gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive Video Object Segmentation in the Wild (2017)

In this paper we present our system for human-in-the-loop video object segmentation. The backbone of our system is a method for one-shot video object segmentation. While fast, this method requires an accurate pixel-level segmentation of one (or several) frames as input. As manually annotating such a segmentation is impractical, we propose a deep interactive image segmentation method, that can accurately segment objects with only a handful of clicks. On the GrabCut dataset, our method obtains 90% IOU with just 3.8 clicks on average, setting the new state of the art. Furthermore, as our method iteratively refines an initial segmentation, it can effectively correct frames where the video object segmentation fails, thus allowing users to quickly obtain high quality results even on challenging sequences. Finally, we investigate usage patterns and give insights in how many steps users take to annotate frames, what kind of corrections they provide, etc., thus giving important insights for further improving interactive video segmentation.
Common Variants of the Novel Type 2 Diabetes GenesCDKAL1andHHEX/IDEAre Associated With Decreased Pancreatic β-Cell Function (2007)

CDKAL1 and HHEX/IDE diabetes-associated alleles are associated with decreased pancreatic beta-cell function, including decreased beta-cell glucose sensitivity that relates insulin secretion to plasma glucose concentration. We confirmed the association between the FTO allele and increased adiposity, but none of the other novel susceptibility alleles were associated with whole-body insulin sensitivity.
cyk-1: a C. elegans FH gene required for a late step in embryonic cytokinesis (1998)

A maternally expressed Caenorhabditis elegans gene called cyk-1 is required for polar body extrusion during meiosis and for a late step in cytokinesis during embryonic mitosis. Other microfilament- and microtubule-dependent processes appear normal in cyk-1 mutant embryos, indicating that cyk-1 regulates a specific subset of cytoskeletal functions. Because cytokinesis initiates normally and cleavage furrows ingress extensively in cyk-1 mutant embryos, we propose that the wild-type cyk-1 gene is required for a late step in cytokinesis. Cleavage furrows regress after completion of mitosis in cyk-1 mutants, leaving multiple nuclei in a single cell. Positional cloning and sequence analysis of the cyk-1 gene reveal that it encodes an FH protein, a newly defined family of proteins that appear to interact with the cytoskeleton during cytokinesis and in the regulation of cell polarity. Consistent with cyk-1 function being required for a late step in embryonic cytokinesis, we show that the CYK-1 protein co-localizes with actin microfilaments as a ring at the leading edge of the cleavage furrow, but only after extensive furrow ingression. We discuss our findings in the context of other studies suggesting that FH genes in yeast and insects function early in cytokinesis to assemble a cleavage furrow.
Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering: Focus on Mechanical Constraints. A Comparative Review (2006)

Considering the current techniques in cell culture, the stimulation of cellular proliferation and the formation of bidimensional tissues such as skin are widely performed in academic and industrial research laboratories. However, the formation of cohesive, organized, and functional tissues by three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is complex. A suitable environment is required, which is achieved and maintained in a specific bioreactor, a device that reproduces the physiological environment (including biochemical and mechanical functions) specific to the tissue that is to be regenerated. Bioreactors can also be used to apply mechanical constraints during maturation of the regenerating tissue for studying and understanding the mechanical factors influencing tissue regeneration. In this work, the main types of bioreactors used for tissue engineering and regeneration, as well as their most common applications, were reviewed and compared. The importance of the mechanical properties applied to the scaffolds and the regenerating constructs has been often neglected. This review focused on the influence of mechanical stresses and strains during the culture period that leads to the final mechanical properties of the construct.
A logistic regression model based on inpatient health records to predict drug-induced liver injury caused by ramipril—An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (2022)

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare side effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). Ramipril is a widely used ACE compound because of its effectiveness in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, as well as its low risk of adverse effects. However, the clinical features of ramipril, and the risk of DILI, have not been adequately studied. A retrospective cohort study was performed based on data from 3909 inpatients to compare the risk of DILI conferred by ramipril and other ACEIs. A logistic regression model was then constructed and validated against data from 1686 patients using ramipril, of which 117 patients were diagnosed with DILI. The use of ramipril increased the risk of DILI by 2.68 times (odds ratio = 2.68; 95% confident interval (CI):1.96-3.71) compared with the group using other ACEIs. The clinical features of DILI in the ramipril group were similar to those from the ACEI group (P>0.05), except that the ALT level was higher (P<0.05). A logistic regression model including Body mass index (BMI), comorbidity, liver disease, daily dose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was built and successfully validated for DILI risk prediction, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.752-0.888). We recommend that clinicians should be aware of the levels of ALT and ALP as well as BMI, comorbidities, and liver disease before prescribing ramipril to avoid the risk of DILI in patients.
A displacement approach to decoding algebraic codes (2003)

Algebraic coding theory is one of the areas that routinely gives rise to computational problems involving various structured matrices, such as Hankel, Vandermonde, Cauchy matrices, and certain generalizations thereof. Their structure has often been used to derive efficient algorithms; however, the use of the structure was pattern-specific, without applying a unified technique. In contrast, in several other areas, where structured matrices are also widely encountered, the concept of displacement rank was found to be useful to derive efficient algorithms in a unified manner (i.e., not depending on a particular pattern of structure). The latter technique allows one to compress, in a unified way, different types of n × n structured matrices to only αn parameters. This typically leads to computational savings (in many applications the number α, called the displacement rank, is a small fixed constant).In this paper we demonstrate the power of the displacement structure approach by deriving in a unified way efficient algorithms for a number of decoding problems. We accelerate the Sudan's list decoding algorithm for Reed-Solomon codes, its generalization to algebraic-geometric codes by Shokrollahi and Wasserman, and the improvement of Guruswami and Sudan in the case of Reed-Solomon codes. In particular, we notice that matrices that occur in the context of list decoding have low displacement rank, and use this fact to derive algorithms that use O(n2 l) and O(n7/3 l) operations over the base field for list decoding of Reed-Solomon codes and algebraic-geometric codes from certain plane curves, respectively. Here l denotes the length of the list; assuming that l is constant, this gives algorithms of running time O(n2) and O(n7/3), which is the same as the running time of conventional decoding algorithms. We also present efficient parallel algorithms for the above tasks.To the best of our knowledge this is the first application of the concept of displacement rank to the unified derivation of several decoding algorithms; the technique can be useful in finding efficient and fast methods for solving other decoding problems.
High‐Sensitivity RFID Sensor for Structural Health Monitoring (2023)

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is crucial for ensuring operational safety in applications like pipelines, tanks, aircraft, ships, and vehicles. Traditional embedded sensors have limitations due to expense and potential structural damage. A novel technology using radio frequency identification devices (RFID) offers wireless transmission of highly sensitive strain measurement data. The system features a thin, flexible sensor based on an inductance-capacitance (LC) circuit with a parallel-plate capacitance sensing unit. By incorporating tailored cracks in the capacitor electrodes, the sensor's capacitor electrodes become highly piezoresistive, modifying electromagnetic wave penetration. This unconventional change in capacitance shifts the resonance frequency, resulting in a wireless strain sensor with a gauge factor of 50 for strains under 1%. The frequency shift is passively detected through an external readout system using simple frequency sweeping. This wire-free, power-free design allows easy integration into composites without compromising structural integrity. Experimental results demonstrate the cracked wireless strain sensor's ability to detect small strains within composites. This technology offers a cost-effective, non-destructive solution for accurate structural health monitoring.
Conformality in the Kirkwood–Buff solution theory of statistical mechanics (1987)

The Kirkwood–Buff solution theory of statistical mechanics is examined in the light of the conformal solution approximation of the mixture radial distribution functions. By joining the mixture compressibility equation of the Kirkwood–Buff solution theory with the mixture energy and virial equations of statistical mechanics, a set of density and temperature dependent mixing rules has been developed which are used here to calculate properties of molecular fluids with varying size and interaction energy differences. It is demonstrated that the conformality approximation in the compressibility equation produces mixture results with a deviation, from the exact mixture data, on the opposite side of the predictions of the van der Waals theory of mixtures. The Kirkwood–Buff relation for the composition derivative of the chemical potential is also integrated by combining it with the conformal solution approximation and compared with the simulation data.
Named Entity Recognition with Bidirectional LSTM-CNNs (2016)

Named entity recognition is a challenging task that has traditionally required large amounts of knowledge in the form of feature engineering and lexicons to achieve high performance. In this paper, we present a novel neural network architecture that automatically detects word- and character-level features using a hybrid bidirectional LSTM and CNN architecture, eliminating the need for most feature engineering. We also propose a novel method of encoding partial lexicon matches in neural networks and compare it to existing approaches. Extensive evaluation shows that, given only tokenized text and publicly available word embeddings, our system is competitive on the CoNLL-2003 dataset and surpasses the previously reported state of the art performance on the OntoNotes 5.0 dataset by 2.13 F1 points. By using two lexicons constructed from publicly-available sources, we establish new state of the art performance with an F1 score of 91.62 on CoNLL-2003 and 86.28 on OntoNotes, surpassing systems that employ heavy feature engineering, proprietary lexicons, and rich entity linking information.
Butane 2,3-Bisacetal Protection of Vicinal Diequatorial Diols (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTButane 2,3-Bisacetal Protection of Vicinal Diequatorial DiolsJean-Luc Montchamp, Feng Tian, Matthew E. Hart, and J. W. FrostView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 11, 3897–3899Publication Date (Web):May 31, 1996Publication History Received29 January 1996Published online31 May 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo960170nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo960170nbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3558Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Diols,Hydroxyls,Protective groups,Purification Get e-Alerts
The Molecular Basis of Taste and Its Disorders (1969)

Changes in taste acuity accompany various disease processes and are useful in diagnosis. Lingual lesions may decrease acuity for salt and sweet, maxillary dentures decrease acuity for sour and bitter. Patients with gonadal dysgenesis and pseudohypoparathyroidism also exhibit decreased acuity for sour and bitter. Patients with type I familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome) and many patients treated with D-penicillamine exhibit decreased acuity for each quality, whereas those with untreated adrenal cortical insufficiency exhibit increased detection acuity for each quality. These abnormalities have provided clues for physiological definition of taste localization in man and for reevaluation of the role of taste buds. From these data the taste process was separated into two sets of events, preneural and neural. Mechanisms controlling the preneural or initial events are assumed to regulate the flux of sapid substances (tastants) across the taste bud membrane by changes in the conformation of an hypothesized protein (gatekeeper protein) that lines the holes of the taste bud pore membrane. This control is partly exerted by an equilibrium between thiols and metal ions. Shifting this equilibrium alters the conformation of the gatekeeper protein causing it to open or close, thereby altering taste acuity by altering tastant flux.
Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Bio-oil: A Review (2017)

Despite extensive studies on the steam reforming of model compounds (e.g., ethanol), steam reforming of real bio-oil is a more practical means for H2 production. This review summarizes recent advances made in steam reforming of real bio-oil, with an emphasis on catalyst development for the process. Among the catalysts investigated, Ni is shown to be promising given its high activity for C–C and C–H bond cleavage. It also has the added advantage of a low cost of production. Strategies to improve catalyst performance include the mitigation of carbon deposition, inhibition of methanation, as well as promotion of water gas shift reactions. In addition, a discussion on current understanding of the reaction mechanism and catalyst deactivation is included in this review, with the aim to provide insight into the relationship between catalyst structure and performance that will give direction toward the development of high performance bio-oil steam reforming catalysts.
Signals induced in semiconductor gamma-ray imaging detectors (1999)

The signal induced in a readout circuit connected to a pixel electrode in a semiconductor gamma-ray imaging array is calculated by solving the Laplace equation. Two approaches are presented that use Green functions in solving the boundary value problem: decomposition into basis functions, and construction of an infinite series of image charges. Another approach is developed based on the Ramo–Shockley theorem, which makes use of weighting potentials. These potentials may be readily calculated in three dimensions using a Fourier-transform propagation technique. An analytic solution is found for the special two-dimensional case of a strip detector. Experiments on CdZnTe square-pixel test structures using alpha radiation confirm the expected trends in pulse shape as a function of pixel size. Signals observed simultaneously on adjacent pixels also follow the predicted division of currents. Trends with pixel size are also confirmed in the shape of pulse-height spectra taken using a Tc99m source.
Structure–Activity Relationships of [des-Arg7]Dynorphin A Analogues at the κ Opioid Receptor (2016)

Dynorphin A (Dyn A) is an endogenous ligand for the opioid receptors with preference for the κ opioid receptor (KOR), and its structure-activity relationship (SAR) has been extensively studied at the KOR to develop selective potent agonists and antagonists. Numerous SAR studies have revealed that the Arg<sup>7</sup> residue is essential for KOR activity. In contrast, our systematic SAR studies on [des-Arg<sup>7</sup>]Dyn A analogues found that Arg<sup>7</sup> is not a key residue and even deletion of the residue does not affect biological activities at the KOR. In addition, it was also found that [des-Arg<sup>7</sup>]Dyn A(1-9)-NH<sub>2</sub> is a minimum pharmacophore and its modification at the N-terminus leads to selective KOR antagonists. A lead ligand, 14, with high affinity and antagonist activity showed improved metabolic stability and could block antinociceptive effects of a KOR selective agonist, FE200665, in vivo, indicating high potential to treat KOR mediated disorders such as stress-induced relapse.
Androgen Receptor Regulation by Microtubule‐targeting Chemotherapeutics in Prostate Cancer (2012)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the 2 nd leading cause of cancer related death in N. American males and progression to androgen independence is associated with patient mortality. Castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a consequence of lack of apoptotic response to androgen‐ablation therapy (ADT) and chemotherapy, and the most critical therapeutic endpoint for PCa patients is defying this resistance. The basis for therapeutic failure to ADT is androgen independent activation of AR driving uncontrolled tumor growth. Taxane‐based chemotherapy is the only clinically effective treatment for CRPC via stabilization of microtubules resulting in apoptosis. Recent evidence identified the contribution of microtubules to AR signaling and consequences of their inhibition by taxanes on AR activity in PCa. Human PCa tumors exhibited decreased nuclear AR localization after taxol treatment versus untreated. Impairing AR activity enables a targeting platform for taxane‐based chemotherapy during PCa progression and supports a combination strategy toward an improved therapeutic response. AR variants capable of ligand independent signal may be critical in dictating taxane response. Ongoing work pursues the mechanism of taxane resistance driven by distinct AR variant activity in CRPC. Department of Defense Synergistic Idea Development Award
Empirical Antibiotic Therapy for Gram-Negative Bacilli Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: Observational Study and Pharmacodynamic Assessment (2022)

Background: Strong evidence suggests a correlation between pharmacodynamics (PD) index and antibiotic efficacy while dose adjustment should be considered in critically ill patients due to modified pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and/or higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). This study aimed to assess pharmacodynamic (PD) target attainment considering both antibiotics serum concentrations and measured MICs in these patients. Method: A multicentric prospective open-label trial conducted in 11 French ICUs involved patients with Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) confirmed by quantitative cultures. Results: We included 117 patients. Causative GNBs were P. aeruginosa (40%), Enterobacter spp. (23%), E. coli (20%), and Klebsiella spp. (16%). Hence, 117 (100%) patients received β-lactams, 65 (58%) aminoglycosides, and two (1.5%) fluoroquinolones. For β-lactams, 83% of the patients achieved a Cmin/MIC > 1 and 70% had a Cmin/MIC > 4. In the case of high creatinine clearance (CrCL > 100 mL/min/1.73 m2), 70.4% of the patients achieved a Cmin/MIC ratio > 1 versus 91% otherwise (p = 0.041), and 52% achieved a Cmin/MIC ratio > 4 versus 81% (p = 0.018). For aminoglycosides, 94% of the patients had a Cmax/MIC ratio > 8. Neither β-lactams nor aminoglycosides PK/PD parameters were associated clinical outcomes, but our data suggest a correlation between β-lactams Cmin/MIC and microbiological success. Conclusion: In our ICU patients treated for GNB VAP, using recommended antibiotic dosage led in most cases to PK/PD targets attainment for aminoglycosides and β-lactams. High creatinine clearance should encourage clinicians to focus on PK/PD issues.
Transcriptional co-expression and co-regulation of genes coding for components of the oxidative phosphorylation system (2008)

This study mapped the core promoters of most OXPHOS related genes and provided an example of gene expression regulation based on the final protein arrangement within a linear metabolic pathway.
Inductively heated synthesized graphene with record transistor mobility on oxidized silicon substrates at room temperature (2013)

We report chemical vapor-deposited (CVD) graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) on conventional SiO2/Si substrate with high-performance comparable to GFETs on boron nitride under practical ambient conditions. The fabricated GFET statistics reveal maximum carrier mobility of ∼17 800 cm2/V-s. Intrinsic graphene features such as three-region output characteristics including soft current saturation have also been observed, in addition to over ten-fold gate modulation. Low-temperature studies indicate that impurity scattering is the limiting transport mechanism. Our results on graphene, synthesized by an inductively heated CVD system, suggest that the prospects of GFETs on oxidized silicon are comparable to those on ideal surfaces, e.g., hBN at room temperature.
Statewide Study of Stalking and Its Criminal Justice Response in Rhode Island, 2001-2005 (2014)

The research team collected data from statewide datasets on 268 stalking cases including a population of 108 police identified stalking cases across Rhode Island between 2001 and 2005 with a sample of 160 researcher identified stalking incidents (incidents that met statutory criteria for stalking but were cited by police for other domestic violence offenses) during the same period. The secondary data used for this study came from the Rhode Island Supreme Court Domestic Violence Training and Monitoring Unit's (DVU) statewide database of domestic violence incidents reported to Rhode Island law enforcement. Prior criminal history data were obtained from records of all court cases entered into the automated Rhode Island court file, CourtConnect. The data contain a total of 121 variables including suspect characteristics, victim characteristics, incident characteristics, police response characteristics, and prosecutor response characteristics.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Inhibition of NEDD8-Activating Enzyme Induces Rereplication and Apoptosis in Human Tumor Cells Consistent with Deregulating CDT1 Turnover (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Inhibition of NEDD8-Activating Enzyme Induces Rereplication and Apoptosis in Human Tumor Cells Consistent with Deregulating CDT1 Turnover