gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Die oplosbaarheid en mobiliteit van kalk in sand (1986)

Die oplosbaarheid, diffusie en loging van twee kalktipes is in 'n suiwer sandmedium bestudeer. Deur van sand gebruik te maak is die kompliserende effek van die uitruilfase van grond geëlimineer. Die uitwerking van byvoegings van KCl, NH4Cl, Na2EDTA, organiese materiaal en 'n H-versadigde hars op kalkoplosbaarheid en -beweging is nagegaan. In horisontale kolomme is die omvang van beweging a.g.v. diffusie oor tydperke van 5 en 9 maande by twee waterinhoude bepaal. Na 5 maande en by 'n waterinhoud ietwat hoër as veldkapasiteit, het meer as 99,5% van die Ca nog in die kalkband voorgekom. KCl het min uitwerking op Ca-verspreiding gehad; NH4Cl het ietwat beter gevaar en NH4Cl + 'n H-versadigde harsband op 100 mm vanaf die kalk het die beste gevaar, hoewel na 9 maande meer as 80% van die Ca steeds in die kalkband voorgekom het. In die geloogde kolomme is 8 behandelings by besproeiings van 600 mm en 1200 mm vergelyk. Loging met 1200 mm water het onderskeidelik 18, 1% en 9, 6% Ca vanuit die twee kalktipes verwyder, vergeleke met tot 46, 1% vir 'n NH4Cl-oplossing en tot 54, 8% vir 'n EDTA-oplossing. 'n Organiese materiaal byvoeging het min invloed op die uitloog van Ca gehad. S.-Afr. Tydskr. Plant Grond 1986, 3: 140–146
Glutamate and the glutamate receptor system: a target for drug action (2003)

Glutamate is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. In the process, glutamate fulfills numerous physiological functions, but also plays an important role in the pathophysiology of different neurological and psychiatric diseases, especially when an imbalance in glutamatergic neurotransmission occurs. Under certain conditions, glutamate has a toxic action resulting from an activation of specific glutamate receptors, which leads to acute or chronic death of nerve cells. Such mechanisms are currently under discussion in acute neuronal death within the context of hypoxia, ischaemia and traumas, as well as in chronic neurodegenerative or neurometabolic diseases, idiopathic parkinsonian syndrome, Alzheimer's dementia and Huntington's disease. It is hoped that glutamate antagonists will lead to novel therapies for these diseases, whereby the further development of glutamate antagonists for blocking disease-specific subtypes of glutamate receptors may be of major importance in the future.
Collecting New Peak and Intermediate Infliximab Levels to Predict Remission in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2021)

This study showed the clinical relevance of measuring new infliximab levels to predict remission in patients with IBD. These findings lay the foundation for a personalized medicine in which biotherapies could be monitored at an early stage, thereby improving patients' clinical management.
Enhanced mosquito blood-finding success on parasitemic hosts: evidence for vector-parasite mutualism. (1985)

The generalized hematopathology frequently found in animals infected with vector-borne pathogens may maximize transmission by enhancing the ability of vectors to locate blood in infected hosts. We tested this idea of mutualism between parasite and vector by comparing duration of probing of mosquitoes feeding on noninfected and on malaria-(Plasmodium chabaudi) or arbovirus-(Rift Valley fever virus) infected animals. We found that median duration of probing (blood location) on infected rodents was reduced by at least 1 min as compared to noninfected rodents. This enhanced ability of vectors to locate blood, possibly caused by parasite-disrupted hemostasis, may be a common feature of vector-borne diseases.
Extending the linear–quadratic model for large fraction doses pertinent to stereotactic radiotherapy (2004)

Ongoing clinical trials designed to explore the use of extracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (ESR) for different tumour sites use large doses per fraction (15, 20, 30 Gy or even larger). The question of whether the linear-quadratic (LQ) model is appropriate to describe radiation response for such large fraction doses has been raised and has not been answered definitively. It has been proposed that mechanism-based models, such as the lethal-potentially lethal (LPL) model, could be more appropriate for such large fraction/acute doses. However, such models are not well characterized with clinical data and they are generally not easy to use. The purpose of this work is to modify the LQ model to more accurately describe radiation response for high fraction/acute doses. A new parameter is introduced in the modified LQ (MLQ) model. The new parameter introduced is characterized based both on in vitro cell survival data of several human tumour cell lines and in vivo animal iso-effect curves. The MLQ model produces a better fit to the iso-effect data than the LQ model. For a high single dose irradiation, the prediction of the MLQ is consistent with that from the LPL model. Unlike the LPL model, the MLQ model retains the simplicity of the LQ model and uses the well-characterized alpha and beta parameters. This work indicates that the standard LQ model can lead to erroneous results when used to calculate iso-effects with large fraction doses, such as those used for ESR. We present a solution to this problem.
Bioadhesive delivery systems for mucosal vaccine delivery (2010)

Mucosal vaccine delivery potentially induces mucosal as well as systemic immune responses and may have advantages particularly for optimal protection against pathogens that infect the host through mucosal surfaces. However, the delivery of antigens through mucosal membranes remains a major challenge due to unfavorable physiological conditions (pH and enzymes) and significant biological barriers, which restrict the uptake of antigens. To improve mucosal vaccine delivery, the use of bioadhesive delivery systems offers numerous advantages, including protection from degradation, increasing concentration of antigen in the vicinity of mucosal tissue for better absorption, extending their residence time, and/or targeting them to sites of antigen uptake. Although some bioadhesives have direct immune stimulating properties, it appears most likely that successful mucosal vaccination will require the addition of vaccine adjuvants for optimal immune responses, particularly if they are to be used in an unprimed population. Thus, complex vaccine formulations and delivery strategies have to be carefully designed to appropriately stimulate immune response for the target pathogen. In addition, careful consideration is needed to define the "best" route for mucosal immunization for each individual pathogen.
27.2: Fast photo-aligned V-shape ferroelectric LCD based on DHF mode (2010)

Non-sensitive to the driving voltage polarity and hysteretic free V-shaped electro-optical response exhibiting characteristic switching on and switching off times τ<sub>0.1-0.9</sub><sup>on</sup> ≃ τ <sub>0.1-0.9</sub><sup>off</sup> ≃ 100/μs at the driving voltage amplitude less than 10V can be achieved in Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (DHF) mode. The application of this mode for new active-matrix LCD with Field Sequential Colors (FSC) is envisaged.
Using deep learning to identify translational research in genomic medicine beyond bench to bedside (2019)

Tracking scientific research publications on the evaluation, utility and implementation of genomic applications is critical for the translation of basic research to impact clinical and population health. In this work, we utilize state-of-the-art machine learning approaches to identify translational research in genomics beyond bench to bedside from the biomedical literature. We apply the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and support vector machines (SVMs) to the bench/bedside article classification on the weekly manual annotation data of the Public Health Genomics Knowledge Base database. Both classifiers employ salient features to determine the probability of curation-eligible publications, which can effectively reduce the workload of manual triage and curation process. We applied the CNNs and SVMs to an independent test set (n = 400), and the models achieved the F-measure of 0.80 and 0.74, respectively. We further tested the CNNs, which perform better results, on the routine annotation pipeline for 2 weeks and significantly reduced the effort and retrieved more appropriate research articles. Our approaches provide direct insight into the automated curation of genomic translational research beyond bench to bedside. The machine learning classifiers are found to be helpful for annotators to enhance the efficiency of manual curation.
Priority Control in Communication Networks for Accuracy-Freshness Tradeoff in Real-Time Road-Traffic Information Delivery (2017)

Delivering real-time road-traffic information to the driver is a straightforward solution to the problem of road-traffic congestion. The information is more effective as it is fresh and more accurate. However, real-time road-traffic information delivery has a fundamental problem: an accuracy-freshness tradeoff. Unfortunately, real-time road-traffic information delivery has difficulty satisfying both requirements. To guarantee the freshness, the information needs to be delivered on the basis of the data received by a cloud or edge server before a predetermined deadline. However, only a limited amount of data is received due to bandwidth limitation and processing overhead in communication networks, which results in the poor accuracy of the delivered information. The only way to improve the accuracy is to make the deadline less strict, which results in deteriorating the freshness of information. The proposed system solves this tradeoff. The key idea is that data more “important” for the accuracy of information are more prioritized when the data are transferred in communication networks. In the proposed system, “importance” is determined by how helpful the data are when the system needs to estimate missing spatial information from a limited amount of received data by using the machine learning technique. In this paper, simulation results verify that the proposed system ensures the accuracy of road-traffic information while satisfying the freshness requirement.
A Closed-Form Kinematic Model for Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Enclosures (2017)

In this work, we present a closed-form model, which describes the kinematics of fiber-reinforced elastomeric enclosures (FREEs). A FREE actuator consists of a thin elastomeric tube surrounded by reinforcing helical fibers. Previous models for the motion of FREEs have relied on the successive compositions of “instantaneous” kinematics or complex elastomer models. The model presented in this work classifies each FREE by the ratio of the length of its fibers. This ratio defines the behavior of the FREE regardless of the other parameters. With this ratio defined, the kinematic state of the FREE can then be completely described by one of the fiber angles. The simple, analytic nature of the model presented in this work facilitates the understanding and design of FREE actuators. We demonstrate the application of this model in an actuator design case study.
The Root Causes of the Limited Stability of Solution‐Coated Small‐Molecule Organic Light‐Emitting Devices: Faster Host Aggregation by Exciton–Polaron Interactions (2016)

The degradation mechanism is compared in organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) fabricated by solution‐coating to that in vacuum‐deposited OLEDs. Devices comprising various host materials made by vacuum‐deposition or solution‐coating are investigated. Changes in devices electroluminescence (EL) spectra during prolonged electrical driving are compared and analyzed. Hole‐only devices are also utilized, and employed to study the effects of charges and excitons, separately and combined. The results reveal that the faster degradation of solution‐processed devices relative to their vacuum‐deposited counterparts under electrical stress is due to a faster aggregation of the host materials. Interactions between excitons and polarons in the emitting layers of the devices induce this aggregation phenomenon. Although this phenomenon affects both vacuum‐deposited and solution‐coated emitting layers, it is found to occur much faster in the later. The findings shed light on the root causes of the limited stability of solution‐processed OLEDs.
Safety Evaluation of Cosmetic Ingredients Regarding Their Skin Sensitization Potential (2016)

Up to today, product safety evaluation in the EU is predominantly based on data/information on their individual ingredients. Consequently, the quality and reliability of individual ingredient data is of vital interest. In this context, the knowledge about skin sensitization potential is an explicit need for both hazard and risk assessment. Proper skin sensitization data of the individual chemicals is essential, especially when dermal contact is intended, like for cosmetics. In some cases, e.g., in the presence of irritating chemicals, the combination of individual ingredients may also need to be evaluated to cover possible mixture effects. Today, it seems unlikely or even impossible that skin sensitization in humans can be adequately described by a single test result or even by a simple combination of a few data points (in vivo or in vitro). It is becoming evident that a set of data (including human data and market data) and knowledge about the ingredient’s specific sensitizing potency needs to be taken into account to enable a reliable assessment of skin sensitization. A more in-depth understanding on mechanistic details of the Adverse-Outcome-Pathway of skin sensitization could contribute key data for a robust conclusion on skin sensitization.
A Morass of Confusion and Inconsistency: The Application of the Doctrine of Nullum Tempus Occurrit Regi in North Carolina (2006)

Given the courts' and legislature's desire to maintain the doctrine of nullum tempus, the need for guiding principles of application is great. This article seeks to piece together the disparate guiding principles the courts have articulated regarding the nullum tempus doctrine from its initial introduction in North Carolina to the present time. Secondarily, the article will explore the case for modification of the current interpretation of the doctrine so as to provide a more uniform and consistent application to governmental actions. In so doing, an inquiry will be made into the approach other jurisdictions upholding nullum tempus take toward applying the doctrine. Finally, the article will explore the implications of abolishing the doctrine altogether, weighing the competing advantages and disadvantages of disgorging a doctrine which has for so long been a component of North Carolina law.
CD 14++Monocytes, CD14+/CD16+Subset and Soluble CD14 as Biological Markers of Inflammatory Systemic Diseases and Monitoring Immuno-suppressive Therapy (1999)

The majority of peripheral blood monocytes strongly positive for the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-receptor CD14 are negative for Fcgamma receptor type III (CD16). However, a subset of monocytes coexpressing CD14 and CD16 accounts for about 8% of all monocytes. This population exhibits features of tissue macrophages, and is largely expanded (> 20%) during acute and chronic inflammatory diseases including cases with pararheumatic systemic vasculitis. In addition, compared to normal controls, soluble CD14 (sCD14) is elevated (> 3 microg/ml) in serum specimens of these patients. CD14+/CD16+ monocytes show a higher phagocytosis rate than CD14+/CD16 negative cells, and express higher levels of interleukin-1 and major histocompatibility complex, such as histocompatibility antigens HLA-DR, -DP and -DQ antigens. Glucocorticoids downregulate expression of CD14 and rapidly deplete CD14+/CD16+ monocytes from peripheral blood. Patients under chronic immunosuppressive therapy exhibit low CD14/+/CD16+ rates, which may rise during infectious and non-infectious inflammatory complications, however. Thus, serial analyses for sCD14 and the proinflammatory CD14+/CD16+ subset of monocytes suggest a valuable tool monitoring patients under immunosuppressive and/or antiinflammatory therapy.
Rapid Identification of <i>Mycoplasma pulmonis</i> Isolated from Laboratory Mice and Rats Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2012)

Mycoplasma species identification is based on biochemical, immunological, and molecular methods that require several days for accurate identification. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a novel method for identification of bacteria and has recently been introduced into the clinical microbiology laboratory as a rapid and accurate technique. This method allows a characteristic mass spectral fingerprint to be obtained from whole inactivated mycoplasmal cells. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of Mycoplasma by comparison with standard sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. We developed the first database of MALDI-TOF MS profiles of Mycoplasma species, containing Mycoplasma pulmonis, M. arthritidis, and M. neurolyticum, which are the most common pathogens in mice and/or rats, and species-specific spectra were recorded. Using the database, 6 clinical isolates were identified. Six tracheal swabs from 4 mice and 2 rats were cultured on PPLO agar for 4 to 7 days, and the colonies were directly applied to analyze the protein profiles. Five strains were identified as M. pulmonis, and 1 strain from a mouse was identified as M. neurolyticum (spectral scores were >2.00); the results were consistent with the results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (homologies>97.0%). These data indicate that MALDI-TOF MS can be used as a clearly rapid, accurate, and cost-effective method for the identification of M. pulmonis isolates, and this system may represent a serious alternative for clinical laboratories to identify Mycoplasma species.
Abstract 12968: Association of Achieved Hemoglobin A1c and Cardiovascular Outcome in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (2018)

Introduction: There remains debate in terms of appropriate target of blood glucose levels particularly in type 2 diabetic patients with long history of diabetes and co-morbidities. We explored the ...
Thermal properties of a fiber-optic radiation sensor for measuring gamma-rays in high-temperature conditions (2015)

A fiber-optic radiation sensor (FORS) was fabricated using a cerium-doped silicate-yttriumlutetium (LYSO:Ce) scintillator crystal and a silica optical fiber (SOF) to measure gamma-rays accurately in elevated temperature conditions. Throughout this study, a LYSO:Ce crystal was employed as a sensing material of the FORS due to its high light yield (32,000 photons/MeV), fast decay time (≤ 47 ns) and high detection efficiency. Although the LYSO:Ce crystal has many desirable qualities, the thermoluminescence (TL) should be eliminated by using a heat annealing process because the light yield of the LYSO:Ce crystal varies with its TL. In this study, therefore, we obtained the TL curve of the LYSO:Ce crystal by increasing the temperature up to 280 ℃, and we demonstrated that almost all of the TL of the LYSO:Ce crystal was eliminated by the heat annealing process.
Cochlear nonlinearity and second filter: Relation to cochlear mechanics (1979)

Auditory data on sharpening, lateral suppression and combination tones can be put in the single framework of a BPNL-model. This consists of a sequence of a linear filter, a time-invariant nonlinearity, and a second linear filter. We have proposed a slightly different physiological model in which nonlinearity and second filter are supposed to occur at the level of mechanical to electrical transduction in the haircell [H. Duifhuis, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59, 408–423 (1976)]. The model assumes nonlinear interaction between radial and longitudinal driving forces of the hair cell, and it also used the directional sensitivity of hair cells. We now have attempted to derive the radial and longitudinal driving forces directly from the cochlear traveling wave and a first order approximation of the geometry of the organ of Corti. This reduces the number of free parameters of the original model. If the modified model is to account for the data then it puts additional constraints on the shape of the travelling wave. The tectorial membrane appears to play a significant role.
Genetic Immunization and Antibody Generation in Research Animals by Intravenous Delivery of Plasmid DNA (2005)

s: Abstracts for the 20th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer (Primary Authors are Italicized): NOVEL APPROACHES TO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Developmentally regulated expression of a mitogen-activated protein kinase in Xenopus laevis. (1992)

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are activated in somatic cells in response to many extracellular stimuli and in oocytes during meiotic maturation. We have examined the tissue specificity of expression of a MAP kinase (Xp42) in adult and larval Xenopus laevis. MAP kinase RNA and protein were abundant in the nervous system and lymphoid tissues and were readily detected in most other organs. A remarkably high level of RNA was detected in ovary. Fractionation of oocytes showed that MAP kinase RNA is expressed at the highest level in small oocytes, suggesting that it is a maternal RNA that is stored for early embryogenesis. The levels of MAP kinase RNA and protein did not change from the time of fertilization through to late blastula. The results are consistent with functions for MAP kinases in signal transduction in embryonic as well as adult cells.
Fast- and super-fast-warm-up cathodes using novel APG/APBN heaters (1991)

A fast-warm-up heater/cathode approach for microwave tubes is described. Anisotropic pyrolytic graphite (APG) deposited onto anisotropic pyrolytic boron nitride (APBN) was used to fabricate heater wafers. Both planar and spherical heaters can be produced. APG/APBN characteristics are discussed along with methods for heater fabrication. Measured fast-warm-up thermal cycling data are presented for 4 to 60 mm cathode diameters. Fast warm-up times of 1-2 s for 4.0-6.4-mm-diameter cathodes and less than 20 s for 60-mm-diameter cathodes were demonstrated with highly reliable thermal cycling performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Role of source/drain junction on plasma induced gate charging damage in N MOSFET (2002)

The effect of source and drain junctions on plasma induced gate charging damage in NMOSFETs is explored. NMOSFETs with a grounded source, a common configuration in CMOS circuits, can experience significant gate oxide damage during a plasma event. Increasing source and drain diffusion size can enhance charging damage in the gate oxide. This damage can be eliminated or minimized by attaching an efficient protecting device such as a gated diode at the transistor gate. This protection device occurs quite naturally in CMOS circuits such as inverters. All the charging effects described can be explained by a model taking into account the reverse-biased source- and drain-to-substrate junction under plasma illumination, and the silicon potential near the source and along the gate channel. Simulation based on this model suggests that plasma illumination, in addition to thermal carrier generation, plays a significant role in damage formation in gate oxide during the plasma process event.