gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early detection of COPD patients in GOLD 0 population: an observational non-interventional cohort study - MARKO study (2017)

Clinicaltrial.gov NCT01550679 retrospectively registered February 28, 2012.
Pembrolizumab versus placebo after complete resection of high-risk stage III melanoma: New recurrence-free survival results from the EORTC 1325-MG/Keynote 054 double-blinded phase III trial at three-year median follow-up. (2020)

10000 Background: We conducted the phase 3 double-blind EORTC 1325/KEYNOTE-054 trial to evaluate pembrolizumab vs placebo in patients (pts) with resected high-risk stage III melanoma. Based on 351 recurrence-free survival (RFS) events and at a median follow-up of 1.25 years (yrs), pembrolizumab improved RFS (hazard ratio (HR) 0.57, P&lt;0.0001) as compared to placebo (Eggermont, NEJM 2018). This led to the approval of pembrolizumab adjuvant treatment by EMA and FDA. Methods: Eligible pts included those ≥18 yrs of age with complete resection of cutaneous melanoma metastatic to lymph node(s), classified as AJCC-7 stage IIIA (at least one lymph node metastasis &gt;1 mm), IIIB or IIIC (without in-transit metastasis). A total of 1019 pts were randomized (stratification by stage and region) to pembrolizumab at a flat dose of 200 mg (N=514) or placebo (N=505) every 3 weeks for a total of 18 doses (~1 year) or until disease recurrence or unacceptable toxicity. The 2 co-primary endpoints were RFS in the intention-to-treat overall population and in pts with PD-L1-positive tumors. Here, we report an updated RFS analysis based on a longer follow-up. Results: Overall, 15%/46%/39% of pts had stage IIIA/IIIB/IIIC. At 3.05-yr median follow-up, pembrolizumab (190 RFS events) compared with placebo (283 RFS events) prolonged RFS, in the overall population and in the PD-L1 positive tumor subgroup (see Table). RFS was consistently prolonged across subgroups, in particular according to AJCC-7 staging, BRAF-V600 E/K mutation status. Conclusions: Pembrolizumab, administered at 200 mg every 3 weeks for up to 1 year as adjuvant therapy, provided, at a 3-yr median follow-up, a sustained improvement in RFS, which was clinically meaningful, in resected high-risk stage III melanoma. This improvement was consistent across subgroups. In the overall population, the 3-yr cumulative incidence of distant metastasis being the first recurrence was 22.3% (pembrolizumab group) vs 37.3% (placebo group) (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.44-0.69). Clinical trial information: NCT02362594. [Table: see text]
Transfer technology for fabrication of flexible OTFT backplane (2011)

A new transfer technology to realize flexible organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) on a plastic substrate has been developed. The basic principle of the proposed method is that all the fabrication processes for the OTFT array on glass substrate have been completed, and the OTFT is then transferred onto the plastic film. A 5.8-inch diagonal wide-QQVGA OTFT array was fabricated using this technology. We confirmed that degree of substrate deformation with the proposed technology could be suppressed in comparison with that with conventional direct formation method, and also that no significant degradation in the electrical characteristics of the OTFT was observed as a result of the transfer process. It is thought that this will be a key technology for the fabrication of large flexible displays with TFT backplanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Easy and Efficient Heterogeneous Nucleophilic Fluorination without Solvent. (1989)

Abstract Alkyl halides and tosylates such as the bromides (Ia)‐(Id) are treated with cesium fluoride and an ammonium phase‐transfer catalyst or directly with tetrabutylammonium fluoride in the absence of solvents, producing satisfactory yields of the corresponding alkyl fluorides such as (IIa)‐(IId).
Nivolumab (NIVO) + ipilimumab (IPI) combination therapy in patients (pts) with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC): Results from CheckMate 040. (2019)

4012 Background: NIVO monotherapy (mono) is approved for sorafenib (SOR)-treated pts with HCC based on data from CheckMate 040 (NCT01658878), which reported an objective response rate (ORR) of 14% and median overall survival (mOS) of 16 months (mo). This is the first report of efficacy and safety of the NIVO + IPI combination in SOR-treated pts with aHCC. Methods: Pts were randomized to 3 arms: [A] NIVO 1 mg/kg + IPI 3 mg/kg Q3W (4 doses) or [B] NIVO 3 mg/kg + IPI 1 mg/kg Q3W (4 doses), each followed by NIVO 240 mg Q2W, or [C] NIVO 3 mg/kg Q2W + IPI 1 mg/kg Q6W. Treatment continued until intolerable toxicity or disease progression. Primary endpoints included safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints included ORR (BICR per RECIST v1.1), duration of response (DOR), disease control rate (DCR), and OS. Cutoff was 25 Sep 2018. Results: 148 SOR-treated pts were randomized. Minimum follow-up for OS from last pt randomization date to data cutoff was 24 mo. At baseline: 88% had vascular invasion or extrahepatic spread, 91% had BCLC stage C, 84% discontinued SOR due to disease progression and 14% due to toxicity. Overall, ORR was 31% (7 had a complete response [CR]) with a median DOR of 17 mo; DCR was 49% and 24-mo OS rate was 40%. Pts in arm A had a mOS of 23 mo and 4 pts had a CR. The table shows additional efficacy results by arm. Overall, NIVO + IPI was well tolerated; 37% of pts had a grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse event (TRAE; most common: pruritus and rash); 5% had grade 3–4 TRAEs leading to discontinuation. Conclusions: NIVO + IPI led to clinically meaningful responses and had an acceptable safety profile in SOR-treated pts, with an ORR twice that of NIVO mono (31% and 14%, respectively). Pts in arm A had the most promising mOS of 23 mo. Clinical trial information: NCT01658878. [Table: see text]
New approaches to the study of the evolution of physical and physiological dormancy, the two most common classes of seed dormancy on earth. (2003)

This paper discusses two approaches that could be used to increase knowledge of the evolutionary aspects of seed dormancy. It explains how seed (or fruit) anatomy, phylogenetic schemes and fossil evidence can be used to contribute to knowledge of the evolution of physical dormancy. It also suggests that detailed information on world biogeography of the five types of non-deep physiological dormancy (PD; based on the pattern of changes during dormancy break in temperature requirements for germination) could be used to help to resolve their origins and evolutionary relationships. To illustrate this approach, type 2 (i.e. seeds germinate first at high temperatures only and as dormancy break continues, the minimum temperature for germination decreases) is cited as an example.
MULTIRATE ASAHARDW- PARADIGM (1999)

Architecture and circuit design are the two most effective means of reducing power in CMOS VLSI. Mathematical manipulations, based on applying ideas from multirate signal processing have been applied to create high performance, low power architectures. To illustriite this approach, two case studies are presented - one wnm the design of a fast Fourier transforms(FFT) device, while the other one is concemed with the design of analog-to-digital converters.
Tungsten disulfide thin films via electrodeposition from a single source precursor (2021)

We report a simple process for the electrodeposition of tungsten disulfide thin films from a CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>-based electrolyte using a tailored single source precursor, [NEt<sub>4</sub>]<sub>2</sub>[WS<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub>]. This new precursor incorporates the 1 : 2 W<b> </b>:<b> </b>S ratio required for formation of WS<sub>2</sub>, and eliminates the need for an additional proton source in the electrolyte to remove excess sulfide. The electrochemical behaviour of [NEt<sub>4</sub>]<sub>2</sub>[WS<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub>] is studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance techniques, and the WS<sub>2</sub> thin films are grown by potentiostatic electrodeposition.
Structure of the Human Telomeric Stn1-Ten1 Capping Complex (2013)

The identification of the human homologue of the yeast CST in 2009 posed a new challenge in our understanding of the mechanism of telomere capping in higher eukaryotes. The high-resolution structure of the human Stn1-Ten1 (hStn1-Ten1) complex presented here reveals that hStn1 consists of an OB domain and tandem C-terminal wHTH motifs, while hTen1 consists of a single OB fold. Contacts between the OB domains facilitate formation of a complex that is strikingly similar to the replication protein A (RPA) and yeast Stn1-Ten1 (Ten1) complexes. The hStn1-Ten1 complex exhibits non-specific single-stranded DNA activity that is primarily dependent on hStn1. Cells expressing hStn1 mutants defective for dimerization with hTen1 display elongated telomeres and telomere defects associated with telomere uncapping, suggesting that the telomeric function of hCST is hTen1 dependent. Taken together the data presented here show that the structure of the hStn1-Ten1 subcomplex is conserved across species. Cell based assays indicate that hTen1 is critical for the telomeric function of hCST, both in telomere protection and downregulation of telomerase function.
Structural Characteristics of the Si Whiskers Grown by Ni-Metal-Induced-Lateral-Crystallization (2021)

Si whiskers grown by Ni-Metal-Induced-Lateral-Crystallization (Ni-MILC) were grown at 413 °C, intentionally below the threshold for Solid State Crystallization, which is 420 °C. These whiskers have significant common characteristics with whiskers grown by the Vapor Liquid Solid (VLS) method. The crystalline quality of the whiskers in both methods is the same. However, in VLS, a crystalline substrate is required, in contrast to the amorphous one in Ni-MILC for the growth of single crystalline whiskers. Moreover, whiskers grown by VLS have a polygonal cross-section with their diameter determined by the diameter of the hemispherical metallic catalysts. On the other hand, in the Ni-MILC, the cross-section of the whiskers depends on the size of the NiSi<sub>2</sub> grain from which they are emanated. This was confirmed by observing the crossing whiskers and the rotational Moiré patterns in the crossing area. The structure of disturbed short and thin nonlinear branches on the side-walls of the whiskers was studied. In the whiskers grown by the VLS method, significant contamination occurs by the metallic catalyst degrading the electrical characteristics of the whisker. Such Si whiskers are not compatible with the current CMOS process. Whiskers grown by Ni-MILC at 413 °C are also contaminated by Ni. However, the excess Ni is in the form of tetrahedral NiSi<sub>2</sub> inclusions which are coherent with the Si matrix due to the very low misfit of 0.4% between them. These whiskers are compatible with current CMOS process and Thin Film Transistors (TFTs).
Abstract 1850: Transcription factor E2F3 up-regulates the expression of Gadd45b gene in the mouse liver (2016)

Abstract Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible beta (GADD45b) plays an important role in many intracellular events, such as cell survival- and cell death-related signaling. In normal condition, Gadd45b is suppressed by the negative regulator, such as STAT3, however, when it induced by the PPARa agonist, Wy-14,643. Thus, we investigated the positive regulator of Gadd45b. Based on the Gadd45b-reporter assay, we assumed that E2Fs could regulate the Gadd45b. As results, E2F3 mRNA was induced only in the liver of Wy-14,643-treated mice. In addition, deletion of E2Fs consensus sequence in the Gadd45b reporter gene showed significant decrease of luciferase activity. Furthermore, overexpression of E2F3 significantly increased the Gadd45b-luciferase activity and this was inhibited by the siE2F3 in the Hepa1c1c7 cells. Taken together, E2F3 may play a pivotal role in the Gadd45b induction as a positive regulator. Citation Format: Jung-Hwan Kim, Frank J. Gonzalez. Transcription factor E2F3 up-regulates the expression of Gadd45b gene in the mouse liver. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1850.
Bringing strong authentication and transaction security to the realm of mobile devices (2014)

Widespread usage of mobile devices in conjunction with malicious software attacks calls for the development of mobile-device-oriented mechanisms aiming to provide strong authentication and transaction security. This paper considers the eBanking application scenario and argues that the concept of using a trusted companion device can be ported to the mobile realm. Trusted companion devices involve established and proven techniques in the PC (personal computer) environment to secure transactions. Various options for the communication between mobile and companion devices are discussed and evaluated in terms of technical feasibility, usability, and cost. Accordingly, audio communication across the 3.5-mm audio jack—also known as tip-ring-ring-sleeve, or TRRS connector,—is determined to be quite appropriate. We present a proof-of-concept companion device implementing binary frequency shift keying across this interface. Results from a field study performed with the proof-of-concept device further confirm the feasibility of the proposed solution.
The spatial distributions of pre-mRNAs suggest post-transcriptional splicing of specific introns within endogenous genes (2020)

Abstract Splicing is the molecular process by which introns are removed from pre-mRNA and exons are joined together to form the sequence of the mature mRNA. Measuring the timing of splicing relative to the transcription of nascent RNA has yielded conflicting interpretations. Biochemical fractionation suggests that RNA is spliced primarily during the process of transcription, but imaging of nascent RNA suggests that splicing happens after the process of transcription has been completed. We use single molecule RNA FISH together with expansion microscopy to measure the spatial distribution of nascent and partially spliced transcripts in mammalian cells, allowing us to infer the delay between when an intron is transcribed and when it is spliced out of a pre-mRNA. We show that 4 out of 4 genes we interrogated exhibit some post-transcriptional splicing, and that introns can be spliced in any order. We also show that completely synthesized RNA move slowly through a transcription site proximal zone while they undergo additional splicing and potentially other processing after transcription is completed. In addition, upon leaving this zone, some genes’ transcripts localize to speckles during the process of splicing but some appear to traffic freely through the nucleus without localizing to any other nuclear compartment. Taken together, our observations suggest that the regulation of the timing and localization of splicing is specific to individual introns, as opposed to the previously surmised immediate excision of introns after transcription.
Dragmacidins:  New Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors from a Southern Australian Deep-Water Marine Sponge, Spongosorites sp. (1998)

A Spongosorites sp. collected during trawling operations off the southern coast of Australia returned the new alkaloid dragmacidin E (3), the structure of which was secured by detailed spectroscopic analysis. Dragmacidin E (3), and its co-metabolite dragmacidin D (1) have been identified as potent inhibitors of serine-threonine protein phosphatases.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and AIDS in a Person with Negative Serology (1997)

A 38-year-old woman resident of Ivory Coast died of AIDS, while remaining human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative. She had been regularly tested because her husband was HIV-seropositive. The subject's lack of specific antibodies was assessed using commercial tests and confirmed by a radioimmunoprecipitation assay of the patient's virus. She was unquestionably HIV-1-infected, with a high plasma virus load, and her virus could be isolated. Molecular analyses indicated this retrovirus was clade A, which is common in Africa, and it was highly homologous to the virus isolated from her husband. The subject's seronegative status was thought to be due to rapid depletion of specific CD4+ helper T cells, resulting from accelerated disease progression, and was host-related rather than due to a specific HIV strain.
New Metal‐Catalyzed Carbocyclization Reactions for the Construction of Complex Natural Products (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering studies of C6H5Cl to 60 GPa (1994)

Chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl) has been studied to 60 GPa at room temperature by x‐ray diffraction and Raman scattering techniques. C6H5Cl solidified at 0.7±0.1 GPa in an orthorhombic structure with 8 molecules per unit cell. A structural transition to a monoclinic phase was observed at about 5 GPa. The monoclinic phase persisted until 16 GPa where an amorphous phase formed. The amorphous phase stayed with increasing pressure to, at least, 60 GPa. The equation of state was determined for the crystalline phases. C6H5Cl remained in an amorphous phase during decreasing pressure and even at the ambient conditions. The kinetics at the liquid‐solid phase boundary is discussed.
What can we learn from outliers in Cardiac Surgery? (2021)

At a time where delivering the best quality of care is the raison d’être of the health service, outliers can pose a serious challenge to both clinicians and policy makers. Methods of outlier detection are highly variable. The collection and assimilation of outcome variables can also be very challenging. Despite this, the publication of surgeon specific data has brought the concept of outliers into the public eye and the consequent punitive action affected upon surgeons can be deleterious to clinician psychology and patient perception. Simultaneously, positive outliers are rarely mentioned and never rewarded. Moving forward, the use of more objective outcomes, including novel biomarkers and patient-centred data, as well as innovative statistical strategies and management cultures, can positively evolve the healthcare paradigm for the future.
Local temperature of an interacting quantum system far from equilibrium (2016)

A theory of local temperature measurement of an interacting quantum electron system far from equilibrium via a floating thermoelectric probe is developed. It is shown that the local temperature so defined is consistent with the zeroth, first, second, and third laws of thermodynamics, provided the probe-system coupling is weak and broadband. For non-broadband probes, the local temperature obeys the Clausius form of the second law and the third law exactly, but there are corrections to the zeroth and first laws that are higher order in the Sommerfeld expansion. The corrections to the zeroth and first laws are related, and can be interpreted in terms of the error of a nonideal temperature measurement. These results also hold for systems at negative absolute temperature.
Logistic regression in case‐control studies: The effect of using independent as dependent variables (1995)

In case-control studies, cases are sampled separately from controls. In such studies the primary analysis concerns the estimation of the effect of covariables on being a case or a control. To explore causal pathways, further secondary analysis could concern the relationships among the covariables. In this paper the validity of such secondary analysis is addressed. In particular, the use of multiple logistic regression in case-control studies where the dependent variable is not the case/control indicator is explored. It is shown that only under very restrictive conditions will sample regression coefficients correctly estimate their true value. In many situations, it may be valid to regress one covariable on others in the control group, but not in the case group or the combined sample. This principle is illustrated by a study of sexually transmitted disease in Kenya.
Squaring Algorithm Efficient for Cubic Extension Field Derived with Pseudo Gauss Period Normal Basis (2011)

Recently, pairing–based cryptographies have attracted much attention. For fast pairing calculation, not only pairing algorithms but also arithmetic operations in extension field should be efficient. Especially for final exponentiation included in pairing calculation, squaring is more important than multiplication. This paper considers squaring algorithms efficient for cubic extension field which is often used for pairing implementaions.
Variability of the C3-C4 Transitional Area of the Internal Carotid Artery: Transcranial and Endonasal Prosection with Neuroradiological and Histological Correlation (2016)

Background: Discussion continues about the segmentation and nomenclature of the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA). Using the 1996 schema that defined the C1-C7 segments of the ICA, our study focuses on the transition of the lacerum (C3) and cavernous (C4) segments, including their meningeal relationships and Meckel's cave (MC). Using embryological, histological, microsurgical, and endoscopic analysis, we sought to better define the transition between the lacerum and cavernous segments, and address the controversy of another possible segment between C3 and C4.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐KETOCARBENIUM IONS. INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURE ON THE EVOLUTION OF α‐KETOCYCLOHEXYLCARBENIUM IONS (1976)

Abstract Die Enthalogenierung der Carbonylverbindungen (I) durch AgSbFÖ führt über die entsprechenden Cyclohexylcarbeniumionen zu den Olefinen (II) und in Abhängigkeit vom Substituenten R′ zu den bicyclischen Oxoniumsalzen (III) und (IV).
Attribute delegation in ubiquitous environments (2007)

When delegation is implemented using the attribute certificates in a Privilege Management Infrastructure (PMI), this one reaches a considerable level of distributed functionality. However, the approach is not flexible enough for the requirements of ubiquitous environments. Additionally, the PMI can become a too complex solution for devices such as smartphones and PDAs, where resources are limited. In this work, we solve the previous limitations by defining a second class of attributes, called domain attributes, which are managed directly by users and are not right under the scope of the PMI, thus providing a light solution for constrained devices. The two classes of attributes are related by defining a simple ontology. We also introduce in the paper the concept of Attribute Federation which is responsible for supporting domain attributes and the corresponding ontology.
Performance Improvement Method of Multi-Port Memory Controller Using An Effective Multi-Channel Direct memory Access Management (2014)

본 논문에서는 모바일 시스템 환경에서 멀티포트 메모리 컨트롤러의 특성을 고려한 직접 메모리 접근 컨트롤러를 사용하여 고속 데이터 전송을 효과적으로 수행하는 메모리 액세스 방법을 보인다. 제안된 직접 메모리 접근 컨트롤러는 여러 개의 직접 메모리 접근 채널을 제어 할 수 있는 통합 채널 관리 기능을 제공하며, 그 채널들은 물리적으로 분리되어 서로 독립적으로 동작한다. 제안된 직접 메모리 접근 방법을 통한 데이터 전송을 이용함으로써 읽기 동작에 대하여 72%, 쓰기 동작에 대하여 69%의 데이터 전송 성능 향상을 얻었다. 특히, 4 채널 접근 모드에 대해서 제안된 방법이 기존 직접 메모리 접근 방법에 비하여 63% 적은 전체 전송 사이클을 가짐으로써 전송 성능 향상에 기여할 수 있음을 보인다.
Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures (2000)

From the Publisher:
This book gives network engineers and managers a window on the world of wireless and mobile networks, from the enabling technologies and protocols to creating and managing mobile Lin and Chlamtac use a unique sustained example approach to teach you how PCS concepts apply to real network operation. For example, they use location update to illustrate concepts in chapters on network signaling, mobility, security/handoff, and mobile prepaid services.