gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigen recognition by serum antibodies in non-human primates experimentally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (2003)

Tuberculosis is a significant threat to non-human primates and their caretakers. The diagnosis of tuberculosis in living non-human primates is currently based on the tuberculin skin test, which is cumbersome and sometimes inaccurate. Development of an accurate serodiagnostic test requires identification of the key antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis involved in antibody production. When sequential serum samples obtained from 17 cynomolgus, rhesus, and African green monkeys up to seven months since experimental infection with M. tuberculosis Erdman were screened for antibody against purified proteins of M. tuberculosis, three highly seroreactive antigens were identified. One protein, ESAT-6, reacted with sera from all infected animals. Two additional proteins, alpha-crystallin and MTSA-10, were recognized by sera from approximately 90% of infected animals. Time course analysis of antibody production indicated that the earliest response was usually to ESAT-6 alone or to ESAT-6 and other antigen(s). These results provide experimental evidence of the potential value of ESAT-6 as an antigen for use in serodiagnosis of tuberculosis in non-human primates.
Acarbose and Pasireotide Reduce Hypoglycemia in Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Operated Subjects (2018)

Introduction: Hypoglycemia is a severe complication after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), with no effective treatment options. We investigated the glucose stabilizing effects of five therapeutic agents in RYGB operated subjects with hypoglycemia. Methods: In a randomized crossovers study, 11 RYGB operated subjects with documented hypoglycemia (blood glucose &amp;lt;70.2 mg/dL) underwent six separate meal tolerance tests (Fresubin Energy Drink) preceded by either: no treatment (NT), acarbose 50 mg (A), sitagliptin 100 mg for 1 week (S), verapamil 120 mg for 1 week (V), liraglutide 1.2 mg for 3 weeks (L) or pasireotide 300 µg (P). Blood samples were drawn at fixed time intervals from -20 to 180 minutes. Hormonal responses were calculated as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC), and the glucose response was further specified as the area above (+iAUC) and below (-iAUC) baseline values. Data were analyzed by use of linear mixed models. Results: Treatment with A and P significantly reduced -iAUCglucose (NT: 106±14 mmolxL-1xmin (mean±SEM) A: 63±14 mmolxL-1xmin, p=0.02; P: 0±0 mmolxL-1xmin, p&amp;lt;0.0001). Additionally A reduced +iAUCglucose, whereas P increased this area (NT: 182±18 mmolxL-1xmin; A: 78±18 mmolxL-1xmin, p=0.0008; P: 1,144±62 mmolxL-1xmin, p&amp;lt;0.0001). Time spent in hypoglycemia decreased with both A and P (NT: 48±12 min; A: 5±3 min, p=0.02; P: 0±0 min, p&amp;lt;0.0001), whereas time in hyperglycemia (&amp;gt;140.4 mg/dL) decreased with A but increased with P (NT: 29±4 min; A: 5±5 min, p=0.0017; P: 159±6 min, p&amp;lt;0.0001). Treatment with A and P both reduced iAUCinsulin (NT: 534±8 nmolxL-1xmin; A: 22±3 nmolxL-1xmin, p=0.0009; P: 14±2 nmolxL-1xmin, p&amp;lt;0.0001). Treatment with S, V and L did not have a significant impact on any of the measurements. Conclusion: Acarbose reduced both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, whereas pasireotide resolved hypoglycemia, but at the cost of increased hyperglycemia. Both acarbose and pasireotide can be considered in the treatment of hypoglycemia after RYGB. Disclosure C. øhrstrôm: None. U. Kielgast: None. J.J. Holst: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Board Member; Self; Zealand Pharma A/S. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., AstraZeneca. Research Support; Self; Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation. Other Relationship; Self; Antag Therapeutics. Other Relationship; Spouse/Partner; Antag Therapeutics. D. Worm: None. D.L. Hansen: None.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Stimulates the Expression and Production of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) in Oral Epithelial Cells: a Role for SLPI in Innate Mucosal Immunity (2005)

The innate immune response is a key barrier against pathogenic microorganisms such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Because HIV-1 is rarely transmitted orally, we hypothesized that oral epithelial cells participate in the innate immune defense against this virus. We further hypothesized that secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a 12-kDa mucosal antiviral protein, is a component of the host immune response to this virus. Here we demonstrated constitutive expression and production of SLPI in immortalized human oral keratinocytes. Brief exposure of cells to HIV-1 BaL and HXB2 significantly increased SLPI mRNA and protein production compared to that in mock-exposed cells (P < 0.01), as evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HIV-1-mediated stimulation of SLPI occurred at the transcriptional level, was dose and time dependent, was elicited by heat-inactivated and infectious viruses, and did not depend on cellular infection. Experiments with purified retroviral proteins showed that the stimulatory effect was induced specifically by external envelope glycoproteins from HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus. SLPI responsiveness to HIV-1 was also observed in an unrelated oral epithelial cell line and in normal (nonimmortalized) human oral epithelial cells isolated from healthy uninfected gingival tissues. In this first report of SLPI regulation by HIV-1, we show that the expression and production of the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory protein can be stimulated in oral epithelial cells by the virus through interactions with gp120 in the absence of direct infection. These findings indicate that SLPI is a component of the oral mucosal response to HIV-1.
Controlled transport of magnetic particles using soft magnetic patterns (2008)

Inspired by magnetic bubble memory technology, we demonstrate the temporal and spatial manipulation of superparamagnetic beads guided by soft magnetic patterns in a rotating magnetic field. Soft magnetic structures allow complex and repetitive tasks to be performed. As a demonstration, we show cyclic capture and release of antibodies from different microfluidic streams.
Supplementary Figure 1 from ATR Inhibition Is a Promising Radiosensitizing Strategy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1 demonstrates that VX-970 exhibits minimal single agent activity at the dose which radiosensitized TNBC cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Tuning the color switching of naphthopyrans via the control of polymeric architectures (2007)

A range of polymerisable photochromic naphthopyrans were prepared via the synthesis of an acrylate moiety on either the naphthalene ring (R) and/or the di-aryl (Ar) rings on the 3-position of the naphthopyran. The monomers obtained (NA) were copolymerised with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methyl acrylate (MA) by the RAFT (reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer) process in order to control the structure of the polymeric chains and accurately control the number of photochromic molecules per chain. Films were prepared with the synthesized photochromic polymers and their photochromic properties were assessed. We found that the fading rate of the photochromic dye was slower in a matrix of PMMA (higher Tg) than in a matrix of PMA (lower Tg). By producing block copolymers of PMMA-b-poly(MA-co-NA), the fading rate was increased, and the production of PS-b-poly(MA-co-NA) further enhanced the speed of switching, as phase separation occurred between the poly(MA-co-NA) block and the PS block. This study presents an example of tuning the photochromic properties of a dye via variation of the architecture of its polymeric support.
Port Site Metastasis after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy - Case Report (2019)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a gold standard procedure for gall stone disease. Incidence of gall bladder cancer is found in about 0.25-0.3% of patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Patients with a preoperatively undiagnosed adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder in situ have a high incidence of recurrence at the port site. Incidence increases when a gall bladder perforation occurs during its extraction. Incidence is as high about 14%. Here we report a case of a 35 yrs old female who presented with a swelling in the umbilical region after 18 months of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gall bladder disease. We recommend retrieval of the gall bladder in a plastic bag and send all specimens for histopathological examination though metastasis in more than one port is very rare. Keywords: Histopathological examination, gall bladder carcinoma, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, metastasis, port site Cite this Article Mahinder Pal Kochar, K.M. Garg. Port Site Metastasis after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy - Case Report. Research & Reviews Journal of Surgery . 2019; 8(3): 9–13p.
A fast spatial patch blending algorithm for artefact reduction in pattern-based image inpainting (2013)

We propose a fast and generic spatial patch blending technique that can be embedded within any kind of pattern-based inpainting algorithm. This extends our previous work on the visual enhancement of inpainting results. We optimize this blending algorithm so that the processing time is roughly divided by a factor ten, without any loss of perceived quality. Moreover, we provide an open-source and simple-to-use software to make this easily reproducible.
A portable global optimizer and linker (1988)

To reduce complexity and simplify their implementation, most compilers are organized as a set of passes or phases. Each phase performs a particular piece of the compilation process. In an optimizing compiler, the assignment of function and order of application of the phases is a critical part of the design. A particularly difficult problem is the arrangement of the code generation and optimization phases so as to avoid phase ordering problems caused by the interaction of the phases. In this paper, we discuss the implementation of a compiler/linker that has been designed to avoid these problems. The key aspect of this design is that the synthesis phases of the compiler and the system linker share the same intermediate program representation. This results in two benefits. It permits the synthesis phases of the compiler to be performed in any order and repeatedly, thus eliminating potential phase ordering problems. Second, it permits code selection to be invoked at any point during the synthesis phases as well as at link time. The ability to perform code selection at link time presents many opportunities for additional optimizations. Measurements about the effectiveness of using this approach in a C compiler on two different machines are presented.
Classification of fracture and non-fracture groups by analysis of coherent X-ray scatter (2016)

Osteoporotic fractures present a significant social and economic burden, which is set to rise commensurately with the aging population. Greater understanding of the physicochemical differences between osteoporotic and normal conditions will facilitate the development of diagnostic technologies with increased performance and treatments with increased efficacy. Using coherent X-ray scattering we have evaluated a population of 108 ex vivo human bone samples comprised of non-fracture and fracture groups. Principal component fed linear discriminant analysis was used to develop a classification model to discern each condition resulting in a sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 91%, respectively. Evaluating the coherent X-ray scatter differences from each condition supports the hypothesis that a causal physicochemical change has occurred in the fracture group. This work is a critical step along the path towards developing an in vivo diagnostic tool for fracture risk prediction.
More Is Less: Curcumin and Paclitaxel Formulations Using Poly(2-Oxazoline) and Poly(2-Oxazine) Based Amphiphiles Bearing Linear and Branched C9 Side Chains (2018)

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Helvetica} &lt;p&gt;A known limitation of polymer micelles for the formulation of hydrophobic drugs is their low loading capacity, which rarely exceeds 20 wt.%. One general strategy to overcome this limitation is to increase the amphiphilic contrast, i.e. to make the hydrophobic core of the micelles more hydrophobic. However, we reported earlier that for poly(2-oxazoline) based amphiphilic triblock copolymers, a minimal amphiphilic contrast is beneficial, which was tentatively attributed to possible side chain crystallization. Here, we revisit this subject in more detail using more hydrophobic side chains that are either linear (nonyl) or branched (3-ethylheptyl), the latter of which should not crystallize. Moreover, we investigate two different backbones within the hydrophobic block, in particular poly(2-oxazoline) and poly(2-oxazine), for the solubilization and co-solubilization of the two highly water insoluble compounds curcumin and paclitaxel. Even though high loading capacities could be achieved for curcumin within poly(2-oxazine) based triblock copolymers, the solubilization capacity of all investigated polymers with longer side chains was significantly lower compared to poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s with shorter side chains. Although the even lower loading capacity for paclitaxel could be somehow attenuated by co-formulating curcumin, this study corroborates that in the case of poly(2-oxazoline) and poly(2-oxazine) based polymer micelles, an increased amphiphilic contrast leads to less drug solubilization.&lt;/p&gt;
A Reference Sample: ISM of the Most Isolated Galaxies (2004)

We are constructing the first complete unbiased control sample of the most isolated galaxies of the northern sky to serve as a template in the study of star formation and galaxy evolution in denser environments. Our goal is to compare and quantify the properties of different phases of the interstellar medium in this sample, as well as the level of star formation, both relevant parameters in the internal evolution of galaxies and strongly conditioned by the environment. To achieve this goal we are building a multiwavelength database for this sample to compare and quantify the properties of different phases of the ISM.
Model Selection and Coupling in the Context of Biomedical Device Design (2021)

Modeling and computational analysis play an increasingly important role in bioengineering, particularly in the design of implantable ventricular assist devices (VAD), coronary stents, and other blood-handling devices. Numerical simulation of blood flow and associated physiological phenomena has the potential to shorten the design cycle and give the designers important insights into causes of blood damage and suboptimal performance.
Properties of Aluminum Oxide Films Obtained from Nitrous Oxide and Aluminum Trimethyl (1971)

Aluminum oxide (both amorphous and ) have been deposited from the reaction of aluminum trimethyl and nitrous oxide at 650°C. The refractive index is and the dielectric constant is . Films have a resistivity of 1014 ohm‐cm at 106 V/cm. D‐C current‐voltage characteristics indicate a Poole‐Frenkel model of conduction similar to that for films. Turn on voltage and MAOS capacitor flat band voltage stability of ±0.03V at 300°C and 106 V/cm has been, attained.
Inflammatory, immunological, and intestinal disease biomarkers in Chinese Shar-Pei dogs with marked hypocobalaminemia (2014)

Chinese Shar-Pei dogs have a high prevalence of hypocobalaminemia and are commonly presented with clinical signs suggestive of severe and long-standing gastrointestinal disease such as diarrhea, vomiting, and/or weight loss. The aim of the current study was to evaluate serum concentrations of inflammatory markers, markers for intestinal disease, and immunological markers in Shar-Peis with hypocobalaminemia or normocobalaminemia (serum cobalamin concentrations within the reference interval). Serum samples from Shar-Peis were collected from various parts of the United States. Serum concentrations of inflammatory markers (i.e., C-reactive protein [CRP], calprotectin [CP], and S100A12), hyaluronic acid (HA, a marker for cutaneous mucinosis), and analytes commonly altered in chronic intestinal diseases (i.e., albumin, zinc, alpha1-proteinease inhibitor [α1PI], immunoglobulin [Ig]A, and IgM) were compared between Shar-Peis with hypocobalaminemia and Shar-Peis with normocobalaminemia. Serum concentrations of CRP, CP, S100A12, HA, zinc, and cα1-PI concentrations did not differ between hypocobalaminemic and normocobalaminemic Shar-Peis (P > 0.05). Serum concentrations of albumin were significantly lower in hypocobalaminemic Shar-Peis (median: 2.5 g/dl) than in normocobalaminemic Shar-Peis (median: 2.9 g/dl; P < 0.0001). Higher serum IgA concentrations and lower serum IgM concentrations were observed in hypocobalaminemic Shar-Peis (median: 1.7 g/l and 0.8 g/l, respectively) than in normocobalaminemic Shar-Peis (median: 0.7 g/l and 1.9 g/l, respectively; both P < 0.0001). In conclusion, no difference was found in serum concentrations of CRP, CP, S100A12, and HA between hypocobalaminemic and normocobalaminemic Shar-Peis whereas some differences were observed in analytes (e.g., albumin, IgA, and IgM) that may be altered in patients with chronic enteropathies.
All liquid based calibration scheme for microwave dielectrometry (2017)

The calibration of a microfluidic microwave sensor is a challenging field of research. While most of the existing strategies still rely on information out of full wave simulations, this work demonstrates an exact method to calibrate such a sensor with only three transmission measurements of known liquids. In this way, a closed formulation that directly maps S-parameters to the complex permittivity value of the material under test was found. Because this calibration scheme is only based on transmission measurements, it has potentially lower requirements concerning the hardware implementation of a sensor. The theory is validated with measurements of different aqueous NaCl solutions as well as albumin solutions up to a frequency of 10 GHz. It is demonstrated, that due to the accurate data extraction small differences of 0,05mol/l can be discriminated very well. This corresponds to a change in permittivity of Δε = while the error is in average Δ = ±1.5%o.
Secure network coding with erasures and feedback (2013)

Secure network coding assumes that the underlying network links are lossless, thus it can be applied over lossy networks after channel error correction. Yet it is well known that channel losses, such as packet erasures, can be constructively used for secrecy over a link. We address here the challenge of extending these results for arbitrary networks. We provide achievability schemes over erasure networks with feedback, that outperform the alternative approach of channel error correction followed by secure message transmission separation. We derive outer bounds on the securely achievable rate and as a consequence we show optimality of our proposed scheme in some special cases.
The Economic Impact of Chronic Prostatitis (2005)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology: Urological Survey: Infection and Inflammation of the Genitourinary Tract1 Mar 2005The Economic Impact of Chronic Prostatitis Anthony J. SchaefferM.D. Anthony J. SchaefferAnthony J. Schaeffer More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000151965.51244.8bAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "The Economic Impact of Chronic Prostatitis." The Journal of Urology, 173(3), p. 844 © 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 3March 2005Page: 844 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony J. Schaeffer More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Ribozymes as a Novel Approach for the Treatment of Human Pancreatic Carcinoma (2003)

Current advances in the understanding of the genetic mechanisms of carcinogenesis and manipulation of gene expression have introduced gene therapy as a new strategy for cancer therapeutics. Recently, gene modulation using specific oligonucleotides have been developed and defined as an effective strategy for suppressing the function of genes (, , , ). The types of oligonucleotides used to modulate specific gene expression include triplex DNA, antisense DNA/RNA and ribozymes (catalytic RNAs; for a review see ref. ). Antisense oligonucleotides are capable of altering the translation of mRNA and thus inhibit the transfer of information from the gene to the protein. Antisense-mediated gene modulation has been shown to be effective for gene therapy (, , ). In contrast, ribozymes have been characterized as RNA molecules having site-specific catalytic activity (,). Trans-acting ribozyme molecules, such as “hammerhead” and “hairpin” ribozymes, possess a catalytic core and two flanking sequences which bind specifically to its target mRNA. Ribozymes are also occasionally defined as “partial” antisense molecules. However, compared to the classical an&sense-mediated gene modulation, ribozyme strategies have a few advantages due to their site-specific cleavage activity and catalytic potential (,). In recent years, researchers have described the efficacy of ribozymes against various oncogenes, such as ras, c-fos, and bcr-abl (), the MDR-1 drug resistance gene (,), and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (,,). Our Studies have previously demonstrated that anti-oncogene ribozymes effectively suppress the expression of targeted genes and result in the reversal of the malignant phenotype in human cancer cells (, , , , , , , , ).
Temporal alignment in soft information processing (2011)

In a counterinsurgency environment, patrol or spot reports and human observations stream into a soft information fusion node in arbitrary temporal order. This paper discusses the use of discrete temporal features and interval logic for temporal alignment in soft information. This aligned sequence can be presented to a graph matching method for situational understanding. Temporal transformations will provide a “present” tense time for incoming messages, which will be represented in a graphical form. The use of the OWL-Time ontology, along with a rule based inference engine JENA, enables messages to be placed in linear order. Given such information, it is feasible to match given scenarios of interest which contain temporal specific requirements. This is accomplished using a temporal version of graph matching. Extensions on this research will include considerations of uncertainty in time through fuzzy representations.
Pattern Recognition Analysis of MR Spectra (2016)

The need for multivariate analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data was recognized about 20 years ago, when it became evident that spectral patterns were characteristic of some diseases. Despite this, there is no generally accepted methodology for performing pattern recognition (PR) analysis of MRS data sets. Here, the data acquisition and processing requirements for performing successful PR as applied to human MRS studies are introduced, and the main techniques for feature selection, extraction, and classification are described. These include methods of dimensionality reduction such as principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), and feature selection. Supervised methods such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA), logistic regression (LogR), and nonlinear classification are discussed separately from unsupervised and semisupervised classification techniques, including k-means clustering. Methods for testing and metrics for gauging the performance of PR models (sensitivity and specificity, the ‘Confusion Matrix’, ‘k-fold cross-validation’, ‘Leave One Out’, ‘Bootstrapping’, the ‘Receiver Operating Characteristic curve’, and balanced error and accuracy rates) are briefly described. This article ends with a summary of the main lessons learned from PR applied to MRS to date.