1992
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MERCURY CADMIUM SULPHIDE THIN FILMS (2010)

The precursor bis-(morpholinodithioato-s,s’)-Cd-Hg was prepared and the thin films of mercury cadmium sulphide were deposited on sodalime glass substrate by Metallorganic Chemical Vapour Deposition (MOCVD) technique. The surface morphology was obtained using Stereoscan 430i LEICA Scanning Electron Microscope. The elemental analysis was carried out using Energy Disperse X-ray (EDX). The ratio of the elements in the prepared films obtained from the EDX was found to be Hg:Cd:S = 17.55:38.12:44.32, giving a stoichiometry of HgxCd(1-x)S(1-δ), δ = 0.20. . A direct band gap of 2.36 eV was obtained from the analysis of the absorption spectrum. Electrical characterization was carried out both in the dark and normal room illumination. The dark and room illumination conductivities were found to be of the same order (10 -6 Ω -1 cm -1 ) and the activation energy for both conditions are 0.12 eV and 0.19 eV respectively. The conductivity type was found to be p-type using the hot probe method.
Coordination Chemistry of Low-Valent Rhenium Polypyridyl Complexes:  Synthesis, Reactivity, and Electrochemistry (1996)

The complex Re(III)(benzil)(PPh(3))Cl(3) (2) is used to synthesize a variety of Re(III) and Re(II) polypyridyl complexes of the type cis-[Re(III)(L(2))(2)Cl(2)](+), [Re(II)(L(2))(3)](2+), Re(III)(L(3))Cl(3), [Re(III)(L(3))(2)Cl](2+), and [Re(III)(L(4))Cl(2)](+), where L(2) = bpy (3and 6), tbpy (4 and 7), phen (5 and 8); L(3) = terpy (9and 10); L(4) = TMPA (11). The complex cis-[Re(III)(bpy)(2)Cl(2)](+) (3) is a useful synthon in the formation of complexes of the type [Re(bpy)(2)L(x)()](n)()(+) that are six- or seven-coordinate Re(III) complexes (13, 16, and 18) or octahedral Re(II) or Re(I) complexes (12 and 17). The [Re(III)(terpy)(2)Cl](2+) (10) complex can be reduced to form the Re(I) complex, [Re(I)(terpy)(2)](+) (21) and then electrochemically reoxidized to form new complexes of the type [Re(III)(terpy)(2)L](n)()(+). Similar behavior is observed for the [Re(II)(bpy)(3)](2+) (6) complex where [Re(III)(bpy)(3)((t)BuNC)](3+) (20) and [Re(I)(bpy)(3)](+) (19) may be formed. The electrochemistry of these complexes is discussed in relation to their reactivity and the observed pi-acidity of the polypyridyl ligands. In addition, X-ray crystal structures for cis-[Re(III)(bpy)(2)Cl(2)]PF(6) (3) and [Re(I)(bpy)(3)]PF(6) (19) are reported. cis-[Re(III)(bpy)(2)Cl(2)]PF(6) (3, ReC(20)H(16)N(4)Cl(2)F(6)P) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with Z = 4 and lattice parameters a = 15.043(5) Å, b = 13.261(4) Å, c = 12.440(4) Å, and beta = 108.86(2) degrees at -100 degrees C. [Re(I)(bpy)(3)]PF(6) (19, ReC(30)H(24)N(6)F(6)P) crystallizes in the rhombohedral space group R&thremacr;c(h) (No. 167) with Z = 12 and lattice parameters a = 13.793(3) Å and c = 51.44(3) Å at -100 degrees C.
[Factors influencing the survival of children with Non-Hodgkin's disease]. (1996)

Based on the results of examinations and treatment of children aged under 15 years, the authors analyze the factors influencing the survival of patients with non-Hodgkin's disease. The stage, site, histological structure, cytological type of a tumor, signs of intoxication, levels of lactate dehydrogenase, total protein and albumin, sex, and the count of leukocytes were found to affect the survival of children with non-Hodgkin's disease. Moreover, in patients receiving, in addition to chemoradiation, therapy, interferon preparations, and T-activin, the survival was much higher than that in untreated children. Intensified treatment with higher-dose methotrexate largely altered the predictive value of the majority of these factors, as evidenced by the lower informative value while analyzing by the method of Shennon. The findings should be used in developing treatment regimens for children with non-Hodgkin's disease.
A project centered programming language course (1987)

A programming language course is difficult to organize because of the diversity of languages and concepts discussed. A Lisp-based project described here provides a unifying context within which to demonstrate programming language features such as data abstraction, packages, and overloading. This approach has proven to be a successful strategy in organizing a programming language course.
Internal damage assesment in concrete subjected to high hydrostatic pressure (2008)

International audience
Current and Novel Approaches to Treating Chondral Lesions (2009)

Total joint arthroplasty remains the most effective treatment to relieve pain and restore function in damaged and diseased joints; however, less invasive, more functional solutions are necessary for young, active patients who have chondral defects and are at the early stages of disease. Unfortunately, attempts at providing such a method have provided variable and often unsatisfactory outcomes. Unicondylar knee replacement, for example, is associated with a markedly higher rate of revision when compared with total knee arthroplasty, and there is a distinct probability of disease progression in the remaining joint compartments. Small metallic caps intended for filling the cartilage defects are commercially available, but the clinical follow-up of patients who have undergone this treatment is short. Although not yet in clinical use, synthetic polymeric implant scaffolds, with and without cell-seeding, are also under development. The biomechanical requirements for treating chondral lesions, like those of total knee arthroplasty, are wear and fixation. A lesion-filling implant must carry large joint loads without damaging the opposing tissue. Integration with surrounding cartilage and subchondral bone would enhance load-sharing and load transfer. The challenge of meeting these requirements is difficult, but new forms of computational models and in vitro tests can aid in establishing performance and in rapidly screening possible solutions.
Web Advertising and Marketing (1996)

Readers want books that help them learn to establish their market presence on the WWW, and take advantage of this graphical medium of the future to offer their products and services. This book is a reference work for those who wish to use the World Wide Web to advertise or market products or services.
Psychoeducation in bipolar patients with comorbid personality disorders (2004)

Psychoeducation may be a useful intervention for bipolar patients with comorbid personality disorders. Further studies should address the efficacy of specifically tailored interventions for this common type of patients.
Evaluation of the Violino-producing aptitude in does e chevon: slaughter performance and meat quality (2007)

The aim of this work was to determine the slaughter performance and some chemical and physical characteristics of dairy does whose thighs were used to make the traditional ham called violino and of chevons. Moreover, the aptitude to produce the violino by chevons slaughtered at the age of one year was assessed.The rate of animals suitable to produce the violino was 57% for the chevons. Physical parameters and chemical composition of the meat resulted similar between the two classes of animals. Thus, rearing some chevons in a dairy farm could be a further way to increase the incomes of the farmers.
Electrical properties of the graphene/4H-SiC(0001) interface probed by scanning current spectroscopy (2009)

The current transport across the graphene/$4H\text{-SiC}$ interface has been investigated with nanometric lateral resolution by scanning current spectroscopy on both epitaxial graphene (EG) grown on (0001) $4H\text{-SiC}$ and graphene exfoliated from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite deposited on the same substrate [deposited graphene (DG)]. This study reveals that the Schottky barrier height (SBH) of $\text{EG}/4H\text{-SiC}$ $(0.36\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\text{ }\text{eV})$ is $\ensuremath{\sim}0.49\text{ }\text{eV}$ lower than the SBH of $\text{DG}/4H\text{-SiC}$ $(0.85\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06\text{ }\text{eV})$. This result is discussed in terms of the Fermi-level pinning $\ensuremath{\sim}0.49\text{ }\text{eV}$ above the Dirac point in EG due to the presence of positively charged states at the interface between the Si face of $4H\text{-SiC}$ and the carbon-rich buffer layer, which is the precursor for EG formation.
Fermentation of Illigera aromatica with Clonostachys rogersoniana producing novel cytotoxic menthane-type monoterpenoid dimers (2017)

Five novel menthane-type monoterpenoid dimers were isolated from non-fermented and <italic>Clonostachys rogersoniana</italic> fermented <italic>Illigera aromatica</italic>.
Disruption of gingipain oligomerization into non-covalent cell-surface attached complexes (2012)

RgpA and Kgp gingipains are non-covalent complexes of endoprotease catalytic and hemagglutinin-adhesin domains on the surface of Porphyromonas gingivalis. A motif conserved in each domain has been suggested to function as an oligomerization motif. We tested this hypothesis by mutating motif residues to hexahistidine or insertion of hexahistidine tag to disrupt the motif within the Kgp catalytic domain. All modifications led to the secretion of entire Kgp activity into the growth media, predominantly in a form without functional His-tag. This confirmed the role of the conserved motif in correct posttranslational proteolytic processing and assembly of the multidomain complexes.
Opposing roles of RAGE and Myd88 signaling in extensive liver resection (2011)

In extensive liver resection secondary to primary or metastatic liver tumors, or in living donor liver transplantation, strategies to quell deleterious inflammatory responses and facilitate regeneration are essential. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and myeloid differentiating factor 88 (Myd88) are implicated in the inflammatory response. To establish the contributions of RAGE vs. Myd88 signaling in extensive liver resection, we probed the effect of RAGE and/or Myd88, the latter primarily a key transducer of major toll-like receptors and also implicated in interleukin-1 (Il1) signaling, in a murine model of extensive (85%) hepatectomy. We report that, although Myd88 is thoroughly essential for survival via regulation of NF-κB and TNF-α, deletion of RAGE significantly improved survival compared to wild-type, Myd88-null, or RAGE-null/Myd88-null mice. RAGE opposes Myd88 signaling at multiple levels: by suppression of p65 levels, thereby reducing activation of NF-κB and consequent production of cyclin D1, and by suppression of Il6-mediated phosphorylation of Stat3, thereby down-regulating Pim1 and suppressing the hyperplastic response. Further, RAGE-dependent suppression of glyoxalase1, a detoxification pathway for pre-AGEs, enhances AGE levels and suppresses Il6 action. We conclude that blockade of RAGE may rescue liver remnants from the multiple signals that preclude adaptive proliferation triggered primarily by Myd88 signaling pathways.
Use of multidisciplinary positive deviance seminars to improve efficiency in a high-volume arthroplasty practice: a pilot study (2023)

The recommendations and increased motivation owing to the individualized feedback reduced time spent per case, allowing more days to finish on time. Positive deviance seminars offer an inexpensive, efficient and collegial means for process improvement in the OR.
Pulsed Laser Illumination of Photovoltaic Cells (1994)

In future space missions, free electron lasers (FEL) may be used to illuminate photovoltaic receivers to provide remote power. Both the radio-frequency (RF) and induction FEL produce pulsed rather than continuous output. In this work we investigate cell response to pulsed laser light which simulates the RF FEL format. The results indicate that if the pulse repetition is high, cell efficiencies are only slightly reduced compared to constant illumination at the same wavelength. The frequency response of the cells is weak, with both voltage and current outputs essentially dc in nature. Comparison with previous experiments indicates that the RF FEL pulse format yields more efficient photovoltaic conversion than does an induction FEL format.