gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SIRT7 suppresses energy expenditure and thermogenesis by regulating brown adipose tissue functions in mice (2022)

Brown adipose tissue plays a central role in the regulation of the energy balance by expending energy to produce heat. NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent deacylase sirtuins have widely been recognized as positive regulators of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. However, here we reveal that SIRT7, one of seven mammalian sirtuins, suppresses energy expenditure and thermogenesis by regulating brown adipose tissue functions. Whole-body and brown adipose tissue-specific Sirt7 knockout mice have higher body temperature and energy expenditure. SIRT7 deficiency increases the protein level of UCP1, a key regulator of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Mechanistically, we found that SIRT7 deacetylates insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2, an RNA-binding protein that inhibits the translation of Ucp1 mRNA, thereby enhancing its inhibitory action on Ucp1. Furthermore, SIRT7 attenuates the expression of batokine genes, such as fibroblast growth factor 21. In conclusion, we propose that SIRT7 serves as an energy-saving factor by suppressing brown adipose tissue functions.
Density Dependence of Bending Strength and Vickers Hardness of Mullite-Silica and Zirconia Ceramics (1996)

Fired bodies were prepared from the clay mineral (kaolin and pyrophyllite) and Y2O3-stabilized zirconia powders. The bulk density (ρ) dependence of the bending strength (σ) and Vickers hardness (HV) were studied. The relation, σ∝HVn/m was obtained from the power law of σ∝ρn and HV∝ρm. Also, the relation, KIc∝σt, was proved. The fracture toughness (KIc) can be estimated easily from the measurement of σ. Moreover, an empirical equation χ=χ0exp(-ñP) was derived theoretically using the power law, where χ is a physical quantity related to the mechanical properties and P is the porosity.
Evolutionary Psychiatry: A New Beginning, Anthony Stevensand John Price, New York: Routledge, 1996, 280 pp. US$69.95 cloth. ISBN 0-415-13839-6. US$18.95 paper. ISBN 0-415-13840-X. Routledge, 29 W. 35th St., New York, NY 10001-2299, USA. (1997)

Evolutionary Psychiatry: A New Beginning, Anthony Stevensand John Price, New York: Routledge, 1996, 280 pp. US18.95 paper. ISBN 0-415-13840-X. Routledge, 29 W. 35th St., New York, NY 10001-2299, USA. - Volume 16 Issue 2
A Visual Comparison of Silent Error Propagation (2022)

High-performance computing (HPC) systems play a critical role in facilitating scientific discoveries. Their scale and complexity (e.g., the number of computational units and software stack) continue to grow as new systems are expected to process increasingly more data and reduce computing time. However, with more processing elements, the probability that these systems will experience a random bit-flip error that corrupts a program's output also increases, which is often recognized as silent data corruption. Analyzing the resiliency of HPC applications in extreme-scale computing to silent data corruption is crucial but difficult. An HPC application often contains a large number of computation units that need to be tested, and error propagation caused by error corruption is complex and difficult to interpret. To accommodate this challenge, we propose an interactive visualization system that helps HPC researchers understand the resiliency of HPC applications and compare their error propagation. Our system models an application's error propagation to study a program's resiliency by constructing and visualizing its fault tolerance boundary. Coordinating with multiple interactive designs, our system enables domain experts to efficiently explore the complicated spatial and temporal correlation between error propagations. At the end, the system integrated a nonmonotonic error propagation analysis with an adjustable graph propagation visualization to help domain experts examine the details of error propagation and answer such questions as why an error is mitigated or amplified by program execution.
Influence of employing different measuring systems on measurement repeatability in frequency response analyses of power transformers (2019)

Good repeatability of measurements of frequency response analysis (FRA) on power transformers can only be secured when selecting the same connection method of the used measuring leads as that employed in the measurement of reference data.
Skeletal muscle disorders in heart failure (2001)

Heart failure is associated with reduction of exercise capacity that cannot be solely ascribed to reduced maximal oxygen uptake (VdotO2max). Therefore, research has focused on changes in skeletal muscle morphology, metabolism and function. Factors that can cause such changes in skeletal muscle comprise inactivity, malnutrition, constant or repeated episodes of inadequate oxygen delivery and prolonged exposure to altered neurohumoural stimuli. Most of these factors are not specific for the heart failure condition. On the other hand, heart failure is more than one clinical condition. Congestive heart failure (CHF) develops gradually as a result of deteriorating contractility of the viable myocardium, myocardial failure. Is it possible that development of this contractile deficit in the myocardium is paralleled by a corresponding contractile deficit of the skeletal muscles? This question cannot be answered today. Both patient studies and experimental studies support that there is a switch to a faster muscle phenotype and energy metabolism balance is more anaerobic. The muscle atrophy seen in many patients is not so evident in experimental studies. Few investigators have studied contractile function. Both fast twitch and slow twitch muscles seem to become slower, not faster as might be expected, and this is possibly linked to slower intracellular Ca2+ cycling. The neurohumoural stimuli that can cause this change are not known, but recently it has been reported that several cytokines are increased in CHF patients. Thus, the changes seen in skeletal muscles during CHF are partly secondary to inactivity, but the possibility remains that the contractility is altered because of intracellular changes of Ca2+ metabolism that are also seen in the myocardium.
Developmental Toxicity of Amesergide Administered by Gavage to CD Rats and New Zealand White Rabbits (1995)

Amesergide is a selective serotonin 5-HTIC/2 receptor antagonist being developed for the treatment of depression. The potential developmental toxicity of amesergide was evaluated in CD rats and New Zealand white rabbits. Pregnant rats and rabbits were dosed once daily by gavage on Gestation Days 6–17 and 6–18, respectively. Doses for rats were 0, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg; doses for rabbits were 0, 0.2, 2, and 15 mg/kg. Cesarean sections were performed on rats and rabbits on Gestation Days 20 and 28, respectively. In rats, maternal effects expressed as depression of body weight gain and food consumption were observed at the 30 mg/kg dose level. Fetal viability and morphology were not affected at any dose level. Fetal weight was depressed at the 30 mg/kg dose level. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) in the rat was 10 mg/kg. In rabbits, maternal effects expressed as a decrease in food consumption occurred at the 2 and 15 mg/kg dose levels; weight gain was depressed at 15 mg/kg. Fetal viability, weight, and morphology were not affected at any dose level. The NOELs for maternal and developmental effects in the rabbit were 0.2 and 15 mg/kg, respectively.
Specialized pro-resolution mediators in the bladder: Receptor expression and recovery of bladder function from cystitis (2022)

Inflammation is a central process in most benign bladder disorders, and its control is a delicate balance between initiating factors and resolving factors. While recent discoveries have shown a central role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in initiation, the resolving pathways remain unexplored. Resolution is controlled by specialized pro-resolution mediators (SPMs) functioning through seven receptors (six in rodents). Here we demonstrate expression of all seven in humans (six in mice) through immunocytochemistry. Expression was universal in urothelia with most also expressed in smooth muscle. We next explored the therapeutic potential of three SPMs; Resolvin E1 (RvE1), Maresin 1 (MaR1), and Protectin D1 (PD1). SPMs promote epithelial wound/barrier repair and RvE1 triggered dose-dependent wound closure in urothelia <i>in vitro</i> (scratch assay) (EC90 = 12.5 nM). MaR1 and PD1 were equally effective at this concentration. <i>In vivo</i> analyses employed a cyclophosphamide (CP) model of bladder inflammation (Day 0-CP [150 mg/kg], Day 1 to 3 SPM [25 µg/kg/day], Day 4 - analysis). All three SPMs reduced bladder inflammation (Evans blue) and bladder weights to control levels. Effects of RvE1 were also examined by urodynamics. CP decreased void volume, increased frequency and decreased bladder capacity while RvE1 restored values to control levels. Finally, SPMs reduce fibrosis and RvE1 reduced urothelial expression of TGF-β and collagen I to control values. Together these results expand the known SPMs active in the bladder tissue and provide promising therapeutic targets for controlling inflammation in a wide variety of inflammation-associated benign bladder diseases.
Image Denoising Based on Multiscale Singularity Detection for Cone Beam CT Breast Imaging (2004)

It was recently reported that the real-time flat panel detector-based cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) breast imaging can help improve the detectability of small breast tumors with an X-ray dose comparable to that of the conventional mammography. In this paper, an efficient denoising algorithm is proposed to further reduce the X-ray exposure level required by a CBCT scan to acquire acceptable image quality. The proposed wavelet-based denoising algorithm possesses three significant characteristics: 1) wavelet coefficients at each scale are classified into two categories: irregular coefficients, and edge-related and regular coefficients; 2) noise in irregular coefficients is reduced as much as possible without producing artifacts to the denoised images; and 3) for the edge-related and regular coefficients, if they are at the first decomposition level, they are further denoised, otherwise, no modifications are made to them so as to obtain good visual quality for diagnosis. By applying the proposed denoising algorithm to the filtered projection images, the X-ray exposure level necessary for the CBCT scan can be reduced by up to 60% while obtaining clinically acceptable image quality. This denoising result indicates that in the clinical application of CBCT breast imaging, the patient radiation dose can be significantly reduced.
Effects of light intensity and air velocity on air temperature, water vapor pressure, and CO2 concentration inside a plant canopy under an artificial lighting condition. (1998)

In order to characterize environmental variables inside a plant canopy under artificial lighting in the CELSS, we investigated the effects of light intensity and air velocity on air temperature, water vapor pressure, and CO2 concentration inside a plant canopy. Under a PPF of 500 micromoles m-2 s-1, air temperature was 2-3 degrees C higher, water vapor pressure was 0.6 kPa higher, and CO2 concentration was 25-35 micromoles mol-1 lower at heights ranging from 0 to 30 mm below the canopy than at a height 60 mm above the canopy. Increasing the PPF increased air temperature and water vapor pressure and decreased CO2 concentration inside the canopy. The air temperature was lower and the CO2 concentration was higher inside the canopy at an air velocity of 0.3 m s-1 than at an air velocity of 0.1 m s-1. The environmental variables inside the canopy under a high light intensity were characterized by higher air temperature, higher vapor pressure, and lower CO2 concentration than those outside the canopy.
Les lipides : une matière première alternative pour la synthèse de polymères de spécialités (2012)

Currently, the dependence of the chemical industry on fossil fuels is very important (95 % of chemicals from fossil fuels). In addition, the scarcity of nonrenewable resources is one – with climate change, pollution, increasing population, limited water resources and biodiversity erosion – of the sustainable development challenges. The use of renewable resources appears as an alternative or even a priority in order to solve the challenges of sustainability. The French chemical industry is a very active area with a GDP of around 18 billion euros and 1.3 billion euros of investment in research and development. However, the sector also faces a number of difficulties due to the decreased activity of its petrochemical industries, the phenomena of offshoring and concentrations. Indeed, the development of new bio-based materials is a major challenge and vegetable oils can be a source of such bio-based materials.
Agent Based Systems to Support Multi- disciplinary Probelm Solving Environments (1997)

The predicted growth of computational power and network bandwidth suggesls that computational modeling and experimentation will be one of the main lools iIi big and small science. In this scenario, computational modeling wiII shift from the current single physical component design to the design of a whole physical system with a large number of components that have different shapes, obey different physical laws and manufacturing constraints, and interact with each other through geometric and physical interfaces. We refer to these multi-experiment based systems as multidisciplinary applications. The realization of the above scenario will require the development of new algorithmic strategies and software for managing the complexity and harvesting the power of the expected HPCC resources; it will require problem solving environment (PSE) technology to support programminginthe-large and reduce the overhead of HPCC computing. In this paper, we identify the framework for the numerical simulation of multidisciplinary applications and develop the enabling methodologies needed to support and realize this framework in specific applications. The software implementation of this framework is called a multidisciplinary problem solving environment (MPSE). It is assumed that its elements are discipline-specific PSEs. Our MPSE design objective is to allow a) the natural specification of mullidisciplinary applications and their simulation with interacting PSEs through mathematical and software interfaces across networks of heterogeneous computational resources and b) the automatic selection of
Kinetics of base hydrolysis of tris‐(1,10‐phenanthroline)iron(II) and of solvolysis of cis‐dichlorobis(1,2‐ethanediamine)cobalt(III) in water + diol mixtures (1993)

Abstract Rate constants for base hydrolysis of the tris ‐(1,10‐phenanthroline)iron(II) cation and for solvolysis of the cis ‐dichlorobis(1,2‐ethanediamine)cobalt(III) cation have been measured in binary aqueous mixtures containing 1,2‐ethanediol, 1,2‐ or 1,4‐butanediol, 1,2‐ or 1,6‐hexanediol, 1‐propanol, or t ‐butyl alcohol, at 298.2 K. Kinetics of base hydrolysis of the cobalt(III) complex have also been monitored in methanol‐water and ethanol‐water mixtures, again at 298.2 K. The observed reactivity trends are discussed in terms of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the respective diols. The dominant factor determining reactivity is hydration of the attacking hydroxide or leaving chloride, as is evidenced by the close correspondence between rate constants and transfer chemical potentials for these anions. The role of hydration has also been probed through the determination of activation volumes for these two reactions in 60% 1,4‐butanediol. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
TU‐H‐CAMPUS‐JeP3‐04: Factors Predicting a Need for Treatment Replanning with Proton Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer (2016)

Purpose: Proton dose distribution is sensitive to tumor regression and tissue and normal anatomy changes. Replanning is sometimes necessary during treatment to ensure continue tumor coverage or avoid overtreatment of organs at risk (OARs). We investigated action thresholds for replanning and identified both dosimetric and non‐dosimetric metrics that would predict a need for replan. Methods: All consecutive lung cancer patients (n = 188) who received definitive proton radiotherapy and had more than two evaluation CT scans at the Roberts Proton Therapy Center (Philadelphia, USA) from 2011 to 2015 were included in this study. The cohort included a variety of tumor sizes, locations, histology, beam angles, as well as radiation‐induced tumor and lung change. Dosimetric changes during therapy were characterized by changes in the dose volume distribution of PTV, ITV, and OARs (heart, cord, esophagus, brachial plexus and lungs). Tumor and lung change were characterized by changes in sizes, and in the distribution of Hounsfield numbers and water equivalent thickness (WET) along the beam path. We applied machine learning tools to identify both dosimetric and non‐dosimetric metrics that predicted a replan. Results: Preliminary data showed that clinical indicators (n = 54) were highly correlated; thus, a simple indicator may be derived to guide the action threshold for replanning. Additionally, tumor regression alone could not predict dosimetric changes in OARs; it required further information about beam angles and tumor locations. Conclusion: Both dosimetric and non‐dosimetric factors are predictive of the need for replanning during proton treatment.
Constant Frequency Time Ratio Pulse Modulation Series Resonant using A Single Auxiliary Active Power Switch (2002)

In this paper, the time ratio pulse modulation type series resonant soft switching high frequency inverter using a single auxiliary active power switch is presented, which includes zero current soft switching-assisted lossless inductors, along with its output power regulation characteristics under the condition of a constant operation frequency and complete soft commutation.
D2 Lymph Node Dissections during Reduced-port Robotic Distal Subtotal Gastrectomy and Conventional Laparoscopic Surgery Performed by a Single Surgeon in a High-volume Center: a Propensity Score-matched Analysis (2020)

D2 lymph node dissections can be safely performed during RRDGs and the perioperative outcomes appear to be comparable to those of conventional laparoscopic surgeries. Further studies are needed to compare long-term survival outcomes.
Analysis of the equal-delay transformer with non-commensurate constituent transmission lines (2010)

The effect of non-commensurate constituent transmission lines on the performance of the equal-delay topology for transformers and balancing networks is quantified. It is shown that when the load behaves as an isolated 2-terminal impedance or when the sum port connection is open-circuited to provide current balun operation, even a small difference in electrical lengths causes a complete nulling of the balanced output voltage and a concomitant open-circuit in the input impedance when the average electrical length of the lines is an odd integer multiple of 90°. This result is significant as it constitutes a major frequency limitation in the so-called Guanella topology. The special case of one of the transmission lines having zero length is then shown to be equivalent to the so-called bootstrap or Ruthroff topology, with the transmission null still occurring when the average electrical length of the lines is 90°.
Elucidating the mechanism of microbial thermogenesis (2023)

Abstract Organisms necessarily release heat energy in their pursuit of survival. This process is known as cellular thermogenesis and is implicated in many processes from cancer metabolism to spontaneous farm fires 1,2 . However, the molecular basis for this fundamental phenomenon is yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that the major players involved in cellular thermogenesis are the protein kinases ArcB, GlnL, and YccC in Escherichia coli . We also reveal the substrate-level control of ATP-driven autophosphorylation that governs cellular thermogenesis. Through live-cell microcalorimetric experimentation, we find that only three of the 231 regulatory proteins, when knocked out in a model Escherichia coli strain, dysregulate cellular thermogenesis. This dysregulation can be seen in an average 25% or greater increase in heat output by these cells. We also discover that both heat output and intracellular ATP levels are maximal during the late log phase of growth. Our results demonstrate a correlation between ATP concentrations in the cell and a cell’s ability to generate excess heat. We expect this work to be the foundation for engineering a new generation of thermogenically-tuned organisms for a variety of applications.
Extratropical waves transport boreal wildfire emissions and drive regional air quality dynamics (2008)

A synthesis of data and analyses identified eight separate wildfire events (five in boreal Canada and three in the western United States) that impacted the Pittsburgh Supersite, as well as Toronto, during June and July 2002. These data also revealed a larger structure in the nature of pollution episodes in Pittsburgh characterized by alternating periods of stagnation and cleansing. Stagnation resulted in significant and sustained increases in pollutant concentrations that were eventually flushed by clean air transported from Canada. Stagnation events were further characterized by decreases in wind speed, increases in ambient temperature, and enhanced atmospheric processing. Reverse trends were observed during the “clean” periods. Wildfire emissions consistently arrived immediately prior to the stagnation events and tended to be trapped and recirculated by the associated surface high pressure system, prolonging their impact. These receptor site dynamics were correlated to the structure and propagation of transient extratropical synoptic‐scale waves, which were characterized by eastward propagating transcontinental trough‐ridge‐trough configurations. Temporal patterns observed in the Pittsburgh data (a repeating sequence of long‐range transport followed by stagnation and then flushing) were in phase with alternating synoptic structures of the propagating waves. Northwesterly subsiding flow between the ridge and trough transported wildfire emissions from the injection height above the fires down into the Pittsburgh and Toronto air sheds. As the wave propagated, the surface high associated with the upper‐level ridge passed Pittsburgh, initiating a stagnation event. The cold front associated with the approaching trough flushed the stagnant air but reset the sequence of events as emissions from new wildfires were again transported behind the front. The sequence consistently repeated throughout the study period with a frequency directly correlated to the frequency of extratropical wave formation. Stagnation severity was related to the speed and maturity of the synoptic disturbances while wildfire impact severity corresponded to fire size.