gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-bacterial surfaces: natural agents, mechanisms of action, and plasma surface modification (2015)

This article reviews antibacterial surface strategies based on reactive plasma chemistry, focusing on how plasma-assisted processing of natural antimicrobial agents can produce antifouling and antibacterial materials for biomedical devices.
Méthode d’évaluation quantitative de l’hétérogénéité de la fracturation dans les carrières souterraines de calcaire à astéries (2002)

Durant ces dix dernières années, l’analyse quantitative de l’hétérogénéité de la fracturation par le Système d’information géographique (SIG) devient intéressante pour étudier la stabilité des carrières souterraines et des propriétés réservoirs induites par la fracturation et ses relations avec les écoulements souterrains. Cet article propose une méthode d’analyse quantitative de la fracturation du calcaire en carrières souterraines. Plus de 1 000 fractures dans trois carrières souterraines carbonatées ont été relevées, mesurées, cartographiées et numérisées. L’analyse de l’hétérogénéité et de la connexité de la fracturation est fondée sur la répartition spatiale des paramètres géométriques de chaque fracture, tels que : ouverture, longueur, direction, orientation, écartement et distribution spatiale des familles de fractures.
Structural and Optical Characterizations of Ge Nanostructures Fabricated by RF Magnetron Sputtering and Rapid Thermal Processing (2012)

In this work, we use a simple and cost effective technique of sputtering followed by the rapid thermal processing at 900 C for 30 s to form Ge nanostructures on the Si(100) substrate. A layer of Ge (300 nm) and Si cap layer (100 nm) were deposited using RF magnetron sputtering. Two samples were prepared: Ge layer with Si capping (Si/Ge/Si) and Ge layer without Si capping (Ge/Si). Scanning electron microscopy shows that subsequent annealing in a rapid thermal processing gives uniformed Ge or SiGe islands with an estimated size of 100-500 nm. For the Ge/Si sample, under post growth annealing there had vanished the deposited Ge layer as confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Atomic force microscopy shows that the surface roughness increases by a factor of 15.55% as the islands formed. The Raman spectrum shows that good crystalline structures of the Ge and SiGe peaks are produced. High resolution X-ray diffraction reveals cubic and tetragonal Ge phases with estimated average crystallite sizes of 42 nm and 20 nm, respectively. The results showed that it is possible to grow high quality Ge and SiGe nanostructures using a simple technique of sputtering for potential applications in photonics and high speed devices.
Inhibition of cyclin D1 phosphorylation on threonine-286 prevents its rapid degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (1997)

The expression of D-type G1 cyclins and their assembly with their catalytic partners, the cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6), into active holoenzyme complexes are regulated by growth factor-induced signals. In turn, the ability of cyclin D-dependent kinases to trigger phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in the mid- to late G1 phase of the cell cycle makes the inactivation of Rb's growth suppressive function a mitogen-dependent step. The ability of D-type cyclins to act as growth factor sensors depends not only on their rapid induction by mitogens but also on their inherent instability, which ensures their precipitous degradation in cells deprived of growth factors. However, the mechanisms governing the turnover of D-type cyclins have not yet been elucidated. We now show that cyclin D1 turnover is governed by ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, which are positively regulated by cyclin D1 phosphorylation on threonine-286. Although "free" or CDK4-bound cyclin D1 molecules are intrinsically unstable (t1/2 < 30 min), a cyclin D1 mutant (T286A) containing an alanine for threonine-286 substitution fails to undergo efficient polyubiquitination in an in vitro system or in vivo, and it is markedly stabilized (t1/2 approximately 3.5 hr) when inducibly expressed in either quiescent or proliferating mouse fibroblasts. Phosphorylation of cyclin D1 on threonine-286 also occurs in insect Sf9 cells, and although the process is enhanced significantly by the binding of cyclin D1 to CDK4, it does not depend on CDK4 catalytic activity. This implies that another kinase can phosphorylate cyclin D1 to accelerate its destruction and points to yet another means by which cyclin D-dependent kinase activity may be exogenously regulated.
Optical Fiber Up-Tapers For Self-Aligned Beam Expansion And Single-Mode Hardware - Theory And Practice (1989)

Single-mode fiber is rapidly becoming the medium of choice for lightwave communications systems carrying long distance terrestrial and submarine traffic as well as local distribution and local area networks traffic. Widespread and convenient utilization of single-mode fibers requires reliable and reasonably priced hardware such as low-loss backplane and field connectors, laser-fiber couplers, and directional couplers. The main drawback of single-mode fibers, which makes fabrication of these components difficult, is their small core size, on the order of 5-10&mu;m. All hardware constructed from and for these fibers, where two cores or light source and core have to be aligned, are inherently very sensitive to axial and transversal displacements as well as to tiny dust particles. These displacements can be induced mechanically or thermally, while the dust comes from just routine handling.
Not Citizens, But Persons: The Ethics in Action of Performance’s Intimate Work (2012)

In responding to 9/11 through a critique of Austin’s speech-act theory, Mark Franko writes: Now the event that ‘happens to us’ ‘mocks’ [… our] understandings of the speech act. The event, in other terms, is neither conventional, logocentric, nor iterative. The singular presence of ‘what takes place’ the performative, and mocks it, displaces it, and supersedes it. In other terms, the event disarms the performative by effectively removing its capacity to respond. The event leaves the act ‘speechless’. (Lepecki, 2004, p. 116)
BSIMPD: a partial-depletion SOI MOSFET model for deep-submicron CMOS designs (2002)

BSIMPD, a physics-based SPICE model, is developed for bridging deep-submicron CMOS designs using partially-depleted SOI technologies. Formulated on top of the industry-standard bulk-MOSFET model BSIM3v3 for a sound base of scalability and robustness, BSIMPD captures SOI-specific dynamic behaviors with its built-in floating-body, self-heating and body-contact models. A parameter-extraction strategy is demonstrated, and the simulation efficiency is studied. The model has been tested extensively within IBM on state-of-the-art high speed SOI technologies. It has been implemented in many circuit simulators.
Quantifying the importance and location of SARS-CoV-2 transmission events in large metropolitan areas (2022)

Detailed characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission across different settings can help design less disruptive interventions. We used real-time, privacy-enhanced mobility data in the New York City, NY and Seattle, WA metropolitan areas to build a detailed agent-based model of SARS-CoV-2 infection to estimate the where, when, and magnitude of transmission events during the pandemic's first wave. We estimate that only 18% of individuals produce most infections (80%), with about 10% of events that can be considered superspreading events (SSEs). Although mass gatherings present an important risk for SSEs, we estimate that the bulk of transmission occurred in smaller events in settings like workplaces, grocery stores, or food venues. The places most important for transmission change during the pandemic and are different across cities, signaling the large underlying behavioral component underneath them. Our modeling complements case studies and epidemiological data and indicates that real-time tracking of transmission events could help evaluate and define targeted mitigation policies.
Supercritical fluid extraction of polymer additives for use in biocompatibility testing (1992)

Abstract Biocompatibility is the ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application. This response is poorly understood and so there exist inconsistencies in test results both between different laboratories and within the same laboratory. Standard reference materials and test protocols are essential. Analytical‐scale supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has been investigated as a potential standard test protocol for obtaining additives from polymer matrices. These extracts have been analysed for in‐vitro cytotoxicity using standard cell culture techniques whose clinical relevance has already been established.
Automated enzymatic method for measuring oxalate in urine. (1987)

Journal Article Automated enzymatic method for measuring oxalate in urine. Get access C A Bradley, C A Bradley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S L Aleshire, S L Aleshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F F Parl F F Parl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 33, Issue 6, 1 June 1987, Pages 1076–1077, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.6.1076a Published: 01 June 1987
Voltage binning under process variation (2009)

Process variation is recognized as a major source of parametric yield loss, which occurs because a fraction of manufactured chips do not satisfy timing or power constraints. On the other hand, both chip performance and chip leakage power depend on supply voltage. This dependence can be used for converting the fraction of too slow or too leaky chips into good ones by adjusting their supply voltage. This technique is called voltage binning [4]. All the manufactured chips are divided into groups (bins) and each group is assigned its individual supply voltage. This paper proposes a statistical technique of yield computation for different voltage binning schemes using results of statistical timing and variational power analysis. The paper formulates and solves the problem of computing optimal supply voltages for a given binning scheme.
Progress in the Understanding of Gridded Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Devices at the University of Wisconsin (2015)

For nearly two decades, as many as 4 Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) devices have been operated simultaneously at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Over that time period we have learned that the early perceptions of how IEC devices operate are quite different from the actual performance in the Laboratory. Over the past 2 years we have gained even more understanding of IEC physics and technology. Experimental measurements and theoretical improvements have better characterized both the negative ions that contribute up to ~10% of the fusion rate in some cases and the neutral energy distributions in IEC devices at moderate pressure (0.07-0.7 Pa ≈ 0.5-5 mTorr). We also now understand more of why operation with helium plasmas has such a detrimental effect on high voltage performance of the traditional tungsten alloy grid wires. Most of the previous IEC work had been confined to < 100 kV with short operation times up to 150 kV. We have recently expanded our operating regime to ≈ 200 kV anode-cathode potential difference, which is, to our knowledge, the highest-voltage IEC operation reported in the worldwide IEC literature. Several design modifications were required to achieve steady state operation at these high voltages and some are described in this article.
FPGA vs. GPU for sparse matrix vector multiply (2009)

Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) is a common operation in numerical linear algebra and is the computational kernel of many scientific applications. It is one of the original and perhaps most studied targets for FPGA acceleration. Despite this, GPUs, which have only recently gained both general-purpose programmability and native support for double precision floating-point arithmetic, are viewed by some as a more effective platform for SpMV and similar linear algebra computations. In this paper, we present an analysis comparing an existing GPU SpMV implementation to our own, novel FPGA implementation. In this analysis, we describe the challenges faced by any SpMV implementation, the unique approaches to these challenges taken by both FPGA and GPU implementations, and their relative performance for SpMV.
Receptor-mediated mitophagy in yeast and mammalian systems (2014)

Mitophagy, or mitochondria autophagy, plays a critical role in selective removal of damaged or unwanted mitochondria. Several protein receptors, including Atg32 in yeast, NIX/BNIP3L, BNIP3 and FUNDC1 in mammalian systems, directly act in mitophagy. Atg32 interacts with Atg8 and Atg11 on the surface of mitochondria, promoting core Atg protein assembly for mitophagy. NIX/BNIP3L, BNIP3 and FUNDC1 also have a classic motif to directly bind LC3 (Atg8 homolog in mammals) for activation of mitophagy. Recent studies have shown that receptor-mediated mitophagy is regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylates Atg32 and activates mitophagy in yeast. In contrast, in mammalian cells Src kinase and CK2 phosphorylate FUNDC1 to prevent mitophagy. Notably, in response to hypoxia and FCCP treatment, the mitochondrial phosphatase PGAM5 dephosphorylates FUNDC1 to activate mitophagy. Here, we mainly focus on recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of receptor-mediated mitophagy and the implications of this catabolic process in health and disease.
A new fiber-optic non-contact compact laser-ultrasound scanner for fast non-destructive testing and evaluation of aircraft composites (2014)

Laser ultrasonic (LU) inspection represents an attractive, non-contact method to evaluate composite materials. Current non-contact systems, however, have relatively low sensitivity compared to contact piezoelectric detection. They are also difficult to adjust, very expensive, and strongly influenced by environmental noise. Here, we demonstrate that most of these drawbacks can be eliminated by combining a new generation of compact, inexpensive fiber lasers with new developments in fiber telecommunication optics and an optimally designed balanced probe scheme. In particular, a new type of a balanced fiber-optic Sagnac interferometer is presented as part of an all-optical LU pump-probe system for non-destructive testing and evaluation of aircraft composites. The performance of the LU system is demonstrated on a composite sample with known defects. Wide-band ultrasound probe signals are generated directly at the sample surface with a pulsed fiber laser delivering nanosecond laser pulses at a repetition rate up to 76 kHz rate with a pulse energy of 0.6 mJ. A balanced fiber-optic Sagnac interferometer is employed to detect pressure signals at the same point on the composite surface. A- and B-scans obtained with the Sagnac interferometer are compared to those made with a contact wide-band polyvinylidene fluoride transducer.
The node equation approach to wide band SAR image reconstruction (1991)

Abstract As opposed to Fourier and associated integral methods for SAR processing, the paper discusses a method, based on the numerical unfolding of a differential equation along the synthetic aperture path. The method is a particular case of a general approach, which also may be applied to other synthetic aperture techniques, such as ISAR and btstatic imaging. The integration process may be termed cumulative , since a low resolution image available at a certain time along the synthetic aperture, together with the data registered at this moment of time, form the basis for constructing an image of successively improved resolution. The approach seems suitable for real time imaging, motion compensation, adaptive radar, and whenever continuous control over the imaging process is required. The paper considers application of the method to the extreme situation of ultra wide band, low frequency SAR. It is not as yet known how the method compares to the more conventional correlation methods, in the case of narrow band microwave SAR. The method is demonstrated by several numerical tests.
Exact Solution of Heat Conduction in Composite Materials and Application to Inverse Problems (1998)

Calculation of temperature in high-temperature materials is of current interest to engineers, e.g., the aerospace industry encounters cooling problems in aircraft skins during the flight of high-speed air vehicles and in high-Mach-number reentry of spacecraft. In general, numerical techniques are used to deal with conduction in composite materials. This study uses the exact series solution to predict the temperature distribution in a two-layer body: one orthotropic and one isotropic. Often the exact series solution contains an inherent singularity at the surface that makes the computation of the heat flux difficult. This singularity is removed by introducing a differentiable auxiliary function that satisfies the nonhomogeneous boundary conditions, Finally, an inverse heat conduction technique is used to predict surface temperature and/or heat flux.
Compressed High Definition Television (HDTV) over IPv6 (2006)

In this paper, we introduce the compressed HDTV over IPv6 system, applications, and its experiment in IPv6 network between Korea and China. We developed the compressed HDTV over IPv6 system which requires 20-25Mbps with MPEG2. The system use 720/30p or 1080i HDTV format and support IPv4/IPv6 and unicast/multicast. The compressed HDTV system provides high quality audio and video with relatively small bandwidth comparing with uncompressed HDTV system, but it suffers about 1 second delay for MPEG2 encoding and decoding. Its high quality video and audio enables applications such as remote lecture/seminar with limited interaction. Using compressed HDTV system, we had two-way experiment which requires 40-50Mbps bandwidth in Gigabit IPv6 network in dual stack mode. This paper contains brief experiment result including jitter and packet loss. We expect practical application of compressed HDTV system such as remote lecture and seminar between Korea and China.
Surface Characterization of As-Produced and Oxidized UMo Atomized Powder (2018)

International audience
Moderate Caloric Restriction, But Not Physiological Hyperleptinemia Per Se, Enhances Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity in Rat Liver and Skeletal Muscle—Tissue-Specific Impact on Tissue Triglyceride Content and AKT Activation (2004)

The study aimed at determining, in lean tissues from nonobese rats, whether physiological hyperleptinemia with leptin-induced reduced caloric intake and/or calorie restriction (CR) per se: 1) enhance mitochondrial-energy metabolism gene transcript levels and oxidative capacity; and 2) reduce triglyceride content. Liver and skeletal muscles were collected from 6-month-old Fischer 344 rats after 1-wk leptin sc infusion (0.4 mg/kg . d: leptin + approximately 3-fold leptinemia vs. ad libitum-fed control) or moderate CR (-26% of those fed ad libitum) in pair-fed animals (CR). After 1 wk: 1) leptin and CR comparably enhanced transcriptional expression of mixed muscle mitochondrial genes (P < 0.05 vs. control); 2) CR independently increased (P < 0.05 vs. leptin-control) hepatic mitochondrial-lipooxidative gene expression and oxidative capacity; 3) hepatic but not muscle mitochondrial effects of CR were associated (P < 0.01) with increased activated insulin signaling at AKT level (P < 0.05 vs. leptin-control); 4) liver and muscle triglyceride content were comparable in all groups. In additional experiments, assessing time course of posttranscriptional CR effects, 3-wk superimposable CR (P < 0.05): 1) increased both liver and muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity; and 2) selectively reduced muscle triglyceride content. Thus, in nonobese adult rat: 1) moderate CR induces early increments of mitochondrial-lipooxidative gene expression and time-dependent increments of oxidative capacity in liver and mixed muscle; 2) sustained moderate CR alters tissue lipid distribution reducing muscle but not liver triglycerides; 3) mitochondrial-lipid metabolism changes are tissue-specifically associated with hepatic AKT activation; 4) short-term physiological hyperleptinemia has no independent stimulatory effects on muscle and liver mitochondrial-lipooxidative gene expression. Increased lean tissue oxidative capacity could favor substrate oxidation over storage during reduced nutrient availability.
Review of Multiport Converters for Solar and Energy Storage Integration (2018)

This paper presents a comprehensive review of multiport converters for integrating solar energy with energy storage systems. With recent development of a battery as a viable energy storage device, the solar energy is transforming into a more reliable and steady source of power. Research and development of multiport converters is instrumental in enabling this transformation in an efficient manner. The high efficiency of conversion in comparatively smaller footprint makes a multiport converter very attractive in this application. Most of the recently reported multiport converter topologies are discussed here. A breakdown of isolated and nonisolated topologies is presented along with the comparison of converter architectures and features such as operating conditions, device count, efficiency, etc. Each group of multiport converters is subdivided into different smaller groups based on their architecture. Detailed specifications are presented for important topologies. Finally, a performance comparison is carried out featuring the advantages and disadvantages of the various topologies leading to suggestions for the direction of future research.
Persistent disparities in antiretroviral treatment (ART) coverage and virological suppression across Europe, 2004 to 2015 (2018)

Despite overall improvements over a decade, we found persistent disparities in country-specific estimates of ART coverage and virological suppression. Underlying reasons for this variation warrant further analysis to identify a best practice and benchmark HIV care across EuroSIDA.
The toxicity of organic sulphides to the eggs and larvae of the glasshouse red spider mite. III.—benzyl phenyl sulphides substituted only by halogens (1957)

Abstract The activities against the eggs and young mites of the glasshouse red spider ( Tetranychus telarius L.) have been determined for a series of benzyl phenyl sulphides containing only halogen nuclear substituents. The results, together with the results from some of the corresponding sulphoxides and sulphones, are tabulated and discussed.