gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HUMAN IL-10-TRANSDUCED FETAL LIVER STEM CELLS PROLONG MOUSE HEART ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL (2004)

P1175 Introduction: Interleukin (IL)-10, secreted by macrophages and Th2 cells, regulates immune responses, acting as a suppressive cytokine, and inhibits the synthesis of Th1 cell cytokines such as IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ. It also strongly down-regulates MHC class II on antigen-presenting cells (APC). In contrast, long-term tolerance is well corrrelated with the persistence of peripheral microchimerism. We studied the synergistic effect of IL-10 and haematopoietic microchimerism for the induction of long-term tolerance to heart allotransplants. Methods: Irradiated (4.5 Gy) Balb/c mice (H-2d) were used as heart recipients and C57 BL/6 (H-2b) mice were used as donors of fetal liver stem cells (FLSC) and hearts. Recipients (H-2d) were transplanted in the abdominal cavity with the allogeneic hearts and transfused with 107 of human IL-10 (hIL-10) gene-transduced FLSC (H-2b). The level of human IL-10 was measured by ELISA in the serum of transplanted mice. Microchimerism was checked by fluorescent flow cytometry (FACS) using the following fluorescence conjugated antibodies : H-2b, H2-d, CD34, CD38, CD45 and hIL-10. RT-PCR was performed on several organs and sera of recipients to check for the presence of the hIL-10 gene. Finally, graft survival was evaluated by daily abdominal palpation and laparotomia. Results: The level of hIL-10 was elevated day by day in the serum of engrafted mice. It reached peaks at days 7 (750 pg/mL) and 13 (900 pg/mL) after transfusion. We confirmed peripheral microchimerism by the presence of donor (H2-b) cells in the hIL10-transduced FLSC group; the percentage of donor CD45+cells was not high but persisted for more than 4 weeks. A clear band of hIL-10 mRNA was found by RT-PCR in grafted hearts. Finally, significant prolongation of the allogeneic heart graft was observed in the group of mice transfused with hIL-10 gene-transduced FLSC (50.5 ± 13.3 days) compared with the irradiated control group (19.5 ± 3.7 days) and with the non-transduced FLSC group (27.4 ± 4.0 days)(p < 0.005). Conclusion: Our data demonstrated the prolongation of survival of allogeneic hearts. This effect was nearly twice as high in the group that received hIL-10-transduced FLSC than in the group transfused with natural FLSC only. hIL-10 may react directly on the cytotoxic T lymphocytes of the recipient by suppressing the Th1 response and/or inhibiting APC function; it may also induce better microchimerism by protecting the allogeneic FLSC from being rejected.
Anomaly-based Intrusion Detection in Industrial Data with SVM and Random Forests (2019)

Attacks on industrial enterprises are increasing in number as well as in effect. Since the introduction of industrial control systems in the 1970' s, industrial networks have been the target of malicious actors. More recently, the political and warfare-aspects of attacks on industrial and critical infrastructure are becoming more relevant. In contrast to classic home and office IT systems, industrial IT, so-called OT systems, have an effect on the physical world. Furthermore, industrial devices have long operation times, sometimes several decades. Updates and fixes are tedious and often not possible. The threats on industry with the legacy requirements of industrial environments creates the need for efficient intrusion detection that can be integrated into existing systems. In this work, the network data containing industrial operation is analysed with machine learning- and time series-based anomaly detection algorithms in order to discover the attacks introduced to the data. Two different data sets are used, one Modbus-based gas pipeline control traffic and one OPC UA-based batch processing traffic. In order to detect attacks, two machine learning-based algorithms are used, namely SVM and Random Forest. Both perform well, with Random Forest slightly outperforming SVM. Furthermore, extracting and selecting features as well as handling missing data is addressed in this work.
Practical Measures to Control Device-Related Bacterial Infections (1993)

Direct examination of medical devices that have been foci of chronic device-related bacterial infections has shown that the causative organisms grow predominantly in slime-enclosed biofilms. These adherent biofilms are inherently resistant to host defences (antibodies, phagocytes) and to conventional antibiotic therapy. Device-related infections can be prevented by careful cleaning and sterilization of the device, and by the avoidance of any manipulations that would allow the formation of even the most rudimentary biofilm prior to implantation. Once a device-related infection has become established, both the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Biofilm Eliminating Concentration (BEC) of the causative organism must be determined and therapeutic strategy must aim at the use of the MIC to control the acute phase caused by planktonic bacteria and of the BEC to eliminate the biofilm nidus of infection. The removal of the colonized device should be considered early in the course of treatment if the BEC cannot be delivered to the colonized device. We describe a new bioelectric technology presently in the in vitro stage of development which, if it can be reproduced in vivo, will be very effective in the prevention and control of device-related bacterial infections.
OpenCache (2012)

Watching 'on-demand' video content is a popular activity facilitated by the Internet. Existing distribution methods typically rely on unicast flows to deliver this media. This can be inefficient if identical content is delivered at a later point in time. We propose a caching platform to store content locally whilst maintaining the underlying delivery method. This paper introduces OpenCache, a prototype network-aware caching platform that utilises emerging OpenFlow technology.
Expression in Bacillus subtilis of the Bacillus thuringiensis cryIIIA toxin gene is not dependent on a sporulation-specific sigma factor and is increased in a spo0A mutant (1994)

Expression of the Bacillus thuringiensis cryIIIA gene encoding a Coleoptera-specific toxin is weak during vegetative growth and is activated at the onset of the stationary phase. cryIIIA'-'lacZ fusions and primer extension analysis show that the regulation of cryIIIA expression is similar in Bacillus subtilis and in B. thuringiensis. Activation of cryIIIA expression was not altered in B. subtilis mutant strains deficient for the sigma H and sigma E sporulation-specific sigma factors or for minor sigma factors such as sigma B, sigma D, or sigma L. This result and the nucleotide sequence of the -35 and -10 regions of the cryIIIA promoter suggest that cryIIIA expression might be directed by the E sigma A form of RNA polymerase. Expression of the cryIIIA'-'lacZ fusion is shut off after t2 (2 h after time zero) of sporulation in the B. subtilis wild-type strain grown on nutrient broth sporulation medium. However, no decrease in cryIIIA-directed beta-galactosidase activity occurred in sigma H, kinA, or spo0A mutant strains. Moreover, beta-galactosidase activity was higher and remained elevated after t2 in the spo0A mutant strain. beta-Galactosidase activity was weak in abrB and spo0A abrB mutant strains, suggesting that AbrB is responsible for the higher level of cryIIIA expression observed in a spo0A mutant. However, both in spo0A and spo0A abrB mutant strains, beta-galactosidase activity remained elevated after t2, suggesting that even in the absence of AbrB, cryIIIA expression is controlled through modulation of the phosphorylated form of Spo0A. When the cryIIIA gene is expressed in a B. subtilis spo0A mutant strain or in the 168 wild-type strain, large amounts of toxins are produced and accumulate to form a flat rectangular crystal characteristic of the coleopteran-specific B. thuringiensis strains.
Intérêt actuel de l'étude des poisons de flèches : synthèse des connaissances (2006)

peer reviewed
CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein α Binds to the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) ZTA Protein through Oligomeric Interactions and Contributes to Cooperative Transcriptional Activation of the ZTA Promoter through Direct Binding to the ZII and ZIIIB Motifs during Induction of the EBV Lytic Cycle (2004)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded ZTA protein interacts strongly with and stabilizes the cellular CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha), leading to the induction of p21-mediated G(1) cell cycle arrest. Despite the strong interaction between these two basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family proteins, the ZTA and C/EBPalpha subunits do not heterodimerize, as indicated by an in vitro cross-linking assay with in vitro-cotranslated (35)S-labeled C/EBPalpha and (35)S-labeled ZTA protein. Instead, they evidently form a higher-order oligomeric complex that competes with C/EBPalpha binding but not with ZTA binding in electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). Glutathione S-transferase affinity assays with mutant ZTA proteins revealed that the basic DNA binding domain and the key leucine zipper residues required for homodimerization are all required for the interaction with C/EBPalpha. ZTA is known to bind to two ZRE sites within the ZTA promoter and to positively autoregulate its own expression in transient cotransfection assays, but there is conflicting evidence about whether it does so in vivo. Examination of the proximal ZTA upstream promoter region by in vitro EMSA analysis revealed two high-affinity C/EBP binding sites (C-2 and C-3), which overlap the ZII and ZIIIB motifs, implicated as playing a key role in lytic cycle induction. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the in vivo binding of both endogenous C/EBPalpha and ZTA protein to the ZTA promoter after lytic cycle induction but not during the latent state in EBV-infected Akata cells. Reporter assays revealed that cotransfected C/EBPalpha activated the ZTA promoter even more effectively than cotransfected ZTA. However, synergistic activation of the ZTA promoter was not observed when ZTA and C/EBPalpha were cotransfected together in either HeLa or DG75 cells. Mutagenesis of either the ZII or the ZIIIB sites in the ZTA promoter strongly reduced C/EBPalpha transactivation, suggesting that these sites act cooperatively. Furthermore, the introduction of exogenous C/EBPalpha into EBV-infected HeLa-BX1 cells induced endogenous ZTA mRNA and protein expression, as demonstrated by both reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting assays. Finally, double-label immunofluorescence assays suggested that EAD protein expression was activated even better than ZTA expression in latently infected C/EBPalpha-transfected Akata cells, perhaps because of the presence of a strong B-cell-specific repressed chromatin conformation on the ZTA promoter itself during EBV latency.
[Coronary thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: time dependence of beneficial effects assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography]. (1986)

To elucidate the effects of coronary thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction, we observed serially the degree of left ventricular (LV) wall motion immediately after on day 1, and on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after thrombolytic therapy, in 22 patients with acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction. Base-line coronary arteriography revealed significant lesions in the proximal portions of the left anterior descending artery of all the patients. The patients were categorized according to results of thrombolytic therapy as Group I-a: seven patients with spontaneous or successful recanalization within three hours of onset of chest pain; Group I-b: nine patients with successful recanalization between three and seven hours, with a mean of 4.8 hours from onset; and Group II: six patients in whom thrombolytic therapy was unsuccessful and infarct-related vessels remained totally occluded. The LV wall motion index (WMI) was defined as the sum of point scores for the degrees of regional wall motion at nine segments on serial two-dimensional echocardiograms, and used for quantitative assessments of LV function. Results were as follows: On day 1, immediately after thrombolytic therapy, the WMI of Group I-a was smaller than that of Group II. However, there was no significant difference between Groups I-a and I-b and between Groups I-b and II. These findings suggest that LV function cannot be recovered immediately after recanalization of occluded arteries unless recanalization occurs exceptionally early. Percent improvement of the WMI from days 1 to 28 in Group I-a, 65 +/- 14%, was significantly greater than that in Group I-b, 31 +/- 18%. However, Group II did not show significant improvement in the WMI. The WMI in Group I-a decreased significantly from days 1 to 7 (9.0 +/- 1.6 vs 7.1 +/- 1.8, p less than 0.05); whereas, the WMI in Group I-b showed no significant decrease until day 21. On day 1, the regional wall motion of the antero-apical wall was akinetic or dyskinetic in all patients studied. On day 28, it improved in six of seven patients in Group I-a, while it remained akinetic or dyskinetic in all patients in Groups I-b and II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Protease Inhibitors from a Water Bloom of the Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (2009)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the polar extract of a Microcystis aeruginosa water bloom biomass yielded 10 micropeptins and one anabaenopeptin. Eight of the micropeptins, micropeptins HU1069 (1), HU989 (2), HU1021 (3), HU1041 (4), HU975 (5), HU895A (6), HU909 (7), and HU895B (8), are new, while two, micropeptins 478-A (10) and 478-B (11), were previously isolated from a bloom of M. aeruginosa from Japan. The new anabaenopeptin HU892 (9) belongs to the relatively rare subgroup, presenting an aliphatic amino acid at the carboxylic end of the peptide and N-methylhomoaromatic amino acid at the second position. The structures of the compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR techniques and mass spectrometric data. The isolated micropeptins inhibited trypsin with IC(50)'s that varied between 0.7 and 5.2 microM and unexpectedly inhibited chymotrypsin with IC(50)'s that varied between 2.8 and 72.0 microM. The SAR of these micropeptins is discussed.
Developmental aspects of NMDA receptor agonists and antagonists in the central nervous system. (1994)

Electrophysiologic responses to the glutamate agonist analogue N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) are enhanced in the developing nervous system compared to responses in the adult. Neurotoxicity mediated by comparable amounts of NMDA and its endogenous analogue quinolinate is more than 50 times greater in the 7-day-old rat brain than in the adult. NMDA antagonist drugs reduce this neurotoxicity with the same spectrum of activity with which they prevent injury from hypoxic-ischemic damage. The greater vulnerability of the immature brain to NMDA mediated injury is probably related to the enhanced role that NMDA mechanisms play in long-term potentiation and activity-dependent plasticity during development.
Swelling and Diffusion Characteristics of Stimuli-Responsive N-Isopropylacrylamide and κ-Carrageenan Semi-IPN Hydrogels (2011)

Abstract Semi-IPN formation has been achieved in a system comprising N-isopropylacrylamide and κ-carrageenan by an electron beam irradiation technique. The conditions for obtaining mechanically stable gels have been optimized. The gels were characterized by DSC, SEM, and FTIR techniques. Dynamic swelling measurements were carried out under different pH and temperature conditions. The results revealed the structure, pH, and temperature-dependent swelling behavior of the gels. The % swelling (S) of the hydrogels at various pH followed the order 9.0 < 1.2 <4.0 < 7.0. Also, the gels exhibited temperature dependence, with swelling being highest around 30°C. The “n” values for these hydrogels were in the range 0.31–0.79, indicating that the mechanism of water transport changes from Fickian to anomalous diffusion, with change in the network structure of the gel matrix. Keywords: diffusionelectron beam irradiationinterpenetrating networksstimuli sensitive hydrogelsswelling Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge financial support (Sanction No: 2004/34/28/BRNS) provided by the Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS) and Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of India, for carrying out the present work.
Virulence of Rhizoctonia oryzae on Wheat and Barley Cultivars from the Pacific Northwest (2003)

Rhizoctonia oryzae (teleomorph = Waitea circinata) causes sheath spot of rice and root rot of wheat and barley. R. oryzae commonly is isolated from barley, wheat, and pea plants in eastern Washington and Idaho. Eight representative isolates were tested for virulence on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Baronesse), soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Madsen), and hard red spring wheat (cv. Scarlet) planted in natural soil in the greenhouse and maintained at 16°C. All isolates caused significant reduction of emergence in barley, but only seven of the eight isolates and one of the eight isolates reduced emergence of winter wheat and spring wheat, respectively. All isolates caused significant stunting and reduction in the number of seminal roots, root length, and number of root tips on wheat and barley. Some isolates also reduced the frequency of fine secondary roots, resulting in a reduction of the average root diameter. Spring barley was more susceptible to R. oryzae than winter or spring wheat. The main effects of both cultivar and isolate were significant, and there was a significant isolate-cultivar interaction. R. oryzae isolate 80042 was the most virulent on barley, whereas R. oryzae isolate 801387 was the most virulent on wheat. The two isolates from pea were intermediate in virulence on wheat and barley. When screening germ plasm for potential resistance, isolates exhibiting the maximum virulence for each host should be used.
Relative Pose Consistency for Semi-Supervised Head Pose Estimation (2021)

Human head pose estimation from images plays a vital role in applications like driver assistance systems and human behavior analysis. Head pose estimation networks are typically trained in a supervised manner. Unfortunately, manual/sensor-based annotations of head poses are prone to errors. A solution is supervised training on synthetic training data generated from 3D face models which can provide an infinite amount of perfect labels. However, computer generated face images only provide an approximation of real-world images which results in a domain gap between training and application domain. To date, domain adaptation is rarely addressed in current work on head pose estimation. In this work we propose relative pose consistency, a semi-supervised learning strategy for head pose estimation based on consistency regularization. It allows simultaneous learning on labeled synthetic data and unlabeled real-world data to overcome the domain gap, while keeping the advantages of synthetic data. Consistency regularization enforces consistent network predictions under random image augmentations. We address pose-preserving and pose-altering augmentations. Naturally, pose-altering augmentations cannot be used on unlabeled data. We therefore propose a strategy to exploit the relative pose introduced by pose-altering augmentations between augmented image pairs. This allows the network to benefit from relative pose labels during training on the unlabeled, real-world images. We evaluate our approach on a widely used benchmark (Biwi Kinect Head Pose) and outperform domain-adaptation SOTA. We are the first to present a consistency regularization framework for head pose estimation. Our experiments show that our approach improves head pose estimation accuracy for real-world images despite using only labels from synthetic images.
Description of the entire mRNA population by a 3′ end cDNA fragment generated by class IIS restriction enzymes (1995)

A novel means of recording the expression status of the total gene population is described. Digestion of cDNA by class IIS restriction enzymes produces a fragment with a poly (A) stretch and a 5' overhang with an unknown sequence. This fragment contains information such as the class IIS enzyme that cuts cDNA nearest to the poly (A) stretch, the sequence of the 5' overhang, and the size of the fragment. Expressed genes can be discriminated and displayed by the fragment as follows: (i) cut the cDNA with one class IIS restriction enzyme; (ii) ligate the digested cDNA to that from a pool of 64 biotinylated adaptors cohesive to all possible overhangs; (iii) digest by other two class IIS enzymes; (iv) recover the ligated molecules with streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads; (v) perform PCR with the adaptor-primer and an anchored oligo-dT primer; (vi) separate the amplified fragments by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Repeat the experiment with 64 adaptors, three enzymes and three anchored oligo-dT primers displays most of the expressed genes. Because redundancy is minimized, this technique is also ideal for generating tags for expressed genes, with which to construct a transcript map of the genome.
Entrustability Meets Surgical Process Modeling: Case-Specific Prediction of Operative Autonomy (2022)

INTRODUCTION: Surgical education is evolving towards a competency-based paradigm, relying on measuring resident entrustability. Entrusting a trainee to perform a procedure independently can be a difficult judgment task, requiring predicting the various paths how an operation can play out in the OR, and estimating a trainee’s current skill level across those potential paths. This task can benefit from a decision aid, incorporating surgical process modeling to map the complexity of performing procedures, and learning curve modeling to quantify operative autonomy across trainees. METHODS: Teaching faculty completed autonomy-based operative performance evaluations via a HIPAA-compliant, web-based education management platform synchronized with operative schedules, across three general surgery residency programs from February 2017 to February 2022. These evaluations were used to construct Bayesian learning curves for each resident for various procedures, including appendectomy, cholecystectomy, colectomy, and inguinal hernia repair. Procedure approach and operative technique variants were modeled using surgical process modeling based on Markov decision processes, adaptive to the case type, surgical team, and likelihood of conversion. RESULTS: Two thousand twenty-five operative learning curves were created from 6,064 operative performance evaluations by 111 faculty members for 221 general surgery residents. These learning curves enabled an entrustability decision aid applied on 19,159 resident cases during the study period (Figure).FigureCONCLUSION: Competency-based standards in surgical education rely on entrustable professional activities (EPAs). Characterizing resident entrustability for the operative phase of an EPA is essential but difficult to determine preoperatively with confidence. Decision models allow for personalization and optimization of each resident’s pathway towards surgical competency.
Rapid High-Throughput Methylation Analysis Using the LightCycler ® 480 System (2008)

Udgivelsesdato: 2008
Characterization of the bone-tendon junction for tissue engineering (2016)

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