gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A review of benchmarking literature: a proposed model for implementation (2014)

This paper presents a generic conceptual benchmarking model which can be applied in manufacturing and service operational environments. The literature dealing with benchmarking was investigated and integrated in the form of a practical model for the implementation of benchmarking. The proposed model and associated framework have both strategic and operational implications for managers as they attempt to gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace.
Metadata Efficiency in a Comprehensive Versioning File System (CMU-CS-02-145) (2018)

A comprehensive versioning file system creates and retains a new file version for every WRITE or other modification request. The resulting history of file modifications provides a detailed view to tools and administrators seeking to investigate a suspect system state. Conventional versioning systems do not efficiently record the many prior versions that result. In particular, the versioned metadata they keep consumes almost as much space as the versioned data. This paper examines two space-efficient metadata structures for versioning file systems and describes their integration into the Comprehensive Versioning File System (CVFS). Journal-based metadata encodes each metadata version into a single journal entry; CVFS uses this structure for inodes and indirect blocks, reducing the associated space requirements by 80%. Multiversion b-trees extend the per-entry key with a timestamp and keep current and historical entries in a single tree; CVFS uses this structure for directories, reducing the associated space requirements by 99%. Experiments with CVFS verify that its current-version performance is similar to that of non-versioning file systems. Although access to historical versions is slower than conventional versioning systems, checkpointing is shown to mitigate this effect.
(Appendix A) Hematite, goethite concentrations, reflectance in color bands and total reflectance of samples from ODP Hole 184-1143A (2007)

(Appendix A) Hematite, goethite concentrations, reflectance in color bands and total reflectance of samples from ODP Hole 184-1143A
Metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy of 1.3 μm quaternary layers and heterostructure lasers (1991)

Metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy of InGaAsP quaternary layers with the composition corresponding to the band gap at 1.3 μm has been investigated for growth temperatures ranging from 485 °C to 530 °C. From the x-ray diffraction and room temperature photoluminescence measurements Ga incorporation was found to be extremely growth temperature dependent. Photoluminescence linewidths increased rapidly for a negative lattice mismatch exceeding the critical value, whereas for positive mismatch no such broadening was observed. For lattice matched layers linewidths were broader for the higher growth temperatures. Threshold current densities ranging from 0.7 to 2.0 kA/cm2 were measured for conventional and multi-quantum-well broad area lasers with the active layers based on the 1.3 μm quaternary.
Ultrasound-triggered Release of Calcein and Doxorubicin from HER2-targeted Liposomes in Breast Cancer Therapy (2020)

Abstract The functionalization of liposomes with antibodies is a potential strategy to increase the specificity of liposomes and reduce side-effects of chemotherapeutic agents. The active targeting of Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer cells can be achieved by coating liposomes with an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody. In this study, we synthesized Calcein and Doxorubicin loaded immunoliposomes functionalized with the monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab. Both liposomes were characterized for size, phospholipid concentration and antibody conjugation. The effect of low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS)-induced drug release was tested using three power densities, 7.46, 9.85 and 17.31 mW/cm 2 ; and the release data were modeled using six different kinetic models. LFUS results established the sonosensitivity of both carrier types, with immunoliposomes being more acoustically sensitive than control liposomes. Results also showed an increase in the release rate as the power density increased from 7.46 to 17.31 mW/cm 2 . Finally, the in vitro cell experiments showed enhanced uptake and cytotoxicity when breast cancer cell lines, SKBr3 and MDAMB-231, were treated with LFUS-triggered HER-liposomes.
The shear behaviour of the rabbit medial collateral ligament (1997)

This study was conducted to determine whether load is transmitted via shear through the matrix between ligament fibres rather than solely as tension in the fibres. Thirty-six rabbit medial collateral ligaments were subjected to uniaxial tension tests. Twenty-four of these ligament complexes were incised laterally to create longitudinal shear planes, while the remaining 12 complexes served as controls. Data were used in conjunction with finite element models to determine how shear transfer, if any, occurred in the ligament. Non-linear, anisotropic, plane stress finite element models were able to simulate the non-linear structural behaviour shown by uncut control ligaments under normal tensile testing. The finite element models were also able to reproduce the ligament load deformation behaviour observed in the shear tests. Results indicated that some load was transferred between the collagen fibres and other constituents in the ground substance of these ligaments and possibly also through fibres missed during the cutting procedure. The exact manner in which the load was transmitted remains unclear and requires further investigation and quantification.
Advanced spatial light modulator development for miniature correlators (2002)

A new reflected mode magneto-optic spatial light modulator (R-MOSLM) has been developed for miniature optical correlators and computers. An improvement by a factor of four in pixel switching sensitivity, compared to the conventional transmission mode magneto-optic spatial light modulator (T-MOSLM), has been achieved by the use of narrower drive lines, and burying the conductor into the film. A higher resolution by a factor of three and a higher optical efficiency by a factor of two have also been achieved by the use of smaller pixels and narrower pixel gaps. The smaller pixels and improved switching sensitivity permit an order of magnitude reduction in optical path length and increase in frame rate, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Look-Ahead Transit Signal Priority Control with Self-Organizing Logic (2020)

In this paper, a model for transit signal priority control is presented. The model is based on an adaptive signal control called self-organizing logic (which evolved from fully actuated control) with advanced features, including a platoon-based secondary extension that allows signals along a corridor to maintain coordination. Utilizing advance bus detection, the proposed model grants look-ahead transit signal priority under self-organizing control for a longer time horizon of bus arrival to the intersection. Priority is provided based on a tradeoff between buses and platoons of cars under specific conditions. The model was tested in a simulation network of the national connected vehicle testbed in Anthem, Arizona. The simulation experiments showed that the model, when compared to four other signal control systems, was able to reduce average transit vehicle delay and travel times without having a significant negative impact on regular passenger cars. The developed approach increased the reliability of bus operation by decreasing the standard deviation of travel time. The results showed that both the reduction in bus travel time and the increase in reliability were statistically significant. A sensitivity analysis on demand level indicated that the model outperformed the competing approaches by a promising margin.
Experiences from identifying software reuse opportunities by domain analysis (2013)

In a large corporate organization there are sometimes similar software products in certain subdomains with a perceived functional overlap. This promises to be an opportunity for systematic reuse to reduce software development and maintenance costs. In such situations companies have used different domain analysis approaches (e.g., SEI Technical Probe) that helped to assess technical and organizational potential for a software product line approach. We applied existing domain analysis approaches for software product line engineering and tailored them to include a feature analysis as well as architecture evaluation. In this paper, we report our experiences from applying the approach in two subdomains of industrial automation.
Inhibition of RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by (−)-DHMEQ, a Novel NF-κB Inhibitor, Through Downregulation of NFATc1 (2005)

The inhibition of NF-kappaB suppresses osteoclastogenesis by downregulation of NFATc1, suggesting that NFATc1 expression is regulated by NF-kappaB in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Our results also indicate the possibility of (-)-DHMEQ becoming a new therapeutic strategy against bone erosion.
Lossless asynchronous broadcast-with-feedback on the MetaNet architecture (1991)

Broadcast and broadcast-with-feedback are presented for MetaNet, a novel network architecture which can be viewed as a LAN with an arbitrary topology. The broadcast and broadcast-with-feedback algorithms presented are functionally equivalent to the broadcast on current LANs, e.g. token-ring or Ethernet. The broadcast algorithms are completely loss free under the asynchronous access method. The broadcast is integrated into the routing mechanism such that it can coexist with any traffic pattern. The time complexity of broadcast on the MetaNet (measured in light-load) is O(log n), while on a ring-based LAN the complexity is n. The algorithms can be modified to serve as a multicast procedure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
DISLOCATIONS IN MO5SIB2 T2 PHASE (2024)

No abstract prepared.
Variance shadow maps (2006)

Shadow maps are a widely used shadowing technique in real time graphics. One major drawback of their use is that they cannot be filtered in the same way as color textures, typically leading to severe aliasing. This paper introduces variance shadow maps, a new real time shadowing algorithm. Instead of storing a single depth value, we store the mean and mean squared of a distribution of depths, from which we can efficiently compute the variance over any filter region. Using the variance, we derive an upper bound on the fraction of a shaded fragment that is occluded. We show that this bound often provides a good approximation to the true occlusion, and can be used as an approximate value for rendering. Our algorithm is simple to implement on current graphics processors and solves the problem of shadow map aliasing with minimal additional storage and computation.
Dynamics, energy transfer, and the B-states of carbon monoxide in myoglobin (1991)

Molecular dynamics simulation is used to study the photodissociation of the ligand carbon monoxide from the protein myoglobin with particular emphasis on the dynamics of the unbound ligand. The study seeks to interpret experimental data on the presence of binding sites in the heme pocket (corresponding to three shifts in the ligand vibrational frequency) which are reached by the ligand soon after dissociation, remain stable for upwards of 50 ps, and whose relative populations are strongly dependent on pH. The stochastic boundary approximation is employed to isolate the protein’s heme pocket in the presence of solvent at two effective pH states. A new three-site model for carbon monoxide is presented. The affect of the protonation state model for carbon monoxide is presented. The affect of the protonation state of the distal histidine on the ligand dynamics is examined. Analysis of the center-of-mass, rotational, and vibrational dynamics of the ligand agrees well with the experimental data of Anfinrund, Han and Hochstrasser [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 8387 (1989)1. The role of the protonation state of the distal histidine and its effect on the dynamics and conformation of the unbound ligand is discussed. The possibility that hydrogen bonding of the ligand to the distal histidine may account for ligand vibrational frequency shifts observed experimentally is explored thorough ab initio frequency calculations.
Impact of COVID-19 on Clinical Care and Research in Cancer Imaging: Where We Are Now (2021)

 Most institutions have resumed cancer screening appointments but are working through the backlogs of postponed appointments from earlier in 2020. Social distancing, work-at-home policies, and altered cancer imaging workflows may continue into 2022. The pandemic has substantially negatively impacted cancer imaging research and funding opportunities; reassessments will likely be needed to evaluate productivity and academic progress."We might be tired of COVID-19.But it is not tired of us."
The linear theory of cyclotron resonance masers with trochoidal electron beams (1995)

Cyclotron resonance masers are considered in which electrons propagate along trochoidal trajectories in crossed external electric and magnetic fields. A potential advantage of these devices is the small spread in electron axial velocities in the absence of space charge effects that facilitates operation at traveling waves. In this paper some general relations between parameters of these devices are analyzed and the effect of beam current density on axial velocity spread is studied. The linear theory of such devices operating at traveling waves is presented and the amplification of some specific modes in a rectangular waveguide is analyzed.
An Observer-Free Output Feedback Cooperative Control Architecture for Linear Multiagent Systems with Event-Triggering (2018)

An event-triggering methodology is proposed on an observer-free output feedback cooperative control scheme for linear multiagent systems in order to schedule the exchanged information between the agents depending upon error exceeding user-defined thresholds for reducing wireless network utilization. Specifically, the cooperative control scheme is designed for continuous-time, minimum phase, and high-order linear multiagent systems in the context of a containment problem (i.e., outputs of the follower agents converge to the convex hull spanned by those of the leader agents). The proposed observer-free output feedback cooperative control scheme with event-triggering guarantees follower agents' system stability and performance, and also does not yield to a Zeno behavior. An illustrative numerical example complements the proposed theoretical contribution.
[Utilization of siderophores from mycobacteria by Staphylococcus]. (1998)

The ability of iron utilizing by means of siderophores (extracellular exochelins and cell-associated mycobactins) produced by mycobacteria (7 stains) by 24 staphylococcal strains was investigated. The mycobacterial donor strains belonged to rapid growing species: M. fortuitum, M. smegmatis, M. aurum, M. vaccae, M. chitae, M. phlei, M. parafortuitum. The utilization of mycobacterial siderophores was studied on agar or liquid media in which minimally effective concentrations of ethylene diamine di-ortho-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (EDDA) were used to inhibit indicator staphylococcal strains. Mycobacterial siderophores (exochelins or mycobactins) reversed the inhibition of the majority (22/24) staphylococcal strains. Most of strains utilized exochelins from M. phlei as well as mycobactins from M. parafortuitum and M. chitae.
Responses of the uterine circulation to sympathetic nerve stimulation. (1979)

Pregnant and non-pregnant sheep uteri were perfused in situ with arterial blood at a constant flow rate. Unilateral stimulation (1-2 ma, u ms pulse) of the distal end of the severed sympathetic chain (L3-L4) at frequencies between 5 and 25 Hz produced a graded increase in uterine artery pressure in both horns. At 25 Hz, pressure in the horn ipsilateral to the stimulated sympathetic chain increased by 28 +/ 2% in four pregnant animals and 32 +/ 5% in six non-pregnant ewes. The response of the contralateral horn was significantly smaller than that of the ipsilateral horn (P less than or equal to 0.05). The response was alpha-mediated since it was abolished by local injection of dibenzyline into the middle uterine artery. The responses of the pregnant and non-pregnant animals were similar, indicating that pregnancy did not alter the alpha-adrenergic responses of the uterine vasculature.
NOD1 modulates IL-10 signalling in human dendritic cells (2017)

NOD1 belongs to the family of NOD-like receptors, which is a group of well-characterised, cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors. The best-studied function of NOD-like receptors is their role in generating immediate pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial responses by detecting specific bacterial peptidoglycans or by responding to cellular stress and danger-associated molecules. The present study describes a regulatory, peptidoglycan-independent function of NOD1 in anti-inflammatory immune responses. We report that, in human dendritic cells, NOD1 balances IL-10-induced STAT1 and STAT3 activation by a SOCS2-dependent mechanism, thereby suppressing the tolerogenic dendritic cell phenotype. Based on these findings, we propose that NOD1 contributes to inflammation not only by promoting pro-inflammatory processes, but also by suppressing anti-inflammatory pathways.
A fuzzy learning model for membership function estimation and pattern classification (1994)

In this paper, a new fuzzy learning model called fuzzy learning vector quantization (FLVQ) which incorporates fuzzy clustering concept with Kohonen's learning vector quantization (LVQ) model is proposed. The new learning algorithm is derived from optimizing an appropriate fuzzy objective function which takes into account two goals, namely, minimizing the differences between target and actual class membership outputs, and minimizing the distances between training patterns and the neuron's parametric vectors. It retains the LVQ's reinforce-or-punish learning principle and more importantly introduces graded corrections. As compared with the LVQ algorithm, the proposed one is characterized by several distinctive features: i) avoiding neuron underutilization; ii) superior classification and generalization performances; and iii) insensitive to initial conditions. Since the outputs of the model have been formulated as fuzzy class membership functions, it can be readily used to estimate the membership functions of fuzzy systems. Furthermore, through the concept of "clusters as rules", the trained network can be interpreted in the form of fuzzy IF-THEN rules. All these features of the proposed model are demonstrated through numerical examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A polyphasic approach assigns the pathogenicErwiniastrains from diseased pear trees in Japan toErwinia pyrifoliae (2009)

The data suggest that the BSBP disease observed at the island of Hokkaido was not fire blight and unify BSBP in Japan with the pear pathogenic species E. pyrifoliae from Korea.
Progression Into the First Meiotic Division Is Sensitive to Histone HN-HZB Dimer Concentration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two genes for histone H2A and two for histone H2B located in two divergently transcribed gene pairs: HTA1-HTB1 and HTA2-HTB2. Diploid strains lacking HTA1-HTB1 (hta1-htb1 delta/hta1-htb1 delta, HTA2-HTB2/HTA2-HTB2) grow vegetatively, but will not sporulate. This sporulation phenotype results from a partial depletion of H2A-H2B dimers. Since the expression patterns of HTA1-HTB1 and HTA2-HTB2 are similar in mitosis and meiosis, the sporulation pathway is therefore more sensitive than the mitotic cycle to depletion of H2A-H2B dimers. After completing premeiotic DNA replication, commitment to meiotic recombination, and chiasma resolution, the hta1-htb1 delta/hta1-htb1 delta, HTA2-HTB2/HTA2-HTB2 mutant arrests before the first meiotic division. The arrest is not due to any obvious disruptions in spindle pole bodies or microtubules. The meiotic block is not bypassed in backgrounds homozygous for spo13, rad50 delta, or rad9 delta mutations, but is bypassed in the presence of hydroxyurea, a drug known to inhibit DNA chain elongation. We hypothesize that the deposition of H2A-H2B dimers in the mutant is unable to keep pace with the replication fork, thereby leading to a disruption in chromosome structure that interferes with the meiotic divisions.
Free energy component analysis: application to the “Z-Phobicity” of A · T base pairs (1993)

We have carried out molecular dynamics/free energy perturbation calculations on the double helical hexamer d(CGCGCG)2 in both B and Z forms. The third C.G base pair was "mutated" to T-A in both B and Z-DNA. It is known experimentally that replacement of a C.G with a T-A base pair in an alternating CG sequence raises the energy of the Z form relative to the B form by approximately 1 kcal mole-1. We have carried out free energy component calculations to assess the reason for the "Z-phobicity" of T-A base pairs. There are two major contributions. The primary contribution is from the intra-base pair interactions of the mutated base pair itself which disfavor T-A relative to C.G in the Z form by congruent to 1.4 kcal mole-1. A secondary contribution of 0.4 kcal mole-1 arises because the two cytosines on the strand where G is mutated to A disfavor T-A relative to C.G in the Z form by 1.9 kcal mole-1, while the guanines flanking the C on the complementary strand stabilize the T-A base pair relative to the C.G in the Z form by 1.5 kcal mole-1. The effect of the phosphates, non-neighboring nucleotides and intramolecular energies of the base pair being mutated are all small and come close to canceling each other, leading to a net calculated free energy for T-A Z-phobicity of 1.7 kcal mole-1.
STARCH AND NUTRIENT CONTENTS ARE KEY FOR MOSSES ADAPTING TO DIFFERENT SUCCESSION STAGES ALONG A RECEDING GLACIER (2013)

Mosses are the pioneer and the first green land plants developed during the evolutionary process, they play an important role in the development of soil, biogeochemical cycling and facilitating plant colonization. Although species richness, composition, diversity and cover of moss communities vary, they grow well almost in all forests. Why mosses can grow in different conditions? What are the adaptive strategies of mosses in different forests along primary succession sequences? It is not still completely clear. In order to answer these questions, nutrient and carbohydrate accumulation in mosses were tested along the primary succession following deglaciation of Hailuogou glacier, Gongga Mountain, China. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) content, total organic carbon (TOC), soluble sugar and starch accumulated in the dominant moss species were determined and compared. TOC increased insignificantly with forest age. N, P, K contents in mosses were significantly higher in forests with dense shrubs, where N content was seperately 1.69% in A. hookeri and 1.35% in P. schreberi in 30 yr aged forest, P content in 30 yr and 52 yr aged forest was seperately 0.022% and 0.020% in A. hookeri and 0.020% and 0.017% in P. schreberi, and K content in 30 yr and 52 yr aged forest was seperately 0.570% and 0.553% in A. hookeri and 0.490% and 0.493% in P. schreberi. Soluble sugar was higher in the early stage of succession, but the opposite was observed for starch and non-structure carbohydrate content, which was lower in early successional stage. Mosses adopted different adaptive strategies in different aged forests along receding glacier, in which starch and N, P, K contents were key for adaptiation. That is, mosses accumulated much more starch in the severe environment of early succession stage. In more favourable environment, N, P, K was found to be accumulated for plant growth.