gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design And Installation Of Auger Steel Catenary Risers (1994)

ABSTRACT The Auger export pipelines are connected to the TLP by steel catenary risers (SCRs). This is believed to be theftrst time steel pipe has been used for catenary risers. SCRs offer advantages over tensioned risers, since SCRs need no heave compensation and no subsea connections, and over risers made of "flexible pipe", since SCRs are much less expensive. However, significant design effort was required to prove that the SCRs could safely withstand environmental loads and the effects of TLP motions. The design effort consisted of extensive dynamic analyses as well as full scale fatigue testing of both the riser joint welds and the flexible joint that connects the riser to the TLP pontoon. Devices which suppress vortex induced vibrations were also tested. SCR installation is accomplished by lowering the riser on the abandonment and recovery cable from the J-Lay installation vessel and transferring the riser on a chain that is run through a chain jack hung from the TLP upper deck structure. A special Installation and Maintenance System was built for this purpose. INTRODUCTION Oil and gas export pipelines are connected to Shell's Auger Tension Leg Platform (TLP) by steel catenary risers (SCRs). Each SCR is essentially an extension of the pipeline [1], suspended in a near-catenary shape from a TLP pontoon to the seafloor. See Figure 1. The SCRs are composed of steel pipe sections welded end-to-end, terminating at a flexible joint which is supported by a receptacle mounted on the pontoon. Piping is routed from the deck down a TLP column and along the pontoon, where there is a flange connection to the top of thei1exible joint. This is believed to be the first application of steel pipe for catenary risers. SCRs offer advantages over risers made of "flexible pipe" since SCRs are much less expensive. SCRs also offer advantages over top tensioned risers since SCRs need no heave compensation, no subsea connections, and no flexible jumpers to transition to fixed piping at the production deck. For some applications a disadvantage of catenary risers compared to top tensioned risers is the length of active footprint on the seafloor, but this is not the case for Auger. Each SCR has an outside diameter of 12.75 inches and a wall thickness of 0.688 inch. The pipe material is API 5LX-52. The entire riser has a triple coat epoxy/polyethylene coating for corrosion protection and high abrasion resistance in the touchdown area. The upper 500 feet has a 0.5-inch thick neoprene coating for additional protection and marine growth prevention, plus triple-start helical strakes for suppression of vortex induced ibration (VIV). The flexible joint provides a rotation capacity for the upper end of the riser of ±14 degrees from the installed orientation of the riser, which is 11 degrees from vertical. See Figure 2. The maximum operating pressure is 2160 psi and the maximum operating temperature is 100 degrees F.
Simultaneous quantitative profiling of 20 isoprostanoids from omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids by LCeMS/MS in various biological samples (2016)

Isoprostanoids are a group of non-enzymatic oxygenated metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It belongs to oxylipins group, which are important lipid mediators in biological processes, such as tissue repair, blood clotting, blood vessel permeability, inflammation, and immunity regulation. Recently, isoprostanoids from eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, adrenic and a-linolenic namely F3-isoprostanes, F4-neuroprostanes, F2-dihomo-isoprostanes and F1-phytoprostanes, respectively have attracted attention because of their putative contribution to health. Since isoprostanoids are derived from different substrate of PUFAs and can have similar or opposing biological consequences, a total isoprostanoids profile is essential to understand the overall effect in the testing model. However, the concentration of most isoprostanoids range from picogram to nanogram, therefore a sensitive method to quantify 20 isoprostanoids simultaneously was formulated and measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The lipid portion from various biological samples was extracted prior to LC-MS/MS evaluation. For all the isoprostanoids LOD and LOQ, and the method
was validated on plasma samples for matrix effect, yield of extraction and reproducibility were determined. The methodology was further tested for the isoprostanoids profiles in brain and liver of LDLR-/- mice with and without docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation. Our analysis showed similar levels of total F2-isoprostanes and F4-neuroprostanes in the liver and brain of non-supplemented LDLR-/- mice. The distribution of different F2-isoprostane isomers varied between tissues but not for F4-neuroprostanes which were predominated by the 4(RS)-4-F4t-neuroprostane isomer. DHA supplementation to LDLR-/- mice concomitantly increased total F4-neuroprostanes levels compared to F2-isoprostanes but this effect was more pronounced in the liver than brain
There are EXACTLY 1493804444499093354916284290188948031229880469556 Ways to Derange a Standard Deck of Cards (Ignoring Suits) [and Many Other Such Useful Facts] (2021)

In this paper, we derive recurrence equations for efficiently calculating the number of multiset derangements, by applying holonomic methods to the Even-Gillis formula.
The Social Exclusion of Dually-Involved Youth: Toward a Sense of Belonging (2017)

We use an institutional life course perspective to explore the social exclusion of dually-involved youth. We begin by defining the concept of social exclusion and present one mechanism of social exclusion, the set of institutions operating in the lives of dually-involved youth. We use the social exclusion framework to extend the implications of studies of dually-involved youth, and propose three stages of social-exclusion for dually-involved youth. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of broad investments in families, schools, and communities to ensure that dually-involved youth develop a sense of belonging and the capabilities necessary to live meaningful lives.
A Comparative Survey of the Frequency and Distribution of Polymorphism in the Genome of Xenopus tropicalis (2020)

Naturally occurring DNA sequence variation within a species underlies evolutionary adaptation and can give rise to phenotypic changes that provide novel insight into biological questions. This variation exists in laboratory populations just as in wild populations and, in addition to being a source of useful alleles for genetic studies, can impact efforts to identify induced mutations in sequence-based genetic screens. The Western clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis (X. tropicalis) has been adopted as a model system for studying the genetic control of embryonic development and a variety of other areas of research. Its diploid genome has been extensively sequenced and efforts are underway to isolate mutants by phenotype- and genotype-based approaches. Here, we describe a study of genetic polymorphism in laboratory strains of X. tropicalis. Polymorphism was detected in the coding and non-coding regions of developmental genes distributed widely across the genome. Laboratory strains exhibit unexpectedly high frequencies of genetic polymorphism, with alleles carrying a variety of synonymous and non-synonymous codon substitutions and nucleotide insertions/deletions. Inter-strain comparisons of polymorphism uncover a high proportion of shared alleles between Nigerian and Ivory Coast strains, in spite of their distinct geographical origins. These observations will likely influence the design of future sequence-based mutation screens, particularly those using DNA mismatch-based detection methods which can be disrupted by the presence of naturally occurring sequence variants. The existence of a significant reservoir of alleles also suggests that existing laboratory stocks may be a useful source of novel alleles for mapping and functional studies.
An Efficient Method of Eliminating the Range Ambiguity for a Low-Cost FMCW Radar Using VCO Tuning Characteristics (2006)

This paper describes a simple method of eliminating the range ambiguity and the design approach for low-cost and small-size homodyne frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars. The range measurement accuracy could be efficiently improved by proper time gating of the beat signal without any closed-loop linearity compensation circuitry for typical varactor-tuned voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). The presented selectively gated fast Fourier transformation method is immune to the frequency shift of the VCOs. A W-band FMCW radar using a raw varactor-tuned VCO having the percent linearity of 7.16% was implemented, and achieved less than 2% ranging error of the target lying at 200 m. Owing to the simple structure and fast processing speed, this method is applicable to the various low-cost radar sensors for ranging and detection
A new technique to denature red cells for spleen scanning. (1970)

Summary and Conclusion The use of concentrated ACD and stable sodium chromate to denature the 51Cr-tagged autologous red cells for spleen scintiscanning is described. Organ distribution data in rats and dogs 4 and 24 hr after i.v. injection of labeled erythrocytes with and without modification is presented. Studies show that combination of concentrated ACD and stable chromate yields maximum sequestration of labeled cells in the spleen with very low concentrations in liver, kidneys and circulating blood. The technique has been successfully used in 20 patients. Representative spleen scans of two patients are shown. The advantages of combined ACD and stable chromate denaturation over the heat-treatment technique are simplicity and quicker denaturation. The 203Hg-BMHP has the drawback of significant uptakes in nontarget organs and the possibility of chemical toxic effects.
Orphan G Protein–Coupled Receptor GPRC5B Controls Smooth Muscle Contractility and Differentiation by Inhibiting Prostacyclin Receptor Signaling (2020)

Taken together, our data show that GPRC5B regulates vascular SMC tone and differentiation by negatively regulating IP signaling.
Single Particle ICP-MS (SP-ICP-MS) For the Detection of Metal-Based Nanoparticles in Environmental Matrices: Application to Silver Nanoparticles in Surface Water (2015)

The National Nanotechnology Initiative defines engineered nanomaterials (ENM) as those with dimensions of 1–100 nm, where their unique characteristics enable novel applications to be carried out. ENMs often possess different properties than their bulk counterparts of the same composition, making them of great interest for a broad spectrum of industrial, commercial, and health care uses. However, the widespread application of ENMs will inevitably lead to their release into the environment, which raises concerns about their potential adverse effects on the ecosystems and their impact on human health. This paper discusses the theory of Single Particle ICP-MS (SP-ICP-MS) and in particular, its use in characterizing, counting and sizing metal-based nanoparticles in Environmental Matrices. This breakthrough advancement in ICP-MS allows researchers to track the fate/transformation of nanoparticles in various matrices. Single Particle-ICP-MS allow the differentiation between ionic and particulate signals without any separation, measure particle concentration down to as low as 1000 particles/mL with great precision and determine particle size and size distribution. With fast sample analysis time, SP-ICP-MS is a key analytical technique in assessing the fate, behavior and distribution of ENMs in different sample Environmental Matrices.
Unidirectional Influx and Net Accumulation of PIB (2008)

The compound {N-methyl-[(11)C]}2-(4'-methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole, "PIB", measured by positron emission tomography, has been demonstrated to image brain beta-amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study the benefit of measuring the PIB accumulation rate together with the unidirectional influx of PIB into the brain was investigated in healthy control subjects and patients with AD. In a monkey changes in the influx rate constant K(1) of PIB closely followed changes in CBF, caused by alteration of Pa(CO2). In addition, K(1) was high both in the monkey and in humans, suggesting that this parameter reflects CBF. Most AD patients studied showed clearly higher accumulation rate for PIB than the controls in cortical brain areas, while a few patients showed as low accumulation as the controls. K(1) did not correlate with the accumulation rate, indicating that K(1) for PIB provides extra information besides the accumulation rate.
The beta-transformation: a case study for chaos based cryptography (2009)

In this paper we study characteristics of the beta-transformation and its suitability as a candidate for implementation as a symmetric cryptosystem. For β > 1 the betatransformation is given by fβ (x) = βx(mod1) and x ∈ [0, 1]. It is well known that its Lyapunov exponent is λ = logβ. Since λ > 0 it ensures that the beta-transformation is a non-linear chaotic system. Finally, we will also attempt to build a discrete version of the beta-transformation.
DEVELOPMENT OF AXLE TORQUE BY THE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE REAR DUAL TIRES (1990)

ABSTRACT A two-wheel-drive agricultural tractor equipped with dual tires on the rear axles was instrumented so that the axle torque developed by the inside and outside dual tires could be separately measured. Tractive performance was evaluated at three different inflation pressure combinations; the inflation pressure in the outside tire being less than, equal to, and greater than the inflation pressure in the inside tire. Performance tests were conducted on three different surfaces, concrete, stubble, and plowed soil. No apparent differences in overall tractive efficiency and dynamic traction ratios were observed among the dual tire inflation pressure combinations for a specific surface. However, the respective torques developed by the inside and outside tires were affected by the inflation pressure combinations and type of surface the tractor was operated on.
PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT FOR YANGON REGION, MYANMAR (2012)

According to the seismicity and the records of the previous considerably high magnitude earthquakes, Yangon Region can be regarded as the low to medium seismicity region. Moreover, tectonically the region is surrounded by the subduction zone between the Indian Plate and Burma Plate to the west and the right lateral Sagaing fault to the east. The most significant earthquake happened around this region is the Bago earthquake of 5th May, 1930 with the magnitude of 7.3. This earthquake caused 500 casualties and great destruction in Bago. However, considerable damage and 50 deaths were recorded in Yangon. It was originated from the Sagaing fault. The seismic hazard analysis is performed for Yangon Region by applying the probabilistic way. In conducting seismic hazard analysis, firstly the most possible seismic sources are identified and the seismic source parameters are then determined for each sources. Based on the seismicity, focal mechanism study of the previous events, and the geological data, the main seismic sources to cause the earthquake potentials for this region are subduction zone of Indian Plate beneath Burma Plate, Sagaing fault, and Kyaukkyan fault. Including those sources, thirteen areal seismic sources and two fault sources are identified. After that the seismic source parameters such as the seismicity parameters of a- and bvalues, maximum magnitude of earthquake potentials and earthquake recurrence parameters for certain magnitude of each seismic source are estimated. The seismic hazard analysis is carried out for 10% and 2% probabilities of exceedance in 50 years and the seismic hazard maps are represented in terms of peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration at the periods of 0.2s and 1.0s for those recurrence intervals.
Evaluation of the alopecia areata patients on tofacitinib treatment during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2021)

Tofacitinib is a Janus Kinase 3 inhibitor that is used in the treatment of alopecia areata. We recommended our alopecia areata patients to discontinue their tofacitinib treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic for an average of 80 days. We aimed to evaluate the drug use and the SARS-CoV-2 infection status of alopecia areata patients; and the relationships of recurrence to age, gender, treatment duration, and tofacitinib discontinuation. One-hundred and ninety-one (61.4%) patients were off the drug and 120 (38.6%) were on therapy during the pandemic. The relationship between drug discontinuation due to the COVID-19 pandemic and recurrence was statistically significant (P < .001). Statistically significant relationships of age (P = .013) and treatment duration (P < .001) to recurrence were also found. The change in the SALT score differed between the patients on therapy and off therapy during the pandemic (P < .001). A significant negative correlation was found between the change in the SALT score and treatment duration: the spearman correlation test P = .018. We concluded that the patients may continue to the tofacitinib therapy during the rest of the COVID-19 pandemic if the benefit outweighed the risk.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Formosan black bear (Ursus thibetanus formosanus) (2009)

A complete mitochondrial genome of the Formosan black bear (Ursus thibetanus formosanus) was obtained by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. The genome spans 17,044 bp that includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes. The base composition of the heavy strain is 31.0% A, 25.6% C, 15.7% G, and 27.7% T. The control region (CR) is located between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe, consists of 1,595 bp, and comprises 9.4% of the whole genome. The DNA sequence shares 98.7%, 96.3%, 91.0%, 91.8%, and 91.7% similarity with those of U. t. thibetanus, U. t. mupinensis, U. americanus, U. arctos, and U. maritimus respectively. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the Formosan black bear is more closely related to U. t. thibetanus than to U. t. mupinensis.
Drug-Induced Immune Hemolysis (1985)

Among the major unresolved issues about drug-induced immune hemolytic anemias are the possible mechanisms by which drugs may induce hemolytic antibodies, and the means to establish a definitive diagnosis, since laboratory tests for drug-related antibodies are negative in a frustratingly large percentage of cases in which the clinical suspicion is strong. The article by Salama and Mueller-Eckhardt in this issue of the Journal 1 provides important information about laboratory diagnosis based on a sound knowledge of possible mechanisms of interaction between red cells and drug-induced antibodies.The pioneering work on mechanisms of drug-induced immune cytolysis was performed by Ackroyd,2 whose investigations . . .
Elemental Doping and Interface Effects on Spin–Orbit Torques in CoSi‐Based Topological Semimetal Thin Films (2022)

Abstract This work reports on Ni and Fe doping and interface effects on spin–orbit torques (SOTs) generated from a topological semimetal CoSi. CoSi thin films grown on Al 2 O 3 (0001) substrates by magnetron co‐sputtering show the B 20 structure with a texture in the [210] orientation even after Ni or Fe doping. The SOTs from the films exerted on the magnetization of a CoFeB layer are evaluated by harmonic Hall and spin‐torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements. The spin Hall efficiency ξ SH of the textured B 20‐CoSi at room temperature is determined to be 9.6%, which decreases to 1.8% for Ni 0.15 Co 0.85 Si and to 5.5% for Fe 0.26 Co 0.74 Si. The electrical conductivity dependence of the spin Hall conductivity is assigned to the regime of intrinsic mechanism of spin Hall effect, suggesting that the reduction of ξ SH with the element doping can be due to the degradation in topological electronic structures of CoSi. Furthermore, inserting a Cu layer at the Co(Ni, Fe)Si/CoFeB interface results in an increase of the ξ SH up to 10.9% for CoSi, 4.0% for Ni 0.15 Co 0.85 Si, and 8.3% for Fe 0.26 Co 0.74 Si. These enhancements of the ξ SH can be attributed to the improvement in the interfacial spin transparency between the Co(Ni, Fe)Si and CoFeB layers.
Subacute NO generation induced by Alzheimer's β‐amyloid in the living brain: reversal by inhibition of the inducible NO synthase (2000)

Glial activation contiguous to deposits of amyloid peptide (Abeta) is a characteristic feature in Alzheimer's disease. We performed complementary in vitro and in vivo experiments to study the extent, kinetics, and mechanisms of microglial generation of nitric oxide (NO) induced by challenge with Abeta. We showed that Abeta fibrils dose-dependently induced a marked release of stable metabolites of NO in vivo that was strikingly similar regarding extent and temporal profile to the one in the parallel designed microglial cell culture experiments. However, costimulation with interferon gamma, which was a prerequisite for Abeta-induced NO generation in vitro, was not required in vivo, demonstrating that factors are present in the living brain that activate glial cells synergistically with Abeta. Therefore, in Alzheimer's disease, deposits of Abeta fibrils alone may be sufficient to induce a chronic release of neurotoxic microglial products, explaining the progressive neurodegeneration associated with this disease. Our observation that systemic administration of selective iNOS inhibitors abolishes Abeta-induced NO generation in vivo may have implications for therapy of Alzheimer's disease.
A novel circularly polarized half mode circular substrate integrated waveguide antenna using meandered strip feeding technique (2016)

A technique to design a compact half mode substrate integrated circular cavity (HMSICC) cavity backed antenna is presented in this letter. The proposed antenna achieves left-handed circularly polarized(LHCP) using a crossed slot, The feeding meandered stripline on the middle layer are able to achieve better impedance match and axial ratio bandwidth. Measured results show that the prototype achieves a bandwidth of 10.5% for −10dB return loss, axial ratio(AR) bandwidth is about 3% with maximum gain of 6.5dBi. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 26:668–673, 2016.
EVALUACIÓN DE LAS NECESIDADES ASISTENCIALES PODOLÓGICAS EN LOS CENTROS GERONTOLÓGICOS. ESTUDIO ESTADÍSTICO. (2011)

Using purified enzyme in agar gel precipitation, it was shown that staphylococci produce two types of coagulase different in biological action and immunological property. The homologous enzyme is specific for human fibrinogen in strains belonging to phage groups I, II, III and specific for bovine fibrinogen in strains of phage group IV. The heterologous enzyme acts upon bovine fibrinogen in case of strains belonging to phage groups I, II or III, and upon human fibrinogen if they belong to phage group IV. The complete enzyme produces with the serum of the homologous enzyme two precipitation bands in agar gel; one is unidentical, the other identical with the coagulase of strains belonging to any of the phage groups. In a heterologous system, the enzymes of every strain give a single band reaction. The strains isolated from bovine mastitis and typable with phage 116 of phage group II are an exception in that they give a precipitation band in both the homologous and the heterologous systems. These staphylocoagulases show in both systems antigenic identity with the homologous coagulase produced by strain of phage group IV.
Carbon-doped boron nitride cold cathodes (1996)

These results reflect what is believed to be the first observation of electron emission from carbon-doped boron nitride (BN). The n-type BN films were synthesized on n-type polycrystalline diamond on (100)Si using reactive laser ablation. The electron emission current density measured at room temperature shows a power law dependence. Emission currents as high as 60 mA cm−2 have been measured from 150 nm thick n-type BN films on a 24 μm n-type polycrystalline diamond film on a (100)Si substrate. These films show a current density/applied field behavior indicative of negative electron affinity.