gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A prototype system for the electronic storage and retrieval of document images (1985)

A prototype system has been implemented for electronic scanning, digitization, storage, retrieval, and display of images of biomedical documents. Paper documents are scanned and digitized at a scan density of 200 picture elements (pels) per inch by either a high-speed loose-leaf scanner with an automatic document transport or a book scanner with a manual book holder. Each scanner employs a high-resolution charge-coupled device (CCD) linear array operating at a sampling rate close to 10 MHz. The analog output signal of the CCD array is digitized into 1 bit per pixel two-tone images by means of dynamic thresholding. The digitized images are stored on magnetic disks to be processed and will eventually be transferred onto optical disks for archival storage. Existing on-line bibliographic databases developed by the National Library of Medicine are used as directories for the retrieval of document images. These images are displayed at a resolution of 200 pels/inch in both soft-copy (raster-refreshed CRT) and hard-copy forms. This prototype system, developed as part of a research and development program, offers the opportunity to investigate the areas of document image enhancement, image compression, and omnifont text recognition and to conduct experiments designed to answer key questions on the role of electronic document storage and retrieval technology in library information processing and the preservation of library documents.
First clinical experience with a novel optical-ultrasound imaging device on various skin pathologies (2021)

Abstract Objectives A compact handheld skin ultrasound imaging device has been developed that uses co-registered optical and ultrasound imaging to provide diagnostic information about the full skin depth and lesions encountered therein. The aim of the current work is to present the first clinical results of the device. Using additional photographic, dermoscopic and ultrasonic images as reference, the images from the device are assessed in terms of the detectability of the skin layer boundaries (between the epidermis, dermis, and subcutis), and in terms of image features produced by common skin lesions. Methods Combined optical-ultrasonic recordings of various types of common skin lesions (melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, keratosis, dermatofibroma, naevus, dermatitis, psoriasis) were taken with the device (N = 53) and compared with images from a reference portable skin ultrasound imager. The investigator and two additional independent experts evaluated and compared the images in terms of skin structure detectability and skin lesion features. Results Skin structure detectability was unanimously over 90 % for epidermis, dermis and lesion. Morphological and echogenicity information observed for melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, keratoses, dermatofibroma, naevi, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis were found consistent with those of the reference ultrasound device and relevant ultrasound images in the literature. Conclusions The presented device is able to obtain simultaneous in-vivo optical and ultrasound images of common skin lesions. This has the potential to provide relevant information in a number of settings to be investigated in the future, including preoperative planning of skin cancer treatment.
Grain refinement and high precipitation hardening by combining microalloying and accelerated cooling (2006)

Critical parameters that affect both the ferrite grain size and the precipitation kinetics during hot rolling Nb-bearing steel were studied. Accelerated cooling was applied after the last pass of finishing rolling. In all cases the Nb(C,N) precipitation was strongly retarded, increasing the precipitation hardening by the formation of fine precipitates. Moreover a non-negligible amount of Nb remained in solution. Nb(C,N) precipitation occurred during annealing cold rolled steel, causing secondary hardening.
[Manifestations of the "pretherapeutic phase" of malignant melanoma of the skin in Switzerland 1996-1998]. (2001)

62 patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma were interviewed from 1996 to 1998. Lesions were found mostly on patients backs (30.6%) and they were noted most frequently because of a change in colour (darker) (50%) and increase in size (43.5%). The median time between first noticing the melanoma and visiting a physician was one month, but for 28% of the patients it was more than three months. The median time between a medical examination and surgical removal was shorter than one month, but for 22% of the patients it was more than three months. Patients with bleeding lesions sought medical help later (14 months). Misdiagnosis led to a six months delay in treatment and if no action was taken there was a 13 months delay.
Buoyant surface discharges into unsteady ambient flows (1996)

The dynamics of buoyant surface discharges into unsteady ambient crossflows have been studied in a schematic experiment, simulating the specific case of tidally reversing flows. The time evolution of the discharge is shown to be uniquely related to the jet-to-unsteady-crossflow scale measures: a length scale Lu = (M0/| dua/dt|)13 and time scale Tu = (M0/| dua/ dt|4)16 which relate the discharge momentum flux M0 to the reversal rate of the ambient dna/dt. The experiments show that jet parameters, such as the buoyancy build-up around reversal and the unsteady trajectory deflection, can be represented in a reasonably self-similar fashion if these scales are used for normalization.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparations, X‐Ray Crystal Structures, and FT‐Raman Spectra of M3Cl3AsF6 (M: S, Se) Containing the Novel Sulfur‐Chlorine and Selenium‐ Chlorine Cations ClS+(Cl)SSCl and ClSe+(Cl)SeSeCl. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Biocompatibility testing and function of a pancreatic prosthesis consisting of viable pancreatic islets encapsulated in PVA macrocapsules]. (1999)

The application of semipermeable membranes for immunoisolation of living pancreatic islets is an interesting alternative for treatment in diabetes mellitus patients. The aim of this work was in vivo evaluation of biocompatibility of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) macrocapsules and of the polyethylene foil itself as well. To establish the value of the artificial prosthesis made from settled with viable pancreatic islets (PVA) macrocapsules the glucose plasma levels were analyzed versus time after implantation into peritoneal cavity of rats with alloxane-induced diabetes. The results of the experiment revealed the progressive disadvantageous alterations of PVA hydrogel membrane resulting in decrease of permeability of albumin and glucose. The histologic examination of the cellular enzyme activities to estimate the intensity of inflammation in surrounding tissues showed changes typical or chronic proliferative inflammation. The correct function of artificial prosthesis of the pancreas manifested in normalization glucose plasma level has been observed for from 14 to 42 days after implantation.
Protein glycosylation (1993)

During the last decade, there have been enormous advances in our knowledge of glycoproteins and the stage has been set for the biotechnological production of many of them for therapeutic use. These advances are reviewed, with special emphasis on the structure and function of the glycoproteins (excluding the proteoglycans). Current methods for structural analysis of glycoproteins are surveyed, as are novel carbohydrate-peptide linking groups, and mono- and oligo-saccharide constituents found in these macromolecules. The possible roles of the carbohydrate units in modulating the physicochemical and biological properties of the parent proteins are discussed, and evidence is presented on their roles as recognition determinants between molecules and cells, or cell and cells. Finally, examples are given of changes that occur in the carbohydrates of soluble and cell-surface glycoproteins during differentiation, growth and malignancy, which further highlight the important role of these substances in health and disease.
iPS cell technologies toward overcoming neurological diseases (2022)

Neurological diseases are often life threatening, with severely affecting an individual's quality of life. However, the disease mechanisms are still less understood, mainly because of lacking good disease models. Over the past decades, researchers developed many models using cell lines or animals, but most of them did not faithfully recapitulate the disease phenotypes. In particular, it is almost impossible to create animal models for multifactorial diseases or sporadic cases of unknown etiology. In these circumstances, it has come to be expected that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can revolutionize neurological disease research as they retain patient's genetic information and provide an expandable source of disease-relevant neurons and glial cells. iPSC technologies are now widely used for disease modeling, and further for drug discovery and regenerative medicine. They are also enabling previously infeasible studies such as those uncovering how disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and genetic variants increase the disease risk. This review describes a variety of iPSC technologies to produce various types of neurons and brain-like tissues (brain organoids) and summarize recent trends in iPSC technology-based neurological disease research. We also discuss the remaining challenges for understanding and overcoming brain disorders.
Magnetic properties of LaFe2−xCoxSi: A new two-phase naturally formed composite alloy (2023)

We report the effect of Fe by Co substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of the two-phase “composite” alloy LaFe2−xCoxSi as prepared by the suction casting technique. This alloy contains LaFe13−x−yCoxSiy (cubic NaZn13-type) and LaFe1−xCoxSi (tetragonal CeFeSi-type) as constituents, with a compositional ratio between the two phases of ≈40 wt. % NaZn13-type and ≈60 wt. % CeFeSi-type; this ratio remains relatively the same for all the compositions investigated despite the Co content. As expected, while the Co-doping in LaFe2−xCoxSi increases the Curie temperature from 199 K (at H = 20 kOe) and 215 K (at H = 50 kOe) for the pure LaFe2Si, to 274 K (at H = 20 kOe) and 277 K (at H = 50 kOe) for the Co substituted LaFe1.7Co0.3Si alloy, it has the opposite effect on the magnetocaloric effect, reported in terms of the magnetic entropy change (ΔSM), which decreases with increasing the Co content. The full width at the half-maximum value of magnetic entropy changes also increases significantly with Co doping going from 14 K (at H = 20 kOe) in the pure LaFe2Si alloy to 46 K (at H = 20 kOe) in the Co-doped LaFe2−xCoxSi. The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of LaFe2−xCoxSi alloys for x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 are discussed in this article.
Ultra‐compact highly selective quasi‐elliptic filters based on combining dual‐mode SIW and coplanar waveguides in a single cavity (2017)

Two bandpass filters (BPFs) are implemented on a single dual‐mode square‐shaped substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity with two etched coplanar waveguides. The proposed BPFs can achieve two transmission zeros (TZs) using dual modes in the SIW cavity (i.e. TE 102 and TE 201 ) with non‐resonating mode (i.e. fundamental TE 101 ), which provides a direct input‐to‐output coupling. Moreover, the positions of the two TZs can be tuned by changing the positions of input and output ports. Moreover, an extra TZ with controllable position is also achieved by using controllable electric and magnetic mixed coupling; and the TZ also can be split into two TZs for the mixed cross‐coupling paths. The BPFs with the controllable TZs improve the selectivity and out‐of‐band rejection. The designed BPFs have a centre frequency of 5.8 GHz. The measured results agree with the simulated ones.
Uncoupling of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Perivascular Adipose Tissue of Diet-Induced Obese Mice (2015)

Diet-induced obesity leads to l-arginine deficiency and eNOS uncoupling in PVAT. The combination therapy with l-arginine and arginase inhibitors may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for obesity-induced vascular disease.
Effect of small interfering RNA on the expression of connective tissue growth factor and type I and III collagen in skin fibroblasts of patients with systemic sclerosis (2006)

Our data for the first time showed that CTGF RNA interference could inhibit expression of CTGF and type I and III collagen in SSc fibroblasts and indicated that CTGF might be an upstream factor regulating type I and type III collagen synthesis, particularly type I collagen. Our findings suggest that silencing CTGF expression might facilitate a potential therapeutic approach for SSc.
Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Borylative Cyclization for the Synthesis of Quinazolinones (2021)

Abstract Quinazolinones are common substructures in molecules of medicinal importance. We report an enantioselective copper‐catalyzed borylative cyclization for the assembly of privileged pyrroloquinazolinone motifs. The reaction proceeds with high enantio‐ and diastereocontrol, and can deliver products containing quaternary stereocenters. The utility of the products is demonstrated through further manipulations.
An LMI approach to the sliding mode static output feedback problem (1999)

This paper describes a variable structure control design methodology for multi-input uncertain dynamic systems using only the plant output information. The class of systems to which this method applies is addressed. Static output feedback is utilized in the design of the switching surface, while a novel LMI based optimization approach is employed in the construction of the control law. The efficacy of the algorithms is demonstrated on a non-trival design example; the regulation of the state trajectories of an unstable 8th-order helicopter model.
Control Approach for the Multi-Terminal HVDC System for the Accurate Power Sharing (2017)

This paper presents a new control strategy for voltage source converter based Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current (MTDC) systems. The proposed control approach ensures accurate power sharing between the droop-controlled converter stations. By communicating the power-sharing index between neighboring converters, the proposed approach achieves exact droop control operation independent of the DC system topology and line parameters. The pilot voltage droop based controller, which is an alternative communication-based approach for achieving precise power sharing, was used as a base case for comparison. Modal analysis is carried out to reveal the sensitivity of the system's eigenvalues to the changes in control parameters (e.g., power droop gain, proportional integral gains of the proposed controller) and the latencies in the communication. It is demonstrated that the proposed strategy remains in the stable operation even when excessive latencies are encountered in the communication. Nonlinear simulations are conducted in the MATLAB/Simulink environment in four- and five-terminal MTDC grids, validating the capability of the proposed controller to achieve the desirable performance under various operational conditions.
Dual-wavelength GaN-based LEDs grown on truncated hexagonal pyramids formed by selective-area regrowth on Si-implanted GaN templates (2013)

GaN-based blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with micro truncated hexagonal pyramid (THP) array were grown on selective-area Si-implanted GaN (SIG) templates. The GaN epitaxial layer regrown on the SIG templates exhibited selective growth and subsequent lateral growth to form the THP array. The observed selective-area growth was attributed to the different crystal structures between the Si-implanted and implantation-free regions. Consequently, LEDs grown on the GaN THP array emitted broad electroluminescence spectra with multiple peaks. Spatially resolved cathodoluminescence revealed that the broad spectra originated from different areas within each THP. Transmission electron microscopy showed the GaN-based epitaxial layers, including InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells regrown at different growth rates (or with different In content in the InGaN wells) between the semi-polar and c-face planes of each THP.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tumor Suppressor Protein Has Signaling Activity in Xenopus laevis Embryos Resulting in the Induction of an Ectopic Dorsoanterior Axis (1997)

Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene are linked to both familial and sporadic human colon cancer. So far, a clear biological function for the APC gene product has not been determined. We assayed the activity of APC in the early Xenopus embryo, which has been established as a good model for the analysis of the signaling activity of the APC-associated protein beta-catenin. When expressed in the future ventral side of a four-cell embryo, full-length APC induced a secondary dorsoanterior axis and the induction of the homeobox gene Siamois. This is similar to the phenotype previously observed for ectopic beta-catenin expression. In fact, axis induction by APC required the availability of cytosolic beta-catenin. These results indicate that APC has signaling activity in the early Xenopus embryo. Signaling activity resides in the central domain of the protein, a part of the molecule that is missing in most of the truncating APC mutations in colon cancer. Signaling by APC in Xenopus embryos is not accompanied by detectable changes in expression levels of beta-catenin, indicating that it has direct positive signaling activity in addition to its role in beta-catenin turnover. From these results we propose a model in which APC acts as part of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, either upstream of, or in conjunction with, beta-catenin.
Detection of Malabsorption of Low Doses of Accuracy of Various Breath H2 Criteria Carbohydrate (1993)

BacWround: Although the accuracy of breath H, testing to detect malabsorption of small (~50 g) doses of carbohydrate has never been evaluated, studies suggest that its accuracy is limited by a high prevalence of “HP nonproducers.” The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of H, breath testing in the detection of malabsorption of 10 g of carbohydrate. Methods: In 55 healthy subjects, we determined the ability of breath H, measurements to distinguish between the ingestion of 10 g of a nonabsorbable carbohydrate (lactulose) and two control meals, a nonabsorbable electrolyte solution or glucose (10 g). Results: The conventional criterion of a 20 ppm increase in breath H, had 100% specificity but failed to identify lactulose malabsorption in 47% and 24% of subjects at 4 and 8 hours of testing. In contrast, a breath H, of >6 ppm at 5 or 6 hours had near perfect specificity and sensitivity. A sum of breath H, at 5, 6, and 7 hours of >15 ppm yielded perfect separation between lactulose and control solutions. Conclusions: True “Hz nonproducers” are extremely rare. Using appropriate criteria, breath H, testing provides a very accurate means of identifying malabsorption of low doses of carbohydrate. n increase in breath Ha concentration following
Use of Beauveria Bassiana, an Entomopathogen, to Control Nymphs of Bemisia Argentifolii Under Field Conditions, 1995 (1997)

Abstract Eight pairs of raised beds, 91 cm wide on 180 cm centers, were fertilized and maintained using the standard practices 3 wk before setting eggplant and tomato transplants in adjacent rows at 51 cm spacing. Two plots designated in each row for the trial were 6.5 m long and separated at either end by a 1 m buffer, to give two RCB designs (one for eggplant and other for tomato), each with 2 treatments and 8 replications. The treatment material was Mycotrol WP9504 (Mycotech Stain GHA spores, 22%; 4.4 X 1010 spores/g; Mycotech, Butte, MT) which was applied at a rate of 1.1 kg/ha (1 lb/acre) as recommended five times weekly from 21 Apr until 7 May 1995. Spray was delivered using a high clearance sprayer utilizing an hydraulic pump operating at 200 psi and equipped with drop nozzles, 8 “ATR Yellow” Albuz® hollow cone per row, to deliver 81 gpa. Weekly samples of SWF immatures from 24 Apr consisted of a single, 6th or 7th leaf from the terminal, leaf each from 3 randomly selected plants per plot, collected into plastic zip-lock bags, and brought back to the laboratory. Whitefly immatures (eggs, nymphs and pupae) were examined on four 1-cm2 disks, 2 on each side of the mid-vein. Eggs, young (1 st and 2nd instar) and old (3rd and 4th instar) nymphs and pupae (red-eyed nymphs) of SWF on 12 cm2 leaf area were counted under a stereomicroscope in the laboratory.
Densovirus Infectious Pathway Requires Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis Followed by Trafficking to the Nucleus (2009)

Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDNV) is an ambisense insect parvovirus highly pathogenic for lepidopteran pests at larval stages. The potential use of DNVs as biological control agents prompted us to reinvestigate the host range and cellular mechanisms of infection. In order to understand the early events of infection, we set up a functional infection assay in a cell line of the pest Lymantria dispar to determine the intracellular pathway undertaken by JcDNV to infect a permissive lepidopteran cell line. Our results show that JcDNV particles are rapidly internalized into clathrin-coated vesicles and slowly traffic within early and late endocytic compartments. Blocking late-endocytic trafficking or neutralizing the pH with drugs inhibited infection. During internalization, disruption of the cytoskeleton, and inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase blocked the movement of vesicles containing the virus to the nucleus and impaired infection. In summary, our results define for the first time the early endocytic steps required for a productive DNV infection.
Fully Integrable BiCMOS Classical Rat-Race Coupler Based on BEOL CPS Transmission Lines (2023)

International audience
FLUORESCENCE DECAY OF THE Sm$sup 2+$ ION IN LANTHANUM CHLORIDE (Thesis) (1965)

The synergistic effect of hollow cavities and multiple hetero-interfaces displays huge advantages in achieving lightweight and high-efficient electromagnetic wave absorption, but still confronts huge challenges. Herein, hierarchical Co<sub>2</sub> P/CoS<sub>2</sub> @C@MoS<sub>2</sub> composites via the self-sacrificed strategy and a subsequent hydrothermal method have been successfully synthesized. Specifically, ZIF-67 cores first act as the structural template to form core-shell ZIF-67@poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol) (ZIF-67@PZS) composites, which are converted into hollow Co<sub>2</sub> P@C shells with micro-mesoporous characteristics because of the gradient structural stabilities and preferred coordination ability. The deposition of hierarchical MoS<sub>2</sub> results in phase transition (Co<sub>2</sub> P→Co<sub>2</sub> P/CoS<sub>2</sub> ), yielding the formation of hierarchical Co<sub>2</sub> P/CoS<sub>2</sub> @C@MoS<sub>2</sub> composites with hollow cavities and multiple hetero-interfaces. Benefiting from the cooperative advantages of hollow structure, extra N,P,S-doped sources, lattice defects/vacancies, diverse incoherent interfaces, and hierarchical configurations, the composites deliver superior electromagnetic wave capability (-56.6 dB) and wideband absorption bandwidth (8.96 GHz) with 20 wt.% filler loading. This study provides a reliable and facile strategy for the precise construction of superior electromagnetic wave absorbents with efficient absorption attenuation.