gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural and Immunocytochemical Characterization of the Bone-Single Crystal Sapphire Implant Interface in the Rat Maxilla (1996)

To evaluate the suitability of a new implant animal model, we examined the host response to single crystal sapphire implant into the rat maxilla socket and characterized the regenerating tissue-implant interface using a combination of morphological and immunocytochemical approaches. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation, animals were sacrificed and tissues processed for morphological or immunocytochemical studies. Results demonstrated that nonmineralized connective tissue was present between bone and the implant surface. However, in some situations at 8 weeks, direct bone contact was observed. Electron microscopy revealed that the interface between the implant and the regenerating tissues was characterized by the presence of either cells or an intervening extracellular matrix layer that had a variable appearance and thickness.The bone-implant interface was immunoreactive for osteopontin. The rat maxilla socket implant model, due to its ease of management and its similarities to other previous experimental animal models, seems to be useful for some specific implant experimental studies.
Frontiers of synchrophasor solutions deployment (2017)

The utility industry at large has made significant investments in deployment of production grade Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS) and synchrophasor technology in recent years, with now well over 4,000 Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) globally. Some of early real-time PMU applications and visualization being deployed at utility and ISO control rooms include angular separation, oscillatory stability monitoring, islanding, disturbance detection and or voltage stability monitoring applications. While the industry-at-large, foresees the promise that synchrophasors and WAMS hold in modernizing the power grid, and shaping the generation Energy Management Systems, there are some common take-always from these early WAMS installations. This paper summarizes ongoing efforts at Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) including a state-of-art Proof of Concept (POC) facility that has been engineered for validating and maturing innovative applications such as PMU-based Real-Time Voltage Instability Indicator (RVII) and Linear State Estimation (LSE) before the applications can be rolled out into the control room. Some of the applications that have been introduced through the POC facility at PG&E are all now available for System Planners, Operational Engineering, and real-time operation use. The paper also describes some of the advances made in overcoming hurdles that had been identified and roadmap to addressing them.
Online real-time scheduled model predictive feedforward control for impounded river reaches applied to the Moselle river (2016)

The automatic management of impounded rivers ensures easy and safe navigation implying the realization of two contradicting control goals. These are a steady water level at the ship locks and under bridges as well as the attenuation of discharge transients. The operational local gain scheduled PI based control solution used in Moselle river barrages can only guarantee a steady water level at the cost of propagating and amplifying discharge disturbances from reach to reach. To remedy this behavior, a linear model predictive feedforward control method for constant discharge setpoints is available. This paper analyzes the changing dynamics of the Moselle reaches at different setpoints and proposes an online scheduled linear model predictive feedforward approach to cover all practically relevant discharge setpoints. To maintain real time capability, simple control models based on linearized and discretized Saint-Venant equations are conveniently identified using existing high precision models. Together with few intuitive parameters, a global control solution for all relevant setpoints is presented. The performance of the presented control solution is asserted by simulation experiments on verified high precision models.
Transcriptional regulation of the apoC-III gene by insulin in diabetic mice: correlation with changes in plasma triglyceride levels. (1994)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with elevated plasma triglyceride levels that normalize after insulin administration. The observation that overexpression of the apoC-III gene in transgenic mice can cause hypertriglyceridemia and other evidence implicating apoC-III in the regulation of triglyceride levels prompted us to examine whether apoC-III might be involved in the hypertriglyceridemia associated with IDDM. To this end, the regulation of apoC-III gene expression was studied in the streptozotocin-treated mouse model of IDDM. In the insulin-deficient diabetic state, these mice have elevated glucose and triglyceride levels and a 1.4- to 1.5-fold increase in hepatic apoC-III mRNA levels, by Northern analysis as well as quantitative solution hybridization RNase protection assay. Insulin treatment normalized the glucose and triglyceride levels and diminished hepatic apoC-III mRNA levels by 59%. Analysis of transcription rates using the nuclear run-on technique demonstrated that the changes in hepatic apoC-III mRNA levels were the results of changes in the transcriptional activity of the gene. To determine the role of insulin in the regulation of apoC-III transcription, HepG2 cells were transfected with an apoC-III reporter construct, and treated with different insulin concentrations. The results demonstrated that insulin treatment induced a dose-dependent down-regulation of apoC-III transcriptional activity. These data suggest that the apoC-III transcriptional changes seen in animals are caused by differences in insulin concentrations. Assuming that apoC-III mRNA levels reflect the synthesis and secretion of the protein, these results present the possibility that overexpression of the apoC-III gene could contribute to the hypertriglyceridemia observed in IDDM.
Defining the optimal plasmacytoid dendritic cell graft source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2016)

Abstract Purpose Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can cure patients with blood disorders and malignancies. Stem cell source can be bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood mobilized by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) reduce the incidence and severity of GvHD. The BMT CTN 0201 study indicates overall survival, relapse, and the incidence of acute GvHD are similar in patients that receive BM versus G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood (G-PB) grafts, but increased incidence of chronic GvHD in patients who receive G-PB grafts. To explore the effect of graft source on the functional properties of pDC, we compared the effect of G-CSF mobilized pDC to BM pDC in the regulation of GvHD in a murine allogeneic HSCT model. Methods 1) Expression of surface markers on BM and G-CSF treated pDC were assessed by flow cytometry. 2) We performed an HSCT from C57BL/6 mice into B10.BR recipients. Groups include HSC only, HSC + T cells, and HSC + T cells + BM pDC or G-CSF mobilized pDC. Hematopoietic chimerism, GvHD, and overall survival were assessed. Results 1) BM pDC express CCR9 (marker for tolerogenic pDC) and CD62L at a higher frequency, suggesting enhanced homing to the gut, thymus, and lymph nodes. G-CSF mobilized pDC express maturational markers MHC II and CD86 at a higher frequency, suggesting effectiveness in activating T cells. 2) Mice that received transplants consisting of only HSC rejected the transplant. Mice that received transplants with T cells had greater than 90% donor hematopoietic cells. GvHD more than 40 days post transplant was highest in mice that received G-CSF mobilized pDC. Survival without pDC was under 60%. Groups that received pDC had an overall survival of greater than 80%.
InGaN/GaN Multiquantum-Well Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetectors With Beta-${\rm Ga}_{2}{\rm O}_{3}$ Cap Layers (2012)

InGaN/GaN multiquantum-well (MQW) metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors with a beta-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> cap layer formed by the furnace oxidation of a GaN epitaxial layer are fabricated and characterized. The beta-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> cap layer is found to suppress the reverse leakage current by at least about two orders of magnitude with a 5-V applied bias because it creates a thicker and higher potential barrier. The reverse leakage current can be further reduced and a 90-fold larger ultraviolet-to-visible rejection ratio can be achieved by using InGaN/GaN MQW layers, which confine the electron-hole pairs generated by lower-energy photons. In addition, the noise level is reduced and detectivity is increased. With a 5-V applied bias, the noise-equivalent power and normalized detectivity are 8.4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-13</sup> W and 7.9 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sup> W <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , respectively.
MicroRNA miR‐8 regulates multiple growth factor hormones produced from Drosophila fat cells (2014)

Metabolic organs such as the liver and adipose tissue produce several peptide hormones that influence metabolic homeostasis. Fat bodies, the Drosophila counterpart of liver and adipose tissues, have been thought to analogously secrete several hormones that affect organismal physiology, but their identity and regulation remain poorly understood. Previous studies have indicated that microRNA miR-8, functions in the fat body to non-autonomously regulate organismal growth, suggesting that fat body-derived humoral factors are regulated by miR-8. Here, we found that several putative peptide hormones known to have mitogenic effects are regulated by miR-8 in the fat body. Most members of the imaginal disc growth factors and two members of the adenosine deaminase-related growth factors are up-regulated in the absence of miR-8. Drosophila insulin-like peptide 6 (Dilp6) and imaginal morphogenesis protein-late 2 (Imp-L2), a binding partner of Dilp, are also up-regulated in the fat body of miR-8 null mutant larvae. The fat body-specific reintroduction of miR-8 into the miR-8 null mutants revealed six peptides that showed fat-body organ-autonomous regulation by miR-8. Amongst them, only Imp-L2 was found to be regulated by U-shaped, the miR-8 target for body growth. However, a rescue experiment by knockdown of Imp-L2 indicated that Imp-L2 alone does not account for miR-8's control over the insect's growth. Our findings suggest that multiple peptide hormones regulated by miR-8 in the fat body may collectively contribute to Drosophila growth.
Hybrid Pu/Synthetic Talc/Organic Clay Ternary Nanocomposites: Thermal, Mechanical and Morphological Properties (2018)

Polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites filled with inorganic particles, aiming at the improvement of mechanical and thermal properties, are well known. Unlike previous work we describe here the combination of two fillers, synthetic talc (silico-metallic mineral particles-SSMMP) with distinct hydrothermal processes (SSMMP 7 h and 24 h) and organically-modified commercial clay (SPR), aiming towards development of new polyurethane ternary nanocomposites by in situ polymerisation. Fillers were added 3 wt.% of the mass of pristine polymer, with a ranging of weight proportions (75:25/25:75) of SSMMP and SPR. Results were compared to those for nanocomposites containing pure SSMMP and SPR fillers. Dispersion degrees and filler interactions with the polyurethane matrix were followed by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM and AFM techniques. Results showed that the fillers presented a good dispersion and were exfoliated/ well dispersed in the polyurethane matrix. Thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites were evaluated in comparison to the binary nanocomposites (PU/SSMMP 7 h, PU/SSMMP 24 h and PU/ SPR). All nanocomposites presented superior values of Young's modulus to that of pristine PU. Results evidenced that the blend of SSMMP and SPR fillers is an interesting strategy to improve thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites.
Seven Reversible Redox Processes in a Self-Assembled Cobalt Pentanuclear Bis(triple-stranded helicate): Structural, Spectroscopic, and Magnetic Characterizations in the CoICoII4, CoII5, and CoII3CoIII2 Redox States (2020)

We report on the synthesis and structural characterization of the cobalt pentanuclear helicate complex from the rigid tetradentate bis(2-pyridyl)-3,5-pyrazolate ligand bpp<sup>-</sup>, namely, [{Co<sup>II</sup>(μ-bpp)<sub>3</sub>}<sub>2</sub>Co<sup>II</sup><sub>3</sub>(μ<sub>3</sub>-OH)]<sup>3+</sup> (<b>1</b><sup><b>3+</b></sup>), in which a trinuclear {Co<sup>II</sup><sub>3</sub>(μ<sub>3</sub>-OH)} core is wrapped by two {Co<sup>II</sup>(μ-bpp)<sub>3</sub>} units. The cyclic voltammogram of <b>1</b><sup><b>3+</b></sup> in CH<sub>3</sub>CN revealed seven successive reversible one-electron waves, in the 0 and -3.0 V potential range, highlighting the remarkable stability of such architecture in several redox states. Two mixed-valent states of this complex, the two-electron-oxidized Co<sup>II</sup><sub>3</sub>Co<sup>III</sup><sub>2</sub> (<b>1<sup>5+</sup></b>) and the one-electron-reduced species Co<sup>I</sup>Co<sup>II</sup><sub>4</sub> (<b>1<sup>2+</sup></b>), were generated by bulk electrolyses and successfully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction among the eight redox levels between Co<sup>I</sup><sub>5</sub> and Co<sup>II</sup><sub>3</sub>Co<sup>III</sup><sub>2</sub> that can be accessed under electrochemical conditions. Because of the crystallographic characterization of <b>1</b><sup><b>5+</b></sup> and <b>1</b><sup><b>2+</b></sup>, the five reduction processes located at <i>E</i><sub>1/2</sub> values of -1.63 (<b>1</b><sup><b>3+</b>/<b>2+</b></sup>), -1.88 (<b>1</b><sup><b>2+</b>/<b>+</b></sup>), -2.14 (<b>1</b><sup><b>+</b>/<b>0</b></sup>), -2.40 (<b>1</b><sup><b>0</b>/-</sup>), and -2.60 V (<b>1</b><sup><b><b>-</b>/<b>2-</b></b></sup>) versus Ag/AgNO<sub>3</sub> were unambiguously assigned to the successive reduction of each of the five Co(II) ions to Co(I), starting with the three ions located in the central core followed by the two apical ions. The two other redox events at <i>E</i><sub>1/2</sub> values of -0.21 (<b>1</b><sup><b>4+</b>/<b>3+</b></sup>) and -0.11 V (<b>1</b><sup><b>5+</b>/4<b>+</b></sup>) are assigned to the successive oxidation of the apical Co(II) ions to Co(III). The Co(I) complexes are rare, and the stabilization of a Co(I) within a trinuclear μ-hydroxo core in the reduced species, <b>1</b><sup><b>2+</b></sup>, <b>1</b><sup><b>+</b></sup>, <b>1</b><sup><b>0</b></sup>, <b>1</b><sup><b>-</b></sup>, and <b>1</b><sup><b>2-</b></sup>, is probably the result of the particular structure of this complex in the presence of the two apical sites that maintain the trinuclear core through the six bridging bpp<sup>-</sup> ligands. The spectroscopic characteristics of <b>1</b><sup><b>2+</b></sup>, <b>1</b><sup><b>3+</b></sup>, and <b>1</b><sup><b>5+</b></sup> (ultraviolet-visible and X-band electron paramagnetic resonance) are also described as well as their magnetic properties in the solid state.
A Step Closer Toward Maintenance-Free Gear (2011)

A difficult-to-predict electrical failure is the continuity failure. Pressure junctions are common problem sources for continuity failures. Available tools to search for pressure-junction problems include low-resistance testing, temperature monitoring using physical contact between sensor and heated part, pyrometer temperature monitoring, infrared photography, and visual inspection. While each method is effective, each of these methods has one or more disadvantages. This paper will describe a breakthrough patented method of directly calculating conductor and pressure-junction impedance, resistance, and reactance using the noisy harmonic-laden switching-transient-laced (in other words, normal) load current flowing through an electrical distribution system. This technique then provides the solution to the problem of how to detect a conductor-path-impedance change of only a few tens of micro-ohms using conventional protective and metering devices without the need to de-energize the equipment or without the need to inject currents.
Pursuit of optimal synthetic conditions for obtaining colloidal zero-valent iron nanoparticles by scanning pulsed laser ablation in liquids (2019)

Liquid-Assisted Pulsed Laser Ablation (LA-PLA) is a promising top-down method to directly synthesize colloidal dispersions of nanoparticles in a eco-friendly manner. However, the role of LA-PLA synthesis parameters is not yet fully agreed. This work seeks to optimize the production of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles suitable for biomedical or environmental applications using nanosecond LA-PLA on iron targets with different ablation media, laser and target scanning parameters. The use of alcohols as solvents produces iron-iron oxide core-shell nanoparticles with amorphous cores, except for a small crystalline fraction corresponding to the biggest core sizes. Decreasing carbon chain length and complexity leads to a thinning of the carbonaceous material coatings and an increase of the colloidal stability and the nanoparticle productivity. Moreover, a decrease of solvent density and surface tension allows obtaining reduced sizes and polydispersity values. Among, laser and scanning parameters, the pulse accumulation per spot displayed a clear effect in boosting size and productivity. As main outcome, aqueous dispersions with suitable colloidal properties are obtained, either by transferring to water of optimized nZVI particles produced in ethanol, or by direct formation of nZVI particles and in situ coating with hydrophilic molecules in aqueous solutions of these molecules.
Shelf life modelling for first-expired-first-out warehouse management (2014)

In the supply chain of perishable food products, large losses are incurred between farm and fork. Given the limited land resources and an ever-growing population, the food supply chain is faced with the challenge of increasing its handling efficiency and minimizing post-harvest food losses. Huge value can be added by optimizing warehouse management systems, taking into account the estimated remaining shelf life of the product, and matching it to the requirements of the subsequent part of the handling chain. This contribution focuses on how model approaches estimating quality changes and remaining shelf life can be combined in optimizing first-expired-first-out cold chain management strategies for perishable products. To this end, shelf-life-related performance indicators are used to introduce remaining shelf life and product quality in the cost function when optimizing the supply chain. A combinatorial exhaustive-search algorithm is shown to be feasible as the complexity of the optimization problem is sufficiently low for the size and properties of a typical commercial cold chain. The estimated shelf life distances for a particular batch can thus be taken as a guide to optimize logistics.
A Σ∆ ADC with Noise-shaping VCO Quantizer and DEM Circuit (2007)

A combined 5-bit, 1st order noise-shaped quantizer and dynamic element matching (DEM) circuit running at 950 MHz based on a multi-phase voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is presented. This quantizer structure is the key element in a 3rd-order noise-shaped analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with 2nd order loop dynamics and a single op-amp. Figure 1 shows the basic operation of the multi-phase VCO-based quantizer. In this circuit, the VCO integrates an input voltage into a phase, and a digital quantizing register captures the phase state of the VCO. The quantization is particularly efficient due to the digital form of the ring oscillator. When the quantized phase is differentiated, a digital output proportional to the input voltage results. However, because the quantization error is also differentiated, the VCO-quantizer achieves first-order noise-shaping. To improve the linearity and quantization noise performance of the converter, a sigma-delta feedback loop is formed with secondorder loop dynamics. Figure 2 shows a simplified block diagram of this architecture. Interestingly, the rotation of the VCO phase can be utilized to perform dynamic element matching on the feedback DAC elements.
Metabolism of Ibuprofen by Phragmites australis: Uptake and Phytodegradation (2017)

This study explores ibuprofen (IBP) uptake and transformation in the wetland plant species Phragmites australis and the underlying mechanisms. We grew P. australis in perlite under greenhouse conditions and treated plants with 60 μg/L of IBP. Roots and rhizomes (RR), stems and leaves (SL), and liquid samples were collected during 21 days of exposure. Results show that P. australis can take up, translocate, and degrade IBP. IBP was completely removed from the liquid medium after 21 days with a half-life of 2.1 days. IBP accumulated in RR and was partly translocated to SL. Meanwhile, four intermediates were detected in the plant tissues: hydroxy-IBP, 1,2-dihydroxy-IBP, carboxy-IBP and glucopyranosyloxy-hydroxy-IBP. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase was involved in the production of the two hydroxy intermediates. We hypothesize that transformation of IBP was first catalyzed by P450, and then by glycosyltransferase, followed by further storage or metabolism in vacuoles or cell walls. No significant phytotoxicity was observed based on relative growth of plants and stress enzyme activities. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that P. australis degrades IBP from water and is therefore a suitable species for application in constructed wetlands to clean wastewater effluents containing IBP and possibly also other micropollutants.
Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity in Cross-Linked Polybutadienes Subjected to Uniaxial Elongation (2009)

Anisotropic thermal transport in cross-linked polybutadienes deformed in simple elongation is investigated experimentally. Using a novel optical technique based on forced Rayleigh scattering, two components of the thermal diffusivity tensor are measured as a function of stretch ratio. The thermal diffusivity is found to increase in the direction parallel, and decrease in the direction perpendicular, to the stretch direction, with a maximum anisotropy of ∼25% relative to the equilibrium value. Measurements of the tensile stress as a function of stretch ratio were also made. These data were used to show that the thermal conductivity and stress tensors are linearly related or that the stress−thermal rule is valid. The value of the stress−thermal coefficient for the cross-linked polybutadiene systems was found to be consistent with previously reported values for both a cross-linked silicone rubber and polyisobutylene melts.