gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Traction and Microgeometry Effects on Rolling Contact Fatigue Life (1978)

A refined mathematical model for the prediction of rolling contact fatigue is presented. It analyzes the effect of frictional traction in the contact surface, and of surface asperity slope, on the failure hazard functions applicable to surface and subsurface originated spalls. Major effects of traction on life arise from three sources: (a) increased surface distress micropitting; (b) increased microscopic shear stresses beneath surface furrows; (c) greatly increased macroscopic shear stresses in the zone relatively free from shear-stress which exists, in the absence of traction, between the asperity stress region and the Hertzian shear stress region. The major effect of steeper asperity slopes is to increase surface distress micropitting. A strong effect of traction on the angular orientation of the Hertz stress field is used to correlate experimentally observed changes in the Martin angle of orientation of deformation bands. The correlation permits calculation of the variation in the effective traction coefficient as a function of film thickness/roughness ratio. The traction coefficients obtained are then used as input to numerical life prediction. Satisfactory agreement is obtained between theory and experiment in predicting the life of seven groups of fatigue tested ball bearings with different surface roughness, run at different film thickness/roughness ratios.
Storage-class memory: The next storage system technology (2008)

The dream of replacing rotating mechanical storage, the disk drive, with solid-state, nonvolatile RAM may become a reality in the near future. Approximately ten new technologies—collectively called storage-class memory (SCM)—are currently under development and promise to be fast, inexpensive, and power efficient. Using SCM as a disk drive replacement, storage system products will have random and sequential I/O performance that is orders of magnitude better than that of comparable disk-based systems and require much less space and power in the data center. In this paper, we extrapolate disk and SCM technology trends to 2020 and analyze the impact on storage systems. The result is a 100- to 1,000-fold advantage for SCM in terms of the data center space and power required.
Efficient Decision-based Black-box Adversarial Attacks on Face Recognition (2019)

Face recognition has obtained remarkable progress in recent years due to the great improvement of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, deep CNNs are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which can cause fateful consequences in real-world face recognition applications with security-sensitive purposes. Adversarial attacks are widely studied as they can identify the vulnerability of the models before they are deployed. In this paper, we evaluate the robustness of state-of-the-art face recognition models in the decision-based black-box attack setting, where the attackers have no access to the model parameters and gradients, but can only acquire hard-label predictions by sending queries to the target model. This attack setting is more practical in real-world face recognition systems. To improve the efficiency of previous methods, we propose an evolutionary attack algorithm, which can model the local geometries of the search directions and reduce the dimension of the search space. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method that induces a minimum perturbation to an input face image with fewer queries. We also apply the proposed method to attack a real-world face recognition system successfully.
Tenascin and fibronectin isoforms in human renal cell carcinomas, renal cell carcinoma cell lines and xenografts in nude mice (1995)

We studied the expression of tenascin (Tn) and isoforms of fibronectin (Fn) in human renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and oncocytomas, in RCC cell lines and in their s.c. implanted xenografts in nude mice. In well-differentiated RCCs and oncocytomas extra-domain A (EDA)-Fn and Tn immunoreactivities were confined to the basement membranes and blood vessels, while in less-differentiated RCCs they were also widely seen in the stroma, correlating with the morphological differentiation of the tumor. Expression of EDB-Fn and oncofetal (onc)-Fn was very scarce in most of the RCCs and oncocytomas. Western blotting results demonstrated the predominance of the M(r) 190,000 Tn subunit in most RCCs. Among the 4 RCC cell lines, 3 showed Tn in the extracellular matrix. As xenografts, they formed moderately or poorly differentiated tumors, with abundant Tn. Three of the RCC cell lines also showed secretion of EDA-Fn and 2 of them secretion of onc-Fn and EDB-Fn into the culture medium, while in xenografts there was a strong expression of all Fn isoforms. In xenografts, the expression of Tn closely recapitulated that seen in clinical tumors and in the cell lines in vitro, while the expression of Fn isoforms in cultured cells and their xenografts was highly discordant.
An Open Label Long-Term Safety Trial (T3MPO-3) of Tenapanor in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation (IBS-C): Presidential Poster Award (2018)

Introduction: Tenapanor is a locally acting, minimally absorbed, and selective small molecule inhibitor of the intestinal sodium-hydrogen exchanger-3 (NHE3), which increases intestinal sodium and fluid in a dose-dependent fashion. In preclinical models, tenapanor has also been shown to reduce abdominal pain through inhibition of TRPV-1 signaling and by decreasing intestinal cell permeability. In two previously completed phase 3 trials (T3MPO-1 and T3MPO-2), tenapanor 50 mg twice daily met the primary endpoint and significantly improved the key symptoms of IBS-C compared to placebo (NCT02621892 and NCT02686138). The objective of this trial was to evaluate the long term safety of tenapanor in patients for the treatment of IBS-C in an up to 39 week extension study. Methods: In this open label safety study (NCT02727751), patients who completed either the T3MPO-1 (16 weeks) or T3MPO-2 (26 weeks) trial were eligible for enrollment. Visits were scheduled approximately every 13 weeks at which time patients underwent safety assessments at these visits, which including a physical exam, ECG, vital signs, and clinical labs. Adverse events and concomitant medications were recorded. Results: The intention-to-treat population included 240 patients, mean age = 49.6, and 80.8% women. Based on enrollment from each parent study the intended treatment duration ranged from 44 to 56 weeks. 84% of patients completed the study with a mean drug compliance rate of 97.9%. There were no deaths and three SAEs that were not drug related (leukocytosis, cervical fracture, and endometriosis). Overall, no notable changes over time in serum chemistry, hematology, or urinalysis were observed and there was no evidence of differences between cohorts. No notable changes from baseline or evidence of differences between cohorts were observed in physical examination or vital signs. There were no notable changes from baseline in heart rate, QTc interval, QTcB interval, QTcF interval, PR interval, or QRS interval during the study and no evidence of differences between cohorts. No patients experienced abnormal (clinically significant) ECG findings during the study.Diarrhea was the most common adverse event during the treatment period at a rate of 9.2% resulting in a discontinuation rate of 1.6%; there were no cases of severe diarrhea. The overall rate of discontinuations due to AEs was 2.1%. Conclusion: Tenapanor 50 mg BID was generally safe and well-tolerated when administered for up to 52 consecutive weeks.
4SID linear regression (2002)

State-space subspace system identification (4SID) has been suggested as an alternative to more traditional prediction error system identification, such as ARX least squares estimation. The aim of this note is to analyse the connections between these two different approaches to system identification. The conclusion is that 4SID can be viewed as a linear regression multistep ahead prediction error method, with certain rank constraints. This allows us to analyse 4SID methods within the standard framework of system identification and linear regression estimation. For example, it is shown that ARX models have nice properties in terms of 4SID identification. From a linear regression model, estimates of the extended observability matrix are found. Results from an asymptotic analysis are presented, i.e. explicit formulas for the asymptotic variances of the pole estimation error are given. From these expressions, some difficulties in choosing user specified parameters are pointed out in an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Adventures of Daniel Boon (2021)

The Adventures of Colonel Daniel Boon was published by John Filson as part of his larger work, The Discovery, Settlement and Present State of Kentucke, in 1784. Boone was fifty when the Adventures, describing his exploits in the Kentucky wilderness from May 1769 until October 1782, appeared. Filson had gleaned his information through firsthand interviews with Boone, and presented the text as written in Boone's own words. The exaggerated tales of Daniel Boone's life have led recent historical writers to try to discover more about the 'real' Daniel Boone and so separate the man from the myth. In 1783, Daniel Boone relocated his family to the small town and port of Limestone on the Ohio River, and became a tavern-keeper and land surveyor. The image of Boone as God's appointed pathfinder was developed in an epic poem about Boone's life, called the The Mountain Muse.
Structure-based and ligand-based virtual screening of novel methyltransferase inhibitors of the dengue virus (2011)

Our results suggest that haplotyping of large, biologically important genomic regions is feasible with current technologies.
MIMO fast fully adaptive processing in Over-the-Horizon Radar (2011)

High frequency Over-the-Horizon Radar (OTHR) provides an economical means to track noncooperative air targets over large expanses of land and ocean. However, OTHR in Canada is confounded by the presence of radar clutter from the region of the aurora borealis. Given the time-varying nature of auroral clutter, this paper proposes joint adaptive transmit and receive beamforming as a key tool to deal with this clutter. This beamforming is an alternative adaptive process based on the previously proposed fast-fully adaptive (FFA) scheme extended to couple transmit and receive beamforming, specifically for slow-time multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. We test the efficacy of this algorithm using measured OTHR data.
Up‐regulated expression of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit on inflammatory infiltrates during Dictyocaulus viviparus infection (2006)

Cholinergic signalling is known to affect immune cell function, but few studies have addressed its relevance during nematode infection. We therefore analysed the anatomical distribution and expression pattern of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha7 subunit in lungs obtained from Dictyocaulus viviparus-infected and uninfected control cattle. The analysis was performed on trachea and lung parenchyma from uninfected animals and animals necropsied at 15, 22 and 43 days post-infection (DPI). Localization of the alpha7 nAChR was evaluated by immunohistology and mRNA expression analysed by gene-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In uninfected animals, tracheal, bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium and smooth muscle cells constitutively expressed the alpha7 nAChR, as did type I and II alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages and a few infiltrating leucocytes. By 15 DPI, immunohistology revealed a massive influx of alpha7 nAChR+ inflammatory cells into the lung parenchyma and tracheal wall. This was reflected in the RT-PCR results. At later time points, both parenchyma and tracheal wall contained large numbers of alpha7 nAChR+ leucocytes, but detection of transcript was restricted to the trachea. Recruitment of nAChR-containing leucocytes to the lungs of D. viviparus-infected cattle suggests that these cells may represent possible downstream targets for parasite-secreted acetylcholinesterases.
Study of 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate Reductoisomerase:  Synthesis and Evaluation of Fluorinated Substrate Analogues (2004)

[reaction: see text] 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) reductoisomerase is a NADPH-dependent enzyme catalyzing the conversion of DXP to methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP). In this study, each of the hydroxyl groups in DXP and one of its C-1 hydrogen atoms, were separately replaced with a fluorine atom and the effect of the substitution on the catalytic turnover was examined. It was found that the 1-fluoro-DXP is a poor substrate, while both 3- and 4-fluoro-DXP behave as noncompetitive inhibitors.
Kinetics for the quenching and relaxation of boron oxide (1993)

Laser induced fluorescence studies are described in this paper for the kinetics of BO(A 2Π) quenching, vibrational and rotational relaxation, and for the radiative lifetime of the A 2Π state. Measured electronic quenching rates with several gases are presented. The rates are reasonably slow with He, Ar, N2, N2O, and CF4, as the collisional partners. The gases O2, F2, NO, and NO2 show a very fast quenching of the A 2Π state, probably as a consequence of chemical reaction with BO along with collisional energy transfer. Vibrational relaxation is generally slow compared to quenching except with CF4 where the collisional partner has a vibrational structure in near resonance with that of BO(A 2Π). Rotational relaxation in BO(A) by He, NO, O2, CF4, and SF6 was found to be fast, as would be expected in a molecule with closely spaced energy levels. The effects on the BO spectra of vibrational transfer with CF4 are shown. Quenching rates for BO(A 2Π) v′=0 and 2 measured over a series of helium pressure extrapolate to values of 1.75 and 1.37 μs for the radiative lifetimes of the v′=0 and 2 levels.
Ideal Bandgap Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells (2017)

Extremely high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of ≈20-22% are realized through intensive research and development of 1.5-1.6 eV bandgap perovskite absorbers. However, development of ideal bandgap (1.3-1.4 eV) absorbers is pivotal to further improve PCE of single junction perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) because of a better balance between absorption loss of sub-bandgap photons and thermalization loss of above-bandgap photons as demonstrated by the Shockley-Queisser detailed balanced calculation. Ideal bandgap PVSCs are currently hindered by the poor optoelectronic quality of perovskite absorbers and their PCEs have stagnated at <15%. In this work, through systematic photoluminescence and photovoltaic analysis, a new ideal bandgap (1.35 eV) absorber composition (MAPb<sub>0.5</sub> Sn<sub>0.5</sub> (I<sub>0.8</sub> Br<sub>0.2</sub> )<sub>3</sub> ) is rationally designed and developed, which possesses lower nonradiative recombination states, band edge disorder, and Urbach energy coupled with a higher absorption coefficient, which yields a reduced V<sub>oc,loss</sub> (0.45 V) and improved PCE (as high as 17.63%) for the derived PVSCs. This work provides a promising platform for unleashing the complete potential of ideal bandgap PVSCs and prospects for further improvement.
Vapour-Phase Deposition of Oriented Copper Dicarboxylate Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films (2019)

Copper dicarboxylate metal-organic framework films are deposited via chemical vapour deposition. Uniform films of CuBDC and CuCDC with an out-of-plane orientation and accessible porosity are obtained from the reaction of Cu and CuO with vaporised dicarboxylic acid linkers.
Mechanism and stereochemistry for nucleophilic attack at carbon of platinum(IV) alkyls: model reactions for hydrocarbon oxidation with aqueous platinum chlorides (1993)

We and others have recently confirmed the original reports by Shilov that aqueous solutions of a mixture of [PtCl_4]^(2-) and [PtCl_6]^(2-) are capable of functionalizing the C-H bonds of substrates including methane, initially producing a mixture of alcohols and alkyl chlorides. The working mechanistic scheme invokes the following general features: (1) electrophilic C-H activation to generate a platinum(I1) alkyl, (2) oxidation to a platinum(1V) alkyl, and (3) nucleophilic attack by water or chloride, displacing platinum(II) and generating the product alcohol or alkyl chloride. In this article we report the preparation, isolation, and characterization of methyl and β-hydroxyethyl derivatives of chloroplatinum(IV) along with the results of our investigations of the mechanism for nucleophilic attack by water or chloride. The rates and stereochemistry provide some of the first firm support for the latter stages of this working mechanistic scheme.
Reaction Behavior of Copper Oxide Packed Bed in Hydrogen Treatment System for Severe Accidents in Nuclear Power Plants (2021)

In the Green Growth Strategy presented by the Japanese government in 2020, nuclear power stations are regarded as existing, well-established low carbon power sources and their continuous use is required to achieve the national goal of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. However, considering the damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and resulting tsunami, the risk from potential accidents must be further mitigated. Prevention of a hydrogen explosion during a severe accident is one of the key issues to improve the safety of nuclear power stations. In this study, the behavior of a packed bed reactor of copper oxide pellets, used as part of a hydrogen treatment system, was examined. Reaction heat from the oxidation of hydrogen into water vapor accompanying complex reactions on the copper oxide surface increases the temperature of the packed bed and consequently the reaction rate. This positive feedback should be controlled to prevent thermal runaway by stabilizing the packed bed at the designed operating temperature of the hydrogen treatment system. The conditions leading to this low temperature positive feedback were experimentally confirmed with a bench-scale packed bed reactor and complementary numerical calculations. At temperatures 233~267 °C, temperature increase is governed by not only temperature-dependent reaction rate but also by competitive adsorption behavior between hydrogen and water vapor. At higher temperatures than 267 °C, hydrogen concentration governs the positive feedback effect, which implies necessity for appropriate design to prevent thermal runaway of the packed bed.
6‐Hydroxychroman‐2‐carboxylic acids: Novel antioxidants (1974)

Abstract 6‐Hydroxychroman‐2‐carboxylic acids (I) have been found to be effective antioxidants in animal fats, vegetable oils, and emulsion systems. Two new image syntheses of these compounds have been developed. Structure‐activity correlations for I with various substitutents at C 2 , C 5 , C 7 , and C 8 in various test systems have been obtained. In addition, the homologous chroman acetic acids, which are also antioxidants, and a number of other derived compounds have been synthesized. The most effective antioxidant in this series is the tetramethyl compound I (R 2 =R 5 =R 7 =R 8 =CH 3 ). This compound has activity which compares well with the better commercial antioxidants.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Germline Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (<i>LSD1/KDM1A</i>) Mutations Confer Susceptibility to Multiple Myeloma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;KDM1A mutation promotes enrichment of LSK and HoxA9 leukemia stem cell signatures in near haploid hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia.&lt;/p&gt;
Enhanced Sensitivity to Rapid Input Fluctuations by Nonlinear Threshold Dynamics in Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons (2016)

The way in which single neurons transform input into output spike trains has fundamental consequences for network coding. Theories and modeling studies based on standard Integrate-and-Fire models implicitly assume that, in response to increasingly strong inputs, neurons modify their coding strategy by progressively reducing their selective sensitivity to rapid input fluctuations. Combining mathematical modeling with in vitro experiments, we demonstrate that, in L5 pyramidal neurons, the firing threshold dynamics adaptively adjust the effective timescale of somatic integration in order to preserve sensitivity to rapid signals over a broad range of input statistics. For that, a new Generalized Integrate-and-Fire model featuring nonlinear firing threshold dynamics and conductance-based adaptation is introduced that outperforms state-of-the-art neuron models in predicting the spiking activity of neurons responding to a variety of in vivo-like fluctuating currents. Our model allows for efficient parameter extraction and can be analytically mapped to a Generalized Linear Model in which both the input filter--describing somatic integration--and the spike-history filter--accounting for spike-frequency adaptation--dynamically adapt to the input statistics, as experimentally observed. Overall, our results provide new insights on the computational role of different biophysical processes known to underlie adaptive coding in single neurons and support previous theoretical findings indicating that the nonlinear dynamics of the firing threshold due to Na+-channel inactivation regulate the sensitivity to rapid input fluctuations.
Development of a 500 Watt portable thermophotovoltaic power generator (1996)

In recent years, thermophotovoltaics (TPV) has been recognized as an emerging technology for the direct conversion of fuel to electricity. With the need for more advanced portable power systems for the military and commercial sectors, the opportunity to take this technology to the market is at hand. To meet this challenge, the Thermo Power Corporation has begun the development of an advanced portable 500 Watt TPV system. The technical approach focuses on optimizing the integrated performance of the primary subsystems in order to yield high energy conversion efficiency and system cost-effectiveness. An important aspect is the use of a narrow band fibrous ytterbia emitter radiating to high efficiency silicon photoconverters to minimize thermal and optical recuperation requirements, as well as nonrecoverable heat losses. Based on this design approach, power conversion efficiencies approaching 25% should be possible.