gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rate of metabolic decarboxylation of leucine as assessed by a l[1‐13C1]leucine breath test combined with indirect calorimetry of broiler chickens fed isocaloric diets with different protein:fat ratio (2007)

Research has shown that broiler chickens reared on a low-protein diet have a more efficient protein digestion. However, information on the fate of absorbed amino acids in relation to the dietary crude protein level in poultry is sparse. Therefore, this study aimed at developing a methodology for a 1-(13)C(1)-leucine breath test combined with indirect calorimetry, and to apply this technique using broiler diets known to induce differences in protein retention. From 14 days of age onwards, broiler chickens were reared on one of two isocaloric diets with substitutions between fat and protein [low-protein (LP) vs. high-protein (HP) diet: 130.4 vs. 269 g protein/kg; and 101.8 vs. 27.9 g fat/kg]. Every 4 or 5 days, three chickens per diet were placed in the respiratory cells for 48 h. The broilers were intubated with 40 mg 1-(13)C(1)-leucine/kg body weight, followed by breath sampling for 4 h at 15-min intervals and mass spectrometric analysis of the (13)C:(12)C ratio in the samples. The CO(2) level in the respiratory cell air was monitored and excreta samples were collected. The methodology to study l[1-(13)C(1)]leucine decarboxyation in chickens using a breath test combined with indirect calorimetry was accomplished. Results of the nitrogen balance test indicated that the LP broilers had an improved dietary protein retention compared with the HP animals. Moreover, LP chickens decarboxylated a significantly lower percentage of l[1-(13)C(1)]leucine, demonstrating several 'protein- or amino acid-sparing' mechanisms in animals reared on a diet with lower protein level, both at the digestive and at the postabsorptive level.
Laser cleaning of stone by different laser pulse duration and wavelength (2008)

The present work focuses on the main phenomenological features of stone cleaning by lasers. These are the removal rate, cleaning degree, and chromatic appearance of the treated surface associated with different conservation problems and laser parameters. A set of three different outdoor stone conservation problems were investigated here. The measurement of the ablation rates were carried out on encrusted stone artifacts and two sets of standards in order to derive general behaviors through repeatable measurements. The analysis of the irradiation tests provided quantification of the different efficiencies, cleaning degree, and chromatic appearances associated with the fundamental harmonic of Q-switching, long Q-switching, and short free-running Nd:YAG lasers (1064 nm), as well as with the second harmonic of Q-switching sources (532 nm).
Benefits of cache-affinity scheduling in shared-memory multiprocessors (1993)

An interesting and common class of workloads for shared-memory multiprocessors is multiprogrammed workloads. Because these workloads generally contain more processes than there are processors in the machine, there are two factors that increase the number of cache misses. First, several processes are forced to time-share the same cache, resulting in one process displacing the cache state previously built up by a second one. Consequently, when the second process runs again, it generates a stream of misses as it rebuilds ita cache state. Second since an idle processor simply selects the highest priority runnable process, a given process often moves from one CPU to another. This frequent migration results in the process having to continuously reload its state into new caches, producing streams of cache misses. To reduce the number of misses in these workloads, processes should reuse their cached state more. One way to encourage this is to schedule each process based on its affinity to individual caches, that is, based on the amount of state that the process has accumulated in an individual cache. This technique is called cache affinity scheduling.
Psychophysical Localization of the Human Visual Streak (1992)

In a topographical study of the human retina, Curcio and Allen documented the presence of the human visual streak, which they described as a prominent nasotemporal asymmetry in ganglion cell density. This asymmetry could also be expected to be measurable in any visual function limited by ganglion cell density. By using an interferometer we sought to test the hypothesis of Thibos et al. that peripheral resolution acuity is limited by the spacing of ganglion cells and should therefore reflect the anatomical asymmetry of the visual streak, once the attenuating effects of the eye's optics have been removed. This proved to be the case and differences predicted by a ganglion cell density of 2:1 were easily measurable. This study has potential clinical implications for the detection of disease or abnormalities of the visual system that cause death or dysfunction of retinal ganglion cells.
Improved Production Log Interpretation in Horizontal Wells Using a Combination of Pulsed Neutron Logs, Quantitative Temperature Log Analysis, Time Lapse LWD Resistivity Logs and Borehole Gravity (1998)

Abstract A novel combination of logs and their unique interpretations are used to improve the understanding of production in horizontal wells on the North Slope of Alaska. Two techniques using Pulse Neutron Capture (PNC) logs to identify and quantify liquid productive intervals were previously presented in a paper by Brady et. al. These techniques are compared and combined with two additional techniques:the use of time lapse LWD resistivity to determine productive intervals and liquid flow profiles while drilling, anda non trial-and-error method to determine quantitative gas production using temperature logs in a two-phase flow. Finally, modeling shows borehole gravity logs can be used to track the vertical movement of gas or water tens of feet above or below horizontal wells. Integrating the time lapse differences between the shallow LWD resistivity logs run while drilling and logs run several hours after drilling shows a strong correlation with PNC liquid flow profiles for wells producing at solution GOR. Additionally, combining a quantitative gas flow rate analysis from the temperature log with the liquid profiles provides a complete analysis of the production profile for two-phase flow in horizontal wells. Finally by combining the production profile analysis from a horizontal well with the modeled time- lapse borehole gravity data, a complete understanding of the fluid movements in the well borehole as well as tens to two hundred feet into the formation can be obtained. These techniques can be applied to both horizontal and vertical wells with both slotted liner and cemented perforated completions to obtain a quantitative production profile. The LWD resistivity data is collected while drilling to better understand the productive reservoir rock before the well is completed. Time lapse borehole gravity provides an understanding of the reservoir fluid movements affecting the wellbore flow profiles after the well has been put on production.
$\Pi-$nets: Deep Polynomial Neural Networks (2020)

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) is currently the method of choice\nboth for generative, as well as for discriminative learning in computer vision\nand machine learning. The success of DCNNs can be attributed to the careful\nselection of their building blocks (e.g., residual blocks, rectifiers,\nsophisticated normalization schemes, to mention but a few). In this paper, we\npropose $\\Pi$-Nets, a new class of DCNNs. $\\Pi$-Nets are polynomial neural\nnetworks, i.e., the output is a high-order polynomial of the input. $\\Pi$-Nets\ncan be implemented using special kind of skip connections and their parameters\ncan be represented via high-order tensors. We empirically demonstrate that\n$\\Pi$-Nets have better representation power than standard DCNNs and they even\nproduce good results without the use of non-linear activation functions in a\nlarge battery of tasks and signals, i.e., images, graphs, and audio. When used\nin conjunction with activation functions, $\\Pi$-Nets produce state-of-the-art\nresults in challenging tasks, such as image generation. Lastly, our framework\nelucidates why recent generative models, such as StyleGAN, improve upon their\npredecessors, e.g., ProGAN.\n
Linear combinations of multiple outcome measures to improve the power of efficacy analysis – application to clinical trials on early-stage Alzheimer's disease (2017)

Modern clinical trials on Alzheimer disease (AD) focus on the early symptomatic stage or even the preclinical stage. Subtle disease progression at the early stages, however, poses a major challenge in designing such clinical trials. We propose a multivariate mixed model on repeated measures to model the disease progression over time on multiple efficacy outcomes, and derive the optimum weights to combine multiple outcome measures by minimizing the sample sizes to adequately power the clinical trials. A cross-validation simulation study is conducted to assess the accuracy for the estimated weights as well as the improvement in reducing the sample sizes for such trials. The proposed methodology is applied to the multiple cognitive tests from the ongoing observational study of the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) to power future clinical trials in the DIAN with a cognitive endpoint. Our results show that the optimum weights to combine multiple outcome measures can be accurately estimated, and that compared to the individual outcomes, the combined efficacy outcome with these weights significantly reduces the sample size required to adequately power clinical trials. When applied to the clinical trial in the DIAN, the estimated linear combination of six cognitive tests can adequately power the clinical trial.
Efficient Compression of Long Arbitrary Sequences With No Reference at the Encoder (2020)

In a distributed information application an encoder compresses an arbitrary vector while a similar reference vector is available to the decoder as side information. For the Hamming-distance similarity measure, and when guaranteed perfect reconstruction is required, we present two contributions to the solution of this problem. One result shows that when a set of potential reference vectors is available to the encoder, lower compression rates can be achieved when the set satisfies a certain clustering property. Another result reduces the best known decoding complexity from exponential in the vector length <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(n^{1.5})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> by generalized concatenation of inner coset codes and outer error-correcting codes. One potential application of the results is the compression of DNA sequences, where similar (but not identical) reference vectors are shared among senders and receivers.
Workload characterization and prediction in the cloud: A multiple time series approach (2012)

Cloud computing promises high scalability, flexibility and cost-effectiveness to satisfy emerging computing requirements. To efficiently provision computing resources in the cloud, system administrators need the capabilities of characterizing and predicting workload on the Virtual Machines (VMs). In this paper, we use data traces obtained from a real data center to develop such capabilities. First, we search for repeatable workload patterns by exploring cross-VM workload correlations resulted from the dependencies among applications running on different VMs. Treating workload data samples as time series, we develop a co-clustering technique to identify groups of VMs that frequently exhibit correlated workload patterns, and also the time periods in which these VM groups are active. Then, we introduce a method based on Hidden Markov Modeling (HMM) to characterize the temporal correlations in the discovered VM clusters and to predict variations of workload patterns. The experimental results show that our method can not only help better understand group-level workload characteristics, but also make more accurate predictions on workload changes in a cloud.
Methodologies for the adaptive compression of video sequences (2009)

In this work, a procedure for the video compression and transmission is presented, based on a Singular Value Decomposition approach, whose controls are obtained as the output of a constrained optimization problem that refers to the compression ratio as the optimization functional and an image quality index as the performance constraint. The tools of estimation theory allow to obtain a polynomial approximation of these indexes in a static fashion via least square technique, and adaptively, with the concurrent estimation of both the order of the polynomial functions and the salient function parameters through the use of Kalman Filters. The implementation of the whole system and some simulations of real video sequences are presented to validate and assess the proposed procedure.
Permanent Colonization by Lactobacillus casei Is Hindered by the Low Rate of Cell Division in Mouse Gut (2004)

Long residence times of probiotics in the intestinal tract would prolong their potential beneficial health effects and assist colonization. This study investigated the colonization potential of Lactobacillus casei Shirota in mouse intestine by using 5 (and 6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (cFDA-SE) for assessment of doubling times in different parts of the intestine. The amounts of intestinal water overlying the surfaces of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon in BALB/c mice were 34.4 +/- 2.9, 58.8 +/- 6.8, 21.6 +/- 2.2, and 8.0 +/- 1.0 mg, respectively. Based on the residual concentrations of cFDA-SE-labeled lactobacilli on intestinal mucosal surfaces, the average half times for the wash-out of lactobacilli fed were estimated at 3.98, 1.55, 1.34, and 2.48 days in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon, respectively. The average doubling times of the lactobacilli, estimated from the residual fluorescent levels of surface-adhered cells, were 4.10, 4.78, 4.56, and 5.59 days in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon, respectively. It is estimated that the lactobacilli would have to achieve an average doubling time of 1.03 to 2.04 days to colonize the various sections of the mouse intestinal tract more permanently.
Iron-Sulfur Centers and Activities of the Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain in Iron-Deficient Cultures of the Blue-Green Alga Aphanocapsa (1983)

Cultures of the blue-green alga, Aphanocapsa, were grown under iron-limiting conditions and changes in concentration of redox components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, particularly iron-sulfur centers, were monitored by spectroscopic methods. A moderate iron depletion (1/10 of the normal concentration) had little effect on photosynthetic electron transport reactions and growth. Nevertheless, the amount of membrane-bound non-heme iron decreased sharply, and ferredoxin was nearly totally replaced by a flavin-containing protein, flavodoxin. Severe iron-deficiency (1/100 of the normal concentration) was accompanied by growth inhibition and decreased rates of photosynthetic electron flow. The Photosystem I reaction center was most affected by iron depletion as evidenced by a decrease in the amounts of iron-sulfur centers A, B, and X. However, formation of other redox proteins, even those that do not contain iron, was also inhibited by severe iron deficiency.
SK3 Trafficking in Hippocampal Cells: The Role of Different Molecular Domains (2006)

The regulative steps that control trafficking of ion channels are fundamental determinants of their qualitative and quantitative expression on the cell membrane. In this work the trafficking of the small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, SK3 was studied in neurons in order to identify relevant molecular domains involved in this process. Hippocampal cell cultures were transfected with fusion proteins of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and different SK3 subunit truncations. The differential distribution of the mutants was analyzed by confocal microscopy and compared to the localization of the control fusion protein with full length SK3. The transport of chimeric proteins was quantified from fluorescence images by developing a morphometric analytical method. We found that the full length SK3 was distributed in cell body, axon and dendrites, whereas the deleted forms GFPDelta578-736 (deletion of the entire C-terminal domain), GFPDeltaCaMBD (deletion of the calmodulin-binding site) and GFPDeltaN (deletion of the N-terminal domain) were not transported into cell processes but accumulated in the cell body. The GFPDelta640-736 (deletion of the distal C-terminal domain) showed a distribution similar to control. The quantification and statistical analysis confirmed the differences in distribution across the three groups. In conclusion, the current work provides evidence for a fundamental role of the N-terminal domain and the calmodulin binding domain in SK3 trafficking in neurons.
Nozzle‐quenching process for controlled flame synthesis of titania nanoparticles (2003)

Abstract A process for precisely controlled synthesis of nanoparticles with a broad range of sizes, morphologies, and phase compositions is presented. This is achieved by a rapid quenching of the entire flame aerosol in a critical‐flow nozzle placed above and into the flame. This process is evaluated for synthesis of titania nanoparticles by oxidation of titanium‐tetra‐isopropoxide (TTIP) in a methane/oxygen coflow diffusion‐flame reactor. Precise control of phase composition from 97 to 5 wt. % anatase (and the balance rutile) and average primary particle diameter from 5 to 60 nm is possible by positioning the quenching nozzle at the desired heights above the burner and controlling gas and precursor flow rates. The nozzle quenching also reduces the degree of agglomeration of the product particles. An operation diagram shows that the primary particle diameter and the phase composition can be independently controlled, making anatase or rutile nanoparticles with high or low specific surface area.
Design and evaluation of interaction models for multi-touch mice (2010)

Adding multi-touch sensing to the surface of a mouse has the potential to substantially increase the number of interactions available to the user. However, harnessing this increased bandwidth is challenging, since the user must perform multi-touch interactions while holding the device and using it as a regular mouse. In this paper we describe the design challenges and formalize the design space of multi-touch mice interactions. From our design space categories we synthesize four interaction models which enable the use of both multi-touch and mouse interactions on the same device. We describe the results of a controlled user experiment evaluating the performance of these models in a 2D spatial manipulation task typical of touch-based interfaces and compare them to interacting directly on a multi-touch screen and with a regular mouse. We observed that our multi-touch mouse interactions were overall slower than the chosen baselines; however, techniques providing a single focus of interaction and explicit touch activation yielded better performance and higher preferences from our participants. Our results expose the difficulties in designing multitouch mice interactions and define the problem space for future research in making these devices effective. KEYWORDS: Multi-touch, mouse, surface computing, desktop computing. INDEX TERMS: H.5.2 [Information interfaces and presentation]: User Interfaces. – Input devices and strategies; Graphical user interfaces.
Photon-counting lidar for aerosol detection and 3D imaging (2009)

Laser-based remote sensing is undergoing a remarkable advance due to novel technologies developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. We have conducted recent experiments that have demonstrated the utility of detecting and imaging low-density aerosol clouds. The Mobile Active Imaging LIDAR (MAIL) system uses a Lincoln Laboratory-developed microchip laser to transmit short pulses at 14-16 kHz Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF), and a Lincoln Laboratory-developed 32x32 Geiger-mode Avalanche-Photodiode Detector (GmAPD) array for singlephoton counting and ranging. The microchip laser is a frequency-doubled passively Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser providing an average transmitted power of less than 64 milli-Watts. When the avalanche photo-diodes are operated in the Geiger-mode, they are reverse-biased above the breakdown voltage for a time that corresponds to the effective range-gate or range-window of interest. The time-of-flight, and therefore range, is determined from the measured laser transmit time and the digital time value from each pixel. The optical intensity of the received pulse is not measured because the GmAPD is saturated by the electron avalanche. Instead, the reflectivity of the scene, or relative density of aerosols in this case, is determined from the temporally and/or spatially analyzed detection statistics.
Population survival impact of new targeted and immune based therapies for metastatic or unresectable melanoma (2018)

IntroductionNew classes of drugs for metastatic or unresectable melanoma (MM) have shown improved survival in randomized trials (e.g., anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, BRAF/MEK inhibitors). We sought to describe uptake of these new drugs and their impact on population-based survival outcomes of MM.&#x0D; Objectives and ApproachWe sought to describe uptake of these new drugs and their impact on population-based survival outcomes of MM. This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study of all treated MM in Ontario 2007-2015. Administrative data sources from the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) were utilized. Within ICES, cutaneous and non-cutaneous primaries were identified in the Ontario Cancer Registry. Administrative sources from Cancer Care Ontario, Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, and Canadian Institute for Health Information identified patients treated with palliative systemic therapy, radiotherapy and metastatectomy. Temporal trends in utilization and survival were investigated. Survival by drug class was described.&#x0D; ResultsWe identified 2,793 MM patients. First treatment was systemic therapy (46%), radiotherapy (41%) or metastatectomy (14%). MM patient number increased from 270 in 2007 to 418 in 2015. Systemic treatment rose from 125 MM first treated in 2007 to 343 in 2015. New drug treatments increased from &lt;6% of reported first-line regimens in 2007 to 82\% in 2015. 1-year and 2-year overall survival (OS) was 28% and 15% respectively for all MM in 2007-2009, rising to 46% and 35% for 2014-2015 (logrank p&lt;0.001; adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.49,0.63)). Survival gains were largely in the subset treated primarily systemically, where new drugs were increasingly utilized (2-year OS 16% 2007-2009 vs. 44% 2014-2015 logrank p&lt;0.001; AHR 0.46, 95% CI: (0.38,0.56)).&#x0D; Conclusion/ImplicationsUtilization of systemic therapy for MM has increased considerably in routine practice during 2007-2015; at least some of this increase relates to use of novel agents since 2011. In line with randomized trial findings, new drug adoption was associated with substantial increases in population-based MM survival.