gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Donation but not Abstraction by a Tyrosine (Y68) during Endoperoxide Installation by Verruculogen Synthase (FtmOx1) (2019)

Hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) from a substrate carbon to an iron(IV)-oxo (ferryl) intermediate initiates a diverse array of enzymatic transformations. For outcomes other than hydroxylation, coupling of the resultant carbon radical and hydroxo ligand (oxygen rebound) must generally be averted. A recent study of FtmOx1, a fungal iron(II)- and 2-(oxo)glutarate-dependent oxygenase that installs the endoperoxide of verruculogen by adding O_2 between carbons 21 and 27 of fumitremorgin B, posited that tyrosine (Tyr or Y) 224 serves as HAT intermediary to separate the C21 radical (C21•) and Fe(III)–OH HAT products and prevent rebound. Our reinvestigation of the FtmOx1 mechanism revealed, instead, direct HAT from C21 to the ferryl complex and surprisingly competitive rebound. The C21-hydroxylated (rebound) product, which undergoes deprenylation, predominates when low [O₂] slows C21•–O₂ coupling in the next step of the endoperoxidation pathway. This pathway culminates with addition of the C21–O–O• peroxyl adduct to olefinic C27 followed by HAT to the C26• from a Tyr. The last step results in sequential accumulation of Tyr radicals, which are suppressed without detriment to turnover by inclusion of the reductant, ascorbate. Replacement of each of four candidates for the proximal C26 H• donor (including Y224) with phenylalanine (F) revealed that only the Y68F variant (i) fails to accumulate the first Tyr• and (ii) makes an altered major product, identifying Y68 as the donor. The implied proximities of C21 to the iron cofactor and C26 to Y68 support a new docking model of the enzyme–substrate complex that is consistent with all available data.
FPGA-Based Reconfigurable Data Acquisition System for Industrial Sensors (2016)

A sensor data acquisition system is an essential part of an industrial automation control system. However, the variety of sensor producer causes the difficulty of protocol's unity. The mechanism which requires the acquisition boards to be powered off when the number or types or manufacturer of sensors is changed is unreasonable. Meanwhile, traditional sensor reading cycle depends more on the embedded program skills. In this paper, to solve these problems, a new method is proposed to design a reconfigurable data acquisition system for industrial sensors, in which field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is adopted as the core controller. We use both dynamic system reconfiguration and static system reconfiguration in our design. Performance of the proposed system is verified in practical application of an automated production system of poly carboxylic acid water reducing agent.
Announcing the Recipients of the 2012 ACS Nano Lectureship Awards (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTAnnouncing the Recipients of the 2012 ACS Nano Lectureship AwardsJillian M. Buriak, Stefan A. Maier, Wolfgang J. Parak, Andrew T. S. Wee, and Paul S. WeissCite this: ACS Nano 2012, 6, 2, 987–989Publication Date (Web):February 28, 2012Publication History Published online28 February 2012Published inissue 28 February 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nn300584thttps://doi.org/10.1021/nn300584teditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1416Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Gold,Materials science,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
Waste Heat Recovery Applied to a Tractor Engine (2015)

Due to the environmental impact of pollution, the depletion and increasing price of fossil fuel resources, current research focuses on reducing vehicle fuel consumption. The modern agricultural sector is highly dependent on petrol, as no exploitation can work without tractors or agricultural machinery. One solution to reduce the dependence on petrol is to install waste heat recovery systems on engine exhaust gases. Tractors are good candidates for waste heat recovery since they are used at high load over long periods, which are ideal operating conditions for waste heat recovery systems. Several technologies can be used to achieve this aim, such as an external heat engine, thermoelectricity or thermoacoustics. The present study considers the external heat engine, in particular the Rankine-Hirn cycle which is a phase change fluid engine. This well-proven technology is the one most widely used in industry to recover lost heat. Different heat loss recovery techniques are presented in this paper, in which we detail our model of the Rankine-Hirn engine used to dimension our future test bench. We focus on the selection of fluid, pressure and temperature as a function of the hot source temperature. Lastly, we present an initial evaluation of the increase in efficiency depending on the variation in the heat source.
Use of High-Speed Microjets for Active Separation Control in Diffusers (2006)

Inlets to aircraft propulsion systems must supply flow to the compressor with minimal pressure loss, flow distortion, or unsteadiness. Flow separation in internal flows such as inlets and ducts in aircraft propulsion systems and external flows such as over aircraft wings is undesirable because it reduces the overall system performance. An experimental investigation is described that was carried out to study the feasibility of using high-speed microjets, supersonic for most cases, to control boundary-layer separation in an adverse pressure gradient. The geometry used is a simple diverging Stratford ramp equipped with arrays of 400-μm-diam microjets. Measurements include detailed surface flow visualizations, mean surface pressure distributions, and velocity field measurements using particle image velocimetry. The results clearly indicate that by activating these microjets the separated flow regions were eliminated. This led to a significant increase in the momentum of the flow near the surface where the gain in momentum was at least an order of magnitude higher than the momentum injected by the microjets. Given the simplicity of the system and its low mass flow requirements, combined with the benefits achieved by this approach, microjets appear to be promising actuators for efficient separation control for internal and external flow applications.
Calibration of a head-mounted projective display for augmented reality systems (2002)

In augmented reality (AR) application, registering a virtual object with its real counterpart accurately and comfortably is one of the basic and challenging issues in the sense that the size, depth, geometry, as well as physical attributes of the virtual objects have to be rendered precisely relative to a physical reference, which is well-known as the calibration or registration problem. This paper presents a systematic calibration process to address static registration issue in a custom-designed augmented reality system, which is based upon the recent advancement of head-mounted projective display (HMPD) technology. Following a concise review of the HMPD concept and system configuration, we present in detail a computational model for the system calibration, describe the calibration procedures to obtain the estimations of the unknown transformations, and include the calibration results, evaluation experiments and results.
Evoked Potentials: Three-Dimensional Display (1967)

Procedures are described for displaying large numbers of evoked potentials. A photographic superposition of average evoked responses, with the concurrent modulation of the brightness of each trace, yields a display having the appearance of a three-dimensional surface formed from hundreds of average responses.
Use of Transgene-Induced RNAi to Regulate Endogenous Gene Expression (2009)

RNAi can be an effective means to regulate endogenous gene expression in maize and as such represents an important reverse genetics tool. This approach involves designing a transgenic construct that creates a double stranded RNA (dsRNA) upon transcription, and introducing the transgene into maize plants. Transgenic lines bearing such a construct can be generated and characterized that are deficient in the gene of interest. Some variability has been observed in the efficiency of this technique, and there are several important aspects to consider. Herein, a basic protocol for using transgene-induced RNAi in maize is described, and some important considerations that can influence the success of this approach are discussed.
Multiple G1 Regulatory Elements Control the Androgen-dependent Proliferation of Prostatic Carcinoma Cells (1998)

Prostatic epithelial cells and most primary prostate tumors are dependent on androgen for growth, but how androgen regulates cellular proliferation remains unsolved. Using poorly understood mechanisms, recurrent tumor cells evade the androgen requirement. We utilized androgen-dependent prostatic tumor cells to demonstrate that androgen exerts its effect on the cell cycle by influencing specific aspects of G1-S progression. Androgen depletion of these cells results in early G1 arrest, characterized by reduced cyclin-dependent kinase activity, and underphosphorylated retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB). The reduction in kinase activity was partially attributed to reduction of specific G1 cyclins and alternate regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Using this information, we developed a reliable assay to assess the ability of specific G1 regulatory proteins to circumvent these controls and promote androgen-independent growth. As expected, inactivation of RB was required for progression through the cell cycle. Surprisingly, overexpression of G1 cyclins, which drives RB phosphorylation, was insufficient to promote androgen-independent cell cycle progression. Introduction of viral oncoproteins did promote G1-S progression in the absence of androgen, dependent on their ability to sequester RB and related proteins. These results provide the first evidence that multiple elements governing the G1-S transition dictate androgen-dependent growth, and the formation of androgen-independent prostatic tumors may be because of misregulation of these processes.
Profile guided code positioning (1990)

This paper presents the results of our investigation of code positioning techniques using execution profile data as input into the compilation process. The primary objective of the positioning is to reduce the overhead of the instruction memory hierarchy. After initial investigation in the literature, we decided to implement two prototypes for the Hewlett-Packard Precision Architecture (PA-RISC). The first, built on top of the linker, positions code based on whole procedures. This prototype has the ability to move procedures into an order that is determined by a “closest is best” strategy. The second prototype, built on top of an existing optimizer package, positions code based on basic blocks within procedures. Groups of basic blocks that would be better as straight-line sequences are identified as chains . These chains are then ordered according to branch heuristics. Code that is never executed during the data collection runs can be physically separated from the primary code of a procedure by a technique we devised called procedure splitting . The algorithms we implemented are described through examples in this paper. The performance improvements from our work are also summarized in various tables and charts.
Shape Dependence on the Electrochemistry of Uncoated Magnetite Motifs (2022)

Using a variety of synthetic protocols including hydrothermal and microwave-assisted methods, the morphology of as-prepared magnetite has been reliably altered as a means of probing the effect of facet variations upon the resulting electrochemical processes measured. In particular, motifs of magnetite, measuring ∼100 to 200 nm in diameter, were variously prepared in the form of cubes, spheres, octahedra, and plates, thereby affording the opportunity to preferentially expose either (111), (220), or (100) planes, depending on the geometry in question. We deliberately prepared these samples, characterized using XRD and SEM, in the absence of a carbonaceous surfactant to enhance their intrinsic electrochemical function. Herein, we present a direct electrochemical comparison of specifically modified shape morphologies possessing 3 different facets and their impact as electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. Our overall data suggest that the shapes exhibiting the largest deliverable capacities at various current densities incorporated the highest surface energy facets, such as exposed (220) planes in this study. The faceted nature of different morphologies highlighted a trend in electrochemistry of (220) &gt; (111) &gt; (100); moreover, the degree of aggregation and polydispersity in prepared samples were found to play key roles as well.
Discovery of AZD1152: A Selective Inhibitor of Aurora‐B Kinase with Potent Antitumor Activity (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Anilinoquinazolines and Corresponding Pyrimidine and Pyridine Analogs Crystallographic Studies Quinazolines Substituted with Aminothiazoles or Aminothiophenes The Screening Cascade Updated Quinazolines Substituted with Aminopyrazoles AZD1152 Summary Acknowledgment References
The Preorganization of Atropisomers to Increase Target Selectivity (2016)

Atropisomerism is a form of chirality that arises from differential substitution around a bond that renders the rotational isomers enantiomers. Depending on the degree of hindrance to bond rotation, atropisomers can exist as either stable isolable enantiomers or rapidly racemizing atropisomeric mixtures. Many biologically active small molecules exist as rapidly interconverting atropisomers, however, only one of the possible atropisomers possesses the desired activity. The presence of the nonrelevant atropisomer via spontaneous racemization can result in off-target activities that can lead to side effects. We have hypothesized that preorganizing (locking) a freely interconverting atropisomeric axis in a promiscuous scaffold into the target relevant atropisomer can serve as a general strategy towards more selective small molecule inhibitors. This article outlines recent literature on atropisomerism in drug discovery as well as our recent efforts towards increasing the target selectivity of small molecule kinase inhibitors through ‘atropisomer preorganization’.
The new genetics: Genetic testing and public policy (1998)

This is the last of four articles discussing the broader implications of advances in genetics

The increasing rate of discovery of genes related to disease and the development of tests for them has fostered the idea that healthy people will be able to prevent future disease by undergoing genetic testing. The genetics of many diseases are such that tests have only a limited ability to predict the clinical outcome accurately. Nevertheless, the benefits of some predictive genetic tests can be substantial, such as screening newborns for phenylketonuria and sickle cell anemia and testing of older children at risk of familial medullary thyroid carcinoma and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a.1 The fact remains that relatively few interventions have yet been devised to improve the outcome of most mendelian disorders.2 When no treatments are available, genetic testing can be used to avoid the conception or birth of affected offspring. Carrier screening in Sardinia, Cyprus, and elsewhere in the Mediterranean has led to an appreciable reduction in the birth of infants with thalassaemia through the use of prenatal diagnosis in couples at high risk and their selective termination of affected fetuses.3

Genetic testing (box), including prenatal testing, also carries the risks of inducing psychological sequelae4 and of making individuals vulnerable to discrimination and diminishing their privacy. Additional benefits of testing in refining clinical diagnosis and tailoring treatent may be in the offing,5 but these remain to be shown.

Both the American and British governments have recognised at least some of these problems, but solutions have been slow in coming. The United States started earlier to create a structure to consider the problems, but at present no federal committee is dedicated to addressing issues of genetic testing (box). In its final report, the Task Force on Genetic Testing reviewed …
Efficient strip to slot waveguide mode converter using fast quasi-adiabatic approach (2020)

Abstract We present an ultra-compact strip to slot waveguide mode converter to facilitate excellent fundamental mode coupling between the strip and slot waveguide over a broad wavelength range. The design utilizes tapered waveguide geometries for adiabatic mode conversion. The taper profiles are optimized using a fast quasi-adiabatic approach to achieve the adiabatic mode conversion within the smallest possible length. We numerically demonstrate a conversion efficiency of 99.4% at a wavelength 1.55 μ m with a variation of &lt;1.5% over a bandwidth of 100 nm and &lt;5% over a bandwidth of 200 nm. In addition, the design is ultra-compact with a footprint of only 1.23 × 3.7 μ m 2 and offers a high tolerance to the possible fabrication inaccuracies.
Optimal Dipole-Coil Ampere-Turns Design for Maximum Power Efficiency of IPT (2019)

An optimal ampere-turns design for a long-distance dipole-coil-based inductive power transfer (IPT) system for maximum power efficiency is proposed in this article. Assuming that specific requirements, which are the target load power, the physical size of the transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) coils, and the distance between the Tx and Rx coils, are given, quantitative analyses on the optimal ampere-turns of loosely coupled Tx and Rx coils to satisfy the constraints with maximum power efficiency have been conducted in this article. With the proposed design process, the IPT system is expected to be designed and fabricated with minimal cost and time. The maximum experimental error is only 8.8% when the delivery power ranges from 20-200 W in the experiment results, thus demonstrating that the method proposed in this article can suggest a viable design direction of the IPT system.
Study on Certain Blood and Serum Parameters of Camel Camelus dromedarius Maintained on Different Diets (2016)

Animals including camel (Camelus dromedaries), have been domesticated by man since ancient times especially in Rajasthan. Due to harsh climatic conditions there is often scarcity of grazing pastures in this area and therefore during summers camels are fed roughages and concentrates, as there remains no option to the local farmers. As a result, the proportion of the concentrate and roughage in the complete ration is expected to change the microbial population in the rumen, which in turn is expected to affect their capacity to colonize feed particles and may influence the nutrient utilization from the feed. Cluster bean (guar) belonging to family Leguminosae is one of the most suitable feed in arid areas. Besides, camels are also fed some millet flour or barley flour and gur (molasses) 1g/kg body weight. If this molasses is given in excess amount, it causes gastro-intestinal disorders. Due to introduction of new feed resources, this study was an attempt to investigate certain blood and serum parameters of camels maintained on different diets. An experimental trial was conducted in three groups of camels aged 3-4 years, each group comprising of 4 camels. Three experimental groups were framed Group 1 camels were fed guar phalgati (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba) and ground nut (Arachis hypogaea) chara in 1:1 ratio. Group 2 camels were provided ground nut chara alone while, to Group 3 camels jaggery 50% w/v was administrated orally at the dose 15 g/kg body weight apart from feeding of ground nut chara. The blood samples were collected for hematological, serum biochemical and enzymatic variations. Based on biochemical and enzymatic profile comparison, in the Group 3 camels a significant change in the digestive pattern leading towards acid indigestion was noted. There was an insignificant variation among the enzymatic and biochemical profile of Group 1 and Group 2. From the above blood and serum biochemical and enzymatic changes noticed in different groups fed with different diets, it can be envisaged that there exists a significant role of plan of nutrition on digestive pattern.
Dynamic Sampling, Resolution Enhancement, and Super Resolution (2009)

6.1 INTRODUCTION As developed in Chapter 3, FPA camera design trades blur with aliasing, both of which degrade the imager performance. Such analysis assumes a fixed spatial sampling rate at the camera focal plane, determined by the detector pitch of the FPA. If an FPA camera system can dynamically sample the optical image, then the FPA sampling rate no longer limits the resolution of the digitally sampled imagery. There is considerable historical experience with dynamically sampled camera systems, particularly with first generation FLIRs. Simply scanning a 1-D column of detectors, or even a single detector element, can generate 2-D imagery with obviously higher spatial resolution than that of the single column or element. Such processing critically hinges on accurate knowledge of the scanning motion, which is often a precisely controlled function of the servo voltage that drives a scanning mirror assembly. Fusing such position information with detector intensity information generates the higher resolution imagery. Two-dimensional micro-dither scanning can likewise increase the spatial resolution of an FPA camera. However such 2-D micro-dither scanning involves mechanical complexities beyond first generation scanning FLIRs. Such processing requires longer framing times, introduces jitter distortions, and increases the sensor weight and complexity: Precisely the problems that motivated the engineering of FPA cameras in lieu of scanning sensors! As an alternative to controlled micro-dither scanning, the optical flow of an image sequence can be computed to tag a spatial coordinate with every pixel of the video sequence. Intensity and coordinate information can then be combined to create an image with higher sampling density than that of the FPA.