gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the diffraction limit for lensless imaging (1999)

The diffraction limit for lensless imaging, defined as the sharpest possible point image obtainable with a pinhole aperture, is analyzed and compared to the corresponding limit for imaging with lenses by means of theoretical considerations and numerical computations using the Fresnel-Lommel diffraction theory for circular apertures. The numerical result (u = ) obtained for the best configuration parameter u which defines the optical setup is consistent with the quarter-wave criterion, and is the same as the value reported in a classical paper by Petzval but smaller than the value (u = 1.8) found by Lord Rayleigh. The smallest discernible detail (pixel) in a composite image is defined by an expression found by Rayleigh on ap-plying the half-wave criterion and is shown to be consistent with the Sparrow criterion of resolution. The numerical values of other measures of image size are reported and compared to equivalent parameters of the Fraunhofer-Airy profile that governs imaging with lenses.
Inhibitory effect of baicalein on IL‐6‐mediated signaling cascades in human myeloma cells (2009)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important growth factor for myeloma cells. IL-6 promotes the survival and proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells through the phosphorylated proteins, including STAT3, MAPK, and Akt. Chemical components that suppress the signaling proteins' phosphorylation have a potential role for MM therapy. We recently identified that baicalein, a component of Scutellaria radix, suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis of myeloma cells by blocking IkappaB-alpha degradation followed by down-regulating IL-6 and XIAP gene expression. In the present study of four myeloma cell lines, namely U266, NOP2, AMO1, and ILKM2, we demonstrated that baicalein not only inhibited IL-6-mediated phosphorylation of signaling proteins, such as Jak, STAT3, MAPK, and Akt, but also inhibited the expression of their target genes, such as bcl-xl. Finally, baicalein facilitated myeloma cell proliferation inhibited by dexamethasone. In contrast, baicalin, another major flavonoid derived from Scutellaria radix, had no significant effect on IL-6-mediated protein phosphorylation. Baicalein had no effect on Akt phosphorylation induced by the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in NOP2 cells. Compared with PD98059, an MAPK inhibitor, baicalein exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on Erk(1/2) phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate that baicalein is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphorylation induced by IL-6, and thus may be a useful agent for the treatment of MM.
The Effects Of Casuarina Bark On Lipid Profile And Random Blood Sugar Level In Albino Rats (2014)

The effect of Casuarina equisetifolia bark incorporated into rat feed at 10-40% on the lipid profiles and blood sugar of albino rats was investigated. The rats were fed ad lib for 21 days. The parameters studied were triacylglycerol (TGL), total cholesterol (TC), total lipid (TL), phospholipids (PHOS), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and random blood sugar (RBS). Their means were subjected to a t-Test at P<0.05. There was no significant change (P>0.05) in the TGL levels of all the rats, including the control, as they all range between 0.18-0.22(mg/dl). The effects on TC and TL were irregular as they did not display any dose dependence. The mean plasma PHOS levels did not change significantly (P>0.05) between the control and the rats fed on 10% feed (0.19 0.00 vs 0.18 0.00 mg/dl), was significantly lowered (P<0.05) at 20-40% feed content but did not change significantly (P>0.05) in the rats maintained on the feeds with the 20-40% bark contents. The mean HDL level rose, although insignificantly (P>0.05) with the percentage contents of the bark in the feeds; by implication, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was decreasing with the increase in the bark contents of the feeds-cardioprotective. The RBS also decreased as the percentage bark contents of the feeds increased, indication that it could have anti-diabetic properties.
Selective Dimerization of Propene to 4-Methyl-1-pentene by Potassium–Copper based Catalysts (1975)

Abstract The dimerization of propene by potassium catalyst was carried out at 180 °C in n-heptane to give 4-methyl-1-pentene as a major product. The effects of the addition of metal powders, potassium alkoxides and tertiary amines were investigated. The selective production of 4-methyl-1-pentene on adding metal powders increased in the order of Cu, Ag&amp;gt;Mg, Co&amp;gt;Al, Fe, Ni, Zn. When long-chain alkoxides were added to the potassium–copper catalyst system, potassium catalyst was observed to be dispersed, the relative reaction rates increased, and the isomerization of 4-methyl-1-pentene formed was retarded. Thus, the selectivity increased more than 90% after 40% conversion of propene. The potassium–copper–aliphatic tertiary amine-catalyst system caused the yield of 4-methyl-1-pentene to increase in a similar manner to the potassium–copper–alkoxide-catalyst system and inhibited the formation of the carbonaceous substance covering the surface of the catalyst, and the selectivity was not lowered after a higher conversion of propene.
Quantized vs. Analog Feedback for the MIMO Downlink : A comparison between Zero-Forcing based achievable rates (2007)

International audience
Regulation of Irregular Air Carriers (1949)

Commercial air transportation in the United States began at the conclusion of the first world war, and federal regulation developed slowly in the decade that followed as the Government attempted to maintain appropriate control over this new industry.The pattern of regulation which followed from the Air Commerce Act of 1926,' the Federal Aviation Commission Hearings of 1934,2 and the numerous hearings before Congress between 1934 and 1937 was solidified in the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938.'In the past decade this basic statute has been altered in only minor respects.However, the dynamic civil air transport industry has grown far beyond the concepts of the draftsmen and it has been necessary for the Civil Aeronautics Board to draw heavily upon its "administrative discretion" in the absence of necessary and fundamental amendments.This dependence upon administrative discretion has been greatest in the efforts to direct the development of nonscheduled air transportation. 4 The problems there have been myriad, with the regulations formulated on the bare statutory authority of Section 416(b) (1):'The Authority, from time to time and to the extent necessary, may (except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection) exempt from the requirements of this title or any provision thereof, * Member of New York and District of Columbia Bars.
Identification of the retrotalar pulley of the Flexor Hallucis Longus tendon (2019)

Functional Hallux Limitus is the expression of the gliding restraint of the Flexor Hallucis Longus (Fhl) tendon, resulting in several painful syndromes. This impingement is located along the tract of the Fhl tendon at the level of its retrotalar tunnel sealed posteriorly by a fibrous pulley. This pulley, although poorly anatomically characterized, has been arthroscopically proven that its presence or resection plays a pivotal clinical role in the biomechanics of the lower leg, being the main restraint to the physiological movement of the Fhl tendon. The aim of our study was to identify and characterize this anatomical structure. Eleven cadaveric lower legs were initially assessed by computer tomography (CT) imaging, subsequently plastinated, dissected and histologically evaluated by use of Mayer's and Hematoxylin stain. We have shown that the retrotalar pulley of the Fhl shares the same histological characteristics with the retinaculum of the long fibularis muscle and the retinaculum of flexor digitorum muscle, thus it constitutes a different entity than the adjacent formations.
Feedforward model-inverse position control of three-stage servo-valve using zero magnitude error tracking control (2018)

Three-stage servo-valves are popularly used in hydraulic systems that require large flow rate and high pressure. For a proper control of flow direction and flow rate fed into a hydraulic actuator, securing a proper position control bandwidth is a critical task for the servo-valve. In this paper, a set of popular control methods are systematically studied and a control method is selected. It is proven that the feedforward model-inverse control is the most effective method in terms of the control bandwidth. In the present work, the feedforward closed-loop architecture is adopted and the closed-loop system is estimated in a linear discrete-time transfer function by recursive least squares method. On recognizing a nonminimum phase zero problem, this work implements the zero magnitude error tracking control, an approximate model-inverse technique, in order to overcome the problem. As a result, the effectiveness of the proposed feedforward model-inverse position control strategy is verified.
VALSARTAN ALONE AND AS PART OF COMBINATION THERAPY IN GENERAL PRACTICE IN BRAZIL (2001)

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of valsartan (Diovan) when given alone or as part of a combination regimen in normal clinical practice, in general practice patients in Brazil. In an open, multicentre post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study, 7256 hypertensive patients were evaluated. Therapy with valsartan either as monotherapy or in combination with 12.5 mg chlorthalidone was observed for up to six months. Assessments at baseline and study endpoints included analysis of adverse events and measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). A total of 3855 patients (53%) received valsartan as monotherapy (mostly as 80 mg once daily), 1162 (16%) received 80 mg valsartan + 12.5 mg chlorthalidone, and 347 (4.8%) received valsartan together with other antihypertensive agents; 858 patients were not evaluable because of inadequate records. A control group of 1034 patients received other antihypertensives. Overall tolerability was high, with 98.5% of patients receiving valsartan alone, 97.7% of those receiving valsartan + chlorthalidone and 92.4% of those receiving other antihypertensives giving tolerability ratings of 'excellent' or 'good'. In this large PMS study, valsartan alone and in combination with chlorthalidone was associated with excellent safety and tolerability in general practice patients in Brazil with primary hypertension, irrespective of age, sex or concomitant diseases.
Genome-wide identification and transcriptional analysis of folate metabolism-related genes in maize kernels (2015)

The enzymes involved in folate and C1 metabolism are conserved between maize and other plant species. Folate and C1 metabolism is active in young developing maize seeds at transcriptional levels.
Searching for universality of dineutron correlation at the surface of Borromean nuclei (2023)

The dineutron correlation is systematically studied in three different Borromean nuclei near the neutron dripline, 11Li, 14Be and 17B, via the (p,pn) knockout reaction measured at the RIBF facility in RIKEN. For the three nuclei, the correlation angle between the valence neutrons is found to be largest in the same range of intrinsic momenta, which can be associated to the nuclear surface. This result reinforces the prediction that the formation of the dineutron is universal in environments with low neutron density, such as the surface of neutron-rich Borromean nuclei.
Financial toxicity among patients with lung cancer in a publicly funded health care system. (2018)

192 Background: Financial distress has been established as a clinically relevant patient-reported outcome (PRO) associated with worse mortality and quality of life, but remains under-recognized by health care providers. Our goal was to define factors associated with financial toxicity (FT) in a public healthcare system. Methods: Patients with advanced lung cancer were recruited from outpatient clinics at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Toronto, Canada). FT was measured with the validated Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) instrument, a 12-item survey scored from 0-44 with lower scores reflecting worse financial well-being. Data on patient and treatment characteristics, total out-of-pocket costs (OOP) and extended insurance coverage (EIC) were collected. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit for COST score and each variable, to determine factors associated with greater FT (COST &lt; 21). Results: Of 251 patients approached, 200 (80%) participated. Median age of the cohort was 65 years; 56% were female, 64% immigrants and 77% employed or on pension. Median total OOP while on treatment ranged between $1000-5000 CAD. Median COST score was 21 (range 0-44). FT was associated with age, with patients &lt; 65 years reporting greater FT than older patients (COST 18.0 vs. 24.0, p &lt; 0.0001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, younger age was associated with greater FT, when adjusting for income, employment status, OOP and EIC (OR 3.6, [95% CI, 1.5-9.1]; p &lt; 0.0001). Total OOP &gt; $1000 and EIC also were associated with greater FT (adjusted OR 5.0 [95% CI, 2.0-12.1] and 3.7 [95% CI, 1.5-9.1], respectively). Conclusions: Age is significantly associated with FT in the Canadian (Ontario) public healthcare system, with younger lung cancer patients reporting greater financial distress. This study highlights priority patient populations where FT should be routinely assessed and appropriate resources for support offered.
Serum Levels of MicroRNA-371a-3p (M371) Can Predict Absence or Presence of Vital Disease in Residual Masses After Chemotherapy of Metastatic Seminoma (2022)

Normal M371 serum levels at the time of completion of treatment of metastatic seminoma indicate the absence of vital seminoma in residual masses, while elevated levels >RQ = 10 predict the presence of disease. The optimal timing of M371 measurement after chemotherapy and the appropriate cutoff level still need to be determined. Based on the present results, measuring serum M371 levels involves the potential of a novel tool for assessing postchemotherapy residual masses of metastatic seminoma.
A six-carbazole-decorated cyclophosphazene as a host with high triplet energy to realize efficient delayed-fluorescence OLEDs (2013)

A high triplet energy (ET) host material, hexakis(9H-carbazol-9-yl)cyclotriphosphazene (PzCz), is used in high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). PzCz (ET = 3.00 eV) functions as an effective host for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules. Highest external electroluminescence quantum efficiencies over 15% and 18% are achieved for blue-green and green TADF-OLEDs, respectively.
An Intelligent Dialogue Agent for the IoT Home. (2016)

In this paper, we propose an intelligent dialogue agent for the IoT home. The goal of the proposed system is to efficiently control IoT devices with natural spoken dialogue. This system is made up of the following components: Spoken Language Understanding for analyzing textual input and understanding user intention, Dialogue Management with a State Manager that consists of dialogue policies, Context Manager for understanding the environment, Action Planner responsible for generating a sequence of actions to achieve user intention, Things Manager for observing and controlling IoT devices, and Natural Language Generation that generates natural language from computer-based representation. This system is fully implemented in software and is evaluated in a real IoT home environment.
Visible to Near-Infrared Fluorescence Enhanced Cellular Imaging on Plasmonic Gold Chips (2015)

Rapid and sensitive detections of a variety of surface and intracellular proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular biomarkers are important to elucidating biological signaling pathways and to devising disease diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, sensitive imaging and detection of cellular proteins on fluorescence-enhancing, nanostructured plasmonic gold (pGold) chips is presented. Imaging of fluorescently labeled cellular biomarkers on pGold is enhanced by 2-30-fold in the visible to near infrared (NIR) range of ≈500-900 nm. The high fluorescence enhancement of >700 nm significantly improves the dynamic range and signal/background ratios of NIR imaging, allowing high-performance multicolor imaging in the visible-NIR range using high quantum yield (QY) visible dyes and lower QY NIR fluorophores. Further, multiple cellular proteins of single cells of various cell types can be detected through microarraying of cells, useful for potentially hundreds and thousands different types of cells assayed on a single chip down to small cell numbers. This work suggests a simple, high throughput, high sensitivity, and multiplexed single-cell analysis method on fluorescence enhancing plasmonic substrates in the entire visible to NIR window.
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GOITER. (1904)

The statistics of the continental surgeons in reference to goiter have greatly added to the wholesome respect we have held as to their surgical skill. There the various operative methods of affording relief have been advanced to a high state of perfection. Especially is this true in localities in which goiter is endemic, where many surgeons have done hundreds, a few over a thousand, and the great surgeon, Kocher, is well along now in his third thousand of operations for goiter. Their mortality is low, and becomes less with increasing experience. In this country, where the disease is comparatively rare, the greater proportion of operations have been from necessity, and too often were delayed until a fatal result was a not infrequent occurrence. Few operators have had a large experience, and the mortality has been somewhat higher, taken as a whole, than that of continental surgeons; but possibly this difference
P0573 DESQUAMATIVE ENTEROCOLITIS ??? A CAUSE OF SEVERE PERSISTENT DIARRHOEA RELATED TO EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA-PYLORIC ATRESIA SYNDROME (2004)

Introduction: Two causes of severe persistent diarrhoea of infancy have been reported due to impaired epithelial adhesion. Tufting enteropathy is now widely recognised, while a single case of an apparently desquamative enteropathy was associated with congenital pyloric atresia and defective expression of epithelial á6â4 integrin [1]. We report a second case of desquamative enterocolitis, which is an intestinal variant of the epidermolysis bullosa- pyloric atresia syndrome. A female child, of consanguineous parents, presented soon after birth with pyloric atresia. An older sibling had presented similarly and died from chronic diarrhoea. This child then developed severe acute episodes of diarrhoea and massive protein-losing enteropathy, inducing anasarca through profound hypoal-buminaemia. Between episodes she was well. Acute episodes followed viral infections and were first characterised by blistering of palms and soles followed by this severe diarrhoea, when stools contained visible strips of mucosa, and she developed obstructive uropathy. Methods: In view of the shared phenotypic features with the epidermolysis bullosa- pyloric atresia syndrome, known to be due to mutations in á6â4 integrin, we characterised mucosal expression of both á6 integrin (a and b isoforms) and â4 integrin by immunohistochemistry in both duodenum and colon. Mutation analysis of both integrins is currently under way. We additionally studied the mucosal distribution of CD3 T cells, IgA, IgM, IgG and complement C1q. Results: Histology taken on two occasions showed complete colonic denudation, with no epithelium detectable on any biopsy. The duodenum showed patchy lifting of epithelial strips, with no tufting enteropathy. Colonic epithelial espression of á6 integrin was reduced. Mucosal IgG expression was abnormal in the colon, with dense expression within the subepithelial basal lamina. C1q also localised strongly in colonic basal lamina, while IgA and IgM were normal. Abdominal ultrasound showed hydronephrosis, and cystoscopy demonstrated marked bladder wall thickening. Conclusion: These findings support the previous report by Lachaux et al [1] to confirm the existence of a desquamative enterocolitis, associated with congenital pyloric atresia. This appears an overlap syndrome with epidermolyis bullosapyloric atresia syndrome. The episodic nature of this patient’s relapse may relate to IgG and C1q deposition in basement membrane, implying a secondary autoimmune response.
Detection of Three Genetic Polymorphisms in the 5′‐Flanking Region and Intron 1 of Human CYP1A2 in the Japanese Population (1999)

Interindividual variability of the activity of CYP1A2 may be expected to affect cancer susceptibility, since the enzyme is capable of activating several carcinogens. In the present study, we found three new polymorphisms in the 5'-flanking region (CYPIA2/B) and intron 1 (CYPIA2/C and CYP1A2/D) of CYP1A2 in Japanese by using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism. We developed methods to detect these polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and performed a population study (159 subjects) to estimate the frequencies of the alleles. The frequencies of the CYP1A2/A (adenine), CYP1A2/B (thymine-deleted), CYP1A2/C (guanine) and CYP1A2/D (adenine) variants were 21.1, 42.0, 8.2 and 61.3%, respectively. The results of family study supported the idea that these CYP1A2 genotypes are inherited with an autosomal codominant transmission.
Frequency of human immunodeficiency virus type-2 in hiv infected patients in Maputo City, Mozambique (2011)

The HIV/AIDS pandemic is primarily caused by HIV-1. Another virus type, HIV-2, is found mainly in West African countries. We hypothesized that population migration and mobility in Africa may have facilitated the introduction and spreading of HIV-2 in Mozambique. The presence of HIV-2 has important implications for diagnosis and choice of treatment of HIV infection. Hence, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HIV-2 infection and its genotype in Maputo, Mozambique.HIV-infected individuals (N = 1,200) were consecutively enrolled and screened for IgG antibodies against HIV-1 gp41 and HIV-2 gp36 using peptide-based enzyme immunoassays (pepEIA). Specimens showing reactivity on the HIV-2 pepEIA were further tested using the INNO-LIA immunoblot assay and HIV-2 PCR targeting RT and PR genes. Subtype analysis of HIV-2 was based on the protease gene.After screening with HIV-2 pepEIA 1,168 were non-reactive and 32 were reactive to HIV-2 gp36 peptide. Of this total, 30 specimens were simultaneously reactive to gp41 and gp36 pepEIA while two samples reacted solely to gp36 peptide. Only three specimens containing antibodies against gp36 and gp105 on the INNO-LIA immunoblot assay were found to be positive by PCR to HIV-2 subtype A.The proportion of HIV-2 in Maputo City was 0.25% (90%CI 0.01-0.49). The HIV epidemic in Southern Mozambique is driven by HIV-1, with HIV-2 also circulating at a marginal rate. Surveillance program need to improve HIV-2 diagnosis and consider periodical survey aiming to monitor HIV-2 prevalence in the country.
FEVER BURDEN AND FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY AFTER SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE (2008)

Cumulative fever burden was associated with worse outcomes in good-grade patients and potential late recovery in poor-grade patients. Effective fever control in febrile subarachnoid hemorrhage patients may improve functional outcomes and hasten recovery.