gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic activity of human monocytes towards sensitized red cells is not dependent on the generation of reactive oxygen species (1979)

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to test whether the generation of oxygen radicals is required for the cytotoxic activity of human monocytes. The cytotoxic activity of human monocytes was measured as the capacity to lyse, in vitro, human red cells sensitized with non-complement-binding IgG anti-D alloanti-bodies. Lysis was determined by measuring 51Cr release from the red cells. Studies were performed with monocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). In contrast with normal neutrophils, phagocytosing neutrophils from these patients are unable to generate oxygen radicals, hydrogen peroxide, or singlet oxygen. We found that monocytes from CGD patients were similarly incapable of generating these reactive oxygen species during phagocytosis. This indicates that, like neutrophils, monocytes from CGD patients are defective in the generation of activated oxygen products. Despite this defect, monocytes from CGD patients displayed a normal cytotoxic activity towards sensitized red cells. In addition, neither scavengers of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, or singlet oxygen, nor inhibitors of myeloperoxidase, had any effect on the cytotoxic activity of normal monocytes. Together, these results indicate that the cytotoxic activity of human monocytes towards sensitized red cells is not dependent on the generation of reactive oxygen derivatives.
Neutral density map of Hall thruster plume expansion in a vacuum chamber (2005)

A neutral background pressure map of the large vacuum test facility (LVTF) is presented. The LVTF is mapped at cold anode flow rates of 5.25, 10.46, and 14.09mg∕s. In addition, neutral background pressure maps are created at hot anode (i.e., discharge on) flow rates of 5.25 and 10.46mg∕s for discharge voltages of 300 and 500V, corresponding to P5 Hall thruster operating conditions ranging from 1.5to5.0kW. The chamber pressure is mapped at nominal xenon pumping speeds of 140 000 and 240000l∕s. The pressure map is performed with a rake consisting of five calibrated Bayard–Alpert hot-cathode ionization gauges. The plume expansion appears to be independent of anode flow rate and facility background pressure. Analysis of axial pressure profiles on the LVTF’s centerline shows that the plume pressure decreases from a maximum at the thruster exit plane down to the facility background pressure at approximately 2m downstream of the exit plane. Comparison of axial pressure profiles on the LVTF’s centerline shows that the neutral density is nearly the same for cold flow and hot flow. The study shows that a cold flow neutral density background map accurately characterizes the neutral density in an operating Hall thruster plume.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystals of the Oxide Metals, RuO2, IrO2, and ReO3 (2007)

Nanoparticles of transition metal oxides with metallic properties, RuO2, IrO2, and ReO3 in the ranges 6.5-19 nm, 6-14 nm, and 8.5-32.5 nm, respectively have been prepared by soft chemical routes. The nanoparticles have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, optical spectroscopy, and scanning probe microscopy. All the nanoparticles show conducting behaviour, as confirmed by tunneling conductance measurements. Magnetic properties of the nanoparticles depend on temperature as well as the particle size. In the case of ReO3, a plasmon band is observed around 520 nm, just as in copper. The band gets blue-shifted with decrease in size.
LDPC Block and Convolutional Codes Based on (2004)

A class of algebraically structured quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and their convolutional counterparts is presented. The QC codes are described by sparse parity-check matrices comprised of blocks of circulant matrices. The sparse parity-check representation allows for practical graph-based iterative message-passing decoding. Based on the algebraic structure, bounds on the girth and minimum distance of the codes are found, and several possible encoding techniques are described. The performance of the QC LDPC block codes compares favorably with that of randomly constructed LDPC codes for short to moderate block lengths. The performance of the LDPC convolutional codes is superior to that of the QC codes on which they are based; this performance is the limiting performance obtained by increasing the circulant size of the base QC code. Finally, a continuous decoding procedure for the LDPC convolutional codes is described.
Breast Density as a Predictor of Mammographic Detection: Comparison of Interval- and Screen-Detected Cancers (2000)

Mammographic breast density appears to be a major risk factor for interval cancer.
Effects of nitrogen and helium shielding mixtures on semiaustenitic stainless steel welds (1967)

The effect of nitrogen-helium atmos pheres used as a shielding gas for welding of some semiaustenitic stainless steels was studied. Nitrogen, being a strong austenite stabilizer, has the tendency to suppress the amount of retained delta ferrite in the weldment. The addition of 1.0 per cent nitrogen by volume to the helium shielding gas increased the tensile strength of the weldment approximately 4000 psi to within about 1 per cent of the parent metal, and the ductility approximately 33 per cent to within 95 per cent of the parent metal.The additions of nitrogen to the shielding gas significantly reduced the a mo unt of retained ferrite. However, increasing the nitrogen in excess of 1 per cent by volume drastically reduced the tensile strength and ductility. It is suggested that this reduction in strength and ductility is the result of pertinent alloying components being used up in the formation of nitrides. Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié 1'influence de mélanges d'hélium et d'azote utilisés comme gaz de couverture en soudage d'aciers inoxydables semi austénitiques. Stabilisateur puissant de 1'austénite, l'azote tend à diminuer la teneur en fer delta des soudures. En utilisant un gaz renferment 1% en volume d'azote, la résistance à la traction des éprouvettes accuse une augmentation de 4000 psi, la relevant ainsi jusqu'à un écart aussi petit que 1% de la résistance du métal de base; concomitamment, l'allongement s'améliore de 33% et ainsi s'approche jusqu'à 95% de l'allongement du métal de base. L'influence de l'azote, comme moyen de réduire la teneur en fer delta est significative. Toutefois, dès que la quantité d'azote dépasse 1% en volume, la résistance à la traction et l'allongement fléchissent considérablement. Les auteurs avancent que le fléchissement est le résultat de la fixation d'éléments d'alliage par l'azote.
All Roads Lead to Susceptibility: The Many Modes of Action of Fungal and Oomycete Intracellular Effectors (2020)

The ability to secrete effector proteins that can enter plant cells and manipulate host processes is a key determinant of what makes a successful plant pathogen. Here, we review intracellular effectors from filamentous (fungal and oomycete) phytopathogens and the host proteins and processes that are targeted to promote disease. We cover contrasting virulence strategies and effector modes of action. Filamentous pathogen effectors alter the fates of host proteins that they target, changing their stability, their activity, their location, and the protein partners with which they interact. Some effectors inhibit target activity, whereas others enhance or utilize it, and some target multiple host proteins. We discuss the emerging topic of effectors that target negative regulators of immunity or other plant proteins with activities that support susceptibility. We also highlight the commonly targeted host proteins that are manipulated by effectors from multiple pathogens, including those representing different kingdoms of life.
Carcinogenesis by nonmutagenic chemicals: early response of rat liver cells induced by methapyrilene. (1985)

Although methapyrilene (MP) produces hepatocellular carcinomas in rats, it does not elicit many of the cellular responses induced by other hepatocarcinogens. We have investigated the early changes induced in rat liver epithelial cell cultures by MP using morphological, cytochemical, and cytofluorometric techniques. Within 2 h of MP treatment, inclusion bodies which were stainable with lipid stains were observed in the cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, they resembled lamellar bodies with alternating light and dark lamellae. These bodies were transient in nature, since they disappeared within 24 h of removal of MP. They were, however, retained in the cytoplasm as long as MP was present in the medium. Lamellar bodies appear to be induced in the presence of histamine H1 receptor-blocking agents, since methaphenilene and diphenhydramine produced this reaction, but cimetidine, an H2 antagonist, did not. Morphologically, mitochondria of control cells were long and rod-like, whereas they were short or bizarrely shaped in the MP-treated cells. Moreover, a quantitative increase was observed in the mitochondrial content of the treated cells, when intact liver cells vitally stained with Rhodamine 123 were analyzed with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. A significant increase in binucleated cells was observed when liver cells were exposed for 10 to 12 days with MP. Collectively, these results suggest that MP might perturb the cytoskeletal elements leading to an alteration in the nuclear and mitochondrial makeup of rat liver cells.
A special-purpose peer-to-peer file sharing system for mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

Establishing peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing for mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) requires the construction of a search algorithm for transmitting queries and search results as well as the development of a transfer protocol for downloading files matching a query. In this paper, we present a special-purpose system for searching and file transfer tailored to both the characteristics of MANET and the requirements of peer-to-peer file sharing. Our approach is based on an application layer overlay network. As innovative feature, overlay routes are set up on demand by the search algorithm, closely matching network topology and transparently aggregating redundant transfer paths on a per-file basis. The transfer protocol guarantees low transmission overhead and a high fraction of successful downloads by utilizing overlay routes. In a detailed ns-2 simulation study, we show that both the search algorithm and the transfer protocol outperform off-the-shelf approaches based on a P2P file sharing system for the wireline Internet, TCP and a MANET routing protocol.
U(VI) Reduction by Diverse Outer Surface c -Type Cytochromes of Geobacter sulfurreducens (2013)

Early studies with Geobacter sulfurreducens suggested that outer-surface c-type cytochromes might play a role in U(VI) reduction, but it has recently been suggested that there is substantial U(VI) reduction at the surface of the electrically conductive pili known as microbial nanowires. This phenomenon was further investigated. A strain of G. sulfurreducens, known as Aro-5, which produces pili with substantially reduced conductivity reduced U(VI) nearly as well as the wild type, as did a strain in which the gene for PilA, the structural pilin protein, was deleted. In order to reduce rates of U(VI) reduction to levels less than 20% of the wild-type rates, it was necessary to delete the genes for the five most abundant outer surface c-type cytochromes of G. sulfurreducens. X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy demonstrated that whereas 83% ± 10% of the uranium associated with wild-type cells correspond to U(IV) after 4 h of incubation, with the quintuple mutant, 89% ± 10% of uranium was U(VI). Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy revealed that wild-type cells did not precipitate uranium along pili as previously reported, but U(IV) was precipitated at the outer cell surface. These findings are consistent with those of previous studies, which have suggested that G. sulfurreducens requires outer-surface c-type cytochromes but not pili for the reduction of soluble extracellular electron acceptors.
The structure of songbird MHC class I reveals antigen binding that is flexible at the N-terminus and static at the C-terminus (2023)

Long-distance migratory animals such as birds and bats have evolved to withstand selection imposed by pathogens across the globe, and pathogen richness is known to be particularly high in tropical regions. Immune genes, so-called Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes, are highly duplicated in songbirds compared to other vertebrates, and this high MHC diversity has been hypothesised to result in a unique adaptive immunity. To understand the rationale behind the evolution of the high MHC genetic diversity in songbirds, we determined the structural properties of an MHC class I protein, Acar3, from a long-distance migratory songbird, the great reed warbler <i>Acrocephalus arundinaceus</i> (in short: <i>Acar</i>). The structure of Acar3 was studied in complex with pathogen-derived antigens and shows an overall antigen presentation similar to human MHC class I. However, the peptides bound to Acar3 display an unusual conformation: Whereas the N-terminal ends of the peptides display enhanced flexibility, the conformation of their C-terminal halves is rather static. This uncommon peptide-binding mode in Acar3 is facilitated by a central Arg residue within the peptide-binding groove that fixes the backbone of the peptide at its central position, and potentially permits successful interactions between MHC class I and innate immune receptors. Our study highlights the importance of investigating the immune system of wild animals, such as birds and bats, to uncover unique immune mechanisms which may neither exist in humans nor in model organisms.
HARP-Net: Hyper-Autoencoded Reconstruction Propagation for Scalable Neural Audio Coding (2021)

An autoencoder-based codec employs quantization to turn its bottleneck layer activation into bitstrings, a process that hinders information flow between the encoder and decoder parts. To circumvent this issue, we employ additional skip connections between the corresponding pair of encoder-decoder layers. The assumption is that, in a mirrored autoencoder topology, a decoder layer reconstructs the intermediate feature representation of its corresponding encoder layer. Hence, any additional information directly propagated from the corresponding encoder layer helps the reconstruction. We implement this kind of skip connections in the form of additional autoencoders, each of which is a small codec that compresses the massive data transfer between the paired encoder-decoder layers. We empirically verify that the proposed hyper-autoencoded architecture improves perceptual audio quality compared to an ordinary autoencoder baseline.
CATT: Cache aware target identification for ICN (2012)

The role of the Internet has been changed to a content oriented data sharing network. This new paradigm requires a major transformation of the current Internet architecture, which leads to the birth of the Information Centric Networking (ICN) concept in today's Internet. In this article, we propose an ICN architecture named Cache Aware Target identification (CATT) and introduce the architecture by focusing on two of its major components: routing and content caching. For each component of the CATT, Potential Based Routing (PBR) and topology aware caching policy are proposed respectively, and their cooperated operation is illustrated. Due to the synergy effect of both components, the CATT provides an efficient solution of content dissemination in the ICN environment.
MagicBook (2001)

The MagicBook explores how interfaces can be developed that allow for seamless transition between Physical Reality, Augmented Reality (AR), and immersive Virtual Reality (VR) in a collaborative setting. The MagicBook is a normal book and can be read without any additional technology. However, when book pages are viewed through a handheld display three-dimensional virtual images appear overlaid on them. Readers can view these AR scenes from any perspective and can also fly into the scenes and experience them as an immersive VR world. VR users can see other VR users represented as life-sized virtual avatars, while AR users will see VR users as miniature avatars in the scene.
Endogenously Produced IL-4 Nonredundantly Stimulates CD8+ T Cell Proliferation (2009)

T cell proliferation and survival are regulated by the cytokine receptor common gamma-chain-associated cytokines IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15, while IL-4, another gamma-chain-associated cytokine, is thought to primarily affect T cell quality rather than quantity. In contrast, our experiments reveal that endogenously produced IL-4 is a direct, nonredundant, and potent stimulator of CD8(+) T cell proliferation in Ag- and pathogen-induced CD8(+) T cell responses. These stimulatory effects of IL-4 are observed in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice and activate both naive and memory/activated phenotype CD8(+) T cells, although the former are stimulated less than are the latter. IL-4 effects are IL-7- and IL-15-independent, but MHC class I-dependent stimulation appears to be required for the mitogenic effect of IL-4 on naive phenotype CD8(+) T cells. Thus, endogenously produced IL-4 is an important regulator of quantitative as well as qualitative aspects of T cell immunity.
Sensitive Trace Gas Detection Based on Quartz-enhanced Photothermal Spectroscopy (2020)

An ultra-high sensitive trace gas sensing method based on quartz-enhanced photothermal spectroscopy (QEPTS) with significant advantages of standoff and remote sensing ability will be reported.
Novel [(3-indolylmethylene)hydrazono]indolin-2-ones as apoptotic anti-proliferative agents: design, synthesis andin vitrobiological evaluation (2018)

On account of their significance as apoptosis inducing agents, merging indole and 3-hydrazinoindolin-2-one scaffolds is a logic tactic for designing pro-apoptotic agents. Consequently, 27 hybrids (6a-r, 9a-f and 11a-c) were synthesised and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HepG-2 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. SAR studies unravelled that N-propylindole derivatives were the most active compounds such as 6n (MCF-7; IC<sub>50</sub>=1.04 µM), which displayed a significant decrease of cell population in the G2/M phase and significant increase in the early and late apoptosis by 19-folds in Annexin-V-FTIC assay. Also, 6n increased the expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, cytochrome C and Bax and decreased the expression of Bcl-2. Moreover, compounds 6i, 6j, 6n and 6q generated ROS by significant increase in the level of SOD and depletion of the levels of CAT and GSH-Px in MCF-7.
New Environmentally Friendly Acid System for Iron Sulfide Scale Removal (2019)

Iron sulfide scale is a common problem in the oil and gas industry. The precipitation of the iron sulfide scale on the well completion tools or inside surface flow lines restricts the flow of the produced fluids and might affect the integrity of the pipelines or the surface and subsurface tools. Failure of the downhole completions tools will not only reduce the production rates but it might require workover and remedial operations that will add extra cost. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate a new environmentally friendly acid system (NEFAS) for iron sulfide scale removal using an actual field sample. The scale sample collected from a natural gas well is dominated by pyrrhotite (55%) in addition to calcite (21%), pyrite (8%), and torilite (6%) with minor traces of hibbingite, siderite, geothite, akaganeite, and mackinawite. High-temperature solubility tests were performed by soaking 2 g of the scale field sample with 20 cm3 of the NEFAS under static condition at 125 °C for different time periods (2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h). The solubility results were compared with commercial solutions for iron sulfide scale removal such as hydrochloric acid (15 wt.%), glutamic acid diacetic acid (GLDA, 20 wt.%), and high density converters (HDC-3) under the same conditions. The corrosion test was performed at 125 °C for the developed solution after mixing with 2 wt.% corrosion inhibitor (CI) and 2 wt.% corrosion intensifier (CIN). The results were compared with HCl (15 wt.%) under the same conditions. NEFAS consists of 75 wt.% biodegradable acid at pH of 0.04. NEFAS achieved 83 g/L solubility of iron sulfide scale after 6 h at 125 °C under static conditions. The solubility efficiency was very close to 15 wt.% HCl after 24 h where the solubility was 82 and 83 g/L for NEFAS and HCl, respectability. HDC-3 and GLDA (20 wt.%) achieved a lower scale solubility; 18 g/L and 65 g/L respectively, after 24 h. NEFAS achieved a corrosion rate of 0.211 kg/m2 after adding the CI and and CIN compared to 0.808 kg/m2 for HCl. The new environmentally friendly biodegradable acid system provides efficient performance for the scale removal without harming the environment and causing any side effects to the operation.
Effect of Ashless Dispersant on Deterioration of Antiwear Characteristics of ZnDTP Due to Decomposition During the Oxidation Inhibition Process (2006)

Study of the antiwear characteristics of intentionally deteriorated Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDTP), which can simulate used engine-oil, was carried out. ZnDTPs were degraded by reacting with cumenehydroperoxide (CHP) which models the hydroperoxide present in combustion gas. Sample oils were analyzed by P-NMR, showing that ZnDTP produces various kinds of phosphorous-containing oil-soluble compounds after reacting with CHP. It was found that the antiwear characteristic of ZnDTP deteriorated due to the degradation, and an acceleration of wear was observed in the highly degraded regions. The effect of the ashless dispersant on the antiwear characteristics of both degraded and nondegraded ZnDTP was studied. It was found that the dispersant reduced wear in the low-degradation region. The addition of dispersant, however, had no effect on wear with further degradation where the dispersant was almost entirely used up to disperse Zn-containing solids when the dispersant concentration was low. When the concentration was high, the dispersant showed wear reduction in the region of greater degradation. The antiwear action of dispersant was discussed herein based on its adsorption and micelle formation.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
DTI tractography of theWernicke and Broca connectivity in right and left hander (2004)

In these last years fibre tracking has mainly focused on demonstrating its accuracy on single subject studies. The coming challenge is to answer neuro-anatomic questions by using the power of group studies. In that sense we illustrate with an example a general methodology to investigate the density of connection between two cortical locations among a chosen population of subjects. Left-right brain asymmetry in language areas has been greatly investigated in terms of cortical anatomy [1] and more recently by fMRI [2]. Never up to now, has this question been addressed in terms of DTI tractography. We use DT-MRI and statistical fibre tracking in order