gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving the Cost-Effectiveness of Artificial Visual Baits for Controlling the Tsetse Fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (2009)

Tsetse flies, which transmit sleeping sickness to humans and nagana to cattle, are commonly controlled by stationary artificial baits consisting of traps or insecticide-treated screens known as targets. In Kenya the use of electrocuting sampling devices showed that the numbers of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Newstead) visiting a biconical trap were nearly double those visiting a black target of 100 cm x 100 cm. However, only 40% of the males and 21% of the females entered the trap, whereas 71% and 34%, respectively, alighted on the target. The greater number visiting the trap appeared to be due to its being largely blue, rather than being three-dimensional or raised above the ground. Through a series of variations of target design we show that a blue-and-black panel of cloth (0.06 m(2)) flanked by a panel (0.06 m(2)) of fine black netting, placed at ground level, would be about ten times more cost-effective than traps or large targets in control campaigns. This finding has important implications for controlling all subspecies of G. fuscipes, which are currently responsible for more than 90% of sleeping sickness cases.
Preparation and Characterization of Nano-sized Mo/Ti Photocatalyst (2000)

In this study, molybdenum-doped TiO 2 (Mo/Ti) mixed oxide nanoparticles were prepared with the Mo 5+ content varying from 0 up to 2.5 mol% to shift the absorption onset into the visible part, and to enhance the efficiency by retarding th e e - -h + recombination. They were characterized by UV/VIS, TEM-EDP, XRD, EDAX, and XPS. Photonic efficiency was also investigated with the degradation rate of dichloroacetate(DCA) and light intensity measured by actinometry(2.68 μE/sec). TEM- Electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction patterns showed that particles were in the form of anatase with the diameter of ca. 4 nm. Appreciable red-shift in UV/VIS absorption spectra was observed with the addition of Mo, starting UV/VIS absorption in the case of 2.5%Mo/Ti at around 0.22 eV less than in nano-sized pure TiO 2 (around 3.42 eV). EDAX verified that the amount of Mo in the prepared mixed oxides was obtained as wished and XPS revealed that Mo(V) existed in TiO 2 lattice. Measured photonic efficiency turned out to be increased up to 0.28 at 0.5 mol% Mo, and then decreased as Mo content kept increasing higher than that. This was explained by the changing prevailing phenomena - electron trapping and recombination - as the amount of dopant increased.
Examining the Link between Biofilm Formation and the Ability of Pathogenic Salmonella Strains to Colonize Multiple Host Species (2017)

<i>Salmonella</i> are important pathogens worldwide and a predominant number of human infections are zoonotic in nature. The ability of strains to form biofilms, which is a multicellular behavior characterized by the aggregation of cells, is predicted to be a conserved strategy for increased persistence and survival. It may also contribute to the increasing number of infections caused by ingestion of contaminated fruits and vegetables. There is a correlation between biofilm formation and the ability of strains to colonize and replicate within the intestines of multiple host species. These strains predominantly cause localized gastroenteritis infections in humans. In contrast, there are salmonellae that cause systemic, disseminated infections in a select few host species; these "invasive" strains have a narrowed host range, and most are unable to form biofilms. This includes host-restricted <i>Salmonella</i> serovar Typhi, which are only able to infect humans, and atypical gastroenteritis strains associated with the opportunistic infection of immunocompromised patients. From the perspective of transmission, biofilm formation is advantageous for ensuring pathogen survival in the environment. However, from an infection point of view, biofilm formation may be an anti-virulence trait. We do not know if the capacity to form biofilms prevents a strain from accessing the systemic compartments within the host or if loss of the biofilm phenotype reflects a change in a strain's interaction with the host. In this review, we examine the connections between biofilm formation, <i>Salmonella</i> disease states, degrees of host adaptation, and how this might relate to different transmission patterns. A better understanding of the dynamic lifecycle of <i>Salmonella</i> will allow us to reduce the burden of livestock and human infections caused by these important pathogens.
626.2-nm pulsed operation (300 K) of an AlGaInP double heterostructure laser grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1985)

Room-temperature pulsed laser operation of (Al0.55Ga0.45)0.5In0.5P /(Al0.17Ga0.83)0.5In0.5P / (Al0.55Ga0.45)0.5In0.5P double heterostructure laser diodes grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition has been achieved. The lasing wavelength is 626.2 nm, which is the shortest ever reported for an AlGaInP double heterostructure laser. Threshold current density is 50 kA/cm2 for a diode with a 20-μm-wide and 200-μm-long stripe.
Structured maximum likelihood autoregressive parameter estimation (2003)

A novel method for the maximum likelihood estimation of autoregressive process parameters is presented. The approach is suited to applications in which the available data vector length is of the same order of magnitude as the autoregressive process model order, and it provides more accurate results than approximate methods that yield the maximum likelihood estimates only in the limit of long data records. The difficult nonlinear optimization problem is approached by first recursively solving for the maximum likelihood estimates of the data covariances subject to certain structural constraints, and then using these estimates in the Yule-Walker equations to obtain the autoregressive process parameter estimates. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of the method for autoregressive process power spectral density estimation using short data records.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Formal Specification of Interactive Graphics Programming Languages (1983)

Formal specifications of practical software systems are increasingly common; yet computer graphics systems are invariably described by informal means. The difficulty is the variety of special constructs that are needed in graphics programming. This dissertation develops specification techniques for graphics programming languages. The contributions include a language design framework that facilitates specification and a new specification technique that encompasses interactive control constructs.
Important concepts associated with graphics programming, such as picture, graphical transformation, and hierarchic picture structure, are defined in terms of sets and partial functions. Examples of these concepts are then expressed as graphical data types, allowing them to be specified using the algebraic specification technique.
Language primitives for controlling user interaction, including user input and displayed output, cannot be fully expressed using ordinary data types. Event algebras, an extension of the algebraic specification technique suitable for describing shared resource modules, are introduced and used to specify interaction primitives.
A prototype graphics language, made up of the language Pascal, a collection of graphical data types for producing hierarchically structured, two-dimensional pictures, and some convenient interaction primitives, is presented and formally specified in its entirety. Specifications are also given for portions of two existing systems: the language XPL/G and the Core Graphics standards proposal. Finally, some special problems associated with verification of graphics programs are addressed, and properties of several programs written in the prototype language are proven formally.
Minimal area test points for deterministic patterns (2016)

Conflict-aware test points, introduced recently, facilitate significant reductions in deterministic test pattern counts. However, dedicated flip-flops driving control points increase test logic area. This paper presents a method to minimize silicon area needed to implement conflict-aware test points by reusing functional flip-flops as drivers of control points. Conflict analysis is applied during the test point selection process, and ATPG verification is run for every potential candidate. Experimental results show that functional flip-flops can be reused as drivers for more than 90% of the control points with the average of 5% penalty in pattern count increase as compared to methods using only dedicated flip-flops. After replacing dedicated flip-flops with functional flip-flops, conflict-aware test points can still achieve remarkable pattern count reductions.
Electronic front end for Rogowski coil current transducers with online accuracy self monitoring (2012)

In order to lower the overall amplitude error of the combination of a medium voltage Rogowski coil current transducer (RCCT) with its associated readout electronics, a specific electronic architecture is presented here. It implements online accuracy monitoring, i.e. an online self calibration, that enhances accuracy performances of the electronics. This new architecture also provides transducer connection diagnostic. As illustrated by the experimental results, this new accuracy drift monitoring function allows one to divide the amplitude error caused by the drifts of electronic components by a factor of 10. Besides, the electronic front end automatically detects the disconnection between the coil and the usually remote electronics. The new Rogowski coil read out electronic front end is implemented with standard low cost CMOS electronics supplied with 5V. However it is compatible with high primary current measurements which correspond to several tens of Volts at the RCCT output.
Aziridines. XIX. Substituent effects in the pyrolytic isomerization of 1-aroyl-2,2-dimethylaziridines (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAziridines. XIX. Substituent effects in the pyrolytic isomerization of 1-aroyl-2,2-dimethylaziridinesPaul E. Fanta and Cheng Hsiung ChangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 25, 3907–3910Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1971https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00824a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (405 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Peptide models for beta-turns. A circular dichroism study. (1984)

The circular dichroism spectra of four beta-turn model peptides, Z-Aib-Pro-Aib-Pro-OMe (1), Piv-Pro-Aib- NHMe (2), Piv-Pro-D-Ala- NHMe (3) and Piv-Pro-Val- NHMe (4) have been examined under a wide range of solvent conditions, using methanol, hexafluoroisopropanol and cyclohexane. Type I and Type II beta-turns have been observed for peptides 1 and 2 respectively, in the solid state, while the Pro-D-Ala sequence adopts a Type II beta-turn in a related peptide crystal structure. A class C spectrum is observed for 1 in various solvents suggesting a variant of a Type I (III) structure. The Type II beta-turn is characterized by a CD spectrum having two positive CD bands at approximately 230 nm and approximately 202 nm, a feature observed in Piv-Pro-D-Ala- NHMe in cyclohexane and methanol and for Piv-Pro-Aib- NHMe in methanol. Peptide 2 exhibits solvent dependent CD spectra, which may be rationalized by considering Type II, III and V reverse turn structures. Piv-Pro-Val- NHMe adopts non-beta-turn structures in polar solvents, but exhibits a class B spectrum in cyclohexane suggesting a population of Type I beta-turns.
Nanoparticle Molecular Labels (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Immunogold-Silver Staining: A History Combined Fluorescent and Gold Probes Methodology Choice of Gold and AMG Type Iodinization Sensitivity Applications for the Microscopical Detection of Antigens Detection of Nucleic Acid Sequences Applications for Microscopical Detection of Nucleic Acids Technical Guidelines and Laboratory Protocols Gold Derivatives of Other Biomolecules Protein Labeling Gold Cluster-labeled Peptides Gold Cluster Conjugates of Other Small Molecules Gold–Lipids: Metallosomes Larger Covalent Particle Labels Gold Targeted to His Tags Enzyme Metallography Gold Cluster Nanocrystals Gold Cluster–Oligonucleotide Conjugates: Nanotechnology Applications DNA Nanowires 3-D Nanostructured Mineralized Biomaterials Gold-quenched Molecular Beacons Other Metal Cluster Labels Platinum and Palladium Tungstates Iridium
Binary Huygens' metasurface: A simple and efficient retroreflector at near-grazing angles (2017)

In this work we report the design and simulation of a metasurface retroreflector for near-grazing incidence. The retroreflector is a Huygens' metasurface that is coarsely discretized to just two cells per grating period. The coarse discretization leads to a relatively large element size, which in turn enables one to realize the metasurface unit cells using a simple, single-layered metasurface structure of a dipole backed by a ground plane. A full-wave Floquet simulation of the metasurface demonstrates retroreflection at 94% power efficiency for an incident TE plane wave at 82.87°. A simulation of the finite-length metasurface also shows efficient retroreflection in the far-field.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Heterosubstituted‐3‐(4‐methylsulfonyl)phenyl‐5‐trifluoromethyl Pyridines as Selective and Orally Active Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibitors. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structural behavior of nanometric carbohydrate films transduced by a resonant technique (2003)

New optical nanoresonance effects enabled us to study the effect of ions on nanometric carbohydrate thin layers on chips. Immobilization was done via spin coating of the derivatized carbohydrate polymer at a metallized chip surface forming ultrathin films (about 50-300 nm thick) followed by photochemical cross-linking. Deposition of metal-nanoclusters, synthesized by chemical means and sputter coating on top of the polymer, induced an optical resonance effect, which transduced changes of polymer structure quantitatively into an optical signal that can be observed directly as resonance shift of a narrow optical peak. The response of the sensor chip even visible to the eye was quantified spectroscopically in the visible and ir range of the spectrum. The lifetime of thin film was good, and thus application as a sensor was limited only by the mechanical stability of the reactive matrix, but not by photobleaching or molecular leakage. Due to the inherent hydrophilic nature of the alginate polymer, the response time of this new sensor is governed by simple aqueous diffusion of the ionic calcium for up to 300 nm completed within less than one second. Monitoring of calcium fluctuations in a high background of magnesium and even serum was demonstrated with a dynamic range optimal for physiological measurements and a linear response up to 5 mM. Surface and alignment of polymer chain were influenced by the nanostructure of the supporting metal film-contrary to alginic acid, chitosan was deposited well aligned to the nanocrystals of the support.
Modelling and implementation of twisted differential on-chip interconnects for crosstalk noise reduction (2004)

A simple generic interconnect architecture is presented to allow effective cancellation of inductive and capacitive noise in high-speed on-chip interconnect lines. The approach is based on the principle of constructing periodically twisted differential line pairs for parallel interconnect segments in order to eliminate the mutual coupling influences. Detailed simulations show that the twisted-differential lines (TDL) provide high-speed and crosstalk-immune interconnects, compared to single-ended and differential lines.
PRACTICAL HISTOLOGICAL MICRODISSECTION FOR PCR ANALYSIS (1996)

Recovery of cells by histological microdissection is increasingly used for analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or microchemical techniques. This paper describes techniques of histological microdissection. Sections of archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue up to 15 years old were mounted on plain glass slides. Sections 6-7 microns in thickness stained with toluidine blue were dissected under proteinase K buffer solution, using an electrolytically sharpened tungsten needle in a bacteriological loop-holder and a Leitz mechanical micromanipulator (model M). Detached cell groups were recovered in a silicone-coated pipette tip for PCR analysis after digestion in 25-50 microliters of proteinase K (500/ml) in TRIS-HCl buffer (pH 8.3). Consistent amplification and analysis of microsatellite loci were obtained from 2 microliters of crude lysate using 28-30 cycles of PCR incorporating a 32P 5'-end-labelled primer, electrophoresis under denaturing conditions on 6 per cent polyacrylamide gels, and autoradiographic detection.
Characterization by flow cytometry and fluorescein-methotrexate labeling of hydrophilic and lipophilic antifolate resistance in cultured mammalian cells (1993)

The aim of this review is to summarize currently available information on the rapid screening and initial characterization of the different mechanisms of resistance to hydrophilic [e.g. methotrexate (MTX)] and lipophilic antifolates [e.g. trimetrexate (TMTX)] in cultured mammalian cells using fluorescein-methotrexate (F-MTX) and flow cytometry. Toward this end an integrative F-MTX labeling and flow cytometry-based protocol is proposed here to facilitate the rapid identification of modes of antifolate resistance in a heterogenous drug-resistant cell population or in clonal derivatives. Following antifolate selection, drug-resistant cells are first labeled with F-MTX in order to saturate intracellular dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). F-MTX-labeled cells are then subjected to flow cytometric analysis and mean fluorescence/cell is determined. Thus, increased F-MTX staining is an indication of overproduction of the target enzyme for antifolates, DHFR, as a result of DHFR gene amplification. In contrast, significantly reduced cellular F-MTX labeling could be an indication of the existence of a structurally altered DHFR displaying a decreased affinity for antifolates. Alternatively, antifolate-resistant cells frequently display wild-type F-MTX labeling; these cells are subjected to competition with hydrophilic and lipophilic antifolates in order to examine whether the process of antifolate accumulation is deficient. Cells that lose F-MTX labeling upon competition with lipophilic antifolates yet still retain it with hydrophilic antifolates, are likely to possess transport alteration(s) that impair or abolish the accumulation of hydrophilic but not of lipophilic antifolates. In contrast, cells that lose their F-MTX labeling after competition with hydrophilic antifolates but retain it with lipophilic antifolates, possess a deficient accumulation of lipophilic antifolates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dopaminergic Function and Dopamine Transporter Binding Assessed With Positron Emission Tomography in Parkinson Disease (2002)

Uptake of (18)F-dopa may be up-regulated in early PD, suggesting a compensatory increase of dopamine synthesis in surviving dopaminergic terminals. Positron emission tomography dopamine transporter ligands and (18)F-dopa give complementary information on the presynaptic status of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system and might be associated to investigate the efficacy of neuroprotective treatments in PD.
Deployment and Evaluation of a Wireless Mesh Network (2009)

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have the potentialities to greatly penetrate the marketplace in the next decade. They can be considered a hybrid between wireless infrastructure and ad-hoc networks; no other network infrastructure is needed other than the mesh points, thus providing flexibility in building and expanding the network, allowing for automatic discovery of neighboring nodes, increased reliability and redundancy. In this work, we discuss how WMNs can be practically employed to support wireless multihop communications in an office-wide area. To this aim, we have deployed a real WMN testbed utilizing state-of-the-art technology and analyzed the performance of this architecture when supporting multihop heterogeneous traffic.
Choosing a high-quality hospital: the role of nudges, scorecard design and information (2010)

Patient choice, particularly the choice of hospital, has been at the heart of health policy for a number of years. The aim of this policy is to create competition, which in turn drives improvements in quality; for this to work effectively, patients have to make their choices on the basis of clinical quality. Significant resources have been devoted to offering patients more information to help them make their choices. But do people use the information that is available? Choosing a high-quality hospital explores how information can help patients to make informed choices. It is based on a research study, which began with a series of focus group discussions, the results of which informed the design of an online experiment. People were presented with information using a number of different ‘scorecards’ comparing the performance of hospital, and different ‘nudges’ were used to influence their choices.
Hadamard Transform Capillary Electrophoresis Combined with Absorption Spectrometry (2004)

A novel injection device for applying absorption spectrometry to Hadamard transform (HT) capillary electrophoresis is described. A small hole, at the center part of the capillary, functions as an inlet port for the sample. The hole is immersed in a sample solution and the end of the capillary that is usually employed for sample introduction is immersed in a buffer solution. An ultraviolet absorption detector is placed between the sample injection port and the other end of the capillary filled with a buffer solution. A high potential is continuously applied between the injection port and the end of the capillary, which allows the sample solution to be introduced into the separation capillary. By application of a higher potential modulated according to a Hadamard code between both ends of the capillary, the buffer solution is injected into the separation capillary. In some preliminary experiments, this injection device was utilized to introduce a single sample segment into a capillary. As expected, a single peak was observed in the electropherogram for a sample containing a single component. This device was then employed for multiple sample injection in HT capillary electrophoresis. An 8-fold improvement in the S/N ratio was observed when the HT technique was used, in which a 255-order of a Hadamard matrix was used, as expected from theory. The present approach was also utilized for the sensitive detection of a sample comprised of multiple components.