gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of phytosome-loaded microsphere system for delivery of ginseng extract (2021)

The current research work focuses mainly on evolving a delivery system for ginseng extract (GE), which in turn will ameliorate the neuroprotective potential through enhancing the Ginsenoside Rb1(GRb1) bioavailability (BA). Phytosome complexes (F1, F2, and F3) were prepared by reacting GE with phospholipids in disparate ratios. F3 was chosen for preparing the phytosomes powder (PP) and phytosomes-loaded microspheres (PMs). Extract microspheres (EMs) were prepared by the addition of extract directly into the same polymer mixture. F3 gave enhanced entrapment efficiency (50.61%, <i>w/w</i>) along with spherical-shaped particle size (42.58 ± 1.4 nm) with the least polydispersity index (0.193 ± 0.01). PM showed an enhanced relative bioavailability (157.94%) of GRb1. It also showed a greater neuroprotective potential exhibiting significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) augmentation in the nociceptive threshold. It was concluded that the PM system might be an optimistic and feasible strategy to enhance the delivery of GE for the effectual treatment of neuropathy.
High correlation between the bacterial species in denture plaque and pharyngeal microflora (2003)

Abstract Objectives : The morbidity and mortality of the dependent elderly that result from aspiration pneumonia are recognized as a major geriatric health problem. Most cases of bacterial pneumonia are initiated following colonization or superinfection of the pharynx by pathogenic bacteria, followed by aspiration of pharyngeal contents. A recent study revealed that bacteria, that commonly cause respiratory infection, colonized the dentures of dependent elderly. This suggests that denture plaque may function as a reservoir of potential respiratory pathogens to facilitate colonization on the pharynx. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible correlation between denture and pharyngeal microflora. Study Design : The denture and pharyngeal bacterial flora of 50 dependent elderly were examined, and the microorganisms identified by culturing. The agreement between the bacterial species in denture plaque and pharyngeal microflora was investigated using the Kappa method. Results : The microorganism species on the dentures and pharyngeal mucosa of the subjects had an agreement rate of 68.5%. The agreement rate for each of the bacterial species of the dentures and pharynx was also demonstrated to be high. Conclusions : Dentures should be considered an important reservoir of organisations which could colonise the pharynx, and the importance of controlling denture plaque for the prevention of aspiration pneumonia cannot be overemphasized.
A technique for the identification of linear systems (1965)

An iterative technique is proposed to identify a linear system from samples of its input and output in the presence of noise by minimizing the mean-square error between system and model outputs. The model chosen has a transfer function which is a ratio of polynomials in z <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . Although the regression equations for the optimal set of coefficients are highly nonlinear and intractable, it is shown that the problem can be reduced to the repeated solution of a related linear problem. Computer simulation of a number of typical discrete systems is used to demonstrate the considerable improvement over the Kalman estimate which can be obtained in a few iterations. The procedure is found to be effective at signal-to-noise ratios less than unity, and with as few as 200 samples of the input and output records.
Nanotexturisation of gold surfaces and its application to neural implants (2011)

Sample was pressed into a thin piece by a press machine. Sequential single channel X-ray fluoresence spectrum was used to determine the calcium content in calcium citrate and calcium malate. The whole process of sample preperation and determination takes only 10 minutes. In the present paper the determination of the calcium content in calcium citrate and calcium malate was studied. The result was compared with that of FAAS. The characteristics of the two methods were described respectively.
Gain-scheduled control of time-varying delay systems with input constraint (2018)

This paper investigates gain-scheduled control design for linear systems with time-varying state delays subject to actuator saturation and external disturbance. Assuming the disturbance is peak bounded, a sufficient delay-dependent condition is established to guarantee that a family of level sets, corresponding to a novel parameter-dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, are nested and invariant to the closed-loop system. The invariant sets are then used to obtain nested reachable sets (ellipsoids) to bound the closed-loop states. A family of continuous controllers are designed based on these nested ellipsoids. The controller with the best performance is selected, each time, based on the closed-loop state vector, while complying with the saturation bound, and the resulting closed-loop system is locally input-to-state stable. All conditions are represented in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) by the linear spline method. Finally, the benefit of the control method is illustrated by two examples.
Influence of Tantalum and Tungsten Doping on Polarizability and Bioactivity of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedure Results Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements
How Nature Modulates a Fiber's Mechanical Properties: Mechanically Distinct Fibers Drawn from Natural Mesogenic Block Copolymer Variants (2008)

Mussel byssal threads are functionally graded biological fibers adapted for tethering the soft tissue of the organism (∼1 MPa) to hard surfaces !(25 GPa) in the rocky seashore. A stiffness gradient mitigates contact deformation and is defined by an incrementally regulated distribution of two protein block copolymer variants with stiff and pliable domains, respectively. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Networking Aspects for the Security of Game Input (2009)

Following the trends of our era, Games At Large IST Project introduces an innovative platform for running interactive, rich content multimedia applications over a wireless local area network. Games@Large project's vision is to provide a new system architecture for interactive multimedia which will enhance existing CE devices such as, set top boxes (STB), small screen and other devices, which are lacking both the CPU power and the graphical performance to provide a rich user experience. This paper presents the input command transferring module that provides encryption capabilities for ensuring the security of the transmitted sensitive user data. In a nutshell, the client software when capturing input from a keyboard device encrypts the commands that are transmitted over a wireless local area network, using a public key encryption scheme and the server is responsible for decrypting and executing the commands to the corresponding game application.
Multivariate Analysis for Quantification of Plutonium(IV) in Nitric Acid Based on Absorption Spectra (2017)

Development of more effective, reliable, and fast methods for monitoring process streams is a growing opportunity for analytical applications. Many fields can benefit from online monitoring, including the nuclear fuel cycle where improved methods for monitoring radioactive materials will facilitate maintenance of proper safeguards and ensure safe and efficient processing of materials. Online process monitoring with a focus on optical spectroscopy can provide a fast, nondestructive method for monitoring chemical species. However, identification and quantification of species can be hindered by the complexity of the solutions if bands overlap or show condition-dependent spectral features. Plutonium(IV) is one example of a species which displays significant spectral variation with changing nitric acid concentration. Single variate analysis (i.e., Beer's Law) is difficult to apply to the quantification of Pu(IV) unless the nitric acid concentration is known and separate calibration curves have been made for all possible acid strengths. Multivariate or chemometric analysis is an approach that allows for the accurate quantification of Pu(IV) without a priori knowledge of nitric acid concentration.
A Hybrid Spatial-Temporal Fine Granular Scalable Coding for Adaptive QoS Internet Video (2005)

In a ubiquitous multimedia space, a video streaming service is requested to be continuous and uninterrupted even if a client may change her/his client device, network link and preferences at any time and anywhere. Thus, a video coder that can provide more wide range quality-of-service (QoS) and more flexible control is urgently required. This paper presents a hybrid coder structure that integrates spatial-, temporal- and SNR-scalabilities to handle MPEG-4 videos. Using the proposed hybrid coder, different presentation qualities, including spatial-temporal resolution and SNR quality, can be rendered when frames are decoded from the base-layer (BL) and partial enhancement-layer (EL) sub-bitstreams. Besides, a refined rate-adaptation approach in the MPEG-4 FGS scheme and a buffer control mechanism are also devised to increase the bandwidth utilization and to prevent buffer instability. According to the experiments results, the proposed hybrid coder shows outperformances over classic non-scalable MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 FGS coder in consideration of the flexible QoS for Internet video streaming.
Numerical analysis of Ge/Si hybrid MOS optical modulator operating at mid-infrared wavelength (2019)

Abstract We numerically analyze an optical intensity modulator operating at a mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength based on a Ge/Si hybrid metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor formed by bonding a thin Ge membrane on a Si layer. Owing to the large free-carrier absorption of accumulated holes at the Ge MOS interface, the proposed optical modulator is predicted to exhibit efficient absorption modulation of &gt;15 dB mm −1 with a 2 V amplitude of a gate voltage at a wide MIR spectrum from 2 to 7 μ m. The 250 μ m long device gives an optical modulation amplitude of −3 dBm, which is at least 11 dBm better than that of a Si/Si MOS Mach–Zehnder optical modulator relying on the plasma dispersion effect. The presented analysis shows the usefulness of the free-carrier absorption in Ge for an intensity optical modulator operating at a MIR wavelength.
Substrate Preparations in Epitaxial ZnO Film Growth (2000)

Epitaxial ZnO films were grown on the two polar surfaces (O-face and Zn-face) of (0001) ZnO single crystal substrates using off-axis magnetron sputtering deposition. Annealing-temperature dependence of ZnO substrates was studied. ZnO films grown on sapphire substrates have also been investigated for comparison purposes and the annealing temperature of A1203 substrates is 1000 C. Substrates and films were characterized using photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscope, energy dispersive spectrum, and electric transport measurements. It has been found that the ZnO film properties were different when films were grown on the two polarity surfaces of ZnO substrates and the A1203 substrates. An interesting result shows that high temperature annealing of ZnO single crystals will improve the surface structure on the O-face surface rather than the opposite surface. The measurements of homoepitaxial ZnO films indicate that the O-terminated surface is better for ZnO epitaxial film growth.
Endotoxin-induced uveitis is primarily dependent on radiation-resistant cells and on MyD88 but not TRIF (2011)

TLR4 activation by LPS (endotoxin) is mediated by the MyD88 and TRIF intracellular signaling pathways. We determined the relative activation of these pathways in murine ocular tissue after LPS exposure. Additionally, we explored whether BM-derived or non-BM-derived cells were the major contributors to EIU. Mice deficient in TRIF or MyD88 and their congenic (WT) controls received 250 ng ultrapure LPS ivt at 0 h. Ocular inflammation was assessed by histological analysis at 4, 6, and 24 h, and additionally, in MyD88(-/-) mice, intravital microscopy was performed at 4 h and 6 h to assess adherent, rolling, and infiltrating cells in the iris vasculature and tissue. Cytokines associated with the MyD88 and TRIF intracellular signaling pathways were analyzed in ocular tissue at 4 h. BM chimeric mice (WT→WT, TLR4(-/-)→WT, WT→TLR4(-/-)) received 250 ng LPS by ivt injection, and ocular tissues were examined by histology at 6 h. Lack of MyD88 resulted in a markedly diminished cellular response and reduced production of MyD88-related cytokines 4 h post-LPS treatment. In contrast, lack of TRIF led to reduced production of TRIF-related cytokines and no change in the cellular response to LPS. Therefore, the MyD88 pathway appears to be the dominant TLR4 pathway in EIU. Only WT → TLR4(-/-) chimeric mice were resistant to EIU, and this suggests, surprisingly, that non-BM-derived (radiation-resistant) cells in the eye play a greater role than BM-derived cells.
Smart panels with velocity feedback control systems using triangularly shaped strain actuators (2005)

In this paper we present a theoretical study on the active structural acoustic control of a new smart panel with sixteen triangularly shaped piezoelectric patch actuators, having their base edges evenly distributed along the perimeter of the panel, and velocity sensors positioned at the vertices opposite the base edges. The performance is assessed and contrasted with that of a conventional smart panel using a 4 x 4 array of square piezoelectric patch actuators evenly distributed over the surface of the panel with velocity sensors at their centers. For both systems the control effectiveness and stability of MIMO decentralized or SISO direct velocity feedback control architectures have been analyzed. The two control systems are arranged to generate active damping which reduces the response and sound radiation of the panel in the lightly damped and well separated low-frequency resonances. In particular the new control system can be seen as a set of sixteen "active wedges" which absorb energy from the incident flexural waves to the borders of the panel so that the panel could be considered anechoic. This study shows that the new arrangement with triangularly shaped actuators can achieve better control than the corresponding system using square actuators.
Assessment of nerve degeneration by gadofluorine M–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (2005)

Nerve injury represents a major cause of disability. In the peripheral nervous system, nerves have the capacity to regrow but within weeks after injury, it is impossible to clarify whether proper regeneration is under way or is failing. In this experimental study, we report on a novel tool to assess nerve outgrowth in vivo. After systemic application, the novel gadolinium-based magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent Gadofluorine M (Gf) selectively accumulated and persisted in nerve fibers undergoing Wallerian degeneration causing bright contrast on T1-weighted MR images. Gf enhancement on MR imaging was present already at 48 hours within the entire nerve segments undergoing Wallerian degeneration, and subsequently disappeared from proximal to distal parts in parallel to regrowth of nerve fibers. Most importantly, Gf enhancement persisted in nonregenerating, permanently transected nerves. Our novel Gf-based MR imaging methodology holds promise for clinical use to bridge the diagnostic gap between nerve injury and completed nerve regeneration, and to determine the necessity for neurolysis and engraftment if spontaneous regeneration is not successful.
Does apple canker develop independently on leaf scars of a single apple shoot? (2021)

European apple canker, caused by Neonectria ditissima, causes serious damage to apple trees, particularly young trees. Canker management is difficult because of the limited availability of effective fungicides, the long latency period, inoculum abundance and host resistance in commercial cultivars as well as the need for costly manual pruning interventions. To understand disease aggregation for more effective pruning management, we assessed whether canker infection and subsequent lesion development on leaf scars are independent from each other on the same shoot. Four inoculation experiments were conducted: one in glasshouse, and three in orchards. On each shoot, 10 consecutive leaf scars were inoculated and assessed for visible cankers over time in situ. Number of cankers developed per shoot as well as spatial distribution of these cankers within a shoot was statistically analysed. Most data of the number of visible canker lesions on a single shoot failed to fit binomial distributions (indicator for independence) and were fitted much better by beta binomial distributions. In a number of cases (4–20%), there appeared to be positive association between lesion development on neighbouring leaf scars. However, in one experiment where laboratory incubation and isolation of N. ditissima from inoculated but asymptomatic leaf scars (after eight months’ field incubation) were used the results suggested independence of canker development on a single shoot. We conclude that apparent aggregation of canker lesions on individual shoots is likely to originate from host responses. Such aggregation of canker lesions on individual shoots should be taken into consideration for field disease assessment and management.
Excitatory synapses in the rat superficial dorsal horn are strengthened following peripheral inflammation during early postnatal development (2009)

Peripheral inflammation can cause prolonged changes in pain sensitivity if it occurs during a critical period of early postnatal development, suggesting that neonatal pain circuits respond to tissue damage in a fundamentally different manner. However, the effects of early tissue injury on the function of emergent central pain networks have yet to be characterized at the synaptic level. Here, we investigated whether inflammation at different postnatal ages has distinct consequences for synaptic function in the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the rat spinal cord using in vitro patch-clamp techniques. Subcutaneous injections of carrageenan (CARR) into the hindpaw at postnatal day (P) 2 significantly increased the frequency, but not amplitude, of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in P3-4 SDH neurons compared to naïve controls, while no changes were observed at inhibitory synapses onto the same neurons. The paired-pulse ratio of evoked EPSCs was unaltered by CARR at P2, suggesting that the elevation in mEPSC frequency following inflammation does not reflect an enhanced probability of glutamate release within the SDH. The potentiation of glutamatergic synapses did not persist beyond the duration of the injury, as the observed difference in mEPSC frequency had resolved by P10-11. In contrast, peripheral inflammation at P9 or P17 failed to significantly alter excitatory or inhibitory synaptic efficacy in the SDH. Meanwhile, carrageenan decreased the inward rectification of AMPAR-mediated currents throughout the first three postnatal weeks. These data suggest that distinct synaptic mechanisms may underlie central sensitization in the immature and mature spinal cords under pathological conditions.
Use of Myocardial Matrix in a Chitosan-Based Full-Thickness Heart Patch (2014)

A novel cardiac scaffold comprised of decellularized porcine heart matrix was investigated for use as a biodegradable patch with a potential for surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. Powdered heart matrix solution was blended with chitosan and lyophilized to form three-dimensional scaffolds. For this investigation, we examined the influence of different blending ratios of heart matrix to chitosan on porosity and mechanical properties, then gene expression and electrophysiological function of invading neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) compared to type-A gelatin/chitosan composite scaffolds. Heart matrix/chitosan-blended hydrogels (1.6 mg/mL heart matrix) had similar porosity (109±34 μm), and elastic modulus (13.2±4.0 kPa) as previously published gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. Heart matrix/chitosan hydrogels maintained>80% viability and had higher NRVM retention (∼1000 cells/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. There was a significant increase in α-myosin heavy chain and connexin-43 expression in NRVM cultured on heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds after 14 days compared with gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. Further, heart matrix/chitosan scaffolds had significantly higher conduction velocity (12.6±4.9 cm/s) and contractile stress (0.79±0.13 mN/mm(2)) than gelatin/chitosan scaffolds. In summary, NRVM cultured on heart matrix scaffold showed improvements in contractile and electrophysiological function.
Magnetic Properties of Co/Si(100) Thin Films Studied using Magnetooptic Kerr Effect Technique (2001)

Magnetic properties of cobalt films grown on a Si(100) substrate were investigated using the magnetooptic Kerr effect technique. The longitudinal coercivity for the films with a thickness range from 2.4 to 17.7 nm is observed to be approximately 55 Oe. The easy axis of magnetization is in the surface plane. Because of silicide formation at the interface and a short absorption length for light in condensed matter, the Kerr intensity is not completely proportional to the film thickness. Thermal evolution for the Co/Si(100) system was systematically investigated. A higher thermal stability is concluded for a thicker cobalt film. At a low temperature, the Kerr intensity is nearly maintained constant upon annealing treatment. This is expected to be due to the Co–Si compound at the interface blocking further interdiffusion.
Integrated Architectures for Third Generation Electric Vehicles – First Results of the ELVA Project (2012)

The joint European research project ELVA brings in line technology options and customer expectations for third generation electric vehicles. The objective is to develop innovative vehicle architectures fully exploiting freedoms in design that result from the electric drivetrain. This paper summarises the results of the first phase of the project which comprised deep technology and market forecasting as well as an open design contest for future electric vehicles. In the end, an outlook is given for the next phase in which three detailed vehicle concepts will be virtually developed and assessed with regard to several key requirements such as energy efficiency, material application and safety.
Dinuclear zinc(ii) complexes containing (benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene that overcome drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through induction of mitochondria fragmentation (2014)

Herein we demonstrated that dinuclear zinc complexes could overcome drug resistance in R-HepG2 drug resistance hepatocellular carcinoma cells through induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis or by triggering mitochondria fragmentation, depletion of the membrane potential and intracellular ATP levels.