gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-High Quantum Yield of Graphene Quantum Dots: Aromatic-Nitrogen Doping and Photoluminescence Mechanism (2014)

1–3 nm nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots with quantum yield of 0.74 are synthesized via cutting graphene oxide and in situ doping. The size is determined by the remaining graphitic domains of precursor. The doping mechanism is illustrated, and the dominant photoluminescence factor is experimentally confirmed to be the n–π* transition between the lattice-doped nitrogen and the conjugate structure of graphene. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Integrated Motor/Propulsor Duct Optimization for Increased Vehicle and Propulsor Performance (2011)

This paper presents a computational study to better understand the underlying fluid dynamics associated with various duct shapes and the resultant impact on both total vehicle drag and propulsor efficiency. A post-swirl propulsor configuration (downstream stator blade row) was selected with rotor and stator blade number kept constant. A generic undersea vehicle hull shape was chosen and the maximum shroud radius was required to lie within this body radius. A cylindrical rim-driven electric motor capable of generating a specific horsepower to achieve the design operational velocity required a set volume that established a design constraint limiting the shape of the duct. Individual duct shapes were designed to produce constant flow acceleration from upstream of the rotor blade row to downstream of the stator blade row. Ducts producing accelerating and decelerating flow were systematically examined. The axisymmetric Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) version of fluent® was used to study the fluid dynamics associated with a range of accelerated and decelerated duct flow cases as well as provide the base total vehicle drag. For each given duct shape, the propeller blade design code, PBD 14.3, was used to generate an optimized rotor and stator. To provide fair comparisons, the maximum rotor radius was held constant with similar circulation distributions intended to generate equivalent amounts of thrust. Computations predicted that minimum vehicle drag was produced with a duct that produced zero mean flow acceleration. Ducted designs generating accelerating or decelerating flow increased drag. However, propulsive efficiency based exclusively on blade thrust and torque was significantly increased for accelerating flow through the duct and reduced for decelerating flow cases. Full 3D RANS flow simulations were then conducted for select test cases to quantify the specific blade, hull, and shroud forces and highlight the increased component drag produced by an operational propulsor, which reduced overall propulsive efficiency. From these results, a final optimized design was proposed.
[The advance in study of sudden cardiac death mechanism]. (2004)

Incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is increasing yearly all over the world,and SCD has become the largest killer of all diseases. Currently, lots of studies in this field have been launched worldwide. The review focuses on latest research result of its pathology, neuro-endocrine, electrophysiology, especially its mechanism of molecular biology.
Propeptide processing during factor IX biosynthesis. Effect of point mutations adjacent to the propeptide cleavage site. (1993)

Factor IX is synthesized in a precursor form with a propeptide that contains the gamma-carboxylation recognition site, an element which directs the post-translational gamma-carboxylation of adjacent glutamic acid residues. After protein synthesis, the propeptide is cleaved to yield the mature Factor IX. To study propeptide processing, anti-proFactor IX antibodies were prepared using a synthetic peptide based upon the sequence of the Factor IX propeptide. Immunoaffinity-purified anti-proFactor IX antibodies were reactive with Factor IX Cambridge, a mutant form of Factor IX containing the propeptide, but were not reactive with Factor IX. These antibodies were used to examine the proteolytic processing of forms of Factor IX containing point mutations at P6, P3, P2, P1, P1', P2', and P3' adjacent to the propeptide cleavage site in order to determine the requirement of each of these amino acids for propeptide cleavage. Furthermore, the hierarchy of different pairs of basic residues at positions P1 and P2 was analyzed. The mutated cDNA constructs were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Propeptide processing was examined using intrinsically labeled Factor IX immunoprecipitated with either anti-pro-Factor IX antibodies or anti-Factor IX:total antibodies, and the Factor IX species were separated by SDS-gel electrophoresis. Under the expression conditions employed, the propeptide of wild type Factor IX was almost completely removed, whereas Factor IX mutated to threonine at P1 was not cleaved. The percentage of propeptide cleaved varied with the amino acid sequences of residues P2 and P1, respectively: Lys-Arg (93%), Arg-Arg (66%), Thr-Arg (33%), Arg-Lys (19%), Lys-Lys (10%), and Lys-Thr (< 1%). Apart from alterations of basic amino acids at P1 and P2, nonconservative mutations at P6 and P3 decreased propeptide cleavage, whereas conservative mutations at P3, P1', P2', or P3' resulted in cleavage efficiencies approximately equal to that for wild type Factor IX. These results indicate that the preference of paired basic residues at P1 and P2 is similar to other endopeptidases active toward proteins secreted through the constitutive pathway and that the propeptide residues NH2-terminal to these paired basic residues are important in defining enzyme-substrate binding.
A Smart Phosphine–Diyne Polymer Displays “Turn-On” Emission with a High Selectivity for Gold(I/III) Ions (2020)

A polymeric phosphine sensor is reported that exhibits bright blue fluorescence in the presence of gold(I/III) ions but is nonemissive with other metal ions. Specifically, solutions of a poly(<i>p</i>-arylenediethynylene phosphine) copolymer are 35 or 94 times more emissive when treated with solutions of (tht)AuCl or HAuCl<sub>4</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O, respectively. Model compound studies confirm phosphine coordination to metals, including gold(I/III) and rhodium(I), and the selective "turn-on" fluorescence was investigated using time-dependent density functional theory calculations.
Mutations Synthetically Lethal With tpm1Δ Lie in Genes Involved in Morphogenesis (1997)

Yeast contains two genes, TPM1 and TPM2, encoding tropomyosins, either of which can provide an essential function in the yeast cytoskeleton. To elucidate more clearly the function of the major tropomyosin, encoded by TPM1, we have isolated mutations that confer synthetic lethality with the null mutant of TPM1. Here we describe a phenotypic and genetic analysis of mutations in TSL1/BEM2, TSL2, TSL3, TSL5, and TSL6 (tropomyosin synthetic lethal). All the mutants exhibit clear morphological and some actin cytoskeletal defects, but are not noticeably defective in secretion, endocytosis, or organelle segregation. The lethality conferred by tsl tpm1delta mutations could be specifically suppressed by either TPM1 or an additional copy of TPM2. This implies that the essential function compromised in the tsl tpm1delta constructs is the same essential function for which Tpm1p or Tpm2p is necessary. Synthetic interactions and unlinked noncomplementation were observed between the tsl mutants, suggesting that they participate in related functions involving morphogenesis. In support of this, tsl6-1 was identified as an allele of the nonessential gene SLT2 or MPK1 whose product is a MAP kinase regulating cell wall synthesis. These results indicate that this synthetic lethality approach provides a sensitive screen for the isolation of mutations affecting morphogenesis, many of which are likely to be in nonessential genes, like BEM2 and SLT2.
Biological effectiveness of neutrons: Research needs (1994)

The goal of this report was to provide a conceptual plan for a research program that would provide a basis for determining more precisely the biological effectiveness of neutron radiation with emphasis on endpoints relevant to the protection of human health. This report presents the findings of the experts for seven particular categories of scientific information on neutron biological effectiveness. Chapter 2 examines the radiobiological mechanisms underlying the assumptions used to estimate human risk from neutrons and other radiations. Chapter 3 discusses the qualitative and quantitative models used to organize and evaluate experimental observations and to provide extrapolations where direct observations cannot be made. Chapter 4 discusses the physical principles governing the interaction of radiation with biological systems and the importance of accurate dosimetry in evaluating radiation risk and reducing the uncertainty in the biological data. Chapter 5 deals with the chemical and molecular changes underlying cellular responses and the LET dependence of these changes. Chapter 6, in turn, discusses those cellular and genetic changes which lead to mutation or neoplastic transformation. Chapters 7 and 8 examine deterministic and stochastic effects, respectively, and the data required for the prediction of such effects at different organizational levels and for the extrapolation from experimental results in animals to risks for man. Gaps and uncertainties in this data are examined relative to data required for establishing radiation protection standards for neutrons and procedures for the effective and safe use of neutron and other high-LET radiation therapy.
Design and synthesis of the stabilized analogs of belactosin A with the unnatural cis-cyclopropane structure (2013)

The belactosin A analog 2a, having the unnatural cis-cyclopropane structure instead of the trans-cyclopropane structure in belactosin A, is a much more potent proteasome inhibitor than belactosin A. However, its cell growth inhibitory effect is rather lower than that expected from its remarkable proteasome inhibitory effect, probably due to its instability under cellular conditions. We hypothesized that the instability of 2a was due to chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of the strained β-lactone moiety. Thus, to increase the stability of 2a by chemical modification, its analogs with a sterically more hindered β-lactone moiety and/or cyclopropylic strain-based conformational restriction were designed and synthesized, resulting in the identification of a stabilized analog 6a as a proteasome inhibitor with cell growth inhibitory effects. Our findings suggest that the chemical and biological stability of 2a is significantly affected by the steric hindrance around its β-lactone carbonyl moiety and the conformational flexibility of the molecule.
Design considerations for the airframe-integrated scramjet (1973)

Research programs at the NASA Langley Research Center on the development of airframe-integrated scramjet concepts (supersonic combustion ramjet) are reviewed briefly. The design and performance of a specific scramjet configuration are examined analytically by use of recently developed and substantiated techniques on boundary-layer development, heat transfer, fuel-air mixing, heat-release rates, and engine-cycle analysis. These studies indicate that the fixed-geometry scramjet module will provide practical levels of thrust performance with low cooling requirements. Areas which need particular emphasis in further development work are the combustor design for low speeds and the integrated nozzle design.
High-frequency ultrasound, computed tomography and computed tomography arthrography of the cranial cruciate ligament, menisci and cranial meniscotibial ligaments in 10 radiographically normal canine cadaver stifles (2019)

Normal canine menisci are heterogeneous on high-frequency US and a fibrillar pattern may be observed in the cranial meniscotibial ligaments and the distal portion of the CrCrL. Linear areas of contrast may be detected within the cranial cruciate ligament of radiographically normal stifles.
On the Arbitrary-Length $M$-Channel Linear Phase Perfect Reconstruction Filter Banks (2009)

This correspondence extends the theory and lattice factorizations for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> -channel linear phase perfect reconstruction filter banks (LPPRFBs). We deal with FIR FBs with real-valued filter coefficients in which all filters have the same <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">arbitrary</i> length L = KM + beta (0 les beta < M) and same symmetry center, in contrast to traditional constrained length profile <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> = <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">KM</i> . First, refined existence conditions on this larger class of FBs are given. Then, lattice structures are developed for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">both</i> odd and even-channel FBs, and their relationship with time-domain lapped transforms is explained. These structures are more general compared to conventional design methods, and cover them as special cases. Furthermore, we discuss how to structurally impose the regularity onto the lattice structure to ensure the smoothness of the basis function, which is very desirable in high performance image compression. Finally, these lattice structures are proven to be <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">minimal</i> in terms of the number of delay elements used in implementation, and to <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">completely</i> span the class of LPPRFBs with length <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> les 2 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> and the whole class of linear phase paraunitary filter banks (LPPUFBs).
Obesity and the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease (2003)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of mortality in the United States. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking have all been directly related to CHD. Obesity is on the rise in the United States and has also been associated with CHD. This review clearly establishes obesity as an independent risk factor for CHD as demonstrated by the Framingham Heart Study, Nurses Health Study, Buffalo Health Study, and the Cancer Prevention Study II. Morbid obesity was found to correlate with a significant risk of mortality from CHD, especially in young men. Prevention of obesity, and therefore reduction in risk from cardiovascular disease, is paramount in the management of obesity. New approaches to behavioral, medical, and surgical management of obesity are reviewed, including thalidomide, an antiangiogenic agent. A primary and secondary prevention model details a multidisciplinary approach to reducing risk in obesity.
Proceedings of the 2017 Workshop on Automated Decision Making for Active Cyber Defense (2017)

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the SafeConfig'17 Workshop. This workshop is in its 10th year, each one focusing on different aspect of cyber systems. The 2017 workshop focuses on applying the scientific method to active cyber defense research. The objective is to examine the implementation of science practices in cyber defense research and understand the ramification of tradeoffs between simplifications to obtain interpretable results vs. observational studies of systems in the wild where the results can lead to ambiguous interpretations In addition, the workshop will explore how in the cybersecurity field, researchers can apply these principles by examining the processes used to move from initial hypothesis to experimentation to implementation. As applying the scientific approach throughout the lifecycle of a research and development effort enables independent replication and verification of results, we hypothesize this approach will result in higher assurance in the operation of resulting technologies. This concept necessitates potentially a significant alteration in the way cybersecurity and cyber resilience researcher approach their problem sets. The call for papers attracted submissions from Asia, Europe, and the United States. Of the 10 papers submitted, the program committee recommended acceptance of 5 for an overall acceptance rate of 50%. In addition to the six accepted papers, we are also excited to have one keynote and a panel to examine this topic. Each panelist will be provided 15 minutes to express their viewpoint prior to sitting of the panel. The first keynote will be given by Dr. Bill Sanders from the University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign. Bill is a Donald Biggar Willett Professor of Engineering and the Head of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and a founding member of the UIUC Information Trust Institute. He will discuss the flow from the science of cyber security and resilience to the engineering of their resulting technologies. The workshop will end with panel of experts to discuss their perspective of the subject of this workshop. The specific participants include: Dan Massey, University of Colorado at Boulder Latifur Khan, University of Texas at DallasJeff Picciotto, The MITRE CorporationTBD
Reflective metalogical frameworks (2004)

A metalogical framework is a logic with an associated methodology that is used to represent other logics and to reason about their metalogical properties. We propose that logical frameworks can be good metalogical frameworks when their theories always have initial models and they support reflective and parameterized reasoning.We develop this thesis both abstractly and concretely. Abstractly, we formalize our proposal as a set of requirements and explain how any logic satisfying these requirements can be used for metalogical reasoning. Concretely, we present membership equational logic as a particular metalogic that satisfies these requirements. Using membership equational logic, and its realization in the Maude system, we show how reflection can be used for different, nontrivial kinds of formal metatheoretic reasoning. In particular, one can prove metatheorems that relate theories or establish properties of parameterized classes of theories.
Memory B and T Cells (1991)

Three remarkable and unique features of the immune system are specificity, diversity, and memory. Immunological memory involves both T and B cells and results in a secondary antibody response that is faster, of higher affinity, and results in the secretion of non-IgM isotypes of Ig. In this review we discuss the properties of memory T and B cells, their specific receptors, and the events which occur both in the nucleus and on the cell surface during generation and activation of these cells. Although memory T and B cells use different mechanisms to elaborate memory, there are a number of interesting analogies: lymphokines vs antibodies and affinity maturation of B cell antigen receptors vs upregulation of adhesion molecules on T cells. Finally, we discuss the importance of these cells in health and disease and suggest what impact additional information about these cells might have on the manipulation of the immune response.
Challenging the six-hour recommendation for reprocessing sterilisable medical equipment (2018)

This study challenges the six-hour recommendation for reprocessing sterilisable medical equipment. We investigate whether an increase in residual protein content is present proportional to holding time before reprocessing is initiated, and whether an increase in corrosion is present on surgical scissors proportional to holding time before reprocessing is initiated.
Glutaryl Acylases: One‐Reaction Enzymes or Versatile Enantioselective Biocatalysts? (2003)

Abstract A significant broad substrate specificity, that crosses over the usual β‐lactam derivatives, has been observed with an industrial glutaryl‐7‐aminocephalosporanic acid acylase (GA). This enzyme possesses significant enantioselective amidase and even esterase activity, with a stereopreference for the S ‐enantiomer. The easy separation of products from unreacted reagents, possessing different physical‐chemical properties, is achieved by solvent extraction, avoiding chromatography or distillation during reaction work‐up.
Renaissance of pyridine-oxazolines as chiral ligands for asymmetric catalysis (2018)

Oxazoline-containing ligands have been widely employed in numerous asymmetric catalytic reactions. Pyridine-oxazoline-type ligands, a class of hybrid ligands, were designed earlier than bisoxazoline and phosphine-oxazoline ligands; however, their unique properties have only been discovered recently. Pyridine-oxazoline-type chiral ligands are rapidly becoming popular for use in asymmetric catalysis, especially for several new and efficient asymmetric methodologies. Several types of challenging asymmetric reactions have been discovered recently using pyridine-oxazoline-type ligands showing their special properties and potential for future application in a wide range of new catalytic methodologies. This review provides an overview of this field, with the aim of highlighting both ligand design and synthetic methodology development.
A Clinically Oriented Review of the Landmark Clinical Trials Comparing Warfarin and Aspirin to Novel Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation (2019)

Objective: Until recently, oral anticoagulant drug options for patients with atrial fibrillation were limited to vitamin K antagonists. Over the last few years, three novel oral anticoagulants have been approved by the FDA for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in atrial fibrillation and a fourth drug is currently under consideration for FDA approval. Recent large clinical trials have compared these four novel oral anticoagulants to warfarin or aspirin and found them to be non-inferior or superior for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in atrial fibrillation without increasing the risk of major bleeding. Furthermore, all four novel oral anticoagulants have been shown to significantly decrease the risk of intracranial hemorrhage compared to warfarin. Understanding the similarities and differences among these new anticoagulant drugs is of paramount importance when choosing the optimal anticoagulant for an individual patient. Detailed evaluation and understanding of the subtle nuances in clinical outcomes between the various anticoagulants in different trials allows the practicing clinician to make a better informed decision when recommending oral anticoagulation to patients. This review provides a clinically relevant discussion of the landmark novel oral anticoagulant trials in atrial fibrillation and provides specific recommendations to inform the practicing clinician.
An Artificial Iris ASIC with High Voltage Liquid Crystal Driver, 10 nA Light Range Detector and 40 nA Blink Detector for LCD Flicker Removal (2020)

In a functional eye, the iris controls the pupil diameter to regulate the exposure of the retina. While iris deficiencies such as aniridia or leiomyoma can be mitigated with fixed or adaptive artificial irises [1] and adaptive transparency glasses exist to alleviate this situation, they do not mimic the normal functionality of the natural iris. To address this, a fully encapsulated, self-contained artificial iris embedded in a smart contact lens is proposed. A control ASIC is developed in 0.18 μm 16 V BCD TSMC with typ. 1.9 μw current consumption from 3 V supply voltage at office light condition.