gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control-message exchange of lightpath setup over colored optical packet switching in an optical packet and circuit integrated network (2010)

We have proposed the concept of an optical packet and circuit integrated network to provide service diversity, energy efficiency and a simplified control mechanism toward new generation networks. In this integrated network, optical data packets and data on lightpaths are transmitted on common physical resources for efficient resource use. In addition, path signaling for lightpath setup and release thorough optical packet switch block is implemented. We set up a primitive optical packet and circuit integrated network including one switching node and a set of packet/path transceiver. We demonstrate 80 (8λ × 10) Gbit/s colored optical packet switching and 8-lightpaths establishment by transferring optical control packets over the optical packet switching.
Transfer of Frequency Stability from an Atomic Frequency Reference to a Quartz-Crystal Oscillator (1979)

This paper presents a study of the transfer of frequency stability from an atomic reference to a quartz-crystal oscillator. The study is done for the cases of active and passive atomic frequency standards in which one makes use of a phase-lock loop and of a frequency-lock loop, respectively. The analysis is made in both the frequency and time domains and covers the cases of the hydrogen and rubidium masers and the passive cesium-and rubidium-frequency standards. The results obtained from numerical calculations are presented under the form of graphs. These results include the fractional frequency spectral density Sy(f) as a function of the Fourier frequency f, and the two sample variance σ2(τ) as a function of τ, the sampling time.
Optimal thresholds for intrusion detection systems (2016)

In recent years, we have seen a number of successful attacks against high-profile targets, some of which have even caused severe physical damage. These examples have shown us that resourceful and determined attackers can penetrate virtually any system, even those that are secured by the "air-gap." Consequently, in order to minimize the impact of stealthy attacks, defenders have to focus not only on strengthening the first lines of defense but also on deploying effective intrusion-detection systems. Intrusion-detection systems can play a key role in protecting sensitive computer systems since they give defenders a chance to detect and mitigate attacks before they could cause substantial losses. However, an over-sensitive intrusion-detection system, which produces a large number of false alarms, imposes prohibitively high operational costs on a defender since alarms need to be manually investigated. Thus, defenders have to strike the right balance between maximizing security and minimizing costs. Optimizing the sensitivity of intrusion detection systems is especially challenging in the case when multiple inter-dependent computer systems have to be defended against a strategic attacker, who can target computer systems in order to maximize losses and minimize the probability of detection. We model this scenario as an attacker-defender security game and study the problem of finding optimal intrusion detection thresholds.
Functional regression via variational Bayes (2011)

We introduce variational Bayes methods for fast approximate inference in functional regression analysis. Both the standard cross-sectional and the increasingly common longitudinal settings are treated. The methodology allows Bayesian functional regression analyses to be conducted without the computational overhead of Monte Carlo methods. Confidence intervals of the model parameters are obtained both using the approximate variational approach and nonparametric resampling of clusters. The latter approach is possible because our variational Bayes functional regression approach is computationally efficient. A simulation study indicates that variational Bayes is highly accurate in estimating the parameters of interest and in approximating the Markov chain Monte Carlo-sampled joint posterior distribution of the model parameters. The methods apply generally, but are motivated by a longitudinal neuroimaging study of multiple sclerosis patients. Code used in simulations is made available as a web-supplement.
The receptive field and internal noise for position acuity change with feature separation (2006)

Humans are exquisitely sensitive to changes in relative position. A fundamental and long-standing question is how information for position acuity is integrated along the length of the target, and why visual performance deteriorates when the feature separation increases. To address this question, we used a target made of discrete samples, each subjected to binary positional noise, combined with reverse correlation to estimate the behavioral "receptive field" (template), and a novel 10-pass method to quantify the internal noise that limits position acuity. Our results show that human observers weigh individual parts of the stimulus differently and importantly, that the shape of the template changes markedly with feature separation. Compared to an ideal observer, human performance is limited by a template that becomes less efficient as feature separation increases and by an increase in random internal noise. Although systematic internal noise is thought to be one of the important components limiting detection thresholds, we found that systematic noise is negligible in our position task.
The Effect of n-GaAs Carrier Concentration on Current Gain in InGaP/GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (2007)

The effect of n-GaAs carrier concentration in the Si-doped sub-collector layer on InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) was investigated. Current gain slightly decreased with carrier concentration increased from 5×1017 to 2×1018 cm-3, while it dramatically decreased with carrier concentration increased over 2×1018 cm-3. It was also found that current gain with a high carrier concentration of 4×1018 cm-3 decreased with annealing time. Gummel plots revealed that the reduction in current gain is caused by creation of recombination centers in the base layer. We suggest the diffusion of Ga interstitial, which is generated together with Ga vacancy, is the origin of current gain degradation during the post-growth of the sub-collector layer.
An Innovative Algorithmic Safety Strategy for Networked Electrical Drive Systems (2018)

In this paper we address the safety strategies for networked electrical drive systems, in the context of industrial automation. Specifically, it is considered the handling of errors and faults that may occur during the execution of safety related functions, on a set of electrical drives. Such devices, which operate in a coordinated way, are connected via an industrial communication network and use a safety industrial protocol. In this respect, a novel approach that exploits a distributed consensus algorithm to identify and possibly recover the aforementioned errors is devised and discussed in comparison with a traditional safe shut-down strategy. The theoretical performance figures and the effectiveness of the proposed approach are evaluated in a real industrial case study considering two different widespread network topologies.
A pseudo-object-oriented very low bit-rate video coding system with cache VQ for detail compensation (1996)

A pseudo object-oriented video coding system is proposed and implemented. In order to increase the coding efficiency, a cache VQ algorithm is suggested to further compress those areas where motion estimation fails. According to our primary simulation results, the visual quality of long-timed sequences is still acceptable even for bit-rates below 10 kbps. In addition to the high compression ratio for very low bit-rates, content-based applications are also expected since the proposed system utilizes the segmented motion field; furthermore, the occurrences of prediction errors generally locate at emotionally important parts, e.g. eyes and mouth, etc. All the coded components are not only useful for compression but also meaningful for video recognition.
Environmental Regulation: “All‐of‐the‐Above Energy Strategy”: Really? (2013)

Abstract President Obama has pushed the idea of an “all‐of‐the‐above” energy strategy where all types of energy sources are allowed to compete in the marketplace and the market will determine the winners and losers. This is American capitalism at its finest.
Landsat 9: status and plans (2016)

The Landsat 9 mission, currently under development and proceeding towards a targeted launch in late 2020, will be very similar to the Landsat 8 mission, launched in 2013. Like Landsat 8, Landsat 9 is a joint effort between NASA and USGS with two sensors, the Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2), essentially a copy of the OLI on Landsat 8 and the Thermal Infrared Sensor 2 (TIRS-2), very similar to the TIRS on Landsat 8. The OLI-2, like OLI, provides 14-bit image data, though for Landsat 9, all 14 bits will be retained and transmitted to the ground. The focal plane modules to be used for OLI-2 were flight spares for OLI and are currently being retested by Ball Aerospace. Results indicate radiometric performance comparable to OLI. The TIRS was a class C instrument, with a 3-year design lifetime, and therefore had limited redundancy. TIRS-2 will be a class B instrument, with a 5-year design lifetime, like OLI (and OLI-2), necessitating design changes to increase redundancy. The stray light and Scene Select Mechanism (SSM) encoder problems observed on orbit with TIRS have also instigated a few design changes to TIRS-2. Stray light analysis and testing have indicated that additional baffles in the TIRS-2 optical system will suppress the out-of-field response. The SSM encoder problems have not been definitively traced to a route cause, though conductive anodic filament growth in the circuit boards is suspected. Improved designs for the encoder are being considered for TIRS-2. The spare Focal Plane Array (FPA) from TIRS is planned for use in TIRS-2; FPA spectral and radiometric performance testing is scheduled for September of this year at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.
Obesity Expands a Distinct Population of T Cells in Adipose Tissue and Increases Vulnerability to Infection (2019)

Obesity in humans is associated with poorer health outcomes after infections compared with non-obese individuals. Here, we examined the effects of white adipose tissue and obesity on T cell responses to viral infection in mice. We show that lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) grows to high titer in adipose tissue. Virus-specific T cells enter the adipose tissue to resolve infection but then remain as a memory population distinct from memory T cells in lymphoid tissues. Memory T cells in adipose tissue are abundant in lean mice, and diet-induced obesity further increases memory T cell number in adipose tissue and spleen. Upon re-challenge infection, memory T cells rapidly cause severe pathogenesis, leading to increases in lipase levels, calcification of adipose tissue, pancreatitis, and reduced survival in obese mice but not lean mice. Thus, obesity leads to a unique form of viral pathogenesis involving memory T cell-dependent adipocyte destruction and damage to other tissues.
Development of a Moderate Temperature Bending Process for Magnesium Alloy Extrusions (2005)

An appropriate temperature (150-200°C) bending process has been developed for AZ31 and AM30 magnesium alloy tubes, and the optimum bending process parameters were obtained using a Design of Experiments (DOE) method. The development of this process was one of the key factors for use of magnesium tubes in automotive components for vehicle weight reduction. The tensile properties and deformation microstructure of magnesium alloys at elevated temperatures indicated that temperature of 150-200°C which might be suitable for hydroforming and other forming processes.
In vivovascular tissue engineering: influence of cytokine and implant location on tissue specific cellular recruitment (2009)

In vivo tissue engineering has been explored as a means to create autologous vascular replacements. Elastin is necessary to sustain continual pulsatile flow and to prevent the dilatation of vascular tissues. Unfortunately, elastogenesis in tissue-engineered constructs has been very limited. To overcome this limitation, we have created tubular elastin scaffolds from porcine carotid arteries. Elastin would provide the necessary elasticity to the graft on implanting these scaffolds as vascular grafts. In this study, elastin tubes with agarose gel containing either stromal-derived factor-1 alpha [SDF; for homing of endothelial cells (ECs)] or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; for homing of myofibroblasts) were implanted into adipose tissue, as it is a known source of stem/progenitor cells. We also implanted these tubes into subdermal pouches (as a control location). We observed a difference in the types of cells recruited-ECs were recruited in large numbers by SDF in the adipose tissue, whereas the adipose-FGF group had a vascularized (smooth muscle and EC-positive), collagenous capsule (adventitia) with many smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMA)-positive cells in the elastin scaffold layer (media). These results were in contrast to the subdermal group, which only recruited fibroblasts and some SMA-positive cells. Also, more cell infiltration and neo-collagen formation was seen in adipose implants. This study provides novel results by the use of specific cytokines and implant locations to recruit tissue-specific cells to create autologous vascular grafts.
Optimizing barium promoter for nickel catalyst supported on yttria‐stabilized zirconia in dry reforming of methane (2023)

Abstract Barium doping effect on the activity and stability of nickel‐based catalysts, supported on yttria‐stabilized zirconia (Ni‐YZr), was investigated in dry reforming of methane. Catalysts were characterized by several techniques (nitrogen sorption, X‐ray diffraction [XRD], scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray, transmission electron microscopy [TEM], thermogravimetric analysis [TGA], temperature programmed oxidation, CO 2 ‐TPD, H 2 ‐TPR) and were tested in a fixed‐bed reactor at 800°C and 42,000 mL/h g cat . Barium played a crucial role in enhancing catalyst reducibility and CO 2 adsorption at high temperatures, as indicated by the activity and stability of the Ni‐YZr catalyst. The addition of 4.0 wt% of barium appeared to be the optimal loading, allowing for CH 4 conversion of 82%, which remained constant for 7 h of reaction, compared with 72% of barium‐unpromoted Ni‐YZr at 800°C. TEM images of the spent catalysts revealed the formation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on all samples. The TGA analysis showed, however, that an increase in baria loading significantly reduced the coke formation amount, indicating the inhibition of coke formation and the enhancement of the catalytic activity. Such improvement in activity and stability was attributed to the incorporation of barium into YZr support, as revealed by XRD analysis, which inhibited the sintering of the catalysts support.
Pay for Play. Countering Threat Financing (2010)

Abstract : Shortly after midnight on March 20, 2009, in Bilbao, Spain, police began a series of raids to arrest a number of North Africans on suspicion of funding terrorism in North Africa through criminal activity in Spain. While this investigation continues, globally networked terrorists are operating on low contrast battlefields where understanding the difference between enemy and friendly forces is growing increasingly complex. This physical and virtual domain includes numerous dimensions unlike any that we have previously experienced. Among these dimensions, we have discovered that illicit financing networks represent both a significant strength and a critical enemy vulnerability to exploit. Guns, drugs, weapons of mass destruction, and humans are all commodities interactively traded by terrorists in corporate-like networks. As we have discovered, these networks are interrelated, each transcending borders and forming a growing nexus between terrorist movements and other criminal and narcotics enterprises. same hawalas (money remittance systems prevalent in the Muslim world), smuggling channels, and, in some cases, cash couriers are used by diverse organizations with similar aims of evading law enforcement, military, and intelligence activities. As Adam Fosson asserts, The connection between many Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs) and either transnational organized crime groups or global trafficking organizations has increased over time, and FTOs themselves have more involved in criminal and trafficking activities. . . . [B]oth sides have a common financial interest, as though two corporations were merging.
Distributed Memory Integrity Trees (2018)

Ensuring the correct execution of a program running on untrusted computing platforms, wherein the OS, hypervisor, and all off-CPU-chip hardware, including memory, are untrusted, (also) requires protecting the integrity of the memory content against replay attacks. This requires dedicated tracking structures and in-chip state storage. For this purpose, integrity trees are used in various forms, varying in complexity, size, and performance; yet, existing integrity trees do not address distributed, shared-memory computations, for which one must also ensure the integrity of the coherence state of the memory. Observing that a block not residing at a given node merely needs to be known by that node as such, we present the novel Distributed Integrity Tree (DIT) method, and show that it can be used effectively to extend existing integrity trees to parallel and distributed environments. Using DIT, we constructed a Distributed Merkle Tree, a Distributed Bonsai Merkle Tree, and a distributed Intel SGX's Memory Encryption Engine integrity mechanism. All these extensions entail negligible overhead.
Control of SISO non-affine-in-control discrete-time systems using Takagi-Sugeno models (2019)

This paper deals with the stabilization problem for single-input-single-output (SISO) non-affine-in-control nonlinear discrete-time systems. Generally, this non-affine-in-control problem leads to algebraic loops and a classical solution consists in using dynamic extensions. Based on Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) quasi-linear parameter varying (quasi-LPV) models, we propose to keep the scheme of the classical LMI-based control design framework, i.e. similar as when the membership functions of the T-S model do not depend on the control input. In particular, some properties of finite time convergence are exploited to “break” the algebraic loop problem. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the interests of the proposed control approach.
3714 A study of measurement method of stress relief by horticultural activity (2008)

In Japanese, Horticultural activity improves the quality of life for all people by: beautifying neighborhoods; stimulating social inter-action; producing nutritious food; encouraging self-reliance, conserving resources; and creating opportunities for recreation and education. But, it is difficult to measurement these effect, because the psychological and the physiological measurement method are not easily for everybody. To develop with we are engaged in horticultural activity easily, we must research non-invasive technologies for evaluating the stress level are required. This research is developing method for evaluating the stress by analyzing the skin color in region of palm images which was taken by digital camera with thermometer. Generally, when a human undergoes the stress, the skin vasoconstriction occurs by sympathetic neuronal activity. If human beings under stressful situation, the blood may flow decreases and become down skin temperature. This method estimates the blood flow based on the color image in the specific region of palm, and then, evaluates the stress from the blood flow. However, the availability of the method that uses the analysis of the skin color is not clear because the causal relationship between the skin color and the blood flow is not clarified yet. In this study, to verify the availability of the method that uses the analysis of the skin color, we aimed at clarifying the relationship between skin color and blood flow by the experiments in which the skin color and the blood flow are measured simultaneously. Our experimental result showed that the relations between the skin color and the blood flow varied with individuals by digital camera with thermometer. We investigated the causes of the difference among individuals. Moreover, we discussed the conditions in which the method for evaluating the stress using the analysis of the skin color is available.
Synthesis of New D-xylose Derivatives and Study Their Antimicrobial Effect (2014)

D- xylose was converted into new allylic furanosyl and pyranosyl glycosides by applying two different reaction conditions. The glycosides then were treated with sodium azide to get triazoline compounds via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The new glycosides and the triazoline the synthesized derivatives were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity (S.aureus, E.coli) and fungal (Candida albicans) which were isolated from human infections. The study revealed that the triazoline derivatives exhibit promising antibacterial and antifungal activities. The triazoline derivatives were found to be more effective against the fungal strains than those of the bacterial pathogens. However, a good number of derivatives glycosides exhibited better antimicrobial activity than the standard antibiotics. Compounds were identified by I.R,1H – and 13C – NMR spectroscopy.
Contributions to the Cell Growth Problem (1962)

The cell growth problem is a combinatorial problem which may be stated as follows: A plane animal is made up of cells, each of which is a square of unit area. It starts as a single cell, and grows by adding cells one at a time in such a way that the new cell has at least one side in contact with a side of a cell already present in the animal. The problem is to find the number of different animals of area n , it being understood that animals which can be transformed into each other by reflections or rotations of the plane will be regarded as the same animal.
The nucleocapsid protein specifically anneals tRNALys-3onto a noncomplementary primer binding site within the HIV-1 RNA genomein vitro (1997)

HIV type 1 (HIV-1) specifically uses host cell tRNALys-3 as a primer for reverse transcription. The 3' 18 nucleotides of this tRNA are complementary to a region on the HIV RNA genome known as the primer binding site (PBS). HIV-1 has a strong preference for maintaining a lysine-specific PBS in vivo, and viral genomes with mutated PBS sequences quickly revert to be complementary to tRNALys-3. To investigate the mechanism for the observed PBS reversion events in vitro, we examined the capability of the nucleocapsid protein (NC) to anneal various tRNA primer sequences onto either complementary or noncomplementary PBSs. We show that NC can anneal different full-length tRNAs onto viral RNA transcripts derived from the HIV-1 MAL or HXB2 isolates, provided that the PBS is complementary to the tRNA used. In contrast, NC promotes specific annealing of only tRNALys-3 onto an RNA template (HXB2) whose PBS sequence has been mutated to be complementary to the 3' 18 nt of human tRNAPro. Moreover, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase extends this binary complex from the proline-specific PBS. The formation of the noncomplementary binary complex does not occur when a chimeric tRNALys/Pro containing proline-specific D and anticodon domains is used as the primer. Thus, elements outside the acceptor-TPsiC domains of tRNALys-3 play an important role in preferential primer use in vitro. Our results support the hypothesis that mutant PBS reversion is a result of tRNALys-3 annealing onto and extension from a PBS that specifies an alternate host cell tRNA.