gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron Radiation Damage in TiOx Nanobelts (2009)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
On ne badine pas avec la danse : les structures d’encadrement d’une fête de saint patron au début du XVe siècle en Picardie (2012)

Les registres de justice seigneuriale recèlent de nombreuses informations encore inédites éclairant les usages populaires médiévaux ainsi que leurs lentes évolutions. Le jugement ici édité, relatif au conflit soulevé par la rémunération de ménestrels ayant joué à l’occasion d’une fête de saint patron en Picardie au début du XVe siècle, confronté à des textes postérieurs comparables, illustre l’enjeu que constitue le contrôle des pratiques corporelles du peuple. La musique des ménestrels pourrait bien se révéler dans ce cadre comme l’un des instruments de l’encadrement de la séduction entre « jeunes gens à marier ».
Allylic Sulfones in Solid-Phase Synthesis:  Preparation of Cyclobutylidenes (1999)

Polymer-bound allyl sulfones (cf. 9) were utilized in geminal cycloalkylations with epichlorohydrin to generate a cis-phenylsulfonylcyclobutanol derivative (cf. 11) in one step. In the final step of this solid-phase synthetic sequence, cuprate, organomolybdenum, and organopalladium reagents were screened to obtain an optimal protocol for “traceless” cleavage of cyclobutylidene products from the resin. Among these, palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation was the most efficient. In addition, highly regioselective nucleophilic attack at the less hindered terminus of the allyl fragment (i.e., overall SN2‘ sulfinate displacement) was observed. Cyclobutylidene diversification was demonstrated by incorporating different allylic substituents, O-functionalizations, and C-nucleophiles to prepare a demonstration library of eight cyclobutylidene derivatives (i.e., derivatives of 4) in four steps and 30−38% overall yield from lithium polystyrene/divinylbenzene sulfinate.
Controlling the corrosion and cathodic activation of magnesium via microalloying additions of Ge (2016)

The evolution of corrosion morphology and kinetics for magnesium (Mg) have been demonstrated to be influenced by cathodic activation, which implies that the rate of the cathodic partial reaction is enhanced as a result of anodic dissolution. This phenomenon was recently demonstrated to be moderated by the use of arsenic (As) alloying as a poison for the cathodic reaction, leading to significantly improved corrosion resistance. The pursuit of alternatives to toxic As is important as a means to imparting a technologically safe and effective corrosion control method for Mg (and its alloys). In this work, Mg was microalloyed with germanium (Ge), with the aim of improving corrosion resistance by retarding cathodic activation. Based on a combined analysis herein, we report that Ge is potent in supressing the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (reduction of water) upon Mg, improving corrosion resistance. With the addition of Ge, cathodic activation of Mg subject to cyclic polarisation was also hindered, with beneficial implications for future Mg electrodes.
Merger Guidelines for the Labor Market (2023)

While the labor market implications of mergers have historically been ignored, recent actions by the Department of Justice (DOJ) place buyer market power (i.e., monopsony) at the forefront of antitrust policy.We develop a theory of multi-plant ownership and monopsony to help guide this new policy focus.We estimate the model using U.S. Census data and demonstrate the model's ability to replicate empirically documented paths of employment and wages following mergers.We then simulate a representative set of U.S. mergers in order to evaluate merger review thresholds.Our main exercise applies the DOJ and FTC's product market concentration thresholds to local labor markets.Assuming mergers generate efficiency gains of 5 percent, our simulations suggest that workers are harmed, on average, under the enforcement of the more lenient 2010 merger guidelines and unharmed, on average, under enforcement of the more stringent 1982 merger guidelines.We also provide a framework for further research evaluating alternative concentration thresholds based on assumptions about the efficiency effects of mergers and the resource constraints of regulators.Finally, we provide guidance for using the Gross Downward Wage Pressure method for evaluating the impact of mergers on labor markets.
Impact of Channel Add/Drop on Nonlinear Performance in Uncompensated 100G Coherent Systems (2015)

We examine nonlinear performance of uncompensated coherent systems in which neighboring channels are added and dropped at ROADM nodes along the path; we investigate dependence on fiber type and initial dispersion on the added channels.
Electrochemical Instability in the Transfer of Cationic Surfactant across the 1,2-Dichloroethane/Water Interface (2003)

The electrochemical instability has been shown to appear in the transfer of cationic surfactant ions across the 1,2-dichloroethane/water interface. Cyclic voltammograms possess all fundamental characteristics that are predicted by the theory of electrochemical instability: the presence of the instability window, that is, the potential range where the interface becomes unstable, the location of the instability window around the standard ion transfer potential of surface-active ions, and the dependence of the width of the instability window on the concentration of the surfactant ions. Electrocapillary measurements clearly demonstrate that the interface becomes unstable, while the interfacial tension is positive, being higher than 20 mN m(-1). The electrocapillary curve exhibits the discontinuities at both ends of the instability window, indicating the similarity between the electrochemical instability and the phase transitions induced by the temperature, pressure, and chemical potential. The results from voltammetry and interfacial tension measurements for cationic surfactants support the idea that the electrochemical instability, so far reported in the transfer of anionic surfactants across the liquid/liquid interface, is one of intrinsic properties of the two-phase systems where the partition of surface-active ions takes place.
BFGF AND PHOTORECEPTOR REGENERATION (1991)

General discussion bFGF and photoreceptor regeneration Steinberg: In addition to Millier cells in the mammalian retina there is another support cell, the retinal pigment epithelial cell or RPE cell, about which we have heard from Professor Lopashov. This is a multi potential cell and it is also a multifunctional cell, in the mature retina. The RPE cell is a transporting cell, carrying metabolites to and from the subretinal space, which is the primitive third ventricle space. The RPE cell recycles vitamin A and isomerizes it during dark adaptation. This cell also functions as a macrophage, phagocytosing the shed tips of the outer segments from rods and cones, which replenish these discs on a daily basis. That the outer segment grows every day also provides for its ability to regenerate. This is not regeneration of the whole photoreceptor, just of the outer segment. We can lose the outer segment, as occurs in retinal detachment when the neural retina becomes displaced from the RPE. The outer segment can regrow, as long as the inner segment and soma region survive. We don't know the physiological characteristics of this survival, or the degree of injury that will prevent this regeneration. . I want now to tell you about some recent research that I have been engaged in on the role of the basic fibroblast growth factor in photoreceptor regeneration and survival in the rat. This research was done in full collaboration with Dr Matthew M. La Vail and with a medical student at UCSF, Ella G. Faktorovich. Douglas Yasumura and Michael T. Matthes also contributed to. these experiments* . The retinal pigment epithelium contains basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (Schweiger er et al 1987, Sternf eld et al 1989), which has been shown to act as a mitogen and differentiation-promoting factor in many systems. For instance, bFGF induces retinal regeneration from the RPE in the chick embryo (Park & Hollenberg 1989). Moreover, bFGF has been shown to act as a neurotrophic agent in several regions of the central nervous system (Sievers et al 1987, Anderson et al 1988, Otto et al 1989). To investigate its possible role as a survival factor in the vertebrate retina, we studied its effect in two conditions that lead to profound degeneration of photoreceptors in the rat-inherited retinal *We thank D. Oospodarowicz for helpful discussions and the gift of aFOF and bFOF, and N. Lawson and G. Riggs for technical and secretarial assistance. This work was supported by the National Eye Institute, the National Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation, Research to Prevent Blindness and That Man May See, Inc. M. M. LaVail is an RPB Senior Scientific Investigator.
High-precision camera distortion measurements with a “calibration harp” (2012)

This paper addresses the high-precision measurement of the distortion of a digital camera from photographs. Traditionally, this distortion is measured from photographs of a flat pattern that contains aligned elements. Nevertheless, it is nearly impossible to fabricate a very flat pattern and to validate its flatness. This fact limits the attainable measurable precisions. In contrast, it is much easier to obtain physically very precise straight lines by tightly stretching good quality strings on a frame. Taking literally "plumb-line methods," we built a "calibration harp" instead of the classic flat patterns to obtain a high-precision measurement tool, demonstrably reaching 2/100 pixel precisions. The harp is complemented with the algorithms computing automatically from harp photographs two different and complementary lens distortion measurements. The precision of the method is evaluated on images corrected by state-of-the-art distortion correction algorithms, and by popular software. Three applications are shown: first an objective and reliable measurement of the result of any distortion correction. Second, the harp permits us to control state-of-the art global camera calibration algorithms: it permits us to select the right distortion model, thus avoiding internal compensation errors inherent to these methods. Third, the method replaces manual procedures in other distortion correction methods, makes them fully automatic, and increases their reliability and precision.
Morphology Improvement of Step Bunching on 4H-SiC Wafers by Polishing Technique (2010)

In this paper, we report a new polishing technique regarding the elimination of step bunching on the silicon carbide (SiC) surface. The step bunching generation is often observed as frequent phenomenon on the surface of SiC epilayers grown on low off-angle (0001) SiC wafers and on SiC devices after annealing to activate the dopants. We polished the step bunching surface using a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) technique reported in a previous study, and we succeeded to improve the morphology with a flat and smooth surface which showed a small Rms value of around 0.1nm. We especially found an excellent polishing effect for the control of leakage current in reverse I-V characteristics of SiC Schottky barrier diodes (SBD).
Estimation of Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path analysis in short duration Rice Genotypes of Manipur (2017)

High significant variations were observed for all the traits studied under present investigation. Considering parameters, high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed for the number of effective tillers per plant, grain yield per plant, plant height followed by days to 50% flowering. Heritability in broad sense was higher in all of the characters studied under present investigation. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed in plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of spikelets per panicle and number of grains per panicle, indicated that these characters under additive gene control and selection for improvement might be effective. Both at the phenotypic and genotypic level, grain yield per plant had significant and positive association with plant height, panicle length,number of filled grains per panicle and number of spikelets per panicle but had significant negative association with number of effective tillers per plant and 1000- grain weight. Number of spikelets per panicle had the maximum positive and direct effect followed by days to maturity, plant height, spikelet fertility and 1000- grain weight. Based on mean performance and various genetic parameters attributes, advance line namely, MC-34-1-10-6-1-26 was observed to be promising because it is of short duration, and yielded significantly higher than the short duration check RCM-8. Promising culture would be recommended for double cropping in the valley region of the state.
Reconstruction of the Ossicular Chain with Hydroxyapatite Implants (1986)

This paper describes the clinical results of the application of dense hydroxyapatite assembly prostheses. A study of 60 patients with hydroxyapatite incus prostheses revealed an air-bone gap closure within 20 dB in 86.6% of the cases, and an air-bone gap closure of less than 10 dB in 60.6%. No improvement was seen in 5% of the patients. The follow-up period varied from 1 to 4 years with an average of 2 years, and the hearing gain remained constant during this period. Hydroxyapatite may be considered a useful material for reconstructive middle ear surgery.
Integrated nonlinear photonics in AlGaAs-on-insulator waveguides (2021)

The heterogeneous integration of AlGaAs-on-insulator (AlGaAs-OI) has proven to be a highly efficient material platform for nonlinear photonics. When AlGaAs is bonded to silica, there is a large difference in refractive index which results in waveguides with a strong modal confinement and enhanced nonlinearities. This, in combination with low linear and nonlinear losses, makes AlGaAs-OI an ideal platform for exploring nonlinear phenomena. In this talk we present recent progress on the design, fabrication and testing of AlGaAs-OI waveguides for efficient second harmonic generation, supercontinuum generation and the creation of photon pairs.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Chromium(VI) Alkylidenes (2019)

Chromium(VI) dialkyls are remarkably acidic, yielding a set of anionic chromium alkylidenes upon deprotonation with KN(TMS)2. We describe the characterization of three anionic chromium alkylidenes of the type [(ArN)2Cr(═CHR)(CH2R]− (R = tBu, SiMe3, Ph; Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl). NEt4[(ArN)2Cr(═CHSiMe3)(CH2SiMe3)] has been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. We have also studied the C–H activation of cyclohexane effected by the transient neopentylidene (ArN)2Cr(═CHCMe3). This reaction generated a trinuclear chromium(IV) complex as well as the two organic products cyclohexene and neopentane. A probable intermediate in this reaction could be trapped by PPh3 to form (ArN)2Cr(PPh3)2. The latter undergoes ligand substitution reactions with ethylene and CO to produce π-acid complexes of tetravalent chromium and, in the case of CO, a rare terminal imido complex of Cr(II).
Synthesis, labelling and first evaluation of [18F]R91150 as a serotonin 5‐HT2A receptor antagonist for PET (2008)

Abstract In psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression and schizophrenia, 5‐HT 2A receptors play an important role. In order to investigate them in vivo there is an increasing interest in selective and high‐affinity radioligands for receptor binding studies using positron emission tomography (PET). Since available radioligands have disadvantages, R91150, which is a selective and high‐affinity ligand for 5‐HT 2A receptors, was labelled with fluorine‐18. This was accomplished in six steps via 4‐[ 18 F]fluorophenol and 1‐(3‐bromopropoxy)‐4‐[ 18 F]fluorobenzene within 190 min starting from no‐carrier‐added [ 18 F]fluoride. The overall radiochemical yield was 3.8±2% and the specific activity was at least 335 GBq/µmol at the end of the synthesis. First ex vivo studies in mice proved the uptake of [ 18 F]R91150 in the brain. Radiometabolite studies revealed no radiometabolites in the brain, whereas in the plasma at least two could be detected 30 min p.i. Further preclinical studies are encouraged to evaluate the potential of this new 5‐HT 2A ligand as a radiotracer for PET. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Stimulation of humoral antibody formation by polyanions. II. The influence of sulfate esters of polymers on the immune response in mice (1971)

Abstract Dextran sulfate enhanced immune response in mice immunized with sheep red blood cells. This stimulation took place only when dextran sulfate was given close to the time of antigen injection. Dextran sulfate injected one day prior or one hour after antigen inoculation was ineffective. The degree of stimulation of immune response by dextran sulfate depends on the polyanion doses and on antigen doses used. Maximum stimulation of immune response could be noticed when 500 μg dextran sulfate was injected one hour prior to inoculation of a suboptimal antigen dose, both dextran sulfate and 2 × 10 6 sheep red blood cells given via the same route intraperitoneally. However, significant stimulation of immune response also took place when dextran sulfate and antigen were given by different routes. Dextran has no effect on immune response, whereas DEAE‐dextran inhibits immune response in mice immunized with suboptimal antigen doses. Results obtained by these experiments clearly demonstrate that the polyanionic structure of polymers is a requirement for their adjuvant activity.
Construction of Janus dendrimers through a self-assembly approach involving chiral discrimination at a focal point (2021)

A strategy to build Janus dendrimers via the chirality-directed self-assembly of heteroleptic Zn(ii) BOX complexes is reported. The method allows quantitative synthesis of Janus dendrimers in situ without the need for purifications. Each dendritic domain of the Janus dendrimers can be recycled upon disassembly at the focal point.
Preparing Early Whole-Mount Drosophila Embryos for Immunostaining (2006)

INTRODUCTIONThe choice of fixation and permeabilization methods for examining flies depends on the stage of development. Early and late embryos are treated with a mixture of organic solvents, formaldehyde, and alcohols. The cuticles of late-stage embryos (17-22 hours or until hatching) are usually opened by sonication, as described here. Tissues from later stages of development are normally dissected by hand and then fixed and stained in a standard paraformaldehyde/detergent combination.
On Formulating a Portfolio of Airspace Infrastructure Investments for NAS Modernization (2005)

Modernization of the National Airspace System (NAS) has in large part been the result of infrastructure investments by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). These investments have typically required large capital expenditures over long periods of time. Given current budget constraints and the uncertain environment characteristic of air transportation, the FAA is increasingly pressed to be more selective in terms of the investments that they make. As part of this effort they must invest in a portfolio of technologies that in combination provide the best return on investment. This problem is akin to what financial investors face when trying to determine the optimal combination of assets in which to invest. In this paper we present a method to determine the optimum portfolio of technology investment given the value of and uncertainty in the expected return, as well as the correlations between technologies in terms of potential synergies. The key insight in portfolio theory is that investors seek to maximize the return relative to the risk and that each individual asset should be thought of in this context rather than in isolation Brealey and Myers, 1996]. This concept is known as “diversification” in the financial literature. Since the variance in the expected performance of a product during the design process characterizes the risk in not meeting that requirement, the covariance between two products relates how the performance of one product affects the performance of another product. For example, the expertise gained in the development of product i may be helpful in developing product j. Thus, some of the benefits of investing in product development i will carry over to product development j. We have previously shown that the optimal investment schedule can be determined for a Real Options-based model of the Product Development process [Abad, Clarke, and Miller, 2004]. Miller and Clarke (2005) have developed a detailed Systems Dynamics model for various air transportation systems. Melconian (2003) has demonstrated the fidelity of the MIT Extensible Air Network Simulation (MEANS) when used as a validation platform for a variety of new technologies. In this paper we combine each of these contributions. The paper is structured as follows. The necessary
Analysis of oral and gut microbiota in children with dental cavities by Ion torrent 16s rRNA sequencing (2021)

The aim of our study is to evaluate the oral microbiome in distinct areas of the mouth of children with dental cavities (specifically the planktonic phase in saliva, the biofilm on the tooth and over the gingival epithelium) and understand whether or not the oral microbiome can be modulated through the use of probiotic Streptococcus Salivarius M18. The oral microbiome is also compared to the intestinal microbiome in order to understand if it exist a link between the two microbial communities and whether the changes in one of the two communities could affect the other.
Self-Assembling Peptides: Implications for Patenting in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering (2011)

In this paper, a comprehensive review of recent patents concerning the molecular self-assembly of peptides, peptide amphiphiles and peptidomimetics into molecules through nanoarchitectures to hydrogels is provided. Their potential applications in the field of drug delivery and tissue engineering have been highlighted. The design rules of this rapidly growing field are centered mainly on the construction of peptides in the form of peptide amphiphiles, aromatic short peptide derivatives, all-amino acid peptide amphiphiles, lipidated peptides with single and multiple alkyl chains and peptide-based block copolymers and polymer peptide conjugates. The interest in patenting of self-assembling peptides is also driven by their type (I, II, III and IV) and their ability to form well-regulated highly-ordered structures such as β-sheets/β-hairpins, α-helices/coiled coils and to hierarchically self-organize into supra-molecular structures. The applicability of these systems in cell culture scaffolds for tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery and as templates for nanofabrication and biomineralization has inspired various groups over the globe. This resulted in development of self-assembling peptides as synthetic replacements of biological tissues, designing materials for specific medical applications, and materials for new applications such as diagnostic technologies. Furthermore, biologically derived and commercially available systems are also discussed herein along with a brief account of various awarded and pending patents in the past 10 years. An overview of the diversity of the patent applications is also provided for self-assembling systems based on nano- and/or micro-scale such as fibers, fibrils, gels, hydrogels, vesicles, particles, micelles, bilayers and scaffolds.