gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple and rapid purification method of condensed tannins from several young fruits. (1981)

immature or young fruits. Condensed tannins are generally thought to be responsible for the astringency. The term "condensed tannins" is used without strict chemical meanings.1 ~5) Condensed tannins are also widely distributed in other plant parts, e.g. bark, seed coats and leaves, however, none have been isolated in pure form.
[Chinese Human Genome Project--opportunity and challenge]. (1998)

The Chinese Human Genome Project(HGP) started in 1993 and has since made substantial progress in 3 major aspects: the genome resource conservation and genetic polymorphism studies of multiple Chinese nationalities; the development of an advanced technological system for genome research; the cloning of some desease-related genes and a large number of expressed sequence tags(ESTs). At the same time a qualified research team has been formed and some centers for genome studies have been founded in the country. The major tasks in the next phase of the project are: (1) Further expanding the genetic material conservation scope including collection of more DNA samples and establishment of more immortalized cell lines; (2) Developing morbid genomics which includes epidemiological survey and registration, collection, maintenance and banking of the data and genetic material resource; making significant progress in mapping, cloning, mutation screening, and large-scale sequencing of the genes related to tumors, inheritable diseases and particularly multigenic diseases in the hope that a number of genes for important diseases will be obtained; (3) Initiation of the functional genomics which includes studies on bioinformatics, expression spectrum of transcription and translation of the genome in physiological and pathological processes; (4) Enhancing the studies on the ethical, legal and social issues related to human genome sciences.
Comparison of conventional culture with SeptiFast real-time PCR for microbial pathogen detection in clinical specimens other than blood (2011)

Early detection of aetiological agents is pivotal for adequate therapy for bacterial infections. Although culture is still considered the mainstay for laboratory diagnosis, it often lacks sensitivity, especially in patients already treated with antibiotics. The present study investigated the potential clinical utility of the commercial real-time-PCR-based system SeptiFast (SF), originally intended for diagnosis of sepsis from blood specimens, in the aetiological diagnosis of other bacterial infections, in patients undergoing antibiotic therapy. A total of 53 non-blood specimens were analysed for microbial pathogen detection by conventional culture and with SF real-time PCR: 19 (35.8%) synovial fluids, 9 (17.0%) cardiac valve tissues and 25 (47.2%) purulent exudates from various body sites. Overall, the number of specimens positive for a pathogen by SF (26/53; 49.1%) was significantly greater (P=0.001) than that of specimens positive by culture (10/53; 18.9%). In particular, SF was superior to culture for pathogen detection in cardiac valve tissues and synovial fluids. The analysis of concordance showed a fair agreement between the two methods (kappa value=0.314; 95% confidence interval=0.531-0.097). Even with the limitation of the low number of specimens, this study confirmed the great potential of diagnosing bacterial infections by a molecular approach, and indicates that the real-time PCR SF system can be used for specimens other than blood, from patients undergoing antibiotic treatment.
Genetic Based Modeling of a Multi-Agent Environment Using OWA Operator (2007)

In this paper, we try to explain our approach to the problem of decision making in a multi-agent, non-deterministic environment, like soccer field. Our strategies have been tested in Robocup competitions, and could register important accomplishments. After reducing the problem in terms of the well-known problem of finding the best coefficients for computing the correctness of an action, we've used three different methods for calculation of the overall fitness, with respect environmental parameters. These methods are: getting simple weighted average with fixed weights, using GA to find the weights of the parameters, and finally using OWA operator instead of weighted averaging with GA. Due to the huge size of the problem we had to use techniques like bounded rationality and memorized estimation to reduce the amount of computation.
ChemInform Abstract: POLARIZED KETENE DITHIOACETALS. PART 41. STUDIES ON BASE‐CATALYZED REARRANGEMENTS OF 1,1‐BIS(ALKYLTHIO)‐2‐AROYLPENTA‐1,4‐DIENES TO NOVEL 1,5‐BIS(ALKYLTHIO)‐2‐AROYLPENTA‐1,3‐DIENES VIA A 1,5‐ALKYLTHIO SHIFT (1985)

Abstract Die Titelverbindungen (VI) gehen in Gegenwart von NaH/ DM F/ Benzol leicht eine Umlagerung unter Bildung der neuartigen l‐Z,3‐E‐Pentadiene (VII) ein.
Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS) based assessment of leaching potential of some pesticides (2015)

GUS is a technique to predict the ability of a chemical to contaminate groundwater and was used for assessing leaching potential of pesticides in Indian soils. On the basis of estimated GUS values, atrazine, metalyxyl, imidcloprid are in the category of pesticides with the high to very high potential to contaminate groundwater. GUS proved to be a convenient tool to predict the leaching potential of pesticides in Indian soils and conform the results obtained from the field experiments.
Air traffic control: a system-wide upgrade races to replace two-decade-old equipment (1991)

Near-term improvements in the air traffic control system are examined, and concerns over whether these changes will be comprehensive and made quickly enough to keep up with traffic growth are addressed. The abilities of the new host computers installed in the 20 US en route centers are discussed. The problem of too many pilots communicating with a controller on one radio frequency, which is nowhere close to being solved, is considered. New digital radar equipment and its capabilities are described. The need to increase human controller productivity is explored.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyanohydrins (2006)

Catalysts and cyanide sources for asymmetric synthesis of cyanohydrins are reviewed with 175 references. Keywords: Asymmetric catalysis, asymmetric synthesis, nucleophilic addition, cyanohydrins, aldehydes, ketones
Die katalysierte Addition von Aldehyden an aktivierte Doppelbindungen – Ein neues Syntheseprinzip (1976)

Abstract Mit Cyanid‐Ionen als Katalysator lassen sich aromatische und heterocyclische Aldehyde in aprotonischen Lösungsmitteln glatt an α,β‐ungesättigte Ketone, Ester und Nitrile unter Bildung von γ‐Diketonen, 4‐Oxocarbonsäureestern und 4‐Oxonitrilen addieren. Auch Thiazoliumsalze in Gegenwart von Basen eignen sich als Katalysatoren; mit ihnen gelingt sowohl die Addition von aromatischen und heterocyclischen Aldehyden als auch die Addition von aliphatischen Aldehyden.
[Effect of mineral water on metabolic processes]. (2006)

The paper comparatively analyzes the effect of the mineral water "Penta" on the biochemical parameters of blood and urine, which characterize the functional activity of renal metabolic processes. A group comprising 10 examinees without renal disease took water by the routine mineral water scheme for 4 days. Comparison of the biochemical parameters before and after water taking revealed a significant reduction in azotemia and uric acid levels with its simultaneously enhanced excretion, as well as an increasing tendency for the excretion of oxalates, i.e. the most important parameters determining the formation of urate and oxalate calculi. These findings allow use "Penta", to a certain degree, in the treatment of renal disease, urolithiasis in particular, and in the prevention of stone formation.
Effect of water-soluble extract from antler of wapiti (Cervus elaphus) on the growth of fibroblasts (1997)

The water-soluble extracts were prepared from the tip sections of antlers of 4-yr-old wapiti stags, and the effect of extract on the growth of bovine skin fibroblasts in culture was examined. The results showed the presence of growth promoting factor(s) in the antler extract. The stimulation of cell growth was found to be dose dependent (P &lt; 0.05). Key words: Growth factor, antler, wapiti, fibroblast
Theoretische Grundlagen des Schallfeldes (1999)

In einem unendlich ausgedehnten gasförmigem Medium, z.B. Luft, mit dem Druck po, der Dichte po und der Temperatur To im Ruhezustand pflanzt sich eine örtlich begrenzte, zeitlich veränderliche Störung des Gleichgewichtes in freien Wellen fort. Da Gase nur sehr kleine Schubkräfte übertragen können und auch keine freien Oberflächen besitzen, erfolgt diese Fortpflanzung nur in Form von Längswellen. Dabei schwingen örtlich die Gasteilchen in der Fortpflanzungsrichtung hin und her, wobei gegenüber dem Ruhedruck po sehr kleine Druckschwankungen auftreten. Diese Druckschwankungen werden vom menschlichen Ohr empfangen und können als Schall wahrgenommen werden. In Anlehnung an das menschliche Hörvermögen wird in der Technik der akustische Frequenzbereich von 16 Hz bis 20 kHz festgelegt. Schall kann sich aber auch in Flüssigkeiten und festen Körpern fortpflanzen. In diesen Fällen spricht man dann von Flüssigkeits- bzw. Körperschall. Die Schallausbreitung in Flüssigkeiten erfolgt in ähnlicher Weise wie bei Gasen in Längswellen. Bei festen Körpern können erheblich größere Schubspannungen übertragen werden, wodurch andere Wellenformen auftreten.
Sacherschliessung nach RDA (2015)

Abstract Die Resource Description and Access (RDA) wird für den deutschsprachigen Raum das neue Regelwerk für die bibliothekarische Erschliessung der Bestände. In diesem Regelwerk wird auch die Sacherschliessung neu geregelt. Zurzeit sind diese Seiten noch leer. Doch wie soll ein Regelwerk für die Sacherschliessung aussehen? Kriterien für eine Regelung fehlen, zu stark hat sich das Umfeld der Inhaltserschliessung in den letzten Jahren geändert. Auch von der Schlagworttheorie her sind noch keine Hinweise in Sicht. Deshalb wird in verschiedenen Gremien intensiv diskutiert, wie eine zukunftsfähige Sacherschliessung aussehen könnte. In welchem Rahmen bewegt sich die Diskussion und woran soll sich die Regelwerksentwicklung für den Sachkatalog orientieren? Der Beitrag erwägt zwischen der Sachkataloggeschichte einerseits und dem modernen Datenmanagement im Netz andererseits die Bedeutung und die Rolle eines Sacherschliessungsregelwerks. Resource Description and Access (RDA) will be the new standard for descriptive cataloguing in the German-speaking countries. Under RDA, subject indexing will also be redefined, although, at present, the relevant pages remain blank. This article ponders the question what these new standards could look like. As yet no clear criteria have emerged – the field of subject indexing has undergone too much change in recent years for that. Nor does the theory appear to offer any answers at the moment. There is therefore intensive and ongoing debate in the various forums. What is the framework of these discussions and what are the key criteria? The article summarizes them and considers the importance of indexing standards in the light of both the history of indexing and modern data management on the web.
Fortnightly Review: Pulse oximetry: a practical review (1995)

&lt;SEC id="BOX0"&gt;&lt;st&gt;Summary points&lt;/st&gt; &lt;l type="unord"&gt;&lt;li&gt; Hypoxaemia is common, poorly detected, and harmful &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Pulse oximetry is a simple, reliable, and accurate means of detecting hypoxaemia &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Pulse oximetry should be widely available and routinely used &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/l&gt; &lt;/SEC&gt;
Stereoscopic display technique for Web3D images (2009)

A simple and unique stereoscopic display technique for Web3D images is presented. Various Web3D systems are being widely used, and, in these systems, 3D objects being displayed in a WWW browser can be interactively rotated in arbitrary directions by manipulating a pointing device such as a mouse. Although complete information on the 3D shape of objects is included in the Web3D data, a stereoscopic view of the objects is not possible because Web3D player programs currently available do not support this function. Stereoscopic viewing of Web3D images is obviously technologically possible if both the player program and the Web3D data on the web are remodeled, but it requires huge cost. Therefore, I developed a new method in which neither the existing player program nor the Web3D data needs to be modified.
Upstream Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation with n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Myth or Reality? (2015)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in adults and is associated with an increased risk of fatal and non-fatal events. Antiarrhythmic drugs provide limited protection against AF recurrence and have a poor safety profile. Several mechanisms have been proven to be involved in AF, e.g. inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis and ischaemia. Prevention of AF with interventions that target these mechanisms has emerged as a result of experimental studies suggesting the use of upstream therapies. Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have multiple effects on cardiac electrophysiology, and epidemiological studies on fish oil suggest a possible use of n-3 PUFA in AF prevention. Several randomised clinical trials have been designed to evaluate the efficacy of n-3 PUFA in preventing AF. In this review, we report the conflicting results of these trials in two different clinical settings: recurrence in patients with history of AF and development of post-operative AF in patient undergoing cardiac surgery.
Variable-resolution velocity-time roadmap generation considering safety constraints for autonomous vehicles (2013)

This research develops a new roadmap method for autonomous vehicles based on variable-resolution partitioning of a continuous state-time space. Unlike conventional roadmaps, which include position information only, the proposed roadmap also includes velocity and time information. Each node of the proposed roadmap contains position and velocity information and is the same as a Variable-resolution Velocity Roadmap (VVR). Each directed link of the proposed roadmap has a range of time values, where the time ranges are determined by variable-resolution partitioning of the time space. An ordered pair of nodes is connected by a directed link within a time region if any combination of their velocity and time values is within the acceptable range of the nodes and produces a trajectory satisfying a set of safety constraints. In this manner, a possible trajectory, with transit time, connecting an arbitrary starting node and destination node is obtained by applying a graph search technique on the proposed roadmap. The proposed method is demonstrated through simulations.
EFFECT OF HARVEST DATE ON QUALITY AND DECAY LOSSES AFTER COLD STORAGE OF 'GOLDEN DELICIOUS' APPLE IN GIRONA (SPAIN) (1999)

To test the effect of harvest date on storage ability of 'Golden Delicious' apple in the fruiting area of Girona (Spain), fruit from eleven commercial orchards were harvested during 1996 at two-week intervals from August 28 to September 25 and cold stored for seven months. Quality indices (soluble solids content, flesh firmness, acidity and starch index) were determined weekly for one month before the first harvest date and upon removal from storage. Simultaneously, fruit from all harvest dates and orchards were wounded, inoculated with Penicillium expansum and kept five weeks in cold storage to evaluate fruit susceptibility with increasing maturity. After removal from cold storage, superficial scald and moisture loss incidence were higher on fruit picked earlier. Bitter pit occurrence was maximal on fruit harvested on September 12. The percentage of marketable size fruit and disease severity increased with harvest date. Fruit quality was not influenced by harvest date but was affected by orchard characteristics. Starch index was significantly correlated to acidity, soluble solids and firmness, suggesting that it could be used to predict fruit quality after cold storage.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Restoring Retinoic Acid Attenuates Intestinal Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in APC<sup>Min/+</sup> Mice (2023)

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Eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori directly induces apoptosis in inflammation-related immunocytes in the gastric mucosa--possible mechanism for cure of peptic ulcer disease and MALT lymphoma with a low-grade malignancy. (2003)

This observation suggests that H. pylori eradication therapy itself induces apoptosis in mononuclear leukocytes in the gastric mucosa.
Frizzled and LRP5/6 Receptors for Wnt/ -Catenin Signaling (2012)

Frizzled and LRP5/6 are Wnt receptors that upon activation lead to stabilization of cytoplasmic β-catenin. In this study, we review the current knowledge of these two families of receptors, including their structures and interactions with Wnt proteins, and signaling mechanisms from receptor activation to the engagement of intracellular partners Dishevelled and Axin, and finally to the inhibition of β-catenin phosphorylation and ensuing β-catenin stabilization.
1968 small grain variety report (1968)

Cover title. September 1972. Microfilm. Stoughton, Mass. : Graphic Microfilm, Inc., 1977. 1 reel ; 35 mm. Shelved with: State agricultural papers.
Multikilogram-Scale Synthesis of a Biphenyl Carboxylic Acid Derivative Using a Pd/C-Mediated Suzuki Coupling Approach (1999)

Reaction of 4-bromo-3-methylaniline with 4-chlorobutyryl chloride/TEA and subsequent treatment of the resulting secondary amide intermediate with KOt-Bu gives 1-(4-bromo-3-methylphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one in 65% yield. This procedure has been optimised (74−76% overall yield) and has been carried out on 41 molar scale. In a variation of this process, we have employed NaOH as the ring-closing base under phase-transfer conditions. NaOH is added to a mixture of 4-bromo-3-methylaniline, 4-chlorobutyryl chloride, and catalytic TBAC in THF/H2O. A further 2 equiv of aqueous NaOH is added, and the mixture is heated at 40−45 °C, providing access to cyclised product in an improved 86% yield. 1-(4-Bromo-3-methylphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one is subsequently coupled with 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid under standard Suzuki coupling conditions [Pd(PPh3)4, Na2CO3, DME/H2O] to give 2‘-methyl-4‘-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid in 64% yield, contaminated with 40−80 ppm of residual Pd. In a modification of this process, we have used Pd/C as the catalyst. Reaction in MeOH/H2O gives an improved yield of the biphenylcarboxylic acid with residual Pd levels of <6 ppm. This process has been carried out on 24 molar scale. The synthesis of the arylpyrrolidinone and subsequent Suzuki coupling have been combined into a one-pot procedure, providing access to 2‘-methyl-4‘-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid in 82% overall yield from 4-bromo-3-methylaniline.
Fowl Cholera: Immune Response in Turkeys (1970)

SUMMARY Emulsified water-in-oil fowl cholera bacterins prepared from 3 strains of formalin-killed Pasteurella multocida induced a high degree of immunity in turkeys against homologous but not heterologous challenge, demonstrating at least 3 immunogenic types of P. multocida associated with fowl cholera. However, both vaccinated and unvaccinated turkeys that survived challenge exposure were immune when re-exposed to different immunogenic strains, demonstrating an immune response to live P. multocida different from that to killed. A one-ml dose of bivalent bacterin was more effective than a 0.5-ml dose in protecting turkeys against experimentally induced fowl cholera. In a comparison of exposure methods, the commonly used method of swabbing nasal clefts of turkeys with a culture of P. multocida was a more severe challenge of immunity than contact exposure challenge with infected birds. In using a challenge culture of low virulence, the intramuscular (IM) route of inoculation was better than either of the other two methods for challenging the immunity of turkeys.
Augmentation of GPS/LAAS with GLONASS: Performance Assessment (1999)

GLONASS has been proposed as an augmentation to GPS/LAAS. We examine the incremental benefits of the additional signals from GLONASS to the availability of service for precision approaches. The methodology used for the modeling of availability is the same as that adopted previously for the analysis of GPS/LAAS. The inclusion of GLONASS signals requires provision for adapting the models of measurement errors to account for the differences between GPS and GLONASS. The main difference of significance to LAAS is due to the frequency division multiple access scheme used by GLONASS, and the resultant inter-frequency biases in the measurements. The errors introduced by such biases at the reference and user receivers are uncorrelated, and have to be accounted for in the error models. As expected, the availability of service improves considerably with the additional ranging sources. The combined GPS and GLONASS signals provide consistent and robust performance with high levels of availability of service for the most demanding precision approaches. I.
A 5 GHz, 21 dBm output-IP3 resistive feedback LNA in 90-nm CMOS (2007)

An inductor-less low noise amplifier is implemented in 90 nm CMOS using resistive feedback and non-linearity cancellation. In the high-linearity mode with non-linearity cancellation, the LNA achieves an output IP3 of 21.2 dBm and a noise figure of 2.9 dB at 5 GHz. In the low-noise mode, when the cancellation is switched off, it has a noise figure of 2.3 dB and an output IP3 of 14.3 dBm at 5 GHz. In both modes, the LNA has a gain above 24 dB with a bandwidth above 6.2 GHz. This circuit consumes 42 mW of power and occupies an active die area of 0.016 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Light emission from HgCdTe diodes (1988)

Electroluminescence from HgCdTe planar diodes with cutoff wavelengths of 2.5 and 4.3 μm was investigated over a broad temperature range from 30 K to room temperature. The spectra consist of a single peak at the band‐gap energy, with an intensity that varies linearly with the forward bias current. The internal quantum efficiency is as high as 17% at 77 K. This is an indication that radiative recombination is a strong process at low temperature. The quantum efficiency decreases at higher temperature due to the increasingly dominant role of nonradiative recombination. The anomalous behavior of the quantum efficiency observed at low temperature is due to current crowding in the planar diode. The large quantum efficiency measured indicates a good prospect for building HgCdTe light emitting diodes and lasers which would operate in the 2–4 μm range with a new generation of optical fibers.