gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Standard versus low‐dose OKT3 induction therapy of cadaveric renal transplants: Comparison of outcome data versus OKT3 dose and serum levels (1992)

Lymphocytoreductive therapy with the polyclonal antithymocyte globulin or the monoclonal anti‐CD3 antibody (OKT3) has been an integral part of sequential immunosuppressive protocols. The optimum dosage of OKT3 in early posttransplant induction is unknown, although the use of lower doses of OKT3 than those used in rejection treatment have been shown to be effective in cadaveric renal transplant recipients. We compared immune monitoring data from 25 recipients of primary cadaver renal allografts receiving low‐dose (2 mg) induction with data from a retrospective cohort of 27 patients who received 5‐mg standard dose. Both groups were treated with the identical sequential quadruple‐therapy protocol. Monitoring parameters included daily CD3 measurement, and twice weekly measurements of serum OKT3 levels and anti‐OKT3 antibodies. Patient and graft survival were similar in both groups. OKT3 dosage increases due to high peripheral CD3 levels were necessary in 4 out of 27 patients receiving the 5‐mg doses and in 8 out of 25 patients receiving the 2‐mg dose (p&lt;0.05). The mean total dose in the standard‐dose group was 48 mg (range 30‐70 mg), while the mean total dose for the low‐dose group was 23 mg (range 10‐58 mg) (p&lt;0.05). Circulating OKT3 levels were significantly higher in the standard‐dose group of patients than in that group receiving low‐dose therapy (p&lt;0.0l). None of the patients with low circulating OKT3 levels developed major post‐transplant infections while 5 of 15 patients with high circulating levels (&gt;700 ng/dl) required hospitalization for bacterial (n = 3) or viral (n = 2) infections in the first 3 months posttransplant (p&lt;0.0001). Antimurine antibodies developed in 5 (19%) of the patients receiving standard‐dose therapy while only 2 (8%) of the patients receiving low‐dose induction became sensitized. These data indicate that the success of OKT3 induction therapy is not correlated to the dosage or to the circulating levels achieved and that higher circulating levels may be associated with increased risk for infection.
High Spatial Resolution Studies of Blastwave Interactions in the Vela Supernova Remnant (1997)

The report targeted two interaction zones within the Vela supernova remnant for HRI observation and data reduction and analysis. Approximately 40 ksec of HRI integration time was awarded for each of the awarded target regions, one at priority 2 and one at priority 3. The observations have been completed for the priority 2 observation. Some observations have been made of the priority 3 target, however the data have not yet been received by the PI. The priority 2 data have been received and analyzed and the results have been prepared for publication. The chief results are as follows: (1) the radial profile of the X-ray emission from the western rim is characterized by a sudden increase in emission at the blastwave interaction region which is unresolved spatially at HRI resolution. The profile is consistent with the expanding blastwave from the remnant encountering a large, coherent structure in the surrounding ISM; (2) the X-ray emission lags slightly 'behind', approx. 10(exp 16)cm the H(alpha) and OIII optical filaments, consistent with the expected spatial profile of the emission assuming parameters derived from earlier PSPC observations of the region. the combination of the X-ray and optical interference filter data allow us to set limits on the distance to the Vela remnant and the general nature of the blastwave interactions in the remnant.
Short channel enhanced degradation during discharge of flash EEPROM memory cell (2002)

A new mode of channel length dependent degradation due to band-to-band tunneling current during the discharge of short channel flash memory device is discussed. The degradation is due to the holes created by band-to-band tunneling current and accelerated by the lateral electric field. The holes gain enough energy, are injected into the oxide and cause damage. The amount of degradation increases significantly as channel length decreases. This could be a fundamental limitation to the scaling of flash memory cells. A new discharge method is proposed to inhibit the hot hole injection and to obtain precise discharged Vt control.
Preparation of antimicrobial poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) electrospun nanofibers containing silver‐loaded zirconium phosphate nanoparticles (2007)

Abstract Antimicrobial nanofibers of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) were prepared by electrospinning of a PCL solution with small amounts of silver‐loaded zirconium phosphate nanoparticles (nanoAgZ) for potential use in wound dressing applications. The electrospun nanoAgZ‐containing PCL nanofibers were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectrum (EDX), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), antimicrobial tests, and biocompatibility tests. The SEM, EDX, and XRD investigations of the electrospun fibers confirmed that silver‐containing nanoparticles were incorporated and well dispersed in smooth and beadless PCL nanofibers. The results of the antimicrobial tests showed that these fibers have maintained the strong killing abilities of Ag + existed in the nanoAgZ against the tested bacteria strains and discoloration has not been observed for the nanofibers. To test the biocompatibility of nanofibers as potential wound dressings, primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were cultured on the nanofibrous mats. The cultured cells were evaluated in terms of cell proliferation and morphology. The results indicated that the cells attached and proliferated as continuous layers on the nanoAgZ‐containing nanofibers and maintained the healthy morphology of HDFs. The earlier results suggested that nanoAgZ‐containing fibers may be expected to be a novel material for potential wound dressing applications because of the significant bacteriostatic activities and good biocompatibility. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Security and Privacy Issues in Near Field Communication (Nfc) Systems (2012)

Near Field Communication (NFC) technology will be the next vital enhancement to your cell phone. Today cell phone is used for internet surfing, mobile banking, entertainment and lot more. NFC will ...
Out of the War: Eight Steps to a Sustainable Peace in Afghanistan (2010)

The characteristics and the difficulties related to the war that was started by the United States in Afghanistan are analyzed. There are eight steps that should be taken by the Australian government for establishing peace in Afghanistan. Withdrawal of the Australian forces, declaring ongoing aid commitment and harnessing the war economy are some of the major steps that can be taken.
Identification of Normal Cranial Sutures in Infants on Routine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2013)

There are increasing concerns relating to the ionizing effects of computed tomography imaging in infants with benign conditions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a potential alternative to ionizing radiation when determining patency of the cranial sutures; however, there is no documentation in the literature on the appearance of normal cranial sutures in infants on MRI. This study reviews the appearance of the cranial sutures, their widths, and accuracy of identification in the first year of life on MRI.The coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures were evaluated by 5 assessors on 100 anonymized MRI scans in infants aged 1 to 361 days. The sutures were scored on a 3-point scale. The MRI sequences investigated were axial T1, axial T2, coronal fluid attenuated inversion recovery, axial short tau inversion recovery, and sagittal T1. The suture widths were measured in those cases where they were clearly identifiable, and agreement was obtained in the first aspect of the study (n = 38).A κ score of 0.6 was obtained for interrater agreement. An increasing total score for all sutures with advancing age was found (P < 0.05). The mean suture widths for the coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures were 1.2 (SD, 0.4), 1.4 (SD, 0.4), and 1.3 (SD, 0.3) mm, respectively. There was no significant difference in suture width with age.The appearance of cranial sutures on MRI is as an area of signal void, which may be difficult to clearly define, thus making it unreliable as a standard investigation in the diagnosis of craniosynostosis.
Synergistic Cytarabine:Daunorubicin Ratios Delivered by CPX-351 to Human Leukemia Xenografts Is Associated with Liposome-Mediated Bone Marrow Drug Accumulation, Intracellular Delivery of Encapsulated Agents to Leukemia Cells, and Increased Efficacy. (2008)

Abstract CPX-351, a liposomal formulation of cytarabine:daunorubicin co-encapsulated at a synergistic 5:1 molar drug ratio, has been previously shown to be highly active in various preclinical leukemia models. In the present investigations, we utilized a bone marrow engrafted human lymphocytic leukemia xenograft model in order to elucidate the pharmacodynamic basis for its superior efficacy compared to un-encapsulated cytarabine:daunorubicin combinations. In normal bone marrow, the un-encapsulated cytarabine:daunorubicin saline-based cocktail and CPX-351 provided comparable cell suppression after intravenous treatment at maximum tolerated dose. In contrast, when these formulations were administered to tumor bearing mice, CPX-351 completely ablated leukemia cells from the bone marrow for multiple weeks whereas the saline-based drug cocktail induced only transient leukemia suppression. Examination of drug levels in the bone marrow compartment revealed that cytarabine:daunorubicin concentrations were significantly elevated for CPX-351. More striking was the observation that whereas bone marrow drug concentrations over time appeared comparable after each dose of the saline-based drug cocktail, the first dose of CPX-351 promoted elevated bone marrow drug accumulation for subsequent doses. Under these conditions, the cytarabine:daunorubicin ratio in bone marrow was maintained near the administered 5:1 molar ratio for CPX- 351 while the drug ratio changed more than 100-fold within 4 hours after administration of the saline-based drug cocktail. Confocal fluorescence microscopy of leukemia cells exposed to CPX-351 in vitro revealed that CPX-351 liposomes were taken up into cytoplasmic vacuoles and subsequently released their drug contents intracellularly. Taken together, these results indicate that the improved efficacy observed following CPX-351 administration in vivo is related to liposome-mediated prolonged and direct exposure of leukemia cells to synergistic drug ratios.
Computer Simulation on Onboard Chilling and Freezing of Albacore Tuna (1998)

ABSTRACT We extended the application of a commercial finite‐element computer program package, PDEase, to the simulation of chilling and freezing of albacore tuna. Tuna was described as an infinite elliptical cylinder, where nonuniform boundary conditions present complications in computer simulation. Equations were developed to define the elliptical boundary. Temperature‐dependent thermal properties and time‐dependent ambient temperature conditions were used. Onboard experiments were conducted to measure the core temperature of individual tuna in slush ice tanks and in air‐blast and brine‐spray freezing systems. Measured time‐temperature profiles were compared with those of the simulation. Predicted chilling and freezing curves agreed with experiments ±3 to 6%. This program enables testing of important fish industry operation strategies.
Design and Synthesis of Dihydroxamic Acids as HDAC6/8/10 Inhibitors (2020)

We report the synthesis and evaluation of a class of selective multitarget agents for the inhibition of HDAC6, HDAC8, and HDAC10. The concept for this study grew out of a structural analysis of the two selective inhibitors Tubastatin A (HDAC6/10) and PCI-34051 (HDAC8), which we recognized share the same N-benzylindole core. Hybridization of the two inhibitor structures resulted in dihydroxamic acids with benzyl-indole and -indazole core motifs. These substances exhibit potent activity against HDAC6, HDAC8, and HDAC10, while retaining selectivity over HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3. The best substance inhibited the viability of the SK-N-BE(2)C neuroblastoma cell line with an IC<sub>50</sub> value similar to a combination treatment with Tubastatin A and PCI-34051. This compound class establishes a proof of concept for such hybrid molecules and could serve as a starting point for the further development of enhanced HDAC6/8/10 inhibitors.
A novel unbiased counting method for the quantification of synapses in the mouse brain (2014)

Our procedure provides an uncomplicated way of assessing numerical densities in small brain areas in an unbiased manner.
Parameter ranges for CW passive mode locking (1976)

CW passive mode locking of a homogeneously broadened laser is considered. In the coordinate plane, whose abscissa is proportional to the small-signal saturable absorber loading, and whose ordinate is proportional to the small-signal gain, the following regimes are laid out: 1) steady-state single-pulse mode-locking solutions; 2) stability against relaxation oscillations; 3) self-starting of mode locking. The assumption is made that CW mode locking can be obtained only for a choice of parameters for which all three regimes overlap. We require further that the overlap regime be reached by a monotonic increase of small-signal gain (pumping), without passing outside regime 2). Under these conditions one may state requirements on the system parameters for the obtainment of single-pulse mode locking by a saturable absorber. The analysis explains why it has been impossible to mode lock passively the CW Nd:YAG laser, but passive mode locking of the CW dye-laser system is possible.
Electro-optic THz transceiver (2002)

We present the use of an electro-optic THz transceiver, which emits and receives THz signal by using one ZnTe crystal with femtosecond optical pulses, for THz sensing ranging and imaging applications. We demonstrate the operation of an electro-optic THz transceiver based on the reciprocal behavior of optical rectification and electro-optic effect in the nonlinear optical crystal. With optical excitation and sampling of an ultrafast laser, the electro-optic THz transceiver alternately transmits pulsed electromagnetic radiation (optical rectification) and receives the return signal (electro-optic effect) from the same crystal.
Shear-rate values in the carotid bifurcation in subjects with carotid webs, subjects with atherosclerotic lesions, and healthy subjects. (2023)

Carotid webs (CaWs) have been linked to cryptogenic strokes and therefore quantifying different hemodynamic parameters is essential to understand the mechanism of clot formation in patients. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on patient-specific geometry and PCMR inlet flow conditions was conducted on five subjects with CaWs, five subjects with mild atherosclerosis (with a similar degree of luminal narrowing), and three healthy control subjects. The total area within the carotid bifurcation that contained low shear rate values associated with clot formation is significantly larger in CaW subjects compared to subjects with atherosclerotic lesions or healthy subjects.
Introduction to optical coherence tomography in neurological diseases (2015)

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Prognostic Significance of Serum Chloride Level in Heart Failure Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction (2022)

Serum chloride level was useful for the prediction of poor outcome in ADHF patients with preserved ejection fraction.
Secrecy Rates in the Broadcast Channel with Confidential Messages and External Eavesdroppers (2013)

In this paper, we consider the broadcast channel with confidential messages and external eavesdroppers (BCCE), where a multi-antenna base station simultaneously communicates to multiple potentially malicious users, in the presence of randomly located external eavesdroppers. Using the proposed model, we study the secrecy rates achievable by regularized channel inversion (RCI) precoding by performing a large-system analysis that combines tools from stochastic geometry and random matrix theory. We obtain explicit expressions for the probability of secrecy outage and an upper bound on the rate loss due to the presence of external eavesdroppers. We show that both these quantities scale as $\frac{λ_e}{\sqrt{N}}$, where $N$ is the number of transmit antennas and $λ_e$ is the density of external eavesdroppers, irrespective of their collusion strategy. Furthermore, we derive a practical rule for the choice of the regularization parameter, which is agnostic of channel state information and location of eavesdroppers, and yet provides close to optimal performance.
Ability of 5‐HT4 receptor ligands to modulate rat striatal dopamine release in vitro and in vivo (1996)

1. The ability of 5-HT4 (5-hydroxytryptamine4) receptor ligands to modify dopamine release from rat striatal slices in vitro and in the striatum of freely moving rats was assessed by the microdialysis technique. 2. The release of dopamine from slices of rat striatum continually perfused with Krebs buffer was enhanced by 5-HT4 receptor agonists; 5-HT (10 microM), 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MeOT; 10 microM), renzapride (10 microM) and (S)-zacopride (10 microM) maximally increased dopamine release by 133 +/- 5, 214 +/- 25, 232 +/- 29 and 264 +/- 69%, respectively (mean +/- s.e.mean, n = 3-8). The drug-induced responses were maximal within the first 2 min of drug application, and subsequently declined. The non-selective 5-HT3/5-HT4 receptor antagonist, SDZ205-557 (10 microM), failed to modify basal dopamine release from striatal slices but completely antagonized the (S)-zacopride (10 microM)-induced increase in dopamine release. 3. To allow faster drug application, the modulation of dopamine release from rat striatal slices in a static release preparation was also investigated. The 5-HT4 receptor agonist, renzapride (10 microM) also enhanced dopamine release in this preparation (maximal increase = 214 +/- 35%, mean +/- s.e.mean, n = 14), whilst a lower concentration of renzapride (3 microM) was less effective. The renzapride-induced response was maximal within the first 2 min of drug application, before declining. In this preparation, the stimulation of dopamine release by renzapride (10 microM), was completely antagonized by the selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist, GR113808 (100 nM). In addition, both the Na+ channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (100 nM) and the non-selective protein kinase A inhibitor, H7 (100 nM) completely prevented the stimulation of dopamine release induced by renzapride (10 microM). 4. In vivo microdialysis studies demonstrated that the 5-HT4 receptor agonists, 5-MeOT (10 microM), renzapride (100 microM) and (S)-zacopride (100 microM) maximally elevated extracellular levels of dopamine in the striatum by 220 +/- 20, 161 +/- 10 and 189 +/- 53%, respectively (mean +/- s.e.mean, n = 5-9). A lower concentration of renzapride (10 microM) was less effective. The elevation of extracellular striatal dopamine levels induced by either renzapride (100 microM) or (S)-zacopride (100 microM) were completely antagonized by the non-selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist, SDZ205-557 (100 microM). In addition, the elevation of extracellular levels of dopamine induced by either 5-MeOT (10 microM) or renzapride (100 microM) was completely prevented by the selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist, GR113808 (1 microM) and the renzapride (100 microM)-induced response was also completely prevented by the non-selective protein kinase A inhibitor, H7 (1 microM). In this in vivo preparation, both GR113808 (1 microM) and H7 (1 microM), when perfused alone, reduced extracellular levels of dopamine. 5. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that the 5-HT4 receptor facilitates rat striatal dopamine release in vitro and in vivo.
Optically measuring nerve activity based on an electro-optical detection system (2019)

Nerve conduction and activity is a marker of disease and wellness and provides insight into the complex way the nervous system encodes information. We propose an electro-optical detection system and show the recordings from an electrically stimulated in-vitro nerve preparation. The system converts the action potential at the probing position to light intensity before any amplification and detection. Thence the light signal is detected by a photodetector. The new detection system has the ability of isolating the probing point and the amplification circuits, which reduces the electrical interference from the circuit. Moreover, the sampled signal transmitted via optical fibres rather than cables or wires makes it more robust to environmental noise. From the experiment, we demonstrated that the electro-optical detection system is able to detect and amplify the nerve response. By analysing the data, we can distinguish the response from the stimulus artifact and calculate CAP (compound action potential) propagation speed.
C2C12 myoblastoma cell differentiation and proliferation is stimulated by androgens and associated with a modulation of myostatin and Pax7 expression (2008)

Androgens are modulators of skeletal muscle adaptation and regeneration processes. The control of satellite cell activity is a key mechanism during this process. In this study, we analyzed the ability of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and anabolic steroids to induce and modulate the differentiation of C2C12 myoblastoma cells toward myotubes. C2C12 cells were dose-dependently treated with DHT and anabolic steroids. The time-dependent effects on differentiation were measured and correlated with the expression of genes involved in the regulation of satellite cell activity. The distribution of C2C12 cells within the cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry and differentiation by creatine kinase (CK) activity. Gene expression was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR and confocal microscopy. The treatment with DHT and anabolic steroids resulted in a stimulation of C2C12 cell proliferation and CK activity. The antiandrogen flutamide was able to antagonize this effect. The expression of the androgen receptor, SOX8, SOX9, Delta, Notch, myostatin, and paired box gene7 (Pax7) was modulated by androgens. The treatment with DHT and anabolic steroids resulted in a strong stimulation of myostatin expression not only in undifferentiated cells but also in myotubes. The stimulation could be antagonized by flutamide. The expression of Pax7 was detectable in C2C12 cells early after treatment with DHT. Our results demonstrate that the key mechanisms of satellite cell differentiation are modulated by androgens. Androgens stimulate the proliferation of C2C12 cells, accelerate the process of differentiation, and increase the expression of myostatin in undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Our findings may have implications not only for the treatment of muscular diseases but also for the improvement of doping analytical methods.
Metabolomic Signatures of Cardiac Remodelling and Heart Failure Risk in the Community (2020)

Several metabolites, including the vasoactive metabolite kynurenine, were related to cardiac structure and function in our sample. Additional research is warranted to confirm our observations and investigate if these metabolites can risk stratify ambulatory individuals.
Psychometric Comparisons of 2 Versions of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale and 2 Versions of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (2008)

The 4 motor scales showed acceptable levels of reliability, validity, and responsiveness in stroke patients. The S-STREAM is recommended because it is short, responsive to change, and able to discriminate patients with severe or mild stroke.
A New Mother-Child Play Activity Program to Decrease Parenting Stress and Improve Child Cognitive Abilities: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (2012)

UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000002265.