gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Androgen Signaling Pathway and the Development of Novel Drugs for the Management of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2014)

The androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in the progression of prostate cancer. At present, the only established treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is monotherapy with docetaxel. However, several studies have shown that the majority of CRPC express AR and androgen-responsive genes, indicating that the AR signaling pathway is still functional under androgen-depleted conditions. The main mechanisms underlying the progression of prostate cancer into a castrate-resistant state are hypersensitivity to AR, promiscuous AR activity and outlaw AR pathways that bypass the need for androgens. Therefore, understanding these mechanisms has promoted the development of new anti-androgens and androgen-depleting agents. Recently, several therapies targeting the androgen signaling pathway have come to market. Notably, promising results have been obtained in clinical trials with enzaltamide, a small-molecule AR antagonist that prevents nuclear translocation and DNA binding without agonist activity, and with abiraterone acetate, a prodrug, low molecular weight inhibitor of a rate-limiting enzyme in androgen biosynthesis. Herein, we review the androgen signaling pathway and novel drugs targeting this pathway for the management of CRPC.
Second harmonic scattering from small particles using Discrete Dipole Approximation (2010)

We extend a simple dipole approximation model to predict nonlinear scattering from small particles. This numerical method is known as Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) and has been extensively used to model linear scattering by small particles of various shapes and sizes. We show here that DDA can be used to efficiently model second harmonic scattering by small particles. Our results are compared with experimental data and other computational methods.
Data from Autophagy Control by the VEGF-C/NRP-2 Axis in Cancer and Its Implication for Treatment Resistance (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;A major contributor to cancer mortality is recurrence and subsequent metastatic transformation following therapeutic intervention. Therefore, in order to develop new treatment modalities and improve the efficacy of current ones, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms that promote resistance to therapy in cancer cells. One pathway contributing to therapy resistance is autophagy, a self-digestive process that can eliminate unnecessary or damaged organelles to protect cancer cells from death. We have found that the VEGF-C/NRP-2 axis is involved in the activation of autophagy, which helps cancer cell survival following treatment. Inhibition of mTOR complex 1 activity by this axis is the underlying mechanism for the activation of autophagy. Furthermore, we identified two VEGF-C/NRP-2-regulated genes, &lt;i&gt;LAMP-2&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;WDFY-1&lt;/i&gt;, that have previously been suggested to participate in autophagy and vesicular trafficking. Upregulation of WDFY-1 following VEGF-C or NRP-2 depletion contributes to cytotoxic drug-mediated cell death. Together, these data suggest a link between the VEGF-C/NRP-2 axis and cancer cell survival despite the presence of chemotherapy-induced stress. Effective targeting of this pathway may lead to the development of new cancer therapies. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 73(1); 160–71. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
GaInNAs: a novel material for long-wavelength semiconductor lasers (1997)

GaInNAs was proposed and created in 1995 by the authors. It can be grown pseudomorphically on a GaAs substrate and is a light-emitting material having a bandgap energy suitable for long-wavelength laser diodes (1.3-1.55 /spl mu/m and longer wavelengths). By combining GaInNAs with GaAs or other wide-gap materials that can be grown on a GaAs substrate, a type-I band lineup is achieved and, thus, very deep quantum wells can be fabricated, especially in the conduction band. Since the electron overflow from the wells to the barrier layers at high temperatures can he suppressed, the novel material of GaInNAs is very attractive to overcome the poor temperature characteristics of conventional long-wavelength laser diodes used for optical fiber communication systems. GaInNAs with excellent crystallinity was grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy in which a nitrogen radical was used as the nitrogen source. GaInNAs was applied in both edge-emitting and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) in the long-wavelength range. In edge-emitting laser diodes, operation under room temperature continuous-wave (CW) conditions with record high temperature performance (T/sub 0/=126 K) was achieved. The optical and physical parameters, such as quantum efficiency and gain constant, are also systematically investigated to confirm the applicability of GaInNAs to laser diodes for optical fiber communications. In a VCSEL, successful lasing action was obtained under room-temperature (RT) CW conditions by photopumping with a low threshold pump intensity and a lasing wavelength of 1.22 /spl mu/m.
Adenoviral gene therapy in gastric cancer: A review (2008)

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. With current therapeutic approaches the prognosis of gastric cancer is very poor, as gastric cancer accounts for the second most common cause of death in cancer related deaths. Gastric cancer like almost all other cancers has a molecular genetic basis which relies on disruption in normal cellular regulatory mechanisms regarding cell growth, apoptosis and cell division. Thus novel therapeutic approaches such as gene therapy promise to become the alternative choice of treatment in gastric cancer. In gene therapy, suicide genes, tumor suppressor genes and anti-angiogenesis genes among many others are introduced to cancer cells via vectors. Some of the vectors widely used in gene therapy are Adenoviral vectors. This review provides an update of the new developments in adenoviral cancer gene therapy including strategies for inducing apoptosis, inhibiting metastasis and targeting the cancer cells.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐Glycosides of N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid. Synthesis and Investigation of Their Effect on Vibrio cholerae Sialidase. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CD8α–11b+ dendritic cells but not CD8α+ dendritic cells mediate cross-tolerance toward intestinal antigens (2005)

Cross-presentation is a critical process by which antigen is displayed to CD8 T cells to induce tolerance. It is believed that CD8alpha+ dendritic cells (DCs) are responsible for cross-presentation, suggesting that the CD8alpha+ DC population is capable of inducing both cross-priming and cross-tolerance to antigen. We found that cross-tolerance against intestinal soluble antigen was abrogated in C57BL/6 mice lacking mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and Peyer patches (PPs), whereas mice lacking PPs alone were capable of developing CD8 T-cell tolerance. CD8alpha-CD11b+ DCs but not CD8alpha+ DCs in the MLNs present intestinal antigens to relevant CD8 T cells, while CD8alpha+ DCs but not CD8alpha-CD11b+ DCs in the spleen exclusively cross-present intravenous soluble antigen. Thus, CD8alpha-CD11b+ DCs in the MLNs play a critical role for induction of cross-tolerance to dietary proteins.
Investigations on the Environmentally Assisted Fatigue Behavior of Steel Specimens for a Better Understanding of Component Fatigue in Nuclear Applications (2021)

Abstract The fatigue assessment of pressurized components is of high importance for the operation of nuclear power plants. However, the environmental influences on the fatigue behavior are highly discussed. On the one hand, laboratory specimens tested in high temperature water (HTW) conditions show a significant drop in fatigue lifetime, compared to tests at air environment, and question the conservatism of modern standards. On the other hand, the fatigue assessment methods based on uniaxial tensile testing seems to overestimate the fatigue damage of components during operation. To overcome these discrepancies, the environmental influences on material fatigue have to be better understood. Laboratory testing setups have to be adapted to the relevant loading conditions during power plant operation. Therefore, MPA Stuttgart is investigating the environmentally assisted fatigue (EAF) of steels under various loading conditions for smooth and notched specimens, as well as full scale component testing at HTW conditions. In this paper the results of ongoing research are presented. The low cycle fatigue experiments on steel materials for relevant nuclear applications are performed at air and under pressurized water reactor (PWR) environment. The shape of specimens, the loading spectra, loading rate and the multiaxiality of load are derived from piping components in power plant operation.
IC‐P‐049: Cost Effective Aβ Enrichment Strategies For Recruiting A Preclinical Cohort (2016)

As therapy strategies and clinical studies focus on preclinical individuals, there is a need to recruit large cohorts of asymptomatic elderlies with high cortical β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition. In vivo quantification of Aβ deposition in the brain is now possible using several PET tracers, but the high cost of PET scanning is a challenge. This study investigates several recruitment strategies to minimize the cost of recruiting 100 Aβ positive healthy elderlies. Subjects older than 60 from the AIBL study were used. Amyloid PET scan (AU$2000) was considered the ground truth to identify individuals with abnormally high Aβ brain level, thus assuming perfect sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%). Three strategies were considered to recruit 100 individuals. 1) Subjects were recruited and were scanned with PET until reaching the targeted cohort size (100); 2) a blood test (AU$100) was used to screen those individuals carrying at least one APOE Ɛ4 (E4) allele (Table 1); 3) a blood test (AU$200) was used to screen those individuals carrying at least one E4 allele, and subsequently for a blood panel (Abeta1-42, CXCL-13, IgM-1, IL17, PPY & VCAM-1), based on our previous work. Equations for identifying positives (true and false) and negatives (true and false) at each step were established and total cost of recruitment compared between the three strategies (Figure 1). Overall recruitment process using 6 steps: A recruitment from the general population, B screening test performance, C results of screening, D keep all the positives from the screening test, E PET Amyloid performance, F final cohort, p: prevalence, TN: true negative, TP: true positive, FN: false negative, FP: false positive, Sp: specificity, Se: sensitivity, CostB and CostE: cost of the screening test and PET scan respectively. Prevalence of high Aβ was 39%. Strategy 1: 256 subjects would need to be scanned with PET at a cost of AU$564,000 (∼US$395,000). Strategy 2: a test for E4 carrier yielded a sensitivity of 60.4% and a specificity of 79.5%, 425 subjects would need to be recruited for a total cost of AU$348,000 (∼US$244,000). Strategy 3: Selecting E4 carriers positive for the blood test resulted in a sensitivity of 50.5% and specificity of 96.8%, yielding a recruitment of 508 subjects for a total cost of AU$321,000 (∼$225,000), Figure 2. Recruitment pipeline in strategy 3 (E4 carrier and positive for blood test) resulting in recruiting 508 subjects for a total cost of AU$321,371. See the Figure 1 legend for further details. The cost of recruiting 100 individuals older than 60 with confirmed Aβ by PET scan could be reduced by 49% by testing subjects for carrying at least one E4 allele. Adding extra blood exams could reduce that cost by a further 8%.
375: Gene Expression Profiling in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Identification of Differential Gene Expression Between Aggressive and Nonaggressive Tumors (2005)

You have accessJournal of UrologyVideo Session, Sunday, May 22, 2005 10:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 2005375: Gene Expression Profiling in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Identification of Differential Gene Expression Between Aggressive and Nonaggressive Tumors Alexander S. Parker, Farhad Kosari, John C. Cheville, and George Vasmatzis Alexander S. ParkerAlexander S. Parker More articles by this author , Farhad KosariFarhad Kosari More articles by this author , John C. ChevilleJohn C. Cheville More articles by this author , and George VasmatzisGeorge Vasmatzis More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)34628-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "375: Gene Expression Profiling in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Identification of Differential Gene Expression Between Aggressive and Nonaggressive Tumors." The Journal of Urology, 173(4S), pp. 102–103 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 4SApril 2005Page: 102-103 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Alexander S. Parker More articles by this author Farhad Kosari More articles by this author John C. Cheville More articles by this author George Vasmatzis More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Complex of .alpha.-chymotrypsin and N-acetyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanyl trifluoromethyl ketone: structural studies with NMR spectroscopy (1987)

A dipeptidyl trifluoromethyl ketone, N-acetyl-L-leucyl-L-[1-13C]phenylalanyl trifluoromethyl ketone, was synthesized. This compound inhibits chymotrypsin with Ki = 1.2 microM [Imperiali B., & Abeles, R.H. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 3760-3767]. The complex formed between this inhibitor and alpha-chymotrypsin was examined with 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR spectroscopy to establish its structure in solution. The keto group of the trifluoro ketone is present as an ionized hemiketal group as deduced from the comparison of its 13C chemical shift with those of model hemiketals. The pKa of the hemiketal hydroxyl in the complex is approximately 4.9, which is about 4.2 units lower than the pKa of model hemiketals. This observation provides direct evidence that serine proteases are able to stabilize the oxyanions of tetrahedral adducts. Evidence is also presented for the presence of an Asp-His H bond and protonation of the imidazole group of His-57 in the tetrahedral adduct. The pKa of His-57 is higher than 10. This observation directly indicates that the pKa of His-57 is elevated in a complex containing a tetrahedral adduct.
Immunoassay for Collagenase-Mediated Cleavage of Types I and II Collagens (2003)

This chapter describes the production and characterization of antibodies raised against neoepitopes in collagenase-cleaved collagen. It also details the development, validation, and use of immunoassays using such antibodies to measure specifically collagenase-mediated cleavage.
Purification and Characterization of Fatty Acid Binding Protein in Mammalian Lung (1985)

A fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) has been isolated and characterized from rat lung tissue. Rat lung FABP has a slightly higher molecular weight than liver FABP, but immunologically, lung FABP is similar to that of liver FABP. Long chain acyl CoA synthetase, a key enzyme in fatty acid metabolism is stimulated by partially purified lung FABP, suggesting a physiologic role of the protein in the activation of long chain fatty acids in pulmonary tissue.
Towards efficient densely integrated lasers (2014)

Densely integrated light sources are essential for centimeter scale data communication. In this paper we examine the factors and challenges influencing the efficiency of such devices. We then focus on studying the performance of reflector and out-coupling concepts using finite different time domain simulations.
Stability and predictive value of anti-JCV antibody index in multiple sclerosis: A 6-year longitudinal study (2017)

Anti-JCV antibody index remained relatively stable over 6-year follow-up with annual serostatus change of ~3%. Baseline anti-JCV antibody index predicted stable negative and stable positive JCV serostatus.
Aminoindanes—the next wave of ‘legal highs’? (2011)

Due to its closed ring system, 2-aminoindane is a conformationally rigid analogue of amphetamine. Internet websites offering synthetic compounds as 'research chemicals' have recently been advertising 5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane (MDAI), 5, 6-methylenedioxy-N-methyl-2-aminoindane (MDMAI), 5-iodo-2-aminoindane (5-IAI), and 5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-aminoindane (MMAI). The chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicological aspects of this new class of psychoactive substances are reviewed, as these could become the next wave of 'legal highs'.
Schiff base precursor compounds for the chemical beam epitaxy of oxide thin films. I. Deposition of CuO on MgO[001] using copper (II) bis(benzoylacetone)-ethylendiimine (1996)

A new precursor compound for the deposition of copper oxide thin films under molecular beam conditions, copper bis(benzoylacetone)-ethylenediimine, has been characterized by thermal analysis and in situ mass spectrometry. Its stability and decomposition behavior are reported as well as its use for the deposition of epitaxial copper oxide thin films on MgO.
Performance Analysis of Motion-Sensor Behavior for User Authentication on Smartphones (2016)

The growing trend of using smartphones as personal computing platforms to access and store private information has stressed the demand for secure and usable authentication mechanisms. This paper investigates the feasibility and applicability of using motion-sensor behavior data for user authentication on smartphones. For each sample of the passcode, sensory data from motion sensors are analyzed to extract descriptive and intensive features for accurate and fine-grained characterization of users' passcode-input actions. One-class learning methods are applied to the feature space for performing user authentication. Analyses are conducted using data from 48 participants with 129,621 passcode samples across various operational scenarios and different types of smartphones. Extensive experiments are included to examine the efficacy of the proposed approach, which achieves a false-rejection rate of 6.85% and a false-acceptance rate of 5.01%. Additional experiments on usability with respect to passcode length, sensitivity with respect to training sample size, scalability with respect to number of users, and flexibility with respect to screen size were provided to further explore the effectiveness and practicability. The results suggest that sensory data could provide useful authentication information, and this level of performance approaches sufficiency for two-factor authentication on smartphones. Our dataset is publicly available to facilitate future research.
Effects of short chain alkanols on the inducible nitric oxide synthase in a glial cell line (1999)

1. Ethanol inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in C6 glioma cells by an unknown mechanism. Because relatively high concentrations are needed for inhibition in drug-naive cells (IC50 approximately = to 150 mM), suppression due to cytotoxicity is one possible mechanism that has not been ruled out. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of ethanol and other alkanols on C6 glioma cell viability and iNOS activity to better understand the mechanism for inhibition. 2. iNOS expression was induced in cell culture with lipopolysaccharide and phorbol ester treatment. Nitrite accumulation in culture medium, the in vitro conversion of [3H]-L-arginine to [3H]-L-citrulline, and immunoblotting were used to quantify iNOS induction and activity. Trypan blue exclusion, extracellular release of lactate dehydrogenase, and quantity of total cell protein were used as measures of viability. 3. Short chain alkanols, methanol through 1-heptanol, concentration-dependently inhibited nitrite accumulation. Longer chain alkanols, 1-octanol and 1-decanol, did not except at cytotoxic concentrations. Experiments indicated short chain alkanol inhibition was not due to direct actions on iNOS catalytic activity, but that it transpires during iNOS induction. Immunoblots showed reduced iNOS protein levels. 4. Correlation analysis ruled out iNOS inhibition as being due to decreased cell number, total cell protein, or cell viability. In contrast, there was significant correlation with physical measures of lipophilicity. 5. In conclusion, inhibition of iNOS expression by ethanol and other short chain alkanols is not due to cytotoxicity. Instead, the strong correlation with lipophilicity suggests the inhibition derives from an interaction with unknown hydrophobic cellular sites.
Design and Characterization of the MKA-IV Robot for Ankle Rehabilitation (2018)

Hemiplegic survivors typically requires ankle rehabilitation to recover ankle motor function with considering the bilateral ankle balance. A new rehabilitation robotic system, named as MingKai Ankle IV (MKA-IV) has been proposed to address these challenges. The proposed rehabilitation robot consists of two symmetrical cascade mechanical platforms with three degree of freedoms (DOFs) each. Each ankle rehabilitation platform is composed of three rotational joints to achieve adduction/abduction, dorsifiexion/plantarflexion and inversion/eversion respectively. The novel symmetrical mechanical configuration allows patient to exercise his/her affected ankle by using the motion data collected from the sound side ankle. The corresponding kinematics has been derived to calculate platform's workspace. The kinematics/dynamics of the ankle rehabilitation robot is analyzed to verify its performance. The simulation had been performed to verify the correctness of the designed mechanical structure to reduce the ankle compensation during training. The experimental results illustrated that the robotic ankle joints can quickly response the input with time delay less than 5ms and maximum overshoot of 11.32%. The ankle training traces demonstrated that the ankle rehabilitation robot is capable of providing a solution for ankle training under different modes.
Paternal and grandpaternal ages at conception and descendant telomere lengths in chimpanzees and humans (2016)

These results suggest that sperm production rates across species may be a determinant of the PAC-effect on offspring TL. This raises the possibility that sperm production rates within species may influence the TL passed on to offspring.
Femtosecond Multicolor Pump−Probe Study of Ultrafast Electron Transfer of [(NH3)5RuIIINCRuII(CN)5]- in Aqueous Solution (2002)

Femtosecond multicolor pump−probe spectroscopy on the prototypical intramolecular electron-transfer compound ([(NH3)5RuNCRu(CN)5]-; RuRu) in aqueous solution is reported for the first time with sufficient time resolution and spectral coverage to monitor the complete spectral dynamics. From the dynamic absorption spectrum, constructed from the pump−probe data obtained over a wide range of probe wavelengths (570−1300 nm), accurate measurement of the electron transfer (ET) time (1/kET) have been obtained by a global analysis of the data. The data have lead to new insights on the role of solvent and solute nuclear motions in the ET process. Additionally, pump−probe experiments with variable wavelength pump pulses have revealed the presence of a pump wavelength-dependent dynamic feature at early time, which has been assigned to stimulated emission from nonequilibrium excited states.