gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging and Information Storage Technology (1991)

Part 1: copying processes - office copying, technical copying, microfilms and microfiches imaging in graphic arts - graphic arts photography, basics of the use of light-sensitive nonsilver materials in graphic arts, colour proofing, platemaking imaging for electronics - photoresists, printed circuits (printed circuit boards), microelectronic devices photochemical machining - artwork generation and phototool production, materials, photoresist systems, etching technology, process capability, economic aspects, products. Part 2: Magnetic recording - general, magnetic tape mastering and duplicated tape and disk production, longitudinal magnetic recording materials, perpendicular magnetic recording materials, magnetic bubble domain recording materials, economic aspects of magnetic recording optical recording - general, optical disc mastering and replicated stamper production, read-only optical recording materials, write-once recording materials, reversible optical recording materials, economic aspects of optical recording.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Imidazotriazepines and Their Conversion to 9‐(2‐Ethylaminoethyl)adenine and 9‐(2‐Ethylaminoethyl)hypoxanthine. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The influence of temperature on the fatigue behaviour of bituminous materials for pavement rehabilitation (2015)

The rehabilitation of deteriorated pavements has become one of the main concerns in road engineering. Thus, the development of more resistant bituminous mixtures to be used as surface layers is a priority for the sector. Gap graded bituminous mixtures manufactured with modified binders at high dosages have been used with satisfactory results. Nevertheless, these materials are susceptible to temperature, and their performance is dependent on the climatic conditions. In order to improve the design of these mixtures, this research has focused on a better understanding of their fatigue behaviour as a function of temperature. This study has been conducted at both binder and mixture levels using the EBADE (Ensayo de BArrido de DEformacioes) and University of Granada - Fatigue Asphalt Cracking Test (UGR-FACT) tests, and it involves the analysis of various types of bituminous materials. The results showed that the temperature could play an important role in the success of this type of solution for the rehabilitation of deteriorated roads. It is therefore of interest to take this parameter into account for the effective design of bituminous mixtures.
Decoding Continuous and Discrete Motor Behaviors Using Motor and Premotor Cortical Ensembles (2004)

Decoding motor behavior from neuronal signals has important implications for the development of a brain-machine interface (BMI) but also provides insights into the nature of different movement representations within cortical ensembles. Motor control can be hierarchically characterized as the selection and planning of discrete movement classes and/or postures followed by the execution of continuous limb trajectories. Based on simultaneous recordings in primary motor (MI) and dorsal premotor (PMd) cortices in behaving monkeys, we demonstrate that an MI ensemble can reconstruct hand or joint trajectory more accurately than an equally sized PMd ensemble. In contrast, PMd can more precisely predict the future occurrence of one of several discrete targets to be reached. This double dissociation suggests that a general-purpose BMI could take advantage of multiple cortical areas to control a wider variety of motor actions. These results also support the hierarchical view that MI ensembles are involved in lower-level movement execution, whereas PMd populations represent the early intention to move to visually presented targets.
Optimized Thermal Design for USB-WLAN Module (2005)

With the increasing demands of wireless network, WLAN modules are developed with various kinds of product patterns; USB type among all is popular for portability. In the market, most USB-WLAN products are made in small form factors that advantage to carry and use as daily portable electronic products. However, the compact size of USB-WLAN elevates the junction temperatures of every package in the module that potentially downgrade the reliability of product. This is a severe challenge for package and module designers that drive a necessity to characterize the thermal behavior from package level to module level to ensure the success of product development. A thermal study was therefore considered for an USB-WLAN module having Baseband, RF and PA packages mounted on a PCB. The characterizations for a commercial USB-WLAN module were conducted with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool to cover the following factors: package design of Base-band and PA, power input level, PCB size and PCB design. The selections of Base-band and PA packages with better Theta_JB performance resulted in better thermal dissipation into PCB. Several power density levels were performed to observe the heat transfer interactions among packages. Different designs of PCB Cu layer, thermal via number and distribution were then investigated in module level simulations for package thermal enhancement. Finally a sample of USB-WLAN module was also built to examine the accuracy of modeling with good agreement.
Cd recombination laser in a plasma generated by an electron beam (1986)

Laser action was obtained in the 1.40, 1.43, and 1.65 μm lines of CdI following electron-ion recombination in a plasma generated by an electron beam. Lasing does not occur during the excitation pulse due to the electron impact population of the laser lower levels. In this plasma, supercooling of the electrons is achieved under stationary conditions, and efficient CW recombination laser action might also be possible on lines in which the lower level is not significantly populated by electron collisions. Seven new infrared laser lines in CdII are also reported.
Image reconstruction for thin observation module by bound optics by using the iterative backprojection method (2006)

A method for reconstructing high-spatial-resolution images in an imaging system known as thin observation module by bound optics (TOMBO) is reported. We investigate a novel procedure combining a pixel-rearrangement method and iterative backprojection (IBP). Pixel rearrangement has been used until now in TOMBO, and IBP is a digital superresolution technique. We verify the effectiveness of the combined procedure with simulated and experimental results.
An Improved Method of Discrete Point Cloud Filtering based on Complex Environment (2013)

Under keep the geometrical characteristics of point cloud, efficient processing of the original point cloud data of noise and outliers can greatly improve the search efficiency. A filtering algorithm is proposed to improve existing methods. Firstly, 3D voxel grid is created for the massive point cloud data approximating other points inside the voxel with the centroid of all points; then, the neighborhood of discrete points is analyzed statistically, calculating average distance of every point to its neighboring points and filtering the outliers outside the reference ranges of average distance from the data set; finally, the segmentation rules are improved according to the characteristics of KD-Tree. A large amount of experimental results show that this stable and reliable algorithm can compress and filter the point cloud data quickly and effectively. At the same time, it greatly accelerates the search speed.
Delayed Acknowledgments Suppression: Problem Statement, Requirements and Analysis of Potential Solutions (2020)

Delayed Acknowledgments (ACKs) allow reducing protocol overhead in
many scenarios. However, in some cases, Delayed ACKs may significantly
degrade network and device performance in terms of link utilization,
latency, memory usage and/or energy consumption. This document
presents the problem statement regarding Delayed ACKs suppression. The
document discusses the scenarios and use cases in which Delayed ACKs
suppression offers advantages. Then, requirements for a potential
solution are derived. Finally, a number of potential solutions are
discussed, based on the requirements, and also considering pros and
cons in each case.
EP18.14: Estimated fetal weight: comparison between weight estimate based on the symphysis‐fundus height measurement and weight estimate based on ultrasound measurements (2019)

To evaluate the accuracy for neonatal weight prediction at birth of ultrasound estimated fetal weight (EFW) and of weight estimate based on symphysis-fundus height (SFH) measurement. Data from 100 single consecutive pregnancies were prospectively evaluated. The standard deviation score (SDS) was calculated on an Italian specific curve and adjusted for gestational age, parity and fetal/neonatal sex. We considered neonatal weight and the following EFWs: Hadlock, Scioscia, Woo, Shepard, Jordaan, Shinozuka, Combs and Johnson. Estimated ultrasound weight was made at an average gestational age of 37.06 weeks (± 0.76) while delivery occurred at an average of 39.32 weeks (± 1.05). Among the the Hadlock formulas the one considering BPD, AC, HC and FL was the more accurate. In addition, Hadlock, Scioscia, Shepard and Combs formulas performed better than others. The Johnson formula shows a significant overestimation of SDS (0.813 (IC al 95% 0.639 - 0.986) p < 0.05). The most predictive formulas for SGA were Hadlock and Shepard. While, considering LGA prediction the most predictive is Johnson (AUC 84.66% CI 95% 79.81% -89.5%) (with a significantly higher AUC than Scioscia (58.55% CI 95% 38.85% -78.25%) and greater than Combs (67.61% CI at 95% 49.61% -85.61%) p = 0.072) followed by Hadlock (77.27% CI 95% 59.12% -95.43%). Our data shows that EFW based of symphysis-fundus height measurement shows a a significant overestimation of EFW with a reduced accuracy to predict SGA, while is the best predictig formula for LGA fetuses. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Gas chromatographic determination of propionic acid in bread and cake. (1981)

A simple and accurate method is presented for gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) determination of propionic acid in bakery products. Propionic acid is extracted with a mixture of dichloromethane and formic acid to which isobutyric acid has been added as an internal standard. The extract is injected directly into the GLC system. A glass column packed with 5% SP-1000 is used. The simplicity and convenience of the method make it suitable for routine determination.
Mikrofluidisches Microarray für die Einzelzellanalyse (2020)

Zusammenfassung In diesem Artikel stellen wir die Entwicklung eines mikrofluidischen Microarray zum Immobilisieren und Analysieren einzelner Zellen vor. Das System besteht aus einem Hybridchip aus Polydimethylsiloxan und Glas mit einem mikrofluidischen Kanalnetz, welches mit hydrodynamischen Fallen ausgestattet ist. Der Mikrofluidik-Chip wurde mit MEMS-Technologie hergestellt und anschließend durch experimentelle Strömungsvisualisierung mit fluoreszierenden Partikeln charakterisiert. Die Fähigkeit zum Einfangen einzelner Zellen und die Performance des Systems werden mit zwei verschiedenen Zelltypen demonstriert und die Leistung für toxikologische Studien bewertet. Das entwickelte System konnte erfolgreich zum Einfangen, Aufrechterhalten und zum toxikologischen Screening einzelner Zellen eingesetzt werden, wobei ein Experiment nur wenige Stunden (&lt; 3 h) in Anspruch nimmt.
Epoxide Functional Temperature‐Sensitive Semi‐IPN Hydrogel Microspheres for Isolating Inorganic Nanoparticles (2016)

ABSTRACT In this investigation, epoxide (oxirane), a cyclic ether with a three‐atom ring, functional semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) hydrogel microspheres composed of temperature‐sensitive poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide‐ N,N ‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide) (P(NIPAM‐MBAAm)) and P(NIPAM‐glycidyl methacrylate) (P(NIPAM‐GMA)) are prepared. We called these microspheres as P(NIPAM‐MBAAm)/P(NIPAM‐GMA). The microspheres exhibited temperature‐sensitive volume phase transition at a temperature range of 33–35°C. The chemical bonding of anticancer drugs with the epoxide ring increased the absorption capacity but their release is affected, as the temperature is decreased below the volume phase transition, studied under an in vitro condition suitable for application in the treatment of cancer cells. The epoxide functionality of semi‐IPN hydrogel microspheres is also utilized to isolate inorganic nanoparticles, using Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles as an example, simply by blending the hydrogel and magnetic (Fe 3 O 4 ) dispersions. The presence of strained oxirane ring derived from GMA segment induced high affinity for semi‐IPN hydrogel microspheres toward magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and eventually reduced the colloidal stability.
Full-Scale Chamber Investigation and Simulation of Air Freshener Emissions in the Presence of Ozone (2004)

Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from one electrical plug-in type of pine-scented air freshener and their reactions with O3 were investigated in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency indoor air research large chamber facility. Ozone was generated from a device marketed as an ozone generator air cleaner. Ozone and oxides of nitrogen concentrations and chamber conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, pressure, and air exchange rate were controlled and/or monitored. VOC emissions and some of the reaction products were identified and quantified. Source emission models were developed to predict the time/concentration profiles of the major VOCs (limonene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, 3-carene, camphene, benzyl propionate, benzyl alcohol, bornyl acetate, isobornyl acetate, and benzaldehyde) emitted bythe air freshener. Gas-phase reactions of VOCs from the air freshener with O3 were simulated by a photochemical kinetics simulation system using VOC reaction mechanisms and rate constants adopted from the literature. The concentration-time predictions were in good agreement with the data for O3 and VOCs emitted from the air freshener and with some of the primary reaction products. Systematic differences between the predictions and the experimental results were found for some species. Poor understanding of secondary reactions and heterogeneous chemistry in the chamber is the likely cause of these differences. The method has the potential to provide data to predict the impact of O3/VOC interactions on indoor air quality.
Sulfur Sources for Hydrogen Sulfide Production in Biofilms from Sewer Systems (1991)

The relative significance of different inorganic and organic sulfur compounds on the sulfide production in anaerobic biofilms grown on domestic wastewater was investigated. The objective was to improve the understanding of microbial processes in dynamic systems and to evaluate the equations used to predict sulfide formation in pressure mains. Biofilms originally grown on domestic wastewater with sulfate as the only electron acceptor were also able to reduce sulfite and thiosulfate. The bacteria preferred thiosulfate to sulfate if both were present and the sulfide production rates increased with a factor of 1.5. Disproportionation of thiosulfate to equal amounts of sulfide and sulfate was demonstrated to take place in the biofilms but only at low concentrations of organic substrates. Some sulfide production from the organic sulfur compounds cysteine and methionine was observed. The rates were, however, insignificant compared to sulfide production from sulfate reduction in wastewater. Biofilm activity measured as the zero order volume constant (kof) was around 0.18 mg SO4-S cm−3 h−1 at 20 °C. If the biofilms were grown on domestic wastewater enriched with sulfite or thiosulfate, kof increased around two times. The sulfide production rate from both sulfite and thiosulfate was found to be considerably higher than the rate from sulfate in these biofilms. The results were modeled using biofilm kinetics which showed that the presence of sulfite or thiosulfate in the wastewater strongly affected the potential sulfide production and could in some cases be a limiting compound besides organic matter. Knowledge about the presence of sulfur compounds other than sulfate in wastewater, e.g. from industrial sources, may therefore be very important to forecast sulfide buildup in sewer systems.
Silver Nanoparticle Arrays Prepared by In Situ Automatic Reduction of Silver Ions in Mussel‐Inspired Block Copolymer Films (2016)

Block copolymer phase separation has been employed to form templates for the fabrication of nanoscale patterns of metals due to their characteristic size scales that range from several nanometers to tens of nanometers. In the present work, poly(vinyl catechol‐ block ‐styrene) PVCa‐ b ‐PSt synthesized with various compositions forms unique microphase‐separated structures. Silver nanoparticles are spontaneously formed inside of the PVCa phases due to the reductive properties of the catechol moieties. The alignment and formation of silver nanoparticle arrays is successfully achieved without the need for high‐temperature thermal treatment or chemical reduction processes. The present system can be applied to the formation of nanoparticle arrays with a wide variety of metals by control of their arrangement. image
To Be or Not to Be: Analyzing & Modeling Social Recommendation in Online Social Networks (2019)

Firms are now considering to offer rewards to customers who recommend the firms' products/services in online social networks (OSN). However, the pros and cons of such social recommendation scheme are still unclear. Thus, it is difficult for firms to design rewarding schemes. Via empirical analysis of data, we first identify key factors that affect the spreading of a firm's product in OSNs. These findings enable us to develop an accurate (i.e., with a high validation accuracy) mathematical model on social recommendations. In particular, our model captures how users decide whether to recommend an item, which is a key factor but often ignored by previous social recommendation models such as the "Independent Cascade model". We also design algorithms to infer model parameters. Using these parameters in our model, we uncover conditions when social recommendation can (or cannot) improves a firm's profit. These conditions help a firm to design rewarding schemes. Finally, we extend our model to an online setting and design reinforcement learning algorithms for a firm to dynamically optimize its rewarding schemes.
Speckle reduction in laser projections with ultrasonic waves (2000)

In laser front projection display, the observer in the far field of the image pixels on the screen will observe serious speckle noise. For the first time we show a way to eliminate speckles in the far field by modulating a laser beam with traveling ultrasonic waves in a liquid cell. The resulting running interference fringes in a pixel on the screen will produce a boiling speckle pattern, which will be time-averaged in the eye of the observer. By superposition of ultrasonic waves of different frequencies, the speckle contrast can be reduced even further. We optimized the modulation frequencies, as well as the scattering properties of different screen materials. The intensity modulation depth of the speckle pattern could be reduced to a few percent without noticeable influence on the beam quality.
The MIT Vision Chip Project: analog VLSI systems for fast image acquisition and early vision processing (2002)

The goal of the MIT Vision Chip Project is to design and build prototype analog early vision systems that are remarkably low-power, small, and fast. The typical system will perform one or more computation-intensive image-processing tasks at hundreds to thousands of frames per second using only tens to hundreds of milliwatts. The entire system with lens, imager, power supply and support circuitry can fit inside a cigar box. The authors briefly outline the overall project and describe two tested chips in some detail. Particular attention is given to a fast imager and processor chip for object position and orientation, and to an integrated ccd (charge-coupled device) imager and processors for edge detection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multiple N‐acetyl neuraminic acid synthetase (neuB) genes in Campylobacter jejuni: identification and characterization of the gene involved in sialylation of lipo‐oligosaccharide (2000)

N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) is a common constituent of Campylobacter jejuni lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS). Such structures often mimic human gangliosides and are thought to be involved in the triggering of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS) following C. jejuni infection. Analysis of the C. jejuni NCTC 11168 genome sequence identified three putative NANA synthetase genes termed neuB1, neuB2 and neuB3. The NANA synthetase activity of all three C. jejuni neuB gene products was confirmed by complementation experiments in an Escherichia coli neuB-deficient strain. Isogenic mutants were created in all three neuB genes, and for one such mutant (neuB1) LOS was shown to have increased mobility. C. jejuni NCTC 11168 wild-type LOS bound cholera toxin, indicating the presence of NANA in a LOS structure mimicking the ganglioside GM1. This property was lost in the neuB1 mutant. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry analysis of LOS from wild-type and the neuB1 mutant strain demonstrated the lack of NANA in the latter. Expression of the neuB1 gene in E. coli confirmed that NeuB1 was capable of in vitro NANA biosynthesis through condensation of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. Southern analysis demonstrated that the neuB1 gene was confined to strains of C. jejuni with LOS containing a single NANA residue. Mutagenesis of neuB2 and neuB3 did not affect LOS, but neuB3 mutants were aflagellate and non-motile. No phenotype was evident for neuB2 mutants in strain NCTC 11168, but for strain G1 the flagellin protein from the neuB2 mutant showed an apparent reduction in molecular size relative to the wild type. Thus, the neuB genes of C. jejuni appear to be involved in the biosynthesis of at least two distinct surface structures: LOS and flagella.
Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements for studying molecular interactions: interaction of a calcium-binding probe with proteins (1996)

The binding of 2-[(2-bis-[carboxymethyl]amino-5-methylphenoxy)-methyl] 6-methoxy-8-bis[carboxymethyl] aminoquinoline, the fluorescent calcium probe Quin2, to serum albumin and several other proteins has been investigated. Changes in fluorescence emission spectra and fluorescence anisotropy revealed interactions between Quin2 and several proteins including human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin, aldolase, phosphoglucose isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase. Protein-probe interactions were inhibited by the presence of calcium. Binding was also measured by resonance energy transfer and gel permeation chromatography. Equilibrium binding constants for Quin2 were quantitated by the application of the recently-developed "SPECTRABIND' program to spectroscopic data (D. Toptygin and L. Brand, Anal. Biochem., 224 (1995) 330-338). Binding of Quin2 to human serum albumin is discussed in terms of the published X-ray crystal structure of human serum albumin (X.M. He and D.C. Carter, Nature, 358 (1992) 209-215).