gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variables Affecting the Internal Energy of Peptide Ions During Separation by Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry (2017)

Differential ion mobility spectrometry (DIMS) devices separate ions on the basis of differences in ion mobility in low and high electric fields, and can be used as a stand-alone analytical method or as a separation step before further analysis. As with other ion mobility separation techniques, the ability of DIMS separations to retain the structural characteristics of analytes has been of concern. For DIMS separations, this potential loss of ion structure originates from the fact that the separations occur at atmospheric pressure and the ions, during their transit through the device, undergo repeated collisions with the DIMS carrier gas while being accelerated by the electric field. These collisions have the ability to increase the internal energy distribution of the ions, which can cause isomerization or fragmentation. The increase in internal energy of the ions is based on a number of variables, including the dispersion field and characteristics of the carrier gas such as temperature and composition. The effects of these parameters on the intra-DIMS fragmentation of multiply charged ions of the peptides bradykinin (RPPGFSPFR) and GLISH are discussed herein. Furthermore, similarities and differences in the internal energy deposition that occur during collisional activation in tandem mass spectrometry experiments are discussed, as the fragmentation pathways accessed by both are similar. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Emotion-Based Crowd Representation for Abnormality Detection (2016)

In crowd behavior understanding, a model of crowd behavior need to be trained using the information extracted from video sequences. Since there is no ground-truth available in crowd datasets except the crowd behavior labels, most of the methods proposed so far are just based on low-level visual features. However, there is a huge semantic gap between low-level motion/appearance features and high-level concept of crowd behaviors. In this paper we propose an attribute-based strategy to alleviate this problem. While similar strategies have been recently adopted for object and action recognition, as far as we know, we are the first showing that the crowd emotions can be used as attributes for crowd behavior understanding. The main idea is to train a set of emotion-based classifiers, which can subsequently be used to represent the crowd motion. For this purpose, we collect a big dataset of video clips and provide them with both annotations of "crowd behaviors" and "crowd emotions". We show the results of the proposed method on our dataset, which demonstrate that the crowd emotions enable the construction of more descriptive models for crowd behaviors. We aim at publishing the dataset with the article, to be used as a benchmark for the communities.
Effects of compliance of hydrodynamic thrust bearings in hard disk drives on disk vibration (1997)

For cantilever-shaft design 2-disk hydrodynamic bearing spindle motors, the compliance of the thrust bearing has little effect on the radial operating vibration amplitudes which are the major contributor to the track misregistration in hard disk drives. At the low frequency range (<300 Hz), the compliance of the thrust bearing has great effect on the axial vibration amplitudes. However, the disk flexibility and/or disk clamping condition have more effects than the compliance of the thrust bearing on the axial operating vibration amplitudes at the frequency range of 300/spl sim/800 Hz. Magnetic preload may contribute equivalent vibration amplitudes but consumes much less power than the hydrodynamic preload does.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN 60. MITT. MECHANISMEN VON ELIMINIERUNGSRK. 19. MITT. STERISCHER VERLAUF DER BIMOLEKULAREN ELIMINIERUNG IN BICYCLO(2,2,2)OCTYL‐ONIUMBASEN UND ‐TOSYLATEN (1972)

Abstract Aus den quartären Basen (I) und (III) werden die entsprechenden Olefine wie (II) in annehmbaren Ausbeuten (5 O bzw. 70%) nur erhalten, wenn tert.‐Butanolat in aprotischen Lösungsmitteln (DMSO bzw. Benzol) angewendet wird.
Advantages and Disadvantages Among Three Schools of "Martial arts Novel" (2010)

There are three kinds of writing in martial arts novel: plain writing,illusory writing,and illusory plus realistic writing.The plain writing is closely linked with storytelling performed by professional storyteller in special place.The illusory writing mainly comes from the writer's free creation;however,excessive fantasy will essentially violate the literary type's regulation of Chinese knight-errant literature.The illusory plus realistic writing adapts to the development of Chinese knight-errant novels in the two aspects of thought and art.And it is still the important difficulty to grasp the relationship and the scale between the illusion and reality so far.
Reducing background interference in silver stained two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gels (1985)

Abstract Amino acid analysis shows that commercial grades of agarose contain peptides. The quantity varies with the purity of the agarose. These findings agree with our observations that the extent of the background after silver‐staining for agarose gels or where agarose was used in the system (as in two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) was determined mainly by the quality of agarose used.
Metal-organic frameworks as hypergolic additives for hybrid rockets (2021)

Hybrid rocket propulsion can contribute to reduce launch costs by simplifying engine design and operation. Hypergolic propellants, i.e. igniting spontaneously and immediately upon contact between fuel and oxidizer, further simplify system integration by removing the need for an ignition system. Such hybrid engines could also replace currently popular hypergolic propulsion approaches based on extremely toxic and carcinogenic hydrazines. Here we present the first demonstration for the use of hypergolic metal-organic frameworks (HMOFs) as additives to trigger hypergolic ignition in conventional paraffin-based hybrid engine fuels. HMOFS are a recently introduced class of stable and safe hypergolic materials, used here as a platform to bring readily tunable ignition and combustion properties to hydrocarbon fuels. We present an experimental investigation of the ignition delay (ID, the time from first contact with an oxidizer to ignition) of blends of HMOFs with paraffin, using White Fuming Nitric Acid (WFNA) as the oxidizer. The majority of measured IDs are under 10 ms, significantly below the upper limit of 50 ms required for functional hypergolic propellant, and within the ultrafast ignition range. A theoretical analysis of the performance of HMOFs-containing fuels in a hybrid launcher engine scenario also reveals the effect of the HMOF mass fraction on the specific impulse (Isp) and density impulse (ρIsp). The use of HMOFs to produce paraffin-based hypergolic fuels results in a slight decrease of the Isp and ρIsp compared to that of pure paraffin, similar to the effect observed with Ammonia Borane (AB), a popular hypergolic additive. HMOFs however have a much higher thermal stability, allowing for convenient mixing with hot liquid paraffin, making the manufacturing processes simpler and safer compared to other hypergolic additives such as AB.
Patient stratification based on Activity of Daily Living score using Relational Self-Organizing Maps (2014)

Stratification is a valuable technique for providing an insight on the structure of the patient population based on some features such as Activity of Daily Living (ADL) scores. Grouping patients can play an important role in designing clinical trials or improving care delivery. In this paper, we present a method for stratifying patients based on their ADL scores. Every patient is represented by a time series consisting of ADL scores recorded over a period of up to two years. This approach relies on Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) technique to measure the similarity between two time series and then using Relational Self-Organizing Maps (RSOM) to discover patient clusters. The analysis was performed on a population of 6,000 patients. Six clusters were discovered: patients with high risk and steady ADL trajectory, low risk and steady trajectory, patients with sudden ADL score jumps, patients with declining ADL score and others with steady inclining trajectory.
Dendritic Effect in Polymer‐Supported Catalysis of the Intramolecular Pauson—Khand Reaction. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
EXAMINATION OF MANGROVE MODELING IN NUMERICAL CALCULATION (2020)

A number of studies which handle wave height attenuation effect due to coastal vegetation such as mangroves and coastal forests have been performed. In recent years, for considering effect of the mangrove roots, actual trees have been used for laboratory test. Chang (2019) proposed a formula for calculating C_D and C_M from Re and KC through experiments using a mangrove 3D model printed using actual tree. The C_D and C_M have been estimated experimentally under the condition that the water depth is relatively large and the waves don't break. However, the relationship between the Re number and the KC number and the C_D and C_M have not been investigated. Therefore, we conducted experiments focusing on the arrangement and density of the forest zone and trunk thickness. Then we demonstrated the validity of our analysis based on the comparison of our result and results of previous studies. The aim of this study is to establish a modeling method for coastal vegetation in order to enable calculation of the wave attenuation effect due to mangroves using numerical calculation.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/bcNlvRSvJQk
Generation of noncentrosymmetric structures in glassy liquid crystalline siloxanes (1996)

Abstract Photoisomerization has been used to induce polar order in azo‐dye‐containing polymeric liquid crystalline oligosiloxanes at room temperature. The extent of the induced polar order was probed using a Maker fringe analysis at 1064 and 1542 nm. All samples studied at 1064 nm gave asymmetric fringe maxima, which was ascribed to a gradient in the induced polar order. The benefits of this poling mechanism, which operates on the combined effect of both light and static electric fields, was highlighted via poling of a defined area of the liquid crystal. This ability to selectively write polar structures into the liquid crystals may lead to electro‐optic diffractive devices.
The Effects of Grid Accuracy on Flow Simulations: A Numerical Assessment (2020)

High-quality, accurate grid generation is a critical challenge in the computational simulation of fluid flows around complex geometries. In particular, the accuracy of the grids is an effective factor in order to achieve a successful numerical simulation. In the current study, we present a series of systematic numerical simulations for fluid flows around a NACA 0012 airfoil using different computational grid generation techniques, including the standard second-order, fourth-order compact, and Theodorsen transformation approaches, to assess the effects of grid accuracy on the flow solutions. The flow solvers are based on the second- and fourth-order schemes for spatial discretizations and Beam-Warming linearization method for time advancement. The obtained grids, as well as the metrics and the corresponding numerical flow solution for each grid generation technique, are compared and studied in detail. It is demonstrated that the quality and orthogonality of the grids is improved by using the fourth-order compact scheme. Moreover, the numerical assessment showed that the accuracy and the quality of the grids directly influence the numerical flow solutions. Finally, the higher-order accurate flow solvers are found to be more sensitive to the accuracy of the generated grid.
A Framework for Multidimensional Real-Time Data Analysis (2011)

In this paper, the authors present a framework to support multidimensional analysis of real-time physiological data streams and clinical data. The clinical context for the case study demonstration is neonatal intensive care, focusing specifically on the detection of episodes of central apnoea, a clinically significant problem. The model accounts for the multidimensional and real-time nature of apnoea of prematurity and the associated clinical rules. The framework demonstration includes: 1) defining rules that quantify concurrent behaviours between multiple synchronous data streams and asynchronous data values; 2) designing UML models to define present practice event processing for episodes of apnoea; 3) translating the model in SPADE to enable the deployment within the real-time processing layer of the Artemis platform, which utilizes IBM’s InfoSphere Streams; 4) demonstrating knowledge discovery with simple and complex temporal abstractions of the data streams; and 5) presenting results for early detection of episodes of apnoea across multiple physiological data streams.
Limited Reactivity of Formyl Chloride with Glutathione and Relevance to Metabolism and Toxicity of Dichloromethane (2006)

Formyl chloride has been indirectly implicated as an intermediate in the oxidation of CH(2)Cl(2) and proposed to be a product of the oxidation of some other compounds. Formyl chloride was synthesized and added to aqueous solutions, with CO formed as a product. The presence of glutathione (GSH) did not reduce the yield of CO at any of the pH values tested. At pH >or= 9, a small amount of S-formyl GSH was detected (<or =3% of CO formed) and identified by comparison with synthetic material using mass spectrometry. Incubations of CH(2)Cl(2) with human liver microsomes at neutral pH produced mainly CO and only trace protein adducts (detected from (14)CH(2)Cl(2)) and no S-formyl GSH at the level of detection. Neither rat liver cytosol nor purified GSH transferase (rat) 5-5 or (human) T1-1 significantly enhanced the level of S-formyl GSH recovered in incubations with either NADPH-fortified microsomes and CH(2)Cl(2) or synthetic formyl chloride. The oxidation pathway is the principal route of metabolism of CH(2)Cl(2) at low doses in vivo, and previous literature assumes that the formyl chloride product is reactive with GSH and protein. We provide evidence that formyl chloride can react with GSH but that, in contrast to suggestions in the literature, the extent is very limited because of the known high rate of rearrangement to CO in aqueous solution. The very limited reaction of formyl chloride with nucleophiles is consistent with the low toxicity of CH(2)Cl(2), and formyl chloride binding cannot be used as an explanation for discrepancies in pharmacokinetic models [Gargas, M. L., Clewell, H. J., III, and Andersen, M. E. (1986) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 82, 211-223; Clewell, H. J., III (1995) Toxicology 102, 83-94].
Repolarization predictors of fetal long QT syndrome (2020)

A late-peaking T-wave in association with QTc prolongation is a distinctive, reliable indicator of fetal LQTS. U-waves confound assessment of QTc; however, normal U-waves can usually be distinguished from LQTS T-waves based on polarity.
Kruppel-like Factor 2 Modulates CCR5 Expression and Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection (2012)

CCR5, a cell surface molecule critical for the transmission and spread of HIV-1, is dynamically regulated during T cell activation and differentiation. The molecular mechanism linking T cell activation to modulation of CCR5 expression remains undefined. Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a transcription factor that promotes quiescence, survival, and in part by modulating chemokine receptor levels, induces homing to secondary lymphoid organs. Given the relationship between T cell activation and chemokine receptor expression, we tested whether the abundance of KLF2 after T cell activation regulates CCR5 expression and, thus, susceptibility of a T cell to CCR5-dependent HIV-1 strains (R5). We observed a strong correlation between T cell activation, expression of KLF2 and CCR5, and susceptibility to infection. To directly measure how KLF2 affects CCR5 regulation, we introduced small interfering RNA targeting KLF2 expression and demonstrated that reduced KLF2 expression also resulted in less CCR5. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified KLF2 bound to the CCR5 promoter in resting but not CD3/28 activated T cells, suggesting that KLF2 directly regulates CCR5 expression. Introduction of KLF2 under control of a heterologous promoter could restore CCR5 expression and R5 susceptibility to CD3/28 costimulated T cells and some transformed cell lines. Thus, KLF2 is a host factor that modulates CCR5 expression in CD4 T cells and influences susceptibility to R5 infection.
Residual Recovery Algorithm For Modulo Sampling (2021)

Two important attributes of analog to digital converters (ADCs) are its sampling rate and dynamic range. The sampling rate should be greater than or equal to the Nyquist rate for bandlimited signals with bounded energy. It is also desired that the signals' dynamic range should be within that of the ADC's; otherwise, the signal will be clipped. A modulo operator has been recently suggested prior to sampling to restrict the dynamic range. Due to the nonlinearity of the modulo operation, the samples are distorted. Existing recovery algorithms to recover the signal from its modulo samples operate at a high sampling rate and are not robust in the presence of noise. In this paper, we propose a robust algorithm to recover the signal from the modulo samples which operates at lower sampling rate compared to existing techniques. We also show that our method has lower error compared to existing approaches for a given sampling rate, noise level, and dynamic range of the ADC. Our results lead to less constrained hardware design to address dynamic range issues while operating at the lowest rate possible.
Wall Teichoic Acid Protects Staphylococcus aureus against Antimicrobial Fatty Acids from Human Skin (2009)

Skin-colonizing gram-positive bacteria produce wall teichoic acids (WTAs) or related glycopolymers for unclear reasons. Using a WTA-deficient Staphylococcus aureus mutant, we demonstrated that WTA confers resistance to antimicrobial fatty acids from human sebaceous glands by preventing fatty acid binding. Thus, WTA is probably important for bacterial skin colonization.
SSB-carrier mismatch detection from speech characteristics: Extension beyond the range of uniqueness (2002)

In certain radio-surveillance applications, speech signals with uncertain carrier frequencies may be detected. Beyond other disturbances, carrier mismatches distort the demodulated SSB signals by frequency shifts Δƒ.
Strong regional atmospheric 14C signature of respired CO2 observed from a tall tower over the midwestern United States (2016)

Abstract Radiocarbon in CO 2 ( 14 CO 2 ) measurements can aid in discriminating between fast (&lt;1 year) and slower (&gt;5–10 years) cycling of C between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere due to the 14 C disequilibrium between atmospheric and terrestrial C. However, 14 CO 2 in the atmosphere is typically much more strongly impacted by fossil fuel emissions of CO 2 , and, thus, observations often provide little additional constraints on respiratory flux estimates at regional scales. Here we describe a data set of 14 CO 2 observations from a tall tower in northern Wisconsin (USA) where fossil fuel influence is far enough removed that during the summer months, the biospheric component of the 14 CO 2 budget dominates. We find that the terrestrial biosphere is responsible for a significant contribution to 14 CO 2 that is 2–3 times higher than predicted by the Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford approach terrestrial ecosystem model for observations made in 2010. This likely includes a substantial contribution from the North American boreal ecoregion, but transported biospheric emissions from outside the model domain cannot be ruled out. The 14 CO 2 enhancement also appears somewhat decreased in observations made over subsequent years, suggesting that 2010 may be anomalous. With these caveats acknowledged, we discuss the implications of the observation/model comparison in terms of possible systematic biases in the model versus short‐term anomalies in the observations. Going forward, this isotopic signal could be exploited as an important indicator to better constrain both the long‐term carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems and the short‐term impact of disturbance‐based loss of carbon to the atmosphere.
Evaluation of Indonesian Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) Using Stability Analysis and Sustainability Index (2023)

Yield and yield attributes are important components in genotypic evaluation. The butterfly pea is a native plant of Indonesia, and it is considered an underutilized crop. The goals of this study were to evaluate genotypes using environment (year) interactions (GEIs) with yield and yield attributes, and evaluate butterfly pea genotypes based on stability measurements and sustainability index (SI). The study was conducted at the Ciparanje Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran using 35 butterfly pea genotypes in a randomized complete block design with two replications. The field trial was conducted over three years (2018–2020). The results showed that the yield and yield attributes were influenced by GEIs. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) selected 11 stable genotypes (31.43%); genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot, AMMI stability value (ASV), and genotype stability index (GSI), each selected six genotypes (17.14%) that were stable and high-yielding, and SI selected 18 genotypes (51.43%) that were stable and high-yielding. There were three genotypes identified by all measurements, namely G2, G14, and G16. These three genotypes can be selected as the superior genotypes of the butterfly pea for flower production, and can be used as material for crosses in plant-breeding prog.
Modeling of the Effect of Freezer Conditions on the Principal Constituent Parameters of Ice Cream by Using Response Surface Methodology (2008)

A systematic analysis was carried out by using response surface methodology to create a quantitative model of the synergistic effects of conditions in a continuous freezer [mix flow rate (L/h), overrun (%), cylinder pressure (kPa), drawing temperature ( degrees C), and dasher speed (rpm)] on the principal constituent parameters of ice cream [rate of fat destabilization (%), mean air cell diameter (mum), and mean ice crystal diameter (mum)]. A central composite face-centered design was used for this study. Thirty-one combinations of the 5 above-mentioned freezer conditions were designed (including replicates at the center point), and ice cream samples were manufactured and examined in a continuous freezer under the selected conditions. The responses were the 3 variables given above. A quadratic model was constructed, with the freezer conditions as the independent variables and the ice cream characteristics as the dependent variables. The coefficients of determination (R(2)) were greater than 0.9 for all 3 responses, but Q(2), the index used here for the capability of the model for predicting future observed values of the responses, was negative for both the mean ice crystal diameter and the mean air cell diameter. Therefore, pruned models were constructed by removing terms that had contributed little to the prediction in the original model and by refitting the regression model. It was demonstrated that these pruned models provided good fits to the data in terms of R(2), Q(2), and ANOVA. The effects of freezer conditions were expressed quantitatively in terms of the 3 responses. The drawing temperature ( degrees C) was found to have a greater effect on ice cream characteristics than any of the other factors.