gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of asymmetries on fuel performance in Inertial Confinement Fusion (2018)

Low-mode asymmetries prevent effective compression, confinement and heating of the fuel in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions and their control is essential to achieving ignition. Ion temperatures (Tion) in ICF experiments are inferred from the broadening of primary neutron spectra. Directional motion (flow) of the fuel at burn also impacts broadening and will lead to artificially inflated “Tion” values. Flow due to low-mode asymmetries is expected to give rise to line-of-sight variations in measured Tion. We report on intentionally asymmetrically driven experiments at the OMEGA laser facility designed to test the ability to accurately predict and measure line-of-sight differences in apparent Tion due to low-mode asymmetry-seeded flows. Contrasted to Chimera and xRAGE simulations, the measurements demonstrate how all asymmetry seeds have to be considered to fully capture the flow field in an implosion. In particular, flow induced by the stalk that holds the target is found to interfere with the seeded asymmetry. A substantial stalk-seeded asymmetry in the areal density of the implosion is also observed.
Isolation ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaestrains from different food matrices and their preliminary selection for a potential use as probiotics (2008)

This paper reports the direct selection of potentially probiotic yeasts from foods and provides indications about the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to survive conditions simulating the human gastrointestinal tract.
What's in a Name? The Matrix as an Introduction to Mathematics (2008)

dence and how it shapes the reality we perceive (or think we perceive). As a mathematician, I usually field questions relat ed to the movie whenever the subject of linear algebra arises, since this field is the study of matrices and their properties. So it is natural to ask, why does the movie title reference a math ematical object? Of course, there are many possible explanations for this, each of which probably contributed a little to the naming deci sion. First off, it sounds cool and mysterious. That much is clear, and it may be that this reason is the most heavily weight ed of them all. A quick look at the definitions of the word reveals deeper meaning for the movie's title. Consider the fol lowing definitions taken from Wikipedia:
Electronic states of the O 2 -tolerant [NiFe] hydrogenase proximal cluster (2013)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Densification and Conolidation of Powders by Equal Channel Angular Pressing (2007)

In this study, bottom-up type powder processing and top-down type SPD (severe plastic deformation) approaches were combined in order to achieve both full density and grain refinement of metallic powders with least grain growth, which is considered as a bottle neck of the bottom-up method that uses the conventional powder metallurgy of compaction and sintering. ECAP (Equal channel angular pressing), one of the most promising method in SPD, was used for the powder consolidation. In the ECAP process of not only solid but also powder metals, it is important to get a good understanding of the density as well as internal stress, strain and strain rate distribution. We investigated the consolidation, plastic deformation and microstructure evolution behavior of the metallic powders during ECAP using an experimental method. It was found that high mechanical strength could be achieved effectively due to the well bonded powder contact surface during ECAP process of gas atomized Al-Si powders. The experimental results show that SPD processing of powders is a viable method to achieve both fully density and nanostructured materials.
Optical receiver design for high optical return loss (1992)

A new fiber pigtailed optical receiver design using a single gradient-index rod lens with a beveled exit face achieved a broadband optical return loss of > 65 dB, which was limited by the diffuse reflection from the photodetector front surface. By contrast the optical return loss for a receiver with an unbeveled lens exit face and an on-axis optical path was limited to a smaller value by the specular reflection from the lens exit face.
CHANGES OCCURRING IN ASPHALTS IN DRUM DRYER AND BATCH (PUB MILL) MIXING OPERATIONS (1989)

The study was designed (a) to discover whether steam distillation of asphalt takes place in a drum dryer mixer, (b) to compare changes induced by various laboratory conditioning (aging) techniques versus those occurring in drum dryer mixers, and (c) to identify possible differences in asphalts subjected to drum dryer mixing versus batch (pug mill) mixing. Twenty-seven virgin asphalts were subjected to various laboratory conditioning experiments, including thin film oven exposure (TFO), rolling thin film oven exposure (RTFO), (small) steam distillation (SSD), forced air distillation (FAD), and rolling forced air distillation (RFAD). Various physical and chemical properties of these conditioned samples were measured. These properties were compared with those of the residues recovered from drum dryer operations for each asphalt. By comparing the laboratory conditioned residues to the recovered residues from the drum dryer operation, similarities between the variously exposed asphalts and asphalt recovered from drum dryer mixers were ascertained. This demonstrated that steam distillation does not take place in drum dyrer mixers. Eight matched asphalt pairs, one used in a drum dryer mix and one in a batch (pug mill) mix, were identified among 24 virgin asphalts from Georgia by statistically comparing various physical, thermal, compositional, and molecular size properties of the virgin asphalts. Asphalts were then recovered from the mixes in which each of the eight drum dryer-batch (pug mill) asphalt pairs were used. The recovered asphalts were analyzed, and the results show the asphalt residues extracted from drum dryer operations to be slightly harder than those extracted from batch operations.
Intramolecular triplet–triplet energy transfer enhanced triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion with a short-lived triplet state platinum(ii) terpyridyl acetylide photosensitizer (2015)

A triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion system with a short-lived triplet state photosensitizer was constructed and enhanced by the design of intramolecular triplet–triplet energy transfer.
Angiopoietin switching regulates angiogenesis and progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma (2003)

These data support the evidence that the reversal of Ang-1 and Ang-2 expression plays an important role in the angiogenic and dedifferentiation processes in HCC. The hypoxic stimuli were not responsible for Ang-2 upregulation, unlike that of VEGF, in human HCC cells.
Prentice Medal Lecture (1984)

The author shows that the wetting of contact lens on the eye is a complex process. Measuring the contact angle is possible by several techniques but knowing the contact angles (advancing and receding) is not enough to define wettability in scientific terms. A contact lens on the eye, bathed in lacrimal fluids and subjected to a number of pressures, presents a challenging problem in physics as well as in clinical vision care.
Molecular Aspects of Transport in Thin Films of Controlled Architecture (Final Technical Report) (2023)

The scientific and technological objectives of this project are motivated by problems in energy technologies that utilize differential transport in nanoscale confined volumes to achieve molecular separations. The core scientific phenomena that control observable behavior - wetting/dewetting, hydrophobicity, stochastic fluctuations in fluid flow, electrokinetics, etc. - are fundamentally different on the nanoscale, because the underlying forces that direct molecular motion are altered upon scaling to nanometer dimensions. We proposed to address this overarching problem by pursuing two objectives. Objective 1 targeted the development of single molecule-based electrokinetic, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical probes of transport in one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures. Objective 2 focused on the interaction between wetting phenomena and nanoconfined flows under active (electrical and/or electrochemical) control. The studies were intended to develop the design rules, structural motifs, and operating principles needed to achieve singular control over molecular transport in nano-confined volumes, thereby impacting a broad spectrum of energy-relevant separations processes.
Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in mice results from the pharmaceutical vehicle Cremophor EL. (1996)

Studies in humans and mice have demonstrated a nonlinear pharmacokinetic behavior of paclitaxel. Because of its poor water solubility, the drug is formulated in a mixture of Cremophor EL and ethanol (1:1, v/v; Taxol). We hypothesized that the substantial amounts of concurrently administered Cremophor EL on the disposition of paclitaxel, female FVB mice received paclitazel by i.v. injection at does levels of 2, 10, and 20 mg/kg by appropriate (standard) dilution of the commercially available formulation of paclitaxel (Taxol) with saline. The drug was also given at 2 mg/kg with supplemental Cremophor EL-ethanol to achieve the same amount of vehicle as by standard administration of 10 mg/kg. Furthermore, paclitaxel formulations in Tween 80-ethanol (1:1, v/v) and dimethylacetamide were tested. Plasma samples were collected between 5 min and 48 h, and tissue specimens were sampled at 1, 4, and 8 h after drug administration. Paclitaxel and metabolites were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Cremophor EL levels were determined by a novel high-performance liquid chromatography procedure. For comparative reasons, Cremophor EL was also assayed in plasma samples from three patients receiving a 3-h i.v. infusion of 175 mg/m2 of paclitaxel. A marked nonlinear pharmacokinetic behavior of paclitaxel was observed when the drug was formulated in Cremophor EL-ethanol. The clearance of 2.37 L/h/kg at 2 mg/kg was reduced to 0.33 and 0.15 L/h/kg at 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. When 2 mg/kg were given with an amount of Cremophor EL-ethanol matching that of the 10-mg/kg dose level, the clearance was 0.56 L/h/kg. If administered at 10 mg/kg in Tween 80-ethanol or at 2 and 10 mg/kg in dimethylacetamide, the clearances were 2.66, 2.57, and 2.62 L/h/kg, respectively. Despite the fact that much higher plasma levels of paclitaxel are reached when given in the Cremophor EL-ethanol formulation, the tissue levels were essentially similar with all tested drug preparations. The Cremophor EL levels in patients were in the same order of magnitude as those observed in mice after administration of 2 and 10 mg/kg. These data demonstrate that Cremophor EL has a profound effect on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel im mice. Because Cremophor EL also contributes substantially to the nonlinear pharmacokinetic behavior of paclitaxel observed in humans.
Renseignement : le traitement massif de données est aussi dangereux qu'inefficace (2015)

National audience
Haloperidol Blood Levels during Dosage Reduction in Chronic Schizophrenic Patients (1981)

Haloperidol levels were measured by radioreceptor assay in 12 schizophrenic patients during gradual dosage reduction (at 10-day) intervals) from 60 to 0 mg/day. Serum levels were highly correlated with the oral dose in each patient, but poorly correlated across patients. Clinical deterioration appeared only 10-20 days after total cessation of the oral drug, and so it was not possible to determine an optimal blood level for chronic maintenance. Below oral dosage of 10 mg/day of haloperidol many patients' blood levels are undetectable by the radioreceptor method.
Radiation dose distribution within the bone marrow of patients receiving holmium‐166‐labeled‐phosphonate for marrow ablation (1995)

The primary objective of this work was to estimate the absorbed dose distribution to the bone marrow of six multiple myeloma patients who received holmium-166 (166Ho) DOTMP (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetramethylene-phosphonic acid) for the purpose of bone marrow ablation. A methodology based on gamma camera images was developed to estimate the regional absorbed dose distributions delivered to the bone marrow, and this was compared with values calculated from the MIRD technique and bone marrow biopsies. The activity concentration in various skeletal regions was calculated from the activity in the region of interest (ROI) drawn on whole body gamma camera images, and the mass of bone in each ROI was derived from a dual x-ray absorptiometry image. The radiation absorbed dose to the bone marrow was calculated from this activity concentration using an adaptation of Bragg-Gray cavity theory. The radiation absorbed dose delivered to the bone marrow in the six patients calculated from the MIRD "S" factors ranged from 15.0 to 46.3 Gy. The gamma camera measured activity concentration in skeletal regions predominantly composed of trabecular bone was approximately five to six times higher than that in cortical regions. The skeletal activity concentration in each patient ranged from highs in such regions as the ribs to lows in such regions as the shin and foot by a factor of nearly 20, producing a heterogeneous distribution of absorbed dose within the marrow. Dose volume histograms calculated for these patients indicated that 15%-20% of the marrow received an absorbed dose significantly larger than the average value, while 5%-10% of the marrow received a substantially lower dose. Weighted mean dose estimates from the regional technique were typically 30% greater than the average dose estimates calculated with the MIRD "S" factors. Finally, absorbed dose estimates for the marrow calculated from the regional technique correlated more closely with the clinical response of blood cells and abnormal proteins measured in bone marrow aspirates and peripheral blood samples than estimates from the MIRD "S" factors.
Comparison of Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) suited and unsuited isolated joint strength measurements (1996)

In this study the strength of subjects suited in extravehicular mobility units (EMU's) - or Space Shuttle suits - was compared to the strength of unsuited subjects. The authors devised a systematic and complete data set that characterizes isolated joint torques for all major joints of EMU-suited subjects. Six joint motions were included in the data set. The joint conditions of six subjects were compared to increase our understanding of the strength capabilities of suited subjects. Data were gathered on suited and unsuited subjects. Suited subjects wore Class 3 or Class 1 suits, with and without thermal micrometeoroid garments (TMG's). Suited and unsuited conditions for each joint motion were compared. From this the authors found, for example, that shoulder abduction suited conditions differ from each other and from the unsuited condition. A second-order polynomial regression model was also provided. This model, which allows the prediction of suited strength when given unsuited strength information, relates the torques of unsuited conditions to the torques of all suited conditions. Data obtained will enable computer modeling of EMU strength, conversion from unsuited to suited data, and isolated joint strength comparisons between suited and unsuited conditions at any measured angle. From these data mission planners and human factors engineers may gain a better understanding of crew posture, and mobility and strength capabilities. This study also may help suit designers optimize suit strength, and provide a foundation for EMU strength modeling systems.
Using Computational Neuroscience to Define Common Input to Spinal Motor Neurons (2016)

OPINION article Front. Hum. Neurosci., 21 June 2016Sec. Motor Neuroscience Volume 10 - 2016 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00313
Appendix C: Binomial and Multinomial Coefficients (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Binomial Coefficient Multinomial Coefficient
Molecular and Genetic Determinants of Glioma Cell Invasion (2017)

A diffusely invasive nature is a major obstacle in treating a malignant brain tumor, "diffuse glioma", which prevents neurooncologists from surgically removing the tumor cells even in combination with chemotherapy and radiation. Recently updated classification of diffuse gliomas based on distinct genetic and epigenetic features has culminated in a multilayered diagnostic approach to combine histologic phenotypes and molecular genotypes in an integrated diagnosis. However, it is still a work in progress to decipher how the genetic aberrations contribute to the aggressive nature of gliomas including their highly invasive capacity. Here we depict a set of recent discoveries involving molecular genetic determinants of the infiltrating nature of glioma cells, especially focusing on genetic mutations in receptor tyrosine kinase pathways and metabolic reprogramming downstream of common cancer mutations. The specific biology of glioma cell invasion provides an opportunity to explore the genotype-phenotype correlation in cancer and develop novel glioma-specific therapeutic strategies for this devastating disease.
The Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (2015)

The mammalian intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem that plays an important role in host immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that alterations in intestinal microbiota composition are linked to multiple inflammatory diseases in humans, including acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). aGVHD is one of the major obstacles in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), characterized by tissue damage in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, liver, lung, and skin. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of intestinal microbiota in the control of immune responses during aGVHD. Additionally, the possibility of using probiotic strains for potential treatment or prevention of aGVHD will be discussed.
A Mechanistic, Model‐Based Approach to Safety Assessment in Clinical Development (2012)

Assessing the safety of pharmacotherapies is a primary goal of clinical trials in drug development. The low frequency of relevant side effects, however, often poses a significant challenge for risk assessment. Methodologies allowing robust extrapolation of safety statistics based on preclinical data and information from clinical trials with limited numbers of patients are hence needed to further improve safety and efficacy in the drug development process. Here, we present a generic systems pharmacology approach integrating prior physiological and pharmacological knowledge, preclinical data, and clinical trial results, which allows predicting adverse event rates related to drug exposure. Possible fields of application involve high-risk populations, novel drug candidates, and different dosing scenarios. As an example, the approach is applied to simvastatin and pravastatin and the prediction of myopathy rates in a population with a genotype leading to a significantly increased myopathy risk.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2012) 1, e13; doi:10.1038/psp.2012.14; advance online publication 7 November 2012.
Land Drainage with Evaporation Drainage Method (2007)

This paper summarizes the characteristics of land drainage with evaporation. Evaporation Drainage Method is used to remove excess water and salts from saturated soil through evaporation from fabric columns, called accelerators, installed in the soil or saline water. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the influence of accelerator length and diameter and salt concentration on water evaporation, and on salt removal. Accelerators with 8 lengths ranging from 60 to 300 mm and 4 diameters ranging from 5 to 30 mm and five saline solutions prepared by mixing KCl with water at 1%, to 10% by weight were used in the experiments. Results showed that accelerators significantly increased water evaporation and salt removal from saline solution and this increase is directly related to length, diameter of accelerator and salt concentration to a lesser degree,. A 60-mm and 300-mm long accelerators increased water evaporation by 27% and 100%, respectively compared to pan evaporation. A 300-mm accelerator increased salt removal by about 320% compared to the 60-mm long accelerator. Increasing the diameter of accelerator from 5 to 30 mm increased evaporation rate and therefore salt removal by 160%. High salt concentration slightly reduced evaporation compared to low concentration but increased salt removal from solutions.
Optical damage measurements for high peak power ytterbium doped fiber amplifiers (2005)

N-on-1 LIDT measurements were performed on ytterbium doped preforms used to make high peak power fiber amplifiers. Damage measurements were complicated by large index of refraction changes across the preforms. These difficulties were overcome by monitoring the beam profile before and after the samples and by only taking data where the transmitted beam was not significantly distorted. Single and 1000 shot data suggest slight laser conditioning of the preforms and rule out laser fatigue in the doped cores and surrounding fused silica. At 1064 nm, inside the emission spectra, there seemed to be little influence of the Yb dopant concentration on the measured LIDT.
Original article: Expression of interleukin-4, interleukin-9 and interleukin-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of cystic fibrosis patients with and without allergy (2006)

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and mucus overproduction are common in CF pulmonary disease and allergic reactions can be frequently observed in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are far from being completely understood. Therefore the expression of the Th2 type cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-9 and IL-13 in CF patients with allergy was compared to patients without allergy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples from 9 allergic CF patients and 8 non-allergic CF patients were obtained. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry were performed to determine mRNA and protein expression of IL4, IL-9, and IL-13 in PBMC. PBMC from allergic CF patients expressed significantly more IL-13 mRNA and protein compared to non-allergic patients (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference for IL-4 and IL-9 between the two groups. In both groups IL-9 mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher compared to IL-4 and IL-13 expression (p < 0.05). These results suggest that IL-13 plays an important role in allergic disease in CF. Moreover, IL-9 may be important in CF disease whether allergy is present or not as it may contribute to BHR and mucus overproduction.
The Toxicity of Meningopneumonitis Organisms (Chlamydia Psittaci) at Different Stages of Development (1969)

Abstract Intact elementary bodies of Chlamydia psittaci are toxic for mice and will absorb antitoxin from hyperimmune serum. The intermediate reticulate form of the organism, however, is non-toxic and does not absorb antitoxin. It appears likely that soon after penetration of the susceptible cell, the organism loses the toxic antigen from its envelope, the antigen is missing during multiplication, and is resynthesized at maturation.
Showing vehicles at blind corners from mixed-dimensional multi-view geometry (2011)

In this paper, we propose a method for assisting drivers by showing vehicles at blind corners. Recently, vehicles are equipped with various kinds of sensors, such as 2D cameras and 3D laser radars. In this paper, we propose a method which enables us to combine different dimensional sensors, such as 2D sensors and 3D sensors, for showing blind corner information efficiently. In particular, we consider the case where one vehicle is equipped with a 3D laser radar and another vehicle is equipped with a 2D camera, and propose a method for showing the position of invisible vehicles by combining these sensor data.