gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism and Efficacy of Sub–50-nm Tenfibgen Nanocapsules for Cancer Cell–Directed Delivery of Anti-CK2 RNAi to Primary and Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2014)

Improved survival for patients with head and neck cancers (HNC) with recurrent and metastatic disease warrants that cancer therapy is specific, with protected delivery of the therapeutic agent to primary and metastatic cancer cells. A further objective should be that downregulation of the intracellular therapy target leads to cell death without compensation by an alternate pathway. To address these goals, we report the utilization of a sub-50-nm tenfibgen (s50-TBG) nanocapsule that delivers RNAi oligonucleotides directed against the essential survival signal protein kinase CK2 (RNAi-CK2) in a cancer cell-specific manner. We have evaluated mechanism and efficacy of using s50-TBG-RNAi-CK2 nanocapsules for therapy of primary and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). s50-TBG nanocapsules enter cancer cells via the lipid raft/caveolar pathway and deliver their cargo (RNAi-CK2) preferentially to malignant but not normal tissues in mice. Our data suggest that RNAi-CK2, a unique single-stranded oligonucleotide, co-opts the argonaute 2/RNA-induced silencing complex pathway to target the CK2αα' mRNAs. s50-TBG-RNAi-CK2 inhibited cell growth corresponding with reduced CK2 expression in targeted tumor cells. Treatment of three xenograft HNSCC models showed that primary tumors and metastases responded to s50-TBG-RNAi-CK2 therapy, with tumor shrinkage and 6-month host survival that was achieved at relatively low doses of the therapeutic agent without any adverse toxic effect in normal tissues in the mice. We suggest that our nanocapsule technology and anti-CK2 targeting combine into a therapeutic modality with a potential of significant translational promise.
100-Gb/s Hybrid Multiband CAP/QAM Signal Transmission Over a Single Wavelength (2015)

Hybrid multiband (HMB) CAP/QAM transmitter/receiver systems are proposed for the first time. Simulation results are provided to show the feasibility of 100 Gb Ethernet links employing a single-laser source transmitting HMB CAP-16/QAM-16, CAP-32/QAM-32, and CAP-64/QAM-64 signals. The proposed hybrid scheme has low sensitivity to directly modulated laser nonlinearities. We found that QAM receivers bring about identical jitter tolerance to ideally phase compensated CAP receivers, and QAM receivers are more practical since no phase tracking and compensation are required. Compared with the case of using a standard non phase compensated CAP receiver, the use of the modified QAM-16/32/64 receiver significantly lowers system timing jitter sensitivity in the multiband, as well as single-band case. Results also show that the use of increasing number of bands causes increased system power margin. For practical jitter conditions of ±6 ps, three HMB CAP/QAM systems with optimum band counts are identified to be capable of supporting single-laser 100 Gb/s transmission over 15-km SMF.
Individualized Diets for Diabetic Patients (1983)

A flexible system for diet education and meal planning for diabetic patients is presented. Although this program may be accomplished by interested, knowledgeable physicians, it is best done by a diet counselor (registered dietitian or nurse educator). Nevertheless, physicians should be intimately involved by discussing the patient's progress with the diet counselor and by providing reinforcement of the efforts of the counselor.
FE simulation and experimental verification of side-flow and burr formation in machining of oxygen-free copper (2018)

This article considers the influence of cutting data on burr formation when machining oxygen-free copper in a longitudinal turning operation. Burr formation and side-flow frequently occur in a cutting process, resulting in highly undesirable poor surface integrity and reduced dimensional accuracy of the machined components. Finite Element (FE) simulations of a cutting process were used to simulate radial burr formation for variable cutting depth, feed and major cutting edge angle. The results from FE simulations are compared with the experiments of longitudinal turning. Decrease of depth of cut and major cutting edge angle result in reduced burr formation. Additionally, high speed filming performed during the machining revealed a five-stage cycle of burr formation.
High selectivity microstrip bandpass filter using feedback CRLH-TL unit cell (2016)

A new and simple approach to design high selectivity microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) is reported. Based on the signal interference concept, the selectivity of a BPF using composite right/left handed transmission line (CRLH TL) unit cell is significantly improved. Thus, by employing a single coupled line section and CRLH TL unit cell in the feedback, a bandpass filter with high selectivity, multiple transmission zeros (TZs) within the upper stopband and low insertion loss can be realized. The simulation results show that the proposed BPF has a fractional bandwidth of 8% centred at 2.4 GHz with high roll-off rate of 300 dB/GHz.
Lightning location with time reversal of electromagnetic fields technique (2015)

In this paper, a three dimensions (3D) numerical simulation model to analyze time reversal applications in lightning location is presented. In this simulation model, more practical situation is considered, and a square array which consists of four monopole antennas is set. The simulation shows that the time reversed fields will converge on the lightning strike location in phase at proper time step. But when a special situation is considered that the lightning location is beside the sensor array, it is hard to observe the exact time accurately because there will always be a convergence point appearing at every time step. In this paper, it is unnecessary to estimate “the proper time”. What we have to do is to add an array. And then, track the different locating paths of the these arrays to the lightning location. The intersection of these paths is the location point. Considering different situations, it is better to set three arrays to ensure the lightning discharge is located successfully, and make the arrays not on the same line. With the results of this simulation model being presented, the time-reversed technique is shown to be accurate.
PAT2 regulates autophagy through vATPase assembly and lysosomal acidification in brown adipocytes (2020)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a key role in maintaining body temperature as well as glucose and lipid homeostasis by its ability to dissipate energy through mitochondrial uncoupling. To facilitate these tasks BAT needs to adopt its thermogenic activity and substrate utilization to changes in nutrient availability, regulated by a complex network of neuronal, endocrine and nutritional inputs. Amongst this multitude of factors influencing BAT activity changes in the autophagic response of brown adipocytes are an important regulator of its thermogenic capacity and activity. Increasing evidence supports an important role of amino acid transporters in mTORC1 activation and the regulation of autophagy. However, a specific role of amino acid transporters in BAT regulating its function has not been described. Here we show that the brown adipocyte specific proton coupled amino acid transporter PAT2 rapidly translocates from the plasma membrane to the lysosome in response to amino acid withdrawal, where it facilitates the assembly of the lysosomal vATPase. Loss or overexpression of PAT2 therefore impair lysosomal acidification, autophagolysosome formation and starvation induced mTORC1 activation.
Sterically Controlled Cu-Catalyzed or Transition-Metal-Free Cross-Coupling of gem-Difluoroalkenes with Tertiary, Secondary, and Primary Alkyl Grignard Reagents (2016)

A robust copper-catalyzed or transition-metal-free cross-coupling of gem-difluoroalkenes with tertiary, secondary, and primary alkyl Grignard reagents has been developed. Remarkably, the tertiary and secondary alkylation of gem-difluoroalkenes proceeded very smoothly in the presence of 25 mol % of CuCN or under transition-metal-free conditions, affording the tertiary and secondary alkyl-substituted fluoroalkenes in good to excellent yields with excellent Z stereoselectivity.
Chrysanthemum Flower Extract as a Green Inhibitor for Aluminium Corrosion in Alkaline Medium (2018)

The inhibition efficiency of the aqueous extracts of the Chrysanthemum flower as an inhibitor for the Aluminium metal in the alkaline medium was tested using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarisation and AC impedance method. The results obtained showed that the flower extract acts as efficient inhibitor for the system. The inhibition efficiency increases with the increase in the concentration of the inhibitor. Potentiodynamic polarization study reveals that the system controls the cathodic reaction predominantly. The straight line obtained as a result of Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherm physical adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface. The nature of the film formed on the metal surface was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Real-world evaluation of bebtelovimab effectiveness during the period of COVID-19 Omicron variants, including BA.4/BA.5 (2023)

During the Omicron BA.2/BA.2.12.1/BA.4/BA.5 variant phase, bebtelovimab was associated with lower hospitalization.
Large-Solid-Angle Study of Pion Absorption onHe3 (1994)

Measurements have been made of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ absorption on $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ at ${T}_{\ensuremath{\pi}+}=118,162, \mathrm{and} 239$ MeV using the Large Acceptance Detector System. The nearly $4\ensuremath{\pi}$ solid angle coverage of this detector minimizes uncertainties associated with extrapolations over unmeasured regions of phase space. The total absorption cross section is reported. In addition, the total cross section is divided into components in which only two or all three nucleons play a significant role in the process. These are the first direct measurements of the total and three nucleon absorption cross sections.
g-PRIME: A Free, Windows Based Data Acquisition and Event Analysis Software Package for Physiology in Classrooms and Research Labs. (2009)

We present g-PRIME, a software based tool for physiology data acquisition, analysis, and stimulus generation in education and research. This software was developed in an undergraduate neurophysiology course and strongly influenced by instructor and student feedback. g-PRIME is a free, stand-alone, windows application coded and "compiled" in Matlab (does not require a Matlab license). g-PRIME supports many data acquisition interfaces from the PC sound card to expensive high throughput calibrated equipment. The program is designed as a software oscilloscope with standard trigger modes, multi-channel visualization controls, and data logging features. Extensive analysis options allow real time and offline filtering of signals, multi-parameter threshold-and-window based event detection, and two-dimensional display of a variety of parameters including event time, energy density, maximum FFT frequency component, max/min amplitudes, and inter-event rate and intervals. The software also correlates detected events with another simultaneously acquired source (event triggered average) in real time or offline. g-PRIME supports parameter histogram production and a variety of elegant publication quality graphics outputs. A major goal of this software is to merge powerful engineering acquisition and analysis tools with a biological approach to studies of nervous system function.
The changing face of Scotch (1984)

Despite being the most "Scottish" of products, relatively little of the whisky distilled in this country is produced by companies ultimately controlled from within Scotland. What is more, the externally-controlled sector expanded significantly during the 1970s in a manner unseen since the arrival of the North American distilling giants in the immediate post-war years, once again raising the spectre of foreign domination of our (original) national drink. This brief economic perspective considers the change ownership profile of Scottish whisky distilleries and the promise of investment from the Far East.
Selective versus nonselective preparation pulses in two‐dimensional MP‐RAGE imaging of the liver (1992)

The use of a section-selective preparation pulse in two-dimensional (2D) T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) imaging of the liver was investigated. The images were compared with those obtained with a nonselective pulse. The performances of the sequences were evaluated in 11 patients with 12 focal liver lesions, and lesion-liver and lesion-vessel signal difference-to-noise ratios (SD/Ns) were calculated. With the section-selective preparation pulse, small lesions were better differentiated from vessels, and multiple, consecutive images could be obtained at shorter intervals. The mean lesion-liver SD/N was slightly but not significantly greater for images obtained with a selective pulse, while the lesion-vessel SD/N was significantly greater (P less than .01). It is concluded that a section-selective preparation pulse can improve the clinical utility of the 2D MP-RAGE sequence in the evaluation of focal liver disease.
<title>Adaptive Filtering With Correlation Cancellation Loops</title> (1982)

Two optical adaptive filter designs using correlation cancellation loops are described. The experimental results and performance evaluation of a time-domain implementation are presented. They are encouraging, although limited by equipment. A frequency-domain architecture is described, and its projected performance is compared to that of the time-domain implementation.
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles as Particulate Emulsifier: Fabrication of Hydroxyapatite-Coated Biodegradable Microspheres (2009)

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticle-coated micrometer-sized poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) microspheres were fabricated via a "Pickering-type" emulsion route in the absence of any molecular surfactants. Stable oil-in-water emulsions were prepared using 40 nm HAp nanoparticles as a particulate emulsifier and a dichloromethane (CH(2)Cl(2)) solution of PLLA as an oil phase. It was clarified that the interaction between carbonyl/carboxylic acid groups of PLLA and the HAp nanoparticles at the CH(2)Cl(2)-water interface played a crucial role to prepare the stable Pickering-type emulsion. The HAp nanoparticle-coated PLLA microspheres were fabricated by the evaporation of CH(2)Cl(2) from the emulsion and characterized in terms of size, particle size distribution, and morphology using scanning/transmission electron microscopes. Scanning electron microscopy study and ultrathin cross section observation using transmission electron microscopy confirmed adsorption of the HAp nanoparticles only at the surface of the PLLA microspheres. Cell-adhesion experiments suggested the HAp nanoparticles on the surface of the PLLA microspheres promoted the cell adhesion and spreading.
Key distribution based on hierarchical access control for conditional access system in DTV broadcast (2004)

Conditional access system (CAS) is one of the key techniques in digital television (DTV) broadcast, which is used to charge the subscriber for subscribing fee by scrambling the program information. Scrambling algorithm and key distribution are the most important parts for CAS. In this paper, we proposed a new key distribution scheme based on hierarchical access control for conditional access system in digital television broadcast. Our key distribution scheme can greatly reduce the encrypting computation and acquire higher efficiency and security. Moreover, the proposed scheme is more flexible in processing joining and leaving of subscriber, which is very important for service provider to manage the subscriber.
Contextual Vision Transformers for Robust Representation Learning (2023)

We introduce Contextual Vision Transformers (ContextViT), a method designed to generate robust image representations for datasets experiencing shifts in latent factors across various groups. Derived from the concept of in-context learning, ContextViT incorporates an additional context token to encapsulate group-specific information. This integration allows the model to adjust the image representation in accordance with the group-specific context. Specifically, for a given input image, ContextViT maps images with identical group membership into this context token, which is appended to the input image tokens. Additionally, we introduce a context inference network to predict such tokens on-the-fly, given a batch of samples from the group. This enables ContextViT to adapt to new testing distributions during inference time. We demonstrate the efficacy of ContextViT across a wide range of applications. In supervised fine-tuning, we show that augmenting pre-trained ViTs with our proposed context conditioning mechanism results in consistent improvements in out-of-distribution generalization on iWildCam and FMoW. We also investigate self-supervised representation learning with ContextViT. Our experiments on the Camelyon17 pathology imaging benchmark and the JUMP-CP microscopy imaging benchmark demonstrate that ContextViT excels in learning stable image featurizations amidst distribution shift, consistently outperforming its ViT counterpart.
Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (<em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em>) (2021)

Due to similarities in placentation and antibody transfer with humans, rabbits are an excellent model of maternal immunization. Additional advantages of this research model are the ease of breeding and sample collection, relatively short gestation period, and large litter sizes. Commonly assessed routes of immunization include subcutaneous, intramuscular, intranasal, and intradermal. Nonterminal sample collection for the chronological detection of the immunologic responses to these immunizations include the collection of blood, from both dams and kits, and milk from the lactating does. In this article, we will demonstrate techniques our lab has utilized in studies of maternal immunization in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), including intranasal immunization and milk collection.
Proteolytic Enzymes in Tumor Metastasis. I. Plasminogen Activator in Clones of Lewis Lung Carcinoma and T10 Sarcoma<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1985)

Plasminogen activator (PA; urokinase) levels were studied in metastatic and nonmetastatic clones of the Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) and of the T10 sarcoma. Tests of clones grown in vitro revealed that the cell content and secretion of PA correlated positively with the metastatic capacity of the clones of both tumors. When cell-associated activities were examined in cloned cell populations grown subcutaneously in vivo, the apparent activities in the solid tumors produced by low-metastatic clones were equal to or even higher than those in solid tumors produced by high-metastatic clones. This finding was attributed to the observation that solid tumors produced by low-metastatic clones, but not those produced by high-metastatic clones, were highly infiltrated with macrophages. Subsequent tests indicated that the ip inoculation of X-irradiated or mitomycin-treated tumor cells of low-metastatic clones elicited a significantly greater peritoneal infiltration of macrophages than did tumor cells of high-metastatic clones. Such "tumor-associated" macrophages manifested high levels of PA, whereas resident (nonactivated) peritoneal macrophages did not. These findings suggest that although PA may cause the initial detachment from the local tumor of both nonmetastatic (via the macrophage PA) and metastatic cells (via their own PA), the PA secreted by the metastatic cells may enable them to complete subsequent stages of the metastatic process that may be PA-dependent.
Diamond Synthesis from Graphite in the Presence of Water and SiO2: Implications for Diamond Formation in Quartzites from Kazakhstan (2007)

Abstract Recent studies of microdiamonds from orogenic belts related to continental collisions induced experimentalists to explore new crystallization media possible for diamond synthesis. This has led to considerable progress in diamond-synthesis experiments under high pressures and high temperatures. Diamond was found to grow in a wide variety of systems, which drastically differ from the metal-solvent-catalyst media that have been known since the 1950s in industrial diamond syntheses. The newer systems include a variety of melts consisting of silicate, carbonate, sulfur-carbon, as well as carbon-oxygen-hydrogen (C-O-H) supercritical fluid systems in the presence of different oxides. Our experimental program has focused on systems compositionally approximating natural sites of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks, where abundant microdiamonds occur. Yet to be explored are SiO2-rich systems that constitute an important diamond-bearing lithology in the world-famous Kokchetav ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (UHPM) terrane. The purpose of this study is to determine what effect the presence of SiO2 has on the synthesis of diamond from C-O-H supercritical fluid. Experiments performed in a Walker-style multianvil apparatus at T = 1450-1500°C and P = 8-8.5 GPa on the Si-C-O-H system at different levels of oxygen fugacity (fO2) have led us to the conclusion that diamond crystallization requires more reduced media than its counterpart synthesized in Mg-C-O-H and Ca-Mg-C-O-H systems at similar pressures, temperatures, and times.
Parallel Gaussian White Noise Generator Based on Cellular Automaton Theory and Box Muller Algorithm (2014)

In order to simulate the wireless channel models, Gaussian white noise is needed to be generated. This paper proposes a parallel operation method based on cellular automation theory to obtain large pseudorandom numbers in high frequency. Furthermore, according to the Box Muller algorithm, the uniform distribution numbers are transformed to desired Gaussian white noise through curve matching function. During FPGA implementation, the high speed and real time noise generation is realized by combining the two methods.
What makes daylighting effective (1982)

Using daylight to enhance building energy efficiency was abandoned after the development of electric lights, but it is now considered a major part of architectural design. These guidelines for daylighting are aimed at reducing energy use and lowering peak demand, encouraging productivity, and enhancing the environment. Window lighting can now be finely controlled to increase energy savings so that both natural and artificial light are used to the best advantage. Architects need the technical information which models, such as QUICKLITE, SUPERLITE, and THERM can provide on window performance before deciding how to balance sunlight and electric lighting in the building plans. 1 figure. (DCK
An Unusual Form of Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets in a Child: Alopecia and Marked End-Organ Hyposensitivity to Biologically Active Vitamin D (1980)

A 12-yr-old female patient with an unusual form of vitamin D dependency and alopecia is described. She was a product of consanguineous mating and developed signs and symptoms suggesting vitamin D dependency early in life. Neither 150 microgram/day (6 microgram/kg.day) 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 nor 5 microgram/day (0.2 microgram/kg.day) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 proved to have an effect on her abnormal serum chemistry. Seven million international units per day (about 2 x 10(5) IU/kg.day) of native vitamin D restored her serum chemistry to normal and brought about marked improvement on skeletal radiographs, when her serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 24,25-di-hydroxyvitamin D were 4250, 4.8, and 35 ng/ml, respectively. Even with the high serum levels of vitamin D metabolites, her intestinal 47Ca absorption rate remained in the lower normal range and urinary calcium excretion was decidedly low. Association of hypoparathyroidism was ruled out. These results suggest that the patient has extreme and-organ (intestine) hyposensitivity, probably of congenital origin, to the biologically active metabolites of vitamin D.