gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pro-Inflammatory Chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1) Promotes Healing in Diabetic Wounds by Restoring the Macrophage Response (2014)

Prior studies suggest that the impaired healing seen in diabetic wounds derives from a state of persistent hyper-inflammation characterized by harmful increases in inflammatory leukocytes including macrophages. However, such studies have focused on wounds at later time points (day 10 or older), and very little attention has been given to the dynamics of macrophage responses in diabetic wounds early after injury. Given the importance of macrophages for the process of healing, we studied the dynamics of macrophage response during early and late phases of healing in diabetic wounds. Here, we report that early after injury, the diabetic wound exhibits a significant delay in macrophage infiltration. The delay in the macrophage response in diabetic wounds results from reduced Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) expression. Importantly, one-time treatment with chemoattractant CCL2 significantly stimulated healing in diabetic wounds by restoring the macrophage response. Our data demonstrate that, rather than a hyper-inflammatory state; the early diabetic wound exhibits a paradoxical and damaging decrease in essential macrophage response. Our studies suggest that the restoration of the proper kinetics of macrophage response may be able to jumpstart subsequent healing stages. CCL2 chemokine-based therapy may be an attractive strategy to promote healing in diabetic wounds.
Optimal time delay embedding for nonlinear time series modeling (2003)

When building linear or nonlinear models one is faced with the problem of selecting the best set of variable with which to predict the future dynamics. In nonlinear time series analysis the problem is to select the correct time delays in the time delay embedding. We propose a new technique which can quantify the suitability of a particular set of variables and we suggests a computationally efficient scheme to determine the best non-uniform time delay embedding for modeling of time series. Our results are based on the assumption that, in general, the variables which give the best local constant model will also give the best nonlinear model. In a wide variety of experimental and simulated systems we find that this method produces dynamics that are more realistic and predictions that are more accurate than standard uniform embeddings.
Adaptive-Harmonic Compensation in Residential Distribution Grid by Roof-Top PV Systems (2018)

The single-phase nonlinear loads are going to increase in the future and power quality concerns in the residential distribution grid. Since most of nonlinear loads have a dispersed nature, compensating these phenomena may be complicated. On the other hand, the increased capacity of single-phase grid-connected roof-top PV inverters in residential distribution grid can be an opportunity to engage these systems in the power quality issues as custom power devices. By implementing a proper control for roof-top PV inverters, these systems may in addition to inject the fundamental current, additionally act like a virtual harmonic resistance, and dedicate their additional current capacity to compensate the harmonics of residential distribution grid. In this paper, each roof-top PV system is a grid-harmonic supervisor, where it continually measures the PCC voltage harmonics by the sliding discrete Fourier transform algorithm and then individually compensates the measured harmonics by the proposed adaptive-harmonic compensator. In the proposed approach, a current reference is separately determined for compensating each harmonic component. Then, a specific amount of additional current capacity will be dedicated for each component to compensate by using adaptive gain. Finally, the current reference is controlled by a model predictive current controller. It has been tested in a single-phase transformerless inverter (highly efficient and reliable inverter concept) with an LCL filter at the output. Also, the effectiveness of the control scheme has been verified by MATLAB Simulink and experimental tests.
Efficient conversion of digital documents to multilayer raster formats (2002)

How can we turn the description of a digital (i.e. electronically produced) document into something that is efficient for multi-layer raster formats? It is first shown that a foreground/background segmentation without overlapping foreground components can be more efficient for viewing or printing. Then, a new algorithm that prevents overlaps between foreground components while optimizing both the document quality and compression ratio is derived from the minimum description length (MDL) criterion. This algorithm makes the DjVu compression format significantly, more efficient on electronically produced documents. Comparisons with other formats are provided.
Nitrogen oxide abatement by distributed fuel addition. [Reburning, mixing, effect of concentration of nitrogen] (1991)

Reburning experiments are presented in which the effect of the primary flame mode is examined. The application of reburning downstream of an axial diffusion primary flame without swirl is compared to reburning results in which the primary flame is premixed. The comparison is qualitative and is intended to examine reburning under more realistic conditions of utility boilers, where premixed flames are not common. Experimental results of reburning tests using nitrogen containing reburning fuels (ammonia doped natural gas and coal) are presented. The effect of reburning fuel type and nitrogen content on nitrogenous species profiles in the reburn zone are discussed. The last section is concerned with the applications of the kinetic model to predict overall reburning effectiveness from the primary NO level and to identify configuration for low total fixed nitrogen concentration. The effects of mixing in the early stage of reburning are examined and appropriate corrections are incorporated with the kinetic model to allow the prediction of nitrogenous species concentrations in the region where mixing effects are important. An empirical correlation is used to estimate the conversion of the total fixed nitrogen in the reburn zone to NO in the final stage of reburning. The kinetic model is also applied to the testing of hypothetical fuel-rich configurations to identify kinetic limits that would prevent further reductions in nitrogenous species.
Millimeter-wave harmonic mixing with high T c superconducting materials at room temperature (1990)

Harmonic generation and mixing in the 8∼80 GHz region has been studied in point-contact junctions made with sharply tipped tungsten whisker and sintered polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7−y or single-crystal Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox at room temperature. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of beat notes as a function of harmonic number n is observed up to the tenth order and decreases with a slope of n−5.6 for even harmonic numbers. The dependence of the SNR of the beat note on a dc bias voltage and the current-voltage characteristics have been measured simultaneously and theoretically analyzed using the current-dependent mixing characteristics. The potential barrier and the insulating thickness for YBa2Cu3O7−y are estimated.
The role a brand plays in leadership : leadership (2008)

Leadership has become a brand, along with the trend about branding a product or service. Today it is less about branding a product and more about branding the reputation of the firm's brand. That brand, however, is sustained and enhanced by the firm's leadership brand.
Poststroke subgranular and rostral subventricular zone proliferation in a mouse model of neonatal stroke (2009)

Stroke in the neonatal brain is an understudied cause of neurologic morbidity. Recently we have characterized a new immature mouse model of stroke utilizing unilateral carotid ligation alone to produce infarcts and acute seizures in postnatal day 12 (P12) CD-1 mice. In this study, the amount of poststroke neural progenitor proliferation was examined in the subgranular (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) 7, 14, and 21days after ischemia (DAI). A single IP injection (50 mg/kg) of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) given 2 hr before perfusion fixation labeled newborn cells. Early cell phenotypes were quantified by colabeling with GFAP, nestin, and DCX. Control mice revealed an age-dependent decrease in neural proliferation, with an approximately 50% drop in BrdU-labeled cell counts at P33 compared with P19 both in the SGZ and in the SVZ. Significant reduction in the amount of neural proliferation in the ipsilateral injured SGZ of ligated mice correlated with both the severity of the stroke-injury and the acute seizure scores. Similar correlations were not detected contralaterally. Contralateral SGZ neural proliferation was initially lowered at 7 DAI but normalized by 21 DAI. In both injured and control brains, approximately 90% of newborn SGZ cells colabeled with nestin, approximately 30% colabeled with GFAP, and a few colabeled with DCX. In contrast, poststroke SVZ cell proliferation was enhanced ipsi- more than contralaterally at 7 DAI. In the SVZ, the enhanced neural proliferation normalized to control levels by P33. In conclusion, the neural cell proliferation was differentially altered in the SGZ vs. SVZ after neonatal stroke.
Lyngbyabellin B, a Toxic and Antifungal Secondary Metabolite from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula (2000)

Lyngbyabellin B (1) was isolated from a marine cyanobacterium, Lyngbya majuscula, collected near the Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida. This new cyclic depsipeptide displayed potent toxicity toward brine shrimp and the fungus Candida albicans. The planar structure was deduced using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods, and the stereochemistry is proposed through a combination of NMR and chiral GC/MS analysis.
Formation and Characterization of Monolithic Nanoporous Copper by Chemical Dealloying of Al−Cu Alloys (2009)

Monolithic nanoporous copper (NPC) ribbons can be fabricated through chemical dealloying of melt-spun Al−Cu alloys with 33−50 at % Cu under free corrosion conditions. The microstructure of these NPC ribbons was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results show that the melt-spun Al−Cu alloys with 33−50 at % Cu are composed of one or a combination of Al2Cu and AlCu intermetallic compounds. Both Al2Cu and AlCu can be fully dealloyed, and the synergetic dealloying of Al2Cu and AlCu in the two-phase Al−Cu alloys results in the formation of NPC with a homogeneous porous structure. The NPC ribbons exhibit an open, bicontinuous interpenetrating ligament-channel structure. NPC is a promising high strength/low density material due to its high porosity and yield strength of 86 ± 10 MPa. In addition, bulk NPC rods and slices can also be synthesized using the same strategy. These NPC ribbons, rods, and slices can serve as model materials to investigate the mechanical, physical (for example, electrical resistivity), and chemical properties associated with random porous structure of nanoporous solids.
A New RadMon Version for the LHC<newline/> and its Injection Lines (2014)

A system to monitor the radiation levels is required in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and its injection lines in order to quantify the radiation effects on electronics. Thus, the RadMons were installed in critical areas where equipment is or will be placed. The first years of operation, successive test campaigns and new requirements, raised the need for a new design of the monitor. The architecture of the new RadMon, the radiation reliability and the design strategy adopted for the sensors, used for monitoring the mixed radiation field of the LHC accelerator, are described highlighting the achieved improvements in terms of radiation robustness and measurement accuracy of a device which is of interest for many other research institutes.
The mechano‐gated channel inhibitor GsMTx4 reduces the exercise pressor reflex in decerebrate rats (2015)

Mechanical and metabolic stimuli from contracting muscles evoke reflex increases in blood pressure, heart rate and sympathetic nerve activity. Little is known, however, about the nature of the mechano-gated channels on the thin fibre muscle afferents that contribute to evoke this reflex, termed the exercise pressor reflex. We determined the effect of GsMTx4, an inhibitor of mechano-gated Piezo channels, on the exercise pressor reflex evoked by intermittent contraction of the triceps surae muscles in decerebrated, unanaesthetized rats. GsMTx4 reduced the pressor, cardioaccelerator and renal sympathetic nerve responses to intermittent contraction but did not reduce the pressor responses to femoral arterial injection of compounds that stimulate the metabolically-sensitive thin fibre muscle afferents. Expression levels of Piezo2 channels were greater than Piezo1 channels in rat dorsal root ganglia. Our findings suggest that mechanically-sensitive Piezo proteins contribute to the generation of the mechanical component of the exercise pressor reflex in rats. Mechanical and metabolic stimuli within contracting skeletal muscles evoke reflex autonomic and cardiovascular adjustments. In cats and rats, gadolinium has been used to investigate the role played by the mechanical component of this reflex, termed the exercise pressor reflex. Gadolinium, however, has poor selectivity for mechano-gated channels and exerts multiple off-target effects. We tested the hypothesis that GsMTX4, a more selective mechano-gated channel inhibitor than gadolinium and a particularly potent inhibitor of mechano-gated Piezo channels, reduced the exercise pressor reflex in decerebrate rats. Injection of 10 μg of GsMTx4 into the arterial supply of the hindlimb reduced the peak pressor (control: 24 ± 5, GsMTx4: 12 ± 5 mmHg, P < 0.01), cardioaccelerator and renal sympathetic nerve responses to tendon stretch, a purely mechanical stimulus, but had no effect on the pressor responses to intra-arterial injection of α,β-methylene ATP or lactic acid. Moreover, injection of 10 μg of GsMTx4 into the arterial supply of the hindlimb reduced the peak pressor (control: 24 ± 2, GsMTx4: 14 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.01), cardioaccelerator and renal sympathetic nerve responses to electrically-induced intermittent hindlimb muscle contractions. By contrast, injection of 10 μg of GsMTx4 into the jugular vein had no effect on the pressor, cardioaccelerator, or renal sympathetic nerve responses to contraction. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses indicated that both Piezo1 and Piezo2 channel isoforms were natively expressed in rat dorsal root ganglia tissue. We conclude that GsMTx4 reduced the exercise pressor reflex in decerebrate rats and that the reduction was attributable, at least in part, to its effect on mechano-gated Piezo channels.
Association between traumatic stress load, psychopathology, and cognition in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (2018)

Traumatic stress exposure in community non-psychiatric help-seeking youth is substantial, and is associated with more severe psychopathology and neurocognitive deficits across domains, beyond PTSD and depression.
Machine learning algorithms for improving the dose rate measurement in handheld homeland security instrumentation (2019)

A method is shown to improve the accuracy of dose rate measurements for handheld instrumentation over the range of 50keV to 3MeV. Dose rate estimation in handheld devices is usually done by summing up the channel data of the radiation spectrum. In this sum, weights are applied to correct for the sensitivity of the used detector and allowing for a de-facto calibration of the predicted dose rate. Typically, measurements of handheld radiation detection instruments are calibrated to some very specific source: often Cesium-137, representing a medium energy range. Nevertheless, for sources with significant different line energies e.g. Americium-241 with a strong low energy signature or Cobalt-60 with two prominent photo peaks at higher energies, such instruments have lower accuracy for their dose rate measurement. Based on a dose rate measurement campaign, a dataset of (spectrum, dose rate) pairs was established in a NoSQL database. The associated spectra were measured with 2048 channels and are reduced in size. Then, the database is used to train a combination of autoencoder and a main neural network to predict correction factors for the dose rate depending on the input spectrum. With this approach, the whole relevant energy range is covered and the learning algorithms are compared with respect to their results, not only considering the accuracy but also with respect to evaluation speed and memory footprint. The prediction parts are sparsified and reduced to reasonable trade-off between accuracy, precision and rapid evaluation. Then, they are applied on the real computational platform of the handheld instrument and tested with respect to performance.
Growing mammary choristoma masquerading as a lumbosacral lipomyelomeningocele in a pubertal girl (2011)

The authors report, to the best of their knowledge, the first case of lumbosacral choristoma of breast origin, presenting in a young girl with lumbosacral lipomyelomeningocele. Although choristomas are considered to be benign, the regrowth of this mass when the patient was 15 and 16 years of age, and its involvement in the conus medullaris and cauda equina, warranted 2 additional resections with spinal cordotomy resulting in cessation of any further growth. The authors describe the case and provide a review of pertinent literature and a discussion of the mechanisms involving the development and growth of this lesion.
Algorithms that "Don't See Color" (2022)

Researchers and journalists have repeatedly shown that algorithms commonly used in domains such as credit, employment, healthcare, or criminal justice can have discriminatory effects. Some organizations have tried to mitigate these effects by simply removing sensitive features from an algorithm's inputs. In this paper, we explore the limits of this approach using a unique opportunity. In 2019, Facebook agreed to settle a lawsuit by removing certain sensitive features from inputs of an algorithm that identifies users similar to those provided by an advertiser for ad targeting, making both the modified and unmodified versions of the algorithm available to advertisers. We develop methodologies to measure biases along the lines of gender, age, and race in the audiences created by this modified algorithm, relative to the unmodified one. Our results provide experimental proof that merely removing demographic features from a real-world algorithmic system's inputs can fail to prevent biased outputs. As a result, organizations using algorithms to help mediate access to important life opportunities should consider other approaches to mitigating discriminatory effects.
Kinetics studies of rapid strain-promoted [3 + 2]-cycloadditions of nitrones with biaryl-aza-cyclooctynone (2012)

Strain-promoted cycloadditions of cyclic nitrones with biaryl-aza-cyclooctynone (BARAC) proceed with rate constants up to 47.3 M(-1) s(-1), this corresponds to a 47-fold rate enhancement relative to reaction of BARAC with benzyl azide and a 14-fold enhancement over previously reported strain promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloadditions (SPANC). Studies of the SPANC reaction using the linear free energy relationship defined by the Hammett equation demonstrated that the cycloaddition reaction has a rho value of 0.25 ± 0.04, indicating that reaction is not sensitive to substituents and thus should have broad applicability.
Killer Fabrics for Scalable Datacenters (2010)

Most datacenter networks are based on specialized edge-core topologies, which are costly to build, difficult to maintain and consume too much power. We propose enhancements to layer-two (L2) Ethernet switches to enable multipath L2 routing in scalable datacenters. This replaces an expensive router with commodity switches. Our hash-based routing approach reuses and minimally extends hardware structures in high-volume switches, while exposing a powerful network management inter-face for multipath load balancing, QoS differentiation, and resilience to faults. Simulation results demonstrate near-optimal load balancing for uniform and non-uniform traffic patterns, and effective management of large datacenter networks independent of the number of traffic flows.
Language modeling for mixed language speech recognition using weighted phrase extraction (2013)

To train a code switching language model for mixed language speech recognition, we propose to assign weights to the sentence pairs in the parallel text data. The code switching language model which is composed of the code switching boundary prediction model, code switching translation model and reconstruction model is incorporated with a language for mixed language speech recognition. The code switching translation model which is trained using selected subsets of the sentence pairs in the parallel text data allows the decoder to make the decision whether a phrase is in the matrix language or in the embedded language. Moreover, we propose a weighting procedure while training the code switching translation model. We evaluate our methods on Mandarin-English code switching lecture speech and lunch conversations. Our proposed method reduces word error rate by a statistically significant 1.74% on the lecture speech, and by 1.29% on the lunch conversation over the conventional interpolated language model.
Experimental validation of novel genes predicted in the un-annotated regions of the Arabidopsis genome (2007)

We have investigated the accuracy of the Twinscan and EuGene gene prediction programs and found them to be reliable predictors of gene structure in Arabidopsis. Several hundred previously un-annotated genes were validated by this work. Based upon this information derived from these efforts it is likely that the Arabidopsis genome annotation continues to overlook several hundred protein coding genes.
Innate Immune System Activation, Inflammation and Corneal Wound Healing (2022)

Corneal wounds resulting from injury, surgeries, or other intrusions not only cause pain, but also can predispose an individual to infection. While some inflammation may be beneficial to protect against microbial infection of wounds, the inflammatory process, if excessive, may delay corneal wound healing. An examination of the literature on the effect of inflammation on corneal wound healing suggests that manipulations that result in reductions in severe or chronic inflammation lead to better outcomes in terms of corneal clarity, thickness, and healing. However, some acute inflammation is necessary to allow efficient bacterial and fungal clearance and prevent corneal infection. This inflammation can be triggered by microbial components that activate the innate immune system through toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways. In particular, TLR2 and TLR4 activation leads to pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) activation. Similarly, endogenous molecules released from disrupted cells, known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), can also activate TLR2, TLR4 and NFκB, with the resultant inflammation worsening the outcome of corneal wound healing. In sterile keratitis without infection, inflammation can occur though TLRs to impact corneal wound healing and reduce corneal transparency. This review demonstrates the need for acute inflammation to prevent pathogenic infiltration, while supporting the idea that a reduction in chronic and/or excessive inflammation will allow for improved wound healing.
Prevention of Air Embolism During Transthoracic Biopsy of the Lung (2017)

Prevention of Air Embolism During Transthoracic Biopsy of the LungFlorian J. Fintelmann1, Amita Sharma1 and Joanne O. Shepard1Audio Available | Share