gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient simulation of interconnection networks (1993)

This thesis presents a modular, general-purpose interconnection network simulator called NETSIM developed as an extension to YACSIM, a C-language based process-oriented discrete event simulator. NETSIM is capable of simulating a wide range of switch architectures and network topologies. A NETSIM model can be simulated in a stand-alone mode with the network traffic generated by stochastic processes, or it can be used as an integral part of PARCSIM in an execution-driven simulation environment. This work emphasizes simulating complex switching schemes like wormhole routing efficiently. A detailed model for wormhole routing is implemented using two different techniques, and their relative advantages are evaluated. The thesis also presents four approximate models for simulating wormhole routing and evaluates the tradeoff between speedup and the accuracy of the approximate models. This thesis also develops a validation model for the iPSC/860 interconnection network using the NETSIM primitives, and evaluates the accuracy of the model in predicting the message latencies for the iPSC/860 system.
Mechanism and Reduction of Interlayer Peeling Defect in IGZO TFTs Formation (2020)

32in full high definition display devices based on back-channel etch IGZO TFTs were prepared. The mechanism of interlayer peeling defect in IGZO TFTs formation was studied. It turns out that the passivation layer was peeling with the underlying source electrode, which caused an interruption in signal transmission. Relevant process improvements were implemented, and the interlayer peeling defect in IGZO TFTs was solved.
Long-time reliable direct bonding of silver flake paste on Al substrate for power electronic die-attachment (2022)

Silver paste is supposed to be a most prospective die-attach material for power electronics. While, the bonding of silver paste with aluminum substrate cannot be easily achieved due to the native oxidation of aluminum. This work provides a direct bonding of aluminum with silver micro flake-based paste under 250℃ with a shear strength of 15 MPa with a propriate surface treatment method of aluminum, and the shear strength even keeps higher than 15 MPa after storing at 250℃for 1000 h. The bonding mechanism was elucidated with high resolution transmission electron microcopy. The results indicate a new route for the wide application of Al based substrate in power electronic with low cost.
Control of electrode depth in electroslag remelting (2023)

A method of and apparatus for controlling an electroslag remelting furnace by driving the electrode at a nominal speed based upon melting rate and geometry while making minor proportional adjustments based on a measured metric of the electrode immersion depth. Electrode drive speed is increased if a measured metric of electrode immersion depth differs from a set point by a predetermined amount, indicating that the tip is too close to the surface of a slag pool. Impedance spikes are monitored to adjust the set point for the metric of electrode immersion depth based upon one or more properties of the impedance spikes.
<i>In Vitro</i> Attachment of Bovine Hatched Blastocysts on Fibronectin is Mediated by Integrin in a RGD Dependent Manner (2005)

We investigated the effect of extracellular matrix protein on in vitro attachment and outgrowth of bovine hatched blastocysts. In vitro produced bovine hatched blastocysts were cultured on a fibronectin- or laminin-coated Petri dishes. Hatched blastocysts adhered and outgrew on the fibronectin-coated dish whereas no attachment was observed on the laminin-coated dish. The attachment and outgrowth on fibronectin were significantly inhibited in the presence of synthetic peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence, which interacts with the fibronectin receptor (integrin alpha5beta1), but were not inhibited by the control peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Glu (RGE) sequence. Addition of anti-fibronectin receptor (integrin alpha5beta1) antibody to the culture medium also inhibited the attachment and outgrowth on fibronectin-coated Petri dishes. Subsequently we examined mRNA expression and protein expression of alpha5 and beta1 integrin subunit in the hatched blastocyst by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunostaining, respectively. Expression of both mRNA and protein were detected in blastocysts. These results indicate that trophectoderm cells of bovine hatched blastocysts have already acquired the ability to adhere and outgrow on fibronectin in vitro by an integrin- mediated manner.
Relationship between Golf Club Conditions and Ball Rebound Using a Finite Element Analysis(Mechanical Systems) (2010)

The objective of this study was to grasp the relationship between golf club conditions and the rebound of a ball, and to investigate the factor of the relationship using a finite element (FE) analysis on a ball colliding with a simplified club. The clubs were constructed by holding simplified clubheads in a locking ring fitted onto a steel shaft. The clubheads were designed with reference to the mass, volume and position of centre of gravity of commercially available clubheads. FE models with linear elasticity of the clubs were constructed. The FE model of the ball consisted of 8-node solid elements, and the material model was expressed as a hyperelastic/viscoelastic model. Impact experiments were also conducted for comparison to confirm the accuracy of the FE models. The results of impact simulations closely matched the experimental results. The ball rebound was analysed using the constructed models by varying Young's modulus of the shaft and an added mass attached to the shaft. The effect for the rebound velocity tended to be small, and the rebound angle and spin rate were affected by the impact force of direction parallel to the axis of shaft which depended upon Young's modulus and the weight and position of the added mass.
Hormone Regulation of Glucose Metabolism in the Genetically Obese-Diabetic Mouse (db/db): Glucose Metabolism in the Perfused Hindquarters of Lean and Obese Mice (1981)

Glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle of genetically obese-diabetic mice (db/db) 5-6 wk of age (an early stage of the diabetes-obesityc syndrome) were examined using an in situ perfused hindquarter preparation. Rates of glucose uptake, 14CO2 production from (U-14C) glucose, and lactate production from glucose were all lower in muscles from dbldb mice than those from their lean littermates. Lactate production in muscle perfused without exogenous glucose was similar in both lean and obese mouse hindquarters. Likewise, epinephrine, which activated phosphorylase equally in both lean and obese mouse muscle, also elevated the tissue glucose-6-phosphate level and lactate production from endogenous source(s) to a similar degree in the two preparations. However, epinephrine was less effective In stimulating glucose uptake in the db/db mouse preparation. Glucose uptake was lower in the obese mouse hindquarter at all insulin concentrations tested (0-1000 μU/ml). The half-maximally effective dose of insulin (50 μU/ml) remained unaltered, however, indicating a decrease in insulin responsiveness rather than sensitivity. Both basal and insulin (1 mU/ml)-stimulated (3H)-D-allose uptake In the dbldb mouse hindquarter were below normal. No difference in assayed hexokinase activity was observed. Muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase and glycogen synthase activities were elevated by insulin (1 mU/ml) to a similar extent in both lean and obese mice. These findings suggest that at an early phase of development when obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia are moderate, a defect in glucose transport plays a major role in the “insulin resistance” of the skeletal muscles of dbldb mice.
Fabrication and Josephson behavior of high-T c superconductor-normal-superconductor microbridges (1983)

We describe a simple new technique for fabricating superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) microbridges that allows the use of high-Tc materials. We have used this technique to make the first high-Tc SNS microbridges, incorporating Nb3Ge, Nb3Sn, and Nb as the superconductor, and Cu and Au as the normal metal. These devices have a Tc up to 19 K and exhibit very good electrical characteristics over a wide range of temperatures. Both the dc and the ac Josephson effects are clearly displayed by these junctions.
13-NMR Analysis of Branched Polyethyleneimine (1985)

Abstract A commercial, branched polyethyleneimine was analyzed by 13C-NMR. The chemical shift assignments for the eight principal peaks were compared to the calculated chemical shifts using an additivity relationship developed for low molecular weight acyclic aliphatic amines. The change in carbon chemical shift induced by H/D exchange at nearby nitrogens was examined for this polymer and low molecular weight model compounds. The direction and magnitude of the shift are determined by the number and proximity of exchangeable NH' and are described by a simple formula. The spin lattice relaxation times for the various methylenes indicate the usual decreasing mobility for units at chain ends, internal units, and units close to branch points in that order. The integrated spectrum, under equilibrium conditions, is not consistent with the reorted amine distribution, 1°:2°:3° = 1:2:1. Our results indicate 38k l°, 36% 2°, and 26% 3°.
Effects of Fiesta on Broadleaf Weeds and Turf Quality (2019)

Interest in eco-friendly, or green herbicides, has grown recently. Some homeowners are looking for alternative products they feel are safer for the environment. Eco-friendly herbicides commonly use organic oils or minerals that dissipate faster than traditional herbicides, which decreases the restriction period of the herbicide. These organic herbicides are contact herbicides and often require multiple applications for effective weed control. The objective of this study was to determine what application rates and frequency of applications allowed for similar weed control compared with a conventional herbicide.
High quality factor photonic crystal nanobeam cavities (2009)

We investigate the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of high quality factor photonic crystal nanobeam cavities in silicon. Using a five-hole tapered one-dimensional photonic crystal mirror and precise control of the cavity length, we designed cavities with theoretical quality factors as high as 1.4×107. By detecting the cross-polarized resonantly scattered light from a normally incident laser beam, we measure a quality factor of nearly 7.5×105. The effect of cavity size on mode frequency and quality factor was simulated and then verified experimentally.
Interaction between intakes of B vitamins and NSAID use on risk of colorectal adenoma (2007)

857 Introduction: Inflammation plays a major role in colorectal cancer. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to reduce risk of colorectal cancer. Inflammation has also been linked to one-carbon metabolism; deficiencies of vitamins B6 and B12 are associated with inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Similarly, ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory condition that predisposes to colorectal cancer, can be ameliorated through folate supplementation. We hypothesized that the risk reduction associated with regular NSAID use may be stronger among those with lower folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 compared to those with higher intakes. Methods: In a Minnesota-based case-control study of adenomas (n=517) vs. polyp-free controls (n=618), we investigated the role of intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 (in tertiles of daily intake) in conjunction with regular aspirin or other NSAID use (at least once per week for one year) on risk of colorectal polyps. Multiple logistic regression was used, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, caloric intake, alcohol intake, fiber intake, hormone use, smoking, and intakes of the respective other one-carbon metabolism nutrients. Results: When stratified by regular, current use of aspirin or other NSAIDs, increasing intakes of vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 were found to be inversely associated with adenoma risk only among non-users. Among regular NSAID users, no differences in adenoma risk with increasing intakes of vitamin B6 or B12 were observed (Table). For folate, the risk reduction associated with regular NSAID use was attenuated as intake increased; among NSAID non-users, there was no risk reduction as folate intake increased. The interaction was statistically significant for vitamin B12 (p=0.01) and suggestive for folate (p=0.09). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the suppression of inflammatory processes by NSAIDs may reduce the requirement for nutrients relevant to DNA synthesis.
Effects of Pinealectomy and Short Day Lengths on Reproduction and Neuronal RFRP-3, Kisspeptin, and GnRH in Female Turkish Hamsters (2014)

Long days (LDs) stimulate and short days (SDs) inhibit reproduction in photoperiodic rodents by modifying nocturnal pineal melatonin secretion. In LD Turkish hamsters, unlike other rodents, pinealectomy induces reproductive quiescence comparable to that produced by SDs. We assessed whether SDs and pinealectomy induce similar or different patterns of kisspeptin and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (also known as RFamide-related peptide-3 [RFRP-3] in mammals) expression, important mediators of seasonal reproductive changes in other species. Brains were harvested from sham-operated female Turkish hamsters maintained in LDs and SDs and LD-pinealectomized (pinx) females, all housed in their respective photoperiods for 12 weeks. Uterine weights were substantially higher in LD-sham than in LD-pinx and SD-sham females. RFRP-3-immunoreactive(-ir) cells in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus were greater in number and size in the reproductively competent LD-sham hamsters than in both reproductively suppressed SD-sham and LD-pinx hamsters. LD-sham hamsters had more kisspeptin-ir cells in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus than did LD-pinx hamsters. Reproductive quiescence, whether induced by short-day lengths or pinealectomy, was generally accompanied by comparable changes in RFRP-3 and kisspeptin, suggesting that long-duration melatonin signaling and withdrawal of melatonin by pinealectomy may act through the same neural substrates to induce gonadal quiescence.
Cyclophosphamide plus 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) with or withoutcorynebacterium parvum in metastatic malignant melanoma (1979)

One hundred twenty patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were randomized to receive either cyclophosphamide, 600 mg/m2 IV, on day 1 plus DTIC 200 mg/m2 IV days 1 through 5, or the same chemotherapy plus C. parvum 5 mg/m2 IV on day 8 and day 15. Therapy was repeated every 21 days. Although responses were observed in 13.8% of patients on cyclophosphamide plus DTIC versus 25.5% of patients on cyclophosphamide plus DTIC plus C. parvum, the median duration of remission was 15.6 weeks on chemotherapy and 13.0 weeks on chemotherapy plus C. parvum. Furthermore, survival was similar on both regimens (6.1 months versus 5.7 months, respectively). Favorable prognostic factors included metastatic disease confined to skin or lymph nodes (33% responses), performance status greater than 70% (24% response rate), and administration of three or more courses of chemotherapy (31% response rate). The dose limiting toxicity was myelosuppression, which was equal on both regimens. Chills and fever were common in response to C. parvum, and, rarely hypotension, cyanosis, or immune nephritis was observed. The addition of C. parvum to chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide plus DTIC is not recommended.
[Study on Accurately Controlling Discharge Energy Method Used in External Defibrillator]. (2016)

This paper introduces a new method which controls discharge energy accurately. It is achieved by calculating target voltage based on transthoracic impedance and accurately controlling charging voltage and discharge pulse width. A new defibrillator is designed and programmed using this method. The test results show that this method is valid and applicable to all kinds of external defibrillators.
Clustering Weather Time Series used for Agricultural Disease Alert Systems in Florida (2023)

Meteorological observations are widely used as input for disease alert systems in agriculture. In Florida, USA, the AgroClimate Advisory Systems provide disease alerts to growers of various crops, including strawberries, blueberries, and citrus. Data observed in weather stations belonging to FAWN (Florida Automated Weather Network) are used to simulate disease risk, and growers are notified when environmental conditions are favorable for infection, helping them decide when to spray for prevention. However, observation problems in weather stations, such as sensor or communication failures, can compromise the reliability of these applications, which unfortunately are common in this context. Thus, this work explores the clustering of temperature and relative humidity data, in time series format, as a way to monitor the quality of the information provided by two plant disease alert systems. An approach based on clustering was used to group Florida weather stations according to their microclimate characteristics. The elbow and silhouette methods were used to help find the optimal number of clusters, found to be 3. The K-Means algorithm was used with multivariate time series to group the weather stations. Then, an improvement was proposed to flag suspicious observations and early identify inconsistent measurements, increasing the reliability of the system.
Identification of pathogenic yeasts of the imperfect genus Candida by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting (1997)

With the increase in the number of immunocompromised hosts, the number of fungal pathogens has increased markedly. Identification and classification, especially of yeast species and strains, is often difficult when based solely on phenotypic characteristics. Since it became clear that different fungal pathogens require specific treatment strategies, there is a need for simple, rapid and reliable methods to identify fungal isolates. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting was successfully applied here to identify yeast isolates. Microsatellite [(GTG)5; (GACA)4] and minisatellite [(5'GAGGGTGGCGGTTCT 3'), derived from the core-sequence of the phage M13] specific primers were used as single primers in the PCR to amplify hypervariable interrepeat DNA sequences from over 200 European, American and Australian clinical isolates within the genus Candida. Each species, represented by its type strain, could be identified by a specific multilocus pattern, allowing for the assignment of all the isolates to the appropriate species. Intra-species variation in the multilocus profiles was about 20% compared to inter-species variation, which was up to 80%. Anamorph-teleomorph pairs could be identified by highly homologous PCR fingerprint patterns. PCR fingerprinting was more discriminatory when compared with routinely used biochemical tests (Vitek YBC and API ID 32C). PCR fingerprinting has proven to be a powerful tool for the identification of medically important yeasts. It is rapid, sensitive, reliable, highly reproducible, stable in vitro and in vivo, and applicable to large scale experiments. Potential applications include: yeast taxonomy, epidemiology, environmental surveys, and improvement of the diagnosis of mycotic diseases.
Cheap Food and Farm Subsidies: Policy Impacts of a Mythical Connection (2015)

Until recently, U.S. corn exports destined for Canada faced a $1.65- per-bushel tax. This tax, or import tariff, was Canada’s response to claims made by Canadian corn farmers that they are the victims of subsidized and dumped U.S. corn. The Canadian International Trade Tribunal just ruled against the import tariff.
On future traffic control: Advanced systems hardware (1980)

Four advanced system concepts are critiqued: automatic vehicle identification, automatic vehicle monitoring, automatic route guidance, and the automatic highway. Each concept is defined, its potential applications are delineated, an overview of the state of the relevant technology given (and shortcomings noted), and the prospects for future deployments are considered. In addition, an extensive reference list is included.
PANCH MAHÁLS (2012)

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Living supramolecular polymerization (2015)

Greater control is achieved over the chain growth and properties of dynamic materials
Conservative Design Optimization of Laminated Composite Structures Using Genetic Algorithms and Multiple Failure Criteria (2009)

This article analyzes the effect of devising a new failure envelope by the combination of the most commonly used failure criteria for the composite laminates, on the design of composite structures. The failure criteria considered for the study are maximum stress and Tsai—Wu criteria. In addition to these popular phenomenological-based failure criteria, a micromechanics-based failure criterion called failure mechanism-based failure criterion is also considered. The failure envelopes obtained by these failure criteria are superimposed over one another and a new failure envelope is constructed based on the lowest absolute values of the strengths predicted by these failure criteria. Thus, the new failure envelope so obtained is named as most conservative failure envelope. A minimum weight design of composite laminates is performed using genetic algorithms. In addition to this, the effect of stacking sequence on the minimum weight of the laminate is also studied. Results are compared for the different failure envelopes and the conservative design is evaluated, with respect to the designs obtained by using only one failure criteria. The design approach is recommended for structures where composites are the key load-carrying members such as helicopter rotor blades.
Synthèse de nouveaux alkyl‐2 et ‐3 tétrahydrofurannes et ‐pyrannes (1979)

Abstract De nouveaux alkyl‐2 et ‐3 tétrahydrofurannes et ‐pyrannes possédant ou non une ramification sur le carbone 1 de la chaǐne latérale sont synthétisés et décrits. Les préparations proposées sont généralisables. Parmi les composes connus de ce type, très rares sont ceux dont le carbone 1 de la chame latérale est tertiaire ou quaternaire.
Click Chemistry: Copper Clusters Catalyse the Cycloaddition of Azides with Terminal Alkynes (2005)

Abstract Air‐stable copper nanoclusters are good catalysts in the Cu(I)‐catalysed “click” cycloaddition of azides with terminal alkynes to give 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles. No additional base or reducing agent is required. The reaction kinetics using various copper catalyst types and the function of copper particles in this system are studied and discussed.
Evaluation of quartz dry etching profile for the PSM lithography performance (2011)

The phase shift mask (PSM) is one of the most effective approaches to improve ArF lithography performance. Recently, the quartz dry etching technology plays an important role to fabricate the PSM, such as space bias type Alternating (Alt.) PSM and chrome-less phase lithography (CPL ) mask. The quartz etching profiles seems to be affected the lithography performance. In this paper, preliminary, we evaluate the nominal influences of quartz profile by rigorous electromagnetic field simulation. Then influence of the quartz profile is investigated by measuring the real masks. In this experiment, we intentionally fabricate Alt. PSM and CPL masks with the tapered side-wall and deeper micro-trench. Lithography performances of the real masks are measured by the aerial image measurement system (AIMS fab193). We compare the result of AIMS with simulation. We investigate the AIMS measurement well corresponds to the simulation. Side-wall angle and corner rounding strongly affect the lithography performance. However, micro-trench doesn 't affect a lot.