gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New approach to osteopenia in phenylketonuric patients (2002)

Aim: To study bone mineralization in a group of phenylketonuric patients and to search for a possible relationship between bone mineral density, dietary control, serum minerals and nutrition intake. The response to treatment with low-dose 1.25-(OH)2 vitamin D in patients with osteopenia was evaluated. Methods: Twenty-eight phenylketonuric patients (age range: 10–33 y) on dietary treatment were investigated. Bone density at the lumbar spine (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry), bone formation markers (osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase), serum minerals, index of dietary control and protein, vitamin D and mineral intakes were determined. Results: Of the patients studied, 78.6% had good dietary compliance (462 ± 89 μmol/L). Mean protein, vitamin D and mineral intakes met the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs). Nevertheless, 8 patients had calcium intakes lower than 1000 g/d, and a positive correlation between Z-score and calcium (r= 0.585; p= 0.002) or phosphorus intake (r= 0.546; p= 0.005) was observed. Osteopenia was detected in 14 patients (50%). Moreover, bone alkaline phosphatase in phenylketonuric patients older than 18 y of age was significantly lower than that in controls (p > 0.0001). No correlation was found between bone mineral density, age, serum minerals, bone formation markers or index of dietary control. Treatment with 0.25 μg/d calcitriol significantly increased bone density in 6 patients. Conclusion: A defect in bone mineralization was detected in 50% of patients in our series. The correct amount of formula intake seems to be necessary for bone mineralization in phenylketonuric patients. Calcitriol can be a useful treatment for these patients, although more studies are needed to confirm these results. Hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria need to be carefully monitored.
Flexural properties of fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites with and without a transcrystalline layer (1999)

The flexural properties of isotactic polypropylene (PP) matrix composites reinforced with 5–30 vol% of unidirectional pitch-based carbon, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon, e-glass or aramid fibers were measured using both static and dynamic test methods. Previous research has shown that these pitch-based carbon and aramid fibers are capable of densely nucleating PP crystals at the fiber surface, leading to the growth of an oriented interphase termed a “transcrystalline layer” (TCL), while the e-glass and PAN-based carbon fibers show no nucleating ability. The PP matrices examined included unmodified homopolymers, nucleated homopolymers and PP grafted with maleic anhydride (MA). The composites based on the unmodified PP homopolymers all exhibited poor fiber/matrix adhesion, regardless of fiber type and presence or absence of a TCL. The addition of nucleating agent to the PP matrix had no measurable effect on either the amount of TCL material in pitch-based carbon-fiber-reinforced composites, as measured by wide-angle X-ray scattering, WAXS, or the static flexural properties of the composites reinforced with either type of carbon fiber. However, MA grafting reduced the transcrystalline fraction of the matrix in pitch-based carbon-fiber-reinforced composites; at the highest level of MA grafting, the TCL was completely suppressed. In addition, high levels of MA grafting improved the transverse flexural modulus of the composites containing both types of carbon fibers, and reduced the extent of fiber pull-out, indicating an improvement in fiber/matrix adhesion. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supplementary Data from Multifunctional Effects of a Small-Molecule STAT3 Inhibitor on NASH and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice (2023)

Supplementary Data from Multifunctional Effects of a Small-Molecule STAT3 Inhibitor on NASH and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice
Simulation and Optimization of HPC Job Allocation for Jointly Reducing Communication and Cooling Costs. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Pinning Centers Induced in YBCO Films by Nano-Dots in Substrate Decoration and Quasi-Superlattice Approaches (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> For power applications of superconducting films, the critical current density <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(J_{c})$</tex> </formula> and the thickness of the film <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(d)$</tex></formula> should be as high as possible. Since <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$J_{c}$</tex></formula> decreases with both thickness and magnetic field, artificial pinning centers in addition to natural ones are required to keep <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$J_{c}$</tex> </formula> high. The earliest cost-effective method used for introducing artificial pinning centers was the so-called substrate decoration, i.e., growing nanoscale islands (nano-dots) of certain materials on the substrate prior to the deposition of the superconducting thin film. Later on other two approaches proved to be successful: building up a layered distribution of a second phase using a multilayer deposition (quasi-superlattices) and distributing a secondary phase in the film from a compositionally changed target. Several materials have been used for the creation of artificial pinning centers. Here we report on the artificial pinning centers induced in YBCO thick films by substrate decoration and quasi-superlattice approaches using nano-dots of Ag, Au, Pd or non-superconducting YBCO. The cross-sectional AFM images show evidence of c-axis correlated columnar defects. These defects significantly contribute to the pinning of magnetic flux and increase critical current in the films. </para>
A low-impedance, high-voltage direct drive transformer system (2003)

The basic design for a 1000 kV, repetition-rated direct-drive transformer system is presented, and solutions to the problems of high magnetic coupling and minimum droop characteristics are proposed. It is shown that air and partial-core transformers can be adapted to multimicrosecond, direct-drive applications where output voltages up to at least 1 MV are required. To achieve adequate coupling, these transformers must operate within winding stresses between 0.5 and 1 MV/cm. Experiments have shown that film-insulated spiral windings can withstand these stress levels when they are impregnated with a high-dielectric-constant liquid such as ethylene glycol.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transgenerational Actions of Environmental Compounds on Reproductive Disease and Identification of Epigenetic Biomarkers of Ancestral Exposures (2012)

Environmental factors during fetal development can induce a permanent epigenetic change in the germ line (sperm) that then transmits epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult-onset disease in the absence of any subsequent exposure. The epigenetic transgenerational actions of various environmental compounds and relevant mixtures were investigated with the use of a pesticide mixture (permethrin and insect repellant DEET), a plastic mixture (bisphenol A and phthalates), dioxin (TCDD) and a hydrocarbon mixture (jet fuel, JP8). After transient exposure of F0 gestating female rats during the period of embryonic gonadal sex determination, the subsequent F1-F3 generations were obtained in the absence of any environmental exposure. The effects on the F1, F2 and F3 generations pubertal onset and gonadal function were assessed. The plastics, dioxin and jet fuel were found to promote early-onset female puberty transgenerationally (F3 generation). Spermatogenic cell apoptosis was affected transgenerationally. Ovarian primordial follicle pool size was significantly decreased with all treatments transgenerationally. Differential DNA methylation of the F3 generation sperm promoter epigenome was examined. Differential DNA methylation regions (DMR) were identified in the sperm of all exposure lineage males and found to be consistent within a specific exposure lineage, but different between the exposures. Several genomic features of the DMR, such as low density CpG content, were identified. Exposure-specific epigenetic biomarkers were identified that may allow for the assessment of ancestral environmental exposures associated with adult onset disease.
A Convenient Synthesis Of 4-Substituted-5-nitroimidazole Building Blocks (1990)

Abstract The nitration of 1,2-dimethylimidazoles bearing at the C4 position a chain with a tertiary alcohol or a terminal alkene gives rise to 5-nitroimidazoles in which the side chains are converted in β-nitroalcohols. These compounds treated with base to splitt off nitromethane anion afford ketones. This represents a preparatively useful and convenient route to new 4-substituted 5-nitroimidazoles.
Thermodynamics of transfer ribonucleic acids: The effect of sodium on the thermal unfolding of yeast tRNAPhe (1978)

Abstract The thermal unfolding of yeast phenylalanine‐specific tRNA (tRNA Phe ) has been calorimetrically investigated at several salt concentrations in the absence of magnesium. Application of the deconvolution theory of macromolecular conformational transitions allows calculation of the thermodynamic parameters of unfolding. It is demonstrated that the unfolding of tRNA Phe occurs in a sequential fashion and that four separate transitions or five macromolecular thermodynamic states exist in the temperature range 8–72°C under the experimental conditions of these studies (0.067–0.52 M Na + ). The enthalpy and entropy changes between states and the relative population of each state as a function of temperature and salt concentration have been obtained. Sodium stabilizes the low‐temperature conformations of tRNA Phe . The increase in the melting temperatures of each transition is shown to be linearly dependent on the logarithm of sodium concentration. These results allow calculation of the “phase” diagram for the transitions as a function of salt concentration.
Multi-Pinned-Phase Charge-Coupled Device (1990)

Multi-pinned-phase (MPP) technology allows charge-coupled device (CCD) to operate totally inverted during both integration and readout while maintaining other performance characteristics. MPP-CCD made with positive doping implants defining barrier phases. When all phases biased together into inversion, dark current reduced, and potential of charge-collecting wells is difference between potentials of barrier and collection phases. Advantages include complete elimination of residual image effects during integration and readout, low pixel nonuniformity, and increase in quantum efficiency in near infrared because higher operating temperatures used. More tolerant to ionizing radiation environments.
Diagnosis and treatment of moccasin-type/hyperkeratotic tinea pedis (2021)

CASE: A man in his 70s was referred to infectious diseases for evaluation of a clinically unresponsive fungal infection. Eight months ago, the patient noticed bilateral erythematous papules and patches on both feet with associated desquamation that worsened over time. His past medical history was non-contributory. Previous treatments included topical ciclopirox, oral fluconazole, oral terbinafine, and a combination of oral terbinafine and topical ciclopirox with no clinical improvement. Itraconazole had been prescribed by his dermatologist: 200mg twice daily for seven days, three weeks off, followed by a repeat course for seven days. The patient noted some improvement but after discontinuation the skin lesions recurred. At this point, the patient was referred to infectious disease, where itraconazole was reinitiated at 300mg twice daily for 6 weeks with resolution of the lesions.
Mapping in unknown graph-like worlds (1996)

We consider the problem of constructing a map of an unknown environment by an autonomous agent such as a mobile robot. Because accurate positional information is often difficult to ensure, we consider the problem of exploration in the absence of metric (positional) information. Worlds are represented by graphs (not necessarily planar) consisting of a fixed number of discrete places linked by bidirectional paths. We assume the robot can consistently enumerate the edges leaving a vertex (that is, it can assign a cyclic ordering). A mobile robot is assigned the task of creating a topological map, i.e. a graph-like representation of the places in the world and their connectivity, by moving from place to place along the paths it encounters. It can detect edges and count them, but cannot directly sense the labels associated with a place or an edge. In principle, this type of representation could be used for non-spatial environments such as computer networks. We present an approach to the exploration of unknown environments for which local sensing information alone is insufficient to distinguish distinct places, based simply on the structure of the world itself. Places are identified by a non-unique signature and by using a collection of such non-unique local signatures, an extended signature may be constructed that determines the robot's position (although in certain “degenerate” worlds additional information is required). We describe the “exploration tree” as a representation of a collection of alternative descriptions of the environment. In addition, heuristics are presented that can accelerate the search for the correct world model. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimal Loading For Power In Older Men (2009)

Power is the most important physical attribute affecting independence and falls in older veterans. Due in part to our published data comparing the knee and ankle, we hypothesized that different loads would be required to maximize power development for different movements/muscle groups. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to examine if different resistance training exercises would generate maximal power at different optimal loads due to differences in physiological and/or biomechanical properties. METHODS: Sixteen men, aged 80.5±4.4 yrs, participated in a five-day protocol. There were two days each of maximal strength-testing and power-testing, using six pneumatic machines. Power tests were performed at 20-80% of the patients' maximal load for each machine. This allowed us to determine if particular exercises required different optimal loads to maximize power due to the biomechanical and physiological differences among the joints and muscle groups targeted. RESULTS: Our results showed the optimal loads that elicited peak power varied in specific patterns that were determined by the number of joints involved, the nature of those joints, and the volume of the associated musculature. The lowest loading patterns were for the triceps pushdown (30-50% 1RM) and biceps curls (40% 1RM). Both exercises use joints designed for velocity, rather than strength, due to their longer lever systems and smaller musculature. The long lever system at the knee with its larger muscle groups, developed power at the next highest load of 50% 1RM. This was similar to the optimal loads for the chest press and row, both multi-joint movements, which produced their highest power at 50% 1RM. Finally, heel raise produced it highest power at 60% 1RM, as we expected, given the fact that the ankle joint is a short lever designed for force production rather than speed of movement. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the "one-size-fits-all" pattern of loading, currently used by most physical therapy and fitness facilities, does not provide optimal loading for power development. When power training is not maximized, its efficiency and effectiveness are reduced and the physical benefits to the patient are proportionally decreased.
<title>Were optical projections used in early Renaissance painting? A geometric image analysis of Jan van Eyck's "Arnolfini Portrait" and Robert Campin's "Merode Altarpiece"</title> (2004)

It has recently been claimed that some painters in the early Renaissance employed optical devices, specifically concave mirrors, to project images onto their canvas or other support (paper, oak panel, etc.) which they then traced or painted over. In this way, according to the theory, artists achieved their newfound heightened realism. We apply geometric image analysis to the parts of two paintings specifically adduced as evidence supporting this bold theory: the splendid, meticulous chandelier in Jan van Eyck's “Portrait of Arnolfini and his wife,” and the trellis in the right panel of Robert Campin's “Merode Altarpiece.” It has further been claimed that this trellis is the earliest surviving image captured using the projection of any optical device - a claim that, if correct, would have profound import for the histories of art, science and optical technology. Our analyses show that the Arnolfini chandelier fails standard tests of perspective coherence that would indicate an optical projection. Or more specifically, for the physical Arnolfini chandelier to be consistent with an optical projection, that chandelier would have to be implausibly irregular, as judged in comparison to surviving chandeliers and candelabras from the same 15th-century European schools. We find that had Campin painted the trellis using projections, he would have performed an extraordinarily precise and complex procedure using the most sophisticated optical system of his day (for which there is no documentary evidence), a conclusion supported by an attempted “re-enactment.” We provide a far more simple, parsimonious and plausible explanation, which we demonstrate by a simple experiment. Our analyses lead us to reject the optical projection theory for these paintings, a conclusion that comports with the vast scholarly consensus on Renaissance working methods and the lack of documentary evidence for optical projections onto a screen.
Synthesis and in vitro anti‐HIV Activity of Certain 2‐(1H‐Benzimidazol‐2‐ylamino)pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐ones and Related Derivatives (1997)

In an ongoing effort to develop novel non-nucleoside human immunodeficiency virus inhibitors, a series of substituted 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones and related derivatives were synthesized via cyclocondensation of 2-ganidino-1H-benzimidazole with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate, substituted diethyl malonates, some beta-keto esters and 2-acetylbutyrolactone. From these series of compounds, 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylamino)-6-hydroxy-5-phenylpyrimidin -4(3H)-ones (5f, NSC 666286) was confirmed to have a moderate in vitro anti-HIV activity.
Fabrication and Magnetic Properties of Fe, Co and Ni Nanotube Arrays (2016)

One-dimensional Fe, Co, Ni nanotube arrays ware fabricated successfully by the electrochemical deposit in porous anodic alumina oxide (AAO) templates. The microstructure of nanotubes were observed by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM) respectively. The obtained Fe, Co, Ni nanotubes are arranged orderly. The magnetic property of nanotubes was measured and analyzed. The results show that the residual magnetization of Ni nanotubes is the biggest, and that of Fe nanotubes is the smallest. It is easy to be magnetized along the axial direction.
Classification of the Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium: Legionella pneumophila, genus novum, species nova, of the Family Legionellaceae, familia nova (1979)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) relatedness was used to classify strains of the Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium. These DNA comparisons showed that all strains of the LD bacterium were members of the same species. Included were strains isolated from the environment and strains with three different O-antigens. The DNA from the LD bacterium was not significantly related to DNA from any other group of bacteria that was tested. Biochemical data, growth characteristics, and guanine-plus-cytosine ratios were used to rule out the possibility that the LD bacterium was significantly related to members of genera whose DNA was not tested. In view of these data we propose that the LD bacterium be named Legionella pneumophila species nova, the type species of Legionella, genus novum. The type strain of L. pneumophila is Philadelphia 1.
[n]Staffanes: the parent hydrocarbons (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT[n]Staffanes: the parent hydrocarbonsGudipati S. Murthy, Karin Hassenruck, Vincent M. Lynch, and Josef MichlCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 18, 7262–7264Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00200a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00200a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Facial interaction between animated 3D face robot and human beings (2002)

We study the realization of a realistic human-like response of an animated 3D face robot in communicative interaction with human beings. The face robot can produce human-like facial expressions and recognize human facial expressions using facial image data obtained by a CCD camera mounted inside the left eyeball. We developed the real time machine recognition of facial expressions by using a layered neural network and achieved a high correct recognition ratio of 85% with respect to 6 typical facial expressions of 15 subjects in 55 ms. We also developed a new small-size actuator for display of facial expressions on the face robot, giving the same speed in dynamic facial expressions as in human even in the case of a high-speed expression of "surprise". For facial interactive communication between the face robot and human beings, we integrated these two technologies to produce the facial expression in respond to the recognition result of the human facial expression in real time. This implies a high technological potential for the animated face robot to undertake interactive communication with human when an artificial emotion being implemented.