gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific duodenal and faecal bacterial groups associated with paediatric coeliac disease (2008)

Duodenal and faecal microbiota is unbalanced in children with untreated CD and only partially restored after long-term treatment with a GFD, constituting a novel factor linked to this disorder.
Kinetic resolution in asymmetric anti aldol reactions of branched and straight chain racemic 2-phenylsulfanyl aldehydes: asymmetric synthesis of cyclic ethers and lactones by phenylsulfanyl migration (1996)

The kinetic resolution of branched and straight chain 2-phenylsulfanyl aldehydes by the Lewis acid-catalysed asymmetric anti aldol reaction followed by reduction to single enantiomers of 1,3-diols and/or acid-catalysed cyclisation with PhS migration provides a route to enantiomerically pure cyclic ethers and lactones with full stereochemical control.
Activity-enhancing mutations in an E3 ubiquitin ligase identified by high-throughput mutagenesis (2013)

Although ubiquitination plays a critical role in virtually all cellular processes, mechanistic details of ubiquitin (Ub) transfer are still being defined. To identify the molecular determinants within E3 ligases that modulate activity, we scored each member of a library of nearly 100,000 protein variants of the murine ubiquitination factor E4B (Ube4b) U-box domain for auto-ubiquitination activity in the presence of the E2 UbcH5c. This assay identified mutations that enhance activity both in vitro and in cellular p53 degradation assays. The activity-enhancing mutations fall into two distinct mechanistic classes: One increases the U-box:E2-binding affinity, and the other allosterically stimulates the formation of catalytically active conformations of the E2∼Ub conjugate. The same mutations enhance E3 activity in the presence of another E2, Ube2w, implying a common allosteric mechanism, and therefore the general applicability of our observations to other E3s. A comparison of the E3 activity with the two different E2s identified an additional variant that exhibits E3:E2 specificity. Our results highlight the general utility of high-throughput mutagenesis in delineating the molecular basis of enzyme activity.
Vaccine farming in Cape Town (2011)

The review details the development of the Subunit Vaccine Group at the University of Cape Town, from its beginnings as a plant virology laboratory in the 1980s. The investigation and development of Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Human immunodeficiency vaccine candidates are covered in detail, with an emphasis on how this work allowed the evolution of a systematic approach to the optimisation of expression of these and other proteins especially in plants, but also in insect cell culture. We discuss various insights gained during our work, such as approaches to codon optimisation, use of different vector systems and plant hosts, intracellular targetting and gene modification. The future prospects for both our work and for the field of plant-made vaccines in general, are discussed.
TEDDY–The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (2006)

The aim of the TEDDY study is to identify infectious agents, dietary factors, or other environmental agents, including psychosocial factors, which may either trigger islet autoimmunity, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), or both. The study has two end points: (a) appearance of islet autoantibodies and (b) clinical diagnosis of T1DM. Six clinical centers screen newborns for high-risk HLA genotypes. As of December 2005 a total of 54,470 newborns have been screened. High-risk HLA genotypes among 53,560 general population (GP) infants were 2576 (4.8%) and among 910 newborns with a first-degree relative (FDR) were 194 (21%). A total of 1061 children have been enrolled. The initial enrollment results demonstrate the feasibility of this complex and demanding a prospective study.
Citrulline Supplementation Improves Organ Perfusion and Arginine Availability under Conditions with Enhanced Arginase Activity (2015)

Enhanced arginase-induced arginine consumption is believed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease-induced end organ failure. Enhancement of arginine availability with L-arginine supplementation exhibited less consistent results; however, L-citrulline, the precursor of L-arginine, may be a promising alternative. In this study, we determined the effects of L-citrulline compared to L-arginine supplementation on arginine-nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, arginine availability and microcirculation in a murine model with acutely-enhanced arginase activity. The effects were measured in six groups of mice (n = 8 each) injected intraperitoneally with sterile saline or arginase (1000 IE/mouse) with or without being separately injected with L-citrulline or L-arginine 1 h prior to assessment of the microcirculation with side stream dark-field (SDF)-imaging or in vivo NO-production with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Arginase injection caused a decrease in plasma and tissue arginine concentrations. L-arginine and L-citrulline supplementation both enhanced plasma and tissue arginine concentrations in arginase-injected mice. However, only the citrulline supplementation increased NO production and improved microcirculatory flow in arginase-injected mice. In conclusion, the present study provides for the first time in vivo experimental evidence that L-citrulline, and not L-arginine supplementation, improves the end organ microcirculation during conditions with acute arginase-induced arginine deficiency by increasing the NO concentration in tissues.
Performance of Tantalum-Surface Alloy on Stainless Steel and Multiple Corrosion Resistant Alloys in Laboratory Evaluation of Deep Well Acidizing Environments (2011)

Abstract This paper describes the results of a laboratory study evaluating corrosion resistance of a tantalum surface alloy on stainless steel and multiple corrosion resistant alloys in a laboratory simulation of two deep well acidizing environments. Acidizing is a common practice in oil production where well-stimulation acids are pumped through tubular goods into an oil reservoir in order to remove formation damage, increase porosity in the formation, and clean deposits from tubulars. These acids can cause high corrosion rates on nearly every alloy utilized in production. General and localized corrosion susceptibility of alloys 316L (UNS S31603), Ti 6-4 (UNS R56400), Ti 6-2-4-6 (UNS R56260), C276 (UNS N10276) and a tantalum (Ta) surface alloy on 316L in high temperature mineral and organic acids was assessed. The two acidizing environments that were studied included 10% acetic acid and a mixture of 10% acetic acid and 10% hydrochloric acid with 15 psia (0.1 MPa) hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at 450 °F (232 °C). The paper also presents the possible use of tantalum surface alloys on commonly employed steels in the oilfield for improved resistance to extreme environments where nickel and titanium alloys fare poorly.
Compressed Sensing Method for IGBT High-Speed Switching Time On-Line Monitoring (2018)

Condition monitoring (CM) has been considered as a promising technique to improve the reliability of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). Among various condition parameters, switching time is a good health status indicator to detect IGBT failures. However, on-line monitoring of the IGBT high-speed switching time is still difficult in practice due to the requirement of the extremely high sampling rate for signal acquisition. To overcome the technical difficulty, this paper provides an innovative compressed sensing (CS) method to achieve equivalent sampling performance for high-speed IGBT switching time monitoring with a lower sampling rate. By utilizing the sparse characteristics of an IGBT switching signal, the sampling rate in the CS method could be far less than the traditional Nyquist sampling rate. To clarify the method, the CM mechanism using IGBT switching time is first analyzed. Then, three key points in the CS method are studied, i.e., the selection of sparsifying basis, the design of a measurement matrix, and the implementation of a reconstruction algorithm. Finally, experiments are carried out to investigate the performance of the CS method for on-line CM. Experimental results show that the IGBT turn-off time at different temperatures can be accurately monitored with a highly compressed sampling rate, which validates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Modeling geometric structure and illumination variation of a scene from real images (2002)

We present in this paper a system which automatically builds, from real images, a scene model containing both 3D geometric information of the scene structure and its photometric information under various illumination conditions. The geometric structure is recovered from images taken from distinct viewpoints. Structure-from-motion and correlation-based stereo techniques are used to match pixels between images of different viewpoints and to reconstruct the scene in 3D space. The photometric property is extracted from images taken under different illumination conditions (orientation, position and intensity of the light sources). This is achieved by computing a low-dimensional linear space of the spatio-illumination volume, and is represented by a set of basis images. The model that has been built can be used to create realistic renderings from different viewpoints and illumination conditions. Applications include object recognition, virtual reality and product advertisement.
GIRAF: General Purpose In-Storage Resistive Associative Framework (2021)

GIRAF is a General purpose In-storage Resistive Associative Framework based on resistive content addressable memory (RCAM), which functions simultaneously as a storage and a massively parallel associative processor. GIRAF alleviates the bandwidth wall by connecting every memory bit to processing transistors and keeping computing inside the storage arrays, thus implementing deep in-data, rather than near-data, processing. We show that GIRAF outperformed a reference computer architecture with a bandwidth-limited external storage access on a variety of data-intensive workloads. The performance of GIRAF Dot Product and Sparse Matrix-Vector multiplication exceeds the attainable performance of a reference architecture by 1200 × and 130 ×, respectively.
The Development and Testing of the Helios-2 Lattice Code for Use in Online Cross Section Generation (2016)

This work presents the implementation and testing of the fixed k{sub eff} calculation, with a fixed incoming current boundary condition (fixed k{sub eff} calculation) in the HELIOS-2 lattice physics code. The fixed k{sub eff} numerical algorithm and its implementation in HELIOS-2 are described. The newly implemented feature in the code was tested on a range of test problems that were based on the 2D C5G7 benchmark. Good results were obtained and showed that the implementation performed consistently across the series of test problems. (authors)
Behavior of FRP-Strengthened RC Beams with Large Rectangular Web Openings in Flexure Zones: Experimental and Numerical Study (2018)

This paper aims to investigate the behavior of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams containing large rectangular web openings in the flexure zone. Studied parameters were type of loading, opening size and strengthening scheme. Seven RC beams categorized into two different groups were tested. In the first group, two unstrengthened beams (one solid without opening and one with large rectangular web opening in the pure flexure zone) were tested under four-point bending. In the second group, five beams were tested under center-point loading. They comprised of one reference solid beam and four beams with large rectangular web opening in the maximum-moment region. Out of the four beams with openings, two specimens were unstrengthened and the other two were strengthened with two different FRP schemes. A numerical study was also conducted and the results of analysis were validated with experiments. The calibrated analysis was then used for some useful parametric studies in which the effect of different parameters was investigated.
A direct proof of the weight retaining property of polynomials over a finite field (1988)

A result of J.L. Massey et al. (see ibid., vol.IT-19, no.1, p.101-110, 1973) concerning weights of polynomials over GF(p/sup r/) is generalized from p=2 to general prime p. This generalization makes it possible to directly establish several theorems about polynomial weights in a way that no longer relies on results from coding theory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Right Anterior Parasagittal Craniotomy and Interhemispheric Approach for Resection of a Falcontentorial Junction Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video (2019)

Abstract Falcotentorial meningiomas are rare lesions that occur along the midline at the junction of the falx cerebri and tentorium. When large, these lesions pose a surgical challenge because of the risk of neurologic deficits, including cortical blindness. Delicate structures at risk during resection of these lesions include the sagittal sinus, internal cerebral veins, vein of Galen, straight sinus, torcula, and fornix. Although there are a number of very reasonable approaches, including a supracerebellar infratentorial or occipital interhemispheric, we chose an anterior interhemispheric approach to provide the safest route for accessing the largest portion of the tumor while protecting the deep venous system. After identification of the falcine attachment, the tumor is debulked within the tumor capsule. In this case, the tumor was subtotally removed because of the adherence of a small segment of tumor along the vein of Galen. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute.
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry with a Multiple Pass Quadrupole Mass Analyzer (1998)

The peak shape narrows and the resolution improves if the ions are simply reflected back and forth through a conventional quadrupole mass analyzer. CO(+) and N(2)(+) at m/z = 28 are separated to 50% valley with half of the original signal remaining. These two ions can be resolved to baseline (m/Δm) = 5000 with 1% of the original signal remaining.
Human DENND1A.V2 Drives Cyp17a1 Expression and Androgen Production in Mouse Ovaries and Adrenals (2020)

The <i>DENND1A</i> locus is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a disorder characterized by androgen excess. Theca cells from ovaries of PCOS women have elevated levels of a <i>DENND1A</i> splice variant (DENND1A.V2). Forced expression of this variant in normal theca cells increases androgen biosynthesis and <i>CYP17A1</i> expression, whereas knockdown of the transcript in PCOS theca cells reduced androgen production and <i>CYP17A1</i> mRNA. We attempted to create a murine model of PCOS by expressing hDENND1A.V2 using standard transgenic approaches. There is no DENND1A.V2 protein equivalent in mice, and the murine <i>Dennd1a</i> gene is essential for viability since <i>Dennd1a</i> knockout mice are embryonically lethal, suggesting that <i>Dennd1a</i> is developmentally critical. Three different hDENND1A.V2 transgenic mice lines were created using CMV, <i>Lhcgr</i>, and TetOn promoters. The hDENND1A.V2 mice expressed hDENND1A.V2 transcripts. While hDENND1A.V2 protein was not detectable by Western blot analyses, appropriate hDENND1A.V2 immunohistochemical staining was observed. Corresponding <i>Cyp17a1</i> mRNA levels were elevated in ovaries and adrenals of CMV transgenic mice, as were plasma steroid production by theca interstitial cells isolated from transgenic ovaries. Even though the impact of robust hDENND1A.V2 expression could not be characterized, our findings are consistent with the notion that elevated hDENND1A.V2 has a role in the hyperandrogenemia of PCOS.
Evaluation of a Solid-State Electrode for the Rapid Detection of Soil Nitrate-Nitrogen (2011)

In recent years, the prolific usage of nitrogenous fertilizers in the agricultural area of China has resulted in inefficient nitrogen usage, environmental pollution and the degradation of the soil fertility. As such, a rapid, low-cost and reliable soil detection method is urgently needed. This study reported on the laboratory evaluation of a solid-state ion-selective electrode, based on a nitrate doped polypyrrole polymer (PPy(NO3-)), for the simultaneous detection of soil nitrate-nitrogen. The potentiometric slope of these PPy(NO3-) electrodes for nitrate was found to be -(53.3±0.8) mV/decade over a linear range of three decades of concentration 10-4～10-1mol/L. It was also found that these electrodes had a nitrate detection limit of 5.0 ×10-5 mol/L. Impacts of soil extractant conditions were also tested. The electrodes displayed better performances for nitrate solutions with pH lower than 7.0. The potentiometric responses of electrodes exhibited a negative drift tendency of 0.6 mV/°C, which was probably caused by changes of the polymer morphology and the solution ionic activity. In order to reduce the interferences of coexisting anion, deionized water was chosen as soil extractant. It is shown that a fast determination of soil nitrate levels for site-specific control of fertilizer application could be realized using the PPy(NO3-) electrodes together with an automatic fluidic control system.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Piperidin‐4‐ones and Their Bicyclic Analogues. Strategies of Stereoselective Synthesis (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Utilization of High-Oil Corn in Diets for Broiler Chickens (1994)

Two trials of similar experimental design were conducted to evaluate the performance of broiler chicken on diets containing high oil corn (HOC) or yellow dent corn (YDC). Diets contained fixed levels of 0, 2, 4, and 6% supplemental poultry oil and were formulated to optimum nutrient density; therefore, diets containing HOC were higher in energy than diets with YDC. Mail broilers fed diets with HOC weighed more and were more efficient in converting their feed to gain than those fed diets with YDC; however, the energy utilization of each diet was similar. There were no significant differences in dressing percentage between birds fed diets with HOC or YDC; however, birds fed diets with HOC had less (P≤.05) abdominal fat than those fed diets with YDC. Drip loss during cooking of thigh meat was less (P≤.05) in broilers fed diets with HOC. Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue was affected by both source of corn and level of supplemental poultry oil; both sources of corn influenced fatty acid composition in a similar manner. Results indicate that HOC can support good performance of broiler chickens with the capability of providing higher energy diets without increasing the level of supplemental fats.
The Ethics of TESOL (1992)

Learning a language internalise a new way of looking at the world and relating to people. Moral dilemmas in teaching English to speakers of other languages are discussed and suggestions of some suitable approaches are presented.
Nonlinear conversion processes in one-dimensional photonic band gap structures: blue and green light emission (2002)

Summary form only given. One of the most interesting aspects related to the /spl chi/(2) response of photonic band gap (PBG) crystals is the possibility of greatly enhancing the conversion efficiency of nonlinear processes. The enhancement of second harmonic generation (SHG) is perhaps the best example that we could cite, although in general our discussion is valid for initial-wave mixing processor. The processes that we discuss owe their increased efficiency to the simultaneous availability of (1) exact phase matching conditions, and (2) high localization of the fields with frequencies tuned at transmission resonances near the photonic band edge.
Experimental study of subcritical laboratory magnetized collisionless shocks using a laser-driven magnetic piston (2015)

Recent experiments at the University of California, Los Angeles have successfully generated subcritical magnetized collisionless shocks, allowing new laboratory studies of shock formation relevant to space shocks. The characteristics of these shocks are compared with new data in which no shock or a pre-shock formed. The results are consistent with theory and 2D hybrid simulations and indicate that the observed shock or shock-like structures can be organized into distinct regimes by coupling strength. With additional experiments on the early time parameters of the laser plasma utilizing Thomson scattering, spectroscopy, and fast-gate filtered imaging, these regimes are found to be in good agreement with theoretical shock formation criteria.
Voronoi Tessellations and the Shannon Entropy of the Pentagonal Tilings (2022)

We used the complete set of convex pentagons enabling filing the plane without any overlaps or gaps (including the Marjorie Rice tiles) as generators of Voronoi tessellations. Shannon entropy of the tessellations was calculated. Some of the basic mosaics are flexible and give rise to a diversity of Voronoi tessellations. The Shannon entropy of these tessellations varied in a broad range. Voronoi tessellation, emerging from the basic pentagonal tiling built from hexagons only, was revealed (the Shannon entropy of this tiling is zero). Decagons and hendecagon did not appear in the studied Voronoi diagrams. The most abundant Voronoi tessellations are built from three different kinds of polygons. The most widespread is the combination of pentagons, hexagons and heptagons. The most abundant polygons are pentagons and hexagons. No Voronoi tiling built only of pentagons was registered. Flexible basic pentagonal mosaics give rise to a diversity of Voronoi tessellations, which are characterized by the same symmetry group; however, the coordination number of the vertices is variable. These Voronoi tessellations may be useful for the interpretation of the iso-symmetrical phase transitions.
OxID: On-chip one-time random ID generation using oxide breakdown (2010)

A new chip ID generation method is presented that leverages the random and permanent characteristics of oxide breakdown. A 128b ID array is implemented in 65nm CMOS and two algorithms for stressing the oxides are presented, showing a near-ideal Hamming distance of 63.92 in silicon measurements and consistent IDs across voltage and temperature.
Fast routing table lookup using CAMs (2002)

The authors investigate fast routing table lookup techniques, where the table is composed of hierarchical addresses such as those found in a national telephone network. The hierarchical addresses provide important benefits in large networks, but existing fast routing table lookup techniques, based on hardware such as content addressable memory (CAM), work only with flat addresses. Several fast routing table lookup solutions for hierarchical address based on binary and ternary CAMs are presented, and their advantages and drawbacks are analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Late Death After Multiple Severe Trauma: When Does It Occur and What Are the Causes? (2009)

PT patients who die after discharge from the initial hospitalization show other causes of death than age-matched controls of the general population. Among these are second major trauma and suicide. Future studies should investigate whether certain social or psychologic factors might play a role.