gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardamonin exerts a protective effect against autophagy and apoptosis in the testicles of diabetic male rats through the expression of Nrf2 via p62-mediated Keap-1 degradation (2021)

Cardamonin (CARD) is a chalconoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and it is present in several plants. We sought to explore whether CARD exerts any positive effects against hyperglycemia-induced testicular dysfunction caused by type 2 diabetes and aimed to identify its possible intracellular pathways. Adult male rats were subdivided into six groups: control, CARD, diabetic (DM), DM + glibenclamide (GLIB), DM + CARD and DM + GLIB + CARD. Type 2 DM induced a significant increase in blood glucose and insulin resistance, along with diminished serum insulin, testosterone and gonadotropins levels, which were associated with the impairment of key testicular androgenic enzymes and cellular redox balance. Administration of CARD at a dose of 80 mg/kg for 4 weeks effectively normalized all of these alterations, and the improvement was confirmed by epididymal sperm analysis. After treatment with CARD, the pathological changes in spermatogenic tubules were markedly improved. Significantly, CARD upregulated testicular glucose transporter-8 (GLUT-8) expression and had inhibitory effects on elevated autophagy markers and caspase-3 immunoreactive cells. Furthermore, our results revealed that CARD was able to attenuate damage via activation of Nrf2 through the p62-dependent degradation of testicular anti-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap-1). In conclusion, this study suggests that CARD provides protection against diabetic stress-mediated testicular damage. The use of CARD with conventional anti-diabetic therapy was associated with improved efficacy compared with conventional therapy alone.
Superposition of chaotic processes with convergence to Lévy’s stable law (1998)

We construct a family of chaotic dynamical systems with explicit distributions with broad tails, which always violate the central limit theorem. In particular, we show that the superposition of many statistically independent, identically distributed random variables obeying such a chaotic process converge in density to L\'evy's stable laws in a full range of index parameters in a unified manner. The theory related to the connection between deterministic chaos and non-Gaussian distributions gives us a systematic view of the purely mechanical generation of L\'evy's stable laws.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF TERMINAL BALLISTIC IMPACT OF GELATIN (2022)

Knowledge of wound ballistics is essential to protect our warfighters. The presented work achieves this goal by studying impact into 10% ballistic gelatin. Experiments were carried out with steel spheres for three different velocities. Decay curves are recorded to give the complete picture of this complex event. As the background for numerical modeling of the experiments, a comprehensive literature study was done on this topic, especially related to numerical algorithms, and applied constitutive models for gelatin. The γSPH solver in the IMPETUS Afea Solver Suite is used to model the gelatin utilizing GPU technology for computational efficiency. Power-law plasticity, non-linear elasticity, and simple fluid constitutive models were tested, and results are compared with the experiments. The simple fluid model seems to yield the best results, and in general, all results are within a margin of 10% error.
Methane reforming over Ni-based pyrochlore catalyst: deactivation studies for different reactions (2016)

A 1 wt% Ni-based La2Zr2O7 pyrochlore catalyst was synthesized using the modified Pechini method. The catalyst was characterized by H2-TPR, and pre- and post-reaction XRD, and tested for its methane-reforming activity under three different reaction conditions: (a) dry-reforming (CH4 + CO2), (b) oxy-CO2 reforming (CH4 + CO2 + O2), and (c) bi-reforming (CH4 + CO2 + H2O). The TPR results show that NiO in the fresh, calcined catalyst is completely reversible to Ni0. The XRD results show that the crystalline pyrochlore structure is stable under all three reaction conditions. Under dry-reforming conditions, the catalyst deactivated rapidly. In oxy-reforming, the catalyst activity also decreased, but far less rapidly than under dry-reforming conditions. However, under bi-reforming conditions, no deactivation was observed at comparable times-on-stream. TPO of the spent catalysts showed greatest carbon deposition for the dry-reforming, a significant portion of which was graphitic and difficult to remove. For oxy-reforming, there was much less carbon deposition as compared to the dry-reforming, and a major part of which was the amorphous, atomic carbon, which is relatively easy to remove. Unlike under bi-reforming, no significant carbon deposition was observed at the conditions tested here. This indicates that the presence of steam resists carbon deposition compared to dry-reforming or oxy-reforming.
An Efficient VLSI Architecture for Nonbinary LDPC Decoders (2010)

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes constructed over the Galois field GF( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> ), which are also called nonbinary LDPC codes, are an extension of binary LDPC codes with significantly better performance. Although various kinds of low-complexity quasi-optimal iterative decoding algorithms have been proposed, the VLSI implementation of nonbinary LDPC decoders has rarely been discussed due to their hardware unfriendly properties. In this brief, an efficient selective computation algorithm, which totally avoids the sorting process, is proposed for Min-Max decoding. In addition, an efficient VLSI architecture for a nonbinary Min-Max decoder is presented. The synthesis results are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed techniques.
Phenotypic Differences in Adult and Fetal Dermal Fibroblast Responses to Mechanical Tension (2020)

ABSTRACT Objective Fetal regenerative wound healing is characterized by hyaluronan(HA)-rich microenvironment and fibroblasts that produce pericellular matrices(PCM) abundant in high molecular weight HA. Recent studies showed that while small wounds in fetal skin heal regeneratively, large wounds heal with fibrosis. We posit large wounds generate higher mechanical tension which alters HA metabolism in the fetal fibroblasts and lead to a pro-fibrotic phenotype. Approach C57BL/6J murine fetal (FFB; E14.5) and adult (AFB; 8wk) dermal fibroblasts were subjected to +/-10% tonic strain. Changes in PCM, HA enzymes and molecular weight, and fibrotic gene expression were measured. Results FFB pericellular matrix reduced upon exposure to increased tension, and the HA profile shifted from high to lower molecular weight. Under static conditions, AFB had higher expression of HA synthases (HAS) 1 and 2 and degradation enzymes KIAA1199, HYAL1, and TMEM2 than FFB, suggesting more HA turnover in AFB. Tension resulted in an increase in HAS1, HAS3, KIAA1199, and HYAL2 expression and a decrease in HAS2 and TMEM2 expression in FFB. CD26, a marker associated with scar production, increased in FFB under tension, along with altered fibrotic gene expression profile and reorganized cytoskeletal f-actin and increased α-SMA that resembled AFB. Innovation This study elucidates the differences in how biomechanical tension alters HA metabolism and fibrotic phenotype of FFB vs AFB, providing further understanding of the fetal regenerative wound healing phenotype. Conclusion Understanding the intrinsic differences in HA metabolism and fibrotic phenotype among FFB and AFB in response to wound mechanical stimuli may yield new insights to promote regenerative wound healing.
Targeting of BCR-ABL1 and IRE1α induces synthetic lethality in Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2020)

BCR-ABL1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell survival is dependent on the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α) branch of the unfolded protein response. In the current study, we have focused on exploring the efficacy of a simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of BCR-ABL1 and IRE1α in Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) ALL using tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) nilotinib and the IRE1α inhibitor MKC-8866. The combination of 0.5 µM nilotinib and 30 µM MKC-8866 in Ph+ ALL cell lines led to a synergistic effect on cell viability. To mimic this dual inhibition on a genetic level, pre-B-cells from conditional Xbp1+/fl mice were transduced with a BCR-ABL1 construct and with either tamoxifen-inducible cre or empty vector. Cells showed a significant sensitization to the effect of TKIs after the induction of the heterozygous deletion. Finally, we performed a phosphoproteomic analysis on Ph+ ALL cell lines treated with the combination of nilotinib and MKC-8866 to identify potential targets involved in their synergistic effect. An enhanced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase α (p38α MAPK) was identified. In line with this findings, p38 MAPK and, another important endoplasmic reticulum-stress-related kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were found to mediate the potentiated cytotoxic effect induced by the combination of MKC-8866 and nilotinib since the targeting of p38 MAPK with its specific inhibitor BIRB-796 or JNK with JNK-in-8 hindered the synergistic effect observed upon treatment with nilotinib and MKC-8866. In conclusion, the identified combined action of nilotinib and MKC-8866 might represent a successful therapeutic strategy in high-risk Ph+ ALL.
Направления исследований институтов омэсх РАСХН и вузов в области применения нанотехнологий в сельскохозяйственном производстве (2009)

These are considered nanotechnologies in agroengineering, which allow to develop new breaking technologies of bio fuel and mixed diesel fuel production, to increase an efficiency of solar energy turning into electric energy, to create new materials for agricultural machines, means of animal diseases’ diagnostics and cure and plant protection.
Streptokinase inhibits pulmonary tumor seeding in an animal experimental model (1994)

One aspect of the metastatic process involves entrapment of tumor cells within the microcirculation of organs in a "fibrin-platelet mesh." We postulate that destruction of this mesh by fibrinolysis might discourage tumor seeding, thereby inhibiting metastasis. To study this hypothesis, the effect of intravenous streptokinase on pulmonary tumor seeding was examined in a rodent model. In vitro experiments demonstrated that streptokinase had no cytotoxic or cytostatic effect on the Mtln3 cell line. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that at 30,000 U/kg, streptokinase caused systemic fibrinolysis in the Fischer rat, as demonstrated by the thrombin time and fibrin plate lysis assay. Streptokinase administered at this dose, 30 min after tumor cell injection, caused a significant decrease in pulmonary tumor seeding (median 23.0 in the streptokinase-treated group vs. 67.5 in untreated controls, P < 0.0001, Mann-Whitney U-test). Analysis of fibrin degradation products in the streptokinase-treated group suggested that this effect might be secondary to fibrinolysis. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Deep Ocean Wave Measurements Using a Vertically Oriented Sonar (1994)

A vertically oriented 200-kHz sonar is used to make estimates of (one-dimensional) surface wave spectra in the deep ocean. Two independent approaches are used to determine wave spectra from this system: a direct measurement of range to the surface and the vertical velocity estimate of the surface. Estimated wave spectra are compared with observations from a Datawell Waverider buoy positioned directly above the acoustic instrument. Comparisons are provided for relatively calm conditions and also during a period of mixed swell and wind waves forced by a 13 m s−1 wind. Wave spectra from the three estimates appear qualitatively similar and agree to within 10% in total wave energy density.
Preparation of BaTiO3 Ultrafine Particles by Micro-Emulsion Charring Method. (1999)

Ultrafine BaTiO3 particles were prepared by micro-emulsion charring method (MEC method). The MEC method consisted of two steps. The first steps is preparation of water/oil micro-emulsion with BaTiO3 elements. And the second is low temperature firing process in N2 atmosphere, which includes charring of oil in emulsion and powdering BaTiO3 particles with char. The char formed around BaTiO3 particles prevent an agglomeration of BaTiO3 particles during firing. In the present experiment, the W/O ratio and an amount of emulsifier greatly influenced on size of droplets of emulsion. The charring temperature was another important experimental factor in order to obtain desired BaTiO3 particles. Finally obtained BaTiO3 charring powders were monodispersed spherical particles and particle size was 0.1μm to 0.5μm.
Understanding Bayesian Rooms Using Composite 3D Object Models (2013)

We develop a comprehensive Bayesian generative model for understanding indoor scenes. While it is common in this domain to approximate objects with 3D bounding boxes, we propose using strong representations with finer granularity. For example, we model a chair as a set of four legs, a seat and a backrest. We find that modeling detailed geometry improves recognition and reconstruction, and enables more refined use of appearance for scene understanding. We demonstrate this with a new likelihood function that rewards 3D object hypotheses whose 2D projection is more uniform in color distribution. Such a measure would be confused by background pixels if we used a bounding box to represent a concave object like a chair. Complex objects are modeled using a set or re-usable 3D parts, and we show that this representation captures much of the variation among object instances with relatively few parameters. We also designed specific data-driven inference mechanisms for each part that are shared by all objects containing that part, which helps make inference transparent to the modeler. Further, we show how to exploit contextual relationships to detect more objects, by, for example, proposing chairs around and underneath tables. We present results showing the benefits of each of these innovations. The performance of our approach often exceeds that of state-of-the-art methods on the two tasks of room layout estimation and object recognition, as evaluated on two bench mark data sets used in this domain.
Computer-Aided Structure Modification of Electromechancal Systems Using Singular Value Decomposition (1992)

Abstract A computer-aided design method for modifying the mechanical structure of electro-mechanical systems, eg. robots and positioning systems, is presented in this paper. The pole-zero locations and other system characteristics are represented in relation to the structural geometry by using a finite element method. The inverse problem of determining a geometry which will yield better dynamic characteristics is formulated and solved. Based on sensitivity analysis and the singular value decomposition of the sensitivity matrix, useful information is provided to the designer for making effective design changes and understanding trade-offs among multiple system characteristics to be improved. This decomposition also provides us with a new type of geometric design mode-shapes that characterizes all possible design changes affecting system characteristics. The design methodology is implemented to develop a computer-aided structure modification system. A design example of a flexible robot arm demonstrates the usefulness of the system.
Automation in Cuttings Analysis: Futuristic Preview of Digital Enablement for Geology 101 (2022)

Abstract Analysis of drill-cuttings collected on the rig has always been the most basic, yet most direct means of understanding the subsurface within its own limitations. However, automation enabled by digital transformation of this aspect of mud logging has greatly increased the importance of this data. A futuristic preview is being presented for the repositioning and value showcasing of most basic and widely available data, i.e., cuttings with digital enablement. Cost-efficient characterization with lean sample preparation, reducing the adverse environmental imprint to near real-time formation evaluation leading to enhanced well placement and completion design is reshaping the old-school mudlogging with direct detection and quantification of minerals, total organic carbon (TOC), kerogen content and elemental composition; often minimizing the requirement for time-and-cost intensive wireline logging. Labor-intensive sample collection is getting automated, and subjective and descriptive interpretation per experience of mud-logger is giving way to digital, objective interpretation, ready to be integrated with logging-while-drilling data in real-time. In addition to the X-Ray Fluorescence &amp; Diffraction; newer technologies like Diffused Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) are being incorporated in wellsite set-up with reduced footprint on rig and minimized usage of chemicals. Unique automated process can analyze high resolution digital images to deliver plethora of information in minimum time; often augmented with the help of artificial intelligence. A futuristic view with building blocks of the automated interpretation process is presented. Examples from different steps needed to achieve automation are provided, from sample preparation to digital analysis through machine learning for a holistic futuristic vision to highlight digital enablement in delivering the well-objectives in cost-efficient and timely manner honoring the changing market dynamics. This foundational cutting analysis (Geology 101) vision would drive further adavnces in this field.
Thymostimulin Administration Modulates Polymorph Metabolic Pathway in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1992)

Several studies outline the imbalance of phagocyte functions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this regard, here, we have assessed either monocyte- and polymorphonuclear cell (PMN)-mediated chemotactic, phagocytic and killing capacities or PMN-triggered metabolic pathway in a group of COPD patients before and at different times after thymostimulin administration. Before therapy, an increase of O2-generation and a decrease of myeloperoxidase release were found in these individuals when compared to controls. Moreover, a reduction of either PMN-mediated chemotaxis and killing or monocyte chemotactic capacities was observed. By contrast, no differences were seen in terms of beta-glucuronidase release, monocyte-mediated killing and PMN or monocyte phagocytic function. During a one-year monitoring following immunotherapy, O2- production and myeloperoxidase activity fell within normal values, while phagocyte functional capacities were unaffected by such a treatment. Furthermore, COPD subjects exhibited a significant improvement of their clinical status as assessed during a one-year followup. All together, these findings suggest a potential role for thymostimulin in the treatment of COPD patients.
The physiology of milk ejection : consequences on milking techniques (1999)

chap. 12
Planetary Mission Entry Vehicles Quick Reference Guide. Version 3.0 (2006)

This is Version 3.0 of the planetary mission entry vehicle document. Three new missions, Re-entry F, Hayabusa, and ARD have been added to t he previously published edition (Version 2.1). In addition, the Huyge ns mission has been significantly updated and some Apollo data correc ted. Due to the changing nature of planetary vehicles during the desi gn, manufacture and mission phases, and to the variables involved in measurement and computation, please be aware that the data provided h erein cannot be guaranteed. Contact Carol Davies at cdavies@mail.arc. nasa.gov to correct or update the current data, or to suggest other missions.
Contribution of permeability and sensitivity to inhibition of DNA synthesis in determining susceptibilities of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Alcaligenes faecalis to ciprofloxacin (1989)

To examine the correlation between bacterial cell susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and the magnitude of uptake and cell target sensitivity, the relative contribution of ciprofloxacin accumulation in intact cells and its ability to inhibit DNA synthesis were investigated among strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Alcaligenes faecalis. Uptake studies of [14C]ciprofloxacin demonstrated diffusion kinetics for P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Ciprofloxacin was more readily removed from E. coli J53 and A. faecalis ATCC 19018 by washing than from P. aeruginosa PAO503. These results indicate that the process of cell accumulation is different for P. aeruginosa in that the drug is firmly bound at an extracellular site. Whatever the washing conditions, A. faecalis accumulated less drug than either of the other two bacteria. Magnesium chloride (10 mM) caused a substantial decrease of ciprofloxacin accumulated and an increase in the MIC, depending upon the nature of the medium. The addition of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone caused a variable increase in drug accumulated, depending on the medium and the bacterial strain. The concentration of ciprofloxacin required to obtain 50% inhibition (ID50) of DNA synthesis for P. aeruginosa PAO503 and A. faecalis ATCC 19018 did not correlate with their corresponding MICs but did for E. coli J53. Treatment with EDTA decreased the ID50 of ciprofloxacin for P. aeruginosa PAO503 and its gyrA derivative by 5- and 2-fold, respectively, and decreased the ID50 for E. coli JB5R, a strain with a known decrease in OmpF, by 1.4-fold but did not decrease the ID50 for the normally susceptible E. coli J53. The ID(50) for P. aeruginosa obtained after EDTA treatment or in ether-permeabilized cells was higher than that obtained for the other two strains. The protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone prevented killing by low ciprofloxacin concentrtaions, but sodium azide did not. The latter compound did not enhance killing in association with inhibition of a previously described energy-dependent efflux of ciprofloxacin susceptibility being the susceptibility to inhibition of DNA synthesis in E. coli, poor premeability associated with the small pore size of A. faecalis, and a combination of low permeability and reduced susceptibility of DNA synthesis to inhibition for P. aeruginosa.
Text Structure Analysis as a Tool to Make Retrieved Documents Usable (1999)

This paper describes an information retrieval system with the function to support user&amp;apos;s use of the retrieved documents using the text-level structure of documents. The text-level structure of each document is described by the occurrence of typical functional components in the text. Automatic detection of the components has been attempted in previous works using surface-level language processing. The proposed system firstly utilizes the text structure to conduct high-precision searches of documents or passages by distinguishing the role or function each concept plays in the text. It also allows browsing or skimming of retrieved texts, creating summaries on-the-fly with various levels of condensation specified by the user. Moreover, the system can search and display any unit of a text such as a sentence, a paragraph or a chapter. Comparison of relevant passages in retrieved documents across multiple texts is helpful for users to examine, analyze, compare and integrate texts and...
Status and challenges of inkjet printed RF and THz structures (2015)

Inkjet printing is a low-cost, additive process that has enabled various disruptive technologies that combine new materials with novel multidisciplinary operation concepts. Beyond prototyping, their inherent scalability could make them good candidate for commercial/mass production applications such as large area structural monitoring, distributed sensing and IoT applications. This overview explores the reliability and the great potential of these novel technologies when applied to high performance RF and THz devices of the future.