gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flame and reactive jet studies using a self-consistent two-dimensional hydrocode (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlame and reactive jet studies using a self-consistent two-dimensional hydrocodeWalter W. Jones and Jay P. BorisCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1977, 81, 25, 2532–2534Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100540a034https://doi.org/10.1021/j100540a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Human organic anion transporter MRP4 (ABCC4) is an efflux pump for the purine end metabolite urate with multiple allosteric substrate binding sites (2004)

The end product of human purine metabolism is urate, which is produced primarily in the liver and excreted by the kidney through a well-defined basolateral blood-to-cell uptake step. However, the apical cell-to-urine efflux mechanism is as yet unidentified. Here, we show that the renal apical organic anion efflux transporter human multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4), but not apical MRP2, mediates ATP-dependent urate transport via a positive cooperative mechanism (K(m) of 1.5 +/- 0.3 mM, V(max) of 47 +/- 7 pmol x mg(-1) x min(-1), and Hill coefficient of 1.7 +/- 0.2). In HEK293 cells overexpressing MRP4, intracellular urate levels were lower than in control cells. Urate inhibited methotrexate transport (IC50 of 235 +/- 8 microM) by MRP4, did not affect cAMP transport, whereas cGMP transport was stimulated. Urate shifted cGMP transport by MRP4 from positive cooperativity (K(m) and V(max) value of 180 +/- 20 microM and 58 +/- 4 pmol x mg(-1) x min(-1), respectively, Hill coefficient of 1.4 +/- 0.1) to single binding site kinetics (K(m) and V(max) value of 2.2 +/- 0.9 mM and 280 +/- 50 pmol x mg(-1) x min(-1), respectively). Finally, MRP4 could transport urate simultaneously with cAMP or cGMP. We conclude that human MRP4 is a unidirectional efflux pump for urate with multiple allosteric substrate binding sites. We propose MRP4 as a candidate transporter for urinary urate excretion and suggest that MRP4 may also mediate hepatic export of urate into the circulation, because of its basolateral expression in the liver.
Computing and measuring nonlinear and linear propagation by two independent methods (2014)

Nonlinear effects, caused by propagation of ultrasonic pulses with finite amplitudes, were computed and measured in water in the case of pulses with pressures up to 1.5 MPapp used in diagnostic devices. An electronic transmitter generated high (280 Vpp) and low (47 Vpp) voltages, applied to a plane PZT transducer causing in this way nonlinear and linear propagation effects. The carrier frequency of the pulse was 2 MHz, while its time duration was 2.5 ms. The measurements were carried out by means of a typical calibrated PVDF membrane hydrophone and by an electromagnetic (EM) hydrophone, prepared for this study. The pulse measurements by means of the PVDF hydrophone showed a higher number of spectral components than those by means of the EM hydrophone. This effect was explained by sensitivity characteristics that increased in the PVDF and decreased in the EM hydrophone as a function of frequency. Previously, it was shown that the effective frequency band used in measurements by means of the PVDF hydrophone is situated below the resonance, on the increasing slope of the resonanse curve. The properties of the EM hydrophone were analysed on the basis of the plane wave assumption. A procedure was developed to correct distortions of the pulse spectrum and its pressure measured by PVDF and EM hydrophones. In the first case the maximum peak-to-peak pulse pressure should be decreased by 27%, while in the second case it should be increased by only 0.7%, and by 3% if an additional amplifier was used. The sensitivities of PVDF and EM hydrohones were very different and equal for the frequency of 2MHz to 28 mV/MPa and 0.10 mV/MPa, respectively. The calibration of the EM hydrophone was carried out by means of only two simple: electrical and magnetic independent measurements, although in the EM hydrophone there occured external interferring signals. For the theoretic-numerical detemination of the acoustic fields and their spectra generated in the case of nonlinear and linear propagation the numerical procedure called the WJ Code was applied. It was developed recently by the last-named author of this paper. In calculations absorption in water was taken into account. The critical distance, where distortions caused by nonlinear propagation in water were maximum, was determined by a number of computations of the ultrasonic field as a function of the distance from the transducer. A good agreement between computed results and those measured by two different methods, showing the pulse pressure distribution along the whole beam axis, was confirmed. In this case it was shown that the λ/4 matching layer covering the transducer surface influenced the edge wave radiated by the transducer.
Controlled oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide with novel oxidants in a bulk scale (2012)

In this study, a novel method of graphite chemical exfoliation to create graphene oxide (GO) is reported. Here, new oxidants were examined: a mixture of perchloric and nitric acids and potassium chromate. Furthermore, an effect of oxidation time, temperature of oxidation, and ultrasonication on graphite exfoliation degree was investigated. The obtained GOs were next reduced with glucose, used as a reducing agent. Detailed analysis of the materials indicated that when graphite was oxidized for 24 h at 50 °C, 5-layered graphene was prepared. An effect of sonication process was also examined, and it was found to enhance the exfoliation to bilayer graphene. Furthermore, when time and temperature were increased to 48 h and 100 °C, respectively, graphite was exfoliated to single-layer graphene. Therefore, it is believed that the proposed route can be applied for the preparation of graphene or few-layered graphene with defined number of layers upon the process parameters optimization and in a bulk scale. The materials were characterized with atomic force microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction.
Photopolymerization processes of thick films and in shadow areas: a review for the access to composites (2017)

The state of the art for the access to thick samples by photopolymerization processes as well as some perspectives are provided.
Tethering to the World, Coming Undone (2009)

This chapter examines the role of embodiment in the development of spatial cognition. Using evidence from normally developing children and individuals with Williams syndrome—a rare genetic deficit leading to severe spatial impairment—we argue that, although interactions between the body and world play an interesting role in the development and use of rich spatial representations of the world, these interactions by themselves cannot be a substitute for abstract representations. Indeed, we will argue that real advances in developing spatial cognitive functions require that people become untethered from the physical world—capable of thought that goes beyond our current connections with the world. This kind of thought requires spatial representations that are rich, robust, and amenable to mental manipulation.
Rectification of the Background Potassium Current (2001)

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death. Yet, the mechanisms of VF remain elusive. Pixel-by-pixel spectral analysis of optical signals was carried out in video imaging experiments using a potentiometric dye in the Langendorff-perfused guinea pig heart. Dominant frequencies (peak with maximal power) were distributed throughout the ventricles in clearly demarcated domains. The fastest domain (25 to 32 Hz) was always on the anterior left ventricular (LV) wall and was shown to result from persistent rotor activity. Intermittent block and breakage of wavefronts at specific locations in the periphery of such rotors were responsible for the domain organization. Patch-clamping of ventricular myocytes from the LV and the right ventricle (RV) demonstrated an LV-to-RV drop in the amplitude of the outward component of the background rectifier current (I(B)). Computer simulations suggested that rotor stability in LV resulted from relatively small rectification of I(B) (presumably I(K1)), whereas instability, termination, and wavebreaks in RV were a consequence of strong rectification. This study provides new evidence in the isolated guinea pig heart that a persistent high-frequency rotor in the LV maintains VF, and that spatially distributed gradients in I(K1) density represent a robust ionic mechanism for rotor stabilization and wavefront fragmentation.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE DECREASE IN CONCANAVALIN A-INDUCED COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS IN ACUTE SUPPRESSIVE GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISORDER (1990)

We have recently demonstrated that IL-3 and GM-CSF content in concanavalin A--stimulated splenic cultures was severely depressed for several weeks in mice undergoing an acute graft-vs.-host reaction (GVHR). Several factors contributed to this decrease in CSF levels at different points in the first 10 weeks of GVH. Myeloid lineage cells, both GM-CFU and Mac-1+ cells, increased in the spleen during GVH weeks 3-6, and (125I)-GM-CSF binding by spleen cells increased 10 fold--hence CSF content in supernatants was probably reduced by local consumption during these weeks. During GVH weeks 3-12, levels of all T cells--and of L3T4+ T cells, in particular--were reduced, limiting production of T cell derived lymphokines. Finally, during the first six weeks of GVH, immune suppression was found in cocultures of normal F1 and GVH spleens. Furthermore, during weeks 3-5, nonspecific suppression was found, affecting CSF production not only by normal host spleens but also by parental donor or unrelated spleen cells as well.
Methods and concepts in quantifying resistance to drought, salt and freezing, abiotic stresses that affect plant water status (2006)

The abiotic stresses of drought, salinity and freezing are linked by the fact that they all decrease the availability of water to plant cells. This decreased availability of water is quantified as a decrease in water potential. Plants resist low water potential and related stresses by modifying water uptake and loss to avoid low water potential, accumulating solutes and modifying the properties of cell walls to avoid the dehydration induced by low water potential and using protective proteins and mechanisms to tolerate reduced water content by preventing or repairing cell damage. Salt stress also alters plant ion homeostasis, and under many conditions this may be the predominant factor affecting plant performance. Our emphasis is on experiments that quantify resistance to realistic and reproducible low water potential (drought), salt and freezing stresses while being suitable for genetic studies where a large number of lines must be analyzed. Detailed protocols for the use of polyethylene glycol-infused agar plates to impose low water potential stress, assay of salt tolerance based on root elongation, quantification of freezing tolerance and the use of electrolyte leakage experiments to quantify cellular damage induced by freezing and low water potential are also presented.
Beamforming Experiment of Time-Modulated Array Using Phase Shifter (2021)

Time-modulated array (TMA) has been investigated to achieve ultra-low side lobe pattern. We have proposed a time-modulated array using phase shifters. In this method, a desired pattern can be achieved in a time average procedure by temporally controlling of each element phase. It can be also used to compensate amplitude and phase excitation errors in phased arrays. In this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by experiments using an active phased array.
Quantitative ultrasound assessment of ultrasound therapy in rodent mammary tumors: In vivo and ex vivo results (2013)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a promising means of non-invasive therapy for the treatment of tumors. Monitoring and assessment challenges for HIFU therapy remain, however, and ultrasound is under investigation to accomplish non-invasive treatment feedback. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) was investigated for acute HIFU therapy assessment as well as temperature monitoring in a rat model mammary tumor both in vivo and ex vivo. In the in vivo study, 40 rodent mammary tumors were exposed to focused ultrasound produced by a 1-MHz single-element transducer (f/1.1) at three spatial-peak temporal-average intensity levels (335, 360, and 502 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). Ultrasound assessment scans were performed on each tumor before and again immediately after HIFU exposure using clinical (Ultrasonix L14/5, 3–8 MHz) and small-animal high-frequency (VisualSonics MS-200, 6–14 MHz) ultrasound systems.
Design Strategies for Youth-Focused Pervasive Social Health Games (2013)

Adolescent obesity is an increasing challenge, and pervasive social health games hold much promise for promoting sustained healthy behaviors. Researchers and designers of these systems have many potential theories and existing best practices at their disposal. Our study, grounded in participatory de
A simple algorithm for nearest neighbor search in high dimensions (1997)

The problem of finding the closest point in high-dimensional spaces is common in pattern recognition. Unfortunately, the complexity of most existing search algorithms, such as k-d tree and R-tree, grows exponentially with dimension, making them impractical for dimensionality above 15. In nearly all applications, the closest point is of interest only if it lies within a user-specified distance /spl epsiv/. We present a simple and practical algorithm to efficiently search for the nearest neighbor within Euclidean distance /spl epsiv/. The use of projection search combined with a novel data structure dramatically improves performance in high dimensions. A complexity analysis is presented which helps to automatically determine /spl epsiv/ in structured problems. A comprehensive set of benchmarks clearly shows the superiority of the proposed algorithm for a variety of structured and unstructured search problems. Object recognition is demonstrated as an example application. The simplicity of the algorithm makes it possible to construct an inexpensive hardware search engine which can be 100 times faster than its software equivalent. A C++ implementation of our algorithm is available.
Bispecific Targeting of EGFR and Urokinase Receptor (uPAR) Using Ligand-Targeted Toxins in Solid Tumors (2020)

Ligand-targeted toxins (LTTs) are bioengineered molecules which are composed of a targeting component linked to a toxin that induces cell death once the LTT binds its target. Bispecific targeting allows for the simultaneous targeting of two receptors. In this review, we mostly focus on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a target. We discuss the development and testing of a bispecific LTT targeting EGFR and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) as two attractive targets implicated in tumor growth and in the regulation of the tumor microvasculature in solid tumors. In vitro and mouse xenograft studies have shown that EGFR-targeted bispecific angiotoxin (eBAT) is effective against human solid tumors. Canine studies have shown that eBAT is both safe and effective against canine hemangiosarcoma, which is physiologically similar to human angiosarcoma. Finding the appropriate dosing strategy and sequencing of eBAT administration, in combination with other therapeutics, are among important factors for future directions. Together, the data indicate that eBAT targets cancer stem cells, it may have a role in inhibiting human tumor vasculature, and its bispecific conformation may have a role in reducing toxicity in comparative oncologic trials in dogs.
High cubic phase purity of ELOG cubic GaN on [110] mask‐stripe‐patterned GaAs (001) substrates by MOVPE (2017)

Epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELOG) of c‐GaN films was attempted on the mask‐stripe‐patterned GaAs substrates by MOVPE. Growth features, crystal quality, and generation of hexagonal phase inclusion were investigated as a function of growth time as well as thickness. At a growth temperature of 900 °C and a fill factor of 0.8, smooth sidewalls and top surfaces continued for a longer growth time. This resulted in a large reduction of hexagonal phase inclusion, which was confirmed by X‐ray reciprocal space mapping. To quantify the amount of hexagonal phase inclusion in the ELOG c‐GaN films with large variation in thickness, the effects of GaN X‐ray absorption and of the diffraction geometry were investigated. An amount of hexagonal phase inclusion as low as 3.1% was achieved at a growth time of 30 min (3.5 μm). The amount was found to decrease from 55.5 to 3.1% and 21.1%, when the film thickness increased from 1.4 to 3.5 μm and 12.0 μm, respectively.
The association of a SNP upstream of INSIG2 with Body Mass Index is reproduced in several but not all cohorts (2005)

A SNP upstream of the INSIG2 gene, rs7566605, was recently found to be associated with obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI) by Herbert and colleagues.The association between increased BMI and homozygosity for the minor allele was first observed in data from a genome-wide association scan of 86,604 SNPs in 923 related individuals from the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort.The association was reproduced in four additional cohorts, but was not seen in a fifth cohort.To further assess the general reproducibility of this association, we genotyped rs7566605 in nine large cohorts from eight populations across multiple ethnicities (total n¼ 16,969).We tested this variant for association with BMI in each sample under a recessive model using family-based, population-based, and case-control designs.We observed a significant (p , 0.05) association in five cohorts but saw no association in three other cohorts.There was variability in the strength of association evidence across examination cycles in longitudinal data from unrelated individuals in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort.A combined analysis revealed significant independent validation of this association in both unrelated (p¼0.046) and family-based (p¼ 0.004) samples.The estimated risk conferred by this allele is small, and could easily be masked by small sample size, population stratification, or other confounders.These validation studies suggest that the original association is less likely to be spurious, but the failure to observe an association in every data set suggests that the effect of SNP rs7566605 on BMI may be heterogeneous across population samples.
The real-time producer/consumer paradigm (1993)

A concurrent programming system for constructing hard-real-time afili&tions is '&&ribed. The system is based on a novel semantics of inter-pmeess communication called the real-time producer/consunwr (RTP/C) paradigm. Pmeess interactions are modeled as producer/ consumer systems with a timing constraint on the rate at which the consumer must service the producer. The RTP/C paradigm provides a framework both for meessor-time+iependent amputations and for expressing p reasoning about the reaI-time behavior of programs. A formatmcdel of pmcesor and resourcedkation iausedto determine neeeasary and sufficient conditions for realizing [he RTP/C semantics of a program. 'flte design of an interactive graphics system illustrates the use of the system.
Adapting to a listener with incomplete lexical semantics. (2017)

Speakers involved in a communicative exchange construct aninternal model of their addressees and draw upon the model tocraft utterances that are likely to be understood. In many real-world situations (e.g., when talking to a non-expert, non-nativespeaker, or a child), this process of audience design involvesidentifying gaps in the lexical-semantic knowledge of thelistener and selecting alternative expressions. We examinespeaker adaptation to a listener with incomplete lexicalknowledge in the spatial domain, specifically a failure tocomprehend the basic terms left/right. Experimental andmodeling results provide evidence of rapid adaptation that ismodulated by the availability of alternative spatial terms. Weconsider how our approach relates to recent work incomputational pragmatics, and suggest that adaptation to thelexical knowledge of the addressee is an important butrelatively understudied topic for future research.
Experimental study of non-bonded packed bed active magnetic regenerators with stabilized La(Fe,Mn,Si)13Hy particles (2021)

The aim of this study is to develop more stable magnetocaloric regenerators, made from non-epoxy-bonded La(Fe,Mn,Si)13Hy particles to address the instability issues of conventional regenerators with a first-order phase transition. The stabilized magnetocaloric materials are obtained by increasing the α − Fe content at the expense of a small reduction of the adiabatic temperature change. However, the experimental results show that the non-bonded structure improves the regenerator efficiency and reduces pressure drop, potentially compensating for the reduction of the material’s magnetocaloric effect. Compared to epoxy-bonded regenerators, non-bonded regenerators exhibit a larger temperature span (10.2 K at no load) and specific cooling power (27% improvement at a span of 4 K). Due to the elimination of the epoxy, a lower friction factor and higher packing density are obtained. The long-term mechanical and chemical stabilities are verified by comparing specific heat, effectiveness, and pressure drop before and after a test period of more than one year.