gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Approach of Risk Sensitive Land Use Zoning: A Case Study of Banepa Municipality (2017)

Land is a basic source of livelihood for most of the Nepalese. Land fragmentation, improper use of land, rapid urbanization and lack of formal plan has created serious problems mostly in urban areas including study area. So proper Land use planning is necessary for getting optimum benefit from land resource in sustainable way. Risk factor has to be considered in land use planning process. Since Expert driven (Top down) approach has not gained satisfactory achievement, Participatory (Bottom up) approach has emerged to ensure public participation in land use planning. Participatory approach has also some limitations. So the study seeks to implement integration of both expert driven and participatory approach to identify low risk land use zones in study area. Study targeted to identify risk areas from participatory approach before land use zoning. The case study was carried out in Banepa Municipality. The research was completed by following integrated approach using both primary and secondary data. Both desk study and case study method has been applied. Questionnaire, focus group discussion, interview techniques has been used in the study for collecting primary information where as high resolution satellite imagery, municipal GIS database, Census data etc. were used as secondary data. GIS application was used for Multi-criteria Analysis (MCA). To determine corresponding weight for each factor for land use zoning AHP (Analytical Hierarchy process) has been implemented. Different risk zones in the study area are identified using participatory approach. Final risk free land use zoning map of the study area is prepared. Study concludes that integrated approach is useful for effective land use zoning and risk should also be considered in this process. Different kinds of risk like landslide, flooding, industrial hazard etc. are dominant in the study area. Legal, organizational and technical improvement is required for effective implementation of land use zoning.
Exploiting eDRAM bandwidth with data prefetching: simulation and measurements (2007)

Compared to conventional SRAM, embedded DRAM (eDRAM) offers power, bandwidth and density advantages for large on-chip cache memories. However, eDRAM suffers from comparatively slower access times than conventional SRAM arrays. To hide eDRAM access latencies, the Blue Gene/L(&) supercomputer implements small private prefetch caches. We present an exploration of design trade-offs for the prefetch D-cache for eDRAM. We use full system simulation to consider operating system impact. We validate our modeling environment by comparing our simulation results to measurements on actual Blue Gene systems. Actual execution times also include any system effects not modeled in our performance simulator, and confirm the selection of simulation parameters included in the model. Our experiments show that even small prefetch caches with wide lines efficiently capture spatial locality in many applications. Our 2kB private prefetch caches reduce execution time by 10% on average, effectively hiding the latency of the eDRAM-based memory system.
Traffic Data Imputation and Prediction: An Efficient Realization of Deep Learning (2020)

In this paper, we study the prediction of traffic flow in the presence of missing information from data set. Specifically, we adopt three different patterns to model the missing data structure, and apply two types of approaches for the imputation. In consequence, a forecasting model via deep learning based methods is proposed to predict the traffic flow from the recovered data set. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of using deep learning based imputation in improving the accuracy of traffic flow prediction. Based on the experimental results, we conduct a thorough discussion on the appropriate methods to predict traffic flow under various missing data conditions, and thus shedding the light for a practical design.
pH- and salt-mediated response of layer-by-layer assembled PSS/PAH microcapsules: fusion and polymer exchange (2012)

We have studied the pH- and salt-mediated response of matrix-type polyelectrolyte microcapsules. The capsules were prepared by layer-by-layer (LbL) adsorption on decomposable CaCO3 cores using model polyelectrolytes, namely poly-styrenesulfonic acid (PSS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). Salt-mediated LbL-made microcapsule fusion has been reported recently with a different polycation (R. Zhang, O. Kreft, A. Skirtach, H. Mohwald and G. Sukhorukov, Soft Matter, 2010, 6, 4742–4747) resulting in merging of the capsule's content and formation of anisotropic “Janus-like” capsules indicating no polymer exchange between the capsules. Here we have studied PAH/PSS capsule behavior as a function of pH and salt concentration. Salt (NaCl) does not induce any changes in the capsules up to saturation concentration (6.1 M). In contrast, several sequential processes have been identified for capsules in [HCl] > 0.1 M: (i) shrinkage due to polymer network annealing, (ii) transformation from matrix-type to shell-type capsules due to oscillating inflating–deflating cycles caused by CO2 formation, and (iii) collapse. The processes depend on acid concentration and the number of layers. If the capsules contact each other, there is an exchange of polymer molecules followed by fusion. The polymer exchange depends on the outermost layer that determines the overall capsule charge. Exchange is enhanced for capsules of the same outermost layer and can be caused by charge redistribution in the capsules at low pH (the negative charge of PSS is reduced (pKa 1) and the positive charge of PAH is in excess). Control over polymer exchange between the capsules is key in order to design capsules as well as to understand and to trigger fusion. We also show that the observed processes are not reversible and can be stopped at any time by replacement of acid with water. Stable gas-filled capsules can be produced by this method upon transformation from matrix to shell-type capsules.
Glycosyl disulfides: importance, synthesis and application to chemical and biological systems (2020)

The disulfide bond plays an important role in the formation and stabilisation of higher order structures of peptides and proteins, while in recent years interest in this functional group has been extended to carbohydrate chemistry. Rarely found in nature, glycosyl disulfides have attracted significant attention as glycomimetics, with wide biological applications including lectin binding, as key components of dynamic libraries to study carbohydrate structures, the study of metabolic and enzymatic studies, and even as potential drug molecules. This interest has been accompanied and fuelled by the continuous development of new methods to construct the disulfide bond at the anomeric centre. Glycosyl disulfides have also been exploited as versatile intermediates in carbohydrate synthesis, particularly as glycosyl donors. This review focuses on the importance of the disulfide bond in glycobiology and in chemistry, evaluating the different methods available to synthesise glycosyl disulfides. Furthermore, we review the role of glycosyl disulfides as intermediates and/or glycosyl donors for the synthesis of neoglycoproteins and oligosaccharides, before finally considering examples of how this important class of carbohydrates have made an impact in biological and therapeutic contexts.
Morphology of the Frontal Operculum: A Volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of the Pars Triangularis (2001)

Broca's area, which includes the pars triangularis (PTR), is a neuroanatomical region important in speech and language production. Linear measures of the PTR have been found to be asymmetric, with the direction of the asymmetry correlating with language dominance determined by Wada testing. It is unclear, however, whether these linear measurements correlate with volumetric measures, and it is also unknown whether white matter and/or gray matter contribute differentially to these asymmetries. To investigate these issues, volumetric magnetic resonance imaging methodologies were used to measure the PTR in a group of healthy right-handed men (n = 12). There was a significant leftward asymmetry of the PTR using linear and volumetric measures. Linear measures of the left and right hemispheres were highly correlated with volumetric measures. Underlying gray and white matter both contributed to PTR asymmetry. Anatomical boundaries and four configurations (V, U, Y, and J) are discussed with reference to potential interhemispheric differences.
Profile of 6 microRNA in blood plasma distinguish early stage Alzheimer’s disease patients from non-demented subjects (2017)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related dementia. Among its major challenges is identifying molecular signatures characteristic for the early AD stage in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI-AD), which could serve for deciphering the AD pathomechanism and also as non-invasive, easy-to-access biomarkers. Using qRT-PCR we compared the microRNA (miRNA) profiles in blood plasma of 15 MCI-AD patients, whose diagnoses were confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, with 20 AD patients and 15 non-demented, age-matched individuals (CTR).To minimize methodological variability, we adhered to standardization of blood and CSF assays recommended by the international Joint Programming for Neurodegenerative Diseases (JPND) BIOMARKAPD consortium, and we employed commercially available Exiqon qRT-PCR-assays. In the first screening, we assessed 179 miRNAs of plasma. We confirmed 23 miRNAs reported earlier as AD biomarker candidates in blood and found 26 novel differential miRNAs between AD and control subjects. For representative 15 differential miRNAs, the TargetScan, MirTarBase and KEGG database analysis indicated putative protein targets among such AD hallmarks as MAPT (Tau), proteins involved in amyloidogenic proteolysis, and in apoptosis. These 15 miRNAs were verified in separate, subsequent subject groups. Finally, 6 miRNAs (3 not yet reported in AD context and 3 reported in AD blood) were selected as the most promising biomarker candidates differentiating early AD from controls with the highest fold changes (from 1.32 to 14.72), consistent significance, specificities from 0.78 to 1 and sensitivities from 0.75 to 1. (patent pending, PCT/IB2016/052440).
A rare case of ovarian carcinosarcoma successfully treated with the neoadjuvant chemotherapy of paclitaxel and ifosfamide (2011)

Primary ovarian carcinosarcoma is so extremely rare that it represents only 1% of all malignancies of the ovary (Cantrell and Van Le 2009). This results in most published data on it being limited t...
Disorder-to-order transitions induced by alkyne/azide click chemistry in diblock copolymer thin films (2012)

We investigated thin film morphologies of binary blends of alkyne-functionalized diblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(n-butyl methacrylate-random-propargyl methacrylate) (PEO-b-P(nBMA-r-PgMA)) and Rhodamine B azide, where the thermal alkyne/azide click reaction between the two components induced a disorder-to-order transition (DOT) of the copolymer. By controlling the composition of the neat copolymers and the mole ratio between the alkyne and azide groups, different microphase separated morphologies were achieved. At higher azide loading ratios, a perpendicular orientation of the microdomains was observed with wide accessible film thickness window. As less azide was incorporated, the microdomains have a stronger tendency to be parallel to the substrate, and the film thickness window for perpendicular orientation also became narrower.
OpenID and the Enterprise: A Model-Based Analysis of Single Sign-On Authentication (2011)

Single sign-on (SSO) protocols allow one person to use the same login credentials for several organizations. Enterprises face increasing competitive pressure to position themselves with regard to SSO, yet the ramifications of a move to SSO are not fully understood. In this paper we discuss OpenID, a relatively new SSO protocol that is gaining traction on the web. We apply enterprise application modelling techniques to OpenID in order to obtain well-founded decision aids for enterprises: we show how published modelling approaches can be used to analyse risks in OpenID, and show that these can identify security problems with common OpenID practice. Finally, we propose analysis principles that condense important general insights of authentication modelling.
The PPARγAgonist Rosiglitazone Is Antifibrotic for Scleroderma Lung Fibroblasts: Mechanisms of Action and Differential Racial Effects (2011)

We present novel data demonstrating that the expression of PPARγ is reduced in lung fibroblasts from black SSc-ILD patients as compared to white patients. Activating PPARγ with the agonist rosiglitazone increased the expression of MMP-1 and inhibited collagen type I in lung fibroblasts isolated from white, but not black, SSc-ILD patients. Blocking the c-Met receptor abolishes rosiglitazone's effects on collagen and MMP-1 in lung fibroblasts isolated from white SSc-ILD patients, while augmenting the expression of the c-Met receptor in fibroblasts from black SSc-ILD patients replicates the effects of rosiglitazone seen in whites. We conclude that PPARγ agonists warrant consideration as potential antifibrotic drugs in patients with SSc-ILD. Differential therapeutic effects might be anticipated especially relative to racial differences and the functional expression of the c-Met receptor.
Polygonal symmetry transform for detecting rectangular traffic signs (2014)

We present a new symmetry transform finding rectangles based on a gradient and corner information of images. We succeed the Fast Radial Symmetry Transform (FRST) finding radial objects with low cost and high accuracy. But FRST focused on using image gradient to find small circle shapes so that FRST can not detect larger polygonal shapes well. Our transform used image gradient and image corner to construct polygonal symmetry maps and extract regions of interest from images. We referred the set of polygon features as the Polygonal Symmetry Transform (PST). Then PST has large coverage with the advantages of FRST. To verify PST, we designed a polygon detectors which finds the road traffic sign such as radial and polygonal shapes. Our detector extracted regions of interest from real road images and calculated performances including detection rate for traffic signs and processing time per image in our experiments.
Gas-Based Time-Resolved THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy for the Study of Nonequilibrium Electron-Phonon Interaction in Semiconductors (2016)

Using a fully gas-based wideband THz spectrometer in reflection geometry we observe nonequilibrium electron-phonon dynamics in InAs. The results are likely strongly influcenced by inhomogeneities in the excitation.
BRein memory: A 13-layer 4.2 K neuron/0.8 M synapse binary/ternary reconfigurable in-memory deep neural network accelerator in 65 nm CMOS (2017)

A versatile reconfigurable accelerator for binary/ternary deep neural networks (DNNs) is presented. It features a massively parallel in-memory processing architecture and stores varieties of binary/ternary DNNs with a maximum of 13 layers, 4.2 K neurons, and 0.8 M synapses on chip. The 0.6 W, 1.4 TOPS chip achieves performance and energy efficiency that is 10–10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> –10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> times better than a CPU/GPU/FPGA.
Wear Characteristics of Carbon Steel in relation to the Surface Temperature (1973)

Wear tests, measurements of the average temperature of the sliding surface and calculations of the temperature of asperities by using Jaeger’s equation were performed on 0.45% C carbon steel rubbed against 0.6% C carbon steel and stainless steel in dry sliding on a pin-ring test rig in air and in vacuo, from which the wear characteristics of 0.45% C carbon steel were discussed in relation to the surface temperature.From the results obtained in this experiment and reported previously, it is concluded that wear of iron and steel reachs the maximum at the average temperature of about 300°C for asperities, and decreases beyond this temperature. Wear of carbon steel increases with seizure when the average temperature of the sliding surface exceeds about 200∼250°C. In a state where the temperature of actual contacting asperities approaches the melting point or a high temperature near it, at least above A1 temperature, and the average temperature of the sliding surface is kept at comparatively low temperatures at which the parts supporting asperities do not begin to soften, wear reaches the minimum and the white hardened layers mostly occur on the sliding surface. In the case of occurrence of the white hardened layers, therefore, the cause for the decrease in wear may be attributed not to the high value of hardness of the white layer after sliding, but to the fact that a high temperature is attained only in the neibourhood of the interface of contacting asperities to produce rupture.Oxidation of the sliding surface does not always reduce wear, and wear in vacuo, in which the macroscopic oxidation does not occur, is smaller than in air when the actual contacting asperities reach a high temperature and the average temperature of the sliding surface is comparatively low. In air, thick oxide layers reduce the average temperature of the sliding surface and prevent seizure in a condition where this temperature exceeds 200∼250°C in vacuo.
IN VIVO SOLUBLE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR RELEASE IN OKT3-TREATED PATIENTS (1995)

Administration of monoclonal antibodies to CD3 triggers acute and massive release of several cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), essentially T cell-derived. This cytokine release is responsible for the spontaneously reversible acute clinical syndrome observed in most OKT3-treated patients. We found that the first OKT3 injection in human renal allograft recipients led to the release in significant amounts of soluble TNF receptors (TNF-sR55 and TNF-sR75) that are considered main natural inhibitors of TNF bioactivity. As for OKT3-induced TNF-alpha, peak TNF-sR levels were observed 1 hr postinjection, and this release was limited to the first monoclonal antibody injection. A distinct regulation of OKT3-mediated release of TNF-sR75 and TNF-sR55 was observed, since (1) in clear contrast with OKT3-mediated TNF-sR75 induction, TNF-sR55 release was completely blocked by a high dose of corticosteroids prior to OKT3 injection and (2) secretion of TNF-sR75 but not TNF-sR55 correlated with immunoreactive TNF-alpha release. In hemodialyzed patients prior to transplantation and OKT3 treatment, a condition characterized by chronic TNF-alpha release, TNF-sR efficiently block TNF bioactivity. In contrast, the system is overwhelmed by the massive acute TNF-alpha release that follows the first OKT3 injection: in such a condition TNF-sR looses its capacity to counteract TNF bioactivity.
Dicer Dependent MicroRNAs Regulate Gene Expression and Functions in Human Endothelial Cells (2007)

Dicer is a key enzyme involved in the maturation of microRNAS (miRNAs). miRNAs have been shown to be regulators of gene expression participating in the control of a wide range of physiological pathways. To assess the role of Dicer and consequently the importance of miRNAs in the biology and functions of human endothelial cells (EC) during angiogenesis, we globally reduced miRNAs in ECs by specific silencing Dicer using siRNA and examined the effects on EC phenotypes in vitro. The knockdown of Dicer in ECs altered the expression (mRNA and/or protein) of several key regulators of endothelial biology and angiogenesis, such as TEK/Tie-2, KDR/VEGFR2, Tie-1, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and IL-8. Although, Dicer knockdown increased activation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway it reduced proliferation and cord formation of EC in vitro. The miRNA expression profile of EC revealed 25 highly expressed miRNAs in human EC and using miRNA mimicry, miR-222/221 regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein levels after Dicer silencing. Collectively, these results indicate that maintenance and regulation of endogenous miRNA levels via Dicer mediated processing is critical for EC gene expression and functions in vitro.
Effect of PRX-1 Downregulation in the Type 1 Diabetes Microenvironment (2012)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by dysregulation of the immune system in the pancreatic islets, which eventually leads to insulin-producing pancreatic β-cell death and destabilization of glucose homeostasis. One of the major characteristics of T1D pathogenesis is the production of inflammatory mediators by macrophages that result in destruction or damage of pancreatic β-cells. In this study the inflammatory microenvironment of T1D was simulated with RAW264.7 cells and MIN6 cells, acting as macrophages and pancreatic β-cells respectably. In this setting, peroxiredoxin-1, an anti-oxidant enzyme was knocked down to observe its functions in the pathogenesis of T1D. RAW264.7 cells were primed with lipopolysaccharide and co-cultured with MIN6 cells while PRX-1 was knocked down in one or both cell types. Our results suggest that hindrance of PRX-1 activity or the deficiency of this enzyme in inflammatory conditions negatively affects pancreatic β-cell survival. The observed decrease in viability of MIN6 cells seems to be caused by nitric oxide production. Additionally, it seems that PRX-1 affects previously reported protective activity of IL-6 in pancreatic β cells as well. These results signify new, undiscovered roles for PRX-1 in inflammatory conditions and may contribute toward our understanding of autoimmunity.
Biomimetic Microfingerprints for Anti‐Counterfeiting Strategies (2015)

An unclonable, fingerprint-mimicking anti-counterfeiting strategy is presented that encrypts polymeric particles with randomly generated silica film wrinkles. The generated wrinkle codes are as highly unique as human fingerprints and are technically irreproducible. Superior to previous physical unclonable functions, codes are tunable on demand and generable on various geometries. Reliable authentication of real-world products that have these microfingerprints is demonstrated using optical decoding methods.
Étude de l’impédance de l’interface métal/verre (1976)

La représentation dans le plan complexe de l’admittance de cellules symétriques du type O2, métal/verre/métal, O2, permet d’étudier les caractéristiques électriques des interfaces platine/verre et or/verre en s’affranchissant de la relaxation de conduction de l’électrolyte. Les verres étudiés appartiennent aux systèmes SiO2 — Na2O et P2O5 — Na2O. Aux basses fréquences (10-4 Hz-1 kHz) les courbes expérimentales sont des arcs de cercle. L’analyse de la répartition, en fonction de la fréquence, des points expérimentaux sur ceux-ci permet de trouver une expression analytique de l’admittance. Cette expression suggère une analogie entre l’impédance de l'interface métal /verre et celle d’un circuit RC parallèle. Les valeurs des capacités d’interface et des résistances de transfert ainsi déduites dépendent de la nature du métal, de la température et de la pression partielle d’oxygène au voisinage de l’interface.