gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P2‐425: REGIONAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENLARGED PERIVASCULAR SPACES IN RELATIONSHIP TO AMYLOID PET AND CSF Aβ IN ADNI DATASETS (2018)

The brain perivascular space is a route of fluid flow serving to maintain brain homeostasis[1, 2]. Recent studies have shown clearance of interstitial wastes including Aβ by way of the perivascular compartment[2]. Pathological enlargement of perivascular spaces (ePVS) recently has been considered in the context of Alzheimer's[3, 4] and amyloid pathologies[5, 6]. Using novel automated methods for automatically segmenting ePVS in MRI, we evaluated regional ePVS characteristics and amyloid burden in subjects from the ADNI repository. T1 images from 96 ADNI datasets (Table 1) were used to segment white matter (WM) and gray matter compartments (Freesurfer). A modified automated method was applied to segment ePVS based on voxel intensity (AFNI) and per ePVS morphological characteristics (MATLAB)[7]. Deep WM voxels were parcellated by the relative frequency of lobar membership in surrounding juxtacortical WM (FreeSurfer). A k-nearest neighbor algorithm was applied to measure the distance between the ePVS and the cortical ribbon (MATLAB). Clinical, demographic, CSF amyloid, and binary Florbetapir positivity[8] were obtained from the ADNI repository. See Table for summary participant characteristics including ePVS morphology. Frontal and parietal lobes contained the largest normalized count and volume of ePVS compared to occipital and temporal lobes (t(95)=12.5 and 13.6, respectively, p<.0001), although larger (volume, width, length) ePVS localized to occipital and parietal lobes (Figure 2). Age was positively associated with ePVS volume and count (R= 0.34, p <0.001). In amyloid positive participants, high CSF Aβ was associated with low ePVS burden in occipital and parietal regions (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively, Figure 3) . Per ePVS characteristics by lobe (top row) and whole brain (bottom row). Whole brain per-unit-tissue-volume ePVS counts and volumes by lobe (left) and a probability map overlaid on a standard brain (right). Relationship between lobar ePVS burden and CSF Aβ among Amyloid PET positive (blue dots) and negative (black dots) subjects. Among amyloid positive subjects, there was a significant relationship between high CSF Aβ and low ePVS burden in the parietal and occipital lobe, specifically. This report is the first to characterize regional and morphological ePVS in the ADNI datasets and the first to identify regional ePVS with respect to amyloid burden. While frontal and parietal regions had the highest ePVS per unit tissue volume, findings of highest cluster-wise volume in the occipital lobe, in tandem with observations that this region was particularly sensitive to the relationship between amyloid and ePVS, suggest differential draining/clearance characteristics by region. Further analysis of regional amyloid deposition in relation to these findings could provide important insight into the role of ePVS in amyloid clearance and AD risk.
Analytic asymptotic performance of topological codes (2013)

Topological quantum error-correction codes are extremely practical, typically requiring only a two-dimensional lattice of qubits with tunable nearest-neighbor interactions yet tolerating high physical error rates $p$. It is computationally expensive to simulate the performance of such codes at low $p$, yet this is a regime we wish to study as low physical error rates lead to low qubit overhead. We present a very general method of analytically estimating the low-$p$ performance of the most promising class of topological codes. Our method can handle arbitrary periodic quantum circuits implementing the error detection associated with this class of codes, and arbitrary Pauli error models for each type of quantum gate. Our analytic expressions take only seconds to obtain, versus hundreds of hours to perform equivalent low-$p$ simulations.
Detection of Instruments Inserted into Eye in Cataract Surgery Using Single-shot Multibox Detector (2022)

Estimating the position of a surgical instrument and identifying its type are important first steps in developing surgical assistance and automation technology. However, there are few reports on object detection technology using a surgical microscope in the field of ophthalmology. Some of the major challenges in position estimation and tool recognition under microsurgery in this field are that the target area is narrow, the image may be distorted through refraction at the air-liquid interface, and the angle of view is often enlarged or reduced as needed by the surgeon. To address these challenges, we applied a single-shot multibox detector (SSD) technique to determine the position and type of an instrument during cataract surgery. SSD is an object detection technique with superior accuracy and processing speed to existing deep-learningbased detection methods. Using this method, we detected two major surgical tools in images during cataract surgery and obtained a mean average precision of 0.75. Our results show that it is possible to recognize instruments inserted in the eye and estimate their positions.
Augmented Reality and Robotic-Assistance for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (2020)

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is considered the gold standard for the treatment of patients with renal stones larger than 20 mm in diameter. The success and treatment outcomes of the surgery are very well known to be highly dependent on the precision and accuracy of the puncture step, since it must allow to reach the stone with a precise and direct path. Thus, performing the renal access during PCNL is the most crucial and challenging step of the procedure with the steepest learning curve. In this letter, we propose an innovative solution, based on an AR application combined with a robotic system, that can assist both an expert surgeon in improving the performance of the surgical operation and a novel surgeon in strongly reducing his/her learning curve. The proposed system is validated on a setup including a KUKA LWR 4+ robot and the Microsoft HoloLens as augmented reality headset, through experiments performed by a sample of 11 users.
Selective NOESY (2007)

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Measurement of Cross Relaxation 3 Quenching of Spin Diffusion 4 Biographical Sketch Related Articles
What Happens to Embryos When a Marriage Dissolves? Embryo Disposition and Divorce (2009)

We live in a world where infertility is no longer the problem of a miniscule part of our population.Infertility now affects more than 7.3 million people in
Diffusion approximation for a dissipative random medium and the applications (1994)

In almost all of the literature, the diffusion coefficient derived from a conventional transport equation changes with the absorption coefficient when there is a dissipation in the medium. The situation is also the same for the time-independent diffusion equation. In recent numerical simulations made for a biological-mechanical purpose, it happened that the absorption coefficient was increased up to one tenth of the total scattering cross section per unit volume; thereby it was strongly suggested that the diffusion coefficient should preferably be independent of the absorption coefficient. The purpose of this paper is to show theoretically that this is definitely the case. Moreover, several basic equations for applications to optical tomography and photon migration are given.
INHIBITING EFFECT OF 6-AZAURIDINE UPON REPRODUCTION OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (1969)

Abstract : It was revealed that 6-azauridine suppresses the reproduction of herpes simplex virus and partially inhibits the development of a cytopathogenic effect under the influence of virus infection. Possible mechanisms of the antivirus action of 6-azauridine are discussed.
Application of a topical anesthetic reduces pain-associated parameters during spermatic cord transection in piglet castration using a minimal anesthesia model (2023)

In this anesthesia model, the application of TS after skin incision significantly reduced MAP responses and nocifensive movements with spermatic cord transection compared with the application of P. However, the waiting period between TS-application and spermatic cord transection might limit the benefit of the method in conscious piglets, as pain during castration is reduced but additional stress is caused by the prolonged handling. Furthermore, using a vapocoolant did not provide anesthesia for skin incisions.
QAM quantum stream cipher using digital coherent optical transmission (2014)

A Quantum Stream Cipher (QSC) using Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is presented to greatly increase the secure degree compared with ASK or PSK/QSC. We propose encoding multi-bit data in one symbol with a multi-bit basis state, resulting in QAM/QSC, which employs amplitude and phase encryption of the light beam simultaneously. A 16 QAM/QSC experiment at 10 Gbit/s was successfully carried out over 160 km using a digital coherent optical transmission technique, where 16 QAM data were encrypted in a constellation with 32 × 32~4096 × 4096 symbols. We show experimentally that the Number of Masked Signals (NMS) in the quantum noise Γ(QAM) for QAM/QSC becomes a square multiple larger than Γ(ASK) for ASK/QSC. Γ(QAM) exceeds 10,000. This result indicates that the QSC technique is more robust against eavesdroppers than ASK or PSK/QSC.
Distal Radius Fractures in the Elderly (2017)

Distal radius fractures are common in elderly patients, and the incidence continues to increase as the population ages. The goal of treatment is to provide a painless extremity with good function. In surgical decision making, special attention should be given to the patient's bone quality and functional activity level. Most of these fractures can be treated nonsurgically, and careful closed reduction should aim for maintenance of anatomic alignment with a focus on protecting fragile soft tissues. Locked plating is typically used for fracture management when surgical fixation is appropriate. Surgical treatment improves alignment, but improvement in radiographic parameters may not lead to better clinical outcomes. Treatment principles, strategies, and clinical outcomes vary for these injuries, with elderly patients warranting special consideration.
Las cuencas hidrográficas internacionales: sistemas reservorio de agua dulce para la cooperación o el conflicto (2008)

"En el marco de las relaciones entre países adquiere mayor relevancia el tema ambiental, en particular, los recursos hídricos por las implicaciones geoestratégicas que de su manejo se derivan y por la problemática global que representa la disponibilidad y calidad del agua para consumo humano. Dada la condición para Venezuela de "país aguas abajo" con respecto a Colombia, el presente trabajo de tipo descriptivo documental, aspira revisar aspectos conceptuales y legales del término así como rasgos de la problemática ambiental en la frontera suroccidental. Además se aborda un nuevo escenario en el que la seguridad incluye el orden ambiental en situaciones de conflicto o de cooperación. Ambos países han firmado declaraciones y acuerdos sin mayor impacto en las comunidades fronterizas quienes merecen un desarrollo humano a partir de una gestión bajo la premisa de la sostenibilidad de los recursos, entre ellos, el agua."
HierarchicalTopics: Visually Exploring Large Text Collections Using Topic Hierarchies (2013)

Analyzing large textual collections has become increasingly challenging given the size of the data available and the rate that more data is being generated. Topic-based text summarization methods coupled with interactive visualizations have presented promising approaches to address the challenge of analyzing large text corpora. As the text corpora and vocabulary grow larger, more topics need to be generated in order to capture the meaningful latent themes and nuances in the corpora. However, it is difficult for most of current topic-based visualizations to represent large number of topics without being cluttered or illegible. To facilitate the representation and navigation of a large number of topics, we propose a visual analytics system--HierarchicalTopic (HT). HT integrates a computational algorithm, Topic Rose Tree, with an interactive visual interface. The Topic Rose Tree constructs a topic hierarchy based on a list of topics. The interactive visual interface is designed to present the topic content as well as temporal evolution of topics in a hierarchical fashion. User interactions are provided for users to make changes to the topic hierarchy based on their mental model of the topic space. To qualitatively evaluate HT, we present a case study that showcases how HierarchicalTopics aid expert users in making sense of a large number of topics and discovering interesting patterns of topic groups. We have also conducted a user study to quantitatively evaluate the effect of hierarchical topic structure. The study results reveal that the HT leads to faster identification of large number of relevant topics. We have also solicited user feedback during the experiments and incorporated some suggestions into the current version of HierarchicalTopics.
Unusually Large Plasma Factor VIII: von Willebrand Factor Multimers in Chronic Relapsing Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (1982)

A platelet-agglutinating factor has been detected in the plasma of some patients during episodes of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).1 , 2 Agglutination induced in vitro by this plasma factor is inhibited by normal plasma and does not require platelet production of the arachidonic acid metabolite thromboxane A2, release of granule contents, platelet metabolism, or calcium or magnesium ions.3 These characteristics are similar to those of agglutination induced in vitro by the attachment to platelets of large, multimeric, von Willebrand factor components of the factor VIII complex (VIII:vWF), and this similarity led us in the present study to investigate the properties . . .
Optimum mixing of hypergolic propellants in an unlike doublet injector element (1970)

Optimum penetration and separation mixing of unlike doublet injector element with hypergolic hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide propellants
Modulation of Fluorescent Protein Chromophores To Detect Protein Aggregation with Turn-On Fluorescence (2018)

We present a fluorogenic method to visualize misfolding and aggregation of a specific protein-of-interest in live cells using structurally modulated fluorescent protein chromophores. Combining photophysical analysis, X-ray crystallography, and theoretical calculation, we show that fluorescence is triggered by inhibition of twisted-intramolecular charge transfer of these fluorophores in the rigid microenvironment of viscous solvent or protein aggregates. Bioorthogonal conjugation of the fluorophore to Halo-tag fused protein-of-interests allows for fluorogenic detection of both misfolded and aggregated species in live cells. Unlike other methods, our method is capable of detecting previously invisible misfolded soluble proteins. This work provides the first application of fluorescent protein chromophores to detect protein conformational collapse in live cells.
New Observations of Solar Plasma Variability from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) (2011)

The launch of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) in February 2010 now allows for continuous observations of the Sun on all times scales from seconds to years. The variations in the solar plasma on these time scales cause significant deviations in the Earth and space environments on similar time scales, such as affecting the densities and composition of particular atoms, molecules, and ions in the atmospheres of Earth and other planets. Presented and discussed will be examples of initial results from SDO that show how different temperature plasmas (from 50,OOOK to 20MK+), corresponding to different solar features in the solar atmosphere, evolve and change during solar eruptive events. The presentation will emphasize how the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), the first satellite in NASA's Living with a Star program, has already improved upon current observations and how it will continue provide further insights into the variable Sun and its Heliospheric influence.
Electrodeposition of NiFe and Fe nanopillars (2001)

Electron beam lithography combined with electrodeposition was used to fabricate arrays of NiFe and Fe nanomagnets with high aspect ratios (height/diameter). MFM-measurements show the single domain behavior of the NiFe-pillars, which have an easy axis parallel to their long axis. AGM-measurements carried out on large NiFe-arrays clearly show the increasing importance of interaction effects with decreasing periodicity. On top of overgrown Fe-pillars a nanocrystalline structure can be observed.
Thermoelectric propertie of Ge based electron crystal phonon glass materials (2013)

We report on the elaboration of germanium manganese nanostructured thin films and the measurement of their thermoelectric properties. We investigate the growth of Ge:Mn layers along with a thorough structural characterization of this materials at the nanoscale. The room temperature thermoelectric properties of these layers containing spherical inclusions are discussed regarding their potential as a model of "electron crystal phonon glass material". We show that the thermal conductivity can be decreased by a factor of 30, even if the electronic properties can be conserved as in the bulk. The thermoelectric performance ZT of such material is as high as 0.15 making them a promising thermoelectric p-type material for Ge related application.
Expression, purification and characterization of human interferon-γ in Pichia pastoris (2013)

Human interferon-γ (hIFN-γ) is a multifunctional protein known to possess immunoregulatory, antiviral and anticancer functions. In the present study, in order to explore the biological roles of hIFN-γ and its mechanisms of action, IFN-γ was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) under the control of alcohol oxidase promoter 1 (AOX1). The protein was secreted by two different signal peptides, the native secretion signal peptide of hIFN-γ and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae α signal peptide. Following 96 h of methanol induction, Tricine-SDS-PAGE Coomassie staining, western blot analysis and N-terminal protein sequencing revealed that the level of recombinant hIFN-γ (rhIFN-γ) secreted by the native secretion signal was barely detectable, while the α signal peptide secreted ~300 mg/l. rhIFN-γ was purified by Vivaflow 200, SP Sepharose Fast Flow and Vivaspin 2 ml, yielding >96% of a highly purified rhIFN-γ preparation, with a specific activity of 1 x 10(7)-1.4 x 10(7) IU/mg protein as determined by an antiviral assay. The results demonstrated that the experimental procedures developed are capable of producing a large quantity of active rhIFN-γ from P. pastoris.
Molecular Patchwork: Chromosomal Recombination between Two Helicobacter pylori Strains during Natural Colonization (2003)

Genetic analysis of two Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from a single gastric biopsy showed evidence of extensive horizontal gene transfer. Several large recombinations were identified in the rdxA gene, which is involved in metronidazole resistance.
Millimeter wave radar connected by radio over fiber for foreign objects and debris detection on airport surface (2017)

Analog wireless link on the fiber is the key technology to deliver the millimeter wave signal to the remote antenna units. Authors are developing a Foreign Objects and Debris (FOD) detection system based on millimeter wave radar connected by Radio over Fiber for runway surveillance in the airport. This radar consists a central station and several remote antenna units to cover the vast area of the runway. The architecture of the system and result of the preliminary test in Narita International Airport are presented.
Polymeric Nanofibers Manufactured by Electrospinning of Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene (SEBS) Composites (2019)

The study aimed to synthesize nanofibers based on styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block-copolymers (SEBS) [1] and its composite derivatives, through the electrospinning (Figure 1) process [2]. [...]
Effectiveness of Ruelene Applied as Localized “Pour-On”and as Spray for Cattle Grub Control1 (1960)

Ruelene® (4-tert-butyl-2-chlorophenyl methyl methylphos-phoramidate), formulated as a 4 lb./gal. emulsifiable concentrate, was applied to cattle for the control of cattle grubs, Hypoderma lineatum (De Vill.) and H. bovis (L.). Applications were made by high pressure spray at 0.25% concentration, and by a localized “pour-on” technique (details of which are described) utilizing, in the definitive tests, a long-handled dipper to discharge 100 ml. of concentrated emulsion on the back of each test animal. Direct comparison was made of a thorough-coverage spray, at 0.25%, with a“pour-on” application consisting of 20 ml. of the 4 Ib./gal. E.C. in 100 ml./head (equivalent to 1 gal. 0.25% spray-mix or 9.6 gm. actual Ruelene). The spray gave 80% and the “pour-on” gave 99% control (8 calves/treatment, 25.4 grubs/head in untreated controls). Equivalent but slight erythrocyte cholinesterase depression was detected in both treated groups. Slight weight gain differentials favored the treated groups but without significance. A group of 49 calves similarly treated by the “pour-on” technique demonstrated 96% to 98% reduction as compared with 45 well-infested, untreated controls. In another “pour-on” test 14 calves treated at a 10 ml. dosage showed 85% to 88% reduction; another 14 calves treated at a 20-ml. dosage showed 98% reduction; and 9 calves treated at a 40-ml. dosage showed 100% reduction in the number of grubs present as compared with 11 untreated controls. Some mild skin irritation was seen in some heavily dosed dairy eattle, but none occurred on any of the Hereford cattle treated in these tests.
An interconnect-free micro-electromechanical 7-bit arithmetic device for multi-operand programmable computing (2023)

Computational power density and interconnection between transistors have grown to be the dominant challenges for the continued scaling of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology due to limited integration density and computing power. Herein, we designed a novel, hardware-efficient, interconnect-free microelectromechanical 7:3 compressor using three microbeam resonators. Each resonator is configured with seven equal-weighted inputs and multiple driven frequencies, thus defining the transformation rules for transmitting resonance frequency to binary outputs, performing summation operations, and displaying outputs in compact binary format. The device achieves low power consumption and excellent switching reliability even after 3 × 10<sup>3</sup> repeated cycles. These performance improvements, including enhanced computational power capacity and hardware efficiency, are paramount for moderately downscaling devices. Finally, our proposed paradigm shift for circuit design provides an attractive alternative to traditional electronic digital computing and paves the way for multioperand programmable computing based on electromechanical systems.