gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ground-UAV platform geometries for radar imaging (2010)

This paper provides a summary of comparative analysis pertaining to a systems trade study with platform geometries that encompass either one, two, or three distributed RF sensing platforms. The discussion is focused on analysis of a basic set of UAV trajectory parameters associated with performing sky-looking radar imaging. The baseline one-platform case corresponds to one ground-based radar transmitter/receiver. The two-platform case involves one ground-based radar transmitter/receiver and one UAV with a passive receiver and the three-platform case involves one ground-based radar transmitter and two UAV's each equipped with a passive receiver. This notional analysis is conducted with a narrow-bandwidth waveform within the L-Band region of the radar spectrum and notional parameters of the moon are adopted for the object-of-interest for radar imaging. Results indicate that the trajectories of the UAV's can be pre-selected to improve comparative radar imaging performance.
Variable Rate LDPC Codes for Wireless Applications (2006)

This paper deals with the problem of designing good rate-variable LDPC codes for wireless applications, where fast link adaptation is required in order to maximize the system efficiency. In particular, we show that the so-called "pseudo-puncturing" strategy, recently introduced, can be used as a valid alternative to more conventional solutions, by ensuring good performance while maintaining limited complexity
Impaired vascular responses of insulin-resistant rats after mild subarachnoid hemorrhage (2011)

Insulin resistance (IR) impairs cerebrovascular responses to several stimuli in Zucker obese (ZO) rats. However, cerebral artery responses after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have not been described in IR. We hypothesized that IR worsens vascular reactions after a mild SAH. Hemolyzed blood (300 μl) or saline was infused (10 μl/min) into the cisterna magna of 11-13-wk-old ZO (n = 25) and Zucker lean (ZL) rats (n = 25). One day later, dilator responses of the basilar artery (BA) and its side branch (BA-Br) to acetylcholine (ACh, 10(-6) M), cromakalim (10(-7) M, 10(-6) M), and sodium nitroprusside (10(-7) M) were recorded with intravital videomicroscopy. The baseline diameter of the BA was increased both in the ZO and ZL rats 24 h after the hemolysate injection. Saline-injected ZO animals showed reduced dilation to ACh (BA = 9 ± 3 vs. 22 ± 4%; and BA-Br = 23 ± 5 vs. 37 ± 7%) compared with ZL rats. Hemolysate injection blunted the response to ACh in both the ZO (BA = 4 ± 2%; and BA-Br = 12 ± 3%) and ZL (BA = 7 ± 2%; and BA-Br = 11 ± 3%) rats. Cromakalim (10(-6) M)-induced dilation was significantly reduced in the hemolysate-injected ZO animals compared with the saline control (BA = 13 ± 3 vs. 26 ± 5%; and BA-Br = 28 ± 8 vs. 44 ± 9%) and in the hemolysate-injected ZL rats compared with their saline control (BA = 24 ± 4 vs. 32 ± 4%; but not BA-Br = 39 ± 6 vs. 59 ± 9%). No significant difference in sodium nitroprusside reactivity was observed. Western blot analysis of the BA showed a lower baseline level of neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression and an enhanced cyclooxygenase-2 level in the hemolysate-injected ZO animals. In summary, cerebrovascular reactivity to both endothelium-dependent and -independent stimuli is severely compromised by SAH in IR animals.
Socioeconomic Inequities in Adherence to Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in Population-Level Analysis (2020)

(a) Background: In patients with sleep apnea, poor adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy has been associated with mortality. Regional studies have suggested that lower socioeconomic status is associated with worse PAP adherence but population-level data is lacking. (b) Methods: De-identified data from a nationally representative database of PAP devices was geo-linked to sociodemographic information. (c) Results: In 170,641 patients, those in the lowest quartile of median household income had lower PAP adherence (4.1 + 2.6 hrs/night; 39.6% adherent by Medicare criteria) than those in neighborhoods with highest quartile median household income (4.5 + 2.5 hrs/night; 47% adherent by Medicare criteria; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). In multivariate regression, individuals in neighborhoods with the highest income quartile were more adherent to PAP therapy than those in the lowest income quartile after adjusting for various confounders (adjusted Odds Ratio (adjOR) 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14, 1.21; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Over the past decade, PAP adherence improved over time (adjOR 1.96; 95%CI 1.94, 2.01), but health inequities in PAP adherence remained even after the Affordable Care Act was passed. (d) Conclusion: In a nationally representative population, disparities in PAP adherence persist despite Medicaid expansion. Interventions aimed at promoting health equity in sleep apnea need to be undertaken.
Genome Rearrangements of Completely Sequenced Strains of Yersinia pestis (2010)

Yersinia pestis has caused three worldwide plagues in human history that have led to innumerable deaths. We have completely sequenced the genomes of two strains (D106004 and D182038) of Y. pestis isolated from Yunnan Province of China. The most striking finding of our study is that large amounts of genome rearrangement events exist between the genomes of two Yunnan strains despite being isolated from two foci only 50 kilometers apart. When we compared the genome sequences of the Yunnan strains with six strains (CO92, KIM, 91001, Antiqua, Nepal516, and Pestoides F) of Y. pestis sequenced previously, we found that the genomes of Y. pestis were divided into 61 relatively independent segments. Pairwise comparisons of all 61 segments among eight strains showed that the Yunnan strains were most closely related to strain CO92. We concluded that Y. pestis genomes consist of segments that can change their positions and directions within the genomes caused by genome rearrangements, and our study confirmed the inference that the third plague pandemic originated in Yunnan since the genome sequences of Yunnan strains were closest to the strain CO92 isolated from the United States.
On-demand loop-free routing in ad hoc networks using source sequence numbers (2005)

In any on-demand routing protocol, sources flood route requests (RREQ) to build routes to destinations, and each new RREQ is identified uniquely with a source-sequenced label (SSL) consisting of the source identifier and a locally generated sequence number. As a RREQ propagates, it creates a directed acyclic graph (DAG), because nodes relay each RREQ only once. We present the first framework for loop-free on-demand routing in ad hoc networks that is based directly on SSLs, rather than on independent mechanisms, which has been the way in which prior on-demand routing protocols have been designed. Extensive simulation results for simple protocol instantiations of our new framework operating in scenarios with 50 and 100-nodes under different traffic patterns show that our new protocols outperform AODV (Ad hoc on demand distance vector), DSR (dynamic source routing), and OLSR (optimized link state routing)
MYD88 L265P in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, immunoglobulin M monoclonal gammopathy, and other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders using conventional and quantitative allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (2013)

By whole-genome and/or Sanger sequencing, we recently identified a somatic mutation (MYD88 L265P) that stimulates nuclear factor κB activity and is present in >90% of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) patients. MYD88 L265P was absent in 90% of immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) patients. We therefore developed conventional and real-time allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) assays for more sensitive detection and quantification of MYD88 L265P. Using either assay, MYD88 L265P was detected in 97 of 104 (93%) WM and 13 of 24 (54%) IgM MGUS patients and was either absent or rarely expressed in samples from splenic marginal zone lymphoma (2/20; 10%), CLL (1/26; 4%), multiple myeloma (including IgM cases, 0/14), and immunoglobulin G MGUS (0/9) patients as well as healthy donors (0/40; P < 1.5 × 10(-5) for WM vs other cohorts). Real-time AS-PCR identified IgM MGUS patients progressing to WM and showed a high rate of concordance between MYD88 L265P ΔCT and BM disease involvement (r = 0.89, P = .008) in WM patients undergoing treatment. These studies identify MYD88 L265P as a widely present mutation in WM and IgM MGUS patients using highly sensitive and specific AS-PCR assays with potential use in diagnostic discrimination and/or response assessment. The finding of this mutation in many IgM MGUS patients suggests that MYD88 L265P may be an early oncogenic event in WM pathogenesis.
Die kationische caprolactam‐polymerisation. II. Der mechanismus der nicht‐hydrolytischen polymerisation mit wasserfreien säuren und die struktur der polymerisate (1962)

Abstract Bei der Polymerisation von Caprolactam mit wasserfreien Säuren (HCl, Sulfonsäuren) entstehen carboxylgruppenfreie Polyamide, deren Struktur und Bildungsmechanismus untersucht wurde. Die Anfangsstadien aller Polymerisationen wurden durch kurzzeitige Umsetzung molarer Mengen Lactam mit reinen Lactamsalzen der betreffenden Säuren bei 170–190°C aufgeklärt. Infrarotspektroskopisch wurden N‐Acylamidgruppen erkannt; papierchromatographisch konnten polymerhomologe N‐(Oligo‐ε‐aminocaproyl)‐caprolactame mit der Hydroxamsäurereaktion nachgewiesen und als Tetraphenylborate aus der Schmelze isoliert werden. Das Anfangsglied ε‐Aminocaproyl‐caprolactam wurde mit einem authentischen Präparat identifiziert, das durch Kondensation von Carbobenzoxy‐aminocapronsäurechlorid mit Caprolactam und Abspaltung der Schutzgruppe mit HBr/Eisessig synthetisiert wurde. Auf ähnliche Weise (Hydroxamsäurereaktion, Abspaltung von Caprolactam vom Kettenende des Polymeren) wurden N‐acylierte Lactamringe endständig in solchen Polyamiden nachgewiesen. Als Polymerisationsmechanismus wird eine Acylierung des Lactams durch das Lactamsalz vorgeschlagen, die direkt zum Aminocaproyl‐caprolactamsalz führt, an dessen Ammoniumgruppe nun das Kettenwachstum durch Umamidierungen mit freiem Lactam erfolgen kann. Dieser Mechanismus erklärt erstmals die hohe Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit bei Gegenwart von H 3 PO 4 ; daneben findet hier eine hydrolytische Polymerisation durch abgespaltenes Wasser statt. BF 3 reagiert in der ersten Stufe gleichartig zum Aminocaproyl‐lactam, blockiert jedoch dessen NH 2 ‐Gruppe, so daß keine Polymerisation eintritt. Die durch wasserfreie Säuren ausgelöste nicht‐hydrolytische Polymerisation unterscheidet sich danach von der hydrolytischen und der durch Ammoniumsalze initiierten nur durch die Anfangsreaktion und wird gemeinsam mit ihnen wegen des gleichartigen Kettenwachstums als kationische Polymerisation bezeichnet.
Long-Term Systemic Myostatin Inhibition via Liver-Targeted Gene Transfer in Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (2011)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal, X-linked recessive disease affecting 1 in 3,500 newborn boys for which there is no effective treatment or cure. One novel strategy that has therapeutic potential for DMD is inhibition of myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass that may also promote fibrosis. Therefore, our goal in this study was to evaluate systemic myostatin inhibition in the golden retriever model of DMD (GRMD). GRMD canines underwent liver-directed gene transfer of a self-complementary adeno-associated virus type 8 vector designed to express a secreted dominant-negative myostatin peptide (n = 4) and were compared with age-matched, untreated GRMD controls (n = 3). Dogs were followed with serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for 13 months to assess cross-sectional area and volume of skeletal muscle, then euthanized so that tissue could be harvested for morphological and histological analysis. We found that systemic myostatin inhibition resulted in increased muscle mass in GRMD dogs as assessed by MRI and confirmed at tissue harvest. We also found that hypertrophy of type IIA fibers was largely responsible for the increased muscle mass and that reductions in serum creatine kinase and muscle fibrosis were associated with long-term myostatin inhibition in GRMD. This is the first report describing the effects of long-term, systemic myostatin inhibition in a large-animal model of DMD, and we believe that the simple and effective nature of our liver-directed gene-transfer strategy makes it an ideal candidate for evaluation as a novel therapeutic approach for DMD patients.
Pseudo-LiDAR from Visual Depth Estimation: Bridging the Gap in 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving (2018)

3D object detection is an essential task in autonomous driving. Recent techniques excel with highly accurate detection rates, provided the 3D input data is obtained from precise but expensive LiDAR technology. Approaches based on cheaper monocular or stereo imagery data have, until now, resulted in drastically lower accuracies --- a gap that is commonly attributed to poor image-based depth estimation. However, in this paper we argue that it is not the quality of the data but its representation that accounts for the majority of the difference. Taking the inner workings of convolutional neural networks into consideration, we propose to convert image-based depth maps to pseudo-LiDAR representations --- essentially mimicking the LiDAR signal. With this representation we can apply different existing LiDAR-based detection algorithms. On the popular KITTI benchmark, our approach achieves impressive improvements over the existing state-of-the-art in image-based performance --- raising the detection accuracy of objects within the 30m range from the previous state-of-the-art of 22% to an unprecedented 74%. At the time of submission our algorithm holds the highest entry on the KITTI 3D object detection leaderboard for stereo-image-based approaches. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/mileyan/pseudo_lidar.
Receptors, Free Ca2+ Oscillations, and Activation of Glycogenolysis (1991)

High affinity binding sites for endothelin (ET) were identified on rat liver plasma membranes. Binding of 1251-ET-1 with its site was specific, saturable, and time dependent (kob. = 0.019±0.001 min-'), but dissociation of receptor-bound ligand was minimal. A single class of high affinity binding sites for 125I-ET-1 was identified with an apparent Kd of 32.4±9.8 pM and a B.,. of 1084±118 fmol/mg protein. ET-3 and bigET-1 (1-38) (human) inhibited '25I-ET-1 binding with IC50 values of 1.85±1.03 nM and 43±6 nM, respectively. Aequorin measurements of cytosolic free Ca2+ in single, isolated rat hepatocytes showed that ET-1 at subnanomolar concentrations induced a series of repetitive, sustained CaQ2 transients. ET-1 had no effect on cAMP production. Finally, ET-1 caused a rapid and sustained stimulation ofglycogenolysis in rat hepatocytes.A 1.8-fold maximal increase in glycogen phosphorylase a was observed at 1 pM ET-1, with an EC5 of0.03 pM. Stimulation of the enzyme was specific for ET-1 since the order of potency ofrelated peptides was similar to that in binding experiments (ET-1 > ET-3 > big ET-1). These data constitute the first demonstration of the presence of ET-1 binding sites in liver which is associated with a rise in cytosolic free Ca2' and a potent glycogenolytic effect.We conclude that ET-1 behaves as
The cascaded Hough transform as an aid in aerial image interpretation (2002)

Cartography and other applications of remote sensing have led to an increased interest in the (semi-)automatic interpretation of structures in aerial images of urban and suburban areas. Although these areas are particularly challenging because of their complexity, the degree of regularity in such man-made structures also helps to tackle the problems. The paper presents the iterated application of the Hough transform as a means to exploit such regularities. It shows how such 'Cascaded Hough Transform' (or CHT for short) yields straight lines, vanishing points, and vanishing lines. It also illustrates how the latter assist in improving the precision of the former. The examples are based on real aerial photographs.
The role of topical vitamin D modulators in psoriasis therapy. (2009)

Psoriasis affects more than 5 million adults in the United States (U.S.), causing significant impairments in quality of life and incurring substantial costs in treatment. The disease is characterized by hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes resulting from a disordered immune response. Topical therapies, such as corticosteroids, are the most common treatment for psoriasis. However, long-term use of more potent topical corticosteroids is associated with potential risk for side effects. Topical vitamin D agents have been developed as a newer therapeutic option for use in place of, or in addition to, topical corticosteroids. These agents act to inhibit keratinocyte proliferation, normalize differentiation and modulate the activity of immune cells with minimal effect on serum calcium hemostasis. Calcipotriene is the most widely used member of this class, and is one of the most frequently prescribed topical agents for psoriasis. Although evidence suggests that it is approximately as effective as low-to-medium potency corticosteroids, it is associated with cutaneous irritation, especially when used in sensitive areas. Calcitriol ointment is a new option for topical therapy and is the only vitamin D3 ointment available for use in the U.S. and contains the naturally occurring active form of vitamin D3 that is associated with a relatively low rate of side effects.
Caffeine inhibits inositol trisphosphate‐mediated liberation of intracellular calcium in Xenopus oocytes. (1991)

1. Voltage-clamp recording of Ca(2+)-activated chloride currents in Xenopus oocytes was used to study the effects of caffeine on the liberation of intracellular Ca2+ induced by photo-release of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) from caged InsP3. Bath application of caffeine, at concentrations between 0.1 and 10 mM, reduced or abolished the current evoked by photo-release of InsP3 and by microinjection of InsP3. 2. Caffeine did not appreciably reduce currents evoked by injection of Ca2+ into oocytes, whereas measurements using the Ca2+ indicator Rhod-2 showed that it instead inhibited the liberation of Ca2+ by InsP3. 3. Caffeine increased the threshold amount of InsP3 required to evoke a current response and proportionally reduced the currents evoked by suprathreshold levels of InsP3. 4. Theophylline and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) were much less potent than caffeine, and few changes were seen in the InsP3 responses following application of forskolin or intracellular injection of cyclic AMP. Thus, inhibition of InsP3 responses by caffeine does not arise through inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzymes. 5. Even at high (10 mM) concentrations, caffeine did not itself elicit any clear Ca(2+)-activated current. It is therefore unlikely that inhibition of the InsP3 responses arise because caffeine itself liberates Ca2+ from intracellular stores. 6. The site of action of caffeine is intracellular, because injections of caffeine into the oocyte strongly inhibited responses to InsP3, whereas local extracellular applications of similar amounts were almost without effect.
Realization of a Planar Stiffness With a Simple Symmetric Parallel Mechanism (2010)

This paper presents a new method for the realization of a planar compliant behavior with an elastic mechanism. The mechanisms considered are parallel mechanisms with symmetric geometry. We show that any planar stiffness matrix can be realized using a parallel mechanism with four line springs connected symmetrically. Among the four springs, two are identical parallel springs equidistant from the stiffness center, and the other two identical springs intersect at the stiffness center. A synthesis procedure is presented.
Real-time detection of small and large molecules using a porous silicon grating-coupled Bloch surface wave label-free biosensor (2013)

A grating coupled porous silicon (pSi) Bloch Surface Wave (BSW) biosensor capable of supporting a surface mode is demonstrated for the real-time detection of both small and large molecules. In contrast to most pSi based sensor platforms that are unable to perform high sensitivity detection of large molecules that do not infiltrate into the porous matrix, the pSi BSW sensor has more than 15% of the field intensity confined to the surface of the structure, allowing for high sensitivity detection of surface-bound large molecules. Angular interrogated reflectance measurements were carried out to benchmark the performance of the pSi BSW against two common pSi sensor platforms, the waveguide and microcavity, after exposing each sensor to two different small molecules and one large molecule in a flow-cell environment. All of the sensors showed comparable sensitivity towards the detection of the small molecules, but the BSW sensor was clearly superior for detection of the large molecules. The experimental results were found to be in good agreement with simulations based on rigorous coupled wave analysis and the transfer matrix method.
Improving the performance of one column analogs to SMBs (2006)

Abstract A simple unmixed reservoir was developed for the one column chromatograph with recycle analogous to an SMB (Analog) to replace mixed tanks or a complicated unmixed reservoir. Separation of the 1,1′ bi‐2‐naphthol enantiomers was studied. In the linear range the purity index (PI) of the Analog with mixed tanks is 87.5, PI = 94.8 for the unmixed reservoir Analog, and PI = 96.9 for the SMB. SMB scaling rules, extended to Analogs, are used to increase the product purities of the unmixed reservoir Analog to match SMB purities but with lower productivity. Then productivity is increased at constant purity by operating at the maximum allowable pressure drop (15 bar) in each step. After scaling, the unmixed reservoir Analog's productivity was higher than the productivity of a standard SMB (one recycle pump) at the same purities (PI = 96.9), and the mixed tanks Analog's productivity was 3.5 times higher than the standard SMB, but with a significantly lower purity. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Synthesis and structures of monomeric group 14 triols and their reactivity (2014)

The first stable stannanetriol and germanetriol bearing sterically congested aryl groups were synthesized by hydrolysis of the corresponding trichloro-stannane and -germane. The stannanetriol is monomeric in solution as well as in the crystalline state, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction analysis and CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy. The stannanetriol reacted with silicone grease to afford a cagelike compound having three Sn–O–Si–O–Sn linkages in the molecule. All the group 14 triols can be converted to the corresponding trihalo compounds in good yields.
Conformal CVD-ruthenium process for MIM capacitor in giga-bit DRAMs (2002)

To realize the gigabit-scale DRAM capacitor, it is necessary to develop new electrode materials instead of poly-Si and TiN. Among them, Ruthenium has been the most promising electrode material in advance of Pt or Ir because it can be easily etched by oxygen plasma and shows good electrical properties as a capacitor electrode. But, a CVD-Ru film with good conformality and smooth morphology actually applicable to gigabit-scale DRAM generations has not been known up to now. In this work, we present the development of novel CVD process for application in real device with 3-dimensional structure and the electrical properties of capacitor using CVD-Ru electrode.
Escherichia coli 6S RNA is not essential for growth or protein secretion (1985)

The function of the stable 6S RNA of Escherichia coli is not known. Recently, it was proposed that the 6S RNA is a component of a bacterial signal recognition particle required for protein secretion. To test this proposal, we isolated a mutant that lacks the 6S RNA. Studies of the mutant show that the 6S RNA is not essential for growth or for protein secretion. The gene for the 6S RNA (ssr) maps near serA at 63 min on the E. coli genetic map.