gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcription of σ54‐dependent but not σ28‐dependent flagellar genes in Campylobacter jejuni is associated with formation of the flagellar secretory apparatus (2003)

Summary We performed a genetic analysis of flagellar regulation in Campylobacter jejuni , from which we elucidated key portions of the flagellar transcriptional cascade in this bacterium. For this study, we developed a reporter gene system for C. jejuni involving astA , encoding arylsulphatase, and placed astA under control of the σ 54 ‐regulated flgDE2 promoter in C. jejuni strain 81‐176. The astA reporter fusion combined with transposon mutagenesis allowed us to identify genes in which insertions abolished flgDE2 expression; genes identified were on both the chromosome and the plasmid pVir. Included among the chromosomal genes were genes encoding a putative sensor kinase and the σ 54 ‐dependent transcriptional activator, FlgR. In addition, we identified specific flagellar genes, including flhA , flhB , fliP , fliR and flhF , that are also required for transcription of flgDE2 and are presumably at the beginning of the C. jejuni flagellar transcriptional cascade. Deletion of any of these genes reduced transcription of both flgDE2 and another σ 54 ‐dependent flagellar gene, flaB , encoding a minor flagellin. Transcription of the σ 28 ‐dependent gene flaA , encoding the major flagellin, was largely unaffected in the mutants. Further examination of flaA transcription revealed significant σ 28 ‐independent transcription and only weak repressive activity of the putative anti‐σ 28 factor FlgM. Our study suggests that σ 54 ‐dependent transcription of flagellar genes in C. jejuni is linked to the formation of the flagellar secretory apparatus. A key difference in the C. jejuni flagellar transcriptional cascade compared with other bacteria that use σ 28 for transcription of flagellar genes is that a mechanism to repress significantly σ 28 ‐dependent transcription of flaA in flagellar assembly mutants is absent in C. jejuni .
Microstructure of MoSi2-base nanocomposite coatings formed on Mo substrates by chemical vapor deposition (2005)

Abstract The microstructures and formation processes of MoSi2–Si3N4 or MoSi2–SiC nanocomposite coatings on Mo substrates by ammonia nitridation or carburizing process followed by chemical vapor deposition of Si was investigated using optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The present study demonstrated that the crack density formed in the MoSi2-base nanocomposite coatings due to mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the nanocomposite coatings and the Mo substrate could be reduced by the control of volume percentage of the Si3N4 or SiC particles with the low CTE values. Especially, no cracks were observed in the MoSi2-(30–33) vol.% Si3N4 nanocomposite coating, indicating that its CTE value was close to that of the Mo substrate. The microstructure of MoSi2-base nanocomposite coatings showed the oblate-spheroidal-type Si3N4 or SiC particles dispersed in the equiaxed M...
Development and long-term fate of a cellular lining in fibrous polyurethane vascular prostheses implanted in the dog carotid and femoral artery. A scanning and light microscopical study up to 53 months after implantation. (1992)

The development and long-term fate of the inner cellular lining in 72 small caliber (3 mm inner diameter) fibrous polyurethane vascular prostheses explanted from dog carotid and/or femoral arteries at times ranging from 1.5 weeks up to 53 months after implantation were studied by scanning electron and light microscopy. A continuous cellular ingrowth from the vascular stumps into the 3 cm long prostheses was observed, which eventually resulted in a complete cellular lining 6 months after implantation. No other ways of endothelialization were noted. In fully endothelialized prostheses, the cellular ingrowth extended approximately 8 mm into the prostheses and consisted of several layers of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, covered by a very thin endothelioid cell layer. The newly developed lining was firmly anchored onto the inner prosthetic surface by means of cellular protrusions extended into the fibrous texture of the prosthetic wall. It was concluded that under experimental conditions in the dog complete endothelialization can be obtained in fibrous polyurethane vascular prostheses and that the lining remained thin and stable throughout the observation period of 53 months after implantation.
un pain enrichi en fibres pour limiter les effets délétères de la surnutrition (2020)

Carte postale mise en place par l'Institut Carnot Qualiment : Pour valorisation des travaux vis à vis des industriels.
Neurobehavioral Syndromes in Cocaine-Exposed Newborn Infants (1991)

Barry M. Lester, Michael J. Corwin, Carol Sepkoski, Ronald Seifer, Mark Peucker, Sarah McLaughlin, Howard L. Golub, Neurobehavioral Syndromes in Cocaine-Exposed Newborn Infants, Child Development, Vol. 62, No. 4 (Aug., 1991), pp. 694-705
Transition of Oscillatory Flow in Tubes: An Empirical Model for Application to Stirling Engines (1992)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An empirical model for transition to turbulence in oscillatory flows in straight tubes is proposed. The model, fashioned after a correlation for transition of a boundary layer on a flat plate, yields the laminar flow momentum thickness Reynolds number that must be met before transition to turbulence will occur. The transition point is located by comparing this to the actual momentum thickness Reynolds number. Since in one-dimensional computation, as is typically employed in engine simulation codes, the momentum thickness Reynolds number cannot be computed, a scheme is proposed for estimating it in terms of the position within the cycle, the maximum value of the diameter Reynolds number within the cycle, Re&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;, and the dimensionless frequency, Valensi number, Va. Another parameter required in the calculation of the point of transition is the turbulence intensity value within the core flow and external to the boundary layer. A means of evaluating this quantity, given the distance from the entrance end of the tube, the angular position within the cycle, and the two cycle parameters, Re&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; and Va, is proposed.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Results from an experimental study of oscillatory flow in a tube are employed to develop the model. When the flow is determined to be turbulent, it is proposed that a fully-developed, steady flow friction coefficient be applied. When the flow is laminar, the assumption of fully-developed flow cannot be made; thus, a method is suggested for estimating the friction factor. This method is parameterized on Re&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; and Va.&lt;/div&gt;
Perceived aliasing thresholds in high-fidelity rendering (2005)

High-fidelity rendering is very computationally expensive making it difficult to achieve interactive rates except for simple scenes. Recent selective rendering techniques [Yee et al. 2001; Cater et al. 2003], which alter the number of rays cast per pixel, have been explored to achieve this goal. These approaches have shown that rendering times can be significantly reduced without perceptual degradation. In traditional ray-traced images aliasing is removed by supersampling the image plane. In this sketch we identify the threshold at which decreasing the number or rays shot per pixel would result in no perceptual degradation. We conduct psychophysical experiments using four realistic environments and one test environment as a comparison. This test scene was designed to exhibit high spatial frequencies and thus was a worst case for aliasing. We determine the computational bound by varying the number of rays shot per pixel in both still images and animations. The lighting simulation system Radiance [Ward 1994] is adapted for use in these experiments. The results can be used in the design of more effective perceptual selective rendering algorithms; using the computatinal bound as an indication of where to threshold the rendering process [Sundstedt et al. 2005]. Selective rendering will alter this threshold based on perceptual importance of pixels within the image. This will reduce computation time while maintaining a perceptually high quality result for realistic scenes.
Plasmonic Glasses and Films Based on Alternative Inexpensive Materials for Blocking Infrared Radiation (2018)

The need for energy-saving materials is pressing. This Letter reports on the design of energy-saving glasses and films based on plasmonic nanocrystals that efficiently block infrared radiation. Designing such plasmonic composite glasses is nontrivial and requires taking full advantage of both material and geometrical properties of the nanoparticles. We compute the performance of solar plasmonic glasses incorporating a transparent matrix and specially shaped nanocrystals. This performance depends on the shape and material of such nanocrystals. Glasses designed with plasmonic nanoshells are shown to exhibit overall better performances as compared to nanorods and nanocups. Simultaneously, scalable synthesis of plasmonic nanoshells and nanocups is technologically feasible using gas-phase fabrication methods. The computational simulations were performed for noble metals (gold and silver) as well as for alternative plasmonic materials (aluminum, copper, and titanium nitride). Inexpensive plasmonic materials (silver, copper, aluminum, and titanium nitride) show an overall good performance in terms of the commonly used figures of merit of industrial glass windows. Together with numerical data for specific materials, this study includes a set of general rules for designing efficient plasmonic IR-blocking media. The plasmonic glasses proposed herein are good candidates for the creation of cheap optical media, to be used in energy-saving windows in warm climates' housing or temperature-sensitive infrastructure.
Optimization of Preprocessing and Densification of Sorghum Stover at Full-scale Operation (2011)

Transportation can be a prohibitive cost in bringing biomass to a preprocessing location or biofuel refinery. One alternative to transporting biomass in baled or loose format to a preprocessing location is to utilize a mobile preprocessing system that can be relocated to the places where biomass is stored and used to preprocess and densify the biomass, which is then shipped to the refinery as needed. Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has a full-scale process demonstration unit (PDU) that includes a Stage 1 grinder, hammer mill, drier, pellet mill, and cooler with the associated conveyance system components. Testing at bench and pilot scales has been conducted to determine effects of moisture on preprocessing, crop varieties on preprocessing efficiency, and product quality. INLs PDU provides an opportunity to test the conclusions made at the bench and pilot scales on full industrial-scale systems. Each PDU component is operated from a central operating station where data is collected to determine power consumption rates for each step in the process. The power for each electrical motor in the system is monitored from the control station for problems and to determine optimal conditions for system performance. The data can then be evaluated to determine how changes in biomass input parameters (for example, moisture and crop type), mechanical changes (i.e., screen size, biomass drying, pellet size, grinding speed, etc.), or other variations affect the power consumption of the system. Sorgum, in four-foot round bales, was tested in the system using a series of six different screen sizes, including 3/16 in., 1 in., 2 in., 3 in., 4 in., and 6 in. The effect on power consumption, product quality, and production rate were measured to determine optimal conditions.
Effect of Gold Catalyst Surface Morphology on Wetting Behavior and Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Performance in a Large-Area Zero-Gap Gas Diffusion Electrolyzer (2022)

Catalyst surface area and wetting behavior are key factors in determining the performance of gas diffusion electrode (GDE) electrolyzers for electrochemical CO2 reduction. In this work, we report the integration of sub-1 μm thick nanoporous gold (npAu) catalyst coatings into a large-area (25 cm2) zero-gap electrolyzer. The npAu coatings were prepared by magnetron sputtering (MS) of thin AgAu alloy films on the microporous carbon layer of a gas diffusion layer (GDL) followed by Ag leaching. Compared to MS Au films of the same thickness, npAu catalyst coatings enable higher Faradaic efficiencies and improved catalyst stability for CO2-to-CO reduction with Faradaic efficiencies of up to 88% at 100 mA/cm2. For a 800 nm npAu coating, the device level energy efficiency for CO2 to CO conversion reaches 45% (52% for CO + H2) at 100 mA/cm2 with a single pass CO2 conversion efficiency of ∼12%. Contact angle measurements reveal that npAu coatings provide a more hydrophobic electrode interface compared to MS Au coatings, suggesting that the more hydrophobic interfacial environment of npAu coatings helps mitigating electrode flooding which is associated with performance deterioration over time.
The Autophagy Inhibitor Spautin-1 Antagonizes Rescue of Mutant CFTR Through an Autophagy-Independent and USP13-Mediated Mechanism (2018)

The mutation F508del, responsible for a majority of cystic fibrosis cases, provokes the instability and misfolding of the CFTR chloride channel. Pharmacological recovery of F508del-CFTR may be obtained with small molecules called correctors. However, treatment with a single corrector <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> only leads to a partial rescue, a consequence of cell quality control systems that still detect F508del-CFTR as a defective protein causing its degradation. We tested the effect of spautin-1 on F508del-CFTR since it is an inhibitor of USP10 deubiquitinase and of autophagy, a target and a biological process that have been associated with cystic fibrosis and mutant CFTR. We found that short-term treatment of cells with spautin-1 downregulates the function and expression of F508del-CFTR despite the presence of corrector VX-809, a finding obtained in multiple cell models and assays. In contrast, spautin-1 was ineffective on wild type CFTR. Silencing and upregulation of USP13 (another target of spautin-1) but not of USP10, had opposite effects on F508del-CFTR expression/function. In contrast, modulation of autophagy with known activators or inhibitors did not affect F508del-CFTR. Our results identify spautin-1 as a novel chemical probe to investigate the molecular mechanisms that prevent full rescue of mutant CFTR.
MODELLHINTERGRUND KLINISCHER VERFAHREN ZUR BEURTEILUNG DER ZEREBRALEN AUTOREGULATION (2003)

Article MODELLHINTERGRUND KLINISCHER VERFAHREN ZUR BEURTEILUNG DER ZEREBRALEN AUTOREGULATION was published on January 1, 2003 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 48, issue s1).
Molecular‐beam epitaxy of CdxHg1−xTe at D.LETI/LIR (1988)

To solve the problem of the high mercury consumption in the molecular‐beam epitaxy of CdxHg1−xTe, we present a special mercury cell and analyze the effect of the mercury flux on the cadmium and tellurium fluxes. On CdZnTe substrates, we have studied the influence of the substrate orientation on the growth defect density and the electrical properties of the epilayer. After n‐type annealing, the layers have a residual doping level higher than that of the liquid phase epitaxy layers. The lower carrier concentrations are obtained on layers grown on the (310) orientation which leads to a better crystal quality than on a (100) or (111) orientation. On alternative substrates, layers grown on (100) InSb substrate are indium doped. On (100) GaAs we show that misfit dislocations can be blocked near the GaAs interface by growing a multistepped composition buffer layer (MCBL). The MCBL is a stack of CdZnTe layers with different composition. It is shown that the dislocation blocking mechanism may occur when thickness of each individual layer is below its critical thickness.
Amino-functionalized mesoporous MCM-41 silica as an efficient adsorbent for water treatment: batch and fixed-bed column adsorption of the nitrate anion (2015)

In the present study, amino-functionalized Mobil Composite Material No. 41 (MCM-41) was used as an adsorbent to remove nitrate anions from aqueous solutions. Mono-, di- and tri-amino functioned silicas (N-MCM-41, NN-MCM-41 and NNN-MCM-41) were prepared by post-synthesis grafting method. The samples were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption. The effects of pH, initial concentration of anions, and adsorbent loading were examined in batch adsorption system. Results of adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption capacity increased with increasing adsorbent loading and initial anion concentration. It was found that the Langmuir mathematical model indicated better fit to the experimental data than the Freundlich. According to the constants of the Langmuir equation, the maximum adsorption capacity for nitrate anion by N-MCM-41, NN-MCM-41 and NNN-MCM-41 was found to be 31.68, 38.58 and 36.81 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics were investigated with pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order model. Adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order rate kinetics. The coefficients of determination for pseudo-second-order kinetic model are >0.99. For continuous adsorption experiments, NNN-MCM-41 adsorbent was used for the removal of nitrate anion from solutions. Breakthrough curves were investigated at different bed heights, flow rates and initial nitrate anion concentrations. The Thomas and Yan models were utilized to calculate the kinetic parameters and to predict the breakthrough curves of different bed height. Results from this study illustrated the potential utility of these adsorbents for nitrate removal from water solution.
Spray Pyrolysis Strategy for Preparation of Cathode-Supported Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells (2020)

Since the discovery of proton conducting ceramic materials many research efforts have been focused into overcoming processing difficulties that hinder long-term stability and high performance of protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs). Notably, high processing temperatures exceeding 1600 °C are often required to meet the microstructural demand of a dense proton conducting electrolyte membrane [1-2]. At this temperature range most potential electrode materials are chemically incompatible and therefore preclude the fabrication of electrode supported structures. In addition, for barium-based electrolytes (e.g. BaZr1-xYxO3-d) barium loss is anticipated resulting in lower conductivities and formation of structural defects. To overcome this major challenge thin film deposition techniques can be employed[3-4]. Spray pyrolysis is a cost effective and simple deposition technique for preparation of ultra-thin films (i.e.&lt;5μm) enabling the reduction of operating and processing temperatures of fuel cells [5]. Microstructures and electrochemical performance of multi-layered thin film PCFCs fabricated at exceptional low temperatures of 950 °C, are investigated. Large area 5x5cm2 cathode substrates of (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3-d prepared by tape casting were used for mechanical support of the cells. To modify and reduce the surface porosity of the substrate Ce0.9Gd0.1O3-d was coated to facilitate the deposition of the BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-d (BZY) thin electrolyte. Subsequently, the anode electrode was sprayed in two stages comprised by a nano-porous layer of BZY and infiltrated Ni particles. Characterization of the cathode-supported PCFCs was performed by electrical measurements operating up to 600°C and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. [1] Shanwen Tao and John T.S. Irvine, Adv. Mater., 18, 1581-1584, (2006). [2] Peter Babilo and Sossina M. Haile, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 88 2362-2368, (2005). [3] Kiho Bae et al., Adv. Energy Mater., 8, 1801315, (2018). [4] Georgios Tsimekas et al., ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.,6(8), P553-P560, (2017). [5] Georgios Tsimekas et al., ECS Trans., 70(1), 205-212, (2015).
Pseudomonas saxonica sp. nov., isolated from raw milk and skimmed milk concentrate (2019)

A polyphasic approach was used to investigate the taxonomic status of two bacterial strains, WS 5072<sup>T</sup> and WS 5092, isolated from skimmed milk concentrate and raw cow's milk. The 16S rRNA and <i>rpoD</i> gene sequences affiliated the strains to the same, hitherto unknown, <i>Pseudomonas</i> species. Further examinations of the draft genomes based on multilocus sequence analysis and average nucleotide identity confirmed the presence of a novel <i>Pseudomonas</i> species. It was most closely related to <i>Pseudomonas fragi</i> DSM 3456<sup>T</sup> with 86.3 % ANIm. The DNA G+C content of strain WS 5072<sup>T</sup> was 56.3 mol%. Cells were aerobic, Gram-negative, catalase and oxidase positive, rod-shaped and motile. Growth occurred at 4-34 °C, pH 5.5-8.0 and with salt concentrations of up to 7 %. The major cellular polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The dominating quinone was Q-9 with 94 %, with noticeable amounts of Q-8 (5 %) and traces of Q-7 and Q-10. Fatty acid profiles showed a composition common for <i>Pseudomonas</i> with the major component C<sub>16 : 0</sub>. Based on these results, the novel species <i>Pseudomonas saxonica</i> sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain WS 5072<sup>T</sup> (=DSM 108989<sup>T</sup>=LMG 31234<sup>T</sup>) and the additional strain WS 5092 (=DSM 108990=LMG 31235).
Wideband Low-Reflection Transmission Lines for Bare Chip on Multilayer PCB (2011)

The pad pitch of modern radio frequency integrated circuits is in the order of few tens of micrometers. Connecting a large number of high-speed I/Os to the outside world with good signal fidelity at low cost is an extremely challenging task. To cope with this requirement, we need reflection-free transmission lines from an on-chip pad to on-board SMA connectors. Such a transmission line is very hard to design due to the difference in on-chip and on-board feature size and the requirement for extremely large bandwidth. In this paper, we propose the use of narrow tracks close to chip and wide tracks away from the chip. This narrow-to-wide transition in width results in impedance discontinuity. A step change in substrate thickness is utilized to cancel the effect of the width discontinuity, thus achieving a reflection-free microstrip. To verify the concept, several microstrips were designed on multilayer FR4 PCB without any additional manufacturing steps. The TDR measurements reveal that the impedance variation is less than 3 for a 50 microstrip and S11 better than -9 dB for the frequency range 1 GHz to 6 GHz when the width changes from 165 m to 940 m, and substrate thickness changes from 100 m to 500 m.
Dentin Permeation: Comparison of Diffusion with Filtration (1977)

A comparison was made between the rate of iodide permeation of dentin by diffusion and by filtration. Before acid etching, filtration only doubled the rate of iodide permeation relative to that obtained by diffusion. After acid etching, filtration produced a 32-fold increase in permeation. Acid etching, by removing occluding debris, facilitates filtration more than diffusion.