gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Profitability of using nitrogen fertilizer or inoculating soybean seed (2020)

Abstract Applying supplemental fertilizer N or inoculating soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed with Bradyrhizobium japonicum led to mixed yield responses. We assessed the profitability of seed inoculation, fertilizing with N, or both, across different planting dates using maturity group (MG) IV and MG V soybean cultivars under irrigated conditions. Planting dates ranged from late May to late June at Fayetteville, AR, and Pine Tree, AR, from 2017 to 2019. Urea fertilizer was applied at R2 at 0 or 56 kg N ha −1 using inoculated soybean. Similarly, non‐inoculated treatments ranged from 0, 28, 56, 112, to 168 kg N ha −1 . Although fertilizer did increase yield, the response varied by planting date, was small, and only significant at p = .141 and .171 for linear and non‐linear effects of N, respectively. Seed inoculation had a small negative impact (89 kg ha −1 ) on yield ( p = .0157). Using historical prices over the last 10 yr, optimal fertilizer rates ranged from 3.6 to 6.6 kg N ha −1 with an attendant average yield increase of 32 kg ha −1 for early planting and from 2.6 to 4.1 kg N ha −1 for late planting with an average yield gain of 24 kg ha −1 . Regardless of timing of planting, the added yield less attendant fertilizer cost resulted in an average net gain of US$7.39 and $6.00 ha −1 , for early and late planting, respectively. That net gain was insufficient to cover additional custom fertilizer application charges of $17.30 ha −1 . Hence, inoculation and fertilizer N are not recommended.
The bandwidth of optimized nonlinear vibration-based energy harvesters (2014)

In an attempt to improve the performance of vibration-based energy harvesters, many authors suggest that nonlinearities can be exploited to increase the bandwidths of linear devices. Nevertheless, the complex dependence of the response upon the input excitation has made a realistic comparison of linear harvesters with nonlinear energy harvesters challenging. In a previous work it has been demonstrated that for a given frequency of excitation, it is possible to achieve the same maximum power for a nonlinear harvester as that for a linear harvester, provided that the resistance and the linear stiffness of both are optimized. This work focuses on the bandwidths of linear and nonlinear harvesters and shows which device is more suitable for harvesting energy from vibrations. The work considers different levels of excitation as well as different frequencies of excitation. In addition, the effect of the mechanical damping of the oscillator on the power bandwidth is shown for both the linear and nonlinear cases.
Automatic Segmentation of Head and Neck Tumor: How Powerful Transformers Are? (2022)

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and head and neck (H&amp;N) cancer is amongst the most prevalent types. Positron emission tomography and computed tomography are used to detect, segment and quantify the tumor region. Clinically, tumor segmentation is extensively time-consuming and prone to error. Machine learning, and deep learning in particular, can assist to automate this process, yielding results as accurate as the results of a clinician. In this paper, we investigate a vision transformer-based method to automatically delineate H&amp;N tumor, and compare its results to leading convolutional neural network (CNN)-based models. We use multi-modal data from CT and PET scans to perform the segmentation task. We show that a solution with a transformer-based model has the potential to achieve comparable results to CNN-based ones. With cross validation, the model achieves a mean dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.736, mean precision of 0.766 and mean recall of 0.766. This is only 0.021 less than the 2020 competition winning model (cross validated in-house) in terms of the DSC score. On the testing set, the model performs similarly, with DSC of 0.736, precision of 0.773, and recall of 0.760, which is only 0.023 lower in DSC than the 2020 competition winning model. This work shows that cancer segmentation via transformer-based models is a promising research area to further explore.
Optimal Motion Planning for Differentially Flat Systems Using Bernstein Approximation (2017)

This letter presents a computational framework to efficiently generate feasible and optimal trajectories for differentially flat autonomous vehicle systems. We formulate the optimal motion planning problem as a continuous-time optimal control problem, and approximate it by a discrete-time formulation using Bernstein polynomials. These polynomials allow for efficient computation of various constraints along the entire trajectory, and are particularly convenient for generating trajectories for safe operation of multiple vehicles in complex environments. The advantages of the proposed method are investigated through theoretical analysis and numerical examples.
Studies on linseed proteins (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on linseed proteinsK. T. Madhusudhan and Narendra SinghCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1983, 31, 5, 959–963Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00119a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00119a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views231Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Causal Analysis Methodology of Multisensor Systems based on GNSS (2014)

For railway positioning solutions based on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) like the GPS (Global Positioning System) or the future Galileo, a generic model is impossible to create in regards to the signal degradations in the atmosphere, the multipath effects caused by receiver near-environment, the multitude of environment configurations crossed by the train and the weak feedback of these technologies for estimated failure rates. To compensate the weakness of GNSS, it must be hybridised with other sensors to determine a position sufficiently accurate for an use in safety applications. A multitude of information sources is available about the train position. Only one position is possible. In consequence, a fusion step is necessary to combine all these sources of position. This raises some questions: Why the technology hybridisation is interesting to provide a accurate position? How the influences of sensor errors can affect the system output? Which sensors combination is the most efficient in regards to RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety) analyses required in railway safety standards? This paper proposes to focus on this last question with an analysis of different sensor architectures in order to understand how errors (propagation of failures) of one or several sensors can affect the entire positioning system. To answer to this question, a causal analysis is led based on the sensor behaviours.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Reprogramming of the ERRα and ERα Target Gene Landscape Triggers Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S5. Co-administration of anti-estrogens upon lentiviral-mediated ERRÃŽÂ± knockdown.&lt;/p&gt;
Magnetic Resonance Technology (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Magnetic Nuclei Spin in a Magnetic Field Image Creation Image Reconstruction Image Resolution Noise in the Image—SNR Image Weighting and Pulse Sequence Parameters TE and TR A Menagerie of Pulse Sequences Enhanced Diagnostic Capabilities of MRI—Contrast Agents Molecular MRI Reading the Mind—Functional MRI Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy MR Hardware MRI Safety Imaging Artefacts in MRI Advanced MR Technology and Its Possible Future References
Ring array transducers for real-time 3D ultrasound guidance of prosthetic heart valve deployment (2010)

We have previously developed 2D ring array transducers for real-time volumetric imaging guidance of minimally invasive procedures. These transducers were integrated with an 11 French catheter sheath of a Cook Medical, Inc. vena cava filter deployment kit. We have expanded on these devices and developed a 2D ring array integrated with a 30 French catheter that is used for trans-apical prosthetic heart valve implantation. This transducer consists of 210 elements at .157 mm inter element spacing and operates at 5 MHz. Average measured element bandwidth was 26% and average round-trip 50 ohm insertion loss was -81.1 dB.
ENDOSCOPIC VERSUS MEDICAL THERAPY FOR BLEEDING PEPTIC ULCERS WITH ADHERENT CLOTS (2004)

Purpose: The management of ulcers with adherent clots is controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to compare endoscopic (EndoRx) and medical therapy (MedRx) for patients with bleeding peptic ulcers containing adherent clots. Methods: We used MEDLINE, Biosis, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify all randomized controlled trials comparing the two interventions. The primary authors of published articles were contacted and study databases combined for a patient-level analysis. Studies in abstract form were included in a traditional meta-analysis. Outcomes evaluated were recurrent bleeding, need for surgery, length of hospitalization, transfusion requirement, and mortality. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled relative risks (RR) and the number needed to treat (NNT). Results: Six studies were identified, representing 240 patients from the U.S., Hong Kong, South Korea, and Spain. Four studies (N = 146) were fully published and two were in abstract form. Eligibility criteria, interventions, and outcome definitions were similar. All patients received general supportive care and acid suppressive therapy. Patients in the EndoRx group also underwent endoscopic clot removal and treatment of the underlying lesion with thermal energy, electrocoagulation, and/or injection of sclerosants. The two groups were similar in demographic characteristics, severity of bleeding, risk factors for ulcer disease, and comorbidities. Rebleeding occurred in 5 of 61 (8.2%) patients in the EndoRx group, compared to 21 of 85 (24.7%) in the MedRx group (p = 0.01). The pooled RR of rebleeding was 0.35 (95% CI, 0.14–0.83; NNT = 6.3) in favor of EndoRx. There was no difference between EndoRx and MedRx in length of hospital stay (mean 6.8 versus 5.6 days, p = 0.37), transfusions (mean 3.0 versus 2.8 units of packed red blood cells, p = 0.58), and mortality (9.8% versus 7%, p = 0.55). The results of the meta-analysis were concordant with the patient-level analysis, except for the need for surgery which favored endoscopic therapy (pooled RR 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19–0.98; NNT = 13.3); however this outcome became non-significant when only peer-reviewed studies were considered. Conclusions: Endoscopic therapy is superior to medical therapy for preventing recurrent hemorrhage in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers and adherent clot. The interventions are comparable with respect to the need for surgery, length of hospital stay, transfusion requirement, and mortality.
Toll-like Receptor Response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 or Co-Infection with Hepatitis B or C Virus: An Overview (2023)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors that play important roles in the early detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and shaping innate and adaptive immune responses, which may influence the consequences of infection. Similarly to other viral infections, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) also modulates the host TLR response; therefore, a proper understanding of the response induced by human HIV-1 or co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), due to the common mode of transmission of these viruses, is essential for understanding HIV-1 pathogenesis during mono- or co-infection with HBV or HCV, as well as for HIV-1 cure strategies. In this review, we discuss the host TLR response during HIV-1 infection and the innate immune evasion mechanisms adopted by HIV-1 for infection establishment. We also examine changes in the host TLR response during HIV-1 co-infection with HBV or HCV; however, this type of study is extremely scarce. Moreover, we discuss studies investigating TLR agonists as latency-reverting agents and immune stimulators towards new strategies for curing HIV. This understanding will help develop a new strategy for curing HIV-1 mono-infection or co-infection with HBV or HCV.
Clinical Outcomes of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Bloodstream Infections: Study of a 2-State Monoclonal Outbreak (2010)

To our knowledge, this is the first time a study has described 2 patterns of bloodstream infection with A. baumannii: single versus multiple positive blood culture results, as well as a subset of patients with prolonged bacteremia.
O4‐02‐06: Norepinephrine modulates salutary microglial functions in transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease (2009)

Loss of locus ceruleus neurons, degeneration of noradrenergic projections and decrease of norepinephrine (NE) in projection areas, such as the neocortex and hippocampus, represent early features of Alzheimer's disease. To elucidate the effect of NE-depletion on AD pathology, we evaluated NE effects on microglial functions in vitro and in vivo. To elucidate the effect of NE-depletion on AD pathology, we evaluated NE effects on microglial functions in vitro and in vivo using primary microglia and APPV717I transgenic mice. NE stimulation of mouse microglia suppressed amyloid beta-induced cytokine and chemokine production in a selective and concentration-dependent manner. NE also increased microglial migration and phagocytosis of fibrillar amyloid-beta. Similarly, locus ceruleus degeneration induced by the noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP4 increased mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory mediators and enzyme systems in the affected CNS areas of APPV717I-transgenic mice. NE-depleted APP V717-transgenic mice showed more beta-amyloid deposits within the hippocampus and frontal cortex, compared to APPV717-transgenic mice with intact NE innervation. Confocal microscopy revealed that the number of Aβ-containing microglia was higher in control compared to NE-depleted APP-transgenic mice, suggesting that normal NE levels support beta-amyloid removal. These data indicate that early LC degeneration and concomitant decrease of NE concentration in LC projection areas, such as the neocortex and hippocampus, facilitate the inflammatory reaction of microglial cells in the AD brain. At the same time, NE deficiency impairs microglial key functions, such as migration and phagocytosis, thereby contributing to reduced beta-amyloid clearance. Consequently, therapies targeting microglial phagocytosis should be tested under NE-depletion to mimic AD conditions. In addition, the β-adrenergic system may represent a target for pharmacological intervention.
A Pressure Regulator for Proportional Regulation of Two Gas Pressures (1978)

A pressure regulator which maintains a constant ratio of pressures at two gas outlets is described. The device consists of three chambers, a central reference chamber; and two side chambers, each one separated from the central one by a double diaphragm. The two double diaphragms are connected to two valves that control the respective gas flows into the side chambers. In this way, the pressures in the side chambers are governed by the pressure in the central reference chamber. The individual diaphragms of one double diaphragm are of identical diameter; whereas, the other double diaphragm consists of two single diaphragms of different diameters. The areas of these diaphragms determine the constant ratio of the outlet pressures from the side chambers.
Performance Evaluation of SPECT Imaging System for Sediment Column Imaging (2013)

The performance of a SPECT imaging system for imaging vertically oriented glass columns (10 cm diameter x 30 cm long) has been evaluated in terms of spatial resolution, image uniformity, and linearity. This imaging system was developed to support research in environmental geosciences by determining flow patterns in heterogeneous porous media (e.g., sediment) through simultaneous monitoring of sediment chemistry and flow parameters. Using a Derenzo-like hot-rod phantom, rods down to 7.9 mm diameter were resolved. Flood images had an integral uniformity of 8.5% and differential uniformity of 6.2% in the center of the field of view. The ratio of total detected counts to the mean image reconstructed value was within 2% of linear over a range of greater than two orders of magnitude of counts.
Scale-Interaction Implications for the Waterspout Life Cycle. II (1974)

The high formation frequency and previously documented life cycle of Florida Keys' waterspouts result from energy and angular momentum cascades through five scales of atmospheric motion, namely the funnel, spiral, cumulus, cloud-line and synoptic scales. The funnel scale appears to be the most complicated in that pronounced horizontal and vertical flow asymmetries in the spray vortex and funnel-cloud walls have been quantitatively analyzed. Waterspouts are apparently a two-cell type of radial vertical circulation. The spiral scale of motion is first defined by sea surface spiral patterns during stage 2 of the waterspout life cycle. The spiral scale is important because it marks the primary waterspout growth phase and gives the first visual evidence of boundary layer rotation and inflow. The single-cumulus scale is important in providing updrafts and shower outflow for concentrating larger-scale vorticity. Motions on the cloud-line scale are perhaps most crucial for waterspout formation. Less than 5% of all 1969–70 waterspouts were spawned by isolated cumulus clouds. Individual shower cells in a cloud-line protect one another from dilution by entrainment, and shower outflows interact to further concentrate the weak large-scale positive vorticity. In some cases the shear across shower-induced wind-shift lines may be the vorticity source for waterspouts. Finally, the fifth interacting scale of motion, the synoptic scale, is shown to exert a controlling influence on convective cloud-line developments in the Lower Keys.
Bioactivity-guided isolation of compounds from Sophora flavescens with antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii (2021)

Bioactivity-guided fraction of an extract of <i>Sophora flavescens</i> to identify antibacterial compounds against <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, led to the isolation of two new compounds, (2″<i>R</i>)-5-methoxy-7-hydroxy-8-lavandulylchromone (13) and (2<i>S</i>,<i>βS</i>)-(-)-sophobiflavonoid CE (19), and 18 known flavonoids, (6a<i>R</i>,11a<i>R</i>)-(-)-maackiain (1), (2<i>S</i>)-(-)-8-prenylnaringenin (2), (2<i>S</i>)-(-)-exiguaflavanone K (3), (2<i>S</i>)-(-)-sophoraflavanone G (4), (2<i>S</i>)-(-)-leachianone A (5), (2<i>S</i>)-(-)-kushenol E (6), (2<i>S</i>)-(-)-leachianone G (7), (±)-kushenol F (8), (2<i>S</i>)-(-)-kurarinone (9), (2<i>S</i>)-(-)-kurarinol (10), (2 <i>R</i>,3<i>R</i>)- (+)-3,7,4'-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone (11), (2<i>S</i>)-(-)-isoxanthohumol (12), (2<i>S</i>)-(-)-2'-methoxykurarinone (14), (2 <i>R</i>,3<i>R</i>)-(+)-kushenol I (15), calycosin (16), kuraridin (17), (2<i>S</i>)-(-)-kushenol A (18), and trifolirhizin (20). Their structures were elucidated based on NMR, MS, and CD spectroscopic analysis. Among them, <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, <b>5</b>, and <b>15</b> exerted modest antibacterial activity against <i>A. baumannii</i>, with MIC<sub>95</sub> of 128-256 μg/mL for <b>2</b> and 256-512 μg/mL for <b>1</b>, <b>5</b> and <b>15</b>.
Design methodology for IC manufacturability based on regular logic-bricks (2005)

Implementing logic blocks in an integrated circuit in terms of repeating or regular geometry patterns [6,7] can provide significant advantages in terms of manufacturability and design cost [2]. Various forms of gate and logic arrays have been recently proposed that can offer such pattern regularity to reduce design risk and costs [2,4,9,11,12]. In this paper, we propose a full-mask-set design methodology which provides the same physical design coherence as a configurable array, but with area and other design benefits comparable to standard cell ASICs. This methodology is based on a set of simple logic primitives that are mapped to a set of logic bricks that are defined by a restrictive set of RET(Resolution Enhancement Technique)-friendly geometry patterns. We propose a design methodology to explore trade-offs between the number of bricks and associated level of configurability versus the required silicon area. Results are shown to compare a design implemented with a small number of regular bricks to an implementation based on a full standard cell library in a 90nm CMOS technology.
Parabolic-confocal unstable-resonator semiconductor lasers-Modeling and experiments (1998)

Surface-emitting all-grating-based unstable-resonator lasers, suitable for integration with diffractive beam-forming elements, have been experimentally and theoretically studied. The lasers exhibit single spatial mode operation for a device width of 160 /spl mu/m. The device performance is modeled using a beam propagation method, which accounts for spatial hole burning as well as thermal and carrier diffusion effects. Near- and far-field calculations are incorporated to facilitate the comparison with the experimental results. To achieve high-quality beam forming, it is essential that the wavefront of the guided optical mode is well defined and stable. Using the model, we study the dependence of the wavefront distortion on various parameters and show how these distortions affect the far-field characteristics. The results from the simulations agree well with the experimental work. We find that the laser performance is to a large extent controlled by thermal effects. At low-power operation, these effects can be compensated for, for a range of the injection current, by modifications of the resonator or outcoupler grating geometries.
Probabilistic hierarchical detection, representation and scene interpretation of lanes and roads (2012)

The focus of this paper is to propose a concept for integrated detection, representation and interpretation of lanes and roads as well as their possible roles in the vehicle's surrounding. This includes a hierarchical probabilistic representation using particle approximation of multiple probability density functions for different levels of abstraction. Low- and high-level information can be integrated, leading to mutual bottom-up and top-down refinement of scene representation. Based on this representation bayesian networks are modeled for probabilistically inferring abstract, not directly observable relations. Based on these relations, a consistent subset of all hypotheses is generated to represent the current situation. The approach is highly flexible, able to integrate different information sources of varying levels of abstraction, while preserving a high level of probabilistic detail.