gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Socio-demographic factors affecting levels of cultural and non-cultural prejudice: comparing Korean, Chinese, and Japanese college students (2017)

This study examined how socio-demographic factors related to the levels of cultural and non-cultural prejudice among college students from Korea, China, and Japan. We used data collected from the Asian Value Survey. The main findings are as follows. First, Chinese students showed the lowest levels of cultural and non-cultural prejudice. Second, those who had higher cultural prejudice also showed higher levels of non-cultural prejudice. However, while Korean and Japanese students had significantly higher levels of cultural prejudice than non-cultural prejudice, a statistically significant difference was not found among Chinese students. Third, while levels of cultural prejudice were explained by the country of origin and income, those of non-cultural prejudice were explained by the country of origin, gender, and the size of the areas in which students resided during childhood. Future directions for research and multicultural education were suggested based on the findings.
Changes of oscillatory and aperiodic neuronal activity in working memory following anaesthesia: a prospective observational study (2022)

Abstract Background Anaesthesia and surgery can lead to cognitive decline, especially in the elderly. However, to date, the neurophysiological underpinnings of perioperative cognitive decline remain unknown. Methods We included male patients, who were 60 years or older scheduled for elective radical prostatectomy under general anaesthesia. We obtained neuropsychological (NP) tests as well as a visual match-to-sample working memory (WM) task with concomitant 62-channel scalp electroencephalography (EEG) before and after surgery. Results A total number of 26 patients completed neuropsychological assessments and EEG pre- and postoperatively. Behavioural performance declined in the neuropsychological assessment after anaesthesia (total recall; t-tests: t 25 = -3.25, Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.015 d = -0.902), while WM performance showed a dissociation between match and mis-match accuracy ( rmANOVA : match*session F 1,25 = 3.866, p = 0.060). Distinct EEG signatures tracked behavioural performance: Better performance in the NP assessment was correlated with an increase of non-oscillatory (aperiodic) activity, reflecting increased cortical activity ( cluster permutation tests: total recall r = 0.66, p = 0.029, learning slope r = 0.66, p = 0.015), while WM accuracy was tracked by distinct temporally-structured oscillatory theta/alpha (7 – 9 Hz), low beta (14 – 18 Hz) and high beta/gamma (34 – 38 Hz) activity ( cluster permutation tests: matches: p &lt; 0.001, mis-matches: p = 0.022). Conclusions Oscillatory and non-oscillatory (aperiodic) activity in perioperative scalp EEG recordings track distinct features of perioperative cognition. Aperiodic activity provides a novel electrophysiological biomarker to identify patients at risk for developing perioperative neurocognitive decline.
Total synthesis and characterization of thielocin B1 as a protein–protein interaction inhibitor of PAC3 homodimer (2014)

We have characterized the inhibition of the protein–protein interaction of the homodimer of proteasome assembling chaperone (PAC) 3 with thielocin B1.
Will Moore's Law rule in the land of analog? (2004)

Once upon a time there was a wise and benevolent ruler whose Law multiplied his subjects' wealth and happiness--about 2X, every couple of years, but the kingdom was divided. Those in the happy hamlet of Digital got fatter (and faster), year after year. Not so the talented artisans in the town of Analog complained constantly about "voltage headroom", "variability", "noise", "matching", "kT/C limits", the rising costs of supporting their neighbors' insatiable addiction to shrinking transistors, and how the grass looked greener just over the border, in Silicon-Germania. So, what's a King to do? Will we see billion transistor chips with integrated RF made from transistors that are 25 atoms wide? Or will the peasants in the land of Analog really revolt.
Surgical Treatment Results of Cancer of the Pancreatic Head, Depending on Preoperative Biliary Drainage (2017)

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Methylmercury Poisoning in Common Marmosets—MRI Findings and Peripheral Nerve Lesions (2002)

Common marmosets were used as model animals for methylmercury (MeHg) poisoning. Six marmosets were given MeHg of 5 ppm Hg in drinking water. The animals were divided into 3 groups of 2 each. The first group was examined for acute symptomatic MeHg poisoning. They were given MeHg for 70 and 90 days, respectively, to manifest severe symptoms. The second group was sacrificed after 38 days of MeHg exposure, when they had acute-subclinical MeHg poisoning. The third group of animals was exposed for 21 days, and then observed for 2.5 years without MeHg exposure. One of them showed typical symptoms of MeHg poisoning after MeHg exposure had ended, but the other one showed only slight symptoms without ataxia. This experiment demonstrated that MeHg causes pathological changes in neural tissues including the peripheral nerves in common marmosets. Furthermore, common marmosets were found to show MeHg-induced pathological changes similar to those in humans in the cerebrum and cerebellum.
Inter-Domain Interaction and the Structural Flexibility of Calmodulin in the Connecting Region of the Terminal Two Domains (1990)

The calcium-dependent difference absorption spectrum of scallop calmodulin was measured in the presence of mastoparan. The difference spectrum at 286 nm (delta A286) showed biphasic response to Ca2+ concentration. The first change represents the conformational change around Tyr-138 and the second change may respond to an interaction between N- and C-domain of calmodulin which became apparent in the associated state with mastoparan. Calmodulin-mastoparan complex was eluted from a gel filtration column after free calmodulin in the presence of Ca2+, which indicates a more compact structure of calmodulin-mastoparan complex than of free calmodulin. The biphasic response of delta A286 was also observed with free calmodulin when the ionic strength was as low as 0.02 M NaCl. In the absence of NaCl, the Ca2+ dependence of delta A288 was monophasic, assuming identical affinity of Ca2+ to both domains. Increase in the sensitivity of calmodulin to trypsin was observed with decrease in ionic strength. These results suggest an ionic-strength-dependent decrease in ordered structure of the connecting region. Calmodulin may change shape depending upon the ionic strength by bending at the connecting region. We assumed from the observations that calmodulin in solution may fluctuate between the two extreme shapes of the bent and the dumbbell structure. Target proteins may select and fix the specific bent structure for their activation.
Optically detected nuclear quadrupolar interaction ofN14in nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond (2014)

We report sensitive detection of the nuclear quadrupolar interaction of the $^{14}\mathrm{N}$ nuclear spin of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center using the electron spin-echo envelope modulation technique. We applied a weak transverse magnetic field to the spin system so that certain forbidden transitions became weakly allowed due to second-order effects involving the nonsecular terms of the hyperfine interaction. The weak transitions cause modulation of the electron spin-echo signal, and a theoretical analysis suggests that the modulation frequency is primarily determined by the nuclear quadrupolar frequency; numerical simulations confirm the analytical results and show excellent quantitative agreement with experiments. This is an experimentally simple method of detecting quadrupolar interactions, and it can be used to study spin systems with an energy structure similar to that of the NV center.
Cancer-related Fatigue in Lung Cancer: A Research Agenda: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement (2023)

<b>Background:</b> Fatigue is the most common symptom among cancer survivors. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) may occur at any point in the cancer care continuum. Multiple factors contribute to CRF development and severity, including cancer type, treatments, presence of other symptoms, comorbidities, and medication side effects. Clinically, increasing physical activity, enhancing sleep quality, and recognizing sleep disorders are integral to managing CRF. Unfortunately, CRF is infrequently recognized, evaluated, or treated in lung cancer survivors despite more frequent and severe symptoms than in other cancers. Therefore, increased awareness and understanding of CRF are needed to improve health-related quality of life in lung cancer survivors. <b>Objectives:</b> <i>1</i>) To identify and prioritize knowledge and research gaps and <i>2</i>) to develop and prioritize research questions to evaluate mechanistic, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches to CRF among lung cancer survivors. <b>Methods:</b> We convened a multidisciplinary panel to review the available literature on CRF, focusing on the impacts of physical activity, rehabilitation, and sleep disturbances in lung cancer. We used a three-round modified Delphi process to prioritize research questions. <b>Results:</b> This statement identifies knowledge gaps in the <i>1</i>) detection and diagnostic evaluation of CRF in lung cancer survivors; <i>2</i>) timing, goals, and implementation of physical activity and rehabilitation; and <i>3</i>) evaluation and treatment of sleep disturbances and disorders to reduce CRF. Finally, we present the panel's initial 32 research questions and seven final prioritized questions. <b>Conclusions:</b> This statement offers a prioritized research agenda to <i>1</i>) advance clinical and research efforts and <i>2</i>) increase awareness of CRF in lung cancer survivors.
Polymerized vesicles (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerized vesiclesSteven L. Regen, Bronislaw Czech, and Alok SinghCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 21, 6638–6640Publication Date (Print):October 8, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 8 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00541a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00541a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views473Altmetric-Citations173LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fast and Scalable Training of Semi-Supervised CRFs with Application to Activity Recognition (2007)

We present a new and efficient semi-supervised training method for parameter estimation and feature selection in conditional random fields (CRFs). In real-world applications such as activity recognition, unlabeled sensor traces are relatively easy to obtain whereas labeled examples are expensive and tedious to collect. Furthermore, the ability to automatically select a small subset of discriminatory features from a large pool can be advantageous in terms of computational speed as well as accuracy. In this paper, we introduce the semi-supervised virtual evidence boosting (sVEB) algorithm for training CRFs – a semi-supervised extension to the recently developed virtual evidence boosting (VEB) method for feature selection and parameter learning. The objective function of sVEB combines the unlabeled conditional entropy with labeled conditional pseudo-likelihood. It reduces the overall system cost as well as the human labeling cost required during training, which are both important considerations in building real-world inference systems. Experiments on synthetic data and real activity traces collected from wearable sensors, illustrate that sVEB benefits from both the use of unlabeled data and automatic feature selection, and outperforms other semi-supervised approaches. 1
Leading articles Antibiotic efflux pumps in prokaryotic cells: occurrence, impact on resistance and strategies for the future of antimicrobial therapy (2003)

Originally described in bacteria, drug transporters (or efflux pumps) are now recognized as major determinants in the modulation of the accumulation and efflux of antibacterials in virtually all cell types, from prokaroytes to superior eukary-otes. Transport proteins are in fact major cellular products. Based on sequence similarities with known transporters and with proteins possessing at least two transmembrane seg-ments, it has been calculated that 15–20 % of the genome of Escherichia coli or of Saccharomyces cerevisiae may code for this type of protein.1 At least 300 gene products are pro-posed to transport known substrates effectively, out of which ∼20–30 transport antibiotics and other drugs.2 Figure 1, on this basis, identifies the main groups of transporters (also referred to as superfamilies) that have been shown so far to act effectively upon antibiotics. Two of these superfamilies
Gray‐scale addressing method by multi‐order paraunitary/orthogonal building blocks (2000)

Abstract— A new driving scheme for liquid‐crystal displays has been proposed, which uses paraunitary matrices as the diagonal building blocks. The new driving scheme has the advantages of lower hardware complexity than the well‐known MLA. In this paper, a new method is proposed for the implementation of gray scale in the recently proposed paraunitary driving scheme and the MLA. The method is based on multi‐order paraunitary/orthogonal building blocks, which strikes a balance between frame size and number of voltage levels.
Characterization of Thermorheological Behavior of Alaska Pollock and Pacific Whiting Surimi (2004)

ABSTRACT: Thermorheological behavior of Alaska pollock (AP) and Pacific whiting (PW) surimi was evaluated during gelation at different moisture contents (80% to 95%). The temperature sweep data (storage modulus, G′, compared with temperature) for both surimi clearly indicated G’ minima. Unlike for the PW surimi, the minimum values of the AP surimi was moisture‐content dependent and there was a linear relationship between logarithm of concentration and reciprocal absolute temperature at gelation. The activation energy ( Ea ) for aggregation after gelation temperature at each moisture content was calculated by a nonisothermal kinetic model for both AP and PW Surimi. The Ea values increased with moisture content of the system and ranged from 172.8 to 232.9 kJ/mol. Based on the assumption that melting temperature for a thermo‐reversible gel may be considered equivalent to gelation temperature for thermo‐irreversible gels, an Arrhenius‐type model was used to estimate the enthalpy of cross‐links formation for AP surimi to be 300.3 kJ/mol.
Cognitive Discovery: Accelerating Technical R&D with AI (2020)

Cognitive Discovery is an overarching framework that uses AI to achieve scientific knowledge extraction and representation, to intelligently design and guide simulations, in order to drastically accelerate the pace of scientific discovery. Cognitive Discovery targets to accelerate scientific workflows in technical disciplines and provide a new generation of tools. The workflows follow the cycle: a) Massive literature review in order to understand the problem at hand. Literature refers to all aspects such as mathematical modelling, solution methods, actual computer models and HPC deployment. b) Enrichment of literature data with experimental data and formation of hypotheses. c) Running simulations to test hypotheses and generate new knowledge in order to close any knowledge gaps. All three phases suffer today major disruptions. Simply put: the volume of new literature is exploding (e.g. roughly 450K new publications in materials science are published every year, tens of thousands of papers in numerical and HPC methods need to be reviewed). IoT advances as well as advances in measuring all aspects of HPC systems create an explosion of data. High fidelity models lead to massive configuration spaces the complexity of which clearly outpaces our capability to scale and efficiently run modern HPC systems. We will showcase how AI can help dramatically improve this setting and lead to a massive acceleration for scientific discovery.
Isolation and characterization of an RNA ligase from HeLa cells. (1985)

An RNA ligase has been purified from HeLa cells, which catalyzes the intra- and intermolecular ligation of linear RNA substrates possessing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini in the presence of ATP or dATP. In this reaction, the 2',3'-cyclic phosphate is incorporated into a 3'-5'-phosphodiester bond, in agreement with the findings of Filipowicz et al. [Filipowicz, W., Konarska, M., Gross, H. J. & Shatkin, A. J. (1983) Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 1405-1418]. The activity of the purified enzyme is dependent on the addition of ATP or dATP, a divalent cation (Mg2+), and 5'-hydroxyl, 2',3'-cyclic phosphate-terminated RNA substrates. No ligation occurs with the substrates OH(Up)10G(3')p or OH(Up)10G(2')p or with 5'-phosphate, 2',3'-cyclic phosphate-terminated oligoribonucleotides.
Advanced materials and biochemical processes for geothermal applications (1987)

Two Geothermal Technology Division (GTD)-sponsored programs: (1) Geothermal Materials Development, and (2) Advanced Biochemical Processes for Geothermal Brines, are described. In the former, work in the following tasks is in progress: (1) high temperature elastomeric materials for dynamic sealing applications, (2) advanced high temperature (300/sup 0/C) lightweight (1.1 g/cc) well cementing materials, (3) thermally conductive composites for heat exchanger tubing, (4) corrosion rates for metals in brine-contaminated binary plant working fluids, and (5) elastomeric liners for well casing. Methods for the utilization and/or the low cost environmentally acceptable disposal of toxic geothermal residues are being developed in the second program. This work is performed in two tasks. In one, microorganisms that can interact with toxic metals found in geothermal residues to convert them into soluble species for subsequent reinjection back into the reservoir or to concentrate them for removal by conventional processes are being identified. In the second task, process conditions are being defined for the encapsulation of untreated or partially biochemically treated residues in Portland cement-based formulations and the subsequent utilization of the waste fractions in building materials. Both processing methods yield materials which appear to meet disposal criteria for non-toxic solid waste, and their technical and economic feasibilities have been established.
A Perspective Projection Tutoring System With Motivation Diagnosis and Planning (2007)

Motivation is a paramount factor to student success. Although it is well known that the learner’s motivation and emotional state in educational contexts are very important, they have not been fully addressed in intelligent tutoring systems (ITS). In this paper, a method for integrated motivation diagnosis and motivational planning is described in a manner applied to an operable system. For the motivational diagnosis rules, three different channels of data (performance from interaction with the system, verbal communication, and feedbacks) are combined. For the motivational planning rules, four different strategies (different learning process, helps, different teaching strategies, and arousal questions or feedbacks) are combined. By applying the mechanisms, a tutoring system for the topic of perspective projection with motivation diagnosis and motivational planning on a multiagent system with fuzzy logic has been implemented.
Performance Improvements for Connecting Rod Bearings with “End-Relief” (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The constant engine development requirements of increased durability with lower cost, size and power loss need innovations in technology from designers and manufacturers of critical components such an engine bearings. A detailed experimental program has shown that a connecting rod bearing with “end-relief” grooves can give surprising and unexpected benefits in reducing bearing temperature. Bearing shells with “end-relief” resulted in an effective bearing width reduced by 6mm or 30%, yet still gave benefits in temperature reduction. The depth of the “end-relief” was too large for any hydrodynamic oil film to generate pressure to support the applied load.&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Concepts and Molecular Aspects in the Polypharmacology of PARP‐1 Inhibitors (2016)

Abstract Review: [52 refs.
Acylations of Certain α-Alkoxy and α-Aryloxy Ketones and Esters (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcylations of Certain α-Alkoxy and α-Aryloxy Ketones and EstersJon. Munch-Petersen and Charles R. HauserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 3, 770–773Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01171a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01171a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Independent component analysis based on improved quantum genetic algorithm: application in hyperspectral images (2005)

To avoid the restriction of neuron activation functions of neural learning algorithm and the disadvantage of getting into local optimum solution with general numerical computation method, a novel independent component analysis (ICA) based on improved quantum genetic algorithm (IQGA) is proposed in our paper. Moreover, Han's quantum genetic algorithm (QGA) is improved by adopting the quantum crossover and quantum mutation to overcome the premature convergence and increase the search capability in our work. The proposed algorithm is applied to hyperspectral anomaly detection. The effectiveness of the algorithm is evaluated by HYDICE hyperspectral images. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm has better detection effect and time efficiency than QGA