gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Rare Disease InfoHub Portal: Actionable Knowledge Appropriately Delivered (2021)

The Rare Disease InfoHub ( https://rarediseases.oscar.ncsu.edu/ ) is a web-based platform that provides a one-stop knowledge resource, delivering the latest available information appropriate for patients, clinicians, and researchers alike while providing structural organization and curation to the Rare Disease knowledge continuum.The InfoHub is designed so that as knowledge and computational algorithms advance and new data science tools become available, they can be easily integrated into the platform to take advantage of sources such as: Social media streams and related colloquial language analytics; Integration of new technologies such as wearable health information and other Internet of Things (IoT) devices; Adaptive user interfaces and personalization.The design philosophy behind the InfoHub is dedicating to ensuring that: Curated knowledge resources are delivered in a concise and approachable format to all users; Content is research driven, a product of continuously evolving university and global research; InfoHub is provided as a non-commercial public service of a nationally-recognized Land Grant University, with no ads and no solicitations for support; User privacy is protected, with no collection of personal information or "sign-ups" required to access and of the InfoHub resources.
In vitro bioassay guided anti-dermatophyte and cytotoxic activities from Piper umbellatum L. Miq. led to 4-nerolidylcatechol (2019)

Dermatophytosis is a dermic disease caused by fungi. The aim of this study was to search anti-dermatophyte bioactive compounds in <i>Piper umbellatum</i> leaves. Cytotoxicity evaluation was performed against MRC-5 and HepG2 as a selectivity parameter. Crude ethanol extract presented MIC value of 39.1 μg/mL against <i>M. canis</i> and no cytotoxicity to Hep G2 (human liver cancer) and MRC-5 (normal lung fibroblast). 4-nerolydilcatechol was isolated from <i>P. umbellatum</i> ethanolic extract. MIC values for 4-NC were 7.6μM to <i>M. canis</i>and 15.6μM to <i>Trichophyton rubrum.</i> 4-NC presented activity against <i>M. canis</i>14 times lower than to MRC-5 (non-tumoral human cell line), which suggest selective activity for this fungus. Molecular modeling suggests 4-NC could bind to CYP51, present in lanosterol synthesis, blocking fungi development. In conclusion, <i>P. umbellatum</i> crude ethanol extract and 4-NC demonstrated high and selective <i>in vitro</i> antifungal activity.[Formula: see text].
Characterization of an Experimental Vaccine for Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (2014)

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) are major causes of respiratory disease in calves and children, respectively, and are priorities for vaccine development. We previously demonstrated that an experimental vaccine, BRSV-immunostimulating complex (ISCOM), is effective in calves with maternal antibodies. The present study focuses on the antigenic characterization of this vaccine for the design of new-generation subunit vaccines. The results of our study confirmed the presence of membrane glycoprotein (G), fusion glycoprotein (F), and nucleoprotein (N) proteins in the ISCOMs, and this knowledge was extended by the identification of matrix (M), M2-1, phosphoprotein (P), small hydrophobic protein (SH) and of cellular membrane proteins, such as the integrins αVβ1, αVβ3, and α3β1. The quantity of the major protein F was 4- to 5-fold greater than that of N (∼77 μg versus ∼17 μg/calf dose), whereas G, M, M2-1, P, and SH were likely present in smaller amounts. The polymerase (L), M2-2, nonstructural 1 (NS1), and NS2 proteins were not detected, suggesting that they are not essential for protection. Sera from the BRSV-ISCOM-immunized calves contained high titers of IgG antibody specific for F, G, N, and SH. Antibody responses against M and P were not detected; however, this does not exclude their role in protective T-cell responses. The absence of immunopathological effects of the cellular proteins, such as integrins, needs to be further confirmed, and their possible contribution to adjuvant functions requires elucidation. This work suggests that a combination of several surface and internal proteins should be included in subunit RSV vaccines and identifies absent proteins as potential candidates for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals.
Early Application of Topical 15% Idoxuridine in Dimethyl Sulfoxide Shortens the Course of Herpes Simplex Labialis: A Multicenter Placebo-Controlled Trial (1990)

In a double-blind, randomized, patient-initiated treatment study at five medical centers, 301 immunocompetent patients experiencing a recurrence of herpes labialis were treated with topical 15% idoxuridine (IDU) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 80% DMSO control solution, or 2% DMSO control solution. IDU did not prevent the development of lesions but significantly accelerated lesion resolution in comparison with the combined control groups. For the total population, the mean duration of pain was reduced by 1.3 days (35%, P = .01) and the mean healing time to loss of crust by 1.7 days (21%, P = .004). Analysis of subpopulations revealed that the beneficial activity of the treatment was concentrated among the patients who began treatment in the prodrome or erythema lesion stage. For these patients, the mean duration of pain was reduced by 1.8 days (42%, P = .08) and the mean healing time to loss of crust by 3.3 days (38%, P less than .001). If only patients with classic herpes lesions (vesicle, ulcer, or crust formation) were considered, there was a greater drug effect on the duration of pain (reduction by 2.6 days, 49%; P = .03) and the mean healing time to normal skin was significantly shortened (reduction by 2.3 days, 23%; P = .004). Adverse reactions to the medication were minimal.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Sequence‐Specific DNA‐Binding Ligands (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The effect of tamoxifen on the pharmacokinetics of letrozole in female rats (2006)

The effects of single doses of tamoxifen (TAM; 0.5-5 mg/kg, i.v.) and chronic pretreatment with TAM (0.1-5.0 mg/kg/day, i.p. for 7 consecutive days) on letrozole (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) pharmacokinetics were evaluated in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The plasma concentration-time profiles of letrozole (0.1-2.0 mg/kg) after single i.v. doses were analysed by the non-compartment model with terminal half-lives (t(1/2,lambdaz)) ranging from 34.3 to 37.5 h. The volume of distribution at the terminal phases (Vd(lambdaz)) ranged from 1.9 to 2.1 l/kg and clearance (CL) varied from 0.036 to 0.042 l/(h.kg). After co-administration of TAM and letrozole intravenously, the t1/2, Vd(lambdaz) and CL of letrozole were not significantly altered. Chronic pretreatment with TAM significantly decreased the t1/2 of letrozole by about 33%, and increased its clearance by an average of 40%. However, TAM pretreatment did not significantly affect the Vd(lambdaz) of letrozole in female rats. Co-administration of letrozole and TAM orally increased the absorption half-life of letrozole threefold although the absolute bioavailability remained unchanged. These observations suggest that single oral doses of TAM delay the absorption of letrozole while chronic pretreatment with TAM accelerates the elimination of letrozole, probably due to induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes in rats.
Mathematical modelling of the release of drug from porous, nonswelling transdermal drug-delivery devices (1998)

Journal Article Mathematical modelling of the release of drug from porous, nonswelling transdermal drug-delivery devices Get access A. J. LEE, A. J. LEE QuantiSci, Chiltern HouseStation Road, Henley-on-Thames RG9 1AT. UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. R. KING, J. R. KING † Department of Theoretical Mechanics, University of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RD.UK † Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. HIBBERD S. HIBBERD Department of Theoretical Mechanics, University of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RD.UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mathematical Medicine and Biology: A Journal of the IMA, Volume 15, Issue 2, June 1998, Pages 135–163, https://doi.org/10.1093/imammb/15.2.135 Published: 01 June 1998 Article history Received: 30 January 1997 Accepted: 04 September 1997 Published: 01 June 1998
Accurate characterization of directional-coupler-based devices (1996)

The coupled mode approach, together with the finite element method, and a combination of the least squares boundary residual and the finite element method approaches are used to obtain important design parameters to characterize directional coupler-based devices. Results are presented showing the power transfer ratio between such coupled waveguides and their application to characterize optical modulators and filters.
The Institutional Legitimacy of Disruptive Start-ups in Sharing Economy (2018)

The sharing economy, with innovative business models (e.g. ride sharing, house sharing, and crowdsourcing), has threatened and disrupted the traditional industries. However, the process of such disruptions and negotiation of new institutional legitimacy is messy. Our study attempts to utilize institutional legitimacy literature to understand the dynamic process of new institutional legitimacy formation in a sharing economy disruption and generate a framework to explain the factors which influence the legitimacy process. We used deep- learning technique to identify the institutional legitimacy issues surrounding Uber, a leading tech start-up in sharing economy, from news articles published between 2009 and 2016. The preliminary results show that institutional legitimacy of sharing economy disruption varies by time and geographical regions.
General Analysis of Vacuum Circuit Breaker Switching Overvoltages in Offshore Wind Farms (2016)

Understanding mechanisms of switching transient overvoltages in modern electrical power systems is a necessity to ensure a proper design of power plants and switchgear and the required level of reliable and secure system operation. High fidelity plant modelling and accurate transient analysis is a prerequisite for understanding the mechanisms of how overvoltages are created and whether or not the voltage withstand capabilities of system components will be exceeded. This research is focused on switching overvoltages typical for an offshore wind farm power collection grid configuration that comprises vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs), cables and transformers. An in-depth understanding of the prestrike effects in VCBs is a prerequisite for studying switching transient overvoltages. In this paper, the impact of VCB parameters (e.g., stray capacitance and withstand voltage ability)and cable length on the transformer terminal voltage during closing operation was studied. A wind farm power collection system was modelled in ATP-EMTP environment. To validate the results obtained through computer simulation, field measurements from an actual system were used.
Relative Reaction Rates of Olefin Substrates with Ruthenium(II) Carbene Metathesis Initiators1 (1998)

The metathesis of terminal olefins having different steric bulk and different geometries as well as electronically different para-substituted styrenes was studied with the ruthenium-based metathesis initiators trans-(PCy3)2Cl2RuCHR. Bulkier olefins were found to react slower, and trans internal olefins were found to be slower than cis. The kinetic product of all reactions was found to be the alkylidene rather than the methylidene. Observed effects were used to explain the mechanism of ring-opening cross metathesis. No linear electronic effects were observed.
Publisher's Note: “Label-free electronic probing of nucleic acids and proteins at the nanoscale using the nanoneedle biosensor” [Biomicrofluidics 7, 044114 (2013)] (2013)

[This corrects the article on p. 044114 in vol. 7.].
Fabrication of perpendicularly magnetized magnetic tunnel junctions with L1-CoPt/Co2MnSi hybrid electrode (2010)

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) of perpendicularly magnetized L10-CoPt/Co2MnSi/MgO/FePt structure were fabricated. In-plane x-ray diffraction measurements and element specific evaluation of magnetic properties using soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism were carried out to examine quite thin Co2MnSi (CMS) inserted layer between CoPt and MgO interface. Ordered B2-CMS was successfully fabricated onto L10-CoPt as thin as 1 nm thick, and CMS layer shows perpendicular magnetic anisotropy below 3 nm thick via exchange coupling with CoPt layer. In the MTJ-stacking, epitaxial growth was confirmed except for partial misalignment in the upper FePt layer, and coercive field difference clearly appeared between the bottom and the top ferromagnetic electrodes.
Synthesis of Mosaic Peptidoglycan Cross-bridges by Hybrid Peptidoglycan Assembly Pathways in Gram-positive Bacteria (2004)

The peptidoglycan cross-bridges of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium consist of the sequences Gly(5), l-Ala(2), and d-Asx, respectively. Expression of the fmhB, femA, and femB genes of S. aureus in E. faecalis led to the production of peptidoglycan precursors substituted by mosaic side chains that were efficiently used by the penicillin-binding proteins for cross-bridge formation. The Fem transferases were specific for incorporation of glycyl residues at defined positions of the side chains in the absence of any additional S. aureus factors such as tRNAs used for amino acid activation. The PBPs of E. faecalis displayed a broad substrate specificity because mosaic side chains containing from 1 to 5 residues and Gly instead of l-Ala at the N-terminal position were used for peptidoglycan cross-linking. Low affinity PBP2a of S. aureus conferred beta-lactam resistance in E. faecalis and E. faecium, thereby indicating that there was no barrier to heterospecific expression of resistance caused by variations in the structure of peptidoglycan precursors. Thus, conservation of the structure of the peptidoglycan cross-bridges in members of the same species reflects the high specificity of the enzymes for side chain synthesis, although this is not essential for the activity of the PBPs.
APPLICATION OF THE MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC IMPEDANCE MODELS TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE TOTAL ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE OF COPPER DISSOLUTON (1989)

Results of two mathematical models are presented that calculate the frequency response of a copper rotating disk in chloride solutions.Both the macroscopic and microscopic impedance models predict the experimentally observed high-frequency slope that is greater than the 45 0 convective-diffusion (Warburg) impedance line.The macroscopic im pedance model uses concen trated-solu tion theory, incorporating the Stefan-Maxwell transport equations, to account for multicomponent diffusion, migration, and convection.This model, based on a single overall charge-transfer reaction, predicts impedance curves for the largely mass-transfer controlled anodic dissolution process by using a constant double-layer capacity.Additionally, the electrochemical impedance is analyzed by examining each contribution of the total cell potential and total current giving rise to impedance terms typically neglected in other ac-impedance treatments.The frequency dispersion of the double-layer capacity is accounted for by using the microscopic model of the electrode-electrolyte interface.This lumped-parameter model accounts for (cavity) potential and concentration-dependent charge-transfer reactions, as well as the diffuse and diffusion layers.A three-step (adsorption!electron-transfer! desorption) reaction mechanism is proposed, and the simulated impedance results yield a detailed and quantitative understanding of doublelayer adsorption effects.Specifically, insight is gained abou t the im portance and 2 influence of the many parameters that are used in the microscopic model to characterize the interface but cannot, in general, be independently measured.Thus, an iterative procedure for selecting equilibrium constants and kinetic rate constants is discussed.Additionally, a description of the equilibrated interface is given, including surfacecoverage and potential-distribution maps as a function of the supporting electrolyte concentration.Finally, the set of interfacial equilibrium parameters used in the microscopic model IS based on a total surface coverage of 0.2%, and the kinetic parameters were selected such that the simulated results agree with the experimental steady-state and impedance data.
Hierarchies and Federations in the Post-war Era (1991)

This chapter presents an overview of the development of resource allocation and the coordination of economic activity among large-scale companies in post-war Japan. We will examine particularly the business groups, which have been the major form of federation for the larger part of the period. Cartels were another form of federation, but they were related to particular groups of industries such as fabricated basic materials, and, therefore, are best be dealt with in later chapters.
Effect of coconut oil and defaunation treatment on methanogenesis in sheep (2003)

The present study was conducted to evaluate in vivo the role of rumen ciliate protozoa with respect to the methane-suppressing effect of coconut oil. Three sheep were subjected to a 2 x 2 factorial design comprising two types of dietary lipids (50 g x kg(-1) coconut oil vs. 50 g x kg(-1) rumen-protected fat) and defaunation treatment (with vs. without). Due to the defaunation treatment, which reduced the rumen ciliate protozoa population by 94% on average, total tract fibre degradation was reduced but not the methane production. Feeding coconut oil significantly reduced daily methane release without negatively affecting the total tract nutrient digestion. Compared with the rumen-protected fat diet, coconut oil did not alter the energy retention of the animals. There was no interaction between coconut oil feeding and defaunation treatment in methane production. An interaction occurred in the concentration of methanogens in the rumen fluid, with the significantly highest values occurring when the animals received the coconut oil diet and were subjected to the defaunation treatment. Possible explanations for the apparent inconsistency between the amount of methane produced and the concentration of methane-producing microbes are discussed. Generally, the present data illustrate that a depression of the concentration of ciliate protozoa or methanogens in rumen fluid cannot be used as a reliable indicator for the success of a strategy to mitigate methane emission in vivo. The methane-suppressing effect of coconut oil seems to be mediated through a changed metabolic activity and/or composition of the rumen methanogenic population.
Online and Operand-Aware Detection of Failures Utilizing False Alarm Vectors (2015)

This work presents a framework which detects online and at operand level of granularity all the vectors which excite a set of diagnosed failures in combinational modules. The failures may be of various types and may change over time. We propose to utilize this ability to detect failures at operand level of granularity to improve yield, by not discarding those chips containing failing and redundant computational units as long as they are not failing at the same time. The main challenge in realization of such a framework is the ability for on-chip storage of all the (test) vectors which excite the set of diagnosed failures. A major contribution of this work is to significantly minimize the number of stored test cubes by inserting only a few but carefully-selected "false alarm" vectors. As a result, a computational unit may be mis-diagnosed as failing for a given operand however we show such cases are rare and the chip may continue to be used.
Automating Post-Editing To Improve MT Systems (2018)

Beyond manual and automated post-editing, we describe an approach that takes post-editing information to automatically improve the underlying rules and lexical entries of a transfer-based Machine Translation (MT) system. This process can be divided into two main steps. In the first step, an online post-editing tool allows for easy error diagnosis and implicit error categorization. In the second step, an Automatic Rule Refiner performs error remediation, by tracking errors and suggesting repairs that are mostly lexical and morphosyntactic in nature (such as word-order or incorrect agreement in transfer rules). This approach directly improves the intelligibility of corrected MT output and, more interestingly, it generalizes over unseen data, providing improved MT output for similar sentences that have not been corrected. Hence our approach is an alternative to fully-automated Post-Editing.
Cells Expressing the Epstein-Barr Virus Growth Program Are Present in and Restricted to the Naive B-Cell Subset of Healthy Tonsils (2000)

In this paper we demonstrate, for the first time, that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected cells expressing the lymphoblastoid growth program are present in healthy carriers of the virus. Previously we observed that latently infected naive B cells are present in tonsils only when viral replication is detected, suggesting that these may represent newly infected B cells. We have tested this idea by performing a reverse transcription-PCR analysis for the expression of latent genes (EBNA2 and the EBNA3s) that are characteristically expressed only by newly infected cells expressing the growth latency program. EBNA2 expression is regularly detected in purified naive (IgD(+)) tonsillar B cells (13 of 16 tonsils tested) but was never found in the IgD(-) population (0 of 16). More detailed analysis revealed that the mRNAs for the latent genes EBNA1 (3 of 3 tonsils tested), EBNA3a (3 of 5), EBNA3b (3 of 5), EBNA3c (3 of 5), LMP1 (6 of 6), and LMP2 (5 of 6) were also present in the IgD(+) population, but the EBNA1Q-K transcript, characteristic of nonlymphoblastoid forms of latency, was never detected (0 of 6). Finally, we demonstrate that the latently infected naive (IgD(+)) cells express CD80 (B7.1), a marker characteristically expressed on activated naive lymphoblasts but absent from resting naive B cells. The infected naive (IgD(+)) population in the tonsil therefore has the viral and cellular phenotype of a B-cell directly infected with EBV-an activated lymphoblast expressing the growth program.
Nasal peanut+ CpG immunotherapy enhances peanut‐specific IFN‐γ in Th2 cells and IL‐10 in non‐Th2 cells in mice (2019)

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