gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of NuMA in the interphase nucleus (1998)

NuMA is an essential protein for the formation of spindle poles in mitosis. During interphase, NuMA is transported into the nucleus where it resides until prometaphase of the next mitotic cycle. We tested for a potential function of NuMA in interphase nuclei that were assembled from human sperm DNA using frog egg extract immunodepleted of NuMA. Despite the absence of NuMA, nuclei formed without visible changes of the chromatin structure, surrounded by an intact nuclear membrane containing pores and nuclear lamins. These nuclei were fully competent to import nuclear substrates and to replicate their DNA. By screening tissue sections of various organs, absence of NuMA from the nucleus was observed in a number of cell types, including sperm, granulocytes in the blood, and differentiated smooth and skeletal muscle fibers. Experiments on cultured myoblasts indicated that NuMA is degraded during muscle cell differentiation. The absence of NuMA in interphase nuclei of the tissues tested correlated with a non-spherical, elongated or beaded nuclear morphology, suggesting that during interphase NuMA may act as a non-essential nucleoskeletal element.
Studies on the Physico-chemical Properties of Aluminum Soaps. VI (1964)

Intrinsic viscosity of a mixture of aluminum-distearate and either aluminum-monostearate or stearic acid was measured in benzene. By the addition of a small quantity of either monosoap or stearic acid to disoap, [ηN] decreased suddenly similar to that of the synthesized soaps, which were reported in a previous paper, but the values of [ηN] were found higher than that of synthesized one. The actions of monosoap and stearic acid to the disoap were compared with those of ethyl alcohol, octadecyl alcohol, p-toluidine and acetic acid. Each of additives was heated with aluminum-distearate in benzene, and the viscosity of this solution was measured at various concentrations of the additives in different heating period. Monosoap and alcohol made the viscosity lower monotonously, as the concentration of the additives was increased and heating period of time was lengthened. With stearic acid, the viscosity was increased at a low concentration in a short period of heating time, but it decreased with an increase of the concentration and the heating period of time. Monosoap and stearic acid, similar to the other additives, were found to depolymerize disoap polymer by the coordination. An increase of viscosity by the addition of stearic acid was considered to explaine by the formation of disoap from monosoap and stearic acid and by the coordinate bond between two oxygen atoms of stearic acid and two aluminum atoms and hence the chain was made longer.
Alkaloids and Saponins in Dietary Supplements of Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) (2008)

Preparations of blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) have been used traditionally by Native Americans for medicinal purposes. Dietary supplements containing dried roots or extracts of blue cohosh rhizomes are available as dietary supplements. The safety and efficacy of these preparations have not been systematically evaluated. Recent studies indicate that ingestion of specific alkaloids in blue cohosh preparations can produce birth defects and neonatal heart failure. Blue cohosh also contains saponins, which may be responsible for uterine-stimulating effects. We determined the amounts of major alkaloids and saponins in preparations of blue cohosh by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Alkaloids and saponins were monitored with a photodiode array detector and an evaporative light-scattering detector, respectively. Profiles were compared with those of authenticated blue cohosh root extracts. Identities of the alkaloids and saponins were confirmed by HPLC/mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Calculations based on the results of analyses of dietary supplements showed that maximum daily intake of alkaloids and saponins will vary with the form (e.g., root, liquid extract) and doses recommended in product labeling. Intakes may vary from < 1 to 75 mg/day for alkaloids and from about 9 to 420 mg/day for saponins.
A Novel and Efficient Darzens Reaction Catalyzed by Magnesium Bromide. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Detection of DNA double‐strand breaks by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (2016)

A DNA double-strand break (DSB) is one of the most cytotoxic DNA lesions because unrepaired DSBs cause chromosomal aberrations and cell death. Although many physiological DSBs occur at DNA replication sites, the molecular mechanisms underlying this remain poorly understood. There was therefore a need to develop a highly specific method to detect DSB fragments containing DNA replication sites. Here we investigated whether pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) combined with visualization of DNA replication sites by immunoblotting using halogenized deoxyuridines, such as BrdU and IdU, was sufficient for this detection. Our methodology enabled us to reproduce previously reported data. In addition, this methodology was also applied to the detection of bacterial infection-induced DSBs on human chromosomal DNA. Based on our findings, we propose that this strategy combining PFGE with immunoblot analysis will be applicable to studies analyzing the mechanistic details of DNA repair, the DNA damage response and the activity of DNA-damaging agents.
Genetic Characterization and Evolutionary Implications of a car Gene Cluster in the Carbazole Degrader Pseudomonas sp. Strain CA10 (2001)

The nucleotide sequences of the 27,939-bp-long upstream and 9,448-bp-long downstream regions of the carAaAaBaBbCAc(ORF7)Ad genes of carbazole-degrading Pseudomonas sp. strain CA10 were determined. Thirty-two open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, and the car gene cluster was consequently revealed to consist of 10 genes (carAaAaBaBbCAcAdDFE) encoding the enzymes for the three-step conversion of carbazole to anthranilate and the degradation of 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate. The high identities (68 to 83%) with the enzymes involved in 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid degradation were observed only for CarFE. This observation, together with the fact that two ORFs are inserted between carD and carFE, makes it quite likely that the carFE genes were recruited from another locus. In the 21-kb region upstream from carAa, aromatic-ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase genes (ORF26, ORF27, and ORF28) were found. Inductive expression in carbazole-grown cells and the results of homology searching indicate that these genes encode the anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase involved in carbazole degradation. Therefore, these ORFs were designated antABC. Four homologous insertion sequences, IS5car1 to IS5car4, were identified in the neighboring regions of car and ant genes. IS5car2 and IS5car3 constituted the putative composite transposon containing antABC. One-ended transposition of IS5car2 together with the 5' portion of antA into the region immediately upstream of carAa had resulted in the formation of IS5car1 and ORF9. In addition to the insertion sequence-dependent recombination, gene duplications and presumed gene fusion were observed. In conclusion, through the above gene rearrangement, the novel genetic structure of the car gene cluster has been constructed. In addition, it was also revealed that the car and ant gene clusters are located on the megaplasmid pCAR1.
A theoretical study of electron-cyclotron absorption in ELMO Bumpy Torus (1980)

The basic features of microwave propagation and electron-cyclotron damping in ELMO Bumpy Torus (EBT) devices are investigated to provide an understanding of the heating of the toroidal core plasma component. The characteristics of microwave propagation in EBT geometry, where there is strong variation of along field lines, are described and contrast is made with the electron-cyclotron heating (ECH) of tokamaks. Linear cyclotron damping calculations are presented for plasmas having parameters typical of EBT-I and parameters projected for EBT-II. It is shown that the extraordinary mode is completely absorbed near the fundamental cyclotron resonance when propagating from the high-magnetic-field side (mirror throat). For EBT-I parameters, heating by the ordinary mode at the fundamental cyclotron resonance and by both modes at the second-harmonic resonance is negligible. For projected EBT-II parameters, the ordinary mode is heavily damped at the fundamental and the extraordinary mode is heavily damped at the second harmonic. Since the right-hand cut-off prevents injected extraordinary-mode energy from propagating to the cyclotron resonance, a mechanism must exist outside of geometrical optics by which the extraordinary mode reaches resonance. It is argued that this mechanism is the conversion of ordinary-mode energy to extraordinary mode in the high-field region upon wall reflection.
High Gain EBG Resonator Antenna (2005)

This paper describes how it is possible to increase the radiation bandwidth and the gain of a classical planar EBG antenna. Those two parameters are relative to the EBG material but also to the excitation, this second characteristic is studied here. The principle is to excite the EBG structure with several sources (instead of a single one classically). The performances depend on the number of sources and their spacing. Directivity and radiation bandwidth can be increased dramatically with few sources
Effects of Diet on the Biochemical Properties of Limulus Amebocyte Lysate From Horseshoe Crabs in an Aquaculture Setting (2020)

The Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) isolated from cells in the horseshoe crab (HSC) hemolymph is a critical resource for global biomedical and pharmaceutical quality control and sterility testing. Given the necessity of and limitations associated with wild capture, a conservational approach to LAL harvesting would benefit the medical community that relies on the raw material while helping ensure species viability. We posited that aquaculture and year-round collection represented a sustainable alternative for the production of LAL from a finite HSC cohort, thereby averting the impact of current practices on wild populations. Given the specter of captivity diseases linked to diet, such as panhypoproteinemia, this work, at the outset, focused on optimizing a feed formulation to ensure animal vitality. In turn, each preparation required evaluation with respect to effects on LAL as well as vital HSC health markers so as to meet or exceed industry requirements and establish a new supply chain paradigm. In this controlled husbandry study, we conducted three 8-week feeding trials and demonstrated a ~7-fold LAL reactivity range among the HSC feed groups. Relative protein abundance patterns of HSC amebocyte clotting factors (i.e. Factor C, Factor B, and proclotting enzyme) were influenced by diet in particular, and the up-regulation of specific LAL factors correlated with enhanced activity. These results also cite the discovery that coagulation Factor C, the LPS-sensitive serine protease proenzyme, may be a phosphoprotein.
Adaptive Laboratory Evolution as a Means To Generate Lactococcus lactis Strains with Improved Thermotolerance and Ability To Autolyze (2021)

Lactococcus lactis subsp. <i>lactis</i> (referred to here as L. lactis) is a model lactic acid bacterium and one of the main constituents of the mesophilic cheese starter used for producing soft or semihard cheeses. Most dairy L. lactis strains grow optimally at around 30°C and are not particularly well adapted to the elevated temperatures (37 to 39°C) to which they are often exposed during cheese production. To overcome this challenge, we used adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) in milk, using a setup where the temperature was gradually increased over time, and isolated two evolved strains (RD01 and RD07) better able to tolerate high growth temperatures. One of these, strain RD07, was isolated after 1.5 years of evolution (400 generations) and efficiently acidified milk at 41°C, which has not been reported for industrial L. lactis strains until now. Moreover, RD07 appeared to autolyze 2 to 3 times faster than its parent strain, which is another highly desired property of dairy lactococci and rarely observed in the L. lactis subspecies used in this study. Model cheese trials indicated that RD07 could potentially accelerate cheese ripening. Transcriptomics analysis revealed the potential underlying causes responsible for the enhanced growth at high temperatures for the mutants. These included downregulation of the pleiotropic transcription factor CodY and overexpression of genes, which most likely lowered the guanidine nucleotide pool. Cheese trials at ARLA Foods using RD01 blended with the commercial Flora Danica starter culture, including a 39.5°C cooking step, revealed better acidification and flavor formation than the pure starter culture. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> In commercial mesophilic starter cultures, L. lactis is generally more thermotolerant than Lactococcus cremoris, whereas <i>L. cremoris</i> is more prone to autolysis, which is the key to flavor and aroma formation. In this study, we found that adaptation to higher thermotolerance can improve autolysis. Using whole-genome sequencing and RNA sequencing, we attempt to determine the underlying reason for the observed behavior. In terms of dairy applications, there are obvious advantages associated with using L. lactis strains with high thermotolerance, as these are less affected by curd cooking, which generally hampers the performance of the mesophilic starter. Cheese ripening, the costliest part of cheese manufacturing, can be reduced using autolytic strains. Thus, the solution presented here could simplify starter cultures, make the cheese manufacturing process more efficient, and enable novel types of harder cheese variants.
Synthesen in der Bicyclo‐[1.2.2]‐heptan‐Reihe. Darstellung von Nortricyclen‐carbonsäuren (1960)

Abstract Die Dien‐Synthese der Tiglinsäure mit Cyclopentadien stellt einen weiteren Fall von exo ‐Addition dar. Die aus den Addukten und ihren Hydrierungsprodukten durch Reduktion mit Lithiumalanat erhaltenen Alkohole werden beschrieben. – Bei der Hydrolyse der Addukte aus halogenierten Acrylsäuren und Cyclopentadien entstehen neben einfachen Hydroxysäuren Verbindungen, die zu zwei isomeren Nortricyclen‐monocarbonsäuren führen.
DSP utilization in digital color printing (2005)

This article discusses the utilization of DSP techniques to digital printing systems, particularly in transforming multidimensional signals from electronic to hardcopy formats by utilizing digital printing solutions and controlling the "marking" engine that is at the heart of the electrophotographic system. Researchers and DSP practitioners are urged to share their vision on the novel use of signal processing algorithms to analyze, manipulate, and solve problems related to high-end digital printing.
Titanium‐Mediated [4 + 1] Assembly of 1,3‐Dienes and Nitriles: Formation of 3‐Cyclopentenyl Amines and Cyclopentenones. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lack of association of transthyretin variations with spinocerebellar ataxia in north Indian population (2014)

Background & Objective: Transthyretin (TTR) has been associated with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) by several independent case reports. Coexistence of TTR and SCA mutations, overlapping clinical symptoms as well as altered levels of TTR in SCA patients suggest a correlation between TTR and SCA. To our knowledge, no large cohort based study has been attempted to examine the association of SCA with polymorphism in TTR gene. Here, we chose to investigate TTR variations in SCA patients (n=266) and controls (n=192) of North Indian ethnicity. Methods: We sequenced the exons including exon-intron boundaries of TTR gene in 55 patients and 55 controls. We observed four variations which were further genotyped by single base extension method (SNaPshot) in a larger cohort (SCA patients n=211 and controls n=137). Results: A novel synonymous variation c.372 C>G in exon 4 was detected in heterozygous condition in one control sample. We found nominal association for rs1800458 (Gly6Ser), with SCA (p-value < 0.05) which did not remain after Bonferroni correction for multiple tests. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis revealed no LD between studied SNPs. Further, we employed two-marker sliding window analysis and observed a weak association of haplotype AT of rs1800458 and rs1667251 with SCA patients (p-value <0.05) which was not retained after Bonferroni correction. Conclusion: Our data suggests no association of genetic variations of TTR in SCA pathology.
Cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene). A Tetracationic Multipurpose Receptor (1988)

The salt 1ṁ4PF6·3CH3CN is a new type of host molecule, which shows similarities to zeolites but is constructed from organic and inorganic ions. The macrocyclic tetracation 1 can be prepared in two steps from bipyridine and 1,4-bis(bromomethyl)benzene. Calculations and X-ray crystallography showed the tetracation to have a box-like structure in which the p-phenylene and paraquat units are slightly bent. The PF-salt of 1 is soluble in organic solvents, the Cl⊖ salt in water. 1·4PF6 in acetonitrile forms weak inclusion complexes with dimethoxybenzenes, which are stabilized by charge-transfer interactions. Structural studies of the inclusion complexes show that the electron-rich guest molecules are located in the cavities (2); because of the stapling of the alternating tetraction and anion/neutral molecule layers these cavities take the form of channels.
Commercial Gas Sensing with Vertical Cavity Lasers (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. E. Paige, "Commercial Gas Sensing with Vertical Cavity Lasers," in Advanced Semiconductor Lasers and Their Applications, L. Hollberg and R. Lang, eds., Vol. 31 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper 141. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Effect of Integration of Scramjet into Airframe on Engine Performance and Payload (2002)

There are three typical configurations for integrating the scramjet into the airframe of aerospace planes: 1) The whole engine is on the windward ramp surface of the airframe. 2) The engine is located downstream of the forebody ramp where the surface of the airframe is parallel to the airframe axis. 3) The inlet entrance is on the ramp surface with the following engine parts parallel to the airframe axis. To examine the effects of integration on the engine performance, several types of the inlet models were tested in a wind tunnel, and simulations of the scramjet engine and the flight of the aerospace plane were conducted. The experimental results showed that the first and the third configurations showed better mass capture. In the second configuration, the precompression effect was neutralized by the expansion fan from the corner of the downstream end of the ramp. All configurations showed similar levels for kinetic energy efficiency. The simulation based on the experimental results showed that the third configuration produced the best engine thrust and the least airframe drag. In the second configuration, however, the engine could not produce sufficient thrust. Thus, it is recommended that the inlet should be located on the windward ramp surface of the vehicle to capture the precompressed air and the following engine components should be parallel to the airframe axis to reduce the cowl drag and to increase the thrust of the external nozzle.
Peptide capillary zone electrophoresis mass spectrometry of recombinant human erythropoietin: An evaluation of the analytical method (1998)

An evaluation of capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CZE-MS) as an analytical methodology for the separation and characterization of complex glycopeptides and nonglycopeptide structures has been performed. The evaluation employed endoproteinase V8 digested recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) that was further fractionated by reverse phase chromatography. The peptides were subjected to sequence analysis and evaluated by capillary electrophoresis, with or without mass detection, for peptide purity. The peptide mass determined from the sequence was then compared to the mass obtained from CZE-MS. Glycosylation sites and carbohydrate branch patterns were easily determined, site specific microheterogeneity (either O-acetylation of N-acetylneuraminic acids or lactosamine extensions of the carbohydrate chain length) was assessed directly, glycosylation site occupancy was evaluated qualitatively, and nonglycopeptides were resolved and analyzed on-line with ease. Incomplete peptide digestion products were detected and identified by CZE-MS. Protein sequence coverage by CZE-MS was 98.2 percent complete from a single map. Off-line evaluation of peptide purity by CZE greatly aided the interpretation of multiple sequence analysis and, in validating that, the CZE-MS was detecting all peptides present. All off-line CZE and on-line CZE-MS experiments employed a capillary that was dynamically coated with Polybrene in the presence of polyethylene glycol; separations were conducted in 0.67 M formic acid.
On the impact of injection schemes on transition in hypersonic boundary layers (2009)

Three geometries are explored for injecting CO 2 into the boundary layer of a sharp five degree half-angle cone.The impact of the injection geometry, namely discrete injection holes or a porous conical section, on tripping the boundary layer is examined, both with and without injected flow.The experiments are conducted at Caltech's T5 reflected shock tunnel.Two different air free-stream conditions are explored.For the discrete-hole injectors, the diameter for the injection holes is 0.76 mm nominally and the length to diameter ratio is about 30.One injector has a single row of holes and the other has four rows.With the 4-row geometry fully turbulent heat transfer values are measured within 5.5 centimeters of the last injection row for both free-stream conditions.The 1-row injector results on a reduction of more than 50% in the transition Reynolds number.The porous injector does not move the transition Reynolds number upstream by itself with no injection flow.