gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of hepatocyte growth factor expression by NF-κB and PPARγ in adipose tissue (2014)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is expressed as an angiogenic factor in adipose tissue. However, the molecular mechanism of Hgf expression remains largely unknown in the tissue. We addressed the issue by studying Hgf expression in adipocytes and macrophages. Hgf was expressed more in the stromal-vascular fraction than the adipocyte fraction. The expression was fivefold more in macrophages than the stromal-vascular faction and was reduced by 50% after macrophage deletion in adipose tissue. The expression was reduced by differentiation in adipocytes and by tumor necrosis factor-α or lipopolysaccharide treatment in macrophages. The expression was suppressed by nuclear factor (NF)-κB in C57BL/6 mice with NF-κB p65 overexpression under the aP2 gene promoter (aP2-p65 mice) but enhanced by inactivation of NF-κB p65 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The Hgf gene promoter was suppressed by p65 overexpression, which blocked peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) interaction with RNA polymerase II. The p65 activity was abolished by knockdown of histone deacetylase 3. Hgf expression was upregulated by hypoxia in vitro and in vivo. Compared with vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), which was predominately expressed in mature adipocytes, Hgf was mainly expressed in nonadipocytes, suggesting that Hgf and Vegf may have different cell sources in adipose tissue. In mechanism, Hgf expression is inhibited by NF-κB through suppression of PPARγ function in the Hgf gene promoter. Both Hgf and Vegf are induced by hypoxia. The study provides a molecular mechanism for the difference of inflammation and hypoxia in the regulation of angiogenic factors.
Effect of resistance exercise on muscle steroidogenesis (2008)

Circulating testosterone is elevated acutely following resistance exercise (RE) and is an important anabolic hormone for muscle adaptations to resistance training. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effect of heavy RE on intracrine muscle testosterone production in young resistance-trained men and women. Fifteen young, highly resistance-trained men (n = 8; 21 +/- 1 yr, 175.3 +/- 6.7 cm, 90.8 +/- 11.6 kg) and women (n = 7; 24 +/- 5 yr, 164.6 +/- 6.7 cm, 76.4 +/- 15.6 kg) completed 6 sets of 10 repetitions of Smith machine squats with 80% of their 1-repetition maximum. Before RE and 10 and 70 min after RE, muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis. Before RE, after 3 and 6 sets of squats, and 5, 15, 30, and 70 min into recovery from RE, blood samples were obtained using venipuncture from an antecubital vein. Muscle samples were analyzed for testosterone, 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type 3, and 3beta-HSD type 1 and 2 content. Blood samples were analyzed for glucose and lactate concentrations. No changes were found for muscle testosterone, 3beta-HSD type 1 and 2, and 17beta-HSD type 3 concentrations. However, a change in protein migration in the Bis-Tris gel was observed for 17beta-HSD type 3 postexercise; this change in migration indicated an approximately 2.8 kDa increase in molecular mass. These findings indicate that species differences in muscle testosterone production may exist between rats and humans. In humans, muscle testosterone concentrations do not appear to be affected by RE. This study expands on the current knowledge obtained from animal studies by examining resting and postexercise concentrations of muscle testosterone and steroidogenic enzymes in humans.
Data from RAS/MEK–Independent Gene Expression Reveals BMP2-Related Malignant Phenotypes in the <i>Nf1</i>-Deficient MPNST (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a type of soft tissue sarcoma that occurs in carriers of germline mutations in &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt; gene as well as sporadically. Neurofibromin, encoded by the &lt;i&gt;Nf1&lt;/i&gt; gene, functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) whose mutation leads to activation of wt-RAS and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) patients' tumors. However, therapeutic targeting of RAS and MAPK have had limited success in this disease. In this study, we modulated NRAS, mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)1/2, and neurofibromin levels in MPNST cells and determined gene expression changes to evaluate the regulation of signaling pathways in MPNST cells. Gene expression changes due to neurofibromin modulation but independent of NRAS and MEK1/2 regulation in MPNST cells indicated bone morphogenetic protein 2 (&lt;i&gt;Bmp2&lt;/i&gt;) signaling as a key pathway. The BMP2-SMAD1/5/8 pathway was activated in NF1-associated MPNST cells and inhibition of BMP2 signaling by LDN-193189 or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to BMP2 decreased the motility and invasion of NF1-associated MPNST cells. The pathway-specific gene changes provide a greater understanding of the complex role of neurofibromin in MPNST pathology and novel targets for drug discovery. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Res; 11(6); 616–27. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
An Experimental Investigation of Transition of a Plane Poiseuille Flow (1974)

The transition process of laminar flow between parallel plates is investigated experimentally. This problem has recently gained much attention with several reported works; however, the maximum transition Reynolds number reported has been approximately 3000 (based on average velocity and channel height) whereas the theoretical critical Reynolds number is 7700. Primary emphasis in this work is on approaching the theoretical limit in an experimental facility. A high aspect ratio (70 to 1) channel was used with air as the fluid. As the disturbance level at the entrance to the parallel plate section was reduced the transition Reynolds number increased monotonically. At a disturbance level of 0.3 percent the transition Reynolds number was 6700. Near transition small nearly sinusoidal waves in the critical shear layer were observed. The frequency of the waves was approximately 70 hertz, close to the frequency associated with the Tollmien-Schlichting waves of the critical point of linear theory. Sinusoidal waves preceded a turbulent burst which possessed an essentially plane front as it traveled downstream. As the Reynolds number was increased the bursting rate increased and the flow eventually became completely turbulent.
Neutrophil kinetics and lung injury (1987)

The fact that the lung stores a large proportion of the marginated pool of neutrophils is a result of the anatomy of the pulmonary microcirculation. This capillary bed is made up of a network of a very large number of segments, many of which have smaller diameters than the neutrophils. Both neutrophils and erythrocytes must deform to pass through the capillary bed, but as the neutrophils are larger and less deformable, they pass through the segments more slowly. The slower movement of neutrophils through the pulmonary capillaries produces little obstruction to erythrocyte flow because the very large number of segments allows the erythrocytes to stream around those that are filled with neutrophils. The size of the marginated pool of neutrophils in the lung depends on the balance between forces that propel the neutrophils through the capillary segments and those that tend to retard them. Activation of the PMN both decreases their deformability and increases their adherence to endothelium, which results in increased numbers of neutrophils in the lung and a reduction in the number circulating in the blood. There is growing evidence that the adherence of the neutrophil to the endothelial cell is mediated by the CD omega 18 on the surface of the neutrophil. The absence of these proteins leads to lack of neutrophil adherence and migration, whereas factors that enhance adherence lead to increased expression of these glycoproteins. The fact that activated neutrophils can also damage normal tissue has led to several attractive hypotheses concerning the pathogenesis of lung diseases such as emphysema and the ARDS. Further elucidation of factors that cause cells to marginate in the pulmonary circulation and a more complete understanding of the factors that control their adherence to endothelium, migration into the interstitial and airspace, and phagocytic function will undoubtedly lead to a better understanding of both the physiology and pathology of the lung.
Metodi geofisici per la caratterizzazione degli ammassi rocciosi (2004)

Vengono illustrati i risultati che si possono ottenere nello studio delle caratteristiche fisiche degli ammassi rocciosi con le diverse tecniche grofisiche
Evaluation of WB Coatings by Scanned Imaging Microscopy (2003)

Organic thick coatings (epoxy, polyurethane, and acrylic-urethane) have been widely applied to high modulus substrates (e.g., steel) for anticorrosion protection. To improve performance, reinforced components (clay, bochmite, nanopaticles, etc.) are usually added to these coatings. However, the acoustic evaluation of these coatings is difficult due to their low acoustic velocities and high attenuation coefficients. In this paper, first, the scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) is used to image sub-surfaces, coating/substrate interfaces, and to measure acoustic velocities. Different phases can be observed on some coatings and defects can be found at some interfaces. Secondly, the atomic force microscope (AFM) is applied to image surfaces at high resolution (compared to SAM). These results agree with SAM images. Thirdly, a nano-indentation technique is utilized to measure the reduced Young’s modulus and absolute hardness of the coatings. The results show that epoxy has the highest Young’s modulus and acrylic-urethane has the lowest. Reinforced components can either increase or decrease Young’s modulus, and hardness depending on the coating material. Finally, results from the SAM, AFM and nano-indentation are compared and analyzed to optimize the evaluation.
Providing high availability using lazy replication (1992)

To provide high availability for services such as mail or bulletin boards, data must be replicated. One way to guarantee consistency of replicated data is to force service operations to occur in the same order at all sites, but this approach is expensive. For some applications a weaker causal operation order can preserve consistency while providing better performance. This paper describes a new way of implementing causal operations. Our technique also supports two other kinds of operations: operations that are totally ordered with respect to one another and operations that are totally ordered with respect to all other operations. The method performs well in terms of response time, operation-processing capacity, amount of stored state, and number and size of messages; it does better than replication methods based on reliable multicast techniques.
Methods of Controlling Lift - off in Conductivity Invariance Phenomenon for Eddy Current Testing (2020)

&lt;p&gt;Previously, a conductivity invariance phenomena (CIP) has been discovered – at a certain lift-off, the inductance change of the sensor due to a test sample is immune to conductivity variations, i.e. the inductance – lift-off curve passes through a common point at a certain lift-off, termed as conductivity invariance lift-off. However, this conductivity invariance lift-off is fixed for a particular sensor setup, which is not convenient for various sample conditions. In this paper, we propose using two parameters in the coil design – the horizontal and vertical distances between the transmitter and the receiver to control the conductivity invariance lift-off. The relationship between these two parameters and the conductivity invariance lift-off is investigated by simulation and experiments and it has been found that there is an approximate linear relationship between these two parameters and the conductivity invariance lift-off. This is useful for applications where the measurements have restrictions on lift-off, e.g. uneven coating thickness which limits the range of the lift-off of probe during the measurements. Therefore, based on this relationship, it can be easier to adjust the configuration of the probe for a better inspection of the test samples.&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis of Thieno[3,2-d][1,2,3]-thiadiazoles. New Mechanistic Aspects of the Hurd-Mori Reaction (1998)

The synthesis of new thieno[3.2-4[1,2,3]thiadiazolederivatives is described.A modified reaction mechanism of the Hurd-Mori reaction is presented showing better agreement with the obtained results.In recent years 1,2,3-thiadiazoles have attracted some attention for pharmaceutical use1 as well as precursors for highly reactive intermediates ( e g thioketenes and alkynethiolate salts) In the course of our studies towards the synthesis of various types of new annelated 1,2,3-thiadia~oles,~ we were interested in methyl thieno[3,2-~[l,2,3]thiadiazolecarboxylates as new potential plant activators.For the construction of the parent ring system two synthetic approaches are reponed in the literature: the first one is the cyclization by diazotation of 3-amino-2-thio-substituted thiophenes (path A in Scheme I)." the second one (path B in Scheme I ) is the annelation via the Hurd-Mori reactionS
Conjugate Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by a Copper Carbene Complex (2003)

[reaction: see text] An N-heterocyclic carbene copper chloride (NHC-CuCl) complex (2) has been prepared and used to catalyze the conjugate reduction of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The combination of catalytic amounts of 2 and NaOt-Bu with poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) as the stoichiometric reductant generates an active catalyst for the 1,4-reduction of tri- and tetrasubstituted alpha,beta-unsaturated esters and cyclic enones. The active catalytic species can also be generated in situ from 1,3-bis(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)-imidazolium chloride (1) CuCl(2).2H(2)O in the presence of NaOt-Bu and PMHS.
NR2B-containing NMDA receptors are up-regulated in temporal cortex in schizophrenia (1999)

Saturation analyses of [3H]L-689,560, [3H]CGP 39653 and NMDA-specific [3H]ifenprodil binding revealed an equivalent increase (0.7 pmol/mg) in the number of [3H]L-689,560 and [3H]ifenprodil binding sites in superior temporal cortex (BA22) from drug-treated chronic schizophrenic patients and control subjects. No differences were observed between control and schizophrenic subjects for [3H]CGP 39653 binding in BA22, or for any of the radioligands binding to pre-motor cortex (BA6). Since [3H]L-689,560, [3H]CGP 39653 and [3H]ifenprodil label the glycine, glutamate and ifenprodil sites of the NMDA receptor complex, which are associated with NR1, NR1/NR2A and NR1/NR2B subunits respectively, our findings suggest that NR2B-containing receptors are selectively up-regulated in superior temporal cortex in schizophrenia.
A New Water‐Resistant Coating for AlN Powders (2004)

AlN powders were coated with a protective layer at temperatures between 1150‐1450°C in a vacuum by the reaction with SiO vapor. The waterproof property of the coated AlN powders was studied. The composition of the protective coating varied with the coating temperature. Si‐coated AlN powders at 1200°C showed excellent stability against hydrolysis. On the other hand, the coated layer was not observed when the AlN powders were treated at 1450°C. A silica layer was formed on the surface of the Si‐coated AlN powders by the oxidation treatment at 1000°C. These powders showed superior stability against hydrolysis compared to that of the commercially available silica‐coated AlN produced by the sol‐gel method. Compared to other processes used to coat AlN powders, the vaporization process using SiO vapor is simple and effective.
Parametric modelling of illumination systems (2003)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. Pfisterer, "<b>Parametric modelling of illumination systems</b>," in Frontiers in Optics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2003), paper TuL3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Massive WDM with Solitons (1998)

To meet the present demands of system builders, we are attempting to develop massive (many hundreds of Gbit/s total capacity) WDM at per-channel rates of 10 Gbit/s or higher, robust and error-free over transoceanic distances. We believe that this can be done only by combining the very best version of dispersion-managed solitons, sliding-frequency filters, and fibers with improved (low-slope) dispersion characteristics. Experimental results will be reviewed.
Genetically Different Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses in West Africa, 2015 (2016)

To trace the evolution of highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N1) virus in West Africa, we sequenced genomes of 43 viruses collected during 2015 from poultry and wild birds in 5 countries. We found 2 co-circulating genetic groups within clade 2.3.2.1c. Mutations that may increase adaptation to mammals raise concern over possible risk for humans.
Tanshinone IIA Protects against Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐ (DSS‐) Induced Colitis in Mice by Modulation of Neutrophil Infiltration and Activation (2016)

Neutrophils play a critical role in the initiation and maintenance of intestinal inflammation. However, conventional neutrophil-targeted therapies can impair normal host defense. Tanshinone IIA has been recently revealed to act directly on neutrophils. Hence, we aimed at investigating whether Tanshinone IIA can protect against experimental colitis through modulation of neutrophils. We induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice by giving 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) orally, and meanwhile, we treated mice daily with Tanshinone IIA intraperitoneally. The severity of colitis was evaluated by calculating disease activity index (DAI) and histological parameters. Neutrophil infiltration and activation in the colons of mice were measured. Moreover, whether Tanshinone IIA has direct effects on neutrophil migration and activation was determined in vitro. Our data showed that Tanshinone IIA significantly ameliorated the severity of DSS-induced colitis in mice, evidenced by the reduced DAI and improved colonic inflammation. In addition, Tanshinone IIA decreased neutrophil infiltration of intestinal mucosa and activation and reduced colonic inflammatory cytokines in DSS-treated mice. Furthermore, Tanshinone IIA was demonstrated to significantly suppress neutrophil migration and activation. These results provide compelling evidence that Tanshinone IIA has a therapeutic potential for alleviating inflammatory colitis in mice, which is possibly mediated by the immunomodulation of neutrophils.
Cystic Parathyroid Gland Hyperplasia—Hyperparathyroidism Presenting as a Neck Mass (1982)

Hyperparathyroidism may occasionally present as a neck mass resulting from cystic change in a parathyroid adenoma. We report an unusual instance of hyperparathyroidism presenting as a palpable, but asymptomatic hyperplastic parathyroid gland cyst. We conclude that hyperplastic parathyroid glands may undergo cystic degeneration resulting in a palpable neck mass; and that all functional parathyroid gland cysts are not necessarily adenomas. Therefore, during parathyroidectomy procedures, biopsy material from at least one additional parathyroid gland should be obtained.
Extraction de concepts et de relations en analyse relationnelle de concepts (ARC) (2007)

L'analyse de donnees complexes reste hors la portee de l'approche par treillis, essentiellement a cause des aspects relationnels inherents a ces donnees. Nous presentons une maniere de reconcilier l'AFC et les formats de donnes relationnelles.d'origine et le niveau de revenu de chacun.
Modelling of Using Hall Magnetic Sensor for Environmental Monitor of Micrometer-Sized Magnetite Particles (2021)

Hall Magnetic sensors for particles detection have been explored over the past decades. It has been mentioned that the detection has the potential in the applications of biomedicine and environmental monitor. In biomedicine, numerical researches of Hall sensor have been achieved for detecting bio-markers magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). On the contrary, Hall sensor for environmental monitor is seldom investigated. This paper carries out a pioneering investigation on Hall sensors for air quality detection. A modelling base on finite element method (FEM) software COMSOL is established to quantify the ability of Hall sensors in the measurement of micrometer-sized magnetite particles distributed in the air. Meanwhile, as the development of environmental magnetism in recent years, the modelling has the potential to provide the first protype of portable sensors for the detection of microsized magnetite particles in the air in the future.
SANS study of mixed cholesteric cellulose nanocrystal – gold nanorod suspensions (2020)

Self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) doped with anisotropic gold nanorods (AuNRs) was studied by small-angle neutron scattering. Correlation distances and structured domains were analysed to determine the influence of CNC and AuNR concentration on structuring. The transfer of the nematic structure of CNCs to AuNRs is explained in terms of an entropy-driven evolution from an isotropic to a cholesteric phase, with small nematic domains already present in the "isotropic" phase in equilibrium with the chiral nematic phase.
Cationic local composition fluctuations in rapidly cooled nuclear fuel melts (2022)

During a severe accident in a nuclear reactor, as it occurred in Fukushima Daiichi BWRs in 2011, the so-called “corium” resulting from the thermal fusion of nuclear fuel and interaction with the zircaloy cladding at high temperature (T > 2800 K) can be formed. During cooling phases in the vessel or outside of the vessel, corium is crystallized at solid state under the form of an uranium and zirconium oxide solid solution. Based on the severe accident scenario, different phenomena can occur such as Fuel Coolant Interaction (FCI). In those conditions, solidification paths will be far from thermodynamic equilibrium if the corium is cooled very quickly by interacting with water. At the CEA-Cadarache, on the PLINIUS Severe Accident Platform, FCI is studied at the KROTOS experimental facility using prototypical corium, i.e. with depleted uranium dioxide. Resulting from different stages of corium - water interaction, we hypothesis that a large cationic composition fluctuation takes place into these U1-xZrxO2±y crystals. Thanks to high-resolution X-ray diffraction experiments done at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation source at the MARS beamline, we were able to analyze at the quantitative level the cationic composition fluctuations that are strongly related to the cooling speed.