gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF HHV-8 GLYCOPROTEINS gH AND gL IN THE BACULOVIRUS SYSTEM. (1998)

37 Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is implicated in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), classic KS and KS in HIV-negative homosexual men. Studies suggest that the virus may also be associated with other human neoplasms. We have been working towards developing reagents useful in studying HHV-8. Homologs of the HSV glycoproteins gH and gL are present in all herpesviruses. gH and gL form a hetero-oligomeric complex which is essential for virus entry. We chose to express HHV-8 gH and gL in the baculovirus system to generate significant quantities of protein. The gH and gL open reading frames were each amplified by PCR and subcloned into the baculovirus transfer vector pVT-Bac. For gH, only the predicted ectodomain was amplified (to permit secretion). In addition, a 6-His tag was appended to the C-terminus of gH to allow for purification using nickel chromatography. The resulting plasmid constructs were cotransfected with baculovirus DNA into insect cells. Recombinant viruses were plaque purified and the presence of the inserts was confirmed by PCR. Synthetic peptides mimicking gH residues 690-704 and gL residues 153-167 were coupled to KLH and used (separately) to immunize rabbits. To determine whether gH or gL were synthesized by the baculovirus recombinants, infected cell lysates were analyzed by Western blot using the rabbit antisera raised against the synthetic peptides. Bands of the expected size for each protein were readily detected. Supernatants from infected cells were also analyzed by Western blot. Our results indicated that neither gH nor gL was secreted. Finally, insect cells were co-infected with the baculovirus recombinants expressing gH and gL at three different ratios (1:4, 1:1, 4:1). Culture medium and infected cells were harvested separately and analyzed for gH and gL. Both proteins were readily detected in infected cells, but not in the culture medium. In conclusion, antisera raised against the gH and gL synthetic peptides recognize the recombinant proteins produced in baculovirus-infected cells. Contrary to our experience with HSV-1 gH and gL, co-expression of HHV-8 gH and gL in insect cells failed to result in secretion of a gH-gL complex. The anti-peptide sera described here may be useful in the detection of HHV-8 antigens in virus infected cells and the recombinant HHV-8 proteins may be useful for detecting antibodies in KS patients.
Advances in digital topography for characterizing imperfections in protein crystals (2005)

A system which joins digital topography with fine φ-sliced reflection profiling has been developed and applied to cryocrystallography. In this demonstration, fifteen fine φ-sliced reflection profiles with corresponding topographic sequences are evaluated: twelve reflections from a crystal at cryogenic temperatures and three reflections from a room-temperature crystal. The digitally collected data show results comparable with film, albeit at a lower resolution, but are acquired at a substantially higher rate. Additionally, anti-blooming circuitry in the CCD was tested and shown to provide useful data even when pixels were overloaded.
Flexible Superhydrophobic Polymeric Surfaces with Micro‐/Nanohybrid Structures Using Black Silicon (2012)

Abstract A novel way to fabricate flexible superhydrophobic PDMS surfaces using a microfabricated SU‐8 template on black silicon is demonstrated. The SU‐8 mold is fabricated on top of black silicon that has nanoscale features. The static water contact angle is generally 7° larger on PDMS surfaces created on black silicon than on bare silicon, presumably due to the presence of nanoscale bumps. The highest static contact angle of 157° and the lowest contact angle hysteresis of 3° are obtained on molded PDMS surfaces with the cylindrical posts possessing a diameter of 40 µm, spacing distance of 10 µm, and height of greater than 15 µm. The fabrication of superhydrophobic PDMS surfaces by means of black silicon is highly reproducible and may be suitable for many applications. magnified image
Aberrant DNA methylation associated with silencing BNIP3 gene expression in haematopoietic tumours (2005)

Hypoxia is a key factor contributing to the progression of human neoplasias and to the development of resistance to chemotherapy. BNIP3 is a proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 protein family involved in hypoxia-induced cell death. We evaluated the expression and methylation status of BNIP3 gene to better understand the role of epigenetic alteration of its expression in haematopoietic tumours. Methylation of the region around the BNIP3 transcription start site was detected in four acute lymphocytic leukaemia, one multiple myeloma and one Burkitt lymphoma cell lines, and was closely associated with silencing the gene. That expression of BNIP3 was restored by treatment with 5-aza2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), a methyltransferase inhibitor, which confirmed the gene to be epigenetically inactivated by methylation. Notably, re-expression of BNIP3 using 5-aza2-dC also restored hypoxia-mediated cell death in methylated cell lines. Acetylation of histone H3 in the 5' region of the gene, which was assessed using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, correlated directly with gene expression and inversely with DNA methylation. Among primary tumours, methylation of BNIP3 was detected in five of 34 (15%) acute lymphocytic leukaemias, six of 35 (17%) acute myelogenous leukaemias and three of 14 (21%) multiple myelomas. These results suggest that aberrant DNA methylation of the 5' CpG island and histone deacetylation play key roles in silencing BNIP3 expression in haematopoietic tumours.
Effect of operation parameters on temperature rising elution fractionation and crystallization analysis fractionation (2003)

Abstract Crystallization analysis fractionation and temperature rising elution fractionation are two techniques used to estimate the chemical composition distributions of semicrystalline copolymers. This study investigates the cooling rate and cocrystallization effects for both techniques with a series of ethylene/1‐olefin copolymers and their blends. Ideally, both techniques should operate in the vicinity of thermodynamic equilibrium so that crystallization kinetic effects are avoided. The results show that, in fact, crystallization kinetic effects play an important role at the typical cooling rate used with both techniques. Cocrystallization is significant when fast cooling rates are used. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1762–1778, 2003
Neutrophil Function in Elderly Persons Assessed by Flow Cytometry (1996)

It is well known that the immune response declines with senescence and it is suggested that these changes render an individual susceptible to infection, autoimmune phenomena and cancer. Bacterial and viral infections are a major cause of illness and death amongst aged subjects, and once infection is established, the elderly also have a diminished capacity to prevent its spread (1). The cellular and molecular basis for this age-related decline in immunocompetence are still unknown and, possibly, are related to an alteration in cell transduction mechanisms (2).
Architecture for Modular Data Centers (2006)

Several factors are driving high-scale deployments of large data centers built upon commodity components. These commodity clusters are far cheaper than mainframe systems of the past but they bring serious heat and power density issues. Also the high failure rate of the individual components drives significant administrative costs. This proposal outlines an architecture for data center design based upon 20'x8'x8' modules that substantially changes how these systems are acquired, administered, and then later recycled.
Cyclodextrin-Complexation Effects on the Low-Frequency Vibrational Dynamics of Ibuprofen by Combined Inelastic Light and Neutron Scattering Experiments (2013)

The effect of the inclusion into cyclodextrins (CD) cavity on the low-frequency vibrational dynamics of the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen (IBP) is here investigated by using Raman and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments. The differences observed in the frequency regime 0-100 cm(-1) between the vibrational modes of uncomplexed racemic and enantiomeric IBP are discussed on the basis of comparison with the quantum chemical computation results, taking into account the distinct symmetry properties of the molecules involved in the formation of the host-guest complex. Subsequently, the inspection of the same frequency range in the spectra of pure host methyl-β-CD and its IBP-inclusion complexes allows one to identify significant modifications in the vibrational dynamics of the guest molecule after their confinement into CD cavity. The experimental Raman and neutron spectra and the derived Raman coupling function C(R)(ω) show that the complexation process gives rise to a complete amorphization of the drug, as well as to a partial hindering, in the vibrational dynamics of complexes, of the modes between 50 and 150 cm(-1) attributed to CD molecule. The comparison between the Raman and neutron spectra of free and complexed IBP in the energy range of the Boson peak (BP) gives evidence that the dynamics related to this specific vibrational feature is sensitive to complexation phenomena.
Nanowire network–based multifunctional all-optical logic gates (2018)

All-optical nanoscale logic components are highly desired for various applications because light may enable logic functions to be performed extremely quickly without the generation of heat and cross-talk. All-optical computing at nanoscale is therefore a promising alternative but requires the development of a complete toolbox capable of various logic functionalities. We demonstrate nanoscale all-optical switches by exploiting the polarization-dependent light emission property of crossbar InP and AlGaAs nanowire networks. These networks can perform various logic operations, such as AND, OR, NAND, and NOR binary logic functions. Furthermore, on the basis of these logic operations, our networks successfully enable all-optical arithmetic binary calculations, such as <i>n</i>-bit addition, to be conducted. Our results underscore the promise of assembled semiconductor nanowire networks as a building block of on-chip all-optical logic components for future nanophotonics.
Dynamics of tropomyosin studied by denaturation of site-directed mutants (1991)

Three mutants of β‐skeletal tropomyosin were produced by genetic engineering. To test the role of hydrophobic interactions invovled on the dimer formation we performed thermal and urea‐mediated denaturation of these mutants in various solvent conditions. In the light of our results we propose some hypotheses concerning interaction of α‐helices in tropomyosins.
Optimal task ordering for troubleshooting systems faults (2005)

Automated troubleshooting of system faults is an essential element of modern aerospace equipment. The increased efficiency and accuracy helps in dramatically lowering maintenance costs. The Prognostic Health Management (PHM) group at Pratt & Whitney is responsible for developing automated systems for fault detection, isolation, and accommodation for the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) propulsion system. A fundamental question that arises in this context is the following: Given a list of suspected components that have been identified a priori as possible causes for failure symptom(s), what is the optimal troubleshooting task assignment strategy? This paper introduces an approach to optimal task ordering. We show that the correct strategy is to order the tasks based on an easily calculated metric - which we call the mean utility function - that takes into consideration the mean troubleshooting time, or cost, or a combination of the two, depending on what is considered to be most critical. A mathematical proof is given for this. The approach shown in the paper can also be applied, as a troubleshooting strategy, for any other machinery health management system
Effect of Two Models of Portal Hypertension on Splanchnic Organ Blood Flow in the Rat (1985)

Splanchnic organ blood flow and cardiac output were measured by the microsphere method in fasted rats with prehepatic portal hypertension due to portal vein stenosis, in rats with intrahepatic portal hypertension due to bile duct ligation, and in unoperated normal rats. Portal venous pressure was higher in both groups of portal hypertensive rats than in normal rats. Cardiac output was significantly higher in portal hypertensive rats than in normal rats. In rats with portal vein stenosis, splanchnic blood flow was higher than in controls. This increase was caused by increased perfusion of all organs drained by the portal vein, and by increased hepatic arterial blood flow. In rats with bile duct ligation, splanchnic blood flow was not significantly higher than in normal rats: haemoperfusion of all organs contributing to the portal circulation decreased, whereas hepatic arterial blood flow increased. As cardiac output rose similarly, the differences observed between the two types of portal hypertension depend mainly on the difference in distribution of flow within the splanchnic bed.
Synthesis and Biological Characterisation of Targeted Pro‐Apoptotic Peptide (2008)

We report herein the synthesis and in vitro assay of new, multimeric RGD-peptide conjugates for cell-targeted drug delivery. We generated a peptide scaffold comprising two functional domains, one a tumour blood vessel "homing" motif and the other a programmed cell-death-inducing peptide sequence. RGD peptides were selected to direct the molecular conjugate to alpha(V)beta(3) integrin-containing tumour cells. The pro-apoptotic (Lys-Leu-Ala-Lys-Leu-Ala-Lys)(2) peptide was found to be nontoxic outside cells, but toxic when internalized into targeted cells as it disrupted the mitochondrial membrane. The synthesis of these targeted pro-apoptotic conjugates was carried out by assembling three different units (that is, scaffold, RGD units and pro-apoptotic peptide) through chemoselective ligations. We show that one compound displays significant biological effect in alpha(V)beta(3) integrin-containing tumour cells.
Overexpression of a synthetic phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase gene inhibits normal and transformed cell growth (1992)

We studied the level of the cytosolic phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase (PTPase) (originally termed low-M(r) acid phosphatase) in normal NIH/3T3 and in v-erbB-transformed fibroblasts. The level of the enzyme, assayed by ELISA, was inversely related to cell proliferation, normally growing cells had less enzyme than their contact-inhibited counterparts and v-erbB transformants had less enzyme than normal NIH/3T3. In order to overexpress the enzyme and study its effects in normal and transformed cells, we transfected a synthetic gene coding for the PTPase in control NIH/3T3 and v-erbB transformants. The overexpressed enzyme was recognized by antibodies raised against the native enzyme and, in cells overexpressing the PTPase, we observed a marked dephosphorylation of tyrosyl residues of cellular proteins. Cell proliferation, in both normal and v-erbB transformants overexpressing the PTPase, was measured. We observed that PTPase overexpression was accompanied by significantly reduced thymidine incorporation in both cell types, either serum-starved or serum-stimulated. The ability of transformed v-erbB cells to grow in soft agar was also markedly decreased by overexpression of the enzyme. Taken together, our results indicate that overexpression of PTPase might interfere with mitogenic signalling pathways in both normal and transformed cells, and propose a role for PTPase in the control of cell proliferation.
Gigabit-density magnetic recording (1993)

A tutorial on the principles of magnetic recording is given. The enormous rate of areal density increase for the past thirty years as well as the principal technological changes behind such sustained progress are outlined. The general issues involved in gigabit-density recording and the features that are common to both IBM'S and Hitachi's gigabit efforts are explored. The principal recording components, namely, the recording head and the medium, are considered, focusing on the problems encountered in designing, optimizing, and realizing them for gigabit-density applications. The performance of gigabit recording configurations from both IBM and Hitachi is reviewed. The performance limitations of these gigabit configurations and the prospects for further areal density extensions in magnetic recording are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Performance assessment of inductive power transfer for railway applications (2015)

Inductive power transfer (IPT) is used to transfer the power over relatively large air gap using the resonant phenomena. The use of IPT in the railway transportations enhances the system performance in terms of reducing the on board energy requirements, minimizing the visual pollution, and reducing the infrastructure. The main challenge in IPT is to transfer efficiently the power from the primary coil in the track to the secondary coil on the vehicles through the air. The presence of the air gap in the system will cause the efficiency to decrease. In this paper, the performance of IPT for railway applications is assessed. The presented concept is validated through analysis and practical implementation. The practical implementation has been conducted at a rated voltage of 100V DC at 50kHz and input power of 80W. The maximum achieved efficiency is 87% at 1cm air gap for the loosely coupled IPT.
The Resolved Mutual Information Function as a Structural Fingerprint of Biomolecular Sequences for Interpretable Machine Learning Classifiers (2021)

In the present article we propose the application of variants of the mutual information function as characteristic fingerprints of biomolecular sequences for classification analysis. In particular, we consider the resolved mutual information functions based on Shannon-, Rényi-, and Tsallis-entropy. In combination with interpretable machine learning classifier models based on generalized learning vector quantization, a powerful methodology for sequence classification is achieved which allows substantial knowledge extraction in addition to the high classification ability due to the model-inherent robustness. Any potential (slightly) inferior performance of the used classifier is compensated by the additional knowledge provided by interpretable models. This knowledge may assist the user in the analysis and understanding of the used data and considered task. After theoretical justification of the concepts, we demonstrate the approach for various example data sets covering different areas in biomolecular sequence analysis.
A Study on the Priority Analysis of Supplying U-city Service in the Western Part of KyungNam (2011)

This study deals with the priority issues in u-Cities and their services in the western district of KyongNam. To draw the priority in the target regions for the u-City and its services, literature review, discussion and extensive survey have been performed for u-City experts including 52 professors in academia, 35 researchers, 12 IT engineers in charge of tele-communication facilities in apartment complex in the province, 91 state and city officers. The conclusions are as follows. First, regional priorities among cities and states designated as u-City were analyzed. The pairwise comparison between each areas was used to determine the relative priorities. The reason why an area needs to be designated as u-City and the potentiality of the area were considered as weighting attributes in the analysis. The composite weights were calculated by matrix multiplication of weighting attributes and relative priorities in order to determine the regional priorities among cities and states designated as u-City in the western district of KyongNam. The top regional priority is Sa Cheon City and the next are as following: Nam Hae Province, Ha Dong Province, Keo Chang Province, San Chung Province and Ham Yang Province. Second, priorities in prerequisites for being designated as u-City were analyzed. The pairwise comparison between each areas was used to determine the relative priorities. The composite weights were calculated by matrix multiplication of weighting attributes and relative priorities in order to determine the priorities in designating u-City in the western district of KyongNam. From the analysis, the top prioritiy is in the willingness of the city mayor or governor and the next is Firm in legal system, expansion of budget, expansion in private fund, IT education for community, formation of sympathy. Third, priorities in u-City services were analyzed. It was found from the analysis that the top priority is in the job opportunity and the next services are education, security, health, tourism, commerce, environment, symbolic industry, prevention of disaster. The most significant in u-City services should be to provide information for job and education service. It was found from the above analysis that the top priority city for u-City is Sa Cheon. It means that there is a sympathy in understanding that urban area should be designated as u-City firstly.
Submillimetric target-registration error using a novel, non-invasive fiducial system for image-guided otologic surgery (2004)

Using a novel, non-invasive fiducial system (the EarMark), submillimetric accuracy was repeatably achieved. This system will facilitate image-guided otologic surgery.
Separation of Racemic Chiral Drugs Using Immobilized CHIRALPAK IA: Methodology for Preparative Scale Development (2009)

Abstract Immobilized stationary phases represent a new perspective for analytical as well as preparative scale separation of chiral species. In this study, the basic data necessary for further development of the production-scale processes using CHIRALPAK IA columns were acquired. The new immobilized chiral stationary phase CHIRALPAK IA has proven to be useful for the chiral separations of propranolol, metoprolol, guaifenesin, and α-Tetralol enantiomers. A broad range of standard and non-standard solvents used as components of mobile phases were tested and their influence on the separations was evaluated. A satisfactory separation considering further utilization of simulated moving bed chromatography was found for propranolol, guaifenesin, and α-tetralol using the following mobile phases n-Heptane/methanol/ethanolamine (05/95/0.1, v/v/v), n-Heptane/ethanol (85/15, v/v) and n-Heptane/DCM (85/15, v/v), respectively. Inverse size exclusion chromatography was implemented to measure the porosity of the column using the set of polystyrene standards. The multicomponent adsorption equilibrium was characterized by linear + Langmuir model for α-Tetralol and linear model for propranolol and guaifenesin due to their limited solubility in selected mobile phases. The isotherm model was successfully validated by comparison of pulse profiles obtained by solving the mathematical model and those obtained experimentally.
DRUGS TO TREAT PAIN (1974)

The choice of analgesic is based on the cause, intensity, and probable duration of pain. Successful analgesia depends on knowing the patient and knowing the pharmacological actions, side effects, dependency potential, and interactions with other drugs of every medication administered.