gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitric Oxide Is an Autocrine Regulator of Na+Currents in Axotomized C-Type DRG Neurons (2000)

In this study, we examined whether nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is upregulated in small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons after axotomy and, if so, whether the upregulation of NOS modulates Na(+) currents in these cells. We identified axotomized C-type DRG neurons using a fluorescent label, hydroxystilbamine methanesulfonate and found that sciatic nerve transection upregulates NOS activity in 60% of these neurons. Fast-inactivating tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) Na(+) ("fast") current and slowly inactivating tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na(+) ("slow") current were present in control noninjured neurons with current densities of 1.08 +/- 0. 09 nA/pF and 1.03 +/- 0.10 nA/pF, respectively (means +/- SE). In some control neurons, a persistent TTX-R Na(+) current was observed with current amplitude as much as approximately 50% of the TTX-S Na(+) current amplitude and 100% of the TTX-R Na(+) current amplitude. Seven to 10 days after axotomy, current density of the fast and slow Na(+) currents was reduced to 0.58 +/- 0.05 nA/pF (P < 0.01) and 0.2 +/- 0.05 nA/pF (P < 0.001), respectively. Persistent TTX-R Na(+) current was not observed in axotomized neurons. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by the upregulation of NOS can block Na(+) currents. To examine the role of NOS upregulation on the reduction of the three types of Na(+) currents in axotomized neurons, axotomized DRG neurons were incubated with 1 mM N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NOS inhibitor. The current density of fast and slow Na(+) channels in these neurons increased to 0.82 +/- 0.08 nA/pF (P < 0.01) and 0.34 +/- 0.04 nA/pF (P < 0.05), respectively. However, we did not observe any persistent TTX-R current in axotomized neurons incubated with L-NAME. These results demonstrate that endogenous NO/NO-related species block both fast and slow Na(+) current in DRG neurons and suggest that NO functions as an autocrine regulator of Na(+) currents in injured DRG neurons.
Aspect ratio of nano/microstructures determines Staphylococcus aureus adhesion on PET and titanium surfaces (2021)

The study highlights the immense potential of applying specific structures to implant materials to prevent implant colonization with pathogen bacteria.
Large‐Area, Freestanding MOF Films of Planar, Curvilinear, or Micropatterned Topographies (2016)

Freestanding MOF films up to six-inches across and replicating various surface (micro)patterns are prepared via a templated growth method. When grown on copper supports, these films have preferred orientation of the constituent crystallites, translating into markedly different wetting properties of the film's two surfaces (water-pinning vs. water repellant). In addition, the films exhibit differential sorption of various organic solvents, can recover oil spills from seawater, and can also act as active layers of chemical sensors.
Rapid Detection of Complementary-and Mismatched DNA Sequences Using Fluorescence Polarization (1996)

Abstract The effect of base-pair mismatches on DNA hybridization was investigated by fluorescence polarization to evaluate the specificity of the DNA hybridization technique. A fluorescein-labeled 24-mer DNA probe was used to monitor the course of hybridization, from which the rate of DNA hybridization was obtained. The specificity of the method was considered by comparing the hybridization rate of the fluorescein-labeled probe with complementary oligomers comprising a number of base pair mismatches. In either 0.8 M NaCl or 0.2 M MgCl2, rapid in vitro determination of target DNA was possible within 10 minutes if the sample DNA had 3 or less base-pair mismatches. It was shown that this method would be applicable for rapid and specific DNA determination, even in the presence of mismatches. Key Words: DNA hybridizationbase-pair mismatchfluorescence polarization
<title>Stereopsis For Robots By Iterative Stereo Image Matching</title> (1984)

A system of three dimensional vision and space perception for industrial robots is described. The system is based on binocular or two camera stereopsis and is derived from earlier successful systems used in the automation of map compilation from overlapping aerial photographs. It is suitable for the identification and inspection of irregularly shaped objects and for motion control as in orientation, shaping, fabrication and assembly operations and for the guidance of automated vehicles in active areas.
Deep Lamellar Keratoplasty (2002)

Maximum depth anterior LKP has some important advantages when compared with other types of anterior lamellar keratoplasty or penetrating keratoplasty, but it remains a challenging procedure. A new technique considerably facilitates this operation and reduces intraoperative complications.
Coronary Vasospasm as a Possible Cause of Myocardial Infarction (1978)

To investigate the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction we undertook a systematic study of patients with angina at rest, a syndrome known to evolve frequently into infarction. Among 187 consecutive patients, 37 had infarction, all in the area that showed electrocardiographic changes during angina. In all 76 patients who underwent hemodynamic monitoring, 201thallium myocardial scintigraphy or angiography during angina, a vasospastic origin of the attacks was documented. In six patients with infarction shortly after these studies and in two in whom the infarction developed during hemodynamic monitoring or during angiography the onset of infarction was indistinguishable from the onset of anginal attacks. One patient in whom spasm was observed at the onset of infarction died six hours later; at post-mortem examination, a fresh laminar thrombus was found at the site of the spasm. After infarction, complete thrombotic occlusion of the branch shown to undergo vasospasm was documented in two patients by angiography.
Active control of under-actuated foot tilting for humanoid push recovery (2015)

We propose a novel control framework to demonstrate a unique foot tilting maneuver based on ankle torque control for humanoid balance recovery. The framework consists of the variable impedance regulation at the center of mass of the robot based on the ankle torque control, the virtual stoppers to prevent over tilting of the feet, and the body attitude control. The scope of our paper focuses on the sagittal scenario as the first proof of concept on the balance recovery by means of active foot tilting without losing stability. Our study demonstrates the success of the control implementation for the humanoid push recovery and the feasibility of having actively controlled foot tilting. The experimental data are presented and analyzed.
Effects of Tamoxifen vs Raloxifene on the Risk of Developing Invasive Breast Cancer and Other Disease Outcomes<SUBTITLE>The NSABP Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 Trial</SUBTITLE> (2006)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00003906.
Speaker change detection and speaker clustering using VQ distortion for broadcast news speech recognition (2002)

Addresses the problem of the detection of speaker changes and clustering speakers when no information is available regarding speaker classes or even the total number of classes. We assume that no previous information on speakers is available (no speaker model, no training phase) and that people do not speak simultaneously. The aim is to apply speaker grouping information to speaker adaptation for speech recognition. We use vector quantization (VQ) distortion as the criterion. A speaker model is created from successive utterances as a codebook by a VQ algorithm, and the VQ distortion is calculated between the model and an utterance. A result was obtained by the experiment on speaker detection and speaker clustering. The speaker change detection experiment was compared with results by generalized likelihood ratio and Bayesian information criterion. We show the superiority of our proposed method.
On quantum and classical computing with arrays of superconducting persistent current qubits (2002)

A superconducting qubit (or quantum bit), which consists of a micrometer-sized loop with three or four Josephson junctions, has two persistent currents of opposite direction as its two states. The states of the qubits, manipulated with magnetic fields and measured with a SQUID, can be brought into quantum coherence to perform quantum computing. Classical bits can also be obtained from these superconducting loops by increasing its critical current, making it possible to base a processor array architecture on these cubits (quantum bits used in a classical way). Such a classical computer might also serve as pre and post processor for the quantum computing performed in the heart of the array. Because classical and quantum computing based on the same device can be studied now simultaneously, architecture of arrays of qubits and cubits seems a good vehicle for studying the quantum computer paradigm, independently from the question whether superconducting loops will be the ultimate implementation vehicle. Other (e.g. spin-based) devices may be more successful. In this paper, the architectural issues of a heterogeneous quantum/classical computer for an implementation of Shor's factoring algorithm based on arrays of qubits and cubits, are presented.
Analysis of multi-modal spatial visualization workshop intervention across gender, nationality, and other engineering student demographics (2016)

Spatial visualization (SV) skills are both learnable and linked to student success in engineering. Our work was motivated by previous research revealing a gender gap in SV skills that favors male engineering students. A multi-modal SV workshop intervention was incorporated into a first-year engineering projects course with the goal of fostering SV skills for all students. An analysis of SV skills, as measured by the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test (PSVT), preceding and following workshop participation is presented. SV workshop results were studied for five undergraduate engineering student demographic subsets: 1) gender, 2) first-generation status, 3) nationality, 4) socioeconomic status, and 5) underrepresented minority status. Both female and international students were found to arrive at engineering college with less-developed SV skills. Since both populations are rapidly growing in the nation's engineering colleges, closing the SV performance gap is compelling. The multi-modal SV workshop provided substantial support to all students, with a median 23% performance gain. And, workshop attendees improved their PSVT passing rate (achieving a 20-point threshold) from 0% to 92%. Results demonstrate that this replicable multi-modal SV workshop can close SV skills performance gaps among all engineering students.
Analysis of power flow control strategies in heterogeneous battery energy storage systems (2020)

This paper provides a method for the systematic analysis of several power flow control strategies (PFCS) in a heterogeneous multiple battery energy storage system (BESS). Due to the difficulty of comparing different PFCS in different scenarios and system configurations, in total five static and dynamic PFCS are investigated in two distinct application-oriented scenarios and are assessed by two target indicators, namely performance and efficiency. A simulation model based on a heterogeneous multiple BESS with a hierarchical control scheme is set up, the components of the model are validated and a real test bench verifies the functionality of the PFCS. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink are carried out to analyze the performance and the efficiency of the applied PFCS in an energy- and a load-related application scenario. This approach allows a systematic comparison of PFCS in consideration of varying system parameters and different scenarios. The results suggest that depending on the objective to be achieved and the applied application scenario, the choice of the right PFCS is crucial. Thus, this paper provides a workflow to analyze the selection of proper PFCS. Furthermore, heterogeneity plays a decisive role in analyzing different PFCS, since operating limits of the BESS become more significant.
Two-look method for roll correction of aircraft-borne interferometric SAR data (1997)

The paper describes a data driven technique for roll compensation of interferometric SAR data gathered in a single pass from an aircraft-borne dual antenna system. The data are processed as two independent azimuth looks, and an interferogram generated from each look. The aircraft roll-history is inferred from the differential phase between the two looks. The method is applied to real data from the DRA C-Band interferometer, and the estimated roll curves are compared with output from an on-board INU. The roll is estimated for two cases-one in which the aircraft was intentionally performing a 5° roll manoeuvre, and another with the aircraft in normal flight. The estimated roll curves are used to correct the interferograms generated from each pass and compared with the uncompensated interferograms. (6 pages)
Overall survival results of a trial assessing patient-reported outcomes for symptom monitoring during routine cancer treatment (2022)

Symptoms are common among patients receiving treatment for advanced cancers, yet are undetected by clinicians up to half the time. There is growing interest in integrating electronic patient-reported outcomes (PROs) into routine oncology practice for symptom monitoring, but evidence demonstrating clinical benefit has been limited.
RAFgene fusion breakpoints in pediatric brain tumors are characterized by significant enrichment of sequence microhomology (2011)

Gene fusions involving members of the RAF family of protein kinases have recently been identified as characteristic aberrations of low-grade astrocytomas, the most common tumors of the central nervous system in children. While it has been shown that these fusions cause constitutive activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway, very little is known about their formation. Here, we present a detailed analysis of RAF gene fusion breakpoints from a well-characterized cohort of 43 low-grade astrocytomas. Our findings show that the rearrangements that generate these RAF gene fusions may be simple or complex and that both inserted nucleotides and microhomology are common at the DNA breakpoints. Furthermore, we identify novel enrichment of microhomologous sequences in the regions immediately flanking the breakpoints. We thus provide evidence that the tandem duplications responsible for these fusions are generated by microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (MMBIR). Although MMBIR has previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of other diseases and the evolution of eukaryotic genomes, we demonstrate here that the proposed details of MMBIR are consistent with a recurrent rearrangement in cancer. Our analysis of repetitive elements, Z-DNA and sequence motifs in the fusion partners identified significant enrichment of the human minisatellite conserved sequence/χ-like element at one side of the breakpoint. Therefore, in addition to furthering our understanding of low-grade astrocytomas, this study provides insights into the molecular mechanistic details of MMBIR and the sequence of events that occur in the formation of genomic rearrangements.
Interactions of Nonaqueous Solvents with Textile Fibers (1972)

In order to provide a rational basis upon which future developments in nonaqueous finishing and other processing of textile materials may be based, a basic study is being undertaken of the interactions between textile fibers and a wide spectrum of organic solvents. In this paper are reported the effects on mechanical properties of a polyester yam of 26 organic solvents differing widely in chemical and physical characteristics. The yams were conditioned in each solvent for 16 hr at 21°C and their load-extension behavior determined in the solvent. While many solvents were found to have only minor effects on the mechanical properties, several solvents caused major changes in the shape of the load- extension curve of the polyester yam. The active solvents caused a decrease in the initial modulus, a decrease in the yield stress, and an increase in extensibility. In several cases a significant plastic flow region could be noted. Dioxane, acetone, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethane, methylene chloride, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, acetonitrile, and di methylformamide (DMF) were among the most active solvents. These solvents also caused a major irreversible longi tudinal shrinkage of the yarn, and the mechanical properties of the yarn were only partially recovered after removal of the solvent and reconditioning to a standard condition. The interactions between the solvents and the polyester yarn, as estimated by the decrease in the yarn elastic modulus, were correlated with the solubility parameter δ of the solvents. It was observed that maximum interactions take place with solvents whose solubility parameter approaches that of polyethylene terephthalate δ=10.7. There is some indica tion that these strongly interacting solvents fall into two groups: one with δ values ranging from 9 to 10, the other with δ values ranging from 11.5 to 13. It is suggested that these ranges may reflect specific solvent interactions with the aro matic and aliphatic segments of the polyester molecules.
Systolic filter for fast DNA similarity search (2002)

This paper presents a systolic filter for speeding up the scan of DNA databases. The filter acts as a co-processor which performs the more intensive computations occurring during the process. Our validation, based on a FPGA prototype board tightly connected to a workstation, has shown that the filter may boost the performance of the machine by a factor ranging from 50 to 400 over current workstations.
ACTIVE MATERIAL REDISTRIBUTION RATES IN ZINC ELECTRODES: EFFECT OF ALKALINE ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITIONS HAVING REDUCED ZINC OXIDE SOLUBILITY (1983)

A series of electrolytes with low hydroxide concentration (approx. 3.5M OH/sup -/) have been tested in 1.35 Ah tri-electrode Zn/NiOOH cells for their ability to reduce zinc redistribution rates. Three electrolytes were evaluated: a 3.5M OH/sup -/ electrolyte, a 3.5M OH/sup -/ to 3.4M F/sup -/ electrolyte, and a hydroxide-borate electrolyte. The electrolytes were chosen to have a ZnO solubility approximately 25% of that in the standard 30% KOH-1% LiOH electrolyte (7.4 M OH/sup -/). A 6-hour charge rate and a 2.5-hour discharge rate were employed for the Teflon-bonded, zinc oxide electrodes, to which 2% PbO was added to reduce hydrogen evolution. The zinc redistribution rates were found to be lower for the electrolytes with reduced ZnO solubility. In addition, no zinc penetration of the separator occurred for some of the electrolytes, even with overpotentials of 100 to 290 mV. After 125 cycles, none of the cell capacities were limited by the zinc electrode during discharge, less than 2% inactive zinc was found in the zinc electrodes cycled in the hydroxide-fluoride and borate electrolytes.
Using variability descriptors to describe customizable SaaS application templates (2008)

Customizable applications play an important role in software as a service (SaaS) scenarios. SaaS application providers want to exploit economies of scale by offering the same basic application to many customers. As customers have different requirements for the same type of application, SaaS vendors must offer so-called application templates that can be customized by their customers to be tailored exactly to their needs. Therefore variability points (i.e., points in an application template that can be customized) need to be made explicit and constraints for these variability points need to be specified. We introduce variability descriptors as a means to describe variability points for SaaS application templates independent of the artifacts (such as GUI components, workflows, configuration files, etc.) that make up the application.
Bacterial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Methylene Blue and Red Light Is Enhanced by Synergistic Effect of Potassium Iodide (2015)

The inexorable increase of antibiotic resistance occurring in different bacterial species is increasing the interest in developing new antimicrobial treatments that will be equally effective against multidrug-resistant strains and will not themselves induce resistance. One of these alternatives may be photodynamic inactivation (PDI), which uses a combination of nontoxic dyes, called photosensitizers (PS), excited by harmless visible light to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) by type 1 (radical) and type 2 (singlet oxygen) pathways. In this study, we asked whether it was possible to improve the efficacy of PDI in vitro and in vivo by addition of the inert salt potassium iodide (KI) to a commonly investigated PS, the phenothiazinium dye methylene blue (MB). By adding KI, we observed a consistent increase of red light-mediated bacterial killing of Gram-positive and Gram-negative species in vitro and in vivo. In vivo, we also observed less bacterial recurrence in wounds in the days posttreatment. The mechanism of action is probably due to formation of reactive iodine species that are produced quickly with a short lifetime. This finding may have a relevant clinical impact by reducing the risk of amputation and, in some cases, the risk of death, leading to improvement in the care of patients affected by localized infections.
The use of tunnel concentration profile data to determine the ratio of NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; directly emitted from vehicles (2005)

Abstract. Recently, it is reported that primary vehicular NO2/NOx ratio to be 10–30% and primary vehicular NO2 has raised much interest and concern in the control of NO2 in urban areas. In this study, primary vehicular NO2/NOx ratio in Hong Kong was investigated based on intensive long tunnel (3.7–4 km in length) experiments where concentration profiles of air pollutants along the entire lengths of the tunnels were obtained. Long tunnels were selected because of the inherent low O3 concentrations in the partially enclosed environment. In addition the concentrations of pollutants from vehicles are high. Thus, the NO2 measured inside long tunnels would be more representative of the primary NO2 emitted by vehicles and contribution due to atmospheric transformation would be limited. This dataset was supported by a long-term on-road air quality dataset (June 2002–August 2003). Both datasets were obtained using the Mobile Real-time Air Monitoring Platform (MAP). The primary on-road vehicular NO2/NOx ratio was less than 2%, detected in the mid sections of tunnels investigated, where O3 concentration was at a minimum. In sections of the tunnels (entrance and exit) where O3 concentrations were relatively high, the NO2/NOx ratio could be as high as 19%. Long-term (annual average) on-road air quality data in open air yielded NO2/NOx ratios up to 28%. Thus, it is apparent that directly emitted NO2 from vehicles is not significant in atmospheric NO2 concentration. A simple model was used to segregate the contribution of background NO2 and transformed NO2 measured in vehicle plumes.
Video magnification in presence of large motions (2015)

Video magnification reveals subtle variations that would be otherwise invisible to the naked eye. Current techniques require all motion in the video to be very small, which is unfortunately not always the case. Tiny yet meaningful motions are often combined with larger motions, such as the small vibrations of a gate as it rotates, or the microsaccades in a moving eye. We present a layer-based video magnification approach that can amplify small motions within large ones. An examined region/layer is temporally aligned and subtle variations are magnified. Matting is used to magnify only region of interest while maintaining integrity of nearby sites. Results show handling larger motions, larger amplification factors and significant reduction in artifacts over state of the art.