gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Etiology of chronic hepatitis as evaluated by liver biopsy and serum samples submitted to the Department of Immunopathology of the National Institute of Hygiene in 1993-1995]. (1996)

The purpose of this study was to assess the relative incidence of chronic hepatitis in a population of patients with chronic liver disease and to determine the etiological spectrum of this syndrome with special reference to its defined histopathological forms. Histopathology aided by immunohistochemistry, and serology aided by the PCR method were employed in studies of liver biopsy specimens and serum samples, respectively. Out of 1150 patients with chronic liver disease examined, chronic hepatitis was diagnosed in 685 (60% of all cases examined). In this group, there were 308 males aged 18-74 yrs (mean 32 yrs), 153 females aged 18-71 yrs (mean 43 yrs), and 213 children aged 1-17 yrs (mean 8 yrs). Viral infections documented in these patients included HBV (50.4%), HCV (36.2%), HBV/HCV (7.2%) and HBV/HDV (0.7%); cryptogenic and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) accounted for 2.9% and 2.6% all cases, respectively. In the group of minimal hepatitis (16.1%), HBV infection was documented in 66.4% of cases, HCV-in 29.1%, HBV/HCV-in 3.6% (one case of AIH was included into this group). In the group of mild hepatitis (44.2%), HBV infection accounted for 47.3% of cases, HCV-for 41.9%, HBV/HCV-for 9.9%, and 0.9% was diagnosed as cryptogenic. In the group of moderate hepatitis (19.6%), HBV infection accounted for 50% of cases, HCV-for 37.3%, and HBV/HCV-for 4.5%; cases of cryptogenic and AIH accounted for 3.7% and 4.5%, respectively. In the group of severe hepatitis (20.1%), HBV etiology was found in 44.9% of cases, HCV-in 28.3%, HBV/HCV-in 6.5% and HBV/HDV-in 3.6%; cryptogenic and AIH accounted for 6.5% and 8.0% of cases, respectively. There was a high incidence of low-titer autoantibodies (SMA, ANA and LKM) ranging from 75% in cryptogenic hepatitis and 51% in each HBV and HBV/HCV hepatitis to 46.3% in HCV hepatitis.
3D stereolithography printing of graphene oxide reinforced complex architectures (2015)

Properties of polymer based nanocomposites reply on distribution, concentration, geometry and property of nanofillers in polymer matrix. Increasing the concentration of carbon based nanomaterials, such as CNTs, in polymer matrix often results in stronger but more brittle material. Here, we demonstrated the first three-dimensional (3D) printed graphene oxide complex structures by stereolithography with good combination of strength and ductility. With only 0.2% GOs, the tensile strength is increased by 62.2% and elongation increased by 12.8%. Transmission electron microscope results show that the GOs were randomly aligned in the cross section of polymer. We investigated the strengthening mechanism of the 3D printed structure in terms of tensile strength and Young's modulus. It is found that an increase in ductility of the 3D printed nanocomposites is related to increase in crystallinity of GOs reinforced polymer. Compression test of 3D GOs structure reveals the metal-like failure model of GOs nanocomposites.
Synthesis of the tetracyclic core of Illicium sesquiterpenes using an organocatalyzed asymmetric Robinson annulation (2013)

An enantioselective synthesis of the core framework of neurotrophic Illicium majucin-type sesquiterpenes is described here. This strategy is based on an organocatalyzed asymmetric Robinson annulation and provides an efficient approach for a diversity-oriented synthesis of Illicium natural products that holds remarkable therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases.
Planar inverted-F antenna for radio frequency identification (2004)

A small and low-cost antenna solution for radio frequency identification (RFID) tags is presented. The impedance of the antenna is designed to match directly to the impedance of the RFID microchip. Also, the impedance of the antenna is immune to the platform. Thus, the antenna is applicable in many different environments. The design and measurement results are reported and discussed.
Cascaded vector quantization by non-linear PCA network layers (2002)

The different mechanisms of principal component analysis (PCA) and vector quantization are combined in an architecture of one functional layer which implements vector quantization without using winner-take-all nets. After introducing cascaded vector quantization, the paper introduces a new network (the binary cascade network) which is composed of lateral inhibited neurons for PCA. They have bell-shaped activation functions which provide binary cascaded quantization stages. It is shown that this architecture is nearly optimal in terms of resource distribution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Microfluidics and soft matter: small is useful (2012)

We discuss in detail the content of the microfluidic toolboxes in the fields of soft condensed matter and biophysics, highlighting the similarities and differences. We present reasons for the differences and show that concepts from biophysics can be used in soft matter problems, and in particular the action of confinement. We illustrate this by showing how geometry, scaling behaviour and statistics can be exploited by combining microfluidics with model colloidal systems. We give relevant examples in each category and provide an outlook for studies beyond equilibrium.
Antineoplastic drugs and their analysis: a state of the art review (2017)

The number of patients suffering from cancer is constantly increasing and, consequently, the number of different chemotherapy treatments administered is increasing. Given the high reactivity and toxicity of antineoplastic drugs, analytical methods are required in all pharmaceutical fields, from drug development to their elimination in wastewater; including formulation quality control, environment and human exposure and therapeutic drug monitoring. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the analytical methods available for the determination of antineoplastic drugs in different matrices such as pharmaceutical formulations, biological and environmental samples. The applicability and performance of the reported methods will be critically discussed, with focus on the most commonly used antineoplastic drugs. Only conventional compounds and small molecules for targeted therapy will be considered in the present review.
A Large Deviations Approach to Sensor Scheduling for Detection of Correlated Random Fields (2005)

The problem of scheduling sensor transmissions for the detection of correlated random fields using spatially deployed sensors is considered. Using the large deviations principle, a closed-form expression for the error exponent of the miss probability is given as a function of the sensor spacing and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It is shown that the error exponent has a distinct characteristic: at high SNR, the error exponent is monotonically increasing with respect to sensor spacing, while at low SNR there is an optimal spacing for scheduled sensors.
Biological control of Erwinia mallotivora, the causal agent of papaya dieback disease by indigenous seed-borne endophytic lactic acid bacteria consortium (2019)

Dieback disease caused by Erwinia mallotivora is a major threat to papaya plantation in Malaysia. The current study was conducted to evaluate the potential of endophytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from papaya seeds for disease suppression of papaya dieback. Two hundred and thirty isolates were screened against E. mallotivora BT-MARDI, and the inhibitory activity of the isolates against the pathogen was ranging from 11.7-23.7 mm inhibition zones. The synergistic experiments revealed that combination of W. cibaria PPKSD19 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis PPSSD39 increased antibacterial activity against the pathogen. The antibacterial activity was partially due to the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS). The nursery experiment confirmed that the application of bacterial consortium W. cibaria PPKSD19 and L. lactis subsp. lactis PPSSD39 significantly reduced disease severity to 19% and increased biocontrol efficacy to 69% of infected papaya plants after 18 days of treatment. This study showed that W. cibaria PPKSD19 and L. lactis subsp. lactis PPSSD39 are potential candidate as biocontrol agents against papaya dieback disease.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ROLE OF TRIMETHYLSILYLMETHYLSILYLENE IN THE GAS‐PHASE REACTIONS OF TETRAMETHYLDISILENE (1978)

Abstract Aufgrund vonAbfangreaktionen wird der aufgezeichnete Verlauf für die Gasphasen‐Pyrolyse des Trisilans (I), die die Disilacyclobutan‐Verbindungen (VI) und (VII) liefert, angenommen.
Hepatic Artery Aneurysm Rupture: Case Report, Imaging Findings, and Literature Review (1999)

Hepatic artery aneurysm rupture is a rare condition that requires urgent diagnosis and treatment in order to avoid a potentially fatal outcome. The clinical presentation is often non-specific. The classic triad of abdominal pain, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and obstructive jaundice occurs in less than one-third of cases. Physical examination is rarely helpful since bruits, masses or pulsations are infrequent. Radiologic imaging provides the best tool to early diagnosis. Angiography has historically been the gold standard of diagnosis and is needed prior to radiologic intervention. Computerized tomography, doppler ultrasound and even magnetic resonance imaging have all demonstrated visceral artery aneurysms with success. Conventional treatment has included surgical ligation and resection. More recently transcatheter embolization or even percutaneous transhepatic injection of thrombin has been successfully performed by the interventional radiologist. This article discusses the clinical presentation, imaging findings, and review of the literature of this elusive entity.
Rubrene crystal field-effect mobility modulation via conducting channel wrinkling (2015)

With the impending surge of flexible organic electronic technologies, it has become essential to understand how mechanical deformation affects the electrical performance of organic thin-film devices. Organic single crystals are ideal for the systematic study of strain effects on electrical properties without being concerned about grain boundaries and other defects. Here we investigate how the deformation affects the field-effect mobility of single crystals of the benchmark semiconductor rubrene. The wrinkling instability is used to apply local strains of different magnitudes along the conducting channel in field-effect transistors. We discover that the mobility changes as dictated by the net strain at the dielectric/semiconductor interface. We propose a model based on the plate bending theory to quantify the net strain in wrinkled transistors and predict the change in mobility. These contributions represent a significant step forward in structure-function relationships in organic semiconductors, critical for the development of the next generation of flexible electronic devices.
inTELLigence. 13 December 2010 (2010)

The word 'inTELLigence' appears in the centre of the cartoon. Surrounding the word are a number of invisible people whispering secrets 'SSSSH', 'It's a secret?', 'But she's told everybody', 'Maybe she didn't read the cable', 'Maybe she didn't get it', 'She should read it on Wikileaks', 'SSSSH'. Context; WikiLeaks is an international non-profit organisation that publishes submissions of private, secret, and classified media from anonymous news sources and news leaks. Supporters of Wikileaks in the media have commended it for exposing state and corporate secrets, increasing transparency, supporting freedom of the press, and enhancing democratic discourse while challenging powerful institutions. At the same time, several U.S. government officials have criticised WikiLeaks for exposing classified information, harming national security, and compromising international diplomacy. 
Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).
Structural Health Determination and Model Refinement for a Deployable Composite Boom (2009)

The Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate previously developed a novel composite boom that enables simplified on-orbit deployment for a class of space structures. These composite members are self deploying, reducing the need for hinge and complex motor mechanisms and resulting in decreased weight and structural complexity. Due to its unique capabilities, NASA chose to incorporate this boom architecture into their Nano-Sail D experiment. This composite boom technology was also chosen as the candidate for an investigation into structural health monitoring (SHM) for space structures. Generally, health monitoring has been used on civil and aeroelastic structures for maintenance applications. It is proposed that SHM concepts can be used on space structures to determine health and indirectly predict changes in structural dynamics, which may be crucial for high precision pointing, maneuvering, and life-prediction applications. To begin investigating this topic, a testbed, capable of cyclically damaging the composite booms with a high degree of repeatability, is constructed. As the composite booms are progressively damaged, a series of dynamic interrogations are used to assess the boom. The goal of this research is to correlate SHM features with dynamic properties, leading to an ability to determine a component’s dynamic characteristics purely from SHM data. Using data gathered for SHM testing, the concept of adaptively updating structural models is demonstrated.
CLOSURE ON FOUNDATION STUDY FOR MATERIALS TEST STRUCTURE (1970)

THE AUTHORS ARE PLEASED THAT THEIR PAPER HAS STIMULATED THE DISCUSSION BY LANGFELDER AND BREWER. AS INDICATED IN THE ORIGINAL PAPER, THEY ARE IN ACCORD WITH ALL OF THE COMMENTS MADE IN THE DISCUSSION EXCEPT FOR THE COMMENTS PERTAINING TO VOID RATIO AND LIQUIDITY INDEX. THE AUTHORS DO WISH TO THANK LANGFELDER AND BREWER FOR THEIR VALUABLE ADDITIONS REGARDING THE USE OF LIQUIDITY INDEX AND VOID RATIO IN THE EQUATION FOR PREDICTING SHEAR STRENGTH. THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF DEVELOPING EQUATIONS FOR PREDICTING SHEAR STRENGTH IS TO UTILIZE INFORMATION OBTAINABLE FROM CORE SAMPLES TAKEN FOR PURPOSE OTHER THAN ENGINEERING INVESTIGATIONS. SUCH SAMPLES MAY BE DISTURBED BY THE SAMPLING PROCESS, BY DESICCATION DUE TO LONG STORAGE, OR FROM OTHER MEANS. BECAUSE THE SAMPLES ARE DISTURBED, IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO OBTAIN AN ACCURATE VALUE OF VOID RATIO AND ORIGINAL WATER CONTENT AS PROPOSED BY LANGFELDER AND BREWER; THE ORIGINAL WATER CONTENT IS REQUIRED FOR COMPUTING THE LIQUIDITY INDEX. HOWEVER, LANGFELDER AND BREWER'S SUGGESTION OF USING THE LIQUIDITY INDEX PARALLELS A RESEARCH EFFORT UNDERWAY AT THE NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL TO DEVELOP A METHOD FOR PREDICTING THE ORIGINAL WATER CONTENT FOR USE IN DETERMINING THE LIQUIDITY INDEX. SINCE THE COST OF OBTAINING SAMPLES FORM THE SEAFLOOR IS HIGH, MAXIMUM USE SHOULD BE MADE OF SAMPLES THAT HAVE BEEN TAKEN FOR OTHER PURPOSES AND WHICH ARE BEING KEPT IN STORAGE. AS ADDITIONAL ENGINEERING DATA ARE COLLECTED, FURTHER CORRELATION ANALYSES ARE ENCOURAGED TO UTILIZE DATA FROM THESE COLLECTED SAMPLES FOR SITE INVESTIGATION PURPOSES. /AUTHOR/
Privacy-aware presence management in instant messaging systems (2006)

Information about online presence allows participants of instant messaging (IM) systems to determine whether their prospective communication partners will be able to answer their requests in a timely manner, or not. This makes IM more personal and closer than other forms of communication such as e-mail. On the other hand, revelation of presence constitutes a potential of misuse by untrustworthy entities, e.g. generation of presence logs. We argue that current IM systems do not take reasonable precautions to protect presence information. We propose an IM system designed to be robust against attacks to disclose a user's presence. It stores presence information in a distributed hash table (DHT) in a way that is only detectable and applicable for intended users and even not comprehensible for the DHT nodes. We apply an anonymous communication network to protect the users' physical addresses.
Effect of AST-120 in Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment: Still a Controversy? (2016)

AST-120 (kremezin; Kureha Chemical, Tokyo, Japan) is an oral spherical carbonaceous adsorbent, which was approved for clinical use in Japanese chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in 1991. It adsorbs indole, the precursor of indoxyl sulfate, in the intestines and prevents indoxyl sulfate production. Indoxyl sulfate, initially identified as a major uremic toxin that causes uremic symptoms, contributes to CKD progression. Since AST-120 decreases serum indoxyl sulfate in a dose-dependent manner, multicenter prospective trials have been conducted in Japan in the 1980s; these trials were mostly in favor of the efficacy of AST-120 in delaying the initiation of dialysis in patients with advanced stage CKD. Many animal studies support the effects of AST-120 on renal outcomes as well as on cardiovascular complications. However, there are yet no reports that unequivocally demonstrate the improvement of hard renal endpoints and/or cardiovascular endpoints. This commentary briefly reviews the major outcomes of the recent clinical trials on AST-120.
Letter to the editor: Potential causes of the decreased effectiveness of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strain in live attenuated influenza vaccines (2016)

We greatly appreciate the editorial by Penttinen and Friede summarising the data regarding recent observations in the United States (US) of decreased effectiveness of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains (A/California/7/2009 and A/Bolivia/559/2013) included in live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) Multiple hypotheses have been suggested as potential explanations for the reduced effectiveness compared with inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV). The most frequently cited hypotheses include poor replicative fitness of the A(H1N1)pdm09 LAIV strains, vaccine-virus interference in the quadrivalent formulation, reduced LAIV replication due to preexisting anti-influenza immunity from prior influenza vaccinations, and poor thermostability of A(H1N1)pdm09 LAIV strains. We have systematically evaluated each of these hypotheses and would like to share our assessments in case they might benefit ongoing international scientific discussions regarding LAIV effectiveness.
Fluorous Isocyanates: Convenient Synthons for the Preparation of Radioiodinated Compounds in High Effective Specific Activity (2009)

A convenient method for the preparation of fluorous-tin isocyanate derivatives was developed from the corresponding acyl azides as a novel route to targeted radiopharmaceuticals that can be produced in high effective specific activity without having to resort to using HPLC. The isocyanates, which were stable for greater than 20 days when dissolved in fluorous solvents, were conjugated to a series of amines including lysine derivatives by using a variety of miscible and biphasic solvent systems where yields were consistently greater than 95%. The resulting ureas were radiolabeled with (125)I by using iodogen as the oxidant and the desired products were isolated in high radiochemical yield (>87%) and purity by using a simple fluorous solid phase extraction procedure.
Chemical modification and characterization of the surface of polysulfone membranes (2000)

Asymmetric porous membranes were prepared from polysulfone by a wet-phase separation procedure. Different chemical modifications were applied to the upper membrane surface, i.e. the surface which was exposed to interaction with nonsolvent (water) in the coagulation bath during the membrane formation. The membrane surface was modified by the series of Friedel-Crafts electrophilic substitutions of aromatic rings in the polysulfone molecules. As a reagent 1-chlorodecane or propylene oxide dissolved in hexane and $AlCl_3$ as a catalyst were used. In the former case a hydrophobic and in the latter one a hydrophilic coating was achieved, respectively. The membrane surface was also modified by sulfonization with sulfuric (VI) acid water solution; in this way negative charges were introduced at the membrane surface. The membranes, unmodified and chemically modified, were characterized by measuring the membrane thickness, the deionized water flux through the membrane, the zeta potential and contact angle. The specific chemical modifications of the membrane surface affect the water flux, the zeta potential and contact angle values whereas the membrane thickness remains unchanged. These effects are interpreted in terms of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, changes of the membrane surface charge and the thickness of shear layer at the membrane surface, all with respect to the particular modification applied. Reaction with 1-chlorodecane gave a hydrophobic surface by nonpolar $–(CH_2)_9-CH_3$ groups and reaction with propylene oxide gave a hydrophilic surface with polar group $-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-OH$. The surface of sulfonized polysulfone membranes contained ionizable ($-SO_3H$) functional groups.
DIPG-31. FEASIBILITY OF HYPERPOLARIZED 13C METABOLIC IMAGING IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH DIPG AND OTHER CNS CANCERS (2019)

INTRODUCTION: As DIPG-tailored therapies become available in the future, the pediatric oncology community will need to address a longstanding issue regarding the lack of imaging biomarkers for evaluating response to treatment. Dynamic hyperpolarized carbon-13 (13C) MR imaging offers a non-invasive means of probing real-time metabolism in vivo and has already been applied in adult patients with glioma (Park et al., MRM 2018; Keshari et al. Cancer Research 2018). The purpose of the current work was to evaluate the feasibility of this technique in pediatric patients and compare metabolism in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) with adults. METHODS: Six pediatric patients (1 female, 5 males; ages 9–17) previously diagnosed with DIPG (n=3), pineoblastoma (n=1), medulloblastoma (n=1), or adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (n=1) received dynamic 13C MR imaging exams following intravenous injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate at 1–3 mL/s (0.43mL/kg). MR sequences consisted of either echo-planar imaging or echo-planar spectroscopic imaging, with 3.38-8cm3 spatial resolution and 3s temporal resolution. Pre/post-injection EKGs and continuous vital sign measurements enabled close monitoring of patient response to the hyperpolarized contrast agent. All patients had previous radiation treatment (50-60Gy) and underwent diverse therapies; only 2 patients (DIPG) were surgery-naive. Conversion of [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate was kinetically modeled as a rate constant (kPL) in NAWM using established methodology. RESULTS: There were no adverse effects in patients following injection of [1-13C]pyruvate. The apparent rate constant (kPL) in this pediatric cohort was 0.022±0.007s-1 (range:0.014–0.030s-1), which was similar to adult patients with glioma treated by radiation (0.021±0.005). In one surgery-naïve patient with DIPG who received a higher resolution exam, two adjacent voxels in the T2 lesion demonstrated a 176–220% increase in kPL relative to NAWM. CONCLUSION: Initial results suggest hyperpolarized 13C MR imaging can be safely performed in pediatric patients with CNS cancers and may augment treatment surveillance.
40-Gb/s wide-band MMIC pHEMT modulator driver amplifiers designed with the real frequency technique (2005)

With the use GaAs pseudomorphic high electron-mobility transistor technology, the bandwidth performances of Cherry-Hooper driver amplifiers need to be improved. To fulfill these requirements, we propose an original driver circuit topology dedicated to 40-Gb/s optical communication systems. To flatten the transducer gain response of the circuit, passive networks have been added in the design. These networks have been optimized by means of the real frequency technique (RFT). A modified procedure of the classical RFT is introduced to perform the optimization in the presence of an overall resistive feedback.