gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of estrogen receptors and enzymes involved in sex steroid metabolism in the rat tibia during sexual maturation (2004)

Estrogens are essential for bone mass accrual but their role before sexual maturation has remained elusive. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we investigated the expression of both estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta mRNA and protein as well as several mRNAs coding for enzymes involved in sex steroid metabolism (aromatase, type I and II 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD), steroid sulfatase (STS) and type I 5 alpha-reductase) on sections of tibial metaphyses before (1- and 4-week-old), during (7-week-old) and after (16-week-old) sexual maturation in female and male rats. ER alpha and ER beta mRNA and protein were detected in metaphyseal bone in lining cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and some osteocytes with no apparent differences in expression during development or between the sexes. In contrast, aromatase, type I and II 17 beta-HSD and type I 5 alpha-reductase mRNAs were first detected in osteoblasts, osteoclasts and occasionally in osteocytes from sexual maturation (7-week-old rat) and onwards. Only STS was present before sexual maturation. To study the significance of ER alpha and beta expression in bone before sexual maturation when circulating sex steroid levels are low, 26-day-old female and male rats underwent gonadectomy or 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)) supplementation (0.5 mg/21 days) during 3 weeks. Following gonadectomy, trabecular bone volume (TBV) was lower in males (P=0.03) and there was a trend towards reduction in females (P=0.057). E(2) supplementation increased tibial TBV compared with controls in both genders as assessed by Masson-Goldner staining. These data suggest that the presence of ERs in bone cells before sex maturation might be of significance for bone mass accrual. Furthermore, based on the mRNA expression of the crucial enzymes aromatase and type I 17 beta-HSD, we suggest that bone cells in the tibial metaphysis acquire the intrinsic capacity to metabolize sex steroids from sexual maturation onwards. This process may contribute to the beneficial effects of estrogen on bone mass accrual, possibly by intracrinology.
Eine orthogonale Glycosylierungsstrategie für den raschen Aufbau von Oligosacchariden an einem polymeren Träger (1996)

Nur ein einziger Reinigungsschritt ist zur Isolierung der Glycokonjugat‐ähnlichen Oligosaccharide nötig, die nach der hier vorgestellten Strategie (unten schematisch gezeigt) synthetisiert wurden. Vor der Reinigung muß das Oligosaccharid lediglich vom polymeren Träger abgespalten und entschützt werden. magnified image
Pseudoaldosteronism with hypokalemic myopathy due to Neo-Umor(glycyrrhizin). (1988)

症例は72才の女性.著明な四肢麻痺.低K血症,代謝性アルカローシス,低レニン低アルドステロン血症を認めた.ネオユモールの服用中止とK剤の補充により,全身状態が改善,再度ネオユモールを投与し低レニン低アルドステロン血症を認めたので,ネオユモールによる偽性アルドステロン症と診断した.本例はグリチルリン含有量90mg/日と本邦報告例中最少量で発生しており,胃炎治療薬による本症はこれが本邦第1例である.
A 2A adenosine receptor functional states characterized by 19 F-NMR (2018)

The human proteome contains 826 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), which control a wide array of key physiological functions, making them important drug targets. GPCR functions are based on allosteric coupling from the extracellular orthosteric drug binding site across the cell membrane to intracellular binding sites for partners such as G proteins and arrestins. This signaling process is related to dynamic equilibria in conformational ensembles that can be observed by NMR in solution. A previous high-resolution NMR study of the A<sub>2A</sub> adenosine receptor (A<sub>2A</sub>AR) resulted in a qualitative characterization of a network of such local polymorphisms. Here, we used <sup>19</sup>F-NMR experiments with probes at the A<sub>2A</sub>AR intracellular surface, which provides the high sensitivity needed for a refined description of different receptor activation states by ensembles of simultaneously populated conformers and the rates of exchange among them. We observed two agonist-stabilized substates that are not measurably populated in apo-A<sub>2A</sub>AR and one inactive substate that is not seen in complexes with agonists, suggesting that A<sub>2A</sub>AR activation includes both induced fit and conformational selection mechanisms. Comparison of A<sub>2A</sub>AR and a constitutively active mutant established relations between the <sup>19</sup>F-NMR spectra and signaling activity, which enabled direct assessment of the difference in basal activity between the native protein and its variant.
A Facile Chiral Pool Synthesis of (S)-6-Nitroindoline-2-carboxylic Acid from l-Phenylalanine (2009)

Corrected by: A Facile Chiral Pool Synthesis of (S)-6-Nitroindoline-2-carboxylic Acid from l-PhenylalanineSynthesis 2010; 2010(03): e1-e1DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1218648
Theory of cavity-polariton self-trapping and optical strain in polymer chains (2006)

We consider a semiconductor polymer chain coupled to a single electromagnetic mode in a cavity. The excitations of the chain have a mixed exciton-photon character and are described as polaritons. Polaritons are coupled to the lattice by the deformation potential interaction and can propagate in the chain. We find that the presence of optical excitation in the polymer induces strain on the lattice. We use a BCS variational wave function to calculate the chemical potential of the polaritons as a function of their density. We analyze first the case of a short chain with only two unit cells in order to check the validity of our variational approach. In the case of a long chain and for a strong coupling with the lattice, the system undergoes a phase transition corresponding to the self-trapping of polaritons. The role of the exciton spontaneous emission and cavity damping is discussed in the case of homogeneous optical lattice strain.
Electronic Structure of the Ultrathin Cs/Si(100)-(2 × 1) and Cs/Si(111)-(7 × 7) Interfaces in the Threshold Energy Region (1998)

The electronic band structure of the Cs/Si(100)-(2 × 1) and Cs/Si(111)-(7 × 7) interfaces has been studied near the Fermi level at submonolayer coverages. The technique of threshold photoemission spectroscopy with linearly polarized light excitation has been employed. Surface photoemission spectra reveal on Cs-induced band which can be either below the VBM or at the Fermi level, depending on the substrate. Parameters of the Cs band and the change in ionization energy and work function are obtained as a function of Cs coverage. Experimental data provide direct evidence that the Cs/Si(100)-(2 × 1) interface exhibits semiconducting charcter in a great part of the submonolayer range, in contrast to the metallic-like Cs/Si(111)-(7 × 7) interface.
Photon statistics without coincidence counting using an unbalanced beam-splitter (2019)

We have developed a new method to determine the photon statistics of a light source without the need for coincidence counting. Our method relies on using an asymmetric beam-splitter with intentional asymmetrical losses in a non-photon-number resolving detection system. We observe that the counts from one arm of the beam-splitter, when plotted as a function of the counts from the other arm, follow universal single-parameter curves that hint to the statistics of the photon source. We make a series of measurements on single photons detected from an attenuated laser source and show that the data clearly conforms to the universal curve established exclusively for coherent sources. We also show that the data cannot be fitted to the universal curve for thermal and photon-number sources.
GRÁFICOS DE CONTROLE BASEADO NOS RESÍDUOS DO MODELO DE REGRESSÃO POISSON* CONTROL CHART BASED ON THE POISSON REGRESSION MODELS RESIDUALS* (2008)

The control chart based on the Poisson residuals has been useful for monitoring the number of nonconforming in an industrial process. The Poisson regression model is the most popular used by Generalized Linear Models, which is used to model the event count data. The Poisson regression model has an assumption that the variance is equal the mean, but it does not always happen, in many situations, it has found that the variance is greater than the mean, and this phenomenon is called as overdispersion. The data used in this study are the number of nonconforming at weaving section in the Textil Oeste Industry Ltda. It was observed that these data have a great variability and have overdispersion. Thus, it was necessary to apply the Poisson regression models before the use of the control charts techniques.
Spatiotemporal salient points for visual recognition of human actions (2006)

This paper addresses the problem of human-action recognition by introducing a sparse representation of image sequences as a collection of spatiotemporal events that are localized at points that are salient both in space and time. The spatiotemporal salient points are detected by measuring the variations in the information content of pixel neighborhoods not only in space but also in time. An appropriate distance metric between two collections of spatiotemporal salient points is introduced, which is based on the chamfer distance and an iterative linear time-warping technique that deals with time expansion or time-compression issues. A classification scheme that is based on relevance vector machines and on the proposed distance measure is proposed. Results on real image sequences from a small database depicting people performing 19 aerobic exercises are presented.
Gingival phenotype distribution in young Caucasian women and men – An investigative study (2021)

No constant GP can be expected within one dentition. The use of the "Ramfjord teeth" may serve as a quick overview and reliable method to screen GP distribution.
Electric field induced switching of magnetic skyrmions and strain relief effects (Conference Presentation) (2017)

In ultrathin magnetic films deposited on heavy elements substrates, the interface-induced Dzyaloshinkii-Moriya interaction allows to stabilize non-collinear spin structures like magnetic skyrmions. These topologically protected objects are interesting for future data storage technologies like racetrack memories. We present spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy investigations on a three-atomic-layer thick Fe film deposited on Ir(111). In this system, the large epitaxial strain is relieved by the formation of a dense dislocation lines network. This particular structure of the film induces a symmetry breaking with dramatic consequences on the magnetic state. In zero field, spin spirals propagate along the dislocations lines and their period depends on the spacing between these lines, i.e. on the strain relief, which is locally varying [1]. We attribute this effect on the spirals to modifications of the exchange coupling. Single skyrmions appear in external magnetic field. We demonstrate that they can reliably be written and deleted by an STM tip [2]. The strong-bias polarity dependence and the linear behavior of the threshold voltage for switching with the tip-sample distance shows that electric field plays the dominant role in the switching mechanism. This switching between the topologically distinct magnetic states by electric fields may be beneficial in future spintronic devices employing skyrmions as information carriers. We acknowledge financial support by the European Union via the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant No.665095. [1] Finco et al, PRB 94, 214402 (2016) [2] Hsu et al, Nat. Nanotech. (2016)
*-CFQ: Analyzing the Scalability of Machine Learning on a Compositional Task (2021)

We present *-CFQ ("star-CFQ"): a suite of large-scale datasets of varying scope based on the CFQ semantic parsing benchmark, designed for principled investigation of the scalability of machine learning systems in a realistic compositional task setting. Using this suite, we conduct a series of experiments investigating the ability of Transformers to benefit from increased training data size under conditions of fixed computational cost. We show that compositional generalization remains a challenge at all training sizes, and we show that increasing the scope of natural language leads to consistently higher error rates, which are only partially offset by increased training data. We further show that while additional training data from a related domain improves the accuracy in data-starved situations, this improvement is limited and diminishes as the distance from the related domain to the target domain increases.
Vorhofflimmern — Vorhofflattern (2006)

Die aktuelle Therapie des Vorhofflimmerns erfordert eine grundlegende strategische Entscheidung: entweder persistierendes Vorhofflimmern zu akzeptieren („Frequenzkontrolle“) oder aber, so weit möglich, Sinusrhythmus herzustellen und zu erhalten („Rhythmuskontrolle“). Zur Stabilisierung des Sinusrhythmus nach Kardioversion oder bei paroxysmalem Vorhofflimmern empfiehlt sich in erster Linie ein nach Maßgabe der kardialen Grunderkrankung dimensionierter Versuch der antiarrhythmischen Arzneimitteltherapie. Bei medikamentöser Therapieresistenz kommt individuell die Anwendung alternativer invasiver Behandlungstrategien in Frage. Neben der präventiven Schrittmachertherapie sowie der pharmakologischen und ablativen Hybridtherapie stehen kathetergestützte Ablationstechniken mit linearen atrialen Läsionen oder Isolation von Pulmonalvenenarealen bei fokal induziertem Vorhofflimmern zur Verfügung. Diese interventionellen Verfahren sollten aufgrund ihrer begrenzten Effektivität und möglicher Komplikationen dem symptomatischen Patienten mit hohem Leidensdruck vorbehalten bleiben. Typisches rechtsatriales Vorhofflattern sollte bei persistierendem oder rekurrierendem Auftreten rasch einer Katheterablation des kavotrikuspidalen Isthmus zugeführt werden. Mit dieser komplikationsarmen und auch im Langzeitverlauf effektiven Therapie können nicht nur die Lebensqualität, sondern auch die ungünstigen hämodynamischen Folgen des Vorhofflatterns vermieden werden. Vorhofflimmern und Vorhofflattern stellen aufgrund ihrer zunehmenden Häufigkeit, der assoziierten Schlaganfallgefährdung (etwa 25% aller ischämischen Schlaganfälle sind vorhofflimmernbedingt), der hämodynamischen Folgen sowie der z.T. ausgeprägten Begleitsymptomatik eine besondere therapeutische Herausforderung dar. Die Prävalenz des Vorhofflimmerns wird auf etwa 0,4% der Gesamtbevölkerung geschätzt; pro Altersdekade kann von einer Prävalenzzunahme von etwa 1% ausgegangen werden, sodass bei den über 80–Jährigen in 6–8% Vorhofflimmern vorliegt [1]. Die vorliegenden unterschiedlichen Klassifikationen des Vorhofflimmerns beziehen sich auf pathophysiologische, ätiologische und klinische Aspekte. Von praktischer Bedeutung und allgemein akzeptiert ist die Unterteilung in paroxysmales (selbstterminierend, meist kürzer als 7 Tage), persistierendes (terminiert nur nach medikamentöser oder elektrischer Kardioversion; meist länger als 7 Tage) oder permanentes Vorhofflimmern (anhaltendes Vorhofflimmern, das entweder nicht mit Kardioversion beendet werden kann oder bei dem keine Kardioversion versucht wurde) [1]. Vor der Einleitung einer spezifischen Behandlung muss nach einer kausalen oder zumindest begünstigenden kardialen sowie extrakardialen Grunderkrankung gefahndet werden (z.B. Hyperthyreose, hypertensive Herzerkrankung). Vorhofflimmern ohne zugrund liegende kardiale oder extrakardiale Erkrankung („lone atrial fibrillation“) findet sich in etwa 12–30% aller Vorhofflimmerpatienten.
Electrocatalytic Activity of a Polypyridyl Ruthenium‐Oxo Complex Covalently Attached to a Graphite Felt Electrode. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Global non-invariance of the spectrum of light on propagation (1993)

During the last few years it has been conclusively demonstrated, both theoretically and experimentally, that the coherence properties of a source affect the spectrum of the emitted radiation.1 Expressed differently it was shown that the spectrum of the field depends not only on the spectrum of the source, but also on the state of coherence of the source. This result holds both for fields generated by primary sources, and for those generated by secondary ones, such as, for example, illuminated apertures or scattering media.
Investigation of Carbonate Substitution in Hydroxyapatite by Combining Solid‐state NMR and DFT Calculations (2023)

Abstract Biological apatites (main constituent of natural bones) correspond to non‐stoichiometric hydroxyapatite HAp, presenting a large variety of ions as substituents (CO 3 2− , F − , SiO 4 4− , Mg 2+ , Na + …). The precise location and configuration of ionic substitutes in the HAp matrix are generally difficult to identify and characterize. This contribution details the structural characterization based on NMR data of a particular case of hydroxyapatite substitution by carbonates. For this purpose, all substitution mechanisms proposed to our knowledge in the literature are modeled by DFT and the corresponding calculated NMR parameters allowed to propose or confirm some interpretations of a certain number of experimental observations to rationalize the dependencies of the 13 C chemical shift and energy on these structural parameters. The presented results open the way for a fast interpretation of 13 C NMR experiments on defective HAp materials and will allow to predict the most stable arrangement of CO 3 2− for a given family of defects.
Proprietary versus Open Instruction Sets (2016)

This article presents position statements and a question-and-answer session by panelists at the 4th Workshop on Computer Architecture Research Directions. The subject of the debate was proprietary versus free and open instruction set architectures.
MirZ: an integrated microRNA expression atlas and target prediction resource (2009)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNAs that act as guides for the degradation and translational repression of protein-coding mRNAs. A large body of work showed that miRNAs are involved in the regulation of a broad range of biological functions, from development to cardiac and immune system function, to metabolism, to cancer. For most of the over 500 miRNAs that are encoded in the human genome the functions still remain to be uncovered. Identifying miRNAs whose expression changes between cell types or between normal and pathological conditions is an important step towards characterizing their function as is the prediction of mRNAs that could be targeted by these miRNAs. To provide the community the possibility of exploring interactively miRNA expression patterns and the candidate targets of miRNAs in an integrated environment, we developed the MirZ web server, which is accessible at www.mirz.unibas.ch. The server provides experimental and computational biologists with statistical analysis and data mining tools operating on up-to-date databases of sequencing-based miRNA expression profiles and of predicted miRNA target sites in species ranging from Caenorhabditis elegans to Homo sapiens.
Diffuse coronary artery disease among other atherosclerotic plaque characteristics by coronary computed tomography angiography for predicting coronary vessel-specific ischemia by fractional flow reserve (2017)

Accounting for diffuse CAD may help improve the accuracy of CCTA for detecting vessel-specific ischemia.
Microbiota (2010)

We have recently demonstrated that microbiota stimulation of innate immune pathways is required for T cell spontaneous proliferation and chronic intestinal inflammation. Microbiota promoted spontaneous proliferation of T cells by activating dendritic cells to produce interleukin (IL)-6 via a TLR/Myd88-dependent pathway. Although both CBir1-specific Tcr transgenic (CBir1 Tg) T cells, which are specific for an immunodominant microbiota antigen and OT-II T cells, which are specific for the model antigen ovalbumin, underwent spontaneous proliferation, only CBir1 Tg T cells but not OT-II T cells induced colitis in specific pathogen-free RAG(-/-) mice. Blockade of il-6 or il-6-mediated spontaneous proliferation of CBir1 Tg T cells abrogated colitis induction in this adoptive transfer model. Our data reveal that microbiota serves as a natural adjuvant for T cell spontaneous proliferation and development of chronic intestinal inflammation and that both microbiota stimulation of innate immune cells with subsequent T cell spontaneous proliferation and microbiota antigen activation of antigen-specific Tcr are required for the induction of experimental colitis.
High glucose causes an increase in extracellular matrix proteins in cultured mesangial cells. (1990)

Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of the increased morbidity and mortality in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The most significant renal lesion of diabetic nephropathy is expansion of the glomerular mesangium. Thickening of the glomerular basement membrance is also apparent. Mesangial expansion is largely due to the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as fibronectin, laminin, and type IV collagen. To determine whether high glucose is responsible for the observed increase in mesangial cell ECM protein accumulation, mesangial cells were grown in tissue culture medium containing 10 mmol/l (millimolar) glucose (normal) or 30 mmol/l glucose (high). The degree of ECM protein accumulation was determined by immunocytochemistry and a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed in the laboratory. Mesangial cells cultured for 1 week contained fibronectin as the most abundant ECM protein, followed by laminin and type IV collagen. Type IV collagen was seen only after the cells had piled up into 'hillocks' (approximately 4 weeks of continuous growth without passaging). After 4 weeks in 30 mmol/l glucose, mesangial cells contained increased amounts of all three matrix proteins. Fibronectin and laminin were increased by approximately 60%, while type IV collagen was increased 50%. Cells subcultured in medium containing 30 mmol/l glucose for 8 months displayed a twofold increase in fibronectin and laminin. Thus, high glucose per se can cause changes in mesangial cell ECM. This cell culture model should be useful in elucidating the mechanisms involved.
Evaluation of Thio- and Seleno-Acetamides Bearing Benzenesulfonamide as Inhibitor of Carbonic Anhydrases from Different Pathogenic Bacteria (2020)

A series of 2-thio- and 2-seleno-acetamides bearing the benzenesulfonamide moiety were evaluated as Carbonic Anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors against different pathogenic bacteria such as the <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> (VchCA-α and VchCA-β), <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> (BpsCA-β and BpsCA-γ), <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Rv3723-β) and the <i>Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium</i> (StCA2-β). The molecules represent interesting leads worth developing as innovative antibacterial agents since they possess new mechanism of action and isoform selectivity preferentially against the bacterial expressed CAs. The identification of potent and selective inhibitors of bacterial CAs may lead to tools also useful for deciphering the physiological role(s) of such proteins.
The Spatio-Temporal Data Modeling and Application Based on Graph Database (2017)

Traditional spatio-temporal data model (STDM) is based on relational database, it is hard to convert problem domain model to relational model, which result in complicated query and low expansibility. In this regard, we propose the spatio-temporal data model based on graph database. The data model integrates TGIS's three key elements: space, time and attributes, and expressed spatio-temporal characteristics of TGIS explicitly. Finally, this paper gives a particular description of logistics distribution route optimization. Experimental results show that the model is proved to be appropriate for expressing the spatio-temporal process of world.