gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Expert Panel Consensus Statement: Vaccines to Prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection in Patients With Liver Disease (2021)

The aim of this document is to provide a concise scientific review of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines and those in development, including mRNA, adenoviral vectors, and recombinant protein approaches. The anticipated use of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and liver transplant (LT) recipients is reviewed and practical guidance is provided for health care providers involved in the care of patients with liver disease and LT about vaccine prioritization and administration. The Pfizer and Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are associated with a 94%-95% vaccine efficacy compared to placebo against COVID-19. Local site reactions of pain and tenderness were reported in 70%-90% of clinical trial participants, and systemic reactions of fever and fatigue were reported in 40%-70% of participants, but these reactions were generally mild and self-limited and occurred more frequently in younger persons. Severe hypersensitivity reactions related to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are rare and more commonly observed in women and persons with a history of previous drug reactions for unclear reasons. Because patients with advanced liver disease and immunosuppressed patients were excluded from the vaccine licensing trials, additional data regarding the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines are eagerly awaited in these and other subgroups. Remarkably safe and highly effective mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are now available for widespread use and should be given to all adult patients with CLD and LT recipients. The online companion document located at https://www.aasld.org/about-aasld/covid-19-resources will be updated as additional data become available regarding the safety and efficacy of other COVID-19 vaccines in development.
Reply to P.G. Tsoutsou et al, O. Kaidar-Person et al, and A. Courdi et al (2013)

Hughes et al 1 recently reported the long-term results of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9343 study about the impact of radiation therapy (RT) in patients age 70 years or older with breast cancer. The rate of locoregional-free survival was 98% in the group treated with RT plus tamoxifen versus 90% in patients receiving only tamoxifen (P .001), with no significant difference in overall survival (OS), time to mastectomy, time to distant metastases, and cancer-specific survival. The authors' conclusion is that treatment with tamoxifen only is a reasonable option for these patients. The accompanying editorial 2 emphasizes that life expectancy, comorbidity, compliance with endocrine therapy, and tumor grade are factors to consider before deciding to omit RT. We wish to provide some additional comments.
Laue lens development for hard X-rays (>60 keV) (2006)

Results of reflectivity measurements of mosaic crystal samples of Cu (111) are reported. These tests were performed in the context of a feasibility study of a hard X-ray focusing telescope for space astronomy based on mosaic crystals in transmission configuration (Laue lens). The Laue lens assumed has the shape of a sphere segment with radius R equal to 2 times the focal length f of the lens and is made of flat mosaic crystal tiles properly positioned in the lens. The goal is to develop lenses for astrophysical applications with broad energy passband from 60 to 600 keV. The samples were grown and worked for this project at the Institute Laue-Langevin (ILL) in Grenoble, France, while the reflectivity tests were performed at the X-ray facility of the Physics Department of the University of Ferrara.
265 CARDIO-PULMONARY HEALTH STATUS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH PREDIALYSIS CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE (1994)

Boyce, M.; Robergs, R. A.; Montner, P.; Roldan, C.; Stolarczyk, L.; Foster, A. Author Information
Nuclear Speckles (2010)

Nuclear speckles, also known as interchromatin granule clusters, are nuclear domains enriched in pre-mRNA splicing factors, located in the interchromatin regions of the nucleoplasm of mammalian cells. When observed by immunofluorescence microscopy, they usually appear as 20-50 irregularly shaped structures that vary in size. Speckles are dynamic structures, and their constituents can exchange continuously with the nucleoplasm and other nuclear locations, including active transcription sites. Studies on the composition, structure, and dynamics of speckles have provided an important paradigm for understanding the functional organization of the nucleus and the dynamics of the gene expression machinery.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Metabolic Reprogramming by Dual AKT/ERK Inhibition through Imipridones Elicits Unique Vulnerabilities in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Field-induced optical nonlinearity due to virtual transitions in semiconductor quantum well structures (1987)

A new concept on optical nonlinearity due to virtual transitions in quantum well structure with electric field, named virtual charge-induced optical nonlinearity, is proposed, with a showing of some examples of theoretical result on the nonlinearity. The switching time of the nonlinearity is expected to be extremely short, 100 fs. The nonlinearity seems to be observable and quite useful for the design of an ultrafast optical gate. A possibility of optical bistability without external optical feedback, based on the proposed nonlinearity, is pointed out.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Inhibition of MDR1 Overcomes Resistance to Brentuximab Vedotin in Hodgkin Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Intense photoluminescence from self-assembling InGaN quantum dots artificially fabricated on AlGaN surfaces (1998)

We demonstrate photoluminescence (PL) from self-assembling InGaN quantum dots (QDs), which are artificially fabricated on AlGaN surfaces via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. InGaN QDs are successfully fabricated by the growth mode transition to three-dimensional nanoscale island formation by using “antisurfactant” silicon on AlGaN surface. The diameter and height of the fabricated InGaN QDs are estimated to be ∼10 nm and ∼5 nm, respectively, by an atomic-force microscope (AFM). Indium mole fraction of InxGa1−xN QDs is controlled from x=∼0.22 to ∼0.52 by varying the growth temperature of QDs. Intense photoluminescence is observed even at room temperature from InGaN QDs embedded with the GaN capping layers. In addition, from the temperature dependence of the PL-peak energy, we convincingly show that the PL emission actually comes from the InGaN QDs.
The impact of peritoneal trauma on intra-abdominal fibrinolytic activity, adhesion formation and early embryonic development in a rabbit longitudinal model (1990)

Intra-abdominal adhesions may interfere with fertility following gynaecological surgery and injury to the peritoneum plays a central role in the pathogenesis. Tissue plasminogen activator and its antagonists play a pivotal role in the intra-abdominal balance between fibrinolysis and adhesion formation. This process may be cycle-dependent in women. In order to establish the impact of the fibrinolytic activity on adhesion formation after a standardized trauma, a rabbit longitudinal model was developed, which allowed the study of possible differences between the periods before and after ovulation. The influence of extra-genital adhesions on early embryonic development was investigated. No cycle-dependent changes in fibrinolytic activity of the peritoneal fluid (PF) or of the serum could be demonstrated. No correlation was found between post-operative adhesion formation and the fibrinolytic activity during surgery. Three weeks after surgery, a significant increase in fibrinolytic activity of the PF was observed. The rank order of sampling is suggested to account for these differences. Extra-genital adhesions did not markedly influence ovulation, ovum pick-up and fertilization in this hormonally controlled rabbit model.
Thermal spin-crossover with a large hysteresis spanning room temperature in a mononuclear complex (2017)

A large hysteresis centered around room temperature represents one of the mandatory goals of research on functional switchable materials. In the thoroughly studied field of spin-crossover, such behaviour appears very rarely and essentially concerns coordination networks. A new compound showing a large spin-crossover hysteresis spanning room temperature demonstrates in a definitive manner that this goal is achievable in molecular discrete compounds without damaging the single-crystal character.
Integrated protein-protein interaction and RNA interference screens reveal novel restriction and dependency factors for a tick-borne flavivirus in its human host (2022)

ABSTRACT In Europe, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is responsible for severe neurological disease in humans. Like other viruses, TBEV is an obligate intracellular life form whose survival requires subversion of metabolic processes and evasion of anti-viral pathways. This feat is achieved in no small part by binary interactions between dedicated viral proteins and host proteins. Such protein-protein interactions (PPI) constitute molecular determinants of critical pathobiologic traits of viruses, including host-range, zoonotic potential and virulence, and represent realistic targets for anti-viral therapies. To shed light on the pathobiology of TBEV in human, we have resolved the network of PPI established with its human host by interaction proteomics. A high-throughput screen for virus-host PPI was performed involving the complete set of open reading frames of TBEV and the cDNA libraries of Homo sapiens , by means of yeast two-hybrid methodology. We have discovered a large set of virus-host protein-protein interactions concerning 42 different human proteins directly interacting with nine viral proteins. Many of these human interactors have never been linked in the literature to viral infection. The functional significance of the host interactors in viral infection as viral dependency or restriction factors was then characterized in vitro by RNA interference, and their function inferred by bioinformatic analysis. Approximately 40% of the identified human proteins have a significative impact on TBEV viral replication. These are engaged in many biological processes, whose involvement in viral infection is expected for many, but enigmatic for some. Further work will be necessary to gain molecular understanding of how these biological processes support or restrict TBEV replication, and whether they constitute viral vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically.
A Reconfirmation of the Reaction of Glucosyl Isothiocyanate with 2-Chloroethylamine (1989)

c s o l v e n t a f f o r d e d 2-(2'.3'.4',6'-tetra-0_-acetyl-8 -D-glucopyranosylamino)-2-t h i a z o l i n e ( 2 ) .On t h e o t h e r hand, i n Pyridine s o l u t i o n t h i s r e a c t i o n proceeded t o form N,N'-bis(2',3'.4'.6'-tetra-O-acetyl-B ----D-glucopyran-o s y l ) -F (2-thiazolin-2-yl)thiourea (2).
Dual function of tropodithietic acid as antibiotic and signaling molecule in global gene regulation of the probiotic bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens (2017)

Antibiotics are typically regarded as microbial weapons, but whereas their function at concentrations lethal for bacteria is often well characterized, the role of antibiotics at much lower concentrations as possibly found under natural conditions remains poorly understood. By using whole-transcriptome analyses and phenotypic screenings of the marine bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens we found that the broad-spectrum antibiotic tropodithietic acid (TDA) causes the same regulatory effects in quorum sensing (QS) as the common signaling molecule N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) at concentrations 100-fold lower than the minimal inhibitory concentration against bacteria. Our results show that TDA has a significant impact on the expression of ~10% of the total genes of P. inhibens, in the same manner as the AHL. Furthermore, TDA needs the AHL associated LuxR-type transcriptional regulator, just as the AHL molecule. Low concentrations of antibiotics can obviously have a strong influence on the global gene expression of the bacterium that produces it and drastically change the metabolism and behaviour of the bacterium. For P. inhibens this includes motility, biofilm formation and antibiotic production, all important for settlement on new host-associated surfaces. Our results demonstrate that bacteria can produce antibiotics not only to antagonise other bacteria, but also to mediate QS like endogenous AHL molecules.
Frontispiece: Chemical‐Reaction‐Induced Hot Electron Flows on Platinum Colloid Nanoparticles under Hydrogen Oxidation: Impact of Nanoparticle Size (2015)

Hydrogen Oxidation In their Communication on page 2340 ff., G. A. Somorjai, J. Y. Park et al. report the effects of Pt nanoparticle size on hot electron flow during hydrogen oxidation. 1.7 nm nanoparticles show a higher catalytic activity than 4.5 nm nanoparticles.
LSTM-Based Predictions for Proactive Information Retrieval (2016)

We describe a method for proactive information retrieval targeted at retrieving relevant information during a writing task. In our method, the current task and the needs of the user are estimated, and the potential next steps are unobtrusively predicted based on the user's past actions. We focus on the task of writing, in which the user is coalescing previously collected information into a text. Our proactive system automatically recommends the user relevant background information. The proposed system incorporates text input prediction using a long short-term memory (LSTM) network. We present simulations, which show that the system is able to reach higher precision values in an exploratory search setting compared to both a baseline and a comparison system.
Three-dimensional seismic geomorphology and analysis of the Ordovician paleokarst drainage system in the central Tabei Uplift, northern Tarim Basin, western China (2011)

High-quality three-dimensional seismic data acquired in the central Tabei Uplift, Tarim Basin, western China, provide a rare opportunity to characterize in exceptional detail the three-dimensional geomorphology of a deeply buried (5500–6500 m [18,045–21,325 ft]) Ordovician unconformity and the related paleokarst drainage system. An integrated approach was applied that emphasized integration of seismic data with available conventional core, wireline logs, and age-equivalent outcrops. The exceptional quality of the seismic data allowed a seismic detection limit of karstified features of less than 75 times 75 m (246 times 246 ft) horizontally and 6 m (20 ft) vertically. Interpreted geomorphologic and depositional elements include fluvial channels and canyons, fluvial valleys, sinkholes, and tower karsts and hills. The modern tower karst-drainage system in Guilin, China, is very similar to the mapped Ordovician karst-drainage system and is used as a modern analog. The interaction between the surface karst-drainage system and the shallow-subsurface cave-passage system is evidenced by the observation that surface canyons appear to initiate in areas associated with intense sinkhole development. Also, surface river valleys tend to correspond to dip-oriented surface depressions partly related to near-surface cave collapse. During burial into the deeper subsurface, the combination of intrastratal collapse (karstified strata) and suprastratal collapse (postkarst-deposited strata) created large damage zones hundreds of meters thick and kilometers wide. Coalesced-collapsed paleocave systems can be interpreted from the unique circular pattern of faults (observed in map view) that are associated with seismic bright spots.
Nonlinear Transport in Organic Thin Film Transistors with Soluble Small Molecule Semiconductor (2016)

Nonlinear transport is intensively explained through Poole-Frenkel (PF) transport mechanism in organic thin film transistors with solution-processed small molecules, which is, 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) (TIPS) pentacene. We outline a detailed electrical study that identifies the source to drain field dependent mobility. Devices with diverse channel lengths enable the extensive exhibition of field dependent mobility due to thermal activation of carriers among traps.
Dietary Vitamin A Intake in Relation to Child Growth (1997)

Severe deficits in ponderal and linear growth are problems of major public health significance among children in developing countries. We prospectively examined the association of dietary vitamin A intake with child growth among 28,740 Sudanese children ages 6-72 months. At baseline and at each 6-month visit, all subjects were weighed and measured. Dietary vitamin A intake during the prior 24 hours was assessed using recall of vitamin A-containing foods. Dietary vitamin A intake was associated with attained height and weight after controlling for age, sex, morbidity, and socioeconomic variables. Compared with children in the bottom quintile of intake, those in the top quintile were 11 mm taller [95% confidence interval (CI) = 8-13] and 237 gm heavier (95% CI = 153-320). Higher dietary vitamin A intake was also associated with reduced risk of stunting [relative risk (RR) for 5th vs 1st quintile = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5-0.9] and wasting (RR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5-0.9). Adequate intake of foods containing vitamin A may improve child growth where vitamin A deficiency prevails, but this relation may not be due to vitamin A per se.
Superplastic Deformation Mechanisms of Mechanically Alloyed Aluminum (1991)

The superplastic deformation of mechanically alloyed aluminum has been shown to occur at unusually high strain rates. Although superplastic elongations of up to 570% have been obtained, the strain rate sensitivity, m, is low, between 0.25 and 0.3. An analysis of the threshold stresses present due to the dispersed particles indicates that the rate limiting deformation mechanism is not grain boundary sliding (which was observed), but solute atom drag of dislocations in the bulk of the grains. Deformation in the superplastic regime occurs without cavitation, due to rapid diffusion and easy intragranular slip to accommodate stress concentrations in the boundary. Two phenomena that reduce potential elongation are serrations in the flow curve (from solute atom breakaway), and the effects of thermal flow instabilities arising from conduction of adiabatically generated heat into specimen ends. The effect of alloying composition on deformation mechanisms is described. Modifications to the alloy composition and the mechanical alloying process that may improve the superplastic forming potential of mechanically alloyed aluminum are suggested.
Improved Delivery through Biological Membranes LXI: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Lipolol-Based Intradermal Drug Targeting System for 4-Fluorouracil (1994)

This report describes initial studies with the lipolyl ester of 1-carboxypropylcarbamoyl-FU (LE-CPCFU) which was designed to enhance the dermal delivery of the antitumor agent 5-fluorouracil (FU). The design of LE-CPCFU was based upon our previous observation that sulfur-based chemical drug targeting systems were localized within the skin and improved the delivery of the parent drug to the dermal tissue (Chikhale et al., 1993; Bodor et al., 1982; Bodor and Sloan, 1982). In the in vitro test system that used freshly-excised guinea-pig skin, LE-CPCFU was found to enhance FU delivery to the skin 2- to 5-fold compared to underivatized FU. Neither LE-CPCFU nor its acid metabolite 1-carboxypropylcarbamoyl-FU (CPCFU) could be detected in the skin or receiver during the diffusion experiments even though LE-CPCFU and CPCFU were found to be reasonably stable in aqueous pH 7.4 buffer and during the analytical procedure. FU which was released from LE-CPCFU in the skin subsequently diffused into the receiver. Thus, LE-CPCFU was observed to improve FU delivery to the skin during the initial time period of the study (0-4 hr). This study indicates that LE-CPCFU in the guinea-pig skin was hydrolyzed to form FU in the skin serving as an intradermal drug delivery system for the antitumor agent. Thus, LE-CPCFU could prove to reduce the systemic toxicity of FU by enhancing the local skin concentration and minimizing the systemic concentration of the antitumor agent as compared to underivatized FU.
Study on Microstructure and Machinability in Cutting of Ni-based Heat Resistant Alloy Using CBN Inserts (2016)

In order to achieve high-efficiency and high-precision machining of difficult-to-cut materials like Ni-based heat resistant alloy, it is important to suppress the flank wear and notched wear which occurs in the boundary region of the side cutting edge. This paper describes the damage morphology of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools in association with cutting speed and microstructure of Inconel 718. In the high speed turning of fine-grained workpiece in which flank wear is the main factor of tool life, DS1005 has long tool-life compared with conventional PCBN. In case of coarse-grained workpiece, the tool life is mainly determined by the notched wear. IT105 is able to suppress the notched wear, because of the advantage in terms of its mechanical properties.
Sensitive and High Resolution CE/MS/MS for Protein Identification in Complex Mixtures (2001)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) as a highresolution separation technique emerged from the pioneering work of Hjertén [1]. It took more than a decade to develop the modern version of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) [2, 3]. The high surface-to-volume ratio of capillaries allows for efficient dissipation of Joule heat generated from the high electric field applied. As a result, separations are much faster and of higher resolution than those of slab gel electrophoresis. Separations are created by the electrophoretic mobility of the analyte in the presence of electroosmotic flow (EOF). The flow profile of analyte in CE is flat instead of parabolic as in a pressure driven system like HPLC. This endows CE with high separation efficiency (high number of theoretical plates). In addition, the low sample consumption associated with the narrow bore capillary in CE (a few nL) makes its absolute sensitivity extremely high. All these features make CE a very attractive separation tool for the analysis of proteins and peptides [4, 5].
A Multi-antenna Iterative Frequency-domain Detection for Power-efficient NOMA Schemes (2019)

The transmitted signals in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes can have substantial envelope fluctuations, not to mention the inherent high interference levels. This means that a high price in terms of power efficiency can be payed to achieve the substantial capacity gains of NOMA systems. In this paper we consider the use single-carrier signals combined with NOMA schemes in the downlink transmission. We present a multi-antenna transmission technique that is compatible with the use of high-efficiency power amplifiers and does not require any pre-processing and allows the use of power-efficient amplifiers. Moreover, an efficient detection is achieved using iterative receivers with joint multi-user detection and equalization. Our performance results show that the proposed technique allows high power efficiency, with bit-error-rate (BER) performance close to the matched filter bound (MFB).