gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New cerebrosides from the basidiomycete Cortinarius tenuipes (2003)

Five cerebrosides (1-5), including three new ones named cortenuamide A (1), cortenuamide B (2), and cortenuamide C (3), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Cortinarius tenuipes. The structures of those compounds were elucidated as (4E,8E)-N-D-2'-hydroxytetracosanoyl-1-O-beta-D-glycopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine (1), (4E, 8E)-N-D-2'-hydroxytricosanoyl-1-O-beta-D-glycopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8 sphingadienine (2), (4E, 8E)-N-D-2'-hydroxydocosanoyl-1-O-beta-D-glycopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine (3), (4E, 8E)-N-D-2'-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-1-O-beta-D-glycopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine (4), and (4E,8E)-N-D-2'-hydroxypalmitoyl-1-O-beta-D-glycopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine (5) by spectral and chemical methods.
Circulating Tumor Cells in Melanoma Patients (2012)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are of recognized importance for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients. With melanoma, most studies do not show any clear relationship between CTC levels and stage of disease. Here, CTCs were enriched (∼400X) from blood of melanoma patients using a simple centrifugation device (OncoQuick), and 4 melanocyte target RNAs (TYR, MLANA, MITF, and MIF) were quantified using QPCR. Approximately one-third of melanoma patients had elevated MIF and MLANA transcripts (p<0.0001 and p<0.001, respectively) compared with healthy controls. In contrast, healthy controls had uniformly higher levels of TYR and MITF than melanoma patients (p<0.0001). There was a marked shift of leukocytes into the CTC-enriched fractions (a 430% increase in RNA recovery, p<0.001), and no relationship between CTC levels and stage of disease was found. CTCs were captured on microfabricated filters and cultured. Captured melanoma CTCs were large cells, and consisted of 2 subpopulations, based on immunoreactivity. One subpopulation (∼50%) stained for both pan-cytokeratin (KRT) markers and the common leukocyte marker CD-45, whereas the second subpopulation stained for only KRT. Since similar cells are described in many cancers, we also examined blood from colorectal and pancreatic cancer patients. We observed analogous results, with most captured CTCs staining for both CD-45/KRT markers (and for the monocyte differentiation marker CD-14). Our results suggest that immature melanocyte-related cells (expressing TYR and MITF RNA) may circulate in healthy controls, although they are not readily detectable without considerable enrichment. Further, as early-stage melanomas develop, immature melanocyte migration into the blood is somehow curtailed, whereas a significant proportion of patients develop elevated CTC levels (based on MIF and MLANA RNAs). The nature of the captured CTCs is consistent with literature describing leukocyte/macrophage-tumor cell fusion hybrids, and their role in metastatic progression.
Correction: Transcriptomic Analysis of a Tertiary Relict Plant, Extreme Xerophyte Reaumuria soongorica to Identify Genes Related to Drought Adaptation (2013)

Background: Reaumuria soongorica is an extreme xerophyte shrub widely distributed in the desert regions including sand dune, Gobi and marginal loess of central Asia which plays a crucial role to sustain and restore fragile desert ecosystems. However, due to the lacking of the genomic sequences, studies on R. soongorica had mainly limited in physiological responses to drought stress. Here, a deep transcriptomic sequencing of R. soongorica will facilitate molecular functional studies and pave the path to understand drought adaptation for a desert plant.
Figure S1 from High-Affinity GD2-Specific CAR T Cells Induce Fatal Encephalitis in a Preclinical Neuroblastoma Model (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Comparison of surface expression of CAR constructs used in these studies. T cells were transduced with indicated lentivirus at an MOI of 5. At day 8 of expansion, T cells were stained with anti-mouse antibody that recognizes the mouse scFv.&lt;/p&gt;
Trace elements and postmenopausal osteoporosis: a preliminary report of decreased serum manganese (1988)

peer reviewed
Characterizing Daily Urinary Hormone Profiles for Women at Midlife Using Functional Data Analysis (2007)

The availability of daily hormone values for entire menstrual cycles offers an opportunity to apply new analytic techniques that confirm current knowledge and provide new insights into patterns of changing hormone profiles in women as they transition to the menopause. The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) collected urine samples during 1997-1999 from one menstrual cycle or up to 50 days from 848 women who live in seven cities across the United States. These samples were assayed for the urinary forms of estrogen, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. The authors used functional data analysis to study variability in the hormone patterns of 572 of the 848 pre- and early-perimenopausal women with evidence of a luteal transition. Functional data analysis enabled the authors to identify asymmetries in women's hormone patterns related to cycle length that are not captured with single hormone value comparisons. Longer cycles were characterized by increasing dyssynchrony between follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in the luteal phase.
Small-Signal Modeling, Stability Analysis and Design Optimization of Single-Phase Delay-Based PLLs (2015)

Generally speaking, designing single-phase phaselocked loops (PLLs) is more complicated than three-phase ones, as their implementation often involves the generation of a fictitious orthogonal signal for the frame transformation. In recent years, many approaches to generate the orthogonal signal have been proposed, the simplest perhaps being the transfer delay-based method. In the transfer delay-based PLL (TD-PLL), the orthogonal signal is generated by delaying the original single-phase signal by T/4 (one-quarter of a period). The phase shift caused by the transfer delay block, however, will not be exactly 90° under off-nominal grid frequencies, which results in errors in the estimated quantities by the TD-PLL. To alleviate this issue, an improved version of TD-PLL, called the nonfrequency-dependent TD-PLL (NTD-PLL), has recently been proposed. The NTD-PLL uses another T/4 delay unit in its feedback path to make the PLL immune to grid frequency variations. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the accurate small-signal modeling of the TD-PLL and NTD-PLL has not yet been carried out, and no detailed analysis of their performance has been presented. The main aim of this paper is to address these issues and explore new methods to enhance their performance. The stability analysis, control design guidelines, and performance comparison with the state-of-the-art PLLs are presented as well.
Analysis of small samples of limonoids of neem (Azadirachta indica) using solid phase extraction from tissue culture (2000)

The limonoids (triterpenoids), including the natural insecticide azadirachtin, from the seeds of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) can be partially purified and separated into groups for final analysis very quickly by the use of solid phase extraction procedures. The individual compounds can then be accurately quantified in the separated fractions by supercritical fluid chromatography or high pressure liquid chromatography. The method is particularly useful for the small samples available from tissue culture experiments, but is equally applicable to analysis of seed extracts. Two alternative procedures are described, one that gives six fractions and more accurate quantification, and a second shorter, faster procedure for smaller samples that gives two fractions. Both procedures include the quantification of azadirachtin. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric syntheses of panclicins A–E via [2+2] cycloaddition of alkyl(trimethylsilyl)ketenes to a β-silyloxyaldehyde (1998)

Panclicins A–E, pancreatic lipase inhibitors from Streptomyces, were synthesised in a modular fashion starting with three alkyl(trimethylsilyl)ketenes, two amino acids and a single aldehyde component, (3R)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)decanal 11. The lone stereocentre in 11 which governs the stereochemistry in subsequent steps was generated by Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation. The key step, a Lewis acid catalysed [2+2] cycloaddition of alkyl(trimethylsilyl)ketenes 13a–c to 11, gave three 3-trimethylsilyloxetan-2-ones with good 1,3-asymmetric induction. After C- and O-desilylation the amino acid side chains were introduced using a Mitsunobu inversion.
trans-Dichlorobis(7-thiabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane)palladium(II) and trans-Dichlorobis(7-thiabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane)platinum(II) (1995)

The asymmetric unit of the title Pd complex, [PdCl 2 (C 6 H 10 S) 2 ], consists of two independent half molecules lying on inversion centres. The Pd atoms have square-planar coordination with Pd-S distances of 2.300(2) and 2.313(2) A, Pd-Cl distances of 2.300 (2) and 2.307(2)A, and S-Pd-Cl angles of 88.21 (8) and 90.12 (8)°. The Pt complex, [PtC1 2 (C 6 H 10 S) 2 ], has the Pt atom lying on an inversion centre, also has square-planar coordination, and has a Pt-S distance of 2.286(2), a Pt-Cl distance of 2.300(2)A and a S-Pt-Cl angle of 89.25 (8)°.
Toward Carbon-Nanotube-Based Theranostic Agents for Microwave Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer: Enhanced Dielectric and Heating Response of Tissue-Mimicking Materials (2010)

The experimental results reported in this paper suggest that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have the potential to enhance dielectric contrast between malignant and normal tissue for microwave detection of breast cancer and facilitate selective heating of malignant tissue for microwave hyperthermia treatment of breast cancer. In this study, we constructed tissue-mimicking materials with varying concentrations of SWCNTs and characterized their dielectric properties and heating response. At SWCNT concentrations of less than 0.5% by weight, we observed significant increases in the relative permittivity and effective conductivity. In microwave heating experiments, we observed significantly greater temperature increases in mixtures containing SWCNTs. These temperature increases scaled linearly with the effective conductivity of the mixtures. This work is a first step towards the development of functionalized, tumor-targeting SWCNTs as theranostic (integrated therapeutic and diagnostic) agents for microwave breast cancer detection and treatment.
Abstract 269: Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition by Febuxostat Attenuates Experimental Atherosclerosis in Mice (2014)

Objective: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular wall. Multiple mechanisms are implicated in the inflammatory process, including oxidative stress. Xanthine oxidase (XO), which is converted from xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), is a major enzymatic source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has been reported to be involved in atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We have examined whether XO contributes to atherosclerosis in mice and whether XO mediates cholesterol crystal (CC)-induced inflammation. Approach and Results: ApoE -/- mice fed a high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks (ApoE -/- ) developed atherosclerotic plaques, increased ROS generation, increased tissue activities of XO/XDH, and endothelial dysfunction. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that XO/XDH were increased in macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques and in aortic endothelial cells. Febuxostat, a highly potent XO/XDH inhibitor, significantly attenuated plaque formation, decreased ROS generation, and improved endothelial dysfunction in ApoE -/- mice without affecting plasma cholesterol levels. Additionally, in aorta from febuxostat-treated group, MCP-1 mRNA was significantly decreased whereas eNOS mRNA was increased. Furthermore, we examined the effects of febuxostat on CC-induced inflammation in macrophages. Febuxostat significantly inhibited CC-induced ROS formation as well as MCP-1, IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 production and its effects could be recapitulated by ROS scavengers. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that increased XO leads to ROS formation and contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis via endothelial dysfunction and macrophage inflammation, and that febuxostat may be a potential therapeutic agent to target inflammation in atherosclerosis.
Predictive coding--I (1955)

Predictive coding is a procedure for transmitting messages which are sequences of magnitudes. In this coding method, the transmitter and the receiver store past message terms, and from them estimate the value of the next message term. The transmitter transmits, not the message term, but the difference between it and its predicted value. At the receiver this error term is added to the receiver prediction to reproduce the message term. This procedure is defined and messages, prediction, entropy, and ideal coding are discussed to provide a basis for Part II, which will give the mathematical criterion for the best predictor for use in the predictive coding of particular messages, will give examples of such messages, and will show that the error term which is transmitted in predictive coding may always be coded efficiently.
Enabling Second Factor Authentication for Drones in 5G using Network Slicing (2020)

As 5G systems are starting to be deployed and becoming part of many daily life applications, there is an increasing interest on the security of the overall system as 5G network architecture is significantly different than LTE systems. For instance, through application specific virtual network slices, one can trigger additional security measures depending on the sensitivity of the running application. Drones utilizing 5G could be a perfect example as they pose several safety threats if they are compromised. To this end, we propose a stronger authentication mechanism inspired from the idea of second-factor authentication in IT systems. Specifically, once the primary 5G authentication is executed, a specific slice can be tasked to trigger a second-factor authentication utilizing different factors from the primary one. This trigger mechanism utilizes the re-authentication procedure as specified in the 3GPP 5G standards for easy integration. Our second-factor authentication uses a special challenge-response protocol, which relies on unique drone digital ID as well as a seed and nonce generated from the slice to enable freshness. We implemented the proposed protocol in ns-3 that supports mmWave-based communication in 5G. We demonstrate that the proposed protocol is lightweight and can scale while enabling stronger security for the drones.
A method to study cellular injuries using optical trapping combined with laser-induced shockwaves under quantitative phase microscope (2021)

There is a need for new methodologies to investigate cell apoptosis and recovery, cell adhesion, and cell-cell interactions in cellular biology and neurobiology. Such systems should be able to induce localized cell injuries and measure damage responses from single cells. In this regard, pulsed lasers can be used to produce Laser- Induced Shockwaves (LIS), which can cause cell detachments and induce cellular membrane injuries, by applying shear force in order of µN . Furthermore, since the resulting shear force can increase membrane permeability, chemicals and markers can then be transferred into cells non-invasively. Continuous-wave lasers can be used as Optical Tweezers (OT), to apply non-contact delicate forces, as low as 0.1f N , and deliver materials into cells, and also move the cells to different locations. In this paper, we introduce a combination of modalities to apply variable forces, from femto to micro newtons, to cells. Our system consists of a 1060nm continuous laser light source for OT and a 1030nm femtosecond pulsed laser for generating LIS. To have a direct measurement of changes in the cellular thickness and membrane dynamics, the cells are imaged under a Quantitative Phase Microscope (QPM). Our microscope is capable of Differential-Interference Microscopy (DIC) and Phase-Contrast microscopy (PhC) and fluorescent microscopy, making it a unique system for studying cell injuries.
Implications of respiratory motion for the quantification of 2D MR spectroscopic imaging data in the abdomen (2000)

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) studies in the abdomen or breast are acquired in the presence of respiratory motion. This modifies the point spread function (PSF) and hence the reconstructed spectra. We evaluated the quantitative effects of both periodic and aperiodic motion on spectra localized by MRSI. Artefactual signal changes, both the modification of native to a voxel and spurious signals arising elsewhere, depend primarily upon the motion amplitude relative to the voxel dimension. A similar dependence on motion amplitude was observed for simple harmonic motion (SHM), quasi-periodic motion and random displacements. No systematic dependence upon the period or initial phase of SHM or on the array size was found. There was also no significant variation with motion direction relative to the internal and external phase-encoding directions. In measured excursion ranges of 20 breast and abdominal tumours, 70% moved < or = 5 mm, while 30% moved 6-23 mm. The diaphragm and fatty tissues in the gut typically moved approximately 15-20 mm. While tumour/organ excursions less than half the voxel dimension do not substantially affect native signals, the bleeding in of strong lipid signals will be problematic in 1H studies. MRSI studies in the abdomen, even of relatively well-anchored tumours, are thus likely to benefit from the addition of respiratory triggering or other motion compensation strategies.
Lipid zonation and phospholipid remodeling in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2016)

NAFLD is associated not only with lipid enrichment, but also with zonal changes of specific lipids and their associated metabolic pathways. This may play a role in the heterogeneous development of NAFLD. (Hepatology 2017;65:1165-1180).
Performance Knots: Crossed Threads of Anglo-American Thought and French Theory (2017)

For the book’s coda, the co-editors conduct a roundtable interview with David Zerbib, a French scholar specializing in performance theories. “Performance Knots: Crossed Threads of Anglo-American Thought and French Theory” sheds light on the French perspective as Zerbib tries, carefully, to draw out different strands of thought that weave both accord and discord in transcontinental theories and practices. Situating French Theory as an American invention, Zerbib nonetheless recognizes that Anglo-American influences are slowly making inroads in French culture and its institutions. Yet, despite the growing impact, angles of approach remain remarkably different across the traditions. Evoking the 1966 symposium organized at John Hopkins University where French Theory first took flight, he describes how the encounter between American and French trends reveals a confrontation between what he calls “forms of truth and forces of thought.” Heralding the misunderstandings between philosophy and performance theories around embodied presence, linguistic efficacy, and the event of the sign that were to ensue, this initial exchange stands in contrast to the contemporary evolutions to which Performance Philosophy bears witness.
Solid-State Nanostructured Materials from Self-Assembly of a Globular Protein–Polymer Diblock Copolymer (2011)

Self-assembly of three-dimensional solid-state nanostructures containing approximately 33% by weight globular protein is demonstrated using a globular protein-polymer diblock copolymer, providing a route to direct nanopatterning of proteins for use in bioelectronic and biocatalytic materials. A mutant red fluorescent protein, mCherryS131C, was prepared by incorporation of a unique cysteine residue and site-specifically conjugated to end-functionalized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) through thiol-maleimide coupling to form a well-defined model protein-polymer block copolymer. The block copolymer was self-assembled into bulk nanostructures by solvent evaporation from concentrated solutions. Small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy illustrated the formation of highly disordered lamellae or hexagonally perforated lamellae depending upon the selectivity of the solvent during evaporation. Solvent annealing of bulk samples resulted in a transition toward lamellar nanostructures with mCherry packed in a bilayer configuration and a large improvement in long-range ordering. Wide-angle X-ray scattering indicated that mCherry did not crystallize within the block copolymer nanodomains and that the β-sheet spacing was not affected by self-assembly. Circular dichroism showed no change in protein secondary structure after self-assembly, while UV-vis spectroscopy indicated approximately 35% of the chromophore remained optically active.
Myocardial strain mapping: Tagging, dense and senc (2011)

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Rücktitelbild: Molecular Wheels of Ruthenium and Osmium with Bridging Chalcogenolate Ligands: Edge‐Shared‐Octahedron Structures and Metal‐Ion Binding (Angew. Chem. 11/2012) (2011)

Radförmige Assoziate sind faszinierend und außergewöhnlich. Molekulare Räder vom Anderson-Typ (außen um den Kreis und rechts) sind durch sechs schräg über Ecken verknüpfte Oktaeder gekennzeichnet. In der Zuschrift auf S. 2668 ff. beschreiben C. M. Che et al. das selektive Binden von Cu+ oder Ag+ durch isoliertes [{M(S-4-R-C6H4)2(CO)2}6] (von der rechten Struktur zu der rechts unten) und die Isolierung von [{M(SPh)2(CO)2}8] (links unten), was die einfache Erweiterung von Rädern vom Anderson-Typ zu achtkernigen Kongeneren belegt.
Lightweight extraction of syntactic specifications (2006)

A method for extracting syntactic specifications from heap-manipulating code is described. The state of the heap is represented as an environment mapping each variable or field to a relational expression. A procedure is executed symbolically, obtaining an environment for the post-state that gives the value of each variable and field in terms of the values of variables and fields of the pre-state. Approximation is introduced by forming relational unions at merge points in the control flow graph, and by widening union-of-join expressions to transitive closures. The resulting analysis is linear in the length of the code and the number of fields, but capable of producing non-trivial specifications of surprising accuracy.
Constructing Quality of Service Indicators and Improvement Strategies for Medical Tourism in Taiwan (2014)

Aiming to establish the quality of service indicators and performance analysis for medical tourism industry, five dimensions of quality of service and 31 indicators for medical tourism are constructed through literature review and in-depth interviews with business representatives, experts, administrative organizations, and consumers. The consumer expectation and perception of medical tourism industry are collected and analyzed with artificial neural network and Mahalanobis Distance. The key improvement directions in the quality of service for medical tourism industry are sequenced as Service companies or hospitals present relevant certificates and certification, Appropriately keep secret of patients’ medical records, Service providers (travel agents, treatment planners) can understand customer demands, Travel agents should present medical knowledge to provide customers with correct information, and Service providers (travel agents, treatment planners) could design a standard service procedure according to customer demands. The research results could provide the government, industry, and universities with reference of decision-making for medical tourism.