gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pre-, post-, and combined-equalization single-user bounds for MC-CDMA (2004)

Considering multi-carrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) for mobile radio transmission, it is usually assumed that the transmission channel is either known at the MC-CDMA receiver (Rx) or at the MC-CDMA transmitter (Tx). Correspondingly, the inhence of the fading channel is either post-equalized at Rx or pre-equalized at Tx. In this paper, we assume that knowledge of the fading channel is available at both sides, Tx and Rx. Under this assumption we investigate the the MC-CDMA single-user hounds for combined-equalization are derived. It turns out, that application of combined-equalization leads to new single-user hounds, which are signilicantly better than the well-known matched filter (MF) hounds for MC. CDMA. In addition. it is emphasized that the performed analysis and the given bounds are valid for any ortiognnal frequencydivision multiplexiug-code-division multiplexing (OFDM-CDM) based system.
Sulfosuccination of Methyl Ricinoleate and Methyl 12‐Hydroxy Stearate Derived from Renewable Castor Oil and Evaluation of Their Surface Properties (2016)

Abstract Sulfosuccination of castor oil‐derived methyl ricinoleate and methyl 12‐hydroxy stearate have been carried out in the present work. Synthesis involves malenization of secondary alcohol of methyl ricinoleate/methyl 12‐hydroxy stearate followed by sulfonation of maleic monoester to generate double‐headed dianionic surfactant with carboxylate and sulfosuccinate functionalities in the head group region. Various reaction conditions were optimized for maximum production of these two sulfosuccinates. Both compounds were evaluated for surface and detergency properties. The surface tension study indicated that the critical micelle concentration of sulfosuccinated methyl ricinoleate and methyl 12‐hydroxy stearate is 0.26 and 0.11 mM, respectively. The detergency property of these two surfactants indicated that they were excellent in wetting time emulsification and Ca‐tolerance. However, these two surfactants exhibited very poor foam height and foam stability.
FOWLP Design for Digital and RF Circuits (2019)

Fan-out Wafer Level Packaging (FOWLP) is a versatile semiconductor packaging technology which can be used for various RF and Digital applications. In the FOWLP technology, the bare die IC is embedded in a molding compound for protection, and a Redistribution Layer (RDL) is formed to route the electrical input/output (I/O) of the IC to the solder ball pads which are distributed on the surface area of the package. Besides fanning out of the electrical I/O, it can also be used for multi-chip 2.5D integration. In addition, vertical interconnect can be formed in the molding compound. Together with additional RDL on the top of the package, the FOWLP allows the electrical circuit connection on both sides of the package to form a much compact Package-on-Package or 3D integrated circuit. Furthermore, the RDL can be used to form high performance RF passive circuit to realize an RF System in Package module.
Clinical significance of DJ‐1 as a secretory molecule: retrospective study of DJ‐1 expression at mRNA and protein levels in ductal carcinoma of the breast (2012)

Low expression of DJ-1 protein with high expression of its mRNA, which may reflect a secretory expression pattern, is predictive of poor outcome in patients with IDC.
The pits and pearls in translating operational tolerance biomarkers into clinical practice (2012)

Major advances have been made with respect to the understanding of mechanisms and the process of discovery and early validation of peripheral blood biomarkers for operational transplant tolerance both in kidney and liver transplantation. These studies have shed light on the findings that these tolerance mechanisms may be organ specific, as the peripheral blood transcriptional profiling attempts by microarrays and PCR reveal distinct differences and suggest roles for specific cell types. Although these studies are mostly in adults and limited in children, the first tolerance gene signature for pediatric liver transplant tolerance suggests that there are common mechanisms, yet distinct peripheral biomarkers across age. Prospective trials and organ integrative studies are now needed to further develop these biomarkers for future clinical application in addition to expanding novel approaches such as the investigation of miRNAs to better understand the tolerance mechanisms.
The radioprotective properties of fungal melanin are a function of its chemical composition, stable radical presence and spatial arrangement (2008)

Melanized microorganisms are often found in environments with very high background radiation levels such as in nuclear reactor cooling pools and the destroyed reactor in Chernobyl. These findings and the laboratory observations of the resistance of melanized fungi to ionizing radiation suggest a role for this pigment in radioprotection. We hypothesized that the radioprotective properties of melanin in microorganisms result from a combination of physical shielding and quenching of cytotoxic free radicals. We have investigated the radioprotective properties of melanin by subjecting the human pathogenic fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum in their melanized and non-melanized forms to sublethal and lethal doses of radiation of up to 8 kGy. The contribution of chemical composition, free radical presence, spatial arrangement, and Compton scattering to the radioprotective properties of melanin was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography, electron spin resonance, transmission electron microscopy, and autoradiographic techniques. Melanin protected fungi against ionizing radiation and its radioprotective properties were a function of its chemical composition, free radical quenching, and spherical spatial arrangement.
Electron microscopy of xanthan: Topology and strandedness of the ordered and disordered conformation (1988)

The ion and particularly the proton and sodium ion permeabilities of cytoplasmic membranes play crucial roles in the bioenergetics of microorganisms. The proton and sodium permeabilities of membranes increase with temperature. Psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria and mesophilic, (hyper)thermophilic, and halophilic archaea are capable of adjusting the lipid composition of their membranes in such a way that the proton permeability at the respective growth temperature remains constant (homeoproton permeability). Thermophilic bacteria are an exception. They rely on the less permeable sodium ions to generate a sodium motive force, which is subsequently used to drive energy-requiring membrane-bound processes. Transport of solutes across bacterial and archaeal membranes is mainly catalyzed by primary ATP-driven transport systems or by proton- or sodium-motive-force-driven secondary transport systems. Unlike most bacteria, hyperthermophilic bacteria and archaea prefer primary uptake systems. Several high-affinity ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters for sugars from hyperthermophiles have been identified and characterized. The activities of these ABC transporters allow these organisms to thrive in their nutrient-poor environments.
Structure-guided Development of Specific Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Inhibitors Targeting the ATP-binding Pocket (2013)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoforms (PDKs 1-4) negatively regulate activity of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by reversible phosphorylation. PDK isoforms are up-regulated in obesity, diabetes, heart failure, and cancer and are potential therapeutic targets for these important human diseases. Here, we employed a structure-guided design to convert a known Hsp90 inhibitor to a series of highly specific PDK inhibitors, based on structural conservation in the ATP-binding pocket. The key step involved the substitution of a carbonyl group in the parent compound with a sulfonyl in the PDK inhibitors. The final compound of this series, 2-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl]isoindoline-4,6-diol, designated PS10, inhibits all four PDK isoforms with IC50 = 0.8 μM for PDK2. The administration of PS10 (70 mg/kg) to diet-induced obese mice significantly augments pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity with reduced phosphorylation in different tissues. Prolonged PS10 treatments result in improved glucose tolerance and notably lessened hepatic steatosis in the mouse model. The results support the pharmacological approach of targeting PDK to control both glucose and fat levels in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
A Computational Approach to Aerothermal Analysis of Complex Internal Turbine Cooling Geometries (2022)

Abstract Gas turbine inlet temperatures continue to rise with increasing cycle thermal efficiency and specific power output. This has led to turbine inlet temperature far exceeding metal capabilities. The result of this is the need for more advanced cooling systems with increasingly complex manufactured internal features that provide higher convective efficiency more akin to transpiration cooling systems. This paper begins by assessing a previously developed decoupled method for analysing double-wall cooling systems and identifies potential improvements. A modified method is proposed, termed a “semi-decoupled method”, whereby mainstream flow is not simulated. Instead, the mainstream flow properties are projected onto the external surface of the blade enabling the simulation to focus on the complex internal cooling features, thereby drastically reducing computational resource requirements. The cooling films formed by the effusion holes are calculated based on the outlet conditions from each hole and mapped by a correlation adapted from the literature and superimposed onto the external surface, mid-simulation. The film correlation is adapted to accurately capture experimentally observed trends by accounting for lateral spread as the films move downstream. The new method is used to assess how the geometric parameters of the double-wall system impact the cooling effectiveness of a turbine blade geometry.
A Modular BLE-Based Body Area Network Embedded into a Smart Garment for Rescuers Real-Time Monitoring in Emergency Scenarios (2023)

In this work, we present a prototype of a smart technical underwear for first responders involved in searchand-rescue operations, to be worn under the rescuer’s professional uniform. Polymer-based electrodes able to detect ECG and EMG signals, and organic transistor for joint angles estimation are embedded into the smart garment. The technical underwear implements a body sensor network of BLE nodes able to acquire, process in real-time and transmit electrophysiological and biomechanical data from the sensors to a custom Android app on the rescuer’s smartphone. The app geolocates the data by using the information of the GPS integrated into the smartphone and sends them to the control center for remote monitoring. The system features high modularity, as the rescuer can adopt a subset of sensors depending on the specific operative context, without&#13;\nany app configuration.
Environmental Solid-State Cultivation Processes and Bioreactors (2010)

Solid-state cultivation involves the growth of microorganisms in beds of moist solid particles that have a minimum of free water between the particles. The chapter describes environmentally-related solid-state cultivation processes. For example, some processes use substrates that are residues of agriculture, forestry, or food-processing, thereby reducing the environmental impact of the residue. Other processes do not use residues, but produce products that have environmental applications. Still other processes use environmental-friendly biotransformations that have the potential to replace current industrial processes. Finally, some solid-state cultivation processes can be used to remove pollutants from soil or waste streams. Typically, environmental applications of solid-state cultivation involve large-scale processing of organic solids. The current chapter addresses the design and operation of bioreactors for these processes. It shows how the various bioreactor types can be classified according to the aeration strategy, namely whether the bed of solids is forcefully aerated or not, and according to the agitation strategy, namely the frequency of mixing of the bed of solids. It discusses the current state-of-the-art in optimizing the design and operation of the various bioreactor types, showing how mathematical models that combine microbial growth kinetics and heat and mass transfer phenomena are the most powerful tools that we have available for this task. The chapter concludes by highlighting the necessity to convert current mathematical models into user-friendly computer programs that can guide design and operation decisions for large-scale solid-state cultivation bioreactors.
Antibody-based molecular communication for targeted drug delivery systems (2014)

Antibody-based drug delivery systems (ADDS) are established as the most promising therapeutic methods for the treatment of human cancers and other diseases. ADDS are composed of small molecules (antibodies) that selectively bind to receptors (antigens) expressed by the diseased cells. In this paper, the Molecular Communication (MC) paradigm, where the delivery of molecules is abstracted as the delivery of information, is extended to be applied to the design and engineering of ADDS. The authors have previously developed a straightforward framework for the modeling of Particulate Drug Delivery Systems (PDDS) using nano-sized molecules. Here, the specificities of antibody molecules are taken into account to provide an analytical model of ADDS transport. The inputs of the MC model of PDDS are the geometric properties of the antibodies and the topology of the blood vessels where they are propagated. Numerical results show that the analytical MC model is in good agreement with finite-element simulations, and that the anisotropy is an important factor influencing ADDS.
(2007) Numerical modelling of formation and propagation of drying cracks in soils (2007)

In this paper, a general framework is presented using a finite element model (FEM) combining Continuum Mechanics, Fracture Mechanics and Unsaturated Soil Mechanics, together with re-meshing techniques, to simulate and solve problems due to drying is soils in a consistent manner.
Über die „Isomerie” der Dioxalatoplatinate 1. Die Salze (1966)

Abstract Für die gelbe Form des Kalium‐dioxalatoplatinats wird die Zusammensetzung K 2 [Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ]·2H 2 O mit durchweg zweiwertigem Pt, für die violette die Zusammensetzung K 1.6 [Pt(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ]·2H 2 O mit Pt der mittleren Oxydationszahl +2.4 gefunden. Die gegenseitige Umwandelbarkeit der Salze wird mit Disproportionierungs‐, Dissoziations‐ und Polymerisationsgleich‐gewichten erklärt.
Lung collagen in type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: ultrastructural and biochemical studies. (1980)

A patient with type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome developed recurrent pneumothoraces. At operation for poudrage of the pleura, an apical bulla was resected. Biochemical analysis of the lung tissue revealed increased solubilization of collagen by acetic acid extraction and by pepsin proteolysis. The relative proportion of type III collagen in the pepsin-solubilized collagen fraction was markedly decreased. Fibroblasts cultured from the patient's lung produced less type III procollagen relative to type I procollagen than control lung fibroblasts. Electron microscopic examination of the lung tissue showed dilated endoplasmic reticulum of the fibroblasts, and collagen fibers were normal. These observations suggested that the structural abnormalities in the lung that led to pneumothorax in this patient were due to deficiency of type III collagen.
Novel Series of Peripherally Phthalocyanines (Zn, Pd and Cu): Spectroscopic Studies (2022)

Abstract: A new series of metallophthalocyanines (MPc) containing metals such as : Zn (II), Cu (II) and, Pd (II) were designed, synthesized, and characterized, using MS, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. A Suzuki cross-coupling reaction was investigated by using the Pd(dppf)Cl2 as a catalyst and cesium carbonate as a base to improve the yield of the precursor 2.6-di(pyridin-3-yl)- phenyl benzyl ether. The changes of metals, substituents, and positions increases the Q-band value from the monosubstituted to the octa-substituted macrocycles, and from Pd, to Cu to Zn complexes. All MPc showed quite similar IR spectra.
Early detection of incipient faults in power plants using accelerated neural network learning (1992)

An important aspect of power plant automation is the development of computer systems able to detect and isolate incipient (slowly developing) faults at the earliest possible stages of their occurrence. In this paper, the development and testing of such a fault detection scheme is presented based on recognition of sensor signatures during various failure modes. An accelerated learning algorithm, namely adaptive backpropagation (ABP), has been developed that allows the training of a multilayer perceptron (MLP) network to a high degree of accuracy, with an order of magnitude improvement in convergence speed. An artificial neural network (ANN) has been successfully trained using the ABP algorithm, and it has been extensively tested with simulated data to detect and classify incipient faults of various types and severity and in the presence of varying sensor noise levels.
One‐Dimensional Electro‐Optical Simulations of Thin‐Film Solar Cells (2016)

This chapter discusses the simulation of thin-film solar cells, that is, the application of detailed mathematical models to describe the physics relevant to the operation of thin-film solar cells. These models should describe both the optical and the electronic processes in the device. The chapter describes the fundamentals of device simulation and describes the simulation of various thin-film materials used in solar cells, including a-Si:H, µc-Si:H, Cu(In,Ga)Se2, and CdTe. The optical generation rate in a solar cell is also an important input parameter for electrical modeling. The chapter presents several tools for the simulation of thin-film solar cells. It deals with commonly used optical models and discusses the various popular tools used for the simulation of thin-film devices. The models for recombination of charge carriers include band-to-band and Auger recombination as well as recombination via tail states and Gaussian dangling-bond distributions.
A phase II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with bevacizumab plus mFOLFOX6 for resectable synchronous liver metastasis (SLM) from colorectal cancer: The first report of the Miyagi Hepato-Biliary Pancreatic Clinical Oncology Group. (2012)

593 Background: The prognosis of synchronous liver metastases (SLM) from colorectal cancer is poor. Therefore, we conducted a phase II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for SLM to determine the appropriate initial treatment. Here, we assessed the effectiveness of bevacizumab combined with mFOLFOX6. Methods: Patients with SLM within 10 nodules were enrolled after R0-resection of the primary colorectal cancer, and received 8 courses of mFOLFOX6 with bevacizumab (the first and last courses were mFOLFOX6 only). The primary endpoint was response rate (RR). Results: Between June 2008, and November 2008, 47 patients (pts) were enrolled from 17 centers. The median age was 62 years (range 32-72 yrs). The median number of metastases was 2 nodules. Three pts were excluded from evaluation of RR because they did not receive any scheduled chemotherapy. The RR was 70.5% (2 complete responses and 29 partial responses). 11 pts (25%) showed stable disease and 2 pts (4.5%) had progressive disease. The liver resections rate was 90.9% (40 pts) and the R0-resection rate was 86.3%(38 pts). Adverse events in order of prevalence were sensory neuropathy, neutropenia, hypertension, leucopenia and so on. Grade 3 and 4 AEs occurred in 21 pts with the most common being Neutropenia. There were 3 Grade 4 AEs: renal failure and 2 pts of neutropenia. Grade 3 or 4 AEs are summarized below. There were no grade 5 AEs. Of note, liver resections were safely performed in the three pts with Grade 4 AEs. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with bevacizumab plus mFOLFOX6 for liver metastases is effective and well tolerated. The benefit of this therapy as the initial treatment of SLMneeds to be evaluated further by comparison with adjuvant therapy. (This trial is on University hospital Medical Information Network-Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR). UMIN's unique trial number is UMIN000001568.) [Table: see text]
A Machine Learning Approach to Detection of Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Power Grids (2019)

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in power grids are mainly caused by geomagnetic disturbances especially during solar storms. Such currents can potentially cause negative impacts on power grid equipment and even damage the power transformers resulting in a significant risk of blackouts. Therefore, monitoring GICs in power systems and developing solutions to mitigate their impacts before rising to a certain threatening level is urgently in need. Monitoring GICs is, however, quite a challenge and costly, as they usually appear in forms of dc components in the high voltage transmission lines, which are barely accessible through transformers. By examining the measured currents from the current transformers, this article proposes a framework to detect GICs in power transmission systems through a hybrid time-frequency analysis combined with machine learning technology. Simulated results verify that the proposed approach can promisingly estimate GICs in power systems during a variety of grid operating conditions.
A Case of Hemosuccus Pancreaticus due to Chronic Pancreatitis Diagnosed by Color Doppler Echography. (1993)

超音波カラードップラーが診断に有用であっだ慢性膵炎によるhemosuccus pancreaticus (HP) の1例を経験したので報告する.症例は46歳の男性で, 主訴は左季肋部痛, 下血で, アルコール性慢性膵炎の既往があった.出血性ショック状態で, 近医に緊急入院するも, 出血源不明で, 当科に紹介入院となった. 腹部超音波にて, 膵の石灰化, 膵管の拡張と, 尾部に26×28mmのcystic lesionを認め, カラードップラーでは, 同部の異常血流と乱流を認めたため, 動脈瘤と診断した.選択的脾動脈造影にて, 脾動脈瘤を確認し, 脾偽性動脈瘤の膵管内穿破を疑い, 膵体尾部, 脾合併切除術を施行した.組織所見は, 血栓の充満した仮性嚢胞で, 主膵管の高度な拡張と, その内部に大量の血栓を認めたことより, 膵仮性嚢胞が偽性動脈瘤となり, 膵管内へ穿破したことによるHPと診断した.
Loss of elastic fiber integrity compromises common carotid artery function: Implications for vascular aging (2016)

Competent elastic fibers endow central arteries with the compliance and resilience that are fundamental to their primary mechanical function in vertebrates. That is, by enabling elastic energy to be stored in the arterial wall during systole and then to be used to work on the blood during diastole, elastic fibers decrease ventricular workload and augment blood flow in pulsatile systems. Indeed, because elastic fibers are formed during development and stretched during somatic growth, their continual tendency to recoil contributes to the undulation of the stiffer collagen fibers, which facilitates further the overall compliance of the wall under physiologic pressures while allowing the collagen to limit over-distension during acute increases in blood pressure. In this paper, we use consistent methods of measurement and quantification to compare the biaxial material stiffness, structural stiffness, and energy storage capacity of murine common carotid arteries having graded degrees of elastic fiber integrity - normal, elastin-deficient, fibrillin-1 deficient, fibulin-5 null, and elastase-treated. The finding that the intrinsic material stiffness tends to be maintained nearly constant suggests that intramural cells seek to maintain a favorable micromechanical environment in which to function. Nevertheless, a loss of elastic energy storage capability due to the loss of elastic fiber integrity severely compromises the primary function of these central arteries.