gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Varifocal augmented reality adopting electrically tunable uniaxial plane-parallel plates (2020)

Vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) is a major challenge in optical-see through augmented reality (AR) system. To resolve this conflict, many approaches are proposed, for instance, by means of adjustment of the projected virtual image to coincide with the surroundings, called image registration, which is more often referred to as varifocal function. In this paper, a varifocal AR system is demonstrated by adopting electrically tunable liquid crystal (LC) plane-parallel plates to solve VAC problem. The LC plates provide electrically tunable optical paths when the directors of LC molecules are re-orientated with applied voltages, which leads to a corresponding change of light speed for an extraordinary wave. To provide a sufficient tunable optical path, three pieces of multiple-layered LC structures are used with the total thickness of the active LC layers (∼510 μm). In experiments, the projected virtual image can be adjusted from 1.4 m to 2.1 m away from the AR system, while the thickness of LC plane-parallel plates are only less than 3 mm without any mechanical moving part. When light propagates in the uniaxial LC layers, the wave vector and the Poynting vector are different. The longitudinal displacement of the image plane is determined by Poynting vectors rather than wave vectors. As a result, the analysis of the AR system should be based on Poynting vectors during geometrical optical analysis. Surprisingly, the tunable range of the longitudinal displacement of Poynting vectors is 2-fold larger than the tunable range of the wave vectors. Moreover, the virtual image shifts in opposite directions with respect to the Poynting vectors and wave vectors. The proposed AR system is not only simple but also thin, and it exhibits a large clear aperture. The investigation here paves the way to a simple solution of the VAC problem for augmented reality systems.
Identification of consensus sequence from matrix attachment regions and functional analysis of its activity in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells (2019)

Matrix attachment regions (MARs) can enhance transgene expression levels and maintain stability. However, the consensus sequence from MARs and its functional analysis remains to be examined. Here, we assessed a possible consensus sequence from MARs and assessed its activity in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. First, we analyzed the effects of 10 MARs on transfected CHO cells and then analyzed the consensus motifs from these MARs using a bioinformatics method. The consensus sequence was synthesized and cloned upstream or downstream of the eukaryotic vector. The constructs were transfected into CHO cells and the expression levels and stability of enhanced green fluorescent protein were detected by flow cytometry. The results indicated that eight of the ten MARs increased transgene expression in transfected CHO cells. Three consensus motifs were found after bioinformatics analyses. The consensus sequence tandemly enhanced transgene expression when it was inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector; the effect of the addition upstream was stronger than that downstream. Thus, we found a MAR consensus sequence that may regulate the MAR-mediated increase in transgene expression.
Technology of SINS/USBL highly tightly coupled integrated navigation based on phase difference measurements (2019)

Aiming at the poor accuracy of traditional SINS/USBL combined positioning method, this paper designs a new SINS/USBL highly tightly coupled integrated navigation algorithm based on phase difference measurements. Firstly, a SINS/USBL combined positioning structure based on double transponders is designed. By analyzing the error factors affecting the positioning accuracy of ultra-short baseline system, this paper establishes observation equation with the phase and slant range between the transponder and the hydrophone. This method can effectively eliminate the common errors in the USBL positioning system and improve the positioning performance of SINS/USBL integrated navigation system. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, a simulation experiment for SINS/USBL integrated navigation system is carried out. The simulation results show that this method can effectively improve the positioning accuracy of SINS/USBL integrated navigation system compared with the traditional positioning algorithm.
Path planning and control of a quadrotor UAV: A symbolic approach (2017)

The symbolic approach is an emerging technology for controller design of hybrid control systems, which is based on discrete abstractions i.e. symbolic models. In this paper, the problem of path planning and control of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is investigated in the framework of symbolic approach. The design procedure is presented, and the symbolic controller is developed by utilizing the abstractions of the physical plant and the specifications, which are described by concrete temporary logics. SCOTS software is used for computation, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by two numerical examples.
Pulse Width, Stimulus Intensity, Electrode Placement, and Polarity during Assessment of Neuromuscular Block (1995)

The total current charge required for evoking a supramaximal neuromuscular response is much higher than previously appreciated, and electrode polarity is important in attaining a supramaximal plateau. Failure to attain (and maintain) a supramaximal stimulus allows changes in the effectiveness of neurostimulation, thus influencing the magnitude of the evoked neuromuscular response and confounding measurements of neuromuscular block.
A survey and comparative study of data deduplication techniques (2015)

Increase in enormous amount of digital data needs more storage space, which in turn significantly increases the cost of backup and its performance. Traditional backup solutions do not provide any inherent capability to prevent duplicate data from being backed up. Backup of duplicate data significantly increases the backup time and unnecessary consumption of resources. Data Deduplication plays an important role in eliminating this redundant data and reducing the storage consumption. Its main intend is how to reduce more duplicates efficiently, removing them at high speed and to achieve good duplicate removal ratio. Many mechanisms have been proposed to meet these objectives. It has been observed that achieving one objective may affect the other. In this paper we classify and review the existing deduplication techniques. We also present evaluation of deduplication algorithms by measuring their performance in terms of complexity and efficiency with unstructured files. We propose an efficient means to achieve high deduplication ratio with minimum backup window. We also indicate some key issues need to focus in the future work.
Document Representation and Dimension Reduction for Text Clustering (2007)

Increasingly large text damsels and the high dimensionality associated with natural language create a great challenge in text mining, In this research, a systematic study is conducted. in which three different document representation methods for text are used, together with three Dimension Reduction Techniques (DRT), in the context of the text clustering problem. Several standard benchmark datasets are used. The three Document representation methods considered are based on the vector space model, and they include word, multi-word term, and character N-gram representations. The dimension reduction methods are. independent component analysis (ICA). latent semantic indexing (LSI), and a feature selection technique based on Document Frequency (DF). Results are compared in terms of clustering performance, using the k-means clustering algorithm. Experiments show that ICA and LSI are clearly belter than DF on all darascls. For word and N-gram representation. ICA generally gives better results compared with LSI. Experiments also show that the word representation gives better clustering results compared to term and N-gram representation. Finally, for the N-gram representation, it is demonstrated that a profile length (before dimensionality reduction) of 2000 is sufficient to capture the information and in most cases, a -4-gram representation gives better performance than 3-gram representation.
Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Industrial Insertion Tasks (2020)

Robotic insertion tasks are characterized by contact and friction mechanics, making them challenging for conventional feedback control methods due to unmodeled physical effects. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for learning control policies in such settings. However, RL can be unsafe during exploration and might require a large amount of real-world training data, which is expensive to collect. In this paper, we study how to use meta-reinforcement learning to solve the bulk of the problem in simulation by solving a family of simulated industrial insertion tasks and then adapt policies quickly in the real world. We demonstrate our approach by training an agent to successfully perform challenging real-world insertion tasks using less than 20 trials of real-world experience.
A study of carbon-catalyst interaction in bifunctional air electrodes for zinc-air batteries (1999)

Various catalysts such as noble metals and oxides have been used in the past to diminish the overpotential at the bifunctional air electrode during oxygen evolution and reduction. In this study the LaCaCoO perovskite was chosen to activate the bifunctional electrodes. In addition to the electrocatalyst the overall electrode activity is also affected by the carbon substrate chosen. These authors concentrated on the testing of different carbon materials as substrates for the bifunctional catalyst by examining the influence of surface area to crystallinity of the carbon materials on the electrochemical activity and the service life of bifunctional air electrodes. Catalyst-carbon interactions in the oxygen reduction , the influence of catalyst loading as well as the properties of the catalysts and the carbon substrate such as crystallinity, wettability and B. E. T. surface area on the electrochemical activity of Teflon -bonded air electrodes were also investigated. AC impedance spectroscopy showed that the major part of the overpotential appearing in oxygen reduction can be attributed to the transport limitations associated with peroxide diffusion as well as oxygen diffusion. 17 refs., 2 tabs., 6 figs.
Semi-supervised transfer learning for language expansion of end-to-end speech recognition models to low-resource languages (2021)

In this paper, we propose a three-stage training methodology to improve the speech recognition accuracy of low-resource languages. We explore and propose an effective combination of techniques such as transfer learning, encoder freezing, data augmentation using Text-To-Speech (TTS), and Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL). To improve the accuracy of a low-resource Italian ASR, we leverage a well-trained English model, unlabeled text corpus, and unlabeled audio corpus using transfer learning, TTS augmentation, and SSL respectively. In the first stage, we use transfer learning from a well-trained English model. This primarily helps in learning the acoustic information from a resource-rich language. This stage achieves around 24% relative Word Error Rate (WER) reduction over the baseline. In stage two, We utilize unlabeled text data via TTS data-augmentation to incorporate language information into the model. We also explore freezing the acoustic encoder at this stage. TTS data augmentation helps us further reduce the WER by ~ 21% relatively. Finally, In stage three we reduce the WER by another 4% relative by using SSL from unlabeled audio data. Overall, our two-pass speech recognition system with a Monotonic Chunkwise Attention (MoChA) in the first pass and a full-attention in the second pass achieves a WER reduction of ~ 42% relative to the baseline.
Two-degree-of-freedom control design for ball screw driving table using full-closed loop (2004)

wo Vibration control
Biophysical Properties of ClC-3 Differentiate It from Swelling-activated Chloride Channels in Chinese Hamster Ovary-K1 Cells (2000)

ClC-3 is a highly conserved voltage-gated chloride channel, which together with ClC-4 and ClC-5 belongs to one subfamily of the larger group of ClC chloride channels. Whereas ClC-5 is localized intracellularly, ClC-3 has been reported to be a swelling-activated plasma membrane channel. However, recent studies have shown that native ClC-3 in hepatocytes is primarily intracellular. Therefore, we reexamined the properties of ClC-3 in a mammalian cell expression system and compared them with the properties of endogenous swelling-activated channels. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells were transiently transfected with rat ClC-3. The resulting chloride currents were Cl(-) > I(-) selective, showed extreme outward rectification, and lacked inactivation at positive voltages. In addition, they were insensitive to the chloride channel blockers, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB) and 4, 4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) and were not inhibited by phorbol esters or activated by osmotic swelling. These properties are identical to those of ClC-5 but differ from those previously attributed to ClC-3. In contrast, nontransfected CHO-K1 cells displayed an endogenous swelling-activated chloride current, which was weakly outward rectifying, inactivated at positive voltages, sensitive to NPPB and DIDS, and inhibited by phorbol esters. These properties are identical to those previously attributed to ClC-3. Therefore, we conclude that when expressed in CHO-K1 cells, ClC-3 is an extremely outward rectifying channel with similar properties to ClC-5 and is neither activated by cell swelling nor identical to the endogenous swelling-activated channel. These data suggest that ClC-3 cannot be responsible for the swelling-activated chloride channel under all circumstances.
Overview: Well Stimulation (July 2006) (2006)

As I write this, my third and final opportunity to select technical papers for this feature, I find myself in Baku, Azerbaijan, the birthplace of our modern-day petroleum industry. This is an amazing place, where the history of our industry collides with the present. It is still possible to see some of the earliest commercial oil wells that were dug by hand and cased with wood; while just offshore, huge new development projects use some of the most modern technology available to the industry. Even with current prices for oil and gas, our industry struggles to supply the energy to support the dynamic economies of the world today. Achieving the goal of long-term, low-cost sources of hydrocarbons will require significant technology advances in the area of well stimulation. From the papers I have seen this year, it is apparent that these technological advances will affect many different portions of our industry, from old, mature fields, where significant reserves have previously been economically unattractive, to the new, major ultradeepwater projects that are being evaluated today. The challenge will be to increase productivity, and then to maintain that increased productivity throughout the life of the field to provide improved ultimate recovery. New and innovative stimulation technologies are emerging that will shake the foundations of some of our tried and proven methods. Still, in other cases, we see elegant enhancements to improve the performance of existing technologies. It appears that the future challenge will be for us to find more-cost-effective ways to improve well productivity. It appears that well stimulation will remain a dynamic part of our industry. I am hopeful that this industry will continue to be attractive to new, innovative, and challenging minds who will continue to shape the future of the petroleum industry. Well Stimulation additional reading available at the SPE eLibrary: www.spe.org SPE 98329 "Evaluation of Nonlinear Fracture Relative Permeabilities and Their Impact on Waterfrac Performance in Tight Gas Sands" by R.B. Sullivan, SPE, Anadarko Petroleum Corp., et al. SPE 98314 "A Breakthrough Fluid Technology in Stimulation of Sandstone Reservoirs" by F.E. Tuedor, SPE, Schlumberger, et al. SPE 97659 "Controlling Formation Fines at Their Sources To Maintain Well Productivity" by P.D. Nguyen, Halliburton, et al. SPE 97161 "Proppant Flowback Prevention—A New Technology for Low-BHST Applications" by D.E. Johnson, SPE, Hexion Specialty Chemicals Inc., et al.
Establishment and some biological characteristics of human hepatoma cell lines. (1975)

Two cell lines of human hepatoma, HLE and HLF lines, were established in vitro from the hepatocellular carcinoma of a 68-year-old patient. One clone (HLEC) was obtained from a single HLE cell. The cells of HLE and HLEC were epithelial-like and both of these cells demonstrated glycogen granules in the cytoplasm when stained with periodic acid and Schiff reagent. Although HLF cells resembled fibroblasts in morphology, they appear to have originated from hepatoma cells, judging from epithelial characteristics in aggregates reconstituted by rotation culture and heterotransplantability. HLE cells produced alpha-fetoprotein until day 187 of culture, but HLF cells did not produce alpa-fetoprotein at any period examined. Chromosome number of both cell lines was distributed near the triploid range. HLF cells were transplantable into the cheek pouch of adult hamsters treated with cortisone acetate, but not HLE cells.
Subwavelength electromagnetic switch: Bistable wave transmission of side-coupling nonlinear meta-atom (2012)

We propose a scheme for subwavelength electromagnetic switch by employing nonlinear meta-atom. Bistable response is conceptually demonstrated on a microwave transmission line, which is side-coupled to a varactor-loaded split ring resonator acting as a nonlinear meta-atom. Calculations and experiments show that by applying conductive coupling instead of near-field interaction between the transmission line and the nonlinear meta-atom, switch performances are improved. The switch threshold of low to -5.8 dBm and the transmission contrast of up to 4.0 dB between the two bistable states were achieved. Subwavelength size of our switch should be useful for miniaturization of integrated optical nanocircuits.
Multiscale Characterization Technique for Chemically Reactive Multiphase Composite Microstructure (PREPRINT) (2010)

Abstract : The objective of this article is to outline a technique for characterizing the influence of spatial heterogeneity of two reactant phases in a three-phase chemically reactive composite material microstructure. Here, we describe a computational technique that calculates the reaction yield for multiple microstructure length scales based on the spatial relationship between the two reactive phases and the reaction stoichiometry. The reaction yield is a quantitative metric that characterizes the fraction of the chemical reaction that proceeds based on dividing the bulk microstructure into sub-regions of a particular length scale. The results of using this technique show how the reaction yield can be used to quantify differences in microstructure related to particle size and area fractions of the reactant phases. For example, we show that a bimodal microstructure has a higher reaction yield at every length scale when compared to a monomodal microstructure.
Purification and characterization of two GSH S-aryltransferases from rat liver : kinetic mechanism and error structure of kinetic data for GSH S-transferase A (1976)

Purification and characterization of two GSH S-aryltransferases from rat liver : kinetic mechanism and error structure of kinetic data for GSH S-transferase A
POLYMER MODIFICATION OF BITUMENS: MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF PREMIUM BINDERS FOR IMPROVED SPRAY SEAL PERFORMANCE (1997)

A relatively easy and effective way to improve bituminous products is the use of suitable polymers. Polymers of the styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) type are a particularly popular means of modification. This is due to their strong interaction with bitumens and their effectiveness in altering and improving the rheological properties of binders through their unique block structure. Even at low SBS concentrations bitumen characteristics can be altered from simple Newtonian to a more complex behaviour. With addition of SBS to bitumen, the penetration decreases, while at the same time the softening point, elastic recovery, viscosity and cohesive strength increase. These changes are closely related to SBS type and content. This paper deals with these relationships with an emphasis on the requirements for premium spray seals. The implications in terms of spray seal performance and in the application of the modified binder are extensively discussed. One major conclusion is that the potential improvement with SBS-modified binders is impressive, but that the ease of application is inversely proportional to the polymer content. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no. 895118.
A fully automated method for accurate mass determination using high‐performance liquid chromatography with a quadrupole/orthogonal acceleration time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (2004)

A generic LC/ESI(+)-oaTOFMS method has been developed for routine automated high accuracy mass determinations of different classes of substances. The system makes use of micro-high-performance liquid chromatography and a hybrid quadrupole/orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight (Q-oaTOF) mass spectrometer. Reproducible and accurate mass measurements were obtained using an electrospray dual sprayer with reserpine as reference compound, introduced into the mass spectrometer alternating with the samples. Experiments were performed to optimize analyte/reference response ratio, statistical algorithm correction setting, and analyte concentration. In these experiments, a clear dependence of the mass measurement error on the analyte/reference response ratio was observed. The dependence of average mass error versus different dead time correction algorithm settings (Np factors) was also explored. In the final automated procedure, verified for a statistically significant set of compounds ( approximately 550) obtained from a medicinal chemistry department, about 70% of the analyzed samples satisfied the acceptance criteria fixed at a maximum error of +/-5 ppm (mass range 150-800 Da).