gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Benchmark Comparison of CAD 5-Axis Machining Packages (2004)

In this paper, parts from Ford GT were machined based on tool path created using Curvature Matched Machining and three other popular CAD systems. Five-axis flat end mill methods are used as the baseline of comparison. The performance of these CAD packages was compared using the benchmark of tool path density, surface finish, and post-machining finishing time. Results show that CM2 has advantage over today’s leading CAM capability in terms of both machining efficiency and tool path computation time.
Schizophrenia, 3rd ed (2012)

Article AbstractBecause this piece does not have an abstract, we have provided for your benefit the first 3 sentences of the full text. This large and comprehensive compendium of research and clinical findings pertaining to schizophrenia represents the contributions of a total of 71 coauthors, including the 2 editors, in a total of 33 chapters (7 new, and 11 replaced since the previous edition), covering virtually every aspect of the topic. The contributing authors and editors constitute an international list of "who's who" in contemporary schizophrenia research. The original leadership of this massive undertaking was provided by my expatriate medical school classmate, Professor Steven Hirsch, MD, of London, whose position as co-editor is continued by Professor Paul Harrison of Oxford University.
COMPORTAMENTO DE GENÓTIPOS DE ABACAXIZEIRO RESISTENTES À FUSARIOSE EM COMPARAÇÃO A CULTIVARES COMERCIAIS SUSCETÍVEIS (2015)

A fusariose é a doença mais severa na cultura do abacaxi no Brasil, e as cultivares mais plantadas, ‘Pérola’ e ‘Smoth Cayenne’, são suscetíveis, com perdas estimadas em 30 a 40% dos frutos. O uso de genótipos resistentes à doença abre grande perspectiva para a solução do problema. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, em experimento de campo, o potencial produtivo, as características das plantas e a qualidade de frutos de novos híbridos deabacaxi resistentes à fusariose: EC-105, EC-93, cv. BRS Vitória e cv. BRS Imperial, comparando o desempenho destes genótipos com as cultivares ‘Pérola’, ‘Smooth Cayenne’ e ‘Gold (MD-2)’, suscetíveis à doença. O delineamento experimental foi o em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. A cv. BRS Imperial apresenta características importantes de qualidade de fruto, com maiores valores de SS e ratio. A cv. BRS Vitória reúne características favoráveis, como massa de frutos semelhante à da ‘Pérola’, reduzido diâmetro do eixo central do fruto, baixos índices de aderência de mudas “filhote” ao fruto e de tombamento de frutos, e boa produção de mudas aproveitáveis. Os demais híbridos resistentes à fusariose apresentam características negativas que limitam sua recomendação como cultivar comercial.
Coordinated expression of acetyl CoA synthetase and the ace operon enzymes in Escherichia coli in preparation for adaptation to acetate (2022)

Successful adaptation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> to constant environmental challenges demands the operation of a wide range of regulatory control mechanisms, some of which are global, while others are specific. Here, we show that the ability of acetate-negative phenotype strains of <i>E. coli</i> devoid of acetate kinase (AK) and phosphotransacetylase (PTA) to assimilate acetate when challenged at the end of growth on acetogenic substrates is explicable by the co-expression of acetyl CoA-synthetase (AcCoA-S) and acetate permease (AP). Furthermore, mRNA transcript measurements for <i>acs and aceA</i>, together with the enzymatic activities of their corresponding enzymes, acetyl CoA synthetase (AcCoA-S) and isocitrate lyase (ICL), clearly demonstrate that the expression of the two enzymes is inextricably linked and triggered in response to growth rate threshold signal (0.4 h<sup>-1</sup>± 0.03: n4). Interestingly, further restriction of carbon supply to the level of starvation led to the repression of <i>acs</i> (AcCoA-S), <i>ackA</i> (AK) and <i>pta</i> (PTA). Further, we provide evidence that the reaction sequence catalysed by PTA, AK and AcCoA-S is not in operation at low growth rates and that the reaction catalysed by AcCoA-S is not merely an ATP-dissipating reaction but rather advantageous, as it elevates the available free energy (Δ<i>G</i>°) in central metabolism. Moreover, the transcriptomic data reinforce the view that the expression of PEP carboxykinase is essential in gluconeogenic phenotypes.
Expression of the IGF System in Normal and Diabetic Transgenic (mRen-2)27 Rat Eye (2005)

In the diabetic (mRen-2)27 rat, IGFBP-6 is downregulated and IGFBP-5 is upregulated by induction of diabetes. Because these IGFBPs may respectively have IGF-enhancing and IGF-inhibitory effects, these findings suggest a possible net IGF-enhancing effect induced by diabetes, providing further evidence for a role of the IGF system in the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Valency and Structure of Iridium in Anodic Iridium Oxide Films (1993)

The valence of iridium in anodic iridium oxide films has been determined by x‐ray absorption spectroscopy and varies between 3.0 and 4.8 in a voltammogram cycle. When the valency starts to increase the first coordination shell around an iridium ion begins to shrink from 0.203 at to 0.191 nm at . At the same time a strong spread in the interatomic distances in this shell is observed. Our data give support to the model proposed by Kötz et al. for the charge exchange reaction during a voltammogram cycle.
Point-of-Interest Recommendation for Location Promotion in Location-Based Social Networks (2017)

With the wide application of location-based social networks (LBSNs), point-of-interest (POI) recommendation has become one of the major services in LBSNs. The behaviors of users in LBSNs are mainly checking in POIs, and these checking-in behaviors are influenced by user's behavior habits and his/her friends. In social networks, social influence is often used to help businesses to attract more users. Each target user has a different influence on different POI in social networks. This paper selects the list of POIs with the greatest influence for recommending users. Our goals are to satisfy the target user's service need, and simultaneously to promote businesses' locations (POIs). This paper defines a POI recommendation problem for location promotion. Additionally, we use submodular properties to solve the optimization problem. At last, this paper conducted a comprehensive performance evaluation for our method using two real LBSN datasets. Experimental results show that our proposed method achieves significantly superior POI recommendations comparing with other state-of-the-art recommendation approaches in terms of location promotion.
Biochemical and immunological characterization of the major structural proteins of feline immunodeficiency virus (1990)

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) structural proteins were identified using sera obtained from experimentally inoculated cats. Proteins analysed by both radioimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting were specific for FIV infection and failed to cross-react with either antisera to feline leukaemia virus of feline syncytium-forming virus. Western blot analysis of purified virus revealed immunoreactive proteins with apparent Mr of 65K, 50K, 40K, 32K, 24K, 15K and 10K. The major core structural proteins of the virus were isolated by reverse phase HPLC and the aminoterminal sequences of p10 and p24 were determined. Monoclonal antibodies specific for p24 suggested the presence of a precursor protein that could be detected in 35[S]methionine/cysteine-labelled, virus-infected cell extracts. This putative precursor protein possessed an apparent Mr of 50K (Pr50gag). Further analysis revealed the presence of two additional proteins of 130K and 40K. Experiments utilizing tunicamycin, endoglycosidase H and glycopeptidase F revealed that p130 and p40 exhibited properties characteristic of glycoproteins. Our studies also indicated that FIV is immunologically related to other lentiviruses.
Oasis Digital Signature Services: Digital Signing without the Headaches (2006)

Digital signatures have yet to obtain widespread adoption--not least because key management can be burdensome and often requires the use of special smart-card devices to ensure the keys' security. To face these issues and simplify digital signature use, the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards is developing the Digital Signature Services standard to let administrators control the application of signatures on an organizational basis through network-based servers rather than individually allocating, managing, and securing keys.
Drilling in Bone: Modeling Heat Generation and Temperature Distribution (2003)

Thermo-mechanical equations were developed from machining theory to predict heat generation due to drilling and were coupled with a heat transfer FEM simulation to predict the temperature rise and thermal injury in bone during a drilling operation. The rotational speed, feed rate, drill geometry and bone material properties were varied in a parametric analysis to determine the importance of each on temperature rise and therefore on thermal damage. It was found that drill speed, feed rate and drill diameter had the most significant thermal impact while changes in drill helix angle, point angle and bone thermal properties had relatively little effect.
Biased Opioid Ligands (2020)

Achieving effective pain management is one of the major challenges associated with modern day medicine. Opioids, such as morphine, have been the reference treatment for moderate to severe acute pain not excluding chronic pain modalities. Opioids act through the opioid receptors, the family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate pain relief through both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Four types of opioid receptors have been described, including the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), κ-opioid receptor (KOR), δ-opioid receptor (DOR), and the nociceptin opioid peptide receptor (NOP receptor). Despite the proven success of opioids in treating pain, there are still some inherent limitations. All clinically approved MOR analgesics are associated with adverse effects, which include tolerance, dependence, addiction, constipation, and respiratory depression. On the other hand, KOR selective analgesics have found limited clinical utility because they cause sedation, anxiety, dysphoria, and hallucinations. DOR agonists have also been investigated but they have a tendency to cause convulsions. Ligands targeting NOP receptor have been reported in the preclinical literature to be useful as spinal analgesics and as entities against substance abuse disorders while mixed MOR/NOP receptor agonists are useful as analgesics. Ultimately, the goal of opioid-related drug development has always been to design and synthesize derivatives that are equally or more potent than morphine but most importantly are devoid of the dangerous residual side effects and abuse potential. One proposed strategy is to take advantage of biased agonism, in which distinct downstream pathways can be activated by different molecules working through the exact same receptor. It has been proposed that ligands not recruiting β-arrestin 2 or showing a preference for activating a specific G-protein mediated signal transduction pathway will function as safer analgesic across all opioid subtypes. This review will focus on the design and the pharmacological outcomes of biased ligands at the opioid receptors, aiming at achieving functional selectivity.
An Improved Intragastric Balloon Procedure Using a New Balloon: Preliminary Analysis of Safety and Efficiency (2008)

Preliminary data suggest that the procedure with the new balloon comes forth as a safe and effective alternative to the treatment of weight loss in patients with appropriate indication of use.
Enzymology of monoterpene functionalization in glandular trichomes (2018)

The plant kingdom supports an extraordinary chemical diversity, with terpenoids representing a particularly diversified class of secondary (or specialized) metabolites. Volatile and semi-volatile terpenoids in the C10-C20 range are often formed in specialized cell types and secretory structures. In the angiosperm lineage, glandular trichomes play an important role in enabling the biosynthesis and storage (or in some cases secretion) of functionalized terpenoids. The 'decoration' of a terpenoid scaffold with functional groups changes its physical and chemical properties, and can therefore affect the perception of a specific metabolite by other organisms. Because of the ecological implications (e.g. plant-herbivore interactions) and commercial relevance (e.g. volatiles used in the flavor and fragrance industries), terpenoid functionalization has been researched extensively. Recent successes in the cloning and functional evaluation of genes as well as the structural and biochemical characterization of enzyme catalysts have laid the foundation for an improved understanding of how pathways toward functionalized monoterpenes may have evolved. In this review, we will focus on an up-to-date account of functionalization reactions present in glandular trichomes.
Syntheses of penicillin N, [6 α-3H]penicillin N and [10-14C,6 α-3H]penicillin N (1980)

1. Penicillin N was synthesized by coupling alpha-amino-alpha-p-nitrobenzyl-N-p-nitro-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-adipate with 6-aminopenicillanic acid benzyl ester, followed by removal of the protecting groups through hydrogenolysis. 2. alpha-Amino-alpha-p-nitrobenzyl-N-p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl-D-[5-14C]adipate was prepared by treating alpha-p-nitrobenzyl-N-p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl-D-glutamic acid with [14C]diazomethane followed by rearrangement with silver trifluoromethanesulphonate. 3. Coupling of alpha-amino-alpha-p-nitrobenzyl-N-p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl-D-[5-14C]adipate with 6-aminopenicillanic acid benzyl ester gave triprotected [10-14C]penicillin N. 4. 3H was introduced at C-6 of the Schiff's base derivative (10) by oxidation followed by reduction with NaB3H4. 5. The so-derived (6 alpha-3H)-labelled Schiff's base was hydrolysed to give 6-amino [6 alpha-3H]penicillanic acid benzyl ester p-toluenesulphonic acid salt, which after coupling as the free amine with alpha-amino-alpha-p-nitrobenzyl-N-pnitrobenzyloxycarbonyl-D-adipate and then hydrogenolysis, yielded [6alpha-3H]penicillin N. 6. Triprotected [10-14C]penicillin N and triprotected [6alpha-3H]penicillin N in admixture were hydrogenolysed to give [10-14C,6alpha-3H]penicillin N.
Using Deep Machine Learning to Conduct Object-Based Identification and Motion Detection on Safeguards Video Surveillance (2018)

Video surveillance is one of the core monitoring technologies used by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Department of Safeguards at safeguarded nuclear facilities worldwide. Current IAEA image-review software has functions for scene-change detection, black image detection and missing scene analysis, but their capabilities are not optimum. The current workflow for the detection of safeguards relevant events heavily depends on inspectors’ laborious visual examination of surveillance videos, which is a time-consuming process and prone to errors. To improve the accuracy of the process and reduce inspectors’ burden, the paper proposes using deep machine learning to detect objects of interest in video streams and to conduct object-based motion detection. The hypothesis of this work is that deep machine learning will reduce the burden on inspectors and reduce errors by automatically locating and identifying objects of interest in video streams. Objects of interest include casks and fuel assemblies that are typically monitored by inspectors. The algorithm being developed in this work is based on a computationally efficient deep machine learning algorithm – You Only Look Once (YOLO) – but is further devised to address specific challenges related to the operation of nuclear facilities. The developed model (which is called YOLO-NSG – YOLO for Nuclear Safeguards) is evaluated with data sets collected at the test facilities at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The initial focus of the research is for application at safeguarded nuclear reactors, such as pressurized heavy-water reactors, where video surveillance is broadly deployed, but can be extended to other use cases of nuclear safeguards. The detailed structure of YOLO-NSG model is introduced and the test results are reported in the paper.
Validation of nested PCR and a selective biochemical method as alternatives for mycoplasma detection (2010)

Direct culture is the most common way to reliably detect mycoplasma, but it is not practical for the qualitative control of cell therapeutics because of the elaborate culture medium, the prolonged incubation time, and the large sample volumes. Here, we chose two alternative methods using commercial detection kits, the PCR mycoplasma detection kit with nested PCR and the selective biochemical method, MycoAlert(®), and validated them with the direct culture method as a reference. We tested eight mycoplasma species and five validation parameters: specificity, detection limit, robustness, repeatability, and ruggedness, based on the regulatory guidelines in the US Pharmacopoeia. All experiments were performed using fibroblasts spiked with mycoplasma. Specificity tests for both methods included all mycoplasma species, except Mycoplasma pneumonia and M. genitalium for the nested PCR and Ureaplasma urealyticum for the MycoAlert(®) assay. Regarding the detection limit, the nested PCR proved to be as sensitive as the direct culture method and more sensitive than the MycoAlert(®) assay. The predicted median for probit = 0.9 was 54 (44-76) CFU/ml for M. hyorhinis and 16 (13-23) CFU/ml for M. hominis by the nested PCR, but 431 (346-593) CFU/ml and 105 (87-142) CFU/ml, respectively, with MycoAlert(®). Changes in the concentration of reagents, reagent lot, or individual analysts did not influence the results of the examined methods. The results of this study support nested PCR as a valuable alternative for mycoplasma detection.
Genetic Markers in Primates: Pedigree Patterns of a Breeding Group of Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvana Linnaeus, 1758) (1981)

The genotypes of 48 barbary macaques were determined with respect to four diallelic systems: ABO blood groups, transferrin, soluble glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and pancreatic amylase. Paternity tests were performed for 32 offspring of 13 (14) females from an established breeding group which contained 3 sexually mature males.
Giant Near-90° Coupling in Epitaxial CoFe/Mn/CoFe Sandwich Structures (1995)

Trilayer samples of CoFe/Mn/CoFe(001) have been prepared by molecular beam epitaxy and investigated by magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). Very strong near-90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} coupling (up to 2.5 ergs/c${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$) between the CoFe layers, with no evidence for 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} coupling, was found in all but the thickest Mn-layer samples. The field dependence of the magnetization requires that the coupling energy have the algebraic form ${F}_{c}{\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}C}_{+}({\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{2}{)}^{2}{+C}_{\ensuremath{-}}({\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{2}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}{)}^{2}$ suggested recently for antiferromagnetic interlayers. The observed angular dependence of both the acoustic and optical FMR modes found can be described by this model.
Design and Fabrication of a Passive 1-D Morphing Aircraft Skin (2008)

Broad-scale area change of a non-porous surface while maintaining resistance to aerodynamic loading was demonstrated through the development of a passive elastomeric composite morphing skin. The combined system includes an elastomer-fiber-composite surface layer that is supported by a flexible honeycomb structure, each of which exhibit a near-zero major axis Poisson's ratio. A number of elastomers, composite arrangements, and substructure configurations were evaluated and systematic characterization testing led to the selection of the most appropriate components for prototype development. The complete prototype morphing skin demonstrated 100% uniaxial extension accompanied by a 100% increase in surface area. Results from out-of-plane pressure loading showed that out-of- plane deflection of less than 0.1-in can be maintained at various levels of area change under pressures of up to 200 psf. Applications to wing span morphing UAVs are also discussed.
The implementation of electronic health knowledge management systems in a district health board: Respect and Protect (2005)

This paper describes the implementation of a suite of Electronic Clinical Health Knowledge Management Systems in a New Zealand District Health Board. The implementation team utilized an action research framework, actively reflecting on each sub-stage of the project, and then utilising key learnings from these reflections, in combination with available related literature, to plan for the next implementation stage. A brief overview of key implementation issues/learning and ethical challenges will be presented. The paper will highlight the importance of a systemic shared culture that 'Respects and Protects' Health Knowledge. The Use of I-Mail as a reflection tool, and perceived links between Action Research and individual and group psychological processes will also be discussed.
ATF4 Is a Mediator of the Nutrient-sensing Response Pathway That Activates the Human Asparagine Synthetase Gene (2002)

Transcription from the asparagine synthetase (A.S.) gene is increased in response to either amino acid (amino acid response) or glucose (endoplasmic reticulum stress response) deprivation. These two independent pathways converge on the same set of genomic cis-elements within the A.S. promoter referred to as nutrient-sensing response elements (NSRE) 1 and 2, both of which are necessary for gene activation. The NSRE-1 sequence was used to screen ATF/CREB family members by electrophoresis mobility shift assays and supershift by specific antibodies. The results indicated that ATF4 binds to the NSRE-1 sequence and that the amount of the ATF4 complex was increased when extracts from amino acid-deprived or glucose-deprived cells were tested. Using electrophoresis mobility shift assay experiments and a probe that contained both NSRE-1 and NSRE-2, mutation of the NSRE-1 sequence completely prevented formation of the ATF4-containing complexes, whereas mutation of the NSRE-2 sequence did not. Overexpression of ATF4 increased A.S. promoter-driven transcription, whereas an inhibitory dominant negative ATF4 mutant blocked both basal and starvation-enhanced transcription. Collectively, the results provide both in vitro and in vivo evidence for a role of ATF4 in the transcriptional activation of the A.S. gene in response to nutrient deprivation.