gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short-Pulse Laser Capability on the Mercury Laser System (2006)

Applications using high energy ''petawatt-class'' laser drivers operating at repetition rates beyond 0.01 Hz are only now being envisioned. The Mercury laser system is designed to operate at 100 J/pulse at 10 Hz. We investigate the potential of configuring the Mercury laser to produce a rep-rated, ''petawatt-class'' source. The Mercury laser is a prototype of a high energy, high repetition rate source (100 J, 10 Hz). The design of the Mercury laser is based on the ability to scale in energy through scaling in aperture. Mercury is one of several 100 J, high repetition rate (10 Hz) lasers sources currently under development (HALNA, LUCIA, POLARIS). We examine the possibility of using Mercury as a pump source for a high irradiance ''petawatt-class'' source: either as a pump laser for an average power Ti:Sapphire laser, or as a pump laser for OPCPA based on YCa{sub 4}O(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} (YCOB), ideally producing a source approaching 30 J /30 fs /10 Hz--a high repetition rate petawatt. A comparison of the two systems with nominal configurations and efficiencies is shown in Table 1.
The multimedia blockchain: A distributed and tamper-proof media transaction framework (2017)

A distributed and tamper proof media transaction framework is proposed based on the blockchain model. Current multimedia distribution does not preserve self-retrievable information of transaction trails or content modification histories. For example, digital copies of valuable artworks, creative media and entertainment contents are distributed for various purposes including exhibitions, gallery collections or in media production workflow. Original media is often edited for creative content preparation or tampered with to fabricate false propaganda over social media. However there is no existing trusted mechanism that can easily retrieve either the transaction trails or the modification histories. We propose a novel watermarking based Multimedia Blockchain framework that can address such issues. The unique watermark information contains two pieces of information: a) a cryptographic hash that contains transaction histories (blockchain transactions log) and b) an image hash that preserves retrievable original media content. Once the watermark is extracted, first part of the watermark is passed to a distributed ledger to retrieve the historical transaction trail and the latter part is used to identify the edited / tampered regions. The paper outlines the requirements, the challenges and demonstrates the proof of this concept.
Smad3 deficiency alters key structural elements of the extracellular matrix and mechanotransduction of wound closure (2006)

The loss of TGFbeta or its downstream mediator, Smad3, key players in tissue repair, accelerates closure of incisional wounds in mice. In contrast, we now report that excisional ear wounds in mice lacking Smad3 enlarge compared with wild-type controls resulting from changes in extracellular matrix molecules, which alter the mechanotransduction properties of these wounds. Specifically, levels of elastin and glycosoaminoglycans are increased, collagen fibers are more compactly organized, and matrix modulators like integrins, TGFbeta1, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are altered both basally and after wounding in Smad3 knockout mice. Mechanical testing of dorsal skin correlates these changes in matrix composition with functional parameters, specifically an increased elastic modulus, suggesting an imbalance of tissue forces. We propose that the altered mechanical elastic properties translate into a persistent retractile force that is opposed by decreased wound contractile forces contributing to the enlarging ear wound in Smad3 knockout mice. These studies highlight a previously undescribed role for Smad3 in the mechanotransduction of matrix unsupported ear wound closure.
Identification of a novel mammary cell line-specific enhancer element in the long terminal repeat of mouse mammary tumor virus, which interacts with its hormone-responsive element (1991)

We analyzed the long terminal repeat (LTR) of mouse mammary tumor virus for sequences that influence its promoter activity by using the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay. A series of LTR deletion mutants and recombinants between LTR and simian virus 40 regulatory sequences were used for these studies. Through transfection experiments in three different human cell lines (T47D, MCF-7, and HeLa), we identified a novel mammary cell line-specific enhancer element on a 98-bp BanII fragment (from position -1075 to -978 upstream of the start site of transcription) which interacts with the hormone-responsive element of LTR. We also identified nuclear factors that specifically interacted with this BanII fragment in the nuclear extract from the mammary tumor cell line, T47D, but not from the HeLa cell line.
Evaluation of Calcium Propionate and Propylene Glycol Administered into the Esophagus of Dairy Cattle at Calving (2001)

A field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of oral drenching with additional energy or energy plus calcium on blood parameters and performance of fresh cows. Treatments were 9.5 L water (control), 9.5 L water plus 300 mL (310 g) propylene glycol (PG), or 9.5 L water plus 0.68 kg calcium propionate (CP). Cows received the assigned drench within 4 h of calving and again 24 h post-calving. Animals were bled prior to each drench and on d 4 and 10 of lactation. Animals were fed and managed by parity (primiparous vs multiparous) in a commercial setting. Health events were recorded during calving and for the first 15 d in milk (DIM). Milk records were evaluated from monthly test weights the first 4 mo in lactation. The addition of PG or CP did not affect either plasma calcium or glucose (P>0.05). Plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels were lower in animals receiving the PG drench as compared with animals receiving either the control or CP treatment (P<0.05). Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate was lowest at calving but was not affected by treatment. Health disorders (retained placenta, ketosis, hypocalcemia, displaced abomasum, metritis) were low across all treatment groups. Cattle receiving either PG or CP at calving had a significantly lower incidence of metritis compared with control animals (P<0.05). Averaged across all trial periods, animals receiving PG had 3.1 kg/d greater milk production than those receiving the control drench (P<0.05).
The spore load of Pithomyces chartarum (Berk. & Curt.) M. B. Ellis on green leaves of herbage in facial eczema studies (1962)

Abstract Some of the deficiencies of spore trap and wash counts in the estimation of the spore load of Pithomyces chartarum (Berk. &amp; Curt.) M. B. Ellis on herbage likely to be ingested by the grazing animal are considered. A technique for the sampling and microscopical counting of spores of the fungus on green leaves of white clover ( Trifolium repens ) and perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) is described. It can be used during wet weather when spore trapping is ineffective. It requires further development before it can be fully applied to field studies. In the examples cited, spore counts on white clover and rye grass showed similar trends within each of 3 paddocks; no regular relation appeared to exist between green leaf spore count and spore trap count during the sampling period.
CX3CR1 + mononuclear phagocytes control immunity to intestinal fungi (2018)

Intestinal fungi are an important component of the microbiota, and recent studies have unveiled their potential in modulating host immune homeostasis and inflammatory disease. Nonetheless, the mechanisms governing immunity to gut fungal communities (mycobiota) remain unknown. We identified CX3CR1<sup>+</sup> mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) as being essential for the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses to intestinal fungi. CX3CR1<sup>+</sup> MNPs express antifungal receptors and activate antifungal responses in a Syk-dependent manner. Genetic ablation of CX3CR1<sup>+</sup> MNPs in mice led to changes in gut fungal communities and to severe colitis that was rescued by antifungal treatment. In Crohn's disease patients, a missense mutation in the gene encoding CX3CR1 was identified and found to be associated with impaired antifungal responses. These results unravel a role of CX3CR1<sup>+</sup> MNPs in mediating interactions between intestinal mycobiota and host immunity at steady state and during inflammatory disease.
Accumulation of Cyclin E Is Not a Prerequisite for Passage through the Restriction Point (2001)

The restriction point (R) is defined as the point in G(1) after which cells can complete a division cycle without growth factors and divides G(1) into two physiologically different intervals in cycling cells, G(1)-pm (a postmitotic interval with a constant length of 3 to 4 h) and G(1)-ps (a pre-DNA-synthetic interval with a variable length of 1 to 10 h). Cyclin E is a G(1) regulatory protein whose accumulation has been suggested to be critical for passage through R. We have studied cyclin E protein levels in individual cells of asynchronously growing cell populations, with respect to both passage through R and entry into S phase. We found that the postmitotic G(1) cells that had not yet reached R were negative for cyclin E accumulation. On the other hand, cells that had passed R were found to accumulate cyclin E at variable times (1 to 8 h) after passage through R and 2 to 5 h before entry into S. These kinetic data rule out the hypothesis that passage through R is dependent on the accumulation of cyclin E but suggest, instead, the converse, that passage through R is a prerequisite for cyclin E accumulation. Furthermore, we found that most of the cyclin E protein is downregulated within 1 to 2 h after entry into S.
Data from Essential Requirement for PP2A Inhibition by the Oncogenic Receptor c-KIT Suggests PP2A Reactivation as a Strategy to Treat c-KIT<sup>+</sup> Cancers (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Oncogenic mutations of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-KIT play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, systemic mastocytosis, and some acute myeloid leukemias (AML). Although juxtamembrane mutations commonly detected in gastrointestinal stromal tumor are sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the kinase domain mutations frequently encountered in systemic mastocytosis and AML confer resistance and are largely unresponsive to targeted inhibition by the existing agent imatinib. In this study, we show that myeloid cells expressing activated c-KIT mutants that are imatinib sensitive (V560G) or imatinib resistant (D816V) can inhibit the tumor suppressor activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). This effect was associated with the reduced expression of PP2A structural (A) and regulatory subunits (B55α, B56α, B56γ, and B56δ). Overexpression of PP2A-Aα in D816V c-KIT cells induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation. In addition, pharmacologic activation of PP2A by FTY720 reduced proliferation, inhibited clonogenic potential, and induced apoptosis of mutant c-KIT&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells, while having no effect on wild-type c-KIT cells or empty vector controls. FTY720 treatment caused the dephosphorylation of the D816V c-KIT receptor and its downstream signaling targets pAkt, pSTAT5, and pERK1/2. Additionally, &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; administration of FTY720 delayed the growth of V560G and D816V c-KIT tumors, inhibited splenic and bone marrow infiltration, and prolonged survival. Our findings show that PP2A inhibition is essential for c-KIT–mediated tumorigenesis, and that reactivating PP2A may offer an attractive strategy to treat drug-resistant c-KIT&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cancers. Cancer Res; 70(13); 5438–47. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Self-Organized Cohesion of Organic Molecular Dots on Chemically Patterned Surface (2001)

Self-organized pattern formation of nonpolymeric amorphous molecules on substrates, which have nanometer-scale chemical patterns, is demonstrated. It is observed that droplet-like molecular dots deposited by vacuum evaporation cohere selectively onto hydrophilic regions by annealing processes. This selective cohesion of organic dots is thought to be attributable to Ostwald ripening which drives selective growth of dots on hydrophilic region on which the organic dots have large radius of curvatures at the expense of the small dots on hydrophobic regions.
The amino terminus of PKA catalytic subunit—A site for introduction of posttranslation heterogeneities by deamidation: D‐Asp2 and D‐isoAsp2 containing isozymes (2000)

Conserved deamidation of PKA catalytic subunit isozymes Calpha and Cbeta--more than 25% at Asn2 in vivo in both cases--has been shown to yield Asp2- and isoAsp2-containing isozymes (Jedrzejewski PT, Girod A, Tholey A, König N, Thullner S, Kinzel V, Bossemeyer D, 1998, Protein Sci 7:457-469). Isoaspartate formation in proteins in vivo is indicative of succinimide intermediates involved in both the initial deamidation reaction as well as the "repair" of isoAsp to Asp by the action of protein L-isoaspartyl (D-aspartyl) O-methyl transferase (PIMT). L-Succinimide is prone to racemization to D-succinimide, which may hydrolyze to D-isoAsp- and D-Asp-containing diastereomers with, respectively, no and poor substrate character for PIMT. To analyze native PKA catalytic subunit from cardiac muscle for these isomers the N-terminal tryptic peptides (T1) of the enzyme were analyzed following procedures refined specifically with a set of corresponding synthetic peptides. The methods combined high resolution high-performance liquid chromatography and a new mass spectrometric procedure for the discrimination between Asp- and isoAsp-residues in peptides (Lehmann et al., 2000). The results demonstrate the occurrence of D-isoAsp- and D-Asp-containing T1 fragments in addition to the L-isomers. The small amount of the L-isoAsp isomer, representing only part of the D-isoAsp isomer, and the relatively large amounts of the L-Asp and D-Asp isomers argues for an effective action of PIMT present in cardiac tissue.
Reconfigurable millimeter-wave filters using CPW-based periodic structures with novel multiple-contact MEMS switches (2005)

In this paper, fully monolithic reconfigurable millimeter-wave filters are proposed using the CPW-based periodic structures with novel multiple-contact MEMS switches. Millimeter-wave low-pass and band-pass filters were designed, fabricated, and tested. Three cascaded CPW-based periodic structures, with low-pass and band-pass intrinsic filtering characteristics, are reconfigured into a self-similar single unit cell by the operation of the novel multiple-contact MEMS switches with single actuation. By using the multiple-contact MEMS switches, the insertion loss can be reduced and the operating frequency ranges are extended to millimeter-waves with little increase of loss. Additionally, the number of the switching elements has been reduced and the bias-decoupling circuits are not required, resulting in a very small chip size. The measured results of the reconfigurable low-pass filter show the 3-dB cutoff frequency change from 67 to 28 GHz with very small change in the insertion loss from 0.32 to 0.27 dB. The center frequency of the reconfigurable band-pass filter is tuned from 55 to 20 GHz, and the measured 3-dB cutoff bandwidth changed from 32 to 12 GHz, while the average insertion loss changed from 1.27 to 1.61 dB. The chip size of the low-pass and band-pass filter including dc bias line is 1.2 mm /spl times/ 1.5 mm and 1.2 mm /spl times/ 4.5 mm, respectively.
Constrained variational quantum eigensolver: Quantum computer search\n engine in the Fock space (2018)

Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is an efficient computational method\npromising chemical accuracy in electronic structure calculations on a\nuniversal-gate quantum computer. However, such a simple task as computing the\nelectronic energy of a hydrogen molecular cation, H$_2^+$, is not possible for\na general VQE protocol because the calculation will invariably collapse to a\nlower energy of the corresponding neutral form, H$_2$. The origin of the\nproblem is that VQE effectively performs an unconstrained energy optimization\nin the Fock space of the original electronic problem. We show how this can be\navoided by introducing necessary constraints directing VQE to the electronic\nstate of interest. The proposed constrained VQE can find an electronic state\nwith a certain number of electrons, spin, or any other property. The new\nalgorithm does not require any additional quantum resources. We demonstrate\nperformance of the constrained VQE by simulating various states of H$_2$ and\nH$_2$O on Rigetti Computing Inc's 19Q-Acorn quantum processor.\n
Demonstration of Silicon Nanocrystalline Lasers and Amplifiers (2005)

A Si laser, fabricated using the conventional technologies, would constitute the missing link that has hindered a completely Si-based photonic system. This report summarizes a feasibility study effort to fully characterize a silicon nanocrystal based optical waveguide laser/amplifier.
Significant synovial pathology in a meniscectomy model of osteoarthritis: modification by intra-articular hyaluronan therapy (2008)

Increased fibrosis and vascularity are hallmarks of pathological change in synovium in this meniscectomy model of OA. Both the IA HA and an amide derivative of HA reduced aspects of this pathology thus providing a potential mechanism for improving joint mobility and function in OA.
Lipoprotein abnormalities in South Asians and its association with cardiovascular disease: Current state and future directions (2016)

South Asians have a high prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and suffer from early-onset CHD compared to other ethnic groups. Conventional risk factors may not fully explain this increased CHD risk in this population. Indeed, South Asians have a unique lipid profile which may predispose them to premature CHD. Dyslipidemia in this patient population seems to be an important contributor to the high incidence of coronary atherosclerosis. The dyslipidemia in South Asians is characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, elevated lipoprotein(a) levels, and a higher atherogenic particle burden despite comparable low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with other ethnic subgroups. HDL particles also appear to be smaller, dysfunctional, and proatherogenic in South Asians. Despite the rapid expansion of the current literature with better understanding of the specific lipid abnormalities in this patient population, studies with adequate sample sizes are needed to assess the significance and contribution of a given lipid parameter on overall cardiovascular risk in this population. Specific management goals and treatment thresholds do not exist for South Asians because of paucity of data. Current treatment recommendations are mostly extrapolated from Western guidelines. Lastly, large, prospective studies with outcomes data are needed to assess cardiovascular benefit associated with various lipid-lowering therapies (including combination therapy) in this patient population.
Standardization of the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory: The prototype standardization method and its rationale (2000)

Methods and techniques for the standardization of the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI) are reviewed and discussed. Based on the idea of the UT transformation (Tellegen &amp; Ben‐Porath, 1992), a general method called prototype standardization is applied to the clinical scales as well as the personality scales of the CPAI. The rationale of the prototype standardization method is explained. Some variations of the basic methodology are suggested and applied to the CPAI. It is demonstrated that the prototype standardization of the CPAI yields desirable psychometric properties such as percentile comparability across scales and preservation of the correlation structures of the scales, even for the personality scales of the CPAI that do not have a homogeneous distributional shape. We conclude that prototype standardization is a useful method for standardizing all kinds of personality inventories consisting of a large number of scales.
Macromol. Biosci. 6/2007 (2007)

Cover: Ricinoleic acid is obtained from the bean oil of naturally abundant castor plant. High‐molecular weight polyricinoleate was enzymatically prepared by the polycondensation of methyl ricinoleate using a lipase. It showed a good low temperature flexibility and biodegradability. It is expected to be used as a biodegradable and biobased elastomer. Further details can be found in the article by H. Ebata, K. Toshima, and S. Matsumura * on page 798.
Magnetism in ultracold quantum gases (2004)

Abstract We study the static and dynamic magnetic properties of ultracold quantum gases, in particular the spinor physics of F = 1 and F = 2 Bose-Einstein condensates of 87Rb atoms. Our data lead to the conclusion, that the F = 2 ground state of 87Rb is polar, while we find the F = 1 ground state to be ferromagnetic. The dynamics of spinor systems is linked to an interplay between coherent mean-field interactions, losses and interactions with atoms in the thermal cloud. Within this rich parameter space we observe indications for coherent spinor dynamics and novel thermalization regimes.
Limitations of Grain Boundary Engineering - Ionic Versus Electronic Conductivity (2016)

Much attention has recently been focused on the oxygen reduction via Sr-doped lanthanum manganite grain boundaries (GBs) since oxygen transport, as well as surface exchange is approximately 1000x faster at the GBs than for the LSM bulk. With this in mind, there is a strong incentive to tailor properties of thin films by GB engineering. To date, the effect on the el. conductivity has not been studied for such engineered films. In this study, changing microstructure, as well as strain, were found to heavily influence el. charge transport. More specifically, for example, the el. conductivity decreased while ionic conductivity increased with decreasing grain size. For given current collector distance, one could optimize grain size to achieve optimum mixed conductivity. In addition 18 O tracer exchange experiments were performed on the same thin films in a novel operando experimental design to study the influence of cathodic bias upon surface exchange and transport properties of both LSM grains and GBs. LSM thin films were deposited by PLD and analyzed by ToF-SIMS, Van der Pauw and impedance spectroscopy. SIMS profiles showed a large increase in 18 O concentration in the LSM films with an apparent uphill diffusion. Such experiments were prior performed on microelectrode which require specially designed exchange equipment and a high degree of user expertise. Therefore a novel experimental design was developed which can be performed in conventional set-ups to study the influence of polarization in-operando. This new experimental design facilitates the ability to investigate several voltage changes in every required voltage region under SOFC operation conditions within one and the same thin film sample. The apparent uphill diffusion could be simulated by a 3D finite element model with two parallel and interacting diffusion pathways.
Novel monoclonal antibody recognizing triglyceride-rich oxidized LDLs associated with severe liver disease and small oxidized LDLs in normal subjects (2012)

The monoclonal antibody G11-6 is useful for detecting oxidized small LDLs in normal controls and oxidized TG-rich LDLs in patients with severe liver disease.