gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resolution and Characterization in Optical Diffusion Tomography (2000)

Objects hidden in human tissue can be imaged using optical diffusion tomography. Here we demonstrate that high modulation frequencies lead to better spatial resolution for the measured data in comparison to the data with low modulation frequencies, whereas the converse is true for postprocessed images. Furthermore, based on the turbid-media version of diffraction tomography, we can also characterize the hidden object using low-frequency (or DC) data measured in a planar geometry.
P‐10: CMOS‐Like Ambipolar Organic/Inorganic TFTs for AMLCD and AMOLED Applications (2009)

Abstract Air‐stable ambipolar thin‐film transistors (TFTs) based on double active layer of pentacene / a‐IGZO (amorphous In 2 O 3‐ Ga 2 O 3‐ ZnO) have been fabricated on SiO 2 /p‐Si substrates. The a‐IGZO exhibits n‐channel behavior, while pentacene presents p‐channel characteristics. Most n‐type organic materials are easily affected by moisture and oxygen, thus the measurement of ambipolar devices in ambience air is difficult. However, a‐IGZO not only has outstanding mobility but also has good stability while being measured in ambient air. In our work, a CMOS‐like inverter was constructed by using two identical ambipolar transistors and the voltage gain up to 70 was obtained. The inverter can be operated in both the first and the third quadrants simplifying circuit design for AMFPD applications.
Singular Value Decomposition and Pseudo-Inverses (1977)

The singular value decomposition was probably first introduced by J. W. Gibbs and pseudo-inverses probably by E. H. Moore. The importance of these concepts in numerical algebra (in particular in statistical applications) has been emphasized notably by I. J. Good and by G. H. Golub. There are many ways of defining these objects, and we choose one of those appropriate in the present context.
Pattern and Trigger of Fruit Self-thinning in Japanese Pears (2020)

In fruit production, fruit thinning is required to maximize fruit quality and to protect the mother trees. However, thinning is troublesome and laborious work. Fruit self-thinning is the spontaneous elimination of pollinated flowers or fruits within a week to a month after pollination. Since the fruit self-thinning trait has the potential to improve fruit trees, a number of studies using fruit crops such as apple, orange, and tomato have been conducted to clarify the underlying mechanisms. The Japanese pear accession 'Chojuro' and its descendants 'Niitaka', 162-29, and 'Akiakari' have this trait. To identify the pattern and trigger of thinning in the accessions, we pollinated all flowers on the flowering day and recorded the numbers of retained and abscised fruits and the order of flowering in the cluster. The number of retained flowers/fruits in a cluster was widely variable in 'Chojuro' and 'Niitaka', but was uniform at 3 to 6 fruits per cluster in 162-29 and 'Akiakari'. In 162-29 and 'Akiakari', the earlier the flower opened, the more likely it was to be retained in the cluster, similar to previous observations in apple. In contrast, 'Chojuro' and 'Niitaka' fruits abscised independently of the flowering order. Therefore, the pattern of fruit self-thinning in pear depends on the accession. To identify the trigger for fruit self-thinning, we analyzed changes in the levels of endogenous auxins and abscisic acid. The results implicate auxin and, to a lesser extent, abscisic acid in fruit self-thinning. Retained fruits showed temperature-dependent transient auxin accumulation, which may trigger self-thinning in pear.
Preparation and characterization of gel propellants and simulants (2001)

Energetic gels were selected, prepared, characterized and tested for their feasibility as candidates for rocket propulsion and other gas generation systems. For fuel gellation both organic and inorganic gellants were considered. Oxidizers were gelled using inorganic gellants. In addition, gelled propellant simulants were selected and prepared to represent the relevant rheological properties of the actual fuels and oxidizers, and to aid the development of the necessary handling infrastructure for gels. The program for propellant gels and gel simulants characterization, classification, and matching in support of the prospective applications of energetic gels is also described. A capability was demonstrated to prepare gel fuels and oxidizers Theologically matched to each other as well as inert simulant gels matched to propellant gels.
In situ and in vitro evidence for intragenic binding of nuclear factors at the murine c-myc locus. (1989)

A block to transcriptional elongation within the c-myc proto-oncogene has been previously observed in a large number of different mouse and human cell types and its release is a potentially important element in the pathogenesis of some malignancies. We show here that the chromatin around the mouse c-myc exon 1-intron 1 boundary is differentially accessible to restriction enzymes in purified nuclei. Using a combination of in situ exonuclease III protection assay with in vitro footprints and gel band shifts, we have shown the existence of a stable nucleoprotein complex in this same region in mouse erythroleukemia cell nuclei. This situation is not peculiar to these cells and we have shown that the accessibility of the two BglII sites present at the beginning of intron 1 seems to depend not only upon the transcriptional state, but also upon the structural integrity of the gene.
History of instrumentation for stabilization of the subaxial cervical spine (2004)

In the past several decades methods have been developed to stabilize the subaxial cervical spine both posteriorly and anteriorly. Methods of posterior stabilization have progressed from interspinous wiring, through facet wiring and sublaminar wiring, to the lateral mass screws with plates and rods that are in use today. Plates for anterior stabilization have evolved from rigid plates requiring bicortical screws through those used with unicortical locking screws, to dynamic load-sharing plates used with variable angle screws. The original description of spinous process wiring was published by Hadra in 1891. In 1942 Rogers described the interspinous wiring method used for trauma-induced cervical instability, which was modified by Bohlman in 1985 (triple wiring technique). Luque rods with sublaminar wires were introduced in the late 1970s to address multilevel and occipitocervical instability. Facet wiring was developed in 1977 by Callahan to address the problem of stabilization when laminae are not present. Wiring remained the method used until Roy-Camille introduced the lateral mass screw-plate construct in the 1980s. The first plate for anterior stabilization was designed by Orozco and Llovet in 1970 and was later refined by Caspar; this was a rigid plate with bicortical screws. Morscher devised unicortical locking screws in the 1980s. The latest concept of dynamic load-sharing plates with variable angle screws was developed in 2000. In this article historical landmarks in surgical methods for the stabilization of the subaxial cervical spine are reviewed.
Audio-visual person verification (1999)

In this paper we investigate benefits of classifier combination (fusion) for a multimodal system for personal identity verification. The system uses frontal face images and speech. We show that a sophisticated fusion strategy enables the system to outperform its facial and vocal modules when taken seperately. We show that both trained linear weighted schemes and fusion by Support Vector Machine classifier leads to a significant reduction of total error rates. The complete system is tested on data from a publicly available audio-visual database (XM2VTS, 295 subjects) according to a published protocol.
Short RNAs in Tomato (2010)

Short RNAs are 20-24 nucleotide long non-coding RNA molecules generated by one of the Dicer-like enzymes. They recognize specific RNA or DNA sequences and guide the RNA silencing complex to their targets leading to post-transcriptional or transcriptional gene silencing of the target. Most of our knowledge about short RNAs comes from studying the model species Arabidopsis. Recently, however, several reports emerged about short RNAs in tomato, which is a model plant for fleshy fruit development and ripening. Tomato short RNAs have been sequenced and a database was established. Novel non-conserved microRNAs were found that showed differential expression between fruit and other tissues, even during fruit development, suggesting that they may play a role in fruit formation. Several target genes were predicted and validated for both conserved and non-conserved miRNAs and some of these targets are key players in fruit ripening, such as Colourless non-ripening. The present study reviews the current state of tomato short RNAs research and suggests future directions.
Optimal distribution of knots for tensor-product spline approximation (1991)

This paper deals with optimal asymptotic distribution of knots for various types of spline approximations.
Identification of a CD4 homologue in the cat (1990)

Monoclonal antibody, Fel 7, produced against cat T cells, was found to react with a single-chain glycoprotein of Mr 65,000 present on a majority of the thymocytes, 40% of lymph node cells, 15% of splenocytes and 25% of blood mononuclear cells. Using a previously reported antibody that recognizes the feline CD8 antigen, approximately 65% of cat thymocytes were shown to express both the Fel 7 and fCD8 antigens, while 14% and 6% expressed either the Fel 7 or the fCD8 determinant respectively. The Fel 7 and fCD8 antigens were expressed by mutually-exclusive subpopulations of peripheral T cells, and not by B cells, macrophages or other types of blood cells. Expression of the Fel 7 antigen was down-regulated and the molecule was phosphorylated when T cells were stimulated with phorbol ester, while the expression of the fCD8 antigen was unaffected by this treatment. The addition of soluble Fel 7 antibodies efficiently blocked Con A-induced proliferation of T cells in a dose-dependent manner. The data suggest that the mAb Fel 7 identifies a feline CD4 homologue, providing an important reagent for the study of normal and abnormal T cell development in cats.
A method for determining average beach slope and beach slope variability for U.S. sandy coastlines (2015)

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Assessment of Hurricane-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards compares measurements of beach morphology with storm-induced total water levels to produce forecasts of coastal change for storms impacting the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coastlines of the United States. The wave-induced water level component (wave setup and swash) is estimated by using modeled offshore wave height and period and measured beach slope (from dune toe to shoreline) through the empirical parameterization of Stockdon and others (2006). Spatial and temporal variability in beach slope leads to corresponding variability in predicted wave setup and swash. For instance, seasonal and storm-induced changes in beach slope can lead to differences on the order of 1 meter (m) in wave-induced water level elevation, making accurate specification of this parameter and its associated uncertainty essential to skillful forecasts of coastal change. A method for calculating spatially and temporally averaged beach slopes is presented here along with a method for determining total uncertainty for each 200-m alongshore section of coastline.
Modelling of nutrient bioaccessibility in almond seeds based on the fracture properties of their cell walls (2014)

The cell walls (dietary fibre) of edible plants, which consist of mainly non-starch polysaccharides, play an important role in regulating nutrient bioaccessibility (release) during digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies have shown that structurally-intact cell walls hinder lipid release from the parenchyma cells of almond seeds. A theoretical model was developed to predict the bioaccessibility of lipid using simple geometry and data on cell dimensions and particle size for calculating the number of ruptured cells in cut almond cubes. Cubes (2 mm) and finely-ground flour of low and high lipid bioaccessibility, respectively, were prepared from almond cotyledons. The model predictions were compared with data from in vitro gastric and duodenal digestion of almond cubes and flour. The model showed that lipid bioaccessibility is highly dependent on particle size and cell diameter. Only a modified version of the model (the Extended Theoretical Model, ETM), in which the cells at the edges and corners were counted once only, was acceptable for the full range of particle sizes. Lipid release values predicted from the ETM were 5.7% for almond cubes and 42% for almond flour. In vitro digestion of cubes and flour showed that lipid released from ruptured cells was available for hydrolysis and resulted in lipid losses of 9.9 and 39.3%, respectively. The ETM shows considerable potential for predicting lipid release in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Further work is warranted to evaluate the efficacy of this model to accurately predict nutrient bioaccessibility in a broad range of edible plants.
Deep learning segmentation of wood fiber bundles in fiberboards (2022)

Natural fiber composites and fiberboards are essential components of a sustainable economy, making use of bio-sourced, and also recycled materials. These composites’ structure is often complex, and their mechanical behavior is not yet fully understood. A major barrier in comprehending them is the ability to identify the fibers in situ, i.e. embedded in complex fibrous networks such as medium-density fiberboards (MDF). To that end, the first step is to separate individual wood fibers from fiber bundles. Modern material studies on real world, dense fibrous materials using X-ray microtomography and 3D image analysis were always limited in accuracy. However, recent machine learning techniques and particularly deep learning may help to overcome this challenge. In this work, we compare existing segmentation algorithms with the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We explain the need for network complexity, and demonstrate that our best algorithm, based on the UNet3D architecture, reaches unprecedented accuracy. Moreover, it achieves the first segmentation sufficiently qualitative to extract morphometric measurements of the fiber bundles and accurately estimate their density. Among other applications, the proposed method thus enables the design of more realistic material models of MDF, and is a milestone towards the understanding and improvement of this wood-based product.
Interactive three-dimensional ultrasound using a programmable multimedia processor (1998)

We developed an interactive three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) workstation that is inexpensive and suitable for use in research and clinical environments. Our personal computer–based system produces 3D volumes by acquiring a series of 2D images from a commercial ultrasound scanner, spatially registering the images using an electromagnetic position sensor, and reconstructing the data into a regular 3D Cartesian volume. The 3D US system uses an imaging board based on the Texas Instruments TMS320C80 Multimedia Video Processor (MVP), a fully programmable mediaprocessor that includes multiple processing units on a single chip. We developed efficient volume reconstruction and visualization algorithms for the MVP that allow our 3D US system to provide the same immediate feedback as current 2D US technologies with the added advantage of presenting information in three dimensions. For example, for acquired sequences of 512 × 512 US images, volumes can be reconstructed using six degree-of-freedom position measurements at 11.4 frames/s. A modified reconstruction algorithm that performs incremental reconstruction was developed to enable real-time volume reconstruction and visualization during acquisition and operates at 12.5 frames/s. US volumes can be rendered via shear-warp factorization and maximum intensity projection (MIP) at 10 frames/s for 128 × 128 × 128 volumes and 1.45 frames/s for 255 × 255 × 255 volumes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 9: 442–454, 1998
Analysis of post-buckling of higher-order graphene oxide reinforced concrete plates with geometrical imperfection (2020)

The present article deals with post-buckling of geometrically imperfect concrete plates reinforced by graphene oxide powder (GOP) based on general higher order plate model. GOP distributions are considered as uniform and linear models. Utilizing a shear deformable plate model having five field components, it is feasible to verify transverse shear impacts with no inclusion of correction factor. The nonlinear governing equations have been solved via an analytical trend for deriving postbuckling load-deflection relations of the GOP-reinforced plate. Derived findings demonstrate the significance of GOP distributions, geometric imperfectness, foundation factors, material compositions and geometrical factors on post-buckling properties of reinforced concrete plates.
Smoothed ANOVA Modeling (2016)

Smoothed analysis of variance, usually known as SANOVA, was proposed in diﬀerent forms with diﬀerent goals by Nobile and Green [1], Gelman [2], and Hodges et al. [3]. This chapter builds on the latter, which proposed a method for smoothing eﬀects in balanced ANOVAs having a single error term, that is, without random eﬀects as understood by, for example, Scheﬀe´ [4]. Zhang et al. [5] applied this approach to multivariate disease mapping as aT&F Cat #K23899 — K23899 C032 — page 595 — 2/17/2016 — 20:29T&F Cat #K23899 — K23899 C032 — page 596 — 2/17/2016 — 20:29ofsimpler alternative to the intrinsic multivariate conditional autoregressive (MCAR) distribution, often used to analyze multivariate areal data (Section 1 of Zhang et al. [5] gives citations to pertinent MCAR literature). This application of SANOVA used speciﬁc known linear combinations of the diseases under study, presumably with particular meanings, to structure the covariance among diseases, which in most multivariate analyses is usually assumed to be unknown and unstructured [6, 7]. More recently Mar´ı-Dell’Olmo et al. [8] proposed a reformulation of SANOVA for disease mapping that is simpler to implement and allows extensions such as multivariate ecological regression and spatiotemporal modeling.
Ventrally Located Cervical Intramedullary Cavernous Angioma: Selection of Posterior and Anterior Approaches -Case Report- (2009)

A 41-year-old woman presented with a rare cervical intramedullary cavernous angioma manifesting as acute paralysis in her left upper extremity. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed hematomyelia. Laminectomy (C2-C7) was performed, followed by posterior midline myelotomy and removal of the intramedullary hematoma and the tumor. She showed marked improvement after the surgery. However, 3 years and 10 months later the patient showed slight intramedullary bleeding located ventrally at the same level. Anterior approach with corpectomy was performed. Complete removal of the tumor was attained and salvage surgery was performed. Postoperative stabilization was achieved with excellent clinical outcome. The anterior approach is useful method as a salvage surgery for ventrally located cavernous angioma.
Joint optimization for machine translation system combination (2009)

System combination has emerged as a powerful method for machine translation (MT). This paper pursues a joint optimization strategy for combining outputs from multiple MT systems, where word alignment, ordering, and lexical selection decisions are made jointly according to a set of feature functions combined in a single log-linear model. The decoding algorithm is described in detail and a set of new features that support this joint decoding approach is proposed. The approach is evaluated in comparison to state-of-the-art confusion-network-based system combination methods using equivalent features and shown to outperform them significantly.
High- Al O Gate Dielectrics Prepared by Oxidation of Aluminum Film in Nitric Acid Followed by (2004)

A simple, cost-effective, and room temperature process was proposed to prepare high- gate dielectrics. An aluminum oxide (Al O ) gate dielectric was prepared by oxidation of ultrathin Al film in nitric acid (HNO ) at room temperature then followed by high-temperature annealing in O or N. The substrate injection current behavior and interface trap-induced capacitance were introduced to investigate the interfacial property between the gate dielectric and Si substrate. Al O gate dielectric MOS capacitors with and without initial SiO layers were characterized. It was shown that the Al O gate dielectrics with initial oxide exhibit better electrical properties than those without. The 650 C N -POA Al O -SiO sample with an equivalent oxide thickness of 18 exhibits three orders of magnitude reduction in gate leakage current in comparison with the conventional thermal SiO sample. Index Terms—Al O , high- gate dielectrics, MOS capacitor, nitric acid oxidation.
Effect of nonexcitonic interactions among the paired molecules on the Qy transition of bacteriochlorophyll dimers. Applications to the primary electron donors P-860 and P-960 in bacterial reaction centers (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of nonexcitonic interactions among the paired molecules on the Qy transition of bacteriochlorophyll dimers. Applications to the primary electron donors P-860 and P-960 in bacterial reaction centersV. Rosenbach-Belkin, J. R. E. Fisher, and A. ScherzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2, 676–678Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00002a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00002a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Smart fluorescent probes for imaging macrophage activity (2016)

Macrophages are multi-functional immune cells with key roles in host defense and tissue remodelling. The broad array of macrophage functions has prompted the development of very diverse smart fluorescent architectures, rationally designed to elicit a fluorescent signal only after target engagement. This tutorial review covers recent advances in the design, synthesis and application of smart fluorescent probes for imaging macrophage cellular activity, ranging from small fluorophores to peptide-based probes with internally quenched fluorescent pairs or activity-based reactive groups.
Nitration of methyl-3-hydroxy- and 5-methyl-3-hydroxy-thiophene-2-carboxylate, and some chemistry of the products (2001)

The nitration of methyl-3-hydroxythiophene-2-carboxylate furnishes two products, the lower melting of which was previously thought to be the 4- (3) and the other the 5-isomer (2); these assignments have been reversed on the basis of carbon-13 NMR. data and the revised structures have been confirmed both by O to N acyl migrations and by the preparation of the first examples (20) and (23) of the thieno[3,4-b][1,4]oxazine ring system from derivatives of the 4-nitro isomer.