gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eyes-Free User Interfaces (2008)

With the emergence of smart phones, the time is fast approaching when devices small enough to fit in a pocket will be able to meet all our personal computing and communication needs. Despite their increased capabilities and functionality, however, the size and shape of today's computing devices - from laptops to handhelds - are still largely determined by the same factors. But as user interfaces become less obtrusive, this can begin to change. Next-generation Uls are extending beyond the traditional visual interface to leverage hearing and touch, thereby augmenting overall user interaction.
Routing and Scheduling for Hybrid Truck-Drone Collaborative Parcel Delivery With Independent and Truck-Carried Drones (2019)

The enabling Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology has inspired a large number of novel platforms and applications. One popular IoT platform is unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, also known as drone). Benefiting from the intrinsic flexibility, convenience, and low cost, UAVs have great potentials to be utilized in various civil applications, including parcel delivery. However, suffering from limited payloads and battery capacities, it is uneconomical for UAVs to perform parcel delivery tasks independently. To conquer the drawbacks of low payloads and battery capacities, people propose to employ both trucks and drones to construct truck-drone parcel delivery systems. However, previous works only leverage either independent drones or truck-carried drones to collaborate with trucks. In contrast, in this article we propose to simultaneously employ trucks, truck-carried drones, and independent drones to construct a more efficient truck-drone parcel delivery system. We claim that such a hybrid parcel delivery system can fully exploit the complementary benefits of the three platforms. We propose a novel routing and scheduling algorithm, referred to as hybrid truck-drone delivery (HTDD) algorithm, to solve the hybrid parcel delivery problem, wherein M drones carried by M trucks, together with N independent drones, cooperate to deliver parcels to customers distributed in a wide region. The experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms the existing solutions which employ either independent drones or truck-carried drones.
Auditory signals for enhanced operator performance with hand-held mine detectors (2000)

Selection of temporal and spectral properties of the auditory signal directly affects the listener ability to detect and recognize the signal. A properly designed auditory signal for mine detection operations should be resistant to predominantly low frequency environmental masking noises and easily hear by most users. Many of whom suffer form high-frequency noise-induced hearing loss. In fact, high frequency h earing loss caused by noise exposure is the moist common occupational illness in DOD as well as the USA. Regrettably, many current hand-held mine detection systems use a high-frequency pure tone or a highly- unbalanced high-pitch complex tone to alert the user to the present of an object buried in the ground. Inability to hear the auditory signal or even small variations of the auditory signal can result in an operator failing to detect a mine, a potentially fatal operator error. Unfortunately, proper engineering of the auditory signal is not as simple as selecting another lower frequency pure tone and the use of complex stimuli many be needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in detectability of a specific auditory stimulus as a function of the number of components added to the basic signal. Obtained data provide support to the doctrine that mine detector warning signals should be complex signals expanding over several octaves.
Logarithmic Morphological Neural Nets robust to lighting variations (2022)

Morphological neural networks allow to learn the weights of a structuring function knowing the desired output image. However, those networks are not intrinsically robust to lighting variations in images with an optical cause, such as a change of light intensity. In this paper, we introduce a morphological neural network which possesses such a robustness to lighting variations. It is based on the recent framework of Logarithmic Mathematical Morphology (LMM), i.e. Mathematical Morphology defined with the Logarithmic Image Processing (LIP) model. This model has a LIP additive law which simulates in images a variation of the light intensity. We especially learn the structuring function of a LMM operator robust to those variations, namely : the map of LIP-additive Asplund distances. Results in images show that our neural network verifies the required property.
<title>Bragg grating extensometer rods (BGX) for geotechnical strain measurements</title> (1998)

We report on a new type of optical extensometer for strain measurement in geotechnical and civil engineering applications. The system key elements are Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) embedded in glassfiber reinforced polymer (GRP) rockbolts. In order to monitor rock deformations in tunnels, a prototype sensor rockbolt was designed. First measurements have been made to demonstrate the characteristics of the sensor system.
Lesson No. 1 from research in technical innovation (2000)

In “An incomplete review of research in technical innovation” (TLE, June 2000), German Curá and I reviewed research in the discipline of technical innovation. This article and others to follow will offer a few lessons that can be drawn from this research. The reader is warned that these lessons are my opinions only and are not based on systematic, exhaustive inquiry.
ON PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN METHOD FOR SYSTEMS WITH NON-LINEAR VISCOUS DAMPER AND ELASTO-PLASTIC DAMPER (2007)

This paper presents a performance based design method which is able to estimate the energies of the structures with bilinear typed viscous dampers and bilinear elasto-plastic dampers by means of separated variables; that is, an equivalent energy spectrum for given ground motions is expressed in terms of the product of an elastic spectrum _pS_<v,40>(TE) and empirical formulas of viscous damping ratio h_o, bilinear relief velocity ratio (=maximum response velocity/relief velocity) μ_v, second viscous coefficient ratio P_v, ductility factor μ_d, and bilinear stiffness factor P_d The desigh diagrams are also proposed by making use of the empirical formulas. Thus, design parameters of dampers can be easily evaluated, if a designer specifies the values of h_o,μ_v,p_v,μ_d and p_d for the design spectrum of a ground motion. The paper shows also good agreements between the estimated design values and the results computed by non linear time history analysis.
Magnetic resonance studies of trapping centers in high-/spl kappa/ dielectric films on silicon (2005)

The electrical properties of high dielectric constant materials being considered for replacements of SiO/sub 2/ in metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) field effect transistors are dominated by point defects. These point defects play important roles in determining the response of these films in almost any imaginable reliability problem. A fundamental understanding of these defects may help to alleviate the problems which they can cause. The best known methods for determining the structure of electrically active defects in MOS materials and devices are conventional electron spin resonance (ESR) and electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR). In this paper, we review the limited ESR and EDMR work performed to date on high-/spl kappa/ materials. A discussion of magnetic resonance techniques as well as a brief overview of the extensively studied Si/SiO/sub 2/ system is also included.
Bearing estimation using Planar Circular Photodiode Arrays (2020)

A novel sensor architecture, called Planar Circular Photodiode Array (PCPA) has been proposed recently to provide bearing estimations of modulated light sources. The sensor device consists of a circular photodiode (PD)-array, where each PD measures the detected intensities of the light sources. The light sources use unique modulation frequencies, thus can be identified in frequency domain during the measurement process. Given the locations of the light sources and the estimated bearings, angle of arrival localization methods can be used to determine the position of the sensor. In this paper the operation of the sensor is reviewed; the architecture of a real sensor is introduced; and numerous measurements are presented to characterize the potential accuracy and sensitivity properties of the PCPA. A real positioning example is also provided to illustrate the potential application of the sensor.
Viscosity sensor utilizing a piezoelectric thickness shear sandwich resonator (1998)

This paper describes a novel quartz crystal sensor for measurement of the density-viscosity product of Newtonian liquids. The sensor element consists of two piano-convex AT-cut quartz crystals vibrating in a thickness-shear mode with the liquid sample in between. This special set-up allows suppression of disturbing resonances in the liquid layer. Such resonances are generated in the common single-plate arrangements due to compressional waves caused by spurious out-of-plane displacements of the shear vibrating finite plate. The primary measurands of the sensor are the fundamental resonance frequency and the associated resonance Q-value, which are influenced by the viscously entrained liquid contacting the quartz surface. The sensor allows the measurement of samples with viscosities from almost zero (air!) up to 200 cP with a sample volume of 130 microl.
Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer: From Cell Line to Clinic (2011)

Worldwide esophageal cancer is a signifi cant and an increasing health problem. In 2005,&#13;\\nthere were 497,700 new cases, and the prevalence is expected to increase by approximately&#13;\\n140% by 2025. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for most of the cases&#13;\\nof esophageal cancer worldwide (2); however, in a number of Western countries, including&#13;\\nthe Netherlands, there has been a modest decline in the incidence of ESCC and a steep rise in&#13;\\nthe frequency of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).
The Small GTPase RhoA Is Required to Maintain Spinal Cord Neuroepithelium Organization and the Neural Stem Cell Pool (2011)

The regulation of adherens junctions (AJs) is critical for multiple events during CNS development, including the formation and maintenance of the neuroepithelium. We have addressed the role of the small GTPase RhoA in the developing mouse nervous system using tissue-specific conditional gene ablation. We show that, in the spinal cord neuroepithelium, RhoA is essential to localize N-cadherin and β-catenin to AJs and maintain apical-basal polarity of neural progenitor cells. Ablation of RhoA caused the loss of AJs and severe abnormalities in the organization of cells within the neuroepithelium, including decreased neuroepithelial cell proliferation and premature cell-cycle exit, reduction of the neural stem cell pool size, and the infiltration of neuroepithelial cells into the lumen of the ventricle. We also show that, in the absence of RhoA, its effector, mammalian diaphanous-related formin1 (mDia1), does not localize to apical AJs in which it likely stabilizes intracellular adhesion by promoting local actin polymerization and microtubule organization. Furthermore, expressing a dominant-negative form of mDia1 in neural stem/progenitor cells results in a similar phenotype compared with that of the RhoA conditional knock-out, namely the loss of AJs and apical polarity. Together, our data show that RhoA signaling is necessary for AJ regulation and for the maintenance of mammalian neuroepithelium organization preventing precocious cell-cycle exit and differentiation.
End user software engineering (2008)

End users create software whenever they write, for instance, educational simulations, spreadsheets, or dynamic e-business web applications. Researchers are working to bring the benefits of rigorous software engineering methodologies to these end users to try to make their software more reliable. Unfortunately, errors are pervasive in end-user software, and the resulting impact is sometimes enormous. This special interest group meeting has two purposes: to incorporate attendees' and feedback into an emerging survey of the state of this interesting new sub-area, and generally to bring together the community of researchers who are addressing this topic, with the companies that are creating end-user programming tools.
Algebraic Number Theory and Code Design for Rayleigh Fading Channels (2004)

Algebraic number theory is gaining an increasing impact in code design for many different coding applications, such as single antenna fading channels and more recently, MIMO systems. Extended work has been done on single antenna fading channels, and algebraic lattice codes have been proven to be an effective tool. The general framework has been developed in the last ten years and many explicit code constructions based on algebraic number theory are now available. Algebraic Number Theory and Code Design for Rayleigh Fading Channels provides an overview of algebraic lattice code designs for Rayleigh fading channels, as well as a tutorial introduction to algebraic number theory. The basic facts of this mathematical field are illustrated by many examples and by the use of computer algebra freeware in order to make it more accessible to a large audience. This makes the book suitable for use by students and researchers in both mathematics and communications.
Endothelial Akt Signaling Is Rate-Limiting for Rapamycin Inhibition of Mouse Mammary Tumor Progression (2007)

Chronic activation of Akt signaling in the endothelium recapitulates the salient features of a tumor vasculature and can be inhibited by rapamycin, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin. This led to the hypothesis that the antitumor efficacy of rapamycin may be partially dependent on its ability to inhibit endothelial Akt signaling, making rapamycin an antiangiogenic agent and endothelial Akt pathway inhibitor. Dose-response studies with rapamycin showed that primary human endothelial cells and fibroblasts had a bimodal Akt response with effective reductions in phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) achieved at 10 ng/mL. In contrast, rapamycin increased pAkt levels in tumor cell lines. When tumor-bearing mice were treated with rapamycin doses comparable to those used clinically in transplant patients, we observed strong inhibition of mammary tumor growth. To test whether Akt activation in the endothelium was rate-limiting for this antitumor response, we engineered mouse mammary tumor virus-polyoma virus middle T antigen mice with endothelial cell-specific expression of constitutively activated Akt. We observed that the antitumor efficacy of rapamycin was reduced in the presence of elevated endothelial Akt activation. Just as we observed in MCF7 cells in vitro, rapamycin doses that were antiangiogenic resulted in increased pAkt levels in total mouse mammary tumor virus-polyoma virus middle T antigen tumor lysates, suggesting that tumor cells had an opposite Akt response following mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition compared with tumor endothelial cells. Together, these data support the hypothesis that endothelial Akt signaling in the tumor vasculature is an important target of the novel anticancer drug rapamycin.
Routes to High-Performing Ruthenium–Iodide Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis: Ligand Lability Is Key to Efficient Halide Exchange (2021)

Clean, high-yielding routes are described to ruthenium–diiodide catalysts that were recently shown to enable high productivity in olefin metathesis. For the second-generation Grubbs and Hoveyda catalysts (GII: RuCl2(H2IMes)(PCy3)(═CHPh); HII: RuCl2(H2IMes)(═CHAr), Ar = C6H4-2-OiPr), slow salt metathesis is shown to arise from the low lability of the ancillary PCy3 or ether ligands, which retards access to the four-coordinate intermediate required for efficient halide exchange. To exploit the lability of the first-generation catalysts, the diiodide complex RuI2(PCy3)(═CHAr) HI-I2 was prepared by treating “Grubbs I” (RuCl2(PCy3)2(═CHPh), GI) with NaI, H2C═CHAr (1a), and a phosphine-scavenging Merrifield iodide (MF-I) resin. Subsequent installation of H2IMes or cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands afforded the second-generation iodide catalysts in good to excellent yields. Given the incompatibility of the nitro group with a free carbene, the iodo-Grela catalyst RuI2(H2IMes)(═CHAr′) (nG-I2: Ar′ = C6H3-2-OiPr-4-NO2) was instead accessed by sequential salt metathesis of GI with NaI, installation of H2IMes, and finally cross-metathesis with the nitrostyrenyl ether H2C═CHAr′ (1b), with MF-I as the phosphine scavenger. The bulky iodide ligands improve the selectivity for macrocyclization in ring-closing metathesis.
Enzyme-Triggered Enantioconvergent Transformation of Haloalkyl Epoxides (2001)

Biocatalytic hydrolysis of 2,3-disubstituted rac-cis- and rac-trans-haloalkyl epoxides 1a−8a using the epoxide hydrolase activity of whole bacterial cells furnished the corresponding vicinal diols 1b−8b as intermediates; these (spontaneously) underwent ring closure to yield cyclic products 1c−6c through an enzyme-triggered cascade reaction. In particular, cis-configured substrates (1a, 3a, 5a, 7a) were transformed in an enantioconvergent fashion, which resulted in the formation of single stereoisomeric products in 100% des and up to 92% ees from the racemates.
Human Activity Recognition Using a Dynamic Texture Based Method (2008)

We present a novel approach for human activity reco gnition. The method uses dynamic texture descriptors to describe human movements in a spatiotemporal way. The same features are also use d for human detection, which makes our whole approach computationally simple. Following recent trends in computer vision research , our method works on image data rather than silhouettes. We test our met hod on a publicly available dataset and compare our result to the sta te of the art methods.
Decidual Infiltration and Activation of Macrophages Leads to Early Embryo Loss (1997)

These findings support the concept that early embryo loss is a nonspecific event mediated by the triggering of cytotoxin production by primed decidual macrophages.
Two enantiomerically pure cyclic arenesulfonamide hydrochloride salts (2009)

The crystal structures of N-[(1R)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2-benzothiazin-4-aminium 1,1-dioxide chloride, C(20)H(21)N(2)O(2)S(+).Cl(-), (I), a six-membered cyclic sulfonamide, and (1R)-N-[(5,5-dioxo-6,7-dihydrodibenzo[d,f][1,2]thiazepin-7-yl)methyl]-1-(1-naphthyl)ethanaminium chloride, C(26)H(25)N(2)O(2)S(+).Cl(-), (II), a seven-membered cyclic sulfonamide, both representative of a novel family of agonists of the extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) of possible clinical importance, are reported. The known chirality of the naphthylethylamine precursor has enabled assignment of the absolute configuration of both compounds, which is crucial for the receptor recognition. The crystal structures, though different, reveal for these agonists a notable absence of intramolecular pi-pi stacking between their respective aromatic groups. This suggests a common structural feature that allows CaSR agonists to be distinguished from antagonists, since in the latter, such interactions have been shown to be important. The connectivities between molecules in the crystal structures are also different, but both involve hydrogen bonding mediated by chloride ions as a common dominant feature.
Correlation Between Contrast Enhancement in Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast and Tumor Angiogenesis (1994)

Early enhancement correlated well with the number of vessels determined histologically.
Disposable botnets (2020)

Large botnets made up of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices have been a steady presence in the threat landscape since 2016. Earlier research has found preliminary evidence that the IoT binaries and C&C infrastructure were only seen for very brief periods. It has not explained how attackers maintain control over their botnets. We present a more comprehensive analysis of the infrastructure of IoT botnets based on 23 months of data gathered via honeypots and the monitoring of botnet infrastructure. We collected 59,884 IoT malware samples, 35,494 download servers, and 2,747 C&C servers. We focuse on three dominant families: Bashlite, Mirai, and Tsunami. The picture that emerges is that of highly disposable botnets. IoT botnet are not so much maintained as reconstituted from scratch all the time. Not only are most binaries distributed for less than three days, the connection of bots to the rest of the botnet is also short-lived. To reach the C&C server, the binaries typically contain only a single hard-coded IP address or domain. The C&C servers themselves also have a short lifespan. Long-term dynamic analysis finds no mechanism for the attackers to migrate the bots to a new C&C server. In other words, bots are used only immediately after capture and then abandoned---perhaps to be recaptured again via the aggressive scanning practices that these botnets are known for. While IoT botnets appear less advanced than Windows-based botnets, the advantage of being disposable means that they are very resistant to blacklisting and C&C takedown. Most IP addresses are used only once and never seen again. The question that arises is how attackers source these addresses. We speculate that they might be abusing the IP address allocation practices of cloud providers.
An Automated Approach To The Nozzle Configuration Of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Drill Bits For Effective Cuttings Removal (2018)

Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bits are extensively used in the oil and gas industry as well as the mining industry. Industry engineers continually improve upon PDC drill bit designs and hydraulic conditions. Optimized injection nozzles play a key role in improving the drilling performance and efficiency of these ever changing PDC drill bits. In the first part of this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling is performed to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of drilling fluid flow around the PDC drill bit. An Open-source CFD software – OpenFOAM simulates the flow around the drill bit, based on the field input data. A specifically developed console application integrates the entire CFD process including, domain extraction, meshing, and solving governing equations and post-processing. The results from the OpenFOAM solver are then compared with that of the ANSYS Fluent software. The data from both software programs agree. The second part of the paper describes the parametric study of the PDC drill bit nozzle to determine the effect of parameters such as number of nozzles, nozzle velocity, nozzle radial position and orientations on the flow field characteristics and bit washing patterns. After analyzing a series of nozzle configurations, the best configuration is identified and recommendations are made for modifying the PDC bit design.
Tether Control Methods for Damping Angular Momentum of Uncontrolled Satellites. (2000)

This paper treats control strategy for tether-based method of damping angular momentum of failed satellites. A simple two-dimensional model of a tether, a controller and a circular/elliptic target is used for numerical simulations in order to gain clear understanding of the tether control. Several tether control methods are proposed using tension, length of the tether and the distance between the target and the controller. Numerical simulations yield the following results : 1)the tether tension can transfer from the angular momentum of the target to that of the controller ; 2)if the target is circular, the angular momentum of the target is reduced linearly using by constant tension control ; and 3)relationships between the target angular momentum change and model parameters are obtained.