gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Novel N9-Substituted Purine Derivatives from Polymer Supported α-Amino Acids (2015)

Solid-phase synthesis of purine derivatives bearing an α-amino acid motif in position 9 is described herein. Polymer supported amines were acylated with various Fmoc-α-amino acids and, after cleavage of the protecting group, arylation with 4,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine or 2,4-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine was performed. The second chlorine atom was replaced with various amines. Subsequent reduction of the nitro group, followed by reaction with aldehydes, afforded the purine scaffold. After cleavage from the polymer support, the target compounds were obtained in very good crude purity, good overall yields, and excellent enantiomeric purity. The anticancer activity of prepared compounds was tested in vitro against human cancer cell lines MCF7 and K562, and they were found to have mild, but clear dose-dependent effects.
Competitive Exclusion of Intestinal Colonization of Escherichia coli in Chicks (1981)

Olga M. Weinack, G. H. Snoeyenbos, C. F. Smyser, A. S. Soerjadi, Competitive Exclusion of Intestinal Colonization of Escherichia coli in Chicks, Avian Diseases, Vol. 25, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1981), pp. 696-705
Machine Learning: New Ideas and Tools in Environmental Science and Engineering (2021)

The rapid increase in both the quantity and complexity of data that are being generated daily in the field of environmental science and engineering (ESE) demands accompanied advancement in data analytics. Advanced data analysis approaches, such as machine learning (ML), have become indispensable tools for revealing hidden patterns or deducing correlations for which conventional analytical methods face limitations or challenges. However, ML concepts and practices have not been widely utilized by researchers in ESE. This feature explores the potential of ML to revolutionize data analysis and modeling in the ESE field, and covers the essential knowledge needed for such applications. First, we use five examples to illustrate how ML addresses complex ESE problems. We then summarize four major types of applications of ML in ESE: making predictions; extracting feature importance; detecting anomalies; and discovering new materials or chemicals. Next, we introduce the essential knowledge required and current shortcomings in ML applications in ESE, with a focus on three important but often overlooked components when applying ML: correct model development, proper model interpretation, and sound applicability analysis. Finally, we discuss challenges and future opportunities in the application of ML tools in ESE to highlight the potential of ML in this field.
Understanding AMD by analogy: systematic review of lipid-related common pathogenic mechanisms in AMD, AD, AS and GN (2018)

The four diseases share many steps of an overall framework of pathogenesis. Various oxidative sources cause oxidative stress. Oxidized lipids and related molecules accumulate and lead to complement activation, macrophage recruitment and pathology. Investigations that arise under this structure may aid us to better understand AMD pathology.
Use of Deep Learning to Predict Final Ischemic Stroke Lesions From Initial Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2020)

The deep learning model appears to have successfully predicted infarct lesions from baseline imaging without reperfusion information and achieved comparable performance to existing clinical methods. Predicting the subacute infarct lesion may help clinicians prepare for decompression treatment and aid in patient selection for neuroprotective clinical trials.
Embedded security for Internet of Things (2011)

Internet of Things (IoT) consists of several tiny devices connected together to form a collaborative computing environment. IoT imposes peculiar constraints in terms of connectivity, computational power and energy budget, which make it significantly different from those contemplated by the canonical doctrine of security in distributed systems. In order to circumvent the problem of security in IoT domain, networks and devices need to be secured. In this paper, we consider the embedded device security only, assuming that network security is properly in place. It can be noticed that the existence of tiny computing devices that form ubiquity in IoT domain are very much vulnerable to different security attacks. In this work, we provide the requirements of embedded security, the solutions to resists different attacks and the technology for resisting temper proofing of the embedded devices by the concept of trusted computing. Our paper attempts to address the issue of security for data at rest. Addressing this issue is equivalent to addressing the security issue of the hardware platform. Our work also partially helps in addressing securing data in transit.
Gelatin microcapsules for enhanced microwave tumor hyperthermia (2015)

Local and rapid heating by microwave (MW) irradiation is important in the clinical treatment of tumors using hyperthermia. We report here a new thermo-seed technique for the highly efficient MW irradiation ablation of tumors in vivo based on gelatin microcapsules. We achieved 100% tumor elimination in a mouse model at an ultralow power of 1.8 W without any side-effects. The results of MTT assays, a hemolysis test and the histological staining of organs indicated that the gelatin microcapsules showed excellent compatibility with the physiological environment. A possible mechanism is proposed for MW hyperthermia using gelatin microcapsules. We also used gelatin microcapsules capped with CdTe quantum dots for in vivo optical imaging. Our study suggests that these microcapsules may have potential applications in imaging-guided cancer treatment.
Desulfoviridin, a multimeric‐dissimilatory sulfite reductase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough) Purification, characterization, kinetics and EPR studies (1994)

Conditions for the rigorous purification of desulfoviridin, the dissimilatory sulfite reductase from the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough) have been established. A final purification by fast protein liquid chromatography yields at least three distinct bands that each exhibit the characteristic absorption spectrum of desulfoviridin. Two of these have been extensively characterized by amino acid analysis, isoelectric focusing, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and formulation of the prosthetic centers. Each contains two pairs of [Fe4S4] and siroheme units. These results stand in marked contrast to recent work claiming significant demetallation of siroheme, excess iron content, and the presence of Fe6S6 clusters. These proposals are critically assessed in light of our results and other published work. Steady-state kinetic parameters have been determined: kcat(SO3(2-) = 0.31 mol SO3(2-).s-1.mol heme-1, Km = 0.06 mM; kcat(NO2-) = 0.038 mol NO2-.s-1.mol heme-1, Km = 0.028 mM; kcat(NH2OH) = 29 mol NH2OH.s-1.mol heme-1, Km = 48 mM. A detailed comparison is made with the Escherichia coli and spinach assimilatory sulfite reductase enzymes and spinach nitrite reductase. Highly purified samples of dissimilatory sulfite reductase display an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum characteristic of rhombic high spin ferric heme centers, while the fully reduced enzyme shows EPR features typical of [Fe4S4] clusters. The magnetic properties of the prosthetic centers are further characterized by variable temperature experiments and spin quantitation.
Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding (2015)

Explaining the practical implications of new discoveries in 'life-course biology', Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding is an informed resource on factors that affect offspring development. The impact of parental lifestyle and behavioural choices influence not only foetal development and birth outcomes, but also postnatal development, yet guidance on appropriate diet, behaviour, and exposures during pregnancy is often confusing and contradictory. With accessible explanations of the latest scientific research, and clear summaries and recommendations, this online resource is a valuable and authoritative guide for all levels of health care providers. It provides an overview of the background evidence, highlighting the importance of lifestyle choices prior to and during pregnancy, and it includes in-depth discussions of nutritional and lifestyle factors that impact on pregnancy and offspring that are based on the latest research and exploration of key scientific studies.
Major Metabolites of Zolpidem: Expeditious Synthesis and Mass Spectra (2006)

An expeditious route to the two major metabolites of Zolpidem-and readily applicable to the synthesis of the drug-was established via a cyclization reaction between a 2-aminopyridine and a suitable alpha-bromoacetophenone. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed from a 2D (1)H-(15)N NMR correlation. Their mass spectra contribute to a reliable toxicological identification of the drug in the case of drug-facilitated crimes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Stereoconvergent Formylation of (E/Z)‐β‐Bromo‐β‐fluorostyrene: Straightforward Access to (Z)‐α‐Fluorocinnamic Aldehydes and (Z)‐β‐Fluorocinnamic Alcohols. (2011)

Abstract The method can be applied successfully to prepare (Z)‐β‐fluoroconiferin (IX), a strong inhibitor of lignin polymerization.
Abstract TMP6: Optimal Early Clinical Endpoints for Long-Term Functional Outcome Prediction After Thrombectomy (2020)

Background: Early neurological recovery (ENR) is an attractive surrogate marker for long-term functional outcome of endovascularly-treated stroke patients. However, the optimal definition of 24-hour ENR that best predicts 90-day functional independence (modified Rankin Scale, mRS, 0-2) has not been established. We sought to determine ENR measure that best predicts 90-day mRS 0-2. Methods: The prospective BEST cohort study includes consecutive adult patients treated with endovascular therapy at 12 comprehensive stroke centers. In this post-hoc analysis, we measured the ability of various thresholds of both 24-hour NIHSS and αNIHSS (baseline minus 24-hour) to predict 90-day mRS 0-2 using Youden’s index. The strength of the associations were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for age, glucose, hypertension, ASPECT score, time to recanalization, recanalization status, and thrombolytic treatment. Results: Of 485 patients in the BEST cohort, 447 with 90-day follow-up were included in this study (228 females, mean age 68.05 ±15 years). The optimal Youden’s Index was achieved at 24 hour NIHSS of ≤7 (sensitivity 80.1%, specificity 80.4%, area under the curve [AUC] 0.855 [0.819-0.887], p&lt;0.001; Figure). The optimal for αNIHSS cut point was ≥4 points (sensitivity 79%, specificity 58.5%, AUC 0.73 [0.685-0.77], p&lt;0.001; Figure), which performed less well at outcome prediction than 24 hour NIHSS (difference between the AUCs 0.126, p&lt;0.001; Figure). Strength of association between other common early clinical endpoints and outcome in this cohort are listed in the Table. Conclusions: A 24-hour NIHSS ≤7 was the optimal measure to predict functional independence at 90 days in our multicenter, prospective cohort. Among αNIHSS thresholds, ≥4 points was optimal but performed less well. These findings should be validated in independent endovascular cohorts to establish a standard short-term outcome measure for both clinical and research scenarios.
Oral naltrexone to enhance analgesia in patients receiving continuous intrathecal morphine for chronic pain: A randomized, double-blind, prospective pilot study (2007)

1) Patients with chronic pain who received oral naltrexone 100 microg BID in addition to their chronic intrathecal morphine infusions demonstrated the greatest improvement (p = 0.07) in their daily pain scores. Because of the small sample size, the results did not reach traditional levels of significance. 2) Side effects were common, minor, and similar across treatment groups. 3) No serious adverse events were recorded. 4) No evidence of opioid antagonist toxicity or opioid withdrawal was observed.
Contact Lens Prescribing in Canada 2006 (2021)

A questionnaire was used to identify current preferences for contact lens prescribing in Canada. Practitioners were asked to submit information on the first ten patients fit­ted with contact lenses immediately after receipt of the survey; 151 completed questionnaires were returned, detailing contact lens fits to 1,421 patients. The results indicated that of the patients fitted with contact lenses, the majority were prescribed soft lenses. The preferred modality was monthly planned replacement. Over 80% of the soft lens fits were with either silicone hydrogel or mid-water content materials, with an even split between the two material options. Of the rigid lens fits the ma­jority were for daily wear. The overnight wear of rigid lenses appears to be for the practice of orthokeratology. Practitioners are recommending multipurpose solutions for the majority of their soft lens patients (91%).
Full Wideband Calibration for an Array of Spatially Distributed Subarrays (2023)

Resilient GNSS reception is a critical requirement for automated and autonomous driving cars. Single-antenna receivers are prone to interference and spoofers and lack the possibility for mitigation. The usage of array antennas instead introduces the advantage to form spatial nulls in the direction of an emitting source. To counteract interferers, blind techniques can be employed for mitigation. In case of spoofers, deterministic approaches are typically desired. However, the analogue frontend channels introduce differential effects to incident signals while they travel from the reception at the antennas to the digitization at the ADCs, such as delay and frequency-dependent amplitude and phase characteristics. The desire for a hidden installation of the array in the area of passenger cars further increases the problem: The only possibility for an array installation is to distribute individual subarrays in the synthetic parts of the car, such as bumpers or side mirrors. This increases the lengths of the cables from antennas to the central processing unit and hence the mismatch after digitization. This paper presents an approach to a full calibration for an array of distributed subarrays, which is able to estimate differential delays and the frequency-dependent transfer characteristic to also incorporate wideband signals such as GPS L5 or Galileo E5a.
Encephalic Cycles during Sleep and Wakefulness in Humans: A 24-Hour Pattern (1969)

Twenty-four-hour polygraphic tracings from normal humans indicate that a pattern of alternating periods of the presence and absence of rapid eye movement, shown to exist for normal sleep, exist over all 24 hours of the daily period. This finding suggests that the so-called sleep-dream cycle of human sleep is not specific to sleep, but is a general activity pattern of the brain.
Tritium Release from Improved Ceramic Tritium Breeder with Catalytic Function. (1999)

KEYWORDS: fusion reactorsbreedercatalystplatinumpalladiumlithium silicateexchange reactionnoble metalblankettritiumtritium release
Contaminatio fenomenologica. Il tempo (2001)

“Questa riflessione vuole tentare un’analisi fenomenologica della temporalita in quanto fenomeno descrittivo, o (che e lo stesso) una descrizione della coscienza del tempo immanente. Ovviamente un’analisi fenomenologica della temporalita non puo trascurare il fatto di essere stata preceduta da un tentativo analogo piuttosto autorevole, quello che potrebbe essere ormai considerato un classico della filosofia contemporanea: le Lezioni sulla fenomenologia della coscienza interna del tempo, di Edmund Husserl [123-44].
Life-threatening Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia following treatment of severe Cushing's syndrome. (2007)

We describe two patients with a severe Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic production of ACTH. Both patients developed a life-threatening Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) shortly after treatment of the hypercortisolism was started by means of inhibition of production of glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptor blockade. We presume that the restored immune response elicited the clinical symptoms of the opportunistic, previously subclinical Pneumocystis jiroveci infection. The immunocompromised state and the delicate glucocorticoid balance in patients with a severe Cushing's syndrome necessitate a specific diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
Growth Studies of Probiotic Bacteria on Short Chain Glucomannan, a Potential Prebiotic Substrate (2012)

Abstract : This report describes a 3-year study, completed in September 2009 by the Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, to investigate the prebiotic potential of glucomannan (GM) oligosaccharides as a novel dietary approach to assist in alleviating gastrointestinal distress in deployed troops. Konjac flour was enzymatically hydrolyzed using cellulase and &#946;-mannanase. A comparison study was done with cellulase produced GM (GMc) and two commercial prebiotic substrates. All three substrates had similar degree of polymerization (DP) of 2-9. Five probiotic bacteria were evaluated for growth with these substrates, four Bifidobacteria (three B. bifidum strains and a B. longum) and a Lactobacillus reuteri. The growth on the GMc after normalizing for glucose content in the GMc was due to glucose in the hydrolysate, not the GMc. &#946;-mannanase produced GM (GM&#946;) resulted in a DP=2-7 and a much lower glucose content than GMc (DP=2-3). An expanded list of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus species were evaluated for growth on the GM&#946; substrate; no growth was evident with the GM&#946;. However, non-traditional probiotic sporeforming bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans, grew very well on GM&#946;. In addition, B. subtilis grown in GM&#946; secreted an antimicrobial substance not detected in media containing glucose or another commercial prebiotic. It was concluded that low molecular weight GM hydrolysates do not support the growth of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus bacteria; however, it will support the growth of non-traditional probiotic sporeforming bacteria and can enhance their probiotic potential.
Development and Validation of Urine-based Peptide Biomarker Panels for Detecting Bladder Cancer in a Multi-center Study (2016)

The developed urine-based peptide biomarker panel for detecting primary urothelial bladder cancer exhibits good performance. Combination of the urine-based panel and cytology resulted in improved performance for detecting disease recurrence. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4077-86. ©2016 AACR.
Low-cost uncooled VOxinfrared camera development (2013)

The DRS Tamarisk&reg; <sub>320</sub> camera, introduced in 2011, is a low cost commercial camera based on the 17 µm pixel pitch 320&times;240 VOx microbolometer technology. A higher resolution 17 µm pixel pitch 640&times;480 Tamarisk&reg;<sub>640 </sub>has also been developed and is now in production serving the commercial markets. Recently, under the DARPA sponsored Low Cost Thermal Imager-Manufacturing (LCTI-M) program and internal project, DRS is leading a team of industrial experts from FiveFocal, RTI International and MEMSCAP to develop a small form factor uncooled infrared camera for the military and commercial markets. The objective of the DARPA LCTI-M program is to develop a low SWaP camera (&lt;3.5 cm<sup>3</sup> in volume and &lt;500 mW in power consumption) that costs less than US $500 based on a 10,000 units per month production rate. To meet this challenge, DRS is developing several innovative technologies including a small pixel pitch 640&times;512 VOx uncooled detector, an advanced digital ROIC and low power miniature camera electronics. In addition, DRS and its partners are developing innovative manufacturing processes to reduce production cycle time and costs including wafer scale optic and vacuum packaging manufacturing and a 3-dimensional integrated camera assembly. This paper provides an overview of the DRS Tamarisk&reg; project and LCTI-M related uncooled technology development activities. Highlights of recent progress and challenges will also be discussed. It should be noted that BAE Systems and Raytheon Vision Systems are also participants of the DARPA LCTI-M program.
Measurements of Charge Nonuniformity on Polystyrene Latex Particles (2002)

The experimental technique of rotational electrophoresis, similar in principle to standard translational electrophoresis, has been developed to quantify the charge nonuniformity on Brownian colloidal particles. Experiments were conducted on doublets of 4.5 μm polystyrene latex particles under various solution conditions, finding variations in zeta potential on individual particle surfaces of 50−75% of the average zeta potentials. Significant charge nonuniformity was found for all systems studied, indicating that charge nonuniformity might be critical in many colloidal applications.
Abstract 16667: Computed Tomography-Based Pulmonary Vascular Tortuosity as a Marker in Resting and Exercise Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2020)

Introduction: Increased vascular tortuosity has been proposed as a marker of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In this analysis, we compared arterial and venous vascular tortuosity between controls and subjects with resting PAH. Furthermore, we examined if abnormalities could be detected in exercise PAH (EPAH), thought to be an early form of PAH. Methods: From an institutional registry, 388 patients with both right heart catheterization and computed tomography angiography (CTA) data were selected. Within this cohort, three distinct groups were identified: 1) controls, who had no cardiopulmonary disease and normal resting and exercise hemodynamics; 2) EPAH, with normal resting hemodynamics but age-adjusted pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension on exertion, and 3) PAH, defined as resting mPAP &gt;20mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance &gt;3 Wood Units, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure &lt;15mmHg. Tortuosity was defined as the actual path length of a vessel divided by the linear distance between the two farthest endpoints of the vessel segment on CTA. AV&gt;10% was defined as the number of arterial segments with tortuosity &gt;10% divided by the same venous measure. Analysis was performed with Wilcoxon rank sum tests in R 3.5. Results: There were 99 patients in the final cohort, including 47 (47.4%) with PAH, 12 (12.1%) with EPAH, and 40 (40.4%) without disease. Compared to controls, median arterial tortuosity was increased in PAH (3.3 ± 0.1% vs. 3.4 ± 0.1%, p=0.0009; Figure 1) but not in EPAH (3.3 ± 0.1%, p=0.82). Median venous tortuosity did not differ between groups. AV&gt;10% was increased in EPAH (vs. controls, 1.86 ± 0.38 vs. 1.56 ± 0.44, p=0.03) and resting PAH (2.0 ± 1.2 p=2e-6). Conclusions: Increased arterial tortuosity on CTA is a biomarker of resting PAH. When corrected for venous tortuosity, arterial tortuosity also appears to be abnormal in EPAH. Figure 1 . Arterial vessels in PAH, EPAH, and control subjects. Red segments have tortuosity &gt; 10%.
Neonatal Immunity and Somatic Mutation (2000)

Neonatal animals are able to mount an effective immune response, both humoral and cellular, when immunized using conditions that maximize stimulation of antigen presenting cells, T cells, and B cells. In adults, somatic mutation is a key feature of the humoral immune response because it contributes to the generation of high affinity memory B cells. Recent evidence that B cells in neonatal mice and human infants can somatically mutate their immunoglobulin heavy chains suggests that neonates can utilize somatic mutation not only to diversify their restricted germline antibody repertoire, but also to improve upon this repertoire by the generation of B cells which can produce higher affinity antibodies. By extrapolation, if vaccination of children early in life resulted in somatic mutation and affinity maturation, this could provide a more protective antibody response to childhood diseases.