gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Body fluids and electrolytes after prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (1964)

Fluid and electrolyte balance was studied in 21 dogs after partial heart-lung bypass of 10 hr duration. Water retention was demonstrated by an increase in body weight and total body water, primarily due to an increase in extracellular fluid. Electrolyte retention was suggested by an increase in total extracellular sodium, potassium, and chloride. Urinary output was relatively normal but a progressive drop in urinary specific gravity was observed during bypass. Blood p H remained essentially unchanged. However, an increase in plasma lactate and a decrease in plasma bicarbonate suggested some degree of hypoxia and metabolic acidosis at the cellular level. Altered hormonal regulation of sodium and water excretion, hemolysis secondary to blood trauma, and the exchange of intracellular potassium for extracellular hydrogen ions were considered possible explanation for the fluid and electrolyte changes observed. assisted circulation; heart-lung bypass; acid-base balance; fluid balance; extracorporeal circulation; electrolyte changes with partial bypass; membrane oxygenator; disc oxygenator; bubble oxygenator Submitted on June 20, 1963
A single-cell based hybrid neuronal network configured by integration of cell micropatterning and dynamic patch-clamp (2018)

We integrate cell micropatterning technology with dynamic clamp electrophysiology to realize a hybrid neuronal network of biological and computational neurons for investigating the effect of neuronal firing properties on the network function. A simple convergent neuronal network unit, consisting of three neurons connected in a two-input one-output architecture, is considered. We first show computationally that the output of the convergent unit changes from a logical AND gate-like state to an OR gate-like state with a minor perturbation in synaptic weight which is physiologically plausible. Then, using a hybrid network of a primary rat hippocampal neuron and model neurons, we demonstrate that this functional tuning can be physically embedded. The nonlinearity of neuronal activation underlies the ability to abruptly switch between the two output states, which is also verified by conductance modulation experiments. Our work demonstrates that dynamic clamp technology extends the constructive approach using cell micropatterning for investigating the cellular mechanisms of signal processing within well-defined neuronal networks.
High resolution16O(γ*,π−p)experiment (1998)

The reaction ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}({\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{*},{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p)$ was studied with high energy resolution in the region of the \ensuremath{\Delta} resonance at the AmPS facility of NIKHEF. Photoproduction cross sections were extracted for ${1p}_{1/2}$ and ${1p}_{3/2}$ neutrons in ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ and the resulting pion and proton angular distributions are compared to model calculations by Lee, Wright, and Bennhold. The proton angular distributions are well described by the nonlocal version of the model and allow one to extract rms radii and spectroscopic factors for the ${1p}_{1/2}$ and ${1p}_{3/2}$ neutron shells. The same calculations are in fair agreement with the pion angular distributions.
Acidification of epididymal fluid in the boar (1990)

The present study describes the measurement of pH made in vivo in the rete testis fluid and in different regions of the boar epididymis. Furthermore, samples of whole ejaculates, semen fractions, testicular (ductuli efferents/rete testis), epididymal and deferential fluids collected from the same fertile boars, were analysed for their acid/base status with an automatic blood gas analyser. A pH gradient of activity was found between the fluid entering the ductus epididymis (pH 7.2) and the region of sperm storage at the cauda (pH 6.5). A significantly lower concentration of bicarbonate ion was found in the cauda epididymidis (3-4 mM) compared to rete testis fluid (30 mM), which might be related to the quiescence of the spermatozoa. A significant increase in extracellular pH and bicarbonate concentration occurred at ejaculation, the bicarbonate levels being 9-10-fold higher in the semen fraction rich in seminal vesicle fluid, where sperm showed higher motility, than in the cauda epididymis.
Permeation Pattern and Removal Efficiency of Chemical Components Using 3 Types of Trenches Wastewater Treatment (1990)

内部に火山灰ロームを充填した縦1m, 横2m, 高さ1.5mのライシメーター内にG, CおよびE型トレンチを埋設し, 汚水の浸透形態, 蒸発散量および土壌による処理効果等ついて検討した。得られた主な結果は以下のとおりである。1) トレンチ内の水位低下速度は, G, CおよびE型の順にそれぞれ11, 4.0および1.7mm・mim-1であった。2) ライシメーターからの浸透水流出率は, G, CおよびE型の順にそれぞれ96.6, 84.2および73.8%であった。3) E型トレンチでは, 夏期を除き地表へのいっ水がみられた。4) 平均蒸発散量は, G, CおよびE型トレンチの順にそれぞれ5.1, 6.4および11.7mm・d-1であった。5) 汚水のBOD, CODおよびTP除去率は, いずれのトレンチにおいても概ね90%以上を示した。6) 汚水のTN除去率は, いずれのトレンチにおいても低く27.4～42.5%であった。
Effects of Low Phytate Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on Zinc Utilization in Young Broiler Chicks (2007)

Two 21-d experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of low phytate barley (LPB) on Zn utilization by young broiler chicks and to determine the contribution of endogenous phytase, present in LPB. In the first experiment, ninety-six 1-d-old male chicks were assigned to a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (4 pens of 4 chicks/treatment). Factors were barley type [wild-type barley (WTB) and LPB mutant M 955] and supplemental Zn (0, 10, or 20 mg of Zn/kg). In the second experiment, two hundred forty 1-d-old straight-run broiler chicks were assigned to a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (4 pens of 5 chicks/treatment). Factors were barley type (WTB and LPB), autoclave treatment [nonautoclaved or autoclaved (121 degrees C, 20 kg/cm(2), 20 min)], and supplemental Zn (0, 10 or 20 mg of Zn/kg). Barley made up 60% of the diets and was the only source of phytate. On average, basal diets contained 26 mg of Zn/kg. Feed intake and body weight gain were greater (P < 0.05) in broilers fed LPB compared with WTB in experiment 2. Zinc concentration in toes and tibias were affected (P < 0.0001) by barley type (LPB > WTB) and supplemented Zn levels (20 > 10 > 0 mg of Zn/kg), and significant barley type x Zn interactions were also observed in both experiments. Substitution of LPB for WTB increased tibia and toe Zn by 46 and 25%, respectively, an increase comparable to that achieved with supplementing the diet with 20 mg of Zn/kg. No effect of autoclaving was observed for any variable in experiment 2. Retention of P and Zn was higher (P < 0.001) in chicks fed LPB compared with WTB in both experiments. Zinc retention was influenced (P < 0.0001) by dietary Zn, and barley type x Zn level interactions (P < 0.05) were observed in both experiments. Chicks fed LPB utilized more dietary Zn and P than those fed WTB, and this improved mineral utilization was not due to endogenous phytase present in barley.
Binary Hypothesis Testing (2018)

This book is a mathematically accessible and up-to-date introduction to the tools needed to address modern inference problems in engineering and data science, ideal for graduate students taking courses on statistical inference and detection and estimation, and an invaluable reference for researchers and professionals. With a wealth of illustrations and examples to explain the key features of the theory and to connect with real-world applications, additional material to explore more advanced concepts, and numerous end-of-chapter problems to test the reader's knowledge, this textbook is the 'go-to' guide for learning about the core principles of statistical inference and its application in engineering and data science. The password-protected solutions manual and the image gallery from the book are available online.
A Novel Method of Arylation of α-Chloroketones (1994)

Abstract α-Arylated ketones were obtained in moderate to good yields by one-step electroreductive coupling of α-chloroketones and arylhalides in DMF and in the presence of a Al- or Zn-sacrificial anode and a catalytic amount of a nickel complex.
Efficient β-alkylation of secondary alcohols to α-substituted ketones catalyzed by functionalized Ir complexes via borrowing hydrogen in water (2022)

Highly efficient and selective alkylation via borrowing hydrogen in water was achieved with a functional Ir complex bearing an amidate ligand. The significant cooperation effect of the ligand on the high efficiency and selectivity was demonstrated.
Drying Kinetics of Grape Stalk (2006)

Grape stalk may be considered as an agro-food byproduct of the wine industry, being considered as a potential source of antioxidant compounds. Actually, before the extraction of antioxidants a previous stage of drying would be necessary. Stalks obtained from a red wine processing (Vitis vinifera var. Bobal) were characterized as a cylinder net with different size ending in spheres. The average diameters and mass fractions of the individual parts of the stalk were measured: spheres (4.4±0.7 mm and 0.352 mass fraction), large cylinders (3.3±0.6 mm and 0.204 mass fraction), intermediate cylinders (2.1±0.4 mm and 0.294 mass fraction) and small cylinders (1.1±0.3 mm and 0.150 mass fraction). Drying kinetics of each one of the parts of the stalk were carried out at 40 °C and 2 m/s using an initial mass load of 30 g. Furthermore, drying experiments of the whole stalk were conducted at the same experimental conditions. Different diffusion models were considered to predict the drying kinetics for each one of the individual parts of the stalk according to the geometry considered. A diffusion model for the whole stalk was developed by adding the individual diffusion models weighed by the corresponding mass fractions. The diffusion models considered fitted properly the drying kinetics of the individual parts considered on the stalk. The figures of the effective moisture diffusivity identified for the different kinds of cylinders were close (1.07-1.78 10-11 m2/s), however, the spheres showed a different behavior characterized by a significantly higher figure of effective moisture diffusivity (3.92 10-8 m2/s). Finally, the usefulness of the model considered to describe the drying kinetics of the whole stalks was shown.
Poly(9,9-dialkyl-3,6-dibenzosilole)—a high energy gap host for phosphorescent light emitting devices (2005)

The preparation of the 3,6-disubstituted dibenzosilole monomers , and by two different routes is described; Suzuki copolymerisation afforded poly(9,9-dioctyl-3,6-dibenzosilole) which has a sufficiently high triplet energy (2.55 eV) to function as a host for green electrophosphorescent emitters.
Similar Loss of Executive Function Performance after Exposure to Low (10 cGy) Doses of Single (4He) Ions and the Multi-Ion GCRSim Beam (2022)

While astronauts are trained to deal with multiple issues that they are likely to encounter during a mission, it is likely that some problems will arise that astronauts have no direct experience in resolving. During International Space Station (ISS) missions, astronauts can rely on Mission Control to help resolve complex problems, however during the long-duration space missions planned to the Moon and Mars, astronauts will have to act more autonomously, thus the ability of astronauts to conduct executive function will be critical for problem solving during deep space missions. Several studies have shown that exposure to space radiation results in decreased executive function performance. However, to date these studies have used single ions, whereas there is a complex mixture of ion species and energies within the space-radiation spectrum that astronauts will be exposed to. Thus, there is some concern that the neurocognitive impairments reported from single ion studies will not be representative of the severity, frequency or nature of cognitive deficits that arise following exposure to more complex space-radiation spectra. The current study has determined the relative impact that isodoses of He ions or the simplified 6-ion-galactic cosmic ray simulation (GCRSim) beams had on the performance of male Wistar rats in executive function tasks, attentional set shifting (ATSET) task and unconstrained cognitive flexibility (UCFlex). Exposure to 10 cGy GCRSim induced performance deficits in the simple discrimination (SD) stage of the ATSET task, which appears to be universally impacted by all space-radiation ions studied to date. The magnitude of the SD performance decrements in the GCRSim-irradiated rats were comparable to those observed in He-irradiated rats. Importantly, space-radiation exposure does not appear to decrease the ability of rats to identify the key cues in the ATSET task, but increased the time/number of iterations required to successfully find the solution. Practice effect (PE) analysis (comparing prescreen to the postirradiation SD performance) revealed that while the sham-treated rats completed the second ATSET task in 30% less time than they did the prescreen ATSET test (despite the perceptual domain of the relevant (rewarded) cue being changed), the space-radiation-exposed rats took 50% longer to do so. The space-radiation-induced delay in problem solving was not confined to the ATSET task, but was also observed when rats were screened for UCFlex performance. Should similar changes occur in astronauts, these data raise the possibility that space-radiation exposure would reduce in-flight improvement in performance in repetitive tasks (PE) and may lead to a reduced ability to utilize transitive inference from "similar" problems to solve issues that have not been previously encountered.
Planetary giant impacts: convergence of high-resolution simulations using efficient spherical initial conditions and swift (2019)

ABSTRACT We perform simulations of giant impacts on to the young Uranus using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) with over 100 million particles. This 100–1000 × improvement in particle number reveals that simulations with below 107 particles fail to converge on even bulk properties such as the post-impact rotation period, or on the detailed erosion of the atmosphere. Higher resolutions appear to determine these large-scale results reliably, but even 108 particles may not be sufficient to study the detailed composition of the debris – finding that almost an order of magnitude more rock is ejected beyond the Roche radius than with 105 particles. We present two software developments that enable this increase in the feasible number of particles. First, we present an algorithm to place any number of particles in a spherical shell such that they all have an SPH density within 1 per cent of the desired value. Particles in model planets built from these nested shells have a root-mean-squared velocity below 1 per cent of the escape speed, which avoids the need for long precursor simulations to produce relaxed initial conditions. Secondly, we develop the hydrodynamics code sph with interdependent fine-grained tasking(swift) for planetary simulations. swift uses task-based parallelism and other modern algorithmic approaches to take full advantage of contemporary supercomputer architectures. Both the particle placement code and swift are publicly released.
Planar Bragg Grating Sensor for the Detection of CFC-11 (2018)

We demonstrate the fabrication of a highly sensitive opto-chemical sensor system based on cyclodextrin derivative functionalized planar Bragg gratings for an online in-situ detection and measurement of the environmentally harmful propellant trichlorofluoromethane in real-time.
Optimization of resist shrink techniques for contact hole and metal trench ArF lithography at the 90-nm technology node (2004)

Two fundamentally different approaches for chemical ArF resist shrinkage are evaluated and integrated into process flows for 90 nm technology node. The chemical shrink and the corresponding gain in process window is studied in detail for different resist types with respect to CD uniformity through pitch, linearity and resist profiles. For both, SAFIER and RELACS material, the sensitivity of the shrink process with respect to the baking temperature is characterized by a temperature matrix to check process stability, and optimized conditions are found offering an acceptable amount of shrinkage at contact and trench levels. For the SAFIER material, thermal flow contributes to the chemical shrink which is a function of the photoresist chemistry and its hydrodynamic properties depending on the resists’ glass transition temperature (Tg) and the baking temperature: at baking temperatures close to Tg, a proximity and pattern dependent shrink is observed. For a given resist, line-space patterns and contact holes shrink differently, and their resist profiles are affected significantly. Additionally, the chemical shrinkage depends on the size of contact holes and resist profile prior to the application of the SAFIER process. At baking temperatures below Tg some resists exhibit no shrink at all. The RELACS technique offers a constant shrink for contacts at various pitches and sizes. This shrink can be moderately adjusted and controlled by varying the mixing bake temperature which is generally and preferably below the glass transistion temperature of the resist, therefore no resist profile degradation is observed. A manufacturable process with a shrink of 20nm using RELACS at the contact layer is demonstrated. Utilizing an increased reticle bias in combination with an increased CD target prior to the chemical shrink, the common lithography process window at contact layer was increased by 0.15um. The results also indicate a possibility for an extension of the shrink to greater than 50nm for more advanced processes.
A 350nA voltage regulator for 90nm CMOS digital circuits with Reverse-Body-Bias (2011)

An ultra-low power CMOS 90nm Reverse-Body-Bias generator is proposed to reduce digital circuit leakage. A Switched-Capacitor-Converter (SCC) and a Low-Drop-Out regulator generate Pwell and Nwell voltages, respectively. It can supply digital circuits up to 4mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> while occupying 0.02mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Its nominal current consumption is 348nA. Pulse-train control provides wide output current range, and process and temperature compensation without sacrifying efficiency. The SCC achieves a best-in-class efficiency of 52% at 100nA load including the control loop.
A Low-Cost Super 8 Duplicator with Simultaneous Magnetic Sound Transfer (1981)

A super 8 duplicator has been developed as a new approach to making copies of super 8 sound films. The approach is appropriate for in-house, low-volume (1 to 10 copies) production of training or educational films. This continuous, one-to-one, optical duplicator transfers both sound and picture in one operation. A common-shaft sprocket drive synchronously paces the print film with the original film. Two basic optical approaches were examined: use of two matched lenses and an intermediate screen (in a projector-screen-camera arrangement); and use of a single lens with mirrors for direct image transfer. Separate magnetic sound heads contact both the original and the prestriped print film to transfer sound during printing. Overall printing color balance is adjusted by use of subtractive color filters placed in front of the tungsten-halogen light source. A prototype version of this printer has proved its ability to produce quality super 8 sound duplicate prints in a single operation.
Icariin, an Anti-atherosclerotic Drug from Chinese Medicinal Herb Horny Goat Weed (2017)

Icariin is a major bioactive pharmaceutical constituent isolated from Chinese medicine Horny Goat Weed (Ying Yang Huo) with potent cardiovascular protective functions. Emerging evidence in the past decade has shown that Icariin possesses multiple atheroprotective functions, through multiple mechanisms, including attenuating DNA damage, correcting endothelial dysfunction, inhibiting the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells, repressing macrophage-derived foam cell formation and inflammatory responses, as well as preventing platelet activation. All of these protective effects, combined with its lipid-modulatory effects, contribute to the broad atheroprotective effects of Icariin. In this review, we will summarize the anti-atherosclerotic properties of Icariin and highlight future perspectives in developing Icariin as a promising anti-atherosclerotic drug.
Influence of Crystal Thickness and Topological Constraints on Chain Diffusion in Linear Polyethylene (2009)

(13) C solid-state exchange NMR is applied to study the influence of morphology on chain diffusion between crystalline and noncrystalline regions in ultrahigh molecular weight linear polyethylene (PE). Lamellar-doubling reduces the exchange rate by a factor of two indicating that the chain diffusion coefficient is largely independent of the lamellar thickness. This is discussed in terms of molecular processes in the crystallites leading to chain diffusion, confirming that the role of defects is minor compared to helical jumps of extended stems. Hindrance of the chain diffusion resulting from chain entanglements was only observed after the chains diffuse over long distances. Moreover, the role of the interphase between the noncrystalline and the crystalline regions on chain diffusion is discussed.
Alleles 308A and 238A in the Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Gene Promoter Do Not Increase the Risk of Severe Malaria in Children with Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Mali (2006)

The hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) aggravates malaria in children is supported by observations that TNF polymorphisms and high TNF levels have been associated with cerebral malaria. Nevertheless, severe malaria was not associated with polymorphisms located at positions -308A and -238A in the TNF alpha gene promoter or with a high TNF level in plasma in children from Bamako, Mali.
A Rapid, Simple, and Effective Method of Constructing a Randomly Mutagenized Plasmid Library Free from Ligation (2008)

The QuikChange site-directed mutagenesis methodology was applied to constructing a randomly mutagenized plasmid library simply by adding manganese to the reaction mixture. This method is superior to the normally employed Pol I-type polymerase-based error-prone PCR in that (i) it does not require a subsequent ligation reaction, and (ii) there is no accumulation of mutations at the same site. alpha-Complementation analysis and subsequent sequence analyses of the lacZ alpha genes in the mutated library revealed that the mutations occurred randomly within the target gene and involved all possible base substitutions.
Deep intronic variant in the ARSB gene as the genetic cause for Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome (MPS VI) (2021)

Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome (MPS-VI) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from an attenuated to a rapidly progressive disease. It is caused by variants in ARSB, which encodes the lysosomal arylsulfatase B (ARSB) enzyme, part of the degradation process of glycosaminoglycans in lysosomes. Over 220 variants have been reported so far, with a majority of missense variants. We hereby report two siblings of Bedouin origin with a diagnosis of MPS-VI. Western blots in patient fibroblasts revealed total absence of ARSB protein production. Complete sequencing of the coding region of ARSB did not identify a candidate disease-associated variant. However, deep sequencing of the noncoding region of ARSB by whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed a c.1142+581A to G variant. The variant is located within intron 5 and fully segregated with the disease in the family. Determination of the genetic cause for these patients enabled targeted treatment by enzyme replacement therapy, along with appropriate genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for the family. These results highlight the advantage of WGS as a powerful tool, for improving the diagnostic rate of rare disease-causing variants, and emphasize the importance of studying deep intronic sequence variation as a cause of monogenic disorders.