gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic community ecology and the role of social dominance in sponge‐dwelling shrimp (2012)

When functional traits are evolutionarily conserved, phylogenetic relatedness can serve as a proxy for ecological similarity to examine whether functional differences among species mediate community assembly. Using phylogenetic- and trait-based analyses, we demonstrate that sponge-dwelling shrimp (Synalpheus) assemblages are structured by size-based habitat filtering, interacting with competitive exclusion mediated by social system. Most shrimp communities were more closely related and/or more similar in size than randomized communities, consistent with habitat filtering facilitated by phylogenetically conserved body size. Those sponges with greater space heterogeneity hosted shrimp communities with greater size diversity, corroborating the importance of size in niche use. However, communities containing eusocial shrimp - which cooperatively defend territories - were less phylogenetically related and less similar in size, suggesting that eusociality enhances competitive ability and drives competitive exclusion. Our analyses demonstrate that community assembly in this diverse system occurs via traits mediating niche use and differential competitive ability.
Epidemiology of Ocular Trauma in a Tertiary Hospital Setting (2019)

Purpose: To determine the Epidemiology of Ocular Trauma in a Tertiary Hospital Setting.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Ophthalmology Department, DHQ Teaching Hospital Gujranwala from December 2016- December 2017.&#x0D; Material and Methods: All patients included in the study had the following data recorded at presentation and follow up; date, age, gender, location and nature of injury, residence place, cause of injury, duration of hospitalization, anatomical site, adjuvant treatment, initial and final best-corrected (Snellen) visual acuity. Data was classified into five groups on the basis of place of eye injury.&#x0D; Results: The total numbers of patients was 95. Mean age of patients was 31.9 ± 18.1 years. Out of these patients, 80 (84.2%) were males and 15 (15.8%) were females. There were 23 (24.2%) patients in 1-18 years age group, 40 (42.1%) patients in 18-35 years age group and 32 (33.7%) in &gt;35 years age group. The tissues involved during trauma included 22 (33.8%) lid tears, 30 (46.2%) corneal tears, 2 (3.1%) scleral tears and 8 (12.3%) corneo-scleral tears. The most common location of ocular trauma was workplace (31.5%), household injuries (27.4%), sports injuries (7.3%), animal related injuries (8.4% and miscellaneous (25.2%). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved in 28 (29.5%) cases, deteriorated in 8 (8.4% cases and remained same in 59 (62.1%) cases.&#x0D; Conclusion: Young patients (18-35 years) are at more risk of ocular trauma especially at work, and this translates into a higher economic burden for the country at large.&#x0D; Keywords: Ocular Trauma, Road injuries, Domestic injuries.
Autogenic incision‐backfilling cycles and lobe formation during the growth of alluvial fans with supercritical distributaries (2013)

Abstract Autogenic cycles of channelization, terminal deposit formation, channel backfilling and channel abandonment have been observed in the formation of fans and deltas. In subcritical flow, these terminal deposits are characterized as mouth bars that lead to flow bifurcation, backwater and eventual channel backfilling. Similar, although less well characterized, cycles also take place on supercritical subaerial and submarine fans. This study investigates the hydraulics and morphodynamics of autogenic incision and backfilling cycles associated with supercritical distributive channel flow in alluvial fans. The research questions of the study are: (i) how are supercritical autogenic cycles on alluvial fans different from the subcritical cycles; (ii) what are the hydraulic and sediment transport characteristics at the various stages of autogenic feedback cycles; and (iii) what role do the cycles play in the overall fan evolution? These questions are investigated in the laboratory, and emphasis is placed on measuring the hydraulic and topographic evolution of the systems during the cycles. The cycles arise quasi‐periodically under constant water and sediment discharge. Periods of sheet‐like flow are competent to move sediment ( ) but not competent enough to carry the full imposed load. The net result is preferential deposition near the inlet, resulting in fan steepening and an increase in flow competency with time. At a sediment supply to capacity ratio of , the sheet‐like flow is unstable to small erosional events near the inlet, resulting in the collapse of the distributed flow to a strong channelized state. During channelization, a graded ( ) supercritical ( Fr &gt; 1) channel develops and transports eroded and fed sediment up to and through the fan front – extending the fan, initiating a lobe shaped deposit and reducing the local slope. The slopes defined by a sheet‐like flow with and channelized flow with set the maximum and minimum slopes on the fan, respectively. Once formed, graded channels act as bypass conduits linking the inlet with the terminal deposit. On average, deposits are up to six channel depths in thickness and have volumes approximately five times that of the excavated channel. The main distinctive characteristics of the supercritical cycles relate to how the flow interacts with the terminal deposit. At the channel to deposit transition, the flow undergoes a weak hydraulic jump, resulting in rapid sedimentation, dechannelization and lateral expansion of the flow, and deposition of any remaining sediment on top of the channel fill and floodplain. This process often caps the channel as the deposit propagates up channel erasing memory of the excavated channel.
A fast interpolative wordlength optimization method for DSP systems (2012)

As Digital Signal Processing (DSP) systems grow in complexity, the classical simulation-based approaches to the wordlength optimization (WLO) problem for fixed-point data representation can no longer be used due to unaffordable execution times. Thus, it is necessary to accelerate the computations and significantly reduce the number of simulations performed in order to obtain optimized solutions in reasonable times. In this paper a new interpolative method is presented. This technique makes use of the information obtained in previous steps of the WLO process to guide the search so the number of required simulations is minimized. Experimental results show that this process provides optimized results several times faster than the traditional approaches without any significant penalty on the quality of the solutions.
감사인 품질관리에 대한 공적규제와 회계정보의 가치관련성 (2012)

금융감독원(금감원) 및 미국 PCAOB 등 각국의 회계감독기구들은 최근 감사인의 품질관리에 대하여 종전의 자율감리체제에서 공적 규제로 정책을 변경하였다. 감사품질에 대한 공적 규제제도에서는 감독기관이 감사인의 품질감리를 직접 실시하며, 감사인의 등록을 의무화한다. 이러한 정책변경은 감사품질을 향상시킬 것이라는 기대 속에 이루어졌다. 실제로 선행연구(이재은 2011)는 금감원의 품질관리감리 대상 또는 외국 감독기구에 등록된 감사인의 감사품질(재량적 발생의 크기로 측정)이 그렇지 않은 경우 보다 더 양호함을 보고하였다. 그러나 감사품질에 관한 공적규제가 독립성 제고 등의 장점이 있지만 감리수행자의 전문성 부족과 규제비용의 증가와 같은 문제점이 있다는 주장이 제기된다(Pritchard and Puri 2006). 이런 측면에서 감사인 품질관리에 대한 공적규제로 정책전환은 그 효과를 다각적으로 검증할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 감사인의 품질관리에 대한 공적 규제 여부에 따라 회계정보이용자들이 인식하는 회계정보의 가치관련성에 차이가 있는지를 조사한다. 구체적으로, 금감원의 직접 품질관리감리 대상 또는 외국 감독기구에 등록한 회계법인이 감사한 기업의 회계정보 가치관련성이 그렇지 않은 기업과 차이가 있는지를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 연구결과, 금감원의 품질관리감리 대상 또는 외국회계감독기구에 등록한 감사인이 감사한 기업의 회계정보 중 순이익 정보는 그렇지 않은 기업보다 가치관련성이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 다만 금감원 품질관리 대상 또는 외국회계감독기구에 등록한 감사인이 감사한 기업만을 대상으로 제도변경 전과 후의 회계정보가치관련성을 비교한 결과에서는 금감원 품질관리감리 제도가 실시된 후에만 순이익의 가치관련성이 증가하였다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 투자자들이 공적규제 대상 감사인이 감사한 기업의 회계정보(순이익) 가치관련성을 그렇지 않은 기업보다 더 높게 인식함을 의미한다. 이는 회계이익정보의 가치관련성이 감소하고 있다는 증거를 제시한 최근의 연구(Dichev and Tang 2008)와 관련하여, 회계정보의 신뢰성 향상을 위하여 감사품질에 관한 공적규제로의 정책 전환이 타당성이 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구결과는 공적규제여부가 감사품질지표가 될 수 있음을 나타낸다는 점에서 감사인의 품질관리제도에 대한 향후 회계감독제도의 운영방향과 관련하여 정책적 시사점을 제공한다.
High-Performance Graphene/Carbon Nanotube-Based Adsorbents for Treating Diluted o-Cresol in Water in a Pilot-Plant Scale Demo (2021)

Graphene/carbon nanotube (CNT)-based adsorbents were fabricated on a kilogram scale by extrusion processing (where graphene is used as the major adsorption material and CNTs make up the backbone to enhance the mechanical strength) and then mixed and bonded with poly(tetrafluoroethylene). Kilogram-scale adsorbents were used to treat the content of <i>o</i>-cresol in wastewater to be <1.12 mg/kg in a continuous and reversible adsorption-desorption apparatus, which could last for 99 h with a space velocity of 30 h<sup>-1</sup> and a total wastewater capacity of 5 tons per day. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Raman spectroscopy all suggested that the surface properties and pore structure of the spent adsorbents remain unchanged after recycling at both low-temperature adsorption and high-temperature desorption in vacuum. These results provided an effective reversible adsorbent system for removing aromatic organics and prompted the scaled-up applications of carbon nanomaterials in the treatment of wastewater.
Cross-Reactivity and Functionality of Approved Human Immune Checkpoint Blockers in Dogs (2021)

Cross-functionality of atezolizumab encourages reverse translational efforts using (combination) immunotherapies in companion dog tumor patients to benefit both veterinary and human medicine.
Alterations in the distribution of fibronectin and laminin in the diabetic human eye. (1987)

The distribution of fibronectin and laminin in diabetic human eyes was determined by indirect immunofluorescent techniques. The intense fluorescence suggests increased amounts of fibronectin and laminin in the diabetic internal limiting membrane (ILM). A double laminated pattern of fluorescence for both glycoproteins suggests structural abnormalities of the ILM of the posterior retina. Preretinal and subretinal proliferative tissues fluoresced strongly and diffusely with antifibronectin. This study indicates that in diabetic patients, the ILM, especially in the posterior retina, is biochemically and morphologically abnormal.
Ferritin. Biomineralization of Iron (2008)

Iron biominerals (hydrated ferric oxides) in ferritin, protein nanocages + mineral, function as iron concentrates for iron/heme/iron-sulfur protein synthesis; ferritins are also oxidant traps, since dioxygen is consumed for mineral formation in maxi-ferritins (bacteria, animal, and plants) and hydrogen peroxide is consumed in mini-ferritins (Dps proteins of archaea and bacteria). Both maxi- and mini-ferritins protect against biological oxidant stress. The roles of ferritins in aerobic evolution, and the possible ancestral role of mini-ferritins are discussed. Catalytic coupling of ferrous and oxidant at di-iron sites, called ferroxidation, occurs in maxi-ferritins at sites related to cofactor sites in di-iron oxygenases such as ribonucleotide reductase and methane monooxygenase, via the same precursor as diferric peroxo complex; decay of the diferric peroxo complex in the oxygenases leaves iron in the protein sites as a cofactor, but in ferritin, the iron is a substrate that leaves the active site in the product: diferric oxo/hydroxo mineral precursors. Translocation of the iron mineral precursors through the protein nanocage is poorly understood, in contrast to the evidence for nucleation at conserved carboxylate side chains lining the interior mineralization cavity (diameter 5–8 nm) and for conserved pore gates (leu/leu or ileu and arg/asp) that influence helix folding and unfolding around the pores to control access of external reductants with interior mineral and to change demineralization rates. Understanding the multiple functional sites in ferritin protein nanocages, critical to understanding iron biominerals, drug design for iron overload therapies, and design of antibacterial agents selectively targeted to bacterial active sites, has fundamental importance in understanding the structure/function and evolution of di-iron/oxidase catalysis, gated pores, and self-assembly of protein nanostructures.
Determination of epidemiological relationships ofStreptococcus agalactiaeisolated from bovine mastitis (2003)

In the present study 79 streptococcal cultures isolated from subclinical mastitis of 54 cows from seven dairy farms (A-G) in Hesse, Germany, were comparatively investigated using conventional and molecular methods. The isolates could be identified as Streptococcus agalactiae, belonging to Lancefield's serological group B by determination of cultural, biochemical and serological properties and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated amplification of species-specific parts of the 16S ribosomal DNA, the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region and the CAMP factor gene cfb. The investigated group B streptococci were further characterized serologically for specific polysaccharide and protein antigens. Serotyping the isolates revealed a predominance of surface protein antigen X, either alone or in combination with polysaccharide antigen Ia. This could be observed for 39 isolates of farms A, B and C. Six group B streptococci from farm E displayed the serotype pattern III/Rib, two isolates from farm G showed the serotype pattern Ib/calpha. The remaining cultures from farms D and F (n=32) were non-typable. The occurrence of protein Rib could be confirmed by PCR amplification of the gene rib. The two isolates with serotype pattern Ib/calpha also reacted positively for the cbeta-encoding gene bag. Additional properties which allowed a phenotypic characterization of the S. agalactiae were the degree of pigmentation, growth properties in fluid media and soft agar, the surface hydrophobicity, the ability to hemagglutinate rabbit erythrocytes and their resistance reactions to tetracycline and minocycline. The isolates of the seven farms showed identical or almost identical characteristics. The 79 group B streptococci were additionally investigated by macrorestriction analysis of their chromosomal DNA using the restriction endonucleases SmaI, ApaI and SalI. The restriction patterns obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis displayed identical or closely related patterns for the cultures of the various farms. The pheno- and genotypic characteristics of the 79 group B streptococci of the present study revealed that a single S. agalactiae strain or at least closely related subtypes of this strain were responsible for the mastitis situation of the seven farms.
A SEMANTIC SCRAPING MODEL FOR WEB RESOURCES - Applying Linked Data to Web Page Screen Scraping (2011)

In spite of the increasing presence of Semantic Web Facilities, only a limited amount of the available resources in the Internet provide a semantic access. Recent initiatives such as the emerging Linked Data Web are providing semantic access to available data by porting existing resources to the semantic web using different technologies, such as database-semantic mapping and scraping. Nevertheless, existing scraping solutions are based on ad-hoc solutions complemented with graphical interfaces for speeding up the scraper development. This article proposes a generic framework for web scraping based on semantic technologies. This framework is structured in three levels: scraping services, semantic scraping model and syntactic scraping. The ﬁrst level provides an interface to generic applications or intelligent agents for gathering information from the web at a high level. The second level deﬁnes a semantic RDF model of the scraping process, in order to provide a declarative approach to the scraping task. Finally, the third level provides an implementation of the RDF scraping model for speciﬁc technologies. The work has been validated in a scenario that illustrates its application to mashup technologies
Development of simultaneous measurement system of birefringence, optical rotational power, and transmission spectra for chiral liquid crystal phases (2016)

Abstract A novel experimental setup used to measure the important optical properties of liquid crystal materials is proposed. The setup allows us to measure electric-field-induced birefringence, optical rotational power, and transmission spectra consecutively. This system can be widely applied to characterize liquid crystal materials including blue phases, ferroelectric liquid crystals, and other chiral phases. We adopted this system to study the phase transition behavior of a V-shape switching ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture and made an important correction of experimental results previously reported by Sandhya et al. [ Europhys. Lett. 90 , 56005 (2010) ]. This finding proves the advantage of this system compared with the measurement method using individual systems.
Platinized graphene fiber electrodes revealed differential activity in terminal splenic neurovascular plexi supporting a direct spleen-vagus communication (2021)

Abstract Neural interfacing nerve fascicles along the splenic neurovascular plexi (SNVP) is needed to better understand the spleen physiology, and for selective neuromodulation of this major organ. However, the small size and anatomical location have proven to be a significant challenge. Here, we use a reduced liquid crystalline graphene oxide (rGO) fiber coated with platinum (Pt) as a super-flexible suture-like electrode to interface multiple SNVP. The Pt-rGO fibers were used as handover knot electrodes over the small plexi, allowing sensitive recording from the splenic nerve (SN) terminal branches. Asymmetric defasciculation of the SN branches was revealed by electron microscopy, and the functional compartmentalization in spleen innervation was evidenced in response to hypoxia and pharmacological modulation of mean arterial pressure. We demonstrate that electrical stimulation of cervical and subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve (VN), evoked direct activity in a subset of SN terminal branches, providing evidence for a direct VN control over the spleen. This notion was supported by tract-tracing of SN branches, revealing an unconventional direct spleen-VN projection. High-performance Pt-rGO fiber electrodes, may be used for the fine neural modulation of other small neurovascular plexi at the point of entry of the organs as a bioelectronic medical alternative.
Correction for Sample Free Glycerol Is Needed for Accurate Measurement of Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations in Miniature Swine (1988)

Methods for the measurement of plasma or serum triglyceride concentrations usually quantify the glycerol released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the triglyceride molecule. Any free glycerol in the sample is measured erroneously as triglyceride in these methods. As miniature swine have been used commonly for comparative studies of plasma lipoprotein lipids, this study was conducted to assess the need for free glycerol correction of plasma triglyceride measurements by comparing glycerol-blank corrected and non-corrected total plasma triglyceride concentrations from fasted minipigs. Fasting plasma free glycerol concentrations range from 9 to 14 mg/dl. The mean +/- SD (n = 16) glycerol-blank corrected total plasma triglyceride value (77 +/- 8 mg/dl) was significantly (p < 0.001) less than the uncorrected measurement value (189 +/- 12 mg/dl). Poor correlation (r = 0.24) between corrected and uncorrected total plasma triglyceride measurements suggests that mathematic correction by a constant correction factor would yield inaccurate results for miniature swine. Free glycerol blanking is essential for determination of the true total plasma triglyceride concentration.
Performance Evaluation of InP-Based DP-IQ Modulators for Multiband Transmission Systems (2020)

In this paper we study the wavelength-dependence of power imbalance and insertion loss in InP-based 2×2 Multi-Mode Interference (MMI) couplers as means to evaluate the design of multiband DP-IQ modulators. A system level investigation is performed on a simulated coherent transmission setup and the impact of different MMI design strategies for 4- and 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals is studied.
Larvicidal activity of Cnidium monnieri fruit coumarins and structurally related compounds against insecticide‐susceptible and insecticide‐resistant Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes aegypti (2012)

The C. monnieri fruit-derived coumarins and the related coumarins described merit further study as potential insecticides or lead molecules for the control of insecticide-resistant mosquito populations.
Epigenetic switch involved in activation of pioneer factor FOXA1-dependent enhancers (2011)

Transcription factors (TFs) bind specifically to discrete regions of mammalian genomes called cis-regulatory elements. Among those are enhancers, which play key roles in regulation of gene expression during development and differentiation. Despite the recognized central regulatory role exerted by chromatin in control of TF functions, much remains to be learned regarding the chromatin structure of enhancers and how it is established. Here, we have analyzed on a genomic-scale enhancers that recruit FOXA1, a pioneer transcription factor that triggers transcriptional competency of these cis-regulatory sites. Importantly, we found that FOXA1 binds to genomic regions showing local DNA hypomethylation and that its cell-type-specific recruitment to chromatin is linked to differential DNA methylation levels of its binding sites. Using neural differentiation as a model, we showed that induction of FOXA1 expression and its subsequent recruitment to enhancers is associated with DNA demethylation. Concomitantly, histone H3 lysine 4 methylation is induced at these enhancers. These epigenetic changes may both stabilize FOXA1 binding and allow for subsequent recruitment of transcriptional regulatory effectors. Interestingly, when cloned into reporter constructs, FOXA1-dependent enhancers were able to recapitulate their cell type specificity. However, their activities were inhibited by DNA methylation. Hence, these enhancers are intrinsic cell-type-specific regulatory regions of which activities have to be potentiated by FOXA1 through induction of an epigenetic switch that includes notably DNA demethylation.
Long-term combined beneficial effects of physical training and metabolic treatment on atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice (2004)

The pathogenic mechanisms by which physical exercise influences atherosclerotic lesion formation remain poorly understood. Because vigorous physical training increases oxidative stress, this study tested the hypothesis that graduated and moderate physical exercise together with metabolic intervention (l-arginine and antioxidants) may contribute to increased vascular protection. Exercise training in mice was induced by graduated swimming. In hypercholesterolemic male mice on an atherogenic high-cholesterol diet, graduated and moderate exercise lowered plasma cholesterol and decreased atherosclerotic lesions compared with sedentary control mice. Antioxidants (1.0% vitamin E added to the chow and 0.05% vitamin C added to the drinking water) and l-arginine (6% in drinking water) supplementation to exercising hypercholesterolemic mice further and synergistically reduced atherosclerosis compared with untreated exercised mice. Arterial oxidation-specific epitopes and systemic oxidative stress were reduced by metabolic intervention. Graduated chronic exercise elicited an increase in production of nitric oxide through increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and ameliorated scavenger activities. Thus, metabolic intervention with l-arginine and antioxidants together with graduated and moderate exercise training reduce atherosclerotic lesion formation.