gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methods for Selective Modifications of Cyclodextrins (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethods for Selective Modifications of CyclodextrinsAbdul Rauf Khan, Peter Forgo, Keith J. Stine, and Valerian T. D'SouzaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriSt. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 5, 1977–1996Publication Date (Web):June 16, 1998Publication History Received25 November 1997Revised23 February 1998Published online16 June 1998Published inissue 30 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr970012bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr970012bresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10249Altmetric-Citations722LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Hydroxyls,Macrocyclic compounds,Oligosaccharides,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
On Transformation between Discretized Bernoulli and Tent Maps (2005)

In this paper, it is proved that there is a transformation between two types of nonlinear feedback shift register which can be regarded as implementation of the Bernoulli and tent maps with finite precision. This transformation can be interpreted as a sort of finite dimension version of topological conjugation between the Bernoulli and tent maps on continuous phase space. Several properties of periodic sequences generated from extended NFSRs are derived from the relation.
Mehr Rechtssicherheit für Unternehmen mit ausländischen Investitionen? Die erste justizielle Interpretation des Obersten Volksgerichts zu Unternehmen mit ausländischen Investitionen (2011)

Die auslandischen Investitionen in China sind trotz globaler Wirtschaftskrise erstaunlicherweise konstant geblieben. So sind zwar im Krisenjahr 2009 die Investitionsprojekte um fast 15% im Vergleich zu 2008 gesunken, allerdings verringerte sich die Investitionssumme nur um etwa 3,5%.3 Diese wirtschaftlich erfreuliche Nachricht tritt jedoch den sich standig zunehmenden Streitigkeiten im Bereich der Unternehmen mit auslandisch Investitionen entgegen. So betrug in den letzten Jahren der Anteil dieser Streitigkeiten 20% der gesamten zivilund handelsrechtlichen Streitigkeiten mit Auslandsbezug.4 Verantwortlich dafur sind etwa die Luckenhaftigkeit des geltenden Rechts uber Unternehmen mit auslandischen Investitionen5 sowie dessen Uneinheitlichkeit mit den ubrigen Rechtsnormen.
An ultra‐wideband bandpass filter using hybrid structure of microstrip and CPW (2009)

Abstract An ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter is proposed based on the hybrid structure of microstrip and coplanar waveguide (CPW). First, the detached‐mode resonator is formed on the CPW layer, which composes a quarter‐wavelength (λ/4) multiple‐mode resonator (MMR) with a short‐stub and a λ/4 single‐mode resonator. Then, two λ/4 microstrip open‐stubs on the top side of the common substrate are introduced for bandwidth enhancement to meet the UWB passband limit. Quasi‐elliptic function response and UWB operation are achieved. The simulated and measured results show an excellent agreement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2470–2473, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24658
Estimating Direct-to-Reverberant Energy Ratio Using D/R Spatial Correlation Matrix Model (2011)

We present a method for estimating the direct-to-reverberant energy ratio (DRR) that uses a direct and reverberant sound spatial correlation matrix model (Hereafter referred to as the spatial correlation model). This model expresses the spatial correlation matrix of an array input signal as two spatial correlation matrices, one for direct sound and one for reverberation. The direct sound propagates from the direction of the sound source but the reverberation arrives from every direction uniformly. The DRR is calculated from the power spectra of the direct sound and reverberation that are estimated from the spatial correlation matrix of the measured signal using the spatial correlation model. The results of experiment and simulation confirm that the proposed method gives mostly correct DRR estimates unless the sound source is far from the microphone array, in which circumstance the direct sound picked up by the microphone array is very small. The method was also evaluated using various scales in simulated and actual acoustical environments, and its limitations revealed. We estimated the sound source distance using a small microphone array, which is an example of application of the proposed DRR estimation method.
P1‐222: In vivo proton MRS biomarkers of geriatric Rhesus monkey brain show the gliosis and neuronal degeneration characteristic of human Alzheimer's disease (2008)

Geriatric non-human primates develop behavioral and brain anomalies similar to those that occur in aged humans and more commonly in persons with Alzheimer's disease. Since all geriatric monkeys (>24 years of age) exhibit amyloid deposits, congophilic angiopathy, and neuronal degeneration, our hypothesis was that geriatrics would have altered biochemical profiles consistent with neuronal degeneration and gliosis. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to explore age-related biomarkers in young adult versus geriatric Rhesus. MRS is a non-invasive, fully translatable technique allowing biochemical information to be obtained from an image-defined volume of tissue. All experiments were conducted on a Siemens Trio 3T scanner using a vendor-supplied extremity coil. The measured within-subject variability (∼8%) in a preliminary study was used to determine the sample size (n=7) required to reliably detect a 15% difference in metabolites with 90% statistical power. In vivo MRS was acquired for 8 geriatric and 8 young adult (< 15 yrs) Rhesus per Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using JMP 6.0. Associations between age and metabolite ratios, as well as interrelationships among ratios, were measured with Pearson correlation statistics. Rhesus geriatrics have significantly decreased NAA/tCr (1.37±0.11 vs. 1.61±0.17, p=0.003)*, increased mI/tCr (0.79±0.13 vs. 0.60±0.06, p=0.001)*, decreased tCho/tCr (0.35±0.07 vs. 0.43±0.05, p=0.01)* and decreased NAA/mI (1.77±0.27 vs. 2.71±0.40, p<0.0001)*. Pearson correlations show that NAA/tCr, mI/tCr, NAA/mI and tCho/tCr are highly correlated with age and that tCho/tCr is correlated with NAA/tCr and NAA/mI. When compared with human in vivo data in the literature, Rhesus metabolite ratios were similar, and metabolite ratio changes were consistent both in magnitude and direction with human control versus AD patient metabolite ratios. Since global brain atrophy associated with normal aging is not expected to alter metabolite ratios, the altered biochemical profiles of geriatric Rhesus suggest neuronal loss (NAA, ≈15%↓) and gliosis (mI, ≈30%↑) in the posterior cingulate. These changes correspond with neuropathological MRS biomarkers of human AD. Not only does this work represent the first of its kind in Rhesus, but the resultant biomarkers could prove valuable in the assessment of disease progression and therapy response.
Fluorogenic Strain‐Promoted Alkyne–Diazo Cycloadditions (2015)

Fluorogenic reactions, in which non- or weakly fluorescent reagents produce highly fluorescent products, are attractive for detecting a broad range of compounds in the fields of bioconjugation and material sciences. Herein, we report that a dibenzocyclooctyne derivative modified with a cyclopropenone moiety (Fl-DIBO) can undergo fast strain-promoted cycloaddition reactions under catalyst-free conditions with azides, nitrones, nitrile oxides, as well as mono- and disubstituted diazo-derivatives. Although the reaction with nitrile oxides, nitrones, and disubstituted diazo compounds gave cycloadducts with low quantum yield, monosubstituted diazo reagents produced 1H-pyrazole derivatives that exhibited an approximately 160-fold fluorescence enhancement over Fl-DIBO combined with a greater than 10,000-fold increase in brightness. Concluding from quantum chemical calculations, fluorescence quenching of 3H-pyrazoles, which are formed by reaction with disubstituted diazo-derivatives, is likely due to the presence of energetically low-lying (n,π*) states. The fluorogenic probe Fl-DIBO was successfully employed for the labeling of diazo-tagged proteins without detectable background signal. Diazo-derivatives are emerging as attractive reporters for the labeling of biomolecules, and the studies presented herein demonstrate that Fl-DIBO can be employed for visualizing such biomolecules without the need for probe washout.
Shape Control Beyond the Seeds in Gold Nanoparticles (2021)

In typical seed-mediated syntheses of metal nanocrystals, the shape of the nanocrystal is determined largely by the seed nucleation environment and subsequent growth environment (where “environment” refers to the chemical environment, including the surfactant and additives). In this approach, crystallinity is typically determined by the seeds, and surfaces are controlled by the environment(s). However, surface energies, and crystallinity, are both influenced by the choice of environment(s). This limits the permutations of crystallinity and surface facets that can be mixed and matched to generate new nanocrystal morphologies. Here, we control post-seed growth to deliberately incorporate twin planes during the growth stage to deliver new final morphologies, including twinned cubes and bipyramids from single-crystal seeds. The nature and number of twin planes, together with surfactant control of facet growth, define the final nanoparticle morphology. Moreover, by breaking symmetry, the twin planes introduce new facet orientations. This additional mechanism opens new routes for the synthesis of different morphologies and facet orientations.
Pre-Tensioned Pipeline Bundles Design Challenges and Solutions for HPHT Field Development (2016)

Abstract Objectives/Scope High pressure-high temperature developments are on the rise globally as operators are pushing the current limits by investing in technology for the future, for e.g., Total West Franklin and ConocoPhillips Jasmine Pipeline Bundles. Pipeline Bundles have been designed and installed by Subsea7 for over 35 years globally and have been utilised where fluid transport requirements have made other technical solutions uneconomic. The Pipeline Bundle product has been incrementally developed over the years to the current pressure &amp; temperature record of (604bar and 160°C). The next stage in development is to increase the temperature and pressure range for the product through the use of pre-tensioning. For HP/HT fields pre-tensioned Pipeline Bundles offers a technical and commercial key advantage, they reduce the build-up of unacceptable axial forces, mitigate the need for expansion/cooling spools and hence provide an economic fully integrated HP/HT solution. This paper outlines the general benefits of Bundles and how mechanical and thermal methods can be used to set the pre-tension in-to the PIP (Pipe in Pipe) and their comparison. If EHTF (Electrical Heat Traced Flowlines) are integrated in the Bundle these might also be used to set the pre-tension and test the electrical heat trace system. Methods, Procedures, Process The base case for a comparative study is Total West Franklin which had design pressure of 604bar and 160°C temperature. Pre-tensioning calculations with varying combinations of pressure and temperatures are utilised to assess the impact on design of the Bundle based on the Total West Franklin Bundle. The effects of pressure and temperatures up to 1379bar and 220°C respectively are evaluated during the R&amp;D project using calculations and advanced FEA with Abaqus. The paper will also outline the effect on the HP/HT design of changing the thickness of the production pipe by utilising displacement controlled and limit based design codes in combination with advanced FEA to assess the design, moreover requirements in regards to fracture mechanics are determined. Results, Observations, Conclusions In regards to HP/HT pre-tensioned pipeline Bundles, the design codes PD-8010 and DNV-OS-FlOl are not developed for Bundles and hence further work in developing an advanced FEA methodology for HP/HT Bundles, which is integrated with these codes would yield further benefit. A thick walled pipe might be beneficial for pressure containment and reduce overall stresses but in combination with higher temperatures also results in amplified compressive loads due to expansion. It can be established from results that a pipe with pre-tensioning and detailed flowline integrity analysis will enable design with higher temperature usage and optimise the pipe thickness. Novel/Additive Information It is expected that a technically feasible and economically advantageous solution for HP/HT developments will be realised for operators by pre-tensioned Pipeline Bundles.
A Content-Based Approach to Medical Image Database Retrieval (2009)

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) makes use of image features, such as color and texture, to index images with minimal human intervention. Content-based image retrieval can be used to locate medical images in large databases. This chapter introduces a content-based approach to medical image retrieval. Fundamentals of the key components of content-based image retrieval systems are introduced first to give an overview of this area. A case study, which describes the methodology of a CBIR system for retrieving digital mammogram database, is then presented. This chapter is intended to disseminate the knowledge of the CBIR approach to the applications of medical image management and to attract greater interest from various research communities to rapidly advance research in this field.
[Simultaneous control of microorganism, disinfection by-products and bio-stability by sequential chlorination disinfection]. (2006)

A new safe chlorination disinfection process, the sequential disinfection process with short-term free chlorine plus chloramines was investigated its efficiency on control of indices of microorganism, disinfection by-products and bio-stability. This disinfection process may take the advantage of free chlorine's quick inactivation of microorganism and chloramines' low DBP yield and long-term residual. Thus, both control of microorganisms and DBPs can be achieved effectively and economically. The pilot test results show that safe chlorination disinfection process has a little better efficiency on total bacteria count, HPC and total coliform count than free chlorination disinfection, which indicate that free chlorine and chloramines might have the synergetic disinfection effect for their different attacking targets. It also had the same inactivation efficiency on polio virus and coliphage f2 as free chlorination in 120 minutes contact time. Sequential chlorination disinfection process could reduce 35.8% - 77.0% yield of trihalomethane and 36.6% - 54.8% yield of haloacetic acids. The poorer quality the water had, the more advantage the safe-chlorination disinfection had than free chlorination disinfection one. Moreover, sequential chlorination had better efficiency on bio-stability control than free chlorination.
Rapid Computational Identification of the Targets of Protein Kinase Inhibitors (2005)

We describe a method for rapidly computing the relative affinities of an inhibitor for all individual members of a family of homologous receptors. The approach, implemented in a new program, SCR, models inhibitor-receptor interactions in full atomic detail with an empirical energy function and includes an explicit account of flexibility in homology-modeled receptors through sampling of libraries of side chain rotamers. SCR's general utility was demonstrated by application to seven different protein kinase inhibitors: for each inhibitor, relative binding affinities with panels of approximately 20 protein kinases were computed and compared with experimental data. For five of the inhibitors (SB203580, purvalanol B, imatinib, H89, and hymenialdisine), SCR provided excellent reproduction of the experimental trends and, importantly, was capable of identifying the targets of inhibitors even when they belonged to different kinase families. The method's performance in a predictive setting was demonstrated by performing separate training and testing applications, and its key assumptions were tested by comparison with a number of alternative approaches employing the ligand-docking program AutoDock (Morris et al. J. Comput. Chem. 1998, 19, 1639-1662). These comparison tests included using AutoDock in nondocking and docking modes and performing energy minimizations of inhibitor-kinase complexes with the molecular mechanics code GROMACS (Berendsen et al. Comput. Phys. Commun. 1995, 91, 43-56). It was found that a surprisingly important aspect of SCR's approach is its assumption that the inhibitor be modeled in the same orientation for each kinase: although this assumption is in some respects unrealistic, calculations that used apparently more realistic approaches produced clearly inferior results. Finally, as a large-scale application of the method, SB203580, purvalanol B, and imatinib were screened against an almost full complement of 493 human protein kinases using SCR in order to identify potential new targets; the predicted targets of SB203580 were compared with those identified in recent proteomics-based experiments. These kinome-wide screens, performed within a day on a small cluster of PCs, indicate that explicit computation of inhibitor-receptor binding affinities has the potential to promote rapid discovery of new therapeutic targets for existing inhibitors.
Cesium Hydroxide Promoted Chemoselective N-Alkylation for the Generally Efficient Synthesis of Secondary Amines (1999)

Selective N-alkylation of primary amines was developed using cesium hydroxide to prepare various secondary amines efficiently. A cesium base not only promoted monoalkylations of primary amines but also suppressed overalkylations. Various amines and alkyl bromides were examined, and the preliminary results demonstrated this methodology was highly chemoselective, favoring mono-N-alkylation over dialkylation. In particular, use of amino acid derivatives afforded the desired secondary amines exclusively.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of N‐Alkyl‐Se‐alkylselenocarbamates. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Coalescence of a Ferrofluid Drop at Its Bulk Surface with or without a Magnetic Field (2022)

The coalescence of a ferrofluid drop at its bulk surface, with or without a magnetic field, was investigated experimentally by a high-speed camera. Shape deformations of both the pendant ferrofluid drop and the bulk surface in the axial direction were observed during the approaching process even in the absence of a magnetic field. The angle of the upper pendant peak at the first contact decreases with the magnetic flux density, while the lower ferrofluid peak displays an opposite trend. The coalescing width of the ferrofluid drop follows a power-law relationship. The exponent of 0.64 under medium and high magnetic fields as well as the case without magnetic field confirms the inertial regime of drop coalescence. Under the low magnetic field, the significant exponent increasing from 0.59 to 3.02 at about 4 ms is in coincidence with the sudden change to a smooth coalescing section according to the visualized images. A high-speed microparticle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) technique was employed with a transparent model fluid to reveal the flow fields during the drop coalescence instead of opaque ferrofluids.
Does access through the pronator quadratus influence pronation strength in palmar plate fixation of distal radius fractures in elderly patients? (2023)

The present study can show a recovery of pronation as well as pronation strength in a large patient population. At the same time, the pronation strength is still significantly lower 1 year after the operation than on the opposing healthy side. As the pronation strength recovers as the grip strength and is at all times on a par with the supination strength, we believe that we can continue to refrain from re-fixating the pronator quadratus.
Kinetics of polyesterification: Effect of diol chain length (1994)

Abstract Kinetics of polyesterification of maleic anhydride with polyethylene glycol (PEG) of varying molecular weights have been evaluated. The investigations have been carried out by employing heating cycles comparable to those employed in industrial processes and under nonisothermal conditions. The rate of reaction was found to decrease with increase in the chain length of the polyether. The energy of activation was estimated as 26.91, 40.25, and 47.30 Kcal/mol for PEG of molecular weights 200, 300, and 400, respectively. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Demodex folliculorum (Simon) and D. brevis Akbulatova of Man: Redescription and Reevaluation (1972)

Demodex folliculorum and D. brevis are redescribed using statistical methods for meristic data and standard generic morphological criteria for all stages. Such data show that these are distinct species. Histological studies indicate that each of these utilizes different niches: D. folliculorum the hair follicle, D. brevis the sebaceous glands. Both species have life cycles consisting of ova, larvae, protonymphs, nymphs, and adults. Population counts of these stages revealed ratios of approximately 3.5:1.5:1.0:1.6:14.6 for D. folliculorum and 8.5:2.6:1.0:3.2:34.7 for D. brevis. The sex ratios (male: female) were 1:4.5 for the former and 1:3.4 for the latter. It is suggested that all host-parasite data obtained since Simon (1842) should be reworked in view of the fact that these two species are found on tle same host species, Homo sapiens, and even the same host individual.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐(N,N‐Dialkylamino)ethyl Arylthiosulfonates: New Simulants for O‐ Ethyl S‐(2‐(Diisopropylamino)ethyl) Methylphosphonothioate. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of Insulin on Wound Healing (1998)

Data indicate that high doses of insulin and glucose can be safely administered to massively burned patients to improve wound matrix formation.
Hyperproinsulinemia is not a characteristic feature in the offspring of patients with different phenotypes of type II diabetes (2000)

Hyperproinsulinemia is not a characteristic finding in glucose-tolerant offspring of type II diabetic probands with deficient insulin secretion or insulin-resistant phenotype. The differences in proinsulin-to-specific insulin ratios were most likely explained by different hepatic extraction among the study groups.