gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Activities of Salicylaldehyde Derivatives. VI. Syntheses of Some Dimethylsulfonio Derivatives of Salicylaldehyde (1978)

Abstract 3-, 4-, and 5-dimethylsulfonio derivatives of salicylaldehyde have been prepared from the corresponding 6-, 5-, and 4-bromo-2-methylanisoles via the bromo-2-methoxybenzylidene dibromides, bromo-o-anisaldehyde diethyl acetals, methylthio-o-anisaldehydes, and (methylthio)salicylaldehydes. 4-Methylthio-o-anisaldehyde has also been prepared from 2-bromo-5-(methylthio)anisole.
Phase I trial (VEG108925) of cetuximab, irinotecan, and pazopanib (GW786034) administered concurrently. (2010)

e14052 Background: Pazopanib isan oral angiogenesis inhibitor targeting VEGFR, PDGFR and c-kit. The combination of cetuximab (C) and irinotecan (I) is approved for treatment of second line metastatic colorectal cancer. This trial aimed to assess the safety and tolerability of C, I and pazopanib (P) to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Methods: Colorectal cancer patients (pts) who had received prior lines of I, C, and oxaliplatin were eligible for inclusion. C (250 mg/m2 weekly after 400 mg/m2 loading dose) plus I (120–180 mg/m2 biweekly) administered on Day 1 of each 14 day cycle plus escalating doses of P (400-800 mg/day)from Day 2 of each cycle were evaluated in cohorts of 3-6 pts to identify the MTD at which less than one third of the patients (no more than 1 out of 6) experience a dose limiting toxicity (DLT). 9 additional pts were enrolled at the MTD. Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated per NCI CTCAE v.3.0. Serial PK samples were taken on Day 1 and 8 of cycles 1, 2 and 3. Results: A total of 22 pts (median age 56 yrs) received C in combination with I/P at doses of 120 mg/m2/400 mg (Cohort [Ch] 1 n = 6), 120 mg/m2/800 mg (Ch2 n = 3) and 150 mg/m2/400 mg (Ch3 n = 13). The primary haematologic toxicity was neutropenia (n = 9) with grade 4 in 3 pts. The most frequent nonhaematologic AEs were asthenia (n = 15), diarrhea (n = 13), nausea (n = 12) and erythema (n = 5). The maximum toxicities were Gr 3 asthenia (n = 6), Gr 3 diarrhea (n = 1), Gr 2 nausea (n = 6) and Gr 2 erythema (n = 4). DLTs were: Ch1-Gr 3 asthenia, Ch2-Gr 4 neutropenia and Grade 3 ALT elevation, Ch3-Gr 4 neutropenia in 2 pts. Ch2 exceeded the MTD so Ch3 explored an increased dose of I and reduced dose of P. Coadministration of CIP resulted in ∼16% increase in I Cmax with no apparent effect on I AUC (0–24) compared to administration of CI. The MTD was defined as 250 mg/m2 weekly C, 150 mg/m2 biweekly I in combination with 400 mg daily P. Conclusions: Although P is a UGT1A1 inhibitor in vitro, the CIP regimen had no apparent effect on SN-38 (UGTIAI substrate) PK parameters. A combination of cetuximab, irinotecan and pazopanib is feasible with a manageable toxicity profile. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline
Baroreflex Sensitivity in Patients with Intractable Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizures versus Partial Seizures (P2.259) (2018)

We studied how different types of seizures affect baroreflex sensitivity (BRS).
Gramicidin A induced fusion of large unilamellar dioleoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles and its relation to the induction of type II nonbilayer structures (1990)

The fusogenic properties of gramicidin were investigated by using large unilamellar dioleoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. It is shown that gramicidin induces aggregation and fusion of these vesicles at peptide to lipid molar ratios exceeding 1/100. Both intervesicle lipid mixing and mixing of aqueous contents were demonstrated. Furthermore, increased static and dynamic light scattering and a broadening of 31P NMR signals occurred concomitant with lipid mixing. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy revealed a moderate vesicle size increase. Lipid mixing is paralleled by changes in membrane permeability: small solutes like carboxyfluorescein and smaller dextrans, FD-4(Mr approximately 4000), rapidly (1-2 min) leak out of the vesicles. However, larger molecules like FD-10 and FD-17 (Mr approximately 9400 and 17,200) are retained in the vesicles for greater than 10 min after addition of gramicidin, thereby making detection of contents mixing during lipid mixing possible. At low lipid concentrations (5 microM), lipid mixing and leakage are time resolved: leakage of CF shows a lag phase of 1-3 min, whereas lipid mixing is immediate and almost reaches completion during this lag phase. It is therefore concluded that leakage, just as contents mixing, occurs subsequent to aggregation and lipid mixing. Although addition of gramicidin at a peptide/lipid molar ratio exceeding 1/50 eventually leads to hexagonal HII phase formation and a loss of vesicle contents, it is concluded that leakage during fusion (1-2 min) is not the result of HII phase formation but is due to local changes in lipid structure caused by precursors of this phase. By making use of gramicidin derivatives and different solvent conformations, it is shown that there is a close parallel between the ability of the peptide to induce the HII phase and its ability to induce intervesicle lipid mixing and leakage. It is suggested that gramicidin-induced fusion and HII phase formation share common intermediates.
Discrete choice experiment exploring women’s preferences in a novel device designed to monitor the womb environment and improve our understanding of reproductive disorders (2022)

Women placed most importance on having a device that obtains information to guide treatment and are willing to use the device for a longer, have a device with higher risk of complications and an indiscrete device if it is able to provide answers and direction for treatment of their reproductive disorder.
Analysis of Triclocarban in Aquatic Samples by Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2004)

Triclocarban, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea, is a polychlorinated phenyl urea pesticide, marketed under the trademark TCC and used primarily as an antibacterial additive in personal care products. Despite its extensive use over several decades, environmental occurrence data on TCC are scarce. This is due in part to a lack of analytical techniques offering the desired sensitivity, selectivity, affordability, and ease of use. This need is addressed here by introducing a liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS) method allowing for the determination of TCC concentrations in aquatic environments at the ng/L level. TCC was concentrated from aqueous samples by solid-phase extraction, separated from interferences on a C18 column by either isocratic or gradient elution, and detected and identified in negative ESI mode by selectively monitoring the (M - H)- base peak (m/z 313) and its 37Cl-containing isotopes (m/z 315, 317) that served as reference ions. Particulates contained in aquatic samples were extracted and analyzed separately. Accurate quantification was achieved using stable isotopes of TCC and triclosan as internal standards. Addition of 10 mM acetic acid to the mobile phase yielded acetic acid adducts ([M - H + 60]-) that were successfully exploited to boost method sensitivity and selectivity, especially when analyzing challenging environmental matrixes. Method detection limits were matrix dependent, ranging from 3 to 50 ng/L. In 36 grab samples obtained from the Greater Baltimore area, TCC was detected in river water and wastewater at concentrations of up to 5600 and 6750 ng/L, respectively. Raw and finished drinking water did not contain detectable quantities of the pesticide (<3 ng/L). In conclusion, the new LC/ESI/MS method was applied successfully to collect environmental occurrence data on TCC in U.S. water resources. Study results suggest that the bacteriostat and pesticide is a frequent but currently underreported contaminant whose environmental fate and behavior deserve further scrutiny.
Colloid‐Assisted Self‐Assembly of Robust, Three‐Dimensional Networks of Carbon Nanotubes over Large Areas (2010)

Natural materials, such as bone and spider silk, possess remarkable properties as a result of sophisticated nanoscale structuring. They have inspired the design of synthetic materials whose structure at the nanoscale is carefully engineered or where nanoparticles, such as rods or wires, are self-assembled. Although much work has been done in recent years to create ordered structures using diblock copolymers and template-assisted assembly, no reports describe highly ordered, three-dimensional nanotube arrays within a polymeric material. There are only reports of two-dimensional network structures and structures on micrometer-size scales. Here, we describe an approach that uses plasticized colloidal particles as a template for the self-assembly of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into ordered, three-dimensional networks. The nanocomposites can be strained by over 200% and still retain high conductivity when relaxed. The method is potentially general and so may find applications in areas such as sensing, photonics, and functional composites.
Sinusoidal waveform compensator for optimal digital control of three-phase PWM inverter (2005)

Optimal digital control method for a three-phase PWM inverter is proposed. It is based on the single-phase control method which has already reported. It utilizes the internal model principle to eliminate steady-state errors and to improve responses. Its principle is very simple that two phases are controlled as if they were independent and the other is controlled with the negative sum value of the two as long as the filter inductor and capacitor values are the same. It has a big advantage that there is no problem for unbalanced loads. It is validated for its performances through linear unbalanced and nonlinear loads theoretically by a simulator Saber and experimentally with a DSP-based digital control system
Aplicação de medidas cefalométricas em 3D-TC: Application of cephalometric measurements in 3D-TC (2007)

OBJETIVO: o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a precisão e acurácia (validade) de medidas cefalométricas lineares em imagens reconstruídas em terceira dimensão (3D), pela técnica de volume, a partir da tomografia computadorizada (TC) multislice. METODOLOGIA: o material da pesquisa consistiu de 10 (dez) crânios secos, previamente selecionados, sem distinção de etnia ou gênero, os quais foram submetidos à TC multislice 16 cortes com 0,5mm de espessura por 0,3mm de intervalo de reconstrução. Posteriormente, os dados obtidos foram enviados para uma estação de trabalho independente, contendo o programa Vitrea®. Os pontos cefalométricos (n=13) foram localizados e as respectivas medidas ósseas lineares (n=15) foram realizadas por 2 examinadores, previamente treinados, medindo cada um duas vezes, independentemente, em 3D. As medidas físicas foram obtidas por um terceiro examinador, utilizando um paquímetro digital. A análise dos dados foi realizada mediante um estudo comparativo entre as medidas inter e intra-examinadores, em 3D-TC, e entre estas e as medidas físicas obtidas diretamente nos crânios, utilizando ANOVA (análise de variância). RESULTADOS: não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os valores das medidas inter e intra-examinadores, nem entre as medidas físicas e em 3D, com p&gt;0,6 para todas as medidas. O erro percentual foi de 2,05% para as medidas interexaminadores e de 2,11% para as medidas intra-examinadores. A média do erro percentual entre as medidas físicas e em 3D variou de 0,96% a 1,47%. CONCLUSÃO: todas as medidas cefalométricas lineares foram consideradas precisas e acuradas utilizando a técnica de volume em 3D por meio da TC multislice.
Synthesis and Relaxation Dynamics of Multiarm Polybutadiene Melts (1998)

We describe synthesis and nonlinear relaxation dynamics of various multiarm entangled polybutadiene molecules of the general type A3-A-A3. In low-amplitude oscillatory shear, entangled multiarm polymers display broader relaxation spectra than linear polybutadienes of comparable molecular weight. Dramatic slowing down of cross-bar (A) relaxation by the entangled arms (A) is believed to be the source of this behavior. In nonlinear step strain experiments the A arms have a rather remarkable effect on polymer dynamics. At a critical shear strain γ of around 6.0, 〈|E·u|〉 = 3.2, the nonlinear relaxation modulus G(t;γ) abruptly decreases in value but retains similar time dependence to G(t;γ) at strains below the critical value. The sudden drop in G(t;γ) is reflected in the damping function and appears to be a consequence of arm withdrawal into the tube confining the cross-bar. This behavior is in near perfect agreement with a recent theoretical proposal for branched polymer dynamics. That this proposal is based on the notion of tensile forces on individual macromolecules due to tube confinement supports the existence of such forces and provides new circumstantial evidence for the existence of a mean-field tube. For all multiarm polymers studied we find time−strain separability at all strains with a separability time λk that appears insensitive to the arm withdrawal process. This last finding is not in agreement with current descriptions of multiarm polymer dynamics.
Passing the Baton (2008)

Although its gestation has been nearly a decade of devotion, my tenure as an associate editor of Diabetes Care has been a labor of love. During these years, I have been part of the legacy that has created the most important and highly respected journal in clinical obstetrics today in the field of diabetes and pregnancy. The reviewers have partnered in this process, with over 400 Diabetes Care experts now reviewing articles concerning diabetes and pregnancy. They have helped to adjudicate articles, select the best, and edit as needed to make sure that only the highest level of evidence and science is presented to the readers of Diabetes Care .

When I first took on the tasks of associate editor, under the guidance of …
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Construction Information Management System Implementation: Case Study (2012)

In construction projects, construction managers spend a significant portion of their time gathering project data, assessing production rates, communicating with project participants, and tracking project quality. Executing those tasks manually reduces efficiency and can result in less effective project management operations. In order to improve efficiency of information process flow, various types of construction information management systems (CIMSs) have been introduced to construction projects. However, due to the difficulty of tracking fragmental and illusive data, measuring the cost and benefit of the implementation and evaluating the trade-off remain a challenge for construction practitioners. This paper’s contributions to the body of knowledge include (1) proposing a framework to assess tangible and semitangible or intangible costs and benefits of innovative construction technology application, (2) determining costs and benefits of the use of CIMSs by conducting a product-specific case study, and (3) summarizing lessons learned through the application of a CIMS from the first-hand users so that construction managers can avoid pitfalls in other projects. This study provides data collected during real-time immersion in the project as part of the project team over a 6 month period. The study found that the use of CIMSs, coupled with mobile technologies, increased efficiency and decreased clerical time of operations-level construction personnel, and thereby increased value to the project through improved allocation of managerial time. The internal observation and analysis provide a useful guidance to project managers who are interested in implementing CIMS in construction projects.
Cosmic-ray-induced ionization in molecular clouds adjacent to supernova remnants - Tracing the hadronic origin of GeV gamma radiation (2012)

Energetic gamma rays (GeV to TeV photon energy) have been detected toward several supernova remnants (SNR) associated with molecular clouds. If the gamma rays are produced mainly by hadronic processes rather than leptonic processes like bremsstrahlung, then the flux of energetic cosmic ray (CR) nuclei (&gt;1 GeV) required to produce the gamma rays can be inferred at the site where the particles are accelerated in SNR shocks. It is of great interest to understand the acceleration of the CR of lower energy (&lt;1 GeV) accompanying the energetic component. These particles of lower energy are most effective in ionizing interstellar gas, leaving an observable imprint on the interstellar ion chemistry. A correlation of energetic gamma radiation with enhanced interstellar ionization can thus support the hadronic origin of the gamma rays and constrain the acceleration of ionizing CR in SNR. We propose a method to test the hadronic origin of GeV gamma rays from SNR associated with a molecular cloud. We use observational gamma ray data for each of these SNR known, modeling the observations to obtain the underlying proton spectrum assuming that the gamma rays are produced by pion decay. Assuming that the acceleration mechanism does not only produce high energy protons, but also low energy protons, this proton spectrum at the source is then used to calculate the ionization rate of the molecular cloud. Ionized molecular hydrogen triggers a chemical network forming molecular ions. The relaxation of these ions results in characteristic line emission, which can be predicted. We show that the ionization rate for at least two objects is more than an order of magnitude above Galactic average for molecular clouds, hinting at an enhanced formation rate of molecular ions. There will be interesting opportunities to measure crucial molecular ions in the infrared and submillimeter-wave parts of the spectrum.
Bayesian optimization for inverse problems in quantum dynamics (2020)

Machine learning models are usually trained by a large number of observations (big data) to make predictions through the evaluation of complex mathematical objects. However, in many applications in science, particularly in quantum dynamics, obtaining observables is expensive so information is limited. In the present work, we consider the limit of â small dataâ . Usually, â big dataâ are for machines and â small dataâ are for humans, i.e. humans can infer physical laws given a few isolated observations, while machines require a huge array of information for accurate predictions. Here, we explore the possibility of machine learning that could build physical models based on very restricted information. In this talk, I will show how to build such models using Bayesian machine learning and how to apply such models to inverse problems aiming to infer the Hamiltonians from the dynamical observables. I will illustrate the methods by two applications: (1) the inverse problem in quantum reaction dynamics aiming to construct accurate potential energy surfaces based on reaction dynamics observables; (2) the model selection problem aiming to derive the particular lattice model Hamiltonian that gives to rise to specific quantum transport properties for particles in a phonon field.
Asymmetric Doherty power amplifier with optimized characteristics in output power back-off range between 6 dB and 10 dB (2010)

This paper presents an asymmetric Doherty power amplifier for improving the efficiency under the linearity specifications in output power back-off (OPBO) range between 6 dB and 10 dB. The OPBO determines several design parameters for the asymmetric Doherty power amplifier: the peak power ratio of main to peaking amplifiers based on the wanted OPBO and the characteristic impedance of 90-degrees impedance transformer in a peaking amplifier. The power-dividing ratio of the unequal power divider in an input port is calculated for transferring the maximum power to the load. Experiments under a test signal with peak-to-average power ratio of 7 dB were performed on the proposed Doherty power amplifier. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed asymmetric Doherty power amplifier achieves the optimized efficiency, and is also appropriate for the digital pre-distortion linearization.
Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure During Pregnancy in the Rat Is Associated With Increases in Arterial Pressure and Changes in Renal Nitric Oxide (2001)

A reduction in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis has been suggested to play a role in pregnancy-induced hypertension. We have recently reported that normal pregnancy in the rat is associated with significant increases in whole-body NO production and renal protein expression of neuronal and inducible NO synthase. The purpose of this study was to determine whether whole-body and renal NO production is reduced in a rat model of pregnancy-induced hypertension produced by chronically reducing uterine perfusion pressure starting at day 14 of gestation. Chronic reductions in uterine perfusion pressure resulted in increases in arterial pressure of 20 to 25 mm Hg, decreases in renal plasma flow (<23%) and glomerular filtration rate (<40%), but no difference in urinary nitrite/nitrate excretion relative to control pregnant rats. In contrast, reductions in uterine perfusion pressure in virgin rats resulted in no significant effects on arterial pressure. Renal endothelial (<4%) and inducible (<11%) NO synthase protein expression did not decrease significantly in the chronically reduced uterine perfusion pressure rats relative to normal pregnant rats; however, significant reductions in neuronal NO synthase were observed (<30%). The results of this study indicate that the reduction in renal hemodynamics and the increase in arterial pressure observed in response to chronic decreases in uterine perfusion pressure in pregnant rats are associated with no change in whole-body NO production and a decrease in renal protein expression of neuronal NO synthase.
Cavity-resonator-integrated guided-mode resonance filter with position-shifted grating coupler (2016)

A cavity-resonator-integrated guided-mode resonance filter (CRIGF) consists of a grating coupler (GC) and a pair of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) on a waveguide, and can provide a narrowband reflection spectrum for an incident free-space beam of a small diameter. The GC is located between the DBRs constructing a waveguide cavity resonator, and acts as an aperture of the CRIGF. The dependence of reflection spectrum on the position of GC relative to the center of the waveguide cavity is investigated theoretically and experimentally. CRIGFs with various position-shifted GCs of about 10-μm aperture size were designed and fabricated for operation at around 1.54 μm wavelength. The maximum reflectance with broadest bandwidth was obtained without the GC position shift. The bandwidth of CRIGF reduced until the GC position shifted to a quarter of GC period, which would mean the reduction of GC coupling coefficient. In particular, a position shift of a quarter of GC period nullifies the guided-mode resonance, and no peak in reflectance was observed. Further position shifts caused the guided-mode resonance and appearance of a resultant reflection peak.
An Overview of Handwriting Recognition (1993)

This is an overview of the most recent published approaches to solving the handwriting recognition problem. This paper is aimed at clarifying the role of handwriting recognition in accordance with today&amp;apos;s maturing technologies. It tries to list and clarify the components that build handwriting recognition and related technologies such as OCR (Optical Character Recognition) and Signature Verification. This paper could also be regarded as a survey of handwriting recognition and related topics with a rich list of references for the interested reader. Levels of practicality of use of this technology for different languages and cultures is also discussed. 1 Introduction As portable computers become more personal and are made smaller, they reach some physical limitations for having a keyboard. For pocket size computers (PDA&amp;apos;s) one cannot use an efficient keyboard. For these computers alternative ways of man-machine communication are necessary. A most efficient way of solving this problem is...