gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medication Errors (2020)

In Brief Wrapper ripped from the bar code invites errors...phase-out schedule modified for legacy enteral devices...why expiration dates on device and carton do not match...ivabradine oral solution now more widely available for infants
Niobium−Carbon Functionalities Supported by meso-Octaethylporphyrinogen and Derived Macrocycles (1996)

This report concerns the organometallic chemistry of niobium based on a macrocyclic ligand. To this purpose, the (meso-octaalkylporphyrinogen)niobium(V) complex [(η5:η1:η5:η1-Et8N4)NbCl], 2, has been used as an appropriate starting material. The ionization of the Nb−Cl bond by the use of AgSO3CF3 gave a bifunctional acid−base system with an increased acidity of the metal center in [(η5:η1:η1:η1-Et8N4)Nb(THF)(O3SCF3)], 3. The alkylation of 2 with LiMe gave a quite stable Nb(V) organometallic derivative [(η5:η1:η1:η1-Et8N4)Nb−Me], 4, which undergoes a migratory insertion reaction with ButNC leading to an η2-iminoacyl derivative [(η5:η1:η1:η1-Et8N4)Nb(ButNC)(η2-C(Me)NBut)], 6 (νCN, 2217 and 1736 cm-1). Two steps of the reaction have been identified. An attempt to functionalize the NbO in [(η5:η1:η1:η1-Et8(C4H2N)3(p-MeC5H2N)NbO], 7, by the use of LiMe led, on the contrary, to [(η1:η1:η1:η1-Et7(CH-Me)(C4H2N)3(p-MeC5H2N)NbOLi(THF)3], derived from the metalation of one of the meso-ethyl groups in 9. While X-ray analysis provided information on the solid state structures of 3, 4, 6, and 9, NMR studies allowed us to establish a relationship between the bonding mode of the porphyrinogen in the solid state and in solution.
Utility of the PASS Theory and Cognitive Assessment System for Dutch Children With and Without ADHD (2005)

This study examined the utility of the Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, Successive (PASS) theory of intelligence as measured by the Cognitive Assessment System (CAS) for evaluation of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The CAS scores of 51 Dutch children without ADHD were compared to the scores of a group of 20 Dutch children with ADHD. The scores of the Dutch children were also compared to American standardization samples of children with and without ADHD. The findings showed that children with ADHD in both countries demonstrated relatively low scores on the Planning and Attention scales of the CAS, but average scores on the Simultaneous and Successive scales. These findings are similar to previously published research suggesting that the PASS theory, as operationalized by the CAS, has sensitivity to the cognitive processing difficulties found in some children with ADHD.
Abstract IA06: Discovery of a first-in-class ERK 1,2 inhibitor (2014)

Abstract The RAS /RAF /MEK / ERK signal transduction pathway is frequently activated in several human cancers, due to a gain of function mutations in KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF. Because of the high frequency of activating mutations, this pathway has become a focus for targeted therapy. A wide spectrum of MEK and RAF inhibitors have been developed to inhibit components of the pathway. Vemurafenib and dabrafenib, selective BRAF inhibitors, and trametinib, an allosteric MEK inhibitor, have shown clinical efficacy in melanoma patients. However, the majority of responses to RAF inhibitors are transient and acquired resistance is often associated with pathway reactivation involving the downstream extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). Pathway blockade at ERK, the last signaling node prior to MAPK transcriptional programming, may not only be efficacious in MAPK-activated tumors but might also have utility in RAF or MEK inhibitor resistant settings. This abstract describes the identification and characterization of SCH772984, a potent and selective ATP competitive inhibitor of ERK1/2 which displays behaviors of both type I and type II kinase inhibitors. SCH772984 has nanomolar cellular potency on tumor cells with mutations in RAF, NRAS, or KRAS and induces tumor regressions in xenograft models at tolerated doses. SCH772984 effectively inhibited MAPK signaling and cell proliferation in RAF or MEK inhibitor resistant models as well as in the context of RAF/MEK combination resistance. Together these data support the clinical development of ERK inhibitors, not only in patients with MAPK activated tumors, but also in patients who have developed acquired resistance to RAF or MEK inhibitors or resistance to the recently described combination of these agents. Strategies to overcome acquired resistance to pathway inhibitors will be also described. Citation Format: Ahmed A. Samatar. Discovery of a first-in-class ERK 1,2 inhibitor. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on RAS Oncogenes: From Biology to Therapy; Feb 24-27, 2014; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(12 Suppl):Abstract nr IA06. doi: 10.1158/1557-3125.RASONC14-IA06
Structure Modeling of Machine Tools and Internet-Based Implementation (2006)

Reconfigurability of machine tools is one of the critical factors to realize the responsive manufacturing systems to satisfy the mass-customization production. This paper presents the methods to model and simulate the machine tools on Internet in response to change in the machining requirements. Specifically, a set of module combination rules and a modeling method of the structure of machine tools using connectivity graph are developed. In response to the user requirements, kinematic relations and structures of machine tools can be derived using the module combination rules and connectivity graph relationships. Internet-based simulator of machine tools is implemented and presented. The developed machine tool simulator can be used to verify the structure of machine tools derived from the user requirements.
P2‐145: Development of an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) Alzheimer's disease model using PSEN1 mutant fibroblasts (2012)

Animal models of genetic forms of AD have not fully recapitulated the human disease. Furthermore, over 95% of subjects with common sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) lack identifiable mutations. Developing an induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) model from AD patient fibroblasts provides the best pathway for studying brain cells from these patients and identifying potentially pathogenic subcellular phenotypes. We have created iPS cells from patients carrying presenilin-1 (PSEN1) mutations, which are responsible for the most common form of autosomal dominant, 100% penetrant, inherited AD. A total of twelve affected and unaffected control patients from the FAD1 (A246E) and FAD4 (M146L) families were used to generate iPS lines. These in turn have been successfully differentiated into human forebrain neurons for use in mechanistic studies of Aβ production, cell death, and other AD-relevant biochemical changes. Human fibroblasts were reprogrammed via retroviral addition of the four Yamanaka transcription factors - Oct4, KLF4, Sox2, and c-Myc. iPS lines were analyzed by a variety of methods to characterize pluripotency and retroviral transgene silencing. We have differentiated control and AD iPS cells into forebrain neurons utilizing both embryoid body (EB) and monolayer methods, including generation of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons that are vulnerable in AD. Initial studies indicate that human iPS neuronal cells can respond to exogenous oligomerized abeta in a similar manner to hippocampal rodent neurons by induction of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bim. Our preliminary studies suggest substantial biochemical and phenotypic differences between control and AD neuronal cells, including an increased ratio of secreted Aβ42/Aβ40, and enhanced cell death in response to apoptotic stimuli. We have successfully generated an iPSC model of early-onset AD that reflects multiples aspects of the disease biochemically and phenotypically at the cellular level. The recapitulation of brain molecular phenotypes affirms the promise of this approach and validates our efforts at extending this strategy to the discovery of subcellular phenotypes underlying common sporadic AD. Furthermore, by developing a human in vitro model of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons, we have created a platform that can be used for high throughput screening campaigns to identify novel therapeutics.
Abstract 14457: Cardiac MRI Results Following RFA and Cryoballoon Ablation: DECAAF II Subanalysis (2022)

Introduction: Radiofrequency (RFA) and cryoballon ablation are standard approaches for rhythm control of atrial fibrillation. Both strategies involve scar formation of the left atrial tissue. To date there have been no studies using post ablation cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess residual fibrosis and scar created by standard radiofrequency and cryoballoon ablation. Methods: The current study is a sub analysis of the control group of the Delayed-Enhancement MRI Determinant of Successful Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation trial (DECAAF II). This was a multicenter, randomized, controlled, single blindedtrial that evaluated atrial arrhythmia recurrence (AAR) between PVI alone and PVI plus fibrosis guided ablation. Baseline MRI and 3-month post ablation MRI were obtained to assess lesion and scar formation. Results: Of the 843 patients randomized in the trial, 428 patients were in the control arm that received standard PVI alone. Of those 428 patients, 367 patients (85.7%) underwent RFA and 61 (14.3%) underwent cryoballoon ablation. Average procedure duration was 147 minutes for RFA and 107 minutes for cryoballoon (p = 0.001). The rate of AAR at 451 days was 42.0% in the RFA group and 45.9% in the cryoballoon group (p = 0.66). At the 3-month post MRI the RFA arm had significantly more left atrial scar formation compared to cryoballoon arm (8.8% vs. 6.4%, p = 0.001). Also, the RFA arm had more covered fibrosis (3.6% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.02) and less non-covered fibrosis (14.9% vs. 17.2%, p = 0.05) compared to the cryoballoon arm. The amount of scar formation did not predict AAR (p = 0.07). Conclusions: In this subanalysis of the DECAAF II trial, there was no significant difference in the rate of AAR between RFA and cryoballoon ablation. However, RFA caused significantly more left atrial scar compared to cryoballoon ablation on 3-month post MRI.
Dynamic ESPI measurements for mechanical characterization of pipes (2003)

The use of electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) for non-destructive characterization of unplasticized polyvinylchloride (uPVC) pipes is presented. When pipes are inflated slightly by internal pressurization ESPI may then be used to measure the resulting displacement over the area imaged by the video camera. The interferometric method used is non-contact and gives high-confidence results for strain and Young's modulus of thick PVC pipes. As a step towards using ESPI in dynamic rather than static applications, the ESPI data were recorded during the application of pressure increase. At the same time the change in pressure in the pipe was monitored using a pressure transducer and a specially written Labview Program so that the deformation caused could be modelled using Finite Element Analysis. A finite element model was developed for prediction of the mechanical behavior of the pipes undergoing transient pressure change. The model data have been used here for comparison with ESPI results for slow dynamic deformation of the pipe under test. Demonstration of the possibility of carrying out similar analyses in a dynamic system will greatly expand the applications for this technique.
Tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols catalyzed by polyaniline salts (2002)

Polyaniline salts have been used as catalysts for the tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols in a process being reported for the first time. The catalytic use of polyaniline salts is practical because of their easy preparation, recovery and reusability.
Mycolactone displays anti-inflammatory effects on the nervous system (2017)

The present study provides in vitro and in vivo evidence that mycolactone suppresses the inflammatory responses of sensory neurons, Schwann cells and microglia, without affecting the cell viability. Together with previous studies using peripheral blood leukocytes, our work implies that mycolactone-mediated analgesia may, at least partially, be explained by its anti-inflammatory properties.
<title>Al-Si-Cu/TiN multilayer interconnection and Al-Ge reflow sputtering technologies for quarter-micron devices</title> (1993)

Issues of interconnection technologies for quarter-micron devices are the reliability of metal lines with quarter-micron feature sizes and the formation of contact-hole-plugs with high aspect ratios. This paper describes a TiN/Al-Si-Cu/TiN/Al-Si-Cu/TiN/Ti multilayer conductor structure as a quarter-micron interconnection technology and aluminum-germanium (Al-Ge) reflow sputtering as a contact-hole filling technology. The TiN/Al-Si-Cu/TiN/Al-Si-Cu/TiN/Ti multilayer conductor structure could suppress stress-induced voiding and improve the electromigration mean-time to failure. These improvements are attributed to the fact that the grain boundaries for the Al-Si-Cu film and the interfaces between the Al-Si-Cu and the TiN films are strengthened by the rigid intermetallic compound, TiAl<SUB>3</SUB>. The Al-Ge alloy reflow sputtering is a candidate for contact- and via-hole filling technologies in terms of reducing fabrication costs. The Al-Ge reflow sputtering achieved low temperature contact hole filling at 300 degree(s)C. Contact holes with a diameter of 0.25 micrometers and aspect ratio of 4 could be filled. This is attributed to the low eutectic temperature for Al-Ge (424 degree(s)C) and the effect of thin polysilicon underlayer on the enhancement of Al-Ge reflow.
Planar riedox and conductivity sensors for iss water quality measurements (2004)

Bare-metal based REDOX and conductivity sensors that are used to detect ionic species in solution by measuring the electrochemical cell current as the voltage is scanned. The simplicity and robustness of these sensors allows their use in the analysis of ionic species found in natural and drinking water. The measurements include 1) conductivity measurements which provide a gross indication of the ion concentrations present in solution, 2) Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) which provide a survey of electroactive species, and 3) Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) which allow ion identification and quantification. The ions detected are Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, and Ag and the methodology for their extraction is discussed. Also discussed is the dependence of ASV results on the deposition time and voltage scan rate. This paper also describes the construction of the sensors, the potentiostat electronics, the measurement methodology, and applications to water quality measurements.
Estimating error models for whole genome sequencing using mixtures of Dirichlet-multinomial distributions (2017)

Supplementary data is available at Bioinformatics online.
Inter- and intratumoral disposition of platinum in solid tumors after administration of cisplatin. (2002)

One possible explanation for variable tumor response within a single patient may be related to delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the tumors. Microdialysis was used to evaluate inter- and intratumoral disposition of unbound platinum (Pt) after cisplatin administration to mice bearing B16 murine melanoma tumors or H23 human NSCLC xenografts. Before i.v. dosing with cisplatin (3 or 10 mg/kg), microdialysis probes were placed into the right and left sides of each tumor, and serial extracellular fluid (ECF) samples were collected for 2 h. After microdialysis, tumor samples were obtained at each probe site to measure total Pt and Pt-DNA adducts. In a separate study, serial plasma samples (n = 3 mice/time point) were obtained between 5 min and 2 h. Unbound Pt in tumor ECF and plasma and total Pt in tumor homogenates were measured by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Pt-DNA adducts in tumor samples were measured via (32)P-postlabeling. Area under the plasma (AUC(P)) and tumor ECF (AUC(ECF)) concentration-time curves of unbound Pt were calculated. Factor VIII expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in tumor samples. After administration of 3 or 10 mg/kg of cisplatin to mice bearing B16 tumors, there was a proportional increase in AUC(PL) with dose; however, there was not a proportional increase in AUC(ECF). There was a relatively high (30-fold) inter- and low (2.5-fold) intratumoral variability in AUC(ECF). AUC(ECF) correlated better with Pt-DNA adduct formation than did total Pt concentration in tumors. There was no relationship between Factor VIII expression and Pt exposure in tumors. The variable penetration of Pt from plasma into tumor ECF may be associated with variable response of tumors.
Microstructuring of Steel and Hard Metal using Femtosecond Laser Pulses (2011)

New results on three-dimensional micro-structuring of tungsten carbide hard metal and steel using femtosecond laser pulses will be presented. For the investigations, a largely automated high-precision fs-laser micromachining station was used. The fs-laser beam is focused onto the sample surface using different objectives. The investigations of the ablation behaviour of the various materials in dependence of the laser processing parameters will be presented. In the second part, complex 3D microstructures with a variety of geometries and resolutions down to a few micrometers will be presented. On of the Goal of these investigations was to create defined microstructures in tooling equipments such as cutting inserts.
Cardio-protective effects of statin therapy in elder patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (2018)

Background and aims: Statins exhibit cardiovascular pleiotropic effects for primary and secondary preventionin patients with coronary artery disease. A debate exists to statin treatment-risk paradox in elderly. The aim ofthe study is to investigate the cardio-protective effects of preoperative statin therapy against adverse cardiovascularevents after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients underwent CABG between January 2010and December 2015. The study included all patients underwent isolated primary CABG. The age of 65 yearsold was used to define elderly. The evaluated endpoints of postoperative adverse outcome included postoperativein-hospital all-cause and cardiac mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardialinfarction (MI) and stroke. Hazard ratios (HRs) of statin therapy relative to no statin therapy were adjusted forpreoperative risk scores, the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) and administration of other cardiovascularprotective medications.Results: Preoperative statins were prescribed only in 903 patients (16.6%) out of 5437 patients underwentCABG. Regardless of age, statins reduced the HRs for in-hospital mortality, MACE, MI and stroke after CABG,with non-significant differences in the interaction of HRs between elder and non-elder patients. The adjustedHRs did not support the use of high dose intensity in elder patients, especially for the occurrence of MACE.Conclusions: Elder patients undergoing CABG should not be deprived of any suspected benefit of preoperativestatins to avoid repeated unfavorable events. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the benefitsof high-intensity statins.
Evaluating the feasibility of C-arm CT for brain perfusion imaging: an in vitro study (2010)

C-arm cone-beam CT (CBCT) is increasingly being used to supplement 2D real-time data with 3D information. Temporal resolution is currently limited by the mechanical rotation speed of the C-arm which presents challenges for applications such as imaging of contrast flow in brain perfusion CT (PCT). We present a novel scheme where multiple scans are obtained at different start times with respect to the contrast injection. The data is interleaved temporally and interpolated during 3D reconstruction. For evaluation we developed a phantom to generate the range of temporal frequencies relevant for PCT. The highest requirements are for imaging the arterial input function (AIF) modeled as a gamma-variate function. Fourier transform analysis of the AIF showed that 90% of the spectral energy is contained at frequencies lower than 0.08Hz. We built an acrylic cylinder phantom of diameter 1.9 cm, with 25 sections of 1cm length each. Iodine concentration in each compartment was varied to produce a half-cycle sinusoid variation in HU in version 1, and 2.5 cycles in version 2 of the phantom. The phantom was moved linearly at speeds from 0.5cm/s to 4cm/s (temporal frequencies of 0.02Hz to 0.09Hz) and imaged using a C-arm system. Phantom CT numbers in a slice reconstructed at isocenter were measured and sinusoidal fits to the data were obtained. The fitted sinusoids had frequencies that were within 3&plusmn;2% of the actual temporal frequencies of the sinusoid. This suggests that the imaging and reconstruction scheme is adequate for PCT imaging.
Data from CAR T Therapy Targeting ICAM-1 Eliminates Advanced Human Thyroid Tumors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) are rare yet lethal malignancies with limited treatment options. Many malignant tumors, including papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and ATC, are associated with increased expression of ICAM-1, providing a rationale for utilizing ICAM-1–targeting agents for the treatment of aggressive cancer. We developed a third-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting ICAM-1 to leverage adoptive T-cell therapy as a new treatment modality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; ICAM-1 CAR T cells were applied to multiple malignant and nonmalignant target cells to investigate specific target cell death and “off-tumor” toxicity &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; therapeutic efficacy of ICAM-1 CAR T cells was examined in ATC mouse models established from a cell line and patient-derived tumors that rapidly develop systemic metastases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; ICAM-1 CAR T cells demonstrated robust and specific killing of PTC and ATC cell lines &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Interestingly, although certain ATC cell lines showed heterogeneous levels of ICAM-1 expression, addition of cytotoxic CAR T cells induced increased ICAM-1 expression such that all cell lines became targetable. In mice with systemic ATC, a single administration of ICAM-1 CAR T cells mediated profound tumor killing that resulted in long-term remission and significantly improved survival. Patient-derived ATC cells overexpressed ICAM-1 and were largely eliminated by autologous ICAM-1 CAR T cells &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and in animal models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our findings are the first demonstration of CAR T therapy against both a metastatic, thyroid cancer cell line and advanced ATC patient-derived tumors that exhibit dramatic therapeutic efficacy and survival benefit in animal studies. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(24); 7569–83. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Figure 2 from The Spatial Context of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells Associates with Improved Ovarian Cancer Survival (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S2. Kaplan-Meier curves for CD8 T cell infiltration into tumor regions.&lt;/p&gt;
Production of antisera against the enterotoxin of Bacteroides fragilis and their use in a cytotoxicity neutralization assay of HT-29 cells (1994)

To study the enterotoxin of Bacteroides fragilis, the colon carcinoma cell line HT-29 was used in a standard cytotoxicity assay. We produced high-titer neutralizing antisera in rabbits and goats against both crude and purified toxin and developed a cytotoxicity neutralization assay for use in confirming enterotoxin activity in culture filtrates and stools. The neutralization titers of the antisera on the colon carcinoma cell line HT-29 ranged from 1,600 to 2,400. In an antibody screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, titers ranged from 10(4) to 10(5). The antisera produced against the highly purified toxin also neutralized the enterotoxic activity of the toxin and were monospecific by immunoelectrophoresis.