gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propagation and Purification of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Selective Homopolymer Release Surfaces (2019)

The selective detachment of undifferentiated human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from a thermal release coating, fabricated from a tailored poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PDEGMA) homopolymer layer on gold, is reported. By exploiting the mild, thermally triggered release of iPS cell colonies in the absence of any releasing reagent, pluripotent iPS cells are shown to be selectively separated from spontaneously differentiated cells. The maintained pluripotency and high cell viability of detached and reseeded iPS cell colonies were confirmed and suggest the feasibility of a generally applicable platform approach for cell separation and purification in the context of iPS cell culture, differentiation of pathologically altered cells and normal cells, as well as isolation of different cell types derived from certain tissues, for example, from biopsies.
A simple fluid cell for the study of bio-molecules using THz time-domain spectroscopy. (2011)

We describe a fluid cell for the measurement of aqueous solutions of biomolecules adapted particularly for the requirements of THz time-domain spectroscopy. The design is simple, requires small-volume samples, avoids cross-contamination, and is inexpensive.
The Nucleation Mechanism of Fluorapatite–Collagen Composites: Ion Association and Motif Control by Collagen Proteins (2008)

Apatite for the structure: Nucleation mechanisms of apatite–collagen composites at the atomistic level of detail have been investigated. Peculiar motifs of the apatite crystal structure were identified in which formation is promoted by ion association to the biomolecule. Apart from acting as a nucleation seed for ionic ordering, collagen triple helices (see picture; red bands) also induce orientation control in these motifs.
Molecular Markers of Contrast Media-Induced Adverse Reactions (1984)

Currently used routine laboratory screening methods are not reliable in the prediction of contrast media-related adverse reactions. Cost-effective laboratory methods for various molecular markers of pathophysiologic activation have now become available. In vitro activation tests in high-risk patients may prove to be useful in the prediction of contrast-induced activation of various adverse reactions. If prior clinical evaluation of a patient suggests an ongoing pathologic process, profiling of the following molecular markers may prove to be useful and helpful in avoiding contrast-induced adverse reactions: Fibrinopeptide A, platelet factor 4, thromboxane B2, 5-HETE, physiologic inhibitors of proteases, B beta 15-42 related peptides, bradykinin/kininogen, and anaphylactozins. In patients suspected of reacting to contrast agents, a small dose of 1 to 5 ml can be injected as a bolus and molecular marker profiling on blood drawn after the infusion may prove to be useful screening tests. Additional clinical studies are needed to prove this. However, this screening test should be performed with extreme caution, since some of the patients are known to react to as little as 1 ml dose. The safety of newly developed nonionic contrast agents can be readily assessed by profiling various molecular markers of adverse reactions, which provide a more reliable and quantitative assessment of contrast-induced adverse reactions. Based on molecular marker profiling, various prophylactic agents can be given to high-risk patients to avoid contrast-induced adverse reactions.
1-Phosphanorbornadienes in Enantioselective Catalysis (2002)

Recent developments in the chemisty of 1-phosphanorbornadienes are reviewed. Due to their bicyclic structure with a non-racemisable phosphorus atom at the bridgehead, they are ideally suited to enantioselective catalysis as transition metal complexes. Amongst this family, two enantiopure species play a special role, i.e., the so-called BIPNOR, a 2,2'-bis-1,1'-phosphanorbornadienyl ( 1 ), and a 2-formyl-1-phosphanorbornadiene ( 2 ). BIPNOR displays high enantioselectivities for a range of rhodium-catalyzed reactions. The carboxyaldehyde ( 2 ) is an ideal starting point for the synthesis of a series of enantiopure chelating 1-phosphanorbornadienes whose structures can be optimized for various catalytic enantioselective reactions. Examples of both approaches are given.
Pregabalin Rectifies Aberrant Brain Chemistry, Connectivity, and Functional Response in Chronic Pain Patients (2013)

The results of this study suggest that pregabalin works in part by reducing insular glutamatergic activity, leading to a reduction of the increased functional connectivity seen between brain regions in chronic pain states. The study also supports a role for human brain imaging in the development, assessment, and personalized use of central-acting analgesics.
Routing Questions to the Right Users in Online Communities (2009)

Online forums contain huge amounts of valuable user-generated content. In current forum systems, users have to passively wait for other users to visit the forum systems and read/answer their questions. The user experience for question answering suffers from this arrangement. In this paper, we address the problem of "pushing" the right questions to the right persons, the objective being to obtain quick, high-quality answers, thus improving user satisfaction. We propose a framework for the efficient and effective routing of a given question to the top-k potential experts (users) in a forum, by utilizing both the content and structures of the forum system. First, we compute the expertise of users according to the content of the forum system--this is to estimate the probability of a user being an expert for a given question based on the previous question answering of the user. Specifically, we design three models for this task, including a profile-based model, a thread-based model, and a cluster-based model. Second, we re-rank the user expertise measured in probability by utilizing the structural relations among users in a forum system. The results of the two steps can be integrated naturally in a probabilistic model that computes a final ranking score for each user. Experimental results show that the proposals are very promising.
Electron and ion beam effects in auger electron spectrometry (1982)

Abstract In Auger Electron Spectrometry relatively high primary electron current density is usually used in order to obtain a good signal-to-noise ratio. As a consequence, a number of phenomena occurs, which can substantially modify—or even destroy—the sample, and impair the results of the analysis. In this communication we report some observations on the electron and ion beam interaction on some of the insulating and conducting films used in the silicon device technology. Among the materials considered, silicon nitride and P-doped silicon dioxide are of primary interest, and will be treated in some detail; results on other films, both insulating (Al2O3, B-doped SiO2, etc.) and conducting (Al-Si alloys) will also be reported. The electron beam causes the oxides (B, Al, Si, P) to be reduced, as shown by the decrease of the height of the low energy, chemically shifted peaks (BKVV, AlLVV, SiLvv, PLvv) and by the contemporary increase of the height of the elemental peaks. In phosphorus doped glasses the electron beam also induces a strong surface P enrichment, followed by a P desorption. Silicon nitride was found to be quite stable against the e-b irradiation in “good” vacuum, but very sensitive to the e-b induced oxidation even at (total) pressure as low as 5 × 1010 torr. This is a very important fact to be taken into account when evaluating thin Si3N4 films, because it can change the apparent film stoichiometry. Some metallic films are also preferentially oxidized by the electron beam; in Al/Si diluted alloy (0.1÷2% silicon) a strong surface silicon enrichment was found to take phase on small-grained thin films, but not on bulk material. Our results show that much care has to be taken when performing or interpreting the AES data, and how to use, in some cases, the e-b irradiation effects to increase the sensitivity of the method.
A low power optical interface for inter-robot communication in a swarm of microrobots (2007)

A low power optical communication interface is presented. It has been designed for an optical link between a thousand of microrobotic units in a swarm. The robots, of mm3-size, will be deployed in an arena of A4 paper size with controlled illumination conditions. The communication between robots is done via IR light. The interface deals with variations of the IR background light from point to point in the arena, with robot orientation and distance, i.e., the amplitude of the signal to be detected, and with inter-robot interferences.
Structural investigations of Ge5AsxSe95−xand Ge15AsxSe85−xglasses using x-ray diffraction and extended x-ray fine structure spectroscopy (2012)

The structure of Ge(5)As(x)Se(95-x) (x = 10, 20, 30, 38 at.%) and Ge(15)As(x)Se(85-x) (x = 10, 25, 34 at.%) glasses has been investigated by high-energy x-ray diffraction and extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements. The experimental datasets have been modelled using the reverse Monte Carlo simulation technique. The model atomic configurations have been analysed in detail. It has been found that the homonuclear Ge-Ge, As-As, Se-Se and heteronuclear Ge-As bonds play an important role in the structure formation of the Ge-As-Se glasses. The total number of these bonds decreases quite slowly with the mean coordination number similarly to the nonlinear refractive index.
Accounting for clock frequency variation in the analysis of distributed factory control systems (2002)

Microcontrollers are now widely deployed as components in distributed systems. Temporal predictability is often important for such embedded systems-i.e., software must execute within specified time bounds to maintain safe operation of the system as a whole. Microcontroller clocks exhibit random variation in resonant frequency from one component to another, a temperature sensitivity and gradual changes with time. Thus, the execution speed of software will vary when implemented on different processors of the same class. We highlight the vulnerability of standard scheduling analysis in the presence of clock frequency uncertainty when applied to the performance prediction of distributed embedded systems. We propose a modified scheduling analysis to account for the inevitable range of processor clock rates in embedded distributed systems and confirm our analysis by an empirical study using a CAN for inter-processor communication.
Making Partisan Gerrymandering Fair: One Old and Two New Methods (2020)

Objective To introduce a novel way to make partisan gerrymandering fair. Methods In the context of two parties, divide a state into two geographical areas, each of which contain a number of districts that are roughly proportional to the share of the statewide vote received by each party in the last congressional elections. Allow each party to unilaterally design the districts in a designated area of the state, restricted only by traditional districting principles. Adaptations may be made to account for more than two parties. Results Each party gerrymanders but is limited to doing so in its designated area of the state, with results that are roughly proportional to the statewide vote. Conclusion “Fair gerrymandering” is a way to counter unfair partisan gerrymandering and it is likely to reduce the number of uncontested elections and increase voter turnout.
NAL-SIM: An Interactive Simulator for H.264/AVC Video Coding and Transmission (2010)

In this paper we present a high-level graphical simulator for video coding and transmission using the H.264/AVC standard. The main objective of the developed simulator is to build an overall video communication system model including source encoding, channel modeling and decoding in order to interactively investigate the performance of various H.264/AVC coding schemes in the face of bandwidth constraints and channel errors. The developed simulator can be employed as a useful research or educational tool for video communication systems based on the H.264/AVC video coding standard.
Ultrahigh Strength and High Electrical Conductivity in Copper (2004)

Methods used to strengthen metals generally also cause a pronounced decrease in electrical conductivity, so that a tradeoff must be made between conductivity and mechanical strength. We synthesized pure copper samples with a high density of nanoscale growth twins. They showed a tensile strength about 10 times higher than that of conventional coarse-grained copper, while retaining an electrical conductivity comparable to that of pure copper. The ultrahigh strength originates from the effective blockage of dislocation motion by numerous coherent twin boundaries that possess an extremely low electrical resistivity, which is not the case for other types of grain boundaries.
Two-Phase Flow Pressure Drop Characteristics in Trapezoidal Silicon Microchannels (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper focuses on experimentally studying the pressure drop characteristics for two-phase flow in microchannels of hydraulic diameter 109 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu {\rm m}$</tex> </formula>, over a relatively large range of heat flux of (0–30 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm W}/{\rm cm}^{2}$</tex></formula>) and mass flow rate values (44–1114 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm kg}/{\rm m}^{2}\hbox{-}{\rm s}$</tex></formula>). Three fluid flow regimes (single-phase, two-phase, and dryout) have been covered in this paper, with deionized water as the working fluid. For a given heat flux, the variation of average pressure drop with flow rate can be classified into three distinct regimes. In the first regime (higher flow rate), the pressure drop decreases linearly with decrease in flow rate. In the second regime (lower flow rate), pressure drop increases with decreasing flow rate and reaches a maximum (with a minimum on either side). Finally, in the very low flow rate regime, pressure drop increases rapidly with decreasing flow rate. The average pressure drop in the two-phase regime is predicted well by the annular flow model. In addition to absolute pressure drop values, we also report pressure fluctuations. The magnitude of pressure fluctuations appears to be correlated to the underlying flow regime, such as bubbly, slug, and annular regimes, which have been identified through the flow visualization. An important outcome of this study is the identification of as many as four operating points with similar pressure drop penalty. This may help to choose the right operating conditions for a microchannel-based heat sink for use in cooling electronics. These detailed experimental results are also expected to be useful for modeling two-phase flow in microchannels. </para>
Syk Kinase Inhibitors Synergize with Artemisinins by Enhancing Oxidative Stress in Plasmodium falciparum-Parasitized Erythrocytes (2020)

Although artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) treat <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria effectively throughout most of the world, the recent expansion of ACT-resistant strains in some countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) further increased the interest in improving the effectiveness of treatment and counteracting resistance. Recognizing that (1) partially denatured hemoglobin containing reactive iron (hemichromes) is generated in parasitized red blood cells (pRBC) by oxidative stress, (2) redox-active hemichromes have the potential to enhance oxidative stress triggered by the parasite and the activation of artemisinin to its pharmaceutically active form, and (3) Syk kinase inhibitors block the release of membrane microparticles containing hemichromes, we hypothesized that increasing hemichrome content in parasitized erythrocytes through the inhibition of Syk kinase might trigger a virtuous cycle involving the activation of artemisinin, the enhancement of oxidative stress elicited by activated artemisinin, and a further increase in hemichrome production. We demonstrate here that artemisinin indeed augments oxidative stress within parasitized RBCs and that Syk kinase inhibitors further increase iron-dependent oxidative stress, synergizing with artemisinin in killing the parasite. We then demonstrate that Syk kinase inhibitors achieve this oxidative enhancement by preventing parasite-induced release of erythrocyte-derived microparticles containing redox-active hemichromes. We also observe that Syk kinase inhibitors do not promote oxidative toxicity to healthy RBCs as they do not produce appreciable amounts of hemichromes. Since some Syk kinase inhibitors can be taken daily with minimal side effects, we propose that Syk kinase inhibitors could evidently contribute to the potentiation of ACTs.
α‐KETOGLUTARATE UPTAKE IN HUMAN FIBROBLASTS (1996)

Glutamine requirements are increased during injury, in particular to sustain the needs of rapidly growing cells. This includes fibroblasts involved in wound healing. alpha-Ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) has been proved to be a potent precursor of glutamine. However, little is known about the process of its cell uptake. Since this first step could be crucial in alpha-KG metabolism, we have characterized alpha-ketoglutarate uptake in fibroblasts. Total uptake of alpha-ketoglutarate was linear up to 1 mmol and temperature independent. Rate of uptake was independent of the presence of Na+ in the medium. Competition studies with another ketoacid demonstrated the nonspecificity of alpha-ketoglutarate uptake. In addition, 4-hydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate, a known inhibitor of anion transport, was ineffective on alpha-ketoglutarate uptake. Taken as a whole, these data provide evidence that alpha-ketoglutarate uptake in fibroblast occurs by an unmediated diffusion process. This suggests that alpha-ketoglutarate uptake is not the controlling step in fibroblasts, i.e. only the availability of extracellular alpha-ketoglutarate. This could be an advantage since during injury, cell membrane depolarization and dissipation of Na+ gradient may limit cellular glutamine uptake.
5-HT3 Receptor antagonists. 3. Quinoline derivatives which may be effective in the therapy of irritable bowel syndrome (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT5-HT3 Receptor antagonists. 3. Quinoline derivatives which may be effective in the therapy of irritable bowel syndromeNobuyuki Kishibayashi, Yoshikazu Miwa, Hiroaki Hayashi, Akio Ishii, Shunji Ichikawa, Hiromi Nonaka, Toshihide Yokoyama, and Fumio SuzukiCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 22, 3286–3292Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00074a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00074a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views218Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Management of bilateral gas-bubble breakthrough during femtosecond LASIK in the presence of anterior basement membrane dystrophy (2014)

Dr. Krueger is a consultant to Alcon Laboratories, Inc. Dr. Ribeiro has no financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
A Device for the Measurement of Pedicle Screw Moments by Means of Internal Strain Gauges (1996)

Pedicle screws are commonly used in spinal reconstruction, and failure of pedicle screws due to bending is a significant clinical problem. To measure the moments typically placed on pedicle screws in situ we instrumented 7 mm Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) pedicle screws with internally mounted strain gauges. The screws were designed to measure flexion-extension moments at a single cross-section as dictated by strain gauge placement. It is possible to measure moments of up to 12 Nm at any location along the length of the screw by constructing transducers with varying strain gauge placements. These transducers are capable of measuring moments at points located within the vertebra including the pedicle, which is where failure usually occurs clinically. Transducer output was both linear and reproducible. These transducers are being used to investigate the load transfer characteristics between the pedicle screw and the vertebra. This technique could be applied to investigations of load sharing in reconstruction plates, lag-screws, and cross-locked intramedullary nails.
1313: TRAUMA-DERIVED ROTATIONAL VERTEBRAL ARTERY SYNDROME IN AN EIGHT-YEAR-OLD BOY (2022)

Introduction: Rotational Vertebral Artery Occlusion (RVAO) is a rare syndrome with dynamic vertebral artery occlusion upon head rotation, leading to recurrent strokes.[1-3] We describe a case of a young boy with recurrent posterior circulation strokes. Description: An 8-year-old male presented with new onset stroke symptoms. His only past medical history was a motor vehicle accident earlier that year that had caused right vertebral artery dissection and stroke in the right cerebellum. After recovering with minimal residual deficits, he was discharged home with rivaroxaban. He returned 6 months later with a recurrence of stroke-like symptoms, this time with right occipital lobe stroke. No abnormalities were found on the comprehensive hypercoagulable workup completed per Pediatric Hematology recommendations that would explain his recurrent ischemic infarcts despite thromboprophylaxis. An echocardiogram showed no septal defects. Genetic testing for connective tissue disorders was non-contributory. Thromboprophylaxis was changed to dabigatran. Despite prophylaxis, 3 months later he had a proximal right basilar artery occlusion and a right pontine infarct. After his third posterior circulation stroke, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was obtained, revealing RVAO on the right. He was then started on dual antiplatelet therapy after stent placement in the right vertebral artery to decrease the risk of continued infarcts. The patient has not had a recurrence of strokes as of writing. Discussion: RVAO is often due to abnormal bony structures; most commonly from 50 to 70 years of age with a 2 to 1 male predominance[1, 2]. While the incidence of RVAO is unknown, less than ten percent of reported cases have been in patients under eighteen years of age[4]. Since 2015, only 21 new cases of pediatric RVAO have been published on PubMed. This is the first reported instance of RVAO in a child post motor vehicle collision. Most pediatric cases arise from trauma, sports injuries, and congenital issues[4, 5] The improvement in long-term outcomes from early diagnosis and treatment of recurrent strokes is clear[3]it would be advisable to broaden the differential of idiopathic recurrent strokes to include RVAO. RVAO is easily identified via DSA and stenting has been described as a safe definitive therapy[6, 7].