gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autoradiographic studies of rat astroglial cell proliferation in vitro with and without treatment with basic fibroblast growth factor (1992)

Using specific autoradiographic methods, cell cycle parameters of untreated and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-treated astroglial cells from newborn rats grown in primary culture were directly measured. The mode of proliferation was also analysed. In untreated cultures, S phase duration (Ts = 6.9-13.1 h) and cell cycle time (Tc = 10-18 h) can be modified by about a factor of 2 depending on the culture conditions (serum-supplemented or defined medium, thyroid hormone concentration). However, growth fraction (GF = 0.15) and the ratio Ts/Tc remain stable. With increasing days in vitro (DIV) (DIV 7-DIV 20), Ts (7.8-10.6 h) and Tc (10-21 h) are prolonged and GF (0.14-0.06) decreases, probably due to cell maturation. In general, astroglial cells proliferate exponentially with a GF < 1, but stop proliferating about 30-36 h after the last feeding, probably caused by exhaustion of the medium. However, after refeeding they continue to proliferate. As opposed to in vivo, no transition of non-proliferating cells into the GF occurs. After addition of bFGF, GF increases (e.g. GF at DIV 7 = 0.43), but Ts and Tc are not influenced at DIV 7 and 12. At DIV 20, bFGF additionally shortens Ts and Tc, thereby producing values of Ts, Tc and GF like 'younger' cultures. However, the revitalizing effect on 'mature' cells is only transitory. In general, bFGF leads to a single re-entry of G0 cells into the GF. Thereafter, bFGF does not affect the mode of proliferation.
Validatable nonrobust delay-fault testable circuits via logic synthesis (1992)

The authors advocate a synthesis approach to delay-fault testing, wherein completely path-delay-fault testable circuits are automatically synthesized, meeting area and performance requirements. They give necessary and sufficient conditions for validatable nonrobust fault testability of paths in arbitrary multilevel networks. Validatable nonrobust testing as opposed to robust testing offers degrees of freedom that enable the development of efficient synthesis procedures that target delay-fault testability, and also provides a means of producing compact test vector sets. The authors then focus on the development of synthesis procedures that produce networks that are fully testable under the nonrobust fault model. They show that primality and irredundancy are both a necessary and sufficient condition for complete validatable nonrobust testability in the two-level case. They prove that synthesizing a multilevel network using algebraic factorization retains complete validatable nonrobust testability. Preliminary results that verify the procedures are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Feasibility of bit patterned media for HAMR at 5 Tb/in2 (2015)

We have investigated the feasibility of BPM for HAMR via Finite Difference Time Domain and atomistic simulation and we have substantiated the feasibility of 5 Tb/in2 with two filling factors 25% and 56% even when the maximum on-track bit temperature is below the Curie temperature. The success of this underheated switching is attributed to sufficiently low anisotropy instead of reduction of Curie temperature. The temperature gradient in the cross-track direction is almost doubled if the optical head width is reduced by half, indicating the possibility of higher areal densities. Moreover, contrary to continuous media, we also found that the power absorption peaks at the bottom of the bit patterned FePt when the media is illuminated from above, which is probably due to stronger coupling there between FePt and the surrounding materials.
Lattice Strain Mapping of Platinum Nanoparticles on Carbon and SnO2 Supports (2015)

It is extremely important to understand the properties of supported metal nanoparticles at the atomic scale. In particular, visualizing the interaction between nanoparticle and support, as well as the strain distribution within the particle is highly desirable. Lattice strain can affect catalytic activity, and therefore strain engineering via e.g. synthesis of core-shell nanoparticles or compositional segregation has been intensively studied. However, substrate-induced lattice strain has yet to be visualized directly. In this study, platinum nanoparticles decorated on graphitized carbon or tin oxide supports are investigated using spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs-corrected STEM) coupled with geometric phase analysis (GPA). Local changes in lattice parameter are observed within the Pt nanoparticles and the strain distribution is mapped. This reveals that Pt nanoparticles on SnO2 are more highly strained than on carbon, especially in the region of atomic steps in the SnO2 lattice. These substrate-induced strain effects are also reproduced in density functional theory simulations, and related to catalytic oxygen reduction reaction activity. This study suggests that tailoring the catalytic activity of electrocatalyst nanoparticles via the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) is possible. This technique also provides an experimental platform for improving our understanding of nanoparticles at the atomic scale.
The combined use of bibliographic coupling and cocitation for document retrieval (1980)

Abstract A linkage similarity measure which takes into account both the bibliographic coupling of documents and their cocitations (both cited and citing papers) produced improved document retrieval over a measure based only on bibliographic coupling. The test collection consisted of 1712 papers whose relevance to specific queries had been judged by users. To evaluate the effect of using cocitation data, we calculated for each query two measures of similarity between each relevant paper and every other paper retrieved. Papers were then sorted by the similarity measures, producing two ordered lists. We then compared the resulting predictions of relevance, partial relevance, and non‐relevance to the user's evaluations of the same papers. Over‐all, the change from the bibliographic coupling measure to the linkage similarity measure, representing the introduction of cocitation data, resulted in better retrieval performance.
Significant increase of listeriosis in Germany - Epidemiological patterns 2001-2005 (2006)

Listeriosis has been a mandatorily notifiable disease in Germany since January 2001. Clinical cases with isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from sterile specimens or neonates are reported to the Robert Koch-Institut. Listeriosis incidence significantly increased from 0.26 per 100 000 inhabitants (217 cases) in 2001 to 0.62 per 100 000 (519 cases) in 2005. The increase only occurred among non pregnancy-associated cases and was mainly due to a rise in cases in the age group > or =60 years. The highest incidences were observed in neonates and adults > or =70 years. Male cases predominated, except for cases occurring in adults of child-bearing age. The overall case fatality rate was 9%. No temporal or spatial clusters of cases were observed and no outbreaks with a common source vehicle were identified. In 46% of the cases malignancies were reported as predisposing factor. Reasons for the increase of listeriosis in Germany remain unclear. The newly implemented surveillance system, and raised diagnostic awareness, cannot explain the particularly high increase in incidence from 2004 to 2005. Increased contamination of common foodstuffs or changes in underlying medical conditions or treatment options may have contributed to the increase. A project for enhanced listeriosis surveillance was begun in 2005 to obtain more detailed information about the clinical course, underlying conditions, medical treatment, knowledge about listeriosis and possible food risk factors from all newly diagnosed cases. For better outbreak detection, a nationwide system for molecular subtyping of listeria strains from humans and food is necessary. Recommendations for prevention should be extended to all risk groups with predisposing conditions
RNA-binding and prion domains: the Yin and Yang of phase separation (2020)

Proteins and RNAs assemble in membrane-less organelles that organize intracellular spaces and regulate biochemical reactions. The ability of proteins and RNAs to form condensates is encoded in their sequences, yet it is unknown which domains drive the phase separation (PS) process and what are their specific roles. Here, we systematically investigated the human and yeast proteomes to find regions promoting condensation. Using advanced computational methods to predict the PS propensity of proteins, we designed a set of experiments to investigate the contributions of Prion-Like Domains (PrLDs) and RNA-binding domains (RBDs). We found that one PrLD is sufficient to drive PS, whereas multiple RBDs are needed to modulate the dynamics of the assemblies. In the case of stress granule protein Pub1 we show that the PrLD promotes sequestration of protein partners and the RBD confers liquid-like behaviour to the condensate. Our work sheds light on the fine interplay between RBDs and PrLD to regulate formation of membrane-less organelles, opening up the avenue for their manipulation.
Educational level and outcome in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC): A population-based study. (2016)

e20096 Background: To examine possible associations between educational status and outcome in patients with SCLC. Methods: The present study was based on information in LcBaSe, a lung cancer research database generated by record linkages between the Swedish National Lung Cancer Register and several other population-based registers. Educational level was categorized according to number of years of schooling; low ( ≤ 9 years), middle (10-12 year) and high ( ≥ 13 years). Stage was classified into two groups: limited disease (LD) and extensive disease (ED). Risk of death expressed as hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) were computed in multi-variable analyses adjusted for age, gender, disease stage at diagnosis, number of persons/household and performance status (PS). In additional steps, separate multivariable analyses stratified by gender and stage were performed. Results: The study population encompassed4256 patients with a SCLC diagnosis between 2002-2011. Median age was 69 years. 3174 (74 %) patients were diagnosed with extensive disease. One fifth of patients had a poor performance score (PS 3-4). Fifty percent had a low educational level (middle 37 %; high 11 %). Slightly less than half of patients (46%) lived in a one-person household. Compared to men with a low level of education, the risk of death was significantly lower in men with high education (HR 0.84; 95 % CI 0.73-0.98). The corresponding comparison between women with low and high education yielded an estimate of 0.92(95% CI 0.78-1.09). A statistically significant gradient in outcome was observed in patients with LD (high vs low education, HR 0.76; 95 % CI 0.58-0.98), but not in the ED subgroup (HR 0.92; 95 % CI 0.82-1.04). Conclusions: In Swedish men diagnosed with SCLC, and among patients with limited disease SCLC, a low education was associated with a poorer prognosiscompared to patients with a high education.The origins of these differences in outcome between educational groups are unknown, but may reflect differences in access to care, treatment intensity, general health status, social support and lifestyle factors.
Extended Detailed Chemical Kinetic Model for Benzene Pyrolysis with New Reaction Pathways Including Oligomer Formation (2014)

The detailed chemical kinetic model based on elementary reactions was developed by adding reactions associated with the formations of benzene oligomers such as quaterphenyl (C24H18) and quinquephenyl (C30H22) and the overall reactions on coke formation to the available model reported previously [Norinaga, K.; J. Anal. Appl. Pyro., 2009]. This extended model was critically evaluated by comparisons of the computed results with experimental data on the benzene pyrolysis performed with an atmospheric flow reactor at temperature ranging from 1123 to 1223 K, residence time up to 4 s, and benzene partial pressure of 10.1 kPa [Kousoku, A.; J. Chem. Eng. Jpn.; accepted for publication]. The extended model showed improved capabilities in predicting product distribution in the benzene pyrolysis, including the yields of unreacted benzene as well as primary products such as benzene oligomers, low molecular weight gaseous products such as hydrogen and methane, and soot/coke. In contrast, the original model significantly underpredicted the conversion of benzene and could not predict the formations of benzene oligomers larger than terphenyl and coke. Acceptable agreements in oligomer yields obtained theoretically and experimentally indicate that the higher oligomer formations that had been ignored in the previous research are important reaction pathways leading to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the primary stage of benzene pyrolysis.
Topology structure based saliency region detection for cartoon images (2014)

Saliency detection is a key component of content-aware image processing, such as image retargeting. The speciality of cartoon images make the existing algorithms hard to get excellent results. In this paper, we propose a new method to detect saliency region of cartoon images, based on the topology structure of superpixels. Firstly, we extract the feature lines and superpixels of the cartoon image and establish the topology structure of superpixels to indicate the relationship between each of them. Secondly, we extract the superpixels adjacent to the extracted feature lines and distinguish the background superpixels from the foreground superpixels through heuristic search on the topology structure. Lastly, the global saliency is computed by calculating the sum of color distance between the background superpixels, while local saliency is computed by the a novel Saliency flood scheme. The experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms recent state-of-the-art saliency detection methods on cartoon images, yielding higher precision and better recall rates.
Identification of fungal lignocellulose-degrading biocatalysts secreted by Phanerochaete chrysosporium via activity-based protein profiling (2022)

Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) has emerged as a versatile biochemical method for studying enzyme activity under various physiological conditions, with applications so far mainly in biomedicine. Here, we show the potential of ABPP in the discovery of biocatalysts from the thermophilic and lignocellulose-degrading white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. By employing a comparative ABPP-based functional screen, including a direct profiling of wood substrate-bound enzymes, we identify those lignocellulose-degrading carbohydrate esterase (CE1 and CE15) and glycoside hydrolase (GH3, GH5, GH16, GH17, GH18, GH25, GH30, GH74 and GH79) enzymes specifically active in presence of the substrate. As expression of fungal enzymes remains challenging, our ABPP-mediated approach represents a preselection procedure for focusing experimental efforts on the most promising biocatalysts. Furthermore, this approach may also allow the functional annotation of domains-of-unknown functions (DUFs). The ABPP-based biocatalyst screening described here may thus allow the identification of active enzymes in a process of interest and the elucidation of novel biocatalysts that share no sequence similarity to known counterparts.
Correction to “Chemo-Radiative Stress of Plasma as a Modulator of Charge-Dependent Nanodiamond Cytotoxicity” (2021)

A permission to reproduce was missing in the legend of Figure 2. This change does not affect any results or conclusions of this paper. Figure 2. SEM images of S. cerevisiae cells exposed to the APCP jet for different treatment times. Parts of the pictures are enlarged to clearly show the cell response to the APCP jet. Some parts of the figures are reprinted from ref 19.
Study on the Luminous and Thermal Characteristics of High-Power Near-Ultraviolet LED Packages with Various Chip Arrangements (2009)

High-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been fabricated through multi-chip integration of small near-ultraviolet (n-UV) LED chips by using a direct flip-chip bonding technique. Based on optical measurements, the absorption of light between adjoining LED chips was not observed when temperature was held constant, although the luminescence characteristics of the LED decreased with increasing package temperature. Large-scale integration LEDs (LSILEDs) with radiant fluxes over 2 W and 121 LED chips in a single package were fabricated. Four types of packages with different chip densities revealed the importance of thermal management through the control of the number and density of the LED chips in order to obtain high radiant flux and high efficiency.
First-in-man study with bevacizumab-eluting stent: a new approach for the inhibition of atheromatic plaque neovascularisation (2008)

The implantation of bevacizumab-eluting stents in human coronary arteries seems safe and elicits minimal neointimal hyperplasia. This new approach for high-risk plaque stabilisation through inhibition of plaque neovascularisation requires further investigation through placebo-controlled trials.
Inactivation of Fbxw7 Impairs dsRNA Sensing and Confers Resistance to PD-1 Blockade (2020)

The molecular mechanisms leading to resistance to PD-1 blockade are largely unknown. Here, we characterize tumor biopsies from a patient with melanoma who displayed heterogeneous responses to anti-PD-1 therapy. We observe that a resistant tumor exhibited a loss-of-function mutation in the tumor suppressor gene <i>FBXW7</i>, whereas a sensitive tumor from the same patient did not. Consistent with a functional role in immunotherapy response, inactivation of <i>Fbxw7</i> in murine tumor cell lines caused resistance to anti-PD-1 in immunocompetent animals. Loss of <i>Fbxw7</i> was associated with altered immune microenvironment, decreased tumor-intrinsic expression of the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensors MDA5 and RIG1, and diminished induction of type I IFN and MHC-I expression. In contrast, restoration of dsRNA sensing in <i>Fbxw7</i>-deficient cells was sufficient to sensitize them to anti-PD-1. Our results thus establish a new role for the commonly inactivated tumor suppressor <i>FBXW7</i> in viral sensing and sensitivity to immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings establish a role of the commonly inactivated tumor suppressor <i>FBXW7</i> as a genomic driver of response to anti-PD-1 therapy. <i>Fbxw7</i> loss promotes resistance to anti-PD-1 through the downregulation of viral sensing pathways, suggesting that therapeutic reactivation of these pathways could improve clinical responses to checkpoint inhibitors in genomically defined cancer patient populations.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1241</i>.
Numerical analysis of two-frequency interaction between waves in a nonlinear radiating electromagnetic crystal (2011)

Two-frequency interaction between electromagnetic waves in a 2D nonlinear radiating electromagnetic crystal under the conditions of the spatial synchronism of the forward wave at the fundamental frequency and the backward wave at the second harmonic of the fundamental frequency is analyzed. The mathematical model of a 2D radiating electromagnetic crystal is built. The effect of generation of the second harmonic in the case of excitation of this structure by a free-space plane wave is analyzed. The phenomenon of parametric amplification in the case of simultaneous excitation of the electromagnetic crystal by a signal with the fundamental frequency arriving from free space and a planar-waveguide mode with the doubled frequency is studied. The possibility of narrowing the radiation pattern of the structure by means of generation of the second harmonic is shown.
Efficacy of Combinational Therapy Using Topical Minoxidil and Microneedling for The Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2023)

Abstract Androgenetic alopecia is a widespread condition that is the most common type of hair loss affecting approximately 58% and 40% of men and women by the age of 50, respectively. Patients have been known to experience severe distress due to androgenetic alopecia, including anxiety, low self-esteem, and depression. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of combination therapy using topical minoxidil and microneedling compared to topical minoxidil alone. This systematic review of randomized controlled trials was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42023391164). The literature search was performed using Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, and the National Institutes of Health's United States National Library of Medicine from inception through January 20, 2022. Randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of combinational therapy and monotherapy using microneedling and minoxidil on patients with clinically diagnosed androgenetic alopecia were included after screening titles, abstracts, and full texts. Two independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data, and appraised the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Ten randomized controlled trials, including ­­­466 patients,­ were selected for this review and eight studies were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. All eight studies displayed a statistically significant increase in total hair count (standard mean difference [SMD], 1.76; 95% CI, 1.26-2.26; P&lt;0.00001); however, the evidence did not support a statistically significant increase in hair diameter (SMD, 0.82; 95% CI, -0.01–1.65; P=0.05). No scarring nor serious adverse events were reported in any of the studies. The findings of this meta-analysis strongly support the utilization of a multimodal therapeutic approach of minoxidil and microneedling for hair growth in patients with androgenetic alopecia. However, variations in factors such as rating scale measurements, microneedling methods, and areas of treatment may have resulted in confounding. Further randomized controlled, large-sample trials employing rigorous methodologies are needed to gain a more comprehensive understanding regarding treatment efficacy, namely the impact of combinational therapy on hair diameter.
SOI-based HF and VHF single-crystal silicon resonators with SUB-100 nanometer vertical capacitive gaps (2004)

This paper reports on the fabrication and characterization of single-crystal silicon (SCS) capacitive resonators with operating frequencies in the HF (3-30 MHz) and VHF (30-300 MHz) range. In-plane ultra-stiff SCS resonators with polysilicon electrodes and self-aligned 90 nm vertical capacitive gaps have been fabricated on SOI substrates using a HARPSS-like fabrication process. High frequency side-supported flexural disk resonators and clamped-clamped beam resonators have been implemented and tested. A 3 /spl mu/m thick, 30/spl mu/m in diameter SCS disk resonator exhibited a quality factor of 40,000 in vacuum at 148 MHz. When operated in atmosphere, the same device demonstrated a Q of 8,000.
The design and application of high-resolution 3D stereoscopic graphics display on PC (2000)

This paper describes methods and procedures for real-time rendering of high-resolution 3D stereoscopic graphics&#13;\nusing an improved 3D OpenGL accelerator on PC platform. The hardware architecture and software development&#13;\nof the stereoscopic accelerator are first analyzed, followed by in detail description of SDK of stereo display control&#13;\nfor Windows NT. Using a special driver and the SDK, the high-resolution 3D stereoscopic graphics is easy to&#13;\nprogram and control in real-time, with a simple interface to stereo viewing devices. At the end, a few extended&#13;\nstereo PC systems will be discussed. These systems further improve the stereoscopic capacities for low-cost&#13;\nindustrial graphics applications.