gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Regioselective Synthesis of 3,4-Disubstituted 1H-Pyrrole,1 (2000)

A highly regioselective method for the synthesis of 3, 4-disubstituted 1H-pyrroles has been developed employing the ipso-directing property of a trimethylsilyl group. As a key starting material in this study, the known 3,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1H-pyrrole (3), was protected with carefully chosen groups, namely tert-butoxycarbonyl, N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl, p-toluenesulfonyl, and triisopropylsilyl. A highly regioselective monoiodination of these 1-protected pyrroles was achieved by reaction with iodine-silver trifluoroacetate at low temperatures. Subsequent palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions afforded 1-protected-4-substituted 3-trimethylsilyl-1H-pyrroles, which again underwent further room-temperature ipso-iodination and palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions to provide symmetrical and unsymmetrical 1-protected-3,4-disubstituted 1H-pyrroles. Deprotection of 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) and 1-(N, N-dimethylaminosulfonyl) groups was found to be nontrivial. The 1-(p-toluenesulfonyl) protecting group was eventually proved to be superior to other protection groups, because it was readily removed after stepwise ipso monoiodinations and palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.
The potential of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) as a therapeutic target for tackling pancreatic cancer (2019)

KEYWORDS: CancerchemotherapyDRD2drug-repositioninghaloperidolpimozidepancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Anchor Peptide-Mediated Surface Immobilization of a Grubbs-Hoveyda-Type Catalyst for Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2019)

Adhesion promoting peptides have been reported to enable efficient enzyme immobilization on various material surfaces. Here we report the first immobilization of a synthetic Grubbs-Hoveyda (GH) type catalyst on two different materials (silica and polypropylene). To this end, the GH catalyst was coupled to an engineered (F16C) variant of the adhesion promoting peptide LCI through thiol-maleimide "click" reaction. Immobilization was performed in an oriented manner through the adhesion promoting peptide by simple incubation with the materials in water and subsequent washing with water and tetrahydrofuran. The immobilized GH catalyst was probed in ring-opening metathesis polymerization of a norbornene derivative to alter the surface properties in a layer-by-layer fashion.
A Proposed Phonography-Based Measurement of Fetal Breathing Movement Using Segmented Structures with Frequency Splitting (2020)

This paper proposes a detection method of fetal breathing movement (FBM) as an important data of fetal well-being. To analyze the chaotic nature of the individual episodes, the frequency band has been split into single test frequencies in order to find its starting point (SP) as a signal free (quiet) zone. Computing some features of the signal the sound will be distinguishable from the disturbing signals as hiccups, body's rotation and limb movements or even additional noises of maternal heart beats. The SPs of the episodes are characterized by an approximation process in order to select the real ones.Clinical relevance- The method is an irradiation free measurement, carried out on the maternal abdomen. Furthermore, connected with the fetal phonocardiographic (fPCG) monitoring the method offers a non-invasive way for FBM detection applicable also at home. More than 50 pregnancies were examined with the proposed method for at least for 20-min with synchronous measurements by the proposed phonographic device and a 3D ultrasound machine in the third trimester.
Injury Prevention as an Integral Part of Health System Reform Efforts: Lessons Learned from Recently Enacted Massachusetts Laws (2015)

<b>Abstract</b>-Injury is the leading cause of mortality in people younger than 44 years of age. Injury prevention laws and policies are not only effective in saving lives at a population level but are also remarkably cost-effective compared to most public health interventions. For example, the implementation of a stricter Massachusetts Graduated Driver Licensing Law in 2007 resulted in a very significant and rapid decrease in the rates of motor vehicle crashes of teenager drivers, saved thousands of lives, and resulted in more than $10 million dollars savings in health care costs over 5 years. We therefore suggest that trauma and injury prevention should be made a priority in any attempt at local, regional, or national health system reform.
Deformable image registration (2005)

The paper describes a novel deformable data registration algorithm. The proposed method can be seen as a tradeoff between the landmark and intensity driven data registration techniques. The algorithm is fast, robust and offers high registration accuracy. The algorithm enables to include complex constraints on the allowable data deformations. It is shown that some of these constraints permit to treat part of the data as rigid objects or restrict its deformation to a predefined shape. The main focus of the paper is put on the description of the elastic deformation model used in the method. The performance of this new technique is illustrated using simulated as well as real computed tomography (CT) images.
An IL-9–pulmonary macrophage axis defines the allergic lung inflammatory environment (2022)

Despite IL-9 functioning as a pleiotropic cytokine in mucosal environments, the IL-9-responsive cell repertoire is still not well defined. Here, we found that IL-9 mediates proallergic activities in the lungs by targeting lung macrophages. IL-9 inhibits alveolar macrophage expansion and promotes recruitment of monocytes that develop into CD11c<sup>+</sup> and CD11c<sup>-</sup> interstitial macrophage populations. Interstitial macrophages were required for IL-9-dependent allergic responses. Mechanistically, IL-9 affected the function of lung macrophages by inducing Arg1 activity. Compared with Arg1-deficient lung macrophages, Arg1-expressing macrophages expressed greater amounts of CCL5. Adoptive transfer of Arg1<sup>+</sup> lung macrophages but not Arg1<sup>-</sup> lung macrophages promoted allergic inflammation that <i>Il9r<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice were protected against. In parallel, the elevated expression of IL-9, IL-9R, Arg1, and CCL5 was correlated with disease in patients with asthma. Thus, our study uncovers an IL-9/macrophage/Arg1 axis as a potential therapeutic target for allergic airway inflammation.
Decision support for vehicle dispatching using genetic programming (1998)

Vehicle dispatching consists of allocating real-time service requests to a fleet of moving vehicles. In this paper, each vehicle is associated with a vector of attribute values that describes its current situation with respect to new incoming service requests. Using this attribute description, a utility function aimed at approximating the decision process of a professional dispatcher is constructed through genetic programming. Computational results are reported on requests collected from a courier service company and a comparison is provided with a neural network model and a simple dispatching policy.
FYPO: the fission yeast phenotype ontology (2013)

FYPO releases are available from the Subversion repository at the PomBase SourceForge project page (https://sourceforge.net/p/pombase/code/HEAD/tree/phenotype_ontology/). The current version of FYPO is also available on the OBO Foundry Web site (http://obofoundry.org/).
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PICKER PCD CAMERA: IMPACT OF CRYSTAL THICKNESS ON SINGLE PHOTON IMAGING (1998)

Daley, L J; Cooper, O; Rich, D; Freedman, G; Seibyl, J S; Ng, C K; Dey, H M Author Information
New fusion protein systems designed to give soluble expression in Escherichia coli. (1999)

Three native E. coli proteins-NusA, GrpE, and bacterioferritin (BFR)-were studied in fusion proteins expressed in E. coli for their ability to confer solubility on a target insoluble protein at the C-terminus of the fusion protein. These three proteins were chosen based on their favorable cytoplasmic solubility characteristics as predicted by a statistical solubility model for recombinant proteins in E. coli. Modeling predicted the probability of soluble fusion protein expression for the target insoluble protein human interleukin-3 (hIL-3) in the following order: NusA (most soluble), GrpE, BFR, and thioredoxin (least soluble). Expression experiments at 37 degrees C showed that the NusA/hIL-3 fusion protein was expressed almost completely in the soluble fraction, while GrpE/hIL-3 and BFR/hIL-3 exhibited partial solubility at 37 degrees C. Thioredoxin/hIL-3 was expressed almost completely in the insoluble fraction. Fusion proteins consisting of NusA and either bovine growth hormone or human interferon-gamma were also expressed in E. coli at 37 degrees C and again showed that the fusion protein was almost completely soluble. Starting with the NusA/hIL-3 fusion protein with an N-terminal histidine tag, purified hIL-3 with full biological activity was obtained using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, factor Xa protease cleavage, and anion exchange chromatography.
Independent Diagnostic Accuracy of Flow Cytometry Obtained From Fine-Needle Aspirates (2011)

Although the topic is somewhat contentious, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is frequently used in conjunction with flow cytometry (FC) to evaluate lymphoid proliferations. Despite the fact that the FNA and FC are often analyzed independently, no previous large-scale study has independently analyzed FC of FNA specimens. FC reports of 511 FNAs were retrospectively reviewed and FC diagnoses categorized as monoclonal, atypical, normal/reactive, or insufficient cellularity (3.9%). Abnormal immunophenotype was considered a positive test result. "Gold standard" diagnoses were established by histologic examination, treatment based on FNA, or clinical features. In 92.2% (451/489), there was adequate follow-up. The diagnostic accuracy of FC was 88.4%, sensitivity was 85.8%, and specificity was 92.9%. In addition, FC accuracy for classes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma was assessed. We conclude that FC is an independently accurate ancillary test in the evaluation of FNA. However, the presence of false-negative and false-positive cases supports the common practice of correlating FC with cytomorphologic findings even if performed independently.
Fabrication of Ozone Bubble Cleaning System and its Application to Clean Silicon Wafers of a Solar Cell (2015)

Ozone micro-bubble cleaning system was designed, and made to develop a unique technique to clean wafers by using ozone micro-bubbles. The ozone micro-bubble cleaning system consisted of loading, cleaning, rinsing, drying and un-loading zones, respectively. In case of the cleaning the silicon wafers of a solar cell, more than 99 % of cleaning efficiency was obtained by dipping the wafers at 10 ppm of ozone for 10 minutes. Both of long cleaning time and high ozone concentration in the wet-solution with ozone micro-bubbles reduced cleaning efficiency because of the re-sorption of debris. The cleaning technique by ozone micro-bubbles can be also applied to various wafers for an ingot and LED as an eco-friendly method.
Large optical phase shifts in hydrogels written with femtosecond laser pulses: elucidating the role of localized water concentration changes (2017)

We describe the treatment of new hydrogels with nine different chemical compositions by femtosecond laser writing. The phase change induced in the wavefront when passing through the written areas was measured in all of these materials. The induced phase change is negative, which is attributed to the higher presence of water in the written regions and confirmed via Raman spectroscopy. The largest induced change in a single layer at 100 mm/s was −3.69 waves at 543 nm. These results show a strong dependence of the phase change on the concentration of some components and their molar ratio. We propose that some components are essential for the nonlinear energy absorption (“dopants”), while other components (“quenchers”) are essential in redirecting the absorbed energy to cause chemical reactions that profoundly change the polymer structure.
Wide Bandwidth Rogowski Current Transducers (1993)

SummaryThis paper is the first of Two parts giving a comprehensive examination of the use of Rogowski coils for wide bandwidth current waveform measurement. Rogowski coils have previously been used for special applications of current measurement such as very short duration high current pulses, but have only recently become available as general purpose transducers suitable for power electronic equipment. This requires a bandwidth of 50 Hz to at least I MHz for performance comparable to a standard co-axial shunt.Part I examines the coil behaviour and its implication for the integrator design in terms of sensitivity, drift, noise and bandwidth. It is shown, contrary to previous pronouncements, that the coil screen is not advantageous and that improved bandwidth may be obtained by situating the integrating resistor in the coil assembly. Some practical measurements are provided.Part II will examine integrator behaviour and the overall transducer performance.
Proton Tunneling in Aromatic Amine Dehydrogenase is Driven by a Short-Range Sub-Picosecond Promoting Vibration:  Consistency of Simulation and Theory with Experiment (2007)

Hydrogen transfer, an essential component of most biological reactions, is a quantum problem. However, the proposed role of compressive motion in promoting enzymatic H-transfer is contentious. Using molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show that, during proton tunneling in the oxidative deamination of tryptamine catalyzed by the enzyme aromatic amine dehydrogenase (AADH), a sub-picosecond promoting vibration is inherent to the iminoquinone intermediate. We show by numerical modeling that this short-range vibration, with a frequency of approximately 165 cm-1, is consistent with "gating" motion in the hydrogen tunneling model of Kuznetsov and Ulstrup (Kuznetsov, A. M.; Ulstrup, J. Can. J. Chem. 1999, 77, 1085) in an enzymatic reaction with an observed protium/deuterium kinetic isotope effect that is not measurably temperature-dependent.
Age and gender interactions in physiological functional capacity: insight from swimming performance (1997)

One experimental approach to studying the effects of aging on physiological functional capacity in humans is to analyze the peak exercise performance of highly trained athletes with increasing age. To gain insight into the relationships among age, gender, and exercise task duration with use of this model, we performed a 5-yr (1991-1995) retrospective analysis of top freestyle performance times from the US Masters Swimming Championships. Regression analysis showed that in both men and women endurance swimming performance (i.e., 1,500 m) declined linearly from peak levels at age 35-40 yr until approximately 70 yr of age, whereupon performance declined exponentially thereafter. In both genders, the variability among the top 10 winning times in each 5-yr age interval increased markedly with advancing age. Compared with the 1,500-m freestyle, performance in the 50-m freestyle (short-duration task) showed only a modest decline until ages 75 and 80 yr in women and men, respectively. The rate and magnitude of the declines in both short- and long-duration swimming performance with age were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in women than in men. In the women, the percent decline in swimming performance over a 50-yr age period from the 19- to 24-yr to the 69- to 74-yr age groups became progressively greater from the shortest distance (50 m) to the two longest distances (800 and 1,500 m), whereas in men, no differences were observed in the magnitude of performance decline with age among the five longest distance events (i.e., 100-1,500 m). The percent gender difference in performance throughout the age range studied became progressively smaller (P < 0.05) with increasing distance from 50 m (19 +/- 1%) to 1,500 m (11 +/- 1%). The findings in this cross-sectional study indicate that from peak levels at age 35-40 yr, physiological functional capacity, as assessed by swimming performance, decreases linearly until approximately 70-80 yr of age, whereupon the decline becomes exponential. Moreover, the rate of decline with advancing age appears to be associated with event duration and gender.
Multispectral focal plane assembly for satellite remote sensing (2002)

Sandia National Laboratories and several subsystem contractors are developing technologies applicable to multispectral remote sensing from space. A proof of concept multispectral sensor system is under development. The objective of building this sensor is to demonstrate and evaluate multispectral imaging technologies for various applications. The three major subsystems making up the sensor are the focal plane assembly (FPA), the cryocooler, and the telescope. This paper covers the focal plane assembly, which is the basis of the sensor system. The focal plane assembly includes sensor chip assemblies, optical filters, and a vacuum enclosure with cold shielding. Linear detector arrays provide spatial resolution in the cross-track direction for a pushbroom imager configuration. The optical filters define 15 spectral bands in a range from 0.45 /spl mu/m to 10.7 /spl mu/m. All the detector arrays are mounted on a single focal plane and are designed to operate at 75 K. No beam splitters are used. The four spectral bands covering the visible to near infrared have roughly 2400 pixels each, and the remaining 11 spectral bands have roughly 600 pixels each. The average total rate of multispectral data from the FPA is approximately 15.4 megapixels per second.
Corrections to "Soft switching circuit for interleaved boost converters" (2007)

For original article by Yao, A. Chen, and X. He, see ibid, vol. 22, no. 1, p. 80-6, Jan. 2007.
Calcium, dairy products, and risk of prostate cancer in a prospective cohort of United States men. (2003)

Intake of calcium and/or dairy products has been associated with increased risk of prostate cancer in some epidemiological studies. One potential biological mechanism is that high calcium intake down-regulates 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D(3), which may increase cell proliferation in the prostate. We examined the association between calcium, dairy intake, and prostate cancer incidence in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort, a prospective cohort of elderly United States adults. Participants in the study completed a detailed questionnaire on diet, medical history, and lifestyle at enrollment in 1992-1993. After excluding men with a history of cancer or incomplete dietary information, 65,321 men remained for analysis. During follow-up through August 31, 1999, we documented 3811 cases of incident prostate cancer. Multivariate-adjusted rate ratios (RRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Total calcium intake (from diet and supplements) was associated with modestly increased risk of prostate cancer [RR = 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-1.6 for >or=2000 versus <700 mg/day, P trend = 0.02). High dietary calcium intake (>or=2000 versus <700 mg/day) was also associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (RR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.3, P trend = 0.10), although moderate levels of dietary calcium were not associated with increased risk. Dairy intake was not associated with prostate cancer risk. The association between prostate cancer and total calcium intake was strongest for men who reported not having prostate-specific antigen testing before 1992 (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.0, P trend < 0.01 for >or= 2000 mg/day of total calcium; RR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.3-3.4 >or=2000 mg/day of dietary calcium, P trend = 0.04). Our results support the hypothesis that very high calcium intake, above the recommended intake for men, may modestly increase risk of prostate cancer.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of 3D bioprinting of collagen to rebuild components of the human heart. (2021)

Collagen is the primary component of the extracellular matrix in the human body. It has proved challenging to fabricate collagen scaffolds capable of replicating the structure and function of tissues and organs. We present a method to 3D-bioprint collagen using freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) to engineer components of the human heart at various scales, from capillaries to the full organ. Control of pH-driven gelation provides 20-micrometer filament resolution, a porous microstructure that enables rapid cellular infiltration and microvascularization, and mechanical strength for fabrication and perfusion of multiscale vasculature and tri-leaflet valves. We found that FRESH 3D-bioprinted hearts accurately reproduce patient-specific anatomical structure as determined by micro-computed tomography. Cardiac ventricles printed with human cardiomyocytes showed synchronized contractions, directional action potential propagation, and wall thickening up to 14% during peak systole.Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. PMID: 31371612 Funding information This work was supported by: NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R21 HD090679 FDA HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 FD006582 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: F32 HL142229 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: DP2 HL117750
The relative impact of a vegetable-rich diet on key markers of health in a cohort of Australian adolescents. (2008)

Childhood obesity is a widespread health problem in Australia. Overweight in childhood can lead to adult overweight and the development of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Effective strategies for reducing childhood obesity are urgently required. A vegetarian diet has been shown to be an effective prophylactic to many lifestyle diseases in the adult population and may therefore be beneficial in children. However the metabolic demands of adolescents are different to adults and the impact of a vegetarian diet on CVD markers in this demographic is not certain. We compared key physiological and biochemical markers of health against responses to a modified, Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (SPANS) using one-way and two-way Analysis of Variance. 215 adolescents (14-15 yrs) from 5 Adventist secondary schools in the Sydney and Hunter regions of New South Wales, Australia, participated in this study. Adolescents consuming predominantly vegetarian foods showed significantly better scores on markers of cardiovascular health, including, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, Cholesterol/High density lipoprotein ratio and low density lipoprotein. Adolescents consuming nuts more than once per week, also showed lower scores for BMI and serum glucose irrespective of their vegetarian status. Markers of general health including haemoglobin and average height were not different between groups; however a lower serum level of vitamin B12 was apparent in the vegetarian cohort. Surprisingly, exercise on its own was not statistically associated with any of the risk factors tested suggesting that diet may be the most significant factor in promoting health in this age group.
A gamma detector probe with ex Vivo detection of carcinoid tumors superior to intraoperative palpation (1997)

Ex vivo analysis of H-probe2 supported detection of tumors inaccessible to surgical palpation, but its clinical efficiency awaits intraoperative evaluation.