gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wnt Regulates Proliferation and Neurogenic Potential of Müller Glial Cells via a Lin28/let-7 miRNA-Dependent Pathway in Adult Mammalian Retinas (2016)

In cold-blooded vertebrates such as zebrafish, Müller glial cells (MGs) readily proliferate to replenish lost retinal neurons. In mammals, however, MGs lack regenerative capability as they do not spontaneously re-enter the cell cycle unless the retina is injured. Here, we show that gene transfer of β-catenin in adult mouse retinas activates Wnt signaling and MG proliferation without retinal injury. Upstream of Wnt, deletion of GSK3β stabilizes β-catenin and activates MG proliferation. Downstream of Wnt, β-catenin binds to the Lin28 promoter and activates transcription. Deletion of Lin28 abolishes β-catenin-mediated effects on MG proliferation, and Lin28 gene transfer stimulates MG proliferation. We further demonstrate that let-7 miRNAs are critically involved in Wnt/Lin28-regulated MG proliferation. Intriguingly, a subset of cell-cycle-reactivated MGs express markers for amacrine cells. Together, these results reveal a key role of Wnt-Lin28-let7 miRNA signaling in regulating proliferation and neurogenic potential of MGs in the adult mammalian retina.
Use of dexmedetomidine for sedation of children hospitalized in the intensive care unit (2008)

In this cohort of children hospitalized in the ICU, dexmedetomidine appeared to be effective and to have few adverse effects. Dexmedetomidine may have a potentially useful role to play in sedating hospitalized children.
Efficacy of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BB-12), B. infantis and Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5) probiotics to prevent gut dysbiosis in preterm infants of 28+0–32+6 weeks of gestation: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre trial: the PRIMAL Clinical Study Protocol (2019)

DRKS00013197; Pre-results.
Rhodium thiolate hydroformylation complexes tethered to delamellated Î³-zirconium phosphate (2001)

Rhodium thiolate complexes intercalated in crystalline γ-zirconium phosphate or tethered to SiO2-modified γ-zirconium phosphate have been synthesised. It was observed that the addition of a solution of organic silicates to a colloidal suspension of γ-zirconium phosphate yielded amorphous substrates, which displayed very high specific areas (160–650 m2 g−1). Incorporation of a mercaptocarbonyl rhodium complex resulted in a highly selective and active catalyst precursor for the hydroformylation of 1-heptene in the liquid phase. Elemental analysis and photoelectron spectroscopy of the fresh and used samples revealed that some metal leaching occurs during the reaction, this being mainly confined to the outer layers of the solid particles. This observation, together with the high selectivity towards linear aldehydes, makes SiO2-modified γ-zirconium phosphate a good support candidate for immobilised Rh catalysts. Spectroscopic data obtained from the crystalline precursor and also from the amorphous catalyst showed that the interaction between the rhodium complex and the acid support was achieved ia hydrogen bonds, forming NH groups.
Conséquence d'un mauvais remplissage sur l'encrassement de cellules ohmiques. (2003)

In: 8ième colloque PROSETIA, Maison de l'Agriculture de Rennes, Rennes, 19-20 Mars 2003, pp.30-35.<br/>In: 8ième colloque PROSETIA, Maison de l'Agriculture de Rennes, Rennes, 19-20 Mars 2003, pp.30-35.
Supplementary Table 1 from Epigenetics Markers of Metastasis and HPV-Induced Tumorigenesis in Penile Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. Patient details for A) Fresh Frozen test cohort and B) archival validation cohort&lt;/p&gt;
Evaluation of Cardiac Tumors in Children by Electron-Beam Computed Tomography Rhabdomyoma and Fibroma (2005)

Background The most common cardiac tumors in young children are rhabdomyoma and fibroma, and prognosis depends on the tumor's characteristics. In the present study electron-beam computed tomography (EBT) was used to evaluate tumor characteristics and myocardial perfusion in 6 children with cardiac tumors. Methods and Results Five children had rhabdomyomas and 1 had a fibroma. In the precontrast study, the computed tomography numbers of rhabdomyomas were higher and those of the fibroma were slightly lower than those of the normal myocardium. In the early postcontrast study, the size, location, shape and number of the tumor were clearly detected, and in the late postcontrast study, the fibrous characteristics of the tumor were seen. The fibroma contained calcification and 2 rhabdomyomas contained a fat density spot. In the cine-mode study, both the tumor and ventricular wall motion could be simultaneously evaluated. There was a filling defect of the left ventricular myocardium on the early postcontrast scan of 1 child with a rhabdomyoma and dyskinetic wall motion at the same region in the cine-mode study. Conclusion EBT was useful for evaluating tumor characteristics in children. (Circ J 2005; 69: 1352 - 1356)
Fetal gene therapy (1996)

Miyanohara. A.. Yee. J-K. Bouic. K. et al. (1995) Efficient m vivo transduction of the neonatal mouse liver with pseudotyped retroviral vectors. Gene Then, 2, 138-142. Peault. B.. Tirouvanziam. R.. Sombardier. M.-N. el al. (1994) Gene transfer to human fetal pulmonary tissue developed in immunodeficient SCID mice. Hum. Gene Then. 5, 1131-1137. Pin. B.R.. Schwarz, M.A.. Pilewski. J.M. et al. (1995) Retroviral-mediated gene transfer in lungs of living fetal sheep. Gene Ther. 2, 344-350. Sekhon, H.S. and Larson. J.E. (1995) In utero gene transfer into the pulmonary epithelium. Nature Med., 1, 1201-1203. Tizzano, E.F.. Chitayat, D.. and Buchwald, M. (1993) Cell-specific localization of CFTR mRNA shows developmentally regulated expression in human fetal tissues. Hum. Mot. Genet., 2, 219-224. Trezise. A.E.O., Chambers, J.A., Wardle, C.J. et al. (1993) Expression of the cystic fibrosis gene in human foetal tissues. Hum. Mol. Genet., 2, 213—218. Vincent, M.C., Trapnell, B.C.. Baughman, R.P. et al. (1995) Adenovirusmediated gene transfer to the respiratory tract of fetal sheep in utero. Hum. Gene Then. 6, 1019-1028. Wivel, N.A. and Walters, L. (1993) Germ-line gene modification and disease prevention: some medical and ethical perspectives. Science, 262, 533—538. Zeitlin, P.L., Chu, S., McVeigh, U. et al. (1995) Alveolar stem cell transduction by an adeno-associated viral vector. Gene Then, 2, 623—631.
Virtual Data Augmentation: A Robust and General Framework for Fine-tuning Pre-trained Models (2021)

Recent works have shown that powerful pretrained language models (PLM) can be fooled by small perturbations or intentional attacks. To solve this issue, various data augmentation techniques are proposed to improve the robustness of PLMs. However, it is still challenging to augment semantically relevant examples with sufficient diversity. In this work, we present Virtual Data Augmentation (VDA), a general framework for robustly fine-tuning PLMs. Based on the original token embeddings, we construct a multinomial mixture for augmenting virtual data embeddings, where a masked language model guarantees the semantic relevance and the Gaussian noise provides the augmentation diversity. Furthermore, a regularized training strategy is proposed to balance the two aspects. Extensive experiments on six datasets show that our approach is able to improve the robustness of PLMs and alleviate the performance degradation under adversarial attacks. Our codes and data are publicly available at https://github.com/ RUCAIBox/VDA.
Applications of data mining in retail business (2004)

The proliferation of computer in today's dynamic business environment has increased the demand and urgency of successful business organization to be able to react rapidly to the changing market demands both locally and globally, by utilizing the latest data mining techniques of extracting previously unknown and potentially useful information from vast resources of raw data. We highlight the application of data mining in retail business, and its pros and cons on consumers.
Ethylene Tetramerization Catalysis: Effects of Aluminum-Induced Isomerization of PNP to PPN Ligands (2017)

Diphosphinoamines (PNP) are commonly used to support Cr-catalyzed ethylene trimerization and tetramerization. Although isomerization of PNP to a PPN (iminobisphosphine) species has been established, such reactivity has not been studied in detail in the context of Cr-based selective ethylene oligomerization catalysis. Herein, we show that precursors that are stable as PNP frameworks can isomerize to PPN species in the presence of chlorinated aluminum activators relevant to ethylene oligomerization catalysis. Isomerization changes the pattern of reactivity of the ligands, making them more susceptible to nucleophilic attack by alkyl groups, resulting in a variety of degradation products. The isomerization-mediated degradation of PNP ligands leads to the formation of unwanted polymerization catalysts in ethylene tetramerization systems, thus providing insight into the formation of Cr species that affect the overall selectivity and activity values. For example, independently prepared [R_2PNR]^— leads to potent Cr polymerization catalysts. The susceptibility for isomerization is dependent on the nature of the N-substituent of the PNP precursor. Electron donating N-substituent i-Pr, which disfavors the PPN isomer compared to p-tolyl, and minimization of water contamination correlate with higher oligomerization activity and lower polymer byproducts. More broadly, the present study demonstrates the significant impact that Al-activators can have on the structure and behavior of the supporting ligand leading to detrimental reactivity.
MRI/PET multimodal imaging of the innate immune response in skeletal muscle and draining lymph node post vaccination in rats (2023)

The goal of this study was to utilize a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging approach to assess the local innate immune response in skeletal muscle and draining lymph node following vaccination in rats using two different vaccine platforms (AS01 adjuvanted protein and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulated Self-Amplifying mRNA (SAM)). MRI and <sup>18</sup>FDG PET imaging were performed temporally at baseline, 4, 24, 48, and 72 hr post Prime and Prime-Boost vaccination in hindlimb with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) gB and pentamer proteins formulated with AS01, LNP encapsulated CMV gB protein-encoding SAM (CMV SAM), AS01 or with LNP carrier controls. Both CMV AS01 and CMV SAM resulted in a rapid MRI and PET signal enhancement in hindlimb muscles and draining popliteal lymph node reflecting innate and possibly adaptive immune response. MRI signal enhancement and total <sup>18</sup>FDG uptake observed in the hindlimb was greater in the CMV SAM vs CMV AS01 group (↑2.3 - 4.3-fold in AUC) and the MRI signal enhancement peak and duration were temporally shifted right in the CMV SAM group following both Prime and Prime-Boost administration. While cytokine profiles were similar among groups, there was good temporal correlation only between IL-6, IL-13, and MRI/PET endpoints. Imaging mass cytometry was performed on lymph node sections at 72 hr post Prime and Prime-Boost vaccination to characterize the innate and adaptive immune cell signatures. Cell proximity analysis indicated that each follicular dendritic cell interacted with more follicular B cells in the CMV AS01 than in the CMV SAM group, supporting the stronger humoral immune response observed in the CMV AS01 group. A strong correlation between lymph node MRI T2 value and nearest-neighbor analysis of follicular dendritic cell and follicular B cells was observed (r=0.808, P<0.01). These data suggest that spatiotemporal imaging data together with AI/ML approaches may help establish whether <i>in vivo</i> imaging biomarkers can predict local and systemic immune responses following vaccination.
Estimating Covariances of Locally Stationary Processes : Rates of Convergence of Best Basis Methods (1998)

Mallat, Papanicolaou and Zhang [MPZ98] recently proposed a method for approximating the covariance of a locally stationary process by a covariance which is diagonal in a specially constructed Coifman--Meyer basis of cosine packets. In this paper we extend this approach to estimating the covariance from sampled data. Our method combines both wavelet shrinkage and cosine-packet best-basis selection in a simple and natural way. The resulting algorithm is fast and automatic. The method has an interpretation as a nonlinear, adaptive form of anisotropic timefrequency smoothing. We introduce a new class of locally stationary processes which exhibits a form of inhomogeneous nonstationarity; our processes have covariances which typically change little from row to row, but might occasionally change abruptly. We study performance in an asymptotic setting involving triangular arrays of processes which are becoming increasingly stationary, and are able to prove rates of convergence results for our...
Anti‐slip/slid re‐adhesion control based on disturbance observer considering bogie vibration (2010)

Abstract In order to suppress slip/skid phenomena, we have already proposed an anti‐slip/skid re‐adhesion control system based on a disturbance observer, and have confirmed that this system drives the train with a high adhesion force utilization ratio. However, this system does not consider vibration in the actual bogie dynamics of electric commuter trains, even though tangential force estimation is affected by bogie vibration. Hence, the drive control system cannot determine the appropriate motor torque reference, and sometimes reduces the adhesion force utilization ratio. This paper proposes a new anti‐slip/skid re‐adhesion control system based on a disturbance observer considering the first resonant frequency of the bogie system. In order to confirm the performance of the proposed anti‐slip/skid re‐adhesion control system, the system was tested by numerical simulation. This paper presents the results of a numerical simulation using a 4M1C motor car model, which has a sensorless vector control system. The proposed disturbance observer is found to be effective in suppressing the vibration of the estimated tangential force. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed adhesion control method has excellent performance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(2): 37–46, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20974
A novel approach to soft-mask estimation and Log-Spectral enhancement for robust speech recognition (2012)

This paper describes a technique for enhancing the Mel-filtered log spectra of noisy speech, with application to noise robust speech recognition. We first compute an SNR-based soft-decision mask in the Mel-spectral domain as an indicator of speech presence. Then, we exploit the known time-frequency correlation of speech by treating this mask as an image, and performing median filtering and blurring to remove the outliers and to smooth the decision regions. This mask constitutes a set of multiplicative coefficients (ranging in [0,1]) that are used to discard the unreliable parts of the Mel-filtered log-spectrum of noisy speech. Finally, we apply Log-Spectral Flooring [1] on the liftered spectra of both clean and noisy speech so as to match their respective dynamic ranges and to emphasize the information in the spectral peaks. The noisy MFCCs computed on these modified log-spectra show an increased similarity with their corresponding clean MFCCs. Evaluation on the Aurora-2 corpus shows that the proposed approach competes with state-of-the-art front-ends, like ETSI-AFE, MVA or PNCC.
Nucleotide‐mediated calcium signaling in rat cortical astrocytes: Role of P2X and P2Y receptors (2003)

ATP is the dominant messenger for astrocyte-to-astrocyte calcium-mediated communication. Definition of the exact ATP/P2 receptors in astrocytes and of their coupling to intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) has important implications for brain physiology and pathology. We show that, with the only exception of the P2X(6) receptor, primary rat cortical astrocytes express all cloned ligand-gated P2X (i.e., P2X(1-5) and P2X(7)) and G-protein-coupled P2Y receptors (i.e., P2Y(1), P2Y(2), P2Y(4), P2Y(6), and P2Y(12)). These cells also express the P2Y-like UDP-glucose receptor, which has been recently recognized as the P2Y(14) receptor. Single-cell image analysis showed that only some of these receptors are coupled to [Ca(2+)](i). While ATP induced rapid and transient [Ca(2+)](i) increases (counteracted by the P2 antagonists suramin, pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2'-4'-disulfonic acid and oxidized ATP), the P2X(1)/P2X(3) agonist alphabetameATP produced no changes. Conversely, the P2X(7) agonist BzATP markedly increased [Ca(2+)](i); the presence and function of the P2X(7) receptor was also confirmed by the formation of the P2X(7) pore. ADP and 2meSADP also produced [Ca(2+)](i) increases antagonized by the P2Y(1) antagonist MRS2179. Some cells also responded to UTP but not to UDP. Significant responses to sugar-nucleotides were also detected, which represents the first functional response reported for the putative P2Y(14) receptor in a native system. Based on agonist preference of known P2 receptors, we conclude that, in rat astrocytes, ATP-induced calcium rises are at least mediated by P2X(7) and P2Y(1) receptors; additional receptors (i.e., P2X(2), P2X(4), P2X(5), P2Y(2), P2Y(4), and P2Y(14)) may also contribute.
Portunes: analyzing multi-domain insider threats (2010)

The insider threat is an important problem in securing information systems. Skilful insiders use attack vectors that yield the greatest chance of success, and thus do not limit themselves to a restricted set of attacks. They may use access rights to the facility where the system of interest resides, as well as existing relationships with employees. To secure a system, security professionals should therefore consider attacks that include non-digital aspects such as key sharing or exploiting trust relationships among employees. In this paper, we present Portunes, a framework for security design and audit, which incorporates three security domains: (1) the security of the computer system itself (the digital domain), (2) the security of the location where the system is deployed (the physical domain) and (3) the security awareness of the employees that use the system (the social domain). The framework consists of a model, a formal language and a logic. It allows security professionals to formally model elements from the three domains in a single framework, and to analyze possible attack scenarios. The logic enables formal specification of the attack scenarios in terms of state and transition properties.
Vacuum-evaporable spin-crossover complexes: physicochemical properties in the crystalline bulk and in thin films deposited from the gas phase (2015)

Vacuum-evaporable Fe(<sc>ii</sc>) complexes exhibit greatly different spin-crossover behaviour in thin films deposited from the gas phase and the crystalline bulk.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Main Group Element Clusters with Tin‐Phosphorus, Tin‐Arsenic, and Germanium‐Phosphorus Skeletons (2004)

Abstract The reaction of i Pr 3 SiPLi 2 with SnCl 2 in the mol ratio 1:1 leads to the formation of [Sn 7 (PSi i Pr 3 ) 7 ] ( 1 ). The cluster [Sn 8 (PSi i Pr 3 ) 6 Cl 2 ] ( 3 ) is obtained, if the same reaction is carried out with a slight excess of the metal salt. Similar lithium chloride elimination reactions between SnCl 2 and i Pr 3 SiAsLi 2 in the mol ratio 1:1 and 2:3, however, yield [Sn 7 (AsSi i Pr 3 ) 7 ] ( 2 ) and [Sn 4 (AsSi i Pr 3 ) 6 Li 4 (Et 2 O) 2 ] ( 4 ), respectively. The metal salt GeCl 2 (diox) 2 (diox = 1,4‐dioxane) reacts with i Pr 3 SiPLi 2 to give [Ge 6 (PSi i Pr 3 ) 6 ] ( 5 ). Compounds 1 − 5 were characterised by NMR and IR spectroscopic techniques as well as elemental analysis. The crystal structures were identified by X‐ray diffraction analysis, which confirmed that the heptameric skeletons of 1 and 2 are structurally analogous. The Sn/P cluster 3 contains subvalent tin atoms, while 4 forms a Sn 4 As 6 Li 4 rhombododecahedron and 5 a slightly distorted hexagonal prism. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Sulfamides. (2010)

Abstract In connection with efforts concerning the synthesis of potential FKBP‐12 inhibitors in which the known ketoamide linker is replaced by sulfamide, various target compounds are prepared.
Treatment and Prevention of Lyme Disease, with Emphasis on Antimicrobial Therapy for Neuroborreliosis and Vaccination (1997)

Antibiotic therapy is recommended for all forms of neuroborreliosis. Although stage 2 neuroborreliosis will usually resolve without any treatment, antibiotic therapy has been associated with faster resolution of symptoms and may prevent additional non-neurologic disease manifestations. Ceftriaxone is the most convenient parenteral agent for stage 2 and 3 neuroborreliosis because of its once-daily dosage. Available data indicate that a 2-4-week treatment course is adequate for most patients. Patients with isolated seventh nerve palsy may be treated with an oral agent (for example, doxycycline). Recombinant outer surface protein A of Borrelia burgdorferi is a highly protective immunogen for prevention of Lyme disease in experimental animals. Humoral immunity is sufficient for protection. A recombinant OspA vaccine has been licensed for prevention of Lyme disease in dogs. Licensure of an OspA vaccine for humans will depend on a critical analysis of the results of recently completed efficacy studies.
Dual Regulation of MMP-2 Expression by the Type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor (2004)

The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 has been recognized as a major mediator of basement membrane degradation, angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis. The factors that regulate its expression have not, however, been fully elucidated. We previously identified the type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) receptor as a regulator of MMP-2 synthesis. The objective of the present study was to investigate the signal transduction pathway(s) mediating this regulation. We show here that in Lewis lung carcinoma subline H-59 cells treated with IGF-I (10 ng/ml), the PI 3-kinase (phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase) /protein kinase B (Akt) and C-Raf/ERK pathways were activated, and MMP-2 promoter activity, mRNA, and protein synthesis were induced. MMP-2 induction was blocked by the PI 3-kinase inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin, by overexpression of a dominant-negative Akt or wild-type PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), and by rapamycin. In contrast, a MEK inhibitor PD98059 failed to reduce MMP-2 promoter activation and actually increased MMP-2 mRNA and protein synthesis by up to 30%. Interestingly, suppression of PI 3-kinase signaling by a dominant-negative Akt enhanced ERK activity in cells stimulated with 10 ng/ml but not with 100 ng/ml IGF-I. Furthermore, at the higher (100 ng/ml) IGF-I concentration, C-Raf and ERK, but not PI 3-kinase activation, was enhanced, and this resulted in down-regulation of MMP-2 synthesis. This effect was reversed in cells expressing a dominant-negative ERK mutant. The results suggest that IGF-I can up-regulate MMP-2 synthesis via PI 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR (the mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling while concomitantly transmitting a negative regulatory signal via the Raf/ERK pathway. The outcome of IGF-IR (the receptor for IGF-I) activation may ultimately depend on factors, such as ligand bioavailability, that can shift the balance preferentially toward one pathway or the other.