gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Table S1 from Preclinical Activity of PI3K Inhibitor Copanlisib in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Number of mice per treatment arm at baseline used for in vivo experiments.&lt;/p&gt;
Relationship between Isometric Strength, Sprint, and Change of Direction Speed in Male Academy Cricketers (2016)

The aim of this investigation was to determine the relationships between isometric strength, sprint, and change of direction speed (CODS) performance in academy cricketers.
A Strain of Serratia marcescens (Enterobacteriaceae) with High Virulence Per Os to Larvae of a Laboratory Colony of the Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)1 (2001)

An unpigmented strain of the bacterium Serratia marcescens Bizio that is highly virulent when fed to larvae from a laboratory colony of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), was found as a contaminant in a sample of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby), that also infects H. zea. High rates of mortality (&amp;gt;70%) were obtained by feeding doses of less than 100 bacterial cells per larva. Previous reports indicated that when insects could be killed with S. marcescens administered orally, doses on the order of 105 to 106 cells per insect were required to obtain comparable levels of mortality. Its virulence may have been increased through unintentional selection during the in vivo production of the virus in corn earworm larvae. The insect colony with which high mortality was obtained was compared with another colony, and the S. marcescens strain was compared with other strains. Results indicate that the highest levels of mortality are associated with a particular combination of insect colony and bacterial strain. While the potential of this organism as a biological control agent has not been evaluated, these apparently unique interactions could make this system an interesting and potentially useful model for the study of host-pathogen virulence factors.
Nonlinear internal model control and model predictive control using neural networks (2002)

The ramifications of incorporating neural networks into two model-based control architectures, namely internal model control (IMC) and model predictive control (MPC), are considered. The development of a neural network analog to the conventional IMC design is described, the controller behavior is discussed, and control architectures necessary to improve controller performance are presented. The performance of the neural network controller under less restrictive assumptions is examined, and a neural network analog to the conventional MPC design is developed and tested. An IMC-type neural network controller in which the process model replaced by a neural network gives very good performance, even when only partial state data are available, also gives excellent performance. These results indicate that neural networks can learn accurate models and give good nonlinear control when model equations are not known. Suggestions for improving performance are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comment on: Anatomical and functional outcomes one year after vitrectomy and retinal massage for large macular holes (2021)

Dear Editor, I read with interest the article by Chakraborty, et al.[1] on retinal massage for large macular holes. I have been using this method for the past two decades in recurrent or large macular holes but with a few differences as follows: The internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel area is about one and a half disc diameter to avoid damage to the retina as the ILM is the condensation of the foot processes of the Muller cells and a large area of disruption could be deleterious to macular health. The instrument used for retinal massage is an old Tano diamond-dusted membrane scraper (DDMS) to get a better grip for approximation and stretch of the macular tissue toward the hole. This procedure is performed in a fluid-filled eye as massaging the retina under air would lead to more trauma to the neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) leading to RPE tracts and pressure atrophy. The massage makes the retinal tissue more pliable and flexible, and it slides toward the hole closing it. As in an idiopathic hole [Fig. 1], there is no loss of actual retinal tissue and a microhole is stretched open by the posterior hyaloid phase stuck to it with a localized proliferative vitreoretinoptathy. My technique of massage is done starting from within the arcades in a centripetal fashion radially toward the macular hole in every clock hour using a blunt DDMS. This manages to get a fold of the extraretinal tissue that is used to approximate the hole edges and co-opt them making it a thin slit or a bunched-up frill. Fluid Gas Exchange (FGE) is done as the last stage with the fluid drained initially over the disc and the last drop aspirated over the hole using a soft-tip flute needle with passive extrusion followed by C3F8 (perfluoropropane) gas injection. Silicone oil is a better tamponade in some of these cases as maintaining a prone position is very important to close these recurrent large holes. Figure 1: Preoperative OCT (optical coherence tomography) of large chronic macular holeHence, retinal massage is a good technique to get a Type 1 true hole closure [Fig. 2] rather than using the ILM flap as a scaffold, which usually leads to a Type 2 closure with poor visual recovery. But in a subset of cases, retinal atrophy is seen in some areas with RPE tracts and poor visual recovery because of the trauma induced to the ellipsoid zone by the procedure. This procedure is very helpful and simple and can be performed even by amateur surgeons in difficult macular hole surgeries.Figure 2: Postoperative OCT (optical coherence tomography) of post macular massage hole closureFinancial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.
Metadata behind the Interoperability of Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) produce changes of status that are frequent, dynamic and unpredictable, and cannot be represented using a linear cause-effect approach. Consequently, a new approach is needed to handle these changes in order to support dynamic interoperability. Our approach is to introduce the notion of context as an explicit representation of changes of a WSN status inferred from metadata elements, which in turn, leads towards a decision-making process about how to maintain dynamic interoperability. This paper describes the developed context model to represent and reason over different WSN status based on four types of contexts, which have been identified as sensing, node, network and organisational contexts. The reasoning has been addressed by developing contextualising and bridges rules. As a result, we were able to demonstrate how contextualising rules have been used to reason on changes of WSN status as a first step towards maintaining dynamic interoperability.
RET proto-oncogene point mutations in sporadic neuroendocrine tumors. (1996)

We investigated the possible role of the RET proto-oncogene, which has recently been identified as the susceptibility gene for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, in the development of sporadic neuroendocrine tumors from different locations. DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded specimens of 112 neuroendocrine tumors was screened for somatic RET point mutations in exons 10, 11, 13, 15, and 16, where recently oncogenic mutations have been described in a subset of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinomas and pheochromocytomas. Methods employed included nonisotopic PCR-based single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis, heteroduplex gel electrophoresis, and restriction enzyme digestion. The nucleotide sequence of samples with aberrant band patterns was identified by nonisotopic direct sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA. Forty-four percent (7/16) of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinomas and 15% (3/20) of pheochromocytomas contained a somatic, heterozygous point mutation at codon 918 of exon 16 (ATG --> ACG) causing a Met --> Thr substitution. None of the remaining 4 parathyroid adenomas, 8 pituitary adenomas, 17 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, 11 pulmonary and 10 gastrointestinal carcinoids, 7 small cell lung carcinomas, 5 neuroblastomas, 10 malignant melanomas, or 4 schwannomas contained mutations in any of the five RET exons tested. Although the numbers of each investigated neuroendocrine tumor type are small, our data indicate that oncogenic RET proto-oncogene mutations are involved in the formation of a subset of sporadically occurring medullary thyroid carcinomas and pheochromocytomas but do not appear to be generally important in the formation of other types of sporadically occurring neuroendocrine tumors.
A proteomic approach to the bilirubin‐induced toxicity in neuronal cells reveals a protective function of DJ‐1 protein (2010)

Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) is a powerful antioxidant and a modulator of cell growth through the interaction with several signal transduction pathways. Although newborns develop a physiological jaundice, in case of severe hyperbilirubinemia UCB may become neurotoxic causing severe long-term neuronal damages, also known as bilirubin encephalopathy. To investigate the mechanisms of UCB-induced neuronal toxicity, we used the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y as an in vitro model system. We verified that UCB caused cell death, in part due to oxidative stress, which leads to DNA damage and cell growth reduction. The mechanisms of cytotoxicity and cell adaptation to UCB were studied through a proteomic approach that identified differentially expressed proteins involved in cell proliferation, intracellular trafficking, protein degradation and oxidative stress response. In particular, the results indicated that cells exposed to UCB undertake an adaptive response that involves DJ-1, a multifunctional neuroprotective protein, crucial for cellular oxidative stress homeostasis. This study sheds light on the mechanisms of bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity and might help to design a strategy to prevent or ameliorate the neuronal damages leading to bilirubin encephalopathy.
Improvements in birefringent filters 6: Analog birefringent elements (1980)

A 100-mA analog birefringent element has been built from a polarizing wide field solid Michelson interferometer. The analog element behaves on-axis identically to a crystal element but has the field characteristics of a wide field Michelson. It is demonstrated that by proper choice of glasses for the arms of the Michelson the wide field condition can hold over a large spectral and large temperature range. Most important, proper choice of arm materials allows minimization of the wavelength sensitivity to temperature. A reduction of a factor of 10(2)-10(3) compared to birefringent crystals can be achieved.
Endoglin modulates cellular responses to TGF-beta 1. (1996)

Endoglin is a homodimeric membrane glycoprotein which can bind the beta 1 and beta 3 isoforms of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). We reported previously that endoglin is upregulated during monocyte differentiation. We have now observed that TGF-beta itself can stimulate the expression of endoglin in cultured human monocytes and in the U-937 monocytic line. To study the functional role of endoglin, stable transfectants of U-937 cells were generated which overexpress L- or S- endoglin isoforms, differing in their cytoplasmic domain. Inhibition of cellular proliferation and downregulation of c-myc mRNA which are normally induced by TGF-beta 1 in U-937 cells were totally abrogated in L-endoglin transfectants and much reduced in the S-endoglin transfectants. Inhibition of proliferation by TGF-beta 2 was not altered in the transfectants, in agreement with the isoform specificity of endoglin. Additional responses of U-937 cells to TGF-beta 1, including stimulation of fibronectin synthesis, cellular adhesion, platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) phosphorylation, and homotypic aggregation were also inhibited in the endoglin transfectants. However, modulation of integrin and PECAM-1 levels and stimulation of mRNA levels for TGF-beta 1 and its receptors R-I, R-II, and betaglycan occurred normally in the endoglin transfectants. No changes in total ligand binding were observed in L-endoglin transfectants relative to mock, while a 1.5-fold increase was seen in S-endoglin transfectants. The degradation rate of the ligand was the same in all transfectants. Elucidating the mechanism by which endoglin modulates several cellular responses to TGF-beta 1 without interfering with ligand binding or degradation should increase our understanding of the complex pathways which mediate the effects of this factor.
A Fully Precast Pier System for Accelerated Bridge Construction in Seismic Regions (2023)

As the demands on the country’s aging infrastructure continue to grow, new methods of construction that prioritize speed of construction, reliability, and environmental impact will have an outsized impact on how the country rebuilds and rehabilitates its infrastructure. Accelerated bridge construction or ABC for short, is one such method that is already being implemented in many states in the United States, such as Idaho. Precast concrete offers many advantages for ABC. The use of precast concrete for bridge substructures in seismic regions is of great interest but the required detailing of connections needed to sustain the forces and displacements generated by earthquakes is a challenge. In addition, having adequate construction tolerance between precast elements is important. As such, this research proposes a new fully precast pier system that employs ABC methods for applications in seismic regions. The system offers many advantages, in addition to better construction tolerances compared with some previously investigated connections between precast elements. The seismic performance of the system is experimentally investigated using large-scale structural testing and subsequently compared to the benchmark cast-in-place (CIP) specimens. The proposed precast system uses structural steel tubes (pipes) filled with concrete in the plastic hinge zones that are meant to serve as seismic energy dissipaters enhancing the structural performance of the pier. In this type of connection, the concrete filled steel pipe provides shear/flexural resistance as well as confinement to the concrete at the plastic hinge. Results from the large-scale structural testing of the proposed ABC precast pier and benchmark CIP pier showed that the former outperformed the latter in various aspects. Given the superior performance of the precast system investigated in this research, it has been implemented in a bridge in Idaho located in an area of high seismicity.
Effects of acute voluntary loaded wheel running on BDNF expression in the rat hippocampus (2017)

[Purpose] Voluntary loaded wheel running involves the use of a load during a voluntary running activity. A muscle-strength or power-type activity performed at a relatively high intensity and a short duration may cause fewer apparent metabolic adaptations but may still elicit muscle fiber hypertrophy. This study aimed to determine the effects of acute voluntary wheel running with an additional load on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the rat hippocampus. [Methods] Ten-week old male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to a (1) sedentary (Control) group; (2) voluntary exercise with no load (No-load) group; or (3) voluntary exercise with an additional load (Load) group for 1-week (acute period). The expression of BDNF genes was quantified by real-time PCR. [Results] The average distance levels were not significantly different in the No-load and Load groups. However, the average work levels significantly increased in the Load group. The relative soleus weights were greater in the No-load group. Furthermore, loaded wheel running up-regulated the BDNF mRNA level compared with that in the Control group. The BDNF mRNA levels showed a positive correlation with workload levels (r=0.75), suggesting that the availability of multiple workload levels contributes to the BDNF-related benefits of loaded wheel running noted in this study. [Conclusion] This novel approach yielded the first set of findings showing that acute voluntary loaded wheel running, which causes muscular adaptation, enhanced BDNF expression, suggesting a possible role of high-intensity short-term exercise in hippocampal BDNF activity. Keywords: voluntary loaded wheel running, hippocampus, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), work level
A Prospective Comparative Study of Arthroscopic Versus Mini‐Open Latarjet Procedure With a Minimum 2‐Year Follow‐up (2016)

Level II, prospective comparative study.
Effects of Organic Cations on Carrier Transport at the Interface between Perovskites and Electron Transport Layers in (FA,MA)SnI₃ Solar Cells (2019)

Charge extraction at carrier transport layers adjacent to perovskites is crucial for the optimization of perovskite solar cells. In particular, Sn-perovskites with no lead elements are known to struggle from charge extraction. Here, we report the effects of organic ligands such as FA and MA (FA = HC(NH₂)₂⁺; MA = CH₃NH₃⁺) on charge separation at the interface between electron transport layers and perovskites. TiO₂ mesoporous covering the tin-perovskites show significant changes in the electronic structure and built-in potentials according to the ratio of FA to MA. Through a local probe with potential and current mapping, charge transport has been intensively examined. The best cell in this study is obtained as 5.37% at FA/MA = 3:1 with only iodine at the halide sites. Even though the value itself is not comparable with lead halides, it could pave a new direction to improve lead-free perovskite solar cells.
In vivo detection of brain glycine with echo‐time‐averaged 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4.0 T (2006)

A single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) method is described that enables the in vivo measurement of endogenous brain glycine (Gly) levels in human subjects. At 4.0 T, TE-averaging (1)H-MRS dramatically attenuates the overlapping myo-inositol (mI) resonances at 3.52 ppm, permitting a more reliable measure of the Gly singlet peak. This methodology initially is described and tested in phantoms. The phantom data infers that the 3.55-ppm peak predominantly is Gly with a smaller contribution from mI. The composite resonance thus is differentiated from pure Gly and mI and is labeled Gly*. The mI contribution was calculated as <2% of the total Gly* signal for a 1:1 mI/Gly mixture. The technique subsequently was used to acquire TE-averaged (1)H-MRS data from the occipital cortex of healthy control subjects. The resultant spectra closely resembled experimental phantom data. LC-model analysis provided a means for quantifying TE-averaged (1)H-MRS spectra and a mean test-retest variability measure of 15% was established for brain Gly* levels in studies of six healthy subjects.
Abstract 2693: Targeting the Hippo-YAP pathway with novel small-molecule inhibitors of the YAP-TEAD transcription activity (2019)

Abstract We have discovered and are developing multiple novel small molecule medicines targeting the Hippo-YAP pathway. Consisting of upstream regulatory components, the Hippo core kinase components (MST1/2, MAP4K1-7, and LATS1/2), and the downstream transcriptional machinery (YAP, TAZ, and TEAD), the mammalian Hippo-YAP pathway is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and cell migration. It functions normally to control tissue regeneration and homeostasis and limit organ size/shape. Genetic alterations of pathway components have been reported in a variety of human malignancies. YAP activity is also linked to resistance to targeted therapies and cancer relapse. Through high-throughput phenotypic screens, we have identified novel classes of small molecule compounds that inhibit the YAP-TEAD transcription activity. Medicinal chemistry efforts on lead optimization resulted in highly potent inhibitors that block YAP-TEAD transcription activity at single digit nM. The classes of inhibitors that were demonstrated to interact directly with the TEAD transcription factors by thermal shift assay, co-crystal structures, and inhibition of autopalmitoylation of purified recombinant TEAD proteins will be presented. In cell-based assays, these inhibitors block TEAD palmitoylation in cells and selectively inhibit proliferation of NF2-deficient mesothelioma. In vivo, complete growth inhibition of NF2 mutant xenograft tumors can be achieved at doses that are well tolerated in mice without adverse effect on body weight. With the discovery and development of potent TEAD inhibitors, we bring forth a new generation of cancer therapeutics targeting a thus far undruggable pathway that is dysregulated in many cancers and critically associated with targeted therapy resistance. Citation Format: Tracy T. Tang, Andrei W. Konradi, Ying Feng, Xiao Peng, Sofie Qiao, Leonard Post. Targeting the Hippo-YAP pathway with novel small-molecule inhibitors of the YAP-TEAD transcription activity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2693.
Investigación sobre comunicación en España: evolución y perspectivas (1998)

Visión panorámica de la enseñanza y la investigación realizadas en las distintas regiones españolas. En lo que se refiere a la investigación, se proporciona una lista de las principales bibliotecas y centros de documentación, editoriales y revistas especializadas. Se revisan los diversos campos que existen en la investigación: estructura, política, economía, teoría y sociología de la comunicación, historiade los medios, ética, derecho, comunicación política, educación a través de la imagen, publicidad, marketing y relaciones públicas, tecnología de la información y documentación. Se enumeran los principales investigadores en cada uno de estos campos, juntamente con las autonomías e instituciones en las que trabajan.
Sequence Diversity of Neisseria meningitidis 16S rRNA Genes and Use of 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing as a Molecular Subtyping Tool (2002)

We investigated the diversity of the primary sequences of 16S rRNA genes among Neisseria meningitidis strains (Men) and evaluated the use of this approach as a molecular subtyping tool. We aligned and compared a 1,417-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene from 264 Men strains of serogroups A, B, C, and Y (MenA, MenB, MenC, and MenY, respectively) isolated throughout the world over a 30-year period. Thirty-one positions of difference were found among 49 16S types: differences between types ranged from 1 to 14 positions (0.07 to 0.95%). 16S types and serogroups were highly associated; only 3 out 49 16S types were shared by two or more serogroups. We have identified 16S types that are exclusively associated with strains of certain hypervirulent clones: 16S type 5 with MenA subgroup III, 16S type 4 with the MenB electrophoretic type 5 (ET-5) complex, and 16S types 12 and 13 with MenC of the ET-37 complex. For MenC strains, 16S sequencing provided the highest sensitivity and specificity and the best overall association with the outbreak-related versus sporadic isolates when compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing. We demonstrated for the first time an unexpected diversity among 16S rRNA genes of Men strains, identified 16S types associated with well-defined hypervirulent clones, and showed the potential of this approach to rapidly identify virulent strains associated with outbreaks and/or an increased incidence of sporadic disease.
Phase-Transfer Catalyzed Additions. V1. Addition of N-Diphenylmethylenebenzylamine to α,βUnsaturated Ketones (1987)

Abstract Derivatives of 4-amino-1,3,4-triaryl-1-butanone are prepared by addition of N-diphenylmethylene-benzylamine to chalkones under PTC conditions.