gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steam heat with an EDTA buffer and protease digestion optimizes immunohistochemical expression of basal cell-specific antikeratin 34betaE12 to discriminate cancer in prostatic epithelium. (1999)

In select cases of prostatic carcinoma, antikeratin 34betaE12 immunohistochemical analysis is diagnostically useful for specific labeling of basal cells. This antibody, however, is prone to variability in staining, and the optimal conditions were not, to our knowledge, previously defined. We combined steam heat with EDTA buffer (steam-EDTA) and protease digestion (steam-EDTA + protease) to optimize epitope retrieval of antikeratin 34betaE12 in 42 cases of prostatic cancer. Results were judged by the percentage of cells staining and by staining intensity. In benign epithelium, steam-EDTA + protease significantly increased the percentage of immunoreactive cells (from 74 to 93%) and the intensity of staining (from 2.1 to 3.0 on a scale of 0-3+) by comparison with protease alone (all P<.001). In high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, the percentage of cells staining increased from 55 to 73% and intensity increased from 1.7 to 2.8 (both P<.001). Steam-EDTA + protease also minimized variability in results between cases, with essentially no background stromal staining. Cancer was negative in all of our cases by both methods. We conclude that steam-EDTA + protease significantly enhances basal cell immunoreactivity compared with protease treatment alone in noncancerous prostatic epithelium. This helps to prevent misinterpretation of histologic mimics of cancer, such as atrophic acini and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, that result from false-negative staining.
CMOS Photodetectors Integrated With Plasmonic Color Filters (2011)

A single-pixel plasmonic complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) photo sensor consisting of a plasmonic color filter integrated on a CMOS photodiode was fabricated using electron beam lithography and dry etch. The photocurrent measurement results confirmed the three primary color filtering responses that could be achieved in a single layer of nanostructured aluminium film. Finite-difference time-domain simulation demonstrated a good agreement of the reflection spectra with the measured result. This research can lead to the development of advanced CMOS image sensors with low cost and low crosstalk.
Manual of Cardiovascular Medicine (2018)

Acute Coronary Syndromes Chronic Ischemic Syndromes Chronic Heart Failure Valvular Heart Disease Arrhythmia Diseases of the Aorta and Pericardium Adult Congenital Heart Disease Common Cardiology Consults Preventive Cardiology Noninvasive Assessment Electrophysiology Miscellaneous Conditions Procedures Inde
Security and rights management in digital cinema (2003)

This paper provides an overview of digital cinema including some of the architectural ideas that have been proposed and are being considered. There are a number of security tools that can be used with the goal of secure delivery of motion picture content to the projector. There are many technical and business constraints that guide these designs. Independently, there have been a number of efforts in the watermarking community to attach forensic tracking information to the motion picture content. Such information would provide persistent tracking beyond the projector and would be useful in identifying compromised equipment.
An enhanced dual-path &#x0394;&#x03A3; analog-to-digital converter (2009)

This paper presents an enhanced dual-path delta-sigma ADC. The first-order enhancement of the quantization noise shaping is achieved by employing a switched capacitor circuit technique. A test chip, fabricated in a 0.18-µm CMOS process, provides a signal-to-noise+distortion ratio (SNDR) of 75- dB for a 1.0-MHz signal bandwidth clocked at 40-MHz. The 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> harmonic is −101-dB and the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> one is −94-dB when a −4.5-dB 100-kHz input signal is applied.
The A2B Adenosine Receptor Promotes Th17 Differentiation via Stimulation of Dendritic Cell IL-6 (2011)

Adenosine is an endogenous metabolite produced during hypoxia or inflammation. Previously implicated as an anti-inflammatory mediator in CD4(+) T cell regulation, we report that adenosine acts via dendritic cell (DC) A(2B) adenosine receptor (A(2B)AR) to promote the development of Th17 cells. Mouse naive CD4(+) T cells cocultured with DCs in the presence of adenosine or the stable adenosine mimetic 5'-(N-ethylcarboximado) adenosine resulted in the differentiation of IL-17- and IL-22-secreting cells and elevation of mRNA that encode signature Th17-associated molecules, such as IL-23R and RORγt. The observed response was similar when DCs were generated from bone marrow or isolated from small intestine lamina propria. Experiments using adenosine receptor antagonists and cells from A(2B)AR(-/-) or A(2A)AR(-/-)/A(2B)AR(-/-) mice indicated that the DC A(2B)AR promoted the effect. IL-6, stimulated in a cAMP-independent manner, is an important mediator in this pathway. Hence, in addition to previously noted direct effects of adenosine receptors on regulatory T cell development and function, these data indicated that adenosine also acts indirectly to modulate CD4(+) T cell differentiation and suggested a mechanism for putative proinflammatory effects of A(2B)AR.
Incorporating contrast agent diffusion into the analysis of DCE‐MRI data (2007)

Standard two-compartment pharmacokinetic models that describe the dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) time course of gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) concentration in a tissue do not account for the passive diffusion of contrast agent (CA) from a well-perfused to a less vascularized region. Even when the arterial input function (AIF) is perfectly known, the standard Tofts model returns inaccurate values of K(trans) (mean absolute relative difference [ARD] of 43%) from realistic simulated data where a well-defined delineation exists between a well-perfused and a poorly vascularized region. This contribution proposes a diffusion-perfusion (DP) model in which diffusion of a low molecular weight CA is incorporated in the standard two-compartment Tofts model. The proposed DP model reliably retrieved the values of K(trans) and v(e) (mean ARD of 16% and 17%, respectively) from simulated data. On mouse adenocarcinoma xenograft data showing evidence of CA diffusion, the standard model returned unphysical values of v(e) in the tumor core whereas the proposed DP model found values that were in the physical range (0 < v(e) < 1) throughout the tissue. In addition, K(trans) distributions from the DP model more closely corresponded to the observed sharp delineation between highly and poorly perfused areas observed in the mouse tumors.
Microstructural investigations of EBPVD thermal barrier coatings (1993)

This paper deals with the morphology, constitutive phases and fine microstructures of some EBPVD processed yttria partially stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings. This study has been performed by X-ray diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It was shown that the coatings studied were constituted of a single metastable tetragonal t' phase, as expected if one refers to the well-known non equilibrium paths in the zirconia-yttria phase diagram, and not of a cubic solid-solution, as it is claimed in several papers in the literature. It was also shown that this tetragonality is not easily evidenced by X-ray diffraction because the t' grains exhibit a particular crystallographical texture (c axis generally parallel to the substrate/coating interface). The relationship between the coating tetragonality, its particular texture and its ability to resist crack propagation is discussed. It is suggested that the former could significantly contribute to the well-known toughness of EBPVD coatings, leading to increased resistance to thermomechanical fatigue.
The Use of PDX1 DNA Methylation to Distinguish Two Subtypes of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms with Different Prognoses (2022)

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) account for approximately 5% of all pancreatic tumors; thus, they constitute the second most common tumor type in the pancreas [...].
Personalized Healthcare in Clotting Disorders (2009)

In terms of managing thrombotic disorders, genotype-based individualized patient care emerged as early as 1994 when the association of factor V Leiden (G1691A), and later, prothrombin (G20210A), with thrombotic phenotypes were discovered. Since then, genetic tests for specific thrombophilic SNPs have been routinely incorporated into daily practices in both thrombotic risk assessment and clinical decision-making with respect to prophylactic anti-thrombotic therapy. Recently, the area of pharmacogenomics in major anti-thrombotic drugs, such as warfarin and clopidogrel, has been the principal driver for personalized therapy based on one's own individual characteristics.
Coupling of Electromagnetic Waves in CdS (1966)

A theoretical and experimental study is made of the coupling of the ordinary and extraordinary electro-magnetic waves in CdS. The coupling, which may be induced by an external magnetic field or stress, occurs only at energies near the accidental crossing of the index-of-refraction curves ${n}_{0}(E)$ and ${n}_{e}(E)$. This effect was pointed out by J. J. Hopfield and D. G. Thomas, who showed that this condition, when combined with the anisotropic optical absorption present in the crystal, leads to a discrete absorption line. The oscillatory behavior of the coupled energy and the magnitude of these absorption effects are quantitatively explained. These effects can be used to produce a unique type of optical filter which may be either band-pass or band-reject. Finally, the Faraday rotation in CdS normal to the optic axis is measured at the isotropic point.
Toward a scalable, silicon-based quantum computing architecture (2003)

Advances in quantum devices have brought scalable quantum computation closer to reality. We focus on the system-level issues of how quantum devices can be brought together to form a scalable architecture. In particular, we examine promising silicon-based proposals. We discover that communication of quantum data is a critical resource in such proposals. We find that traditional techniques using quantum SWAP gates are exponentially expensive as distances increase and propose quantum teleportation as a means to communicate data over longer distances on a chip. Furthermore, we find that realistic quantum error-correction circuits use a recursive structure that benefits from using teleportation for long-distance communication. We identify a set of important architectural building blocks necessary for constructing scalable communication and computation. Finally, we explore an actual layout scheme for recursive error correction, and demonstrate the exponential growth in communication costs with levels of recursion, and that teleportation limits those costs.
Application of conformal decomposition finite elements to colloidal suspensions. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
A TPV system with silicon photocells and a selective emitter (2002)

We have realised and investigated a thermophotovoltaic generator which uses silicon photocells and an Yb/sub 2/O/sub 3/ selective emitter. Theoretical calculations show that in principle an electrical output power of several hundred watts can be achieved with such a system using 20 kW thermal input power. We have built a small TPV system base on a camping gas lamp which reached an efficiency of 1.9% and an electrical output power of 25 W. Commercial silicon solar cells which are water cooled are used in this system. The efficiency improvements when using a TCO filter instead of the water filter and optimised silicon photocells are discussed. We show measurements of the optical properties of an optimised ZnO filter and the electrical characteristics of PSI high efficiency photocells. To demonstrate the use of the TPV in a residential heating system, a TPV demonstration system with a thermal input power of 20 kW and 161 W electrical output power was developed.
Influence of Zn2+and Water on the Transport Properties of a Pyrrolidinium Dicyanamide Ionic Liquid (2014)

In order to expand our understanding of a potential zinc-based battery electrolyte, we have characterized the physical and transport properties of the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide ([C4mpyr][dca]) containing various levels of both Zn(2+) and H2O. Detailed measurements of density, viscosity, conductivity, and individual anion and cation diffusion coefficients using pulsed-field-gradient (PFG) NMR combined with NMR chemical shifts and spin-lattice relaxation (T1) NMR experiments provide insights into the motion and chemical environment of all molecular species. We find that the various techniques for probing ion transport and dynamics form a coherent picture as a function of electrolyte composition. Zn(2+) addition causes a moderate reduction in the self-diffusion of the IL anion and cation, whereas the addition of H2O increases ion mobility by increasing the liquid's overall fluidity. Temperature-dependent (13)C T1 experiments of the dca carbon analyzed using Bloembergen-Purcell-Pound fits show monotonic slowing of anion dynamics with Zn(2+) addition, suggesting increased Zn(2+)/dca(-) association. T1 experiments show minimal change in the spin-lattice relaxation of cation or anion upon H2O addition, suggesting that H2O is playing no significant role in Zn(2+) speciation. Finally, we employ a novel electrophoretic NMR technique to directly determine the electrophoretic mobility of the C4mpyr cation, which we discuss in the context of impedance-based conductivity measurements.
New Spiropyrans and Spirooxazines Compounds With one or two Thiophene Nuclei. Applications to Anticopying Protection Materials (1994)

Abstract The strategy of synthesis of new thiophene-substituted spiroheterocyclic photochromic structures, in spiropyran or spirooxazine series is described. The polymerization of thiophene entity give interesting semi-conductor systems. Such molecular materials prevent the reproduction of documents and could be useful in other applications such as fast optical switches.
Cesium-133 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of alkalides and electrides (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCesium-133 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of alkalides and electridesSteven B. Dawes, Ahmed S. Ellaboudy, and James L. DyeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 12, 3508–3513Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00246a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00246a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Phylogenomic Framework for Charting the Diversity and Evolution of Giant Viruses (2021)

Abstract Large DNA viruses of the phylum Nucleocytoviricota have recently emerged as important members of ecosystems around the globe that challenge traditional views of viral complexity. Numerous members of this phylum that cannot be classified within established families have recently been reported, and there is presently a strong need for a robust phylogenomic and taxonomic framework for these viruses. Here we report a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of the Nucleocytoviricota , present a set of giant virus orthologous groups (GVOGs) together with a benchmarked reference phylogeny, and delineate a hierarchical taxonomy within this phylum. We show that the majority of Nucleocytoviricota diversity can be partitioned into 6 orders, 32 families, and 344 genera, substantially expanding the number of currently recognized taxonomic ranks for these viruses. We integrate our results within a megataxonomy that has been adopted for all viruses to establish a unifying framework for the study of Nucleocytoviricota diversity, evolution, and environmental distribution.
Studies of non-conventional configuration closed electron drift thrusters (2001)

In this paper, we review recent results obtained for segmented electrode and cylindrical Hall thrusters. A low sputtering graphite segmented electrode, placed at the exit of the annular thruster, is shown to affect the plasma potential distribution in the ceramic channel. This effect appears to be correlated with an observed plume reduction compared to a conventional, nonsegmented thruster. In preliminary experiments a 3-cm thruster was operated in the 50-200 W power range. Two operating regimes, stable and oscillating, were observed and investigated.
Reactions of elemental phoshorus and phosphine with electrophiles in superbasic systems: XIX. Formation of the C-P bond with participation of elemental phosphorus under microwave assistance (2007)

Microwave irradiation facilitates phosphorylation of aryl methyl chlorides and styrene with red phosphorus in the presence of strong bases and increases the yield of the main products, tertiary phosphine oxides.
Partition-Sorption Model for Describing Non-Specific Selectivity in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography (1992)

Abstract A combined partition-sorption mechanism is used to model the dependence of the non-specific selectivity on mobile phase composition. This dependence is described by an equation, which in addition to additivity terms, contains a term that takes into account the difference in the compositions of solvents in both mobile and stationary phases. It is shown that this term is proportional to the excess sorption isotherm which characterizes interactions of solvents with a chemically bonded phase. An illustrative example is presented using selectivity data for binary hydro-organic eluents on octadecyl bonded phases.
Identification and High Bandwidth Control of Hard Disk Drive Servo Systems Based on Sampled Data Measurements (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> One of the key factors that determines the track density of a hard disk drive (HDD) is the performance characteristics of the HDD servo system, the control system that positions the <emphasis emphasistype="smcaps">read/write</emphasis> magnetic head close to the center of the desired track of the HDD. For most HDD servo systems, the deviation of the position of the magnetic head from the center of the desired track is measured whenever the head passes over sectors, referred to as servo burst sectors that carry prewritten position data. The position error signal (PES) is, therefore, generated at discrete points in time, the rate of which is limited by the number of the prewritten servo burst sectors and the spinning speed of the disk. This limited natural sampling rate puts limitations on how high the bandwidth of the controller can be as well as making it difficult to identify the continuous time modes which occur at frequencies close to or higher than the sampling frequency. In this paper, we first introduce a method for identifying the open-loop continuous-time dynamics of such HDD servo systems by processing the available sampled PES data. The method is based on exciting the system with two orthogonal sinusoids and constructing a linear complex equation that relates the sampled PES points with the unknown values of the transfer function. Then, we design a high bandwidth HDD servo controller with improved performance characteristics. In our control design we employ the “ACORN estimator” that generates estimates of the head position by processing the servo burst and data sector measurements, to provide PES estimates at higher sampling rates during <emphasis emphasistype="smcaps">read</emphasis>. Our control design is tested on an actual disk drive. The effect of the higher sampling rate, generated by the ACORN estimator, on the seek time and steady-state performance is evaluated. While our results show that the use of a higher sampling rate provides some improvement, the presence of varying high frequency resonance modes limits further increase in bandwidth that is now possible due to the higher sampling rate. Consequently, the proposed control scheme is expected to have additional benefits in future generations of disk drives employing dual stage actuators. </para>
Structure and reactions of oxametallacyclobutanes and oxametallacyclobutenes of ruthenium (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and reactions of oxametallacyclobutanes and oxametallacyclobutenes of rutheniumJohn F. Hartwig, Robert G. Bergman, and Richard A. AndersenCite this: Organometallics 1991, 10, 9, 3344–3362Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00055a061https://doi.org/10.1021/om00055a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views622Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts