gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature sensitivity of soil microbial communities: An application of macromolecular rate theory to microbial respiration (2016)

Abstract There is compelling evidence that microbial communities vary widely in their temperature sensitivity and may adapt to warming through time. To date, this sensitivity has been largely characterized using a range of models relying on versions of the Arrhenius equation, which predicts an exponential increase in reaction rate with temperature. However, there is growing evidence from laboratory and field studies that observe nonmonotonic responses of reaction rates to variation in temperature, indicating that Arrhenius is not an appropriate model for quantitatively characterizing temperature sensitivity. Recently, Hobbs et al. (2013) developed macromolecular rate theory (MMRT), which incorporates thermodynamic temperature optima as arising from heat capacity differences between isoenzymes. We applied MMRT to measurements of respiration from soils incubated at different temperatures. These soils were collected from three grassland sites across the U.S. Great Plains and reciprocally transplanted, allowing us to isolate the effects of microbial community type from edaphic factors. We found that microbial community type explained roughly 30% of the variation in the CO 2 production rate from the labile C pool but that temperature and soil type were most important in explaining variation in labile and recalcitrant C pool size. For six out of the nine soil × inoculum combinations, MMRT was superior to Arrhenius. The MMRT analysis revealed that microbial communities have distinct heat capacity values and temperature sensitivities sometimes independent of soil type. These results challenge the current paradigm for modeling temperature sensitivity of soil C pools and understanding of microbial enzyme dynamics.
Socioeconomic Class and Race in Higher Education Paths and Outcomes: The Case of Ohio (2019)

The paper reviews literature that examines how race, class and incomes influence students entering college, focusing on the entire U.S. and on Ohio. The paper investigates he following. 1) Does racial demography and household income predict the type of public college or university Ohio seniors choose to attend? 2) Is there a relationship between household income and public college (both two and four-year schools) enrollment immediately after high school? The paper discusses how the provided analysis fit within the broader literature, and help in understanding the problem and in formulating solutions. The goal of this research is to examine some of the potential factors that are leading to unequal outcomes in higher education rather than identifying a single causal mechanism.
Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe/Fe-N Multilayered Films by Sputtering and ECR Plasma Nitridation (1992)

Fe/Fe-N multilyered films have been prepared by alternation of RF magnetron sputtering deposition and ECR plasma nitridation, and their soft magnetic properties and structures have been investigated. On the most suitable preparing conditions, they indicate high saturastion flux density Bs=1.81∼1.86 T, low coercivity Hc=25∼30 A/m and high permeability μ′=2300 at 20 MHz. In Fe/Fe-N films, periodic structure of concentration can be observed for Fe and N, and N atoms are intruded into Fe about 10 mol%. This unequilibrium α-Fe-N solid solution is transformed to γ′-Fe4N after annealing in vacuum. Factors of good soft magnetic properties are considered as follows.(1) The magnetic elastic effect of α-Fe stretched by N atoms.(2) Reduced effective magnetic anisotoropy as fine crystal grains.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pt(II) and Pd(II) Complexes with Planar Aromatic Oximes (2023)

A series of four Werner-type complexes of Pd(II) and Pt(II) with planar, isomeric conjugated aromatic naphtoquinone oximes were synthesized for the first time. These ligands were 1-oxime-2-naphtoquinone (HL1) and 2-oxime-1-napthoquinone (HL2). Compounds were characterized using thermal analysis, spectroscopic methods, and X-ray analysis. TG/DSC data were collected for pure starting organic ligands, their complexes, and indicated vigorous exothermic decomposition with at ~155 °C for starting HL and ~350 °C for transition metal complexes. Crystal structures for two Pt compounds with 2-oxime-1-quinone were determined and revealed the formation of the cis-geometry complexes and incorporation of molecules of stoichiometric solvents in the lattice: acetonitrile and nitrobenzene. Both solvents of crystallization displayed attractive interactions between their C-H groups and the oxygen atoms of the nitroso groups in complexes, leading to short distances in those fragments. Despite the presence of solvents of inclusion, the overall structure motifs in both compounds represent 1D columnar coordination polymer, in which the PtL2 units are held together via metallophilic interactions, thereby forming ‘Pt-wires’. The Hirshfield surface analysis was performed for both crystallographically characterized complexes. The results showed intermolecular π–π stacking and Pt–Pt interactions among the planar units of both complexes. In addition, the analysis also verified the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions between the platinum unit and solvent molecules. Solid bulk powdery samples of both PtL12 and PtL22 demonstrated pronounced photoluminescence in the near infrared region of spectrum at ~980 nm, being excited in the range of 750–800 nm. The NIR emission was observed only for Pt-complexes and not for pure starting organic ligands or Pd-complexes. Additionally, synthesized Pt-naphtoquinone oximes do not show luminescence in solutions, which suggests the importance of a 1D ‘metal wire’ structure for this process.
Design and Verification Strategies for Ensuring Long-Term Reliability of a 300-MHz Microprocessor (1995)

A number of factors such as hot carrier degradation and electromigration affect the long-term reliability of high performance microprocessors. The complexity and high clock rates of modern chips require sophisticated verification strategies to ensure that the design meets all reliability requirements. Design methodologies employed on the 300 Mhz Alpha 21164 microprocessor to ensure long-term reliability are examined.
Monocarboxylate transporter mediated uptake of moxifloxacin on human retinal pigmented epithelium cells (2013)

Apart from the lipophilicity, we anticipate that lowest vitreal half-life of intravitreal moxifloxacin compared with other fluoroquinolones may be due to its interaction with MCT. This information might be crucial in clinical settings and can be further explored to improve vitreous half-life and therapeutic efficacy of moxifloxacin.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2′‐Diselenobis(4,4‐diphenylcyclohexa‐2,5‐dienone). (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fast b-matching via Sufficient Selection Belief Propagation (2011)

This article describes scalability enhancements to a previously established belief propagation algorithm that solves bipartite maximum weight b-matching. The previous algorithm required O(|V | + |E|) space and O(|V ||E|) time,whereasweapplyimprovements to reduce the space to O(|V |) and the time to O(|V | 2.5)intheexpectedcase (though worst case time is still O(|V ||E|)). The space improvement is most significant in cases where edge weights are determined by a function of node descriptors, such as a distance or kernel function. In practice, we demonstrate maximum weight b-matchings to be solvable on graphs with hundreds of millions of edges in only a few hours of compute time on a modern personal computer without parallelization, whereas neither the memory nor the time requirement of previously known algorithms would have allowed graphs of this scale. 1
Perceptual thresholds for single vs. Multi-Finger Haptic interaction (2010)

This paper presents experiments measuring psychophysical thresholds for multi-finger single point interaction with small haptic effects. Subjects used the UW Multi-Finger Haptic Display to interact with small haptic icons in a virtual environment. A forced-choice adaptive thresholding method is used to find a minimum detectable force magnitude. First, studies are performed to evaluate the consistency of our test apparatus across the four fingertips and to compare our application of the adaptive thresholding method to the prior work. Next, force detection thresholds for individual fingers are collected and compared to the force detection threshold using four fingers simultaneously. The results show comparable force detection levels between index, middle, pinkie and multi-finger interaction (33.5, 32.1, 33.5, 28.9 mN respectively) but less sensitivity with the ring finger (mean threshold of 43.6 mN). Repeated measures analysis of variance and t-tests with Bonferroni correction supports these conclusions. Most importantly, we show that the multi-finger threshold is not significantly lower than the threshold of the individual fingers. The implication for device design is that the relevant multi-finger device parameters are no more stringent than for single finger devices.
Recent advances in portable infrared imaging systems (2002)

Significant progress in the manufacturing of photovoltaic HgCdTe and InSb, Schottky barrier PtSi, uncooled ferroelectrics and microbolometers, and quantum well infrared detector technologies has occurred over the last 5 years, enabling system developers to obtain high quality staring infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs) at a reasonable cost. Recently developed portable IR imagers using 256/spl times/256 and 320/spl times/240 staring IRFPAs have achieved thermal sensitivity unmatched by systems typically used for medical studies in the past. Cooled staring systems weighing less than 3 pounds have demonstrated thermal sensitivity below 0.020 degrees C, more than a factor of 10 improvement over comparably packaged first generation serially scanned systems. The use of high quantum efficiency (QE) staring IRFPAs offers design flexibility and performance tradeoffs that until recently were impractical. Portable cooled staring systems operating in the short (1-2.5 micron), medium (3-5 micron), and long (8-12 micron) wavelength IR spectral bands provide excellent image quality at nominal video frame rates. Staring systems can be tailored to maintain sensitivity at high frame rates and over narrow spectral bandwidths. The medical benefits associated with high sensitivity thermal imaging, calibrated radiometric imaging, wavelength and time resolved spectrometry, and realtime sensor fusion have not been fully explored. An uncooled head mounted thermal imager (HMTI) weighing 1.25 pounds is being developed by the US Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate to assist in combat casualty care and confined environment search and rescue.
Thermo-mechanical reliability of 3-D ICs containing through silicon vias (2009)

In 3-D interconnect structures, process-induced thermal stresses around through-silicon-vias (TSVs) raise serious reliability issues such as Si cracking and performance degradation of devices. In this study, the thermo-mechanical reliability of 3-D interconnect was investigated using finite element analysis (FEA) combined with analytical methods. FEA simulation demonstrated that the thermal stresses in silicon decrease as a function of distance from an isolated TSV and increase with the TSV diameter. Additional simulation suggested that hybrid TSV structures can significantly reduce the thermal stresses. An analytical stress solution was introduced to deduce the stress distribution around an isolated TSV, which was further developed to deduce the stress interaction in TSV arrays based on linear superposition of the analytical solution. We calculated the crack driving force in TSV lines under a thermal load. The effects of TSV diameter, pitch size, and the line configuration on crack driving force were investigated.
Methodology to Use Flatbed Image Scanner for Formation Analysis of Paper. (2002)

Versatility of a desktop flatbed image scanner with a transparency unit as an image input device for formation analyses is exhibited and discussed. Optical density of scanner output is defined as the logarithm of the ratio of gray level in full transmission with no material to that at a given site (pixel) of a sample. Optical density of the scanner output under satisfied prerequisite conditions showed an excellent agreement with that of Elrepho type reflectometer and the pre-calibrated values noted on a standard film though the proportional constant is reduced from 1 due to aged deterioration of the light source after 1 year, maintaining linearity. For stacked paper sheets, however, there remains distortion in the output characteristics, that is, non-linearity even after the calibration. So, unlike Elrepho type, optical density squared is empirically almost proportional to the basis weight of paper. In application, formation of handsheets loaded with calcium carbonate from softwood and hardwood pulps at different retention times is quantitatively analyzed with the light transmission images obtained by the scanner. The formation index, the standard deviation of optical density squared correlated better with the subjective ranking by 6 panelists than that of optical density or of gray level. Optical density squared divided by the basis weight shows the highest Kendall's coefficient of correlation. In summary, the standard deviation of gray level is found to lack in validity as a formation index except comparison between papers with close gray levels.
Accurate Determination of System Compliance and Young’s Modulus for Single Fibers (2010)

Abstract Single fiber testing was conducted utilizing the ASTM D3379-89e1 standard to measure the Young’s modulus for optical glass fibers. Upon analyzing the experimental data, it was discovered that procedural methods to account for system compliance resulted in a source of uncertainty due to the 12.6 % fiber diameter variability between different fibers tested. As a result, the 86.8 GPa Young’s modulus determined included a significant 43.9 % uncertainty. A new method of data analysis was devised to take into account this fiber diameter variability, which lowered the uncertainty to 7.5 % and provided a Young’s modulus of 61.4 GPa. Comparisons were made with the more recent ASTM C1557-03 standard that gave a similar 61.3 GPa Young’s modulus. A large bias error of 41.6 % exists between the Young’s modulus values determined by the two standard methods. The various analytical methods are discussed along with their estimates of uncertainty, the impact on micro-mechanics, and how to lower this uncertainty further.
Sub‐classification of laparoscopic left hepatectomy based on hierarchic interaction of tumor location and size with perioperative outcomes (2023)

L-LH for tumors that are >40 mm in diameter and located in PS Segment 4a are associated with the highest degree of technical difficulty. However, post-operative outcomes were not different from L-LH of smaller tumors located in PS segments, or tumors located in the antero-lateral segments.
Novel One-Step Aqueous Solutions to Replace Pregate Oxide Cleans (2004)

We have developed a number of novel solutions to use for one-step pregate oxide cleaning; they are based on tetraalkylammonium hydroxides of varying alkyl chain lengths, namely tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAH), and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH). We added these surfactants together with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) into the RCA SC-1 cleaning solution to enhance the efficiency of cleaning. With the exception of the TBAH solution, the cleaning efficiency of these solutions toward particles was 4%-7% higher than that of the conventional RCA method. Our cleaning methods have better efficiency toward the removal of Fe, Na, Ca, Cu, and Mn contaminants. We found that the conventional RCA method results in 10/sup 9/-10/sup 10/ atoms/cm/sup 2/ of Cu and Mn after cleaning. The electrical breakdown field of MOS capacitors was enhanced when using the new cleaning method. The literature model for surface adsorption and double-layer formation explains the cleaning behavior of the tetraalkylammonium ion-containing solutions. The removal of surface particles and metallic contaminants and the degree of surface roughness agree with the model's predictions. We believe that the best solution for use in one-step cleaning-one that comprises EDTA and TPAH-can replace the traditional RCA cleaning method. This new method has great potential for pregate oxide cleaning because it has the advantages of faster cycle times, lower costs, and greater efficiency.
Rapid protein–ligand docking using soft modes from molecular dynamics simulations to account for protein deformability: Binding of FK506 to FKBP (2004)

Most current docking methods to identify possible ligands and putative binding sites on a receptor molecule assume a rigid receptor structure to allow virtual screening of large ligand databases. However, binding of a ligand can lead to changes in the receptor protein conformation that are sterically necessary to accommodate a bound ligand. An approach is presented that allows relaxation of the protein conformation in precalculated soft flexible degrees of freedom during ligand-receptor docking. For the immunosuppressant FK506-binding protein FKBP, the soft flexible modes are extracted as principal components of motion from a molecular dynamics simulation. A simple penalty function for deformations in the soft flexible mode is used to limit receptor protein deformations during docking that avoids a costly recalculation of the receptor energy by summing over all receptor atom pairs at each step. Rigid docking of the FK506 ligand binding to an unbound FKBP conformation failed to identify a geometry close to experiment as favorable binding site. In contrast, inclusion of the flexible soft modes during systematic docking runs selected a binding geometry close to experiment as lowest energy conformation. This has been achieved at a modest increase of computational cost compared to rigid docking. The approach could provide a computationally efficient way to approximately account for receptor flexibility during docking of large numbers of putative ligands and putative docking geometries.
4x288 linear array with hybrid ROIC (CCD + CMOS) (2005)

4×288 MCT LWIR linear arrays with 28X25 &mu;m diodes and silicon ROICs were designed, manufactured and tested. MCT layers were grown by MBE technology on (013) GaAs substrates with CdTe/ZnTe buffer layers and &#955;<sub>co</sub> = 11.2±0.15 &mu;m at <i>T</i> = 78 K. CCD and CMOS “hybrid” technology for design and manufacture of silicon ROICs was used. The design rules 2.5 &mu;m for CCD technology and 2.0 &mu;m design rules for CMOS technology happened to be sufficient to realize most of the functions for 288×4 MCT TDI array. Analog functions were realized by CCD elements. An amplification of the output signals is realized by CMOS buffer amplifier. Decoding and deselection code storing functions are accomplished by digital CMOS elements. 288 information channels were attached to 4 analog outputs operating in the frequency range f&#8804;4 MHz clock. Total consumption power measured is 50 mW at <i>T</i> = 298 K and 70 mW at <i>T</i> = 78 K. Before hybridization the parameters of MCT linear arrays and Si readouts were tested separately. With aperture 28<sup>0</sup>×64<sup>0</sup> the detectivities D<sub>&#955;</sub> &#8776; 1.8<sup>.</sup>10<sup>11</sup> cm<sup>.</sup>Hz<sup>1/2</sup>/W were achieved (&#955;<sub>co</sub> &#8776; 11.2 &mu;m, &#955;<sub>max</sub> 10.0 &mu;m) with standard deviation about 15 % and operability close to 100 %.
Wide-band coherent receiver development for enhanced surveillance (1998)

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been developing advanced coherent IR heterodyne receivers for plasma diagnostics in fusion reactors for over 20 years. Recent progress in wide-band IR detectors and high-speed electronics has significantly enhanced the measurement capabilities of coherent receivers. In addition, developments in new HgCdTe and quantum-well IR photodetector (QWIP) focal plane arrays are providing the possibility of both active and passive coherent imaging. In this paper we discuss the implications of these new enabling technologies to the IR remote sensing community for enhanced surveillance.
ESR of an Alkylalkoxyamino Radical Trapped in X—Irradiated Decanal Oxime O—Methyl Ether—Urea Inclusion Crystals (1972)

First Page
Pentaphenylcyclopentadienylcarbonyl Complexes of Groups Vi and Viii (1990)

Abstract A systematic review and new approach to the syntheses of the Group VI and Group VIII transition metal derivatives of the pentaphenyl-cyclopentadienyl ligand are described. Significant enhancement in stability and reactivity of these perphenylated complexes is observed when compared to cyclopentadienyl and peralkylatedcyclopentadienyl derivatives due to their much higher molecular weights, reduced volatility, and modified solubility. These compounds have proved to be easily synthesized from the now readily available starting material, pentaphenylcyclopentadiene. Numerous physical and spectral properties as well as the x-ray crystal structure of a ruthenium derivative are reported.
Amines and amides (1996)

M. North, Contemp. Org. Synth., 1996, 3, 323 DOI: 10.1039/CO9960300323
Probiotic-Derived Polyphosphate Enhances the Epithelial Barrier Function and Maintains Intestinal Homeostasis through Integrin–p38 MAPK Pathway (2011)

Probiotics exhibit beneficial effects on human health, particularly in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis in a complex manner notwithstanding the diversity of an intestinal flora between individuals. Thus, it is highly probable that some common molecules secreted by probiotic and/or commensal bacteria contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and protect the intestinal epithelium from injurious stimuli. To address this question, we aimed to isolate the cytoprotective compound from a lactobacillus strain, Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803 which possess the ability to induce cytoprotective heat shock proteins in mouse small intestine. L. brevis was incubated in MRS broth and the supernatant was passed through with a 0.2-µm filter. Caco2/bbe cells were treated with the culture supernatant, and HSP27 expression was evaluated by Western blotting. HSP27-inducible components were separated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE anion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and HPLC. Finally, we identified that the HSP27-inducible fraction was polyphosphate (poly P), a simple repeated structure of phosphates, which is a common product of lactobacilli and other bacteria associated with intestinal microflora without any definitive physiological functions. Then, poly P was synthesized by poly P-synthesizing enzyme polyphosphate kinase. The synthesized poly P significantly induced HSP27 from Caco2/BBE cells. In addition, Poly P suppressed the oxidant-induced intestinal permeability in the mouse small intestine and pharmacological inhibitors of p38 MAPK and integrins counteract its protective effect. Daily intrarectal administration of poly P (10 µg) improved the inflammation grade and survival rate in 4% sodium dextran sulfate-administered mice. This study, for the first time, demonstrated that poly P is the molecule responsible for maintaining intestinal barrier actions which are mediated through the intestinal integrin β1-p38 MAPK.
DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL VALIDATION OF A SOLID-STATE HIGH-RESOLUTION PRESSURE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR SIMPLIFIED AND CONSISTENT ESOPHAGEAL MANOMETRY (2003)

s Submitted for the 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology October 10-15, 2003, Baltimore, Maryland: ESOPHAGUS: PDF Only