gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anthocyanidins-enriched bilberry extracts inhibit 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation via the insulin pathway (2011)

Our data demonstrate that anthocyanidin enriched bilberry extracts strongly inhibit the adipocyte differentiation via the insulin pathway. Furthermore, bilberry extracts might be used as a potential complementary treatment for the obese patients with metabolic syndrome.
Evaluation of short-, mid- and long-term effects of toe clipping on a wild rodent (2014)

Context Toe clipping is a widely used method for permanent marking of small mammals, but its effects are not well known, despite the ethical and scientific implications. Most studies do not find any clear effects, but there is some indication that toe clipping can affect survival in specific cases. Although effects on survival are arguably the most important, more subtle effects are also plausible, yet very few studies have included body condition and none has investigated effects on mobility. Aims We analysed the effects of toe clipping on free-living Mastomys natalensis, a common, morphologically and behaviourally intermediate small rodent. Methods Using a 17-year capture–mark–recapture dataset, we compared movement, body weight and survival between newly and previously clipped animals, and tested whether any of these parameters correlated with the number of clipped toes. Key results No evidence for a correlation between total number of clips and any of the variables was found. Newly clipped animals had a slightly smaller weight change and larger travel distance than did those that were already clipped, and we show that this is most likely due to stress caused by being captured, clipped and handled for the first time rather than to the actual clipping. Conclusions The combination of trapping, handling and marking has a detectable effect on multimammate mice; however, there is no evidence for a clear effect of toe clipping. Implications Our study suggests a re-evaluation of ethical guidelines on small-mammal experiments, so as to reach a rational, fact-based decision on which marking method to use.
HReA: An Energy-Efficient Embedded Dynamically Reconfigurable Fabric for 13-Dwarfs Processing (2017)

In this brief, a hybrid-grained reconfigurable architecture (HReA) is introduced to process 13-Dwarfs. The proposed dynamically reconfigurable fabric consists of four 4 × 4 multi-functional processing elements array, where a hybrid-grained structure is proposed to combine a 32-bit data path with a 1-bit data path to accommodate multiple computing granularities in 13-Dwarfs. Aiming at the flexibility of the 13-Dwarfs calculation, a directional broadcasting scheme for multi-bank memory, a cache partitioning mechanism, and cache prefetching methods are proposed to further improve HReA performance via alleviating data and configuration bandwidth bottlenecks. The HReA is implemented on a 4.83 × 4.93 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> silicon with TSMC 65-nm LP1P8M CMOS technology and can efficiently perform 27 representative kernels from the 13-Dwarfs with 297 mW under 280-MHz working frequency.
The Valvo‐Pump, An Axial Blood Pump Implanted at the Heart Valve Position: Concept and Initial Results (1992)

The valvo-pump, an axial nonpulsatile blood pump implanted at the heart valve position, has been developed. The valvo-pump consists of an impeller and a motor, which are encased in a housing. An impeller with 5 vanes (22.0 mm in diameter) is used. The impeller is connected to a samarium-cobalt-rare earth magnet direct current (DC) brushless motor measuring 21.3 mm in diameter and 18.5 mm in length. Sealing is achieved by means of a ferrofluidic seal. A pump flow of 10.5 L/min was obtained at a pump differential pressure of 3.3 kPa (25 mm Hg), and a flow of 4.9 L/min was obtained at 7.0 kPa (53 mm Hg). Sealing was kept perfect against a pressure of 29.3 kPa (220 mm Hg) at 9,000 rpm.
Using trustworthy host-based information in the network (2012)

As hardware support for improved endhost security becomes ubiquitous, it is important to consider how network security and performance can benefit from these improvements. If portions of each endhost can be trusted, then network infrastructure no longer needs to arduously and imprecisely reconstruct data already known by the endhosts. Through the design of a general-purpose architecture we call Assayer, we explore issues in providing trusted host-based data, including the balance between useful data and user privacy, and the tradeoffs between security and efficiency. We also evaluate the usefulness of such information in several case studies. We implement and evaluate a basic Assayer prototype. Our prototype requires fewer than 1,000 lines of code on the endhost. Endhosts can annotate their outbound traffic in a few microseconds, and these annotations can be checked efficiently; even packet-level annotations on a gigabit link can be checked with a loss in throughput of only 13.1%.
Lattice Code Design for the Rayleigh Fading Wiretap Channel (2010)

It has been shown recently that coding for the Gaussian Wiretap Channel can be done with nested lattices. A fine lattice intended to the legitimate user must be designed as a usual lattice code for the Gaussian Channel, while a coarse lattice is added to introduce confusion at the eavesdropper, whose theta series must be minimized. We present a design criterion for both the fine and coarse lattice to obtain wiretap lattice codes for the Rayleigh fading Wiretap Channel.
Three-Dimensional Ni2P Nanoarray: An Efficient Catalyst Electrode for Sensitive and Selective Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing with High Specificity (2016)

It is highly attractive to construct a natural enzyme-free electrode for sensitive and selective detection of glucose. In this Letter, we report that a Ni2P nanoarray on conductive carbon cloth (Ni2P NA/CC) behaves as an efficient three-dimensional catalyst electrode for glucose electrooxidation under alkaline conditions. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the Ni2P NA/CC, when used as a nonenzymatic glucose sensor, offers superior analytical performances with a short response time of 5 s, a wide detection range of 1 μM to 3 mM, a low detection limit of 0.18 μM (S/N = 3), a response sensitivity of 7792 μA mM(-1) cm(-2), and satisfactory selectivity, specificity, and reproducibility. Moreover, it can also be used for glucose detection in human blood serum, promising its application toward determination of glucose in real samples.
Contrast enhancement using recursive mean-separate histogram equalization for scalable brightness preservation (2003)

Histogram equalization (HE) is widely used for contrast enhancement. However, it tends to change the brightness of an image and hence, not suitable for consumer electronic products, where preserving the original brightness is essential to avoid annoying artifacts. Bi-histogram equalization (BBHE) has been proposed and analyzed mathematically that it can preserve the original brightness to a certain extend. However, there are still cases that are not handled well by BBHE, as they require higher degree of preservation. This paper proposes a generalization of BBHE referred to as recursive mean-separate histogram equalization (RMSHE) to provide not only better but also scalable brightness preservation. BBHE separates the input image's histogram into two based on its mean before equalizing them independently. While the separation is done only once in BBHE, this paper proposes to perform the separation recursively; separate each new histogram further based on their respective mean. It is analyzed mathematically that the output image's mean brightness will converge to the input image's mean brightness as the number of recursive mean separation increases. Besides, the recursive nature of RMSHE also allows scalable brightness preservation, which is very useful in consumer electronics. Simulation results show that the cases which are not handled well by HE, BBHE and dualistic sub image histogram equalization (DSIHE), have been properly enhanced by RMSHE.
Enhanced Internal Coating Structure and Light Reflectance of Coated Papers: A Sludge Valorization Process (2023)

Paper mill sludge (PMS) is a high-volume waste of the pulp-papermaking industry, containing cellulose fibers. This paper introduces cellulose nanofibers extracted from PMS (CNFsPMS) and their application in paper coatings using a wire-wound coating method to enhance internal and optical properties of paper. Three factors were investigated: (i) CNFsPMS amount, (ii) number of layers, and (iii) surface treatment via a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial design. The experimental responses were tracked by fundamentally important internal properties including porosity, air permeability, thickness, roughness, and optical properties of brightness, gloss, and CIE L*a*b* color coordination. The results showed that CNFPMS enhances porosity to 91 mL/min, permeability to 0.5 × 10–3 μm2, and gloss to 29.5 at 1 wt % CNFsPMS applied in two layers with 500 pli calendering. Roughness improves to 2 μm at all levels of CNFsPMS applied to two layers with 500 calendering. CNFsPMS prevents a decrease in brightness and improves lightness, suggesting more colors can be produced in printing applications. The utilization of PMS for papermaking applications can add value to these underutilized residues and open a new revenue stream by reusing it as a high-value material.
Validity of Internal Filtration-Enhanced Hemodialysis as a New Hemodiafiltration Therapy (2009)

In order to improve solute removal efficiency, several types of dialyzers with enhanced internal filtration (IF) were introduced for clinical applications. In these dialyzers, enhanced IF increased convective transport of the solute in addition to diffusive transport. Internal filtration-enhanced hemodialysis (IFEHD) defined as hemodialysis therapy using the enhanced IF dialyzer seems to be more convenient in comparison with conventional hemodiafiltration therapies because of no additional equipments such as a roller pump. In this paper, the validity of IFEHD was examined during several types of experimental studies. As a result, the experimental study with several types of enhanced IF dialyzers indicated values of relative solute clearance in an aqueous solution that were higher than unity compared to the conventional dialyzer. The K values obtained for myoglobin as a larger molecule were more than twice as high. The value of IF flow rate (Q(IF)) was evaluated by pulsed Doppler ultrasonography. The blood flow velocity at a cross-sectional plane of the dialyzer was directly measured along the dialyzer during a bovine in vitro study using a newly developed probe slider. Doppler ultrasonography is a useful method as a bedside monitoring of the Q(IF) value in a dialyzer because it is noninvasive for the patient. Time course of the Q(IF) value was examined for 6 h during a bovine in vitro study. The Q(IF) decreased within 45 min after the start of the experiment and reached constant values after that. Although creatinine and beta(2)-microglobulin K values remained constant with time during the experiment, alpha(1)-microglobulin K values gradually and albumin K value steeply decreased with time. This is because these solutes transfer through the membrane strongly affected by fouling. The validity of IFEHD was clarified during the experimental studies. Development of a dialyzer with enhanced IF, however, should take account of the patient's safety. Contaminations such as endotoxin invasion from the dialysate to the patient should be avoided.
A massively parallel algorithm for local binary pattern based face recognition (2006)

In this paper, we present a novel massively parallel implementation of a local binary pattern based face recognition algorithm, improving the recognition accuracy. An adaptive block matching method is introduced in the context of the proposed algorithm for massively parallel image processing, allowing simultaneous face alignment and recognition. We also consider main architecture level issues in the hardware implementation of a dedicated binary array performing the LBP based face recognition
Antibacterial poly(D,L-lactic acid) coating of medical implants using a biodegradable drug delivery technology (2003)

Poly(D,L-lactic acid) coating of implants could offer new perspectives in preventing biomaterial-associated infections. Combinations with other drugs to formulate custom-tailored implant surfaces are feasible.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of the Oxidative Addition of an Epoxide to Platinum(II): Relevance to Catalytic Reactions of Epoxides. (1990)

Abstract The reaction of (R)‐styrene oxide and that of cyclic trans‐CHD‐CHPh‐O with CO 2 and PtMe 2 ( 1 ,10‐phenanthroline) are investigated using NMR techniques.
Si Based Green ELD: Si-Oxygen Superlattice (2000)

A new type of superlattice, semiconductor-atomic superlattice (SAS), is discussed. Specifically, a superlattice with multiple periods of Si/O shows green electroluminescence. Oxygen is introduced via absorption followed by thin Si deposition, usually between 1 and 2 nm thick. The MBE deposited structure shows epitaxy. The electroluminescence diode (ELD) has been life-tested for more than one year without degradation. High resolution TEM shows that defect density at the Si/O interface is below 109 cm–2. A preliminary calculation shows that the Si/O complex results in a barrier height of 0.9 eV for silicon. The door is opened for device applications in silicon optoelectronics.
Nitrogen metabolic profile of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris strains under stress conditions (2014)

Póster presentado en la V International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld 2013), celebrada en Madrid del 2 al 4 de octubre de 2013.
A photographic scale for the evaluation of facial skin aging in Indian women (2011)

The process of facial skin aging differs between different ethnic populations. Standardized tools to objectively evaluate facial skin aging in clinical and epidemiological studies in different ethnic populations are needed. We designed and validated a photonumeric scale for assessment of facial aging in the Indian population. A total of 149 subjects were selected from an electronic photographic database of 300 women from the Mumbai region. An expert consensus panel selected nine subjects representing a spectrum of skin damage from none to severe, on the basis of wrinkling and tissue slackening. The nine-point scale, composed of one face-on and one oblique photo of the same subject per grade, was validated by nine independent judges in 99 subjects with a repetition two weeks later. Inter-observer reliability and intra-observer reproducibility were calculated using Kappa coefficients. Validation of the scale showed a high level of inter-observer reliability between the consensus and independent panels, and intra-observer reproducibility between the two evaluations performed by the independent judges. In conclusion, this nine-point facial aging scale is a reliable tool for clinical evaluations of skin damage in Indian women, suitable for use in clinical and epidemiological studies.
Induction of Prolactin Receptors in Rat Liver after the Administration of Growth Hormone* (1981)

The pituitary regulation of the sexually differentiated PRL receptor in rat liver was studied. PRL receptors were measured in a crude membrane fraction (105,000 × g pellet) using [125I]iodohuman PRL as tracer. Human GH (hGH), continuously administered by Alzet osmotic minipumps with an infusion rate of 5 μg/h for 1 week, was shown to induce PRL receptors in livers from male and female hypophysectomized-gonadectomized rats. The PRL receptors were increased to a level found in control female rat livers. This inductive effect of hGH was also seen in adrenalectomized and thyroidectomized male rats. In intact male rats given hGH, PRL receptors were increased to a female level in 4–7 days. hGH was effective in doses of 2.5 and 5 Μg/μl in inducing a female receptor pattern. The induced PRL receptors in male rats had characteristics similar to those of hepatic PRL receptors in female rats when data were calculated according to Scatchard (Kd = 0.13 × 10-9vs. 0.15 × 10-9 M; number of binding sites 88 vs. 57 fmol/mg protein). Also, the endogenous rat hormones, rat PRL (rPRL) and rat GH (rGH), were administered by minipumps to hypophysectomized male rats. With the infusion rate used (10 μg/h), rPRL had no effect, whereas rGH (NIAMDD-B6) increased PRL receptor levels to approximately 37% of the female control level. A more complete induction of PRL receptors (75% of the female control levels) in hypophysectomized males was achieved using another preparation of rGH (NIAMDD 1-4). Also, in hypophysectomized female rats, rPRL was ineffective in inducing PRL receptors. On the other hand, ovine PRL was found to give a partial restoration of PRL receptors in hypophysectomized female rats. The results indicate that GH or a peptide related to GH may be involved in the regulation of hepatic PRL receptors. However, the results do not rule out the possibility that rPRL, when present in doses other than those used in the present investigation, may also play a role in receptor regulation.
Profiling cyber attacks using alert regression profiles (2004)

There are three fundamental requirements of computer security: prevention, detection and response. All the three must be fully protected. This paper, discusses the need for creating a new intrusion prevention system (IPS) that when integrated with current intrusion detection system may provide comprehensive protection against new attacks and prevent all known attacks. The fundamental building blocks of this system is the concept of building chronological ordered sequence of events which represent the details of the attacks (ARP). Then by applying the three weighting models we are able to provide more realistic views of attacks. This concept of weighting, where different events are assigned different weights, serves as the basis of the alert regression profile allowing the use of thresholds. Thresholds represent the fine balance between the accuracy of the alert and its timeliness. Hopefully the ideas presented in this paper may introduce some new ideas to this field so as to one day contain or eliminate all threats.
Diagnosis of Arbitrary Defects Using Neighborhood Function Extraction (2005)

We present a methodology for diagnosing arbitrary defects in digital integrated circuits (ICs). Rather than using one or a set of fault models in a cause-effect or effect-cause approach, our methodology derives defect behavior from, the test set, the circuit and its response, and the physical neighbors that surround a potential defect location. The defect locations themselves are identified using a model-independent stage. The methodology enables accurate identification of defect location and behavior through validation via simulation using passing and additional diagnostic test patterns. A byproduct of our methodology is the distinction that can be made among stuck-fault equivalencies which results in improved diagnostic resolution. Several types of shorts and opens are used to demonstrate the applicability of our approach to the diagnosis of arbitrary defects.
Evaluation of Aquatic Insect Emergence Traps1 (1967)

Performance of submerged and floating pyramidal-traps was compared with that of a new design, the staked box-trap for estimating the emergence of midges (Chironomidae and Chaoboridae) in waste-stabilization lagoons. The box-trap and pyramidal-traps collected similar numbers of midges, but the former was superior for servicing because, after a sliding base was inserted, adults could be killed and aspirated. This technique eliminated loss of adults. Submerged traps captured only 5% as many midges as did the surface traps. Field and laboratory results indicated that dear plastic traps catch more midges than black plastic traps of similar design and are therefore considered to give a more accurate estimate of emergence. Criteria for accurate estimation of emergence are discussed.
Semantics-Empowered Communications Through the Age of Incorrect Information (2022)

In this paper, we introduce the Age of Incorrect Information (AoII) as an enabler for semantics-empowered communication, a newly advocated communication paradigm centered around data’s role and its usefulness to the communication’s goal. First, we shed light on how the traditional communication paradigm, with its role-blind approach to data, is vulnerable to performance bottlenecks. Next, we consider the problem of minimizing the average AoII in a transmitter-receiver pair scenario. We prove that the optimal transmission strategy is a randomized threshold policy, and we propose an algorithm that finds the optimal parameters. Finally, we implement our policy in a real-life application, and we showcase its performance advantages compared to both the error-optimal and the AoI-optimal policies.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the tensor vastus intermedius: A topographic study based on anatomical dissections (2017)

The tensor of the vastus intermedius (TVI) is a newly described component of the extensor apparatus of the knee joint. The objective of this study was to evaluate the appearance of the TVI on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and its association with the adjacent vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus intermedius (VI) muscles and to compare these findings with the corresponding anatomy. MR images were analyzed from a cadaveric thigh where the TVI, as part of the extensor apparatus of the knee joint, had been dissected. The course of the TVI in relation to the adjacent VL and VI was studied. The anatomic dissection and MR imaging revealed a multilayered organization of the lateral extensor apparatus of the knee joint. The TVI is an intervening muscle between the VL and VI that combined into a broad flat aponeurosis in the midthigh and merged into the quadriceps tendon. Dorsally, the muscle fibers of the TVI joined those of the VL and VI and blended into the attachment at the lateral lip of the linea aspera. In this area, distinguishing between these three muscles was not possible macroscopically or virtually by MR imaging. In the dorsal aspect, the onion-like muscle layers of the VL, TVI, and VI fuse to a hardly separable muscle mass indicating that these muscles work in conjunction to produce knee extension torque when knee joint action is performed. Clin. Anat. 30:1096-1102, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.