gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Donor strand complementation mechanism in the biogenesis of non‐pilus systems (2002)

The F1 antigen of Yersinia pestis belongs to a class of non-pilus adhesins assembled via a classical chaperone-usher pathway. Such pathways consist of PapD-like chaperones that bind subunits and pilot them to the outer membrane usher, where they are assembled into surface structures. In a recombinant Escherichia coli model system, chaperone-subunit (Caf1M:Caf1n) complexes accumulate in the periplasm. Three independent methods showed that these complexes are rod- or coil-shaped linear arrays of Caf1 subunits capped at one end by a single copy of Caf1M chaperone. Deletion and point mutagenesis identified an N-terminal donor strand region of Caf1 that was essential for polymerization in vitro, in the periplasm and at the cell surface, but not for chaperone-subunit interaction. Partial protease digestion of periplasmic complexes revealed that this region becomes buried upon formation of Caf1:Caf1 contacts. These results show that, despite the capsule-like appearance of F1 antigen, the basic structure is assembled as a linear array of subunits held together by intersubunit donor strand complementation. This example shows that strikingly different architectures can be achieved by the same general principle of donor strand complementation and suggests that a similar basic polymer organization will be shared by all surface structures assembled by classical chaperone-usher pathways.
On-Treatment Improvement of MELD Score Reduces Death and Hepatic Events in Patients With Hepatitis B-Related Cirrhosis (2018)

On-treatment improvement of MELD score correlates with reduced risk of mortality and hepatic events in cirrhotic CHB patients.
Nonaqueous Electrochemistry of 1-Hydroxy-9,10-Anthraquinone and Its Conjugate Base (1971)

The electrochemical behaviors of l‐hydroxy‐9,10‐anthraquinone (HOAQ) and its conjugate base have been compared in DMF and acetonitrile solvents, HOAQ is reduced in two one‐electron steps to stable anion radical and dianion, while reduces in a single two‐electron wave accompanied by a monoprotonation reaction. Addition of phenol as proton source to DMF solutions of forms a heteroconjugate acid‐base dimer, . This complex is reduced at a potential intermediate between that of HOAQ and , and interpretation of its reaction includes consideration of concomitant formation of homoconjugate dimer. The conjugate base is oxidizable by a one‐electron reaction which is followed by rapid hydrogen atom abstraction to yield HOAQ as product. Combined thin‐ layer spectroelectrochemical and coulometric measurements form an important supplement to the conventional electroanalytical methods used in this study.
Alcaloïdes des Annonacées XLIX1: alcaloïdes d'Isolona hexaloba, I zenkeri et I. pilosa (1984)

From ISOLONA HEXALOBA, I. ZENKERI and I. PILOSA, thirteen alkaloids have been isolated. Four of them are bisbenzylisoquinolines, the other ones are proaporphines or aporphines. Two aporphines, zenkerine, 9, and isopiline, 13, are new. Their structures have been established by examination of their spectral data and preparation of derivatives.
Measurement laser complex for reproduction and transfer of the size of the length unit in the great lengths area (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows.Measurement laser complex comprises: (a) a reference measurement laser system of Razmer type; (b) a long-range laser phase motion meter of IPL-FD type. The size of the length unit reproduced by measurement laser system of Razmer type certificated by the working standard of the length unit VETU-1-1-93 is transferred to the long-range (about 5000 m) motion meter of IPL-FD type by comparison of them on the linear interference comparator ILK-25. The long-range laser motion meter IPL-FD is based on a wave length measure, which is realized by means of a stabilized laser radiation generator working in the regime of generation of two longitudinal modes. It is experimentally stated that instrumental error of this range-finder does not exceed 0.17 mm and when the correspondent measurement technique is applied the error can be reduced to 0.05 mm.
A quantum encryption design featuring confusion, diffusion, and mode of operation (2021)

Quantum cryptography-the application of quantum information processing and quantum computing techniques to cryptography has been extensively investigated. Two major directions of quantum cryptography are quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum encryption, with the former focusing on secure key distribution and the latter focusing on encryption using quantum algorithms. In contrast to the success of the QKD, the development of quantum encryption algorithms is limited to designs of mostly one-time pads (OTP) that are unsuitable for most communication needs. In this work we propose a non-OTP quantum encryption design utilizing a quantum state creation process to encrypt messages. As essentially a non-OTP quantum block cipher the method stands out against existing methods with the following features: 1. complex key-ciphertext relation (i.e. confusion) and complex plaintext-ciphertext relation (i.e. diffusion); 2. mode of operation design for practical encryption on multiple blocks. These features provide key reusability and protection against eavesdropping and standard cryptanalytic attacks.
E-193 Cellular responses to flow diverters in a tissue-engineered aneurysm (2020)

<h3>Background and Objective</h3> Notwithstanding the widespread implementation of flow diverters (FDs) in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, the exact mechanism of action of these devices remains elusive. The aim of this study is to advance the understanding of cellular responses to FD implantation using a 3D tissue engineered in vitro aneurysm model. <h3>Methods</h3> Aneurysm-like blood vessel mimics (aBVMs) were constructed by first electrospinning polycaprolactone nanofibers on desired aneurysm-like geometries to create scaffolds. After conditioning, aBVMs were mounted into sterile bioreactor chambers and incubated with a cell culture media under steady state flow. Then aBVMs were sodded with human carotid smooth muscle cells (SMCs) followed by endothelial cells (ECs). Then, appropriately sized FDs (Pipeline Embolic Device, Medtronic, CA) were deployed in the parent vessel of aBVMs under fluoroscopic guidance, covering the neck. AVBMs with implanted flow diverters were cultivated for 7, 14 or 28 days (n=3 for each time point). En face immunofluorescence imaging of the aBVMs was performed for EC and SMC markers. The cell coverage in the neck was measured semi-quantitatively. <h3>Results</h3> The mean diameter of the parent vessel of aBVMs was 4.50 mm. The mean neck diameter, width, and height were 6 mm, 5.0 mm, 5.0 mm, respectively. The device segment in the parent artery was completely endothelialized at 7 days. The majority of device struts, but not the pores between struts, at the parent artery and the neck interface were partially covered with ECs and SMCs. The device struts in the middle of the neck were lacking cell coverage. At 14 days, histology verified that a neointimal lining like human tissue had formed coverage. Translucent tissue islands partially covering both the struts and pores in the center of the neck were observed. Almost the entire necks of aBVMs were covered with translucent neointimal layer at 28 days. A higher degree of cellular coverage was seen on the struts and pores at the neck at 28 days compared to both 7 and 14 days. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Implantation of FDs in the tissue engineered aneurysm model simulates the cellular responses demonstrated in the experimental rabbit model. ABVMs would be a valuable alternative tool for evaluating the healing mechanisms of endovascular aneurysm devices. <h3>Disclosures</h3> <b>W. Liu:</b> None. <b>D. Ding:</b> None. <b>Y. Ding:</b> None. <b>K. Temnyk:</b> None. <b>T. Shen:</b> None. <b>K. O’Halloran Cardinal:</b> None. <b>D. Kallmes:</b> None. <b>R. Kadirvel:</b> 1; C; NIH grant# NS076491.
New 3-DOFs Hybrid Mechanism for Ankle and Wrist of Humanoid Robot: Modeling, Simulation, and Experiments (2011)

This paper deals with the design of a new class of hybrid mechanism dedicated to humanoid robotics application. Since the designing and control of humanoid robots are still open questions, we propose the use of a new class of mechanisms in order to face several challenges that are mainly the compactness and the high power to mass ratio. Human ankle and wrist joints can be considered more compact with the highest power capacity and the lowest weight. The very important role played by these joints during locomotion or manipulation tasks makes their design and control essential to achieve a robust full size humanoid robot. The analysis of all existing humanoid robots shows that classical solutions (serial or parallel) leading to bulky and heavy structures are usually used. To face these drawbacks and get a slender humanoid robot, a novel three degrees of freedom hybrid mechanism achieved with serial and parallel substructures with a minimal number of moving parts is proposed. This hybrid mechanism that is able to achieve pitch, yaw, and roll movements can be actuated either hydraulically or electrically. For the parallel submechanism, the power transmission is achieved, thanks to cables, which allow the alignment of actuators along the shin or the forearm main axes. Hence, the proposed solution fulfills the requirements induced by both geometrical, power transmission, and biomechanics (range of motion) constraints. All stages including kinematic modeling, mechanical design, and experimentation using the HYDROïD humanoid robot’s ankle mechanism are given in order to demonstrate the novelty and the efficiency of the proposed solution.
The Principle of Justifiable Granularity and an Optimization of Information Granularity Allocation as Fundamentals of Granular Computing (2011)

Granular Computing has emerged as a unified and coherent framework of designing, processing, and interpretation of information granules. Information granules are formalized within various frameworks such as sets (interval mathematics), fuzzy sets, rough sets, shadowed sets, probabilities (probability density functions), to name several the most visible approaches. In spite of the apparent diversity of the existing formalisms, there are some underlying commonalities articulated in terms of the fundamentals, algorithmic developments and ensuing application domains. In this study, we introduce two pivotal concepts: a principle of justifiable granularity and a method of an optimal information allocation where information granularity is regarded as an important design asset. We show that these two concepts are relevant to various formal setups of information granularity and offer constructs supporting the design of information granules and their processing. A suite of applied studies is focused on knowledge management in which case we identify several key categories of schemes present there.
The use of glycerol and cooking oil in masonry unit production (2015)

This paper presents an investigation into the development of a novel glycerol-bound masonry unit and the use of a multi-parameter mathematical modelling technique in evaluating the possibility to reduce the amount of sample produced with a comparable result obtained. Initially, an experimental optimisation was carried out to identify the best performance sample in term of compressive strength. The binder used for this stage is the blend of clean cooking oil and pure glycerol incorporating with secondary aggregates include incinerator bottom ash and pulverised fuel ash. Additional samples were made using natural aggregates and waste binders (waste cooking oil and waste glycerol) to evaluate their performance in relation to masonry products found in the UK in terms of compressive strength and water absorption properties. These properties are good indicators of overall performance of masonry units. In addition, modelling techniques were also used to evaluate the laboratory testing strategy to suggest the reduction in number of samples being produced in future experimental studies. Results from the study demonstrated that the novel masonry units could be produced with properties that were at least equivalent to those of currently used in the UK and modelling technique could reduce up to 90% of sample for the problem with three parameters.
TIPS with Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene–Covered Stent: Results of an Italian Multicenter Study (2005)

The Viatorr stent-graft is safe and effective in TIPS creation, with high primary patency rates. Covering the entire track up to the inferior vena cava can increase patency.
ChemInform Abstract: HIGH‐FIELD PROTON NMR STUDY OF THE AGGREGATION AND COMPLEXATION OF N‐BUTYLLITHIUM IN TETRAHYDROFURAN (1985)

Abstract Butyllithium existiert in THF als ein Tetrameres im Gleichgewicht mit einem Dimeren, dabei steigt der Anteil des Dimeren mit sinkender Temperatur.
Utilization of Immersive Collaborative Student Laboratory Simulations Developed Using a Game Engine (2006)

Recently, commercial game engines and the associated software development kits have reached a level of maturity where it becomes feasible to rapidly and efficiently develop and deploy software for generating virtual environments. This paper will discuss the various possible ways of developing interactive multiplayer simulations for student laboratory instruction and professional training. Instead of developing software from the ground up, an existing commercial game engine and its corresponding software development kit (SDK) can be used as development tools for building such educational content. In doing so, the developers can take advantage of the game engines' advanced methods for generating animated graphics, simulating physical interactions between 3D objects, as well as facilitating multiplayer dynamics. Based on this approach, various usage scenarios can be developed cost-effectively. These can then be explored by the students or trainees in an inherently safe and immersive manner. Furthermore, the educational content can be tailored to address the students' different learning modalities. A number of predefined scenarios can be constructed, which exercise the students' problem solving skills by mimicking typical problems that might occur when carrying out actual hands-on experiments. In addition, the experimental scripts imbedded within the system allow one to monitor - and possibly even enforce - active participation and collaboration by all students of a laboratory group, which are considered two crucial factors in improving learning. This multi-disciplinary research is being carried out at Stevens Institute of Technology (SIT) with funding from a multi-year grant by the National Science Foundation's Information Technology Research program.
Performance enhancements in next generation wireless networks using network coding : a case study in WiMAX (2012)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Toltrazuil and Its Major Metabolites after Oral Administration in Broilers (2013)

Toltrazuril is a symmetrical tiazinetrione compound. It is active against all intracellular developmental stages including those of schizogony and gametogony. In this study the disposition kinetics of toltrazuril (TZR) and its major metabolites (TZR-SO and TZR-SO2) in broiler chickens after single oral administrations of 10 or 20 mg/kg were investigated. Mean plasma concentrations of TZR peaked at 16.4 and 25.2 μg/mL at 5.0 and 4.7 h after dosing, respectively. TZR was converted to the short-lived intermediary metabolite toltrazuril sulfoxide (TZR-SO), and then further metabolized to the reactive toltrazuril sulfone (TZR-SO2) being actually more slow eliminated with 80.3 and 82.9 h than TZR (10.6 and 10.7 h) or TZR-SO (14.8 and 15.3 h) in low and high dosing groups, respectively. Prolonged elimination half-life of TZR-SO2 could be interpreted as the persistent clinical efficacy of TZR in the treatment of protozoal parasites infection.
Studies on the Preparation of Polystyrene Thermal Conductivity Composites (2010)

Various thermally conductive fillers including aluminum oxide(Al2O3), magnesium oxide(MgO), β-silicon carbide particle(β-SiCp) and β-silicon carbide whisker(β-SiCw) were used to prepare polystyrene thermal conductivity composites. Experimental results showed that, for given filler loading, the thermal conductivity of the composites was higher for PS flake than that of PS particle, and the thermal conductivity was optimal by powder blending method. The SiCw filler was more favorable to improve the thermal conductivity of the composites; a much higher thermal conductivity of 1.18 W/mK could be achieved for the composite with 40 vol% SiCw, about six times higher than that of native polystyrene. The experimental thermal conductivity values were in agreement with those predicted by lower bound of Maxwell-Eueken model. For given SiC loading, the thermal conductivity increased with the increasing shape parameter of n. The SiCw was much easier to form the thermal conductivity chains and network than that of SiCp.
RSSI–CSI Measurement and Variation Mitigation With Commodity Wi-Fi Device (2022)

Owing to the plentiful information released by the commodity devices, Wi-Fi signals have been widely studied for various wireless sensing applications. In many works, both received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and the channel state information (CSI) are utilized as the key factors for precise sensing. However, the calculation and relationship between RSSI and CSI is not explained in detail. Furthermore, there are few works focusing on the measurement variation of the Wi-Fi signal which impacts the sensing results. In this article, the relationship between RSSI and CSI is studied in detail and the measurement variation of amplitude and phase information is investigated by extensive experiments. In the experiments, the transmitter and receiver are directly connected by power divider and RF cables and the signal transmission is quantitatively controlled by RF attenuators. By changing the intensity of attenuation, the measurement of RSSI and CSI is carried out under different conditions. From the results, it is found that in order to get a reliable measurement of the signal amplitude and phase by commodity Wi-Fi, the attenuation of the channels should not exceed 60 dB. Meanwhile, the difference between two channels should be lower than 10 dB. An active control mechanism is suggested to ensure the measurement stability. The findings and criteria of this work is promising to facilitate more precise sensing technologies with Wi-Fi signal.
A Cross‐Metathesis–Conjugate Addition Route to Enantiopure γ‐Butyrolactams and γ‐Lactones from a C2‐Symmetric Precursor (2011)

Abstract A protected derivative of (3 R ,4 R )‐hexa‐1,5‐diene‐3,4‐diol, a conveniently accessible C 2 ‐symmetric building block, undergoes single or double cross metathesis with methyl acrylate. The cross metathesis products are amenable to stereoselective conjugate addition reactions and can be converted into either γ‐butyrolactones or γ‐lactams.
Auxin homeostasis during lateral root development under drought condition (2009)

Lateral root formation is a critical agronomic trait in plant architecture that determines crop productivity and environmental stress adaptability. It is therefore tightly regulated both by intrinsic developmental cues, such as abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin, and by diverse environmental growth conditions, including water deficit and high salinity in the soil. We have recently reported that an Arabidopsis R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, MYB96, regulates lateral root meristem activation under drought conditions via an ABA-auxin signaling crosstalk. In this signaling scheme, the MYB96-mediated ABA signals are incorporated into an auxin signaling pathway that involves a subset of GH3 gene encoding auxin-conjugating enzymes. The MYB96-overexpressing, activation tagging mutant, which is featured by having dwarfed growth and reduced lateral root formation, exhibits an enhanced drought resistance. In the mutant, expression of the GH3 genes was significantly elevated, which is consistent with the reduced lateral root formation. In contrast, the MYB96-deficient knockout mutant produced more lateral roots and was more susceptible to drought stress. Our observations strongly support that MYB96 is a molecular link that integrates ABA and auxin signals in modulating auxin homeostasis during lateral root development, particularly under water deficit conditions. It is also envisioned that the MYB96-mediated signals are related with pathogen resistance response, which is also profoundly affected by water content in plant cells.
Sequences of Take-It-or-Leave-It Offers: Near-Optimal Auctions Without Full Valuation Revelation (2005)

We introduce take-it-or-leave-it auctions (TLAs) as an allocation mechanism that allows buyers to retain much of their private valuation information, yet generates close-to-optimal expected utility for the seller. We show that if each buyer receives at most one oﬀer, each buyer’s dominant strategy is to act truthfully. In more general TLAs, the buyers’ optimal strategies are more intricate, and we derive the perfect Bayesian equilibrium for the game. We develop algorithms for ﬁnding the equilibrium and also for optimizing the oﬀers so as to maximize the seller’s expected utility. In several example settings we show that the seller’s expected utility already is close to optimal for a small number of oﬀers. As the number of buyers increases, the seller’s expected utility increases, and becomes increasingly (but not monotonically) more competitive with Myerson’s expected utility maximizing auction.
Methamphetamine Enhances Cryptococcus neoformans Pulmonary Infection and Dissemination to the Brain (2013)

Methamphetamine (METH) is a major health threat to our society, as it adversely changes people's behavior, as well as increases the risk for the acquisition of diverse infectious diseases, particularly those that enter through the respiratory tract or skin. This report investigates the effects of METH use on pulmonary infection by the AIDS-related fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. This drug of abuse stimulates colonization and biofilm formation in the lungs, followed by dissemination of the fungus to the central nervous system. Notably, C. neoformans modifies its capsular polysaccharide after METH exposure, highlighting the fungus's ability to adapt to environmental stimuli, a possible explanation for its pathogenesis. The findings may translate into new knowledge and development of therapeutic and public health strategies to deal with the devastating complications of METH abuse.