gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crowdsourcing Accessibility: Human-Powered Access Technologies (2015)

People with disabilities have always engaged the people around them in order to circumvent inaccessible situations, allowing them to live more independently and get things done in their everyday lives. Increasing connectivity is allowing this approach to be extended to wherever and whenever it is needed. Technology can leverage this human work force to accomplish tasks beyond the capabilities of computers, increasing how accessible the world is for people with disabilities. This article outlines the growth of online human support, outlines a number of projects in this space, and presents a set of challenges and opportunities for this work going forward.
A Comparative Study of Compressible and Conductive Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Forest in Different Polymer Matrixes for High-Performance Piezoresistive Force Sensors (2020)

In the present scenario, conducting and lightweight flexible polymer nanocomposites rival metallic and inorganic semiconducting materials as highly sensitive piezoresistive force sensors. Herein, we explore the feasibility of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) nanocomposites impregnated in different polymer matrixes, envisioned as highly efficient piezoresistors in sensor applications. Polymer nanocomposites are selectively designed and fabricated using three different polymer matrixes, i.e., polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyurethane (PU), and epoxy resins with ideal reinforcement of VACNTs to enhance the thermal stability, conductivity, compressibility, piezoresistivity, and sensitivity of these nanocomposites. To predict the best piezoresistive force sensor, we evaluated the structural, optical, thermal, electrical, mechanical, and piezoresistive properties of the nanocomposites using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), <i>I</i>-<i>V</i> measurements, compressive stress-strain measurements, hysteresis, sensitivity, and force studies. The results demonstrate that the PDMS/VACNT nanocomposite is capable of sustaining large force with almost complete recovery and enhanced sensitivity, thereby fulfilling the desirable need for a highly efficient conductive and flexible force sensor as compared to PU/VACNT and epoxy/VACNT nanocomposites.
Cover feature - A trusted open platform (2003)

Microsoft's next-generation secure computing base extends personal computers to offer mechanisms that let high-assurance software protect itself from the operating systems, device drivers, BIOS, and other software running on the same machine.
Hammering diagnosis algorithm with automated calibration (2016)

The hammering test has been widely used for inspection of social infrastructures because of its accuracy and efficiency of operation. In order to automate and apply the method to actual inspection sites, it is important for the system to calibrate itself against various environmental noise sources, such as strong winds, that influence the accuracy of the acoustic diagnosis. In this paper, a boosting based diagnostic algorithm with an updation rule for the weak learners that constitute the whole defect detector is proposed. Both clean and defective hammering sounds are templatized in the frequency domain, and inner parameters of the weak learners are optimized by using the pair of frequency template vectors. Furthermore, a new updation rule for template vectors is proposed. In experiments, our method was applied to defect detection of concrete test-pieces having slant cracks, which are considered to be serious defects in inspection sites. From the results, the effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed.
Algorithms for Estimating the Partition Function of Restricted Boltzmann Machines (Extended Abstract) (2020)

Estimating the normalization constants (partition functions) of energy-based probabilistic models (Markov random fields) with a high accuracy is required for measuring performance, monitoring the training progress of adaptive models, and conducting likelihood ratio tests. We devised a unifying theoretical framework for algorithms for estimating the partition function, including Annealed Importance Sampling (AIS) and Bennett's Acceptance Ratio method (BAR). The unification reveals conceptual similarities of and differences between different approaches and suggests new algorithms. The framework is based on a generalized form of Crooks' equality, which links the expectation over a distribution of samples generated by a transition operator to the expectation over the distribution induced by the reversed operator. Different ways of sampling, such as parallel tempering and path sampling, are covered by the framework. We performed experiments in which we estimated the partition function of restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) and Ising models. We found that BAR using parallel tempering worked well with a small number of bridging distributions, while path sampling based AIS performed best with many bridging distributions. The normalization constant is measured w.r.t.~a reference distribution, and the choice of this distribution turned out to be very important in our experiments. Overall, BAR gave the best empirical results, outperforming AIS.
Evolution of large eddies in compressible shear layers (1997)

The evolution of large turbulent eddies has been investigated in seven supersonic shear layers with average convective Mach numbers Mc¯ ranging from 0.22 to 0.86 and with large variation in density and velocity ratios. A two-laser, single-detector planar laser-induced fluorescence technique was used to visualize the flow and its evolution. Two-dimensional pattern matching yielded the convective velocity of the eddies. For Mc¯&amp;gt;0.3, fast and slow modes of eddy propagation were detected in supersonic–subsonic and supersonic–supersonic combinations, respectively. An empirical model for the convective velocity is proposed. Plan views reveal coexistence of two- and three-dimensional disturbances. Interaction among eddies appears significantly suppressed. The findings have direct impact on supersonic jet noise and are very relevant to supersonic combustion.
Dynamic Traitor Tracing (1999)

. Traitor tracing schemes were introduced so as to combat the typical piracy scenario whereby pirate decoders (or access control smartcards) are manufactured and sold by pirates to illegal subscribers. Those traitor tracing schemes, however, are ineffective for the currently less common scenario where a pirate publishes the periodical access control keys on the Internet or, alternatively, simply rebroadcasts the content via an independent pirate network. This new piracy scenario may become especially attractive (to pirates) in the context of broadband multicast over the Internet. In this paper we consider the consequences of this type of piracy and offer countermeasures. We introduce the concept of dynamic traitor tracing which is a practical and efficient tool to combat this type of piracy. We also consider the static watermarking problem, presented by Boneh and Shaw, and derive bounds on the performance parameters of the &amp;quot;natural majority algorithm&amp;quot;. 1 Introduction The...
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN RESULTS OF CT ANGIOGRAPHY OF INTRA - AND EXTRACRANIAL ARTERIES IN PATIENTS WITH АСUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE AND THE SEVERITY OF NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS AT NIHSS SCORE (2021)

To determine the detection of large intracranial artery thrombosis by CT angiography (CTA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke, depending on the severity of neurological symptoms at the international NIHSS score. Materials and methods. Study population are patients, hospitalized to the M.P. Konchalovsky City clinical hospital in Moscow during 2019 with ischemic stroke and underwent CTA scans of extra-and intracranial arteries: total 173 patients (94 women (54.3%), man 79 (45,7 %), average age – 70 years) with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke, who were in all cases, NIHSS scale was used to assess the severity of neurological symptoms. Intravenous fibrinolytic therapy (FT) or intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy (TE) was performed in all cases. The Spearman rank correlation was used to measure the correlation. Results. In 63 of 173 patients (36%) NIHSS score was 6 points or less. Occlusions of large intracranial arteries were detected in 27.7% (n=46) of cases, of which only 61% (n=28) patients reached the stage of TE. FT was performed in 54% of cases (n=94). Of 46 cases with occlusion of large intracranial arteries only 2 patients (4%) had NIHSS score 6 or less. Of all patients, who underwent the CTA, only 2 (1.2%) had NIHSS score 6 or less. There was a significant positive correlation between NIHSS score and the detection of intracranial artery thrombosis. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient Rs is 0.55 (p&lt;0.0001). For one patient brought to the TE stage, there were 6 CTA of extra-and intracranial arteries. Conclusion. There is a strong relationship between NIHSS score and the detection of intracranial artery thrombosis by CTA. With the low values of the NIHSS score (less than 6), the probability of detection of thrombosis is extremely small. It is advisable to prescribe CTA for patients with NIHSS score of 7 or more only.
Optimization of Covert Channel Identification (2006)

We characterize the properties of covert channels and present a taxonomy of covert channels. Information flow sequence is adopted to represent information flows and covert channels. Covert channels are categorized according to their information flow characteristics. On this basis, we explore the optimization of covert channel identification with the shared resource matrix method adopted for demonstration. A general framework for covert channel identification founded on information flow analysis is proposed. We also review previous work within our framework. The application of our approach to a practical system is shown. At last, a new class of covert channels which used to be omitted by previous work is introduced.
La resiliencia del docente como factor crucial para superar las adversidades en una sociedad de cambios / The resilience of teachers as crucial factor to overcome adversity in a society of changes (2016)

The resilience and human development are important concepts that require reflection and detailed analysis and necessary for the subject, both personally and professionally. Resilience is therefore conceived as a phenomenon, operation, process, or sometimes as a feature reflecting capacity. This phenomenon is not constant or permanent, can the subject, or in this particular case, the educator, be resilient in certain areas and not in others, mainly consisting resilience in a balance of forces. Therefore, a potential resilience is present in each of us, but differentially develops according to the stages of psychological development life cycle, and environmental conditions. This study is relevant for the current important it is for a teacher to be resilient to successfully meet its task as an educator in a changing society.
Direct planting of ultrafine MoO2+δ nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers by electrospinning: self-supported mats as binder-free and long-life anodes for lithium-ion batteries (2016)

Three-dimensional (3D) interconnected carbon nanofibrous mats containing well-dispersed MoO2+δ nanocrystals are fabricated through a facile electrospinning route followed by thermal treatment in N2. The resulting nanostructured monolithic hybrid mat made of C/MoO2+δ nanofibers exhibits superior Li-storage performances, when evaluated as a free-standing anode material. At a current density of 200 mA g(-1), a reversible capacity as high as 876.9 mA h g(-1) is achieved after 250 cycles. A capacity of 447.9 mA h g(-1) could still be maintained after 1000 cycles even at a high current density of 2000 mA g(-1), indicating high rate capability and cyclability. The attractive electrochemical performances of the as-obtained 3D C/MoO2+δ networks may benefit from the synergistic effects of the unique nanoarchitectures and the integrity of the electrodes. Monodispersed MoO2+δ nanocrystals encapsulated in carbon nanofibers not only provide interfacial storage but also improve the transport kinetics of electrons and lithium ions.
Factors influencing mutation at the hprt locus in T‐lymphocytes: Studies in normal women and women with benign and malignant breast masses (1992)

A prospective, longitudinal study was performed to test the hypothesis that environmental factors (e.g., diet or cigarette smoking) modulate genetic damage caused by treatment for breast cancer and render these women more susceptible to developing second malignancies. A total of 107 women (49 with breast cancer, 52 with benign breast masses, and 6 normal women) were enrolled. This report describes initial studies at the time of enrollment and disease presentation. Mutant frequency at the hprt locus and cloning efficiency of peripheral blood lymphocytes did not differ significantly among the 3 groups. Mutant frequency increased with age, with a history of cigarette smoking, and with the number of years that current smokers used cigarettes. There was no correlation in women with benign masses between mutant frequency and the incidence of chromosome aberrations (28 women) or sister chromatid exchanges (23 women). A maternal history of breast cancer did not influence mutant frequency. There was no significant relationship between dietary intake of vitamins A, B12, C and E, folacin, selenium, calcium, caffeine, or multivitamin pills, and mutant frequency. Serum folate levels in the deficient range were associated (P = 0.02) with elevated mutant frequencies, whereas SCE rates inversely correlated with serum vitamin B12 levels. These results confirm the importance of age and, less so, cigarette smoking as factors that influence mutant frequency and suggest that a micronutrient, folic acid, may modify genetic damage at the hprt locus. To the extent that somatic mutation contributes to carcinogenesis, these environmental factors may enhance the risk of developing malignant transformation.
State of the art 3D MR-cholangiopancreatography for tumor detection. (2007)

With the use of current multislice techniques for MR cholangiopancreatography various upper abdominal pathologies including pancreatic carcinoma, Klatskin tumor and metastatic spread can be non invasively depicted. Respiratory gating allows free breathing of the patient, which increases patient comfort, while excellent image quality can be achieved. In this concise pictorial report, state of the art MRCP images of various cancer entities including sequence descriptons are presented.
A Theory of Human Stereo Vision (1977)

An algorithm is proposed for solving the stereoscopic matching problem. The algorithm consists of five steps: (1) Each image is filtered with bar masks of four sizes that vary with eccentricity; the equivalent filters are about one octave wide. (2) Zero-crossings of the mask values are localized, and positions that correspond to terminations are found; (3) For each mask size, matching takes place between paris of zero-crossings or terminations of the same sign in the two images, for a range of disparities up to about the width of the mask's central region; (4) Wide masks can control vergence movements, thus causing small masks to come into correspondence; and (5) When a correspondence is achieved, it is written into a dynamic buffer, called the 2-1/2-D sketch. It is shown that this proposal provides a theoretical framework for most existing psychophysical and neurophysiological data about stereopsis. Several critical experimental predictions are also made, for instance about the size of Panum's area under various conditions. The results of such experiments would tell us whether, for example, cooperativity is necessary for the fusion process.
Probabilistic Soil Erosion Modeling Using the Erosion Risk Management Tool (ERMiT) After Wildfires (2011)

The decision of whether or not to apply post-fire hillslope erosion mitigation treatments, and if so, where these treatments are most needed, is a multi-step process. Land managers must assess the risk of damaging runoff and sediment delivery events occurring on the unrecovered burned hillslope. We developed the Erosion Risk Management Tool (ERMiT) to address this need. ERMiT is a web-based application that uses the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) technology to estimate sediment delivery, in probabilistic terms, on burned and recovering forest, range, and chaparral lands with and without the application of mitigation treatments. User inputs are processed by ERMiT to combine rain event variability with spatial and temporal variability of soil burn severity and soil properties, which are then used as WEPP input parameter values. Based on 20 to 40 individual WEPP runs, ERMiT produces a distribution of single sediment delivery rates with a probability of occurrence for each of five postfire years. In addition, sediment delivery rate distributions are generated for postfire hillslopes that have been treated with seeding, straw mulch, and erosion barriers such as contour-felled logs or straw wattles. Using postfire sediment data from 21 small instrumented watersheds (< 14 ha), we compared each storms measured sediment delivery to the ERMiT-predicted delivery. Observed delivery rates were within the predicted range of values 77 percent of the time, with 14 percent of the observed values being greater than the estimated range, and 9 percent being less than the predicted range. Most of the under predictions were associated with studies in the Colorado Front Range. The ERMiT tool tended to over predict sediment delivery in the Northern Rockies and in California. Only 3 percent of the observed delivery events were associated with snow melt processes, whereas 36 percent of the predicted values were influenced by snow melt. Based on these results, we are considering improvements such as incorporating erodibility values for more forest soil types, adjusting the weather characteristics in the climate generator, and reducing the occurrence of snow melt erosion response. Postfire assessment teams are actively using the ERMiT model for making hillslope mitigation treatment decisions based on the probability of damaging sediment delivery occurring after a wildfire.
Analog Cancellation of Unwanted Reflections for Enhanced Ultrasound Microscopy (2022)

Our scanning acoustic microscope uses coded excitation. The excitation signal consists of linear chirps of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1\ \mu\mathbf{s}$</tex> duration. Parts of this signal are reflected from the internal structures of the lens, which causes high signal amplitudes in the recorded signal. The signals from the lens reflections can be 5 to 10 times larger than the signal from the sample. As coded excitation utilizes long modulated signals, the signals originating from the lens reflection will overlap with signals originating from the sample. The frequency encoding combined with the pulse compression method enables the reconstruction of the time resolution and allows the separation of the reflections. Pulse compression works properly only if the full duration and the full amplitude of the signal is captured. Therefore, the amplifier and the gain of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) resolution needs to be adjusted to the amplitude of the strongest reflection present, i.e. the lens echoes. This results in quantization of the small-amplitude echoes from the sample. To overcome these limitations, we implemented an analog signal cancellation method. The signal of the lens reflections was first recorded. During measurements, the signal containing lens reflections was inverted, then reproduced by an arbitrary waveform generator, and finally combined with an analog signal combiner to the measurement signal from the microscope. The maximum signal amplitude was reduced by 80 %, which made it possible to change from the 1000 mV-range to the 200 mV-range of the ADC, thus improving the dynamic range. This reduced the quantisation noise and led to a 3 times lower noise-level in the image.
Hierarchical Nano- and Micro-engineered Interlaminar Reinforcement of Advanced Aerospace Grade Composites with Carbon Nanotube Arrays (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0443.vid Several novel next-generation composite architectures are demonstrated by introducing hierarchical architectures of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays. Here, we integrate buckling and patterning of VACNT arrays with advanced aerospace-grade carbon fiber polymer-matrix composites to introduce multi-level hierarchy into the interlaminar regions of composite laminates comprised of unidirectional IM7/8552 plies. The integration of buckled and patterned VACNTs shows ~7% increase in static interlaminar shear strength and ~224% increase in fatigue life across several load levels under short beam shear tests, when compared to the baseline unreinforced system. This hierarchical nano-engineered interlaminar reinforcement alters the damage modes, leading to a significant increase in structural strength over the conventional composites, beyond the unbuckled VACNT system. This work further demonstrates the ability to utilize structural instability of the nanoscale fibers at the microscale. In addition to the improvements in mechanical performance, the hierarchical composites with these micro-buckled nanoscale arrays are expected to be extended to multifunctional purposes beyond structural applications.
Tracking transplanted cells using dual-radionuclide SPECT (2006)

The purpose of this study was to characterize the performance of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in tasks associated with tracking transplanted cells. Previous studies identified matters of hardware design, whereas we focus on biological variables impacting system performance, such as cell colony growth and non-specific radiolabelling. Using experimental data, a digital phantom was developed of in vitro 111In-radiolabelled stem cells, transfected with a reporter gene, transplanted into canine infarcted myocardium and interrogated using a peripherally injected 131I-radiolabelled reporter probe. Single- and dual-head SPECT acquisition was simulated. Performance was characterized using an estimation task, where the precision of parameter estimates (111In and 131I radiolabel quantity, cell colony size and location, and background) was tracked as the phantom evolved to simulate 111In-label efflux, cell colony growth and improved reporter probe specificity. In vitro pre-labelling of transplanted cells improved precision of parameter estimates via a priori size and location information. Precision of radiolabel quantity estimates improved with cell colony growth, despite 111In radiolabel dilution; size and location parameters were influenced little. Precision of radiolabel quantity estimates improved with reduced reporter probe non-specific uptake. The performance of SPECT in cell tracking is influenced strongly by biological variables. These should be considered when planning experiments or developing SPECT technology for cell tracking.