gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of ellagic acid for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases (2020)

Globally, one of the alarming problems is the prevalence and burden of liver diseases, which accounts for 2 million cases per year. Chronic liver aetiologies such as hepatitis infections, alcoholic or non-alcoholic liver disease, environmental agents, and drug-induced toxicity are invariably responsible for liver fibrosis progression to finally hepatocellular carcinoma. Current treatment options are unable to overwhelm and cure liver diseases. Emerging findings suggest researchers' interest in using evidence-based complementary medicine such as ellagic acid with extensive pharmacological properties. They include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidaemic, anti-viral, anti-angiogenic, and anticancer activity. The molecular functions elicited by ellagic acid include scavenging of free radicals, regulation of lipid metabolism, the prohibition of fibrogenesis response-mediating proteins, inhibits hepatic stellate cells and myofibroblasts, restrains hepatic viral replication, facilitates suppression of growth factors, regulates transcription factors, proinflammatory cytokines, augments the liver immune response, fosters apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in tumorigenic cells. This review will most notably focus on preclinical and clinical information based on currently available evidence to warrant ellagic acid's prospective role in preventing liver diseases.
A multi-robot platform for mobile robots &#x2014; A novel evaluation and development approach with multi-agent technology (2012)

In the field of robotics, typical, single-robot systems encounter limits when executing complex tasks. Todays systems often lack flexibility and inter-operability, especially when interaction between participants is necessary. Nevertheless, well developed systems for robotics and for the cognitive and distributive domain are available. What is missing is the common link between these two domains. This work deals with the foundations and methods of a middle layer that joins a multi-agent system with a multi-robot system in a generic way. A prototype system consisting of a multiagent system, a multi-robot system and a middle layer will be presented and evaluated. Its purpose is to combine highlevel cognitive models and information distribution with robot-focused abilities, such as navigation and reactive behavior based artificial intelligence. This enables the assignment of various scenarios to a team of mobile robots.
N O x Emissions of a Premixed Partially Vaporized Kerosene Spray Flame (2006)

Abstract An important question for future aeroengine combustors is how partial vaporization influences the NOx emissions of spray flames. In order to address this question an experimental study of the combustion of partially vaporized kerosene/air mixtures was conducted. This assesses the influence of the degree of fuel vaporization on the NOx emissions in a wide range of equivalence ratios covering the entire lean burning regime. The tests were performed at atmospheric pressure, inlet air temperatures of 313–376K, a reference mean air velocity of 1.35m∕s, and equivalence ratios of 0.6, 0.7, and 0.9 using Jet A1 fuel. An ultrasonic atomizer was used to generate a fuel spray with a Sauter Mean Diameter of approximately 50μm. The spray and the heated air were mixed in a glass tube of 71mm diameter and a variable length of 0.5–1m. The temperature of the mixing air and the length of the preheater tube were used for the control of the degree of vaporization. Downstream of the vaporizing section, the mixture was ignited and the flame was stabilized with a hot wire ring that was electrically heated. For local exhaust measurements a temperature controlled suction probe in combination with a conventional gas analysis system were used. The vaporized ratio of the injected fuel was determined by a Phase Doppler Anemometer (PDA). In order to optimize the accuracy of these measurements extensive validation tests with a patternator method were performed and a calibration curve was derived. The data collected in this study illustrates the effect of the vaporization rate ψ upstream of the flame front on the NOx emissions which changes with varying equivalence ratio and degree of vaporization. In the test case with low prevaporization the equivalence ratio only has a minor influence on the NOx emissions. Experiments made with air preheat and higher degrees of vaporization show two effects: With increasing preheat air temperature, NOx emissions increase due to higher effective flame temperatures. However, with an increasing degree of vaporization, emissions become lower due to the dropping number and size of burning droplets, which act as hot spots. A correction for the effect of the preheat temperature was developed. It reveals the effect of the degree of prevaporization and shows that the NOx emissions are almost independent of ψ for near-stoichiometric operation. At overall lean conditions the NOx emissions drop nonlinearly with ψ. This leads to the conclusion that a high degree of vaporization is required in order to achieve substantial NOx abatement.
Virtual Links Mapping in Future SDN-Enabled Networks (2013)

Software defined networking (SDN) has emerged as an efficient network technology for lowering operating costs through simplified hardware, software and management. Specific research focus has been placed to achieve a successful carrier grade network with SDN, in terms of scalability, reliability, QoS and service management. In the literature, very little material is currently available on traffic engineering (TE) using this technology. This paper presents a novel mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation for a centralised controller to calculate optimal end-to-end virtual paths over the underlying network infrastructure, considering multiple requests simultaneously. Extensive simulation results, over a wide range of underlying network topologies and input parameters, demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms traditional shortest path first (SPF) approaches. In some cases, up to 30 % more virtual connections were satisfactorily mapped onto the same substrate, independent of the number of physical nodes.
Division-of-wave-front thin-film beam splitter for generating binary patterns of orthogonal elliptical polarization states (1988)

A division-of-wave-front thin-film beam splitter is described that reflects monochromatic light at oblique incidence with orthogonal elliptical polarization states. It consists of a metallic substrate partially covered with a transparent thin film that inverts the ratio ρ of the complex p and s reflection coefficients at the principal angle of the metal. Any pattern of coated and uncoated areas of the substrate is imprinted upon the reflected wave front as a corresponding two-dimensional spatial binary polarization pattern. A specific design is given that uses a Au substrate at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. The effects of small errors in the film refractive index, the film thickness, and the angle of incidence are discussed. It is noted that a layer that inverts ρ at a certain (especially high) angle of incidence is an effective ρ-inverting layer at all angles.
Metabolism of 2-napthylamine and benzidine by rat and human bladder organ cultures (1984)

The metabolism of benzidine and 2-naphthylamine, two aromatic amines which are carcinogenic for the human, was investigated in human and rat bladder organ cultures. There was little oxidative metabolism of either carcinogen in either species. In particular, N-hydroxy-2-naphthylamine, a proximate carcinogen of 2-naphthylamine could not be detected. In contrast, large amounts of the acetylated metabolites, N-acetylbenzidine, N,N-diacetylbenzidine and N-acetyl-2-naphthylamine were formed both in rat and human bladder cultures. The results suggest that metabolism of these carcinogens in situ in the bladder is unlikely to contribute to their carcinogenic effect but instead may have a positive protective role.
Platforms and testbeds for experimental evaluation of cognitive ad hoc networks (2010)

This article reviews, discusses, and classifies the existing experimental platforms and testbeds for experimental evaluation of CR ad hoc networks. The article first describes the internal organization of typical existing software defined radio platforms. Then the existing software frameworks are discussed and classified. Consequently, the challenges involved in integration of these platforms to form multihop networks are discussed, and the major efforts for large-scale testbed implementations described. Finally, limitations of existing platforms and future research challenges toward the design of accurate open testbeds that will enable sound experimental evaluation of CR networks are discussed.
A Monte Carlo framework for managing biological variability in manufacture of autologous cell therapy from mesenchymal stromal cells therapies (2020)

Manufacturing processes for autologous cell therapy need to reproducibly generate in specification (quality and quantity) clinical product. However, patient variability prevents the level of control of cell input material that could be achieved in a cell line or allogeneic-based process. We have applied literature data on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells variability to estimate probability distributions for stem cell yields given underlying truncated normal distributions in total nucleated cell concentration, stem cell percentage and plausible aspirate volumes. Monte Carlo simulation identified potential variability in harvested stem cell number in excess of an order of magnitude. The source material variability was used to identify the proportion of donor manufacturing runs that would achieve a target yield specification of 2E7 cells in a fixed time window with given proliferative rates and different aspirate volumes. A rapid, screening, development approach was undertaken to assess culture materials and process parameters (T-flask surface, medium, feed schedule) to specify a protocol with identified proliferative rate and a consequent model-based target aspirate volume. Finally, four engineering runs of the candidate process were conducted and a range of relevant quality parameters measured including expression of markers CD105, CD73, CD44, CD45, CD34, CD11b, CD19, HLA-DR, CD146 (melanoma cell adhesion molecule), CD106 (vascular cell adhesion molecule) and SSEA-4, specific metabolic activity and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion, and osteogenic differentiation potential. Our approach of using estimated distributions from publicly available information provides a route for data-poor earl- stage developers to plan manufacture with defined risk based on rational assumptions; furthermore, the models produced by such assumptions can be used to evaluate candidate processes, and can be incrementally improved with accumulating distribution understanding or subdivision by new process variables.
Review human papillomaviruses (HPV) in gynaecological cytology: from molecular biology to clinical testing (1995)

Molecular epidemiological and pathological studies show that different HPV types are associated with different cervical lesions allowing classification of the viruses into types associated with 'high', 'intermediate' and 'low' risk of cervical neoplasia. However, HPV infection often regresses and, where it is associated with neoplasia, is an early event. This suggests that other factors are involved in the carcinogenic process, and there is some mechanistic basis for the interaction of epidemiologically defined factors with HPV infection in the process of cervical carcinogenesis. With the refinement of techniques for HPV detection in clinical material, HPV testing is now a realistic possibility, but how this should be performed and in what clinical situation(s) is still uncertain. Particular areas of interest are: (i) the assessment of patients with borderline cytological changes or mild dyskaryosis; and (ii) the definition of those patients at greater risk of invasive disease. Clinical trials are needed before the utility of HPV testing can be properly assessed.
The use of low pressure plasma surface modification for bonded joints to assembly a robotic gripper designed to be additive manufactured (2019)

The paper explores how different surface preparations modify the mechanical performance of bonded joints on components made in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) processed by fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing. Two alternative treatments are considered: surface abrasion compliant to the standard ASTM D2093-03 (17) and using low pressure plasma, an innovative solution. The assessment is performed on standard lap shear test specimens and structural epoxy adhesive. The bonding layer with abraded surfaces shows adhesive failure while after the low-pressure plasma treatment shows adherends failure. As case of study the bonding solution to perform the assembly is considered a jaw finger of a robotic gripper for the picking of garments from a table. The redesign of the finger availing of the performance of bonding with the new plasma treatment is proposed and discussed. Experimental testing assessed the feasibility of this innovative technical solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Gas Phase Studies of Silacyclobutanes: Recent Developments Employing Triple Quadrupole Detection. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An integrated database system for effective correlation analysis to improve LSI manufacturing yield (2002)

An integrated relational database (DB) system consisting of process, PMTEG (Process Monitoring Test Element Group), and LSI testing DBs is implemented on a high speed DB machine for effective correlation analysis. For saving DB machine disk area, only the process data necessary for correlation analyses are temporarily stored in the DB on the DB machine. The body of the process data is stored in a distributed DB on the EWSs used to control the LSI manufacturing line equipment. A correlation analysis program, which has a user-friendly window-type man-machine interface, has been developed for the integrated DB. The program retrieves data at high speed with parallel access to the DB. The total performance of the correlation analyses is improved over ten times compared with the old system that included stand-alone DBs and a PC-based correlation analysis program.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
New Horizons in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee (1999)

OSTEOARTHRITIS IS NOT SIMPLY A degenerative disorder. Rather, it is a complex derangement of articular surfaces that involves the loss of normal collagen architecture followed by an attempt by chondrocytes to produce replacement cartilage. The replacement surface is less resistant to wear than the original. Over time, fullthickness cartilage loss may develop on the articular surfaces. Symptoms of osteoarthritis include joint pain, typically worse with use and eased with rest, and joint stiffness after nonuse. The pain can become persistent. In the past, failure of symptomatic treatment, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy, has left joint replacement as the principal option in the care of more severely affected patients. However, in recent years, 3 new intra-articular procedures have shown promise for some patients with articular cartilage defects of the knee. Multiyear follow-up has shown encouraging results for these treatments of diffuse osteoarthritis and focal articular defects of the knee. Focal articular cartilage defects, often found in young adults, have been increasingly recognized as a cause of functional problems. To date, only lesions on the femoral condyles and trochlear groove have been effectively treated. Two techniques to treat these lesions, autogenous cartilage implantation (ACI) and autogenous osteochondral grafting, improved knee function in 2to 5-year follow-ups in carefully selected patients. Patients most likely to benefit are those with normal knee alignment, no evidence of ligamentous instability, and no evidence of arthritis on the corresponding tibial surface. In general, the radiographs of these patients’ knees are normal or near normal, with little evidence of joint space narrowing or osteophyte formation in weight-bearing radiographs. For the more common condition of diffuse osteoarthritis of the knee, the Food and Drug Administration has approved the intra-articular injection of forms of hyaluronic acid in more advanced cases. Technically classified as a device rather than a drug, hyaluronic acid compound injection has been used outside the United States, with functional improvement in up to 77% of patients.
The Topography of Normal Corneas (1989)

Previously we have analyzed photokeratographs to determine the topography of congenital, acquired, and surgically induced deformations of corneal shape. In this article, we survey the variety of corneal shapes found in both eyes of 22 individuals with normal corneas. The degree of correlation of the distribution of corneal power around the visual axis was striking for both eyes of 18 of the 22 individuals, as was the variability of the corneal topography of different individuals. The average centrally weighted corneal power determined from the photokeratographs correlated well with the average keratometric corneal power (r = .96). By defining the topographic features characteristic of normal corneas, we will be better able to diagnose corneal shape anomalies and understand the role such anomalies play in the degradation of vision.
Erratum (1989)

This article has been withdrawn as it was published elsewhere and accidentally duplicated. The original article can be seen here: 10.1108/eb002205. When citing the article, please cite: Ray Pine, (1986), “Equipment Training in the UK Catering Industry”, Journal of European Industrial Training , Vol. 10 Iss: 5, pp. 17 - 19.
The changing clinical profile of coronary artery bypass graft patients, 1970-89. (1994)

The clinical profile of patients for isolated CABG surgery has changed over the years. The mortality rate has been stable over two decades despite the advancement of medical and surgical practices, representing a balance of increasingly high risk patients presenting for CABG surgery.
An enantiomerically pure α-sulphinyl-N,N-dimethylacetamide: a new, efficient reagent for enantioselective aldol-type condensation (1983)

Asymmetric synthesis (up to 99%) of β-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylacetamides was achieved starting from aldehydes and an optically active sulphoxide containing synthon, the sense of chiral discrimination depending on the intermediate metal enolate.
Vivisecting YouTube: An active measurement study (2012)

We deduce key design features behind the YouTube video delivery system by building a distributed active measurement infrastructure, and collecting and analyzing a large volume of video playback logs, DNS mappings and latency data. We find that the design of YouTube video delivery system consists of three major components: a “flat” video id space, multiple DNS namespaces reflecting a multi-layered logical organization of video servers, and a 3-tier physical cache hierarchy. We also uncover that YouTube employs a set of sophisticated mechanisms to handle video delivery dynamics such as cache misses and load sharing among its distributed cache locations and data centers.
On stabilized finite element for the Stokes problem in the small time step limit. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Current trends in the interventional treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A cross-sectional survey of transarterial embolization techniques. (2017)

e15627 Background: Since two randomized controlled trials demonstrated the superiority of Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) to supportive care, it has been a mainstay of treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The technical aspects of the TACE procedure, including drug type, embolic agent, bead type and size, procedural endpoint and follow up are heterogeneous throughout the literature, making meaningful comparisons less impactful. The goal of this study was to determine the common technical practices in the interventional therapy of HCC over several geographical areas. Methods: An anonymous 18 question online survey was distributed via email to practicing members of the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Society of Europe (CIRSE), Chinese Society of Interventional Radiology (CSIR), Japanese Society of Interventional Radiology (JSIR), Korean Society of Interventional Radiology (KSIR), and the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR). An estimated 15,700 surveys were distributed and 1160 responses obtained from 62 countries for a total response rate of 7.4%. Results: Excluding bead size, responses were statistically different by region (p &lt; 0.05). Doxorubicin was more commonly used among SIR, CIRSE, and KSIR members than JSIR and CSIR members (p &lt; 0.05). A fixed dose of cytotoxin was favored by SIR and CIRSE members, while dosing dependent on tumor-size was used by KSIR, JSIR, and CSIR members (p &lt; 0.05). Drug eluting bead-TACE (DEB-TACE) was most popular in SIR and CIRSE, while classical TACE (cTACE) was most popular in Japan, Korea, and China (p &lt; 0.05). For DEB-TACE procedures, the favored bead size was 100 μm – 300 μm for all groups. Procedural endpoint, type of embolic agent, and use of additives and antibiotics varied among groups (p &lt; 0.05). CT was the most commonly used modality for follow up amongst all respondents, but MR was used more by SIR members than all other groups (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that there is clear evidence that the TACE technique differs by region. Understanding and reporting the current practice trends is an important step to optimize and standardize future randomized controlled trials.
Endovascular Therapy of Hypoglossal Canal AVFs Presenting with Orbital Symptoms (2009)

DAVF of the hypoglossal canal region can present with ocular manifestations very similar to DAVF of the cavernous sinus or carotid-cavernous fistulas. Endovascular treatment is usually feasible and effective, but an understanding of the vascular anatomy and pathophysiology of the disease are of utmost importance when planning the approach.
VLC: Beyond point-to-point communication (2014)

Due to the large growth of mobile communications over the past two decades, cellular systems have resorted to fuller and denser reuse of bandwidth to cope with the growing demand. On one hand, this approach raises the achievable system capacity. On the other hand, however, the increased interference caused by the dense spatial reuse inherently limits the achievable network throughput. Therefore, the spectral efficiency gap between users' demand and network capabilities is ever growing. Most recently, visible light communication has been identified as well equipped to provide additional bandwidth and system capacity without aggregating the interference in the mobile network. Furthermore, energy-efficient indoor lighting and the large amount of indoor traffic can be combined inherently. In this article, VLC is examined as a viable and ready complement to RF indoor communications, and advancement toward future communications. Various application scenarios are discussed, presented with supporting simulation results, and the current technologies and challenges pertaining to VLC implementation are investigated. Finally, an overview of recent VLC commercialization is presented.