gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Layer thickness dependence of spin orbit torques and fields in Pt/Co/AlO trilayer structures (2015)

We investigated the strength of the spin orbit interaction induced effective magnetic fields originating from two distinct mechanisms of different symmetry in Pt/Co/AlO trilayer films with varying Pt and Co thicknesses. Films are deposited by RF magnetron sputtering and effective magnetic fields are measured using an AC current induced magnetization oscillation technique. Based on the Pt thickness dependence, a transverse effective field perpendicular to both magnetization and current directions resembled Rashba effect while a longitudinal field parallel to the current direction was resembled to the spin Hall effect. More overwhelming is the sensitivity of the transverse and longitudinal fields to the Co layer which drastically increased when the Co thickness was changed from 0.6 to 0.9 nm. The sensitivity of the layer thickness indicates the importance of relative current distribution of the current density per layer in achieving a consensus of the widely controversial spin orbit strength in Pt/Co/AlO and other similar films.
Rhodesia (formerly Southern Rhodesia) (1965)

GOVERNMENT. Prior to Oct. 1923 Southern Rhodesia, like Northern Rhodesia, was under the administration of the British South Africa Company. In Oct. 1922 Southern Rhodesia voted in favour of responsible government. On 12 Sept. 1923 the country was formally annexed to His Majesty’s Dominions, and on 1 Oct. 1923 government was established under a governor, assisted by an executive council, and a legislature.
F16RS SGR No. 24 (Crosswalk Skip Bertman) (2016)

To urge and request Parking and Transportation Services to repaint the crosswalks on Skip Bertman Drive and to add pedestrian crossing signs to the middle of these crosswalks
Stopped-flow kinetics of locked nucleic acid (LNA)‒oligonucleotide duplex formation: studies of LNA‒DNA and DNA‒DNA interactions (2001)

The locked nucleic acid (LNA) monomer is a conformationally restricted nucleotide analogue with an extra 2'-O,4'-C-methylene bridge added to the ribose ring. Oligonucleotides that contain LNA monomers have shown greatly enhanced thermal stability when hybridized to complementary DNA and RNA and are considered most promising candidates for efficient recognition of a given mixed sequence in a nucleic acid duplex and as an antisense molecule. Here the kinetics and thermodynamics of a series of oligonucleotide duplex formations of DNA-DNA and DNA-LNA octamers were studied using stopped-flow absorption measurements at 25 degrees C and melting curves. The reactions of the DNA octamer 5'-CAGGAGCA-3' with its complementary DNA octamer 5'-TGCTCCTG-3', and with the LNA octamers 5'-T(L)GCTCCTG-3' (LNA-1), 5'-T(L)GCT(L)CCTG-3' (LNA-2) and 5'-T(L)GCT(L)CCT(L)G-3'(LNA-3), containing respectively one, two or three thymidine 2'-O,4'-C-methylene-(D-ribofuranosyl) nucleotide monomers, designated T(L), were studied. In all cases were seen fast second-order association reactions with k(obs)=2x10(7) M(-1)s(-1). At 25 degrees C the dissociation constants of the duplexes obtained from melting curves were: DNA-DNA, 10 nM; DNA-LNA-1, 20 nM; DNA-LNA-2, 2 nM; and DNA-LNA-3, 0.3 nM; thus the greatly enhanced duplex stability induced by LNA is confirmed. Since the association rates were all equal this increase in stability is due to slower rates of dissociation of the complexes.
Navigation Study at the Approach to Lock and Dam 24, Upper Mississippi River. Hydraulic Micro Model Investigation. Volume 2 (1998)

Abstract : This document contains the maps and diagrams for Volume I, Navigation Study at the Approach to Lock and Dam 24, Upper Mississippi River. Hydraulic Micro Model Investigation.
Taking the Next Step: From 'Unmanned' to True Autonomy (2012)

Abstract : Unmanned systems have come to be used so extensively that it is almost impossible to imagine tomorrow's military operating without the strategic, operational, and tactical advantages that they offer. However, today most unmanned systems have yet to advance towards true autonomy; instead, they require extensive manpower support, which escalates Total Ownership Costs to unsustainable levels. As the DoD's Unmanned Systems Integrated Roadmap 2011-2036 states, the increased manpower to operate unmanned systems is adding stress to the overall workload of the armed forces. This stress highlights the need to transition to a more autonomous, modern system of warfare. Future C4ISR development to make this vision a reality must reduce manpower while expanding complexity of missions these systems are able to carry out. A particularly urgent focus area is the need for unmanned intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) systems to conduct onboard processing of data to address the information overload crisis that the U.S. military is facing today. We will present examples of ground-breaking work being conducted in the DoD laboratory community, highlighting systems such as the Intelligence Carry On Program (ICOP) that are paving the way for a completely new paradigm--multiple unmanned systems controlled by one operator.
Control de procesos de temple con láser mediante dispositivos pirométricos (2002)

Se presenta un sistema de regulación en tiempo real del temple de aceros con láser basado en el empleo de dispositivos pirométricos de radiación. Se incluye una descripción completa del dispositivo de monitorización junto con un análisis detallado del bucle de control, basado en un regulador por síntesis directa y su validación, especificando su concepción flexible y exportable a otro tipo de sistemas y tratamientos láser diferentes al empleado en el presente trabajo. Finalmente, se analizan los resultados obtenidos aplicando el sistema en procesos reales de temple superficial en acero F-114, incluyendo un estudio paramétrico de las posibles variables de control a través de ensayos de dureza y profundidad de temple de las probetas tratadas.
Ultra–deep Resistivity Technology as a Solution for Efficient Well Placement; Geosteering and Fluid Mapping to Reduce Reservoir Uncertainty and Eliminate Pilot Hole-First Time in Offshore Abu Dhabi, UAE (2020)

Abstract This paper present the successful deployment of the ultra-deep EM tool in a mature carbonate reservoirs to reduce the uncertainty associated with fluid movement for horizontal/ MRC well-placement optimization and enable precise geosteering to maintain distance from fluid boundaries and mapping of nearby reservoirs for future reservoir development. In addition, the EM tool can facilitate to optimise lower completion design liner (blank pipe length, PPL, ICD and swellable packer depth). The high heterogeneity of reservoir qualities increase uncertainty in fluid distribution and make drilling long horizontal, oil producer wells in offshore mature giant carbonate fields very challenging. The usual plan is to drill a pilot hole crossing the reservoir sections, evaluate log saturation, and then re-optimize horizontal sections accordingly. To study the possibility of eliminating pilot holes, an ultra-deep electromagnetic (EM) tool was deployed. The first objective was to detect reservoir boundaries and predict resistivity of the target before penetrating it (Geostopping). The second objective was to optimize the horizontal drain (Geosteering), and map resistivity of adjacent reservoirs for well completion and future well optimisation (Geomapping). Pre-well inversion modeling was conducted to optimize the spacing and firing frequency selection in order to facilitate early real-time geosteering and geostopping decisions. The plan was to run the ultra-deep resistivity tool in conjunction with shallow propagation resistivity and density-neutron porosity while drilling the 8½ in landing section. The objective was to be able to detect the lithology boundary early and predict the resistivity of the reservoir before penetrating, facilitating geostopping decisions. This would allow optimization of the horizontal section to geosteer the well in an oil-saturated layer 4-6 feet from top boundary while geomapping the surrounding reservoirs’ resistivity. The EM tool delivered accurate mapping of thin reservoir layers while drilling the 8½ in section, as well as enhanced mapping of low resistivity zones up to 85 feet true vertical thickness in a challenging low-resistivity environment. Comparison to recorded open-hole logs for validation showed good results, enabling identification of the optimal geostopping point in the 8½ in. section. The EM tool is able to save up to five rig days in the future by eliminating pilot holes. The 6 inch horizontal section was successfully geosteered and placed 4-6 feet from top boundary. The EM tool was able to map reservoir resistivity 30 feet TVD below the wellbore and the completion design was designed accordingly. Additionally, the EM inversion for the nearby reservoirs helped to modify the plans for nearby future wells.
Thermophones for sonar applications (2017)

Thermophones are electrically driven thermoacoustic sound projectors which have historically been used as a primary source of sound. Thermophones have a sound spectra that are largely determined by their housing and support and efficiencies that are determined by the device’s ability to maintain a dynamic temperature gradient across a gaseous layer surrounding the thin heating element. A number of factors make thermophones an attractive technology for underwater use including the relative ease and low cost of production, the large thermal reservoir provided by the surrounding aquatic environment, and the ability to tune the spectra over a broad range of frequencies. We present calibrated acoustic underwater tests performed on thermophones which demonstrate the potential for a new class of sonar transducers. Small, 6.35 cm diameter, inert gas filled laminate pouch thermophones were fabricated which provide a low frequency resonance. Additionally, a liquid filled thermophone demonstrates a smooth response over a wide frequency band.
Self-consistent modelling of the polar thermosphere and ionosphere to magnetospheric convection and precipitation (invited review) (1986)

It has recently been demonstrated that the dramatic effects of plasma precipitation and convection on the composition and dynamics of the polar thermosphere and ionosphere include a number of strong interactive, or feedback, processes. To aid the evaluation of these feedback processes, a joint three dimensional time dependent global model of the Earth's thermosphere and ionosphere was developed in a collaboration between University College London and Sheffield University. This model includes self consistent coupling between the thermosphere and the ionosphere in the polar regions. Some of the major features in the polar ionosphere, which the initial simulations indicate are due to the strong coupling of ions and neutrals in the presence of strong electric fields and energetic electron precipitation are reviewed. The model is also able to simulate seasonal and Universal time variations in the polar thermosphere and ionospheric regions which are due to the variations of solar photoionization in specific geomagnetic regions such as the cusp and polar cap.
Study of the spin and parity of the Higgs boson in diboson decays with the ATLAS detector (2015)

Studies of the spin, parity and tensor couplings of the Higgs boson in the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decay processes at the LHC are presented. The investigations are based on [Formula: see text] of <i>pp</i> collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at [Formula: see text] TeV and [Formula: see text] TeV. The Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson hypothesis, corresponding to the quantum numbers [Formula: see text], is tested against several alternative spin scenarios, including non-SM spin-0 and spin-2 models with universal and non-universal couplings to fermions and vector bosons. All tested alternative models are excluded in favour of the SM Higgs boson hypothesis at more than 99.9 % confidence level. Using the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decays, the tensor structure of the interaction between the spin-0 boson and the SM vector bosons is also investigated. The observed distributions of variables sensitive to the non-SM tensor couplings are compatible with the SM predictions and constraints on the non-SM couplings are derived.
Types of Myocardial Infarction Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Individuals in the United States (2017)

Approximately half of all MIs among HIV-infected individuals were type 2 MIs caused by heterogeneous clinical conditions, including sepsis or bacteremia and recent use of cocaine or other illicit drugs. Demographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors among those with type 1 and type 2 MIs differed, suggesting the need to specifically consider type among HIV-infected individuals to further understand MI outcomes and to guide prevention and treatment.
The Role of Clusterin in Amyloid-β–Associated Neurodegeneration (2013)

In nondemented older individuals, Aβ-associated volume loss occurs in the presence of elevated clusterin. The effect of clusterin on Aβ-associated brain atrophy is not confounded or explained by p-tau. These findings implicate a potentially important role for clusterin in the earliest stages of the Alzheimer disease neurodegenerative process and suggest independent effects of clusterin and p-tau on Aβ-associated volume loss.
Summarizing internal dynamics boosts differential analysis and functional interpretation of super enhancers (2021)

ABSTRACT Super enhancers (SEs) are broad enhancer domains usually containing multiple constituent enhancers that hold elevated activities in gene regulation. Disruption in one or more constituent enhancers causes aberrant SE activities that lead to gene dysregulation in diseases. To quantify SE aberrations, differential analysis is performed to compare SE activities between cell conditions. The state-of-art strategy in estimating differential SEs relies on overall activities and neglect the changes in length and structure of SEs. Here, we propose a novel computational method to identify differential SEs by weighting the combinatorial effects of constituent-enhancer activities and locations (i.e., internal dynamics). In addition to overall activity changes, our method identified four novel classes of differential SEs with distinct enhancer structural alterations. We demonstrate that these structure alterations hold distinct regulatory impact, such as regulating different number of genes and modulating gene expression with different strengths, highlighting the differentiated regulatory roles of these unexplored SE features. When compared to the existing method, our method showed improved identification of differential SEs that were linked to better discernment of cell-type-specific SE activity and functional interpretation. We implement an R package, DASE , to facilitate the use of our method.
Optimal Fusion of Vector Observations with Angle or GPS Phase Difference Observations for Three-Axis Attitude Determination (2016)

The general problem of determining the three-axis attitude from a combination of vector and angle or GPS phase difference observations is examined. Two cost functions, one for vector observations and one for angle or GPS phase difference observations, are combined into a single maximum likelihood cost function. The initial attitude estimate is found and then updated using the Newton estimation sequence until it converges to the optimal estimate. The numerical examples are presented that demonstrate effectiveness of the new approach.
Posterior Cervical Keyhole Laminoforaminotomy: A Cadaveric Comparative Study to Evaluate Limits of Bony Resection (2018)

Large KH defects involving both upper and lower laminae and facets can expose the roots to greater extent than small KH defects at C3-4, C5-6, and C6-7 levels. Large KH defects may allow better exposure of nerve roots axillae than small KH defects.
Design of Dissipative Low-Authority Controllers Using An Eigensystem Assignment Technique (1992)

A new method for the design of dissipative, low-authority controllers has been developed. The method uses a sequential approach along with eigensystem assignment to compute rate and position gain matrices that assign a number of closed-loop poles of the system to desired locations. A numerical example is worked out for a flexible structure in order to demonstrate the proposed technique.
Analysis of Cache Effects and Resource Scheduling in Distributed Parallel Processing Systems. (1995)

In this paper we analyze the effects of resource scheduling decisions on the cache misses experienced by parallel scientific applications, and the impact of this cache overhead on system performance. Our results demonstrate that both of these effects have significant performance implications, suggesting that cache considerations should be incorporated in the resource scheduling policies for distributed parallel systems.
Ivermectin administration is associated with lower gastrointestinal complications and greater ventilator-free days in ventilated patients with COVID-19: A propensity score analysis (2021)

Ivermectin improved gastrointestinal complications and the number of ventilator-free days in severe COVID-19 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Prevention of gastrointestinal symptoms by SARS-Cov-2 might be associated with COVID-19 outcome.
Orbital entanglement and violation of Bell inequalities in the presence of dephasing (2003)

We discuss orbital entanglement in mesoscopic conductors, focusing on the effect of dephasing. The entanglement is detected via violation of a Bell Inequality formulated in terms of zero-frequency current correlations. Following closely the recent work by Samuelsson, Sukhorukov and Buttiker, we investigate how the dephasing affects the possibility to violate the Bell Inequality and how system parameters can be adjusted for optimal violation.
Low threshold characteristics of an L-band Brillouin-erbium comb fiber laser in a linear cavity (2006)

The L-band linear-cavity multiwavelength Brillouin-erbium fiber laser source has been experimentally investigated. The proposed L-band laser cavity exhibits a low threshold power of ∼23.4 mW due to the high efficiency of double-pass amplification in the erbium gain medium and also bidirectional generation of the Brillouin pump in the single-mode fiber. The effects of Brillouin pump power and the wavelength on the threshold pump power are also discussed. Consequently, it has been found that there is a limited range for the Brillouin pump wavelength to achieve a lasing condition in the laser cavity.
Serum neurofilament level increases after ascent to 4559 m but is not related to acute mountain sickness (2020)

Rapid ascent of healthy people to high altitude provokes an increase in sNfL 44 h after arrival at 4559 m, which is not related to the magnitude of hypoxemia or AMS incidence and severity, suggesting that neuro-axonal injury does not directly contribute to AMS.
Advances in optical imaging of the human retina (2010)

Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique to correct for the aberrations in the eye's optics, and offers non-invasive, optical access to the retina in living eyes on an unprecedented scale. The technology is very useful for ophthalmic imaging and is being used for basic and clinical imaging, but the scope of applications goes well beyond. By coupling scanning laser technology with adaptive optics, we are able to track and deliver light to the retina with the precision and accuracy of single cones and can simultaneously record either perceptual (human) or electrical responses (monkey). These measurements are helping to reveal basic properties of the human visual system.
Fabrication and Characterisation of Aligned Discontinuous Carbon Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastics as Feedstock Material for Fused Filament Fabrication (2020)

In this work, aligned discontinuous fibre composite (ADFRC) tapes were developed and investigated as precursors for a novel 3D printing filament. ADFRCs have the potential to achieve mechanical performance comparable to continuous fibre reinforced composites, given sufficient fibre length and high level of alignment, and avoid many of the manufacturing difficulties associated with continuous fibres, e.g., wrinkling, bridging and corner radii constraints. Their potential use for fused filament fabrication (FFF) techniques was investigated here. An extensive down-selection process of thermoplastic matrices was performed, as matrix properties significantly impact both the processing and performance of the filament. This resulted in four candidate polymers (ABS, PLA, Nylon, PETG) which were used to manufacture ADFRC tapes with a <i>V</i><sub>f</sub> of 12.5% using the high performance discontinuous fibre (HiPerDiF) technology and an in-house developed continuous consolidation module. Tensile stiffness and strength up to 30 GPa and 400 MPa respectively were recorded, showing that a discontinuous fibre filament has the potential to compete with continuous fibre filaments.
Design and analysis of a microstrip reflectarray (1993)

The objective of this study was to develop a theoretical framework for the design and analysis of microstrip reflectarrays. In particular the applicability of a stub loaded microstrip element for reflectarray designs is investigated. A rigorous solution to the scattering of a stub loaded microstrip element is formulated in the spectral domain and solved using moment method techniques. Both isolated and infinite arrays of stub loaded elements are treated. A functional relationship between the phase and amplitude of the scattered field to the length of the stub which terminates the microstrip element is established. This functional relationship is then employed to design a finite reflectarray as well as predict the performance of the array over a wide frequency range. The theoretical projections are supported by experimental evaluations including the design, fabrication and measurement of a C-band microstrip reflectarray.
New Low Coordination Phosphorus Heterocycles (1992)

Abstract With the aim of synthesizing novel functionalized derivatives of phosphinine (phosphabenzene), we investigated Diels‐Alder approaches to 2‐halophosphinines. The reaction of dienes such as 1‐isopropenyl‐1‐cyclohexene and 1‐vinylnaphthalene with Cl 2 P‐CHCl 2 and triethylamine gave 2‐chlorophosphinines, but their substitution pattern was unsuitable for the synthesis of bidentate phosphinine ligands. However, the precursor Cl 2 P‐CHl 2 reacted with triethylamine in the presence of 1,3‐butadiene or its 2,3‐dimethyl derivative to furnish 2‐iodophosphinines 5 which, directly or after formation of their pentacarbonyltungsten complexes, underwent a number of interesting functionalization reactions. Useful for reaction with a number of electrophiles were the organozinc reagent 4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐iodozincophosphinine (26) which could be obtained directly from the corresponding 2‐iodophosphinine 5b and zinc either in DMF or in THF/TMEDA, and the pentacarbonyltungsten coordinated 2‐lithio derivative 36 .
Physical-Chemical Characterization and Polymorphism Determination of Two Nimodipine Samples Deriving from Distinct Laboratories (2005)

Knowing the characteristics of raw materials in pharmaceutical practice is both important and useful. Firstly, evaluating the physical-chemical properties of the substances that will be used must be the primary step for quality control in the pharmacy industry. This work aims at analyzing the physical-chemical characteristics of two nimodipine samples I and II derived from distinct laboratories through thermal analysis (DSC and TG/DTG), HPLC, crystallography, and microscopy. Thermal analysis showed that sample II was more unstable than I. Morphological differences concerning shape, size, and crystallinity of particles were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction. To sum up, the techniques used in this study can be said to have been efficient in the characterization and evaluation of quality control of the raw material.