gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An automated, high-throughput experimental system for induced charge electrokinetics (2010)

Recent experiments in induced charge electrokinetics (ICEK) have shown that the standard theory generally overpredicts experimentally observed velocities. Such discrepancies reduce the efficacy of practical ICEK devices, and highlight our incomplete understanding of electrokinetic phenomena. Here, we present an automated experimental system that allows for the rapid collection of ICEK data under a variety of conditions ( approximately 1000 per day) to help develop and constrain new theories. We demonstrate this system by studying the ICEK slip flows over electrodes that have been controllably "contaminated" with a dielectric layer, either SiO(2) or an alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer, of known thickness. We also develop a theory that accounts for the effects of the dielectric coatings surface chemistry that yields quantitative agreement with experiments over nearly a thousand distinct conditions in the SiO(2) system and present an additional three thousand experiments of flows over alkanethiol monolayers. Our experimental system allows the direct interrogation of the physico-chemical effects that influence ICEK flows and for the optimization of these flows in lab-on-a-chip systems.
On phase matching and power coupling in grating-assisted couplers (1992)

Two formulas of phase-matching condition for grating-assisted couplers in the literature are compared. The power exchange between the waveguides is examined by a numerical solution to the coupled-mode equations and a direct simulation by the beam propagation method. It is demonstrated that the phase-matching of the normal modes of the coupler (array modes) maximizes the power coupling. The approximate phase-matching condition for the modes of the individual waveguides (waveguide modes), however, leads to only partial power exchange.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
034 Using street view imagery for injury and violence research (2022)

<h3></h3> Google Street View imagery is a novel and underutilized source of built environment data in violence and injury research. Such data can characterize physical conditions, such as presence of sidewalks, driver visibility, and traffic calming in proximity to motor vehicle collisions and active transportation injuries, or broken sidewalks in relation to falls among older adults. It can also be used to characterize reflections and possible determinants of social conditions, such as sustained disinvestment or physical disorder. Tools to assess such built environment conditions have been developed but remain underused in the injury and violence field, in part due to lack of familiarity among researchers. In this workshop, we will discuss conceptual, legal/ethical, and practical concerns regarding the use of these data. Conceptual issues covered will include theoretical framing of visually assessable features as an influence on behaviors and outcomes, selection of sites to audit and the pros and cons of spatial interpolation, proper consideration of temporality, and the role of historical inequities in developing the conditions being assessed. Legal/ethical issues covered will include the use of the Google API, concerns regarding terms of service and offline caching of images for use with Machine Learning algorithms, and when it is necessary to obtain informed consent from research staff conducting audits. Practical issues will include development of new audit protocols, training of auditors, and availability and quality of imagery. The short course, which has not previously been offered at SAVIR, will include hands-on experience using the Computer Assisted Visual Neighborhood Assessment System (CANVAS), a web-based tool designed to conduct virtual audits of Street View imagery reliably and the de facto standard for conducting such audits for epidemiologic research.
New Contact Probe and Method to Measure Electrical Resistances in Battery Electrodes (2016)

Abstract Electrical resistivity is an important measure to qualify electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries. A reliable determination of conductivity is of high practical importance with regard to, for example, electrode production improvements and quality control. To complement state‐of‐the‐art measuring techniques, a new method has been developed based on a new “micron‐powder probe”. Following a simple measuring procedure, the system allows nondestructive, highly reproducible, and rapid data acquisition. In this paper, we describe the new concept thoroughly and present experimental results. These results demonstrate that an initial determination of resistance values in battery electrodes is beneficial especially if it is combined with an electrical postmortem analysis of cycled cathode disks. The outcome of our investigation is validated with regard to the electrochemical performance of cathodes in half‐cells.
Sugar Content, Acidity and Effect on Plaque pH of Fruit Juices, Fruit Drinks, Carbonated Beverages and Sport Drinks (1984)

The concentration of fructose, glucose and sucrose, the pH and the titratable amount of acid were analyzed in the following groups of soft drinks (8–11 samples per group): (1) fruit juices, (2) fruit drinks, (3) carbonated beverages and (4) sport drinks. Moreover, the effect of representative products on pH changes of dental plaque was studied in two groups of teenagers with 16 or 19 subjects per group. The fruit juices, fruit drinks and carbonated beverages contained, on average, a total amount of sugars (fructose + glucose + sucrose) of 9.3–9.8%. The corresponding value for sport drinks was 4.4%. The sucrose content was high in 1-week-old fruit drinks and carbonated beverages, but decreased, by spontaneous hydrolysis, to relatively low values when stored at room temperature for 5 months. The mean pH values in the various soft drinks varied between 3.1 and 3.6. Fruit juices had the highest titratable amount of acid, approximately 2–3 times higher than the three other groups of products. Mouth rinses with orange juice, orange drink and Coca-Cola® resulted in low and about the same plaque pH. The sport drinks (Gatorade® and Pripps Pluss®) induced also low plaque pH values but somewhat less than the other products (p < 0.01). When Coca-Cola was consumed either from a glass or with a straw, the pH decrease was significantly smaller compared to a mouth rinse with the same product (p < 0.001). To conclude, the results from the present investigation indicate that commonly used soft drinks, i.e. fruit juices, fruit drinks, carbonated beverages and sport drinks, have about the same ‘cariogenicity’ as far as the total amount of sugars, acidity and the effect on plaque pH are concerned.
Statistical Method for Predicting When Patients Should Be Ready on the Day of Surgery (2000)

Background Previously, mathematical theory was developed for determining when a patient should be ready for surgery on the day of surgery. To apply this theory, a method is needed to predict the earliest start time of the case. Methods The authors calculated a time estimate such that the probability is 0.05 that the preceding case in the patient's operating room (OR) will be finished before the patient is ready for surgery. This implies there will be a 5% risk of OR personnel being idle and waiting for the patient. This 0. 05 value was chosen by considering the relative cost valuation of an average patient's time to that of an average surgical team based on national salary data. Case duration data from a surgical services information system were used to test different statistical methods to estimate earliest start times. Results Simulations found that 0.05 prediction bounds, calculated assuming case durations followed log-normal distributions, achieved actual risks for the OR staff to wait for patients of 0.050 to 0.053 (SEM = 0.001). Nonparametric prediction bounds performed no better than the parametric method. Having patients ready a fixed number of hours before the scheduled starts of their operations is not reliable. If the preceding case in an OR had been underway for 0.5 to 1.5 h, the parametric 0.05 prediction bounds for the time remaining achieved actual risks for OR staff waiting of 0.055 to 0.058 (SEM = 0.001). Conclusion The earliest start time of a case can be estimated using the 0.05 prediction bound for the duration of the preceding case. The authors show 0.05 prediction bounds can be estimated accurately assuming that case durations follow log-normal distributions.
L-selectin and β7 integrin synergistically mediate lymphocyte migration to mesenteric lymph nodes (1998)

Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) drain the gut where nutritive antigens and pathogens are encountered by lymphocytes of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. We sought to determine how lymphocytes enter the MLN by studying mice double deficient for beta7 integrins and L-selectin. beta7/L-selectin double-deficient lymphocytes did not migrate into MLN. Most importantly, MLN formation was drastically impaired in beta7/L-selectin double-deficient mice. Lymphocyte numbers in MLN from beta7/L-selectin double-deficient mice were tenfold reduced compared to control mice. A high percentage of the few lymphocytes still detected in MLN from beta7/L-selectin double-deficient mice were CD44hi CD18hi, suggesting alternate migration pathways independent of L-selectin and beta7 integrin for these cells. We conclude that the combination of both molecules, L-selectin and beta7 integrin, is indispensable for MLN formation and that these molecules may mediate lymphocyte migration to MLN in a sequential and synergistical manner.
Feature-Based 3-D Sketching for Early Stage Design (1995)

Abstract During early stages of design, the mere presence of items, their relative positioning, and their interrelationships can be more significant than fine details, like exact dimensions, whether a hole is counterbored, or the exact cross-sectional shape of a groove. Most CAD systems have little, if any, support for this critical, incipient design stage, In addressing this economically compelling and highly leveraged area, we present an intuitive, feature-based approach to 3-D design which permits a complete first pass through the design-manufacturing cycle even before a detailed specification is complete. We report a functioning 3-D design front-end for a solid modeling system that has been used for fast intra-part and inter-part, visual, generalized feature specification, a frontend that is intimately connected to the system so that both visual and detailed design can be carried out concurrently on the same model to meet designer needs. Hence, the design that is “captured” during the sketch and modify phase using this approach is fully usable for activities that traditionally require a fully detailed solid model, such as rendering, finite element and other analysis, assembly analysis, process planning, and manufacturing at this initial stage instead of the traditionally late stages.
TH-AB-202-09: Direct-Aperture Optimization for Combined MV+kV Dose Planning in Fluoroscopic Real-Time Tumor-Tracking Radiation Therapy (2016)

Purpose: Real-time kV fluoroscopic tumor tracking has the benefit of direct tumor position monitoring. However, there is clinical concern over the excess kV imaging dose cost to the patient when imaging in continuous fluoroscopic mode. This work addresses this specific issue by proposing a combined MV+kV direct-aperture optimization (DAO) approach to integrate the kV imaging beam into a treatment planning such that the kV radiation is considered as a contributor to the overall dose delivery. Methods: The combined MV+kV DAO approach includes three algorithms. First, a projected Quasi-Newton algorithm (L-BFGS) is used to find optimized fluence with MV+kV dose for the best possible dose distribution. Then, Engel's algorithm is applied to optimize the total number of monitor units and heuristically optimize the number of apertures. Finally, an aperture shape optimization (ASO) algorithm is applied to locally optimize the leaf positions of MLC. Results: Compared to conventional DAO MV plans with continuous kV fluoroscopic tracking, combined MV+kV DAO plan leads to a reduction in the total number of MV monitor units due to inclusion of kV dose as part of the PTV, and was also found to reduce the mean and maximum doses on the organs at risk (OAR). Compared to conventional DAO MV plan without kV tracking, the OAR dose in the combined MV+kV DAO plan was only slightly higher. DVH curves show that combined MV+kV DAO plan provided about the same PTV coverage as that in the conventional DAO plans without kV imaging. Conclusion: We report a combined MV+kV DAO approach that allows real time kV imager tumor tracking with only a trivial increasing on the OAR doses while providing the same coverage to PTV. The approach is suitable for clinic implementation.
<title>Massively parallel synthetic-aperture radar autofocus</title> (1991)

The iterative phase gradient autofocus (PGA) algorithm for automatically focusing synthetic aperture radar images has been implemented on both a 16384-processor Connection Machine and the 1024-processor nCUBE 2 hypercube. Massive parallelism has proven its value by dramatically reducing processing times over those achieved on sequential machines by an order of magnitude or more. This is especially important for very large images or where high volumes of input and output are encountered. We provide an overview of the PGA algorithm, highlighting opportunities for significant speed-up in parallel architectures. This is followed by implementation details and timing results.
Preliminary investigation of particle mobility enhancement in electrophoretic deposition with modulated electric fields (2017)

This paper presents a preliminary empirical characterization of modulated electric signal waveforms used to manipulate particles in colloids and deposit them on a substrate. Particle mobility enhancement is demonstrated by the combination of AC and DC electric signals inside of an adapted electrolytic cell, which acts as a lower order model for a micro-additive manufacturing process, currently under development. Square wave waveforms are found to be suitable candidates for a primary actuation signal for the micro additive manufacturing prototype device.
<title>Laser-activated solder weld repair of the inferior alveolar nerve in rats</title> (1997)

A new laser activated solder weld technique is described for the microsurgical repair of the inferior alveolar nerve in rats. The laser weld technique used an albumin based solder, containing indocyanine cardiogreen, plus an infrared diode laser. Seven animals had inferior alveolar nerve repairs performed using the laser weld technique and these were compared against corresponding unoperated controls plus three cases of nerve section without repair. Histochemical analysis was performed utilizing neuron counts and horseradish peroxidase tracer (HRP) uptake in the trigeminal ganglion following sacrifice and staining of frozen sections with cresyl violet and diaminobenzidene. The results of this analysis showed comparable mean neuron counts and mean HRP uptake by neurons for the unoperated control and laser weld groups with considerable reduction of mean values in cases of nerve section with no repair. Sections of the repaired inferior alveolar nerves, stained with Masson's trichrome, showed no adverse reactions by axons or epineurium to the coagulative repair with the solder and demonstrated regeneration of myelinated axons at the time of sacrifice. In summary a new technique of laser weld repair of the inferior alveolar nerve is described which, on initial analysis, appears to be a reliable alternative to traditional techniques.
A monoclonal antibody to brush border and passive Heymann nephritis. (1984)

An IgG2a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) reacting with the brush border of the renal proximal tubule and glomerular capillary wall was produced by fusion of NS1 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with renal brush border preparations from rat kidney cortex. This antibody reacts with a 90,000 mol. wt protein which can be isolated by immunoprecipitation of radiolabelled brush border or glomerular preparations and localized on these structures by immunoperoxidase electron microscopy, thus demonstrating the presence of common antigenic determinants. Survey of various organs showed that the MoAb reacted with the brush border of the gut, but also with antigens associated with the distal vascular system. In the liver antigenic determinants were located along the sinusoid walls but mainly on bile canaliculi. Specific glomerular binding could be demonstrated in vivo by immunofluorescence after an intravenous injection of 2 mg of antibody or by paired label methodology using tracer amounts. Kinetics however were dramatically different from those observed in classical passive Heymann nephritis since glomerular binding was transient during the first hours after injection. Binding was also found in tubular structures, as well as in lung, liver, spleen and heart. These results identify a well defined antigen-antibody system responsible for the formation of transient extramembranous glomerular deposits and may be relevant to some human cases of glomerulonephritis. They may also provide new models to study glomerular and tubular transfer of membrane bound antibodies.
Power Optimization of IDMA Systems with Different Target BER Constraints (2007)

Interleave division multiple access (IDMA) is a promising air interface for future wireless networks. Optimization of access schemes regarding cross user aspects is also a topic of great interest for increasing efficiency. This paper introduces an optimization of the power profile for iterative parallel and successive interference cancellation (PIC/SIC) in IDMA systems. The basic approach is an optimization algorithm called differential evolution (DE). Optimized power allocation is an important means to increase the supportable load as it enhances the convergence behavior of the detector. Furthermore any additional constraint regarding the realistic modeling of communication systems can be implemented easily. In this paper different bit error rate constraints are considered and also the maximum number of iterations is taken into account. Computational complexity is reduced while the required power is barely increased. The precondition for this optimization is the analysis of the iterative detection scheme. This is done by variance transfer charts (VTC).
External Skeletal Fixation of Comminuted Maxillary Fractures in Dogs (1982)

An external skeletal fixation technique that was effectively applied on comminuted maxillary fractures is described. With this method, pairs of Kirschner wires and/or Steinman pins were seated into the fracture fragments and the exposed cut ends of the pins were embedded into an acrylic bridge. Excellent stabilization of the fractures was effected and normal oral alimentation was resumed immediately. Healing of the fractures usually occurred within two or three months and the pins were then removed. Three representative cases are presented.
The use of novel oral anticoagulants for thromboprophylaxis after elective major orthopedic surgery (2013)

Venous thromboembolism is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. Due to the high incidence of venous thromboembolism in this setting, perioperative anticoagulation is the recommended approach for thromboprophylaxis. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), fondaparinux and warfarin are the agents commonly used for thromboprophylaxis. The well-recognized limitations of warfarin and the inconvenience and discomfort associated with the subcutaneous administration of low molecular weight heparin and fondaparinux inspired intense investigation to develop novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) with more predictable pharmacokinetics, fewer drug interactions and no need for regular laboratory monitoring. Three NOACs have been demonstrated to be effective for thromboprophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in large randomized controlled trials. Here we review the pharmacology of rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and apixaban, summarize the major clinical trials of these agents in thromboprophylaxis after THA and TKA, and discuss the clinical factors to be considered by providers when selecting a NOAC for their patients.
Practical Glucosylations and Mannosylations Using Anomeric Benzoyloxy as a Leaving Group Activated by Sulfonium Ion (2017)

One obstacle for practical glycosylations is the high cost of promoters and low-temperature equipment. This problem has been at least partially solved by using MeSCH<sub>2</sub>Cl/KI as a low-cost promoter system. MeSCH<sub>2</sub>Cl has an estimated cost of <$1/mol compared with $1741/mol for AgOTf and $633/mol for TMSOTf. This new promoter system is capable of activating various leaving groups including anomeric Cl, F, trichloroacetimidate, and acyloxy groups. Stable and easy-to-prepare anomeric benzoloxy carbohydrate donors were investigated in the glycosylations of carbohydrates, aliphatic alcohols, amino acids, steroids, and nucleoside acceptors. Most of these glycosylations were operationally simple with fast reaction rates and moderate yields of 35-79%. In addition, direct glycosylations of nucleosides using less than 2 equiv of anomeric benzoloxy donors and high stereoselective mannosylation have been achieved. From an economic point of view, this glycosylation method should be highly applicable to industrial processes.
Conjugated Polymers Based on Phenothiazine and Fluorene in Light-Emitting Diodes and Field Effect Transistors (2004)

Poly[10-(2‘-ethylhexyl)-phenothiazine-3,7-diyl] (PPTZ), poly[9,9-bis(2‘-ethylhexyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl] (PBEHF), and their random copolymers, poly(BEHF-co-PTZ), were synthesized through Ni(0)-mediated polymerization. Light-emitting devices were fabricated using these polymers in an ITO (indium tin oxide)/PEDOT:PSS/polymer/Ca/Al configuration. Each EL device constructed with a poly(BEHF-co-PTZ) copolymer exhibited significantly enhanced efficiency and brightness compared to devices constructed from the PPTZ and PBEHF homopolymers. The EL device constructed with poly(88BEHF-co-12PTZ) exhibited the highest power efficiency and brightness (4200 cd/m2 and 2.08 cd/A respectively). This enhanced efficiency of the copolymer devices results from their improved hole injection and more efficient charge carrier balance, which arise due to the HOMO levels (∼5.4 eV) of the poly(BEHF-co-PTZ) copolymers, which are lower than that of the PBEHF homopolymer (∼5.8 eV). An organic field effect transistor was also fabricated using PPTZ as a new p-type channel material and characterized. The measured field effect mobility of the transistor was 0.8 × 10-4 cm2/V·s and the on/off ratio of the device was ∼103.
Risks in Discontinuation Trials With Antidepressants (2014)

Article AbstractBecause this piece does not have an abstract, we have provided for your benefit the first 3 sentences of the full text.To the Editor: US Food and Drug Administration investigators recently reported on "maintenance trials for major depressive disorder" submitted for regulatory review, based, remarkably, on anonymous sources and unspecified treatments. Trials involved initial, randomized treatment for acute depression followed by re-randomization to continue successful treatment or discontinue to placebo up to another 8.88 (95% CI, 6.68-10.3) months. All 15 trials found significantly later relapses with antidepressants than with placebo.