gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ammonia and salinity tolerance of Penaeus monodon across eight breeding families (2016)

Ammonia nitrogen and salinity tolerance of Penaeus monodon from eight selected breeding families were evaluated at the concentration of 67.65 mg L(-1) ammonia-N and reducing salinity from 15 to 0 ‰. The final survival of family A (88.67 ± 9.81 %) was highest, and the final survival of family B was lowest (24.33 ± 14.01 %) after the ammonia tolerance test. Upon completing the sudden drop salinity test from 15 to 0 ‰, the highest survival was observed in family B (98.00 ± 1.73 %), and the lowest survival was found in family H (18.00 ± 1.73 %). Family A showed the strongest ability to tolerate ammonia stress, and family B showed the strongest tolerance to low salinity. This study suggests that the tolerance of salinity and ammonia nitrogen varied between breeding families. Results from the present study provide useful information towards selective breeding in shrimp in aquaculture for environmental tolerance.
Evaluación de competencias matemáticas: Proyecto PISA/OCDE 2003 (2004)

Las ideas que aqui se presentan son un resumen e interpretacion de las publicadas en el capitulo Mathematics Literacy, incluido en el documento editado en 2003 por la OCDE The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework y aparecen en el documento Aproximacion a un modelo de evaluacion: el proyecto PISA 2000, que ha sido publicado por el Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deportes.
Metal–Organic Framework Materials with Ultrahigh Surface Areas: Is the Sky the Limit? (2012)

We have synthesized, characterized, and computationally simulated/validated the behavior of two new metal-organic framework (MOF) materials displaying the highest experimental Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas of any porous materials reported to date (~7000 m(2)/g). Key to evacuating the initially solvent-filled materials without pore collapse, and thereby accessing the ultrahigh areas, is the use of a supercritical CO(2) activation technique. Additionally, we demonstrate computationally that by shifting from phenyl groups to "space efficient" acetylene moieties as linker expansion units, the hypothetical maximum surface area for a MOF material is substantially greater than previously envisioned (~14600 m(2)/g (or greater) versus ~10500 m(2)/g).
Erk and PI-3 kinase are necessary for collagen binding and actin reorganization in corneal epithelia. (2000)

The MEK-1 inhibitor PD98059 decreased erk-1 and -2 phosphorylation and blocked actin reorganization in a dose-dependent manner. The PI-3 kinase 85-kDa subunit was decreased 25% in LY294002-treated tissue, and collagen binding also decreased significantly in tissues treated with MEK-1 and PI-3 kinase inhibitors compared with control tissues. In addition, both inhibitors blocked actin cortical mat reorganization. CONCLUSIONS; PI-3 kinase and erk-1 and -2 signaling pathways are activated and necessary for collagen binding and integrin-mediated actin reorganization in embryonic avian corneal epithelium.
Handoff decision making in 3-tier heterogeneous cellular networks (2013)

This paper studies the problem of handoff decision making in 3-tier heterogeneous networks which consist of one macrocell and numerous small cells and femtocells. This study shows that the decision making of whether a user equipment (UE) switches to a small cell or femtocell is highly related to the UE velocity when it approaches the boundary between the macrocell and small cell or between the macrocell and femtocell. To avoid a UE with high speed switches to a small cell or femtocell for getting better signal strength but will be enforced to switch back to the macrocell soon caused by his/her high moving speed, this paper investigates a ratio of handoff processing time to a cell to the expected resident time in a cell as the criterion for the UE handoff among these cells (e.g., small cells, and femtocells). Numerical results show that the inappropriate handoff probability of the proposed scheme is lower than that of without considering the UE velocity when the moving speed is high (e.g., the speed is higher than 100 km/hr).
Polyfunctional Thiols in Fresh and Aged Belgian Special Beers: Fate of Hop S -Cysteine Conjugates (2015)

Odorant polyfunctional thiols such as 4-sulfanyl-4-methylpentan-2-one, 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (3SHol), and 3-sulfanyl-3-methylbutan-1ol (3S3MBol) were shown to be strongly degraded in Belgian special beers after 1 year of aging. Yet, during the first 3 months, they also appeared to be synthesized in the bottle, even in the absence of yeast. Fresh filtered lager beer was spiked with nonvolatile S-cysteine conjugates of 3SHol, 3S3MBol, and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-thiol (MBT) before aging (1 to 3 months at 20°C or 5 days at 40 or 60°C). Thiol-specific para-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid extracts were analyzed by a GC-pulsed flame photometric detector, and HPLC-electrospray ionization/MS/MS was used to quantify the undegraded cysteinylated precursors. S-Cysteine conjugates were chemically degraded in the beer, releasing their corresponding thiols. The conversions were low (<1%) but could explain the trace amounts of 3SHol and 3S3MBol produced in beer during the first months of storage. On the other hand, chemical degradation of Cys-MBT in beer (although reaching up to 33%) proved not to be efficient enough to release significant amounts of the skunky off-flavor. In this case, photooxidative degradation of isohumulone most probably remains the major synthesis pathway. Complementary analyses are now needed to determine how other beer constituents, such as dicarbonyls, might participate in cysteine adduct degradation.
Thermal Quenching of Luminescence in a Disordered Compound: EuNa2Mg2 (  VO 4 ) 3 (1980)

Luminescence of is six times as bright as that of under 365 nm light excitation at room temperature, but it suffers from thermal quenching at higher temperatures. The quenching is mainly caused by non‐radiative relaxation from the emitting states. Energy diffusion among the lowest excited states, , to sinks is a main reason of relatively weak quenching below 500°K. At higher temperatures, drastic quenching due to nonradiative relaxation within each Eu3+ ion is observed. Disordered distribution of Eu3+and Na+ revealed by optical and powder x‐ray diffraction measurements is considered to induce the thermal quenching. Similar strong quenching beginning at around 500°–600°K is observed also for other disordered compounds, and .
Multi-plate interceptive electron beam energy diagnostic—Implementation and validation (2018)

A previous publication [P. D. McChesney, “Multi-plate interceptive electron beam energy diagnostic—Theoretical design,” AIP Adv. (submitted)] reported a new interceptive electron beam kinetic energy measurement technique based on the beam penetration depth within a stack of conductive plates and gave results on the theoretical design of such a device. This paper expands on this and gives further results on the actual implementation of the diagnostic. The device geometry and measurement electronics system are described in detail. A prototype version of the multi-plate diagnostic was fabricated and tested using an electron linear accelerator at the Idaho Accelerator Center (IAC). A high-precision magnetic spectrometer system was designed and built for the purpose of validating the multi-plate diagnostic’s energy measurement capabilities. It was found that the diagnostic provides electron beam energy estimates that are accurate to better than the 10% level.
Effects of aluminum substitution on the structure and electric properties of langasite family crystals (2015)

The effects of aluminum substitution on the structure and electric properties of langasite (La 3 Ga 5 SiO 14 ) family crystals are reported. The maximum Al content x of La 3 Ga 5‐x Al x SiO 14 (LGAS), La 3 Nb 0.5 Ga 5.5‐x Al x O 14 (LNGA), and La 3 Ta 0.5 Ga 5.5‐x Al x O 14 (LTGA) crystals grown by the conventional Czochralski technique are x = 0.9, 0.2, and 0.5, respectively. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis reveals that Al atoms are distributed in all cation sites except for the decahedral one occupied by La, rather than favoring the smallest tetrahedral sites. The electrical properties of the Al‐substituted crystals were also compared with those of pure ones. Al substitution was found to affect the piezoelectric constant d 14 , but not d 11 . The LGAS and LTGA crystals exhibit higher electric resistivity ρ as a result of Al substitution. Among the Al‐substituted and pure crystals, the LTGA crystal featured the lowest temperature dependence of d 11 and highest ρ , making it the most suitable of the group for high‐temperature piezoelectric applications.
Sacituzumab govitecan, an antibody‐drug conjugate targeting trophoblast cell‐surface antigen 2, shows cytotoxic activity against poorly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinomas in vitro and in vivo (2019)

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) sacituzumab govitecan (SG) targets trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2 (Trop-2) - a cell-surface glycoprotein highly expressed in many epithelial tumors - and delivers the active metabolite of irinotecan SN-38 to Trop-2-positive tumor cells. We evaluated Trop-2 expression in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EC) tissues and the activity of SG against primary poorly differentiated EC cell lines and xenografts. Trop-2 expression was assessed in 143 formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded tumors and seven primary tumor cell lines by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell viability of primary tumor cell lines was assessed following exposure to SG, or control antibodies. Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) against Trop-2-positive and Trop-2-negative EC cell lines was measured in vitro using 4-h chromium release assays. A Trop-2-positive EC xenograft model was used to determine the in vivo activity of SG. Moderate-to-strong staining was detected in 84% (120/143) of EC samples, whereas 43% (3/7) of the primary EC cell lines tested overexpressed Trop-2. EC cell lines overexpressing Trop-2 were significantly more sensitive to SG compared to control ADC (P = 0.014 and P = 0.005). Both SG and the unconjugated parental antibody hRS7 mediated high ADCC against Trop-2-positive cell lines. Moreover, SG induced significant bystander killing of Trop-2-negative tumors cocultured with Trop-2-positive tumors. In the xenograft model, intravenous administration of SG twice weekly for three weeks was well tolerated and demonstrated impressive tumor growth inhibition against poorly differentiated, chemotherapy-resistant EC xenografts (P = 0.011). In summary, SG is a novel ADC with remarkable preclinical activity against poorly differentiated EC cell lines overexpressing Trop-2. These findings warrant future clinical trials.
Role of intracellular S100A4 for migration of rat astrocytes (2005)

S100A4 is a member of the EF-hand family of calcium-binding proteins, first identified in tumor cells, and implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis. Intracellular upregulation of S100A4 is associated with increased motility of tumor cells. Extracellular application of S100A4 increases the motility of glioma cells in vitro. We showed previously that astrocytes in spinal cord and brain white matter also express S100A4. This expression is markedly increased in reactive white matter astrocytes after injury. Here, we have explored how changes in intracellular S100A4 affect migration of astrocytes. We produced cultures of white matter, S100A4 expressing astrocytes, and developed a small interfering (si) RNA approach to specifically eliminate S100A4 expression in these cells, and compared the migration of astrocytes expressing S100A4 with astrocytes transfected with S100A4 siRNA. As a "positive control" we used S100A4 expressing C6 glioma cells. In contrast to malignant cells, S100A4 expressing astrocytes increased their migration capacity after S100A4 siRNA treatment. At the same time, and in parallel with increased migration, white matter astrocytes increased their expression of metalloproteinases MMP-9 and MT1-MMP. The addition of MMP-2/MMP-9 inhibitor resulted in a significant inhibition of migration in S100A4 siRNA-treated astrocytes. These findings indicate that S100A4 has a stabilizing function in reactive white matter astrocytes, a function that may contribute to the development of a rigid, growth-inhibitory glial scar.
Genotypic and Epidemiologic Trends of Norovirus Outbreaks in the United States, 2009 to 2013 (2013)

Noroviruses are the leading cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis in the United States. From September 2009 through August 2013, 3,960 norovirus outbreaks were reported to CaliciNet. Of the 2,895 outbreaks with a known transmission route, person-to-person and food-borne transmissions were reported for 2,425 (83.7%) and 465 (16.1%) of the outbreaks, respectively. A total of 2,475 outbreaks (62.5%) occurred in long-term care facilities (LTCF), 389 (9.8%) in restaurants, and 227 (5.7%) in schools. A total of 435 outbreaks (11%) were typed as genogroup I (GI) and 3,525 (89%) as GII noroviruses. GII.4 viruses caused 2,853 (72%) of all outbreaks, of which 94% typed as either GII.4 New Orleans or GII.4 Sydney. In addition, three non-GII.4 viruses, i.e., GII.12, GII.1, and GI.6, caused 528 (13%) of all outbreaks. Several non-GII.4 genotypes (GI.3, GI.6, GI.7, GII.3, GII.6, and GII.12) were significantly more associated with food-borne transmission (odds ratio, 1.9 to 7.1; P < 0.05). Patients in LTCF and people ≥65 years of age were at higher risk for GII.4 infections than those in other settings and with other genotypes (P < 0.05). Phylogeographic analysis identified three major dispersions from two geographic locations that were responsible for the GI.6 outbreaks from 2011 to 2013. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the cyclic emergence of new (non-GII.4) norovirus strains, and several genotypes are more often associated with food-borne outbreaks. These surveillance data can be used to improve viral food-borne surveillance and to help guide studies to develop and evaluate targeted prevention methods such as norovirus vaccines, antivirals, and environmental decontamination methods.
Time of Flight Measurements for Neutrons Produced in Reactions Driven by Laser-Target Interactions at Petawatt level (2015)

Short intense pulses of fast neutrons were produced in a two stage laser-driven experiment. Protons were accelerated by means of the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) method using the TITAN facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Neutrons were obtained following interactions of the protons with a secondary lithium fluoride (LiF) target. The properties of the neutron flux were studied using BC-400 plastic scintillation detectors and the neutron time of flight (nTOF) technique. The detector setup and the experimental conditions were simulated with the Geant4 toolkit. The effects of different components of the experimental setup on the nTOF were studied. Preliminary results from a comparison between experimental and simulated nTOF distributions are presented.
Application of Atomic Layer Deposition Tungsten (ALD W) as Gate Filling Metal for 22 nm and Beyond Nodes CMOS Technology (2014)

By using two different precursors i.e. SiH4 and B2H6, atomic layer deposition (ALD) Tungsten (W) as gate filling metal for 22 nm and beyond nodes CMOS technology were investigated in this work. In order to evaluate the applications of two kinds of ALD W in real devices, their properties were extensively characterized by means of X-ray Reflectivity (XRR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrical capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) methods. It is revealed that the amorphous ALD W using B2H6 and WF6 shows lower growth rate, lower resistivity and better gap filling capability in gate trench of pretty high aspect-ratio, in contrast to the polycrystalline ALD W using SiH4 and WF6. It is further evidenced that the doping of boron (B) in ALD W does not affect the C-V and I-V characteristics of as-prepared capacitors, demonstrating that the ALD W using B2H6 and WF6 is a good gate filling metal which can be widely used in advanced devices.
Inflammation, von Willebrand factor, and ADAMTS13 (2018)

Increasing evidence indicates that inflammation can cause thrombosis by a von Willebrand factor (VWF)-mediated mechanism that includes endothelial activation, secretion of VWF, assembly of hyperadhesive VWF strings and fibers, cleavage by ADAMTS13, and adhesion and deposition of VWF-platelet thrombi in the vasculature. This mechanism appears to contribute to thrombosis not only in small vessels, but also in large vessels. Inflammation and VWF contribute to atherogenesis and may contribute to arterial and venous thrombosis as well as stroke. Elucidation of the mechanism will hopefully identify new targets and suggest new approaches for prevention and intervention.
Computing in the Jacobian of a hyperelliptic curve (1987)

In this paper we present algorithms, suitable for computer use, for computation in the Jacobian of a hyperelliptic curve. We present a reduction algorithm which is asymptotically faster than that of Gauss when the genus <italic>g</italic> is very large.
Characterisation of the antibacterial properties of the recombinant phage endolysins AP50-31 and LysB4 as potent bactericidal agents against Bacillus anthracis (2018)

The recombinant phage endolysins AP50-31 and LysB4 were developed using genetic information from bacteriophages AP50 and B4 and were produced by microbial cultivation followed by chromatographic purification. Subsequently, appropriate formulations were developed that provided an acceptable stability of the recombinant endolysins. The bacteriolytic properties of the formulated endolysins AP50-31 and LysB4 against several bacterial strains belonging to the Bacillus genus including Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) strains were examined. AP50-31 and LysB4 displayed rapid bacteriolytic activity and broad bacteriolytic spectra within the Bacillus genus, including bacteriolytic activity against all the B. anthracis strains tested. When administered intranasally, LysB4 completely protected A/J mice from lethality after infection with the spores of B. anthracis Sterne. When examined at 3 days post-infection, bacterial counts in the major organs (lung, liver, kidney, and spleen) were significantly lower compared with those of the control group that was not treated with endolysin. In addition, histopathological examinations revealed a marked improvement of pathological features in the LysB4-treated group. The results of this study support the idea that phage endolysins are promising candidates for developing therapeutics against anthrax infection.
Analysis of the barriers in implementing environmental management system by interpretive structural modeling approach (2017)

Purpose This paper aims to identify the most influential barriers for environmental management system (EMS) adoption and determine the interactions of these factors in the context of Chinese textile and apparel industries. Design/methodology/approach The study has conducted two different research phases, namely, the identification of 13 barriers from the extensive literature available and expert panel discussion and using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) to investigate the complex relationships among these barriers and partition the barriers into a hierarchical structure to facilitate strategic analysis. Findings The obtained result demonstrates that insufficient information about customer’s demand is the most influential barrier. Furthermore, by analyzing the interrelationships among the barriers, management will become more aware of the barriers’ relative importance and focus on the barriers with stronger influence. Originality/value This work may help practitioners, academicians and regulators to focus their efforts toward implementation of EMS on various levels in business, especially for these textile and apparel companies operating in China.
Recent advances in the understanding of biological implications and modulation methodologies of monoclonal antibody N‐linked high mannose glycans (2014)

With the prevalence of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the biopharmaceutical industry, the use of mammalian cell culture systems, particularly Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, has become the main method for the production of therapeutics. Despite their similarity to human cells, one major challenge of mammalian cell based biopharmaceutical production is controlling aberrant glycosylation, especially glycans with five to nine mannose residues-high mannose glycoforms. Glycosylation plays a critical role in determining the therapeutic profile of therapeutic glycoproteins; high mannose glycoforms in particular have been shown to have a significant impact on clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Thus, producing glycoform profiles with consistent levels of high mannose is necessary to reduce batch-to-batch therapeutic variability and to meet regulatory standards. Studies have shown that high mannose glycoforms can be modulated through the genetic engineering of cell lines, addition of inhibitors to key enzymes in the glycosylation pathways, and varying cell culture conditions. Focusing on these three types of techniques, this review will examine and critically assess current methods for high mannose glycosylation control and future developments in this area.
Understanding the Role of Surface Heterogeneities in Electrosynthesis Reactions (2020)

In this perspective, we highlight the role of surface heterogeneity in electrosynthesis reactions. Heterogeneities may come in the form of distinct crystallographic facets, boundaries between facets or grains, or point defects. We approach this topic from a foundation of surface science, where signatures from model systems provide understanding of observations on more complex and higher-surface-area materials. In parallel, probe-based techniques can inform directly on spatial variation across electrode surfaces. We call attention to the role spectroscopy can play in understanding the impact of these heterogeneities in electrocatalyst activity and selectivity, particularly where these surface features have effects extending into the electrolyte double layer.
Honey bees can disseminate a microbial control agent to more than one inflorescence pest of oilseed rape (2006)

Pollen beetles (Meligethes aeneus) and cabbage seed weevils (Ceutorhynchus assimilis) are major pests of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) throughout Europe. In field cage experiments in both winter and spring rape, honey bees (Apis mellifera) effectively transported the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae to the flowers, causing infection and mortality of both adult and larval pollen beetles, as well as of adult seed weevils. External conidiation was observed on many of the dead pest insects. Although some external conidiation also occurred on dead honey bees, reduction in honey bee colony size during the experiments appeared unrelated to the fungus. The potential of this technique for integration into pest management strategies for the crop, particularly in association with a trap crop, is discussed.