gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rare .alpha.-alkyl isomers of cobalamins: synthesis, characterization, and properties of two diastereomers of the .alpha.-alkylcobalamin, .alpha.-(2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)cobalamin (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRare .alpha.-alkyl isomers of cobalamins: synthesis, characterization, and properties of two diastereomers of the .alpha.-alkylcobalamin, .alpha.-(2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)cobalaminYun W. Alelyunas, Paul E. Fleming, Richard G. Finke, Thomas G. Pagano, and Luigi G. MarzilliCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 10, 3781–3794Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00010a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00010a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Core-Controlled Formation of Micellar Cubic Assemblies of Supramolecular Dendrimers:  From Their Mechanism to Formation of Gold Nanostructures (2006)

We prepared gold nanostructures from a taper-shaped supramolecular material (1-COOH) containing a carboxylic acid (−COOH) core, rigid biphenylene group, and three perfluorinated (−CF3) tails. The carboxylic core of the supramolecule serves as the site for reaction with the metal ions. We show that the self-assembling behavior of the material is strongly affected by substituting the carboxylic core of the supramolecule with a Na+ ion, followed by ion transfer of AuIII and subsequent reduction of AuIII with UV irradiation. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the structure of 1-COOH solution (THF) and [1-COO-−Na+] complex is disordered. However, the [1-COO-−AuIIICl3]- complex before UV irradiation exhibits liquid crystalline order with micellar cubic assemblies. This order and spacing are preserved during reduction of the metal salt with UV irradiation, although the intensities of the peaks increase. UV−visible spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the generation of the gold arrays in the presence of the supramolecular building block. Moreover, the size and shape of gold nanocrystals are controllable depending on UV irradiation time. These types of perfluorinated supramolecular templates have enhanced mesophase stability on account of the existence of strong intermolecular interactions, although many of these molecules are not traditional amphiphiles.
In-body to off-body channel modelling (2010)

Recently, implanted devices have provided a promising area in medical telemetry. To make a reliable communication link between an implanted device and a base station, knowledge about wave propagation is necessary. Although there are some formulas for the path loss from in-body to off-body devices, there is no statistical model for this channel. In this paper, a ray tracing method is applied to model a cardiac implant in-body to off-body channel in an indoor area. The frequency is 403 MHz, which is allocated for medical implant communication services (MICS). Simulation results show that the electric field probability distribution function is almost log-logistic. Because of ray tracing accuracy limitations at this frequency for indoor areas, the error of this method is also calculated. The error estimation results show that in most of the cases (more than 90%) the relative error is less than 100%.
Direct measurement of lithium in whole blood using microchip capillary electrophoresis with integrated conductivity detection (2004)

The direct measurement of lithium in whole blood is described. Using microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) with defined sample loading and applying the principles of column coupling, alkali metals were determined in a drop of whole blood. Blood collected from a finger stick was mixed with anticoagulant and transferred onto the chip without extraction or removal of components. The electrokinetic transport of red blood cells inside the channels was studied to find sample loading conditions suitable for the analysis of lithium without injecting cells into the separation channel. Both bare glass chips and chips coated with polyacrylamide were used showing the behavior of the cells under different electroosmotic flow conditions. In serum a detection limit for lithium of 0.4 mmol/L was reached. Proteins quickly contaminated untreated chip surfaces but devices with coating gave reproducible electropherograms. In addition, potassium and sodium were also detected in the same separation run. To our knowledge, this is the first device to directly measure ions in whole blood with the use of capillary zone electrophoresis on a microchip.
Cross-linking of surface IgG induces apoptosis in a bcl-2 expressing human follicular lymphoma line of mature B cell phenotype (1994)

We have established three lymphoma cell lines, HF-1 from one follicular lymphoma (FL) patient, and HF-4 and HF-9 from another. All cell lines carry the characteristic t(14;18) chromosomal translocation and express constitutively the bcl-2 gene product (Bcl-2 protein). Cross-linking of their surface membrane Igs (sIgs) with relevant antibodies triggers a vigorous calcium signal in all three lines but only HF-1 is induced to apoptosis. Treatment with anti-Ig arrests the proliferation of HF-1 within 6-12 h, nucleosomal DNA fragmentation is evident in 18 h and a morphologically complete apoptosis is seen in 24-48 h. While bcl-2 was expressed at equal levels in all lines, the apoptosis-sensitive HF-1 line displayed a much lower expression of c-myc than seen in the apoptosis-resistant line. This finding challenges the concept that expression of bcl-2 per se renders resistance to apoptosis but that the balance between the expression of bcl-2 and c-myc may dictate the outcome of sIg cross-linking. HF-1 is a unique, phenotypically mature human B cell line expressing surface IgG. This cell line offers a new tool for investigations on apoptosis and induction of tolerance in mature B lymphocytes. Our results suggest that some FLs may be amenable to anti-cancer treatment based on anti-sIg antibody induced apoptosis.
Building a classifier for identifying sentences pertaining to disease-drug relationships in tardive dyskinesia (2012)

In this paper, we attempt to build a pipeline that identifies and extracts disease-drug relationships via sentence classification, and demonstrate the feasibility and utility of our approach using tardive dyskinesia as a case study. We manually developed and annotated a biomedicai training corpus for tardive dyskinesia. Using 10-fold cross validation, we tested and trained a naïve Bayes classifier to identify sentences pertaining to disease-drug relationships. Our precision, recall, and F-measure were all approximately 66%, and area under the ROC curve was over 80%. Our method helps to elucidate various drug effects on tardive dyskinesia and constitutes an initial effort toward the task of disease-drug relationship extraction.
A Heat Pump Desiccant Unit for Dehumidification and Humidification (2008)

A novel self-regenerating electric vapor compression heat pump desiccant (HPD) unit is introduced.The HPD unit dehumidifies the outdoor air during ventilation while cooling is needed, and uses only the moisture in the outdoor and return air to humidify the indoors during ventilation when heating is needed, and does not require additional water sources like the conventional humidifiers.It is found that the HPD unit provides and maintains the target indoor humidity ratio of 10 g/kg during the dehumidification mode, and for the humidification mode, it is obtained that, the HPD unit can trap significant amount of return air humidity and add it to the outdoor air.
Effects of sodium valproate and 4en-valproic acid on isolated hepatocytes of guinea pigs. (1991)

The effects of valproic acid (VPA) (100 to 2,000 micrograms/ml) and its metabolite 4en-valproic acid (4enVPA) (2 to 2,000 micrograms/ml) on plasma membrane permeability of isolated hepatocytes of guinea pigs were studied. The ability of hepatocytes to exclude trypan blue was decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) by VPA at concentrations higher than 100 micrograms/ml. The leakage of intracellular enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), were not significantly increased by VPA within therapeutic concentrations (100-200 micrograms/ml). However, GOT and GPT leakage were significantly increased (p less than 0.05) by VPA, 500 micrograms/ml, but tended to decrease with further increases in VPA concentration. The enzyme leakage or trypan blue exclusion was not significantly altered by 10 micrograms/ml 4enVPA unless phenytoin (PT) (20 micrograms/ml) or phenobarbital (PB) (20 micrograms/ml) was presented. Higher concentrations of 4enVPA significantly decreased the trypan blue exclusion as well as increased GOT and GPT leakage of hepatocytes. Under scanning electron microscopic examination some hepatocytes at therapeutic concentrations of VPA or 4enVPA showed blebs on the membrane. Higher drug concentrations caused serious membrane damage such as pits and pores. These results suggest that there may be at least two mechanisms for the hepatotoxic effect of VPA. One may occur at therapeutic concentrations of VPA, resulting in increases in membrane permeability and decreases in membrane tension of hepatocytes. The other mechanism may occur at high concentrations of VPA or 4enVPA, resulting in substantial damage to the hepatocyte membrane.
An EIT electrode protocol for obtaining optimal current density in the primary visual cortex (2004)

We are developing a new imaging modality, which may be capable of imaging small impedance changes in the human head due to neuronal depolarization. As the human skull is irregular in shape and less conductive, a key issue at present is to know the current density distribution at specific regions in the brain and through which electrodes current can be injected for optimum results. We have developed a realistic Finite Element Method (FEM) of the head, which includes our region of interest, the primary visual cortex (V1) and simulated a physiological change of the variation in conductivity of V1 when neurons are firing during a visual evoked response. A near DC current of 100 μA was driven through possible pairs of 31 electrodes using EIT techniques. The resulting surface potentials were calculated when the whole head remained unperturbed, or when the conductivity of V1 changed by 1%. The greatest mean current density through V1 was 0.020 ± 0.005 μAmm, and occurred with injection through two electrodes positioned near the occipital cortex. The corresponding maximum change in potential from baseline was about 0.02%. Saline tank experiments confirmed the accuracy of the estimated standing potentials. This has permitted us to estimate electrode positions most likely to permit recording of changes in human experiments and suggests that the changes, although tiny, may just be discernible from noise.
A novel integrated antenna for millimeter-wave personal communications systems (1998)

Presents the design and experimental results of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) aperture-coupled patch antenna for the extremely high frequency (EHF) band around a center frequency of 37 GHz. The antenna is implemented on a high dielectric constant substrate (/spl epsiv//sub r/=9.9), which is close to the dielectric constant of GaAs and demonstrates the feasibility of integration of such an antenna structure into monolithic circuits. The major advantage of this configuration is that the reverse side of the antenna can be used for the active and feed components. The antenna structure combines the advantages of a CPW with those of the aperture-coupled microstrip antenna and simplifies the structure of the antenna by reducing the number of metallization levels, from three down to two. In addition, this type of coupling is advantageous when applied to millimeter-wave monolithic phased arrays. A unique feed design eliminates the competition for a surface space between the antenna elements and the feed network. In addition, the ground plane shields the antenna half-space from spurious radiation emitted by feed lines and active devices. Finally, aperture coupling avoids problems associated with probe feeds at millimeter-wave frequencies, such as complexity of construction and large probe self reactances. This new type of antenna opens ways to a large number of a new possibilities such as active antennas for millimeter-wave personal communications using monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) on the same substrate and a combination of optical and radio transmission.
A new method for the preparation of 1,2-benzisoxazole-3-carboxaldehyde (2005)

Synthesis of 1,2-benzisoxazole-3-carboxaldehyde is achieved from 3-methyl 1,2-benzisoxazole via 3-ethoxymethyl-1,2-benzisoxazole (4).
Self-referenced temporal phase reconstruction from intensity measurements using causality arguments in linear optical filters (2012)

We introduce and numerically demonstrate a simple and general concept for direct reconstruction of the temporal phase profile of an optical signal from temporal intensity measurements at the input and output of an arbitrary linear optical filter. The concept is based on exploiting the linearity and causality properties of any physical filter. Very few restrictions need to be imposed on the optical filter response to ensure an unambiguous phase reconstruction. The filter can be specifically designed to minimize the noise influence on the measurement process.
Evaluation of Cardiovascular Stress Reaction Using HPCD Method on a Beat-by-beat Basis (2010)

In order to establish a bionic model/system in cardiovascular fields, comprehension of hemodynamics is important. In this study, a novel beat-by-beat hemodynamic system evaluation method named “beat-by-beat HPCD method” is proposed and evaluated.　Gregg’s theoretically driven model of hemodynamics which was called “HPCD method” is improved by using non-invasive and beat-by-beat cardiovascular measurement of mean blood pressure and cardiac output. Continuous beat-by-beat measurements of MBP and CO were done on three healthy male subjects during three hours. In the measurement, a five minutes cold pressor test was executed in each subject and also each subject did exercise using a bicycle ergometer in five minutes and walked during 15 minutes. Measured beat-by-beat MBP and CO can derive beat-by-beat HP (hemodynamic profile) and CO (compensation deficit). Then, beat-by-beat changes clearly observed from plots on HP axis and CD axis plane. More vascular response can be observed on cold pressor and more myocardial response can be observed on ergometer exercise. During walking period, the response is intermediate between cold pressor and ergometer exercise. Finally, the proposed method can be considered as applicable to evaluate cardiovascular bionic system especially on evaluation of a person being subjected to stress. Keywords: hemodynamics; stress; cardiovascular system; hemodynamic profile and compensation deficit model
A new cysteine framework in sodium channel blocking conotoxins (1995)

Two novel sodium channel blocking peptides from the venom of the molluscivorous snail Conus pennaceus, muPnIVA and muPnIVB, are described. Elucidation of their amino acid sequences was complicated by a previously undescribed anomalous product of reduction and pyridylethylation, which occurs on N-terminal cysteine residues and gives a PTH derivative eluting at the same position as PTH-Trp in reverse-phase chromatography. The amino acid sequences of the toxins were determined by a combination of Edman degradation and mass-spectrometric techniques as CCKYGWTCLLGCSPCGC (PnIVA) and CCKYGWTCWLGCSPCGC (PnIVB). These toxins block sodium channels in molluscan neurons, but have no effect on sodium currents in bovine chromaffin cells or in rat brain synaptosomes. Although there is only one amino acid difference in the two sequences, PnIVB is approximately 6 times more potent than PnIVA in blockade of the sodium current in Lymnaea neurons. The PnIV sequences reveal a new cysteine residue framework for conotoxins (CC-----C---C--C-C). Strikingly, the only charged residue in PnIVA/B is Lys3. Iodination reaction experiments on the adjacent Tyr4 suggest that this region of the peptide must be solvent exposed and essential for activity. These structurally novel mu-conotoxins target a sodium channel subtype with low affinity for tetrodotoxin and therefore provide new probes for functional studies on sodium channels.
Methods for Improving the Transmission-Conversion Efficiency from Transmitting Antenna to Rectenna Array in Microwave Power Transmission (2018)

This letter describes two methods for improving the transmission-conversion efficiency in microwave power transmission (MPT). On one hand, according to the obtained formula, the transmission-conversion efficiency can be improved by optimizing the amplitude distribution and phase distribution on the aperture of the transmitting antenna. On the other hand, when the distribution of the aperture is fixed and the equal amplitude with in-phase distribution is taken as an example, the transmission-conversion efficiency can also be improved by adopting nonuniform rectenna array. The transmission-conversion efficiency formula is rederived for this case since the size of partial units increases. Lastly, an MPT system is established, and the corresponding transmission-conversion efficiencies are calculated. Compared with the initial case where the transmitting antenna has an equal amplitude with in-phase aperture distribution and the receiving aperture is composed of a uniform rectenna array, the obtained transmission-conversion efficiencies of optimizing aperture distribution and nonuniform rectenna array increased by 25% and 24.9%, respectively. However, if the transmitting antenna is far from the rectenna array, the transmission-conversion efficiencies in these three cases tend to be the same.
Comparison of the expression of a T?1:nlacZ transgene and T?1 ?-tubulin mRNA in the mature central nervous system (1996)

We have previously demonstrated that one member of the alpha-tubulin multigene family, termed T alpha 1 in rats, is a panneuronal gene that is regulated as a function of neuronal growth and regeneration. Moreover, 1.1 kb of the 5' upstream region from this gene is sufficient to direct expression of a marker gene to growing neurons in transgenic mice. In this report, we have characterized the distribution of the T alpha 1:nlacZ transgene in the mature central nervous system in two lines of transgenic mice and have compared its expression to that of the endogenous T alpha 1 alpha-tubulin mRNA. These results demonstrate that the pattern of expression of the T alpha 1:nlacZ transgene is similar to that of T alpha 1 mRNA, with a few notable differences. Furthermore, expression of the transgene and the mRNA within the mature brain is panneuronal and, in many cases, is highest in those populations of neurons that show some capacity for morphological growth. These results, together with our previous studies on mature regenerating neurons (Gloster et al. [1994] J. Neurosci. 14:7319-7330; Wu et al. [1994] Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 20:542) suggest that the T alpha 1:nlacZ transgene will provide a useful marker of growth-associated gene expression in the mature nervous system.
Selective organic synthesis through generation and reactivity control of hyper‐coordinate metal species (2008)

This paper is a review of my 40 years of research at Kyoto, Sagamihara, and Yokohama, all based on the generation of hyper-coordinate metal species such as ate complexes and pentacoordinate silicates. The topics are: (i) carbenoid reagents for carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions, (ii) nucleophilic substitution at acetal carbons using aluminate reagents, (iii) preparation of magnesium enolates and its reaction with nitriles, (iv) Cr(II) reagents for reduction of organic halides and highly selective carbon-carbon bond formation, (v) organic synthesis with organosilion reagents/fluoride ions, (vi) cross-coupling reaction of organosilicon compounds, and (vii) silicon-based conjugate addition to alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl acceptors.
Characterization of Long-Term Effector-Memory T-Cell Responses in Patients with Resected High-Risk Melanoma Receiving a Melanoma Peptide Vaccine (2004)

The authors determined whether long-term memory T cells could be detected in patients who received a multipeptide vaccine for high-risk resected melanoma. Five HLA-A*0201 patients received a vaccine that included the gp100(209-217) (210M) peptide with Montanide ISA 51. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained before therapy, after 6 months of vaccinations, and from 18 months to 36 months later. The presence of gp100 antigen-specific cytolytic T cells was measured by ELISPOT, tetramer and chromium release assays. Tetramer-positive CD8 cells were phenotyped by flow cytometry for markers including CD44, CD45RA, and CCR7. T-cell avidity and its evolution over time were examined in selected patients. Epitope spreading was analyzed by assessment of gp100(280-288) (288V) T cells. All patients exhibited a significant increase in tetramer-positive gp100-specific CD8 T cells that decayed at different rates over 18 to 36 months after vaccinations. Cells from all patients exhibited an effector-memory phenotype and were generally CD45 RA low/CCR7 negative and CD44 positive. Tetramer-positive cells declined over time in four of the five patients, but the proportion of tetramer-positive CD8 cells that secreted gamma-interferon rose, suggesting enrichment for effector cells. Epitope spreading for the gp100(280-288) (288V) epitope was detected. One patient maintained a population of 2.5% circulating gp100 tetramer-positive cells over 36 months. Avidity analysis showed no changes over time after induction of antigen-specific T cells. Vaccination with a heteroclitic melanoma antigen peptide with Montanide ISA 51 generated populations of circulating functional effector-memory T cells that were specific for gp100 and long-lived in the circulation for periods of 18 to 36 months after vaccination.