gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Combustion of Jet Fuels and Surrogates in Nonpremixed Flows (2011)

Experimental studies are carried out to characterize nonpremixed combustion of jet fuels and a number of their surrogatesinlaminarnonuniform flows.Thecounterflowconfigurationisemployed.Criticalconditionsofextinction and autoignition are measured for jet propellant 8, Jet-A, and Fisher–Tropsch jet propellant 8. Thirteen surrogates of jetpropellant 8andone surrogate of Fisher–Tropsch jet propellant 8are tested. Itis foundthat criticalconditions of extinction and autoignition of jet propellant 8 and Jet-A are similar, while Fisher–Tropsch jet propellant 8 is morereactivethanjetpropellant8andJet-A.Amongthesurrogatestested,surrogateH[madeupofn-decane(80%) and 1, 3, 5-trimethylbenzene (20%) by liquid volume] and surrogate C [made up of n-dodecane (60%), methylcyclohexane (20%), and o-xylene (20%) by liquid volume] best reproduce extinction and autoignition characteristics of jet propellant 8. Surrogate G [made up ofn-decane (60%) and iso-octane (40%) by liquid volume] best reproduces the combustion characteristics of Fisher–Tropsch jet propellant 8.
Chlorination of 3-Substituted Sydnones with Dichloroiodobenzene (1996)

Abstract 3-Substituted sydnones (cf. 1) form the 4-chloro congeners 3 cleanly, in good yield using PhICl2 in the presence of triethylamine.
Privileged Access Management (2017)

PAM’s primary goal is to keep your organization safe from accidental or deliberate misuse of privileged credentials, the risks of which we have clearly defined. This threat is particularly relevant if your organization is evolving and experiencing change due to growth, new markets, and other business expansion initiatives. The larger and more complex your environment’s information technology systems become, the more privileged users you have. These include employees, contractors, remote, or even automated users.
40-Gb/s All-Optical Serial-to-Parallel Conversion Based on a Single SOA (2008)

An all-optical serial-to-parallel converter (AOSPC) was experimentally demonstrated. It could potentially be used to process variable-length optical packets. This scheme mainly consists of wavelength interleaved pulse generation and the sequential multiwavelength conversion (SMWC). The SMWC is based on a single semiconductor optical amplifier. In this research, a 40-Gb/s serial optical signal was converted into four-channel 10-Gb/s parallel optical signals. This scheme has the advantages of a simple system configuration, integration potential, and polarization independency. In addition, the AOSPC is suitable for an input signal with a low optical signal-to-noise ratio and at the same time can regenerate degraded serial signals.
In vitro effect of hyperthermia on natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (2000)

It is well known that hyperthermia (HY), which is used for the treatment of cancer, depresses natural cell-mediated immunity in vitro. Experiments were performed to confirm the inhibitory effect of HY (42 degrees C for 1 hour) on natural killer (NK) activity and to evaluate the influence of HY on the generation and cytotoxic activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated NK cells. Additional experiments were also carried out to evaluate the effect of a simultaneous exposure of effector and target cells to HY. The results showed that HY profoundly reduced the lytic activity of NK cells and demonstrated that this inhibition was transient and not due to an apoptosis-induced reduction of the number of effector cells. Moreover, the exposure of mononuclear cells to HY before IL-2 stimulation did not affect the generation of IL-2-activated NK cells, whereas, the hyperthermic treatment of IL-2-activated NK cells produced a marked reduction of their cytotoxic activity. The results also showed that the simultaneous exposure of effector and target cells to HY, during the cytotoxicity assay, produced a marked reduction of lytic activity of NK and IL-2-activated NK cells, and that this impairment was specific for effector cells. In this context, heat-exposure of target cells alone, did not substantially modify their susceptibility to lysis induced by either NK or IL-2-activated NK cells. These results add further evidence of HY-induced inhibition of natural cell-mediated immunity, and suggest that, in the course of therapeutic HY, immune response could be significantly altered.
Fuzzy logic based compensation of friction in low speed motion control (2002)

A fuzzy adaptive feedforward control scheme in conjunction with conventional linear feedback control is proposed for use in mechanical motion control systems where friction undermines performance. The proposed control scheme was realized in terms of three alternative control systems for low speed control of a DC motor driving a mechanical system having both dry and lubricated junctions. In experiments these alternative control systems achieved good tracking performance, i.e., without stick-slip type oscillations for reference speeds as low as 0.005 rad/sec, while conventional linear control without fuzzy adaptation exhibited large stick-slip type oscillations or poor tracking performance over the same range of reference speeds.
Effect of thermal history on high‐valence chromium ion dissolution in merwinite (3CaO·MgO·2SiO 2 ) (2018)

Abstract Solubility and local structure of transmission elements in calcium silicate compounds has not been well understood. We investigate the local structure of chromium ions dissolved in merwinite (3CaO·MgO·2SiO 2 ) of a monoclinic crystal structure. The acceptance of doping elements into merwinite has not been reported before. We found that chromium ions are soluble in merwinite in air and that chemical valence of the dissolved Cr ions varies with annealing temperature. The absorption edge in the x‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) of Cr‐doped merwinite indicated that octahedrally coordinated Cr 3+ ions were mainly formed when annealed at 1673 K in air. A pre‐edge peak was also detected, indicating the existence of tetrahedrally coordinated high‐valence Cr ions. Conversely, through annealing of merwinite at 1123 K in air, tetrahedrally coordinated Cr 6+ ions were found to be the main form of chromium. XANES spectra simulated by first‐principle calculations were used to explain the structural features in the observed spectra. We propose the coexistence of Cr 3+ ions in octahedral Mg 2+ sites and high‐valence Cr ions in tetrahedral Si 4+ sites. In addition, a change in the chromium ion oxidation state in tetrahedral coordination sites was suggested by XANES spectroscopy of Cr‐doped merwinite synthesized at 1673 K and reannealed at 1123 K.
Evaluation of Arthrocentesis with hyaluronic acid injections for management of temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and case series (2021)

Although arthrocentesis is an accepted safe treatment modality for the management of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in symptomatic patients, the benefit of hyaluronic acid (HA) injections remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether intra-articular HA injections adjunctive to arthrocentesis can be more effective than other medications for the improvement of TMD associated symptoms. Additionally, the impact of HA injections on quality of life of TMD patients was assessed with SF-36® questionnaire in a cohort of patients. An electronic search of Medline, Scopus and Cochrane databases was performed up to March 2020. The following search terms were used: "arthrocentesis", "hyaluronic acid", "intra-articular injections", "visco-supplementation", "temporomandibular disorders". Prospective and retrospective studies that reported the application of HA injections compared to other intra-articular drugs for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders were included. Systematic or narrative reviews and pre-clinical studies were excluded. Additionally, a retrospective clinical study was performed for evaluation of changes in quality of life before and after arthrocentesis with HA injections. In the systematic review, the initial search yielded 1327 articles. After screening of the titles, abstracts, and full texts, 29 studies were selected (26 randomized studies, 2 controlled clinical trials, 1 retrospective report). In the clinical study, 12 patients were included. Intra-articular injections of HA and other medications together with arthrocentesis seemed to be beneficial for improvement of functional symptoms of TMD and pain. The case series also supported the efficacy of HA injections showing an improvement of quality of life of these patients. However, from literature review, it was impossible to identify an optimum drug or a protocol for predictably improving the pain and/or functional symptoms of temporomandibular problems, due to different etiologies, diversity of treatment modalities and conflicting results. In conclusion, there is no consensus in the literature that HA injections shows better results in comparison with other treatment modalities. According to the results of the present clinical study, HA injections with/without arthrocentesis seems to be beneficial in terms of clinical symptoms and quality of life of the TMD patients.
Conflicting Biomedical Assumptions for Mathematical Modeling: The Case of Cancer Metastasis (2011)

Computational models in biomedicine rely on biological and clinical assumptions. The selection of these assumptions contributes substantially to modeling success or failure. Assumptions used by experts at the cutting edge of research, however, are rarely explicitly described in scientific publications. One can directly collect and assess some of these assumptions through interviews and surveys. Here we investigate diversity in expert views about a complex biological phenomenon, the process of cancer metastasis. We harvested individual viewpoints from 28 experts in clinical and molecular aspects of cancer metastasis and summarized them computationally. While experts predominantly agreed on the definition of individual steps involved in metastasis, no two expert scenarios for metastasis were identical. We computed the probability that any two experts would disagree on k or fewer metastatic stages and found that any two randomly selected experts are likely to disagree about several assumptions. Considering the probability that two or more of these experts review an article or a proposal about metastatic cascades, the probability that they will disagree with elements of a proposed model approaches 1. This diversity of conceptions has clear consequences for advance and deadlock in the field. We suggest that strong, incompatible views are common in biomedicine but largely invisible to biomedical experts themselves. We built a formal Markov model of metastasis to encapsulate expert convergence and divergence regarding the entire sequence of metastatic stages. This model revealed stages of greatest disagreement, including the points at which cancer enters and leaves the bloodstream. The model provides a formal probabilistic hypothesis against which researchers can evaluate data on the process of metastasis. This would enable subsequent improvement of the model through Bayesian probabilistic update. Practically, we propose that model assumptions and hunches be harvested systematically and made available for modelers and scientists.
Robust Noise Reduction and Echo Cancellation (2000)

Mobile phones used in cars require for safety reasons handset-free operation.This implies that a front-end is used which is able to reduce the ambient noise so that an acceptable intelligiblity is guaranteed for the far-end customer. Furthermore, the acoustic echo transmitted from the loudspeaker to the microphone has to be reduced so that it is not audible. Another aspect has to be taken into account: the system has to be robust, i.e. it has to be operable in a wide range of the signal-to-noise ratio down to 0 dB or less. Furthermore the demand for a-priori knowledge should be as low as possible because acquisition of knowledge induces time delays unacceptable for real-time systems and contradicts a low-cost solution which is required for a mass product. New developments in this paper concern the segmentation of the frequency band into subbands for all relevant components: noise reduction, echo cancellation and double-talk detection. Furthermore new concepts for echo reduction are presented.
Failure Risks in the Insurance Industry: A Quantitative Systems Analysis (2009)

Abstract We present in this article the findings from a study on insolvency in the property–casualty insurance industry that was commissioned by the Risk Foundation. The Risk Foundation contacted us for this work to draw from our experience in risk analysis based on systems analysis and probability. Therefore, we provide a different perspective on failure in the insurance industry by opening the “black box” to assess the contribution of different factors to the overall risk. Besides the development of a quantitative model for insolvency risk, our study for the Risk Foundation included insights from (1) unstructured interviews with 15 insurance industry experts and with six insurance regulators in different states, and (2) a statistical analysis of insolvency data (A.M. Best) covering the 1970 through 2005 period. Our focus here is centered on the practical insights that came out of the study, rather than on the technical details that led us to those insights.
A new model for mould prediction and its application in practice (2020)

In buildings growing conditions for mould fungi can occur and cause fungus infestation. The danger for the occupants of dwellings lies in the production and spreading of pathogens (disease causing agents). Therefore, consequent measures have to be taken to avoid health dangers that come from mould fungi in buildings. In order to avoid the mould fungus formation, a strategy has to be set up that focuses on the growth conditions for mould fungi. The most important boundary conditions for the growth of fungi are temperature, humidity and substrate conditions which have to be simultaneously available over a certain period of time. A new biohygrothermal procedure is developed, which allows the prediction of mould growth under transient boundary conditions. This new method is described and its application is demonstrated on different practical examples.
Mesenchymal precursor cells maintain the differentiation and proliferation potentials of breast epithelial cells (2014)

The described heterotypic co-culture system will prove useful for further characterization of the molecular mechanisms mediating interactions between human normal or neoplastic breast epithelial cells and the stroma, and will provide a framework to test the relevance of the ever-increasing number of oncogenomic alterations identified in human breast cancer.
IL-2 Expansion of T and NK Cells from Growth Factor-Mobilized Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Products (1998)

The expansion of T and natural killer (NK) cells in growth factor-mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (PSC) products with interleukin-2 (IL-2) requires a reduction in monocyte frequency. Monocytes are enriched with stem cells during apheresis and, in this series of growth factor-mobilized PSC products from breast cancer patients, represented 36 +/- 6% of the cells in the product. Immunophenotyping studies revealed that monocytes inhibited the proliferation of NK cells (CD56+ and CD3- CD8+ CD56+ cells) and T cells (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells) during IL-2 co-culture for 7, 14, or 21 days. A reduction in monocytes resulted in 61-fold expansion of CD3- CD8+ CD56+ cells compared with a 3.7-fold increase of CD3+ cells by day 21. In addition, following IL-2 co-culture, cells from PSC products with a reduced frequency of monocytes had a significantly increased T cell mitogenic response and NK cell activity in PSC products compared with intact products. We suggest that monocytes inhibit the IL-2-dependent proliferation and augmented function of NK and T cells from growth factor-mobilized PSC products.
A single mRNA vaccine dose in COVID-19 patients boosts neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern (2021)

The urgent need for, but limited availability of, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines worldwide has led to widespread consideration of dose-sparing strategies. Here, we evaluate the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses following BNT162b2 vaccination in 150 previously SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals from a population-based cohort. One week after first vaccine dose, spike protein antibody levels are 27-fold higher and neutralizing antibody titers 12-fold higher, exceeding titers of fully vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naive controls, with minimal additional boosting after the second dose. Neutralizing antibody titers against four variants of concern increase after vaccination; however, overall neutralization breadth does not improve. Pre-vaccination neutralizing antibody titers and time since infection have the largest positive effect on titers following vaccination. COVID-19 severity and the presence of comorbidities have no discernible impact on vaccine response. In conclusion, a single dose of BNT162b2 vaccine up to 15 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection offers higher neutralizing antibody titers than 2 vaccine doses in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals.
Controlled Experiments and Optimized Theory of Absorption Spectra of Li Metal and Salts (2021)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Abstract:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Investigations of Li metal and ionic compounds through experimental and theoretical spectroscopy has been of tremendous interest due to their prospective applications in Li-metal and Li-ion batteries. Li &lt;i&gt;K&lt;/i&gt;-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS) provides the most direct spectroscopic characterization; unfortunately, due to the low core-level energy and the highly reactive surface, Li&lt;i&gt;-K&lt;/i&gt; sXAS of Li metal has been extremely challenging, as evidenced by many controversial reports. Here, through controlled and ultra-high energy resolution experiments of two kinds of &lt;i&gt;in-situ&lt;/i&gt; prepared samples, we report the intrinsic Li&lt;i&gt;-K&lt;/i&gt; sXAS of Li-metal that displays a prominent leading peak, which has never been revealed before. Furthermore, theoretical simulations show that the Li&lt;i&gt;-K&lt;/i&gt; sXAS is strongly affected by the response of the valence electrons to the core-hole due to the low number of valence electrons in Li. We successfully reproduce the Li&lt;i&gt;-K&lt;/i&gt; sXAS by state-of-the-art calculations with considerations of a number of relevant parameters such as temperature, resolution, and especially contributions from transitions which are forbidden in the so-called single-particle treatment. Such a comparative experimental and theoretical investigation is further extended to a series of Li ionic compounds, which highlight the importance of considering the total and single-particle energies for obtaining an accurate alignment of the spectra. Our work provides the first reliable Li&lt;i&gt;-K&lt;/i&gt; sXAS of Li metal surface with advanced theoretical calculations. The experimental and theoretical results provide a critical benchmark for studying Li surface chemistry in both metallic and ionic states.
Folate-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles (Synthesis, Characterization and Design for Cancer Cells Nanotechnology-based Targeting) (2009)

A new folate-conjugated gold nanoparticle (AuNP) has been designed to selectively target the folate receptor that is overexpressed on the surface of tumoral cells. For this purpose, we made 4-aminothiophenol, as a bifunctional linker to react with HAuCl 4 in the presence of sodium borohydride and it was binded to the AuNP surface through its thiol group. Then, we conjugated amino-terminated nanoparticles to folic acid with an amide-linkage formation. Abstract A new folate-conjugated gold nanoparticle (AuNP) has been designed to selectively target the folate receptor that is overexpressed on the surface of tumoral cells. For this purpose, we made 4-aminothiophenol, as a bifunctional linker to react with HAuCl4 in the presence of sodium borohydride and it was binded to the AuNP surface through its thiol group. Then, we conjugated amino-terminated nanoparticles to folic acid with an amide-linkage formation. Finally, we evaluated the specific interaction between the folic acid and AuNP by the corresponding observed characteristic bands in the UV-vis and FTIR spectra. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images reveal the spherical AuNPs formation induced by the bifunctional linker. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the metallic face- centered cubic (FCC) lattice structure with (111), (200), (220), and (311) crystal planes. We estimated the average size of the conjugated nanoparticles to be about 5 nm by TEM and XRD. The Elemental analysis and atomic absorption showed 59 % organic molecules on the surface of AuNPs.
Further Account of the Boring at Kotah, Deccan; and a notice of an Ichthyolite from that place (1853)

In the August number of the Quarterly Journal of the Society for 1852 (vol. viii. p. 230) is an account of the boring lately made at Kotah*, in the Deccan, in the search for coal; and at page 272 of the seventh volume of the Journal is an account of the fossil fish ( Lepidotus Deccanensis ) from the bituminous shale met with in the boring. In the present communication Dr. Bell states that, on account of the washing in of the soil, it was found necessary to make a new bore. After taking precautionary measures, by constructing a wooden shaft through the alluvium, the boring was carried through the 27 feet of limestones, shales, &c. that were penetrated the previous year (1851), and a further depth of 64 feet 11 inches attained.

An Ichthyolite having been found in a slab of limestone from the loose mass by the river side, noticed in Dr. Bell's former paper (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. viii. p. 232), and which Dr. Bell regards as having been forced up by the action of the river, it has been forwarded to England by General Fraser; and Col. Sykes having submitted the specimen to Sir P. Egerton, he was favoured by Sir Philip with the following opinion respecting the character and relations of this Indian fossil fish:—

“It belongs to the section of the genus Dapedius with sing1e pointed teeth;—Tetragonolepis of Agassiz—not of Bronn*. It appears to be a new species, differing from those hitherto described in the
Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Imines with a Chiral Titanocene Catalyst: Scope and Limitations (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Imines with a Chiral Titanocene Catalyst: Scope and LimitationsChristopher A. Willoughby and Stephen L. BuchwaldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 20, 8952–8965Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00099a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00099a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3181Altmetric-Citations257LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts