gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific recognition of a dsDNA sequence motif by an immunoglobulin VH homodimer (2004)

Anti-DNA antibodies have the potential to be applied in vast fields of fundamental as well as medical research. They are found in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythemotosus. In most cases, anti-dsDNA antibodies do not present sequence specificity and are of low affinity. The dominant role of VH domains in DNA recognition induced us to search for binders based on VH dimers (VHD), previously reported to bind different protein antigens. We screened a phage displayed homo-VHD library against a 19-bp dsDNA sequence. A sequence-specific binder was selected, which recognizes the terminal located CTGC motif with a Kd of 250 nM. Association of the two identical VH domains of the molecule was shown to be essential for binding.
Thermal and spin-torque noise in CPP (TMR and/or GMR) read sensors (2006)

This paper considers magnetization fluctuations (mag-noise) in current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) read sensors, due to either thermal fluctuations or spin-torque induced instability. The former are relevant to both tunneling (TMR) and giant-magnetoresistance (GMR) devices, the latter a potentially more serious limitation most relevant to all-metal GMR sensors. Discussion of thermal mag-noise is here treated by micromagnetic simulation. Discussion of spin-torque instability includes analytical modeling combined with experimental measurements.
Bacteria‐in‐paper, a versatile platform to study bacterial ecology (2019)

Habitat spatial structure has a profound influence on bacterial life, yet there currently are no low-cost equipment-free laboratory techniques to reproduce the intricate structure of natural bacterial habitats. Here, we demonstrate the use of paper scaffolds to create landscapes spatially structured at the scales relevant to bacterial ecology. In paper scaffolds, planktonic bacteria migrate through liquid-filled pores, while the paper's cellulose fibres serve as anchor points for sessile colonies (biofilms). Using this novel approach, we explore bacterial colonisation dynamics in different landscape topographies and characterise the community composition of Escherichia coli strains undergoing centimetre-scale range expansions in habitats structured at the micrometre scale. The bacteria-in-paper platform enables quantitative assessment of bacterial community dynamics in complex environments using everyday materials.
Ureteral and Bladder Lesions After Ballistic, Ultrasonic, Electrohydraulic, or Laser Lithotripsy* (1994)

Four techniques of intracorporeal lithotripsy are now available: ballistic, ultrasonic, electrohydraulic, and laser. Their therapeutic efficacies have generally been evaluated and compared, but very few data have been available on their relative risks of iatrogenic trauma to the urothelial wall. We conducted a comparative analysis of this risk by testing the pig ureteral and bladder wall with the EMS Lithoclast, Olympus ultrasonic lithotripter, Walz Lithotron EL 23, and Versa Pulse Ho:YAG Coherent Laser. We measured the number of shockwaves or the energy required to perforate the ureter and bladder by delivering shocks perpendicular to the walls. Ureteral perforation was impossible with the 1.0-mm Lithoclast transducer and the 1.5-mm ultrasound transducer. Perforation was induced after 250 shocks with the 0.8-mm Lithoclast transducer, after 110 shocks with the 3F electrohydraulic electrode, and after 0.02 kJ with the laser. Bladder perforation was impossible with the 2.0-mm Lithoclast device and the 3.4-mm ultrasound transducer but was induced after 0.04 kJ had been delivered with the laser. We evaluated the iatrogenic risk under normal conditions of use by delivering the shocks tangentially to the ureteral wall and perpendicular to the bladder wall. We sacrificed animals on days 0, 1, and 6. The immediate histologic lesions induced by the Lithoclast and the ultrasound lithotripter were similar, consisting of a moderate reduction of the epithelial layers or intraepithelial detachments. Electrohydraulic shocks induced almost complete abrasion of the urothelium, and the laser induced extensive lesions of partial or complete necrosis of the urothelial wall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stable aqueous dispersions of C60fullerene by the use of a block copolymer (2005)

Stable aqueous solutions of C60 fullerene have been prepared by the use of a well defined block copolymer, namely poly(styrene-b-ethyleneoxide) (PS-b-PEO). The protocol that has been followed involves, in a first step, the co-dissolution of C60 fullerene and diblock copolymer in toluene, a solvent where formation of micelles with the PEO as the core block is favored. In the second step evaporation of toluene at room temperature takes place. Finally re-dissolution of the formed film in water, with simultaneous inversion of the micellar structure (PS containing C60 as the core), is achieved. The aggregates prepared in this way have been characterized by dynamic light scattering as well as scanning electron microscopy. All the applied techniques have indicated the formation of at least two kinds of aggregates, of different sizes, that enclose fullerenes in their cores. This protocol allows the preparation of micellar aggregates, with biocompatible coronas, containing C60 in 1-20% by weight in respect to the PS component.
Space-time-coded CDMA uplink transmission with MUI-free reception (2005)

The problem of adopting space-time block coding (STBC) in the uplink of direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems is addressed. A novel system architecture is proposed for space-time (ST)-coded uplink transmissions over multipath fading channels with multiple user interference (MUI)-free reception. This proposed system is a combination of single-carrier time-reversal zero-padding (SC-TR-ZP)-based STBC with chip-interleaved block-spread (CIBS)-CDMA. Simulation results show that a substantial performance improvement can be achieved by adopting ST coding compared to the original CIBS-CDMA scheme without ST coding. Optimal maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) may be computationally prohibitive for long channels and/or with high-level modulation. Hence, the performance of different decision feedback sequence estimation (DFSE) schemes is investigated for the proposed ST-coded uplink system. In the case of whitened DFSE (WDFSE), a linear prediction (LP)-based approach is adapted for designing a whitening prefilter. Furthermore, a new scheme, which is a combination of linear equalization (LE) and modified unwhitened DFSE (MUDFSE) is proposed. The proposed combined LE-MUDFSE (Comb. LE-MUDFSE) scheme is very attractive as error-floor behavior appearing in other unwhitened DFSE schemes is eliminated. The simulation results indicate that a substantial performance improvement over the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) equalizer can be achieved by using either Comb. LE-MUDFSE scheme or WDFSE scheme.
THE EFFECT OF IN VIVO OXIDATION ON CLINICAL VERSUS IN VITRO WEAR RATES IN RETRIEVED FIRST GENERATION ANNEALED HIGHLY CROSS-LINKED UHMWPE (2018)

IntroductionFirst-generation annealed HXLPE has been clinically successful at reducing both clinical wear rates and the incidence of osteolysis in total hip arthroplasty. However, studies have obse...
ScenarioSA: A Dyadic Conversational Database for Interactive Sentiment Analysis (2020)

Interactive sentiment analysis is an emerging, yet challenging, subtask of the natural language processing problem. It aims to discover the affective state and sentimental change of each person in a conversation, and has attracted an increasing attention from both academia and industry. Existing sentiment analysis approaches are insufficient in modelling the interactions among people. However, the development of new approaches are critically limited by the lack of labelled interactive sentiment datasets. In this paper, we present a new conversational database that we have created and made publicly available, namely ScenarioSA, for interactive sentiment analysis. We manually label 2,214 multi-turn English conversations collected from various websites that provide online communication services. In comparison with existing sentiment datasets, ScenarioSA (1) is no longer limited to one specific domain but covers a wide range of topics and scenarios; (2) describes the interactions between two speakers of each conversation; and (3) reflects the sentimental evolution of each speaker over the course of a conversation. Finally, we propose an extension of interactive attention networks that could model the interactions, and compare various strong sentiment analysis algorithms on ScenarioSA, demonstrating the need of novel interactive sentiment analysis models and the potential of ScenarioSA to facilitate the development of such models.
Research progress on the genes related to yak growth and development (2013)

The research on functional genes of yak has been one of the hot spots and difficult points.This paper expounds the research progress for the growth hormone(GH),growth hormone receptor(GHR),growth hormone releasing hormone(GHRH) and other functional genes related to yak growth and development,and the correlations with yak growth traits.It analyzes the problems existed in current research and application,and puts forward some suggestions and ideas for further study in the future,providing theoretical basis and reference for yak breeding to speed up the genetic improvement of yak.
Exposed Dentin: Influence of Cleaning Procedures and Simulated Pulpal Pressure on Bond Strength of a Universal Adhesive System (2017)

Air abrasion with powders containing either erythritol and chlorhexidine (AIR-FLOW PLUS) or glycine (AIR-FLOW PERIO) yielded dentin bond strengths similar to no pre-treatment, phosphoric acid etching, or polishing with pumice. Simulated pulpal pressure reduced the bond strength only when the self-etch adhesive system was used in total-etch mode.
The Safety of Medications for the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder During Pregnancy and the Puerperium (2006)

Risks associated with pharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder are heightened during reproductive events. Treatments need to be planned with the mutual agreement of both the treating physician and the patient and tailored to the needs of the individual so as to minimise risk while providing adequate treatment. Conventional treatments have all been associated with teratogeny in first trimester exposure, lithium with cardiac malformation and valproate and carbamazepine with neural tube malformations. There have been an insufficient number of first trimester exposures to the newer anticonvulsant mood stabilisers, lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine, to determine whether there is a safety advantage in switching to these agents. Increasingly, atypical antipsychotics are being suggested as useful agents for the treatment of bipolar disorder. While not known to be teratogenic, there are other reproductive safety concerns associated with these agents. Bipolar disorder patients may be prescribed antidepressants, and many of these agents are associated with a low safety risk during reproductive events, however data regarding use of these agents are currently equivocal. Adverse outcomes from inadequate pharmacological prophylaxis have been documented for both the mother and the baby. Risks and benefits need to be carefully balanced based on an accurate review of the evidence.
Phospholipid Functional Groups Involved in Protein Kinase C Activation, Phorbol Ester Binding, and Binding to Mixed Micelles (1989)

The specificity of the phospholipid cofactor requirement of rat brain protein kinase C was investigated using Triton X-100 mixed micellar methods. Sixteen analogues of phosphatidylserine were prepared and tested for their ability to support protein kinase C activity, [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding, and protein kinase C binding to mixed micelles. Phosphatidylserinol, -L-serine methyl ester, -N-acetyl-L-serine, -2-hydroxyacetate, -3-hydroxypropionate, and -4-hydroxybutyrate did not activate protein kinase C in mixed micelles containing 2 mol % of sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol. This indicates that both the carboxyl and amino moieties are important for activation. Phosphatidyl-D-serine and -L-homoserine were incapable of supporting full activation; this demonstrates stereospecificity and the importance of the distance between the phosphate and carboxyl and amino moieties. Since 1,2-rac-phosphatidyl-L-serine and 1,3-phosphatidyl-L-serine fully supported protein kinase C activity, the stereochemistry within the glycerol backbone at the interface was not necessary for maximal activation. Neither lysophosphatidyl-L-serine nor 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine supported protein kinase C activity implying that the interfacial conformation is critical to the activation process. The phospholipid dependencies of [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding and of protein kinase C binding to mixed micelles containing sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol did not mirror those for activation. The data demonstrate that protein kinase C possesses a high degree of specificity with respect to phospholipid activation and implicate several functional groups within the phospho-L-serine polar head group in binding and activation.
A Novel Static Dual Edge-Trigger Flip-flop for High-Frequency Low-Power Application (2007)

Abstract-In this paper, we propose a simple and novel Dual-edge-trigger flip-flop (DETFF). The design has a simple structure which consists of a XNOR pulse generator and a front end sampling circuit. All Simulations were performed at clock frequency of 800 MHz based on Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing 0.18-mum CMOS technology. Comparison with some of the latest DETFFs shows that the proposed design can achieve the lowest power consumption and Power-delay-product (PDP). In addition, the proposed design has the least number of transistor and is of the least overall silicon area required.
MAESTRO: Orchestrating Computational Offloading to Multiple FemtoClouds in Various Communication Environments (2022)

Many novel IoT-based applications demand low latency, large compute resources, and high privacy. These requirements have motivated the emergence of fog and edge computing to complement the low-privacy and high-latency cloud. The intention behind Fog computing is to place computational servers closer to the user, typically within the city’s vicinity, to reduce latency. However, because of the high deployment cost of these servers at scale, and unreliable network infrastructures in many countries or areas, edge computing was proposed. Edge computing advocates leveraging compute resources, typically 0-hops away, on distributed ensembles of colocated devices called FemtoClouds. In this paper, we propose MAESTRO, a system that enables users to offload computational jobs to multiple FemtoClouds in their immediate vicinity. For MAESTRO, we build an integrated architecture that includes two new scheduling algorithms for assigning computing workloads to FemtoClouds. Each of our scheduling algorithms is designed to allow the system to operate more efficiently given poor or strong network infrastructures. We implement a full prototype of our system to assess its performance on our experimental testbed. The results indicate that in communication-challenged environments, our specialized scheduler outperforms state-of-the-art schedulers by up to 55%, while in communication-friendly environments our other specialized scheduler outperforms state-of-the-art schedulers by up to 67%.
Accuracy of Ion Mobility Measurements Dependent on the Influence of Humidity (2014)

Measurements with sensor techniques in field analytical chemistry can be considerably affected by varying ambient conditions such as humidity. We systematically investigated the way in which ion mobility measurements are influenced by moisture. Both the peak positions of product ions within the spectrum and their relative abundance can vary depending on humidity. The transportation of humidity via the carrier gas into the ion mobility spectrometer causes changes in ionization pathways. Additional reactant ion species are formed and a lower relative abundance of product ions from halogenated compounds was generally observed. The peak position within the ion mobility spectrum is comparatively unaffected for the same ions. In contrast, considerable differences in drift times detected were found with increasing humidity of drift gas, while the influence on calibration was not as significant for chlorinated and brominated substances as observed for humid carrier gases.
Optical network design for video on demand services (2006)

In this paper a network design for video on demand (VoD) services on Ethernet-based WDM networks is presented. The decentralised architecture consists of independent regional ring networks with local video servers. Based on an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model, a network design tool, minimising the total installation cost on the core and the Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) access network, has been developed. Unicast as well as broadcast VoD services are taken into account. The influence of different parameters in our traffic and content models on the network design is studied.
Introduction to Sociology (2020)

Comprehensive and engaging, this textbook introduces students not only to foundational sociological work, but also to insights from contemporary sociological theory and research. This combined approach ensures that students become familiar with the core of sociology: key concepts, theories, perspectives, methods, and findings. Students will acquire the ability to think like a sociologist, investigate and understand complex social phenomena. This text presents a complete sociological toolkit, guiding students in the art of asking good sociological questions, devising a sophisticated theory and developing methodologies to observe social phenomena. The chapters of this book build cumulatively to equip students with the tools to quickly understand any new sociological topic or contemporary social problem. The textbook also applies the sociological toolkit to selected key sociological issues, showing how specific sociological topics can be easily investigated and understood using this approach. Taking a global and comparative perspective, the book covers a rich diversity of sociological topics and social problems, such as crime, immigration, race and ethnicity, media, education, family, organizations, gender, poverty, modernization and religion. The book presents a range of helpful pedagogical features throughout, such as: Chapter overview and learning goals summaries at the start of every chapter; Thinking like a sociologist boxes, encouraging students to reflect critically on learning points; Principle boxes, summarizing key sociological principles; Theory schema boxes, presenting sociological theories in a clear, understandable manner; Stylized facts highlighting key empirical findings and patterns; Key concepts and summary sections at the end of every chapter; and Companion website providing additional material for every chapter for both instructors and students, including PowerPoint lecture notes, discussion questions and answers, multiple-choice questions, further reading and a full glossary of terms. This clear and accessible text is essential reading for students taking introductory courses in sociology. It will also be useful for undergraduate and graduate courses in other social science disciplines, such as psychology, economics, human geography, demography, communication studies, education sciences, political science and criminology.
Nanoplasmonic couplers and splitters (2009)

In this paper, we present novel designs and analysis of ultra-compact couplers and 1 x 2 splitters based on plasmonic waveguides. Numerical simulation shows coupling efficiency up to 88% for the former one and 45% for each branch for the latter one. The proposed coupler design has the advantages of improving the alignment tolerance of the plasmonic waveguide with respect to the dielectric waveguide and broadening the spectrum response of the splitter.
Cutaneous acantholytic dyskeratotic acanthoma accompanying syringofibroadenomatous hyperplasia with proliferation of mature sebocytes: A case report (2020)

Acantholytic dyskeratotic acanthoma is a rare variant of epidermal acanthoma. It has a flat, plaque-like structure and is characterized microscopically by acantholysis and dyskeratosis. Eccrine syringofibroadenomatous hyperplasia is benign and likely reactive. It has recently been considered as a hyperplastic process affecting the eccrine ducts rather than the neoplasm because of its pathological heterogeneity and wide clinical associations. In this article, we present the case of 97-year-old Japanese women with a 10-mm wide, painful acantholytic dyskeratotic acanthoma accompanied by syringofibroadenomatous hyperplasia in the right femoral region. Although syringofibroadenomatous hyperplasia is known to occur as a reactive process with various dermatoses and cutaneous tumors, to date, there have been no reports of cases of acantholytic dyskeratotic acanthoma accompanying syringofibroadenomatous hyperplasia. Moreover, this case also includes the unusual finding of an increase in the mature sebocytes in the area of the syringofibroadenomatous hyperplasia.
New 2×2 and 1×3 multimode interference couplers with free selection of power splitting ratios (1996)

We report on the concept and realization of new 2/spl times/2 and 1/spl times/3 multimode interference (MMI) couplers that offer the possibility of a free choice of the power splitting ratio. These MMI devices, using a new butterfly geometrical design, are compact, polarization-insensitive, and tolerant to fabrication parameters. Realized in InGaAsP/InP with large fabrication tolerances, they permit the control of the output powers within a few percentage points for both polarizations. The measurement results fit well the theoretical predictions. Extensions of the design are presented that assure a fully symmetrical geometry and therefore an optimal homogeneity of the device characteristics. Based on the same idea, a new compact mode converter-combiner is proposed.
Classification of clinical spirometry data using global lung initiative (GLI) and national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES-III) models (2013)

RATIONALE: Pulmonary Function Testing is central to distinguishing normal from abnormal patients in Cardiac, Pulmonary, and other branches of Medicine. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-III (NHANES-III) equations provide predicted normal values (Pred) and lower limits of normal (LLN) from 8 to 80 years of age. The recent Global Lung Initiative (GLI-12) equations provide values from 3 to 95 years of age. We compare clinical data classification using the NHANESIII and GLI prediction equations. METHODS: We used clinical data from Intermountain Medical Center and LDS Hospital patients (Salt Lake City, Utah) from 2001-2012. We analyzed data from 10-80 year old Caucasian patients. We used the NHANESIII and the GLI-12 prediction equations to calculate the Pred and LLN for FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC. We compared categorizations using both approaches. RESULTS: We studied 17,107 spirograms from Caucasian patients (8,143 males, mean age 54.5, SD 16.1 and 8,964 females, mean 54.4, SD 15.5). Pred and LLN values were similar for both NHANES-III and GLI-12, but differences existed. These differences appear gender and height dependent. We observed small differences in normal/abnormal patient categorizations for FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC when comparing NHANES-III and GLI-12 equations. CONCLUSION: We observed small differences between NHANES-III and GLI-12 categorization for both men and women. Differences are greatest for FVC. The GLI-12 equations categorize more PFT laboratory patients as normal than those for NHANESIII.