gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Terminal complement proteins C5b-9 release basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor from endothelial cells. (1994)

Interactions between endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells play a major role in the biology of the blood vessel wall. Growth factors released from endothelial cells control in part the normal and pathological proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Endothelial deposits of C5b-9 proteins, the membrane attack complex of complement (MAC), have been found in a variety of pathological tissues in which cell proliferation is an early characteristic abnormality, including atherosclerosis. We have explored a possible bridging role for terminal complement C5b-9 proteins in eliciting focal signals for cell proliferation by releasing growth factors from endothelial cells. We found that both bovine aortic and human umbilical vein cells respond to the MAC by releasing basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor. These mitogens stimulate DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3, vascular smooth muscle, and glomerular mesangial cells. Based on these findings, we propose that complement-induced release of mitogens from endothelial cells is a novel pathogenic mechanism for proliferative disorders.
In Silico and In Vitro: Identifying New Drugs (2008)

Drug development is a high cost and laborious process, requiring a number of tests until a drug is made available in the market. Therefore, the use of methods to screen large number of molecules with less cost is crucial for faster identification of hits and leads. One strategy to identify drug-like molecules is the search for molecules able to interfere with a protein function, since protein interactions control most biological processes. Ideally the use of in silico screenings would make drug development faster and less expensive. Currently, however, the confirmation of biological activity is still needed. Due to the complexity of the task of drug discovery, an integrated and multi-disciplinary approach is ultimately required. Here we discuss examples of drugs developed through a combination of in silico and in vitro strategies. The potential use of these methodologies for the identification of active compounds as well as for early toxicity and bioavailability is also reviewed.
The NF-κB regulator Bcl-3 restricts terminal differentiation and promotes memory cell formation of CD8+ T cells during viral infection (2021)

Bcl-3 is an atypical member of the IκB family that acts in the nucleus to modulate transcription of many NF-κB targets in a highly context-dependent manner. Accordingly, complete Bcl-3-/- mice have diverse defects in both innate and adaptive immune responses; however, direct effects of Bcl-3 action in individual immune cell types have not been clearly defined. Here, we document a cell-autonomous role for Bcl-3 in CD8+ T cell differentiation during the response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Single-cell RNA-seq and flow cytometric analysis of virus-specific Bcl3-/- CD8+ T cells revealed that differentiation was skewed towards terminal effector cells at the expense of memory precursor effector cells (MPECs). Accordingly, Bcl3-/- CD8+ T cells exhibited reduced memory cell formation and a defective recall response. Conversely, Bcl-3-overexpression in transgenic CD8+ T cells enhanced MPEC formation but reduced effector cell differentiation. Together, our results establish Bcl-3 as an autonomous determinant of memory/terminal effector cell balance during CD8+ T cell differentiation in response to acute viral infection. Our results provide proof-of-principle for targeting Bcl-3 pharmacologically to optimize adaptive immune responses to infectious agents, cancer cells, vaccines and other stimuli that induce CD8+ T cell differentiation.
Editorial: Lob der Verschiedenheit – Umgang mit Heterogenität in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Bildung (2011)

Obwohl sich der Diskurs über den Umgang mit Heterogenität und Diversität in den letzten Jahren intensiviert hat, ist das Thema wirtschaftsdidaktisch „unterbelichtet“. Im Beitrag werden – ohne einen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit – einige grundsätzliche Überlegungen über den Umgang mit Heterogenität und Diversität angesprochen. Hervorgehoben wird, dass in der Diskussion die je spezifische und komplexe Bedürfnislage des Einzelnen ins Zentrum gerückt wird, also subjektbezogene Differenzkategorien im Mittelpunkt stehen. Welche Herausforderungen sich angesichts objektbezogener Differenzkategorien ergeben, wird nur gelegentlich angesprochen.Angesicht der heterogenen Weltbilder, Paradigma und Bezugsdisziplinen für und in einer sozialwissenschaftlichen Bildungslandschaft mit ihrer Vielzahl an fachdidaktischen Konzepten und den damit verbundendidaktischen Handlungsfeldern (Curricula, Bildungsstandards, Lehr-Lern-Methoden, Materialien, Lehr-Lern-Umgebungen etc.) stellen sich ein ganzes Bündel von Fragen, die in diesem Beitrag aufgelistet und partiell in diesem Heft erörtert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed Double Silylation of Bis(trimethylsilyl)butadiyne by Means of Disilanes. (1987)

Abstract Reaction of 1,4‐bis(trimethylsilyl)butadiyne (I) with the methylated chlorodisilanes (II) in the presence of Pd catalysts and subsequent treatment with excess methylmagnesium bromide (III) yield tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)butatriene (IV) and the enyne (V) as the main products, together with the disilacyclohexadienes (VI) and (VII).
Poly(aniline) : synthese, mise en oeuvre et vieillissement (1998)

Ce travail est consacre a la synthese, la mise en œuvre et le vieillissement d'un polymere conducteur (pc) : la polyaniline (pani). Deux morphologies ont ete etudiees : des poudres divisees de pani dopee par l'acide chlorhydrique (pani-hci) et des films de pani dopee par l'acide camphre sulfonique (csa) obtenus par l'evaporation de solutions dans le m-cresol. Dans une premiere partie, nous presentons la synthese chimique basse temperature par voie oxydante de la pani. Le controle des parametres de synthese a permis de preciser le mecanisme de polymerisation et d'obtenir des polymeres de masse moleculaire elevee ou les defauts chimiques du squelette macromoleculaire sont minimises. La deuxieme partie presente une revue de connaissances relatives au dopage, a la structure chimique et cristallographique et a l'aptitude a la mise en œuvre de ce pc. Les caracterisations des differentes pani synthetisees ont permis d'etudier les relations structure/proprietes en soulignant les benefices apportes par l'amelioration du protocole de synthese. La definition d'une strategie de choix des associations pani/dopant/solvant a permis l'obtention de films de pani qui presentent un comportement metallique. La troisieme partie de ce recueil est consacree au vieillissement de poudres divisees de pani-hci et de films de pani-csa. Cette thematique est abordee selon deux aspects : l'identification et l'etude des mecanismes reactionnels qui conduisent a la deterioration de la conductivite ainsi que la prevision du comportement a long terme de la conductivite par la mise en place de tests de vieillissement accelere.
Association Between the Photodynamic Loss of Bcl-2 and the Sensitivity to Apoptosis Caused by Phthalocyanine Photodynamic Therapy¶ (2003)

We have reported that photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the photosensitizer phthalocyanine (Pc) 4 and red light damages the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Recently, using transient transfection of Bcl-2 deletion mutants, we identified the membrane anchorage domains of Bcl-2 as necessary to form the photosensitive target. However, it is not clear how Bcl-2 photodamage sensitizes cells to Pc 4-PDT-induced apoptosis, whether overall cell killing is also sensitized or how up-regulation of Bcl-2 in tumors might make them more or less responsive to Pc 4-PDT. In this study we report on MCF-7c3 cells (human breast cancer cells expressing stably transfected procaspase-3) overexpressing wild-type Bcl-2 or certain deletion mutants in either a transient or a stable mode. By flow cytometric analysis of transiently transfected cells, we found that wild-type Bcl-2, Bcl-2delta33-54 and Bcl-2delta37-63 (each of which can be photodamaged) protected cells from apoptosis caused by Pc 4-PDT. In contrast, Bcl-2delta210-239, which lacks the C-terminal transmembrane domain and cannot be photodamaged, afforded no protection. We then evaluated the PDT sensitivity of transfected cell lines stably overexpressing high levels of wild-type Bcl-2 or one of the Bcl-2 mutants. Overexpression of wild-type Bcl-2, Bcl-2delta33-54 or Bcl-2delta37-63 resulted in relative resistance of cells to Pc 4-PDT, as assessed by morphological apoptosis or loss of clonogenicity. Furthermore, overexpression of Bcl-2 also inhibited the activation-associated conformational change of the proapoptotic protein Bax, and higher doses of Pc 4 and light were required to activate Bax in cells expressing high levels of Bcl-2. Many advanced cancer cells have elevated amounts of Bcl-2. Our results show that increasing the dose of Pc 4-PDT can overcome the resistance afforded by either Bcl-2 or the two mutants. PDT regimens that photodamage Bcl-2 lead to activation of Bax, induction of apoptosis and elimination of the otherwise resistant tumor cells.
Numerical computation of vortex sheet roll-up in the background shear flow (1996)

The motion of a planar vortex sheet in the presence of a uniform shear flow is considered. We use the same numerical method as Krasny in his study of vortex sheets, namely, Chorin's vortex blob method. A linear analysis shows that the background shear influences the motion of the vortex sheet in such a way that with respect to low frequency modes it is stabilized in some cases. We examine this phenomenon not only by the linear analysis but also by a numerical simulation of the nonlinear integral equation. In particular, we note carefully how the number and the location of the roll-ups of a vortex sheet change as the strength of shear changes.
Experimental Demonstration of the Molten Oxide Electrolysis Method for Oxygen and Iron Production from Simulated Lunar Materials (2006)

This paper presents the results of a Marshall Space Flight Center funded effort to conduct an experimental demonstration of the processing of simulated lunar resources by the molten oxide electrolysis (MOE) process to produce oxygen and metal from lunar resources to support human exploration of space. Oxygen extracted from lunar materials can be used for life support and propellant, and silicon and metallic elements produced can be used for in situ fabrication of thin-film solar cells for power production. The Moon is rich in mineral resources, but it is almost devoid of chemical reducing agents, therefore, molten oxide electrolysis, MOE, is chosen for extraction, since the electron is the most practical reducing agent. MOE was also chosen for following reasons. First, electrolytic processing offers uncommon versatility in its insensitivity to feedstock composition. Secondly, oxide melts boast the twin key attributes of highest solubilizing capacity for regolith and lowest volatility of any candidate electrolytes. The former is critical in ensuring high productivity since cell current is limited by reactant solubility, while the latter simplifies cell design by obviating the need for a gas-tight reactor to contain evaporation losses as would be the case with a gas or liquid phase fluoride reagent operating at such high temperatures. In the experiments reported here, melts containing iron oxide were electrolyzed in a low temperature supporting oxide electrolyte (developed by D. Sadoway, MIT).
Hypoxic Preconditioning Promotes the Bioactivities of Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the HIF-1α-GRP78-Akt Axis (2017)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are ideal materials for stem cell-based therapy. As MSCs reside in hypoxic microenvironments (low oxygen tension of 1% to 7%), several studies have focused on the beneficial effects of hypoxic preconditioning on MSC survival; however, the mechanisms underlying such effects remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the potential mechanism involving 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) to explain the enhanced MSC bioactivity and survival in hindlimb ischemia. Under hypoxia (2% O₂), the expression of GRP78 was significantly increased via hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Hypoxia-induced GRP78 promoted the proliferation and migration potential of MSCs through the HIF-1α-GRP78-Akt signal axis. In a murine hind-limb ischemia model, hypoxic preconditioning enhanced the survival and proliferation of transplanted MSCs through suppression of the cell death signal pathway and augmentation of angiogenic cytokine secretion. These effects were regulated by GRP78. Our findings indicate that hypoxic preconditioning promotes survival, proliferation, and angiogenic cytokine secretion of MSCs via the HIF-1α-GRP78-Akt signal pathway, suggesting that hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs might provide a therapeutic strategy for MSC-based therapies and that GRP78 represents a potential target for the development of functional MSCs.
Up close with herpesviruses (2018)

Two high-resolution structures reveal how ∼3000 proteins are arranged in the herpes simplex virus capsid
Drill path planning system for robotic skull-base surgery (2008)

In this report, the author presents a system for robotic path planning for use in a robotic skull-base surgery system. The author describes the visualizing methods for the skull, tumor, nerves and other critical features.
Korea Balancing economic growth and social protection for older adults (2013)

Lee, Kyonghee; Sung Jooho.June, 2013.Korea,Articles,Geneve, SwissThe International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics,18
Consolidation group taxation in Russia: special aspects and development path (2015)

This article investigates taxation of consolidation groups in Russia. Production infrastructures, initial level of development of the regions, system of taxation affect the socio-economic development of the regions and our country. The system of taxation of consolidated groups is borrowed from foreign tax systems. This new tax tool has a lot of restricts, for example value of assets, revenues, VAT amount, excise duty. Also, the formula for profit share calculation is not effective. Thatâs why; taxation system of consolidated groups should be improved. The article explains what special aspects and development path of system can be changed.
Properties of ultra-thin wafer-bonded silicon-on-insulator MOSFET's (1991)

Strong interface coupling effects on the subthreshold and transconductance characteristics have been experimentally observed and analytically modeled. For total depletion, the subthreshold swing reaches a nearly ideal value. The front channel subthreshold slope of ultrathin MOSFETs is very sensitive to the density of states at the buried Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface so that a thicker fully depleted film is preferable when the quality of this interface is poor. The transconductance reaches a maximum for total depletion. Simple theoretical models are proposed which explain the substantial variations of the transconductance and subthreshold slope as the opposite interface is scanned from inversion to total depletion and accumulation. These MOSFETs behave very well and demonstrate that high carrier mobilities and low densities of defects can be obtained at both interfaces even in ultrathin silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Particle Swarm Optimization for economic dispatch problems with valve-point effects (2010)

Laplace Crossover Particle Swarm Optimization (LXPSO) is a variant of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) which employs Laplace Crossover to PSO. LXPSO is already proven to be cost effective and reliable for the test problems of continuous optimization. Economic dispatch (ED) problem is one of the fundamental issues in power system operations. The problem of economic dispatch turns out to be a continuous optimization problem which is solved using original PSO and its variant LXPSO in expectation of better results. Results are also compared with the earlier published results.
Grid coordination by using the grid coordination protocol (2004)

In grids, many control subsystems are implemented by group of distributed agents that need to be coordinated and synchronised. In this paper we present a tool that implements a coordination protocol based on a generic, extensible and personalisable token passing protocol. We show how this tool performs different types of synchronisation tasks in a real Grid testbed. The Grid coordination protocol (GCP) is described, then its implementation, validation and usage, in the context of the European DataGrid project, are presented. We illustrate how GCP is used for network performance measurement coordination, for monitoring equipment configuration synchronisation and also for Grid network topology discovery operations.
Cyclopropylm-nitrophenyl ketone (2002)

The title compound, C10H9NO3, exhibits near coplanarity of the phenyl ring with the C=O bond and the nitro group. Through the O atoms of the carbonyl and nitro groups and the H atoms of the phenyl rings, a network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds involves each mol­ecule with four other mol­ecules. The result is a structure composed of discrete two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded molecular layers.
Inkjet fabrication of hydrogel microarrays using in situ nanolitre-scale polymerisation (2008)

Polymer hydrogel microarrays were fabricated by inkjet printing of monomers and initiator, allowing up to 1800 individual polymer features to be printed on a single glass slide.
Acetylene‐terminated amide oligomers (1993)

Abstract Six new acetylene‐terminated (AT) oligomers were synthesized by reaction of 3‐ethynylbenzoyl chloride and 4‐ethynylbenzoyl chloride with three aromatic diamines containing four aromatic rings. The functionalization led quantitatively to AT oligomeric diamides of well defined composition, as confirmed by IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The materials exhibited comparatively high melting points, over 200°C; thus, heating promoted curing before melting or simultaneously with melting, with the only exception of one sample that could be isolated in the amorphous state. Heating at 325°C led to insoluble cured materials, with excellent thermal resistance and glass transition temperatures T g around 300°C.
360° Stereo image based VR motion sickness testing system (2017)

There is a trend that VR contents using Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) get highlighted these days. However, most of users suffer from the difficulties in use of VR contents due to motion sickness. In this paper, definition, causes and solutions for the motion sickness will be investigated. To resolve the motion sickness problem, this paper will propose the test system which allows users to prevent motion sickness at the time when VR contents are produced and take a close look at the architecture of the system.
Comments on a letter by J.R. Wait on magnetic resistivity (1992)

In response to the arguments of J.R. Wait (ibid., vol.34, no.2, p.139, 1992), the commenter gives four different reasons for not neglecting magnetic sources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
hTid-1, a Human DnaJ Protein, Modulates the Interferon Signaling Pathway (2001)

The Jak family of protein-tyrosine kinases are crucial for the signaling of a large number of different polypeptide ligands, including the interferons, many cytokines, erythropoietin, and growth factors. Through their interaction with receptors, the Jaks initiate a signaling cascade resulting in the activation of gene transcription and ultimately a cellular response to various ligands. In addition to their role in cellular signaling, alteration of Jak activity has been implicated in several disease states. In identifying Jak2-interacting proteins with the yeast two-hybrid system, we cloned the human homologue of the Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene lethal () tumorous imaginal discs, which encodes the protein Tid56. Drosophila Tid56 and its human homologue hTid-1 represent members of the DnaJ family of molecular chaperones. The TID1 gene encodes two splice variants hTid-1(S) and hTid-1(L). We confirmed the interaction between Jak2 and hTid-1(S) or hTid-1(L) by immunoprecipitation from COS-1 cells expressing these proteins. The interaction between endogenous hTid-1 and Jak2 was shown in HEp2 cells. We further showed that hTid-1 interacts with the human interferon-gamma (Hu-IFN-gamma) receptor subunit IFN-gamma R2. In addition, using a chimeric construct where the extracellular domain of IFN-gamma R2 was fused to the kinase domain of Jak2, we showed that hTid-1 binds more efficiently to the chimera with an active kinase domain than to a similar construct with an inactive kinase domain. Additionally, the data demonstrate that hTid-1 isoforms as well as Jak2 interact with Hsp70/Hsc70 in vivo, and the interaction between Hsp70/Hsc70 and hTid-1 is reduced after IFN-gamma treatment. Furthermore, both hTid-1(S) and hTid-1(L) can modulate IFN-gamma-mediated transcriptional activity.
Understanding and exploiting the mechanistic basis for selectivity of polyketide inhibitors of F 0 F 1 -ATPase (2000)

Recently, a family of polyketide inhibitors of F(0)F(1)-ATPase, including apoptolidin, ossamycin, and oligomycin, were shown to be among the top 0.1% most cell line selective cytotoxic agents of 37, 000 molecules tested against the 60 human cancer cell lines of the National Cancer Institute. Many cancer cells maintain a high level of anaerobic carbon metabolism even in the presence of oxygen, a phenomenon that is historically known as the Warburg effect. A mechanism-based strategy to sensitize such cells to this class of potent small molecule cytotoxic agents is presented. These natural products inhibit oxidative phosphorylation by targeting the mitochondrial F(0)F(1) ATP synthase. Evaluation of gene expression profiles in a panel of leukemias revealed a strong correlation between the expression level of the gene encoding subunit 6 of the mitochondrial F(0)F(1) ATP synthase (known to be the binding site of members of this class of macrolides) and their sensitivity to these natural products. Within the same set of leukemia cell lines, comparably strong drug-gene correlations were also observed for the genes encoding two key enzymes involved in central carbon metabolism, pyruvate kinase, and aspartate aminotransferase. We propose a simple model in which the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is activated in response to a shift in balance between aerobic and anaerobic ATP biosynthesis. Inhibitors of both lactate formation and carbon flux through the Embden-Meyerhof pathway significantly sensitized apoptolidin-resistant tumors to this drug. Nine different cell lines derived from human leukemias and melanomas, and colon, renal, central nervous system, and ovarian tumors are also sensitized to killing by apoptolidin.