gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aqueous harvesting of Zr88 at a radioactive-ion-beam facility for cross-section measurements (2021)

Isotope harvesting is a method of collecting the long-lived radioisotopes that build up during the operation of ion-beam facilities in a way that is useful for subsequent research. As a demonstration of this method for the collection of a group IV metal at a fragmentation facility, the high-energy $^{88}\mathrm{Zr}$ secondary beam produced from a 140-MeV/u $^{92}\mathrm{Mo}$ primary beam at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) was stopped in a water target. The setup aimed to mimic the aqueous beam dump that will be implemented at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). The collected $^{88}\mathrm{Zr}$ and accompanying $^{88}\mathrm{Y}$ decay daughter were radiochemically extracted from the solution and made into target samples suitable for neutron-capture cross-section measurements. These samples were then irradiated at two reactor facilities, and the $^{88}\mathrm{Zr}$ average thermal-neutron-capture cross section (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{T}$) and resonance integral ($I$) were determined to be ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{T}=(8.04\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.63)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ b and $I=(2.53\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.28)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ b. The ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{T}$ value agrees well with previous results and $I$, determined for the first time here, was found to be the largest measured resonance integral by two orders of magnitude. The $^{88}\mathrm{Y}$ thermal-neutron-capture cross section was determined to be less than $1.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ b. This work demonstrates the steps needed to make cross-section measurements with samples produced via aqueous isotope harvesting.
Practical Electronics for Inventors (2000)

Spark your creativity and gain the electronics skills required to transform your innovative ideas into functioning gadgets. This hands-on, updated guide outlines electrical principles and provides thorough, easy-to-follow instructions, schematics, and illustrations. Findout how to select components, safely assemble circuits, perform error tests, and build plug-and-play prototypes. Practical Electronics for Inventors, Third Edition, features all-new chapters on sensors, microcontrollers, modular electronics, and the latest software tools. Coverage includes: Resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers Diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits Optoelectronics, solar cells, and phototransistors Sensors, GPS modules, and touch screens Op amps, regulators, and power supplies Digital electronics, LCD displays, and logic gates Microcontrollers and prototyping platforms, including Arduino DC motors, RC servos, and stepper motors Microphones, audio amps, and speakers Modular electronics and prototyping.
Towards an All-Silicon DV-QKD Transmitter Sourced by a Ge-on-Si Light Emitter (2023)

We investigate the behavior of a Ge-on-Si light source and demonstrate its feasibility for polarization-encoded discrete-variable quantum key distribution following the BB84 protocol, enabling a potential “all-silicon” QKD scheme which can operate well below the necessary QBER limit and successfully generate secret keys.
Synergetic catalysis of palladium nanoparticles encaged within amine-functionalized UiO-66 in the hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin in water (2016)

Ultrasmall palladium nanoparticles (1.5–2.5 nm) encapsulated within the highly porous and hydrothermally stable amine-functionalized metal–organic framework UiO-66 exhibit excellent catalytic activity for the selective conversion of vanillin to 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol.
Copper and gas-phase cigarette smoke inhibit plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity by different mechanisms. (1995)

Cigarette smokers have reduced levels of plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to nonsmokers and are at risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Previous work from this laboratory has shown that exposure of human plasma to gas-phase cigarette smoke (CS) inhibited the activity of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesteryl ester in HDL and thereby promotes HDL maturation. As CS contains free radicals that could potentially oxidize plasma lipoproteins, we examined the involvement of lipid peroxidation in LCAT inhibition. Results obtained with CS were compared with those obtained by initiating lipid peroxidation with copper ions. Exposure of dialyzed human plasma to an equivalent of one-eighth of a cigarette at 15-min intervals resulted in a progressive loss of LCAT activity (50 and 90% reductions by 1 and 6 h, respectively). A similar pattern of LCAT inhibition was produced with copper (0.5 mM) where 50 and 97% reductions were observed at 1 and 6 h, respectively. To determine whether LCAT inhibition was related to lipid peroxidation, lipoprotein fractions corresponding to VLDL-IDL, LDL, and HDL were isolated from plasma exposed to CS or copper and analyzed for changes in TBARS, the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonate relative to palmitate (20:4/16:0 ratio), and vitamin E concentrations. Exposure of plasma for 6 h to CS had no effect on the levels of TBARS and 20:4/16:0 ratio; however, 6 h copper treatment (0.5 mM) caused a 3.0-, 4.0-, and 1.4-fold increase in TBARS and a 17, 25, and 13% reduction in the 20:4/16:0 ratio in VLDL-IDL, LDL, and HDL fractions, respectively. In addition, a complete depletion of lipoprotein vitamin E was observed with CS, whereas copper decreased vitamin E levels by approximately 50% in each fraction. Supplementation of plasma with either vitamin C (85 microM) or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, 0.45 mM) was unable to protect LCAT from CS. In contrast, BHT completely protected LCAT activity from inhibition by copper. We conclude that unlike copper, CS-induced inhibition of plasma LCAT activity was unrelated to free radical-induced lipid peroxidation. The inhibition of LCAT activity by cigarette smoke may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis by impairing HDL metabolism and the reverse cholesterol transport process.
Diabetes in Mice after Coxsackie B 4 Virus Infection (1973)

The intraperitoneal inoculation of CD(1) mice with Coxsackie virus B(4) resulted in the raising of blood sugar levels to diabetic values 12 days after the administration of the virus. Serum insulin remained inappropriately low. Light microscopy changes in the islets of Langerhans showed mononuclear cell infiltration of the islets and marked degranulation of the beta cells. The acinar tissue appeared to be little changed. It is concluded that Coxsackie B(4) virus may cause a diabetic state compatible with islet cell damage.
Colonic Motility: From Bench Side to Bedside (2010)

Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.
Initial design of a test suite for automatic performance analysis tools (2004)

Automatic performance tools must of course be tested as to whether they perform their task correctly. Because performance tools are meta-programs, tool testing is more complex than ordinary program testing and comprises at least three aspects. First, it must be ensured that the tools do neither alter the semantics nor distort the run-time behavior of the application under investigation. Next, it must be verified that the tools collect the correct performance data as required by their specification. Finally, it must be checked that the tools indeed perform their intended tasks and detect relevant performance problems. Focusing on the latter (correctness) aspect, testing can be done using synthetic test functions with controllable performance properties, and/or real world applications with known performance behavior. A systematic test suite can be built from synthetic test functions and other components, possibly with the help of tools to assist the user in putting the pieces together into executable test programs. Clearly, such a test suite can be highly useful to builders of performance analysis tools. It is surprising that up till now, no systematic effort has been undertaken to provide such a suite. In this paper we discuss the initial design of a test suite for checking the correctness (in the above sense) of automatic performance analysis tools. In particular, we describe a collection of synthetic test functions which allows to easily construct both simple and more complex test programs with desired performance properties.
Scalable Complex Query Processing over Large Semantic Web Data Using Cloud (2011)

Cloud computing solutions continue to grow increasingly popular both in research and in the commercial IT industry. With this popularity comes ever increasing challenges for the cloud computing service providers. Semantic web is another domain of rapid growth in both research and industry. RDF datasets are becoming increasingly large and complex and existing solutions do not scale adequately. In this paper, we will detail a scalable semantic web framework built using cloud computing technologies. We define solutions for generating and executing optimal query plans. We handle not only queries with Basic Graph Patterns (BGP) but also complex queries with optional blocks. We have devised a novel algorithm to handle these complex queries. Our algorithm minimizes binding triple patterns and joins between them by identifying common blocks by algorithms to find sub graph isomorphism and building a query plan utilizing that information. We utilize Hadoop's MapReduce framework to process our query plan. We will show that our framework is extremely scalable and efficiently answers complex queries.
Arabidopsis JASMONATE-INDUCED OXYGENASES down-regulate plant immunity by hydroxylation and inactivation of the hormone jasmonic acid (2017)

The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) is vital in plant defense and development. Although biosynthesis of JA and activation of JA-responsive gene expression by the bioactive form JA-isoleucine have been well-studied, knowledge on JA metabolism is incomplete. In particular, the enzyme that hydroxylates JA to 12-OH-JA, an inactive form of JA that accumulates after wounding and pathogen attack, is unknown. Here, we report the identification of four paralogous 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent oxygenases in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> as JA hydroxylases and show that they down-regulate JA-dependent responses. Because they are induced by JA we named them <i>JASMONATE-INDUCED OXYGENASES</i> (<i>JOXs</i>). Concurrent mutation of the four genes in a quadruple <i>Arabidopsis</i> mutant resulted in increased defense gene expression and increased resistance to the necrotrophic fungus <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> and the caterpillar <i>Mamestra brassicae</i> In addition, root and shoot growth of the plants was inhibited. Metabolite analysis of leaves showed that loss of function of the four JOX enzymes resulted in overaccumulation of JA and in reduced turnover of JA into 12-OH-JA. Transformation of the quadruple mutant with each <i>JOX</i> gene strongly reduced JA levels, demonstrating that all four JOXs inactivate JA in plants. The in vitro catalysis of 12-OH-JA from JA by recombinant enzyme could be confirmed for three JOXs. The identification of the enzymes responsible for hydroxylation of JA reveals a missing step in JA metabolism, which is important for the inactivation of the hormone and subsequent down-regulation of JA-dependent defenses.
Intellectual Thermoconductometric Unit Based on Aerosol Printed Ceramic MEMS Sensor for the Measurement of Natural Gas Composition (2018)

The online control of natural gas quality is important for customers, because for them the important value is calorific value of consumed gas, but not its volume. The application of thermoconductometric sensor gives simple possibility to fabricate imbedded intellectual plug-and-play device for this control. The ceramic MEMS sensor based on a combination of this ceramic LTCC membrane and aerosol jet printed platinum microheater was used as a sensing element of this unit. The electronic unit controlling the sensor was designed to stabilize the temperature of the microheater and to measure power necessary to maintain this temperature at different concentrations of N2and CO2 in natural gas. The application of this unit enables the measurement of admixtures of nitrogen and CO2 with detection limit of about 1 vol. % sufficient for the application in gas meter instruments.
Biphasic Coupling of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Phosphorylation to the NMDA Receptor Regulates AMPA Receptor Trafficking and Neuronal Cell Death (2007)

Postsynaptic nitric oxide (NO) production affects synaptic plasticity and neuronal cell death. Ca2+ fluxes through the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) stimulate the production of NO by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). However, the mechanisms by which nNOS activity is regulated are poorly understood. We evaluated the effect of neuronal stimulation with glutamate on the phosphorylation of nNOS. We show that, in cortical neurons, a low glutamate concentration (30 microM) induces rapid and transient NMDAR-dependent phosphorylation of S1412 by Akt, followed by sustained phosphorylation of S847 by CaMKII (calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II). We demonstrate that phosphorylation of S1412 by Akt is necessary for activation of nNOS by the NMDAR. nNOS mutagenesis confirms that these phosphorylations respectively activate and inhibit nNOS and, thus, transiently activate NO production. A constitutively active (S1412D), but not a constitutively repressed (S847D) nNOS mutant elevated surface glutamate receptor 2 levels, demonstrating that these phosphorylations can control AMPA receptor trafficking via NO. Notably, an excitotoxic stimulus (150 microM glutamate) induced S1412, but not S847 phosphorylation, leading to deregulated nNOS activation. S1412D did not kill neurons; however, it enhanced the excitotoxicity of a concomitant glutamate stimulus. We propose a swinging domain model for the regulation of nNOS: S1412 phosphorylation facilitates electron flow within the reductase module of nNOS, increasing nNOS sensitivity to Ca2+-calmodulin. These findings suggest a critical role for a kinetically complex and novel series of regulatory nNOS phosphorylations induced by the NMDA receptor for the in vivo control of nNOS.
Brown spot in table grape Redglobe controlled in study with sulfur dioxide and temperature treatments (2020)

Brown spot is a postharvest disease of grapes caused by Cladosporium species in the San Joaquin Valley of California. It spreads during cold storage and transport, resulting in severe economic losses to late table grape cultivars, which are grown mainly for export to countries such as China and Mexico. We examined the effect of temperature and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) treatments on fungal growth and infection of Redglobe berries by three Cladosporium species: Cladosporium ramotenellum, C. cladosporioides and C. limoniforme. Redglobe is especially popular for export. Fungal colonies growing on potato dextrose agar in petri plates stored at −2°C grew slower than those stored at 2°C, and an 400 ppm-h SO 2 treatment significantly reduced fungal growth of all three species and at all temperatures tested. Redglobe berries inoculated with the Cladosporium species, treated with SO 2 concentrations of 100 ppm-h, 200 ppm-h and 400 ppm-h and incubated in high relative humidity chambers for 28 to 32 days at 2°C, showed little incidence of disease. The development of brown spot on berries was entirely prevented with the treatment of 200 ppm-h SO 2 for all Cladosporium species tested.
Application of second and higher order subspace tracking in multichannel data analysis (2013)

The problem of blind source separation (BSS) and tracking from time-varying mixtures is an open-problem of biomedical signal processing research. In this study we present a framework for decomposing and tracking instantaneous separation matrices of independent component analysis (ICA) solutions of BSS. The decomposition is based on the tracking of the second order statistics (SOS) and higher order statistic (HOS) stages of ICA. We investigate the variations of data subspaces by means of tracking the principal angle and Givens rotation angles of the instantaneous mixture. The application of this technique is illustrated for electrocardiogram signals. We shown how the SOS and HOS variations of time-varying mixtures can be decoupled and may correspond to the second and higher order properties of the data. This new approach is believed to have various advantages for online subspace tracking in blind and semi-blind scenarios and the better examination of statistic characteristics of multichannel data, especially for biosignal processing.
Generation and trapping reaction of an efficient 1,2-dehydrocarborane precursor, phenyl[o-(trimethylsilyl)carboranyl]iodonium acetate (2004)

An efficient 1,2-dehydrocarborane precursor, phenyl[o-(trimethylsilyl)carboranyl]iodonium acetate, was readily prepared by reaction of [o-(trimethylsilyl)carboranyl]lithium and IPh(OAc)2. The facile 2+4 cycloaddition of with dienes such as anthracene, naphthalene, norborna-2,5-diene and 2,5-dimethylfuran gave high yields of the 1,2-dehydrocarborane adducts in the presence of a desilylating agent. The reaction of with a cyclic alkene and strained cycloalkynes afforded the adducts formed by the ene reaction and the 2+2 cycloaddition reaction. The reaction of with a bicyclopalladacycle yielded the cyclization product. The structures of compounds and were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.
Implementation of High-Resolution Pinhole SPECT 3D Image Reconstruction (2009)

In order to achieve high-resolution pinhole SPECT image reconstruction, a novel lookup table (LUT) method was implemented in the ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm including an effective compensation of the pinhole response. A standard Jaszczak phantom was used to evaluate the reconstruction algorithm. The results show that the OSEM algorithm with the LUT method can significantly reduce the CPU time and the usage of memory, and provide significant improvement of the spatial resolution of the reconstructed image. In conclusion, the LUT method with pinhole response corrections in LUT is an effective approach to implement OSEM algorithm for high-resolution pinhole SPECT image reconstruction.
Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Effects of Choerospondias axillaris Fruit’s Methanolic Extract in Synoviocytes and CIA Rat Model (2019)

Observed results suggest that the underutilized fruit Choerospondias axillaris can be used to reduce the inflammation of inflammatory diseases like RA.
Thermal degradation of poly(p‐phenylenebenzobisoxazole) and poly(p‐phenylenediamine terephthalamide) fibres (2001)

This study investigates the thermal stability of poly(p-phenylenediamine-terephtalamide) (PPT) and poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibres. Excellent behaviour of PBO is shown in comparison to that of PPT. The thermal stability (under pyrolytic or thermo-oxidative conditions) of PBO is 150 °C higher than that of PPT. Moreover, the strong influence of oxygen, which plays the role of an initiator of degradation, on the degradation of fibres is shown. Using the invariant kinetic parameter (IKP) method, it is shown that the degradation rate of PBO is strongly reduced in comparison with that of PPT. It provides a simulation of the ‘fuel flow’ able to feed the flames, which can explain the high fire performance of PBO compared to PPT. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Identifying and quantifying amorphous and crystalline content in complex powdered samples: application to archaeological carbon blacks (2016)

Carbon black materials have been frequently used from prehistory as pigments for drawings and paintings and also as dyes, inks and cosmetics, since they are easy to make by burning organic matter. However, the carbonaceous phases they form are often ill-ordered and not easy to characterize. Five carbon black Roman micro samples found in vessels in houses in Pompeii were studied. These precious powders correspond to mixed phase samples that contain both crystalline and ill-ordered components. Here, a methodological approach that accomplishes the identification, quantification and mapping of the different phases in these heterogeneous samples using synchrotron-based techniques is proposed. The results were compared with those from scanning electron microscopy. Information about the nature of the mixtures and the origin of carbon black pigments is obtained. The use of charred vegetable materials is concluded, independently of the shape and the nature of the container.
Integration of Motion Capture and EMG data for Classifying the Human Motions (2007)

Three dimensional motion capture facility is a powerful tool for quantitative and qualitative assessment of multi-joint external movements. Electro-myograph (EMG) signals give the physiologic information of muscles while doing motions. In this paper, our objective is to integrate these two different bio-medical data together and to extract precise and accurate feature information for classifying the human motions. When both forms of data are integrated and analyzed together; the information achieved will be immensely useful to quantify the complex human motions for medical reasons or sport performances. These biological quantifications of biomechanical data, are useful for gait analysis and several orthopedic applications, such as joint mechanics, prosthetic designs, and sports medicines. Vie different dimensionality reduction approaches such Integral of Absolute value and Weighted Singular Value Decomposition are used to extract the preliminary features from EMG and motion capture data respectively. On combining these feature vectors, fuzzy clustering such as Fuzzy c-means (FCM) is performed on these vectors that are mapped as the points in multi-dimensional feature space. We get the degree of memberships with every cluster for each mapped point. This extracted information is used as the final feature vectors for classifying the human motions.
Molecular Determinants of Chemotherapy Resistance in Ovarian Cancer (2015)

Sequencing analyses in combination with phylogenetic analyses will shed light on the lineage of tumor subclones, allowing novel insights into clonal evolution, cancer progression, disease recurrence and chemotherapy resistance.