gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES OF ACENAPHTHENE DERIVATIVES. 31. THE REACTION OF 1‐(1‐PYRROLIDINYL)ACENAPHTHYLENE WITH ELECTROPHILIC ACETYLENES (1979)

Abstract Pyrrolidin (I) wird mit dem Keton (II) zum Enamin (III) kondensiert, von dem das Benzoylderivat (IV) dargestellt wird.
Electrocorticographic interictal spike removal via denoising source separation for improved neuroprosthesis control (2008)

Electrocorticographic (ECoG) neuroprosthesis is a promising area of research that could provide channels of communication and control for patients who have lost their motor functions due to damage to the nervous system. However, implantation of subdural electrodes are clinically restricted to diagnostics of pre-surgical epileptic patients. Hence, interictal activity is present in the recordings across various areas of the sensorimotor cortex and suppresses the amplitude modulated features extracted to model hand trajectories. Denoising source separation is a recently introduced framework which extracts hidden structures of interest within the data through denoising the source estimates with filters designed around prior knowledge on the observations. Herein, we exploit the high amplitude quasiperiodic nature of the observed interictal spikes and show that removal of the interictal activity improves linear prediction of hand trajectories.
Structural C3 diversity in fish: characterization of five forms of C3 in the diploid fish Sparus aurata (1997)

In virtually all species examined to date, the functionally active third component of complement (C3) is encoded by a single gene. We have recently demonstrated, however, that trout possess three structurally and functionally distinct active C3 that represent the products of at least two different C3 genes. In the present study, we provide evidence that multiple forms of functional C3 occur not only in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), a quasi-tetraploid old teleost fish, but also in the diploid gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), a modern teleost fish. In the gilthead sea bream, we have characterized five different forms of C3 (C3-1, C3-2, C3-3, C3-4, and C3-5); in addition, we have identified and isolated a C5-like molecule. Each of the six proteins was composed of an alpha-chain and a beta-chain; however, only the C3 isoforms contained a thioester bond in their alpha-chains. These proteins all differed in the molecular masses of their alpha- and beta-chains and in their glycosylation patterns, reactivity with various Abs, tryptic peptide maps, and NH2-terminal sequences of their chains. These observations together with the fact that each of the six proteins were also purified from a single fish suggest that the C3 isoforms represent the products of several genes. The presence of multiple forms of C3 in a modern diploid fish, very distant in evolutionary time from the trout, strongly suggests that the C3 isoforms generated once from a single C3 gene have remained functional in the genomes of these animals. These findings not only have important consequences for our understanding of the evolution of the C3 protein, but also provide evidence for the formation and generation of a new C3-related gene family.
Adaptation and selection shape clonal evolution of tumors during residual disease and recurrence (2020)

The survival and recurrence of residual tumor cells following therapy constitutes one of the biggest obstacles to obtaining cures in breast cancer, but it remains unclear how the clonal composition of tumors changes during relapse. We use cellular barcoding to monitor clonal dynamics during tumor recurrence in vivo. We find that clonal diversity decreases during tumor regression, residual disease, and recurrence. The recurrence of dormant residual cells follows several distinct routes. Approximately half of the recurrent tumors exhibit clonal dominance with a small number of subclones comprising the vast majority of the tumor; these clonal recurrences are frequently dependent upon Met gene amplification. A second group of recurrent tumors comprises thousands of subclones, has a clonal architecture similar to primary tumors, and is dependent upon the Jak/Stat pathway. Thus the regrowth of dormant tumors proceeds via multiple routes, producing recurrent tumors with distinct clonal composition, genetic alterations, and drug sensitivities.
TUNGSTEN THIN FILM DEPOSITION BY 5 μm MULTIPHOTON DISSOCIATION OF W(CO)6 (1994)

Summed frequency radiation from two synchronised CO 2 transversely excited atmospheric lasers in an AgGaSe 2 crystal, with energies up to 50 mJ at frequencies of ∼2000 cm –1 has been used to study infrared multiple photon dissociation of W(CO) 6 and to induce tungsten thin film deposition. The cross-section of multiphoton absorption saturates, but at a flux close to 40 mJ cm –2 is still high enough (2 x 10 –17 cm 2 ) to allow absorption, on average, of more than 20 photons per molecule, overcoming the dissociation threshold. In parallel beam configuration the multiphoton dissociation yield is proportional to the beam flux raised to the power 1·6 and the critical flux is ⋜120 mJ cm –2 .Averaged energy absorbed per molecule at this flux, calculated on the basis of Judd s absorption law, overcomes total bond dissociation energy by only ∼ 1·4 eV. A transmission electron microscopy study of the deposited tungsten thin film shows that the film is amorphous and homogeneous with a grain size &lt;1 nm.
Downregulation of cell surface molecules during noncytopathic infection of T cells with human immunodeficiency virus (1987)

Noncytopathic infection of human T-lymphoid cell line CR-10 with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (CEM-N1T isolate) resulted in a gradual loss of cell surface receptors for OKT4/OKT4A (HIV receptor), OKT8, OKT3, and OKT11 but not for OKT9 (transferrin receptor) within 10 days after infection. Surface receptor decline was accompanied by a rapid increase in HIV antigens and mRNA expression. Multireceptor downregulation was also observed in three T-lymphoid cell lines (MT-4, CEM, and HBD-1) cytopathically infected with the HIV/N1T virus and in HUT-78 cells infected with the HIV/SF-2 isolate. HIV-infected and uninfected CR-10 cells contained similar levels of mRNAs coding for T3, T8, T9, T11, HLA-A2, and HLA-B7 proteins. By densitometry, fully infected CR-10 cells showed approximately 75% reduction in T4 and tubulin (beta chain) mRNA levels when compared with uninfected CR-10 cells. No such reduction was detected in HIV-infected MT-4 and HBD-1 cells. A T-cell receptor gene (beta chain) rearrangement study revealed that no distinct CR-10 subpopulation was selected out upon infection with HIV. Our results suggest that the reduction in cell surface receptors observed between 1 and 2 weeks postinfection cannot be directly attributed to similar reductions in mRNA levels coding for these receptor proteins. We conclude that HIV infection induces posttranscriptional downregulation of several T-cell surface receptors.
The safety assessment of human-robot systems. Architectonic principles of hazard-control systems. (1989)

As robotics consists of overall engineering systems, it is necessary for the improvement of robot safety that a systematic plan be executed. The examination and designing of safety measures is an important stage of the safety plan. It is essential to establish a systematic methodology for planning and designing safety measures for the effective practice of this stage in individual systems. first, the hazard-restraint process is generalized as four hazard-restraint principles, based on the A-C model hazard-production theory. Next, the architectonics of the final defense line of the hazard-restraint process is established in terms of a dissociation of action linkage by a hazard-control system. Last, the architecture of the hazard-control systems is demonstrated by examples for systems involving a robot following its course, rescue robot, or surgery robot, and the applicability of safety confirmation sensors or controllers is defined clearly.
Characteristics of the Wind Field in Three Nontornadic Low-Level Mesocyclones Observed by the Doppler On Wheels Radars (2021)

The three-dimensional wind fields within three nontornadic supercell thunderstorms are retrieved from dual-Doppler radar observations obtained by a pair of Doppler on Wheels (DOW) radars. The observations focus on the low-level mesocyclone regions of the storms near the time of strongest low-level rotation. All three storms display strong low-level rotation (e.g., the vertical vorticity maxima exceed 0.05 s-1 in the lowest 1000 m AGL in each storm). A principal finding is that the nontornadic mesocyclones possess many of the same signatures found in tornadic supercells, even those viewed in similarly fine resolution; e.g., rear-flank gust fronts wrapping around the circulation centers, multiple cyclonic vertical vorticity maxima along the gust front that spiral inward toward the circulation center, and arching vortex lines joining the cyclonic vorticity maxima to regions of anticyclonic vertical vorticity on the opposite side of the hook echo. The nontornadic mesocyclones possess less circulation than most of the tornadic mesocyclones that have been observed by the DOW radars, particularly within 1 km of the axis of rotation. Another finding is that the trajectories of air parcels passing through the near-surface vertical vorticity maxima have relatively shallow upward vertical excursions, suggesting that these parcels do not enter the overlying midlevel updraft and mesocyclone.&#x0D;
Development of a Fetal Weight Chart Using Serial Trans-Abdominal Ultrasound in an East African Population: A Longitudinal Observational Study (2012)

We developed a weight chart representative for a Tanzanian population and provide evidence for the necessity of developing regional specific weight charts for correct identification of SGA. Our weight chart is an important tool that can be used for clinical risk assessments of newborns and for evaluating the effect of intrauterine exposures on fetal and newborn weight.
Alaskan river environmental acoustics (2005)

Sonars are used by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&amp;G) to obtain daily and hourly estimates of at least four species of migratory salmon during their seasonal migration which lasts from June to beginning of September. Suspended sediments associated with a river’s sediment load is an important issue for ADF&amp;G’s sonar operations. Acoustically, the suspended sediments are a source of both volume reverberation and excess attenuation beyond that expected in fresh water. Each can impact daily protocols for fish enumeration via sonar. In this talk, results from an environmental acoustic study conducted in the Kenai River (June 1999) using 420 kHz and 200 kHz side looking sonars, and in the Yukon River (July 2001) using a 120 kHz side looking sonar, are discussed. Estimates of the volume scattering coefficient and attenuation are related to total suspended sediments. The relative impact of bubble scattering and sediment scattering is also discussed.
Recrystallization kinetics and grain growth studies in twin-roll cast strips of commercial purity aluminium (1050) and aluminium-magnesium alloy (5005) (1998)

Recrystallization kinetics and grain size distribution have been studied in commercial purity aluminium (1050) and Al-Mg alloy (5005) which had been previously twin-roll cast to thicknesses of 1.5 mm and 3 mm. The samples were annealed at 300 °C for different times up to 20 hours. The index of recrystallization was found to be 3.2 ± 0.2 for each type of material, which implied a three-dimensional nature of recrystallization. The 1.5 mm thick samples had higher nucleation rates and, therefore, a smaller final average recrystallized grain size. The grain size distribution was more stabilised in the 1050 samples than in the 5005 samples, and this may be due to the drag effect of the FeAl3 particles on the grain boundaries in the commercial aluminium samples. The degree of spread in the distribution of the grain sizes was bigger in samples rolled to 3 mm than those rolled to 1.5 mm. Anisotropy in the microstructure was observed in the 1050 sheets of thickness 3 mm, in that, the average grain size in the rolling direction (RD) was larger than that in the transverse direction (TD). However, during annealing at 500 °C, the 1.5 mm-thick samples of the 1050 sheet preceded the 3.0 mm-thick samples in achieving an equiaxed grain structure.
Diurnal biomarkers reveal key photosynthetic genes associated with increased oil palm yield (2019)

To investigate limiters of photosynthate assimilation in the carbon-source limited crop, oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), we measured differential metabolite, gene expression and the gas exchange in leaves in an open field for palms with distinct mesocarp oil content. We observed higher concentrations of glucose 1-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, sucrose 6phosphate, and sucrose in high-oil content palms with the greatest difference being at 11:00 (p-value 0.05) immediately after the period of low morning light intensity. Three important photosynthetic genes were identified using differentially expressed gene analysis (DEGs) and were found to be significantly enriched through Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment: chlorophyll a-b binding protein (CAB-13), photosystem I (PSI), and Ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR), particularly for sampling points at non-peak light (11:00 and 19:00), ranging from 3.3-fold (PSI) and 5.6-fold (FNR) to 10.3-fold (CAB-13). Subsequent gas exchange measurements further supported increased carbon assimilation through higher level of internal CO 2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (g s ) and transpiration rate (E) in high-oil content palms. The selection for higher expression of key photosynthesis genes together with CO 2 assimilation under low light is likely to be important for crop improvement, in particular at full maturity and under high density planting regimes where light competition exists between palms.
Inpatient Biophysical Profiles and the Effect on Clinical Decision Making (2020)

<b>Objective</b> Our primary objective was to determine whether biophysical profiles (BPP) performed on the antepartum unit result in changes in clinical decision making. <b>Study Design</b> A retrospective cohort chart review was performed among women who had a BPP during hospital admission. BPP status was categorized as normal (8/8 points) and abnormal (6/8 or less points). The primary outcome, clinical decision making, was the need for prolonged external fetal monitoring (defined as > 2 hours) or decision to proceed with delivery. Secondary outcomes included mode of delivery, indicated preterm delivery, birth weight, 5-minute Apgar's score <7, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. <b>Results</b> Among our cohort ( <i>n</i> = 186), 85.5% ( <i>n</i> = 159) had a normal BPP. Delivery management was altered in one case (0.54%) by the BPP findings, and there were no BPPs that resulted in need for prolonged monitoring. Compared with women with normal BPP, women with abnormal BPPs were more likely to deliver at <37 weeks, to be admitted to the NICU, or have a 5-minute Apgar's score <7. <b>Conclusion</b> In-hospital BPPs alter clinical decision making in less than 1% of cases.
Cu(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular C−C Coupling of Activated Methylene Compounds with Vinyl Halides: Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Alkylidenecyclobutanes (2008)

With the catalysis of CuI/L-proline, a number of 2-(3-bromobut-3-enyl)malonates underwent efficient intramolecular C-vinylation leading to the synthesis of functionalized alkylidenecyclobutanes. Competition experiments revealed that this four-membered ring closure is fundamentally preferred over the corresponding five-membered ring closure.
Experimental model to study correction of rectus diastasis by laparoscopy, in pigs (2003)

The use of swines as an experimental model to correct rectus diastasis by laparoscopy is described on this article. The correction of this deformity was achieved by the plication of the posterior rectus sheath with the insertion of two trocars on the inferior abdominal fold. One trocar was placed in the midline whereas the other was inserted laterally to the right rectus muscle. A continuous suture was made on the posterior rectus sheath with 0-Polipropilene. This suture was anchored at the anterior rectus sheath under direct vision. An incision of all layers was performed on the flank and the abdominal wall was turned inside out so that the area of plication could be assessed and evaluated. The experimental model described showed to be feasible to demonstrate the correction of rectus diastasis by laparoscopy.
New detritylation method for nucleosides and nucleotides by ceric ammonium nitrate (1996)

The trityl and monomethoxytrityl groups are efficiently (80–98% yields) removed from protected nucleosides or nucleotides by use of 0.10 equivalent of Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6 in wet acetonitrile and DMF under neutral conditions.
Stereo calibration from correspondences of OTV projections (1995)

Stereo images have to be calibrated before stereo vision can recover three-dimensional information of the imaged scene. Position constraints over image point correspondences are traditionally used to solve the calibration problem. A method is described that uses angle constraints over correspondences of a particular type of image features, the projections of orthogonal trihedral vertices (OTV), for calibration. Computations of the rotation matrix and the translation vector are separable and the method has a closed-form solution. It also requires correspondences of only two vertex projections at minimum to recover all the transformation parameters which are recoverable from a stereo image pair. Extensive experimental results, including those on real images, are presented and they show that use of angle constraints is generally more accurate than position constraints alone.
Molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of kekulene (Cycloarenes, a new class of aromatic compounds ; 2) (1983)

The molecular structure of kekulene (1) was determined by X-ray structure analysis. From the bond lengths of 1 a remarkable localisation of aromatic sextets and double bonds is concluded (cf. formula 1b). - The problem of annulenoid versus benzenoid diatropicity in 1 is discussed on the basis of 1 H NMR absorptions. These data, in agreement with recent theoretical calculations support a predominant ring-current induction in the benzenoid subunits of 1 and rule out a significant contribution of annulenoid structures like 1a. - Absorption and emission spectra of 1 are discussed as are the zero-field splitting parameters of the excited triplet state of 1.
ChemInform Abstract: PolyHIPEs as Novel Media for Conventional Free‐Radical Chemistry. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Taguchi methodology as a statistical tool for biotechnological applications: A critical appraisal (2008)

Success in experiments and/or technology mainly depends on a properly designed process or product. The traditional method of process optimization involves the study of one variable at a time, which requires a number of combinations of experiments that are time, cost and labor intensive. The Taguchi method of design of experiments is a simple statistical tool involving a system of tabulated designs (arrays) that allows a maximum number of main effects to be estimated in an unbiased (orthogonal) fashion with a minimum number of experimental runs. It has been applied to predict the significant contribution of the design variable(s) and the optimum combination of each variable by conducting experiments on a real-time basis. The modeling that is performed essentially relates signal-to-noise ratio to the control variables in a 'main effect only' approach. This approach enables both multiple response and dynamic problems to be studied by handling noise factors. Taguchi principles and concepts have made extensive contributions to industry by bringing focused awareness to robustness, noise and quality. This methodology has been widely applied in many industrial sectors; however, its application in biological sciences has been limited. In the present review, the application and comparison of the Taguchi methodology has been emphasized with specific case studies in the field of biotechnology, particularly in diverse areas like fermentation, food processing, molecular biology, wastewater treatment and bioremediation.
Deletion of neutral endopeptidase exacerbates intestinal inflammation induced byClostridium difficiletoxin A (2001)

Toxin A (TxA) of Clostridium difficile induces acute inflammation of the intestine initiated by release of substance P (SP) and activation of the neurokinin-1 receptor. However, the mechanisms that terminate this response are unknown. We determined whether the SP-degrading enzyme neutral endopeptidase (NEP, EC 3.4.24.11) terminates TxA-induced enteritis. We used both genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of NEP to test this hypothesis. In wild-type mice, instillation of TxA (0.5-5 microg) into ileal loops for 3 h dose dependently increased ileal fluid secretion, stimulated granulocyte transmigration determined by myeloperoxidase activity, and caused histological damage characterized by depletion of enterocytes, edema, and neutrophil accumulation. Deletion of NEP reduced the threshold secretory and inflammatory dose of TxA and exacerbated the inflammatory responses by more than twofold. This exacerbated inflammation was prevented by pretreatment with recombinant NEP. Conversely, pretreatment of wild-type mice with the NEP inhibitor phosphoramidon exacerbated enteritis. Thus NEP terminates enteritis induced by C. difficile TxA, underlying the importance of SP degradation in limiting neurogenic inflammation.
A method for Aerodynamic Noise Estimation of Pantograph using Deconvolution Method (2022)

Aerodynamic noise generated from pantograph of Shinkansen train is one of the important sources of Shinkansen railway noise. De-convolution (DC) method with microphone array is widely used for source localization in a wind tunnel test to develop noise mitigation methods effectively. The point spread function (PSF) which gives the response of a noise source affects the result of DC method. This paper describes a method to estimate sound pressure level (SPL) of aerodynamic pantograph noise at an arbitrary observation point based on the sound source map obtained by the deconvolution method. PSF, which is designed with the effect of sound field around the pantograph is calculated by numerical analysis (boundary element method). The properties of the calculated PSF is examined in by a speaker test by comparing with a result obtained by conventional PSF, which is designed for a free space. The proposed method is applied to the measurement of the aerodynamic pantograph noise in a wind tunnel test. It is shown that the estimated SPL of the pantograph noise at the observation points agrees well with the measurement result and spatial resolution of the source localization can be improved.