gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internet of Things Platform for Smart Farming: Experiences and Lessons Learnt (2016)

Improving farm productivity is essential for increasing farm profitability and meeting the rapidly growing demand for food that is fuelled by rapid population growth across the world. Farm productivity can be increased by understanding and forecasting crop performance in a variety of environmental conditions. Crop recommendation is currently based on data collected in field-based agricultural studies that capture crop performance under a variety of conditions (e.g., soil quality and environmental conditions). However, crop performance data collection is currently slow, as such crop studies are often undertaken in remote and distributed locations, and such data are typically collected manually. Furthermore, the quality of manually collected crop performance data is very low, because it does not take into account earlier conditions that have not been observed by the human operators but is essential to filter out collected data that will lead to invalid conclusions (e.g., solar radiation readings in the afternoon after even a short rain or overcast in the morning are invalid, and should not be used in assessing crop performance). Emerging Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, such as IoT devices (e.g., wireless sensor networks, network-connected weather stations, cameras, and smart phones) can be used to collate vast amount of environmental and crop performance data, ranging from time series data from sensors, to spatial data from cameras, to human observations collected and recorded via mobile smart phone applications. Such data can then be analysed to filter out invalid data and compute personalised crop recommendations for any specific farm. In this paper, we present the design of SmartFarmNet, an IoT-based platform that can automate the collection of environmental, soil, fertilisation, and irrigation data; automatically correlate such data and filter-out invalid data from the perspective of assessing crop performance; and compute crop forecasts and personalised crop recommendations for any particular farm. SmartFarmNet can integrate virtually any IoT device, including commercially available sensors, cameras, weather stations, etc., and store their data in the cloud for performance analysis and recommendations. An evaluation of the SmartFarmNet platform and our experiences and lessons learnt in developing this system concludes the paper. SmartFarmNet is the first and currently largest system in the world (in terms of the number of sensors attached, crops assessed, and users it supports) that provides crop performance analysis and recommendations.
The Synthesis of Silica Nanospheres Doped with Polyoxometalates (2005)

The hetero-polyoxometalate (POM) Na13[Eu(SiMoW10O39)2] displayed enhanced luminescence when coordinated to compounds with a common amine functionality. The POM was then doped into silica spheres and was found to be confined to the particle core when added with an amine-based polymer.
110 GHz vector modulator for adaptive software-controlled transmitters (2001)

A 110 GHz MMIC vector modulator for use in low-cost, high-performance, radar and communication transmitters is presented. The circuit consists of two push-pull (bi-phase) attenuators arranged in phase quadrature and has dimensions of 1.7/spl times/ 1.4 mm/sup 2/. The fabricated MMIC has been characterized by means of static S-parameter measurements and shows a minimum insertion loss of 12 dB at 110 GHz, Using these measurements, the required baseband input levels for a 64-QAM static constellation were determined. These levels were then applied at 10 MSample/s, by an arbitrary waveform generator, to demonstrate a 60 Mb/s data rate transmitter operating at 110 GHz. To date, this represents the highest reported RF frequency for direct multilevel carrier modulation using monolithic technology.
A novel device for continuous flow magnetic trapping and sorting of human cells using flat micro-patterned NdFeB films (2010)

International audience
Liquid crystal delivery of ciprofloxacin to treat infections of the female reproductive tract (2019)

Infections of the female reproductive tract are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, requiring significant investment to sustain treatment and representing a major challenge to health. The increasing prevalence of bacterial resistance, and an almost complete absence of new antibiotic therapies for the past five decades, mean there is a desperate need for novel approaches to the treatment of bacterial infections. Within the present study, we demonstrate the effective ex vivo treatment of bacterial infection of the female reproductive tract using a controlled-release, liquid crystal-based platform. Liquid crystal encapsulation of ciprofloxacin significantly enhanced its bactericidal efficacy and reduced cell toxicity. Liquid crystal structures are low-cost, simple to manufacture and provide a sustained-release profile of encapsulated ciprofloxacin. Treatment of Escherichia coli infected reproductive tract epithelial cells and whole organ cultures with liquid crystal encapsulated ciprofloxacin proved to be an effective strategy for reducing bacterial load and reproductive tract inflammatory responses to infection. These data suggest that such an approach could provide an efficacious treatment modality for enhancing the effectiveness of current antibiotic therapies.
Synthesis of Transition‐Metal Exchanged Nanocrystalline ZSM‐5 and Their Application in Electrochemical Oxidation of Glucose and Methanol (2012)

Abstract Nanocrystalline ZSM‐5 was prepared using propyltriethoxysilane. Materials were characterized by a complementary combination of X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption, and scanning electron microscopy. Transition‐metal ion exchanged nanocrystalline ZSM‐5‐modified electrodes were constructed for the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose and methanol. A non‐enzymatic electrochemical sensor based on a Ni 2+ ‐exchanged nanocrystalline ZSM‐5‐modified electrode exhibits the highest sensing ability, whereas the corresponding Cu 2+ ‐exchanged electrode exhibits the highest current sensitivity for glucose oxidation. Among the variety of electrodes modified with transition‐metal ion exchanged nanocrystalline ZSM‐5, the Ni 2+ ‐exchanged electrode exhibits high current sensitivity and sensing ability in methanol oxidation. Electrocatalytic activity of conventional ZSM‐5‐modified electrodes was significantly low compared to nanocrystalline ZSM‐5‐modified electrodes. Enhancement in the electrocatalytic activities of nanocrystalline ZSM‐5‐modified electrodes can be correlated with the enhanced accessibility of glucose/methanol to M 2+ active centers in the nanocrystalline ZSM‐5 owing to its large specific surface area and intercrystalline mesopores. The sensor was applied directly to determine glucose concentration in adult human blood serum, and the precision of the method was found to be satisfactory. The non‐enzymatic sensor exhibited excellent reproducibility, repeatability, stability, and antifouling ability for direct determination of glucose in human blood serum.
Variable contribution of protein kinases to the generation of the human phosphoproteome: a global weblogo analysis (2010)

In an attempt to evaluate the contribution of individual protein kinases to the generation of the human phosphoproteome, we performed a global weblogo analysis exploiting a database of 45641 phosphosites (80% pSer, 11% pTyr, 9% pThr). The outcome of this analysis was then interpreted by comparison with similar logos constructed from bona fide phospoacceptor sites of individual pleiotropic kinases. The main conclusions that were drawn are as follows: (i) the hallmarks surrounding phosphorylated Ser/Thr residues are more pronounced than and sharply different from those found around phosphorylated Tyr, which is consistent with the view that local consensus sequences are particularly important for substrate recognition by Ser/Thr protein kinases. (ii) Only six residues are positively selected around phosphorylated Ser/Thr residues, notably Pro (particularly at n+1), Glu, and to a lesser extent Asp, at various positions with special reference to n+3, Arg (and to a much lesser extent Lys), particularly at n-3 and n-5, and Ser, at various positions, particularly n+4 and n-4. (iii) This composite signature reflects the contribution of kinases whose bona fide substrates exhibit logos partially overlapping that of the whole phosphoproteome. These are Pro-directed kinases belonging to the CMGC group, some basophilic kinases belonging to the ACG and CAMK groups, phosphate-directed kinases such as GSK3 and members of the CK1 group and the individual highly acidophilic CK2. Collectively taken our data support the concept that a relatively small number of highly pleiotropic kinases contribute to the generation of the great majority of the human Ser/Thr phosphoproteome.
SEE Measurements and Simulations Using Mono-Energetic GeV-Energy Hadron Beams (2013)

International audience
Object-Based Analysis of Airborne LiDAR Data for Building Change Detection (2014)

Building change detection is useful for land management, disaster assessment, illegal building identification, urban growth monitoring, and geographic information database updating. This study proposes an automatic method that applies object-based analysis to multi-temporal point cloud data to detect building changes. The aim of this building change detection method is to identify areas that have changed and to obtain from-to information. In this method, the data are first preprocessed to generate two sets of digital surface models (DSMs), digital elevation models, and normalized DSMs from registered old and new point cloud data. Thereafter, on the basis of differential DSM, candidates for changed building objects are identified from the points in the smooth areas by using a connected component analysis technique. The random sample consensus fitting algorithm is then used to distinguish the true changed buildings from trees. The changed building objects are classified as “newly built”, “taller”, “demolished” or “lower” by using rule-based analysis. Finally, a test data set consisting of many buildings of different types in an 8.5 km2 area is selected for the experiment. In the test data set, the method correctly detects 97.8% of buildings larger than 50 m2. The accuracy of the method is 91.2%. Furthermore, to decrease the workload of subsequent manual checking of the result, the confidence index for each changed object is computed on the basis of object features.
Diagnosis of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection: Evaluation of Serologic and Hematologic Tests by a Direct Infectivity Detection Assay (1977)

SUMMARY This study shows that the syncytia infectivity assay ( sia ) is more sensitive than electron microscopy for the direct diagnosis of bovine leukemia virus ( blv ) infection. The sia was also applied in a critical assessment of the value of the virus-neutralization, immunofluorescent, and agar gel diffusion tests for the diagnosis of blv infection in cattle ranging in age from birth to adulthood. The virus-neutralization test is based on the specific inhibition of blv -induced syncytia by serum antibodies directed against the virion envelope antigens. The immunofluorescent test uses acetone-fixed blv -infected lymphocytes as targets and detects antibodies to the major internal virion antigen. The agar gel immunodiffusion test (using ether-treated blv ) detects antibodies to the same viral antigen. Of 141 serum samples obtained from actively infected cattle, 140 (99%) were positive in the virus-neutralization antibody test. Conversely, antibodies were not detected in any of the 137 samples collected from uninfected cattle before nursing and after 7 months of age. The virus-neutralization antibody test may therefore be used to identify both blv infected and uninfected cattle. Eighty-nine percent of the serum samples from infected cattle were positive in the immunofluorescent test. In contrast, the agar gel immunodiffusion test failed to detect viral antibodies in 64% of the serum samples from infected cattle that were positive in the virus-neutralization test. Only 28.5% of the adult cattle infected with blv were positive in a hematologic key for persistent lymphocytosis. After the ingestion of colostrum, and until the age of 3 to 5 months, maternal antibodies against blv were detected in both blv -infected and noninfected calves born to infected dams. Thus, the diagnosis of blv infection in this age span requires direct demonstration of the virus by the sia . As shown by the present results, neither passively acquired nor actively produced antibodies are effective in arresting an established blv infection in cattle. The present work extends previous results from this laboratory showing that prenatal vertical transmission of blv occasionally occurs.
Practical aspects and procedures, including conditioning protocols and haploidentical transplantation (2013)

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Molecular Characterization of Tobacco Sulfite Reductase: Enzyme Purification, Gene Cloning, and Gene Expression Analysis (1998)

A cDNA clone, NtSiR1, that encodes the precursor of ferredoxin-dependent sulfite reductase (Fd-SiR) has been isolated from a cDNA library of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR1). The identity of the cDNA was established by comparison of the purified protein and the predicted structure with the nucleotide sequence. The amino terminus of the purified enzyme was Thr62 of the precursor protein, and the mature region of NtSiR1 consisted of 632 amino acids. Tobacco Fd-SiR is 82, 77, and 48% identical with Fd-SiRs from Zea mays, Arabidopsis thaliana, and a cyanobacterium, respectively. Significant similarity was also found with Escherichia coli NADPH-SiR in the region involved in ligation of siroheme and the [4Fe-4S] cluster. On Northern blot analysis, a transcript of NtSiR1 was detected in leaves, stems, roots, and petals in similar amounts. We also isolated a genomic SiR clone named gNtSiR1. It consists of 8 exons and 7 introns. Genomic Southern blot analysis indicated that at least two SiR genes are present in the tobacco genome.
Spectral changes in bovine factor X associated with activation by the venom coagulant protein of Vipera russelli. (1976)

Bovine Factor X is a zymogen involved in blood coagulation that is converted to activated Factor X in the presence of Ca(II) by the coagulant protein of Russell's viper venom. To monitor structural transitions in Factor X during conversion to activated Factor X, the ultraviolet absorption, fluorescence emission, and circular dichroism spectra of activated Factor X and Factor X were compared. The ultraviolet absorption difference spectrum in the aromatic region comparing activated Factor X and Factor X indicates minima at 292.5, 285, and 278 nm and a small maximum at 305 nm; these differences are due to tryptophan and tyrosine perturbations. The activation of Factor X at 25 degrees in the presence of 8.3 mM CaCl2 with the use of Factor X:venom coagulant protein in molar rations of 1500:1 yielded a time-dependent increase in this spectrum which was linear for about 60 min and which temporally paralleled the development of activated Factor X activity. The binding of Ca(II) to factor X or activated Factor X is associated with a red-shifted tryptophan difference spectrum; however, this perturbation appears to make only a small contribution to the total perturbation observed during Factor X activation. Solvent perturbation studies in 20% glycerol suggest that an average of 3.1 tryptophan residues and 9.0 tyrosine residues are exposed to solvent in Factor X in 8.3 mM CaCl2 at pH 7.4; an additional 0.5 tryptophan residue and tyrosine reside become exposed to solvent during activation of Factor X in 8.3 mM CaCl2. The activation of Factor X by the venom coagulant protein is associated with a small red shift in the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence emission spectrum. Far- and near-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectroscopy detected no difference between Factor X and activated Factor X. In summary, the activation of Factor X to activated Factor X appears associated with exposure of tryptophan and tyrosine side chains previously buried within the protein and with minimal changes in the secondary structur. These results suggest that conversion of Factor X to activated Factor X involves functionally important, but structurally subtle, changes in the three-dimentional structure.
Moth‐eye antireflection coating fabricated by nanoimprint lithography on 1 eV dilute nitride solar cell (2012)

ABSTRACT We report on the performance of biomimicked antireflection coating applied to dilute nitride solar cell. The coating consists of nanostructures replicating the moth‐eye geometry and has been fabricated by nanoimprint lithography directly within the window layer covering the dilute nitride absorbing junction. The mean reflectivity within the spectral range of 320–1800 nm remains under 5% for incident angles up to 45°. The effect of the coating on the cell performance was assessed by measuring the current–voltage characteristics under simulated solar illumination. A clear performance increase was identified when comparing a solar cell with the moth‐eye coating with a solar cell having a standard SiN x /SiO 2 coating. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Identity (1997)

A cybernetic model of identity has been proposed by Kerpelman, Pittman, and Lamke (1997) and critiqued by Berzonsky (1997) and Grotevant (1997). This commentary recognizes some of the importantfeatures of the theory and its critics and goes beyond to question what kind of person is being depicted in the Kerpelman et al. article. Some potential shortcomings of identity control system theory are noted. However, the theory has very compelling and potentially useful theoretical dimensions. It is concluded that the theory should be taken seriously and that some logical limitations be reconsidered to enhance its usefulness and logical consistency.
Pharmacological Study on Agkistrodon blomhoffii blomhoffii BOIE. V. Anti-fatigue Effect of the 50% Ethanol Extract in Acute Weight-Loaded Forced Swimming-Treated Rats. (1996)

The anti-fatigue effect of 50% ethanol extract ([M]) from the dried whole body of Agkistrodon blomhoffii blomhoffii BOIE. was investigated using an acute weight-loaded forced swimming (AWLFS) test by monitoring swimming times, blood biochemical parameters, thiobarbiturate-reactive substances (TBARS) as an index of lipid peroxide and antioxidative enzyme activities in blood and tissue. [M] (500 mg/kg/d), given orally for three successive days, significantly prolonged swimming times. It also inhibited the elevation of TBARS in plasma, liver, brain, kidney and soleus, and inhibited the lowering of catalase activity in erythrocyte, liver and soleus. However, it had no inhibitory effect on the elevation of creatine-kinase activity, free fatty acid and lactic acid levels or on the decrease in glucose level in serum. Also, it decreased the plasma TBARS level and increased the superoxide dismutase activity of plasma and erythrocytes in normal rats. From these results, it can be considered that [M] has an anti-fatigue effect.
Synthesis, Structure, Characterization, and Calculations of Two New Sn2+−W6+−oxides, Sn2WO5 and Sn3WO6 (2007)

Two new Sn2+-W6+-oxides, Sn2WO5 and Sn3WO6, have been synthesized hydrothermally, and their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Both materials exhibit layered structural topologies consisting of two edge-shared WO6 octahedra connected to SnO3 and SnO4 polyhedra. Both the W6+ and Sn2+ cations are in locally asymmetric coordination environments attributable to second-order Jahn-Teller effects. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were also performed on the reported materials. Theoretical calculations using the tight binding linear muffin tin orbital method agree with the observed electronic properties of these materials and indicate that the stereoactive lone pair on the Sn2+ is similar for both materials. Crystal data: Sn2WO5, monoclinic, space group P21/n (No. 14), a = 7.994(2) A, b = 13.712(4) A, c = 10.383(3) A, beta = 110.507(3) degrees , V = 1066.0(5) A3, and Z = 4; Sn3WO6, monoclinic, C2/c (No. 15), a = 12.758(3) A, b = 8.0838(16) A, c = 13.865(3) A, beta = 112.49(3) degrees , V = 1321.2(5) A3, and Z = 8.
Artificial immune systems for case based reasoning of unmanned aircraft flight data (2017)

UAS(Unmanned Aerial Systems) mishaps are high, and their pilots face many&#13;\ncontrol challenges. The reliability of UAS has been seen as a dominant mishap&#13;\ncause but in several instances the aircraft could have been saved if the health state&#13;\nof the aircraft had been understood at an earlier point by the pilot. Manned and&#13;\nunmanned aircraft pilots both benefit from the use of their own experience in the&#13;\ndetection and mitigation of faults during flight. However it has been suggested that&#13;\npilots within a GCS(Ground Control Station) face difficulties in maintaining their&#13;\nsituational awareness due to the nature of remote control. The use of a cognitive&#13;\nframework as a basis for case based reasoning is suggested as a way to integrate&#13;\nthrough life learning into the Safety Management System. The population of the&#13;\ncase base for such a system would require a large investment of time to create.&#13;\nThe use of machine learning is suggested and evaluated to address this issue by&#13;\ngenerating cases for CBR. This has seen some success and even the use of an&#13;\nAIS(Artificial Immune System) in this thesis. An AIS was used in order to try&#13;\nto address the problem of cost and time caused by high pre-processing required&#13;\nby common machine learning methods. A simulation of the Aerosonde UAS was&#13;\ncreated and multiple flights simulated to build up a set of representative set flight&#13;\ndata. Several fault cases were included in the simulated flights of varying severities.&#13;\nDifferent machine learning schemes were evaluated using the data set and their&#13;\neffectiveness compared in order to evaluate the ability of the algorithm to learn&#13;\nfrom flight data without extensive pre-processing. The complex dataset made the&#13;\nproblem difficult but in analysis the AIS performed slightly better than the neural&#13;\nnetwork with which it was compared. In due time and with development it's&#13;\ncomputational cost could be reduced and its effectiveness increased. The benefit&#13;\nof an automated method to learn from aircraft incidents and mishaps can readily&#13;\nbe seen in a fleet scenario where it would be uneconomical to analyse flight data&#13;\nof unmanned aircraft in the same way that it would be done for manned aircraft.&#13;\nThis semi-supervised approach reduces personnel requirements and enhances the&#13;\nability of operators to learn from mishaps by relating mishap cases to the current&#13;\nsituation and being transparent in their alerting criteria.
A model for the analysis of enthalpies and entropies of liquid binary alloys (1967)

Abstract The automatic treatment of calculations of chemical equilibrium in homogeneous phases requires analytical representation of the enthalpies and entropies of mixing of the components; therefore various approaches have been investigated, including in particular an attempt to find significant models. The ‘surrounded atom’ model provides a satisfactory method of representing all the thermodynamic characteristics of mixing in binary alloys, on the basis of four adjustable parameters.