gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Machine-Learning Ocean Dynamics from Lagrangian Drifter Trajectories (2019)

Lagrangian ocean drifters provide highly accurate approximations of ocean surface currents but are sparsely located across the globe. As drifters passively follow ocean currents, there is minimal control on where they will be making measurements, providing limited temporal coverage for a given region. Complementary Eulerian velocity data is available with global coverage, but is itself limited by the spatial and temporal resolution possible with satellite altimetry measurements. Additionally, altimetry measurements approximate geostrophic components of ocean currents but neglect smaller sub-mesoscale motions and require smoothing and interpolation from raw satellite track measurements. In an effort to harness the rich dynamics available in ocean drifter datasets, we have trained a recurrent neural network on the time history of drifter motion to minimize the error in a reduced-order Maxey-Riley drifter model. This approach relies on a slow-manifold approximation to determine the most mathematically-relevant variables with which to train, subsequently improving the temporal and spatial resolution of the underlying velocity field. By adding this neural network component, we also correct drifter trajectories near sub-mesoscale features missed by deterministic models using only satellite and wind reanalysis data. The effect of varying similarity between training and testing trajectory datasets for the blended model was evaluated, as was the effect of seasonality in the Gulf of Mexico.
An integrated flywheel energy storage system with homopolar inductor motor/generator and high-frequency drive (2003)

The design, construction, and test of an integrated flywheel energy storage system with a homopolar inductor motor/generator and high-frequency drive is presented in this paper. The work is presented as an integrated design of flywheel system, motor, drive, and controller. The motor design features low rotor losses, a slotless stator, construction from robust and low cost materials, and a rotor that also serves as the energy storage rotor for the flywheel system. A high-frequency six-step drive scheme is used in place of pulsewidth modulation because of the high electrical frequencies. A speed-sensorless controller that works without state estimation is also described. A prototype of the flywheel system has been demonstrated at a power level of 9.4 kW, with an average system efficiency of 83% over a 30000-60000 r/min speed range.
Lateral Meristems (2009)

Abstract Radial growth of plants is the result of activity of the lateral meristems. These meristems, known as the vascular and cork cambiums, are active in areas of the plant where primary growth has ceased and are therefore referred to as secondary meristems. The lateral meristems encircle the body of the plant. They are distinguished from apical meristems, which form the primary body of the plant, in several ways, but most noticeably in the proximity of the lateral meristem to the tissues that they produce. A proper understanding of lateral meristems may be considered as a problem of two parts: (1) how are cell divisions in the meristem regulated and (2) what controls the differentiation of new cells into specialized cell types. Key Concepts: Lateral meristems are referred to as the vascular cambium and cork cambium. Cell divisions in lateral meristems are responsible for increases in plant girth. Ordered cell divisions along vascular initials are required for organization of lateral meristems. Plant growth regulators like auxin, cytokinin and ethylene increase cambial activity.
The influence of positioning tables on the results of radiated EMC measurements (2002)

Radiated electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests usually apply a positioning table in the test zone of the EMC facility. The equipment under test (EUT) is positioned on this table as prescribed by EMC standards. The EMC standards implicitly assume that the influence of the table is negligible as long as such a table complies with the qualitative specification in the standard. In view of the work associated with the uncertainties of EMC standards, the influence of the positioning tables is investigated for both radiated emission and immunity testing. Measurement results and simple simulations demonstrate that the impact of a 'nonconductive table' may be significant. Requirements for positioning tables should therefore be incorporated in emission and immunity standards.
Serological survey of peste des petits ruminants in North West Mali (2007)

In July 2005 a survey was carried out to estimate the seroprevalence against peste des petites ruminants (PPR) in North West Mali (Koulikoro region, Nara 'cercle' that borders with Mauritania). Eight villages were randomly selected among all the villages in the 'cercle' and within each village a convenient sample of 20 sheep and 20 goats was selected from the 'village flock'. Sex and estimated age were recorded for each animal. Out of 310 valid samples 120 (37%) had detectable antibodies against PPR. The within flock prevalence ranged between 8% and 82%. Overall, 44% of goats and 34% of sheep were seropositive. The seroprevalence increased with the age: 16% among 1 year old animals, 20% in the 2 year group and 40% in the 3 year and more than 3 year groups. These results, obtained in a non-vaccinated population, demonstrate the recent and intense circulation of PPRV among small ruminants in the area and point at PPR as one of the health constrains in this production system. (Texte intégral)
Static pressure sensitivity amplification in interferometric fiber-optic hydrophones (1980)

The induced optical phase change produced when a static pressure is applied to the test arm of an interferometric single-mode fiber optic hydrophone is examined in terms of hydrostatic and radial mechanical models. The expressions for the models are given in terms of a 3-D solution to the equations of elastostatics for multilayered cylinders. The induced phase change is calculated using both models for various values of the diameter and elastic properties of fiber jacket materials. It is shown that the phase change predicted from the 3-D approach for each model can be adequately described in terms of much simpler 2-D plane strain models. Calculations show that the hydrophone sensitivity of a jacketed fiber is amplified compared with a bare fiber. The largest increase in sensitivity is predicted with the radial model. Calculated sensitivities for the hydrostatic model are shown to correspond closely in value with static pressure sensitivity measurements for the experimental arrangement used here.
Serum Certolizumab Pegol Levels and Antibodies to Certolizumab Pegol Are Associated With C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients With Crohn’s Disease (2014)

Introduction: Certolizumab pegol (CZP) is a pegylated monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) and an effective treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD). Like other anti-TNF, patients can develop antibodies to CZP (ATC). The relationship between inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and ATC has not been fully described previously. The aim of the study was to study the effects of CZP and ATC levels on CRP levels. Methods: Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CD on maintenance therapy with CZP were included. The dose and dosing interval varied between patients (200 mg vs. 400 mg; every 2 weeks vs. every 4 weeks), and blood draws were taken a median of 14 days after dose (IQR: 7.25-25 days). To control for this variation in dosing and sampling, patients on 400 mg every 4 weeks were selected for further analysis. Using this patient subset, a simple multivariate regression model was built using log CRP as the response variable. Predictive variables were demographics, disease phenotype, the number of days between dose and blood draw, CZP and ATC levels (both measured using a validated non-radiolabeled homogeneous mobility shift assay by Prometheus Laboratories, San Diego, CA). The primary outcome was CRP levels in mg/L. Results: Forty-one patients were included. The baseline characteristics of the study population are shown in Table 1. Nineteen (46%) had ATC, whereas 39 (95%) had detectable CZP. Regression model analysis was performed. The model was a good fit to the data (R2=0.74; p=0.011). Controlling for the variation in time between CZP dosing and blood draw, CZP was negatively associated with CRP (partial correlation coefficient=-0.792; p=0.047), and ATC was positively associated with CRP (partial correlation coefficient=0.551; p=0.014).Table 1: Baseline Characteristics of the Study PopulationConclusion: This study confirms the negative relationship between serum drug levels and CRP levels. We also found a positive relationship between serum ATC levels and CRP, a novel result in contrast to previous findings. Patients receiving CZP may benefit of therapeutic drug monitoring in order to optimize treatment and ultimately, improve outcomes. Disclosure - Drs Hauenstein, Lockton, Jain and Singh are employees of Prometheus laboratories. Dr. Abreu - Consulting: AbbVie Laboratories, Prometheus Labs, Sanofi Aventis, Takeda, UCB, Pfizer, Janssen. This research was supported by an industry grant from Prometheus Laboratories.
Potato extract inhibits lipase activity and ameliorates gut microbiome dysbiosis and weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet (2021)

Abstract Curtailing the absorption of triglycerides (TGs) is a preferred pathway for treating obesity. Our previous study demonstrated that the water-soluble fraction from potato could inhibit the lipase activity of patatin, one of the major proteins in potato. This aqueous fraction was purified and concentrated by deproteination and reversed-phase chromatography to investigate the effectiveness against obesity. Biochemical analyses indicated that the fraction non-competitively inhibited pancreatic lipase (PLase) with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 10.17 µg/mL, and was named as potato-derived lipase inhibitory fraction (PI). Animal studies on C57BL/6 mice showed that in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), PI treatment resulted in reductions in body weight gain, adipose fat deposition, and liver TGs, and ameliorated the gut microbiome dysbiosis caused by HFD feeding; meanwhile, orlistat, a well-known lipase inhibitor, diverged the gut microbiome profile in mice fed a HFD. High resolution electronspray ionization-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry identified gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and protocatechuic acid, which are known to have lipase inhibitory activities, in PI. However, these compounds could not reconstitute comparable specific inhibitory activity of PI inferring the existence of another inhibitory compound(s) to be identified in PI.
HISTOLOGY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY OF HUMAN SKIN (1955)

1. In the epidermis non-specific esterase activity outlines a strongly reactive band between the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum. In the epidermis of the palm, there is no such esterase-rich band. 2. The outer sheath of active hair follicles has strong enzyme activity. The degenerating hair bulb in catagen follicles is very strongly reactive, and clusters of cells around the hair club in quiescent follicles are rich in enzyme activity. 3. Strong enzyme activity is found in young sebaceous cells, while decaying sebaceous cells and newly formed sebum are unreactive. Old sebum, however, is very intensely reactive. 4. Only the "dark" cells of eccrine sweat glands show a reaction; the "clear" cells are negative. 5. The cells of axillary apocrine glands abound in enzyme.
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections: Improved Outcomes with Modern Care (2004)

The outcome of necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) remains unchanged despite advances in care. Reasons cited are changing patterns of causative factors, delays in diagnosis, and inadequate antibiotic coverage and surgical treatment. To document outcomes of NSTI after aggressive management and to identify risk factors of mortality and prolonged hospital stay, we reviewed all our patients with NSTI admitted from January 2000 to January 2002. Causative factors, comorbid conditions, site of NSTI, physiologic parameters, symptoms, diagnostic tests, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes were analyzed. Patients were treated aggressively with antibiotics, admission to ICU, and frequent surgical debridements. Of 46 patients identified, 28 (61%) were admitted in ICU, and eight (17%) died. The patients who died had higher admission white blood cell counts (46 +/- 22 vs 22 +/- 10 x 10(3)/mm3, P = 0.01), higher admission pain score (8 +/- 1 vs 5 +/- 3, P = 0.02), longer intervals from admission to antibiotic administration (16 +/- 20 vs 6 +/- 12 hours, P = 0.02), and fewer surgical debridements (2.6 +/- 1.1 vs 3.6 +/- 1.7, P = 0.04). No independent risk factors of mortality or ICU admission were identified. We concluded that severe local pain and a significantly elevated white blood cell count on admission should alert the physician to the presence of severe infection and prompt the initiation of expeditious aggressive treatment.
Experimenting on the cognitive walkthrough with users (2014)

This paper presents a case study aiming to investigate which variant of the Think-Aloud Protocol (i.e., the Concurrent Think-Aloud and the Retrospective Think-Aloud) better integrates with the Cognitive Walkthrough with Users. To this end we performed a case study that involved twelve users and one usability evaluator. Usability problems uncovered by each method were evaluated to help us understand the strengths and weaknesses of the studied usability testing methods. The results suggest that 1) the Cognitive Walkthrough with Users integrates equally well with both the Think-Aloud Protocol variants; 2) the Retrospective Think-Aloud find more usability problems and 3) the Concurrent Think-Aloud is slightly faster to perform and was more cost effective. However, this is only one case study, and further research is needed to verify if the results are actually statistically significant.
Error-correcting schemes with dynamic thresholds in nonvolatile memories (2011)

Predetermined fixed thresholds are commonly used in nonvolatile memories for reading binary sequences, but they usually result in significant asymmetric errors after a long duration, due to voltage or resistance drift. This motivates us to construct error-correcting schemes with dynamic reading thresholds, so that the asymmetric component of errors are minimized. In this paper, we discuss how to select dynamic reading thresholds without knowing cell level distributions, and present several error-correcting schemes. Analysis based on Gaussian noise models reveals that bit error probabilities can be significantly reduced by using dynamic thresholds instead of fixed thresholds, hence leading to a higher information rate.
Gain Properties of Type-II AlInN / ZnGeN2 Quantum Wells for Ultraviolet Laser Diodes (2019)

The material gain properties of type-II AlInN / ZnGeN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> QWs with different ZnGeN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer thicknesses are investigated through the self-consistent hp formalism. Our study shows ~6.2 times enhancement in material gain compared to the conventional structure and remarkable reductions in threshold current and carrier densities.
The Virtual Quantum Device (VQD): A tool for detailed emulation of quantum computers (2023)

We present the Virtual Quantum Device (VQD) platform, a system based on the QuEST quantum emulator. Through the use of VQDs, non-expert users can emulate specific quantum computers with detailed error models, bespoke gate sets and connectivities. The platform boasts an intuitive interface, powerful visualisation, and compatibility with high-performance computation for effective testing and optimisation of complex quantum algorithms or ideas across a range of quantum computing hardware. We create and explore five families of VQDs corresponding to trapped ions, nitrogen-vacancy-centres, neutral atom arrays, silicon quantum dot spins, and superconducting devices. Each is highly configurable through a set of tailored parameters. We showcase the key characteristics of each virtual device, providing practical examples of the tool's usefulness and highlighting each device's specific attributes. By offering user-friendly encapsulated descriptions of diverse quantum hardware, the VQD platform offers researchers the ability to rapidly explore algorithms and protocols in a realistic setting; meanwhile hardware experts can create their own VQDs to compare with their experiments.
Particle image velocimetry applied to extrusion-moulding process visualization (2006)

International audience
Refinement of Circulating Liquid of Overlay Bolus in Hyperthermia Using an 8MHz RF Capacitive Heating Device. (1999)

Tap water has conventionally been used as the overlay bolus circulation liquid in hyperthermia using an 8MHz radiofrequency (RF) capacitive heating device. Tap water absorbs RF thus decreasing the efficiency of deep heating. We used 0.5% NaCl as the circulation liquid to improve the efficiency of deep hyperthermia.In phantom experiments, the deep heating efficiency increased by 1.5 °C per 5 min using 0.5% NaCl and the increase of heating efficiency was about 40%. In clinical cases, 43 °C of the intraesophageal temperature was obtained by a lower output power of 180W.A higher deep-seated temperature can be obtained at an equal RF output using 0.5% NaCl for the overlay bolus circulation liquid.
Modeling Coalbed Methane Production With Binary Gas Sorption (1992)

Abstract A description of binary gas sorption on coal is developed and incorporated into a reservoir simulator for use in predicting primary and enhanced recovery of coalbed methane. The sorption of methane-nitrogen and methane-carbon dioxide mixtures was measured at 115°F and total pressures of 500, 1,000, and 1,500 psia. A moist Fruit-land coal sample from the San Juan Basin of Colorado was used. The results showed that each gas did not sorb independently, instead both gases were competing for the same sorption sites. An extended Langmuir isotherm provided a reasonable correlation of the data. A compositional reservoir simulator was modified using the extended Langmuir isotherm as the basis for the equilibrium relationship between the free and sorbed gas. The resulting formulation is functionally equivalent to a compositional representation using K-values expressed as a function of total pressure and the concentration of one component. The modified simulator was successfully tested for the cases of primary recovery of a single sorbing component and the enhanced recovery by nitrogen injection.
Production of pinnatoxins E, F and G by scrippsielloid dinoflagellates isolated from Franklin Harbour, South Australia (2011)

Abstract A pinnatoxin producing dinoflagellate was isolated in cyst form from sediments from Franklin Harbour, South Australia, December 2009. One isolate (CAWD180) produced pinnatoxin G, E, F and A (87, 10, 41 and 1.3 pg/cell respectively; liquid chromatograph–mass spectrometer, LC‐MS, analysis) and another (CAWD183) produced pinnatoxin G only (13 pg/cell). Australian strains were identical to pinnatoxin E and F producers isolated from Northland, New Zealand (2008), based on large subunit (LSU) rDNA and ITS spacer region sequence data. Cysts were capable of division and produced more toxin per cell than the excysted motile form. Crude extracts of mass cultures were tested for toxicity in mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, gavage and voluntary consumption, and toxicity ratios were 1.0:1.8:4.5 (CAWD180) and 1.0:2.9:7.8 (CAWD183). This is similar to the ratios for New Zealand isolates, but differs from other cyclic imines for which oral toxicity can be 10–1000‐fold less than i.p. administration.
Somatic Hypermutation in Muts Homologue (Msh)3-, Msh6-, and Msh3/Msh6-Deficient Mice Reveals a Role for the Msh2–Msh6 Heterodimer in Modulating the Base Substitution Pattern (2000)

Although the primary function of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system is to identify and correct base mismatches that have been erroneously introduced during DNA replication, recent studies have further implicated several MMR components in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes. We studied the immune response in mice deficient in MutS homologue (MSH)3 and MSH6, two mutually exclusive partners of MSH2 that have not been examined previously for their role in Ig hypermutation. In Msh6(-)/- and Msh3(-)/-/Msh6(-)/- mice, base substitutions are preferentially targeted to G and C nucleotides and to an RGYW hot spot, as has been shown previously in Msh2(-)/- mice. In contrast, Msh3(-)/- mice show no differences from their littermate controls. These findings indicate that the MSH2-MSH6 heterodimer, but not the MSH2-MSH3 complex, is responsible for modulating Ig hypermutation.
Novel techniques for performance optimisation of DECT receivers with non-linear front-end (2002)

Previously, we introduced, the concept of an advanced DECT-type receiver based on a hybrid combination of equalisation and diversity. Such a structure is capable of coping with most hostile microcell outdoor environments. This paper considers other possible solutions which attempt to achieve a similar performance level whilst allowing a completely nonlinear front-end. We first introduce an improved clock recovery technique applicable to standard DECT receivers. When using a differential phase detector, this technique can extend the maximum delay spread range to about 140-160 ns from 80-100 ns for a standard set-up with a discriminator receiver. In addition, a new diversity scheme based on emulation of a quality-based selection diversity in a single receiver is introduced. It is shown that the performance in dispersive channels is significantly improved with respect to RSSI schemes (up to 270 ns). Flat-fading gains of over 10 dB are also observed. Finally the combination of the two techniques introduced produces excellent performance (/spl ap/350 ns delay spread range) closely approximating an ideal CRC-driven selection diversity (speed independent), but using only a single receiver chain. This structure could be a strong candidate for practical implementation, particularly in handsets for DECT PCS applications.
Power Efficiency and Loss in Push-pull MOS-FET DC-to-RF Power Inverter for Plasma Generator (2016)

This paper describes the power efficiency and losses in push-pull MOS-FET arrays in an inverter for a plasma generator. The inverter consists of parallel connected MOS-FETs and the output power transformer. The power losses within the MOS-FET arrays and output power transformer are estimated based on their thermal resistances, which were obtained separately by measurements. The drain efficiency was thus obtained from the DC input power, RF output power, and estimated power losses. The output power of the MOS-FET arrays was 1kW, with a drain efficiency of 79% and at 13.56MHz, when the DC voltage was 48V.