gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
18 kW DC-DC converter using push-pull inverter with lossless snubber circuits (2002)

A DC-DC power converter of 18 kW capacity for converting 110 DC voltage available in railway coaches to 675 V DC for feeding variable frequency inverter is presented in this paper. The converter uses push-pull inverter transformer rectifier scheme to provide galvanic isolation between input and output and uses IGBTs along with lossless snubber circuits to switch at 8 kHz.
Facility for melting residues from municipal waste combustion: Design criteria and description of equipment. Report of Investigations/1993 (1993)

The U.S. Bureau of Mines, under a Memorandum of Agreement with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), established design criteria for a facility to melt residues from municipal waste combustion. The facility, which is available to potential users on a cost-sharing basis, is also applicable to a variety of inorganic waste materials from smelting or melting operations. The design consists of a mechanical feed handling system, electric arc melting furnace, fume-offgas handling system, and thermal oxidizer for final offgas treatment. Screw conveyors and a bucket elevator deliver up to 2,000 lb/h of minus 1-in material to a three-phase electric arc melting furnace.
The Purification and Properties of a Thyroid-stimulating Factor Isolated from Clostridium perfringens (1967)

Cultures of Clostridium perfringens produce a factor that
Cucurbit[6]uril-based polymer nanocapsules as a non-covalent and modular bioimaging platform for multimodal in vivo imaging (2017)

A new polymer nanocapsule was used as a versatile platform for multimodal<italic>in vivo</italic>imaging.
Treatment of Paradoxical Puborectalis Contraction (PPC) Using Botulinum Toxin-A (2003)

Purpose: Paradoxical puborectalis contraction (PPC) or Anismus is known to have a pathogenesis of abnormal contraction of puborectalis at defecation and its managements are not satisfactory, Recently, therapy of PPC and its associated syrnptars using Botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) has been introduced. we evaluate the effect of BTX-A injection to the puborectalis for the patients with PPC. Methods: Fourteen patients were diagnosed as paradoxical puborectalis contraction on defecography and/or anorectal manometry and electromyography (EMG) during September 1998 to January 2001 in Daegu Catholic Medical Centre, Catholic University of Daegu, All patients were underwent 30 (15+15) units of BTX-A injection on each side of puborectalis guided by EMG. Among them, five patients needed further injection of 20 (10+10) units because the expected results were not satisfied. Follow-up were conducted on one month and one year after BTX -A injection and the patients were assessed for the constipation score and anorectal manometry, Results: After injection of BTX-A, constipation score was significantly decreased from 15.53.5 (meanSD) to 5.7 4.3. Maximal resting and squeezing pressure also decreased from 48.422 mmHg, 96.939.8 to 41.217, 68.338.2, respectively. Twelve patients who were followed up more than one year after injection, the constipation score (n~12) increased up to 7.72.9 (mean SD). Among them, three patients have had stool softeners or laxatives to evacuate and the remained nine patients did not have any kinds of drug or food for defecation. There was no complication for the injection BTX-A. Conclusions: BTX-A injection seems to be effective for the treatment of PPC and the long term therapeutic effect can be defined through double blind placebo-controlled trials.
Identifying Key Attributes for Protein Beverages (2015)

This study identified key attributes of protein beverages and evaluated effects of priming on liking of protein beverages. An adaptive choice-based conjoint study was conducted along with Kano analysis to gain insight on protein beverage consumers (n = 432). Attributes evaluated included label claim, protein type, amount of protein, carbohydrates, sweeteners, and metabolic benefits. Utility scores for levels and importance scores for attributes were determined. Subsequently, two pairs of clear acidic whey protein beverages were manufactured that differed by age of protein source or the amount of whey protein per serving. Beverages were evaluated by 151 consumers on two occasions with or without priming statements. One priming statement declared "great flavor," the other priming statement declared 20 g protein per serving. A two way analysis of variance was applied to discern the role of each priming statement. The most important attribute for protein beverages was sweetener type, followed by amount of protein, followed by type of protein followed by label claim. Beverages with whey protein, naturally sweetened, reduced sugar and ≥15 g protein per serving were most desired. Three consumer clusters were identified, differentiated by their preferences for protein type, sweetener and amount of protein. Priming statements positively impacted concept liking (P < 0.05) but had no effect on overall liking (P > 0.05). Consistent with trained panel profiles of increased cardboard flavor with higher protein content, consumers liked beverages with 10 g protein more than beverages with 20 g protein (6.8 compared with 5.7, P < 0.05). Protein beverages must have desirable flavor for wide consumer appeal.
Noninvasive measurement of arterial cerebral blood volume using look‐locker EPI and arterial spin labeling (2007)

This paper describes a method of noninvasively measuring regional arterial cerebral blood volume fractions (CBV(a)) in vivo using the combination of Look-Locker echo-planar imaging (LL-EPI) with arterial spin labeling (ASL). Using this technique the arterial inflow curve is rapidly sampled and the regional CBV(a) is measured, while tissue perfusion signals are suppressed. Two methods of spin labeling (LL-EPI flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (LL-EPI-FAIR) and LL-EPI signal targeting using alternating radiofrequency (LL-EPI-STAR)) are assessed and their advantages discussed. The application of vascular crushing to LL-EPI-FAIR is described and used to validate the insensitivity of the sequence to the perfusion difference signal. LL-EPI-STAR is used to assess changes in CBV(a) in response to a finger-tapping task. LL-EPI-STAR signal difference curves are shown to have a shortened vascular transit delay and increased peak signal change on activation. A 33 +/- 14% increase in CBV(a) on activation is found. CBV(a) is measured with a 6-s temporal resolution and the temporal response is compared with the BOLD signal change. CBV(a) is shown to increase more rapidly and return to baseline significantly faster than the BOLD signal change, which supports the suggestion that a change in CBV(a) is an input to the BOLD response.
e-Mazing - Juego de autoaprendizaje en terminales móviles (2010)

?Te gustan los juegos? En este articulo se describira
el resultado de un Proyecto de Final de Carrera
de la EPSC: un videojuego educativo para
telefonos moviles. Los juegos y mas concretamente
los videojuegos, pueden ser herramientas muy
potentes de aprendizaje, debido a la alta capacidad
de atencion y concentracion que muestra el
usuario durante su curso. Siendo uno de los propositos
llegar a un publico amplio y heterogeneo,
se ha escogido el telefono movil como plataforma
de la aplicacion, por su gran penetracion en nuestra
vida cotidiana, ya que presenta la posibilidad de
usarlo en cualquier momento y lugar. Estos son los
principios de e-Mazing.
Primero, se desarrollara e
Propagation of Abies fraseri by Semidormant Hardwood Stem Cuttings (1985)

Abstract Dormant hardwood stem cuttings of Fraser Fir [ Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] were severed from upper and lower tree crowns and artificially chilled at 4°C for 0, 4, or 8 weeks to achieve a partial break in rest. Following chilling, the resulting semi-dormant cuttings were treated with 0, 1500, 3000, or 4500 ppm IBA, and rooted for 135 days using a heated medium in a cool greenhouse. Rooted cuttings were evaluated, potted, and rechilled for 11, 7, or 3 weeks so that all cuttings were chilled a total of 11 weeks. Vegetative growth then was evaluated after a 12-week growing period. Cuttings initially chilled 4 weeks rooted in highest percentages, regardless of crown position, and exhibited little or no bud activity. Subsequent expansion of terminal and subterminal buds was greatest for cuttings initially chilled 0 or 4 weeks. Superior overall responses were achieved with upper-crown cuttings chilled 4 weeks and then treated with 4500 ppm IBA, or lower-crown cuttings dipped in 3000 ppm IBA after 4 weeks of chilling. The separation of rooting and budbreak apparently produced rooted cuttings comparable in size to 2-year-old plants grown from traditional hardwood cuttings. Chemical name used: 1 H -indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA).
Automated segmentation of the lungs from high resolution CT images for quantitative study of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (2005)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) are debilitating conditions of the lung and are the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. Early diagnosis is critical for timely intervention and effective treatment. The ability to quantify particular imaging features of specific pathology and accurately assess progression or response to treatment with current imaging tools is relatively poor. The goal of this project was to develop automated segmentation techniques that would be clinically useful as computer assisted diagnostic tools for COPD. The lungs were segmented using an optimized segmentation threshold and the trachea was segmented using a fixed threshold characteristic of air. The segmented images were smoothed by a morphological close operation using spherical elements of different sizes. The results were compared to other segmentation approaches using an optimized threshold to segment the trachea. Comparison of the segmentation results from 10 datasets showed that the method of trachea segmentation using a fixed air threshold followed by morphological closing with spherical element of size 23x23x5 yielded the best results. Inclusion of greater number of pulmonary vessels in the lung volume is important for the development of computer assisted diagnostic tools because the physiological changes of COPD can result in quantifiable anatomic changes in pulmonary vessels. Using a fixed threshold to segment the trachea removed airways from the lungs to a better extent as compared to using an optimized threshold. Preliminary measurements gathered from patient’s CT scans suggest that segmented images can be used for accurate analysis of total lung volume and volumes of regional lung parenchyma. Additionally, reproducible segmentation allows for quantification of specific pathologic features, such as lower intensity pixels, which are characteristic of abnormal air spaces in diseases like emphysema.
Data from Oncogene Expression and Genetic Background Influence the Frequency of DNA Copy Number Abnormalities in Mouse Pancreatic Islet Cell Carcinomas (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Quantitative measurements of tumor genome composition show remarkable heterogeneity in tumors arising from the same anatomical location and/or histopathological class and stage. The factors that contribute to genomic heterogeneity are not clear, but germ-line allelic variation and timing of initiating oncogenic events are likely candidates. We investigated these factors by using array comparative genomic hybridization to measure genomic aberrations in genetically engineered mouse models of pancreatic islet cell carcinoma, in which oncogenic transformation is elicited by the SV40 T antigens expressed under the control of the rat insulin promoter (RIP-Tag). Two distinct transgenic RIP-Tag lines, and three polymorphic sublines of one, enabled us to investigate the effects of genetic background and differing age of oncogene induction. Both parameters were found to bias the spectrum of genomic copy number abnormalities. Specifically, the frequency of losing portions of chromosomes 9 and 16 was significantly modulated by genetic background, with the former being lost at highest rates in the FVB/N background and the latter being lost to greatest extent in both FVB/N and C57Bl/6 tumors compared with C3HeB/Fe tumors. The frequency of losing a region of chromosome 6 varied according to the age when tumorigenesis was initiated; loss of chromosome 6 was significantly higher when oncogene expression was first activated in adulthood. These studies illustrate the utility of transgenic animal models for investigation of factors influencing genomic heterogeneity despite the commonalty of target cell type and initiating oncogene.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The N-terminal Extension of Gαq Is Critical for Constraining the Selectivity of Receptor Coupling (1997)

Characteristically, an individual member of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors can interact only with a limited number of the many structurally closely related G protein heterotrimers that are expressed within a cell. Interestingly, the N termini of two G protein alpha subunits, Galphaq and Galpha11, differ from those of other alpha subunits in that they display a unique, highly conserved six-amino acid extension. To test the hypothesis that this sequence element is critical for proper receptor recognition, we prepared a Galphaq deletion mutant (-6q) lacking these first six amino acids. The -6q construct (or wild type Galphaq as a control) was coexpressed (in COS-7 cells) with several different Gi/o- or Gs-coupled receptors, and ligand-induced increases in inositol phosphate production were determined as a measure of G protein activation. Whereas these receptors did not efficiently interact with wild type Galphaq, most of them gained the ability to productively couple to -6q. Additional experiments indicated that the observed functional promiscuity of -6q is not due to overexpression (as compared with wild type Galphaq) or to a lack of palmitoylation. We conclude that the N-terminal extension characteristic for Galphaq/11 proteins is critical for constraining the receptor coupling selectivity of these subunits, indicative of a novel mechanism by which the fidelity of receptor-G protein interactions can be regulated.
A Machine Learning PROGRAM to Identify COVID-19 and Other Diseases From Hematology Data (2021)

ML applied to hematology data could predict communicable and noncommunicable diseases, both at local and global levels.
Critical roles of Leu99 and Leu115 at the heme distal side in auto‐oxidation and the redox potential of a heme‐regulated phosphodiesterase from Escherichia coli (2006)

The heme-regulated phosphodiesterase from Escherichia coli (Ec DOS), which is a heme redox-dependent enzyme, is active with a ferrous heme but inactive with a ferric heme. Global structural changes including axial ligand switching and a change in the rigidity of the FG loop accompanying the heme redox change may be related to the dependence of Ec DOS activity on the redox state. Axial ligands such as CO, NO, and O2 act as inhibitors of Ec DOS because they interact with the ferrous heme complex. The X-ray crystal structure of the isolated heme-bound domain (Ec DosH) shows that Leu99, Phe113 and Leu115 indirectly and directly form a hydrophobic triad on the heme plane and that they should be located at or near the ligand access channel of the heme iron. We generated L99T, L99F, L115T, and L115F mutants of Ec DosH and examined their physicochemical characteristics, including auto-oxidation rates, O2 and CO binding kinetics, and redox potentials. The Fe(III) complex of the L115F mutant was unstable and had a Soret absorption spectrum located 5 nm lower than those of the wild-type and other mutants. Auto-oxidation rates of the mutants (0.049-0.33 min(-1)) were much higher than that of the wild-type (0.0063 min(-1)). Furthermore, the redox potentials of the former three mutants (23.1-34.6 mV versus SHE) were also significantly lower than that of the wild-type (63.9 mV versus SHE). Interaction between O2 and the L99F mutant was different from that in the wild-type, whereas CO binding rates of the mutants were similar to those of the wild-type. Thus, it appears that Leu99 and Leu115 are critical for determining the characteristics of heme iron. Finally, we discuss the roles of these amino-acid residues in the heme electronic states.
1,3,5‐Trisubstituted hexahydrotriazines as mannich reagents. II. Preparation of p‐secondary aminomethylphenols (1971)

Abstract Phenol and a variety of substituted phenols have been aminomethylated by new Mannich reagents prepared from 1,3,5‐trisubstituted hexahydrotriazines. In contrast to the conventional aminomethylating agents, which react preferentially in the ortho position, the new reagents favor para substitution. A variety of new para secondary aminomethylphenols have been prepared.
MAb U36, a novel monoclonal antibody successful in immunotargeting of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. (1993)

Using viable cells of a human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line as immunogen, we developed monoclonal antibody (MAb) U36. Immunohistochemical examination revealed distinct surface labeling of MAb U36 with normal human squamous epithelium and squamous cell carcinomas of distinct sites of origin; head and neck, lung, esophagus, cervix, and epidermis. MAb U36 shows high affinity binding (affinity constant, 3.5 x 10(10)/M) with a cell surface antigen expressed by in vitro cultured HNSCC cell lines. Similarity of the reactivity profiles of MAb U36 and MAb E48, currently the most promising antibody described for specific targeting of HNSCC in patients, warranted further comparison of these MAbs. MAb U36 recognizes a M(r) 200,000 antigen, which is different from the MAb E48 defined antigen. Furthermore, comparison of immunohistochemical staining patterns of MAb U36 and MAb E48 on a broad panel of primary HNSCC sections revealed more extensive staining for MAb U36: more tumors showed reactivity with MAb U36 and more tumor cells per tumor showed positive reaction, and staining was found to be more intense. MAb U36 does not show cross-reactivity with mouse, rat, pig, sheep, or bovine tongue epithelium. As a first approach to evaluate the suitability of MAb U36 for tumor targeting in vivo, radiolabeled MAb U36 was administered to athymic nude mice bearing human HNSCC xenografts on both flanks. Selective tumor accumulation of the radioimmunoconjugate was observed. Mean tumor uptake (in percent injected dose/g wet-weight of tissue) of MAb U36 at days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 12 was 15.1, 17.9, 24.0, 21.0, 25.8, and 16.0%, respectively. The tumor to blood ratio at day 1 was 0.9 and increased up to 3.8 at day 12. The tumor uptake at day 12 was at least 10 times higher when compared to other tissues. The corollary of these findings is that MAb U36 harbors high potential for specific targeting of HNSCC.
Dry anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic and protein residues (2015)

AD digestion/co-digestion of wool and wheat straw were evaluated with TS contents of between 6 to 30%.
Safety and efficacy of intramuscular human placenta‐derived mesenchymal stromal‐like cells (cenplacel [PDA‐002]) in patients who have a diabetic foot ulcer with peripheral arterial disease (2017)

The objective of this study was to examine the safety of cenplacel (PDA-002) in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Cenplacel is a mesenchymal-like cell population derived from full-term human placenta. This phase 1, dose-escalation study investigated cenplacel in diabetic patients with chronic DFUs (Wagner grade 1 or grade 2) and PAD [ankle-brachial index (ABI) >0·5 and ≤0·9], enrolled sequentially into each of four dose cohorts (3 × 10<sup>6</sup> , 10 × 10<sup>6</sup> , 30 × 10<sup>6</sup> and 100 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells; administered intramuscularly on study days 1 and 8 in combination with standard of care). Overall, cenplacel was well tolerated in all 15 patients in the study. Before enrollment, nine patients had an ulcer for ≥6 months and 11 had an ABI of 0·7-0·85. No patient met dose-limiting toxicity criteria and no treatment-related serious adverse events were reported. There was preliminary evidence of ulcer healing in seven patients (five complete; two partial) within 3 months of cenplacel treatment, and circulating endothelial cell levels (a biomarker of vascular injury in PAD) were decreased within 1 month. Cenplacel was generally safe and well tolerated in patients with chronic DFUs and PAD. Outcomes from this study informed the doses, endpoints, biomarkers and patient population for an ongoing phase 2 trial.
Performance comparison of multi-stage SIC and limited tree-search detection in CDMA (2002)

A rich array of detector structures for CDMA, offering a multitude of trade-offs between performance and complexity have been proposed. In this paper we consider two detector structures that are based on very different principles but represent a similar level of detection complexity. Through simulations the performance of multi-stage successive interference cancellation schemes with either a hard-decision or a clipped soft-decision limiter are compared to similar complexity limited tree-search detectors. The performance is evaluated over single-path and multipath channels.
Safety of botanical dietary supplements used by menopausal women: In vitro investigations of drug-botanical interactions (2014)

As women are using botanical dietary supplements as alternatives to conventional estrogen replacement therapy, it is important to understand the potential of these supplements to interact with clinically used drugs. Drug-botanical interactions can include inhibition and induction of drug metabolizing enzymes, especially the cytochrome P450 enzymes, and induction or inhibition of drug transporters. To facilitate these studies, we developed high-throughput assays using incubations of human liver microsomes with cocktails of probe substrates for specific enzymes followed by quantitative analysis of enzymatic products using UHPLC-MS/MS. Thus far, we have investigated drug-botanical interactions in vitro for standardized extracts of red clover (Trifolium pratense), hops (Humulus lupulus) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), which are popular botanical dietary supplements used by menopausal women. For example, the hop extract showed significant inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, which was attributed primarily to the prenylated hop phenols including xanthohumol, isoxanthohumol 6-prenylnaringenin, and 8-prenylnaringenin. However, hops produced no induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes during incubation with human hepatocytes. In contrast, the licorice extract exhibited both inhibition and induction of several cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Precise Measurement of Individual Rapid Eye Movements in REM Sleep of Humans (1997)

An automated analyzer for individual eye movements (EMs) has been developed that enables precise analyses of their incidence. Three new parameters for each EM are obtained: EM magnitude, the angle and speed of eyeball rotation, and the energy of each EM. All rapid eye movement (REM) sleep EMs from 40 nights of polysomnography for 20 healthy young men were analyzed. The mean frequency of eye movement (EM frequency) was 15.9 per minute. Compared to conventionally analyzed rapid eye movement (REM) density, EM frequency was more sensitive to differences among sleep cycles, nights, and individuals. The mean EM rotation was 6.27 +/- 0.021 degrees, the mean speed of rotation was 58.73 +/- 0.18 degrees/second, and mean energy was 525.85 +/- 3.82 degrees2/second. The distribution of changes in these new parameters differed from conventional measures across REM episodes. The conventional measures, REM episode duration, and REM density increased progressively in successive REM episodes in an ascent-to-right pattern. However, the new parameters peaked in the second, followed by relatively low values, producing an inverted V pattern. This discrepancy could indicate physiological mechanisms of EM that are not revealed in conventional measures of REM sleep intensity.