gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: A focused systematic review and practice parameter update (2017)

When critically analyzing the allergic rhinitis guidelines that use the rigorous Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology, different groups of expert authors, using the same reference articles, will, at times, reach different conclusions regarding the quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendation. Factors potentially contributing to these divergent determinations include: lack of objective primary outcome measures in allergic rhinitis, poorly defined Minimal Clinically Important Difference, failure to include all interested parties in guideline development, for example, patients, and subjectivity inherent in the expert panel.
Spot scanning system for proton radiotherapy (1980)

In order to provide a uniform and desirable dose distribution over a large radiation field, spot beam scanning is one of the most useful methods. A new spot beam scanning system was constructed for a 70 MeV proton beam. The lateral dose distribution was uniform with +/- 2.5% for an 18 cm square field. It was possible to control the dose at each point in the radiation field by this spot scanning method. This system has been confirmed to be satisfactory for delivering a proton beam in the desired field shape and dose level.
Determination of the Charge Collection Efficiency in Neutron Irradiated Silicon Detectors (2009)

The charge collected from p-type silicon strip sensors irradiated to SuperLHC fluences has been determined with a beta source using fast front-end electronics. The bias voltage dependence of the collected charge and the hit detection efficiency have been measured before and after accelerated annealing. Predictions of the performance at the SuperLHC are derived.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐ACYL‐ UND N‐ALKYL‐DERIVATE VON 1,10‐TRIMETHYLENPIPERAZINO(1,2‐A)INDOL (1971)

Abstract 8‐Methyl‐1,10‐trimethylenpiperazino( 1,2‐a)indol (Ia) läßt sich mit Essigsäureanhydrid oder mit den Säurechloriden (II) in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin in die N‐Acylderivate (IIIa) überführen (65 ‐ 96% Ausbeute).
Antimicrobial Effect of Bamboo (Phyllosrachys Bambusoides) Essential Oil on Trichophyton and Pityrosporum (2003)

1. 무좀균에 대한 각 시료들이 항균력으로 terbinafine > 100%-bamboo oil> 50%-bamboo oil순으로 나타내었다. 무좀균에 대한 Bamboo oil에 대한 영향으로는 T.M > E.F > T.R의 순서대로 항균력을 나타내었으며, 특히 T.M에 대하여 가장 우수하게 나타내었다. 2. 비듬균에 대한 각 시료들이 항균력으로는 terbinafine > 100%-bamboo oil > 50%-bamboo oil순으로 나타내었다. 비듬균에 대한 Bamboo oil에 대한 영향으로는 P.O-75 > P.O-77의 순서대로 항균력을 나타내었으며, 특히 P.O-75에 대하여 가장 우수 하게 나타내었다. 3. 50%-bamboo oil은 무좀균과 비듬균에 대하여 항균력이 있는 겋으로 나타내었으au, 100%-Bmboo oilㅇ의 항균력과 비슷하게 나타내었으며, 경비 절감 측면에서 기대를 걸 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 【In order to develop a antimicrobial agent, bamboo oil was extracted by high temperature suction from dired bamboo truk and then antimictobial activities against Trichophyton and Pityrosporum are investigated. 1. Bamboo oil showed the strongest antimicrobial effect on Trichophyton mentagrophytes > Epidermophyton floccusum > Trichophyton rubrun. Bamboo oil showed the strongest antimicrobial activity on Trichophyton mentagrophytes. 2. Bamboo oil showed the strongest antimicrobial effect on Pityroporum ovale 75 > Pityrosporum ovale 77. Bamboo oil showe the strongest antimicrobial activity on Pityroporum ovale 75.3 Antimicrobial effect in 50%-ethanol extracts of bamboo oil are similar to 100%-bamboo oil.】
Effects of Experimental Conditions on The Morphology and Photocurrent Density of TiO2Nanorods (2013)

Oriented TiO2 nanorod arrays were directly synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates through a hydrothermal method. Experimental results demonstrate that a number of reaction parameters including acidity, reactant concentration, growth time and reaction temperature can affect the morphology and photocurrent density of TiO2 nanorods. For example, the length of the nanorods significantly increases with the growth time or reaction temperature, while the diameter is only influenced by reaction temperature but not growth time. Photocurrent density firstly improves but then decreases with the reaction temperature, and there are no clear correlations between photocurrent density and growth time. These results will provide helpful information on the optimization of reaction parameters for the synthesis of oriented rutile TiO2 nanorods with high photoelectrical conversion efficiency for solar cell applications.
EXTRA STABLE 2′,5′-LINKED RNA LOOPS (2001)

We prepared hairpins that differ in the connectivity of phosphodiester linkages in the loop (RNA vs 2', 5'-RNA). We find that the stability of the extra stable RNA hairpin 5'-rGGAC(UUCG)GUCC-3' is the same as that observed for the hairpin containing a 2',5'RNA loop, i.e. 5'-rGGAC(UUCG)GUCC-3' (where UUCG = U2'p5'U2'p5' C2'p5'G2'p5'). Also significant is the finding that when the stem is duplex DNA, duplex 2',5'-RNA, or DNA:2',5'-RNA, hairpins with the UUCG loop are more stable than those with UUCG loop.
Sensorfusion fuer die Beschreibung der Fahrsituation mit Daten des Versuchsfahrzeugs ViewCar / Sensor fusion for the description of driving situations with the data of the test vehicle ViewCar (2008)

Der Beitrag stellt ein Sensorfusionssystem zur Erkennung und Bewertung der Fahrumgebung eines Strassenfahrzeugs vor. Die zentralen Entwurfsentscheidungen zum Aufbau des Sensorfusionssystems werden eingefuehrt und am Beispiel der Objekterkennung auf Grundlage der Daten eines Laserscanners und einer Kamera vertiefend diskutiert. Das Fusionssystem besteht aus drei aufeinander aufbauenden Verarbeitungsebenen. In einer sensornahen Ebene (low-level) werden die Bilder vorverarbeitet (Bildverbesserung) und der Fahrkorridor anhand der Laserscannerdaten erkannt. In der Objektebene (middle-level) werden Objekthypothesen anhand einzelner Sensoren erzeugt und fusioniert. Fuer die Kamera werden Bildmerkmale wie Konturen, Strassentextur und markante Eckpunkte verwendet. Schliesslich wird in der abstrakten Ebene (high-level) zukuenftig eine Gefahrenerkennung erfolgen. Das Sensorfusionssystem ist modular aufgebaut und deshalb flexibel anpassbar und erweiterbar. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: In this approach a sensor fusion system for modelling the driving environment is presented. The design decisions for the system are introduced and exemplified by an object detector where the data of a laser scanner and a video camera is fused. The system consists of three processing levels: at the low level the camera images are enhanced and the driving corridor is detected from the laser scanner data. At the middle level, object hypotheses are generated from the single sensors and fused into model objects. For the images, contour, road texture and distinctive points are used. Finally, at a high level, dangerous situations can be detected in the future on the basis of these modules. This is a modular approach, which can easily be adapted and extended. (A) Beitrag zur VDI-Tagung Optische Technologien in der Fahrzeugtechnik, Leonberg, 3. und 4. Juni 2008. Siehe auch Gesamtaufnahme der Tagung, ITRD-Nummer D364540.
A reliable multicast data distribution protocol based on software FEC techniques (2005)

Applications requiring the reliable distribution of data to groups of clients would be supported perfectly by reliable multicast protocols. In many cases, the problem of congestion control (a major research issue otherwise) does not exist because downlink bandwidth is "owned" or can be preallocated to a particular server by independent means, but the problems of insuring reliable data delivery to larcre groups, and adaptability to heterogeneous clients, still remain. These problems can be solved at once with the use of FEC techniques. In this paper we show the design of a Reliable Multicast data Distribution Protocol (RMDP) that we have built using these techniques, and discuss the implementation tradeoffs. Experimental results show that, albeit somewhat expensive, doing encoding/decoding in software is affordable for speeds in the Mbit/s range even on low-end PCs. Slower machines can still receive at high speed, thus optimizing network usage, by taking advantage of the fact that decoding needs not to be done in real time. Finally, our RMDP can work even without any feedback from the receivers, thus making it well suited to mobile/wireless systems.
Kinetic Stabilization of Microtubule Dynamics at Steady State by Tau and Microtubule-Binding Domains of Tau (1995)

Tau is a neuronal microtubule-associated protein that plays an important role in stabilizing axonal microtubules and maintaining neuronal processes. To investigate the mechanisms by which tau performs these functions, we have determined the actions of full-length adult tau and tau peptides corresponding to two different microtubule-binding domains of tau (the first repeat, R1, VRSKIGSTENLKHQPGGG, and the first interrepeat, R1-R2 IR, KVQIINKK) on the growing and shortening dynamics at the plus ends of individual microtubules at steady state. Tau suppressed steady-state microtubule dynamics at very low molar ratios of tau to tubulin. At the lowest ratios examined (tau:tubulin ratios of 1:175 and 1:85), suppression of dynamics occurred in the absence of a detectable change in polymer mass. Tau reduced the mean rate and extent of shortening and, in contrast to previous work carried out under conditions of net polymer gain, tau also suppressed the mean rate and extent of growing. Tau also strongly increased the rescue frequency, it moderately suppressed the catastrophe frequency and it strongly increased the percentage of total time that the microtubules spent in an attenuated (pause) state, neither growing nor shortening detectably. In addition, both the R1 and R1-R2 IR tau peptides suppressed steady-state microtubule dynamics in a sequence-specific manner and in a manner that was qualitatively indistinguishable from full-length tau. The data provide significant support for a mechanism in which the binding of tau to individual tubulin subunits in microtubules induces a conformational change that strengthens inter-tubulin bonding.
A novel viral protein translation mechanism reveals mitochondria as a target for antiviral drug development (2020)

Abstract The ongoing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has acutely highlighted the need to identify new treatment strategies for viral infections. Here we present a pivotal molecular mechanism of viral protein translation that relies on the mitochondrial translation machinery. We found that rare codons such as Leu-TTA are highly enriched in many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, and these codons are essential for the regulation of viral protein expression. SARS-CoV-2 controls the translation of its spike gene by hijacking host mitochondria through 5’ leader and 3’UTR sequences that contain mitochondrial localization signals and activate the EGR1 pathway. Mitochondrial-targeted drugs such as lonidamine and polydatin significantly repress rare codon-driven gene expression and viral replication. This study identifies an unreported viral protein translation mechanism and opens up a novel avenue for developing antiviral drugs. One Sentence Summary Mitochondria are a potential target for antiviral therapy
New Techniques in Hemorrhage Control (2017)

The use of interventional procedures in trauma has increased steadily over the past 10 years. With advancements in both imaging and device technology, endovascular techniques have become part of the treatment algorithm for both large and small vessel injury. Endovascular therapy in trauma involves a minimally invasive, catheter-based approach, which can be used as a temporizing measure in patients in extremis or as definitive therapy in a wide variety of diagnoses. Sheaths, catheters, and guide wires are universal instruments, regardless of procedure. Devices passed over guide wires form the basis of diagnosis and treatment. Using this technology provides many advantages to traditional open surgical therapy, namely the avoidance of large and potentially morbid incisions. Angioembolization, stent grafting, and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) are being used with increasing frequency in trauma centers, with established algorithms, multiinstitutional trials, and more published data available, particularly for solid-organ and pelvic hemorrhage. Key words: angiography, embolization, hemorrhage, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta, stent graft
Analysis of Drivers' Behaviors in Car Following Based on Performance Index for Approach and Alienation (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A performance index for approach and alienation that estimates driver's status such as inattentive operation from the vehicles behavior as a result of the driver's visual cognition, judgment, and operation is proposed to prevent rear-end crashes. The index is based on the hypothesis that drivers are performing approach detection with change of area of a preceding car on the retina.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;First, it is shown that safe driving behaviors of experimental results and micro data of traffic accidents with a rear-end collision as danger status can be distinguished using the proposed index. Then, results of basic laboratory experiments with a joystick and a LCD system show that the index reflects changes of the danger level, visual capability, and awareness of the drivers. In addition, a driver model of the deceleration behaviors in preceding-car-following situation is developed by hypothesizing that drivers determine the acceleration and deceleration behavior by the function of the proposed index. In addition, we investigate a test driver's deceleration behavior and characterize it based on the index. Moreover, the validity of the characterization is shown by the experiments using a driving simulator with various situations. We conclude that the drivers' deceleration behavior in moderate danger levels can be characterized well in phase plane of the proposed index and the headway distance.&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOMETALLARSINE 7. MITT. RK. VON ORGANOZINNARSINEN MIT PHENYLAZID (1970)

Abstract Die Arsine (I) bzw. (IV) reagieren mit dem Azid (II) in Benzol unter Eliminierung von molekularem Stickstoff zu Arsinimiden (III) bzw. (V) mit 44 bzw. 25% Ausbeute.
Parkinsonism and dystonia in Lubag disease respond well to high pulse width/low-frequency globus pallidus interna DBS (2015)

Lubag disease ( DYT3 ), an X-linked neurodegenerative condition featuring dystonia and parkinsonism, is caused by mutations in the TAF1 gene.1 DYT3 has been reported to respond to globus pallidus interna (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) using frequencies above 100 Hz (table). We describe the first case of DYT3 responding to high pulse width and low-frequency stimulation.
Conversion of (–)-4-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-7-en-3-one into the anti-HIV agent carbovir (1993)

R. A. MacKeith, R. McCague, H. F. Olivo, C. F. Palmer and S. M. Roberts, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 313 DOI: 10.1039/P19930000313
Characterisation of Human Body Shadowing in Millimetre Wave Systems (2021)

One of the main challenges in millimetre wave (mm-wave) communication for fifth-generation (5G) and beyond systems is the shadowing of received signals. A mobile device in proximity to a human body can result in shadowing of the received mm-wave signal. By investigating different antenna heights, it is possible to model shadowing based on which, the channel capacity and the resulting average attenuation in the shadow region of the human body is derived. It is proven that the attenuation in the body's shadow for a mm-wave signal at 26GHz can be reduced when the transmit and receive antenna heights are adjusted. Forwards and backwards movement of the body causes positive and negative Doppler Shift, respectively, producing frequency dispersion, in addition to the channel delay-dispersion. It is also demonstrated that a steerable beam reduces the signal attenuation in the shadow region significantly, as the delay-dispersion of the channel reduces.
Optimization of composite forming processes using nonlinear thermal models and the proper generalized decomposition (2016)

The potential of reduced order models to improve computational efficiency without any loss of behavioral fidelity, is attracting many researchers. Indeed, the reduced order models appear to be efficient for linear models. However, the challenge isn't won yet facing the nonlinear models. The Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) is one of the popular reduced order models techniques. In fact, it reduces the computation time by separating the space dimensions and therefore reducing the dimensionality of the problem. Moreover, the PGD treats nonlinearity by a linearization step, using iterations for example. However, the aim of using reduced order models is the computation time reduction. Using iterative linearization techniques, computation time reduction becomes irrelevant and therefore new techniques should be proposed. In this work we propose a new linearization method by combining the PGD and the POD (Proper Orthogonal Decomposition). The treated problem rises from thermoset materials' curing where a coupling between the nonlinear heat equation and the nonlinear curing kinetics exists.
Compiler-Assisted and Profiling-Based Analysis for Fast and Efficient STT-MRAM On-Chip Cache Design (2019)

Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM) is a promising candidate for large on-chip memories as a zero-leakage, high-density and non-volatile alternative to the present SRAM technology. Since memories are the dominating component of a System-on-Chip, the overall performance of the system is highly dependent on that memories. Nevertheless, the high write energy and latency of the emerging STT-MRAM are the most challenging design issues in a modern computing system. By relaxing the non-volatility of these devices, it is possible to reduce the write energy and latency costs, at the expense of reducing the retention time, which in turn may lead to loss of data. In this article, we propose a hybrid STT-MRAM design for caches with different retention capabilities. Then, based on the application requirements (i.e., execution time and memory access rate), program data layout is re-arranged at compilation time for achieving fast and energy-efficient hybrid STT-MRAM on-chip memory design with no reliability degradation. The application requirements have been defined at function granularity based on profiling and compiler-level analysis, which estimate the required retention time and memory access rate, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid STT-MRAM cache combined with profiling-based and compiler-level analysis for the data re-arranging, on average, reduces the write energy per access by 49.7%. At system level, overall static and dynamic energy of the cache are reduced by 8.1% and 44%, respectively, whereas, the system performance has been improved up to 8.1%.
Manganese(III) complexes in oxidative decarboxylation of acids (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTManganese(III) complexes in oxidative decarboxylation of acidsJames Morley Anderson and Jay K. KochiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 8, 2450–2460Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00711a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00711a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1180Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Dataset S7 from Loss of NF1 in Melanoma Confers Sensitivity to SYK Kinase Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Dataset S7&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF VINCA ALKALOIDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. 8. UNUSUAL ALKYLATION OF AN ENAMINE (1979)

Abstract Das aus dem Aldehyd (I) durch Umsetzung mit Di‐n‐butylamin (II) hergestellte Enamin (III) wird mit Benzylbromacetat oder Benzylchlorid (IV) alkyliert.
How to calculate optimum pipe size for liquids (1993)

Line sizing is an integral and fundamental step of any plant design or revamp project each engineering group has its own sizing criteria. Some are based on fluid velocity. Others prefer to use criteria based on pressure drop per 100 feet of pipe. Simplified equations and graphs are derived to estimate optimum pipe size for liquid flow, based on minimum operating and capital costs. The system is set at pump discharge conditions, but the results can also be applied to any liquid lines that minimize pressure drop. The paper describes the problem; derivation; operating costs; and results. Other cases are briefly mentioned.
Radio-over-fiber transmission using vortex modes (2015)

This paper demonstrates experimentally the distribution of radio-over-fiber (RoF) signals using orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light over standard OM4 multimode fiber (MMF) at 850 nm wavelength. Five independent OAM modes are used to convey RoF signals in the microwave regime showing robust performance and therefore opening new prospects for enhancing the capacity of MMF based RoF Links.
Photon pair generation in hydrogenated amorphous silicon microring\n resonators (2016)

We generate photon pairs in a-Si:H microrings using a CW pump, and find the\nKerr coefficient of a-Si:H to be $3.73 \\pm 0.25 \\times 10^{-17}m^2/W$. By\nmeasuring the Q factor with coupled power we find that the loss in the a-Si:H\nmicro-rings scales linearly with power, and therefore cannot originate from two\nphoton absorption. Theoretically comparing a-Si:H and c-Si micro-ring pair\nsources, we show that the high Kerr coefficient of this sample of a-Si:H is\nbest utilized for microrings with Q factors below $10^3$, but that for higher Q\nfactor devices the photon pair rate is greatly suppressed due to the first\norder loss.\n