gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural evolution of Ti–Al–Si–N nanocomposite coatings (2009)

Ti–Si–Al–N films were prepared by rf reactive magnetron sputtering, in static and rotation modes, using a wide range of different deposition conditions, which created conditions to obtain Ti–Al–Si–N coatings with different structural arrangements. Films prepared below a critical nitrogen flow, under conditions out of thermodynamic equilibrium, revealed a preferential growth of an fcc (Ti,Al,Si)Nx compound with a small N deficiency. With nitrogen flow above that critical value, the reduction of the lattice parameter was no longer detected. However, a thermal annealing showed that a complete thermodynamically driven segregation of the TiN and Si3N4 phases was not yet obtained. The segregation upon annealing induced a self-hardening and showed a multiphase system, where the crystalline TiN, (Ti,Al)N and (Ti,Al,Si)Nx phases were identified by X-ray diffraction. This behavior is due to the de-mixing of the solid solution associated to a small N deficiency.
Weak Charge-Lattice Coupling Requires Reinterpretation of Stripes of Charge Order inLa1−xCaxMnO3 (2005)

Modulations in manganites attributed to stripes of charge/orbital/spin order are thought to result from strong electron-lattice interactions that lock the superlattice and parent lattice periodicities. Surprisingly in La1-xCaxMnO3 (x>0.5,90 K), convergent beam (3.6 nm spot) electron diffraction patterns rule out charge stacking faults and indicate a superlattice with uniform periodicity. Moreover, large area electron diffraction peaks are sharper than simulations with stacking faults. Since the electron-lattice coupling does not lock the two periodicities (to yield stripes) it may be too weak to strongly localize charge.
Use of metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors to detect interactions of Hf and Zr gate electrodes with SiO2 and ZrO2 (2001)

Metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors were used to study the interaction of Hf and Zr gate electrodes on SiO2, ZrSixOy, and ZrO2. A large reduction in the SiO2 equivalent oxide thickness accompanied by an increase in the leakage current was observed with Hf and Zr electrodes when subjected to anneal temperatures as low as 400 °C. The reduction in electrical thickness as observed from the capacitance–voltage measurements was attributed to the combination of (a) physical thinning of the SiO2 and (b) formation of a high-K layer. A severe instability of Zr and Hf electrodes was also observed on ZrSixOy and ZrO2 dielectrics. This behavior of Zr and Hf gates was attributed to high negative enthalpy of oxide formation and high oxygen solubility resulting in the reduction of the gate dielectric and subsequent oxygen diffusion to the gate electrode.
X-LINKED RETINOSCHISIS (2006)

Identification of the disease-causing mutation in this family with long-term follow-up allows for earlier and more accurate identification of individuals at risk for this inherited progressive macular degeneration, provides for more accurate genetic counseling, and contributes to our understanding of the pathophysiology of this disorder.
Thermolysis of (1R,2R)-1,2-dideuteriocyclobutane. An application of vibrational circular dichroism to kinetic analysis (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermolysis of (1R,2R)-1,2-dideuteriocyclobutane. An application of vibrational circular dichroism to kinetic analysisJames S. Chickos, A. Annamalai, and T. A. KeiderlingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 15, 4398–4402Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00275a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00275a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of mutations associated with peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. (1990)

We have previously shown that in some patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1), disease is associated with mistargeting of the normally peroxisomal enzyme alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) to mitochondria (Danpure, C.J., P.J. Cooper, P.J. Wise, and P.R. Jennings. J. Cell Biol. 108:1345-1352). We have synthesized, amplified, cloned, and sequenced AGT cDNA from a PH1 patient with mitochondrial AGT (mAGT). This identified three point mutations that cause amino acid substitutions in the predicted AGT protein sequence. Using PCR and allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization, a range of PH1 patients and controls were screened for these mutations. This revealed that all eight PH1 patients with mAGT carried at least one allele with the same three mutations. Two were homozygous for this allele and six were heterozygous. In at least three of the heterozygotes, it appeared that only the mutant allele was expressed. All three mutations were absent from PH1 patients lacking mAGT. One mutation encoding a Gly----Arg substitution at residue 170 was not found in any of the control individuals. However, the other two mutations, encoding Pro----Leu and Ile----Met substitutions at residues 11 and 340, respectively, cosegregated in the normal population at an allelic frequency of 5-10%. In an individual homozygous for this allele (substitutions at residues 11 and 340) only a small proportion of AGT appeared to be rerouted to mitochondria. It is suggested that the substitution at residue 11 generates an amphiphilic alpha-helix with characteristics similar to recognized mitochondrial targeting sequences, the full functional expression of which is dependent upon coexpression of the substitution at residue 170, which may induce defective peroxisomal import.
Treatment of Poststroke Pain by Epidural Motor Cortex Stimulation With a New Octopolar Lead (2011)

A good clinical outcome was observed in all patients except 1, suggesting that this new octopolar lead could be used for MCS therapy to treat refractory central poststroke pain.
ADAPT: A Price-Stabilizing Compliance Policy for Renewable Energy Certificates: The Case of SREC Markets (2017)

Currently, most Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) markets are defined based on targets that create an artificial step demand function resembling a cliff. This target policy produces volatile prices that can make investing in renewables a risky proposition. In this paper, we propose an alternative policy called Adjustable Dynamic Assignment of Penalties and Targets (ADAPT) that uses a sloped compliance penalty and a self-regulating requirement schedule, both designed to stabilize REC prices, helping to alleviate a common weakness of environmental markets. To capture market behavior, we model the market as a stochastic dynamic programming problem to understand how the market might balance the decision to use a REC now versus holding it for future periods (in the face of uncertain new supply). Then, we present and prove some of the properties of this market, and finally we show that this mechanism reduces the volatility of REC prices, which should stabilize the market and encourage long-term investment in renewables.
Isano oil, a conjugated triple bond glyceride (1958)

Summary Isano oil is now commercially available. Its major constituent fatty acids, isanic and isanolic acid, are unusual in their reactivity because of a conjugated acetylenic bond system in the middle of an 18‐carbon chain. When heated sufficiently, the oil reacts exothermically with violence. This property has useful application in fire‐retardant paints. Other uses and chemical reactions are given.
New Aspects of Heterometallic Copper (Silver) Cluster Compounds Involving Sulfido Ligands (1996)

The reactivity of sulfido ligands with different coordination configurations are systematically introduced leading to "unit construction", as a convenient method for designed synthesis of some heterometallic copper(silver)-sulfur cluster compounds. Heterometallic copper(silver)-sulfur cluster crystals with acentric space groups as potential precursors of crystal materials with non-linear physical properties are discussed. Discussions of synthetic methods and crystal structures for larger M-Cu-S cluster derivatives containing a square-type unit {M4CU4S12} (M = Mo, W) are also provided. Additionally, polymeric M-Ag-S cluster complexes and the coexistence of polymeric cluster anions and hydrogen-bond supramolecular structure cations are rudimentarily explored.
BaMo3O10 Polymorphs with Tunable Symmetries and Properties (2023)

Polymorphism is a well-known but important phenomenon in the field of solid-state chemistry. Crystalline materials can form various polymorphs and present drastically varied physical and chemical properties. Herein, systematic exploration of the BaO-MoO<sub>3</sub> binary system leads to the discovery of a new barium molybdate, α-BaMo<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub>. The temperature-dependent phase transition from α-BaMo<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub> to β-BaMo<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub> is confirmed. The tunable linear and nonlinear optical properties induced by the phase transition are confirmed by both experimental and theoretical approaches. Also, β-BaMo<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub> is identified as a nonlinear-optical crystal for the first time. The origin of linear- and nonlinear-optical properties of BaMo<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub> polymorphs is confirmed by the additional theoretical means. This work indicates that a small change in the structure can induce tunable symmetries and thereby widely divergent optical properties.
CD56bright natural killer cells are present in human lymph nodes and are activated by T cell-derived IL-2: a potential new link between adaptive and innate immunity (2003)

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that provide cytokines critical for early host defense against pathogens. One subset of human NK cells (CD56(bright)) constitutively expresses the high-affinity interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor and produces immunoregulatory cytokines. Here, we demonstrate that CD56(bright) NK cells are present in human lymph nodes and that endogenous T cell-derived IL-2, acting through the NK high-affinity IL-2 receptor, costimulates CD56(bright) NK cells to secrete IFN-gamma. Thus, adaptive immunoregulators influence innate cytokine production, which in turn may influence the developing antigen-specific immune response. These data show a dynamic interaction between innate and adaptive human lymphocytes and emphasize the importance of studying interactions between immune components to understand the immune response as a whole.
Natural Gas Decarbonization to Reduce CO2 Emission From Combined Cycles: Part A — Partial Oxidation (2000)

This paper discusses novel schemes of combined cycle, where natural gas is chemically treated to remove carbon, rather than being directly used as fuel. Carbon conversion to CO2 is achieved before gas turbine combustion. Therefore CO2 can be removed from fuel (rather than from exhausts, thus utilizing less demanding equipment) and made available for long-term storage, to avoid dispersion toward the atmosphere and the consequent contribution to the greenhouse effect. The strategy here proposed to achieve this goal is natural gas partial oxidation. The second part of the paper will address steam / methane reforming. Partial oxidation is an exothermic oxygen-poor combustion devoted to CO and H2 production. The reaction products are introduced in a multiple stage shift reactor converting CO to CO2. Carbon dioxide is removed by means of physical or chemical absorption processes and made available for storage, after compression and liquefaction. The resulting fuel mainly consists of hydrogen and nitrogen, thus gas turbine exhausts are virtually devoid of CO2. The paper discusses the selection of some important parameters necessary to obtain a sufficient level of conversion in the various reactors (temperature and pressure levels, methane-to-air or methane-to-steam ratios) and their impact on the plant integration and on the thermodynamic efficiency. Overall performance (efficiency, power output and carbon removal rate) is predicted by means of a computational tool developed by the authors. The results show that a net efficiency of 48.5%, with a 90% CO2 removal, can be obtained by combined cycles based on large heavy duty machines of the present technological status, either by using chemical or physical absorption.
Failure mechanism of solidification cracks in semiconductor laser packaging (2002)

In this work, we experimentally investigate the defect mechanisms in spot-welding technique for receptacle laser packaging. Results obtained from the stainless-to-kovar joints show that the surface cracks are eliminated by reducing the gold thickness from the kovar before welding, while the centerline cracks in the fusion zone are eliminated by the air gap tightness between the kovar and stainless. The low solubility of gold in the kovar and the large air gap between the joints are identified as the mechanisms for surface and centerline cracks, respectively. A reduction of post-weld-shift (PWS) technique in laser packaging is also presented on the basis of a detailed understanding of the welded joint quality and the defect mechanisms in the laser welding process. Preliminary reliability data demonstrated that these laser packages, which do not have hole and crack defects in the welded joints, are reliable.
Electroluminescence Microscopy of Cross-Sectioned AlGaN/GaN High-Electron Mobility Transistors (2016)

We report an electroluminescence (EL) microscopy study of operating cross-sectioned AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors. By examining devices in a cross-sectional view, the distribution and intensity of photons emitted from underneath the optically opaque metal of the gate and drain structures can be studied. The location and the shape of EL bright spots were quantitatively compared with simulated device behavior, revealing a strong correlation between the measured EL intensity and the expected distribution of hot electrons in the channel. Under constant low-power conditions, the bulk of the EL signal migrates from the drain edge of the gate field plate to the drain edge of the source-connected field plate (SCFP) as the drain bias is increased. Hot electrons have been cited as a dominant contributor to device degradation for some devices, so quantifying their location and bias dependence is critical to understanding how this degradation rate might scale with bias and device design. In addition, devices both with and without an SCFP were imaged to quantitatively investigate the influence of the field plate on the EL signal. Finally, a measurement of the spectra of EL signals is used to estimate the temperature of hot electrons in the device.
Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) family expression correlation with grade and prognosis in human gliomas. (2014)

e13002 Background: Gliomas are the most common type of all central nervous system tumors. Almost all patients diagnosed with these tumors have a poor prognostic outcome. We aimed to identify novel glioma prognosis-associated candidate genes. Methods: We applied WebArrayDB software to span platform integrate and analyze 771 glioma microarray datasets (WHO II-IV) derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO by WebArrayDB software. We focused on a subset of the significantly up-regulated genes, the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) family. We used 59 glioma frozen samples (F/M 18/21, age 38.9±14.3y, 14 II grade, 21III grade and 24 IV grade). The samples consisted of AO (n = 27), AA (n = 9) and GBM (n = 23). 6 control samples, trauma (n = 4) and epilepsy (n = 2). The frozen samples predict the relationship between the expression of MCMs and patients outcome by qPCR. Results: We found that MCMs expression was significantly up-regulated in glioma samples. High MCM2 mRNA expression appeared to be strongly associated with poor overall survival in high grade glioma. Furthermore, we reported that MCM7 is strongly correlated with patient outcome in WHO grade II-IV. MCM3 expression was to be up-regulated in glioma and correlate with overall survival in WHO grade III. MCM2, MCM3 and MCM7 expression level were of greater prognostic relevance than histological diagnosis according to the current WHO classification system. Conclusions: The results suggest MCM2, MCM3 and MCM7 aberrations in glioma tumors portended a particularly aggressive clinical behavior.
Oxygen mediated synthesis of high quality InN nanowires above their decomposition temperature (2013)

A novel method for synthesis of high quality InN nanowires, at temperatures well above their decomposition temperature, has been demonstrated by utilizing controlled oxygen flow in the growth chamber. Detailed structural and chemical analyses indicate that the nanowires consist of pure InN, with no evidence of In2O3 detected by any of the characterization methods. It is proposed that the oxygen, pre-adsorbed on the Au catalyst surface, assists in accelerating the decomposition of NH3 at the growth temperature by providing high concentration of atomic nitrogen to assist in the growth, and prevent decomposition of the InN nanowires, without getting incorporated in them. The proposed role of oxygen is supported by improved material quality at higher oxygen flow rates.
The Effect of Hypocretin Replacement Therapy in a 3-Year-Old Weimaraner with Narcolepsy (2004)

A 3-year-old male neutered Weimaraner dog presented to the Cornell University Hospital for Animals with a chief complaint of acute onset cataplectic attacks, triggered by emotional events such as playing or eating.a The diagnosis of narcolepsy and cataplexy was made based on clinical signs and evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that contained a dramatically decreased hypocretin-1 concentration (Ͻ100 pg/mL; normal reference range, 200-350 pg/ mL). 1 To evaluate clinical signs on a repetitive basis during the course of treatment, the dog was trained to conduct food-elicited cataplexy tests (FECTs).a Both the number of attacks (NA) and elapsed time in collapse (ET) were measured as an index of cataplexy severity.Further supporting the diagnosis of narcolepsy and cataplexy, we measured a dramatic response to IV yohimbine (Figs 1, 2; NA and ET with no treatment: median, 6 collapses and 50.5 seconds, respectively; NA and ET with 0.048 g/kg IV: median, 0.5 collapses [P ϭ .004]and 9.5 seconds [P ϭ .005,Wilcoxon rank sum test], respectively). 2 Narcolepsy in dogs has been shown to affect more than 17 breeds. 3,4Two forms of the disease exist.In Doberman Pinschers, Labrador Retrievers, and Dachshunds, a familial form with early onset (Յ6 months of age) and autosomal recessive transmission has been reported.The familial form is caused by mutations in the hypocretin-receptor-2 gene. 5,6n most other cases, the disease is sporadic, the age of onset is variable, and the disease is associated with a loss of the hypocretin ligand. 7This more common form of narcolepsy in dogs is particularly interesting because it may be an equivalent of the human disorder.In humans, most cases are sporadic, with onset around adolescence, and patients typically have low concentrations of hypocretin-1 in CSF. 1 The disease in humans is associated closely with human leukocyte antigen HLA-DQ, and autoimmune destruction of hypocretincontaining cells has been proposed as the cause of the disorder. 8Studies have yet to demonstrate a DLA-DQ association in sporadic cases of narcolepsy in dogs.
From system requirements documents to integrated system modeling artifacts (2009)

In the development of embedded systems starting from high-level requirements and going over to system specification and further to architecture various aspects and issues have to be elicited, collected, analyzed and documented. These start from early phase contents like goals and high level requirements and go on to more concrete requirements and finally to system specifications, architecture design documents on which the final implementation of the system is based.
Numerical Investigation on the Mean Flow Fields Generated by an Oscillating Sphere (2022)

This work represents an attempt to provide an in-depth understanding of the three-dimensional flow physics related to the characterization of streaming flows due to the oscillating spherical body. The presence of any structure at sea will impact the local hydrodynamics of the site and therefore the local sediment dynamics. When a body oscillates while immersed in a quiescent fluid, the effects of their dynamic interaction are evident not only on the forces acting on the body but also on the flow field deformation by generating a non-zero mean flow. Thus, in many ocean engineering applications, it becomes necessary to understand not only the instantaneous events such as the wave-generated hydrodynamic forces acting on the structures but also the mean hydrodynamic pressure fields and fluid velocity fields. The non-linear streaming flows produced by an oscillating sphere driven in unidirectional simple harmonic motion in a quiescent fluid have been investigated. A comprehensive parametric study has been undertaken over a range of oscillatory Reynolds number and amplitude ratio and a quantitative assessment of the relation between the mean flows and the Lagrangian particle drift associated with the flow has been carried out. It is shown that while an inner mean viscous boundary layer flow is generated that is confined to a very small region near the sphere, a large mean outer vortex flow is generated that can extend a long way from the sphere along the axis of oscillation.
What is nonablative photorejuvenation of human skin? (2002)

Nonablative photorejuvenation has become an integral procedure in the emerging discipline of laser dermatologic surgery. The objective is to confine selectively, without any epidermal damage, thermal injury to the papillary, and upper reticular dermis leading to fibroblast activation and synthesis of new collagen and extracellular matrix material. The procedure results in minimal patient morbidity, no interference with lifestyle, and a low risk of complications, while providing a satisfying degree of rhytides reduction. Multiple devices have been studied and marketed for nonablative photorejuvenation of human skin. However, currently, nonablative photorejuvenation should not be considered an alternative to laser skin resurfacing. The skin surface is not removed or modified. What really occurs may be more accurately referred to as dermal "remodeling" or "toning" as a wound healing response is initiated and collagen regenerated. The narrow "therapeutic window" of laser-induced dermal heating and epidermal cooling must still be optimized so that effective treatments can be obtained routinely. Clinical verification of effective treatment parameters (irradiation wavelength, pulse structure, radiant exposure, cooling time) will be obtained through further human studies. Most importantly, understanding the relationship between the degree of dermal thermal injury and synthesis of new collagen and extracellular matrix material will be fundamental to predicting the clinical efficacy and limitations of nonablative photorejuvenation.