gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early warnings from automatic milk yield monitoring with online synergistic control (2014)

Sensors play a crucial role in the future of dairy farming. Modern dairy farms today are equipped with many different sensors for milk yield, body weight, activity, and even milk composition. The challenge, however, is to translate signals from these sensors into relevant information for the farmer. Because the measured values for an individual cow show nonstationary behavior, the concepts of statistical process control, which are commonly used in industry, cannot be used directly. The synergistic control concept overcomes this problem by on-line (real-time) modeling of the process and application of statistical process control to the residuals between the measured and modeled values. In this study, the synergistic control concept was developed and tested for early detection of anomalies in dairy cows based on detection of shifts in milk yield. Compared with the combination of visual observation and milk conductivity measurements, the developed strategy had a sensitivity of 63% for detecting clinical mastitis. Consequently, this technique could have added value on many farms, as it extracts practical information out of inexpensive data that are already available. As it can be easily extended to other measured parameters, the technique shows potential for early detection of other nutrition and health problems.
Natural protective mechanisms against endoscopic white-light injury in the fetal lamb eye (1999)

The light spectrum of a standard endoscope is limited to 400-750 nm; ultraviolet light is filtered out. The AF transmits harmful blue light poorly. Fetal eyelids seem to protect the eye by extremely low transmission and light dispersion. Even with the eye open, no morphologic retinal damage was found. The strong light sources used with fetal endoscopy did not appear to pose a threat to the fetal retina.
Crystalline GeTe-based phase-change alloys: Disorder in order (2012)

Through the combined use of x-ray absorption and scattering experiments and ab initio simulations, we demonstrate that the metastable cubic phase of GeTe-based phase-change alloys, e.g. ${\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{5}$, is significantly more disordered than is generally believed, with a large number of Ge atoms located off octahedral resonantly bonded sites. The stochastic off-octahedral locations of Ge atoms, that are invisible to Bragg diffraction probing the average structure, lead to disruption of the continuous resonance bonding network of the crystalline phase, resulting in localization of charge carriers. It is proposed that the degree of coherency of local rhombohedral displacements, that may be varied, e.g., by doping, can serve as means to control electrical properties of Ge-Sb-Te alloys.
<title>Future of electronic printing</title> (1998)

Since the mid-1970s, electronic printing has been available to businesses. Its growth has been truly amazing. Original predictions of a need for no more than 500 laser printers has now given way to millions of printers of all types from home and personal office to the print shop. This paper is intended to look at what the future of electronic printing might look like. Any prognostication of the future is always risky and the intent here is to look at what has happened and what is happening in the marketplace and thus get some view of the future. Will the printer vendors of today be the printer vendors tomorrow? What will be the market leading characteristics of future electronic printers? Can we measure value to the first order? We shall try to briefly explore these and some other questions in order to pursue some idea of where the business is going.
2-Deoxy-D-glucose-induced cytotoxicity and radiosensitization in tumor cells is mediated via disruptions in thiol metabolism. (2003)

Exposure to ionizing radiation is believed to cause cell injury via the production of free radicals that are thought to induce oxidative damage. It has been proposed that exposure to agents that enhance oxidative stress-induced injury by disrupting thiol metabolism may sensitize cells to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. Recently, it has been shown that glucose deprivation selectively induces cell injury in transformed human cells via metabolic oxidative stress (J. Biol. Chem., 273: 5294-5299; Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 899: 349-362), resulting in profound disruptions in thiol metabolism. Because 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) is a potent inhibitor of glucose metabolism thought to mimic glucose deprivation in vivo, the hypothesis that exposure to 2DG might be capable of inducing radiosensitization in transformed cells via perturbations in thiol metabolism was tested. When HeLa cells were exposed to 2DG (4-10 mM) for 4-72 h, cell survival decreased (20-90%) in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. When HeLa cells were treated with 6 mM 2DG for 16 h before ionizing radiation exposure, radiosensitization was observed with a sensitizer enhancement ratio of 1.4 at 10% isosurvival. Treatment with 2DG was also found to cause decreases in intracellular total glutathione content (50%). Simultaneous treatment with the thiol antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 30 mM) protected HeLa cells against the cytotoxicity and radiosensitizing effects of 2DG, without altering radiosensitivity in the absence of 2DG. Furthermore, treatment with NAC partially reversed the 2DG-induced decreases in total glutathione content, as well as augmented intracellular cysteine content. Finally, the cytotoxicity and radiosensitizing effects of 2DG were more pronounced in v-Fos-transformed versus nontransformed immortalized rat cells, and this radiosensitization was also inhibited by treatment with NAC. These results support the hypothesis that exposure to 2DG causes cytotoxicity and radiosensitization via a mechanism involving perturbations in thiol metabolism and allows for the speculation that these effects may be more pronounced in transformed versus normal cells.
Increasing indoor spectrum sharing capacity using smart reflect-array (2016)

The radio frequency (RF) spectrum becomes overly crowded in some indoor environments due to the high density of users and bandwidth demands. To accommodate the tremendous wireless data demands, efficient spectrum-sharing approaches are highly desired. To this end, this paper introduces a new spectrum sharing solution for indoor environments based on the usage of a reconfigurable reflect-array in the middle of the wireless channel. By optimally controlling the phase shift of each element on the reflect-array, the useful signals for each transmission pair can be enhanced while the interferences can be canceled. As a result, multiple wireless users in the same room can access the same spectrum band at the same time without interfering each other. Hence, the network capacity can be dramatically increased. To prove the feasibility of the proposed solution, an experimental testbed is first developed and evaluated. Then, the effects of the reflect-array on transport capacity of the indoor wireless networks are investigated. Through experiments, theoretical deduction, and simulations, this paper demonstrates that significantly higher spectrum-spatial efficiency can be achieved by using the smart reflect-array without any modification of the hardware and software in the users' devices.
The Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) In Acute Traumatic Complete (AIS A) And Incomplete (AIS B-D) Cross-Sectional Lesions On Motor And Sensory Function Within Six Months After Injury: A Two-Arm Three-Stage Adaptive, Prospective, Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (2021)

Abstract Background: The pathological mechanism in acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is dual sequential: the primary mechanical lesion and the secondary injury due to a cascade of biochemical and pathological changes initiated by the primary lesion. Therapeutic approaches have focused on modulating the mechanisms of secondary injury. Despite extensive efforts in the treatment of SCI, there is yet no causal, curative treatment approach available.Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been successfully implemented in clinical use. Biological responses to therapeutic shock waves include altered metabolic activity of various cell types due to direct and indirect mechanotransduction leading to improved migration, proliferation, chemotaxis, modulation of the inflammatory response, angiogenesis and neovascularization thus inducing rather a regeneration than repair.Objective: The aim of this clinical study is to investigate the effect of ESWT in humans within the first 48 hours after an acute traumatic SCI, with the objective to intervene in the secondary injury phase in order to reduce the extent of neuronal loss.Study design: Two-arm three-stage adaptive, prospective, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Methods: The study has been initiated in July 2020 and a total of 82 patients with acute traumatic SCI will be recruited for the first stage in 15 participating hospitals as part of a two-armed three-stage adaptive trial design. The focused ESWT (energy flux density: 0.1 - 0.19 mJ/mm2, Frequency: 2-5 Hz) is applied once at the level of the lesion, five segments above / below and on the plantar surface of both feet within the first 48 hours after trauma.The degree of improvement between the follow-up examinations over six months in motor and sensory function is the primary endpoint of the study. Secondary endpoints include routine blood chemistry parameters, the degree of spasticity, the ability to walk, urological function, quality of life, and the independence in everyday life.Hypothesis: The application of ESWT activates the nervous tissue regeneration involving a multitude of various biochemical and cellular events and leads to a decreased neuronal loss. ESWT might contribute to an improvement in the treatment of acute traumatic SCI in future clinical use.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04474106
Compound physical and mechanical effects stimulating metastable diamond formation (2021)

Purpose. To synthesize diamond polycrystals in a thermodynamically stable region, and to grow up a single crystal shell under conditions of thermodynamic metastability. To investigate some physical properties and features of the internal structure for synthesized single crystals for the development of new models and hypotheses regarding the issue of diamond genesis. Methodology. Experimental studies using shock-wave effects on a metal alloy containing non-diamond carbon. Methods of infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance, isotope analysis, differential thermal analysis, electron microscopy, and others are used. The synthesis of nanocrystalline diamond particles as nuclei for growing single crystals is carried out by the shock-wave method using profiled shock waves. Findings. A complex of physicochemical methods for studying the grown diamond monocrystals has been carried out. The reasons for the discrete growth of diamond and the retention of the central inclusion (a polycrystalline diamond of shock-wave origin) in the process of growth have been established and analyzed. It is shown that the discreteness of diamond formation is characteristic only for thermodynamically metastable conditions. The results of the experiments give grounds to make an assumption about the metastable growth, including of diamonds from primary deposits. Originality. The hypothesis has been developed concerning the origin of diamond nanoparticles in interstellar carbon clouds which refer exclusively to central polycrystalline inclusions in a monocrystal diamond shell. The hypothesis eliminates the scientific contradiction that arises in all cases when attempts are made to interpret the natural discreteness of diamond formation based on the regularities of the graphite-diamond state diagram. Possible causes of discrete diamond formation in nature and the scenario of the formation of diamond nanocrystals in an interstellar cloud of atomic carbon have been considered. Practical value. The value of the experimental research results refers to the development of a non-energy-intensive technology for the growing large diamond monocrystals at temperatures of 5001400 K, and pressures of 105107 Pa.
Bandgap Control for Intersubband Transition in InGaAs/AlAsSb Coupled Double Quantum Wells (2013)

This letter demonstrates bandgap control of ion-induced intermixing on InGaAs/AlAsSb coupled double quantum wells (CDQWs). With phosphorus ion implantation and different rapid thermal annealing (RTA) processes, the blueshift of the bandgap profile can be tailored. The influence of quantum well intermixing on the cross-phase modulation (XPM), caused by the intersubband transition in the CDQWs, is also experimentally investigated. Higher RTA temperature or longer annealing time could cause a larger bandgap blueshift that decreases the XPM efficiency. After annealing, the implanted CDQWs have a relatively low transmission loss, whereas the non-implanted sample can maintain a high XPM efficiency. This result can be used for monolithic integration of different bandgap modules with spatially selective mannerisms, and the implications are vast for optical communication applications.
Abstract 4730: Inhibition of the p53-HDMX interaction sensitizes melanoma to chemotherapy (2012)

Abstract Melanoma is the leading cause of death from skin disease worldwide. It is an aggressive cancer that is often resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation-based therapy. The combination of a low survival rate in metastatic disease and lack of successful treatment options underscores the need to elucidate novel methods to target melanoma. More than 95% of human melanomas retain wild type p53, the protein responsible for maintaining genomic integrity; and HDMX, a negative regulator of p53 that neutralizes p53, has recently been found to be overexpressed in 65% of human cutaneous melanoma. These features suggest that targeting the p53-HDMX interaction in melanoma could not only restore the tumor suppressor function of p53, but also sensitize melanoma cells to treatment with conventional chemotherapeutic agents which rely on an intact p53 response. We have previously demonstrated that a hydrocarbon-stapled α-helix based on the transactivation domain of p53 (SAH-p53-8) efficiently disrupts p53-HDM2 and p53-HDMX complexes allowing for p53 to induce apoptotic cell death. Here, we show that SAH-p53-8 treatment is cytotoxic to metastatic melanoma cells by a p53-dependent mechanism. Additionally, SAH-p53-8 sensitizes melanoma to treatment with either cisplatin or the HDM2-specific inhibitor Nutlin-3. Importantly, the inhibition of the p53-HDMX complex arrests the growth of human metastatic melanoma in vivo. The restoration of functional p53 activity provides a basis for a previously unrecognized targeted therapy for metastatic melanoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4730. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4730
Temperature dependence of giant pulse amplification in YAG:Nd3+ (1981)

An analysis is made of the temperature dependence of the amplification of pulses of ∼10 nsec duration in YAG:Nd3+, assuming that the lifetime of the lower active level is appreciable and allowing for a Boltzman distribution of the sublevel populations of the 4F3/2 and 4I11/2 multiplets. The suitability of this model for the active medium was confirmed experimentally.
B-Cell Translocation Gene 2 Is Over-Expressed in Peri-Infarct Neurons after Ischaemic Stroke (2009)

BTG2 may be a modulator of cell survival and differentiation and could help to protect against cell death by inhibition of necrosis and/or apoptotic signalling pathways.
Mammary uptake of amino acids in response to supplementation of rumen protected lysine and methionine in early and late lactating dairy goats (2003)

Goats in early and late lactation were fed a basal diet designed to be low in lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met). The diets were either not supplemented (C), or supplemented with rumen protected Lys (L), Met (M) or both Lys and Met (LM). In order to estimate mammary supply and uptake, arterial and milk vein blood samples were withdrawn and mammary blood flow (MBF) was measured. The supplementation of both Lys and Met increased milk yield and protein production in early but not late lactation. Arterial Lys and Met concentrations were increased significantly when the amino acids were added to the feed, however, the increased concentrations did not affect mammary arterio-venous differences. The analysis of uptake in response to supply showed that the mammary gland seemed less sensitive to changes in supply in early compared to late lactation. It was concluded that it is possible to increase arterial concentration by supplementation of rumen protected Lys and Met. But supplementation to ruminants fed according to their energy and protein requirements can not be expected to have any major effects on milk production, because the mammary gland seems to possess mechanisms enabling it to adjust the extraction of Lys and Met according to its needs.
Two-dimensional versus three-dimensional measurement of infant cervical active motion (2020)

The 2D rotation ACM measurement methods were reliable and demonstrated concurrent validity with the gold standard 3D measure. Infants' lateral flexion ACM examined using 2D measures did not correlate with the results of 3D measurements. This indicated that 2D measurements of active infant cervical lateral flexion could not be used as a valid indicators of 3D motion.
Characterization of Mouse Tissue Kallikrein 5 (2006)

Mouse tissue kallikreins (Klks) are members of a large, multigene family consisting of 37 genes, 26 of which can code for functional proteins. Mouse tissue kallikrein 5 (Klk5) has long been thought to be one of these functional genes, but the gene product, mK5, has not been isolated and characterized. In the present study, we prepared active recombinant mK5 using an Escherichia coli expression system, followed by column chromatography. We then determined the biochemical and enzymatic properties of purified mK5. mK5 had trypsin-like activity for Arg at the P1 position, and its activity was inhibited by typical serine protease inhibitors. mK5 degraded gelatin, fibronectin, collagen type IV, high-molecular-weight kininogen, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3. Our data suggest that mK5 may be implicated in the process of extracellular matrix remodeling.
Sevelamer Carbonate Crystal-Induced Colitis (2020)

Hyperphosphatemia is a common and well-described complication of end-stage renal disease. Despite strict dietary constraints and compliance, phosphate binders such as calcium acetate and/or sevelamer carbonate are also needed to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism. This case vignette describes an underrecognized adverse effect of a phosphate binder, sevelamer carbonate, inducing colitis in a 47-year-old male with insulin-dependent diabetes complicated by end-stage renal disease. He presented for recurrent abdominal pain with associated nausea and was found to have multiple circumferential lesions on computed tomography including distal ascending, transverse, and proximal descending colon. Colonoscopy demonstrated nearly obstructing lesions worrisome for colonic ischemia or inflammatory bowel disease. Pathological review of histology demonstrated ragged colonic mucosa with ulcerative debris and nonpolarizing crystalline material at the sites of ulceration, morphologically consistent with the phosphate binder, sevelamer carbonate. Sevelamer carbonate was discontinued, and the patient was transitioned to calcium carbonate with strict dietary restrictions. His symptoms improved with the cessation of sevelamer, and he was subsequently discharged home. He eventually underwent renal transplant without redevelopment of symptoms. Recognition of this underreported complication of sevelamer carbonate, phosphate binder, is of utmost importance in directing appropriate therapy with cessation of this medication in the setting of gastrointestinal complaints or more specifically enteritis and colitis. Clinicians providing care to end-stage renal patients taking either sevelamer and/or sodium polystyrene sulfonate should have increased awareness of the possible gastrointestinal side effects.
A 36GHz/mw single-phase prescaler using implication logic in 0.13&#x03BC;m CMOS (2013)

This paper presents a non-Boolean digital logic technique used in the design of a high-speed and low-power frequency prescaler. Maximum achievable frequency input of prescalers is limited by the number of devices connected in cascade to the high-speed signal path. In this work, a reduced number of devices is obtained in the prescaler by realizing implication logic operators with a single-phase digital-based flip-flop. The prescaler is implemented in 0.13μm CMOS with a 1.2V supply. A measured efficiency of 36GHz per mW is achieved which represents 3X power consumption reduction compared to prior art in the same technology node, and the highest efficiency reported.
Adaptive natural language programming using object bootstraps (2002)

A team approach to software engineering requires a form of fuzzy object retrieval. Here, team members specify objects using a natural language front-end. The fuzzy language translator is bootstrapped using object-based natural language too. A prototype system, RSCL, is described.
Immune mechanisms in alcoholic liver disease. (1993)

This paper reviews the potential role of immune factors in alcoholic liver diseases. They can either be involved in liver damage and hepatocyte's neurons or in the development of liver fibrosis, or in the sequellae of the disease. Cytokines, as mediators of the relationships between circulating monocytes, Kupffer cells, sinusoidal cells, Ito cells and hepatocytes, seem to play a crucial role in the development of the disease. Studies are now ongoing which try to identify the alcohol-related cofactor which triggers immune activation and the development of liver damage.
Stochastic partial differential equations with unbounded coefficients and applications II (1990)

In this paper we investigate the stochastic partial differential equations of nonlinear filtering theory of diffusion processes in the case of unbounded coefficients.
A blind sparse deconvolution method for neural spike identification (2011)

We consider the problem of estimating neural spikes from extracellular voltage recordings. Most current methods are based on clustering, which requires substantial human supervision and produces systematic errors by failing to properly handle temporally overlapping spikes. We formulate the problem as one of statistical inference, in which the recorded voltage is a noisy sum of the spike trains of each neuron convolved with its associated spike waveform. Joint maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) estimation of the waveforms and spikes is then a blind deconvolution problem in which the coefficients are sparse. We develop a block-coordinate descent method for approximating the MAP solution. We validate our method on data simulated according to the generative model, as well as on real data for which ground truth is available via simultaneous intracellular recordings. In both cases, our method substantially reduces the number of missed spikes and false positives when compared to a standard clustering algorithm, primarily by recovering temporally overlapping spikes. The method offers a fully automated alternative to clustering methods that is less susceptible to systematic errors.