gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of parallel and sequential priority queue algorithms (1997)

Priority queues are used in many applications including real-time systems, operating systems, and simulations. Their implementation may have a profound effect on the performance of such applications. In this article, we study the performance of well-known sequential priority queue implementations and the recently proposed parallel access priority queues. To accurately assess the performance of a priority queue, the performance measurement methodology must be appropriate. We use the Classic Hold, the Markov Model, and an Up/Down access pattern to measure performance and look at both the average access time and the worst-case time that are of vital interest to real-tiem applicatons. Our results suggest that the best choice for priority queue algorithms depends heavily on the application. For queue sizes smaller than 1,000 elements, the Splay Tree, the Skew Heap, and Henriksen's algorithm show good average access times. For large queue sized of 5,000 elements or more, the Calendar Queue and the Lazy Queue offer good average access times but have very long worst-case access times. The Skew Heap and the splay Tree exhibit the best worst-case access times. Among the parallel access priority queues tested, the Parallel Access Skew Heap provides the best performance on small shares memory multiprocessors.
Influence of late emerging weeds in glyphosate-resistant corn (2013)

Fifteen field trials were conducted from 2009 to 2011 in Ontario, Canada and Michigan, USA to determine how long glyphosate-resistant corn needs to be kept weed-free after emergence to prevent yield loss. Data were separated into two environments based on when yield loss first occurred after glyphosate application. In Environment 1 (4/15 sites) yield was not reduced when corn was kept weed-free until the 4-leaf stage. However, in Environment 2 (11/15 sites) there was no yield loss when corn was kept weed-free up to the 2-leaf stage. The most prominent weeds were velvetleaf, redroot pigweed, common ragweed, common lambsquarters and foxtail species. While later emerging weeds did not necessarily impact corn yield, weeds emerging after the 2- and 4-leaf corn stage likely produced seed that was added to the soil seed bank. Weeds emerging after 6-, 8-, and 10-leaf corn growth stages were small (low biomass/seedlings) and most likely did not reach reproductive maturity. Based on this research, corn must be maintained weed-free up to the 4-leaf stage. Any weeds emerging after that did not influence corn yield.
C-Type lectin-like domains in Caenorhabditis elegans: predictions from the complete genome sequence (1999)

Protein modules related to the C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains of animal lectins are found in at least 125 proteins encoded in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome. Within these proteins, 183 C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs) have been identified. The proteins have been classified based on the overall arrangement of modules within the polypeptides and based on sequence similarity between the CTLDs. The C.elegans proteins generally have different domain organization from known mammalian proteins containing CTLDs. Most of the CTLDs are divergent in sequence from those in mammalian proteins. However, 19 show conservation of most of the amino acid residues that ligate Ca(2+)to form a carbohydrate-binding site in vertebrate C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains. Seven of these domains are particularly similar in sequence to mannose- and N-acetylglucosamine-binding domains in the vicinity of this Ca(2+)site.
Sites of action of IL‐1 in the development of fever and cytokine responses to tissue inflammation in the rat (1997)

1. The objective of the present study was to determine the sites of action of the cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1), in the febrile response to local inflammation in the rat, by comparing the importance of IL-1 in the local tissues, the circulation and the brain. This was achieved by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 micrograms kg-1) into a subcutaneous air pouch and testing the effects of blocking IL-1 action with the human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) injected either into the air pouch, intraperitoneally (1 mg kg-1, 0 + 1 h, i.p.), or intracerebroventricularly (200 micrograms/rat, 0 + 1 h, i.c.v.). 2. To investigate the effect of IL-1ra on fever and the induction of local and circulating cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6), separate experiments were performed in which groups of animals were killed 1.5, 3 or 5 h after LPS injection. Plasma and pouch fluid samples were collected for bioassay of IL-1 and IL-6. 3. Injection of LPS into the air pouch significantly increased (1.5 degrees C) body temperature, local (air pouch) concentrations of bioactive IL-1 and IL-6, and circulating bioactive IL-6, compared to saline-treated controls. 4. Injection of IL-1ra into the pouch significantly attenuated LPS fever (P < 0.001). This decrease in body temperature was associated with significant inhibition of local IL-1 bioactivity 1.5 (96%), 3 (84%) and 5 h (72%), and in bioactive IL-6 in pouch lavage fluid 1.5 (45%) and 5 h (35%), after LPS injection. The concentration of bioactive IL-6 in the plasma was significantly reduced (39%) at 3 h, when temperature was approaching the maximal value. 5. Both systemic (i.p.) and central (i.c.v.) administration of IL-1ra significantly attentuated LPS fever (P < 0.05). However, it had no effect on either local concentrations of bioactive IL-1 or IL-6, or circulating IL-6, at any of the sample points. 6. These data suggest that IL-1 is released locally, at the site of tissue inflammation and that it is an important mediator of the febrile response to local inflammation. The results also indicate that IL-1 produced locally may contribute to the production of IL-6 which is released into the circulation, and that IL-1 has important actions in the generation of fever at other sites, including the brain.
Effects of Chondroitin and Glucosamine Sulfate in a Dietary Bar Formulation on Inflammation, Interleukin-1β, Matrix Metalloprotease-9, and Cartilage Damage in Arthritis (2005)

This study examined the effects of chondroitin sulfate (CS) alone and CS plus glucosamine sulfate (GS) in a dietary bar formulation on inflammatory parameters of adjuvant-induced arthritis and on the synthesis of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9). Following 25 days pretreatment with dietary bars containing either CS alone, CS plus GS, or neither CS nor GS, rats were either sham injected or injected with Freund's complete adjuvant into the tail vein. Rats were fed their respective bars for another 17 days after inoculation. Parameters of disease examined included clinical score (combination of joint temperature, edema, hyperalgesia, and standing and walking limb function), incidence of disease, levels of IL-1beta in the serum and paw joints, levels of MMP-9 in the paw joints, paw joint histology, and joint cartilage thickness. Treatment with CS plus GS, but not CS alone, significantly reduced clinical scores, incidences of disease, joint temperatures, and joint and serum IL-1beta levels. Treatment with CS alone and CS plus GS inhibited the production of edema and prevented raised levels of joint MMP-9 associated with arthritis. Similarly, CS alone and CS plus GS treatment also prevented the development of cartilage damage associated with arthritis. Combination CS plus GS treatment in a dietary bar formulation ameliorates clinical, inflammatory, and histologic parameters of adjuvant-induced arthritis. The benefits of CS and GS in combination are more pronounced than those of CS alone. The reduction of arthritic disease by CS plus GS is associated with a reduction of IL-1beta and MMP-9 synthesis.
The Structural and Social Determinants of the Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the U.S. COVID-19 Pandemic. What’s Our Role? (2020)

Author(s): Thakur, Neeta; Lovinsky-Desir, Stephanie; Bime, Christian; Wisnivesky, Juan P; Celedon, Juan C
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-converting Enzyme (ADAM17) Mediates the Cleavage and Shedding of Fractalkine (CX3CL1) (2001)

Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is an unusual member of the chemokine family that is synthesized with its chemokine domain at the end of a mucin-rich, transmembrane stalk. This membrane-bound localization allows fractalkine to function as an adhesion molecule for cells bearing its receptor, CX3CR1. In addition, fractalkine can be proteolytically released from the cell surface, generating a soluble molecule that functions as a chemoattractant similar to the other members of the chemokine family. In this study, we have examined the mechanisms that regulate the conversion between these two functionally distinct forms of fractalkine. We demonstrate that under normal conditions fractalkine is synthesized as an intracellular precursor that is rapidly transported to the cell surface where it becomes a target for metalloproteinase-dependent cleavage that causes the release of a fragment containing the majority of the fractalkine extracellular domain. We show that the cleavage of fractalkine can be markedly enhanced by stimulating cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and we identify tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE; ADAM17) as the protease responsible for this PMA-induced fractalkine release. In addition, we provide data showing that TACE-mediated fractalkine cleavage occurs at a site distinct from the dibasic juxtamembrane motif that had been suggested previously based on protein sequence homologies. The identification of TACE as a major protease responsible for the conversion of fractalkine from a membrane-bound adhesion molecule to a soluble chemoattractant will provide new information for understanding the physiological function of this chemokine.
New bovine bone graft with integrated atelocollagen Type I in artificial defects. Histologic and histomorphometric study in sheep (2018)

Background: A new natural bovine bone grafting material with incorporated Type I atelocollagen has been recently introduced for the use in regenerative dentistry. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the bone regeneration obtained using bovine bone graft with integrated atelocollagen Type I in artificial jaw bone defects, in sheep. Setting and Design: This is an in vivo study using an animal model (sheep). Materials and Methods: Four hollow titanium cylinders 4.0-mm internal diameter and 8-mm length, termed “bone growing chambers” (BGC), were inserted in two sheep mandibles. In the right side of each animal, the BGC was filled by the novel natural bovine bone graft with integrated atelocollagen Type I (test group), while the left BGC was left empty to be filled only by blood clot (control group). After 2 months of healing, the animals were sacrificed, and both histological and morphometric analysis were performed. Statistical Analysis Used: A nonparametric Mann–Whitney test was used. Results: All titanium chambers were well osseointegrated after 2 months of healing. In the test group, newly formed bone mixed with residual granules appeared incorporated in the new trabeculae. The histomorphometric analysis revealed a total bone volume percentage of 52.01 ± 8.62 for the test group and 33.72 ± 18.18 for the control group. Conclusion: The bone structure observed in the test group was more compact than the control group. This result could be attributed only partially to the presence of newly formed bone mixed to residual granules of grafting material. The graft material with atelocollagen seemed to improve the new bone formation; however, other studies are needed to compare regenerated tissue properties over the time.
Case report series of a novel application of neostigmine to successfully relieve refractory ileus status post‐pediatric orthotopic liver transplantation (2019)

Post-operative ileus is common after abdominal surgeries. Children undergoing liver transplant are at increased risk of ileus for various reasons including multiple abdominal procedures and use of narcotic medications. Ileus can lead to abdominal compartment syndrome and compromise the integrity of the liver graft. In some of these patients, ileus is resistant to standard therapies including stool softeners, bowel stimulants, enemas, and even methylnaltrexone. Neostigmine has been shown in pediatric case series to be efficacious in some children for refractory post-operative ileus. We report three children (9 months, 3 years, and 12 years old) who developed refractory ileus after liver transplant, with one of them developing abdominal compartment syndrome, who were treated successfully with continuous infusions of neostigmine. Clinical responses included passage of flatus and stool and improvement in abdominal distension. All patients tolerated the infusion without serious adverse effects such as bradycardia or bronchospasm. Neostigmine was used safely in our patients and may be safe and efficacious for the treatment of refractory ileus in pediatric patients after liver transplantation. Neostigmine should be considered early in the treatment of these patients.
A Multitasking Flexible Sensor via Reservoir Computing (2022)

Natural disasters are reported globally, and one source of severe damage to cities is flooding caused by locally heavy rain. Sharing of local weather information can save lives. However, it is difficult to collect local weather information in real-time because such data collection requires bulky, expensive sensors. For local, real-time monitoring of heavy rain and wind, a sensor system should be simple and low-cost so that it can be attached to a variety of surfaces, including roofs, vehicles, and umbrellas. To develop simple, low-cost multitasking sensors located on nonplanar surfaces, a flexible rain sensor to monitor waterdrop volume and wind velocity is devised. To monitor both simultaneously, a laser-induced graphene-based superhydrophobic conductive film is introduced. Using the superhydrophobic surface, water dynamics are measured when waterdrops collide with the sensor surface, and obtained time-series data are processed using "reservoir computing" to extract the volume and velocity from a single sensor as multitasking electronics. As a proof-of-concept, it is shown that the sensor measures continuous, long-term volume and wind-change dynamics. The results demonstrate feasibility of multitasking electronics with reservoir computing to reduce sensor integration complexity with low power consumption for both sensor and signal processing.
Quantitative Methods for Assessing Similarity between Computational Results and Full-Scale Crash Tests (2012)

As computational analyses have become more integrated into the design of roadside safety hardware so too has the importance of establishing objective, quantifiable validation and verification methods and criteria. While analysts have always compared numerical and experimental results, the techniques used have generally been visual and subjective. There has been a need for the development of objective procedures for assessing the validity of computational analyses in the area of roadside hardware performance. This paper discusses a convenient means for engineers to quantify similarities and differences between acceleration-time histories computed from computational models and those measured in full-scale crash tests. This was achieved through the development of a computer program called RSVVP that computes several shape comparison metrics that quantify those differences. While the metrics themselves are deterministic, a subjective judgment still has to be made about how close to perfect is acceptable. Because of the highly nonlinear nature of crash events, there are often considerable differences in the results of essentially identical full-scale crash tests. Likewise, a computational model may not match “exactly” the results of a physical test, but the difference should be no greater than what is expected between physical tests. This paper also discusses the development of acceptance criteria for the metrics based on assessment of the repeatability of full-scale crash tests by quantifying the normal variation that is typically observed in such tests.
[Automatic classification of lip color based on SVM in traditional Chinese medicine inspection]. (2011)

The lip color of a person is closely related to his or her health in the visual diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The traditional method to judge the color of lips is through observing by a TCM doctor. The diagnosis result is affected not only by the doctor's knowledge and diagnosis experience, but also by the light, temperature and other environmental impacts. For these reasons, sometimes different doctors may make different judgement for the same lips. So it is urgently needed that an objective evaluation as reference for doctors can be obtained. A method based on support vector machine (SVM) that classifies lip color by computer automatically is presented in the present paper. Firstly, nine features of lip color in Hue, Saturation and Intensity (HSI) color space were extracted. Then, according to different combinations of these features five different experiments were conducted. By comparing the results of these experiments, it was discovered that the mean value is one of the most important features for the lip color. The overall effect of classification is better when the mean value and variance of HSI were chosen than other characteristics. In addition, experiments results demonstrated that the accuracy rate of classification is not improved when more features were adopted. The objective of the present paper is to select the appropriate characteristics and to combine them effectively to classify lip colors.
Olive Oil Composition (2006)

Publisher Summary The composition of olive oil is primarily triacylglycerols (~99%) and secondarily free fatty acids, mono- and diacylglycerols, and an array of lipids such as hydrocarbons, sterols, aliphatic alcohols, tocopherols, and pigments. A plethora of phenolic and volatile compounds are also present. Some of these compounds contribute to the unique character of the oil. Fatty acids present in olive oil are palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), and linolenic (C18:3). Myristic (C14:0), heptadecanoic, and eicosanoic acids are found in trace amounts. This chapter discusses some classes of minor constituents that are present only in the crude oil. Filtration reduces the initial levels to a great extent whereas refining results in their removal.
Operando HERFD-XANES/XES studies reveal differences in the activity of Fe-species in MFI and CHA structures for the standard selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 (2018)

Fe-containing zeolites were studied as catalysts for the standard NH3-SCR reaction with the primary aim of gaining insight into the structure-function relationship of these materials. Catalysts with different Fe nuclearity (i.e. isolated species, clusters, large particles) were synthesised by incipient wetness impregnation, using H-ZSM-5, H-SSZ-13 and Silicalite-1 as supports, and characterised by in situ and operando X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and high energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (HERFD-XANES) under NH3-SCR conditions. The combination of these techniques allowed us to obtain a detailed understanding of the changes in Fe coordination, oxidation state and geometry occurring during reaction. The results obtained suggested that isolated octahedral Fe3+ species on H-ZSM-5 are highly active under the conditions studied, undergoing reduction when exposed to NH3 or under SCR conditions. In contrast, isolated tetrahedral Fe3+ sites present in Silicalite-1 exhibited lower redox properties, leading to a reduced NO conversion. Clusters and FexOy particles on H-SSZ-13 exhibited low SCR activity.
A STUDY OF SOME VARIABLES WITHIN PULVERIZED-FUEL ASHES WHICH AFFECT THE AIR ENTRAINING ABILITY OF ADMIXTURES IN CONCRETE CONTAINING THESE ASHES (1983)

It has been recognized that increased dosages of air entraining agents are often required to produce a specified air content in concretes containing pulverized fuel ash as part of the cement content. The paper summarises previous work on the topic of air entrainment, and the freeze and thaw durability of such concretes. There is agreement that the residual carbon content of pulverized fuel ash is primarily responsible for the preferential adsorption of air entraining agents, and that the amount, surface area and surface activity of this carbon influences the amount of air entraining agent necessary to achieve the required volume of entrained air. It has also been shown that other ash related variables have a lesser influence on air entraining agent performance. The authors offer general conclusions on the effect of loss on ignition, sieve residue, and amount of pulverized fuel ash on the air entrainment of standard concrete mix, using several air entraining agent types. For the covering abstract of the Congress are TRIS 378413. (TRRL)
Total synthesis of O-methylandrocymbine by a photo-Pschorr reaction and synthesis of thalifoline (1971)

The total synthesis of O-methylandrocymbine (4) has been accomplished by photolysis of the diazonium salts (10) and (15) of 6,7-dimethoxy-(11) and 7-benzyloxy-6-methoxy-1-(2-amino-3,4-5-trimethoxyphenethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydr-2-methylisoquinoline (14). On the other hand, pyrolysis of the diazonium salt (15) gave the spiroisoquinoline (32). Moreover, thalifoline (24) was obtained by debenzylation of the by-product (23) in the photolysis and pyrolysis of the latter compound (15).
Structural Relationship between "Glutamic Acid" and "Lysine" Forms of Human Plasminogen and Their Interaction with the NH2-Terminal Activation Peptide as Studied by Affinity Chromatography (1975)

Urokinase digestion of maleinated plasminogen results in cleavage of the single peptide bond Arg-68-Met-69, which is one of the bonds normally cleaved during the first step of the activation procedure. The inactive intermediate compound formed in this way was subjected to NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis, which clearly demonstrates the structural relationship between the forms of plasminogen with different NH2-terminal amino acids. It is thus shown that lysine-78 and valine-79 in the "glutamic acid" plasminogen actually are the NH2-terminal amino acids in "lysine" and "valine" plasminogen respectively. The forms with glutamic acid in NH2-terminal position are called plasminogen A, while all other forms lacking the NH2-terminal part of the molecule and which can be activated in a single step are called plasminogen B. By affinity chromatographic studies of the NH2-terminal activation peptide on insolubilized plasminogen B, it was demonstrated that this peptide has specific affinity for plasminogen B. It was also shown that this noncovalent interaction is broken by 6-aminohexanoic acid in two concentration. The tryptic heptapeptide (Ala-Phe-Gln-Tyr-His-Ser-Lys) which occupies the positions number 45 to 51 in the NH2-terminal activation peptide (as well as in the intact plasminogen molecule) is importance for the conformational state of the plasminogen molecule.
Natural Language Query Interpretation into SPARQL Using Patterns (2013)

Abstract. Our purpose is to provide end-users with a means to query ontology based knowledge bases using natural language queries and thus hide the complexity of formulating a query expressed in a graph query language such as SPARQL. The main originality of our approach lies in the use of query patterns. In this article we justify the postulate supporting our work which claims that queries issued by real life end-users are variations of a few typical query families. We also explain how our approach is designed to be adaptable to different user languages. Evaluations on the QALD-3 data set have shown the relevancy of the approach. 1