gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting AML through DR4 with a novel variant of rhTRAIL (2010)

Despite progress in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) the outcome often remains poor. Tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising therapeutic agent in many different types of tumours, but AML cells are relatively insensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Here we show that TRAIL-induced apoptosis in AML cells is predominantly mediated by death receptor 4 (DR4) and not DR5. Therefore, we constructed a variant of TRAIL (rhTRAIL-C3) that is a strong inducer of DR4-mediated apoptosis. TRAIL-C3 demonstrated much stronger pro-apoptotic activity than wild-type (WT) TRAIL in a panel of AML cell lines as well as in primary AML blasts. The higher pro-apoptotic potential was further enhanced when the TRAIL mutant was used in combination with BMS-345541, a selective inhibitor of inhibitor-κB kinases. It illustrates that combination of this TRAIL variant with chemotherapeutics or other targeted agents can kill AML with high efficacy. This may represent a major advantage over the currently used therapies that have serious toxic side effects. The high efficacy of rhTRAIL-C3 containing therapies may enable the use of lower drug doses to reduce the toxic side effects and improve patient outcome. Our findings suggest that the rational design of TRAIL variants that target DR4 potentiate the death-inducing activity of TRAIL and offer a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AML.
Genome-wide analysis yields new loci associating with aortic valve stenosis (2018)

Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease, and valve replacement is the only definitive treatment. Here we report a large genome-wide association (GWA) study of 2,457 Icelandic AS cases and 349,342 controls with a follow-up in up to 4,850 cases and 451,731 controls of European ancestry. We identify two new AS loci, on chromosome 1p21 near PALMD (rs7543130; odds ratio (OR) = 1.20, P = 1.2 × 10<sup>-22</sup>) and on chromosome 2q22 in TEX41 (rs1830321; OR = 1.15, P = 1.8 × 10<sup>-13</sup>). Rs7543130 also associates with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) (OR = 1.28, P = 6.6 × 10<sup>-10</sup>) and aortic root diameter (P = 1.30 × 10<sup>-8</sup>), and rs1830321 associates with BAV (OR = 1.12, P = 5.3 × 10<sup>-3</sup>) and coronary artery disease (OR = 1.05, P = 9.3 × 10<sup>-5</sup>). The results implicate both cardiac developmental abnormalities and atherosclerosis-like processes in the pathogenesis of AS. We show that several pathways are shared by CAD and AS. Causal analysis suggests that the shared risk factors of Lp(a) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contribute substantially to the frequent co-occurence of these diseases.
An integrative morphological and molecular diagnostics for Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) (2011)

Tixier, M‐S., Okassa, M. &amp; Kreiter, S. (2011). An integrative morphological and molecular diagnostics for Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae). — Zoologica Scripta , 41 , 68–78. Phytoseiidae species are predators used in biological control programmes to limit mite pests out‐breaks in the world. Specific diagnostic is thus very important to ensure the success of pest management. This study aims to determine the species status of populations within the main species in vineyards and orchards: Typhlodromus ( Typhlodromus ) pyri, considering four molecular markers (COI, Cytb mtDNAs, 12SrRNA, ITSS) and 34 morphometrical characters. With the three mitochondrial DNA fragments considered, unexpected high genetic distances were observed between two groups, whereas both nuclear DNA and morphological analyses did not show such distinction. Furthermore, the GYMC and the 4 × rule tests emphasised the existence of a single species. Similarly, cross‐breeding experiments between specimens of the two groups showed no reproductive incompatibility. Therefore, despite the great intraspecific variation emphasised by the three mtDNA markers, we conclude that all the specimens considered belong to the same species. The present study clearly underlines the difficulty to conclude on species status using only mt markers and genetic distances, and stresses the necessity to apply multiple approaches for species definition. It also shows the confidence of the morphology for delineating this species.
Degradation of recalcitrant polyurethane and xenobiotic additives by a selected landfill microbial community and its biodegradative potential revealed by proximity ligation-based metagenomic analysis (2019)

ABSTRACT Polyurethanes (PU) are the sixth more produced plastics with around 19-million tons/year, but since they are not recyclable they are burned or landfilled, generating ecological damage. To elucidate the mechanisms that landfill microbial communities perform to attack recalcitrant PU plastic, we studied the BP8 community selected by its capability to grow in a water PU dispersion (WPUD) that contains a polyether-polyurethane-acrylate (PE-PU-A) copolymer and xenobiotic additives (N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone, isopropanol and glycol ethers), and performed a proximity ligation-based metagenomic analysis for revealing the community structure and potential biodegradative capacity. Additives were consumed early whereas the copolymer was cleaved throughout the 25-days incubation. BP8 metagenomic deconvolution reconstructed five genomes, three of them from novel species. Genes encoding enzymes for additives biodegradation were predicted. The chemical and physical analysis of the biodegradation process, and the identified biodegradation products show that BP8 cleaves esters, aromatic urethanes, C-C and ether groups by hydrolytic and oxidative mechanisms. The metagenomic analysis allowed to predicting comprehensive metabolic pathways and enzymes that explain the observed PU biodegradation. This is the first study revealing the metabolic potential of a landfill microbial community that thrives within a WPUD system and shows potential for bioremediation of polyurethane- and xenobiotic additives-contaminated sites.
Remote, semiautomated production of F-18-labeled 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose. (1981)

A routine production system for 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (2-18FDG) for medical use is presented. The method involves the preparation of F-18-labeled F2 by the 20Ne(d, alpha) 18F reaction, subsequent fluorination of 3,4,6-tri-o-acetyl-D-glucal, purification, and hydrolysis of the appropriate diastereoisomer to obtain 2-18FDG. These operations are performed using a completely remote, semiautomatic system. There have been no failures in more than 220 consecutive production runs. Currently, two preparations per day of 15-25 mCi of 2-18FDG are routinely performed, with a radiochemical purity, measured by TLC, in excess of 95% and with less than 1 mR radiation exposure to the chemist. Reaction conditions, operational variables, and systems are described in detail.
Dynamics of periodic multi-component Bose–Einstein condensates (2003)

The cubic vector nonlinear Schrödinger equation with an external trigonometric potential models a quasi-one-dimensional multi-component Bose–Einstein condensate trapped in a standing light wave. We construct families of exact stationary solutions for the more general case of an elliptic function potential. Some of these solutions degenerate to zero as the effect of the external potential disappears, whereas others limit to solutions of the free vector nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The stability of these solutions is examined both analytically and numerically. The stability results depend on the nature of the atomic interactions not only within the components but also between components. As in the scalar case (one component) with repulsive interaction, all linearly stable solutions are deformations of the ground state of the linear Schrödinger equation. Unlike the scalar case with attractive interaction, no solutions are found to be stable if there is any attractive interaction present.
On Predictive Explanation of Data Anomalies (2021)

Numerous algorithms have been proposed for detecting anomalies (outliers, novelties) in an unsupervised manner. Unfortunately, it is not trivial, in general, to understand why a given sample (record) is labelled as an anomaly and thus diagnose its root causes. We propose the following reduced-dimensionality, surrogate model approach to explain detector decisions: approximate the detection model with another one that employs only a small subset of features. Subsequently, samples can be visualized in this low-dimensionality space for human understanding. To this end, we develop PROTEUS, an AutoML pipeline to produce the surrogate model, specifically designed for feature selection on imbalanced datasets. The PROTEUS surrogate model can not only explain the training data, but also the out-of-sample (unseen) data. In other words, PROTEUS produces predictive explanations by approximating the decision surface of an unsupervised detector. PROTEUS is designed to return an accurate estimate of out-of-sample predictive performance to serve as a metric of the quality of the approximation. Computational experiments confirm the efficacy of PROTEUS to produce predictive explanations for different families of detectors and to reliably estimate their predictive performance in unseen data. Unlike several ad-hoc feature importance methods, PROTEUS is robust to high-dimensional data.
Limited switch dynamic logic circuits for high-speed low-power circuit design (2006)

This paper describes a new circuit family—limited switch dynamic logic (LSDL). LSDL is a hybrid between a dynamic circuit and a static latch that combines the desirable properties of both circuit families. The paper also describes many enhancements and extensions to LSDL that increase its logical capability. Finally, it presents the results of two multiplier designs, one fabricated in 130-nm technology and one in 90-nm technology. The 130- and 90-nm designs respectively reach speeds up to 2.2 GHz and 8 GHz.
Desorption Electrospray Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry as a Tool for Investigating Model Prebiotic Reactions on Mineral Surfaces. (2013)

Mineral-assisted thermal decomposition of formamide (HCONH(2)) is a heavily studied model prebiotic reaction that has offered valuable insights into the plausible pathways leading to the chemical building blocks of primordial informational polymers. To date, most efforts have focused on the analysis of formamide reaction products released in solution, although several studies have examined the role of mineral catalysts in promoting this chemistry. We show here that the direct investigation of reactive mineral surfaces by desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) gives a new perspective on the important role of the mineral surface in the formation of reaction products. As a proof-of-principle example, we show that DESI-MSI allows interrogation of the molecular products produced on heterogeneous granite samples with minimal sample preparation. Purine and pyrimidine nucleobases and their derivatives are successfully detected by DESI-MSI, with a strong correlation of the spatial product distribution with the mineral microenvironment. To our knowledge, this study is the first application of DESI-MSI to the study of complex and porous mineral surfaces and their roles in chemical evolution. This DESI-MSI approach is generally applicable to a wide range of reactions or other processes involving minerals.
A role for human skin–resident T cells in wound healing (2008)

Epidermal T cells have been shown to play unique roles in tissue homeostasis and repair in mice through local secretion of distinct growth factors in the skin. Human epidermis contains both alphabeta(+) and gammadelta(+) T cells whose functional capabilities are not understood. We demonstrate that human epidermal T cells are able to produce insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) upon activation and promote wound healing in a skin organ culture model. Moreover, an analysis of the functional capabilities of T cells isolated from acute versus chronic wounds revealed a striking difference. Both alphabeta(+) and Vdelta1(+) T cells isolated from acute wounds actively produced IGF-1, demonstrating that they are activated during tissue damage to participate in wound repair. In contrast, IGF-1 production could not be detected in T cells isolated from chronic wounds. In fact, skin T cells isolated from chronic wounds were refractory to further stimulation, suggesting an unresponsive state. Collectively, these results define a novel role for human epidermis-resident T cells in wound healing and provide new insight into our understanding of chronic wound persistence.
Pharmacognosy: Science of natural products in drug discovery (2014)

Pharmacognosy deals with the natural drugs obtained from organisms such as most plants, microbes, and animals. Up to date, many important drugs including morphine, atropine, galanthamine, etc. have originated from natural sources which continue to be good model molecules in drug discovery. Traditional medicine is also a part of pharmacognosy and most of the third world countries still depend on the use of herbal medicines. Consequently, pharmacognosy always keeps its popularity in pharmaceutical sciences and plays a critical role in drug discovery.
Implementation and performance measurement and analysis of OLSR protocol (2010)

This paper provides a measurement-based performance evaluation of the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol. Two versions of OLSR, OLSR-ETX and OLSR-ETT, are implemented and evaluated on a mesh network that we built from off-the-shelf commercial components. OLSR-ETX uses the Expected Transmission Count (ETX) metric whereas, OLSR-ETT uses the Expected Transmission Time (ETT) metric as a means of assessing link quality. The paper describes our implementation process of the ETT metric using the plug-in feature of OLSRd, and our calculation method of link bandwidth using the packet-pair technique. A series of measurements are conducted in our testbed to analyze and compare the performance of ETX and ETT metrics. Our measurements show that OLSR-ETT outperforms OLSR-ETX significantly in terms of packet loss, end-to-end delay, and stability, yielding a much more robust, reliable, and efficient routing.
Exothermal Characteristics and Release of Residual Monomers from Fiber-reinforced Oligomer-modified Acrylic Bone Cement (2005)

The aim of this study is to determine the peak temperature of polymerization, the setting time and the release of residual monomers of a modified acrylic bone cement. Palacos R, a commercial bone cement, is used as the main component. The cement is modified by adding short glass fibers and resorbable oligomer fillers, and an additional cross-linking monomer. The test specimens are classified according to the composition of the bone cement matrix (i.e., oligomer-filler, glass-fiber reinforcement, and/or cross-linking monomer). The exothermal characteristics during autopolymerization are analyzed using a transducer connected with a computer. The quantities of residual monomers were analyzed from different test groups using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The DeltaT value for the oligomer filler and the glass-fiber-containing acrylic bone cement is lower than that for the unmodified bone cement (2.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 23.5 +/- 4.2 degrees C). The addition of a cross-linking monomer, EGDMA, shortens the setting time of the autopolymerization of the unmodified bone cement (7.1 +/- 0.9 min vs. 3.3 +/- 0.3 min). The quantity of the residual monomers released is higher in the modified bone cement than that in the unmodified cement. The cement that contains glass fibers and oligomer fillers has a considerably lower exothermal peak, whereas the total quantity of residual monomers released is increased.
Uric Acid: A Novel Risk Factor for Acute Kidney Injury in High-Risk Cardiac Surgery Patients? (2009)

This preliminary study suggests that uric acid may be a novel risk factor for acute kidney injury in patients undergoing high-risk cardiovascular surgery.
“PMN-Elastase Assay”: Enzyme Immunoassay for Human Polymorphonuclear Elastase Complexed with α1-Proteinase Inhibitor (1984)

A solid phase, enzyme-linked immunoassay is described for the quantitative determination of the complex of human granulocyte elastase (EC 3.4.21.37) with alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. The assay employs antibody-coated test tubes and it is suitable for routine use in clinical chemistry laboratories. Data for sample stability and test characteristics are given. A reference range of 20-180 micrograms/l elastase in plasma was determined. The diagnostic significance of granulocyte elastase levels in plasma in inflammatory diseases is discussed.
Spatial filters based on EBG structures with anisotropic-like dispersion (2010)

Bandpass and bandstop spatial filters based on the dielectric-rod EBG structures are proposed and validated for the frequency range from 18 to 25 GHz. The obtained experimental results are well consistent with the theoretical predictions. The exploited mechanism utilizes, in particular, anisotropic-like dispersion, which can occur in the conventional EBG structures made of isotropic materials.
Wheel-Rail Profile Condition Monitoring (2010)

Increased railway patronage worldwide is putting pressure on rolling stock and infrastructure to operate at higher capacity and with improved punctuality. Condition monitoring is seen as a contributing factor in enabling this and is highlighted here in the context of rolling stock being procured with high capacity data buses, multiple sensors and centralised control. This therefore leaves scope for advanced computational diagnostic concepts. The rail vehicle bogie and associated wheelsets are one of the largest and most costly areas of maintenance on rolling stock and presented here is a potential method for real time estimation of wheel-rail contact wear to move this currently scheduled based assessment to condition based assessment. This technique utilises recursive âgrey boxâ least squares system identification, used in a piecewise linear manner, to capture the strongly discontinuous nonlinear nature of the wheel-rail geometry.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF SALICYLALDEHYDES WITH BROMONITROMETHANE (1985)

Abstract Die Kondensation verschiedener Salicylaldehyde, z.B. (I), mit Bromnitromethan (II) führt zu den Benzofuranen (III), von denen das Methoxy‐Derivat (IIIb) gemäß dem Formelschema durch Beckmann‐Umlagerung des über′(IVa) erhaltenen Oxims (IVb) zur Amino‐ Verbindung (Va) umgesetzt wird.
Protective role of connexin 32 in steady-state hematopoiesis, regeneration state, and leukemogenesis. (2007)

The role of gap junctions formed by connexins (Cxs) has been implicated in the homeostatic regulation of multicellular systems. Primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells form a multicellular system, but a previous report states that Cx32 is not expressed in the bone marrow. Thus, a question arises as to why Cx molecules are not detected in the hematopoietic tissue other than in stromal cells. Based on our preliminary study, which suggested a potential impairment of hematopoiesis in Cx32-knockout (KO) mice, the objectives of the present study were to determine whether Cx32 functions in the bone marrow during steady-state hematopoiesis and to examine its possible protective roles during regeneration after chemical abrasions and during leukemogenesis after the administration of a secondary genotoxic chemical, methyl nitrosourea (MNU). As a result, the Cx32 molecule, functioning in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment during steady-state hematopoiesis, was observed for the first time; the expressions of Cx32 at the mRNA level, as determined by polymerase chain reaction analysis, and at the protein level, determined using an anti-Cx32 antibody, were observed only in the lin(-)c-kit(+) HSC fraction, using a combination of immunobead-density gradient and immunomagnetic bead separation. Hematopoiesis was impaired in the absence of Cx32, and it was delayed during regeneration after chemical abrasion with 5-fluorouracil at 150 mg/kg body wt in Cx32-KO mice. Cx32-KO mice showed increased leukemogenicity compared with wild-type mice after MNU injection; furthermore, in a competitive assay for leukemogenicity in mice that had been lethally irradiated and repopulated with a mixed population of bone marrow cells from Cx32-KO mice and wild-type mice, the resulting leukemias originated predominantly from Cx32-KO bone marrow cells. In summary, the role of Cx32 in hematopoiesis was not previously recognized, and Cx32 was expressed only in HSCs and their progenitor cells. The results indicate that Cx32 in wild-type mice protects HSCs from chemical abrasion and leukemogenic impacts.
Ab initiocalculations and ellipsometry measurements of the optical properties of the layered semiconductorIn4Se3 (2010)

In this work, we present a thorough study of the optical properties of the layered orthorhombic compound ${\text{In}}_{4}{\text{Se}}_{3}$. The dielectric function---real and imaginary parts, the complex refraction index, the reflectivity, the absorption coefficient, and the conductivity of ${\text{In}}_{4}{\text{Se}}_{3}$ were calculated with the inclusion of the spin-orbit interaction, using an ab initio FP-LAPW method based on DFT. Also, generalized ellipsometry was employed for more precise measurement of the anisotropic dielectric functions for polarization along crystal $a$, $b$, and $c$ axes of orthorhombic absorbing ${\text{In}}_{4}{\text{Se}}_{3}$ single crystals cut approximately parallel to (100) at photon energies from 0.76 to 3.1 eV. Our experimental results show a good agreement with our calculations. We discuss the location and nature of the main optical peaks appearing in the spectra. The obtained optical functions display a rather anisotropic behavior, mainly in the infrared-visible region. Our results seem to be predictive to a high extension, given the scarce experimental information about its optical properties.
Nebulizers: principles and performance. (2000)

Nebulizers have been used clinically for many years. Despite the increasing use of metered-dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers, it is likely that nebulizers will continue to be used in selected patients. A number of factors affect nebulizer performance, and these should be appreciated by clinicians who use these devices. Several new designs have recently become available that improve the performance of the nebulizer, but their cost-effectiveness remains to be determined.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment and therapeutic outcomes in special populations: A collaborative retrospective study (2023)

Our findings support the need for greater availability and use of alternatives to systemic antimonials, particularly local therapies, and development of strategies to improve patient follow-up across the region, with special attention to pediatric populations.
Application of Near Field Communication for Health Monitoring in Daily Life (2006)

We study the possibility of applying an emerging RFID-based communication technology, NFC (Near Field Communication), to health monitoring. We suggest that NFC is, compared to other competing technologies, a high-potential technology for short-range connectivity between health monitoring devices and mobile terminals. We propose practices to apply NFC to some health monitoring applications and study the benefits that are attainable with NFC. We compare NFC to other short-range communication technologies such as Bluetooth and IrDA, and study the possibility of improving the usability of health monitoring devices with NFC. We also introduce a research platform for technical evaluation, applicability study and application demonstrations of NFC.
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENT OF 3,4‐DIHYDRO‐4‐METHYL‐5‐(UREIDOCARBOXY)‐1H‐PYRIMIDIN‐2‐ONE TO URACILS VIA AN INTRAMOLECULAR DIASTEREOFACE DIFFERENTIATING REACTION (1980)

Abstract Propiolsäure (I) und Harnstoff (II) liefern im sauren Milieu im wesentlichen die Kondensationsprodukte (III) und (IV), deren Bildungsmechanismen diskutiert werden.