gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Slowdown of the Endoglucanase Trichoderma reesei Cel5A-Catalyzed Cellulose Hydrolysis Is Related to Its Initial Activity (2014)

One important feature of hydrolysis of cellulose by cellulases is that the reaction slows down quickly after it starts. In this work, we investigate the slowdown mechanism at the early stage of the reaction using endoglucanase Tr. Cel5A-catalyzed phosphate acid-swollen cellulose (PASC) hydrolysis as a model system. Specifically, we focus on the effect of enzyme adsorption on the reaction slowdown. Nineteen single mutations are introduced (with the assistance of molecular dynamics simulations) to perturb the enzyme PASC interaction, yielding the adsorption partitioning coefficient Kr that ranged from 0.12 to 0.39 L/g, compared to that of the wild type (0.26 L/g). Several residues, including T18, K26, Y26, H229, and T300, are demonstrated to be important for adsorption of the enzyme to PASC. The kinetic measurements show that the slowdown of the hydrolysis is not correlated with the adsorption quantified by the partitioning coefficient Kr but is anticorrelated with the initial activity. This result suggests that the mutants with higher activity are more prone to being trapped or deplete the most reactive substrate faster and the adsorption plays no apparent role in the reaction slowdown. The initial activity of Cel5A against PASC is correlated with the enzyme specific activity against a soluble substrate p-nitrophenyl cellobioside.
Summationspotentiale als Marker der intracochleären Elektrodenposition (2018)

Bei der restgehörerhaltenden Versorgung mit Cochlea-Implantaten (CI) ist die Intraoperative Kontrolle der Insertionstiefe von großer Bedeutung. Anhand der Analyse des über CI bipolar abgeleiteten Elektrocochleograms (ECochG) haben wir im Tierexperiment die intracochleäre Position des CI relativ zur Cochleotopie bestimmt.
Experimental Load Emulation for Multi-Evaporator Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems (2012)

This paper presents the development of a multi-evaporator load emulation unit (ME-LEU) for air conditioning and refrigeration (AC&R) systems. Through a combination of on-line real-time modeling and hardware actuation, LEUs are able to mimic the dynamics of a variety of cooling loads. A virtual container model simulates the thermal dynamics of the cooled space and determines the appropriate return air temperature to the evaporator for a given application. The LEU uses an actuated slide to mix warm return air with colder supply air to track the desired return air temperature from the model. Depending on the physical design of the LEU, control of the return air temperature may become difficult due to non-monotonic and nonlinear dynamics. The presented LEU design achieves monotonic and nearly linear dynamics between the actuation mechanism and the return air temperature, allowing for a simple yet robust controller to be designed for the system. The experimental implementation of the ME-LEU on a dual evaporator AC&R system permits independent loading of each evaporator, thereby increasing the emulation capabilities to a larger set of real world systems.
The Latent Promiscuity of Newly Identified Microbial Lactonases Is Linked to a Recently Diverged Phosphotriesterase (2006)

In essence, evolutionary processes occur gradually, while maintaining fitness throughout. Along this line, it has been proposed that the ability of a progenitor to promiscuously catalyze a low level of the evolving activity could facilitate the divergence of a new function by providing an immediate selective advantage. To directly establish a role for promiscuity in the divergence of natural enzymes, we attempted to trace the origins of a bacterial phosphotriesterase (PTE), an enzyme thought to have evolved for the purpose of degradation of a synthetic insecticide introduced in the 20th century. We surmised that PTE's promiscuous lactonase activity may be a vestige of its progenitor and tested homologues annotated as "putative PTEs" for lactonase and phosphotriesterase activity. We identified three genes that define a new group of microbial lactonases dubbed PTE-like lactonases (PLLs). These enzymes proficiently hydrolyze various lactones, and in particular quorum-sensing N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), and exhibit much lower promiscuous phosphotriesterase activities. PLLs share key sequence and active site features with PTE and differ primarily by an insertion in one surface loop. Given their biochemical and biological function, PLLs are likely to have existed for many millions of years. PTE could have therefore evolved from a member of the PLL family while utilizing its latent promiscuous paraoxonase activity as an essential starting point.
Cloud robotics paradigm for enhanced navigation of autonomous vehicles in real world industrial applications (2015)

Autonomous vehicles require advances sensing technologies, in order to be able to safely share the environment with human operators. Those sensing technologies are in fact necessary for identifying the presence of unforeseen objects, and measuring their position and velocity. Furthermore, classification is necessary for effectively predicting their behavior. In this paper we consider the presence of sensing systems both on-board each vehicle, and installed on infrastructural elements. While the simultaneous presence of multiple sources of information heavily improves the amount (and quality) of available data, it generates the need for effective data fusion and storage systems. Hence, we introduce a centralized cloud service, that is in charge of receiving and merging data acquired by different sensing systems. Those data are then distributed to the autonomous vehicles, that exploit them for implementing advanced navigation strategies. The proposed methodology is validated in a real industrial environment to safely perform obstacle avoidance with an autonomously driven forklift.
Detection of circulating tumor DNA in cerebrospinal fluid prior to diagnosis of spinal cord lymphoma by flow cytometric and cytologic analyses (2021)

Central nervous system lymphomas (CNSL) are difficult to diagnose. Although flow cytometry (FCM) and cytology using tumor cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are conventionally performed, the sensitivity is still problematic. Recently, cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been detected in the CSF of patients with malignancies [1-3].
Nanoelectromechanical switches based on diamond-on-diamond (2011)

Suspended single-crystal diamond micro/nano-beams with well-controlled dimensions are fabricated in batch for nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS). All-single crystal diamond NEM switches are demonstrated using these suspended beams with high performance such as high reproducibility, high controllability, and repeated switching based on the concept of diamond-on-diamond. The switches make full use of the superior properties of diamond such as an extremely high Young's modulus (>1000GPa), high wear resistance, the highest thermal conductivity, and a hydrophobic surface. Diamond switches can not only overcome the stiction and abrasion problems in existing electromechanical switches, but also circumvent the shallow doping problem. This work opens the avenue for single crystal diamond NEMS toward high performance and harsh environments.
Electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve: Membrane models applied to the interpretation of electrophysiological and psychophysical responses (1982)

Electrophysiological and psychophysical measures of threshold as a function of sinusoidal stimulus frequency deviate considerably from those predicted by Hill's membrane model. Using a modified Hodgkin-Huxley model, considerably better estimates of threshold were obtained over the frequency ranges investigated. The Hodgkin-Huxley model was modified by increasing the sodium inactivation rate constant, beta-h, by a factor of four. This model has been useful in interpreting electrophysiological and psychophysical responses to a range of pulse and sinusoidal stimuli. [Work supported by NIH.]
Effects of agricultural practices on properties and metal content in urban garden soils in a tropical metropolitan area (2013)

The appearance of agriculture in urban areas improved the healthy diet of people by the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits. This study assessed the level of fertility, the impact of cropping system and of exploitation time on physicochemical properties and pseudo-total and EDTA-extractable metals contents of urban garden of vegetable soils in Libreville (Gabon). The results indicated a low fertility of cultivated soils. The metal contents in soils were generally different between culture in open field and culture under shelters. Except Al which could be toxic for cultivated vegetables, the soil properties and metal element concentrations decreased significantly in open field soil with time, while they did not vary in open shade structure soils. The pseudo-total cadmium concentration was below detection limits in all soils. The multivariate analysis showed that Al, Fe and Pb were of lithogenic origin, and Cu, Zn and Mn were of anthropogenic origin.
Advances in thermoelectrics (2018)

Thermoelectric generators, capable of directly converting heat into electricity, hold great promise for tackling the ever-increasing energy sustainability issue. The thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency is heavily dependent upon the materials’ performance that is quantified by the dimensionless figure-of-merit (ZT). Therefore, the central issue in the research of thermoelectric materials lies in continuously boosting the ZT value. Although thermoelectric effects were discovered in the nineteenth century, it was only until the 1950s when classic materials like Bi2Te3 and PbTe were developed and basic science of thermoelectrics was established. However, the research of thermoelectrics did not take a smooth path but a rather tortuous one with ups and downs. After hiatus in the 1970s and 1980s, relentless efforts starting from the 1990s were devoted to understanding the transport and coupling of electrons and phonons, identifying strategies for improving the thermoelectric performance of existing materials, and discovering new promising compounds. Rewardingly, substantial improvements in materials’ performance have been achieved that broke the ZT limit of unity. Meanwhile, advancements in fundamental understanding related to thermoelectrics have also been made. In this Review, recent advances in the research of thermoelectric materials are overviewed. Herein, strategies for improving and decoupling the individual thermoelectric parameters are first reviewed, together with a discussion on open questions and distinctly different opinions. Recent advancements on a number of good thermoelectric materials are highlighted and several newly discovered promising compounds are discussed. Existing challenges in the research of thermoelectric materials are outlined and an outlook for the future thermoelectrics research is presented. The paper concludes with a discussion of topics in other fields but related to thermoelectricity.
Myoma vs. contraction in pregnancy: Differentiation with color Doppler imaging (1993)

During pregnancy, leiomyomas may cause complications such as spontaneous abortion, premature labor, and obstruction of labor. The conventional real-time ultrasound examination usually detects myomas adequately, but, in some cases, a local thickening of the uterine wall persists throughout the examination, interfering with the differentiation between myoma and contraction. In such cases, repeat scanning approximately 30 minutes later differentiates contractions, which usually resolve, from myomas. We examined 10 patients with B mode and color Doppler ultrasonography. In the 5 patients with myoma, we observed splaying of the vessels around the mass, whereas in the 5 patients with contraction, there was no vessel displacement in the area of the local myometrial thickening. The use of color Doppler and observation of these findings may obviate a prolonged ultrasound examination in questionable cases.
DNA Mismatch Detection by Resonance Energy Transfer between Ruthenium(II) and Osmium(II) Tris(2,2‘-bipyridyl) Chromophores (2005)

Octahedral tris-chelate complexes [M(II)(bpy)(3)](2+) (M = Ru or Os, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl), covalently attached to the 3'- and 5'-phosphates of two oligonucleotides, are juxtaposed when hybridized contiguously to a fully complementary DNA target. Visible metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excitation of the [Ru(II)(bpy)(3)](2+) unit leads to resonance energy transfer to the MLCT state of the [Os(II)(bpy)(3)](2+) moiety, with the energy transfer efficiency depending on the degree of hybridization. The extent of attenuation of the intense red luminescence from the Ru(II) chromophore hence allows highly sensitive structural probing of the assembly and constitutes a novel approach to DNA sensing which is capable of detecting mutations.
Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Neurodegenerative Disease and Its Management (2023)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects many people. While a variety of non-motor manifestations may occur, the typical clinical characteristics include a mobility disorder characterized by dyskinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity, with spasticity developing later. The cause of Parkinson's disease is unknown, but several genetic risk factors and several genes that cause rare familial forms of the disease have now been identified. Environmental factors such as tobacco smoke, coffee intake, and exposure to toxic substances have been proposed to alter the risk of Parkinson's disease development, while their function remains unknown. The movement problem is caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, with intracellular aggregation of -synuclein in the form of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites being the pathogenic hallmark. Sleep difficulties are widespread in Parkinson's disease (PD), as reported by nearly two-thirds of PD patients. They are characterized clinically as disorders of the beginning and continuation of sleep, hypnagogic hallucinations, and severe daytime drowsiness SDD. DIMS is caused by degenerative changes in the CNS that affect sleep regulation centers, the persistence of daytime PDrelated symptoms into the night, concurrent mental health disease, instability of circadian rhythms, and the effects of signal transduction pathways (and other) medication on circadian rhythm. This review gives detailed information about the manifestations and clinical approaches in treating PD and also focuses on the preferential signs and symptoms associated with the incurring stage of the disease.
FILTERS: AN AID IN COLOR-INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY (1977)

It is necessary at times to change the color balance of infrared-sensitive color films in order to obtain optimum results for optimum balance, one application is different from that required for another, or to compensate for changes in the film caused by keeping conditions or process variations. Because of the unique color characteristics of these films, the selection of filters and the understanding of their effects is not as straightforward as with normal- color films. In order to clarify the use of filters and to illustrate how they can be used effectively, descriptions of the filters, their effects on the sensitometric characteristics and on the visual effects in the processed film are described. Viewing filters also can be used to some extent to assist in the analysis of the results obtained. /Author/
Lattice computers for approximating Euclidean space (2001)

In the context of mesh-like, parallel processing computers for (i) approximating continuous space and (ii) analog simulation of the motion of objects and waves in continuous space, the present paper is concerned with which mesh-like interconnection of processors might be particularly suitable for the task and why. Processor interconnection schemes based on nearest neighbor connections in geometric lattices are presented along with motivation. Then two major threads are exploded regarding which lattices would be good: the regular lattices , for their symmetry and other properties in common with continuous space, and the well-known root lattices , for being, in a sense, the lattices required for physically natural basic algorithms for motion. The main theorem of the present paper implies that the well-known lattice A n is the regular lattice having the maximum number of nearest neighbors among the n -dimensional regular lattices. It is noted that the only n -dimensional lattices that are both regular and root are A n and Z n (Z n is the lattice of n -cubes. The remainder of the paper specifies other desirable properties of A n including other ways it is superior to Z n for our purposes.
The Way Things Work (1988)

What really makes the things around us tick? Did you know that the principle behind the zip fastener also governed the building of the pyramids? Or that the dentist's drill is a direct descendant of the first windmill? The inner workings of hundreds of machines and devices are explained in this fun, colourful and unique look at technology through time.
Hotel Sustainability Benchmarking Tool 2015: Energy, Water, and Carbon (2015)

This tool—a result of the Cornell Hotel Sustainability Benchmarking (CHSB) study—grows out of a series of meetings and roundtables in which lodging industry representatives expressed the need to develop operating benchmarks for energy use, water consumption, and carbon emissions. As explained here, developing such benchmarks is challenging, due to the wide variety of hotel operations worldwide.1 Now in its second year, the CHSB is undertaken annually for the following purposes:\n• Provide credible benchmarks according to industry-specific segmentation and metrics globally;\n• Provide industry data analysis, using a confidential data set maintained by an academic center that will not be shared with third parties or used commercially; and\n• Work toward establishing a commonly defined, transparent, and rigorous method for modeling energy and water usage based on hotel-specific attributes and data that are applicable and current.
Figure S1 from Optimized EGFR Blockade Strategies in <i>EGFR</i> Addicted Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1&lt;/p&gt;
Correcting the hub occurrence prediction bias in many dimensions (2015)

Data reduction is a common pre-processing step for k-nearest neighbor classification (kNN). The existing prototype selection methods implement different criteria for selecting relevant points to use in classification, which constitutes a selection bias. This study examines the nature of the instance selection bias in intrinsically high-dimensional data. In high-dimensional feature spaces, hubs are known to emerge as centers of influence in kNN classification. These points dominate most kNN sets and are often detrimental to classification performance. Our experiments reveal that different instance selection strategies bias the predictions of the behavior of hub-points in high-dimensional data in different ways. We propose to introduce an intermediate un-biasing step when training the neighbor occurrence models and we demonstrate promising improvements in various hubness-aware classification methods, on a wide selection of high-dimensional synthetic and real-world datasets.
Mechanism of action of an antifungal antibiotic, RI-331, (S) 2-amino-4-oxo-5-hydroxypentanoic acid; kinetics of inactivation of homoserine dehydrogenase. FROM Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1992)

An antifungal antibiotic (S) 2-amino-4-oxo-5-hydroxypentanoic acid, inhibited the biosynthesis of the aspartate family of amino acids (methionine, isoleucine and threonine) followed by the inhibition of protein biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This inhibition was effected by impeding the biosynthesis of their common intermediate precursor, homoserine. The inhibition of biosynthesis of homoserine by the antibiotic was attributable to inactivation of homoserine dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.3], which is involved in the conversion of aspartate semialdehyde to homoserine in the metabolic pathway leading to threonine, methionine and isoleucine. Since such enzymic activity is not present in animal cells, the selective antifungal activity of the antibiotic is thus explained.
Dynamic MRI of transcorneal dispersion of oxygen into the anterior chamber of human eye (1998)

To measure the transcorneal dispersion of oxygen into the anterior chamber, dynamic T1-weighted fast-spin-echo MRI (TR=2 seconds, TE=15 msec, 5-mm slice) of the human eye was performed both before and during oxygen supply to a full goggle placed on the face. During the course of the imaging, a significant increase in the signals in the anterior chamber occurred. This indicated that transcorneal dispersion of oxygen into the anterior chamber can be evaluated by this procedure, suggesting that this method may be useful for diagnosing dysfunction of the cornea or aqueous flow.
Homozygous α Thalassemia/HB G Philadelphia (1982)

Microcytic red cells from a 70 year old Negro man with mild anemia contained only hemoglobin G-Philadelphia. Red cells from all of his children had low-normal MCV's, and contained 32-34 percent of the abnormal hemoglobin. Oxygen affinity of his blood and stability of his hemolysate were normal, suggesting that his mild anemia was not caused by the the abnormal hemoglobin. Restriction endonuclease analyses of DNA from the proband and his offspring showed that the alpha G-Philadelphia globin gene exists in only one copy per chromosome. The new gene was probably created by an unequal cross-over which deleted an alpha globin coding sequence (derived from one or both alpha globin genes), as well as some or all of the DNA sequence between those genes.