gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
O-glycan variability of egg-jelly mucins from Xenopus laevis: characterization of four phenotypes that differ by the terminal glycosylation of their mucins (2000)

Eggs from Xenopus laevis are surrounded by several layers of jelly that are needed for proper fertilization. Jelly coat is composed of high-molecular-mass glycoconjugates to which are bound many globular proteins. O-glycans released from the jelly coat of X. laevis have been partially described in previous studies. In this study, we compared the glycosylation pattern of the egg jelly coat isolated from six specimens of X. laevis. The O-glycans were released from jelly coats by alkali/borohydride treatment. Structural characterization was performed through a combination of one- and two-dimensional (1)H-NMR and methylation analysis. This allowed the description of a new family of sulphated O-glycans present in jelly coats of all X. laevis. However, the jelly O-glycans showed a low extent of polymorphism between specimens. This intra-specific variability was restricted to the terminal substitution of O-linked oligosaccharides. The differential expression of two glycosyltransferase [an alpha-(1-->4) galactosyltransferase and an alpha-(1-->3) fucosyltransferase] activities resulted in the characterization of four phenotypes of X. laevis. Furthermore, electrophoretic analysis suggested that the high-molecular-mass fraction of jelly coat was mostly composed of mucin-type glycoproteins. Blot analysis with lectins confirmed that the glycan variability was borne by these mucin-type components. However, fertilization assays suggested that the glycan polymorphism had no repercussion on egg fertilizability.
Pneumococcal vaccine for asthma (2002)

This review found very limited evidence to support the routine use of pneumococcal vaccine in people with asthma. A randomised trial of vaccine efficacy in children and adults with asthma is needed.
Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable block copolymers of ?-caprolactone and D,L-lactide initiated by potassium poly(ethylene glycol)ate (1997)

Poly(D,L-lactide)–poly(ϵ-caprolactone)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ϵ-caprolactone)–poly(D,L-lactide) block copolymer (PLA–PCL–PEG–PCL–PLA) was prepared by copolymerization of ϵ-caprolactone (ϵ-CL) and D,L-lactide (D,L-LA) initiated by potassium poly(ethylene glycol)ate in THF at 25°C. The copolymers with different composition were synthesized by adjusting the mole ratio of reaction mixture. The resulted copolymers were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, DSC, and GPC. Efforts to prepare copolymers with the corresponding structure of PCL–PLA–PEG–PLA–PCL and D,L-lactide/ϵ-caprolactone random copolymers were not successful. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Selective synthesis of 6,8-di-t-butylated flavan over Zn–Al containing mesoporous silica catalysts (2012)

We demonstrate a much green synthesis method for highly selective synthesis of 6,8-di-t-butylated flavan (6,8-DTBF) by liquid phase alkylation of 2,4-di-t-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) with cinnamyl alcohol (Cin-OH) over mesoporous Zn-Al-MCM-41 catalysts synthesized under direct basic hydrothermal method. The main alkylated product, 6,8-DTBF is importantly used as an intermediate in the manufacture of biosynthetic organic compounds. The recyclable mesoporous Zn-Al-MCM-41 catalysts have also been reused in this reaction to study their catalytic activities. The influences of various reaction parameters such as temperature, time, ratios of reactant (2,4-DTBP-to-Cin-OH) have been extensively investigated for the synthesis of 6,8-DTBF. In addition, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has also been used as a solvent in this catalytic reaction. The mesoporous Zn-Al-MCM-41(75) gives excellent catalytic activity with 6,8-DTBF selectivity (86.0%) and 2,4-DTBP conversion (63.1%), and these catalytic results have also compared with that obtained using other mesoporous and microporous catalysts. On the basis of catalytic activity obtained by using the all catalysts, the Zn-Al-MCM-41(75) catalyst is found to be a highly active, recyclable and eco-friendly heterogeneous catalyst in the liquid-phase alkylation of 2,4-DTBP.
'Today' messages (2003)

'Today' messages are short daily status emails sent by members of a project team to each other. Their original purpose was to take the place of status updates at meetings. However, they had the unexpected additional effect of increasing group task awareness at very low cost. We present the results of a small study of 'today' messages and their effect on group dynamics.
PT-symmetry in optics (2014)

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A matrix synthesis approach to thermal placement (1998)

In this paper, we consider the thermal placement problem for gate arrays. We introduce a new combinatorial optimization problem, matrix synthesis problem (MSP), to model the thermal placement problem. Given a list of mn nonnegative real numbers and an integer t, MSP constructs a m/spl times/n matrix out of the given numbers such that the maximum sum among all t/spl times/t submatrices is minimized. We show that MSP is NP-complete and present several provably good approximation algorithms for the problem. We also demonstrate that our thermal placement strategy is flexible enough to allow simultaneous consideration of other objectives such as wiring.
Radio Vortex–Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Communication Systems With High Capacity (2015)

As a potential technique to improve channel capacity, orbital angular momentum has been developed in the radio field. In this paper, a novel radio vortex-multiple-input multiple-output (RV-MIMO) system is proposed to provide high capacity in free space. In particular, the vortex channel of the proposed system is modeled. Based on this model, the optimal vortex phase is derived, which results in the optimal capacity of the proposed RV-MIMO system. Simulation results show that the proposed RV-MIMO system could achieve higher capacity than the MIMO system in free space.
A Simple Aplysia-Like Spiking Neural Network to Generate Adaptive Behavior in Autonomous Robots (2008)

In this article, we describe an adaptive controller for an autonomous mobile robot with a simple structure. Sensorimotor connections were made using a three-layered spiking neural network (SNN) with only one hidden-layer neuron and synapses with spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). In the SNN controller, synapses from the hidden-layer neuron to the motor neurons received presynaptic modulation signals from sensory neurons, a mechanism similar to that of the withdrawal reflex circuit of the sea slug, Aplysia. The synaptic weights were modified dependent on the firing rates of the presynaptic modulation signal and that of the hidden-layer neuron by STDP. In experiments using a real robot, which uses a similar simple SNN controller, the robot adapted quickly to the given environment in a single trial by organizing the weights, acquired navigation and obstacle-avoidance behavior. In addition, it followed dynamical changes in the environment. This associative learning scheme can be a new strategy for constructing adaptive agents with minimal structures, and may be utilized as an essential mechanism of an SNN ensemble that binds multiple sensory inputs and generates multiple motor outputs.
(1S,3R,8R)-2,2-Dibromo-3,7,7,10-tetramethyltricyclo[6.4.0.01,3]dodec-9-en-11-one (2012)

The title compound, C16H22Br2O, was synthesized from β-himachalene (3,5,5,9-tetra-methyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8-hexa-hydro-1H-benzocyclo-heptene), which was isolated from the essential oil of the Atlas cedar (Cedrus Atlantica). The mol-ecule is built up from fused six- and seven-membered rings and an additional three-membered ring from the reaction of himachalene with dibromo-carbene. The six-membered ring has an envelope conformation, with the C atom belonging to the three-membered ring forming the flap, whereas the seven-membered ring displays a screw-boat conformation; the dihedral angle between the rings (all atoms) is 60.92 (16)°.
Newer thrombolytic drugs for acute myocardial infarction. (1998)

Arterial thrombosis is the underlying cause of a wide variety of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, stroke and pulmonary thromboembolism. All the currently used thrombolytic agents are plasminogen activators, which are very efficient in restoring the blood flow. The fibrinolytic system comprises an inactive proenzyme plasminogen, that is converted by plasminogen activators to the enzyme plasmin, that degrades fibrin. Despite the widespread use of established thrombolytic agents such as streptokinase, tissue-plasminogen activator and urokinase, all these agents suffer from a number of inadequacies including resistance to reperfusion, occurrence of acute coronary reocclusion and bleeding complications. The quest continues for thrombolytic agents with a higher potency, specific thrombolytic activity and fibrin selectivity. Several lines of research towards improvement of thrombolytic agents are being explored including the construction of mutants and variants of plasminogen activators, chimeric plasminogen activators and conjugates of plasminogen activators with monoclonal antibodies. Newer molecules such as pro-urokinase, saruplase, alteplase, K1K2Pu and staphylokinase have shown promise in animal models of arterial and venous thrombosis and also in pilot scale clinical studies in patients with myocardial infarction. However, more clinical trials are needed to determine whether these novel recombinant thrombolytic agents shows improved efficacy and fibrin specificity with minimal bleeding tendencies.
Functional involvement of central cholinergic circuits and visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease (2009)

Visual hallucinations (VHs) represent a frequent and disturbing complication of Parkinson's disease. Evidence suggests that VH can be related to central cholinergic dysfunction. Short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) technique gives the opportunity to test an inhibitory cholinergic circuit in the human cerebral motor cortex. This inhibition of motor-evoked potentials can be observed when transcranial magnetic stimulation is delivered with a delay ranging from 2 to 8 ms, after a peripheral nerve afferent input has reached the somatosensory cortex. We applied SAI technique in 10 non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease with VHs, in 12 non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease without VHs (NVH-pts) and in 11 age-matched normal controls. All patients with Parkinson's disease underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests to assess frontal and visuospatial functions, memory and attention. SAI was significantly reduced in patients with VHs compared with controls and patients without VHs. Neuropsychological examination showed a mild cognitive impairment in 16 out of 22 patients with Parkinson's disease. In addition, we found that in our patients with VHs, performance of some tasks evaluating visuospatial functions and attentional/frontal lobe functions was significantly more impaired than in patients without VHs. SAI abnormalities, presence of VH and neuropsychological results strongly support the hypothesis of cholinergic dysfunction in some patients with Parkinson's disease, who will probably develop a dementia. A follow-up study of our patients is required to verify whether SAI abnormalities can predict a future severe cognitive decline. Moreover, SAI can also be very useful to follow-up the efficacy of anti-cholinesterase therapies.
Large-scale single-cell cloning of genome-edited cultured human cells by On-chip SPiS (2023)

Single-cell cloning is the simplest strategy to isolate genome-edited cell clones, although its scalability has been an issue. Here, we present a protocol to establish genome-edited human cultured cell clones using the On-chip SPiS, a single-cell auto-dispensing device with image recognition technology. Human cultured cells are transfected with plasmids of the CRISPR-Cas9 components, and Cas9-expressing cells are sorted and individually plated into multi-well plates by the On-chip SPiS. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Takahashi et al. (2022).<sup>1</sup>.
A study of liquid bridge dynamics: an application to micro-assembly (2010)

Micro-assembly processes suffer from some breaches due to the continuing trend towards an increase in the production capabilities as well as in the size reduction of the components manipulated. Usual manipulating schemes have reached their limit and capillary forces constitute a valuable alternative strategy.&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The goal of this work is to describe the dynamics of liquid bridges in the application of micro-assembly processes. The description is obtained using the Kelvin-Voigt model, with a spring, a damper, and a mass connected in parallel, supported by numerical simulations, analytical approximations and experiments.&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The works is divided into three parts. First we present important aspects of microfluidics, as well as the constitutive equations and an overview of numerical approaches used to describe fluid flow problems with moving interfaces.&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second part is devoted to the capillary rise case, intended to validate and to compare the numerical approaches to analytical laws and experimental results. The implementation of the slipping and the dynamic contact angles is discussed.&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The last part focuses on the dynamics of the liquid bridge. The liquid bridge is confined between two circular and parallel plates and presents an axial symmetry. The description reveals that the stiffness depends on the surface tension and on the shape of the air/liquid interface, the damping coefficient depends on the viscosity and the volume of liquid and the equivalent mass depends on the density and the volume.&lt;p&gt;
Abstract 5282: Pretargeted immunoPET for imaging human colonic cancer in a mouse model (2011)

Abstract Objective: Molecular imaging with pretargeting bispecific antibodies allows rapid and specific targeting of tumors for PET imaging. In this study, pretargeted immunoPET with a bispecific monoclonal anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; CEACAM5) × anti-hapten antibody (bsMAb) and a small (1.5 kD) peptide labeled with a short-lived positron-emitter 68Ga was compared to FDG for detection of intraperitoneal CEA-expressing human colonic tumor xenografts in nude mice. Methods: In BALB/c nude mice LS174T human colonic tumor cells were injected intraperitoneally. One group (n=5) received 5 MBq FDG i.v., and another group (n=5) received the bsMAb i.v. and 5 MBq of 68Ga-labeled peptide i.v. 16 h later. One hour after the injection of the peptide or FDG, PET/CT images were acquired. One day later the same procedure was repeated vice versa, and after microPET imaging the uptake of the 68Ga or 18F in dissected tissue was determined. Results: Within one hour, specific tumor targeting of 68Ga-labeled peptide (23.4 ± 7.2% ID/g) combined with the low background activity levels resulted in the clear visualization of the small intra-abdominal tumor lesions (1.5-5 mm). High tumor/background radioactivity concentration ratios were obtained (e.g. tumor/intestines 57.5 ± 22.4). FDG localized efficiently in the tumors (8.7 ± 3.1 % ID/g), but with physiological uptake in various normal tissues (ratio tumor/intestines 4.0 ± 0.9). Conclusion: Pretargeted immunoPET performs exceptionally well with short-lived radionuclides, and is a highly sensitive procedure for dectection of small tumor deposits that is also more specific than FDG-PET. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5282. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5282
Praxiswissen Radar und Radarsignalverarbeitung (1998)

Den Anstoß zu diesem Buch gab der in der Industriepraxis beobachtete Mangel an solcher Radar-Literatur, die den Systemplaner, den Entwicklungsingenieur und den interessierten Anwender theoretisch ausr
Low‐Temperature Sintering and Microwave Dielectric Properties of the Zn 2 SiO 4 Ceramics (2008)

B 2 O 3 was added to nominal composition Zn 1.8 SiO 3.8 (ZS) ceramics to decrease their sintering temperature for application to low‐temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) devices. B 2 O 3 reacted with SiO 2 to form a liquid phase containing SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 . The composition and melting temperature of the liquid phase depended on the sintering temperature and the B 2 O 3 content. The specimen containing 20.0 mol% of B 2 O 3 sintered at 900°C exhibited high microwave dielectric properties of Q × f =53 000 GHz, ɛ r =5.7, and τ f =−16 ppm/°C, confirming the promising potential of the B 2 O 3 ‐added ZS ceramics as candidate materials for the LTCC devices.
Autocrine stimulatory mechanism by transforming growth factor beta in human hepatocellular carcinoma. (2000)

The serum concentration of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is elevated as tumors progress in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. In this study, we examined whether modulation of tumor-derived TGF-beta signal transduction contributes to malignant progression. We investigated the production of TGF-beta1, the biological effects of TGF-beta and neutralizing antibody on HCC cells, activation of Smad 2, Smad 3, and Smad 4, induction of antagonistic Smads (Smad 6 and Smad 7), and promoter activities of two target genes, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and p15INK4B. In human cell lines HCC-M and HCC-T, TGF-beta accelerates their proliferation. Smad 2 was activated constitutively by an autocrine mechanism, because in the absence of exogenous TGF-beta, a high level of Smad 2 phosphorylation, induction of PAI-1 transcripts, and nuclear localization of Smad 2 were observed. This constitutive activation of Smad 2 was, at least in part, attributable to the lack of induction of antagonistic Smads by TGF-beta. However, Smads activated by tumor-derived TGF-beta constantly suppressed p151NK4B expression. In addition, 3 of 10 human HCC tissues showed nuclear localization of Smad 2 and low mRNA levels of p15INK4B and antagonistic Smads but a high level of PAI-1. Our observations suggest that this constant suppression of the p15INK4B gene could be involved in the malignant progression of HCC.
The transformational impact of site-specific DNA modifiers on biomedicine and agriculture (2018)

The development of genetically modified livestock has been dependent on incremental technological advances such as embryo transfer, homologous recombination, and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). This development rate has increased exponentially with the advent of targeted gene modifiers such as zinc finger nucleases, TAL-effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas). CRISPR-Cas based systems in particular have broad applicability, and have low technical and economic barriers for their implementation. As a result, they are having, and will continue to have, a transformational impact in the field of gene editing in domestic animals. With these advances also comes the responsibility to properly apply this technology so it has a beneficial effect throughout all levels of society.
Divergent roles of growth factors in the GnRH regulation of puberty in mice (2010)

Pubertal onset, initiated by pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), only occurs in a favorable, anabolic hormonal milieu. Anabolic factors that may signal nutritional status to the hypothalamus include the growth factors insulin and IGF-1. It is unclear which hypothalamic neuronal subpopulation these factors affect to ultimately regulate GnRH neuron function in puberty and reproduction. We examined the direct role of the GnRH neuron in growth factor regulation of reproduction using the Cre/lox system. Mice with the IR or IGF-1R deleted specifically in GnRH neurons were generated. Male and female mice with the IR deleted in GnRH neurons displayed normal pubertal timing and fertility, but male and female mice with the IGF-1R deleted in GnRH neurons experienced delayed pubertal development with normal fertility. With IGF-1 administration, puberty was advanced in control females, but not in females with the IGF-1R deleted in GnRH neurons, in control males, or in knockout males. These mice exhibited developmental differences in GnRH neuronal morphology but normal number and distribution of neurons. These studies define the role of IGF-1R signaling in the coordination of somatic development with reproductive maturation and provide insight into the mechanisms regulating pubertal timing in anabolic states.
Case study of a humidity layer above Arctic stratocumulus and potential turbulent coupling with the cloud top (2021)

Abstract. Specific humidity inversions (SHIs) above low-level cloud layers have been frequently observed in the Arctic. The formation of these SHIs is usually associated with large-scale advection of humid air masses. However, the potential coupling of SHIs with cloud layers by turbulent processes is not fully understood. In this study, we analyze a 3 d period of a persistent layer of increased specific humidity above a stratocumulus cloud observed during an Arctic field campaign in June 2017. The tethered balloon system BELUGA (Balloon-bornE moduLar Utility for profilinG the lower Atmosphere) recorded vertical profile data of meteorological, turbulence, and radiation parameters in the atmospheric boundary layer. An in-depth discussion of the problems associated with humidity measurements in cloudy environments leads to the conclusion that the observed SHIs do not result from measurement artifacts. We analyze two different scenarios for the SHI in relation to the cloud top capped by a temperature inversion: (i) the SHI coincides with the cloud top, and (ii) the SHI is vertically separated from the lowered cloud top. In the first case, the SHI and the cloud layer are coupled by turbulence that extends over the cloud top and connects the two layers by turbulent mixing. Several profiles reveal downward virtual sensible and latent heat fluxes at the cloud top, indicating entrainment of humid air supplied by the SHI into the cloud layer. For the second case, a downward moisture transport at the base of the SHI and an upward moisture flux at the cloud top is observed. Therefore, the area between the cloud top and SHI is supplied with moisture from both sides. Finally, large-eddy simulations (LESs) complement the observations by modeling a case of the first scenario. The simulations reproduce the observed downward turbulent fluxes of heat and moisture at the cloud top. The LES realizations suggest that in the presence of a SHI, the cloud layer remains thicker and the temperature inversion height is elevated.
Power control for underwater acoustic MC-CDMA communication networks using the improved PSO algorithm (2016)

Multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) can be applied in underwater acoustic communication networks to combat the narrow bandwidth of the underwater acoustic channel and multipath fading. Power control is one of the key technologies for the MC-CDMA communication networks. In this paper, we propose a multi-objective power control scheme based on improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for underwater acoustic MC-CDMA communication networks. The distance of different nodes to base station (BS) is not same, which can cause near-far effect. So we propose a fitness function which is consisted of power consumption and SINR (the signal to interference plus noise ratio) on the receiver. The method effective reduces the power consumption of nodes and decreases the near-far effect. Comparing with the scheme without power control, our results show that the proposed power control algorithm can be used in underwater acoustic channel. Not only the power consumption is lower, but also the bit error rate (BER) performances are better.