gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urinary transforming growth factor-alpha in individuals exposed to arsenic in drinking water in Bangladesh (2001)

Recent evidence suggests that the development of skin lesions from arsenic exposure may be mediated by increases in the expression of various growth factors, including transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFα). To investigate this association in humans, levels of total urinary arsenic and urinary TGFα were determined in 41 individuals with and without arsenic-associated skin lesions from Bangladesh who have chronic exposure to arsenic in their drinking water. After adjusting for age and sex, total urinary arsenic was found to be correlated with urinary TGFα (R 2 = 0.37; p < 0.0001), particularly in those individuals with arsenic-associated skin lesions (R 2 = 0.70; p < 0.0001). Stratification of the cohort into quartiles based on urinary TGFα levels demonstrated a trend of increasing odds ratios for the presence of arsenic-associated skin lesions with increasing urinary TGFα, although this was not significant (p = 0.15). These results suggest that urinary TGFα may be a useful biomarker for the epidermal effects of arsenic exposure.
High-Power, Long-Lifetime InGaN/GaN/AlGaN-Based Laser Diodes Grown on Pure GaN Substrates (1998)

Epitaxially laterally overgrown GaN on sapphire was used to reduce the number of threading dislocations originating from the interface of the GaN epilayer with the sapphire substrate. The GaN layer above the SiO 2 mask area surrounding the window, corresponding to the lateral overgrowth, was nearly free of the threading dislocations. A high density of threading dislocations was observed in the vicinity of GaN grown in the window regions. InGaN multi-quantum-well-structure laser diodes (LDs) grown on pure GaN substrates, which were fabricated by removing the sapphire substrate, were demonstrated. The LDs with an output power of 5 mW exhibited a lifetime of more than 290 h and an estimated lifetime of 10,000 h despite a relatively large threshold current density. The far-field pattern of the LDs with a cleaved mirror facet revealed single-mode emission without any interference effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Vapor Deposition of Metal Oxides and Silicates: Possible Gate Insulators for Future Microelectronics. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Role of ethylene in the regulation of cell death and leaf loss in ozone‐exposed European beech (2005)

ABSTRACT To test the involvement of ethylene in mediating ozone‐induced cell death and leaf loss in European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.), tree seedlings were exposed to proportionally increased or decreased field ozone levels for up to 6 months. Ozone treatment caused cell death and accelerated leaf loss at higher than ambient levels, but had only minor effects at ambient and no effects at subambient ozone levels. The emission of ethylene, the levels of its precursor, 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate (ACC), and mRNA levels of specific ACC synthase ( FS‐ACS2 ) and ACC oxidase ( FS‐ACO1 ) isoforms showed a persistent increase and preceded cell death by approximately 2 weeks. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis led to reduced lesion formation whereas application of ACC accelerated ozone‐induced cell death and leaf loss. Similar results were obtained when adult beech trees were exposed to 2 × ozone by a whole tree free‐air canopy exposure system. The results suggest a role of ethylene in amplifying ozone effects under field conditions in this major European broad‐leaved tree species.
Hunting for the high‐affinity state of G‐protein‐coupled receptors with agonist tracers: Theoretical and practical considerations for positron emission tomography imaging (2018)

The concept of the high-affinity state postulates that a certain subset of G-protein-coupled receptors is primarily responsible for receptor signaling in the living brain. Assessing the abundance of this subset is thus potentially highly relevant for studies concerning the responses of neurotransmission to pharmacological or physiological stimuli and the dysregulation of neurotransmission in neurological or psychiatric disorders. The high-affinity state is preferentially recognized by agonists in vitro. For this reason, agonist tracers have been developed as tools for the noninvasive imaging of the high-affinity state with positron emission tomography (PET). This review provides an overview of agonist tracers that have been developed for PET imaging of the brain, and the experimental paradigms that have been developed for the estimation of the relative abundance of receptors configured in the high-affinity state. Agonist tracers appear to be more sensitive to endogenous neurotransmitter challenge than antagonists, as was originally expected. However, other expectations regarding agonist tracers have not been fulfilled. Potential reasons for difficulties in detecting the high-affinity state in vivo are discussed.
Traffic light mapping and detection (2011)

The outdoor perception problem is a major challenge for driver-assistance and autonomous vehicle systems. While these systems can often employ active sensors such as sonar, radar, and lidar to perceive their surroundings, the state of standard traffic lights can only be perceived visually. By using a prior map, a perception system can anticipate and predict the locations of traffic lights and improve detection of the light state. The prior map also encodes the control semantics of the individual lights. This paper presents methods for automatically mapping the three dimensional positions of traffic lights and robustly detecting traffic light state onboard cars with cameras. We have used these methods to map more than four thousand traffic lights, and to perform onboard traffic light detection for thousands of drives through intersections.
A Computational Study of the Inhibition of Humid CO Oxidation by HCI and CI2 during the Induction Period (1985)

Abstract The inhibition of the oxidation of humid CO by HCI and CI2 during the induction period has been investigated using a detailed chemical kinetic model. The calculations indicate that HCI and CI2 inhibit the hydrogen catalyzed path for the oxidation of CO and thus increasingly force CO oxidation to take place via the “dry” routes. The induction times for the CI2 inhibited cases exhibit an unusual non-Arrhenius behavior in which the overall activation energies also show a significant maximum.
Complexation des cations, des metaux lourds notamment, par les acides humiques (1984)

National audience
Translating the molecules: adapting neural machine translation to predict IUPAC names from a chemical identifier (2021)

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) publishes detailed guidance on the standardized naming of chemicals. However, their rules are complex and hard to apply to anything larger than a trivially small molecule, and there are no free and open-source utilities that apply these rules algorithmically. This is a significant problem for synthetic chemists who wish
Analyzing Cascading Effects of Spoofing Attacks on ADS-B Using a Discrete Model of Air Traffic Control Responses and AGMOD Dynamics (2021)

Cyber attacks on civil aviation critical information infrastructure such as Automatic Surveillance Dependent-Broadcast (ADS-B) spoofing targeting ground stations could cause major detrimental impacts to the performance of Air Traffic Management (ATM) operations. To mitigate the risks of spoofing attacks, a deep understanding of the possible impacts is crucial. Therefore, we analyzed the perturbated states of the flight ‘Arrivals-Ground Movement-Departures’ (AGMOD) dynamics during an emergency using a discrete events model. We simulated attack scenarios and observed the emerged cascading effects in the form of flight delay propagation through quantification of delayed time steps and number of affected aircraft within the AGMOD phases. Besides proving how ADS-B spoofing attacks propagate flight delays, our model is also able to render the dynamics of AGMOD key events based on Air Traffic Controller (ATC)’s response time during cyber-physical incidences. This capability is ideal for decision makers in forming mitigation plans to enhance operational resilience.
Regulation of Steroid Secretion by Adrenal Tissue of a Human Anencephalic Fetus* (1980)

ACTH-stimulated adrenal tissue of a human anencephalic fetus, when maintained in organ culture, secreted appreciable quantities of cortisol but little dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate or pregnenolone sulfate. In the absence of ACTH, cortisol secretion was severely attenuated. Arginine vasopressin or alpha MSH, when added to the culture medium, did not stimulate steroid secretion. When whole human serum was present in the culture medium bathing the adrenal tissue of the anencephalic fetus, the rate of cortisol secretion was similar to that attained when lipoprotein-poor serum was in the medium. Based on these findings, it is concluded that in the presence of ACTH, the adrenals of the anencephalic fetus secrete principally cortisol, and the failure of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate and pregnenolone sulfate secretion is due to the absence of the fetal zone. The lack of stimulation of cortisol secretion by lipoprotein is probably due to a reduced number of low density lipoprotein receptors resulting from diminished ACTH stimulation before birth.
Distributed Dynamic Call Admission Control and Channel Allocation Using SARSA (2005)

This paper introduces novel reinforcement learning agent-based solutions to the problems of call admission control (CAC) and dynamic channel allocation (DCA) in multi-cellular telecommunications environments featuring multi-class traffic and intercell handoffs. Both agents providing the CAC and DCA functionality make use of an on-policy reinforcement learning technique known as SARSA and are designed to be implemented at the cellular level in a distributed manner. Furthermore, both are capable of on-line learning without any initial training period. Both of the reinforcement learning agents are examined via computer simulations and are shown to provide superior results in terms of call blocking probabilities and revenue raised under a variety of traffic conditions
Power electronics - key to the next level of automotive electrification (2012)

Power electronic semiconductors from the viewpoint of an automotive OEM. Improving efficiency, especially in the “hidden” utilization of power electronic semiconductors, defines the next level of automotive electrification. AUDI breaks new ground in the semiconductor industry by strongly influencing the future of power electronics. Next to new products and functions, new forms of collaboration, networks and partnerships are needed.
Optimising EEG-fMRI for Localisation of Focal Epilepsy in Children (2016)

A child friendly natural stimulus improves the tolerability of EEG-fMRI and reduces in-scanner movement without having an effect on IED occurrence and quality of EEG-fMRI maps. This allowed us to scan children as young as 6 and obtain localising information without sedation. Our data suggest that ~20 minutes is the optimal length of scanning for EEG-fMRI studies in children with frequent IED. The efficiency of the fMRI design derived from spontaneous IED generation is an important factor for producing concordant results.
Cell biological aspects of the vasopressin type-2 receptor and aquaporin 2 water channel in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (2006)

In the renal collecting duct, water reabsorption is regulated by the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin (AVP). Binding of this hormone to the vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R) leads to insertion of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channels in the apical membrane, thereby allowing water reabsorption from the pro-urine to the interstitium. The disorder nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is characterized by the kidney's inability to concentrate pro-urine in response to AVP, which is mostly acquired due to electrolyte disturbances or lithium therapy. Alternatively, NDI is inherited in an X-linked or autosomal fashion due to mutations in the genes encoding V2R or AQP2, respectively. This review describes the current knowledge of the cell biological causes of NDI and how these defects may explain the patients' phenotypes. Also, the increased understanding of these cellular defects in NDI has opened exciting initiatives in the development of novel therapies for NDI, which are extensively discussed in this review.
Micromachined silicon microvalve (2002)

The fabrication and experimental results of an electrostatically actuated silicon microvalve which modulates a gas flow are presented. The microvalve converts an electric signal to a pneumatic signal for pressure or gas-flow control. Application areas for the microvalve include pneumatic flow control for industrial, commercial, and medical applications. The microvalve is integrally fabricated on a single silicon wafer using surface and bulk micromachining. The microvalve operates against pressures of up to 114 mmHg and flows of up to 150 sccm with a 30 volt signal and hold back pressures of up to 760 mmHg. The valve may be operated in DC or pulse width-modulated voltage modes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Grating sensor array demodulation by use of a passively mode-locked fiber laser (1997)

A fiber Bragg grating sensor array is interrogated by use of a passively mode-locked fiber laser source. A novel demodulation scheme that uses highly dispersive fiber to convert the grating wavelength shift to a temporal shift in the arrival time of the reflected pulses is demonstrated. The source bandwidth of >85 nm permits interrogation of many-grating arrays, and the demodulation technique permits fast sensing of large strains.
Employers’ Attitudes and Likely Reactions to the Workplace Pension Reforms 2009 (2010)

This report presents findings of a quantitative survey carried out in 2009 to explore employer’s attitudes and likely reactions to the workplace pension reforms. It involved telephone interviews with 2,550 private sector employers across Great Britain, selected to reflect diversity in terms of employer’s size, current level of provision and likely future contribution levels. The research was carried out by TNS-BMRB and NIESR on behalf of the Department for Work and Pensions. The study was commissioned as part of a programme of research and analysis to inform policy development, implementation and estimation of the likely impacts of the workplace pension reforms.
Fuzzy logic based tools for classification and reasoning with uncertainty (2003)

Two methods for classification processes affected by uncertainty in the description phase and the class definition phase and for approximate reasoning in decision-making activities with a combination of certain and uncertain knowledge are described. Based on the two frameworks, an integrated set of automated fuzzy-logic-based tools for classification and decision-making activities has been developed and inserted in a classical logic programming environment. A homogeneous and flexible environment for the automatic handling of certain and uncertain knowledge in classification and decision problems is obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Method for testing the dislocation resistance of middle ear prostheses (2021)

Introduction Active and passive prostheses for hearing rehabilitation are anchored to the anatomical structures in the middle ear using various methods. Such coupling must be able to resist dislocation due to atmospheric pressure fluctuations and forces caused by the implant's own movements in the case of active components. Furthermore, there is the possibility of a dislocation due to an accident-related external force acting on the skull.
Distribution of Transmission Potential During Nonsevere COVID-19 Illness (2020)

Among patients with nonsevere COVID-19, viral loads in upper respiratory specimens peak by 2 or 3 days from symptom onset and decrease rapidly thereafter. The vast majority of the viral load-time AUC lies within 10 days of symptom onset.
Development and Regenerative Ability of Bladder in the Transgenic Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Knockout Mouse (1997)

Signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway is not necessary for normal bladder development or bladder regeneration after injury.
A New Type Sink-Float Separator for Waste Plastics (1976)

A new type sink-float separator has been devised to reuse waste plastics which are containing polyethylene, polypropylen, polystyrene and polyvinylchloride. This separator consists of three sections, i.e., conditioning, separation and sink discharge sections. In conditioning section, a solution of wetting agent is circulated by an air lift pump in order to make surface of the plastics hydrophilic, and the plastics are transported by the circulating flows. Because of no appreciable difference in specific gravity among the plastics, this sink-float separation process is carried out at a static state. The sinks are dischargedf rom the bottom of the separation section by utilizing the circulating flow in the discharge section without affecting aqueous solution in the separation section.Various mixtures of the plastics were satisfactorily separated by using the laboratory scale sink-float separator. Each of the products contained less than 1% of impurity.On the basis of these results, a large scale separator was developed for industrial use. The size of the separator was 380mm in width, 1700mm in length and 1300mm in depth. The separator was able to treat plastic wastes at about 150kg/hr in capacity.At present, this separator is industrially used for reuse of waste plastics.
Thermoacoustic CT with Radio Waves: A Medical Imaging Paradigm (1999)

The authors evaluated images obtained with a prototypic thermoacoustic computed tomographic (CT) scanner constructed for use at 434 MHz, a promising radio frequency for detecting breast cancer. In one excised porcine kidney, acoustic energy emanating from the kidney was detected with transducers. The resultant electric signals were used to create a three-dimensional data set. Two-dimensional images reconstructed in multiple planes were compared with state-of-the-art T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. The renal outline, parenchyma, and collecting system were clearly delineated on the thermoacoustic CT images.
LP‐B: Late‐News Poster: A 60‐in. HDTV Rear‐Projector with Continuous‐Grain‐Silicon Technology (1998)

Abstract HDTV rear 60″ projector were fabricated using monolithic TFT‐LCD's with newly developed Continuous Grain Silicon (CGS) film. High speed circuit operation due to excellent TFT characteristics was realized. As a result we obtained LCD images without periodic unevenness using data driver without video signal expansion.
Doubly responsive polymer-microgel composites: rheology and structure (2008)

International audience
Preliminary Studies on Students' Understanding of Electricity and Magnetism for the Development of a Model Dased Diagnostic Instrument (2001)

Learning is context dependent. Hence, the development of diagnostic tools should follow from extensive qualitative research that reveals the subtle relations between contexts and the development of students' knowledge. In this paper, we present initial results within the framework of developing a model based diagnostic instrument on electricity and magnetism.
Power Supply of Accelerated Particles of Identical Energy (1971)

Abstract : The paper describes in detail the invention of a source of equal energy accelerated particles. The unit contains a resonance transformer with a yoke divided into segments and with an accelerator tube built into the yoke and is characterized by the fact that the transformer has a strong inductive coupling between the windings, as well as a supplementary oscillatory circuit with lumped capacitance. The accelerator tube is equipped with lead shields to limit the area of radiation propagation. The injector has a control grid, connected with the control system, to stabilize the voltage in the tube. (Author)
Aldose Reductase Regulates Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated-Inflammatory Signals (2003)

Aldose reductase (AKR1B1, abbreviated as AR) is an aldoketo reductase (AKR) that catalyzes the reduction of glucose to sorbitol, which is the first and rate-limiting step of the polyol pathway. The enzyme is also efficient in reducing multiple lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates. However, the physiological significance of AR catalysis in intracellular signaling and cell cycle regulation has not been assessed. Our recent observations suggest that AR mediates the mitogenic and cytotoxic signals of reactive oxygen species generated by growth factors as well as cytokines. The mitogenic role of AR is supported by the observations that inhibition of AR attenuates TNF-α, PDGF or bFGF, but not phorbol ester (PMA)-mediated activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factors — NF-κB and AP1. In vivo, these stimuli are key regulators of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. Pretreatment with AR inhibitors also prevented the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) induced by TNF-α, bFGF, and PDGF but not PMA, indicating that inhibition of the PKC/NF-κB pathway may be a significant cause of the anti-inflammatory effects of AR inhibitors. Collectively, these observations suggest that AR may be a critical and essential mediator of vascular inflammation and that it may be required to facilitate multiple signaling events regulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis.
Dimensioning playout buffers from an ATM network (1994)

The interaction of traffic streams within an ATM network raises several interesting ques-tions concerning the size of buffers at various positions within the network. Even an initially deterministic input stream of cells will be perturbed by cross traffic, producing cell delay variation that varies across the network. In this paper we particularly focus on the dimensioning of playout buffers, and investigate how earlier work of van den Berg and Resing [5] and of D’Ambrosio and Melen (11 can be combined with classical bounds for the GI /G / l queue to give insight into the output buffer required if a smooth playout of cells is to be achieved. We investigate the effect of both the number of stages across the network and the rate of the stream. A possibly surprising conclusion is that as the rate of the stream decreases the required output buffer size may actually increase. While the cell delay variation of small rate streams may cause no problems for buffers within the network, the cell delay variation introduced by the network may cause problems for the customer on output. I 2 n 2
Experimental designs for sensitivity analysis of simulation models (2001)

This introductory tutorial gives a survey on the use of statistical designs for what-if or sensitivity analysis in simulation. This analysis uses regression analysis to approximate the input/output transformation that is implied by the simulation model; the resulting regression model is also known as metamodel, response surface, compact model, emulator, etc. This regression analysis gives better results when the simulation experiment is well designed, using classical statistical designs (such as fractional factorials, including 2 designs). These statistical techniques reduce the ad hoc character of k - p simulation; that is, these techniques can make simulation studies give more general results, in less time. KEYWORDS Design of experiments; regression; simulation; metamodel; interpolation 1