gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of grain elements and identification of best genotypes for Fe and P in Afghan wheat landraces (2016)

This study was carried out with the aim of developing the methodology to determine elemental composition in wheat and identify the best germplasm for further research. Orphan and genetically diverse Afghan wheat landraces were chosen and EDXRF was used to measure the content of some of the elements to establish elemental composition in grains of 266 landraces using 10 reference lines. Four elements, K, Mg, P, and Fe, were measured by standardizing sample preparation. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis using elemental composition data sets indicated that the Fe content has an opposite pattern to the other elements, especially that of K. By systematic analysis the best wheat germplasms for P content and Fe content were identified. In order to compare the sensitivity of EDXRF, the ICP method was also used and the similar results obtained confirmed the EDXRF methodology. The sampling method for measurement using EDXRF was optimized resulting in high-throughput profiling of elemental composition in wheat grains at low cost. Using this method, we have characterized the Afghan wheat landraces and isolated the best genotypes that have high-elemental content and have the potential to be used in crop improvement.
Integrated Traffic Control On Urban Arterials (2005)

This paper is based on the DRIVE project PRIMAVERA, the main aims of which are to develop, test and produce recommendations for the application of integrated traffic control and management measures incorporating: queue control, public transport priority, and environmental protection. Strategies will be be tested in the two case study cities of Leeds and Torino.
Solar-aware clustering in wireless sensor networks (2004)

Energy conservation plays a crucial in wireless sensor networks since such networks are designed to be placed in hostile and nonaccessible areas. While battery-driven sensors will run out of battery sooner or later, the use of renewable energy sources such as solar power or gravitation may extend the lifetime of a sensor network. We propose to utilize solar power in wireless sensor networks and extend LEACH a well-known cluster-based protocol for sensor networks to become solar-aware. The presented simulation results show that making LEACH solar-aware significantly extends the lifetime of sensor networks.
Analysis of a Unique Interaction between the Complement Regulatory Protein Factor H and the Periodontal PathogenTreponema denticola (2009)

Treponema denticola, a spirochete associated with periodontitis, is abundant at the leading edge of subgingival plaque, where it interacts with gingival epithelia. T. denticola produces a number of virulence factors, including dentilisin, a protease which is cytopathic to host cells, and FhbB, a unique T. denticola lipoprotein that binds complement regulatory proteins. Earlier analyses suggested that FhbB specifically bound to factor H (FH)-like protein 1 (FHL-1). However, by using dentilisin-deficient mutants of T. denticola, we found that T. denticola preferentially binds FH and not FHL-1, and that FH is then cleaved by dentilisin to yield an FH subfragment of approximately 50 kDa. FH bound to dentilisin-deficient mutants but was not cleaved and retained its ability to serve as a cofactor for factor I in the cleavage of C3b. To assess the molecular basis of the interaction of FhbB with FH, mutational analyses were conducted. Replacement of specific residues in widely separated domains of FhbB and disruption of a central alpha helix with coiled-coil formation probability attenuated or eliminated FH binding. The data presented here are the first to demonstrate the retention at the cell surface of a proteolytic cleavage product of FH. The precise role of this FH fragment in the host-pathogen interaction remains to be determined.
InstantCheck: Checking the Determinism of Parallel Programs Using On-the-Fly Incremental Hashing (2010)

Developing multithreaded programs in shared-memory systems is difficult. One key reason is the nondeterminism of thread interaction, which may result in one code input producing different outputs in different runs. Unfortunately, enforcing determinism by construction typically comes at a performance, hardware, or programmability cost. An alternative is to check during testing whether code is deterministic. This paper presents Instant Check, a novel technique that checks determinism with a very small runtime overhead while requiring only a minor hardware extension. During code testing, Instant-Check can check whether the code under test ends up in a deterministic state in various runs. The idea is to compute a 64-bit hash of the memory state and compare the hashes of different test runs that have the same input. If two runs have different hashes, Instant-Check reports state nondeterminism. For efficient operation, Instant Checkuses on-the-fly incremental hashing in hardware. The hash is kept in a per-core 64-bit register, which trivially supports virtualization, migration, and context switching. We use Instant Check to understand the determinism properties of 17 popular applications, including Sphinx3, PBZip2, PARSEC, and SPLASH-2. Instant Check incurs a negligible average runtime overhead of 0.3% over native testing runs. We also show how using Instant Check programmers can find bugs and discuss other applications of fast memory-state hashing. While using Instant Check, we found a real bug in the widely used PARSEC benchmark.
Organometallic chemical vapor deposition of silicon nitride films enhanced by atomic nitrogen generated from surface-wave plasma (2014)

Organometallic chemical vapor deposition of silicon nitride films enhanced by atomic nitrogen generated from surface-wave plasma is investigated. Feasibility of precursors of triethylsilane (TES) and bis(dimethylamino)dimethylsilane (BDMADMS) is discussed based on a calculation of bond energies by computer simulation. Refractive indices of 1.81 and 1.71 are obtained for deposited films with TES and BDMADMS, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the deposited film revealed that TES-based film coincides with the stoichiometric thermal silicon nitride.
The Upregulation of Cognate and Inducible Heat Shock Proteins in the Anoxic Turtle Brain (2004)

Because heat shock proteins (HSPs) have an important protective function against ischemia/anoxia in mammalian brain, the authors investigated the expression of Hsp72 and Hsc73 in the anoxia-surviving turtle brain. Unlike the mammalian brain, high levels of Hsp72 were found in the normoxic turtle brain. Hsp72 levels were significantly increased by 4 hours of anoxia, remained constant until 8 hours, and then decreased to baseline at 12 hours. By contrast, Hsc73 was progressively increased throughout 12 hours of anoxia. This differential expression suggests different protective roles: Hsp72 in the initial downregulatory transition phase, and Hsc73 in maintaining neural network integrity during the long-term hypometabolic phase.
The mammalian auditory hair cell: A simple electric circuit model (1998)

A model based on the potassium current pathway through the hair cell is used to analyze the electrical behavior of mammalian inner and outer hair cells. Without taking into account the effects of calcium it is possible to simulate experimental results concerning the shape and strength of the receptor potential and the frequency dependent ac (alternating current) and dc (direct current) components of the receptor current. This model and a simplified form of it are utilized to explain: (1) Transduction latencies: that the receptor potential follows a stimulating signal with a very short delay, under the assumption of a constant number of open K+ channels in the lateral part of the cell membrane. (2) Transduction gains: why higher potential changes are measured in inner hair cells than in outer hair cells, although the outer hair cells are expected to be exposed to higher stereociliary motions: in inner hair cells a decrease in the conductance of the basolateral membrane causes higher gain (receptor potential increases) and together with an increase of membrane capacitance slower reaction (a larger time constant). (3) Transduction channel kinetics: that the shortest (0.1 ms) as well as the longest (20 ms) possible open times of the transduction channels in the stereocilia have different frequency related effects on the shape of the receptor potentials.
Comparing the Scalability of the Cray T3E-600 and the Cray Origin 2000 Using SHMEM Routines (1998)

This paper presents relative scalability results for the Cray T3E-600 and the Cray Origin 2000 on five communication tests for a variety of message sizes and for 4, 8, 12, ..., 128 processors. The five communication tests were chosen to represent commonlyused communication patterns with low contention (accessing distant messages, a right shift and a binary tree broadcast) to communication patterns with high contention (a &amp;quot;basic&amp;quot; broadcast and an all-to-all). Both machines scaled roughly the same on all tests except the right shift with short messages where the T3E scaled significantly better than the Origin. However, it should be noted that the T3E outperformed the Origin 2000 for most of these tests. Keywords: Cray T3E-600; Cray Origin 2000; Relative scalability; Performance evaluation using SHMEM library. 1 Introduction The ability of a parallel computer to efficiently use large numbers of processors is an important performance criterion. Such a computer is often called &amp;quot;scalable&amp;quot;. ...
Sleep‐wake cycles in multi‐infarct dementia and dementia of the Alzheimer type (1991)

We monitored by actigraphs minute-by-minute activity of 10 patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID), 15 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), and 11 control volunteers for eight consecutive 24-hour periods to assess sleep-wake cycles and sleep quality. MID patients had disrupted sleep-wake cycles associated with decreased sleep quality. In contrast, ambulatory DAT patients maintained a relatively normal sleep-wake cycle that did not differ significantly from controls. There was no correlation between the severity of intellectual deterioration and the degree of sleep-wake cycle disintegration in either group of dementia patients.
Expression of a mammalian PCB-metabolizing cytochrome P-450 in Nicotiana tabacum (1991)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are resistant to metabolism in most animal species. The dog possesses the unique ability to metabolize and eliminate certain PCB congeners, as a result of the activity of the cytochrome P-450 isozyme PBD-2. An expressible cDNA coding for PBD-2 has been introduced into the genome of tobacco plants. PBD-2 cDNA and a screenable marker gene coding for neomycin phosphotransferase were introduced into tobacco leaf disks using a binary Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector system. Southern and Western blot analyses have confirmed chromosomal integration of the cDNA and expression of the PBD-2 polypeptide. Differential centrifugation and Western blot analyses have shown the PBD-2 protein to be associated with a membrane fraction in transgenic tobacco leaf homogenates. The authors goal is to develop transgenic plants in which the PBD-2 protein metabolizes PCBs, thus providing a novel method for bioremediation of PCB-contaminated soils.
Learning to select pseudo labels: a semi-supervised method for named entity recognition (2019)

Deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in named entity recognition (NER); the good performance, however, relies heavily on substantial amounts of labeled data. In some specific areas such as medical, financial, and military domains, labeled data is very scarce, while unlabeled data is readily available. Previous studies have used unlabeled data to enrich word representations, but a large amount of entity information in unlabeled data is neglected, which may be beneficial to the NER task. In this study, we propose a semi-supervised method for NER tasks, which learns to create high-quality labeled data by applying a pre-trained module to filter out erroneous pseudo labels. Pseudo labels are automatically generated for unlabeled data and used as if they were true labels. Our semi-supervised framework includes three steps: constructing an optimal single neural model for a specific NER task, learning a module that evaluates pseudo labels, and creating new labeled data and improving the NER model iteratively. Experimental results on two English NER tasks and one Chinese clinical NER task demonstrate that our method further improves the performance of the best single neural model. Even when we use only pre-trained static word embeddings and do not rely on any external knowledge, our method achieves comparable performance to those state-of-the-art models on the CoNLL-2003 and OntoNotes 5.0 English NER tasks.
Synthesis Alerts 09/01 (2001)

Synthesis Alerts is a monthly feature to help readers of Synthesis keep abreast of new reagents, catalysts, ligands, chiral auxiliaries, and protecting groups which have appeared in the recent literature. Emphasis is placed on new developments but established reagents, catalysts etc are also covered if they are used in novel and useful reactions. In each abstract, a specific example of a transformation is given in a concise format designed to aid visual retrieval of information.
Traffic-related Particles Are Associated with Elevated Homocysteine (2008)

Exposures to ambient particles, particularly from traffic, are associated with elevated plasma total homocysteine. Homocysteine may be a component or biological marker of the oxidation pathways underlying the effect of ambient particles on the cardiovascular system.
A reconfiguration algorithm for a double-loop token ring local area network (1988)

A distributed algorithm to reconfigure a double-loop token-ring local area network following topological changes is presented. Each node, upon detection of a broken link, attempts to use another link, and when this is not possible it connects its input and output lines to form a loopback. The nodes communicate only with their neighbors and base their actions on the messages they receive and on their local observations. The algorithm guarantees that at all times the network is organized to provide maximum possible connectivity among the nodes-either one loop that encompasses all nodes in the network or several subloops, each of which operates as a separate token-ring network. Tokens are generated or eliminated as necessary to result in one and only one token in each (sub)loop. The algorithm is formally specified and its properties are verified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Translational regulation of ANG II type 1 receptors in proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells (2005)

The current study examined angiotensin receptor (ATR) regulation in proliferating rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in culture. Radioligand competition analysis coupled with RNase protection assays (RPAs) revealed that angiotensin type 1a receptor (AT(1a)R) densities (B(max)) increased by 30% between 5 and 7 days in culture [B(max) (fmol/mg protein): day 5, 379 +/- 8.4 vs. day 7, 481 +/- 12, n = 3, P < 0.05] under conditions in which no significant changes in AT(1a)R mRNA expression occurred [in RPA arbitrary units (AU): day 5, 0.23 +/- 0.01 vs. day 7, 0.24 +/- 0.04, n = 4] or in mRNA synthesis determined by nuclear run-on assays [AU: day 5, 0.35 +/- 0.14 vs. day 7, 0.33 +/- 0.11, n = 5]. In contrast, polysome distribution analysis indicated that AT(1a)R mRNA was more efficiently translated in day 7 cells compared with day 5 [% of AT(1a)R mRNA in fraction 2 out of total AT1R mRNA recovered from the sucrose gradient: day 5, 20.9 +/- 9.9 vs. day 7, 56.8 +/- 5.6, n = 3, P < 0.001]. Accompanying the polysome shift was 50% less RNA-protein complex (RPC) formation between VSMC cytosolic RNA binding proteins in day 7 cells compared with 5-day cultures and the 5' leader sequence (5'LS) of the AT(1a)R [5'LS RPC (AU): day 5, 0.62 +/- 0.15 vs. day 7, 0.23 +/- 0.03; n = 4, P < 0.05] and also with exon 2 [Exon 2 RPC (AU): day 5, 35.0 +/- 5.7 vs. day 7, 17.2 +/- 3.6; n = 4, P < 0.05]. Taken together, these results suggest that AT(1a)R expression is regulated by translation during VSMC proliferation in part by RNA binding proteins that interact within exon 2 in the 5'LS of the AT(1a)R mRNA.
Miniature Gas-Circulating Machine (1993)

Proposed gas-circulating machine consists essentially of centrifugal pump driven by induction motor. Noncontact bearings suppress wear and contamination. Used to circulate helium (or possibly hydrogen or another gas) in regeneration sorption-compressor refrigeration system aboard spacecraft. Also proves useful in terrestrial applications in which long life, reliability, and low contamination essential.
Risk factor profiles and clinical outcomes for children and adults with pneumococcal infections in Singapore: A need to expand vaccination policy? (2019)

Invasive pneumococcal infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite the availability of pneumococcal vaccines. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the clinical syndromes, prognostic factors and outcomes for pneumococcal disease in adults and children in Singapore during the period before and after the introduction of the pneumococcal vaccine. We retrospectively analyzed a large cohort of patients admitted to the four main public hospitals in Singapore with S. pneumoniae infection between 1997 and 2013. A total of 889 (64% of all isolates identified in the clinical laboratories) cases were included in the analysis; 561 (63.1%) were adult (≥16 years) cases with a median age of 62 years and 328 (36.9%) were paediatric cases with a median age of 3 years. Bacteraemic pneumonia was the most common syndrome in both groups (69.3% vs. 44.2%), followed by primary bacteraemia without pneumonia (14.3% vs. 13.4%), meningitis (6.4% vs. 7.6%) and non-bacteraemic pneumonia (5.2% vs. 21%). The major serotypes in adults were 3, 4, 6B, 14, 19F and 23F whereas in children they were 14, 6B and 19F, accounting both for nearly half of pneumococcal disease cases. No particular serotype was associated with mortality or severity of the pneumococcal disease. Overall mortality rate was 18.5% in adults and 3% in children. Risk factors for mortality included acute cardiac events in adults, meningitis in children and critical illness and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates in both adults and children. Penicillin resistance was not associated with increased mortality. Our results agree with global reports that the course of pneumococcal disease and its clinical outcome were more severe in adults than in children. The main serotypes causing invasive disease were mostly covered by the vaccines in use. The high mortality rates reflect an urgent need to increase vaccination coverage in both adults and children to tackle this vaccine-preventable infection.
Rate-distortion optimized video streaming with adaptive playout (2003)

We propose a new scheme for streaming media systems that combines adaptive media playout (AMP) with rate-distortion (R-D)optimized packet transmission. AMP, the client-controlled, adaptive modification of the media playout rate, allows us to flexibly adjust the playout deadlines of individual packets, and can therefore reduce reconstruction distortion. This added flexibility incurs a subjective cost, however. We introduce functions that assess the subjective cost of a schedule of playout rate modifications, and we show how to optimize the schedule with respect to these costs and distortion. Because the optimal playout rate schedule and the R-D optimal transmission schedule are interdependent, we solve the two problems jointly. In simulations that model a receiver-driven scenario, results for a short media clip show a more than 2 dB improvement in mean PSNR for R-D optimized transmission scheduling combined with a moderate amount of AMP, over R-D optimized transmission scheduling alone.
Control of Methane from Municipal Solid Waste Landfills by Injection of Lime And Flyash (2018)

Pressure injection grouting of lime slurry has been used for a variety of purposes. This technique has been used with lime/flyash slurries for prevention of methane gas formation and stabilization at sanitary landfills. In the landfills the grout is injected such that all or most of the void space is filled with the slurry. Gas composition was analyzed monthly for methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen. After sampling, analysis was performed using a Perkin-Elmer 900 gas chromatograph (GC). Volatile organic compounds were analyzed by GC/MS using EPA Method 624. The volume of leachate was measured and one liter samples were obtained for leachateccition analyses. Parameters measured in analyses of the leachate consisted of pH, alkalinity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), total solids, total volatile solids and metals (Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn). These analyses were performed according to Standard Methods.
Life‐threatening hemorrhage associated with dental implant surgery: a review of the literature (2015)

Surgeons must be aware of the risk of severe bleedings during implant surgery and should immediately refer patients to a specialized clinic in suspicious or proved cases.
Modeling and Boundary Control of a Hanging Cable Immersed in Water (2013)

A nonlinear distributed parameter system model governing the motion of a cable with an attached payload immersed in water is derived. The payload is subject to a drag force due to a constant water stream velocity. Such a system is found, for example, in deep sea oil exploration, where a crane mounted on a ship is used for construction and thus positioning of underwater parts of an offshore drilling platform. The equations of motion are linearized, resulting in two coupled, one-dimensional wave equations with spatially varying coefficients and dynamic boundary conditions of second order in time. The wave equations model the normal and tangential displacements of cable elements, respectively. A two degree of freedom controller is designed for this system with a Dirichlet input at the boundary opposite to the payload. A feedforward controller is designed by inverting the system using a Taylor-series, which is then truncated. The coupling is ignored for the feedback design, allowing for a separate design for each direction of motion. Transformations are introduced, in order to transform the system into a cascade of a partial differential equation (PDE) and an ordinary differential equation (ODE), and PDE backstepping is applied. Closed-loop stability is proven. This is supported by simulation results for different cable lengths and payload masses. These simulations also illustrate the performance of the feedforward controller.
Disentangling multi-object operations (extended abstract) (1997)

We consider the problem of implementing atomic operations on multiple shared memory objects, in systems which directly support only single-object atomic operations.
Improved modeling of isolated EDMOS in advanced CMOS technologies (2013)

Based on systematic measurements in CMOS 40 nm bulk technology, we propose a new model for isolated Extended-Drain MOS (EDMOS) transistor. Our custom Spice macro-model includes main specific effects in high-voltage devices. In particular, the model accounts for the various parasitic bipolar components (PBCs) that are fully characterized. This model can cover various architectures, from bulk-Si to FDSOI.