gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 2-(2-Fluorophenyl)-2-methylamino-Cyclohexanone as a New Ketamine Derivative (2014)

Abstract The main goal of this article is to the present research on the development of ketamine derivatives. The target molecule was a fluoroderivative of ketamine, for which a multistep synthesis has been reported. This novel ketamine derivative, 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone, has been called fluoroketamine by our research group. The starting fluorobenzonitrile was reacted with the appropriate Grignard reagent followed by the bromination reaction to obtain α-bromocyclopentyl-(2-fluorophenyl)-ketone. The reaction of the obtained ketone with methylamine at −40 °C then resulted in the formation of α-hydroxycyclopentyl-(2-flourophenyl)-N-methylamine. Finally, the five-memberd ring cyclopentanol was expanded to the cyclohexylketone by a thermal rearrangement reaction. The HCl salt of the target molecule, which is soluble in water, was obtained by the acidification of the free fluoroketamine with HCl. Preliminary animal tests on mice have shown that the resulting fluoroketamine has some advantages over ketamine in terms of the effective dose and the recovery time.
Printing: Mechanisms, Capabilities, and Applications of High‐Resolution Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing (Small 34/2015) (2015)

Electrohydrodynamic jet printing is an additive fabrication approach that enables direct patterning of materials in liquid form with nanoscale resolution. This approach presents opportunities for further research with strong potential of applications in various fields such as printed electronics, tissue engineering, and photonic devices. On page 4237, M. S. Onses, J. A. Rogers and co-workers review the recent progress in this field, ranging from the underlying processes of jet formation and droplet generation, to engineering systems for controlled, high-speed printing, functional materials for inks, and practically achievable resolution, all in the context of diverse applications.
Design of sulfur heterocycles with sulfur monochloride: synthetic possibilities and prospects (2009)

Sulfur monochloride is an important reagent in the synthesis of heterocycles with various numbers of sulfur atoms. The classification is proposed for the selective synthesis of highly interesting sulfur heterocyclic systems from acyclic fragments containing C–H, CN, CN and C–Cl bonds.
Formation, Structure and Conformational Dynamics of Highly Substituted Diphenylcarbonates (2000)

The symmetrical carbonates 5-8 were prepared from ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoates with aryl-, 4-(arylethynyl)-phenyl-, arylethynyl- or arylbutadiynyl-substituents in the 3- and 5-positions, by reaction with triphosgene. The choice of base (pyridine, DMAP, NaH) had a strong influence on the conversion: For the synthesis of the carbonates 5 and 6, it was sufficient to use pyridine as the base. However, for the synthesis of the carbonates 7 and 8, NaH had to be used instead. Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of these carbonates revealed that the substituents point towards the corners of a distorted tetrahedron with the carbonate group sitting in the middle of the tetrahedron and the two angular phenolic building blocks intersecting with an angle of 51-71 degrees. In solution at room temperature, all four substituents are magnetically equivalent as a consequence of conformational flexibility. The two enantiomeric conformers of carbonate 5a interconvert rapidly, probably via a perfect trans conformation with the plane of the Aralpha perpendicular to the carbonate plane. In the case of carbonates 6-8 this process is inhibited by unfavourable interaction of the long substituents at the benzoate moiety. The dynamic process, which has an energy barrier of 8-10 kcalmol(-1), is described in a simplified manner as a continuous rotation of the angular building blocks around the carbonate unit with the C(aryl)-O bonds as the axes of rotation.
The relationship between reaction to sudden, intermittent movements and sounds and temperament. (2000)

Casual observations indicated that some cattle are more sensitive to sudden movement or intermittent sound than other cattle. Six commercial livestock auctions in two states and a total of 1,636 cattle were observed to assess the relationship between breed, sex, and temperament score on the response to sudden, intermittent visual and sound stimuli, such as the ringman swinging his arm for a bid and the sound of him briefly yelling a bid. A 4-point temperament score was used to score each animal while it was in the ring. The scores used were 1) walks and(or) stands still, with slow, smooth body movements; 2) continuously walks or trots, and vigilant; 3) gait is faster than a trot (runs even a couple of steps), with fast, abrupt, jerky movements, and very vigilant; and 4) hits the ring fence, walls, partitions, or people with its head. Animals were observed for flinches, startle responses, or orientation toward sudden, intermittent sounds, motions, and tactile stimulation, such as being touched with a cane or plastic paddle. The cattle observed were mostly Bos taurus beef breeds and Holstein dairy cattle. Holsteins were more sound-sensitive (P = .02) and touch-sensitive (P < .01) than beef cattle. Sensitivity to sudden, intermittent stimuli (e.g., sound, motion, and touch) increased as temperament score (excitability) increased. Cattle with a temperament score of 1 were the least sensitive to sudden, intermittent movement and sound and those with a temperament score of 4 were the most sensitive (P < .01). This same relationship was sometimes observed for touch but was not statistically significant. Motion-sensitive cattle were more likely than nonsensitive cattle to score a temperament rating of 3 or 4 (P < .01). Steers and heifers were more motion-sensitive than the older bulls and cows (P = .03). Beef cattle urinated (P < .01, n = 1,581) and defecated (P < .01, n = 1,582) more often in the ring than did dairy cattle. Cattle that became agitated during handling in an auction ring were the individuals that were most likely to be startled by sudden, intermittent sounds and movements. Reactivity to sudden, intermittent stimuli may be an indicator of an excitable temperament.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Nucleosides. Part 20. Synthesis and Antileishmanial Activity of 4,6‐Substituted Pyrazolo(3,4‐d)pyrimidine Nucleosides. (1989)

Abstract A series of title nucleosides are prepared following known procedures and tested for their antileishmanial activity.
Organophosphorus Hydrolase Is a Remarkably Stable Enzyme That Unfolds through a Homodimeric Intermediate (1997)

Organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH, EC 8.1.3.1) is a homodimeric enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of organophosphorus pesticides and nerve agents. We have analyzed the urea- and guanidinium chloride-induced equilibrium unfolding of OPH as monitored by far-ultraviolet circular dichroism and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. These spectral methods, which monitor primarily the disruption of protein secondary structure and tertiary structure, respectively, reveal biphasic unfolding transitions with evidence for an intermediate form of OPH. By investigating the protein concentration dependence of the unfolding curves, it is clear that the second transition involves dissociation of the monomeric polypeptide chains and that the intermediate is clearly dimeric. The dimeric intermediate form of OPH is devoid of enzymatic activity, yet clearly behaves as a partially folded, dimeric protein by gel filtration. Therefore, we propose an unfolding mechanism in which the native dimer converts to an inactive, well-populated dimeric intermediate which finally dissociates and completely unfolds to individual monomeric polypeptides. The denaturant-induced unfolding data are described well by a three-state mechanism with delta G for the interconversion between the native homodimer (N2) and the inactive dimeric intermediate (I2) of 4.3 kcal/mol while the overall standard state stability of the native homodimer relative to the unfolded monomers (2U) is more than 40 kcal/mol. Thus, OPH is a remarkably stable protein that folds through an inactive, dimeric intermediate and will serve as a good model system for investigating the energetics of protein association and folding in a system where we can clearly resolve these two steps.
On the absence of eigenvalues of the difference Schrödinger operator on a line with a periodic potential (2022)

We discuss the difference Schrödinger operator on a line with a periodic, possibly complex, potential. We show that this operator has no eigenvalues. The proof is based on the use of the notion of Bloch solutions introduced by Buslaev and Fedotov for difference equations on a line.
Basic Concepts and Current Status of the Petawatt Field Synthesizer－A New Approach to Ultrahigh Field Generation (2009)

Optical parametric amplification (OPA) has opened a path towards a completely new regime of
Automatic query taxonomy generation for information retrieval applications (2003)

It is crucial for information retrieval systems to learn more about what users search for in order to fulfil the intent of searches. This paper introduces query taxonomy generation, which attempts to organise users’ queries into a hierarchical structure of topic classes. Such a query taxonomy provides a basis for the in‐depth analysis of users’ queries on a larger scale and can benefit many information retrieval systems. The proposed approach to this problem consists of two computational processes: hierarchical query clustering to generate a query taxonomy from scratch, and query categorisation to place newly‐arrived queries into the taxonomy. The results of the preliminary experiment have shown the potential of the proposed approach in generating taxonomies for queries, which may be useful in various Web information retrieval applications.
Anticitrulline antibodies can be caused by homocitrulline‐containing proteins in rabbits (2010)

Our findings demonstrate that homocitrulline, which is a structural analog of citrulline (longer by 1 carbon, and readily formed in the body), can be involved in raising citrulline-recognizing antibodies in experimental animals and can cause false-positive reactions in assays for citrulline.
Table S1 from Anti-OX40 Antibody Directly Enhances The Function of Tumor-Reactive CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells and Synergizes with PI3Kβ Inhibition in PTEN Loss Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;List of detailed information for antibodies used for CytoF and Flow Cytometry&lt;/p&gt;
Comment on “Training the Surgeon-Scientist in Today's Healthcare Environment” (2019)

DeCoster, Ryan C. MD; Bautista, Robert-Marlo F. MD; Evers, Bernard Mark MD, FACS Author Information
Evolution of Gesn Lasers Towards Photonic Integration into Practical Applications (2022)

GeSn alloys have emerged as a promising material for group IV light sources because alloying Ge with Sn increases the directness of the bandstructure, thus improving the efficiency of light emission. Despite several years of progress in GeSn lasers, however, the integration of such lasers into practical applications still faces challenges such as high threshold, low operating temperature, and large device footprint. In this report, we address these challenges via each of the studies containing thermal management, defect reduction, and nanowire growth approach. First, we demonstrate improved lasing characteristics including reduced threshold and increased operating temperature in GeSn microdisks directly sitting on Si, which is allowed by the enhanced thermal management over the conventional suspended microdisks. Although there is a concern about poor optical confinement of the sitting approach, we confirm the simultaneous achievement of excellent heat dissipation and superior optical confinement from the microdisk released on Si through experiments and theoretical simulations. We also demonstrate a decreased threshold in microdisk lasers fabricated using a high-quality GeSn-on-insulator (GeSnOI) substrate. Photoluminescence measurements show that the reduction of defects in GeSnOI leads to enhancement of spontaneous emission and reduction of the lasing threshold. Lastly, we present the potential for GeSn nanowire lasers having smaller footprints by observing clear cavity resonances in a single nanowire grown by a bottom-up growth approach. Our demonstrations provide guiding principles to push the performance of GeSn lasers to the limit towards a realization of practical group IV light sources.
Accuracy Evaluation of Navigation System During Neurosurgery at Open MRI Theater and Improvement of its Maneuverability (2004)

The reflective ball marker has the combined function of conventional operation marker with function of reflective ball can be recognized by optical position measuring equipment. Then, automatic registration became possible toeliminate artificial operation. Consequently, preparation time was decreases, and accuracy became much improved.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Human Erythrocyte Glucose Transporter and Fatty Acid Synthase in Infiltrating Breast Carcinomas and Adjacent Typical/Atypical Hyperplastic or Normal Breast Tissue (2001)

To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of GLUT1, human erythrocyte glucose transporter 1, and fatty acid synthase (FAS), 66 human breast carcinomas and adjacent peritumoral tissue were studied. GLUT1 and FAS were expressed in 53 and 61 carcinomas, in 17 and 14 typical/atypical hyperplastic tissues, and in 16 and 13 tissues adjacent to tumor normal breast tissue, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed association between invasive carcinomas, invasive carcinomas with in situ component and GLUT1 immunostaining. GLUT1 staining was associated with tumor grade, FAS with tumor stage, and GLUT1 and FAS coexpression with tumor grade. Controls expressed no immunostaining. GLUT1 and FAS are new markers involved in the biologic activities of cancer cells. GLUT1 and FAS coexpression may indicate increased use of energy by the neoplastic cells correlated with poorly differentiated features and aggressive behavior. The innovative finding that GLUT1 and FAS are observed in mammary carcinoma adjacent nonneoplastic tissues may suggest a role in detecting initial phases of breast carcinogenesis.
Supplementary Tables from FTO-Dependent <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-Methyladenosine Modifications Inhibit Ovarian Cancer Stem Cell Self-Renewal by Blocking cAMP Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental tables include gene lists related to Figure 5, additional experimental data related to Figure S3I, and primers sequence. Table S1. Numbers of spheroids were counted for each cell dilution; Table S2. List of 20 genes that exhibit a significant change between control and FTO-overexpressing OVCAR5 cells in m6A peak levels, and abundance of the corresponding mRNA transcripta; Table S3. List of primers oligonucleotides; Table S4. Summary of the m6A-seq and RNA-seq; Table S5. List of top 50 hypo-methylation &amp; down-regulated genes; Table S6: List of top 50 hypo-methylation &amp;up-regulated genes.&lt;/p&gt;
Rapid Thermal Annealing And Solid Phase Epitaxy Of Ion Implanted InP (1986)

The production and annealing of damage in (100) InP implanted with Si ions at 77K, room temperature and 200°C have been studied by channeling, Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), Hall measurement and electrochemical profiling. An ion energy of 180 keV and a fluence of 10<sup>14</sup>cm<sup>-2</sup> produces an amorphous layer which extends to the surface in samples implanted at 77K or room temperature, while samples implanted at 200°C with a fluence as high as 10<sup>15</sup>cm<sup>-2</sup> remain crystalline. For room temperature or 77K implants, the maximum epitaxial regrowth thickness is about 2000&Aring;. An amorphous layer less than 2000&Aring; thick can be nearly completely recrystallized by epitaxial growth, at a temperature of 250°C. The post-anneal residual disorder of thicker layers, following furnace annealing (FA) at 750°C for 15 minutes, is linearly dependent on the initial amorphous layer thickness. A high degree of electrical activation is reached for high temperature implants and low annealing temperature (500°-600°C). In contrast, for room temperature implants annealing at higher temperature using furnace or rapid thermal annealing was required to activate the dopants. The percentage of electrical activation of both low and high fluence ion doses is nearly the same at the optimal condition for rapid thermal annealing (RTA) or furnace annealing, even for the case of residual disorder layers following room temperature implants and furnace annealing. Comparison of the SIMS Si profile with the carrier concentration profile shows compensation at the damage-crystalline interface.
COMPUTING THE SET OF ALL THE DISTANT HORIZONS OF A TERRAIN (2005)

We study the problem of computing the set of all distant horizons of a terrain, represented as either: (1) the set of all edges that appear on the distant horizon from at least one viewing direction; (2) for every edge e, the set of direction intervals for which e appears on the distant horizon; or (3) a search structure to query for the edges on the distant horizon, or the precise distant horizon, from a fixed viewing direction. We describe an algorithm that solves the first and second forms of the problem in O(n 2+∊ ) time for any constant ∊ &gt; 0 where n is the number of edges of the terrain. This algorithm can be extended to compute a search structure for (3) in O(n 2+∊ ) time. The search structure can return the s edges on the distant horizon in O( log n + s) time. We show solving problem (1) is 3SUM hard. Furthermore, we construct a terrain with a single local maximum in which Θ(n) edges each have Θ(n) direction intervals, showing that our solution to (2) cannot be significantly improved, in the worst case, even for such restricted terrains. This takes advantage of a novel construction in which the convex hull of a set of n linearly moving points, whose trajectories do not intersect, changes Ω(n 2 ) times.
Motion artifact in studies of functional connectivity: Characteristics and mitigation strategies (2017)

Motion artifacts are now recognized as a major methodological challenge for studies of functional connectivity. As in-scanner motion is frequently correlated with variables of interest such as age, clinical status, cognitive ability, and symptom severity, in-scanner motion has the potential to introduce systematic bias. In this article, we describe how motion-related artifacts influence measures of functional connectivity and discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of commonly used denoising strategies. Furthermore, we illustrate how motion can bias inference, using a study of brain development as an example. Finally, we highlight directions of ongoing and future research, and provide recommendations for investigators in the field. Hum Brain Mapp, 40:2033-2051, 2019. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Type II Transmembrane Serine Protease Gene Variants Associate with Breast Cancer (2014)

Type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) are related to tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis in cancer. Genetic variants in these genes may alter their function, leading to cancer onset and progression, and affect patient outcome. Here, 464 breast cancer cases and 370 controls were genotyped for 82 single-nucleotide polymorphisms covering eight genes. Association of the genotypes was estimated against breast cancer risk, breast cancer-specific survival, and survival in different treatment groups, and clinicopathological variables. SNPs in TMPRSS3 (rs3814903 and rs11203200), TMPRSS7 (rs1844925), and HGF (rs5745752) associated significantly with breast cancer risk (Ptrend = 0.008-0.042). SNPs in TMPRSS1 (rs12151195 and rs12461158), TMPRSS2 (rs2276205), TMPRSS3 (rs3814903), and TMPRSS7 (rs2399403) associated with prognosis (P = 0.004-0.046). When estimating the combined effect of the variants, the risk of breast cancer was higher with 4-5 alleles present compared to 0-2 alleles (P = 0.0001; OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.39-3.94). Women with 6-8 survival-associating alleles had a 3.3 times higher risk of dying of breast cancer compared to women with 1-3 alleles (P = 0.001; HR, 3.30; 95% CI, 1.58-6.88). The results demonstrate the combined effect of variants in TTSPs and their related genes in breast cancer risk and patient outcome. Functional analysis of these variants will lead to further understanding of this gene family, which may improve individualized risk estimation and development of new strategies for treatment of breast cancer.
Archives scientifiques en ligne : entretien avec Laurent Romary , propos recueillis par Dominique Chouchan (2010)

National audience
A Secure Attribute-based Authentication Scheme for Cloud Computing (2016)

클라우드 컴퓨팅 서비스는 개별 사용자가 자원을 서로 공유하고 가상화 기술 등을 적용하여 기존의 컴퓨팅 환경과는 다른 특성을 가지고 있다. 이러한 특성으로 인해 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경에 적합한 사용자 식별·접근제어 기술 및 보안 통제 사항 등이 요구된다. 최근 Yoo는 안전한 클라우드 컴퓨팅을 위한 속성기반 접근제어를 이용한 새로운 인증 기법을 제안하였다. 해당 기법은 속성이라는 개념을 이용하여 클라우드 자원에 대한 안전한 접근을 제공한다. 그러나 Yoo의 기법은 악의적인 서비스 제공자에 의해 인증서버의 비밀키 해시 값이 유출될 수 있는 취약점을 가지고 있으며 이를 이용한 서비스 제공자 공격을 통해 인증 요청 메시지 공격이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 Yoo가 제안한 기법이 가진 취약점을 개선하여 클라우드 컴퓨팅을 위한 안전하고 효율적인 속성기반 인증 기법을 제안하고자 한다.
Does outpatient monitoring of opioid-dependent patients after release from an inpatient rehabilitation help prevent relapses/overdoses? (2021)

Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri The corresponding author is Michael Baltes; [email protected]. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Monodispersed Bioactive Glass Submicron Particles and Their Effect on Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue‐Derived Stem Cells (2013)

Spherical monodispersed bioactive particles are potential candidates for nanocomposite synthesis or as injectable particles that could be internalized by cells for the local sustained delivery of inorganic therapeutic ions (e.g., calcium or strontium). Particles are also likely to be released from porous bioactive glass and sol-gel hybrid scaffolds as they degrade; thus, it is vital to investigate their interaction with cells. Spherical monodispersed bioactive glass particles (mono-SMBG), with diameters of 215 ± 20 nm are synthesized using a modified Stöber process. Confocal and transmission electron microscopy demonstrate that mono-SMBGs are internalized by human bone marrow (MSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and located within cell vesicles and in the cytoplasm. Particle dissolution inside the cells is observed. Alamar Blue, MTT and Cyquant assays demonstrate that 50 μg mL(-1) of mono-SMBGs did not inhibit significantly MSC or ADSC metabolic activity. However, at higher concentrations (100 and 200 μg mL(-1)) small decrease in metabolic activity and total DNA is observed. Mono-SMBG did not induce ALPase activity, an early marker of osteogenic differentiation, without osteogenic supplements; however, in their presence osteogenic differentiation is achieved. Additionally, large numbers of particles are internalized by the cells but have little effect on cell behavior.
Fine structure of the sound-speed profile in ocean bottom sediments from in situ measurements (1975)

Compressional-wave sound-speed profiles are obtained in situ in marine sediments using a profilometer which mounts on standard sediment corers. The measurements are made at 200 kHz as the corer dynamically penetrates the bottom. The data are recorded on magnetic tape in a waterproof package, allowing measurements in water depths up to 5 km. Profiles measured in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean off Brazil show significant fine structure in the sediment section, including both high-speed sandy layers and low-speed, high-porosity layers. Signal levels measured simultaneously with the sound speed indicate that attenuating sediments are associated with many of the layers indicated by the sound-speed profile. An anomolous high-strength, high-porosity layer was observed in one area at 6-m depth in the sediment. [This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, Code 483.]