gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coniferin and Derivatives: a Fast and Easy Synthesis via the Aldehyde Series Using Phase-Transfer Catalysis (1998)

Coniferin was synthesised in good yields (56% starting from vanillin) under mild conditions. A one-pot coupling of the glucosidation and Wittig-type reactions led to coniferaldehyde tetra-O-acetylglucoside, easily reduced into tetra-O-acetylconiferin by sodium borohydride. Similar procedures were used for the synthesis of syringin and the glucoside of 4-coumaryl alcohol.
Distribution of Information Flows in Orbital Groupings for Remote Sensing of the Earth (2022)

The distribution of target information fluxes in orbital groupings for remote sensing of the Earth is considered. An operational scenario is proposed for a remote sensing system, with the transfer of large quantities of information between the satellites in the system. An engineering formulation of the problem is presented.
Live Reconstruction of Large-Scale Dynamic Outdoor Worlds (2019)

Standard 3D reconstruction pipelines assume stationary world, therefore suffer from `ghost artifacts' whenever dynamic objects are present in the scene. Recent approaches has started tackling this issue, however, they typically either only discard dynamic information, represent it using bounding boxes or per-frame depth or rely on approaches that are inherently slow and not suitable to online settings. We propose an end-to-end system for live reconstruction of large-scale outdoor dynamic environments. We leverage recent advances in computationally efficient data-driven approaches for 6-DoF object pose estimation to segment the scene into objects and stationary `background'. This allows us to represent the scene using a time-dependent (dynamic) map, in which each object is explicitly represented as a separate instance and reconstructed in its own volume. For each time step, our dynamic map maintains a relative pose of each volume with respect to the stationary background. Our system operates in incremental manner which is essential for on-line reconstruction, handles large-scale environments with objects at large distances and runs in (near) real-time. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach on the KITTI dataset, and provide qualitative and quantitative results showing high-quality dense 3D reconstructions of a number of dynamic scenes.
Pitch-axis supermanoeuvrability in a biomimetic morphing-wing UAV (2022)

Birds and bats are extremely adept flyers: whether in hunting prey, or evading predators, post-stall manoeuvrability is a characteristic of vital importance. Their performance, in this regard, greatly exceeds that of uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) of similar scale. Attempts to attain post-stall manoeuvrability, or supermanoeuvrability, in UAVs have typically focused on thrust-vectoring technology. Here we show that biomimetic wing morphing offers an additional pathway to classical supermanoeuvrability, as well as novel forms of bioinspired post-stall manoeuvrability. Using a state-of-the-art flight simulator, equipped with a multibody model of lifting surface motion and a delay differential equation (Goman-Khrabrov) dynamic stall model for all lifting surfaces, we demonstrate the capability of a biomimetic morphing-wing UAV for two post-stall manoeuvres: a classical rapid nose-pointing-and-shooting (RaNPAS) manoeuvre; and a wall landing manoeuvre inspired by biological ballistic transitions. We develop a guidance method for these manoeuvres, based on parametric variation of nonlinear longitudinal stability profiles, which allows efficient exploration of the space of post-stall manoeuvres in these types of UAVs; and yields insight into effective morphing kinematics to enable these manoeuvres. Our results demonstrate the capability of biomimetic morphing, and morphing control of nonlinear longitudinal stability, to enable advanced forms of transient supermanoeuvrability in UAVs.
Direct-voltage references (1975)

Precise sources of e.m.f have existed mainly in three forms: the electrolytic cell, the gas-discharge tube and the avalanche or Zener diode. The paper attempts to place these various voltage-reference devices in historical and technical perspective. The properties of several types of cell are given, followed by a similar treatment of glow-discharge and corona-discharge tubes and finally a rather fuller account of the Zener diode and other solid-state elements. The relative merits of all these reference devices are then discussed. The paper concludes with an outline of some of the latest techniques for the successful use of these devices. The list of papers to which reference is made includes most of the original texts.
Kinematic Synthesis and Analysis of a Novel Class of Six-DOF Parallel Minimanipulators (1993)

A new class of six-degree-of-freedom (six-DOF) parallel minimanipulators is introduced. The minimanipulators are designed to provide high resolution and high stiffness in fine- manipulation operations. Two-DOF planar mechanisms (e.g., five- bar linkages, pantographs) and inextensible limbs are used to improve positional resolution and stiffness of the minimanipulators. The two-DOF mechanisms serve as drivers for the minimanipulators. The minimanipulators require only three inextensible limbs and unlike most of the six-limbed parallel manipulators, their direct kinematics can be reduced to solving a polynomial in a single variable. All of the minimanipulator actuators are base-mounted. As a result, higher payload capacity, smaller actuator sizes, and lower power dissipation can be obtained.<P>Inverse kinematics of the minimanipulators has been reduced to solving three decoupled quadratic equations, each of which contains only one unknown.<P>Kinematic inversion is used to reduce the direct kinematics of the minimanipulator to an eighth- degree polynomial in the square of a single variable. Hence, the maximum number of assembly configurations for the minimanipulator is sixteen. It is proved that the sixteen solutions are eight pairs of reflected configurations with respect to the plane passing through the lower ends of the three limbs.<P>The Jacobian and stiffness matrices of two types of minimanipulators are derived. It is shown that, at a central configuration, the stiffness matrix of the first type minimanipulator (driven by bidirectional linear stepper motors) can be decoupled, if proper design parameters are chosen. It is also shown that the stiffness of the minimanipulators is higher than that of the Stewart platform. Guidelines for obtaining large stiffness values and for designing the drivers of the second type minimanipulator (simplified five-bar linkages) are established.<P>An algorithm is developed to determine the workspace of the minimanipulators. Given any orientation for the output link, three-dimensional representation of the workspace is obtained. Guidelines for avoiding discontinuities inside of the workspace are established.<P>Necessary and sufficient conditions for both inverse and direct kinematics singularities of the minimanipulators are obtained. Guidelines for avoiding direct kinematics singularities, which occur within the minimanipulator workspace, are established.
The structure and conformational properties of a cembranolide diterpene from Pachyclavularia violacea (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe structure and conformational properties of a cembranolide diterpene from Pachyclavularia violaceaWayne Inman and Phillip CrewsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 11, 2526–2529Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00272a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00272a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cesium Eluate Evaporation Solubility and Physical Property Behavior (2003)

The baseline flowsheet for low activity waste (LAW) in the Hanford River Protection Project (RPP) Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) includes pretreatment of supernatant by removing cesium using ion exchange. When the ion exchange column is loaded, the cesium will be eluted with a 0.5M nitric acid (HNO3) solution to allow the column to be conditioned for re-use. The cesium eluate solution will then be concentrated in a vacuum evaporator to minimize storage volume and recycle HNO3. To prevent the formation of solids during storage of the evaporator bottoms, criteria have been set for limiting the concentration of the evaporator product to 80 percent of saturation at 25 degrees C. A fundamental element of predicting evaporator product solubility is to collect data that can be used to estimate key operating parameters. The data must be able to predict evaporator behavior for a range of eluate concentrations that are evaporated to the point of precipitation. Parameters that were selected for modeling include solubility, density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity. Of central importance is identifying the effect of varying feed components on overall solubility. The point of solubility defines the upper limit for eluate evaporation operations and liquid storage. The solubility point also defines those chemical compounds that have the greatest effects on physical properties. Third, solubility behavior identifies intermediate points where physical property data should be measured for the database. Physical property data (density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity) may be an integral part of tracking evaporator operations as they progress toward their end point. Once the data have been collected, statistical design software can develop mathematical equations that estimate solubility and other physical properties.
Association&nbsp;of vasopressor use with mortality in severe traumatic brain injury: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan (2021)

Abstract Background: Maintaining of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is frequently incorporated in severe traumatic brain injury management algorithms. However, there is limited evidence on prevalent clinical practices regarding a preferred method for achieving such CPP aims. We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study to determine the association between the use of vasopressors and mortality following hospital discharge in patients with severe traumatic brain injury, and to determine whether the use of vasopressors affects emergency department mortality or the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction. Methods: Data were collected between January 2004 and December 2018 from the Japanese Trauma Data Bank, which includes data from 272 emergency hospitals in Japan. Adults aged ≥16 years with severe traumatic brain injury, without other major injuries, were examined. A severe traumatic brain injury was defined based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale code and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3–8 on admission. Multivariable analysis and propensity score matching were performed. Statistical significance was assessed using 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: In total, 10 284 patients were eligible for analysis, with 650 patients (6.32%) included in the vasopressor group and 9634 patients (93.68%) included in the non-vasopressor group. The proportion of deaths on hospital discharge was higher in the vasopressor group than in the non-vasopressor group (81.69% [531/650] vs. 40.21% [3,874/9,634]). This finding was confirmed by multivariable logistic regression analysis (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.71; 95% CI: 4.56–7.16). Regarding propensity score-matched patients, the proportion of deaths on hospital discharge remained higher in the vasopressor group than in the non-vasopressor group (81.66% [530/649] vs. 50.69% [329/649]) (OR, 4.33; 95% CI: 3.37–5.57). The vasopressor group had a higher emergency department mortality rate than the non-vasopressor group (8.01% [52/649] vs. 2.77% [18/649]) (OR, 3.05; 95% CI: 1.77–5.28). There was no reduction in complications of cognitive disorders in the vasopressor group (5.39% [35/649] vs. 5.55% [36/649]) (OR, 0.97; 95% CI: 0.60–1.57). Conclusions: In this population, the use of vasopressors for severe traumatic brain injury was associated with higher mortality on hospital discharge. Our results could not reach the conclusion that vasopressor therapy is beneficial in improving clinical outcomes in patients with severe TBI.
Morbidity and Mortality in Critically Ill Children. II. A Qualitative Patient-Level Analysis of Pathophysiologies and Potential Therapeutic Solutions* (2020)

Low cardiac output and cardiac arrest, inflammation-related organ failures, and CNS trauma were the most common pathophysiologies leading to morbidity and mortality in PICUs. A research agenda focused on better understanding and treatment of these conditions may have high potential to directly impact patient outcomes.
Heritability of Digestibilities and Divergent Selection for Digestion Ability in Growing Chicks Fed a Wheat Diet (2004)

The genetic parameters of digestibilities for a wheat-based diet were estimated on 864 broilers. Two divergent lines (D+ and D-) were developed based on AMEn. The Rialto wheat variety was used as it is known to result in low digestibility values. Digestibility of lipids (DL), starch (DS), and proteins (DP) were measured individually using Near Infrared (NIR) analysis of freeze-dried excreta. Body weight, feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed consumption (RES) were recorded to evaluate their correlation with AMEn. The mean AMEn value was 3,093 kcal/kg DM (CV = 9.0%), with a range of 1,001 to 4,022 kcal/kg DM, and was highly heritable (0.36 to 0.38) based on the Restricted Maximum Likelihood method. Genetic correlations with BW were low (-0.10 to -0.15). Selection for AMEn can thus be performed without modifying BW. In contrast, the estimated genetic correlations between AMEn and the other traits were highly negative (-0.53 to -0.60 for FC, -0.77 to -0.80 for RES, and -0.77 to -0.84 for FCR). Finally, digestibilities of feed components were moderately to highly heritable (0.33 to 0.47) and highly correlated with AMEn (0.91 for DL, 0.83 for DS, and 0.86 for DP). Selecting for improved AMEn should thus improve digestibility of proteins, starch, and lipids. The first generation of divergent selection on AMEn confirmed these results, D+ and D- lines showing a 13% difference in AMEn (P < 0.0001) and similar BW.
Control of expression and maturation of epidermal growth factor receptor (1990)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor is a 170 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that contains a ligand-binding external domain, and a catalytically active cytoplasmic region. The expression of this receptor as well as a 100 kDa homolog that contains only the external domain is enhanced by the ligand EGF. EGF acts at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. To dissociate these pre-translational effects and the effects of EGF on receptor polypeptide synthesis from these on receptor export, pulse-chase experiments were conducted. These studies indicate that EGF stimulates post-translational transport and processing of the receptor, and this stimulation can occur in the absence of new protein synthesis. Other studies show that EGF accelerates at least two slow events in receptor maturation--the deoxynojirimycin sensitive processing in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the swainsonine sensitive processing in Golgi. The results suggest that EGF may influence one or more of the rate determining steps that control receptor export from ER, and this may represent yet another aspect of EGF action that contributes to the positive regulation of EGF-receptor protein expression.
Chemical Characterization of Emissions from Vegetable Oil Processing and Their Contribution to Aerosol Mass Using the Organic Molecular Markers Approach (2001)

The organic fraction of aerosol emitted from a vegetable oil processing plant was studied to investigate the contribution of emissions to ambient particles in the surrounding area. Solvent-soluble particulate organic compounds emitted from the plant accounted for 10% of total suspended particles. This percentage was lower in the receptor sites (less than 6% of total aerosol mass). Nonpolar, moderate polar, polar, and acidic compounds were detected in both emitted and ambient aerosol samples. The processing and combustion of olive pits yielded a source with strong biogenic characteristics, such as the high values of the carbon preference index (CPI) for all compound classes. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) detected in emissions were associated with both olive pits and diesel combustion. The chromatographic profile of dimethylphenanthrenes (DMPs) was characteristic of olive pit combustion. Organic aerosols collected in two receptor sites provided a different pattern. The significant contribution of vehicular emissions was identified by CPI values (approximately 1) of n-alkanes and the presence of the unresolved complex mixture (UCM). In addition, PAH concentration diagnostic ratios indicated that emissions from catalyst and noncatalyst automobiles and heavy trucks were significant. The strong even-to-odd predominance of n-alkanols, n-alkanoic acids, and their salts indicated the contribution of a source with biogenic characteristics. However, the profile of DMPs at receptor sites was similar to that observed for diesel particulates. These differences indicated that the contribution of vegetable oil processing emissions to the atmosphere was negligible.
Bend sensing using optical fibre long period gratings (2000)

The attenuation bands of the transmission spectrum of a long period grating subjected to bending are observed to split into two. The split attenuation bands' wavelength separation increases significantly with increasing bend curvature. This effect is exploited to allow the measurement of bending in structures.
Does Age Play a Role in Clinical Presentation of Hypothyroidism? (1994)

OBJECTIVE : To determine if aging modifies the clinical presentation of hypothyroidism. DESIGN : Comparison of 24 clinical signs of hypothyroidism between elderly patients (≥ 70 years of age) and younger patients (≤ 55 years of age). SETTING : Prospective study of patients with chemically confirmed overt hypothyroidism. PATIENTS : Sixty seven elderly patients (79.3 ± 6.7 years) and 54 younger patients (40.8 ± 9 years) were included in the study. RESULTS : Neither mean duration of evolution nor mean thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) level were different between the 2 groups. Two signs were found in more than 50% of the elderly patients (fatigue and weakness). Four signs were significantly less frequent in elderly patients (chilliness, paresthesiae, weight gain, and cramps). Mean number of clinical signs in the elderly (6.6 ± 4) was significantly smaller than in young patients (9.3 ± 4.7) ( P &lt; 0.01). CONCLUSIONS : Our results suggest that the presentation of hypothyroidism is altered in the elderly in comparison with young patients in that there are (1) fewer signs or symptoms and (2) diminished frequency of some classical signs. Our results underline the importance of TSH measurement in the elderly.
Using Random Walks for Iterative Phase Estimation (2022)

In recent years there has been substantial development in algorithms for quantum phase estimation. In this work we provide a new approach to online Bayesian phase estimation that achieves Heisenberg limited scaling that requires exponentially less classical processing time with the desired error tolerance than existing Bayesian methods. This practically means that we can perform an update in microseconds on a CPU as opposed to milliseconds for existing particle filter methods. Our approach assumes that the prior distribution is Gaussian and exploits the fact, when optimal experiments are chosen, the mean of the prior distribution is given by the position of a random walker whose moves are dictated by the measurement outcomes. We then argue from arguments based on the Fisher information that our algorithm provides a near-optimal analysis of the data. This work shows that online Bayesian inference is practical, efficient and ready for deployment in modern FPGA driven adaptive experiments.
Abstract TP184: Impact on Ischemic Stroke Subtypes of Fasting and Non-fasting Triglycerides (2017)

Introduction: Remnant cholesterol, comprising triglycerides(TG)-rich lipoproteins, accumulates in intimal foam cells and causes atherosclerosis. Fasting TG is reported to be associated with atherosclerotic stroke, but relationships between non-fasting TG (NFTG) and ischemic stroke subtypes are unknown. Recently NFTG was found to produce endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to elucidate the association of fasting and NFTG with ischemic stroke subtypes, especially large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and small vessel occlusion (SVO). Methods: Using a prospective multicenter stroke registry (Clinical Research Center for Stroke - 5th division), we identified acute ischemic stroke patients, hospitalized within 48 hours of onset, and whose fasting and non-fasting TG values were available. We measured lipid profiles in each individual twice; at presentation and after overnight fasting. Initial TG were regarded as NFTG when measured within 8 hours from last mealtime. Results: Total 3,170 patients were analyzed. Stroke subtypes were categorized as LAA (37.9%), SVO (18.7%) and non-LAA and non-SVO (43.4%). Lipid levels according stroke subtypes are presented in Table. Lipid levels were divided by quartiles and the highest quartile was compared to others. In multinomial analyses compared to non-LAA and non-SVO group, fasting TG was associated with LAA (adjusted ORs 1.33 [95% CIs 1.09 - 1.62]) and SVO (1.61 [1.27 - 2.04]). NFTG was associated not with LAA (1.05 [0.87 - 1.28]), but with SVO (1.36 [1.08 - 1.71]). With respect to other lipid levels, fasting and non-fasting LDL were associated with both LAA (1.57 [1.29 - 1.90], fasting; 1.89 [1.56 - 2.29], non-fasting) and SVO (1.40 [1.11 - 1.77], fasting; 1.74 [1.38 - 2.19], non-fasting). Conclusions: This study may be the first one to demonstrate an association between non-fasting TG and SVO. It should be explored further on mechanisms of differential effect of fasting and non-fasting TG on ischemic stroke subtypes.
Supplementary Table 1 from Novel Susceptibility Loci for Second Primary Tumors/Recurrence in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Large-Scale Evaluation of Genetic Variants (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Novel Susceptibility Loci for Second Primary Tumors/Recurrence in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Large-Scale Evaluation of Genetic Variants