gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulatory Effect of a Wild Blueberry Anthocyanin-Rich Extract in Human Caco-2 Intestinal Cells (2014)

Intestinal inflammation is a natural process crucial for the maintenance of gut functioning. However, abnormal or prolonged inflammatory responses may lead to the onset of chronic degenerative diseases, typically treated by means of pharmacological interventions. Dietary strategies for the prevention of inflammation are a safer alternative to pharmacotherapy. Anthocyanins and other polyphenols have been documented to display anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, three bioactive fractions (anthocyanin, phenolic, and water-soluble fractions) were extracted from a wild blueberry powder. The Caco-2 intestinal model was used to test the immunomodulatory effect of the above fractions. Only the anthocyanin-rich fraction reduced the activation of NF-κB, induced by IL-1β in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Specifically, concentrations of 50 and 100 μg mL(-1) decreased NF-κB activation by 68.9 and 85.2%, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). These preliminary results provide further support for the role of food bioactives as potential dietary anti-inflammatory agents.
<title>Scattering Pattern Analysis Of Bacteria</title> (1977)

Scattering pattern analysis for an ensemble of heterogeneous particles in a tenuous solution is applied to species identification and concentration estimation of bacteria with a view toward the development of a rapid automated technique to identify and count bacteria in urine. The scattering patterns measured with latex spheres and bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) agree well with the theoretical calculations by the Mie theory and the Rayleigh-Debye approximation modified for size distributed and randomly oriented scatterers. The parameters (average size, axial ratio, size variation, refractive index) estimated in the scattering pattern analysis are reasonable. The sensitivity of the scattering pattern for the aggregation of scatterers is shown. Turbidimetry is improved by using the average total cross section calculated with the above parameters. The concentrations of above bacteria are estimated by this technique. They agree within a factor of 10 with the counts obtained by conventional plate count technique in a clinical microbiology laboratory. This error is acceptable for most practical applications of bacteria count in urine. Thus, the usefulness and effectiveness of the scattering pattern analysis in some of the practical applications are shown.
Stereochemical Study of Cycloadditions Using Erythrose and Threose Based Dienes as Source of 2-Nonulosonic Acid Analogs (1995)

Abstract The stereochemical outcome of the hetero Diels Alder reaction of an erythrose based diene with sodium glyoxylate was rationalized by preparing the same compounds via decarboxylation of 2-carbethoxy-2-deoxy-2-ulosonic esters, obtained by cycloaddition with diethyl ketomalonate. Further chemical transformations of cycloadducts allowed us to prepare a series of new 2-nonulosonic acid derivatives.
A reconfigurable VLSI neural network (1992)

Due to the variety of architectures that need be considered while attempting solutions to various problems using neural networks, the implementation of a neural network with programmable topology and programmable weights has been undertaken. A new circuit block, the distributed neuron-synapse, has been used to implement a 1024 synapse reconfigurable network on a VLSI chip. In order to evaluate the performance of the VLSI chip, a complete test setup consisting of hardware for configuring the chip, programming the synaptic weights, presenting analog input vectors to the chip, and recording the outputs of the chip, has been built. Following the performance verification of each circuit block on the chip, various sample problems were solved. In each of the problems the synaptic weights were determined by training the neural network using a gradient-based learning algorithm which is incorporated in the experimental test setup. The results of this work indicate that reconfigurable neural networks built using distributed neuron synapses can be used to solve various problems efficiently.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Das Risiko Neurovaskulärer Schädigungen bei der Ellenbogengelenkarthroskopie (2008)

In a cadaver dissection study the relation of the arthroscopic portals to the neurovascular structures was documented. In six cadaveric elbows the capsule was distended with 35-40cc fluid of 0.9% NaCl by using the direct lateral portal. An anterolateral and anteromedial approach to the elbow joint were established. The distance of the arthroscopic portals to the neurovascular bundles were measured at empty and filled joint after performing an anatomic dissection. The influence of flexion and extension of the joint as well as pronation and supination of the forearm on the distance of the arthroscopic sheath to the neural structures was documented. Lesions of the superficial cutaneous nerves were not seen. Using the anterolateral portal in the best position of the joint (90 degrees flexion and not distended joint at max. pronation of the forearm) we measured a proximity of 4.5 mm (range 2-10 mm) to the radial nerve. For the anteromedial approach the mean distance of the median nerve to the arthroscopic sheath was 15.5 mm (range 8-27 mm), when the optimal joint position was used (90 degrees flexed joint, distended, max. supination of the forearm).
Evidence for the Cloning of Deinococcus radiodurans DNA Fragments That Render Escherichia coli Radiation Resistant (1989)

DNA from the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans was isolated and used to generate a cosmid library. This cosmid library was grown in Escherichia coli and radiation-resistant E. coli were isolated. Following exposure to 1000 Gy the radiation-resistant transformants exhibited a survival of approximately 10(-1) instead of the 10(-11) exhibited by the nontransformed E. coli. Smaller fragments of DNA were subcloned from the radiation-resistant E. coli; these fragments bestow similar levels of radiation resistance (ratio of slopes = 6.8) to native E. coli upon transfection.
Identification of glucuronide conjugates of ketobemidone and its phase I metabolites in human urine utilizing accurate mass and tandem time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2002)

The glucuronide conjugates of ketobemidone, norketobemidone and hydroxymethoxyketobemidone were identified in human urine post-intravenous administration of Ketogan Novum. The human urine was extracted on a mixed-mode solid-phase micro-column before analysis with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-TOF-MS) and tandem MS (MS/MS). Accurate mass and collision-induced dissociation product ion spectra were used for identification of the glucuronide conjugates. Two different TOF mass spectrometers were used and the accurate mass measurements were performed on three separate days with each instrument. The accuracy of the mass measurements was better than 2.1 ppm for two out of three conjugates and the inter-day relative standard deviation was within +/-0.00049%. The MS/MS fragmentation patterns of the conjugates were in accordance with those of the synthetic aglycones and included peaks originating from the [M + H](+) ion of the respective aglycone.
3d Object Detection For Autonomous Driving Using Temporal Lidar Data (2020)

3D object detection is a fundamental problem in the space of autonomous driving, and pedestrians are some of the most important objects to detect. The recently introduced PointPillars architecture has been shown to be effective in object detection. It voxelizes 3D LiDAR point clouds to produce a 2D pseudo-image to be used for object detection. In this work, we modify PointPillars to become a recurrent network, using fewer LiDAR frames per forward pass. Specifically, as compared to the original PointPillars model which uses 10 LiDAR frames per forward pass, our recurrent model uses 3 frames and recurrent memory. With this modification, we observe an 8% increase in pedestrian detection and a slight decline in performance on vehicle detection in a coarsely voxelized setting. Furthermore, when given 3 frames of data as input to both models, our recurrent architecture outperforms PointPillars by 21% and 1% in pedestrian and vehicle detection, respectively.
Anomalies of Convolutional Smoothing and Differentiation (1996)

The original Savitzky−Golay convolutional smoothing method for simultaneous data smoothing and differentiation has been a useful tool for processing experimental data for nearly 30 years. However, unlike splining techniques, it leads to truncation of the end sections due to the center-point moving window approach. For a long time this was considered to be a necessary evil that could not be overcome. In 1990, Gorry addressed the truncation problem for uniformly spaced data in a mathematically elegant way. We implemented and tested this algorithm in our laboratory and observed some anomalies in the results produced. We offer explanations for these anomalies and suggestions of modifications so that the observed undesirable effects can be avoided.
Agile computer control of a turboalternator (1979)

The paper describes the design and implementation of a new type on nonlinear digital controller. This controller and other comparable ones are evaluated by implementing them on a laboratory microturboalternator system coupled to a minicomputer. Offline theoretical predictions of the system response, based on a comprehensive mathematical model, are presented. The results show that the transient performance of this new controller compares favourably with that of existing digital controllers. A novel nonrecursive solution to the discrete Riccati equation is also demonstrated.
CREATION OF A DYNAMIC THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL BY “STRUCTURE FROM MOTION” FROM MULTIPLE FULL HD MOVIES OF A FULL-SCALE SHAKING TABLE TEST (2016)

On June 5, 2014, a full-scale shaking table test of Indonesian masonry houses was filmed using eight full high-definition (HD) movie cameras. From each of these eight cameras, 399 video frames (i.e., a total of 11,575 video frames per camera) were captured from the beginning of the shaking test to the collapse of the building at the 4th shaking test. This raw dataset was then processed by Structure from Motion (SfM) software to construct a three-dimensional model, with the behavior of the model observable in chronological order from arbitrary viewpoints. In our study, we found that the SfM processing results were affected by the quality and number of images used for processing, although we show that SfM is a powerful tool for observing the dynamic behavior of the entire surface of a model for shaking table tests.
Performance Evaluation of UE Location Techniques in LTE Networks (2017)

The goal of this research is to evaluate the location accuracy of User Equipment (UE) in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks which depends on the timing advance parameters. The ability to locate the subscribers through the network is considered as a significant factor in wireless communication systems. The main method to geolocation based on specified distances from many base stations is stated. The possibility of geolocating a Long Term Evolution (LTE) subscriber station based on the timing advance ranging parameter within the network signal internals is investigated in the paper. Also, simulation is used to describe performance in multiple base station networks that evaluating locations of subscriber stations on a two-dimensional system coordinated. Performance estimation of UE location in LTE networks was analyzed using simulations. Simulations were performed by using MATLAB. The main method for determining the subscriber station location depends on radial distances from multiple base stations. We observe from the results that the calculation error for the network is frivolous and by using four eNodeBs we obtain the most accurate estimation. Our simulation analysis shows that increasing the eNodeBs that used in the network leads to increasing the error to 29 centimeters.
Haplotype Thinking in Lung Disease (2007)

To identify the genetic etiology of a disease of interest, disease-related characteristics (phenotypes) are often tested for association with genetic variants (genotypes). Although genetic association studies of single genetic variants have been widely performed, there has been increasing interest in studies of multiple adjacent genetic variants on one chromosome, known as a haplotype. In this review, we will provide background about the origin of haplotypes and why they can be useful in genetic studies; we will discuss approaches to determining haplotypes and performing haplotype-based genetic association studies; and we will compare single variant and haplotype-based approaches.
Glycyrrhetic Acid 3‐O‐Mono‐β‐ d ‐glucuronide (GAMG): An Innovative High‐Potency Sweetener with Improved Biological Activities (2018)

Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-mono-β-d-glucuronide (GAMG) is an important derivative of glycyrrhizin (GL) and has attracted considerable attention, especially in the food and pharmaceutical industries, due to its natural high sweetness and strong biological activities. The biotransformation process is becoming an efficient route for GAMG production with the advantages of mild reaction conditions, environmentally friendly process, and high production efficiency. Recent studies showed that several β-glucuronidases (β-GUS) are key GAMG-producing enzymes, displaying a high potential to convert GL directly into the more valuable GAMG and providing new insights into the generation of high-value compounds. This review provides details of the structural properties, health benefits, and potential applications of GAMG. The progress in the development of the biotransformation processes and fermentation strategies to improve the yield of GAMG is also discussed. This work further summarizes recent advances in the enzymatic synthesis of GAMG using β-GUS with emphasis on the physicochemical and biological properties, molecular modifications, and enzymatic strategies to improve β-GUS biocatalytic efficiencies. This information contributes to a better framework to explore production and application of bioactive GAMG.
Mammography with synchrotron radiation: Advantages brought by monochromaticity, energy tuneability and spatial coherence (1999)

The SYRMEP (SYnchrotron Radiation for MEdical Physics) collaboration is active in the field of medical imaging with synchrotron radiation and is operating a dedicated bending magnet beam-line at ELETTRA, the Trieste synchrotron radiation facility. A high granularity, high efficiency (80% at 20keV) silicon microstrip X-ray detector was developed to produce digital images of mammographic phantoms and in vitro breast specimens. Images produced with this device show high image quality in terms of spatial and contrast resolution when compared to conventional mammographic images of the same test objects. Furthermore, the dose delivered to the samples is considerably lower due to the manochromaticity and energy tuneability of the beam, and to the high efficiency of the detector. Another important application of synchrotron radiation is phase contrast imaging, which is made possible by the high degree of spatial coherence of the SR sources. A feasibility study on mammographic phantoms and in vitro breast specimens has been carried out, and images from this study, recorded on film-screen systems, show great enhancement in the visibility of thin and small details without requiring any increase in the delivered dose compared to conventional absorption imaging.
Identification of Tyr-703 and Tyr-936 as the primary association sites for Grb2 and Grb7 in the c-Kit/stem cell factor receptor (1999)

In this paper we demonstrate the presence of two novel in vivo autophosphorylation sites in the c-Kit/stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit/SCFR): Tyr-703 in the kinase insert and Tyr-936 in the C-terminal tail. We furthermore demonstrate that the adapter protein Grb2 is a specific binding partner for both phosphorylated Tyr-703 and phosphorylated Tyr-936, whereas the adapter protein Grb7 binds selectively to phosphorylated Tyr-936. It is shown that the association occurs through the Src homology 2 (SH2) domains of Grb2 and Grb7. Binding of Grb2 to Tyr-703 in the c-Kit/SCFR provides a link to the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
Microbiome Analysis Reveals Diversity and Function of Mollicutes Associated with the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica (2021)

Marine invertebrate microbiomes play important roles in diverse host and ecological processes. However, a mechanistic understanding of host-microbe interactions is currently available for a small number of model organisms. Here, an integrated taxonomic and functional analysis of the microbiome of the eastern oyster, <i>Crassostrea virginica</i>, was performed using 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon profiling, shotgun metagenomics, and genome-scale metabolic reconstruction. Relatively high variability of the microbiome was observed across individual oysters and among different tissue types. Specifically, a significantly higher alpha diversity was observed in the inner shell than in the gut, gill, mantle, and pallial fluid samples, and a distinct microbiome composition was revealed in the gut compared to other tissues examined in this study. Targeted metagenomic sequencing of the gut microbiota led to further characterization of a dominant bacterial taxon, the class <i>Mollicutes</i>, which was captured by the reconstruction of a metagenome-assembled genome (MAG). Genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of the oyster <i>Mollicutes</i> MAG revealed a reduced set of metabolic functions and a high reliance on the uptake of host-derived nutrients. A chitin degradation and an arginine deiminase pathway were unique to the MAG compared to closely related genomes of <i>Mollicutes</i> isolates, indicating distinct mechanisms of carbon and energy acquisition by the oyster-associated <i>Mollicutes</i> A systematic reanalysis of public eastern oyster-derived microbiome data revealed a high prevalence of the <i>Mollicutes</i> among adult oyster guts and a significantly lower relative abundance of the <i>Mollicutes</i> in oyster larvae and adult oyster biodeposits.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Despite their biological and ecological significance, a mechanistic characterization of microbiome function is frequently missing from many nonmodel marine invertebrates. As an initial step toward filling this gap for the eastern oyster, <i>Crassostrea virginica</i>, this study provides an integrated taxonomic and functional analysis of the oyster microbiome using samples from a coastal salt pond in August 2017. The study identified high variability of the microbiome across tissue types and among individual oysters, with some dominant taxa showing higher relative abundance in specific tissues. A high prevalence of <i>Mollicutes</i> in the adult oyster gut was revealed by comparative analysis of the gut, biodeposit, and larva microbiomes. Phylogenomic analysis and metabolic reconstruction suggested the oyster-associated <i>Mollicutes</i> is closely related but functionally distinct from <i>Mollicutes</i> isolated from other marine invertebrates. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first metagenomics-derived functional inference of <i>Mollicutes</i> in the eastern oyster microbiome.
A deterministic breakdown model for dielectric interfaces subjected to tangential electric field (2021)

Abstract The contact area between solid insulations, namely solid–solid interfaces, affect the dielectric characteristics of an entire insulation system. With the theoretical and experimental studies covered in this paper, we intend to investigate the effects of the elastic modulus, interface contact pressure, and surface smoothness/roughness on the tangential alternating current (AC) breakdown strength of contact surfaces at dielectric interfaces that undergo a tangential electric field. Four distinct solid dielectric specimens with various elastic modulus values were employed. The interfaces between the same materials were subjected to AC breakdown and partial discharge (PD) tests at different contact pressure values. In addition, the interface surfaces were polished using four different sandpapers of various grits to scrutinize the effect of surface roughness. A deterministic model built around the tribology of solid surfaces was proposed to determine the sizes of the interfacial cavities and to simulate the 3D displacement and deformation of the surface protrusions based on the surface roughness, contact pressure, elastic modulus, and hardness of an interface. The estimated sizes of cavities and contact areas were then coupled with a comprehensive breakdown model that addressed the cavity discharge and breakdown of contact areas, separately. Finally, the results by the model were correlated with the results of the AC breakdown and PD experiments to elucidate not only how cavities were linked at solid–solid interfaces but also the effects of roughness, elasticity, contact pressure, and gas pressure inside of the cavities.
Physicochemical Characterization of Ferrocifen Lipid Nanocapsules: Customized Drug Delivery Systems Guided by the Molecular Structure (2023)

Ferrocifens, lipophilic organometallic complexes, comprise a biologically active redox motif [ferrocenyl-ene-<i>p</i>-phenol] which confers very interesting cytotoxic properties to this family. However, because of their highly lipophilic nature, a formulation stage is required before being administered <i>in vivo</i>. In recent decades, ferrocifen lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) have been successfully formulated and have demonstrated anticancer activity on multidrug-resistant cancers in several mice and rat models (glioblastoma, breast cancer, and metastatic melanoma). A recent family of ferrocifens (succinimidoalkyl-ferrociphenols, including <b>P722</b>) appears to be most efficacious on several resistant cancer cell lines, with IC<sub>50</sub> values in the nanomolar range together with promising <i>in vivo</i> results on murine ovarian cancer models. As LNCs are composed of an oily core (caprylic/capric triglycerides), modulation of the succinimido-ferrociphenol lipophilicity could be a valuable approach toward improving the drug loading in LNCs. As the drug loading of the diphenol <b>P722</b> in LNCs was low, it was structurally modified to increase its lipophilicity and thereby the payload in LNCs. Chemical modification led to a series of five succinimido-ferrocifens. Results confirmed that these slight structural modifications led to increased drug loading in LNCs for all ferrocifens, with no reduction of their cytotoxicity on the SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line. Interestingly, encapsulation of two of the ferrocifens, diester <b>P769</b> and monophenolic ester <b>(<i>E</i>)-P998</b>, led to the formation of a gel. This was unprecedented behavior, a phenomenon that could be rationalized in terms of the positioning of ferrocifens in LNCs as shown by the decrease of interfacial tension measurements at the water/oil interface. Moreover, these results highlighted the importance of obtaining a gel of this particular motif, in which the acetylated phenolic ring and the succinimidoalkyl moieties are mutually cis relative to the central double bond. Promising perspectives to use these ferrocifen-loaded LNCs to treat glioblastoma could be readily envisaged by local application of the gel in the cavity after tumor resection.