gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(Europe Section Allessandro Volta Medal) From Nanobiosensors to Scanning Bipolar Electrochemistry (2018)

Measurement of physiological relevant molecules in and at individual cells with minimal disturbance of the cellular function is a key challenge in single-cell analysis. Ad­vantages of nanoscale electrochemical probes include their high spatial and tempo­ral resolution as well as a low substrate consumption. Carbon nanoelectrodes (CNEs) with a tunable radius between a few and several hundreds of nanometres can be fabricated by pyrolytic decomposition of alkane gas in glass nanopipettes. Their needle-type shape and small size enable electro­chemical measurements inside of single living cells. Two potential applications of CNEs namely for the design of nanometer-sized amperometric biosensors, and as the basis for gate-modulated reduced graphene oxide based transistors are presented. However, the probability that a nanosensor is positioned close to a release site is tiny. Hence, we propose to combine scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) with bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) as a new approach to image heterogeneous electrochemical surface processes. The core of the system is a closed bipolar electrochemistry configuration comprising as the bipolar electrode (BPE) a microelectrode as SECM tip (cathodic pole of the BPE) connected with a microelectrode tip (anodic pole of the BPE) in the second half cell. Reduction processes enabled by a suitably applied feeder electrode voltage difference at the SECM tip in the sample generation/tip collection mode are transduced into an optical read-out e.g. electrochemiluminescence at the other pole which is visualized with a high sensitive CCD camera. Evidently, this configuration can be extended to multi-barrel SECM tips thus being able to simultaneously visualize the release of compounds at multiple locations while positioning the multi-barrel microelectrode above a release site of interest. Acknowledgement : All coworkers who have contributed to this research are acknowledged namely Jan Clausmeyer, Vera Eßmann, Carla Santana Santos, Tsvetan Tarnec, Thomas Erichsen, Miriam Marquitan, Patrick Wilde, Thomas Quast, Corina Andronescu, Federica Mariani. The author is grateful to the project "Graphtivity" funded in the framework of the FLAG-ERA Joint Transnational Call (JTC) 2015 (Graphene Flagship) and the Deutsche Forschung­gemeinschaft in the framework of the cluster of excellence RESOLV (EXc1069).
Silicon millimeter-wave circuits for receivers and transmitters (2003)

Two silicon monolithic circuits, a 90-GHz-band monolithic integrated Schottky diode receiver fabricated on a highly insulating silicon substrate, and a planar W-band oscillator, hybrid integrated on a highly insulating silicon substrate with double drift region IMPATT diodes, are presented. The receiver consists of the monolithic Schottky diode and a planar antenna structure on one silicon chip. The receiver sensitivity is 65 mu W/cm. The receiver antenna half-power beamwidth is 23 degrees and the side-lobe attenuation is 12 dB. The continuous-wave oscillator output power is greater than 20 mW and the efficiency is more than 1%. The hybrid IMPATT oscillators show good characteristics for low current densities. However, for higher current densities bias oscillations occur and the microwave power nearly vanishes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[Evaluation of the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in dairy cattle using ultrasound]. (2007)

The aim of this study was to determine signs of subclinical endometritis found by ultrasound that are associated with reduced fertility in dairy cows. The maximum diameter of the uterine lumen was determined by ultrasound in 324 cows without clinical signs of endometritis after evaluation of the genital tract 21 to 27 days postpartum. Cows were classified into healthy or with subclinical endometritis by three threshold values for the maximum uterine lumen diameter of 0.2 cm, 0.5 cm or 0.8 cm. Examinations by rectal palpation and ultrasound as well as classifications were repeated 14 days later. In addition, ovaries were scanned by ultrasound to determine the stage of the estrous cycle. In a subgroup of 103 cows the echotexture of the uterus and its contents was evaluated. In these cows the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis was performed by a scoring system. The diameter of the uterine lumen was significantly affected by stage of the estrous cycle at the time of examination. However, no effects were found for the stage of the cycle at the time of examination on subsequent reproductive performance. A uterine lumen with a maximum diameter of more than 0.2 cm showed a significant negative association with conception rate and proportion of cows pregnant. Classification based on higher threshold values did not reveal an association with reproductive performance. Echogenic content in the uterus also decreased reproductive performance. A classification based on the echotexture of the uterus and its contents revealed significant differences between healthy cows and cows with subclinical endometritis regarding the proportion of cows inseminated and pregnant. The results of this study showed that the diagnostic of bovine endometritis should be broadend by ultrasonography. The definition of subclinical endometritis diagnosed by means of ultrasonography has to be evaluated in further studies.
Numerical Evaluation of A Methanol Fueled Directly-Injected Engine (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A numerical study on the combustion of Methanol in a directly injected (DI) engine was conducted. The study considers the effect of the bowl-in-piston (BIP) geometry, swirl ratio (SR), and relative equivalence ratio (λ), on flame propagation and burn rate of Methanol in a 4-stroke engine. Ignition-assist in this engine was accomplished by a spark plug system.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Numerical simulations of two different BIP geometries were considered. Combustion characteristics of Methanol under swirl and no-swirl conditions were investigated. In addition, the amount of injected fuel was varied in order to determine the effect of stoichiometry on combustion. Only the compression and expansion strokes were simulated. The results show that fuel-air mixing, combustion, and flame propagation was significantly enhanced when swirl was turned on. This resulted in a higher peak pressure in the cylinder, and more heat loss through the cylinder walls. In addition, the results indicate that when a stoichiometric mixture was used, incomplete combustion occurred.&lt;/div&gt;
Closures for Multi-Component Reacting Flows based on Dispersion Analysis (2021)

This work presents algebraic closure models associated with advective transport and nonlinear reactions in a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes context for a system of species subject to binary reactions and transport by advection and diffusion. Expanding upon analysis originally developed for non-reactive transport in the context of Taylor dispersion of scalars, this work extends the modified gradient diffusion model explicated by Peters (Turbulent Combustion, 2000) and based on work by Corrsin (JFM, vol. 11, p.407-416) beyond single-component transport phenomena and involving nonlinear reactions. The presented model forms, from this weakly-nonlinear extension of the original dispersion theory, lead to an analytic expression for the eddy diffusivity matrix that explicitly captures the influence of the reaction kinetics on the closure operators. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the derived model form directly translates between flow topologies through a priori and a posteriori testing of a binary species system subject to homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Using two- and three-dimensional direct numerical simulations involving laminar and turbulent flows, it is shown that this framework improves prediction of mean quantities compared to previous results. Lastly, the presented model form, collapses to the earlier gradient diffusion and its modified version derived by Corrsin in the limits of non-reactive species and linear reactions, respectively.
Supplementary Figure from Intratumoral Electroporation of Plasmid Encoded IL12 and Membrane-Anchored Anti-CD3 Increases Systemic Tumor Immunity (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Intratumoral Electroporation of Plasmid Encoded IL12 and Membrane-Anchored Anti-CD3 Increases Systemic Tumor Immunity
Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) of Meteorological Time Series Data for Billy Barr, East River, Colorado USA (2021)

A comprehensive Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) statistical framework consists of three major phases: Phase 1—Preliminary raw data sets exploration, including time formatting and combining datasets of different lengths and different time intervals; Phase 2—QA of the datasets, including detecting and flagging of duplicates, outliers, and extreme values; and Phase 3—the development of time series of a desired frequency, imputation of missing values, visualization and a final statistical summary. The time series data collected at the Billy Barr meteorological station (East River Watershed, Colorado) were analyzed. The developed statistical framework is suitable for both real-time and post-data-collection QA/QC analysis of meteorological datasets.The files that are in this data package include one excel file, converted to CSV format (Billy_Barr_raw_qaqc.csv) that contains the raw meteorological data, i.e., input data used for the QA/QC analysis. The second CSV file (Billy_Barr_1hr.csv) is the QA/QC and flagged meteorological data, i.e., output data from the QA/QC analysis. The last file (QAQC_Billy_Barr_2021-03-22.R) is a script written in R that implements the QA/QC and flagging process. The purpose of the CSV data files included in this package is to provide input and output files implemented in the R script.
Multipurpose Smart Cards in Transportation: Benefits and Barriers to Use (2000)

Smart cards are the technology that allows certain functions to occur. Although the technology evolved in the 1980's, it was only used for simple functions like pay phones. In the last decade, there has been a rapid increase in the use and scope of smart cards. Smart cards have been used to hold health records, allow electronic signatures and act as electronic purses.
The SSU processome interactome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals novel protein subcomplexes (2017)

Ribosome assembly is an evolutionarily conserved and energy intensive process required for cellular growth, proliferation, and maintenance. In yeast, assembly of the small ribosomal subunit (SSU) requires approximately 75 assembly factors that act in coordination to form the SSU processome, a 6 MDa ribonucleoprotein complex. The SSU processome is required for processing, modifying, and folding the preribosomal RNA (rRNA) to prepare it for incorporation into the mature SSU. Although the protein composition of the SSU processome has been known for some time, the interaction network of the proteins required for its assembly has remained poorly defined. Here, we have used a semi-high-throughput yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay and coimmunoprecipitation validation method to produce a high-confidence interactome of SSU processome assembly factors (SPAFs), providing essential insight into SSU assembly and ribosome biogenesis. Further, we used glycerol density-gradient sedimentation to reveal the presence of protein subcomplexes that have not previously been observed. Our work not only provides essential insight into SSU assembly and ribosome biogenesis, but also serves as an important resource for future investigations into how defects in biogenesis and assembly cause congenital disorders of ribosomes known as ribosomopathies.
Adaptive Quantum Optics with Spatially Entangled Photon Pairs (2018)

Light shaping facilitates the preparation and detection of optical states and underlies many applications in communications, computing, and imaging. In this Letter, we generalize light shaping to the quantum domain. We show that patterns of phase modulation for classical laser light can also shape higher orders of spatial coherence, allowing deterministic tailoring of high-dimensional quantum entanglement. By modulating spatially entangled photon pairs, we create periodic, topological, and random patterns of quantum illumination, without effect on intensity. We then structure the quantum illumination to simultaneously compensate for entanglement that has been randomized by a scattering medium and to characterize the medium's properties via a quantum measurement of the optical memory effect. The results demonstrate fundamental aspects of spatial coherence and open the field of adaptive quantum optics.
Livestock handling and transport. (2000)

<title>Abstract</title> Welfare, behaviour and stress during handling and transport of cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, deer and poultry, are discussed in 20 chapters of the book.
P4‐210: THE DEMENTIA CONSORTIUM: AN INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIP MODEL TO ACCELERATE DRUG DISCOVERY (2014)

There is an urgent need to identify and validate new drug targets to enable the development of new treatments for the different dementias. It is generally assumed that research into the former will largely come from academics and that the latter is largely undertaken by the Pharma/Biotech industries. For this process to be fully realised, efficient links are required between these two sectors, with thorough target validation as a potential bottleneck which may fall in between both. Conventional sources of academic research funding may not necessarily provide for this area sufficiently whilst industry research may not be in a position to take up potential new targets at a very early stage. To address this gap, we sought to build a consortium encompassing the interests of both parties. The framework of the Consortium was devised between Alzheimer's Research UK, a funder which primarily funds academic dementia research, two Pharma companies (Eli Lilly and Eisai) and Medical Research Council-Technology, a technology-transfer organisation with in-house facilities for therapeutics discovery. Although the nature of the Consortium is essentially pre-competitive, mechanisms were required to accommodate arrangements beyond certain pre-agreed milestones. A flexible approach was also necessary to facilitate experimental work plans which could include third party or contract research organisations. A global initiative has been established and launched as the Dementia Consortium (http://www.dementiaconsortium.org) which will provide funding, resources and guidance to academics worldwide for early-stage target validation coupled to drug discovery research as well as provide partnership opportunities for further drug development. The model is flexible to accommodate additional industry partners. It is hoped that the Dementia Consortium will expedite the translation of academic research into patient benefit through the development of new treatments. Success will depend upon a positive response from the academic community, and a willingness to engage in a new research funding model.
Cooperative Caching with Keep-Me and Evict-Me (2005)

Cooperative caching seeks to improve memory system performance by using compiler locality hints to assist hardware cache decisions. In this paper, the compiler suggests cache lines to keep or evict in set-associative caches. A compiler analysis predicts data that will be and will not be reused, and annotates the corresponding memory operations with a keep-me or evict-me hint. The architecture maintains these hints on a cache line and only acts on them on a cache miss. Evict-me caching prefers to evict lines marked evict-me. Keep-me caching retains keep-me lines if possible. Otherwise, the default replacement algorithm evicts the least-recently-used (LRU) line in the set. This paper introduces the keep-me hint, the associated compiler analysis, and architectural support. The keep-me architecture includes very modest ISA support, replacement algorithms, and decay mechanisms that avoid retaining keep-me lines indefinitely. Our results are mixed for our implementation of keep-me, but show it has potential. We combine keep-me and evict-me from previous work, but find few additive benefits due to limitations in our compiler algorithm, which only applies each independently rather than performing a combined analysis.
Preparation and Application of Nanoemulsions in the Last Decade (2000–2010) (2012)

An emulsion is a system containing two immiscible phases: a dispersed phase and a continuous phase. Components needed to prepare an emulsion are oil, water, surfactant, and energy. The nature of surfactant determines the type of emulsion (oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O)). A nanoemulsion is an emulsion with 20–200 nm droplet size. The required energy to form a nanoemulsion can be obtained from a mechanical device (high-energy emulsification) or from the chemical potential of the components (low-energy emulsification). High-energy emulsification consists of high-pressure homogenization (HPH), ultrasonication, and microfluidization and low-energy emulsification consists of phase inversion temperature (PIT), phase inversion composition (PIC), and solvent diffusion. O/W nanoemulsions have been studied more than W/O nanoemulsions and the preparation of nanoemulsions with high-energy emulsification is more reported than low-energy emulsification. The small droplet size of a nanoemulsion enhances the emulsion stability; therefore, nanoemulsions have various applications in the industrial field, such as personal care and cosmetics as well as health care, food, and agrochemicals. Pharmacy and cosmetics are fields where more direct applications of nanoemulsions are proposed.
The association between the public reporting of individual operator outcomes with patient profiles, procedural management, and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: an observational study from the Pan-London PCI (BCIS) Registry using an interrupted time series analysis (2019)

The introduction of public reporting has been associated with an improvement in outcomes after PCI in this data set, without evidence of risk-averse behaviour. However, the lower reported complication rates might suggest a change in operator behaviour and decision-making confirming the need for continued surveillance of the impact of public reporting on outcomes and operator behaviour.
Pedestrian Navigation Using Foot-Mounted Inertial Sensor and LIDAR (2016)

Foot-mounted inertial sensors can be used for indoor pedestrian navigation. In this paper, to improve the accuracy of pedestrian location, we propose a method using a distance sensor (LIDAR) in addition to an inertial measurement unit (IMU). The distance sensor is a time of flight range finder with 30 m measurement range (at 33.33 Hz). Using a distance sensor, walls on corridors are automatically detected. The detected walls are used to correct the heading of the pedestrian path. Through experiments, it is shown that the accuracy of the heading is significantly improved using the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the system is shown to work robustly in indoor environments with many doors and passing people.
Zanjas Circundantes: Obras de Tierra Monumentales de Baures en la Amazonia Bolivia (2008)

Unpublished manuscript.
The difficult diagnosis of pulmonary vascular disease in heart failure (2016)

In this issue of the European Respiratory Journal ( ERJ ), Gerges et al. [1] propose an interesting refinement of the diagnosis of pulmonary vascular disease in patients with left heart failure. The problem is of importance. Left heart disease with increased pulmonary venous pressure, abbreviated as LHD in recent reviews and guidelines, is by far the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) [2–4]. Furthermore, up to 80% of patients with heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction and/or mitral or aortic valve diseases are exposed to the eventual development of PH with associated worsened symptomology and decreased survival [2–4]. A step forward in the diagnosis of pulmonary vascular disease in patients with left heart failure <http://ow.ly/kR47300mzcf>
Deposition Kinetics of Particles at a Solid Surface Governed by the Ballistic Deposition Model (1998)

The deposition kinetics of polymeric microspheres (average diameter 8.742 μm, density 1.50 g·cm-3) on smooth silica plates was determined experimentally. The measurements were carried out in a sedimentation cell using a direct microscope observation technique supplemented by the image analysis. The experimental data were interpreted in terms of the ballistic deposition (BD) model, where the irreversibility of the adsorption is assumed. It was found that both deposition kinetics and the jamming coverage (determined to be 0.60 ± 0.02) were in quantitative agreement with the BD model. Our experimental data constitute, therefore, a direct proof of the validity of this model for characterizing particle deposition processes driven by a strong gravitational force field.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Antitumor Agents. Part 44. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of New Classes of Diacridines: Importance of Linker Chain Rigidity for DNA Binding Kinetics and Biological Activity. (1986)

Abstract Die aus (I) und (II) erhaltenen Diacridine (III) 74 werden auf DNA‐Bindung sowie Wirkung gegen L12lO‐ und P388‐Leukämie geprüft.
Extending the search for folk personality constructs: The dimensionality of the personality-relevant proverb domain. (2002)

College students (95 men and 264 women) rated how well 211 familiar proverbs described their behavior and beliefs. A factor analysis of these data yielded 7 major dimensions; many of the factors were similar to recognized lexical personality factors. Big Five Conscientiousness and Neuroticism were each strongly associated with a single proverb dimension (interpreted as Restraint and Enjoys Life, respectively). Big Five Agreeableness, Extraversion, and Intellect/Imagination were all associated with several proverb dimensions. Agreeableness was most strongly associated with proverb dimensions representing Machiavellian behavior and strong Group Ties, and both Extraversion and Intellect showed particularly notable associations with an Achievement Striving dimension. The 2 remaining proverb dimensions, which represented a belief that Life is Fair and an attitude of Cynicism, could not be accounted for by the Big Five.
Concepções pessoais de competência: Perspectivas, avaliação e estudos (2014)

Apresentação do número.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v20i2.386
Machine Learning Migration for Efficient Near-Data Processing (2021)

Machine Learning (ML) rises as a highly useful tool to analyze the vast amount of data generated in every field of science nowadays. Simultaneously, data movement inside computer systems gains more focus due to its high impact an time and energy consumption. In this context, the Near-Data Processing (NDP) architectures emerged as a prominent solution to increasing data by drastically reducing the required amount of data movement For NDP, we see three main approaches, Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), full Central Processing Units (CPUs) and Graphics Processing Units (GPIIs), or vector units integration. However, previous work considered only ASICs, CPUs and GPUs when executing ML algorithms inside the memory. In this paper, we present an approach to execute ML algorithms near-data, using a general-purpose vector architecture and applying near-data parallelism to kernels from KNN, MEP, and CNN algorithms. To facilitate this process, we also present an NDP intrinsics library to ease the evaluation and debugging tasks. Our results show speedups up to fox for KNN, 11× for MLP, and 3× for convolution when processing near-data compared to a high-performance ×86 baseline.