gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From science to practice. Meta-analyses using individual patient data are needed (1995)

In this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, Jeng et al<sup>1</sup>report discrepancies between the results of meta-analyses using aggregate data available from the literature (MAL) and meta-analyses using individual patient data (MAP). This may be seen as further grounds for mistrusting meta-analysis in general<sup>2,3</sup>and MAL in particular,<sup>4</sup>but before deciding that all meta-analyses are an exercise in "mega-silliness,"<sup>5</sup>consider the alternatives. See also p 830. The key characteristic of MAPs is the use of individual patient data (IPD). Meta-analyses using aggregate data also can, and frequently do, include unpublished data, so the term<i>IPD meta-analyses</i>is preferable to avoid confusing issues relating to using IPD and issues relating to using unpublished data. IPD meta-analyses require international cooperation between the individuals and groups who have conducted relevant trials and a considerable amount of time, personnel, and financial resources.<sup>6</sup>These global collaborative endeavors have yielded important information
Isolation and purification of beta-lactoglobulin from cow milk (2015)

The study revealed a simple and suitable method for isolation of β-lg from whey protein in pure form which may be used for detection of CMPI.
HINT: Hypernetwork Instruction Tuning for Efficient Zero- and Few-Shot Generalisation (2023)

Recent NLP models have shown the remarkable ability to effectively generalise ‘zero-shot’ to new tasks using only natural language instructions as guidance. However, many of these approaches suffer from high computational costs due to their reliance on concatenating lengthy instructions with every input example, resulting in costly reprocessing of the instruction. To avoid this, we introduce Hypernetworks for INstruction Tuning (HINT), which convert task instructions and examples into parameter-efficient modules inserted into an underlying model using a pretrained text encoder, eliminating the need to include instructions in the model input. The hypernetwork in HINT also produces an encoded instruction, which we concatenate with encoded inputs during decoding to further improve performance. HINT models outperform strong state-of-the-art baselines by over 10% when controlling for compute (measured in FLOPs). By converting instructions into modules, HINT models can effectively disregard the length of instructions and few-shot example inputs in terms of compute usage. As a result, HINT can enhance its performance by up to 25% by incorporating additional few-shot data, while utilizing only up to 5% more compute. This combines the strengths of parameter-efficient fine-tuning and in-context learning.
Consistent chromosomal losses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (1994)

Clonal chromosomal abnormalities were characterized in nine cell lines established from squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Aneuploidy was a common feature; one cell line was near-diploid, three were near-triploid, four were near-tetraploid, and one cell line showed extensive variation in chromosome numbers. Consistent numerical abnormalities included loss of the sex chromosomes in six cell lines, losses of chromosomes 2 and 21 in six and five cell lines, respectively, and gain of chromosome 20 in five cell lines. Recurrent structural rearrangements included del(10)(q22-q26) (seven cell lines), i(5)(p10) (six cell lines), i(8)(q10) (six cell lines), add(19)(q13) (six cell lines), del(4)(q21-q31.3) (five cell lines), i(3)(q10) (four cell lines), del(12)(p11.1-p12) (four cell lines), and add (18)(q21-q23) (four cell lines). Other changes were noted in lower frequencies. Loss of specific regions on chromosomes 2, 3p, 4q, 5q, 8p, 10q, 12p, 18q, 19q, and 21 suggests that they may represent sites of putative tumor suppressor genes, loss of which may play a role in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Alternatively, gain of chromosomal region 3q, 5p, and 8q due to isochromosome formation suggests that more than one mechanism is involved in malignant transformation. Cytogenetic evidence of gene amplification was found in two cell lines; as an hsr(11)(q13) in one and as dmins in the other. The clonal karyotypes of four cell lines were compared with those of their respective primary tumors. In all cell lines, clonal evolution had occurred, with loss of some rearrangements present in the primary tumors or the gain of additional abnormalities.
CCR5del32 genotype in human enteroviral cardiomyopathy leads to spontaneous virus clearance and improved outcome compared to wildtype CCR5 (2018)

These data suggest that CCR5 genotyping is a novel predictive genetic marker for the clinical course of human EV cardiomyopathies. Hereby clinicians can identify those EV positive individuals who will eliminate the virus spontaneously based on CCR5 phenotype and those patients with CCR5 wildtype genotype who would be eligible for immediate antiviral IFN-β treatment to minimize irreversible cardiac damage.
Origin of Orthogonality of Strain‐Promoted Click Reactions (2015)

Site-specific labeling of biomolecules is rapidly advancing due to the discovery of novel mutually orthogonal reactions. Quantum chemistry studies have also increased our understanding of their relative rates, although these have until now been based on highly simplified reactants. Here we examine a set of strain-promoted click-type cycloaddition reactions of n-propyl azide, 3-benzyl tetrazine and 3-benzyl-6-methyl tetrazine with cyclooctenes/ynes, in which we aim to address all relevant structural details of the reactants. Our calculations have included the obligatory handles used to attach the label and biomolecule as these can critically influence the stereochemistry and electron demand of the reaction. We systematically computed orbital gaps, activation and distortion energies using density functional theory and determined experimental rates for validation. Our results challenge the current paradigm of the inverse electron demand for this class of reactions. We found that the ubiquitous handles, when next to the triple bond of cyclooctynes, can switch the Diels-Alder type ligations to normal electron demand, a class we term as SPINEDAC reactions. Electron donating substituents on tetrazine can enhance normal demand but also increase distortion penalties. The presence and isomeric configuration of handles thus determine the reaction speed and regioselectivity. Our findings can be directly utilized in engineering genuine cycloaddition click chemistries for biological labeling.
The Transcriptomic and Proteomic Landscapes of Bone Marrow and Secondary Lymphoid Tissues (2014)

In this paper we present a strategy of combining next generation RNA-sequencing with in situ affinity-based proteomics in order to identify and describe new gene targets for further research on lymphatic or hematopoietic cells and tissues. The results constitute lists of genes with enriched or enhanced expression in the four lymphohematopoietic tissues, exemplified also on protein level with immunohistochemical images.
Complementary Resistive Switching Observed in Graphene Oxide-Based Memory Device (2018)

In this letter, complementary resistive switching (CRS) was demonstrated in a single-stack graphene oxide (GO) memory cell for the first time, where the high resistance state can be distinguished into ”0” and ”1” states by different bias polarities. The high switching uniformity ensures reliable reading/writing operations. By changing the compliance currents in the forming and switching processes, the quantity of oxygen defects required for the conducting-filament (CF) formation and supplied by the GO layer (Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</sub> and Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> ) was adjusted to determine their influence on the CRS. It was found that the CRS only occurred at the condition of Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</sub> > Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> and its mechanism is due to the inversion of CF geometry.
파괴와 새 구성: 파울 클레와 카를 아인슈타인의 형상화 방식 (2020)

본고는 파울 클레와 카를 아인슈타인의 유사한 형상화 방식을 이론적으로 규명하고 둘의 작품의 예에서 이를 구체적으로 논하고자 한다. 그들의 형상화 원칙은 아인슈타인에 의해서는 “변화와 새 형성”, 클레에 의해서는 “변경과 새 형성”이라 일컬어진 ‘파괴와 새 구성’이다. 클레는 완성된 그림들을 두세 조각으로 잘라, 이 잘라내진 그림 조각들을 돌려 혹은 서로 뒤바꾸어 붙였다. 가위와 풀로 하는 이 작업방식은 추상화를 강화시키는가 하면, 추상화 경향과 함께 의미가 변화된다든지 그림 내용이 거꾸로 되는 결과를 초래한다. 아인슈타인의 경우 파괴는 주로 대상의 미메시스적 모사, 합리성, 논리학, 원근법, 인과성에게 행해진다. 그의 새 구성은 요소들을 작품구성적 내적인 원칙에 따라 새로이 형성하는 것을 뜻한다. ‘파괴와 새 구성’이라는 이 기본구조는 그의 소설 『베부퀸』에서도 입증된다. ‘절단과 새 조합’이라는 클레의 작업 과정은 『베부퀸』에서 해체적 요소들과 통합적 요소들의 결합으로서 나타난다. 해체적 요소들로서는 에피소드들 간의 선형적 연관성의 부재, 선형적 연대기적 이야기 진행의 거부, 인물들의 심리학적 형상화의 거절, 인과적 줄거리 진행의 결핍 등이다. 통합적 기능을 하는 것은 테마적으로 통일적인 배경을 이루는 모든 장소들, 각 부분 속에 전체의 포함, 시간 진행의 방향성, 화자의 현존 등이다.
Design of 280 GHz feedhorn-coupled TES arrays for the balloon-borne polarimeter SPIDER (2016)

We describe 280 GHz bolometric detector arrays that instrument the balloon-borne polarimeter SPIDER. A primary science goal of SPIDER is to measure the large-scale B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background in search of the cosmic-inflation, gravitational-wave signature. 280 GHz channels aid this science goal by constraining the level of B-mode contamination from galactic dust emission. We present the focal plane unit design, which consists of a 16$\times$16 array of conical, corrugated feedhorns coupled to a monolithic detector array fabricated on a 150 mm diameter silicon wafer. Detector arrays are capable of polarimetric sensing via waveguide probe-coupling to a multiplexed array of transition-edge-sensor (TES) bolometers. The SPIDER receiver has three focal plane units at 280 GHz, which in total contains 765 spatial pixels and 1,530 polarization sensitive bolometers. By fabrication and measurement of single feedhorns, we demonstrate 14.7$^{\circ}$ FHWM Gaussian-shaped beams with $
Complete Genome Sequence of the Highly Transformable Pseudomonas stutzeri Strain 28a24 (2014)

Here, we report the complete genome sequence for an isolate of Pseudomonas stutzeri that is highly competent for natural transformation. This sequence enables insights into the genetic basis of natural transformation rate variations and provides an additional data point for genomic comparisons across a ubiquitous and highly diverse bacterial species.
Enhanced fields on rough surfaces: dipolar interactions among particles of sizes exceeding the Rayleigh limit (1985)

Amplified electromagnetic fields generated by a surface of finitely sized metal or dielectric particles are calculated. Regular arrays of particles produced by lithographic techniques and stochastic particle distributions that occur, e.g., in island films, are discussed. Retarded dipolar interactions between the particles are explicitly taken into account. Particles of finite size are considered for which dynamic depolarization and radiation damping effects are important. Limits of validity of the present approach are indicated. The total electromagnetic field from the surface is calculated by superposition: Scalar potentials characterizing a single particle are convoluted with a distribution function describing the particle positions. The surface Hertz vector is obtained from the single-particle Hertz vector by convolution with a two-dimensional Shah function representing the array or with the autocorrelation function of the stochastic surface. A plane-wave description of the dipolar fields is used, whereby the convolution is transformed into a simple multiplication in Fourier space. Cylindrical, general spheroidal, and spherical shapes are considered for the individual particle. Particle dipole moments are obtained by a self-consistent procedure. Dipolar interactions result in shifts and broadening of the particle plasmon resonances, which are responsible for the local intensity enhancement. A set of universal curves is given from which shift and broadening can be calculated for particles of all sizes and shapes. Extrema in the dipolar interactions arise when grating orders change from radiative to evanescent character. The strong variation of the Raman enhancement with angle and wavelength in the vicinity of these extrema is clearly predicted from the Hertz-vector calculation. The formalism described permits one to calculate electromagnetic properties of the surface and enhancement factors for any electromagnetic process occurring at or near the surface. As examples, the calculation of reflectivities for s-and p-polarized excitation and surface-enhanced Raman-scattering cross sections are discussed.
Ultra-large mode area single frequency anisotropic MOPA with double clad Yb-doped tapered fiber (2018)

We demonstrates all-fiber master oscillator – power amplifier delivered 70W output power at 1033.33nm with 8 kHz FWHM linewidth without any problems with SBS. The anisotropic ytterbium doped tapered double clad amplifier with 50 &mu;m MFD and polarization extinction ratio about 30 dB is developed as a burst stage. The output radiation demonstrated perfect beam quality (M<sup>2</sup>=1.03/1.08).
Polymer—Micelle Incarcerated Scandium as a Polymer‐Supported Catalyst for High‐Throughput Organic Synthesis. (2006)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent progress in understanding apolipoprotein B. (1990)

For the past 5 years, investigators from many different laboratories have contributed to a greatly increased understanding of two very important lipid-carrying proteins in plasma--apo B-100 and apo B-48. Apo B-100, an extremely large protein composed of 4,536 amino acids, is synthesized by the liver and is crucial for the assembly of triglyceride-rich VLDL particles. Apo B-100 is virtually the only protein of LDL, a cholesteryl ester-enriched class of lipoproteins that are metabolic products of VLDL. The apo B-100 of LDL serves as a ligand for the LDL receptor-mediated uptake of LDL particles by the liver and extrahepatic tissues. The LDL receptor-binding region of apo B-100 is located in the carboxyterminal portion of the molecule, whereas its lipid-binding regions appear to be broadly dispersed throughout its length. Apo B-48 contains the amino-terminal 2,152 amino acids of apo B-100 and is produced by the intestine as a result of editing of a single nucleotide of the apo B mRNA, which changes the codon specifying apo B-100 amino acid 2,153 to a premature stop codon. Apo B-48 has an obligatory structural role in the formation of chylomicrons; therefore, its synthesis is essential for absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Both apo B-48 and apo B-100 are encoded on chromosome 2 by a single gene that contains 29 exons and 28 introns. An elevated level of apo B-100 in the plasma is a potent risk factor for developing premature atherosclerotic disease. In the past 3 years, many different apo B gene mutations that affect the concentrations of both apo B and cholesterol in the plasma have been characterized. A missense mutation in the codon for apo B-100 amino aid 3,500 is associated with hypercholesterolemia. This mutation results in poor binding of apo B-100 to the LDL receptor, thereby causing the cholesteryl ester-enriched LDL particles to accumulate in the plasma. This disorder is called familial defective apo B-100, and it is probably a cause of premature atherosclerotic disease. Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia is a condition associated with abnormally low levels of apo B and cholesterol; affected individuals may actually have a reduced risk of atherosclerotic disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Determining contact data for time stepping rigid body simulations with convex polyhedral geometries (2016)

Dynamic simulation of multi-rigid bodies is a key tool in robotics and many other domains. Over the past two decades, such simulations have moved from modeling primarily contact-free motion to simulating contact-based interactions like locomotion and grasping. Contact data - points of contact, surface normals, and signed distance - have proven straightforward to compute for multi-bodies modeled using primitive shapes, but there has been no accepted procedure for determining such data for bodies with convex polyhedral bodies. This paper investigates techniques that can be used to determine such data and pays special attention to numerical issues. We describe a unit test and provide two verification benchmarks for assessing correctness.
Randomized trial to assess safety/feasibility of memantine administration during residential treatment for alcohol use disorder: a pilot study (2020)

The <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>D</i>-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) system is critically involved in the pathogenesis and neurobehavioral sequelae of alcohol use disorder (AUD), and constitutes a potential pharmacotherapeutic target. Memantine (Namenda) is an FDA-approved NMDAr antagonist with suggested utility in AUD, however its safety and tolerability during long-term administration among recently-detoxified patients remains uncharacterized. This pilot study assessed safety, feasibility, and several secondary measures of interest, during a 4-week period of residential AUD treatment. Participants (<i>N</i> = 18) met diagnostic criteria for AUD. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, escalating-dose design was utilized. Assessments of medication side-effects were conducted weekly. At intake, week 2, and study completion, participants completed a battery assessing affective symptomatology, craving, and neurocognitive function. Medication groups reported equivalent side effects and severity. Medication compliance was high, and did not differ by group. No memantine effects were observed in secondary outcome measures. Memantine maintains a profile of high tolerability and low side-effects during post-detoxification AUD treatment. These data suggest a more aggressive dosing/escalation schedule may be used safely in future trials designed to ascertain improvements in neurocognitive function, affect, and/or craving as primary measures.
Dark current reduction in ultraviolet metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors based on wide band-gap semiconductors (2009)

Photodetectors on semi-insulating GaN templates were demonstrated. They exhibit lower dark current compared to photodetectors fabricated on regular GaN templates. Similar behavior observed in photodetectors fabricated on epitaxially thick SiC templates.
Lattice relaxations around individual dopant atoms in SrTiO3 (2019)

The local atomic structure around individual dopant atoms can directly influence the electronic properties of a doped material. Here, we use quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy to study the local lattice relaxations around Sm dopant atoms in $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin films. These films have recently been shown to undergo successive ferroelectric and superconducting transitions when strained. We show that neighboring Ti-O columns move away from the columns that contain Sm dopants. The observed displacements are, however, more complex than a simple outward expansion of all four surrounding Ti-O columns. We discuss potential implications, especially for the ferroelectric transition observed in strained films.
Molecular Characterization of a New Tetratrichomonas Species in a Patient with Empyema (2009)

A new Tetratrichomonas species was identified by molecular and phylogenetic approaches in the pleural fluid from a patient with encysted empyema leading to dyspnea. This observation raised the questions of the real prevalence of pulmonary trichomonosis in humans, the zoonotic potential of trichomonads, and the existence of human-host-adapted strains.
A Practical Assessment of Process Data Compression Techniques (1998)

Plant data are used to compare the effectiveness of wavelet-based methods with other compression techniques. The challenge is to effectively treat the data so that the maximum compression ratio is achieved while the important features are retained in the compressed data. Wavelets have properties that are desirable for data compression. They are localized in time (or space) and in frequency. This means that important short-lived high-frequency disturbances can be preserved in the compressed data, and these disturbances may be differentiated from slower, low-frequency trends. Besides discrete wavelet transforms, linear interpolation, discrete cosine transform, and vector quantization are also used to compress data. The transform-based compression algorithms perform better than the linear interpolation methods, such as swinging door, that have been used traditionally in the chemical process industries. Among these techniques, the wavelet-based one compresses the process data with excellent overall and best local accuracy.
zooarchaeology (2023)

Zooarchaeology/archaeozoology focuses on the investigation of animals in the past through analysis of recovered faunal remains, largely teeth and bones, from archaeological sites. As such zooarchaeological analyses can disclose much about the animals themselves, the environmental and ecological parameters in which they existed, as well as the cultures that kept, herded, controlled, hunted, manipulated, killed, ate, valued, symbolized, treated, and exploited them. The historical development of zooarchaeological study within classical archaeology showcases its expansion from earlier studies (in the 1970s and 1980s) that concentrated on reconstructing the core economic and ecological roles of animals in antiquity to its current state, which emphasizes more diversified, multidimensional investigations of animals across all spectra and components of ancient life. Key topics of interest in the discipline include ancient husbandry operations; the interaction between animals and ecological settings; the input of meat and other animal foodstuffs in ancient diets; the exploitation of non-consumable animal products, such as bones, hides, and wool in antiquity; breeding regimes and their effects on animals during Greek and Roman times; and the roles and characteristics of work, pet, and sacrificial animals in the past.
Photochromism of spiropyrans in aluminosilicate gels (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochromism of spiropyrans in aluminosilicate gelsDeborah. Preston, Jean Claude. Pouxviel, Thomas. Novinson, William C. Kaska, Bruce. Dunn, and Jeffrey I. ZinkCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 10, 4167–4172Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100373a054https://doi.org/10.1021/j100373a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views269Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts