gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing simultaneous switching noise and EMI on ground/power planes by dissipative edge termination (2002)

Power and ground planes should exhibit low impedance over a wide range of frequencies. Parallel ground and power planes in multilayer printed-circuit boards exhibit multiple resonances which increase the impedance and also the radiation from the board edge. Resistive termination along the board edges reduces the resonance peaks. Simple and straightforward design expressions, simulated self and transfer impedances, and measured impedance and radiation plots are presented for a pair of 10" by 10" planes with 31 mil FR4 dielectrics.
Reduction of Cavitation Damage in a High-Energy Water Injection Pump (2011)

The conventionally-designed first-stage impeller of a high-energy, two-stage 19MW seawater injection pump, running at 4950 rpm and generating 1500m of head at a flow rate of 1.05 m3/s was seriously damaged by cavitation erosion in the first two months of operation. The impeller was redesigned by reshaping the blades in the region near the leading edges so as to reduce the inception cavitation number. This impeller has been running for more than a year, and the cavitation erosion rate is predicted to be low enough for it to last 40,000 hours. However, a prominent tone at blade passing frequency appeared with the new impeller, which interacts more effectively with the distorted inflow from the side-suction approach passage. Acoustic analysis of both single- and two-phase unsteady RANS CFD solutions corroborate the presence of this tone, which had not been observed when the pump operated with the original, conventional impeller.
The Third Version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (2019)

The COPSOQ III offers reliable and distinct measures of a wide range of psychosocial dimensions of modern working life in different countries; although a few measures could be improved. Future testing should focus on validation of the COPSOQ items and dimensions using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Such investigations would enhance the basis for recommendations using the COPSOQ III.
Data from <b><i>In Vitro</i></b> Studies with Methylproamine (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;New analogues of the minor groove binding ligand Hoechst 33342 have been investigated in an attempt to improve radioprotective activity. The synthesis, DNA binding, and &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; radioprotective properties of methylproamine, the most potent derivative, are reported. Experiments with V79 cells have shown that methylproamine is ∼100-fold more potent than the classical aminothiol radioprotector WR1065. The crystal structures of methylproamine and proamine complexes with the dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; confirm that the new analogues also are minor groove binders. It is proposed that the DNA-bound methylproamine ligand acts as a reducing agent by an electron transfer mechanism, repairing transient radiation-induced oxidizing species on DNA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Pathogenicity Islands of ExtraintestinalEscherichia coli (2014)

While intestinal Escherichia coli strains can be grouped into at least six different pathotypes, extraintestinal E. coli strains fall into three groups: MENEC (meningitis E. coli) strains, which cause newborn meningitis (NBM), SEPEC (septicemia E. coli) strains, which cause meningitis and septicemia, and UPEC (uropathogenic E. coli) strains, which are by far the most common cause of uncomplicated cases of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This chapter focuses mainly on UPEC because urinary tract infections represent, by number, the most important bacterial infectious disease in highly industralized countries. At least four pathogenicity islands (PAIs) are present in the genome of UPEC 536. Sample sequencing analysis of PAI IJ96, PAI IIJ96, and PAIs I536 to IV536 was performed by investigating overlapping cosmid clones; the results of this analysis are discussed. Integrase genes and other bacteriophage-specific sequences may have played an important role for the evolution of pathogenic bacteria and that their presence on PAIs is one of the main characteristics of PAIs. The newly acquired sequences often form blocks of DNA which may code for virulence but also code for other distinct properties such as secretion, degradation of xenobiotic compounds, metabolic functions, and resistance to antibiotics. PAIs of UPEC strains are excellent examples for the study of the evolution of prokaryotic genomes in pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbes.
On‐Line Control Strategies to Correct Deviant Thermal Processes: Batch Sterilization of Low‐Acid Foods (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction On-line control strategies for low-acid foods that can be mathematically modeled On-line control strategy for any low-acid food Equivalent lethality curves Industrial automation of batch retorts Concluding remarks List of Symbols Greek letters Acknowledgment References
Self-consistent ensemble Monte Carlo simulations show terahertz oscillations in single-walled carbon nanotubes (2007)

We investigate electrical transient and stationary transport properties of semiconducting single-walled zigzag carbon nanotubes (CNTs), using a transient ensemble Monte Carlo (MC) simulator that self-consistently solves the semiclassical transport and Poisson equations. We developed the ensemble MC simulator to obtain time and space dependencies of the CNT electron concentration, velocity, and current profiles self-consistently with electrical potential distribution on the tube. Our calculated MC results indicate that self-induced terahertz CNT current oscillations on the tube and at the contacts emerge under several direct current biases. We associate these terahertz CNT oscillations with intersubband scatterings that cause the transfer of electrons from the first subband to the second, intrasubband scatterings and the nonlinear dispersion curves of each subband. The slow-moving electrons in the second subband bunch together locally on the tube, whereas the fast-moving first subband electrons move beyond the bunch and leave a relatively positive charged region behind. Also, intrasubband scatterings and subband curves give rise to low and high density electron regions by creating dispersion. These relatively low and high density electron regions create a charge dipole that then perturbs the electrical potential, resulting in a propagating domain, and thus current oscillations at tens of terahertz. After we investigate the physics of these calculated terahertz oscillations, we propose methods to modulate and shift the main oscillation frequency by varying the applied bias, tube length, or the diameter.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Disproportional Reaction of 2H‐Azirines Giving (1E,3Z)‐2‐Aza‐1,3‐dienes and Aromatic Nitriles in the Presence of Nickel Catalysts. (2012)

Abstract Diarylaziridines (I) unexpectedly undergo Ni‐catalyzed disproportionation to afford azabutadienes (II) and benzonitriles.
A versatile parallel architecture for vision based control applications (2002)

The authors discuss a hardware and software architecture for implementing vision based control approaches applied to robotics. In such approaches, the sampling rate of the robot's closed loop control is directly given by the image processing time. That implies strong time constraints to the vision system. In a previous paper, the authors presented the design phase of a new machine vision based on a parallel architecture concept and first simulation runs concerning its expected performances were also shown. The complete vision machine is now available and the authors detail both its hardware and software aspects. They also present the first results obtained for two real vision based control applications.
Data from SGK1 Is a Critical Component of an AKT-Independent Pathway Essential for PI3K-Mediated Tumor Development and Maintenance (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Activation of the PI3K–AKT signaling cascade is a common critical event during malignant transformation. In this study, we used thyroid gland epithelial cells and a series of genetically engineered mouse strains as model systems to demonstrate that, although necessary, AKT activation is not sufficient for PI3K-driven transformation. Instead, transformation requires the activity of the PDK1-regulated AGC family of protein kinases. In particular, SGK1 was found to be essential for proliferation and survival of thyroid cancer cells harboring PI3K-activating mutations. Notably, cotargeting SGK1 and AKT resulted in significantly higher growth suppression than inhibiting either PI3K or AKT alone. Overall, these findings underscore the clinical relevance of AKT-independent pathways in tumors driven by genetic lesions targeting the PI3K cascade. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 77(24); 6914–26. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Identification of the Terminal-to-Core Couplings in Filter Inductors by Using Double-Pulse-Test Setup (2020)

In this paper, the capacitive couplings between the terminals and the magnetic core of a medium-voltage (MV) filter inductor are identified by using the double-pulse-test setup under high-voltage and -current excitation, instead of using the traditional impedance analyzer, which performs frequency sweep at low-voltage and -current magnitudes. The time-domain current and voltage waveforms from the double-pulse-test setup are measured and further converted into the frequency-domain signals by using the Fourier Transformation. From this, the terminal-to-core impedance between the inductor terminals and the magnetic core of MV inductors under high-voltage and core saturation is obtained. The calculated impedance by using the measured data from DPT is compared with the measurements from an impedance analyzer, where the result indicates that the high-voltage and -current has almost no impacts on the change of the couplings between the inductor terminals and magnetic core of the studied MV filter inductors.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reductive Amination Employing Hydrogen (2020)

The reductive amination, the reaction of an aldehyde or a ketone with ammonia or an amine in the presence of a reducing agent and often a catalyst, is an important amine synthesis and has been intensively investigated in academia and industry for a century. Besides aldehydes, ketones, or amines, starting materials have been used that can be converted into an aldehyde or ketone (for instance, carboxylic acids or organic carbonate or nitriles) or into an amine (for instance, a nitro compound) in the presence of the same reducing agent and catalyst. Mechanistically, the reaction starts with a condensation step during which the carbonyl compound reacts with ammonia or an amine, forming the corresponding imine followed by the reduction of the imine to the alkyl amine product. Many of these reduction steps require the presence of a catalyst to activate the reducing agent. The reductive amination is impressive with regard to the product scope since primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl amines are accessible and hydrogen is the most attractive reducing agent, especially if large-scale product formation is an issue, since hydrogen is inexpensive and abundantly available. Alkyl amines are intensively produced and use fine and bulk chemicals. They are key functional groups in many pharmaceuticals, agro chemicals, or materials. In this review, we summarize the work published on reductive amination employing hydrogen as the reducing agent. No comprehensive review focusing on this subject has been published since 1948, albeit many interesting summaries dealing with one or the other aspect of reductive amination have appeared. Impressive progress in using catalysts based on earth-abundant metals, especially nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts, has been made during the early development of the field and in recent years.
Total Synthesis of Gypsetin, Deoxybrevianamide E, Brevianamide E, and Tryprostatin B:  Novel Constructions of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles (1999)

A concise and efficient total synthesis of the acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor gypsetin (1) is described. The route features a straightforward method for the introduction of a reverse prenyl group into the C2-position of an N-phthaloyl-protected tryptophan (11). The total synthesis of gypsetin was completed by the dimethyldioxirane-promoted double-oxidative cyclization of a prefashioned diketopiperazine (19). Total syntheses of deoxybrevianamide E (24) and brevianamide E (25) following similar procedures are also described. The reaction of nucleophiles with in situ-generated 3-chloroindolenines provides a route to 2,3-disubstituted indoles from 3-substituted precursors. Indications of the scope and limitations of such reactions are provided. A total synthesis of tryprostatin B (41), a diketopiperazine derived from an l-tryptophan derivative (bearing a prenyl group at the α position of the indole) and l-proline, was accomplished. The key step involved the introduction of the prenyl function onto a protected tryptophan congener (11). A route for the prenylation of ketones with virtually no competitive reverse prenylation is also provided.
Virus‐like particles: Next‐generation nanoparticles for targeted therapeutic delivery (2016)

Abstract Most drug therapies distribute the agents throughout the entire body, even though the drugs are typically only needed at specific tissues. This often limits dosage and causes discomfort and harmful side‐effects. Significant research has examined nanoparticles (NPs) for use as targeted delivery vehicles for therapeutic cargo, however, major clinical success has been limited. Current work focuses mainly on liposomal and polymer‐based NPs, but emerging research is exploring the engineering of viral capsids as noninfectious protein‐based NPs—termed virus‐like particles (VLPs). This review covers the research that has been performed thus far and outlines the potential for these VLPs to become highly effective delivery vehicles that overcome the many challenges encountered for targeted delivery of therapeutic cargo.
The application of information theory to problems in decision tree rule-based expert systems (1988)

This thesis examines the problems of designing decision trees and expert systems from an information-theoretic viewpoint. A well-known greedy algorithm using mutual information for tree design is analysed. A basic model for tree design is developed leading to a series of bounds relating tree performance parameters. Analogies with prefix-coding and rate-distortion theory lead to interesting interpretations and results. The problem of finding termination rules for such greedy algorithms is discussed in the context of the theoretical models derived earlier, and several experimentally observed phenomena are explained in this manner. In two classification experiments, involving alphanumeric LEDS and local edge detection, the hierarchical approach is seen to offer significant advantages over alternative techniques.
The second part of the thesis begins by analysing the difficulties in designing rule-based expert systems. The inability to model uncertainty in an effective manner is identified as a key limitation of existing approaches. Accordingly, an information-theoretic model for rules and rule-based systems is developed. From a simple definition of rule information content, the ability of specialise and generalise (akin to cognitive processes) in a quantitative manner is demonstrated. The problem of generalised rule induction is posed and the ITRULE algorithm is described which derives optimal rule sets from data. The problem of probabilistic updating in inference nets is discussed and a new maximum-likelihood rule is proposed based on bounded probabilities. Utility functions and statistical decision theory concepts are used to develop a model of implicit control for rule-based inference. The theory is demonstrated by deriving rules from expert-supplied data and performing backward and forward chaining based on decision-theoretic criteria. The thesis concludes by outlining the many problems which remain to be solved in this area, and by briefly discussing the analogies between rule-based inference nets and neural networks.
Frequency domain interferometry in the planetary boundary layer: first results (2002)

A 915 MHz boundary layer radar (BLR) is currently being used with frequency domain interferometry (FDI) and a Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) to study the nocturnal jet. FDI is a technique by which the range resolution of an existing radar can be increased by using a pair of alternating transmitter frequencies. It is hoped that by using FDI, turbulent layers that exist at the shear regions of the nocturnal jet can be resolved within the resolution volume of the radar. The RASS is used to estimate the virtual temperature profile of the atmosphere from the local speed of sound. Using FDI and RASS will provide greater detail and hopefully an understanding of jet formation. Nocturnal jets are a low-level wind maximum that are common in the Great Plains region of the United States. Wind speeds in the jet can occasionally reach velocities in excess of 25 ms/sup -1/. The jet occurs at an altitude of approximately 500 m and normally forms during the night in calm surface wind and clear sky conditions. The jet can generate severe turbulence and wind shear which can be hazardous to unsuspecting aircraft.
Potential of SIOS&#8217;s airborne imaging sensors in Svalbard (2022)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS) is an international partnership of 26 scientific institutions from 9 countries studying the environment and climate in and around Svalbard. The key aims of SIOS are: (1) to develop an efficient observing system, (2) to share technology, experience, and data, (3) to close knowledge gaps, and (4) to decrease the environmental footprint of science. SIOS encourages the usage of airborne remote sensing platforms for research activities in Svalbard to complement in situ measurements and reduce the environmental footprint of research. SIOS member institution Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE) has installed and tested a suite of optical imaging sensors on the Lufttransport Dornier aircraft stationed in Longyearbyen as part of the SIOS-InfraNor project. Two optical sensors are installed onboard the Dornier aircraft (1) the PhaseOne IXU-180 RGB camera and (2) the HySpex VNIR-1800 hyperspectral sensor. The aircraft with these cameras is configured to acquire aerial RGB imagery and hyperspectral remote sensing data in addition to its regular transport operation in Svalbard. To date, SIOS has supported around 50 hours of flight time to acquire airborne data using Dornier aircraft in Svalbard for more than 20 scientific projects. Airborne imaging sensors include a variety of applications within glaciology, biology, hydrology, and other fields of Earth system science to understand the state of the environment of Svalbard. Mapping glacier crevasses, generating DEMs for glaciological applications, mapping and characterising earth (e.g., minerals, vegetation), ice (e.g., sea ice, icebergs, glaciers and snow cover) and ocean surface features (e.g. colour, chlorophyll) are examples of implementation. Aerial photos are also useful for monitoring the seasonal changes in snow, sea ice cover, and ocean colour. In 2021, SIOS conducted capacity building activities to train the next generation of polar scientists to use airborne imaging sensor data for their projects as part of the SIOS hyperspectral remote sensing training course (HSRS). This study presents a few selected applications from this course to demonstrate the potential of airborne imaging sensors in Svalbard. These include mapping water bodies (e.g. fjords, rivers), estimation of snow grain size, land cover classification, deriving chlorophyll, and mapping terrestrial vegetation. Preliminary results from these studies will be used to develop operational scientific applications and complement measurements from in-situ observations acquired by SIOS infrastructure in Svalbard. Eventually, these datasets will be valuable resources for calibration and validation activities for upcoming satellite hyperspectral missions, for example, the Copernicus Hyperspectral Imaging Mission for the Environment (CHIME).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Inhibition by islet-activating protein of a chemotactic peptide-induced early breakdown of inositol phospholipids and Ca2+ mobilization in guinea pig neutrophils. (1985)

Receptors for a chemotactic peptide (fMet-Leu-Phe) in guinea pig neutrophils were primarily coupled to phospholipase C catalyzing breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, which was in turn responsible for intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. These early responses of neutrophils to fMet-Leu-Phe, eventually leading to O2- generation, were abolished by prior exposure of cells to islet-activating protein (IAP), pertussis toxin, which had been reported to bring about ADP-ribosylation of a membrane Mr = 41,000 protein (Okajima, F., and Ui, M. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 13863-13871). The IAP substrate, probably the inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component of adenylate cyclase (Ni) or an analogous protein, is hence proposed to mediate fMet-Leu-Phe receptor-linked activation of the phospholipase C. In support of this proposal, A23187 and phorbol myristate acetate which stimulate arachidonate release or O2- generation by-passing these early processes of signaling were effective in IAP-treated cells as well. Release of arachidonic acid and accumulation of inositol 1-monophosphate in delayed response to fMet-Leu-Phe were also abolished by the IAP treatment of cells, despite the fact that slowly-onset inflow of Ca2+ which must be responsible for these delayed responses was observed in these IAP-treated cells. Thus, the IAP substrate may play an additional role in Ca2+-dependent activation of somehow compartmentalized phospholipases.
Evaluation of lyophilized royal jelly and garlic extract emulgels using a murine model infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2022)

The limited therapeutic options associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) necessitate search for innovative strategies particularly, use of natural extracts such as lyophilized royal jelly (LRJ) and garlic extract (GE). Therefore, out study aimed to formulate emulgels containing different concentrations of both LRJ and GE and to evaluate their activities using a murine model infected with MRSA clinical isolate. Four plain emulgel formulas were prepared by mixing stearic acid/yellow soft paraffin-based O/W emulsion formulae based on Carbopol 940, Na alginate, Na carboxymethylcellulose or Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose E4. Sodium alginate-based emulgel was selected for preparation of four medicated emulgel formulations combining LRJ and GE at four different concentrations. The selected medicated emulgels were used for the in vivo studies. The emulgel formulated with Na alginate and HPMC (MF<sub>3</sub>) exhibited optimum smooth homogeneous consistency, neutral pH, acceptable viscosity, spreadability, extrudability values and best storage stability properties. In vivo results revealed that, the wounds infected with MRSA isolate in rates were wet (oozing) and showed pus formation when compared to injured uninfected wounds. MF<sub>3</sub> formula containing 4% LRJ and 50% GE showed the maximum wound healing properties, both in the apparent physical wound healing measurements and in the histopathological examination. In conclusion, the medicated emulgel formulation (MF<sub>3</sub>) prepared with Na alginate was found optimum for topical application. MF<sub>3</sub> formula containing 4% LRJ and 50% GE has shown the highest in vivo wound healing capacities. Further clinical studies should be conducted to prove both its safety and efficacy and the potential use in human.