gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An in vitro novel mechanism of regulating the activity of pyruvate kinase M2 by thyroid hormone and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (1991)

We have recently shown that the cytosolic thyroid hormone binding protein (p58-M2) in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells is a monomer of pyruvate kinase, subtype M2 (PKM2). To characterize further the molecular properties of p58-M2, we overexpressed p58-M2 in Escherichia coli and purified it to homogeneity. At 22 degrees C, the monomeric p58-M2, exhibited kinase activity with an apparent Vmax of 22 +/- 9 units/mg. The Km for adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) are 3.85 +/- 2.4 and 1.55 +/- 0.73 mM, respectively. Upon activation by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-P2), Vmax and Km for ADP and PEP were changed to 490 +/- 27 units/mg and 0.63 +/- 0.09 and 0.13 +/- 0.01 mM, respectively. These results indicated that p58-M2 has intrinsic kinase activity. Analysis of the molecular size indicated that the activation of p58-M2, by Fru-1,6-P2 resulted in the association of the monomeric p58-M2 to the tetrameric PKM2. p58-M2 bound to 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) (Ka = 1.7 x 10(7) M-1) and exhibited analogue specificity, whereas PKM2 did not bind thyroid hormone. The order of binding affinity was L-T3 greater than L-thyroxine greater than 3,3',5-triiodothyropropionic acid greater than 3'-isopropyl-3,5-triiodo-L-thyronine greater than 3'5',3-triiodo-L-thyronine. Binding of T3 and its analogues resulted in the inhibition of the kinase activity of p58-M2. The order of kinase inhibitory activity and preventing its association to tetrameric PKM2 was parallel to that of binding activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Digital Calibration of Amplifier Finite DC Gain and Gain Bandwidth in MASH Modulators (2015)

In this brief, a digital background calibration technique is proposed to improve the resolution of discrete-time multistage noise-shaping (MASH) sigma-delta (ΣΔ) modulators. The circuit imperfections of switched-capacitor discrete-time integrators (DTIs) degenerate the modulator output resolution, particularly in MASH structures, due to the quantization noise leakage of the early stages at the modulator output. An accumulative error model is proposed to define the errors induced by the limited dc gain and gain bandwidth (GBW) of DTIs as a function of their outputs. Compensating for these errors is possible through two steps, which are the DTI output digital approximation and adaptive filter correction. To identify the adaptive filter parameters, 1-b pseudorandom noise test signals are injected to the inputs of the DTIs. Then, the effect of these test signals is investigated by using a correlation-based least-mean-square algorithm. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method to eliminate the errors associated with the finite dc gain and GBW. Consequently, relaxed amplifiers with lower power consumption can be used.
Synthesis of New Anthracene Derivatives (2006)

An efficient synthesis is described for hexabromoanthracenes 3 and 4 by direct bromination of 9,10-dibromoanthrecene 2. Whereas base-induced elimination of hexabromide 3 with t-BuOK gave 2,3,9,10-tetrabromoanthracene 5, the reaction of hexabromide 4 with DBU afforded 1,3,9,10-tetrabromoanthracene 6 as the sole product. Tetrabromide 5 was also obtained by aromatization of 1,4-dinitroxy-2,3,9,10-tetrabromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanthracene 17. Efficient and convenient synthetic routes are described for the preparation of dinotroxy 17, dimethoxy 23, and dihydroxides 18 and 19 with silver-induced substitution of hexabromides 3 and 4. The hydroxy compounds 19 and 18 were converted to diepoxide 20 and monoepoxide 21, respectively, with sodium methoxide. Base-promoted aromatization of dimethoxide 23 afforded dibromomonomethoxides 26 and 27. Bromoanthracenes and isomeric arene oxides constitute valuable precursors for the preparation of functionalized substituted anthracene derivatives that are difficult to prepare by other routes.
Die Darstellung von Sprache, Sprachraum und SprecherInnen in Swahili-Selbstlernkursen (2013)

Die Darstellung Afrikas und afrikanischer Sprachen wird bis in die Gegenwart von rassistischen Vorannahmen mitbeeinflusst. Obwohl das dem Rassismus zugrundeliegende Konzept der menschlichen „Rassen“ eindeutig wissenschaftlich widerlegt ist, werden darauf basierende Festschreibungen noch heute machtvoll reproduziert –so auch in Medien, die der Vermittlung „neutraler“ Informationen dienen. Ausgehend von einer konstruktivistischen Perspektive liegt der Arbeit die Annahme, dass Sprache das primäre Instrument der Wissenskonstruktion und damit einhergehend der Schaffung von Wirklichkeiten sei, zugrunde. Darauf basierend werden drei, aus unterschiedlichen Kontexten stammenden, Swahili-Selbstlernkurse analysiert. Mittels einer Erweiterung der Text- und Kontextanalyse von Antje Hornscheidt und Stefan Göttel wird, neben der Herausarbeitung rassistischer Vorannahmen, die generelle Darstellung von Swahili, seinen SprecherInnen und dem Sprachraum sowie der Einfluss des Kontextes der Bücher untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zum einen, dass in jedes der Bücher rassistische Vorannahmen miteinfließen. Andererseits lassen sie aber ebenso einen Zusammenhang zwischen Kontext und Text erkennen. So wird beispielsweise in dem Selbstlernkurs, der einem touristischen Umfeld entstammt, ein „exotisierenderes“ Bild der SprecherInnen und des Sprachraums gezeichnet, als in jenem eines Autors der aus dem Sprachraum kommt und neben der Sichtweise auf den Sprachraum auch den Blick auf den deutschsprachigen Raum miteinbezieht. Das dritte, aus einem christlich-missionarische Kontext stammende Buch, vermittelt wiederum ein anderes Bild und zeigt an einigen Stellen einen romantisierenden Blick auf ein „rückständiges“ Afrika. Die Analyse bestätigt demnach die Eingangsthese, dass das Wissen, welches sich aus dem Kontext erschließt, Wirklichkeiten erzeugt.
Enforcing ideal-world leakage bounds in real-world secret sharing MPC frameworks. (2018)

We give a language-based security treatment of domain-specific languages and compilers for secure multi-party computation, a cryptographic paradigm that enables collaborative computation over encrypted data. Computations are specified in a core imperative language, as if they were intended to be executed by a trusted-third party, and formally verified against an information-flow policy modelling (an upper bound to) their leakage. This allows non-experts to assess the impact of performance-driven authorized disclosure of intermediate values. Specifications are then compiled to multi-party protocols. We formalize protocol security using (distributed) probabilistic information-flow and prove security-preserving compilation: protocols only leak what is allowed by the source policy. The proof exploits a natural but previously missing correspondence between simulation-based cryptographic proofs and (composable) probabilistic non-interference. Finally, we extend our framework to justify leakage cancelling, a domain-specific optimization that allows to first write an efficient specification that fails to meet the allowed leakage upper-bound, and then apply a probabilistic pre-processing that brings leakage to the acceptable range.
Heparin-Platelet Factor (PF) 4 Antibodies in Patients with Pseudothrombocytopenia: Coincidence or Association? (2000)

Heparin-platelet factor (PF) 4 antibodies in patients with pseudothrombocytopenia : coincidence or association?
IS THE SOLAR ACTIVITY CYCLE SYNCHRONIZED WITH THE SOLAR INERTIAL MOTION? (2000)

The 300 year record of the yearly sunspot numbers and numerically generated trajectory of the solar inertial motion (SIM) were subjects of a synchronization analysis. Phase synchronization of the sunspot cycle and a fast component of the SIM have been found and confirmed with statistical significance in three epochs (1727–1757, 1802–1832 and 1863–1922) of the entire 1700–1997 record. This result can be considered as a quantitative support for the hypothesis that there is a weak interaction of gravity and solar activity.
Detection of osteomalacia in British Asians: A comparison of clinical score with biochemical measurements (1990)

1. In a prospective study of 160 Asian outpatients, plasma calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone were compared with a clinical score to determine which measurements singly or in combination were most useful in the detection of osteomalacia. 2. Bone biopsies were performed in 45 of 48 patients considered to be at risk of osteomalacia. Of the 39 quantifiable bone biopsies, nine showed unequivocal osteomalacia, 13 were judged to be borderline and 17 biopsies were normal. 3. The clinical score was highly sensitive, identifying eight of nine patients with osteomalacia, but not specific, six of 17 normal patients having an abnormal score. 4. Plasma parathyroid hormone was the best single biochemical test for identifying osteomalacia. By using a discriminant function based on parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase, it was possible to classify 96% cases correctly; a discriminant function utilizing calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase was successful in 85% of cases. It was not possible to discriminate between histological groups on the basis of plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D values. 5. We confirm that the clinical score is a useful and inexpensive screening test for osteomalacia in British Asians. In those patients with an abnormal score we suggest that parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase are measured. Where both parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase are high, in the absence of hypercalcaemia, histological osteomalacia is extremely likely.
In vivo pharmacology of astemizole, a new type of H1-antihistaminic compound. (1981)

Astemizole (R 43 512), a chemically novel compound, has been studied for its in vivo histamine H1-antagonizing properties in laboratory animals. The test models used were: in rats, protection from compound 48/80-induced lethality and inhibition of histamine-induced skin reactions; in guinea-pigs, protection from histamine-induced fatality and bronchoconstriction and in dogs, inhibition of histamine-and Ascaris allergen-provoked skin oedema formation. When compared to standard antihistamines, astemizole showed a higher oral potency and a longer duration of action in all animal models studied. Astemizole's activity was highly specific: it exerted only weak antiserotonin and no anticholinergic actions. Behavioral and drug interaction studies showed that it was devoid of depressant or stimulatory effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Astemizole was very atoxic: safety margins were greater than 25,000 in rats and mice, 30,800 in guinea-pigs and greater than 2000 in dogs. The data of this study indicate that astemizole can be described as a potent, exceptionally long-acting and selective histamine H1-antagonist, free of central and toxic effects.
Phononic bath engineering of a superconducting qubit (2023)

This upload is the data and code supporting the results of: Phononic bath engineering of a superconducting qubit. Each folder represents the results of a different type of measurement, with references to the figures in the published paper in the corresponding Jupyter notebooks. If you find the data and/or code to be useful in your work, please cite the paper. If you have any comments or questions about the contents of this upload, please contact: Johannes Pollanen (principle investigator): pollanen@msu.edu<br> Joe Kitzman (first author): kitzmanjoe@gmail.com
Isolation of a highly cytopathic lentivirus from a nondomestic cat (1995)

A feline immunodeficiency virus-like virus (FIV-Oma) isolated from a Pallas' cat (Otocolobus manul) is highly cytopathic in CrFK cells, in contrast to the chronic, noncytolytic infection established by an FIV isolate from a domestic cat (FIV-Fca). The virions have typical lentivirus morphology, density, and magnesium-dependent reverse transcriptase activity. The major core protein is antigenically cross-reactive with that of FIV-Fca; however, FIV-Oma transcripts do not cross-hybridize with FIV-Fca. A conserved region of the FIV-Oma pol gene has 76 to 80% nucleic acid identify with the corresponding pol regions of other feline lentiviruses and 64 to 69% identity with those of human, ovine, and equine lentiviruses.
The calcium ion and membrane binding structure of the Gla domain of calcium-prothrombin fragment 1 (1992)

The structure of Ca-prothrombin fragment 1 (residues 1-156 prothrombin) has been solved and refined at 2.2-A resolution by X-ray crystallographic methods. The first two-thirds of the Gla domain (residues 1-48) and two carbohydrate chains (approximately 5 kDa) are disordered in crystals of apo-fragment 1. When crystals are grown in the presence of Ca2+ ions, the Gla domain exhibits a well-defined structure binding seven Ca2+ ions, but the carbohydrate is still disordered. Even so, the crystallographic R factor reduced to 0.171. The folding of the Gla domain is dominated by 9-10 turns of three different alpha-helices. These turns produce two internal carboxylate surfaces composed of Gla side chains. A polymeric array of five Ca2+ ions separated by about 4.0 A intercalates between the carboxylate surfaces. The coordination of the Ca2+ ions with Gla carboxylate oxygen atoms and water molecules leads to distorted polyhedral arrangements with mu-oxo bridges in a highly complex array that most likely orchestrates the folding of the domain. The overall mode of interaction of the Ca2+ ions is new and different from any Ca2+ ion-protein interactions heretofore observed or described. The fluorescence quenching event observed upon Ca2+ ion binding is due to a disulfide-pi-electron interaction that causes a 100 degrees reorientation of Trp42 of the Gla domain. The Ca2+ ion interaction also affords the N-terminus protection from acetylation because the latter is buried in the folded structure and makes hydrogen-bonding salt bridges with Gla17, Gla21, and Gla27. The Gla domain and its trailing disulfide unit associate intimately and together give rise to a domain-like structure. Electrostatic potential calculations indicate that the Gla domain is very electronegative. Since most of the carboxylate oxygen atoms of Gla residues are involved in Ca2+ ion binding, leaving only a few for bridging Ca2+ ion-phospholipid interactions, the role of bridging Ca2+ ions might be generally unspecific, with Ca2+ ions simply intervening between the negative Gla domain and negative head groups of the membrane surface. The folding of the kringle structure in apo- and Ca-fragment 1 is essentially the same. However, the Ser36-Ala47 helix of the Gla domain pivots around Cys48, shifting by approximately 30 degrees, and the helix encroaches on the kringle producing some concomitant changes. These might be related to the protection of carbohydrate carrying Asn101 from acetylation in the Ca-fragment 1 structure.
Figure S1 from A Novel Theranostic Strategy for <i>MMP-14</i>–Expressing Glioblastomas Impacts Survival (2023)

&lt;p&gt;CLIO-ICTs induce apoptosis in GBM&lt;/p&gt;
Nicotinamide attenuates the decrease in dendritic spine density in hippocampal primary neurons from 5xFAD mice, an Alzheimer’s disease animal model (2020)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the patients' brains. In this study, we investigated the alterations in metabolite profiles of the hippocampal tissues from 6, 8, and 12 month-old wild-type (WT) and 5xfamiliar AD (5xFAD) mice, an AD mouse model harboring 5 early-onset familiar AD mutations, which shows memory loss from approximately 5 months of age, by exploiting the untargeted metabolomics profiling. We found that nicotinamide and adenosine monophosphate levels have been significantly decreased while lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) (16:0), LysoPC (18:0), and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) (16:0) levels have been significantly increased in the hippocampi from 5xFAD mice at 8 months or 12 months of age, compared to those from age-matched wild-type mice. In the present study, we focused on the role of nicotinamide and examined if replenishment of nicotinamide exerts attenuating effects on the reduction in dendritic spine density in hippocampal primary neurons from 5xFAD mice. Treatment with nicotinamide attenuated the deficits in spine density in the hippocampal primary neurons derived from 5xFAD mice, indicating a potential role of nicotinamide in the pathogenesis of AD. Taken together, these findings suggest that the decreased hippocampal nicotinamide level could be linked with AD pathogenesis and be a useful therapeutic target for AD.
Model of Complications of NIDDM: I. Model construction and assumptions (1997)

A probabilistic model of NIDDM predicts the vascular complications of NIDDM in a cohort representative of the incident cases of diabetes in the U.S. before age 75 years. Predictions of complications and mortality are consistent with the known epidemiology of NIDDM. The model is suitable for evaluating the effect of preventive interventions on the natural history of NIDDM.
Production of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in the Nonspecific Acute Phase Response Enhances Host Resistance to Bacterial Infection (2002)

Mice mounting an acute phase response, induced by sterile inflammation after a single s.c. injection of casein 24 h beforehand, were remarkably protected against lethal infection with Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. This was associated with enhanced early clearance of bacteremia, greater phagocytosis and oxidative burst responses by neutrophils, and enhanced recruitment of neutrophils into tissues compared with control, nonacute phase mice. Casein-induced inflammation was also associated with increased concentrations of G-CSF in serum, and administration of neutralizing Ab to this cytokine completely abrogated protection against Escherichia coli infection after casein pretreatment. Injection of recombinant murine G-CSF between 3 and 24 h before infection conferred the same protection as casein injection. In contrast, the casein-induced acute phase response affected neither serum values of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, or IL-6 after E. coli infection nor susceptibility to LPS toxicity. Furthermore, protection against infection was unaffected in IL-1R knockout mice, which have deficient acute phase plasma protein responses, or after nonspecific inhibition of acute phase protein synthesis by D-galactosamine or specific depletion of complement C3 by cobra venom factor. Increased production of G-CSF in the acute phase response is thus a key physiological component of host defense, and pretreatment with G-CSF to prevent bacterial infection in at-risk patients now merits further study, especially in view of increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
Complementary genomic and epigenomic adaptation to environmental heterogeneity (2022)

While adaptation is commonly thought to result from selection on DNA sequence-based variation, recent studies have highlighted an analogous epigenetic component as well. However, the relative roles of these mechanisms in facilitating population persistence under environmental heterogeneity remain unclear. To address the underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and their relationship during environmental adaptation, we screened the genomes and epigenomes of nine global populations of a predominately sessile marine invasive tunicate, Botryllus schlosseri. We detected clear population differentiation at the genetic and epigenetic levels. Patterns of genetic and epigenetic structure were significantly influenced by local environmental variables. Among these variables, minimum annual sea surface temperature was identified as the top explanatory variable for both genetic and epigenetic variation. However, patterns of population structure driven by genetic and epigenetic variation were somewhat distinct, suggesting possible autonomy of epigenetic variation. We found both shared and specific genes and biological pathways among genetic and epigenetic loci associated with environmental factors, consistent with complementary and independent contributions of genetic and epigenetic variation to environmental adaptation in this system. Collectively, these mechanisms may facilitate population persistence under environmental change and sustain successful invasions across novel environments.
Serum Phenytoin Concentrations in Uremia (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1981Serum Phenytoin Concentrations in UremiaLOIS ALDWIN, PH.D., DAVID S. KABAKOFF, PH.DLOIS ALDWIN, PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID S. KABAKOFF, PH.DSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-6-785_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Burgess and associates (1) have presented evidence that homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EMIT; Syva Corporation, Palo Alto, California) yields falsely high results for phenytoin concentrations as compared with gas-liquid chromatography on samples from patients with end-stage renal disease. Serum phenytoin ascertainments for control patients with normal renal function were not statistically different for the two methods.The authors tested the hypothesis that metabolite interference caused the apparent increase in phenytoin by measuring serum phenytoin concentration before and after hemodialysis in 16 patients. They found a median decrease in serum hydroxyphenyl phenylhydantoin (HPPH)-glucuronide, the major phenytoin metabolite, from 33.6...References1. BURGESSFRIELBLAIRRAISYS EPAV. Serum phenytoin concentrations in uremia. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:59-60. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ALDWINKABAKOFF LD. Metabolite interference in homogeneous enzyme immunoassay of phenytoin. Clin Chem. 1981;27:770-1. Letter. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Syva Company Palo Alto, CA 94303 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPhenytoin and Phenobarbital Concentrations in Renal InsufficiencyJOHN W. TURK, M.D., PH.D., JACK H. LADENSON, PH.D. 1 December 1981Volume 95, Issue 6Page: 785-785KeywordsAttentionEnzyme immunoassayEnzyme multiplied immunoassay techniqueGas liquid chromatographyMetabolitesRenal failure Issue Published: 1 December 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Influence of Physical Aging on the Molecular Motion and Structural Relaxation in Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and Related Polyesters (2000)

A combination of dielectric relaxation, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and positron annihilation measurements is reported on melt-cast films of poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(ethylene naphthalate), and their copolymers. The effects of change in the chemical structure of the polyesters are rationalized in terms of increased restriction of the mobility of the polar segments of the chain by the incorporation of the bulky naphthalate structure. All the quenched samples exhibit physical aging when raised to elevated temperatures, the rate depending on the degree of undercooling used in the aging experiments. The free volume surprisingly does not change significantly with temperature and leads to the suggestion that the reduction in the dielectric permittivity is a consequence of a reduction in the mobility of the local segments. The increased storage modulus is also consistent with a reduction in mobility. This proposal is further confirmed by the observation of a good correlation between the rates and extents of the physical aging as detected by dynamic mechanical and dielectric relaxation measurements. Similarities in the activation energies of the β relaxation process for all the polymers investigated indicate that the dipole relaxation processes have a common origin and can be ascribed to motion of the linking polar entity. This study implies that aging is accompanied by an increase in ordering within these polyesters.