gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of BRAF‐V600E in the serrated pathway of colorectal tumourigenesis (2007)

There is increasing evidence for an alternative pathway of sporadic colorectal tumourigenesis that is associated with DNA microsatellite instability (MSI), due to methylation and loss of expression of the mismatch repair gene MLH1. Recent studies have highlighted a serrated pathway of colorectal cancer (CRC) in which serrated polyps with activating mutations in BRAF progress to CRCs with MSI following methylation and silencing of MLH1. The present study provides a novel mechanistic experimental model for these clinical observations. We investigated the role of BRAF activating mutation (BRAF-V600E) in colorectal tumourigenesis by studying the effects of forced expression of BRAF-V600E in the 'normal' colon epithelial NCM460 cell line and by targeting endogenous BRAF-V600E in MSI-High (MSI-H) colon cancer cell lines. The findings indicate that BRAF mutation in colon epithelial cells contributes to a gain in resistance towards apoptotic stimuli, which is likely to be an important characteristic of pre-malignant serrated lesions. BRAF-V600E also plays a role in the development and maintenance of transformed and invasive phenotypes in colon epithelial cells. Our findings also suggest that BRAF mutation potentiates promoter hypermethylation of the MLH1 gene promoter. Together, these results highlight BRAF as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in sporadic MSI-H colorectal cancers.
Delivery of bacterial artificial chromosomes into mammalian cells with psoralen-inactivated adenovirus carrier (1997)

Molecular biology has many applications where the introduction of large (>100 kb) DNA molecules is required. The current methods of large DNA transfection are very inefficient. We reasoned that two limits to improving transfection methods with these large DNA molecules were the difficulty of preparing workable quantities of clean DNA and the lack of rapid assays to determine transfection success. We have used bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) based on the Escherichia coli F factor plasmid system, which are simple to manipulate and purify in microgram quantities. Because BAC plasmids are kept at one to two copies per cell, the problems of rearrangement observed with YACs are eliminated. We have generated two series of BAC vectors bearing marker genes for luciferase and green fluorescent protein (GFP). Using these reagents, we have developed methods of delivering BACs of up to 170 kb into mammalian cells with transfection efficiency comparable to 5-10 kb DNA. Psoralen-inactivated adenovirus is used as the carrier, thus eliminating the problems associated with viral gene expression. The delivered DNA is linked to the carrier virus with a condensing polycation. Further improvements in gene delivery were obtained by replacing polylysine with low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI) as the DNA condensing agent.
Full bandstructure modeling of quantum well infrared photodetectors (2002)

Full bandstructure modeling of quantum well infrared photodetectors is presented. This model includes the effects from the non-parabolic bandstructure, which is described by a tight-binding model. The quantum transmitting boundary method and retarded Green function are used to determine the bound states and quasi-bound state in the quantum well. Analytic and numerical methods are employed to resolve the density of bound and continuum states. The momentum matrix elements are extracted by comparing with a k/spl middot/p model. Several samples with different quantum well structures are studied. The peak wavelength of the spectrum predicted by this model shows a good agreement with the experimental data.
Clinical analysis of malignant tumor patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus infection (2012)

Objective To explore and analyze the clinical feature of malignant tumor patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus.Methods The clinical date of malignant tumor inpatients who were coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College from 2007 October to 2011 September were retrospectively analyzed,and the clinical features were summarized.Results From 2007 October to 2011 September,23 649 patients with malignant tumors were detected in this hospital.There were 112 patients screened out of antiHIV positive,then confirmed diagnosis,and the positive rate was 0.47％.Of them,there were 65 males and 47 females,male to female ratio was 1.39 ∶ 1 ; most of them aged 40-49 years old,accounting for 40.18％ (45 cases) ; the main career was farmer,accounting for 28.57％ (32 cases); the main cancer types were lymphoma (20 cases,17.86％) and lung cancer (15 cases,13.39％) in men,cervical cancer (21 cases,18.75％) and lymphoma (15cases,13.39％) in women.Conclusions The detection of malignant tumor patients with HIV infection should be paid much attention.Balance the treatment between the benefit and the harm to facilitate early treatment will help to prevent nosocomial infections.

Key words: 
Neoplasms; Human immunodeficiency virus; Infection
SYNTHESIS OF RAFFINOSE IN SPRUCE TWIGS (1963)

Detached spruce twigs were allowed to photosynthesize in C 14 O 2 , or were fed labelled glucose, fructose, or galactose through the stem. The sucrose and raffinose formed were isolated and the distribution of C 14 between their constituent monosaccharides was determined. Raffinose formed photosynthetically had a relatively low amount of C 14 in its galactose moiety. The actual labelling pattern showed a seasonal variation but raffinose seems to be synthesized by galactosylation of uniformly labelled sucrose. When monosaccharides were administered through the stem it appears that two different pools of sucrose are involved, one of which is not uniformly labelled. This is discussed in relation to transport of sugars.
Determining and controlling the electromagnetic environment for Space Station Freedom (1993)

Critical issues facing the SSF electromagnetic compatibility community are discussed focusing on effective utilization of SSF resources to perform overall SSF verification. Attention is also given to management and phases of an Electromagnetic Environment Effects Control Program (EEECP) aimed at producing an electromagnetically compatible station.
간호사가 인식하는 지식경영 중요도와 간호업무성과와의 관계 (2012)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to provide basic reference for knowledge management in nursing by analyzing the relationship between perceived importance of knowledge management and nursing performance. Method: SPSS 14.0 program was used for data analysis. Frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe''s test and Pearson correlation coefficient were calculated. Result: Importance of Knowledge Management according to general characteristics showed significant difference in departments. Nursing Performance according to general characteristics has a noticeable difference statistically in age, departments, total work experience, work experience in present department, position. There was a positive correlation between importance of knowledge management and nursing performance.
Conclusion: It is important to learn knowledge constantly in connection with nursing works under realization of that it is the basis for qualitative nursing.
A study on the stability of current-mode control using time-delay model of pulse-width-modulator (2008)

This paper concentrates on the dynamic behavior of pulse-width-modulator (PWM) and the time-delay introduced in the modulation process is highlighted. In order to describe this effect, we derive a time-delay model, based on which the closed-loop stability of current-mode control is studied and a novel interpretation of the subharmonic oscillation is presented. Compared to its existing counterpart, the proposed model exhibits the following superiorities: (a) possesses a simpler mathematical expression; (b) gives more physical insight into the sample and hold effect of current loop; (c) provides a better prediction of the critical condition of the current loop stability without slope compensation in engineering practice. This novel time-delay model is validated by simulation results.
Transition detector for CD and DVD (2000)

This bit detector for d=2 modulation codes is remarkably simple, supports very high data rates, can be adaptive, and is capable of handling nonlinearities. The performance approaches that of a full-fledged maximum-likelihood sequence detector.
Illumination invariant segmentation of spatio-temporal images by spatio-temporal Markov random field model (2003)

In order to resolve occlusion problems, we have proposed the Spatio-Temporal Markov Random Field model for segmentation of spatio-temporal images. This S-T MRF optimizes the segmentation boundaries of occluded objects and their motion vectors simultaneously, by referring to textures and segment labeling correlations along the temporal axis as well as the spatial axes. Recently, we have extended this model to segment spatial MRF energy distributions of images along the temporal axis, in order to resolve the problem of illumination effects. Since such spatio-temporal distribution of MRF energies is so stable against illumination effects, the model is able to appropriately segment spatiotemporal images against variations in illumination and shading effects. Consequently, in the evaluation of S-T MRF for application to vehicle tracking in traffic images, segmentation boundaries of vehicle regions were successfully determined even in cases of serious occlusions and shading effects.
Refreshment need metrics for improved shape and texture object-based resilient video coding (2003)

Video encoders may use several techniques to improve error resilience. In particular, for video encoders that rely on predictive (inter) coding to remove temporal redundancy, intra coding refreshment is especially useful to stop error propagation when errors occur in the transmission or storage of the coded streams, which can cause the decoded quality to decay very rapidly. In the context of object-based video coding, the video encoder can apply intra coding refreshment to both the shape and the texture data. In this paper, shape refreshment need and texture refreshment need metrics are proposed which can be used by object-based video encoders, notably MPEG-4 video encoders, to determine when the shape and the texture of the various video objects in the scene should be refreshed in order to improve the decoded video quality, e.g., for a given bitrate.
Electrolyte environment modulates differentiation in embryonic renal collecting duct epithelia. (1998)

The influence of electrolytes on the development of renal principal and intercalated collecting duct cells is unknown. Consequently embryonic collecting duct epithelia were exposed to different electrolyte concentrations, and their degree of differentiation was registered by immunohistochemical methods. Embryonic collecting duct epithelia were isolated from neonatal rabbit kidneys and placed on tissue carriers. The apical urine and the basal serum compartments were simulated in a gradient culture container. The two sides of the epithelium were each constantly superfused with medium for 13 days. In controls the medium on both apical and basal side was standard Iscove's modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM) with 112 mmol/l Na+ and 85 mmol/l Cl-. In experimental series the NaCl concentration at the basal side of the epithelium was increased up to 137 mmol/l Na+ and 99 mmol/l Cl- as found in the serum of neonatal rabbits. Light microscopy revealed morphologically faultless epithelia following gradient perfusion culture in standard and NaCl-adapted IMDM. The development of principal and intercalated cell features was monitored with the monoclonal antibodies 703, 503, PCD9, and peanut lectin. Cells immunopositive for monoclonal antibody 703, for example, increased from less than 10% in controls to more than 80% in NaCl-adapted IMDM. It is a new finding that the development of collecting duct cell features is influenced by the extracellular electrolyte environment.
Systems engineering in the design of mechatronic systems (2002)

Complex mechatronic systems, for example brake or injection systems (ESP, Common Rail) consist of a large number of components from different physical domains. The interaction of these components is essential for the function and behaviour of the overall system. The design of mechatronic systems can be facilitated using a methodology called systems engineering (8,13,30,36). Systems engineering unifies the product and process issues in the design process of mechatronic systems so that the design methodology, design process, CAE-environment and the organisational structure of the company are considered simultaneously. As a consequence, the controller and plant have to be planned at the same time. The controller and plant are designed in order to realise functions such as braking force regulation and control of the air-mass flow. The plant can be changed during the design process in order to fulfil a pre-defined function. By contrast, the classical control problem consists of designing a controller for a given - and usually unchanged - plant. Furthermore, different models are used to describe different viewpoints of the plant during the design process. These models are usually built using different simulation tools due to the multi-domain nature of the mechatronic components. As a result, the model exchange between different simulation tools plays a crucial role in the design of mechatronic systems.
Cisapride 20 mg b.i.d. Provides Symptomatic Relief of Heartburn and Related Symptoms of Chronic Mild to Moderate Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (1998)

Cisapride 20 mg b.i.d. was shown to be effective and safe for the short-term treatment of daytime and nighttime heartburn and for other symptoms associated with mild-moderate GERD.
Hierarchical Coupling Approach Utilizing Multi-Objective Optimization for Non-Iterative Co-Simulation (2019)

A hierarchical scheduling approach for non-iterative cosimulation is presented. With an increasing number of subsystems the number of possible combinations and permutations increases dramatically, resulting in an unsolvable problem to define a proper co-simulation scheduling for application engineers. This paper shows an approach to get an optimal trade-off between simulation duration and simulation accuracy by the usage of a multi-objective optimization approach to find an optimal scheduling for hierarchical co-simulation.
Thermodynamics of anion exchange on a chloride-intercalated zinc–aluminum layered double hydroxide: a microcalorimetric study (2000)

The thermodynamic properties of anion exchange on a chloride-intercalated zinc–aluminium layered double hydroxide have been studied at 298.15 K. The heats for total exchange of Cl− for F−, Br−, I−, OH−, NO3−, and SO42− have been determined by microcalorimetry and the standard molar enthalpies of these exchange reactions have been estimated. For the processes involving OH− and NO3−, the exchange isotherms have been determined using potentiometry in the former case and capillary ion analysis in the latter. The standard molar Gibbs free energy and entropy changes upon exchange of Cl− for OH− and exchange of Cl− for NO3− have been calculated as a function of the fraction of exchanged Cl−. These exchange processes appear to be entropy-driven, but the selectivity is controlled by the enthalpic contribution.
Precisely defined fiber scaffolds with 40 μm porosity induce elongation driven M2-like polarization of human macrophages (2019)

Macrophages are key players of the innate immune system that can roughly be divided into the pro-inflammatory M1 type and the anti-inflammatory, pro-healing M2 type. While a transient initial pro-inflammatory state is helpful, a prolonged inflammation deteriorates a proper healing and subsequent regeneration. One promising strategy to drive macrophage polarization by biomaterials is precise control over biomaterial geometry. For regenerative approaches, it is of particular interest to identify geometrical parameters that direct human macrophage polarization. For this purpose, we advanced melt electrowriting (MEW) towards the fabrication of fibrous scaffolds with box-shaped pores and precise inter-fiber spacing from 100 μm down to only 40 μm. These scaffolds facilitate primary human macrophage elongation accompanied by differentiation towards the M2 type, which was most pronounced for the smallest pore size of 40 μm. These new findings can be important in helping to design new biomaterials with an enhanced positive impact on tissue regeneration.
Photoluminescence determination of the pressure and temperature of the shock wave induced by a picosecond laser pulse in the layered semiconductor GaSe (1985)

The pressure and temperature of the shock waves generated by a picosecond laser pulse in the layered semiconductor gallium selenide were determined by shock-induced changes of the photoluminescence spectra. The peak pressure was measured to be about 13 kbar, while the temperature remained the same during the measured time range. Our results are consistent with the pressure measurements made with a piezoelectric transducer.
Long-Chain Fatty Acids Degradation by Desulfomonile Species and Proposal of “Candidatus Desulfomonile Palmitatoxidans” (2020)

Microbial communities with the ability to convert long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) coupled to sulfate reduction can be important in the removal of these compounds from wastewater. In this work, an enrichment culture, able to oxidize the long-chain fatty acid palmitate (C<sub>16</sub> <sub>:</sub> <sub>0</sub>) coupled to sulfate reduction, was obtained from anaerobic granular sludge. Microscopic analysis of this culture, designated HP culture, revealed that it was mainly composed of one morphotype with a typical collar-like cell wall invagination, a distinct morphological feature of the <i>Desulfomonile</i> genus. 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) indeed confirmed that the abundant phylotype in HP culture belong to <i>Desulfomonile</i> genus [<i>ca.</i> 92% 16S rRNA gene sequences closely related to <i>Desulfomonile</i> spp.; and <i>ca</i>. 82% whole genome shotgun (WGS)]. Based on similar cell morphology and average nucleotide identity (ANI) (77%) between the <i>Desulfomonile</i> sp. in HP culture and the type strain <i>Desulfomonile tiedjei</i> strain DCB-1<sup>T</sup>, we propose a novel species designated as "<i>Candidatus</i> Desulfomonile palmitatoxidans." This bacterium shares 94.3 and 93.6% 16S rRNA gene identity with <i>Desulfomonile limimaris</i> strain DCB-M<sup>T</sup> and <i>D. tiedjei</i> strain DCB-1<sup>T</sup>, respectively. Based on sequence abundance of <i>Desulfomonile</i>-morphotype in HP culture, its predominance in the microscopic observations, and presence of several genes coding for enzymes involved in LCFA degradation, the proposed species "<i>Ca.</i> Desulfomonile palmitatoxidans" most probably plays an important role in palmitate degradation in HP culture. Analysis of the growth of HP culture and <i>D. tiedjei</i> strain DCB-1<sup>T</sup> with short- (butyrate), medium- (caprylate) and long-chain fatty acids (palmitate, stearate, and oleate) showed that both cultures degraded all fatty acids coupled to sulfate reduction, except oleate that was only utilized by HP culture. In the absence of sulfate, neither HP culture, nor <i>D. tiedjei</i> strain DCB-1<sup>T</sup> degraded palmitate when incubated with <i>Methanobacterium formicicum</i> as a possible methanogenic syntrophic partner. Unlike <i>D. tiedjei</i> strain DCB-1<sup>T</sup>, "<i>Ca.</i> Desulfomonile palmitatoxidans" lacks reductive dehalogenase genes in its genome, and HP culture was not able to grow by organohalide respiration. An emended description of the genus <i>Desulfomonile</i> is proposed. Our study reveals an unrecognized LCFA degradation feature of the <i>Desulfomonile</i> genus.
The Political Economy of Reproduction in Japan. By Takeda Hiroko. New York: Routledge Curzon, 2005. 278 pp. $170.00 (Cloth). (2009)

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Reactive Hot Pressing of Alumina‐Silicon Carbide Nanocomposites (2004)

A dense alumina‐silicon carbide (Al 2 O 3 –SiC) nanocomposite was synthesized in situ from the reaction of mullite, aluminum, and carbon by reactive hot pressing (RHP). Transmission electron microscopy investigation showed that in situ ‐formed, nanometer‐sized SiC particles were mainly entrapped in the matrix grains, whereas submicrometer‐sized particles were located at the grain boundaries or triple points of the Al 2 O 3 . In addition, no amorphous phase was observed at the interfaces of the Al 2 O 3 and SiC grains, which indicated strong direct bonding. Fracture‐surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy revealed an intrafracture mode. The bending strength of the nanocomposite RHP‐treated at 1800°C was 795 ± 160 MPa, and the fracture toughness, measured by the indentation method, was 3.1 MPa·m 1/2 .
A yeast metal resistance protein similar to human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and multidrug resistance-associated protein. (1994)

Members of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) protein superfamily transport a variety of substances across biological membranes, including drugs, ions, and peptides. The yeast cadmium factor (YCF1) gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for cadmium resistance and encodes a 1,515 amino acid protein with extensive homology to both the human multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (hCFTR). S. cerevisiae cells harboring a deletion of the YCF1 gene are hypersensitive to cadmium compared with wild type cells. Mutagenesis experiments demonstrate that conserved amino acid residues, functionally critical in hCFTR, play a vital role in YCF1-mediated cadmium resistance. Mutagenesis of phenylalanine 713 in the YCF1 nucleotide binding fold 1, which correlates with the delta F508 mutation found in the most common form of cystic fibrosis, completely abolished YCF1 function in cadmium detoxification. Furthermore, substitution of a serine to alanine residue in a potential protein kinase A phosphorylation site in a central region of YCF1, which displays sequence similarity to the central regulatory domain of hCFTR, also rendered YCF1 nonfunctional. These results suggest that YCF1 is composed of modular domains found in human proteins which function in drug and ion transport.
Evolving trends in cataract surgery techniques and timing (1997)

Evolution in cataract surgery developed along two fronts: technique and timing. New cannulae with very wide aspiration ports permit nucleosuction; a manual small incision method that fractionates and aspirates the nucleus. Phacoemulsification is made easier and safer with phaco sweep. Posterior capsule polishing is gentle if the only vacuum is generated by the infusion passing through the system and the aspiration tubing is not used. Fibrin glue may make long corneal incisions as stable as short ones. Several studies challenge our conventional thoughts simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery and whether patients need to be examined on the first postoperative day.