gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing Rollback Overhead In Time-warp Based Distributed Simulation With Optimized Incremental State Saving (2005)

Distributed simulation employing the Time Warp mechanism suffers from the enormous amount of memory it uses for state saving. The main goal of this paper is to address this problem by introducing an incremental state saving technique with an optimized rollback mechanism. This method is especially suitable for simulations with large simulation states and a small amount of state change from one simulation step to the next. A very common example of such a simulation environment is digital logic simulation with up to a few hundred thousand signal and element states with only a small number of signals changing between two simulation steps. The event queue-indispensable part of every discrete event simulation system-is used as a management tool for incremental state saving, thus reducing administration overhead drastically. An optimized rollback mechanism ensures that only those parts of the simulation state are restored which have to be updated to the rollback time. Results on the experimental observation of memory usage for incremental state saving and time performance show the effectiveness of the introduced mechanisms on our Time Warp system.
Ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of beta -form PVDF films crystallized under high pressures and their application to high temperature ultrasonic transducers (2002)

Summary form only given. Piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of high-pressure-crystallized PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) film were evaluated, and ultrasonic transducers usable at high temperatures up to 200 degrees C were developed. The film crystallized in the hexagonal phase showed distinctive ferroelectric properties. The poled film exhibited persistent piezoelectric activity in a temperature range extending just below the melting point, and an electromechanical coupling factor k/sub t/ of 0.1-0.2. Ultrasonic transducers were fabricated using this film. These transducers have proved to be applicable for measurements of acoustical properties of materials at high temperatures above 150 degrees .< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
OFFSET CONTINUATION OF SEISMIC SECTIONS* (1982)

A bstract Geometrical acoustic and wave theory lead to a second‐order partial differential equation that links seismic sections with different offsets. In this equation a time‐shift term appears that corresponds to normal moveout; a second term, dependent on offset and time only, corrects the moveout of dipping events. The zero‐offset stacked section can thus be obtained by continuing the section with maximum offset towards zero, and stacking along the way the other common‐offset sections. Without the correction for dip moveout, the spatial resolution of the section is noticeably impaired, thus limiting the advantages that could be obtained with expensive migration procedures. Trade‐offs exist between multiplicity of coverage, spatial resolution, and signal‐to‐noise; in some cases the spatial resolution on the surface can be doubled and the aliasing noise averaged out. Velocity analyses carried out on data continued to zero offset show a better resolution and improved discrimination against multiples. For instance, sea‐floor multiples always appear at water velocity, so that their removal is simplified. This offset continuation can be carried out either in the time‐space domain or in the time‐wave number domain. The methods are applied both to synthetic and real data.
Effects of Simulated Particle Deposition on Film Cooling (2010)

Diminishing natural gas resources has increased incentive to develop cleaner, more efficient combined-cycle power plants capable of burning alternative fuels such as coal-derived synthesis gas (syngas). Although syngas is typically filtered, particulate matter still exists in the hot gas path that has proven to be detrimental to the life of turbine components. Solid and molten particles deposit on film-cooled surfaces that can alter cooling dynamics and block cooling holes. To gain an understanding of the effects that particle deposits have on film cooling, a methodology was developed to simulate deposition in a low speed wind tunnel using a low melt wax, which can simulate solid and molten phases. A facility was constructed to simulate particle deposition on a flat plate with a row of film cooling holes. Infrared thermography was used to measure wall temperatures for quantifying spatially resolved adiabatic effectiveness values in the vicinity of the film cooling holes as deposition occurred. Results showed that deposition reduced cooling effectiveness by approximately 20% at momentum flux ratios of 0.23 and 0.5 and only 6% at a momentum flux ratio of 0.95.
Salivary biomarkers in psychobiological medicine (2006)

The value of salivary biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic assessments has become increasingly well established in medicine, pharmacology, and dentistry. Certain salivary components mirror the neuro-endocrine status of the organism. Other saliva products are protein in nature, and can serve to reflect immune surveillance processes. The autonomic nervous system regulates the process of salivation, and the concentration of yet other salivary components, such as alpha-amylase, which provide a reliable outcome measure of the sympathetic response. Here, we discuss molecular technologies that have permitted giant steps in the utilization of salivary samples and micro-fluidics for the benefit of diagnostic medicine and dentistry, and their putative role in springing forward research in psychobiology.
Preschool Educators’ Sustained Professional Development in Young Children’s Mathematical Learning (2007)

This paper investigates the effects of a sustained professional development project in
South Australia in which a small group of preschool educators worked with the
authors to develop their own knowledge and skills in facilitating young children’s
mathematical learning. Through the development of an approach to pedagogy that
linked the mandated learning outcomes for preschools in South Australia to
powerful mathematical ideas, the preschool educators have changed their practices
in mathematics education and the ways in which they think about these practices. As
well, implementation of a narrative assessment approach has provided opportunities
not only for the enhancement of children’s learning but also enhancement of the
educators’ mathematical knowledge and skills. After providing background about
current research on effective pedagogy in preschools, the paper considers the impact
of the professional development project on the early childhood educators,
particularly in terms of their growth in knowledge, skills and confidence in early
childhood mathematics.
Deflection microwave and millimeter-wave amplifiers (2005)

A new class of microwave and millimeter‐wave amplifiers, called deflectron amplifiers, which are based on the deflection of low voltage electron beams in a microstructure were analyzed. This concept may be applied in two ways: as microelectronic amplifiers or as bunched beam cathodes to power conventional amplifier configurations such as klystrodes and traveling wave tubes. Estimates for gain and efficiency are obtained from a circuit analysis. Particle codes are used to test the viability of the concept. Frequencies of operation are projected up to a few tens of GHz for microelectronic amplifiers and up to ∼80 GHz for power amplifiers.
End-to-End Performance of Mixed RF/FSO Transmission Systems (2013)

In this paper, we consider a heterogenous scenario where free-space optical (FSO) and radio-frequency (RF) technologies are deployed together as a dual-hop communication system, and we investigate the end-to-end outage performance of this so-called mixed RF/FSO system. The RF and FSO links are, respectively, modeled as Rayleigh fading (due to multipath propagation) and M-distributed fading (due to atmospheric turbulence). We derive exact closed-form expressions for the outage probability and demonstrate that the existing outage results in the literature for mixed FSO systems can be obtained as special cases of our results. The effect of pointing errors in the FSO link is further investigated.
The Role of Canonical and Noncanonical Pre-mRNA Splicing in Plant Stress Responses (2012)

Plants are sessile organisms capable of adapting to various environmental constraints, such as high or low temperatures, drought, soil salinity, or pathogen attack. To survive the unfavorable conditions, plants actively employ pre-mRNA splicing as a mechanism to regulate expression of stress-responsive genes and reprogram intracellular regulatory networks. There is a growing evidence that various stresses strongly affect the frequency and diversity of alternative splicing events in the stress-responsive genes and lead to an increased accumulation of mRNAs containing premature stop codons, which in turn have an impact on plant stress response. A number of studies revealed that some mRNAs involved in plant stress response are spliced counter to the traditional conception of alternative splicing. Such noncanonical mRNA splicing events include trans-splicing, intraexonic deletions, or variations affecting multiple exons and often require short direct repeats to occur. The noncanonical alternative splicing, along with common splicing events, targets the spliced transcripts to degradation through nonsense-mediated mRNA decay or leads to translation of truncated proteins. Investigation of the diversity, biological consequences, and mechanisms of the canonical and noncanonical alternative splicing events will help one to identify those transcripts which are promising for using in genetic engineering and selection of stress-tolerant plants.
Capillary Supercritical Fluid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of Phenolic Mannich Bases with Dimethyl Ether Modified Ethane as the Mobile Phase (1999)

The analysis of phenolic Mannich bases [Formula: see text] which are used as hardeners and accelerators for epoxy resins [Formula: see text] by capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with dimethyl ether modified ethane as the mobile phase is described. The elution properties of several different mobile phases with respect to amines are shown. SFC with UV detection is coupled via a custom-built interface to a mass spectrometer with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Two technically important Mannich bases prepared by different production processes are characterized and compared with respect to their byproducts. The role of dimethyl ether during the ionization process and the fragmentation of phenolic Mannich bases is discussed.
Portal Steal Syndrome After Full-Size Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation. (2016)

Successful liver transplantation typically results in an immediate decrease in intrahepatic resistance accompanied by an initial increased hepatopedal portal flow. Within a short period of time, the portal hypertension resolves and the variceal shunts involute. However, in situations in which intrahepatic vascular resistance to venous flow remains elevated, significant hepatofugal portal flow may continue through persistent mesenteric shunts. This situation, portal steal, can result in decreased perfusion of the liver graft leading to graft dysfunction, failure, and potentially recipient death. This report details a case and the surrounding literature to highlight appropriate diagnosis and management in these patients.
Quantitative evaluation of alternative field normalization procedures (2013)

ide differences in publication and citation practices makes impossible the direct comparison of raw citation counts across scientific disciplines. Recent research has studied new and traditional normalization procedures aimed at suppressing as much as possible these disproportions in citation numbers among scientific domains. Using the recently introduced IDCP (Inequality due to Differences in Citation Practices) method, this paper rigorously tests the performance of six cited-side normalization procedures based on the Thomson Reuters classification system consisting of 172 subfields. We use six yearly datasets from 1980 to 2004, with widely varying citation windows from the publication year to May 2011. The main findings are the following three. Firstly, as observed in previous research, within each year the shapes of sub-field citation distributions are strikingly similar. This paves the way for several normalization procedures to perform reasonably well in reducing the effect on citation inequality of differences in citation practices. Secondly, independently of the year of publication and the length of the citation window, the effect of such differences represents about 13% of total citation inequality. Thirdly, a recently introduced two-parameter normalization scheme outperforms the other normalization procedures over the entire period, reducing citation disproportions to a level very close to the minimum achievable given the data and the classification system. However, the traditional procedure of using sub-field mean citations as normalization factors yields also good results.
IGF-IR signaling in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and targeting IGF-IR therapy: overview and new insights (2017)

The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and contributes to metastasis and drug resistance in several subtypes of tumors. In preclinical studies, targeting of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) showed promising anti-tumor effects. Unfortunately, high expectations for anti-IGF-IR therapy encountered challenge and disappointment in numerous clinical trials. This review summarizes the regulation of EMT by IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling pathway and drug resistance mechanisms of targeting IGF-IR therapy. Most importantly, we address several factors in the regulation of IGF-I/IGF-IR-associated EMT progression that may be potential predictive biomarkers in targeted therapy.
Exploring YouTube's content distribution network through distributed application-layer measurements: a first view (2011)

Content Distribution Networks serve a large share of today's Internet traffic from a multitude of locations, each in relative proximity to the respective consumers. In this paper, we analyze the performance of the YouTube video platform using Seattle, a distributed Internet testbed running on donated resources (like SETI@home), including equipment on the user's premises. This better reflects the experience seen by true users than dedicated test systems such as PlanetLab. In Seattle, measurements are restricted to the application layer, so we only read from and write into a stream (TCP) network socket, and perform DNS lookups. Using forty vantage points in different geographic regions running for more than 600 hours, we continuously measure the number of IP addresses www.youtube.com resolves to, and approximate the latency to actual video cache servers. We also monitor the latency between the vantage points, and estimate the packet loss. The methodology presented in this paper shows how insights even into large, distributed content delivery systems can be gathered with reasonable effort. The actual results can be of interest to e.g. network operators trying to improve the interworking with CDNs by studying their day-to-day operations for the good of the end user.
Enantioselective Friedel−Crafts Reaction of β-Trifluoromethylated Acrylates with Pyrroles and Its Application to the Synthesis of Trifluorinated Heliotridane (2010)

The first chiral Lewis acid catalyzed enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of pyrroles with beta-CF(3) acrylates has been investigated, which afforded various types of chiral trifluoromethylated compounds in excellent yields (90-99%) with high ee's (up to 99% ee). With the aid of the Friedel-Crafts reaction adduct, optically active trifluorinated heliotridane was successfully constructed.
Schema extraction from XML collections (2002)

XML Schema language has been proposed to replace Document Type Definitions (DTDs) as schema mechanism for XML data. This language consistently extends grammar-based constructions with constraint- and pattern-based ones and have a higher expressive power than DTDs. As schemas remain optional for XML, we address the problem of XML Schema extraction. We model the XML schema as extended context-free grammars and develop a novel extraction algorithm inspired by methods of grammatical inference. The algorithm copes also with the schema determinism requirement imposed by XML DTDs and XML Schema languages.
On Performance of Partially Coherent laser Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Over Gamma-Gamma Ocean Turbulence Channel (2021)

In this paper, we present a unified framework for the performance analysis of partially coherent laser underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system over Gamma-Gamma ocean turbulence channel. Based on the model of a partially coherent laser beam propagating in underwater turbulence and numerical analysis method, we evaluate the average BER, outage probability and average channel capacity of an optical L-ary pulse position modulation (L-PPM) scheme and L-ary differential pulse position modulation (L-DPPM) scheme. Numerical evaluations were conducted under Gamma-Gamma ocean turbulence channel. The numerical simulation shows that the significant average BER and outage probability degradation occurs when the degree of partially coherent laser and ocean turbulence increases. It also shows that the performance can be improved by using higher order PPM, and L-DPPM scheme is less affected by turbulence and has better anti-turbulence ability than L-PPM scheme.
Numerical analysis of the propagation modes of photo-switching PDMS-arylazopyrazole optical waveguide and thin-film spectroscopic characterization (2023)

A new light responsive arylazopyrazole (AAP) containing polymer matrix thin film is fabricated by spin-coating of different concentrations of the AAP azo dye into the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer at 150C. The new AAP molecular switch was also used to fabricate a solid-state PDMS-AAP waveguide by contact lithography and soft replica modeling methods in the micrometer scale. The refractive index of the spin-coated photoswitchable material can be modulated via the reversible trans-to-cis photoisomerization behavior of the AAP unit using different concentrations. When 0.01 M solution of the AAP unit was used, the refractive of the composite was 2.32 in the trans state and dropped to 1.85 in the cis state in the operating wavelength of 340 nm. At higher concentrations of 0.020 and 0.03 M, a wide refractive index tuning is achieved under the same wavelength. In 0.030 M the refractive index was 2.65 for the trans state and 2.0 for the cis state. The results suggest that the increase in refractive index tuning is related to the concentration of the AAP unit of the composite film. Theoretically, the spectral properties of the composite film are also simulated with two methods: 1) the Maxwell Equations; and 2) the frequency dependent finite element, showing excellent agreement for the different propagation modes of the proposed waveguide for regulated signals of 365/525 nm wavelengths. Furthermore, the photoisomerization of the PDMS-AAP thin film is analyzed with UV-vis spectroscopy to demonstrate the isomerization responses of the AAP moiety in the solid state. Additionally, preliminary photomechanical actuation properties of the composite film have been investigated. The PDMS-AAP waveguide described in this study provides a new approach for optically tunable photonics applications in the Visible-IR region.
Acetabular Reconstruction With Bone Impaction Grafting and a Cemented Cup (2001)

Acetabular bone stock loss compromises the outcome in primary and revision total hip arthroplasty. In 1979, a biologic method was introduced with tightly impacted cancellous allografts in combination with a cemented polyethylene cup for acetabular reconstruction. With this technique, it is possible to replace the loss of bone and to repair normal hip mechanics and hip function with a standard implant. Based on the authors' 20 years experience, a review of the long-term data is presented in primary total hip arthroplasty with preexisting acetabular bone stock loss, primary total hip arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis, patients who had bone impaction when younger than 50 years, and in acetabular revisions. The survival rate with revision of the cup for aseptic loosening as the end point was 94% at 10 to 17 years, 90% at 10 to 18 years, 91% at 10 to 17 years, and 92% at 10 to 15 years. From biopsy specimens from humans and histologic data in animal experiments the incorporation of these impacted bone chips was proven. The acetabular bone impaction technique using large morselized bone chips (range, 0.7-1 cm) and a cemented cup is a reliable technique with favorable long-term outcome.
Vector space decomposition of reactive power for periodic nonsinusoidal signals (1997)

A vector space is used to represent periodic voltage and current signals in a single port electrical network. This representation is convenient for expressing time average power quantities, such as average power, apparent power, and certain definitions of reactive power. The vector representation for reactive power provides insight into the difficulty of finding a consistent definition for a scalar measure of reactive power when harmonics are present. Instead, a reactive power vector is defined and shown to obey conservation according to Tellegen's theorem. Projections of the reactive power vector are shown to obey conservation and can be used as signed, scalar measures of reactive power.
Radioactive waste management approaches for developed countries (2016)

Nuclear power has demonstrated over the last 30 years its capacity to produce base-load electricity at a low, predictable and stable cost due to the very low economic dependence on the price of uranium. However the management of used nuclear fuel remains the “Achilles’ Heel” of this energy source since the storage of used nuclear fuel is increasing as evidenced by the following number with 2,000 tons of UNF produced each year by the 104 US nuclear reactor units which equates to a total of 62,000 spent fuel assemblies stored in dry cask and 88,000 stored in pools. Two options adopted by several countries will be presented. The first one adopted by Europe, Japan and Russia consists of recycling the used nuclear fuel after irradiation in a nuclear reactor. Ninety six percent of uranium and plutonium contained in the spent fuel could be reused to produce electricity and are worth recycling. The separation of uranium and plutonium from the wastes is realized through the industrial PUREX process so that they can be recycled for re-use in a nuclear reactor as a mixed oxide (MOX) fuel. The second option undertaken by Finland, Sweden and the United States implies the direct disposal of used nuclear fuel into a geologic formation. One has to remind that only 30% of the worldwide used nuclear fuel are currently recycled, the larger part being stored (70% in pool) waiting for scientific or political decisions. A third option is emerging with a closed fuel cycle which will improve the global sustainability of nuclear energy. This option will not only decrease the volume amount of nuclear waste but also the long-term radiotoxicity of the final waste, as well as improving the long-term safety and the heat-loading of the final repository. At the present time, numerous countries are focusing on the R&D recycling activities of the ultimate waste composed of fission products and minor actinides (americium and curium). Several new chemical extraction processes, such as TRUSPEAK, ALSEP, EXAM, or LUCA are pursued worldwide and their approaches will be highlighted.