gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of humanised isolation and culture conditions on stemness and osteogenic potential of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (2019)

Therapeutic potential of human bone marrow stromal/stem cells (hBMSC) must be developed using well defined xenogenic-free conditions. hBMSC were isolated from healthy donors (n = 3) using different isolation and expansion methods. Donor I was isolated and expanded by either bone marrow directly seeded and cells expanded in 10% AB human serum (AB) +5 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) [Direct(AB + FGF<sub>low</sub>)] or Ammonium-Chloride-Potassium Lysing Buffer was used before the cells were expanded in 10% AB +5 ng/ml FGF-2 [ACK(AB + FGF<sub>low</sub>)] or Lymphoprep density gradient medium was used before the cells were expanded in 10% AB +5 ng/ml FGF2 [Lympho(AB + FGF<sub>low)</sub>] or bone marrow directly seeded and cells expanded in 10% pooled platelet lysate plasma (PL) + heparin (2 I/U/mL) [Direct(PL)]. Groups for donors II and III were: Direct(AB + FGF<sub>low</sub>) or 10% AB +10 ng/ml FGF2 [Direct(AB + FGF<sub>high</sub>)] or Direct(PL). HBMSCs were assessed for viability, multi-potency, osteogenic, inflammatory response and replicative senescence in vitro after 1 and 3 weeks. Pre-selected culture conditions, Direct(AB + FGF<sub>high</sub>) or Direct(PL), were seeded on biphasic calcium phosphate granules and subcutaneously implanted in NOD/SCID mice. After 1 and 11 weeks, explants were analysed for inflammatory and osteogenic response at gene level and histologically. To identify implanted human cells, in situ hybridisation was performed. hBMSC from all conditions showed in vitro multi-lineage potency. hBMSCs expanded in PL expressed stemness markers in vitro at significantly higher levels. Generally, cells expanded in AB + FGF2 conditions expressed higher osteogenic markers after 1 week both in vitro and in vivo. After 11 weeks in vivo, Direct(AB + FGF<sub>high</sub>) formed mature ectopic bone, compared to immature mineralised tissues formed by Direct(PL) implants. Mouse responses showed a significant upregulation of IL-1α and IL-1β expression in Direct(PL). After 1 week, human cells were observed in both groups and after 11 weeks in Direct(AB + FGF<sub>high</sub>) only. To conclude, results showed a significant effect of the isolation methods and demonstrated a relatively consistent pattern of efficacy from all donors. A tendency of hBMSC expanded in PL to retain a more stem-like phenotype elucidates their delayed differentiation and different inflammatory expressions.
Evaluation of the current condition of packaging wastes throughout Istanbul (2011)

Environmental problems that have been faced recently are differentiated in terms of their source and progress. Household wastes have increased in amount and variety due to improvements in life standards and technological issues. Disposal of wastes before they damage the environment especially concerns the environment and public health as well as the economy. Priority in waste management is regarded as prevention, minimization in source, reuse, recovery/recycling, pre-treatment and disposal. Landfill facilities, solid waste transfer stations, medical waste incineration facilities, plants of electricity production from landfill gas and composting and recycling facilities are operated in Istanbul in compliance with the related legislations. In this way, the waste amounts decrease, recycling activities are performed and energy sources are produced from the solid wastes. The first level in &lsquo;waste management hierarchy&rsquo; is to manage the wastes at their source so that it is very important to recycle them as much as possible in order to extend the working life of the landfill sites and prevent the loss of the recyclable economical values. This paper covers the evaluation of the current condition in packaging wastes in Istanbul and looks at the studies to establish a healthy recycling system. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Waste management, packaging wastes, recovery, recycling.
Organic-on-inorganic semiconductor heterojunctions: Energy-band discontinuities, quasi-Fermi levels, and carrier velocities (1988)

Organic-on-inorganic semiconductor heterojunctions (OI-HJs) exhibit rectification whereby the current-voltage characteristics are limited by the properties of the inorganic semiconductor substrate and the magnitude of the energy barrier at the heterointerface. In this paper we calculate the potential distribution and the quasi-Fermi level energy (or imref) across the OI diode bulk. Both ohmic as well as space-charge-limited conduction regimes of the organic thin film are considered. Previous work considered the OI-HJ to be similar to a Schottky, metal-semiconductor contact. While this can give a good approximation to OI-HJ transport processes under some bias regimes, it results in a misleading picture of the position of the imrefs under reverse bias, as well as errors in measurements of the band discontinuity energy at the OI-HJ. Unlike Schottky contacts, the imref in the OI diode is flat throughout the substrate under both low forward and reverse biases. These results are used to calculate carrier velocities within the organic film. The hole velocity is in the range of 100–2000 cm/s under reverse bias and is as high as 105 cm/s under forward bias. Experimental measurements of the energy-band discontinuities are presented that are in agreement with the predictions of the current-voltage model.
Hardware implementation of variable precision multiplication on FPGA (2009)

A hardwired algorithm for computing the variable precision multiplication is presented in this paper. The computation method is based on the use of a parallel multiplier of size m to compute the multiplication of two numbers of nxm bits. These numbers are represented in the variable precision floating point format, but in this paper only the mantissas are considered; the exponents are easily obtained by adding the exponents of the two operands to be multiplied. In this computing method of multiplication, the partial products are added as soon as they are computed, resulting in the use of the lowest memory for the storage of intermediate results, (i.e. the size of the result is of mx2n bits). The Xilinx FPGA circuits, of Virtex-II families and greater, have interesting resources such as embedded multipliers 18x18 bits, memory blocks (SelectRam) and carry chain paths for the acceleration of the carry propagation and DCM blocks (Digital Clock Manager) to generate and control clocks. These resources have been advantageously used, in the implementation, to reduce the computation delay compared to the solution that uses only FPGA CLBs (Logic Blocks). Our architecture has been tailored to use these efficient resources and the resulting architecture is dedicated to compute the multiplication of operands of sizes ranging from 1x64 bits to 64 x 64 bits with a period of n x 33 ns.
Demonstration of the Existence of Long‐Lived Species in the Cationic Polymerization of 1,3‐Pentadiene Initiated by Aluminium Trichloride in Non Polar Solvent (2004)

Abstract Summary: A kinetic study of the polymerization of a mixture of 1,3‐pentadiene isomers initiated by AlCl 3 was carried out in pentane at −10 and 20 °C. A second apparent monomer order was found mainly at room temperature and was explained by a complexation of propagating active centers by the polymer, the true monomer order being first. This apparent order did not result from the presence of the two isomers in the monomer mixture. Kinetic simulations confirmed this interpretation and pointed out the fact that the interaction between the polymer and the active centers was stronger at −10 °C, thus limiting the polymer conversion at this temperature. The novelty of these findings lies in the fact that the inactive complexed centers can be activated by reaction with the monomer, providing active species when necessary. The existence of active centers even after a long reaction time at room temperature, and the reactivation of the complexed centers, was evidenced by incremental monomer addition and by the formation of sulfonium ions after quenching the polymerization by an excess of dimethyl sulfide. The latter were characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Complexation of propagating active centers by the polymer giving dormant species (C + /P), with following reactivation by a new monomer charge. magnified image Complexation of propagating active centers by the polymer giving dormant species (C + /P), with following reactivation by a new monomer charge.
Correction for Cannon et al., “Genetic and Epidemiologic Trends of Norovirus Outbreaks in the United States from 2013 to 2016 Demonstrated Emergence of Novel GII.4 Recombinant Viruses” (2019)

Volume 55, no. 7, p. 2208–2221, 2017, [https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00455-17][1]. Page 2217, lines 25–26: “For GI viruses, the expected PCR product size is ∼543 bp, and for GII viruses it is ∼557 bp” should read “For GI viruses, the expected PCR product size is 579 bp, and for GII
Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of six edible wild plants (Sonchusspp.) in China (2011)

The total phenolic and flavonoid, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of six Sonchus wild vegetables (Sonchus oleraceus L., Sonchus arvensis L., Sonchus asper (L.) Hill., Sonchus uliginosus M.B., Sonchus brachyotus DC. and Sonchus lingianus Shih) in China were investigated. The results revealed that S. arvensis extract and S. oleraceus extract contained the highest amount of phenolic and flavonoid, respectively. Among the methanol extracts of six Sonchus species, S. arvensis extract exhibited the highest radical (DPPH and ABTS+ scavenging power and lipid peroxidation inhibitory power. It also exhibited the highest reducing power at 500 µg mL⁻¹ by A (700) = 0.80. The results of antibacterial test indicated that the S. oleraceus extract showed higher activity than the other five Sonchus wild vegetables extracts, both in Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and in a Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus). These results indicate that Sonchus wild food plants might be applicable in natural medicine and healthy food.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Metallocene–PNA Oligomers (2005)

Abstract The synthesis of ferrocene‐ and cobaltocenium–PNA conjugates with C ‐terminal cysteine residues by solid phase methods is described. Melting points with complementary DNA reveal that both metallocenes stabilize the duplex, although to a different extent. The effect is more pronounced when there is an overhang of the DNA at the PNA amino terminus. The conjugates were studied by electrochemical methods in solution. They were also immobilized on Au microelectrodes in self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) and further characterized electrochemically on the surface. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A New Strategy for Synthesizing Endohedral Metallocenophanes (2001)

The template-controlled synthesis of π ligands offers new methods for synthesizing endohedral metallocenophanes. This strategy allows the assembly of previously inaccessible bridged metallocenes, for example, the doubly bridged cobaltocenes 2, prepared from 1, n = 3, 4, 5.
Purification and Characterization of Membrane-bound Quinoprotein Cyclic Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter frateurii CHM 9 (2001)

A quinoprotein catalyzing oxidation of cyclic alcohols was found in the membrane fraction for the first time, after extensive screening among aerobic bacteria. Gluconobacter frateurii CHM 9 was finally selected in this study. The enzyme tentatively named membrane-bound cyclic alcohol dehydrogenase (MCAD) was found to occur specifically in the membrane fraction, and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was functional as the primary coenzyme in the enzyme activity. MCAD catalyzed only oxidation reaction of cyclic alcohols irreversibly to corresponding ketones. Unlike already known cytosolic NAD(P)H-dependent alcohol-aldehyde or alcohol-ketone oxidoreductases, MCAD was unable to catalyze the reverse reaction of cyclic ketones or aldehydes to cyclic alcohols. MCAD was solubilized and purified from the membrane fraction of the organism to homogeneity. Differential solubilization to eliminate the predominant quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and the subsequent two steps of column chromatographies, brought MCAD to homogeneity. Purified MCAD had a molecular mass of 83 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Substrate specificity showed that MCAD was an enzyme oxidizing a wide variety of cyclic alcohols. Some minor enzyme activity was found with aliphatic secondary alcohols and sugar alcohols, but not primary alcohols, differentiating MCAD from quinoprotein ADH. NAD-dependent cytosolic cyclic alcohol dehydrogenase (CCAD) in the same organism was crystallized and its catalytic and physicochemical properties were characterized. Judging from the catalytic properties of CCAD, it was apparent that CCAD was distinct from MCAD in many respects and seemed to make no contributions to cyclic alcohol oxidation.
Coherently radiating periodic structures (CORPS): a step towards high resolution imaging systems? (2005)

The coherently radiating periodic structures (CORPS) use the existing mutual coupling between the elements of an array to spread horizontally and coherently (in-phase) the complex amplitudes of each active element of the array. Despite the elements of the array being not too directive, the corporative behavior of all of them, radiating coherently the same information, provides highly directive beams arising from each array element, being possible narrow distances between beams. This concept applied to imaging systems, based on periodic disposition of low-profile radiating elements, could offer high resolution images in the range of microwaves and millimeter waves.
<title>Improving photomask linewidth measurement accuracy via emulated stepper aerial image measurement</title> (1994)

The most significant contribution to uncertainty in the measurement of photomask linewidths is the rough shape of the edge of the etched chrome lines. This uncertainty can be greatly reduced if the emulated stepper aerial image of the feature is measured instead of its geometric linewidth. That is: measure what the photomask does, not what it is. Phase-shift and other kinds of mask can be measured in the same way.
Measurements of Vibrations and computer simulations in the design of vibroinsulation of railroads (2019)

Abstract Presented paper describes the problem of vibrations in buildings generated by rail transport. The dynamic analysis presented in this paper was based on two Polish standards developed at the Institute of the Structural Mechanics at the Cracow University of Technology: PN-2016/B-02170. Evaluation of the harmfulness of building vibrations due to ground motion and PN-2017/B-02171. Evaluation of vibration influence on people in buildings. These standards define the rules, methods and criteria of the performed evaluations. A prepared computational model of the building, as well as the way of propagation of vibrations generated by trains or trams, often requires experimental verification. It could be done due to measurements. The results of field tests should be recorded in the databases containing information related to the geometry of the structure (building itself, track bed and tunnel-housing in case of the metro), propagation path (its length and nature of soil layers) and finally material properties. Presented examples of computer simulation application during designing of the vibration isolation of railway tracks in the tunnel as well as tram line surface, showed that the basis of such calculations should be carried out by vibration measurements in a given case or taken from proper measurement databases. Predictions may concern not only the impact of vibrations on surrounding buildings and people staying in them, but also reduction of expected vibrations of the engineering structures. In order to verify the correctness of adopted due to computer simulations solutions minimizing vibrations, it is necessary to perform post-implementation measurements, which should be a supplement to the mentioned database. This approach to the design of vibroisolation allows checking the used numerical procedures as well as implemented material constants describing materials used in the numerical model or in the case of constructing the building the quality of the materials used.
[Research on cluster-assistant multiple ionization of acetonitrile by intense nanosecond laser]. (2008)

To further investigate the relation between cluster and multi-charged ions, the photo-ionization of acetonitrile molecular beam carried by helium was studied by time-of-flight mass spectrometry using 25 ns, 532 nm and 1 064 nm Nd-YAG laser with an intensity of 10(10) W x cm(-2). When the effused beam of CH3CN at a pressure of about 11 kPa was irradiated by a 532 nm laser, only a few mono-charged ions appeared in the mass spectrum and were clearly resolved, While the pulsed molecular beam seeded in 0.15 MPa He, multi-charged species appeared between H+ and C+, and parent ions containing one or more acetonitrile molecules were also discovered. The intrinsical difference between effused beam and pulsed one was that for the latter it was easier to generate molecule clusters. Adjusting delay time between laser and pulsed valve to shine the laser on different potions of pulsed beam, the change tendency of integral intensity of different multi-charged ions was found to remain similar to that of acetonitrile cluster, and the highest intensity of different ion species appeared at the same 0.75 ms delay time. When the wavelength of laser was changed from 532 nm to 1064 nm, the type of ions and their proportion from effused beam were alike except intensity, but the result of pulsed beam altered obviously. Multi-charged ions showed peak splitting, which characters CE (Coulomb explode). As a powerful tool to understand some chemical physics processes involved, correlation analysis of the time of flight mass spectrum was used. The spectrum of 532 nm was selected owing to its multi-charged ions distinguished easily. The correlations among N(n+) (n = 2-5) and C(n+) (n = 2-4) were all above 0.25, with some even above 0.7, indicating that these ions are highly correlated and probably come from the CE events simultaneously. An electron re-scattering and re-colliding ionization model was proposed to explain the appearances of those multiple charged ions under such low laser intensity. From the theory, the longer wavelength facilitates the energy absorption rate during inverse bremsstrahlung, which leads to the resulting wavelength dependence of the multi-charged atomic ions.
Preparation and characterization of magnetic polyaniline micropheres (2002)

The Fe3O4 nanoparticles primarily prepared by precipitation-oxidation method, and the Fe3O4-PANI nanoparticles with core-shell structure is synthesized via an in-situ polymerization of aniline monomer in an aqueous solution, which contains well-dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles and surfactant NaBS. The particles are almost spherical with diameters ranging from 20~30 nm. These particles are polydisperse and some of them agglomerated due to magneto-dipole interactions between particles. TEM micrographs of Fe3O4-PANI nanoparticles, which is quite polydispersed. 70%~80% of the Fe3O4-PANI particles are ranged from 70~100 nm in diameter. In order to identify the core-shell structure of nanoparticles, the Fe3O4-PANI powder composite was dissolved with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidore, which is a good solvent for PANI, and observed by TEM again. The micrograph was similar to the micrograph of Fe3O4 particles. This result indicated Fe3O4-PANI nanoparticle was core-shell structure. The core is Fe3O4nanoparticles and the shell is composed of PANI. Fe3O4 content was found to affect significantly on both conductivity and magnetization of the resulting PANI composites. When 9% Fe3O4 was incorporated into PANI, the conductivity of PANI composite was greatly reduced from 5.55×10-3~1.53×10-4 s/cm. Further increasing of Fe3O4content from 16%~44%, results in slight reduction of the conductivity at room temperature. The decrease in conductivity of Fe3O4-PANI composite with increasing Fe3O4 content was due to a decrease in the doping degree, assigned as S/N ratio. The S/N ratios decrease from 0.31 to 0.09 with increasing Fe3O4 content from 0 to 44 %. The magnetic properties of the Fe3O4-PANI nanocomposite depend on the Fe3O4 content. Increasing Fe3O4 content from 0 to 44 considerably increases both the saturated magnetization (Ms) and the coercive force (Hc) from 0~55.4 emu/g and 0~62 Oe, respectively. Since PANI powder is not magnetic, the magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles are attributed to the ferromagnetic properties. The magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles can improve the thermal stability of Fe3O4-polyaniline nanocomposites due to interaction between Fe3O4 particles and polyaniline chains.
Hot-phonon effects on electron transport in quantum wires (1996)

Hot (nonequilibrium) phonon effects on electron transport in rectangular GaAs/AlAs quantum wires have been investigated by a self-consistent Monte Carlo simulation. Confinement and localization of optical phonons have been taken into account. We have demonstrated that at room temperature hot optical phonons lead to a significant increase in electron drift velocity. This hot-phonon drag effect is due to the strongly asymmetric nonequilibrium phonon distribution. As a result, phonon absorption for forward transitions (electron gains momentum along electric field) is enhanced, whereas absorption for backward transitions (electron gains momentum against electric field) is suppressed. At low temperatures diffusive heating of electrons by hot phonons dominates over hot-phonon drag and the electron drift velocity decreases.
Trace elements in soils and crops (1979)

Abstract To demonstrate the total amounts to be expected in soils, the ranges of contents of some 60 trace elements in ten representative Scottish arable surface soils are compared with ranges in soil-forming rocks and with crustal averages. It is, however, the amounts potentially available to plants rather than the total contents that are biologically significant. In temperate climates, trace element mobilization is greatest when weathering takes place under conditions of impeded pedological drainage, leading to the formation of gleyed soils. Mobilized trace elements occur in arable surface soils largely in adsorbed and chelated forms, which are available to plants to a greater or smaller extent depending on the prevailing soil parameters and on the element in question. Different species take up different amounts of trace elements: the proportions in the various plant parts vary with the element and the stage of growth. Information is required about the mobilization and uptake of many elements about which little is at present known but which may affect the functions of essential elements through inter-element interactions. Systematic soil surveys in which soils are mapped by associations related to parent material, with their series related to genetic soil types, provide a useful countrywide guide to trace element status.
Comparison of Hierarchic Agglomerative Clustering Methods for Document Retrieval (1989)

This paper considers the use of the single linkage, complete linkage, group average and Ward hierarchic agglomerative clustering methods for document retrieval. The methods are used to cluster seven document test collections for which queries and relevance judgements are available. Several retrieval strategies are described which allow searches to be carried out of the clustered document files resulting from the use of the four methods. These searches suggest that the group average method is the most suitable for document clustering purposes; however, searches of the unclustered document collections and of a simpler type of clustered file (based on pairs of nearest neighbours) usually result in better levels of retrieval effectiveness than searches of the clustered collections.