gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Modeling and Prediction of Delamination in Flip Chip Assemblies With Nanofilled No-Flow Underfill Materials (2008)

The occurrence of passivation-underfill interfacial delamination is detrimental to the reliability of the flip chip assembly as it can result in the premature cracking of the solder bumps. In this paper, the propagation of delamination in a nanofilled no-flow underfill material from the chip passivation in flip chip assemblies has been assessed under accelerated thermal shock testing. A theoretical model of the flip chip assembly has been developed, and the delamination occurring at the silicon nitride (SiN)–underfill interface has been studied under monotonic as well as thermomechanical fatigue loading. Using empirical models for delamination propagation, the growth of delamination under monotonic as well as thermomechanical fatigue loading in a flip chip assembly has been predicted. These predictions agree well with the thermal shock cycling experimental data. The agreement between the theoretical predictions and experimental data suggests that the models and the methodology developed in this work can be used to design flip chip assemblies with nanofillled no-flow underfill materials against interfacial delamination.
Untersuchung von Heterogen‐Katalysatoren mit modernen Oberflächen‐Analysenmethoden (1982)

Abstract Study of heterogeneous catalysts by modern surface analysis methods . The past decade has been one of tempestuous development in methods of surface analysis as a result of significant improvements of vacuum techniques and electronic components. The principal methods available for studying the chemical composition of catalysts are ESCA, Auger spectroscopy, ISS (ion scattering spectroscopy), and SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry). The “classical scanning microscope” and various “micro‐range” analyzers, e. g. the scanning Auger microscope, permit elucidation of catalyst surface structures. Advantages and drawbacks of the various methods are presented with the aid of selected examples and the limits of the analysis of industrial catalysts are discussed.
BRD9 Degradation Disrupts Ribosome Biogenesis in Multiple Myeloma (2023)

Our study identifies and validates BRD9 as a novel therapeutic target in preclinical models of multiple myeloma, which provides the framework for the clinical evaluation of BRD9 degraders to improve patient outcome.
Cyclosporin: Mode of Action and Clinical Applications (1990)

Cyclosporin has had a remarkable effect on clinical organ transplantation. Prior to its introduction, considerable advances had been made in the grafting of vital organs, particularly the kidney, heart and liver. In many developed countries, however, transplantation was not considered wo-rthwhile in terms of gain for the investment of resources. The improved results of kidney grafts following the use of cyclosporin has changed this attitude. For all types of organ transplantation, cyclosporin has resulted in an improvement of functional graft survival and has allowed a reduction in steroid dose and, in some cases, no steroids at all. It has permitted the first successful experimental transplantation of the heart and lungs in primate species by Reitz and colleagues and their results were applied directly to the clinic. It was largely due to the introduction of cyclosporin that the Washington Consensus Meeting on Liver Transplantation came to a favourable recommendation and the result has been the proliferation of units performing liver transplantation, approximately fifty in North America and another fifty in Europe, where previously there had been a handful. Having been involved in cyclosporin for organ grafting from the beginning, I have been able to witness these developments which have far exceeded my expectations once the nephrotoxicity of cyclosporin was demonstrated in man. It is fitting that Dr.
HCI: a cognitive neural net prospectus (1990)

If neural nets are to have a future, and if the notion that they succeed where conventional artificial intelligence has failed is to be substantiated, they will have to be effective in improving the human computer interface. The key factor is their potential contribution to areas of language and scene understanding which will allow natural language (not necessarily speech) to be used as part of the interface. The authors present a 'gedanken experiment' of the way that a neural system will have to be designed and to operate in a very simple demonstrator task: getting a vision system to respond linguistically to a 'natural language' request based on a visual input. >
Sequential bayesian classification decisions for mobile sensors (2010)

This work is motivated by the U.S. Air Forces Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) mission, where an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), or an agent, is to fly over a number of unidentified objects within a given search area, collect information using onboard sensors, and classify the objects. The problem is challenging because the mission time is limited, the agent is only provided with partial a priori information, and the amount of information that the sensor can measure is dependent on the range and the azimuth of the explorer with respect to the object. A sequential decision problem (path planning) is posed that incorporates the potential loss of the classification outcome that is made by an autonomous moving agent. The problem is solved using stochastic dynamic programming. The resulting path exploits the interaction between the agent kinematics, informatics, and classification. Numerical simulation results that validate the concept are presented.
Mechanism of Mutual Incorporation of l-Isoleucine and Isomorphic Amino Acids in Batch Crystallization (2008)

We explored the mutual incorporation tendency of l-isoleucine and isomorphic amino acids in cooling crystallization conducted in water. In most cases, a guest amino acid (an impurity amino acid) with side chain longer than that of l-isoleucine was easily incorporated in l-isoleucine. In this case, a solid solution was formed and the c-axis of l-isoleucine structure was stretched. Furthermore, the crystal growth was inhibited. Using these results, a mechanism for mutual incorporation of these amino acids was proposed.
[High-resolution computed tomography of the lung in young patients with cystic fibrosis]. (1993)

In a prospective study we proved the value of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and the CT scoring system developed by Stiglbauer et al. on 47 young patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF) (median age: 10.1 years). The most frequent pulmonary finding was bronchial wall thickening (BWT) in 43 patients (94.6%), followed by bronchiectasis (BE) in 36 patients (79.2%). A less frequent finding was ill-defined patchy consolidation (39.6%). We found an almost even distribution of BWT and BE in the upper and lower lobes of the lung. These two findings were scored according to their severity and extent. The maximum possible score for BWT and BE was 72 in a single patient. For both the overall score was 19.9 +/- 11.1. A statistically significant correlation of the CT scoring system with the lung function tests FEV1/FVC (P = 0.03) and MEF50 (P = 0.02) was found. The results of HRCT and the CT scoring system were shown to be valuable methods in the assessment of pulmonary changes, in young patients suffering from CF.
Chip‐based protein–protein interaction studied by atomic force microscopy (2012)

In this article, a technique for accurate direct measurement of protein-to-protein interactions before and after the introduction of a drug candidate is developed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The method is applied to known immunosuppressant drug candidate Echinacea purpurea derived cynarin. T-cell/CD28 is on-chip immobilized and B-cell/CD80 is immobilized on an AFM tip. The difference in unbinding force between these two proteins before and after the introduction of cynarin is measured. The method is described in detail including determination of the loading rates, maximum probability of bindings, and average unbinding forces. At an AFM loading rate of 1.44 × 10(4) pN/s, binding events were largely reduced from 61 ± 5% to 47 ± 6% after cynarin introduction. Similarly, maximum probability of bindings reduced from 70% to 35% with a blocking effect of about 35% for a fixed contact time of 0.5 s or greater. Furthermore, average unbinding forces were reduced from 61.4 to 38.9 pN with a blocking effect of ≈ 37% as compared with ≈ 9% by SPR. AFM, which can provide accurate quantitative measures, is shown to be a good method for drug screening. The method could be applied to a wider variety of drug candidates with advances in bio-chip technology and a more comprehensive AFM database of protein-to-protein interactions.
Introduction and Single‐Layer Neural Networks (2016)

Neural networks are potentially massively parallel distributed structures and have the ability to learn and generalize. The neuron is the information processing unit of a neural network and the basis for designing numerous neural networks. The most fundamental network architecture is a single-layer neural network, where the "single-layer" refers to the output layer of computation neurons. This chapter introduces Rosenblatt's neuron. Rosenblatt's perceptron occupies a special place in the historical development of neural networks. The chapter also considers the performance of the perceptron network and is in a position to introduce the perceptron learning rule. This learning rule is an example of supervised training, in which the learning rule is provided with a set of examples of proper network behavior. Finally the chapter further discusses activation function and its types, including a threshold function, or Heaviside function and sigmoid function.
p53R2-dependent pathway for DNA synthesis in a p53-regulated cell cycle checkpoint. (2001)

A recently identified ribonucleotide reductase (RR), p53R2, is directly regulated by p53 for supplying nucleotides to repair damaged DNA. We examined the role of this p53R2-dependent pathway for DNA synthesis in a p53-regulated cell cycle checkpoint, comparing it to R2-dependent DNA synthesis. The elevation of DNA synthesis activity through RR in response to gamma-irradiation was closely correlated with the level of expression of p53R2 but not of R2. The p53R2 product accumulated in nuclei, whereas R2 levels in cytoplasm decreased. We found a point mutation of p53R2 in cancer cell line HCT116, which resulted in loss of RR activity. In those cells, DNA damage-inducible apoptotic cell death was enhanced through transcriptional activation of p53AIP1. The results suggest that p53R2-dependent DNA synthesis plays a pivotal role in cell survival by repairing damaged DNA in the nucleus and that dysfunction of this pathway might result in activation of p53-dependent apoptosis to eliminate dangerous cells.
Comparison of the photochemical ring opening of cyclohexadiene and dehydrocholesterol in solution, studied by ultrafast absorption spectroscopy (1996)

The photochemical ring opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene to 1,3Z,5-hexatriene is a prototype of the orbital-symmetry controlled electrocyclic reactions. In previous work [1], we studied by transient absorption spectroscopy (frequency-tripled Ti:sapphire laser around 267 nm, pulse length 250 fs, identical pump and probe wavelength) 7-dehydrocholesterol, which contains the cyclohexadiene moiety. The excited state (1B 2 ) relaxes very rapidly (10 fs, deduced from the fluorescence quantum yield) to the 2A 1 surface, which is a dark excited state and has a much lower minimum. From there, the product previtamin D is formed with a temperature independent rate within 5.2 ps. Subsequently, this primary product relaxes by rotation around a formally single bond to its stable conformer within 125 ps at room temperature (activation energy 15 kJ/mol).
ISATA 80. PROCEEDINGS. INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY & AUTOMATION. USE OF COMPUTERS IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY. VOLUME 1, TORINO 8-12 SEPTEMBER 1980 (1980)

The volume includes the following papers: Electronic engine control (Businaro, UL and Mortara, W); Automotive electronics, systems and components (Bassi, A); Distributed microprocessor system for the test beds automatic control (Pajola, V); Development aids for digital engine control systems (Zechnall, M, Henn, M, Coza, G and Borst, W); Development of microcomputer based engine test and instrumentation (Cichy, M); New calibration devices for gas flow measuring lines (Leunig, E); Some applications of electronics to tests on vehicles and tyres (Carenzi, L, Celeri, F and Chiesa, A); A multi-purpose control and data processing system for development, quality and assembly (Schuchmann, G, Hobein, D and Roggenbuck, G); Modern electronic ignition systems (Cuzzucoli, G); The development of an antilock system for hydraulic brakes (Guagliumi, R and Verduzio, L); Soot removal and heat recovery from diesel engine exhaust by means of a fluidized bed filter/agglomerator and heat exchanger (Campanile, A, Carlomagno, GM, De Cita, A, Scognamiglio, A, Donsi, G and Massimilla, L). (TRRL)
A 5G Trial of Polar Code (2016)

Channel polarization based on Polar code has attracted more attentions since it was firstly proposed by Arikan in 2008. It is attractive owing to its structural property which makes the encoding process at the transmitter easy to be implemented. At the same time, Polar code is coming to industry due to its novel optimized decoding algorithms. But until now, Polar code has not yet been verified in trial. In this paper, Polar code will be verified in a 5G trial conducted jointly by Huawei and NTT DOCOMO. For comparison purpose, Turbo code in LTE is introduced as a baseline. Extensive tests are conducted with respect to configured air interface specifications such as frame structure and waveform. The effect of packet size on performance is also investigated. To obtain realistic testing results, besides the lab test by using a channel emulator, Over the Air (OTA) field trials are also con-ducted. Test results show significant performance gain of Polar code over Turbo code.
Modernizing Teaching through Experimentation on UAVs Formations (2019)

In the context of innovative control laboratories, this paper presents a new engineering course applying basic automatic control and optimization concepts to the cooperative control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) formations. Innovatory methods of active learning such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in small tutored groups are proposed, as well as a peer assessment of the results. Indoor experiments on UAVs formations, as well as interactive presentations of the results such as interactive posters and videos are envisaged.
AN IMPROVED BRIDGE SAFETY INDEX FOR NARROW BRIDGES (1984)

An improved safety index model is developed for narrow bridges by using data collected on 78 bridges in Texas by the Texas Transportation Institute. Cluster analysis was used to classify the bridges into more-safe and less-safe groups. Correlation and factor analyses were used to find the interrelationships between the independent variables of bridge and approach roadway characteristics. Stepwise regression was used to find the most important variables related to accident rate. On the groups developed by cluster analysis, logistic regression was used to develop a model that is a function of several variables that were found to be significantly related to accident rate. The enhanced safety index model consists of the following variables: bridge width, length, average daily traffic, and speed, as well as the subjective safety factors F6 (grade continuity), F7 (shoulder reduction), and F9 (traffic mix). The model was arrived at scientifically by using more objective procedures of classification and by having a stronger correlation with the accident rate than the previous models used by other researchers. The fewer variables used yield a much higher R2 when accident rate is used as the response variable in multiple regression. It is sensitive to changes or improvements in the constituent factors. The model yields the fraction of concordant pairs of predicted probabilities and responses as 0.91 and a high rank correlation of 0.81 between predicted probability and response, which indicates the goodness of the model. It also gives the safety index directly and can be used to identify a potentially hazardous narrow bridge.
Comparative Study on the In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Linear, Dendritic, and Hyperbranched Polylysine Analogues (2012)

Lysine-based polycations are widely used as nonviral carriers for gene delivery. This manuscript reports the results of a comparative study on the in vitro cytotoxicity of a library of three structural polylysine variants, namely, linear polylysine (LPL), dendritic polylysine (DPL), and hyperbranched polylysine (HBPL). The aim of this study was to identify possible effects of polymer molecular weight and architecture on both immediate and delayed cytotoxicity and also to provide a mechanistic understanding for possible differences. Acute cytotoxicities were evaluated using cell viability assays with CHO DG44 cells. At comparable molecular weights, the EC(50) values for the LPL analogues were ∼5-250 times higher as compared to the DPL and HBPL samples. For low molecular weight polycations, osmotic shock was found to be an important contributor to immediate cell death, whereas for the higher molecular weight analogues, direct cell membrane disruption was identified to play a role. Delayed cytotoxicity (≥3 h) was assessed by identifying several of the hallmark events that characterize apoptosis, including phosphatidyl serine translocation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cytoplasmic cytochrome C release, and caspase 3 activation. At comparable molecular weights, apoptosis was found to be more pronounced for DPL and HBPL as compared to LPL. This difference was ascribed to the fact that LPL is completely enzymatically degradable, in contrast to DPL and HBPL, which also contain ε-peptidic bonds and are only partially degradable. Because their toxicity profiles are similar, HBPL is an interesting (i.e., synthetically easily accessible and inexpensive) alternative to DPL for the nonviral delivery of DNA.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Pleuromutilin Derivatives with Quinazolinone and Thioether Groups (2011)

Ten novel pleuromutilin derivatives with quinazolinone and thioether groups in the C 14 side chain have been designed and synthesised. The antibacterial activities of the target compounds were tested via the agar-well diffusion method in vitro in the concentration of 5.0 μg mL −1 The results showed that all target compounds had displayed obvious antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC26112 and Staphylococcus aureus SC.
Kinetics and mechanism of the catalytic hydrochlorination of acetylene to vinyl chloride by use of a transient response technique (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanism of the catalytic hydrochlorination of acetylene to vinyl chloride by use of a transient response techniqueAjit K. Ghosh and John B. AgnewCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1985, 24, 1, 152–159Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200028a027https://doi.org/10.1021/i200028a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views361Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Limited agreement among three global gene expression methods highlights the requirement for non-global validation (2004)

We have systematically compared three global gene expression methods on all available histologically normal samples from five human organ types. The data included 25 Affymetrix high-density oligonucleotide array experiments, 23 expressed sequence tag based expression (EBE) experiments and 5 SAGE experiments. The reported gene-by-gene expression patterns showed a wide range of correlations between pairs of methods. This level of agreement was sufficient for accurate clustering of datasets from the same tissue and dissimilar methods, but highlights the need for thorough validation of individual gene expression measurements by alternate, non-global methods. Furthermore, analyses of mRNA abundance distributions indicate limitations in the EBE and SAGE methods at both high- and low-expression levels.
Overview of Protein Expression in Pichia pastoris (1995)

Pichia pastoris is a methylotrophic yeast and can be used as a heterologous expression system. This microorganism is as easy to manipulate as Escherichia coli, but has many of the advantages of eukaryotic expression (e.g., protein processing, folding, and post-translational modifications), and it is faster, easier, and cheaper to use than other eukaryotic expression systems, such as baculovirus or mammalian tissue culture. It also generally yields higher expression levels. This overview discusses important considerations for the use of Pichia pastoris, including strains for expression, expression plasmids, transformation by integration, and post-translational modifications. Examples of expression are given and finally, legal issues regarding patent rights for heterologous protein expression in Pichia pastoris are described.
A REPORT ON PREVALENCE OF β THALASSEMIA GENE MUTATIONS IN THALASSEMIA PATIENTS FROM KHUZESTAN PROVINCE (2008)

Abstract
 Objective: –Thalassemia is one of the most common inherited gene disorders in Iran. Iran is on the thalassemia world belt map and around of 5-10% of Khuzestanian population are carriers of -thalassemia gene. On the other hand, since Khuzestanian population is a mixture of different ethic groups, the aim of this study was to determine frequency and distribution of mutations in this part of country during prenatal diagnosis. Subjects and Methods: In this perspective crossed-sectional study, we studied the genetic mutations of 116 affected patients whom were resident in different place of Khuzestan by simple random sampling method. The technique applied in this research was reverse dot bolt hybridization. EDTA blood was taken for DNA analysis using Vinea–Lab kit (Austria). Results: From 116 cases (59% were females) altogether 232 chromos were analyzed. Thalassemia major chromosome was detected in 78.4% of cases. Codon 36/37 (14.7%) was the most common mutative found in our study. The descending order of prevalence of other gene mutations were: IVSIIO, IVSII-I, Codon 8 and Codon 5 were 14.2, 6.9, 6.5 and 5.2 % respectively. Remaining mutations (21.6%) were undiagnosed with this technique. Conclusion: Codon 36/37 is the most common mutation in Khuzestan, Iran.