gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of the Salvadorean and Nicaraguan Cotton Sectors (1991)

Since the boom in cotton farming, this sector has played a vital role in the economies of Central America. Over the past decades, cotton-growing both in Nicaragua and El Salvador has brought economic development in terms of the generation of income, employment, economic infrastructure in the countryside, as well as the provision of foreign exchange. The effects of accelerating capitalist development in the countryside have been the expulsion of peasants from the cotton regions, their proletarianisation and marginalisation. In addition, the production of basic grains has diminished through the expansion of this agro-export sector, while cotton production has created less employment than it destroyed, and has been accompanied by bad working conditions and low wages.KeywordsCotton FibreLarge ProducerSmall ProducerLand ReformCotton ProductionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
First occurrence of <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> in Bordeaux vineyards (2022)

Here we report the first detection of Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) in Bordeaux vineyards. The species is native to Eastern Asia and was introduced to France in 2012. Halyomorpha halys is highly polyphagous and causes significant damage to various crops, including grapevines. From 2018 to 2020, Pentatomidae species were collected in vineyards in the Bordeaux region. In 2020, the first nymphs and adults of H. halys were identified in the plot centres. The study emphasizes the need for field population monitoring in risk assessment and, consequently, risk management.
Antigen-restricted γδ T-cell receptors? (2009)

After more than two decades of investigation, the biological role of the gammadelta T-cell receptors (TCRs) remains elusive. In fact, a theory of ligand recognition is still lacking that accounts for their adaptable structure, their peripheral selection, and the observed responses of gammadelta T cells, which do not require immunization but only include cells sharing germline-encoded components of the TCR. Assuming that all gammadelta T cells recognize ligands by a common mechanism, we now propose that germline-encoded components of the gammadelta TCRs provide for the specific recognition of a select set of antigenic determinants (Ags) which appear on the cell surface in various molecular associations. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the adaptivity of the gammadelta TCRs serves to increase affinity for the molecules with which these Ags associate rather than for the Ags themselves. Here we outline this hypothetical mechanism and discuss its possible implications for thymic selection and potential for complementing known innate and adaptive mechanisms of immune defense.
Microbial dechlorination of historically present and freshly spiked chlorinated dioxins and diversity of dioxin-dechlorinating populations (1996)

The ability of a microbial consortium eluted from dioxin-contaminated Passaic River sediments to dechlorinate polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) was investigated under methanogenic conditions. Aged 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD, which had partitioned into the microbial consortium from sediments, was stoichiometrically converted to tri- and monoCDD congeners. During dechlorination, dominant microbial activity within the consortium shifted from methanogenic to nonmethanogenic activity. Freshly spiked octaCDD was converted to hepta-, hexa-, penta-, tetra-, tri-, di-, and monochlorinated isomers, but the reaction stoichiometry was not determined. No methanogenic activity was observed, and the maximum yield of protein coincided with the production of less-chlorinated DD congeners. Two distinct pathways of dechlorination were observed: the peri-dechlorination pathway of 2,3,7,8-substituted hepta- to pentaCDDs, resulting in the production of 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD, and the peri-lateral dechlorination pathway of non-2,3,7,8-substituted congeners. Direct evidence of further lateral dechlorination of 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD was obtained from the historically contaminated incubations; no isomer-specific identification of triCDDs in spiked incubations was determined. Pasteurized cells exhibited no peri-dechlorination pathway, and triCDDs were the least-chlorinated congeners produced in these treatments. These results demonstrate that (i) both freshly spiked and aged PCDDs are available to microbial reductive dechlorination, (ii) the peri and triCDD dechlorinations are attributed to activities of nonmethanogenic, non-spore-forming microbial subpopulations, and (iii) the 2,3,7,8-residue patterns in historically contaminated sediments are likely affected by microbial activity.
Improperly folded green fluorescent protein is secreted via a non-classical pathway (2002)

The green fluorescent protein is a cytosolic protein frequently used as a molecular tag to study protein localization in intact cells. We discovered that this protein is secreted into the medium by several but not all cell lines through a non-classical secretory pathway that is insensitive to brefeldin A. Green fluorescent protein is secreted efficiently by Chinese hamster ovary cells, with 60% of synthesized proteins secreted over 8 hours. This pathway is sensitive to changes in temperature but not to factors in serum or chemicals known to affect other non-classical protein secretion pathways. Fluorescence is observed in cells expressing green fluorescent protein, indicating that some of the protein must be fully folded in the cytosol. However, secreted green fluorescent protein is not fluorescent and therefore not folded properly. Furthermore, cellular fluorescence does not change over 6 hours whereas a significant proportion of green fluorescent protein is secreted. Thus, nascent green fluorescent protein either is folded correctly or incorrectly, and the improperly folded molecules can be exported. Non-classical secretion might be a route by which cells remove an excess of improperly folded, cytosolic proteins.
Generation and quenching of intensity pulsations in semiconductor lasers coupled to external cavities (1980)

The behavior of self-pulsing and nonpulsing lasers coupled to external cavities is investigated experimentally and theoretically. We investigate the dependence of the pulsation characteristics on the external cavity length using a saturable absorber model for self-pulsing lasers. It was found that quenching of self-pulsation occurs only for a certain limited range of external cavity length, and the frequencies of external-cavity induced pulsations lies within a certain range determined by the coupling coefficient. Small-signal analysis allows these ranges to be derived analytically. Hitherto, complex pulsation phenomena can be explained very intuitively by interpreting the combined laser-external cavity system as a microwave oscillator with a limited gain band and discrete mode structure.
Quantal release at a neuronal nicotinic synapse from rat adrenal gland. (1996)

The neuronal nicotinic synapse in tissue slices of the adrenal medulla was studied with whole-cell patch-clamp. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were evoked by local field stimulation or occurred spontaneously especially when external [K+] was increased. EPSCs were carried by channels sharing biophysical and pharmacological properties of neuronal-type nicotinic receptors (nAChRs). A single-channel conductance (gamma) of 43-45 pS was found from nonstationary variance analysis of EPSCs. Spontaneous EPSCs were tetrodotoxin-insensitive and Ca(2+)-dependent and occurred in burst-like clusters. Quantal analysis of spontaneous EPSCs gave a quantal size of 20 pA and amplitude histograms were well described by binomial models with low values of quantal content, consistent with a small number of spontaneously active release sites. However, rare large amplitude EPSCs suggest that the total number of sites is higher and that extrajunctional receptors are involved. Our estimates of quantal content and size at the chromaffin cell neuronal nicotinic synapse may be useful in characterizing central neuronal-type nicotinic receptor-mediated cholinergic synaptic transmission.
Mobile Charging in Wireless-Powered Sensor Networks: Optimal Scheduling and Experimental Implementation (2017)

Wireless radio frequency (RF) energy transfer is a promising technology to provide a reliability-guaranteed power supply for wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we consider a special wireless-powered sensor network consisting of a mobile energy station that can travel through a preplanned path to charge wireless-powered sensors located in the considered area. We develop a hardware platform using off-the-shelf RF energy transfer hardware equipment to evaluate the practical performance of wireless sensor networks powered by RF energy transfer. We establish an empirical model based on our developed platform and use the empirical model to jointly optimize path planning and mobile charge scheduling for wireless-powered sensor networks. We derive the optimal policy for the mobile energy station to optimize its decisions about the path that it will travel and the subset of sensors to charge during each time period. Numerical results show that our derived policy significantly improves the performance of wireless sensor networks in different practical scenarios.
Changes in chemokines and their receptors in blood during treatment with the TNF inhibitor infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2013)

The chemokines CXCL10/IP-10, CCL2/MCP-1, and CCL4/MIP-1β, mainly targeting the T-helper (Th)1 immune response, decreased after treatment with anti-TNF, suggesting a more pronounced effect on Th1 activity than on Th2-mediated response. Several chemokine receptors on blood T cells were elevated in RA patients, suggesting that they may be involved in the recruitment of T lymphocytes from the blood to affected tissues.
Zinc in the Anterior Pituitary of Rat: A Histochemical and Analytical Work (1987)

Recent studies have suggested zinc to be a possible modulator of hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary. The three aims of the present study were: to estimate the total amount of zinc in the gland by instrumental analysis; to visualize the zinc at light and electron microscopical levels, and to estimate the amount of zinc that can be visualized by histochemical techniques. PIXE measurement showed the total amount of zinc to be 74 ng/mg dry weight in males and 100 ng/mg dry weight in females, which is a highly significant difference. Histochemically, the zinc was shown by a modified Timm method and the selenium method to be localized to the secretory granules, and to a smaller extent to the Golgi apparatus of the somatotrophs, corticotrophs and thyrotrophs. Chelation of tissue zinc by intravital dithizone treatment effectively blocked subsequent selenium and Timm staining in the secretory granules, and PIXE assays of the chelated metal (extracted into CCl4) showed it constituted less than 5% of the total zinc in the tissue. It is concluded from the study that zinc is present in the anterior pituitary of rats in rather high amounts and that loosely bound zinc, which is suggested to exert a biological effect by itself, can be located to the parts of the cells responsible for production, storing and release of hormones.
Exit right : the unravelling of John Howard (2007)

In 'Exit Right', Judith Brett explains why the tide turned on John Howard. This is an essay about leadership, in particular Howard's style of strong leadership which led him to dominate his party with such ultimately catastrophic results. In this definitive account, Brett discusses how age became Howard's Achilles heel, how he lost the youth vote, how he lost Bennelong, and how he waited too long to call the election. She looks at the government's core failings - the policy vacuum, the blindness to climate change, the disastrous misjudgement of WorkChoices - and shows how Howard and his team came more and more to insulate themselves from reality. With drama and insight, Judith Brett traces the key moments when John Howard stared defeat in the face, and explains why, after the Keating - Howard years, the ascendancy of Kevin Rudd marks a new phase in the nation's political life.
Assembly of chromosome-scale contigs by efficiently resolving repetitive sequences with long reads (2018)

Abstract Due to the large number of repetitive sequences in complex eukaryotic genomes, fragmented and incompletely assembled genomes lose value as reference sequences, often due to short contigs that cannot be anchored or mispositioned onto chromosomes. Here we report a novel method H ighly E fficient R epeat A ssembly (HERA), which includes a new concept called a connection graph as well as algorithms for constructing the graph. HERA resolves repeats at high efficiency with single-molecule sequencing data, and enables the assembly of chromosome-scale contigs by further integrating genome maps and Hi-C data. We tested HERA with the genomes of rice R498, maize B73, human HX1 and Tartary buckwheat Pinku1. HERA can correctly assemble most of the tandemly repetitive sequences in rice using single-molecule sequencing data only. Using the same maize and human sequencing data published by Jiao et al. (2017) and Shi et al. (2016), respectively, we dramatically improved on the sequence contiguity compared with the published assemblies, increasing the contig N50 from 1.3 Mb to 61.2 Mb in maize B73 assembly and from 8.3 Mb to 54.4 Mb in human HX1 assembly with HERA. We provided a high-quality maize reference genome with 96.9% of the gaps filled (only 76 gaps left) and several incorrectly positioned sequences fixed compared with the B73 RefGen_v4 assembly. Comparisons between the HERA assembly of HX1 and the human GRCh38 reference genome showed that many gaps in GRCh38 could be filled, and that GRCh38 contained some potential errors that could be fixed. We assembled the Pinku1 genome into 12 scaffolds with a contig N50 size of 27.85 Mb. HERA serves as a new genome assembly/phasing method to generate high quality sequences for complex genomes and as a curation tool to improve the contiguity and completeness of existing reference genomes, including the correction of assembly errors in repetitive regions.
A wide-band smooth-walled feedhorn with low cross polarization for millimeter astronomy (2010)

We present a smooth-walled feedhorn with cross polarization and reflected power lower than -30 dB across the entire 30% bandwidth. A prototype feedhorn has been fabricated, and the wide-band, low-cross polarization performance has been demonstrated. The feedhorn has a circular aperture and monotonically narrows towards an input waveguide interface. This allows it to be manufactured by progressively milling the profile using a set of custom tools. This is especially useful in applications where a large number of feeds are desired in a planar array format. Such applications include astronomical cameras in millimeter waveband that require large arrays of detectors for future increases in mapping speed and sensitivity. Specifically, large arrays of feedhorns are well-matched to the problem of measuring the polarization of the cosmic microwave background to search for the faint signature of inflation, as they provide good beam control, the requisite sensitivity, and compatibility with low-noise bolometric detectors.
Antimüllerian Hormone in Patients with Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (1999)

Antimullerian hormone (AMH) is produced by immature Sertoli cells until pubertal maturation. At puberty, elevation of serum testosterone correlates with a decrease in serum AMH. To further investigate the hormonal control of AMH secretion, serum AMH levels were measured in 20 normal men (20-60 yr), in 12 patients (19-30 yr) with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH), and in 18 patients (19-65 yr) with acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (AHH) either untreated or during testosterone or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) therapy. Mean serum AMH levels in normal adult men were low (20+/-4.9 pmol/L). In untreated CHH patients, mean serum AMH levels were significantly higher than in normal men (292+/-86 pmol/L, P < 0.001) and were similar to those previously reported in prepubertal boys. In men with AHH, mean serum AMH levels were also significantly increased (107+/-50 pmol/L; P < 0.01) when compared with healthy men but were less than in men with CHH. In addition, in 10 patients treated for prostate cancer, a modest but significant increase of serum AMH (from 11.4 +/-5.7 pmol/L to 49+/-9.9 pmol/L; P < 0.01) was observed 12 months after suppression of the gonadal axis with the GnRH agonist Triptorelin (3.75 mg IM once a month). Plasma testosterone (T) and serum AMH levels were measured at baseline and at 3 and 6 months in 10 HH patients (6 CHH and 4 AHH) treated with hCG (1500 IU/twice weekly for 6 months) and in 8 HH (4 CHH and 4 AHH) patients treated with T (T enanthate 250 mg/3 weeks for 6 months). hCG treatment induced an increase of plasma T (from 1.0+/-0.7 to 11+/-2.4 and 19+/-4.8 nmol/L, at 3 and 6 months respectively) associated with a dramatic decrease of serum AMH (from 314+/-93 to 56+/-30 and 17+/-4.3 pmol/L). The similar increase in plasma T levels (from 1.4+/-1.0 to 15.6+/-4.2 and 23+/-6.2 ng/mL) obtained with exogenous T induced a lesser decrease of serum AMH (from 221+/-107 pmol/L to 114+/-50 and 66+/-17 pmol/L, at 3 and 6 months respectively). In conclusion, high plasma AMH levels in CHH patients are related to the absence of pubertal maturation of Sertoli cells. The high AMH levels in AHH and its increase after Triptorelin-induced gonadotropin deficiency suggest that the suppression of AMH is a reversible phenomenon. Finally, the inhibition of AMH production by Sertoli cells is induced by intratesticular T.
Composition and Tissue-Specific Distribution of Stilbenoids in Grape Canes Are Affected by Downy Mildew Pressure in the Vineyard (2015)

Grape canes are byproducts of viticulture containing valuable bioactive stilbenoids including monomers and oligomers of E-resveratrol. Although effective contents in stilbenoids are known to be highly variable, the determining factors influencing this composition remain poorly understood. As stilbenoids are locally induced defense compounds in response to phytopathogens, this study assessed the impact of downy mildew infection during the growing season on the stilbenoid composition of winter-harvested grape canes. The spatial distribution between pith, conducting tissues, and cortex of E-piceatannol, E-resveratrol, E-ε-viniferin, ampelopsin A, E-miyabenol C, Z/E-vitisin B, hopeaphenol, and isohopeaphenol in grape canes from infected vineyards was strongly altered. In conducting tissues, representing the main site of stilbenoid accumulation, E-ε-viniferin content was higher and E-resveratrol content was lower. These findings suppose that the health status in vineyards could modify the composition of stilbenoids in winter-harvested grape canes and subsequently the potential biological properties of the valuable extracts.
From semistructured data to XML: Migrating the Lore data model and query language (2000)

Research on semistructured data over the last several years has focused on data models, query languages, and systems where the database is modeled as some form of labeled, directed graph [Abi97, Bun97]. The recent emergence of eXtensible Markup Language (XML) as a new standard for data representation and exchange on the World-Wide Web has drawn significant attention [BPSM98]. Researchers have casually observed a striking similarity between semistructured data models and XML. While similarities do abound, some key differences dictate changes to any existing data model, query language, or DBMS for semistructured data in order to fully support XML. This paper describes our experiences migrating the Lore database management system for semistructured data [MAG+97] to work with XML. We present our modified data model, whose definition was a subtly challenging task given that XML itself is just a textual language. Based on this model, we describe changes to Lorel, Lore’s query language. We also briefly discuss changes to Lore’s dynamic structural summaries (DataGuides [GW97]) and the relationship of DataGuides to XML’s Document Type Definitions (DTDs). 1 OEM and Lorel Lore is a complete database management system designed specifically to handle semistructured data [MAG+97]. Lore’s original data model, OEM (for Object Exchange Model), is a simple, self-describing, nested object model that can intuitively be thought of as a labeled, directed graph [PGMW95]. In OEM all entities are objects that can either be atomic or complex. Each object has a unique object identifier (oid). Atomic objects contain a value from one of the atomic types, e.g., integer,
Properties and applications of the least-recently-used stack model (1977)

The Least-Recently-Used Stack Model (LRUSM) is known to be a good model of temporal locality. Yet, little analysis of this model has been performed and documented. Certain properties of the LRUSM are developed here. In particular, the concept of the Stack Working Set is introduced and expressions are derived for the forward recurrence time to the next reference to a page, for the time that a page spends in a cache of a given size and for the time from last reference to the page being replaced. The fault stream out of a cache memory is modelled and it is shown how this can be used to partially analyze a multilevel memory hierarchy. In addition, the Set Associative Buffer is analyzed and a necessary and sufficient condition for the optimality of the LRU replacement algorithm is advanced.
The efficacy of dextrose prolotherapy over placebo for temporomandibular joint hypermobility: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2018)

Within the limitations of the study, dextrose prolotherapy may cause significant reduction in mouth opening and pain associated with TMJ hypermobility. Conclusions with regard to reduction of episodes of subluxation/dislocation cannot be drawn. There is a need of more high-quality RCTs with larger sample size and homogenous prolotherapy protocol to draw stronger conclusions on the effect of dextrose prolotherapy in patients with TMJ hypermobility.
LDMOS implementation by large tilt implant in 0.6 μm BCD5 process, flash memory compatible (2002)

This paper describes a method for integrating power LDMOS structures in a smart power Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS technology called BCD5 designed at 0.6 /spl mu/m, compatible with VLSI EPROM, EEPROM and flash non volatile memories (NVM). The compatibility between NVM and LDMOS is achieved replacing conventional DMOS manufacturing processes, consisting of high temperature diffusion steps, with an innovative approach that exploits large angle of tilt implantation technique.