gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Action in chains: A chains model for action localization and classification (2014)

In this paper we present a method for action classification in videos using trajectory features. The novelty of our approach is in formulating the problem of simultaneous detection and localization as a probabilistic chains model. In our formulation, chains are sets of regions in the video that are connected based on their joint probabilities. We describe our approach for connecting subvolumes in the video into chains, and using them as spatio-temporal detectors for actions. Our approach allows the detection and localization of multiple actions occurring simultaneously or at different locations in a single video. We test the performance of our method on two challenging action recognition datasets, and compare to state of the art methods.
Highly Selective Separation of Rare Earth Elements by Zn-BTC Metal–Organic Framework/Nanoporous Graphene via In Situ Green Synthesis (2020)

Rare earth elements (REEs) are used widely in devices of many fields, but it is still a troublesome task to achieve their selective separation and purification. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as an emerging porous crystalline material have been used for selective separation of REEs using the size-selective crystallization properties. However, so far, almost all MOFs cannot be used directly for selective separation of REEs in strong acid <i>via</i> solid-state adsorption. Herein, a zinc-trimesic acid (Zn-BTC) MOF is grown by solid synthesis <i>in situ</i> on ZnO nanoparticles covering nanoporous graphene for preparing Zn-BTC MOF/nanoporous graphene composites with strong acid resistance. The adsorption capacity of the resulting composites to REEs is highly sensitive to the ionic radius, which may be attributed to the fact that the REE ions coordinate with O to form a stable structure. The selectivity of Ce/Lu is ≈10,000, and it is extremely important that the selectivity between adjacent REEs (e.g., Nd/Pr) is as high as ≈9.8, so the composite exhibits the best separation performance so far. This work provides a green, facile, scale, and effective synthesis strategy of Zn-BTC MOF/nanoporous graphene, which is hopefully applied directly in the separation industries of REEs.
HAPS for 6G Networks: Potential Use Cases, Open Challenges, and Possible Solutions (2023)

High altitude platform station (HAPS), which is deployed in the stratosphere at an altitude of 20-50 kilometres, has attracted much attention in recent years due to their large footprint, line-of-sight links, and fixed position relative to the Earth. Compared with existing network infrastructure, HAPS has a much larger coverage area than terrestrial base stations and is much closer than satellites to the ground users. Besides small-cells and macro-cells, a HAPS can offer one mega-cell, which can complement legacy networks in 6G and beyond wireless systems. This paper explores potential use cases and discusses relevant open challenges of integrating HAPS into legacy networks, while also suggesting some solutions to these challenges. The cumulative density functions of spectral efficiency of the integrated network and cell-edge users are studied and compared with terrestrial network. The results show the capacity gains achieved by the integrated network are beneficial to cell-edge users. Furthermore, the advantages of a HAPS for backhauling aerial base stations are demonstrated by the simulation results.
Update on Nox function, site of action and regulation in Botrytis cinerea (2016)

This study provides a deeper analysis of the Nox complexes in <i>B.</i> <i>cinerea</i>. Besides new insights in the overall regulation of the complexes, we provide further evidence that the NoxA complex has a predominant role inside the ER, while the NoxB complex is mainly important outside the ER, likely at the plasma membrane. By considering all other putative Nox complex members, we propose a putative model, which describes the distinct complex pattern upon certain differentiation processes.
Relationship between the ionic nature of some organoaluminum—transition metal catalysts and the rate of polymerization (1966)

Abstract The electrical conductivity of several trialkylaluminum and alkyl‐aluminum halides was investigated in dry benzene at 25°C. within the concentration range of 10 −1 –10 −3 M . The equivalent conductance of the trialkylaluminum systems decreased in the following order: Al( n ‐C 6 H 13 ) 3 &gt; Al( n ‐C 10 H 19 ) 3 &gt; Al( n ‐C 4 H 9 ) 3 &gt; Al( i ‐C 4 H 9 ) 3 &gt; Al( n ‐C 3 H 7 ) 3 &gt; Al(C 2 H 5 ) 3 . The conductance (1/ R ) of a given series was also examined and found to decrease as each alkyl group was successively replaced by a chlorine atom, thus: Al(C 2 H 5 ) 3 &gt; Al(C 2 H 5 ) 2 Cl &gt; Al(C 2 H 5 ) 1.5 Cl 1.5 &gt; Al(C 2 H 5 )Cl 2 and Al( i ‐C 4 H 9 ) 3 &gt; Al( i ‐C 4 H 9 ) 2 Cl &gt; Al( i ‐C 4 H 9 )Cl 2 . The ion pair dissociation constants K were calculated and show in a qualitative manner the difference between various organoaluminum systems. The relative rate of olefin polymerization was related to the conductivity of various organoaluminum–transition metal catalyst systems used. The effect of Lewis bases such as monoglyme, diglyme, triglyme, and tetraglyme on triethylaluminum indicated that the first‐mentioned base forms a 1:1 type of complex as ordinary ethers do, whereas the remaining three bases utilize only two of their available oxygen atoms to coordinate with triethylaluminum. The effect of TiCl 3 (in the presence of an ether) on the conductance was also determined.
Reaction Processes of Vanadium Bichloride Oxide and Vanadium Trichloride with Oxygen (1979)

Abstract The products formed by the heating of VCl2O in an oxygen stream at various temperatures were examined by chemical and X-ray analysis. The reaction products between VCl3 and oxygen were examined in the same manner. The reaction process between VCl2O and oxygen may be represented as follows: VCl2O reacts with oxygen above ca. 170 °C to form V2O5 and VCl3O, 12VCl2O(s)+3O2(g)→2V2O5(s)+8VCl3O(g), and this reaction is accompanied by the reaction, 4VCl2O(s)+3O2(g)→2V2O5(s)+4Cl2(g). The reaction process between VCl3and oxygen may be represented as follows: VCl3 reacts with oxygen above ca. 100 °C to form VCl3O, 2VCl3(s)+O2(g)→2VCl3O(g), and this reaction is accompanied by the reaction, 2VCl3(s)+O2(g)→2VCl2O(s)+Cl2(g).
Differential Response of Weeds and Vegetable Crops to Aqueous Extracts of Hairy Vetch and Cowpea (2006)

Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of aqueous extracts of hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth) and cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) cover crops on germination and radicle elongation in seven vegetable and six weed species. Lyophilized aqueous extracts of the cover crops were dissolved in reverse osmosis (RO) water to produce seven concentrations: 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00, and 8.00 g·L –1 . Each treatment had 4 replications and the full experiment was repeated. Experiment 1 (E1) and Experiment (E2) were conducted under similar conditions. In general, seed germination was not affected by extracts of both cover crops. However, radicle growth of all species tested (except common milkweed exposed to cowpea extract) was affected by the cover crop residue extracts. Low concentrations of hairy vetch extract stimulated the radicle growth of carrot, pepper, barnyardgrass, common milkweed, and velvetleaf. Likewise, low concentrations of cowpea extract stimulated the growth of corn, barnyardgrass, and velvetleaf. At higher concentrations all species tested were negatively affected. The order of species sensitivity to the hairy vetch extract, as determined by the IC 50 (concentration required to produce 50% radicle inhibition) values, was common chickweed &gt; redroot pigweed&gt; barnyardgrass E1 &gt; carrot E1 &gt; wild carrot &gt; corn &gt; carrot E2 &gt; lettuce &gt; common milkweed &gt; tomato &gt; onion &gt; barnyardgrass E2 &gt; velvetleaf &gt; pepper &gt; cucumber (most sensitive to least sensitive). For cowpea the order was common chickweed &gt; redroot pigweed &gt; corn &gt; tomato &gt; lettuce &gt; wild carrot &gt; pepper &gt; carrot &gt; cucumber &gt; onion&gt; barnyardgrass and velvetleaf. Results suggest that the susceptibility of weeds and vegetable crops to aqueous extracts of hairy vetch and cowpea is dependent on both species and extract concentration.
CTCF Recruits Centromeric Protein CENP-E to the Pericentromeric/Centromeric Regions of Chromosomes through Unusual CTCF-Binding Sites (2015)

The role of CTCF in stabilizing long-range interactions between chromatin sites essential for maintaining nuclear architecture is well established. Most of these interactions involve recruitment of the cohesin complex to chromatin via CTCF. We find that CTCF also interacts with the centromeric protein CENP-E both in vitro and in vivo. We identified CTCF sites in pericentric/centromeric DNA and found that, early in mitosis, CTCF binds and recruits CENP-E to these sites. Unlike most known CTCF genomic sites, the CTCF-binding sites in the pericentric/centromeric regions interact strongly with the C-terminal fingers of CTCF. Overexpression of a small CENP-E fragment, targeted to these CTCF sites, results in a delay in alignment of some chromosomes during mitosis, suggesting that the recruitment of CENP-E by CTCF is physiologically important. We conclude that CTCF helps recruit CENP-E to the centromere during mitosis and that it may do so through a structure stabilized by the CTCF/CENP-E complex.
Diagnostic pitfall: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tongue presenting as an isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy, case report and literature review (2016)

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a salivary gland neoplasm. It is characterized by local invasiveness with frequent recurrence and indolent growth. It affects major salivary glands more than minor salivary glands. In malignancies that have a propensity for PI such as ACC, patients may present atypically with nerve palsies. In infiltrative lesions, the primary tumour may not be evident on magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, to achieve a diagnosis, a high index of suspicion is required. When the diagnosis is in question, deep biopsy and positron emission tomography may be useful.
Genomic Characterization of Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma (2014)

Background: Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC), a rare, highly aggressive cancer that arises in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Despite aggressive multimodal therapy the prognosis remains poor, and the median survival time is less than 18 months. To better understand the biological features of SNUC and help develop new therapies, molecular profiling of SNUC is essential. However, our previous study failed to identify hot spot mutations within well-studied 12 oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in 13 SNUC patient samples. To examine wider genomic alterations in SNUC, we performed whole genome sequencing and genome wide SNP analysis on a recently established SNUC cell line.
Investigating the use of morphological decomposition and diacritization for improving Arabic LVCSR (2009)

One of the challenges related to large vocabulary Arabic speech recognition is the rich morphology nature of Arabic language which leads to both high out-of-vocabulary (OOV) rates and high language model (LM) perplexities.Another challenge is the absence of the short vowels (diacritics) from the Arabic written transcripts which causes a large difference between spoken and written language and thus a weaker connection between the acoustic and language models.In this work, we try to address these two important challenges by introducing both morphological decomposition and diacritization in Arabic language modeling.Finally, we are able to obtain about 3.7% relative reduction in word error rate (WER) with respect to a comparable non-diacritized full-words system running on our test set.
Preferential nuclear accumulation of JAK2V617F in CD34+ but not in granulocytic, megakaryocytic, or erythroid cells of patients with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasia (2010)

Recently, Dawson et al identified a previously unrecognized nuclear role of JAK2 in the phosphorylation of histone H3 in hematopoietic cell lines. We searched nuclear JAK2 in total bone marrow (BM) cells and in 4 sorted BM cell populations (CD34(+), CD15(+), CD41(+), and CD71(+)) of 10 myeloproliferative neoplasia (MPN) patients with JAK2V617F mutation and 5 patients with wild-type JAK2 MPN. Confocal immunofluorescent images and Western blot analyses of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions found nuclear JAK2 in CD34(+) cells of 10 of 10 JAK2-mutated patients but not in patients with wild-type JAK2. JAK2 was predominantly in the cytoplasmic fraction of differentiated granulocytic, megakaryocytic, or erythroid cells obtained from all patients. JAK2V617F up-regulates LMO2 in K562 and in JAK2V617F-positive CD34(+) cells. The selective JAK2 inhibitor AG490 normalizes the LMO2 levels in V617F-positive K562 and restores the cyto-plasmic localization of JAK2.
Effect of nonthermal atmospheric discharge on stain removal of tooth (2019)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the repeated nonthermal atmospheric discharge (NADC) exposure without peroxide or water on bleaching effect of cycling stained tooth and to evaluate surface roughness and microhardness of the enamel surface exposed by NADC. Specimens with 5×5mm were prepared from extracted bovine teeth. Staining with tea and exposure by NADC were repeated for five times and color was measured at each step. Other specimens were prepared and surface roughness (Ra) and microhardness (Vickers hardness) were measured after exposure by NADC. The repeated NADC exposure without peroxide or water showed bleaching effect for stained bovine teeth. The surface roughness was not changed by NADC exposure. The less microhadness was shown by NADC exposere.
Deepwater Corrosion Monitoring: Challenges and Progress (2004)

Abstract Effective corrosion monitoring of subsea flowline installations remains a challenge, yet the flowlines are the most capital-intensive parts of subsea and deepwater projects. In the Gulf of Mexico and many other field developments around the world, these lines are made from carbon and low alloy steels to minimize cost. However, an important aspect of the use of these steels is that they require adequate internal protection by surface treatments or chemical inhibition to achieve this cost benefit. Excessive corrosion leading to a failure, or even the need for repair, would result in dire economic consequences in deep waters. One of the problems currently experienced by deepwater operators is that there are only limited options available for monitoring corrosion, surface deposit formation and flow assurance properties within pipelines that can be installed subsea, where interest and needs are greatest. An effort is underway to develop an integrated flow assurance and corrosion monitoring system for deepwater pipeline applications. This paper describes the challenges and progress of taking existing and novel technologies into a deepwater environment.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cubic Mesostructured Vanadium—Phosphorus Oxide. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Going to the Roots of Dependency Parsing (2012)

Dependency trees used in syntactic parsing often include a root node representing a dummy word prefixed or suffixed to the sentence, a device that is generally considered a mere technical convenience and is tacitly assumed to have no impact on empirical results. We demonstrate that this assumption is false and that the accuracy of data-driven dependency parsers can in fact be sensitive to the existence and placement of the dummy root node. In particular, we show that a greedy, left-to-right, arc-eager transition-based parser consistently performs worse when the dummy root node is placed at the beginning of the sentence (following the current convention in data-driven dependency parsing) than when it is placed at the end or omitted completely. Control experiments with an arc-standard transition-based parser and an arc-factored graphbased parser reveal no consistent preferences but nevertheless exhibit considerable variation in results depending on root placement. We conclude that the treatment of dummy root nodes in data-driven dependency parsing is an underestimated source of variation in experiments andmay also be a parameter worth tuning for some parsers.
Low density lipoprotein bionanoparticles: From cholesterol transport to delivery of anti-cancer drugs (2013)

In this review article, we highlight the importance of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its implications in the field of drug delivery to cancer cells. LDL is naturally occurring bionanoparticles (BNP) with a size of 18-25 nm. These BNPs specifically transport cholesterol to cells expressing the LDL receptors (LDLRs). Several tumors overexpress LDLRs, presumably to provide cholesterol for sustaining a high rate of membrane synthesis. LDL BNPs are biocompatible and biodegradable, favorably bind hydrophobic and amphiphilic drugs, are taken up by a receptor-mediated mechanism, have a half-life of 2-4 days, and can be rerouted. Drugs can be loaded onto LDL BNPs by surface loading, core loading, and apoprotein interaction. LDL may be used as a drug carrier for treatment of atherosclerosis, cancer, and in photodynamic therapies.
Adaptive SIMO and SDMA transmission mode for single carrier FDMA uplink (2008)

This paper is dedicated to better understanding of the achievable sum rate in the single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) system. We investigate the achievable sum rate in a two-user SC-FDMA system, where a mix of SIMO (single input multiple output) and SDMA (space division multiple access) transmission mode is assumed for the wideband communication. The problem is formulated which appears to be non-convex. Relation to the conventional waterfilling solution is pointed out for single mode (SIMO or SDMA) transmission. We show that a mix of SIMO and SDMA transmission mode in the wideband is not favorable for any pair of the user equipments. A better strategy would be to switch to SIMO mode or SDMA mode adaptively. We also propose a simple algorithm to find the group of users for SDMA mode based on the wideband average spatial correlation. Performance improvement is shown by combining adaptive SIMO mode and SDMA mode selection with our proposed user grouping algorithm.
Expression of three human β‐adrenergic‐receptor subtypes in transfected chinese hamster ovary cells (1991)

The genes coding for three pharmacologically distinct subtypes of human beta-adrenergic receptors (beta 1 AR, beta 2 AR and beta 3 AR) were transfected for expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Stable cell lines expressing each receptor were analyzed by ligand binding, adenylate cyclase activation and photoaffinity labeling, and compared to beta AR subtypes observed in previously described tissues, primary cultures and transfected cell lines. Each of the three receptor subtypes displayed saturable [125I]iodocyanopindolol-binding activity. They showed the characteristic rank order of potencies for five agonists, determined by measuring the accumulation of intracellular cAMP. These recombinant cell lines express a homogeneous population of receptors and display the known pharmacological properties of beta 1 AR and beta 2 AR, in human tissues. It is therefore likely that the pattern of ligand binding and adenylate cyclase activation, mediated by the new beta 3 AR in CHO cells, also reflects the yet-undetermined pharmacological profile in humans.
Prefrontal Cortex Regulation of Emotion and Anxiety (2013)

The ability to appropriately regulate fear and anxiety is considered a top-down process involving higher-level cortical structures. Here, we review evidence that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critically involved in many laboratory emotion regulation tasks in both rodents and humans, including behavioral or experiential forms of regulation like fear extinction, and cognitive forms of regulation like reappraisal. We also discuss research demonstrating that failures in emotion regulation, as observed in many psychiatric conditions like anxiety disorders, are associated with PFC structural abnormalities and/or aberrant PFC functional activity. We conclude that the PFC may act as a common gateway between higher-level cortical structures and limbic/brainstem areas to mediate the appropriate control of emotions, irrespective of the regulation strategy (i.e., behavioral or cognitive) employed.
Computational Prediction and Comparison of Ground versus Air Launced Rocket Noise (2007)

An improved computational aeroacoustic approach is presented based on computational fluid dynamics in the near field and Kirchhoff integral/gradient adaptive transfinite elements formulations in the far field. Using this approach, a launch vehicle with a specific rocket engine thrust computationally simulated for launch and ascent phase assuming two different launch modes of ground and air launch. Study includes the ranges of Mach numbers from 0.89 to 3. It is seen that in the case of air launching the sound pressure levels are reduced significantly. Newly developed improved computational aeroacoustics approach is promising in reducing computational time without sacrificing computational accuracy.
The Stem State in Cancer (2009)

The properties of cells in the stem state differ profoundly from those of tumorinitiating cells (TICs), often referred to as cancer stem cells. The latter are continuously proliferating, while normal stem cells never do. TICs are either poorly differentiating or lack differentiation capacity altogether. Their biology is therefore a mirror image of stemness.
Low-noise monolithic mode-locked semiconductor lasers through low-dimensional structures (2008)

The design of a quantum well (QW) based high-saturation energy and low-loss gain region allows a high power density which ensures efficient saturation of the absorber, increases the efficiency, and lowers the noise of monolithic modelocked lasers. This is illustrated though 10 GHz all-active lasers with different number of quantum wells. By comparing a 40 GHz quantum dot and a 40 GHz quantum well laser we discuss the physical difference in the dynamics of the devices. The slow dynamics of quantum dots (QD), results in low self-phase modulation for picosecond pulses and a strong damping of intensity fluctuations, which gives rise to clean optical spectra and very low noise for passive mode-locking.
Selective ETA receptor antagonism with BQ-123 is insufficient to inhibit angioplasty induced neointima formation in the rat (1995)

Neither acute nor chronic ETA receptor blockade is sufficient to inhibit angioplasty induced neointima formation in the rat. Since it was previously shown that the ETA/B antagonist SB 209670 was effective in this model, while the ETA selective antagonist BQ-123 is now found to be ineffective, the data implicate the ETB receptor subtype in the pathogenesis of neointima formation.