gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Misoprostol in the treatment of duodenal ulcers in the people's Republic of China: A comparative, double‐blind, multicenter study (1992)

Abstract In recent years, it has become mandatory for many pharmaceutical companies to conduct country‐specific clinical studies which are needed for obtaining regulatory approvals for their drugs. Such studies are important to delineate possible racial or environmental (lifestyle) differences which could not have been predicted from data obtained in other populations. A double‐blind, randomized, double‐dummy, multiclinic, comparative trial examined the tolerance and efficacy of misoprostol (200 μg QID) and cimetidine (200 mg QID) for the treatment of duodenal ulcers in the People's Republic of China. The trial characteristics and monitoring complied with the standards in the United States of America and the People's Republic of China. Two hundred consenting outpatients of either sex, aged 18–75 years, who had duodenal ulcers (not less than 0.3 cm in longest diameter and not more than 2 ulcers) were enrolled. Endoscopy, physical examination, and laboratory assessments wereperformed on entry and after 4 weeks of treatment. The effects of the treatment on ulcer healing, dyspeptic symptoms, tolerance, and adverse drug reactions were determined. Both treatment groups were well matched for demographic characteristics and disease severity at entry to the study. Misoprostol showed equal efficacy to cimetidine in inducing ulcer healing (60.7% vs. 67.9% for misoprostol and cimetidine, respectively, P &gt; 0.05) and resolving dyspeptic pain. The extent of duodenal ulcer healing achieved by misoprostol in this study is essentially similar to the ulcer healing rates noted in many other worldwide studies, indicating the absence of racial differences in response to misoprostol. The adverse effects observed for misoprostol and cimetidine were also very similar. Both drugs were very well tolerated; however, slightly more patients experienced transient diarrhea with misoprostol (6.4%) than with cimetidine (3.8%). In conclusion, this trial supports the world‐ wide efficacy and tolerance of misoprostol for the treatment of duodenal ulcers and indi‐ cates the absence of racial influences on the safety and efficacy of misoprostol. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Observation of the photorefractive effect in vanadium-doped ZnTe (1991)

We report on the first observation of the photorefractive effect in ZnTe. The photorefractive response was observed over the broad wavelength range of 0.6-1.3 μm, and suggest ZnTe to be a good candidate for semiconductor laser applications around 0.8 μm. The sample we investigated was doped with a starting vanadium concentration of 10 19 cm -3 and was grown by physical-vapor-transport (PVT). The absorption tail of this sample extended from the band gap around 0.55 μm to beyond 1.5 μm. Photoluminescence studies at 5 K showed broad peaks around 1.6, 1.065 and 0.825 eV. Two beam-coupling measurements at 0.63 μm suggest an effective trap density of 1.4 x 10 14 cm -3 and a value of 4.3 pm/V for the ξr 41 value, where r 41 is the electrooptic coefficient and ξ is the electron-hole competition factor. The photorefractive response time of ZnTe is fast; we have observed a grating formation time of 15 μsec at 4.7 W/cm 3 (λ=0.63 μm) which is comparable to GaAs at 1.06 μm. The intensity dependence of the response time was sub-linear which, together with the photoluminescence spectra, suggests that multiple levels are taking part in the photorefractive effect.
Characteristics of somatic mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene in colorectal tumors. (1994)

Mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene was analyzed in 500 colorectal tumors from 70 familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and 102 non-FAP patients and in normal tissues from 119 FAP patients, using polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing methods. These tumors were histopathologically diagnosed. Sixty-eight germ line mutations (62% deletion, 9% insertion, and 29% single-base substitution) and 241 somatic mutations (56% deletion, 12% insertion, and 32% single-base substitution) were detected. All mutations formed stop codons resulting in truncated APC proteins, except for one germ line mutation. Differences were found between somatic and germ line mutations, including 3 new hot spots of mutation at codons 1378, 1450, and 1487-1490, which frequently occurred in somatic mutations but not in germ lines. The frequency of mutation in each histopathological type of FAP tumor was 53% in moderate adenoma, 64% in severe adenoma, 52% in intramucosal carcinoma, and 33% in invasive carcinoma, whereas the loss of heterozygosity including the APC gene increased with development to each histopathological type. A similar tendency was observed in non-FAP tumors. Additionally, we found 10 FAP tumors that had both somatic mutation and loss of heterozygosity. These tumors were assumed to have developed from moderate adenomas with germ line and somatic mutations, followed by deletion of the allele with germ line mutation. These results suggest that inactivation of the APC gene by two mutations is involved in the development of moderate adenoma, and loss of heterozygosity of the APC gene is associated with further development to carcinoma. It was also observed that the distribution of 75 somatic mutations from one FAP patient on the APC sequence was similar to the distribution of 159 somatic mutations from 83 patients with FAP and non-FAP, which suggests that the position of somatic mutation is mostly due to the APC sequence itself.
Migration of cultured vascular cells in response to plasma and platelet-derived factors (1982)

Phagokinetic migration of cultured vascular cells was tested in response to human platelet-rich serum ('serum') and human platelet-poor plasma serum ('plasma'). The cell types tested included bovine aortic endothelial cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, human haemangiomal capillary endothelial cells, bovine adrenal microvascular pericytes, and bovine aortic smooth muscle cells. Human serum stimulated a significant increase in the rate of migration for all five cell types. Human plasma stimulated the endothelial cells to migrate but had no effect on the migration of pericytes or smooth muscle cells. Highly purified platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulated dose-dependent migration of smooth muscle cells causing a 50% increase in phagokinetic track area relative to controls. Neither pericyte nor endothelial cell migration was stimulated by PDGF. Rabbit antiserum to human PDGF completely blocked the smooth muscle cell migration induced by either 10% serum or 1 ng/ml pure PDGF. Purified platelet factor IV (PF4) stimulated migration of pericytes but not of smooth muscle cells nor endothelial cells. Sheep antiserum to human PF4 completely blocked the pericyte migration induced by either 10% serum or 1 microgram/ml pure PF4. These results indicate that PDGF is the primary factor in serum responsible for the migration of cultured aortic smooth muscle cells and that PF4 is a critical factor required to induce the migration of pericytes. Other factors present in both plasma and serum control the migration of vascular endothelial cells.
Characterization of Natural Pesticide from Nicotiana gossei (1994)

Field and greenhouse studies have shown that Nicotiana gossei Domin plants are resistant to attacks by the tobacco aphid, Myzus nicotianae Blackman, and the sweetpotato whitefly (SPWF), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Fractionation of the methylene chloride cuticular extract of N. gossei by solvent partitioning, followed by Sephadex LH-20 liquid chromatography, produced a sugar ester isolate, which was toxic, in laboratory and field assays, to the sweetpotato whitefly. The sugar ester isolate consists of two major types of glucose esters (1-O-acetyl-2,3-di-O-acylglucose and 2,3-di-O-acylglucose) and two major types of sucrose esters (2,3-di-O-acyl-1'-O-acetylsucrose and 2,3-di-O-acyl-1',6'-di-O-acetylsucrose). The predominant acid moieties were 5-methylhexanoic and 5-methylheptanoic acids. Separation methodology, GC/MS data for the different sugar esters, and insect assay results for the N. gossei sugar esters will be discussed.
Effect of Restricted Caloric Intake and Bariatric Surgery on PCSK9 Concentrations in Plasma (2018)

PCSK9 is a major modulator of LDLc through internalization and endosomal degradation of LDL receptor. It has been shown that PCSK9 plasma levels predict CVD risk. Bariatric surgery is known to reduce both LDLc and CVD. However, its exact effect on circulating PCSK9 levels has not been fully investigated. We have now investigated the effect of strict caloric restriction and Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery (RYGB) in 15 morbidly obese patients on plasma PCSK-9 levels. Subjects were instructed to follow a regimen of 4 liquid shakes (up to 16g carbohydrate, 0g fat, and 33g of protein, total daily intake was 550-785 calories) during the 2-weeks strict caloric restriction period prior to surgery and the usual dietary regime after surgery. Blood samples were obtained at 2 weeks before, at the time of surgery and 6 months after RYGB. There was a significant weight loss of 7.8±2.4 Kg during the 2 weeks prior to surgery and of additional 26.6±5.3 Kg 6 months after surgery. At completion of strict caloric restriction, subjects had a significant reductions in glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR (7.1±1.1 to 4.5± 1.0) which continued following surgery (HOMA-IR (4.5±1.0 to 2.1± 0.3). LDL(c) fell significantly by 11±7% (from 120±6 to 109±7mg/dl) following the strict caloric restriction and by 15±8% (from 109±7 to 95±6mg/dl) following surgery. There was a reduction of 38±11% (from 227±25 to 139±15 ng/ml) in plasma PCSK9 concentration in the 2 weeks of caloric restriction. Thereafter, PCSK9 levels increased to 166±22ng/ml over the next 6 months. Our data show that there is an impressive and concurrent fall in PCSK9, LDL(c) concentrations and insulin resistance following strict caloric restriction. The marked weight loss over 6 months has only a marginal effect on PCSK9 concentrations while metabolic improvements persisted. This reduction in PCSK9 may contribute to the known benefit in cardiovascular outcomes following bariatric surgery. Disclosure H. Ghanim: None. S. Abuaysheh: None. S. Monte: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Mobile Pharmacy Solutions (Community Pharmacy). Employee; Self; Synergy Bariatrics, a Department of ECMC. P. Dandona: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca. Consultant; Self; AstraZeneca. Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca.
FLEET Boundary Layer Velocity Profile Measurements (2013)

Femtosecond Laser Electronic Excitation Tagging (FLEET) was introduced recently (Michael, J., Edwards, M., Dogariu, A. and Miles, R., “Femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging for quantitative velocity imaging in air,” Applied Optics, Vol. 50, No. 5158, 2011) and is employed to measure velocity profiles in an over-expanded supersonic jet. A laser pulse is focused to within approximately 20 microns of a curved razor surface at the nozzle exit where it dissociates a line of molecular nitrogen in air. The atomic nitrogen recombines in an elevated electronic energy state and the subsequent fluorescence is tracked by an intensified-CCD camera over tens of microseconds. Assuming one-dimensional flow, the velocity is calculated by determining the displacement of the tagged line center and dividing by the camera shutter delay. The data is averaged over a series of laser pulses and fluctations between single shots are used to quantify measurement uncertainty. Both the transverse and perpendicular velocity profiles are compared to laminar and turbulent boundary layer models with the Meador-Smart reference temperature for compressibility and Van Driest transformed velocity to account for wall heat transfer. Transition from a laminar to turbulent boundary layer is apparent across the curvature of the surface while interaction with the shock cone and shear layer downstream may explain deviation from expected behavior.
Self-antigen-induced Th2 responses in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE)-resistant mice. Th2-mediated suppression of autoimmune disease (1995)

Immunization of a limited number of rodent strains with central nervous system-derived Ags induces experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). In contrast to susceptible female SJL mice, age-matched males are resistant to actively induced EAE. The ability of immunization with neuroAg to induce Ag-specific T cell activation in resistant male mice was examined. Ag-specific T cell proliferation was found following immunization of both male and female SJL mice. Draining lymph node cytokine mRNA patterns demonstrated that immunization of EAE-resistant male mice resulted in a Th2-type pattern. By contrast, immunization of EAE-susceptible female mice resulted in a Th1-type pattern. Priming of Th1- and Th2-type responses was confirmed by analysis of cytokines secreted following Ag-specific proliferation. In contrast to the transfer of myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific Th1-type T cells derived from female mice, which induced acute and relapse EAE, transfer of MBP-specific Th2-type T cells derived from male mice resulted in no clinical or histologic evidence of EAE. A mixture of MBP-specific Th1 and Th2 type cells was transferred to naive recipients to determine if the neuroAg-specific Th2-type cells exerted a regulatory influence on EAE. Acute disease was partially eliminated and relapses were completely eliminated in these recipients. Analysis of spinal cords showed the presence of both Th1 and Th2 cytokine mRNAs. These data are consistent with both the ability of Th2-type cells to suppress autoimmunity and a homeostatic mechanism of T cell regulation based on the cross-regulation of Th1 and Th2 cells in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance.
The way we punish now (2004)

Despite the proliferation of alternatives to incarceration over the past two decades, and the decline in reported crime in many Western nations during the 1990s – which might have relieved some of the pressure on politicians and sentencers to 'do something about crime' – custody continues to be widely used as a sanction. In fact, over the past decade, there has been little change in the proportionate use of prison as a sanction in many countries. This chapter reviews trends with respect to the use of imprisonment over the past decade. No attempt is made to summarize statistics from all jurisdictions, but rather to highlight common trends. These data document the problem to which community custody is a response. They reveal the resilience of the prison as a penal sanction and the relative failure of alternatives to displace imprisonment as a punishment even for less serious categories of offending. The analysis then focuses on the sentences of imprisonment that are most likely to be replaced by a community custody sanction. As well, the chapter summarizes findings from the International Crime Victimization Survey; these data demonstrate that there is considerable variability in the extent of public acceptance of alternatives to custody. This variation is important because it places the rates of custody in some context, and suggests that a high use of incarceration is not an immutable reality.
Supplementary Table S1 from Antitumor activity and molecular effects of the novel heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, IPI-504, in pancreatic cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table S1 from Antitumor activity and molecular effects of the novel heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, IPI-504, in pancreatic cancer
Hardened Air in Concrete Roadway Pavements in Structure (2007)

The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate the validity of curent Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) specifications for plastic and hardened air content for pavements and structures; (2) provide engineering data to correlate the relationship between plastic air measurement instruments (pressure meter), techniques that characterize the air void size and distribution including the Air Void Analyzer (AVA), and the durability of concrete to resist freeze/thaw cycles; (3) resolve PennDOT specifications differences for pavement and structural concrete; and (4) provide a new or revised specification for PennDOT 408 on air content in concrete. To provide supporting experimental evidence for the adoption of the AVA method by PennDOT, the apparatus was evaluated for its internal consistency, the consistency between it and other AVA devices of the same version, consistency between different versions of AVA, comparison between the AVA and the RapidAir 457, comparison with the ASTM C 231 pressure meter, and comparison with the ASTM C 666 performance-based test. The accumulated data were evaluated statistically using standard deviation and coefficient of variation. After performing the analysis of the data collected in this study from intercomparison of different instruments of the same generation, instruments of different generations, and he authors' experience with the robustness of the instrument, it was concluded that this instrument cannot serve as the basis of a specification to evaluate the air content, spacing factors or surface areas in fresh concrete at the job site.
Development of Tactile Mice for Blind Access to Computers: Importance of Stimulation Locus, Object Size, and Vibrotactile Display Resolution (1991)

Graphics are used increasingly in the interface and portrayal of information in application software used by modern computers. This approach, while of benefit to the sighted population, produces significant perceptual and usability problems for the blind. This paper presents the findings of a set of experiments that were conducted to evaluate recognition performance for unseen graphic objects when: a) vibrotactile cutaneous stimuli are directly presented to either the dominant hand tasked with maneuvering a mouse-driven screen sensor, or to the nonactive hand, b) graphical element size and geometric complexity are varied, and c) pixel-to-tactor mapping ratios are varied. Results showed that kinesthetic cues, and pixel-to-tactor resolution of the vibrotactile display were far more important in terms of recognition accuracy and response rate than the locus of cutaneous stimulation.
Off-state breakdown in power pHEMTs: the impact of the source (1996)

Summary form only given. Conventional wisdom suggests that in pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (pHEMTs), the field between the drain and the gate determines off-state breakdown, and that the drain to gate voltage therefore sets the breakdown voltage of the device. Thus, the two terminal breakdown voltage is a widely used figure of merit, and most models for breakdown focus on the depletion region in the gate-drain gap, while altogether ignoring the source. We present new measurements and simulations that demonstrate that for power pHEMTs, the electrostatic interaction of the source seriously degrades the device's gate-drain breakdown, and must be taken into consideration in device design. As a vehicle for this study we have used a state-of-the-art L/sub G/=0.25 /spl mu/m double heterostructure pHEMT with excellent power performance (P/sub 0/= 1W, Gain= 11 dB, and PAE=60% at 10 GHz for W/sub G/=1200 /spl mu/m) and high breakdown voltage (BV/sub DG/=21 V at I/sub D/=1 mA/mm).
Stress-seepage-damage coupling modelling method for tunnel in rich water region (2020)

Purpose This paper aims at the problem of surrounding rock excavation damage zone of tunneling in the rich water region, this paper aims to propose a new seepage-stress-damage coupling model and studied the numerical algorithm. This reflects the characteristics of rock damage evolution, accompanied by plastic flow deformation and multi-field interaction. Design/methodology/approach First of all, rock elastoplastic damage constitutive model based on the Drucker–Prager criterion is established, the fully implicit return mapping algorithm is adopted to realize the numerical solution. Second, based on the relation between damage variation and permeability coefficient, the rock stress-seepage-damage model and multi-field coupling solving iterative method are presented. Finally, using the C++ language compiled the corresponding programs and simulated tunnel engineering in the rich water region. Findings Results show that difference evolution-based back analysis inversed damage parameters well, at the same time the established coupling model and calculating program have more advantages than general conventional methods. Multiple field coupling effects should be more considered for the design of tunnel support. Originality/value The proposed method provides an effective numerical simulation method for the construction of the tunnel and other geotechnical engineering involved underground water problems.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of N2‐(N‐Acetyl‐6‐O‐stearoyl‐α‐D‐muramoyl)‐L‐alanyl‐D‐isoglutamine (1993)

Abstract Title compound 1 was synthesized by a published route which had to be modified (seven steps from readily obtainable starting materials). Characterization of 1 was achieved by spectroscopic means (FAB‐MS, 1 H‐NMR, including 2D‐COSY). Furthermore, commercially available reference material purchased for comparison, was unequivocally established to be 10 , i.e. incompletely deprotected 1 .
A Hierarchical Decryption Method for an Eco-Friendly Securing of 3D Objects (2022)

3D objects play an essential role in industry and everyday life. They are often stored on the cloud and transferred many times during their existence, and so 3D object security is essential. To the best of our knowledge, no method exists to hierarchically decrypt fully encrypted 3D objects. In this paper, we propose a new method to hierarchically decrypt a 3D object so that the visual accessibility of the resulting 3D object depends on the user's rights. For that, it is based on the hierarchy of the key used during the decryption. The decryption key is selected from a ring of hierarchical keys which are generated and distributed to the respective users during the encryption process. The proposed method is eco-friendly as a single 3D object is fully encrypted (confidential level) and available to several users with different rights. Experimental results show that our method is efficient and can be used for real applications.
Selection of Operative Procedures for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome (2008)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the primary operative procedures that are performed by hand surgeons for cubital tunnel syndrome and their reported satisfaction with these procedures. The survey consisted of 22 questions regarding primary operative treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome and demographics and was sent by email to the 459 active members of the American Association for Hand Surgery. One hundred sixty-four surgeons completed the survey (36% response rate). The total sample included 154 hand surgeons (143 males, 11 females) who operated on cubital tunnel syndrome and the majority of surgeons were in private practice (n = 100) followed by academic practice (n = 50). The most prevalent factors that influence the decision to operate include evidence of muscle atrophy (84%), abnormal nerve conduction studies (51%), and failed non-operative treatment (49%). Most surgeons (n = 133) reported using more than one operative procedure for their patients with cubital tunnel syndrome. Factors that influenced the operative procedure selected included the degree of nerve compression (60%), medical comorbidities (30%), patient's occupation (28%), and obesity (22%). Following carpal tunnel surgery, 88% of the surgeons were "very satisfied" with their patient outcome and following surgery for cubital tunnel syndrome, only 44% were "very satisfied" with their patient outcome. Most surgeons use more than one operative procedure in their treatment of patients with cubital tunnel syndrome and the selection of the operative procedure is influenced by patient factors and surgeon preference.