gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of prolonged cyanide and thiocyanate feeding in rats (1979)

Male weaning rats were fed a semipurified diet containing 10% casein; this diet restricted in methionine, vitamin B12, and iodine; or the complete and restricted diets supplemented with either 1500 ppm potassium cyanide or 2240 ppm potassium thiocyanate for 11.5 mo. There were no deaths or clinical signs of toxicity. Cyanide, but not thiocyanate, caused a consistent reduction in weight gain in the complete and restricted groups. Both cyanide and thiocyanate caused decreased thyroid gland activity in young rats, particularly in the restricted groups. Plasma thyroxine concentrations were maintained in the mature cyanide-treated rats, even though secretion rates were decreased. However, the mature thiocyanate-treated animals showed decreased plasma thyroxine concentrations, despite thyroid gland enlargement. Modest primary myelin degeneration in the spinal cord white matter was found in the restricted group and in rats receiving this diet supplemented with either cyanide or thiocyanate. The lesions did not resemble those of a vitamin B12 deficiency in appearance or those of acute cyanide intoxication in distribution. Because of tissue autolysis, it could not be determined whether these changes resulted from histotoxic anoxia or an alteration of oligodendroglial myelin metabolism.
Reliability of the BD GeneOhm Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Assay in Detecting MRSA Isolates with a Variety of Genotypes from the United States and Taiwan (2010)

The BD GeneOhm methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) assay is a molecular screening test for detection of MRSA in nasal colonization. This assay coamplifies the extremity of staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec) and adjacent chromosomal DNA at the SCCmec insertion site. Increasing reports of novel SCCmec types and the diverse genetic backgrounds of MRSA strains prompted us to test the accuracy of the BD GeneOhm MRSA kit with 914 MRSA isolates with a variety of SCCmec types harbored in 21 genetic backgrounds, as determined by the multilocus sequence type (ST). The BD GeneOhm MRSA assay was performed on colony lysates; purified genomic DNA (0.2 pg/μl and 0.2 ng/μl) was tested to confirm negative results from lysates. Of 914 MRSA isolates tested, 911 tested positive (detection rate, 99.7%). The SCCmec types carried by assay-positive isolates were I, II, III, IV, V, V(5C2&5), VI, and VIII and SCCmec composite islands with mec class A and ccr complexes 2 and 4. One of the assay-negative isolates had a community-associated genotype: ST8, SCCmec type IV. However, this was an outlier among the 99.8% (434/435) ST8, SCCmec type IV-containing isolates that tested positive. The two other assay-negative isolates had a health care-associated genotype (ST5); both carried a distinct, uncommon, composite SCCmec type. In summary, the BD GeneOhm MRSA assay had a high rate of detection of MRSA isolates harboring common and uncommon SCCmec types from the United States and Taiwan.
Chasing Aqueous Biphasic Systems from Simple Salts by Exploring the LiTFSI (2018)

Aqueous Biphasic Systems (ABS), in which two aqueous phases with different compositions coexist as separate liquids, have first been reported over a century ago with polymer solutions. Recent observations of ABS forming from concentrated mixtures of inorganic salts and ionic liquids raise the fundamental question of how "different" the components of such mixtures should be for a liquid-liquid phase separation to occur. Here we show that even two monovalent salts sharing a common cation (lithium) but with different anions, namely LiCl and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), may result in the formation of ABSs over a wide range of compositions at room temperature. Using a combination of experimental techniques and molecular simulations, we analyze the coexistence diagram and the mechanism driving the phase separation, arising from the different anion sizes. The understanding and control of ABS may provide new avenues for aqueous-based battery systems.
SCN10A Mutation in a Patient with Erythromelalgia Enhances C-Fiber Activity Dependent Slowing (2016)

Gain-of-function mutations in the tetrodotoxin (TTX) sensitive voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav) Nav1.7 have been identified as a key mechanism underlying chronic pain in inherited erythromelalgia. Mutations in TTX resistant channels, such as Nav1.8 or Nav1.9, were recently connected with inherited chronic pain syndromes. Here, we investigated the effects of the p.M650K mutation in Nav1.8 in a 53 year old patient with erythromelalgia by microneurography and patch-clamp techniques. Recordings of the patient's peripheral nerve fibers showed increased activity dependent slowing (ADS) in CMi and less spontaneous firing compared to a control group of erythromelalgia patients without Nav mutations. To evaluate the impact of the p.M650K mutation on neuronal firing and channel gating, we performed current and voltage-clamp recordings on transfected sensory neurons (DRGs) and neuroblastoma cells. The p.M650K mutation shifted steady-state fast inactivation of Nav1.8 to more hyperpolarized potentials and did not significantly alter any other tested gating behaviors. The AP half-width was significantly broader and the stimulated action potential firing rate was reduced for M650K transfected DRGs compared to WT. We discuss the potential link between enhanced steady state fast inactivation, broader action potential width and the potential physiological consequences.
Using a Collated Cybersecurity Dataset for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (2021)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms can support the span of indicator-level, e.g. anomaly detection, to behavioral level cyber security modeling and inference. This contribution is based on a dataset named BRON which is amalgamated from public threat and vulnerability behavioral sources. We demonstrate how BRON can support prediction of related threat techniques and attack patterns. We also discuss other AI and ML uses of BRON to exploit its behavioral knowledge.
Abstract 59: Extending the Time for Thombolysis in Emergency Neurological Deficits (EXTEND) - High Prevalence of Intracranial Vessel Occlusion in Wake-up-stroke Patients (2016)

Background: EXTEND is an investigator-initiated, randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled Phase III trial of intravenous alteplase vs placebo in patients with ischemic stroke 4.5-9 hours from stroke onset or wake-up-stroke (WUS). The prevalence of intra-cranial vessel occlusion in WUS patients remains to be determined and can guide the development of optimal therapy for this unique group of stroke patients. Objective: To study the prevalence and characteristics of intra-cranial vessel occlusion in this WUS cohort. Methods: Ischemic stroke patients within 4.5-9 hours from stroke onset or with WUS (time of WUS onset defined as the midpoint between time to sleep and awakening with the stroke symptoms) are eligible for enrollment. Criteria for entry into the trial include perfusion-diffusion mismatch using a perfusion threshold of Tmax&gt;6sec and a perfusion:diffusion lesion volume ratio of &gt;1.2. Diffusion lesion volume must be &lt;70mL based on assessment by automated RAPID software. Intra-cranial vessel occlusion was assessed on MR or CT angiogram performed at randomisation and 24 later. Two expert readers assessed these images independently. Results: 97 patients had images with adequate quality, including 63 (65%) in the WUS group with median age of 77.0 yrs (IQR 67.0, 81.0) and NIHSS of 14.0 (9.0, 19.0). 62 of 63 patients (98%) had vessel occlusion with 44.4% involving M1 of the middle cerebral artery, 17.5% M2, 4.8% M3, 25.4% both internal carotid artery (ICA) and M1, 4.8% ICA alone and 3.1% the posterior cerebral artery. The median ischemic core volume was 15.0 ml (6.5, 31.5), Tmax&gt;6 volume 88.5ml (58.0, 122.0), mismatch volume 65.5ml (42.8, 92.0), and ratio of 4.8 (2.5, 8.7). 19 patients (30%) demonstrated recanalization on follow-up imaging. Conclusion: In WUS patients there is a very high rate of intracranial vessel occlusion with relatively large volumes of salvageable penumbral tissue. Intravenous thrombolytic therapy followed by thrombectomy in selected cases may be an appropriate therapeutic option with safety and efficacy remaining to be established in randomized controlled trials.
Number sensitive detection and direct imaging of dipolar coupled magnetic nanoparticles by tunnel magnetoresistive sensors (2009)

The suitability of magnetic tunnel junctions for the detection of magnetic nanoparticles is related to their scalability onto the nanoscale size regime without a significant loss of sensitivity. Elliptically shaped MgO based tunnel magnetoresistance sensors are used to provide a sharp detection of 14 nm Co nanoparticles. The measured signal is related to the degree of coverage of the sensor area by a nanoparticle layer. Moreover, the nanoparticles magnetostatic interaction on the sensor surface is clearly distinguished by the presence of a coercitive field in the detected signal. Experimentally obtained results are compared to theoretical models.
Production of cutinolytic esterase by filamentous bacteria (2000)

Thirty-eight strains of filamentous bacteria, many of which are thermophilic or thermotolerant and commonly found in composts and mouldy fodders, were examined for their ability to produce cutinolytic esterase (cutinase) in culture media supplemented with cutin, suberin or cutin-containing agricultural by-products. Initially, the ability of culture supernatants to hydrolyse the artificial substrate p-nitrophenyl butyrate was determined by spectrophotometric assays. Only one bacterium, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris NRRL B-16117, exhibited cutinolytic esterase production. The enzyme was highly inducible, was repressed by the presence of glucose in the medium and hydrolysed both apple and tomato cutins. Inducers included apple cutin, apple pomace, tomato peel, potato suberin and commercial cork. Unlike similar fungal enzymes, the T. vulgaris cutinolytic esterase was not inducible by cutin hydrolysate. The cutinolytic esterase exhibited a half-life of over 60 min at 70 degrees C and a pH optimum of >/= 11.0. This study indicates that thermophylic filamentous bacteria may be excellent commercial sources of heat-stable cutin-degrading enzymes that can be produced by fermentation of low cost feedstocks.
21-Gene Recurrence Score and Locoregional Recurrence in Node-Positive/ER-Positive Breast Cancer Treated With Chemo-Endocrine Therapy (2017)

RS statistically significantly predicts risk of LRR in node-positive, ER-positive breast cancer patients after adjuvant chemotherapy plus tamoxifen. These findings can help in the selection of appropriate candidates for comprehensive radiotherapy.
ChemInform Abstract: Triphenylphosphine‐Mediated Reaction of Dialkyl Azodicarboxylate with Activated Alkenes Leading to Pyrazolines. (2013)

Abstract Huisgen zwitterions, derived from triphenylphosphine and azodicarboxylates undergo a cycloaddition reaction with activated alkenes to give the pyrazolines.
Polydnaviruses as Symbionts and Gene Delivery Systems (2012)

Textbooks define viruses as infectious agents with nucleic acid genomes (RNA or DNA), which replicate inside living host cells to produce particles (virions) that can transfer the genome to other cells [1], [2]. The Polydnaviridae was recognized as a family of viruses in 1995, and is currently divided into two genera named the Bracovirus and Ichnovirus [3]. Polydnavirus (PDV) virions consist of enveloped nucleocapsids and package multiple circular, double-stranded (ds) DNAs with aggregate sizes that range from 190 to more than 500 kbp [4]. PDVs are also strictly associated with insects called parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera), which are free living nectar feeders as adults but which develop during their immature stages by feeding inside the body of another insect (the host) [3], [4]. Recent studies, however, indicate that PDVs differ from all other known viruses in ways that challenge traditional views of what viruses are and how they function.
Modal baseband response measuring methods for plastic optical fibres (2002)

Modal baseband measuring methods for plastic optical fibres were studied. We compared the frequency response method with pulse response method and confirmed that both agreed. The condition of launching, detector and samples were investigated in order to offer data for standardization.
The wireless segment of enterprise networking (1998)

Changes in the business environment are transforming people's mode of operation and work habits. Many corporate employees spend time away from their assigned wired phones but are still in their offices or other locations of the company. Companies are starting to be aware of the opportunities that mobility offers to increase productivity, provide better customer service, and lead to future cost savings. Thus, companies are increasingly adding mobility solutions to their existing networks and continuously integrate them as seamlessly as possible. The emerging answer is enterprise wireless telephony, which, unlike its public cellular counterpart, is free of air time charges. This article describes the enterprise wireless technologies. We briefly introduce the location system and then focus on communications services with solutions for single- and multilocation enterprise.
Introducing Reactive Carboxyl Side Chains Retains Phase Transition Temperature Sensitivity in N-Isopropylacrylamide Copolymer Gels (2000)

Introduction of significant quantities of functional carboxyl groups into temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) hydrogels without compromising their intrinsic temperature sensitivity has proven difficult. We have overcome this problem by incorporating the newly synthesized 2-carboxyisopropylacrylamide (CIPAAm) monomer, with a side chain structure similar to N-isopropylacrylamide (IPAAm). Hydrogels containing more than 10 mol % CIPAAm exhibit large and sensitive volume phase transitions in response to temperature changes. These volume phase transition temperatures were nearly identical to that seen for IPAAm homopolymer gels. This is in contrast to IPAAm−acrylic acid (AAc) copolymer gels whose phase transition temperatures increase with reduced magnitudes of phase transitions with increasing AAc content. Moreover, volume phase transition temperatures and transition magnitudes for IPAAm−CIPAAm gels were not influenced by solution pH, which significantly influences the IPAAm−AAc gel. These results indicate that IPAAm−CIPAAm gels maintain their hydrophobic aggregation forces without disruption by ionized or hydrogen-bonded carboxyl groups. Because of the common carboxyl functionality and the noted apparent differences between the structures of CIPAAm and AAc monomers, differences in respective gel behaviors were rationalized to result from the structural analogy of CIPAAm's isopropylamide side chain groups with those of IPAAm. We therefore propose that maintaining alignment of isopropylamide side chains within the copolymer facilitates introduction of large amounts of functional groups into IPAAm copolymer gels without loss of phase transition behavior. The new monomer, CIPAAm, should prove useful to introduce functional carboxyl groups into temperature-responsive IPAAm hydrogels while maintaining their intrinsic temperature-sensitive behavior.
Micro Review: Twitter (2009)

Richard Mateosian reviews The Twitter Book by Tim O'Reilly and Sarah Milstein. The book contains solid basic information about all aspects of Twitter and gives context for a large number of pointers.
Optimal sampling strategies for sub-100-nm overlay (1998)

Overlay control is a critical requirement of the lithographic process, and the challenge will be even greater with 0.18- micron technology, where the overlay budget is expected to shrink to 70 nm. Control of overlay is often achieved by modifying the stepping parameters to remove any correctable overlay errors. The estimated value of these parameters depends on the overlay error between the two layers, the model used, and the overlay-sampling plan. Overlay sampling strategies face the following dilemma: plans that sample overlay at the edge of the wafer or field will show atypically large overlay errors, but these plans can result in more accurate estimates of the correctable terms. Therefore when measuring overlay at these extreme points the lithographer needs to recognize that this type of sampling will typically indicate that overlay is substantially worse than it is in the average field. In this paper, a number of different sampling plans that measure 25 points on a wafer were tested. The results obtained from the various plans have been compared to the results obtained from measuring the entire wafer. The data show that the sampling pattern can have a significant effect on the values of the various correctable parameters, and that an inappropriate sampling plan can consume a significant portion of the overlay budget. We have identified several effective sampling patterns, and the improved performance of these plans is attributed to the fact that these patterns achieve greater coverage of the wafer and measure a large number of wafer (or grid) points than the other sampling plans.
Vital-Sign Synchrony as a Marker for Patient Circadian Rhythms in an Intensive Care Unit (2020)

Patient circadian rhythms are often disrupted in an intensive care unit (ICU). This disruption is associated with worsened patient outcomes, thus new methods are needed to quantify patient circadian rhythms.
In situ determination of the compressibility of synthetic pure zircon (ZrSiO4) and the onset of the zircon-reidite phase transition (2004)

We have determined the room-temperature compressibility of pure, synthetic zircon (ZrSiO4). Unit-cell volumes of a powdered sample were determined in situ as a function of pressure up to 27 GPa in a diamond anvil cell (DAC), by using angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Unit-cell volumes were fitted to a Birch-Murnaghan equation of state, resulting in a roomtemperature bulk modulus for the zircon structure, KT0 = 199 ± 1 GPa, and ambient pressure unit-cell volume V0 = 260.89 ± 0.03 Å3, when (∂KT0/∂P)T = K'T0 is fixed at 4. This bulk modulus is over 12% lower than that suggested by earlier measurements using impure, natural zircon sample. In addition, we observed the start of the transformation of zircon to reidite (scheelite-structured ZrSiO4) at a pressure of 19.7 GPa, over 3 GPa lower than previously determined for natural (impure) zircon. Together with compressibility measurements of a trace-element-doped zircon, these observations suggest that impurities affect the phase transition kinetics and compressibility of zircon, and by analogy, perhaps of other silicate minerals.
The Arch in Soil Arching (1985)

Soil arching action or “bin effect” is usually quantified by use of a horizontal differential element whose support derives in part from Rankine theory. In the 1940's, Krynine mathematically proved this incorrect. The present analysis substitutes a catenary arch describing the path of the minor principal stress, which thus is complementary to a structural arch, and dips downward instead of upward if supportive. Soil arching action develops in two stages: The first involves rotation of the principal stresses adjacent to a rough wall and causes horizontal wall pressures to significantly exceed those from classical theory simulating a Ko pressure distribution even in loose backfill soil. The second stage reduces pressures on the lower wall to give a curvilinear distribution typically centered at a height 0.42 times the height of the wall and in close agreement with published data.
Seronegative myasthenic crisis: a multicenter analysis (2022)

Abstract Myasthenic crisis (MC) is a life-threatening condition for patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Seronegative patients represent around 10–15% of MG, but data on outcome of seronegative MCs are lacking. We performed a subgroup analysis of patients who presented with MC with either acetylcholine-receptor-antibody-positive MG (AChR-MG) or seronegative MG between 2006 and 2015 in a retrospective German multicenter study. We identified 15 seronegative MG patients with 17 MCs and 142 AChR-MG with 159 MCs. Seronegative MCs were younger (54.3 ± 14.5 vs 66.5 ± 16.3 years; p = 0.0037), had a higher rate of thymus hyperplasia (29.4% vs 3.1%; p = 0.0009), and were more likely to be female (58.8% vs 37.7%; p = 0.12) compared to AChR-MCs. Time between diagnosis of MG and MC was significantly longer in seronegative patients (8.2 ± 7.6 vs 3.1 ± 4.4 years; p &lt; 0.0001). We found no differences in duration of mechanical ventilation (16.2 ± 15.8 vs 16.5 ± 15.9 days; p = 0.94) and length of stay at intensive care unit (17.6 ± 15.2 vs 17.8 ± 15.4 days; p = 0.96), or in-hospital mortality (11.8% vs. 10.1%; p = 0.69). We conclude that MC in seronegative MG affects younger patients after a longer period of disease, but that crisis treatment efficacy and outcome do not differ compared to AChR-MCs.
Auto bias control technique for optical 16-QAM transmitter with asymmetric bias dithering (2011)

ABC (Auto Bias Control) technique for QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) transmitter is demonstrated. 16-QAM (10G baud) is generated and controlled using a single IQ modulator and asymmetric bias dithering technique. Measured penalty is 0.3 dB.
Human Interface and Control of a Robotic Endoscope Holder Based on an AR Approach (2020)

This paper proposes an augmented reality (AR) system that facilitates surgeons to operate a robotic endoscope holder more intuitively. Through the use of an AR glasses, a surgeon can observe the endoscope view and at the same time perceive the condition of the operation instead of completely isolating from the real world, and thus also increase safety. Further, in this robotic endoscope control system, a surgeon can directly use his/her head movement to control the endoscopic view. Since the head-control approach cannot directly handle the depth of the endoscope, we propose a depth control scheme based on instrument identification. In order that the automatic depth adjustment will not interfere with the MIS operation, the system will first determine whether the surgeon is performing the operation or not. The depth control of the endoscope is allowed to work only when the surgeon is not performing the surgical instrument movement. Practical experiments using a HIWIN 6DOD robotic arm and Epson BT300 AR glasses show that the user can effectively control the movement of the endoscope to complete a tracking task of the surgical instrument.
Pharmacological and acute toxicological comparisons of triflupromazine and chlorpromazine. (1959)

Triflupromazine (TFP) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) exhibited comparable acute toxicities in mice, rats and dogs except following intravenous administration when CPZ was more toxic in mice and less toxic in dogs. In small animals and in in vitro studies measurements of general depressant activity as well as of synergism with or antagonism toward other drugs indicated similar qualitative and quantitative actions for these two phenothiazines. More highly differentiated procedures in rats, monkeys and dogs, however, evidenced the higher potency of TFP as a tranquilizing and antiemetic agent and indicated less likelihood of cardiovascular side actions.