gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Electron Beam-Induced Transformations in Colloidal Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals (2017)

An increasing number of studies have recently reported the rapid degradation of hybrid and all-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals under electron beam irradiation in the transmission electron microscope, with the formation of nanometer size, high contrast particles. The nature of these nanoparticles and the involved transformations in the perovskite nanocrystals are still a matter of debate. Herein, we have studied the effects of high energy (80/200 keV) electron irradiation on colloidal cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>) nanocrystals with different shapes and sizes, especially 3 nm thick nanosheets, a morphology that facilitated the analysis of the various ongoing processes. Our results show that the CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals undergo a radiolysis process, with electron stimulated desorption of a fraction of bromine atoms and the reduction of a fraction of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions to Pb<sup>0</sup>. Subsequently Pb<sup>0</sup> atoms diffuse and aggregate, giving rise to the high contrast particles, as previously reported by various groups. The diffusion is facilitated by both high temperature and electron beam irradiation. The early stage Pb nanoparticles are epitaxially bound to the parent CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> lattice, and evolve into nonepitaxially bound Pb crystals upon further irradiation, leading to local amorphization and consequent dismantling of the CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> lattice. The comparison among CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals with various shapes and sizes evidences that the damage is particularly pronounced at the corners and edges of the surface, due to a lower diffusion barrier for Pb<sup>0</sup> on the surface than inside the crystal and the presence of a larger fraction of under-coordinated atoms.
Body macronutrient composition is predicted by lipid and not protein content of the diet (2017)

Diet is an important determinant of fitness-related traits including growth, reproduction, and survival. Recent work has suggested that variation in protein:lipid ratio and particularly the amount of protein in the diet is a key nutritional parameter. However, the traits that mediate the link between dietary macronutrient ratio and fitness-related traits are less well understood. An obvious candidate is body composition, given its well-known link to health. Here, we investigate the relationship between dietary and body macronutrient composition using a first-generation laboratory population of a freshwater fish, the three-spine stickleback (<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>). Carbohydrate is relatively unimportant in the diet of predatory fish, facilitating the exploration of how dietary protein-to-lipid ratio affects their relative deposition in the body. We find a significant effect of lipid intake, rather than protein, on body protein:lipid ratio. Importantly, this was not a result of absorbing macronutrients in relation to their relative abundance in the diet, as the carcass protein:lipid ratios differed from those of the diets, with ratios usually lower in the body than in the diet. This indicates that individuals can moderate their utilization, or uptake, of ingested macronutrients to reach a target balance within the body. We found no effect of diet on swimming endurance, activity, or testes size. However, there was an effect of weight on testes size, with larger males having larger testes. Our results provide evidence for the adjustment of body protein:lipid ratio away from that of the diet. As dietary lipid intake was the key determinant of body composition, we suggest this occurs via metabolism of excess protein, which conflicts with the predictions of the protein leverage hypothesis. These results could imply that the conversion and excretion of protein is one of the causes of the survival costs associated with high-protein diets.
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF NEW HIGHLY UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS, C26H40O2 AND C26H42O2, IN TUNNY OIL (1936)

Abstract The mixed liquid acids obtained from the sample oil by cooling were converted into methyl esters which were fractionally distilled under a diminished pressure of 4 mm. From the highest boiling fraction, the authors separated a new highly unsaturated acid C26H40O2((Remark: Graphics omitted.)6) and also detected the occurrence of another new acid C26H42O2 ((Remark: Graphics omitted.)5) besides scoliodonic acid (C24H33O), nisinic acid (C24H36O2) and clupanodonic acid (C22H34O2). The present authors propose the names “thynnic acid” for the acid C26H40O2 and “shibic acid” for the acid C26H42O2.
Prospective evaluation of a new patient decision aid to enhance prostate cancer screening decision-making. (2019)

87 Background: We previously developed screening nomograms to predict 15-year risk of all-cause mortality, prostate cancer diagnosis, and prostate cancer mortality, and incorporated them into a graphical patient decision aid (PtDA). Our objective was to prospectively recruit primary care patients interested in shared-decision making regarding prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening and assess the impact of individualized counseling using our new PtDA. Methods: 50 patients from one internal medicine practice were enrolled in a single-arm sequential trial design, with face-to-face clinician counseling and questionnaires. Eligibility criteria included men age 50-69 years old and life expectancy &gt; 10 years. Patients were excluded for a personal history of prostate cancer or PSA screening within the prior year. Participants completed baseline questionnaires regarding prior PSA testing, demographic information, health literacy, and the Control Preferences Scale (CPS). They then received standardized counseling (based on large trial and epidemiologic data) regarding PSA screening, followed by individualized counseling using our new PtDA. Participants then made a screening decision, and completed a post decision questionnaire including a Decisional Conflict Scale. Results: The median age was 60 (IQR 54; 65). 41 (82%) had a prior PSA test, while 9 (18%) had not. 42 (84%) of participants received some education beyond high school, 41 (82%) demonstrated high health literacy, and 45 (90%) desired to have an active role in decision-making based on the CPS. After undergoing counseling, 34 (68%) participants chose to undergo initial or repeat PSA screening, 8 (16%) chose against future screening, and 8 (16%) remained uncertain. 45 (90%) participants found individualized counseling using the PtDA more useful than standardized counseling. Finally, patients reported reduced decisional conflict compared to historical controls (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Our process of standardized counseling followed by individualized counseling using our new PtDA was effective in reducing decisional conflict. The majority of participants found the PtDA more useful for decision making than standardized counseling. Clinical trial information: NCT03387527.
High-Pressure Chemistry of Hydrogen in Metals: In Situ Study of Iron Hydride (1991)

Optical observations and x-ray diffraction measurements of the reaction between iron and hydrogen at high pressure to form iron hydride are described. The reaction is associated with a sudden pressure-induced expansion at 3.5 gigapascals of iron samples immersed in fluid hydrogen. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements carried out to 62 gigapascals demonstrate that iron hydride has a double hexagonal close-packed structure, a cell volume up to 17% larger than pure iron, and a stoichiometry close to FeH. These results greatly extend the pressure range over which the technologically important iron-hydrogen phase diagram has been characterized and have implications for problems ranging from hydrogen degradation and embrittlement of ferrous metals to the presence of hydrogen in Earth's metallic core.
COMBINED MACHINE LEARNING WITH MULTI-VIEW MODELING FOR ROBUST WOUND TISSUE ASSESSMENT (2010)

International audience
Allele Loss and Reduced Expression of CYCLOPS Genes is a Characteristic Feature of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma (2019)

Copy-number alterations Yielding Cancer Liabilities Owing to Partial losS (CYCLOPS) genes have been recently identified as the most enriched class of copy-number associated gene dependencies in human cancer. These genes are cell essential and render tumor cells highly sensitive to the expression of the remaining copy. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) is characterized by frequent chromosomal deletions, but the relevance of CYCLOPS genes in this tumor subtype is unclear. We found 39 (31%) of 124 recently published candidate CYCLOPS genes (B. Paolella et al., eLife 2017;6:e23268) located on 7 autosomes that are frequently lost in chRCC. GISTIC and RNA-seq data obtained from the TCGA-KICH database showed that 62% of these CYCLOPS genes had significantly lower expression levels in samples with deletion of the respective gene. As copy number (CN) loss of the CYCLOPS gene SF3B1 (Splicing factor 3B subunit 1) has been recently reported in 71% chRCC, we explored the relevance of SF3B1 CN alteration and SF3B1 expression in a set of chRCC and additional oncocytic renal neoplasms. The frequency of SF3B1 CN loss (65%) was similar to that obtained from the TCGA-KICH database and correlated significantly with both lower SF3B1 mRNA (P < .05) and protein expression (P < .001). Other tumor subtypes with oncocytic cytoplasm had normal SF3B1 CN and displayed strong SF3B1 protein expression. These results suggest that CN loss of CYCLOPS genes is a characteristic feature in chRCC. Since many CYCLOPS genes code for components of proteasomes and transcriptional regulation, their alteration could make chRCC vulnerable to targeted drugs.
Development of a Ligand Screening Tool Using Full-Length Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Expressing Cell Lines to Ameliorate Metabolic Syndrome (2019)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and include three subtypes (PPARα, PPARδ, and PPARγ). They regulate gene expression in a ligand-dependent manner. PPARα plays an important role in lipid metabolism. PPARγ is involved in glucose metabolism and is a potential therapeutic target in Type 2 diabetes. PPARδ ligands are candidates for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Thus, the detection of PPAR ligands may facilitate the treatment of various diseases. In this study, to identify PPAR ligands, we engineered reporter cell lines that can be used to quantify PPARγ and PPARδ activity. We evaluated several known ligands using these reporter cell lines and confirmed that they are useful for PPAR ligand detection. Furthermore, we evaluated extracts of approximately 200 natural resources and found various extracts that enhance reporter gene activity. Finally, we identified a main alkaloid of the Evodia fruit, evodiamine, as a PPARγ activator using this screening tool. These results suggest that the established reporter cell lines may serve as a useful cell-based screening tool for finding PPAR ligands to ameliorate metabolic syndromes.
A Solid‐State Organic Electronic Wettability Switch (2004)

Solid‐state devices based on soluble polymers on a rigid substrate, with the active surface facing the environment, have been designed and characterized. The contact angles and spreading of water droplets can be reversibly controlled by electrochemically reducing or oxidizing a polymer surface (see Figure).
The domains of a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin undergo a major FRET-detected rearrangement during pore formation (2005)

FRET measurements were used to determine the domain-specific topography of perfringolysin O, a pore-forming toxin, on a membrane surface at different stages of pore formation. The data reveal that the elongated toxin monomer binds stably to the membrane in an "end-on" orientation, with its long axis approximately perpendicular to the plane of the membrane bilayer. This orientation is largely retained even after monomer association to form an oligomeric prepore complex. The domain 3 (D3) polypeptide segments that ultimately form transmembrane beta-hairpins remain far above the membrane surface in both the membrane-bound monomer and prepore oligomer. Upon pore formation, these segments enter the bilayer, whereas D1 moves to a position that is substantially closer to the membrane. Therefore, the extended D2 beta-structure that connects D1 to membrane-bound D4 appears to bend or otherwise reconfigure during the prepore-to-pore transition of the perfringolysin O oligomer.
Berberine and Its Metabolites: Relationship between Physicochemical Properties and Plasma Levels after Administration to Human Subjects (2014)

Berberine (1) is an alkaloid used widely in the treatment of several diseases. However, its physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism remain unclear, and conflicting data have been reported. In this study, the main physicochemical properties of 1 and its metabolites were evaluated, including lipophilicity, solubility, pKa, and albumin binding. A sensitive HPLC-ESIMS/MS method was developed and validated to identify 1 and its main metabolites in human plasma. This method was used to quantify their levels in the plasma of healthy volunteers and hypercholesterolemic patients following a single dose and chronic administration, respectively. In both cases, berberrubine (2) was found to be the main metabolite. Surprisingly, 2 is more lipophilic than 1, which suggests that this compound tautomerizes to a highly conjugated, electroneutral quinoid structure. This was confirmed by NMR studies. These results indicate that the higher plasma concentration of 2 was a consequence of a more efficient intestinal absorption, suggesting that berberrubine is potentially more pharmacologically active than berberine.
Optical-fiber thermal modulator (1987)

This paper describes a new device which utilizes the thermal sensitivity of optical fibers to modulate the phase of the light in an interferometric sensor. The purpose of the optical-fiber thermal modulator is to maintain the interferometer in its most sensitive (quadrature) condition, and it thus represents a potential replacement for the comparatively bulky piezoelectric transducers (PZT) customarily used. Shorter lengths of fiber and considerably lower voltages than are required for the piezoelectric devices produce phase shifts of many wavelengths in the optical-fiber thermal modulator.
Base Station Popularity-Based Dynamic Resource Allocation for VNF (2019)

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is emerging as a promising technology in future wireless communication system to achieve resource sharing through abstracting standardized network equipment into different types of virtual network functions (VNFs) to be placed in various network slices for diverse requirements. In order to satisfy the required QoS of serving users, each network slice deploys appropriate VNFs on different Base Stations (BSs) and orchestrates them for providing uniform service like an independent virtual network. However, due to the user mobility, the VNF on the BS may not have sufficient resource to provide QoS guaranteed services for newly accessed users. It is challenging to allocate adequate resource dynamically for VNFs to guarantee the required QoS of roaming users. In this paper, we propose a dynamic resource allocation scheme for VNF based on group mobility prediction. We first employ Markov chain and online learning method together to predict group mobility of users. Then we calculate the popularities of BSs for allocating more resource to the hotspot BSs (HBSs) with aim of enabling HBS permit the enormous service requests of approaching users. We propose a complementarity mechanism to maximize resource efficiency when implementing resource allocation for VNFs. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of our proposed dynamic resource allocation scheme.
The needs of HIV-infected woman. (1997)

Women comprise 12% of all AIDS cases in the US and half of all cases worldwide, and women are being infected at a faster rate than are men. However, despite the scale of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among women, HIV remains underdiagnosed and under-researched in women, partly because physicians fail to recognize the early signs of HIV infection in women. The needs of HIV-infected women with regard to family and friends, partners and lovers, children, psychological factors, support groups and community-based organizations, stress management, and sex are discussed. It is important for HIV-infected people to identify networks of family and friends with whom they can openly discuss HIV and their related concerns. It is especially important that an individual's HIV status be revealed to his or her sex partner. HIV-infected parents should also consider telling their children that they are HIV-positive, even if the children are very young. Support groups can help infected individuals cope with and learn about HIV infection. Finally, using the appropriate barrier contraceptive methods, the HIV-infected individual can continue having an active and fulfilling sex life.
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial of a Lactobacillus crispatus Probiotic Given Intravaginally for Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection (2011)

Lactin-V after treatment for cystitis is associated with a reduction in recurrent UTI. Larger efficacy trials of this novel preventive method for recurrent UTI are warranted. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION. NCT00305227.
Enhancement of UV-visible transmission characteristics in wet-etched hollow core anti-resonant fibers (2021)

We report on the feasibility of short-wavelength transmission window modification in anti-resonant hollow core fibers using post-processing by hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching. Direct drawing of stacked anti-resonant hollow core fibers with sub-micron thin cladding capillary membranes is technologically challenging, but so far this has been the only proven method of assuring over an octave-spanning transmission windows across the visible and UV wavelengths. In this study we revealed that low HF concentration allows us to reduce the thickness of the cladding capillary membranes from the initial 760 nm down to 180 nm in a controlled process. The glass etching rates have been established for different HF concentrations within a range non-destructive to the anti-resonant cladding structure. Etching resulted in spectral blue-shifting and broadening of anti-resonant transmission windows in all tested fiber samples with lengths between 15 cm and 75 cm. Spectrally continuous transmission, extending from around 200 nm to 650 nm was recorded in 75 cm long fibers with cladding membranes etched down to thickness of 180 nm. The experiment allowed us to verify the applicability and feasibility of controlling a silica fiber post-processing technique, aimed at broadening of anti-resonant transmission windows in hollow core fibers. A practical application of the processed fiber samples is demonstrated with their simple butt-coupling to light-emitting diodes centered at various ultraviolet wavelengths between 265 nm and 365 nm.
On-Line Dialysis Coupled to a Capillary Electrophoresis System for Determination of Small Anions (1997)

On-line dialysis performed in a flow injection analysis (FIA) system has been integrated with a capillary electrophoresis (CE) system via a specially designed interface. Samples are continuously pumped into a dialysis unit and the outgoing acceptor stream containing the analytes is allowed to fill a rotary injector in the FIA part of the system. A discrete, representative volume of the acceptor stream is injected into an electrolyte stream which continuously passes through the FIA−CE interface into which the end of a capillary has been inserted. An infinitesimal fraction of the injected acceptor plug is introduced electrokinetically when it passes the end of the capillary. Multiple sample injections are possible in one electrophoretic run, and the entire analytical procedure can easily be mechanized. The repeatability is in the range 1.6−3.3% (n = 7). A wide range of real samples with complicated matrices (milk, juice, slurry, liquors from pulp and paper industry) was successfully analyzed without any off-line pretreatment using the fully mechanized system.
A multi-omic characterization of temperature stress in a halotolerant Scenedesmus strain for algal biotechnology (2021)

Microalgae efficiently convert sunlight into lipids and carbohydrates, offering bio-based alternatives for energy and chemical production. Improving algal productivity and robustness against abiotic stress requires a systems level characterization enabled by functional genomics. Here, we characterize a halotolerant microalga Scenedesmus sp. NREL 46B-D3 demonstrating peak growth near 25 °C that reaches 30 g/m<sup>2</sup>/day and the highest biomass accumulation capacity post cell division reported to date for a halotolerant strain. Functional genomics analysis revealed that genes involved in lipid production, ion channels and antiporters are expanded and expressed. Exposure to temperature stress shifts fatty acid metabolism and increases amino acids synthesis. Co-expression analysis shows that many fatty acid biosynthesis genes are overexpressed with specific transcription factors under cold stress. These and other genes involved in the metabolic and regulatory response to temperature stress can be further explored for strain improvement.
A New Mechanism for the First Carbon−Carbon Bond Formation in the MTG Process:  A Theoretical Study (1998)

The formation of the first carbon−carbon bond in the methanol to gasoline (MTG) process has been examined with density functional theory. Two reaction pathways survive. One is the CO-catalyzed mechanism and the other is the new mechanism that involves the reaction of methane and formaldehyde. The new mechanism is one of the most energetically favorable and is consistent with available experiments.
A honeycomb-shaped planar monopole antenna for broadband millimeter-wave applications (2017)

This paper investigates a planar monopole antenna for fifth generation (5G) wireless communication networks. The proposed antenna has an ultra-wide band impedance response in millimeter wave (mmW) spectrum, 25-39 GHz covering Ka band. The antenna has unique structural layout resembling hexagonal honeycomb and has low profile (8×7 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) on 0.254 mm thick Rogers substrate, enabling the design for incorporation into future mobile phones. This antenna provides peak gain of 4.15 dBi along with 90% efficiency in the working band. The design is also extended to an 8×1 element array presenting maximum gain of 12.7 dBi at central frequency of the antenna.