gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Economic Analysis of Pharmaceutical Technologies in Modern Beef Production (2007)

Cattle production is the largest single agricultural sector in the U.S. with cash receipts of $49.2 billion in 2005. Like the rest of agriculture cattle producers have adopted efficiency and quality improving technology to meet consumer demands for a safe, wholesome, and affordable food supply. This research uses meta analysis to combine over 170 research trials evaluating pharmaceutical technologies in the cow-calf, stocker, and feedlot segments of beef production. These results were used to estimate the farm level economic value of parasite control, growth promotant implants, sub-therapeutic antibiotics, ionophores, and beta agonists for the industry in 2005. The Food and Agriculture Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) model of U.S. agriculture was used to estimate the impact on beef production, price, and trade and the rest of agriculture if these pharmaceutical technologies were not available. Using 2005 prices and production levels the cost savings of the five pharmaceutical technologies evaluated was over $360 head over the lifetime of the animal. Selling prices would have to increase 36% to cover the increase in costs. The resulting industry would have a similar beef cow inventory, lower beef production, and higher prices from retail through to producers. However, the higher prices do not fully offset the higher cost of production. Some consumers are requesting “natural” or organically produced beef and a portion of consumers are willing to pay a premium for these products. However, if pharmaceutical technologies were not available in the US cost of production would rise forcing some producers and resources out of cattle production. The smaller industry and domestic beef supply, increased net beef imports, and higher prices to all consumers.
Detection of very early stent healing after primary angioplasty: an optical coherence tomographic observational study of chromium cobaltum and first-generation drug-eluting stents. The DETECTIVE Study (2011)

In conclusion, our data show that in patients with STEMI, a very high percentage of stent struts is covered by an early thin rim of tissue within 7 days after stent positioning. The present data bring new insights in the mechanism and timing of strut coverage.
ChemInform Abstract: A Diphenylprolinol TMS Ether/Bile Acid Organocatalytic System for the Asymmetric Domino Sulfa‐Michael/Aldol Condensation Reactions of 1,4‐Dithiane‐2,5‐diol and Cinnamaldehydes. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Microscopic four-point probe (u4PP) based on SU-8 cantilevers (2005)

Four-point probes (4PPs) are used for the resistivity measurement of thin metal or semiconductor films. There is an interest in miniaturization of 4PPs to obtain higher surface sensitivity, increased spatial resolution and less damage to the sample. Several attempts have been made to reduce the probe spacing, e.g. a four-tip scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was reported and a 4PP based on silicon cantilevers was designed. This paper shows design, fabrication and characterisation of a micrometer scale 4PP (micro4PP) device based on SU-8-cantilevers. The photoresist SU-8 has appropriate mechanical properties that make it an excellent candidate material for active parts in selecterd micro-mechanical applications such as cantilevers for scanning probe methods.
Production and separation of manganese peroxidase from heme amended yeast cultures (2007)

A method for the production and concentration of the lignin-degrading enzyme, manganese peroxidase (rMnP), was developed using the yeast Pichia pastoris in high cell density, fed-batch cultivations. A gene encoding manganese peroxidase (mnp1) from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was cloned into a protease deficient (pep4-) strain of the methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Heme is an important cofactor for active rMnP production, and amendment of yeast cultures with heme increased active rMnP concentrations. In both shake-flasks and fed-batch bioreactors, the relationship between heme concentration and rMnP activity was logarithmic, with increasing heme concentrations resulting in progressively lesser increases in enzyme activity. Scale-up from shake-flasks to 2 L fed-batch cultivations increased rMnP activities from 200 U/L to 2,500 U/L, with addition of 0.1 g/L heme (added heme per liquid volume) at the beginning of the fed-batch phase resulting in higher enzyme activities than addition at the beginning of the batch phase. A combination of centrifugation, acetone precipitation, dialysis, and freeze drying was found to be effective for concentrating the rMnP from 2,500 U/L in the P. pastoris bioreactor culture to 30,000 U/L in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer pH 6. The rMnP recovery yield was 60% and the purity was 1-4%. By using 0.1 g/L heme during the fed-batch cultivation, the heme content of the final enzyme preparation could be reduced by 97%, and had sufficiently high rMnP activity and low enough color to be suitable for pulp bleaching experiments.
Carbon dioxide capture in 2-aminoethanol aqueous solution from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations (2017)

The reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with aqueous 2-aminoethanol (MEA) has been investigated using both blue moon ensemble and metadynamics approaches combined with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. The AIMD simulations predicted the spontaneous deprotonation of the intermediate compound, MEA zwitterion, and they were used to study two possible routes for subsequent proton transfer reactions: the formation of the protonated MEA and the formation of MEA carbamic acid. The free-energy curve depicted by blue moon ensemble technique supported the favorable deprotonation of MEA zwitterion. The overall free-energy profile showed the favorable formation of the ionic products of MEA carbamate ion and protonated MEA.
Digoxin Population Pharmacokinetics from Routine Clinical Data: Role of Patient Characteristics for Estimating Dosing Regimens (1992)

Abstract Routine clinical pharmacokinetic data collected from patients receiving digoxin have been analysed to evaluate the role of patient characteristics for estimating dosing regimens. The data were analysed using NONMEM, a computer program designed for population pharmacokinetic analysis that allows pooling of data. The pharmacokinetic model of digoxin was described using a one-compartment steady-state model. The effect of a variety of developmental and demographic factors on clearance was investigated. NONMEM estimates indicate that digoxin clearance was influenced by the demographic variables of age, total body weight, serum creatinine and sex. The interindividual variability in digoxin clearance was modelled with additive error with an estimated standard deviation of 46·15 L day−1 and the intraindividual variability, or residual error was 0·209 ng mL−1. The dosing method based on clearance values obtained by NONMEM analysis allowed the prediction of the steady-state concentration as a function of maintenance dose with acceptable error for therapeutic drug monitoring.
PoseBERT: A Generic Transformer Module for Temporal 3D Human Modeling (2022)

Training state-of-the-art models for human pose estimation in videos requires datasets with annotations that are really hard and expensive to obtain. Although transformers have been recently utilized for body pose sequence modeling, related methods rely on pseudo-ground truth to augment the currently limited training data available for learning such models. In this paper, we introduce PoseBERT, a transformer module that is fully trained on 3D Motion Capture (MoCap) data via masked modeling. It is simple, generic and versatile, as it can be plugged on top of any image-based model to transform it in a video-based model leveraging temporal information. We showcase variants of PoseBERT with different inputs varying from 3D skeleton keypoints to rotations of a 3D parametric model for either the full body (SMPL) or just the hands (MANO). Since PoseBERT training is task agnostic, the model can be applied to several tasks such as pose refinement, future pose prediction or motion completion without finetuning. Our experimental results validate that adding PoseBERT on top of various state-of-the-art pose estimation methods consistently improves their performances, while its low computational cost allows us to use it in a real-time demo for smoothly animating a robotic hand via a webcam. Test code and models are available at https://github.com/naver/posebert.
Radio-over-Fibre access for sustainable Digital Cities (2013)

Pervasive broadband access will transform cities to the net social, environmental and economic benefit of the e-City dweller as did the introduction of utility and transport network infrastructures. Yet without action, the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions attributable to the increasing energy consumption of access networks will become a serious threat to the environment. This paper introduces the vision of a ‘sustainable Digital City’ and then considers strategies to overcome economic and technical hurdles faced by engineers responsible for developing the information and communications technology (ICT) network infrastructure of a Digital City. In particular, ICT energy consumption, already an issue from an operating cost perspective, is responsible for 3 % of global energy consumption and is growing unsustainably. A grand challenge is to conceive of networks, systems and devices that together can cap wireless network energy consumption whilst accommodating growth in the number of subscribers and the bandwidth of services. This paper provides some first research directions to tackle this grand challenge. A distributed antenna system with radio frequency (RF) transport over an optical fibre (or optical wireless in benign environments) distribution network is identified as best suited to wireless access in cluttered urban environments expected in a Digital City from an energy consumption perspective. This is a similar architecture to Radio-over-Fibre which, for decades, has been synonymous with RF transport over analogue intensity-modulated direct detection optical links. However, it is suggested herein that digital coherent optical transport of RF holds greater promise than the orthodox approach. The composition of the wireless and optical channels is then linear, which eases the digital signal processing tasks and permits robust wireless protocols to be used end-to-end natively which offers gains in terms of capacity and energy efficiency. The arguments are supported by simulation studies of distributed antenna systems and digital coherent Radio-over-Fibre links.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Trimethylsilylpropyl Substituted Benzimidazoles. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Palladium-Catalyzed C3-Benzylation of Indoles (2011)

A general method for regioselective C3-benzylation of indoles has been developed. Various 3-substituted indoles and benzyl methyl carbonates with different electronic properties react under mild conditions to afford a diverse range of 3-benzylindolenine products in good yields.
Eddy turbulence parameters inferred from radar observations at Jicamarca (2007)

Abstract. Significant electron density striations, neutral temperatures 27 K above nominal, and intense wind shear were observed in the E-region ionosphere over the Jicamarca Radio Observatory during an unusual event on 26 July 2005 (Hysell et al., 2007). In this paper, these results are used to estimate eddy turbulence parameters and their effects. Models for the thermal balance in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere and the charged particle density in the E region are developed here. The thermal balance model includes eddy conduction and viscous dissipation of turbulent energy as well as cooling by infrared radiation. The production and recombination of ions and electrons in the E region, together with the production and transport of nitric oxide, are included in the plasma density model. Good agreement between the model results and the experimental data is obtained for an eddy diffusion coefficient of about 1×103 m2/s at its peak, which occurs at an altitude of 107 km. This eddy turbulence results in a local maximum of the temperature in the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere and could correspond either to an unusually high mesopause or to a double mesosphere. Although complicated by plasma dynamic effects and ongoing controversy, our interpretation of Farley-Buneman wave phase velocity (Hysell et al., 2007) is consistent with a low Brunt-Väisälä frequency in the region of interest. Nitric oxide transport due to eddy diffusion from the lower thermosphere to the mesosphere causes electron density changes in the E region whereas NO density modulation due to irregularities in the eddy diffusion coefficient creates variability in the electron density.
Design of integrated eye tracker-display device for head mounted systems (2009)

We propose an Eye Tracker/Display system, based on a novel, dual function device termed ETD, which allows sharing the optical paths of the Eye tracker and the display and on-chip processing. The proposed ETD design is based on a CMOS chip combining a Liquid-Crystal-on-Silicon (LCoS) micro-display technology with near infrared (NIR) Active Pixel Sensor imager. The ET operation allows capturing the Near IR (NIR) light, back-reflected from the eye's retina. The retinal image is then used for the detection of the current direction of eye's gaze. The design of the eye tracking imager is based on the "deep p-well" pixel technology, providing low crosstalk while shielding the active pixel circuitry, which serves the imaging and the display drivers, from the photo charges generated in the substrate. The use of the ETD in the HMD Design enables a very compact design suitable for Smart Goggle applications. A preliminary optical, electronic and digital design of the goggle and its associated ETD chip and digital control, are presented.
The Design of CMOS Electrode-Tissue Impedance Measurement Circuit Using Differential Current Switch with CMFB Bias for Implantable Neuro-Modulation SoCs (2019)

A new electrode-tissue impedance measurement circuit integrated with a System-on-Chip (SoC) is proposed and designed for implantable medical devices to monitor the electrode-tissue contact status. In the proposed circuit, a differential step current is injected into the electrode-tissue structure to generate a voltage. A differential current switch with a common-mode feedback (CMFB) bias circuit and shaped control signals are designed to generate accurate step currents and stable common-mode bias voltage. Moreover, the measurement circuit shares part of the bio-signal acquisition circuit in the SoC. Thus only an extra power dissipation of 4.3μW is needed at the operating frequency of 15.625Hz. The proposed circuit is fabricated by 0.18 um CMOS technology. The measurement results have shown that the resolution is 17 Ωpp and the maximum error is 3.4% for an impedance of 46kΩ. The proposed circuit is also verified in an in-vitro test by measuring the electrode-tissue impedance of a subdural grid electrode sunk in the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer.
<title>SWANET: an all-optical self-routed wavelength-addressable network</title> (1995)

In this paper, we introduce a novel self-routed wavelength-addressable switching network (SWANET) that provides wavelength-transparent optical data paths between end-point, configured by wavelength-coded optical signals. The network is based on a new scheme for encoding destination addresses using a sequence of wavelengths. This allows large networks to be constructed using a moderate number of available wavelengths. The multistage switch architecture may be used either as a circuit switch or as a packet switch. We describe the architecture of SWANET and the design of its switch nodes. We also analyze the effect of fiber dispersion on the transmission time of the header and evaluate the tradeoffs involved in minimizing the header transmission time.
A multi-channel decimator for a tri-level delta-sigma modulator (2002)

An 8-channel decimation filter, cascadable to 1024 channels, for use with a tri-level delta-sigma modulator (DSM) is described. The filter incorporates a least mean squares (LMS) adaptive correction algorithm to digitally correct the tri-level DSM input data. Additionally, digital offset and gain calibration features and output limiting circuitry reduce the requirements on the analog input to the DSM. The decimation ratio is 128 to 1 and the output data is 22 bits with an integrated floor of -116 dB. The filter coefficient design procedure was unique requiring both impulse response and frequency response optimization. LMS correction can improve the Signal-Noise Ratio by 40 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Associations of baseline and longitudinal change in cerebellum volume with age-related changes in verbal learning and memory (2023)

The cerebellum is involved in higher-order cognitive functions, e.g., learning and memory, and is susceptible to age-related atrophy. Yet, the cerebellum's role in age-related cognitive decline remains largely unknown. We investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between cerebellar volume and verbal learning and memory. Linear mixed effects models and partial correlations were used to examine the relationship between changes in cerebellum volumes (total cerebellum, cerebellum white matter [WM], cerebellum hemisphere gray matter [GM], and cerebellum vermis subregions) and changes in verbal learning and memory performance among 549 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants (2,292 visits). All models were adjusted by baseline demographic characteristics (age, sex, race, education), and APOE e4 carrier status. In examining associations between change with change, we tested an additional model that included either hippocampal (HC), cuneus, or postcentral gyrus (PoCG) volumes to assess whether cerebellar volumes were uniquely associated with verbal learning and memory. Cross-sectionally, the association of baseline cerebellum GM and WM with baseline verbal learning and memory was age-dependent, with the oldest individuals showing the strongest association between volume and performance. Baseline volume was not significantly associated with change in learning and memory. However, analysis of associations between change in volumes and changes in verbal learning and memory showed that greater declines in verbal memory were associated with greater volume loss in cerebellum white matter, and preserved GM volume in cerebellum vermis lobules VI-VII. The association between decline in verbal memory and decline in cerebellar WM volume remained after adjustment for HC, cuneus, and PoCG volume. Our findings highlight that associations between cerebellum volume and verbal learning and memory are age-dependent and regionally specific.
Neurophysiological Requirements for Implanted Cochlear Prostheses (1979)

Regarding the neurophysiological requirements for implanted cochlear prostheses, we have discussed (i) the complexity of speech sounds, (ii) problems of intensity, then (iii) the frequency problem, and (iv) finally the possibility of a frequency transposition to the genuine frequency range of a single fibre of any mechanoreceptor and its connecting nerve fibre (less than 1 kHz) for the construction of an intracochlear prosthesis. In general it would seem necessary to seek compromises based on the fact that speech, at least the vowels, contains redundancy and that the use of additional sensory channels might be helpful for cochlear implants. Certainly besides other preprocessing techniques for speech information, the multichannel stimulation set-up of special electrodes has to be used to convey a sufficient amount of speech information to restore the faculty of speech perception in completely deaf patients. Decompression of intensity range and compression of frequency range might be especially useful.
Per‐operative topical administration of ZK 36 374 (iloprost) acts favorably on patency of small artery anastomoses in rats (1987)

Aspirin (group I, 20 mg/kg, 0.5 hour preoperatively, ip, xylocaine (group II, topical administration of 1 ml of a 2% solution), and ZK 36,374 (Iloprost) either pre- or per- or postoperatively (group III, 10 micrograms/kg 0.5 hour peroperatively iv; group IV, topical administration of 1 ml of a solution containing 25 micrograms/ml peroperatively; and group V, 10 micrograms/kg 0.5 hour postoperatively iv) were given to groups of BN female rats in order to improve the patency rate of small artery (less than 0.5 mm) anastomoses. The rats in group VI received saline peroperatively by topical application, this group served as a control. The patency was established by means of arteriography and macroscopical examination. Neither aspirin nor xylocaine improved the number of successful anastomoses. However, Iloprost administered topically, while performing the anastomosis, substantially improved the patency rate when compared with group VI, the control group. In the control group only five out of 21 animals showed patent anastomoses, whereas in group IV (Iloprost, topical administration) seven out of ten operations were successful. The results suggest that Iloprost applied locally could be helpful in clinical microsurgery for elective operations as well as in replantation surgery.
Accelerating multi-media processing by implementing memoing in multiplication and division units (1998)

This paper proposes a technique that enables performing multi-cycle (multiplication, division, square-root &amp;hellip;) computations in a single cycle. The technique is based on the notion of memoing: saving the input and output of previous calculations and using the output if the input is encountered again. This technique is especially suitable for Multi-Media (MM) processing. In MM applications the local entropy of the data tends to be low which results in repeated operations on the same datum.The inputs and outputs of assembly level operations are stored in cache-like lookup tables and accessed in parallel to the conventional computation. A successful lookup gives the result of a multi-cycle computation in a single cycle, and a failed lookup doesn't necessitate a penalty in computation time.Results of simulations have shown that on the average, for a modestly sized memo-table, about 40% of the floating point multiplications and 50% of the floating point divisions, in Multi-Media applications, can be avoided by using the values within the memo-table, leading to an average computational speedup of more than 20%.