gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transfer of miRNA in Macrophage-Derived Exosomes Induces Drug Resistance in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2018)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is known for its resistance to gemcitabine, which acts to inhibit cell growth by termination of DNA replication. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) were recently shown to contribute to gemcitabine resistance; however, the exact mechanism of this process is still unclear. Using a genetic mouse model of PDAC and electron microscopy analysis, we show that TAM communicate with the tumor microenvironment via secretion of approximately 90 nm vesicles, which are selectively internalized by cancer cells. Transfection of artificial dsDNA (<i>barcode fragment</i>) to murine peritoneal macrophages and injection to mice bearing PDAC tumors revealed a 4-log higher concentration of the <i>barcode fragment</i> in primary tumors and in liver metastasis than in normal tissue. These macrophage-derived exosomes (MDE) significantly decreased the sensitivity of PDAC cells to gemcitabine, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> This effect was mediated by the transfer of miR-365 in MDE. miR-365 impaired activation of gemcitabine by upregulation of the triphospho-nucleotide pool in cancer cells and the induction of the enzyme cytidine deaminase; the latter inactivates gemcitabine. Adoptive transfer of miR-365 in TAM induced gemcitabine resistance in PDAC-bearing mice, whereas immune transfer of the miR-365 antagonist recovered the sensitivity to gemcitabine. Mice deficient of <i>Rab27 a/b</i> genes, which lack exosomal secretion, responded significantly better to gemcitabine than did wildtype. These results identify MDE as key regulators of gemcitabine resistance in PDAC and demonstrate that blocking miR-365 can potentiate gemcitabine response.<b>Significance:</b> Harnessing macrophage-derived exosomes as conveyers of antagomiRs augments the effect of chemotherapy against cancer, opening new therapeutic options against malignancies where resistance to nucleotide analogs remains an obstacle to overcome. <i>Cancer Res; 78(18); 5287-99. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Automated image‐based colon cleansing for laxative‐free CT colonography computer‐aided polyp detection (2011)

An automated image-based colon cleansing algorithm designed to overcome the challenges of the noncathartic colon significantly improves the sensitivity of colon CAD by approximately 15%.
Time-Resolved Surface Microscopy of Single Shot Few-Cycle Pulse Laser Ablation of Single Layer TiO2 Thin Films (2018)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text N. Talisa, K. Werner, and E. Chowdhury, "Time-Resolved Surface Microscopy of Single Shot Few-Cycle Pulse Laser Ablation of Single Layer TiO2 Thin Films," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2018), paper SM3O.7. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Extension distribution for DNA confined in a nanochannel near the Odijk regime (2019)

DNA confinement in a nanochannel typically is understood via mapping to the confinement of an equivalent neutral polymer by hard walls. This model has proven to be effective for confinement in relatively large channels where hairpin formation is frequent. An analysis of existing experimental data for Escherichia coli DNA extension in channels smaller than the persistence length, combined with an additional dataset for λ-DNA confined in a 34 nm wide channel, reveals a breakdown in this approach as the channel size approaches the Odijk regime of strong confinement. In particular, the predicted extension distribution obtained from the asymptotic solution to the weakly correlated telegraph model for a confined wormlike chain deviates significantly from the experimental distribution obtained for DNA confinement in the 34 nm channel, and the discrepancy cannot be resolved by treating the alignment fluctuations or the effective channel size as fitting parameters. We posit that the DNA-wall electrostatic interactions, which are sensible throughout a significant fraction of the channel cross section in the Odijk regime, are the source of the disagreement between theory and experiment. Dimensional analysis of the wormlike chain propagator in channel confinement reveals the importance of a dimensionless parameter, reflecting the magnitude of the DNA-wall electrostatic interactions relative to thermal energy, which has not been considered explicitly in the prevailing theories for DNA confinement in a nanochannel.
Studies on Optimization of Extraction Process and Superoxide Scavenging Capability of Polysaccharides from Aloe arborescens Mill (2006)

Three factors-temperature、ethanol concentration and time for the extracting process of polysaccharide from Aloe arborescens Mill were studied by means of orthogonal experiment design methods L9(33).The influences of these factors were analyzed and the activity of polysaccharide was measured.The results indicated that the temperature significantly affected its yield.The optimum combination was temperature(85℃),ethanol concentration(80%) and time(1h).The ability of its polysaccharide which was obtained on the optimum conditions to weed out the oxygen radical by using ammonium persulfate/ N,N,N~,,N,tetramethyl ethylene diamine system(AP-TEMED)method was pretty well.
A device of automatic distillation apparatus of purified water (1967)

A smaller sized and efficient apparatus for automatic distillation of purified water (Fig. 1, 2) was deviced. The distillation flask was made of hard glass as a double walled flask, to which a Liebig condensor was directly connected. A heater was prepared by winding a nichrome wire around the bobin of electric stove, and set inside of the tube. Three floats made of polyethylene resin were used for the automatic operation of the apparatus, with which the contact points were joined respectively. One of them put on and off the electric current in an air pump which presses the starting water in a bottle to maintain the water level in the flask. The others work through a micro-relay-switch respectively to put on the current of the heater when water is poured to an appropriate level into the flask, and to put off the current when the pressure drop of the cooling water occurs. The potassium permanganate consumption test of the distilled water (Fig. 3) proved that the distillation by the apparatus eliminated a greater part of organic substances from the starting water.
Coriolis mass flow and density sensor actuation using a phase-locked loop (2017)

This paper reports on novel feedback based actua-tion electronics that use the voltage from the induction track of a Coriolis mass flow sensor as input signal for a phase-locked loop. The phase-locked loop consists of a phase detector that measures the difference between the actuation voltage and the induction voltage from the Coriolis mass flow sensor. A voltage controlled oscil-lator is directly tuned by this phase mismatch and synthesizes an harmonic signal for actuation. Therefore, the frequency of the signal synthesized by the phase-locked loop will gradually be adjusted to the resonance frequency of the Coriolis mass flow sensor, making it more robust to disturbances. Besides, waveform shape and amplitude can be easily altered. First experimental results show that the phase-locked loop controls the frequency as a function of density for different fluids. Stability is tested for nitrogen and shows a standard deviation of 0.14818 Hz for 20 ks.
Maximum entropy method in phase‐encoding NMR imaging (1987)

Abstract Results are reported which demonstrate that the maximum entropy method can be applied to phase‐encoding NMR imaging. © 1987 Academic Press, Inc.
Enzymatic mechanism and product specificity of SET-domain protein lysine methyltransferases (2008)

Molecular dynamics and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics have been used to investigate the mechanisms of (+)AdoMet methylation of protein-Lys-NH(2) catalyzed by the lysine methyltransferase enzymes: histone lysine monomethyltransferase SET7/9, Rubisco large-subunit dimethyltransferase, viral histone lysine trimethyltransferase, and the Tyr245Phe mutation of SET7/9. At neutrality in aqueous solution, primary amines are protonated. The enzyme reacts with Lys-NH(3)(+) and (+)AdoMet species to provide an Enz.Lys-NH(3)(+).(+)AdoMet complex. The close positioning of two positive charges lowers the pK(a) of the Lys-NH(3)(+) entity, a water channel appears, and the proton escapes to the aqueous solvent; then the reaction Enz.Lys-NH(2).(+)AdoMet --> Enz.Lys-N(Me)H(2)(+).AdoHcy occurs. Repeat of the sequence provides dimethylated lysine, and another repeat yields a trimethylated lysine. The sequence is halted at monomethylation when the conformation of the Enz.Lys-N(Me)H(2)(+).(+)AdoMet has the methyl positioned to block formation of a water channel. The sequence of reactions stops at dimethylation if the conformation of Enz.Lys-N(Me)(2)H(+).(+)AdoMet has a methyl in position, which forbids the formation of the water channel.
Decreased Functional Brain Connectivity in Adolescents with Internet Addiction (2013)

Internet addiction is associated with a widespread and significant decrease of functional connectivity in cortico-striatal circuits, in the absence of global changes in brain functional network topology.
Low Bandwidth Video-Chat Compression using Deep Generative Models (2021)

To unlock video chat for hundreds of millions of people hindered by poor connectivity or unaffordable data costs, we propose to authentically reconstruct faces on the receiver’s device using facial landmarks extracted at the sender’s side and transmitted over the network. In this context, we discuss and evaluate the benefits and disadvantages of several deep adversarial approaches. In particular, we explore quality and bandwidth trade-offs for approaches based on static landmarks, dynamic landmarks or segmentation maps. We design a mobile-compatible architecture based on the first order animation model of Siarohin et al. In addition, we leverage SPADE blocks to refine results in important areas such as the eyes and lips. We compress the networks down to about 3 MB, allowing models to run in real time on iPhone 8 (CPU). This approach enables video calling at a few kbits per second, an order of magnitude lower than currently available alternatives.
Global Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Depression After Liver Transplant: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2022)

Depression is highly prevalent after LT and may be associated with increased mortality and poorer graft outcomes. More emphasis is needed on the screening of depression among higher risk recipients.
Amylase and Chymotrypsinogen Synthesis and Secretion by the Anesthetized Rat Pancreas (1987)

To investigate the origin of nonparallel secretion, pancreatic juice was collected in the anesthetized rat, during infusion of [3H]phenylalanine. In the basal state, the amylase to chymotrypsinogen ratios of activities and of [3H] incorporations were 3.5 and 2.5 times higher than in the homogenate, respectively. Both ratios decreased to the value in the homogenate upon caerulein stimulation (600 ng/kg). Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide (15 ng/kg) did not alter enzyme secretion ratios, and depressed basal protein output only partly, suggesting similar secretory pathways for basal and stimulated secretion. Finally, when [3H]phenylalanine was given before anesthesia, the amylase to chymotrypsinogen ratio of incorporations was again higher in basal secretion than in homogenate, even when further protein synthesis was blocked by cycloheximide before urethane injection. Hence, basal secretion comes from a pancreatic compartment which is functional, although minor, in the conscious animal, and shows a higher rate of amylase synthesis, compared to chymotrypsinogen, than the rest of the gland. It could consist of a subpopulation of acinar cells.
Supplementary Figure from Temozolomide and Radiotherapy versus Radiotherapy Alone in Patients with Glioblastoma, <i>IDH</i>-wildtype: <i>Post Hoc</i> Analysis of the EORTC Randomized Phase III CATNON Trial (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Temozolomide and Radiotherapy versus Radiotherapy Alone in Patients with Glioblastoma, &lt;i&gt;IDH&lt;/i&gt;-wildtype: &lt;i&gt;Post Hoc&lt;/i&gt; Analysis of the EORTC Randomized Phase III CATNON Trial
Single-image motion deblurring using a low-dimensional hand shake blur model (2010)

A new algorithm for camera shake removal from a single image is presented. The motion blur point spread function (PSF) is represented in terms of the camera's angular velocity, which is in turn approximated by a linear function of time. Edge spread functions are estimated from isolated edges within the image, and the information along different directions is combined in an optimization procedure to find the best matching PSF. The image is then restored using the Wiener filter, followed by a post-processing algorithm for ringing artifact reduction. Results on real images taken with a digital camera are demonstrated.
Crystallization kinetics and morphology of poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (1998)

A series of poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilanes) were prepared via anionic ring-opening polymerization. The isothermal crystallization kinetics were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and analyzed in terms of the Avrami equation. The value of the Avrami exponent is approximately 3 for the majority of samples and crystallization temperatures. This suggests a three-dimensional spherulitic growth and an instantaneous nucleation mechanism. The morphology of melt-crystallized samples was studied by atomic force microscopy. Hedrites (immature spherulites) were formed at low undercoolings whereas at high levels of undercooling mature, well developed spherulites were observed with small hedritic features in their center. The melting enthalpy for a 100% crystalline polymer was estimated to be 36 J/g from differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction data obtained by using specimens with different degrees of crystallinity.
Ocular Inflammation and Neovascularization (2007)

Neovascularization, also termed “angiogenesis,’ is the process of generating new capillary blood vessels as an extension of existing vasculature (). Neovascularization is an integral part of normal developmental processes and numerous pathologies, ranging from tumor growth and metastasis to inflammation and ocular disease. This process is driven by a cocktail of proangiogenic growth factors and cytokines and is tempered by an equally diverse group of inhibitors of neovascularization.
ESL Students' Opinions about Instruction in Pronunciation. (1997)

A study investigated the attitudes of learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) concerning pronunciation as a part of their language learning experience. It also examined differences across gender, native languages, and majors. Subjects were 49 intermediate-level ESL students at a large university, approximately half of them male and half female, from a wide range of language backgrounds. A questionnaire elicited biographical information and data on language learning histories, personal attitudes about pronunciation, and pronunciation correction in and outside the classroom. Results indicate no statistical differences between men and women, although men reported slightly higher anxiety about pronunciation and correction. It was predicted that speakers of non-Indo-European languages would respond more negatively to pronunciation instruction and correction than speakers of Indo-European languages, the opposite was found to be true, although not statistically significantly. Different levels of satisfaction for pronunciation performance were found. Little difference was found across majors. Overall, students valued pronunciation as an important part of instruction, needing more correction both within and outside the classroom and wanting more emphasis placed on pronunciation. The questionnaire is appended. Contains 18 references. (MSE) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION XThis document has been R reproduced as CENTER (EIC) received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. o Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) ESL Students' Opinions About Instruction in Pronunciation
Compression for leg wounds (2015)

The main points in this scholarly review on the use of compression therapy in leg ulcers are the different modes of action of this treatment and the tools that are available including their practical applicability and use for self management. Due to its effect of counteracting gravity, compression is also suggested for ulcers with aetiologies that are not usually thought to require compression. The clinical evidence reported in ulcer-healing studies are discussed and some considerations are made relating to the cost-effectiveness of this management. In general, the failures of compression therapy are not caused by poor compression material but due to poor knowledge and application techniques of the care providers. Future studies comparing different compression devices should also report details concerning the compression material used and the pressure exerted.
Myofibrillar Myopathy with Abnormal Foci of Desmin Positivity. II. Immunocytochemical Analysis Reveals Accumulation of Multiple Other Proteins (1996)

The two major types of lesions in myofibrillar myopathy consist of hyaline spheroidal structures composed of compacted myofibrillar residues, and nonhyaline lesions that comprise foci of myofibrillar destruction. We employed immunocytochemical analysis to further characterize these abnormalities. The nonhyaline lesions are depleted of actin, alpha-actinin, myosin, and, less consistently, of titin and nebulin. Thus, each major component of the myofibrils is lost or decreased. These lesions also react strongly for both NCAM and desmin. By contrast, the hyaline structures are highly enriched in actin, are immunoreactive for fast and slow myosin, and show increased expression of titin, nebulin, and alpha-actinin. They fail to react for NCAM and react variably for desmin. Both types of lesion react, but with differing intensities, for gelsolin, dystrophin, beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta APP) epitopes amino-terminal to the alpha-secretase site, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and ubiquitin, and both can be congophilic. The increased expressions of desmin, dystrophin and gelsolin in muscle are also confirmed by immunoblot studies. The results, in harmony with the ultrastructural findings described in the companion paper, suggest that myofibrillar myopathy is conditioned by abnormal activation of a degradative process that primarily affects the myofibrils. A structural abnormality of desmin alone may not be sufficient to disrupt the myofibrillar architecture, but abnormal activation of a phosphorylating process could account for dissolution of the myofibrils. The cause and significance of the ectopic overexpression of desmin, dystrophin, NCAM, and beta APP components, and the chemical basis of the congophilia remain unknown.
Synthesis and Antiprotozoal Activity of [1,3]Oxazino[4,5,6‐de]quinolines. (2004)

The synthesis of 1,3-oxazino-anellated 4-amino-5-hydroxy-quinolines has been investigated. Cyclisation to 2,3-dihydro[1,3]oxazino[4,5,6-de]quinoline-2-ones/-2-thiones (2/3) was achieved by reaction with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole or 1,1'-thiocarbonyldiimidazole. Cyclocondensation with aldehydes yielded 2,3-dihydro[1,3]oxazino[4,5,6-de]quinoline-derivatives (5). All new tricyclic compounds exhibited weak antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum.
High-Performance Chromatographic Separation of Inositol Phosphate Isomers on Strong Anion Exchange Columns (1998)

Inositol phosphates are focused on because of their functions in the cell, as well as their effects on the bioavailability of certain minerals. To improve the separation of inositol hexakis- to monophosphates (InsP6−InsP1) and their positional isomers, six different strong anion exchange columns (OmniPac PAX-100, CarboPac PA-100, CarboPac PA-10, IonPac AS11, Mini Q PC 3.2/3, and ION-120 anion column) were compared in two ion chromatographic analysis systems. InsP2−InsP6 were acidic gradient eluted, postcolumn derivatized, and UV detected in system 1, and InsP3−InsP1 were alkali gradient eluted and detected using chemically suppressed conductivity detection in system 2. Differences in retention data were shown depending on the column characteristics for inositol phosphates with various numbers of phosphate groups attached to the inositol ring. In system 1 the anion exchange columns PA-10 and PA-100 were best suited for the separation of isomers of InsP2 and InsP6−InsP3, respectively. Mobile phase optimization was used to successfully separate inositol phosphate isomers, as illustrated in a food sample. In system 2, PAX-100 and AS11 were the only columns useful to separate isomers of InsP3−InsP1 and InsP3−InsP2, respectively, using the current eluent (NaOH). Keywords: Ion chromatography; anion exchange columns; inositol phosphate isomers
Toward Solution-State Structure. A6Li,1H HOESY NMR, X-ray Diffraction, Semiempirical (PM3, MNDO), and ab Initio Computational Study of a Chiral Lithium Amide (1998)

Computational studies of a chiral lithium amide (lithium (2-methoxy-(R)-1-phenylethyl)((S)-1-phenylethyl)amide, 3) using the solid-state structure as a reference geometry showed that there were only small differences between the X-ray and ab initio and PM3 calculated structures. Furthermore, we have shown that reference distances from either X-ray or ab initio/PM3 can be used for the calculation of Li−H distances using Li−H NOE data. The calculations of Li−H distances using HOESY buildup rates showed that the solution structure of 3·THF is similar to the structure obtained in the gas phase (calculated) and in the solid phase (X-ray). Small variations of ±0.2 Å were observed between X-ray/ab initio and NOE data for distances less than 4 Å.
Designing an alternative to conventional room cooling (2001)

Recently technology advances have driven the power densities of electronics to unprecedented levels but unfortunately central office and data center infrastructure technology advancements have not kept pace. Trends indicate that room densities for both central offices and data centers will jump from less than 1000 W/m 2 to densities of over W/m 2 in the near future This paper will discuss a new technology that enables room coding capacities to exceed the needs of the next generation of electronics. The paper will focus on the design, development and verification testing of this system which was deployed in a full-scale prototype data center and demonstrated capacities as high as 5000 W/m 2 .
Carer burden and behavioral disturbance is similar between younger-onset Alzheimer’s disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (2023)

Carers of YOD face high burden and are managing significant challenging behaviors. We found no difference in carer burden between younger-onset AD and bvFTD. This could be due to similarities in the two subtypes in terms of abnormal behavior, motivation, and self-care as measured on CBI-R, contrary to previous literature. Clinicians should screen for carer burden and associated factors including behavioral symptoms in YOD syndromes, as they may contribute to carer burden regardless of the type.