gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of atrophy in Facioscapulohumeralmuscular dystrophy (FSHD) (2015)

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a progressive hereditary muscle disease related to chromatin opening in the 4q35 region which facilitates the expression of the DUX4 (Double Homeobox 4) gene encoding a transcription factor. It plays a major role in the development of FSHD and initiates a cascade of genes deregulation causing muscle atrophy, oxidative stress, defects in muscle differentiation and inflammation. Several signaling pathways can lead to muscle atrophy including the NF-B and the PI3K/AKT/FOXO pathway. The latter is involved in the balance between hypertrophy and atrophy in normal muscle. Our laboratory has shown that abnormal expression of DUX4 in FSHD muscle cells induced expression of the atrogenes MuRF1 and atrogin-1 (MAFbx) (skeletal muscle atrophy markers). FOXO1 is a transcription activator of the atrogenes and we have identified two putative DUX4 binding sites in the FOXO1 promoter. Our aim is to investigate whether the atrogenes expression we observe in FSHD muscle cells is dependent on FOXO1 transactivation by DUX4. We have built two reporter vectors containing the luciferase gene under the control of the FOXO1 promoter regions containing either one (pGL3-B) or two (pGL3-A+B) putative DUX4 binding sites. We transfected control or FSHD immortalized myoblasts with each vector and measured the luciferase activity. We found a 3-fold higher luciferase activity in FSHD myoblasts compared to control myoblasts. We also co-transfected C2C12 myoblasts with pGL3-A+B or pGL3-B and with a DUX4 expression vector to evaluate the effect of DUX4 on the FOXO1 promoter activity. As negative controls we used in parallel a DUX1 expression vector (a non-pathologic paralog protein) or an empty vector. The FOXO1 promoter (A+B or B sites) were activated by DUX4 in a dose-dependent manner. The inactivation by mutagenesis of the putative DUX4 binding A site in the FOXO1 promoter induced a decrease of the dose-dependent luciferase activity. Mutagenesis of the B site is on-going. Our results suggest that the atrogenes expression is probably due to a direct FOXO1 gene activation by DUX4. FOXO1 could therefore constitute a novel DUX4 target and would be a possible druggable target to interfere with FSHD muscle atrophy.
The LIGA technique and its potential for microsystems (2002)

The LIGA technique, which is an X-ray lithographic electrodeposition molding process, was developed at the Nuclear Research Centre Karlsruhe. Unlike in the silicon-based technology, the source material is an X-ray sensitive plastic layer of several hundred micrometers thickness which is directly polymerized onto a metallic base plate. The pattern of a mask is transferred into the thick resist layer by means of highly parallel, high intensity synchrotron radiation at a characteristic wavelength of 0.2 to 0.6 nm. Due to breakage in the long chains of molecules the irradiated areas change their chemical stability and can be dissolved with a suitable developer. Techniques involving microelectrodeposition can be used to build up a complementary structure of metal. With the metal structure so generated, almost any number of copies made of plastic can be reproduced with a high accuracy in detail and at relatively little cost using injection molding, reaction injection molding or embossing techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ANALYSIS OF SULFUR IN THE COPPER BASIN AND MUDDY RIVER SITES USING PORTABLE XRF INSTRUMENTATION (2008)

The feasibility of using a portable analytical instrument, the Niton XRF XLt 500He, was tested as a technique for sulfur analysis of wet sediment or soil samples in the field. The effect of sample preparation on the precision and accuracy of sulfur determination was specifically evaluated. The Niton XRF XLt 500He uses X-ray fluorescence to detect different elements. This unit employs a helium purge to allow the analysis of elements lighter than potassium. Samples with sulfur varying from 0.3 to 2.0% were successfully measured with the instrument. The precision of the unit is excellent and the limit of detection can be extremely low with careful attention to sample preparation. The quantitation limit was estimated as 237 ppm sulfur.
Cognitive Effects of Astaxanthin Pretreatment on Recovery From Traumatic Brain Injury (2020)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), caused by mechanical impact to the brain, is a leading cause of death and disability among young adults, with slow and often incomplete recovery. Preemptive treatment strategies may increase the injury resilience of high-risk populations such as soldiers and athletes. In this work, the xanthophyll carotenoid Astaxanthin was examined as a potential nutritional preconditioning method in mice (sabra strain) to increase their resilience prior to TBI in a closed head injury (CHI) model. The effect of Astaxanthin pretreatment on heat shock protein (HSP) dynamics and functional outcome after CHI was explored by gavage or free eating (in pellet form) for 2 weeks before CHI. Assessment of neuromotor function by the neurological severity score (NSS) revealed significant improvement in the Astaxanthin gavage-treated group (100 mg/kg, ATX) during recovery compared to the gavage-treated olive oil group (OIL), beginning at 24 h post-CHI and lasting throughout 28 days (<i>p</i> < 0.007). Astaxanthin pretreatment in pellet form produced a smaller improvement in NSS vs. posttreatment at 7 days post-CHI (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Cognitive and behavioral evaluation using the novel object recognition test (ORT) and the Y Maze test revealed an advantage for Astaxanthin administration via free eating vs. standard chow during recovery post-CHI (ORT at 3 days, <i>p</i> < 0.035; improvement in Y Maze score from 2 to 29 days, <i>p</i> < 0.02). HSP profile and anxiety (open field test) were not significantly affected by Astaxanthin. In conclusion, astaxanthin pretreatment may contribute to improved recovery post-TBI in mice and is influenced by the form of administration.
Aspekte zur sowjetische Plakatkunst während des Ersten Fünfjahresplans (1928-32/33) (2016)

kritische berichte - Zeitschrift für Kunst- und Kulturwissenschaften, Bd. 24 Nr. 1 (1996): kritische berichte
Controllable multiple-step configuration transformations in a thermal/photoinduced reaction (2022)

Solid-state photochemical reactions of olefinic compounds have been demonstrated to represent powerful access to organic cyclic molecules with specific configurations. However, the precise control of the stereochemistry in these reactions remains challenging owing to complex and fleeting configuration transformations. Herein, we report a unique approach to control the regiospecific configurations of C = C groups and the intermediates by varying temperatures in multiple-step thermal/photoinduced reactions, thus successfully realizing reversible ring closing/opening changes using a single-crystal coordination polymer platform. All stereochemical transitions are observed by in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations allow us to rationalize the mechanism of the synergistic thermal/photoinduced transformations. This approach can be generalized to the analysis of the possible configuration transformations of functional groups and intermediates and unravel the detailed mechanism for any inorganic, organic and macromolecular reactions susceptible to incorporation into single-crystal coordination polymer platforms.
Suppression of transcription factor early growth response 1 reduces herpes simplex virus lethality in mice (2008)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is the most common cause of sporadic, fatal encephalitis, but current understanding of how the virus interacts with cellular factors to regulate disease progression is limited. Here, we show that HSV-1 infection induced the expression of the cellular transcription factor early growth response 1 (Egr-1) in a human neuronal cell line. Egr-1 increased viral replication by activating promoters of viral productive cycle genes through binding to its corresponding sequences in the viral promoters. Mouse studies confirmed that Egr-1 expression was enhanced in HSV-1-infected brains and that Egr-1 functions to promote viral replication in embryonic fibroblasts. Furthermore, Egr-1 deficiency or knockdown of Egr-1 by a DNA-based enzyme greatly reduced the mortality of HSV-1-infected mice by decreasing viral loads in tissues. This study provides what we believe is the first evidence that Egr-1 increases the mortality of HSV-1 encephalitis by enhancing viral replication. Moreover, blocking this cellular machinery exploited by the virus could prevent host mortality.
Assessing the Association of Hispanic Ethnicity and Other Personal Characteristics with Pharmacy School Admissions (2022)

Access to healthcare services for underrepresented minority populations can be improved by having a diverse profession that reflects the diversity of the patient population being served. The criteria used for pharmacy school admissions may inhibit or strengthen the opportunities that URM students have to be accepted into the University of Arizona R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy (COP) program. It is currently unclear how personal characteristics are associated with pharmacy school admissions at the COP. This study evaluates whether Hispanic ethnicity was associated with pharmacy school admission status, and secondarily, determines other characteristics associated with admissions. This retrospective database study used admissions data from 2005 to 2018. Completed applications were included in the analysis. The outcome variable was admitted versus not admitted to the pharmacy program. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify variables associated with admission status using an a priori alpha level of 0.05. A total of 2096 applicants were included in the analysis (mean age 25.1 ± 5.2 years, 59.9% female, 13.0% Hispanic). Hispanic ethnicity was not associated with admission status. Characteristics significantly associated with admission to pharmacy school were age, gender, high school attended, previous application to the college, and Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) biology and chemistry scores. Although bias was not seen in the admissions process, this study highlights the need for intervention to ensure future cohorts better reflect the diversity of the region.
Adoption and use of new metrics in a large organization: A case study (2013)

The success of a software development project is linked to the ability of the project team to deliver high quality artifacts within the budget and on schedule. Thus, a holistic and in-process view of various software metrics that help characterize the current health and future trajectory of the project is crucial. However, these metrics need to be at the right level of granularity and be derived objectively from the project environment to be effective and useful. While the metric literature is rich with proposals of specific metrics and their formulation, there are very few studies which discuss how organizations respond to introduction of such metrics and how they are used and adopted. In this paper, we present such a study on a set of metrics embodied by a framework called PIVoT. This study aims at evaluating the impact of PIVoT, a tool for in-process and non-invasive monitoring of project health, and performing a fine-grained analysis of the adoption of metrics and insights this tool embodies. Here, we present and discuss the results of this survey which are based on feedback from 9 project groups. The results indicate that projects leveraged PIVoT and its metrics well and it aided them to take specific actions that helped their projects. Along with identifying the composite metrics which the project teams find most actionable and insightful, the survey shows that in most cases PIVoT helped them showcase their project to upper management.
Preparation of biocompatible and antibacterial carbon quantum dots derived from resorcinol and formaldehyde spheres (2015)

Green or yellow emitting carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were prepared through the combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches from resorcinol and formaldehyde.
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Fluxome under Various Oxygen Conditions (2006)

ABSTRACT The central metabolic fluxes of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 were examined under carbon-limited (aerobic) and oxygen-limited (microaerobic) chemostat conditions, using 13 C-labeled lactate as the sole carbon source. The carbon labeling patterns of key amino acids in biomass were probed using both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Based on the genome annotation, a metabolic pathway model was constructed to quantify the central metabolic flux distributions. The model showed that the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is the major carbon metabolism route under both conditions. The Entner-Doudoroff and pentose phosphate pathways were utilized primarily for biomass synthesis (with a flux below 5% of the lactate uptake rate). The anaplerotic reactions (pyruvate to malate and oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate) and the glyoxylate shunt were active. Under carbon-limited conditions, a substantial amount (9% of the lactate uptake rate) of carbon entered the highly reversible serine metabolic pathway. Under microaerobic conditions, fluxes through the TCA cycle decreased and acetate production increased compared to what was found for carbon-limited conditions, and the flux from glyoxylate to glycine (serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase) became measurable. Although the flux distributions under aerobic, microaerobic, and shake flask culture conditions were different, the relative flux ratios for some central metabolic reactions did not differ significantly (in particular, between the shake flask and aerobic-chemostat groups). Hence, the central metabolism of S. oneidensis appears to be robust to environmental changes. Our study also demonstrates the merit of coupling GC-MS with 13 C NMR for metabolic flux analysis to reduce the use of 13 C-labeled substrates and to obtain more-accurate flux values.
Deposition of Au Thin Films and Nanoparticles by MOCVD (2012)

Abstract Using metal‐organic (MO)CVD, gold films and arrays of gold nanoparticles are obtained from volatile organometallic dimethylgold(III) complexes with O, N, S donor ligands. As precursors, such compounds as (CH 3 ) 2 Au(OAc), (CH 3 ) 2 Au(piv), (CH 3 ) 2 Au(OQ), (CH 3 ) 2 Au(SQ), (CH 3 ) 2 Au(thd), and (CH 3 ) 2 Au(dtc) were used. Deposition processes are carried out within a low pressure (LP)CVD reactor with additional vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) stimulation, with and without a hydrogen reactant gas. The influence of precursor structure on the morphology of the deposited layers is demonstrated. The use of precursor (CH 3 ) 2 Au(OQ) results in obtaining ultra‐thin continuous gold film ∼3 nm thick. It is established that with hydrogen reactant gas injected into the system, the amount of impurities in the film decreases. With the VUV stimulation, the gold content in the films amounts to almost 100%; in addition, the morphology of coatings is observed to change significantly. According to the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis, gold crystallites in the films grow mainly in the [111] direction.
Anisotropes Fließen von stranggepreßtem AlZn4,5Mg1 in Abhängigkeit von der Aushärtung (1982)

Article Anisotropes Fließen von stranggepreßtem AlZn4,5Mg1 in Abhängigkeit von der Aushärtung was published on August 1, 1982 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 73, issue 8).
The Phase System BaO-NiO (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Phase System BaO-NiOJ. J. LanderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 6, 2450–2452Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01150a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01150a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of the displacement response in chromatic confocal microscopy with a hybrid radial basis function network (2019)

Characterization of the displacement response is critical for accurate chromatic confocal measurement. Current characterization methods usually provide a linear or polynomial relationship between the extracted peak wavelengths of the spectral signal and displacement. However, these methods are susceptible to errors in the peak extraction algorithms and errors in the selected model. In this paper, we propose a hybrid radial basis function network method to characterise the displacement response. With this method, the peak wavelength of the spectral signal is firstly extracted with a state-of-art peak extraction algorithm, following which, a higher-accuracy chromatic dispersion model is applied to determine the displacement-wavelength relationship. Lastly, a radial basis function network is optimized to provide a mapping between the spectral signals and the residual fitting errors of the chromatic dispersion model. Using experimental tests, we show that the hybrid radial basis function network method significantly improves the measurement accuracy, when compared to the existing characterizing methods.
Adiabatic Effectiveness Measurements and Predictions of Leakage Flows Along a Blade Endwall (2004)

Traditional cooling schemes have been developed to cool turbine blades using high-pressure compressor air that bypasses the combustor. This high pressure forces cooling air into the hot main gas path through seal slots. While parasitic leakages can provide a cooling benefit, they also represent aerodynamic losses. The results from the combined experimental and computational studies reported in this paper address the cooling benefit from leakage flows that occur along the platform of a first stage turbine blade. A scaled-up, blade geometry with an upstream slot, a mid-passage slot, and a downstream slot was tested in a linear cascade placed in a low speed wind tunnel. Results show that the leakage flow through the mid-passage gap provides only a small cooling benefit to the platform. There is little to no benefit to the blade platform that results by increasing the coolant flow through the mid-passage gap. Unlike the mid-passage gap, leakage flow from the upstream slot provides good cooling to the platform surface, particularly in certain regions of the platform. Relatively good agreement was observed between the computational and experimental results although computations overpredicted the cooling.
Mouse monoclonal antibodies against rat major histocompatibility antigens. Two Ia antigens and expression of Ia and class I antigens in rat thymus (1982)

A rat Ia (RT-1B) antigen (called Ia-A) equivalent to the mouse I-A product has been defined with mouse monoclonal antibodies (W. R. McMaster and A. F. Williams, Eur. J. Immunol. 1979. 9: 426). To identify other Ia antigens mouse monoclonal antibodies were raised against rat spleen glycoproteins depleted of the Ia-A antigen. An IgG antibody (called MRC OX17) was obtained and used to purify a molecule which had a similar structure to the Ia-A antigen and reacted with anti-Ia alloantibodies. There was no cross-reaction between the two Ia glycoproteins in assays with mouse monoclonal antibodies, alloantibodies or rabbit antibodies. In one alloantiserum almost all the detectable anti-Ia antibodies reacted with a mixture of the two Ia glycoproteins. The MRC OX17 antibody did not bind to mouse cells, but rabbit antibodies to the pure rat glycoprotein cross-reacted and recognized determinants mapping to the mouse I-E region. In the thymus the rat Ia-E antigen was on cortical epithelial and medullary reticular cells. An IgG monoclonal antibody (MRC OX18) to isotypic determinants of rat histocompatibility RT-1A antigens was also produced and used to analyze these antigens on thymus cells. The heavily labeled thymocytes were those with characteristics of mature T lymphocytes. Cortical epithelial cells and medullary dendritic-like cells were also RT-1A positive.
Deletion ofSMNandNAIPgenes in Korean patients with spinal muscular atrophy (2000)

Childhood-onset proximal spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs) are an autosomal recessive, clinically heterogeneous group of neuronopathies characterized by selective degeneration of anterior horn cells. The causative genes to be reported are survival motor neuron (SMN) and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) genes. The deletion of telomeric copy of SMN (SMN(T)) gene was observed in over 95% of SMAs. The deletion rate of NAIP gene is 20-50% according to disease severity. The objective of this article is to genetically characterize the childhood-onset spinal muscular atrophy in Koreans. Five Korean families (14 constituents containing 5 probands) with SMA were included in this study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used for the deletion analysis of SMN(T). Multiplex PCR method was used for NAIP analysis. Four probands showed deletion of SMNT gene. Deletion of SMN(C) (centromeric SMN) gene was found in one proband who did not show the deletion of SMN(T) gene and in the father of one proband who showed the deletion of SMN(T) gene. The deletion of NAIP gene was not found among all the studied individuals. The extent of deletion in Koreans was smaller than that in other studied population. PCR-RFLP deletion analysis can be applied to diagnose SMA and make a prenatal diagnosis.
COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS (2011)

• Long life –– 10,000 hours average life – Reduces costs of lamp change-outs – At least ten times the life of ordinary incandescent lamps • High Color Rendering — 82 CRI • High efficacy — 67 lumens per watt • Saves up to 75% in electricity costs compared to standard incandescent lamps • Available in dimmable versions, 4-pin base COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS FOR GENERAL LIGHTING USHIO’s compact fluorescent lamps provide all the benefits of linear fluorescent lamps in a compact size. These lamps are highly efficient at 67 lumens per watt and 10,000 hours average life. The Triphosphor coatings on these lamps render colors closer to that of nature allowing a coloring index of 82 in a variety of color temperatures. Available in single, double and triple tubes with wattages ranging from 5 watts to 42 watts. Color temperatures range from 2700K to 6500K.