gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Ultrasonic Waves as a Priming Technique for Accelerating and Enhancing the Germination of Barley Seed: Optimization of Method by the Taguchi Approach (2008)

In this study the effects of different intensities and exposure time of ultrasound on barley seed have been investigated to determine the optimal conditions for accelerating germination. For optimization, the Taguchi approach was used. The germination rates and/or yield of the treated sample seed were compared with those of the untreated seed germinated under normal conditions. The seeds were treated with ultrasonic energy (input power 20–90% of 460W) and were exposed to three time periods ranging from 5 to 15 min. It was found that germination of the treated barley seed was increased about 1.042-1.065 times compared with that of the untreated seed. The ultrasonic treatment proved to be efficient in reducing the germination period by 30–45%. It was concluded that priming of seeds with ultrasound was effective in improving water uptake and germination. The data presented in this paper suggest that the increase in final germination percentage, together with the reduced germination period in treated seeds, may be due to the action of ultrasound and that it led to an improved hydration process with concurrent shell fragmentation.
Effect of Hole Spacing on Jet Array Impingement Heat Transfer (2007)

Data which illustrate the effects of hole spacing on the heat transfer from an array of jets impinging on a flat plate are presented. Considered are Reynolds numbers ranging from 8200, to 30500, and Mach numbers from 0.1 to 0.2. The spacing of the holes used to produce the impinging jets is either 8D or 12D in both the streamwise and spanwise directions. Local and spatially-averaged Nusselt numbers show strong dependence on the impingement jet Reynolds number for both situations. Experimental results show that local Nusselt numbers show some dependence on the Mach number for the smaller jet hole spacing, with negligible dependence for the larger jet hole spacing. This is partially a result of the accumulating cross-flows produced by the jets, as well as the interactions of the vortex structures which initially form around the jets, and then impact and interact as they advect away from stagnation points along the impingement target surface. Spatially-averaged Nusselt numbers generally decrease as x/D increases when hole spacing is 8D, whereas Nusselt numbers are generally about constant as x/D increases when hole spacing is 12D. This is partially due to cross-flow effects, as well as behavior of each jet in the array, which is similar to that of a single, isolated jet for the larger hole spacing. Spatially-averaged Nusselt numbers for 8D jet hole spacing are also often higher than values for the 12D jet hole spacing when compared at the same x/D location.
Evoked potential changes during brain retraction in dogs. (1977)

Brain retraction and induced hypotension are surgical adjuncts capable of compromising cerebral blood flow. To evaluate their effects upon brain function, cortical evoked potentials, neurological status and cortical histological changes were determined as a function of graded levels of brain retractor and systemic perfusion pressure in the dog. Somatosensory evoked potentials recorded from the site of application of brain retraction showed a decrement as a function of both the amount of retraction pressure and the systemic perfusion pressure. An electrode distant from the retractor site showed similar, though reduced and more variable changes in amplitude. For higher levels of brain retractor pressure, induced hypotension to 50 mm Hg systemic perfusion pressure produced greater reductions in evoked potentials than in normotensive subjects. It was demonstrated that a reduction of 50% of the evoked potential amplitude after sixty minutes brain retraction signaled, with high probability, the occurrence of postoperative sensory and/or motor deficits and cortical histopathology. It was concluded that cortical evoked potentials represent a reliable indicator of the functional effects produced by applied cortical retraction pressure at several levels of systemic perfusion pressure. It was suggested that the recording of evoked potentials would prove most useful during neurosurgical procedures employing induced hypotension and brain retraction.
Widely tunable two-color mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser with pulse jitter of less than 2 fs (1995)

An improved laser setup for reliable dual-wavelength cross mode locking is reported. We obtain two perfectly synchronized pulse trains that are independently tunable over a wavelength interval as wide as 100 nm and with pulse durations below 30 fs. The pulses are shown to be cross correlated with interferometric accuracy, thus demonstrating an astonishing potential of the nonlinear coupling mechanism.
Finite dose diffusion studies: I. Characterizing cuticular penetration in a model system using NAA and isolated tomato fruit cuticles (2000)

A finite dose diffusion system was employed to study cuticular penetration of 2-(1-naphthyl) [1−14C]acetic acid (NAA) from simulated spray droplets through enzymatically isolated tomato fruit cuticles (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Pik Red). Isolated cuticles were mounted on diffusion half-cells with the cell wall surfaces facing a 20 mM citric acid receiver solution (pH 3.2, volume 2.9 ml, prepared with deionized water). A 5-µl donor droplet containing NAA at 100 µM in 20 mM citric acid buffer (pH 3.2) was applied to the outer surface. Penetration was monitored by repeated sampling of the receiver solution. NAA penetration was characterized by (1) an initial lag phase of about 2.3 h, (2) a phase of nearly constant maximum rate of penetration averaging 6.3% of applied NAA h−1 (equivalent to 0.032 nmol h−1) and (3) a plateau phase approaching an asymptote at 81.2% of applied NAA (equivalent to 0.406 nmol) at 120 h. Within 1 h after application droplets appeared dry on visual inspection. Immediately after droplet drying, 7.0% of the applied NAA was sorbed to the cuticle, but only 0.5% penetrated into the receiver solution, indicating that penetration occurred almost exclusively from the apparently dry deposit. At 120 h, 5.2% of the NAA applied was associated with the deposit and 4.3% with the cuticle. The distribution of maximum rates of penetration was log-normal, but penetration at 120 h followed a normal distribution. Cuticle thickness (estimated 5–25 µm) had no significant effect on NAA penetration. Maximum rates of penetration through pepper fruit and citrus and ficus leaf cuticles were 4.9-, 2.6- and 0.1-times that through tomato fruit cuticles. At 120 h, penetration averaged 85.5, 79.5 and 34.7% for pepper, citrus and ficus cuticles, respectively. Extracting epicuticular and embedded waxes increased NAA penetration rates through tomato fruit cuticle more than three-fold, but had little effect on penetration at 120 h (71.0 vs 87.7% for cuticular vs dewaxed cuticular membranes). The maximum penetration rate and total penetration were found to be useful parameters in describing the penetration time-course. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Uncombable hair and atopic dermatitis in a case of tricho‐dento‐osseous syndrome (2009)

Summary The tricho‐dento‐osseous syndrome is a rare genetic disorder due to a mutation in the DLX3 gene on chromosome 17q21. It can affect hair, teeth, bone and nails, causing phenotypic variability. We report on an 8‐year‐old girl with tricho‐dento‐osseous syndrome, who presented in our allergy center with severe atopic dermatitis. Additional clinical findings included light, kinky hair reminiscent of pili trianguli et canaliculi (uncombable hair), enamel hypoplasia and enlarged pulp chambers of the molar teeth (tau‐rodontism). A genetic investigation revealed a de‐novo mutation in the DLX3 gene on chromosome 17q21. Electron microscopic examination of the curly hair showed a flattened hair shaft with longitudinal grooves.
In vivo T Cell Activation in Lymphoid Tissues is Inhibited in the Oxygen-Poor Microenvironment (2011)

Activation of immune cells is under control of immunological and physiological regulatory mechanisms to ensure adequate destruction of pathogens with the minimum collateral damage to "innocent" bystander cells. The concept of physiological negative regulation of immune response has been advocated based on the finding of the critical immunoregulatory role of extracellular adenosine. Local tissue oxygen tension was proposed to function as one of such physiological regulatory mechanisms of immune responses. In the current study, we utilized in vivo marker of local tissue hypoxia pimonidazole hydrochloride (Hypoxyprobe-1) in the flowcytometric analysis of oxygen levels to which lymphocytes are exposed in vivo. The level of exposure to hypoxia in vivo was low in B cells and the levels increased in the following order: T cells < NKT cells < NK cells. The thymus was more hypoxic than the spleen and lymph nodes, suggesting the variation in the degree of oxygenation among lymphoid organs and cell types in normal mice. Based on in vitro studies, tissue hypoxia has been assumed to be suppressive to T cell activation in vivo, but there was no direct evidence demonstrating that T cells exposed to hypoxic environment in vivo are less activated. We tested whether the state of activation of T cells in vivo changes due to their exposure to hypoxic tissue microenvironments. The parallel analysis of more hypoxic and less hypoxic T cells in the same mouse revealed that the degree of T cell activation was significantly stronger in better-oxygenated T cells. These observations suggest that the extent of T cell activation in vivo is dependent on their localization and is decreased in environment with low oxygen tension.
Glutamatergic Therapy of Huntingtonʼs Chorea (1992)

Preclinical evidence suggests that hypofunction of the glutamatergic subthalamopallidal tract may contribute to the hyperkinesis in Huntington's chorea. The clinical effects of milacemide, a glycine prodrug, were studied in seven patients with Huntington's disease under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions. Oral doses of 1,200 mg/day did not alter chorea or cognitive dysfunction. Specific modulatory effects of glycine on the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors, rather than the AMPA receptors, which may predominate among target neurons of the subthalamus, may explain the therapeutic failure of milacemide.
[A case of dementia with motor neuron disease associated with agraphia--the omission of kana letters]. (2004)

We report a 55-year-old right-handed Japanese man with motor neuron disease and dysgraphia of kana letters. He was admitted to our hospital because of dysarthria and dysphasia. On admission, the results of general physical examination were within normal limits. Neurological examination revealed severe dysarthria, dysphasia, impaired movement of the tongue without fasciculation and slight distal muscle weakness in the bilateral upper limbs. There were no fasciculation of the muscle. Deep tendon reflexes were hyperactive without Babinski's signs. Sensation, coordination, and gait were normal. Neurophysiological studies demonstrated normal motor nerve conduction velocities and sensory action potential. The results of needle electromyography of the upper limbs were compatible with motor neuron disease (MND). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed atrophy of the bilateral temporal region of the brain. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) showed reduced uptake of tracer in the bilateral temporal region. On neuropsychological examination, his behavior was normal, and orientation and intelligence were also preserved, but his speech was severely impaired. Reading comprehension was slightly impaired. In regard to writing comprehension, he had no difficulty in copying of words though dictation was found to be impaired. He omitted one kana letter in a word. Agraphia is accompanied by various factors such as aphasia, dementia, agnosia, alexia. But in this case at least for early stage, agraphia existed without other higher cortical dysfunction. He did not show severe dementia in his early stage of his disease, but developed it later in the disease's progression. In this case, agraphia might be due to the atrophic changes in the temporal lobe.
Combining atomic force microscopy and shear-force acoustic near-field microscopy to characterize confined mesoscopic fluids (2018)

An atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever is integrated into to a quartz tuning fork (QTF) to probe the viscoelastic properties of mesoscopic fluid layers confined between two solid surfaces under shear. Two procedures to fabricate the AFM/QTF probe are described herein. In the first, a nano-manipulator is used to transport a commercially available afm cantilever from its chip holder to the edge of a QTF tine. In the second, an afm cantilever is fabricated at the edge of the QTF tine itself. In both cases we exploit the capabilities of a dual-beam system (focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope), equipped with Omni-Probe nano-manipulator and a Gas Injection System (GIS). The new device improves the ability of shear-force acoustic near-field microscopy (SANM) to monitor the constraining normal and damping shear forces exerted by the solid boundaries, concurrently with the acoustic emission from the trapped fluid.
The interaction of xylosyltransferase and glucuronyltransferase involved in glucuronoxylan synthesis in pea (Pisum sativum) epicotyls (1989)

A particulate enzyme preparation from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum) epicotyls was found to incorporate xylose from UDP-D-xylose into beta-(1----4)-xylan. The ability of this xylan to act as an acceptor for incorporation of [14C]glucuronic acid from UDP-D-[14C]glucuronic acid in a subsequent incubation was very limited, even though glucuronic acid incorporation was greatly prolonged when UDP-D-xylose was present in the same incubation as UDP-D-[14C]glucuronic acid. This indicated that glucuronic acid could not be added to preformed xylan. However, the presence of UDP-D-glucuronic acid inhibited incorporation of [14C]xylose from UDP-D-[14C]xylose into beta-(1----4)-xylan, and neither S-adenosylmethionine nor acetyl-CoA stimulated either the xylosyltransferase or the glucuronyltransferase.
Metabolic engineering of B. subtilis 168 for increased precursor supply and poly-γ-glutamic acid production (2023)

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is an emerging biopolymer produced by several Bacillus species. To improve γ-PGA synthesis, metabolic engineering of the production host B. subtilis poses great potential and is facilitated by the convenient genetical amenability of the organism. In this study, a 3.7-fold increase in γ-PGA production using a bdhA , alsSD , pta , yvmC, and cypX deletion mutant with blocked by-product synthesis pathways was obtained. A detailed analysis of intracellular metabolites for reference strains and the γ-PGA-producing deletion strain identified the accumulation of pyruvate and acetyl-CoA in deletion mutants, highlighting the citrate synthase activity as an important metabolic engineering target for further metabolic flux optimization towards γ-PGA synthesis. An in-depth analysis of growth and γ-PGA production with on-line measurement techniques revealed significant variations across cultivations with deletion mutants that are likely caused by culture acidification due to pyruvate accumulation. Despite the observed acidification, the by-product deletion mutants outperformed the reference strains independent of the promoter controlling the PGA synthetase expression. The constructed deletion strains exhibit high γ-PGA production in minimal medium with glucose as sole carbon source as well as in modified Medium E reaching γ-PGA concentrations of 0.57 gL -1 and 14.46 gL -1 , respectively. The results presented in this work broaden the understanding of the microbial metabolism during γ-PGA production and will be useful to guide future metabolic engineering for improved γ-PGA production.
Sodium Reactor Experiment Pump Development (1957)

Design and operational techniques are described for a freeze seal type centifugal pump for use in the Sodium Reactor Experiment.
Multicenter US Clinical Trial With an Electric-Acoustic Stimulation (EAS) System in Adults: Final Outcomes (2018)

The MED-EL EAS System is a safe and effective treatment option for adults with normal hearing to moderate sensorineural hearing loss in the low frequencies and severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss in the high frequencies who do not benefit from traditional amplification.
Virtual Craniofacial Reconstruction from Computed Tomography Image Sequences Exhibiting Multiple Fractures (2006)

A novel procedure for in-silico (virtual) craniofacial reconstruction of human mandibles with multiple fractures from a sequence of Computed Tomography (CT) images is presented. The problem is formulated as one of combinatorial pattern matching and solved in two stages. First, the opposable fracture surfaces are identified using a maximum weight graph matching algorithm where the fracture surfaces are modeled as the vertices of a weighted graph. The edge weights between pairs of vertices are treated as elements of a score matrix, whose values are a linear combination of (a) the Hausdorff distance, and (b) a score function based on fracture surface characteristics. Second, the pairs of opposable fracture surfaces identified in the first stage are actually registered using the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm enhanced with a graph theoretic improvisation. The correctness of the registration in the second stage is constantly monitored by volumetric matching of the reconstructed mandible with an intact mandible. Experimental results on simulated CT image sequences of broken human mandibles are presented.
Leu-574 of HIF-1α Is Essential for the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-mediated Degradation Pathway (2002)

Oxygen homeostasis is crucial for a myriad of developmental, physiological, and pathophysiological processes. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) plays a pivotal role in response to hypoxia by transcriptionally activating target genes involving oxygen uptake, transport, delivery, and consumption. HIF-1alpha activity is regulated primarily through the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway, which targets the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODD) of HIF-1alpha. In particular, the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein complex, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, binds to the ODD upon hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha Pro-564. Here, we show that in vivo VHL interacts with the N-terminal as well as the C-terminal ODD independently, supporting the notion of functional redundancy within the ODD. Moreover, we demonstrate that Leu-574 of HIF-1alpha is essential for VHL binding to the C-terminal ODD. Despite the presence of Pro-564, deletion or mutation of Leu-574 resulted in a loss of VHL binding and a gain of protein stability. Furthermore, the identification of Leu-574 redefines the N-terminal activation domain of HIF-1alpha to be constitutively active. Taken together, this study provides new insight into the mechanisms underlying VHL-mediated HIF-1alpha degradation and transcriptional activation, and a molecular basis for drug targeting.
Statistical analysis of characteristics variability in bulk MOSFETs at Cryogenic Temperature (2021)

Characteristics variability of bulk MOSFETs was measured at room temperature (RT) and low temperatures (LT) and compared. It is newly found that the DIBL variability increases at LT. It is also found that VTH deference between RT and LT $(\Delta \boldsymbol{V}_{\mathbf{TH}})$ follows the normal distribution. The reasons for these phenomena are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Effects in Asymmetric Catalysis: Hydroformylation of Olefins. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure 1 from SLC45A3-ELK4 Is a Novel and Frequent Erythroblast Transformation–Specific Fusion Transcript in Prostate Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from SLC45A3-ELK4 Is a Novel and Frequent Erythroblast Transformation–Specific Fusion Transcript in Prostate Cancer
Roles of heme oxygenase-1 in curcumin-induced growth inhibition in rat smooth muscle cells (2007)

In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), induction of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) confers vascular protection against cellular proliferation mainly via its up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) that is involved in negative regulation of cellular proliferation. In the present study, we investigated whether the phytochemical curcumin and its metabolite tetrahydrocurcumin could induce HO-1 expression and growth inhibition in rat VSMCs and, if so, whether their antiproliferative effect could be mediated via HO-1 expression. At non-toxic concentrations, curcumin possessing two Michael-reaction acceptors induced HO-1 expression by activating antioxidant response element (ARE) through translocation of the nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus and also inhibited VSMC growth triggered by 5% FBS in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, tetrahydrocurcumin lacking Michael-reaction acceptor showed no effect on HO-1 expression, ARE activation and VSMC growth inhibition. The antiproliferative effect of curcumin in VSMCs was accompanied by the increased expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1). Inhibition of VSMC growth and expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) by curcumin were partially, but not completely, abolished when the cells were co- incubated with the HO inhibitor tin protoporphyrin. In human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), curcumin also inhibited growth triggered by TNF-alpha and increased p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression via HO-1-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that curcumin has an ability to induce HO-1 expression, presumably through Nrf2-dependent ARE activation, in rat VSMCs and HASMCs, and provide evidence that the antiproliferative effect of curcumin is considerably linked to its ability to induce HO-1 expression.
Universal decoding algorithm for binary quadratic residue codes using syndrome-weight determination (2009)

A novel decoding scheme, called syndrome-weight determination, was proposed by Chang et al. in 2008 for the Golay code, or the (23, 12, 7) quadratic residue code. This method is not only very simple in principle but also suitable for parallel hardware design. Presented is a modified version for any binary quadratic residue codes which has been developed. Because of its regular property, the proposed decoder is suitable for both software design and hardware development.