gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Old and New Values of .alpha.-Helix Propensities to the Helix-Coil Transition of Poly(L-glutamic acid) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of Old and New Values of .alpha.-Helix Propensities to the Helix-Coil Transition of Poly(L-glutamic acid)Alfred HoltzerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 23, 10837–10838Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00102a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00102a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Weight, Body Composition, and Testosterone on Bone Mineral Density in HIV-Infected Women (2007)

Recent studies suggest that bone loss occurs among HIV-infected women. This study examined the effects of reduced androgen levels, changes in weight, body composition, and menstrual dysfunction on bone mineral density (BMD) among 152 HIV-infected women characterized by normal weight (>90% ideal body weight [IBW], n = 124) and low weight (<or=90% IBW, n = 28) compared with 100 non-HIV-infected control subjects. BMD was assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry, and free testosterone was assessed by equilibrium dialysis. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were determined by computed tomography scan. A significant difference was seen in BMD between groups at the lumbar spine (0.92 +/- 0.02 g/cm vs. 1.01 +/- 0.01 g/cm vs. 1.07 +/- 0.01 g/cm; P < 0.0001), total hip (0.84 +/- 0.03 g/cm vs. 0.94 +/- 0.01 g/cm vs. 0.98 +/- 0.01 g/cm; P < 0.0001), and femoral neck (0.73 +/- 0.03 g/cm vs. 0.83 +/- 0.01 g/cm vs. 0.87 +/- 0.01 g/cm; P < 0.0001) (HIV-infected low-weight group, HIV-infected normal-weight group, and non-HIV-infected control subjects, respectively, for each comparison; mean +/- SEM). Among the HIV-infected subjects, lumbar BMD correlated with percent IBW (r = 0.37, P < 0.0001), total body lean mass (r = 0.43, P < 0.0001), total body fat mass (r = 0.35, P < 0.0001), and SAT (r = 0.41, P < 0.0001), but not VAT (r = 0.07, P = 0.417). Clinical risk factors for osteopenia and osteoporosis in the HIV population identified in univariate analysis included low free testosterone (<1.1 pg/mL [lower limit of the normal range of free testosterone for women] or 3.8 pmol/L; P = 0.0007), low weight (P = 0.014), and oligomenorrhea (P = 0.0006). In multivariate regression analysis, lean body mass was most significantly associated with BMD among those with HIV. These data demonstrate that BMD is reduced among HIV-infected women in association with low weight, reduced lean mass, reduced androgen levels, and abnormal menstrual function.
Nonlinear reduction of high-dimensional dynamical systems via neural networks (1994)

A technique for empirically determining optimal coordinates for modeling a dynamical system is presented. The methodology may be viewed as a nonlinear extension of the Karhunen-Lo\`eve procedure and is implemented via an autoassociative neural network. Given a high-dimensional system of differential equations which model a dynamical system asymptotically residing on a stable attractor, the task of the network is to compute a reembedding of the attractor and the dynamics into an ambient space which reflects the intrinsic dimensionality of the problem. The method is demonstrated on the unforced Van der Pol oscillator, the forced Van der Pol, and the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation.
The Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer Book 2018 (2018)

(Abridged) This is the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer 2018 book. It is intended as a concise reference guide to all aspects of the scientific and technical design of MSE, for the international astronomy and engineering communities, and related agencies. The current version is a status report of MSE's science goals and their practical implementation, following the System Conceptual Design Review, held in January 2018. MSE is a planned 10-m class, wide-field, optical and near-infrared facility, designed to enable transformative science, while filling a critical missing gap in the emerging international network of large-scale astronomical facilities. MSE is completely dedicated to multi-object spectroscopy of samples of between thousands and millions of astrophysical objects. It will lead the world in this arena, due to its unique design capabilities: it will boast a large (11.25 m) aperture and wide (1.52 sq. degree) field of view; it will have the capabilities to observe at a wide range of spectral resolutions, from R2500 to R40,000, with massive multiplexing (4332 spectra per exposure, with all spectral resolutions available at all times), and an on-target observing efficiency of more than 80%. MSE will unveil the composition and dynamics of the faint Universe and is designed to excel at precision studies of faint astrophysical phenomena. It will also provide critical follow-up for multi-wavelength imaging surveys, such as those of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Gaia, Euclid, the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope, the Square Kilometre Array, and the Next Generation Very Large Array.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Dynamics of thermal growth of silicon oxide films on Si’ ” (2006)

In a Comment on ``Dynamics of thermal growth of silicon oxide films on Si'' [Phys. Rev. B 61, 12992 (2000)], Roura and Farjas argue that the values of the kinetics parameters obtained from the model proposed in that paper are not reliable and that the solutions given for different partial pressures are erroneous. Moreover, that the solution from such model is unable to predict the oxidation rate experimentally observed in the thin oxide regime neither the width of the interface. Resorting to experimental results, and old and new results obtained from our model, we show in this Reply that none of the criticisms are solid and that the results of the original paper represent indeed an improvement over the Deal-Grove model. Finally, motivated by one of the issues raised by Roura and Farjas, we present here new fittings of experimental data using our model together with experimental estimates for the interface width between the oxide layer and the silicon substrate. This turned a two parameter fitting problem into a much simpler one parameter procedure.
Network Traffic Classification Using Semi-Supervised Approach (2010)

A semi-supervised approach for classification of network flows is analyzed and implemented. This traffic classification methodology uses only flow statistics to classify traffic. Specifically, a semi-supervised method that allows classifiers to be designed from training data consisting of only a few labeled and many unlabeled flows. The approach consists of two steps, clustering and classification. Clustering partitions the training data set into disjoint groups (¿clusters¿). After making clusters, classification is performed in which labeled data are used for assigning class labels to the clusters. A KDD Cup 1999 data set is being taken for testing this approach. It includes many kind of attack data, also includes the normal data. The testing results are then compared with SVM based classifier. The result of our approach is comparable.
Hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of the Spring Mountains, Clark County, Nevada (2019)

The Spring Mountains are the largest ground-water recharge area in southern Nevada and supply a significant amount of ground water to the Las Vegas' Pahrump, and Indian Springs Valleys; The high quality of ground water in the study area is controlled by the predominance of carbonate rock in the central portion of the mountain block. Modeling of {dollar}\delta\sp{13}{dollar}C in ground water suggest low P{dollar}\sb{\rm CO\sb2}{dollar} and enriched {dollar}\delta\sp{13}{dollar}C in soil, and open system conditions at high elevations. Analysis of {dollar}\sp{14}{dollar}C in ground water and geochemical modeling of ground water using PHREEQE and BALANCE suggest ground water from the Spring Mountain bedrock aquifer and alluvial-fan aquifers are mixing with water from the regional aquifer in the Las Vegas shear zone. Modeling also suggests mixing of 90 percent Las Vegas shear zone water with 10 percent water from the western portion of the Las Vegas Valley in the Las Vegas well field. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.).
Bifidobacterium gallicum sp. nov. Isolated from Human Feces (1990)

A bifidobacterial isolate from human feces was found to have very low genetic relatedness to any previously described species of the genus. This strain, which also contained a unique type of peptidoglycan, L-lysine-L-alanine-L-serine (A3 alpha), is considered to represent a new species, which is designated Bifidobacterium gallicum. Its description is presented. The type strain is strain DSM 20093. gallicum. Its description is presented. The type strain is strain DSM 20093.
Influence of Fuel Type on Turbulent Nonpremixed Jet Flames Under MILD Combustion Conditions (2007)

This paper reports on the systematic variation of fuel type for turbulent nonpremixed flames issuing into a heated and diluted coflow. The coflow oxidant stream achieved using the jet in hot coflow (JHC) burner emulates MILD (Moderate or Intense Low oxygen Dilution) combustion conditions. Combined laser diag-nostic imaging simultaneously reveals the in-situ spatial distri-bution of the hydroxyl radical (OH), formaldehyde (H2CO) and temperature. In this work, three different fuels are considered, viz., natural gas, ethylene, and LPG (each diluted with hydro-gen). The influence of the fuel chemistry on the flame behaviour and reaction zone structure is examined. It is observed that un-der MILD combustion conditions there does not seem to be a significant effect of the fuel type on the structure of the reaction zone. The fluidic structure of the turbulent jet appears to control the flame more so than the chemistry in the MILD combustion conditions of the JHC burner.
Understanding the masses of elementary particles: a step towards understanding the massless photon? (2011)

A so far unnoticed simple explanation of elementary particle masses is given by m = N * m<sub>electron</sub>/&alpha;, where alpha (=1/137) is the fine structure constant. On the other hand photons can be described by two oppositely oscillating clouds of e / &radic;&alpha; elementary charges. Such a model describes a number of features of the photon in a quantitatively correct manner. For example, the energy of the oscillating clouds is E = h &nu;, the spin is 1 and the spatial dimension is &lambda; / 2 &pi;. When the charge e / &radic;&alpha; is assigned to the Planck mass m<sub>Pl</sub>, the resulting charge density is e / (m<sub>Pl</sub>&radic;&alpha;) = 8,62 * 10<sup>-11</sup> Cb / kg. This is identical to &radic; (G / k<sub>o</sub>) where G is the gravitational constant and k<sub>o</sub> the Coulomb constant. When one assigns this very small charge density to any matter, gravitation can be completely described as Coulomb interaction between such charges of the corresponding masses. Thus, there is a tight quantitative connection between the photon, nonzero rest masses and gravitation / Coulomb interaction.
Pyrolysis of crosslinked styrene polymers (1956)

Abstract The effect of network density on pyrolysis of polymers and copolymers of styrene, divinylbenzene, and trivinylbenzene was studied over a wide range of temperature. Thermal stability of polymers and size of carbon residues increased with crosslink concentration as volatilization rates declined. Rate of gas evolution was dependent on particle size, but was unaffected by catalyst content and moderate pressure changes. The results indicate extensive alteration of monomer units, possibly by a hydrogen transfer process which favors carbon formation rather than vaporization.
RYNSORD: a novel, decentralized algorithm for railway networks with "soft reservation" (2002)

This paper presents RYNSORD (a novel decentralized algorithm with soft reservation for efficient scheduling and congestion mitigation in railway networks), wherein every train utilizes lookahead to dynamically re-plan its route. Thus, a train, currently at position X and headed for the ultimate destination position Y, first requests and reserves N tracks, ahead of its current position, for use at appropriate future times. The N tracks are chosen either along the shortest path or an alternate shortest path where the tracks of the two paths are mutually exclusive. The train issues two sets of requests, concurrently, for the tracks on the two paths. After it has been granted reservations, the train selects the path that promises the quickest arrival time at the final destination. The train moves through the N tracks and, upon completion, it again requests and reserves N subsequent tracks ahead of itself. The process continues until the train reaches its destination, Y. The reservation process may be characterized by less abruptness and greater flexibility in negotiation between the trains and stations. This characteristic is termed "soft" reservations in this paper. Under "soft reservations", a train negotiating for N tracks will, in general, always succeeds. This paper also reports on an implementation of RYNSORD and a distributed approach that is similar to RYNSORD except that it employs hard reservations, on a network of SUN spare workstations, configured as a loosely-coupled parallel processor. Experimental results are presented.
Synthesis of Lactams by Radical Substitution Reaction of α,β-Unsaturated Acyl Radicals at Amine Nitrogen (2007)

[reaction: see text] Substitution at nitrogen by alpha,beta-unsaturated acyl radicals took place accompanied by elimination of an alpha-phenethyl radical. This reaction led to the development of a new carbonylative annulation method for five- to seven-membered ring lactams.
Wannier-Stark ladder conditions in 4H-SiC p-n junctions grown on off axis substrates (2006)

4 H - Si C p+-n−-n+ junctions have been prepared on 8° off oriented plane aiming to investigate conditions of Wannier-Stark localization (WSL), and respectively the occurrence of a negative temperature coefficient of avalanche breakdown voltage (TCABV). A method is proposed that can enable obtaining important results without reaching the regime of destructive avalanche breakdown. By analyzing the photocurrent of light with different wavelengths and at strong electric fields, a negative differential photoconductance has been discovered testifying that the WSL is not suppressed at the field inclination in 8° off axis, and a negative TCABV is expected in commercial p-n junctions.
Random Walks: Reality or Myth (1967)

(1967). Random Walks: Reality or Myth. Financial Analysts Journal: Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 69-77.
3-(2-(3-Pyridinyl)thiazolidin-4-oyl)indoles, a Novel Series of Platelet Activating Factor Antagonists (1994)

(2RS,4R)-3-(2-(3-Pyridinyl)thiazolidin-4-oyl)indoles represent a new class of potent, orally active antagonists of platelet activating factor (PAF). The compounds were prepared by acylation of the magnesium or zinc salts of substituted indoles with (2RS,4R)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)thiazolidin-4-oyl chloride. The 3-acylindole moiety functions as a hydrolytically stabilized and conformationally restricted anilide replacement, which imparts a considerable boost in potency to the series. Structure-activity relationships observed for substitution on the indole ring system are discussed. Members of the series compare favorably with other reported PAF antagonists.
Shape recovery of nanoscale imprints in a thermoset “shape memory” polymer (2005)

This letter reports temperature-dependent recovery of atomic force microscope tip-formed indentations in a thermoset shape memory polymer. The indentations are made at both room temperature and 69°C, and then recovered at temperatures between 40°C and 70°C. The shape recovery is more complete for higher anneal temperatures, and is relatively independent of time for 102–104s. The experiments show shape memory in the 1–100nm size scale.
Intraoperative electrochemotherapy of colorectal liver metastases (2014)

Electrochemotherapy of colorectal liver metastases proved to be feasible, safe, and efficient treatment modality, providing its specific place in difficult to treat metastases, located in the vicinity of major hepatic vessels, not amenable to surgery or radiofrequency ablation.
Analysis of Ink/Coating Penetration on Paper Surfaces by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) in Conjunction with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) (2008)

Abstract Time-of-Flight Secondary ion mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), in conjunction with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), has been used to characterize the spatial distribution of the chemical components of ink, both on the surface and in the Z-direction of coated papers. Preliminary work was performed on commercial ink-jet printing paper and on commercially available photopaper to establish that ToF-SIMS, in conjunction with PCA, could help characterise ink/coating distribution. To illustrate further that ToF-SIMS/PCA could differentiate the individual components making up the ink, pigment-based and dye-based inks were applied to two coated papers (PCC + SA and PCC + starch + PVA) using an inkjet printer. This approach shows that high spatially resolved images obtained by ToF-SIMS allows a depth profile to be obtained, thereby allowing the correlation between ink distribution at the surface and in the Z-direction to be evaluated in relation to the coating formulation. Keywords: Coated paperCoating penetrationDepth profilingDye-based inkPigment-based inkPrincipal component analysis (PCA)Spatial ink/coating distributionSurface analysisToF-SIMS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Support for this work from the Pulp and Paper Centre and the Surface Science II Consortium Members—Bowater Canadian Forest Products, Inc., Domtar, Inc., Hokuetsu Paper Mills, Ltd., International Paper Company, Oji Paper Co., Inc., Tembec, Inc., and Xerox Research Centre of Canada—is gratefully acknowledged. Notes One of a Collection of papers honoring John F. Watts, the recipient in February 2008 of The Adhesion Society Award for Excellence in Adhesion Science, Sponsored by 3M.
Mining sequential patterns by pattern-growth: the PrefixSpan approach (2004)

Sequential pattern mining is an important data mining problem with broad applications. However, it is also a difficult problem since the mining may have to generate or examine a combinatorially explosive number of intermediate subsequences. Most of the previously developed sequential pattern mining methods, such as GSP, explore a candidate generation-and-test approach [R. Agrawal et al. (1994)] to reduce the number of candidates to be examined. However, this approach may not be efficient in mining large sequence databases having numerous patterns and/or long patterns. In this paper, we propose a projection-based, sequential pattern-growth approach for efficient mining of sequential patterns. In this approach, a sequence database is recursively projected into a set of smaller projected databases, and sequential patterns are grown in each projected database by exploring only locally frequent fragments. Based on an initial study of the pattern growth-based sequential pattern mining, FreeSpan [J. Han et al. (2000)], we propose a more efficient method, called PSP, which offers ordered growth and reduced projected databases. To further improve the performance, a pseudoprojection technique is developed in PrefixSpan. A comprehensive performance study shows that PrefixSpan, in most cases, outperforms the a priori-based algorithm GSP, FreeSpan, and SPADE [M. Zaki, (2001)] (a sequential pattern mining algorithm that adopts vertical data format), and PrefixSpan integrated with pseudoprojection is the fastest among all the tested algorithms. Furthermore, this mining methodology can be extended to mining sequential patterns with user-specified constraints. The high promise of the pattern-growth approach may lead to its further extension toward efficient mining of other kinds of frequent patterns, such as frequent substructures.
The Asymptotic Behavior of Spontaneous and Forced Decay*,† (1949)

The decay of phosphors under the influence of stimulating radiation can be investigated in a manner which avoids some of the complications impairing the significance of most decay measurements. The stimulated decay of an infra-red-sensitive strontium sulfide phosphor was measured. The complicating influence of spontaneous decay was practically eliminated. A phosphor with comparatively weak absorption of the stimulating and of the exciting radiation was selected and an extremely thin layer of the material was used, so that homogeneous excitation and stimulation were secured. The procedures of exhausting the phosphor and of measuring its stimulability were separated in principle and the stimulating intensity was kept constant throughout the exhaustion. The sensitivity to stimulation was measured over a range of six powers of ten, and the forced decay was carried to nearly complete exhaustion of the phosphor. This made it possible to determine the residual light-sum over a large range, and a region of very weak excitation of the phosphor was included. A further elimination of complicating factors is achieved by studying the infra-red-sensitivity as a function of the residual light-sum. The results of these measurements show strong evidence of second-order kinetics for the later stages of decay.A suggestion that a certain kind of superposition of second-order processes should lead to an exponential asymptotic behavior of the decay is shown to be based on a fallacy.
Biomimetic Reductive Cleavage of Keto Aryl Ether Bonds by Small‐Molecule Thiols (2019)

The nucleophilic and reductive properties of thiolates and thiols make them ideal candidates as redox mediators via the thiol/disulfide couple. One mechanism for biological lignin depolymerization entails reduction of keto aryl ether bonds by an S<sub>N</sub> 2 mechanism with the thiol redox mediator glutathione. In this study, mimicking this chemistry in a simple protein- and metal-free process, several small organic thiols are surveyed for their ability to cleave aryl keto ethers that model the β-O-4 linkages found in partially oxidized lignin. In polar aprotic solvents, β-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol yielded up to 100 % formation of phenol and acetophenone products from 2-phenoxyacetophenone, but not from its reduced alcohol congener. The effects of reaction conditions and of substituents on the aryl rings and the keto ether linkage are assessed. These results, together with activation barriers computed by quantum chemical simulations and direct observation of the expected intermediate thioether, point to an S<sub>N</sub> 2 mechanism. This study confirms that small organic thiols can reductively break down lignin-relevant keto aryl ether linkages.