gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Behavioural models in psychopharmacology : theoretical, industrial, and clinical perspectives (1990)

Contributors Preface Part I. Introduction: 1. Behavioural models in psychopharmacology P. Willner Part II. Models of Anxiety: 2. Animal models of anxiety S. Green and H. Hodges 3. Screening for anxiolytic drugs D. N. Stephens and J. S. Andrews 4. Animal models of anxiety: a clinical perspective M. Lader Part III. Models of Depression: 5. Animals models of depression P. Willner 6. Screening for new antidepressant compounds W. Danysz 7. The clinical relevance of animal models of depression J. F. W. Deakin Part IV. Models of Eating Disorders: 8. Animal models of eating disorders A. M. J. Montgomery 9. Screening methods for anorectic, anti-obesity and orectic agents J. Sepinwall and A. C. Sullivan 10. Animals models of eating disorders: a clinical perspective D. V. Coscina and P. E. Garfinkel Part V. Models of Mania and Schizophrenia: 11. M. Lyons 12. Pharmacological evaluation of new antipsychotic drugs S. Ahlenius 13. Animal models of schizophrenia and mania: clinical perspectives J. Cookson Part VI. Models of Dementia: 14. Animal models of Alzheimer's disease and dementia (with an emphasis on cortical cholinergic systems) S. B. Dunnett and T. M. Barth 15. Strategies for drug development in the treatment of dementia J. D. Salamons 16. Dementia: the role of behavioural models H. J. Altman Part VII. Models of Drug Abuse and Drug Dependence: 17. Animal models of drug abuse and dependence A. J. Goudies 18. Screening for abuse and dependence liabilities D. J. Sanger 19. The relevance of behavioural models of drug abuse and dependence liabilities to the understanding of drug misuse in humans R. Hartnoll Index.
Ultra-Rapid Lispro Improves Postprandial Glucose Control and Time in Range in Type 1 Diabetes Compared to Lispro: PRONTO-T1D Continuous Glucose Monitoring Substudy (2020)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> This study evaluated glucose control by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) during treatment with ultra-rapid lispro (URLi) or lispro used in combination with insulin glargine or degludec in adults with type 1 diabetes in a substudy of the PRONTO-T1D study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Ambulatory glucose profiles were evaluated in 269 patients from PRONTO-T1D assigned to double-blind URLi (<i>n</i> = 97) or lispro (<i>n</i> = 99) given 0-2 min before the start of the meal (mealtime), or open-label URLi (<i>n</i> = 73) given 20 min after the meal (postmeal URLi). Blinded CGM was used for up to 14 days before baseline and the 26-week primary endpoint. The primary objective was to compare mealtime URLi and lispro with respect to incremental area under the serum glucose concentration versus time curve from 0 to 2 h (iAUC<sub>0-2h</sub>) after breakfast. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Mealtime URLi was superior in reducing the iAUC<sub>0-2h</sub> when compared to lispro for breakfast (least squares mean [LSM] difference -28.1 mg·h/L, <i>P</i> = 0.048) and for all meals combined. iAUC<sub>0-3h</sub> and iAUC<sub>0-4h</sub> were also reduced. Postmeal URLi resulted in similar postprandial glucose (PPG) control to mealtime lispro, but less optimal PPG control compared to mealtime URLi. Mealtime URLi increased daytime time in range (71-180 mg/dL [3.9-10.0 mmo/L]) (LSM difference = +43.6 min, <i>P</i> = 0.020) and decreased nighttime time in hypoglycemia (LSM difference ≤70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L] = -11.5 min, <i>P</i> = 0.009) compared to mealtime lispro. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Results of this CGM substudy support the improved PPG control seen with mealtime URLi in the PRONTO-T1D study and show that mealtime URLi resulted in improved daytime time in target range.
Leitfähigkeits‐Messungen am Selen (1954)

Abstract Das Leitfähigkeits‐Temperatur‐Verhalten von festem und flüssigem Selen wird wesentlich durch die Reinheit des Selens bestimmt und wird bei hochgereinigtem Selen offenbar wesentlich durch Sauerstoff‐Einbau beeinflußt. Aus der gut reproduzierbaren (log σ – 1/T)‐Geraden für im Vakuum (∼ 10 −3 mm) im Temperaturbereich von 100°C bis zum Schmelzpunkt untersuchtes Reinselen wird ein ϵ‐Wert von 2,2–2,9 eV gemessen. Ob der Mittelwert von 2,6 eV dem Band‐Band‐Übergang entspricht, ist aus Leitfähigkeits‐Messungen allein nicht entscheidbar.
Regioselective Aldol Condensation of Dialdehydes (2006)

Non-symmetric model substrate 2 was designed and synthesized and its intra­molecular aldol condensation studied. Synthesis of dialdehyde 2 was achieved by l-proline-catalyzed nitroso aldol reaction followed by diol formation and NaIO4-cleavage employing commercial 5α-cholestan-3-one (1) as starting material. Adding small amounts of AcOH improved the yield for the proline-catalyzed nitroso aldol. It was ­observed that the hydroxylation was highly diastereo­selective and took only place from the α-face. Several conditions were screened for the following regioselective aldol condensation. Product 3 was formed predominantly (50:1) when morpholine, octanoic acid and HMPA in Et2O were used, whereas product 4 was formed in excess (50:1) with conditions using (S)-indoline-2-carboxylic acid in MeCN-CH2Cl2. Using d- or l-proline in this case gave diminished yields and selectivity.
Estimation of hydro turbine-governor system's transfer function from PMU measurements (2016)

Generation in the Nordic power system is dominated by large number of hydro power plants, especially in Norway and Sweden. There are indications that, during the last decade, the frequency quality in the system has deteriorated; the number of minutes when the frequency stays outside the permissible range has been increasing. There is ongoing work to find the root of the problem and solutions to improve the quality of frequency. Among other measures, it is important to know the actual dynamic characteristics of the turbine-governor response of power plants. Regarding this issue, the paper presents the work on using state-of-the-art system identification methods to estimate the transfer function of the turbine-governor systems with ambient data. With only PMU measurements at the high voltage side of generator transformers, the identification methods work properly and provide satisfactory estimation.
Region moments: Fast invariant descriptors for detecting small image structures (2010)

This paper presents region moments, a class of appearance descriptors based on image moments applied to a pool of image features. A careful design of the moments and the image features, makes the descriptors scale and rotation invariant, and therefore suitable for vehicle detection from aerial video, where targets appear at different scales and orientations. Region moments are linearly related to the image features. Thus, comparing descriptors by computing costly geodesic distances and non-linear classifiers can be avoided, because Euclidean geometry and linear classifiers are still effective. The descriptor computation is made efficient by designing a fast procedure based on the integral representation. An extensive comparison between region moments and the region covariance descriptors, reports theoretical, qualitative, and quantitative differences among them, with a clear advantage of the region moments, when used for detecting small image structures, such as vehicles in aerial video. The proposed descriptors hold the promise to become an effective building block in other applications.
Zinsight (2010)

Information in event traces from software systems can help developers with performance analysis, debuggingand troubleshooting. However, the volume of data contained in these traces can make such tasks a challenge. In this paper we propose a new tool, Zinsight, to visualize event traces from complex systems. Our contribution is a novel combination of visualizations and pattern extraction techniques, enabling user exploration, analysis and understanding of traces containing millions of events. Three complimentary views help the user answer different questions. First, the Event Flow view shows the trace in its entirety or in detail. The user sees visual patterns representing phases of processing and the relative order of events. Second, the Event Statistics view quantifies events, and presents distributions and averages enabling the user to identify outlier behavior. Third, the Sequence Context view extracts patterns of interest from the trace and represents them along with frequency and performance data in succinct execution flow diagrams. The user can navigate from patterns to their constituent instance sequences and even back to individual events in the other views. Questions can be answered and hypotheses tested using the most natural view for the task.
Detecting past and ongoing natural selection among ethnically Tibetan women at high altitude in Nepal (2018)

Adaptive evolution in humans has rarely been characterized for its whole set of components, i.e. selective pressure, adaptive phenotype, beneficial alleles and realized fitness differential. We combined approaches for detecting polygenic adaptations and for mapping the genetic bases of physiological and fertility phenotypes in approximately 1000 indigenous ethnically Tibetan women from Nepal, adapted to high altitude. The results of genome-wide association analyses and tests for polygenic adaptations showed evidence of positive selection for alleles associated with more pregnancies and live births and evidence of negative selection for those associated with higher offspring mortality. Lower hemoglobin level did not show clear evidence for polygenic adaptation, despite its strong association with an EPAS1 haplotype carrying selective sweep signals.
Infrared differential-absorption Mueller matrix spectroscopy and neural network-based data fusion for biological aerosol standoff detection (2010)

An active spectrophotopolarimeter sensor and support system were developed for a military/civilian defense feasibility study concerning the identification and standoff detection of biological aerosols. Plumes of warfare agent surrogates gamma-irradiated Bacillus subtilis and chicken egg white albumen (analytes), Arizona road dust (terrestrial interferent), water mist (atmospheric interferent), and talcum powders (experiment controls) were dispersed inside windowless chambers and interrogated by multiple CO(2) laser beams spanning 9.1-12.0 microm wavelengths (lambda). Molecular vibration and vibration-rotation activities by the subject analyte are fundamentally strong within this "fingerprint" middle infrared spectral region. Distinct polarization-modulations of incident irradiance and backscatter radiance of tuned beams generate the Mueller matrix (M) of subject aerosol. Strings of all 15 normalized elements {M(ij)(lambda)/M(11)(lambda)}, which completely describe physical and geometric attributes of the aerosol particles, are input fields for training hybrid Kohonen self-organizing map feed-forward artificial neural networks (ANNs). The properly trained and validated ANN model performs pattern recognition and type-classification tasks via internal mappings. A typical ANN that mathematically clusters analyte, interferent, and control aerosols with nil overlap of species is illustrated, including sensitivity analysis of performance.
High‐Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) of Proteins [New Analytical Methods (29)] (1986)

Abstract The application of high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) to proteins has undergone a dramatic development in recent years. Nowadays its many variants expand the repertoire of high‐performance analysis methods available to the protein chemist, which, until now, have been dominated by electrophoretic techniques. The advent of gene technology has resulted in a renaissance of protein chemistry. The new analytical and preparative problems that have thereby emerged are often ideally solved by HPLC methods. HPLC has long since ceased to be solely a laboratory technique; HPLC systems are now being developed for the separation of proteins–particularly those of great pharmaceutical interest – on a 100‐g scale. The range of applications of analytical and preparative HPLC will be illustrated by two examples of pharmaceutical importance—insulin and interleukin 2.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the mortality rate of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (2017)

Introduction Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an efficacious treatment for many mental disorders, but is underutilized because of fears of adverse effects, including the risk of death. Objectives and aims To provide a full picture of the magnitude of ECT-related mortality worldwide. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis (PubMed and Embase) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Only publications reporting on a specific number of ECT treatments as well as specific number of ECT-related deaths were included in our analysis. The ECT-related mortality rate was calculated by dividing the total number of ECT-related deaths by the total number of ECT treatments. The 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of this estimate was calculated using Bernoullis principle of distribution. Results Fourteen studies with data from 32 countries reporting on a total of 757,662 ECT treatments met the predefined inclusion criteria. Fifteen cases of ECT-related death were reported – yielding an ECT-related mortality rate of 2.0 per 100,000 treatments (95% CI: 1.0–3.0). In the eight studies published after 2001 (covering 406,229 treatments), no ECT-related deaths were reported. Conclusions The ECT-related mortality rate was estimated at 2 per 100,000 treatments. For comparison, a recent meta-analysis on the mortality of general anaesthesia in relation to surgical procedures reported a mortality rate of 3.4 per 100,000. Thus, our systematic review and meta-analysis documents that death caused by ECT is extremely rare. This information can be used to reassure patients in need of ECT. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Exophytic Lipoleiomyoma of the Uterus Mimicking Ovarian Teratoma: A Case Report (2006)

Lipoleiomyoma is a rare benign neoplasm of the uterus. I present here a case of exophytic uterine lipoleiomyoma in a 77-year-old woman. Due to its exophytic nature, this fatty tumor mimicked ovarian teratoma on the imaging studies.
A Survey of Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Techniques—Part I: Fault Diagnosis With Model-Based and Signal-Based Approaches (2015)

With the continuous increase in complexity and expense of industrial systems, there is less tolerance for performance degradation, productivity decrease, and safety hazards, which greatly necessitates to detect and identify any kinds of potential abnormalities and faults as early as possible and implement real-time fault-tolerant operation for minimizing performance degradation and avoiding dangerous situations. During the last four decades, fruitful results have been reported about fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control methods and their applications in a variety of engineering systems. The three-part survey paper aims to give a comprehensive review of real-time fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control, with particular attention on the results reported in the last decade. In this paper, fault diagnosis approaches and their applications are comprehensively reviewed from model- and signal-based perspectives, respectively.
A new type of light with enhanced optical chirality (2012)

Recently, Tang and Cohen (Science 332, 333, 2011) have demonstrated a scheme to enhance the chiral response of molecules, which relies on the use of circularly polarized light in a standing wave configuration. Here we show a new type of light which possesses orbital angular momentum and enhanced chiral response. Unexpectedly, in the locations where the beams show enhanced optical chirality, only the longitudinal components of the electric and magnetic fields survive, showing a new way to yield optical chirality different from the usual.
s-Transformer: Segment-Transformer for Robust Neural Speech Synthesis (2020)

Neural end-to-end text-to-speech (TTS) , which adopts either a recurrent model, e.g. Tacotron, or an attention one, e.g. Transformer, to characterize a speech utterance, has achieved significant improvement of speech synthesis. However, it is still very challenging to deal with different sentence lengths, particularly, for long sentences where sequence model has limitation of the effective context length. We propose a novel segment-Transformer (s-Transformer), which models speech at segment level where recurrence is reused via cached memories for both the encoder and decoder. Long-range contexts can be captured by the extended memory, meanwhile, the encoder-decoder attention on segment which is much easier to handle. In addition, we employ a modified relative positional self attention to generalize sequence length beyond a period possibly unseen in the training data. By comparing the proposed s-Transformer with the standard Transformer, on short sentences, both achieve the same MOS scores of 4.29, which is very close to 4.32 by the recordings; similar scores of 4.22 vs 4.2 on long sentences, and significantly better for extra-long sentences with a gain of 0.2 in MOS. Since the cached memory is updated with time, the s-Transformer generates rather natural and coherent speech for a long period of time.
A study of risk factors for the possible cases of acute occupational pesticide poisoning of orchard farmers in some parts of south Chungcheong province (2019)

The present study analyzed the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning depending on the speed sprayer's cabin existence and found no significant difference. The fact that famers using the cabinless style speed sprayer shows a higher percentage in wearing PPE than those using the cabin style speed sprayer is suggested to elucidate the result. As the first study in Korea which examined the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning by speed sprayer's cabin existence, the present study proposes the expected effect that increase of wearing pesticide PPE along with employ of speed sprayer's cabin can reduce the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning among orchard farmers.
Contribuição para a reutilização de material fresado em camadas estruturais de pavimento (2006)

O objectivo principal deste artigo é promover a utilização de material fresado em camadas estruturais de pavimento, reutilizando materiais provenientes da reconstrução de camadas de pavimentos flexíveis. Os resultados laboratoriais realizados sobre misturas de material fresado, pó de pedra e cimento (FPC) permitem concluir que uma camada de sub-base de pavimento flexível realizada com esta mistura, pode resultar numa camada de elevada resistência. A técnica é económica e ambientalmente justificada, dado que constitui uma solução para a reutilização de um subproduto da construção, reduzindo a necessidade de utilizar novos agregados. Por outro lado, o aumento da capacidade resistente da camada de sub-base realizada com FPC, pode traduzir-se na possibilidade de diminuir a espessura das restantes camadas de pavimento, reduzindo o consumo de novos agregados e ligantes betuminosos.
Genomic instability of micronucleated cells revealed by single‐cell comparative genomic hybridization (2009)

Nuclear variation in size and shape and genomic instability are hallmarks of dedifferentiated cancer cells. Although micronuclei are a typical long-term consequence of DNA damage, their contribution to chromosomal instability and clonal diversity in cancer disease is unclear. We isolated cancer cells with or without micronuclei to perform genomic analysis. Cell suspensions of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells from either 2D culture or after isolation from 3D collagen matrix culture were stained with Hoechst 33342 and after classification for presence or absence of a micronucleus via bright-field and epifluorescence microscopy, cells were individually aspirated with a micropipette. Subsequently, whole-genome amplification and single-cell comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) were applied to detect genomic aberrations. The data show a high-fidelity isolation and genome amplification that lacks adverse effects by prior Hoechst 33342 staining. HT1080 cells showed a high degree of divergent amplifications, but neither location nor frequency of aberrations was dependent on 2D or 3D culture conditions or micronucleation. Thus, single-cell selection of defined nuclear states is amenable to single-cell CGH and here provides first insight into the aberration drift and genomic diversity in cancer cells with and without micronuclei.
Platelet aggregation induced in mice by whole-body hyperthermia. (1984)

Whole-body hyperthermia ( WBH ) induced by 2450-MHz irradiation resulted in a decrease in platelet number in the circulating blood 3.5 hr after irradiation. Afterward, the treated mice developed thrombocytosis which peaked 3 days after WBH . This phenomenon was suppressed by administration of antiinflammatory drugs (methylprednisolone acetate and indomethacin) or aggregating inhibitors (heparin, pentoxifylline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP). These facts suggest that thrombocytosis occurring in treated mice arises to offset a deficiency of platelets induced by aggregations and adhesions. Further investigation of platelets in vitro indicated that the addition of plasma extract from mice treated with WBH to heated platelets induced a significant aggregation of platelets.
Module Implementation and Modulation Strategy for Sensorless Balancing in Modular Multilevel Converters (2018)

Modules with series and parallel connectivity add new features and operation modes to modular multilevel converters (MMCs). Compared to full- and half-bridges, the series/parallel modules allow sensorless module balancing and reduce conduction loss with the same semiconductor area. However, in high-voltage applications with limited switching rates, the sensorless operation of the series/parallel modules suffers from large charge-balancing currents. This paper introduces a series/parallel module variant with a small port inductor. The port inductor suppresses the charge-balancing current despite low switching rates. We also propose a carrier-based modulation framework and show the importance of the carrier assignment in terms of efficiency and balancing. The proposed module and the modulation method are verified on a lab setup with module switching rates down to 200 Hz. The module voltages are kept within a narrow band with the charge-balancing currents below 5% of the arm current. The experimental results show practicality and advantages of the new series/parallel modules in high-voltage MMC applications.