gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract Encoding of Categorical Decisions in Medial Superior Temporal and Lateral Intraparietal Cortices (2022)

Categorization is an essential cognitive and perceptual process for decision-making and recognition. The posterior parietal cortex, particularly the lateral intraparietal (LIP) area has been suggested to transform visual feature encoding into abstract categorical representations. By contrast, areas closer to sensory input, such as the middle temporal (MT) area, encode stimulus features but not more abstract categorical information during categorization tasks. Here, we compare the contributions of the medial superior temporal (MST) and LIP areas in category computation by recording neuronal activity in both areas from two male rhesus macaques trained to perform a visual motion categorization task. MST is a core motion-processing region interconnected with MT and is often considered an intermediate processing stage between MT and LIP. We show that MST exhibits robust decision-correlated motion category encoding and working memory encoding similar to LIP, suggesting that MST plays a substantial role in cognitive computation, extending beyond its widely recognized role in visual motion processing.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Categorization requires assigning incoming sensory stimuli into behaviorally relevant groups. Previous work found that parietal area LIP shows a strong encoding of the learned category membership of visual motion stimuli, while visual area MT shows strong direction tuning but not category tuning during a motion direction categorization task. Here we show that the medial superior temporal (MST) area, a visual motion-processing region interconnected with both LIP and MT, shows strong visual category encoding similar to that observed in LIP. This suggests that MST plays a greater role in abstract cognitive functions, extending beyond its well known role in visual motion processing.
A DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHOD BASED ON A GENERALIZED SCATTERING MATRIX FORMALISM AND A COMPLEX SOURCE EXPANSION (2010)

A general domain decomposition scheme based on the use of complex sources is presented for the electromagnetic analysis of complex antenna and/or scattering problems. The analysis domain is decomposed into separate subdomains whose interactions are described through a network formalism, where the ports are associated with complex point source (CPS) beams radially emerging from the subdomain boundaries. Each obstacle is independently analyzed with the most appropriate technique and described through a generalized scattering matrix (GSM). Finally, a linear system is constructed, where the excitation vector is given by the complex source expansion of the primary sources. Thanks to the angular selectivity of the CPS beams, the subdomain interactions only involve a small fraction of the beams; thus, yielding sparse moderate size linear systems. Due to the re-usability of the GSMs, the proposed approach is particularly efficient in the context of parametric studies or antenna installation problems. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed strategy.
Use of PRO Measures to Inform Tolerability in Oncology Trials: Implications for Clinical Review, IND Safety Reporting, and Clinical Site Inspections (2017)

Cancer therapeutics frequently lead to symptomatic adverse events (AE) that can affect treatment tolerability. The NCI has developed the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) to assess symptomatic AEs by direct patient self-report. Although longitudinal assessment of patient-reported symptomatic AEs holds promise to better inform treatment tolerability, using patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures to assess symptomatic AEs has raised several regulatory and good clinical practice issues among those who conduct cancer clinical trials. These include concerns regarding trial monitoring, clinical review of PRO results by investigators and delegated clinical staff, whether PRO data on symptomatic AEs require investigational new drug (IND) safety reporting, and how the trial conduct and resultant PRO data will be assessed during clinical investigator site inspections. This article addresses current thinking regarding these issues in cancer clinical trials from the FDA, the NCI, and the Office for Human Research Protections. PRO measures, such as PRO-CTCAE, that assess symptomatic AEs in cancer trials are considered similar to other PRO assessments of symptoms, function, and health-related quality of life and can generate complementary data that may inform tolerability. Clarity on operational concerns related to incorporating PRO measures to inform tolerability is critical to continue the advancement of rigorous PRO assessment in cancer clinical trials. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(8); 1780-4. ©2017 AACR</i><i>See related commentary by Nipp and Temel, p. 1777</i>.
Development of a material model to simulate through-the-thickness transmission of vibration in the adult human skull (2014)

Brain injury resulting from exposure to blast continues to be a significant problem in the military community, often leading to death or long term disability. The presence of high frequency energy content in pressure waves generated in explosive blasts necessitates understanding the transmissibility and damping characteristics of skull bone, through which these waves must pass before reaching the brain. Current finite element models (FEM) of the skull do not include material damping and therefore fail to capture the correct attenuation spectrum or rate dependency of skull bone. This study uses a simple lumped mass model that is representative of the human skull to obtain material parameters for use in the skull FEM. Cylindrical through-the-thickness specimens (cores) of skull bone, approximately 18 mm diameter, were obtained from ten regions of the right calvarium of ten adult (55 ± 10 years old) male post-mortem human surrogates. A test apparatus was developed to apply cyclic loading to potted cores at frequencies ranging from 1 to 50 kHz using a piezoelectric shaker. High bandwidth transducers were used to record accelerations and forces at the boundary. A lumped mass model was developed and optimized to match the recorded boundary conditions. Due to large specimen to specimen variation of response, the model parameters were dependent on core geometry and histology. A micro computed tomography (μCT) study of the cores was performed prior to testing in order to characterize the geometry and histology. The lumped masses in the model are calculated from actual measured total mass of cores and spatial distributions from μCT and can be used as mass density parameters in FE. The stiffness and damping parameters in the model are used to develop material parameters in the FEM. In the uncoupled mode, when the inner cortical table is traction free, the model exhibits damped resonance at ~32 kHz due to compliance and damping in the trabecular region. The vibration amplification at this frequency is ~15 dB. At frequencies beyond this first resonance, the vibration attenuation increases at ~30 dB/decade. The cortical shells resonate at ~300 kHz beyond which attenuation increases rapidly at 120 dB/decade. Confidence intervals for the model parameters are developed and reported in this paper. Previous researchers have tested pure cortical bone under cyclic loading and have reported very small loss due to material damping. Data regarding damping in trabecular bone does not exist in current literature. This model replicates the composite response of the skull as a whole. The dynamic compression response of the model has been validated against tests conducted on the same cores. This model is suitable for implementation in an FEM of the head whose response has been verified in scenarios involving high frequency cyclic loading such as during explosive blast.
Geochemical Continuity and Catalyst/Cofactor Replacement in the Emergence and Evolution of Life (2018)

The origin of life is mostly divided into "genetics first" and "metabolism first" hypotheses. The former is based on spark-tube tests and organic species from meteorites and comets, and proposes a heterotrophic origin of life also consistent with the "RNA World" concept. The "metabolism first" hypothesis posits that life began autotrophically on minerals and/or hydrothermal vents. The lack of direct evidence means it is not possible to lend solid support to either hypothesis but the "metabolism first" option can be explored if a continuous geochemical, catalytically dynamic process is assumed. Using this approach, it is speculated that purine and pyrimidine synthesis originated on a mineral surface, which was later replaced by ATP. The same applies to redox processes where metal-bound hydrides could have been replaced by NAD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Alkyl‐6‐bromo‐4,5‐E‐hexenoate. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An approach to rapid manufacturing with custom fixturing (2002)

We present an approach for automatically generating complete process plans, including fixturing and CNC code, from high level shape feature part descriptions. The demonstration system is targeted at a broadly useful class of machined prismatic parts which includes sculpted exterior profiles and features requiring four and five axis indexing for manufacture. The approach introduces a set of process plan templates which are schemas for a family of process plans embodying a variety of fixturing strategies. The knowledge built into the process plan templates can adapt existing part hole features to be used for fixturing, can modify the workpiece to enable fixturing, and can create custom fixturing components for stages of the process plan. The process plan template system automatically transforms a given part design into a complete process plan. The user can provide optional guidance for this transformation and also can edit the resulting process plan to further extend the usefulness of this approach through customization. Domain knowledge in the process plan then automatically generates CNC code for a target machining center. This research is implemented as an experimental subsystem within our Alpha 1 modeling and manufacturing testbed environment, and has been used to design and manufacture working components for outside client applications.
Fibronectin-Facilitated Invasion of T84 Eukaryotic Cells by Campylobacter jejuni Occurs Preferentially at the Basolateral Cell Surface (2002)

Previous studies have indicated that the ability to bind to fibronectin is a key feature in successful cell invasion by Campylobacter jejuni. Given the spatial distribution of fibronectin and the architecture of the epithelium, this suggests the possibility that C. jejuni cell invasion might preferentially occur at the basolateral cell surface. To test this hypothesis, we examined the interaction of C. jejuni with T84 human colonic cells. When grown under the appropriate conditions, T84 cells form a polarized cell monolayer. C. jejuni translocation of a T84 cell monolayer appeared to occur via a paracellular (extracellular) route as opposed to a transcellular (intracellular) route based on the finding that a C. jejuni noninvasive mutant translocated as efficiently as its isogenic parent. Additional studies revealed that two distinct C. jejuni wild-type isolates could compete with one another for host cell receptors, whereas a C. jejuni fibronectin-binding-deficient mutant could not compete with a wild-type isolate for host cell receptors. Further, C. jejuni adherence and internalization were significantly inhibited by antifibronectin antibodies but only when cells were first treated with EGTA to expose basolateral cell surfaces. Together, these results support the theory that C. jejuni invasion occurs preferentially at the basolateral surface of eukaryotic cells.
Cationic Terminal Aminoborylene Complexes: Controlled Stepwise Insertion into MB and BN Double Bonds (2007)

One thing leads to another: Reactions of the cationic BN vinylidene analogues 1-[BArF4] (R=Cy, iPr; ArF=3,5-(CF3)2C6H3) towards dicyclohexylcarbodiimide proceed by unprecedented insertion chemistry for terminal borylene complexes. Controlled, stepwise insertion into the FeB and BN bonds is demonstrated, sequentially forming four-membered rings linked at a spirocyclic boronium center.
Abstract interface specification languages for device-independent interface design: classification, analysis and challenges (2006)

As computing devices become small and heterogeneous, it is inefficient and laborious to design a different version of application interface for each device. There is a need for application interfaces to be able to adapt to different devices. This paper studies abstract interface specification languages as the approach to address device-independent application interface design. It classifies them into three groups, discusses their features and analyzes their similarities and differences. It has identified abstraction level and mapping mechanism as two key issues that need to be well considered to improve the scalability and robustness of such languages
URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID TREATMENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVEMENT OF LIVER STIFFNESS IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS RELATED LIVER DISEASE (2016)

The 30th Annual North American Cystic Fibrosis Conference, Orange County Convention Center, Orlando, Florida, October 27–29
A 78-Year-Old Female with a Diffuse Pruritic Rash and Palmoplantar Desquamation (2020)

Mycosis fungoides, the most common cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, is known to exhibit varied clinical presentations and mimic many other dermatoses. This morphological heterogeneity can often lead to initial misdiagnoses resulting in significant delays from symptom onset to diagnosis. We report a case of mycosis fungoides imitating clinical and histopathological features of erythema annulare centrifugum.
Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Processes in Molecules and Solids (1991)

In this paper, an overview of the origin of second-order nonlinear optical processes in molecular and thin film materials is presented. The tutorial begins with a discussion of the basic physical description of second-order nonlinear optical processes. Simple models are used to describe molecular responses and propagation characteristics of polarization and field components. A brief discussion of quantum mechanical approaches is followed by a discussion of the 2-level model and some structure property relationships are illustrated. The relationships between microscopic and macroscopic nonlinearities in crystals, polymers, and molecular assemblies are discussed. Finally, several of the more common experimental methods for determining nonlinear optical coefficients are reviewed.
Selective solubilization of the stratum corneum components using surfactants (2007)

The selective solubilization of pig stratum corneum (SC) by the nonionic surfactant octyl glucoside (OG) was investigated. The solubilized components (lipids and proteins) were free of surfactant by dialysis. The lipid composition was obtained by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) coupled to an automated flame ionization detection (FID) system and the proteinic analysis was carried out using an amino acid autoanalyzer. The TEM technique was used to visualize the type of structures formed. The use of OG concentrations lower than its critical micelle concentration (CMC) led to a progressive solubilization of SC membranes, whereas when using OG concentrations slightly higher than the CMC a clear increase in its solubilizing power was obtained. In these conditions, some amino acids building the SC keratinocyte envelopes and bound to the lipids (predominantly ceramides) by covalent bounds were extracted. TEM revealed during and after surfactant incubation the formation of open multilayered structures and concentric conformations which may be correlated with the previous steps of mixed micelle formation between SC components and OG. The OG may be considered as a more suitable solubilizing agent with respect to the conventional solvents in order to obtain more specific and selective solubilization of SC components without denaturing effect on protein structures.
Dynorphin is contained within hippocampal mossy fibers: immunochemical alterations after kainic acid administration and colchicine-induced neurotoxicity. (1983)

Antisera raised against synthetic dynorphin or [Leu5]enkephalin demonstrate immunostaining in hippocampal mossy fibers and in dentate granule cells. However, dynorphin immunoreactivity (ir) appears to be denser in immunocytochemical preparations and is quantitatively greater by radioimmunoassay than enkephalin-ir. Immunostaining with dynorphin antisera is eliminated by adsorption with 1-100 microM dynorphin-17 whereas immunostaining with enkephalin antisera is eliminated by adsorption with 1-100 microM [Leu5]enkephalin, dynorphin-17, dynorphin-(1-13), or alpha-neo-endorphin. Intrahippocampal colchicine injections, which selectively destroy dentate granule cells, significantly decrease the dynorphin-ir and enkephalin-ir levels in rat hippocampus. Intraventricularly administered kainic acid, which selectively destroys CA3-4 pyramidal cells, results in an increase of enkephalin immunostaining in mossy fibers and a significant increase in enkephalin-ir by radioimmunoassay in whole hippocampus. The enkephalin-ir cells and fibers in entorhinal/perirhinal cortex, which innervate rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus, do not contain dynorphin-ir.
Radiologically Isolated Syndrome: 5-Year Risk for an Initial Clinical Event (2014)

These data provide supportive evidence that a meaningful number of RIS subjects evolve to a first clinical symptom. An age <37 y, male sex, and spinal cord involvement appear to be the most important independent predictors of symptom onset.
Activation of adenosine A1receptor–induced neural stem cell proliferation via MEK/ERK and Akt signaling pathways (2008)

Adenosine, a modulator of neuronal function in the mammalian central nervous system, exerts a neuroprotective effect via the adenosine A(1) receptor; however, its effect on neural stem cells (NSCs) remains unclear. Because adenosine is released in response to pathological conditions and NSCs play a key role in neuroregeneration, we tested the hypothesis that adenosine is capable of stimulating NSC proliferation. We demonstrated that NSCs dominantly express adenosine A(1) and A(2B) receptors. Adenosine and the adenosine A(1) receptor agonist cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) increased proliferation of NSCs, and this CPA-induced cell proliferation was attenuated by the A(1) antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPA). CPA also induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK), and Akt, and their phosphorylation was inhibited by DPCPA. In addition, CPA-induced cell proliferation was inhibited by MEK and Akt inhibitors. These results suggest that activation of adenosine A(1) receptor-stimulated proliferation of NSCs occurs via MEK/ERK and Akt signaling pathways.
A low-cost test bed for light field capture experiments (2007)

Current light-field capture devices are complex, usually require modifying the internals of a conventional camera, and discourage new experimentation in a topic area full of new research questions. We adapt a novel 'home-made' camera devised by Wang and Heidrich [2004] for use in a variety of light-field experiments. Unlike commercially available cameras, the camera provides a large effective sensor size, large distance between the lens and the sensor, much larger effective pixel size, extremely high resolution (490 million pixels), low cost (around $500US), and a nominal capture speed of a few seconds. This easily-modified design encourages novices to experiment with light fields. We demonstrate how to implement the microlens based light-field camera of Ng et al. [2005], and the mask based light field camera of Veeraraghavan et al. [2007].
EVB360: Efficient 360-Degree Video Broadcast in Next-Generation Cellular Networks (2022)

We propose EVB360, an efficient 360° video broadcast scheme for next-generation NR-MBMS (5G New Radio MBMS) cellular networks. EVB360 employs a dynamic broadcast area definition, adaptive 360-degree video encoding, and tiled transmission using optimized transmission parameters. We define broadcast areas by using K-means clustering and then proportionally assign resources to broadcast adaptively the encoded tiles. EVB360 ensures high level of immersive video broadcast streaming quality to a higher number of served users. Adaptive encoding of 360° video tiles and radio resource (modulation-coding, subframe) allocation is governed by user viewing angle, content request, position, and received signal strength. Our experiments show that our solution enables considerable gains in viewport PSNR (57.44%) and number of served users (72.19%), over a recent state-of-the-art method VRCAST.
The influence of physiotherapy intervention on patients with multiple sclerosis–related spasticity treated with nabiximols (THC:CBD oromucosal spray) (2019)

Our real-life study confirms nabiximols' effectiveness in MS-related spasticity and suggests that the association of a PT program may improve overall response and persistence to nabiximols treatment.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of Activation-Induced Deaminase Decrease Class Switch Recombination in B Cells (2021)

Activation-induced deaminase (AID) not only mutates DNA within the immunoglobulin loci to generate antibody diversity, but it also promotes development of B cell lymphomas. To tame this mutagen, we performed a quantitative high-throughput screen of over 90 000 compounds to see if AID activity could be mitigated. The enzymatic activity was assessed in biochemical assays to detect cytosine deamination and in cellular assays to measure class switch recombination. Three compounds showed promise via inhibition of switching in a transformed B cell line and in murine splenic B cells. These compounds have similar chemical structures, which suggests a shared mechanism of action. Importantly, the inhibitors blocked AID, but not a related cytosine DNA deaminase, APOBEC3B. We further determined that AID was continually expressed for several days after B cell activation to induce switching. This first report of small molecules that inhibit AID can be used to gain regulatory control over base editors.
Antibody-Dependent Cellular Inhibition Assay (2003)

The antibody-dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI) assay is designed to assess the capability of antibodies to inhibit the in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum in the presence of monocytes. Our studies have shown that antibodies that proved protective against P. falciparum blood stages by passive transfer in humans are unable to inhibit the parasite in vitro unless they are able to cooperate with blood monocytes (1,2). It was also shown that antibodies that were not protective in vivo had no effect on P. falciparum growth in the ADCI assay (3,4). The ADCI is therefore an in vitro assay the results of which reflect the protective effect of antimalarial antibodies observed under in vivo conditions in humans.