gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Design of Central Pattern Generators Based on the Matsuoka Oscillator to Generate Rhythmic Human-Like Movement for Biped Robots (2007)

We propose a controller based on a central pattern generator (CPG) network of mutually coupled Matsuoka nonlinear neural oscillators to generate rhythmic human-like movement for biped robots. The parameters of mutually inhibited and coupled Matsuoka oscillators and the necessary interconnection coupling coefficients within the CPG network directly influence the generation of the required rhythmic signals related to targeted motion. Our objective is to analyze the mutually coupled neuron models of Matsuoka oscillators to realize an efficient CPG design that leads to have dynamic, stable, sustained rhythmic movement with robust gaits for bipedal robots. We discuss the design of a CPG model with new interconnection coupling links and its inhibitation coefficients for a CPG-based controller. The new design was studied through interaction between simulated interconnection coupling dynamics with six links and a musculoskeletal model with the 6 degrees of freedom (DOFs) of a biped robot. We used the weighted outputs of mutually inhibited oscillators as torques to actuate joints. We verified the effectiveness of our proposal through simulation and compared the results to those of Taga’s CPG model, confirming better, more efficient generation of stable rhythmic walking at different speeds and robustness in response to disturbances.
Analysis of secondary modifications of mouse mammary tumor virus proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1980)

The structural proteins of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis on isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. Many of the viral proteins displayed heterogeneity in charge due to variable contents of carbohydrates (in particular, sialic acid) and phosphate residues. Neuraminidase treatment of the virions influenced the isoelectric pattern of the envelope glycoproteins. The glycoproteins of an MMTV variant which was attenuated by replication in feline kidney cells had different isoelectric points. This suggested that the acquisition of an altered carbohydrate configuration had changed the host range of the virus. The major MMTV structural core protein, p27, consisted of two species, which had identical iodinated tryptic peptide compositions but differed in phosphate contents. Another MMTV phosphoprotein, p21, was separated into four different phosphorylated species. Phosphorylation of p21 could be performed in vitro by the MMTV virion-associated protein kinase. This enzyme also has a high affinity for MMTV p30 as a substrate. Possible functions of this enzyme are discussed.
Safety and Tolerability of Mosquito Bite-Induced Controlled Human Infection with Plasmodium vivax in Malaria-Naive Study Participants—Clinical Profile and Utility of Molecular Diagnostic Methods (2021)

PvCHMI is safe with the majority of infections being detected prior to appearance of clinical symptoms, which can be further alleviated by using sensitive molecular methods for clinical diagnosis. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01157897.
Investigating the Recognition of Local Shapes Using Mid-air Ultrasound Haptics (2019)

Mid-air haptics technologies are able to convey haptic sensations without any direct contact between the user and the haptic interface. One representative example of this technology is ultrasound haptics, which uses ultrasonic phased arrays to deliver haptic sensations. Research on ultrasound haptics is only in its beginnings, and the literature still lacks principled perception studies in this domain. This paper presents a series of human subject experiments investigating important perceptual aspects related to the rendering of 2D shapes by an ultrasound haptic interface (the Ultrahaptics STRATOS platform). We carried out four user studies aiming at evaluating (i) the absolute detection threshold for a static focal point rendered via amplitude modulation, (ii) the absolute detection and identification thresholds for line patterns rendered via spatiotemporal modulation, (iii) the ability to discriminate different line orientations, and (iv) the ability to perceive virtual bumps and holes. These results shed light on the rendering capabilities and limitations of this novel technology for 2D shapes.
Are solid tumor anti-idiotype vaccines ready for prime time? Commentary re: U. Wagner et al., Immunological consolidation of ovarian carcinoma recurrences with monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody ACA125: immune responses and survival in palliative treatment. Clin. Cancer Res., 7: 1154-1162, 2001. (2001)

Immune approaches to the therapy of cancer have evolved substantially over the past years, from treating patients with nonspecific immune stimulants to a focus on the use of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs)[2][1] as specific targets for immunotherapy. Tumor-specific immunological interventions can
A high performance low complexity SiGe HBT for BiCMOS integration (2002)

A low complexity 0.35 /spl mu/m SiGe HBT technology, using a quasi self-aligned emitter/base structure on a non-selective Si/SiGe epitaxial base, is described. Excellent high frequency performances (f/sub max/ up to 71 GHz) are obtained, opening the way to a highly manufacturable SiGe BiCMOS technology.
Origin of Stereochemistry in the α-Amino Acid Esters and Amides Generated from Optically Active Zirconaaziridine Complexes1 (1996)

Methane elimination from ethylenebis(tetrahydroindenyl)(methyl)zirconium amides (R = alkyl or aryl, R‘ = aryl) (S,S)-26 gives a mixture of epimeric zirconaaziridines 25 and 30. When zirconaaziridines with R = alkyl are trapped with ethylene carbonate as they are formed, methyl α-amino acid esters 16 are obtained in poor ee (+14% to −56%); the ee's of 16 reflect the kinetic ratio of 25 to 30. When epimeric zirconaaziridines with R = aryl are allowed to equilibrate before ethylene carbonate is added, the esters 16 are obtained in >96% ee. When epimeric zirconaaziridines with R = alkyl are allowed to equilibrate before ethylene carbonate is added, 16 is obtained in 21−97% ee. When isocyanates are added to the zirconaaziridine epimers 25 and 30, phenylglycinamides are obtained in 80−99% ee. The ee's of the esters and amides are better when R‘ is o-anisyl than when R‘ is Ph. A Curtin−Hammett−Winstein−Holness analysis explains the stereochemistry in the esters and amides. When an equilibrated mixture of epimers (R = CH2Ph, R‘ = o-anisyl) 25g and 30g is treated with increasing ethylene carbonate concentrations, the ee of the ester 16g increases from 53% to 89%. The ee of 16g at saturation with ethylene carbonate implies that Keq (k25g/k30g) is 17.2 for the 30g ⇌ 25g equilibrium. A similar result (19.0) is obtained from the de of the insertion product rac-38 when 30g ⇌ 25g is treated with an excess of t-BuNCO.
Apolipoprotein H (beta-2-glycoprotein I) polymorphism in Asians. (1992)

Apolipoprotein H (APOH) (beta-2-glycoprotein I) polymorphism has been studied in 1159 Asians. The sample included 872 Chinese, 179 Asiatic Indians (Dravidian), 91 Filipinos, and 17 Malays. APOH polymorphism was determined by isoelectric focusing of sera in thin-layer polyacrylamide gels containing 3 M urea followed by immunoblotting. The frequencies of the three alleles--APOH*1, APOH*2, and APOH*3--were found to be 0.031, 0.900, and 0.069 in the Chinese; 0.061, 0.866, and 0.073 in the Dravidian Indians; 0.055, 0.923, and 0.022 in the Filipinos; and 0.088, 0.882, and 0.029 in the Malays. The phenotypic distribution was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all the populations.
Modeling of spin-dependent hot-electron transport in the spin-valve transistor (2001)

A phenomenological model is presented that describes spin-dependent hot-electron transport in the spin-valve transistor. The three-dimensional model is based on the Boltzmann equation and takes into account spin-dependent inelastic and elastic scattering within each metal layer of the base and elastic scattering at the interfaces, as well as the injection and collection characteristics of the emitter and collector Schottky barriers. We numerically calculate the attenuation of the hot electrons, as well as their angular distribution of momentum, as a function of the position in the metallic base. We investigate how elastic scattering affects the attenuation lengths via the angular distribution of momentum and show that elastic scattering at an interface leads to an increase of the effective bulk attenuation length of the layers after that interface. We also find that the magnetocurrent is changed by interface scattering even if it is taken to be independent of spin. We find that when elastic scattering is significant, the true attenuation lengths are markedly larger than those predicted in a one-directional model from the scattering parameters for elastic and inelastic scattering. The calculations demonstrate that elastic scattering may be the primary reason for the small collector currents observed in the spin-valve transistor experimentally.
Effect of (−)‐hydroxycitrate upon the accumulation of lipid in the rat: II. Appetite (1974)

Abstract These studies were designed to determine the effect of (−)‐hydroxycitrate upon the accumulation of lipid in the rat by examining appetite, wt gain, and total body lipid profiles. The chronic oral administration of a nontoxic dose of (−)‐hydroxycitrate to growing rats for 11–30 days caused a significant reduction in body wt gain, food consumption, and total body lipid. The administration of equimolar amounts of citrate did not alter wt gain, appetite, or body lipid. No increase in liver size or liver lipid content occurred with either treatment. Pair feeding studies demonstrated that the reduction in food intake accounted for the decrease in wt gain and body lipid observed with (−)‐hydroxycitrate treatment.
Compensating Edge Polarity: A Means To Alter the Growth Orientation of MgO Nanostructures on Au(111) (2012)

The growth characteristic and stability of monolayer MgO islands on Au(111) have been explored with low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory. Depending on the deposition temperature and oxygen partial pressure, either compact MgO patches with a (001) lattice configuration or triangular/hexagonal islands with a (111) lattice are observed in the experiment. Total-energy calculations revealed that the relative stability of the two types of nanostructures is governed by the nature of their boundaries. Formation of (001)-oriented MgO islands is promoted by the stability of their inherently nonpolar [100]-oriented edges. Conversely, the zigzag edges around (111) islands are more open and associated with an in-plane electrostatic dipole that renders them unfavorable at ideal vacuum conditions. Since edge dipoles are efficiently quenched by OH groups, hydroxylation via water from the rest gas may compensate for the edge polarity, producing the decisive stabilization effect of the MgO(111) islands on the Au(111) support. Our work highlights the largely unrecognized role of finite polar terminations, i.e., polar facets and edges, on the properties of spatially confined ionic systems.
The3d→4ptransitions ofCu+in LiCl and of transition-metal ions in crystals (1977)

An intense absorption band due to ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{+}$ in alkali halides has been observed. In LiCl:${\mathrm{Cu}}^{+}$ it occurs at 57 300 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Its three-dimensional oscillator strength is $f=0.070$. It is shown that this band is primarily a ${d}^{10}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{d}^{9}p$ transition. The $d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p$ transition energy in the crystal is substantially lower than in the free ion, although the $d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s$ transition energy is higher. The near-uv bands are discussed in the light of this new observation. We believe that the present assignment opens the way for $3d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4p$ band assignments in other ions in crystals, and several have been suggested.
Personal and social functioning in schizophrenia: defining a clinically meaningful measure of maintenance in relapse prevention (2010)

Background:Relapse prevention and maintenance of social functioning are important treatment objectives in the long-term management of schizophrenia. However, relatively little is known about measuring maintenance of social functioning to assess treatment benefit in relapse prevention clinical trials or as a tool to predict relapse in clinical practice. This study aims (1) to define a clinically meaningful decrease in the Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP) to assess antipsychotic treatment benefit in terms of maintenance of functioning and (2) to explore the threshold value of PSP decline as a useful tool to predict relapse in clinical practice.Methods:This post hoc analysis of two similar placebo-controlled relapse prevention clinical trials consisted of an exploration of change in PSP that would represent a clinically important decrement to measure treatment benefit in terms of time to PSP decrement (ITT analysis set; Study 1: n = 205) and an assessment of predictive value of PSP decrement and relapse status (ITT analysis set; Study 2: n = 408).Results:A 10-point decrement in PSP score was the threshold value for a clinically meaningful decline in personal and social functioning in a relapse prevention trial (Study 1). A strong association was found with relapse status: 61% of subjects with at least a 10-point decrease in PSP experienced the decrement prior to (between start of double-blind phase and before day of relapse) or on the day of relapse (Study 2). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of time to at least a 10-point decrement in PSP showed that the proportion of subjects who did not experience at least a 10-point PSP decrease was statistically significantly greater in the paliperidone palmitate group than in the placebo group (p = 0.0014) (Study 2).Conclusions:Findings suggest a 10-point PSP decrement is a clinically relevant measure of maintenance of functioning in patients stabilized with antipsychotic therapy. Paliperidone palmitate demonstrated a statistically significant treatment benefit in terms of maintenance of functioning versus placebo. Furthermore, measuring a clinically relevant PSP decrement may be useful as an early functional indicator of relapse in clinical practice.Limitations:The exploration and validation of the threshold value of change in the PSP was designed and conducted post hoc. Predictive value is limited by the frequency in which PSP assessments were carried out in these trials, underscoring the importance of regular assessment.
Synthesis of Some New Cyanopyrans and Cyanopyridines and Their Biological Activities. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Determination of diffraction efficiency for a second-order corrugated waveguide (1997)

The diffraction from a second-order corrugated waveguide is analyzed to determine its efficiency as an element to redirect a guided wave. Using a rectangular grating, the efficiency is evaluated in an approximate closed form. The dependence upon grating thickness, waveguide thickness, and wavelength are investigated and the results indicate usefulness as a simulation tool for photonic integrated circuits.
Oral Shear Stress Predicts Flavour Perception in Viscous Solutions (2002)

The perception of sweetness and flavour were studied in viscous solutions containing 50 g/l sucrose, 100 p.p.m. iso-amyl acetate and varying concentrations of three hydrocolloid thickeners (guar gum, lambda-carrageenan and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose). Zero-shear viscosity of the samples ranged from 1 to 5000 mPas. Perception of both sweetness and aroma was suppressed at thickener concentrations above c* (coil overlap concentration, the point at which there is an abrupt increase in solution viscosity as thickener concentration is increased). Sensory data for the three hydrocolloids was only loosely correlated with their concentration relative to c* (c/c* ratio), particularly above c*. However, when perceptual data were plotted against the Kokini oral shear stress (tau), calculated from rheological measurements, data for the three hydrocolloids aligned to form a master-curve, enabling the prediction of flavour intensity in such systems. The fact that oral shear stress can be used to model sweetness and aroma perception supports the hypothesis that somatosensory tactile stimuli can interact with taste and aroma signals to modulate their perception.
The effect of vanadium-contaminated commercially available albumin solutions on renal tubular function. (2000)

We report our findings in a patient with coronary heart disease who received an intravenous albumin solution that contained a significant level of vanadium on the first day after elective primary coronary revascularization. Six patients who underwent similar surgical procedures without albumin infusion were taken as a control group. After administration of the V-contaminated albumin solution, the urinary excretion rates of alpha-glutathione S-transferase, a marker of proximal tubular damage, showed a several-fold elevation above the reference value, and the mean excretion rate was significantly different from that of the control group (p < 0.05). pi-Glutathione S-transferase, a marker of distal tubular damage, only marginally exceeded the upper reference limit in two urine samples from this patient. In all urine samples from the control group the excretion rates of pi-GST were below the detection limit. No significant differences in the excretion rates of alpha1-microglobulin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were found between the patient treated with the albumin infusion and the patients of the control group. The biological half-life of intravenously administered V was approximately 125 h. All commercially available albumin solutions contain traces of vanadium with the concentration varying between 1.1 and 677 microg/l. The free V fraction in the albumin solutions increased with total V concentration, the highest concentration of free V found being 299 microg/l. The data suggest that the use of albumin solutions containing high levels of vanadium can lead to renal injuries, especially in patients with existing impaired renal function, as is the case with extracorporal circulation. The contamination is believed to be a result of the commercial isolation process.
Neutrophil morphology and migration are affected by substrate elasticity (2009)

To reach sites of inflammation, neutrophils execute a series of adhesion and migration events that include transmigration through the vascular endothelium and chemotaxis through the vicinal extracellular matrix until contact is made with the point of injury or infection. These in vivo microenvironments differ in their mechanical properties. Using polyacrylamide gels of physiologically relevant elasticity in the range of 5 to 100 kPa and coated with fibronectin, we tested how neutrophil adhesion, spreading, and migration were affected by substrate stiffness. Neutrophils on the softest gels showed only small changes in spread area, whereas on the stiffest gels they showed a 3-fold increase. During adhesion and migration, the magnitudes of the distortions induced in the gel substrate were independent of substrate stiffness, corresponding to the generation of significantly larger traction stresses on the stiffer gels. Cells migrated more slowly but more persistently on stiffer substrates, which resulted in neutrophils moving greater distances over time despite their slower speeds. The largest tractions were localized to the posterior of migrating neutrophils and were independent of substrate stiffness. Finally, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 obviated the ability to sense substrate stiffness, suggesting that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase plays a mechanistic role in neutrophil mechanosensing.
Intratumoral androgen levels are linked to TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in prostate cancer (2018)

Intratumoral androgen biosynthesis is one of the mechanisms involved in the progression of prostate cancer, and an important target for novel prostate cancer therapies. Using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and genome-wide RNA sequencing, we have analyzed androgen concentrations and androgen-regulated gene expression in cancerous and morphologically benign prostate tissue specimens and serum samples obtained from 48 primary prostate cancer patients. Intratumoral dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations were significantly higher in the cancerous tissues compared to benign prostate (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The tissue/serum ratios of androgens were highly variable between the patients, indicating individual patterns of androgen metabolism and/or uptake of androgens within the prostate tissue. An unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of intratissue androgen concentrations indicated that transmembrane protease, serine 2/ETS-related gene (TMPRSS2-ERG)-positive patients have different androgen profiles compared to TMPRSS2-ERG-negative patients. TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion status was also associated with an enhanced androgen-regulated gene expression, along with altered intratumoral androgen metabolism, demonstrated by reduced testosterone concentrations and increased DHT/testosterone ratios in TMPRSS2-ERG-positive tumors. TMPRSS2-ERG-positive and -negative prostate cancer specimens have distinct intratumoral androgen profiles, possibly due to activation of testosterone-independent DHT biosynthesis via the alternative pathway in TMPRSS2-ERG-positive tumors. Thus, patients with TMPRSS2-ERG-positive prostate cancer may benefit from novel inhibitors targeting the alternative DHT biosynthesis.
Osteonectin/SPARC is overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (1999)

Osteonectin (ON)/SPARC is a glycoprotein involved in extracellular matrix remodelling. ON expression by myofibroblasts has been reported in fibrotic human liver. As ON also plays a role in cell adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation, this study was designed to document its expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Tissues from 26 HCCs of various histological grades and architecture and from surrounding non-tumour liver (23 cirrhotic or fibrotic, three non-fibrotic) were tested by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical detection of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was performed on serial sections or in combination with hybridization. Large amounts of ON mRNA and protein were detected in the tumour capsule, in the fibrous bands, and along capillaries within HCCs. The signal was located in cells suggestive of myofibroblasts, as confirmed by positive staining for α-SMA. In HCC, ON protein was always detectable, with strong staining in high-grade tumours, whereas it was mostly undetectable in non-tumour tissues. A clear difference was also shown for ON transcripts, except in a few cases with chronic active hepatitis, where ON transcripts were also expressed at a high level. Overexpression of ON transcripts in HCC vs. non-tumour liver was confirmed by RNA blot in 20/22 patients tested. In conclusion, ON is strongly expressed by the stromal myofibroblasts of human HCC, especially of high grade. This expression could play a role in tumour progression. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.