gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing hypervisor vulnerabilities in cloud computing servers (2013)

The rise of the Cloud Computing paradigm has led to security concerns, taking into account that resources are shared and mediated by a Hypervisor which may be targeted by rogue guest VMs and remote attackers. In order to better define the threats to which a cloud server's Hypervisor is exposed, we conducted a thorough analysis of the codebase of two popular open-source Hypervisors, Xen and KVM, followed by an extensive study of the vulnerability reports associated with them. Based on our findings, we propose a characterization of Hypervisor Vulnerabilities comprised of three dimensions: the trigger source (i.e. where the attacker is located), the attack vector (i.e. the Hypervisor functionality that enables the security breach), and the attack target (i.e. the runtime domain that is compromised). This can be used to understand potential paths different attacks can take, and which vulnerabilities enable them. Moreover, most common paths can be discovered to learn where the defenses should be focused, or conversely, least common paths can be used to find yet-unexplored ways attackers may use to get into the system.
Development of a Saudi Food Frequency Questionnaire and testing its reliability and validity (2017)

To create a food frequency questionnaire specifically designed to capture the dietary habits of Saudis and test its validity and reliability. Methods: This investigation is a longitudinal, test-retest study conducted in King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between December 2015 and March 2016. A list of 140 food items was included in the questionnaire where a closed-ended and open-ended approach was used. Regarding past year food frequency consumption and 24 hours dietary recall, body weight and height were collected. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, completeness of the food list, and criterion validity were assessed. Results: One-hundred and thirty eight participants were interviewed to complete the 24 hours dietary recall and the constructed questionnaire. Approximately 85% of the food items reported in the dietary recall were covered in the food frequency questionnaire. The association of body mass index with meats (regression coefficients: 2.28) and dairy products consumption frequency was statistically significant (regression coefficients: 2.31). A high overall reproducibility rate of the questionnaire was detected (Pearsons' correlation coefficient: 0.78 p less than 0.001). Conclusion: The developed questionnaire has a high reliability and reasonable validity, and suitable for use in nutritional epidemiological investigations in Saudi Arabia.
Short monolithic dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode DBR phosphate fiber laser (2014)

We propose and demonstrate a 5-cm-long monolithic dual-wavelength single-longitudinal mode distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) all-phosphate fiber laser. Strong UV-induced fiber Bragg gratings are directly written in highly Er/Yb codoped phosphate fiber. The separation between gratings is selected as 1 cm to only excite two longitudinal modes in the DBR cavity. By exploiting the spatial hole burning effect and the polarization hole burning effect, stable narrow-linewidth dual-wavelength lasing emission with 38 pm wavelength spacing and a total emitted power of 2.8 mW is obtained from this DBR fiber laser. A microwave signal at 4.58 GHz is generated by the heterodyne detection of the dual-wavelength laser.
Searching the Sequence Space for Potent Aptamers Using SELEX in Silico (2015)

To isolate functional nucleic acids that bind to defined targets with high affinity and specificity, which are known as aptamers, the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) methodology has emerged as the preferred approach. Here, we propose a computational approach, SELEX in silico, that allows the sequence space to be more thoroughly explored regarding binding of a certain target. Our approach consists of two steps: (i) secondary structure-based sequence screening, which aims to collect the sequences that can form a desired RNA motif as an enhanced initial library, followed by (ii) sequence enrichment regarding target binding by molecular dynamics simulation-based virtual screening. Our SELEX in silico method provided a practical computational solution to three key problems in aptamer sequence searching: design of nucleic acid libraries, knowledge of sequence enrichment, and identification of potent aptamers. Six potent theophylline-binding aptamers, which were isolated by SELEX in silico from a sequence space containing 4(13) sequences, were experimentally verified to bind theophylline with high affinity: Kd ranging from 0.16 to 0.52 μM, compared with the dissociation constant of the original aptamer-theophylline, 0.32 μM. These results demonstrate the significant potential of SELEX in silico as a new method for aptamer discovery and optimization.
STACR and CAS: What They Tell Us (2014)

In this article, we look at what the execution of Freddie Mac’s Structured Agency Credit Risk (STACR) and Fannie Mae’s Connecticut Avenue Securities (CAS) tell us about guarantee-fee pricing in a capital-markets driven world. We then contrast the subordination requirements being discussed in Washington (such as in Corker-Warner) with the actual amounts of subordination behind Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s transactions and discuss where the appropriate middle ground may lie. Finally, we discuss remaining policy changes required to invite greater investor participation and hence lower credit guarantee costs. <b>TOPICS:</b>Credit risk management, fixed income and structured finance
Are published characteristics of the ambulatory blood pressure generalizable to rural Chinese? The Jingning population study (2005)

We demonstrated significant differences in the characteristics of the ambulatory blood pressure across Asian and Caucasian populations. To what extent different activity patterns and genetic and environmental factors explain this context-dependency remains to be clarified.
Theoretical analysis of linear and nonlinear piezoelectric vibrational energy harvesters for human walking (2015)

The role of nonlinear stiffness in the performance of the piezoelectric vibrational energy harvester (pVEH) was discussed. Harmonic balance and numerical methods are applied to characterize the electromechanical response of pVEHs based on Duffing oscillator at a deterministic harmonic excitation of fundamental vibration characteristics (2 Hz, 1 m·s−2), which corresponds to human walking. Then, the response to a vibration with two harmonic waves, which has a fixed fundamental frequency (2 Hz, 1 m·s−2) and a frequency varied from 1.5 to 2.5 Hz. The numerical results obtained in this study indicate that nonlinearity does not have a significant advantage on the energy harvesting from human walking.
A 1500 gate, random logic, large-scale integrated (LSI) masterslice (1979)

Describes the development for the bipolar gate array masterslice for custom designed logic. One chip is designed containing an array of standard logic gates which are then interconnected in a custom manner by using the various levels of metal on the chip. One such masterslice contains 1500 logic gates. The authors describe the physical organization of the chip, and the software package used to assist in simulating the logic, wiring the chip, and generating the patterns needed to test that specific logic function. The internal gate is described in detail, and a discussion of some of the design tradeoffs made is included. The peripheral level-shifting circuits used to interface with a T/SUP 2/L environment and an on-chip reference generating circuit are described. The testing philosophy used, and the package within which the chip is placed are discussed. The paper concludes with a description of the bipolar process used to manufacture the chip.
Pleiotropic effects of apolipoprotein C3 on HDL functionality and adipose tissue metabolic activity (2017)

APOC3 is produced mainly by the liver and intestine and approximately half of plasma APOC3 associates with HDL. Though it was believed that APOC3 associates with HDL by simple binding to preexisting particles, recent data support that biogenesis of APOC3-containing HDL (APOC3-HDL) requires Abca1. Moreover, APOC3-HDL contributes to plasma triglyceride homeostasis by preventing APOC3 association with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Interestingly, APOC3-HDL also shows positive correlation with the morbidly obese phenotype. However, the roles of APOC3 in HDL functionality and adipose tissue metabolic activity remain unknown. Therefore, here we investigated the direct effects of APOC3 expression on HDL structure and function, as well as white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolic activity. C57BL/6 mice were infected with an adenovirus expressing human APOC3 or a recombinant attenuated control adenovirus expressing green fluorescent protein and blood and tissue samples were collected at 5 days postinfection. HDL was then analyzed for its apolipoprotein and lipid composition and particle functionality. Additionally, purified mitochondria from BAT and WAT were analyzed for uncoupling protein 1, cytochrome c (Cytc), and Cytc oxidase subunit 4 protein levels as an indirect measure of their metabolic activity. Serum metabolomic analysis was performed by NMR. Combined, our data show that APOC3 modulates HDL structure and function, while it selectively promotes BAT metabolic activation.
Vascular Endoscopy (1973)

A transparent balloon was attached to the distal end of a fiberoptic endoscope, which was then introduced via a cut-down on a large vein. By intermittent inflation of the balloon, it was possible to observe the intimal lining of the inferior vena cava and its tributaries, the endothelial lining of the right atrium, and the tricuspid valve of a live dog in excellent detail. Foreign bodies placed in the veins could be located and photographed. The shortcomings, possibilities, and future development of this technique are discussed.
Response to Staphylococcus aureus requires CD36-mediated phagocytosis triggered by the COOH-terminal cytoplasmic domain (2005)

Phagocyte recognition and clearance of bacteria play essential roles in the host response to infection. In an on-going forward genetic screen, we identify the Drosophila melanogaster scavenger receptor Croquemort as a receptor for Staphylococcus aureus, implicating for the first time the CD36 family as phagocytic receptors for bacteria. In transfection assays, the mammalian Croquemort paralogue CD36 confers binding and internalization of Gram-positive and, to a lesser extent, Gram-negative bacteria. By mutational analysis, we show that internalization of S. aureus and its component lipoteichoic acid requires the COOH-terminal cytoplasmic portion of CD36, specifically Y463 and C464, which activates Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/6 signaling. Macrophages lacking CD36 demonstrate reduced internalization of S. aureus and its component lipoteichoic acid, accompanied by a marked defect in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-12 production. As a result, Cd36-/- mice fail to efficiently clear S. aureus in vivo resulting in profound bacteraemia. Thus, response to S. aureus requires CD36-mediated phagocytosis triggered by the COOH-terminal cytoplasmic domain, which initiates TLR2/6 signaling.
Assessment of testing methodologies for thin-film vacuum MEMS packages (2008)

In this paper, a summary of the most relevant failure mechanisms of thin-film vacuum microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) packages and existing testing techniques will be presented. Then, based on analytical models for thin-film vacuum MEMS packages (volume in the order of 10E−11 l), a feasibility study on options for thin-film vacuum MEMS package testing will be presented. This feasibility study leads to new insights and suggestions for future thin-film vacuum MEMS package testing.
A replication-defective variant of Moloney murine leukemia virus. I. Biological characterization (1978)

We have studied the virus produced by a clone, termed 8A, that was isolated from a culture of murine sarcoma virus-transformed mouse cells after superinfection with Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV-M). Clone 8A produced high levels of type C virus particles, but only a low titer of infectious murine sarcoma virus and almost no infectious MuLV. When fresh cultures of mouse cells were infected with undiluted clone 8A culture fluids, they released no detectable pogeny virus for several weeks after infection. Fully infectious MuLV was then produced in these cultures. This virus was indistinguishable from MuLV-M by nucleic acid hybridization tests and in its insensitivity to Fv-1 restriction. It also induced thymic lymphomas in BALB/c mice. To explain these results, we propose that cone 8A is infected with a replication-defective variant of MuLV-M. Particles produced by clone 8A, containing this defective genome, can establish an infection in fresh cells but cannot produce progency virus at detectable levels. Several weeks after infection, the defect in the viral genome is corrected by back-mutation or by recombination with endogenous viral genomes, resulting in the formation of fully infectious progeny MuLV. The progeny MuLV'S that arose in two different experiments were found to be genetically different from each other. This is consistent with the hypothesis that, in each experiment, the progeny virus is formed clone 8A cells and assayed for infectivity by the calcium phosphate transfection technique. No detectable MuLV was produced by cells treated with this DNA. This finding, along with positive results obtained in control experiments, indicates that clone 8A cells do not contain a normal MuLV provirus.
Accelerated adsorption by activated carbon powders in the presence of an acoustic field (2003)

Vaporous contaminants can be removed from a gas stream by adsorption into powdered activated carbon (PAC). For example, the injection of PAC upstream of particle collectors is the leading approach for the removal of mercury vapor from the exhaust streams of incinerators and coal fired power plants. The removal of dilute vapors, though, can require significant time and significant quantities of PAC. A numerical model will be described that suggests that the adsorption process can be accelerated by applying an intense sound field to the gas after the PAC is injected. It is theorized that a sound field improves diffusion limited adsorption reactions by creating an oscillatory motion of the gas relative to the activated carbon particles. The translation effectively mixes the particles and gas on a microscopic scale and improves the concentration gradient at the surface of the PAC. Results from the numerical model suggest that adsorption rates can be increased by over 50% with the application of an appropriate sound field. Simple laboratory experiments have been performed studying the adsorption of dilute vaporous ethanol in air, and the results support the model. Data has also been collected at a coal fired power plant that demonstrates the improved adsorption of mercury vapor.
Better Experimental Design by Hybridizing Binary Matching with Imbalance\n Optimization (2020)

We present a new experimental design procedure that divides a set of\nexperimental units into two groups in order to minimize error in estimating an\nadditive treatment effect. One concern is minimizing error at the experimental\ndesign stage is large covariate imbalance between the two groups. Another\nconcern is robustness of design to misspecification in response models. We\naddress both concerns in our proposed design: we first place subjects into\npairs using optimal nonbipartite matching, making our estimator robust to\ncomplicated non-linear response models. Our innovation is to keep the matched\npairs extant, take differences of the covariate values within each matched pair\nand then we use the greedy switching heuristic of Krieger et al. (2019) or\nrerandomization on these differences. This latter step greatly reduce covariate\nimbalance to the rate $O_p(n^{-4})$ in the case of one covariate that are\nuniformly distributed. This rate benefits from the greedy switching heuristic\nwhich is $O_p(n^{-3})$ and the rate of matching which is $O_p(n^{-1})$.\nFurther, our resultant designs are shown to be as random as matching which is\nrobust to unobserved covariates. When compared to previous designs, our\napproach exhibits significant improvement in the mean squared error of the\ntreatment effect estimator when the response model is nonlinear and performs at\nleast as well when it the response model is linear. Our design procedure is\nfound as a method in the open source R package available on CRAN called\nGreedyExperimentalDesign.\n
Intrinsic Hyperpolarizabilities as a Figure of Merit for Electro-optic Molecules (2008)

We propose the scale-invariant intrinsic hyperpolarizability as a measure of the figure of merit for electrooptic molecules. By applying our analysis to the best second-order nonlinear-optical molecules that are made using the present paradigms, we conclude that it should be possible to make dye-doped polymers with electrooptic coefficients of several thousand picometers per volt.
Formation of CdSe nanocrystals onto oxidized, ozonized single-walled carbon nanotube surfacesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: additional HRTEM images; discussion of FT-IR and UV-visible-near IR data; XPS spectra. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b4/b404204b/ (2004)

We present the in situ formation of crystalline CdSe quantum dots on the surfaces of oxidized, ozonized single-walled carbon nanotubes, which is a rational synthetic route to the synthesis of complex hierarchical assemblies.
Structures of disease-specific serum alpha-fetoprotein isoforms (2000)

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely used as a serological marker in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT). By application of isoelectric focusing (IEF) disease-specific AFP isoforms can be identified. Three major bands are apparent: + 1 (associated with 'benign' liver disease), + II (associated with HCC) and +III (associated with NSGCT). Recently, we have characterized the predominant glycans of human serum AFP and now report the application of these findings and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to the determination of the glycan composition of the isoforms present in the sera of 12 patients with HCC and of one patient with NSGCT. ESI-MS allowed simultaneous identification of various AFP glycoforms in purified serum AFP. Seven glycoforms were identified, but with different abundance in the sera of the HCC patients, whereas six glycoforms were identified in the serum from the NSGCT patient. The glycan structures of these glycoforms were deduced from their observed masses. AFP glycoforms carrying a single biantennary complex-type N -glycan appeared as the predominant glycoforms, whereas those carrying both N -glycan and O -glycan appeared as minor glycoforms. Correlation between the abundance of the AFP glycoforms and the IEF band intensity suggested that different degrees in sialylation cause the formation of isoforms. This contention was subsequently supported by the ESI-MS and kinetic in vitro desialylation studies on purified Bands + l and + lI AFPs. Our findings indicate that HCC-associated isoforms (Band + II) represent a group of glycoproteins whose carbohydrate structures are all characterized by being mono-sialylated, whereas those associated with benign liver disease and NSGCT are di- and a-sialo species, respectively. Knowledge of the structure of the tumour-specific isoforms should form an important basis for clinically useful assays.
Energy-traffic tradeoff cooperative offloading for mobile cloud computing (2014)

This paper presents a quantitative study on the energy-traffic tradeoff problem from the perspective of entire Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). We propose a novel Energy-Efficient Cooperative Offloading Model (E2COM) for energy-traffic tradeoff, which can ensure the fairness of energy consumption of mobile devices and reduce the computation repetition and eliminate the Internet data traffic redundancy through cooperative execution and sharing computation results. We design an Online Task Scheduling Algorithm (OTS) based on a pricing mechanism and Lyapunov optimization to address the problem without predicting future information on task arrivals, transmission rates and so on. OTS can achieve a desirable tradeoff between the energy consumption and Internet data traffic by appropriately setting the tradeoff coefficient. Simulation results demonstrate that E2COM is more efficient than no offloading and cloud offloading for a variety of typical mobile devices, applications and link qualities in WLAN.
Isolation and characterization of the murine homeobox gene Cdx-1. Regulation of expression in intestinal epithelial cells. (1993)

The murine homeobox gene Cdx-1 is postulated to play an important role in the process of cellular commitment in the intestinal epithelium based upon its graded, tissue-specific expression pattern in the adult animal. We have isolated and sequenced both cDNA and genomic clones in order to understand how this expression pattern is regulated and to determine the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein. Our studies show that the Cdx-1 gene contains 3 exons and 2 introns and encodes a 268-amino acid protein which is translated from a 1.7-1.8-kilobase mRNA. Transcription of the Cdx-1 gene initiates some 30 base pairs downstream from a typical TATA box which, together with the 5' end of the gene, is located within a CpG island. Transient transfection experiments have shown three regions which regulate Cdx-1 gene expression. These include a typical silencer element at -589 to -380, an element at -887 to -1040 which blocks the effect of the silencer and a positive element at -47 to +66; the only one which shows epithelial cell specificity. Using gel shift and footprinting assays we have detected proteins in nuclear extracts prepared from colonic epithelial cells which bind to the silencer element. These initial results suggest that Cdx-1 gene expression is regulated by multiple positive and negative transcription factors.