gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Rapid Neurobehavioral Assessment Reveals that FK506 Delays Symptom Onset in R6/2 Huntington's Disease Mice (2003)

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the HD gene (,). HD encodes the huntingtin protein, and the CAG repeat encodes a polyglutamine stretch in the amino terminus of huntingtin. Normally the repeat length is up to  glutamines with larger repeats causing HD. The expanded polyglutamine stretch contributes to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration that are clinically manifested as chorea, cognitive decline, psychiatric and affective abnormalities, and death. Currently there are no effective treatments. Yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, and mammalian cell HD models are now being used for highor moderate-throughput drug screening (). Mouse models of HD serve as an important filter between these drug discovery efforts and human clinical trials. The most widely used mouse model for preclinical drug evaluation is the R/ model, which transgenically expresses exon  of the Hdh gene that contains approximately  CAG repeats (). Previous preclinical studies have shown that Congo red, creatine, minocycline, zVAD-FMK (caspase inhibitor), combination YVAD-CMK and DEVD-FMK (caspase inhibitors), remacemide, cystamine, lipoic acid, dichloroacetate, coenzyme Q, and a number of unpublished compounds increase survival of these mice, typically by − (−). Environmental enrichment, such as adding a toilet paper roll, also improves survival as well or better than these pharmacologic agents (,). Using survival as a measure of drug efficacy is problematic because the cause of death in R/ mice is unknown and because it could lead to the identification of drugs that prolong end-stage disease as opposed to those that delay disease onset or improve quality of life in early disease. In addition, some countries with highly active HD research programs prohibit the use of survival as an end point, limiting data comparison between labs. Assessing motor activity by rotarod performance (duration for which mice are able to remain on an accelerating dowel) offers an opportunity to evaluate neurologic function in all stages of disease. This measure alone is insufficient since it requires a complex mixture of muscle strength, agility, grip, weight, balance, proprioception, cardiopulmonary aerobic capacity, peripheral nerve function, and multiple circuits in the central nervous system. As such, improvements in one of these could be masked by persistent impairments in any of the others. The cause of pathologic clasping, another traditional secondary end point, is unknown. This A Rapid Neurobehavioral Assessment Reveals that FK506 Delays Symptom Onset in R6/2 Huntington’s Disease Mice
An Enhancing Grid Stiffness Control Strategy of STATCOM/BESS for Damping Sub-Synchronous Resonance in Wind Farm Connected to Weak Grid (2019)

Under weak grid, wind farm can easily cause subsynchronous resonance (SSR) owing to the impedance interaction between wind farm and grid. In this article, a synchronous compensator with battery energy storage system (STATCOM/BESS) is connected in parallel with grid to suppress this SSR. Meanwhile, analogizing virtual synchronous generator (VSG), an enhancing grid stiffness control strategy is proposed for STATCOM/BESS with low rated active power and high rated reactive power. According to the designed control strategy, the demand quantity of battery for STATCOM/BESS can be reduced by more than 50%, which can decrease the costs and simultaneously improve the security. Since the impedances of grid and STATCOM/BESS controlled by the designed control strategy both are basically inductive, the parallel impedance of grid and STATCOM/BESS is smaller than the single grid impedance, which equivalently enhances grid stiffness from the point of view of impedance. Moreover, as the proposed suppression method of SSR does not need to modify other controllers of power station nor detect harmonics, it is a general suppression method of the SSR induced by impedance interaction between power station and weak grid. Finally, experimental results verify the validity of the proposed suppression strategy for SSR.
Flour containing protein and fiber made from wet-mill corn germ, with potential food use (1979)

Flour containing 30% protein, 5.9% lysine, generous amount of food fiber and a good balance of other essential amino acids was prepared from wet-mill corn germ. It represented the upgrading of a present feed by-product to a product with potentially valuable food uses. To prepare the flour, dried wet-mill corn germ was first aspirated to remove the hull and, after flaking, fat was removed by solvent extraction. A 2nd extraction of the flakes with 82:18 hexane/ethanol azeotrope via refluxing achieved very low fat levels in the final product. The ground flour contained approximately 2% ash, 18% starch, 26% pentosans, 12% cellulose and 0.6% lignin, but starch content may vary, depending on processing conditions.
Influence of ionotropic receptor location on their dynamics at glutamatergic synapses (2012)

In this paper we study the effects of the location of ionotropic receptors, especially AMPA and NMDA receptors, on their function at excitatory glutamatergic synapses. As few computational models only allow to evaluate the influence of receptor location on state transition and receptor dynamics, we present an elaborate computational model of a glutamatergic synapse that takes into account detailed parametric models of ionotropic receptors along with glutamate diffusion within the synaptic cleft. Our simulation results underscore the importance of the wide spread distribution of AMPA receptors which is required to avoid massive desensitization of these receptors following a single glutamate release event while NMDA receptor location is potentially optimal relative to the glutamate release site thus, emphasizing the contribution of location dependent effects of the two major ionotropic receptors to synaptic efficacy.
Binding of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin to the Sialoside Receptor Is Not Controlled by the Homotropic Allosteric Effect (2010)

Several sialoside receptors can bind to three active sites on influenza A viral hemagglutinin (HA), determining the mechanism of the virus and host cell binding. Optimization of complex structures at the molecular mechanics level shows an insignificant conformational change of HA between the isolated state and the complex with three sialosides. The energetic analysis of the HA (X-31, Aichi/2/1968)-sialoside complexes performed with quantum-mechanical calculations of the complex containing about 24 000 atoms at the FMO2-MP2/PCM/6-31G(d) level suggests that the binding of one, two, or three receptors has the same binding energy per sialoside, thus the trivalent HA-sialoside binding is not regulated by the sialoside homotropic allosteric effect. These results rationalize the experimentally reported simple binding mode for the trivalent HA-monovalent sialoside interaction in solution at equilibrium.
Development and characterization of anti-Gal B cell receptor transgenic Gal???/??? mice (2002)

These observations suggest that this model can be used to study the regulation of anti-Gal B cells and can establish a reliable source of functional anti-Gal B cells, which could be used to test the effectiveness of alpha-Gal-specific immunosuppressive reagents.
Vacuum ultraviolet to visible emission of some pure gases and their mixtures used for plasma processing (1998)

The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) to near infrared emissions (112⩽λ⩽880 nm) from molecular gases (H2 and O2) and molecular gas–noble gas mixtures (H2–Ar and O2–Ar) have been investigated with two separate spectrophotometric instruments. We report the influence of plasma parameters such as gas composition, pressure, and microwave power upon the plasma emission. In the case of mixtures with noble gases, we selected a range of plasma parameters so as to obtain very intense VUV emissions, which can be useful for the photochemical treatment of polymer surfaces. Some kinetics mechanisms involved are discussed.
A Procedure for Upscaling Two-Phase Flow in 2D Heterogeneous porous Media (2003)

Abstract In order to model a WAG process in a North Sea oil field integrated pore-to-field scale multiphase upscaling was performed[1]. The upscaling procedure included two steps. A pore-to-core upscaling step was based on pore network modeling. It resulted in relative permeabilities and capillary pressure functions, which represent the Darcy-scale properties of rock types. The saturation functions were utilized in the next upscaling step. In this paper we describe the second upscaling step, from centimeters to meters scale, which was performed to derive multi-phase flow functions for the field-scale simulation. This step takes into account heterogeneity of the facies as well as gravity effects, and is based on steady-state upscaling technique. The upscaled flow functions resulting from the second step depend both on the flow direction and on the flow rate (or pressure gradient). The rate sensitivity of the upscaled functions is different for the two directions, horizontal and vertical. The upscaled flow functions in the horizontal direction are rate insensitive, while the vertical flow functions appear to be quite sensitive to the vertical rate. Derivation, analysis and validation of the upscaled flow functions are described. The latter is done by comparison of the fine grid simulation and homogenized coarse grid simulation in 2D, vertical crossection, and also by comparison of the predicted oil production with field observations.
The self determinants recognized by human virus-immune T cells can be distinguished from the serologically defined HLA antigens. (1980)

The self specificity of human influenza virus-immune cytotoxic T cells has been analyzed in order to clarify the relationship between the self antigens that they recognize and the serologically defined HLA-A and -B antigens. Virus-immune effectors from HLA-A2-positive donors were tested on panels of virus-infected target cells from donors who were either HLA-mismatched or matched only for HLA-A2. Virus-immune T cells from 11 out of 11 A2-positive donors lysed all A2-matched virus-infected target cells (and no HLA-mismatched targets), except that each of these effector cells consistently failed to lyse virus-infected target cells from one A2-positive donor (designated M7). Although the A2 specificity of donor M7 could also be distinguished from the A2 antigen of other donors by alloimmune cytotoxic T cells, no differences in the A2 antigen of donor M7 could be defined by extensive serologic analyses. These results indicate that there is a strong but incomplete association between a self antigen recognized by virus-immune T cells and the serologically defined HLA-A2 specificity.
The Politics of Populism: Dissent in Colorado (1975)

Journal Article The Politics of Populism: Dissent in Colorado Get access The Politics of Populism: Dissent in Colorado. By Wright James Edward. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974. xii, 314 p. Illustrations, maps, tables, figures, reproductions, bibliography, index. $16.50.) Duane A. Smith Duane A. Smith Fort Lewis College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 6, Issue 3, July 1975, Pages 328–329, https://doi.org/10.2307/967607 Published: 01 July 1975
Spectral optimization for dedicated breast CT (2010)

Depending on the filtration, the authors assume that a compromise solution has to be found between the highest potential dose reduction and a solution working with available x-ray sources. In view of the tube power constraints, the authors recommend aiming for tube voltages in the range of 50 kV and higher.
Consolidated bioprocessing of butanol production from xylan by a thermophilic and butanologenic Thermoanaerobacterium sp. M5 (2018)

A newly thermophilic and butanogenic bacterium <i>Thermoanaerobacterium</i> sp. M5 was isolated and key enzymes responsible for butanol production were characterized in this study. High butanol titer was obtained from xylan through process optimization. In addition, the newly set up microbial co-cultivation system, consisting of <i>Thermoanaerobacterium</i> sp. M5 and <i>C. acetobutylicum</i> NJ4, achieved the highest butanol production from xylan compared with the reported co-cultivation systems.
Apoptosis Activation in Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines by a Novel Synthetic Peptide Derived from Conus californicus Venom (2016)

Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men and women and a leading cause of death worldwide resulting in more than one million deaths per year. The venom of marine snails Conus contains up to 200 pharmacologically active compounds that target several receptors in the cell membrane. Due to their diversity and specific binding properties, Conus toxins hold great potential as source of new drugs against cancer. We analyzed the cytotoxic effect of a 17-amino acid synthetic peptide (s-cal14.1a) that is based on a native toxin (cal14.1a) isolated from the sea snail Conus californicus. Cytotoxicity studies in four lung cancer cell lines were complemented with measurement of gene expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, BAX and the pro-survival proteins NFκB-1 and COX-2, as well as quantification of caspase activity. Our results showed that H1299 and H1437 cell lines treated with s-call4.1a had decreased cell viability, activated caspases, and reduced expression of the pro-survival protein NFκB-1. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing activation of apoptosis in human lung cancer cell lines by s-cal14.1a and we offer insight into the possible mechanism of action.
Immune Consequences of Protracted Host-Tumor Interactions in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Mammary Carcinoma (2008)

A transgenic mouse model of autochthonous mammary carcinoma was chosen to study the impact of tumor progression on the immune system over an extended period. We found: i) that splenocyte numbers, particularly myeloid cells, increased concurrently with tumor burden; ii) the percentage of tumor-infiltrating Treg cells was similar to that in human breast cancer; iii) suppressed T cell proliferation and cytokine production and; iv) significantly elevated MCP-1 and TNF-alpha in the sera of tumor-bearing mice. The modified immune status in these tumor-bearing hosts is consistent with a "syndrome" that likely impacts the efficacy of cancer immunosurveillance and response to therapy.
Streptococcus-Escherichia coli shuttle vector pSA3 and its use in the cloning of streptococcal genes (1985)

A shuttle vector that can replicate in both Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli has been constructed by joining the E. coli plasmid pACYC184 (chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance) to the streptococcal plasmid pGB305 (erythromycin resistance). The resulting chimeric plasmid is designated pSA3 (chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline resistance) and has seven unique restriction sites: EcoRI, EcoRV, BamHI, SalI, XbaI, NruI, and SphI. Molecular cloning into the EcoRI or EcoRV site results in inactivation of chloramphenicol resistance, and cloning into the BamHI, SalI, or SphI site results in inactivation of tetracycline resistance in E. coli. pSA3 was transformed and was stable in Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans in the presence of erythromycin. We have used pSA3 to construct a library of the S. mutans GS5 genome in E. coli, and expression of surface antigens in this heterologous host has been confirmed with S. mutans antiserum. A previously cloned determinant that specifies streptokinase was subcloned into pSA3, and this recombinant plasmid was stable in the presence of a selective pressure and expressed streptokinase activity in E. coli, S. sanguis (Challis), and S. mutans.
Enhanced markers of oxidative stress, altered antioxidants and NADPH‐oxidase activation in brains from Fragile X mental retardation 1‐deficient mice, a pathological model for Fragile X syndrome (2007)

Fragile X syndrome is the most common form of inherited mental retardation in humans. It originates from the loss of expression of the Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene, which results in the absence of the Fragile X mental retardation protein. However, the biochemical mechanisms involved in the pathological phenotype are mostly unknown. The availability of the FMR1-knockout mouse model offers an excellent model system in which to study the biochemical alterations related to brain abnormalities in the syndrome. We show for the first time that brains from Fmr1-knockout mice, a validated model for the syndrome, display higher levels of reactive oxygen species, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase activation, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation than brains from wild-type mice. Furthermore, the antioxidant system is deficient in Fmr1-knockout mice, as shown by altered levels of components of the glutathione system. FMR1-knockout mice lacking Fragile X mental retardation protein were compared with congenic FVB129 wild-type controls. Our results support the hypothesis that the lack of Fragile X mental retardation protein function leads to a moderate increase of the oxidative stress status in the brain that may contribute to the pathophysiology of the Fragile X syndrome.
A Multiband Passive Radar Demonstrator (2006)

Passive radar systems that exploit signals from the plethora of RF emissions that exist in the external environment offer a number of advantages over conventional active radar system, including procurement and operational cost saving. Each emitter has its own characteristics, including waveforms, which dictate system performance. BAE Systems Advanced Technology Centre has designed and built a demonstrator system to act as a test bed for passive sensor research. The system operates over a multi-octave bandwidth and can exploit both analogue and digital transmissions from both broadcast and communication systems. This offers advantages over single band systems; for example, multiple observations in different bands using different geometries allow fusion of tracks to achieve more robust and accurate tracks. This paper outlines the system and design issues that were addressed during the development of the demonstrator, including the simulation model, and prediction of bistatic target signature. Results of experimental work illustrating the operation of the demonstrator system with targets of opportunity are shown.
The high-spin cytochrome o' component of the cytochrome bo-type quinol oxidase in membranes from Escherichia coli: formation of the primary oxygenated species at low temperatures is characterized by a slow 'on' rate and low dissociation constant (1994)

Cytochromes b and o in membrane vesicles from aerobically grown Escherichia coli were readily reduced by succinate; one cytochrome, which we propose should be called cytochrome o', reacted with CO in the Fe(II) state to give a photodissociable CO adduct. The photodissociation spectrum (photolysed minus pre-photolysis) at sub-zero temperatures had a relatively high gamma/alpha absorbance ratio, indicating a high-spin haem, which, in the reduced state, probably contributes little to the sharp alpha absorbance of the oxidase complex in membranes. Reaction with oxygen of the unliganded high-spin haem between -132 degrees C and -95 degrees C following photolytic activation gave a product that is identified as the oxygenated form, being spectrally similar to, but not identical with, the CO adduct. In membranes, the forward velocity constant at -95 degrees C was 61 M-1s-1, and the dissociation constant was 1.6 x 10(-5) M O2, as it is in intact cells. These data clearly distinguish the oxygen-trapping strategy of the cytochrome o' in this oxidase from that of cytochrome a3 and also suggest that the presence of the soluble flavohaemoglobin (Hmp) in intact cells is without effect on such measurements of the primary oxygen reaction. In view of recent findings that this oxidase complex contains predominantly one mole of haem O and one of haem B, a revised nomenclature for the oxidase complex is proposed, namely, cytochrome bo'.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Severity Is Associated with Distinct CD8+ T-Cell Profiles (2019)

<b>Rationale:</b> Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in infants worldwide. Although T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell pathology is implicated in severe disease, the mechanisms underlying the development of immunopathology are incompletely understood.<b>Objectives:</b> We aimed to identify local immune responses associated with severe RSV in infants. Our hypothesis was that disease severity would correlate with enhanced Th2 cellular responses.<b>Methods:</b> Nasal aspirates were collected from infants hospitalized with severe (admitted to the pediatric ICU) or moderate (maintained in the general ward) RSV disease at 5 to 9 days after enrollment. The immune response was investigated by evaluating T-lymphocyte cellularity, cytokine concentration, and viral load.<b>Measurements and Main Results:</b> Patients with severe disease had increased proportions of CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8)-positive T cells expressing IL-4 (Tc2) and reduced proportions of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells expressing IFNγ (Tc1). Nasal aspirates from patients with severe disease had reduced concentrations of IL-17. Patients with greater frequencies of Tc1, CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells expressing IL-17 (Tc17), and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells expressing IL-17 (Th17) had shorter durations of hospitalization.<b>Conclusions:</b> Severe RSV disease was associated with distinct T-cell profiles. Tc1, Tc17, and Th17 were associated with shorter hospital stay and may play a protective role, whereas Tc2 cells may play a previously underappreciated role in pathology.
Protease Injury in Airways Disease (1991)

In summary, proteases are present in the airway in inflammatory airways disease. These enzymes can damage the airway epithelium. As a consequence, airway function can be altered, and long-term changes in airway anatomy can result. Although the exact cellular and biochemical mechanisms that lead to these changes are incompletely described, it seems likely that they will play important roles in clinical airways disease. As such, these pathways may represent novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Adaptive prompt system using a ghost shadowing approach: A preliminary development (2015)

Errorless Learning (EL) is an effective learning method that can be applied for the rehabilitation of IADL in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prompt fading is one of the key concepts in order to successfully apply the EL. However, issue of the prompt dependence has not been satisfactorily solved. The aim of the study is to propose an adaptive prompt system using a shadowing approach (Ghost shadowing) based on the model of “sense of agency” to deal with this problem. In this paper, we present a prototype system as well as the result of the assessment test for the quality of the sense of agency in order to validate the subjective aspect of the proposed approach as a preliminary study.
Efficient Quenching of a Guanidinium‐Containing Fluorescence Sensor (2011)

Quenching: A novel water-soluble guanidinium-containing phenylene-ethynylene-based fluorescence sensor (see picture) is reported with a two-fold improvement in sensitivity to electron-deficient quenchers compared to an equivalent alkoxy-substituted phenylene-ethynylene-based sensor. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.