gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technology Review: Molecular Approaches for Quantifying DNA Synthesis and Cell Proliferation During Rodent Bioassays (1991)

The induction of sustained, chemically-induced regenerative hyperplasia during rodent bioassays may result in carcinogenesis. Hence, accurate measurement of replicative DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in putative target organs during acute and subchronic assays will aid in dose selection for chronic studies; and assessment of cell proliferation rates during chronic bioassays will aid in the interpretation of results and in risk assessment. Histopathology is the traditional method for assessing hyperplasia and will continue to be of paramount importance. However, quantitative molecular approaches for assessing rates of DNA synthesis and mitogenesis in many cases extend and complement histopathological examinations. Three of these methodologies, incorporation of radiolabeled thymidine into DNA, incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into DNA, and measurement of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, are discussed in this review. Also, a relatively new technology, the use of flow cytometry to measure the incorporation or binding of fluorescent dyes, is discussed. The theoretical basis and applications for each of the procedures are discussed and the advantages and disadvantages of each are outlined. The method of choice depends upon the objectives of the experiment, the tissues to be examined, and the availability of specialized instrumentation. Molecular quantitation of mitogenesis is expected to assume an increasingly prominent role in the conduct and interpretation of rodent bioassays.
Absence of ferromagnetism in Mn- and Co-doped ZnO (2004)

Following the theoretical predictions of ferromagnetism in Mn- and Co-doped ZnO, several workers reported ferromagnetism in thin films as well as in bulk samples of these materials. While some observe room-temperature ferromagnetism, others find magnetization at low temperatures. Some of the reports, however, cast considerable doubt on the magnetism of Mn- and Co-doped ZnO. In order to conclusively establish the properties of Mn- and Co-doped ZnO, samples with 6 percent and 2 percent dopant concentrations, have been prepared by the low-temperature decomposition of acetate solid solutions. The samples have been characterized by x-ray diffraction, EDAX and spectroscopic methods to ensure that the dopants are substitutional. All the Mn- and Co-doped ZnO samples (prepared at 400 deg C and 500 deg C) fail to show ferromagnetism. Instead, their magnetic properties are best described by a Curie-Weiss type behavior. It appears unlikely that these materials would be useful for spintronics, unless additional carriers are introduced by some means.
A1123. EARLY RESULTS OF THE POSTERIOR CRUCIATE REFERENCING TECHNIQUE AND POSTERIOR SLOPED TIBIAL INSERTS ON TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY (2011)

Introduction: The Posterior Cruciate Referencing Technique (PCRT) for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) uses innovative instrumentation and tibial inserts with varying posterior slopes, and is designed to maximize motion and stability in cruciate-retaining knees, while preserving bone and ligament integrity. This study evaluated early clinical results for this technique. Methods: An IRB-approved, retrospective, single-site, single-surgeon study was conducted in 2009. 50 patients were put into two groups: Group 1 included patients undergoing CR TKA using standard technique and implants and Group 2 included patients undergoing CR TKA using PCRT. Demographics, surgical time, length of stay (LOS), range of motion, and Oxford Knee Scores (OKS) were collected. Results: Data sets were complete on 41 patients. Follow-up averaged 14 months for Group 1 and nine months for group 2. Both groups had a mean age of 66.4, were 51% female, and had an average BMI of 30.6. LOS was 1.25 days for Group 1 and 1 day for Group2 (p=0.011). Surgical time was 48 minutes for Group 1 and 46 minutes for Group 2 (p=0.184). Average flexion was 118° for Group 1 and 123° for Group 2 (p=0.073). OK S were 92–94% good and excellent with a mean of 20.4 for both groups. Conclusions: The learning curve for PCRT and the associated instrumentation and implants did not adversely affect clinical results. Instead, the data indicated a small savings in surgical time and a moderate, but not statistically significant, increase in flexion. LOS, however, was significantly shortened. PCRT may allow for better PCL function while preserving bone and reducing surgical manipulation, and with tibial inserts of varying posterior slopes may improve flexion, stability, and function in CR TKA. Further study is warranted.
Why is image quality assessment so difficult? (2002)

Image quality assessment plays an important role in various image processing applications. A great deal of effort has been made in recent years to develop objective image quality metrics that correlate with perceived quality measurement. Unfortunately, only limited success has been achieved. In this paper, we provide some insights on why image quality assessment is so difficult by pointing out the weaknesses of the error sensitivity based framework, which has been used by most image quality assessment approaches in the literature. Furthermore, we propose a new philosophy in designing image quality metrics: The main function of the human eyes is to extract structural information from the viewing field, and the human visual system is highly adapted for this purpose. Therefore, a measurement of structural distortion should be a good approximation of perceived image distortion. Based on the new philosophy, we implemented a simple but effective image quality indexing algorithm, which is very promising as shown by our current results.
PHA Production from Cheese Whey and “Scotta”: Comparison between a Consortium and a Pure Culture of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (2021)

It is urgent to expand the market of biodegradable alternatives to oil-derived plastics owing to (i) increasingly limited oil availability/accessibility, and (ii) the dramatic impact of traditional plastics on aquatic life, the food chain, all Earth ecosystems, and ultimately, human health. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising biodegradable polymers that can be obtained through microbial fermentation of agro-industrial byproducts, e.g., milk and cheese whey. Here, the PHA-accumulating efficiency of a mixed microbial culture (MMC, derived from activated sludges) grown on dairy byproducts (cheese and scotta whey) was measured. Bioreactor tests featuring temperature and pH control showed that both scotta and pre-treated Toma cheese whey could be used for PHA production by MMC, although scotta cheese whey supported higher PHA yield and productivity. The advantages of open MMCs include their plasticity and versatility to fast changing conditions; furthermore, no growth-medium sterilization is needed prior to fermentation. However, the use of pure cultures of efficient PHA producers may support better metabolic performances. Therefore, PHA-producing strains were isolated from a MMC, leading to the satisfactory identification of two bacterial strains, <i>Citrobacter freundii</i> and <i>Leuconostoc</i> spp., whose ability to accumulate PHAs in synthetic media was confirmed. A more detailed investigation by mass spectrometry revealed that the strain was <i>L. mesenteroides</i>. Although the validation of <i>L. mesenteroides</i> potential to produce PHA through fermentation of agro-industrial byproducts requires further investigations, this is the first study reporting PHA production with the <i>Leuconostoc</i> genus.
Apoptosis Induced By Low-Concentration Ethanol In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Strains And Down-Regulated Afp And Survivin Analysis By Proteomic Technology (2010)

Ethanol is generally used as a therapeutic reagent against Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC or hepatoma) worldwide, as it can induce Hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis at low concentration through a multifactorial process regulated by several unknown proteins. This paper provides a simple and available proteomic strategy for exploring differentially expressed proteins in the apoptotic pathway. The appropriate concentrations of ethanol required to induce HepG2 cell apoptosis were first assessed by MTT assay, Gisma and fluorescence staining. Next, the central proteins involved in the apoptosis pathway processs were determined using 2D-PAGE, SDS-PAGE, and bio-software analysis. Finally the downregulation of two proteins, AFP and survivin, were determined by immunocytochemistry and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) technology. The simple, useful method demonstrated here provides a new approach to proteomic analysis in key bio-regulating process including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity and metastasis.
Mechanical modeling and experimental observations of toughened rigid rigid polymer alloys. (1988)

The feasibility of the rigid-rigid polymer toughening concept is established using the well-known rubber toughening concept, two-dimensional FEM (2-D FEM) simulations, classical closed-form solutions, and a commercial polyamide 6,6/polyphenylene oxide (PA/PPO) alloy system. The results obtained from the 2-D FEM work suggest that if the rigid toughener phase polymer possesses either (1) 60% higher or lower elastic modulus (under uniaxial tension) compared with the matrix, or (2) smaller yield (or crazing) strain than, but comparable yielding stress to, the matrix, then, a sufficient stress concentration around the toughener phase will arise and cause the matrix to undergo localized shear deformation. These results hold only for the uniaxial or biaxial loading conditions. With the aid of the well-developed rubber toughening theory and Dewey's 3-D elastic closed-form solutions, the mechanical analyses of the two-phase alloy have been extended to the 3-D case. The mechanical response of the two-phase alloy in front of the crack tip is studied, i.e., under the triaxial loading condition. The effect of interfacial adhesion as well as the inclusion cavitational strength in polymer toughening, using toughened polycarbonate systems, are also discussed. Several experimental approaches have been conducted to study the PA/PPO system. Among them, the double-notch four-point-bending technique has been found to be extremely useful for the underst and ing of the toughening mechanisms in multi-phase polymer alloys. In the PA/PPO system, we have observed that a crazed zone, forms ahead of the crack tip. This crazed zone then transforms into the shear yielded zone as the crack propagates through. Consequently, the triaxial tension is relieved, and the localized shear b and formation of the PA matrix is triggered by the yielded PPO particles. A toughened rigid-rigid polymer alloy is therefore obtained. The PA/PPO experiment provides support for the applicability of the criteria obtained from the 2-D FEM work for the selection of rigid polymer pairs. In addition, Yee's rubber toughening theory, which can be mechanically verified by Dewey's elastic closed-form solutions, is found to be consistent with the toughening mechanisms of the PA/PPO alloy. The feasibility of the rigid-rigid polymer toughening concept is thus justified.
Myocardial Reperfusion Injury: Insights Gained from Gene-Targeted Mice (2000)

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury involves activation of multiple cell types, including leukocytes and endothelial cells. The pursuant inflammation involves diminished nitric oxide production, influx of neutrophils, and myocardial cell injury. Gene-targeted animals provide important clues about the progression of this inflammatory cascade.
Hearing you loud and clear: The student voice as a driver for curriculum change in a chemical engineering degree course (WIP) (2019)

A curriculum review can be an intricate and arduous process, made more complex due to a myriad of interwoven threads that inform the curriculum. This is often the case in chemical engineering due in part to the accommodation of employer expectations, requirements from accreditation bodies and the multidisciplinary, integrative nature of an engineering degree which depends on students acquiring a wide range of attributes, and which focuses on application and relevancy [1], [2]. In this paper, we present our efforts to review the chemical engineering curricula at a research-intensive higher education institution (HEI)in the UK. This review is being orchestrated by institutional managers to ensure that programmes of study throughout the HEI better reflect student needs and expectations and adhere to a recently revised institutional teaching and learning strategy. This review is also driven by a recognition that the student body has changed with traditional modes of teaching seemingly outdated and ineffective. For example, it has previously been suggested that one of the greatest obstacles to overcome with respect to creating the right type of education for chemical engineers, does not arise from external drivers, but in recognising and responding to internal factors –amounting to fundamental pedagogical shifts in learner behaviour and expectation[1].
End-point detection by sputtered neutral mass spectrometry in ion milling of prepatterned semiconductor and high-T c superconductor films (1994)

We explore the use of sputtered neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS) for semiconductor and superconductor device processing. SNMS allows us to precisely determine the end point at interfaces during sputter etching of prepatterned semiconductor and superconductor thin films. By postionizing the sputtered neutrals the detection sensitivity is similar for all elements. The dynamic range of up to three orders of magnitude makes precise end-point detection possible even if the mask allows sputter etching of only a small fraction of the surface of the specimen.
Importance of substrate roughness for in vitro sun protection Assessment (2007)

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the influence of plate roughness on well‐known absolute or relative UV spectroscopic indices such as the in vitro SPF, in vitro UVA PF (PPD), UVA/UVB ratio, critical wavelength and SPF/UVA PF (PPD) ratio. Firstly, a roughness index was measured by non‐contact surface topography analysis on different PMMA plates, which are available today on the European market. A large difference between maximum and minimum plate roughness values could be measured ranging from 1.88 to 6.76 μm. Then, the PMMA plates were grouped into five different roughness classes. To measure the different spectroscopic indices, the same sunscreen preparation was applied at the same amount rate (1 mg cm –2 ) to each of the selected plates. Large differences were noted for the absolute in vitro indices SPF and UVA PF (PPD), with the SPF varying in one instance from 13.5 to 40.7. On the other hand, the relative absorbance indices UVA/UVB ratio and critical wavelength showed a small but significant variation in relation to roughness. The SPF/UVA PF (PPD) ratio index based on the direct in vitro values was found to be very sensitive to roughness variation. However, adjusting the UV absorbance curve to reach equality between the in vitro SPF and in vivo SPF is a recognized and efficient mathematical process to limit the variation. All these results can be interpreted using the irregular sunscreen film theory. Mathematical developments can be achieved by modelling the height distribution with a gamma function.
Low-power digital signal processing via dynamic algorithm transformations (DAT) (2002)

We have proposed dynamic algorithm transformations (DAT) for low power VLSI signal processing. The principle behind DAT is that the conventional signal processing system designed for the worst-case is not optimum (from energy viewpoint) for the nominal and the best cases. Therefore, significant energy savings can be achieved by optimally reconfiguring the hardware in these situations. The reconfiguration strategies are derived by solving an optimization problem with energy as the objective function, and a constraint on the SNR. In this paper, we present reconfiguration strategies for a system comprising of multiple adaptive filters. An example is 155.52 Mb/s ATM-LAN transceiver, where two adaptive filters-namely near-end crosstalk canceller and fractionally spaced equalizer are employed. The input variabilities for this example are due to the different cable lengths at various locations. Simulation results indicate that energy savings range from 0%-85% for cable lengths ranging from 110 m to 40 m. On an average 69% energy savings are achieved.
Collaboration in a Local Hydrogen Cluster in Germany (2010)

According to Michael Porter [1] a Cluster "is a geographically proximate group of interconnected companies and associated institutions in a particular field, linked by commonalities and complementarities".As the sum of its parts is of greater value than each individual company or institution (e.g.clusters create synergy).As Feldman [2] points out cluster formation is a process that relies on the coevolution of technology, business models and local supporting institutions.Clusters have the potential to improve competitiveness (which results in improved productivity) in three ways: (1) they improve productivity through improved access to specialized suppliers, skills and information.(2) Innovation is given more importance as the need for improvement in processes of production is highlighted and (3) once established, clusters tend to grow as a result of the creation of new firms and the entrance of new suppliers.
Photogrammetric Application Of Moire Fringes Produced With A Parallel Beam Of Light (1979)

The use of moire interference fringes in biostereometrical applications has the advantage that contour fringes on the surface of an object are visible to the unaided eye and that these fringes may be recorded photographically. The movement of such fringes as would accompany the motion of the human body can be recorded by movie or video camera when the fringes are used to study human subjects. One of the limitations of this moire method using noncollimated light is that the value of the contour interval increases with the increase of the order number of the fringes as counted from the grating. To overcome this limitation, a new moire technique using parallel light has been developed. An optical system, which includes a field lens, provides the parallel light which makes it possible to obtain equal valued contour intervals, independent of fringe order. Any desired contour interval is obtained by choosing a grating with suitable pitch and/or an appropriate angle of incidence for the parallel light at the grating. Analogue data from the moire pattern is automatically fed into the central processing unit of a computer by means of a TV camera and an A/D converter. Examples of the line printer output of this conversion system are given.
Participation of Oligomerization through C-Terminal D Domain Region of Sp1 in DNA Binding. (1998)

Transcription factor Sp1 is a Cys2His2-type zinc finger protein that specifically binds to GC-boxes on numerous viral and cellular genes. In this study, we prepared several Sp1 mutant peptides Sp1 (530-696) containing zinc finger region and the domain D, and Sp1 (530--623) containing only zinc finger region, and then investigated the participation of the C-terminal domain D of Sp1 for GC-box binding. Gel mobility shift assays demonstrate that Sp1 (530--696) evidently shows DNA-binding modes different from Spl (530--623) and that the Sp1 mutant containing the domain D self-interacts directly. Domain D may play an important role in the synergistic activation of Sp1 by the stacking of tetramers. A novel model for Sp1 oligomerization has also been proposed.
Effect of hydrogen on surface roughening during Si homoepitaxial growth (1993)

Hydrogen is shown to have a strong influence on the evolution of surface morphology during low temperature (310 °C) Si(100) homoepitaxy. Molecular beam epitaxy growth in the presence of deuterium shows a surface roughness within the epitaxial film that increases rapidly until the Si film exhibits a crystalline to amorphous transition. The rate at which the surface roughens depends critically on the partial pressure of deuterium. Although the kinetics of growth are sensitive to small pressures (4×10−8 Torr) of D, it appears that the breakdown of epitaxy does not result from a ‘‘critical’’ D concentration at the surface. This work suggests that the crystalline to amorphous transition, instead, results from increased roughening during epitaxy.
Combined endoscopic and laparoscopic en bloc resection of the urachus and the bladder dome in a rare case of urachal carcinoma (2007)

Urachal carcinoma is a rare neoplasm treated with surgical resection. We report a case of adenocarcinoma of the urachus treated with a new surgical technique. In a 44-year-old man affected by urachal carcinoma we performed a combined endoscopic-laparoscopic surgical en bloc resection of the urachus and bladder dome. The procedure lasted 240 min, and no postoperative complications were recorded. The patient was discharged on fourth day and the catheter was removed on eighth day. Bladder capability resulted normal with no evident physical change. Multiple bladder biopsy and computed tomography scans at 6, 12 and 18 months proved negative.
Free Space Wavelength Division Multiplexing Around 1550 nm Using PQ:PMMA Transmission Holograms (2021)

We demonstrate PQ:PMMA transmission holograms for free space wavelength division multiplexing around 1550 nm, which can be used in free-space communication systems that require eye-safe lasers. The wavelength can be customized during fabrication.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Expression Predicts a Poor Response to Primary Chemoendocrine Therapy and Disease-Free Survival in Primary Human Breast Cancer (2006)

HIF-1alpha expression in patients with breast cancer is a marker of poor therapy response and outcome, especially in ER-positive patients. The combination of two hypoxia markers has greater utility than assessing just one, and patients with hypoxia markers in their tumors may be suitable for administration of drugs that reduce HIF-1alpha expression and increase oxygen delivery to the tumor bed before starting neoadjuvant therapies.
DAnCER: Disease-Annotated Chromatin Epigenetics Resource (2010)

Chromatin modification (CM) is a set of epigenetic processes that govern many aspects of DNA replication, transcription and repair. CM is carried out by groups of physically interacting proteins, and their disruption has been linked to a number of complex human diseases. CM remains largely unexplored, however, especially in higher eukaryotes such as human. Here we present the DAnCER resource, which integrates information on genes with CM function from five model organisms, including human. Currently integrated are gene functional annotations, Pfam domain architecture, protein interaction networks and associated human diseases. Additional supporting evidence includes orthology relationships across organisms, membership in protein complexes, and information on protein 3D structure. These data are available for 962 experimentally confirmed and manually curated CM genes and for over 5000 genes with predicted CM function on the basis of orthology and domain composition. DAnCER allows visual explorations of the integrated data and flexible query capabilities using a variety of data filters. In particular, disease information and functional annotations are mapped onto the protein interaction networks, enabling the user to formulate new hypotheses on the function and disease associations of a given gene based on those of its interaction partners. DAnCER is freely available at http://wodaklab.org/dancer/.