gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro stimulation of fibroblast activity by factors generated from human monocytes activated by biomedical polymers (1989)

Biomedical polymers used in constructing implantable artificial devices may affect host responses to the material and ultimately contribute to the success or failure of a device via mechanisms of cell-polymer interactions. Human peripheral blood monocytes (MO) cultured in the presence of several such biomedical polymers released factors that stimulated fibroblast proliferation and/or collagen synthesis. The factors that stimulated fibroblast proliferation were differentially released from monocytes cultured in the presence of Dacron, polyethylene, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), polydimethylsiloxane, and polystyrene (control). Supernatants obtained from monocytes cultured in the presence of Biomer, a segmented polyetherurethane, were unable to stimulate fibroblast proliferation. However, supernatants from all cultures, including MO-Biomer cultures, were able to induce collagen production from the same target fibroblasts. These same supernatants also were shown to contain interleukin 1 (IL1) activity. Neutralization of the fibroblast stimulatory potential (FSP) activity with antibodies directed against human IL1 and human PDGF demonstrated that IL1 and not PDGF was responsible for the FSP activity. Results of this study show that by affecting macrophage activation, different biomedical polymers can affect host biocompatibility responses by altering fibroblast proliferation and function.
Ground states of stealthy hyperuniform potentials. II. Stacked-slider phases (2015)

Stealthy potentials, a family of long-range isotropic pair potentials, produce infinitely degenerate disordered ground states at high densities and crystalline ground states at low densities in d-dimensional Euclidean space R^{d}. In the previous paper in this series, we numerically studied the entropically favored ground states in the canonical ensemble in the zero-temperature limit across the first three Euclidean space dimensions. In this paper, we investigate using both numerical and theoretical techniques metastable stacked-slider phases, which are part of the ground-state manifold of stealthy potentials at densities in which crystal ground states are favored entropically. Our numerical results enable us to devise analytical models of this phase in two, three, and higher dimensions. Utilizing this model, we estimated the size of the feasible region in configuration space of the stacked-slider phase, finding it to be smaller than that of crystal structures in the infinite-system-size limit, which is consistent with our recent previous work. In two dimensions, we also determine exact expressions for the pair correlation function and structure factor of the analytical model of stacked-slider phases and analyze the connectedness of the ground-state manifold of stealthy potentials in this density regime. We demonstrate that stacked-slider phases are distinguishable states of matter; they are nonperiodic, statistically anisotropic structures that possess long-range orientational order but have zero shear modulus. We outline some possible future avenues of research to elucidate our understanding of this unusual phase of matter.
Hypertext for the electronic library? (1991)

The Chemistry Online Retrieval Experiment, or CORE project, is studying the possibility of creating a useful, usable electronic library for chemistry researchers. In a preliminary study, chemists were observed performing five different tasks representative of typical uses of the scientific journal literature. The tasks simulated browsing journals, answering specific questions given a citation to an article, answering specific questions given no citation, writing essays to summarize and integrate information, and finding "analogous transformations" for chemical reactions. Chemists carried out these tasks using one of three systems: (a) t.lheprinted journals supplemented with a widely used printed index system, (b) a hypertext system (the SuperBook@ document browser), or (c) a new electronic system (Pixlook) that incorporates traditional document retrieval methods plus full text indexing and delivers bitmap images of journal pages. Both electronic systems had a large advantage over the printed system for search and essay tasks. SuperBook users were faster and more accurate than Pixlook users at finding information relevant to browsing and search topics. Certain SuperBook hypertext features, however, did not work as well as Pixlook for displaying target articles. The patterns of data and log files of subjects suggest how SuperBook, Pixlook and related systems might be improved.
Acute repair of traumatic pan–brachial plexus injury: technical considerations and approaches (2018)

Particularly challenging after complete brachial plexus avulsion is reestablishing effective hand function, due to limited neurological donors to reanimate the arm. Acute repair of avulsion injuries may enable reinnervation strategies for achieving hand function. This patient presented with pan-brachial plexus injury. Given its irreparable nature, the authors recommended multistage reconstruction, including contralateral C-7 transfer for hand function, multiple intercostal nerves for shoulder/triceps function, shoulder fusion, and spinal accessory nerve-to-musculocutaneous nerve transfer for elbow flexion. The video demonstrates distal contraction from electrical stimulation of the avulsed roots. Single neurorrhaphy of the contralateral C-7 transfer was performed along with a retrosternocleidomastoid approach. The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/GMPfno8sK0U .
Choice of material for HVL measurements in megavoltage x-ray beams (1985)

The relative sensitivity of the half-value layer (HVL) method as a quality index for megavoltage x-ray beams is examined by theoretical calculation and experimental measurements for 4-, 6-, 10-, and 25-MV x-ray beams. It is shown that lower atomic number materials are more sensitive to beam quality changes than higher atomic number materials, and that aluminum is a reasonable choice of material for HVL measurements in megavoltage x-ray beams. Further, it was found that the HVL in aluminum or polystyrene is a more sensitive index of spectral quality than the ionization ratio method, recommended by recent dosimetry protocols.
The role of autoimmunity in obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation (2012)

First performed in the 1960s with long-term successes achieved in the 1980s, lung transplantation remains the only definitive treatment option for end-stage lung disease. Chronic lung rejection, pathologically classified as obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) with its clinical correlate referred to as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, is the limiting factor than keeps 5-yr survival rates for lung transplant significantly worse than for other solid organ transplants. Initially, OB was largely attributed to immune responses to donor antigens, alloimmunity. However, more recent work has demonstrated the role of autoimmunity in the process of lung transplant rejection. IL-17 and autoantigens such as collagen type V and K-α1 tubulin have been implicated in the development of chronic rejection. Ultimately, this translational review discusses the role that autoimmunity plays in the development of OB and lung transplant rejection and then discusses options for therapeutic intervention.
Factors influencing breath condensate volume (2001)

Analysis of breath condensate (BC) has received interest recently due to the need for easy and repetitive monitoring or airway and pulmonary disease. While many authors have used custom built systems, commercial systems are now available and will probably be used more widely. Early studies of markers and mediators in BC have reported concentrations following varying periods of sampling time. However, factors that influence the generation of BC have not been analysed and it is unclear whether breathing rate, tidal volume, lung function, body weight, height or age influence the amount of BC collected. We therefore studied the influence of these factors on breath condensate volume and breath condensate urea and protein concentrations in 22 healthy volunteers and 23 COPD patients. A strong correlation of total respired volume and breath condensate volume was observed for both groups (volunteers: r=0.952, p < 0.0001, COPD: r=0.883, p < 0.001) while no significant correlation existed for breath condensate volume and TLC, RV, Vc, FEV1, R(tot), height or body weight, As long as ventilation remained fairly constant, breath condensate volume increased linearly with time. The fraction of breath condensate extracted from total vapour contained in the exhalate was estimated by measuring relative atmospheric humidity before and after the collecting tube. The amount calculated by the change in temperature and saturation corresponded closely to the amount actually collected. We conclude from these results that breath condensate volume is primarily dependent on V(E), and does not seem to depend on lung function parameters. For standardisation it is suggested to report breath condensate measurements per volume respired. Both, urea and protein are present in measurable quantities in breath condensate and protein as well as BCV may be helpful denominators for comparison with e.g. cytokines in lung disease.
Optimizing the management of castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients: A practical guide for clinicians (2020)

The panel has provided recommendations for managing mCRPC with regard to specific issues: (a) biomarker monitoring and the role of genetic and molecular testing; (b) rationale, current strategies, and optimal sequencing of the various approved therapies, including hormonal therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiopharmaceuticals and immunotherapy; (c) adverse event management and monitoring; and (d) imaging advanced PC patients. These recommendations seek to complement national guidelines, not replace them, and a discussion of where the panel agreed or disagreed with national guidelines is included.
Supplementary Methods from The Landscape of Somatic Genetic Alterations in Metaplastic Breast Carcinomas (2023)

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Analysis on the Impact of Driving Under the Influence in Inland Empire, California (2014)

Drunk driving is an issue that directly and indirectly affects everyone in society. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in 2010 there were approximately 2,715 driving fatalities involving alcohol or drugs in the state of California. In those 2,715 fatalities, 1,848 involved alcohol (“California Counties,” 2011). Driving Under the Influence (DUI) is a serious issue in the Inland Empire because out of the 58 counties in California, San Bernardino County and Riverside County consistently rank as some of the counties with the most DUI fatalities. This study analyzed the significant reduction in the number of DUI related fatalities from 2007-2010 in the Inland Empire and the importance of continued research on the effectiveness of DUI reduction programs.
Studies on Heart Phosphofructokinase (1966)

Abstract Sheep heart phosphofructokinase was extracted from a sedimentable fraction of homogenates after incubation with ATP and MgSO4. The extracted enzyme was fully active and soluble. The enzyme was purified by a procedure which involved ethanol fractionation, extraction from the ethanol fraction, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and ammonium sulfate fractionation. The final specific activity of the enzyme was 120 to 157. Enzyme recovery was about 55% of the enzyme activity in the original extract. The purified enzyme was crystallized. The crystals were hexagonal in shape and had approximately the same specific activity as the purified enzyme. Examination on starch gel electrophoresis showed that the enzyme moved as a diffuse patch with enzyme activity through the entire patch. Ultracentrifugal sedimentation analysis revealed the presence of either a schlieren pattern with a single asymmetrical peak or a pattern with a minor light peak and a major heavy peak. The value for s20,w varied from 22.5 to 50, according to the degree of poylmerization of the enzyme. The sedimentation coefficient as determined on the sucrose gradient was found to be concentration-dependent. The lowest value was s20,w 15.2. Sodium chloride (2 m) caused dissociation of the enzyme, accompanied by a decrease in its catalytic activity.
Collaborative Missions with Heterogeneous Teams: Mathematical Model and Solution Approach (2014)

We consider the problem of the joint mission planning with a team of heterogeneous physical agents. The type of missions that we consider are composed of a set of spatially distributed tasks that need to be selected and assigned to the agents for dealing with them. A plan consists of a set of directives specifying who does what, where, when, and for how long. The aim is to optimize system-level performance by explicitly taking into account and exploiting the different sensory-motor characteristics of the agents. We tackle this general problem and propose a mixed integer linear formulation of it, including a number of aspects/constraints that closely model features and requests of realistic scenarios. A solution approach with quality guarantees, based on the combination of a metaheuristic and a mathematical programming method, is presented.
Reentrant Nematic and Smectic C Phases in Binary Systems of 4-(β-Cyanethyl)-Phenyl 4-n-Alkyloxy-Cinnamates (1981)

Abstract In binary systems of 4-(β-cyanethyl)-phenyl 4-n- alkyloxycinnamates reentrant nematic and reentrant smectic C phases occur. In three systems studied the phase sequences SC Nre SA N IS and SC(re) Nre SC SA N IS were found.
Science Signaling Podcast: 5 April 2011 (2011)

The responsiveness of activating NK cell receptors is determined by the distribution of inhibitory receptors.
Expression and Function of the P2y14 Receptor in Murine Peritoneal Macrophages (2012)

The P2Y14 receptor is activated by UDP-glucose （UDPG）, which is a well-known glycosyl donor that participates in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates, and is widely expressed in immune cells. During inflammation and mechanical stress, damaged cells release nucleotides, including ATP and UDPG, as danger signals that act as P2Y receptor agonists. These nucleotide-induced signals participate in the regulation of immune responses. In this study, to investigate P2Y14 expression further, we performed flow cytometric analysis using an anti-P2Y14 monoclonal antibody. The results indicated that P2Y14 is expressed in murine immune cells, including T cells, B cells, monocytes, granulocytes, and CD11bhigh macrophages. Interestingly, the expression levels of P2Y14 differed between immature and mature monocytes, and in CD11bhigh macrophages, P2Y14 was gradually downregulated as peritonitis was terminated. The expression of CD11b is reduced by the efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils during peritonitis, and the induced CD11blow macrophages, which emerge in the resolution of peritonitis, play an important role in the termination of inflammation. Consistent with this observation, we revealed that administration of UDPG to mice with induced peritonitis increased the number of CD11blow macrophages. As P2Y14 is expressed in CD11bhigh macrophages but not in CD11blow macrophages, UDPG may participate in the conversion to the CD11blow phenotype. These data suggest a novel regulatory pathway of the inflammatory response via P2Y14 expressed on macrophages.
Robust Co-Optimization Planning of Interdependent Electricity and Natural Gas Systems With a Joint N-1 and Probabilistic Reliability Criterion (2017)

As the sharp growth of gas-fired power plants and the new emergence of power-to-gas (PtG) technology intensify the interdependence between electricity and natural gas systems, it is imperative to co-optimize the two systems for improving the overall efficiency. This paper presents a long-term robust co-optimization planning model for interdependent systems, for minimizing total investment and operation costs. Beside generators, transmission lines, gas suppliers, and pipelines, PtGs and gas compressor stations are also considered as investment candidates to effectively handle wind power uncertainties in the power system and compensate pressure losses in the gas network. Furthermore, the proposed model includes a joint N-1 and probabilistic reliability criterion to promote economical and reliable planning solutions. The proposed model is solved via a decomposition approach, by iteratively solving a base-case master problem and two operation subproblems to check N-1 and probabilistic reliability criteria. Numerical case studies illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust co-optimization planning approach.
Indexing of player events using multimodal cues in golf videos (2011)

In this paper, we propose a system for indexing and retrieving player event scenes using multimodal cues in golf videos. Play scenes and audio classes are detected independently from video and audio tracks at the time of indexing. The audio track is semantically segmented into basic audio categories (studio speech, field speech, music, applause, swing sound and others) by means of audio classification and semantic occupation ratios. The visual play-start scene and the excited reaction of the audience are combined to extract event scenes. The player name related to each event is indexed by the spoken descriptors. At retrieval time, the user selects a text query with the player name on the screen. The lists of each query term are retrieved through a description matcher to identify full and partial phrase hits related to event scenes. Experimental results show that the implemented system achieves an average 82.5% accuracy rate.
10.1016/s1885-9070(09)36022-9 (2000)

Cada vez hay mas pruebas de que la obesidad tiene su origen a edades tempranas. La predisposicion se basa en las interacciones entre el genoma y las influencias ambientales que actuan por medio de modificaciones epigeneticas. Los individuos con mayor riesgo son aquellos cuya linea ancestral ha realizado una rapida transicion de un estilo de vida tradicional a uno occidentalizado. El proceso afecta no solo al metabolismo sino tambien a la conducta. Como resultado, aquellas personas con mayor riesgo de obesidad pueden ser las menos propensas a responder a los programas educativos basados en la modificacion del estilo de vida. Comprender los mecanismos y las vias que apuntalan los origenes precoces de la obesidad es crucial para progresar en el tratamiento de este gran problema de la vida moderna.
Performance of the Bladder EpiCheck™ Methylation Test for Patients Under Surveillance for Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Results of a Multicenter, Prospective, Blinded Clinical Trial (2018)

The Bladder EpiCheck urine test has a clinically relevant and high negative predictive value. Its use in clinical routine could reduce the number of follow-up cystoscopies, and thus associated patient and financial burdens.
Study of Two Dimensional Airfoil and Performance of Straight Wing Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (2003)

The basic characteristics of the straight wing type vertical axis wind turbine are presented under some simplifying assumptions and set of weighting functions is order to provide explicit the relationship between wind turbine efficiency and the aerodynamics characteristics of the airfoil. It is shown that pitching moment coefficient as will as minimum drag coefficient and lift coefficient has significant effect both on the starting capability and on the maximum efficiency of a wind turbine. Furthermore, a suggestion is mode with regard to the design of the mean lines to attain a preferable characteristics for the airfoil of the vertical axis wind turbine.
Effects of heterologous hematopoietic cytokines on in vitro differentiation of cultured porcine inner cell masses (1996)

An exogenous supply of hematopoietic cytokines is essential for maintaining murine embryonic stem (ES) cells in a proliferative yet undifferentiated state. Recently, it was demonstrated that hematopoietic cytokines utilize the gp130 signal transduction pathway to maintain this phenotype, although their involvement toward maintaining porcine ES cell pluripotency has not been established. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of several heterologous hematopoietic cytokines at maintaining the isolated porcine inner cell masses (pICM) in an undifferentiated state. pICMs (day 7) were isolated by immunosurgery and cultured 4 days in one of six treatments: control medium, human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF; 1,000 u/ml), human interleukin-6 (hlL-6; 100 ng/ml), hlL-6 + hlL-6 soluble receptor (hlL6 + sR; 100 ng/ml + 2.5 μg/ml), human oncostatin M (hOSM; 100 ng/ml), or rat ciliary neurotrophic factor (rCNTF; 100 ng/ml). All cytokines were prepared in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium/Ham's F-10 (1:1)-based medium. Morphology of plCMs was evaluated on a scale of 1 (fully undifferentiated) to 5 (fully differentiated) at 24-h intervals. Differentiation was significantly lower on day 2 for rCNTF vs. hLIF cultured plCMs (2.07 ± 0.15 vs. 2.70 ± 0.16; P < 0.05). Furthermore, addition of rCNTF gave the lowest overall mean differentiation score (2.53 ± 0.15). However, none of the cytokines significantly delayed differentiation over controls for the 4-day culture period (P > 0.05). Since these heterologous cytokines were unable to inhibit differentiation, it is unlikely they will be beneficial towards isolating porcine ES cell lines under current conditions. Future work with homologous cytokines and dose effects may prove more beneficial. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Salivary Gland Function and Glucose Metabolic Status (1992)

To study the relationship between glucose metabolic status and salivary gland function in different-aged persons, subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM = 11), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT = 26), and controls (n = 26), aged 24 to 93, were examined in the oral physiology component of the baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. All were generally healthy (except DM) and nonmedicated. The controls and subjects with IGT were classified using World Health Organization criteria, and diabetic status was assessed using HblAc levels. Unstimulated and 2% citrate-stimulated parotid and submandibular salivary flow rates were collected, and subjective responses to questions about salivary hypofunction were evaluated. No statistically significant differences were observed between the three groups, nor between young and old subjects with altered glucose metabolism. These findings suggest that among well-controlled individuals with altered glucose metabolism, salivary gland function is not significantly impaired
New Information Technologies and Mass Communication in Shanghai (1999)

This paper addresses the issue of the relationship between new information technologies, especially the Internet technologies, and media practice in Shanghai, focusing mainly on the past five years. Through indepth interviews with institutions, online observations of the web sites of these media institutions and library and online research of some related literature, it studies the responses of Shanghai and its major mass media institutions to the challenges and opportunities presented by the new communication technologies. In addition, it explores the implications of the application of new communication technologies for Shanghai’s mass communication, and analyzes the key factors underlying the adoption process such as policy strategies, the worldwide trend towards building the information superhighway, and economic strengths that sustain media development.