gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interpreter composition issues in the formal verification of a processor-memory module (1994)

This report describes interpreter composition techniques suitable for the formal specification and verification of a processor-memory module using the HOL theorem proving system. The processor-memory module is a multichip subsystem within a fault-tolerant embedded system under development within the Boeing Defense and Space Group. Modeling and verification methods were developed that permit provably secure composition at the transaction-level of specification, significantly reducing the complexity of the hierarchical verification of the system.
Development of non-invasive, bioimpedance-based measuring device for primary tumor detection (2021)

Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death in women, therefore early diagnosis of the tumor and continuous monitoring of the therapeutic response are essential for the successful treatment. Bioimpedance spectrum is a completely new oncological biomarker that could support early diagnosis, personalized cancer therapy and medical decision-making. The aim of this project is to develop a bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) -based diagnostic device and associated measurement protocols that can detect the emergence of primary tumors, track their growth and response to therapy with the same reproducibility and reliability as the currently used medical imaging methods like CT, MRI, US or PET. Due to the sensitivity and limitations of the BIS method were not yet fully known, the suitability of our novel measuring instrument for monitoring tumor growth was investigated using a genetically engineered mouse model of breast cancer. The following article describes the pilot experiment and its promising preliminary results examining breast cancer.
3D body scanning systems with application to the apparel industry (2001)

Abstract The ability to customise garments for fit is directly tied to the availability of a comprehensive, accurate set of measurements. To obtain accurate physical measurements, a basic knowledge and set of skills are required that are not often found in the average salesperson at a retail clothing outlet. The development of three‐dimensional body‐scanning technologies may have significant potential for use in the apparel industry, particularly for customisation or mass customisation strategies to be employed. The purpose of this study was to review all the 3D body scanning systems currently available and to determine the underlying principles that allow these systems to work. Specifications of each system were compared in order to provide some direction for further research into the integration of these systems with current apparel CAD pattern design or pattern generation technologies.
Differential Gene-Expression of Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Chondrogenic Differentiation (2005)

We have examined the effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on the proliferation of capillary endothelial cells derived from brain or adrenal cortex. In both cell types, TNF inhibits basal as well as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-stimulated cell proliferation. TNF induces an additional cytotoxic effect in bFGF-stimulated, but not in unstimulated, capillary endothelial cells. These results suggest that TNF could act as a negative regulator of angiogenesis in vivo and further, that TNF might induce selective cytotoxicity of capillary endothelial cells stimulated by tumor-derived bFGF. These results could explain why TNF induces hemorrhagic necrosis of certain, solid tumors.
rac-Dichlorido[3-ethoxy-3-(1-ethyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole]copper(II) (2013)

The title complex, [CuCl(2)(C(21)H(22)N(4)O)], contains a bis-(benzimidazole) unit with a chiral bridgehead C atom that forms part of a tetra-hydro-pyrrole ring fused to one of the benzimidazoles. The chelate angle is 90.45 (9)° and the dihedral angle between the essentially planar benzimidazole fragments is 26.68 (9)°. The Cu(II) coordination geometry lies approximately midway between tetra-hedral and square planar. Overall, each chiral mol-ecule contains six fused rings, and a racemic mixture is formed with symmetry-related enanti-omers. In the crystal, C-H⋯π and C-H⋯Cl inter-actions link mol-ecules into a supra-molecular chain along the a-axis direction.
Progress in advanced high temperature turbine materials, coatings, and technology (1977)

Material categories as well as coatings and recent turbine cooling developments are reviewed. Current state of the art is identified, and as assessment, when appropriate, of progress, problems, and future directions is provided.
Modeling Navigation System Performance of a Satellite-Observing Star Tracker Tightly Integrated with an Inertial Measurement Unit (2015)

Abstract : This dissertation evaluates a navigation system using satellite observations from a star tracker tightly-integrated with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a barometric altimeter using an extended Kalman filter. The star tracker measurement accuracy of a satellite is derived. Several system configurations are simulated comparing the performance of the estimate with respect to system parameters of the IMU, and star tracker, as well as comparing performance when providing a remote sensor satellite ephemeris error correction. Experimental observations are used to evaluate the model performance. Additionally, power requirements were calculated for a satellite signal operating in imaging bands, such that a Low Earth Orbiting satellite constellation could be detected during the day. This type of signal would make it possible to operate the star tracker integrated navigation system in GPS-degraded environments with similar duration and comparable accuracy of GPS.
A Polycation Antimicrobial Peptide Mimic without Resistance Buildup against Propionibacterium Acnes (2017)

A preliminary study is reported for a polycation antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mimic against Propionibacterium acnes, which is associated with acne vulgaris, a common skin condition. Antibiotics are commonly used against P. acnes but buildup of resistance is well-known. Worse, antibiotic regimens build up resistance for more sensitive bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis. The polycation AMP mimic C12-50, 1, is chosen for the present study as it has been previously shown to have high antimicrobial effectiveness. This study reports that C12-50 is active against P. acnes (strain ATCC 6919) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.3 µg mL<sup>-1</sup> . To monitor resistance build-up ten passages are conducted with C12-50 against P. acnes. The MIC remains constant with no resistance buildup. Parallel studies with erythromycin confirm previously reported resistance buildup. The results point to a promising pathway to applications for polycation AMP mimics against P. acnes.
Landau expansion coefficients related to second order SmA-SmC* transition for ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures composed from an achiral matrix and chiral dopants (1997)

Abstract A new three component ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture FLC-441 showing the second order phase transition and large electroclinic response with microsecond switching times have been studied with an aim to determine the Landau expansion coefficients. Capacitance, tilt angle and polarization measurements were performed in the smectic A and smectic C phases to obtain these coefficients. Unexpectedly, very small values of first Landau coefficient (α) has been obtained not previously reported in literature for any other substance. A new molecular approach to design the mixtures has been attributed to the small value of first Landau coefficient obtained.
Synthesen und Strukturen der polymeren Silber-Komplexe [Ag2Cl2(dppbp)3]∞, [Ag2(SPh)2(dppe)3]∞ und [Ag2(SPh)2(triphos)]∞ sowie der Silber-Chalkogenido-Cluster [Ag7(SPh)7(dppm)3], {[Ag7(TePh)7(dppp)3]2(dppp)} und [Ag22Cl(SPh)10(PhCOO)11(dmf)3]∞Professor Joachim Strähle zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (2002)

Die Reaktionen von Silbercarboxylaten mit silylierten Chalkogenderivaten hat sich als effektives Synthesekonzept für die Darstellung von Metall-Chalkogenid-Clustern erwiesen. Zur Stabilisierung der Clusterkerne haben sich vor allem Phosphanliganden bewährt. Einige der in-situ auftretenden Silbercarboxylat-Phosphankomplexe ([Ag2Cl2(dppbp)3]∞ (1)) sowie der einfachen Silberchalkogenolato-Komplexe ([Ag2(SPh)2(dppe)3]∞ (2) und [Ag2(SPh)2(triphos)]∞ (3)) konnten isoliert und röntgenstrukturanalytisch charakterisiert werden. Unter bestimmten Reaktionsbedingungen lassen sich neben den genannten Komplexverbindungen auch Clusterspezies wie die hier beschriebenen Verbindungen [Ag7(SPh)7(dppm)3] (4), {[Ag7(TePh)7(dppp)3]2(dppp)} (5) und [Ag22Cl(SPh)10(PhCOO)11(dmf)3]∞ (6) isolieren. Kristallstrukturdaten s. Abstract. Syntheses and Structures of the Polymeric Silver Complexes [Ag2Cl2(dppbp)3]∞, [Ag2(SPh)2(dppe)3]∞ and [Ag2(SPh)2(triphos)]∞ as well as the Silver Chalcogenido Clusters [Ag7(SPh)7(dppm)3], {[Ag7(TePh)7(dppp)3]2(dppp)}, and [Ag22Cl(SPh)10(PhCOO)11(dmf)3]∞ The reaction of silver carboxylate with silylated chalcogen compounds have been found to have a possibility for the synthesis of metal-chalcogenide-custers. Especially phosphine ligands have been found to be useful in stabilising the cluster cores. Some of the silver carboxylate phosphine complexes, which are formed in-situ, ([Ag2Cl2(dppbp)3]∞ (1)) and some silver chalcogen complexes ([Ag2(SPh)2(dppe)3]∞ (2) und [Ag2(SPh)2(triphos)]∞ (3)), could be isolated and characterised by X-ray diffraction. Using special reaction conditions, it is possible to isolate cluster species like [Ag7(SPh)7(dppm)3] (4), {[Ag7(TePh)7(dppp)3]2(dppp)} (5) and [Ag22Cl(SPh)10(PhCOO)11(dmf)3]∞ (6) beside the complex compounds. 1: Space group P21/n (No. 14), Z = 2, a = 1336, 1(2), b = 2081, 2(5), c = 2015, 4(4) pm, β = 99, 87(2)°; 2: Space group P21/n (No. 14), Z = 2, a = 1416, 1(3), b = 1874, 7(4), c = 1444, 8(3) pm, β = 93, 26(3)°; 3: Space group P21/n (No. 14), Z = 4, a = 1456, 8(3, b = 1890, 2(4), c = 1916, 1(4) pm, β = 99, 11(3)°; 4: Space group P21/n (No. 14), Z = 4, a = 1570, 2(3), b = 2798, 5(6), c = 2752, 7(6) pm, β = 98, 02(3)°; 5: Space group P1 (No. 2), Z = 2, a = 2115, 5(4), b = 2553, 3(5), c = 3188, 7(6) pm, α = 68, 87(3)°, β = 74, 05(3)°, γ = 69, 70(3)°; 6: Space group P1 (No. 2), Z = 2, a = 1583, 0(3), b = 1709, 6(3), c = 2990, 0(6) pm, α = 80, 41(3)°, β = 88, 86(3)°, γ = 71, 10(3)°).
The Indigo V Indian Ocean Expedition: a prototype for citizen microbial oceanography (2014)

Microbial Oceanography has long been an extremely expensive discipline, requiring ship time for sample collection and thereby economically constraining the number of samples collected. This is especially true for under-sampled water bodies such as the Indian Ocean. Specialised scientific equipment only adds to the costs.Moreover, long term monitoring of microbial communities and large scale modelling of global biogeochemical cycles requires the collection of high-density data both temporally and spatially in a cost-effective way. Thousands of private ocean-going vessels are cruising around the world’s oceans every day. We believe that a combination of new technologies, appropriate laboratory protocols and strategic operational partnerships will allow researchers to broaden the scope of participation in basic oceanographic research. This will be achieved by equipping sailing vessels with small, satcom-equipped sampling devices, user-friendly collection techniques and a ’pre-addressed-stamped-envelope’ to send in the samples for analysis. We aim to prove that ’bigger’ is not necessarily ’better’ and the key to greater understanding of the world’s oceans is to forge the way to easier and cheaper sample acquisition. The ultimate goal of the Indigo V Expedition is to create a working blue-print for ’citizen microbial oceanography’.We will present the preliminary outcomes of the first Indigo V expedition, from Capetown to Singapore, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of such endeavours.
A video-oriented knowledge collection and accumulation system with associated multimedia resource integration (2015)

Knowledge-collection and accumulation are essential functions for realizing a knowledge-creation environment. Our system for an objective-video with a story on the Internet focuses on expert-knowledge collection and accumulation based video contents with multimedia, such as images, texts and audio data. The purpose of this system design is to generate “relationships of uploaded data” across heterogeneous categories in order to associate among uploaded contents in various categories related to specific topics included in objective-video, in a cross-disciplinary way. Our system creates two types of “relationships of uploaded data”. One type is automatically generated according to similarities among the contents of uploaded data. The other relationship is created by experts once they are shown a list of uploaded content in other categories in response to a query. An important feature of this system is a data structure for expressing uploaded multimedia data, as knowledge-collection related to an objective-video and is called a “multi-dimensional knowledge model” (MDKM). Our proposed MDKM can determine the similarity or association between two sets of uploaded data by computing the relevance score between uploaded data in various dimensions that are their corresponding metadata, such as tag, color histograms, and harmony. By using this system, experts upload knowledge in categories related to the objective-video and accumulate their knowledge. Our system is applicable to E-learning systems, Internet video-sharing platforms, and participatory entertainment systems.
Defining Pancreatic Endocrine Precursors and Their Descendants (2007)

We have been able to accurately capture the gene expression profile of the pancreatic endocrine progenitors and their descendants. The list of temporally regulated genes identified in fetal endocrine precursors and their immediate descendants provides a novel and important resource for developmental biologists and diabetes researchers alike.
CMOS transformer-based uneven Doherty power amplifier for WLAN applications (2011)

This paper reports a fully integrated Doherty power amplifier in standard 90 nm CMOS technology for 2.4 GHz WLAN applications. An asymmetrical series combining transformer is used as the Doherty combiner to enhance the efficiency at power back-off. The two-stage uneven Doherty PA has 18 dB gain and produces 26.3 dBm saturated output power, with a peak power added efficiency (PAE) of 33% by using 2 V supply voltage. The PAE at 6 dB back-off is still as high as 25.1%. The PA is tested with 54 Mbps WLAN 802.11g signal and meets the stringent EVM and spectral mask requirements at 19.3 dBm average output power with a PAE of 22.9% with no need of predistortion. Then, an open loop digital predistortion is applied to further improve the linearity. The PA satisfies WLAN requirements at 20.2 dBm average output power with a PAE of 24.7% with predistortion.
Regulation of pathways downstream of mTOR by imatinib mesylate in CML cells (2006)

6595 Background: The differential regulation of signaling pathways downstream of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase are being defined in an effort to improve therapeutic strategies for patients with CML. We have previously shown that imatinib mesylate suppressed p70 S6 kinase activity, consistent with inhibition of BCR-ABL-mediated activation of the mTOR/p70 S6 kinase pathway. In this study we examined the effects of imatinib mesylate on other target proteins downstream of mTOR. Methods: BCR-ABL expressing cell lines (K562, KT1 and BV173) were treated with 1μM of imatinib mesylate for 30, 60 and 90 minutes, and then lysed in phosphorylation lysis buffer. Immunoblotting was done using standard enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) methods. In the experiments in which the pharmacologic inhibitor of mTOR, rapamycin was used, the cells were pretreated for 60 minutes with the inhibitor and subsequently treated with imatinib. Results: The translational repressor 4E-BP1 is constitutively phosphorylated in CML cells. In the presence of imatinib mesylate in concentrations as low as 1μM, the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 on threonine sites 37 and 46 is decreased. The phosphorylation of eIF-4G on serine site 1108 is also inhibited by imatinib mesylate treatment as early as 60 minutes. The combination of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and imatinib mesylate was more potent in suppressing phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 than imatinib alone, suggesting a mechanism for the enhancing effects of rapamycin on imatinib mesylate-dependent inhibition of growth of BCR-ABL cells. Conclusions: Our results further suggest the potential development of future clinical-translational studies utilizing rapamycin in combination with imatinib for the treatment of patients with CML. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effects of Attributes and Consciousness of Fattening Farms Households on Carcass Prices and Traits (2006)

本研究の目的は，アンケート調査を行い，肉牛飼養者の属性や意識の差異が農家ごとの枝肉価格と枝肉形質の最良線形不偏推定値（BLUE）に与える影響を調べることであった．アンケート調査は，安愚楽牧場と契約している農家を対象に行い，分析には肥育農家91戸のデータを用いた．最良線形不偏推定値（BLUE）の推定には，安愚楽牧場で2004年1月から2005年3月までに出荷された20,346頭の枝肉成績を用いた．農家ごとの枝肉価格と枝肉形質に関するBLUE値を目的変数とし，農家の属性や意識を取り入れ最小2乗分散分析を行った．分析の結果，経済性と生きがいをともに重視している農家の方が良質の枝肉を生産していることが明らかとなった．さらに，枝肉単価と飼養規模の間には2次曲線の関係があり，規模が大きくなるにつれ，枝肉単価は逓減し，932頭を境に増加していくことが明らかとなった．
Trade-Off Between Triadimefon Sensitivity and Pathogenicity in a Selfed Sexual Population of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici (2019)

Stripe rust, caused by <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> (<i>Pst</i>), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat and has been largely managed using demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide triadimefon in China. To determine the sensitivity of <i>Pst</i>, a Chinese <i>Pst</i> isolate and its sexually produced progeny isolates were tested with triadimefon using the detached leaf method. The half maximal effective concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) values varied greatly among the progeny isolates, ranging from 0.06 mg L<sup>-1</sup> to 7.89 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. Twenty-six of the 56 tested progeny isolates were less sensitive to triadimefon than the parental isolate. A single-nucleotide mutation at the 401 position resulting in an amino acid change from tyrosine (Y) to phenylalanine (F) in the 134th codon (Y134F) of the cytochrome P450 sterol 14a-demethylase enzyme (<i>CYP51</i>), the target gene of DMI fungicide, was identified in the parental isolate. The 87 tested progeny isolates segregated into 19 homozygous wild type (AA), 40 heterozygous (AT), and 28 homozygous mutant (TT) genotypes, fitting a 1:2:1 ratio (χ<sup>2</sup> = 2.43; <i>P</i> = 0.30). The mutant isolates had higher EC<sub>50</sub> values than the wild type isolates. Significant differences in logEC<sub>50</sub> were found between the mutant isolates and the wild type isolates (<i>P</i> = 2.2e<sup>-16</sup>). However, homozygous and heterozygous mutant isolates were not significantly different (<i>P</i> = 0.21), indicating dominant mutation. Twenty-two progeny isolates were used to inoculate a susceptible wheat variety, and latency period and lesion growth were recorded to compare wild type and mutant isolates for the pathogenicity fitness components. A moderate but significant negative correlation was detected between lesion growth and sensitivity to triadimefon (<i>r</i> = -0.53; <i>P</i> = 0.01). No significant variation in lesion growth was found between homozygous and heterozygous mutant isolates (<i>P</i> = 0.83). In the case of latency period and triadimefon sensitivity, no significant correlation was found (<i>P</i> = 0.17). These results are useful for understanding reduced sensitivity in the pathogen population and improving stripe rust management.
COVID19: A Systematic Approach to Early Identification and Healthcare Worker Protection (2020)

The COVID-19 outbreak and spread rapidly throughout globally with worldwide infections and deaths continuing to increase dramatically. To control disease spread and protect healthcare workers, accurate information is necessary. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for studies published from December 2019 to March 31, 2020 with terms “COVID-19”, “2019-nCoV”, “SARS-CoV-2” or “Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia”. The main symptoms of COVID-19 are fever (83-98.6%), cough (59.4-82%), and fatigue (38.1-69.6%). However only 43.8% of patients have fever early in the disease course, despite still being infectious. These patients may present to clinics lacking proper precautions, leading to nosocomial transmission and infection of workers. Potential COVID-19 cases must be identified early to initiate proper triage and distinguish them quickly from similar infections. Early identification, accurate triage, and standardized personal protection protocols can reduce the risk of cross infection. Containing disease spread will require protecting healthcare workers.
Ambient PM particles reach mouse brain, generate ultrastructural hallmarks of neuroinflammation, and stimulate amyloid deposition, tangles, and plaque formation (2020)

Mice were exposed to ambient PM particles 8 h per day, 6 days per week, for twenty-four weeks in enrichment chambers, with real-time mass concentration of PM2.5 around 70 µg/m3, and the number of PM0.1 about 10,000-20,000/m3. The component analysis of PM particles by inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometer detected low concentrations of species associated with crustal materials, metalloid, transition metals, and heavy metals originating from industrial emission. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detected 22 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons originating from traffic exhausts. We found that PM particles from dirty air entered mouse brain which were visualized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and were counted by femtosecond pulsed laser illumination microscopy. FE-SEM of brain tissues from dirty air (n=8), and filtered air (control) (n=8) revealed ultrastructural hallmarks of neuroinflammation, enlarged perivascular space, and the attachment of inflammatory cells to the endothelium of blood vessels in brain. Exposure to dirty air containing ambient PM particles resulted in amyloid deposits and formation of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging enabled label-free elucidation of the spatial distribution of metabolites and lipids in brain tissue samples without any pretreatment. Ceramide Cer(t18:0/34:0(34OH)), m/z 822.54, and sulfatides, ST18:0, m/z 806.54; ST(d18:1/h22:0), m/z 878.60; ST(24:1), m/z 888.62, and ST(d18:1/h24:0), m/z 906.62 showed upregulation with significant differences in brain tissue from mice exposed to dirty air as compared to filtered air (control). The upregulation of ceramide resulted in formation of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques. Moreover, upregulation of sulfatides might enhance the leakiness of the blood brain barrier by weakening myelin sheaths. Although limited by sample number, our results strongly suggest that prolonged exposure to dirty air contributes to the observed increase in the incidence of cognitive decline and dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease.