gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of the Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene from the entomopathogenic fungusCordyceps militaris (2005)

We describe the molecular characterization of the Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene of Cordyceps militaris, which is one of the entomopathogenic fungi called a vegetable wasp and plant worm. The SOD1 gene of C. militaris spans 922 bp and consisted of three introns and four exons coding for 154 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of the C. militaris SOD1 cDNA showed 88% identity to Claviceps purpurea SOD1, 82% to Neurospora crassa SOD1, and 75–64% to SOD1 sequences from other fungi. The C. militaris SOD1 possesses the typical metal binding ligands of six histidines and one aspartic acid common to fungal SOD1s. The cDNA encoding C. militaris SOD1 was expressed as a 17-kDa polypeptide in the baculovirus-infected insect Sf9 cells. The enzyme activity of the purified recombinant C. militaris SOD1 was approximately 568 U per mg−1. Southern blot analysis of the genomic DNA suggested the C. militaris SOD1 was a single gene. Northern and Western blot analysis and enzyme activity assays indicated SOD1 was expressed constitutively. This is the first report of an SOD1 gene from any entomopathogenic fungus.
Dual Control Drives for Increased Capability (2018)

Deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) is a powerful control law for drives which allows for choosing the flux linkage at every switching period without affecting the torque. This independent manipulation of torque and losses, i.e. flux linkage, allows for new capabilities such as dynamic loss minimization at every switching instant, signal injection without any additional torque ripple for parameter estimation or self-sensing, as well as closed-loop torque control with minimal parameter sensitivity. Moreover, since DB-DTFC uses an inverse model solution based on flux linkages, it inherently utilizes the full inverter Volt-sec. hexagon without changing the control law at the inverter limits. While these features cannot be achieved with conventional current vector control (CVC), this paper explains how to increase the capability of drives by flexibly moving between CVC, and DB-DTFC to take advantage of their best properties. The focus of this paper is to enable seamless and dynamic transitions between the controls even under parameter uncertainties. While switching between controllers can add additional features, the switching transients are undesirable. In order to make switching between controllers more attractive, this paper focuses on making the switching transient as smooth as possible and shows how to shape the transient so it becomes acceptable for the application. The key issue here is that different controllers have different parameter sensitivities, so when the parameters are not precisely estimated, the controller will need to switch from one trajectory to the other. Finally, this paper discusses potential use cases for this technology. In particular, a comparison of the operation at the voltage and current limits for DB-DTFC and CVC is shown, where some controller trade-offs become very obvious and control switching becomes an attractive solution. The discussion in this paper is supported by simulation and experimental results on an IPMSM, which are in good agreement with each other and the underlying concepts.
Gap Plasmon Nanoantennas and Nanolenses (2011)

Gap plasmon bow-tie nanoantennas are proposed, analyzed and optimized. Size effects are investigated including a transition from a nanoantenna with the fundamental mode excitation to a nanolens with plasmon focusing at optimal lens radius.
Thermal conductivity of layered organic superconductorβ−(BDA−TTP)2SbF6in a parallel magnetic field: Anomalous effect of coreless vortices (2005)

Thermal conductivity $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ of the organic superconductor $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{(\mathrm{BDA}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{TTP})}_{2}\mathrm{Sb}{\mathrm{F}}_{6}$ was studied down to 0.3 K in magnetic fields $H$ of varying orientation with respect to the superconducting plane. Anomalous plateau shape of the field dependence, $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ vs $H$, is found for orientation of magnetic fields precisely parallel to the plane, in contrast to usual behavior observed in the perpendicular fields. We show that the lack of magnetic-field effect on the heat conduction results from coreless structure of vortices, causing both negligible scattering of phonons and constant in field electronic conduction up to the fields close to the upper critical field ${H}_{c2}$. Usual behavior is recovered on approaching ${H}_{c2}$ and on slight field inclination from parallel direction, when normal cores are restored. This behavior points to the lack of bulk quasiparticle excitations induced by magnetic field, consistent with the conventional superconducting state.
Federated Learning for Ranking Browser History Suggestions (2019)

Federated Learning is a new subfield of machine learning that allows fitting models without collecting the training data itself. Instead of sharing data, users collaboratively train a model by only sending weight updates to a server. To improve the ranking of suggestions in the Firefox URL bar, we make use of Federated Learning to train a model on user interactions in a privacy-preserving way. This trained model replaces a handcrafted heuristic, and our results show that users now type over half a character less to find what they are looking for. To be able to deploy our system to real users without degrading their experience during training, we design the optimization process to be robust. To this end, we use a variant of Rprop for optimization, and implement additional safeguards. By using a numerical gradient approximation technique, our system is able to optimize anything in Firefox that is currently based on handcrafted heuristics. Our paper shows that Federated Learning can be used successfully to train models in privacy-respecting ways.
Hair’s the Question: Wound healing (2012)

1. Sara Wasserbauer, MD (drwasserbauer{at}californiahairsurgeon.com) 1. Walnut Creek, California, USA </br>![][1]</img> Wound healing is so important to the final outcome of our hair restoration attempts that it is a good topic for intensive review. Typically, surgeons take wound healing
New Method of Frequency Stabilization of Semiconductor Lasers (1988)

It is demonstrated that the frequency of a semiconductor laser driven by a constant current can be stabilized by controlling the operating temperature so as to give a constant operating voltage. Since the operating voltage is a direct monitor of the operating temperature, the frequency thus stabilized is insensitive to ambient temperature variations. For hermetically unsealed near-infrared lasers the frequency stability is within ±350 MHz under normal laboratory conditions and the shift is only 500 MHz for a 10°C variation in the ambient temperature. A resettability of ±350 MHz is obtained with an adjustment-free operation.
Bio-inspired ultra-high energy efficiency bistable electronic billboard and reader (2019)

Bistable display has been a long-awaited goal due to its zero energy cost when maintaining colored or colorless state and electrochromic material has been highly considered as a potential way to achieve bistable display due to its simple structure and possible manipulation. However, it is extremely challenging with insurmountable technical barriers related to traditional electrochromic mechanisms. Herein a prototype for bistable electronic billboard and reader with high energy efficiency is demonstrated with excellent bistability (decay 7% in an hour), reversibility (10<sup>4</sup> cycles), coloration efficiency (430 cm<sup>2 </sup>C<sup>-1</sup>) and very short voltage stimulation time (2 ms) for color switching, which greatly outperforms current products. This is achieved by stabilization of redox molecule via intermolecular ion transfer to the supramolecular bonded colorant and further stabilization of the electrochromic molecules in semi-solid media. This promising approach for ultra-energy-efficient display will promote the development of switching molecules, devices and applications in various fields of driving/navigation/industry as display to save energy.
Exploring the relationships between a map of altruism and a map of science (2015)

EDITOR'S SUMMARY The science mapping community offers insights and points to trends in scientific inquiry by revealing connections among publications, authors, terminology and citation patterns. The authors applied the process of creating science maps to topics compiled by GuideStar to reveal altruistic motives driving nonprofit organizations (NPOs). From data mined from nearly four million web pages from 125,000 NPO websites, they created a map of the altruistic motive space. Topic modeling from words on the web pages generated 1,000 topics that were manually screened to yield 357 topics related to altruistic motives and their interrelationships. Nearly 100,000 NPOs were positioned by topic on an overlay map, and map labels capturing altruistic motives were created by human analysis. The product was compared with a map of science based on Elsevier's Scopus database. The maps of altruism and science show the strongest link between the altruistic trait of caring and scientific research in medicine, health and neuroscience. Links are also demonstrated between other scientific areas and altruistic beliefs underlying environment, innovation and policy.
Excited State Dynamics of Microcrystalline Acridine by Femtosecond Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (1998)

Abstract The electronic structure of the excited states and triplet formation dynamics in the acridine microcrystal have been studied by femtosecond diffuse reflectance absorption spectroscopy and picosecond fluorescence spectroscopy. It was confirmed that an excimer was formed in the microcrystal within a few picoseconds after excitation. The time constant of triplet formation from the lowest excited singlet (S1) state was obtained to be about 900 ps at room temperature, which is about ten times slower than that in an aprotic solvent. Also, triplet formation was not observed up to 6 ns at 77 K. Slow intersystem crossing in the crystal was explained in terms of a selective stabilization of the 1ππ* electronic configuration due to excimer formation. An important role of intermolecular interactions on the intersystem crossing process of the crystal is discussed.
Thermus caliditerrae sp. nov., a novel thermophilic species isolated from a geothermal area (2013)

Two thermophilic bacterial strains, designated YIM 77925(T) and YIM 77777, were isolated from two hot springs, one in the Hydrothermal Explosion (Shuirebaozhaqu) area and Frog Mouth Spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-western China. The taxonomic positions of the two isolates were investigated by a polyphasic approach. Cells of the two strains were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped. They were able to grow at 50-70 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and with a NaCl tolerance up to 0.5% (w/v). Colonies are circular, convex, non-transparent and produce yellow pigment. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences comparison clearly demonstrated that strains YIM 77925(T) and YIM 77777 represent members of the genus Thermus, and they also detected low-level similarities of 16S rRNA gene sequences (below 97%) compared with all other species in this genus. Their predominant menaquinone was MK-8. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains YIM 77925(T) and YIM 77777 were 65.6 mol% and 67.2 mol%, respectively. Based on the results of physiological and biochemical tests and phylogenetic analyses, strains YIM 77925(T) and YIM 77777 could not be classified as representing any species of the genus Thermus with a validly published name. Thus the two strains are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Thermus, for which the name Thermus caliditerrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 77925(T) ( = DSM 25901(T) = CCTCC 2012061(T)).
o-DUROYLPHENYLLITHIUM: A KETONIC ORGANOLITHIUM COMPOUND1 (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTo-DUROYLPHENYLLITHIUM: A KETONIC ORGANOLITHIUM COMPOUND1REYNOLD C. FUSON, WILLIAM C. HAMMANN, and WILLIAM E. SMITHCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1954, 19, 4, 674–677Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01369a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01369a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Associations between pathogens in healthy pigs and pigs with pneumonia (2008)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between different pathogens in the development of pneumonia and bronchopneumonia in pigs. Samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 100 pigs showing no clinical signs and 239 pigs with clinical signs of respiratory disease were examined for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, US-type porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV), EU-type PRRSV, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), influenza virus type A, alpha-haemolytic Streptococcus species, beta-haemolytic Streptococcus species, Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Haemophilus parasuis and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. These potential pathogens were detected more frequently in the pigs with respiratory problems than in the pigs with no clinical signs. pcv-2 and alpha-haemolytic streptococci were the pathogens most frequently detected; A pleuropneumoniae was isolated in only two cases. There were more often associations between the organisms in the pigs with clinical signs than in the healthy pigs. In particular, alpha-haemolytic streptococci and M hyopneumoniae were both associated with the presence of M hyorhinis, EU-type PRRSV, P multocida and B bronchiseptica, and alpha-haemolytic streptococci also occurred more often in pigs that were already infected with other pathogens. P multocida and B bronchiseptica were both significantly associated with M hyopneumoniae, alpha-haemolytic streptococci, EU-type PRRSV and US-type PRRSV.
Light Sources in the 015–20-μ Spectral Range (1969)

The different kinds of light sources available for the 0.15-20-micro spectral range are surveyed. Information was obtained from the published literature, unpublished reports, light source manufacturers, and also from individual persons. The aim has been to present sufficient information, where available, to show the relative advantages of different sources-intensity, stability, and output uniformity were of prime interest. Continuum and line sources are included but lasers and pulsed sources are omitted. The sources are described under the main headings: Arc Discharge Sources, Glow Discharge Sources, and Incandescent Sources, with another section, Miscellaneous Sources, to cover some which could not be included under the first three headings.
Time-varying reeb graphs for continuous space-time data (2004)

We study the evolution of the Reeb graph of a time-varying continuous function defined in three-dimensional space. While maintaining the Reeb graph, we compress the evolving sequence into a single, partially persistent data structure. We envision this data structure as a useful tool in visualizing real-valued space-time data obtained from computational simulations of physical processes.
Theoretical simulations of protective thin film Fabry-Pérot filters for integrated optical elements of diode pumped alkali lasers (DPAL) (2014)

The lifetime of Diode-Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPALs) is limited by damage initiated by reaction of the glass envelope of its gain medium with rubidium vapor. Rubidium is absorbed into the glass and the rubidium cations diffuse through the glass structure, breaking bridging Si-O bonds. A damage-resistant thin film was developed enhancing high-optical transmission at natural rubidium resonance input and output laser beam wavelengths of 780 nm and 795 nm, while protecting the optical windows of the gain cell in a DPAL. The methodology developed here can be readily modified for simulation of expected transmission performance at input pump and output laser wavelengths using different combination of thin film materials in a DPAL. High coupling efficiency of the light through the gas cell was accomplished by matching the air-glass and glass-gas interfaces at the appropriate wavelengths using a dielectric stack of high and low index of refraction materials selected to work at the laser energies and protected from the alkali metal vapor in the gain cell. Thin films as oxides of aluminum, zirconium, tantalum, and silicon were selected allowing the creation of Fabry-Perot optical filters on the optical windows achieving close to 100% laser transmission in a solid optic combination of window and highly reflective mirror. This approach allows for the development of a new whole solid optic laser.
Local energy markets to sustain distribution network storage (2015)

Energy storage in distribution networks as a means of enabling distributed renewable generation has been widely discussed. However, little attention has been given to how such storage may be made economically viable. Present energy market models are inimical to deployment of storage in the network. As an alternative, this paper introduces the mechanics of local energy markets in which energy prices are set freely between participants, in real time. It reports modelling, simulation and laboratory trial of such markets. It shows that a local energy market can enable financial return for energy storage when deployed as a commercial instrument. It incidentally demonstrates that where a local energy market coincides with a low-voltage feeder, commercial storage management tends to reduce peak flows at the constrained interface between the low-voltage feeder and the distribution network. Increased densities of distributed generation are, therefore, made possible. Trading intervention by network operators may influence storage behaviour in ways that reduce the peak flows further.
Umweltmeßfahrzeug Mit Rechnergesteuertem Datenerfassungs- Und Navigationssystem / Laboratory Vehicle For Air-Pollution Measurements With Computer-Controlled Data Acquisition And Navigation System (1979)

Article Umweltmeßfahrzeug Mit Rechnergesteuertem Datenerfassungs- Und Navigationssystem / Laboratory Vehicle For Air-Pollution Measurements With Computer-Controlled Data Acquisition And Navigation System was published on January 1, 1979 in the journal it - Information Technology (volume 21, issue 1).
Learning to classify complex patterns using a VLSI network of spiking neurons (2008)

We propose a compact, low power VLSI network of spiking neurons which can learn to classify complex patterns of mean firing rates on-line and in real-time. The network of integrate-and-fire neurons is connected by bistable synapses that can change their weight using a local spike-based plasticity mechanism. Learning is supervised by a teacher which provides an extra input to the output neurons during training. The synaptic weights are updated only if the current generated by the plastic synapses does not match the output desired by the teacher (as in the perceptron learning rule). We present experimental results that demonstrate how this VLSI network is able to robustly classify uncorrelated linearly separable spatial patterns of mean firing rates.
Very low noise, high accuracy, programmable voltage reference (2003)

The design and testing of a very low noise, high accuracy, programmable voltage reference is presented in this paper. This piece of instrumentation, which can be controlled by a personal computer via the built-in RS232 interface, is intended as an alternative to batteries in the realization of automated low frequency noise measurement systems. The supply voltage ranges from 0 to 5 V with a resolution and long-term stability better than /spl plusmn/250 /spl mu/V. The power spectral density of the output voltage fluctuations is less than 10/sup -16/ V/sup 2//Hz at 100 mHz and remains below 10/sup -17/ V/sup 2//Hz above 1 Hz.
First Observation of InxGa1−xAs Quantum Dots in GaP by Spherical-Aberration-Corrected HRTEM in Comparison with ADF-STEM and Conventional HRTEM (2004)

In(x)Ga(1-x)As quantum dots in GaP(100) crystals prepared by the OMVPE technique are observed along the [011] direction with a newly developed 200-kV spherical aberration(Cs)-corrected HRTEM, a 200-kV annular dark-field (ADF)-STEM, and a 200-kV conventional HRTEM equipped with a thermal field-emission gun. The dots are 6-10 nm in size and strongly strained due to the misfit of about 9% with the GaP substrate and GaP cap layer. All of the cross-sectional high-resolution electron micrographs show dumbbell images of Ga and P atomic columns separated by 0.136 nm in well-oriented and perfect GaP areas, but the interpretable images are limited to those taken with the Cs-corrected HRTEM and ADF-STEM with Fourier filtering of the images. The Cs-corrected HRTEM and ADF-STEM are comparable from the viewpoint of interpretable resolution. A detailed comparison between the Cs-corrected HRTEM images and the simulated ones with electron incidence tilted by 1 degree to 5 degrees from the [011] zone axis gives information on local lattice bending in the dots from the images around 0.1 nm resolution. This becomes one of the useful techniques newly available from electron microscopy with sub-angstrom resolution.
Receptive Field Mosaics of Retinal Ganglion Cells Are Established Without Visual Experience (2010)

A characteristic feature of adult retina is mosaic organization: a spatial arrangement of cells of each morphological and functional type that produces uniform sampling of visual space. How the mosaics of visual receptive fields emerge in the retina during development is not fully understood. Here we use a large-scale multielectrode array to determine the mosaic organization of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats around the time of eye opening and in the adult. At the time of eye opening, we were able to reliably distinguish two types of ON RGCs and two types of OFF RGCs in rat retina based on their light response and intrinsic firing properties. Although the light responses of individual cells were not yet mature at this age, each of the identified functional RGC types formed a receptive field mosaic, where the spacing of the receptive field centers and the overlap of the receptive field extents were similar to those observed in the retinas of adult rats. These findings suggest that, although the light response properties of RGCs may need vision to reach full maturity, extensive visual experience is not required for individual RGC types to form a regular sensory map of visual space.