gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 256-kbit flash E/SUP 2/PROM using triple-polysilicon technology (1987)

A high-density 256-kb flash electrically erasable PROM (E/SUP 2/PROM) with a single transistor per bit has been developed by utilizing triple-polysilicon technology. As a result of achieving a novel compact cell that is as small as 8/spl times/8 /spl mu/m/SUP 2/, even with relatively conservative 2.0-/spl mu/m design rules, a small die size of 5.69/spl times/5.78 mm/SUP 2/ is realized. This flash E/SUP 2/PROM is fully pin-compatible with a 256-kb UV-EPROM without increasing the number of input pins for erasing by introducing a novel programming and erasing scheme. Programming time is as fast as 200 /spl mu/s/byte and erasing time is less than 100 ms per chip. A typical access time of 90 ns is achieved by using sense-amplifier circuitry.
Fractal-based modeling of 3D terrain surfaces (2002)

Fractal-based methods have been developed and implemented for analyzing a 3D mesh of terrain sample points and using then to approximate the terrain surface at points between the known sample points. Fractal features such as fractal dimension and distribution function are extracted from a coarsely sampled 3D surface, and then interpolated in order to estimate the intervening surface. The sample mesh is generated using random midpoint displacement. For comparison, a reference 2 meter mesh is sampled at 4 meters, and the random midpoint displacement method is used to predict 2 meter grid points. The reference mesh and the interpolated mesh are found to give a reasonable match. Software algorithms implement the fractal-based analysis and interpolation techniques. Fractional Brownian functions are used in random displacements.
Location-Based Optimum Relay Selection in Random Spatial Networks (2019)

This paper investigates the location-based relay selection problem, where the source node chooses its relay from a set of spatially deployed decode-and-forward relays. The advantages of location-based relay selection are the elimination of excessive relay switching rate and the feedback reduction avoiding the requirement of having full channel state information at the source node. For a homogeneous Poisson point process of candidate relays, we first derive the distribution for the distance of the relay (relative to the source and destination nodes) selected by the optimum location-based relay selection policy. This result is independent of the functional form of the path-loss function as long as it is a non-increasing function of the transmitter-receiver separation. By utilizing the derived optimum relay distance distribution, we then obtain analytical expressions for the average rate and outage probability by considering the power-law decaying path-loss function for the no-fading and Rayleigh fading communication scenarios. It is observed that the optimum relay selection policy outperforms the other common selection strategies notably, including the ones choosing the relay closest to the source, the relay closest to the destination and the relay closest to the mid-point between source and destination.
Novel detoxification of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol by a soil bacterium isolated by enrichment culture (1997)

A mixed microbial culture capable of metabolizing deoxynivalenol was obtained from soil samples by an enrichment culture procedure. A bacterium (strain E3-39) isolated from the enrichment culture completely removed exogenously supplied deoxynivalenol from culture medium after incubation for 1 day. On the basis of morphological, physiological, and phylogenetic studies, strain E3-39 was classified as a bacterium belonging to the Agrobacterium-Rhizobium group. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis indicated the presence of one major and two minor metabolites of deoxynivalenol in ethyl acetate extracts of the E3-39 culture filtrates. The main metabolite was identified as 3-keto-4-deoxynivalenol by mass spectroscopy and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The immunosuppressive toxicity of 3-keto-4-deoxynivalenol was evaluated by means of a bioassay based on the mitogen-induced and mitogen-free proliferations of mouse spleen lymphocytes. This compound exhibited a remarkably decreased (to less than one tenth) immunosuppressive toxicity relative to deoxynivalenol, indicating that the 3-OH group in deoxynivalenol is likely to be involved in exerting its immunosuppressive toxicity. Strain E3-39 was also capable of transforming 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol but not nivalenol and fusarenon-X.
Report from the NIST-MAS Workshop on “The Accuracy Barrier in Quantitative EPMA and the Role of Standards” (2003)

Journal Article Report from the NIST-MAS Workshop on “The Accuracy Barrier in Quantitative EPMA and the Role of Standards” Get access Dale Newbury, Dale Newbury National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-837 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ryna Marinenko, Ryna Marinenko National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-837 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John Armstrong, John Armstrong National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-837 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John Small, John Small National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-837 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Eric Steel Eric Steel National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-837 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 9, Issue S02, 1 August 2003, Pages 528–529, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927603442645 Published: 21 July 2003
Rho/ROCK pathway as a target of tumor therapy (2005)

This study emphasizes the importance of Rho/ROCK pathway in lovastatin-induced apoptosis as replenishment with exogenous isoprenoid, geranylgeranylpyrophosphate (GGPP), resulted in inhibition of apoptosis in cultured tumor cells. Treatment of C6 glioma cells with Toxin B and exoenzyme C3 resulted in cell death suggesting the role of geranylgeranylated protein(s) in the survival of glioma cells. Relative apoptotic death observed in cells transfected with dominant negative constructs of RhoA, Rac, and cdc42 imply Rho A as playing the major role in cell survival. Furthermore, the inhibition of Rho A kinase (ROCK), a direct downstream effector of Rho A, by Y-27632 or dominant negative of ROCK, induced apoptosis in glioma cells. These findings indicate that RhoA/ROCK pathway is involved negatively in the regulation of glioma cell death pathway. Moreover, in vivo studies of lovastatin treatment in animals implanted with C6 glioma cell tumors also resulted in smaller tumor size and induced apoptosis in the tumor tissue. The implantation of stably transfected C6 glioma cells with expression vector of C3 exoenzyme, dominant negative of RhoA and ROCK, resulted in significant smaller tumor mass, further establishing the importance of geranylgeranylated proteins, specifically RhoA and its downstream effecter ROCK, in cell survival and tumor genesis.
A reconfigurable beam-scanning partially reflective surface (PRS) antenna (2015)

© 2015 EurAAP. A novel reconfigurable partially reflective surface (PRS) antenna is presented in this paper. The beam scanning ability is realized by employing a reconfigurable PRS structure and a phased array as the source. The design achieves a beam switching between -15°, 0°, to 15° with respect to the broadside direction from 5.5 GHz to 5.7 GHz with the realized gains over 12 dBi. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results is achieved.
How Negative Experiences Shape Long-Term Food Preferences (2010)

Does the context in which people first experience a foreign or unfamiliar food shape long-term preferences for that food? While there is abundant research demonstrating the immediate effects of environmental cues on food consumption, research investigating the potential long-term effects of contextual experiences with a food on preference remains scarce. Research generally examines the effect of specific food characteristics and for instance personality characteristics on food preferences, largely ignoring the very first experiences people had with a food. To better understand and predict people’s preferences for different types of foods, it is important to understand the origin of their preferences. To investigate this, in the present chapter, we rely on unique data on food preferences among soldiers involved in World War II. More specifically, we examine whether the trauma of combat shaped veterans preferences for Japanese and Chinese food based on a survey among 493 American veterans of World War II. Pacific veterans who experienced high levels of combat had a stronger dislike for these Asian foods than those Pacific veterans experiencing lower levels of combat. Consistent with expectations, combat experience for European veterans had no impact on their preference for Asian food. The situation in which one is initially exposed to an unfamiliar food may long continue to shape preferences, in the context of this research up to 60 years.
Surface plasmon enhancement of photoluminescence in photo-chemically synthesized graphene quantum dot and Au nanosphere (2016)

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are promising candidates for potential applications such as novel optoelectronic devices and bio-imaging. However, insufficient light absorption to exhibit their intriguing characteristics. The strong confinement of light caused by the Au nanoparticles as an antenna can considerably boost the light absorption. With the assistance of ultraviolet irradiation, we prepared bluish-green luminescent nanospheres by the hybridization of GQD and Au nanoparticles (GQD/Au). These nanospheres showed a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 26.9%. The GQD/Au nanospheres were synthesized using a solution of GQDs and HAuCl4 by a photochemical method with the reduction of GQDs and the formation of metallic Au. The GQDs and Au nanoparticles self-assembled and aggregated into nanospheres via aurophilicity and hydrogen bonding interactions. The average size of the GQD/Au nanospheres was found to be in the range of 150–170 nm, which is much larger than that of the pristine GQDs (4–7 nm). The GQD/Au nanospheres exhibited an absorption band at 541 nm, which indicates the presence of Au in the nanospheres. The typical absorbance features of GQDs were observed near 236 and 303 nm. The photoluminescence characteristics were investigated using the excitation and emission spectra. The GQD/Au nanospheres exhibited two emission peaks at 468 and 529 nm in the visible range. The green fluorescent peak located at 529 nm was newly generated by the hybridization. The GQD/Au nanospheres showed an emission efficiency which was two times more than that of the intrinsic GQDs. The reason for this increase was the surface plasmon resonance from the Au particles, which improved the fluorescence property of the resulting nanospheres. These nanospheres can be perceived as outstanding candidates for applications such as displays, optoelectronic devices, and imaging of the biological samples with high emission intensity.
La Balanza de pagos y la posición de inversión internacional de España en 2020 (2021)

La economia espanola presento, en 2020, una capacidad de financiacion del 1,1% del PIB, 
sensiblemente inferior a la del ano previo, cuando se situo en el 2,5%. Este descenso reflejo, 
fundamentalmente, el impacto de la crisis sanitaria sobre los ingresos turisticos, que se contrajeron 
fuertemente, afectados por las restricciones a la movilidad internacional y a la actividad en los 
servicios de hosteleria y turismo introducidas para contener la expansion de la pandemia. 
La ampliacion del deficit de rentas secundarias tambien contribuyo al deterioro de la capacidad de 
financiacion, aunque en mucha menor medida. Estos desarrollos contrarrestaron la mejora 
del resto de los componentes, que fue particularmente destacada en las balanzas de bienes y de 
rentas primarias. Por su parte, la evolucion de las operaciones financieras con el exterior ha estado 
muy condicionada por el aumento del volumen de compras de activos del Eurosistema, que se ha 
reflejado en un elevado saldo positivo de la cuenta financiera de los sectores residentes, excluyendo 
el Banco de Espana. Por el contrario, las operaciones financieras de este ultimo frente al resto del 
mundo reflejaron un abultado incremento de sus pasivos. El saldo deudor de la Posicion 
de Inversion Internacional neta de Espana se incremento hasta el 84,3% del PIB, como resultado 
fundamentalmente de la intensa caida del PIB y de la disminucion del valor de los activos financieros 
exteriores debido a la apreciacion del euro. Por ultimo, la deuda externa bruta de la nacion se situo 
en maximos historicos en terminos de PIB (199,4%) debido a la contraccion de la actividad 
economica y a la asuncion de nuevos pasivos, particularmente por parte del Banco de Espana, en 
el contexto de un aumento de las posiciones de esta institucion frente al Eurosistema, como 
resultado de la aplicacion de sus programas de compras de activos.
Reconstruction of multiple Compton scattering events in MeV gamma-rayCompton telescopes using a physics-based probabilistic model (2021)

Aimed at progress in MeV gamma-ray astronomy which has not yet been well-explored, Compton telescope missions with a variety of detector concepts have been proposed so far. One of the key techniques for these future missions is an event reconstruction algorithm that is able to determine the scattering orders of multipleCompton scattering events and to identify events in which gamma rays escape from the detectors before they deposit all of their energies. We revisit previous event reconstruction methods, and propose a modified algorithm based on the maximum likelihood method. First, we present a general formalism of likelihood functions describing physical interactions inside the detector and measurement processes. Then, we also introduce several approximations in the calculation of the likelihood functions for efficient computation. For validation, the developed algorithm has been applied to simulation data of a Compton telescope using a liquid argon time projection chamber, which is a new type of Compton telescope proposed for the GRAMS mission.We have confirmed that it works successfully for up to 8-hit events, including correction of incoming gamma-ray energies for escape events. The proposed algorithm can be used for next-generation MeV gamma-ray missions featured by large-volume detectors, e.g., GRAMS.
Novel Anti-Inflammatory-Pro-Resolving Mediators and Their Receptors (2011)

Resolution of inflammation, an actively coordinated program, is essential to maintain host health. It involves effective removal of inflammatory stimuli and the spatio-temporal control of leukocyte trafficking as well as chemical mediator generation. During the active resolution process, new classes of small, local acting endogenous autacoids, namely the lipoxins, D and E series resolvins, (neuro)protectins, and maresins have been identified. These specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM) prevent excessive inflammation and promote removal of microbes and apoptotic cells, thereby expediting resolution and return to tissue homeostasis. As part of their molecular mechanism, SPM exert their potent actions via activating specific pro-resolving G-protein coupled receptors. Together these SPM and their receptors provide new concepts and opportunities for therapeutics, namely promoting active resolution as opposed to the conventionally used enzyme inhibitors and receptor antagonists. This approach may offer new targets suitable for drug design for treating inflammation related diseases, for the new terrain of resolution pharmacology.
Theoretical model for phase conjugation of optical near fields (1995)

A macroscopic self-consistent model for external-reflection near-field microscopy together with a similar model for photon scanning tunneling microscopy is used to describe phase conjugation of light that is emitted by a fiber tip placed near a phase-conjugating mirror. The appropriate relations are obtained for a two-dimensional configuration, and numerical results for various trapezium-shaped fiber tips are presented. This modeling accounts for the main features of recent experiments on phase conjugation of optical near fields and emphasizes the significance of taking into consideration field components that are evanescent in air but propagating in the phase-conjugating mirror. The influence of fiber tip parameters on the spatial confinement of phaseconjugated light is discussed.
Autoantibodies and Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Persons Living near a Hazardous Waste Treatment Facility (2004)

Background Increased autoantibody prevalence has been described in instances of high-dose exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In 1996, an equipment malfunction at the Swan Hills Treatment Centre in Alberta, Canada, caused the release of gases containing PCBs into the ambient air. In view of the immune effects of PCBs and their potential as endocrine disruptors, we assessed autoantibody prevalence and looked for correlations with PCB levels. Methods Fifty-seven persons living within a 100 km radius of the waste treatment facility were assessed. Autoantibodies were measured by indirect immunofluorescence, double immunodiffusion, and immunoblotting. The levels of 26 congeners of PCBs were measured by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Provincial health records for physician visits and hospitalizations were reviewed for diagnoses of autoimmune disease. Results The prevalence of autoantibodies was 11% in the study participants and 0% in healthy controls. There was no correlation of PCB levels with autoantibody results. There was no associated increase in autoimmune disease noted on physician visits or hospitalizations. PCB levels were comparable to background levels reported for other populations. Conclusion A correlation of titers of autoantibodies in the sera of individuals at risk and the blood levels of PCBs was not found, and the prevalence of autoantibodies in the at-risk group was not statistically different ( p &gt; .05) from that of an unexposed control group. The study group had higher titers of autoantibodies and some strong reactivity with intracellular antigens, but the significance of this observation may be understood only after long-term clinical assessments and follow-up.
Serum cardiac troponin I and ST-segment elevation in patients with acute pericarditis (2000)

In patients with idiopathic acute pericarditis, an increase in cardiac troponin I is frequently observed, especially in younger patients and those with a recent infection. Although ST-segment elevation does not reliably indicate myocardial injury, a significant cardiac troponin I increase is only seen in these patients.
Structure and Promoter Analysis of the Gene Encoding the Human Melanoma-inhibiting Protein MIA (1996)

We have recently described the isolation of a novel protein, MIA, which is secreted from malignant melanoma cells and elicits growth inhibition on melanoma cells in vitro (Blesch, A., Bosserhoff, A. K., Apfel, R., Behl, C., Hessdörfer, B., Schmitt, A., Jachimczak, P., Lottspeich, F., Schlingensiepen, H., Buettner, R., and Bogdahn, U. (1994) Cancer Res. 54, 5695-5701). Here, we report the structure of the human MIA gene locus, describe its expression pattern in melanocytic tumors in vivo, and provide an initial characterization of the MIA promoter. The MIA gene is encoded by four exons, and the mRNA initiation site was identified 70 base pairs upstream from the translation start codon. MIA mRNA expression in vivo correlated with progressive malignancy of melanocytic lesions and was inducible in other cells by phorbol esters. To investigate mechanisms mediating this melanoma-associated expression pattern, we analyzed the promoter activity of the 1.3-kilobase genomic sequences located 5'-upstream of the MIA gene. The MIA promoter conferred high levels of gene activation specifically in human and murine melanoma cells, and its activity was further enhanced by treatment with phorbol esters. Site-directed mutation of an NF-kB site within the MIA promoter did reduce the basal promoter activity in melanoma cells but did not change significantly enhancement by phorbol esters.
Stereochemistry and Reactions of Aziridinyl- phosphinothionates Derived from Amino Acids (1983)

Journal Article Stereochemistry and Reactions of Aziridinyl- phosphinothionates Derived from Amino Acids Get access Akinori Hirashima, Akinori Hirashima Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Eto Morifusa Eto Morifusa Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 47, Issue 4, 1 April 1983, Pages 829–838, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1983.10865712 Published: 01 April 1983 Article history Received: 01 October 1982 Published: 01 April 1983
Low-Cost, High-Performance Chemicals for Enhanced Oil Recovery (2010)

Abstract The ability to select low-cost, high-performance surfactants for a wide range of crude oils under a wide range of reservoir conditions has improved dramatically in recent years. We have developed surfactant formulations (surfactant, co-surfactant, co-solvent, alkali, polymer, electrolyte) using a refined phase behavior approach. Such formulations nearly always result in more than 90% oil recovery in both outcrop and reservoir cores when good surfactants with good mobility control are used. Chemical flood residual oil saturations are typically less than 0.04 and surfactant retention between 0.01 and 0.1 mg/g with these formulations using as little as 0.2% surfactant concentration and 30% pore volume ASP slugs. We describe some of the advances that have improved the performance, reduced the cost, increased the robustness, and extended the range of reservoir conditions for these formulations. There are thousands of possible combinations of the chemicals that could be tested for each oil and each chemical combination requires many observations over a long time period at reservoir temperature for proper evaluation, so it would take too long, cost too much and in many cases not even be feasible to test all combinations. In practice we use our scientific understanding of how to match up the surfactant/co-surfactant/co-solvent characteristics with the oil characteristics, temperature, salinity, hardness and so forth. We have synthesized and tested new surfactants with much larger hydrophobes and more branching than previously available. We have tested new classes of co-solvents and co-surfactants with superior performance. These new developments have enabled us to develop good formulations for both oils that react with alkali to make soap and oils that do not. We have significantly lowered the chemical cost needed for waxy crudes with very high equivalent alkane carbon numbers. We have good results for oils with API gravities as low as 17, high temperature, high salinity, and high hardness brines. Many of these developments are synergistic and taken together represent a breakthrough in reducing the cost of chemical flooding and thus its commercial potential in both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs.