gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Noodles (1974)

Antimicrobial effect of 25 kinds of food additives or natural materials were studied on boiled or unboiled noodles.1. Antimicrobial effect of ethyl alcohol was increased proportionally with the relative amount of ethyl alcohol to water of noodle, and the growth of bacteria was completely inhibited when the relative amount of ethyl alcohol was over about 13% (V/V) of water in noodle (boiled or unboiled).2. Antimicrobial effect on boiled or unboiled noodle was recognized when the concentration of glycine was over about 0.5% in noodle.3. Antimicrobial effect of glycine or ethyl alcohol on boiled noodle was increased by the Steam-treatment.4. Antimicrobial effects of acetic and DL-malic acids were superior among the organic acids.5. Antimicrobial effects of above mentioned and other materials were shown as "index of antimicrobial effect."6. Antimicrobial effect of combined treatment of these materials was equal to the sum of the effects of each materials.
Plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy of ZnO on c -plane sapphire: Growth and characterization (1998)

ZnO single crystal thin films were grown on c-plane sapphire using oxygen microwave plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Atomically flat oxygen-terminated substrate surfaces were obtained by pre-growth cleaning procedures involving an oxygen plasma treatment. A two dimensional nucleation during the initial growth which is followed by a morphology transition to three dimensional nucleation was observed by in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence investigations suggest that the ZnO epilayer consists of a high quality layer on top of a transition layer containing a high density of defects in the interfacial region. A full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.005° is obtained for the ZnO(0002) diffraction peak in an XRD rocking curve, while a broad tail extending from the peak can also be observed. The photoluminescence spectra exhibit dominant bound exciton emission with a FWHM of 3 meV at low temperatures and free exciton emission combined with a very weak deep level emission at room temperature. Recently, these high quality ZnO epilayers have allowed the observation of optically pumped lasing at room temperatures as well as stimulated emission up to 550 K, both of which are due to an exciton related mechanism.
A Study on LMMSE Receiver for Single Stream HSDPA MIMO Systems using Precoding Weights (2013)

최근 들어 CDMA 기반 시스템에서 고속 데이터 서비스 지원을 위한 수신 성능 개선 방법의 하나로 칩 단위에서 동작하는 선형 최소 평균 제곱 오차(LMMSE: linear minimum mean-squared error) 수신기에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 D-TxAA (dual stream transmit antenna array) 방식을 사용하는 단일 스트림(single stream) HSDPA MIMO 시스템에서 선부호화 계수(precoding weight) 적용이 LMMSE 수신기의 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 우선 D-TxAA 기반 2x2 다중입력 다중출력(MIMO: multiple input multiple output) 시스템에서 수신 신호 순간 파워 (instantaneous power)의 총 합이 최대가 되도록 하는 선부호화 계수 결정 방식을 유도할 것이다. 또한 선부호화 계수의 적용 지연 시간과 단말의 이동 속도가 LMMSE 수신기의 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해 검증하고자 한다.
Evolutionary survival strategies of the female giant panda: optimizing energy resources and expenditure prior to pregnancy by postponing corpus luteum reactivation (2022)

Abstract The giant panda reproductive physiology shows important similarities with at least six of the eight existing bear species: the occurrence of diapause and/or pseudopregnancy is commonly described in bears. Nevertheless, significant differences including the earlier breeding season with - in general - a single estrus, a shorter delay of implantation and a more variable birth season, indicate an evolutionary adaptation from the seasonal reproductive traits described in hibernating bear species. In this study we aimed to determine true pregnancy length for giant pandas and to open the discussion on the peculiarities of giant panda reproductive biology, more specifically focusing on the rationale behind their short-seasoned reproductive cycle compared to the other bear species. For this purpose, metabolic (body weight and fecal output) profiles were matched with endocrine changes, mainly urinary progesterone metabolites, in 5 pregnant, 8 non-birth and 6 pseudopregnant cycles of 6 female giant pandas. Pregnancy in giant pandas lasts only 42 days from early reactivation of the corpora lutea (CLs) until birth. In addition, our findings urged the need to redefine the generally accepted biphasic progesterone profile into a triphasic primary progesterone rise (corpus luteum dormancy (CLD) I, II and III) prior to entering the active luteal phase (= secondary progesterone rise). Two episodes of progesterone increase (CLDII: 81.20 ± 5.85 days versus CLDIII: 60.80 ± 3.83 days prior to birth for pregnant cycles) were identified, respectively corresponding to CL reactivation (74-88 days prior to birth) and implantation (± 60 days prior to birth) in other bear species. The progesterone concentration during CLDIII was higher in pregnant cycles, indicating a potential communication between maternal tissues and blastocyst(s) enhancing progesterone concentrations and thus allowing optimal priming of uterine tissues to better prepare for blastocyst reactivation/development. Compared with other bear species, giant pandas seem to shorten the active luteal phase, and thus pregnancy, by approximately 30 days by actively postponing CL reactivation. Potential mechanisms in play overruling and suppressing the evolutionary conserved photoperiodical triggers of CL reactivation are discussed while a parallel study will further elaborate on the CL dynamics during giant panda gestation.
Supplementary Figure S6 from <i>In Vivo</i> Screening Unveils Pervasive RNA-Binding Protein Dependencies in Leukemic Stem Cells and Identifies ELAVL1 as a Therapeutic Target (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S6 shows the GSEA of ELAVL1 depletion in mouse RN2c and human primary AML cells, ELAVL1 subcellular localization in mouse and human AML, the qRT-PCR of ELAVL1 targets in MS-444-treated RN2c cells, and the integrative analysis of the mouse RNA-seq and eCLIP-seq.&lt;/p&gt;
NRF2 Regulates Viability, Proliferation, Resistance to Oxidative Stress, and Differentiation of Murine Myoblasts and Muscle Satellite Cells (2022)

Increased oxidative stress can slow down the regeneration of skeletal muscle and affect the activity of muscle satellite cells (mSCs). Therefore, we evaluated the role of the NRF2 transcription factor (encoded by the <i>Nfe2l2</i> gene), the main regulator of the antioxidant response, in muscle cell biology. We used (i) an immortalized murine myoblast cell line (C2C12) with stable overexpression of NRF2 and (ii) primary mSCs isolated from wild-type and <i>Nfe2l2</i> (transcriptionally)-deficient mice (<i>Nfe2l2</i><sup>tKO</sup>). NRF2 promoted myoblast proliferation and viability under oxidative stress conditions and decreased the production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, NRF2 overexpression inhibited C2C12 cell differentiation by down-regulating the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and muscle-specific microRNAs. We also showed that NRF2 is indispensable for the viability of mSCs since the lack of its transcriptional activity caused high mortality of cells cultured in vitro under normoxic conditions. Concomitantly, <i>Nfe2l2</i><sup>tKO</sup> mSCs grown and differentiated under hypoxic conditions were viable and much more differentiated compared to cells isolated from wild-type mice. Taken together, NRF2 significantly influences the properties of myoblasts and muscle satellite cells. This effect might be modulated by the muscle microenvironment.
PROTEIN C, PROTEIN S AND THE FIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH A HISTORY OF THROMBOSIS (1987)

Consecutive patients with a history of thrombo-embolic disease (n = 241, 109 males, 132 females, mean age 46 y), referred to the Coagulation Laboratory during an 18 month period, were analysed for defects in their coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. The diagnosis of thrombosis had been verified with phlebography and that of pulmonary embolus with scintigraphy or angiography. Retinal venous thrombosis was found in 15 of the patients. In 15 cases the thrombotic episodes occurred postoperatively, in 15 during pregnancy, in 12 during the postpartum period and in 20 during use of oral contraceptives. In the remaining cases no clinical riskfactors were identified. The concentration of protein C zymogen was measured with an immunoradiometric assay. Functional protein C was determined with a clotting inhibition assay. Protein C deficiency was found in 8 cases. Two of these had a functional protein C deficiency with normal zymogen levels. The concentration of total, as well as free (not in complex with C4b-binding protein), protein S was determined with a radioimmunoassay. Two cases of protein S deficiency were detected. Three patients with antithrombin III deficiency and two with plasminogen deficiency were found. The fibrinolytic activity after venous occlusion was analysed in 216 patients. Decreased levels were found in 32 %. The concentration of tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) was measured in 110 patients and found to be increased in 65 % of the cases. In 99 patients both the fibrinolytic activity and the PAI concentration were measured. A combination of decreased fibrinolytic activity and increased levels of PAI was found in 44 cases. The concentration of tissue plasminogen activator antigen was decreased in 22 % of 105 cases analysed. Thus, in this material of patients with thrombo-embolic disease, abnormalities were found in 47 %. Defects in the fibrinolytic system were the most common findings. Protein C or protein S deficiency was diagnosed in less than 5 % of the cases.
Spontaneous generation and survival of blood dendritic cells in mononuclear cell culture without exogenous cytokines (2002)

Studies on purified blood dendritic cells (DCs) are hampered by poor viability in tissue culture. We, therefore, attempted to study some of the interactions/relationships between DCs and other blood cells by culturing unseparated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) preparations in vitro. Flow cytometric techniques were used to undertake a phenotypic and functional analysis of DCs within the cultured PBMC population. We discovered that both the CD11c(+) and CD11c(-) CD123(hi) DC subsets maintained their viability throughout the 3-day culture period, without the addition of exogenous cytokines. This viability was accompanied by progressive up-regulation of the surface costimulatory (CD40, CD80, CD86) and activation (CMRF-44, CMRF-56, CD83) molecules. The survival and apparent production of DCs in PBMC culture (without exogenous cytokines) and that of sorted DCs (with cytokines) were evaluated and compared by using TruCOUNT analysis. Absolute DC counts increased (for CD123(hi) and CD11c(+) subsets) after overnight culture of PBMCs. Single-cell lineage depletion experiments demonstrated the rapid and spontaneous emergence of "new" in vitro generated DCs from CD14(+)/CD16(+) PBMC radioresistant precursors, additional to the preexisting ex vivo DC population. Unlike monocyte-derived DCs, blood DCs increased dextran uptake with culture and activation. Finally, DCs obtained after culture of PBMCs for 3 days were as effective as freshly isolated DCs in stimulating an allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction.
Critical tensile strain and water vapor transmission rate for nanolaminate films grown using Al2O3 atomic layer deposition and alucone molecular layer deposition (2012)

Critical tensile strains (CTSs) and water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs) were measured for nanolaminate films grown on polyimide substrates using Al2O3 atomic layer deposition (ALD) and alucone molecular layer deposition (MLD). Nanolaminate composition was controlled by varying the ratio of ALD:MLD cycles during film growth. For ∼100 nm film thicknesses, the CTS obtained its highest value of ∼1.0% for the 3:1 nanolaminate. The WVTR decreased dramatically versus nanolaminate composition and reached the measurement sensitivity limit at WVTR ∼1 × 10−4 g/(m2day) for the 7:2, 5:1, and 6:1 nanolaminates. The ALD:MLD nanolaminates may be useful as flexible gas/vapor diffusion barriers on polymers.
A Comparative Evaluation of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Perfusion Imaging, and Volume Measurements in Evaluating Response to Therapy in Patient-Derived Xenografts (2013)

Most pre-clinical therapy studies use the change in tumor volume as a measure for disease response. However, tumor size measurements alone may not reflect early changes in tumor physiology that occur as a response to treatment. Ultrasonic molecular imaging (USMI) and Dynamic Contrast Enhanced-Perfusion Imaging (DCE-PI) with ultrasound are two attractive alternatives to tumor volume measurements. Since these techniques can provide information prior to the appearance of gross phenotypic changes, it has been proposed that USMI and DCE-PI could be used to characterize response to treatment earlier than traditional methods. This study evaluated the ability of tumor volume measurements, DCE-PI, and USMI to characterize response to therapy in two different types of patient-derived xenografts (known responders and known non-responders). For both responders and non-responders, 7 animals received a dose of 30 mg/kg of MLN8237, an investigational aurora-A kinase inhibitor, for 14 days or a vehicle control. Volumetric USMI (target integrin:α av β3) and DCE-PI were performed on day 0, day 2, day 7, and day 14 in the same animals. For USMI, day 2 was the earliest point at which there was a statistical difference between the untreated and treated populations in the responder cohort (Untreated: 1.20 ± 0.53 vs. Treated: 0.49 ± 0.40; p < 0.05). In contrast, statistically significant differences between the untreated and treated populations as detected using DCE-PI were not observed until day 14 (Untreated: 0.94 ± 0.23 vs. Treated: 1.31 ± 0.22; p < 0.05). Volume measurements alone suggested no statistical differences between treated and untreated populations at any readpoint. Monitoring volumetric changes is the "gold standard" for evaluating treatment in pre-clinical studies, however, our data suggests that volumetric USMI and DCE-PI may be used to earlier classify and robustly characterize tumor response.
Impact of Package Parasitics on Switching Performance (2016)

The package parasitics are a serious obstacle to the high-speed switching, which is necessary in order to reduce the switching power losses or reduce the size of power converters. In order to design new packages suitable for Silicon Carbide (SiC) power transistors, it is necessary to extract the parasitics of different packages and be able to predict the switching performance of the power devices placed in these packages. This paper presents two ways of simulating the switching performance in a half-bridge power module with SiC MOSFETs. The results show that the parasitic inductances in the power module slow down the switching, lead to poor current sharing, and together with the parasitic capacitances lead to oscillations. These negative effects can cause failures, increased losses, and electromagnetic compatibility issues.
Sex difference in the impact of smoking on left ventricular assist device outcomes (2020)

Among male patients with LVAD, active smoking was associated with higher rates of adverse events. Female patients with LVAD had a high rate of adverse events irrespective of smoking status. Gender-specific therapeutic approaches might be required to prevent LVAD-related comorbidities.
RippleFPGA (2016)

As the complexity and scale of FPGA circuits grows, resolving routing congestion becomes more important in FPGA placement. In this paper, we propose a routability-driven placement algorithm for large-scale heterogeneous FPGAs. Our proposed algorithm consists of (1) partitioning, (2) packing, (3) global placement with congestion estimation, (4) window-base legalization, and (5) routing resource-aware detailed placement. Experimental results show that our proposed approach can give routable placement results for all the benchmarks in the ISPD2016 contest and can achieve good result compared to the other wining teams of the ISPD2016 contest.
PSYCHOPHYSICS, SOFT-HAPTICS AND INFORMATION ACQUISITION FOR INTERNET-BASED ROBOTIC TELEOPERATION (2004)

This article discusses the basic ideas and the practical applications of information acquisition in relation to psychophysics theory as implemented via the Soft-Haptics concept for Internet-based robotic teleoperation systems. In specific, a study on using acoustic display for navigation applications in Internet-based robot teleoperation is presented via psychophysics tests and experimental studies of the Internet-based teleoperated robotic systems to illustrate the ideas and concepts of this paper.
Supplementary Figures 1 through 9 from SFK/FAK Signaling Attenuates Osimertinib Efficacy in Both Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Models of EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;(1) Figure S1. Sustained AKT and MAPK pathway signaling following EGFR TKI treatment in EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells. (2) Figure S2. Analysis of cells treated with TKIs after 96 hours. (3) Figure S3. HER3 reactivation after osimertinib treatment. (4) Figure S4. Combination osimertinib plus SFK inhibitor decreases SFK signaling and results in better cell growth inhibition. (5) Figure S5. Upregulation of SFKs and FAK upon EGFR inhibition in EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells. (6) Figure S6. Osimertinib compared to osimertinib plus dasatinib in an osimertinib-sensitive xenograft model. (7) Figure S7. Extracellular interactions may influence osimertinib potency. (8) Figure S8. SFK/FAK pathway inhibition most potently enhances the effects of osimertinib. (9) Figure S9. Analysis of osimertinib (AZD9291) resistant lung cancer cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Comparative Antigenicity of Recombinant Wild-Type Staphylokinase (SakSTAR) and a Selected Mutant (SakSTAR.M38) in a Baboon Thrombolysis Model (1996)

Staphylokinase, a bacterial plasminogen activator, is a potent, highly fibrin-specific but antigenic thrombolytic agent in humans. In an effort to attenuate the antigenicity of wild-type staphylokinase (SakSTAR variant), 2 of its 3 immunodominant epitopes were altered by substituting clusters of 2 or 3 charged amino acids with alanine, yielding the mutant SakSTAR.M38 (K35A, E38A, K74A, E75A, R77A), which was less antigenic in inbred New Zealand White rabbits. In the present study, groups of 6 baboons (Papio hamadryas) were randomized to SakSTAR (group 1) or SakSTAR.M38 (group 2). The thrombolytic potencies of 50 micrograms/kg compound at baseline, assessed in an extracorporeal thrombosis model, were similar: 77 +/- 2.9% (mean +/- SEM) clot lysis in group 1 and 83 +/- 3.6% in group 2. Groups 1 and 2 were immunized subcutaneously at 2, 3, and 5 weeks with 500 micrograms SakSTAR or SakSTAR.M38, respectively. From 6 weeks, group 1 developed significantly more antibody-related neutralizing activity than group 2 (maximal titer at 8 weeks of 100 +/- 23 micrograms SakSTAR and of 22 +/- 7.1 micrograms SakSTAR.M38 neutralized per milliliter of plasma, respectively). Neutralizing activities subsequently decreased gradually to 10-20% of peak values at 18 weeks. At 6 weeks, both groups were resistant to thrombolysis with 50 micrograms/kg of either compound. Rechallenge at 18 weeks with 250 micrograms/kg of the immunizing compound showed a significantly better recovery of the thrombolytic potency of SakSTAR.M38 (68 +/- 4.5% clot lysis) than of SakSTAR (39 +/- 5.3% clot lysis). Neither agent degraded fibrinogen or depleted alpha 2-antiplasmin. Therefore, SakSTAR.M38 is comparably active and fibrin-specific but less antigenic than wild-type SakSTAR. These findings in outbred primates confirm and extend earlier observations in inbred rabbits and provide a basis for the further development of staphylokinase variants with reduced antigenicity in humans.
All-Optical Emission Control and Lasing in Plasmonic Lattices (2020)

We report on reversible all-optical emission control and lasing in plasmonic nanoparticle lattices. By incorporating photochromic molecules into the liquid gain medium composed of organic fluorescent molecules, we realize all-optical control over gain and absorption, the two key parameters associated with both conventional and nanoscale lasing. We demonstrate reversible photoswitching between two distinct modes of operation: (1) spontaneous emission to the lattice mode, characterized by broad emission line width, low emission intensity, and large angular distribution; and (2) lasing action, characterized by very narrow (sub-nm) line widths due to the emergence of increased gain and temporal coherence in the system, approximately 3 orders of magnitude increase in emission intensity, and narrow 0.7° angular divergence of the beam. A rate-equation model is employed to describe the operation of the switchable plasmonic laser. Our results provide the first demonstration of optically tunable losses in plasmonic lattice lasers, which is an important milestone for the development of active plasmonics and paves the way for ultrafast all-optical switching of plasmonic nanolasers.
Unraveling endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas using integrative proteomics (2018)

<ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Background:</ns4:bold> To elucidate potential markers of endometriosis and endometriosis-associated endometrioid and clear cell ovarian carcinomas using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods:</ns4:bold> A total of 21 fresh, frozen tissues from patients diagnosed with clear cell carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, endometriosis and benign endometrium were subjected to an in-depth liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis on the Q-Exactive Plus. Protein identification and quantification were performed using MaxQuant, while downstream analyses were performed using Perseus and various bioinformatics databases. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Results:</ns4:bold> Approximately 9000 proteins were identified in total, representing the first in-depth proteomic investigation of endometriosis and its associated cancers. This proteomic data was shown to be biologically sound, with minimal variation within patient cohorts and recapitulation of known markers. While moderate concordance with genomic data was observed, it was shown that such data are limited in their abilities to represent tumours on the protein level and to distinguish tumours from their benign precursors. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Conclusions:</ns4:bold> The proteomic data suggests that distinct markers may differentiate endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma from endometriosis. These markers may be indicators of pathobiology but will need to be further investigated. Ultimately, this dataset may serve as a basis to unravel the underlying biology of the endometrioid and clear cell cancers with respect to their endometriotic origins. </ns4:p>
Growth mechanisms of surface crystallized diopside (2013)

The two glasses A and B of similar composition are melted and annealed at 870 °C for up to 20 h to initiate the surface crystallization of diopside. Phase and orientation analyses are performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Both glasses show two discernible layers of crystal growth into the bulk: while multiple phases occur in glass A only diopside is detected in the adapted glass B. The most part of crystal growth in layer 1 is subject to an orientation change of 90°. In the adapted glass B, the predominant c-axes orientations of layer 1 and 2 are orthogonal to each other. Sample deformation and specific crack patterns near the surface are described and explained by occurring tensions.
Ten‐π ‐ electron nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. VIII. Semi‐empirical calculations of chemical‐shifts of ring‐protons and of methyl‐protons (1966)

Abstract The chemical‐shifts of the ring protons and of the methyl protons of some unsub‐stituted and some methylpolyazanidenes have been calculated by a semi‐empirical method utilizing charge‐densities obtained from HMO calculations. The success of this method lies in the choice of the reference compound, pyrrocoline.