gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring large numerical apertures by imaging the angular distribution of radiation of fluorescing molecules (2005)

Exact knowledge of the numerical aperture is crucial in many applications using high-aperture objectives such as confocal microscopy, optical trapping, or advanced sub-wavelength imaging methods. We propose and apply a precise and straightforward method for measuring this fundamental parameter of microscope objectives with numerical apertures above unity. Our method exploits the peculiarities of the fluorescence emission of molecules at a glass/air interface.
ChemInform Abstract: A Double Mannich Approach to the Synthesis of Substituted Piperidones—Application to the Synthesis of Substituted E‐Ring Analogues of Methyllycaconitine. (2010)

Abstract A set of E‐ring analogues (X) of the delphinium alkaloid methyllycaconitine (XI) is prepared from title compounds (VII) using established transformations.
Primitive, Quiescent and Difficult to Kill: The Role of Non-Proliferating Stem Cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (2006)

Recent studies have identified primitive, malignant stem cells which have entered the G0-phase of the cell cycle to become 'quiescent' and which are present, in small numbers, in all chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients. These cells have attracted intense scrutiny because they are proving exceptionally refractory to attempts to kill them, in vitro, using imatinib mesylate, the current first-line therapy for CML, or conventional chemotherapeutic agents, such as cytosine arabinoside. This insensitivity, or resistance, to drug treatment is ominous and has important implications for the clinical management of CML, particularly with regard to relapse following an imatinib-induced remission. In this review, we consider the known properties of this cell population, including recent evidence which suggests that transcription of BCR-ABL occurs at an exceptionally high level in these cells despite them having only a single copy of the oncogene. We also discuss possible alternative, Bcr-Abl-independent, mechanisms for the insensitivity of these cells to agents which promote apoptosis, including the putative role of transporter proteins in causing abnormal drug influx or efflux.
Elucidation of Formulation and Delivery Device-Related Effects on In Vitro Performance of Nasal Spray with Implication to Rational Product Specification Identification (2017)

Presented study elucidated an inherent relationship between factors and responses and established mathematical models (response surfaces) for predictive purposes to target specific in vitro performance of nasal sprays by appropriate specification of factors, taking into account control space with included risk and uncertainty analysis.
Protecting mobile agents by using traceability techniques (2003)

Mobile agents are software entities consisting of code and data that can migrate autonomously from host to host executing their code. Despite its benefits, security issues strongly restrict the use of code mobility. The protection of mobile agents against the attacks of malicious hosts is considered the most difficult security problem to solve in mobile agent systems. The approach that is presented detects manipulation attacks performed during the agent's execution. This approach also traces the malicious hosts responsible for the manipulation attacks. Software watermarking techniques are used in order to embed a mark into the agent. The agent's execution creates marked results. When the agent returns to the origin host, these results are examined in order to find the embedded mark. If the mark has changed, this means that the executing host has modified the agent.
Global Kinase Screening. Applications of Frontal Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry in Drug Discovery (2005)

Utilizing frontal affinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (FAC-MS), we have identified novel applications in the discovery of small-molecule hits to protein targets that are difficult if not impossible to accomplish using traditional assays. We demonstrate for the first time an ability to distinguish between competitive ligands for the ATP and substrate sites of protein kinase C independently in the same experiment and show that ATP competitive ligands using a functionally inactive receptor tyrosine kinase can be identified. This ability of FAC-MS to simultaneously monitor binding at the ATP and substrate binding sites, as well as measure ligand binding to both active and inactive kinases, suggests that FAC-MS can be used as a "global kinase binding assay".
Integration and Packaging Concepts for Infrared Bolometer Arrays (2009)

Infrared (IR) imaging devices based on energy detection has shown a dramatic development in technology along with an impressive price reduction in recent years. However, for a low-end market as in automotive applications, the present cost of IR cameras is still the main obstacle to broadening their usage. Ongoing research has continuously reduced the system cost. Apart from decreasing the cost of infrared optics, there are other key issues to achieve acceptable system costs, including wafer-level vacuum packaging of the detectors, low vacuum level operation, and the use of standard materials in the detector fabrication. This thesis presents concepts for cost reduction of low-end IR cameras. The thesis presents a study of detector performance based on the thermal conductance design of the pixel. A circuit analog is introduced to analyze the basic thermal network effect from the surrounding environment on the conductance from the pixel to the environment. A 3D simulation model of the detector array conductance has been created in order to optimize the performance of the arrays while operated in low vacuum. In the model, Fourier's law of heat transfer is applied to determine the thermal conductance of a composite material pixel. The resulting thermal conductance is then used to predict the performance of the detector array in low vacuum. The investigations of resist as the intermediate bonding material for 3D array integration are also reported in the thesis. A study has been made of the nano-imprint resists series mr-I 9000 using a standard adhesive wafer bonding scheme for thermosetting adhesives. Experiments have been performed to optimize the thickness control and uniformity of the nano-imprint resist layer. The evaluation, including assessment of the bonding surface uniformity and planarizing ability of topographical surfaces, is used to demonstrate the suitability of this resist as sacrificial material for heterogeneous detector array integration. Moreover, the thesis presents research in wafer-level packaging performed by room temperature bonding. Sealing rings, used to create a cavity, are manufactured by electroplating. The cavity sealing is tested by liquid injection and by monitoring the deflection of the lid membrane of the cavities. A value for the membrane deflection is calculated to estimate the pressure inside the cavities.
Excited State Photophysics of Squaraine Dyes for Photovoltaic Applications: an Alternative Deactivation Scenario (2017)

Squaraine dyes (SQs) represent a versatile class of functional molecules with strong absorption and emission features, widely used as near-infrared sensitizers in organic and hybrid photovoltaic devices. In this context, the photodynamics of such molecules has been seen to influence dramatically the efficiency of the photogeneration process. The most accepted interpretation of excited state deactivation in SQs is represented by a trans-cis photoisomerization around a CC double bond of the polymethinic-like bridge, although such scenario does not explain satisfyingly the decay route of SQs dyes in conformational constrained systems or in highly viscous environments. Here we combine steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques with high level ab initio calculations to shed light into the photophysics of cis-locked indolenine-based SQs. Our results point towards alternative deactivation routes, possibly involving a dark state in molecules lacking central substitution and the rotation of the central substituent in the core-functionalized ones. These novel results can suggest a synthetic rationale to design dyes that permit quantitative and effective charge generation/diffusion and collection in photovoltaic diodes and, thus, enhance their efficiency.
Multi-modal decoding: Longitudinal coherency changes between spike trains, local field potentials and electrocorticogram signals (2014)

Neural information degeneracy in chronic implants due to signal instabilities affects optimal performance of brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). Spike-decoders are more vulnerable compared to those using LFPs and ECoG signals. In order for BMIs to perform reliably across years, decoders should be able to use neural information contained in various signal modalities. Hence, it is important to identify information redundancy among signal types. In this work, spikes, LFPs and ECoGs were recorded simultaneously from motor cortex of a rhesus monkey, while the animal was learning to control a multi-DOF robot with a spike-decoder. As the behavioral performance increased, the linear association among the signal types increased. Coherency of these signals increased in specific frequency bands as learning occurred. These results suggest the possibility of substituting the information lost in one modality by another.
A comparison of the biological activities of the cell-adhesive proteins vitronectin and fibronectin (1989)

The effects of vitronectin and fibronectin upon the attachment and growth of bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCE) and BHK-21 cells were compared. Similar dose-response curves for cell attachment to the substratum were obtained for both molecules and both cell types, although BCE cells exhibited a slight preference for vitronectin, and BHK cells for fibronectin. When, however, cells were plated in medium containing bovine serum stripped of fibronectin, they attached and grew normally, whereas in medium containing serum stripped of vitronectin, cells either failed to attach (BHK-21) or attached but exhibited poor cell spreading and growth. This dependence of cells upon vitronectin, rather than fibronectin, in serum for cell attachment, was shown to be due to a failure of fibronectin to coat the substratum in the presence of other serum proteins. Vitronectin was able to coat the substratum efficiently in the presence of other serum proteins. Although dependent upon vitronectin for adhesion to the substratum, bovine endothelial cells were unable to synthesize endogenous vitronectin.
The influence of porosity on the elastoplastic behavior of high performance cast alloys (2007)

Abstract Based on geometrical data of porous components obtained by computer tomography, a micromechanical unit cell model is proposed to predict the influence of porosity on mechanical properties of high performance cast alloys. Simulations of uniaxial loaded periodic unit cells are compared to experimental data of tensile tests on porous materials. In this way a relationship between some significant geometrical data of the pores and the macroscopic material parameters is obtained. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Positive Patient Identification for Patient Safety (2011)

DEPARTMENTS: SINI Abstracts: HIGHLIGHTS AND AWARD-WINNING PEER-REVIEWED ABSTRACTS: WINNER OF THE 2011 PRACTICE AWARD (PAPER)
Industrial enzymes and their application to the pulp and paper industry. (1991)

Industrial enzymes have been used in numerous industrial applications for many years as a very effective natural catalyst without affecting the environment. Such catalytic power with its high specificity and reaction under mild conditions has been investigated in the area of pulp and paper and some of the applications have been successfully introduced to the real production line.Here industrial enzymes and the possibilities of their application in this field are introduced based on the information obtained from literature and patents, as well as from authors' application work.
Growth and Development of Premature Infants Fed Predominantly Human Milk, Predominantly Premature Infant Formula, or a Combination of Human Milk and Premature Formula (2003)

Our data suggest that, despite a slower early growth rate, human milk fed LBW infants have development at least comparable to that of infants fed nutrient-enriched formula. Exploratory analysis suggests that some subgroups of human milk fed LBW infants may have enhanced development, although this needs to be confirmed in future studies.
Material properties of tapered crystalline silicon core fibers (2017)

Crystalline silicon optical fibers are emerging as a promising platform for a wide range of optoelectronic applications. Here we report a crystallographic study of the material properties within silicon fibers that have been post-processed via a tapering procedure to obtain small, few micron-sized core diameters. Our results reveal that the tapering process can improve the polysilicon quality of the core through the formation of large, centimeter long crystal grains, thus significantly reducing the optical losses.
Acute Monoblastic Leukemia as a Second Malignancy Following Chemotherapy for Osteogenic Sarcoma: A Case Report (1988)

A patient with well-differentiated monoblastic leukemia (ANLL FAB-M5b) is described in whom acute leukemia was diagnosed 25 months after having completed postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma of the femur. All analyzed metaphases showed 48xy, dup 1(q12), +3, +9.
Integrated Transmission-and-Distribution System Modeling of Power Systems: State-of-the-Art and Future Research Directions (2020)

Integrated transmission-and-distribution (T&amp;D) modeling is a new and developing method for simulating power systems. Interest in integrated T&amp;D modeling is driven by the changes taking place in power systems worldwide that are resulting in more decentralized power systems with increasingly high levels of distributed energy resources. Additionally, the increasing role of the hitherto passive energy consumer in the management and operation of power systems requires more capable and detailed integrated T&amp;D modeling to understand the interactions between T&amp;D systems. Although integrated T&amp;D modeling has not yet found widespread commercial application, its potential for changing the decades-old power system modeling approaches has led to several research efforts in the last few years that tried to (i) develop algorithms and software for steady-state and dynamic modeling of power systems and (ii) demonstrate the advantages of this modeling approach compared with traditional, separated T&amp;D system modeling. In this paper, we provide a review of integrated T&amp;D modeling research efforts and the methods employed for steady-state and dynamic modeling of power systems. We also discuss our current research in integrated T&amp;D modeling and the potential directions for future research. This paper should be useful for power systems researchers and industry members because it will provide them with a critical summary of current research efforts and the potential topics where research efforts are needed to further advance and demonstrate the utility of integrated T&amp;D modeling.
Relapsed parasitaemia following chemotherapy of chronic T. brucei infections in mice and its relation to cerebral trypanosomes. (1983)

Mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei can be easily cured using the available trypanocidal drugs, provided treatment is given soon after the infection; however, if infection is allowed to continue for some time then it is extremely difficult to obtain a permanent cure, and after an aparasitaemic period the infection eventually relapses. It has been shown that a relatively small number of infective trypanosomes in the brain have escaped the action of the drug and these are able to replicate and eventually they re-establish a circulating parasitaemia. The number of infective trypanosomes remaining after chemotherapy varied according to the stabilate of T. brucei, but using the stabilate T. brucei GVR 35 there were up to, 5,000 infective trypanosomes 2 days after treatment, and this rapidly increased up to 50,000 trypanosomes at 7 days. Infected mice on histological examination exhibited a mild meningitis and this was exacerbated by Berenil therapy and 7 days posttreatment the mice had an acute meningoencephalitis. It would appear that if the infective trypanosomes are completely eliminated from the brain this exacerbated reaction does not occur. It has been found that combined treatment of chronic T. brucei infections with either diminazene aceturate or suramin followed by 5-substituted nitroimidazoles at appropriate dose levels will completely eliminate the infective trypanosomes from the brain and the mice are permanently cured.
Optical feedback control loop for the precise and robust acoustic focusing of cells, micro- and nanoparticles (2022)

Despite a long history and the vast number of applications demonstrated, very few market products incorporate acoustophoresis. Because a human operator must run and control a device during an experiment, most devices are limited to proof of concepts. On top of a possible detuning due to temperature changes, the human operator introduces a bias which reduces the reproducibility, performance and reliability of devices. To mitigate some of these problems, we propose an optical feedback control loop that optimizes the excitation frequency. We investigate the improvements that can be expected when a human operator is replaced for acoustic micro- and nanometer particle focusing experiments. Three experiments previously conducted in our group were taken as a benchmark. In addition to being automatic, this resulted in the feedback control loop displaying a superior performance compared to an experienced scientist in 1) improving the particle focusing by at least a factor of two for 5 μm diameter PS particles, 2) increasing the range of flow rates in which 1 μm diameter PS particles could be focused and 3) was even capable of focusing 600 nm diameter PS particles at a frequency of 1.72075 MHz. Furthermore, the feedback control loop is capable of focusing biological cells in one and two pressure nodes. The requirements for the feedback control loop are: an optical setup, a run-of-the-mill computer and a computer controllable function generator. Thus resulting in a cost-effective, high-throughput and automated method to rapidly increase the efficiency of established systems. The code for the feedback control loop is openly accessible and the authors explicitly wish that the community uses and modifies the feedback control loop to their own needs.
Membrane-Perturbing Domains of HIV Type 1 Glycoprotein 41 (2001)

Structural and functional studies were performed to assess the membrane actions of peptides based on HIV-1 glycoprotein 41,000 (gp41). Previous site-directed mutagenesis of gp41 has shown that amino acid changes in either the N-terminal fusion or N-leucine zipper region depressed viral infection and syncytium formation, while modifications in the C-leucine zipper domain both increased and decreased HIV fusion. Here, synthetic peptides were prepared corresponding to the N-terminal fusion region (FP-I; gp41 residues 519-541), the nearby N-leucine zipper domain (DP-107; gp41 residues 560-597), and the C-leucine zipper domain (DP-178; gp41 residues 645-680). With erythrocytes, FP-I or DP-107 induced dose-dependent hemolysis and promoted cell aggregation; FP-I was more hemolytic than DP-107, but each was equally effective in aggregating cells. DP-178 produced neither hemolysis nor aggregation, but blocked either FP-I- or DP-107-induced hemolysis and aggregation. Combined with previous nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic results, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed that the alpha-helicity for these peptides in solution decreased in the order: DP-107 >> DP-178 > FP-I. CD analysis also indicated binding of DP-178 to either DP-107 or FP-I. Consequently, DP-178 may inhibit the membrane actions mediated by either FP-I or DP-107 through direct peptide interactions in solution. These peptide results suggest that the corresponding N-terminal fusion and N-leucine zipper regions participate in HIV infection, by promoting membrane perturbations underlying the merging of the viral envelope with the cell surface. Further, the C-leucine zipper domain in "prefusion" HIV may inhibit these membrane activities by interacting with the N-terminal fusion and N-leucine zipper domains in unactivated gp41. Last, exogenous DP-178 may bind to the N-terminal and N-leucine zipper domains of gp41 that become exposed on HIV stimulation, thereby preventing the fusogenic actions of these gp41 regions leading to infection.
Dissipative Dynamics of a Driven Quantum Spin Coupled to a Bath of Ultracold Fermions (2013)

We explore the dynamics and the steady state of a driven quantum spin coupled to a bath of fermions, which can be realized with a strongly imbalanced mixture of ultracold atoms using currently available experimental tools. Radio-frequency driving can be used to induce tunneling between the spin states. The Rabi oscillations are modified due to the coupling of the quantum spin to the environment, which causes frequency renormalization and damping. The spin-bath coupling can be widely tuned by adjusting the scattering length through a Feshbach resonance. When the scattering potential creates a bound state, by tuning the driving frequency it is possible to populate either the ground state, in which the bound state is filled, or a metastable state in which the bound state is empty. In the latter case, we predict an emergent inversion of the steady-state magnetization. Our work shows that different regimes of dissipative dynamics can be explored with a quantum spin coupled to a bath of ultracold fermions.
Use of Inverse Solutions for Residual Stress Measurements (2006)

Abstract For most of the destructive methods used for measuring residual stresses, the relationship between the measured deformations and the residual stresses are in the form of an integral equation, typically a Volterra equation of the first kind. Such equations require an inverse method to evaluate the residual stress solution. This paper demonstrates the mathematical commonality of physically different measurement types, and proposes a generic residual stress solution approach. The unit pulse solution method that is presented is conceptually straightforward and has direct physical interpretations. It uses the same basis functions as the hole-drilling integral method, and also permits enforcement of equilibrium constraints. In addition, Tikhonov regularization is shown to be an effective way to reduce the influences of measurement noise. The method is successfully demonstrated using data from slitting (crack compliance) measurements, and excellent correspondence with independently determined residual stresses is achieved.
Study on Process Induced Wafer Level Warpage of Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging (2016)

Fan-out wafer level packaging (FO-WLP) technology has lots of advantages of small form factor, higher I/O density, cost effective and high performance. However, wafer warpage is one big challenge during wafer process, which needs to be addressed for successful process integration. In this study, methodology to understand and reduce wafer warpage at different processes is presented in terms of geometry design, material selection, and process optimization through finite element analysis (FEA), theoretical calculation and experimental data. Quick wafer warpage evaluation method is proposed and compared with FEA results for the molded wafer. Wafer process dependent modeling is established and results are validated by experimental data for both mold-first and RDL-first methods. Key parameters are identified based on FEA modeling results: thickness ratio of die to total mold thickness, compression molding condition, molding compound and support wafer materials, dielectric material and Cu RDL design.