gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Differentiation in Barley (2008)

Variation in response to local conditions that affect growth and reproduction is a crucial means by which plants optimize their fitness. However, the underlying genetic loci that control differences between populations are generally unknown. Verhoeven et al. have investigated the local adaptation in two wild barley populations by measuring the response to habitat in lines with mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting flowering time, relative growth rate, and seed weight. When individuals were transplanted reciprocally between environments, there were differences in the degree of selection on QTLs affecting flowering time, suggesting that it is a target of habitat-specific natural selection and that this adaptation may contribute to population-level divergence. — LMZ
A technological platform to optimize combinatorial treatment design and discovery for chronic spinal cord injury (2008)

Chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with the development of serious medical concerns. In fact, it is increasingly well documented that most SCI patients who survive the first 24 hr will rapidly develop, within a few months to a few years, cardiovascular problems, type II diabetes, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, immune deficiencies, and other life-threatening problems. The cellular mechanisms underlying these so-called secondary health complications remain unclear, and no drug or standard approach has been developed to specifically treat these complications. To investigate the cellular and metabolic changes associated with chronic SCI and functional recovery, work mainly from our laboratory recently has led to the characterization of a mouse model of chronic paraplegia. This review reports cellular, systemic, and metabolic changes (associated mainly with secondary health complications) occurring within a few days to a few weeks after SCI in low-thoracic spinal cord-transected mice. We also describe our research platform developed to ease technological transfer and to accelerate drug-screening studies in animals. A global understanding of the many chronic changes occurring after SCI together with efficient tools and approaches for testing new or existing drug candidates is likely to yield the design of innovative treatments against secondary complications that combine cellular plasticity-modulating agents, locomotor network-activating drugs, hormonal therapy, and exercise training.
Elastocaloric Cooling With Ni-Ti Based Alloys: Material Characterization and Process Variation (2015)

Solid state refrigeration processes, such as magnetocaloric and electrocaloric refrigeration, have recently shown to be a promising alternative to conventional compression refrigeration. A new solid state elastocaloric refrigeration process using the latent heats within Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) could also hold potential in this field. This work investigates the elastocaloric effects in Ni-Ti-based superelastic Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) systems for use in an elastocaloric cooling processes. Ni-Ti alloys exhibits large latent heats and a small mechanical hysteresis, which may potentially lead to the development of an efficient environmentally friendly solid-state cooling system, without the need for ozone-depleting refrigerants. A systematic investigation of the SMA is conducted using a novel custom-built scientific testing platform specifically designed to measure cooling process related phenomena. This testing system is capable of performing tensile tests at high rates as well as measuring and controlling the solid-state heat transfer between SMA and heat source/heat sink. Tests are conducted following a cooling process related training cycle where the material has achieved stabilized behavior. First, a characterization of the elastocaloric material properties is performed followed by an investigation of the material under cooling process conditions. A comprehensive monitoring of the mechanical and thermal parameters enables the observation of temperature changes during mechanical cycling of the SMA at high strain rates. These observations can be used to study the rate dependent efficiency of the elastocaloric material. The measurement of the temperature of both the heat source/heat sink and the SMA itself, as well as the required mechanical work during a running cooling process, reveals the influence of the operating conditions on the elastocaloric effect of the material. Furthermore investigations of the process efficiency at different thermal boundary conditions (temperature of heat source/heat sink), indicates that the process is dependent on the boundary conditions which have to be controlled in order to optimize the efficiency.
Measurement of bitumen coverage of stones for road building, based on digital image analysis (2012)

The top layer of a road is made up of a mixture of stones and bitumen and the durability is dependent on how well the bitumen adheres to the stones. The standard way of determining the bitumen coverage in the industry is the so called rolling bottle method, where a number of stones covered with bitumen are put in a rolling bottle and the bitumen coverage is estimated after different times. This paper describes a novel method for measuring the bitumen coverage of the stones by using advanced segmentation methods instead of manual inspection. The stones are put on a table and a number of images with different exposure times are taken. The images are normalized and the stones are segmented from the background based on a threshold obtained from an optimality criterion. Then the bitumen covered parts of the stones are segmented based on a graph-cut method. The results are compared to manual inspection and are well in agreement with these.
Modified Cyclodextrins Solubilize Elemental Sulfur in Water and Enable Biological Sulfane Sulfur Delivery (2020)

An important form of biological sulfur is sulfane sulfur, or S&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;, which is found in polysulfide and persulfide compounds as well as in elemental sulfur. Sulfane sulfur, often in the form of S&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;, functions as a key energy source in the metabolic processes of thermophilic Archaean organisms found in sulfur-rich environments and can be metabolized both aerobically and anaerobically by different archaeons. Despite this importance, S&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt; has a low solubility in water (~19 nM), raising questions of how it can be solubilized and made chemically accessible in complex environments. Motivated by prior crystallographic data showing S&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt; binding to hydrophobic motifs in filamentous glycoproteins from the sulfur reducing &lt;i&gt;Staphylothermus marinus&lt;/i&gt; anaerobe, we demonstrate that simple hydrophobic motifs, such as 2-hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (2HPβ), are sufficient solubilize S&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt; at concentrations up to 2.0 ± 0.2 mM in aqueous solution. We demonstrate that the solubilized S&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt; is chemically accessible, can be reduced with &lt;i&gt;tris&lt;/i&gt;(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), and reacts with thiols to generate H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S. The thiol-mediated conversion of 2HPβ/S&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt; to H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S ranges from 80% to quantitative efficiency for Cys and glutathione (GSH). Moreover, we demonstrate that 2HPβ can catalyze the reaction of Cys-mediated reduction of S&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt; to H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S in water. Adding to the biological relevance of the developed systems, we demonstrate that treatment of Raw 264.7 macrophage cells with the 2HPβ/S&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt; complex prior to LPS stimulation reduces NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;–&lt;/sup&gt; levels, which is consistent with known activities of bioavailable H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S and sulfane sulfur. Taken together, these investigations provide a new strategy for delivering H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S and sulfane sulfur in complex systems and more importantly provide new insights into the chemical accessibility and storage of S&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt; and S&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt; in biological environments.
Estime et respect de soi, justice, reconnaissance (1998)

critique et la reconstruction de l'éthique théologique, à paraître dans un ouvrage en préparation.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Extended-release carbidopa-levodopa (IPX066) compared with immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind trial. (2013)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Extended-release carbidopa-levodopa (IPX066) compared with immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind trial.
Influence of water activity on hydration of tricalcium aluminate‐calcium sulfate systems (2020)

Abstract The hydration of tricalcium silicate (C 3 S)—the major phase in cement—is effectively arrested when the activity of water ( a H ) decreases below the critical value of 0.70. While it is implicitly understood that the reduction in a H suppresses the hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C 3 A: the most reactive phase in cement), the dependence of kinetics of C 3 A hydration on a H and the critical a H at which hydration of C 3 A is arrested are not known. This study employs isothermal microcalorimetry and complementary material characterization techniques to elucidate the influence of a H on the hydration of C 3 A in [C 3 A + calcium sulfate (C$) + water] pastes. Reductions in water activity are achieved by partially replacing the water in the pastes with isopropanol. The results show that with decreasing a H , the kinetics of all reactions associated with C 3 A (eg, with C$, resulting in ettringite formation; and with ettringite, resulting in monosulfoaluminate formation) are proportionately suppressed. When a H ≤0.45, the hydration of C 3 A and the precipitation of all resultant hydrates are arrested; even in liquid saturated systems. In addition to—and separate from—the experiments, a thermodynamic analysis also indicates that the hydration of C 3 A does not commence or advance when a H ≤0.45. On the basis of this critical a H , the solubility product of C 3 A ( K C3A ) was estimated as 10 −20.65 . The outcomes of this work articulate the dependency of C 3 A hydration and its kinetics on water activity, and establish—for the first time—significant thermodynamic parameters (ie, critical a H and K C3A ) that are prerequisites for numerical modeling of C 3 A hydration.
A precise measurement of some nonlinear effects and its application to the evaluation of nonlinear elastic constants of quartz and GaPO/sub 4/ (2003)

This paper deals with a precise measurement of amplitude frequency and intermodulation effects, and its application to the evaluation of nonlinear elastic constants of quartz and gallium orthophosphate (GaPO4). An evaluation is based on the methods used previously concerning determination of the higher-order material constants in the quartz. Using a measurement of the intermodulation products and measurement of drive level dependence of resonant frequency of quartz resonators, we have determined some effective elastic constants of fourth order. The computer-based method of solution of the set of equations gives an access to obtain a number of effective nonlinear stiffnesses of fourth order. The measurements and computer solutions are performed on different Y-cuts resonators, both for quartz and gallium orthophosphate resonators, vibrating in fundamental thickness shear mode. The experimental results are discussed.
Timing of adjuvant chemotherapy initiation after surgery for stage III colon cancer (2006)

In the older population that was studied, only 9% of patients initiated adjuvant chemotherapy >3 months after the date of curative surgery. However, delay in initiation was associated with both cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. Determining whether these results were because of chemotherapy timing or other associated factors will require further study.
Research on CO2 Detection System in Refrigerated Compartment of Agricultural Products Based on TDLAS Technology (2019)

In the process of transporting refrigerated vehicle, the respiration of agricultural products after collection produces CO2 and other gases, resulting in pollution, deterioration, and waste. This paper uses TDLAS technology to design the CO2 detection system in refrigerated compartments, which is specially designed to deal with external disturbance factors such as detector noise, optical interference fringes and low temperature in refrigerated compartments. At last, it analyzes several CO2 data preprocessing methods, for example, starting point alignment, bulky error rejecting, sampling point wavelength corresponding, multicycle average, smooth filtering and eigenvalue extraction. The experiment shows that the data preprocessing method of current tuning in this system can accurately detect CO2 in refrigerated compartments. The total average relative concentration error is 1.2%, and the root mean square error is 0.07%, which provides a reliable technical support to food quality improve and refrigerated preservation of agricultural products.
Oncologic outcomes in men with metastasis to the prostatic anterior fat pad lymph nodes: a multi-institution international study (2015)

There was no significant difference in the rate of BCR between the PAFP LN+ and PLN+ groups. The PAFP likely represents a landing zone that is different from the PLNs for PCa metastasis. Therefore, the removal and pathologic analysis of PAFP should be adopted as a standard procedure in all patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.
STARFIRE: hypervelocity railgun development for high-pressure research (1989)

STARFIRE has included efforts to identify and solve the problems that have inhibited reliable attainment of velocities greater than the 8 to 9 km/s attainable with two-stage light-gas guns (2SLGG). Issues studied include plasma arc formation and stabilization, restrike inhibition, viscous drag, ratio of preload to operating stresses, barrel joint design, and barrel precision requirements. The system uses a 2SLGG as an injector to minimize barrel ablation and armature contamination. Hydrogen is used as the injection gas and will also serve to reduce the probability of forming secondary arcs. An optical Doppler system is used to measure the projectile velocity continuously and precisely from a standing start in the 2SLGG barrel, through several joints, the HELEOS (hypervelocity experimental launcher for equation of state) railgun barrel, and postlaunch. The STARFIRE program is focused on the combined use of precision diagnostics and new experimental techniques. Test results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The effects of aspirated thickened water on survival and pulmonary injury in a rabbit model (2017)

NA. Laryngoscope, 128:327-331, 2018.
THE HYDROTHERMAL RECRYSTALLIZATION OF METAMICT ALLANITE-(Ce) (2010)

Samples of metamict allanite-(Ce) originating from granite pegmatites were recrystallized by heating in air and under hydrothermal conditions. Recrystallization in air resulted in partial recovery of the crystal structure at 650°C. Heating at higher temperatures resulted in decomposition of the allanite structure to a multiphase assemblage containing hematite, cerianite, feldspar, britholite and thorianite. To our knowledge, this is the first report of thorianite as a breakdown product of allanite in literature. The collapse of the structure is mainly related to the removal of structural H 2 O. Recrystallization under hydrothermal conditions yielded a more rapid and complete recovery of the structure at lower temperatures, without the appearance of additional phases. The stability of the allanite structure during hydrothermal recrystallization is related to the retention of OH − groups, available because of the aqueous environment of recrystallization. Also, H 2 O promotes a more rapid and efficient recrystallization due to the enhanced diffusion of cations. Crystallite size and strain calculation also record evidence of the recovery of the structure of damaged allanite.
THE DEVELOPMENT, EVALUATION, AND DEPLOYMENT OF HEAVY VEHICLE INTELLIGENT COMMUNICATION AND POWERING ENHANCEMENT SYSTEMS (1998)

The trucking industry, through the formation of the Technology Demonstrator Consortium, has worked collaboratively with the Government to address the dynamics, both applications and limitations, of developing comprehensive powering and communication systems in heavy-duty vehicles. Two technology vehicles were used to demonstrate, deploy, and evaluate powering and communication interconnect technologies, as well as supporting technologies, i.e., safety, warning, and lighting systems. The test vehicles used the standard industry electrical connectors, which also served as communication channels to transmit SAE J1708, J1939, and power line carrier signals. The transfer of data between tractor and trailer, and the utilization of this information by various electrical subsystems, occurs as a result of effective powering and communication systems. The human factors element, although subjective, reflecting personal bias, perceptions, and experience, is also critical in examining the effectiveness of technology. The technology vehicles were placed into active fleet service, where their performance was evaluated according to maintenance/repair records, and mechanic/driver feedback. The industry/government needs to continue developing and evaluating current powering/communication systems to meet the demands and challenges of technological advancements. The future success of the trucking industry will depend on its ability to embrace changes, particularly those that impact its productivity, safety, and competitiveness.
Inhibition of MEK/ERK1/2 signalling alters endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in an agonist-dependent manner (2006)

eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) activity is post-translationally regulated in a complex fashion by acylation, protein-protein interactions, intracellular trafficking and phosphorylation, among others. Signalling pathways that regulate eNOS activity include phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt, cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases [PKA (protein kinase A) and PKG], PKC, as well as ERKs (extracellular-signal-regulated kinases). The role of ERKs in eNOS activation remains controversial. In the present study, we have examined the role of ERK1/2 in eNOS activation in HUVEC-CS [transformed HUVEC (human umbilical-vein endothelial cells)] as well as a widely used model for eNOS study, transiently transfected COS-7 cells. U0126 pretreatment of HUVEC-CS potentiated ATP-stimulated eNOS activity, independent of changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). In COS-7 cells transiently expressing ovine eNOS, U0126 potentiated A23187-stimulated eNOS activity, but inhibited ATP-stimulated activity. Compensatory changes in phosphorylation of five key eNOS residues did not account for changes in A23187-stimulated activity. However, in the case of ATP, altered phosphorylation and changes in [Ca2+]i may partially contribute to U0126 inhibition of activity. Finally, seven eNOS alanine mutants of putative ERK1/2 targets were generated and the effects of U0126 pretreatment on eNOS activity were gauged with A23187 and ATP treatment. T97A-eNOS was the only construct significantly different from wild-type after U0126 pretreatment and ATP stimulation of eNOS activation. In the present study, eNOS activity was either potentiated or inhibited in COS-7 cells, suggesting agonist dependence for MEK/ERK1/2 signalling [where MEK is MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK kinase] to eNOS and a complex mechanism including [Ca2+]i, phosphorylation and, possibly, intracellular trafficking.
2A1-R09 Human-Robot Collaborative Control in Mobile Environment : A Simulation Study of the Adaptive Contact-based Trajectory Control for Prioritizing the Robot(Wheeled Robot / Tracked Vehicle (1)) (2013)

Conventional researches on human-robot collaborative motion, almost in its entirety, always emphasize on safety and therefore prioritize humans. However, in a congested area this approach will result in a highly inefficient robot motion. This paper proposes a method wherein, we utilize contact and shoulder turning behavior to induce a desired trajectory on a passing human. Through the use of contact and shoulder turning we try to prioritize the robot. We analyze the effectiveness of our proposed system through simulations. The results of the simulations show that the above method can be realized to produce a safe and highly efficient motion.
A 12-Bit 3.3MS/S pipeline cyclic ADC with correlated level shifting technique (2017)

This paper presents a prototype of 12-bit, 3.3MS/s non-binary pipeline cyclic analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with correlated level shifting (CLS) technique and an on-chip non-binary to binary logic block. The proposed ADC is designed in 4-stage pipeline structure, and each pipeline stage is a non-binary cyclic ADC based on ß-expansion, which tolerates the non-idealities of capacitor mismatch and finite amplifier gain. We also provide the CLS technique for cyclic ADC stage to obtain high SNR with small capacitors in low supply voltage. Furthermore, this ADC includes an on-chip non-binary to binary conversion logic block. The radix-value self-estimation and non-binary to binary encode functions are realized by simple digital circuits. A proof-of-concept ADC is designed and fabricated in 90nm CMOS technology. Measured ENOB = 10.45bit is achieved while a 208kHz sinusoid input is sampled at 3.3MS/s. The dynamic input range of ADC is extended to 1.8V while the supply voltage of 1.2V.
Supplementary Table S4 from <i>(R)</i>-2-Hydroxyglutarate Inhibits KDM5 Histone Lysine Demethylases to Drive Transformation in <i>IDH</i>-Mutant Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S4 shows the list of custom minipool sgRNA target genes.&lt;/p&gt;
Functional analyses of STIM1 mutations reveal a common pathomechanism for tubular aggregate myopathy and Stormorken syndrome (2019)

ABSTRACT Tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM) is a progressive disorder essentially involving muscle weakness, cramps, and myalgia. TAM clinically overlaps with Stormorken syndrome (STRMK), associating TAM with miosis, thrombocytopenia, hyposplenism, ichthyosis, short stature, and dyslexia. TAM and Stormorken syndrome arise from gain-of-function mutations in STIM1 or ORAI1 , both encoding key regulators of Ca 2+ homeostasis, and mutations in either gene results in excessive Ca 2+ entry. The pathomechanistic similarities and differences of TAM and Stormorken syndrome are only partially understood. Here we provide functional in cellulo experiments demonstrating that STIM1 harboring the TAM D84G or the STRMK R304W mutation similarly cluster and exert a dominant effect on the wild-type protein. Both mutants recruit ORAI1 to the clusters, induce major nuclear import of the Ca 2+ -dependent transcription factor NFAT, and trigger the formation of circular membrane stacks. In conclusion, the analyzed TAM and STRMK mutations have a comparable impact on STIM1 protein function and downstream effects of excessive Ca 2+ entry, highlighting that TAM and Stormorken syndrome involve a common pathomechanism.