gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear control of tumorigenicity in cells reconstructed by PEG‐induced fusion of cell fragments (1979)

Abstract The techniques of somatic cell hybridization have provided a valuable means of studying mechanisms of regulation of mammalian cell differentiation and transformation. Most previous studies have indicated that fusions between tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cells result in hybrid cells that are usually tumorigenic. In recent years it has been demonstrated that the phenotypic expression of tumorigenicity is at least partially due to the extensive chromosome loss that occurs in most interspecific and some intraspecific hybrid cells. In the present study we have utilized enucleation techniques that permit cells to be divided into nuclear (karyoplast) and cytoplasmic (cytoplast) cell fragments. Even though these nuclear and cytoplasmic fragments are metabolically stable for short periods of time, in our hands they ultimately degenerate. Viable cells can be reconstructed by PEG‐induced fusion of karyoplasts to cytoplasts. Since reconstructed cells apparently do not segregate chromosomes, they may provide a clearer understanding of the interactions between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in the control of the expression of tumorigenicity. We have reconstructed cells using karyoplasts from the tumorigenic Y‐1 cell line and cytoplasts from a nontumorigenic cell line, A‐MT‐BU‐A1. In addition we have reconstructed cells containing Y‐1 cytoplasts and A‐MT‐BU‐A1 karyoplasts. The reconstructed cells porduced were assayed for tumorigenicity by their ability to grow in soft agar and in nude mice. The results of these experiments indicate that the reconstructed cells containing a tumorigenic nucleus and a nontumorigenic cytoplasm ultimately are tumorigenic and conversely the reconstructed cells containing a nontumorigenic nucleus and a tumorigenic cytoplasm are nontumorigenic. These experiments support the concept that with these cell lines the nucleus (karyoplast) is sufficient to control the phenotypic expression of tumorigenicity.
Attenuating effect ofLactobacillus brevisG101 on the MSG symptom complex in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study (2015)

Oral administration of Lactobacillus brevis G101 may be able to reduce the intensity of the MSG symptom complex.
Persistent Effusions of the Middle Ear (1980)

Recent reports of isolation of bacteria from effusions of the middle ear taken from asymptomatic children have suggested a possible role for persistent bacterial infection in the etiology of prolonged effusions. To investigate the significance of anaerobic bacteria in such effusions, we obtained 51 samples of middle ear effusion (MEE) from 30 children. After careful cleansing of the tympanic membrane with 70% alcohol, we performed tympanocentesis prior to performing a myringotomy. Fastidious bacteriologic methods failed to yield a single anaerobic isolate from any of these specimens. We conclude that anaerobic infection of MEE is exceedingly uncommon.
The clinical immunology laboratory of the future (1994)

The clinical immunology laboratory assumes the responsibility of providing a complete array of analytical measurements for the diagnosis and management of patients with dysfunction of the humoral (antibody, complement) and cellular (T/B cells, phagocyte) immune system. To identify trends in the activities of the clinical immunology laboratory of the future, I first define the current status of the clinical/diagnostic immunology laboratory, examining six aspects: scope of work, analyte groups, assay methods, specimen types, instrumentation, and standardization. The scope of the clinical immunology laboratory's testing is expected to expand, with a trend toward consolidation of work into fewer, more well-equipped laboratories. An increase is expected in the total number of analytes examined as well as in the numbers of analyte groups and specificities. Assay methods will continue to improve in analytical and clinical sensitivity and specificity, with an emphasis toward less-complex procedures. The primary specimens evaluated will still be serum, urine, tissue, and cells, with a minor expansion into the use of other, less-accessible human body fluids. Instrumentation will move toward increased automation, with the concurrent development of "universal" automated immunoanalyzers for use in humoral and cellular immunology. Finally, standardization of immunological measurements with calibrated reference proteins and antibodies will promote interlaboratory agreement. I describe the diagnostic allergy laboratory to illustrate the immunology laboratory environment.
Laser Action in Fluorinated Europium Chelates in Acetonitrile (1965)

First Page
Coordinated phenotype switching with large-scale chromosome flip-flop inversion observed in bacteria (2012)

Genome inversions are ubiquitous in organisms ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Typical examples can be identified by comparing the genomes of two or more closely related organisms, where genome inversion footprints are clearly visible. Although the evolutionary implications of this phenomenon are huge, little is known about the function and biological meaning of this process. Here, we report our findings on a bacterium that generates a reversible, large-scale inversion of its chromosome (about half of its total genome) at high frequencies of up to once every four generations. This inversion switches on or off bacterial phenotypes, including colony morphology, antibiotic susceptibility, hemolytic activity, and expression of dozens of genes. Quantitative measurements and mathematical analyses indicate that this reversible switching is stochastic but self-organized so as to maintain two forms of stable cell populations (i.e., small colony variant, normal colony variant) as a bet-hedging strategy. Thus, this heritable and reversible genome fluctuation seems to govern the bacterial life cycle; it has a profound impact on the course and outcomes of bacterial infections.
Optimization of Electrical Stimulation for a High-Fidelity Artificial Retina (2019)

Retinal prostheses aim to restore visual perception in patients blinded by photoreceptor degeneration, by stimulating surviving retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), causing them to send artificial visual signals to the brain. Present-day devices produce limited vision, in part due to indiscriminate and simultaneous activation of many RGCs of different types that normally signal asynchronously. To improve artificial vision, we propose a closed-loop, cellular-resolution device that automatically identifies the types and properties of nearby RGCs, calibrates its stimulation to produce a dictionary of achievable RGC activity patterns, and then uses this dictionary to optimize stimulation patterns based on the incoming visual image. To test this concept, we use a high-density multi-electrode array as a lab prototype, and deliver a rapid sequence of electrical stimuli from the dictionary, progressively assembling a visual image within the visual integration time of the brain. Greedily minimizing the error between the visual stimulus and a linear reconstruction (as a surrogate for perception) yields a real-time algorithm with an efficiency of 96% relative to optimum. This framework also provides insights for developing efficient hardware. For example, using only the most effective 50% of electrodes minimally affects performance, suggesting that an adaptive device configured using measured properties of the patient's retina may permit efficiency with accuracy.
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH CERN SL DIVISION (2002)

A new high-flux spallation neutron source, the neutron Time-Of-Flight facility (nTOF), recently became operational at CERN. The neutron energy ranges from the thermal GeV range. Performance results from the commissioning are reported. Applied Physics A manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) First results from the neutron (nTOF) facility at CERN C. Borcea, S. Buono, P. Cennini, M. Dahlfors, V. Dangendorf, A. Ferrari, G. GarciaMunoz, Y. Kadi, V. Lacoste, R. Nolte, E. Radermacher, C. Rubbia, F. Saldana, V. Vlachoudis, T. Weierganz, L. Zanini 1 CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 2 CRS4, Cagliari, Italy 3 Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany 4 Universita di Pavia e Sezione dell’INFN, Pavia, Italy Received: .... / Revised version: .... Abstract A new high-flux spallation neutron source, the neutron Time-Of-Flight facility (nTOF), recently became operational at CERN. The neutron energy ranges from the thermal to the GeV range. Performance results from the commissioning are reported.A new high-flux spallation neutron source, the neutron Time-Of-Flight facility (nTOF), recently became operational at CERN. The neutron energy ranges from the thermal to the GeV range. Performance results from the commissioning are reported.
Transgenic production from in vivo‐derived embryos: Effect on calf birth weight and sex ratio (2001)

We examined transgenic-cattle production by DNA microinjection into 1-, 2-, and 4-cell embryos, analyzing the impact on calf size and subsequent viability. Embryos were either collected at an abattoir by flushing oviducts from superovulated and artificially inseminated cows (in vivo-derived) or obtained by in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization of oocytes aspirated from excised ovaries (in vitro-derived). A human serum albumin (hSA) milk-expression DNA construct was microinjected, either in one of the visible pronuclei of in vitro- and in vivo-derived 1-cell embryos or in the nuclei of two blastomeres of 2- and 4-cell in vivo-derived embryos. Microinjection-induced mortality (lysis and developmental block) was equivalent ( approximately 40%) for all microinjected embryos. Embryos were co-cultured with BRL cells in B-2 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum (FSC). Overall, embryo development to morulae/blastocysts was significantly greater for in vivo-derived ova (15.5%) than for in vitro-derived oocytes (9.3%). All morulae and blastocysts were transferred to synchronized recipient females on Days 6-8 post-fertilization. A total of 189 calves were delivered. Birth weights were significantly greater for calves generated from in vitro-derived oocytes compared with those generated from in vivo-derived oocytes. One transgenic bull calf was obtained from the microinjection of a 2-cell embryo. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of lymphocytes detected one transgenic integration site in all cells. Transmission frequency of the hSA transgene in embryos obtained through IVM/IVF/IVC utilizing the semen of the transgenic calf confirmed that it was not mosaic.
(Invited) Investigation of Hydrogen Oxidation and Evolution Reaction Activity on Iridium Metal in Alkaline Electrolyte (2015)

One of the challenges that currently impedes the commercialization of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) is the development of suitable catalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR, H 2 + 2 OH - → 2 H 2 O + 2 e - ).(1) Because this challenge is unique to the alkaline environment of AEMFCs and is not present in the acidic environment of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), there has been renewed interest in quantifying hydrogen oxidation and evolution (HOR/HER) reaction kinetics and understanding the differences in activities of catalysts in acidic and alkaline environments. In these studies, a disagreement has emerged concerning the HOR/HER activity of iridium (Ir) metal in base, with researchers reporting that it is both higher(2, 3) and lower(4) than the corresponding activity of platinum (Pt) metal. In our study, we re-examine the electrochemical behavior of polycrystalline Ir in alkaline environment and find that the HOR activity of Ir depends on the electrochemical characterization procedure used in its quantification. In particular, we determine that subjecting the electrode to increasingly more cathodic potentials leads to a decrease in the HOR activity. Although this phenomenon could be argued to correspond to the adsorption of contaminants onto the catalyst surface, we demonstrate that the underlying reason for the drop in activity is likely not a surface contamination effect, but rather absorption of hydrogen into the sub-surface of the Ir electrode. Specifically, we find that exposure of the Ir surface to potentials that are lower than 0.10 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in H 2 -saturated environment leads to an appearance of an oxidation peak (Fig. 1) in a potential region in which surface contaminants are not expected to be oxidized (0.15-0.20 V vs. RHE), and that the size of this peak scales inversely with the HOR activity of the surface. Our results have important implications towards understanding of the HOR/HER kinetics and the development of improved catalysts for these reactions. References 1. W. Sheng, H. A. Gasteiger and Y. Shao-Horn, J. Electrochem. Soc., 157, B1529 (2010). 2. N. Danilovic, R. Subbaraman, D. Strmcnik, K.-C. Chang, A. P. Paulikas, V. R. Stamenkovic and N. M. Markovic, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 51, 12495 (2012). 3. D. Strmcnik, M. Uchimura, C. Wang, R. Subbaraman, N. Danilovic, V. van der, A. P. Paulikas, V. R. Stamenkovic and N. M. Markovic, Nat Chem, 5, 300 (2013). 4. J. Durst, A. Siebel, C. Simon, F. Hasche, J. Herranz and H. A. Gasteiger, Energ. Environ. Sci., 7, 2255 (2014). Figure 1
Driver Behavior Analysis under Simulated Animal Crossing Scene (2014)

Animal-vehicle collisions (AVC) have an increasing impact on U.S. roadway safety; this trend necessitates comprehensive analysis of the variety of factors involved in such hazardous events. Human factor as a complicated component in this context has yet to be thoroughly studied. This study utilizes synthetic driving simulator data to better identify heterogeneity of driving behavior with AVC. More than 100 subjects were recruited to drive on a large-size realistic road network in four different animal related scenarios. In two scenarios, the animal passing occurred unexpectedly on a freeway and a highway, with or without a warning system. Using the driving simulator method, the study results revealed interesting facts regarding animal-driver interactions. The effect of driver-specific and road-related factors on the risk of AVC was determined using statistical analysis, such as Pearson’s chi-square and a logistic regression model. Drivers’ speeding behavior and collision probability were found to be associated with their socio-economic characteristics.
Application of superstatistics to atmospheric turbulence (2013)

We successfully apply the recent developed superstatistics theory to a temporal series of turbulent wind measurements recorded by the anemometers of Florence airport. Within this approach we can reproduce very well the fluctuations and the pdfs of wind velocity returns and differences. 1.
Ultrahigh-intensity KrF* laser system (1989)

The operational characteristics of an ultrahigh-intensity subpicosecond large-aperture KrF* laser system are described. Measurements show the achievement of a focal spot diameter of less than 1.7 microm. Combined with measurements of the pulse width and pulse energy, this yields an average intensity of ~2 x 10(19) W/cm(2), a value corresponding to a peak electric field of ~24 (e/a(0)(2)). Light sources of this nature will find application in a broad range of studies of the nonlinear properties of matter in the strong-field regime.
Construction of long DNA molecules using long PCR-based fusion of several fragments simultaneously (2004)

A procedure for precise assembly of linear DNA constructs as long as 20 kb is proposed. The method, which we call long multiple fusion, has been used to assemble up to four fragments simultaneously (for a 10.8 kb final product), offering an additional improvement on the combination of long PCR and overlap extension PCR. The method is based on Pfu polymerase mix, which has a proofreading activity. We successfully assembled (and confirmed by sequencing) seven different linear constructs ranging from 3 to 20 kb, including two 20 kb products (from fragments of 11, 1.7 and 7.5 kb), two 10.8 kb constructs, and two constructs of 6.1 and 6.2 kb, respectively. Accuracy of the PCR fusion is greater than or equal to one error per 6.6 kb, which is consistent with the expected error rate of the PCR mix. The method is expected to facilitate various kinds of complex genetic engineering projects that require precise in-frame assembly of multiple fragments, such as somatic cell knockout in human cells or creation of whole genomes of viruses for vaccine research.
Development of an Accelerated Aging Method for Evaluation of Long-Term Irradiation Effects on Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Implants (1996)

A general scheme for developing an accelerated aging method for irradiated biomaterials is proposed. Using UHMWPE implants as an example, an accelerated thermal diffusion oxidative aging (ATDOA) method has been developed. The method requires an optimum initial heating rate and an optimum aging temperature to accelerate oxidation reactions. Based upon oxidation-induced material property changes (crystallinity by DSC, tensile properties by ASTM D638 tensile test, oxidation index by FTIR, and low molecular weight fraction by GPC), correlations between accelerated aging time and post-radiation shelf aging time were obtained. The new ATDOA method allows a rapid evaluation of long-term irradiation effects on the material properties of UHMWPE implants.
Ping, Jean (2020)

Jean Ping (born November 24, 1942) was a leading figure in Gabonese politics from the late 1980s well into the 21st century. His mother belonged to the Nkomi ethnic group and his father was a rare Chinese resident of Gabon. Like most other young Gabonese intellectuals, he studied abroad in France and then became a supporter of the ruling Parti Démocratique Gabonais (PDG) party. After working as the Gabonese representative to UNESCO, Ping returned to Gabon in 1984. He became a close associate of dictator Omar Bongo, had two children with Bongo’s daughter Pascaline, and held a series of top ministerial posts from 1990 to 2014. Ping became Gabon’s most prominent diplomat. African Union delegates voted for Ping to become the president of the African Union in 2008. He held this position until 2012. Perhaps his greatest disappointment was the failure of the African Union to successfully mediate between Libyan president Muammar Qaddafi, Libyan rebels, and Western countries who chose military intervention to overthrow Qaddafi. Although Ping had become a member of Omar Bongo’s inner circle, he pulled away from the PDG party after Omar’s son Ali Bongo Ondimba won the 2009 presidential elections. Ping quit the PDG in 2014 and ran for president in the 2016 elections. Many Gabonese and outside observers believed Ping triumphed in this contest. The official results that proclaimed Ali Bongo as the winner stated Bongo had won 95% of the vote in Haut-Ogooué province, where supposedly 99% of all eligible voters actually cast their ballot. Ping rejected the findings and declared he was the true president of Gabon. Ping’s career, starting as a young Gabonese intellectual and becoming a member of the PDG elite and finally the leader of the Gabonese opposition, is a crucial part of the political history of Gabon after the end of French colonization.
Development of Two Biomass Control Strategies for Extended, Stable Operation of Highly Efficient Biofilters with High Toluene Loadings (1996)

For stable long-term continuous operation of highly loaded trickle bed air biofilters, the prevention of plugging due to accumulating biomass is essential for avoiding biofilter failure. Two biomass control strategies were evaluated to maintain high VOC removal efficiencies at high toluene loadings for over 200 days. A sustained toluene removal efficiency of over 99% was achieved. Backwashing with medium fluidization was found to be very effective in preventing accumulation of excess biomass. A specific flow rate of 190 m/h (for a bed expansion of 40%) for 1 h twice per week was found to be adequate. The use of nitrate (NO3-N) instead of ammonia (NH3-N) as the sole source of nutrient-nitrogen (N) was very effective in reducing the observed biomass yield. A pilot-scale evaluation was made of the performance of two similarly operated, backwashed biofilters receiving influent air with 250 ppmv toluene and varying only the VOC loadings and the form of nutrient-N. The biofilter receiving NO3-N performed significantly better overall. A comparative bacterial enumeration of the two biofilter microbial consortia was performed. This enumeration revealed that the populations of toluene degraders in both biofilters were about the same; however, the populations of total heterotrophs were starkly different.
Cation-stabilizing auxiliaries in polyene cyclizations. 5. The fluorine atom as a cation-stabilizing auxiliary in biomimetic polyene cyclizations. 2. Asymmetric synthesis of a steroid (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCation-stabilizing auxiliaries in polyene cyclizations. 5. The fluorine atom as a cation-stabilizing auxiliary in biomimetic polyene cyclizations. 2. Asymmetric synthesis of a steroidWilliam S. Johnson, Vernon R. Fletcher, Balan Chenera, William R. Bartlett, Fook S. Tham, and Rudolph K. KullnigCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 2, 497–504Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00055a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00055a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views644Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Suggested Modification of the P-α Model for Porous Materials (1972)

We suggest that the relationship between the pressure P in a porous material and the average matrix pressure Pm in the material should be P=Pm/α, where α is the ratio of the specific volumes of the porous material and the matrix material.