gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of CD8+ T-cell and antibody responses following transient increased viraemia in rhesus macaques infected with live, attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (2005)

In vivo depletion of CD8+ T cells results in an increase in viral load in macaques chronically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac239deltanef). Here, the cellular and humoral immune responses associated with this transient period of enhanced viraemia in macaques infected with SIVmac239deltanef were characterized. Fourteen days after in vivo CD8+ T-cell depletion, two of six macaques experienced a 1-2 log10 increase in anti-gp130 and p27 antibody titres and a three- to fivefold increase in gamma interferon-ecreting SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. Three other macaques had modest or no increase in anti-gp130 antibodies and significantly lower titres of anti-p27 antibodies, with minimal induction of functional CD8+ T cells. Four of the five CD8-depleted macaques experienced an increase in neutralizing antibody titres to SIVmac239. Induction of SIV-specific immune responses was associated with increases in CD8+ T-cell proliferation and fluctuations in the levels of signal-joint T-cell receptor excision circles in peripheral blood cells. Five months after CD8+ T-cell depletion, only the two high-responding macaques were protected from intravenous challenge with pathogenic SIV, whilst the remaining animals were unable to control replication of the challenge virus. Together, these findings suggest that a transient period of enhanced antigenaemia during chronic SIV infection may serve to augment virus-specific immunity in some, but not all, macaques. These findings have relevance for induction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific immune responses during prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination and for immunological evaluation of structured treatment interruptions in patients chronically infected with HIV-1.
No cache-coherence (2009)

Consistent with the trend towards the use of many cores in SOC and 3D Chip techniques, this paper proposes a "single-cycle ring" interconnection (SC_Ring) with ultra-low latency and minimal complexity. The proposed SC_Ring allows multiple single-cycle transactions in parallel. The main features of the circuit-switched design include a set of 3-ported circuit-switched routers (4~16) and a performance/timing effective arbiter. The arbiter, called "BTPC", features single-cycle arbitration and routing-control by means of the novel Binary-Tree paths convergence and path-prediction mechanisms, to provide a highly reduced time complexity. By combining this with the integration of 3D chips, the proposed ring-based interconnection offers several advantages for hierarchical clustering in future many-core systems, in terms of cost, latency, and power reductions. Moreover, based on the proposed SC_Ring, this work realizes a "level-1 non-uniform cache architecture" (L1-NUCA) for fast data communication without cache-coherency in facilitating multithreading/multi-core as a case study. Finally, experimental results show that our approach yields promising performance.
An Assessment of Donor‐to‐Recipient Transmission Patterns of Human Cytomegalovirus by Analysis of Viral Genomic Variants (2009)

Our analysis of strain concordance among recipients of organs from common donors showed that transmission of CMV has complex dynamic patterns. In seropositive recipients, transmission or reactivation of multiple CMV strains is possible.
Performance improvement of spread spectrum spatial-domain watermarking scheme through diversity and attack characterisation (2003)

We present a spatial-domain-watermarking scheme for data hiding and copyright protection of still images using the attack characterisation approach. A small number of bits are embedded onto an image in the spatial domain using a method similar to the direct sequence spread spectrum. Perceptual analysis is used to guarantee the imperceptibility of the watermark and proper scaling of the raw mask values maximises the robustness of the watermark, while keeping it imperceptible to the human senses. We add two types of watermarks: reference and robust. The reference watermark is used to assess the way, in which the marked signal has been modified, so that the robust watermark can be optimally extracted. The watermarking system requires two keys; one for generating the pseudo-noise sequence for spread spectrum modulation and another for embedding the two watermarks in a checkerboard arrangement, where the use of the key introduces spatial uncertainty about the location of the watermark bits. This approach has been implemented for a spatial diversity of 64 and 256. Simulation results reveal the effectiveness of the new approach.
Potential applications for antiviral therapy and prophylaxis in bovine medicine (2014)

Viral disease is one of the major causes of financial loss and animal suffering in today's cattle industry. Increases in global commerce and average herd size, urbanization, vertical integration within the industry and alterations in global climate patterns have allowed the spread of pathogenic viruses, or the introduction of new viral species, into regions previously free of such pathogens, creating the potential for widespread morbidity and mortality in naïve cattle populations. Despite this, no antiviral products are currently commercially licensed for use in bovine medicine, although significant progress has been made in the development of antivirals for use against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) and bovine herpesvirus (BHV). BVDV is extensively studied as a model virus for human antiviral studies. Consequently, many compounds with efficacy have been identified and a few have been successfully used to prevent infection in vivo although commercial development is still lacking. FMDV is also the subject of extensive antiviral testing due to the importance of outbreak containment for maintenance of export markets. Thirdly, BHV presents an attractive target for antiviral development due to its worldwide presence. Antiviral studies for other bovine viral pathogens are largely limited to preliminary studies. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of antiviral compounds against several key bovine pathogens and the potential for commercial antiviral applications in the prevention and control of several selected bovine diseases.
A Comparison of Satisfaction With Life and the Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended After Traumatic Brain Injury: An Analysis of the TRACK-TBI Pilot Study (2018)

Correlation between SWL and functional outcome was not strong, and depression may modulate the association. Future research should account for functional, mental health, and patient-centered outcomes when assessing TBI recovery.
Observer-based fault detection and isolation for motor drive inverters (2012)

Abstract Observer-based methods can be used for fault detection and isolation for switched linear systems. A state observer is constructed based on the physical system. Changes in the observer error are monitored to detect specific types of faults. This thesis uses the mathematical basis to offer a generic format that can be applied to any linear or switched-linear system. These methods are then applied to a motor drive system, particularly the DC-AC converter, in order to quickly detect parameter changes, sensor faults, and switch faults. Simulations demonstrate that these methods could be used to detect several different fault types. However, the number of distinct fault types that can be distinguished is limited by the number of states of the system.
Paper #241: Does Sex Impact Outcomes Following Shoulder Arthroplasty? (2017)

While both males and females undergoing shoulder arthroplasty experience significant clinical improvement, for both TSA and RSA, the magnitude of improvement and final scores in female patients are significantly lower than in male patients. This information can be used to counsel patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty on their expected outcomes.
30am2-PN-64 Carbon nanotube, Nanodiamond composite plating (2015)

A composite plating, containing hard particles or self-lubricating materials with metals, is applied in various fields for the advantages of adding the certain properties that cannot be obtained by metal matrix itself. In general, a mechanical component requires lubricating and wear-resistant abilities in terms of the sliding parts. The composite plating, fabricating the plating contained with hard minute particles or self-lubricant particle, is a technique to improve the lubrication and wear-resistant properties. This study shows the dispersion of the carbon nanotube and nano diamond particles having the self-lubricanting properties and high hardness and the development of the composite plating techniques.
Balanced Scorecard für Smart Industrial Product Service Systems (2021)

Die Digitalisierung eröffnet produzierenden Unternehmen neue Möglichkeiten, Produkte, Prozesse und Geschäftsmodelle zu transformieren. So werden Problemlösungen in Form von industriellen Produkt-Service Systemen (IPSS), einer kundenspezifischen Kombination von Sach- und Dienstleistungen, zu smarten IPSS erweitert. Der Beitrag beschreibt ein Performance Management zur Steuerung dieser komplexen Angebote.
Prediction of absorbed dose to normal organs in thyroid cancer patients treated with 131I by use of 124I PET and 3-dimensional internal dosimetry software. (2007)

This is the first comprehensive study of normal organ dosimetry in patients by use of a quantitative tomographic imaging modality.
Knotted and linked phase singularities in monochromatic waves (2001)

Exact solutions of the Helmholtz equation are constructed, possessing wavefront dislocation lines (phase singularities) in the form of knots or links where the wave function vanishes ('knotted nothings'). The construction proceeds by making a nongeneric structure with a strength n dislocation loop threaded by a strength m dislocation line, and then perturbing this. In the resulting unfolded (stable) structure, the dislocation loop becomes an (m, n) torus knot if m and n are coprime, and N linked rings or knots if m and n have a common factor N; the loop or rings are threaded by an m-stranded helix. In our explicit implementation, the wave is a superposition of Bessel beams, accessible to experiment. Paraxially, the construction fails.
An Automatic Registration Method for Frameless Stereotaxy, Image Guided Surgery, and Enhanced Reality Visualization (1994)

There is a need for frameless guidance systems to help surgeons plan the exact location for incisions, to define the margins of tumors and to precisely identify locations of neighboring critical structures. We have developed an automatic technique for registering clinical data, such as segmented MRI or CT reconstructions, with any view of the patient on the operating table, using a series of registration algorithms, which we demonstrate on the specific example of neurosurgery. The method enables a visual mix of live video of the patient with the segmented 3D MRI or CT model, supporting enhanced reality techniques for planning and guiding neurosurgical procedures, and to interactively view extracranial or intracranial structures non-intrusively. Extensions of the method include image guided biopsies, focused therapeutic procedures and clinical studies involving change detection over time sequences of images. 1 Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Tech...
Activation and Immunoregulation of Human B Lymphocytes (1984)

Immunocompetent cells communicate via direct cellular contact and/or by the release and binding of soluble mediators. These soluble mediators transmit signals for growth and differentiation of various cell types. We have been intensively studying the regulation of human B lymphocytes and have focused on the events which occur following stimulation of mature, resting B cells with antigen or an antigen equivalent, anti-immunoglobulin antibody. Anti-Ig stimulates resting B lymphocytes to enlarge, synthesize RNA, increase membrane Ia expression, express activation markers, and become responsive to soluble factors termed B-cell growth factors (BCGF). We have described two different BCGFs, an 18 kd BCGF derived from a T-T hybridoma and a 60 kd BCGF derived from a T cell line. Activated B cells in the presence of BCGF further enlarge; express another activation marker, the transferrin receptor; and enter the S phase of the cell cycle, but do not differentiate unless another factor is present, e.g., B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF). We have described another T-T hybridoma which constitutively secretes both an 18 kd BCGF and a 35 kd BCDF. These two factors can easily be separated by biochemical means. The 35 kd BCDF induces the differentiation of activated but not resting B cells. Besides these B-cell-specific factors, we have studied the immunoregulatory effects of interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, and interferons (alpha and gamma) on human B-cell responses. Interleukin 1 weakly co-stimulates resting B cells when it is present with anti-Ig and enhances the differentiation of activated and proliferating B cells when it is present in culture with BCDF. Interleukin 2 receptors as defined by the monoclonal antibody anti-Tac and radiolabeled IL-2-binding assays are present on in vitro activated B cells. Recombinant IL-2 added to cultures of in vitro activated B cells promotes both B-cell growth and B-cell differentiation into Ig-secreting cells. Finally, interferons appear to have little direct effect on human B-cell function. Major advances in our understanding of the complexities of B-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation have been realized over the past few years. The eventual isolation and chemical characterization of the soluble mediators of B-cell function and the receptors for these mediators should lead to further insights and to new approaches to those diseases characterized by aberrations of B-cell function.
The so-called Porus medallions of Alexander the Great: crucial historical numismatic objects or clever counterfeits? (2018)

The paper discusses the so-called Porus medallions associated with the military campaign of Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) in northern India, and specifically with the battle of the Hydaspes in the early Summer of 326 BC. At the present time, three types of silver medallion (of coin weight) and a unique gold medallion are known. We assess the propaganda message, and the doubts concerning the authenticity of some of these types
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Coronary Chronic Total Occlusions Improves Peak Oxygen Uptake During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. (2017)

CTO-PCI in symptomatic patients was associated with improvements in cardiovascular exercise capacity, as assessed by peak oxygen uptake. These results suggest that in symptomatic patients with CTOs, PCI appears clinically beneficial.
Isolation of Subsets of Immune Cells (2005)

Subsets of immune cells can be isolated before analysis by the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay with various cell separation techniques. This chapter describes techniques to select desired cells or deplete unwanted cells by crosslinking cells to dense or magnetic particles for subsequent separation. The RosetteSep method can be used to isolate specific cell types directly from human whole blood, using the red blood cells (RBCs) present in the sample as dense particles. Unwanted cells are crosslinked to multiple RBCs, forming "rosettes." The rosettes, free RBCs, and granulocytes pellet when the sample is centrifuged over a buoyant density medium. The unlabeled, desired cells are simply collected from the interface between the plasma and the buoyant density medium. The SpinSep method for isolation of mouse spleen or bone marrow cells is similar to RosetteSep, except that the unwanted cells are bound to dense particles rather than RBCs. The EasySep immunomagnetic system can be used with cell suspensions from a variety of species. Cells are crosslinked to nanometer-sized paramagnetic particles. Magnetically labeled cells are separated from unlabeled cells by placing the sample in a high gradient magnetic field. Both the labeled and the unlabeled fractions can be recovered for further use.
No association of malignant B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas with ipsilateral SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination (2023)

Together, we found no evidence that the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines could serve as a trigger for lymphomagenesis in the draining lymph node areas of the deltoid region used for vaccination.
Protein Kinase Czeta (PKCzeta): Activation Mechanisms and Cellular Functions (2003)

The zeta isotype of protein kinase C (PKCzeta) is a member of the atypical PKC subfamily and has been widely implicated in the regulation of cellular functions. Increasing evidence from studies using in vitro and in vivo systems points to PKCzeta as a key regulator of critical intracellular signaling pathways induced by various extracellular stimuli. The major activation pathway of PKCzeta depends on phosphatidylinositol (PI)-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP(3)), which is mainly produced by PI-3 kinase. 3'-PI-dependent protein kinase 1, which binds with high affinity to PIP(3), phosphorylates and activates PKCzeta. Many studies demonstrated the involvement of PKCzeta in the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, transcriptional factor NFkappaB activation, ribosomal S6-protein kinase signaling, and cell polarity. An important molecular event in a cell is the association of PKCzeta with other signaling molecules, as well as scaffold proteins, to form large complexes that regulate their pathways. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying PKCzeta-mediated control of intracellular signaling is beginning to provide important insights into the roles of PKCzeta in various cells.
RAKE performance for a pulse based UWB system in a realistic UWB indoor channel (2004)

The performance of a RAKE receiver for a pulse based ultra-wideband (UWB) communications system is studied in a realistic channel model that is based on an extensive set of indoor channel measurements. The RAKE receiver is shown to contribute to a mitigation of the ISI. In particular, at low input SNR values and small number of RAKE taps, it is shown that employing additional RAKE taps for energy capture is more important to overall system performance than employing equalization to combat the ISI. The performance of the RAKE with some realistic channel estimation errors is also studied.
Molecular Mechanisms for Altered Glucose Homeostasis in HIV Infection (2006)

A complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to HIV-associated insulin resistance remains elusive. Complex interrelationships between genetic predisposition, disease-related body changes and multidrug therapy all contribute to alterations in glucose homeostasis. These abnormalities can be differentiated between acute and reversible changes directly induced by HAART medications and more chronic and less reversible changes due to the development of lipodystrophy and hyperlipidemia. Implicated pathways include changes in adipokine secretion, insulin signaling, lipid homeostasis and disease-related increases in inflammatory mediators. The insulin responsive facilitative glucose transporter GLUT4 is the first molecule to have been identified as a direct target of HIV protease inhibitors. Efforts to elucidate the mechanisms directly responsible for the evolution of insulin resistance during HIV infection and therapy will be greatly assisted by the further identification and characterization of direct molecular targets amenable to pharmacologic therapy and/or the development of newer antiretroviral agents that do not adversely affect these target proteins.
Exact real computer arithmetic with continued fractions (1988)

We introduce a representation of the computable real numbers by continued fractions. This deals with the subtle points of undecidable comparison an integer division, as well as representing the infinite 1/0 and undefined 0/0 numbers. Two general algorithms for performing arithmetic operations are introduced. The algebraic algorithm, which computes sums and products of continued fractions as a special case, basically operates in a positional manner, producing one term of output for each term of input. The transcendental algorithm uses a general formula of Gauss to compute the continued fractions of exponentials, logarithms, trigonometric functions, as well as a wide class of special functions. A prototype system has been implemented in LeLisp, and the performance of these algorithms is promising.
Ge@C core–shell nanostructures for improved anode rate performance in lithium-ion batteries (2015)

The Ge@C core–shell nanostructures exhibit excellent cycling performance and rate capability as an electrode material for lithium ion batteries.
Multiplex mRNA assay using electrophoretic tags for high-throughput gene expression analysis (2004)

We describe a novel multiplexing technology using a library of small fluorescent molecules, termed eTag molecules, to code and quantify mRNA targets. eTag molecules, which have the same fluorometric property, but distinct charge-to-mass ratios possess pre-defined electrophoretic characteristics and can be resolved using capillary electrophoresis. Coupled with primary Invader mRNA assay, eTag molecules were applied to simultaneously quantify up to 44 mRNA targets. This multiplexing approach was validated by examining a panel of inflammation responsive genes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells stimulated with inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1beta. The laser-induced fluorescence detection and electrokinetic sample injection process in capillary electrophoresis allows sensitive quantification of thousands of copies of mRNA molecules in a reaction. The assay is precise, as evaluated by measuring qualified Z' factor, a dimensionless and simple characteristic for applications in high-throughput screening using mRNA assays. Our data demonstrate the synergy between the multiplexing capability of eTag molecules by sensitive capillary electrophoresis detection and the isothermal linear amplification characteristics of the Invader assay. eTag multiplex mRNA assay presents a unique platform for sensitive, high sample throughput and multiplex gene expression analysis.
Production and characterization of recombinant P1 adhesin essential for adhesion, gliding, and antigenic variation in the human pathogenic bacterium, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (2018)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae forms an attachment organelle at one cell pole, binds to the host cell surface, and glides via a unique mechanism. A 170-kDa protein, P1 adhesin, present on the organelle surface plays a critical role in the binding and gliding process. In this study, we obtained a recombinant P1 adhesin comprising 1476 amino acid residues, excluding the C-terminal domain of 109 amino acids that carried the transmembrane segment, that were fused to additional 17 amino acid residues carrying a hexa-histidine (6 × His) tag using an Escherichia coli expression system. The recombinant protein showed solubility, and chirality in circular dichroism (CD). The results of analytical gel filtration, ultracentrifugation, negative-staining electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) showed that the recombinant protein exists in a monomeric form with a uniformly folded structure. SAXS analysis suggested the presence of a compact and ellipsoidal structure rather than random or molten globule-like conformation. Structure model based on SAXS results fitted well with the corresponding structure obtained with cryo-electron tomography from a closely related species, M. genitalium. This recombinant protein may be useful for structural and functional studies as well as for the preparation of antibodies for medical applications.