gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell adhesion, spreading, and motility of GM3-expressing cells based on glycolipid-glycolipid interaction. (1991)

Cell lines expressing varying levels of ganglioside GM3 at the cell surface show different degrees of adhesion and spreading on solid phase coated with such glycosphingolipids (GSLs) as Gg3 (GalNAc beta 1----4Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----1Cer), LacCer (Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----1Cer), or Gb4 (GalNAc beta 1----3Gal alpha 1----4Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----1Cer) (where Cer is ceramide), which may have structures complementary to GM3, but not on solid phase coated with various other GSLs. The degree of cell adhesion and spreading on Gg3 was correlated with the degree of cell-surface GM3 expression, as defined by reactivity with anti-GM3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) DH2. Only cells with high GM3 expression adhered on solid phase coated with LacCer or Gb4. Adhesion of GM3-expressing cells on Gg3-, LacCer-, and Gb4-coated solid phase is based on interaction of GM3 with Gg3 and, to a lesser extent, with LacCer and Gb4, as demonstrated by: (i) the interaction of the GM3 liposome with solid phase coated with Gg3, LacCer, and Gb4, respectively; (ii) the abolition of cell adhesion on each GSL-coated solid phase by treatment of cells with mAb DH2 or sialidase; and (iii) the inhibition of cell adhesion by treatment of GSL-coated solid phase with mAb specific to each GSL. Sialosyllactosyl-lysyllysine conjugate was bound to Gg3 adsorbed on a C18 silica gel column in the presence of bivalent cation, suggesting that the carbohydrate moiety of GM3 is involved in GM3-Gg3 interaction. Not only the adhesion and spreading of GM3-expressing cells, but also their cell motility was greatly enhanced on Gg3-coated solid phase, as determined by Transwell assay and phagokinetic track assay on a gold sol-coated surface. Spreading and motility of GM3-expressing cells on Gg3-coated solid phase were both inhibited by treatment of cells with mAb DH2 or sialidase. These results provide evidence that not only cell adhesion, but also spreading and motility in these cell lines are controlled by complementary GSL-GSL interaction.
[Non-invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure changes through the ear]. (1997)

Otoacoustic emissions are low energy vibrations generated by the inner ear during the physiologic process of hearing. The authors measured transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions in normal hearing individuals placed in Trendelenburg position and during diagnostic elevation of intracranial pressure in neurosurgical patients. In Trendelenburg position and at elevated intracranial pressure and reproducible phase shift of otoacoustic emissions could be observed. This phase shift was linear to the pressure increase of intracranial liquids. According to the hypothesis of the authors intracranial pressure increase is transmitted to the inner ear (possibly by the cochlear aqueduct) and thereby the mechanical load on the stapes footplate is elevated. This, in turn, causes a stiffening of the annular ligament which changes the angle of the impedance vector and thereby the phase of the whole vibrating system. By measuring the phase of otoacoustic emissions it is possible to monitor intracranial pressure in various clinical states.
AVIRIS data and neural networks applied to an urban ecosystem (1992)

Urbanization is expanding on every continent. Although urban/industrial areas occupy a small percentage of the total landscape of the earth, their influence extends far beyond their borders, affecting terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric systems globally. Yet little has been done to characterize urban ecosystems of their linkages to other systems horizontally or vertically. With remote sensing we now have the tools to characterize, monitor, and model urban landscapes world-wide. However, the remote sensing performed on cities so far has concentrated on land-use patterns as distinct from land-cover or composition. The popular Anderson system is entirely land-use oriented in urban areas. This paper begins with the premise that characterizing the biophysical composition of urban environments is fundamental to understanding urban/industrial ecosystems, and, in turn, supports the modeling of other systems interfacing with urban systems. Further, it is contended that remote sensing is a tool poised to provide the biophysical composition data to characterize urban landscapes.
Is the whole greater than the sum of the parts? Self-rated health and transdisciplinarity (2013)

Self-rated health (SRH)—a person’s subjective evaluation of his general health—is a more valid and powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality than any other combination of objective and self-reported measures. However, current theoretical frameworks fail to explain this association. Here, we sought to investigate SRH in relation to health outcomes from a transdisciplinary perspective. Using a selective review of epidemiological, clinical and qualitative SRH literature, we analyzed the relationships between this global subjective self-perception of health (the whole) and its directly measurable constituents (the parts). Although SRH often predicts major health outcomes, its underpinnings vary from person to person. Factors influencing individual’s health interact in complex ways evade reductionist methods assessing the parts, and may be best captured by global self-perceptions of health. The study of SRH from a transdisciplinary perspective exemplifies the notion that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Insight into individual’s experience of “health”, their association with physiological processes, and impact on the health/disease continuum may contribute to the development of individualized strategies for health care and promotion with aging. In particular, this should be most valuable for addressing non-communicable health conditions where cross-talk between health domains (biological, psychological, social, behavioral, spiritual) may significantly contribute to pathophysiology.
Laryngeal function-preserving therapy for hypopharyngeal cancers (2015)

下咽頭癌の治療では，癌の根治と共に喉頭機能温存が極めて重要な事項である。従来咽喉頭癌に対し，放射線治療が喉頭機能温存治療の中心的役割を果たしてきた。当院で2005～2009年の5年間に機能温存治療を行った下咽頭癌1次例97例中62例（63.9%）で（C）RTが選択された。一方下咽頭癌に対する機能温存手術は，従来外切開による咽喉頭部分切除術が中心であったが，近年の内視鏡技術の向上や手術支援ロボットの開発により，海外ではTORS，本邦ではEMRやELPS，TOVSなどが盛んに行われるようになってきた。このように（C）RT，経口的切除が多く選択される中，外切開による咽喉頭部分切除術の役割は，経口的切除では機能温存が困難な症例に対し適切な再建術や嚥下機能改善手術を併施することで喉頭機能温存を可能とすることにある。より良い機能温存治療を提供するために，放射線・経口的切除・外切開部分切除のすべての得失を理解し，最適な治療を選択する必要がある。
Bluetooth-the fastest developing wireless technology (2002)

As a novel technology of short-range wireless communications, the evolution and characteristics of Bluetooth are introduced. Key parts and networking of Bluetooth are shown in detail. We then outline some possible applications.
Data structure distribution and multi-threading of Linux file system for multiprocessors (2002)

The standard Linux design assumes a uniprocessor architecture. Allowing several processors to execute simultaneously in the kernel mode on behalf of different processes can cause consistency problems unless appropriate exclusion mechanisms are used. In addition, if the file system data structures are not distributed, performance can be affected. We discuss a multiprocessor file system design for Linux ext2fs with various data structures, such as super block, inodes, buffer cache, directory cache (name cache), distributed with respect to different processors with appropriate exclusion mechanisms.
Studies in mycological chemistry. Part XXVI. Total synthesis of (±)-O-methylsterigmatocystin (1971)

M. J. Rance and J. C. Roberts, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1971, 1247 DOI: 10.1039/J39710001247
Anaesthesia and the ‘Inert’ Gases with Special Reference to Xenon (1992)

Xenon has many of the properties of the ideal anaesthetic agent and has been proposed as a suitable replacement for nitrous oxide in routine clinical anaesthesia. Xenon, krypton and argon are chemically inert under most circumstances, yet all have anaesthetic properties. Xenon is of particular interest because it is the only 'inert' gas which is an anaesthetic under normobaric conditions. Because of this property, xenon has an important place in the history of the development of theories of anaesthetic action and of concepts such as MAC. Cost is likely to be a major impediment to the regular use of xenon.
On Passive Data Link Layer Fingerprinting of Aircraft Transponders (2015)

In order to meet future demands in increasingly congested airspaces, the world's aviation authorities are currently upgrading their air-traffic management systems. The Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) protocol is at the core of the Next Generation Air Transportation (NextGen) system, and an increasingly large number of aircraft use ADS-B to broadcast data to their surroundings. In this paper, we use differences in the implementation of aircraft transponders to fingerprint their wireless drivers. In particular, without any modification to either aircraft or the off-the-shelf ADS-B receivers that we use, we develop a passive fingerprinting technique that accurately and efficiently identifies the wireless implementation by exploiting variations in their transmission behavior. We perform an evaluation of our fingerprinting technique that shows it both quickly and accurately fingerprints aircraft transponders using real-world aircraft data. Furthermore, through cross-referencing our fingerprints with open source aircraft databases, we are able to infer potential aircraft types and fleet combinations, as well as general market proliferation of different transponder implementations. Finally, we discuss implications for the security and privacy of our approach as well as potential mitigating factors.
A Ligand Template that Functionally Corrects Eleven Melanocortin‐4 Receptor (MC4R) Polymorphisms (2007)

The MC4R is a G‐protein coupled receptor(GPCR) expressed in the brain, and has a role in regulating food intake and obesity. We have pharmacologically characterized eleven reported human MC4R polymorphisms in vitro that do not respond normally to the endogenous agonists a‐MSH, b‐MSH, g2‐MSH, ACTH(1–24), but are expressed at the cell surface. The agonist ligand AMW3‐130 possess a sub‐nM stimulatory potency at these dysfunctional hMC4Rs. Central administration of a derivative of AMW3‐130 into ad libium fed cannulated mice resulted in a statistically significant decrease in food intake, with no observed adverse behavior. These data are in agreement with the role of an MC4R agonist to decrease food intake. This is the first report we are aware of, identifying a ligand that can correct for functional defects of hMC4R polymorphic receptors and provides a potential lead therapeutic agent to treat children and adults with these mutations to increase their quality of life. This work has been supported by NIH Grants R01DK063974, R01DK57080, R01DK64250, and an American Diabetes Association Research Award (CHL).
Application of the pyrite ash in the microwave Fenton process of decolorization of the synthetic color solution (2012)

The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of fly ash and pyrite ash applications as a Fenton catalysts in the advancement of the microwave/hydrogen peroxide (MW/H2O2) treatment in the Rhodamine B decolorization process. At the same time, a comparison of the influence of these heterogenous catalysts with the homogenous Fenton catalyst on the decolorization process was conducted. The influence of the catalyst was tracked in previously optimized conditions MW/H2O2: [Rhodamine B] = 0.2 mM; pH 3.2; temperature 85?C; [H2O2] = 80 mM; power = 300 W. Under such conditions, the efficiency of 99.5% was achieved after 30 minutes of reaction time. The same efficiency was achieved through the application of MW/Fe2+/H2O2 and MW/pyrite ash/H2O2 after only 10 minutes of reaction time. The order of the tested integrated processes according to the initial reaction rate is as follows: MW/Fe2+/H2O2&gt;MW/fly ash/H2O2&gt;MW/H2O2. The results of this study present a basis for further research and optimization of water solution decolorization process through pyrite ash with MW and hydrogen peroxide application.
Fast MVAE: Joint separation and classification of mixed sources based on multichannel variational autoencoder with auxiliary classifier (2018)

This paper proposes an alternative algorithm for multichannel variational autoencoder (MVAE), a recently proposed multichannel source separation approach. While MVAE is notable in its impressive source separation performance, the convergence-guaranteed optimization algorithm and that it allows us to estimate source-class labels simultaneously with source separation, there are still two major drawbacks, i.e., the high computational complexity and unsatisfactory source classification accuracy. To overcome these drawbacks, the proposed method employs an auxiliary classifier VAE, an information-theoretic extension of the conditional VAE, for learning the generative model of the source spectrograms. Furthermore, with the trained auxiliary classifier, we introduce a novel algorithm for the optimization that is able to not only reduce the computational time but also improve the source classification performance. We call the proposed method "fast MVAE (fMVAE)". Experimental evaluations revealed that fMVAE achieved comparative source separation performance to MVAE and about 80% source classification accuracy rate while it reduced about 93% computational time.
Redox cycling of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in magnetite by Fe-metabolizing bacteria (2015)

complete VSGs would appear to be insufficient to support the sometimes years-long infections observed in the field. Although parasitemia is much lower in natural hosts, preexisting immunity is common in native mammals (22), requiring constant VSG diversification to sustain infection. Segmental gene conversion events have been demonstrated in both Trypanosoma equiperdum and T. brucei infections (7, 23, 24) generating “mosaic” VSGs that were not previously encoded in the genome. Previous studies had noted that mosaics tend to arise later in infection but have not determined when these variants are formed within the genome, or how. It is unknown whether mosaic VSGs form at the active expression site or within the silent repertoire before expression. To identify possible mosaics, we compared expressed VSG sequences to two independently assembled genomes for this parasite strain. Because of limitations in the amount of material available at each time point, we could choose only a few candidates for validation. To test that these were true mosaics and to determine when they formed within the genome, we used VSG-specific primers to confirm their absence from the genome of the parental strain and presence within genomic DNA (gDNA) collected during infection. We identified three mosaic VSGs using this approach. In each case, the mosaic VSG was only detectable by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) when it was also being expressed within the parasite population. This suggests that mosaic formation occurs, at least in these cases, shortly before expression, with subsequent transposition into the active expression site, or directly within the active expression site (Fig. 4 and fig. S3). Mosaic formation may be a mechanism for increasing repertoire diversity as infection progresses. Our results indicate that VSG switching does not occur at a rate that we would have expected to be just sufficient for immune evasion, with only a few variants present at any time. This suggests that recombinatorial mechanisms that expand the preexisting VSG repertoire may be critical for sustaining the long infections observed in natural hosts. Recent work on samples collected from sleeping sickness patients shows higherthan-expected VSG diversity (25), indicating that complex VSG dynamics are likely to be clinically relevant. Our results provide a foundation for the study of VSG switching and diversification in vivo and demonstrate the potential of highthroughput approaches for studying antigenic
Comparison of DC offset effects in four LMS adaptive algorithms (1995)

It is well known that DC offsets degrade the performance of analog adaptive filters. In this paper, the effects of DC offsets on four variations of the stochastic gradient algorithm are analyzed. Assuming a Gaussian probability distribution for the input signal and error signal, the output mean squared error (MSE) performance in the presence of DC offsets is evaluated for each of the algorithms. The theoretical work is compared with computer simulations and the results, together with convergence properties of each of the algorithms and their respective hardware requirements, are used in selecting the most appropriate algorithm. Although a Gaussian input distribution is assumed, it may reasonably be inferred that the critical results obtained should also hold for other input distributions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Assessment of myocardial metabolic flexibility and work efficiency in human type 2 diabetes using 16-[18F]fluoro-4-thiapalmitate, a novel PET fatty acid tracer (2016)

Altered myocardial fuel selection likely underlies cardiac disease risk in diabetes, affecting oxygen demand and myocardial metabolic flexibility. We investigated myocardial fuel selection and meta...
Translational evidence for the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in stress-related psychiatric illnesses (2013)

Accumulating evidence over the past decade has highlighted an important role of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in the regulation of stress and emotional behavior across divergent species, from rodents to humans. The general findings from this work indicate that the eCB system plays an important role in gating and buffering the stress response, dampening anxiety and regulating mood. Work in rodents has allowed researchers to determine the neural mechanisms mediating this relationship while work in human populations has demonstrated the possible importance of this system in stress-related psychiatric diseases, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety and major depression. These stress-protective effects of eCB signaling appear to be primarily mediated by their actions within corticolimbic structures, particularly the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date discussion of the current level of knowledge in this field, as well as address the current gaps in knowledge and specific areas of research that require attention.
Harmonization of postmortem donations for pediatric brain tumors and molecular characterization of diffuse midline gliomas (2020)

Children diagnosed with brain tumors have the lowest overall survival of all pediatric cancers. Recent molecular studies have resulted in the discovery of recurrent driver mutations in many pediatric brain tumors. However, despite these molecular advances, the clinical outcomes of high grade tumors, including H3K27M diffuse midline glioma (H3K27M DMG), remain poor. To address the paucity of tissue for biological studies, we have established a comprehensive protocol for the coordination and processing of donated specimens at postmortem. Since 2010, 60 postmortem pediatric brain tumor donations from 26 institutions were coordinated and collected. Patient derived xenograft models and cell cultures were successfully created (76% and 44% of attempts respectively), irrespective of postmortem processing time. Histological analysis of mid-sagittal whole brain sections revealed evidence of treatment response, immune cell infiltration and the migratory path of infiltrating H3K27M DMG cells into other midline structures and cerebral lobes. Sequencing of primary and disseminated tumors confirmed the presence of oncogenic driver mutations and their obligate partners. Our findings highlight the importance of postmortem tissue donations as an invaluable resource to accelerate research, potentially leading to improved outcomes for children with aggressive brain tumors.
Fault models and tests for Ring Address Type FIFOs (2002)

First-in First-Out memories are becoming increasingly popular as buffer storage between subsystems operating at different data rates. One common way to implement a FIFO is to use a dual-port SRAM memory with a ring-address mechanism consisting of an n-bit shift register (n is the number of words in the FIFO). This saves the address decoder circuitry and allows for higher speed operation, which makes this type of FIFO very popular, especially for embedded applications. The well known functional tests for SRAMs can not be applied to FIFOs because of their built-in access restrictions. Functional fault models and functional tests for Ring-Address Type FIFOs have not been studied and reported before; this paper aims at filling in this gap. It introduces functional fault models and presents a set of tests for Ring-Address Type FIFOs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tracking the oxidative kinetics of carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acids in the house sparrow using exhaled 13CO2 (2010)

Clinicians commonly measure the (13)CO(2) in exhaled breath samples following administration of a metabolic tracer (breath testing) to diagnose certain infections and metabolic disorders. We believe that breath testing can become a powerful tool to investigate novel questions about the influence of ecological and physiological factors on the oxidative fates of exogenous nutrients. Here we examined several predictions regarding the oxidative kinetics of specific carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acids in a dietary generalist, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). After administering postprandial birds with 20 mg of one of seven (13)C-labeled tracers, we measured rates of (13)CO(2) production every 15 min over 2 h. We found that sparrows oxidized exogenous amino acids far more rapidly than carbohydrates or fatty acids, and that different tracers belonging to the same class of physiological fuels had unique oxidative kinetics. Glycine had a mean maximum rate of oxidation (2021 nmol min(-1)) that was significantly higher than that of leucine (351 nmol min(-1)), supporting our prediction that nonessential amino acids are oxidized more rapidly than essential amino acids. Exogenous glucose and fructose were oxidized to a similar extent (5.9% of dose), but the time required to reach maximum rates of oxidation was longer for fructose. The maximum rates of oxidation were significantly higher when exogenous glucose was administered as an aqueous solution (122 nmol min(-1)), rather than as an oil suspension (93 nmol min(-1)), supporting our prediction that exogenous lipids negatively influence rates of exogenous glucose oxidation. Dietary fatty acids had the lowest maximum rates of oxidation (2-6 nmol min(-1)), and differed significantly in the extent to which each was oxidized, with 0.73%, 0.63% and 0.21% of palmitic, oleic and stearic acid tracers oxidized, respectively.
Amino acids and acylcarnitine production by Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella sorokiniana microalgae from wastewater culture (2019)

Microalgae produced essential amino acids and nutritionally important carnitines from wastewater. In addition, <i>C. sorokiniana</i> biomass has higher potential as animal nutrient supplement, as compared with that of <i>C. vulgaris</i>.