gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring and Understanding Hierarchy asMeasuring and Understanding Hierarchy as an Architectural Element in Industry Sectors an Architectural Element in Industry Sectors (2009)

Hierarchy is a generic structure in which levels are asymmetrically ordered. In an industry setting, classic supply chains display strict hierarchy, whereas clusters of firms have linkages going in many different directions. Previous theory has often assumed the existence of the hierarchical relationships among firms and empirical work has focused on a single level of an industry or bilateral relationships. However, quantitative evidence on the deep hierarchy in large industrial sectors is lacking. In this paper, we develop metrics and methods to define and measure the degree of hierarchy in transactional relationships among firms, and apply the methods to two large industrial sectors in Japan: automotive and electronics. We compiled the networks of firms connected by transactional relationships. Our empirical analysis shows that the automotive sector exhibits a higher degree of hierarchy than the electronics sector. We further analyze the differences in hierarchy using a simulation model based on transaction breadth and transaction specificity. The empirical measurement and model analysis together indicate that it is the low transaction specificity that drives down the degree of hierarchy in the electronics sector. Differences in transaction patterns in turn may result from the differences in the power level of underlying technologies, which affect product specificity and asset specificity. Thus, the degree of hierarchy in an industry sector may be traced back to fundamental properties of the underlying technologies.
Automatic electroencephalogram channel selection of independent component analysis based motor imagery brain-computer interface (2017)

Independent component analysis (ICA) is widely used to separate movement-related independent components (MRICs) from multi-channel motor imagery electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The distribution of channels is a crucial question in the design of brain-computer interface using ICA algorithm. The traditional methods on channel selection mainly use identical channels which close to the cortex area for all subjects. However, the optimal channels are subject-dependent. It is crucial to determine which channel combination should be used to reach optimal performance. In this study, based on our previous research related to the ICA-based motor imagery BCI (MIBCI) algorithm frame, we developed a new strategy to select optimal channel combination. The experiment was based on 24 runs three class motor imagery EEG datasets, in addition, the results of common spatial pattern (CSP) were compared with our channel optimization algorithm too. Experimental results revealed that higher stability and performance can be obtained after optimizing channel distribution by employed our novel channel selection strategy.
Modified Capsule Neural Network (Mod-CapsNet) for Indoor Home Scene Recognition (2020)

In this paper, a Modified Capsule Neural Network (Mod-CapsNet) with a pooling layer but without the squash function is used for recognition of indoor home scenes which are represented in grayscale. This Mod-CapsNet produced an accuracy of 70% compared to the 17.2% accuracy produced by a standard CapsNet. Since there is a lack of larger datasets related to indoor home scenes, to obtain better accuracy with smaller datasets is also one of the important aims in the paper. The number of images used for training and testing is 20,000 and 5000 respectively, all of dimension 128X128. The analysis proves that in the indoor home scene recognition task the combination of the capsule without a squash function and with max-pooling layers works better than by using capsules with convolutional layers. Indoor home scenes are specifically focused towards analysing capsules performance on datasets whose images have similarities but are, nonetheless, quite different. For example, tables may be present in living rooms and dining rooms even though these are quite different rooms.
Identification and characterization of a nuclear scaffold protein that binds the matrix attachment region DNA (1993)

The association of nuclear DNA with the nuclear matrix (scaffold) is mediated by defined segments of DNA called matrix association region (MAR). By using a plasmid harboring a portion of the Ig kappa gene within which MAR had been located, we searched for proteins recognizing MAR in the nuclear scaffold components electrophoretically separated and blotted onto a membrane. In the presence of nonspecific competitor DNA, the labeled plasmid selectively bound to a protein with apparent molecular weight of 120,000 (designated SP120). The protein was purified directly from SDS-polyacrylamide gels and renatured by a guanidine hydrochloride procedure. The DNA region in the plasmid responsible for the binding to the solubilized SP120 coincided with the 365-base pair HindIII-HinfI fragment that had been identified as MAR. In solution, SP120 exhibited a cooperative mode of interaction with the end-labeled MAR fragment. Measurement of relative affinities of MAR subfragments to SP120 showed that the whole region is required for efficient binding. This is consistent with the minimal length for MAR estimated thus far by in situ mapping experiments. The MAR derived from another gene, fushitarazu, also bound specifically to SP120. Immunostaining of whole cells and isolated nuclei with a monoclonal antibody raised against SP120 indicated that the protein is localized in a nuclear skeletal structure. These results suggest the involvement of SP120 in the MAR-mediated anchorage of nuclear DNA to the nuclear scaffold.
In-fiber polarizer based on a 45-degree tilted fluoride fiber Bragg grating for mid-infrared fiber laser technology (2018)

We report the direct femtosecond laser inscription of a 45° tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) into fluoride fiber, creating an in-fiber mid-infrared polarizer. Utilizing a 16 mm long intracavity TFBG, we demonstrate a 2.862 μm Ho3+Pr3+:ZBLAN fiber laser with 21.6 dB output polarization extinction ratio (PER), up to 0.37 W output power and 31.3% slope efficiency. In addition, we experimentally demonstrate that the laser PER is a linear function of grating length. Our results show that fluoride TFBGs are a promising route to replace bulk polarizers in mid-IR laser cavities, paving the way to all-fiber mid-infrared laser systems.
A Sober Look at the Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled\n Representations and their Evaluation (2020)

The idea behind the \\emph{unsupervised} learning of \\emph{disentangled}\nrepresentations is that real-world data is generated by a few explanatory\nfactors of variation which can be recovered by unsupervised learning\nalgorithms. In this paper, we provide a sober look at recent progress in the\nfield and challenge some common assumptions. We first theoretically show that\nthe unsupervised learning of disentangled representations is fundamentally\nimpossible without inductive biases on both the models and the data. Then, we\ntrain over $14000$ models covering most prominent methods and evaluation\nmetrics in a reproducible large-scale experimental study on eight data sets. We\nobserve that while the different methods successfully enforce properties\n"encouraged" by the corresponding losses, well-disentangled models seemingly\ncannot be identified without supervision. Furthermore, different evaluation\nmetrics do not always agree on what should be considered "disentangled" and\nexhibit systematic differences in the estimation. Finally, increased\ndisentanglement does not seem to necessarily lead to a decreased sample\ncomplexity of learning for downstream tasks. Our results suggest that future\nwork on disentanglement learning should be explicit about the role of inductive\nbiases and (implicit) supervision, investigate concrete benefits of enforcing\ndisentanglement of the learned representations, and consider a reproducible\nexperimental setup covering several data sets.\n
DNA recognition for virus assembly through multiple sequence-independent interactions with a helix-turn-helix motif (2015)

The helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif features frequently in protein DNA-binding assemblies. Viral pac site-targeting small terminase proteins possess an unusual architecture in which the HTH motifs are displayed in a ring, distinct from the classical HTH dimer. Here we investigate how such a circular array of HTH motifs enables specific recognition of the viral genome for initiation of DNA packaging during virus assembly. We found, by surface plasmon resonance and analytical ultracentrifugation, that individual HTH motifs of the Bacillus phage SF6 small terminase bind the packaging regions of SF6 and related SPP1 genome weakly, with little local sequence specificity. Nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift perturbation studies with an arbitrary single-site substrate suggest that the HTH motif contacts DNA similarly to how certain HTH proteins contact DNA non-specifically. Our observations support a model where specificity is generated through conformational selection of an intrinsically bent DNA segment by a ring of HTHs which bind weakly but cooperatively. Such a system would enable viral gene regulation and control of the viral life cycle, with a minimal genome, conferring a major evolutionary advantage for SPP1-like viruses.
Design of movable scaffolding systems for seismic events – A practical case (2021)

&lt;p&gt;It is a common request for Movable Scaffolding Systems (MSS) to be designed to withstand wind loads, despite the site location. In contrast, seismic events aren’t frequently considered while designing an MSS. Unlike wind loading, seismic events are very rare and with characteristics difficult to predict – therefore, the concept of operational limits or emergency safety devices is not applicable. In case of bridges located in hazardous seismic zones, seismic events should be taken into account while designing the MSS. The most critical phase is the concrete pouring stage, in which the mass is maximum. In this stage, vibration frequencies are largely dependent from the MSS type (overhead or underslung) and the MSS support configuration. This paper is focused on MSS design to withstand seismic events. Considerations on load evaluation, combination criteria and design options are given, based on a practical case.&lt;/p&gt;
Development of an automatic farm works recording system using GPS (2011)

We have been developing an automatic farm works recording system to visualize the work costs. It was difficult to record farm works exactly in a small area. We have developed a new method to identify the working location using the moving speed of the worker, also combining the in and out information to a greenhouse with a GPS location information. We conducted experiments on recording farm works by the proposed system in a farm fields and greenhouses. This report shows the new methods for recording farm works and the results of the experiments.
Investigation of ZnBr2 :  PEO  Polymer Electrolyte Characteristics (1991)

The polymer electrolyte system, where , has been studied using x‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) by phase diagram construction and conductivity measurements. The electrolytes have been prepared using either water or ethanol/acetonitrile as the casting solvent. With adequate drying both casting solvents produce electrolytes with very similar properties. The phase diagram indicates that at room temperature, below a mole fraction of 0.2, only two phases exist: a crystalline PEO phase and a crystalline intermediate compound. EXAFS from this region show that surrounding each zinc atom there are on average two bromine atoms. However for many reasons it is difficult to determine the precise number of surrounding oxygens. All samples within the same area of the phase diagram have very similar conductivity values.
Assessment of Deformation of Coal Seam and Longwallthrough the Identification of Top Coal Caving Parameters (2020)

The stress–strain behavior of piecewise-homogenous rock mass surrounding a horizontal longwall is defined by the natural stress field and by mechanical constants of rocks and coal. The developed algorithm of successive approximations for the characteristics of rock mass with a longwall integrates all known partial algorithms into a class of difficult problems. The authors propose solving inverse problems by identification of top coal caving parameters from the numerical experiment and using additional information on geomechanical behavior of coal seam ahead of face.
Contaminant Hepatotoxins as Culprits for Kava Hepatotoxicity – Fact or Fiction? (2012)

The culprit of kava hepatotoxicity will continue to remain a mystery in humans, if the underlying reaction is of idiosyncratic, unpredictable, and dose-independent nature due potentially to some metabolic aberration in a few individuals emerging from kava use. In addition, kava hepatotoxicity is presently not reproducible experimentally in preclinical models, as demonstrated by studies showing whole kava extracts are not hepatotoxic. This led us to propose our 'working hypothesis' that contaminant hepatotoxins including moulds might have caused rare kava hepatotoxicity in humans. Further studies are now warranted to proof or disproof our working hypothesis, because kava hepatotoxicity possibly based on contaminant hepatotoxins could be a preventable disease. In the meantime, however, for minimizing toxicity risk in kava users, a pragmatic approach should focus on the medicinal use of an aqueous extract derived from peeled rhizomes and roots of a non-mouldy noble kava cultivar, limited to maximum 250-mg kavalactones daily for acute or intermittent use.
Sol-Gel Synthesis of High Surface Area Aluminum Phosphate: A Thermally Reversible Sol-Gel System (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSol-Gel Synthesis of High Surface Area Aluminum Phosphate: A Thermally Reversible Sol-Gel SystemM. A. Harmer, A. J. Vega, and R. B. FlippenCite this: Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 11, 1903–1905Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00047a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00047a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views375Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intuitive understanding of the connection between Pancharatnam-Berry optical beam deflectors and polarization volume holograms (2022)

An approximate beam propagation method is proposed as an intuitive simulation to explain the optics, similarity, and differences of Pancharatnam-Berry phase (PPD) and polarization volume hologram (PVH) devices.
Effect of Turbidity on Growth of Black Crappie and White Crappie (2002)

Studies suggest that white crappies Pomoxis annularis are more tolerant of turbid water than black crappies P. nigromaculatus. To determine whether white crappie tolerance of turbid water is related to growth rate, we stocked juveniles and adults of both species into Illinois ponds having mean turbidities that ranged from 7 to 174 Formazin turbidity units. After 25 weeks, fish were recaptured and their growth in length and weight were measured. Linear regression analysis showed that growth was similar for both species across a range of turbidities. Although crappie growth in small ponds was not affected by turbidity, in larger bodies of water crappies might be indirectly influenced by factors that are correlated with turbidity, such as submerged vegetation.
Efficacy of combination treatment with cyclosporin A and corticosteroids for acute interstitial pneumonitis associated with dermatomyositis (2003)

Abstract Interstitial pneumonitis (IP) associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis (PM/DM) is a serious complication that affects prognosis. We therefore undertook a retrospective multicenter study to examine the efficacy of a combination treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA) and corticosteroids. Fifty-three IP patients with PM/DM (9 PM, 44 DM) were analyzed. Thirty-two patients treated with CsA plus corticosteroids (9 PM, 23 DM) were included in the study. Four parameters, i.e., subjective symptoms, ausculatory sound, chest radiographs, and respiratory index, were serially evaluated. A general evaluation was performed 4 weeks after the start of the combination treatment. All patients with PM and chronic IP with DM, and 52% of those with acute IP with DM were graded as better than "partially effective" in the general evaluation. In contrast, all patients graded as "progressive" in the general evaluation had acute IP with DM. It is of note that in acute IP with DM, the survival rate of the group primarily treated with CsA and corticosteroids from the early stage of their disease was significantly higher than that of the group initially treated with corticosteroids alone (P = 0.049). In conclusion, a combination treatment of CsA and corticosteroids from the early stage of disease may be advantageous for patients with IP with PM/DM, especially acute IP with DM.
535 A phase I/II study of REGN7075 (EGFRxCD28 costimulatory bispecific antibody) in combination with cemiplimab (anti–PD-1) in patients with advanced solid tumors (2021)

<h3>Background</h3> T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are therapeutics that recognize two distinct antigens: a tumor-associated antigen on tumor cells to promote recruitment of T-cells to the tumor, and a receptor on T-cells to potentiate anti-tumor activity. REGN7075 is a human immunoglobulin G4-based costimulatory bsAb designed to bridge epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) positive tumor cells with CD28 positive T-cells and to provide amplified T-cell receptor-CD3 complex-mediated T-cell activation within the tumor, through the activation of CD28 co-stimulation. In genetically humanized immunocompetent mouse models, REGN7075 in combination with anti–PD-1 (antibody directed against programmed cell death-1 receptor) improved anti-tumor activity compared with either single agent alone.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Methods</h3> This is an open label, Phase I/II, first-in-human study evaluating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary anti-tumor activity of REGN7075 (EGFRxCD28) alone and in combination with cemiplimab in patients with advanced solid tumors (NCT04626635). Patients must have a protocol-defined advanced solid tumor, be ≥18 years of age (≥20 years in Japan), have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1, and be naïve to anti–PD-1/anti–PD-ligand(L)1.This study includes dose escalation (a 4+3 design modified from 3+3; Part 1) and expansion phases (Part 2). In Part 1, patients will receive a lead-in of REGN7075 monotherapy for 3 weeks followed by combination therapy with cemiplimab 350 mg every 3 weeks. Study therapies are administered until disease progression, intolerable adverse events, withdrawal of consent, or other stopping criterion is met. Once a recommended Phase 2 dose is determined in Part 1, four tumor-specific expansion cohorts will be opened: non-small cell lung cancer (PD-L1 ≥50%), triple-negative breast cancer, colorectal cancer (microsatellite stable), and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Primary endpoints are safety and tolerability of REGN7075 alone or in combination with cemiplimab for Part 1, and objective response rate per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 for Part 2. This study is currently open to enrollment. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> ClinicalTrials. gov identifier NCT04626635. <h3>References</h3> Waite JC, Wang B, Haber L, et al. Tumor-targeted CD28 bispecific antibodies enhance the antitumor efficacy of PD-1 immunotherapy. <i>Sci Transl Med</i> 2020;<b>12</b>:2325. <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice guidelines. The study protocol and all amendments were approved by the institutional review board/ethics committee at each participating study site. <h3>Consent</h3> All patients provided written informed consent.
Clinicopathologic analysis of BRCA1- or BRCA2-associated hereditary breast carcinoma in Japanese women (1999)

BRCA1-associated HBCs in Japanese women have biologically aggressive phenotypes. However, BRCA2-associated HBCs are without distinctive clinicopathologic features compared with sporadic breast carcinomas.
Perforin gene expression in granular lymphocyte proliferative disorders (1990)

By Northern blot analysis using a cDNA clone of the perforin gene, we studied the levels of perforin mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 11 cases of granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPDs). The granular lymphocytes studied were characterized by morphologic, immunophenotypic, and immunogenotypic analyses. Cytolytic functions of the lymphocytes assayed included nonmajor histocompatibility complex-requiring cytotoxicity, anti-CD3-redirected cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The results showed that in lymphocytes with strong cytolytic functions high levels of perforin mRNA existed, whereas in lymphocytes with weak or undetectable levels of cytolytic functions, low levels of perforin mRNA existed. Because the levels of perforin mRNA correlated with those of cytolytic functions, perforin is probably a mediator in cytolytic functions of granular lymphocytes in patients with GLPDs. When the lymphocytes were cultured for 1 day, however, the levels of cytolytic activity were increased, and those of perforin mRNA were decreased. Therefore, we cannot rule out the possibility that factors other than perforin protein are involved in the cytolytic functions of granular lymphocytes.