gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Beam Training Technique for Millimeter-Wave Cellular Systems with an Intelligent Reflective Surface (2021)

The concept of an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has recently emerged as a promising solution for improving the coverage and energy/spectral efficiency of future wireless communication systems. However, as the number of reflecting elements in an IRS increase, the beam training protocol in IRS-assisted millimeter-wave (mmWave) cellular systems requires a large beam training time because it needs to find the best beam pairs for the link between the base station (BS) and the IRS, as well as the link between the IRS and the mobile station (MS). In this paper, a fast beam training technique for IRS-assisted mmWave cellular systems with a uniform rectangular array is proposed for detecting the best beam pairs of BS-IRS and IRS-MS links simultaneously. Two different types of beam training signals (BTSs) are proposed to distinguish simultaneously transmitted beams from the BSs in multi-cell multi-beam environments: the Zadoff-Chu sequence based BTS (ZC-BTS) and m-sequence based BTS (m-BTS). The correlation properties of ZC-BTSs and m-BTSs are analyzed in multi-cell multi-beam environments. In addition, the effect of symbol time offset on the ZC-BTS and m-BTS is analyzed. Finally, simulation results reveal that the proposed technique can significantly reduce the beam training time for IRS-assisted mmWave cellular systems.
13C‐ENDOR Investigation of an Organic Tetraradical in the Quintet State; Synthesis of a Fourfold 13C‐Labeled Tetrakisgalvinol (1986)

K13CN was used as the source of 13C in the significantly improved synthesis of the tetrakisgalvinol 1. The quintet state of the tetraradical of 1 was unequivocally confirmed by the measured 13 C hyperfine coupling parameters as well as the multiplicity of the EPR spectrum.
Fundamentals in Laparoscopic Surgery (2020)

The use of laparoscopic surgery has rapidly expanded since the laparoscope merged with the video camera in the mid-1980s. Since then, significant developments of laparoscopic equipment and instruments have been made. Along with the technology, surgical skills have also improved with the incorporation of advanced laparoscopic techniques, allowing surgeons to safely perform a multitude of laparoscopic interventions. Apart from the state-of-the-art equipment and surgical expertise, laparoscopic procedures are usually technically demanding, requiring well-trained operative teams and good coordination with an anesthesiologist well versed in laparoscopy. Putting everything to work in perfect combination can make the difference between a safe, efficient operation and a long, difficult procedure that will increase the risk of perioperative and postoperative complications.
A Wearable Wireless RFID System for Accessible Shopping Environments (2008)

Present day shopping environments are centered around the needs of the consumer, and they aim to facilitate convenient access to different product lines varying from groceries to books to everyday electronics. Supermarkets and hypermarkets are examples of trends that have evolved providing a rich sh
Two Crystal Structures of the B1 Immunoglobulin-Binding Domain of Streptococcal Protein G and Comparison with NMR (1994)

The structure of the 56-residue B1 immunoglobulin-binding domain from streptococcal protein G has been determined in two different crystal forms. The crystal structures were deduced by molecular replacement, based on the structure of the B2 domain (Brookhaven accession code 1PGX). Final R values are 0.174 and 0.198 for orthorhombic and trigonal forms, for diffraction data from 6.0 to 2.07 A and from 6 to 1.92 A, respectively. The orthorhombic crystals have an unusually high packing density for protein crystals, with Vm = 1.66 and a solvent content of 26%. The protein structure is found to be very similar (rms deviation 0.25 A for 56 C alpha's) in the two crystal forms, with an efficiently packed hydrophobic core between a four-stranded beta-sheet and a four-turn alpha-helix. The B1 domain has the same fold and general structure as the B2 domain (rms deviations 0.36 and 0.39 A), despite the six residue differences between them. The crystallographic models differ from NMR-derived models in several local regions, primarily in the loop involving residues 46-51; other significant variations are observed in the helix and in the structure of bound water. The primary crystal contact is the same in both crystal forms, involving both sheet edges to form extended beta-sheets throughout the crystals.
Local Binary Patterns and Its Application to Facial Image Analysis: A Survey (2011)

Local binary pattern (LBP) is a nonparametric descriptor, which efficiently summarizes the local structures of images. In recent years, it has aroused increasing interest in many areas of image processing and computer vision and has shown its effectiveness in a number of applications, in particular for facial image analysis, including tasks as diverse as face detection, face recognition, facial expression analysis, and demographic classification. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of LBP methodology, including several more recent variations. As a typical application of the LBP approach, LBP-based facial image analysis is extensively reviewed, while its successful extensions, which deal with various tasks of facial image analysis, are also highlighted.
Initial phase I study of XR5944, a novel DNA and RNA targeting agent (2004)

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New Signal Processing for Fast and Precise QEPAS Measurements (2019)

Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) gas sensors have been widely developed over the last decade. This technique takes the advantage of a high quality factor tuning fork to enable high-sensitivity and high-selectivity miniature gas sensors. Lock-in detection is classically used to measure the resonator amplitude, which is proportional to the gas concentration, but this technique is slow and leads to measurement drifts as it does not follow the resonator frequency drifts over temperature and pressure. This article presents a new QEPAS signal processing technique that allows faster and more stable measurements that will enable accurate and fast multigas sensors.
Resistance to chemically-induced mammary tumors in Copenhagen X nude- derived F2 athymic rats: evidence that T-cell immunity is not involved in Copenhagen resistance (1997)

Resistance to chemically-induced mammary tumors in the Copenhagen rat is well defined, but the mechanism of resistance has yet to be determined. We have tested whether or not Copenhagen rat resistance is dependent on T-cells, since several lines of evidence supported an involvement of the immune system. We crossed Copenhagen rats with an athymic nude rat to produce F1s, that were interbred to produce F2 animals, some of which were athymic with partial Copenhagen rat background. A comparison of the mammary tumor incidences between the nude athymic F2 animals and their non-nude littermates allowed us to determine what role, if any, T-cells played in resistance. Following treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, we observed no difference in the tumor incidences between the two groups. Furthermore, the mammary tumor incidences in the F2 nude and non-nude animals was almost zero. These results indicate that T-cells are not involved in Cop resistance, and that nude rats are resistant to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary tumorigenesis.
Optimization for Statistical Machine Translation: A Survey (2016)

In statistical machine translation (SMT), the optimization of the system parameters to maximize translation accuracy is now a fundamental part of virtually all modern systems. In this article, we survey 12 years of research on optimization for SMT, from the seminal work on discriminative models (Och and Ney 2002) and minimum error rate training (Och 2003), to the most recent advances. Starting with a brief introduction to the fundamentals of SMT systems, we follow by covering a wide variety of optimization algorithms for use in both batch and online optimization. Specifically, we discuss losses based on direct error minimization, maximum likelihood, maximum margin, risk minimization, ranking, and more, along with the appropriate methods for minimizing these losses. We also cover recent topics, including large-scale optimization, nonlinear models, domain-dependent optimization, and the effect of MT evaluation measures or search on optimization. Finally, we discuss the current state of affairs in MT optimization, and point out some unresolved problems that will likely be the target of further research in optimization for MT.
Fabrication of Micrometer-Scaled Hierarchical Tubular Structures of CuS Assembled by Nanoflake-built Microspheres Using an In Situ Formed Cu(I) Complex as a Self-Sacrificed Template (2007)

Micrometer-scaled hierarchical tubular structures of CuS assembled by nanoflake-built microspheres were first synthesized in high yield via a one-pot intermediate crystal templating process without surfactant or added templates, in which the intermediate complex Cu3(TAA)3Cl3 formed in situ and subsequently served as a self-sacrificed template. Whereas the intermediate complex and final hierarchical structures were well characterized, the formation mechanism was preliminarily studied based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations by arresting the growth at a series of intermediate stages in the formation of the hierarchical tubular structures. The benefits for the as-obtained nanostructures arise from their ultrahigh Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) value and the potential capacity advantage for the catalyst industry and hydrogen storage.
Differential Utilization of Saturated Palmitate and Unsaturated Oleate (2005)

We recently described a primarily reduced palmitate oxidation in myotubes established from type 2 diabetic subjects, whereas triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation seemed to be adaptive. However, it is still uncertain whether these changes are similar for saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and whether high concentrations of glucose and/or insulin may change this picture. Studies of palmitic acid and oleic acid metabolism in human myotubes established from control and type 2 diabetic subjects under conditions of acute high concentrations of insulin and/or glucose may solve these questions. Total oleic acid and palmitic acid uptake in myotubes was increased during acute insulin stimulation (P < 0.01) but not under acute, high-glucose concentrations, and no differences were found between the groups. Type 2 diabetic myotubes expressed a reduced palmitic acid oxidation to carbon dioxide (P </= 0.04), whereas oleic acid oxidation showed no differences between myotubes from both groups. High glucose concentrations decreased oleic acid oxidation (P </= 0.03). Lipid distribution was not different in diabetic and control myotubes when palmitic acid and oleic acid incorporation into cellular lipids was compared. Myotubes that were exposed to palmitic acid showed an increased palmitic acid incorporation into diacylglycerol (DAG) and TAG compared with myotubes that were exposed to oleic acid (P < 0.05) expressing an increased intracellular free fatty acid (FFA) level (P < 0.05). Lipid distribution was not affected by high glucose, whereas insulin increased FFAs, DAG, and TAG (P < 0.05). De novo lipid synthesis from glucose in both diabetic and control myotubes was of the same magnitude independent of glucose and insulin concentrations. These results indicate that palmitic acid and oleic acid are utilized in the same pattern in diabetic and control myotubes even though palmitic acid oxidation is primarily reduced in diabetic cells. Palmitic acid and oleic acid are handled differently by myotubes: Palmitic acid seems to accumulate as DAG and TAG, whereas oleic acid accumulates as intracellular FFAs. These observations indicate that oleic acid is preferable as fatty acid as it accumulates to a lesser extent as DAG and TAG than palmitic acid. Neither acute hyperglycemia nor de novo lipid synthesis from glucose seems central to the TAG accumulation in obesity or type 2 diabetes.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐Linked 8‐Aryl Guanine Nucleobase Adducts: Biological Outcomes and Utility as Fluorescent Probes (2016)

Abstract Review: 102 refs.
Vertical Handover Support for Multimode Mobile Terminal using Multi-Homed MIPv4 (2006)

Basic mobile IPv4 (MIPv4) operation constraints applications bound to the same home address (HoA) to use the same physical interface because traffic is only tunneled towards a single care-of-address (CoA) by the home agent (HA). This prevents different applications from using different physical interfaces. Solutions to address this problem have been proposed that require configuration of filters in the HA to tunnel traffic towards different CoAs but these require modifications to the network, and additional signaling between the mobile terminal (MT) and the network. This paper describes a solution to support multimode operation using MIPv4 with no changes to the network, as well as the multimode MT architecture supporting such MIPv4 operation.
Clinical correlates of splenic histopathology and splenic karyotype in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (2001)

Splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis is an integral component of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) and may be classified into 3 distinct histologic patterns of infiltration by myeloid precursors: diffuse, nodular, and a predominance of immature granulocytes. These 3 histologic patterns occurred in 121 (56.8%), 75 (35.2%), and 17 (8%), respectively, of 213 patients with MMM who underwent splenectomy at a single institution. In general, karyotypic findings in splenic tissue (n = 92) were similar to those seen in the bone marrow. The histologic pattern of immature granulocyte predominance, the presence of microscopic splenic infarcts (26 patients), or the detection of an abnormal splenic karyotype (52 patients) was significantly associated with decreased postsplenectomy survival. These adverse features were also associated with characteristics of advanced disease. These observations support the bone marrow origin of the myeloid progenitor pool in the spleen of patients with MMM and suggest a prognostic value for splenic histopathology and karyotype. (Blood. 2001;97:3665-3667)
Human Sperm Bioassay Has Potential in Evaluating the Quality of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes (1996)

Human sperm bioassay is routinely used as a quality control check for the culture media. This is one of the three bioassays chosen by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) for interlaboratory proficiency testing to assess the standards of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and andrology laboratories. This study utilized sperm bioassay to assess the quality of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) retrieved in IVF procedures COCs, harvested from the female partner of IVF couples, undergoing identical ovarian stimulation protocols, were individually inseminated with the sperm of the corresponding male partner. Sperm motility in sperm-COC cocultures were compared. Cocultures were established by inseminating the 103 COCs, retrieved from 18 IVF couples with 1 x 10(5) to 2 x 10(5) sperm of the corresponding male partners of the couples. In all 18 cases, the sperm were prepared identically using the Percoll wash method. The cocultures were maintained for 48 h but the oocytes were removed immediately after the fertilization check (approximately 16 h). The motility of sperm in the cocultures and in the insemination stocks were noted and 17 of 18 sperm stocks used for insemination had similar high preinsemination motility (90.2 +/- 5.0%). At 48 h the sperm motility had significantly decreased in the cocultures compared to the insemination stocks; 52.7 +/- 19.9% versus 67.2 +/- 10.4%. There was no difference in the motility among the small, medium, and large COCs (56.4 +/- 24.6%, 52.5 +/- 17.9%, and 50.8 +/- 20.9%, respectively). In 45% of IVF cases, the motility in cocultures varied widely, falling below as well as above that of their corresponding insemination stocks. Furthermore, the sperm motility varied among the cocultures in both pregnant and nonpregnant patients but the extent of variation appears to be greater in the latter. The inter-COC coculture sperm motility variation most likely is due to the differences in the quality of cumulus-oocyte complexes.
Ozonolysis of unsaturated fatty acids. II. Esterification of the total products from the oxidative decomposition of ozonides with 2,2-dimethoxypropane (1967)

The total acidic products from the performic acid oxidation of the ozonide of methyl oleate formed in methanol may be esterified directly in a few hours with 2,2-dimethoxypropane. The ester concentrations are adequate for the determination of the positional isomers of monoethylenic fatty acids directly from the reaction mixture, using a hydrogen flame ionization gas–liquid chromatography detector. Dimethyl sulfoxide was not required to prevent the breakdown of 2,2-dimethoxypropane under the conditions employed.
Primary structure of the oligosaccharide determinant of blood group Cad specificity. (1983)

Glycophorin A and B from Cad erythrocyte membranes are the carriers of the blood group Cad determinants. They are characterized by a significant increase in molecular mass, as compared to the corresponding glycophorins from control erythrocytes (Cartron, J.-P., and Blanchard, D. (1982) Biochem. J. 207, 497-504). Lipid-free glycophorin A, purified from Cad red cells, showed an increased GalNAc content in comparison to blood group B, Cad-negative, control cells. Alkaline-borohydride treatment of this Cad glycophorin A released as a predominant species a pentasaccharide; its structure was determined, by methylation analysis and by 500-MHz 1H-NMR studies, to be: (formula; see text) This novel oligosaccharide inhibited strongly the hemagglutination of Cad erythrocytes by the Dolichos biflorus lectin. It shares with the blood group Sda determinant a terminal GalNAc beta (1 leads to 4)Gal beta (1 leads to .) sequence.
Efficient laser-diode end-pumped Nd:GGG lasers at 1054 and 1067  nm (2014)

Efficient and compact laser-diode end-pumped Nd:GGG simultaneous multiwavelength continuous-wave lasers at ∼1059, ∼1060 and ∼1062 nm were first demonstrated in a free-running 30 mm plano-concave laser cavity. The maximum output power was up to 3.92 W with a slope efficiency of about 53.6% with respect to the absorbed pump power. By inserting a 0.1 mm optical glass plate acting as a Fabry-Pérot etalon, a single-wavelength laser at ∼1067 nm with a maximum output power of 1.95 W and a slope efficiency of 28.5% can be obtained. Multiwavelength lasers, including those at ∼1054 or ∼1067 nm, were also achievable by suitably tilting the glass etalon. These simultaneous multiwavelength lasers provide a potential source for terahertz wave generation.
Hierarchical Supermolecular Structures for Sustained Drug Release (2009)

Fiber-like supermolecular structures having hierarchical order are formed from the coassembly of stereoregular poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polylactide (PEG-b-PLA) block copolymers with paclitaxel, a well-known anticancer drug (see image). Importantly, these paclitaxel- loaded block copolymer complexes possess a PEG shell, show stable sustained release of the drug under simulated physiological conditions, and have great potential in clinical applications for localized drug delivery. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Angiotensin II Attenuates Endothelium-Dependent Responses in the Cerebral Microcirculation Through Nox-2–Derived Radicals (2006)

Ang II impairs the endothelial regulation of the cerebral microcirculation through AT1 receptor-mediated cerebrovascular oxidative stress. The source of the ROS is a nox-2-containing NADPH oxidase. These effects of Ang II could threaten the cerebral blood supply and contribute to the increased susceptibility to stroke and dementia associated with hypertension.
Exciton-exciton annihilation in single-walled carbon nanotubes (2006)

The femtosecond fluorescence and transient absorption kinetics recorded on selected semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes exhibit pronounced excitation-intensity-dependent decays as the result of exciton-exciton annihilation. A satisfactory description of the decays obtained at various excitation intensities, however, requires a time-independent annihilation rate that is valid only for extended systems with dimensionality greater than 2 in conjunction with diffusive migration of excitons. We resolved this apparent contradiction by developing a stochastic model, in which we assumed that the exciton states in semiconducting nanotubes are coherent, and the multiexciton manifolds are resonantly coupled with other excited states, which decay by subsequent linear relaxation due to electron-phonon coupling. The formalism derived from this model enables a qualitative description of the experimental results for the (9,5), (8,3), and (6,5) semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Studies on Several Reactive Dyes Containing Sulfonylfluoride Group On the Acid Dyes (1960)

先にフッ化スルホニル基を有するナフトール染料が繊維の官能基と共有結合し,堅ロウ度良好な染色物をうることを知ったが,この際未結合染料を容易に繊維上から除去するため,また染色方法の簡略化のために,スルホン酸基を有する酸性染料型の反応性染料を合成した。すなはちフッ化スルホニル基を有する数種のアミンをジアゾ成分とし,スルホフェニルメチルピラゾロン, γ-酸, H-誘導体に酸性またはアルカリ性でそれぞれカップリングさせ, 黄, 赤および青色の染料を合成した。これらの染料を用い絹,アミランには酢酸酸性で,またモメン,ビニロンには中性で染色後,炭酸ナトリウム希水溶液で処理して繊維に反応,固着させた。この場合繊維と反応しなかった染料の-SO2F基は加水分解されて-SO3Na基となり,そのためより水に可溶性となりソーピングによってこれら分解染料の除去が非常に簡単に行なうことが出来た。しかしモメン,ビニロンの場合はその結合様式が不安定なエステル結合であるため,ソーピング中においてもアルカリによって徐々に加水分解され淡色となった。絹,アミラン上においては濃色,かつ鮮明な染色物を得,これらは非常に堅ロウであった。30%ピリジン水溶液による抽出や,ハイドロサルファイトによる還元後繊維と結合したアミンのジアゾ化,再カップリングによって共有結合の生成したことを確かめた。また繊維に染着した染料と反応した染料の割合を分光光電法によって測定した。
The Ciona intestinalis genome: When the constraints are off (2003)

The recent genome sequencing of a non-vertebrate deuterostome, the ascidian tunicate Ciona intestinalis, makes a substantial contribution to the fields of evolutionary and developmental biology.1 Tunicates have some of the smallest bilaterian genomes, embryos with relatively few cells, fixed lineages and early determination of cell fates. Initial analyses of the C. intestinalis genome indicate that it has been evolving rapidly. Comparisons with other bilaterians show that C. intestinalis has lost a number of genes, and that many genes linked together in most other bilaterians have become uncoupled. In addition, a number of independent, lineage-specific gene duplications have been detected. These new results, although interesting in themselves, will take on a deeper significance once the genomes of additional invertebrate deuterostomes (e.g. echinoderms, hemichordates and amphioxus) have been sequenced. With such a broadened database, comparative genomics can begin to ask pointed questions about the relationship between the evolution of genomes and the evolution of body plans.