gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
James Webb Space Telescope segment phasing using differential optical transfer functions (2015)

Differential optical transfer function (dOTF) is an image-based, noniterative wavefront sensing method that uses two star images with a single small change in the pupil. We describe two possible methods for introducing the required pupil modification to the James Webb Space Telescope, one using a small (<<i>λ</i>/4) displacement of a single segment's actuator and another that uses small misalignments of the NIRCam's filter wheel. While both methods should work with NIRCam, the actuator method will allow both MIRI and NIRISS to be used for segment phasing, which is a new functionality. Since the actuator method requires only small displacements, it should provide a fast and safe phasing alternative that reduces the mission risk and can be performed frequently for alignment monitoring and maintenance. Since a single actuator modification can be seen by all three cameras, it should be possible to calibrate the non-common-path aberrations between them. Large segment discontinuities can be measured using dOTFs in two filter bands. Using two images of a star field, aberrations along multiple lines of sight through the telescope can be measured simultaneously. Also, since dOTF gives the pupil field amplitude as well as the phase, it could provide a first approximation or constraint to the planned iterative phase retrieval algorithms.
Innovation and competition in standard-based industries: a historical analysis of the US home video game market (2002)

This paper examines the competitive dynamics in a standard-based industry through a historical observation of the US home video game industry. The paper focuses on the theoretical issues of switching costs, installed base and complementary goods as critical factors of dominant designs and firm success in a network-based industry. The authors' analysis reveals multiple stages of technological innovations and changes of market leadership and industry standards during a relatively short history of the industry. The industry exhibits six generations of technological changes in video game consoles and complementary products, with each generation represented by a new set of competitors, dominant designs, and market leaders out-competing the leaders of the prior generation. Their analysis confirms the efficacy of traditional tenets of successful strategic management in a network-based industry, such as the importance of technological innovation, building entry barriers, protecting firm-specific assets, competitive pricing, brand recognition and effective channel management. These traditional strategies, however, should be geared to achieve new strategic goals, such as building installed base and a network of complementary products, that are critical success factors in competing in a network-based industry.
<title>Propagation of Gaussian pulses under conditions of adiabatic population transfer</title> (1999)

The features of spatial propagation of two partially overlapping short resonant pulses (counterintuitive pulse sequencing) in an absorbing medium of three-level atoms under conditions of adiabatic population transfer are investigated. We find that pulses can propagate with practically constant amplitudes in a medium with length much higher than the absorption length. It is shown that adiabatic population transfer creates full population inversion on a dipole-forbidden (Raman) transition over the way of pulses' propagation. We suggest use of this technique for conversion of picosecond laser pulses into tunable coherent anti-Stokes radiation.
Plasma diagnostics of rf discharges used for the deposition of hydrogenated amorphous carbon coatings (1992)

The deposition process of amorphous hydrogenated carbon has been studied using optical emission spectroscopy and self-bias measurements. For a given rf power, a transition between two distinct discharge regimes is observed when increasing the pressure. This transition is attributed to different mechanisms by which electrons gain energy in the sheaths and the plasma (α-γ discharge transition). Ionic species are shown to play an important role in the formation of hard carbon layers.
Surfing the Internet with Netscape Communicator 4 (1997)

Over 80% of today's Web surfers rely on NetScape Navigator for their Web browsing. Current features of Navigator include e-mail, complete use of newsgroups, interactive communications, enhanced mail security, exploration of 3D VRML worlds, intranet groupware and added tools for Web development. This text shows users how to use NetScape to their best advantage, covering getting connected using Windows 95, CompuServe and AOL. What's Out There sidebars throughout the book provide readers with the addresses for all sites described in the book, as well as for additional relevant sites. The CD includes various What's Out There resources.
Foot mounted inertial system for pedestrian navigation (2008)

This paper discusses algorithmic concepts, design and testing of a system based on a low-cost MEMS-based inertial measurement unit (IMU) and high-sensitivity global positioning system (HSGPS) receivers for seamless personal navigation in a GPS signal degraded environment. The system developed here is mounted on a pedestrian shoe/foot and uses measurements based on the dynamics experienced by the inertial sensors on the user's foot. The IMU measurements are processed through a conventional inertial navigation system (INS) algorithm and are then integrated with HSGPS receiver measurements and dynamics derived constraint measurements using a tightly coupled integration strategy. The ability of INS to bridge the navigation solution is evaluated through field tests conducted indoors and in severely signal degraded forest environments. The specific focus is on evaluating system performance under challenging GPS conditions.
Large-scale Advanced Propfan (LAP) performance, acoustic and weight estimation, January, 1984 (1985)

In comparison to turbo-prop applications, the Prop-Fan is designed to operate in a significantly higher range of aircraft flight speeds. Two concerns arise regarding operation at very high speeds: aerodynamic performance and noise generation. This data package covers both topics over a broad range of operating conditions for the eight (8) bladed SR-7L Prop-Fan. Operating conditions covered are: Flight Mach Number 0 - 0.85; blade tip speed 600-800 ft/sec; and cruise power loading 20-40 SHP/D2. Prop-Fan weight and weight scaling estimates are also included.
TiO[sub 2](B) Nanotubes as Negative Electrodes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2006)

nanotubes were investigated as anodes for rechargeable lithium batteries. They can accommodate up to of charge, equivalent to at a potential of vs . Rate capability is good with a capacity of at (21C). Capacity fade is 0.16% per cycle compared with 0.10% for the corresponding nanowires. There is an irreversible capacity loss of 29% on the first cycle but thereafter charge/discharge efficiency is close to 100%.
Collins English Dictionary (1994)

Keywords: dictionnaire: : : ; langue: anglaise: : : Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
Convenient and expeditious synthesis of some indoloquinolizine alkaloids (1980)

B. Danieli, G. Lesma and G. Palmisano, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1980, 860 DOI: 10.1039/C39800000860
Comparative analysis reveals distinctive genomic features of Taiwan hot-spring cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus sp. TA-1 (2022)

<i>Thermosynechococcus</i> is a genus of thermophilic unicellular cyanobacteria that dominates microbial mats in Asian non-acidic hot springs. These cyanobacteria are the major primary producers in their ecological niches and are promising sources of thermostable enzymes for biotechnology applications. To improve our understanding of these organisms, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of a novel strain for comparative analysis with other representatives in the same genus. This newly characterized strain, <i>Thermosynechococcus</i> sp. TA-1, was isolated from the Taian hot springs in Taiwan. Analyses based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) and genome-scale phylogeny suggested that TA-1 and another Taiwanese strain CL-1 belong to a novel species-level taxon. Two metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) originated from India represent the sister group, and <i>Thermosynechococcus elongatus</i> PKUAC-SCTE542 from China is the next closest lineage. All cultivated strains and MAGs from Japan form a separate monophyletic clade and could be classified into two species-level taxa. Intriguingly, although TA-1 and CL-1 share 97.0% ANI, the genome alignment identified at least 16 synteny breakpoints that are mostly associated with transposase genes, which illustrates the dynamic nature of their chromosomal evolution. Gene content comparisons identified multiple features distinct at species- or strain-level among these <i>Thermosynechococcus</i> representatives. Examples include genes involved in bicarbonate transportation, nitric oxide protection, urea utilization, kanamycin resistance, restriction-modification system, and chemotaxis. Moreover, we observed the insertion of type II inteins in multiple genes of the two Taiwanese strains and inferred putative horizontal transfer of an asparagine synthase gene (<i>asnB</i>) associated with exopolysaccharides gene cluster. Taken together, while previous work suggested that strains in this genus share a highly conserved genomic core and no clear genetic differentiation could be linked to environmental factors, we found that the overall pattern of gene content divergence is largely congruent with core genome phylogeny. However, it is difficult to distinguish between the roles of phylogenetic relatedness and geographic proximity in shaping the genetic differentiation. In conclusion, knowledge of the genomic differentiation among these strains provides valuable resources for future functional characterization.
Using directional antennas for medium access control in ad hoc networks (2002)

Previous research in wireless ad hoc networks typically assumes the use of omnidirectional antennas at all nodes. With omnidirectional antennas, while two nodes are communicating using a given channel, MAC protocols such as IEEE 802.11 require all other nodes in the vicinity to stay silent. With directional antennas, two pairs of nodes located in each other's vicinity may potentially communicate simultaneously, depending on the directions of transmission. This can increase spatial reuse of the wireless channel. In addition, the higher gain of directional antennas allows a node to communicate with other nodes located far away, implying that messages could be delivered to the destination in fewer hops. In this paper, we propose a MAC protocol that exploits the characteristics of directional antennas. Our design focuses on using multi-hop RTSs to establish links between distant nodes, and then transmit CTS, DATA and ACK over a single hop. Results show that our directional MAC protocol can perform better than IEEE 802.11, although we find that the performance is dependent on the topology configuration and the flow patterns in the system.
Coating geometries of metals on single-walled carbon nanotubes (2010)

This paper studies the coating geometries of metals on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on the basis of the nucleation theory and wetting theory. The metal surface energy, cohesion energy, diffusion barrier, and metal-SWNT interfacial energy are calculated using first-principles calculation. Metals including Fe, Al, Au, Pd, Ni, and Ti are considered. For Ti, Ni, and Pd, low metal-SWNT interfacial energies and high diffusion barriers are responsible for forming continuous or quasicontinuous layers on the SWNT surface. In contrast, Al and Au have small diffusion barriers and poor SWNT surface wetting, thus they tend to aggregate and form large clusters. Although the binding energy between Fe and SWNTs is large, due to the large cohesion energy and poor wetting, Fe may form isolated clusters. All results are in good agreement with experimental observations.
Data-Driven Direct Diagnosis of PV Connected Batteries (2022)

Photovoltaic systems are providing a growing share of power to the electric grid worldwide. As more and more of these systems are tied with battery energy storage to balance their intermittency, being able to ensure long and safe operation of these batteries will become critical. Because of their sporadic usage, far from the typical constant current or constant power, diagnosability without having to perform lengthy maintenance cycles will be a key factor to accelerate deployment. This work proposes a new methodology to enable the training of machine learning algorithms so they could be applied directly to photovoltaic (PV) battery charging data for opportunistic diagnosis. This is done by training the algorithms on synthetic voltage data under different degradations calculated from clear-sky model irradiance data. Validation was performed on synthetic voltage responses calculated from plane of array irradiance observations for a PV system located in Maui, HI, USA. Herein, we will present the result of our proof-of-concept study where we investigated the diagnosability of the voltage response of PV charged batteries under 18 different cloud coverages scenarios and for more than 10,000 different degradations. We also evaluated the effect of training conditions on clear-sky irradiance data by analyzing the resulting differences from training on 700,000 different voltage curves for a single day vs. 45,000 different voltage curves for of each of the 18 days used for cloud coverage estimation. In addition, we considered and quantified the effect of cell-to-cell variations. Training was performed on five state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms for battery diagnosis which included decision tree ensemble methods and neural networks. Finally, because the diagnosis was done outside of constant current, the capacity- and time-based information were decorrelated and compared. While time-base diagnosis is the most interesting for deployed systems, it was shown to be less accurate than its capacity counterpart for the tested algorithms. Yet, the accuracy of the diagnosis is still satisfactory for days where cloud effect is limited (average RMSE of 2.5% compared to 1.3% for capacity based if 50% or more clear skies). Summarizing, we will show that the degradation of PV-connected batteries could be diagnosed opportunistically without the need for maintenance cycles using well-trained state-of-art machine learning algorithms. Calculated RMSEs were below 2% for days with 50% or more clear skies considering more than 10,000 different degradation paths with 25% or less of the three thermodynamic degradation modes. In addition to the results themselves, and before real PV battery degradation data becomes available, this work is showing the significant benefits of using synthetic data to understand the expected variations and to start preparing adapted tools for when data become available.
Attenuation control of pyrG expression in Bacillus subtilis is mediated by CTP-sensitive reiterative transcription (2004)

In Bacillus subtilis and other Gram-positive bacteria, pyrimidine-mediated regulation of the pyrG gene, which encodes CTP synthetase, occurs through an attenuation mechanism involving an intrinsic transcription terminator in the pyrG leader region. Low intracellular levels of CTP prevent termination at the attenuator by a mechanism that requires the nontemplate strand sequence GGGC at the pyrG transcription initiation site (first G =+1) and the leader transcript sequence GCUCCC located at the 5' end of the terminator RNA hairpin. In this study, we demonstrate that reiterative transcription adds G residues (up to at least 10) to the 5' end of pyrG transcripts when B. subtilis cells are starved for pyrimidines but not when cells are grown with excess cytidine. Regulated repetitive addition of G residues, as well as pyrimidine-mediated pyrG regulation, requires the sequence GGGC or GGGT at the start of pyrG transcription. Mutational insertion of four extra G residues at the 5' end of the pyrG transcript (i.e., 5'-GGGGGGGC) results in constitutive pyrG expression. We propose that the incorporation of extra G residues by reiterative transcription at the wild-type promoter occurs when normal transcription elongation is stalled at position +4 by low levels of the incoming substrate, CTP, during pyrimidine limitation. The poly(G) extensions on the 5' ends of pyrG transcripts act to prevent transcription attenuation by base pairing with the sequence CUCCCUUUC located in the 5' strand of the terminator hairpin. This control mechanism is likely to operate in other Gram-positive bacteria containing similar pyrG leader sequences.
Use of a specific bacteriophage treatment to reduce Salmonella in poultry products (2005)

Bacteriophages represent a group of viruses that specifically infect and replicate in bacteria and could potentially be used to reduce recovery of Salmonella from poultry carcasses. Bacteriophages were isolated from municipal wastewater in the presence of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 13A (SE). In the first 2 experiments, commercially processed broiler carcass rinse water was pooled and divided. The addition of 10(10) pfu/mL of a single bacteriophage (PHL 4) with selected concentrations of SE reduced (P < 0.05) frequency of SE recovered as compared with the control rinse water sample. In experiments 3 and 4, broiler carcasses were intentionally inoculated with SE, sprayed with selected concentrations of PHL 4, and rinsed for SE enrichment and isolation. Application of 5.5 mL of 10(8) or 10(10) pfu/mL of PHL 4 reduced (P < 0.05) the frequency of SE recovery as compared with controls. In experiments 5 and 6, commercially processed turkeys were rinsed with water containing 72 wild-type bacteriophages isolated against SE, which were amplified in SE, or the Salmonella isolated antemortem from drag swabs from the flock selected for in-plant treatment, or a combination of bacteriophages amplified by each bacterial host. All bacteriophage treatments reduced (P < 0.05) frequency of Salmonella recovery as compared with controls. Sufficient concentrations of an appropriate bacteriophage, or a bacteriophage mixture, can significantly reduce recoverable Salmonella from carcass rinses.
A Transcript Map for the 2.8-Mb Region Containing the Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Locus (1997)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) is an inherited cancer syndrome in which affected individuals develop multiple parathyroid, enteropancreatic, and pituitary tumors. The locus for MEN1 is tightly linked to the marker PYGM on chromosome 11q13, and linkage analysis places the MEN1 gene within a 2-Mb interval flanked by the markers D11S1883 and D11S449. Loss of heterozygosity studies in MEN 1 and sporadic tumors suggest that the MEN1 gene encodes a tumor suppressor and have helped to narrow the location of the gene to a 600-kb interval between PYGM and D11S449. Focusing on this smaller MEN1 interval, we have identified and mapped 12 transcripts to this 600-kb region. A precise ordered map of 33 transcripts, including 12 genes known to map to this region, was generated for the 2.8-Mb D11S480-D11S913 interval. Fifteen candidate genes (of which 10 were examined exhaustively) were evaluated by Southern blot and/or dideoxy fingerprinting analysis to identify the gene harboring disease-causing mutations.
Cardiac chamber volumes by echocardiography using a new mathematical method: A promising technique for zero-G use (1984)

Accurate, reproducible, and non-invasive means for ventricular volume determination are needed for evaluating cardiovascular function zero-gravity. Current echocardiographic methods, particularly for the right ventricle, suffer from a large standard error. A new mathematical approach, recently described by Watanabe et al., was tested on 1 normal formalin-fixed human hearts suspended in a mineral oil bath. Volumes are estimated from multiple two-dimensional echocardiographic views recorded from a single point at sequential angles. The product of sectional cavity area and center of mass for each view summed over the range of angles (using a trapezoidal rule) gives volume. Multiple (8-14) short axis right ventricle and left ventricle views at 5.0 deg intervals were videotaped. The images were digitized by two independent observers (leading-edge to leading-edge technique) and analyzed using a graphics tablet and microcomputer. Actual volumes were determined by filling the chambers with water. These data were compared to the mean of the two echo measurements.
Short wavelength FELs (2002)

The generation of coherent ultraviolet and shorter wavelength light is presently limited to synchrotron sources. Even though synchrotrons can produce a wide range of wavelengths, the output power in a narrow bandwidth is limited relative to that attainable by free-electron lasers (FELs). The use of FELs for the generation of short wavelength light with high output power is discussed. The progress in the development of brighter electron beams enables the use of much lower energy electron RF linacs to reach short-wavelengths than previously considered possible. The author summarizes the results obtained with synchrotron sources, reviews proposed short-wavelength FEL designs and then presents a new design which is capable of over an order of magnitude higher power in the extreme ultraviolet.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Validation of Localization via Wideband Acoustic Arrays for Underwater Fauna Monitoring at Sea (2021)

We present a technique for simultaneous detection, path tracking and accurate 3D underwater localization using wideband arrays of complex geometry based on acoustic reflections clustering. We have extended our previously proposed algorithm for 3D localization designed for arrays that do not meet typical constraints of one half-wavelength spacing between the closest array elements. Inspired by the scope of SYMBIOSIS, a hybrid opto-acoustic system for pelagic fish species monitoring, we added more functionalities that fit the needs of the project. The proposed algorithm can automatically discriminate moving targets from stationary environmental features and track them to estimate their possible time of arrival to the system. We test the algorithm in several autonomous deployments including shallow and deep water. The experimental results for marine fauna monitoring have shown a good performance in various environments.
Development of a real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection ofBurkholderia mallei (2017)

Burkholderia mallei is the aetiological agent of glanders, a highly contagious and re-emerging zoonotic disease. Early diagnosis of glanders is critically important to ensure timely treatment with appropriate antibiotics in humans, and to prevent spread of infection in animals. Molecular detection of B. mallei has always been troublesome because of its genetic similarity with Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis. In present investigation, a set of six B. mallei-specific primers were designed and a simple, rapid, specific and sensitive real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for detection of B. mallei. The LAMP assay could detect as low as 1 pg of B. mallei genomic DNA and 5.5 × 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/ml of B. mallei in spiked human blood. The assay was highly specific for B. mallei as it did not cross-react with other bacterial strains used in the study. The established LAMP assay is field adaptable and can be a better and viable alternative to PCR-based techniques for detection of B. mallei in glanders endemic areas with resource-limited settings.