gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gastric Juice Prostaglandins and Peptide Growth Factors as Potential Markers of Chronic Atrophic Gastritis, Intestinal Metaplasia and Gastric Cancer: Their Potential Clinical Implications Based on this Pilot Study (2011)

Testing the gastric juice for PGE(2), EGF, and TGFα in patients with endoscopy and biopsy proven CAG, may be helpful in follow up of patients who may potentially progress to IM and ultimately AdCa. This could be considered as an adjunct to histologic assessment especially that even the best surveillance biopsy specimen regimens are inherited with sampling errors.
Synthesis of 6-Oxaellipticine, 5,11-Dimethylbenzofuro[2,3-g]isoquinoline, and related heterocycles (1969)

6-Oxaellipticine, 5,11-dimethylbenzofuro[2,3-g]isoquinoline, has been synthesized by a three-step procedure from 1,4-dimethyldibenzofuran utilizing a Pomeranz-Fritsch cyclization. The structures of the intermediate 2-formyl-1,4-dimethyldibenzofuran and of 6-oxaellipticine were confirmed by application of the nuclear Overhauser effect. The parent heterocycle, benzofuro[2,3-g]isoquinoline, has been prepared similarly from dibenzofuran, and this product converted successively into 2-methylbenzofuro[2,3-g]isoquinolinium iodide, 2-methyl-1,2,3,4- tetra-hydrobenzofuro[2,3-g]isoquinoline, and 2-methyl-1-oxo-1,2,3,4- tetrahydrobenzofuro-[2,3-g]isoquinoline. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Benzothieno[3,2-h]isoquinoline has been prepared from 4- formyldibenzo-thiophen formed together with the 2-formyl derivative by reaction of dibenzothiophen with dichloromethyl methyl ether in the presence of stannic chloride.
Primed in situ labelling detection of 5S rDNA sequences in normal and androgenetic rainbow trout (2003)

Sex genotypes in mature androgenetic and control rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were determined using primed in situ labelling (PRINS) detection of 5S rDNA sequences on the X chromosomes. Three sex genotypes, corresponding to phenotypic sex, were revealed: female XX, male XY and supermale YY.
THE SYNTHESIS OF BETA-GALACTO- AND BETA-GLUCOPYRANOSYL DISACCHARIDES BY SPOROBOLOMYCES SINGULARIS, (1964)

Synthesis of beta-D-galactopyranosyl disaccharides takes place in growing cultures of Sporobolomyces singularis containing lactose and a sugar acceptor. The products of galactosyl transfer using various acceptors arise mainly from substitution of secondary rather than primary hydroxyl groups. The minimal structural requirement for reaction with the acceptor appears to be a hydroxyl vicinal to the substituted hydroxyl group. A mechanism that accounts for the formation of secondary disaccharides is postulated. The organism also contains a beta-glucosidase which transfer Obeta-D-glucopyranosyl groups from cellobiose to sugar acceptors. The positions of the glycosidic linkages in the disaccharide products are identical with those formed in the corresponding galactosyl transfer reaction. (Author)
A prototype of optical proximity sensor based on RORS (1986)

Abstract In an effort to develop a practical implementation of the RORS (Riken Optical Range Sensing Method), a prototype was developed. An evaluation was performed with this prototype in combination with an Integrated Circuit intended for use in an auto‐focus camera. The sensor was developed for use in noncontact robot sensor applications and is thus compact, low cost, and easily available. This sensor system consists of a head section and a processing/display section. The size of the sensor head section is 16 mm in dia and 23.5 mm in length, and is capable of measuring the distance from top of the sensor head to a target in 0–6 mm range. The distance signal is obtained as a dc voltage of 90 mV/mm and a digital signal which divides the measuring range into eight levels is also available.
The status of pelvic floor muscle training for women (2013)

There is no consensus on the amount of exercise necessary toimprove pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function. We reviewed thepathophysiology of PFM dysfunction and the evolution of PFMtraining regimens since Kegel introduced the concept of pelvic floorawareness and the benefits of strength. This paper also describesthe similarities and differences between PFM and other musculargroups, reviews the physiology of muscle contraction and principlesof muscle fitness and exercise benefits and presents the rangeof protocols designed to strengthen the PFM and improve function.We also discuss the potential application of new technologyand methodologies. The design of PFM training logically requiresmultiple factors to be considered in each patient. Research thatdefines measures to objectively quantify the degree of dysfunctionand the efficacy of training would be beneficial. The applicationof new technologies may help this process.Il n’existe aucun consensus concernant la quantité d’exercicerequis pour améliorer la fonction du muscle du plancher pelvien(MPP). Nous avons examiné la physiopathologie d’un mauvaisfonctionnement du MPP et l’évolution des plans d’entraînement dece muscle depuis que Kegel a introduit le concept de la prise deconscience du MPP et les avantages de son renforcement. L’articledécrit également les similitudes et les différences entre le MPP etd’autres groupes musculaires, passe en revue la physiologie descontractions musculaires et les principes de bon fonctionnementmusculaire et les avantages liés à l’exercice. Nous présentons aussidivers protocoles visant à renforcer le MPP et à en améliorer lefonctionnement, ainsi que l’application potentielle de nouvellestechnologies et méthodologies. Le plan d’entraînement du MPPnécessite en toute logique la prise en compte de multiples facteursselon les patients. Des études cherchant à définir les mesures àutiliser pour quantifier de manière objective le niveau de dysfonctionet l’efficacité de l’entraînement seraient utiles. L’application denouvelles technologies pourrait contribuer à cet objectif.
DETERMINATION OF THE SUGAR COMPOSITION OF WORT AND BEER BY GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (1967)

The Gas Liquid Chromatographic Method for the separation of sugars has been developed to provide a routine quantitative determination of the sugar components in beer and wort, and in sugar-containing brewing adjuncts. Samples for test are dried under vacuum and converted to volatile trimethylsilyl (T.M.S.) derivatives which are suitable for analysis. The peak areas of the sugars are corrected to an internal standard and the concentrations calculated by applying the appropriate detector response factors. By the use of the method, the quantitative determination of fructose, glucose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose in samples can be accomplished at a rate of 6–7 complete analyses per working day with the expenditure of comparatively little actual operator time.
Elementary atomic physics (2015)

Abstract This chapter applies quantum mechanics and its approximations to some elementary atomic physics questions. It also applies the so-called Hartree–Fock approximation and discuss how one can go beyond it. It also discusses spin–orbit coupling and how to fully characterize the atomic states.
The immunopathogenesis of Borna disease virus infection (2002)

Borna disease virus (BDV) infection represents an excellent model system to study immunopathological mechanisms based on a T cell-mediated immune reaction in the central nervous system. The single-stranded RNA Borna disease virus, a member of Bornaviridae in the order of Mononegavirale, lacks cytopathogenicity both in vitro and in vivo. After experimental infection BDV causes a persistent infection of the central nervous system and induces Borna disease, an immune-mediated encephalomyelitis. The infiltrating immune cells have been characterized as CD4-positive, CD8-positive T-cells, macrophages and B cells. CD8-positive T cells represent the effector cell population exhibiting antigen specificity for the nucleoprotein.
Abstract 466: Protein Phosphatase 2A and c-Myc as Intracellular Messengers in the Natriuretic Renal Dopaminergic System (2013)

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) is known to negatively regulate the dopamine-1 receptor (D 1 R) in human renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC) leading to reduced sodium excretion. c-Myc is a transcription factor involved in positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4). Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibits c-Myc by dephosphorylating a residue that normally stabilizes c-Myc. We have previously shown that stimulation of the natriuretic D 1 R in RPTC led to an increased ratio of PP2A/c-Myc binding. Treatment with PMA (protein kinase C inhibitor) led to a decreased PP2A/c-Myc ratio and a lack of cAMP accumulation after stimulation with fenoldopam (FEN, D 1 R agonist). We hypothesized that PP2A plays a key role in regulating natriuresis and that perturbation of PP2A would directly have effects on protein levels of c-Myc, the ratio of PP2A/c-Myc, and the accumulation of cAMP. We used normal RPTCs (nRPTC) and RPTCs that have an uncoupled D 1 R that no longer stimulates adenylyl cyclase (uRPTC). Inhibition of PP2A in uRPTCs with okadaic acid (OA, 100nM, 3 hr) caused an increase in c-Myc protein levels (97.8% ± 18.9 SEM; n=6; p&lt;0.05 (1.44 / 0.73 RFU)), a decrease in the PP2A/c-Myc ratio (-81.8% ± 1.5 SEM; n=6; p&lt;0.05 (1.42 /7.82 RFU)), and a lack of cAMP accumulation upon treatment with SKF38393 (a D 1 R agonist similar to FEN). Activation of PP2A with FTY720 (PP2A activator, 10μM, 3hr) caused a decrease in c-Myc protein levels (- 85.4% ± 2.3 SEM; n=6; p&lt;0.005 (0.11/ 0.73 RFU)), an increase in the PP2A/c-Myc binding ratio by 345.3% ± 90.3 SEM; n=6; p&lt;0.01 (34.82/ 7.82 RFU), and an increase in cAMP accumulation upon stimulation with SKF38393 (94.0% ± 12.4 SEM; n=3; p&lt;0.05 (9.04/4.66 pmole cAMP/mg protein) compared to VEH. In summary, the D 1 R coupling defect found in uRPTCs was restored through activation of PP2A and inhibition of c-Myc. We conclude that PP2A interacts with c-Myc to regulate the natriuretic effect of the D 1 R providing additional insight into the intracellular regulatory events surrounding sodium excretion.
Mechanisms of MPEG stream synchronization (1994)

Media synchronization is an important issue in developing multimedia applications. MPEG is an international standard for coding moving pictures and associated audio for multimedia applications. Coded audio, video and other data streams are multiplexed into an MPEG stream. We introduce the syntax of the multiplexed MPEG stream and explain the mechanisms used to maintain media synchronization in a hypothetical model, system target decoder, in which it is assumed that data transfer and decoding are carried out instantaneously. Then we propose extensions to these mechnisms to achieve MPEG stream synchronization in a practical decoder.
The Challenges of Scanner Data (1995)

Data capture at point of sale, using laser scanning technology, is now commonplace in retail outlets in developed economies. The volume of data collected is enormous (a single UK grocery superstore carries over 15 000 different lines, each with a unique 13 digit barcode and will sell 600 000 items per week). It has been recognized that, where point of sale data can be translated into meaningful information, there is scope for efficiency savings and exploitable competitive advantage. In UK grocery retailing the uses of scanner data have concentrated on operational aspects such as improved ordering systems and staff scheduling. There have, however, been many recent studies, predominantly in the USA, which have examined, using scanner data, the relationship between marketing variables (price, display, advertising, coupons, and other promotions) and customer purchasing behaviour. This paper presents an overview of these studies and identifies the opportunities for operational researchers to further the understanding of such relationships through modelling and data handling.
Improved Recovery of Carbonate Reservoir by Optimizing Acidizing Strategy; Coupled Wellbore, Reservoir, and Geomechanical Analysis (2017)

Abstract One of the sources of damage in stimulated carbonate rock is the loss of near wellbore formation compressive strength which may results in casing collapse under extreme conditions. Field studies have shown that the failure of acidized rock may cause damage and thereby negatively impact production. In this work, an integrated analysis workflow is presented to simulate acid placement in carbonate reservoirs and model stimulated rock behavior during the productive lifetime of the well. The workflow is utilized to design a unique approach to horizontal wellbore acidizing and optimize the strategy to maximize hydrocarbon recovery. The presented workflow is based on the interaction between the distributions of reactive fluid along a wellbore, a two scale continuum model to simulate porosity evolution during stimulation, and stimulated rock performance during production time. The model first simulates stimulation fluid movement in the wellbore and couples it with transient reservoir flow. The primary analysis provides the distribution of reactive fluid along the well. The rock dissolution at each section of reservoir is then analyzed by continuum two-scale model (pore-scale and Darcy scale). This analysis presents porosity evolution at different locations along the well and at different radial distance from the wellbore center. Then, the developed geomechanical engine simulates the weakened rock under the in-situ stresses and bottom-hole pressure and predicts any possible compressional or shear failure. The effect of rock failure is then considered on the production prediction. The workflow is best used to analyze and optimize acid stimulation for a horizontal well. The analysis results show that the induced wormholes are stable and open since reservoir depletion increases the effective mean stress. At the elevated mean effective stress, wormholes or pores start to collapse and the failure extended away from near wellbore region and neutralized the stimulation effects. Since in the acid treated zone the rock is softened, the stress concentration around the wellbore might extended more into the reservoir. Analyzing this phenomenon showed that at a certain level of lowered stress concentration extension, in other words at certain strength and volume of acid, the wormhole can be stable and open during expected production time. Furthermore, the coupled analysis also demonstrates that at specific environment, the wormholes penetrated further into the rock, longer than possible induced failure. The workflow can be used to determine how weak or strong the acid should be at specific environmental condition to have longer life for the induced wormholes and hence extra hydrocarbon recovery.
Nanoscale (111) faceted rock-salt metal oxides in catalysis (2012)

Facet-specific growth is highly desirable for catalysts, as conversion and selectivity can be altered with increasing amounts of particular active sites. The (100) surface of a rock-salt structure is comprised of alternating oxygen anions and metal cations, similar to the (110) facet. The (111) surface differs substantially in that an ideal (111) surface would consist solely of oxygen anions or metal cations, and cannot exist as-is. However, wet chemical syntheses of MgO(111) and NiO(111) have recently been reported; theory and experiments show the (111) surface is stabilized as a hydroxylated surface. These (111) faceted metal oxides exhibit catalytic properties that differ significantly from their (100) counterparts. Here, we discuss the theory and performance of the (111) rock-salt metal oxides in catalysis, as supports, and as adsorbents.
Flux creep and critcal-current anisotropy inBi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (1989)

We have studied magnetic relaxation, temperature dependence of the critical currents, magnetic irreversibility, and lower critical fields in single crystals of the high-${T}_{c}$ superconductor ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ (idealized composition) through magnetization measurements. The results are analyzed within the framework of the critical state and a thermally activated flux-creep model. The results indicate three different critical curents and flux-creep rates depending on the relative orientation of the current, the field, and the Cu-O planes. The flux-creep rate for flux lines moving perpendicular to the planes, was found to be unobservably low. Similarly, the critical current density perpendicular to the planes was very low. However the critical current density in the plane and the flux-pinning well depth ${U}_{0}$, for fluxon motion parallel to the planes, are similar to the values found in Y-Ba-Cu-O. Implications of insulating layers between the Cu-O planes are discussed.
Development Status of Thick Film Photoresist for Semiconductor Packaging (2005)

In recent years, the demand of thick film photoresists for both copper metal posts and solder bump has been rising for Wafer Level Chip Size Package (WL-CSP) applications. The polymerizing negative tone photoresist, typified by Dry-film photoresist, for metal post applications is currently the mainstream method, but difficulty in removal, thickness selectivity, scaling of chip size and high definition requirements has made the development of a positive tone photoresist for thick film application a necessity. However, the sensitization of a conventional DNQ positive tone photoresist system was difficult due to the nature of the reaction mechanism. In order to meet these requirements, a study was made with a new approach with a positive tone chemically amplified photoresist system, and will be explained in detail in this paper. In general, DNQ type thick photoresist for plating process is developed from the positive tone photoresist platform for semiconductor application through optimization of resist composition and improvement of cracking during the plating process through addition of plasticizers. Inherent performance or compatibility issues with the conventional plasticizer in positive tone chemically amplified photoresist have lead to the development of plasticizer with protecting group. This modification of composition has improved the photoresist for cracks and swelling of bumps after plating. This is the first chemically amplified photo resist designed for use in the consumer product manufacturing industry.
The Relationship between Mechanical and Electrical Dyssynchrony (2016)

The new QRS electrical depolarization map concept that is based on the processing of high frequencies in the QRS complex was introduced. The QRS electrical depolarization maps were derived from standard 12-lead ECG electrode placement and mechanical initiation maps were obtained using speckle tracking echocardiography of the left ventricle from 6 subjects suffering from left bundle branch block.
Oocyte and somatic 5S ribosomal RNA and 5S RNA encoding genes in Xenopus tropicalis (1988)

We have investigated the structure of oocyte and somatic 5S ribosomal RNA and of 5S RNA encoding genes in Xenopus tropicalis. The sequences of the two 5S RNA families differ in four positions, but only one of these substitutions, a C to U transition in position 79 within the internal control region of the corresponding 5S RNA encoding genes, is a distinguishing characteristic of all Xenopus somatic and oocyte 5S RNAs characterized to date, including those from Xenopus laevis and Xenopus borealis. 5S RNA genes in Xenopus tropicalis are organized in clusters of multiple repeats of a 264 base pair unit; the structural and functional organization of the Xenopus tropicalis oocyte 5S gene is similar to the somatic but distinct from the oocyte 5S DNA in Xenopus laevis and Xenopus borealis. A comparative sequence analysis reveals the presence of a strictly conserved pentamer motif AAAGT in the 5'-flanking region of Xenopus 5S genes which we demonstrate in a separate communication to serve as a binding signal for an upstream stimulatory factor.
Measurements of exciton diffusion in conjugated polymers (2009)

The exciton diffusion length, which is the distance an exciton can diffuse in its lifetime, is an important parameter that has a critical impact on the operation of many organic optoelectronic devices, including organic solar cells, light emitting diodes and lasers. Knowledge of the exciton diffusion length can be a powerful aid for the design and optimisation of these devices. This thesis details the development of techniques based on time-resolved fluorescence for measuring the exciton diffusion in organic semiconductors. Two main methods were used to investigate exciton diffusion in the conjugated polymers P3HT, MEH-PPV and F8BT: the surface quenching technique and exciton-exciton annihilation. In particular, the surface quenching technique was adapted to avoid some of the potential pitfalls that have plagued earlier measurements. Using a titania quencher, measurements were performed using the surface quenching technique and fitted with an exciton diffusion model, allowing the calculation of the exciton diffusion length. Results from measurements of the exciton-exciton annihilation rate, which is a diffusion controlled process, where in good agreement with those from surface quenching, confirming the robustness of this twofold approach. A novel method for the control of the β-phase conformation in PFO films was used to produce films containing varying concentrations of β-phase. Exciton-exciton annihilation was used to investigate exciton diffusion in these films, revealing a gradual rise with increasing β-phase fraction due to improved interconnectivity. This work demonstrates how simple processing techniques can be used to control both film morphology and the exciton diffusion. The thickness dependence of the photoluminescence lifetime in conjugated polymers is a phenomenon that has so far received little attention and, thus, remained unexplained. This study demonstrates that it is not due to exciton quenching by external factors, but can be explained by a change in the morphology with decreasing film thickness.
A Parametric Approach to the Optimization-Based Design of Compliant Mechanisms (1997)

Abstract Several optimization-based strategies have been proposed for compliant mechanism design that do not rely on the experience or intuition of the designer. This paper demonstrates an optimization-based method wherein compliant mechanisms are modeled parametrically within an optimization and a finite element analysis package. Topological optimization is performed to minimize an objective function representing the fitness of the design. This methodology exploits the nonlinear nature of compliant mechanisms and augments optimization-based methods previously proposed. Using this method, constant-force mechanisms optimized for a displacement from 4% to 25% of the mechanism’s total length were predicted to remain within 3.58% of constant force. Results from the testing of fabricated mechanisms are: for 4–25% displacement, within 7.5% constant force; for 18–65% displacement, within 2.3%. Path generation mechanisms were designed with similarly encouraging results.