gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coxsackie and mumpsvirus infection in a prospective study of acute pancreatitis. (1977)

A prospective study of 116 patients with acute pancreatitis included routine screening for evidence of viral infection. Five patients (all female) exhibited significant rising antibody titres to Coxsackie B or mumpsvirus, while none of the remaining 111 patients did. Diarrhoea was a prodromal feature of the pancreatitis in those patients with evidence of viral disease. Screening patients with acute pancreatitis for Coxsackie B and mumpsvirus infections is worthwhile in the identification of aetiological factors and may minimise protracted biliary investigations. The incidence of "idiopathic" acute pancreatitis in this study was 5-2% (six patients).
Investigating the impact metamaterials have on breakdown delay in plasma formation in high power microwave experiments (2014)

The efficacy of protecting electronics from high power microwaves (HPM) through plasma creation depends on how quickly the plasma forms in the protective gas chamber when illuminated with microwave radiation. A cylindrical chamber with polycarbonate windows was filled with a neon, krypton gas mixture and illuminated with a train of ~25kW, 800ns long pulses at 43Hz repetition rate as a simulation of the HPM attack scenario. In order to facilitate the formation of a plasma, a set of metamaterial, stainless steel masks for the incident polycarbonate window were created to increase the effective electric field. In addition to the masks, we investigated the effect chamber pressure had on the breakdown delay.
Oleylamine as Both Reducing Agent and Stabilizer in a Facile Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles (2009)

Monodisperse Fe3O4 nanoparticles are synthesized by a much simplified method of reductive decomposition of iron acetylacetonate in benzyl ether and oleylamine. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles are catalytically active for CVD growth of 1D boron nanowires.
Increased Risk of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Premature Infants with Patent Ductus Arteriosus Treated with Indomethacin (1996)

These data indicate that there is increased risk of NEC and bowel perforation in premature infants with PDA receiving INDO. Mortality was higher in the PDA/INDO group with NEC than those PDA/INDO infants without NEC.
Degradation of Beta Cloth Covering for a Battery Orbital Replacement Unit in Low Earth Orbit (2016)

Samples from the B-cloth cover for a battery orbit replaceable unit from the International Space Station were characterized using optical and electron microscopy, UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometry, and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. Results showed that in areas where the fabric was exposed to solar radiation the absorptance increased by as much as 20 percent, and the peak difference was in the ultraviolet, indicating that the increased absorptance may have been due to radiation. The emissivity of the material over a temperature range of 300 - 700 K was essentially unchanged.
Improving CRISPR-Cas9 On-Target Specificity (2017)

The CRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized the field of molecular biology, medical genetics and medicine. The technology is robust, facile and simple to achieve genome targeting in cells and organisms. However, to propagate these nucleases for therapeutic application, the on-target specificity is of paramount importance. Although the binding and cleavage of off-target sites by Cas9 is issue of concern, however the specificity of CRISPR technology is greatly improved in current research employing the use of engineer nucleases, improved gRNA selection, novel Cas9 orhtologs and the advancement in methods to detect and screen off-target sites and its effects. Here we summarize the advances in this state-of-the-art technology that will equip the genome editing tools to be applied in clinical research. The researcher should optimize these methods with emphasize to achieve perfection in the specificity.
An Analysis of the Impacts of Risks and Uncertainties on Construction Cash Flow Forecast (2001)

Various attempts have been made to model construction cash flow. However, in spite ofthese efforts, significant variations between the modelled cash flow profiles and the actualwere observable. In previous research by the authors (Odeyinka and Lowe, 2000), it wasfound that the variations were due to uncertainties and risk factors inherent inconstruction cash flow forecast. This complementary study attempts to analyse theimpacts of the identified risk factors on construction cash flow forecast. The study wasconducted through a questionnaire survey of small, medium and large-scale constructioncontractors. Responses were analysed using 'mean response' analysis and univariateanalysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that most of the risk factors withcritical impacts on cash flow forecast relate to contractors' cash inflow, change in thedesign or specification and construction programming. Results also indicated that somerisk factors such as 'problems with the foundations' and 'inclement weather' were found toassume more critical impacts than others in certain project situations. The implication ofthis is that the knowledge of such situations as well as the awareness of the possibleimpacts of the risk factors occurring therein will provide suitable information forconstruction practitioners to proactively manage the identified risks.
Separation of light confinement and absorption sites for enhancing solar water splitting (2015)

More than 30% enhancement in photocurrent is achieved by separating light confinement and absorption sites within the solar cell.
Understanding tuning complexity in multithreaded and hybrid web servers (2008)

Adequately setting up a multi-threaded Web server is a challenging task because its performance is determined by a combination of configurable Web server parameters and unsteady external factors like the workload type, workload intensity and machine resources available. Usually administrators set up Web server parameters like the keep-alive timeout and number of worker threads based on their experience and judgment, expecting that this configuration will perform well for the guessed uncontrollable factors. The nontrivial interaction between the configuration parameters of a multi-threaded Web server makes it a hard task to properly tune it for a given workload, but the burst nature of the Internet quickly change the uncontrollable factors and make it impossible to obtain an optimal configuration that will always perform well. In this paper we show the complexity of optimally configuring a multi-threaded Web server for different workloads with an exhaustive study of the interactions between the keep-alive timeout and the number of worker threads for a wide range of workloads. We also analyze the Hybrid Web server architecture (multi-threaded and event-driven) as a feasible solution to simplify Web server tuning and obtain the best performance for a wide range of workloads that can dynamically change in intensity and type. Finally, we compare the performance of the optimally tuned multithreaded Web server and the hybrid Web server with different workloads to validate our assertions. We conclude from our study that the hybrid architecture clearly outperforms the multi-threaded one, not only in terms of performance, but also in terms of its tuning complexity and its adaptability over different workload types. In fact, from the obtained results, we expect that the hybrid architecture is well suited to simplify the self configuration of complex application servers.
Study of the Possibility Of Replacing an Integrated Airframe with a Flat Polygonal Screen to Estimate The Efficiency of Noise Screening of Engines Using Geometric Diffraction Theory (2020)

Using the example of an integrated airframe, we performed a computational and experimental study of the possibility of using geometric diffraction theory (GDT) to calculate the sound diffraction when the airframe is replaced with simulating flat polygonal screen as pertains to the effectiveness of noise screening of aircraft power plants. We compared (1) impulse responses experimentally measured with maximum length sequences and the reciprocity theorem for both a three-dimensional model of the airframe and its plane model with (2) the responses calculated using GDT; the results showed good qualitative agreement for observation points in the geometric shadow zone and in the illuminated area, as well as quantitative coincidence in the frequency range characteristic of jet noise and the first harmonics of the blade passing frequency of a propeller or fan.
Propriétés mécaniques de baguettes d'os cortical : association de mesures mécaniques et ultrasonores (2008)

L'objectif de ce travail est de présenter une méthode qui permet, sur un même échantillon osseux, la mesure de propriétés élastiques anisotropes et de la résistance à la fracture. Le module de Young et la contrainte maximale à la rupture sont obtenues par un test de flexion trois points. Deux méthodes ultrasonores originales adaptées à la forme des baguettes utilisées en flexion trois-points sont introduites pour la mesure de coefficients élastiques. Dans la direction axiale de la baguette, la vitesse des ondes de barreau est mesurée en transmission à 60 kHz ; dans la direction transverse, la vitesse des ondes de volume est mesurée en double transmission avec une sonde focalisée à 20 MHz. Les élasticités déduites des vitesses ultrasonores sont dans la gamme des valeurs obtenues avec les techniques plus classiques présentées dans la littérature.
Adsorption of Zwitterionic Drugs on Oxidized Cellulose from Aqueous and Water/Alcohol Solutions (2004)

Adsorption of zwitterionic drugs (β-lactam antibiotics and amino acids) on samples of oxidized cellulose (OC) with various carboxyl contents and structure characteristics was investigated from aqueous and water/alcohol solutions. The process is described according to the theory of localized stoichiometric adsorption and represented by Langmuir-like isotherms. The drug uptake increases with increase of alcohol content in the solution and with growth of alcohol molecular weight. The main contribution to the increase of drug uptake with addition of alcohol to the aqueous drug solution is provided by the desolvation of zwitterion ionic groups, which increases with growth of alcohol content. The structural characteristics of OC (degree of crystallinity and carboxyls distribution) and sorbate molecule size have considerable effect on the drug adsorption. It is shown that different drug uptake occurs on the OC samples with similar exchange capacity but various structure characteristics, which can be explained by various accessibility of carboxylic groups of OC, caused by decreased swelling of a sorbent in binary water/alcohol solutions.
Proton Conducting Borosiloxane Solid Electrolytes and Their Composites with Nafion (2002)

A variety of proton conducting borosiloxane solid electrolytes containing -SO3H groups as proton sources were prepared. The presence of boron as a Lewis acid in the inorganic-organic hybrid structure was thought to lead to enhanced -SO3H dissociation, while the incorporation of alkyl groups overcame the tendency of the materials towards deliquescence at high temperatures and high relative humidity. Robust films, prepared from composites of borosiloxane electrolyte and Nafion® 117, were thermally stable and exhibited superior proton conducting characteristics to Nafion® 117.
<title>Compound zoom lenses</title> (2005)

The limitations of conventional zoom lenses will be discussed and several novel compound zoom lens designs will be described.
Two Adjacent Mutations on Chromosome 16 Discovered in a Patient Presenting with Generalized Convulsions after Influenza A Virus Infection (2011)

A 49-year-old otherwise healthy man was admitted to our hospital because of repeated generalized convulsions after influenza A virus infection. His family history was notable for consanguinity of parents. Initial laboratory tests revealed metabolic alkalosis with hypomagnesemia, as well as an elevated high density lipoprotein cholesterol level. He was diagnosed with Gitelman's syndrome and cholesteryl ester transfer protein deficiency by identifying homozygous mutations of causative genes, SLC12A3 and CETP, respectively. These two genes are located in the vicinity on chromosome 16, suggesting the possibility of autozygosity. This is the first case report highlighting the co-existence of these genetic disorders.
Novel integration technique for flip-chip bonding circuit in wafer scale packaging (2006)

A novel integration technique for flip-chip bonding a circuit in wafer scale packaging is presented. The solder is a multilayered structure which consists of 95 at.% Sn and 5 at.% Au. The metal-to-metal bonding process was carried out around 230/spl deg/C in air. The solder bond pads have an area of 625/spl mu/m/sup 2/ with the height of 2.3/spl mu/m. To characterize the integration technique a variety of designs for a flip-chip interconnections are fabricated and measured for a flip-chip mounted coplanar waveguide (CPW). Modeled predictions of the design show significant performance improvement can be achieved by considering the impact of the substrate and associated parasitics on the mounted chip and transition region in the design. In this paper, we discuss design, modeling and measurement of wide band transition for flip chipped circuits in wafer scale packaging. A locally scaled flip-chip structure is proposed to compensate effective dielectric constant at the transition part of the interconnect.
Effect of diamide (azodicarboxylic acid-bis-dimethylamide) on arachidonic acid release from human blood platelet phospholipids. (1984)

It was found that the thiol-oxidizing agent diamide inhibits the formation of arachidonic acid metabolites in thrombin-stimulated platelets. An inhibition of arachidonic acid release from membrane phospholipids in diamide-treated platelets is concluded since diamide does not diminish the formation of stable metabolites from exogenous arachidonic acid. The role of the cellular thiol-disulfide status for the activities of phospholipases involved in arachidonic acid release is discussed.
The Roles of Three Serratia marcescens Chitinases in Chitin Conversion Are Reflected in Different Thermodynamic Signatures of Allosamidin Binding (2010)

Binding of allosamidin to the three family 18 chitinases of Serratia marcescens has been studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Interestingly, the thermodynamic signatures of allosamidin binding were different for all three chitinases. At pH 6.0, chitinase A (ChiA) binds allosamidin with a K(d) value of 0.17 +/- 0.06 microM where the main part of the driving force is due to enthalpic change (DeltaH(r) degrees = -6.2 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol) and less to entropic change (-TDeltaS(r) degrees = -3.2 kcal/mol). A large part of DeltaH is due to allosamidin stacking with Trp(167) in the -3 subsite. Binding of allosamidin to both chitinase B (ChiB) (K(d) = 0.16 +/- 0.04 microM) and chitinase C (ChiC) (K(d) = 2.0 +/- 0.2 microM) is driven by entropy (DeltaH(r) degrees = 3.8 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol and -TDeltaS(r) degrees = -13.2 kcal/mol for ChiB and DeltaH(r) degrees = -0.6 +/- 0.1 and -TDeltaS(r) degrees = -7.3 kcal/mol for ChiC). For ChiC, the entropic term is dominated by changes in solvation entropy (DeltaS(conf) = 1 cal/K.mol and DeltaS(solv) = 31 cal/K.mol), while, for ChiB, changes in conformational entropy dominate (DeltaS(conf) = 37 cal/K x mol and DeltaS(solv) = 15 cal/K x mol). Corresponding values for ChiA are DeltaS(conf) = 4 cal/K x mol and DeltaS(solv) = 15 cal/K x mol. These remarkable differences in binding parameters reflect the different architectures of the catalytic centers in these enzymes that are adapted to different types of actions: ChiA and ChiB are processive enzymes that move in opposite directions, meaning that allosamidin binds in to "product" subsites in ChiB, while it binds to polymer-binding subsites in ChiA. The values for ChiC are compatible with this enzyme being a nonprocessive endochitinase with a much more open and solvated substrate-binding-site cleft.
Hormonal regulation of the Grb14 signal modulator and its role in cell cycle progression of MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells (2004)

Growth factor receptor bound (Grb)14 is a member of the Grb7 family of src homology (SH)2 domain-containing proteins. These proteins perform both adaptor and modulatory roles in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, although their regulation is poorly understood. In this study, a positive correlation between Grb14 protein expression and ER alpha status in breast cancer cell lines led us to investigate regulation of Grb14 by estradiol and insulin, which synergize in the regulation of breast cancer cell proliferation. In MCF-7 cells maintained in charcoal-stripped serum, Grb14 expression was downregulated by estradiol and increased by the pure anti-estrogen ICI 182780. Under serum-free conditions, insulin enhanced Grb14 expression but this effect was repressed by estradiol when both hormones were used in combination. Using a system in which c-Myc induction drives cell cycle progression independently of estradiol, we demonstrated that Grb14 regulation was specific to estradiol treatment. Finally, we demonstrated a novel functional role for Grb14 whereby its overexpression inhibited not only insulin- but also estrogen-induced cell cycle progression. This was associated with decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 activation in insulin-stimulated Grb14-overexpressing cells. These data represent the first demonstration of regulation of Grb14 expression levels in response to hormonal stimuli, and are consistent with its role as a repressor of insulin signaling where it is induced as a negative feedback mechanism. A role for Grb14 is also shown in estrogen/insulin crosstalk since estradiol blocks the insulin-induced induction of this protein.
Regulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐β/δ by the APC/β‐CATENIN pathway and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (2009)

Studies indicate that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta/delta (PPAR beta/delta) can either attenuate or potentiate colon cancer. One hypothesis suggests that PPAR beta/delta is upregulated by the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)/beta-CATENIN pathway and a related hypothesis suggests that PPAR beta/delta is downregulated by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The present study examined these possibilities using in vivo and in vitro models. While APC/beta-CATENIN-dependent expression of CYCLIN D1 was observed in vivo and in vitro, expression of PPAR beta/delta was not different in colon or intestinal polyps from wild-type or Apc(min) heterozygous mice or in human colon cancer cell lines with mutations in APC and/or beta-CATENIN. No difference in the level of PPAR beta/delta was found in colon from wild-type or Apc(min) heterozygous mice following treatment with NO-donating aspirin (NO-ASA). NSAIDs inhibited cell growth in RKO (wild-type APC) and DLD1 (mutant APC) human colon cancer cell lines but expression of PPAR beta/delta was not downregulated in these cell lines in response to a broad concentration range of celecoxib, indomethacin, NS-398, or nimesulide. However, indomethacin caused an increase in PPAR beta/delta mRNA and protein that was accompanied with increased expression of a known PPAR beta/delta target gene. Interestingly, expression of PPAR alpha was also increased in the human colon cancer cell lines by several NSAIDs at the highest concentration examined. Results from these studies provide additional evidence indicating that PPAR beta/delta is not upregulated by the APC/beta-CATENIN pathway. Further, these studies suggest that increased PPAR beta/delta and/or PPAR alpha by NSAIDs in human colon cancer cell lines could contribute to the mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive effects of NSAIDs.
The Impact of Problem-Solving Instruction on Middle School Students’ Physical Science Learning: Interplays of Knowledge, Reasoning, and Problem Solving (2017)

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of problem solving instruction on 126 middle school students’ learning of physical science in terms of their scientific knowledge, scientific concept dependent reasoning and problem solving ability. This study used a quasi-experiment with one factorial design of instructional approaches (problem solving and traditional hands-on learning). Sixty-one students participated in problem solving while sixty-five students participated in traditional hands-on learning. Results indicate that the problem solving group significantly outperformed the traditional hands-on learning group for both immediate and retaining effect, regardless of scientific knowledge, scientific concept dependent reasoning and scientific problem solving abilities. The regression results also indicated that the scientific concept dependent reasoning test is the best predictor for scientific problem solving ability, followed by scientific knowledge itself. Our study demonstrates that students’ scientific knowledge, reasoning and problem solving all are successfully improved after receiving six weeks scientific problem solving.
Orbitally Driven Spin-Singlet Dimerization inS=1La4Ru2O10 (2006)

Using x-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Ru-L2,3 edge we reveal that the Ru4+ ions remain in the S=1 spin state across the rare 4d-orbital ordering transition and spin-gap formation. We find using local spin density approximation + Hubbard U band structure calculations that the crystal fields in the low-temperature phase are not strong enough to stabilize the S=0 state. Instead, we identify a distinct orbital ordering with a significant anisotropy of the antiferromagnetic exchange couplings. We conclude that La4Ru2O10 appears to be a novel material in which the orbital physics drives the formation of spin-singlet dimers in a quasi-two-dimensional S=1 system.
Local convertibility of the ground state of the perturbed toric code (2014)

We present analytical and numerical studies of the behavior of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-Renyi entropies in the toric code in presence of several types of perturbations aimed at studying the simulability of these perturbations to the parent Hamiltonian using local operations and classical communications (LOCC)---a property called local convertibility. In particular, the derivatives, with respect to the perturbation parameter, present different signs for different values of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ within the topological phase. From the information-theoretic point of view, this means that such ground states cannot be continuously deformed within the topological phase by means of catalyst assisted local operations and classical communications (LOCC). Such LOCC differential convertibility is on the other hand always possible in the trivial disordered phase. The non-LOCC convertibility is remarkable because it can be computed on a system whose size is independent of correlation length. This method can therefore constitute an experimentally feasible witness of topological order.