gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral Response of Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles to Capacitive Charging: Morphology Effects (2017)

We report a study of the shape-dependent spectral response of the gold nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance at various electron densities to provide mechanistic insight into the role of capacitive charging, a topic of some debate. We demonstrate a morphology-dependent spectral response for gold nanoparticles due to capacitive charging using single-particle spectroscopy in an inert electrochemical environment. A decrease in plasmon energy and increase in spectral width for gold nanospheres and nanorods was observed as the electron density was tuned through a potential window of -0.3 to 0.1 V. The combined observations could not be explained by existing theories. A new quantum theory for charging based on the random phase approximation was developed. Additionally, the redox reaction of gold oxide formation was probed using single-particle plasmon voltammetry to reproduce the reduction peak from the bulk cyclic voltammetry. These results deepen our understanding of the relationship between optical and electronic properties in plasmonic nanoparticles and provide insight toward their potential applications in directed electrocatalysis.
Enhanced organic solar cell performance: Multiple surface plasmon resonance and incorporation of silver nanodisks into a grating‐structure electrode (2019)

In this study, plasmonic nanostructures were examined to enhance the light harvesting of organic thin-film solar cells (OSCs) by multiple surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomena originating from the grating-coupled configuration with a Blu-ray Disc recordable (BD-R)-imprinted aluminum (Al) grating structure and the incorporation of a series of silver nanodisks (Ag NDs). The devices with such a configuration maximize the light utilization inside OSCs via light absorption, light scattering, and trapping via multiple surface plasmon resonances. Different types and sizes of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), i.e., gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), Ag nanospheres (Ag NSs), and Ag NDs, were used, which were blended separately in a PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer (HTL). The device structure comprised of grating-imprinted-Al/P3HT:PCBM/Ag ND:PEDOT:PSS/ITO. Results obtained from the <em>J–V</em> curves revealed that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of grating-structured Al/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/ITO is 3.16%; this value is ~6% higher than that of a flat substrate. On the other hand, devices with flat Al and incorporated Au NPs, Ag NSs, or Ag NDs in the HTL exhibited PCEs ranging from 3.15% to 3.37%. Furthermore, OSCs with an Al grating substrate were developed by the incorporation of the Ag ND series into the PEDOT:PSS layer. Compared with that of a reference device, the PCEs of the devices increased to 3.32%–3.59% (11%–20% improvement), indicating that the light absorption enhancement at the active layer corresponds to the grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance and localized surface plasmon resonance excitations with strong near-field distributions penetrating into the active layer leading to higher efficiencies and subsequent better current generation.
Arylnaphthalene Lignans through Pd‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cocyclization of Arynes and Diynes: Total Synthesis of Taiwanins C and E (2004)

3 in 1: A novel method for the synthesis of the arylnaphthalene skeleton by the Pd0-catalyzed [2+2+2] cocyclization of diynes and arynes involves three CC bond-forming reactions in a single step (see scheme; R=CON(OCH3)CH3, dba=dibenzylideneacetone). This cocyclization was the key step in the total synthesis of the arylnaphthalene lignans taiwanins C and E.
The Autosar XML Schema and Its Relevance for Autosar Tools (2009)

The Autosar standard represents an emerging approach to unifying virtually all aspects of the development workflow of automotive embedded software. The standard features an XML schema used as a basis for interchanging documents containing Autosar model content. Although the schema is primarily for document exchange, it could also be the basis for creating a metamodel. However, a tool metamodel should probably be designed differently.
A New Model to Calculate Three-Phase Relative Permeabilities: Application and Validation for a Sandstone (1998)

Three-phase flow in a porous medium is usually described by the Stone model (1970). This model is based on two-phase data and relies on empirical correlations. It is valid only under strong water wettability and recognized as being a poor predictor. The goal of the present study is to develop a mathematical model for three-phase flow avoiding any empirical correlations. In this paper, only strong water-wet and spreading conditions are considered. However the model could be relatively easily extended to oil-wet or even mixed-wet conditions. The model is based on a physically relevant description of phase distribution and flow mechanisms at the pore scale. The porous medium is described as a set of fractal pores, whose linear fractal dimension and size distributions are derived from a mercury intrusion capillary pressure curve. The fluids are allowed to flow together in the same fractal pore, gas in the center, water near the walls and oil in an intermediate phase. The relative permeabilities are evaluated by calculating the flow of each fluid applying Poiseuille's law. The model results are compared to relative permeabilities obtained by history matching of gas injection experiments. The same experiments are also simulated using Stone's model and laboratory measured two-phase data.
Replay bursts coincide with activation of the default mode and parietal alpha network (2020)

Abstract Our brains at rest spontaneously replay recently acquired information, but how this process is orchestrated to avoid interference with ongoing cognition is an open question. We investigated whether replay coincided with spontaneous patterns of whole brain activity. We found, in two separate datasets, that replay sequences were packaged into transient bursts occurring selectively during activation of the default mode network (DMN) and parietal alpha network. These networks were characterized by widespread synchronized oscillations coupled to increases in ripple band power, mechanisms that coordinate information flow between disparate cortical areas. Our data show a tight correspondence between two widely studied phenomena of neural physiology and suggest the DMN may coordinate replay bursts in a manner that minimizes interference with ongoing cognition.
Effect of risedronate on biochemical marker of bone resorption in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia (2008)

The study shows that osteoporotic and osteopenic women on risedronate treatment have statistically significant suppressed bone turnover and CTx can be useful to confirm this observation. The low withdrawal rate and adverse effects rate show that risedronate was well tolerated by the study population.
piggyBac Transposon-mediated Long-term Gene Expression in Mice (2010)

Transposons are promising systems for somatic gene integration because they can not only integrate exogenous genes efficiently, but also be delivered to a variety of organs using a range of transfection methods. piggyBac (PB) transposon has a high transposability in mammalian cells in vitro, and has been used for genetic and preclinical studies. However, the transposability of PB in mammalian somatic cells in vivo has not been demonstrated yet. Here, we demonstrated PB-mediated sustained gene expression in adult mice. We constructed PB-based plasmid DNA (pDNA) containing reporter [firefly and Gaussia luciferase (Gluc)] genes. Mice were transfected by injection of these pDNAs using a hydrodynamics-based procedure, and the conditions for high-level sustained gene expression were examined. Consequently, gene expressions were sustained over 2 months. Our results suggest that PB is useful for organ-selective somatic integration and sustained gene expression in mammals, and will contribute to basic genetic studies and gene therapies.
A Network Coding Approach to Secret Key Distribution (2008)

We consider the problem of secret key distribution in a sensor network with multiple scattered sensor nodes and a mobile device that can be used to bootstrap the network. Our main contribution is a set of secure protocols that rely on simple network coding operations to provide a robust and low-complexity solution for sharing secret keys among sensor nodes, including pairwise keys, cluster keys, key revocation, and mobile node authentication. Despite its role as a key enabler for this approach, the mobile node only has access to an encrypted version of the keys, providing information-theoretic security with respect to attacks focused on the mobile node. Our results include performance evaluation in terms of security metrics and a detailed analysis of resource utilization. The basic scheme was implemented and tested in a real-life sensor network testbed. We deem this class of network coding protocols to be particularly well suited for highly constrained dynamic systems such as wireless sensor networks.
NF-κB–responsive miRNA-31-5p elicits endothelial dysfunction associated with preeclampsia via down-regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (2018)

Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), were elevated in patients with cardiovascular diseases and are also considered as crucial factors in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia; however, the underlying pathogenic mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. This study provides novel evidence that TNFα leads to endothelial dysfunction associated with hypertension and vascular remodeling in preeclampsia through down-regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) by NF-κB-dependent biogenesis of microRNA (miR)-31-5p, which targets eNOS mRNA. In this study, we found that miR-31-5p was up-regulated in sera from patients with preeclampsia and in human endothelial cells treated with TNFα. TNFα-mediated induction of miR-31-5p was blocked by an NF-κB inhibitor and NF-κB p65 knockdown but not by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors, indicating that NF-κB is essential for biogenesis of miR-31-5p. The treatment of human endothelial cells with TNFα or miR-31-5p mimics decreased endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA stability without affecting <i>eNOS</i> promoter activity, resulting in inhibition of eNOS expression and NO/cGMP production through blocking of the functional activity of the eNOS mRNA 3'-UTR. Moreover, TNFα and miR-31-5p mimic evoked endothelial dysfunction associated with defects in angiogenesis, trophoblastic invasion, and vasorelaxation in an <i>ex vivo</i> cultured model of human placental arterial vessels, which are typical features of preeclampsia. These results suggest that NF-κB-responsive miR-31-5p elicits endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and vascular remodeling via post-transcriptional down-regulation of eNOS and is a molecular risk factor in the pathogenesis and development of preeclampsia.
Current Developments in Michael Addition Based Multicomponent Domino Reactions Involving 1,3‐Dicarbonyls and Derivatives. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intake valve and combustion chamber deposits formation – the engine and fuel related factors that impacts their growth (2014)

Deposit forming tendency on the internal surfaces of spark ignition engines parts including IVD (Intake Valve Deposits) and CCD (Combustion Chamber Deposits) is one relevant parameter which causes driveability problems, affects engine durability and is of increasing concern in the automobile industry. The paper summarizes knowledge concerning the impact of engine operating conditions and fuel composition on the formation of IVD and CCD. On the basis of literature reviews and one’s own research results, some interesting issues involved in the engine deposit accumulation and factors that influence their growth has been discussed. Until now at the Oil and Gas Institute (INiG) about 380 engine tests in compliance with CEC F-05-93 procedure, and about 220 in accordance with CEC F-20-98 procedure have been performed. This paper also covers description of the effects of deposits build-up on engine performance and its operational properties.
An Advanced Apralog with Increased in vitro and in vivo Activity toward Gram‐negative Pathogens and Reduced ex vivo Cochleotoxicity (2020)

We describe the convergent synthesis of a 5-O-β-D-ribofuranosyl-based apramycin derivative (apralog) that displays significantly improved antibacterial activity over the parent apramycin against wild-type ESKAPE pathogens. In addition, the new apralog retains excellent antibacterial activity in the presence of the only aminoglycoside modifying enzyme (AAC(3)-IV) acting on the parent, without incurring susceptibility to the APH(3') mechanism that disables other 5-O-β-D-ribofuranosyl 2-deoxystreptamine type aminoglycosides by phosphorylation at the ribose 5-position. Consistent with this antibacterial activity, the new apralog has excellent 30 nM activity (IC<sub>50</sub> ) for the inhibition of protein synthesis by the bacterial ribosome in a cell-free translation assay, while retaining the excellent across-the-board selectivity of the parent for inhibition of bacterial over eukaryotic ribosomes. Overall, these characteristics translate into excellent in vivo efficacy against E. coli in a mouse thigh infection model and reduced ototoxicity vis à vis the parent in mouse cochlear explants.
THE HEALING OF SEMILUNAR CARTILAGES (1936)

In seven knee joints of dogs, the internal semilunar cartilages were freed, to a varying extent, from their attachments to the synovial membrane and capsule peripherally. Within a few days, the dogs walked and ran about in a normal way; no locking of the joints was produced. After a period of time (two weeks to three and a half months), the animals were sacrificed and the joints were examined. In each case, the cartilage was firmly healed in normal anatomical position.

In thirteen joints, the semilunar cartilages were incised longitudinally. In each case the incision did not communicate with the synovial membrane and varied in its position in the cartilage. With one exception (Dog 14), the two fragments of the semilunar cartilages remained closely apposed although no postoperative fixation was used. In spite of this close apposition, there was not the slightest evidence of healing between the fragments during the period of observation (three weeks to two months).

In seven joints, the longitudinal incision was carried through the convex edge of the meniscus to the synovial membrane. In each case, the peripheral end of the incision healed by connective tissue arising from the synovial membrane and capsule. In one instance (Dog 3), the entire incision was filled with scar tissue.

When the semilunar cartilage was divided transversely (in six joints), the two fragments were separated a short distance. The free space thus produced was obliterated by an ingrowth of connective tissue from the synovial membrane, linking the two fragments firmly together. This connective tissue, which grossly resembled fibrocartilage, contained no cartilage cells.

Our experiments indicate that:

1. Tears which are limited to the semilunar cartilage probably never heal.

2. A torn meniscus can be healed by connective tissue if the tear communicates with the synovial membrane laterally.

3. A complete transverse or oblique tear results in some separation of the fragments, but the intervening space fills in with connective tissue arising from the synovial membrane. This connective tissue is quite firm in three weeks, which suggests the length of time necessary for complete fixation in these cases.

4. If the meniscus is partially torn from its peripheral attachment, it heals in normal anatomical position without difficulty.
On the Mechanism of Plasmin-induced Aggregation of Human Platelets: Implication of Secreted von Willebrand Factor (1998)

Plasmin triggers a strong metabolic activation in human platelets, leading to shape change and granule exocytosis. However, its capacity to induce cell aggregation remains discussed and, when observed, this aggregation is preceded by a remarkable lag phase. We have thus investigated the effect of plasmin on the adhesive proteins which can be secreted by isolated platelets and mediate cell-to-cell interactions, but are also substrates for the enzyme. Immunoblot analysis of fibrinogen (Fg), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), fibronectin (Fn) and von Willebrand factor (vWf) was performed on extracts of platelets exposed under stirring to increasing concentrations of plasmin for up to 10 min at 37 degrees C. Under conditions leading to formation of large aggregates, Fg, Fn and TSP-1 are extensively degraded concomitantly with their secretion, and readily lost from the surface of aggregated cells. Part of the monomers in the platelet vWf are cleaved during secretion into two main fragments with Mr approximately 180,000 and approximately 145,000. However, multimer distribution analysis shows only a slight decrease in the very high molecular weight multimers, and most of the fragmented as well as intact vWf remains associated with the platelet surface when aggregation is maximal. That indeed vWf largely supports plasmin-induced aggregation is suggested by the observation that platelets from a patient with type 3 von Willebrand's disease, who totally lacks vWf, show little aggregation in response to the enzyme. Finally, plasmin-induced aggregation can be totally inhibited by antagonists of the alpha(IIb)beta3 integrin. The present study thus indicates a major role for secreted vWf in platelet aggregation induced by plasmin, through its likely interaction with the multifunctional receptor alpha(IIb)beta3.
Novel Radio Environment Map for the ns-3 NR Simulator (2021)

Radio Environmental Map (REM) is a useful tool to visualize the network coverage, including signal quality and interference, in multi-cell scenarios. Although REM maps for omnidirectional transmissions/receptions and tools to visualize the spatial shape of a single directional transmission are available in ns-3, for example in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) and WiGig modules, respectively, REM maps for directional transmissions/receptions in multi-cell scenarios are not available yet, despite the fact that they constitute an extremely useful tool for the beam design phase in complex realistic settings. In this paper, we present a REM map implementation that includes various REM map definitions for multi-cell scenarios with directional transmissions/receptions. This includes Beam Shape REM maps, in which a pre-configured beam at each transmitting device is used, and Coverage Area REM maps, in which a worst-case propagation scenario is considered for each location, assuming the worst-case directional interference towards each point of reception of the REM map. We particularize REM maps for Downlink (DL) and Uplink (UL) communications, as well as for heterogeneous networks and scenarios with blockages originated by the surrounding environment. Finally, we present multiple illustrative images as examples of each of the possible REM maps that can be extracted with the newly developed tool. The work presented in this paper is publicly available in the 5G-LENA module.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Epolactaene (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Real-time RT-PCR analyses of the expression of osteocyte and osteoblast marker genes, <i>Rankl</i>, <i>Opg</i>, and Wnt antagonist genes at 4 months of age. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(A) Expression of &lt;i&gt;Dmp1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Sost&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Phex&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Fgf23&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Mepe&lt;/i&gt; in the osteoblast fractions (OB, n = 6) and osteocyte fractions (OC, n = 9) of wild-type mice. The values of osteoblast fractions were defined as 1, and relative levels are shown. *vs. osteoblast fractions. (B) Expression of &lt;i&gt;Dmp1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Sost&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Phex&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Fgf23&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Mepe&lt;/i&gt; in control groups of wild-type mice (n = 4) and &lt;i&gt;BCL2&lt;/i&gt; transgenic mice (n = 5). The values of wild-type mice were defined as 1, and relative levels are shown. (C) Expression of osteoblast marker genes. Expressions of &lt;i&gt;keratocan&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Kera&lt;/i&gt;), &lt;i&gt;Runx2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Osterix&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Col1a1&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;osteocalcin&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;OCN&lt;/i&gt;) were examined by real-time RT-PCR using osteoblast-enriched samples and osteocyte-enriched samples from 7 wild-type mice at 6 weeks of age. The values of osteocyte fractions were defined as 1, and relative levels are shown. *vs. osteocyte fractions. (D) &lt;i&gt;Rankl&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Opg&lt;/i&gt; expression in osteoblast-enriched samples after unloading. Tail suspension was performed for 3 days using male wild-type mice [control group, 8 mice; unloaded group, 9 mice] and &lt;i&gt;BCL2&lt;/i&gt; transgenic mice [control group, 12 mice; unloaded group, 6 mice] at 4 months of age. (E) Expression of &lt;i&gt;Rankl&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Opg&lt;/i&gt; in the osteoblast fractions (OB) and osteocyte fractions (OC) from 6 and 11 wild-type mice at 4 months of age, respectively. The values of osteoblast fractions were defined as 1, and relative levels are shown. *vs. osteoblast fractions. (F) Expression of &lt;i&gt;Rankl&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Opg&lt;/i&gt; in osteocyte-enriched samples. Tail suspension was performed for 3 days using male wild-type mice [control group, 9 mice; unloaded group, 8 mice] and &lt;i&gt;BCL2&lt;/i&gt; transgenic mice [control group, 12 mice; unloaded group, 11 mice] at 4 months of age. (G) Expression of Wnt antagonist genes in osteocyte-enriched samples after unloading. Tail suspension was performed for 3 days using male wild-type mice and &lt;i&gt;BCL2&lt;/i&gt; transgenic mice at 4 months of age (8 mice in each group). The values of the control group of wild-type mice were defined as 1, and relative levels are shown in D, F, and G. In A–G, data are presented as the mean ± S.D. *vs. control in D, F, and G. *, ♯ P&lt;0.05; **P&lt;0.01; ***P&lt;0.001.&lt;/p&gt;
Design and optimization of the doping profile of double drift low-high-low indium phosphide diodes (1991)

The design and optimization of double drift low-high-low indium phosphide IMPATT diodes have been studied using computer simulation programs for the static and high frequency analyses of the devices. A maximum efficiency of 28% has been obtained with a breakdown voltage of 104.5 V. The device properties have also been studied for various current densities, which involves the effect of mobile space charge in the depletion layer. The admittance characteristics and the spatial distribution of high frequency negative resistivity and reactance in the depletion layer of the optimized low-high-low DDR diode have been studied and compared with those of the flat profile DDR diode. The profiles of negative resistivity in the depletion layers of both low-high-low DDR and flat profile DDR exhibit two peaks in the middle of two drift layers separated by a minimum in the avalanche zone. These profiles provide considerable physical insight regarding the source of microwave power generation in these devices.
Etiology and Clinical Course of Abdominal Pain in Senior Patients: A Prospective, Multicenter Study (2005)

Abdominal pain in older patients should be investigated thoroughly as, in this study, nearly 60% of patients were hospitalized, 20% underwent operative or invasive procedures, 10% had return ED visits, and 5% died within a 2-week follow-up period.