gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indoor Experimental Trial in High SHF Wide-Band Massive MIMO Hybrid Beamforming (2019)

The fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system introduces the use of high frequency bands with very wide bandwidth for realizing super high bit rate more than 20 Gbps. To use such high frequency bands, Massive MIMO technologies by hybrid beamforming is a promising technology in terms of power consumption and implementation cost. Experimental trials of hybrid beamforming in 28 GHz band were already conducted in an indoor anechoic chamber and in an outdoor light-of-sight (LOS) environment. However, as MIMO takes advantage of multipath, it is important to evaluate the system performance in multipath-rich environment. It is also important to evaluate the system performance in non LOS (NLOS) environment, because high straightness of high SHF band can degrade its performance. To clarify these actual impacts, in multipath-rich room with some obstacles, we conducted two indoor downlink experimental trials: SU-MIMO and 8-user MU-MIMO at 28 GHz frequency band with 500 MHz bandwidth. The results of SU-MIMO experiments show more than 20 Gbps user throughput was achieved in the multipath-rich environment. We also confirmed that strong reflector improves the throughput when a user is in the NLOS environment. MU-MIMO experiments show the hybrid beamforming can improve both the system throughput and user fairness compared to analog beamforming.
Migration of sintered nanosilver die-attach material on alumina substrate at high temperatures (2011)

A nanoscale silver paste that can be sintered at temperatures below 300°C without external pressure is emerging as a promising die-attach material for implementing the low-temperature joining technology in high-temperature packaging. In this paper, we report our findings on silver migration in sintered nanosilver electrode-pair patterns on alumina substrate. The electrode pairs were biased at electric field ranging from 10 to 100 V/mm and at temperature between 250 °C and 400°C in dry air. Leakage currents across the electrodes were measured as the silver patterns were tested in an oven. Silver dendrites formed across the electrode gap were observed under an optical microscope and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Silver migration was found in samples tested at 400°C, 350°C, and 300°C, and 250°C. The measurements on leakage current vs. time were characterized by an initial incubation period, called "lifetime", followed by a sharp rise as silver dendrites were shorting the electrodes. A rapid rise in the "lifetime" with decreasing oxygen partial pressure was also found. A simple phenomenological model was derived to account for the observed dependence of "lifetime" on electric field, temperature, and oxygen partial pressure. The reliability of sintered nanosilver die-attachment over silver migration in high temperature applications can be significantly improved through packaging or encapsulation to reduce oxygen exposure.
Sensing Property of Self-Sensitive Piezoelectric Microcantilever Utilizing Pb(Zr0.52/Ti0.48)O3 Thin Film and LaNiO3 Oxide Electrode (2007)

In the present study, we describe the influence of LaNiO3 (LNO) oxide electrodes on the sensing property of self-sensitive piezoelectric microcantilevers using Pb(Zr0.52/Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) thin films as a sensor and an actuator. Microcantilevers with and without LNO thin films were fabricated through microelectromchanical systems (MEMS) microfabrication process. The transverse piezoelectric constant d31 of the PZT thin films with LNO thin films was determined to be -120 pm/V, while those without LNO thin films was determined to be -80 pm/V. In spite of the higher piezoelectric constant, the sensor output of the self-sensitive cantilevers with LNO thin films is only about 1/5 of those without LNO thin films. The result will be discussed in relation to the dielectric loss of the PZT thin films.
Methods for Estimating Population Density in Data-Limited Areas: Evaluating Regression and Tree-Based Models in Peru (2014)

Obtaining accurate small area estimates of population is essential for policy and health planning but is often difficult in countries with limited data. In lieu of available population data, small area estimate models draw information from previous time periods or from similar areas. This study focuses on model-based methods for estimating population when no direct samples are available in the area of interest. To explore the efficacy of tree-based models for estimating population density, we compare six different model structures including Random Forest and Bayesian Additive Regression Trees. Results demonstrate that without information from prior time periods, non-parametric tree-based models produced more accurate predictions than did conventional regression methods. Improving estimates of population density in non-sampled areas is important for regions with incomplete census data and has implications for economic, health and development policies.
Diarylureas Containing 5-Membered Heterocycles as CB1 Receptor Allosteric Modulators: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation (2018)

Allosteric modulators have attracted significant interest as an alternate strategy to modulate CB<sub>1</sub> receptor signaling for therapeutic benefits that may avoid the adverse effects associated with orthosteric ligands. Here we extended our previous structure-activity relationship studies on the diarylurea-based CB<sub>1</sub> negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) by introducing five-membered heterocycles to replace the 5-pyrrolidinylpyridinyl group in PSNCBAM-1 (1), one of the first generation CB<sub>1</sub> allosteric modulators. Many of these compounds had comparable potency to 1 in blocking the CB<sub>1</sub> agonist CP55,940 stimulated calcium mobilization and [<sup>35</sup>S]GTP-γ-S binding. Similar to 1, most compounds showed positive cooperativity by increasing [<sup>3</sup>H]CP55,940 binding, consistent with the positive allosteric modulator (PAM)-antagonist mechanism. Interestingly, these compounds exhibited differences in ability to increase specific binding of [<sup>3</sup>H]CP55,940 and decrease binding of the antagonist [<sup>3</sup>H]SR141716. In saturation binding studies, only increases in [<sup>3</sup>H]CP55,940 B<sub>max</sub>, but not K<sub>d</sub>, were observed, suggesting that these compounds stabilize low affinity receptors into a high affinity state. Among the series, the 2-pyrrolyl analogue (13) exhibited greater potency than 1 in the [<sup>35</sup>S]GTP-γ-S binding assay and significantly enhanced the maximum binding level in the [<sup>3</sup>H]CP5,5940 binding assay, indicating greater CB<sub>1</sub> receptor affinity and/or cooperativity.
Parameters of single-mode Ag+ion-exchange glass waveguides (1992)

An investigation was made of the influence of the Ag+ diffusion conditions on the parameters of planar glass waveguides. The diffusion process had more than one stage, creating two regions with different characteristic dependences of the refractive index on depth (a quasitwo-layer waveguide). Industrial waveguide fabrication conditions were determined for ensuring not only a weak dependence of the effective refractive index of a mode on the waveguide depth, but also low insertion losses.
Tissue oxidative stress level and remote organ injury in two-hit trauma model of sequential burn injury and peritoneal sepsis are attenuated with N-acetylcysteine treatment in rats. (2009)

NAC attenuated tissue oxidative stress level and remote organ injury in two-hit trauma. Further experimental and clinical studies on this subject are necessary.
Crystallization, morphology, and mechanical behavior of polylactide/poly(ε‐caprolactone) blends (2006)

Abstract Optically pure polylactides, poly( L ‐lactide) (PLLA) and poly( D ‐lactide) (PDLA), were blended across the range of compositions with poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) to study their crystallization, morphology, and mechanical behavior. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of the PLA/PCL blends showed two T g s at positions close to the pure components revealing phase separation. However, a shift in the tan δ peak position by DMA from 64 to 57°C suggests a partial solubility of PCL in the PLA‐rich phase. Scanning electron microscopy reveals phase separation and a transition in the phase morphology from spherical to interconnected domains as the equimolar blend approaches from the outermost compositions. The spherulitic growth of both PLA and PCL in the blends was followed by polarized optical microscopy at 140 and 37°C. From tensile tests at speed of 50 mm/min Young's modulus values between 5.2 and 0.4 GPa, strength values between 56 and 12 MPa, and strain at break values between 1 and 400% were obtained varying the blend composition. The viscoelastic properties ( E ′ and tan δ) obtained at frequency of 1 Hz by DMA are discussed and are found consistent with composition, phase separation, and crystallization behavior of the blends. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:1299–1308, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Status of the APEX Project at LBNL (2014)

The Advanced Photo-injector EXperiment (APEX) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), consists in the development of an injector designed to demonstrate the capability of the VHF gun, a normal conducting 186 MHz RF gun operating in CW mode, to deliver the brightness required by X-ray FEL applications at MHz repetition rate. APEX is organized in 3 main phases where different aspects of the required performance are gradually demonstrated. The status and future plans for the project are presented.
Pre-pregnancy blood pressure and pregnancy outcomes: a nationwide population-based study (2022)

'The lower, the better' phenomenon was still valid for both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Our results suggest that the recent changes in diagnostic thresholds for hypertension may also apply to pregnant women. Therefore, women with stage I hypertension prior to pregnancy should be carefully observed for adverse outcomes.
Insulin action in the brain regulates mitochondrial stress responses and reduces diet-induced weight gain (2019)

We define hypothalamic insulin action as a novel master regulator of MSR, ensuring proper mitochondrial function by controlling mitochondrial proteostasis and regulating metabolism.
Statistical Analysis of the Effects of Building Conditions on the Initial Loadings of On-piles Quays (2008)

This article presents an accurate survey of two on-piles quays with tie-rods during the building stage and the two first years of their opening. These first years after building are characterized by a very fair exploitation of both quays. The influence of the building conditions on the loads in the tie-rods of the two quays has been identified from measured data. On these two quays, identically designed, an original instrumentation strategy has been achieved: it aims to follow the behavior of the quays during the next 5 years including their building in view to set up models for the prediction of the loadings evolutions and to base the maintenance policy or exploitation during extreme events (storms) on a better understanding of the in-service behavior. This aim has been achieved by monitoring key components of the structure as the tie-rods and by surveying displacements of the quay, tide level, and water level in the embankment. An analysis of all the measurements obtained from 2002 to 2006 has led to identifying probability distributions which represent the randomness of the measured values. The study concludes on the use of these results for assessing structural health.
Extensible transaction management in Papyrus (2002)

The authors describe the extensible transaction management architecture of Papyrus and its motivation. In Papyrus, persistent data are encapsulated in data servers, which provide a collection of methods that clients may use to access and update the data. The Papyrus architecture allows data servers to specify their own concurrency-control algorithms. A data server can present its clients with a choice of concurrency-control algorithms. Upon beginning a transaction, the client specifies a particular concurrency-control algorithm for each data server it will access. Using serialization rules supplied by each data server, the Papyrus lock manager serializes transactions over all data servers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Evaluation of 99mTechnetium-Mebrofenin and 99mTechnetium-Sestamibi as Specific Probes for Hepatic Transport Protein Function in Rat and Human Hepatocytes (2020)

This study characterized 99mTc-Mebrofenin (MEB) and 99mTc-Sestamibi (MIBI) hepatic transport and preferential efflux routes (canalicular vs. basolateral) in rat and human sandwich-cultured hepatocytes (SCH).
Demand Response-Enabled Residential Thermostat Controls (2008)

A number of Demand Response (DR) technologies work by responding to variable electricity pricing, but have not yet been applied to control residential HVAC systems. An autonomous thermostat system, the Demand Response Electrical Appliance Manager (DREAM), provides possibilities to improve price-based demand responsiveness in residences.Built on low-cost, low-power wireless technology, the system uses a disaggregated set of energy- and environmental sensors. Control strategies are implemented to optimize electricity cost and user’s comfort. To perform the optimization, the system starts from default values and learns the dynamic behavior of a house and HVAC system. A graphic user interface provides easy interaction with the system. Computer simulation, lab tests and field tests have been used to validate the system infrastructure and control strategies. These tests indicate that the DREAM responds automatically to price signals with appropriate energy saving behavior. The system can reduce electricity consumption during peak price hours without significantly decreasing comfort.
Zhanget al.Reply: (2004)

A Reply to the Comment by Michel van Veenendaal and A. J. Fedro, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 219701 (2004).Received 7 November 2003DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.219702©2004 American Physical Society
Evaluation of the Bergen Cephalometric Norms: A Radiological and Statistical Appraisal (1987)

The normal values of the angular radiographic cephalometric measurements in the Bergen analysis, the so called orthognathic combinations, were compared with the associations between these measurements obtained from two population samples. The original sample of the study consisted of 55 untreated orthodontic patients aged 7-14 years and with Angle's Class I malocclusion. Additional data were obtained from Solow's study on young male adults. The comparison indicated differences between the Bergen acceptable combinations and the population estimates. The Bergen norms seemed to be constructed partly on the basis of solely topographical correlations. Therefore, it can be claimed that Bergen cephalometric norms are more artificial than biological, because of which the clinical use of the Bergen analysis requires special caution.
Molecular Diagnosis of Hypercoagulable States (2004)

Several techniques exist for the molecular diagnosis of hypercoagulable states, included but not limited to these techniques are restricted fragment length polymorphism, polymerase chain reaction, and array technology. Due to the heterogeneity of mutations, it is currently not practical to test all genes that are responsible for defects in the coagulation pathway. This article gives a brief background on hypercoagulable states and the laboratory’s role in diagnosing them.
Chemical and physical phenomena determining carbon gasification reactivity (1987)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1987.
Suspected Lynch syndrome associated MSH6 variants: A functional assay to determine their pathogenicity (2017)

Lynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary cancer predisposition caused by inactivating mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Mutations in the MSH6 DNA MMR gene account for approximately 18% of LS cases. Many LS-associated sequence variants are nonsense and frameshift mutations that clearly abrogate MMR activity. However, missense mutations whose functional implications are unclear are also frequently seen in suspected-LS patients. To conclusively diagnose LS and enroll patients in appropriate surveillance programs to reduce morbidity as well as mortality, the functional consequences of these variants of uncertain clinical significance (VUS) must be defined. We present an oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis screen for the identification of pathogenic MSH6 VUS. In the screen, the MSH6 variant of interest is introduced into mouse embryonic stem cells by site-directed mutagenesis. Subsequent selection for MMR-deficient cells using the DNA damaging agent 6-thioguanine (6TG) allows the identification of MMR abrogating VUS because solely MMR-deficient cells survive 6TG exposure. We demonstrate the efficacy of the genetic screen, investigate the phenotype of 26 MSH6 VUS and compare our screening results to clinical data from suspected-LS patients carrying these variant alleles.
THE FUTURE OF PROPULSION SYSTEMS MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR. DIESEL MANUFACTURER'S VIEWPOINT. CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY VIEWPOINT (1978)

The first paper discusses maintenance problems and solutions to them, and presents the man-complex maintenance system. Extractions from a questionnaire to shipowners are included. The second paper discusses the attitude of the classification societies to the possibility of extending the period between ship overhaul and inspection. Order from NSFI as No. 14986.
Broadband polarization gratings for efficient liquid crystal display, beam steering, spectropolarimetry, and Fresnel zone plate (2009)

We introduce achromatic polarization gratings (PGs) as broadband polarizing beam splitters, which exhibit practically ~100% efficient diffraction over a wide range of spectrum. We have experimentally demonstrated high-quality achromatic PGs fabricated using holographic photoalignment techniques for liquid crystal (LC) materials. \n\nNon-ideal diffraction behaviors of the PGs have been investigated beyond the paraxial limitations (i.e., small grating periods, oblique incidence, and finite gratings) via extensive numerical analysis based on the finite-difference time-domain method. Design and fabrication of small-period PGs are also discussed to show how to achieve high diffraction efficiency and large diffraction angles at the same time.\n\nThree key innovative technologies utilizing the unique diffraction properties of the PGs have been introduced and experimentally demonstrated. The first application for light-efficient LC displays is the polymer-PG display. We have developed a prototype projector based on the polymer-PG display as a viable solution for ultra-bright pico-projector applications. Second, two novel beam steering concepts based on the PG diffraction have been proposed: a non-mechanical, wide-angle beam steering system using stacked PGs and LC waveplates and the Risley grating as a thin-plate version of the Risley prism. The third PG application is in advanced imaging and non-imaging spectropolarimetry.\n\nIn the last part of this Dissertation, we introduce a polarization-type Fresnel zone plates (P-FZPs), comprising of spatial-variant linear birefringence or concentric PG (CPG) patterns. We have experimentally demonstrated high-quality P-FZPs, which exhibit ideal Fresnel-type lens effects, formed as both LC polymer films and electro-optical LC devices.\n\nIn summary, we have explored the fundamental diffraction behavior of the polarization gratings and their applications in various optics and photonics technologies. We conclude this Dissertation with our suggestions of a number of potential innovations and advances in technologies that can be enabled by polarization gratings and related technologies.
Distributed Time-Varying Stochastic Optimization and Utility-Based Communication (2014)

We devise a distributed asynchronous stochastic epsilon-gradient-based algorithm to enable a network of computing and communicating nodes to solve a constrained discrete-time time-varying stochastic convex optimization problem. Each node updates its own decision variable only once every discrete time step. Under some assumptions (among which, strong convexity, Lipschitz continuity of the gradient, persistent excitation), we prove the algorithm's asymptotic convergence in expectation to an error bound whose size is related to the constant stepsize choice alpha, the variability in time of the optimization problem, and to the accuracy epsilon. Moreover, the convergence rate is linear. Then, we show how to compute locally stochastic epsilon-gradients that depend also on the time-varying noise probability density function (PDF) of the neighboring nodes, without requiring the neighbors to send such PDFs at each time step. We devise utility-based policies to allow each node to decide whether to send or not the most up-to-date PDF, which guarantee a given user-specified error level epsilon in the computation of the stochastic epsilon-gradient. Numerical simulations display the added value of the proposed approach and its relevance for estimation and control of time-varying processes and networked systems.
Multi-chamber microfluidic platform for high-precision skin permeation testing (2017)

The established in vitro tool used for testing the absorption and penetration of chemicals through skin in pharmacology, toxicology and cosmetic science is the static Franz diffusion cell. While widespread, Franz cells are relatively costly, low-throughput and results may suffer from poor reproducibility. Microfluidics has the potential to overcome these drawbacks. In this paper, we present a novel microfluidic skin permeation platform and validate it rigorously against the Franz cell by comparing the transport of 3 model chemicals of varying lipophilicity: caffeine, salicylic acid and testosterone. Permeation experiments through silicone membranes show that the chip yields higher sensitivity in permeant cumulative amounts and comparable or lower coefficients of variation. Using a skin organotypic culture, we show that the chip decreases the effect of unstirred water layers that can occur in static Franz cells. The validation reported herein sets the stage for efficient skin permeation and toxicity screening and further development of microfluidic skin-on-chip devices.
A Rotating Electrolyte Disc (RED) for Operation in Liquid Metal Anode SOFCs (2013)

A novel Rotating Electrolyte Disc (RED) apparatus has been developed to determine parameters controlling mass transport of dissolved oxygen (and other gases) and oxidised species including metal oxide in liquid metal anode SOFCs. The validity of the concept and design for high temperature studies was first demonstrated by testing the setup in an aqueous system at ambient temperature (equimolar solution of ferrous and ferric chloride in KCl as supporting electrolyte). The diffusion coefficients have been determined for Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ by measuring the limiting oxidation and reduction diffusion-controlled currents. The obtained data have been compared with appropriate literature data. Preliminary testing of RED in molten tin electrodes is discussed.