gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inductive learning for product assortment graph completion (2021)

Global retailers have assortments that contain hundreds of thousands of products that can be linked by several types of relationships like style compatibility, "bought together", "watched together", etc. Graphs are a natural representation for assortments, where products are nodes and relations are edges. Relations like style compatibility are often produced by a manual process and therefore do not cover uniformly the whole graph. We propose to use inductive learning to enhance a graph encoding style compatibility of a fashion assortment, leveraging rich node information comprising textual descriptions and visual data. Then, we show how the proposed graph enhancement improves substantially the performance on transductive tasks with a minor impact on graph sparsity.
Sourcing performance satisfaction: A study of the critical success factors and firm-related characteristics (2005)

The aim of this paper is to identify the critical success factors (CSFs) of production sourcing for small and medium-sized clothing firms in Hong Kong, and to explore the effects of these factors and firm-related characteristics on satisfaction with production sourcing performance. A two-stage methodology was applied. In the first stage, a multiple-case study of ten small and medium-sized clothing firms in Hong Kong was undertaken to identify the CSFs and critical performance indicators of production sourcing. In the second stage, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 104 small and medium-sized clothing firms to test the developed hypotheses. Based on the findings, the two most significant success factors of production sourcing are the sustaining of long-term relationships with production providers and choosing production providers carefully. The two aspects of production sourcing performance that are most likely to lead to satisfaction are on-time delivery and better quality. The results show that the level of satisfaction with sourcing performance is influenced by certain CSFs and firm-related characteristics.
Commentary: The Potential for Unintended Consequences From Public Policy Shifts in the Treatment of Pain (1998)

View extract The capacity to treat pain has never been greater; but, as you will read in the articles that follow, the problem of undertreated and neglected pain in the United States persists. Deep-seated perceptions and practices undergird this strong and well-documented pattern of neglect. Among the reasons frequently noted for the inadequacy of treatment for pain, however, is that the legal system actually penalizes effective interventions to relieve pain while it leaves neglect of pain unthreatened. It is the mission of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics (ASLME) to explore areas, such as this one, where developments in medicine directly encounter the law and, in turn, create ethical issues for clinicians, regulators, patients, and lawyers.This special issue of the Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics is part of a multi-year project in which ASLME, with the wonderful support of the Mayday Fund, has worked to address legal and regulatory barriers to effective pain relief.
Using information scent to model the dynamic foraging behavior of programmers in maintenance tasks (2008)

In recent years, the software engineering community has begun to study program navigation and tools to support it. Some of these navigation tools are very useful, but they lack a theoretical basis that could reduce the need for ad hoc tool building approaches by explaining what is fundamentally necessary in such tools. In this paper, we present PFIS (Programmer Flow by Information Scent), a model and algorithm of programmer navigation during software maintenance. We also describe an experimental study of expert programmers debugging real bugs described in real bug reports for a real Java application. We found that PFIS' performance was close to aggregated human decisions as to where to navigate, and was significantly better than individual programmers' decisions.
Self-Assembly of Amphoteric Azopyridine Carboxylic Acids:  Organized Structures and Macroscopic Organized Morphology Influenced by Heat, pH Change, and Light (2000)

In this paper, we describe the synthesis of novel amphoteric azopyridine carboxylic acids (2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b), having both a carboxyl group as a hydrogen donor and a pyridyl group as an acceptor at each molecular terminus, and their self-organization, which is markedly affected by external stimuli including heat, pH changes, and light. The amphoteric compounds form intermolecular hydrogen bonds between pyridyl and carboxyl groups in a head-to-tail manner in the solid state to give linear pseudopolymer structures, as supported by FT-IR analysis. Heating and cooling across their melting points induced thermoreversible supramolecular depolymerization to and polymerization from small molecular components of monomers and the corresponding carboxylic acid dimers. In alkaline aqueous media, these amphoteric compounds, dissolved as carboxylate anions, were gradually neutralized by atmospheric carbon dioxide, leading to their deposition as novel fibrous materials from 3b and 4b, substituted with a propyl group at the phenyl ring, and as leaflet crystals from 3a and 4a bearing no substituent. FT-IR and X-ray diffraction measurements supported the conclusion that the formation of fibrous materials from 3b and 4b arises from their intermolecular hydrogen bonding in a head-to-tail manner as well as the suppressive effect of propyl substitution on the π−π stacking of the molecules. UV irradiation of alkaline solutions of 4b resulted in the modification of the morphology of fibrous materials, probably because the photoisomerized Z-isomer of 4b affected the nucleation process in the fibrous formation. These results suggest that morphological properties of these macroscopic self-assemblages are tunable by appropriate choices of environmental stimuli such as heat, pH, and light.
Polymorphisms in ER-alpha gene interact with estrogen receptor status in breast cancer survival. (2005)

These data suggest that the ER-alpha gene polymorphisms and ER status may have an interactive effect on breast cancer survival.
Retinal Damage Mechanisms for Ultrashort Laser Exposure (1999)

The Air Force has led a research effort to investigate the thresholds and mechanisms for retinal damage from ultrashort laser pulses [i.e. nanosecond (10−9 sec) to femtosecond (10−15 sec) pulse durations] for the past several years. The outcome is a recommendation for the establishment of maximum permissible exposure limits in the visible and near infrared. We review the progress made in determining trends in retinal damage1 from laser pulses from one nanosecond to one hundred femtoseconds duration at visible and near-infrared wavelengths including variations in spot size and number of pulses. We discuss the most likely damage mechanisms operative in this pulse width regime and discuss relevance to laser safety.
Nonparametric supervised learning by linear interpolation with maximum entropy (2006)

Nonparametric neighborhood methods for learning entail estimation of class conditional probabilities based on relative frequencies of samples that are "near-neighbors" of a test point. We propose and explore the behavior of a learning algorithm that uses linear interpolation and the principle of maximum entropy (LIME). We consider some theoretical properties of the LIME algorithm: LIME weights have exponential form; the estimates are consistent; and the estimates are robust to additive noise. In relation to bias reduction, we show that near-neighbors contain a test point in their convex hull asymptotically. The common linear interpolation solution used for regression on grids or look-up-tables is shown to solve a related maximum entropy problem. LIME simulation results support use of the method, and performance on a pipeline integrity classification problem demonstrates that the proposed algorithm has practical value.
Microcarrier culture: Applications in biological production and cell biology (1981)

Abstract This report reviews recent progress in micro carrier technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This progress includes new understanding of the nutritional needs of high‐cell density micro carrier cultures, the demonstration of cell growth on microcarriers in a hormone‐supplemented, serum‐free medium, and the continuous cell propagation of epithelial cell types in microcarrier culture by medium modification that permits efficient bead‐to bead transfer. Also, a technique for obtaining large quantities of mitotic cells by selective detachment from microcarriers is reported. Finally, recent progress in interferon production from human foreskin fibroblasts grown on microcarriers is outlined: Our improvements in the interferon “super induction” process have increased the interferon yield per cell fivefold to tenfold.
Use of Green Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Extract and Water-Soluble Nanomicelles of Green Rooibos Extract Encapsulated with Ascorbic Acid for Enhanced Aspalathin Content in Ready-to-Drink Iced Teas (2010)

Heat-induced changes in aspalathin, iso-orientin, and orientin content of ready-to-drink (RTD) green rooibos iced tea formulations were investigated. An organic-solvent-based aspalathin-enriched extract prepared from green rooibos was used "as-is" or encapsulated with ascorbic acid in a water-soluble nanomicelle-based carrier system. The common iced tea ingredients, ascorbic acid, and/or citric acid were added to the iced tea containing green rooibos extract. Only citric acid was added to the iced tea containing the nanomicelles. Heat treatments consisted of pasteurization (93 °C/5 min and 93 °C/30 min), normal-temperature sterilization (NTS; 121 °C/15 min), and high-temperature sterilization (HTS; 135 °C/4 min). Pasteurization had little or no effect on the flavonoid content. NTS and HTS induced significant losses in the flavonoids. The addition of citric and ascorbic acids improved the stability of the flavonoids, but encapsulation of green rooibos extract with ascorbic acid in nanomicelles did not offer additional stability. The only benefit of using the water-soluble nanomicelles was the improved clarity of the RTD product. Iso-orientin and orientin contents were substantially less affected than aspalathin by the heat treatments, partially because of conversion of aspalathin to these flavones, which countered losses. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a known dehydration product of hexoses under mild acidic conditions and also a degradation product of ascorbic acid, was observed in formulations containing citric and/or ascorbic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen Heterocycles by Sulfur Ylide Annulation. Part 9. 3,4‐Dihydro‐2‐hydroxymethyl‐2H,5H‐pyrano(3,2‐c)(1)benzopyran‐5‐ones from 3‐(3‐Oxoalkyl)‐4‐hydroxycoumarins and Dimethylsulfoxonium Methylide. (1987)

Abstract The title starting reagents (I) are readily prepared from the respective hydroxy coumarins by literature methods.
DEFICIENCIAS EN EL ALMACENAMIENTO DE GRANOS (1988)

DE ACUERDO A CIFRAS DEL PROGRAMA NACIONAL ALIMENTARIO, MAS DEL 10 POR CIENTO DE LA PRODUCCION TOTAL DE GRANOS DEL PAIS SE PIERDE ANUALMENTE A CAUSA DE PRACTICAS DEFICIENTES DE ALMACENAMIENTO Y CONSERVACION, PRINCIPALMENTE EN EL MEDIO RURAL Y DEBIDO A LA ACCION DESTRUCTIVA DE HONGOS, INSECTOS Y ROEDORES, ASEGURO EL DOCTOR ERNESTO MORENO MARTINEZ, INTEGRANTE DEL INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA.
BEHCET'S DISEASE (1990)

From the Retina-Uveitis Service and the Cornea-External Disease Service, Division of Ophthalmology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA. Address correspondence to Dr Michelson, Division of Ophthalmology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037.
Study of a pole - zero adaptive echo canceller (1987)

The performance of a pole-zero adaptive filter in echo cancellation is studied. Compared with conventional transversal filters, this structure requires fewer taps to achieve the same echo cancellation performance when the echo path can be well modeled by a rational transfer function. Such issues as the degree of echo cancellation, the stability of the filter, the selection of the order, and the effects of observation noise are studied by using simulated echo path models and then tested with actual measured acoustic echo models in teleconferencing. The advantages and remaining problems are discussed.
Dabigatran/Dabigatran etexilate (2005)

Because of the crucial role of thrombin in the coagulation cascade and platelet activation, the enzyme is a primary target for the development of anticoagulant and antithrombotic drugs. The peptidomimetic dabigatran and its oral double prodrug dabigatran etexilate are univalent direct thrombin inhibitors. Pharmacological studies indicate that dabigatran potently interferes with the coagulation cascade, being highly selective for thrombin over most other serine proteases. Dabigatran and dabigatran etexilate have proven to be well tolerated in vivo in animal models. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that thrombin activity is dose-dependently inhibited following administration of the prodrug. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters increase proportionally with dose. Food delays but does not affect the extent of absorption of the agent. Clinical studies indicated good safety. Higher plasma levels of dabigatran were associated with a lower incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Moreover, dabigatran etexilate at the doses examined has proven to be safe and effective in the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared with other anticoagulants such as warfarin.
Structure-activity-resistance relationships of novel nucleoside and nucleotide HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2012)

Nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (N(t)RTI) are essential components of combination antiretroviral therapy for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection. N(t)RTI are analogs of natural 2’-deoxyribonucleos(t)ides that lack a 3’-hydroxyl. Once metabolized by host kinases to the active form, their incorporation into viral DNA by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) results in chain termination of DNA synthesis. N(t)RTI efficacy is undermined primarily by rapid selection of resistant/cross-resistant HIV-1 variants. Consequently, the development of novel N(t)RTI with activity against a broad range of N(t)RTI-resistant HIV-1 is of critical importance. Rational design of novel N(t)RTI with knowledge of analog structure-activity-resistance relationships with the RT target enzyme is the most promising approach. We hypothesized that uncovering knowledge of how N(t)RTI base, sugar, and phosphate structures influence activity and resistance phenotypes would aid in the rational design of new N(t)RTI with improved activity and resistance profiles. Therefore, a combination of biochemical, antiviral, molecular modeling, and cellular pharmacology analyses provided a detailed characterization of structure-activity-resistance relationships for inhibition of wild-type and NRTI-resistant HIV-1 by novel N(t)RTI. First, we studied two novel nucleoside phosphonate NtRTI, (R)-6-[2-phosphonylmethoxy]propoxy]-2,4-diaminopyrimidine (PMEO-DAPym) and (5-(6-amino-purin-9-yl)-4-fluoro-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-yloxymethyl)phosphonate (GS-9148). We showed the diphosphate (-DP) form, PMEO-DAPym-DP acts as a purine mimetic that is recognized by RT as an adenosine analog and unambiguously incorporated across from thymine (DNA) or uracil (RNA). Studies indicated that PMEO-DAPym-DP and GS-9148-DP were superior to tenofovir-DP against both discrimination and excision RT resistance mechanisms. Next, we examined structure-activity-resistance relationships of 6-modified, 3’-azido-2’,3’-dideoxyguanosine (3’-azido-ddG) NRTI analogs. In RT-mediated DNA synthesis assays the triphosphate (-TP) form of each analog behaved as an adenosine mimetic for incorporation by HIV-1 RT. Importantly, the structure-activity relationships for incorporation and ATP-mediated excision were different, suggesting that new analogs can be designed that are efficiently incorporated but poorly excised by RT. RS-788, a 5’-monophosphate prodrug of 3’-azido-2’,3’-dideoxy-2,6-diaminopurine (3’-azido-2,6-DA-P), displayed potent activity against multi-NRTI-resistant HIV-1 and unique cellular metabolism. RS-788 was metabolized ~1:1 to both 3’-azido-2,6-DA-P and 3’-azido-ddG, thus delivering two distinct metabolites, each of which are potent RT chain-terminators that are incorporated opposite different bases, thymine and cytosine, respectively. Combinations of 3’-azido-2,6-DA-P+3’-azido-ddG synergistically inhibited multi-NRTI-resistant RT DNA synthesis.
Carbon or graphite foam as a heating element and system thereof (2023)

A temperature regulator includes at least one electrically conductive carbon foam element. The foam element includes at least two locations adapted for receiving electrical connectors thereto for heating a fluid, such as engine oil. A combustion engine includes an engine block and at least one carbon foam element, the foam element extending into the engine block or disposed in thermal contact with at least one engine fluid.
ChemInform Abstract: CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS, SYNTHESIS, AND CARBON‐13 SPECTROSCOPY OF 9,9‐DIMETHYLBICYCLO(3.3.1)NONANE DERIVATIVES (1985)

Abstract 4,4‐Dimethyl‐cyclohexadienon (I) und Aceton‐dicarbonsäureester (II) dienen als Ausgangsprodukte für die Synthese von 9,9‐Di‐methyl‐bicyclo[3,3,1]nonanen im angegebenen Sinne.
254 DIFFERENTIAL TRANSCRIPTION AND CYSTOPLASMIC POLYADENYLATION ELEMENTS IN PORCINE GERMINAL VESICLE AND METAPHASE II OOCYTES (2005)

Identification of transcripts produced during porcine oocyte maturation is one of the first steps in defining pathways important to development. Practically, this information will aid in the refinement of in vitro culture processes, allowing for more efficient in vitro embryo production. To this end, mRNA was isolated from 50 in vitro-matured sow metaphase II stage oocytes (Bomed, Inc., Madison, WI, USA) (MIIs), 50 in vitro-matured gilt metaphase II-stage oocytes (MIIg), and 50 gilt germinal vesicle stage oocytes (GVO) by using the Dynabead® system (Dynal, Inc., Lake Success, NY, USA) and amplified by using the SMART system (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA, USA). The PCR products were ligated into a pSport vector and transformed into electro-competent E. coli. Colonies were randomly picked and sequenced at the University of Missouri DNA Core. Sequences were clustered with similar sequences derived from a larger expressed sequence tag (EST) project (http://genome.rnet.missouri.edu/Swine/) by using the tlcluster program developed at the University of Iowa. Following clustering, individual clusters in the cDNA libraries were compared by using Fisher's exact test (P &amp;lt; 0.01) to determine if they were differentially represented. Two sets of comparisons were performed, one between the MIIs and MIIg libraries, and another between the GVO library and the combination of both metaphase II libraries (MII). The number of clusters per number of clones in the library was 966/1668 (GVO), 458/820 (MIIg), and 158/819 (MIIs). There were 15/419 clusters that were different between the MIIs and MIIg libraries, and 26/1269 that were different between the MII and GVO libraries. Potential cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements (CPEs) identified from the literature were found in the GVO and MII libraries by using a custom pattern-matching program. Of the clusters with differential expression, 4/15 (MIIs vs. MIIg) and 7/26 (MII vs. GVO) contained CPEs. Table 1 contains a partial list of differentially expressed genes and the sequence of their cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements. Many genes were found to be differentially expressed in both (MII vs. GVO and MIIs vs. MIIg) comparisons. Collectively, these findings will facilitate the elucidation of important developmental pathways in swine and other animals. Table 1. Comparison of mRNA expression and cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements This work was partially funded by a University of Missouri Life Sciences Mission Enhancement grant and Food for the 21st Century.
A gradient-directed unsharp masking algorithm for synchrotron radiation angiography (2003)

An algorithm for digital processing of synchrotron radiation digital subtraction intravenous angiographies (intravenous SYRDA) is presented. It is used to enhance the coronary arteries hidden behind the heart chambers and the aorta (which are normally filled with contrast medium and thus are opaque). In order to remove these large structures, a gradient operator computed over a very large area is used. The edges of the large structures are suppressed by evaluating the gradient in each pixel of the image. Some preliminary results with a synthetic image and an image taken from a human subject are presented. The performance is found to be good in terms of both image quality and computational speed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Longitudinal Monitoring of Sex-Related in vivo Metabolic Changes in the Brain of Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Mouse Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (2013)

Epidemiological studies indicate that the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is higher in women than in men. There is evidence that changes in metabolites in the brain associated with the development of AD are present earlier than structural brain changes. The effect of sex on the metabolic profile during the development of AD has not yet been studied. In this study we longitudinally monitored and compared in vivo metabolic changes in male and female AβPPswe, PSEN1dE9 transgenic mice brains using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our results show a lower level of glutamate as well as of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in transgenic mice. The decline in NAA with age was more apparent in female mice. The level of taurine was higher in female mice and showed a faster decline over time. In conclusion, our study is the first to suggest that changes in the metabolic profile during AD development are influenced by sex.
Electronic structure of CaFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with antiferromagnetic spin ordering (2013)

The electronic structure of antiferromagnetic CaFe2O4 is calculated by using a generalized gradient approximation considering on-site Coulomb interaction between d-electrons (GGA+U). We found that the antiferromagnetic phase is the most stable among non-magnetic, ferromagnetic, and antiferromagnetic phases. With GGA+U, the band gap energy of CaFe2O4 is calculated to be ca. 1.9 eV. The lower conduction band consists of the Fe 3d states split into t2g and eg states by the octahedral FeO6 environment. The Ca 3d states distribute upper conduction bands. On the other hand, the valence band is mainly composed of the interaction between Fe 3d and O 2p states. The valence band maximum is approximately located at the Z-point and the conduction band minimum at the X-point. This means that antiferromagnetic CaFe2O4 is an indirect energy gap material. The absolute value of the magnetic moment at Fe sites is calculated to be 4.16 µB, which is very close to experimental values.
Microwave assisted etherification of lignin (2017)

The content of phenol and aliphatic groups of softwood kraft lignin has been altered to control the reactivity and the physical properties of the lignin. The influence of microwave assisted alkylat ...