gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictive spatial risk model of polio virus to aid prioritization and hasten eradication in endemic countries (2014)

Background: Polio eradication was declared a “programmatic emergency for global public health” by the world health assembly in 2012. Efficient prioritization of high risk areas would greatly improve the impact of the substantial resources of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Currently, one method for polio risk assessment has been described in the litterature, however this method has not been historically validated and fails to address uncertainty. Methods & Materials: Data, including vaccination history, collected from individuals through Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillence in Nigeria and Pakistan, used to calculate district level immunity and relevant covariates. We constructed heirachical temporal bayesian models to reduce measurement error in data and spatially smoothed Poisson hurdle models to assess predictors of wild polio virus (WPV) tranmission. Best fitting models used to forecast future district infection, predictive accuracy assessed with reciever operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Measurement error models greatly reduce changes in indicators from one time period to another. Calculated population immunity is a strongly associated with the presence of WPV and number of WPV cases within a district in Nigeria. In Pakistan, routine immunization dose history (not available through Nigerian AFP data) and zero-dose fraction are strongly associated with both aspects of WPV tranmission. A district risk list ordered according to model outputs demonstrates high forecast accuracy historically, with mean area under the ROC curve greater than 0.80 over the past three years. Model uncertainty propogated through to rank uncertainty, and the probability of a district belonging in the highest risk N district list can be calcuated. Conclusion: The measurement error smoothing model is a useful tool for estimation of important variables at small adminsitrative areas. With the Poisson hurdle model, we can study differential relatitionships between predictors and two aspects of WPV tranmsission. Historically forecast accuracy confirms the usefulness of this modeling approach in a disease control and elimination application. The quantification of uncertainty is essential to inform objectives descisions regarding changes in prioritization status of a district from one time period to another. These models can be naturally extended to other vaccine-preventable diseases, such as measles. In Nigeria, these models have been incorporated into national program planning.
Progress in spatial robot juggling (2003)

The authors review their progress to date in eliciting dynamically dexterous behaviors from a 3-d.o.f. direct drive robot manipulator whose real-time stereo cameras provide 60 Hz sampled images of multiple freely falling bodies in highly structured lighting conditions. At present, the robot is capable of forcing a single ping-pong ball into a specified steady-state (near) periodic vertical motion by repeated controlled impacts with a rigid paddle. The robot sustains the steady-state behavior over long periods (typically many thousands of impacts) and is capable of recovering from significant unexpected adversarial perturbations of the ball's flight phase. Gain tuning experiments corroborate the authors' contention that the stability mechanism underlying the robot's reliability can be attributed to the same nonlinear dynamics responsible for analogous behavior in a previous 1-d.o.f. robot.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Determination of Ga(GaCl4) and α‐Ga(GaBr4) Crystallized from Halobenzene Solvents (1987)

Abstract (PhCl and PhBr, resp.).
Preliminary Usability Testing with Eye Tracking and FCAT Analysis on Occupational Safety and Health Websites (2013)

Many factors contribute to the design of a successful Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) website. In this study we assessed three OSH websites namely DOSH, NIOSH, and OSHA using eye tracking system and both subjective and moderator ratings. Eighteen subjects were asked to perform same tasks across the websites and the results reveal that overall usability score for DOSH, NIOSH and OSHA are 75%, 77% and 64% respectively. Eye tracking data together with user feedback has help reveal the cognitive process. Therefore, we can establish how the website display may or may not facilitate task completion by analyzing eye movement.
Frequency-Shift Filtering for OFDM Signal Recovery in Narrowband Power Line Communications (2014)

Power line communications (PLC) has been drawing considerable interest in recent years due to the growing interest in smart grid implementation. Specifically, network control and grid applications are allocated the frequency band of 0-500 kHz, commonly referred to as the narrowband PLC channel. This frequency band is characterized by strong periodic noise which results in low signal to noise ratio (SNR). In this work we propose a receiver which uses frequency shift filtering to exploit the cyclostationary properties of both the narrowband power line noise, as well as the information signal, digitally modulated using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. An adaptive implementation for the proposed receiver is presented as well. The proposed receiver is compared to existing receivers via analysis and simulation. The results show that the receiver proposed in this work obtains a substantial performance gain over previously proposed receivers, without requiring any coordination with the transmitter.
Expression of cGMP-Specific Phosphodiesterase 9A mRNA in the Rat Brain (2001)

cGMP has been implicated in the regulation of many essential functions in the brain, such as synaptic plasticity, phototransduction, olfaction, and behavioral state. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) hydrolysis of cGMP is the major mechanism underlying the clearance of cGMP and is likely to be important in any process that depends on intracellular cGMP. PDE9A has the highest affinity for cGMP of any PDE, and here we studied the localization of this enzyme in the rat brain using in situ hybridization. PDE9A mRNA is widely distributed throughout the brain with varying regional expression. The pattern of PDE9A mRNA expression closely resembles that of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) in the rat brain, suggesting a possible functional association or coupling of these two enzymes in the regulation of cGMP levels. Most of the brain areas expressing PDE9A mRNA also contain neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzymatic source of NO and the principal activator of sGC. PDE9A is the only cGMP-specific PDE with significant expression in the forebrain, and as such is likely to play an important role in NO-cGMP signaling.
Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Wearable Button Array With Miniaturized Radiator (2019)

A dual-band dual-polarized wearable array is proposed, based on a miniaturized innovating button radiator topology. The diameter of the rigid button is only 19.5 mm (0.29 λ at 4.5 GHz), which optimizes the users' comfort, and makes it the smallest up to date in literature. The operational bands are 4.50-4.61 GHz and 5.04-5.50 GHz. The antenna thus covers the 4.5-4.6 unlicensed future 5th generation (5G) communication band for the internet of things (IoT), and the 5.1-5.5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) band, respectively. Two orthogonal linear polarizations are obtained in each band. A low mutual coupling between the button antenna elements (below -18 dB) and between the two ports within each element (below -20 dB) is achieved, guaranteeing a good diversity performance. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and the specific absorption rate (SAR) performance are also analyzed. In order to demonstrate the robustness of the button antenna and to mimic realistic situations, a more complicated asymmetrical ground plane model of the button antenna is studied for the first time. A prototype of a two-element button array has been fabricated. The measurement results match well with the simulations. A 10-element button array is studied within the context of a 3-D channel model, taking into account the button element's radiation pattern. A high achievable spectral efficiency (SE) is obtained.
Increasing M2(dobdc) Loading in Selective Mixed-Matrix Membranes: A Rubber Toughening Approach (2018)

Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) were formed by incorporating M2(dobdc) (M = Mg, Ni; dobdc4– = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles in a series of poly(ether-imide) copolymers. Addition of the MOF nanoparticles improved the permeability of H2, N2, CH4, and CO2 relative to the pure copolymer by increasing gas solubility and, in most cases, diffusivity. More limited improvements in diffusivity were observed for the more strongly adsorbing gases. Because of such transport considerations, improvements in permeability and selectivity were most pronounced for H2/CH4 and H2/N2 separations. Incorporation of a greater ether content within the copolymers led to the formation of defect-free MMMs by physically sealing polymer–MOF interfacial defects, allowing higher MOF loadings to be achieved. For Mg2(dobdc), selective, defect-free films could be formed with loadings of up to 51 wt %. However, at these high loadings, films became weak and brittle. The mechanical properties of the composite materials were therefore quantified by tensile tests and compared to those of the neat polymers used commercially for membrane film formation. High contents of flexible ether units and small MOF nanoparticle sizes were found to be necessary to form strong and ductile MMMs, although clear trade-offs exist between transport performance, MOF loading, and mechanical properties. These trade-offs are critically examined to evaluate the current limitations and potential benefits to forming M2(dobdc) MMMs using this rubber toughening approach.
Apoptosis in UV-exposed Rabbit Corneas (2000)

Apoptosis appears to be a mechanism of corneal cell death after UVR. The 310-nm UVR caused more extensive damage to the corneal stroma and endothelium than did the 280-nm UVR.
A Differential Capacitive Three-Axis SOI Accelerometer using Vertical Comb Electrodes (2007)

This paper reports a differentially detecting capacitive three-axis SOI accelerometer using novel vertical comb electrodes. The accelerometer structure was fabricated by surface-micromachining technique and consists of only the device layer of a SOI wafer without lower or upper electrodes. The bottom faces of both movable and fixed electrodes are in the same plane at their initial positions but those heights are different. It is also an important feature that the device applies fully differential detections in all three-axis by using only two pairs of four type capacitors. As an initial result, the capacitance changes against three-axis acceleration were observed. The capacitance sensitivities to X and Z-axis acceleration against Y-axis rotation were 1.04 fF/G and 1.14 fF/G, respectively.
Autophagy Is Enhanced and Floral Development Is Impaired in AtHVA22d RNA Interference Arabidopsis (C)(W)(OA) (2009)

Autophagy is an intracellular process in which a portion of cytoplasm is transported into vacuoles for recycling. Physiological roles of autophagy in plants include recycling nutrients during senescence, sustaining life during starvation, and the formation of central digestive vacuoles. The regulation of autophagy and the formation of autophagosomes, spherical double membrane structures containing cytoplasm moving toward vacuoles, are poorly understood. HVA22 is a gene originally cloned from barley (Hordeum vulgare), which is highly induced by abscisic acid and environmental stress. Homologs of HVA22 include Yop1 in yeast, TB2/DP1 in human, and AtHVA22a to -e in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Reverse genetics followed by a cell biology approach were employed to study the function of HVA22 homologs. The AtHVA22d RNA interference (RNAi) Arabidopsis plants produced small siliques with reduced seed yield. This phenotype cosegregated with the RNAi transgene. Causes of the reduced seed yield include short filaments, defective carpels, and dysfunctional pollen grains. Enhanced autophagy was observed in the filament cells. The number of autophagosomes in root tips of RNAi plants was also increased dramatically. The yop1 deletion mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to verify our hypothesis that HVA22 homologs are suppressors of autophagy. Autophagy activity of this mutant during nitrogen starvation increased in 5 min and reached a plateau after 2 h, with about 80% of cells showing autophagy, while the wild-type cells exhibited low levels of autophagy following 8 h of nitrogen starvation. We conclude that HVA22 homologs function as suppressors of autophagy in both plants and yeast. Potential mechanisms of this suppression and the roles of abscisic acid-induced HVA22 expression in vegetative and reproductive tissues are discussed.
Dual-Purpose No-Voltage Winding Design for the Bearingless AC Homopolar and Consequent Pole Motors (2015)

A winding design approach is proposed for the bearingless ac homopolar and consequent pole motors that utilizes the same coils for both suspension force and torque production. This enables a “pure” bearingless motor design, where the same iron and copper are used for both magnetic bearing operation and torque production, and can result in more optimal machine performance. Separate terminal connections are provided for suspension and torque operation; the suspension terminals experience no motional-emf when the rotor is centered, thereby reducing the required voltage rating of the bearingless drive compared to other “dual purpose” winding designs. It is shown that only certain combinations of stator slots, phases, and poles yield suitable winding designs; most notably, the number of motor pole-pairs must be co-prime with the number of phases. A design procedure is proposed which allows the designer to simply modify end-connections of many conventional armature windings, including both integral- and fractional-slot windings; an example winding design is presented and analyzed using 3-D finite element analysis (FEA); and a hardware prototype has been constructed with experimental results included to validate the proposed design approach.
Room Temperature Stable Underfill with Novel Latent Catalyst for Wafer Level Flip-Chip Packaging Applications (2006)

Imidazolium salts were explored as novel catalysts for underfill application. The catalytic properties of a series of imidazolium salts with different coordinating anions were studied by a dynamic differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). By changing the counter anions in these catalysts, the curing kinetics of the underfill can be adjusted. To understanding the curing mechanism of imidazolium salt, the thermal properties of these compounds were studied in terms of melting and decomposition temperatures. A possible reaction mechanism with these novel catalysts was proposed. One imidazolium salt was chosen as the catalyst for the underfill and shelf-life experiments were conducted at room temperature (R.T.), as well as using common imidazole catalyst in a control sample. During the test, the viscosity of underfill was measured by rheometer and the residue reaction heat of the underfill curing was monitored by a DSC. The B-stage stability of this underfill was also studied. With this novel catalyst, we have developed the RT stable epoxy resin based underfills which also process good thermal stability after B-stage.
Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies to Native Active Human Glycosyltransferases (2013)

Complex carbohydrates serve a wide range of biological functions in cells and tissues. Their biosynthesis involves more than 200 distinct glycosyltransferases in human cells, and the expression, properties, and topology of these enzymes regulate the glycosylation patterns of proteins and lipids. Glycosyltransferases are ER-Golgi resident enzymes with slow turnover, which makes monitoring of protein expression a method more directly linked to enzyme function, than monitoring gene expression. In situ monitoring of expression and subcellular topology of glycosyltransferase proteins by immunological techniques using monoclonal antibodies therefore provides an excellent strategy to analyze the glycosylation process in cells. A major drawback has been difficulties in generating antibodies to glycosyltransferases and validating their specificities. Here we describe a simple strategy for generating and characterizing monoclonal antibodies to human glycosyltransferases. This strategy includes a process for recombinant production and purification of enzymes for immunization, a simple selection strategy for isolation of antibodies with optimal properties for in situ detection of enzyme expression, and a comprehensive strategy for characterizing the fine specificity of such antibodies.
Effect of Carbolevure on intestinal fermentation induced by the ingestion of lactulose. (1988)

A double-blind trial involving two parallel groups of healthy volunteers was carried out in order to determine whether Carbolevure was capable of decreasing the over-production of intestinal gas induced by the ingestion of 15 ml of lactulose, a synthetic disaccharide not absorbed by the small intestine. Catabolism of this substrate by the anaerobic bacterial flora produces hydrogen, a constant fraction of which diffuses from the intestinal lumen into the blood, later to be excreted in expired air. Hydrogen levels were measured in air samples collected at the end of forced expiration. This hydrogen respiratory test was carried out before and after administration of Carbolevure to 17 volunteers or of a placebo to 15 volunteers, at a dose of three capsules morning and evening for seven days. Comparison of measurements of expired hydrogen by the subjects before and after administration showed a decrease in both groups. However, this decrease was statistically significant only in the group of volunteers having received Carbolevure.
Influences of Electrical Conductivity of Wall on Magnetohydrodynamic Control of Aeroynamic Heating (2006)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Isodicyclopentadienes and related molecules. Part 41. Stereochemical course of Diels-Alder cycloadditions to (hydroxymethyl)-substituted plane-nonsymmetric cyclopentadienes (1989)

International audience
Enantiospecific synthesis of the heparanase inhibitor (+)-trachyspic acid and stereoisomers from a common precursor (2007)

The total synthesis of natural (+)-trachyspic acid and its enantiomer is described starting from a common 2-deoxy-d-ribose derivative. The synthesis of the corresponding C3 epimers from the same starting material is also described. Each stereoisomer was assayed for heparanase inhibition.
Network coding for efficient communication in extreme networks (2005)

Some forms of ad-hoc networks need to operate in extremely performance-challenged environments where end-to-end connectivity is rare. Such environments can be found for example in very sparse mobile networks where nodes "meet" only occasionally and are able to exchange information, or in wireless sensor networks where nodes sleep most of the time to conserve energy. Forwarding mechanisms in such networks usually resort to some form of intelligent flooding, as for example in probabilistic routing.We propose a communication algorithm that significantly reduces the overhead of probabilistic routing algorithms, making it a suitable building block for a delay-tolerant network architecture. Our forwarding scheme is based on network coding. Nodes do not simply forward packets they overhear but may send out information that is coded over the contents of several packets they received. We show by simulation that this algorithm achieves the reliability and robustness of flooding at a small fraction of the overhead.
LEO satellite formation for SSP: energy and doppler analysis (2015)

The space-based solar power (SBSP) concept was introduced during the 1970s. However, the technological challenges during that period stalled its development. Decaying natural energy resources, global warming, and geopolitical pressures have encouraged many countries and researchers to seek new reliable energy sources, such as SBSP. A solar power technology that comprises low Earth orbit (LEO) spacecraft formation has been proposed in the literature. All spacecraft in the LEO formation harvest solar energy and transmit the power to a leader spacecraft or the ground station simultaneously. In the proposed LEO technique, the high and varying relative speed within the spacecraft formation, and also within the spacecraft and the Earth, causes a nonhomogeneous Doppler spread during solar power transmission. This Doppler spread reduces SBSP power transmission efficiency. In this paper, first, the transmission link budget from LEO and geostationary orbits to the Earth are compared, and the harvested energy by the ground station on the Earth is investigated. This motivates low or mid Earth orbit satellite usage for SBSP. Next, considering different spacecraft configurations, the impact of the distance between each spacecraft and the ground station, and the distance between each spacecraft and the leader spacecraft on the variation of the Doppler frequency spread is investigated. In addition, the impact of the position of the leader spacecraft with respect to other spacecraft in the formation is studied. The results confirm that higher altitude or smaller formation size leads to lower Doppler frequency spread in the transmission between each spacecraft to the ground station (or leader spacecraft). Finally, several possible techniques to improve the wireless power transmission efficiency due to the Doppler effect are discussed and compared.
CHONDROSARCOMA OF LARYNX (1983)

XII Symposium Neuroradiologicum: October 10–16, 1982: Washington, D.C., U.S.A: Abstracts of Articles on Computer Assisted Imaging from Non-Radiological Journals: CLINICAL SCIENCES: PDF Only
Representations of Symmetric Implication Algebras as Multicubes (2009)

We show that the variety of symmetric implication algebras is generated from cubic implication algebras and Boolean algebras. We do this by developing the notion of a locally symmetric implication algebra that has properties similar to cubic implication algebras and provide a representation of these algebras as subalgebras of a product of a cubic implication algebra and an implication algebra. We then show that every symmetric implication algebra is covered by a locally symmetric implication algebra.
PRMT5, which forms distinct homo-oligomers, is a member of the protein-arginine methyltransferase family. (2001)

In our paper, we demonstrated that Skb1Hs/JBP1 contains an intrinsic protein-arginine methyltransferase activity. Frankel and Clarke (Frankel, A., and Clarke, S. (2000)J. Biol. Chem. 275, 32794–32982) and we renamed Skb1Hs/JBP1 as PRMT5. Pollack et al. (Pollack, B. P., Kotenko, S. V., He, W., Izotova, L. S., Barnoski, B. L., and Pestka, S. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 31531–31542) reported for the first time that Skb1Hs/JBP1 contains protein-arginine methyltransferase activity and also suggested that JPB1/PRMT5 forms a homo-oligomer.