gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Luminous Supernovae: Threats to Terrestrial Biospheres (2022)

The spectacular outbursts of energy associated with supernovae (SNe) have long motivated research into their potentially hazardous effects on Earth and analogous environments. Much of this research has focused primarily on the atmospheric damage associated with the prompt arrival of ionizing photons within days or months of the initial outburst, and the high-energy cosmic rays that arrive thousands of years after the explosion. In this study, we turn the focus to persistent X-ray emission, arising in certain SNe that have interactions with a dense circumstellar medium, and observed months and/or years after the initial outburst. The sustained high X-ray luminosity leads to large doses of ionizing radiation out to formidable distances. We provide an assessment of the threat posed by these X-ray luminous SNe by analyzing the collective X-ray observations from Chandra, Swift-XRT, XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and others. We find that this threat is particularly acute for SNe showing evidence of strong circumstellar interaction, such as Type IIn explosions, which have significantly larger ranges of influence than previously expected, and lethal consequences up to $\sim$ 50 pc away. Furthermore, X-ray bright SNe could pose a substantial and distinct threat to terrestrial biospheres, and tighten the Galactic habitable zone. We urge follow-up X-ray observations of interacting SNe for months and years after the explosion to shed light on the physical nature of the emission and its full time evolution, and to clarify the danger that these events pose for life in our Galaxy and other star-forming regions.
Fertilität bei Endometriose (2023)

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Das Vorliegen einer Endometriose geht gehäuft mit einem unerfüllten Kinderwunsch einher. Hierbei wird von einem multifaktoriellen Einfluss der endometriosebedingten systemischen Entzündungsreaktion auf verschiedenen Ebenen der Fertilität ausgegangen. Dem entgegenwirkend haben Techniken der assistierten Reproduktion („assisted reproductive techniques“ [ART]) eine entscheidende Bedeutung im Rahmen des Kinderwunschs erlangt. Ziel der Arbeit Dieser Beitrag geht auf die multifaktoriellen Auswirkungen der Endometriose auf die weibliche Fertilität ein. Unter anderem werden Schwangerschaftsoutcomes bei Endometriose, der Erfolg der ART, Operationsindikationen und die Möglichkeit eines „egg freezing“ betrachtet. Material und Methoden PubMed sowie die aktuellen Leitlinien der European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) von 2022 wurden für die Literaturrecherche herangezogen. Es wurden Suchbegriffe zu Fertilität und Endometriose verwendet. Hierbei wurden insbesondere neuere Metaanalysen und Arbeiten aus bekannten Fachzeitschriften mit einem hohen Impact Factor ausgewählt. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Der Zusammenhang zwischen Endometriose und Subfertilität ist bekannt. Eine Anwendung von ART stellt eine sinnvolle und erfolgreiche Therapie der endometriosebedingten Fertilitätseinschränkungen dar. Operationsindikationen im Rahmen des Kinderwunschs bei Endometriose sind vorsichtig abzuwägen, eine Verbesserung der Fertilität ist in Ausnahmen möglich. Liegt bereits in jüngerem Alter eine geringe Eizellreserve vor, sollte eine Kryokonservierung von Eizellen erwogen werden. Eine Endometriosediagnose bedarf in Abhängigkeit von Lokalisation und Ausdehnung der Läsionen einer engmaschigen Überwachung in der Schwangerschaft. Grund hierfür ist unter anderem eine erhöhte Frühabort- und Frühgeburtenrate.
Smart shopper: an agent-based web-mining approach to internet shopping (2003)

This paper presents an agent-based Web-mining approach to Internet shopping. We propose a fuzzy neural network to tackle the uncertainties in practical shopping activities, such as consumer preferences, product specification, product selection, price negotiation, purchase, delivery, after-sales service and evaluation. The fuzzy neural network provides an automatic and autonomous product classification and selection scheme to support fuzzy decision making by integrating fuzzy logic technology and the backpropagation feed forward neural network. In addition, a new visual data model is introduced to overcome the limitations of the current Web browsers that lack flexibility for customers to view products from different perspectives. Such a model also extends the conventional data warehouse schema to deal with intensive data volumes and complex transformations with a high degree of flexibility for multiperspective visualization and morphing capability in an interactive environment. Furthermore, an agent development tool named "Aglet" is used as a programming framework for system implementation. The integration of dynamic object visualization, interactive user interface and data mining decision support provides an effective technique to close the gap between the "real world" and the "cyber world" from a business perspective. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach for Web-based business transactions.
Factors Affecting Survival Among Women with Breast Cancer in Hawaii (2011)

These findings suggest that given access to healthcare, breast cancer patients experience similar survival rates. Although more information about mechanisms of action would be useful, it appears reasonable to recommend weight control to breast cancer survivors.
Exploring speaker-specific characteristics with deep learning (2011)

Speech signals convey different types of information which vary from linguistic to speaker-specific and should be used in different tasks. However, it is hard to extract a special type of information such that nearly all acoustic representations of speech present all kinds of information as a whole. The use of the same representation in different tasks creates a difficulty in achieving good performance in either speech or speaker recognition. In this paper, we present a deep neural architecture to explore speaker-specific characteristics from popular Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients. For learning, we propose an objective function consisting of contrastive cost in terms of speaker similarity and dissimilarity as well as data reconstruction cost used as regularization to normalize non-speaker related information. Learning deep architecture is done by a greedy layerwise local unsupervised training for initialization and a global supervised discriminative training for extracting a speaker-specific representation. By means of two narrow-band benchmark corpora, we demonstrate that our deep architecture generates a robust overcomplete speech representation in characterizing various speakers and the use of this new representation yields a favorite performance in speaker verification.
Characterization and reduction of number dependent sensitivity in multi-pole linear ion trap standards (LITS) (2005)

In this paper we discuss the LITS systematic effects and present the characterization and reduction of these shifts and their dependence on ion number.
Determining the Scope of the Organolanthanoid‐Catalyzed, Sequential Intramolecular Amination/Cyclization Reaction: Formation of Substituted Quinolizidines, Indolizidines, and Pyrrolizidines. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stochastic changes over time and not founder effects drive cage effects in microbial community assembly in a mouse model (2013)

Maternal transmission and cage effects are powerful confounding factors in microbiome studies. To assess the consequences of cage microenvironment on the mouse gut microbiome, two groups of germ-free (GF) wild-type (WT) mice, one gavaged with a microbiota harvested from adult WT mice and another allowed to acquire the microbiome from the cage microenvironment, were monitored using Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing over a period of 8 weeks. Our results revealed that cage effects in WT mice moved from GF to specific pathogen free (SPF) conditions take several weeks to develop and are not eliminated by the initial gavage treatment. Initial gavage influenced, but did not eliminate a successional pattern in which Proteobacteria became less abundant over time. An analysis in which 16S rRNA sequences are mapped to the closest sequenced whole genome suggests that the functional potential of microbial genomes changes significantly over time shifting from an emphasis on pathogenesis and motility early in community assembly to metabolic processes at later time points. Functionally, mice allowed to naturally acquire a microbial community from their cage, but not mice gavaged with a common biome, exhibit a cage effect in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced inflammation. Our results argue that while there are long-term effects of the founding community, these effects are mitigated by cage microenvironment and successional community assembly over time, which must both be explicitly considered in the interpretation of microbiome mouse experiments.
Knee Extensor Mechanics After Subtotal Excision of the Patella (1992)

Two sets of six fresh frozen autopsy specimens were used to test the quadriceps force requirements for knee extension after sequential distal-to-proximal and proximal-to-distal excisions of the patella. The quadriceps force as a function of knee flexion angle was recorded for varying amounts of excision and compared with the results for total patellectomy. Excision of the proximal one half or less resulted in lower force requirements when compared with total patellectomy. The effects of removal of the proximal three-fourths length of patella were inconsistent and actually increased the force requirements in three knees. The effects of distal to proximal excisions indicate a biomechanical advantage to maintaining a fragment equal to at least three fourths the length of the proximal patella. Retaining a fragment of adequate size preserves at least some of the mechanical advantage provided by the intact patella.
Uniformity of Etching in Parallel Plate Plasma Reactors (1989)

A two‐dimensional transport and reaction model of a high pressure (∼1 torr) high frequency (13.56 MHz) single‐wafer parallel plate plasma reactor was developed. The chemical etching uniformity was studied as a function of reactor operating conditions. The ratio of the reactivity of the surrounding electrode surface as compared to that of the wafer surface, , critically affected uniformity. A bullseye clearing pattern was predicted for , and the reverse pattern for , while etching was uniform for . In the case of , and for the parameter range studied, the absolute uniformity was found to improve by surrounding the wafer with a material of similar reactivity, by increasing the flow rate, or by decreasing the reactor pressure or power. However, such actions also served to decrease the etch rate. The oxygen plasma was used as a model experimental system to test the theoretical predictions. An experimental technique based on spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy in concert with actinometry and the Abel transform was developed to obtain a three‐dimensional mapping of the reactant (O atom) concentration profile in the plasma reactor. When a reactive film was covering part of the substrate electrode, a profound decrease in the reactant concentration was observed over the film. At the same time, large concentration gradients developed, especially at the boundary of the reactive film with the surrounding electrode. Good quantitative agreement was found between the model predictions and the experimental reactant concentration data for the range of pressure, power, flow rate, and reactive film radius examined.
CT-guided Transthoracic Percutaneous Ethanol Injection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Not Detectable with US (2002)

Transthoracic PEI seems to be relatively safe and effective for the treatment of HCC not detectable with US.
Potential Step Coverage for Supercritical Fluid Deposition of TiO2 by Numerical Simulation and Microcavity Analysis (2013)

The potential step coverage for supercritical fluid deposition of TiO2 (TiO2–SCFD) was evaluated using numerical simulation based on kinetic parameters. A required parameter, the ratio of the surface reaction rate constant to the diffusivity, , was retrieved experimentally. The simulations revealed that a step coverage of 0.97 was possible on deep trenches (6.75-μm depth, 125-nm width) without compromising the growth rate. Conformal deposition by TiO2−SCFD is possible on narrow trenches having the same aspect ratio. The simulations were validated experimentally. Our methodology for evaluating the potential step coverage is also equally applicable to SCFD of other metal oxides.
Linkage analysis in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1989)

Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) constitutes 5 to 10% of cases of ALS and, in most families, its inheritance is consistent with an autosomal dominant trait with age-dependent penetrance. The biochemical abnormality underlying the disorder is unknown. We analyzed DNA from 131 members of 6 multigenerational ALS families, which included 13 affected members, for genetic linkage to 39 expressed and DNA markers, using the techniques of 2-point linkage analysis, multilocus linkage analysis, and exclusion mapping. We identified FALS families with structures suitable for linkage, by computer simulation techniques. A DNA bank established to provide optimum use of available FALS families provided DNA from immortalized lymphoblast cell lines and frozen postmortem tissue. We could not link FALS to any of the markers studied, but excluded chromosome regions unlikely to be a locus of the FALS gene. With the help of this exclusion data, we will concentrate on regions of the human genome that remain unexcluded.
Phylogeography and transmission of M. tuberculosis spanning prisons and surrounding communities in Paraguay (2022)

Abstract Recent rises in incident tuberculosis (TB) cases in Paraguay and the increasing concentration of TB within prisons highlight the urgency of targeting strategies to interrupt transmission and prevent new infections. However, whether specific cities or carceral institutions play a disproportionate role in transmission remains unknown. We conducted prospective genomic surveillance, sequencing 471 M. tuberculosis genomes, from inside and outside prisons in Paraguay’s two largest urban areas, Asunción and Ciudad del Este, from 2016 to 2021. We found genomic evidence of frequent recent transmission within prisons and transmission linkages spanning prisons and surrounding populations. We identified a signal of frequent M. tuberculosis spread between urban areas and marked recent population size expansion of the three largest genomic transmission clusters. Together, our findings highlight the urgency of strengthening TB control programs to reduce transmission risk within prisons, where, in Paraguay, incidence was 70 times that outside prisons in 2021. Financing agencies National Institutes of Health grants R01 AI130058 (JRA) and R01 AI149620 (JRA and JC). Paraguay National Commission of Science and Technology grant CONACYT PIN 15-705 (GES and GS).
Enantioselective synthesis of the bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane ring system of the pinguisane-type sesquiterpenoids via a Br plain text. If you have a subtitle, it should be preceded with a colon [:]. Use capitals only for the first word and for proper nouns. (2006)

The bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane ring system of the pinguisane-type sesquiterpenoid natural products, including the vicinal quaternary stereocentres, has been synthesised as a single enantiomer via a novel Bronsted acid promoted transannular alkylation of an enol with an unactivated alkene.
Atypical Disseminated Variant of Galli–Galli Disease: A Review of the Literature (2019)

Galli-Galli disease (GGD) is a rare genodermatoses within the group of reticulated pigmentary disorders of the skin. Traditionally, its clinical presentation is identical to that of Dowling-Degos disease (DDD), with the additional feature of acantholysis on histopathological examination. We have reviewed the published cases of GGD to provide further support for the hypothesis that in fact, 2 phenotypes of GGD exist: the characteristic flexural GGD associated with KRT5 mutations and a disseminated variant with no mutation identified to date. A review of the literature revealed 53 reported cases of GGD. Fifteen atypical phenotype cases are described, and no KRT5 mutation has yet been identified. There is growing evidence that acantholysis is an underreported feature of DDD and that GGD and DDD are variations of the same disease, or in fact the same entity. This theory is supported by the identification of the c.418dupA missense mutation in both GGD and DDD. This review highlights that there is growing evidence that there are likely 2 clinical phenotypes of GGD with an associated genotypic correlation.
Simulation Tool for the Prediction of Heavy Ion Cross Section of Innovative 130-nm SRAMs (2008)

The prediction of heavy ions cross sections of an innovative SRAM is carried out in a 130-nm CMOS technology. The work is realized with a simulation tool generally used to predict standard SRAM sensitivity. This simulation tool needs input parameters to describe both standard and innovative SRAM. From the standard to the innovative structure, input parameters are simply evaluated using SPICE simulations. Experimental and simulated cross sections are then shown to be in good agreement.
Investigation of Water Structure at the TiO2/Aqueous Interface (2004)

TiO2 thin films coated on SiO2 substrates were prepared for the investigation of water structure at the TiO2/aqueous interface by vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy (VSFS). The films were first characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and atomic force microscopy. Film thickness could be readily varied between 0.9 and 5.9 nm with the thinnest film displaying the least degree of surface roughness. The 0.9 nm films were employed in the VSFS investigations and showed characteristic 3200 and 3400 cm-1 OH stretch frequencies of highly aligned interfacial water. Such peaks were reminiscent of those known from SiO2/aqueous interfaces; however, the chemistry at TiO2/aqueous interfaces was significantly richer. In the presence of Cl anions, the surface had an isoelectric point near pH 5.5 and showed the least degree of water organization near this pH. Almost equally strong 3200 cm-1 features could be produced at pH 2.0 and 12.0. On the other hand, the spectra were dramatically altered in the presence of phosphate-buffered saline. The phosphate ions specifically bound to the substrate surface and shifted the isoelectric point of the interface to pH 2.0. In this case, the intensity of the 3400 cm-1 peak was significantly increased in comparison with the Cl ion data at both neutral and acidic pH values. This is presumably because of a lack of sites directly adjacent to the oxide for forming tetrahedrally coordinated water when phosphate ions are present.
IgG, IgA, IgM antibodies to a viral citrullinated peptide in patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis, chronic arthritides and connective tissue disorders (2007)

These data show that anti-VCP of IgG and IgA isotype discriminate RA from other chronic arthritides and disease controls and suggest an independent production of each isotype.
Development of a stable oral liquid dosage form of spironolactone (1992)

A clear, stable, oral liquid dosage form of spironolactone has been developed. Solubility profiles of spironolactone were obtained in several co-solvent blends. Using this data, a co-solvent blend containing polyethylene glycol 400 (30% v/v), propylene glycol (10% v/v), glycerin (10% v/v) and ethyl alcohol (10% v/v) was used to solubilize spironolactone at a concentration of 2 mg/ml. The final formulation contained sweetening agents (sucrose, saccharin sodium), flavours (cherry, sweet), a desensitizing agent (menthol), a dye (FD&C Red #40) and a preservative (benzoic acid) to incorporate the desired organoleptic and preservative properties. A phosphate buffer was used to maintain a pH value of 4.5 (pH of maximum stability as reported earlier) to minimize hydrolysis. The final dosage form was stable for at least 93 days at 40 degrees C (loss of potency less than 4%). According to FDA guidelines, a tentative expiration date of 2 years at 25 degrees C is justifiable.
Host Choice and West Nile Virus Infection Rates in Blood-Fed Mosquitoes, Including Members of the Culex pipiens Complex, from Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 2002–2003 (2007)

The source of bloodmeals in 2,082 blood-fed mosquitoes collected from February 2002 through December 2003 in Memphis and surrounding areas of Shelby County, Tennessee were determined. Members of the genus Culex and Anopheles quadrimaculatus predominated in the collections. Members of the Cx. pipiens complex and Cx. restuans were found to feed predominately upon avian hosts, though mammalian hosts made up a substantial proportion of the bloodmeals in these species. No significant difference was seen in the host class of bloodmeals in mosquitoes identified as Cx. pipiens pipiens, Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, or hybrids between these two taxa. Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Cx. erraticus fed primarily upon mammalian hosts. Three avian species (the American Robin, the Common Grackle, and the Northern Cardinal) made up the majority of avian-derived bloodmeals, with the American Robin representing the most frequently fed upon avian host. An analysis of these host feeding data using a modification of a transmission model for Eastern Equine encephalitis virus suggested that the American Robin and Common Grackle represented the most important reservoir hosts for West Nile virus. A temporal analysis of the feeding patterns of the dominant Culex species did not support a shift in feeding behavior away from robins to mammals late in the summer. However, a significant degree of temporal variation was noted in the proportion of robin-derived bloodmeals when the data were analyzed by semi-monthly periods throughout the summers of 2002 and 2003. This pattern was consistent with the hypothesis that the mosquitoes were preferentially feeding upon nesting birds.
ARM: Ka-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (KASACR); Range Height Indicator Scan (2018)

Ka-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (KASACR); Range Height Indicator Scan
Issues in sequential analysis (1997)

In classical parametric statistics, we assume that our observations are independent, and this assumption forms part of the basis of our distribution statistics. In the sequential analysis of observational data, on the other hand, we want to detect dependence in the observations. To do this we compare observed frequencies with those we would expect if the observations were independent. Thus, dependence in the data is not a “problem.” It is what we are trying to study.
High-Speed FPGA 10's Complement Adders-Subtractors (2010)

This paper first presents a study on the classical BCD adders from which a carry-chain type adder is redesigned to fit within the Xilinx FPGA's platforms. Some new concepts are presented to compute the P and G functions for carry-chain optimization purposes. Several alternative designs are presented. Then, attention is given to FPGA implementations of add/subtract algorithms for 10's complement BCD numbers. Carry-chain type circuits have been designed on 4-input LUTs (Virtex-4, Spartan-3) and 6-input LUTs (Virtex-5) Xilinx FPGA platforms. All designs are presented with the corresponding time performance and area consumption figures. Results have been compared to straight implementations of a decimal ripple-carry adder and an FPGA 2's complement binary adder-subtractor using the dedicated carry logic, both carried out on the same platform. Better time delays have been registered for decimal numbers within the same range of operands.