gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17661: Optical Coherence Tomography Identifies Artifactual Thin-cap Fibroatheromas: A Histologic Study (2014)

Introduction: Current methods to identify thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) with optical coherence tomography (OCT) are qualitative. While two mechanisms for the appearance of false TCFA have been identified and include macrophages that cause superficial shadowing and tangential light dropout, we report three new mechanisms for the appearance of false TCFAs in OCT images. Methods: 13 coronary arteries from 8 human cadaver hearts (6 male, 2 female, aged 63 ± 12 years) were imaged with OCT. OCT TCFAs were identified independently by three expert OCT readers and defined by a bright homogenous fibrous cap overlying a diffusely shadowed signal-poor region. Analysis was performed to confirm the identification of TCFA or to identify the histologic origin of the OCT TCFA appearance. Arc length of the signal-poor region of each OCT TCFA was also measured. Results: 38 OCT TCFA were identified, of which only 5 were verified with histology. Measurements of arc length and thickness of the cap are summarized in the table. Of the 33 false TCFA, three morphologic plaque types were identified: thick-cap fibroatheroma (TkFA; N=18), pathologic intimal thickening (PIT; N=10), and fibrocalcific (FC; N=5). New mechanisms for the signal-poor regions that appeared as lipid cores included loose connective tissue (N=7), neovasculature (N=3), and proteoglycans (N=4). Superficial shadowing of macrophages caused the appearance of TCFA in 5 cases. In the 18 TkFA cases, OCT underestimated the thickness of the fibrous cap (45.2 ± 4.0 μm by OCT compared to 197.5 ± 18.8 μm by histology). Conclusion: Using an arc length of greater than 90 degrees will aid in differentiating true from false TCFA. Additionally, due to incomplete light penetration, TkFA can be mistaken for TCFA. These results demonstrate that caution should be used when diagnosing vulnerable plaque with OCT.
The Synthesis and Biological Activity of Certain 4′-Thionucleosides (1995)

Abstract Results are presented on the synthesis and biological activity of several types of 4′-thionucleosides as potential anticancer agents. Detailed studies on the mechanism of action of 4′-thiothymidine are also presented.
Fluorescence lifetime-based glucose sensor using NADH (2012)

Fluorescence lifetime-based glucose sensing does not depend on fluctuations of the intensity of the light source, light scattering, or changes in the transmission of optical components. Here we demonstrate the sensing of glucose based on the fluorescence lifetime properties of dihydro nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), which is reduced from NAD in the presence of glucose and glucose dehydrogenase. In particular we use the difference in the fluorescence properties of free and protein-bound NADH and calculate an average fluorescence lifetime, which arises from the two short lifetimes &tau;<sub>1</sub>=0.28ns and &tau;<sub>2</sub>=0.60ns (representing free NADH) and the longer lifetime of &tau;<sub>3</sub>=2.9ns (for the protein-bound NADH). While initial results were derived from measurements in aqueous solution, we also demonstrate the suitability of this method for determining the concentration of glucose in blood using test strips. We find that the average fluorescence lifetime changes linearly by a factor of 0.17 per 100mg/<sub>dl</sub> change in glucose concentration. As an alternative the ratio between free and protein-bound components R<sub>s/l</sub> may also be used for quantification. Rs/l increases by a factor of 0.74 per 100mg/dl change in glucose concentration.
Recombinant T‐cell epitope conjugation: A new approach for Dermatophagoides hypoallergen design (2022)

rDer p 2231 has the potential to be used in AIT in patients co-sensitized with D. pteronyssinus major allergens, once it was able to reduce IgE production, inducing allergen-specific blocking antibodies, restoring and balancing Th1/Th2 immune responses, and inducing regulatory T-cells.
Excited-state behavior of polypyridyl complexes of chromium(III) (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExcited-state behavior of polypyridyl complexes of chromium(III)N. Serpone, M. A. Jamieson, M. S. Henry, M. Z. Hoffman, F. Bolletta, and M. MaestriCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 11, 2907–2916Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00505a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00505a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1140Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of ACTH action : Intracellular flux of cholesterol during ACTH-induced corticoidogenesis (1983)

Corticoidogenic response to ACTH in the adrenal cortex is strictly controlled by the rate of cholesterol bound to cyt.P450scc which is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Thus, the rate of the intracellular movement of cholesterol induced by ACTH was investigated in bovine adrenocortical cells. Cholesterol and pregnenolone were measured by enzymatic assay and Cortisol by the fluorometrical assay. (1) In the presence of 1 nM ACTH, the amount of the intracellular free cholesterol was not affected, whereas about 0.3 nmoles of the cholesterol esters per 10^ cells decreased in 60 min incubation. Most of the diminished cholesterol esters in the cells were thought to be utilized as a substrate of steroidogenesis. (2) The rate_of pregnenolone formation induced by 1 nM ACTH was about 0.3 nmoles/105 cells/hr, which was just the same as that of Cortisol production for 60 min incubation. There was a stoichiometrical correlation between the decrement of the intracellular cholesterol esters and the increment of either pregnenolone or Cortisol formation in the cells. It is therefore concluded that the intracellular cholesterol esters might be the sole substrate in the corticoidogenic response to ACTH in the adrenal cortex. Thus, ACTH could activate cholesterol ester hydrolase in adrenocortical cells to facilitate the transport of the free cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane, and the translocated cholesterol in the inner membrane rapidly interacts with cyt.P450scc to convert to pregnenolone and other corticoids.
The Synthesis of Dilithio-Trimethylenemethane by Thermal Rearrangement of Monolithio-2-Methylpropene (1990)

Abstract Unsolvated dilithio-trimethylenemethane has been prepared by the thermal rearrangement of the two structural isomers, 1-lithio-2-methylpropene and 3-lithio-2-methylpropene. This further extends the Kawa-Lagow modified Ziegler rearrangement to olefinic systems.
Arthroscopic Suprascapular Nerve Release at the Suprascapular Notch in a Cadaveric Model: An Anatomic Approach (2007)

Arthroscopic release of the suprascapular nerve at the suprascapular notch, to our knowledge, has rarely been described. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and relevant anatomic landmarks in a cadaveric model that can be identified arthroscopically for reliable and reproducible arthroscopic release of the superior transverse scapular (STS) ligament. In 8 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders, arthroscopic release of the STS ligament was performed. The acromioclavicular joint is first identified while viewing through a posterior subacromial portal. The distal clavicle is then followed medially until the most lateral portion of the coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments (trapezoid ligament) is identified. The most medial margin of the CC ligaments (conoid ligament) is identified, and the trapezoid and conoid ligaments are dissected and identified individually. The conoid ligament is followed inferiorly and medially to the base of the coracoid. At the base of the coracoid, the confluence of the trapezoid and conoid ligaments (CC) and the STS ligament is identified. The STS ligament can be identified coursing horizontally across the field of view. The STS ligament may be incised by use of dissecting scissors through a lateral, accessory lateral, or accessory posterior portal, releasing the suprascapular nerve.
Resonance states inLi−andB− (1996)

We have observed resonance structures in detached electron spectra arising from fast collisions of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\mathrm{B}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions with gas targets. The structures are associated with the autodetaching decay of shape resonance states. Using Shore parametrization, we obtain resonance energies and widths of 50(6) and 64(25) meV, respectively, for the ${\mathrm{Li}}^{\ensuremath{-}}(2s2p^{3}P)$ state and 104(8) and 68(25) meV, respectively, for the tentatively identified ${\mathrm{B}}^{\ensuremath{-}}(2{p}^{2}^{1}D)$ state. Other resonances in ${\mathrm{B}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ remain unidentified.
Evidence that a New Antibiotic Flavone Glycoside Chemically Defends the Sea Grass Thalassia testudinum against Zoosporic Fungi (1998)

Significantly fewer thraustochytrid protists (zoosporic fungi) were observed in association with healthy leaf tissue of the marine angiosperm Thalassia testudinum than in association with sterilized samples that were returned to the collection site for 48 h. In support of the hypothesis that sea grass secondary metabolites were responsible for these differences, extracts of healthy T. testudinum leaf tissues inhibited the growth of the co-occurring thraustochytrid Schizochytrium aggregatum and deterred the attachment of S. aggregatum motile zoospores to an extract-impregnated substrate. By using S. aggregatum for bioassay-guided chemical fractionation, a new flavone glycoside was isolated and structurally characterized as luteolin 7-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-2"-sulfate. Whole-leaf tissue concentrations of this metabolite (4 mg/ml of wet leaf tissue) inhibited S. aggregatum attachment, and a significantly lower concentration (270 mug/ml) reduced thraustochytrid growth by 50%, suggesting that natural concentrations are at least 15 times greater than that needed for significant microbiological effects. These results offer the first complete chemical characterization of a sea grass sulfated flavone glycoside and provide evidence that a secondary metabolite chemically defends T. testudinum against fouling microorganisms.
Purification, Characterization, and Sequence Analysis of Two α-Amylase Isoforms from Azuki Bean,Vigna angularis, Showing Different Affinity towards β-Cyclodextrin Sepharose (2003)

Two alpha-amylase isoforms designated VAAmy1 and VAAmy2 were purified from cotyledons of germinating seedlings of azuki bean (Vigna angularis). VAAmy1 apparently had lower affinity towards a beta-cyclodextrin Sepharose column than VAAmy2. Molecular weights of VAAmy1 and VAAmy2 were estimated to be 47,000 and 44,000, respectively. However, no considerable difference was found between them in effects of pH, temperature, CaCl2, and EDTA, as well as the kinetic parameters for amylose (average degree of polymerization 17): kcat, 71.8 and 55.5 s(-1), Km, 0.113 and 0.097 mg/ml; for blocked 4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-maltoheptaoside: kcat, 62.4 and 85.3 s(-1), Km, 0.22 and 0.37 mM, respectively. Primary structures of the two enzymes were analyzed by N-terminal sequencing, cDNA cloning, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, implying that the two enzymes have the same peptide. The results indicated that the low affinity of VAAmy1 towards beta-cyclodextrin Sepharose was due to some modification on/near carbohydrate binding site in the limited sequence regions, resulting in higher molecular weight.
Piezometers for Groundwater Measurement and Monitoring (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Subsurface Conditions Ordinary Piezometers and True Piezometers Piezometer Construction Verification of Piezometer Performance Obtaining Data from Piezometers Pore Pressure Piezometers in Fine-grained Soils Direct Push Technologies for Piezometer Installation
Heterogeneous Integration of GaInAsSb p-i-n Photodiodes on a Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguide Circuit (2011)

We report the integration of GalnAsSb p-i-n photo diodes on a silicon-on-insulator waveguide circuit. The device operates with low dark current (1.13 μA at -0.1 V) at room temperature. A high responsivity of 0.44 A/W is measured at 2.29 μm. This yields 1.63 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> cmHz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> /W of Johnson-noise-limited-detectivity.
Classification of Pansharpened Urban Satellite Images (2011)

The classification of high resolution urban remote sensing imagery is addressed with the focus on classification of imagery that has been pansharpened by a number of different pansharpening methods. The pansharpening process introduces some spectral and spatial distortions in the resulting fused multispectral image, the amount of which highly varies depending on which pansharpening technique is used. In the majority of the pansharpening techniques that have been proposed, there is a compromise between the spatial enhancement and the spectral consistency. Here we study the effects of the spectral and spatial distortions on the accuracy in classification of pansharpened imagery. We also study the performance in terms of accuracy of the various pansharpening techniques during classification with spatial information, obtained using mathematical morphology (MM). MM is used to derive local spatial information from the panchromatic data. Random Forests (RF) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) will be used as classifiers. Experiments are done for three different datasets that have been obtained by two different imaging sensors, IKONOS and QuickBird. These sensors deliver multispectral images that have four bands, R, G, B and near infrared (NIR). To further study the contribution of the NIR band, experiments are done using both the RGB bands and all four bands, respectively.
Mammalian cell cultures. Part III: Safety and future aspects. (1993)

Long standing experience with mammalian cell cultures demonstrates that they per se do not constitute any hazard to healthy man. However, permanent cell lines may cause transplantable tumors in immune-suppressed animals and man but not in healthy species. A potential hazard associated with mammalian cell cultures might be caused by endogenous viruses which can be harboured in the mammalian cells or adventitious agents associated with mammalian cells. Especially a corresponding validation for removal of viruses has to be established in the manufacturing process. Free nucleic acids or recombinant nucleic acid sequences are regarded as not being biologically active and therefore do not cause any hazard. Because mammalian cell cultures which are ranking lowest in terms of safety measures are able to synthesize reliably complex glycoprotein structures, the economy of mammalian cell culture processes has to be approved for future prospects on the background of the competitive situation with microorganisms and the overall cost limitation of the health insurance systems. High yielding expressing systems are required including detoxification genes for cytotoxic metabolites. Shorter doubling times of the host cell, higher productivity and higher cell densities would be further goals. Also new aspects of mammalian cell cultures, not only their use as factories for protein synthesis, but also in gene therapy as carrier for the desired genetic information or in enhancing the wound healing process, will gain future importance.
The facile preparation of primary and secondary amines via an improved Fukuyama–Mitsunobu procedure. Application to the synthesis of a lung-targeted gene delivery agent (2005)

An efficient modification of the Fukuyama-Mitsunobu procedure has been developed whereby primary or secondary amines can be synthesized from alkyl alcohols and the corresponding nosyl-protected/activated amine. Most importantly, the use of the DTBAD and diphenylpyridinylphosphine, as Mitsunobu reagents, generates reaction by-products that can be easily removed, providing a remarkably clean product mixture. This improved technique was implemented in the synthesis of a complex lipopeptide designed to target alpha9beta1-integrin proteins predominant on upper airway epithelial cells.
Temperature-Programmed Reduction of Copper Oxide Supported on Al2O3 and SiO2 (1986)

The metal-support interaction of copper oxide supported on -alumina and silica was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature-programmed reduction(TPR). It was found that XRD pattern of CuO can not be observed up to 5.0wt % copper content for CuO/ while CuO/ sample shows the CuO pattern even at 2.5wt% copper content. TPR of CuO/ system shows four major peaks at 145, 185, 210, and 250. In the case of CuO/, a large peak at 250 was appeared accompanying a small peak at 425. Comparing the TPR peaks with that of copper aluminate which was prepared from the calcination of CuO/ at 1000, the peaks at around 145, 200 (185 and 210), and 250 were corresponded to ion in CuO interacting , ions in defect sites of and ion in the bulk CuO layer, respectively. From the results, it was concluded that there is considerable metal-support interaction in CuO on and the interaction results in a stabilization of ion in the system.
Type 2 Diabetes Risk Allele Loci in the Qatari Population (2016)

With the caveats of the power analysis, the European/Asian T2D SNPs do not contribute significantly to the high prevalence of T2D in the Qatari population, suggesting that the genetic risks for T2D are likely different in Qataris compared to Europeans and Asians.
Gamut Mapping: Evaluation of Chroma Clipping Techniques for Three Destination Gamuts (1998)

A psychophysical experiment was carried out to evaluate 5 chroma clipping techniques for gamut mapping. Three different destination gamuts were used in order to determine how the shape of the destination gamut would influence performance of the different mapping techniques. The test images consisted of 7 colored computer-rendered textured spheres and one image which contained all 7 objects. Therefore the effect of hue on the preferred technique could be gauged. Although straight chroma-clipping, keeping lightness constant, was overall the best technique, there were notable exceptions. The results indicate that trade-offs between global trends and specific exceptions to these trends may need to be implemented based on local gamut shape and object hue in the image.
Template–polymer commensurability and directed self‐assembly block copolymer lithography (2015)

ABSTRACT Block copolymer directed self‐assembly (BCP) with chemical epitaxy is a promising lithographic solution for patterning features with critical dimensions under 20 nm. In this work, we study the extent to which lamellae‐forming poly(styrene‐ b ‐methyl methacrylate) can be directed with chemical contrast patterns when the pitch of the block copolymer is slightly compressed or stretched compared to the equilibrium pitch observed in unpatterned films. Critical dimension small angle X‐ray scattering complemented with SEM analysis was used to quantify the shape and roughness of the line/space features. It was found that the BCP was more lenient to pitch compression than to pitch stretching, tolerating at least 4.9% pitch compression, but only 2.5% pitch stretching before disrupting into dislocation or disclination defects. The more tolerant range of pitch compression is explained by considering the change in free energy with template mismatch, which suggests a larger penalty for pitch stretching than compressing. Additionally, the effect of width mismatch between chemical contrast pattern and BCP is considered for two different pattern transfer techniques. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53 , 595–603
Fluorescence-based tools to probe G-quadruplexes in cell-free and cellular environments (2018)

Biophysical and biochemical investigations provide compelling evidence connecting the four-stranded G-quadruplex (GQ) structure with its role in regulating multiple cellular processes. Hence, modulating the function of GQs by using small molecule binders is being actively pursued as a strategy to develop new chemotherapeutic agents. However, sequence diversity and structural polymorphism of GQs have posed immense challenges in terms of understanding what conformation a G-rich sequence adopts inside the cell and how to specifically target a GQ motif amidst several other GQ-forming sequences. In this context, here we review recent developments in the applications of biophysical tools that use fluorescence readout to probe the GQ structure and recognition in cell-free and cellular environments. First, we provide a detailed discussion on the utility of covalently labeled environment-sensitive fluorescent nucleoside analogs in assessing the subtle difference in GQ structures and their ligand binding abilities. Furthermore, a detailed discussion on structure-specific antibodies and small molecule probes used to visualize and confirm the existence of DNA and RNA GQs in cells is provided. We also highlight the open challenges in the study of tetraplexes (GQ and i-motif structures) and how addressing these challenges by developing new tools and techniques will have a profound impact on tetraplex-directed therapeutic strategies.
Target Engagement-Mediated Amplification for Monitoring Drug-Target Interactions in Situ (2019)

It is important to determine the localization of drugs or drug candidates at cellular and subcellular resolution in relevant clinical specimens. This is necessary to evaluate drug candidates from e ...
Minicircle DNA Provides Enhanced and Prolonged Transgene Expression Following Airway Gene Transfer (2016)

Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis using non-viral, plasmid-based formulations has been the subject of intensive research for over two decades but a clinically viable product has yet to materialise in large part due to inefficient transgene expression. Minicircle DNA give enhanced and more persistent transgene expression compared to plasmid DNA in a number of organ systems but has not been assessed in the lung. In this study we compared minicircle DNA with plasmid DNA in transfections of airway epithelial cells. In vitro, luciferase gene expression from minicircles was 5-10-fold higher than with plasmid DNA. In eGFP transfections in vitro both the mean fluorescence intensity and percentage of cells transfected was 2-4-fold higher with minicircle DNA. Administration of equimolar amounts of DNA to mouse lungs resulted in a reduced inflammatory response and more persistent transgene expression, with luciferase activity persisting for 2 weeks from minicircle DNA compared to plasmid formulations. Transfection of equal mass amounts of DNA in mouse lungs resulted in a 6-fold increase in transgene expression in addition to more persistent transgene expression. Our findings have clear implications for gene therapy of airway disorders where plasmid DNA transfections have so far proven inefficient in clinical trials.