gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Efficacy of Fosmidomycin against Plasmodium and Mycobacterium Species by Combination with the Cell-Penetrating Peptide Octaarginine (2013)

Cellular drug delivery can improve efficacy and render intracellular pathogens susceptible to compounds that cannot permeate cells. The transport of physiologically active compounds across membranes into target cells can be facilitated by cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), such as oligoarginines. Here, we investigated whether intracellular delivery of the drug fosmidomycin can be improved by combination with the CPP octaarginine. Fosmidomycin is an antibiotic that inhibits the second reaction in the nonmevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis, an essential pathway for many obligate intracellular pathogens, including mycobacteria and apicomplexan parasites. We observed a strict correlation between octaarginine host cell permeability and its ability to improve the efficacy of fosmidomycin. Plasmodium berghei liver-stage parasites were only partially susceptible to an octaarginine-fosmidomycin complex. Similarly, Toxoplasma gondii was only susceptible during the brief extracellular stages. In marked contrast, a salt complex of octaarginine and fosmidomycin greatly enhanced efficacy against blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum. This complex and a covalently linked conjugate of octaarginine and fosmidomycin also reverted resistance of Mycobacteria to fosmidomycin. These findings provide chemical genetic evidence for vital roles of the nonmevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis in a number of medically relevant pathogens. Our results warrant further investigation of octaarginine as a delivery vehicle and alternative fosmidomycin formulations for malaria and tuberculosis drug development.
Playable Experiences at the 16th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (2020)

This paper describes the accepted entries to the eighth Playable Experiences track to be held at the 16th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE’20). The Playable Experiences track showcases innovative complete works that are informed, inspired, or otherwise enabled by artificial intelligence.
THE PREPARATION OF SOME THIOSEMICARBAZONES AND THEIR COPPER COMPLEXES: PART III (1962)

Reactions of some diketones with thiosemicarbazide have been studied under various conditions. Monothiosemicarbazones, dithiosemicarbazones, and cyclization products can be obtained. It was found that dithiosemicarbazones form 1:1 complexes with Cu(II) but failed to react with Cu(I). Dithiosemicarbazones in which the N 2 -hydrogen atom has been replaced by Me do not form complexes, confirming our views about the importance of this hydrogen atom in the thione ↔ thiol tautomerism necessary for complex formation. 4,4-Dimethyldithiosemicarbazones behave like the unsubstituted parent compounds in forming 1:1 complexes with Cu(II). Infrared spectra provide evidence for the structure of a cyclization product, 5,6-diphenyl-3-thio-1,2,4-triazine, which had been erroneously described by various authors as the thiol tautomer, 5,6-diphenyl-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazine.
Current and Future Reality Trees (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Current Reality Tree Future Reality Tree (FRT) Comparison with Current Six Sigma Tools Conclusion and Recommendations References
SAW-thin-film acoustoelectric in-situ observation and measurement (2011)

The thin-film acoustoelectric effect in surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices describes the interaction of electrical energy between a SAW in a piezoelectric medium and a thin-film placed in the wave's propagation path. The real-time observation of the thin-film acoustoelectric interaction is useful in the design and characterization of SAW-based thin-film chemical and physical sensors (i.e. temperature, humidity, viscosity, voltage, current, hall effects, etc.). An in-situ test fixture was designed to be mechanically, thermally and electrically stable. Data has been taken for many SAW devices and over a wide range of frequencies. The results show that the use of the in-situ procedure yielded: good agreement between theoretical predictions and the measured data, characterization a SAW-H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas sensor in real-time and various methods to calibrate the film deposition system and procedure. This paper presents the approach taken in configuring an electron beam evaporation system for ultra-thin-film characterization and the design of test fixtures, data acquisition configuration, and experimental procedures to extract and analyze SAW parameters in real time, and to extract the thin-film properties under test.
SO2 Uptake on Oleic Acid: A New Formation Pathway of Organosulfur Compounds in the Atmosphere (2016)

Organosulfates are tracers for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. We propose a new mechanism of organosulfur product formation in the atmosphere, in which sulfur dioxide (SO2) reacts directly with alkenes. The experiments were conducted at the gas–liquid interface with a coated-wall flow tube reactor. It was shown, for the first time, that SO2 reacts efficiently with the unsaturated bond in oleic acid under atmospheric conditions (without ozone), leading to the formation of C9 and C18 organosulfur products. The associated uptake coefficients were in excess of 10–6, decreasing with initial SO2 concentration and increasing with humidity. These results might explain a fraction of organosulfur products detected in atmospheric particles. This work tends to elucidate the role of organosulfates’ interfacial chemistry as a potentially unrecognized pathway for their contribution to SOA formation; however, it remains to be determined how significant this pathway is to the overall organosulfate abundances measured in ambient aerosol.
[Bone replacement using demineralized allogeneic bone in animal experiments]. (1990)

The implantation of bone matrix in muscle bag or trepanation defects of rats with greatest reproducibility will induce osteogenesis and defect healing. The phenomenon of osteo-induction was possible to obtain only in first steps in higher developed mammals. Investigations in nude rats have shown a clear difference in biologic reaction on the matrix of various species. The osteo-regeneration in replacement weak defect of ulnar bone in dogs showed a massive greater reactivity of autogenous spongiosa, whereas bank spongiosa and bone matrix produced not more new bone as the control. An increase of osteoinductive matrix potency is a supposition for practical use in case of severe bone defects.
Exploiting Heterogeneous Robotic Systems in Cooperative Missions (2015)

In this paper we consider the problem of coordinating robotic systems with different kinematics, sensing and vision capabilities to achieve certain mission goals. An approach that makes use of a heterogeneous team of agents has several advantages when cost, integration of capabilities, or large search areas need to be considered. A heterogeneous team allows for the robots to become "specialized", accomplish sub-goals more effectively, and thus increase the overall mission efficiency. Two main scenarios are considered in this work. In the first case study we exploit mobility to implement a power control algorithm that increases the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) among certain members of the network. We create realistic sensing fields and manipulation by using the geometric properties of the sensor field-of-view and the manipulability metric, respectively. The control strategy for each agent of the heterogeneous system is governed by an artificial physics law that considers the different kinematics of the agents and the environment, in a decentralized fashion. Through simulation results we show that the network is able to stay connected at all times and covers the environment well. The second scenario studied in this paper is the biologically-inspired coordination of heterogeneous physical robotic systems. A team of ground rovers, designed to emulate desert seed-harvester ants, explore an experimental area using behaviors fine-tuned in simulation by a genetic algorithm. Our robots coordinate with a base station and collect clusters of resources scattered within the experimental space. We demonstrate experimentally that through coordination with an aerial vehicle, our ant-like ground robots are able to collect resources two times faster than without the use of heterogeneous coordination.
Room-Temperature Cu-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Bromides Enabled by DFT-Guided Ligand Design (2023)

Ullmann-type C-N coupling reactions represent an important alternative to well-established Pd-catalyzed approaches due to the differing reactivity and the lower cost of Cu. While the design of anionic Cu ligands, particularly those by Ma, has enabled the coupling of various classes of aryl halides and alkyl amines, most methods require conditions that can limit their utility on complex substrates. Herein, we disclose the development of anionic <i>N</i><sup>1</sup>,<i>N</i><sup>2</sup>-diarylbenzene-1,2-diamine ligands that promote the Cu-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides under mild conditions. Guided by DFT calculations, these ligands were designed to (1) increase the electron density on Cu, thereby increasing the rate of oxidative addition of aryl bromides, and (2) stabilize the active anionic Cu<sup>I</sup> complex <i>via</i> a π-interaction. Under optimized conditions, structurally diverse aryl and heteroaryl bromides and a broad range of alkyl amine nucleophiles, including pharmaceuticals bearing multiple functional groups, were efficiently coupled at room temperature. Combined computational and experimental studies support a mechanism of C-N bond formation that follows a catalytic cycle akin to the well-explored Pd-catalyzed variants. Modification of the ligand structure to include a naphthyl residue resulted in a lower energy barrier to oxidative addition, providing a 30-fold rate increase relative to what is seen with other ligands. Collectively, these results establish a new class of anionic ligands for Cu-catalyzed C-N couplings, which we anticipate may be extended to other Cu-catalyzed C-heteroatom and C-C bond-forming reactions.
Bone Sialoprotein (1999)

The search for a protein nucleator of hydroxyapatite crystal formation has been a focus for the isolation and characterization of the major non-collagenous proteins in bone. Of the proteins characterized to date, bone sialoprotein (BSP) has emerged as the only bona fide candidate for nucleation. BSP is a highly glycosylated and sulphated phosphoprotein that is found almost exclusively in mineralized connective tissues. Characteristically, polyglutamic acid and arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motifs with the ability to bind hydroxyapatite and cell-surface integrins, respectively, have been conserved in the protein sequence. Expression of the BSP gene, which is induced in newly formed osteoblasts, is up-regulated by hormones and cytokines that promote bone formation and down-regulated by factors that suppress bone formation. Thus, BSP has the biophysical and chemical properties of a nucleator, and its temporo-spatial expression coincides with de novo mineralization in bone and cementum. Moreover, BSP has been associated with mineral crystal formation in several pathologies, including breast carcinomas. However, the ability of BSP to mediate cell attachment and to signal through the RGD motif points to alternate functions for BSP which need further investigation. In combination, the hydroxyapatite-binding polyglutamic acid sequences and the RGD provide bi-functional entities through which BSP may mediate the targeting and attachment of normal and metastasizing cells to the bone surface.
Neuropeptide Y in Tiger Puffer (Takifugu rubripes): Distribution, Cloning, Characterization, and mRNA Expression Responses to Prandial Condition (2011)

Neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) is a potent orexigenic neuropeptide implicated in feeding regulation in rodents. However, the involvement of NPY in feeding behavior has not well been studied in fish. Therefore, we investigated the role of NPY in food intake using a tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes) model. We observed the distribution of NPY-like immunoreactivity in the brain. Neuronal cell bodies containing NPY were located in the telencephalon, hypothalamus, mesencephalon, and medulla oblongata, and their nerve fibers were also found throughout the brain. We cloned two cDNAs, encoding NPYa and NPYb orthologs, respectively, from the brain, and also confirmed two genes encoding these NPYs in the Takifugu genome database. We examined the distribution of these transcripts in the brain using real-time PCR. Levels of NPYa mRNA in the telencephalon, mesencephalon and hypothalamus were much higher than in the medulla oblongata and cerebellum, whereas levels of NPYb mRNA in the medulla oblongata were higher than in other regions. We also examined prandial effects on the expression level of these transcripts in the telencephalon and hypothalamus. NPYa mRNA levels in the hypothalamus, but not in the telencephalon, obtained from fish fasted for one week were higher than those in fish that had been fed normally. The level was decreased at 2 h after feeding. Levels of NPYb mRNA were not affected by prandial conditions. These results suggest that NPY is present throughout the brain, and that NPYa, but not NPYb, in the hypothalamus is involved in the feeding regulation in the tiger puffer.
A MODIFIED LEAST-MEAN-SQUARE-ERROR ALGORITHM FOR LOCATION OF OUTAGES IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS (1998)

ABSTRACT This paper presents an algorithm based on the Least-Mean-Square Error criterion modified appropriately for location of outages in distribution systems. Under this scheme, analysis of information obtained remotely can be carried out at the control center before dispatching repair crews to the field. Time-of-outage measurements obtained at different customer-ends are used as input. These measurements are considered to be imperfect due to measurement errors and noise in the communication medium. The most attractive feature of this method is its ability to identify the faulted location and its type without assuming a specific mathematical distribution for modeling the noise. The validity of this claim was tested for different noise characteristics at different noise levels. Limiting noise levels that ensure correct fault classification and location under each noise scenario studied are also presented as a guide for selecting suitable timing devices for implementation of this scheme in practice.
Cardiovascular Benefits of Empagliflozin Are Associated With Gut Microbiota and Plasma Metabolites inType 2 Diabetes (2022)

Context: Cardiovascular benefits of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been reported; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Objective: We hypothesized that the cardiovascular benefits of empagliflozin are associated with altered gut microbiota and plasma metabolites, and that empagliflozin may be used as an initial treatment for patients with T2DM at risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods: This randomized, open-label, 3-month, 2-arm clinical trial included 76 treatment-naïve patients with T2DM and risk factors for CVD who were treated with either empagliflozin (10 mg/d, n = 40) or metformin (1700 mg/d, n = 36). We investigated changes in clinical parameters related to glucose metabolism and CVD risk factors, gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and plasma metabolites using LC-MS. Results: We found significant and similar reduction in HbA1c levels and alleviation of glucose metabolism in both groups. However, only empagliflozin improved CVD risk factors. Empagliflozin significantly reshaped the gut microbiota after 1 month of treatment; this alteration was maintained until the end of the trial. Empagliflozin increased the levels of plasma metabolites such as sphingomyelin, but reduced glycochenodeoxycholate, cis-aconitate, and uric acid levels. Concurrently, empagliflozin elevated levels of short-chain fatty acid-producing bac- teria such as species from Roseburia, Eubacterium, and Faecalibacterium, and reduced those of several harmful bacteria including Escherichia- Shigella, Bilophila, and Hungatella. Conclusion: Empagliflozin may be a superior initial therapy for patients with T2DM at risk of CVDs; its cardiovascular benefits may be associated with shifts in gut microbiota and plasma metabolites.
226; CONTRIBUTION OF CENTRAL, and PERIPHERAL ADRENERGIC STIMULATION TO IL-1?? MEDIATED GLUCOREGULATION (1994)

Petit, F; Jarrous, A; Dickinson, R D; Molina, P E; Abumrad, N N; Lang, C H Author Information
Supplementary figure S3 from EphA2 Expression Is a Key Driver of Migration and Invasion and a Poor Prognostic Marker in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Role of EFNA1 in invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Physical Characteristics of Sulfur and Peroxide Cured EPDM Rubbers under Different Blowing Agent Concentrations (2018)

EPDM rubbers loaded with different concentration of azodicarbonamide as a foaming agent using two different cross-linking systems were subjected to the mechanical, compression and swelling tests at room temperature (300°K). Samples vulcanized by peroxide reveal more advantage over that vulcanized by sulfur especially for the amount of specific gravity and the compression test. The tensile test shows a noticeable increase in the true stress and strain at break for the sulfur cross-linking system than the peroxide one. For the swelling test, the empirical equation used by Kumnuantip and Sombatsompop shows the best fitting for the degree of swelling – time data.
Periodic Intensity Fluctuations in Functionalized Semiconductor Quantum Dots: Correlation with Ligand Coverage (2007)

Fluorescence microscopy has been used in conjunction with atomic force microscopy to study size-correlated emission properties of single oligo-phenylene vinylene-functionalized CdSe nanocrystals. Intensity trajectories of these composite nanostructures exhibit well-defined temporal recurrence times, which we analyze using FFT techniques. Size correlation microscopy reveals a roughly linear dependence of recurrence period on nanostructure diameter, which we interpret in terms of varying degrees of surface functionalization. Characterization and control of such fluorescence fluctuations is critical to incorporation of such composite systems into photonic devices.
WTM: A Traffic Monitoring Framework for Web Service Transactions (2003)

in this paper an integrated approach that enables the management of Web service transactions. Compared to the existing Web management solutions, it targets to efficiently manage multi-tier Web transactions. It has one unique feature: While the monitoring of Web traffic is done at multiple levels: network, transport, application, and transaction layers, traffic associated with a multi-tier transaction can be correlated non- intrusively such that breakdown analysis can be realized from either service consumer or provider's perspective. A combination of sampling-based packet monitoring and packet probing is used to collect measurement data. A causal sampling protocol is designed to synchronize and correlate the capturing of the traffic associated with multi-tier Web transactions.
Taxonomical composition and functional analysis of biofilms sampled from a nuclear storage pool (2023)

Sampling small amounts of biofilm from harsh environments such as the biofilm present on the walls of a radioactive material storage pool offers few analytical options if taxonomic characterization and estimation of the different biomass contributions are the objectives. Although 16S/18S rRNA amplification on extracted DNA and sequencing is the most widely applied method, its reliability in terms of quantitation has been questioned as yields can be species-dependent. Here, we propose a tandem-mass spectrometry proteotyping approach consisting of acquiring peptide data and interpreting then against a generalist database without any <i>a priori</i>. The peptide sequence information is transformed into useful taxonomical information that allows to obtain the different biomass contributions at different taxonomical ranks. This new methodology is applied for the first time to analyze the composition of biofilms from minute quantities of material collected from a pool used to store radioactive sources in a nuclear facility. For these biofilms, we report the identification of three genera, namely <i>Sphingomonas</i>, <i>Caulobacter</i>, and <i>Acidovorax</i>, and their functional characterization by metaproteomics which shows that these organisms are metabolic active. Differential expression of Gene Ontology GOslim terms between the two main microorganisms highlights their metabolic specialization.
Dry Low NOx Emissions Operability Enhancement of a Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine by Means of Fuel Burner Design Development and Testing (2018)

This paper describes the development phases of an annular type combustor for heavy-duty gas turbine applications. High cycle efficiency and low emissions are required over a wide range of load conditions, with the consequence of reducing margin to thermo-acoustic instability onset and lean blow-out. In addition, in lean premixed combustors, the increased fuel air mixing times required to keep emissions low, may lead to undesired ignition or flashback into the fuel burner ducts. All these aspects are matter of this work and focus is on fuel burner design modifications which allowed dry emissions reduction while maintaining a sufficiently wide safe operation window. A synergic effort has been put in place, involving experimental campaigns and CFD simulations, with the purpose of assessing design changes initially and doing screening. In the meanwhile, numerical practices have taken benefits form the experience growth. Results of past work on similar components has been leveraged too. Test campaign involved different scale facilities, from single burner through full annular combustor up to full scale prototype engine. The progressive reduction of viable option for combustor components design changes, due to high impact of such modifications during the gas turbine late development phases, forced designers to concentrate efforts onto fuel burner optimization, looking for efficient ways to implement modifications and assess their effectiveness of combustion system performances. Emissions trends, blow-out and flashback margin for several burner designs are reported. Numerical analysis results are also shown, which revealed to be well aligned with the experimental outcomes, allowing burner optimized solution to be identified. Finally, characterization with respect to fuel gas composition is shown as well as sensitivity to different operating conditions.
Improved guarantees and a multiple-descent curve for Column Subset Selection and the Nyström method (2020)

The Column Subset Selection Problem (CSSP) and the Nyström method are among the leading tools for constructing small low-rank approximations of large datasets in machine learning and scientific computing. A fundamental question in this area is: how well can a data subset of size k compete with the best rank k approximation? We develop techniques which exploit spectral properties of the data matrix to obtain improved approximation guarantees which go beyond the standard worst-case analysis. Our approach leads to significantly better bounds for datasets with known rates of singular value decay, e.g., polynomial or exponential decay. Our analysis also reveals an intriguing phenomenon: the approximation factor as a function of k may exhibit multiple peaks and valleys, which we call a multiple-descent curve. A lower bound we establish shows that this behavior is not an artifact of our analysis, but rather it is an inherent property of the CSSP and Nyström tasks. Finally, using the example of a radial basis function (RBF) kernel, we show that both our improved bounds and the multiple-descent curve can be observed on real datasets simply by varying the RBF parameter.