gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) inhibits myogenic differentiation of C2C12 and human muscle cells (2019)

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia (osteosarcopenia (OS)) are twin-aging diseases. The biochemical crosstalk between muscle and bone seems to play a role in OS. We have previously shown that osteocytes produce soluble factors with beneficial effects on muscle and <i>vice versa</i>. Recently, enhanced FGF9 production was observed in the OmGFP66 osteogenic cell line. To test its role in myogenic differentiation, C2C12 myoblasts were treated with recombinant FGF9. FGF9 as low as 10 ng/mL inhibited myogenic differentiation, suggesting that FGF9 might be a potential inhibitory factor produced from bone cells with effects on muscle cells. FGF9 (10-50 ng/mL) significantly decreased mRNA expression of <i>MyoG</i> and <i>Mhc</i> while increasing the expression of <i>Myostatin</i>. Consistent with the phenotype, RT-qPCR array revealed that FGF9 (10 ng/mL) increased the expression of <i>Icam1</i> while decreased the expression of <i>Wnt1</i> and <i>Wnt6</i> decreased, respectively. FGF9 decreased caffeine-induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of C2C12 myotubes and reduced the expression of genes (i.e. <i>Cacna1s, RyR2, Naftc3</i>) directly associated with intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis. Myogenic differentiation in human skeletal muscle cells was similarly inhibited by FGF9 but required higher doses of 200 ng/mL FGF9. FGF9 was also shown to stimulate C2C12 myoblast proliferation. FGF2 and the FGF9 subfamily members FGF16 and FGF20 also inhibited C2C12 myoblast differentiation and enhanced proliferation. Intriguingly, the differentiation inhibition was independent of proliferation enhancement. These findings suggest that FGF9 may modulate myogenesis via a complex signaling mechanism.
Ectopic Expression of the Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain of SPINDLY Causes Defects in Gibberellin Response (2001)

The SPINDLY (SPY) protein of Arabidopsis is a negative regulator of gibberellin (GA) response. The SPY protein has 10 copies of the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) at the N terminus. TPR motifs function as protein-protein interaction domains. Several spy alleles are affected only in the TPR region suggesting that protein-protein interactions mediated by this domain are important for proper GA signaling. We have used a reverse genetics approach to further investigate the role of the TPR domain. The TPR domain of SPY was overexpressed in wild-type, gai, and spy plants. Expression of the TPR domain alone is not sufficient to rescue spy mutants. Expression of the TPR domain in a wild-type background produces phenotypes similar to those caused by loss-of-function spy mutants including resistance to GA biosynthesis inhibitors, short hypocotyl length, and early flowering. The dwarfing of the floral shoot internodes caused by the gai mutation was suppressed by expression of the TRP domain. Expression of the TPR domain had no effect on the abundance of endogenous SPY mRNA. The TPR domain was found to interact with SPY both in vitro and in yeast two-hybrid assays. These data indicate that the TPR domain of SPY can participate in protein-protein interactions and that these interactions are important for the proper functioning of SPY.
Large-scale changes of molecular network states explain complex traits (2022)

Abstract The complexity of many cellular and organismal traits results from poorly understood mechanisms integrating genetic and environmental factors via molecular networks. Here, we show when and how genetic perturbations lead to molecular changes that are confined to small parts of a network versus when they lead to large-scale adaptations of global network states. Integrating multi-omics profiling of genetically heterogeneous budding and fission yeast strains with an array of cellular traits identified a central state transition of the yeast molecular network that is related to PKA and TOR (PT) signaling. Genetic variants affecting this PT state globally shifted the molecular network along a single-dimensional axis, thereby modulating processes including energy- and amino acid metabolism, transcription, translation, cell cycle control and cellular stress response. We propose that genetic effects can propagate through large parts of molecular networks because of the functional requirement to centrally coordinate the activity of fundamental cellular processes. Graphical abstract Graphical abstract: Genetic variants directly or indirectly affecting the activity of PKA and/or TOR signaling cause global changes of transcriptomic and proteomic network states by modulating the activity of diverse cellular functions and network modules. Using marker genes acting downstream of PKA and TOR signaling we are able to quantify the activity status of combined PKA and TOR signaling (‘PT Score’). This PT Score correlates with major transcriptomic and proteomic changes in response to genetic variability. Those large-scale molecular adaptations correlate with and explain phenotypic consequences for multiple cellular traits. Variants affecting the stoichiometry of proteins within a specific module have regional effects that remain confined to smaller parts of the molecular network. Variants affecting only one or very few proteins change molecular networks only locally. The global reorganization of network states caused by variants of the first type result in consequences for many cellular traits (i.e. pleiotropic effects), such as growth on different carbon sources, stress response, energy metabolism and replicative lifespan. (Created with BioRender.com )
A new operation mode "Surfing mode" in high-low-type GaAs IMPATTs (1976)

A new operation mode "Surfing mode" is proposed and verified experimentally in high-low-type GaAs IMPATTs. This mode is characterized by the concept that the avalanche charge pulse drifts synchronously with the movement of the front edge of the depletion layer at the higher velocity than the scattering-limited velocity. High- -low-type GaAs IMPATTs designed so as to operate effectively in the "Surfing mode" exhibited output powers 15 watts (ΔTj=210°C) at 6. 1 GHz 25 percent efficiencies.
Electrochemical promotion of IrO2 catalyst for the gas-phase combustion of ethylene (modeling galvanostatic transients) (2001)

A model for the electrochem. promotion induced by electrochem. generated promoting species is proposed. The formation rate of promoters is assumed to be proportional to the availability of free surface sites at the solid electrolyte/catalyst/gas three-phase boundary, and their spreading out over the gas exposed catalyst surface to be rapid compared to the rate of their consumption. The model predicts exponential catalytic rate transients with current dependent polarization and current independent relaxation behavior. It enables detn. of the max. limiting value of the Faradaic efficiency, being a current independent property of the catalytic system. The validity of the model was confirmed by anodic galvanostatic promotion expts. of ethylene combustion over IrO2/YSZ catalyst at highly oxidative feed conditions. [on SciFinder (R)]
Whole Genome Mapping and Re-Organization of the Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes of Babesia microti Isolates (2013)

Babesia microti is the primary causative agent of human babesiosis, an emerging pathogen that causes a malaria-like illness with possible fatal outcome in immunocompromised patients. The genome sequence of the B. microti R1 strain was reported in 2012 and revealed a distinct evolutionary path for this pathogen relative to that of other apicomplexa. Lacking from the first genome assembly and initial molecular analyses was information about the terminal ends of each chromosome, and both the exact number of chromosomes in the nuclear genome and the organization of the mitochondrial genome remained ambiguous. We have now performed various molecular analyses to characterize the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of the B. microti R1 and Gray strains and generated high-resolution Whole Genome maps. These analyses show that the genome of B. microti consists of four nuclear chromosomes and a linear mitochondrial genome present in four different structural types. Furthermore, Whole Genome mapping allowed resolution of the chromosomal ends, identification of areas of misassembly in the R1 genome, and genomic differences between the R1 and Gray strains, which occur primarily in the telomeric regions. These studies set the stage for a better understanding of the evolution and diversity of this important human pathogen.
Particle size control of alumina nanopowders in microwave plasma-chemical process (2011)

The effect of operating parameters of the oxidation of aluminum powder in a stream of air microwave plasma on the particle size of the obtained Al2O3 has been studied. The possibility of improving the particle size of the powder by pretreatment the starting aluminum with chemicals activating particle combustion in a reactor has been investigated. Ways of controlling the particle size of produced aluminum oxide nanopowders in the range of 20–80 nm have been found.
Health System Reform: Still Twitching (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Schiff and colleagues<sup>1</sup>is a utopian paean intended to convince us that a system of health care financing that has failed or is failing everywhere it has been tried can succeed in the United States, perhaps because we are better people than those who have tried it before. The authors suggest that Canada shows us the proper path, even though Canada suffers from medical cost inflation, shortage, long queuing, and rationing. This hardly seems a prescription for improving a system where no one is denied essential care and almost all services are available immediately, year-round. Schiff et al state, "Patient voices must be amplified so that their needs can be better addressed." Under the current nonsystem, each patient is a single voice among thousands covered by a single insurer, with only a small chance of being heard when complaining. It is ludicrous
[A new liver support system composed of functional human cells and a radial-flow bioreactor]. (1994)

An artificial liver will be useful for the treatment of acute hepatic failure and a bridge of liver transplantation. The current reports suggest that the hybrid type of artificial liver composed of functional human liver cells and a bioreactor is practical for clinical use. In the present study, we succeeded high density culture on a large-scale of human functional hepatoma (JHH-7) using a newly developed radial flow packed-bed bioreactor. Since the shear stress of this bioreactor is lower than the other type, high density culture without cell damage is possible. JHH-7 cells produced large amounts of human albumin and other liver specific proteins, and then have the function of ammonia metabolism in the system. This study suggests that a radial flow bioreactor will be developed as a new type of artificial liver.
Simultaneous demonstration of mast cells and plasma cells. (1966)

In order to obtain a compound stain to differentiate between mast and plasma cells, it was necessary to find dyes which provided a distinct colour contrast between the two types of cell.
Energy, catalyst and reactor considerations for (near)-industrial plasma processing and learning for nitrogen-fixation reactions (2013)

The MAPSYN project of the European Union (standing for Microwave, Acoustic and Plasma SYNtheses) aims at the utilization of plasma technology for nitrogen fixation reactions on an industrial scale and with industrial plasma reactor technology, developed and utilised commercially [1]. Key motif is enhanced energy efficiency to make an industrial plasma process viable for chemical industry. The corresponding enabling technologies – plasma catalysis, smart reactors (microreactors) and more – go beyond prior approaches. Continuing a first more project-based literature compilation, this overview focus on the two first enabling functions, plasma catalysis and smart reactor technology, which are reviewed for industrial and near-industrial plasma-based applications. It is thereby evident that notable promise is given for the nitrogen fixation as well and indeed this has been demonstrated also for nitrogen fixation; yet, initially and without the holistic system engineering dimension.
Coronary, aortic and carotid artery inflammation by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in acute and chronic coronary artery disease (2021)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) can detect arterial inflammation in individuals with atherosclerosis, but the associations among different vascular territories for 18F-FDG uptake are not known. Purpose We explored any possible correlation between arterial inflammation quantified by 18F-FDG PET in the aorta, carotid arteries, and coronary arteries in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), or chronic coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Prospectively, we performed hybrid computed tomography angiography and 18F-FDG PET in 43 patients (26 ACS and 17 chronic CAD) at 6.6 ± 5.7 days following invasive coronary angiography. 18F-FDG PET was performed 90 minutes after injection of 302.2 ± 28.4 MBq 18F-FDG. Arterial 18F-FDG uptake was measured in the thoracic aorta, carotid arteries, and coronary arteries, and expressed as the target-to-background ratio (TBR; the ratio between arterial maximal standardized uptake value normalized to blood pool mean standardized uptake value) in the whole artery, and in the most diseased segment (MDS). Results Mean age was 64.9 ± 9.1 years, 90.7% males. The whole artery 18F-FDG uptake was higher in the aorta than in the carotid arteries (median TBR 2.23, interquartile range [0.36] vs. 1.88 [0.42], p &amp;lt; 0.001); whereas uptake in the coronary arteries was lower than in the aorta or carotid arteries (1.13 [0.23], p &amp;lt; 0.001 both). Similarly, 18F-FDG uptake in the aortic MDS was higher than in the carotid MDS (2.75 [0.62] vs. 2.25 [0.63], p &amp;lt; 0.001); whereas 18F-FDG uptake in the coronary MDS was the lowest (1.40 [0.33], p &amp;lt; 0.001 both). These findings were consistent in both ACS and chronic CAD patients. The whole artery 18F-FDG uptake of the aorta and carotid arteries correlated in patients with ACS (r = 0.58, p = 0.002), but not in patients with chronic CAD (r = 0.21, p = 0.3). There was no correlation between the whole artery 18F-FDG uptake in the coronary arteries and either the aorta or carotid arteries in the whole cohort (r=-0.16, p = 0.2, r = 0.01, p = 0.9, respectively), in patients with ACS (r = 0.06, p = 0.7, r=-0.01, p = 0.9, respectively), or in those with chronic CAD (r=-0.4, p = 0.1, r=-0.09, p = 0.7, respectively). Conclusions In patients with ACS or chronic CAD, large arteries had higher 18F-FDG uptake than the coronary arteries. The intensity of 18F-FDG uptake in the coronary arteries did not correlate with that in the carotid arteries or the aorta, indicating that disease activity differs between large arteries and coronary arteries.
Motion and Tether Force Prediction for a TLP (1984)

This paper deals with a comparison between computed and measured motions and thether forces for a deep‐water tension leg platform. The computations are compared with model experiments which have been conducted in both regular and irregular waves in the Seakeeping Laboratory of the Netherlands Ship Model Basin. Attention is paid to prediction of second harmonic components of tether forces in regular waves and to the computation, in the time domain, of combined wave frequency and low frequency motions and tether forces in irregular seas. The time domain computations have been performed using, as input, the wave record measured in the basin. The comparison of computations and model tests results allows identification of the major cause of high frequency tether force fluctuations and demonstrates the applicability of the convolution integral method in time domain analysis of low frequency tension leg platform motions.
Prise en compte des pertes dans un modèle MTL de câbles de transmission d’énergie (2017)

Le travail présenté concerne la modélisation des câbles de transmission d’énergie par le modèle MTL en vue du dimensionnement. Un modèle simplifié des pertes a été développé.
Erlotinib plus gemcitabine compared to gemcitabine alone in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. A phase III trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group [NCIC-CTG] (2005)

1 Background: Pancreatic cancer is known to frequently over express epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]. Erlotinib [Tarceva, OSI-774] is an oral reversible inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase. Methods: Patients had advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma and no prior systemic chemotherapy other than that given concurrently with radiation therapy. EGFR status was not an entry criterion. Patients were randomized to receive gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 IV weekly X 7 for 8 weeks then weekly x 3 out of 4 weeks plus either erlotinib 100 mg p.o. daily or a placebo in a double blind fashion. Patients were stratified by centre, stage [locally advanced versus metastatic] and performance status [ECOG 0,1 versus 2]. Disease was evaluated by cross sectional imaging every 8 weeks. Dose escalation to 150 mg of erlotinib/placebo was performed in Canadian centres from September 2002- January 2003 (n=48). Results: From November 2001 - January 2003 569 patients were entered on study; 485 had died at the time of analysis. There was a difference in overall survival [p=0.025;log-rank test] that favored the erlotinib arm with a hazard ratio of 0.81 [95% CI 0.67 - 0.97]. The corresponding one-year survival rates were 24% versus 17%. PFS was also significantly improved in the gemcitabine + erlotinib treatment group with a hazard ratio of 0.76, p=0.003. The tumor control rates [CR/PR/SD] were 57% [CR/PR=9%] and 49% [CR/PR=8%] for the erlotinib and placebo groups respectively. An increase in grade 1,2 rash, diarrhea and hematological toxicity was seen with erlotinib. Rates of grade 3, 4 toxicity were comparable in both arms. Tumour retrieval for correlative studies is ongoing- an initial 170 samples have been analyzed for EGFR by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions: The addition of erlotinib to gemcitabine significantly improves survival and progression free survival in advanced pancreatic cancer. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration OSI OSI
Electron cyclotron resonance heating and confinement in the W VII-A stellarator (1984)

Plasma generation and heating of OH-current free plasmas by strong ECR-wave irradiation were studied on the Garching W VII-A stellarator for three kinds of wave launching: direct irradiation of the gyrotron modes (mainly TE02 mode corresponding to a 50% O-mode and 50% X-mode mixture) from the low field side, and advanced wave launching (linearly polarized TE11 and HE11 mode) in O-mode orientation (E//Bo, Bo, k perpendicular to Bo). The nonabsorbed fraction was reflected into the plasma in the X-mode (E perpendicular to Bo) by a focusing polarization twist reflector mounted to the inner torus wall. The experiments were performed at 28 GHz (1 Tesla resonance B-field) with 200 kW RF power and a pulse duration of <or approximately=40 ms. In all modes of operation clean stellarator plasmas could be generated from a neutral gas background (d2, H2) and could be heated to reasonable parameters. In the first case electron temperatures around 700 eV were achieved, whereas the central temperature could nearly be doubled (Te approximately 1200 eV) with the small aperture polarized waves. However, in both cases the heating efficiency was almost the same (<or approximately= 40% and 50%, respectively). The reflected X-mode fraction does not contribute to bulk plasma heating via Bernstein wave conversion and absorption as expected. The reason seems to be local absorption of the arising Bernstein waves due to a macroscopically turbulent structure around the conversion zone (upper hybrid layer). Correlated with X-mode irradiation direct ion heating was observed (500 eV ion tail), possibly due to wave decay into lower hybrid waves. Studies of the transport and confinement properties of the l=2 stellarator in the plateau and LMFP regime were performed by variation of the characteristic parameters (rotational transform t, plasma density, RF power, power deposition profile, etc.).
Bright three-band white light generated from CdSe/ZnSe quantum dot-assisted Sr3SiO5:Ce3+,Li+-based white light-emitting diode with high color rendering index (2009)

In this study, bright three-band white light was generated from the CdSe/ZnSe quantum dot (QD)-assisted Sr3SiO5:Ce3+,Li+-based white light-emitting diode (WLED). The CdSe/ZnSe core/shell structure was confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The CdSe/ZnSe QDs showed high quantum efficiency (79%) and contributed to the high luminous efficiency (ηL) of the fabricated WLED. The WLED showed bright natural white with excellent color rendering property (ηL=26.8 lm/W, color temperature=6140 K, and color rendering index=85) and high stability against the increase in forward bias currents from 20 to 70 mA.
Cupric Superoxo-Mediated Intermolecular C−H Activation Chemistry (2011)

The new cupric superoxo complex [LCu(II)(O(2)(•-))](+), which possesses particularly strong O-O and Cu-O bonding, is capable of intermolecular C-H activation of the NADH analogue 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH). Kinetic studies indicated a first-order dependence on both the Cu complex and BNAH with a deuterium kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 12.1, similar to that observed for certain copper monooxygenases.
3D Hand Shape and Pose From Images in the Wild (2019)

We present in this work the first end-to-end deep learning based method that predicts both 3D hand shape and pose from RGB images in the wild. Our network consists of the concatenation of a deep convolutional encoder, and a fixed model-based decoder. Given an input image, and optionally 2D joint detections obtained from an independent CNN, the encoder predicts a set of hand and view parameters. The decoder has two components: A pre-computed articulated mesh deformation hand model that generates a 3D mesh from the hand parameters, and a re-projection module controlled by the view parameters that projects the generated hand into the image domain. We show that using the shape and pose prior knowledge encoded in the hand model within a deep learning framework yields state-of-the-art performance in 3D pose prediction from images on standard benchmarks, and produces geometrically valid and plausible 3D reconstructions. Additionally, we show that training with weak supervision in the form of 2D joint annotations on datasets of images in the wild, in conjunction with full supervision in the form of 3D joint annotations on limited available datasets allows for good generalization to 3D shape and pose predictions on images in the wild.