gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GenNI: Human-AI Collaboration for Data-Backed Text Generation (2021)

Table2Text systems generate textual output based on structured data utilizing machine learning. These systems are essential for fluent natural language interfaces in tools such as virtual assistants; however, left to generate freely these ML systems often produce misleading or unexpected outputs. GenNI (Generation Negotiation Interface) is an interactive visual system for high-level human-AI collaboration in producing descriptive text. The tool utilizes a deep learning model designed with explicit control states. These controls allow users to globally constrain model generations, without sacrificing the representation power of the deep learning models. The visual interface makes it possible for users to interact with AI systems following a Refine-Forecast paradigm to ensure that the generation system acts in a manner human users find suitable. We report multiple use cases on two experiments that improve over uncontrolled generation approaches, while at the same time providing fine-grained control. A demo and source code are available at https://genni.vizhub.ai.
Extending the rationale of combination therapy to unresponsive erectile dysfunction. (2007)

Combination therapies aim to overcome the limitations of individual drugs by selecting diverse targets of action to enhance effectiveness synergistically. This article reviews the principles of combination therapy and its applications for benign prostatic hyperplasia and overactive bladder. It then examines pathophysiological, pharmacological, and clinical evidence for currently available drug and device combinations for erectile dysfunction that has not responded to first-line, single-agent therapy.
Experimental Investigation on the Compression Behaviours of 3D Angle‑interlock Woven Composites with Carbons Nanotube under High Strain Rates (2015)

The compressive properties of 3D angle-interlock woven/epoxy resin composites with various carbon nanotube (CNTs) contents were investigated under quasi-static and high strain rate loading to evaluate the compressive failure modes, which were influenced by various CNT contents and different strain rates. The results indicated that the stress strain curves were strain rate sensitive, and the compressive failure stress of composites with various CNT contents were increased with a change the strain rates and CNT contents. The compressive failure modes of 3D angle-interlock woven composites without CNT tended to be in shear deformation, delamination fibre breakage and matrix crack together, and the failure modes of 3D angle-interlock woven composites with high CNT contents presented delamination and shear deformation.
Microwave semiconductor devices: State-of-the-art and limiting effects (1978)

The present state of the art of microwave semiconductor devices is presented, along with electronic, physical, and technological limiting effects. Means of advancing the state of the art are also presented.
Improvement of Quality of Thick 4H-SiC Epilayers (2017)

The epitaxial growth of ~250 μm thick 4 H -SiC epilayers has been demanded for ultra-high-voltage power devices. We have attempted to improve the quality of thick epilayers. At the edge of wafer, stacking faults, epi-crown and interfacial dislocations could be well suppressed by controlling the distribution of growth rate. Investigation of carrier concentration depth profile revealed that increasing surface roughness increased the carrier concentration during thick epitaxial growth. Under N 2 -doped growth condition, memory effect by accumulation of by-products containing dopant element is also one of the reasons of the carrier concentration increasing during the growth.
Effect of Tissue Deterioration on Postmortem BSE Diagnosis by Immunobiochemical Detection of an Abnormal Isoform of Prion Protein (2004)

Surveillance for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in fallen stock in Japan is conducted with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for mass screening, with Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry performed for confirmation of the ELISA. All tests are based on immunological detection of an abnormal isoform of the prion protein (PrP(Sc)) in brain tissues, which have sometimes deteriorated by the time samples from fallen stock reach a diagnostic laboratory. To evaluate BSE surveillance procedures for fallen stock, we examined PrP(Sc) detection from artificially deteriorated BSE-affected bovine brain tissues with a commercial ELISA kit and compared the results with those of WB. The optical density (OD) values of the ELISA decreased with advancing deterioration of the tissues, whereas no reduction in the signal for PrP(Sc) was observed in WB, even when performed after 4 days of incubation at 37 degrees C. The progressive decrease in the OD values in the ELISA appear to be caused by a partial loss of the N-terminal moiety of PrP(Sc) due to digestion by endogeneous and/or contaminated microbial enzymes, and by the presence of ELISA inhibitors that are generated in deteriorated tissues. These results suggest that WB is the most reliable test for fallen stock, especially for cattle brains within decaying carcasses.
An Evaluation Of Factors Affecting The Analysis Of Metals Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) (1986)

Some of the main factors affecting the analysis of solid steel using laser-induced break-down spectroscopy (LIBS) have been investigated and are reported here. Pulses from an electro-optically Q-switched Nd:YAG laser were focused on steel samples to generate a high temperature plasma. The spectrally resolved plasma light was time resolved and detected using a photodiode array. The effects that changes in the lens-to-sample distance, laser pulse energy, and position of the imaging lens had on the LIBS analysis are described. These effects were minimized by ratioing the absolute element signals to adjacent Fe-lines. Calibration curves for Mn, Si, and Cr are presented and the accuracy and precision of LIBS analysis listed for several elements.
Early Diagnosis on Oral and Potentially Oral Malignant Lesions: A Systematic Review on the VELscope® Fluorescence Method (2019)

The fluorescence method is an innovative technique used by pathologists for examining body mucosa, and for the abnormalities tissue screening, potentially leading to the earlier discovery of pre-cancer, cancer or other disease processes. The early detection is one of the best mechanisms for enabling treatment success, increasing survival rates and maintaining a high quality of life. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the clinical efficiency of this diagnostic tool applied to the oral cavity (VELscope<sup>®</sup>). A literature systematic review has been performed. The initial research provided 53 results after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and after a manual screening of the abstracts by the authors, only 25 results were eligible for review. The results and data contained in all the researches, no older than 10 years, were manually evaluated, and provided useful information on this diagnostic method. The VELscope<sup>®</sup> mean value about sensitivity and specificity resulted of 70.19% and 65.95%, respectively, by results analysis, but despite this some studies disagree about its clinical effectiveness, and this diagnostic method is still much debated in scientific and clinical medical literature. Surely being able to have efficient and effective tools from this point of view could help the clinician in the diagnosis, and also make timelier the pharmacological or surgical therapy, improving the quality of life of the patient, and in some cases guaranteeing a longer survival term.
Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei effect on cariogenic bacterial flora (2010)

Lactobacillus paracasei has been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of many pathogenic microbes such as Streptococcus mutans, in vitro. However, its clinical application remains unclear. Here, we examined whether a novel probiotic L. paracasei GMNL-33 may reduce the caries-associated salivary microbial counts in healthy adults. Seventy-eight subjects (aged 20 to 26) had completed this double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study. A probiotic/test (n = 42) and a control group (n = 36) took a L. paracasei GMNL-33 and a placebo oral tablet three times per day for 2 weeks, respectively. Bacterial counts of salivary S. mutans, lactobacilli, and salivary buffer capacity were measured with chair-side kits at the beginning (T1), the completion (T2) of medication, and 2 weeks after medication (T3). The results did not show differences in the counts of S. mutans and lactobacilli between probiotic and control groups at T1, T2, and T3. Nevertheless, within the probiotic group, an interesting probiotic effect was noticed. Between T1 and T2, no inhibitory effect against S. mutans was observed. However, a significant count reduction in the salivary S. mutans was detected between T2 and T3 (p = 0.016). Thus, a 2-week period of medication via oral administration route may be needed for L. paracasei GMNL-33 to be effective in the probiotic action.
Lipid peroxide levels in chronic renal failure. (1999)

To determine presence of oxidant stress in chronic renal failure and to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin E in its amelioration, we studied 34 patients (Group I, age 32.4 +/- 11 years, M:F 3:1) and 10 healthy controls (Group II, age 27.4 +/- 5 years, M:F 4:1). The difference in baseline values of lipid peroxide (nmol/ml) was statistically significant (Group I 4.19 +/- 1.69, Group II 1.87 +/- 1.39, p = 0.004). Values of vitamin E (mg/l) were also significantly lower in Group I as compared to Group II (12.18 +/- 4.27 vs. 19.32 +/- 2.03, p = 0.003). Serum lipid peroxide values decreased significantly after supplementation with 400 mg/day of vitamin E for six weeks in Group I (4.19 +/- 1.69 to 3.21 +/- 1.13, p = 0.053) but not in Group II (1.87 +/- 1.39 to 1.03 +/- 0.87). Levels of vitamin E increased in both the groups (Group I: 12.18 +/- 4.27 to 16.01 +/- 5.13, Group II: 19.32 +/- 2.03 to 23.21 +/- 1.94, p < 0.005). No significant difference was observed in values of serum creatinine and urea before and after intervention.
TRECVID 2014 Instance retrieval an Introduction (2014)

[No abstract available]
QSMxT: Robust Masking and Artefact Reduction for Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (2021)

Abstract Purpose Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) is a post-processing technique applied to gradient-echo phase data. QSM algorithms require a signal mask to delineate regions with reliable phase signal for subsequent susceptibility estimation. Existing masking techniques used in QSM have limitations that introduce artefacts, exclude anatomical detail, and rely on parameter tuning and anatomical priors that narrow their application. Here, a robust masking and reconstruction procedure is presented to overcome these limitations and enable automated QSM processing for a wide range of use-cases implemented in an open-source software framework: QSMxT . Methods A robust masking technique that automatically separates reliable from less reliable phase regions was developed and combined with a two-pass reconstruction procedure that operates on the separated sources before combination, extracting more information while reducing the influence of artefacts. Result Compared with standard masking and reconstruction procedures, the two-pass inversion reduces streaking artefacts caused by unreliable phase and high dynamic ranges of susceptibility sources. QSMxT is robust across a range of datasets at 3 T in healthy volunteers and phantoms, at 7 T in tumour patients, and in the QSM challenge 2.0 simulated brain dataset, with significant artefact and error reductions, greater anatomical detail, and minimal parameter tuning. Conclusion QSMxT generates masks for QSM that separate reliable from less reliable phase regions, enables a more accurate QSM reconstruction that mitigates artefacts, operates without anatomical priors, and requires minimal parameter tuning. QSMxT makes QSM processing more accessible, reliable and reproducible.
Development and Evaluation of a PCR-based, Line Probe Assay for the Detection of 58 Alleles in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Gene (2002)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-limiting recessive genetic disorder in Caucasians, with an incidence of ∼1 in 3200 newborns (1). The disease is less common in Hispanic Americans (1 in 9200), African Americans (1 in 15 000), and Asian Americans (1 in 31 000) (2). The diagnosis of CF requires the presence of one or more characteristic phenotypic features, a history of CF in a sibling, or a positive newborn screening test result plus laboratory evidence of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction (3). Although sweat chloride testing continues to be the laboratory test of choice, DNA testing is growing in popularity, especially in situations where sweat testing is unavailable or ambiguous. In 1999, 9.1% of patients attending CF centers in the United States had DNA analysis as a confirmatory diagnostic test (4). Furthermore, DNA testing is the only method available that can readily identify the carriers of CF mutations and, therefore, is the only tool for CF carrier screening.

The gene responsible for CF, the CFTR gene, was identified by positional cloning (5)(6). Nearly 1000 putative disease-associated mutations have been reported in CFTR , but only a few dozen have a frequency >0.1% in the general population (1)(7). Thus, efficient and accurate population screening for CF requires an assay that can simultaneously detect the mutated and wild-type sequences of ∼30 CF alleles. We have developed the Research Prototype Cystic Fibrosis Assay-31, which uses multiplex PCR (8)(9) and colorimetric detection with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes immobilized in a linear array on nylon membranes (10), to type 28 CF mutations and 3 CFTR polymorphisms [Table 1⇓ ; details of this procedure are described in a …
Hypermucoviscosity as a Virulence Factor in ExperimentalKlebsiella pneumoniaeEndophthalmitis (2008)

The findings demonstrate the site-threatening consequences of K. pneumoniae endophthalmitis and the importance of the hypermucoviscosity phenotype in the pathogenesis of experimental K. pneumoniae endophthalmitis.
Oxidation of naphthalene by a multicomponent enzyme system from Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIB 9816. (1982)

The initial reactions in the oxidation of naphthalene by Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIB 9816 involves the enzymatic incorporation of one molecule of oxygen into the aromatic nucleus to form (+)-cis-(1R,2S)-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene. The enzyme catalyzing this reaction, naphthalene dioxygenase, was resolved into three protein components, designated A, B, and C, by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Incubation of naphthalene with components A, B, and C in the presence of NADH resulted in the formation of (+)-cis-(1R,2S)-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene. The ratio of oxygen and NADH utilization to product formation was 1:1:1. NADPH also served as an electron donor for naphthalene oxygenation. However, its activity was less than 50% of that observed with NADH. Component A showed NAD(P)H-cytochrome c reductase activity which was stimulated by the addition of flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavin mononucleotide. A similar stimulation was observed when these flavin nucleotides were added to the naphthalene dioxygenase assay system. These preliminary observations indicate that naphthalene dioxygenase has properties in common with both monooxygenase and dioxygenase multicomponent enzyme systems.
Endothelin and Endothelin Antagonists: Pharmacology and Clinical Implications (1995)

Endothelins (ET) are a family of peptides with potent biological properties. Endothelial cells produce exclusively ET-1 while other tissues produce ET-2 and ET-3. The production of ET requires an increase in intracellular Ca2+. This increase can be induced by physical chemicals (i.e. hypoxia) or receptor-operated stimuli (i.e. thrombin, angiotensin II, arginine vasopressin, transforming growth factor beta 1, interleukin-1). Most of ET is released abluminally towards vascular smooth muscle and less luminally. The main vascular effect of ET are vasodilation (transient), profound and sustained vasoconstriction as well as proliferation of vascular smooth muscle. These biological effects are mediated by distinct receptors. Three ET receptors have been cloned, i.e. ETA-, ETB- and ETC-receptors. In vascular tissue ETA-receptors are expressed on vascular smooth muscle and responsible for vasoconstriction. ETB-receptors are expressed on endothelium and linked to nitric oxide and/or prostacyclin release. Activation of these receptors explains the transient vasodilation with intraluminal application of ET. Vascular smooth muscle cells can express ETB-receptors which contribute to ET-induced vasoconstriction particularly at lower concentrations. The role of the recently cloned ETC-receptor in the vasculature is still uncertain. ET production is increased (as judged from circulating plasma levels) in vascular disease and atherosclerosis in particular, in myocardial infarction and heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and renal disease. ET production is increased in arterial hypertension remains controversial. Non-peptidic ET antagonists have been developed which either block ETA- receptors or ETA- and ETB-receptors simultaneously. The advantage of ETA-receptors is that they leave the endothelium-dependent vasodilation to ET (via ETB-receptor) intact. However, ETB-mediated contraction remains unaffected by these antagonists. In contrast ETA-/ETB-antagonists fully prevent ET-induced vasoconstriction, however, they also inhibit the endothelial effects of the peptide. ET antagonists interfere with the effects of ET in isolated vascular tissue (including that obtained from humans) as well as in vivo. In humans, ETA as well as ETA-/ETB-antagonists inhibit endothelin-induced vasoconstriction. Hence in summary ET are a family of potent peptides with profound effects in the vasculature. Several studies suggest a role of ET in cardiovascular disease. The newly developed ET-antagonists are potent and selective tools to delineate the (patho-)physiological roles of ET and may become a new class of cardiovascular drugs.
Controlled release of antihypertensive drug from the interpenetrating network poly(vinyl alcohol)–guar gum hydrogel microspheres (2000)

Poly(vinyl alcohol)-guar gum interpenetrating network microspheres were prepared by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Nifedipine, an antihypertensive drug, was loaded into these matrices before and after cross-linking to study its release patterns. The extent of cross-linking was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, the microspheres were characterized for drug entrapment efficiency, particle size, transport of water into the matrix and drug release kinetics. Scanning electron microscopic photographs confirmed the spherical nature and surface morphology. The mean particle size of the microspheres was found to be around 300 microm. The molecular transport phenomenon, as studied by the dynamic swelling experiments, indicated that an increase in cross-linking affected the transport mechanism from Fickian to non-Fickian. The in vitro release study indicated that the release from these microspheres is not only dependent upon the extent of cross-linking, but also on the amount of the drug loaded as well as the method of drug loading.
A network architecture for precision formation flying using the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol (2005)

Precision formation flying (PFF) missions involve the tracking and maintenance of spacecraft in a desired geometric configuration. Autonomous control of the distributed spacecraft requires inter-spacecraft communications with guaranteed performance. We present a network architecture that supports PFF control across the various phases of mission operations, ranging from initial random deployment to precision formation. The architecture incorporates the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol and utilizes both its distributed control function (DCF) and point coordination function (PCF) modes as appropriate to the PFF operational phase. A proactive routing protocol provides timely topology status. A new application layer protocol is incorporated which provides a simple interface between the PFF control application and the underlying communications network
A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming. (1989)

A parallel distributed processing model of visual word recognition and pronunciation is described. The model consists of sets of orthographic and phonological units and an interlevel of hidden units. Weights on connections between units were modified during a training phase using the back-propagation learning algorithm. The model simulates many aspects of human performance, including (a) differences between words in terms of processing difficulty, (b) pronunciation of novel items, (c) differences between readers in terms of word recognition skill, (d) transitions from beginning to skilled reading, and (e) differences in performance on lexical decision and naming tasks. The model's behavior early in the learning phase corresponds to that of children acquiring word recognition skills. Training with a smaller number of hidden units produces output characteristic of many dyslexic readers. Naming is simulated without pronunciation rules, and lexical decisions are simulated without accessing word-level representations. The performance of the model is largely determined by three factors: the nature of the input, a significant fragment of written English; the learning rule, which encodes the implicit structure of the orthography in the weights on connections; and the architecture of the system, which influences the scope of what can be learned.
Highly efficient field emission from ZnO nanorods and nanographene hybrids on a macroporous electric conductive network (2017)

A hybrid structure comprising ZnO nanorods and nanographene on a patterned substrate enhances the field emission properties by reducing the work function and avoiding electrostatic screening.
The Robotarium: A remotely accessible swarm robotics research testbed (2017)

This paper describes the Robotarium -- a remotely accessible, multi-robot research facility. The impetus behind the Robotarium is that multi-robot testbeds constitute an integral and essential part of the multi-robot research cycle, yet they are expensive, complex, and time-consuming to develop, operate, and maintain. These resource constraints, in turn, limit access for large groups of researchers and students, which is what the Robotarium is remedying by providing users with remote access to a state-of-the-art multi-robot test facility. This paper details the design and operation of the Robotarium and discusses the considerations one must take when making complex hardware remotely accessible. In particular, safety must be built into the system already at the design phase without overly constraining what coordinated control programs users can upload and execute, which calls for minimally invasive safety routines with provable performance guarantees.