gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA microarrays with PAMAM dendritic linker systems (2002)

The DNA microarray-based analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is important for the correlation of genetic variations and individual phenotypes, and for locating disease-causing genes. To facilitate the development of surfaces suitable for immobilization of oligonucleotides, we report here a novel method for the surface immobilization of DNA using pre-fabricated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) starburst dendrimers as mediator moieties. Dendrimers containing 64 primary amino groups in their outer sphere are covalently attached to silylated glass supports and, subsequently, the dendritic macromolecules are modified with glutaric anhydride and activated with N-hydroxysuccinimide. As a result of the dendritic PAMAM linker system the surfaces reveal both a very high immobilization efficiency for amino-modified DNA-oligomers, and also a remarkable high stability during repeated regeneration and re-using cycles. The performance of dendrimer-based DNA microarrays in the discrimination of SNPs is demonstrated.
Impacts of the East Asian Monsoon on springtime dust concentrations over China (2016)

Abstract We use 150 year preindustrial simulations of the Community Earth System Model to quantify the impacts of the East Asian Monsoon strength on interannual variations of springtime dust concentrations over China. The simulated interannual variations in March‐April‐May (MAM) dust column concentrations range between 20–40% and 10–60% over eastern and western China, respectively. The dust concentrations over eastern China correlate negatively with the East Asian Monsoon (EAM) index, which represents the strength of monsoon, with a regionally averaged correlation coefficient of −0.64. Relative to the strongest EAM years, MAM dust concentrations in the weakest EAM years are higher over China, with regional relative differences of 55.6%, 29.6%, and 13.9% in the run with emissions calculated interactively and of 33.8%, 10.3%, and 8.2% over eastern, central, and western China, respectively, in the run with prescribed emissions. Both interactive run and prescribed emission run show the similar pattern of climate change between the weakest and strongest EAM years. Strong anomalous northwesterly and westerly winds over the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts during the weakest EAM years result in larger transport fluxes, and thereby increase the dust concentrations over China. These differences in dust concentrations between the weakest and strongest EAM years (weakest‐strongest) lead to the change in the net radiative forcing by up to −8 and −3 W m −2 at the surface, compared to −2.4 and +1.2 W m −2 at the top of the atmosphere over eastern and western China, respectively.
Influence of Plasticization Time, Curing Conditions, Storage Time, and Core Properties on the Drug Release from Aquacoat-Coated Pellets (2001)

Theophylline or chlorpheniramine maleate pellets were coated with an aqueous ethylcellulose dispersion, Aquacoat. The influence of the plasticization time, curing conditions, storage time, and core properties on the drug release were investigated. The plasticization time (time between plasticizer addition to the polymer dispersion and the spraying process) did not affect the drug release, when the water-soluble plasticizer triethyl citrate, was used because of its rapid uptake by the colloidal polymer particles. In contrast, with the water-insoluble plasticizer acetyltributyl citrate (ATBC), plasticization time (1/2 h vs 24 h) influenced the drug release, the longer plasticization time resulted in a slower drug release because of a more complete plasticizer uptake prior to the coating step. However a thermal aftertreatment of the coated pellets at eleylated temperatures (curing step) reduced/eliminated the effect of the plasticization time with ATBC. In general, curing reduced the drug release and resulted in stable drug release profiles. The time period between the coating and the curing step was not critical when the pellets were cured for a longer time. The structure of the pellet core (high dose matrix vs low dose layered pellet) strongly affected the drug release. A slow, zero-order drug release was obtained with high dose theophylline pellets, while a more rapid, first-order release pattern was obtained with low dose theophylline-layered nonpareil pellets.
Molecular Self-Assembly of Aliphatic Thiols on Gold Colloids (1996)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were formed on gold colloids in 50% aqueous ethanol in the presence of alkanethiols, HS(CH2)nR, where R represents a series of neutral and acidic functional groups. Chemiadsorption of alkanethiols onto the gold colloids significantly changed the rates of flocculation of the gold dispersions; the magnitudes of these pH-dependent changes were a function of chain length, n, and the terminal functionality, R, in a manner consistent with formation of SAMs on the colloid surface. The reduced rate of dissolution of alkanethiol-treated colloids by wet chemical etchants, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data further support the formation of SAMs.
The successful use of alemtuzumab for treatment of steroid‐refractory acute graft‐versus‐host disease in pediatric patients (2013)

SR-aGVHD remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic HCT recipients. Alemtuzumab has been used with success in adult patients but has not been studied in the pediatric setting. To estimate the effectiveness of alemtuzumab for the treatment of SR-aGVHD in pediatric patients, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of 19 patients (median age 4 yr, range 0.5-28 years) with grades II (n = 3), III (n = 10), or IV (n = 6) SR-aGVHD who received alemtuzumab treatment. Patients received a median dose of 0.9 mg/kg alemtuzumab (range 0.3-2 mg/kg) divided over 2-6 days. Eighty-nine percent of patients received additional courses. A complete response, defined as GVHD of grade 0 at four wk following the first alemtuzumab course, was observed in nine patients (47%). A partial response, defined as an improvement in grade after four wk, was observed in five patients (26%). There was no response in five patients (26%). The overall response rate at four wk was 73%. Infectious complications included bacteremia (47%), presumed or documented fungal infections (21%), adenovirus viremia (52%), EBV viremia (36%), and CMV viremia (36%). We conclude that alemtuzumab is effective for SR-aGVHD in pediatric patients with a tolerable spectrum of complications.
Demystify Statistical Significance--Time to Move on From the P Value to Bayesian Analysis (2010)

Compared to the long histories of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology, statistics is a young science. Rooted in mathematics, statistics is a science of quantitative reasoning. It provides a formal framework for assessing the strength of evidence in the midst of uncertainty. More specifically, statistics allows one to quantify the probability of an event to make proper inference. It provides tools that we can use to sift through mountains of information to identify the signal and filter out the noise. Recently, the United Nations declared October 20, 2010, as “World Statistics Day.” The declaration stated “On 20 October 2010, the World will celebrate the first World Statistics Day, to raise awareness of the many achievements of official statistics premised on the core values of service, integrity and professionalism” (1).
Adsorption of bismuth(III) by bayberry tannin immobilized on collagen fiber (2006)

Abstract The adsorption behavior of collagen fiber‐immobilized bayberry tannin towards Bi(III) at acidic pH values was investigated. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent towards Bi(III) was 0.348 mmol g −1 at 303 K, and increased with the rise in temperature. The adsorption isotherms of Bi(III) were in the shape of so‐called type II isotherms and could be described by an empirical equation, ln q e = k + (1/ n ) C e , which implies that chemical adsorption is predominant at lower concentrations of Bi(III) and that physical adsorption is involved at higher concentrations. The adsorption kinetics of Bi(III) on the immobilized bayberry tannin could be well described by the pseudo‐second‐order rate model, and the adsorption capacities calculated by the model were almost the same as those determined by actual measurements. The adsorbent could be regenerated by using 0.02 mol dm −3 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution after adsorption of Bi(III). The adsorption selectivity of the immobilized bayberry tannin towards Bi(III) in a Cu(II)–Bi(III) binary solution in acidic medium was remarkable. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that the immobilized bayberry tannin could be applied to the removal of Bi(III) from crude Cu(II) samples under proper conditions. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Green, Transition‐Metal‐Free Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols Using a Highly Durable Supported Organocatalyst (2007)

Up-tempo catalysis: The nitroxyl radical 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) supported on the mesoporous material SBA-15 provides a highly stable and reusable catalyst (1) for the aerobic oxidation of primary, secondary, and highly hindered alcohols. The catalyst can be recovered and reused in at least another 14 reaction cycles. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z701918_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Effect of Stabilizing Agent on Platinum Nanoparticles and Implications Towards the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2011)

Abstract ABSTRACT: The stability of precious metals under acidic conditions is a potential challenge for several applications, including proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Strategies addressing this problem have been tested, including the addition of organic stabilizing agents such as polypyrrole. Organic stabilizing agents also have been used to synthesize precious metal nanoparticles by assisting in the regulation of the nucleation and growth rates. In this study, the stability of 3 nm Pt nanoparticles, synthesized using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent, under acidic conditions was assessed. Well-defined 3 nm Pt nanoparticles were synthesized using a combination of metal precursor, Hexachloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6), surfactant (PVP), alcohol (methanol), and water. The metal ion reduction rate was controlled by choosing an appropriate alcohol concentration and surfactant amount. Electrocatalytic properties of the nanoparticles were investigated using cyclic voltammetry electrochemistry experiments, to determine the corresponding electrochemical stability. Batches of washed (in cycles of hexane and ethanol) and unwashed nanoparticles were cycled between the hydrogen and oxygen reduction potentials. Results from the electrochemistry experiment were further correlated with temperature-programmed oxidation experiments after supporting the nanoparticles on silica. Detailed results of this work are presented in this paper, and potential implications for the oxygen reduction reaction and PEMFCs are discussed.
LiNi x Cu0.5 − x Mn1.5 O 4 Spinel Electrodes, Superior High‐Potential Cathode Materials for Li Batteries: I. Electrochemical and Structural Studies (1999)

(0 ≤ x ≤0.5) spinel materials that are of interest as electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries have been studied by crystallographic and electrochemical methods. Electrochemical results show that the inclusion of Ni into the Cu‐modified spinel increases the overall reversible capacity from 72 mAh/g with at 4.95 V to 120 mAh/g with at 4.6 V. The Cu‐rich spinels in the system show enhanced stability upon cycling. These spinel products are difficult to prepare in single‐phase form. Neutron diffraction data show that the end members and contain small amounts of lithium‐nickel‐oxide and lithium‐copper‐oxide impurity phases, respectively; these impurities affect the composition of the spinel component. The composition of the spinel component in was determined from a combined X‐ray and neutron diffraction profile refinement to be . © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Expansion of the Rio Prieto Water Distribution System (2008)

Sponsored by the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority, this project provides a hydraulic model for the expansion and optimization of water to the Rio Prieto region in the southwest of Puerto Rico. The technical and social-economic-political aspects of the expansion were examined through interviews, site visits, mapping and digitizing infrastructure, and determining population demand. Upon analysis of the hydraulic model, population predictions, and supply and demand data, the project team provided recommendations in order to aid in the expansion of the water distribution network.
Intratracheal Instillation of Silica Up-Regulates Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Increases Nitric Oxide Production in Alveolar Macrophages and Neutrophils (1994)

Alveolar macrophages (AM) exposed to cytokines or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produce the free radical nitric oxide (NO.) by an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). They also release reactive oxygen free radicals following exposure to silica dust. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether NO. is produced by rat AM and/or recruited leukocytes following the intratracheal (IT) instillation of silica. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (175 to 225 g) were IT instilled with either silica dust (10 mg/100 g body wt) or LPS (0.25 mg/100 g body wt). After 24 h, bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BALC) and lavaged lung tissue were assayed for iNOS mRNA. Cell counts of BALC and iNOS-dependent (N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [L-NAME]-inhibitable) chemiluminescence generated by AM were also determined. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the steady-state levels of BALC iNOS mRNA were significantly increased by 3-fold following IT silica and by 7-fold following IT LPS. Partially enriched fractions of either AM or leukocytes from silica-treated rats both exhibited significantly elevated iNOS mRNA in Northern analysis. iNOS-dependent chemiluminescence was significantly increased in AM by 36-fold following IT silica and by 89-fold following IT LPS. Differential counts of BALC showed that AM numbers did not change in any of the treatments; however, red blood cells increased by 30-fold following IT silica and by 23-fold following IT LPS. Total leukocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes plus lymphocytes) increased by 58-fold following IT silica and by 274-fold following IT LPS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Extract Enhances Exercise Capacity in Mouse Model (2016)

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is used in traditional herbal medicine in many Asian countries for the treatment of several diseases such as diabetes, eczema, night blindness, psoriasis, and rheumatism. Especially, most reports concerning the biological activities of bitter melon have focused on its effects on diabetes and hyperglycemia. Also, bitter melon is regarded as a longevity food, suggesting that it has several beneficial effects on anti-aging and the maintenance of a healthy state. Thus, we investigated whether bitter melon could increase the capacity of exercise in this study. Interestingly, bitter melon fruit extract activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is important for regulating glucose homeostasis, mitochondrial content and exercise capacity. In addition, bitter melon extract increased the expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation such as mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b (CPT1b), and pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4). Moreover, exercise tolerance was much more enhanced in bitter melon treated animals compared to the non-treated control group. These results suggest that bitter melon is a promising candidate for the development of functional foods beneficial for physical strength and the enhancement of exercise capacity.
A Nonsmooth Dynamical Systems Perspective on Accelerated Extensions of ADMM (2018)

Recently, there has been great interest in connections between continuous-time dynamical systems and optimization methods, notably in the context of accelerated methods for smooth and unconstrained problems. In this paper we extend this perspective to nonsmooth and constrained problems by obtaining differential inclusions associated to novel accelerated variants of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Through a Lyapunov analysis, we derive rates of convergence for these dynamical systems in different settings that illustrate an interesting tradeoff between decaying versus constant damping strategies. We also obtain modified equations capturing fine-grained details of these methods, which have improved stability and preserve the leading order convergence rates. An extension to general nonlinear equality and inequality constraints in connection with singular perturbation theory is provided.
TTP — Desperation, Empiricism, Progress (1991)

Wendell Rosse of the Duke University Medical Center once remarked about paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria that "more people study the disease than have it." Another uncommon disorder, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), is the subject of two articles in this issue of the Journal.1 , 2 First described by Moschcowitz in 1924, the illness has fascinated physicians with its dramatic clinical presentations, high mortality rate, and more recently, the effectiveness of empirical therapy.3 The platelet aggregates in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura produce fluctuating ischemia or infarction in various organs, including the brain in 50 to 71 percent of the episodes.1 , 2 In the closely related . . .
Role of Magnesium in the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Lipopolysaccharides of Rough Escherichia coli Strain J5 and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1980)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of a rough strain of Escherichia coli (J5) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was developed. When standard methods of this assay were applied to these LPSs, no antibody was measured. By radiolabeling smooth and rough endotoxins with 51Cr, it was discovered that the rough LPS was not adhering to the polystyrene tubes. When Mg++ was added, however, all endotoxins absorbed to the solid phase. With this assay antiserum to core glycolipid had higher titers against its smooth parent strain than did homologous glycolipid had higher titers against its smooth parent strain that did homologous antiserum, and antisera to gonococci had high homologous but low heterologous titers. Thus, these data demonstrate that bulky O side chains do not hinder the penetration of antibody to core glycolipid and that LPSs from gonococci are heterogeneous but do cross-react.
Étude sur la renaissance de la sculpture en France à l'époque romane (1925)

Deschamps Paul. Étude sur la renaissance de la sculpture en France à l'époque romane. In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 84, année 1925. pp. 5-98.
Green applications (2007)

Energy consumption is a major cost of operating IT equipment in organizations and data centers. Hardware and software manufacturers are beginning to include power saving options in a range of products from processors to operating systems (OS). Previous work on power saving has focused mainly on OS control of the operating modes of laptop computers and mobile devices to maximize battery life. To take full advantage of these newly available energy saving features, we have developed a power management agent with a set of power control and monitoring interfaces which allows power saving features to be implemented on individual applications. We call these power saving capable applications Green Applications.
A pilot study of exercise training to reduce trunk fat in adults with HIV-associated fat redistribution (1999)

Exercise training may reduce trunk fat mass in HIV-positive men with fat redistribution. Controls trials of this approach are warranted.
Choice of Distribution System in the New Zealand Life Insurance Industry (1996)

Using 1988–93 panel data drawn from the New Zealand life insurance industry, this paper examines empirically the notion that the choice of distribution system is an efficient contracting solution to incentive conflicts between owners, managers and sales agents in life insurance firms. Consistent with what was hypothesised, the empirical results suggest that choice of distribution system is distinguished by organisational form, firm size, and sales commission. However, contrary to expectations, the variables representing product diversity and asset specificity were found not to be statistically significant. The empirical results thus lend mixed support for prior predictions.
The Heavy Mineral Indicator Adds a New Dimension to Airborne Radiometrics (2018)

Summary For many years the output of radiometric surveys are maps of total count gamma activity and estimations of K, U, Th. Our work puts the focus upon using the long neglected aspects of the radiometric spectrum: the scattered gamma ray radiation. The heavy mineral indicator (HMI) is computed form a ration of low energy versus high energy scattered gamma rays. It is in effect the ratio of Photoelectric effect versus Compton effects. The Elashgin case history demonstrates that low-level and high resolution full spectrum radiometrics provides good data for the HMI technique. HMI values are dominated by Fe concentration due the abundance of Fe over other high atomic number elements. Areas composed of higher atomic numbers, mostly due to the iron content, such as ferricretes and laterite show up clearly in the Elashgin data without the need to be “interpreted” with respect to geological context. With the high resolution of modern radiometrics on planes and future drones this technique works well for remote sensing. An exciting aspect of HMI analysis for airborne radiometrics is not just the future, but the past: many high quality full spectrum data sets already exist and may be easily reprocessed to reveal new geological insights.
DP-Fusion: A generic framework for online multi sensor recognition (2012)

Multi sensor fusion has been widely used in recognition problems. Most existing works highly depend on the calibration between different sensors, but less on modeling and reasoning of the co-incidence of multiple hints. In this paper, we propose a generic framework for recognition and clustering problem using a non-parametric Dirichlet hierarchical model, named DP-Fusion. It enables online labeling, clustering and recognition of sequential data simultaneously, while considering multiple types of sensor readings. The algorithm is data-driven, which does not depend on priorknowledge of the data structure. The results show the feasibility and reliability against noise data.
Frontispiece: Annulative Allylic Alkylation Reactions between Dual Electrophiles and Dual Nucleophiles: Applications in Complex Molecule Synthesis (2020)

Using sequential allylic alkylation reactions to couple a dual electrophile with a dual nucleophile is a powerful way of constructing ring systems. This strategy, which can generate complex, polycyclic products from simple starting materials, has seen widespread use in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals. For more information see the Minireview by B. M. Trost and C. A. Kalnmals on page 1906 ff.