gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Adjuvant Management of Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer. (2016)

These consensus guidelines on adjuvant radiotherapy for early-stage endometrial cancer were developed from an expert panel convened by the American College of Radiology. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria® are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method; and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment. After a review of the published literature, the panel voted on three variants to establish best practices for the utilization of imaging, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy after primary surgery for early-stage endometrial cancer.
Structural basis for rodlet assembly in fungal hydrophobins (2006)

Class I hydrophobins are a unique family of fungal proteins that form a polymeric, water-repellent monolayer on the surface of structures such as spores and fruiting bodies. Similar monolayers are being discovered on an increasing range of important microorganisms. Hydrophobin monolayers are amphipathic and particularly robust, and they reverse the wettability of the surface on which they are formed. There are also significant similarities between these polymers and amyloid-like fibrils. However, structural information on these proteins and the rodlets they form has been elusive. Here, we describe the three-dimensional structure of the monomeric form of the class I hydrophobin EAS. EAS forms a beta-barrel structure punctuated by several disordered regions and displays a complete segregation of charged and hydrophobic residues on its surface. This structure is consistent with its ability to form an amphipathic polymer. By using this structure, together with data from mutagenesis and previous biophysical studies, we have been able to propose a model for the polymeric rodlet structure adopted by these proteins. X-ray fiber diffraction data from EAS rodlets are consistent with our model. Our data provide molecular insight into the nature of hydrophobin rodlet films and extend our understanding of the fibrillar beta-structures that continue to be discovered in the protein world.
Expression of transferrin receptors in human erythroleukemic lines: regulation in the plateau and exponential phase of growth. (1986)

The present study was undertaken in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying transferrin (TRF) receptor expression in human erythroleukemic (K562 and HEL) lines during the exponential and the plateau phase of growth. TRF receptor synthesis is enhanced when stationary cells are subcultured at low density in fresh medium. This rise occurs in either the presence or the absence of serum, which is associated with cell proliferation or quiescence, respectively. In the presence of serum, it is not inhibited by the addition of hydroxyurea (i.e., an agent blocking DNA synthesis). Thus, the receptor synthesis is enhanced not only in subcultures of actively proliferating cells (in the presence of serum), but also in subcultures of quiescent elements (in the absence of serum or upon the addition of serum plus hydroxyurea). Conversely, the ferritin content is markedly decreased when stationary cells are subcultured at low density, in either the presence or the absence of serum. These results suggest that stationary cells subcultured in fresh medium undergo a depletion of their intracellular iron pool, which in turn may represent the stimulus triggering TRF receptor synthesis. This hypothesis is supported by two observations: both the depletion of this pool and the rise in TRF receptor synthesis are more marked in the absence than in the presence of serum; addition of excess exogenous iron fully inhibits the rise of TRF receptor synthesis in cells subcultured with fresh medium and serum.
An Automated High-Level Saliency Predictor for Smart Game Balancing (2014)

Successfully predicting visual attention can significantly improve many aspects of computer graphics: scene design, interactivity and rendering. Most previous attention models are mainly based on low-level image features, and fail to take into account high-level factors such as scene context, topology, or task. Low-level saliency has previously been combined with task maps, but only for predetermined tasks. Thus, the application of these methods to graphics (e.g., for selective rendering) has not achieved its full potential. In this article, we present the first automated high-level saliency predictor incorporating two hypotheses from perception and cognitive science that can be adapted to different tasks. The first states that a scene is comprised of objects expected to be found in a specific context as well objects out of context which are salient (scene schemata) while the other claims that viewer’s attention is captured by isolated objects (singletons). We propose a new model of attention by extending Eckstein’s Differential Weighting Model. We conducted a formal eye-tracking experiment which confirmed that object saliency guides attention to specific objects in a game scene and determined appropriate parameters for a model. We present a GPU-based system architecture that estimates the probabilities of objects to be attended in real- time. We embedded this tool in a game level editor to automatically adjust game level difficulty based on object saliency, offering a novel way to facilitate game design. We perform a study confirming that game level completion time depends on object topology as predicted by our system.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW CATALYST FOR THE HYDROGENOLYTIC REMOVAL OF BENZYL TYPE PROTECTIVE GROUPS FROM PEPTIDE DERIVATIVES (1981)

Abstract Mit ‐ gegenüber herkömmlichen Edelmetallkatalysatoren billigeren ‐ Co‐Komplexen des Typs [CoX5]3′, z.B. (II), lassen sich hydrogenolytisch vorteilhaft Schutzgruppen vom Benzyltyp aus Aminosäuren und Peptiden abspalten [Beispiele (I)‐(III) bzw. (IV)‐(IIIa)].
Progress on the controllable synthesis of all-inorganic halide perovskite nanocrystals and their optoelectronic applications (2020)

Abstract In the past five years, all-inorganic metal halide perovskite (CsPbX 3 , X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals have been intensely studied due to their outstanding optical properties and facile synthesis, which endow them with potential optoelectronic applications. In order to optimize their physical and chemical properties, different strategies have been developed to realize the controllable synthesis of CsPbX 3 nanocrystals. In this short review, we firstly present a comprehensive and detailed summary of existed synthesis strategies of CsPbX 3 nanocrystals and their analogues. Then, we introduce the regulations of several reaction parameters and their effects on the morphologies of CsPbX 3 nanocrystals. At the same time, we provide stability improvement methods and representative applications. Finally, we propose the current challenges and future perspectives of the promising materials.
DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN CEREBRAL FLOW STUDIES (1980)

General Electric Corporate Research and Development Center. Schenectady. New York; †Department of Radiology, University of California. San Francisco, California).
A Volume Averaged Approach to the Numerical Modeling of Phase-Transition Intercalation Electrodes Presented for LixC6 (2012)

An approach for the volume averaged numerical modeling of phase-transition intercalation electrodes is presented for lithiated graphite, LixC6, in lithium-ion batteries. The proposed method directly treats phase formation and growth through a modified form of the Avrami equation enabling the physics-based mathematical model to capture the additional time constant observed in the two phase regions of lithiated graphite as well as a portion of the hysteresis commonly observed between charge and discharge voltage. The graphite phase diagram was taken to be composed of three stages, or phases, each with a Nernstian or ideal solution based equilibrium potential function. The behavior of the potential rise from a current pulse in the two-phase region is matched well with this methodology resulting in higher valued diffusion coefficients than found when only a single-phase approach is used. Simulated results for mesocarbon microbeads show the co-existence of all three phases within the electrode during higher rate discharges. Concentration dependent diffusion coefficients are found to be necessary to match experimental results at rates significantly higher than 1C. The model is shown to be capable of exhibiting core-shell behavior when fitted phase-transformation rate constants are sufficiently high in value, although not observed for MCMB.
Near-Infrared Fluorescent Digital Pathology for the Automation of Disease Diagnosis and Biomarker Assessment (2015)

Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining of tissue has been the mainstay of pathology for more than a century. However, the learning curve for H&E tissue interpretation is long, whereas intra- and interobserver variability remain high. Computer-assisted image analysis of H&E sections holds promise for increased throughput and decreased variability but has yet to demonstrate significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy. Addition of biomarkers to H&E staining can improve diagnostic accuracy; however, coregistration of immunohistochemical staining with H&E is problematic as immunostaining is completed on slides that are at best 4 μm apart. Simultaneous H&E and immunostaining would alleviate coregistration problems; however, current opaque pigments used for immunostaining obscure H&E. In this study, we demonstrate that diagnostic information provided by two or more independent wavelengths of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence leave the H&E stain unchanged while enabling computer-assisted diagnosis and assessment of human disease. Using prostate cancer as a model system, we introduce NIR digital pathology and demonstrate its utility along the spectrum from prostate biopsy to whole mount analysis of H&E-stained tissue.
In vitro and in vivo imaging and tracking of intestinal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (2017)

Human intestinal organoids (hIOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have immense potential as a source of intestines. Therefore, an efficient system is needed for visualizing the stage of intestinal differentiation and further identifying hIOs derived from hPSCs. Here, 2 fluorescent biosensors were developed based on human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines that stably expressed fluorescent reporters driven by intestine-specific gene promoters Krüppel-like factor 5 monomeric Cherry (KLF5<sup>mCherry</sup>) and intestine-specific homeobox enhanced green fluorescence protein (ISX<sup>eGFP</sup>). Then hIOs were efficiently induced from those transgenic hiPSC lines in which mCherry- or eGFP-expressing cells, which appeared during differentiation, could be identified in intact living cells in real time. Reporter gene expression had no adverse effects on differentiation into hIOs and proliferation. Using our reporter system to screen for hIO differentiation factors, we identified DMH1 as an efficient substitute for Noggin. Transplanted hIOs under the kidney capsule were tracked with fluorescence imaging (FLI) and confirmed histologically. After orthotopic transplantation, the localization of the hIOs in the small intestine could be accurately visualized using FLI. Our study establishes a selective system for monitoring the <i>in vitro</i> differentiation and for tracking the <i>in vivo</i> localization of hIOs and contributes to further improvement of cell-based therapies and preclinical screenings in the intestinal field.-Jung, K. B., Lee, H., Son, Y. S., Lee, J. H., Cho, H.-S., Lee, M.-O., Oh, J.-H., Lee, J., Kim, S., Jung, C.-R., Kim, J., Son, M.-Y. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> imaging and tracking of intestinal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells.
Temporal trend (1995-2010) of background atmospheric PAH concentration in France derived from archived leaves (2015)

International audience
Characterization of Low Losses in Optical Thin Films and Materials (2007)

At various laser wavelengths, the laser induced deflection technique is applied to directly measure residual absorptions in thin films, materials and at surfaces. Accompanying, the laser induced fluorescence is applied to investigate possible absorbing species.
Automatic BRAM Testing for Robust Dynamic Voltage Scaling for FPGAs (2018)

Recently FPGA researchers have proposed different approaches to enable dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) for FPGAs. While the proposed approaches have shown that DVS is able to significantly reduce FPGA power consumption, most of these solutions were developed only for the soft fabric of the FPGA and hence cannot be deployed for applications that use the FPGA hard blocks such as block RAMs (BRAMs). In this work, we extend a previously proposed offline calibration-based DVS approach to enable DVS for FPGAs with BRAMs; we build testing circuitry to ensure that all used BRAM cells operate safely while scaling the supply voltage, and we develop testing procedures that are able to measure the delay of timing paths that start or end at BRAMs. We extend the CAD tool FRoC to automatically generate calibration designs with BRAM testers along with soft fabric testers to measure the actual Fmax of each application on any chip under different operating conditions; this information is stored in a calibration table that is then used when the application is running to scale the supply voltage to the minimum value that guarantees safe operation at the desired speed. Using our proposed solution, we show that we can run a discrete Fourier transform core with 32 % and 46 % power reduction compared to the conventional fixed-voltage operation at the reported F_max and at a lower clock frequency, respectively.
Myeloid Kdm6b deficiency results in advanced atherosclerosis (2018)

Myeloid Kdm6b deficiency results in more advanced atherosclerosis.
Drosophila Genotype Influences Commensal Bacterial Levels (2017)

Host genotype can influence the composition of the commensal bacterial community in some organisms. Composition, however, is only one parameter describing a microbial community. Here, we test whether a second parameter-abundance of bacteria-is a heritable trait by quantifying the presence of four commensal bacterial strains within 36 gnotobiotic inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster. We find that D. melanogaster genotype exerts a significant effect on microbial levels within the fly. When introduced as monocultures into axenic flies, three of the four bacterial strains were reliably detected within the fly. The amounts of these different strains are strongly correlated, suggesting that the host regulates commensal bacteria through general, not bacteria-specific, means. While the correlation does not appear to be driven by simple variation in overall gut dimensions, a genetic association study suggests that variation in commensal bacterial load may largely be attributed to physical aspects of host cell growth and development.
Fast Super-Resolution Algorithm Based on Dictionary Size Reduction Usingk-Means Clustering (2010)

This paper proposes a computationally efficient learning-based super-resolution algorithm using k-means clustering. Conventional learning-based super-resolution requires a huge dictionary for reliable performance, which brings about a tremendous memory cost as well as a burdensome matching computation. In order to overcome this problem, the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the size of the trained dictionary by properly clustering similar patches at the learning phase. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides superior visual quality to the conventional algorithms, while needing much less computational complexity.
Hydrocracking of Dibenzothiophenes Catalyzed by Palladium- and Nickel-Coloaded Y-type Zeolite (1998)

Three kinds of metal-loaded Y-type zeolites (nickel-loaded, palladium-loaded, and palladium- and nickel-coloaded Y-type zeolites) were examined as catalysts for hydrocracking of dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene. The results indicated that palladium- and nickel-coloaded Y-type zeolite (Pd−Ni−Y) had very high activity for the above reaction under following conditions (at 320 °C for 1 h under an H2 pressure in the presence of the above catalyst): dibenzothiophene was completely converted to hydrocarbon gases (ethane, propane, and butane), mono-ring compounds (benzene and cyclohexane derivatives), and hydrogen sulfide. At slightly higher temperature or for longer reaction time compared with above reaction conditions, 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene was also hydrocracked to a higher extent. We also conducted characterization of these metal-loaded zeolites using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, and FT/IR spectroscopy. These analyses indicated that Pd−Ni−Y has a large number of Brönsted acid sites. This might be one of the reasons for this high catalytic activity of Pd−Ni−Y.
Hemorrhoids: Surgical Treatment (2008)

Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids should be considered for symptomatic combined internal and external hemorrhoids, hemorrhoids that are severely prolapsed requiring manual reduction, hemorrhoids that have failed conservative, nonoperative therapy, and hemorrhoids that are associated with other anorectal pathology, including fissure, fistula, ulceration, and large hypertrophied anal papilla. Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids can be divided into two categories: conventional excisional hemorrhoidectomy and stapled hemorrhoidopexy. Hemorrhoidectomy can be performed with general, regional, or local anesthesia; the choice of anesthesia should be individualized to each patient. The goal of the conventional hemorrhoidectomy is the complete excision of the hemorrhoidal tissue. The submucosal hemorrhoidectomy was described by A. G. Parks and involves incising the mucosa of the anal canal and removing the underlying hemorrhoidal tissue. D. N. Armstrong et al. evaluated the postoperative complications in 500 consecutive hemorrhoidectomies using the Harmonic Scalpel. Several randomized studies have been published comparing laser hemorrhoidectomy with conventional hemorrhoidectomy.
A multi-sample denaturation temperature tester for collagenous biomaterials (1995)

The temperature at which collagen denatures from a triple helix to a random coil structure is a useful measure of the degree of crosslinking. A new multi-sample denaturation temperature tester (DTT) has been constructed for rapid determination of the collagen denaturation temperature of natural tissues and collagenous biomaterials. To validate the system, the denaturation temperatures measured for the DTT are compared with results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Data are presented for bovine pericardium in three states with denaturation temperatures ranging from 68 to 85 degrees C: fresh, or crosslinked with glutaraldehyde or the epoxide reagent Denacol EX-512 poly (glycidyl ether). Denaturation temperatures measured by DTT were not significantly different from those measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); however, DSC onset systematically occurred at a slightly lower temperature than that measured by DTT. This result, seen only for fresh tissue is in agreement with earlier experiments using hydrothermal isometric tension (HIT) testing. By contrast, DTT and DSC onset were identical for the exogenously crosslinked materials. Since the measured transition temperature was independent of initial load, this variable may be chosen to yield sharper force-temperature transitions with a given sample geometry. This instrument allows accurate assessment of collagen denaturation temperatures for multiple samples in a fraction of the time required by other methods.
R&D Extruder Developments for the Wendelstein 7-X Continuous Pellet Fueling System (2022)

Fabrication of the continuous pellet fueling system (CPFS) for long pulse operation of the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator is currently underway. Continuous fueling is accomplished by cutting pellets from the cross section of a continuous solid extrusion of desublimated fuel gas from a cryogenic twin-screw extruder coupled to a gas gun cutter mechanism supplied by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The cryogenic cooling is provided by three Gifford–McMahon-type cryocoolers with a fixed cooling capacity. To maximize the pellet injection rate, the system heat loads must be minimized to allow the remaining cooling capacity to be used to desublimate the fuel gas. Viscous heating, caused by the shearing of the solid extrusion as it is forced through the screws and pumped through the nozzle, is the largest heat load uncertainty. A research and development extruder has been fabricated and tested at ORNL to reduce the viscous heating and verify the maximum achievable extrusion rate. This article will present the research and development of the extruder design, various screw and nozzle designs, and test results.
Incomplete-data classification using logistic regression (2005)

A logistic regression classification algorithm is developed for problems in which the feature vectors may be missing data (features). Single or multiple imputation for the missing data is avoided by performing analytic integration with an estimated conditional density function (conditioned on the non-missing data). Conditional density functions are estimated using a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), with parameter estimation performed using both expectation maximization (EM) and Variational Bayesian EM (VB-EM). Using widely available real data, we demonstrate the general advantage of the VB-EM GMM estimation for handling incomplete data, vis-à-vis the EM algorithm. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the approach proposed here is generally superior to standard imputation procedures.
The clinical psychiatry of AIDS (1990)

Departments of 'Psychiatry and Medicine, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Electronic Structure, Vibrational Spectra, and Spin-Crossover Properties of Vacuum-Evaporable Iron(II) Bis(dihydrobis(pyrazolyl)borate) Complexes with Diimine Coligands. Origin of Giant Raman Features (2019)

The vibrational properties of spin-crossover complexes [Fe(H<sub>2</sub>B(pz)<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(L)] (pz = pyrazole) containing L = 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands are investigated by temperature-dependent infrared and Raman spectroscopy. For comparison, the analogous cobalt(II) complexes [Co(H<sub>2</sub>B(pz)<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(L)] (L = bipy and phen) and iron(II) compounds with L = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine and 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline coligands are studied. Highly intense, structured bands (giant Raman features, GRFs) are observed in the resonance Raman spectra of all Fe(II) complexes between 400 and 500 cm<sup>-1</sup> at low temperatures in the HS state which, for the SCO complexes, is excited by the Raman laser. On the basis of magnetic field Mössbauer and saturation magnetization data electronic Raman effects are excluded to account for these features. Furthermore, detailed vibrational analysis also allows excluding a vibrational resonance Raman effect involving one of the modes of the individual complexes as a possible origin of the GRFs. Consequently, these features are attributed to coherent two-phonon excitation of metal-ligand stretching vibrations in molecular dimers coupled by π-π stacking interactions.