gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing a large field-of-view two-photon microscope using optical invariant analysis (2018)

Conventional two-photon microscopy (TPM) is capable of imaging neural dynamics with subcellular resolution, but it is limited to a field-of-view (FOV) diameter [Formula: see text]. Although there has been recent progress in extending the FOV in TPM, a principled design approach for developing large FOV TPM (LF-TPM) with off-the-shelf components has yet to be established. Therefore, we present a design strategy that depends on analyzing the optical invariant of commercially available objectives, relay lenses, mirror scanners, and emission collection systems in isolation. Components are then selected to maximize the space-bandwidth product of the integrated microscope. In comparison with other LF-TPM systems, our strategy simplifies the sequence of design decisions and is applicable to extending the FOV in any microscope with an optical relay. The microscope we constructed with this design approach can image [Formula: see text] lateral and [Formula: see text] axial resolution over a 7-mm diameter FOV, which is a 100-fold increase in FOV compared with conventional TPM. As a demonstration of the potential that LF-TPM has on understanding the microarchitecture of the mouse brain across interhemispheric regions, we performed <i>in vivo</i> imaging of both the cerebral vasculature and microglia cell bodies over the mouse cortex.
Pharmacokinetics of Benzodiazepine Hypnotics (1983)

Three benzodiazepine derivatives are currently indicated specifically for the treatment of insomnia in the United States. Flurazepam is biotransformed to at least two rapidly appearing and rapidly eliminated intermediate metabolites which probably contribute to sleep induction. The final metabolite, desalkylflurazepam, appears slowly, but has a long half-life ranging from 40 to 150 h. This metabolite accumulates extensively during multiple dosage. Temazepam is a slowly absorbed drug and has an intermediate half-life in the range of 10-20 h. Triazolam has an intermediate absorption rate, but is rapidly eliminated (half-life 1.5-5 h) making it essentially non-accumulating. Understanding of the pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepine hypnotics can contribute to understanding of their clinical properties.
Electrochemical supermolecular templating of mesoporous Rh films (2019)

Making mesoporous rhodium (Rh) with traditional soft-templating methods is challenging because Rh has a high surface energy compared to other metals. Here, we report a synthetic concept to generate mesoporous Rh films (MRFs) by electrochemical co-deposition of Rh precursors and block copolymer micelles. We investigate the effect of deposition potentials and pH on the resulting mesoporous structures. Controlled electrodeposition enables us to conformally coat the entire surface of the electrode with a homogeneous mesoporous Rh film with any arbitrary thickness up to ∼840 nm. The average pore size of the MRF is ∼14 nm, with an average wall thickness of ∼9.5 nm. Since the MRFs are directly deposited on conducting substrates, they can be used as porous electrodes for various important electrocatalytic reactions. We examine the performance of these MRFs for the electrochemical methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and find that they have a mass-normalized peak current density ∼4 times higher than a commercial Rh black (RhB) catalyst.
Localization of the mRNA for the Angiotensin II Receptor Subtype 2 (AT2) in Follicular Granulosa Cells of the Rat Ovary by Nonradioactive In Situ Hybridization (1998)

The ovary is one of the organs in which an intrinsic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been described. Among angiotensin II receptors, the angiotensin II receptor subtype 2 (AT2) is believed to play an important role in mediating or modulating a variety of intraovarian processes. Previous studies were mainly based on ligand binding techniques using AT2 receptor-specific antagonists. Despite the recent cloning of the AT2 gene, no information is available about the exact intraovarian distribution of AT2 mRNA expression. Therefore, we analyzed ovaries from sexually mature, untreated rats by nonradioactive in situ hybridzation using an AT2-specific anti-sense RNA probe. Experiments were performed on perfusion-fixed ovaries obtained from different stages of the estrous cycle. As an important finding, strong AT2 mRNA expression could be demonstrated exclusively in follicular granulosa cells. Follicles containing AT2 mRNA-positve granulosa cells were mainly in the advanced tertiary stage of follicular development, already exhibiting features of atresia. In addition, individual collapsed, definitive atretic follicles also showed strong AT2 mRNA expression solely in granulosa cells. In corpora lutea and in other structures of the ovary, no message for the AT2 receptor could be detected under these conditions. These data may contribute to a better understanding of the effects exerted by an intraovarian RAS. (J Histochem Cytochem 46:865-870, 1998)
Device/Circuit Mixed-Mode Simulations for Analysis and Design of Projected-Capacitive Touch Sensors (2014)

A device/circuit mixed-mode simulation method is proposed to effectively characterize the physical effects of the structure parameters and external noise signals on the sensing performance of projected-capacitive touch sensor devices for physical explanation and optimal design in touch screen applications. With this method, the electrostatic characteristics of the intrinsic capacitive sensor structure were obtained by numerical simulations, and then embedded into the circuit simulation environment to predict the resulted sensing performance. A single-layer mutual capacitance structure sensor device sample was fabricated to verify the simulation method. The related physical mechanisms during the touching procedure were analyzed with the simulation method, which was in agreement with the experimental measurement results.
28. Photochemical transformations. Part XVI. A novel synthesis of lactones (1965)

D. H. R. Barton, A. L. J. Beckwith and A. Goosen, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 181 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650000181
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DIETHYL, DI‐N‐OCTYL, AND MONO‐ AND DICYCLOHEXANO MACROCYCLIC POLYETHER‐DIESTER LIGANDS (1981)

Abstract Aus den Polyethylenglykolen (III) entstehen mit 1‐Butenoxid (II) bzw. 1‐Decenoxid (IV) die entsprechenden Addukte (I) bzw. (V).
Charge transfer in collision of N2+and He (1996)

Abstract Charge transfer cross-sections in the collision of a doubly-charged nitrogen ion and a helium atom are evaluated with a close-coupling formalism. The charge transfer produces N+(3P), N+(1D) and He+ ions via the 2Σ+ and 2π molecular states of NHe2+. We describe a method for obtaining a particular diabatic representation from a set of adiabatic dipole moments. Comparison with Landau-Zener model calculations is made and the importance of inner couplings for the production of charge transfer states is demonstrated. Collisional rate coefficients are also obtained. At 104 K, the rate coefficient for charge transfer into the ground N+(3P) state is about 1·3 × 10−10 cm3 s−1 and for charge transfer into the metastable N+(1D) state 1·8 × 10−11 em3 s−1.
Gene expression analysis of Mas‐related gene receptors in the non‐inflamed and inflamed murine ileum (2010)

Due to the lack of data on the expression of Mas‐related gene receptors (Mrgs), a family of G protein‐coupled orphan receptors, we investigated their expression in the non‐inflamed and inflamed murine ileum. We performed a gene expression analysis using the Agilent Whole‐Mouse Genome Oligo Microarray. Relative expression levels of 20 Mrgs sequenced in mouse, were analysed using Real‐Time PCR, and immunohistochemical analyses with antibodies against MrgE and F were performed. Microarray analyses resulted in ~3000 and ~5000 differentially expressed genes in the acute phases of intestinal schistosomiasis and TNBS‐induced ileitis, respectively. No altered gene expression of any of the Mrgs was detected, whereas Real‐Time PCR revealed significant increased expression of MrgB1 and D during intestinal schistosomiasis and of MrgA2 during ileitis. The expression of MrgE, F, G, H and X1 was significantly reduced during ileitis. MrgX2 was found to be only expressed during inflammation. MrgE and F were both detected in a subpopulation of enteric neurons. In conclusion, the results indicate that, in accordance to what has been proposed earlier, some Mrgs appear to be involved in intestinal inflammation.
ATP receptor. A putative receptor-operated channel in PC-12 cells. (1991)

External ATP induces [3H] dopamine [( 3H]DA) release in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12 cells). The ATP-induced release is a saturable process with half-effective concentration of EC50 = 80 microM. ADP is a poor secretagogue of [3H]DA (one-sixth of ATP) and AMP is devoid of secretory capabilities. Adenosine and the non-hydrolyzable analogues of ATP, AppNHp and AppCp are ineffective as inducers of [3H]DA, release, or as inhibitors of the ATP-induced [3H]DA release. The most potent antagonist of ATP-induced release is Coomassie Blue (IC50 = 25 microM), compared to ADP beta S (IC50 = 500 microM). The overall rank order of potency is ATP greater than ADP much greater than AMP greater than adenosine, which is characteristic of the P2-purinergic receptor. ATP-induced secretion is absolutely Ca2+ dependent, indicating an exocytotic process and is independent of Mg2+ (up to 2 mM) suggesting that the active species is not ATP4-. (a) The ATP-induced 45Ca2+ influx into the cells is in good correlation to ATP induction of release (IC50 = 80 and 90 microM, respectively) and is carried over to ADP which has a diminished ability to induce both release and 45Ca2+ influx. (b) Divalent cations (Ba2+ greater than Sr2+ greater than Ln3+ greater than Mn2+) replace Ca2+ and support ATP-induced release similar to their effectiveness in supporting bradykinin- and K+ (50 mM)-induced release in PC-12 cells (Weiss, C., Sela, D., and Atlas, D. (1990) Neurosci. Lett. 119, 241-245). Combined together the absolute requirement of [Ca2+]ex for release, inhibition of release by Gd3+ (IC50 = 100 microM), Ni2+, and Co2+ (IC50 = 1 mM), and support of release by Ba2+, Sr2+, and Mn2+, we suggest that ATP induces Ca2+ entry via ligand-operated Ca2+ channels as previously suggested for ATP in smooth muscle cells (Benham, C.D., Bolton, T.B., Byren, N.G., and Large, W.A. (1987) J. Physiol. (Lond.) 387, 473-488). No significant inhibition by 1 microM verapamil, 10 microM nifedipine, or 2 mM Cd2+ argues against ATP activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels as similarly shown for ATP-induced [3H]noradrenaline release (Inoue, K., Nakazawa, K., Fujimoro, K., and Takanaka, A. (1989) Neurosci. Lett. 106, 294-299). Thus, the widely distributed ATP receptor might play an essential role in Ca2+ homeostasis of the cell by introducing Ca2+ into the cell via specific ligand-gated Ca2+ channels.
Kv Channel Gating Requires a Compatible S4-S5 Linker and Bottom Part of S6, Constrained by Non-interacting Residues (2008)

Voltage-dependent K(+) channels transfer the voltage sensor movement into gate opening or closure through an electromechanical coupling. To test functionally whether an interaction between the S4-S5 linker (L45) and the cytoplasmic end of S6 (S6(T)) constitutes this coupling, the L45 in hKv1.5 was replaced by corresponding hKv2.1 sequence. This exchange was not tolerated but could be rescued by also swapping S6(T). Exchanging both L45 and S6(T) transferred hKv2.1 kinetics to an hKv1.5 background while preserving the voltage dependence. A one-by-one residue substitution scan of L45 and S6(T) in hKv1.5 further shows that S6(T) needs to be alpha-helical and forms a "crevice" in which residues I422 and T426 of L45 reside. These residues transfer the mechanical energy onto the S6(T) crevice, whereas other residues in S6(T) and L45 that are not involved in the interaction maintain the correct structure of the coupling.
The Impact of the Combined 8-QAM and QPSK Subcarrier Modulation for Coherent Optical OFDM (2011)

We investigated the optimized signal condition of the combined 8-QAM and QPSK subcarrier modulation for optical OFDM. The performance improvement was confirmed by WDM transmission experiments with the optimized power difference and subcarrier number.
Analysis of hair by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (1984)

An exploratory study is presented evaluating electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) as a tool for studying human hair. ESCA provides valuable information about the hair surface to a depth of 20 to 30 angsttoms, and ESCA is especially useful for studying the oxidation of disulfide sulfur in hair. ESCA can also be used to study the removal of lipid from hair and/or the adsorption of ingredients to hair such as sulfate-containing surfactants. A primary reaction in the weathering of human hair involves degradation ofdisulfide sulfur, and ultraviolet radiation is a principal cause of this degradation. This reaction occurs primarily at or near the hair surface and appears to involve degradation of cystine residues via the C-S fission mechanism. Chemical bleaching of disulfide in hair by alkaline hydrogen peroxide is different and appears to proceed through the S-S fission route.
REIFENEIGENSCHAFTEN UND FAHRSICHERHEIT (1982)

AUS DER LITERATUR SOLLTEN HINWEISE ZUR SICHERHEITSRELEVANZ PRAKTIKABLER FAHRVERSUCHSPRUEFUNGEN GEFUNDEN WERDEN. EBENSO WAR DER KENNTNISSTAND ZUM EINFLUSS AM PRUEFSTAND MESSBARER REIFENEIGENSCHAFTEN AUF DIESE FAHRVERSUCHE ZU BESCHREIBEN. UNTER DEN UEBLICHERWEISE BENUTZTEN REIFENKENNWERTEN ZEIGT DIE GROESSE DEN GROESSTEN EINFLUSS AUF DAS FAHRVERHALTEN BEI LENKMANOEVERN. VON DOMINANTEM EINFLUSS AUF DIE SCHRAEGLAUFSTEIFE SIND SCHRAEGLAUFWINKEL, RADLAST UND UMFANGSKRAFT. IM FOLGENDEN SOLLTEN NACH MESSUNGEN AM PRUEFSTAND UND IM FAHRVERSUCH MIT REALEN REIFEN UND FAHRZEUGEN REIFENEINFLUESSE AUF FAHRVERSUCHSERGEBNISSE NACHGEWIESEN WERDEN. ES GELANG, DAS STATIONAERE SEITENKRAFT-SCHRAEGLAUF-RADLAST-VERHALTEN MODERNER STAHLGUERTELREIFEN UNTERSCHIEDLICHSTER DIMENSION MATHEMATISCH ZU APPROXIMIEREN. DER EINFLUSS WICHTIGER PARAMETER IST DARGESTELLT. IN EINER UMFANGREICHEN UNTERSUCHUNG IST NACHGEWIESEN, DASS DAS INSTATIONAERE UMKRAFT-SCHLUPF-VERHALTEN DEN QUALITATIV GLEICHEN GESETZMAESSIGKEITEN GEHORCHT WIE DAS INSTATIONAERE SEITENKRAFT-SCHRAEGLAUF-VERHALTEN. EBENFALLS GELTEN DIESE GESETZMAESSIGKEITEN FUER DAS INSTATIONAERE VERHALTEN RESULTIERENDE KRAFT ZU RESULTIERENDEM SCHLUPF. ZUR ERZIELUNG HOHER LENKEMPFINDLICHKEIT UND GERINGEM SCHWIMMWINKELBEDARFS SOLLTE DER REIFEN 1. HOHE SCHRAEGLAUFSTEIFE AUCH BEI HOHEN RADLASTEN BESITZEN, 2. NIEDRIGE SCHRAEGLAUF-DEGRESSIVITAET AUFWEISEN, 3. HOHE MAXIMALE SEITENKRAEFTE AUFBAUEN UND 4. NIEDRIGE RADLAST-DEGRESSIVITAET AUFWEISEN.
Recent progress in thin-disk lasers based on various Yb-doped materials (2014)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. Negel, S. Piehler, B. Weichelt, K. Wentsch, A. Loescher, B. Dannecker, M. Eckerle, M. Rumpel, J. Wolter, A. Voss, T. Graf, and M. A. Ahmed, "Recent progress in thin-disk lasers based on various Yb-doped materials," in Advanced Solid State Lasers, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2014), paper AM2A.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Long-term hematopoietic transfer of the anti-cancer and lifespan-extending capabilities of a genetically engineered blood system by transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells (2023)

A causal relationship exists among the aging process, organ decay and disfunction, and the occurrence of various diseases including cancer. A genetically engineered mouse model, termed <i>Klf1</i><sup>K74R/K74R</sup> or <i>Klf1</i>(K74R), carrying mutation on the well-conserved sumoylation site of the hematopoietic transcription factor KLF1/EKLF has been generated that possesses extended lifespan and healthy characteristics, including cancer resistance. We show that the healthy longevity characteristics of the <i>Klf1</i>(K74R) mice, as exemplified by their higher anti-cancer capability, are likely gender-, age-, and genetic background-independent. Significantly, the anti-cancer capability, in particular that against melanoma as well as hepatocellular carcinoma, and lifespan-extending property of <i>Klf1</i>(K74R) mice, could be transferred to wild-type mice via transplantation of their bone marrow mononuclear cells at a young age of the latter. Furthermore, NK(K74R) cells carry higher in vitro cancer cell-killing ability than wild-type NK cells. Targeted/global gene expression profiling analysis has identified changes in the expression of specific proteins, including the immune checkpoint factors PDCD and CD274, and cellular pathways in the leukocytes of the <i>Klf1</i>(K74R) that are in the directions of anti-cancer and/or anti-aging. This study demonstrates the feasibility of developing a transferable hematopoietic/blood system for long-term anti-cancer and, potentially, for anti-aging.
Thiopeptide Synthesis. α-Amino Thionoacid Derivatives of Nitrobenzotriazole as Thioacylating Agents (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTThiopeptide Synthesis. α-Amino Thionoacid Derivatives of Nitrobenzotriazole as Thioacylating AgentsM. Ashraf Shalaby, Christopher W. Grote, and Henry RapoportView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 25, 9045–9048Publication Date (Web):December 13, 1996Publication History Received2 July 1996Published online13 December 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo961245qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo961245qbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2990Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Reaction products,Reagents Get e-Alerts
Massive Femoral Osteolytic Lesion Secondary to Disengagement of a Total Knee Tibial Locking Pin (2010)

The Anatomic Modular Knee (AMK; Depuy, Warsaw, Ind) was one of the first designs to incorporate a modular locking mechanism for the tibial insert; fixation was secured using a screw-in tibial tray-locking pin. This case report describes a patient who presented with instability and worsening knee pain 15 years following a primary total knee arthroplasty using the AMK prosthesis. Radiographs and intraoperative assessment revealed proximal migration of the tibial tray-locking pin into the medial femoral condyle resulting in a large osteolytic defect.
Explosion Prevention in Dry Dust Collection Systems (1983)

To reduce the risk of dust explosions in propellant and explosive manufacturing plants, dust is captured as it is generated and transported through ducts to filters, separators, or collectors. However, the dust collection systems may potentially contribute to the accident potential within the plant. A series of site visits was made to measure the electrostatic potential buildup and the dust concentration levels in ducting actually present during normal plant operations. These data provide a base of plant operating conditions upon which one may evaluate the safety of dry dust collection systems. A survey was conducted to determine if off-the-shelf instrumentation exists which will measure dust concentrations dynamically at levels within the explosive range. Most dust explosive characterizations are conducted using the Hartmann apparatus. This instrument is useful for evaluating relative characteristics of dusts. However, it has been shown that this instrument underpredicts both the peak pressure and the pressure rise rate for full-scale explosions. In designing explosion venting or explosion-resistant structures, data obtained in larger chambers are needed to allow the prediction of full- scale trends. A series of experiments was conducted using 40- and 1000-liter vessels to characterize the peak pressure and pressure rise rate for several explosive dusts.
Physico‐chemical characteristics of Longissimus lumborum muscle in goats subjected to halal slaughter and anesthesia (halothane) pre‐slaughter (2015)

This study assessed the effect of halal slaughter and anesthesia pre-slaughter followed by bleeding on meat quality characteristics of goats. Eleven male Boer cross goats were divided into two groups and subjected to either halal slaughter (HS) or anesthesia with halothane and propofol pre-slaughter (AS). At pre-rigor, HS had significantly lower (P < 0.05) muscle pH and glycogen than AS. However, no significant difference was observed in the pH and glycogen content between the treatments on 1, 3 and 7 days post mortem. The drip loss of HS was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of AS at all aging periods. Treatment had no effect on sarcomere length, myofibrillar fragmentation index and shear force values, loss of thiol groups and degradation of major myofibrillar proteins. It can be concluded that HS did not have deleterious effect on meat quality traits of goat when compared to AS.
Development of new processes for welding of thermal Al-Cu solar absorbers using diode lasers (2011)

Flat-plate solar collectors are favorable devices to generate heat from the energy of the sun. The central part of a collector, the solar absorber, is a front-coated aluminum sheet with a copper tube fixed on the back side in order to transport heated liquid. Nowadays, the absorber is often fabricated by laser welding with two flashlamp-pumped Nd:YAG lasers which provide high peak pulse powers. A disadvantage of this procedure is the high electrical energy consumption. Research on new laser welding processes is aimed to reduce the amount of energy required. Diode lasers allow processing with higher efficiency, due to a better absorption behavior of the aluminum sheet. Accordingly, two different processes have been developed. The first one, using two laser sources in pulsed mode, is similar to the industrial process, but enables an extension of the spot welds in order to increase the joint strength. In contrast, the second process requires only one laser source to weld the tube on both sides, using a scanner system which is integrated in a newly developed innovative laser processing head. By adopting these processes, significant energy savings during the production of solar absorbers can be achieved, ensuring high process reliability at the same time.