gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porous alumina-based cathode for organic light-emitting devices (2001)

We propose a new cathode for organic light-emitting devices based on anodic porous alumina films. For this purpose usual and modified porous alumina and structured aluminum with removed porous alumina layer can be used. The usage of porous alumina cathode results in more inhomogeneous electric field and, as a consequence, more intensive auto electron emission and cathode efficiency. Owing to extended surface this matrix also gives the possibility to reach higher luminophor concentration without noticeable luminescence quenching. Organic electroluminescent devices of this type are easily produced and can be more efficient and stable as compared with usual layered structures. An intensive secondary electron emission is observed after irradiating of activated alumina matrix by an electron beam. We developed one of the proposed porous alumina cathode based organic electroluminescence structure doped with amorphous naphthalimide derivative. A bright electroluminescence of naphthalimide in such a structure was observed for the first time. The ways of the further development of this structure are pointed out.
Electro-mechanical design for injection in the university of maryland electron ring (2004)

Closure of the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) is anticipated in May 2003. An initial prototype of the injection "Y" has been completed. Electro-mechanical aspects of the design and test results of this prototype are presented. The design incorporates an offset quadrupole and a pulsed dipole to achieve the 10-degree bend required from the injection line. To accommodate penetration of the pulsed dipole magnetic field a glass gap has been inserted at the point of injection. A fixture was used to align the sections of the assembly and serves as a permanent mount plate. A similar method will be used for extraction of the beam after the electron ring has been closed.
Supplementary Figures S1-S5 and Tables S1-S3 from Snail1-Expressing Fibroblasts in the Tumor Microenvironment Display Mechanical Properties That Support Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. TGF beta remodels the ECM generated by mesenchymal stem and 1BR3G cells in a Snail1-dependent manner. Supplementary Figure S2. Cell Commitment is Modulated by Fibroblast-derived Matrices in a Snail1-dependent Manner. Supplementary Figure S3. TGF beta controls focal contacts in a Snail1-dependent manner. Supplementary Figure S4. TGF beta regulates N-cadherin intercellular contacts in a Snail1-dependent manner. Supplementary Figure S5. Alignment of MEFs bo-cultured with CAFs. Supplementary Table S1. Baseline Characteristics According to Snail1 Expression in the Stroma Supplementary Table S2. Overall Survival Analysis in Patients with Snail1 Expression in Stroma Supplementary Table S3. Antibodies Used for Protein Analysis&lt;/p&gt;
Adventitial NADPH oxidase‐4 in vascular oxidative stress (693.12) (2014)

BACKGROUND: Many types of hypertension are associated with increased level of angiotensin II and vascular oxidative stress. Previously, we have shown that NOX2, an adventitial NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoform, generates reactive oxygen species in cardiac vascular system. Although NOX4, as another major isoform of NOX, has been reported to generate reactive oxygen species and play a detrimental role, current publications allude to the possibility that NOX4 may play a beneficial role in the blood vessels. The current project examined this aspect by investigating the expression of adventitial NOX4 and reactive oxygen species. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to test our hypothesis that the expression of adventitial NOX4 would not increase vascular ROS in Angiotensin II‐induced hypertension. METHOD: Four C57BL and NOX2 knockout mice, sixteen to eighteen weeks of age, were separated into two groups, a normotensive and Angiotensin II infused group. Angiotensin II infused animals developed hypertension. Thoracic aortas were sterilely removed, embedded in paraffin and then fixed on glass slides as 5µm thick sections. Expression of 3’‐nitrotyrosine, a reactive oxygen species indicator, NOX2, and NOX4 were determined by immunoflorescence method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Similar to NOX2, NOX4 is expressed in both endothelium and adventitia of the aorta. The level of NOX4 in the Angiotensin II‐infused hypertensive is greatly increased about seven times in comparison to normotensive group. 3’‐Nitrotyrosin levels are increased in Angiotensin II infused mouse aorta segments. However, Angiotensin II induced hypertension and NT is not increased in NOX2 knockout mouse while there is significant amount of NOX4 is still expressed. In conclusion, our data indicate that NOX2 but not NOX4 contributes to vascular production of reactive oxygen species and hypertension. Grant Funding Source : Brock University
Effect of laparoscopic splenectomy on portal haemodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension (2014)

In patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension, splenectomy reduced portal venous pressure. A decrease in splanchnic blood flow, by eliminating splenic blood flow, and reduction in intrahepatic vascular resistance, by normalizing hepatic concentrations of ET-1 and NOx, may both have contributed.
Popping and Puffing of Cereal Grains: A Review (2014)

Popping is a simultaneous starch gelatinization and expansion process, during which grains are exposed to high te mperatures for short time. During this process, super heated vapour prod uced inside the grains by instantaneous heating, cooks the grain and expan ds the endosperm suddenly, breaking out the outer skin. Puffing is a similar process; differ from popping as a process in which controlled expan sion of kernel is carried out, while the vapour pressure escapes thro ugh the micropores of the grain structure due to high pressure or thermal gradient. Popping and puffing imparts acceptable taste and desirable arom a to the snacks. There are different methods of popping/puffing used viz., conventional method of dry heat, sand and salt treated, hot air popping, g un puffing, popping in hot oil and by microwave heating. Though a wide range of cereals and millets such as rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, ragi, foxtail m illet are used for popping/puffing; only few of them pop well. The reason behind this may be the factors which influence popping qualities of ce reals, such as season, varietal difference, grain characteristics such as moisture content, composition of grain, physical characteristics, typ es of endosperm, and also the method of popping. Therefore, this paper aimed at providing brief review of popping characteristics of different cere al grains and popping methods in response to high popping yield and great er volume expansion ratio.
SParticle, an algorithm for the analysis of filamentous microorganisms in submerged cultures (2017)

Streptomycetes are filamentous bacteria that produce a plethora of bioactive natural products and industrial enzymes. Their mycelial lifestyle typically results in high heterogeneity in bioreactors, with morphologies ranging from fragments and open mycelial mats to dense pellets. There is a strong correlation between morphology and production in submerged cultures, with small and open mycelia favouring enzyme production, while most antibiotics are produced mainly in pellets. Here we describe SParticle, a Streptomyces Particle analysis method that combines whole slide imaging with automated image analysis to characterize the morphology of submerged grown Streptomyces cultures. SParticle allows the analysis of over a thousand particles per hour, offering a high throughput method for the imaging and statistical analysis of mycelial morphologies. The software is available as a plugin for the open source software ImageJ and allows users to create custom filters for other microbes. Therefore, SParticle is a widely applicable tool for the analysis of filamentous microorganisms in submerged cultures.
Dielectric behavior and average vs. local structure of K0.5Na0.5NbO3-Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3 system (2015)

The dielectric properties of dense ceramics of solid solution (1-x)K0.5Na0.5NbO3- xBi1/2Na1/2TiO3 [abbr. (1-x)KNN-xBNT] were characterized in the temperature range 100 to 800K. The Curie temperature (TC) or the temperature of dielectric maxima (Tm) of the ceramics decreases at a rate of -15.7 K/at.% (BNT) for x =0.90, although the molecular volume continuously decreases with increasing x. A relaxor state occurs below the temperature of the ferroelectric diffuse phase transition (DPT), displaying a re-entering phenomenon. The gradual transition from a ferroelectric DPT to a relaxor-type response results from disruption of the long-range ferroelectric order, believed to be caused by a nanoclustering phenomenon. The average lattice, determined by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) showed pseudocubic symmetry in the range 0.10<=x<=0.90. The local structure maintains distortions away from the cubic average structure, confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, neutron diffraction (ND) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Superlattice reflections detected by the SAED and ND may arise from octahedral tilting rather than chemical 1:1 A-/B-site ordering within nanoclusters. Existence of nanodomains was revealed by dark-field transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Multiscale modelling of blood flow in cerebral microcirculation: Details at capillary scale control accuracy at the level of the cortex (2018)

Aging or cerebral diseases may induce architectural modifications in human brain microvascular networks, such as capillary rarefaction. Such modifications limit blood and oxygen supply to the cortex, possibly resulting in energy failure and neuronal death. Modelling is key in understanding how these architectural modifications affect blood flow and mass transfers in such complex networks. However, the huge number of vessels in the human brain-tens of billions-prevents any modelling approach with an explicit architectural representation down to the scale of the capillaries. Here, we introduce a hybrid approach to model blood flow at larger scale in the brain microcirculation, based on its multiscale architecture. The capillary bed, which is a space-filling network, is treated as a porous medium and modelled using a homogenized continuum approach. The larger arteriolar and venular trees, which cannot be homogenized because of their fractal-like nature, are treated as a network of interconnected tubes with a detailed representation of their spatial organization. The main contribution of this work is to devise a proper coupling model at the interface between these two components. This model is based on analytical approximations of the pressure field that capture the strong pressure gradients building up in the capillaries connected to arterioles or venules. We evaluate the accuracy of this model for both very simple architectures with one arteriole and/or one venule and for more complex ones, with anatomically realistic tree-like vessels displaying a large number of coupling sites. We show that the hybrid model is very accurate in describing blood flow at large scales and further yields a significant computational gain by comparison with a classical network approach. It is therefore an important step towards large scale simulations of cerebral blood flow and lays the groundwork for introducing additional levels of complexity in the future.
Auth4App: Protocols for Identification and Authentication using Mobile Applications (2020)

The increasing adoption of mobile applications as a means of user authentication is revealing new security challenges and opportunities. In order to modernize their physical identification and authorization procedures (e.g., access turnstile), some institutions have adopted static QR Codes generated using simple and static user data, such as some type of individual citizen national identification number. This procedure is easy to implement and verify, but it represents a critical security vulnerability. To address this issue, we propose Auth4App, a set of protocols for identification and authentication using mobile applications. Auth4App has two main protocols, one for binding user credentials to the mobile device (i.e., identification) and another one for generating one-time authentication codes (OTACs). Both protocols were formally verified using Scyther, an automated verification tool. Based on the automated analysis, our results show Auth4App protocols are robust enough and meet safe relevant criteria. Our prototype simulates access control using electronic turnstiles and was developed to present how our solution works and its deployment feasibility. The results show Auth4App enables accurate user authentication with a low computational cost.
Time-Dependent Effects of Elevated Intraocular Pressure on Optic Nerve Head Axonal Transport and Cytoskeleton Proteins (2008)

Time-dependent changes in axonal transport and cytoskeletal structure in the optic nerve head provide further pathogenic evidence of axonal damage caused by elevated IOP.
MoSi2-BASED MATERIALS FOR GLASS INDUSTRY SENSOR SHEATH APPLICATIONS (2000)

Protective sensor sheaths are required by the glass industry for sensors that are used to measure the properties of molten glass while it is being processed in glass fbr.naces.Molten glass is an extremely corrosive elevated temperature environment, in which only a few types of materials can survive.MoSi2 has been shown to possess excellent corrosion resistance in molten glass, and is thus a candidate material for advanced sensor sheath applications.Plasma sprayforming techniques have been developed to fabricate MoSi2-A1203laminate and fictionally graded composite tubes with mechanical properties suitable for sensor sheaths.
Reliability Modeling of Power Electronic Converters: A General Approach (2019)

Reliability modeling of power electronic converters is of paramount importance for optimal design, control and operation of power electronic based power systems. Suitable topology selection, converter components sizing, and proper control strategy adoption in a single unit converter together with operation of a multi-converter systems require to predict the converter reliability within its useful life and wear-out phases. This paper proposes a reliability prediction approach for converters modeling the hardware random failures within the useful life and the wear-out period. The methodology is exemplified for a single-phase PV inverter and its reliability is predicted during useful lifetime and the wear-out phase under two operating conditions.
Figure S5 from KRAS G12C NSCLC Models Are Sensitive to Direct Targeting of KRAS in Combination with PI3K Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 5&lt;/p&gt;
Repair of injured proximal tubule does not involve specialized progenitors (2011)

Recently we have established that the kidney tubular epithelium is repaired by surviving epithelial cells. It is not known, however, whether a population of intratubular adult progenitor cells are responsible for this epithelial repair after acute kidney injury. In this study, we used an unbiased DNA analog-based approach that does not rely on candidate markers to track multiple rounds of cell division in vivo. In the proximal tubule, robust thymidine analog incorporation was observed postinjury. Cell division was stochastic and enriched among cells that were injured and dedifferentiated. There was no evidence for the presence of a population of specialized progenitors that repeatedly divide in response to injury. Instead, these results indicate that after injury, new epithelial cells arise from self-duplication of surviving cells, most of which are injured. Because the renal papilla contains DNA label-retaining cells and has been proposed as a stem cell niche, we examined the proliferative behavior of these putative progenitors after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Although label-retaining cells in the renal papilla diminished with time after ischemia-reperfusion injury, they neither proliferated nor migrated to the outer medulla or cortex. Thus, nonlethally injured cells repopulate the kidney epithelium after injury in the absence of any specialized progenitor cell population.
Effect of acute nutritional deprivation on diaphragm structure and function (1990)

The influence of 90 h of acute nutritional deprivation (ND) on the cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers and the contractile and fatigue properties of the adult rat diaphragm were determined. Isometric contractile properties and fatigue resistance of the diaphragm were measured by means of an in vitro nerve-muscle strip preparation. Contractions were evoked by using phrenic nerve stimulation (left hemidiaphragm) or direct muscle stimulation (right hemidiaphragm) in the presence of curare. Acute ND resulted in a 20% reduction in body weight. No significant decrements in diaphragm or soleus weights were noted in the ND animals compared with controls (CTL), whereas the weight of the medial gastrocnemius was reduced by 20% in the ND animals. Peak twitch and tetanic tensions (normalized for the weight of the diaphragm strip) were not reduced in ND compared with CTL animals after either nerve or muscle stimulation. The fatigue index of the diaphragm was significantly reduced in ND animals only after nerve stimulation. After the fatigue test, there was rapid recovery of the additional fatigue noted with nerve stimulation. The proportions of type I and II muscle fibers of the diaphragm were similar in the CTL and ND animals. No differences in diaphragm cross-sectional areas were noted for either type I or II muscle fibers in the CTL and ND animals. It is concluded that acute ND has no effect on diaphragm contractility or morphometry and only an inconsequential influence on diaphragm fatigue.
The unexpected structures of “core–shell” and “alloy” LnF3 nanoparticles as examined by variable energy X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (2011)

Lanthanide fluoride nanoparticles were synthesized in aqueous media using procedures intended for a core-shell structure of Ln((1))F(3)-Ln((2))F(3), its reverse architecture, and an alloy structure. Their structures were examined by variable photon energy photo-electron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation, along with X-ray powder diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and luminescence spectroscopy. The results show that the nanoparticles intended for a core-shell structure do not have a core-shell structure, and that nanoparticles intended for an alloy structure do not always have an alloy structure. A possible explanation for this is cation exchange, a phenomenon that occurs when LnF(3) nanoparticles are exposed to another Ln(3+) ion in aqueous media, resulting in Ln(3+) ions in nanoparticles being quickly replaced by Ln(3+) ions in solution. This cation exchange effectively competes with the precipitation of LnF(3), which leads to a concentration gradient in the case of the combination of LaF(3) and GdF(3), and to nearly an alloy structure (isotropic mixture of all the ions) in the case of the combination of LaF(3) and NdF(3), regardless of the procedure used. Finally, the intended "core-shell" nanoparticles were doped with Eu(3+) to show that a non-core-shell structure can also give rise to the improvement of optical properties as compared with the corresponding core nanoparticles. These results suggest that conclusions in the literature that a core-shell structure was obtained as inferred by TEM or enhanced luminescence may not be correct.
Glucoamylase of Amylomyces rouxii (1984)

ABSTRACT The production of glucoamylase by Amylomyces rouxii , a mold used in rice and cassava fermentations in the Orient, was demonstrated under solid substrate culture conditions. The enzyme purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, and Sephadex ion exchange column chromatography appears homogeneous. A. rouxii glucoamylase is a glycoprotein and has an optimum pH around 4.5, optimum temperature 60°C, a molecular weight of 55,600 daltons, and K m values of 15.8, 27.6, 16.8 mg/mL for soluble starch, glycogen, and amylopectin, respectively. Unlike the other fungal glucoamylases, which were found (from culture filtrates) to exist in multiple forms, A. rouxii glucoamylase, isolated from solid substrate fermentation, displayed only one form.
Blends of polyamide 6 and bisphenol‐A polycarbonate. Effects of interchange reactions on morphology and mechanical properties (1992)

Abstract Blends of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polycarbonate (PC) were prepared in a Brabender mixer, at 240°C, applying long mixing time, for 45 min. It was observed that the morphology and the mechanical properties tend to resemble those of a homogeneous material as the mixing time and PA6 concentration increase. This is attributed to chemical reactions taking place between the two homopolymers. Acidolysis, amidolysis, and aminolysis, catalyzed by the terminals and the amide groups of the polyamide, should in principle be possible. Our results indicate that the aminolysis is the main process, inducing simultaneously scission of PC chains and formation of PC‐PA6 copolymer chains. The latter act as interfacial agents between incompatible PA6 and PC, improving the mechanical properties of PA6‐rich blends, in agreement with the predictions of some theoretical models assuming good phase interpenetration. © 1992 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
2,4-Dimethyl-6 H-pyrido[3,2-b]carbazole, an isomer of the antitumor alkaloid ellipticine via the Combes-Beyer reaction. (1993)

The synthesis of 2,4-dimethyl-6 H-pyrido[3,2-b]carbazole (2a) and of its 9-methoxy (2b) and 9-hydroxy (2c) derivatives via the Combes-Beyer reaction is described. Pyridocarbazole 2a has been obtained by two different routes. In the course of the synthesis of 2b either a partial or a total demethoxylation has been observed depending on the route employed.
Rhenium and Manganese Complexes Bearing Amino-Bis(phosphinite) Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity in Hydrogenation of Ketones (2018)

A series of rhenium and manganese complexes supported by easily accessible and easily tunable amino-bisphosphinite ligands was prepared and characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, HR mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction studies. These complexes have been tested in the hydrogenation of ketones. Notably, one of the rhenium complexes, bearing an NH moiety, proved significantly more active than the rest of the series. The reaction proceeds well at 120 °C, under 50 bar of H2, in the presence of 0.5 mol % of catalyst and 1 mol % of tBuOK. Interestingly, activation of the precatalyst could be followed stepwise by NMR and a rhenium hydride was characterized by X-ray diffraction studies.
Double Click: Dual Functionalized Polymeric Micelles with Antibodies and Peptides (2013)

Polymeric nanoparticle micelles provide a possible platform for theranostic delivery, combining the role of therapeutics and diagnostics in one vehicle. To explore dual-functional micelles, the amphiphilic copolymer of poly(d,l-lactide-co-2-methyl-2-carboxytrimethylene carbonate)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol)-X (P(LA-co-TMCC)-g-PEG-X) was self-assembled to form micelles, with X representing either azide or furan. Micelles of P(LA-co-TMCC)-g-PEG-azide and P(LA-co-TMCC)-g-PEG-furan terminal functional groups were used to conjugate dibenzylcyclooctyne and maleimide-modified probes, respectively, taking advantage of orthogonal coupling chemistry. To verify the utility of the dual-functional micelles, trastuzumab-maleimide antibodies and FLAG-dibenzylcyclooctyne peptides were covalently bound by sequential click chemistry reactions. SKOV-3luc cells that were treated with the dual-functionalized micelles showed colocalization of the antibodies and peptides by confocal imaging, demonstrating the promise of this approach.