gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TP53 mutations in prostatic cancer. Analysis of pre‐ and post‐treatment archival formalin‐fixed tumour tissue (1995)

The TP53 gene mutation pattern in prostatic cancer was examined in relation to progression and survival, using archival formalin-fixed pre- and post-treatment tumour specimens from 84 prostatic cancer patients. Thirty-four had hormone-sensitive tumours and 50 were hormone-resistant. Six of the 34 (18 per cent) therapy-responding tumours and 19 of the 50 (38 per cent) hormone-resistant tumours showed p53 protein accumulation in the post-treatment specimen. Both pre- and post-treatment specimens from these 25 patients were analysed for mutation of the conserved regions of the TP53 gene (exons 5-8), using constant denaturant gel electrophoresis (CDGE) followed by DNA sequencing. In the post-treatment samples, mutations were detected in three of the six patients with hormone-responsive tumours and in 11 of the 19 patients with hormone-resistant tumours. The three (100 per cent) patients with therapy-responsive tumours with mutations and nine of the 11 (82 per cent) patients with therapy-resistant tumours with mutations died of the disease. Thirteen of the 14 mutations in the post-treatment specimens were transitions, 11 occurring at CpG dinucleotides in which codon 273 was involved in ten. A significantly higher proportion of tumours with mutations were poorly differentiated compared with tumours without mutation (P < 0.04). Our findings indicate that TP53 mutation is a late event in tumour development of the prostate gland and that codon 273 might be a 'hotspot' for mutation in the progression of the disease.
Context-Aware Pervasive Systems (2006)

The concept of aware systems is among the most exciting trends in computing today, fueled by recent developments in pervasive computing, including new computers worn by users, embedded devices, smart appliances, sensors, and varieties of wireless networking technology. Context-Aware Pervasive Systems: The Architecture of a New Breed of Applications introduces a diverse set of application areas and provides blueprints for building context-aware behavior into applications.Reviewing the anatomy of context-aware pervasive applications, this resource covers abstract architecture. It examines mobile services, appliances, smart devices, software agents, electronic communication, sensor networks, security frameworks, and intelligent software agents. The book also discusses the use of context awareness for communication among people, devices, and software agents and how sensors can be aware of their own situations. Exploring the use of physical context for controlling and enhancing security in pervasive computing environments, this guide addresses mirror worlds and elucidates design perspectives based on a declarative programming language paradigm.This carefully paced volume presents a timely and relevant introduction to the emergence of context-aware systems and brings together architectures and principles of context-aware computing in one source.
Pion production from thepd→dπ+nreaction at 585 MeV (1978)

Pion production from the reaction $^{2}\mathrm{H}(p,d{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})n$ was measured in a kinematically complete experiment at an incident proton energy of 585 MeV. The deuteron was detected with a magnetic spectrometer fixed at 35\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The pion was detected at seven angles from 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} lab angle. The data exhibit a broad peak in the deuteron momentum spectrum that decreases in magnitude and shifts to greater momentum with increasing pion angle.[NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{2}\mathrm{H}(p,d{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})n$, $E=585$ MeV; measured $\frac{{d}^{5}\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d{p}_{1}d{\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{1}d{\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{2}}$.]
Burden of disease and clinical targets in adult patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia. A comprehensive review (2021)

Such a multi-systemic lifelong disease would demand that the multidisciplinary approach, successfully experienced in children, could be transitioned to adulthood care with an integration of specialized sub-disciplines to efficiently control musculoskeletal symptoms while optimizing patients' QoL. Overall, it would be desirable that transition to adulthood care could be a responsibility shared by the paediatric and adult XLH teams. Pharmacological management should require an adequate balance between the benefits derived from the treatment itself with complicated and long-term monitoring and the potential risks, as they may differ across age strata.
Chlorine, bromine, iodine, and lead in aerosols from Cambridge, Massachusetts (1966)

Aerosol particles in Cambridge, Massachusetts, were collected by cascade impactor and analyzed for chlorine, bromine, and iodine by neutron activation and for lead electrochemically. The Casella four-stage impactor selected particles of radius greater than about 0.2–0.5 μ, and two sampling sites were chosen on the M.I.T. campus—on the roof of the 90-meter-high Green Center for Earth Sciences and at the curb by a busy street. The ranges 1 to 6 μg Cl/m3 STP and 2 to 10 ng I/m3 STP are in good agreement with observations in unpolluted Hawaii air, but the range 20 to 800 ng Br/m3 STP stands an order of magnitude higher and agrees with observations in Washington, D.C., polluted air. Lead concentrations are 0.1 to 2.2 μg Pb/m3 STP and are strongly correlated with high Br concentrations during hazy weather (low visibility) and/or curb-site sampling. The data suggest that the initial exhaust product is a particulate lead halide which suffers loss of Br in the atmosphere.
Patient-reported frustrations in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) care delivery: Results of a joint European Association of Urology (EAU)/KCCure survey. (2018)

4570 Background: A joint survey was developed by the EAU RCC Guidelines Panel and KCCure, a non-profit patient advocacy group, to ascertain patient perceptions towards adjuvant therapy for RCC (Battle D et al ASCO GU 2018). This survey included open-ended questions pertaining to sources of frustration in cancer-related care, the results of which are summarized herein. Methods: An online survey was conducted from April to June, 2017, publicized through social media and patient networking platforms. The survey obtained basic clinicopathologic, treatment related information, and open-ended questions asking for common sources of frustration in cancer-related care. Patients were also asked how they might reconcile these sources of frustration. Each response was analyzed and categorized into descriptive categories. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to define associations between baseline characteristics and sources of frustration. Results: Among 450 patients with RCC, median age was 56, and 56% were female. The majority was diagnosed with clear cell histology (85%) and most patients had non-metastatic disease (73%). The most common sources of frustration were related to poor communication (20%), lack of confidence in diagnosis (18%), fear of recurrence/progression (14%) and financial issues (9%). Practical sources of frustration (e.g., lack of information, financial issues) were more common among patients with non-clear cell histology (P = 0.05) and older age (P = 0.01). In contrast, emotional sources of frustration (e.g., fear of recurrence/progression) were more common in females (P = 0.001). Patients posited that care could be improved if physicians demonstrated greater compassion (21%), spent more time supplying information (20%) and if they could circumvent financial issues (11%). Conclusions: RCC patients have varied and multiple concerns around care delivery. Based on this findings, practitioners should aim to better inform patients and should be cognizant of psychosocial issues surrounding their care. Certain baseline characteristics (age, gender and histology) can be considered in individualizing care delivery to minimize patient frustration.
Stimulated emission of radiation using spin-population inversion in metals (2013)

The discovery of masers and lasers has led to major breakthroughs in science and technology. Later important developments include compact semiconductor lasers for visible to near-infrared and quantum-cascade lasers for far-infrared to THz radiation.
A randomized prospective controlled trial comparing the laryngeal tube suction disposable and the supreme laryngeal mask airway: the influence of head and neck position on oropharyngeal seal pressure (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02856672 , Unique Protocol ID:BnaiZionMC-16-LG-001, Registered: August 2016.
Spectroscopic study of cataphoresis in He-Cd mixtures: Cd source-anode region (1992)

The results of measurements of the axial distributions of the Cd 479.9 nm, Cd+ 441.6 nm, and He 447.2 nm line intensities as a result of cataphoresis in a He-Cd capillary positive column (3 mm diam) between the Cd source, placed at the cathode side, and the anode are presented. The measurements were carried out using optical scanning along the positive column. The measuring procedure also allowed the Cd atom density distributions along the positive column to be determined. It is found that the He-Cd positive column divides into three regions: the seemingly uniform, blue-colored cadmiumlike discharge region, the whitish transition region, and the orange heliumlike discharge region. The Cd atom density decreases linearly from the Cd source towards the anode in the cadmiumlike discharge region of the positive column. In the transition region the Cd atom density decreases quasiexponentially, extending its tail into the heliumlike discharge region. The very tail of the Cd atom density distribution found in the heliumlike region is perhaps not real. Instead it could be due to misinterpretation of scattered background light for fluorescence light. This ambiguity makes it impossible to draw any definite conclusion about the ability of cataphoresis to confine the Cd vapor at the cathode side of the positive column. It is found that particularly the linear but also the quasiexponential decrease of the Cd atom density, occurring in the He-Cd positive column, are in good agreement with Druyvesteyn’s theory [Physica 2, 255 (1935)]. The slope of the Cd atom density distribution curve in its linear part was found to be proportional to the product of the discharge current and He pressure, whereas in its quasiexponential part it first increases and then saturates with increasing discharge current and He pressure. The results obtained can be used for estimating the so-called cataphoretic confinement section length for the positive column and hollow-cathode discharge He-Cd+ lasers, as well as for other ion He–metal-vapor lasers. The features of cataphoresis in the He-Cd positive column found also seem to be characteristic of cataphoresis in other binary gas mixtures.
Carboxypeptidase-mediated release of methotrexate from methotrexate .alpha.-peptides (1989)

Methotrexate (MTX) alpha-peptides containing representative neutral (alanine), acidic (aspartic acid), and basic (arginine) amino acids were synthesized by a regiospecific route. Purity and authenticity of MTX-Ala, MTX-Asp, and MTX-Arg were established by TLC, HPLC, elemental analysis, and NMR and absorbance spectra. These peptides were hydrolyzed by carboxypeptidases to yield MTX and the amino acids. Reactions were monitored by using a ninhydrin assay for the amino acids and HPLC and spectrophotometric assays for MTX. Pancreatic carboxypeptidase A (CP-A) hydrolyzed MTX-Ala and, at a much slower rate, MTX-Asp and MTX-Arg. MTX-Ala was also a substrate for pancreatic carboxypeptidase B (CP-B); marginal activity was observed with this enzyme and MTX-Arg. Human serum hydrolyzed only MTX-Arg; biphasic inhibition of this activity by 2-(mercaptomethyl)-3-(guanidinoethyl)thiopropionate was consistent with the known presence of two types of endogenous carboxypeptidase (CP-N). Cytotoxicity of the MTX peptides toward L1210 cells in culture was enhanced considerably in the presence of the appropriate carboxypeptidases. MTX-Ala was much less toxic than MTX (ID50 values of 2.0 X 10(-6) M and 2.4 x 10(-8) M, respectively), but in the presence of CP-A the ID50 of the peptide improved to 8.5 X 10(-8) M. Similar results were obtained with MTX-Asp/CP-A and MTX-Ala/CP-B combinations. MTX-Arg showed good cytotoxicity (ID50 of 5.0 X 10(-8) M), due to CP-N activity in the fetal bovine serum of the culture medium; inclusion of CP-B lowered the ID50 to that of MTX. Possible clinical uses of MTX peptides are discussed.
Fermentation of the Brown Seaweed Alaria esculenta by a Lactic Acid Bacteria Consortium able to Utilize Mannitol and Laminari-Oligosaccharides (2023)

The brown seaweed Alaria esculenta is the second most cultivated species in Europe and it is therefore of interest to expand its application in developing food products. In this study, a lactic acid bacteria consortium (LAB consortium) consisting of three Lactiplantabacillus plantarum strains (relative abundance ~ 94%) and a minor amount of a Levilactobacillus brevis strain (relative abundance of ~ 6%) was investigated for its ability to ferment carbohydrates available in brown seaweed. The consortium demonstrated ability in fermenting glucose, mannitol, galactose, mannose, and xylose, of which glucose and mannitol were the most favored substrates; no growth was observed on fucose, mannuronic and guluronic acid. The consortium used different pathways for carbohydrate utilization and produced lactic acid as the main metabolite. In glucose fermentations, only lactic acid was produced, but use of mannitol as carbohydrate source, resulted in co-production of lactic acid, ethanol and succinate. Xylose fermentation resulted in acetate production. The consortium was also able to utilize laminari-oligosaccharides (DP 2-4), obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis of laminarin, and produced lactic acid as metabolite. The consortium could grow directly on A. esculenta, resulting in a pH decrease to 3.8 after 7 days of fermentation. Incubation of the same seaweed at corresponding conditions without inoculation resulted in spoilage of the seaweed by endogenous bacteria.
Effect of deicing agents and sulphate solutions on concrete aggregate (1978)

Summary Concrete durability is adversely affected by deicing agents and sulphate solutions. Sodium chloride and calcium chloride are the commonly used deicing agents—salts thrown on roads and other pavements to help ice melt in winter. Sulphates are common in soils and clays in Britain, Europe, the Middle East, western North America and elsewhere, while chlorides and sulphates are also present in sea-water. Scanning electron micrographs of limestones (used quite commonly as aggregate in concrete) show that the surfaces of limestones scale and disintegrate when soaked in solutions of sodium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium sulphate. The morphology of both calcite and dolomite is changed, but calcite is attacked most rapidly, the progress of the reactions being observed to be controlled by cleavages and grain boundaries; the morphological results depend on the angle between the plane of weakness and the surface. Some limestones show dimensional change during continuous soaking in salt solutions at constant temperature. The adverse effect on concrete durability of deicers and sulphate solutions may thus result from attack on limestone aggregate as well as on cement paste.
Study of benzocyclobutene as optical material at elevated temperatures for high-power laser applications (2000)

There is a growing interest in polymeric diffractive structures for high-power lasers. We have manufactured diffractive structures in benzocyclobutene (BCB). The effects on topography and transmittance at elevated temperatures for structured BCB have been investigated.
Enveloped Virus Labeling via Both Intrinsic Biosynthesis and Metabolic Incorporation of Phospholipids in Host Cells (2013)

An alternative method for labeling fully replicative enveloped viruses was developed, in which both the biosynthesis and metabolic incorporation of phospholipids in host cells were simultaneously utilized to introduce an azide group to the envelope of the vaccinia virus by taking advantage of the host-derived lipid membrane formation mechanism. Such an azide group could be subsequently used to fluorescently label the envelope of the virus via a bioorthogonal reaction. Furthermore, simultaneous dual-labeling of the virus through the virus replication was realized skillfully by coupling this envelope labeling strategy with "replication-intercalation labeling" of viral nucleic acid. For the first time, it is by natural propagation of the virus in its host cells in the presence of fluorophores that simultaneous dual-labeling of living viruses can be mildly realized with high efficiency in facile and mild conditions.
Leptin Functions Peripherally to Regulate Differentiation of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells (2010)

Leptin functions through a well-documented central neuroendocrine pathway to regulate bone mass. However, the ability of leptin to modulate bone mass through a peripheral mechanism has been debated due to conflicting in vitro results and lack of sufficient in vivo models. We utilized mice with LoxP sites introduced into the long-form leptin receptor (ObRb) gene to determine how leptin regulates mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPC) differentiation and osteoblast function in vitro and in vivo. Rapid phosphorylation of Stat3 after leptin treatment of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from mice with conditional deletion of ObRb in macrophages (LysM(Cre+F/F)) confirmed expression of functional leptin receptors by BMSCs. Adenovirus-Cre mediated disruption of ObRb in primary stromal cells decreased mineralization and increased adipogenesis. In contrast, BMSCs harvested from leptin-signaling deficient Ob/Ob or Db/Db mice showed increased mineralization. To determine the physiologic relevance of these differences, mice with cell-specific deletion of ObRb in mesenchymal precursors (3.6(Cre+F/F)) or osteoblasts (2.3(Cre+F/F)) were generated. Although the 2.3(Cre+F/F) mice were grossly normal, the 3.6(Cre+F/F) mice displayed mild obesity that was not attributed to food intake. Femurs of 3.6(Cre+F/F) animals showed a 58%-61.9% increase in trabecular bone volume and a 65.5%-74% increase in bone mineral density. Cortical volume and mineral content were also increased 18%-22%. Primary 3.6(Cre+F/F) BMSCs recapitulated the high mineralization phenotype of Ob/Ob and Db/Db BMSCs. We conclude that leptin may have multiple peripheral roles depending on the differentiation state of MPC. Leptin (a) helps maintain MPCs in an undifferentiated state and (b) promotes mineralization of more differentiated osteoblasts.
Autologous marrow transplantation as consolidation therapy for canine lymphoma: Efficacy and toxicity of various regimens of total body irradiation (1985)

Dogs with malignant lymphoma were given chemotherapy consisting of nitrogen mustard, vincristine sulfate, prednisone, L-asparaginase, and 6-mercaptopurine (MOPA-6) for 14 days. Among 62 dogs that completed treatment with MOPA-6, 47 (76%) had complete remission, and 13 (21%) had partial remission and 2 had no response to chemotherapy. Twenty-two of the 62 dogs were not returned by their owners for additional therapy and died 15 to 391 (median 21) days after MOPA-6 from infections or recurrent disease. A median of 1 month after starting MOPA-6 therapy, 40 dogs (35 in complete remission, 5 in partial remission) were given total body irradiation (TBI), followed by infusion of fresh autologous marrow. Twenty dogs were given 13.5 Gray (Gy) of TBI at 4 centi-Gray (cGy)/min. Among 16 evaluable dogs, 7 had recurrence of lymphoma at a median of 169 days. Two dogs died with veno-occlusive disease of the liver, 3 with pneumonia, 3 with hemorrhage, and 1 was killed. Twenty dogs were given 11.8 to 14.7 Gy of TBI at 2 cGy/min. Among 14 evaluable dogs, 9 had recurrence of lymphoma at a median of 117 days. The remaining 5 dogs were killed at 110 to 680 days; lymphoma was not present at necropsy. The results indicated that doses of TBI of 11.8 to 14.7 Gy did not reduce the recurrence of lymphoma, compared with results obtained in a previous study with 8.4 Gy of TBI. Furthermore, increased doses of TBI increased acute and delayed toxicities. Alternatively, recurrent disease may have been due to lymphoma cells contained in the infused remission marrow.
Nuclear medicine procedures for the evaluation of male sexual organs: a brief review (2008)

Sexuality consists of three aspects that are interrelated and inseparable, biological, physiological and social. The biological aspect considers the individual's capability to give and to receive pleasure. In consequence, it covers the functionality of the sexual organs and the physiology of human sexual response cycle. Diagnostic imaging modalities, such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been used to evaluate clinical disorders of the male reproductive system. PET and SPECT procedures basically involve the administration of a radiopharmaceutical that has a higher uptake in a specific tumor or tissue. The aim of this brief review is to present some radiopharmaceuticals that have been used in the clinical evaluation of the male sexual organs (testes, prostate, seminal vesicles, penis) related with male sexuality. This information could be useful in better understanding the male sexual response cycle, as well as the sexual disorders, when considering the male sexual organs and the pelvic floor. Moreover, the findings obtained with PET and SPECT imaging could help to evaluate the efficacy of clinical results of therapeutic procedures. In conclusion, the knowledge from these images could aid in better understanding the physiology of the different organs related with sexuality. Furthermore, they could be important tools to evaluate the physiological integrity of the involved organs, to improve clinical strategies and to accompany the patients under treatment.
Complete nucleotide sequence of the bovine β‐lactoglobulin gene (1993)

Abstract In this paper we report the complete bovine β‐lactoglobulin gene sequence, consisting of seven exons within a total of 4724 base pairs. The inferred amino acid sequence agrees completely with that determined directly for the ? variant. The bovine β‐lactoglobulin gene sequence shows 89% homology to the corresponding ovine sequence, with complete conservation of gene organization and splice sites, though a significant proportion of CG dinucleotides have been lost since the species diverged. Comparison with the previously reported cDNA sequence reveals a number of nucleotide substitutions in addition to those which distinguish the A and ? variants. Three of these are silent mutations, however it appears that the occurrence in the cDNA sequence of a Val residue at position 105 may represent a new variant provisionally designated β‐lactoglobulin K, derived from β‐lactoglobulin A.
Sextant: A tool to specify and visualize software metrics for Java source-code (2013)

The success of software development efforts typically require guidance derived from a deep understanding of its design space.Well-crafted software metrics can impart invaluable insight into the nature of software and can provide the underpinnings for informed decisions involving design and implementation trade-offs. Leveraging metrics to their full capacity requires (1) the ability to quickly develop custom metrics that are domain-specific and even application specific, and (2) the ability to present metrics-related information in a comprehensible fashion. This paper describes a tool, called Sextant, whose purpose is to achieve the goals stated in the previous paragraph. An overview of Sextant is given followed by two in-depth real-world examples of how the use of metrics can positively impact software development efforts.