gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct but overlapping binding sites of agonist and antagonist at the relaxin family peptide 3 (RXFP3) receptor (2018)

The relaxin-3 neuropeptide activates the relaxin family peptide 3 (RXFP3) receptor to modulate stress, appetite, and cognition. RXFP3 shows promise as a target for treating neurological disorders, but realization of its clinical potential requires development of smaller RXFP3-specific drugs that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Designing such drugs is challenging and requires structural knowledge of agonist- and antagonist-binding modes. Here, we used structure-activity data for relaxin-3 and a peptide RXFP3 antagonist termed R3 B1-22R to guide receptor mutagenesis and develop models of their binding modes. RXFP3 residues were alanine-substituted individually and in combination and tested in cell-based binding and functional assays to refine models of agonist and antagonist binding to active- and inactive-state homology models of RXFP3, respectively. These models suggested that both agonists and antagonists interact with RXFP3 via similar residues in their B-chain central helix. The models further suggested that the B-chain Trp<sup>27</sup> inserts into the binding pocket of RXFP3 and interacts with Trp<sup>138</sup> and Lys<sup>271</sup>, the latter through a salt bridge with the C-terminal carboxyl group of Trp<sup>27</sup> in relaxin-3. R3 B1-22R, which does not contain Trp<sup>27</sup>, used a non-native Arg<sup>23</sup> residue to form cation-π and salt-bridge interactions with Trp<sup>138</sup> and Glu<sup>141</sup> in RXFP3, explaining a key contribution of Arg<sup>23</sup> to affinity. Overall, relaxin-3 and R3 B1-22R appear to share similar binding residues but may differ in binding modes, leading to active and inactive RXFP3 conformational states, respectively. These mechanistic insights may assist structure-based drug design of smaller relaxin-3 mimetics to manage neurological disorders.
A novel antiangiogenic peptide derived from hepatocyte growth factor inhibits neovascularization in vitro and in vivo. (2010)

H-RN, a new peptide derived from the HGF K1 domain, was shown to have antiangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. It may lead to new potential drug discoveries and the development of new treatments for pathological retinal angiogenesis.
Invasion of Human Fallopian Tube Epithelium byEscherichia coliExpressing Combinations of a Gonococcal Porin, Opacity‐Associated Protein, and Chimeric Lipo‐oligosaccharide (2001)

The transepithelial migration of Escherichia coli that expressed all possible combinations of a plasmid-encoded gonococcal porin (Por), opacity-associated protein (Opa), and 3F11 lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) epitope was investigated. Surface expression of Por mediated selective changes in E. coli antibiotic susceptibility, and coexpression of Opa and the 3F11 LOS epitope mediated bacterial clumping (P<.01). In the human fallopian tube organ-culture model, Opa-producing variants attached up to 44-fold better than control bacteria (P<.01), and Por-producing variants exceeded submucosal invasion of control bacteria by 500-fold (P<.01). Opa and Por each facilitated intracellular invasion 20-40-fold (P<.01). In dual expresser variants, the 3F11 LOS epitope markedly reduced attachment and invasion mediated by Opa or Por. The LOS inhibitory effect was curbed when all 3 factors were expressed, which suggests an additional interaction of the 3 factors at the bacterial surface. Por, Opa, and LOS play important roles in Neisseria gonorrhoeae trafficking across human fallopian tube epithelium.
Deformation Mechanisms in Mg-Al Nanocomposite (2019)

Magnesium is the lightest engineering metal. Replacing steel with Mg based materials in automotive applications would lead to more than 40% weight reduction which significantly boost fuel efficiency. However, conventional Mg alloys typically suffer from low strength and poor deformability due to very few slip systems and easy twinning. Alloying Mg with other materials and microstructural engineering are promising approaches to increase ductility and strength of Mg According to Wang et al. interfaces with low energy and high coherency may effectively constrict the nucleation of twins in Mg In this work, the microstructure of Mg nano layers and nano rods were examined after deformation to determine the dominant deformation mechanisms
Domain Confused Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (2022)

In this work, we study Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) in a challenging selfsupervised approach. One of the difficulties is how to learn task discrimination in the absence of target labels. Unlike previous literature which directly aligns cross-domain distributions or leverages reverse gradient, we propose Domain Confused Contrastive Learning (DCCL) to bridge the source and the target domains via domain puzzles, and retain discriminative representations after adaptation. Technically, DCCL searches for a most domainchallenging direction and exquisitely crafts domain confused augmentations as positive pairs, then it contrastively encourages the model to pull representations towards the other domain, thus learning more stable and effective domain invariances. We also investigate whether contrastive learning necessarily helps with UDA when performing other data augmentations. Extensive experiments demonstrate that DCCL significantly outperforms baselines.
Las musas de Darwin y las matemáticas: Charles Lyell, Charles Babbage, Joseph Fourier y la teoría del calor central (2009)

Endoscopic cauterization seems to be an effective and potentially permanent treatment for congenital pyriform fossa sinus tracts.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETIC STUDIES ON THE REACTIONS OF THE TRICARBONYL(1‐3,6‐ETA‐CYCLOOCTADIENE)‐IRON AND ‐RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES WITH TERTIARY PHOSPHINES AND PHOSPHITES (1974)

Abstract Die Untersuchung der Titelreaktionen zeigt, daß im Falle des Eisenkomplexes (Ia) die Reaktion komplexer Natur ist.
Analysis of Tunneling-Injection Transit-Time Effects and Self-Excitation of Terahertz Plasma Oscillations in High-Electron-Mobility Transistors (2002)

We analyze dynamic behavior of the electron system in high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) associated with tunneling injection from the two-dimensional channel into the gate under forward bias. We show that the propagation of the injected electrons across the gate layer can result in the self-excitation of plasma oscillations in the HEMT when the transit-time and plasma resonances are close. The resonant frequencies in HEMTs with reasonable parameters correspond to the terahertz range. The criterion of the plasma instability is expressed via the structural parameters. The self-excitation of the plasma oscillations can be used to generate terahertz radiation.
Model-based dummy feature placement for oxide chemical-mechanical polishing manufacturability (2000)

Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) is an enabling technique used in deep-submicron VLSI manufacturing to achieve uniformity in long range oxide planarization [1]. Post-CMP oxide topography is highly related to local spatial pattern density in layout. To change local pattern density, and thus ensure post-CMP planarization, dummy features are placed in layout. Based on models that accurately describe the relation between local pattern density and post-CMP planarization [7; 5; 9], a two-step procedure of global density assignment followed by local insertion is proposed to solve the dummy feature placement problem in the fixed-dissection regime with both single-layer and multiple-layer considerations. Two experiments, conducted with real design data, gave excellent results by reducing post-CMP topography variation from 767Å to 152Å in the single-layer formulation and by avoiding cumulative effect in the multiple-layer formulation. The result from single-layer formulation compares very favorably both to the rule-based approach widely used in industry and to the algorithm in [3]. The multiple-layer formulation has no previously published work.
Semi‐Synthetic Mithramycin SA Derivatives with Improved AntiCancer Activity (2013)

Mithramycin (MTM) is a potent anti-cancer agent that has recently garnered renewed attention. This manuscript describes the design and development of mithramycin derivatives through a combinational approach of biosynthetic analogue generation followed by synthetic manipulation for further derivatization. Mithramycin SA is a previously discovered analogue produced by the M7W1 mutant strain alongside the improved mithramycin analogues mithramycin SK and mithramycin SDK. Mithramycin SA shows decreased anti-cancer activity compared to mithramycin and has a shorter, two carbon aglycon side chain that is terminated in a carboxylic acid. The aglycon side chain is responsible for an interaction with the DNA-phosphate backbone as mithramycin interacts with its target DNA. It was therefore decided to further functionalize this side chain through reactions with the terminal carboxylic acid in an effort to enhance the interaction with the DNA phosphate backbone and improve the anti-cancer activity. This side chain was modified with a variety of molecules increasing the anti-cancer activity to a comparable level to mithramycin SK. This work shows the ability to transform the previously useless mithramycin SA into a valuable molecule and opens the door to further functionalization and semi-synthetic modification for the development of molecules with increased specificity and/or drug formulation.
Biological and Immunological Characterization of Purified Follicle‐Stimulating Hormone Preparations From Monkey Pituitaries (1984)

The suitability of a purified rhesus (rhFSH) and cynomolgus (cynFSH) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) preparation to replace the expired LER 1909-2 reference standard in the immunoassay of monkey FSH was assessed using an in vitro bioassay and two heterologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedures in combination with fractionation by high-resolution isoelectrofocusing. The results presented indicate that rhFSH is unsuitable for the replacement of LER 1909-2 as a standard, though cynFSH might be suitable after the removal of its LH contamination.
Dopamine-dependent, swimming-induced paralysis arises as a consequence of loss of function mutations in the RUNX transcription factor RNT-1 (2019)

Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter with actions across phylogeny that modulate core behaviors such as motor activity, reward, attention, and cognition. Perturbed DA signaling in humans is associated with multiple disorders, including addiction, ADHD, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease. The presynaptic DA transporter exerts powerful control on DA signaling by efficient clearance of the neurotransmitter following release. As in vertebrates, Caenorhabditis elegans DAT (DAT-1) constrains DA signaling and loss of function mutations in the dat-1 gene result in slowed crawling on solid media and swimming-induced paralysis (Swip) in water. Previously, we identified a mutant line, vt34, that exhibits robust DA-dependent Swip. vt34 exhibits biochemical and behavioral phenotypes consistent with reduced DAT-1 function though vt34; dat-1 double mutants exhibit an enhanced Swip phenotype, suggesting contributions of the vt34-associated mutation to additional mechanisms that lead to excess DA signaling. SNP mapping and whole genome sequencing of vt34 identified the site of the molecular lesion in the gene B0412.2 that encodes the Runx transcription factor ortholog RNT-1. Unlike dat-1 animals, but similar to other loss of function rnt-1 mutants, vt34 exhibits altered male tail morphology and reduced body size. Deletion mutations in both rnt-1 and the bro-1 gene, which encodes a RNT-1 binding partner also exhibit Swip. Both vt34 and rnt-1 mutations exhibit reduced levels of dat-1 mRNA as well as the tyrosine hydroxylase ortholog cat-2. Although reporter studies indicate that rnt-1 is expressed in DA neurons, its re-expression in DA neurons of vt34 animals fails to fully rescue Swip. Moreover, as shown for vt34, rnt-1 mutation exhibits additivity with dat-1 in generating Swip, as do rnt-1 and bro-1 mutations, and vt34 exhibits altered capacity for acetylcholine signaling at the neuromuscular junction. Together, these findings identify a novel role for rnt-1 in limiting DA neurotransmission and suggest that loss of RNT-1 may disrupt function of both DA neurons and body wall muscle to drive Swip.
An ultra wideband tapered slot antenna (2005)

A typical tapered slot antenna (TSA) consists of a gradually widening slot in a metallic plate printed on a substrate. The bandwidth of TSA is limited mainly by the transition of the feeding line and slot-line, which varies with frequency. A wideband Vivaldi TSA, fed by a microstrip line, has been realized. The slot-line is etched on the ground plane of the microstrip line; one side is a narrow open port and the other side is a gradually widening radiating port. The microstrip is very close to the open port of the slot-line. At the end of the microstrip, a shorting pin, which is also close to the slot-line, is connected to the ground plane. In this way, all reflecting waves from the open port of the slot-line and the shorting pin, along with the original waves, radiate at almost the same time towards the wide radiating port of the antenna.
Extracellular calcium affects the membrane currents of cultured human keratinocytes (1990)

Electrophysiologic properties of cultured human keratinocytes were studied using the patch voltage-clamp technique. Undifferentiated, proliferative keratinocytes grown in low Ca2+ medium had an average resting membrane potential of -24 mV. Voltage-clamp experiments showed that these cells had two membrane ionic currents: a large voltage-independent leak conductance, and a smaller voltage-dependent Cl- current that activated with depolarization. Increasing the extracellular Ca2+ concentration from 0.15 to 2 mM resulted in a doubling of the magnitude of the voltage-gated current and a shift in current activation to more negative potentials. Since levels of extracellular Ca2+ can alter the morphology and differentiation state of keratinocytes, the finding of a Ca2(+)-activated Cl- current in these cells suggests a role for this conductance in the initiation of differentiation.
Current trends on teaching instrumentation and measurement (2003)

This manuscript presents the views of the persons invited to speak at the panel discussion session "Current trends on teaching instrumentation and measurement" of the IMTC'99. The discussion is trying to examine common ideas and directions between different contemporary educational efforts to teach modern instrumentation and measurement effectively. The presentations are mainly focused on the basics; the contents of I&M-related courses, not the various technology-based tools for teaching. The different approaches to I&M education presented here, certainly do not provide ideal solutions for teaching this subject to any given class. The goal is to give a set of triggering contributions useful to the interested teachers of I&M related courses anywhere in the world. This discussion is organized by the technical committee on education for instrumentation and measurement of the IEEE I&M society.
Regulation of triple-negative breast cancer cell metastasis by the tumor-suppressor liver kinase B1 (2015)

Liver kinase B1 (LKB1), also known as serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11), has been identified as a tumor suppressor in many cancers including breast. Low LKB1 expression has been associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients, and we report here a significant association between loss of LKB1 expression and reduced patient survival specifically in the basal subtype of breast cancer. Owing to the aggressive nature of the basal subtype as evidenced by high incidences of metastasis, the purpose of this study was to determine if LKB1 expression could regulate the invasive and metastatic properties of this specific breast cancer subtype. Induction of LKB1 expression in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC)/triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and BT-549, inhibited invasiveness in vitro and lung metastatic burden in an orthotopic xenograft model. Further analysis of BLBC cells overexpressing LKB1 by unbiased whole transcriptomics (RNA-sequencing) revealed striking regulation of metastasis-associated pathways, including cell adhesion, extracellular matrix remodeling, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, LKB1 overexpression inhibited EMT-associated genes (CDH2, Vimentin, Twist) and induced the epithelial cell marker CDH1, indicating reversal of the EMT phenotype in the MDA-MB-231 cells. We further demonstrated marked inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 1 expression and activity via regulation of c-Jun through inhibition of p38 signaling in LKB1-expressing cells. Taken together, these data support future development of LKB1 inducing therapeutics for the suppression of invasion and metastasis of BLBC.
IN VITRO STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOUR A GLIAL CELL LINE (NOBEC) SEEDED ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF BIOMATERIALS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THEIR EMPLOYMENT FOR PERIPHERAL NERVE RECONSTRUCTION. (2007)

Aims: Biosynthetic scaffolds made of degradable bio-materials enriched with cultured cells holds promise for peripheral nerve repair after complex traumatic injuries. In the perspective of future transplantation applications, the aim of this study was to investigate how cultures of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), in particular neonatal olfactory ensheathing cells (NOBECs), grow up in vitro on degradable polymeric films made with polycap-rolactone matrices and multi-block polyesterurethane respectively. In addition, since several transplantation studies use green fluorescent protein (GFP) positive cells so that they can be easily located in the receiving tissues, the cDNA encoding for GFP was cloned in expression vector and transfected in NOBECs. Methods: To characterize NOBECs we employed electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and western blotting analyses. Moreover the proliferative ratio of NOBECs and the ability of the cells to migrate in a three dimensional environment were evaluated under basal and experimental culture conditions. Finally, the GFP-positive NOBEC were seeded on two types of synthetic films and their behaviour was analyzed to determine cell adhesion, survival and proliferation. Results: We examined the expression of glial markers and NRG1/ErbB system in the NOBEC cell line at RNA and protein level. Results showed that NOBECs express both glial markers (GFAP and S-100), ErbB receptors (ErbB1, ErbB2 and ErB3) and different isoforms of NRG1. NOBECs exhibited a remarkable proliferation activity and a high basal migration activity. GFP positive NOBECs showed no significant difference in their behaviour as compared to untransfected parental cells. Finally, both normal and GFP-NOBECs showed good cell adhesion, survival and proliferation properties when seeded on both films employed in this study. Conclusion: Taken together, results of our study showed that the glial cell line has similar biochemical properties as primary cultures of OECs. Moreover, we showed that NOBECs survive, proliferate and migrate on two different types of synthetic films that were prepared in the perspective of build up nerve scaffolds. Therefore, our results indicated that the NOBECs produce growth-promoting proteins and possess regeneration-promoting capabilities that make them a potentially good transplant material to enhance axonal regeneration inside synthetic tubes used to bridge nerve lesion with substance loss.
Challenges and Lessons Learned During Completion of Intelligent Multilateral Wells in Minagish Field, West Kuwait (2018)

Abstract Multilateral intelligent wells have been proven effective by both extending reservoir contact and providing proactive reservoir management. This paper highlights the lessons learned and critical well construction and completion steps that improve the efficiency of intelligent multilateral well drilling and completions operations. The case study outlines the successful completion of the third multilateral intelligent well in the Minagish field of West Kuwait. The intelligent level 4 multilateral well was designed and drilled successfully. The sidetrack was performed using a specialized latch coupling that allowed for multilateral window cutting, orienting, and re-entry. The latch coupling was run in hole with the main bore casing, and a key orienting tool was used to confirm its orientation. Once the main bore was complete, a window was cut using a dedicated milling machine. Thereafter, a drilling whipstock was run with a window mill and watermelon mill to allow access to the lateral. This was followed by drilling the lateral section and running and cementing the liner. After the lateral section was drilled to the planned depth and cleaned out, the whipstock was retrieved. The intelligent completion installation consisted of a lubricator valve, two downhole permanent gauges, and two variable choke interval control valves. The presence of surface-controlled, variable choke valves to control inflow from both the main bore and the lateral provides the capability to effectively manage the reservoir and production over the life of the well. This, in turn, prolongs the field life, thus improving overall economic performance and field economics. The case study well is the third multilateral intelligent well installed in Kuwait, and many recommended practices were implemented that allowed for improved efficiency and safety of the operation. Maintaining a clean well was emphasized as a top priority throughout the well construction process. The cement curing time was increased and the completion string was reviewed and redesigned. This paper discusses the lessons learned and improvements made during installation of the third multilateral intelligent well. The steps performed during this operation have become the recommended practices for all upcoming intelligent multilateral well operations in Kuwait.
Recently Described Clinically Important Anaerobic Bacteria: Taxonomic Aspects and Update (1997)

A new method of identifying bacteria, phylogenetic 16S rRNA sequencing, has led to major reorganizations among most genera of anaerobic bacteria. The pigmented Prevotella species now comprise seven species including P. nigrescens and P. tannerae; P. intermedia/P. nigrescens-like organisms await inclusion. The former Mitsuokella dentalis and Hallella seregens were transferred to Prevotella as one species, P. dentalis. P. enoeca is a new nonpigmenting Prevotella. The genus Porphyromonas currently includes 11 pigmented species and one nonpigmented species, P. catoniae; P. levii-like and P. endodontalis-like organisms are candidates for the genus. Fusobacterium nucleatum currently has five subspecies, and F. varium includes the former F. pseudonecrophorum. Former Wolinella recta and Wolinella curva now are Campylobacter rectus and Campylobacter curvus; Campylobacter showae is a new species. Isolates included in the bile-sensitive former Bacteroides gracilis now are Campylobacter gracilis; the bile-resistant B. gracilis isolates were transferred to a new genus, Sutterella, as S. wadsworthensis. The new Actinomyces species include two subspecies of the A. neuii and the A. radingae-A. turicensis complex. The genus Eubacterium sensu stricto is represented by E. limosum, and the former E. alactolyticum was reclassified in a new genus, Pseudoramibacter, as P. alactolyticus. Recent entries include E. saphenum, E. minutum, E. exiguum, E. infirmum, and E. tardum. A new genus, Atopobium houses some former lactobacilli and streptococci. The genus Peptostreptococcus also have four new species; P. hydrogenalis, P. lacrimalis, P. lactolyticus, and P. vaginalis.