gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low profile pattern‐switchable multibeam antenna consisting of four L‐shaped microstrip lines (2018)

A multibeam antenna consisting of a set of four L‐shaped microstrip line sections is presented for pattern switchable applications. A planar electromagnetic band gap substrate is implemented to reduce the antenna profile to λ 2.45 /35, where λ 2.45 is the free space wavelength at a design frequency of 2.45 GHz. An impedance matching network is integrated on the lowest layer below a ground plane. The microstrip lines have a resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz and are excited separately. When one of the strips is excited, the antenna generates a tilted beam with a gain of 8.6 dBi. By switching the excitation strip sequentially, a full azimuth beam steering is achieved. When the antenna is located above a large conducting reflector, the antenna maintains its performance. Thus, the antenna is a candidate for moving objects with high speed internet and vehicular tracking.
DEVELOPMENT OF PLUME OF MATERIAL VAPORIZED BY GIANT-PULSE LASER (1963)

First Page
A polymorphic dinucleotide repeat in intron 2 of the human cystatin-C gene (1992)

Journal Article A polymorphic dinucleotide repeat in intron 2 of the human cystatin-C gene Get access D. Hughes, D. Hughes Alzheimer's Disease Research Group, St Mary's Hospital Medical SchoolLondon W2 1PG, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Brown, J. Brown Alzheimer's Disease Research Group, St Mary's Hospital Medical SchoolLondon W2 1PG, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Hardy, J. Hardy Alzheimer's Disease Research Group, St Mary's Hospital Medical SchoolLondon W2 1PG, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. C. Chartier-Harlin M. C. Chartier-Harlin Alzheimer's Disease Research Group, St Mary's Hospital Medical SchoolLondon W2 1PG, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 1, Issue 2, May 1992, Page 143, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/1.2.143 Published: 01 May 1992
[Prosthetic restoration of the pelvic diaphragm in genital urinary prolapse surgery: transobturator and infracoccygeal hammock technique]. (2003)

Transobturator and infracoccygeal hammock is a fast, solid and easily reproducible original surgical process, causing minimal post-operative discomfort. Indications are posthysterectomy complete prolapse and prolapse of the three floors in menopaused woman, from stage 2 with or without associated urinary stress incontinence. Success of this technique depends on good long-term tolerance of the new prosthetic materials used in female pelvic surgery.
Multi-vehicle target selection for adaptive cruise control (2010)

This paper presents a target selection strategy for adaptive cruise control (ACC) in multiple vehicle traffic situations. Since there are many vehicles in a real road and various transitions between the subject vehicle and the neighbouring vehicles occurred, it is important to establish a target selection and a control strategy for applying the ACC system to multiple vehicle traffic scenes in order to improve the driver acceptance and the vehicle safety. For this purpose, it is necessary to determine which neighbouring vehicle is an important target for the adaptive cruise control and prevention of collision depending on a driving situation. A primary target selection algorithm decides an in-lane target and provides the information to a longitudinal controller in order to drive a subject vehicle smoothly and to ensure safety in multi-vehicle traffic situations. The proposed selection algorithm consists of an in-lane target detection, a motion-based analysis and an integration process. The performance and safety benefits of a multi-vehicle ACC system with proposed target selection strategy are investigated via simulations using several driving scenarios. Simulation results show that the system response is smooth and safe even in multiple vehicle driving situations.
On Extractive and Abstractive Neural Document Summarization with\n Transformer Language Models (2019)

We present a method to produce abstractive summaries of long documents that\nexceed several thousand words via neural abstractive summarization. We perform\na simple extractive step before generating a summary, which is then used to\ncondition the transformer language model on relevant information before being\ntasked with generating a summary. We show that this extractive step\nsignificantly improves summarization results. We also show that this approach\nproduces more abstractive summaries compared to prior work that employs a copy\nmechanism while still achieving higher rouge scores. Note: The abstract above\nwas not written by the authors, it was generated by one of the models presented\nin this paper.\n
Clustering news articles using efficient similarity measure and N-grams (2018)

The rapid progress of information technology and web makes it easier to store huge amount of collected textual information, e.g., blogs, news articles, e-mail messages, reviews and forum postings. The growing size of textual dataset with high-dimensions and natural language pose a big challenge making it hard for such information to be categorised efficiently. Document clustering is an automatic unsupervised machine learning technique that aimed at grouping related set of items into clusters or subsets. The target is creating clusters with high internal coherence, but different from each other substantially. This paper presents a new document clustering technique using N-grams and efficient similarity measure known as 'improved sqrt-cosine similarity measure'. Comprehensive experiments are conducted to evaluate our proposed clustering technique and compared with an existing method. The results of the experiments show that our proposed clustering technique outperforms the existing techniques.
Sensory and Mass Spectrometric Analysis of the Peptidic Fraction Lower Than One Thousand Daltons in Manchego Cheese (2007)

A total of 107 different peptides, all derived from alphaS1-, alphaS2-, and beta-casein, were identified in different fractions of artisan or industrial Manchego cheese at 4 and 8 mo of ripening, and their sequences were examined. Most of these peptides are described for the first time in Manchego cheese. Taste characteristics (umami and bitter) were assigned based on their AA sequence and the position of these AA within the sequence. The umami taste was predominant in all fractions analyzed by the panelists, and the peptides EQEEL, QEEL, and EINEL, containing a high number of glutamic residues, were found within the fractions. However, in several fractions described as having umami characteristics, no peptides responsible for this taste were detected. Therefore, compounds other than peptides seem to be involved in the umami properties of water-soluble extracts lower than 1,000 Da of Manchego cheese.
Expression and function of bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors in normal and inflamed rat urinary bladder urothelium (2004)

The bladder urothelium exhibits dynamic sensory properties that adapt to changes in the local environment. These studies investigated the localization and function of bradykinin receptor subtypes B1 and B2 in the normal and inflamed (cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis) bladder urothelium and their contribution to lower urinary tract function in the rat. Our findings indicate that the bradykinin 2 receptor (B2R) but not the bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) is expressed in control bladder urothelium. B2R immunoreactivity was localized throughout the bladder, including the urothelium and detrusor smooth muscle. Bradykinin-evoked activation of this receptor elevated intracellular calcium (EC(50) = 8.4 nM) in a concentration-related manner and evoked ATP release from control cultured rat urothelial cells. In contrast, B1R mRNA was not detected in control rat urinary bladder; however, following acute (24 h) and chronic (8 day) CYP-induced cystitis in the rat, B1R mRNA was detected throughout the bladder. Functional B1Rs were demonstrated by evoking ATP release and increases in [Ca(2+)](i) in CYP (24 h)-treated cultured rat urothelial cells with a selective B1 receptor agonist (des-Arg(9)-bradykinin). Cystometry performed on control anaesthetized rats revealed that intravesical instillation of bradykinin activated the micturition pathway. Attenuation of this response by the P2 receptor antagonist PPADS suggests that bradykinin-induced micturition facilitation may be due in part to increased purinergic responsiveness. CYP (24 h)-treated rats demonstrated bladder hyperactivity that was significantly reduced by intravesical administration of either B1 (des-Arg(10)-Hoe-140) or B2 (Hoe-140) receptor antagonists. These studies demonstrate that urothelial expression of bradykinin receptors is plastic and is altered by pathology.
Quartz resonators at cryogenic temperatures: Noise and quality factor (2013)

Bulk acoustic wave quartz crystal resonators exhibit 1/f frequency noise. Some theories attempt to explain the origin of this flicker noise and relate the quality factor Q of the resonator to its noise level such that a high Q-factor is required to reach a low noise level. This point is confirmed by experience and justifies tests at very low temperature. Indeed, a few years ago, it had been shown that quartz losses (i.e 1/Q), dramatically decreased below 20 Kelvins. Experiments have been performed using a pulse tube cryocooler. Various power spectral densities of resonator noise are presented and discussed, depending on the experimental environment conditions, especially regarding vibrations and temperature fluctuations around 4K. Moreover, measurements had also been performed down to 20 mK by means of a dilution cryorefrigerator. Some resonance modes at more than 50 MHz exhibit outstanding Q-values greater than 1 billion. With such values, electromagnetic cooling techniques such as parametric cold damping or feedback cooling are achievable. Future suitable prospects are described.
Developments in Gigascale Silicon Optical Modulators Using Free Carrier Dispersion Mechanisms (2008)

This paper describes the recent advances made in silicon optical modulators employing the free carrier dispersion effect, specifically those governed by majority carrier dynamics. The design, fabrication, and measurements for two different devices are discussed in detail. We present an MOS capacitor‐based modulator delivering 10 Gbps data with an extinction ratio of ∼4 dB and a pn‐diode‐based device with high‐speed transmission of 40 Gbps and bandwidth greater than 30 GHz. Device improvements for achieving higher extinction ratios, as required for certain applications, are also discussed. These devices are key components of integrated silicon photonic chips which could enable optical interconnects in future terascale processors.
Unique Upconversion Core–Shell Nanoparticles with Tunable Fluorescence Synthesized by a Sequential Growth Process (2015)

A facile sequential growth process is developed to synthesize uniform lanthanide-doped upconversion (UC) core–shell nanoparticles with controlled nanostructures and enhanced UC fluorescence, which provides an important tool for their extensive applications in the near future. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART IMPLANTATION IN CALVES WITH PUMP OF AN ANGLED PORT DESIGN (1979)

The APP was employed in our 21st TAH calf and has now been implanted in a total of 11 animals. The APP has a dynamic stroke volume of 105 ml, an ejection fraction of 75%, and a peak flow of 14 L/min. The TAH features 2 APPs which have polysulfone cases and contain smooth, seam-free polyurethane sacs. Concavoconvex Bjork-Shiley valves are used. The pumps are pneumatically driven but may be easily converted to pusher-plate drive. A pneumatic drive console and an automatic control unit complete the system. The automatic control unit permits independent control of the right and left hearts as a function of left atrial and aortic pressure respectively. The average survival of the APP TAH calves has been 65 days. Hematologic study has revealed basically normal results with minimal elevation of serum hemoglobin and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), indicative of a low level of hemolysis. Elelvation of central venous pressure (CVP) and total blood volume continue to be a problem with some TAH calves but not all. The APP has led to a dramatic increase in duration of survival and decrease in thromboembolism.
'Black Pearl' Thornless Trailing Blackberry (2005)

fruit breeding, spineless 'Marion' is currently the most important blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus) cultivar in the world and it is the predominant cultivar grown for the processed fruit market While 'Marion' produces fruit of outstanding quality for processing, the plants are thorny (botanically termed spiny). When 'Marion' is machine harvested, thorns can end up in the product As a result, a primary priority for the breeding program has been the development of cultivars that are thornless, machine harvestable, and retain the excellent processing characteristics of 'Marion'. Three thornless blackberry cultivars with these qualities are being released simultaneously: 'Black Pearl', 'Black Diamond' (Finn et al., 2005a) and 'Nightfall' (Finn et al., 2005b).
NIST/Sandia/ICDD Electron-Diffraction Database - A database for phase identification by electron-diffraction (1989)

A new database containing crystallographic and chemical information designed especially for application to electron diffraction search/match and related problems has been developed. The new database was derived from two well-established x-ray diffraction databases, the JCPDS Powder Diffraction File and NBS CRYSTAL DATA, and incorporates 2 years of experience with an earlier version. It contains 71,142 entries, with space group and unit cell data for 59,612 of those. Unit cell and space group information were used, where available, to calculate patterns consisting of all allowed reflections with <i>d</i>-spacings greater than 0.8 A for ~ 59,000 of the entries. Calculated patterns are used in the database in preference to experimental x-ray data when both are available, since experimental x-ray data sometimes omits high <i>d</i>-spacing data which falls at low diffraction angles. Intensity data are not given when calculated spacings are used. A search scheme using chemistry and <i>r</i>-spacing (reciprocal <i>d</i>-spacing) has been developed. Other potentially searchable data in this new database include space group, Pearson symbol, unit cell edge lengths, reduced cell edge length, and reduced cell volume. Compound and/or mineral names, formulas, and journal references are included in the output, as well as pointers to corresponding entries in NBS CRYSTAL DATA and the Powder Diffraction File where more complete information may be obtained. Atom positions are not given. Rudimentary search software has been written to implement a chemistry and <i>r</i>-spacing bit map search. With typical data, a full search through ~ 71,000 compounds takes 10~20 seconds on a PDP 11/23-RL02 system.
Conditioned hearing sensitivity reduction in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) (2014)

The conditioned change in hearing sensitivity during a warning sound preceding a loud sound was investigated in the bottlenose dolphin. Hearing sensitivity was measured using pip-train test stimuli and auditory evoked potential recording. When the test/warning stimulus with a frequency of 22.5 or 32 kHz preceded the loud sound with a frequency of 22.5 kHz and a sound pressure level of 165 dB re. 1 μPa rms, hearing thresholds before the loud sound increased relative to the baseline. The threshold increased up to 15 dB. In order to further investigate whether the observed threshold increase was due to conditioning, the dependence of the effect on warning duration and inter-trial interval was investigated. The duration of the warning substantially influenced the effect. Shorter warnings resulted in deeper suppression of responses and higher threshold increases than longer warnings. In contrast, the effect was nearly independent of the duration of the inter-trial interval, i.e. it was independent of the delay from the loud sound to the test/warning sound in the subsequent trial. These data are considered as evidence that the observed hearing threshold increases were not a result of the unconditioned effect of the loud sound and were instead a manifestation of a conditioned dampening of hearing when the bottlenose dolphin anticipated the quick appearance of a loud sound in the same way as previously demonstrated in the false killer whale.
Tunnel magnetoresistance properties and film structures of double MgO barrier magnetic tunnel junctions (2010)

The authors fabricated double MgO barrier magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with 3-nm-thick Co40Fe40B20 free layer. When annealed at 350 °C, tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio at room temperature was 130%, much lower than that (297%) of single MgO barrier MTJs processed and annealed under the same condition. The middle CoFeB free layer sandwiched between the two MgO barriers was found to be mostly amorphous. Replacement of the Co40Fe40B20 free layer by a highly oriented Co50Fe50 layer and a composite Co50Fe50/Co40Fe40B20 layer led to the enhanced TMR ratios up to 165% and 212% at annealing temperature of 350 °C, respectively.
Flexible Field Emission Device Using Carbon Nanofiber Nanocomposite Sheet (2008)

We have investigated detailed field emission characteristics of side electron emission from carbon nanofiber (CNF)/elastomer nanocomposite sheet. Strong electron emission from the cross-sectional cutting side of the CNF/elastomer nanocomposite sheet has been confirmed even for cured nanocomposites. The threshold voltage is less than 200 V and the saturation current has been found to increase gradually with the applied voltage. Utilizing the side electron emission configuration, highly efficient, indium–tin-oxide free, flexible field emission device has been demonstrated.
Genomic epidemiology of a national outbreak of post-surgical Mycobacterium abscessus wound infections in Brazil (2017)

An epidemic of post-surgical wound infections, caused by a non-tuberculous mycobacterium, has been on-going in Brazil. It has been unclear whether one or multiple lineages are responsible and whether their wide geographical distribution across Brazil is due to spread from a single point source or is the result of human-mediated transmission. 188 isolates, collected from nine Brazilian states, were whole genome sequenced and analysed using phylogenetic and comparative genomic approaches. The isolates from Brazil formed a single clade, which was estimated to have emerged in 2003. We observed temporal and geographic structure within the lineage that enabled us to infer the movement of sub-lineages across Brazil. The genome size of the Brazilian lineage was reduced relative to most strains in the three subspecies of <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> and contained a novel plasmid, pMAB02, in addition to the previously described pMAB01 plasmid. One lineage, which emerged just prior to the initial outbreak, is responsible for the epidemic of post-surgical wound infections in Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that multiple transmission events led to its spread. The presence of a novel plasmid and the reduced genome size suggest that the lineage has undergone adaptation to the surgical niche.
Different regulation of T helper 1‐ and T helper 2‐promoting cytokine signalling factors in human dendritic cells after exposure to protein versus contact allergens (2007)

Cytokine-dependent T helper 1 (Th1) differentiation versus T helper 2 (Th2) differentiation is controlled by distinct transcription factors. Previously, we have demonstrated that immature human dendritic cells (DC) from blood donors with allergies show rapid phosphorylation of the Th2-associated signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) upon contact with protein allergens. In the present study we investigated whether this process is regulated by the downstream molecules suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) and/or by the factors T-bet and GATA3. Therefore, immature DC of grass or birch pollen-allergic donors were treated with the respective Th2-promoting protein allergens, and, for comparison, with the Th1-promoting contact allergen 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazolinone plus 2-methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) or with the antigen tetanus toxoid. Changes in the mRNA levels of SOCS1, SOCS3, T-bet and GATA3 were analysed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Exposure of DC to protein allergens led to the up-regulation of the Th2-associated genes SOCS3 and GATA3, whereas the contact allergen MCI/MI preferentially enhanced the expression of the Th1-associated gene T-bet. Treatment of immature DC with the antigen tetanus toxoid increased both Th1- and Th2-associated genes. Our data indicate that polarization of type 1 versus type 2 immune responses takes place already at the level of antigen-presenting cells, involving molecules similar to those used in T-cell polarization.