gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Including the dynamic relationship between climatic variables and leaf area index in a hydrological model to improve streamflow prediction under a changing climate (2015)

Abstract. Anthropogenic climate change is projected to enrich the atmosphere with carbon dioxide, change vegetation dynamics and influence the availability of water at the catchment scale. This study combines a nonlinear model for estimating changes in leaf area index (LAI) due to climatic fluctuations with the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) hydrological model to improve catchment streamflow prediction under a changing climate. The combined model was applied to 13 gauged sub-catchments with different land cover types (crop, pasture and tree) in the Goulburn–Broken catchment, Australia, for the "Millennium Drought" (1997–2009) relative to the period 1983–1995, and for two future periods (2021–2050 and 2071–2100) and two emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP8.5) which were compared with the baseline historical period of 1981–2010. This region was projected to be warmer and mostly drier in the future as predicted by 38 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) runs from 15 global climate models (GCMs) and for two emission scenarios. The results showed that during the Millennium Drought there was about a 29.7–66.3 % reduction in mean annual runoff due to reduced precipitation and increased temperature. When drought-induced changes in LAI were included, smaller reductions in mean annual runoff of between 29.3 and 61.4 % were predicted. The proportional increase in runoff due to modeling LAI was 1.3–10.2 % relative to not including LAI. For projected climate change under the RCP4.5 emission scenario, ignoring the LAI response to changing climate could lead to a further reduction in mean annual runoff of between 2.3 and 27.7 % in the near-term (2021–2050) and 2.3 to 23.1 % later in the century (2071–2100) relative to modeling the dynamic response of LAI to precipitation and temperature changes. Similar results (near-term 2.5–25.9 % and end of century 2.6–24.2 %) were found for climate change under the RCP8.5 emission scenario. Incorporating climate-induced changes in LAI in the VIC model reduced the projected declines in streamflow and confirms the importance of including the effects of changes in LAI in future projections of streamflow.
Gene Transfer Via Nucleofection Into Adult and Embryonic Stem Cells (2007)

The use of embryonic and adult stem cells as therapeutic agents is gaining momentum. A major impediment in the use of stem cells for genetic disorders is their ability to undergo genetic modification. The recognition of various site-specific integration methods open up a new avenue for gene therapy in stem cells. However, this necessitates efficient delivery of DNA molecule into cells. Most commercially used liposome-mediated transfection reagents are toxic or work poorly with stem cells. Electroporation, while effective in transfecting stem cells, is rather harsh and leads to excessive cell death. Nucleofection, a technology by Amaxa, uses a combination of electric pulse in an appropriate media, which decreases the toxicity and promotes efficient transfection of stem cells. Various types of adult and embryonic stem cells can be successfully transfected using this method, as described in this chapter.
On the efficiency of the orthogonal least squares training method for radial basis function networks (1996)

The efficiency of the orthogonal least squares (OLS) method for training approximation networks is examined using the criterion of energy compaction. We show that the selection of basis vectors produced by the procedure is not the most compact when the approximation is performed using a nonorthogonal basis. Hence, the algorithm does not produce the smallest possible networks for a given approximation error. Specific examples are given using the Gaussian radial basis functions type of approximation networks.
65nm CMOS Circuit design of a sampled analog signal processor dedicated to RF applications (2008)

The software-defined radio (SDR) concept aims at designing a re-configurable radio architecture accepting all cellular or non-cellular standards working in the 0-5 GHz frequency range. Some technical challenges have to be solved in order to address this concept. A fully digital SDR system implying an A/D conversion close to the antenna is not feasible in the case of mobile terminal. This paper presents the design of an analog processor which process RF signal in order to elect and convert into digital only the desired RF signal envelope. It uses the principle of a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to carry out basic analog functions with high accuracy at a low power consumption. Schematic and post layout simulations are exhibited. Estimated die area and power consumption are numbered.
Six Sigma Applications: Enhancement Sigma Level towards Quality Improvement at Automative Company (2014)

Achieving high rate of performance is one of the aims in any organizations, especially under the pressure of competition. This paper presents the implementation of DMAIC Six Sigma Methodology in automotive industry. This project is focused on a critical product which is T605039-003. The objective of the project is to increase the sigma level of the process to 3.5σ. The project started with define phase which is problem identification. Pareto analysis was conducted to find out the critical defect for part T605039-003. As a result, defect of burr at thread was selected for further study. The existing process sigma level is 3.02σ. Measurement System Analysis (MSA) was carried out to validate the measurement system used. Next, the study continues with measure phase. GR&amp;R study is conducted to verify the capability of the measurement equipment and from the result, most of the variation is due to the differences between parts and very little is due to measurement system error. This brings the project to the fourth phase which is the improve phase. A new process is developed to eliminate burr at thread from occurring. The percentage of reject is reduced to 1.59% whereas the sigma level is increased to 3.54σ.
In vivo glucose imaging in multiple model organisms with an engineered single-wavelength sensor (2021)

Glucose is arguably the most important molecule in metabolism, and its dysregulation underlies diabetes. We describe a family of single-wavelength genetically encoded glucose sensors with a high signal-to-noise ratio, fast kinetics, and affinities varying over four orders of magnitude (1 μM to 10 mM). The sensors allow mechanistic characterization of glucose transporters expressed in cultured cells with high spatial and temporal resolution. Imaging of neuron/glia co-cultures revealed ∼3-fold faster glucose changes in astrocytes. In larval Drosophila central nervous system explants, intracellular neuronal glucose fluxes suggested a rostro-caudal transport pathway in the ventral nerve cord neuropil. In zebrafish, expected glucose-related physiological sequelae of insulin and epinephrine treatments were directly visualized. Additionally, spontaneous muscle twitches induced glucose uptake in muscle, and sensory and pharmacological perturbations produced large changes in the brain. These sensors will enable rapid, high-resolution imaging of glucose influx, efflux, and metabolism in behaving animals.
Understanding the Radioactive Ingrowth and Decay of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in the Environment: An Analysis of Produced Fluids from the Marcellus Shale (2015)

Accurate predictions of radioactivity concentrations are critical for estimating doses to potentially exposed individuals and the surrounding environment. These predictions must include an understanding of the geochemistry, decay properties, and ingrowth kinetics of radium and its decay product radionuclides.
Speciation of Arsenic(III) and Arsenic(V) in Sediment Extracts by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography−Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (1996)

Determining the redox states of arsenic (As) in environmental samples is important due to the pronounced differences in toxicity and mobility of the various forms. We have combined the separation capabilities of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the sensitivity and element specificity of hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) to determine arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)], which have been shown to be the most toxic and prevalent forms of As in soil and water. The HPLC−HGAAS technique gave retention times of 2.2 and 4.2 min for As(III) and As(V), respectively. Detection limits of 200 pg of As (0.8 μg L-1 As in solution) were obtained for both As(III) and As(V). The technique was used to determine As(III) and As(V) in deionized water and 1 mM PO4 sequential extracts of estuarine sediment, coal fly ash, and saline evaporation pond sediment. Coal fly ash contained no detectable deionized water-extractable As(III) or As(V), but contained appreciable PO4-extractable As(V). The As(III) species was detected in all extracts of estuarine sediment, though 1 mM PO4 released primarily As(V). Evaporation pond sediment also contained primarily PO4-extractable As(V).
Membrane connectivity estimated by digital image analysis of HER2 immunohistochemistry is concordant with visual scoring and fluorescence in situ hybridization results: algorithm evaluation on breast cancer tissue microarrays (2011)

HER2 IHC digital image analysis based on membrane connectivity estimate was in almost perfect agreement with the visual evaluation of the pathologist and more accurate in detection of HER2 FISH-positive patients. Most immediate benefit of integrating the DA algorithm into the routine pathology HER2 testing may be obtained by alerting/reassuring pathologists of potentially misinterpreted IHC 0/1+ versus 2+ cases.
Investigation of fiber optic Bragg grating sensors for applications in the aviation industry (1999)

This paper presents results of investigations focusing on the use of fiber optic Bragg grating sensors e.g. for experimental stress analysis, determination of wing deformations, flight test installations, health monitoring systems, etc.
Measurement of the phase and amplitude distributions of coupled oscillator arrays (2002)

This paper describes the analysis, design, implementation and characterization of a computer-controlled system that accurately measures the phase and amplitude distributions of a phased antenna array. The proposed setup allows 'on board' measurements and far field radiation pattern collection at the same time. We have measured the phase and amplitude distributions of a coupled oscillator array at 2.4-2.6 GHz. The results are coherent with the theoretical expectations. The amplitude error is less than 5% and the phase error is less than 5/spl deg/. This simple and inexpensive measurement system can be used for automated diagnostics of linear and nonlinear antenna arrays.
ChemInform Abstract: UEBERGANGSMETALL‐CARBEN‐KOMPLEXE 74. MITT. REVERSIBLE ADDITION VON TERTIAEREN PHOSPHINEN AN PENTACARBONYL(METHOXYMETHYLCARBEN)METALL‐KOMPLEXE (1974)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung der tert. Phosphine (II) mit den Carben‐Komplexen (I) bei tiefen Temperaturen erfolgt eine reversible Addition der Phosphine an den Carbenliganden unter Bildung der Verbindungen (III).
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin: A Signaling Kinase for Every Aspect of Cellular Life (2011)

The mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine-threonine kinase that is known to sense the environmental and cellular nutrition and energy status. Diverse mitogens, growth factors, and nutrients stimulate the activation of the two mTOR complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 to regulate diverse functions, such as cell growth, proliferation, development, memory, longevity, angiogenesis, autophagy, and innate as well as adaptive immune responses. Dysregulation of the mTOR pathway is frequently observed in various cancers and in genetic disorders, such as tuberous sclerosis complex or cystic kidney disease. In this review, I will give an overview of the current understanding of mTOR signaling and its role in diverse tissues and cells. Genetic deletion of specific mTOR pathway proteins in distinct tissues and cells broadened our understanding of the cell-specific roles of mTORC1 and mTORC2. Inhibition of mTOR is an established therapeutic principle in transplantation medicine and in cancers, such as renal cell carcinoma. Pharmacological targeting of both mTOR complexes by novel drugs potentially expand the clinical applicability and efficacy of mTOR inhibition in various disease settings.
A Functional 41-Stage Ring Oscillator Using Scaled FinFET Devices With 25-nm Gate Lengths and 10-nm Fin Widths Applicable for the 45-nm CMOS Node (2004)

We have fabricated a functional FinFET ring oscillator with a physical gate length of 25 nm and a fin width of 10 nm, the smallest ever reported. We demonstrate that these narrow (W/sub fin/ = 10 nm) and tall (H/sub fin/ = 60 - 80 nm) fins can be reliably etched with controlled profiles and that they are required to keep the short-channel effects under control, resulting in drain-induced barrier leakage characteristics of 45 mV/V at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> = 1 V and L/sub g/ = 25 nm for the nFET. For these ultrathin (10 nm) fins, we have succeeded in properly setting the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> at 0.2 V without the use of metal gates. In addition to ring oscillators, we also have obtained excellent pFET FinFET devices at wider fin widths (W/sub fin/ = 65 nm) with I/sub dsat/ = 380 μA/μm at I/sub off/ = 60 nA/μm and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> = -1.2 V.
False prophets (2002)

In order to develop technology that promotes social interaction rather than isolation, we are exploring the space between board games and video games. We created a hybrid game that leverages the advantages of both physical and digital media. A custom sensor interface promotes physical interaction around the shared public display while the un-oriented tabletop display encourages players to focus on each other rather than on the interface to the game. The ensuing social interactions define the course that the game takes, while the computer enhances the gaming experience by completing the menial tasks and providing dynamic, exciting environments. Our hybrid board/video game has the potential to enhance natural and enjoyable recreational interaction between friends.
Re: Reasons for Discontinuing Active Surveillance: Assessment of 21 Centres in 12 Countries in the Movember GAP3 Consortium (2019)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey1 Feb 2020Re: Reasons for Discontinuing Active Surveillance: Assessment of 21 Centres in 12 Countries in the Movember GAP3 Consortium Samir S. TanejaMD Samir S. TanejaSamir S. Taneja More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000000648AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Reasons for Discontinuing Active Surveillance: Assessment of 21 Centres in 12 Countries in the Movember GAP3 Consortium." The Journal of Urology, 203(2), pp. 252–253 Suggested Reading : Long-term cancer specific anxiety in men undergoing active surveillance of prostate cancer: findings from a large prospective cohort. J Urol 2018; 200: 1250. Link, Google Scholar : Variation in guideline concordant active surveillance followup in diverse urology practices. J Urol 2017; 197: 621. Link, Google Scholar © 2020 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 203Issue 2February 2020Page: 252-253 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2020 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Samir S. Taneja More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
3P142 Angle dependency of ATP-binding constant of F1-ATPase (2004)

The Biophysioal Sooiety of Japan General 工 noorporated Assooiation 3P141 Rotatio 皿 and hydrolysis activities of FrATPase with γ subunit truncations
[Alpha blockers in use for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia--are all drugs born equal?]. (2008)

Alpha-adrenergic blockers are an established form of medical treatment for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Several medications of the class are available, each with its own characteristics. The authors attempted to define the differences between the currently available medications (Terazosin, Doxazosin, Alfuzosin, and Tamsulosin), and to present an evidence-based recommendation for choosing the best treatment option. A literature search was conducted, using Medline queries and the references of review papers, in search of pertinent studies. These included controlled studies comparing the results of treatment with alpha blockers to placebo, or direct comparative studies of alpha blockers, and real life practice, community studies of each of the medications. A similar efficacy emerged from the reviewed articles, but with a different adverse events profile. A higher rate of vasodilatatory, cardiovascular side effects (dizziness, fatigue, and hypotension) was observed with terazosin and doxazosin, when compared with the uroselective alfuzosin and tamsulosin. Of the latter two, hypotension was more frequent with alfuzosin, while ejaculatory dysfunction was more frequent with tamsulosin. In conclusion, each of the four medications is a possible treatment option for BPH, but we believe alfuzosin and tamsulosin are the better choice. In light of an identical efficacy, these medications offer better tolerability, and ease of use of a once daily treatment without dose titration. The choice between the two should be tailored to the individual patient, with alfuzosin associated with hypotensive side effects, and tamsulosin causing ejaculatory dysfunction.
Direct determination of trace lithium in serum by graphite furnace AAS. (1987)

生体中のLiの役割が注目されるようになってきた今日,生体試料中のLi量の迅速かつ簡便な定量方法を確立することが重要になってきている.本研究では,血清中のppbレベルのLiを前処理なしに直接黒鉛炉AASにより定量する方法を示した.血清試料に対しては,大量の共存Naの干渉を避けるために2回脱イオン水により4倍希釈を行った.硫酸アンモニウムを添加剤として加えることで,塩素及び他のイオンの干渉を排除した.又,高い灰化温度(900℃)を設定することで血清中の有機物による影響をも取り除いた.測定にはLiの共鳴線670.8nmを,又バックグラウンド補正のためにZr の 670.2nm を用いた.本法を用いると,0.04~30ppb及び30~3000ppbの領域で直線の検量線が得られた.又,過去に報告されている前処理を行う方法に比べて,感度及び信頼性でも優れていることが分かった.更に,実際に健康な人と精神病患者の血清試料を分析し,Li濃度が精神疾患に対応して減少していることを示した.
193-nm lithography (1995)

The trend in microelectronics toward printing features 0.25 /spl mu/m and below has motivated the development of lithography at the 193-nm wavelength of argon fluoride excimer lasers. This technology is in its early stages, but a picture is emerging of its strengths and limitations. The change in wavelength from 248 to 193 nm will require parallel progress in projection systems, optical materials, and photo-resist chemistries and processes. This paper reviews the current status of these various topics as they have been engineered under a multiyear program at MIT Lincoln Laboratory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Efficient structured prediction for 3D indoor scene understanding (2012)

Existing approaches to indoor scene understanding formulate the problem as a structured prediction task focusing on estimating the 3D bounding box which best describes the scene layout. Unfortunately, these approaches utilize high order potentials which are computationally intractable and rely on ad-hoc approximations for both learning and inference. In this paper we show that the potentials commonly used in the literature can be decomposed into pair-wise potentials by extending the concept of integral images to geometry. As a consequence no heuristic reduction of the search space is required. In practice, this results in large improvements in performance over the state-of-the-art, while being orders of magnitude faster.
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by the 5'-triphosphate beta enantiomers of cytidine analogs (1994)

(-)-beta-L-2',3'-Dideoxycytidine (L-ddC) and (-)-beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine (L-FddC) have been reported to be potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) in vitro. In the present study, the 5'-triphosphates of L-ddC (L-ddCTP) and L-FddC (L-FddCTP) were demonstrated to competitively inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), with inhibition constants (KiS) of 2 and 1.6 microM, respectively, when a poly(rI).oligo(dC)10-15 template primer was used; in comparison Ki values for beta-D-2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate (D-ddCTP) and beta-D-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine 5'-triphosphate (D-FddCTP) were 1.1 and 1.4 microM, respectively. Use of the mutant RT at position 184 (substitution of methionine to valine [M184V]), which is associated with resistance to beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) and beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine (FTC), resulted in significant increases (50- to 60-fold) in Ki values for L-ddCTP and L-FddCTP, whereas the elevation in Ki values for D-ddCTP and D-FddCTP was moderate (2-fold). L-ddCTP and L-FddCTP did not inhibit human DNA polymerases alpha and beta up to 100 microM. In contrast, D-ddCTP and D-FddCTP inhibited human DNA polymerase beta, with Ki values of 0.5 and 2.5 microM, respectively. By using sequencing analysis, L-ddCTP and L-FddCTP exhibited DNA chain-terminating activities toward the parental HIV-1 RT, whereas they were not a substrate for the mutant M184V HIV-1 RT.L-ddC and L-FddC did not inhibit the mitochondrial DNA content of human cells up to a concentration of 10 microM, whereas D-ddC and D-FddC decreased the mitochondrial DNA content by 90% at concentrations of 1 and 10 microM, respectively. All of these results suggest that further development of L-ddC, and L-FddC in particular, is warranted as a possible anti-HIV candidate.
Regularization Learning for Image Recognition (2019)

In order to reduce overfitting for the image recognition application, this paper proposes a novel regularization learning algorithm for deep learning. Above all, we propose a novel probabilistic representation for explaining the architecture of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), which demonstrates that the hidden layers close to the input formulate prior distributions, thus DNNs have an explicit regularization, namely the prior distributions. Furthermore, we show that the backpropagation learning algorithm is the reason for overfitting because it cannot guarantee precisely learning the prior distribution. Based on the proposed theoretical explanation for deep learning, we propose a novel regularization learning algorithm for DNNs. In contrast to most existing regularization methods reducing overfitting by decreasing the training complexity of DNNs, the proposed method reduces overfitting through training the corresponding prior distribution in a more efficient way, thereby deriving a more powerful regularization. Simulations demonstrate the proposed probabilistic representation on a synthetic dataset and validate the proposed regularization on the CIFAR-10 dataset.