gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Audio Defect Detection in Music with Deep Networks (2021)

With increasing amounts of music being digitally transferred from production to distribution, automatic means of determining media quality are needed. Protection mechanisms in digital audio processing tools have not eliminated the need of production entities located downstream the distribution chain to assess audio quality and detect defects inserted further upstream. Such analysis often relies on the received audio and scarce meta-data alone. Deliberate use of artefacts such as clicks in popular music as well as more recent defects stemming from corruption in modern audio encodings call for data-centric and context-sensitive solutions for detection. We present a convolutional network architecture following end-to-end encoder-decoder configuration to develop detectors for two exemplary audio defects. A click detector is trained and compared to a traditional signal processing method, with a discussion on context sensitivity. Additional post-processing is used for data augmentation and workflow simulation. The ability of our models to capture variance is explored in a detector for artefacts from decompression of corrupted MP3 compressed audio. For both tasks we describe the synthetic generation of artefacts for controlled detector training and evaluation. We evaluate our detectors on the large open-source Free Music Archive (FMA) and genre-specific datasets.
Fermentation of Glycerol into Ethanol in a Microbial Electrolysis Cell Driven by a Customized Consortium (2014)

The in situ generation of ethanol from glycerol-containing wastewater shows promise to improve the economics of the biodiesel industry. Consequently, we developed a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) driven by the synergistic metabolisms of the exoelectrogen Geobacter sulfurreducens and the bacterium Clostridium cellobioparum, which fermented glycerol into ethanol in high yields (90%) and produced fermentative byproducts that served as electron donors for G. sulfurreducens. Syntrophic cooperation stimulated glycerol consumption, ethanol production, and the conversion of fermentation byproducts into cathodic H2 in the MEC. The platform was further improved by adaptively evolving glycerol-tolerant strains with robust growth at glycerol loadings typical of biodiesel wastewater and by increasing the buffering capacity of the anode medium. This resulted in additional increases in glycerol consumption (up to 50 g/L) and ethanol production (up to 10 g/L) at rates that greatly exceeded the capacity of the anode biofilms to concomitantly remove the fermentation byproducts. As a result, 1,3-propanediol was generated as a metabolic sink for electrons not converted into electricity syntrophically. The results highlight the potential of consortia to process glycerol in MECs and provide insights into genetic engineering and system design approaches that can be implemented to further improve MEC performance to satisfy industrial needs.
Etiology of Diarrhea Among Hospitalized Children in Blantyre, Malawi, Following Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction: A Case-Control Study (2019)

Despite rotavirus vaccination, diarrhea remains a leading cause of child mortality. We collected stool specimens from 684 children <5 years of age hospitalized with diarrhea (cases) and 527 asymptomatic community controls for 4 years after rotavirus vaccine introduction in Malawi. Specimens were tested for 29 pathogens, using polymerase chain reaction analysis. Three or more pathogens were detected in 71% of cases and 48% of controls. Pathogens significantly associated with diarrhea included rotavirus (in 34.7% of cases and 1.5% of controls), enteric adenovirus (in 29.1% and 2.7%, respectively), Cryptosporidium (in 27.8% and 8.2%, respectively), heat-stable enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (in 21.2% and 8.5%, respectively), typical enteropathogenic E. coli (in 18.0% and 8.3%, respectively), and Shigella/enteroinvasive E. coli (in 15.8% and 5.7%, respectively). Additional interventions are required to prevent diarrhea due to rotavirus and other common causal pathogens.
DNA vaccines expressing antigens with a stress protein‐capturing domain display enhanced immunogenicity (2004)

An expression system for DNA vaccines is described, in which a fusion protein with an N-terminal, viral J-domain that captures heat-shock proteins (Hsps) is translated in-frame with C-terminal antigen-encoding sequences (of various lengths and origins). The system supports enhanced expression of chimeric antigens (of >800 residues in length) with an extended half life (>8 h). When used as a DNA vaccine, it delivers antigen together with the intrinsic adjuvant activity provided by bound Hsps. We describe the design of vectors for DNA vaccination that support the expression of different immunogenic domains of different origins as large, Hsp-capturing chimeric fusion antigens. The immunogenicity of the antigens produced by this expression system (when it is built into DNA vaccines) has been characterized in detail, with particular emphasis on priming CD8+ T-cell responses. We also discuss areas of vaccine research to which the new technology may provide useful contributions.
Downregulation of the microtubule associated protein Tau impairs process outgrowth and myelin basic protein mRNA transport in oligodendrocytes (2015)

Oligodendrocytes, the myelin forming cells of the CNS, are characterized by their numerous membranous extensions, which enwrap neuronal axons and form myelin sheaths. During differentiation oligodendrocytes pass different morphological stages, downregulate the expression of the proteoglycan NG2, and acquire major myelin specific proteins, such as myelin basic proteins (MBP) and proteolipid protein. MBP mRNA is transported in RNA granules along the microtubules (MTs) to the periphery and translated locally. MTs participate in the elaboration and stabilization of the myelin forming extensions and are essential for cellular sorting processes. Their dynamic properties are regulated by microtubule associated proteins (MAPs). The MAP tau is present in oligodendrocytes and involved in the regulation and stabilization of the MT network. To further elucidate the functional significance of tau in oligodendrocytes, we have downregulated tau by siRNA technology and studied the effects on cell differentiation and neuron-glia contact formation. The data show that tau knockdown impairs process outgrowth and leads to a decrease in MBP expression. Furthermore, MBP mRNA transport to distant cellular extensions is impaired and cells remain in the NG2 stage. In myelinating cocultures with dorsal root ganglion neurons, oligodendrocyte precursor cells after tau miR RNA lentiviral knockdown develop into NG2 positive cells with very long and thin processes, contacting axons loosely, but fail to form internodes. This demonstrates that tau is important for MBP mRNA transport and involved in process formation. The disturbance of the balance of tau leads to abnormalities in oligodendrocyte differentiation, neuron-glia contact formation and the early myelination process.
Permeation sampling of halogenated ether priority pollutants (1998)

Abstract A method for the determination of five halogenated ether priority pollutants using time‐weighted‐average concentrations is described. These compounds permeate through a silicone polycarbonate membrane and are trapped onto a Tenax TA™ adsorbent. Compounds of interest are solvent desorbed by acetone, followed by separation and quantitation by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). A linear relationship was found between the amount of halogenated ether trapped onto the Tenax adsorbent and the product of the concentration of ether in solution and the exposure time. Concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 7.2 mg/L for a twenty‐four hour exposure. The temperature of solution was found to alter the pollutant permeation rate. This sampler offers the advantages of providing time‐weighted‐average concentrations with a relatively simple sampling method.
Proceedings of the Industrial Track of the 13th ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Middleware Conference (2012)

PAES has 6 types. Type 2 (25%) and type 3 (30%) are the most common. Patients with this syndrome suffer from aching pain, numbness, and cramping in the calf area when they exercise. It is necessary to include this disease in differential diagnosis to implement early diagnosis, and ultrasonography is a more cheap and simple method for early detection.
Effect of Process Temperature on the Texture Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Rolled and Extruded AZ31 Flat Products (2022)

The application of magnesium flat products is affected by the limited formability at room temperature and the anisotropy of the mechanical properties. The main reason for this is the underlying hexagonal crystal structure of magnesium and the development of strong crystallographic textures during massive forming processes with distinct alignment of basal planes. For an improvement in the properties of semi-finished products, the detailed knowledge of the influence of the manufacturing process on the microstructure and texture evolution of the flat products as a result of dynamic and static recrystallization is required. In this work, flat products made of conventional magnesium alloy AZ31 were manufactured by the rolling process as well as by direct extrusion, with variation in the process temperature. This allowed the development of a distinct variation in microstructures and textures of the flat products. The effects on mechanical properties and formability are highlighted and discussed in relation to the microstructure and texture. It is shown that both the process and the temperature have a major influence on texture and consequently on the material properties.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF MICROPORE FORMATION DURING SUBSTRATE IMPACT OF MOLTEN DROPLETS IN PLASMA SPRAY PROCESSES (1994)

The porosity that is commonly associated with discrete droplet processes, such as plasma spraying and spray deposition, effectively degrades the quality of the sprayed material. In the present study, solidification and micropore formation during the deformation and interaction of molten droplets impinging onto a flat substrate in plasma spray processes have been investigated numerically. The numerical simulation has been accomplished on the basis of the full Navier-Stokes equations and the volume of fluid (VOF) function by using a two-domain method for the thermal field and solidification problem and a two-phase flow continuum model for the flow problem with a growing solid layer. A new phenomenon during the impingement of droplets is found to be responsible for the formation of micropores in the solidified layer. On the basis of this mechanism, some fundamental trends and effects of important processing parameters on microporosity may be reasonably explained, and optimal processing conditions for reducing microporosity may be determined.
Smart Dust: communicating with a cubic-millimeter computer (2001)

The Smart Dust project is probing microfabrication technology's limitations to determine whether an autonomous sensing, computing, and communication system can be packed into a cubic millimeter mote (a small particle or speck) to form the basis of integrated, massively distributed sensor networks. Although we've chosen a somewhat arbitrary size for our sensor systems, exploring microfabrication technology's limitations is our fundamental goal. Because of its discrete size, substantial functionality, connectivity, and anticipated low cost, Smart Dust will facilitate innovative methods of interacting with the environment, providing more information from more places less intrusively.
Regulated Secretion from Hemopoietic Cells (1999)

The process of regulated secretion (reviewed in Bugress and Kelly, 1987) is critical for the correct biological functioning of many different cells of the immune system, most of which are derived from the hemopoietic lineage ([Table 1][1]). For example, T lymphocytes use regulated secretion to
Fuzzy vector quantization algorithms (1994)

This paper presents the development of efficient algorithms employing fuzzy logic for codebook design. These algorithms achieve the quality of vector quantizers provided by computationally demanding approaches, while capturing the advantages of the k-means algorithm, such as speed, simplicity, and conceptual appeal. The development of these algorithms is based on effective strategies for the transition from soft to crisp decisions during the clustering process. The uncertainty associated with training vector assignment is quantitatively measured by various families of membership functions, including those used in fuzzy k-means algorithms. The application of the proposed algorithms in image compression based on vector quantisation provides the basis for evaluating their computational efficiency and comparing the quality of the resulting codebook design with that provided by competing techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Testamentary Revocation by Subsequent Instrument (1934)

Wills may be revoked by act to the document, by operation of law and by subsequent instrument.This discussion is confined to the latter method.It does not deal with such closely related matters as revival, revocation occasioned or prevented by fraud, nor as far as may be avoided, with dependent relative revocation.These latter matters are not peculiar to revocation by subsequent instrument and they deserve and have largely received adequate treatment elsewhere.The subsequent revocation may, of course, be by will or by codicil and in most states by a "writing declaring the same" executed in the manner required for the execution of a will.The will or codicil may contain an express revoking clause, or it may be inconsistent totally or partially.No question here arises, however, as to the possibility of partial revocation, since the question whether it is possible or not becomes a problem only when the attempt is made by an act to the document.The two oatstanding factors are: (a) inconsistency generally of the later writing with the earlier will, and (b) inconsistency coupled with the fact that the provisions of the later inconsistent instrument cannot operate, due to some statute or legal rule.Mfore incidental are such inquiries as these matters (c) the revocatory effect of such expressions as "this is my last will"; (d) whether an invalidly executed will may be revocatory; (e) whether a subsequent will inconsistent in its dis-
Adhesion of Bituminous Crack Sealants to Aggregates (2006)

The performance of bituminous sealants in the field is partly controlled by the properties and strength of the sealant-aggregate interface. The thermodynamic work of adhesion represents the energy required for reversible separation of the two materials at the interface. The work of fracture includes the energy required for both reversible and irreversible processes during separation. The excess of work of facture over work of adhesion represents the energy consumed by irreversible processes in the specimen during loading and fracture. In addition, the adhesion strength is related to the properties of the constitutive components. The objective of this study is to measure or predict the adhesion of hot-poured bituminous-based sealant to aggregates of different chemical composition. In order to accomplish this, the work of fracture and the thermodynamic work of adhesion were estimated for 14 hot-poured bituminous-based sealants with two types of aggregate: limestone and quartzite. The work of adhesion for each sealant-aggregate system was calculated from the contact angle measurements of the system components at corresponding sealant installation temperature. In general, limestone showed better adhesion to hot-poured crack sealant than quartzite. Interfacial parameters such as contact angles and surface tensions were successfully used to differentiate between sealants. These findings were in agreement with preliminary testing results of 14 sealants using a newly developed fixture in the direct-tension testing machine. Provided the sealant has an appropriate viscosity to fill the crack, as the sealant surface tension decreases, its adhesion strength increases.
Supplementary Figure 2 from An Essential Requirement for the SCAP/SREBP Signaling Axis to Protect Cancer Cells from Lipotoxicity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF File - 155K, The lipogenic program and growth of glioma cells is SCAP sensitive.&lt;/p&gt;
An Algorithm for Autonomous Aerial Navigation Using Landmarks (2015)

This paper describes a novel approach for vision-based passive navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) suitable for use in outdoor environments. The researchers chose a number of coordinate points on a flat earth model as waypoints. At each waypoint, a number of objects were chosen as landmarks which provided a unique polygonal constellation. Features of these landmarks and waypoints were computed in advance and stored in the database. A 6 degree of freedom kinematic model of a UAV flew from one waypoint to the next waypoint in a detailed simulation which included real aerial imagery. An image of the terrain was captured while approaching the waypoint. An illumination, scale, and rotation invariant algorithm was used to extract landmarks and waypoint features. These features were compared with those in the database. Position drift was computed at each waypoint and used to update the current position of the UAV prior to heading towards the next waypoint. The drift calculated by the vision-based algorithm was used to estimate the error caused primarily by wind and thus estimate the wind speed and direction. Experiments with both computer generated images and real images taken from the UAV flight trial have demonstrated the technique in the presence of wind and Gaussian noise. These results show accuracy of the drift computation algorithm and reliability of the feature matching algorithm under various environmental conditions. These algorithms were compared against other popular algorithms in the field and demonstrate higher performance.
The Sustainable Parcel Delivery (SPD) Problem: Economic and Environmental Considerations for 3PLs (2020)

Sustainability in parcel delivery is a growing area of interest, especially for third-party logistics providers (3PLs). The recent increase of urban population is directly related to the increase request of goods in urban areas, and consequently to the growth of the urban freight transport and CO2 emissions. For these reasons, national and local institutions carried out regulations and incentives to reduce urban pollution and promote zero-emission vehicles. In particular, daily tickets to access to city centers is a common regulation applied to reduce freight transport. This paper presents a new SPD model that compares Eclectic Vehicles (EVs) and Fossil Fuel Vehicles (FFVs) considering economic savings and CO2 emissions, for parcel delivery from a single distribution center to a set of delivery point located inside and/or outside an urban area. Limitations as the daily ticket, the fuel cost, the battery duration are considered to provide 3PLs an innovative model to evaluate both the economic convenience and the environmental impact of its vehicles fleet. Through an explanatory study, economic considerations are carried out, related to the length of the route, the daily ticket cost, and the fuel cost to evaluate and to assess the different transportation options. It demonstrates that EVs are more convenient in terms of economic savings when the route (urban distances) and the daily ticket cost increase.
Quantitative elastography provided by surface acoustic waves measured by phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (2012)

We report on a quantitative elastography technique achieved by combining phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PhS-OCT) with the surface acoustic wave (SAW) method. Different from traditional optical coherence elastography, the elastography is achieved by impulse-stimulated SAW, rather than by shear waves. PhS-OCT serves not only as a detector to measure SAW signals but also as a means to provide a cross-sectional image of the sample. The experimental results indicate that the combination of PhS-OCT with SAW is feasible to provide quantitative elastography of heterogeneous tissue samples.
Euphorbia factor L1 reverses ABCB1‐mediated multidrug resistance involving interaction with ABCB1 independent of ABCB1 downregualtion (2011)

Euphorbia factor L1 (EFL1) belongs to diterpenoids of genus Euphorbia. In this article, its reversal activity against ABCB1-mediated MDR in KBv200 and MCF-7/adr cells was reported. However, EFL1 did not alter the sensitivity of KB and MCF-7 cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Meanwhile, EFL1 significantly increased accumulation of doxorubicin and rhodamine 123 in KBv200 and MCF-7/adr cells, showing no significant influence on that of KB and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, EFL1 could enhance the ATP hydrolysis activity of ABCB1 stimulated by verapamil. At the same time, EFL1 inhibited the efflux of ABCB1 in KBv200 and MCF-7/adr cells. In addition, EFL1 did not downregulate expression of ABCB1 in KBv200 and MCF-7/adr cells either in mRNA or protein level.
VOC emissions influence intra- and interspecific interactions among stored-product Coleoptera in paddy rice (2018)

Olfaction is a pivotal sense for insects and granivorous pests may exploit grain volatiles for food selection. Tribolium confusum, is a secondary pest of stored cereals that benefits from primary pests' infestation, as other secondary feeders, triggering competition. This study aimed to evaluate the preferences of T. confusum females toward different-infested paddy rice, highlighting the impact of intra- and interspecific competition. Tribolium confusum showed positive chemotaxis toward rice infested by larvae of a primary pest (Sitophilus zeamais), but not for grain attacked by adults alone. Furthermore, kernels concurrently infested by a primary (S. zeamais) and a secondary pest (T. confusum or Cryptolestes ferrugineus) were evaluated in Y-tube bioassays, highlighting that both food-sources were innately attractive for T. confusum females. Moreover, females positively oriented toward rice infested by conspecifics, while they avoided grain infested by C. ferrugineus, averting an extremely competitive habitat. Behavioural responses of T. confusum females and volatile emissions of different-infested rice highlighted the occurrence of plant-mediated interactions among insects from the same trophic guild. Seventy volatiles were identified and significant differences among the tested food-sources were recorded, emphasizing the presence of 6 putative attractants and 6 repellents, which may be useful biocontrol tools.