gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparing Pt/SrTiO3 to Rh/SrTiO3 for hydrogen photocatalytic production from ethanol (2013)

Photocatalytic hydrogen production from ethanol as an example of biofuel is studied over 0.5 wt% Rh/SrTiO3 and 0.5 wt% Pt/SrTiO3 perovskite materials. The rate of hydrogen production, rH2, over Pt/SrTiO3 is found to be far higher than that observed over Rh/SrTiO3 (4 × 10−6 mol of H2 g catal. −1 min−1 (1.1 × 10−6 mol of H2 m catal. −2 min−1) compared to 0.7 × 10−6 mol of H2 g catal. −1 min−1 (5.5 × 10−8 mol of H2 m catal. −2 min−1), respectively, under UV excitation with a flux equivalent to that from the sun light (ca. 1 mW cm−2). Analyses of the XPS Rh3d and XPS Pt4f indicate that Rh is mainly present in its ionic form (Rh3+) while Pt is mainly present in its metallic form (Pt0). A fraction of the non-metallic state of Rh in the catalyst persisted even after argon ion sputtering. The tendency of Rh to be oxidized compared to Pt might be the reason behind the lower activity of the former compared to the later. On the contrary, a larger amount of methane are formed on the Rh containing catalyst compared to that observed on the Pt containing catalyst due to the capacity of Rh to break the carbon–carbon bond of the organic compound.
Instability and Nonlinear Dynamics of Curved Vortices (2018)

International audience
Modeling Motion for Spatial Scalability (2006)

The dramatic proliferation of visual displays, from cell phones, through video iPods, PDAs, and notebooks, to high-quality HDTV screens, has raised the demand for a video compression scheme capable of decoding a "once-encoded" video at a range of supported video resolutions and with high quality. A promising solution to this problem has been recently proposed in the form of wavelet video coding based on motion-compensated temporal filtering (MCTF); scalability is naturally supported while efficiency is comparable to state-of-the-art hybrid coders. However, although rate (quality) and temporal scalability are natural in mainstream "t+2D" wavelet video coders, spatial scalability suffers from drift problems. In the light of the recently proposed "2D+t+2D" modification, which targets spatial scalability performance, we present a framework for the modeling of spatially-scalable motion that is well matched to this new structure. We propose a motion estimation scheme in which motion fields at different spatial scales are jointly estimated and coded. In addition, at lower spatial resolutions, we extend the block-wise constant motion model to a higher-order model based on cubic splines, effectively creating a "mixture motion model" that combines different models at different supported spatial scales. This advanced spatial modeling of motion significantly improves the coding efficiency of motion at low resolutions and leads to an excellent overall compression performance; spatial scalability performance of the proposed scheme approaches that of a non-scalable coder.
The case for sequencing the genome of the electric eel Electrophorus electricus (2008)

A substantial international community of biologists have proposed the electric eel Electrophorus electricus (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes) as an important candidate for genome sequencing. In this study, the authors outline the unique advantages that a genome sequencing project of this species would offer society for developing new ways of producing and storing electricity. Over tens of millions of years, electric fish have evolved an exceptional capacity to generate a weak (millivolt) electric field in the water near their body from specialized muscle‐derived electric organs, and simultaneously, to sense changes in this field that occur when it interacts with foreign objects. This electric sense is used both to navigate and orient in murky tropical waters and to communicate with other members of the same species. Some species, such as the electric eel, have also evolved a strong voltage organ as a means of stunning prey. This organism, and a handful of others scattered worldwide, convert chemical energy from food directly into workable electric energy and could provide important clues on how this process could be manipulated for human benefit. Electric fishes have been used as models for the study of basic biological and behavioural mechanisms for more than 40 years by a large and growing research community. These fishes represent a rich source of experimental material in the areas of excitable membranes, neurochemistry, cellular differentiation, spinal cord regeneration, animal behaviour and the evolution of novel sensory and motor organs. Studies on electric fishes also have tremendous potential as a model for the study of developmental or disease processes, such as muscular dystrophy and spinal cord regeneration. Access to the genome sequence of E. electricus will provide society with a whole new set of molecular tools for understanding the biophysical control of electromotive molecules, excitable membranes and the cellular production of weak and strong electric fields. Understanding the regulation of ion channel genes will be central for efforts to induce the differentiation of electrogenic cells in other tissues and organisms and to control the intrinsic electric behaviours of these cells. Dense genomic sequence information of E. electricus will also help elucidate the genetic basis for the origin and adaptive diversification of a novel vertebrate tissue. The value of existing resources within the community of electric fish research will be greatly enhanced across a broad range of physiological and environmental sciences by having a draft genome sequence of the electric eel.
Orthopaedist's Guide to Plain Film Imaging (1999)

llustrating a full range of routine and special radiographic views for disorders of the musculoskeletal system, this new reference clearly shows how to obtain superior plain film radiographs. The book is organized by anatomy and clinical concern, with 275 special views covering positioning, equipment, and guidelines for avoiding commonly encountered technical problems. Photographs demonstrate correct patient postioning from various angles, and corresponding radiographs identify a properly positioned patient. Practical and comprehensive, this is a key resource and teaching tool for orthopaedic surgeons, residents, and radiologists.
Studies on transannulation reactions across a nine-membered ring: the synthesis of natural product-like structures (2011)

A series of diverse natural product-like structures have been synthesised by the use of a number of novel transannulation reactions across a cyclononene ring. Transannular cyclisations through oxygen functionality have generated a number of bicyclo[5.3.1]systems containing bridged cyclic ethers and bicyclo[5.2.2]lactones, as well as a tetrahydrofuran-containing bridged analogue of hexacyclinic acid. An unprecedented Brønsted acid mediated transannular cyclisation between proximal carbons generated bicyclo[4.3.0]nonanes which form the core of the pinguisane and austrodorane families of sesquiterpenoids. In all cases the key factor that determined the mode of reactivity was the conformation of the nine-membered ring and the distance between the reacting centres.
Investigation of a narrow-band signal structure in the vortex ring noise (1994)

Experimental investigations of the vortex ring noise carried out recently in an anechoic chamber showed the presence of a narrow peak in averaged spectra near the frequency f=1200 Hz the width of which was 200 Hz. Separate realizations recorded previously by tape recorder were used for averaging. The main questions are: What is the mechanism of narrow peak appearance? What is the reason for such a peak width? In the first part of this work a careful comparison between the experimental data and the simplest theoretical model is conducted. Vortex ring modes that could be responsible for the radiation are obtained. However, the investigation of separate time realization considered in the second part of this work showed that the process of sound radiation by vortex ring is of a more complex nature than it was initially expected. The registered radiation appeared to have the form of short time flashing oscillations (wave trains) not connected in phase with each other. Observed peculiarities of the acoustic signal are inherent to the narrow-band random process, but not the mixture of the harmonic component and broadband noise as it seemed earlier, i.e., the mechanism of vortex ring sound generation is probably connected with an interaction between vortex core modes and the turbulence near the core.
Classification of Rhabdomyosarcoma and Its Molecular Basis (2013)

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, has traditionally been classified into embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) for pediatric oncology practice. This review outlines the historical development of classification of childhood RMS and the challenges that have been associated with it, particularly problems with the diagnosis of "solid variant" ARMS and its distinction from ERMS. In addition to differences in clinical presentation and outcome, a number of genetic features underpin separation of ERMS from ARMS. Genetic differences associated with RMS subclassification include the presence of reciprocal translocations and their associated fusions in ARMS, amplification of genes in ARMS and its fusion subsets, chromosomal losses and gains that mostly occur in ERMS, and allelic losses and mutations usually associated with ERMS. Chimeric proteins encoded in most ARMS from the fusion of PAX3 or PAX7 with FOXO1 are expressed, result in a distinct pattern of downstream protein expression, and appear to be the proximate cause of the bad outcome associated with this subtype. A sizeable minority of ARMS lacks these fusions and shares the clinical and biological features of ERMS. A battery of immunohistochemical tests may prove useful in separating ERMS from ARMS and fusion-positive ARMS from fusion-negative ARMS. Because of limitation of predicting outcome solely based on histologic classification, treatment protocols will begin to utilize fusion testing for stratification of affected patients into low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups.
Covalent dimerization of interleukin‐like epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer (ILEI) facilitates EMT, invasion, and late aspects of metastasis (2017)

The interleukin-like epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer (ILEI)/FAM3C is a member of the highly homologous FAM3 family and is essential for EMT and metastasis formation. It is upregulated in several cancers, and its altered subcellular localization strongly correlates with poor survival. However, the mechanism of ILEI action, including the structural requirements for ILEI activity, remains elusive. Here, we show that ILEI formed both monomers and covalent dimers in cancer cell lines and in tumors. Using mutational analysis and pulse-chase experiments, we found that the four ILEI cysteines, conserved throughout the FAM3 family and involved in disulfide bond formation were essential for extracellular ILEI accumulation in cultured cells. Modification of a fifth cysteine (C185), unique for ILEI, did not alter protein secretion, but completely inhibited ILEI dimerization. Wild-type ILEI monomers, but not C185A mutants, could be converted into covalent dimers extracellularly upon overexpression by intramolecular-to-intermolecular disulfide bond isomerization. Incubation of purified ILEI with cell culture medium showed that dimerization was triggered by bovine serum in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Purified ILEI dimers induced EMT and trans-well invasion of cancer cells in vitro. In contrast, ILEI monomers and the dimerization-defective C185A mutant affected only cell motility as detected by scratch assays and cell tracking via time-lapse microscopy. Importantly, tumor cells overexpressing wild-type ILEI caused large tumors and lung metastases in nude mice, while cells overexpressing the dimerization-defective C185A mutant behaved similar to control cells. These data show that covalent ILEI self-assembly is essential for EMT induction, elevated tumor growth, and metastasis.
Fire as an Environmental Cue Initiating Ascomycete Development in a Tallgrass Prairie (1975)

SUMMARYLaboratory incubation of soil samples from burned prairie stands demonstrated the presence of both coprophilous and carbonicolous ascomycetes. These fungi did not appear on soils collected from unburned prairie stands or from spring-burned stands that were sampled in July. Evidence is presented which suggests that prairie fires bring about a reduction in microbial competition at the soil surface, thereby permitting the successful development of these post-fire fungal colonists. Several of the coprophilous ascomycetes appearing on burned soil were also found on deer and rabbit feces collected from unburned prairie stands. It is suggested that grassland fires provide an additional mechanism by which the coprophilous forms can complete their life cycle. Furthermore, these fires may provide the principle means of initiating growth and development of several noncoprophilous ascomycetes.
2D object recognition using implicit polynomials and algebraic invariants (2002)

The problem studied in this paper is the recognition of free-form objects from their 2D visual data in a manufacturing environment and the integration of CAD systems with recognition systems. A system based on implicit polynomials and algebraic invariants is developed. Integration of such a visual system with the computer aided design (CAD) phase of the production has been attempted allowing the data exchange in between. To allow this exchange, data produced by CAD system had to be converted to some format in order to be acceptable by the recognition system. Since many CAD packages use parametric form for representing designed objects, the conversion from parametric representation to its implicit correspondent is studied. Even if the conversion proved to be successful, problems between fitted and converted implicit polynomials arose. So this topic is left as a research topic for future studies.
Electron emission from PZT ceramic with MgO coating layer induced by pulsed electric field (2000)

Abstract Electron emission into vacuum from PZT ferroelectric ceramic plate coated with MgO thin film has been observed under the application of electric field of pulse consisting of a pair of positive and negative voltages. The damage surface of electrode and PZT ceramic without MgO coating before and after the electron emission has been observed by microscope, and the damage is considered to spread out from the triple point. A high-intensity electric filed exists near the triple point and probably results in the generation of a plasma, which damages the surface of the electrode and makes the electron emission unstable. The MgO coating of the surface of the electrode and PZT has made the emission stable and also enlarged cycles of electron emission.
Kinematics of flow in sheet molding compounds (1985)

Abstract Experiments utilizing charges constructed of black and white sheet molding compound (SMC) reveal the basic kinematic mechanisms controlling the flow of the fiber‐filled compound in compression molding. The experimental results show that SMC deforms in uniform extension within individual charge layers, with slip occurring at the mold surface and, for slower closing speeds, also between the layers of SMC. When the mold closes rapidly, the charge extends uniformly through its thickness, with all slip concentrated at the mold surface.
Evaluation of receive-only single coil and four-element phased array for rodent brain imaging at 11.7 T (2011)

To achieve high temporal and spatial resolutions in Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging, one of the keys is to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the signal receiving stage. We used ultra high-field at 11.7 Tesla and custom surface array engineered to fit the size and geometry of a mouse brain in order to increase the SNR and to aim for very high spatial resolution. The coil array was a receive-only coil. Each element of the array was relatively small to reduce the overall loading. The array is cylindrically curved and mounted right above the skull to achieve optimal SNR. Spatial resolution reaches less than 35 micrometers when a four minutes FISP acquisition protocol was applied.
A brief report of toxicity end points of HER2 vaccines for the treatment of patients with HER2<sup>+</sup> breast cancer (2019)

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted vaccines are under development, but have so far demonstrated only modest clinical efficacy. Additionally, there has been a lack of adequate safety assessment in large-scale prospective clinical trials. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of available clinical trial data to summarize the toxicity profiles of these treatments. Literature search was conducted in February 2018. The trials analyzed had at least one study arm consisting of HER2 vaccine monotherapy. Heterogeneity across studies was analyzed using <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> statistics. Data were analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis for absolute risk (AR). Eight trials and 248 patients were included. There was no evidence of heterogeneity between studies for grades 3/4 adverse events (AEs) or for death. The AR for treatment-related serious AEs was 5% with no treatment-related deaths. The AR of all-grade fatigue, injection site reaction, and fever/chills/rigors was 33%, 23%, and 31%, respectively. Asymptomatic drop in left ventricle ejection fraction was rare (8%). HER2 vaccines are well tolerated with increased AR of fatigue, injection site reactions, and fever/chills/rigors.
CMOS scaling beyond 0.1 μm: how far can it go? (2003)

This paper discusses the issues, challenges, and possible directions for further scaling and performance gains beyond 0.1 /spl mu/m CMOS. Gate oxides, already down to a few atomic layers thick, will soon be limited by tunneling currents to a thickness of 15-20 /spl Aring/. A general guideline, based on 2-D effects in MOSFETs, is given for the length scaling of high-k gate dielectrics. A feasible design for 25 mm bulk CMOS is to use a highly abrupt, vertically and laterally nonuniform doping profile to control the short-channel effect. The effect of polysilicon-gate depletion on the performance of 25 nm CMOS is examined and quantified. Beyond conventional CMOS, the question whether any of the exploratory device structures, including ultra-thin SOI and double-gate MOSFET, can extend CMOS scaling to 10 nm channel length is addressed.
Impact of intrinsic and extrinsic imperfections on the electronic and optical properties of MoS2 (2019)

Intrinsic and extrinsic disorder from lattice imperfections, substrate and environment has a strong effect on the local electronic structure and hence the optical properties of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides that are determined by strong Coulomb interaction. Here, we examine the role of the substrate material and intrinsic defects in monolayer MoS2 crystals on SiO2 and hBN substrates using a combination of scanning tunneling spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, optical absorbance, and low-temperature photoluminescence measurements. We find that the different substrates significantly impact the optical properties and the local density of states near the conduction band edge observed in tunneling spectra. While the SiO2 substrates induce a large background doping with electrons and a substantial amount of band tail states near the conduction band edge of MoS2, such states as well as the high doping density are absent using high quality hBN substrates. By accounting for the substrate effects we obtain a quasiparticle gap that is in excellent agreement with optical absorbance spectra and we deduce an exciton binding energy of about 480 meV. We identify several intrinsic lattice defects that are ubiquitious in MoS2, but we find that on hBN substrates the impact of these defects appears to be passivated. We conclude that the choice of substrate controls both the effects of intrinsic defects and extrinsic disorder, and thus the electronic and optical properties of MoS2. The correlation of substrate induced disorder and defects on the electronic and optical properties of MoS2 contributes to an in-depth understanding of the role of the substrates on the performance of 2D materials and will help to further improve the properties of 2D materials based quantum nanosystems.
Dimethyl Sulfide Measurement by Fluorine-Induced Chemiluminescence (1998)

We have developed a high-speed sensor for dimethyl sulfide (DMS) based on its fast chemiluminescent reaction with molecular fluorine. Emission in the wavelength range 450-650 nm is monitored via photon counting. The instrument can continuously measure DMS with a response time of 0.1 s and is highly linear and sensitive. Limits of detection (S/N = 1) are 39, 12, and 4 pptv DMS for 0.1-, 1-, and 10-s integration times, respectively. Sensitivity and response time allow the direct measurement of DMS fluxes in the marine atmospheric boundary layer by the eddy correlation technique. Selectivity has previously been measured and is sufficient for monitoring DMS in the marine boundary layer without significant interferences.
Microparticles from T lymphocytes reduce actinomycin D-induced apoptosis in human endothelial cells (2009)

Date du colloque&nbsp;: 2009
Femtosecond laser microfabrication of 3D structures in Foturan glass (2006)

Currently, high throughput manufacture of Lab-on-a-chip devices integrated with both microoptics and microfluidics faces serious challenges, including assembly and packaging. Because of their different physical properties and functions, the optical and the fluidic elements are often first separately fabricated on different substrates, and then assembled into a single Lab-on-a-chip device. The alignment between the microoptical and microfluidic components requires micron-scale precision. To overcome this difficulty, we recently developed a novel laser microfabrication technique to form 3D hollow structures buried in a photosensitive glass - Foturan. The formation of both the optical and the fluidic structures were completed in a unified fabrication process. The technique is based on femtosecond laser direct writing followed by post-baking and successive chemical etching, completely eliminating the assembling procedures such as alignment, fixation, stacking, and bonding that are inherent in traditional 3D microprocessing techniques. In this paper, we describe the fabrication of a broad variety of hollow structures in Foturan glass, and the integration of these structures to build functional micro-devices. Furthermore, we will discuss how to control the fabrication resolution in three dimensions by developing novel beam focusing schemes to generate isotropic focal spot shapes inside the transparent materials.