gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuronal Apoptosis by Apolipoprotein E4 through Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein and Heterotrimeric GTPases (2000)

The epsilon4 genotype of apolipoprotein E (apoE4) is the most established predisposing factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, it remains unclear how apoE4 contributes to the pathophysiology. Here, we report that the apoE4 protein (ApoE4) evokes apoptosis in neuronal cells through the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and heterotrimeric GTPases. We examined neuron/neuroblastoma hybrid F11 cells and found that these cells were killed by 30 microg/ml ApoE4, but not by 30 microg/ml ApoE3. ApoE4-induced death occurred with typical features for apoptosis in time- and dose-dependent manners, and was observed in SH-SY5Y neuroblastomas, but not in glioblastomas or non-neuronal Chinese hamster ovary cells. Activated, but not native, alpha2-macroglobulin suppressed this ApoE4 toxicity. Suppression by the antisense oligonucleotide to LRP and inhibition by low nanomolar concentrations of LRP-associated protein RAP provided evidence for the involvement of LRP. The involvement of heterotrimeric GTPases was demonstrated by the findings that (1) ApoE4-induced death was suppressed by pertussis toxin (PTX), but not by heat-inactivated PTX; and (2) transfection with PTX-resistant mutant cDNAs of Galpha(i) restored the toxicity of ApoE4 restricted by PTX. We thus conclude that one of the neurotoxic mechanisms triggered by ApoE4 is to activate a cell type-specific apoptogenic program involving LRP and the G(i) class of GTPases and that the apoE4 gene may play a direct role in the pathogenesis of AD and other forms of dementia.
Fungicidal activity of β‐thujaplicin analogues (2001)

The fungicidal activity of analogues of beta-thujaplicin, a natural product responsible for the durability of heartwood of several cupressaceous trees, was investigated in vitro on the growth of different white and brown rot fungi involved in wood biodegradation, Coriolus versicolor, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Poria placenta and Gloephyllum trabeum. The study shows that 2-hydroxycyclohepta-2,4,6-trienone (tropolone), easily prepared according to a literature procedure, possesses interesting fungicidal activity when compared to beta-thujaplicin, azaconazole, tebuconazole and copper oxine, which suggests this compound should be examined further as a potential biocide for wood preservation.
Real-Time Multiple Sound Source Localization and Counting Using a Circular Microphone Array (2013)

In this work, a multiple sound source localization and counting method is presented, that imposes relaxed sparsity constraints on the source signals. A uniform circular microphone array is used to overcome the ambiguities of linear arrays, however the underlying concepts (sparse component analysis and matching pursuit-based operation on the histogram of estimates) are applicable to any microphone array topology. Our method is based on detecting time-frequency (TF) zones where one source is dominant over the others. Using appropriately selected TF components in these “single-source” zones, the proposed method jointly estimates the number of active sources and their corresponding directions of arrival (DOAs) by applying a matching pursuit-based approach to the histogram of DOA estimates. The method is shown to have excellent performance for DOA estimation and source counting, and to be highly suitable for real-time applications due to its low complexity. Through simulations (in various signal-to-noise ratio conditions and reverberant environments) and real environment experiments, we indicate that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art DOA and source counting methods in terms of accuracy, while being significantly more efficient in terms of computational complexity.
Psychological characteristics associated with ultra‐marathon running: An exploratory self‐report and psychophysiological study (2020)

ObjectiveUltra‐marathon running is an extremely demanding sport. Psychological factors that affect responses to stressors and may contribute to ultra‐runners' ability to engage in their sport include resilience, personality characteristics, and affective processing. This exploratory study investigated ultra‐runners' resilience, personality traits, emotion regulation abilities, and self‐report and physiological responses to emotionally negative stimuli.MethodTwenty ultra‐runners and 20 non‐running controls completed the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire–Brief Form (MPQ–BF). Participants also completed a computerised emotion regulation task in which they were instructed to down‐regulate their responses to emotionally negative images. They provided self‐report ratings of their responses to the images and their heart rate and skin conductance responses were also recorded.ResultsThe ultra‐runners scored higher than controls on the CD‐RISC (p = .014; d = 0.81) and Positive Reappraisal subscale of the CERQ (p = .034; d = 0.70). They also scored lower on the Social Closeness scale of the MPQ‐BF (p = .037; d = −0.68). In the emotion regulation task, they did not differ in their self‐report responses to negative images but displayed smaller cardiac and skin conductance responses to these images (both p = .04; ηp2 ≥ .11).ConclusionsCompared with non‐runners, ultra‐runners appear to be more resilient, more likely to engage in positive reappraisal, lower in affiliative extraversion, and less physiologically responsive to emotionally negative stimuli. They otherwise appear to be broadly similar to non‐runners with respect to their personality traits and emotion regulation processes.
Extracellular Matrix Molecules of the Eggshell as Related to Eggshell Quality (1997)

The extracellular matrix of the mineralizing eggshell contains molecules hypothesized to be regulators biomineralization. To study eggshell matrix molecules, a bank of monoclonal antibodies was generated that bound demineralized eggshell matrix or localized to oviduct epithelium. Immunofluorescence staining revealed several staining patterns for antibodies that recognized secretory cells: staining for a majority of columnar lining cells, staining for a minor sub-set of columnar lining cells, intensified staining within epithelial crypts, and staining of the entire tubular gland. Western blotting with the antibody Epi2 on eggshell matrix showed binding to molecules with the apparent molecular weight of eggshell matrix dermatan sulfate proteoglycan (eggshell DSPG) (Carrino, et al., 1997). Immunoblots of cyanogen bromide-cleaved eggshell DSPG revealed broad band of reactivity that shifted to 25 kDa after chondroitinase digestion; indicating that the Epi2 binding site is located on a fragment which contains dermatan sulfate side chains. Immunogold labeling showed that Epi2 binds to secretory vesicles within the non-ciliated cells of the columnar epithelium, while the antibodies Tg1 and Tg2 bind to secretory vesicles of tubular gland cells. Immunogold labeling of demineralized shell matrix showed binding of Epi2, Tg1, and Tg2 to the matrix of the palisades layer, and showed little reactivity to other regions of the shell matrix. Quantification of the immunogold particles within the eggshell matrix revealed that antibodies Epi2 and Tg1 bind all calcified regions equally while antibody Tg2 has a greater affinity for the baseplate region of the calcium reserve assembly.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE VANTAGEM COMPETITIVA SOB A ÓTICA DA VISÃO BASEADA EM RECURSOS (2015)

O estudo da Visao Baseada em Recurso como fonte de vantagem competitiva em organizacoes de tecnologia da informacao participantes de Arranjos Produtivos Locais de Software e um tema pouco explorado em estudos teorico-empiricos. A vantagem competitiva em ambiente organizacional instavel como TI e abordada em pesquisas sobre as capacidades dinâmicas que auxiliam na construcao deste processo. O objetivo deste estudo e caracterizar as fontes de vantagens competitivas temporais e sustentaveis, classificadas sob sua tangibilidade e dinamismo dos recursos e capacidades da organizacao e a influencia que o APL tem nesta construcao. O resultado da analise deste estudo de caso e que existem evidencias que os recursos e capacidades que geram potencial de competitividade sustentavel: Aprendizagem, influenciado pelo APL e reputacao, influenciado parcialmente pelo APL. Potencial de competitividade temporal: Treinamento, influenciado pela participacao no APL. A estrategia de pesquisa utilizada foi um estudo de caso qualitativo e os casos escolhidos foram tres organizacoes de Tecnologia da Informacao participantes do APL IGUASSU IT.
Cloning Human Natural Killer Cells (2003)

Our understanding of the phenotypical and functional heterogeneity of human natural killer (NK) cells has greatly advanced over the past few years. This advancement has been greatly helped by the development of culture conditions for clonal proliferation of NK cells. Analysis of human NK cell clones has led to the original observation that different NK cell clones recognize distinct major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I specificities. This has prompted the production of monoclonal antibodies directed to NK cell surface antigens clonally distributed, and, ultimately, the biochemical and molecular definition of the NK cell surface glycoproteins functioning as MHC class I receptors.
Broad review of four-point probe correction factors: Enhanced analytical model using advanced numerical and experimental cross-examination (2023)

Following a comprehensive top-to-bottom review of the four-point probe’s (4PP) system configurations and usages, an original, cross-checking approach of combining analytical, experimental and numerical methods is presented to serve as a simple unified package for determining electrical resistivity. After a successful comparison based on error analysis between the different results, a robust correction of the analytical model is presented to extract the electrical resistivity from simulations results. Moreover, we present original results from a selection of models and measurements of resistivity applied to germanium samples sharing non-ideal geometries.
Radiology of Cavernous Sinus and Parasellar Region (2012)

The cavernous sinuses are paired dural enclosed, venous structures found on either side of the sella turcica and sphenoid sinus. Several critical structures such as cranial nerves 3, 4, 6, V1 and V2 as well as the internal carotid artery all pass through the cavernous sinuses. Numerous conditions can affect the region, including a wide a range of neoplastic, infectious, inflammatory, and vascular diseases. The aim of this poster is to highlight the radiographic anatomy of the region and review some of the disease processes that can arise. For each entity, the patient demographics, important clinical findings, and the key radiographic features will be reviewed.
Regulation of Phosphorylation of a Specific Protein in Toad-Bladder Membrane by Antidiuretic Hormone and Cyclic AMP, and Its Possible Relationship to Membrane Permeability Changes (1973)

Phosphorylation of a specific protein was decreased in intact toad bladders by exposure to either antidiuretic hormone or monobutyryl cyclic AMP. The decrease in phosphorylation caused by these agents preceded the change in electrical potential difference (an indicator of the rate of sodium ion transport) observed in response to the same compounds. The addition of cyclic AMP to homogenates of toad bladder led to a decrease in phosphorylation of the same, or a similar, protein. In subcellular fractionation studies, the effect of cyclic AMP on the phosphorylation of this protein was observed in those fractions rich in membrane fragments, but not in the nuclear or cell-sap fractions. These and other results are compatible with the possibility that the regulation by vasopressin and cyclic AMP of sodium and/or water transport in toad bladder may be mediated through regulation of the phosphorylation of this specific protein.
Focal adhesion kinase expression in ovarian endometriosis (2008)

FAK might contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of endometriosis.
Bíomedícal Polymers (1966)

Abstract One of the most exciting current fields of research is that of biomedical polymers: the replacement of various complex biological materials in the body with less complex synthetic polymers, designed to perform the function of the natural material. These may range from relatively simple “artificial” parts (such as vascular prostheses, heart valves, lenses and vitreous fluid of eyes, drain tubes, tendons, cosmetic implant materials) and assist materials (such as sutures, surgical adhesives, and plasma extenders) to more complex devices (such as artificial kidneys, artificial lungs, and artificial heart and assist devices). The environment to which the polymers are exposed varies considerably, since their uses may be external or internal, temporary or permanent.
Intramolecular antiferromagnetic exchange in tris(o-semiquinone) complexes of vanadium(III), chromium(III), and iron(III) (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular antiferromagnetic exchange in tris(o-semiquinone) complexes of vanadium(III), chromium(III), and iron(III)Robert M. Buchanan, Hartley H. Downs, William B. Shorthill, Cortlandt G. Pierpont, Stephen L. Kessel, and David N. HendricksonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 13, 4318–4320Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00481a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00481a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views353Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Über bi‐ und polycyclische Azulene, XXXVII. Synthesen und Eigenschaften von Azulen‐aldehyden (1959)

Abstract Azulen‐aldehyde‐(1) bzw. ‐(3) lassen sich nach dem Verfahren von V ILSMEIER darstellen. Sie sind reaktionsträger als aromatische Aldehyde. Die Aldehydgruppe läßt sich durch Reduktion nach H UANG ‐M INLON in die Methylgruppe überführen. Die dabei eintretenden spektralen Verschiebungen werden diskutiert. An einigen Beispielen wird bewiesen, daß die Aldehydgruppe in 1‐ bzw. 3‐Stellung eingetreten ist.
A "Step recovery" switching transistor (1965)

Fast rise time pulses can be generated with a special high-frequency silicon transistor structure having a collector diffusion profile designed to control the charge storage in the collector. When this transistor is switched out of saturation, the field in the collector forces the stored minority carriers towards the center of the base-collector junction. At the end of the storage phase, the transistor switches abruptly to the open condition in the same manner as a step recovery diode. The switching current flows through the base, and thus a very low base resistance is required. This is accomplished using a high-frequency interdigitated transistor geometry with metal over oxide connections. The transistor also requires a uniform impurity profile through the whole collector base junction which is obtained in a mesa-type collector junction. An unusual structure is used to combine these two requirements.
Model-based reconstruction of spectral and spatial source distribution from objects with known motion (2010)

A model-based activity reconstruction in both the energy and spatial domains is developed that includes separate parameterization for any objects moving with known motion. This approach corrects for object motion, without smearing the stationary backdrop space. The goal is to simultaneously obtain an energy-dependent spatial map of the radiation field for the backdrop and for each parameterized moving object. Experimental results show that the method can successfully reconstruct the activity of moving objects while also revealing stationary sources in the backdrop. Also, by including the possibility of partial photon energy deposition in the detector in the model, the incident energy spectrum is reconstructed more accurately.
OASIS regulates chondroitin 6‐O‐sulfotransferase 1 gene transcription in the injured adult mouse cerebral cortex (2014)

Old astrocyte specifically induced substance (OASIS), a basic leucine zipper transcription factor of the cAMP response element binding/Activating transcription factor family, is induced in reactive astrocytes in vivo and has important roles in quality control of protein synthesis at the endoplasmic reticulum. Reactive astrocytes produce a non-permissive environment for regenerating axons by up-regulating chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). In this study, we focus on the potential role of OASIS in CSPG production in the adult mouse cerebral cortex. CS-C immunoreactivity, which represents chondroitin sulfate moieties, was significantly attenuated in the stab-injured cortices of OASIS knockout mice compared to those of wild-type mice. We next examined expression of the CSPG-synthesizing enzymes and core proteins of CSPGs in the stab-injured cortices of OASIS knockout and wild-type mice. The levels of chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase 1 (C6ST1, one of the major enzymes involved in sulfation of CSPGs) mRNA and protein increased after cortical stab injury of wild-type, but not of OASIS knockout, mice. A C-terminal deletion mutant OASIS over-expressed in rat C6 glioma cells increased C6ST1 transcription by interacting with the first intron region. Neurite outgrowth of cultured hippocampal neurons was inhibited on culture dishes coated with membrane fractions of epidermal growth factor-treated astrocytes derived from wild type but not from OASIS knockout mice. These results suggest that OASIS regulates the transcription of C6ST1 and thereby promotes CSPG sulfation in astrocytes. Through these mechanisms, OASIS may modulate axonal regeneration in the injured cerebral cortex. OASIS, an ER stress-responsive CREB/ATF family member, is up-regulated in the reactive astrocytes of the injured brain. We found that the up-regulated OASIS is involved in the transcriptional regulation of C6ST1 gene, which promotes chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) sulfation. We conclude that OASIS functions as an anti-regenerative transcription factor by establishing a non-permissive microenvironment to regenerating axons.
Bronchopulmonary and Pressor Activities of Endothelin-1 (ET-1), ET-2, ET-3, and Big ET-1 in the Guinea Pig (1991)

In anesthetized and ventilated guinea pigs, intravenous injection of ET-1, ET-2, or ET-3 induced similar rapid and dose-related increases in pulmonary inflation pressure (PIP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). Indomethacin inhibited the increase in PIP evoked by ET-1, ET-2, or ET-3, whereas the changes in MABP following injection of the various ET isotypes were not significantly affected. Injection of ET-1, ET-2, or ET-3 via the pulmonary artery of isolated guinea pig lungs induced similar dose-dependent increases in PIP and pulmonary perfusion pressure (PPP), thromboxane B2 (TxB2) release, and formation of lung edema. Indomethacin (5 microM), added to the perfusion medium, significantly inhibited the alterations of PIP, PPP, TxB2 release, and lung edema formation evoked by the three ET isoforms. Intravenous injection of 1 nmol/kg of big ET-1 to guinea pigs did not induce significant changes in PIP and MABP. When administered at a dose of 10 nmol/kg, big ET-1 provoked marked slow-developing and sustained increases in PIP and MABP. When big ET-1 was incubated in vitro with either alpha-chymotrypsin or pepsin and injected into guinea pigs at a dose of 1 nmol/kg, marked rapid bronchoconstrictor and pressor responses were observed. The present results demonstrate that ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3 exert comparable bronchopulmonary and pressor activities in the guinea pig. On the contrary, big ET-1 exhibits moderate direct bronchoconstrictor and pressor effects and its hydrolysis by proteases appears to be essential for expression of its full activity.
Mathematical modeling applied to the left ventricle of heart (2014)

Background: How can mathematics help us to understand the mechanism of the cardiac motion? The best known approach is to take a mathematical model of the fibered structure, insert it into a more-or-less complex model of cardiac architecture, and then study the resulting fibers of activation that propagate through the myocardium. In our paper, we have attempted to create a novel software capable of demonstrate left ventricular (LV) model in normal hearts. Method: Echocardiography was performed on 70 healthy volunteers. Data evaluated included: velocity (radial, longitudinal, rotational and vector point), displacement (longitudinal and rotational), strain rate (longitudinal and circumferential) and strain (radial, longitudinal and circumferential) of all 16 LV myocardial segments. Using these data, force vectors of myocardial samples were estimated by MATLAB software, interfaced in the echocardiograph system. Dynamic orientation contraction (through the cardiac cycle) of every individual myocardial fiber could be created by adding together the sequential steps of the multiple fragmented sectors of that fiber. This way we attempted to mechanically illustrate the global LV model. Result: Our study shows that in normal cases myocardial fibers initiate from the posterior basal region of the heart, continues through the LV free wall, reaches the septum, loops around the apex, ascends, and ends at the superior-anterior edge of LV. Conclusion: We were able to define the whole LV myocardial model mathematically, by MATLAB software in normal subjects. This will enable physicians to diagnose and follow up many cardiac diseases when this software is interfaced within echocardiographic machines.