gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective functionalization of prochiral diols via chiral spiroketals: preparation of optically pure 2-substituted 1,3-propanediol derivatives and asymmetric synthesis of chroman ring and side chain of .alpha.-tocopherol (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective functionalization of prochiral diols via chiral spiroketals: preparation of optically pure 2-substituted 1,3-propanediol derivatives and asymmetric synthesis of chroman ring and side chain of .alpha.-tocopherolToshiro Harada, Toshio Hayashiya, Isao Wada, Naoko Iwaake, and Akira OkuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 2, 527–532Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00236a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00236a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views844Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Particle Size Effect on Platinum Dissolution: Considerations for Accelerated Stability Testing of Fuel Cell Catalysts (2020)

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are highly attractive for use in electric vehicles. In PEMFCs, small particle sizes of the Pt catalyst are required to increase Pt utilization, which lower costs and also increase Pt dispersion, which itself minimizes O2 mass transport losses. Reducing the particle size improves both the utilization and dispersion; however, stability of small particle sizes is an issue. Pt dissolution, as one of the major degradation mechanisms of PEMFC catalyst layers, is predicted to depend on the particle size. The particle size cannot be independently varied from loading in commercial Pt/C materials that have been used in numerous studies employing accelerated stability tests (ASTs). Therefore, in the study presented here, the Pt particle diameter was varied from 2 to 10 nm by depositing mass-selected nanoparticles on a flat glassy carbon substrate using magnetron sputtering. This allows exclusive control over particle density (interparticle distance) and particle size, which becomes difficult even with advanced synthetic techniques for applied Pt/C materials. Additionally, effects of the 3D porous support are eliminated. These model systems were subjected to an aggressive AST in order to cause significant Pt dissolution, which was monitored online using the scanning flow cell coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The results uncover a previously overlooked phenomenon: two competing trends in dissolution from (1) particle passivation caused by particle size-dependent shifts on oxophilicity and (2) electrochemically active surface area. Therefore, crucial impacts of the particle size on degradation may be overlooked in a variety of electrochemical studies, which compare catalytic materials. Finally, suggestions are given for improved ASTs for dissolution, which provide insights into the intrinsic stability of Pt nanoparticles toward dissolution.
Measurement of initial conditions of a flying golf ball (2002)

We considered that the flying distance and curve of a golf ball are determined by the initial conditions of a golf ball (five parameters, that is, initial velocity, the elevation of delivery, the angle of left-right deviation, backspin and sidespin) immediately after being hit. The instrument for measuring these parameters simultaneously has been developed, and is characterized by carrying out the measurement of the spin with laser Doppler velocimeters. In this instrument, attention was paid to the fact that the surface velocity of a flying ball is determined by summing the flying velocity and the spin, and to measure the surface velocity of a ball immediately after being hit was aimed at. By using this instrument, the relation of these five parameters with carry was measured.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Einführung in die Warteschlangentheorie (2010)

Warten ist eine meist ungeliebte Erfahrung des täglichen Lebens (vgl. Bild 6-1).
A Quantitative Trait Locus for Normal Variation in Forearm Bone Mineral Density in Pedigreed Baboons Maps to the Ortholog of Human Chromosome 11q (2005)

Baboons share many anatomical, physiological, and developmental characteristics with humans that make them excellent models for human bone maintenance and turnover. We conducted statistical genetic analyses, including a whole-genome linkage screen, of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-acquired measures of areal bone mineral density (aBMD), currently the most reliable single predictor of susceptibility to osteoporotic fracture in humans, from three forearm sites on the radius and ulna of 667 pedigreed baboons. We used a maximum likelihood-based variance decomposition approach to detect and quantify the effects of genes on normal variation in aBMD in the forearm of these baboons and to localize these effects to chromosomal regions. We estimated significant heritability for aBMD at all three sites and found evidence for a quantitative trait locus (QTL) contributing significantly to the genetic effects on this trait in a region of the baboon genome homologous to human chromosome 11q12-13. This first reported genome-wide linkage screen in a nonhuman primate for QTLs affecting forearm aBMD provides important cross-species replication of a QTL found in humans. The concordance of our results in a nonhuman primate with those reported for humans provides strong evidence that a gene (or genes) in this region affects normal variation in BMD.
Efecto del secado de los biosólidos de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales El Salitre (Bogotá) sobre su contenido de nutrientes, metales pesados y patógenos Effect of drying of biosolids from the wastewater treatment plant El Salitre (Bogotá) on the content of nutrients, heavy metals, and pathogens (2006)

Biosolids from the wastewater treat- ment plant El Salitre (Bogota) were conditioned for agricultural or forest use. It was expected that the product would fit within the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established maximum limits for pollu- tion agents and maintain high level of nutrients. Thermal drying treatments at temperatures of 50, 55, 60, 65, and 70 °C were performed. Total coli- form, E. coli and Salmonella content, total nutrients content (N, P, and K), and available heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined before and after each treatment. Drying treatments between 55-70 °C reduced total coliform and E. coli contents till proper forest use levels. Although nutri- ent content was reduced 75-95%, it is still consid- ered as a good fertilizer. The content of available Cu and Zn increased, whereas contents of Cd and Cr were not detected, and contents of some heavy metals (Mn, Ni, and Pb) were reduced. All heavy metals contents were below EPA limits for agricul- tural use. In conclusion, drying treatments could be considered as a valid option to condition El Salitre wastewater sewage biosolids for their forest use.
Regulatory T Cell Therapy of Graft-versus-Host Disease: Advances and Challenges (2021)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Immunomodulation using regulatory T cells (Tregs) offers an exciting option to prevent and/or treat GVHD as these cells naturally function to maintain immune homeostasis, can induce tolerance following HSCT, and have a tissue reparative function. Studies to date have established a clinical safety profile for polyclonal Tregs. Functional enhancement through genetic engineering offers the possibility of improved potency, specificity, and persistence. In this review, we provide the most up to date preclinical and clinical data on Treg cell therapy with a particular focus on GVHD. We discuss the different Treg subtypes and highlight the pharmacological and genetic approaches under investigation to enhance the application of Tregs in allo-HSCT. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges for optimal clinical translation and provide insights as to future directions of the field.
Celluloseless Mutants of certain Acetobacter Species (1957)

Summary: The occurrence has been studied of mutants which did not produce extracellular cellulose in cultures of two strains of Acetobacter acetigenum (NCIB8132, NCIB5346) and one strain of A. xylinum var. africanum (NCIB7029). With about 150 glucose yeast-extract (GYE) medium static cultures of organism NCIB8132, prepared over a period of about one year, cellulose pellicles were produced in each case. In contrast, the loss of cellulose-forming ability and the appearance of diffuse general growth were noted with 6 out of 26 tests made with static cultures in an ethanol yeast-extract (EYE) medium, 3 out of 905 isolates selected from platings of GYE shaken cultures, and 1 out of 3 tests made with EYE shaken cultures. By a ‘mass-plating’ technique it was found that mutants which did not produce cellulose pellicles (‘celluloseless mutants’) were present in cellulose-producing cultures. The two other cultures (NCIB5346, NCIB7029) underwent mutation spontaneously in GYE static cultures on several occasions.
A phase 1 study of the BCL2-targeted deoxyribonucleic acid inhibitor (DNAi) PNT2258 in patients with advanced solid tumors (2013)

PNT2258 was safe and well tolerated at the doses tested up to 150 mg/m(2). Exposure to PNT2258 resulted in clinically manageable decreases in lymphocyte and platelet concentrations.
An Open‐Source First‐Generation Molecular Genetic Map from a Sugarbeet × Table Beet Cross and Its Extension to Physical Mapping (2007)

In sugarbeet ( Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris ), many linkage maps have been constructed, but the availability of markers continues to limit utility of genetic maps in public domain programs. Here a framework genetic map is presented that is expandable and transferable to research programs interested in locating their markers on a consensus map. In its current framework, the primary markers used were amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) that were anchored to Butterfass chromosome‐nomenclature linkage groups using linkage group specific markers validated in other populations. Thus, a common framework has been established that anchors 331 markers, including 23 newly mapped simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, having a combined total of 526.3 cM among the nine beet linkage groups. The source of the mapping population was a sugarbeet × table beet population, and this is the first report of a map constructed with a relatively wide cross in B. vulgaris Segregation distortion was common (22% of loci), particularly extreme for Butterfass Chromosome 5, and predominantly favored the sugarbeet (seed parent) allele. Physical segments of the beet genome that carry mapped markers have been identified, demonstrating that physical and genetic mapping are facile and complementary applications for beet improvement.
Diffusion of Small Molecules in Amorphous Polymers (1977)

Journal Article Diffusion of Small Molecules in Amorphous Polymers Get access W R Vezin, W R Vezin Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A T Florence A T Florence Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 29, Issue Supplement_1, December 1977, Page 44P, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1977.tb11512.x Published: 12 April 2011
Thermodynamics of Aminoglycoside and Acyl-Coenzyme A Binding to the Salmonella enterica AAC(6‘)-Iy Aminoglycoside N-Acetyltransferase (2002)

Kinetic and mechanistic studies on the chromosomally encoded aminoglycoside 6‘-N-acetyltransferase, AAC(6‘)-Iy, of Salmonella enterica that confers resistance toward aminoglycosides have been previously reported [Magnet et al. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 3700−3709]. In the present study, equilibrium binding and the thermodynamic parameters of binding of aminoglycosides and acyl-coenzyme A derivatives to AAC(6‘)-Iy and of two mutants, C109A and the C109A/C70A double mutant, have been studied using fluorescence spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Association constants for different aminoglycosides varied greatly (4 × 104−150 × 104) while the association constants of several acyl-coenzyme A derivatives were similar (3.2 × 104−4.5 × 104). The association constants and van't Hoff enthalpy changes derived from intrinsic protein fluorescence changes were in agreement with independently measured values from isothermal titration calorimetry studies. Binding of both aminoglycosides and acyl-coenzyme A derivatives is strongly enthalpically driven and revealed opposing negative entropy changes, resulting in enthalpy−entropy compensation. The acetyltransferase exhibited a temperature-dependent binding of tobramycin with a negative heat capacity value of 410 cal mol-1 K-1. Isothermal titration studies of acetyl-coenzyme A and tobramycin binding to mutant forms of the enzyme indicated that completely conserved C109 does not play any direct role in the binding of either of the substrates, while C70 is directly involved in aminoglycoside binding. These results are discussed and compared with previous steady-state kinetic studies of the enzyme.
Identification of the tliDEF ABC Transporter Specific for Lipase in Pseudomonas fluorescens SIK W1 (1999)

Pseudomonas fluorescens, a gram-negative psychrotrophic bacterium, secretes a thermostable lipase into the extracellular medium. In our previous study, the lipase of P. fluorescens SIK W1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, but it accumulated as inactive inclusion bodies. Amino acid sequence analysis of the lipase revealed a potential C-terminal targeting sequence recognized by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. The genetic loci around the lipase gene were searched, and a secretory gene was identified. Nucleotide sequencing of an 8.5-kb DNA fragment revealed three components of the ABC transporter, tliD, tliE, and tliF, upstream of the lipase gene, tliA. In addition, genes encoding a protease and a protease inhibitor were located upstream of tliDEF. tliDEF showed high similarity to ABC transporters of Pseudomonas aeruginosa alkaline protease, Erwinia chrysanthemi protease, Serratia marcescens lipase, and Pseudomonas fluorescens CY091 protease. tliDEF and the lipase structural gene in a single operon were sufficient for E. coli cells to secrete the lipase. In addition, E. coli harboring the lipase gene secreted the lipase by complementation of tliDEF in a different plasmid. The ABC transporter of P. fluorescens was optimally functional at 20 and 25 degrees C, while the ABC transporter, aprD, aprE, and aprF, of P. aeruginosa secreted the lipase irrespective of temperature between 20 and 37 degrees C. These results demonstrated that the lipase is secreted by the P. fluorescens SIK W1 ABC transporter, which is organized as an operon with tliA, and that its secretory function is temperature dependent.
An Arabidopsis Mutant Resistant to Thaxtomin A, a Cellulose Synthesis Inhibitor fromStreptomycesSpecies[W] (2003)

Thaxtomin A is a phytotoxin produced by Streptomyces scabies and other Streptomyces species, the causative agents of common scab disease in potato and other taproot crops. At nanomolar concentrations, thaxtomin causes dramatic cell swelling, reduced seedling growth, and inhibition of cellulose synthesis in Arabidopsis. We identified a mutant of Arabidopsis, designated txr1, that exhibits increased resistance to thaxtomin as a result of a decrease in the rate of toxin uptake. The TXR1 gene was identified by map-based cloning and found to encode a novel, small protein with no apparent motifs or organelle-targeting signals. The protein, which has homologs in all fully sequenced eukaryotic genomes, is expressed in all tissues and during all developmental stages analyzed. Microarray transcript profiling of some 14,300 genes revealed two stomatin-like genes that were expressed differentially in the txr1 mutant and the wild type. We propose that TXR1 is a regulator of a transport mechanism.
Biochemistry of Methanogenesis (1992)

Methane is a product of the energy-yielding pathways of the largest and most phylogenetically diverse group in the Archaea. These organisms have evolved three pathways that entail a novel and remarkable biochemistry. All of the pathways have in common a reduction of the methyl group of methyl-coenzyme M (CH3-S-CoM) to CH4. Seminal studies on the CO2-reduction pathway have revealed new cofactors and enzymes that catalyze the reduction of CO2 to the methyl level (CH3-S-CoM) with electrons from H2 or formate. Most of the methane produced in nature originates from the methyl group of acetate. CO dehydrogenase is a key enzyme catalyzing the decarbonylation of acetyl-CoA; the resulting methyl group is transferred to CH3-S-CoM, followed by reduction to methane using electrons derived from oxidation of the carbonyl group to CO2 by the CO dehydrogenase. Some organisms transfer the methyl group of methanol and methylamines to CH3-S-CoM; electrons for reduction of CH3-S-CoM to CH4 are provided by the oxidation of methyl groups to CO2.
Localization for autonomous driving on urban road (2015)

Localization is one of the core techniques of autonomous vehicle. In this paper, we proposed the localization algorithm for autonomous vehicle, and show it is more suitable than the GPS/IMU system.
Ein selektiver Abbau der Exomethylengruppe von Vitamin D. – Ein einfacher Zugang zu 10‐Oxo‐19‐norcholecalciferol und 10‐Oxo‐19‐norergocalciferol (1993)

A Selective Degradation of the Exomethylene Group of Vitamin D. – A Simple Entry to 10‐Oxo‐19‐norcholecalciferol and 10‐Oxo‐19‐norergocalciferol Nitrile oxides, generated in situ from nitroalkanes, add exclusively to the exomethylene group of ( Z )‐ and ( E )‐vitamin D 3 acetates ( 1a , 12a ) and D 2 acetates ( 1b , 12b ). The so generated spirocyclic isoxazoline derivatives are transformed through a Mo(CO) 6 ‐induced fragmentation into (5 Z ,7 E )‐ and (5 E ,7 E )‐(3 S )‐3‐acetoxy‐19‐nor‐9,10‐secocholesta‐5,7‐dien‐10‐one ( 20a , 22a ) as well as (5 Z ,7 E ,22 E )‐ and (5 E ,7 E ,22 E )‐(3 S )‐3‐acetoxy‐19‐nor‐9,10‐secoergosta‐5,7,22‐ trien‐10‐one ( 19a , 21a ). The discribed method allows the synthesis of 19‐nor‐10‐oxo vitamin D derivatives without partial isomerisation of the Δ 5 ‐double bond.
Anthrax: Biology of Bacillus anthracis (2002)

Perhaps no other microorganism has received as much attention for its use as a potential agent for bioterrorism as Bacillus anthracis. In spite of the fact that the organism has been known for a very long time, limited progress has been made in developing a vaccine or understanding its biochemical and genetic properties. The genus Bacillus includes aerobic bacilli forming heat-resistant spores. B. anthracis are the only non-motile and the most pathogenic bacilli in this genus. Pulmonary anthrax can be caused by inhalation of just 10,000 spores of anthrax and is fatal unless treated immediately with antibiotics. Anthrax is actually a disease of herbivorous animals with humans getting infected by spores due to accidental entry into the body by contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products, insect bites, inhalation or ingestion. This lethality is principally due to the polysaccharide capsule that helps the bacterium to evade immune attack and the tripartite toxin that can kill the host depending on the mode of entry of the bacillus into the host and the host’s immune status.
Performance evaluation of ASK phase-diversity lightwave systems (1994)

Phase diversity coherent systems are gaining increasing interest with the increase of the bit rate in optical transmissions. In this work, an accurate approach for the evaluation of the error probability in ASK phase-diversity lightwave systems is presented. The approach is based on a Gaussian quadrature rule integration, which takes into account the exact characterization of the filtered phase noise through its moments. The effects of the laser linewidth on the error probability for hybrid circuits with different number of ports are derived and discussed. Also, the effects of the frequency offset are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Measurement of Prompt D0, Λc+, and Σc0,++(2455) Production in Proton-Proton Collisions at s=13  TeV (2022)

The p_{T}-differential production cross sections of prompt D^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Σ_{c}^{0,++}(2455) charmed hadrons are measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. This is the first measurement of Σ_{c}^{0,++} production in hadronic collisions. Assuming the same production yield for the three Σ_{c}^{0,+,++} isospin states, the baryon-to-meson cross section ratios Σ_{c}^{0,+,++}/D^{0} and Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} are calculated in the transverse momentum (p_{T}) intervals 2<p_{T}<12 and 1<p_{T}<24 GeV/c. Values significantly larger than in e^{+}e^{-} collisions are observed, indicating for the first time that baryon enhancement in hadronic collisions also extends to the Σ_{c}. The feed-down contribution to Λ_{c}^{+} production from Σ_{c}^{0,+,++} is also reported and is found to be larger than in e^{+}e^{-} collisions. The data are compared with predictions from event generators and other phenomenological models, providing a sensitive test of the different charm-hadronization mechanisms implemented in the models.
Introduction (2000)

Novels are in the hands of us all; from the Prime Minister down to the last appointed scullery maid. We have them in our library, our drawing-rooms, our bed-rooms, our kitchens - and in our nurseries.Anthony Trollope, 1870