gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Urethra and Its Relationship to Urinary Tract Infection (1966)

Actually the bacterial flora of the female urethra has never been adequately isolated and evaluated as to its relationship to disease of the urinary tract. By an ingenious instrument the author has been able to identify the urethral segment from which the culture was made.
The Cytoskeletal Protein α-Actinin Regulates Acid-sensing Ion Channel 1a through a C-terminal Interaction (2008)

The acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is widely expressed in central and peripheral neurons where it generates transient cation currents when extracellular pH falls. ASIC1a confers pH-dependent modulation on postsynaptic dendritic spines and has critical effects in neurological diseases associated with a reduced pH. However, knowledge of the proteins that interact with ASIC1a and influence its function is limited. Here, we show that alpha-actinin, which links membrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton, associates with ASIC1a in brain and in cultured cells. The interaction depended on an alpha-actinin-binding site in the ASIC1a C terminus that was specific for ASIC1a versus other ASICs and for alpha-actinin-1 and -4. Co-expressing alpha-actinin-4 altered ASIC1a current density, pH sensitivity, desensitization rate, and recovery from desensitization. Moreover, reducing alpha-actinin expression altered acid-activated currents in hippocampal neurons. These findings suggest that alpha-actinins may link ASIC1a to a macromolecular complex in the postsynaptic membrane where it regulates ASIC1a activity.
Stepwise Solid-Phase Synthesis of Polyamides as Linkers (1999)

Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) yields well-defined polyamides of repeat unit NH-Z-CO but requires protected derivatives and deprotection steps. Polyamides of repeat unit NH-Y-NH-CO-X-CO (e.g., Nylon 66) are made by polymerizing diacids with diamines, but the absence of protecting groups leads to heterogeneity of chain length. We have produced a new class of polymers by automated solid-phase synthesis without protecting groups: polyamide chains NH-Y-NH-CO-X-CO containing a precise number of monomer units where X and Y can be varied independently at each step. Dimers and multimeric molecules which display phage-derived binding peptides in a synthetic construction were easily assembled with these precision length polyamide chains, which can usefully replace polypeptides and poly(ethylene glycol) as linkers.
Silicone Oil Removal Strategies (2000)

Although it is widely accepted to use silicone oil in the treatment of very complex retinal detachments, there is no definite agreement on when and why silicone oil should be removed. Frequently found is a statement on the necessity of silicone oil removal after a certain period of time. However, the rate of retinal redetachment after silicone oil removal varies widely and appears to correlate with the underlying disease process and its severity. The literature on strategies of silicone oil removal, the rate of complications, and, thus, the risk-benefit ratio is scant. Therefore, for the discussion of silicone oil removal we rely on personal experience and the rather rare studies on silicone oil removal. Regarding the data given in the literature, the rate of vitreoretinal complications after silicone oil removal, even in cases with a clinically stable-appearing retinal situation, is rather high in severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and lower in most advanced cases of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) requiring silicone oil tamponade. The benefits of silicone oil removal are better in cases of cytomegalovirus retinitis or other situations without a PVR component. Silicone oil removal has to be considered a procedure of ill-defined risks, especially if silicone oil is really used as a last therapeutic resort in most severe cases of complicated retinal detachment. Further, exact criteria for the timing and safe removal of silicone oil in these complex vitreoretinal disorders still needs to be defined. A strategy for the removal of silicone oil is discussed.
Fly Ash Characteristics and Radiative Heat Transfer in Pulverized-Coal-Fired Furnaces (1981)

The properties of a fly ash cloud which determine its radiative influence in furnaces are its dust burden, projected surface area and its mean absorption and scattering efficiency. The first property can be estimated by stoichiometry, the second by laboratory sizing of the ash and the radiative efficiencies should be related to its chemical character. Previous measurements of the absorption and scattering coefficients of ash in several power stations are interpreted in terms of these properties. The resulting estimates of the absorption index of the fly ashes are an order of magnitude higher than the dominant oxides in the ash. Ash is shown to be significant as an emitter and scatterer of radiation, with the present uncertainty in its optical properties leading to unacceptable errors in the calculation of radiative heat transfer.
Catalytic oxidation of vicinal diols to .alpha. diketones (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic oxidation of vicinal diols to .alpha. diketonesSteven L. Regen and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 11, 1832–1833Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00976a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00976a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (2014)

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a mass spectrometric method for detection of ions generated in an atmospheric plasma ion source. It provides multi-elemental detection of most elements of the periodic table combined with high sensitivity and large dynamic range. The method provides quantitative or isotopic information of elements in a sample. Two different types of instruments are found: Single-collector instruments are usually used in a scanning mode of the magnetic field for quantitative elemental analysis of a sample to measure one isotope after the other, whereas multicollector instruments are operated in a static mode of the magnetic field for precise isotope ratio analysis measuring all isotopes of interest simultaneously. In this chapter the “state of the art” of both types of instruments is discussed including fundamentals, special features, components, operation and the performance together with a description of the commercially available instrumentation and a discussion of selected applications.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2006)

Clinical Overview. The Functional Biology of Dystrophin. Duchenne Muscular Dsytrophy and Becker Muscular Dystrophy: Diagnostic Principles. Mutation Detection. Protein Studies. Medical Management. Rehabilitation Management. A Review of Current Practice and Clinical Outcomes. Therapeutic Principles and Challenges. Experimental Pharmacologic Therapies. Utrophin: The Intersection between Pharmacological and Genetic Therapy. Regenerative Therapy. Cellular-Mediated Delivery: The Intersection between Regenerative Medicine and Genetic Therapy. Oligonucleotide-Mediated Rxon Skipping and Gene Editing. Intravascular Delivery of Naked DNA. Adenoviral-Mediated Gene Therapy. Retroviridae-based Gene Transfer Vectors. Gene Therapy Using Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors. Regional and Systemic Gene Delivery using Viral Vectors.
Finite element modeling of active periodic structures. (1991)

The finite element approach has been previously used, with the help of the ATILA code, to model the scattering of acoustic waves by single passive periodic structures, such as compliant tube gratings [A.-C. Hennion etal., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87, 1861–1870 (1990)], or by doubly passive periodic structures, such as Alberich anechoic coatings [A.-C. Hennion etal., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 88, S115 (1990)]. Within this approach, only the unit cell of the structure, including a small part of the surrounding fluid domain, has to be meshed, while the acoustic field on both sides of this mesh is described by a plane wave expansion, with progressive as well as evanescent contributions. Internal losses and anisotropy of the materials as well as normal or oblique incidence of the wave can be described in the model. This technique has been extended to active periodic structures, such as composite piezoelectric materials, parallel piezoelectric connecting strips in a passive matrix, for example, or large high frequency arrays. In this communication, the general method is first presented, particularly the aspects related to the piezoelectric elements. Then, several examples are given, for which analytical models exist. Finally, finite element results are compared with experiments in the case of the free-field voltage sensitivity or the transmitting voltage response of 1–3 piezocomposites and demonstrate the accuracy of the whole approach.
The First Fully Fluorinated Organically Templated Materials:  Synthesis, Structures, and Physical Properties of [H3N(CH2)3NH3]U2F10·2H2O, [H3N(CH2)4NH3]U2F10·3H2O, [H3N(CH2)6NH3]U2F10·2H2O, and [HN(CH2CH2NH3)3]U5F24 (1998)

A series of new layered uranium(IV) fluorides have been prepared under hydrothermal conditions from UO2, HF, and H3PO4 by using H2N(CH2)nNH2 (n = 3, 4, or 6), and N(CH2CH2NH2)3 as structure-directing agents. [H3N(CH2)3NH3]U2F10·2H2O (UFO-1), [H3N(CH2)4NH3]U2F10·3H2O (UFO-2), [H3N(CH2)6NH3]U2F10·2H2O (UFO-3), and [HN(CH2CH2NH3)3]U5F24 (UFO-4) have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, BET isotherms, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. UFO-1, 2, 3, and 4 contain negatively charged uranium fluoride (UF) layers constructed from linked UFn polyhedra separated by charge balancing organic cations and occluded water molecules. In UFO-1, 2, and 3, the layers are constructed from equivalent UF9 tricapped trigonal prisms that share three edges and two corners, whereas UFO-4 contains both UF8 bicapped trigonal prisms and UF9 tricapped trigonal prisms. We have demonstrated that the interlamellar organic cations in these materials can be ion-exchanged with a large variety of alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal cations, thus providing a low-temperature route to new condensed mixed metal uranium fluorides. The magnetic susceptibility data indicate that UFO-1, 2, and 3 exhibit Curie-Wiess behavior between room temperature and 20 K. [Crystal data: UFO-1, monoclinic, space group P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.715(1) Å, b = 7.097(1) Å, c = 8.767(1) Å, β = 93.804(6)°, V = 665.21(1) Å3 (T = 150 K), Z = 2, R(F) = 5.42%, Rw(F) = 6.79%; UFO-2, triclinic, space group P1̄ (no. 2), a = 12.024(2) Å, b = 7.149(3) Å, c = 8.765(2) Å, α = 90.063(4)°, β = 107.133(5)°, γ = 92.098(3)°, V = 719.49(3) Å3 (T = 150 K), Z = 2, R(F) = 8.05%, Rw(F) = 10.11%; UFO-3, monoclinic, space group P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.800(2) Å, b = 7.056(1) Å, c = 8.720(1) Å, β = 108.338(6)°, V = 805.97(2) Å3 (T = 150 K), Z = 2, R(F) = 3.64%, Rw(F) = 4.65%; UFO-4, triclinic, space group P1̄ (no. 2), a = 11.534(2) Å, b = 11.532(4) Å, c = 9.634(2) Å, α = 104.034(4)°, β = 101.112(8)°, γ = 93.922(4)°, V = 1210.9(5) Å3 (T = 150 K), Z = 2, R(F) = 6.12%, Rw(F) = 8.19%.]
GPIbα shedding in platelets is controlled by strict intracellular containment of both enzyme and substrate (2023)

The data show that platelets harbor 2 distinct GPIbα subpopulations: one that presents at the platelet's surface known for its role in primary hemostasis and one that provides substrate for proteolysis by ADAM17 with kinetics that suggest a role beyond hemostasis.
Investigations into glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis): retention, uptake, translocation, and metabolism (2004)

The mechanism of glyphosate resistance in horseweed was investigated. Eleven biotypes of putative sensitive (S) and resistant (R) horseweed were obtained from regions across the United States and examined for foliar retention, absorption, translocation, and metabolism of glyphosate. Initial studies used spray application of 14 C-glyphosate to simulate field application. When S and R biotypes were compared in the absence of toxicity at a sublethal dose, we observed comparable retention and absorption but reduced root translocation in the R biotypes. S and R biotypes from Delaware were further examined at field use rates and results confirmed similar retention and absorption but reduced root translocation in the R biotypes. Application of 14 C-glyphosate to a single leaf demonstrated reduced export out of the treated leaf and lower glyphosate import into other leaves, the roots, and the crown in R relative to S biotypes. Examination of the treated leaf by autoradiography showed that glyphosate loading into the apoplast and phloem was delayed and reduced in the R biotype. Our results consistently showed a strong correlation between impaired glyphosate translocation and resistance. Tissues from both S and R biotypes showed elevated levels of shikimate suggesting that 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) remained sensitive to glyphosate. Analysis of tissue shikimate levels demonstrated reduced efficiency in EPSPS inhibition in the R biotypes. Our results suggest that resistance is likely due to altered cellular distribution that impaired phloem loading and plastidic import of glyphosate resulting in reduced overall translocation as well as inhibition of EPSPS.
Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO/SiO2by Nanosized Pt for Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol in Wastewater (2012)

ZnO- nanoparticles were synthesized by a sol-gel technique from and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The synthesized samples were further modified by nanosized Pt from H 2 PtCl 6 solution through photoassisted deposition (PAD) and impregnation (Img) routes. The obtained samples were characterized by a series of techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, N 2 adsorption, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic activity of the Pt-ZnO/ was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of phenol in synthetic wastewater under UV-irradiation. Results obtained revealed that the surface area and the photocatalytic activity of the prepared samples were increased in the order ZnO/ &lt; PAD: Pt-ZnO/ &lt; img: Pt-ZnO/. The surface area decreased from 480 to 460 and 450 m 2 /g, while the efficiency of the phenol degradation increased from 80 to 85 and 100%, with the ZnO/, Img: Pt-ZnO-, and PAD: Pt-ZnO- samples, respectively.
Validation of the use of an automatic diluter in HPLC analyses by comparison with traditional methods (1999)

In an analysis protocol, dilution is nowadays the last step that is never (or seldom) fully automated. Yet special appliances called diluters are commercially available. In spite of the potential advantages in time and solvent saving, analysts are still reluctant to use these diluters, mainly because of the insufficient proof that they are able to give accurate and precise results. Validation by gravimetry did not represent an irrevocable argument since it could not account for memory effect. That is the reason why we chose to carry out our validation of the dilution step in HPLC analyses with an automatic diluter through a comparison with classical methods using flasks and pipettes or burettes. A parent solution made of concentrated Spiramycin was diluted by the various methods. The control analysis was operated using HPLC with UV detection. The experimental design involved two operators and results obtained were processed using statistical tools such as ANOVA and regression. Conclusions were that in any case the diluter was at least as effective as traditional methods. Observed variability introduced by dilution was 0.30% RSD with diluter, and 0.45% RSD with classical methods. In addition, as was shown by the results of the lack of fit test, diluter accuracy is quite compatible with linearity studies in HPLC. Consequently, it is possible and even advantageous to use a diluter instead of manual methods.
Analog-Quantum Feature Mapping for Machine-Learning Applications (2020)

Quantum information processing is likely to have a far-reaching impact in the field of artificial intelligence. Noisy, intermediate-scale quantum devices provide a platform for exploring the possibility of attaining a quantum advantage through hybrid quantum-classical machine-learning algorithms. One example of such a hybrid algorithm is ``quantum kitchen sinks,'' which builds upon a classical algorithm known as ``random kitchen sinks'' to leverage a gate model quantum computer for machine-learning applications. We propose an alternative algorithm called ``analog-quantum kitchen sinks'' (AQKSs), which employs an analog-quantum computer for mapping data features into new features in a nonlinear manner. The new features can then be used by a classical algorithm to perform machine-learning tasks. We show the effectiveness of our algorithm for performing binary classification on both a synthetic dataset and a real-world dataset by simulating the operations of a quantum annealer. We demonstrate that the AQKS algorithm reduces the classification error of a linear classifier from $50\mathrm{%}$ to $0.6\mathrm{%}$ for the synthetic dataset and from $4.4\mathrm{%}$ to $1.6\mathrm{%}$ for the other dataset. Our proposed AQKS algorithm presents the possibility to use current quantum annealers for solving practical machine-learning problems.
THE SECOND DERIVATIVE OF THE ENERGY FUNCTIONAL (2012)

Minimal surfaces with given boundaries are the solutions of Plateau's problem. In studying the calculus of variations for the minimal surfaces, the functional <TEX>${\varepsilon}$</TEX>, corresponding to the energy of surfaces, is introduced in [Ki09]. In this paper we derive a formula for the second derivative of <TEX>${\varepsilon}$</TEX>, which is necessary for further theories of the calculus of variations.
Investigations on Mechanical and Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Carbon and Glass Fabrics Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composites (2007)

The aim of the research article is to study the mechanical and abrasive wear behaviour of carbon and glass fabric reinforced vinyl ester composites. The measured wear volume loss increases with increasing load/abrading distance. However, the specific wear rate decreases with increase in abrading distance and load. The results showed that the highest specific wear rate is for glass fabric reinforced vinyl ester composite with a value of 8.96 × 10−11 m3/Nm and the lowest wear rate is for carbon fabric reinforced vinyl ester composite with a value of 5.84 × 10−11 m3/Nm. Mechanical properties were evaluated and obtained values compared with the wear behaviour. The worn surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding the proenzyme of phenol oxidase A1 of Drosophila melanogaster. (1995)

Clones encoding pro-phenol oxidase [pro-PO; zymogen of phenol oxidase (monophenol, L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1)] A1 were isolated from a lambda gt10 library that originated from Drosophila melanogaster strain Oregon-R male adults. The 2294 bp of the cDNA included a 13-bp 5'-noncoding region, a 2070-bp encoding open reading frame of 690 amino acids, and a 211-bp 3'-noncoding region. A hydrophobic NH2-terminal sequence for a signal peptide is absent in the protein. Furthermore, there are six potential N-glycosylation sites in the sequence, but no amino sugar was detected in the purified protein by amino acid analysis, indicating the lack of an N-linked sugar chain. The potential copper-binding sites, amino acids 200-248 and 359-414, are highly homologous to the corresponding sites of hemocyanin of the tarantula Eurypelma californicum, the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus, and the spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus. On the basis of the phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method, vertebrate tyrosinases and molluscan hemocyanins constitute one family, whereas pro-POs and arthropod hemocyanins group with another family. It seems, therefore, likely that pro-PO originates from a common ancestor with arthropod hemocyanins, independently to the vertebrate and microbial tyrosinases.
ChemInform Abstract: STERISCHE ASPEKTE BEI DER PHOTOCHEMIE VON KONJUGIERTEN DIENEN UND TRIENEN (1973)

Abstract Bei der Bestrahlung der 1,3‐Diene (I) werden die Bicyclohexene (II) und die 1,3,5‐Triene (III) erhalten.
Changes in microRNA expression during disease progression in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (2014)

Chronic viral hepatitis progression is associated with the activation of miRNA pathways that promote cell proliferation and fibrogenesis, but preserve the differentiated hepatocyte phenotype.
Using Arm Swing Movements to Maintain the Walking State in a Self-Balanced Lower-Limb Exoskeleton (2022)

This work investigates how arm swing movements measured by Inertial Motion Unit (IMU) sensors can be used to identify and maintain the walking state in a self-balanced lower-limb exoskeleton for medical use. When an exoskeleton is in a dynamical state during gait, short patterns in IMU signals (e.g. a braking movement) can be hard to extract. Therefore, by relying on a threshold-based classifier constructed upon descriptive features of actively maintained arm swing movements, it is possible to build a gait termination detection method in which the transition between the walking and standstill states occurs whenever arm movements cease, and the corresponding patterns in the IMU signals disappear. Analysis of arm IMU signals were used to identify three amplitude and coordination-based features for the classification architecture. An online implementation of this novel detection interface for maintaining the walking state was validated with 11 unimpaired participants using the Atalante exoskeleton, leading to high accuracy with less than 2% of false negatives when the arms were swinging at a high amplitude, and less than 15% when they were swinging at a medium amplitude.