gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
M-cluster and X-ray: Two methods for multi-jammer localization in wireless sensor networks (2014)

Jamming is one of the most severe attacks in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). While existing countermeasures mainly focus on designing new communication mechanisms to survive under jamming, a proactive solution is to first localize the jammer(s) and
Quantitative Effects of Valacyclovir on the Replication of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Persons with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: Baseline CMV Load Dictates Time to Disease and Survival (1999)

Virus load is a major risk factor for disease in many human viral infections, especially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. The effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) load on disease progression and the influence of antiviral chemotherapy on surrogate markers of replication was investigated in 310 patients with advanced HIV disease in a randomized controlled trial that compared the effects of valacyclovir with those of acyclovir. Sequential blood and urine samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for human CMV (HCMV) DNA. In multivariate analyses, elevated virus load in both blood and urine at baseline was associated with increased risk of HCMV disease (relative hazard, 1.49 and 1.44 per log increase, respectively). Elevated virus load in blood at baseline was also associated with a significantly shorter survival time (log rank, P=. 0001). In time-updated analyses, valacyclovir significantly suppressed the virus load in subjects who were PCR positive at baseline (in blood or urine), when compared with the combined acyclovir arms.
Induction of Glucose Intolerance by Acute Administration of Rimonabant (2012)

Rimonabant causes dose-dependent increase in glucose profile upon glucose challenge partially mediated by the central nervous system control of gastrointestinal carbohydrate absorption through pathways that are modulated by both 5-HT and dopamine.
Effect of Re on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of NbTiZr and TaTiZr Equiatomic Alloys (2021)

The microstructure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of NbTiZr, TaTiZr, Re0.3NbTiZr, and Re0.3TaTiZr are reported. The alloys were produced by vacuum arc melting and hot isostatically pressed (HIP’d) at 1400 °C for 3 h under 276 MPa hydrostatic pressure of high-purity argon prior to testing. NbTiZr had a single-phase BCC crystal structure, while TaTiZr had a Ti- and Zr-rich BCC matrix phase and Ta-rich nanometer-sized BCC precipitates, at volume fractions of 0.49 and 0.51, respectively. Re0.3NbTiZr consisted of a BCC matrix phase and Re-rich precipitates with a FCC crystal structure and the volume fraction of 0.14. The microstructure of Re0.3TaTiZr consisted of a Zr-rich BCC matrix phase and coarse, Re and Ta rich, BCC particles, which volume fraction was 0.47. NbTiZr and TaTiZr had a room temperature (RT) yield stress of 920 MPa and 1670 MPa, respectively. While, 10 at.% Re additions increased the RT yield stress to 1220 MPa in Re0.3NbTiZr and 1715 MPa in Re0.3TaTiZr. Re also considerably improved the RT ductility of TaTiZr, from about 2.5% to 10% of true strain. The positive strengthening effect from the Re additions was retained at high (800–1200 °C) temperatures.
Fresnel-Beugung für die Präzisions-Längenmeßtechnik / Fresnel diffraction for precision length measurement (1987)

Article Fresnel-Beugung für die Präzisions-Längenmeßtechnik / Fresnel diffraction for precision length measurement was published on October 1, 1987 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 54, issue 10).
Design of a system for software testing and debugging for multiprocessor avionics systems (2002)

As multiprocessor software solutions find their way into critical applications such as avionics as a means of increasing performance and reliability, the need for both debugging and testing tools increases dramatically. The authors focus on the gathering of accurate run-time information providing support for both debugging and testing of embedded multiprocessor systems by using run-time identification of simple events and postexecution identification of compound events. Additionally, they propose a way of combining specification-based (black-box) system testing and automatic monitoring to substantially reduce the complexity, tedium, and cost of complete structural (white-box) testing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Probing surface-sensitive redox properties of VOx/TiO2 catalyst nanoparticles (2021)

Redox processes of oxide materials are fundamental in catalysis. These processes depend on the surface structure and stoichiometry of the oxide and are therefore expected to vary between surface facets. However, there is a lack of direct measurements of redox properties on the nanoscale for analysing the importance of such faceting effects in technical materials. Here, we address the facet-dependent redox properties of vanadium-oxide-covered anatase nanoparticles of relevance to, e.g., selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides. The vanadium oxidation states at individual nanoscale facets are resolved in situ under catalytically relevant conditions by combining transmission electron microscopy imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The measurements reveal that vanadium on {001} facets consistently retain higher oxidation states than on {10l} facets. Insight into such structure-sensitivity of surface redox processes opens prospects of tailoring oxide nanoparticles with enhanced catalytic functionalities.
Induction of differentiation and growth arrest associated with nascent (nonoligosomal) DNA fragmentation and reduced c-myc expression in MCF-7 human breast tumor cells after continuous exposure to a sublethal concentration of doxorubicin. (1994)

The effects on DNA integrity of continuous (72-h) exposure of human MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells to 50 nM doxorubicin (a concentration which can be maintained in the plasma by continuous infusion) were characterized by bisbenzimide spectrofluorophotometry, cell flow cytometry, agarose gel electrophoresis, and neutral elution. Spectrofluorophotometry and cell flow cytometry indicated the presence of DNA fragmentation, which was maximal at 24 h. Resolution of these fragments on agarose gels failed to demonstrate "laddered" oligosomal profiles. Neutral elution analysis at 24 h indicated that doxorubicin induced fragmentation of nascent, but not mature, double-stranded DNA. Drug-treated cells exhibited endoreduplication and significant shifts in cell cycle distribution, (i.e., increased G0/G1 and G2/M fractions and a markedly reduced S-phase fraction). These alterations occurred without inhibiting the incorporation of [3H]dThd into cellular DNA; in fact, both the rate and magnitude of [3H]dThd incorporation increased progressively. Doxorubicin also produced a sustained decline in c-myc mRNA levels that paralleled both growth arrest and induction of DNA fragmentation. Ultrastructural examination revealed morphological alterations consistent with the induction of differentiation (e.g., increased lipid content and mitochondrial density, appearance of tight junctions, and secretory ducts) and further suggested the possibility of autocatalysis (e.g., lipofuschin-containing vacuoles). A gradual decline in cell number was observed, with loss of approximately 35% of the cell population after 72 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fabrication of an MRI Model Magnet With an Off-Centered Distribution of Homogeneous Magnetic Field Zone (2010)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requires a highly homogenous magnetic field zone which usually appears at the center of the MRI magnet coil. If this homogeneous zone is allowed to occur at an off-centered position along the coil axis, quite new applications of MRI may be possible. In order to examine this idea, we fabricate a model magnet consisting of several NbTi coils and generating a vertical magnetic field of 0.77 T; coil outer diameter is 307 mm, coil length 191 mm, designed field homogeneity 5 ppm @ 35 mm DSV, and the location of homogeneous field zone 29.4 mm off-centered along the vertical coil axis. As an example of application of this type of MRI, we will discuss about a functional-MRI-based Benton visual retention test which is currently adopted on dementia. This test requires patients to carry out some work like drawing, so that they need some field of vision while sitting in the magnet. The off-centered homogeneous field zone is expected to provide the necessary field of vision.
On agent-mediated electronic commerce (2003)

This paper surveys and analyzes the state of the art of agent-mediated electronic commerce (e-commerce), concentrating particularly on the business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) aspects. From the consumer buying behavior perspective, agents are being used in the following activities: need identification, product brokering, buyer coalition formation, merchant brokering, and negotiation. The roles of agents in B2B e-commerce are discussed through the business-to-business transaction model that identifies agents as being employed in partnership formation, brokering, and negotiation. Having identified the roles for agents in B2C and B2B e-commerce, some of the key underpinning technologies of this vision are highlighted. Finally, we conclude by discussing the future directions and potential impediments to the wide-scale adoption of agent-mediated e-commerce.
Rapid measurement of SARS-CoV-2 spike T cells in whole blood from vaccinated and naturally infected individuals (2021)

Defining the correlates of protection necessary to manage the COVID-19 pandemic requires the analysis of both antibody and T cell parameters, but the complexity of traditional tests limits virus-specific T cell measurements. We tested the sensitivity and performance of a simple and rapid SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific T cell test based on the stimulation of whole blood with peptides covering the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, followed by cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-2) measurement in different cohorts including BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals (n = 112), convalescent asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients (n = 130), and SARS-CoV-1-convalescent individuals (n = 12). The sensitivity of this rapid test is comparable to that of traditional methods of T cell analysis (ELISPOT, activation-induced marker). Using this test, we observed a similar mean magnitude of T cell responses between the vaccinees and SARS-CoV-2 convalescents 3 months after vaccination or virus priming. However, a wide heterogeneity of the magnitude of spike-specific T cell responses characterized the individual responses, irrespective of the time of analysis. The magnitude of these spike-specific T cell responses cannot be predicted from the neutralizing antibody levels. Hence, both humoral and cellular spike-specific immunity should be tested after vaccination to define the correlates of protection necessary to evaluate current vaccine strategies.
RPGR gene therapy presents challenges in cloning the coding sequence (2019)

<b>Introduction</b>: Currently, there are three Phase I/II clinical trials based on gene therapy ongoing to test different AAV.RPGR or deleted RPGR vectors on patients affected by X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. These three vectors differ in the adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector capsid used, and the coding sequences: two contain codon optimized versions of <i>RPGR</i> which give the full-length protein, whilst the third uses a wild-type sequence that contains a large deletion encoding part of the functional domain of the RPGR protein.<b>Areas covered</b>: This review approaches the different studies that have led to the initiation of three different clinical trials for <i>RPGR</i> related X-linked retinitis pigmentosa.<b>Expert opinion</b>: The development of a gene therapy vector to deliver a normal copy of the <i>RPGR</i> gene into the photoreceptors has presented a challenge for the scientific community. The instability of its sequence and the fact that its function is not well understood can lead to the production of a nonfunctional or deleterious protein for the human retina. Since the RPGR protein undergoes post-translational glutamylation in the protein domain that may be particularly affected by gene instability, a functional assay of glutamylation is essential to verify the correct coding sequence.
Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) Pathfinder Mission: Status Overview (2016)

The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) is a Tier 1 mission recommended by the NRC Decadal Survey 2007. The foundation of CLARREO is the ability to produce highly accurate climate records to test climate projections in order to improve models and enable sound policy decisions. The CLARREO mission accomplishes this critical objective through accurate SI-traceable decadal observations that are sensitive to many of the key climate parameters such as radiative forcings, climate responses, and feedbacks. Uncertainties in these parameters drives uncertainty in current climate model projections. In 2016, the CLARREO project received funding for a Pathfinder mission to demonstrate essential measurement technologies required for the full mission. The appropriated funds support the flight of one instruments -- a Reflected Solar (RS) spectrometer, hosted on the International Space Station (ISS) in the 2020 time frame. The CLARREO Pathfinder (CPF) payload will be integrated with the ExPA with location on the ISS, slotted on the ExPRESS logistics carrier (ELC-1). The CPF provides high accuracy spectral reflectance measurements using an RS spectrometer operating between 350 and 2300 nm with continuous spectral coverage (> 95% of reflected solar energy) with uncertainty < 1% (k=2). The reflected solar spectrometer will be capable of pointing to the moon and sun for calibration, as well as tracking time/angle/space-matched observations for reference inter-calibration of other on-orbit radiometers and surface sites. The CPF will provide Earth nadir observations between 52 N and 52 S latitude with full diurnal cycle sampling in approximately 1 month. The CPF will reduce risks of the full CLARREO mission by demonstrating higher accuracy, SI-traceablity, on-orbit calibration approaches and demonstrating that high-accuracy reference inter-calibration with other on-orbit sensors (CERES, VIIRS, CrIS) is achievable.
Influence of Heat Treatments on Quality Retention of Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce (2013)

Postharvest decay and insect infestation are two major causes that contribute towards higher postharvest losses during the fresh produce supply chain. Although decay and pest infestation could be controlled successfully via pesticide applications, the use of chemicals at the postharvest stage is becoming limited due to the strict regulations regarding pesticide residue levels enforced by importing countries. Heat treatments are environmentally friendly and recommended as alternative treatments to replace pesticide applications, especially with regard to fresh produce. These treatments help to eradicate pathogens or pests that are present on the fruit surface while maintaining the overall quality of the fresh produce during the supply chain. Browning is regarded as an economically important physiological disorder that causes detrimental effects on the quality maintenance of fresh-cut produce. Contamination of fresh produce by foodborne pathogens could occur at any stage during the production, harvesting, postharvest chain, or processing, and heat treatments could be recommended as an antibrowning or disinfection treatment for the fresh-cut industry. In light of the above, this review summarizes the effects of postharvest heat treatments on postharvest decay, insect infestation, physiological disorders, fruit ripening, retention of color, and bioactive compounds.
The kinetics of human sperm binding to the human zona pellucida and zona‐free hamster oocyte in vitro (1985)

Abstract In these experiments the mean number of sperm bound to the zonae pellucidae of immature human oocytes and to the vitelli of zona‐free hamster oocytes were counted after centrifuging the oocytes through a discontinuous dextran gradient into a fixative. Sperm suspensions (10 7 sperm/ml) were preincubated in BWW medium containing 35 mg/ml of human serum albumin for 0 to 20 hr and coincubated with oocytes for 4 hr. The kinetics of sperm binding and sperm penetration were clearly different for the two types of oocytes in this system. Sperm binding to the zona pellucida appeared to be associated with zona penetration; when the zona was penetrated, many sperm were tightly bound and vice versa. A similar association between human sperm binding to the zonafree hamster oocyte and hamster oocyte penetration was not so apparent. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that all sperm which were “bound” to the hamster vitellus were acrosome reacted. On the surface of the human zona pellucida acrosome intact and acrosome reacted sperm were observed. These results suggest that tight binding of spermatozoa to the zona pellucida may be an important preliminary step in human fertilization. If this is true the activity of the sperm's “receptor for zona” may not be detected by the assay with zona‐free hamster oocytes.
Surface Display of Recombinant Proteins on Bacillus thuringiensis Spores (2005)

The insecticidal protoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis has been shown to be a major component of the spore coat. We have developed a novel surface display system using B. thuringiensis spores in which the N-terminal portion of the protoxin is replaced with a heterologous protein. The expression vector with a sporulation-specific promoter was successfully used to display green fluorescent protein and a single-chain antibody (scFv) gene that encodes anti-4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-one (anti-phOx) antibody. The spores that carry the anti-phOx antibody can bind to phOx specifically.
Model-Free Measurement of Local Entropy Production and Extractable Work in Active Matter (2022)

Time-reversal symmetry breaking and entropy production are universal features of nonequilibrium phenomena. Despite its importance in the physics of active and living systems, the entropy production of systems with many degrees of freedom has remained of little practical significance because the high dimensionality of their state space makes it difficult to measure. Here, in this work, we introduce a local measure of entropy production and a numerical protocol to estimate it. We establish a connection between the entropy production and extractability of work in a given region of the system and show how this quantity depends crucially on the degrees of freedom being tracked. We validate our approach in theory, simulation, and experiments by considering systems of active Brownian particles undergoing motility-induced phase separation, as well as active Brownian particles and E.coli in a rectifying device in which the time-reversal asymmetry of the particle dynamics couples to spatial asymmetry to reveal its effects on a macroscopic scale.
Acoustic emission monitoring of split formation during Charpy impact testing of high strength steel (2011)

Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring has been used to detect split formation during room temperature low blow Charpy impact testing of high strength thick strip steels. The AE signal analysis identified separate signals originating from hammer impact, plastic deformation (verified using Charpy impact testing on mild steel with no splits) and split initiation/growth. The presence of splits was confirmed by sectioning and fractography, and the splits were brittle in nature. A possible correlation between the AE signal features and fracture mode is presented.
A low-current discharge source for calcium ions (1995)

A low-power discharge source of calcium ions is discussed. The voltage-current characteristics of this source under different experimental conditions are presented. The population transfer between the lowest metastable states of the neutral calcium (Ca I) and the resonance states of Ca II is investigated through a study of spectral emission. The results may be of interest in the spectroscopy of metallic ions as well as for metal vapour lasers utilizing ionic transitions.
Image-based biomechanical modeling for coronary atherosclerotic plaque progression and vulnerability prediction (2022)

Atherosclerotic plaque progression and rupture play an important role in cardiovascular disease development and the final drastic events such as heart attack and stroke. Medical imaging and image-based computational modeling methods advanced considerably in recent years to quantify plaque morphology and biomechanical conditions and gain a better understanding of plaque evolution and rupture process. This article first briefly reviewed clinical imaging techniques for coronary thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) plaques used in image-based computational modeling. This was followed by a summary of different types of biomechanical models for coronary plaques. Plaque progression and vulnerability prediction studies based on image-based computational modeling were reviewed and compared. Much progress has been made and a reasonable high prediction accuracy has been achieved. However, there are still some inconsistencies in existing literature on the impact of biomechanical and morphological factors on future plaque behavior, and it is very difficult to perform direct comparison analysis as differences like image modality, biomechanical factors selection, predictive models, and progression/vulnerability measures exist among these studies. Encouraging data and model sharing across the research community would partially resolve these differences, and possibly lead to clearer assertive conclusions. In vivo image-based computational modeling could be used as a powerful tool for quantitative assessment of coronary plaque vulnerability for potential clinical applications.
Rank synopses for efficient time travel on the web graph (2006)

No abstract available.
Timing of Furlow Palatoplasty for Patients With Submucous Cleft Palate (2017)

Furlow palatoplasty significantly improves the degree of hypernasality in patients with SMCP based on pre- and postoperative nasometry scores and on qualitative assessment of hypernasality. There were no differences in speech outcomes based on early compared with late operative intervention. Therefore, early palatal repair is not obligatory for optimal speech outcomes in children with SMCP and palatoplasty should be deferred until the emergence of overt velopharyngeal insufficiency.