gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal threshold estimator of a prognostic marker by maximizing a time-dependent expected utility function for a patient-centered stratified medicine (2016)

Defining thresholds of prognostic markers is essential for stratified medicine. Such thresholds are mostly estimated from purely statistical measures regardless of patient preferences potentially leading to unacceptable medical decisions. Quality-Adjusted Life-Years are a widely used preferences-based measure of health outcomes. We develop a time-dependent Quality-Adjusted Life-Years-based expected utility function for censored data that should be maximized to estimate an optimal threshold. We performed a simulation study to compare estimated thresholds when using the proposed expected utility approach and purely statistical estimators. Two applications illustrate the usefulness of the proposed methodology which was implemented in the R package ROCt ( www.divat.fr ). First, by reanalysing data of a randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of prednisone vs. placebo in patients with chronic liver cirrhosis, we demonstrate the utility of treating patients with a prothrombin level higher than 89%. Second, we reanalyze the data of an observational cohort of kidney transplant recipients: we conclude to the uselessness of the Kidney Transplant Failure Score to adapt the frequency of clinical visits. Applying such a patient-centered methodology may improve future transfer of novel prognostic scoring systems or markers in clinical practice.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE MECHANICAL AND BARRIER CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYIMIDE NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS FILLED WITH NANOPARTICLES OF (2011)

Polyimide (PI) films based on poly(pyromellitic dianhydride-co-4,4′-oxydianiline) (PI-PM) were filled with different nanoparticles, such as organically modified montmorillonite (MMT), vapor-grown carbon nanofibers (VGCF), and silicate nanotubes (SNT) of different concentration.. Rheological measurements and structural investigations showed a relatively good dispersion of the nanoparticles in the PI matrix to an extent that depended on the type and morphology of the nanoparticles used. The mechanical (tensile modulus, strength, and deformation at break) and the barrier (oxygen permeability) properties of PI-PM nanocomposite films were investigated. The polyimide nanocomposites filled with SNT and tubular VGCF nanoparticles showed an increased tensile modulus with increasing volume concentration of the nanoparticles without a catastrophic decrease in the elongation at break. In addition, the MMT particles, chemically modified with 4,4'-bis-(4′′aminophenoxy)diphenylsulfone, significantly improved the barrier properties of the PI-PM films, which exceeded those of the nanocomposites filled with VGCF or SNT. The relative poor oxygen barrier and mechanical properties of the PI-PM/VGCF nanocomposite films are ascribed to the relative weak adhesion between the VGCF and the polyimide matrix, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surface of these films.
The realization of input-output maps using bialgebras (1992)

We use the theory of bialgebras to provide the algebraic background for state space realization theorems for input-output maps of control systems.This allows us to consider from a common viewpoint classical results about formal state space realizations of nonlinear systems and more recent results involving analysis related to families of trees.If H is a bialgebra, we say that p ∈ H * is differentially produced by the algebra R with the augmentation ǫ if there is right H-module algebra structure on R and there exists f ∈ R satisfying p(h) = ǫ(f • h).We characterize those p ∈ H * which are differentially produced.
Size of the unstable CTG repeat sequence in relation to phenotype and parental transmission in myotonic dystrophy. (1993)

A clinical and molecular analysis of 439 individuals affected with myotonic dystrophy, from 101 kindreds, has shown that the size of the unstable CTG repeat detected in nearly all cases of myotonic dystrophy is related both to age at onset of the disorder and to the severity of the phenotype. The largest repeat sizes (1.5-6.0 kb) are seen in patients with congenital myotonic dystrophy, while the minimally affected patients have repeat sizes of < 0.5 kb. Comparison of parent-child pairs has shown that most offspring have an earlier age at onset and a larger repeat size than their parents, with only 4 of 182 showing a definite decrease in repeat size, accompanied by a later age at onset or less severe phenotype. Increase in repeat size from parent to child is similar for both paternal and maternal transmissions when the increase is expressed as a proportion of the parental repeat size. Analysis of congenitally affected cases shows not only that they have, on average, the largest repeat sizes but also that their mothers have larger mean repeat sizes, supporting previous suggestions that a maternal effect is involved in the pathogenesis of this form of the disorder.
Gradient based dominant motion estimation with integral projections for real time video stabilisation (2005)

This paper presents a new expression of the relationship between integral projections and motion in an image pair. The resulting new multiresolution gradient based approach is used to estimate dominant motion in image sequences degraded by random shake. The paper also describes an implementation using the GPU as a coprocessor for the CPU that allows, for the first time, real time video stabilisation in software on broadcast standard definition television images.
The effect of the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol on the bioavailability of paracetamol-polyethylene glycol solid dispersions (1986)

A controlled study of the bioavailability of paracetamol in solid dispersion with PEG 6000, 10000 and 20000 has been made. The total amount of paracetamol excreted in urine increased with molecular weight of the PEG, but the rate of absorption of the drug was unaffected.
Nitrogen/Oxygen Battery A transformational Architecture for Large Scale Energy Storage. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
Study of low-background measurement schemes for the electro-acoustic-reflectometry (EAR) method (2020)

Samples tested for space charge distribution are naturally capacitors. This induces an intrinsic low-pass filter that limits bandwidth and thus spatial resolution. Among the schemes studied to get rid of this limitation, it appears that narrow-band matching seems better.
Locally coupled open subsystems: A formalism for affordable electronic structure calculations featuring fractional charges and size consistency (2018)

This manuscript introduces a methodology (within the Born-Oppenheimer picture) to compute electronic ground-state properties of molecules and solids/surfaces with fractionally occupied components. Given a user-defined division of the molecule into subsystems, our theory uses an auxiliary global Hamiltonian that is defined as the sum of subsystem Hamiltonians, plus the spatial integral of a second-quantized local operator that allows the electrons to be transferred between subsystems. This electron transfer operator depends on a local potential that can be determined using density functional approximations and/or other techniques such as machine learning. The present framework employs superpositions of tensor-product wave functions, which can satisfy size consistency and avoid spurious fractional charges at large bond distances. The electronic population of each subsystem is in general a positive real number and is obtained from wave-function amplitudes, which are calculated by means of ground-state matrix diagonalization (or matrix propagation in the time-dependent case). Our method can provide pathways to explore charge-transfer effects in environments where dividing the molecule into subsystems is convenient and to develop computationally affordable electronic structure algorithms.
User perceptions of Wow experiences and design implications for Cloud services (2011)

Wow! as outstandingly positive user experience has often been cited as an important design target in industrial product development contexts. Wow is assumed to be more than acceptable user experience, it is something that exceeds users' expectations. There is relatively little research on the specific concept of Wow and how it can be achieved. In our multi-year Cloud software project with over 20 industrial partners we have found a strong interest in establishing basic understanding of this concept and further, design implications for bringing Wow to Cloud services. To this end, we first conducted two small online surveys to understand the general user perceptions of Wow. We then explored two specific Cloud application domains -- personal contact management and information security services -- in more detail by conducting two rounds of user interviews on how Wow is perceived in these domains. In this paper we present the results of these user studies and draw design implications for Wow in Cloud services. The main design implications include providing positive surprises to the users by pushing dynamic service features through the Cloud, supporting automated data integration of and universal access to user's personal data, and moderating the level and types of Wow for "serious" application domains.
Abstracting log lines to log event types for mining software system logs (2010)

Log files contain valuable information about the execution of a system. This information is often used for debugging, operational profiling, finding anomalies, detecting security threats, measuring performance etc. The log files are usually too big for extracting this valuable information manually, even though manual perusal is still one of the more widely used techniques. Recently a variety of data mining and machine learning algorithms are being used to analyze the information in the log files. A major road block for the efficient use of these algorithms is the inherent variability present in every log line of a log file. Each log line is a combination of a static message type field and a variable parameter field. Even though both these fields are required, the analyses algorithm often requires that these be separated out, in order to find correlations in the repeating log event types. This disentangling of the message and parameter fields to find the event types is called abstraction of log lines. Each log line is abstracted to a unique ID or event type and the dynamic parameter value is extracted to give an insight on the current state of the system. In this paper we present a technique based on a clustering technique used in the Simple Log file Clustering Tool for log file abstraction. This solution is especially useful when we don't have access to the source code of the application or when the lines in the log file do not conform to a rigid structure. We evaluated our implementation on log files from the Virtual Computing Lab, a cloud computer management system at North Carolina State University, and abstracted it to 727 unique event types.
Generating Navigable Semantic Maps from Social Sciences Corpora (2015)

International audience
Terminology of Limestone and Related Rocks: An Interim Report (1954)

ABSTRACT The results of a questionnaire on the terminology of limestone and related rocks indicate where usage is reasonably uniform and where it is sharply divided. From majority usage it is possible to prepare tentative definitions for the following compositional and structural terms: carbonate rock, calcareous (adjective) limestone, dolomite (the rock) or dolostone, dolomitic limestone, calcitic dolomite or dolostone, marl, marlstone, oolite, ooid, coquina, coquinite, and coquinoid (adjective). Usage on terms expressing grain size and on terms expressing genesis is not yet uniform enough to warrant proposing formal definitions, but further debate on these matters should be fruitful, if focused on the distinctions that need to be made among the rocks themselves.
Functional Requirements of the Yellow Fever Virus Capsid Protein (2007)

Although it is known that the flavivirus capsid protein is essential for genome packaging and formation of infectious particles, the minimal requirements of the dimeric capsid protein for virus assembly/disassembly have not been characterized. By use of a trans-packaging system that involved packaging a yellow fever virus (YFV) replicon into pseudo-infectious particles by supplying the YFV structural proteins using a Sindbis virus helper construct, the functional elements within the YFV capsid protein (YFC) were characterized. Various N- and C-terminal truncations, internal deletions, and point mutations of YFC were analyzed for their ability to package the YFV replicon. Consistent with previous reports on the tick-borne encephalitis virus capsid protein, YFC demonstrates remarkable functional flexibility. Nearly 40 residues of YFC could be removed from the N terminus while the ability to package replicon RNA was retained. Additionally, YFC containing a deletion of approximately 27 residues of the C terminus, including a complete deletion of C-terminal helix 4, was functional. Internal deletions encompassing the internal hydrophobic sequence in YFC were, in general, tolerated to a lesser extent. Site-directed mutagenesis of helix 4 residues predicted to be involved in intermonomeric interactions were also analyzed, and although single mutations did not affect packaging, a YFC with the double mutation of leucine 81 and valine 88 was nonfunctional. The effects of mutations in YFC on the viability of YFV infection were also analyzed, and these results were similar to those obtained using the replicon packaging system, thus underscoring the flexibility of YFC with respect to the requirements for its functioning.
Maximum Parsimony on Phylogenetic networks (2012)

The parsimony score we define here does not directly reflect the cost of the best tree in the network that displays the evolution of the character. However, when searching for the most parsimonious network that describes a collection of characters, it becomes necessary to add additional cost considerations to prefer simpler structures, such as trees over networks. The parsimony score on a network that we describe here takes into account the substitution costs along the additional edges incident on each reticulate vertex, in addition to the substitution costs along the other edges which are common to all the branching patterns introduced by the reticulate vertices. Thus the score contains an in-built cost for the number of reticulate vertices in the network, and would provide a criterion that is comparable among all networks. Although the problem of finding the parsimony score on the network is believed to be computationally hard to solve, heuristics such as the ones described here would be beneficial in our efforts to find a most parsimonious network.
Mammalian prenatal development: the influence of maternally derived molecules (2009)

Normal fetal development is dependent upon an intricate exchange between mother and embryo. Several maternal and embryonic elements can influence this intimate interaction, including genetic, environmental or epigenetic factors, and have a significant impact on embryo development. The interaction of the genetic program of both mother and embryo, within the uterine environment, can shape the development of an individual. Accumulating data from animal models indicate that prenatal events may well initiate long-term changes in the expression of the embryo genetic program, which persist, or may only become apparent, much later in the individual's life. Also, environmental conditions during prenatal development may prompt the adoption of different developmental pathways, leading to alternative life histories. This review focuses on environmental factors, specifically maternally derived molecules, to illustrate how they can influence in utero embryonic development and, by extension, adult life.
What Makes Fluoroethylene Carbonate Different? (2015)

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries containing silicon-based negative electrodes have the potential to revolutionize electrical energy storage, but the cyclic and acyclic organic carbonate solvents (such as ethylene and propylene carbonates) that are commonly used in graphite Li-ion batteries yield unsatisfactory performance when used with such Li alloying electrodes. It has been found by trial and error that additions of the closely related carbonate additive, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), to conventional electrolytes yields a robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the LixSiy alloy surface. Several mechanisms for this protective action have been considered in the literature and modeled theoretically; however, at present these mechanisms remain hypothetical. In this study, we use radiolysis, laser photoionization, electron paramagnetic resonance, and transient absorption spectroscopy to establish the redox chemistry of FEC. While the oxidation chemistry is similar to that of other organic carbonates, the reduction chemistry of the fluorinated molecule is strikingly different. Specifically, one-electron reduction of bulk FEC causes the fission of two (instead of one) C–O bonds, resulting in concerted defluorination and decarboxylation; in contrast, the reduction of the ethylene and propylene carbonate results in ring-opening and the formation of a radical anion. For FEC, the reduction yields the vinoxyl radical that can abstract an H atom from another FEC molecule, initiating both the chain reaction causing FEC decomposition and radical polymerization involving the reaction products. The resulting polymer can further defluorinate yielding the interior radicals that migrate and recombine to produce a highly cross-linked network. This feature implies that the outer SEI resulting from FEC reduction may exhibit elastomeric properties, which would account for its cohesion during expansion and contraction of silicon particles in the course of Li alloying/dealloying cycling.
Prolonged cholestasis and ductopenia following gold salt therapy (2003)

Hepatotoxicity, predominantly cholestatic, is a rare adverse effect of gold salt therapy, which usually completely resolves within a few months. We report the case of a female patient treated for rheumatoid arthritis, who had gold salt overdose, and in whom acute cholestatic hepatitis occurred three weeks after beginning of therapy. Evolution of gold concentration was followed in plasma and urine, as well as in cutaneous and liver dry tissue. Liver biopsy showed marked inflammatory changes of interlobular bile ducts that evolved towards ductopenia, which was responsible for prolonged cholestasis still present 15 months later. In addition, sialadenitis with sicca syndrome was noted six months after onset of the disease. The mechanism of hepatotoxicity was probably immunoallergic since liver lesions were associated with hypersensitivity syndrome including dermatitis and blood and tissue eosinophilia. This is the first report of gold salt hepatotoxicity with histological demonstration of cholangitis followed by ductopenia.
Retinoid Antagonists (1996)

Retinoids, retinoic acid and its bioisosters, regulate many biological functions such as cell differentiation, proliferation and embryonic development in vertebrates, through binding to and activating their specific nuclear receptors. There are two classes of nuclear receptors for retinoids, retinoic acid receptors (RAR alpha, beta, gamma) and retinoid X receptors (RXR alpha, beta, gamma). Several retinoid antagonists, which bind to but not activate RARs, have been reported. Among them, 4-(5H-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-5,7,7,10,10-pentamethylbenzo[e]naphtho [2,3-b][1,4]diazepin-13-yl)benzoic acid (LE135, 20) is a RAR beta-selective retinoid antagonist. Structure-activity relationships of LE135 (20) showed that the naphthalenyl analogs [LE540 (21) and LE550 (22)] are more potent retinoid antagonists in HL-60 assay. Contrary to the antagonistic activity of LE135 (20), an isomer of LE135 (20), 4-[5H-2,3-(2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexano)-5-methyldibenzo- [b,e][1,4]diazepin-11-yl)benzoic acid (HX600, 39) enhanced the activities of retinoids. Although the synergistic activity of HX600 (39) can be explained by the binding to RXRs and the further activation of RAR/RXR heterodimer activated by retinoid (RAR ligand), the significantly different biological character of HX600 (39) from the typical RXR-selective ligand suggested the possibility of the participation of other nuclear receptors or cofactors in the retinoid synergism.
Correlation among crystal defects, depletion regions and junction leakage in sub-30-nm gate-length MOSFETs: Direct examinations by electron holography (2006)

Electron-holography electrostatic-potential analysis, in conjunction with transmission-electron-microscopy crystal-defect analysis, revealed how halo-implantation and millisecond annealing (MSA) conditions affect defect distributions at source/drain junctions in scaled MOSFETs. The key findings of this analysis are as follows: first, nanometer-scale defects exist at the junction near the gate, second, the junction leakage current is determined by the near-gate peripheral component, third, the number of defects can be reduced by adequate thermal processing, thereby reducing the junction leakage current.
B-CLL: is the enigma of disease heterogeneity about to be revealed? (2002)

B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) can be a relatively easy management problem since a majority of these patients initially come to the hematologist with minimal-to-low tumor burden. But there is a compelling need for accurate prognostic parameters because at least 20%-30% of these patients will
Gas Turbine Axial Compressor Fouling And Washing. (2004)

The privatization of utilities, intense competition in the petrochemical and gas distribution industries, coupled with increasing fuel costs, have created a strong incentive for gas turbine operators to minimize and control performance deterioration. The most significant deterioration problem faced by gas turbine operators is compressor fouling. The effect of compressor fouling is a drop in airflow, pressure ratio, and compressor efficiency, resulting in a “rematching” of the gas turbine and compressor and a drop in power output and thermal efficiency. This paper provides a comprehensive practical treatment of the causes, effects, and control of fouling. Gas turbine inlet filtration, fouling mechanisms, and compressor washing are covered in detail. The major emphasis will be on compressor washing approaches, technology, and practical aspects. The complexities and challenges of online washing of large output new gas turbines will also be covered. The treatment also applies to axial air compressors used in the hydrocarbon processing industry.
Significant Role of Naturally Occurring Materials in Drug Delivery Technology for Tissue Regeneration Therapy (2008)

As the third medical therapy following reconstructive surgery and organ transplantation, the therapy of regenerative medicine is being clinically expected. The objective of regenerative therapy is to induce the regeneration and repairing of defective and injured tissues based on the natural-healing potential of patients themselves. For successful tissue regeneration, it is important to maximize the natural cell potentials of proliferation and differentiation. For this purpose, a biomedical technology and methodology are required to create a local environment that enables cells to enhance their potentials for natural induction of tissue regeneration. This biomedical research field is called tissue engineering where the regeneration environment is built up by the naturally occurring materials of biodegradability and good biocompatibility. When biological signaling molecules, growth factors and genes, are used, drug delivery system (DDS) is indispensable to enhance their biological activities of cell proliferation and differentiation. This paper introduces the tissue engineering application of naturally occurring materials, especially gelatin, for signaling molecules delivery to emphasize significance of DDS technology in regenerative medical therapy, briefly explaining the basic concept of tissue engineering.