gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of Supply Chain Management with the Use of Metrics (2008)

Economic subjects give more and more consideration to decisions connected to the measurement of performances and supply chain metrics. This paper explains the performances of categories within the supply chain which can be measured and according to that, influence on the continuous improvement of business processes. As the market is constantly changing, the supply chain adjusts to the fast changes thus ensuring a better position on the market. In order to be competitive and sustainable, economic subjects within the supply chain must also be able to adjust and quickly respond to the changes in their surroundings. Besides the presentation of the performances, measured in four categories (customer service, internal efficiency, demand flexibility and product development) and considered from a theoretical point of view, the paper also analyses the application of the same on concrete examples. The importance and the role of metrics results from the following: the measurement of performances gives a diagnosis of their current position, determines the future goals of all participants in the supply chain for the purpose of achieving greater efficiency in sum and furthermore, it gives the results which identify the current state of each individual category. It should be mentioned that the obtained results will also suggest the areas which can be improved and thus result in certain changes in the method of work. Economic subjects which think in accordance with the trends on the market will try not just to be a part of the supply chain in order to reduce business expenses and increase profit, but will also consider metrics as an important tool in supply chain management.
Virtual queueing techniques for UBR+ service in ATM with fair access and minimum bandwidth guarantee (2002)

The ATM Forum is currently discussing the need for a new best-effort service called UBR+, which is an enhancement to the existing UBR service, to support data traffic. The objective of the UBR+ service is to provide each user with a minimum service rate guarantee and a fair access to any excess available bandwidth. We present a new efficient scheme for supporting this service. The key advantage of our scheme is that it employs only FIFO queueing (instead of per-VC queueing) and admits simple implementation in ATM switches. Our ideas involve a simple scheduling mechanism that is based on per-VC queueing and incorporate the virtual queueing technique that can efficiently emulate per-VC queuing on a shared FIFO queue. Simulation results are presented to show that our schemes can deliver almost ideal performance for supporting the new service requirements of UBR+.
Sequential Targeting in Crosslinking Nanotheranostics for Tackling the Multibarriers of Brain Tumors (2020)

The efficacy of therapeutics for brain tumors is seriously hampered by multiple barriers to drug delivery, including severe destabilizing effects in the blood circulation, the blood-brain barrier/blood-brain tumor barrier (BBB/BBTB), and limited tumor uptake. Here, a sequential targeting in crosslinking (STICK) nanodelivery strategy is presented to circumvent these important physiological barriers to improve drug delivery to brain tumors. STICK nanoparticles (STICK-NPs) can sequentially target BBB/BBTB and brain tumor cells with surface maltobionic acid (MA) and 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid (CBA), respectively, and simultaneously enhance nanoparticle stability with pH-responsive crosslinkages formed by MA and CBA in situ. STICK-NPs exhibit prolonged circulation time (17-fold higher area under curve) than the free agent, allowing increased opportunities to transpass the BBB/BBTB via glucose-transporter-mediated transcytosis by MA. The tumor acidic environment then triggers the transformation of the STICK-NPs into smaller nanoparticles and reveals a secondary CBA targeting moiety for deep tumor penetration and enhanced uptake in tumor cells. STICK-NPs significantly inhibit tumor growth and prolong the survival time with limited toxicity in mice with aggressive and chemoresistant diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. This formulation tackles multiple physiological barriers on-demand with a simple and smart STICK design. Therefore, these features allow STICK-NPs to unleash the potential of brain tumor therapeutics to improve their treatment efficacy.
Monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 expression in acute and chronic human nephritides (1996)

Tubulointerstitial damage is a common histopathological feature of acute and chronic renal diseases and a prognostic indicator of renal function outcome. Monocytes infiltrating the interstitium, through the release of cytokines and/or growth factors, may play a key role in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial damage. Monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 (MCP-1) is a specific and powerful chemoattractant and activating factor for monocytes. This study investigated MCP-1 expression and its correlation with monocyte infiltration and tubulointerstitial damage in biopsies of patients with acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) and a chronic glomerulonephritis, namely immunoglobulin. A nephropathy (IgAN), often characterized by tubulointerstitial involvement. Six patients with AIN and 20 patients with IgAN, nine with mild (G1 to 2) and 11 with moderate to severe histologic lesions (G3 to 5), were studied. MCP-1 gene and protein expression were evaluated by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Infiltrating CD68-positive cells were identified as monocytes. MCP-1, weakly expressed in normal kidneys, was clearly upregulated in AIN biopsies. The gene and the protein expression were primarily localized in tubular and glomerular parietal epithelial cells, as well as in infiltrating mononuclear cells. In IgAN, a striking increase in MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression was observed only in the biopsies with moderate to severe lesions, with a pattern of expression similar to AIN. The MCP-1 expression strictly correlated with monocyte infiltrates and tubulointerstitial damage. In addition, the urinary excretion of this chemokine was studied in 17 IgAN patients. MCP-1 protein concentration was higher, compared with healthy subjects, in IgAN patients, especially in the G3 to 5 group, and directly correlated with the renal MCP-1 gene expression. In conclusion, these data suggest that production of MCP-1 in the tubulointerstitial compartment may play a key role in modulating monocytes influx and, consequently, tubulointerstitial damage.
Relationships between experienced listener ratings of multichannel audio quality and naïve listener preferences (2005)

The preferences of a large number of naïve listeners were elicited in response to a selection of multichannel audio items that had been degraded in quality by using band-limiting and down-mixing algorithms. Relationships were sought between these preference ratings and the quality judgements of experienced listeners in an attempt to determine whether one could be predicted from the other. Results suggest that a simple regression model can be used to do this with adequate results, but that a better prediction can be successfully based on experienced listener ratings of timbral and spatial fidelity. There is a difference between naïve and experienced listeners in the weightings of the fidelities and their relationship to overall quality.
Functional human IgA targets a conserved site on malaria sporozoites (2021)

Immunoglobulin (Ig)A antibodies play a critical role in protection against mucosal pathogens. However, the role of serum IgA in immunity to nonmucosal pathogens, such as <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, is poorly characterized, despite being the second most abundant isotype in blood after IgG. Here, we investigated the circulating IgA response in humans to <i>P. falciparum</i> sporozoites that are injected into the skin by mosquitoes and migrate to the liver via the bloodstream to initiate malaria infection. We found that circulating IgA was induced in three independent sporozoite-exposed cohorts: individuals living in an endemic region in Mali, malaria-naïve individuals immunized intravenously with three large doses of irradiated sporozoites, and malaria-naïve individuals exposed to a single controlled mosquito bite infection. Mechanistically, we found evidence in an animal model that IgA responses were induced by sporozoites at dermal inoculation sites. From malaria-resistant individuals, we isolated several IgA monoclonal antibodies that reduced liver parasite burden in mice. One antibody, MAD2-6, bound to a conserved epitope in the amino terminus of the <i>P. falciparum</i> circumsporozoite protein, the dominant protein on the sporozoite surface. Crystal structures of this antibody revealed a unique mode of binding whereby two Fabs simultaneously bound either side of the target peptide. This study reveals a role for circulating IgA in malaria and identifies the amino terminus of the circumsporozoite protein as a target of functional antibodies.
Correlation of messenger RNA expression patterns of ERCC1, TS, EGFR, and VEGFR2 with KRAS and BRAF mutational status in advanced colorectal cancer: Implications for targeted therapies. (2013)

383 Background: Gene expression levels of ERCC1, TS, EGFR and VEGFR2 may have predictive value for the personalized use of standard chemotherapeutics as well as agents targeting the EGFR and VEGF pathways and the efficacy of EGFR directed monoclonal antibodies like panitumumab and cetuximab has been confirmed to be dependent on wt KRAS and wt BRAF in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. We investigated the correlations between KRAS/BRAF mutational status and the mRNA expression levels of these genes. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from 600 patients with advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma were microdissected and DNA and RNA was extracted. Specifically designed primers and probes were used to detect 7 different base substitutions in codon 12 and 13 of KRAS, V600E mutations in BRAF and the expression levels of ERCC1, TS, EGFR and VEGFR2 by RT-PCR. Results: Mt KRAS tumors had significantly lower TS and EGFR gene expression levels compared with wt KRAS (p&lt;0,001), whereas mt BRAF tumors showed significantly increased TS and EGFR mRNA levels compared to wt BRAF (p&lt;0,001). Mt BRAF tumors showed significantly higher mRNA levels than mt KRAS tumors (p&lt;0,001). ERCC1 and VEGFR2 mRNA levels were significantly down-regulated in mt KRAS specimen (p&lt;0,001), but showed no significant correlation with BRAF mutational status. Conclusions: KRAS and BRAF mutations are associated with opposite mRNA expression levels for TS and EGFR. Recently, resistance to BRAF inhibition in mt BRAF colorectal tumors has been shown in preclinical models to be associated with up-regulation of EGFR. Our data suggests that BRAF mutants are associated with high EGFR levels at the time of diagnosis, and not necessarily part of an acquired mechanism of resistance. Significantly lower mRNA expression levels of VEGFR2 in mt KRAS tumors may explain lower response to angiogenesis inhibition seen in the TML study.
Observation of L1[subscript]0-like chemical ordering in a decahedral FePt nanoparticle by C[subscript]s-corrected high resolution transmission electron microscopy (2009)

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 53RD ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS / Hard Magnetic Materials
Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Water Adsorption/Desorption Process in Modern and Archaeological Wood (2008)

We investigated the adsorption/desorption mechanism of water and the variation of water adsorption for modern and archaeological wood using near-infrared spectroscopy. A mixture model of water was used to decompose the near-infrared difference spectra into three components (free water molecules (S 0), those with one OH group engaged in hydrogen bonding (S1), and those with two OH groups engaged in hydrogen bonding (S2)) based on a principal component analysis. The variations of each water component with relative humidity could be explained by proposing a model that describes water absorption in three stages. It was concluded that the aging phenomenon in wood is due to the decrease of adsorption sites on hemicellulose and amorphous cellulose.
Moving Pictures: Imaging Flow Cytometry for Drug Development (2009)

As technologies for high throughput and high content screening continue to evolve, new platforms for quantitative cellular imaging will play an increasingly important role in identifying and profiling lead compounds. To gain insight into the effects of a compound on cell morphology or intracellular events, it is necessary to have quality images and the ability to enumerate thousands of data points for statistical relevance. Imaging flow cytometry combines many of the features of flow cytometry, microscopy and imaging as well as a number of unique characteristics. The result is an instrument capable of highly quantitative analysis of cellular behaviors such as receptor internalization, phagocytosis, cell-cell communication, apoptosis and nuclear translocation. This promising new technology and unique type of flow cytometry provides enhanced capabilities for highly multiplexed assays. Here, we review the capabilities of the ImageStream imaging cytometer and discuss several applications relevant to compound screening and profiling.
Single-Point Access to Data Distributed on Many Processors (2007)

A description of the functions and data structures is defined that would be necessary to implement the Chapel concept of distributions, domains, allocation, access, and interfaces to the compiler for transformations from Chapel source to their run-time implementation for these concepts. A complete set of object-oriented operators is defined that enables one to access elements of a distributed array through regular arithmetic index sets, giving the programmer the illusion that all the elements are collocated on a single processor. This means that arbitrary regions of the arrays can be fragmented and distributed across multiple processors with a single point of access. This is important because it can significantly improve programmer productivity by allowing the programmers to concentrate on the high-level details of the algorithm without worrying about the efficiency and communication details of the underlying representation.
Abstract 745: HOXB7 renders breast cancer resistant to tamoxifen through activation of the HER2 pathway (2011)

Abstract Multiple factors, including long term treatment with tamoxifen, are involved in the development of selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) resistance of ERα positive breast cancer. It is well known in the endocrinology field that increased levels of ErbB/HER family members can also directly alter the cellular response to tamoxifen, but the mechanisms underlying increased expression of ErbB/HERs are not clear. In this studyreport we identifiedfound a number of HOXB7- specific binding sites throughout the genome in responsewith reaction to estrogen, through HOXB7 Chip on chip assay. We show that HOXB7 interacts with ERα and together they it bind to theharbors regulatory elements of ERα- regulated genes to enhance their transcription activity. Enforced expression of HOXB7 increases expression of ERα- regulated genes while knockdown of HOXB7 with siRNA reduces their expression. In addition, our work demonstrates that in order to mediate upregulation of HER2 in tamoxifen resistance, the HOXB7-ERα complex recruits ERα coactivators and promotes HER2 transcription activity through direct binding to the HER2 enhancer region. However, depletion of HOXB7 negatively affects the binding affinity of its cofactors to the HER2 enhancer element. Higher expression levels of HOXB7 significantly correlates with poorer disease free survival in ERα- positive breast cancer patients on adjuvant tamoxifen monotherapy. These findings implicate overexpression of HOXB7 as a key event in the initiation and maintenance of tamoxifen resistance. These studies suggest that HOXB7 acts as a key regulator orchestrating two major groups of target molecules, ERα and HER2, in the oncogene hieeirarchy. Therefore, fFunctional antagonism of HOXB7 has the potential tocould circumvent tamoxifen resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 745. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-745
Revision knee arth roplasty with impaction (2004)

Loss of bone stock around loose total joint replacement is a serious problem in revision surgery. It can be addressed by different techniques. Combinations of metal and cement can be used to replace the lost bone, but this makes subsequent revision much more difficult as there will be even greater loss of bone stock loss.
Le clergé basque et la guerre civile espagnole. Une identité fondée sur le concept de victime (2000)

Le six novembre 1936, le journal nationaliste basque Euzkadi publie l'article suivant : « Nous savons de source sûre qu'une multitude de prêtres basques ont été fusillés avec une bassesse et un acharnement inconnus jusqu'alors dans notre histoire [...] ils ont été tués non pas pour avoir participé à la lutte sanglante sur les fronts ou à l'arrière, ni pour avoir joué de leur influence auprès d'amis ou d'ennemis, mais pour leurs idées nationalistes . » À partir de ce moment-là, le clergé proch...
Feasibility of Cu–Al–Mn superelastic alloy bars as reinforcement elements in concrete beams (2013)

Experimental and numerical works are reported to assess the cyclic response of concrete beams reinforced with superelastic alloy (SEA) bars. The feasibility of newly developed Cu–Al–Mn SEA bars, characterized by large recovery strain, low material cost and high machinability, is examined as partial replacements for conventional steel bars, in order to reduce residual cracks in structures during and after intense earthquakes. Four-point reverse cyclic bending tests were done on one-third scale concrete beams comprising three different types of specimens—conventional steel reinforced concrete, SEA reinforced concrete and SEA reinforced concrete (RC) with pre-tensioning. The results showed that SEA reinforced concrete beams demonstrated strong recentering capability and significant enhancement in crack recovery capacity, in comparison to steel reinforced beams. Furthermore, corresponding finite element models were generated to simulate the experimental observations. Both the experimental observations and finite element computations illustrated the superiority of SEA bars to conventional steel bars in providing RC beam specimens with recentering and crack recovery capabilities.
Distributed adaptive fault section estimation system for large-scale power networks (2003)

The distributed radial basis function neural networks (RBF NN) can effectively solve fault section estimation (FSE) in large-scale power networks. However when the network expands or topology changes, the RBF NN has to be totally retrained, which is time-consuming and becomes a bottleneck in its applications. In this paper, functional equivalence between a RBF NN and a companion fuzzy system (CFS) is built up throughout the neural network training process, therefore the RBF NN retraining issue under network expansion and topology change can be solved effectively and efficiently through useful knowledge extraction from the old CFS and insertion back to the new CFS piece by piece. The corresponding FSE system has been implemented and tested in the IEEE 118-bus power system. The simulation results show that the suggested approach for RBF NN retraining works successfully and efficiently in the case of power network expansion and topology change, which significantly improves the application potential of RBF NN in FSE of real power systems.
Design and Characterization of ESD Protection Devices for High-Speed I/O in Advanced SOI Technology (2010)

This paper focuses on the characterization, modeling, and design of electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices such as the gated diode, the bulk substrate diode, and the double-well field-effect diode (DWFED) in 45 nm silicon-on-insulator technology. ESD protection capabilities are investigated using very fast transmission line pulsing tests to predict a device's performance in charged device model (CDM) ESD events. Device capacitance, which is critical for high-speed input/output performance, is evaluated, and biasing schemes and processing techniques are proposed to reduce the parasitic capacitance during normal operating conditions. Technology computer-aided design simulations are used to interpret the physical effects. The implementation of devices for meeting CDM protection requirements is discussed. Evaluation results identify DWFED as a promising candidate for the pad-based local-clamping scheme.
Horizontal mtDNA transfer between cells is common during mouse development (2022)

Cells transmit their genomes vertically to daughter cells during cell divisions. Here, we demonstrate the occurrence and extent of horizontal mitochondrial (mt)DNA acquisition between cells that are not in a parent-offspring relationship. Extensive single-cell sequencing from various tissues and organs of adult chimeric mice composed of cells carrying distinct mtDNA haplotypes showed that a substantial fraction of individual cardiomyocytes, neurons, glia, intestinal, and spleen cells captured donor mtDNA at high levels. In addition, chimeras composed of cells with wild-type and mutant mtDNA exhibited increased trafficking of wild-type mtDNA to mutant cells, suggesting that horizontal mtDNA transfer may be a compensatory mechanism to restore compromised mitochondrial function. These findings establish the groundwork for further investigations to identify mtDNA donor cells and mechanisms of transfer that could be critical to the development of novel gene therapies.
A comparison of three methods of ultrasound to computed tomography registration (2009)

During orthopaedic surgery, preoperative CT scans can be aligned to the patient to assist the guidance of surgical instruments and the placement of implants.Registration (i.e.alignment) can be accomplished in many ways: by registering implanted fiducial markers, by touching a probe to the bone surface, or by aligning intraoperative two dimensional flouro images with the the three dimensional CT data.These approaches have problems: They require exposure of the bone, subject the patient and surgeons to ionizing radiation, or do both.Ultrasound can also be used to register a preoperative CT scan to the patient.The ultrasound probe is tracked as it passes over the patient and the ultrasound images are aligned to the CT data.This method eliminates the problems of bone exposure and ionizing radiation, but is computationally more difficult because the ultrasound images contain incomplete and unclear bone surfaces.In this work, we compare three methods to register a set of ultrasound images to a CT scan: Iterated Closest Point, Mutual Information and a novel method Points-to-Image.The average Target Registration Error and speed of each method is presented along with a brief summary of their strengths and weaknesses.i