gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced a-Se film with high sensitivity and heat resistance for x-ray detectors (2009)

Amorphous selenium (a-Se) is well known to provide superior spatial resolution and low dark current when used as a direct conversion X-ray photoconductor in flat panel detectors (FPD). However, a-Se properties are also known to fluctuate at higher environmental temperatures, so the temperature has to be carefully controlled. To overcome this problem we developed a newly modified a-Se photoconductor with electrical and X-ray characteristics that remain constant at temperatures up to 70 degrees C. On the other hand, in terms of a-Se dark current levels, the higher the electrical field, the higher the dark current level. For this reason, conventional a-Se photoconductors are used at a comparatively low electric field of 10 V/&mu;m. We also investigated the electrical characteristics of film compositions containing a-Se that provide high gain and low dark current. Experiments were made with sandwich cells and then with CMOS (50 &mu;m pixel pitch) readout panels. Our new a-Se photoconductor operated at 40 V/&mu;m delivers sensitivity 3 to 4 times higher than the conventional a-Se operated at 10 V/&mu;m, while keeping the dark current density at 5 pA/mm<sup>2</sup>. This a-Se photoconductor will prove effective for low-dose X-ray imaging including mammography and tomosynthesis.
Estimation du travail d’adhesion et des angles de contact dans les systemes non reactifs metal-oxyde ionocovalent (1987)

Nous exposons brièvement les modèles proposés antérieurement pour évaluer le travail d’adhésion dans les systèmes non réactifs métal-oxyde. Nous rappelons un travail théorique que nous avons présenté récemment, permettant le calcul du travail d’adhésion des couples métal/alumine à l’aide d’un modèle à deux paramètres. Nous proposons ensuite une modification de ce modèle permettant de supprimer un des deux paramètres et nous discutons de sa validité pour d’autres systèmes du type métal-oxyde ionocovalent.
Reviewer #3 (Public Review): Maternal group 2 innate lymphoid cells contribute to fetal growth and protection from endotoxin-induced abortion in mice (2023)

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) adapt to tissue physiology and contribute to immunity, inflammatory pathology and metabolism. We show that mouse uterine ILC2s have a heightened type-2 gene signature and expand during pregnancy. Indeed, maternal ILC2s promote fetal growth and protect against fetal mortality upon systemic endotoxin challenge. Absence of ILC2s leads to utero-placental abnormalities, including poor vascular remodelling, increased Il1b and decreased Il4, Il5, and Il13 gene expression, and reduced alternative activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Placentas exhibit signs of adaptation to stress, including larger maternal blood spaces and increased expression of nutrient transporter genes. Endotoxin induces the expansion of IL-1β-producing uterine DCs and, in response, more uterine ILC2s produce IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. In a protective feedback mechanism, these cytokines suppress IL-1β-producing DCs, in line with a protective role of uILC2s against endotoxin-induced abortion. Uterine ILC2s emerge as pivotal for both normal and complicated pregnancies.
The Charcoal Vision: A Win–Win–Win Scenario for Simultaneously Producing Bioenergy, Permanently Sequestering Carbon, while Improving Soil and Water Quality (2008)

Processing biomass through a distributed network of fast pyrolyzers may be a sustainable platform for producing energy from biomass. Fast pyrolyzers thermally transform biomass into bio‐oil, syngas, and charcoal. The syngas could provide the energy needs of the pyrolyzer. Bio‐oil is an energy raw material (∼17 MJ kg −1 ) that can be burned to generate heat or shipped to a refinery for processing into transportation fuels. Charcoal could also be used to generate energy; however, application of the charcoal co‐product to soils may be key to sustainability. Application of charcoal to soils is hypothesized to increase bioavailable water, build soil organic matter, enhance nutrient cycling, lower bulk density, act as a liming agent, and reduce leaching of pesticides and nutrients to surface and ground water. The half‐life of C in soil charcoal is in excess of 1000 yr. Hence, soil‐applied charcoal will make both a lasting contribution to soil quality and C in the charcoal will be removed from the atmosphere and sequestered for millennia. Assuming the United States can annually produce 1.1 × 10 9 Mg of biomass from harvestable forest and crop lands, national implementation of The Charcoal Vision would generate enough bio‐oil to displace 1.91 billion barrels of fossil fuel oil per year or about 25% of the current U.S. annual oil consumption. The combined C credit for fossil fuel displacement and permanent sequestration, 363 Tg per year, is 10% of the average annual U.S. emissions of CO 2 –C.
Texture design for light touch perception (2017)

This study focused on active light touch with predefined textures specially-designed for tactile perception. The counter-body material is stainless steel sheet. Three geometric structures (grid, crater and groove) were fabricated by pulsed laser surface texturing. A total number of twenty volunteers participated in the research which contains two parts: perception tests and skin friction measurements. The perception tests focused mainly on the participants׳ perceptual attributes: perceived roughness and perceived stickiness. For the skin friction measurements, a multi-axis force/torque transducer was used to measure the normal force and friction force between skin and counter-surface along with the fingertip position. The results of the predefined textures showed the ability to reduce skin friction due to the reduction of contact area. Moreover, the participants׳ perceptual attributes were greatly influenced by the predefined micro-structures in the light touch regime.
Principles of D'Alembert, Virtual Power, and Lagrange's Equations (1998)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction D'Alembert's Principle Lagrange's Equations The Method of Virtual Power Nonholonomic Constraints: Lagrange Multipliers Variational Principles in Dynamics: Hamilton's Principle
INCLUSION, SOLUBILIZATION, AND STABILIZATION OF TWO-ELECTRON REDUCED SPECIES OF METHYL VIOLOGEN BY CYCLODEXTRINS (1985)

Abstract An electrochemical investigation of methyl viologen-cyclodextrin (CD) system has revealed that β-CD has outstanding ability to include the 2e reduced species of methyl viologen in aqueous solution (formation constant: 1400 dm3 mol−1) in comparison with other CDs and the inclusion solubilizes and stabilizes the electrogenerated species.
Hamming Quasi-Cyclic (HQC) (2017)

Submission to the NIST post quantum standardization process. 2017
ChemInform Abstract: PYRYLOCYANINES VI. TRANSFORMATION OF PYRYLO‐4‐CYANINES INTO PYRIDO‐4‐CYANINES (1975)

Abstract In den Pyrylo‐mono‐gtri‐ und ‐pentamethincyaninen (I) lassen sich die Sauerstoffatome der Heterocyclen stufenweise gegen Methylaminogruppen austauschen.
Casing Connection Selection for Geothermal Applications Using New Input From HPHT and Thermal Wells Testing Protocols (2015)

OCTG connection selection for Oil-Gas wells has evolved over the past 10 years, switching from field proven technologies to fully qualified products. This change has been pushed by the O&G end users’ need for more reliable and better sealing connections in both challenging well conditions (HPHT) and thermal wells where plastic deformation occurs (SAGD – CSS). This paper contains a summary of the evolution of Premium Connections main design concepts, as well as the applicable testing protocols used to validate premium connections performance within the elastic limit and in the plastic region due to thermal effect. Detailed explanations of the characteristics of the testing methods currently in place, ISO 13679 and TWCCEP protocol, are included. The paper also contains an additional study to correlate the geothermal casing needs in terms of thermal cycles/loads and newly available testing data to make designs more reliable. Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations on connection selection based on the existing testing data.
The forced response of choked nozzles and supersonic diffusers (2007)

The response of choked nozzles and supersonic diffusers to one-dimensional flow perturbations is investigated. Following previous arguments in the literature, small flow perturbations in a duct of spatially linear steady velocity distribution are determined by solution of a hyper-geometric differential equation. A set of boundary conditions is then developed that extends the existing work to a nozzle of arbitrary geometry. This analysis accommodates the motion of a plane shock wave and makes no assumption about the nozzle compactness. Numerical simulations of the unsteady, quasi-one-dimensional Euler equations are performed to validate this analysis and also to indicate the conditions under which the perturbations remain approximately linear. The nonlinear response of compact choked nozzles and supersonic diffusers is also investigated. Simple analyses are performed to determine the reflected and transmitted waveforms, as well as conditions for unchoke, ‘over-choke’ and unstart. This analysis is also supported with results from numerical simulations of the Euler equations.
Effect of Glucose Degradation Products on Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cell Function (2000)

Bioincompatibility of conventional glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) has been partially attributed to the presence of glucose degradation products (GDP) generated during heat sterilization of PDF. Most previous studies on GDP toxicity were performed on animal and/or transformed cell lines, and the impact of GDP on peritoneal cells remains obscure. The short-term effects of six identified GDP on human peritoneal mesothelial cell (HPMC) functions were examined in comparison to murine L929 fibroblasts. Exposure of HPMC to acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, furaldehyde, but not to 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural, resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth, viability, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated IL-6 release; for several GDP, this suppression was significantly greater compared with L929 cells. Although the addition of GDP to culture medium at concentrations found in PDF had no major impact on HPMC function, the exposure of HPMC to filter-sterilized PDF led to a significantly smaller suppression of HPMC proliferation compared to that induced by heat-sterilized PDF. The growth inhibition mediated by filter-sterilized PDF could be increased after the addition of clinically relevant doses of GDP. These effects were equally evident in L929 cells. In conclusion, GDP reveal a significant cytotoxic potential toward HPMC that may be underestimated in test systems using L929 cells. GDP-related toxicity appears to be particularly evident in experimental systems using proliferating cells and the milieu of dialysis fluids. Thus, these observations may bear biologic relevance in vivo where HPMC are repeatedly exposed to GDP-containing PDF for extended periods of time.
The Role of Specific Tomato Volatiles in Tomato-Whitefly Interaction (2009)

Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) infestations and the subsequent transfer of viruses are the cause of severe losses in crop production and horticultural practice. To improve biological control of B. tabaci, we investigated repellent properties of plant-produced semiochemicals. The mix of headspace volatiles, collected from naturally repellent wild tomato accessions, influenced B. tabaci initial choice behavior, indicating a role for plant semiochemicals in locating host plants. A collection of wild tomato accessions and introgression lines (Solanum pennellii LA716 x Solanum lycopersicum 'Moneyberg') were extensively screened for attractiveness to B. tabaci, and their headspace profiles were determined by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Correlation analysis revealed that several terpenoids were putatively involved in tomato-whitefly interactions. Several of these candidate compounds conferred repellence to otherwise attractive tomato plants when applied to the plant's branches on paper cards. The sesquiterpenes zingiberene and curcumene and the monoterpenes p-cymene, alpha-terpinene, and alpha-phellandrene had the strongest effects in free-choice bioassays. These terpenes also elicited a response of receptors on the insect's antennae as determined by electroantennography. Conversely, the monoterpene beta-myrcene showed no activity in both assays. B. tabaci apparently uses, besides visual cues, specific plant volatile cues for the initial selection of a host. Altering whitefly choice behavior by manipulation of the terpenoid composition of the host headspace may therefore be feasible.
Association of Stress with Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis (2010)

Psychological stress and atopic dermatitis (AD) symptoms appear to form a vicious cycle. This study compared the degree of stress and impairment of dermatology life quality between patients with AD and healthy controls, and examined for neuropeptides and neurotrophins associated with stress in AD. Questionnaires, comprising five tests evaluating depression, anxiety, interaction anxiousness, private body consciousness, and dermatology life quality, were examined in age- and sex-matched patients with AD (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 28). Immunohistochemical staining of nerve growth factor, substance P, corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor and neuropeptide Y was performed in the AD-involved and normal skin. Patients with AD showed high scores on all of the questionnaires, including Beck Depression Inventory, state anxiety, trait anxiety, Interaction Anxiousness Scale, Private Body Consciousness subscale, and Dermatology Life Quality Index. All of the parameters, except for Beck Depression Inventory, showed higher values in AD than healthy controls (p < 0.001). Statistically significant correlations were observed between each psychological parameter and Dermatology Life Quality Index. Among the clinical parameters, only pruritus was positively correlated with state anxiety (R = 0.573, p < 0.05) and trait anxiety (R = 0.525, p < 0.05). The Eczema Area and Severity Index score did not show any significant correlations with psychological parameters. Nerve growth factor-reactive cells were observed more abundantly and intensely in both epidermis and dermis of AD involved skin (n = 4) than in healthy controls (n = 3) (p = 0.022 and 0.029, respectively). Also, the number and intensity of neuropeptide Y-positive cells was significantly greater in the entire epidermis of patients with AD than in healthy controls (n = 3) (p = 0.029 and 0.026, respectively). We conclude that anxiety may be associated with the induction of pruritus through neuro-peptide Y and nerve growth factor.
Generalizing Pooling Functions in Convolutional Neural Networks: Mixed, Gated, and Tree (2015)

We seek to improve deep neural networks by generalizing the pooling operations that play a central role in current architectures. We pursue a careful exploration of approaches to allow pooling to learn and to adapt to complex and variable patterns. The two primary directions lie in (1) learning a pooling function via (two strategies of) combining of max and average pooling, and (2) learning a pooling function in the form of a tree-structured fusion of pooling filters that are themselves learned. In our experiments every generalized pooling operation we explore improves performance when used in place of average or max pooling. We experimentally demonstrate that the proposed pooling operations provide a boost in invariance properties relative to conventional pooling and set the state of the art on several widely adopted benchmark datasets; they are also easy to implement, and can be applied within various deep neural network architectures. These benefits come with only a light increase in computational overhead during training and a very modest increase in the number of model parameters.
4-Alkoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (AHB):  A Versatile Aldehyde Linker for Solid-Phase Synthesis of C-Terminal Modified Peptides and Peptidomimetics (2000)

[reaction: see text] A new and versatile 4-alkoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (AHB) linker for solid-phase syntheses is described. Acylation of the polymer-bound secondary amine obtained from reductive amination of the aldehyde in the AHB linker showed good reactivity. Following acylation of the phenolic hydroxyl group, the resulting carboxamide resin was stable to treatment with 95% TFA. The O-acyl functional group was removed with 20% piperidine and the desired compound was cleaved from the resin by TFA treatment.
Abnormal Tracheal Deposition of Technegas on Ventilation-Perfusion Scanning Due to Endobronchial Malignancy (2008)

A 63-year-old woman with dyspnea and hypoxia had ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) imaging for possible pulmonary embolism. Prominent focal deposition of Technegas was noted in the region of the carina on the ventilation scan. Subsequent computed tomography (CT) scan showed an endobronchial mass corresponding to the abnormality on ventilation scan. The Technegas was probably passively deposited on the mass, which was projecting into the tracheal lumen. This was proved by biopsy to be non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although rare, such focal abnormalities on V/Q scanning may represent malignancy and may warrant further investigation.
https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/biodegradable-nanocapsules-containing-a-nanobiotechnological-complex-for-the-invitro-suppression-of-a-melanoma-cell-line-b16f10-JNCR-1000102.php?aid=76290 (2016)

Objectives: Development of a novel method for loading drugs into spherical mesoporous silicate nanoparticles (MSNs), and further modification for the loaded MSNs to produce smart drug delivery system. Methods: MSNs have been prepared and loaded using rotary evaporation as a novel method for drug loading. The highly loaded MSNs were further modified as a smart drug delivery system designed for endosomal escape, and sustained release of its cargo into the cytosol. MSNs loaded with anti-tuberculosis front line drugs such as isoniazid, pyrazinamide, pyrazonic acid, and ethambutol, in addition to fluorescein, have been coated with polyethyleneimine followed by mannose labeling for selective targeting of macrophage cells, the loading efficiency was compared to the conventional impregnation loading method. The selected drugs exhibit differences size, charge, and polarity. The developed delivery system has been characterized to indicate the surface are, loading efficiency, morphology, and release behavior at different pH. Results: The loading process is independent of the nature of the drug molecule used and achieves loading efficiencies reaching one order of magnitude higher than those reported for conventional impregnation loading method. Characterization of the modified system indicated unique high surface area as high as 875.8 m2/g, pore size of 3.86 nm, and total pore volume of 1.029 cm3/g. In-vitro release experiments confirmed the pH-controlled release of the cargo molecules from the nanoparticles. Conclusion: We have concomitantly employed previously reported components such as mesoporous silicate, polyethyleneimine coating and mannose labeling, in addition to a novel encapsulation method combined together to develop a smart drug delivery system making use of the advantages of each component. The developed system may be used as a potential novel drug delivery system for combating tuberculosis and/or alike clinical disorders.
The Pedemis Instrument: operation and APG field results (2013)

Pedemis (PortablE Decoupled Electromagnetic Induction Sensor) is a time-domain man-portable electromagnetic induction (EMI) instrument with the intended purpose of improving the detection and classification of UneXploded Ordnance (UXO). Pedemis sports nine coplanar transmitters (the Tx assembly) and nine triaxial receivers held in a fixed geometry with respect to each other (the Rx assembly) but with that Rx assembly physically decoupled from the Tx assembly allowing flexible data acquisition modes and deployment options. Such flexibility is expected to be instrumental in non-trivial terrains exhibiting either an abundant vegetation or being highly contaminated by large or dense clutter. Before validating the sensor in such challenging configurations, however, Pedemis was taken to Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, for its first test site validation. We describe Pedemis, including its operation and data acquisition modes along with our Aberdeen Proving Ground results.
Turbo1500: Core-Based Design for Test and Diagnosis Using IEEE Std. 1500 (2009)

Tool support is crucial in widespread adoption of a standard. This article describes a set of tools and associated flow for DFT insertion and test generation based on IEEE Std 1500.
YA-TRAP: Yet Another Trivial RFID Authentication Protocol (2006)

Security and privacy in RFID systems is an important and active research area. A number of challenges arise due to the extremely limited computational, storage and communication abilities of a typical RFID tag. This work describes a simple technique for inexpensive untraceable identification of RFID tags. The proposed protocol (called YA-TRAP) involves minimal interaction between a tag and a reader and places low computational burden on the tag (a single keyed hash). It also imposes low computational load on the back-end server.
Differential marking of excision planes in screened breast lesions by organically coloured gelatins. (1990)

Traditionally India ink has been used to mark surgical resection margins, more recently with acetone to aid drying. Alternative methods have been suggested in recent months, including solutions of alcian blue, and Tippex. These methods use one colour only and Tippex is radiodense. Artists' pigments have been used, but their radiodensity makes them unsuitable for the detailed mammograms of the sliced screened specimens. An alternative method was specifically designed for impalpable breast lesions. It is based on coloured gelatins that are painted on to the biopsy specimen before dissection. The markers are radiolucent, quick to set, and do not penetrate the connective tissue. They can be applied to both fresh and fixed tissues, and the cost is about 0.05 pounds a specimen. The system is also suitable for marking other large specimens.
Carbon nanotube-enhanced performance of microplasma devices (2004)

Incorporating multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) directly into the cylindrical cathode of Ni screen/BN/Ni microplasma devices significantly improves all device performance parameters—operating and ignition voltages, as well as radiative efficiency. Having a cathode diameter of 200 μm, these devices exhibit operating voltages as much as 30 V (∼22%) lower than those required for an identical structure without CNTs. For Ne pressures of 100–300 Torr, ignition voltages are reduced by 14%–18% with the introduction of CNTs. In contrast, radiative efficiencies in the 300–800 nm spectral region are increased with CNTs by 6%–9% over the entire pressure range studied (200–600 Torr Ne). Voltage–current characteristics for two device configurations suggest that electrons generated within the cathode microcavity by CNT field emission are most effective in impacting device performance.