gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Effects of 3-Thia Fatty Acid in Cancer Cells (2006)

Gliomas are tumours of glial cell origin in the central nervous system (CNS). High grade malignant gliomas are very aggressive and almost always lethal. Although the treatment of neoplasms in other organ systems has radically improved during the last decade, improvements in glioma treatment have been marginal. Combinations of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy may gain some weeks or months in survival time, however the median survival time after treatment is less than a year. The aggressiveness of cancers depends on qualities such as proliferative rate, invasiveness and angiogenesis. Agents that influence one or more of these features may affect the tumour malignancy. Characteristic for the neuroepithelial tumours is their local invasive behavior. Neuroepithelial tumours are poorly demarcated and hardly ever properly encapsulated. This behavior makes complete surgical removal of the tumour difficult and they often recur with a fatal result. It is largely accepted that a high dietary intake of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the series has beneficial effects. Recently, cellular lipid metabolism has been suggested as a target for cancer therapy. Cancer cells, compared with normal cells, seem to be vulnerable to exposure of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially those in the series. Characteristic for these compounds are their poor ability to be oxidized in the cell due to multiple double bonds. They are however likely to be esterified to other lipids, and their incorporation into membrane phospholipids will influence membrane properties such as fluidity, protein interactions and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. The hypolipidemic properties of some fatty acids, such as EPA, are probably explained by an induction of mitochondrial β -oxidation3 that is not found after administration of the non-hypolipidemic PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA cause increased peroxisomal
Microwave assisted switching in a Ni81Fe19 ellipsoid (2007)

The authors demonstrate the stimulation of the magnetization switching process of a Ni81Fe19 ellipsoid, which is dominated by domain nucleation and propagation, by applying a transverse microwave field. The study of the quasistatic switching behavior under the influence of a microwave field was performed using longitudinal magneto-optic Kerr effect magnetometry. A strong reduction of the coercive field for microwave frequencies between 500 and 900MHz has been observed, which can be attributed to two different mechanisms: microwave stimulated enhancement of domain nucleation and microwave stimulated growth of the reversed domain. The authors prove that heating is not the origin of the reduction of the coercive field.
GULP1 is a novel APP-interacting protein that alters APP processing (2011)

Altered production of Aβ (amyloid-β peptide), derived from the proteolytic cleavage of APP (amyloid precursor protein), is believed to be central to the pathogenesis of AD (Alzheimer's disease). Accumulating evidence reveals that APPc (APP C-terminal domain)-interacting proteins can influence APP processing. There is also evidence to suggest that APPc-interacting proteins work co-operatively and competitively to maintain normal APP functions and processing. Hence, identification of the full complement of APPc-interacting proteins is an important step for improving our understanding of APP processing. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, in the present study we identified GULP1 (engulfment adaptor protein 1) as a novel APPc-interacting protein. We found that the GULP1-APP interaction is mediated by the NPTY motif of APP and the GULP1 PTB (phosphotyrosine-binding) domain. Confocal microscopy revealed that a proportion of APP and GULP1 co-localized in neurons. In an APP-GAL4 reporter assay, we demonstrated that GULP1 altered the processing of APP. Moreover, overexpression of GULP1 enhanced the generation of APP CTFs (C-terminal fragments) and Aβ, whereas knockdown of GULP1 suppressed APP CTFs and Aβ production. The results of the present study reveal that GULP1 is a novel APP/APPc-interacting protein that influences APP processing and Aβ production.
Glass Transition (2001)

Abstract The glass transition is by far the most important one among the many transitions and relaxations observed in amorphous polymers. It has a drastic effect on the properties and processing characteristics of such polymers. It is important in semicrystalline polymers as well, but its role diminishes in importance with increasing crystalline fraction. The glass‐transition temperature ( T g ) can be defined operationally as the temperature at which the forces holding the distinct components of an amorphous solid together are overcome, so that these components are able to undergo large‐scale molecular motions, limited mainly by the inherent resistance of each component to such flow . The practical effects of the glass transition on the processing and performance characteristics of polymers, as well as the key aspects of its physics, are implicit in this definition.
A novel microchip filter for rare cells separation (2012)

This paper describes a novel microchip filter device incorporating slit arrays and 3-dimensional flow that can separate rare cells with high efficiency and throughput. The proposed device has several tens of times increased throughput, and has a unique pressure distribution along the filter pore, inducing target cells to be captured and gently lined up at the end of the slit in relatively low shear stress condition. With the enhanced capture yield and throughput, the proposed device can be used as an efficient rare-cell-analyzing tool for blood-based diagnostics.
Interoception, contemplative practice, and health (2015)

Interoception can be broadly defined as the sense of signals originating within the body. As such, interoception is critical for our sense of embodiment, motivation, and well-being. And yet, despite its importance, interoception remains poorly understood within modern science. This paper reviews interdisciplinary perspectives on interoception, with the goal of presenting a unified perspective from diverse fields such as neuroscience, clinical practice, and contemplative studies. It is hoped that this integrative effort will advance our understanding of how interoception determines well-being, and identify the central challenges to such understanding. To this end, we introduce an expanded taxonomy of interoceptive processes, arguing that many of these processes can be understood through an emerging predictive coding model for mind-body integration. The model, which describes the tension between expected and felt body sensation, parallels contemplative theories, and implicates interoception in a variety of affective and psychosomatic disorders. We conclude that maladaptive construal of bodily sensations may lie at the heart of many contemporary maladies, and that contemplative practices may attenuate these interpretative biases, restoring a person's sense of presence and agency in the world.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Two‐Step Access to Diversely Substituted Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines and Benzimidazoles from Readily Available 2‐Imidazolines. (2013)

Abstract Imidazoline substrates, prepared by a previously reported protocol, rearrange under Bechamp reduction to afford the title heterocycles.
Chemically amplified positive resist for next-generation photomask fabrication (1999)

We have been developing novolak-based chemically amplified positive resists for the next generation photomask fabrication. In this paper, we report two different types of EB resists: RE-5150P and RE-5160P. Our resist materials consist of four components: a novolak matrix resin, a polyphenol compound, an acid generator and a dissolution inhibitor. We applied two different types of dissolution inhibitors to our resist materials. RE-5150P and RE-5160P employed respective a high and a low activation energy type of a dissolution inhibitor. RE-5150P has high contrast and RE- 5160P has wide process window. As a result, we confirmed RE- 5150P could achieve 0.24 micrometer line-and-space vertical resist pattern profiles at 8 (mu) C/cm<SUP>2</SUP> using the 50 kV EB- writer HL-800M, and RE-5160P has wide process window: post exposure delay stability is over 24 hrs. and post coating delay stability is over 30 days.
An Adaptive Sampling Algorithm with Applications to Denial-of-Service Attack Detection (2006)

There is an emerging need for the traffic processing capability of network security mechanisms, such as intrusion detection systems (IDS), to match the high throughput of today's high-bandwidth networks. Recent research has shown that the vast majority of security solutions deployed today are inadequate for processing traffic at a sufficiently high rate to keep pace with the network's bandwidth. To alleviate this problem, packet sampling schemes at the front end of network monitoring systems (such as an IDS) have been proposed. However, existing sampling algorithms are poorly suited for this task especially because they are unable to adapt to the trends in network traffic. Satisfying such a criterion requires a sampling algorithm to be capable of controlling its sampling rate to provide sufficient accuracy at minimal overhead. To meet this Utopian goal, adaptive sampling algorithms have been proposed. In this paper, we put forth an adaptive sampling algorithm based on weighted least squares prediction. The proposed sampling algorithm is tailored to enhance the capability of network based IDS at detecting denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Not only does the algorithm adaptively reduce the volume of data that would be analyzed by an IDS, but it also maintains the intrinsic self-similar characteristic of network traffic. The latter characteristic of the algorithm can be used by an IDS to detect DoS attacks by using the fact that a change in the self-similarity of network traffic is a known indicator of a DoS attack.
Bayesian Analyses of Time-interval Data for Environmental Radiation Monitoring (2012)

Time-interval (time difference between two consecutive pulses) analysis based on the principles of Bayesian inference was investigated for online radiation monitoring. Using experimental and simulated data, Bayesian analysis of time-interval data [Bayesian (ti)] was compared with Bayesian and a conventional frequentist analysis of counts in a fixed count time [Bayesian (cnt) and single interval test (SIT), respectively]. The performances of the three methods were compared in terms of average run length (ARL) and detection probability for several simulated detection scenarios. Experimental data were acquired with a DGF-4C system in list mode. Simulated data were obtained using Monte Carlo techniques to obtain a random sampling of the Poisson distribution. All statistical algorithms were developed using the R Project for statistical computing. Bayesian analysis of time-interval information provided a similar detection probability as Bayesian analysis of count information, but the authors were able to make a decision with fewer pulses at relatively higher radiation levels. In addition, for the cases with very short presence of the source (< count time), time-interval information is more sensitive to detect a change than count information since the source data is averaged by the background data over the entire count time. The relationships of the source time, change points, and modifications to the Bayesian approach for increasing detection probability are presented.
Patterning of Hyperbranched Polymer Films (2001)

This Review describes new methods for patterning functional hyperbranched poly(acrylic acid) thin polymer films. "Hyperbranched polymer" is a generic term used to describe a wide variety of polymeric materials that contain a high percentage of functional groups, that are highly branched, and that are irregular in structure. Hyperbranched polymer films (HPFs) are prepared by an iterative three-step process: activation of an acid functionalized surface, surface grafting of amine-terminated poly(tert-butyl acrylate), and hydrolysis to regenerate the acid surface. The resulting materials have a high density of acid groups, which can be functionalized with moieties that introduce interesting optical, electrochemical, biological, and mechanical properties to the films. HPFs can be patterned with micron-scale resolution using either a template-based approach or photolithography. Templates consist of self-assembled monolayers prepared by microcontact printing, whereas photolithographic patterning relies on selective hydrolysis using photoacids. Biocompatibility can be introduced by grafting a conformal layer of poly(ethylene glycol) atop the HPFs. Such patterns serve as templates for spatially segregating viable mammalian and bacterial cells. In addition to the PAA HPFs, another family of patternable HPFs consisting of dendrimers and an active anhydride copolymer is described.
A General, Rhodium‐Catalyzed, Synthesis of Deuterated Boranes and N‐Methyl Polyaminoboranes (2018)

The rhodium complex [Rh(Ph<sub>2</sub> PCH<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>2</sub> PPh<sub>2</sub> )(η<sup>6</sup> -FC<sub>6</sub> H<sub>5</sub> )][BAr<sup>F</sup><sub>4</sub> ], 2, catalyzes BH/BD exchange between D<sub>2</sub> and the boranes H<sub>3</sub> B⋅NMe<sub>3</sub> , H<sub>3</sub> B⋅SMe<sub>2</sub> and HBpin, facilitating the expedient isolation of a variety of deuterated analogues in high isotopic purities, and in particular the isotopologues of N-methylamine-borane: R<sub>3</sub> B⋅NMeR<sub>2</sub> 1-d<sub>x</sub> (R=H, D; x=0, 2, 3 or 5). It also acts to catalyze the dehydropolymerization of 1-d<sub>x</sub> to give deuterated polyaminoboranes. Mechanistic studies suggest a metal-based polymerization involving an unusual hybrid coordination insertion chain-growth/step-growth mechanism.
The modeling of forested areas for real and synthetic aperture imaging radar simulation (2002)

Provides a discussion of several procedures for generating elevation and terrain category database information for the modeling of deciduous, coniferous, and mixed forested areas. Specifically, techniques for the geometric modeling of individual pine and oak trees, based on measured or estimated location, height, and canopy diameter are presented. Techniques for randomly populating forested areas at user specified densities with individual trees are discussed. Considerable simulated imagery has been developed for both solid canopy forest and individual tree forest models. In the case of forests modeled as collections of individual trees, imagery has been developed for forests with varying tree densities. Simulated image presentations (grey level and pseudo-color) include sidelooking SAR range and ground range imagery and forward scan B-Scope and P-Scope range and ground range imagery. All modeling and simulation was accomplished using the Synthetic Aperture Reconnaissance, Tactical, And Camouflage (SARTAC) imaging radar simulation and analysis tool developed at the University of Nevada with the support of the US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (USACE/CRREL) and the US Army Corps of Engineers Waterway Experiment Station (USACE/WES).
Antibacterial Activity of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus (2013)

New compounds are needed to treat acne and superficial infections caused by Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus due to the reduced effectiveness of agents used at present. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are attracting attention as potential new topical treatments for Gram-positive infections due to their antimicrobial potency and anti-inflammatory properties. This present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of six LC-PUFAs against P. acnes and S. aureus to evaluate their potential to treat infections caused by these pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined against P. acnes and S. aureus, and the LC-PUFAs were found to inhibit bacterial growth at 32-1024 mg/L. Generally, P. acnes was more susceptible to the growth inhibitory actions of LC-PUFAs, but these compounds were bactericidal only for S. aureus. This is the first report of antibacterial activity attributed to 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (15-OHEPA) and 15-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (HETrE), while the anti-P. acnes effects of the six LC-PUFAs used herein are novel observations. During exposure to the LC-PUFAs, S. aureus cells were killed within 15-30 min. Checkerboard assays demonstrated that the LC-PUFAs did not antagonise the antimicrobial potency of clinical agents used presently against P. acnes and S. aureus. However, importantly, synergistic interactions against S. aureus were detected for combinations of benzoyl peroxide with 15-OHEPA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and HETrE; and neomycin with 15-OHEPA, DGLA, eicosapentaenoic acid, γ-linolenic acid and HETrE. In conclusion, LC-PUFAs warrant further evaluation as possible new agents to treat skin infections caused by P. acnes and S. aureus, especially in synergistic combinations with antimicrobial agents already used clinically.
Ureas and amides derived from N-(5-norbornen-2-ylmethyl) bornan-2-exo-amine with antiarrhythmic and other activities. (1988)

The synthesis of title compounds by reaction of camphor nitrimine with (5-norbornen-2-yl)methylamine, followed by NaBH4 reduction of the resulting imine to N-substituted isobornylamine (IV) and reaction of (IV) with alkyl and aryl isocyanates or acyl chlorides, is described. Some ureas and amides are endowed with antiarrhythmic activity in rats superior or comparable to that of quinidine, whereas benzamide (V o) showed an appreciable hypoglycemic activity in mice. Moreover, compounds (V) exhibited in general moderate hypotensive, bradycardic and antiinflammatory activities in rats, as well as a weak infiltration anesthesia in mice.
DELAYED INTRA-INTESTINAL PROTEASE INHIBITION DURING REPERFUSION AFTER INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA-INDUCED SHOCK SERVES TO REDUCE THE SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. (2003)

Depart. Bioengineering, The Whitaker Institute for Biomed. Eng., University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412
6th Spanish‐Portuguese‐Japanese Organic Chemistry Symposium (2013)

On the occasion of the 6th Spanish–Portuguese–Japanese Organic Chemistry Symposium (http://www.spq.pt/eventos/6SPJOCS/) organic chemists from various countries, namely, Portugal, Spain, Japan, Germany, Austria, Brazil and France, coming from both academia and industry, met at the Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, from July 18–20, 2012 to present and discuss the latest findings in the field. This was a unique opportunity to celebrate the centenary of the Portuguese Chemical Society (Sociedade Portuguesa de Química, SPQ). Thus, we are very grateful to Dr. Haymo Ross and the Editorial Board of the European Journal of Organic Chemistry for the publication, in this issue, of a set of papers dedicated to the SPQ for a century of relevant contributions to Chemistry in Portugal. We also wish to express our gratitude to the President of the SPQ, Prof. Mário Berberan-Santos for the SPQ spotlight, which includes an overview of the goals and achievements of the SPQ since its foundation. A special moment at the opening session was dedicated to paying tribute to a member of the SPQ, Prof. Bernardo Jerosch Herold, Emeritus Professor at the Instituto Superior Técnico of the Technical University of Lisbon, in recognition of his contributions to organic chemistry. His scientific career began over fifty years ago at the University of Heidelberg in Germany, where he completed his PhD under the supervision of the Nobel laureate Prof. Georg Wittig. A session was devoted to EurJOC on the first day of the symposium, and we thank Dr. Haymo Ross not only for chairing the session but also for giving a presentation about ChemPubSoc Europe and in particular about EurJOC, highlighting recent contributions of SPQ members to this journal. This event covered a unique scientific program that demonstrated the importance of organic chemistry and related topics to find innovative solutions for many problems facing modern society. The collaboration with the Spanish and the Japanese Chemical Societies (Real Sociedad Española de Química and Kinki Chemical Society, respectively) was highly appreciated, and we thank Prof. Miguel Yus (University of Alicante) and Prof. Masahiro Murakami (University of Kyoto) for their contribution to the scientific program concerning the Spanish and the Japanese speakers. We are very grateful to Prof. Nicole Moreau, past President of IUPAC, for her presentation about IUPAC and the 2011 International Year of Chemistry that had IUPAC and UNESCO at the helm of the celebration.
<title>Small-volume tissue spectroscopy using photon-density waves: apparatus and technique</title> (1999)

Optical reflectance spectroscopy of turbid media is one of promising novel techniques for diagnostics and monitoring of biological tissues. A widely used approach in the realization of this technique is the application of photon-density waves. Until recently, the frequency-domain techniques have been limited to probing relatively large volumes of tissue. Main reason for this limitation was almost exclusive use of the diffusion approximation for the interpretation of the measured data. The diffusion model becomes invalid for source-detector separations less than several transport mean free paths (approximately 5-7 mm for most of the soft tissues in the near-infrared spectral range). We have developed an inverse technique that allows data processing even at small source-detector separations. This technique is based on a frequency-domain-optiinized Monte Carlo algorithm as a light propagation model. A specially designed acceleration scheme affords using the technique as a forward method in an iterative inverse algorithm. In this paper, a description of the technique is given, and results of simulations and preliminary phantom experiments are presented.
Ultrathin graphite oxide–polyelectrolyte composites prepared by self‐assembly: Transition between conductive and non‐conductive states (1996)

Ultrathin films of graphite–polymer composites , which are required for sensors applications, are the target of the work reported here. The preparation and characterization of ultrathin films composed of self‐assembled graphite oxide (GO) platelets and polyelectrolytes are described, followed by the in situ reduction of GO to a conductive graphite‐like state (G) by chemical and electrochemical methods. Particular attention is paid to the non‐conductive to conductive transition that occurs on reduction and the behavior of incorporated CdS particles.
Impact of the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), at the Sicamous Creek research site, and the potential for semiochemical based management in alternative silviculture systems (2003)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
The Liposome-Mediated "Macrophage Suicide" Technique: A Tool to Study and Manipulate Macrophage Activities (2018)

Macrophages are multifunctional cells. They play a key role in natural and acquired host defense reactions, in homeostasis, and in the regulation of numerous biological processes. Their main tools to achieve these goals are: phagocytosis followed by intracellular digestion and production and release of soluble mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and nitric oxide. Macrophages can be found as resident cells in all organs of the body and they can be recruited to sites of inﬂammation. Their immediate precursors are monocytes, which are released in the blood circulation from the bone marrow. After some time, monocytes leave the circulation, cross the barrier formed by the walls of blood vessels, and enter into one of the organs where their ﬁnal differentiation into mature macrophages will take place.