gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cutting Edge Preparation by Means of Abrasive Brushing (2010)

The need for new cutting tool technologies is driven by the constantly increasing performance of machine tools and the rising market competition. Current research results show that an improved combination of the cutting edge macro- and microgeometry, together with an appropriate substrate and coating, leads to a significant enhancement of cutting tool performance. Furthermore, inappropriate cutting edge microgeometries cause, in addition to the higher production costs, a reduction of the tool life. Hence, it is essential to produce tailored cutting edge microgeometries with high precision and process reliability. This paper presents the influence of brushing process parameters on the size and the form of produced cutting edges of indexable inserts. This leads to a better understanding and higher quality of the cutting edge preparation process by means of abrasive brushes. Furthermore, the process reliability of 5-axes brushing is analyzed. An example of a tool life map presents the significantly enhanced tool performance through cutting edge preparation and its sensitivity towards varying the cutting edge microgeometry.
Seroconversion a New Way to Determine (1998)

Inexpensive, noninvasive methods are needed to replace gastric biopsy and urea breath tests in detecting Helicobacter pylori infection and its cure.
Nanocarriers: A General Strategy for Enhancement of Oral Bioavailability of Poorly Absorbed or Pre-Systemically Metabolized Drugs (2010)

Oral delivery remains the preferred route for chronic drug administration thanks to its patient convenience and compliance. However, many drug candidates are unsuitable for conventional oral formulations due to low solubility, poor membrane permeability, or extensive pre-systemic metabolism. This review describes a promising strategy that incorporates or encapsulates the molecules with biodegradable and biocompatible nanoparticulate carriers. The entrapped drug substances can be protected against degradation by gastrointestinal fluids, while drug absorption through the gastrointestinal epithelium or lymphatic transport can be enhanced. Possible mechanisms for transport of these nanocarriers across gastrointestinal mucosa are introduced that focus on effects of size and surface properties of the nanocarriers on the non-specific or targeted uptake by enterocytes and/or M cells. Applications of various oral nanocarrier formulations, such as lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions and chitosan nanoparticles, are reviewed. Nanoparticulate drug carriers show great potential for improving the bioavailability of orally administered drugs.
Technology Focus: Unconventional Resources (July 2010) (2010)

Technology Focus “Unconventionals” is a very trendy word indeed. But what is so unconventional about unconventional oil and gas resources? Heavy-oil exploitation is widely commercialized; whether by mining of the oil sands and oil shales or by in-situ steaming or combusting processes that bring extra-heavy oil to the surface. Yet we say that such oil is unconventional. Research and pilot operations continue in an effort to increase recovery and decrease costs. When “cheap and easy oil” becomes scarce, should we then refer to these recovery techniques as “advanced,” “complex,” or “difficult” recovery rather than the exploitation of “unconventional” oil? The same could be said for shale gas. A few years ago, such gas was said to be unconventional. However, continued research and recent exploitation with multifracs from horizontal wells have led us to think differently. Already, shale gas appears to be more conventional than coalbed methane. With the ever-increasing need for natural gas as a clean fuel, the importance of producing more gas is growing. Not all “unconventional” gas is equal: Each type is at a different stage of exploitation. While waiting to find out about the effect of renewable energies on our society, gas remains the leading fuel of choice, whether it is natural or a product of gasification of coal or biomass. So, where do we look next? Previous centuries all favored a particular source of energy: The 19th century focused on coal because it had no other alternative, and the 20th century was mainly oil-centered. In the 21st century, we must turn wisely to the resources we have. There is no doubt that we will have to use a diversity of energy sources adapted to our needs: oil, gas, nuclear, and renewable energies will all find their share. I expect that our energy industry will expand unconventional-resources development and at the same time advance the growth of nonrenewable sources of energy. This action will guide our strategies for future energy needs. Let us prepare for the future. Unconventional Resources additional reading available at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org SPE 125525 • “The Geomechanics of a Shale Play: What Makes a Shale Prospective!” by Larry K. Britt, Britt Rock Mechanics Laboratory, et al. SPE 129085 • “A Thermal Gas-Production System From Methane-Hydrate Layers by Hot-Water Injection” by K. Sasaki, SPE, Kyushu University, et al. SPE 125419 • “Successful Strategies for Dewatering Wells Using ESPs” by Lonnie Bassett, Borets-Weatherford OTC 20644 • “Ocean Thermal-Energy Conversion: Strategies for System Integration and Implementation Using Commercially Available Components and Technology” by J.A. Marti, Offshore Infrastructure Associates, et al.
Reconditioning inverse problems using the genetic algorithm and revised parameterization (1997)

Abstract The better conditioned an inverse problem is the more independent pieces of information may be transferred from the data to the model solution, and the less independent prior information must be added to resolve trade offs. We present a practical measure of conditioning that may be calculated swiftly even for large inverse problems. By minimizing this measure, a genetic algorithm can be used to find a model parameterization that gives the best conditioned inverse problem. We illustrate the method by finding an optimal, irregular cell parameterization for a cross-borehole tomographic example with a given source-receiver geometry. Using the final parameterization, the inverse problem is almost a factor of three better conditioned than that using an average random parameterization. In addition, this method requires little additional programming when solving a linearized inverse problem. Hence, the improvement in conditioning and corresponding increase in independent information available for the model solution essentially come for free.
A type III complement factor D deficiency: Structural insights for inhibition of the alternative pathway (2018)

Abstract Background: Complement factor D (FD) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the alternative complement pathway. Previous reports of FD deficiency featured absent plasma FD (type I deficiency) and susceptibility to meningococcal infection. A new FD mutant, which is non-functional but fully expressed, was identified in a patient with invasive meningococcal disease. Objectives: We sought to investigate the molecular features of this novel FD mutant. Methods: We performed complement haemolytic assays, western blot analysis of serum FD and Sanger sequencing of the CFD gene. Recombinant mutant FD was assessed by in vitro catalytic assays, circular dichroism, thermal shift assays, esterolytic assays and surface plasmon resonance. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to visualise the structural changes in mutant FD. Results: A homozygous single-nucleotide variation of the CFD gene in the patient and their sibling resulted in an arginine to proline (R176P) substitution in FD. While R176P FD was stable and fully expressed in blood, it had minimal catalytic activity. Mutation R176P caused key FD-C3bB binding exosite loop 156-162 to lose its binding-competent conformation and stabilised the inactive conformation of FD. Consequently, R176P FD was unable to bind its natural substrate, C3bB. Neither patient nor sibling demonstrated the glucose homeostasis impairment that occurs in FD-null mice. Conclusions: Here, we report the first genetically confirmed functional, or type III, deficiency of an activating complement serine protease. This novel mechanism of FD inhibition can inform further development of alternative pathway inhibitors to treat common inflammatory diseases such as age-related macular degeneration.
A V2 Neuron-Based Model for Salient Point Detection (2008)

We describe a salient point detection model that incorporates recent findings about the response properties of neurons in cortical area V2. It has been reported that certain V2 neurons encode combinations of orientations. The model reported here integrates this finding as the last stage of a hierarchical architecture modeled after the visual processing in mammalian brains. Our tests of this model on real images demonstrate its effectiveness in capturing the intuitive notion of saliency as well as its robustness against viewpoint changes.
Constituintes das sementes de Copaifera officinalis L. (2007)

O gênero Copaifera L. é um dos mais importantes economicamente na Região Amazônica devido, principalmente, à produção dos óleos de copaíba, oléo-resinas com diversas propriedades farmacológicas confirmadas. Apesar disso, os estudos fitoquímicos com as sementes das árvores do gênero Copaifera L.são raros. Copaifera officinalis foi a primeira espécie do gênero Copaifera a ser descrita. Este trabalho descreve a composição dos extratos obtidos em hexano e em acetato de etila das sementes de C. officinalis. No extrato obtido em hexano, a análise por cromatografia em fase gasosa utilizando padrões e através de espectrometria de massas permitiu a identificação de: esqualeno, tetradecano, hexadecano, campesterol, estigmasterol e beta-sitosterol; os ácidos graxos hexadecanóico, 9-octadecenóico e octadecanóico (majoritários); e decanóico, eicosanóico, docosanóico e tetracosanóico (minoritários). Cumarina foi isolada do extrato em acetato de etila e identificada por técnicas de RMN.
BER-Optimal Linear Parallel Interference Cancellation for Multicarrier DS-CDMA in Rayleigh Fading (2007)

In this paper, we consider the design and bit-error performance analysis of linear parallel interference cancellers (LPIC) for multicarrier (MC) direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems. We propose an LPIC scheme where we estimate and cancel the multiple access interference (MAI) based on the soft decision outputs on individual subcarriers, and the interference cancelled outputs on different subcarriers are combined to form the final decision statistic. We scale the MAI estimate on individual subcarriers by a weight before cancellation. In order to choose these weights optimally, we derive exact closed-form expressions for the bit-error rate (BER) at the output of different stages of the LPIC, which we minimize to obtain the optimum weights for the different stages. In addition, using an alternate approach involving the characteristic function of the decision variable, we derive BER expressions for the weighted LPIC scheme, matched filter (MF) detector, decorrelating detector, and minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector for the considered multicarrier DS-CDMA system. We show that the proposed BER-optimized weighted LPIC scheme performs better than the MF detector and the conventional LPIC scheme (where the weights are taken to be unity), and close to the decorrelating and MMSE detectors.
FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS ON HUMAN SKIN (1989)

Abstract In order to clarify the roles of lipids in the water-holding property of stratum corneum, the forearm skin of healthy male volunteers was treated with acetone/ether (1/1) or sodium dodecyl sulfate (5%) for 1-30 min. A prolonged treatment period of 5-30 min produced a chapped and scaly appearance of the stratum corneum without any inflammatory reactions. Under these conditions, there was a marked decrease in the water-holding capacity of the stratum corneum accompanied by a selective loss of stratum corneum lipids such as cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and sphingolipids. Two daily applications of the isolated stratum corneum lipids to experimentally induced dry skins caused a significant increase of conductance, accompanied by a marked improvement in the level of scaling. Meanwhile, the isolated sebaceous lipids exhibited no significant recovery in both the conductance value and the scaling. Out of chroma-tographically separated fractions of the stratum corneum lipids, topical applications of ceramide fraction induced the highest increase in the conductance value. Topical applications of synthesized pseudo-ceramides also showed a significant recovery of the water-retaining properties accompanied by an improvement in the scaling only when the polar group has an amide bond in the major linkage. Analysis of the alkyl chain structures has revealed that a structural requirement for the recovery of the water retaining capacity is the presence of saturated-straight alkyl chains, not unsaturated or branched alkyl chains. These structural characteristics required for water-retaining function also paralleled their capacity to form multiconcentric lamellae vesicles in vitro which is also capable of acquiring bound water as shown by DSC thermograms. The present study suggests that ceramides with relatively shorter alkyl chain length serve as a water modulator in the multi-lipid bilayers through the stratum corneum.
Pressure pulsations and fatigue loads in high head Francis turbines (2019)

The Norwegian power system today includes a relatively large percentage of Francis turbines with a head of above 300m, in the world. This leads to a need to maintain and develop the national competence regarding the challenges connected to this type of turbine. The importance of this competence is increased by the fact that these turbines have a high installed capacity and are therefore crucial to the production stability. In the later years the old runners in Norwegian high head power plants have begun to show signs of fatigue. Taking the average age of these runners, which is approaching 45 years, into account, this may not be surprising. The surprising fact is that the same signs of fatigue, and in some cases total breakdown due to cracks, also occur in new and modern Francis runners. This leads to a hypothesis that the problem stems from sources other than the turbine runners themselves. The suspected cause of this reduction in the expected lifetime is the change the pattern of turbine operation to accommodate new intermittent energy in the power system and progress in the manufacturing technology enabling thinner blades. As an example the Horizon2020 project HydroFLEX initialised by the European Union aim to produce technology that allows for 30 start-stops per day for Francis runner. A research project funded by the Norwegian Research Council and the Norwegian Hydro Power Industry, aim to increase the available knowledge regarding these high head Francis turbines. The research is done both on a basic and applied level where the focus is to increase the knowledge of the phenomena and to produce validation data for numerical simulations of said phenomena. The fundamental research focus on the hydrodynamic dampening applied on a hydrofoil within a high velocity water flow. The applied research is focused on the Francis-99 runner, a model runner of a High Head Francis turbine, which has been instrumented in order to study the Rotor-Stator-Interaction(RSI) and the structural response of the runner. The research areas both consist experimental and numerical studies, where the experimental results are used to validate the numerical. This paper presents the background of the project, the different activities and some preliminary results from selected activities. The aim of the paper is to introduce the project, participants and the participants view on the future of High Head Francis runners that do not crack due to RSI.
Regulatory T Cells in Cancer Biology: A Possible New Target for Biochemical Therapies (2006)

CD4+ CD25+ T cells are essential for maintenance of self-tolerance and therefore have been referred to as regulatory T cells (Treg). Experimental tumor models revealed that Treg are potent inhibitors of an anti-tumor immune response. Treg are expanded in human cancer. Currently, a variety of strategies for the induction of a specific anti-tumor immune response are tested in preclinical and clinical settings. Biochemical strategies modifying and/or depleting Treg in cancer patients for an enhancement of vaccine-based therapeutic concepts will be discussed in detail in this review.
Experimental and simulated analysis of texture evolution of TA15 titanium alloy sheet during hot tensile deformation at 750°C (2017)

In this paper, we have studied the mechanism of the texture evolution of TA15 sheets during hot tension along the rolling direction (RD) by both experiment and crystal plasticity simulation. Four main orientations in the undeformed TA15 sheets: A(0°, 90°, 30°), B(180°, 60°, 30°), C(45°, 30°, 0°) and D(90°, 150°, 30°) evolve by different ways. Orientations C and D transform into two new orientations: E(180°, 120°, 30°) and F(30°, 0°, 0°), respectively. However, orientations A and B keep relatively steady during hot tension. To understand this texture evolution during hot tension, a crystal plasticity finite element model (CPFEM) was developed. The activation of the basal slip system would rotate the <0001> orientation perpendicular to the tensile direction (RD). And the activated prismatic slip systems would rotate one of the [1010] orientations parallel to the tensile direction (RD). This rotation mechanism results in the transition of orientation C and D, while keeps the orientation of A and B steady.
Efficacy, safety, and cost of pomalidomide in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (2018)

The study demonstrated that pomalidomide-dexamethasone regimen has a long-term favorable safety-efficacy profile in RRMM patients. The survival benefit is substantial even in patients with stable disease.
Simple accurate approximations for the optical properties of metallic nanospheres and nanoshells (2013)

This work aims to provide simple and accurate closed-form approximations to predict the scattering and absorption spectra of metallic nanospheres and nanoshells supporting localised surface plasmon resonances. Particular attention is given to the validity and accuracy of these expressions in the range of nanoparticle sizes relevant to plasmonics, typically limited to around 100 nm in diameter. Using recent results on the rigorous radiative correction of electrostatic solutions, we propose a new set of long-wavelength polarizability approximations for both nanospheres and nanoshells. The improvement offered by these expressions is demonstrated with direct comparisons to other approximations previously obtained in the literature, and their absolute accuracy is tested against the exact Mie theory.
Safety of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review (1999)

Unfractionated heparin (UFH) remains the anticoagulant of choice during pregnancy. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) are an attractive alternative to UFH due to their logistic advantages and their association with a lower incidence of osteoporosis and HIT. We reviewed all published clinical reports concerning the use of LMWH during pregnancy. In addition, participants of an international interest group contributed a cohort of pregnant women treated with LMWH. Pregnancies were divided into two groups; those with and those without maternal comorbid conditions. The number of adverse fetal outcomes and the occurrence of maternal complications were evaluated in the two groups. In the group of women with comorbid conditions (n = 290), 13.4% of the pregnancies were associated with an adverse fetal outcome. In contrast, in the group of women without comorbid conditions (n = 196), 3.1% were associated with an adverse outcome, which is comparable to that seen in the normal population. We conclude that LMWH appear to be a safe alternative to unfractionated heparin as an anticoagulant during pregnancy.
Rescue of the Stargardt phenotype in Abca4 knockout mice through inhibition of vitamin A dimerization (2015)

Stargardt disease, an ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A, member 4 (ABCA4)-related retinopathy, is a genetic condition characterized by the accelerated accumulation of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium, degeneration of the neuroretina, and loss of vision. No approved treatment exists. Here, using a murine model of Stargardt disease, we show that the propensity of vitamin A to dimerize is responsible for triggering the formation of the majority of lipofuscin and transcriptional dysregulation of genes associated with inflammation. Data further demonstrate that replacing vitamin A with vitamin A deuterated at the carbon 20 position (C20-D3-vitamin A) impedes the dimerization rate of vitamin A--by approximately fivefold for the vitamin A dimer A2E--and subsequent lipofuscinogenesis and normalizes the aberrant transcription of complement genes without impairing retinal function. Phenotypic rescue by C20-D3-vitamin A was also observed noninvasively by quantitative autofluorescence, an imaging technique used clinically, in as little as 3 months after the initiation of treatment, whereas upon interruption of treatment, the age-related increase in autofluorescence resumed. Data suggest that C20-D3-vitamin A is a clinically amiable tool to inhibit vitamin A dimerization, which can be used to determine whether slowing the dimerization of vitamin A can prevent vision loss caused by Stargardt disease and other retinopathies associated with the accumulation of lipofuscin in the retina.
Corneal edema after Intacs implantation with the femtosecond laser (2008)

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 34(1):p 174, January 2008. | DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.09.015
PREFACE (2005)

"PREFACE." , 177(5-6), pp. 843–844 Additional informationNotes on contributorsNORBERT PETERS Special Issue Editors
Arl13b Promotes Gastric Tumorigenesis by Regulating Smo Trafficking and Activation of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway (2017)

Inhibitors of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway transducer Smoothened (Smo) have been approved for cancer treatment, but Smo mutations often lead to tumor resistance and it remains unclear how Smo is regulated. In this study, we identified the small GTPase Arl13b as a novel partner and regulator of Smo. Arl13b regulated Smo stability, trafficking, and localization, which are each crucial for Hh signaling. In gastric cancer cells, Arl13b stimulated proliferation, migration, and invasion <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> In clinical specimens of gastric cancer, Arl13b expression correlated strongly with tumor size and depth of invasion; patients with high levels of Arl13b had a poor prognosis. Our results show how Arl13b participates in Hh pathway activation in gastric cancer. <i>Cancer Res; 77(15); 4000-13. ©2017 AACR</i>.