gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Verification of calibration methods for determining photon-counting detection efficiency using superconducting nano-wire single photon detectors (2017)

In recent years several ways to radiometrically calibrate optical fiber-coupled detectors have been developed. However, fiber-coupled calibration methods for single photon detectors have not been compared by national metrology institutes in order to validate their equivalence or traceability to the international systems of units yet.. Here, we present the comparison of radiometric calibration methods traceable to a NIST cryogenic radiometer at the 'few-photon' level. The calibration methods are based on metrology grade optical power meters. The expanded (k = 2) relative standard uncertainties of the calibration methods for the detection efficiency are of the order of 0.5%. However, the results changed relatively by 10% with a different set of optical fibers and mating connectors. These results stress the importance of fiber-core dimensions and fiber-connector repeatability.
Kinetic resolution of racemic glycidyl butyrate using a multiphase membrane enzyme reactor: Experiments and model verification (1993)

A laboratory-scale multiphase hollow fiber membrane reactor was employed to investigate the lipase-catalyzed enzymatic resolution of racemic glycidyl butyrate. A mathematical formulation was developed to simulate the performance of this system. Model parameters were determined independently (except the effective rate constant, k(s)) and incorporated in the model simulations. In this study, two modes of operation are considered: subtractive resolution, in which the unreacted substrate is recovered in the organic stream; and product recovery, where the optically pure product of the enzymatic reaction is recovered in the aqueous stream. Good agreement was obtained between theoretical predictions and experimental results under a variety of conditions. The effect of mass transport limitations on the performance of this system was investigated. An increase in enzyme loading resulted in a higher Thiele modulus due to an elevated rate constant as well as a concomitant decrease in the effective diffusivity. Optical purity decreased in both subtractive resolution and product recovery at higher Thiele modulus with the effect being more pronounced in the product recovery mode. Finally, normalized plots were established to describe the effect of enzyme immobilization on both the effective enzymes activity and effective diffusivity.
Differential Correlation Between Translocation and Down‐Regulation of Conventional and New Protein Kinase C Isozymes in C6 Glioma Cells (1995)

Correlation between translocation and down-regulation of conventional protein kinase C alpha (cPKC alpha) and new PKC delta (nPKC delta) induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) at different time courses (5 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 10 h, 17 h, and 24 h) was studied in C6 glioma cells. From the dose-dependent translocations of these two isoforms by 10-min treatment with TPA (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, and 1,000 nM), we found that cPKC alpha was translocated by 3-1,000 nM and nPKC delta was translocated by 10-1,000 nM TPA. Both isoforms were maximally translocated by 100-1,000 nM TPA, whereas 1 nM did not translocate these two isoforms. When the cells were treated with 1,000 nM TPA for 5 min to 17 h, the translocation of these two isoforms occurred rapidly after 5-min treatment and could be sustained for 1 h, whereas down-regulation occurred after 3-h treatment and almost complete down-regulation was observed after 17-h treatment. However, the extent of down-regulation of nPKC delta was greater than that of cPKC alpha at 3-, 6-, and 10-h treatment. Further studies by using different doses of TPA (100, 10, 3, and 1 nM) and extending the time to 24 h showed that cPKC alpha was more resistant to down-regulation. This conventional isoform was maintained at a translocation state even after long-term treatment with 3-100 nM TPA, and complete down-regulation was only shown after 1,000 nM treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
FedRAMP: History and Future Direction (2014)

The Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP) provides a comprehensive set of cloud security requirements that all cloud service providers must use if they wish to provide systems for use by the federal government. FedRAMP also requires continuous monitoring to ensure compliance after the system is authorized.
The new very-small-angle neutron scattering spectrometer at Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (2007)

The design and characteristics of the new very-small-angle neutron scattering spectrometer under construction at the Laboratoire Léon Brillouin are described. Its goal is to extend the range of scattering-vector magnitudes towards 2 × 10−4 Å−1. The unique feature of this new spectrometer is a high-resolution two-dimensional image-plate detector sensitive to neutrons. The wavelength selection is achieved by a double-reflection supermirror monochromator and the collimator uses a novel multibeam design.
Classical Dynamics of the Reaction of Fluorine Atoms with Hydrogen Molecules. II. Dependence on the Potential Energy Surface (1972)

The sensitivity of classical trajectory calculations of the reactions of fluorine atoms with H2 and HD to the particular choice among several ``acceptable'' potential energy surfaces is investigated. The hypothesis that the percent of the total energy available to the reaction products that is in the form of vibration energy can be predicted by the ``energy release'' on the potential energy surface is tested using this set of related H2F surfaces. The present results suggest that the main conclusions of a previous study of the dynamics of the reactions of F atoms with H2, HD, and D2 are features of the classical dynamics on any reasonable H2F potential energy surface of the generalized LEPS type.
A new 14 GHz electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source for the heavy ion accelerator facility ATLAS (1998)

A 14 GHz electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) ion source has been designed and built at Argonne National Laboratory. The source is a modification of the AECR [D. J. Clark, C. M. Lyneis, and Z. Q. Xie, 14th Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC), IEEE Conference 91 CH3038-7, 1991 (unpublished), p. 2796 and C. M. Lyneis, Z. Q. Zie, D. J. Clark, R. S. Lam, and S. A. Lundgren, 10th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources, Oak Ridge, ORNL CONF-9011136, 1990 (unpublished), p. 47.] at Berkeley and incorporates the latest results from electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) developments to produce intense beams of highly charged ions, including an improved magnetic confinement of the plasma electrons with an axial mirror ratio of 3.5. The aluminum plasma chamber and extraction electrode as well as a biased disk on axis at the microwave injection side donate additional electrons to the plasma, making use of the large secondary electron yield from aluminum oxide. The source is capable of ECR plasma heating using two different frequencies simultaneously to increase the electron energy gain for the production of high charge states. The main design goal is to produce several eμA of at least U35+238 in order to accelerate the beam to coulomb-barrier energies without further stripping. First charge state distributions for gaseous elements have been measured and 210 eμA16O7+ has been achieved. A normalized, 90% emittance from 0.1 to 0.2 π mm mrad for krypton and oxygen beam has been found.
Infusing the National Standards into Business Language Curricula (2010)

This article attempts to promote business language instruction at K–12 levels, particularly in high school settings, by discussing business language education in light of principles and guidelines of world language education addressed in "Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century" (1999; hereafter, National Standards). It highlights the correspondence between the National Standards, which provide a foundation for language class curricula especially in grades K–12, and business language instruction, examining how principles of language learning proposed in the National Standards can be applied to business language instruction. It further provides suggestions as to how business language instruction can be adapted in high school settings and introduces case studies of business Japanese lesson plans implemented by high school teachers. In conclusion, the article encourages more empirical studies of teaching business language in high school settings.
Silk Fibroin Regulates Osteoconduction of Hydroxyapatite in Rat Spine Fusion Model (2019)

The purpose of this study was to use a rat spinal fusion model to determine whether osteoconduction of HA is improved by the addition of SF. The SF/HA composite was derived by mixing HA sols with SF sols. In an in vitro study, water absorption testing, cell compatibility and compression test were done. In an in vivo study, 30 S-D male rats had surgery for posterolateral lumbar fusion. Group I rats were implanted with SF/HA composites; Group II rats were implanted with HA; Group III rats were implanted with an autograft. Fusion was evaluated by water absorption test, manual palpation, radiology and histology. The results showed that water absorption was significantly higher with the SF/HA composite compared with HA. Manual palpation and radiology showed a higher rate of fusion in the SF/HA group. Histology also showed better results for the SF/HA group. In, conclusion, SF can modify the osteoconduction of HA. SF/HA composites make good bone graft alternatives in spinal fusion, although additional research needs to be done.
Two Regioisomers of Endohedral Pyrrolidinodimetallofullerenes M2@Ih‐C80(CH2)2NTrt (M=La, Ce; Trt=trityl): Control of Metal Atom Positions by Addition Positions (2009)

The two regioisomers of endohedral pyrrolidinodimetallofullerenes M(2)@I(h)-C(80)(CH(2))(2)NTrt (M = La, Ce; Trt = trityl) were synthesized, isolated, and characterized. X-ray crystallographic analyses of [6,6]-La(2)@I(h)-C(80)(CH(2))(2)NTrt and [6,6]-Ce(2)@I(h)-C(80)(CH(2))(2)NTrt revealed that the encapsulated metal atoms are located at the slantwise positions on the mirror plane that parallels the pyrrolidine ring. Paramagnetic NMR analyses of [6,6]- and [5,6]-Ce(2)@I(h)-C(80)(CH(2))(2)NTrt were also carried out to clarify the metal positions. As for the [6,6]-adduct, the metal positions obtained by paramagnetic NMR analysis agree well with the X-ray structure. In contrast, paramagnetic NMR analysis of the [5,6]-adduct showed that the two Ce atoms are collinear with the pyrrolidine ring. We also compared the observed paramagnetic effects of the pyrrolidinodimetallofullerenes with those of other cerium-encapsulating fullerene derivatives such as bis-silylated Ce(2)@I(h)-C(80) and a carbene adduct of Ce(2)@I(h)-C(80). We found that the metal positions can be explained by the electrostatic potential maps of the corresponding [6,6]- and [5,6]-adducts of [I(h)-C(80)(CH(2))(2)NTrt](6-). These findings clearly show that metal positions inside fullerene cages can be controlled by means of the addition positions of the addends. In addition, the radical anions of the pyrrolidinodimetallofullerenes were prepared by bulk controlled-potential electrolysis and characterized by X-band EPR spectral study.
DISTRIBUTION, OVIPOSITION GUILDS, BEHAVIOR AND NEW HOST RECORDS FROM LATIN AMERICA FOR ALGAROBIUS BRIDWELL, SCUTOBRUCHUS KINGSOLVER AND PSEUDOPACHYMERINA SPINIPES (ERICHSON) (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) (1997)

Species in the Mature pod oviposition guild are Acanthoscelides longescutus (Pic), Pseudopachymerina spinipes (Erichson), Scutobruchus ceratioborus (Philippi), four species of Algarobius Bridwell and seven species of Rhipibruchus Bridwell. Acanthoscelides longescutus, Scutobruchus ceratioborus, and three species of Algarobius do not glue eggs to seeds or pods as many bruchids do, but the females insert the glueless eggs into cracks or crevices in the pods of species of Prosopis L. Seven species of Rhipibruchus feed in seeds of Prosopis but glue their eggs to the outside of the pod valves. Pseudopachymerina spinipes glues eggs to pod valves of Acacia tortuosa (Linnaeus) Willdenow. Several examples are presented that show that the natural distributions of some species of bruchids in North America and some in southern South America terminate in northern South America, especially in central Ecuador. The species from southern South America seem to be ecological equivalents of those in North America in host preference and oviposition behavior but not necessarily in taxonomic affinities.
Separation test method for investigation of current density effects on bond wires of SiC power MOSFET modules (2017)

In this paper, a separation test method for eliminating the effects of different current densities on the bond wires is proposed. The separation test method makes it possible to study the effect of different current density on the fatigue damage of bond wires without changing the temperature swing and average temperature during the test. By analyzing the output characteristics of the linear region of MOSFET, the constraint relations among the gate voltage, on-state voltage drop and junction temperature are revealed in this paper. The one-to-one correspondence between gate voltage and conduction power loss can be used to adjust the current density under fixed temperature swing and average temperature. The commercial Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFET modules are tested to experimentally verify the proposed method. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed test method is validated by the experimental results.
Improving Lithium Therapeutics by Crystal Engineering of Novel Ionic Cocrystals (2013)

Current United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved lithium salts are plagued with a narrow therapeutic window. Recent attempts to find alternative drugs have identified new chemical entities, but lithium's polypharmacological mechanisms for treating neuropsychiatric disorders are highly debated and are not yet matched. Thus, re-engineering current lithium solid forms in order to optimize performance represents a low cost and low risk approach to the desired therapeutic outcome. In this contribution, we employed a crystal engineering strategy to synthesize the first ionic cocrystals (ICCs) of lithium salts with organic anions. We are unaware of any previous studies that have assessed the biological efficacy of any ICCs, and encouragingly we found that the new speciation did not negatively affect established bioactivities of lithium. We also observed that lithium ICCs exhibit modulated pharmacokinetics compared to lithium carbonate. Indeed, the studies detailed herein represent an important advancement in a crystal engineering approach to a new generation of lithium therapeutics.
Systemic nocardiosis mimicking an ocular relapse of giant-cell arteritis (2006)

probably due to scleroderma. Postoperatively, the patient made an excellent recovery with a full range of pain-free movements in all digits of the right hand. At review 2 yr later, there was no evidence of recurrence. Symptoms in the left hand were not sufficient to warrant surgery.
Work in progress - use of guided inquiry as an active learning technique in engineering (2009)

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of using guided inquiry in an Introduction to materials class at a large research university. Throughout the course, the instructor, as a facilitator, guided students by providing an active learning environment and probing students with questions. A comparison was made between lecture and guided inquiry sections, both taught by the same instructor. The materials concept inventory was used as a pretest/ post-test to measure students' learning; student satisfaction and self-assessment of learning was measured by the student assessment of learning gains. Measures of learning showed no significant difference between these two sections. The preliminary findings from surveys and interview data indicated that students did recognize the benefits of being active learners, but they felt uncomfortable without having an authority figure provide the ¿correct¿ answers. More detailed analysis of qualitative data is ongoing in order to gain more insights into using guided inquiry in engineering.
A new device as an open stent graft for extended aortic repair: a multicentre early experience in Japan (2015)

The safety and effectiveness of this investigational device was verified over a period up to 36 months after operation. A long-term follow-up would be necessary to further verify the effectiveness of the device in the future.
Spin Transistor Action from Hidden Onsager Reciprocity (2012)

We investigate generic Hamiltonians for confined electrons with weak inhomogeneous spin-orbit coupling. Using a local gauge transformation we show how the SU(2) Hamiltonian structure reduces to a U(1)×U(1) structure for spinless fermions in a fictitious orbital magnetic field, to leading order in the spin-orbit strength. Using an Onsager relation, we further show how the resulting spin conductance vanishes in a two-terminal setup, and how it is turned on by either weakly breaking time-reversal symmetry or opening additional transport terminals, thus allowing one to switch the generated spin current on or off. We numerically check our theory for mesoscopic cavities as well as Aharonov-Bohm rings.
The Pivotal Regulatory Landscape of RNA Modifications (2014)

Posttranscriptionally modified nucleosides in RNA play integral roles in the cellular control of biological information that is encoded in DNA. The modifications of RNA span all three phylogenetic domains (Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya) and are pervasive across RNA types, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and (less frequently) small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and microRNA (miRNA). Nucleotide modifications are also one of the most evolutionarily conserved properties of RNAs, and the sites of modification are under strong selective pressure. However, many of these modifications, as well as their prevalence and impact, have only recently been discovered. Here, we examine both labile and permanent modifications, from simple methylation to complex transcript alteration (RNA editing and intron retention); detail the models for their processing; and highlight remaining questions in the field of the epitranscriptome.
The metabolism of 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine in normal and neoplastic tissues. (1961)

The metabolism of 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4- d )pyrimidine (APP)[1][1] has been studied in several normal and neoplastic mouse tissues.

APP is rapidly cleared from the peritoneal fluid and blood after intraperitoneal or intravenous administration. The drug is taken up by the blood cells and is lost from them less rapidly than from serum.

Approximately one-half of the administered drug is excreted in the urine from normal mice in 24 hours, and one-half of this is within the 1st hour. The rate and amount of excretion from tumor-bearing mice are much less.

The distribution of APP in the tissues was studied. Only in the tumor cells, small intestine, liver, and spleen did APP concentration increase during the first hour after administration.

The following were tentatively identified as metabolites of APP in the tissues: free APP, APP-riboside, 4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4- d )pyrimidine, the mono-, di-, and triphosphates of APP-riboside, and two unidentified degradation products.

Liver, spleen, kidney, small intestine, muscle, and blood were quantitatively examined for their content of these metabolites over a 2-hour period following administration of APP. In all cases the total nucleotide fraction was quantitatively most important. The free base and degradation products were also present and were especially evident in blood and muscle.

In three sensitive and four resistant tumors the predominant metabolites were the nucleotides, at all three levels of phosphorylation. In addition, small amounts of the free base and degradation products were also present.

The metabolism of APP in the sensitive tumors was characterized either by the formation of relatively very large quantities of nucleotides or by continued nucleotide formation throughout the time period studied. Resistant tumors characteristically formed relatively smaller amounts of nucleotides or degraded those initially synthesized more rapidly than did the sensitive tumors.

All tissues and tumors studied incorporated APP into their nucleic acids. No correlation was found between the rate or extent of incorporation and sensitivity to this drug. In Ehrlich ascites carcinoma there was 10 times more incorporation into the ribonucleic acid (RNA) than into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). APP was shown to be incorporated into this RNA in nucleotide form.

The significance of these studies of APP metabolism is discussed.

 [1]: #fn-3
Experimental examination of similarity measures and preprocessing methods used for image registration (1976)

An experimental analysis of a number of image registration techniques is described. The objective is to provide a better understanding on a comparative basis of some of the methods of registering imagery that have been proposed. In particular, this study encompasses the choice of a similarity measure and the effects of preprocessing the imagery prior to the registration.
A Cross-Country Comparison of Success Factor Priorities for Health Information Technology Managers: Evidence of Convergence in the Nordic Countries (2015)

The implementation of Health Information Technology (HIT) can improve the provision of high-quality and efficient healthcare services, however, it has met with significant challenges in many cases. Despite the challenges occurring in many countries, prior research on HIT implementation success factors is, however, mainly from the USA. This research conducted a survey to IT managers in Nordic countries' healthcare organizations and compiled a list of the HIT implementation success factors that these managers considered important in each country. It was found that IT managers in Nordic countries agree highly with each other in their judgment of the importance of these success factors. While Nordic countries' healthcare systems and culture are relatively similar, the results suggest that an internationally applicable set of recommendations for the successful completion of HIT implementations could be within the realm of possibility.
Microbial Hydroxylation Of Precursors Of Sinensal (1992)

In order to produce the important flavour compound sinensal microbial ω-hydroxylation of farnesene and its sulfone derivative were investigated. While farnesene proved to be a poor substrate, its sulfone could be hydroxylated to the ω-hydroxyfamesene sulfones in up to 27% yield. Some strains could discriminate between the E- and Z-configurated substrate. In low yields products hycroxylated at different positions and two monocyclofarnesane derivatives could also be isolated