gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complete Dissociation of Motor Neuron Death from Motor Dysfunction by Bax Deletion in a Mouse Model of ALS (2006)

The death of cranial and spinal motoneurons (MNs) is believed to be an essential component of the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We tested this hypothesis by crossing Bax-deficient mice with mice expressing mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a transgenic model of familial ALS. Although Bax deletion failed to prevent neuromuscular denervation and mitochondrial vacuolization, MNs were completely rescued from mutant SOD1-mediated death. However, Bax deficiency extended lifespan and delayed the onset of motor dysfunction of SOD1 mutants, suggesting that Bax acts via a mechanism distinct from cell death activation. Consistent with this idea, Bax elimination delayed the onset of neuromuscular denervation, which began long before the activation of cell death proteins in SOD1 mutants. Additionally, we show that denervation preceded accumulation of mutant SOD1 within MNs and astrogliosis in the spinal cord, which are also both delayed in Bax-deficient SOD1 mutants. Interestingly, MNs exhibited mitochondrial abnormalities at the innervated neuromuscular junction at the onset of neuromuscular denervation. Additionally, both MN presynaptic terminals and terminal Schwann cells expressed high levels of mutant SOD1 before MNs withdrew their axons. Together, these data support the idea that clinical symptoms in the SOD1 G93A model of ALS result specifically from damage to the distal motor axon and not from activation of the death pathway, and cast doubt on the utility of anti-apoptotic therapies to combat ALS. Furthermore, they suggest a novel, cell death-independent role for Bax in facilitating mutant SOD1-mediated motor denervation.
CogWnet: A Resource Management Architecture for Cognitive Wireless Networks (2013)

With the increasing adoption of wireless communication technologies, there is a need to improve management of existing radio resources. Cognitive radio is a promising technology to improve the utilization of wireless spectrum. Its operating principle is based on building an integrated hardware and software architecture that configures the radio to meet application requirements within the constraints of spectrum policy regulations. However, such an architecture must be able to cope with radio environment heterogeneity. In this paper, we propose a cognitive resource management architecture, called CogWnet, that allocates channels, re-configures radio transmission parameters to meet QoS requirements, ensures reliability, and mitigates interference. The architecture consists of three main layers: Communication Layer, which includes generic interfaces to facilitate the communication between the cognitive architecture and TCP/IP stack layers; Decision-Making Layer, which classifies the stack layers input parameters and runs decision-making optimization algorithms to output optimal transmission parameters; and Policy Layer to enforce policy regulations on the selected part of the spectrum. The efficiency of CogWnet is demonstrated through a testbed implementation and evaluation.
ChemInform Abstract: IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF 2‐DEOXY‐2‐FLUORO‐D‐GLUCOSE USING FLUORIDE ION (1985)

Abstract Wegen der wachsenden Bedeutung von ′8 F‐markierter Z‐Deoxy‐2‐tluoro‐D‐glucose (V) für Hirnstoffwechseluntersuchuxigenam Menschen wird eine verbesserte Synthese fur (V) auf der Basis des Trifluormethansulfonyl‐β‐D‐mannopyranosids (Ia) ausgearbeitet.
‘Costa da Morte’ ataxia is spinocerebellar ataxia 36: clinical and genetic characterization (2012)

Spinocerebellar ataxia 36 has been recently described in Japanese families as a new type of spinocerebellar ataxia with motor neuron signs. It is caused by a GGCCTG repeat expansion in intron 1 of NOP56. Family interview and document research allowed us to reconstruct two extensive, multigenerational kindreds stemming from the same village (Costa da Morte in Galicia, Spain), in the 17th century. We found the presence of the spinocerebellar ataxia 36 mutation co-segregating with disease in these families in whom we had previously identified an ~0.8 Mb linkage region to chromosome 20 p. Subsequent screening revealed the NOP56 expansion in eight additional Galician ataxia kindreds. While normal alleles contain 5-14 hexanucleotide repeats, expanded alleles range from ~650 to 2500 repeats, within a shared haplotype. Further expansion of repeat size was frequent, especially upon paternal transmission, while instances of allele contraction were observed in maternal transmissions. We found a total of 63 individuals carrying the mutation, 44 of whom were confirmed to be clinically affected; over 400 people are at risk. We describe here the detailed clinical picture, consisting of a late-onset, slowly progressive cerebellar syndrome with variable eye movement abnormalities and sensorineural hearing loss. There were signs of denervation in the tongue, as well as mild pyramidal signs, but otherwise no signs of classical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were consistent with the clinical course, showing atrophy of the cerebellar vermis in initial stages, later evolving to a pattern of olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy. We estimated the origin of the founder mutation in Galicia to have occurred ~1275 years ago. Out of 160 Galician families with spinocerebellar ataxia, 10 (6.3%) were found to have spinocerebellar ataxia 36, while 15 (9.4%) showed other of the routinely tested dominant spinocerebellar ataxia types. Spinocerebellar ataxia 36 is thus, so far, the most frequent dominant spinocerebellar ataxia in this region, which may have implications for American countries associated with traditional Spanish emigration.
Distinct amyloid-β and tau-associated microglia profiles in Alzheimer’s disease (2021)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and is characterized by abnormal extracellular aggregates of amyloid-β and intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated tau tangles and neuropil threads. Microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), are important for CNS homeostasis and implicated in AD pathology. In amyloid mouse models, a phagocytic/activated microglia phenotype has been identified. How increasing levels of amyloid-β and tau pathology affect human microglia transcriptional profiles is unknown. Here, we performed snRNAseq on 482,472 nuclei from non-demented control brains and AD brains containing only amyloid-β plaques or both amyloid-β plaques and tau pathology. Within the microglia population, distinct expression profiles were identified of which two were AD pathology-associated. The phagocytic/activated AD1-microglia population abundance strongly correlated with tissue amyloid-β load and localized to amyloid-β plaques. The AD2-microglia abundance strongly correlated with tissue phospho-tau load and these microglia were more abundant in samples with overt tau pathology. This full characterization of human disease-associated microglia phenotypes provides new insights in the pathophysiological role of microglia in AD and offers new targets for microglia-state-specific therapeutic strategies.
Programming and Simulating Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) CNC Machines (2013)

Most users of Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) machinery use off-line Numerically Controlled (NC) programming software supplied by the machine builder. This machine builder-supplied software only works with their specific machine, forcing manufacturers to implement multiple off-line NC programming products when using multiple brands or vintages of machines. The more mature CNC metal-cutting industry started the same way, but has now evolved into a clear separation and cooperation between independent software and machine suppliers. This has freed the end-user company to select the best machine for the job, while using one universal software application to create NC programs for a variety of machine brands or vintage. When combined with composite design software tools that specifically take into account AFP manufacturing requirements early in the product development cycle, engineering and manufacturing specifications are seamlessly transferred to the manufacturing process. This paper discusses the implementation and use of machine-independent off-line NC programming software as it applies to CNC fiber placement machines.
Evaluation of the protective effect of PE/PPE immunization against <i>Mtb</i> infection. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;A) Immunization regimen with PE/PPE-derived peptides. C57BL/6 mice (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 6 per group) were injected with PBS or vaccinated twice s.c. at 10-days interval with individual or mixtures of selected PE/PPE-derived peptides, formulated in CpG(DOTAP). Peptide-immunized mice were boosted with the same individual or mixted PE/PPE peptides, formulated in CpG(DOTAP), via i.n. route at day 30. B) Expression of T-cell activation/migration/differentiation markers by the lung CD3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells in PE/PPE-immunized or the control mice, as studied &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; at day 40. See furthermore &lt;a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005770#ppat.1005770.s009" target="_blank"&gt;S8A Fig&lt;/a&gt;. C-D) Protective potential of such immunization against an aerosol challenge with virulent &lt;i&gt;Mtb&lt;/i&gt;. Mice were immunized according to (A) with PE/PPE peptide mixtures of (i) &lt;i&gt;esx-5&lt;/i&gt;-specific epitopes (PE19:1–18, PPE25:281–295 and PPE25:236–255 peptides), or (ii) shared epitopes (PE19:34–51, PPE25:1–20 and PPE25:201–215 peptides). They were then challenged at day 40 via aerosol route with ≈ 200 CFU/mouse of &lt;i&gt;Mtb&lt;/i&gt; H37Rv WT strain. One month post-challenge, the mycobacterial loads were determined in the lungs (C) and spleen (D) of individual mice. NS = not significant, *, **, ***, **** = statistically significant, as determined by One Way ANOVA test with Tukey’s correction for multiple comparisons, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.005, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001 or &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.0001, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
Ex Vivo and In Vitro Determination of the Axial Rotational Axis of the Human Thoracic Spine (2006)

After evaluating the results, we determined that the most likely place for the rotational axis is on the median-sagittal plane, in the anterior portion of the spinal canal.
Motor Imagery in Physical Therapist Practice (2007)

Motor imagery is the mental representation of movement without any body movement. Abundant evidence on the positive effects of motor imagery practice on motor performance and learning in athletes, people who are healthy, and people with neurological conditions (eg, stroke, spinal cord injury, Parkinson disease) has been published. The purpose of this update is to synthesize the relevant literature about motor imagery in order to facilitate its integration into physical therapist practice. This update also will discuss visual and kinesthetic motor imagery, factors that modify motor imagery practice, the design of motor imagery protocols, and potential applications of motor imagery.
Spectral Detection in the Censored Block Model (2015)

We consider the problem of partially recovering hidden binary variables from the observation of (few) censored edge weights, a problem with applications in community detection, correlation clustering and synchronization. We describe two spectral algorithms for this task based on the non-backtracking and the Bethe Hessian operators. These algorithms are shown to be asymptotically optimal for the partial recovery problem, in that they detect the hidden assignment as soon as it is information theoretically possible to do so.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Optically Active α-Hydroxy Ketones and anti-1,2-Diols via Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Unsymmetrically Substituted 1,2-Diketones (2000)

[reaction: see text] A well-defined chiral Ru catalyst RuCl(N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-1, 2-diphenylethylenediamine)(eta(6)-arene) effectively promotes asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of 1-aryl-1,2-propanedione with HCOOH/N(C(2)H(5))(3), leading preferentially to optically active 1-aryl-2-hydroxy-1-propanone with up to 99% ee and 89% yield at 10 degrees C. The reaction at 40 degrees C gives anti-1-aryl-1, 2-propanediol with up to 95% ee and 78% yield. This is a highly efficient procedure for the synthesis of optically active anti-diols.
Potential Pitfalls in the Frozen Section Evaluation of Parenchymal Margins in Nephron-Sparing Surgery (2002)

With advances in radiographic imaging, there has been an increase in the incidental detection of small renal cell carcinomas, with a resultant increase in partial nephrectomies for these tumors. Partial nephrectomy often necessitates assessment of renal parenchymal margins by frozen section. To determine the most common problematic "lesions" encountered on renal parenchymal margins, we evaluated all diagnostically challenging frozen sections that had been referred to a genitourinary pathologist. Frozen sections with detached atypical cells and crushed tubules were the most common lesions that presented diagnostic uncertainty. We found that normal constituents of renal parenchyma, namely tubules and glomeruli, can be mistaken for neoplasia. Neoplastic tubules of low-grade renal cell carcinomas may be misinterpreted as thickly cut, crushed benign tubules, and the significance of tubulopapillary "adenomas" in frozen sections is unclear. The present report highlights diagnostic difficulties that pathologists may encounter on frozen sections of renal parenchymal margins.
Effect of fenpropimorph and imazalil on sterol biosynthesis in penicillium italicum (1984)

Abstract Fenpropimorph was found to be highly active against Penicillium italicum (EC 50 0.01/μg ml −1 ). Conidia of P. italicum, treated with low concentrations of fenpropimorph, swelled in size and showed distorted germ tubes. During the initial stages of mycelial growth, fenpropimorph had little or no effect on the dry weight increase, which became strongly inhibited within 24 h after addition of the toxicant (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 μg ml −1 ). Irregular deposition of β–1,3 and β–1, 4 polysaccharides, probably chitin, was observed after treatment with fenpropimorph or imazalil. Fenpropimorph (0.05 and 0.2 μ ml −1 ) caused the accumulation of a major demethyl‐sterol that was different from ergosterol. It was identified as ergosta‐8, 14, 24(28)‐trien‐3β‐ol by mass, infrared, ultraviolet and proton nuclear magnetic resonance, spectrometric procedures. At both concentrations, the accumulation was already detected after incubation for 2 h. In contrast, imazalil (0.1 μg ml −1 ) caused the accumulation of several methyl‐ and dimethyl‐sterols which were tentatively identified as eburicol (24‐methylene‐24, 25‐dihydrolanosterol), 4, 14α‐dimethylergosta‐8, 24(28)‐dien‐3‐one, 14α‐methylergosta‐8, 24(28)‐dien‐3‐one and obtusifoliol (4, 14α‐dimethylergosta‐8, 24(28)‐dien‐3α‐ol). The accumulation of ergosta‐8, 14,24(28)‐trien‐3β‐ol indicates inhibition of the Δ 14 ‐reductase in P. italicum in a similar manner to that found previously in Ustilago maydis.
Equivalent circuit models of finite slot antennas (2019)

We propose a systematic approach to describe pla- nar slot antennas, embedded in generic stratified media. An equivalent transmission line model for the slot is proposed, based on a spectral domain analysis. First, we introduce a method of moments solution to model semi-infinite or finite slots, fed by a delta-gap excitation. The solution entails only two basis functions, one located at the feed and the other at the terminations. The latter basis function is chosen to properly account for the field diffractive behavior at the antenna end points. An approximate circuit model is then introduced, which describes the main mode propagating along the slot as an equivalent transmission line. Lumped impedances are extracted to accurately describe the source and the end points: the reactances account for the reactive nature of the feed and the termination, while the resistances represent the radiated space waves, emerging from both the feed and the end points. This procedure can be used to derive the input impedance of planar antennas with arbitrary length in generic layered media or the interaction between multiple feeds within the same slot.
Binding of hapten to a single-chain catalytic antibody demonstrated by electrospray mass spectrometry (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinding of hapten to a single-chain catalytic antibody demonstrated by electrospray mass spectrometryGary Siuzdak, Joseph F. Krebs, Stephen J. Benkovic, and H. Jane DysonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 17, 7937–7938Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00096a077https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00096a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design and Evaluation of a Flexible-Bandwidth OFDM-Based Intra-Data Center Interconnect (2012)

Data center networks are facing growing challenges to deliver higher bandwidth efficiency, lower latency, better flexibility, and lower cost. Various optical interconnect schemes have been proposed to take advantage of the high bandwidth capacity and low power consumption offered by optical switching. However, these schemes cannot offer flexible bandwidth sharing due to the large granularity in optical circuit switching, and they require costly optical components. In this paper, we introduce a novel data center network architecture based on cyclic arrayed waveguide grating device and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology with parallel signal detection (PSD). This architecture offers flexible bandwidth resource sharing at fine granularity. Other features include high-speed switching, low and uniform latency, and the ability to change the data rates dynamically. By eliminating costly optical components and keeping the core optical router passive and static, the power consumption, hardware cost, and operation cost are reduced. The fine granularity bandwidth sharing and MIMO switching through PSD are verified experimentally. We also propose and evaluate efficient subcarrier allocation schemes to achieve high bandwidth utilization. Finally, we present the implementation of an efficient scheduler for the bandwidth allocation of the proposed scheme.
Prognostic Value of Gene Signatures and Tumorbiological Characteristics in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Anthracycline-containing Chemotherapy (2008)

Background: Many prognostic and predictive multigene signatures have been established in breast cancer patients. For treatment decision the assessment of individual prognosis is essential. The choice of specific therapy is basically driven by empirical data although several predictive gene signatures already exist. In this context it would be valuable if specific signatures could be used for estimation of prognosis and prediction of therapy concurrently. Material and Methods: Microarray data (Affymetrix HG U133A) of a small samples set of n = 48 breast cancer patients who received an anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed. Tumor samples were classified according to four prognostic and two predictive previously described gene signatures and compared with standard parameters as histologic subtype, tumor size, nodal status, pathohistological grading as well as estrogen receptor and Her-2 status. Results: The gene expression values of ER, PR and Her-2 from microarray revealed a high concordance with protein expression assessed by means of immunohistochemistry. The determination of proliferative state of the tumors using gene expression of Ki67 showed a significant correlation with ER-status (p = 0.040, Mann-Whitney U-test) and pathohistological grading (p = 0.005, Kruskal-Wallis test). Neither of the six different signatures was able to predict event status of patients sufficiently. The main discriminatory power of the signatures was related to the ER status and to some extent to pathohistological grading. Conclusion: In a small cohort of uniformly treated patients prognostic and predictive gene signatures are incapable to predict disease outcome unambiguously. The main driving force of all signatures are ER-status and proliferation. The value of the individual signatures may be restricted to the specific setting from which they were derived.
Clinical Outcomes Before and After Complete Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Scaffold Resorption (2019)

URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01751906.
Working station for emptying Kryo-boxes (2000)

Ragn-Sells Specialavfall AB in Halmstad run operations within the area of chemical waste products. 

One take care of all materials from paint tins, aerosols and oil filters to be recycled by the u ...
Reactive Magnetron Sputter Deposition of Copper on TiO2 Support for Photoreduction of CO2 to CH4 (2019)

Abstract In this work, nanocrystalline Cu/TiO2 catalysts have been synthesized by using pulsed direct current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering of Cu targets in an Ar atmosphere onto P25-TiO 2 support. The oscillating bowl was used to make the uniform coating on the substrate. The Cu doping content was varied by adjusting the coating time. The thus-obtained catalysts were characterized by using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The photocatalytic activities of all catalysts were studied via the photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 and H 2 O to CH 4 under UV irradiation, and compared with the pure TiO 2 support and conventional-impregnation-made Cu/TiO 2 . The results showed that the photocatalytic performance of sputtering-made Cu/TiO 2 catalyst was much better than the pure TiO 2 support. Therefore, reactive magnetron sputtering was a promising technique for deposition of metal onto the support and use as the catalytic process.