gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal changes in tumor-associated immune cell populations in subcutaneous Tu-2449SC tumors transduced with Toca 511 following treatment with 5-fluorocytosine (2016)

Abstract Toca 511 (vocimagene amiretrorepvec), a gamma retroviral replicating vector encoding cytosine deaminase, with 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), kills tumor by local production of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and induces local and systemic immunotherapeutic response resulting in long-term survival after cessation of 5-FC. This work identified the immune cell populations that change over time following administration of 5-FC to mice bearing Tu-2449SC tumors expressing cytosine deaminase. Tu-2449SC cells (2% pretransduced with Toca 511) were injected subcutaneously in B6C3F1 mice. 5-FC or PBS treatment was initiated once tumors were palpable. Tumor burden was significantly reduced in mice that received 5-FC vs. PBS control. At 3, 6, 9, and 14 days after 5-FC start, spleens and tumors were harvested for immunophenotyping. 3 days after treatment initiation, B cells and CD4+ T cells in the tumor were significantly reduced with 5-FC. Of the CD4+ T cells that remained in 5-FC treated tumors, a greater number expressed markers of activation (41BB, CD40L, and PD-1), were defined as effector T cells, and fewer were naïve. At day 6 post 5-FC initiation, CD4+ T cell percentages were no longer reduced with 5-FC vs. PBS. Tumor associated macrophages (TAM), myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and monocyte populations were significantly reduced in tumors 6 days after 5-FC start. Myeloid cell depletion correlates with previous work with systemic 5-FU. At 14 days post 5-FC, TAM and MDSC remained reduced in tumors of treated animals, and both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly increased. Toca 511+5-FC treatment results in reduced tumor burden and creates a tumor microenvironment that is more permissive to immune activation and anti-tumor immune response.
Watch and learn: Semi-supervised learning of object detectors from videos (2015)

We present a semi-supervised approach that localizes multiple unknown object instances in long videos. We start with a handful of labeled boxes and iteratively learn and label hundreds of thousands of object instances. We propose criteria for reliable object detection and tracking for constraining the semi-supervised learning process and minimizing semantic drift. Our approach does not assume exhaustive labeling of each object instance in any single frame, or any explicit annotation of negative data. Working in such a generic setting allow us to tackle multiple object instances in video, many of which are static. In contrast, existing approaches either do not consider multiple object instances per video, or rely heavily on the motion of the objects present. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by evaluating the automatically labeled data on a variety of metrics like quality, coverage (recall), diversity, and relevance to training an object detector.
Interconnect Scaling Implications for CAD (1999)

Interconnect scaling to deep submicron processes presents many challenges to today's CAD flows. A recent analysis by Sylvester and Keutzer examined the behavior of average length wires under scaling, and controversially concluded that current CAD tools are adequate for future module-level designs. In our work, we show that average length wire scaling is sensitive to the technology assumptions, although the change in their behavior is small under all reasonable scaling assumptions. However, examining only average length wires is optimistic, since long wires are the ones that primarily cause CAD tool exceptions. In a module of fixed complexity, under both optimistic and pessimistic scaling assumptions, the number of long wires will increase slowly with scaling. More importantly, as the overall die capacity grows exponentially, the number of modules and thus the total number of wires in a design, will also increase exponentially. Thus, if the design team size and per-designer workload is to remain relatively constant, future CAD tools will need to handle long wires much better than current tools to reduce the percentage of wires that require designer intervention.
Molecular drivers of tumor progression in microsatellite stable APC mutation-negative colorectal cancers (2021)

The tumor suppressor gene adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is the initiating mutation in approximately 80% of all colorectal cancers (CRC), underscoring the importance of aberrant regulation of intracellular WNT signaling in CRC development. Recent studies have found that early-onset CRC exhibits an increased proportion of tumors lacking an APC mutation. We set out to identify mechanisms underlying APC mutation-negative (APC<sup>mut-</sup>) CRCs. We analyzed data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to compare clinical phenotypes, somatic mutations, copy number variations, gene fusions, RNA expression, and DNA methylation profiles between APC<sup>mut-</sup> and APC mutation-positive (APC<sup>mut+</sup>) microsatellite stable CRCs. Transcriptionally, APC<sup>mut-</sup> CRCs clustered into two approximately equal groups. Cluster One was associated with enhanced mitochondrial activation. Cluster Two was strikingly associated with genetic inactivation or decreased RNA expression of the WNT antagonist RNF43, increased expression of the WNT agonist RSPO3, activating mutation of BRAF, or increased methylation and decreased expression of AXIN2. APC<sup>mut-</sup> CRCs exhibited evidence of increased immune cell infiltration, with significant correlation between M2 macrophages and RSPO3. APC<sup>mut-</sup> CRCs comprise two groups of tumors characterized by enhanced mitochondrial activation or increased sensitivity to extracellular WNT, suggesting that they could be respectively susceptible to inhibition of these pathways.
Otto: a 4.04 GBq (109 mCi) 68Ge/68Ga generator, first of its kind - extended quality control and performance evaluation in the clinical production of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 (2020)

4.04 GBq (109 mCi) itG <sup>68</sup>Ge/<sup>68</sup>Ga generator is suitable for routinely produced <sup>68</sup>Ga tracers used in the clinic. Up to 30% higher amount of final drug product was obtained as compared to the 1.85 GBq (50 mCi) itG generator, and as a result larger number of studies could be performed, while reducing the synthetic burden.
Localization and Tracking of Implantable Biomedical Sensors (2017)

Implantable sensor systems are effective tools for biomedical diagnosis, visualization and treatment of various health conditions, attracting the interest of researchers, as well as healthcare practitioners. These systems efficiently and conveniently provide essential data of the body part being diagnosed, such as gastrointestinal (temperature, pH, pressure) parameter values, blood glucose and pressure levels and electrocardiogram data. Such data are first transmitted from the implantable sensor units to an external receiver node or network and then to a central monitoring and control (computer) unit for analysis, diagnosis and/or treatment. Implantable sensor units are typically in the form of mobile microrobotic capsules or implanted stationary (body-fixed) units. In particular, capsule-based systems have attracted significant research interest recently, with a variety of applications, including endoscopy, microsurgery, drug delivery and biopsy. In such implantable sensor systems, one of the most challenging problems is the accurate localization and tracking of the microrobotic sensor unit (e.g., robotic capsule) inside the human body. This article presents a literature review of the existing localization and tracking techniques for robotic implantable sensor systems with their merits and limitations and possible solutions of the proposed localization methods. The article also provides a brief discussion on the connection and cooperation of such techniques with wearable biomedical sensor systems.
Cannabinoids disrupt memory encoding by functionally isolating hippocampal CA1 from CA3 (2017)

Much of the research on cannabinoids (CBs) has focused on their effects at the molecular and synaptic level. However, the effects of CBs on the dynamics of neural circuits remains poorly understood. This study aims to disentangle the effects of CBs on the functional dynamics of the hippocampal Schaffer collateral synapse by using data-driven nonparametric modeling. Multi-unit activity was recorded from rats doing an working memory task in control sessions and under the influence of exogenously administered tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary CB found in marijuana. It was found that THC left firing rate unaltered and only slightly reduced theta oscillations. Multivariate autoregressive models, estimated from spontaneous spiking activity, were then used to describe the dynamical transformation from CA3 to CA1. They revealed that THC served to functionally isolate CA1 from CA3 by reducing feedforward excitation and theta information flow. The functional isolation was compensated by increased feedback excitation within CA1, thus leading to unaltered firing rates. Finally, both of these effects were shown to be correlated with memory impairments in the working memory task. By elucidating the circuit mechanisms of CBs, these results help close the gap in knowledge between the cellular and behavioral effects of CBs.
Habitat value of a developing estuarine brackish marsh (2002)

Marsh creation receives worldwide attention in mitigating loss of coastal wetlands and in management retreat of estuaries. In the Westerschelde, the former Selena Polder, south of "Het Verdronken Land van Saeftinghe", evolved into the Sieperda marsh after several dyke breaches. Soon after the tides regained access to the polder, a tidal creek was formed. Ten years after, a developing marsh system is found close to a mature marsh system. This situation offered the rare and unique opportunity to compare under similar circumstances the utilisation by nekton species of a natural mature marsh with a recently created developing marsh. Between April and October 1999 both the mature Saeftinghe marsh and the developing Sieperda marsh were sampled every six weeks on two consecutive days. Each sampling occasion covered the whole tidal cycle. The most important environmental parameters (water height, temperature, salinity, turbidity and dissolved oxygen) were similar in both marsh creeks. A distinct difference in nekton community structure between the two marshes was observed. Total biomass and densities of nekton species were remarkably higher in Saeftinghe. In Saeftinghe, a density peak occurred in July and was mainly due to large numbers of the mysids &lt;i&gt;Neomysis integer&lt;/i&gt;. In Sieperda, peak densities in September were caused by high abundances of the mysids &lt;i&gt;Mesopodopsis slabberi&lt;/i&gt;. This difference in species dominance was observed during all sampling occasions. Biomass peaked in July in the mature marsh and in October in the developing marsh. Mysid shrimp (&lt;i&gt;Neomysis integer&lt;/i&gt;) and fish (mainly &lt;i&gt;Pomatoschistus microps&lt;/i&gt;) were the main contributors to the biomass in the natural marsh. Herring, sprat (Clupeidae) and shore crab (&lt;i&gt;Carcinus maenas&lt;/i&gt;) were more important in Sieperda. For &lt;i&gt;Pomatoschistus microps&lt;/i&gt;, distinct differences in length-frequency distributions were noted between both marshes. While creek morphology plays an important role, the development stage of a marsh is believed to be a prime factor in determining the habitat function of creek systems of developing and mature marshes.
12.1 3D ultrasonic gesture recognition (2014)

Optical 3D imagers for gesture recognition suffer from large size and high power consumption. Their performance depends on ambient illumination and they generally cannot operate in sunlight. These factors have prevented widespread adoption of gesture interfaces in energy- and volume-limited environments such as tablets and smartphones. Wearable mobile devices, too small to incorporate a touchscreen more than a few fingers wide, would benefit from a small, low-power gestural interface. Gesture recognition using sound is an attractive alternative to overcome these difficulties due to the potential for chip-scale size, low power consumption, and ambient light insensitivity. Using pulse-echo time-of-flight, MEMS ultrasonic rangers work over distances of up to a meter and achieve sub-mm ranging accuracy [1,2]. Using a 2-dimensional array of transducers, objects can be localized in 3 dimensions. This paper presents an ultrasonic 3D gesture-recognition system that uses a custom transducer chip and an ASIC to sense the location of targets such as hands. The system block diagram is shown in Fig. 12.1.1. Targets are localized using pulse-echo time-of-flight methods. Each of the 10 transceiver channels interfaces with a MEMS transducer, and each includes a transmitter and a readout circuit. Echoes from off-axis targets arrive with different phase shifts for each element in the array. The off-chip digital beamformer realigns the signal phase to maximize the SNR and determine target location.
Vision Science: Photons to Phenomenology (1999)

This book revolutionizes how can be taught to undergraduate and graduate students in cognitive psychology, and optometry. It is the first comprehensive textbook on to reflect the integrated computational approach of modern research scientists. This new interdisciplinary approach, called vision science, integrates psychological, computational, and neuroscientific perspectives. The book covers all major topics related to vision, from early neural processing of image structure in the retina to high-level visual attention, memory, imagery, and awareness. The presentation throughout is theoretically sophisticated yet requires minimal knowledge of mathematics. There is also an extensive glossary, as well as appendices on psychophysical methods, connectionist modeling, and color technology. The book will serve not only as a comprehensive textbook on vision, but also as a valuable reference for researchers in cognitive psychology, neuroscience, computer optometry, and philosophy.
High Power Vertical Cavity Laser Diodes (1993)

We have fabricated proton-implanted InGaAs/GaAs quantum well vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes with active diameters between 10 and 95 ?m. Minimum threshold currents of 1.4 mA for 10 ?m devices and 20 mW cw output power for 95 ?m devices solder bonded on laser submounts are measured.
Calibration of the TFTR lost alpha diagnostic (1992)

We present various aspects of the calibration of the TFTR lost alpha diagnostic. The diagnostic consists of four detectors, forming a poloidal array at the bottom of TFTR inside the vacuum vessel. The detector is composed of a ZnS(Ag) scintillator and a pair of collimating apertures which permit pitch angle, energy, and time resolution of the escaping flux of high-energy ions (MeV range). The first goal of this study was to establish the absolute calibration of the diagnostic for different particle types and energies. This enables us to compare for the first time, measured losses with loss calculations based on a first-orbit model. However, the factor of 2 uncertainty in the final calibration is still too large for full, quantitative comparisons of the data with the theory based on absolute flux measurements alone. We also present some of the aspects related to the detector’s resolution capabilities, its temperature dependence, and its time response.
Thermal Monitoring of Power Electronic Modules Using Device Self-Sensing (2018)

This work proposes techniques for real-time monitoring of power module thermal response and state-of-health. It presents a thermal observer that dynamically estimates device losses and reliability-critical temperatures. These quantities are estimated instantaneously every switching period and averaged over one fundamental excitation period with nearly zero lag and an outstanding accuracy and insensitivity to modeling errors compared to prior technologies. The observer structure is combined with a loss injection algorithm that manipulates gate resistance and switching frequency for small signal device loss excitation, creating a device self-sensing unit that exhibits two innovative features: On the one hand, it enables the adaptive calibration of the device loss model. This improves the accuracy of thermal monitoring while avoiding time-consuming off-line calibrations. On the other hand, it can conduct an in-situ thermal impedance spectroscopy of the power module over multiple frequency decades without interruption of normal converter operation. The extracted magnitude and phase of the thermal impedance allow an effective state-of-health diagnosis as they reflect structural changes in the power module, e.g. solder delamination. Proposed techniques are evaluated in simulations and experiments for a state-of-the-art IGBT power module. Overall, the methodology promotes precise thermal management and predictive maintenance efforts, and aims to ensure more safe and reliable operation of future converter systems.
Binaural Localization Based on Weighted Wiener Gain Improved by Incremental Source Attenuation (2009)

This paper addresses the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation both in azimuthal and elevation angle from binaural sound that is processed with a head-related transfer function (HRTF). Previously, we proposed a weighted Wiener gain (WWG) method for two-dimensional DOA estimation with two-directional microphones. However, for signals processed with HRTFs, peaks in the spatial spectra of WWG indicating true sources can mingle with spurious peaks. To resolve this situation, we propose to apply incremental source attenuation (ISA) in combination with WWG. In fact, ISA reduces spectral components originating from specified sound sources and thereby improves the localization accuracy of the next targeted source in the proposed incremental estimation procedure. We conduct computer simulations using directional microphones and four HRTF sets corresponding to four individuals. The proposed method is compared to two DOA estimation methods that are equivalent to two generalized cross-correlation functions and two high-resolution methods of multiple signal classification (MUSIC) and minimum variance method. For comparison purposes, we introduce binary coherence detection (BCD) to high-resolution methods for emphasizing valid spectral components for localization in multiple source conditions. Evaluation results demonstrate that, although MUSIC with BCD yield comparable performance to that of WWG in conditions where single speech source exists, WWG with ISA surpasses the other methods in conditions including two or three speech sources.
Session Announcement Protocol (2000)

2 of the multicast session directory announcement protocol, Session Announcement Protocol (SAP), and the related issues affecting security and scalability that should be taken into account by implementors.
Zinc Mesh Anodes Cast into Concrete Pile Jackets (1996)

Abstract A sacrificial anode cathodic protection system has been designed to provide corrosion control to the splash area as well as the submerged portion of reinforced concrete bridge pilings in marine environments. The system consists of a two piece stay in place fiberglass form provided with a internally placed expanded zinc mesh anode and filled with a portland cement-sand mortar to protect the splash area of the pile. The submerged portion of the pile is protected using a standard zinc bulk anode. The experimental system was installed by the Florida Department of Transportation on two corrosion deteriorated piles at the Broward River Bridge in Jacksonville, Florida. The system’s performance was evaluated using NACE established criteria of 100 mV polarization development and polarization decay tests. Results indicate that adequate cathodic protection has been provided to the pile. Current discharged by the mesh anode at various elevations was also measured to further characterize the system’s operational behavior. The system provides cathodic protection and restores concrete lost to corrosion deterioration. It has the advantage of not requiring an external power supply or complex wiring system, and the required maintenance and monitoring is minimal.
Suppressors of T-cell Receptor Signaling Sts-1 and Sts-2 Bind to Cbl and Inhibit Endocytosis of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (2004)

The ubiquitin (Ub) ligase Cbl plays a critical role in attenuation of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling by inducing ubiquitination of RTKs and promoting their sorting for endosomal degradation. Herein, we describe the identification of two novel Cbl-interacting proteins, p70 and Clip4 (recently assigned the names Sts-1 and Sts-2, respectively), that inhibit endocytosis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Sts-1 and Sts-2 contain SH3 domains that interacted with Cbl, Ub-associated domains, which bound directly to mono-Ub or to the EGFR/Ub chimera as well as phosphoglycerate mutase domains that mediated oligomerization of Sts-1/2. Ligand-induced recruitment of Sts-1/Sts-2 into activated EGFR complexes led to inhibition of receptor internalization, reduction in the number of EGFR-containing endocytic vesicles, and subsequent block of receptor degradation followed by prolonged activation of mitogenic signaling pathways. On the other hand, interference with Sts-1/Sts-2 functions diminished ligand-induced receptor degradation, cell proliferation, and oncogenic transformation in cultured fibroblasts. We suggest that Sts-1 and Sts-2 represent a novel class of Ub-binding proteins that regulate RTK endocytosis and control growth factor-induced cellular functions.
Efficient ultrafast laser writing with elliptical polarization (2023)

Photosensitivity in nature is commonly associated with stronger light absorption. It is also believed that artificial optical anisotropy to be the strongest when created by light with linear polarization. Contrary to intuition, ultrafast laser direct writing with elliptical polarization in silica glass, while nonlinear absorption is about 2.5 times weaker, results in form birefringence about twice that of linearly polarized light. Moreover, a larger concentration of anisotropic nanopores created by elliptically polarized light pulses is observed. The phenomenon is interpreted in terms of enhanced interaction of circularly polarized light with a network of randomly oriented bonds and hole polarons in silica glass, as well as efficient tunneling ionization produced by circular polarization. Applications to multiplexed optical data storage and birefringence patterning in silica glass are demonstrated.