gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Synthesis of 1,3-Dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(2H)-ones and 3-Amino-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(2H)-ones:  Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Imidoyl Chlorides with Organoboronic Acids (2003)

A new approach to the synthesis of 1,4-benzodiazepines and 3-amino-1,4-benzodiazepines, which employs the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of an imidoyl chloride with an organometallic reagent as the key step, is described. A five-step synthesis of a key intermediate is described and it is shown that in only four further steps (three couplings and a TFA-mediated BOC-deprotection) a wide variety of N1-, C3-amino-, C5-carbon-, or nitrogen-substituted 1,4-benzodiazepines can be synthesized.
Decays of theψ(3097)to baryon-antibaryon final states (1984)

A high-statistics study of $\ensuremath{\psi}$ decays into baryon final states has been done with the Mark II detector at SPEAR. A detailed test of baryon-antibaryon decay modes is presented. Substantial resonance formation is observed in multibody decays of the $\ensuremath{\psi}$ involving baryons. Branching ratios for a large number of decay modes are given, including the radiative decay $\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\gamma}$. The flavor-SU(3)-forbidden decays $\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(1385){\overline{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$+charge conjugate are observed with substantial branching ratios.
An Optimal Design for Photovoltaic Properties of Two-Layer Organic Solar Cells Using Phthalocyanine and Perylene Derivatives (1995)

Abstract Photovoltaic properties of two-layer organic p/n junction solar cells were studied for vacuum-deposited films of p-type phthalocyanine derivatives having different π-electron conjugating macrocycles and n-type N,N′-substituted 3, 4:9, 10-perylenebis(dicarboximide) having different peripheral groups. The power conversion efficiency was optimized by controlling the film thickness, morphology and contact with top-electrodes. The film morphology of the perylene derivatives changed depending on their peripheral alkyl groups, and higher photocurrents were obtained for the cell with a homogeneous layer of perylene derivatives. The molecular modification in p-type phthalocyanine derivatives changed the cell photovaltage. A substitution with electron-withdrawing groups, which lowered the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy of the p-type molecules, increased the photovoltage. On the other hand, an extention of the macrocyclic ring from phthalocyanine to naphthalocyanine lowered the photovoltaic efficiency.
Ambient Temperature Impact on Pressurized SOFC Hybrid Systems (2015)

In this paper advanced control strategies based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) method are compared against a traditional PID controller in a Gas Turbine Pressurized SOFC hybrid system. A model of the integrated mGT-SOFC hybrid system has been developed to analyze the impact of ambient temperature changes on system performance and dynamic behaviour. Four different MIMO controllers (multi input multi output) based on a linearized system model have been implemented in order to control fuel cell temperature and power with different ambient temperatures. Fuel cell temperature is regulated by manipulating the cell by-pass mass flow, while power is regulated by changing the fuel cell electrical current and fuel mass flow (the fuel utilization factor is kept constant). Load following simulations have been carried out as follows: the same load ramp from 100% to 80% of fuel cell power and back has been set and studied under three different ambient conditions, 263K, 288K and 313K (−10°C, 15°C and 40°C). MPC demonstrated superior performance over the two distributed PID controls, thanks to the better setpoint tracking on the cell temperature, which is particularly evident when the ambient temperature deviates from the nominal condition. This is mainly explained by the capability of MPC in including the effects of non-linearities of the real system.
Subband stereo echo canceller using the projection algorithm with fast convergence to the true echo path (2002)

This paper proposes a new subband stereo echo canceller that converges to the true echo path impulse response much faster than conventional stereo echo cancellers. Since signals are bandlimited and downsampled in the subband structure, the time interval between the subband signals become longer, so the variation of the crosscorrelation between the stereo input signals becomes large. Consequently, convergence to the true solution is improved. Furthermore, the projection algorithm, or affine projection algorithm, is applied to further speed up the convergence. Computer simulations using stereo signals recorded in a conference room demonstrate that this method significantly improves convergence speed and almost solves the problem of stereo echo cancellation with low computational load.
Steroids in facial palsy due to herpes zoster (1998)

Authors seem to have misunderstood pharmaceutical price regulation schemeEditor-Maynard and Bloor put forward several remedies to control the cost and availability of NHS medicines. 1
Development of insect thorax based flapping mechanism (2009)

Design of a flapping mechanism for flapping wing micro air vehicles (FWMAV) is presented based on a mathematical model of insect thorax. This model also includes an aerodynamic model of flapping wings. Using experiments on dynamically scaled wings and numerical optimization, the mechanism is tuned for peak aerodynamic performance. The thorax model is used to understand the mechanics of the biological flapping mechanism and reveals the significance of rotational stiffness and inertia distribution in flapping wings. Experiments conducted on the actual thorax based mechanism validate theoretical findings and also show significant lift generation capability.
Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 COVID-19 vaccine in adults: data from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, phase 3 trial in Russia (2022)

ABSTRACT Background To determine the immunogenicity, efficacy, reactogenicity, and safety of a single dose of recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV, 5 × 10 10 viral particles per 0.5 mL dose), we conducted a single-dose, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group (3:1 Ad5-nCoV:placebo), phase 3 trial (Prometheus). Methods From 11-September-2020 to 05-May-2021, across six sites in the Russian Federation, 496 participants were injected with either placebo or Ad5-nCoV expressing the full-length spike (S) protein from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Results Seroconversion (the primary endpoint) rates of 78.5% (95% CI: 73.9; 82.6) against receptor binding domain (RBD), 90.6% (95% CI: 87.2; 93.4) against S protein and 59% (95% CI: 53.3; 64.6) against neutralising SARS-CoV2 antibodies 28 days post-vaccination. Geometric mean titres (GMTs) were also elevated for antibodies against the RBD (405.32 [95% CI: 361.58; 454.46]) and S protein (678.86 [95% CI: 607.44; 754.40]) compared to the GMT of neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (16.73 [95% CI: 15.36; 18.22]). Using an IFN-γ ELISpot assay after stimulating the cells with full-length S protein we showed that the Ad5-nCoV vaccine induced the most robust cellular immune response on Days 14 and 28. Up to Day 28, the primary and all secondary endpoints of the Ad5-nCoV vaccine were statistically superior to the placebo (р &lt;0.001). Systemic reactions were reported in 113 of 496 (22.8%) participants (Ad5-nCoV, 26.9%; Placebo, 10.5%), and local reactions were reported in 108 (21.8%) participants (Ad5-nCoV, 28.5%; Placebo, 1.6%). These were generally mild and resolved within 7 days after vaccination. Of the six serious adverse events reported, none of the events were vaccine related. There were no deaths or premature withdrawals. Conclusion A single-dose of Ad5-nCoV vaccine induced a marked specific humoral and cellular immune response with a favourable safety profile. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04540419
POPE (2016)

Recently there has been much interest in performing search queries over encrypted data to enable functionality while protecting sensitive data. One particularly efficient mechanism for executing such queries is order-preserving encryption/encoding (OPE) which results in ciphertexts that preserve the relative order of the underlying plaintexts thus allowing range and comparison queries to be performed directly on ciphertexts. Recently, Popa et al. (SP 2013) gave the first construction of an ideally-secure OPE scheme and Kerschbaum (CCS 2015) showed how to achieve the even stronger notion of frequency-hiding OPE. However, as Naveed et al. (CCS 2015) have recently demonstrated, these constructions remain vulnerable to several attacks. Additionally, all previous ideal OPE schemes (with or without frequency-hiding) either require a large round complexity of O(log n) rounds for each insertion, or a large persistent client storage of size O(n), where n is the number of items in the database. It is thus desirable to achieve a range query scheme addressing both issues gracefully. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to range queries over encrypted data that is optimized to support insert-heavy workloads as are common in "big data" applications while still maintaining search functionality and achieving stronger security. Specifically, we propose a new primitive called partial order preserving encoding (POPE) that achieves ideal OPE security with frequency hiding and also leaves a sizable fraction of the data pairwise incomparable. Using only O(1) persistent and O(ne) non-persistent client storage for 0<e<1, our POPE scheme provides extremely fast batch insertion consisting of a single round, and efficient search with O(1) amortized cost for up to O(n(1-e)) search queries. This improved security and performance makes our scheme better suited for today's insert-heavy databases.
Characterization of a Membrane-associated Rhoptry Protein of Plasmodium falciparum (2004)

Invasive forms of apicomplexan parasites contain secretory organelles called rhoptries that are essential for entry into host cells. We present a detailed characterization of an unusual rhoptry protein of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, the rhoptry-associated membrane antigen (RAMA) that appears to have roles in both rhoptry biogenesis and host cell invasion. RAMA is synthesized as a 170-kDa protein in early trophozoites, several hours before rhoptry formation and is transiently localized within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi within lipid-rich microdomains. Regions of the Golgi membrane containing RAMA bud to form vesicles that later mature into rhoptries in a process that is inhibitable by brefeldin A. Other rhoptry proteins such as RhopH3 and RAP1 are found in close apposition with RAMA suggesting direct protein-protein interactions. We suggest that RAMA is involved in trafficking of these proteins into rhoptries. In rhoptries, RAMA is proteolytically processed to give a 60-kDa form that is anchored in the inner face of the rhoptry membrane by means of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The p60 RAMA form is discharged from the rhoptries of free merozoites and binds to the red blood cell membrane by its most C-terminal region. In early ring stages RAMA is found in association with the parasitophorous vacuole.
Pharmacological researches on 2-(7'-theophyllinemethyl)1,3-dioxolane. (1981)

The main pharmacological activities of 2-(7'theophyllinemethyl)-1,3-dioxolane (ABC 12/3), a new theophyllinic derivative, were studied. This compound was shown to possess an extremely high anti-bronchospastic activity in vitro and in vivo, its effectiveness being much greater than that of theophylline; and it also showed a strong activity as an antitussive on experimental cough induced by citric acid or histamine aerosol. However the compound showed little activity on the intestinal smooth muscle, the cardiovascular and the central nervous systems. The acute toxicity of ABC 12/3 is rather low and therefore it should be possible to utilize it for therapeutic purposes in tracheobronchial diseases.
Fiber Optic Monitoring in Openhole Gravel Pack Completions (2002)

Abstract Fiber optic technology for real-time monitoring of down-hole well conditions is advancing rapidly in the oilfield. Discrete fiber optic sensors or fiber optic for distributed temperature measurements are relatively easy to deploy in conjunction with the production tubing string. Incorporating fiber optics into a gravel pack assembly is considerably more complex and requires several specialized equipment components. A method to mount the fiber optic conduit to the screen and protect the conduit during screen deployment, gravel packing and production is required. A sand control packer with feed- throughs for the conduit and compatible with crossover tool gravel placement methods is also required. Finally, a method to reconnect the production tubing to the gravel pack packer and establish a continuous fiber optic conduit from the surface to the end of the screen is needed. This paper describes the development and application of a gravel packing system that incorporates a conduit for fiber optics. The primary components of the system and lessons learned from a full- scale stack-up test are discussed. Technology gaps relating to fiber optic deployment tools and techniques are outlined.
FAQIH: Framework for Agent-Based Query-Enabled Integrated Information for Health and Nutrition (2008)

As the processes of urbanization and globalization continue to gain momentum, issues relating to interdependencies among water, food, nutrition and public health policy have increased in complexity and scope. Thus, it is no longer sufficient for subject-matter experts to develop models for each of their underlying domains of expertise (e.g., nutrition, healthcare, and land and water management) independently. Both expert stakeholders and ordinary citizens would benefit from reliable and continually up-to-date models on which to base their decisions. In this preliminary overview paper, the authors propose to develop a Framework for Agent-based Query-Enabled Integrated Information for Health and Nutrition (FAQIH) to support healthcare professionals, policy makers, and citizens to obtain the knowledge they seek.
A Bidirectional Acid-Base Charging Model for Triboelectrification: part 1. Theory (2006)

A model for charging of insulative materials has been developed which quantitatively links the surface chemistry of materials to their work functions, and to the triboelectric charge exchange charge in two-component developers. The proposed model fits within the standard high-density of states model for charging, but proposes bidirectional electron transfer from basic sites on one contacting material to acidic sites on the second contacting material, and equally, from the basic sites on the second material to acidic sites on the first. The result is an "effective" work function for the material surface, the average of the work functions of the surface acidic and basis sites. This model predicts that both surface work functions and negative toner charge increase linearly with the logarithm of the ratio of the toner acid/base constants, Ka/Kb, which can be experimentally measured by inverse gas chromatography. Charge exchange is zero when the toner and carrier acid-to-base constants are identical. The model implies that an insulator's surface Lewis base and acid functional groups are responsible for triboelectric charge exchange. The model can also be applied to insulator to metal charge exchange.
Shared Mutations in NR2E3 in Enhanced S-cone Syndrome, Goldmann-Favre Syndrome, and Many Cases of Clumped Pigmentary Retinal Degeneration (2003)

We found that ESCS, GFS, and CPRD can all have the same genetic basis. Clinical Relevance The combination of night blindness, hyperopia, and clumped retinal pigment deposits should raise the suspicion that a patient has NR2E3 disease.
Rat C6 glioma cell motility and glioma growth are regulated by netrin and netrin receptors unc5B and DCC (2013)

Introduction Malignant gliomas are primary brain tumors characterized by rapid and invasive growth that progress to highly aggressive glioblastoma multiform (GBM) [1,2]. Their diffuse and infiltrative growth throughout the brain parenchyma makes these tumors difficult to manage by surgery and chemotherapy. An important therapeutic aim is to understand the molecular mechanism
Design and characterization of a simplified planar 16×8 RF MEMS switch matrix for a GEO-stationary data relay (2012)

This paper presents the design and measurements of a simplified design approach for a 16 × 8 switch matrix based on Radio Frequency Microelectromechanical System (RF MEMS) switches. The operational frequency range is between 25.5 GHz and 26.5 GHz for data links between a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) relay satellite and several Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. The switch matrix implements a key functionality for tracking the incident signals of the LEO satellites on the receive feed antenna array of the GEO satellite's reflector antenna. A maximum insertion loss of 8.5 dB, isolation of higher than 45 dB and a minimum return loss of 18 dB have been measured.
Analysis of the catalytic domain of phosphotransferase activity of two avian sarcoma virus-transforming proteins. (1984)

Proteolytic digestion of the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus (pp60src) with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or thermolysin generated a 29,000-dalton fragment representing the carboxyl half of this molecule. This proteolytic fragment was able to phosphorylate pp60src-specific immunoglobulin as well as exogenous substrates such as angiotensin, casein, and tubulin. When quantitated on a molar basis, the protease-resistant fragment of pp60src had a greater specific activity than the intact enzyme. Digestion of pp90yes, the transforming protein of Y73 sarcoma virus with these proteases yielded a peptide of similar molecular weight which was capable of autophosphorylation as well as the phosphorylation of exogenous substrates. The proteolytic fragments of both pp60src and pp90yes displayed the same strict specificity for phosphorylation of tyrosine as the intact enzymes. These results indicate that the 29,000-dalton carboxyl end of pp60src and pp90yes can function independently as phosphotransferases and indicate that the catalytic domains of these molecules have a conformation which confers protection against limited conditions of proteolysis.
Influence of oral ß‐alanine and L‐histidine supplementation on the carnosine content of the gluteus medius (1999)

The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that in vivo carnosine biosynthesis is dependent upon endogenous beta-alanine availability, by studying the effect of sustained dietary beta-alanine supplementation in the horse on the carnosine concentration in types I, IIA and IIB skeletal muscle fibres. The diets of 6 Thoroughbred horses were supplemented 3 times/day with beta-alanine (100 mg/kg bwt) and L-histidine (12.5 mg/kg bwt) for a period of 30 days. Percutaneous biopsies of the m. gluteus medius from a depth of 6 cm were taken on the days immediately before and after the supplementation period. Heparinised blood samples were collected at hourly intervals on the first and last days of supplementation, and on every sixth day during the supplementation period, 2 h after each ration. Individual muscle fibres were dissected from freeze-dried biopsies, weighed and characterised histochemically. beta-alanine, histidine and carnosine concentrations were measured in plasma. The areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) for beta-alanine and histidine were calculated as indicators of the doses absorbed. Carnosine concentrations were measured in types I, IIA and IIB muscle fibres. There was an adaptive response to sustained beta-alanine administration resulting in mean +/- s.d. beta-alanine AUC increasing significantly from 1130 +/- 612 mumol/l h (Day 1) to 2490 +/- 1416 mumol/l h (Day 30) (P < 0.05). This was probably due to increased beta-amino acid transport across the gastrointestinal lumen. There was no consistent increase in histidine AUC between Days 1 and 30, (mean +/- s.d. values being 757 +/- 447 mumol/l h Day 1[ and 1162 +/- 1084 mumol/l h Day 30[ P > 0.05[). Type IIA fibre carnosine concentrations increased from 59.9-102.6 to 76.2-112.2 mmol/kg dry weight (dw). Increases were statistically significant in 2 of the 6 horses (P < 0.05 in both instances). Type IIB fibre carnosine concentrations increased from 101.3-131.2 to 114.3-153.3 mmol/kg dw. Increases were statistically significant in 5 of the 6 horses (P < 0.05 in 3 horses, P < 0.01 in 1 horse, P < 0.005 in 1 horse). Changes in muscle carnosine concentration appeared to be influenced by beta-alanine bioavailability. Individual increases in muscle carnosine concentration were significantly correlated with individual changes in beta-alanine AUC (r2 = 0.973, P < 0.005). Increased muscle carnosine concentrations lead to increased intramuscular hydrogen ion (H+) buffering capacity.
TNF and IL-1 exhibit distinct ubiquitin requirements for inducing NEMO–IKK supramolecular structures (2014)

Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) essential modulator (NEMO), a regulatory component of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, controls NF-κB activation through its interaction with ubiquitin chains. We show here that stimulation with interleukin-1 (IL-1) and TNF induces a rapid and transient recruitment of NEMO into punctate structures that are anchored at the cell periphery. These structures are enriched in activated IKK kinases and ubiquitinated NEMO molecules, which suggests that they serve as organizing centers for the activation of NF-κB. These NEMO-containing structures colocalize with activated TNF receptors but not with activated IL-1 receptors. We investigated the involvement of nondegradative ubiquitination in the formation of these structures, using cells deficient in K63 ubiquitin chains or linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC)-mediated linear ubiquitination. Our results indicate that, unlike TNF, IL-1 requires K63-linked and linear ubiquitin chains to recruit NEMO into higher-order complexes. Thus, different mechanisms are involved in the recruitment of NEMO into supramolecular complexes, which appear to be essential for NF-κB activation.
Targeted Interception of Signaling Reactive Oxygen Species in the Vascular Endothelium (2012)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated as injurious and as signaling agents in human maladies including inflammation, hyperoxia, ischemia-reperfusion and acute lung injury. ROS produced by the endothelium play an important role in vascular pathology. They quench, for example, nitric oxide, and mediate pro-inflammatory signaling. Antioxidant interventions targeted for the vascular endothelium may help to control these mechanisms. Animal studies have demonstrated superiority of targeting ROS-quenching enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase to endothelial cells over nontargeted formulations. A diverse arsenal of targeted antioxidant formulations devised in the last decade shows promising results for specific quenching of endothelial ROS. In addition to alleviation of toxic effects of excessive ROS, these targeted interventions suppress pro-inflammatory mechanisms, including endothelial cytokine activation and barrier disruption. These interventions may prove useful in experimental biomedicine and, perhaps, in translational medicine.
THE DEMETHYLATION OF SUGARS WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (1961)

Demethylation of methylated sugars can be achieved using hydrogen peroxide and ferrous iron (Fenton's reagent). The reaction is not specific and further oxidation of the sugar also occurs. The preparation of 3,4-di-O-methyl-D-mannose from the corresponding mannitol derivative is described. Mono-O-methyl derivatives of D-mannose and of D-mannitol as well as D-mannose and D-mannitol were also produced. The course of the demethylation of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl methyl α-D-glucoside by Fenton's reagent has been examined.