gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a 3′‐Deoxy‐C‐Nucleoside Phosphonate Bearing 9‐Deazaadenine as Base Moiety (2018)

Herein, the synthesis of the first example of a 3′‐deoxy‐5′‐phosphonate 2′[R] C‐nucleoside and its corresponding prodrug is presented. The developed route involves a reductive debromination at the 2′‐position of a suitably substituted 9‐deazaadenosine intermediate, followed by a stereoselective glycosylation at the 5′‐anomeric position to achieve the installation of the phosphonomethoxy functionality. The target compound with the desired configuration is formed upon base‐promoted epimerization at the 2′[S]‐position of the sugar moiety.
The omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits mouse MC‐26 colorectal cancer cell liver metastasis via inhibition of PGE2‐dependent cell motility (2012)

EPA-FFA inhibits MC-26 CRC cell liver metastasis. EPA incorporation is associated with a 'PGE(2) to PGE(3) switch' in liver tumours. Inhibition of PGE(2)-EP(4) receptor-dependent CRC cell motility probably contributes to the antineoplastic activity of EPA.
Associations between Dietary Iron and Zinc Intakes, and between Biochemical Iron and Zinc Status in Women (2015)

Iron and zinc are found in similar foods and absorption of both may be affected by food compounds, thus biochemical iron and zinc status may be related. This cross-sectional study aimed to: (1) describe dietary intakes and biochemical status of iron and zinc; (2) investigate associations between dietary iron and zinc intakes; and (3) investigate associations between biochemical iron and zinc status in a sample of premenopausal women aged 18-50 years who were recruited in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a 154-item food frequency questionnaire (n = 379). Iron status was assessed using serum ferritin and hemoglobin, zinc status using serum zinc (standardized to 08:00 collection), and presence of infection/inflammation using C-reactive protein (n = 326). Associations were explored using multiple regression and logistic regression. Mean (SD) iron and zinc intakes were 10.5 (3.5) mg/day and 9.3 (3.8) mg/day, respectively. Median (interquartile range) serum ferritin was 22 (12-38) μg/L and mean serum zinc concentrations (SD) were 12.6 (1.7) μmol/L in fasting samples and 11.8 (2.0) μmol/L in nonfasting samples. For each 1 mg/day increase in dietary iron intake, zinc intake increased by 0.4 mg/day. Each 1 μmol/L increase in serum zinc corresponded to a 6% increase in serum ferritin, however women with low serum zinc concentration (AM fasting < 10.7 μmol/L; AM nonfasting < 10.1 μmol/L) were not at increased risk of depleted iron stores (serum ferritin <15 μg/L; p = 0.340). Positive associations were observed between dietary iron and zinc intakes, and between iron and zinc status, however interpreting serum ferritin concentrations was not a useful proxy for estimating the likelihood of low serum zinc concentrations and women with depleted iron stores were not at increased risk of impaired zinc status in this cohort.
35 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ONSET OF ENUCLEATION DURING MEIOTIC MATURATION OF RECIPIENT OOCYTES AND DEVELOPMENTAL ABILITY OF SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER EMBRYOS IN PIGS (2006)

In somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), maturation promoting factor (MPF) is believed to be one of the factors involved with nuclear envelope breakdown and chromatin condensation of the transferred nucleus. Although MPF activity is high both in metaphase-I or -II oocytes (M-I and M-II, respectively), only M-II oocytes have been used exclusively as recipient cytoplasts in SCNT. In this study, we examined the effect of different onset of (1) enucleation of recipient oocytes at the M-I and M-II stages, and (2) fusion and activation of the couplets on their developmental ability to the blastocyst stage in pigs. The primary cultured cumulus cells were used as donor karyoplasts, and recipient cytoplasts were prepared by enucleation of in vitro -matured oocytes using gradient centrifugation in percoll solution. A karyoplast and a cytoplast were fused by 2 DC pulses of 1.5 kV cm-1 for 20 µs, and then the couplets were activated by 2 DC pulses of 0.8 kV cm-1 for 30 µs. The reconstructed embryos were cultured according to Kikuchi et al . (2002 Biol. Reprod. 66, 1033–1041) except for the addition of 5% FCS to NCSU-37 during Days 2–7 (Day 0 is the day of SCNT) of embryo culture using the WOW culture system (Vajta et al . 2000 Mol. Reprod. Dev. 55, 258–264). Some of the embryos were fixed at 1, 10, and 24 h after activation and examined for morphology of nuclei. After 30 h of IVM, oocytes (mainly at the M-I stage) were enucleated. Then the couplets were fused immediately (Group A) or at 48 h after the onset of IVM (Group B); activation was conducted at 48 h of IVM (Group A) or at 1 h after fusion (Group B). As a control group, oocytes were enucleated after 48 h of IVM and then the couplets were fused and activated. None of the embryos in Group B developed to the blastocyst stage. However, a few of the embryos [2/117 (1.7%)] in Group A developed to the blastocyst stage; however, the rate was significantly lower than that of the control group [10/112 (8.9%); chi-square; P = 0.03]. The rates of embryos undergoing premature chromosome condensation (PCC) in Group B at 1 h and 10 h after activation were significantly lower than those in Group A [1 h: 51/69 (73.9%) vs. 76/76 (100%); 10 h: 24/76 (31.6%) vs. 45/91 (49.5%), respectively); some of them had pseudo-pronuclei. By 24 h after activation there were no detectable differences in the rates of cleavage [2/70 (2.9%) vs. 2/61 (3.3%)]; however, the rates were significantly lower than that of the control group [23/90 (25.6%); chi-square; P &amp;lt; 0.05]. These results suggest that MPF activity might be changed in oocytes without nucleus during the maturation culture. Thus, a specific nucleus-associated factor(s) that may present in the cytoplasm seems to be essential for the successful remodeling of the transferred nucleus and the development of SCNT embryos to the blastocyst stage.
Light Field Rendering for non-Lambertian Objects (2021)

In this paper we propose a solution for view synthesis of scenes presenting highly non-Lambertian objects. While Image-Based Rendering methods can easily render diffuse materials given only their depth, non-Lambertian objects present non-linear displacements of their features, characterized by curved lines in epipolar plane images. Hence, we propose to replace the depth maps used for rendering new viewpoints by a more complex "non-Lambertian map"describing the light field's behavior. In a 4D light field, diffuse features are linearly displaced following their disparity, but non-Lambertian feature can follow any trajectory and need to be approximated by non-Lambertian maps. We compute those maps from nine input images using Bezier or polynomial interpolation. After the map computation, a classical Image-Based Rendering method is applied to warp the input images to novel viewpoints.
Fast Multiple-Baseline Stereo with Occlusion (2005)

This paper presents a new and fast algorithm for multi-baseline stereo designed to handle the occlusion problem. The algorithm is a hybrid between fast heuristic occlusion overcoming algorithms that precompute an approximate visibility and slower methods that use correct visibility handling. Our approach is based on iterative dynamic programming and computes simultaneously disparity and camera visibility. Interestingly, dynamic programming makes it possible to compute exactly part of the visibility information. The remainder is obtained through heuristics. The validity of our scheme is established using real imagery with ground truth and compares favorably with other state-of-the-art multi-baseline stereo algorithms.
248-nm laser interaction studies on MgF 2 /LaF 3 optical coatings by mass spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1996)

A UHV surface analysis system combined with an optical setup was used in the present work to study the conditioning mechanism on MgF<SUB>2?</SUB>/LaF<SUB>3</SUB> HR coatings at 248 nm excimer laser wavelength. During laser irradiation of the sample the laser-induced emission of contaminants and coating material from the sample surface was recorded by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. To analyze changes in composition and chemical bonds of the coating surface XPS-measurements were performed before, during and after irradiation in dependence on sample design, number of pulses and oxygen atmosphere.
Reflection: Its Concepts and Applications in Geometry. (2004)

This paper discusses the basic concepts of reflection and its related concepts in optics. It aims at providing examples on how to apply the principle of reflection in geometry. Explorations of the concepts involved via dynamic geometry software are also included.
The effect of i.v. sumatriptan, a selective 5-HT1-receptor agonist on central haemodynamics and the coronary circulation. (1992)

1. Sumatriptan (GR43175) is a selective 5-HT1-receptor agonist effective in the acute treatment of migraine. Vasoactive properties in other vascular beds have been suggested by recent in vitro studies. 2. Its effects on coronary artery dimensions and central haemodynamics were assessed in 10 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary arteriography using digital subtraction angiography and invasive haemodynamic monitoring. 3. Following a 10 min i.v. infusion of sumatriptan to a total dose of 48 micrograms kg-1 there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures. There was a significant reduction in coronary artery diameter from 4.3 +/- 1.6 mm to 3.6 +/- 1.6 mm 12.9 +/- 6.9% (P < 0.001). There was no significant change in heart rate or ECG morphology. 4. Sumatriptan, a 5-HT1-receptor agonist, causes a vasopressor response in the systemic and pulmonary arterial circulations and coronary artery vasoconstriction; in this study there were no clinical sequelae.
Xenogeneic collagen matrix versus connective tissue graft for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2019)

A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to understand the efficacy of xenogeneic collagen matrix (CMX) compared with connective tissue graft (CTG) for the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions (MAGRs). A literature search was performed for published randomized controlled trials in adult patients (≥18 years old) with Multiple Adjacent Miller class I and II gingival recessions (MAGRs). The assessments included recession depth, Recession width, complete root coverage, mean root coverage, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and keratinized tissue width. Pooled data were analyzed using fixed- and random-effects models, and Forest plots were constructed. Heterogeneity within studies was calculated to assess publication bias. Four randomized controlled trials were included based on the eligibility criteria. Although the recession depth, complete root coverage, and mean root coverage were significantly lower with CMX (<i>p</i> = .017 and <i>p</i> = .001, <i>p</i> = .001, respectively), there was no statistically significant difference in the Recession width between CMX and CTG (<i>p</i> = .203). CMX showed significantly lower Probing Depth than CTG (<i>p</i> = .023); however, no significant difference in clinical attachment level (<i>p</i> = .060) and keratinized tissue width (<i>p</i> = .052) was observed between the groups. Owing to the heterogeneity in the included studies, firm conclusions cannot be drawn regarding the noninferiority of CMX compared with CTG. Long-term studies are therefore needed to conclusively establish the relative efficacy of CMX in MAGR.
Thermal acid impulse method for enhanced oil recovery (2020)

Abstract The injection rate created by the equipment does not provide uniform heating of the acid solution with thermo-acid samples. The first portion of the solution overheats, and the subsequent ones turn out to be underheated. Therefore, the effectiveness of acid and thermo-acid treatment of highly drained wells with low reservoir pressure is rather low. To increase the efficiency, a method of acid and thermo-acid impulses was proposed, a methodology for its application was developed, and simple designs of the necessary underground and ground equipment for wells were developed (tip reactors and a universal wellhead). If in a well intended for thermoacid treatment by pulsation the filter or some part of it turned out to be blocked by a sand plug, then they were preliminarily cleaned with a bailer without opening the sump. Thermo-acidic (as well as acidic) well treatment by pulsation is carried out without the use of a pumping unit, which can significantly reduce costs. Thus, the most suitable acidic solution for thermoacid pulsation is 15% HCl inhibited by unicol.
Gyrotropy and permittivity sensing driven by toroidal response (2023)

Abstract Using a quasi-static model of a toroidal metamaterial we demonstrate analytically that simultaneous excitation of the magnetic and toroidal dipoles in an array of subwavelength toroidal solenoids results in gyrotropic behaviour resembling conventional optical activity. We derive the polarization eigenstates of this uniaxial chiral toroidal metamaterial and show that such a medium is reciprocal, while the eigenstates are represented by two counter-rotating ellipses, one of which can be used for probing changes of the host permittivity in a manner exclusive to the toroidal metamaterial. We also show that the mechanism of permittivity sensing involving resonant toroidal response is fundamentally different from that, which has been exploited so far under the term ‘toroidal’.
Application of surface waves for antifouling (1991)

Marine fouling in ships and biofouling in condenser tubes, etc. cause numerous problems and a large reduction of fuel efficiency. Conventional methods include toxic paints and hull vibration. A nontoxic solution would be to excite Love waves on the surface and prevent the very first bio-attachment on the surface. A thin PZT film with IDTs (InterDigital Transducers) flush mounted to the surface is used to launch these waves. Experimental results of this technique, which seems viable and cost effective, and most importantly, nontoxic, will be discussed.
Emerging crosstalk between long non-coding RNAs and Nrf2 signaling (2020)

Diverse stimuli trigger Nrf2 signaling, which in turn transcriptionally regulates an array of downstream targets, providing for multiple layers of control. While Nrf2 activity largely is governed by posttranslational modification of critical thiol residues in the protein partner and redox sensor Keap1, fine-tuning is provided by additional mechanisms - including epigenetic regulation. Herein, we review the emerging significance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) as downstream targets and upstream regulators of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Among the ~16000 lncRNAs in GENCODE, some have been validated as transcriptionally regulated by Nrf2 (e.g., LUCAT1, NMRAL2P, ODRUL, ROR and TUG1), and others have been identified as upstream regulators of Nrf2 expression (e.g., HOTAIR, MALAT1, MEG1, NRAL and UCA1). Bioinformatic analyses of annotated human lncRNAs identified putative Nrf2 binding sites in the promoter regions of 13,285 lncRNAs. Further investigation is warranted to validate the many novel lncRNAs as bona fide Nrf2-regulated targets, and their roles in Nrf2 signaling. Nrf2 is considered a promising therapeutic candidate for cancer and other chronic diseases; thus, targeting the associated lncRNAs might provide for a more refined fine-tuning of the system, depending on cellular and pathophysiological context.
Clustering and Subsequent Contour and Motion Estimation of Automotive Objects Using a Network of Cooperative Radar Sensors (2022)

A method for collaborative target list processing of multiple radar sensors simultaneously estimating multiple extended targets is presented and discussed. A scheme to cluster target points from multiple radar sensors jointly is described that deals with overclustering and separation of objects. Algorithms to estimate the contour (i.e., dimensions) and motion of these objects are proposed and evaluated. Additionally, the influence of the number of sensors on the results is investigated and compared to single sensor estimates. The processing of measurements with three radar sensors and two vehicles shows the advantages of using more than one sensor, as well as the proposed algorithms.
Adaptive workspace biasing for sampling-based planners (2008)

The widespread success of sampling-based planning algorithms stems from their ability to rapidly discover the connectivity of a configuration space. Past research has found that non-uniform sampling in the configuration space can significantly outperform uniform sampling; one important strategy is to bias the sampling distribution based on features present in the underlying workspace. In this paper, we unite several previous approaches to workspace biasing into a general framework for automatically discovering useful sampling distributions. We present a novel algorithm, based on the REINFORCE family of stochastic policy gradient algorithms, which automatically discovers a locally-optimal weighting of workspace features to produce a distribution which performs well for a given class of sampling-based motion planning queries. We present as well a novel set of workspace features that our adaptive algorithm can leverage for improved configuration space sampling. Experimental results show our algorithm to be effective across a variety of robotic platforms and high- dimensional configuration spaces.
Efficient Continuous-Wave Tm,Ho:CaF2 Laser at ~2.1 μm (2022)

Tm 3+ ,Ho 3+ -codoped CaF 2 crystals were grown by the Bridgman method and their spectroscopic properties were studied. A continuous-wave Tm,Ho:CaF 2 laser generated an output power of 465 mW at 2.08 μm with a slope efficiency of 24.0%.
Preparation of Cu-Loaded Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon Catalysts for Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of Phenol (2020)

A series of Cu-loaded biomass-derived activated carbon (Cu/AC) catalysts with various impregnation ratios were prepared by precursor impregnation (PI) and activated carbon impregnation (ACI) methods. N2 adsorption–desorption, inductively coupled plasma, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, etc., were used to investigate their physicochemical properties. The performance of catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol using O2 as the oxidant was evaluated. The results demonstrated that the catalysts prepared by the PI method have higher specific surface area and Cu content. In the catalysts, Cu species coexisted with Cu2+ and (Cu+ + Cu0). The content of (Cu+ + Cu0) in PI catalysts was higher, which was favorable for the formation of free radicals (O2–· and HO·), and then improved the conversions of phenol and chemical oxygen demand. The PI catalyst prepared with an impregnation ratio of 3 exhibited the best catalytic activity for phenol oxidation. Meanwhile, the loss of Cu species was the main cause of catalyst deactivation.
Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model to approximate MOSFET capacitance for VRM applications (2010)

The Takagi-Sugeno (TSK) fuzzy model has been extensively used in control applications because of its capability to efficiently approximate multidimensional characteristics. Its application to model circuits and devices has been hitherto reduced, despite its potential benefits. This work is devoted to model by means of TSK scheme the nonlinear characteristics of power MOSFET capacitances to evaluate its impact in the efficiency of Voltage Regulator Modules (VRM) targeting microprocessor supply. A systematic synthesis procedure is proposed to derive the TSK model from experimental data. Implementation of the fuzzy model in a general-purpose circuit simulator is included and its comparison with a look-up-table is discussed.
Durable PEM Fuel Cell Electrode Materials: Requirements and Benchmarking Methodologies (2006)

This paper discusses methodologies to evaluate durability of catalyst and carbon-support materials used in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells under relevant automotive accelerated test conditions. Durability of carbon-supported Pt and Pt-alloy catalyst is evaluated under an accelerated voltage- cycling protocol, developed by analyzing idle-to-peak power load-transients of various automotive drive-cycles. Results indicate that Pt catalysts on conventional carbon supports (Pt/C) are unlikely to meet automotive durability target; however, given no loss in specific-activity over time, Pt- alloys are likely to be successful. Shutdown/startup of fuel cell stack and local fuel starvation are recognized as an accelerating mechanism for carbon-support corrosion. Conventional and corrosion-resistant supports are evaluated under an accelerated protocol (1.2V vs. RHE). Corrosion of these currently used supports induces unacceptable mass- transport related performance loss at high current densities. Implementation of corrosion-resistant supports in high- performance electrodes, combined with controlled system strategies, will most likely lead to automotive carbon support durability targets being met.
Cytotoxic Prenylflavanones from Taiwanese Propolis (2003)

Two new prenylflavanones, propolin A (2) and propolin B (3), were isolated and characterized from Taiwanese propolis. Both compounds were found to have cytotoxic properties against three cancer cell lines. DNA content analyses and DNA fragmentation indicated that propolin A (2) efficiently induced apoptosis in cancer cell lines, but had no effect on the cell cycle program. Furthermore, both propolin A (2) and B (3) are potential antioxidant agents and show strong scavenging effects against most types of free radicals.