gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3-Acetyloxy-2-cyano-2-(alkylaminocarbamoyl)propyl Groups as Biodegradable Protecting Groups of Nucleoside 5´-mono-Phosphates (2011)

Thymidine 5´-bis[3-acetyloxy-2-cyano-2-(2-phenylethylcarbamoyl)propyl]phosphate (1) has been prepared and the removal of phosphate protecting groups by hog liver carboxyesterase (HLE) at pH 7.5 and 37 °C has been followed by HPLC. The first detectable intermediates are the (R(P))- and (S(P))-diastereomers of the monodeacetylated triester 14, which subsequently undergo concurrent retro-aldol condensation to diester 4 and enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis to the fully deacetylated triester 15. The former pathway predominates, representing 90% of the overall breakdown of 14. The diester 4 undergoes the enzymatic deacetylation 700 times less readily than the triester, but gives finally thymidine 5´-monophosphate as the desired main product. To elucidate the potential toxicity of the electrophilic 2-cyano-N-(2-phenylethyl)acrylamideby-product 17 released upon the deprotection, the hydrolysis of 1 has also been studied in the presence of glutathione (GSH).
Sarcoide equino: revisão bibliográfica (2023)

As áreas de oncologia e dermatologia estão se expandindo cada vez mais dentro da medicina veterinária, incluindo na medicina equina. Dentre os tumores que podem acometer essa espécie, destaca-se o sarcóide. Trata-se de uma neoplasia cutânea que comumente afeta os cavalos, sendo considerada localmente agressiva e devido à sua alta capacidade infiltrativa, representa um desafio terapêutico. São descritos seis tipos de classificação dos sarcóides: verrucoso, superficial, nodular, fibroblástico, maligno ou misto. Entre as causas conhecidas estão fatores concomitantes, incluindo trauma cutâneo, predisposição genética e exposição ao vírus, que aparentam estar envolvidas no aparecimento das lesões. Acredita-se que infecção por papilomavírus bovino tipo 1 ou 2, PVB-1 e PVB-2, seja a principal causa da manifestação neoplásica. A variedade de manifestações é resultante de interações entre o hospedeiro, o genoma e agente etiológico. Para diagnóstico definitivo, os exames de biópsia de pele e estudo histopatológico são essenciais. O presente estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura dos aspectos etiológicos, clínicos, epidemiológicos e terapêutico do sarcóide em equinos.
Effects of Metformin and Rosiglitazone Treatment on Insulin Signaling and Glucose Uptake in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes (2005)

The effect of metformin or rosiglitazone monotherapy versus placebo on insulin signaling and gene expression in skeletal muscle of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes was determined. A euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, combined with skeletal muscle biopsies and glucose uptake measurements over rested and exercised muscle, was performed before and after 26 weeks of metformin (n = 9), rosiglitazone (n = 10), or placebo (n = 11) treatment. Insulin-mediated whole-body and leg muscle glucose uptake was enhanced 36 and 32%, respectively, after rosiglitazone (P < 0.01) but not after metformin or placebo treatment. Insulin increased insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) tyrosine phosphorylation, IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activity, and phosphorylation of Akt Ser473 and AS160, a newly described Akt substrate that plays a role in GLUT4 exocytosis, approximately 2.3 fold before treatment. These insulin signaling parameters were unaltered after metformin, rosiglitazone, or placebo treatment. Expression of selected genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle was unchanged between the treatment groups. Low-intensity acute exercise increased insulin-mediated glucose uptake but was without effect on insulin signaling. In conclusion, the insulin-sensitizing effects of rosiglitazone are independent of enhanced signaling of IRS-1/PI 3-kinase/Akt/AS160 in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
CD146 expression on primary nonhematopoietic bone marrow stem cells is correlated with in situ localization (2011)

Nonhematopoietic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are of central importance for bone marrow stroma and the hematopoietic environment. However, the exact phenotype and anatomical distribution of specified MSC populations in the marrow are unknown. We characterized the phenotype of primary human BM-MSCs and found that all assayable colony-forming units-fibroblast (CFU-Fs) were highly and exclusively enriched not only in the lin⁻/CD271⁺/CD45⁻/CD146⁺ stem-cell fraction, but also in lin⁻/CD271⁺/CD45⁻/CD146(⁻/low) cells. Both populations, regardless of CD146 expression, shared a similar phenotype and genotype, gave rise to typical cultured stromal cells, and formed bone and hematopoietic stroma in vivo. Interestingly, CD146 was up-regulated in normoxia and down-regulated in hypoxia. This was correlated with in situ localization differences, with CD146 coexpressing reticular cells located in perivascular regions, whereas bone-lining MSCs expressed CD271 alone. In both regions, CD34⁺ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells were located in close proximity to MSCs. These novel findings show that the expression of CD146 differentiates between perivascular versus endosteal localization of non-hematopoietic BM-MSC populations, which may be useful for the study of the hematopoietic environment.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Endoneurial Macrophages Induce Perineural Invasion of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Secretion of GDNF and Activation of RET Tyrosine Kinase Receptor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 174K, Expression of the GDNF receptors GFRa1 and RET in specimens excised from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.(a) Low magnification (X20) immunofluorescence staining with anti-RET ab (green, Alexa 485), (b) anti-GFRa1 ab (red, Alexa 565) , and (c) overlay image with DAPI staining (blue). (d) Immunohistochemical staining of the same specimen with anti-CK19 ab (brown staining). (e) High magnification (X40) fluorescent microscope imaging performed with anti-RET (green, Alexa 485), (f) anti-GFRa1 antibodies (red, Alexa 565) and (g) DAPI (blue staining). The overlay image in (h) shows co-expression of the receptors by PDA cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Radiocarbon Dating of Alkenones from Marine Sediments: I. Isolation Protocol (2005)

The chemical and isotopic compositions of long-chain (C 36 –C 39 ) unsaturated ketones (alkenones), a unique class of algal lipids, encode surface ocean properties useful for paleoceanographic reconstruction. Recently, we have sought to extend the utility of alkenones as oceanic tracers through measurement of their radiocarbon contents. Here, we describe a method for isolation of alkenones from sediments as a compound class based on a sequence of wet chemical techniques. The steps involved, which include silica gel column chromatography, urea adduction, and silver nitrate-silica gel column chromatography, exploit various structural attributes of the alkenones. Amounts of purified alkenones estimated by GC/FID measurements were highly correlated with CO 2 yields after sample combustion, indicating purities of greater than 90% for samples containing ≥ 100 μg C. The degree of alkenone unsaturation ( U 37 K′ ) also varied minimally through the procedure. We also describe a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to isolate individual alkenones for molecular-level structural and isotopic determination.
Acoustofluidic, Label-Free Separation and Simultaneous Concentration of Rare Tumor Cells from White Blood Cells (2015)

Enrichment of rare cells from peripheral blood has emerged as a means to enable noninvasive diagnostics and development of personalized drugs, commonly associated with a prerequisite to concentrate the enriched rare cell population prior to molecular analysis or culture. However, common concentration by centrifugation has important limitations when processing low cell numbers. Here, we report on an integrated acoustophoresis-based rare cell enrichment system combined with integrated concentration. Polystyrene 7 μm microparticles could be separated from 5 μm particles with a recovery of 99.3 ± 0.3% at a contamination of 0.1 ± 0.03%, with an overall 25.7 ± 1.7-fold concentration of the recovered 7 μm particles. At a flow rate of 100 μL/min, breast cancer cells (MCF7) spiked into red blood cell-lysed human blood were separated with an efficiency of 91.8 ± 1.0% with a contamination of 0.6 ± 0.1% from white blood cells with a 23.8 ± 1.3-fold concentration of cancer cells. The recovery of prostate cancer cells (DU145) spiked into whole blood was 84.1 ± 2.1% with 0.2 ± 0.04% contamination of white blood cells with a 9.6 ± 0.4-fold concentration of cancer cells. This simultaneous on-chip separation and concentration shows feasibility of future acoustofluidic systems for rapid label-free enrichment and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells using peripheral venous blood in clinical practice.
Plasmonic coloration of silver nanodome arrays for a smartphone-based plasmonic biosensor (2019)

In this study, the utility of plasmonic coloration on silver nanodome arrays for sensitive and quantitative detection of biomolecules using a smartphone-based sensor is proposed. In particular, a quantitative analysis of DNA hybridization was achieved using the hue angle in the HSV color space obtained from a photograph of a sensing spot taken using a smartphone camera. Silver and gold nanodome arrays consisting of a polystyrene bead layer covered with a thin metal film can be created over a large area by a bottom-up fabrication process. The metal nanodome arrays exhibited unique colorations which can be tuned by the dome diameter <i>ϕ</i>, metal species, and refractive index of the surrounding medium. The measurement of the bulk refractive index sensitivity revealed that the Ag nanodome with <i>ϕ</i> = 500 nm can provide the highest sensitivity of up to 588 nm per refractive index unit. The detection of DNA hybridization was performed by using a bimetallic nanodome consisting of silver and thin gold overlayers and DNA modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for enhancing the sensor signals. Upon the immobilization of AuNPs, the Ag nanodome (<i>ϕ</i> = 200 nm) exhibited a large shift in the resonance wavelength accompanied by a dramatic change in coloration. The analysis of detection sensitivity of DNA hybridization using a model system revealed that colorimetric detection based on hue can be used for the quantitative detection of biomolecules in the same manner as the spectroscopic method with a few pM level of detectable concentration.
Offtrack interference and equalization in magnetic recording (1988)

Off-track or intertrack interference (ITI) is a result of recording head positioning error and is often the dominant noise source in the magnetic disk storage channel. To predict accurately the performance of partial-response and decision-feedback equalizers, an ITI model is developed and the ITI distribution is found. Using this ITI distribution, probability-of-error projections are presented for partial-response and decision-feedback detection as the recording head moves off track. Predicted probabilities of error are up to a factor of 1000 lower than those obtained using a Gaussian ITI distribution assumption.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Prospects for phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition as a cancer treatment. (2001)

The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3-kinases) are a family of lipid kinases that have a key role in the regulation of many cellular processes including proliferation, survival, carbohydrate metabolism, and motility. There is now strong evidence that some members of the PI3-kinase family have an important role in cancer. Emerging evidence for functional specialisation of PI3-kinase isoforms suggests that isoform selective inhibitors, in contrast to the existing non-selective inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002, may prove to be useful anticancer drugs.
Second person agreement allomorphy in Masarak (2013)

Masarak (also known as Masalit, sometimes spelled Massaleit), an endangered Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Darfur, is characterized by complex agreement patterns, particularly in the second person. This article outlines Masarak agreement patterns in the declarative, imperative and prohibitive verb forms, paying particular attention to second singular declarative allomorphy. In addition, this article describes a series of verb root-form alternations. Understanding these alternations is necessary in understanding the interpretation of different declarative, imperative and prohibitive verb forms.
Supplementary Methods from Chemical Screen Identifies Diverse and Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Repressors of NUT Function: Implications for NUT Carcinoma Pathogenesis and Treatment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Cytokine expression in temporal arteries: comparative analysis between patients with biopsy-positive giant cell arteritis, biopsy-negative giant cell arteritis and biopsy-negative without arteritis. (2019)

IL-6, COX-2 and OPN are significantly more expressed in the presence of a positive TAB compared to a negative TAB. TNF-α is significantly more expressed in GCA patients compared to non-GCA patients. Thus, TNF-α expression may suggest a diagnosis of GCA despite a negative TAB. Further larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
AQVAL/1 (AQ7) User's Guide and Program Description (1975)

This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DCR 74-03514.
Supplementary Figure S4 from A Novel Therapeutic Strategy Targeting the Mesenchymal Phenotype of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma by Suppressing LSD1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S4 shows that MFGE8 regulates the FAK pathway.&lt;/p&gt;
A fast SAR measurements system for production testing of personal wireless devices (2013)

The SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) evaluation is mandatory for any wireless device in the market today (mobile phone, laptop, tablet etc). Therefore, SAR has to be considered in all stages of the product life: R&D, production, product certification, sales and after-sales. International standards which provide SAR evaluation protocols are likely to be modified to integrate the hand effect on SAR performances [1]. This implies an increasing number of required SAR measurements in any certification and testing scenario. A further increase in SAR measurements on each device also results from the increasing number of services and frequency bands of modern devices (4G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth etc). These factors greatly increase the time spent on overall SAR evaluation of each device. This paper presents a multi-probe fast SAR measurement system, SARlite, developed for easy application in any stage of development or production of the wireless device. The fast 3D evaluation allows a considerable reduction in SAR measurement time, while maintaining good precision.
TNO Human Factors - The Netherlands (2005)

NATO HFM 121/RTO 042 'Virtual environments for intuitive human-system interaction'maakt een compendium van nationale activiteiten op het gebied van 'augmented. mixed, and virtual environments', : onderhavige publicatie beschrijft het werk bij TNO Human Facors in deze.
Future Nationwide Optical Network Architecture for Higher Availability and Operability Using Transport SDN Technologies (2017)

An optical transport network is composed of optical transport systems deployed in thousands of office-buildings. As a common infrastructure to accommodate diversified communication services with drastic traffic growth, it is necessary not only to continuously convey the growing traffic but also to achieve high end-to-end communication quality and availability and provide flexible controllability in cooperation with service layer networks. To achieve high-speed and large-capacity transport systems cost-effectively, system configuration, applied devices, and the manufacturing process have recently begun to change, and the cause of failure or performance degradation has become more complex and diversified. The drastic traffic growth and pattern change of service networks increase the frequency and scale of transport-capacity increase and transport-network reconfiguration in cooperation with service networks. Therefore, drastic traffic growth affects both optical-transport-system configuration and its operational cycles. In this paper, we give an overview of the operational problems emerging in current nationwide optical transport networks, and based on trends analysis for system configuration and network-control schemes, we propose a vision of the future nationwide optical-transport-network architecture expressed using five target features.
Heparin promotes fibrillation of most phenol soluble modulin peptides from S. aureus : a possible strengthening of the bacterial biofilm (2021)

ABSTRACT Phenol soluble modulins (PSMs) are virulence peptides secreted by different Staphylococcus aureus strains. In addition, PSMs are able to form amyloid fibrils which may strengthen the biofilm matrix. The highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan heparin promotes S.aureus infection but the basis for this is unclear. We hypothesized that heparin promotes PSM fibrillation and in this way aids bacterial colonization. Here we address this hypothesis using a combination of different biophysical techniques along with peptide microarrays. We find that heparin accelerates fibrillation of all α-PSMs (except PSMα2) and δ-toxin, but inhibits β-PSMs’ fibrillation by blocking nucleation. Given that S. aureus secretes higher levels of α-PSMs than β-PSMs peptidess, heparin is likely to overall promote fibrillation. Heparin binding is driven by multiple positively charged lysine residues in α-PSMs and δ-toxins, whose removal strongly reduces affinity. Binding of heparin does not alter the final fibril conformation. Rather, heparin provides a scaffold to catalyze or inhibit fibrillation. Our findings suggest that heparin may strengthen bacterial biofilm through increased PSM fibrillation. Abstract Figure
Identification of biological molecules in situ at high resolution via the fluorescence excited by a scanning electron beam (protein and DNA intrinsic fluorescence/fluorescein-conjugated antibody/scanning electron microscopy) (2016)

Proteins, nucleic acids, and fluorescein-con- jugated antibody are shown to be identifiable in situ via the fluorescence excited by the focused electron beam of a scan- ning electron microscope. A molecular species is identified by its characteristic fluorescence spectrum and by a charac- teristic alteration of the spectrum with time under the elec- tron beam. Primary protein fluorescence is relatively rapidly destroyed by the beam, but protein photoproduct fluores- cence is more rugged and will in some cases permit detection of small numbers of protein molecules. Nucleic acid fluores- cence is extremely long-lived and will permit detection of small numbers of nucleic acid residues. The theoretical reso- lution limit for localization of a particular molecular species- about 20 X-is determined by the known maximum distance for molecular excitation by fast electrons. Direct extrapola- tion from an observed resolution of 900 X in the localization of nucleic acid using a low-efficiency detector leads to an ex- perimental resolution limit of less than 60 i. Fluorescence is strongly quenched by residual water in the specimen. Similar quenching is produced by some macromolecular associations and so may serve to localize such associations.
Scanning Tunneling Microscophy of Electrode Surfaces (2022)

One of the most exciting fields in modem electrochemistry is the understanding of the relationship between the structures and properties of the electrode-electrolyte interface at an atomic level. This chapter describes a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in electrolyte solutions with an atomic scale. Since R. K. Hansma and co-workers first demonstrated that STM can operate even in electrolyte solutions, the application of new in situ techniques such as STM and atomic force microscopy has recently allowed details of the atomic structure of well-defined electrode surfaces to be described. The underpotential deposition (UPD) of hydrogen and metal adlayers is also important to understanding the role of surface structure at the electrode-electrolyte interface, because it is well known that UPD processes are extremely sensitive to the atomic structure of the electrode surface.
Model-Based Optimisation and Control Strategy for the Primary Drying Phase of a Lyophilisation Process (2020)

The standard operation of a batch freeze-dryer is protocol driven. All freeze-drying phases (i.e., freezing, primary and secondary drying) are programmed sequentially at fixed time points and within each phase critical process parameters (CPPs) are typically kept constant or linearly interpolated between two setpoints. This way of operating batch freeze-dryers is shown to be time consuming and inefficient. A model-based optimisation and real-time control strategy that includes model output uncertainty could help in accelerating the primary drying phase while controlling the risk of failure of the critical quality attributes (CQAs). In each iteration of the real-time control strategy, a design space is computed to select an optimal set of CPPs. The aim of the control strategy is to avoid product structure loss, which occurs when the sublimation interface temperature ( T i ) exceeds the the collapse temperature ( T c ) common during unexpected disturbances, while preventing the choked flow conditions leading to a loss of pressure control. The proposed methodology was experimentally verified when the chamber pressure and shelf fluid system were intentionally subjected to moderate process disturbances. Moreover, the end of the primary drying phase was predicted using both uncertainty analysis and a comparative pressure measurement technique. Both the prediction of T i and end of primary drying were in agreement with the experimental data. Hence, it was confirmed that the proposed real-time control strategy is capable of mitigating the effect of moderate disturbances during batch freeze-drying.
Das Gesetz zur Ausübung von Optionen der EU-Prospektverordnung (2018)

Zusammenfassung Im Wertpapierprospektrecht steht eine neue Ära bevor: Die EU-ProspektVO, die keiner weiteren Umsetzung durch die nationalen Gesetzgeber der Mitgliedstaaten bedarf, tritt am 21. 7. 2019 in vollem Umfang in Kraft. Mit dem Gesetz zur Ausübung von Optionen der EU-Prospektverordnung hat der deutsche Gesetzgeber nun gem. Art. 3 Abs. 2 EU-ProspektVO mögliche ergänzende Regelungen nationalen Rechts erlassen. Der Gesetzgebungsprozess wurde deutlich davon geprägt, kleineren und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) einen besseren Zugang zum Kapitalmarkt zu ermöglichen. Dabei erfolgten wesentliche Änderungen, in deren Zentrum die Einführung eines Wertpapierinformationsblatts (WIB) als Prospektersatz steht, jedoch bedauerlicherweise unter Missachtung praktischer aufsichtskriminologischer Erfahrungen, wie sie nicht nur mit der europäisch veranlassten Prospektrichtlinie innerhalb der letzten zwölf Jahre, sondern in jüngster Zeit auch mit dem genuin deutschen Vermögensanlagenrecht gesammelt werden konnten. Der Beitrag zeigt die für den deutschen Markt bedeutsamsten Neuerungen auf und legt dabei besonderes Augenmerk auf die Entstehungsgeschichte wie den – disparaten – Regelungsrahmen anderer Kapitalanlageprodukte (Vermögensanlagen und Investmentvermögen), da dies nicht nur für die künftige Auslegung der deutschen „Begleitnormen“ des zukünftigen Prospektregimes, sondern auch für das Ziehen der rechtspolitisch zutreffenden Schlüsse für künftige Gesetzgebungsvorhaben von besonderer Bedeutung ist.
Low-level viraemia among people living with HIV in Nigeria: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study (2022)

None.