gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of Water Resources and Desalination Technologies (2003)

Water shortages affect 88 developing countries that are home to half of the world's population. In these places, 80-90% of all diseases and 30% of all deaths result from poor water quality. Furthermore, over the next 25 years, the number of people affected by severe water shortages is expected to increase fourfold. Low cost methods to desalinate brackish water and sea water can help reverse this destabilizing trend. Desalination has now been practiced on a large scale for more than 50 years. During this time continual improvements have been made, and the major technologies are now remarkably efficient, reliable, and inexpensive. For many years, thermal technologies were the only viable option, and multi-stage flash (MSF) was established as the baseline technology. Multi-effect evaporation (MEE) is now the state-of-the-art thermal technology, but has not been widely implemented. With the growth of membrane science, reverse osmosis (RO) overtook MSF as the leading desalination technology, and should be considered the baseline technology. Presently, RO of seawater can be accomplished with an energy expenditure in the range of 11-60 kJ/kg at a cost of $2 to $4 per 1000 gallons. The theoretical minimum energy expenditure is 3-7 kJ/kg. Since RO is a fairly mature technology, further improvements are likely to be incremental in nature, unless design improvements allow major savings in capital costs. Therefore, the best hope to dramatically decrease desalination costs is to develop ''out of the box'' technologies. These ''out of the box'' approaches must offer a significant advantage over RO (or MEE, if waste heat is available) if they are to be viable. When making these comparisons, it is crucial that the specifics of the calculation are understood so that the comparison is made on a fair and equivalent basis.
Abstract 14051: Prognostic Value of Cardiac Iodine-123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine Imaging in Patients With Reduced and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Admitted for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (2016)

Background: Cardiac iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging has been shown to provide prognostic information in patients with heart failure. However, little is known about the difference in prognostic value of sympathetic nerve activity between the patients with heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) admitted for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Methods: We studied 153 consecutive patients admitted for ADHF and discharged with survival (age: 74±13 yrs, male: 56%, NYHA class at discharge: 2.0±0.8, left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF]: 46±15%). Cardiac MIBG imaging, echocardiography and venous blood sampling were performed just before discharge. The cardiac MIBG heart-to-mediastinum ratio (HMR) and washout rate (WR) were calculated from the chest anterior view images obtained at 20 and 200min after isotope injection. The endpoint was unplanned hospitalization for worsening heart failure (WHF). Results: There were 77 patients with HFrEF (LVEF Conclusions: Cardiac sympathetic nerve overactivity was associated with poor outcome both in HFrEF and HFpEF patients, although cardiac sympathetic nerve activity was higher in HFrEF patients than in HFpEF patients.
Federated Learning for Personalized Humor Recognition (2020)

Computational understanding of humor is an important topic under creative language understanding and modeling. It can play a key role in complex human-AI interactions. The challenge here is that human perception of humorous content is highly subjective. The same joke may receive different funniness ratings from different readers. This makes it highly challenging for humor recognition models to achieve personalization in practical scenarios. Existing approaches are generally designed based on the assumption that users have a consensus on whether a given text is humorous or not. Thus, they cannot handle diverse humor preferences well. In this paper, we propose the FedHumor approach for the recognition of humorous content in a personalized manner through Federated Learning (FL). Extending a pre-trained language model, FedHumor guides the fine-tuning process by considering diverse distributions of humor preferences from individuals. It incorporates a diversity adaptation strategy into the FL paradigm to train a personalized humor recognition model. To the best of our knowledge, FedHumor is the first text-based personalized humor recognition model through federated learning. Extensive experiments demonstrate the advantage of FedHumor in recognizing humorous texts compared to nine state-of-the-art humor recognition approaches with superior capability for handling the diversity in humor labels produced by users with diverse preferences.
Recombinant Baculovirus Influenza A Hemagglutinin Vaccines Are Well Tolerated and Immunogenic in Healthy Adults (1996)

In a prospective double-blind trial, the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of recombinant baculovirus influenza A vaccines containing purified full-length hemagglutinin (HA) were compared with standard trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV). The recombinant baculovirus influenza A vaccines (rHA0) were monovalent (containing 45 micrograms of A/Beijing/92[H3] and 15, 45, and 135 micrograms of A/Texas/91[H1]) and bivalent (containing 45 micrograms of both A/Beijing/92 and A/Texas/91). The bivalent rHA0 vaccine produced fewer local side effects than the TIV (50% vs. 88%, P = .003). The hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) responses (defined as a > or = 4 increase in HAI) to A/Beijing rHA0 in the monovalent A/Beijing/92, the bivalent vaccine, and the TIV were 68%, 76%, and 46%, respectively (P = .086). Increasing doses of A/Texas rHA0 (15 micrograms [60%], 45 micrograms [69%], and 135 micrograms [76%]) and bivalent HA (76%) gave better immunologic responses to H1 than did TIV (31%; P = .003).
A new nanocomposite forward osmosis membrane custom-designed for treating shale gas wastewater (2015)

Managing the wastewater discharged from oil and shale gas fields is a big challenge, because this kind of wastewater is normally polluted by high contents of both oils and salts. Conventional pressure-driven membranes experience little success for treating this wastewater because of either severe membrane fouling or incapability of desalination. In this study, we designed a new nanocomposite forward osmosis (FO) membrane for accomplishing simultaneous oil/water separation and desalination. This nanocomposite FO membrane is composed of an oil-repelling and salt-rejecting hydrogel selective layer on top of a graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets infused polymeric support layer. The hydrogel selective layer demonstrates strong underwater oleophobicity that leads to superior anti-fouling capability under various oil/water emulsions, and the infused GO in support layer can significantly mitigate internal concentration polarization (ICP) through reducing FO membrane structural parameter by as much as 20%. Compared with commercial FO membrane, this new FO membrane demonstrates more than three times higher water flux, higher removals for oil and salts (>99.9% for oil and >99.7% for multivalent ions) and significantly lower fouling tendency when investigated with simulated shale gas wastewater. These combined merits will endorse this new FO membrane with wide applications in treating highly saline and oily wastewaters.
Letters to the Editor (1969)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsSteve Andors
Specific and redundant functions of Gli2 and Gli3 zinc finger genes in skeletal patterning and development (1997)

The correct patterning of vertebrate skeletal elements is controlled by inductive interactions. Two vertebrate hedgehog proteins, Sonic hedgehog and Indian hedgehog, have been implicated in skeletal development. During somite differentiation and limb development, Sonic hedgehog functions as an inductive signal from the notochord, floor plate and zone of polarizing activity. Later in skeletogenesis, Indian hedgehog functions as a regulator of chondrogenesis during endochondral ossification. The vertebrate Gli zinc finger proteins are putative transcription factors that respond to Hedgehog signaling. In Drosophila, the Gli homolog cubitus interruptus is required for the activation of hedgehog targets and also functions as a repressor of hedgehog expression. We show here that Gli2 mutant mice exhibit severe skeletal abnormalities including cleft palate, tooth defects, absence of vertebral body and intervertebral discs, and shortened limbs and sternum. Interestingly, Gli2 and Gli3 (C.-c. Hui and A. L. Joyner (1993). Nature Genet. 3, 241-246) mutant mice exhibit different subsets of skeletal defects indicating that they implement specific functions in the development of the neural crest, somite and lateral plate mesoderm derivatives. Although Gli2 and Gli3 are not functionally equivalent, double mutant analysis indicates that, in addition to their specific roles, they also serve redundant functions during skeletal development. The role of Gli2 and Gli3 in Hedgehog signaling during skeletal development is discussed.
New alignment liquid crystal techniques for operation at harsh ambient conditions and high-intensity light (2009)

Liquid crystal alignment is a key process in the production of modern display devices and other liquid crystal based optical elements. The traditional alignment procedures, dealing with treatment of organic films (rubbing, photopolymerization, ion beam treatment, etc), do not satisfy the increasing demands of modern technology. Because of the presence of a degradable polymer layer, none of these methods provides stability of the liquid crystal orientation for operation in high intensity visible, UV or infrared light. This problem can be solved using anisotropically treated inorganic thin films. The alignment is very sensitive; both polar and azimuthal anchoring energy parameters can be controlled by either conditions of the treatment process or the history of the inorganic film formation. The non-organic nature of the substrates provides non-degrading stability of the liquid crystals alignment while operating in high intensity visible, UV or infrared light. We demonstrate and discuss the use of this technology in many light modulating devices, including high intensity light phase retarders and displays operating at harsh ambient conditions.
Comparison of the esterase activities of trypsin, plasmin, and thrombin on guanidinobenzoate esters. Titration of the enzymes (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of the esterase activities of trypsin, plasmin, and thrombin on guanidinobenzoate esters. Titration of the enzymesTheodore Chase, Jr. and Elliott ShawCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 5, 2212–2224Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00833a063https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00833a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views440Altmetric-Citations329LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Secure distribution of events in content-based publish subscribe systems (2001)

Content-based publish-subscribe systems are an emerging paradigm for building a range of distributed applications. A specific problem in content-based systems is the secure distribution of events to clients subscribing to those events. In content-based systems, every event can potentially have a different set of interested subscribers. To provide confidentiality guarantee, we would like to encrypt messages so that only interested subscribers can read the message. In the worst case, for n clients, there can be 2n subgroups, and each event can go to a potentially different subgroup. A major problem is managing subgroup keys so that the number of encryptions required per event can be kept low. We first show the difficulties in applying existing group key management techniques to addressing the problem. We then propose and compare a number of approaches to reduce the number of encryptions and to increase message throughput. We present analytical analysis of described algorithms as well as simulation results.
Projection Reconstruction Techniques for Reduction of Motion Effects in MRI (1992)

Projection reconstruction (PR) techniques are shown to have intrinsic advantages over spin-warp (2DFT) methods with respect to diminished artifacts from respiratory motion. The benefits result from (1) portrayal of artifacts as radial streaks, with the amplitude smallest near the moving elements; (2) streak deployment perpendicular to the direction of motion of moving elements and often residing outside the anatomic boundaries of the subject; (3) inherent signal averaging of low spatial frequencies from oversampling of central k-space data. In addition, respiratory-ordered view angle (ROVA) acquisition is found to diminish residual streaking significantly by reducing interview inconsistencies. Comparisons of 2DFT and PR acquisitions are made with and without ROVA. Reconstructions from magnitude-only projections are found to have increased streaks from motion-induced phase shifts.
Automatic registration of 3D datasets using Gaussian fields (2005)

In this paper we introduce a new 3D automatic registration method based on Gaussian fields and energy minimization. The method defines a simple C/sup /spl infin// energy function, which is convex in a large neighborhood of the alignment parameters; allowing for the use of powerful standard optimization techniques. We show that the size of the region of convergence can be significantly extended reducing the need for close initialization and overcoming local convergence problems of the standard iterative closest point (ICP) algorithms. Furthermore, the Gaussian criterion can be evaluated with linear computational complexity using fast Gauss transform methods, allowing for an efficient implementation of the registration algorithm. Experimental analysis of the technique using real world datasets shows the usefulness as well as the limits of the approach.
Finite length analysis of low-density parity-check codes (2001)

LTHC
Complete mitochondrial DNA analysis of Hydrotaea ignava (Insecta, Diptera, Muscidae) (2017)

The complete mitochondrial genome sequenced and analyzed from a black garbage fly, <i>Hydrotaea ignava</i> which is critically important species for forensic investigations. The size of mitochondrial genome is 17,026 bp with 40.8% A, 11.2% C, 8.2% G and 39.8% T distribution. This is the longest within complete mitochondrial genome records of the Muscidae species. The mitochondrial genome is composed of 13 protein coding, two ribosomal RNA and 22 tRNA genes and a putative control region. Furthermore, phylogenetic relationships of the superfamily Muscoidea evaluated due to mitochondrial protein coding genes. The results showed that the <i>H. ignava</i> placed in the paraphyletic Muscidae family and early diverged from a clade including Muscidae, Anthomyiidae and Scathophagidae species. This is the first complete mitochondrial genome for the genus <i>Hydrotaea</i>.
Adiabatic Quantum Computing with Neutral Atoms. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Observations of growth changes during the embryonic‐larval‐transition of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) under near‐natural conditions (2021)

Sander lucioperca is an organism of growing importance for the aquaculture industry. Nonetheless, the rearing of S. lucioperca larvae is proving to be a difficult task as it is facing a high mortality rate during hatching and the change to exogenous feeding. To gain insight into growth patterns during this period, the authors analysed pikeperch embryos and larvae from 9 days before hatching to 17 days after hatch. Hereby they were able to describe a natural development by using close to natural conditions based on using a direct flow-through supply of lake fresh water on specimens from a local wild population. The results show that between the early embryonic stages a steady growth was visible. Nonetheless, in between hatching and the start of exogenous feeding, a phase of growth stagnation took place. In the following larval stages, an increased growth with large size variations between individual specimens appeared. Both factors are conspicuous as they can indicate a starting point for cannibalism. With this analysis, the authors can provide a fundament to support the upcoming research on S. lucioperca and aid to optimize size-sorting procedures for a higher survival of pikeperch stock in aquaculture.
Surface Modification Of Textile Materials By Dip-Coating With Magnetic Nanoparticles (2011)

Founded in 1683 in Leiden, the Netherlands, Brill is a leading international academic publisher in the Humanities, Social Sciences, International Law, and Biology. With offices in the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, the USA and Asia, Brill today publishes more than 360 journals and 2,000 new books and reference works each year as well as a large number of databases and primary source research collections.
Traitement de la chondromalacie rotulienne primitive par l'association de rééducation du quadriceps et l'irradiation laser-infra rouges (1985)

peer reviewed
Efficient testing techniques for bit and digit-serial arrays (1991)

Bit and digit-serial architectures are used extensively in digital signal processing applications. Testing these structures is a very difficult problem due to low controllability/observability and complex interconnections between the circuit components. Efficient test generation techniques have been developed and applied to three classes of bit and digit-serial circuits. The testing techniques are novel and address issues such as embedded finite state machine testing, pipelining of test vectors, time to space transformation of iterative systems, and testing of cascaded cells. Test complexity issues are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Surface Amination of Biopolymer Using Surface-Wave Excited Ammonia Plasma (2006)

Surface-wave plasma has been used to modify polymer surfaces. The density and selectivity of the functionalizations are very important for biomaterial applications. Low-temperature plasma treatment has been successfully applied to many types of polymers to generate functional surfaces. In this study, we focus on the surface modification of amino groups on chitosan surfaces by ammonia plasma treatment. Chitosan is a nontoxic, biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, which promotes the scarless healing of skin through embolization. The experimental results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed that the ammonia plasma exposure to the chitosan surface increased the nitrogen incorporation on the surface from 4.67 to 9.92%. The selectivity of amino group functionalizations (–NH 2 /N) increased from 53.7 to 78.4% after the plasma irradiation.
Design and evaluation of a feedback based phased array system for ultrasound surgery (1998)

A driving system has been designed for phased array ultrasound applicators. The system is designed to-operate in the bandwidth 1.2 to 1.8 MHz, with independent channel power control up to 60 W (8 bit resolution) for each array element. To reduce power variation between elements, the system utilizes switching regulators in a feedback loop to automatically adjust the DC supply of a class D/E power converter. This feedback reduces the RF electrical power variation from 20% to 1% into a 16 element array. DC-to-RF efficiencies close to 70% for all power levels eliminates the need for large heat sinks. In addition to power control, each channel may be phase shifted 360 degrees with a minimum of 8 bit resolution. To ensure proper operation while driving ultrasound arrays with varying element sizes, each RF driving channel implements phase feedback such that proper phase of the driving signal is produced either at the amplifier output before the matching circuitry or after the matching circuitry at the transducer face. This feedback has been experimentally shown to increase the focal intensities by 20 to 25% of two tested phased arrays without array calibration using a hydrophone.
Seismic sensor system for security applications based on MEMS accelerometer (2014)

Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) accelerometers have great potential in many applications such as remote infrastructure monitoring, automotive industry and also in military and surveillance systems as a part of the Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS) systems. A detection of human activity and vehicle movement in monitored area using seismic signals is complex problem and it brings new challenges into the seismic sensor design and signal processing methods. One of the main objectives of the paper is to present a concept of seismic sensor system dedicated for human activities and vehicles movement detection. In this paper, we explore the possibility of the seismic sensor system which consists of the low noise MEMS accelerometer SF1500S.A, low noise 24-bit Sigma-Delta analog to digital converter and digital signal processor. For evaluation of the seismic sensor system performance, series of field measurements for human footfalls detection were carried out. In order to determine the seismic signature of human footfalls, seismic signals were analyzed and processed in time, frequency and time-frequency domain. In conclusion, the outputs of experiments are evaluated and also the further research in seismic sensor system field is outlined.
SNA route generation using traffic patterns (1991)

This paper describes a procedure used by the IBM Information Network to generate optimum routes for a complex Systems Network Architecture (SNA) network by utilizing communication traffic patterns. The Route Table Generator and an understanding of customer locations and available facilities had been the basis for route generation. However, this approach became overwhelming as the network grew. The lack of flexibility required an increasing need to manually override generated routes. The resulting approach could not ensure that network delay had been minimized. The Network Design and Analysis (NETDA) tool developed at the IBM Yorktown Research Center was used as a solution. NETDA orders routes based on static indicators such as number of hops, route distance, and speed of the path components. However, NETDA also selects optimal routes based on network traffic patterns. Traffic data were easily incorporated into NETDA, and the IBM Information Network has optimized its SNA routing using NETDA and actual traffic data. The process was challenging because of the number of network components involved and the difficulty in obtaining portions of the traffic data. The use of NETDA for route generation is discussed, and the data collection methodology is described. Network component utilization and network delay changes are reviewed as a means of showing the benefits of such optimizations.