gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Characterization of Bivalent Probes for a Dual Bromodomain Protein, Transcription Initiation Factor TFIID Subunit 1 (2018)

Multivalent binding is an efficient means to enhance the affinity and specificity of chemical probes targeting multidomain proteins in order to study their function and role in disease. While the theory of multivalent binding is straightforward, physical and structural characterization of bivalent binding encounters multiple technical difficulties. We present a case study where a combination of experimental techniques and computational simulations was used to comprehensively characterize the binding and structure-affinity relationships for a series of Bromosporine-based bivalent bromodomain ligands with a bivalent protein, Transcription Initiation Factor TFIID subunit 1 (TAF1). Experimental techniques-Isothermal Titration Calorimetry, X-ray Crystallography, Circular Dichroism, Size Exclusion Chromatography-Multi-Angle Light Scattering, and Surface Plasmon Resonance-were used to determine structures, binding affinities, and kinetics of monovalent ligands and bivalent ligands with varying linker lengths. The experimental data for monomeric ligands were fed into explicit computational simulations, in which both ligand and protein species were present in a broad range of concentrations, and in up to a 100 s time regime, to match experimental conditions. These simulations provided accurate estimates for apparent affinities (in good agreement with experimental data), individual dissociation microconstants and other microscopic details for each type of protein-ligand complex. We conclude that the expected efficiency of bivalent ligands in a cellular context is difficult to estimate by a single technique in vitro, due to higher order associations favored at the concentrations used, and other complicating processes. Rather, a combination of structural, biophysical, and computational approaches should be utilized to estimate and characterize multivalent interactions.
β-Allyl Sulfones as Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Reagents: A Tool for Adjusting Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Dimethacrylate Networks (2014)

Dimethacrylates are known to have good photoreactivity, but their radical polymerization usually leads to irregular, highly cross-linked, and brittle polymer networks with broad thermal polymer phase transitions. Here, the synthesis of mono- and difunctional β-allyl sulfones is described, and those substances are introduced as potent addition–fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) reagents leading to dimethacrylate networks with tunable properties. By controlling the content and functionality of said AFCT reagents, it is possible to achieve more homogeneous networks with a narrow glass transition and an adjustable glass transition temperature (Tg), rubber modulus of elasticity (Er), and network density. In contrast to dimethacrylate networks containing monomethacrylates as reactive diluents, the network architecture of the β-allyl sulfone-based dimethacrylate networks is more homogeneous and the tunability of thermal and mechanical properties is much more enhanced. The reactivity and polymerization were investigated using laser flash photolysis, photo-DSC, and NMR, while DMTA and swellability tests were performed to characterize the polymer.
Galapagos: Automatically Discovering Application-Data Relationships in Networked Systems (2007)

In large networked systems, relationships between applications and the data that they use through multiple tiers of middleware systems are often invisible. While the benefits of knowing such relationships are clear from a systems management perspective, discovery of such relationships is complicated by the widespread adoption of virtualization technologies and the tendency to view each middleware tier as an independent "domain" from a systems management perspective. In this paper we present a methodology and a system for automatic discovery of end-to-end application-data relationships. The key to the methodology is the modeling of data locations from which applications use data and of how middleware systems make data available to software layers above them.
Supplementary Methods and Materials from Novel Tryptophan Catabolic Enzyme IDO2 Is the Preferred Biochemical Target of the Antitumor Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitory Compound d-1-Methyl-Tryptophan (2023)

Supplementary Methods and Materials from Novel Tryptophan Catabolic Enzyme IDO2 Is the Preferred Biochemical Target of the Antitumor Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitory Compound d-1-Methyl-Tryptophan
Galvanic Corrosion on Vacuum-Brazed UNS S31803 Duplex Stainless Steel Using Ni-Cr-Fe-P Alloy Filler Metals (2007)

The galvanic corrosion behavior of Ni-Cr-Fe-P fillers and vacuum-brazed UNS S31803 duplex stainless steel (DSS) in a galvanic couple has been investigated. The Ni-Cr-Fe-P fillers were made from mechanical alloying iron and chromium into the BNi-7 filler in a mixer/miller for 3 h. By varying the amount of Fe and Cr powders added into the BNi-7 filler, the filler compositions were adapted to reduce the galvanic effects between the filler metal and the UNS S31803 DSS substrate. The galvanic corrosion behavior was studied using galvanic current measurements and weight-loss measurements. The experimental result showed that, coupled with Ni-22.4Cr-6.7P-20Fe filler, the UNS S31803 DSS brazed joint exhibited a very low nominal current density in a 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. From the immersion test, it was also found that the brazed joint using Ni-22.4Cr-6.7P-20Fe filler had the lowest weight loss among all specimens. By adapting the filler composition to UNS S31803 DSS, the effect of galvanic corrosion on the vacuum-brazed joint could be substantially reduced and an increase in the vacuum-brazed joint shear strength was observed.
Affinity labeling of human serum prealbumin with N-bromoacetyl-L-thyroxine. (1977)

Affinity labeling of human serum prealbumin with N-bromoacetyl-L-thyroxine (BrAcT4) was used to investigate the binding domain for L-thyroxine (T4) on prealbumin. Fluorescence titration with 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate revealed a strong and a weak binding site for BrAcT4 (K1 = 1 X 10(8) M-1; K2 = 1 X 10(6) M-1). The reaction of BrAcT4 with prealbumin to form a covalent bond was inhibited in the presence of T4 and binding of T4 to prealbumin was nearly abolished after affinity labeling with BrAcT4. Affinity labeling with 2 mol of BrAcT4/mol of prealbumin resulted in covalent binding of 1 mol of ligand. Acid hydrolysis of affinity-labeled prealbumin gave Nepsilon-carboxymethyllysine and iminodiacetic acid, the latter being derived from the NH2-terminal glycine. A combination of analytical procedures, including tryptic digestion after maleylation, cyanogen bromide cleavage, digestion with yeast protease C, and sequential Edman degradations, revealed that the Nepsilon-carboxymethyllysine was derived from lysine-9 and lysine-15 and that the affinity label had distributed itself among glycine-1, lysine-9, and lysine-15 in a ratio of 29:63:8.
Circuit Elements With Memory: Memristors, Memcapacitors, and Meminductors (2009)

We extend the notion of memristive systems to capacitive and inductive elements, namely, capacitors and inductors whose properties depend on the state and history of the system. All these elements typically show pinched hysteretic loops in the two constitutive variables that define them: current-voltage for the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">memristor,</i> charge-voltage for the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">memcapacitor,</i> and current-flux for the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">meminductor</i> . We argue that these devices are common at the nanoscale, where the dynamical properties of electrons and ions are likely to depend on the history of the system, at least within certain time scales. These elements and their combination in circuits open up new functionalities in electronics and are likely to find applications in neuromorphic devices to simulate learning, adaptive, and spontaneous behavior.
Epithelial Cells Lining Salivary Gland Ducts Are Early Target Cells of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in the Upper Respiratory Tracts of Rhesus Macaques (2011)

The shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) into saliva droplets plays a critical role in viral transmission. The source of high viral loads in saliva, however, remains elusive. Here we investigate the early target cells of infection in the entire array of respiratory tissues in Chinese macaques after intranasal inoculations with a single-cycle pseudotyped virus and a pathogenic SARS-CoV. We found that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-positive (ACE2(+)) cells were widely distributed in the upper respiratory tract, and ACE2(+) epithelial cells lining salivary gland ducts were the early target cells productively infected. Our findings also have implications for SARS-CoV early diagnosis and prevention.
Ontology-based lymphocyte population description using mathematical morphology on colour blood images. (2007)

Despite modern technologies (immunophenotyping, molecular probing, etc.) cytomorphologic examination of stained peripheral blood smears by microscopy remains the main way of diagnosis in a large variety of diseases (e.g. leukaemic disorders). Using tools from mathematical morphology for processing peripheral blood colour images, we have developed an image-based approach, to provide an objective and understandable description of lymphocyte populations according to a specifically designed ontology. This ontology-based framework needs a conceptualisation of the problem from a morphological viewpoint, the introduction of an adapted language, the generation of representative image databases, the development of image processing and data classification algorithms to automate the procedure and the validation of the system by human expertise. In this paper we present the main concepts, algorithms and some results to illustrate the high-performance of the approach. The aim of our work is to reconcile the automatisation with the medical expertise, so that they can reinforce each other.
Stereoelectronic Factors in the Addition of Sulfenyl Halides to Norbornene (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoelectronic Factors in the Addition of Sulfenyl Halides to NorborneneHarold Kwart, Robert K. Miller, and Jack L. NyceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 4, 887–893Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01537a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01537a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prescribed performance fault tolerant control for uncertain nonlinear systems with input saturation (2019)

This paper investigates the problem of adaptive fault tolerant tracking control for uncertain nonlinear systems in the event of external disturbances, actuator faults and input saturation. In order to guarantee the transient and steady-state control performance, the prescribed performance function is employed to impose the anticipant performance criterion on the output tracking error. By using the error transformation, the original inequality error constraint is converted to an unconstrained issue. For the conversion systems, the negative effect resulting from the external disturbances is restrained via the adaptive control approach. The radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is adopted to handle the unknown nonlinear functions. The Nussbaum gain technique is utilised to deal with the nonlinear terms arising from the actuator faults and input saturation. Combining with the backstepping control strategy, an adaptive neural fault tolerant control (FTC) scheme is developed for the uncertain nonlinear systems. It is rigorously proved that the proposed controller is capable of ensuring the boundness of all closed-loop signals as well as the specified tracking performance. Simulation results on two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented control approach.
Combined Passive and Active Microwave Observations of Soil Moisture During CLASIC (2009)

An important research direction in advancing higher spatial resolution and better accuracy in soil moisture remote sensing is the integration of active and passive microwave observations. In an effort to address this objective, an airborne instrument, the passive/active L-band sensor (PALS), was flown over two watersheds as part of the cloud and land surface interaction campaign (CLASIC) conducted in Oklahoma in 2007. Eleven flights were conducted over each watershed during the field campaign. Extensive ground observations (soil moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation) were made concurrent with the PALS measurements. Extremely wet conditions were encountered. As expected from previous research, the radiometer-based retrievals were better than the radar retrievals. The standard error of estimates (SEEs) of the retrieved soil moisture using only the PALS radiometer data were 0.048 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> /m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> for Fort Cobb (FC) and 0.067 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> /m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> for the Little Washita (LW) watershed. These errors were higher than typically observed, which is likely the result of the unusually high soil moisture and standing water conditions. The radar-only-based retrieval SEEs were 0.092 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> /m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> for FC and 0.079 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> / m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> for LW. Radar retrievals in the FC domain were particularly poor due to the high vegetation water content of the agricultural fields. These results indicate the potential for estimating soil moisture for low-vegetation water content domains from radar observations using a simple vegetation model. Results also showed the compatibility between passive and active microwave observations and the potential for combining the two approaches.
Symbol-Level Precoding Design for Max-Min SINR in Multiuser MISO Broadcast Channels (2018)

In this paper, we address the symbol level precoding (SLP) design problem under max-min SINR criterion in the downlink of multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) channels. First, we show that the distance preserving constructive interference regions (DPCIR) are always polyhedral angles (shifted pointed cones) for any given constellation point with unbounded decision region. Then we prove that any signal in a given unbounded DPCIR has a norm larger than the norm of the corresponding vertex if and only if the convex hull of the constellation contains the origin. Using these properties, we show that the power of the noiseless received signal lying on an unbounded DPCIR is an strictly increasing function of two parameters. This allows us to reformulate the originally non-convex SLP max-min SINR as a convex optimization problem. We discuss the loss due to our proposed convex reformulation and provide some simulation results.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Anionic (3,3) Sigmatropy and SN′ Displacement. New Synthetic Technology for the Construction of Hydroazulenone and Related Frameworks. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inhibition of Lymphocyte Recirculation by Murine Interferon: Effects of Various Interferon Preparations and Timing of Administration (1989)

The effects of highly purified and/or recombinant interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, and the IFN-inducer, poly(I):poly(C), on the circulation of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) of (BALB/cJ x C57Bl/6J)F1 mice were examined. Although all IFN classes could depress significantly the number of circulating PBL and TDL when given at sufficient doses, IFN-alpha appeared to be the most potent. Phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes in the blood and lymph during the decrease induced by IFN suggests that IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-alpha preferentially decrease the Lyt-2+, or suppressor/cytotoxic, subset. Timing of IFN administration was found to be an important factor. Repeated administration of IFN-alpha/beta once a day for 3 days produced continuous suppression of the number of circulating PBL. Administration of either IFN-alpha/beta or IFN-gamma in the evening resulted in a longer and more extensive inhibition of PBL circulation than when IFN was administered in the morning. Our results suggest that the leukopenia observed in many patients undergoing IFN therapy may, in part, be attributed to decreased lymphocyte recirculation, and that the timing of IFN administration may be important in maximizing its therapeutic index.
A wide-band multiport planar power-divider design using matched sectorial components in radial arrangement (1998)

This paper proposes a new multiport planar power-divider design by radially combining the sectorial components and the input and output matching networks. This design can achieve good input match over a wide bandwidth without resorting to transformer sections of high-impedance lines, which are difficult to realize. This approach is applied to the design of 4-and 14-way center-fed power dividers in microstrip structures with good input match (voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) <1.5) over a bandwidth of 30% and 15%, respectively. The return loss of output ports and the isolation among them in the 14-way divider are less than -13 dB. A simple analysis method using the radial transmission-line theory to model the microstrip sectorial components is employed to characterize the power dividers. The calculated scattering parameters are found to be in good agreement with the measured data.
Parental thoughts and actions regarding their child's first febrile seizure (2013)

Parental fears that the death of their child was imminent and the misperception of FS as a serious, life-threatening condition indicate a lack of knowledge regarding FS. Organizing parental support groups and effective educational intervention programs for parents should be given priority in the care of children with FS.
Efficacy of Souvenaid in Mild Alzheimer's Disease: Results from a Randomized, Controlled Trial (2012)

Souvenaid aims to improve synapse formation and function. An earlier study in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) showed that Souvenaid increased memory performance after 12 weeks in drug-naïve patients with mild AD. The Souvenir II study was a 24-week, randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, multi-country trial to confirm and extend previous findings in drug-naïve patients with mild AD. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive Souvenaid or an iso-caloric control product once daily for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the memory function domain Z-score of the Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) over 24 weeks. Electroencephalography (EEG) measures served as secondary outcomes as marker for synaptic connectivity. Assessments were done at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks. The NTB memory domain Z-score was significantly increased in the active versus the control group over the 24-week intervention period (p = 0.023; Cohen's d = 0.21; 95% confidence interval [-0.06]-[0.49]). A trend for an effect was observed on the NTB total composite z-score (p = 0.053). EEG measures of functional connectivity in the delta band were significantly different between study groups during 24 weeks in favor of the active group. Compliance was very high (96.6% [control] and 97.1% [active]). No difference between study groups in the occurrence of (serious) adverse events. This study demonstrates that Souvenaid is well tolerated and improves memory performance in drug-naïve patients with mild AD. EEG outcomes suggest that Souvenaid has an effect on brain functional connectivity, supporting the underlying hypothesis of changed synaptic activity.
Optical Flow augmented Semantic Segmentation networks for Automated Driving (2019)

Motion is a dominant cue in automated driving systems. Optical flow is typically computed to detect moving objects and to estimate depth using triangulation. In this paper, our motivation is to leverage the existing dense optical flow to improve the performance of semantic segmentation. To provide a systematic study, we construct four different architectures which use RGB only, flow only, RGBF concatenated and two-stream RGB + flow. We evaluate these networks on two automotive datasets namely Virtual KITTI and Cityscapes using the state-of-the-art flow estimator FlowNet v2. We also make use of the ground truth optical flow in Virtual KITTI to serve as an ideal estimator and a standard Farneback optical flow algorithm to study the effect of noise. Using the flow ground truth in Virtual KITTI, two-stream architecture achieves the best results with an improvement of 4% IoU. As expected, there is a large improvement for moving objects like trucks, vans and cars with 38%, 28% and 6% increase in IoU. FlowNet produces an improvement of 2.4% in average IoU with larger improvement in the moving objects corresponding to 26%, 11% and 5% in trucks, vans and cars. In Cityscapes, flow augmentation provided an improvement for moving objects like motorcycle and train with an increase of 17% and 7% in IoU.