gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viscoelastic Properties of Glucose Glass near Its Transition Temperature (1965)

Storage (G′) and loss (G″) shear moduli of supercooled glucose have been measured at thirteen temperatures from 27.4 to 41.1°C in the frequency range from 0.3 to 1.8 cps. Shear creep has been measured at four temperatures from 41.1 to 47.6°C. The temperature dependence of the storage moduli and the creep compliance was described by reducing the time and frequency scales with shift factors calculated from the WLF equation, the constants corresponding to a fractional free volume of 0.026 at 41.1°C and a free volume expansion coefficient of 3.6×10−4 deg−1. The loss moduli plotted against reduced frequency did not give a single composite curve, however. Conversion of the dynamic measurements to creep compliance by approximation methods provided the latter function over ten decades of logarithmic time except for a gap of three decades in the middle of the range. At long times, the creep was indistinguishable from viscous flow; the viscosity at 41.1°C was 1.82×1010 poise. At short times, the limiting creep compliance appeared to be 0.32×10−16 cm2/dyne, and there was an additional time-dependent compliance of at least this magnitude with a broad distribution of retardation times. The relaxation and retardation spectra were calculated for this region.
Learning Brainstem Anatomy using App in the CG Simulation Era (2021)

脳幹部海綿状血管奇形では, 神経症状のリスク, 病変を全摘出できる視野の確保, およびsafe entry zone (SEZ) などを考慮しつつ, 病変の最表層部を進入口としたアプローチを三次元空間的に検討する必要がある. そのためには, 脳幹内の神経線維や神経核などの解剖知識が必須となる. 本稿では脳幹の解剖を三次元的に理解することを目的として, 脳幹三次元コンピュータ・グラフィックスの無料アプリ ｢脳観｣ を活用しながら, SEZを中心とした脳幹部の解剖について概説する.
Photochemistry of singlet and upper triplet states of dibenzocycloheptadienone (1988)

Dibenzocycloheptadienone (1) undergoes Norrish type I a-cleavage from both its first excited singlet state and an upper triplet state with quantum yields of 0.02 and 0.04, respectively. The major product in both cases is dihydrophenanthrene formed by loss of carbon monoxide from the initial biradical, followed by ring closure. The triplet state of ketone 1 has been characterized by laser flash photolysis. Photolysis of the triplet leads to irreversible bleaching and the generation of a short-lived (-350 ns) transient at 325 nm, which is tentatively assigned to biradical 3.
Stimmungsbilder von der Langen Nacht der Museen am 16. März 2013 (2013)

Zum neunten Mal beteiligte sich die Württembergische Landesbibliothek an der Langen Nacht der Museen mit einer bewährten Mischung aus Führungen, Präsentationen und stimmungsvoller Livemusik.
Production of radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography via laboratory robotics (1987)

The production of radiopharmaceuticals used in positron emission tomography (PET) can require large amounts of activity at the start of synthesis in order to yield sufficient labeled material for clinical studies. Several investigators have developed remote and automated systems for the routine production of PET radiopharmaceuticals in order to reduce radiation exposure to personnel. Such devices, however, suffer from limited flexibility and can be relatively complicated in design. These systems are also limited to the production of a single or a few closely related compounds. Furthermore, changes in chemistry would require considerable modifications in hardware and/or software in order to bring the device back into operation. To circumvent the above limitations associated with the remote production of PET radiopharmaceuticals, the authors have investigated the use of laboratory robotics as a flexible alternative to the synthesis of several short-lived radiopharmaceuticals in a single remote hot cell. The purpose of this investigation is to demonstrate how a single laboratory robot can be used to produce several unrelated radiopharmaceuticals for clinical PET imaging with reduced radiation exposure to personnel and minimal set-up time between each different robotic synthesis.
Retroviral mediated gene transfer of Flt3 ligand enhances proliferation and MAP kinase activity of AML5 cells. (1997)

Flt3/flk-2 ligand (Flt3-L) co-stimulates and synergizes with cytokines such as granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and erythropoietin in the proliferation of bone marrow and cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. To study the biological effects of Flt3-L on the Flt3-L responsive AML5 cell line, the retroviral vector L(Flt3-L)SN was constructed based on the vector LXSN, but containing the human Flt3-L cDNA transcriptionally regulated by the Mo-MLV LTR. High-titer amphotropic producer cells that generated 10(6) cfu/mL after shuttle packaging through ecotropic packaging cells were isolated. AML5 cells were cultured overnight with L(Flt3-L)SN retroviral supernatant, 8 micrograms/mL polybrene, and 100 U/mL G-CSF, and expanded 1 week in medium with G-CSF. Transduced cells were selected in medium containing 0.4 mg/mL G418 and then in medium with 1.0 mg/mL G418. Retroviral mediated gene transfer in G418-resistant cells was confirmed after amplification by PCR of neo-specific sequences in genomic DNA. Northern blot analysis demonstrated L(Flt3-L)SN mRNA expression. Soluble Flt3-L was undetectable (< 100 pg/mL) by ELISA assay of conditioned medium from transduced cells, but Flt3-L was detected on the surface of AML5 cells by FACS analysis. Cells were plated in colony assay with and without 100 ng/mL Flt3-L, 100 U/mL G-CSF, and the combination. Gene transfer or growth factor treatment increased somewhat the clonogenicity of the nontransduced AML5 cells. More strikingly, L(Flt3-L)SN and each growth factor combination greatly increased the size of the resultant colonies such that the size of colonies from AML5/Flt3-L cells without added growth factor approximated that of the AML5 cells stimulated by exogenous soluble Flt3-L. Moreover, MAP kinase activity in L(Flt3-L)SN-transduced cells cultured without soluble Flt3-L was increased to the level induced in control cells by soluble Flt3-L. These results indicate that retroviral mediated gene transfer and autologous expression of the Flt3-L enhances growth and intracellular signaling of AML5 cells, information that should be of value for studying the effects of Flt3-L on immature subsets of primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
Regional scale tectonic evolution and the seismic velocity structure of the lithosphere and upper mantle: The Mediterranean region (1994)

We present a numerical modeling approach, designed for the verification of tectonic reconstructions and for a quantitative analysis of the seismic velocity structure of the lower lithosphere and upper mantle. In this forward modeling procedure we use published reconstructions of the tectonic evolution of a region to predict the thermal structure, from which we calculate physical quantities like P wave velocity, basin subsidence and basement heat flow. We show an application of this approach to two reconstructions of the late Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution of the Mediterranean region. The resulting synthetic velocity models are tested against seismological models of the mantle structure, obtained independently by delay time tomography. Subsidence and heat flow predictions are compared with actual observations to further constrain the geological assumptions underlying the forward models. The mantle models predicted from reconstructions of the evolution of the Mediterranean region correlate with major features in the tomographic images. From our model results we conclude that the present distribution of seismic velocities in the Mediterranean region is largely determined by the tectonic evolution during at least the last 40 m.y. This means we can verify processes represented in different tectonic scenarios with the seismologically determined velocity structure. Seen from a different perspective, the model results contribute to understanding the causes of the velocity structure imaged by delay time tomography by showing how the tectonic evolution results in this structure.
PP-6 Integration and validation of the ex vivo human placenta perfusion model (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Pregnant women and their fetuses are or-phan populations with respect to knowledge on safety and efficacy of drugs. It is estimated that over 90% of pregnant women uses over-the-counter or prescription medication.1 Albeit, data on transplacental transfer or fetal effects are still lacking for most of the medicines and food supplements. The <i>ex vivo</i> human placenta perfusion model is an effective and non-invasive method to study transplacental passage of drugs and environmental com-pounds in humans.2 It is the only method that retains the full structure of a full term human placenta, making it possible to study transplacental passage without harm-ing the foetus or the mother.3 Due to many challenges and its high complexity it remains difficult to incorporate it routinely into laboratories. <h3>Methods</h3> A step-by-step protocol for the implementa-tion and validation of a closed-closed <i>ex vivo</i> perfusion model was developed. Different quality controls were implemented to ensure the integrity, viability and func-tionality of the method: (i). Antipyrine is a small drug molecule that does not bind to proteins and that passes the placental barrier by passive diffusion; It was used here to determine ‘overlap’ (solute exchange) between foetal and maternal circulation; (ii) the pressure and the flow rate in the foetal circulation as a marker for leakage; (iii) pH and glucose consumption were implemented as a marker for tissueviability. <h3>Results</h3> In total 89 placentas were collected of which 34 placentas were successfully perfused with antipyrine and fulfilled all quality control measurements. A foe-tal/maternal antipyrine concentration ratio of 0.75 was reached within 89±21 min, while 210 min were required to achieve equilibrium. The foetal pressure remained un-der 70 mmHg during the entire experiment. The end foe-tal flow was 98% of the foetal starting flow. The average glucose consumption was 0.30±0.15 µmol/min/g. Every 30 min the maternal pH declined to 7.29±0.06 and was adjusted to 7.4. The foetal pH stayed stable at 7.30±0.05. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Based on the multiple quality control mea-surements, the described method of a closed human ex-vivo placenta perfusion model was validated. The success rate (38%) was more than twice the success rate reported in literature (15%).
Study of a 3D FSS-Based Printed Radome Demonstrator for a Patch Antenna at 3.6 GHz (2022)

We present an FSS-based printed radome demonstrator which is used to orientate a patch antenna radiation pattern in 5G applications. The FSS-based pattern is printed onto a plastic hemisphere dome surface by using a jetting piezoelectric technology. The proposed pattern is made of two different unit cells: one is used to reflect radiation waves of the antenna, and the other allows radiation waves of the antenna to pass through. By combining these two types of unit cells, the radiation direction of the antenna can be adjusted. Measurements show that the main radiation direction of the antenna has been adjusted 30 degrees away from the original radiation direction.
Determining activity patterns in retail spaces through video analysis (2008)

Retail establishments want to know about traffic flow and patterns of activity in order to better arrange and staff their business. A large number of fixed video cameras are commonly installed at these locations. While they can be used to observe activity in the retail environment, assigning personnel to this is too time consuming to be valuable for retail analysis. We have developed video processing and visualization techniques that generate presentations appropriate for examining traffic flow and changes in activity at different times of the day. Taking the results of video tracking software as input, our system aggregates activity in different regions of the area being analyzed, determines the average speed of moving objects in the region, and segments time based on significant changes in the quantity and/or location of activity. Visualizations present the results as heat maps to show activity and object counts and average velocities overlaid on the map of the space.
High visibility two-photon interference of entangled photons from a quasi-phase-matched AlGaAs waveguide (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate time-frequency entanglement of photon pairs produced in a cw-pumped quasi-phased-matched AlGaAs superlattice waveguide, producing 8×106 pairs/s with 96.0 ± 0.7% visibility without background subtraction, highest known visibility by far in AlGaAs waveguides.
Preparation of Superoleophobic and Superhydrophobic Titanium Surfaces via an Environmentally Friendly Electrochemical Etching Method (2012)

The preparation of superoleophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces requires surface microgeometries and surface chemistry. In this study, an economical and environmentally friendly electrochemical etching method was developed to prepare superoleophobic and superhydrophobic titanium surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and optical contact angle measurements were used to characterize the surface morphologies, crystal structures, chemical compositions, and wettability of the surfaces for both water and oil. The results show that the prepared superoleophobic surface has water, glycerol, and hexadecane contact angles above 150°, with rolling angles of only 1–2°. Analysis of the electrolyte, the reaction process, and the products demonstrates that the proposed method is inexpensive and environmentally friendly. The effects of electrochemical parameters such as current density, electrochemical etching time, electrolyte temperature, and electrolyte concentration on the surface wettability for water, glycerol, and hexadecane were also investigated. Superoleophobicity and superhydrophobicity can be selectively obtained by varying the electrochemical parameters. The proposed method is believed to be adopted for industrial production of superoleophobic and superhydrophobic titanium surfaces.
Toward inquiry-based education through interacting software agents (1996)

The University of Michigan Digital Library (UMDL) project is creating an infrastructure for rendering library services over a digital network. When fully developed, the UMDL will provide a wealth of information sources and library services to students, researchers, and educators. Tasks are distributed among numerous specialized modules called agents. The three classes of agents are user interface agents, mediator agents, and collection interface agents. Complex tasks are accomplished by teams of specialized agents working together-for example, by interleaving various types of search. The UMDL is being deployed in three arenas: secondary-school science classrooms, the University of Michigan library, and space-science laboratories. The development team expects the scale and diversity of the project to test their technical ideas about distributed agents, interoperability, mediation, and economical resource allocation.
Global estimates of visual impairment: 2010 (2011)

This study indicates that visual impairment in 2010 is a major health issue that is unequally distributed among the WHO regions; the preventable causes are as high as 80% of the total global burden.
Rational design of Pd-TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity through interfacial charge transfer (2019)

A hybrid heterojunction-based photocatalyst is synthesized by an electrostatic self-assembly strategy including surface modification and controlled metal deposition. The interfacial contact was made by mixing negatively charged anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles with positively charged g-C 3 N 4 . Visible-light deposition of Pd nanoparticles largely on TiO 2 was made possible due to the charge transfer from C 3 N 4 (excited by visible light) to the conduction band of TiO 2 reducing Pd ions on contact with its surface. In order to further test the efficiency of this cascade of electron transfer across the conduction bands of the two semiconductors, photocatalytic H 2 production from water was studied. Upon optimizing the ratio of the two semiconductors, increased H 2 production rates were observed and attributed to enhanced charge separation. Catalysts were studied by a variety of techniques in order to probe into their properties and link them to activity. The reaction rate, under visible-light excitation, of the best sample showed an 8-fold enhancement when compared to that of Pd-C 3 N 4 in identical conditions and the highest apparent quantum yield of 31% was achieved by a 0.1%Pd/20%TiO 2 /C 3 N 4 sample in a 420-to 443-nm range.
Grain growth, densification, and gyromagnetic properties of LiZnTi ferrites with H3BO3-Bi2O3-SiO2-ZnO glass addition (2014)

LiZnTi (Li0.43Zn0.27Ti0.13Fe2.17O4) ferrites doped with 0.35 wt. %–1.5 wt. % H3BO3-Bi2O3-SiO2-ZnO (BBSZ) were synthesized through a low temperature ceramic sintering process. The grain growth of LiZnTi ferrites was discussed by using the liquid phase sintering mechanism. BBSZ promoted grain growth via liquid phase sintering, and the optimum addition of BBSZ could reduce porosity of the sample. Meanwhile, selected parameters including saturation induction (BS), coercivity (HC) and ferromagnetic resonance line width (ΔH) were measured as functions of doping content, and their relationships with ferrite porosity and microstructure were also discussed. The LiZnTi ferrite samples containing x = 0.5, 0.65, and 0.8 sintered at 920 °C, 900 °C, and 880 °C, respectively, exhibited high BS and low ΔH values at 9.3 GHz. The addition of proper content of BBSZ can not only improve BS but also reduce HC and ferromagnetic resonance line width (ΔH) by low temperature (∼900 °C) liquid phase sintering.
Topotecan Chemotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer and Brain Metastases: Results of a Pilot Study (2001)

Our results demonstrate that primary chemotherapy with topotecan is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for patients with breast cancer and CNS metastases. Based on this pilot study, future clinical protocols should be developed including multimodal treatment strategies (i.e. radiotherapy).
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Neopeltolide and Analogs (2012)

The synthesis of neopeltolide analogues that contain variations in the oxazole-containing side chain and in the macrolide core are reported along with the GI(50) values for these compounds against MCF-7, HCT-116, and p53 knockout HCT-116 cell lines. Although biological activity is sensitive to changes in the macrocycle and the side chain, several analogues displayed GI(50) values of <25 nM. Neopeltolide and several of the more potent analogues were significantly less potent against p53 knockout cells, suggesting that p53 plays an auxiliary role in the activity of these compounds.
Understanding Compliance with Internet Use Policy: An Integrative Model Based on Command-and- Control and Self-Regulatory Approaches (2010)

Internet security risks, the leading security threats confronting today’s organizations, often result from employees’ non-compliance with the Internet use policy (IUP). Extant studies on the compliance with security policies have largely ignored the impact of intrinsic motivations on employees’ compliance intention. This paper proposes a theoretical model that integrates an extrinsic sanction-based command-and-control approach with an intrinsic self-regulatory approach to examine employees’ IUP compliance intention. The self-regulatory approach centers on the effect of organizational justice and personal moral beliefs against Internet abuses. The results of this study suggest that the self-regulatory approach is more effective than the sanctionbased command-and-control approach. Organizational justice not only influences IUP compliance intention directly, but also indirectly through fostering favorable personal moral beliefs against Internet abuses.
International comparison CCQM-K52: Carbon dioxide in synthetic air (2008)

The first key comparison on carbon dioxide in nitrogen dates from 1993–1994 (CCQM-K1.b). Since then, numerous national metrology institutes (NMIs) have been setting up facilities for gas analysis, and have developed claims for their Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMCs) for these type mixtures. In the April 2005 meeting of the CCQM Gas Analysis Working Group, a policy was proposed to repeat key comparisons for stable mixtures every 10 years. Consequently in 2007 the key comparison CCQM-K52 'Carbon dioxide in synthetic air' was carried out. This comparison is consistent with the proposed policy and enables NMIs that could not participate in the previous comparison to take part.&#13;\n&#13;\nThis report describes the results of a key comparison for carbon dioxide in synthetic air. The amount-of-substance fraction level of carbon dioxide chosen for this key comparison (360 μmol/mol) represents the ambient level of this component in air.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn total 18 NMIs and one WMO laboratory participated in the comparison. The agreement of the results in this key comparison is very good. With a few exceptions, the results agree within 0.3% (or better) with the key comparison reference value.&#13;\n&#13;\nMost of the participants that did not participate in CCQM-K1.b do very well. In some cases, the uncertainties claimed are quite large in comparison with the NMIs for which this comparison is a true 'repeat', but the observed differences with the KCRV usually reflect that these claims are realistic. All participants in CCQM-K1.b that participated in this key comparison show improved results.
A COMPARISON OF PHOTORESPONSE AMONG TEN DIFFERENT KARENIA BREVIS (DINOPHYCEAE) ISOLATES1 (2007)

Many laboratories have solely used the Wilson isolate to physiologically characterize the harmful algal bloom (HAB) dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (C. C. Davis) G. Hansen et Moestrup. However, analysis of one isolate may lead to misinterpretations when extrapolating measurements to field populations. In this study, pulse‐amplitude‐modulated chlorophyll fluorometer (PAM‐FL) relative electron transport rate (ETR), F v / F m , and chl were compared with traditional techniques, such as 14 C photosynthesis versus irradiance (P–E) curves, DCMU [3‐(3′,4′‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethyl urea] F v / F m , and extracted chl. The DCMU and PAM‐FL values of F v / F m ( r 2 = 0.51) and chl ( r 2 = 0.58) were in good agreement. There was no correlation between 14 C and PAM‐FL α, P max , and β parameters because PAM‐FL ETR was only a relative measurement. The PAM‐FL techniques were then used to investigate P–E curves, quantum yield of PSII ( F v / F m ), and chl from 10 K. brevis isolates to determine whether one or all isolates would better represent the species. Comparisons were made with a radial photosynthetron, which allowed for controlled conditions of light and temperature. Isolate α, P max , and β varied between 0.097 and 0.204 μmol e − · m −2 · s −1 · (μmol quanta · m −2 · s −1 ) −1 , 80.41 and 241 μmol e − · m −2 · s −1 , and 0.005 and 0.160 μmol e − · m −2 · s −1 · (μmol quanta · m −2 · s −1 ) −1 , respectively. Either carbon limitation and/or bacterial negative feedback were implicated as the cause of the P–E parameter variability. Furthermore, these results directly contradicted some literature suggestions that K. brevis is a low‐light‐adapted dinoflagellate. Results showed that K. brevis was more than capable of utilizing and surviving in light conditions that may be present on cloudless days off Florida.