gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non contact probing of interfacial stiffnesses between two plates by zero-group velocity Lamb modes (2014)

A non contact technique using zero-group velocity (ZGV) Lamb modes is developed to probe the bonding between two solid plates coupled by a thin layer. The layer thickness is assumed to be negligible compared with the plate thickness and the acoustic wavelength. The coupling layer is modeled by a normal and a tangential spring to take into account the normal and shear interfacial stresses. Theoretical ZGV frequencies are determined for a symmetrical bi-layer structure and the effect of the interfacial stiffnesses on the cut-off and ZGV frequencies are evaluated. Experiments are conducted with two glass plates bonded by a drop of water, oil, or salol, leading to a few micrometer thick layer. An evaluation of normal and shear stiffnesses is obtained using ZGV resonances locally excited and detected with laser ultrasonic techniques.
Rapid Adaptive Optical Recovery of Diffraction-Limited Resolution Over Large Multicellular Volumes (2015)

The heterogeneity of biological tissue essential to life induces aberrations that wreaks havoc on image quality. I will describe our work with adaptive optical microscopy to recover optimal performance under such challenging conditions.
Portable Autonomous Window Cleaning Robot (2018)

The idea of having a compact and autonomous office or house window cleaning robot is quite simple and very attractive. This small window climbing robot with pneumatic suction cups should be able to move autonomously along an outside surface of high-rise building office window with a relatively large area and meantime clean and wash it. Being manually attached to the outside surface of the room window the robot will execute and accomplish the task of window cleaning automatically in a predefined pattern. The sensory system will help to navigate the robot. It is noted that window cleaning robots are commercially available but pricey (in the range of USD 5000 or more). The designed robot is lightweight, small size and cheap because it is driven only by one rotary actuator and system of properly arranged conventional belts and pulleys. It uses the suction cups to stick to the window pane and set of optical sensors to detect the window frame. The microcontroller is programmed to move the robot in a specific pattern depending on the sensory data. There are no similar reasonably priced rival products available in the market yet.
Block Copolymer-Directed Assembly of Nanoparticles:  Forming Mesoscopically Ordered Hybrid Materials (2002)

Mixtures of diblock copolymers and nanoscopic spherical particles can yield well-ordered hybrid materials, which can be used for separation processes, catalysis, and optoelectronic applications. Predicting the morphologies of these systems is difficult because the final structures depend not only on the characteristics of the copolymer but also on the features of the particles. Combining self-consistent field and density functional theories, we develop a model that allows us to determine the equilibrium or metastable phases of diblock copolymer/spherical nanoparticle composites, without making a priori assumptions about the structure of the system. Using this model, we illustrate various examples where mixtures of diblocks and nanoparticles self-assemble into mesoscopically ordered phases. The model can be generalized to other types of copolymers and particles and can be modified to include homopolymers or solvent molecules. Thus, the technique constitutes a useful tool for determining the structures of a large class of nanocomposites.
Processing influences of resin-based insulation materials for wireless power transfer applications (2020)

Due to the electrification of the whole mobility sector, the demand for new insulation materials and processes is constantly increasing. Beside the electric traction drives, new technologies such as inductive charging are becoming more and more important in electric vehicles. Especially for wireless power transfer, high-frequency litz wires are used to generate the required electromagnetic field. While semi-finished products and insulation systems are continuously developing, insulation processes like potting remain unchanged. The consequence is an inappropriate insulation of the coil structure resulting in increasing eddy current losses or breakdowns of the inductance. Additionally, high mechanical and thermal loads, occurring in a typical operation environment for electric vehicles, result in accelerated aging of the insulation material. This increases the challenges in the design and manufacturing of insulation systems for inductive power transfer devices. The aim of this work is to identify and evaluate all relevant process parameters for potting high-frequency litz wires with varying primary insulation systems. To ensure the required mechanical and electrical properties, a high degree of impregnation of the litz wires is targeted.
Extracciónautomáticadetrazasdedeslizamientosutilizandounmodelo digitaldeterrenoeimágenesdesatélitedealtaresoluciónIKONOS. EjemploenlaSierraNortedePuebla,México (2007)

Los procesos de remoción en masa ocurridos en octubre de 1999 en la Sierra Norte de Puebla, se estudiaron en la región de La Soledad, utilizando imágenes IKONOS de alta resolución y Modelos Digitales de Terreno (MDT). Se desarrolló un algoritmo específico que permitió establecer un modelo de extracción automática de las trazas de los movimientos de terreno. Un estudio estadístico mostró que tres parámetros fueron suficientes para extraer dichas trazas: dos índices de reflectancia extraídos de las imágenes de satélite [índice de vegetación normalizado (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI), e índice de brillantez del suelo (Soil Brightness Index, SBI)] y el valor de la pendiente calculada del MDT. Así se redujo a un modelo M (SBI, NDVI, Pendiente). Para caracterizar las formas extraídas que representaron el 75% de los deslizamientos censados en el terreno, se definieron parámetros morfológicos y para calcular su dirección de movimiento se desarrolló un algoritmo. Se observó que existe una relación estrecha entre la dirección E de la mayoría de los procesos de ladera y una de las dos direcciones privilegiadas de las pendientes del MDT de la región en estudio; se supone que esta relación no fue aleatoria y que pudo depender de la exposición de las laderas frente a la llegada de las lluvias torrenciales de 1999. La metodología propuesta en este artículo es una herramienta poderosa para extraer y caracterizar los procesos de remoción en masa a partir de las imágenes de satélite de alta resolución y de los MDT.
Unveiling the role of ancillary ligands in acceptorless benzyl alcohol dehydrogenation and etherification mediated by mesoionic carbene iridium complexes (2017)

We synthesized a set of triazolylidene iridium(iii) complexes [IrCp*(C^N)L]<sup>n+</sup> (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, C^N = C,N-bidentate coordinating pyridyl-triazolylidene) containing different neutral or anionic ancillary ligands L and evaluated their impact on the catalytic activity in alcohol conversion. We demonstrate that these ancillary ligands have a strong influence on the catalytic selectivity and direct whether the iridium center preferentially catalyzes either the dehydrogenation or the dehydration of benzyl alcohol. Ligand exchange experiments provide a direct correlation of ligand lability with catalytic activity and selectivity. These results underline the relevance of ancillary ligands and provide a rational approach to tailor the catalytic activity of the iridium center towards aldehyde formation (loss of H<sub>2</sub>) or etherification (elimination of H<sub>2</sub>O).
Src Kinase Activity Is Essential for Osteoclast Function (2004)

Deletion of the c-src gene impairs osteoclast bone resorbing activity, causing osteopetrosis. Although it has been concluded that restoring only the Src adaptor function at least partly rescues the cell attachment and skeletal phenotypes, the contribution of Src kinase activity remains controversial. Src forms a complex with Pyk2 and Cbl after adhesion-induced stimulation of alpha(V)beta(3) integrin. To demonstrate the importance of the Pyk2-Src association in osteoclasts and to distinguish the contributions of the Src adaptor and kinase activities in cytoskeletal organization and osteoclast function, we expressed mutants of Src and Pyk2 in osteoclasts using adenovirus vectors. Eliminating the Src-binding site on Pyk2 (Pyk2(Y402F)) markedly inhibited bone resorption by osteoclast-like cells, whereas kinase-dead Pyk2 had little effect. Kinase-dead Src, unlike kinase-dead Pyk2, markedly inhibited the bone-resorbing activity of wild type osteoclasts and failed to significantly restore bone-resorbing activity to Src(-/-) osteoclast-like cells. Activation of Src kinase by overexpressing kinase-dead Csk failed to reverse the inhibitory effect of Pyk2(Y402F), suggesting that osteoclastic bone resorption requires both c-Src kinase activity and the targeting of Src kinase by Pyk2. Src-catalyzed phosphorylation of Cbl on Tyr-731 is reported to induce the activation and recruitment of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to the cell membrane in a signaling pathway that is critical for osteoclast function. Expressing the Cbl(Y731F) mutant in osteoclasts markedly reduced their bone resorbing activity, suggesting that phosphorylation of Cbl(Y731) and the subsequent recruitment and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase may be critical signaling events downstream of Src in osteoclasts.
Infrared spectroscopy study of initial stages of oxidation of hydrogen-terminated Si surfaces stored in air (1994)

We have studied the initial stages of oxidation of the hydrogen-terminated Si(111) and (100) surfaces stored in air, using infrared spectroscopy in the multiple internal reflection geometry. We investigate the effect of surface roughness and humidity of air on the oxidation of the hydrogen-terminated Si surfaces. We suggest that surface roughness on a microscopic scale does not significantly affect the oxidation of the hydrogen-terminated Si surface and the oxidation occurs on the entire surface. It is demonstrated that water is predominantly involved in the oxidation of the surface Si—H bond, and that the surface Si—H bond is quite inert to the oxygen molecule.
Smoking and the risk of tuberculosis treatment failure (2015)

Graham Cope explains why smokers are at greater risk of pulmonary infection, including tuberculosis (TB), and how when they are infected smokers tend to have poorer treatment outcomes
Effect of magnetic field strength on the alignment of α′′-Fe16N2 nanoparticle films (2016)

Aligning the magnetic orientation is one strategy to improve the magnetic performance of magnetic materials. In this study, well-dispersed single-domain core-shell α''-Fe16N2/Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were aligned by vertically applying magnetic fields with various strengths to a Si wafer substrate followed by fixation with resin. X-ray diffraction indicated that the alignment of the easy c-axis of the α''-Fe16N2 crystal and the magnetic orientation of the NPs depended upon the applied magnetic field. Magnetic analysis demonstrated that increasing the magnetic field strength resulted in hysteresis loops approaching a rectangular form, implying a higher magnetic coercivity, remanence, and maximum energy product. The same tendency was also observed when a horizontal magnetic field was applied. The fixation of the easy c-axis alignment of each nanoparticle caused by Brownian rotation under the magnetic field, instead of Néel rotation, was the reason for the enhancement in the magnetic performance. These results on the alignment of the magnetic orientation of α''-Fe16N2 NPs suggest the practical application of high-performance permanent bulk magnets from well-dispersed single-domain α''-Fe16N2/Al2O3 NPs.
ANAEROBIC GROWTH OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM (1964)

Gunner, H. B. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and M. Alexander. Anaerobic growth of Fusarium oxysporum. J. Bacteriol. 87:1309-1316. 1964.-Fusarium oxysporum, an alleged obligate aerobe, was found to be capable of growth in the absence of molecular oxygen, provided the medium contained yeast extract, MnO(2), nitrate, selenite, or ferric ions. The active substance in yeast extract was not identified. The fungus possessed hydrogenase, and was capable of utilizing H(2). Under anaerobic conditions, the fungus effected the reduction of nitrate, ceric, ferric, selenite, and tellurite ions, as well as the reduction of several inorganic sulfur compounds and indicators having positive oxidation-reduction potentials. The products of anaerobic nitrate-dependent growth were ethanol, CO(2), acetic acid, and ammonia. Possible explanations for the apparent inability of obligate aerobes to grow in the absence of O(2) are discussed.
Go Green: The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Biliverdin Reductase (2012)

Biliverdin (BV) has emerged as a cytoprotective and important anti-inflammatory molecule. Conversion of BV to bilirubin (BR) is catalyzed by biliverdin reductase (BVR) and is required for the downstream signaling and nuclear localization of BVR. Recent data by others and us make clear that BVR is a critical regulator of innate immune responses resulting from acute insult and injury and moreover, that a lack of BVR results in an enhanced proinflammatory phenotype. In macrophages, BVR is regulated by its substrate BV which leads to activation of the PI3K-Akt-IL-10 axis and inhibition of TLR4 expression via direct binding of BVR to the TLR4 promoter. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on the role of BVR and the bile pigments in inflammation in context with its activity as an enzyme, receptor, and transcriptional regulator.
Native-oxidized InAlAs blocking layer buried heterostructure InGaAsP-InP MQW laser for high-temperature operation (1999)

A novel idea of InAlAs native oxide utilized to replace the p-n-p-n thyristor blocking layer and improve the high-temperature performance of the buried heterostructure first proposed and demonstrated. A temperature (To) of 50 K is achieved from an InAlAs native oxide buried heterostructure (NOBH) InGaAsP-InP multiquantum-well laser with 1.5-μm-wide diode leakage passage path. The threshold current and slope efficiency of NOBH laser changes from 5.6 mA, 0.23 mW/mA to 28 mA, 0.11 mW/mA with the operating temperature changing from 20/spl deg/C to 100/spl deg/C. It is comparable to conventional p-n reverse biased junction BH laser with minimized diode leakage current, and is much better than the buried ridge strip with proton implanted laterally confinement laser.
Surgical intervention criteria for thoracic aortic aneurysms: a study of growth rates and complications (1999)

If the median size at time of dissection or rupture had been used as the indication for intervention, half the patients would have suffered a devastating complication before surgery. Accordingly, a criterion lower than the median is appropriate. We recommend 5.5 cm as an acceptable size for elective resection of ascending aortic aneurysms because this operation can be performed with relatively low mortality. For aneurysms of the descending aorta, where perioperative complications are greater and the median size at the time of complication is larger, we recommend intervention at 6.5 cm.
The Genetics of Atopy and Airway Hyperresponsiveness (2000)

According to the available literature, there is a clear suggestion that atopy and airway hyperresponsiveness are genetically determined. Current knowledge suggests that many genes are involved in the clinical expression of these clinical entities. However, it must be established whether the genes for these two traits are acting completely independently of each other. Atopy by itself can be defined in several ways ( see below ) and atopy can express itself in different organs (e.g., skin, nose, and airways). Hence, it is questionable whether there exists one gene for atopy or whether there exist many genes that may interact, resulting in different disease expressions. Twin studies have suggested that part of the genetic background for hay fever and asthma is similar (1, 2). Asthma and rhinitis coexist frequently, suggesting a common heritable origin. There are, however, also some arguments to suggest that some genes may be responsible for asthma, and others for atopy. A study in a London population showed that only 23% of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis also experienced wheezing (3). Furthermore, Dold and coworkers (4) showed that having a relative with atopic dermatitis or rhinitis alone does not constitute a risk factor for children to develop asthma. But having a parent with asthma significantly increased the risk for development of asthma in the child. The study separately analyzed families with single allergic diseases of one parent and showed that only asthma, and not allergic rhinitis, is a predisposing factor for asthma in the offspring. Finally, children with two family members with an identical type of allergy had the highest risk of developing that specific type of allergy. This might suggest that there are more genes necessary for the expression of different allergies.
Colchicine derivatives with potent anticancer activity and reduced P-glycoprotein induction liability (2015)

Colchicine (1), a nature-derived microtubule polymerization inhibitor, develops multi-drug resistance in tumor cells due to its P-gp substrate and induction activity, which in turn leads to its rapid efflux from tumor cells. This auto-induction of the efflux of colchicine remains a major challenge to medicinal chemists. Based on structure-based molecular modeling, a series of new colchicine derivatives were designed and synthesized with a potential for reduced P-gp induction liability. Screening of the prepared derivatives for P-gp induction activity revealed that a number of derivatives possess remarkably lower P-gp-induction activity (>90% intracellular accumulation of rhodamine 123 in LS-180 cells) compared to the parent natural product colchicine (62% Rh123 accumulation in LS-180 cells). The reduced P-gp-induction activity of new derivatives may be due to their reduced ability to interact and change the conformation of P-gp. The synthesized derivatives were then screened for antiproliferative activity against two colon cancer cell lines including HCT-116 and Colo-205. The derivative 4o showed potent cytotoxicity in HCT-116 cells with IC50 of 0.04 μM with significantly reduced P-gp induction liability. Compound 4o also inhibited microtubule assembly and induced expression of pro-apoptotic protein p21. In an Ehrlich solid tumor mice model, compound 4o showed 38% TGI with no mortality at 2 mg kg(-1) dose (oral). Compound 4o, with potent in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity, significantly reduced P-gp induction activity and its excellent physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties open up new opportunities for the colchicine scaffold.
Profile of the Postoperative Care Provided for Patients With Pancreatic and Periampullary Cancers by Family and Unpaid Caregivers (2023)

Caregivers of patients with periampullary or pancreatic cancer provide considerable assistance in the postoperative period and many reported difficulty in assisting with housework and diet. Work is needed to better prepare and support caregivers to better enable them to adequately care for patients with pancreas and periampullary cancer.
Direct-mode interactions in the wake behind a stepped cylinder (2002)

A computerized flow analysis of wake phenomena caused by a discontinuity in cylinder diameter is presented. The vortex linkage and half-loop formation observed experimentally by Lewis and Gharib [Phys. Fluids A 4, 104 (1992)] have for the first time been reproduced numerically. The instantaneous vorticity and pressure fields provide a distinct picture of the direct-mode interaction, from which it is concluded that a new half-loop is formed every third shedding cycle.
Influences of Biofilm Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms on Indirect Pathogenicity in a Model Polymicrobial Biofilm (2006)

Indirect pathogenicity (IP), the commensal protection of antibiotic-sensitive pathogens by resistant microorganisms of low intrinsic virulence, can prevent the eradication of polymicrobial infections. The contributions of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and biofilm structure to IP within polymicrobial biofilms were investigated using a model two-member consortium. Escherichia coli ATCC 33456 was transformed with vectors conferring either ampicillin or spectinomycin resistance, creating two distinct populations with different resistance mechanisms. Each strain alone or the consortium was grown as biofilms in flow cells and planktonically in chemostats. Comparisons in survival and activity were made on the basis of MICs and minimum biofilm preventative concentrations, a newly introduced descriptor. In ampicillin-containing medium, commensal interactions were evident during both modes of cultivation, but the sensitive strain experienced a greater benefit in the chemostat, indicating that the biofilm environment limited the commensal interaction between the Amp(r) and Spt(r) strains. In spectinomycin-containing medium, growth of the sensitive strain in chemostats and biofilms was not aided by the resistant strain. However, green fluorescent protein expression by the sensitive strain was greater in mixed-population biofilms (9% +/- 1%) than when the strain was grown alone (2% +/- 0%). No comparable benefit was evident during growth in the chemostat, indicating that the biofilm structure contributed to enhanced activity of the sensitive strain.
[Multistep stomach carcinogenesis]. (1996)

Genetic instability, alterations of tumor suppressor genes as well as activation of oncogenes and aberrant expression of growth factor/receptor system found in human stomach carcinogenesis are overviewed. Aberrant expression and amplification of the c-met gene, inactivation of the p53 gene and amplification of the cyclin E gene are common events of both well differentiated and poorly differentiated gastric carcinomas. K-ras mutations, c-erbB2 gene amplification, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and mutations of the APC, LOH of the bcl-2 gene and LOH at DCC locus are preferentially associated with well differentiated gastric cancer. On the other hand, microsatellite instability, reduction or loss of cadherin and catenins, K-sam and c-met gene amplification confer the development and progression of poorly differentiated or scirrhous gastric carcinomas. Interaction between cell-adhesion molecules in the c-met expressed cancer cells and hepatocyte growth factor from stromal cells is involved in morphogenesis of gastric cancer.