gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partially Averaged Navier-Stokes Turbulence Modeling of Flow in 5x5 PWR Fuel Assembly With Spacer Grid (2018)

The highly turbulent flow inside a pressurized water reactor makes unpractical the use of scale resolving simulations, due to the large number of space and time turbulent structures. The high computational cost associated with typical large eddies simulations or direct numerical simulations techniques is unsuitable due to the large spatiotemporal resolution required. Partially averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence model is presented as bridging model between Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations and direct numerical simulations. As filtered representation of the Navier-Stokes equations, the model is able to continuously shift its energy-based filter, inside the turbulence spectrum, being able to resolve the turbulent scales of interest. The choice of energy based cut-off filters gives the chance to directly impose the degree of needed resolution, where the most important large scales unsteadiness are resolved at minimal computational expenses. The partially averaged Navier-Stokes modelling approach has been tested for a Reynolds number of 14,000, inside a 5 × 5 fuel bundle, with a single spacer grid and split-type mixing vanes. Four different filters have been tested, whose resolution ranged from Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes and large eddy simulation. A comparison with large eddy simulation will be presented. The results show that the partially averaged Navier-Stokes modeling produces results comparable to those of large eddy simulation when the appropriate cut-off energy filter is chosen. The turbulence models results will be compared with the available particle image velocimetry experimental data.
Rheological Behavior of Pure Binary Ni–Nb Model Alloys (2010)

This experimental work deals with the influence of niobium additions to high purity nickel on dynamic recrystallization behavior during hot working. Various high-purity alloys were prepared (unalloyed Ni and Ni–0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 wt % Nb) and deformed to high strains by hot torsion tests to characterize the rheological behavior within the range 800 – 1000°C at strain rates of 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 s–1. Niobium additions strongly increased the flow stress. To quantify such behavior, the strain-hardening parameter h and dynamic-recovery parameter r in the Yoshie-Laasraoui-Jonas constitutive equation were determined from the initial part of the experimental stress-strain curves (i.e., at strains before the stress peak) in which dynamic recrystallization does not alter the mechanical behavior. A table showing the variation of h and r as a function of strain rate, temperature, and niobium content was compiled and used to fit a simple empirical model for predicting h and r from the deformation conditions and alloy composition. In addition, microstructures were determined by optical metallography and SEM/EBSD. Based on this work, it appears that niobium additions noticeably refine the steady-state grain size by considerably decreasing the kinetics of dynamic recrystallization in nickel.
Chemické reakce jako kritické místo učiva chemie na základní škole (2019)

Tematický celek Chemické reakce byl identifikován v rámci výzkumného šetření projektu OP VVV „Didaktika: Člověk a příroda A“ na základě rozhovorů s učiteli chemie jako jedno z kritických a zároveň i klíčových míst v učivu chemie základní školy a odpovídajících ročnících víceletého gymnázia. Tuto skutečnost také potvrzují výsledky šetření TIMSS 2007, ze kterých je zřejmá nejnižší průměrná úspěšnost v tomto tématu, a to nejen u žáků v České republice, ale i v zahraničí. Zabývali jsme se proto okolnostmi tohoto stavu a jeho možného zlepšení, a to v širších souvislostech. V prvé řadě se jednalo o studium legislativních dokumentů (Rámcový vzdělávací program pro základní vzdělávání apod.) a prezentací tematického celku v českých učebnicích chemie pro 2. stupeň základních škol a nižší ročníky víceletých gymnázií, následované tvorbou návrhů souborů experimentů, experimentálních cyklů aj., zaměřených na reaktivitu chemických látek. V publikaci je uvedena ukázka souboru pokusů, tzv. experimentálního cyklu, vztahujícího se k mědi a jejím sloučeninám, které se vyznačují výraznými barevnými změnami, případně změnami skupenství složek reakční směsi. Analýzou průběhu chemických experimentů, které jsou doplněny jednoduchými testy pro určení reakčních produktů, lze přispět ke zpřesnění klasifikace chemických reakcí podle vybraných kritérií prováděných žáky a k jejich bližšímu poznání chemických reakcí.
Synthesis of new arylanalogs of ketamine. (1985)

New, seven-step synthesis of arylanalogs of ketamine, starting from easily available phenylcyclohexane derivatives, is reported. Pharmacological investigations on the compounds obtained are described.
RapidProcedure forDetection andIsolation ofLarge and SmallPlasmids (1981)

tumefaciensstrainsharboringlargeplasmidsof120(Tiplas-mid) and 260 (cryptic plasmid) megadaltons(Mdal) were screened (Fig. 3). TheTiplasmidof 28 to 29 Mdal in strain 1D1422 is uniqueamongoncogenicA. tumefaciensstrains (Kadoet al., manuscript in preparation). A3- to 4-kilobase deletion in this plasmidis sufficient tocause completeloss ofvirulence. Alarger plas-midof58MdalwasobservedinavirulentstrainIIBNV6andwassimilartothatreportedprevi-ously (16). Furthernore, this strain andstrainsACH-5, B6, 1D135, and C58 all harbored 260-Mdalcrypticplasmids.Thelarge260-Mdalcryp-tic plasmidwasnotdetectedinstrains lDland1D1422. Theabsenceofthis cryptic plasmidinlDl(ATCC15955)wasalsonotedbyothers (S.K. Farrand, personal communication). A. ra-diobacterstrains also harborlarge cryptic plas-mids(Fig. 3). Largecryptic plaidsofapprox-imately 350 Mdalwere also resolved in R. leg-uminosarum,R.japonicum,
All-Fiber Passive Mode-Lockers Using Attachable Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Film (2007)

We dramatically improve the preparation process and operation efficiency of carbon nanotube mode-lockers employing a transferable vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotube film. All-fiber laser mode-locking is achieved utilizing the film attached to a D-shaped fiber.
ACOUSTICS2008/1750 Modeling and Prediction of Fan Noise (2008)

Fan noise is a significant contributor to the total noise signature of a modern high bypass ratio aircraft engine and, with the advent of ultra high bypass ratio engines like the geared turbofan, it is likely to remain so in the future. As such, accurate modeling and prediction of the basic characteristics of fan noise are necessary ingredients in designing quieter aircraft engines in order to ensure compliance with ever more stringent aviation noise regulations. In this paper, results from a comprehensive study aimed at establishing the utility of current tools for modeling and predicting fan noise will be summarized. It should be emphasized that these tools exemplify present state of the practice and embody what is currently used at NASA and industry for predicting fan noise. The ability of these tools to model and predict fan noise is assessed against a set of benchmark fan noise databases obtained for a range of representative fan cycles and operating conditions. Detailed comparisons between the predicted and measured narrowband spectral and directivity characteristics of fan noise will be presented in the full paper. General conclusions regarding the utility of current tools and recommendations for future improvements will also be given.
Therapeutic management of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: alcohol septal ablation (2014)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized as left ventricular hypertrophy unexplained by abnormal loading conditions. Approximately 30% of patients with HCM will develop left ventricular outflow obstruction under resting conditions. In the 5–10% of patients with drug-refractory symptoms, surgical septal myectomy has been shown to reduce outflow obstruction and relieve symptoms; however, some patients may be at increased risk for surgery. Since 1994, when alcohol septal ablation was introduced, an increasing number of patients have opted for the percutaneous approach, which aims to mimic the anatomic and hemodynamic effects of surgical septal myectomy. The less-invasive version of septal reduction therapy comes at a price: a larger number of pacemaker implantations and, sometimes, depending on the individual’s coronary anatomy, a higher residual gradient. Despite these shortcomings and the absence of randomized trials, alcohol septal ablation has established itself as a viable option for patients with obstructive HCM. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common genetic cardiac disorder (inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and affecting 1 in 500 individuals) and is clinically defined by the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy unexplained by abnormal loading condi
Isotope effects in amorphous silicon thin films produced by Ar-SiH4 -D2 plasma chemical vapor deposition method (1991)

Ar-SiH4 -D2 gas mixture positive column plasmas and the deposition of (a-Si:D/H) thin films are investigated. Deuterated amorphous silicon thin films (a-Si:D/H) are produced in an Ar(95%)-SiH4(2.5%) -D2(2.5%) mixed gas plasma by employing dc positive column plasma chemical vapor deposition techniques. A twin probe electric field measurement is used to determine the plasma parameters. The reaction chamber wall temperature is measured by an infrared (IR) image camera. The results indicate that the uniformity of plasma is excellent; the wall temperature of the reaction chamber is nonuniform; and the deposition rate increases with increasing discharge power and gas pressure. The optical characteristics of isotopically different a-Si:H/a-Si:D films are also studied. The results show that the optical band gap of a film has a nonmonotonic thickness dependence with a significant isotope effect.
Graphene nanoribbon crossbar nanomesh (2011)

Graphene nanoribbon crossbars exhibit negative differential resistance. This nonlinear current-voltage response can be exploited in a nanomesh geometry for high-density logic or memory. A 2xN crossbar array can store 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sup> states. Proof-of-principle of a high functional density architecture exploiting the non-linear dynamics of graphene nanoribbon crossbars in a nanomesh geometry is demonstrated.
Bioreducible hyperbranched polyglycerols with disulfide linkages: Synthesis and biocompatibility evaluation (2015)

ABSTRACT In this article, we describe the development of multifunctional, water‐soluble hyperbranched polyglycerols containing redox‐sensitive disulfide linkages as a new class of biodegradable polymers. The polymers were synthesized by the anionic ring opening multibranching (co)polymerization of glycidol with an epoxide monomer bearing disulfide groups, 2‐((2‐oxiran‐2‐ylmethoxy)ethyl)disulfanyl) ethan‐1‐ol. Polymerizations were optimized at 65 °C unlike the homopolymerization of glycidol. Both low (5–10 kDa) and high (100 kDa) molecular weight polymers were synthesized in a controlled manner with low polydispersity. The polymers underwent degradation in presence of reducing agents such as tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine, dithiothreitol, and glutathione resulting in low molecular weight fragments with thiol groups. Blood compatibility analysis using coagulation, platelet activation, complement activation and red blood cell lysis assays as well as cell toxicity analysis using MTS assay revealed the excellent biocompatibility of these newly synthesized polymer architectures. All these features make these polymers suitable for intracellular delivery of therapeutic molecules. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53 , 2104–2115
Chikusetsusaponin. VI. A New Saponin from the Rhizome of Panax pseudo-ginseng var. angustatus HARA. (1991)

A novel saponin named chikusetsusaponin VI was isolated from the rhizome of Panax pseudo-ginseng var. angustatus HARA and its structure was determined as 20(S)-protopanaxadiol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosido-20-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside.
Effects of Plant-Emitted Monoterpenes on Anxiety: A Propensity-Matched Observational Cohort Study (2022)

Immersive experiences in green areas and particularly in forests have long been known to produce beneficial effects for human health. However, the exact determinants and mechanisms leading to healthy outcomes remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether inhaling plant-emitted biogenic volatile compounds, namely monoterpenes (MTs), can produce specific effects on anxiety. Data from 505 subjects participating in 39 structured forest therapy sessions in different Italian sites, were collected. Monoterpenes air concentration was measured at each site. STAI State questionnaires were administered before and after the sessions as a measure of anxiety. A propensity score matching analysis was then performed, considering an above-average exposure to inhalable air MTs as the treatment: the estimated effect was -1.28 STAI-S points (95% C.I. -2.51 to -0.06, p = 0.04), indicating that the average effect of exposure to high MT air concentrations during forest therapy sessions is to decrease anxiety.
Lack of association between polymorphisms of angiotensin II receptor genes and response to short-term angiotensin II infusion (2000)

The response to angiotensin II infusion does not differ across the the AT1- and AT2-receptor genotypes examined in our study. However, long-term effects of variants of angiotensin II receptor genes cannot be ruled out with this approach.
Is coronary artery bypass grafting an alternative treatment modality in end-stage coronary artery disease after all? (1995)

Pancreas transplant (PT) is an established treatment for patients with diabetes mellitus. Diagnosis of rejection has continued to be problematic. In 2007, a new technique of PT with gastric exocrine (P-G) drainage was first performed at our institution. This technique facilitates access to pancreas allograft. The purpose of this study was to compare our experience with PT using P-G technique and the technique of portal enteric (P-E) with venting jejunostomy.Thirty patients who underwent PT between 2007 and 2009 (G-I) and 30 consecutive patients before this time (G-II) were studied. In both groups arterial and venous anastomosis was similar to standard P-E technique. In G-I, the end of allograft jejunum was anastomosed to the anterior aspect of the stomach. In the G-II, allograft duodenum was anastomosed to the Roux-en-Y and end of Roux-en-Y was brought out as venting jejunostomy.Donor and recipient demographic data, number of antigen matches, and immunosuppressant were similar in both groups. All patients achieved euglycemia. In G-I, 3 patients underwent pancreatectomy, 2 owing to vessel thrombosis and 1 owing to chronic rejection. Two patients died with functioning pancreatic allografts. In G-II, 1 pancreas was removed owing to vessel thrombosis. Seven patients with cytomegalovirus and 4 patients with rejection in G-I were diagnosed with endoscopy of allograft duodenum. One-year patient and graft survivals were similar.This technique has proven to be safe with good patient and allograft survival. Access to donor duodenum and pancreas allograft via endoscopy is unique to this technique and provides the added advantage of life-long easy access to allograft.
A survey of gas-side fouling in industrial heat-transfer equipment (1983)

Gas-side fouling and corrosion problems occur in all of the energy intensive industries including the chemical, petroleum, primary metals, pulp and paper, glass, cement, foodstuffs, and textile industries. Topics of major interest include: (1) heat exchanger design procedures for gas-side fouling service; (2) gas-side fouling factors which are presently available; (3) startup and shutdown procedures used to minimize the effects of gas-side fouling; (4) gas-side fouling prevention, mitigation, and accommodation techniques; (5) economic impact of gas-side fouling on capital costs, maintenance costs, loss of production, and energy losses; and (6) miscellaneous considerations related to gas-side fouling. The present state-of-the-art for industrial gas-side fouling is summarized by a list of recommendations for further work in this area.
Improved block-based image segmentation (2003)

The previous block-based MAP image segmentation is improved in this paper. The first improvement is achieved by adopting a criterion to differentiate various texture blocks using multi-resolution 2/spl times/2 DCT coefficients. To do that, we obtain an octave-band multi-resolution representation of each image block by faking a 2/spl times/2 DCT-rearrangement process for the DC values recursively. Then, comparing the energy distributions of the coefficients for each frequency band, we can differentiate the neighboring texture image blocks. Secondly, we propose a scheme to avoid the under-segmentation problem of the previous block-based MAP segmentation. So, as the block size reduces, we can also identify small monotone regions without affecting previously segmented large texture regions.
A Web Service Based Micro-payment System (2006)

The number of online commercial transactions involving small amount of money is more and more increasing. For these transactions, different payment mechanisms from traditional ones are needed in order to reduce the overall costs. To answer to the growing demand for micropayment technologies, several commercial companies have recently started offering micropayment services, which offer reduced costs per transactions. In this work we present the design and the implementation of a micropayment system relying on Web service technology to conclude commercial transactions. The proposed system enables clients to access the restricted resources offered by the merchants and to pay for the received service by invoking the Web services exposed by a Payment Service Provider, acting like an online bank.
Association Between a 22-feature Genomic Classifier and Biopsy Gleason Upgrade During Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer (2022)

The results from this study indicate that among patients with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance, those with higher Decipher scores were more likely to have higher-grade disease found over time. These findings indicate that the Decipher test might be useful for guiding the intensity of monitoring during active surveillance, such as more frequent biopsy for patients with higher scores.
BioPRYN®, a Measure of Pregnancy-specific Protein B for Detection of Pregnancy in Ruminant Animals (2009)

Pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) was discovered in 1979 by immunological methods and was found by molecular cloning to be a sub-group of the aspartic acid protease family of proteins. The original protein isolate had several immunoreactive, molecular weight, and isoelectric variants. Chemical characteristics were studied. Subsequently, similar protein isolates of PSPB of cattle were given a different name. These are pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) and pregnancy serum protein 60. Precise and accurate radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PSPB have been used to detect pregnancy in ruminant animals. BioPRYN is an ELISA assay, using the PSPB protein isolate, for detection of pregnancy in ruminants. Radioimmunoassay or ELISA ( the BioPRYN test), specifically using PSPB as the molecule for standard and antigen for obtaining antibodies, equaled or exceeded transrectal sonography, PAG-1 or palpation in comparative tests for pregnancy detection. Development of tests for molecular variants that appear early in gestation can improve on the technology. BioPRYN is available on a commercial basis for livestock breeders or those managing wildlife species. Several affiliate laboratories across the USA and internationally conduct the BioPRYN test with kits offered by BioTracking LLC, Moscow, Idaho. Over 498,115 cattle tests were sold in 2008.
Overdriven Pulsed Light Emitting Diodes: An Inexpensive Excitation Source for Time-Resolved Luminescence Lifetime Measurements (2019)

Time-resolved luminescence lifetime measurements are an important photophysical technique. However, access to this technique at the undergraduate level is limited by the expense of the instrumentation needed to create the well-defined light pulses required to measure the luminescence decay of an excited state molecule. We present here an inexpensive, improved light emitting diode (LED) circuit that is capable of supplying bright light pulses. Our circuit is designed to overdrive the LED resulting in a bright excitation light source with a well-defined square wave pulse shape. This allows for the facile measurement of luminescent molecules with decay lifetimes in the hundreds of nanoseconds to microsecond range. Data are presented for five UV, violet, and blue LEDs as driven by the improved circuit that can be used as a guide for selecting the best excitation light source for a particular molecule of interest. Our students have studied the quenching of aqueous tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride with ferric ion using an overdriven blue LED as an excitation source. While ferric ion is not an efficient quencher compared to molecular oxygen, it is much easier to handle, allowing for the preparation of accurate standard solutions free of dissolved oxygen.
USE OF EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS TENDON AS A DISTAL EXTENSION FOR AN OPPONENS TRANSFER (1976)

We describe the use of the extensor pollicis longus tendon as an extension of the motor unit in an opponens transfer. Its advantages, and its successful application in 4 cases, are illustrated. To the best of our knowledge, this method has not been described before. We believe it to be a satisfactory addition to the other methods described.
Cored structure of Mg-Zr alloy (1957)

This paper deals with the cored structures of Mg-Zr alloy, the center part of which is enriched with Zr, as well as deals with some aspects of annealed structures of them. The mechanism of formation of cored structure is also discussed.
A wideband 8‐element omnidirectional array for wireless system (2007)

Abstract A smart broad‐band planar antenna for wireless system is presented. The simple modeling of this antenna and design method based on equivalent circuits has been developed. An eight‐element planar array has been designed, fabricated and measured. Measured results exhibit good performance of the return loss and horizontal plane radiation pattern. The measured 10‐dB return loss bandwidth of the broad‐band planar array is demonstrated to be 62.5% and the un‐roundness of its horizontal plane pattern is less than 4.5 dB. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2944–2946, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22925
Investigations Into Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries Based on Ferrocene Bisulfonate (2020)

The successful implementation of redox flow battery (RFB) technology requires the development of highly stable and soluble catholyte and anolyte materials that could be used in aqueous media. In this work, we investigated a highly soluble derivative of ferrocene—1,1′-bis(sulfonate)ferrocene dianion disodium salt—as a possible catholyte in an all-anionic RFB design. Based on the results of cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge cycling experiments, we determined that this compound can be unstable and prone to a nucleophilic attack by anions in certain supporting electrolytes. However, it is stable in neutral pH solutions with weak nucleophilic anions like nitrate. These findings are fundamental for the future development of improved RFB materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Stereoselective Access to Polyhydroxylated Indolizidine Compounds Based on γ‐Hydroxy‐α,β‐Unsaturated Sulfones. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.