gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New GCNN-Based Architecture for Semi-Supervised Node Classification. (2020)

The nodes of a graph existing in a specific cluster are more likely to connect to each other than with other nodes in the graph. Then revealing some information about the nodes, the structure of the graph (the graph edges) provides this opportunity to know more information about the other nodes. From this perspective, this paper revisits the node classification task in a semi-supervised scenario by graph convolutional neural network. The goal is to benefit from the flow of information that circulates around the revealed node labels. For this aim, this paper provides a new graph convolutional neural network architecture. This architecture benefits efficiently from the revealed training nodes, the node features, and the graph structure. On the other hand, in many applications, non-graph observations (side information) exist beside a given graph realization. The non-graph observations are usually independent of the graph structure. This paper shows that the proposed architecture is also powerful in combining a graph realization and independent non-graph observations. For both cases, the experiments on the synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that our proposed architecture achieves a higher prediction accuracy in comparison to the existing state-of-the-art methods for the node classification task.
MES development and significant applications in manufacturing -A review (2010)

Due to the increasing competitive environment in manufacturing sector, many enterprises have started to realize the need of appropriate computer integrated engineering management system. Computers have become an essential tool for the manufacturing and process enterprises with the development of software and network technologies. The Manufacturing Execution System (MES) is a computer system design to facilitate manufacturers for the product manufacturing with high quality, low cost and minimum lead time. MES software solutions are still at formative phases in the developing countries. Therefore, it will be appropriate to preview the key concepts of MES by recounting how it evolved, whom will it benefit, and how to implement it. The main function of MES is to provide information for optimization of production activities from initiation of the product order to the completion of the product. MES is a manufacturing control solution that aims to streamline the flow of information about the product and related processes throughout the production line so that the accurate information is available in the right place at the right time. The product information integration and process integration are the most important factors for establishing a reliable high quality MES system. This review described the background and significance of MES, its relationship with other information systems, and the major applications in the enterprises. Particularly, applications of MES in the aerospace, semiconductors, steel and cement enterprises are study in detail.
O0079 CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN SUCKLING RATS: IMPACT ON GROWTH, INTESTINAL ABSORPTION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (2004)

Introduction:Cryptosporidium parvum is a parasitic protozoa increasingly appreciated as a cause of intestinal malabsorptive syndrome in patients with AIDS and in young children. The aim of this study was to explore the amino acid absorption and its metabolic consequences during cryptosporidiosis in an acute experimental model both at the peak of infection and after parasite clearance. Methods: Four-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were inoculated by gavage with 106 oocysts of C. parvum. The rats were killed at the age of 12 days (peak of the infection) and 21 days (spontaneous clearance of the parasite). Weight, body composition, liver and gastrocnemius protein fractional synthesis rate (Pfsr) were measured. Leucine and glutamate fluxes, and glutamate (EAAT3) and oligopeptide (PEPT1) transporters mRNA levels were quantified both in the distal small intestine, preferential site of C. parvum implantation, and in the proximal small intestine, free of parasite, using Ussing chambers and RT-PCR, respectively. Results: At day 12, body weight was reduced in infected animals compared with controls (16.3 ± 5.2 vs 27.3 ± 1.0 g; p<0.01) with a decrease in both lean body mass and adipose tissue. This alteration was associated with a decrease in leucine and glutamate fluxes across the intestinal mucosa both in the proximal (−47% and −34%, respectively) and distal (−43% and −32%, respectively) parts. Pfsr was reduced in the liver (−15%) and the gastrocnemius (−20%). EAAT3 mRNA was decreased all along the small intestine (−49% and −28%, respectively). In contrast, PepT1 mRNA was increased in the proximal and distal small intestine (+19% and +16%, respectively). At day 21, body weight remained reduced in infected animals (37.8 ± 8.0 vs 47.8 ± 4.2 g, p<0.01) whereas leucine and glutamate fluxes normalized and Pfsr increased in the liver (+11%) and the gastrocnemius (+22%) of formely infected rats compared to controls. PepT1 expression normalized but the decrease in EAAT3 mRNA persisted (−31% and −46% in the proximal and distal small intestine, respectively). Conclusion: Impact and consequences of cryptosporidiosis appear to be far greater than generally appreciated. C. parvum infection induces a major amino acid malabsorption without any up-regulation neither in the proximal small intestine nor after spontaneous clearance of the parasite, contributing to malnutrition and failure to thrive. A nutritional support both precocious and beyond parasite clearance seems therefore of importance to limit lasting impairment in growth that may follow C. parvum infection. Regarding to the resistance of PepT1 expression, peptide feeding may be of value to enhancing intestinal nitrogen absorption.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (1999)

The diagnosis and management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is reviewed, including the basic aspects of epidemiology, molecular biology, and cytogenetics with clinical relevance. The importance of immunophenotype in the differential diagnosis of other lymphoproliferative disorders related to CLL, staging, prognostic factors, promising new drugs, and approaches is summarized.
Outcome Analysis of Urethral Wall Stent Insertion With Artificial Urinary Sphincter Placement for Severe Recurrent Bladder Neck Contracture Following Radical Prostatectomy (2009)

Urethral wall stent and delayed artificial urinary sphincter placement for treatment of severe, recurrent bladder neck contracture and incontinence after radical prostatectomy is associated with improvement in quality of life. Long-term followup is required to further delineate the efficacy of this treatment approach.
The Lipschitz Constant of Self-Attention (2020)

Lipschitz constants of neural networks have been explored in various contexts in deep learning, such as provable adversarial robustness, estimating Wasserstein distance, stabilising training of GANs, and formulating invertible neural networks. Such works have focused on bounding the Lipschitz constant of fully connected or convolutional networks, composed of linear maps and pointwise non-linearities. In this paper, we investigate the Lipschitz constant of self-attention, a non-linear neural network module widely used in sequence modelling. We prove that the standard dot-product self-attention is not Lipschitz for unbounded input domain, and propose an alternative L2 self-attention that is Lipschitz. We derive an upper bound on the Lipschitz constant of L2 self-attention and provide empirical evidence for its asymptotic tightness. To demonstrate the practical relevance of our theoretical work, we formulate invertible self-attention and use it in a Transformer-based architecture for a character-level language modelling task.
DC-SIGN as a Target for Drug Development Based on Carbohydrates (2015)

DC-SIGN antagonists were designed combining one selective monovalent glycomimetic ligand with trivalent dendrons separated by a rigid core of controlled length.The design combines multiple multivalency effects to achieve inhibitors of HIV infection, which are active in nanomolar concentration.Fig. 1 (A) A multivalent ligand (red) clustering a soluble protein (blue); (B) a multivalent ligand chelating a divalent protein; (C) a multivalent ligand binding to a protein exploiting the statistical rebinding (proximity) effect.Scheme 1 Strategy for the design of the rod-based dendrimers.
Lack of cholinergic innervation in gastric mucosa does not affect gastrin secretion or basal acid output in neurturin receptor GFRα2 deficient mice (2013)

Efferent signals from the vagus nerve are thought to mediate both basal and meal-induced gastric acid secretion, and provide trophic support of the mucosa. However, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Neurturin, signalling via glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-family receptor α2 (GFRα2), is essential for parasympathetic innervation of many target tissues but its role in gastric innervation is unknown. Here we show that most nerve fibres in wild-type mouse gastric mucosa, including all positive for gastrin-releasing peptide, are cholinergic. GFRα2-deficient (KO) mice lacked virtually all cholinergic nerve fibres and associated glial cells in the gastric (oxyntic and pyloric) mucosa but not in the smooth muscle, consistent with the selective expression of neurturin mRNA in the gastric mucosa. 2-Deoxyglucose and hexamethonium failed to affect acid secretion in the GFRα2-KO mice indicating the lack of functional innervation in gastric mucosa. Interestingly, basal and maximal histamine-induced acid secretion did not differ between wild-type and GFRα2-KO mice. Moreover, circulating gastrin levels in both fasted and fed animals, thickness of gastric mucosa, and density of parietal and different endocrine cells were similar. Carbachol-stimulated acid secretion was higher in GFRα2-KO mice, while atropine reduced basal secretion similarly in both genotypes. We conclude that cholinergic innervation of gastric mucosa depends on neurturin-GFRα2 signalling but is dispensable for gastrin secretion and for basal and maximal acid output. Basal acid secretion in the KO mice appears to be, at least partly, facilitated by constitutive activity of muscarinic receptors.
In Vitro Selection of pH‐Activated DNA Nanostructures (2016)

Abstract We report the first in vitro selection of DNA nanostructures that switch their conformation when triggered by change in pH. Previously, most pH‐active nanostructures were designed using known pH‐active motifs, such as the i‐motif or the triplex structure. In contrast, we performed de novo selections starting from a random library and generated nanostructures that can sequester and release Mipomersen, a clinically approved antisense DNA drug, in response to pH change. We demonstrate extraordinary pH‐selectivity, releasing up to 714‐fold more Mipomersen at pH 5.2 compared to pH 7.5. Interestingly, none of our nanostructures showed significant sequence similarity to known pH‐sensitive motifs, suggesting that they may operate via novel structure‐switching mechanisms. We believe our selection scheme is general and could be adopted for generating DNA nanostructures for many applications including drug delivery, sensors and pH‐active surfaces.
Molecular cloning and expression of the Bacillus anthracis edema factor toxin gene: a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase (1988)

The Bacillus anthracis exotoxin is composed of a lethal factor, a protective antigen, and an edema factor (EF). EF is a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase which elevates cyclic AMP levels within cells. The entire EF gene (cya) has been cloned in Escherichia coli, but EF gene expression by its own B. anthracis promoter could not be detected in E. coli. However, when the EF gene was placed downstream from the lac or the T7 promoter, enzymatically active EF was produced. The EF gene, like the protective antigen (pag) and lethal factor (lef) genes, was present on the large B. anthracis toxin plasmid pXO1.
Electromagnetic torque of a synchronous machine during a single out‐of‐phase reclosing (2000)

Abstract The adoption of single‐pole switching for a radial transmission line which connects large synchronous machines to the power system would submit these machines to repetitive mechanical stress. To evaluate the total mechanical stress, it is first necessary to determine the electromagnetic torque and to evaluate its transient maximum values at reclosing. In this paper, maximum values of the electromagnetic transient torque at single‐pole reclosing are first computed using a simplified analytical approach. The analytical results are then validated by numerical simulations and by an experimental test on a laboratory synchronous machine. It will be shown that single‐pole reclosing would be, in the worst case, as restricting as three out‐of‐phase synchronisation.
Super Light‐Sensitive Photosensitizer Nanoparticles for Improved Photodynamic Therapy against Solid Tumors (2022)

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective method for superficial cancer treatment. However, the limited light intensity in tissues, tumor hypoxia, and the low accumulation efficiency of photosensitizers (PSs) in tumors are still major challenges. Herein, we introduce super light‐sensitive PS nanoparticles (designated HR NPs) that can increase singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) production and improve PS accumulation in tumors. HR NPs have the ability to produce a large amount of 1 O 2 under ultralow power density light (0.05 mW cm −2 ) irradiation. More significantly, HR NPs have a long circulating time in tumor‐bearing mice and can accumulate in tumors with high efficiency. When irradiated by light with a suitable wavelength, the nanoparticles exhibit excellent antitumor efficacy. This work will make it possible to cure solid tumors by PDT by enhancing the therapeutic effects.
James W. Hall (1963)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsThomas ChurchillTHOMAS CHURCHILL, now at the University of British Columbia, has published articles on Henry Green and Forster in Critique, and is now at work on a book on Evelyn Waugh.
Urodynamic And Radiologic Parameters Before And After Loop Surgery For Recurrent Urinary Stress Incontinence (1990)

In recent years, accurate preoperative diagnosis has been increasingly emphasized as an important therapeutic aspect of urinary incontinence in women. Forty patients suffering from recurrent stress incontinence underwent a dura-sling operation, i.e. loop surgery. The mean period od incontinence complaints prior to secondary surgery was 2.6 years. Follow-up urodynamic parameters revealed a slight improvement in urethral closure pressure (UCP) as well as significant improvement in functional urethral length and depression quotient. Radiologic investigations before and after sling surgery demonstrated good morphological results (angle beta). One year after surgery, 85% of the women had both clinical and urodynamic continence. Medium-term micturition complaints, however, have to be accepted in some of the patients.
Generation of Gene-Modified T Cells Reactive against the Angiogenic Kinase Insert Domain-Containing Receptor (KDR) Found on Tumor Vasculature (2000)

The destruction of newly forming tumor vasculature is a promising approach to inhibit tumor growth. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether human lymphocytes gene modified to express a chimeric receptor specific for the angiogenic endothelial cell receptor, KDR, could react against KDR(+) cells. Gene-modified lymphocytes specifically lysed KDR(+) cells and secreted cytokines in response to KDR(+) target cells including human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Anti-KDR lymphocytes induced HUVECs to secrete the chemokine interleukin 8 and upregulate the adhesion molecules VCAM and E-selectin, which may be important in the recruitment of further immune effector cells to tumor. These KDR-specific lymphocytes may be useful in the adoptive immunotherapy of a broad range of cancers by inducing immune-mediated destruction of tumor neovasculature.
A Shibboleth-protected privilege management infrastructure for e-science education (2006)

Simplifying access to and usage of large scale compute resources via the grid is of critical importance to encourage the uptake of e-research. Security is one aspect that needs to be made as simple as possible for end users. The ESP-Grid and DyVOSE projects at the National e-Science Centre (NeSC) at the University of Glasgow are investigating security technologies which will make the end-user experience of using the grid easier and more secure. In this paper, we outline how simplified (from the user experience) authentication and authorization of users are achieved through single usernames and passwords at users' home institutions. This infrastructure, which will be applied in the second year of the grid computing module part of the advanced MSc in Computing Science at the University of Glasgow, combines grid portal technology, the Internet2 Shibboleth Federated Access Control infrastructure, and the PERMS role-based access control technology. Through this infrastructure inter-institutional teaching can be supported where secure access to federated resources is made possible between sites. A key aspect of the work we describe here is the ability to support dynamic delegation of authority whereby local/remote administrators are able to dynamically assign meaningful privileges to remote/local users respectively in a trusted manner thus allowing for the dynamic establishment of virtual organizations with fine grained security at their heart.
Schottky contacts to InP, InGaAs and InAlAs (2002)

Current-voltage characteristics are presented for Au, In, and Sb contacts on InP, InGaAs, and InAlAs surfaces prepared in various ways. The conditions that have yielded the highest barriers and the reasons behind the large variation observed for different surface treatments are discussed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements are presented for InP surfaces. The data indicate the source of the mechanism whereby large barrier heights may be obtained for n-type crystals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Redox-Modulation of Chloroplast Enzymes (1991)

Assimilation of C, N, and S into organic compounds requires effective and flexible cooperation among the energy-converting, tightly coupled, thylakoid-bound processes and stromal metabolism. Fluctuations of light, temperature, and changing concentrations of the various reducible substrates pose unique regulatory problems to photoautotrophic plant cells. Covalent redox modification of enzyme proteins as mediated by the ferredoxin/thiore-doxin-system is suited to provide short-term adaptation of various enzymatic activities in the chloroplast. This mode of regulation is based on the continuous turnover of interconvertible enzyme forms, as in the systems driven by protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, but is particularly adapted to the unique conditions of a compartment performing oxygenic photosynthesis by depending on the simultaneous presence of reducing power and of oxygen. Individual fine control of each of the enzymes subjected to redox modification is achieved by specific metabolites acting as additional positive or negative effectors of the reductive (and/or oxidative) modification reaction. The biochemical prerequisite for such a control is the presence of regulatory (extra) sequences carrying cysteine residues which are subjected to reversible redox changes. Although no common amino acid sequence has yet been identified among the known regulatory peptides, in all cases the evolution of autotrophy should be related to the presence of extrasequences in otherwise very conserved enzyme molecules.
The Use of Rubber for Impact Protection in Automobiles (1978)

Abstract The requirement that cars should be protected from impacts has led to the adoption of new designs of rubber components and new compounds. There is great scope for designers and engineers to use impact-absorbing rubber units, high-modulus vulcanizates, and paintable rubbers in a wide variety of applications in the automobile field and elsewhere.
Wheat biotechnology: A minireview (2001)

*Due to the inherent difficulties associated with gene delivery into regenerable explants and recovery of plantlets with the introduced transgene, wheat was the last among cereals to be genetically transformed. This review attempts to summarize different efforts in the direction of achieving genetic transformation of wheat by various methods. Particle bombardment is the most widely employed procedure for the introduction of marker genes and also for the generation of transformed wheat with introduction of agronomically important genes for quality improvement, engineering of nuclear male sterility, transposon tagging, resistance to drought stress, resistance against fungal pathogens and insect resistance. The other methods of choice of gene delivery into wheat tissues include electroporation and co-cultivation with Agrobacterium. Several alternative approaches including microinjection, direct imbibition, permeabilization, silicon carbide fibermediated and pollen tube pathway have also been attempted for introduction of foreign DNA with varied degrees of success. In future, use of marker assisted selection and genomics approaches will increase the effectiveness and efficiency of wheat breeding programs, and will also provide insights into genetic control of key traits to be used for genetic manipulation.
Effects of biocide treatments on durability of wood and bamboo/high density polyethylene composites against algal and fungal decay (2017)

ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to investigate the algal and fungal resistance of biocide‐treated wood flour (WF)/high density polyethylene (HDPE) and bamboo flour (BF)/HDPE composites. The biocides included 4,5‐dichloro‐2‐octyl‐isothiazolone (DCOIT), zinc pyrithione (ZPT), and carbendazim (MBC). Resistance to algae and fungi was evaluated by artificially accelerated tests. Treated and untreated samples were exposed to algae ( Chlorella vulgaris , Ulothrix sp., Scenedesmus quadricauda , and Oscillatoria sp.) and fungi ( Coriolus versicolor and Poria placenta ) for 21 days and 12 weeks, respectively. The volatile components of WF and BF extractives were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The results indicated that incorporation of DCOIT, ZPT, and MBC effectively enhanced the durability of WF/HDPE and BF/HDPE composites against algal and fungal decay. Accordingly, DCOIT, ZPT, and MBC can be used as potential biocides for both WF/HDPE and BF/HDPE composites. GC‐MS analysis suggested that palmitic acid, oleic acid, stigmasta‐3,5‐dien‐7‐one, and vanillin in WF possibly provided some resistance to fungal attack, whereas di (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate and linoleic acid in BF were responsible for algal resistance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 45148.