gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ZEMFA: Zero-Effort Multi-Factor Authentication based on Multi-Modal Gait Biometrics (2019)

In this paper, we consider the problem of transparently authenticating a user to a local terminal (e.g., a desktop computer) as she approaches towards the terminal. Given its appealing usability, such zero-effort authentication has already been deployed in the real-world where a computer terminal or a vehicle can be unlocked by the mere proximity of an authentication token (e.g., a smartphone). However, existing systems based on a single authentication factor contains one major security weakness - unauthorized physical access to the token, e.g., during lunch-time or upon theft, allows the attacker to have unfettered access to the terminal. We introduce ZEMFA, a zero-effort multi-factor authentication system based on multiple authentication tokens and multi-modal behavioral biometrics. Specifically, ZEMFA utilizes two types of authentication tokens, a smartphone and a smartwatch (or a bracelet) and two types of gait patterns captured by these tokens, mid/lower body movements measured by the phone and wrist/arm movements captured by the watch. Since a user's walking or gait pattern is believed to be unique, only that user (no impostor) would be able to gain access to the terminal even when the impostor is given access to both of the authentication tokens. We present the design and implementation of ZEMFA. We demonstrate that ZEMFA offers a high degree of detection accuracy, based on multi-sensor and multi-device fusion. We also show that ZEMFA can resist active attacks that attempt to mimic a user's walking pattern, especially when multiple devices are used.
Ultrasonic relaxation of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) and dextran in aqueous solution (1983)

The ultrasonic relaxation spectra of the polymers dextran and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) have been studied in aqueous solution over the frequency range 1–100 MHz. A range of molecular weights and concentrations were used to span dilute and semi-dilute solution conditions (0.44 < c[η] < 11). The results indicate that the relaxation spectra can be resolved into two components, one associated with the viscoelastic normal mode of the polymer chain and the other a significant contribution associated with more local conformational changes within chain segments.
Novel WDM-PON Architecture Based on a Spectrally Efficient IM-FSK Scheme Using DMLs and RSOAs (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper proposes a wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network architecture with colorless user terminals based on the use of a different modulation scheme for each way of communication. Narrow-frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation obtained by direct modulation of a distributed feedback laser has been used for the downstream channel, and intensity modulation has been used for the upstream channel. The performance of a link based on this scheme has been assessed, with particular emphasis on the description of the narrow-FSK modulation technique and its range of applicability in terms of bit rates and power levels. The operation of the architecture is demonstrated by simultaneously transmitting Ethernet frames at 1.25 Gb/s (gigabit Ethernet) in both the upstream and downstream channels. Error rates for downstream and upstream channels show excellent performance for distances up to 50 km. </para>
Nonparametric Bayesian Dictionary Learning for Analysis of Noisy and Incomplete Images (2011)

Nonparametric Bayesian methods are considered for recovery of imagery based upon compressive, incomplete, and/or noisy measurements. A truncated beta-Bernoulli process is employed to infer an appropriate dictionary for the data under test and also for image recovery. In the context of compressive sensing, significant improvements in image recovery are manifested using learned dictionaries, relative to using standard orthonormal image expansions. The compressive-measurement projections are also optimized for the learned dictionary. Additionally, we consider simpler (incomplete) measurements, defined by measuring a subset of image pixels, uniformly selected at random. Spatial interrelationships within imagery are exploited through use of the Dirichlet and probit stick-breaking processes. Several example results are presented, with comparisons to other methods in the literature.
Accurate Central Venous Port-A Catheter Placement: Intravenous Electrocardiography and Surface Landmark Techniques Compared by Using Transesophageal Echocardiography (2004)

Intravenous electrocardiography guidance to position catheters obtains a satisfactory catheter tip placement that is in accordance with transesophageal echocardiography views. The surface landmark technique does not result in reliable placement at the superior vena cava-right atrium junction.
Theory of Truncation Resonances in Continuum Rod‐Based Phononic Crystals with Generally Asymmetric Unit Cells (2023)

Abstract Phononic crystals exhibit Bragg bandgaps, frequency regions within which wave propagation is forbidden. In solid continua, bandgaps are the outcome of destructive interferences resulting from periodically alternating material layers. Under certain conditions, natural frequencies emerge within these bandgaps in the form of high‐amplitude localized vibrations near a structural boundary, referred to as truncation resonances. In this paper, the vibrational spectrum of finite phononic crystals which take the form of a one‐dimensional rod is investigated and the factors that contribute to the origination of truncation resonances are explained. By identifying a unit cell symmetry parameter, a family of finite phononic rods, which share the same dispersion relation, yet distinct truncated forms, is defined. A transfer matrix method is utilized to derive closed‐form expressions of the characteristic equations governing the natural frequencies of the finite system and decipher the truncation resonances emerging across different boundary conditions. The analysis establishes concrete connections between the localized vibrations associated with a truncation resonance, boundary conditions, and the overall configuration of the truncated chain as dictated by unit cell choice. The study provides tools to predict, tune, and selectively design truncation resonances, to meet the demands of various applications that require and uniquely benefit from such truncation resonances.
Role of ADAMTS13 in the management of thrombotic microangiopathies including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) (2013)

The clinical presentation of thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP) and other thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) can often be similar. The role of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) in diagnosing TTP is accepted by most researchers but continues to be debated in a few studies. We report the experience of our single-centre academic institution, where ADAMTS13 is used to diagnose TTP and guide plasma exchange (PLEX). Patients presenting to our institution with thrombotic microangiopathy (60 patients) between January 2006 and December 2012 were divided into two groups based on ADAMTS13 activity and clinical history. Patients with ADAMTS13 activity <10% were included in the TTP (n = 30) cohort while patients with activity >11% were classified as 'other microangiopathies' (TMA, n = 30). PLEX was only initiated in patients with a high likelihood of TTP and discontinued when the baseline ADAMTS13 activity was >11%. Patients with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency (TTP group) showed significant presenting differences: lower platelet counts, less renal dysfunction, higher presence of neurological abnormalities, and greater haemolysis markers as compared to non-deficient patients (TMA group). Most importantly, patients without severe ADAMTS13 deficiency were safely managed without increased mortality despite receiving no PLEX or discontinuing PLEX after a short course (upon availability of ADAMTS13 results). In conclusion, ADAMTS13 can be used to diagnose TTP and guide appropriate PLEX therapy.
Electrochemical Oxygen Production: Catalyst Development to Meet the World’s Oxygen Demands (2011)

Chemical Engineering
Apolipoprotein A-I and Its Role in Lymphocyte Cholesterol Homeostasis and Autoimmunity (2009)

ApoA-I prevented cholesterol-associated lymphocyte activation and proliferation in peripheral LN of diet-fed DKO mice. A approximately 1.5-fold increase in T cell activation and proliferation was associated with a approximately 3-fold increase in concentrations of circulating autoantibodies and approximately 2-fold increase in the severity of atherosclerosis suggesting a common link between plasma apoA-I, inflammation, and atherosclerosis.
Alpha-Galactosylceramide/CD1d-Antibody Fusion Proteins Redirect Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Immunity to Solid Tumors and Promote Prolonged Therapeutic Responses (2017)

Major progress in cancer immunotherapies have been obtained by the use of tumor targeting strategies, in particular with the development of bi-functional fusion proteins such as ImmTacs or BiTes, which engage effector T cells for targeted elimination of tumor cells. Given the significance of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in bridging innate and adaptive immunity, we have developed a bi-functional protein composed of the extracellular part of CD1d molecule that was genetically fused to an scFv fragment from high affinity antibodies against HER2 or CEA. Systemic treatments with the CD1d-antitumor fusion proteins loaded with the agonist alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) led to specific iNKT cell activation, resulting in a sustained growth inhibition of established tumors expressing HER2 or CEA, while treatment with the free αGalCer was ineffective. Importantly, we discovered that αGalCer/CD1d-antitumor fusion proteins were able to maintain iNKT cells reactive to multiple re-stimulations in contrast to their anergic state induced after a single injection of free αGalCer. We further demonstrated that the antitumor effects by αGalCer/CD1d-antitumor fusion proteins were largely dependent on the iNKT cell-mediated transactivation of NK cells. Moreover, prolonged antitumor effects could be obtained when combining the CD1d-antitumor fusion protein treatment with a therapeutic peptide/CpG cancer vaccine, which favored the capacity of iNKT cells to transactivate cross-presenting DCs for efficient priming of tumor-specific CD8 T cells. We will also summarize these pre-clinical results with a special focus on the cellular mechanisms underlying iNKT cell unresponsiveness to antigen re-challenge. Finally, we will discuss the perspectives regarding iNKT cell-mediated tumor targeting strategy in cancer immunotherapy.
Articular cartilage restoration with costal cartilage previously fused with bone. (2003)

A novel procedure was developed for restoration of an articular cartilage defect using an autologous costal cartilage prepared with iliac bone, and the durability in vivo of this biologic construct was examined. First, an osteochondral complex was prepared (successful preparation, 67 of 80). Cancellous bone blocks isolated from the ilium of male Japanese White rabbits aged 5 months were implanted onto the surface of the costal cartilage before being tied by a pair of 3-0 silk thread sutures that were looped around the costal cartilage from behind. Second, 3 months later, the bone-attached costal cartilage was harvested and implanted into a full-thickness cartilage defect induced in a trochlear groove of the femur. All of the grafts were fixed to the recipient, maintaining its cartilage structure until 6 months (n = 28) and 12 months (n = 12) after implantation. However, when the costal cartilage without any bony portion was implanted into a similarly induced defect, 42% (10 of 24) were detached from the recipient before 12 months after implantation. The nontreated defect did not heal spontaneously to a satisfactory level (n = 12). These findings suggest that an osteochondral fragment, prepared by grafting cancellous bone onto costal cartilage, can be used for articular cartilage restoration.
Evaluation of measures for assessing time-saving of automatic organ-at-risk segmentation in radiotherapy (2019)

Surface DSC and APL are better indicators for contour adaptation time and time-saving when using auto-segmentation and provide more clinically relevant and better quantitative measures for automatically-generated contour quality, compared to commonly-used geometry-based measures.
Histomorphologic Characterization of Noncarious and Caries‐Affected Dentin/Adhesive Interfaces (2006)

The morphologic characteristics of the caries-affected dentin/interface suggest an increase in the exposed collagen zone and a decrease in the quality of the adhesive infiltration when compared with noncarious dentin. The evidence suggests that dentin substrate characteristics have a significant effect on the dentin/adhesive interface structure.
Methanol Oxidaiton over the Nanoscale Supported Tungsten Oxide Catalysts (2011)

Nanoscale supported tungsten oxide catalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal method using γ-Al 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 and CeO 2 as supports with a loading of 5~20% WO 3 on each supports, respectively. The physical properties and structural information were characterized by BET, XRD, ICP-AES and in situ Raman spectroscopy. Raman results confirm that the desired molecular arrangements of the active surface WO x species have been achieved without the presence of the crystalline WO 3 phase. The reactivity/selectivity of the supported WO x catalysts are chemically probed with steady-state methanol oxidation reaction. The catalytic results of methanol oxidation reaction have revealed that the acid sites are present on the surface of WO x /Al 2 O 3 , WO x /Nb 2 O 5 , WO x /TiO 2 and WO x /ZrO 2 catalysts for the mainly production of dimethylether (DME), and redox sites have only present on the surface of the WO x /CeO 2 catalysts for the oxidation production of formaldehyde (HCHO). In addition, the WO x /CeO 2 catalysts possesses the high redox reactivity and the WO x /Al 2 O 3 catalyst possesses the highest acid reactivity.
Molecular basis of hemophilia B: a defective enzyme due to an unprocessed propeptide is caused by a point mutation in the factor IX precursor. (1986)

A mutant factor IX, designated factor IXCambridge, was isolated from a patient with hemophilia B. This protein includes an 18-residue propeptide attached to the NH2 terminus of factor IX. A point mutation at residue -1, from an arginine to a serine, precludes cleavage of the propeptide by a processing protease and interferes with gamma-carboxylation of the factor IX, indicating the importance of the leader sequence in substrate recognition by the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. This represents an example of an enzyme defect due to the presence of a point mutation in a precursor protein (preproenzyme) that is the cause of a human hereditary disease. This defect will serve as a prototype for understanding the molecular basis of some forms of hemophilia and other hereditary enzyme deficiencies.
Prospective reliability of the STRokE DOC Wireless/Site Independent Telemedicine System (2005)

The authors evaluated a site-independent telemedicine system. Telemedicine may be limited by the need for fixed connectivity. Wireless and site-independent technologies eliminate this limitation. Twenty-five stroke patients underwent evaluations by remote and bedside examiners. Ten of 15 (67%) NIH Stroke Scale and 9 of 11 (82%) Modified NIH Stroke Scale items showed excellent interrater reliability. Spearman correlations were > or =0.93. This Internet system is reliable and valid. Further studies should assess its use in acute stroke.
VSIG-variable speed integrated generating set for telecommunication application (2001)

This paper is focused on the industrial development of a novel type variable speed power generating system that can be used for the supply of electrical loads in the range 10 kVA to 100 kVA. Variable-speed-integrated-generating (VSIG) sets consist of a diesel engine, an axial type permanent magnet generator and high frequency power converter that is IGBT based. The axial type PMG has proved to be the best candidate for variable speed application. The power to weight ratio of the set is significantly more than traditional sets incorporating a wound field synchronous generator. Mechanical integration of the generator and engine must consider torque pulsation and axial thrust. The unique feature of the control system is the control algorithm which ensures fast response of the system to load application and accurate mapping of engine torque with load current.
Free‐breathing cine imaging with motion‐corrected reconstruction at 3T using SPiral Acquisition with Respiratory correction and Cardiac Self‐gating (SPARCS) (2019)

SPARCS successfully images cardiac function without the need for ECG gating or breath-holding. With an 8-second data acquisition per slice, whole-heart cine images with clinically acceptable spatial and temporal resolution and image quality can be acquired in <90 seconds of free-breathing acquisition.
The penicillin sensory transducer, BlaR, involved in the inducibility of β‐lactamase synthesis in Bacillus licheniformis is embedded in the plasma membrane via a four‐α‐helix bundle (1997)

Prediction studies, conformational analyses and membrane-topology mapping lead to the conclusion that the penicillin sensory transducer, BlaR, involved in the inducibility of beta-lactamase synthesis in Bacillus licheniformis, is embedded in the plasma membrane bilayer via four transmembrane segments TM1-TM4 that form a four-alpha-helix bundle. The extracellular 262-amino-acid-residue polypeptide, S340-R601, that is fused at the carboxy end of TM4, possesses the amino acid sequence signature of a penicilloyl serine transferase. It probably functions as penicillin sensor. As an independent entity, this polypeptide behaves as a high-affinity penicillin-binding protein. As a component of the full-size BlaR, it adopts a different conformation presumably because of interactions with the extracellular 63-amino-acid-residue P53-S115 loop that connects TM2 and TM3. Reception of the penicillin-induced signal requires a precise conformation of the sensor but it does not involve penicilloylation of the serine residue S402 of motif STYK. Signal transmission through the plasma membrane by the four-alpha-helix bundle may proceed in a way comparable to that of the aspartate receptor, Tar. Signal emission in the cytosol by the intracellular 189-amino-acid-residue Y134-K322 loop that connects TM3 and TM4, may proceed via the activation of a putative metallopeptidase.
Current drug discovery strategies against arenavirus infections (2012)

Arenaviruses are a large group of emerging viruses including several causative agents of severe hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality in man. Considering the number of people affected and the currently limited therapeutic options, novel efficacious therapeutics against arenaviruses are urgently needed. Over the past decade, significant advances in knowledge about the basic virology of arenaviruses have been accompanied by the development of novel therapeutics targeting different steps of the arenaviral life cycle. High-throughput, small-molecule screens identified potent and broadly active inhibitors of arenavirus entry that were instrumental for the dissection of unique features of arenavirus fusion. Novel inhibitors of arenavirus replication have been successfully tested in animal models and hold promise for application in humans. Late in the arenavirus life cycle, the proteolytic processing of the arenavirus envelope glycoprotein precursor and cellular factors critically involved virion assembly and budding provide further promising 'druggable' targets for novel therapeutics to combat human arenavirus infection.
Quinoxalines. XXIII. : Reaction of 2-Chloroquinoxaline with Nucleophiles (1988)

2-Chloroquinoxaline (I) reacted with NaI, sodium benzenesulfinate, sodium p-toluenesulfinate or KSCN to afford 2-iodoquinoxaline (V), 2-phenylsulfonylquinoxaline (IX), 2-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylquinoxaline (X) or 2-quinoxalinyl thiocyanate (XVII) in good yield, respectively. Cyano and nitro groups were interduced into 2-position of quinoxaline in low yield by using of KCN and AgNO2.
Treatment of wounds and burns with honey (2001)

There has been a renaissance in recent times in the use of honey, an ancient and traditional wound dressing, for the treatment of wounds, burns and skin ulcers. In the past decade there have been case studies, experiments using animal models and randomised controlled clinical trials that provide a large body of evidence for its effectiveness and biomedical research that explains how honey produces good results. As a dressing on wounds, honey provides a moist healing environment, rapidly clears infection and deodorises, and reduces inflammation, oedema and exudation. Honey increases the rate of healing stimulation of angiogenesis, granulation and epithelialisation, making skin grafting unnecessary and giving excellent cosmetic results. (author abstract)
T cell-induced inflammation of the small and large intestine in immunodeficient mice (2005)

It is well known that transfer of CD4+CD45RBhigh (naïve) T cells into syngeneic lymphocyte-deficient mice induces chronic colitis. However, no studies have reported the presence of small bowel inflammation in this T cell-dependent model. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate and compare small and large bowel inflammation induced by transfer of naïve T cells into two different immunodeficient recipient mice. T and B cell-deficient recombinase activating gene 1-deficient [RAG knockout (KO)] and T cell-deficient T cell receptor-beta x T cell receptor-delta double-deficient (TCR KO) mice were reconstituted with wild-type naïve T cells and observed for signs of disease. We found that reconstituted RAG KO mice developed moderate to severe colitis and inflammation of the entire small intestine at 6-8 wk after T cell transfer. Adoptive transfer of naïve T cells into TCR KO mice induced a milder form of chronic colitis and small bowel inflammation that was confined primarily to the duodenum at 10-12 wk after T cell transfer. T helper cell 1 and macrophage-derived proinflammatory cytokine mRNA levels correlated well with the localization and severity of the chronic large and small bowel inflammation. In addition, we observed comparable homing and expansion of donor lymphocytes in the gut and secondary lymphoid tissues of both recipients. Taken together, our data demonstrate that transfer of naïve T cells into immunodeficient recipient mice induces both chronic small and large bowel inflammation and that the presence of B cells in the TCR KO recipients may play a role in regulating chronic intestinal inflammation.
Efficient Enumeration Algorithms for Annotated Grammars (2022)

We introduce annotated grammars, an extension of context-free grammars which allows annotations on terminals. Our model extends the standard notion of regular spanners, and is more expressive than the extraction grammars recently introduced by Peterfreund. We study the enumeration problem for annotated grammars: fixing a grammar, and given a string as input, enumerate all annotations of the string that form a word derivable from the grammar. Our first result is an algorithm for unambiguous annotated grammars, which preprocesses the input string in cubic time and enumerates all annotations with output-linear delay. This improves over Peterfreund's result, which needs quintic time preprocessing to achieve this delay bound. We then study how we can reduce the preprocessing time while keeping the same delay bound, by making additional assumptions on the grammar. Specifically, we present a class of grammars which only have one derivation shape for all outputs, for which we can enumerate with quadratic time preprocessing. We also give classes that generalize regular spanners for which linear time preprocessing suffices.