gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The BN acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML) (a rat model for studying human acute myelocytic leukemia (AML)). (1990)

Even if animal models have many properties in common with the human disease, as is the case for the BNML and human AML, they have their limitations with respect to the extrapolation to the clinical situation. This also holds for the BNML; thus, conclusions should only be drawn with great caution. Nevertheless, the studies in the BNML model have added considerably to the understanding of various processes that occur during the development of leukemia, e.g., the interaction of leukemic cells and normal hemopoietic stem cells in relation to the microenvironment. The methodology developed in the BNML model allows the quantification of the relative effectiveness of any given treatment with regard to the antileukemic activity compared with the toxicity for normal host tissues. Furthermore, the cell kinetic studies performed in the BNML as a consequence of timed sequential chemotherapy has been helpful in designing an approach to take advantage of this phenomenon in the treatment of acute leukemia. The comparison of the various treatment modalities, employed for the conditioning prior to bone marrow transplantation, made it possible to determine the relative effectiveness of the various approaches. The fractionation of total body irradiation for conditioning purposes was supposed to have a negligible effect with regard to a reduced antileukemic effect. Detailed studies that were conducted in the BNML model did not confirm this hypothesis indicating that (hyper-)fraction of TBI results in a reduced antileukemic effect. The in vitro purging studies in the BNML aimed at the elimination of residual leukemic cells in autologous bone marrow transplantation contributed to the introduction of this method in clinical practice. However, extended studies in the BNML model also indicated that the contribution of the residual leukemia cell in the patient contributed to a much greater extend to the recurrence of leukemia then did the residual cells in the autologous marrow graft. A major contribution of the BNML was achieved in the study of the area of so-called "minimal residual disease" (MRD). A number of so-far unknown aspects of relapsing leukemia could be identified and studied. A new concept of discriminating locally relapsing leukemia and a delayed occurrence of generalized spreading of leukemia formed the basis for the explanation of the observed heterogeneity in the distribution of leukemic cells during the remission and the subsequent relapse phase. In conclusion, it is obvious that proper comparison of the human disease as well as the counterpart in the animal model requires a detailed knowledge of both.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Virtual Patient: a Photo-real Virtual Human for VR-based Therapy (2004)

A high fidelity Virtual Human Interface (VHI) system was developed using low-cost and portable computers. The system features real-time photo-realistic digital replicas of multiple individuals capable of talking, acting and showing emotions and over 60 different facial expressions. These virtual patients appear in a high-performance virtual reality environment featuring full panoramic backgrounds, animated 3D objects, behavior and AI models, a complete vision system for supporting interaction and advanced animation interfaces. The VHI takes advantage of the latest advances in computer graphics. As such, it allows medical researchers and practitioners to create real-time responsive virtual humans for their experiments using computer systems priced under $2000.
TiO2-SiO2 nanoparticles for suppressing photocatalytic activities and improving hydrophilicity (2012)

This work was supported by the Industrial Core Technology Development Program funded by Ministry of Knowledge Economy (No. 10030837, Titania nano powder coating material technology for application development) and by the Energy Efficiency & Resources of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (2010T100100965) grant funded by the Korea Government Ministry of Knowledge Economy.
Ammonium Ion Minisensors from Self-Assembled Bilayer Lipid Membranes Using Gramicidin as an Ionophore. Modulation of Ammonium Selectivity by Platelet-Activating Factor (1996)

The present paper reports the electrochemical investigation of ion transport through self-assembled bilayer lipid membranes on a metal support and represents a technology suitable for development of an ammonium ion minisensor. Gramicidin D was used as a channel-forming ionophore for selective conduction of ammonium ion through lipid bilayers composed of egg phosphatidylycholine. The ammonium ion sensor exhibited good mechanical stability and longevity (routinely over 48 h) and constant sensitivity and response to a given concentration of ammonium ion in solution. The use of stabilized metal-supported BLMs has allowed the electrochemical investigation of the reversibility of response to ammonium ions and of ionophore binding to lipid membranes. The effects of pH and some possible interferents were examined. Semisynthetic platelet-activating factor (PAF; 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine, AGEPC) was found to enhance transport of ammonium ions by gramicidin and to reduce potassium interference, whereas the non-acetylated derivative of AGEPC did not exert any alterations in transport ammonium ions. The present microfabricated ammonium sensor based on thin lipid film technology provides advantages of extremely fast response times (to millisecond speeds) to alterations of ammonium ion concentration (0.02-5 mmol L-1), high selectivity to ammonium ions in the presence of volatile amines, and the capability of analyzing small volumes of samples. A detection limit of ammonium ions of approximately 1 x 10(-6) M was attained using BLMs modified with PAF. Furthermore, a device can now simply and reliably be fabricated at low cost and therefore can be used as a disposable sensor.
Immunocytochemical Localization of Noncollagenous Proteins in Mineralized Tissues (2013)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
A Plasticity Model for Metals With Dependency on All the Stress Invariants (2012)

Recent experiments on metals have shown that all of the stress invariants should be involved in the constitutive description of the material in plasticity. In this paper, a plasticity model for metals is defined for isotropic materials, which is a function of the first stress invariant in addition to the second and the third invariants of the deviatoric stress tensor. For this purpose, the Drucker–Prager yield criterion is extended by addition of a new term containing the second and the third deviatoric stress invariants. Furthermore for estimating the cyclic behavior, new terms are incorporated into the Chaboche's hardening evolution equation. These modifications are applied by adding new terms that include the effect of pervious plastic history of deformation on the current hardening evaluation equation. Also modified is the isotropic hardening rule with incorporating the effect of the first stress invariant. For calibration and evaluation of this plasticity model, a series of experimental tests are conducted on high strength steel, DIN 1.6959. In addition, finite element simulations are carried out including integration of the constitutive equations using the modified return mapping algorithm. The modeling results are in good agreement with experiments.
Carrier tracking technique for OFDM signal transmissions (1996)

Coded orthogonal frequency division multiplex is an attractive technique for broadcast to mobiles. The authors describe a method to identify the frequency offset, due to Doppler etc., and subsequently permit offset compensation to be incorporated in the receiver, prior to performing the data demodulation.
Liquid-crystalline gold(I)-carbene complexes (1995)

R. Ishii, T. Kaharu, N. Pirio, S. Zhang and S. Takahashi, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1995, 1215 DOI: 10.1039/C39950001215
Atomistic Description of Binary Lanthanoid Salt Solutions: A Coarse-Graining Approach (2011)

The experimental difficulties inherent to the solution chemistry of actinoids and lanthanoids have led to the use of a wide variety of models, from the microscopic to the macroscopic scale, in an attempt to represent their solution properties. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, with explicit solvents, have been successfully used to describe the structural characteristics, but the limits on the accessible length and time scales do not allow for an equivalent description of the macroscopic properties. In this study, we propose a multiscale approach, based on MD simulation results, to study the thermodynamic and structural properties of a series of lanthanoid-chloride aqueous solutions. An inversion procedure, based on the approximate hypernetted chain (HNC) closure and the Stillinger-Lovett sum rules for ionic liquids, is used to obtain the effective ion-ion potentials from MD-generated radial distribution functions (RDF). Implicit solvent Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are then performed to compute the osmotic coefficients of the salt solutions. This coarse-grained strategy provides accurate effective pair potentials for the lanthanoid salts, derived from an atomic model. The method presented here is an attempt to bridge the gap between MD and the thermodynamic properties of solutions that are experimentally measured.
Supercritical CO2 Extraction of 1‐Butanol and Acetone from Aqueous Solutions Using a Hollow‐Fiber Membrane Contactor (2014)

Abstract Porocritical extraction was applied to the separation of 1‐butanol and acetone from aqueous solutions modeling a typical acetone‐butanol‐ethanol (ABE) fermentation broth. The efficiency of two lab‐scale hollow‐fiber membrane contactors of different was studied under various flow rates, solvent‐to‐feed ratios, and pressure conditions. Global and individual, i.e., tube side, membrane, and shell side mass transfer coefficients were determined. The main contribution to mass transfer resistance was found in the shell side in all cases, and experimentally determined shell side mass transfer coefficients were compared to values predicted by existing correlations.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The Stimulants (1995)

Psychostimulant medications have become a mainstay in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This article discusses the domains best affected by these drugs and interactions with diagnosis, comorbid psychiatric problems, and developmental disorders. Also examined are the efficacy of long-acting methylphenidate; the evidence for a dissociation of cognitive and social effects of methylphenidate in the classroom; whether there is evidence for a ramp effect in the response to stimulants; whether adult patients with ADHD in partial remission respond to stimulants; and the effect of comorbid anxiety disorders on the response of children with ADHD to psychostimulants.
Procyanidins of Nelia meyeri SCHWANT. elicit endothelium-dependent relaxation in porcine coronary arteries by activation of the PI3/Akt signalling pathway (2011)

Nelia meyeri Schwant. (Mesembryanthemacea) is a South African succulent known to contain procyanidins [1]. The aim of this study was to examine the molecular mechanism by which the extract from leaves of this plant elicits blood vessel relaxation. For this, a highly purified fraction comprised of bi- to tetrameric flavan-3-ols was applied to porcine coronary arterial rings suspended in organ chambers containing Krebs-Henseleit solution maintained at 37°C. In endothelium-intact rings pre-contracted with the thromboxane A2 mimetic U46619, the sample produced a concentration-dependent relaxation that was abolished by mechanical removal of the endothelium. Concentration-response curves to the defined procyanidin fraction were shifted to the right in the presence of L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester), an inhibitor of eNOS. The observed relaxation was also abolished by wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase). However, the relaxant response to the Nelia extractives remained unaffected in the presence of ICI 182,780, an estrogen receptor antagonist, and pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of Gi proteins. These observations confirm the essential role of EDRF in the relaxant response to Nelia procyanidins. In addition, relaxation to the Nelia fraction was abolished by MnTMPyP, a cell permeable mimetic of superoxide dismutase but not by tiron, a superoxide anion scavenger. The relaxation was insensitive to charybdotoxin plus apamin (Ca2+-activated K+ channel blockers) but was abolished by the combination of charybdotoxin plus apamin plus L-NAME. Taking together, these findings suggest that the endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by Nelia procyanidins is mediated by EDHF and EDRF following activation of PI3/Akt.
Achiral and Chiral Transition Metal Complexes with Modularly Designed Tridentate PNP Pincer-Type Ligands Based on N-Heterocyclic Diamines (2006)

The synthesis and characterization of a series of molybdenum, iron, ruthenium, nickel, palladium, and platinum complexes containing new achiral and chiral PNP pincer-type ligands based on the N-heterocyclic diamines 2,6-diaminopyridine, N,N‘-di-10-undecenyl-2,6-diaminopyridine, N,N‘-dihexyl-2,6-diaminopyridine, and 2,6-diamino-4-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine are reported. The new PNP ligands are prepared conveniently in high yield by treatment of the respective N-heterocyclic diamines with 2 equiv of a variety of achiral and chiral R2PCl compounds in the presence of base. Molybdenum PNP complexes of the type [Mo(PNP)(CO)3PNP] are obtained by treatment of [Mo(CO)3(CH3CN)3] with 1 equiv of the respective PNP ligand. They were found to react with I2 to give novel seven-coordinate pincer complexes of the types [Mo(PNP)(CO)3I]+ and [Mo(PNP)(CO)2(CH3CN)I]+ depending of whether the reaction is carried out in CH2Cl2 or CH3CN. With [Fe(H2O)6](BF4)2 and 1 equiv of PNP ligand in acetonitrile dicationic complexes of the type [Fe(PNP)(CH3CN)3](BF4)2 are obtained. The cis and trans dichloride complexes [Ru(PNP)(PPh3)Cl2] are prepared by a ligand exchange reaction of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] with a stoichiometric amount of the respective PNP ligand. Cationic PNP complexes of Ni(II), [Ni(PNP)Br]Br, were synthesized by the reaction of [NiBr2(DME)] with 1 equiv of PNP ligand. In similar fashion, treatment of [M(COD)X2] (M = Pd, Pt; X = Cl, Br) with 1 equiv of PNP ligand yields the cationic square-planar complexes [M(PNP)X]X. If the reaction is carried out in the presence of the halide scavenger KCF3SO3, complexes of the type [M(PNP)X]CF3SO3 are obtained, which are better soluble in nonpolar solvents than the analogous halide compounds. X-ray structures of representative Mo, Fe, Ru, Ni, and Pd PNP complexes have been determined. Finally, the use of the palladium complexes as catalysts for the Suzuki−Miyaura coupling of some aryl bromides and phenyl boronic acid has been examined.
Synchronizing clipboards of multiple computers (1999)

This paper describes a new technique for transferring data between computers, the synchronized clipboard. Multiple computers can share a synchronized clipboard for all clipboard operations, so that data copied to the clipboard from one computer, using the standard Copy command, can be pasted directly on another computer using the standard Paste command. Synchronized clipboards are well-suited for a single user moving data among several computers in close proximity. We describe an implementation of synchronized clipboards that works across a wide range of existing systems, including 3Com PalmPilots, Microsoft Windows PCs, Unix workstations, and other Java-capable platforms. Our implementation adds no noticeable overhead to local copy and paste operations.
Effect of Low-Dose Aspirin on Fetal and Maternal Generation of Thromboxane by Platelets in Women at Risk for Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (1990)

Benigni, A.; Gregorini, G.; Frusca, T.; Chiabrando, C.; Ballerini, S.; Valcamonico, A.; Orisio, S.; Picinelli, A.; Pinciroli, V.; Fanelli, R.; Gastaldi, A.; Remuzzi, G. Author Information
An Arrayed Genome-Wide Perturbation Screen Identifies the Ribonucleoprotein hnRNP K As Rate-Limiting for Prion Propagation (2022)

Abstract A defining characteristic of mammalian prions is their capacity for self-sustained propagation. Theoretical considerations and experimental evidence suggest that prion propagation is modulated by cell-autonomous and non-autonomous modifiers. Using a novel quantitative phospholipase protection assay (QUIPPER) for high-throughput prion measurements, we performed an arrayed genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen aimed at detecting modifiers of prion propagation. We exposed prion-infected cells in high-density microplates to 35’364 ternary pools of 52’746 siRNAs targeting 17’582 genes representing the mouse protein-coding transcriptome. We identified 1191 modulators of prion propagation. While 1151 of these modified the expression of both the pathological prion protein, PrP Sc , and its cellular counterpart PrP C , 40 genes affected selectively PrP Sc . Of the latter, 20 genes augmented prion production when suppressed. A prominent limiter of prion propagation was the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Hnrnpk. Psammaplysene A (PSA), which binds Hnrnpk, reduced prion levels in cultured cells and protected them from cytotoxicity. PSA also reduced prion levels in infected cerebellar organotypic slices and alleviated locomotor deficits in prion-infected Drosophila melanogaster expressing ovine PrP C . Hence, genome-wide QUIPPER-based perturbations can discover actionable cellular pathways involved in prion propagation. Finally, the unexpected identification of a prioncontrolling ribonucleoprotein suggests a role for RNA in the generation of infectious prions.
Impaired myocardial metabolic reserve and substrate selection flexibility during stress in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (2007)

Under resting conditions, the failing heart shifts fuel use toward greater glucose and lower free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation. We hypothesized that chronic metabolic abnormalities in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are associated with the absence of the normal increase in myocardial glucose uptake and maintenance of cardiac mechanical efficiency in response to pacing stress. In 10 DCM patients and 6 control subjects, we measured coronary flow by intravascular ultrasonometry and sampled arterial and coronary sinus blood. Myocardial metabolism was determined at baseline, during atrial pacing at 130 beats/min, and at 15 min of recovery by infusion of [(3)H]oleate and [(13)C]lactate and measurement of transmyocardial arteriovenous differences of oxygen and metabolites. At baseline, DCM patients showed depressed coronary flow, reduced uptake and oxidation of FFA, and preferential utilization of carbohydrates. During pacing, glucose uptake increased by 106% in control subjects but did not change from baseline in DCM patients. Lactate release increased by 122% in DCM patients but not in control subjects. Cardiac mechanical efficiency in DCM patients was not different compared with control subjects at baseline but was 34% lower during stress. Fatty acid uptake and oxidation did not change with pacing in either group. Our results show that in DCM there is preferential utilization of carbohydrates, which is associated with reduced flow and oxygen consumption at rest and an impaired ability to increase glucose uptake during stress. These metabolic abnormalities might contribute to progressive cardiac deterioration and represent a target for therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating cardiac substrate utilization.
BMD impact on silicon fin defect at TSV bottom (2014)

A new type of through‐silicon via (TSV) defect, silicon fin defect, which was found after the TSV deep‐reactive‐ion‐etching process at the TSV bottom is reported. These defects are considered killer TSV defects that may cause process or mechanical failures and have to be eliminated. A scanning electron microscope automatic process inspection approach, which is non‐destructive and proven to be effective, has been established to image the fin defects at the bottom of the trench. A possible root cause of this defect is also explored. Both simulation and benchmarking test results indicate that bulk micro defects (BMDs) in the silicon substrate could serve as a micro‐mask during etching and result in silicon fin defects.
Task-Irrelevant Novel Sounds have Antithetical Effects on Visual Target Processing in Young and Old Adults (2017)

In young adults, primary visual task processing can be either enhanced or disrupted by novel auditory stimuli preceding target events, depending on task demands. Little is known about this phenomenon in older individuals, who, in general, are more susceptible to distraction. In the current study, age-related differences in the electrophysiological effects of task-irrelevant auditory stimuli on visual target processing were examined. Under both low and high primary task loads, the categorization/updating process in response to visual targets preceded by auditory novels, as indexed by the target P3 component, was enhanced in young, but diminished in old adults. In both age groups, the alerting/orienting response to novel auditory stimuli, as measured by the P3a, was smaller under high task load, whereas redirecting attention to the visual task after a novel auditory event, as indexed by the reorienting negativity (RON), tended to be augmented under high task load. Old subjects generated a smaller P3a and RON. We conclude that task irrelevant novel auditory stimuli have the opposite effect on the processing of visual targets in young and old adults. This finding may help explain age-related increases in the disruption of primary task activity by irrelevant, but salient auditory events.
Reshaping the emission of a THz quantum cascade laser frequency comb through an on-chip graphene modulator (2021)

Graphene possesses a peculiar potential for the development of optoelectronic components capable to actively manipulate infrared light [1] . Its electrostatically tunable optical conductivity, band structure and transport characteristics, and the possibility to be grown over large areas, offer an intriguing playground for engineering, at the nanoscale, amplitude modulators, spatial light modulators and switches, combining high efficiency (> 50%) intensity modulation, reasonably high speeds (> s response times), and spectral tunability in the underexploited high (> 1.5 THz) terahertz-frequency range [2] , where frontier applications in quantum communications, quantum computing, adaptive and quantum optics are still at their infancy.