gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advancement of Radioactive Material Removal System Using Silver Zeolite (2022)

Based on the advanced FCVS technology, such as a gas-liquid mixing nozzle and a multi-layer metal fiber filter, and a silver zeolite filter for the purpose of removing organic iodine. we have developed a demonstration machine for a large-capacity air purification system that purifies a large amount of contaminated air. With this acceleration and centrifugal force field of water, almost all of the fine particles in the bubbles can be transferred to the liquid phase water and dissolved. We have developed a demonstration machine of an air purification system that can remove fine particles and viruses in the air of 100 m3/h with a single nozzle and we also developed a large-capacity air purification system that can purify 2400 m3 of air per hour with 24 nozzles. The FCVS system, which is high-performance and passively activated by using SRV, is thought to help eliminate obvious infringement of personality rights, avoid litigation outages, and promote public acceptance for nuclear power to restart.
2-D Extended Fluid Model of Applied-Field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster With Solid and Hollow Cathodes (2015)

In this paper, a 2-D model for simulation of an applied-field magnetoplasmadynamic (AF-MPD) thruster with solid and hollow cathodes was built using COMSOL Multiphysics. Extended fluid model was used for self-consistent simulation of discharge processes in the thruster. Ion energy balance equation was developed and added to extended fluid model. A viscously dominated steady-state fully formed gas flow was considered with argon gas used as a propellant. Electron transport properties as well as rates of electron-impact reactions were calculated using electron energy distribution function. Plasmachemical reactions taken into account included direct and stepwise ionization of argon atoms, excitation of metastable levels, three-body and radiation recombination, and so on. Coupling fluid equations with Poisson equation for electric potential allowed for self-consistent description of plasma and sheaths. Distribution of such discharge parameters as charged and excited particle densities and fluxes, charged particles' mean energies and temperatures, and gas temperature and electric potential were obtained. Comparison of simulation results allowed for concluding that using hollow cathode in an AF-MPD thruster can contribute to power efficiency and lifetime of the device.
Application of information theory to the assessment of computed tomography (1979)

The imaging process has two fundamental stages: detection and display. The detection stage can be quantified rigourously using Shannon's information theory. This requires the contrast scale (CS), modulation transfer function (MTF), and noise power spectrum [N(f)] to be combined into a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This results in two fundamental summary figures of merit: the density of noise equivalent quanta (NEQ) in the image and the information bandwidth integral (IBWI). These algorithm-independent measures are used to quantify the recording stage. The display stage is less well understood since it couples to an external observer. Several types of decision makers are treated. Examples are drawn from first and second generation CT, demonstrating that thye are nearly quantum limited for large signals, indicating how their algorithms are matched or mismatched to the geometry, and calculating the contrast-detail diagrams for those decision makers.
L-2-Hydroxyglutarate Protects Against Cardiac Injury via Metabolic Remodeling (2022)

L2HGDH deletion-induced L2HG accumulation protects against myocardial injury during LFI and ischemia-reperfusion through a metabolic shift of glucose flux from glycolysis towards the pentose phosphate pathway. L2HG offers a novel mechanism for eliminating reactive oxygen species from myocardial tissue, mitigating redox stress, reducing myocardial infarct size, and preserving high-energy phosphates and cardiac function. Targeting L2HG levels through L2HGDH activity may serve as a new therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases related to oxidative injury.
Theoretical analysis of triple junction field emission for a type of cold cathode (2006)

The field enhancement due to the dielectric is theoretically investigated for a simple triple junction of metal-dielectric vacuum. The electric potential near the junction is obtained as a function of geometry, dielectric constant, and position. It is found that the key factor to determine the field enhancement is the ratio of the angles subtended by the dielectric and vacuum portions. This enhancement is attributed to the increase of the surface charge density on the metal around the junction by the polarization charge of dielectric. The image field is also found to decrease or increase according to the geometry of the constituents. The current results give rise to a concept in field emission.
The Responsive Workbench [virtual work environment] (1994)

The Responsive Workbench concept was developed as an alternative to the multimedia and virtual reality systems of the past decade. It was recognized that almost nobody wants simulations of their working worlds in a desktop environment. Generally. users want to focus on their tasks rather than on operating the computer. The Responsive Workbench is a virtual working environment that locates virtual objects and control tools on a real "workbench". The objects-computer-generated stereo images-are projected onto the surface of a workbench. This setting corresponds to the actual work situation in an architect's office, in surgery, and so forth. A human guide uses the virtual working environment while several collaborators watch events through stereo shutter glasses. The participants operate within a nonimmersive virtual environment. Depending on the application, the virtual workbench can integrate various input and output modules, such as motion, gesture, and voice recognition systems. This characterizes the general trend away from the classical human-machine interface. Several guides can work together in similar environments either locally or by using broadband communication networks. A responsive environment, consisting of powerful graphics workstations, tracking systems, cameras, projectors, and microphones, replaces the traditional multimedia desktop workstation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Integration of in situ spectral ellipsometry with MMST machine control (1994)

The transformation of desired physical effects to process settings has been achieved through extensive use of appropriate in situ sensors for the MMST program. In situ sensors like an ellipsometer can be used to monitor film thicknesses as well as etch or growth rate in real time, and to determine endpoint time. This capability is opposed to conventional processing, which uses pilot wafers and ex situ statistical process control. In situ sensors enable real-time wafer-to-wafer compensation for equipment and process drifts and also diagnosis of equipment status for preventive maintenance. This paper discusses the use of a spectral ellipsometer (SE) developed at Texas Instruments and the issues involved in the integration of this SE to the machine control as well as to the factory-wide computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) environment for feedforward and feedback control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Myeloid derived suppressor cells – a new therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer (2013)

Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that are increased in states of cancer, inflammation and infection. In malignant states, MDSC are induced by tumor secreted growth factors. MDSC play an important part in suppression of host immune responses through several mechanisms such as production of arginase 1, release of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and secretion of immune-suppressive cytokines. This leads to a permissive immune environment necessary for the growth of malignant cells. MDSC may also contribute to angiogenesis and tumor invasion. This review focuses on currently available strategies to inhibit MDSC in the treatment of cancer.
Formulation of a therapeutic cationic liposome-siRNA complex for development to fight osteosarcoma (2018)

Introdution: Cationic liposomes have been presented for gene delivery as an alternative vector instead of viral vectors. A major challenge associated with siRNA delivery is the instability of liposomes, which is still a serious problem. The aim of this study was to provide an appropriate formulation to overcome this instability. Methods: In the present study (Scientific-Fundamental, Experimental-Laboratory Study), liposomal formulation containing soy phosphatidylcholine, cationic DOTAP, cholesterol and polyethylene glycole was synthesized by thin-film hydration method and the siRNA were loaded on liposomes through incubation. In the following; the optimization of siRNA loading was on the agenda. Then the parameters related to size, zeta potential, polydispersity index and lon-term stability of siRNA-liposomes complex were reported. The Data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism version 7 Software. All data were repeated three times and reported as mean±standard deviation. Results: In this study we were able to produce siRNA lipoplex with high loading efficiency of siRNA. The produced nanoparticles did not agglomerate and were stable at 4 oC for 3 months. This nanosystem could successfully deliver siRNA to normal bone cells. Studies have shown that the blank system (no gene) had no toxicity. Conclusion: The prepared PEGylated liposomes have a great potential for delivery of siRNA to bone cells
Factors Influencing Determination ofHigh-Level Aminoglycoside Resistance inEnterococcus faecalis (1991)

isolates was investigated attheUniversity ofChicago Medical Center andtheUniversity ofNebraska Medical Center. Methods included a standard agarscreenplate, high-content diskdiffusion, Remel(Lenexa, Kans.) EFSynergy Quadplates, standard microdilution panels prepared in house, PascoMIC Gram-Positive panels (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.), MicroScan MIC Type5dry panels (Baxter Healthcare Corp., MicroScan Div., WestSacramento, Calif.), andVitek GPS-TAcards(Vitek Systems Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.). Results indicating false resistance werenotobtained byanymethod, andthere was 100%agreement between theresults ofthediskdiffusion andstandard agar screenmethods. Prolonging incubation from24to48hincreased resistance detection forboth agarandmicrodilution screens.EFSynergy Quadplates inoculated withmicropipettes detected 100%ofthestreptomycin- andgentamicin-resistant isolates. Resistance detection forstreptomycin andgentamicin, respectively, was 93and96%bystandard microdilution, 93and98%byPascopanels, 88and89%byMicroScan panels, and88and91% byVitek GPS-TAcards. False susceptibility occurred more frequently withstreptomycin-resistant isolates thanitdid withgentamicin-resistant strains andappeared tobestrain related insome instances. Theuseofan increased inoculum size enhanced resistance detection withthese strains, butitcomplicated interpretation ofresults and ledtotheselection ofstreptomycin-resistant mutants. Until results offurther studies delineate optimumtest conditions, a delay inthefinal interpretation ofagarandmicrodilution screenresults until 48hforisolates showing no or light growth at24hmay helptominimize theoccurrenceoffalse susceptibility reporting.
Tolerance to COX-2 inhibitors in children with hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (2013)

These data indicate that both etoricoxib and meloxicam are good alternatives for treatment in older children with hypersensitivity to NSAIDs.
Self-Adaptive and Online QoS Modeling for Cloud-Based Software Services (2016)

In the presence of scale, dynamism, uncertainty and elasticity, cloud software engineers faces several challenges when modeling Quality of Service (QoS) for cloud-based software services. These challenges can be best managed through self-adaptivity because engineers' intervention is difficult, if not impossible, given the dynamic and uncertain QoS sensitivity to the environment and control knobs in the cloud. This is especially true for the shared infrastructure of cloud, where unexpected interference can be caused by co-located software services running on the same virtual machine; and co-hosted virtual machines within the same physical machine. In this paper, we describe the related challenges and present a fully dynamic, self-adaptive and online QoS modeling approach, which grounds on sound information theory and machine learning algorithms, to create QoS model that is capable to predict the QoS value as output over time by using the information on environmental conditions, control knobs and interference as inputs. In particular, we report on in-depth analysis on the correlations of selected inputs to the accuracy of QoS model in cloud. To dynamically selects inputs to the models at runtime and tune accuracy, we design self-adaptive hybrid dual-learners that partition the possible inputs space into two sub-spaces, each of which applies different symmetric uncertainty based selection techniques; the results of sub-spaces are then combined. Subsequently, we propose the use of adaptive multi-learners for building the model. These learners simultaneously allow several learning algorithms to model the QoS function, permitting the capability for dynamically selecting the best model for prediction on the fly. We experimentally evaluate our models in the cloud environment using RUBiS benchmark and realistic FIFA 98 workload. The results show that our approach is more accurate and effective than state-of-the-art modelings.
Human gait pattern recognition for evaluation, diagnosis and control. (1978)

Thesis. 1978. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
Chromatin- and Transcription-Related Factors Repress Transcription from within Coding Regions throughout the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genome (2008)

Previous studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have demonstrated that cryptic promoters within coding regions activate transcription in particular mutants. We have performed a comprehensive analysis of cryptic transcription in order to identify factors that normally repress cryptic promoters, to determine the amount of cryptic transcription genome-wide, and to study the potential for expression of genetic information by cryptic transcription. Our results show that a large number of factors that control chromatin structure and transcription are required to repress cryptic transcription from at least 1,000 locations across the S. cerevisiae genome. Two results suggest that some cryptic transcripts are translated. First, as expected, many cryptic transcripts contain an ATG and an open reading frame of at least 100 codons. Second, several cryptic transcripts are translated into proteins. Furthermore, a subset of cryptic transcripts tested is transiently induced in wild-type cells following a nutritional shift, suggesting a possible physiological role in response to a change in growth conditions. Taken together, our results demonstrate that, during normal growth, the global integrity of gene expression is maintained by a wide range of factors and suggest that, under altered genetic or physiological conditions, the expression of alternative genetic information may occur.
Segmenting Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Infarct Simultaneously From Follow-Up Non-Contrast CT Images in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke (2019)

Cerebral infarct volume (CIV) measured from follow-up non contrast CT (NCCT) scans of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients is an important radiologic outcome measure of the effectiveness of ischemic stroke treatment. Post-treatment CIV in NCCT of AIS patients typically includes ischemic infarct only. In around 10% of AIS patients, however, hemorrhagic transformation or frank hemorrhage occurs along with ischemic infarction. Manual segmentation used to segment CIV into these two components in clinical practice is tedious and user dependent. Although automated segmentation methods exist, they can only segment either hemorrhage or ischemic infarct alone. In order to measure post-treatment CIV more efficiently, a novel joint segmentation approach is proposed to segment ischemic and hemorrhage infarct simultaneously. The proposed method makes use of advances in deep learning and convex optimization techniques. Specifically, convolutional neural network learned semantic information, local image context, and high-level user initialized prior are integrated into a multi-region time-implicit contour evolution scheme, which can be globally optimized by convex relaxation. The proposed segmentation approach is quantitatively evaluated using 30 patient images using Dice similarity coefficient and the mean and maximum absolute surface distance, compared to the gold standard of manual segmentation. The results show that the proposed semi-automatic segmentation is accurate and robust, outperforming some state-of-the-art semi-and automatic segmentation approaches.
The heat of fusion of polymer crystals: Polyethylene crystals in suspension (1979)

Abstract Recent experiments have supported the view that polyethylene (PE) single crystals kept in suspension, in a variety of liquids, have different physical properties compared with the same crystals after drying. The present work was undertaken in an attempt to directly measure one of the basic properties of crystals in suspension, namely their percent crystallinity ( X ). Differential scanning calorimetry was chosen as the primary tool for this investigation. A method has been developed to determine the weight of PE in a suspension of crystals in a nonsolvent. Thus, a determination of X can be made. For suspension crystals, X was found to be at least 88.5%, some 6% larger than that for the corresponding dried or freeze‐dried material. Implications with regard to the fold‐surface structure are discussed. Differences in degree of crystallinity as a function of drying procedure have also been observed.
Fracture risks among patients with atrial fibrillation receiving different oral anticoagulants: a real-world nationwide cohort study (2019)

Compared with warfarin, NOAC was associated with a reduced fracture risk among AF patients. Therefore, if oral anticoagulants are indicated, NOACs rather than warfarin should be considered to lower the risk of fractures. However, further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and elucidate causality.
Surgical Strategies to Improve Fixation in the Osteoporotic Spine: the Effects of Tapping, Cement Augmentation, and Screw Trajectory (2013)

Study Design Biomechanical study of pedicle screw fixation in osteoporotic bone. Objective To investigate whether it is better to tap or not tap osteoporotic bone prior to placing a cement-augmented pedicle screw. Methods Initially, we evaluated load to failure of screws placed in cancellous bone blocks with or without prior tapping as well as after varying the depths of tapping prior to screw insertion. Then we evaluated load to failure of screws placed in bone block models with a straight-ahead screw trajectory as well as with screws having a 23-degree cephalad trajectory (toward the end plate). These techniques were tested with nonaugmented (NA) screws as well as with bioactive cement (BioC) augmentation prior to screw insertion. Results In the NA group, pretapping decreased fixation strength in a dose-dependent fashion. In the BioC group, the tapped screws had significantly greater loads to failure (p < 0.01). Comparing only the screw orientation, the screws oriented at 23 degrees cephalad had a significantly higher failure force than their respective counterparts at 0 degrees (p < 0.01). Conclusions Standard pedicle screw fixation is often inadequate in the osteoporotic spine, but this study suggests tapping prior to cement augmentation will substantially improve fixation when compared with not tapping. Angulating screws more cephalad also seems to enhance aging spine fixation.
Light-Activated Molecular Conductivity in the Photoreactions of Vitamin D3 (2009)

In this theoretical-experimental approach, we show using ab initio calculations behavior consistent with the activation of 7-dehydrocholesterol, provitamin D(3), as an initial reactant toward ultraviolet-activated reactions of vitamin D(3). We find using molecular orbital theory that a conformation between the provitamin and the vitamin shows higher conductance than those of the reactant and product. We also find experimental evidence of this electrical character by directly measuring current-voltage characteristics on irradiated and nonirradiated samples of the provitamin. The activation of the provitamin D(3) is characterized with an increase in current during the irradiation.
Topical delivery of liposomally encapsulated interferon evaluated by in vitro diffusion studies (1990)

The topical delivery of several liposomal interferon formulations was evaluated by in vitro diffusion experiments in an effort to understand the effects of liposomal composition and method of preparation on the deposition of interferon into the stratum corneum and deeper strata of the skin. Application of liposomes prepared from lipids with a composition similar to that of the stratum corneum resulted in almost twice the amount of interferon being deposited in the deeper skin layers than did application of liposomes prepared from phospholipids. Topical application of "skin lipid" liposomes prepared by the dehydration-rehydration method was twice as effective as was topical application of liposomes prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation method with respect to their ability to deposit interferon into the skin strata where the basal cell layers reside. These results are consistent with the effects of liposomal composition and method of preparation on the ability of the formulation to reduce lesion scores in the cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 guinea pig model.
Metabolism of 2-Ketoaldehydes in Mold: Purification and Characterization of Glyoxalase I from Aspergillus niger1 (1987)

Glyoxalase I catalyzing the conversion of methylglyoxal into S-lactoylglutathione in the presence of glutathione was purified approximately 1,400-fold with 2.9% activity yield from mold, Aspergillus niger. The enzyme consisted of a single polypeptide chain with a relative molecular weight of 36,000 on both SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. The enzyme was most active at pH 7.0, 35-37 degrees C. Among the various aldehydes tested, the enzyme was active on methylglyoxal and 4,5-dioxovalerate with Km values of 1.25 and 0.87 mM, respectively. The activity of the enzyme was completely inhibited by Zn2+ at 0.5 mM. An equimolar amount of EDTA (0.5 mM) protected the enzyme from inactivation by Zn2+. EDTA competitively (K1 = 1.3 mM) inhibited the activity of the enzyme. Fe2+ was a potent activator for the enzyme, the activation being approximately 2.4-fold at 0.5 mM.