gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Inorganic Polyphosphates by Capillary Gel Electrophoresis (2010)

This paper describes the development of a method that uses capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) to analyze mixtures of inorganic polyphosphate ((P(i))(n)). Resolution of (P(i))(n) on the basis of n, the number of residues of dehydrated phosphate, is accomplished by CGE using capillaries filled with solutions of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) and indirect detection by the UV absorbance of a chromophore, terephthalate, added to the running buffer. The method is capable of resolving peaks representing (P(i))(n) with n up to approximately 70; preparation and use of authentic standards enables the identification of peaks for (P(i))(n) with n = 1-10. The main advantages of this method over previously reported methods for analyzing mixtures of (P(i))(n) (e.g., gel electrophoresis, CGE using polyacrylamide-filled capillaries) are its resolution, convenience, and reproducibility; gel-filled capillaries are easily regenerated by pumping in fresh, low-viscosity solutions of PDMA. The resolution is comparable to that of ion-exchange chromatography and detection of (P(i))(n) by suppressed conductivity. The method is useful for analyzing (P(i))(n) generated by the dehydration of P(i) at low temperature (125-140 degrees C) with urea, in a reaction that may have been important in prebiotic chemistry. The method should also be useful for characterizing mixtures of other anionic, oligomeric, or polymeric species without an intrinsic chromophore (e.g., sulfated polysaccharides, oligomeric phospho-diesters).
Logic design of Josephson network (1976)

New logic circuits are designed which employ as information bits the flux-quantum vortices occurring in Josephson junctions of extended dimensions. It is shown that Josephson lines can be interconnected in certain direct ways so that complete logic capability can be achieved with networks of Josephson lines alone.
Observation of a Near-Surface Structural Phase Transition inSrTiO3by Optical Second Harmonic Generation (2000)

A near-surface structural phase transition on a SrTiO3 single crystal, occurring at T(*) about 45 K above the bulk cubic-to-tetragonal transition, is observed by means of optical second harmonic generation. The temperature dependence of the second harmonic field in the vicinity of T(*) is described with a phenomenological Landau-type model.
Consideration on Data Conformance Toward Building Trust in Supply Chain (2020)

The new threats and risks to supply chains are increasing, and countermeasures to these threats are required. In Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP) "Cyber Physical Security for IoT Society", a framework to enhance the trustworthiness of the supply chain is considered. In this paper, we focus on the data transmitted between organisations and propose a framework to enhance the trustworthiness of data supply chain by validating the conformance of its management and usage. The framework consists of 1) profile that defines the requirements of data management and usage, 2) conformance validation logic that ensures that the management and usage comply with the profile and 3) Trust Store that manages results of validation results through the entire supply chain.
Design Practice (2016)

The practice of design is the principal activity of design professionals, and the term practice is often used to distinguish between the noun design and the verb to design. While the type of design practiced may vary, there are some key components that are common to all design disciplines—the proces
Synthesis of the selective muscarinic agonist (3R)-3-(6-chloropyrazin-2-yl)-1-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (1995)

The synthesis of the functionally selective muscarinic agonist (3R)-3-(6-chloropyrazin-2-yl)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane is described commencing from readily available 4-piperidone. The key feature of this novel process is the preparation and resolution of a piperidin-4-ylacetic acid, with the advantage that high yields of the pure (S)-enantiomer may be obtained by epimerisation of the unwanted enantiomer for further resolution. The reaction sequence is completed by reduction to a chiral 4-hydroxyethylpiperidine and intramolecular N-alkylation to the bicycle 1.
Using silicone technology to maintain healthy skin in stoma care (2014)

The use of silicone in stoma care has grown in recent years and may be considered the next step in the revolutionary development of stoma-care products. Clinical nurse specialists aim to provide evidence-based care at all times, and the same is true for stoma-care nurses. Preventing harm by choosing products that have a sound research base provides the patients with up-to-date, quality care, which enables them to adapt to life with a stoma and return to 'normal' functioning. This article explores the issue of peristomal skin problems and the development of silicone products, and highlights scenarios where it could be an advantage to choose a silicone product.
Visible Light Emission and Microplasma Phenomena in Silicon p-n Junction II. Classification of weak spots in diffused p-n junctions (1960)

In the course of study on the visible light emission and microplasma phenomena in diffused silicon p-n junctions, it has been discovered that there exist several types of weak spots in the junction. They can be roughly classified into two groups, one of them includes tiny weak spots which reveal microplasma current pulses at certain characteristic bias voltages, and the other includes tiny spots which contribute “soft” component to the reverse current without being accompanied with microplasma pulses. The latter type of spots could be produced by scratching the surface of the junction with a tungsten needle, whereas the former could not be produced by the same operation. In real diffused junctions there are distributed above mentioned types of point defects. Typical experimental results are given, and the correlation between those weak spots and the current-voltage characteristics is discussed.
Progression from early to advanced stage of immune‐related cholangitis (2022)

No previous case reports have described the changes and progression in bile duct images in immune-related adverse events. Therefore, this case is noteworthy for considering the progression of immune-related cholangitis.
Wireless interconnect between on-chip and LTCC antennas for system-in-package applications (2008)

A novel system-in-package (SiP) implementation is presented for a transmitter (TX) module which makes use of electromagnetic coupling between the TX chip and package antennas at 5.2 GHz. The TX chip is realized in 0.13 mum CMOS process and comprises an on-chip antenna. This on-chip antenna serves as the oscillatorpsilas inductor as well. The TX chip is housed in a low temperature co-fired ceramic (lTCC) package with a patch antenna. The on-chip antenna feeds the LTCC patch antenna through aperture coupling, thus negating the need for RF buffer amplifiers, matching elements, baluns, bond wires and package transmission lines. This first ever combination of onchip and LTCC antennas increases the gain of the module by 32 dB and range by 23 m with respect to the on-chip antenna alone, without deteriorating the circuit performance and power consumption.
Incidence of protein calorie malnutrition in the nursing home population. (1987)

That nutritional parameters change with age is a well-known phenomenon. Physical activity, lean body mass, and metabolic rate all decline with increasing age. There has been little work regarding the nutritional assessment of geriatric nursing home patients to determine their nutritional status and to focus attention on their nutritional needs. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of the residents of two urban nursing homes. The nutritional status of 227 nursing home residents (mean age 72.2 years) was evaluated using biochemical and anthropometric measurements. Midarm muscle circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, weight, height, serum albumin, serum pre-albumin, serum retinol binding protein, and a complete blood count with differential were obtained. The evaluation of this data indicated that there was a 52% incidence of malnutrition. This can be broken down to: 24% hypoalbuminemic malnutrition, 19% Kwashiokor-Marasmus mix, and 9% Marasmus. Twenty-eight percent of all patients were anergic, and 76% of the patients were anemic. In conclusion, there appears to be far more documentable malnutrition than anticipated or previously reported in this population.
Polarimetric MIMO radar target detection using game theory (2011)

Polarimetric radar systems allow the flexibility of transmitting arbitrarily polarized waveforms that match the scattering profiles of the target. Since different types of targets have varying profiles, the advantages of a polarimetric radar system can fully be exploited only when the type of target is accurately estimated. However, accurate estimation requires a significant amount of training data, which can be expensive. We propose a polarimetric design scheme for distributed Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar target detection. We formulate the selection of transmit polarizations using a game theoretic framework by examining the impact of all possible transmit schemes on the detection performance with different available target profiles. This approach does not require training data, and we show a significant performance improvement due to the polarimetric design.
Evaluation of an Automated System for Reading and Interpreting Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Fastidious Bacteria (2016)

Results of disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing depend on individual visual reading of inhibition zone diameters. Therefore, automated reading using camera systems might represent a useful tool for standardization. In this study, the ADAGIO automated system (Bio-Rad) was evaluated for reading disk diffusion tests of fastidious bacteria. 144 clinical isolates (68 β-haemolytic streptococci, 28 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 18 viridans group streptococci, 13 Haemophilus influenzae, 7 Moraxella catarrhalis, and 10 Campylobacter jejuni) were tested on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F, Oxoid) according to EUCAST. Plates were read manually with a ruler and automatically using the ADAGIO system. Inhibition zone diameters, indicated by the automated system, were visually controlled and adjusted, if necessary. Among 1548 isolate-antibiotic combinations, comparison of automated vs. manual reading yielded categorical agreement (CA) without visual adjustment of the automatically determined zone diameters in 81.4%. In 20% (309 of 1548) of tests it was deemed necessary to adjust the automatically determined zone diameter after visual control. After adjustment, CA was 94.8%; very major errors (false susceptible interpretation), major errors (false resistant interpretation) and minor errors (false categorization involving intermediate result), calculated according to the ISO 20776-2 guideline, accounted to 13.7% (13 of 95 resistant results), 3.3% (47 of 1424 susceptible results) and 1.4% (21 of 1548 total results), respectively, compared to manual reading. The ADAGIO system allowed for automated reading of disk diffusion testing in fastidious bacteria and, after visual validation of the automated results, yielded good categorical agreement with manual reading.
Structural Basis of Transcription: Separation of RNA from DNA by RNA Polymerase II (2004)

The structure of an RNA polymerase II-transcribing complex has been determined in the posttranslocation state, with a vacancy at the growing end of the RNA-DNA hybrid helix. At the opposite end of the hybrid helix, the RNA separates from the template DNA. This separation of nucleic acid strands is brought about by interaction with a set of proteins loops in a strand/loop network. Formation of the network must occur in the transition from abortive initiation to promoter escape.
Multiphoton excitation of high singletnpRydberg states of molecular hydrogen: Spectroscopy and dynamics (1987)

We have used two-step, two-color excitation to populate high np singlet Rydberg states of molecular hydrogen under electric-field-free conditions. Sub-Doppler resolution is obtained by exciting the X ${}^{1}$${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{g}^{+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}E ${}^{1}$${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{g}^{+}$ two-photon transition with copropagating photons, then further exciting the molecules to high Rydberg states with a narrow-band laser. We have observed transitions to states up to n\ensuremath{\sim}90 for the Rydberg series which converge to the two lowest ionization limits. From an analysis of the energies of the observed transitions we have obtained new results for the first two ionization potentials of molecular hydrogen, with the highest accuracy reported to date. The new values are 124 417.61\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ for parahydrogen and 124 475.94\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ for orthohydrogen. Some of the Rydberg states predissociate strongly, apparently due to the influence of perturbing states of low principle quantum number. This is the first observation of such predissociation in Rydberg states of high principle quantum number.
The protective activity of tea against infection by Vibrio cholerae O1 (1991)

Extracts of black tea exhibited bactericidal activity against Vibrio cholerae O1. The tea extract inhibited the haemolysin activity of V. cholerae O1, El Tor and the morphological changes of Chinese hamster ovary cells induced by cholera toxin. Tea extract also reduced fluid accumulation induced by cholera toxin in sealed adult mice and by V. cholerae O1 in ligated intestinal loops of rabbits. These findings suggest that tea has protective activity against V. cholerae O1.
Pain-Relief Effects of Aroma Touch Therapy with &lt;i&gt;Citrus junos&lt;/i&gt; Oil Evaluated by Quantitative EEG Occipital Alpha-2 Rhythm Powers (2014)

Aroma touch therapy is widely used in clinical fields for alleviating pain-related symptoms; however, few studies have reported the pain-relief mechanisms. The present study aimed to elucidate the analgesic effects of aroma touch therapy with Citrus junos oil based on the quantitative evaluation of deep brain network (DBN) activity using electroencephalogram (EEG) occipital alpha-2 rhythm (10-13 Hz) powers. Experimental investigations were performed with 13 healthy volunteers using the cold pressor task for simulating chronic pain in three different sessions: a baseline session with no therapies, a control session with a touch therapy, and an aroma touch therapy. We have found for the first time that the interviewed pain ratings represented by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores were strongly correlated with a DBN activity index, which was derived from the slow fluctuation components of occipital EEG alpha-2 rhythm powers. The correlation was characterized by a V-shaped curve in the DBN activity index versus the pain rating, i.e., the NRS score, which provided the complete analgesic states (NRS = 0) for some subjects under aroma touch therapy at an appropriate DBN activity index. Such analgesic states were not so strongly correlated with emotional valence. In conclusion, aroma touch therapy may directly modulate DBN activity so that pain-induced outcomes are minimized.
Blood protein predictors of brain amyloid for enrichment in clinical trials? (2015)

A single blood protein, FGG, combined with age, was shown to relate to NAB and therefore could have potential for enrichment of clinical trial populations.
Notes on Nutritional Properties of Culinary-Medicinal Mushrooms (2005)

Increasingly, mushrooms are being investigated for their role as nutritional foods. However, few studies have been published on their nutritional profiles. The author grew and submitted 20 species for thorough nutritional profiling. In addition, the effect of sunlight on the production of vitamin D of indoor-grown mushroom while drying was explored with Lentinus eddoes (Berk.) Singer (shiitake mushroom), Ganoderma lucidum (W. Curt.:Fr.) Lloyd (reishi), and Grifola frondosa (Dicks.:Fr.) S.F. Gray (maitake). Six to eight hours of sunlight exposure stimulated the production of vitamin D from low levels of 134, 66, and 469 IU, respectively, to 46,000, 2760, and 31,900 IU vitamin D, respectively. Tne most vitamin D was produced in Lentinus edodes, whose spore-producing lamellae were exposed to the sun. Dried mushrooms also elicited vitamin D production subsequent to sunlight exposure. Vitamin D is proven as essential for immune function and has now been identified as a major mitigating factor in many diseases, so the sunlight-activated biosynthesis of vitamin D from ergosterols within mushrooms has substantial implications for the mushroom industry in the context of worldwide health.
Serum immunoglobulin E, IgA, and IgG antibodies to different cow's milk proteins in children with cow's milk allergy: Association with prognosis and clinical manifestations (2002)

Diverse pathogenic mechanisms elicit different clinical manifestations in cow's milk allergy (CMA). Our aim was to determine the concentration of serum immunoglobulin levels to different cow's milk proteins in patients with CMA and to determine how these values were related to clinical symptoms and prognosis. Fifty children (mean age 10.9 months, range: 1-34 months) with previously confirmed CMA were enrolled in this study. All had various clinical manifestations of CMA, including gastrointestinal, skin, and respiratory symptoms. At the diagnosis of CMA the serum total and the milk-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E values were measured by enzyme immunoassay and fluoroimmunoassay, respectively, while the relative levels of serum IgA and IgG antibodies against different cow's milk proteins were determined by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were compared to those of 30 non-atopic age-matched control children. On average, after 9.2 months (range 2-31 months) on a milk-free diet, a repeated challenge was performed in 38 children. At the re-challenge, 12 patients had clinical symptoms while the remaining 26 children were symptom-free. The IgG antibody level to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was significantly lower in the patients than in the controls (median: 0.36 vs. 2.94, p < 0.01). There was a close correlation among all individual IgA and IgG antibodies to different cow's milk proteins. The anti-alpha-casein IgG level (of 2.10) in children with a positive reaction at the re-challenge was significantly higher than in those with a negative reaction (0.89) (p < 0.05). The total IgE serum concentration was also significantly higher in those who had symptoms at the re-challenge compared to those who did not have any reaction at this time (22.9 vs. 6.8 kU/l, geometric mean, p < 0.02). There was no association between the clinical manifestations and the IgG and IgA antibody levels to the cow's milk proteins studied, except for the anti-BSA IgA level, which was higher in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. The serum total IgE and anti-alpha-casein IgG levels could have prognostic values; their increase at the beginning of the disease may indicate the development of tolerance to cow's milk only at a later age and after a longer duration of CMA. However, as there is considerable overlap among the values observed in different groups of patients, there is a limitation of these tests for predicting the prognosis.
Front Matter: Volume 10621 (2018)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10621, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and Conference Committee listing.
Pluripotent stem cells constitutively expressing a normal erythropoietin receptor give rise to normal hematopoiesis in lethally irradiated recipient mice. (1996)

The cellular mechanism by which the stem cell differentiates toward an individual myeloid lineage is unknown. To determine whether lineage-specific cytokines are involved in stem cell determination, murine bone marrow cells were infected with a retroviral vector carrying a murine erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) cDNA. Infected marrow cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated syngeneic recipient mice, and the effect of Epo was studied on EpoR-expressing pluripotent stem cell determination. The graft contained, among myeloid cells, around 100 CFU-S12, half of which were retrovirally infected. One month after grafting, the bone marrow of mice reconstituted with EpoR-infected cells contained 50 times more infected multipotent progenitors than mice reconstituted with control bone marrow cells. However, this number returned to normal 45 days after the graft. No variation was observed in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen cellularities or in committed progenitors in the bone marrow and in the spleen when Neo or EpoR reconstituted mice were assayed. When Epo was delivered into reconstituted mice one month after grafting, Epo had no differential effect in EpoR or Neo reconstituted mice. This study emphasizes the in vivo Epo proliferative response of multipotent progenitors expressing a normal EpoR gene and shows that, in vivo as in vitro, the differentiation of these multipotent progenitors is not preferentially oriented toward erythropoiesis.
The Dangerous Liaisons between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Venous Thromboembolism (2020)

Acute intercurrent or chronic coexisting diseases are increasingly common in patients who are diagnosed with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE), especially in the aging population. 1 These coexisting morbidities are important because they (1) increase the risk for VTE; (2) interfere with the diagnostic strategies; (3) drive the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant therapy; and (4) impact importantly on the prognosis of these patients suffering from several diseases. While this has probably been best studied for cancer-associated thrombosis, 2 also chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and VTE have a complicated relationship.
Modeling Temporal Activity Patterns in Dynamic Social Networks (2014)

The focus of this work is on developing probabilistic models for temporal activity of users in social networks (e.g., posting and tweeting) by incorporating the social network influence as perceived by the user. Although prior work in this area has developed sophisticated models for user activity, these models either ignore social network influence completely or incorporate it in an implicit manner. We overcome the nontransparency of the network in the model at the individual scale by proposing a coupled hidden Markov model (HMM), where each user's activity evolves according to a Markov chain with a hidden state that is influenced by the collective activity of the friends of the user. We develop generalized Baum-Welch and Viterbi algorithms for parameter learning and state estimation for the proposed framework. We then validate the proposed model using a significant corpus of user activity on Twitter. Our numerical studies show that with sufficient observations to ensure accurate model learning, the proposed framework explains the observed data better than either a renewal process-based model or a conventional (uncoupled) HMM. We also demonstrate the utility of the proposed approach in predicting the time to the next tweet. Finally, clustering in the model parameter space is shown to result in distinct natural clusters of users characterized by the interaction dynamic between a user and his network.