gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The tyrocidine biosynthesis operon of Bacillus brevis: complete nucleotide sequence and biochemical characterization of functional internal adenylation domains (1997)

The cyclic decapeptide antibiotic tyrocidine is produced by Bacillus brevis ATCC 8185 on an enzyme complex comprising three peptide synthetases, TycA, TycB, and TycC (tyrocidine synthetases 1, 2, and 3), via the nonribosomal pathway. However, previous molecular characterization of the tyrocidine synthetase-encoding operon was restricted to tycA, the gene that encodes the first one-module-bearing peptide synthetase. Here, we report the cloning and sequencing of the entire tyrocidine biosynthesis operon (39.5 kb) containing the tycA, tycB, and tycC genes. As deduced from the sequence data, TycB (404,562 Da) consists of three modules, including an epimerization domain, whereas TycC (723,577 Da) is composed of six modules and harbors a putative thioesterase domain at its C-terminal end. Each module incorporates one amino acid into the peptide product and can be further subdivided into domains responsible for substrate adenylation, thiolation, condensation, and epimerization (optional). We defined, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli five internal adenylation domains of TycB and TycC. Soluble His6-tagged proteins, ranging from 536 to 559 amino acids, were affinity purified and found to be active by amino acid-dependent ATP-PPi exchange assay. The detected amino acid specificities of the investigated domains manifested the colinear arrangement of the peptide product with the respective module in the corresponding peptide synthetases and explain the production of the four known naturally occurring tyrocidine variants. The Km values of the investigated adenylation domains for their amino acid substrates were found to be comparable to those published for undissected wild-type enzymes. These findings strongly support the functional integrities of single domains within multifunctional peptide synthetases. Directly downstream of the 3' end of the tycC gene, and probably transcribed in the tyrocidine operon, two tandem ABC transporters, which may be involved in conferring resistance against tyrocidine, and a putative thioesterase were found.
Structural analysis of behavioral networks from the Internet (2008)

In spite of the Internet's phenomenal growth and social impact, many aspects of the collective communication behavior of its users are largely unknown. Understanding the structure and dynamics of the behavioral networks that connect users with each other and with services across the Internet is key to modeling the network and designing future applications. We present a characterization of the properties of the behavioral networks generated by several million users of the Abilene (Internet2) network. Structural features of these networks offer new insights into scaling properties of network activity and ways of distinguishing particular patterns of traffic. For example, we find that the structure of the behavioral network associated with Web activity is characterized by such extreme heterogeneity as to challenge any simple attempt to model Web server traffic.
Effects of levamisole (NSC-177023) and tetramisole (NSC-102063) in experimental tumor systems. (1975)

Levamisole and tetramisole had no antitumor effect against the following transplantable syngeneic murine tumors: L1210 leukemia, P388 leukemia, B16 melanoma, Madison 109 lung tumor, and Lewis lung carcinoma. In the Lewis lung carcinoma system there was no effect on primary tumor growth, metastasis, or survival. Tetramisole had a variable effect on the growth of rhabdomyosarcomas and the survival of BALB/c mice following intramuscular inoculation of Moloney sarcoma virus. In two experiments treatment with tetramisole either prior to or following inoculation of Moloney sarcoma virus increased the number of mice with tumor regression as opposed to progressive tumor growth, incrneased the number of long-term survivors, and prolonged the lifespan of mice that died of tumor. In two further tests neither levamisole nor tetramisole had an effect in this system. In mice immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide prior to virus inoculation, there was not effect of treatment with levamisole or tetramisole.
An Aqueous Eutectic Electrolyte for Low-Cost, Safe Energy Storage with an Operational Temperature Range of 150 °C, from −70 to 80 °C (2020)

The performance of conventional energy storage devices greatly suffers at low temperatures. Here, we show that aqueous electrolytes represent an unexpectedly promising solution to this low-temperature issue. The high solubility of lithium chloride in water greatly lowers the freezing point at the eutectic concentration, allowing for a liquid aqueous electrolyte to exist at −74 °C. This electrolyte is used to support low-temperature energy storage in supercapacitors containing an industry-standard activated carbon, retaining 72% of room temperature capacity (28 F/g) at −70 °C and 42% at −80 °C. Since the electrolyte is nonflammable, a high-temperature operation is also possible up to 80 °C, amounting to a broad 150 °C temperature range which covers the most extreme conditions on earth. At −70 °C, the electrolyte has a remarkably high conductivity (1.83 mS/cm) and a broad three-volt stability window. By blending in poly(vinyl alcohol), a polymer electrolyte is made which retains much of the low-temperature performance and is used to make a device capable of lighting an LED at −70 °C for more than a minute. The devices made here excel at low-temperature energy storage and use only safe, low-cost commodity materials.
First Observation of Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission in a Free-Electron Laser at 109 nm Wavelength (2000)

We present the first observation of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) in a free-electron laser (FEL) in the vacuum ultraviolet regime at 109 nm wavelength (11 eV). The observed free-electron laser gain (approximately 3000) and the radiation characteristics, such as dependency on bunch charge, angular distribution, spectral width, and intensity fluctuations, are all consistent with the present models for SASE FELs.
SALEM-a programming system for the simulation of systems described by partial differential equations (1968)

Digital simulation has attained a broad and enthusiastic usage in recent years, due largely to the increased speed and flexibility of digital computer hardware and the notable efforts of the authors of simulation programs such as MIMIC, DSL-90, PACTOLUS, and many others. All of these programs perform basically a single task: they solve a system of ordinary differential equations of the initial value type. Indeed, the expression "digital simulation of continuous systems" has become synonymous with this definition.
Nouvelles Anthraquinones des Racines deRubia cordifolia (1981)

From roots of Rubia cordifolia L. four anthraquinones are isolated: 1-hydroxy 2-methylanthraquinone and nordamnacanthal which have been already isolated in some Rubiaceae, physcion which seems to be new in this family and 1,4-dihydroxy 6-methyl-anthraquinone which seems to be a new quinizarin.
Preparation of Sterically Protected 3,4-Bis(phosphinidene)cyclobutenes and Their Isomerism (1990)

Abstract Sterically protected bis(phosphinidene)cyclobutenes were prepared starting from the diphosphane and their isomerism involving a 1,6-diphosphahexa-1,2,4,5-tetraene intermediate, which is both cumulative and conjugated, was studied. X-Ray crystallographic study of the (E,Z)-phosphinidenecyclobutene shows that the molecule suffers from large steric congestion between intra- and inter-substituents.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Stromal EGF and IGF-I Together Modulate Plasticity of Disseminated Triple-Negative Breast Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 279K, EGFR/IGFR Inhibitors do not Affect the Phenotype of Responding Tumor Cells in Animals Bearing Control Matrigel.&lt;/p&gt;
Nucleation of damage centres during ion implantation of silicon (1971)

Abstract Nucleation of damage centres in single crystal silicon held at room temperature and bombarded in a “random” direction with light ions is not at all times heterogeneous, as has sometimes been assumed. Homogeneous nucleation of interstitial clusters occurs at low ion fluences and this is characterized, for an extremely short period, by a linear dependence of the state of disorder on ion fluence, followed by a longer period during which disorder a (fluence)1/2. During these periods of ‘nucleation’ and ‘primary growth’ small interstitial clusters behave as unsaturable traps. For higher fluences there is a smooth transfer to a form of damage increase which is not of displacement cascade origin. In this period of ‘secondary growth’ the state of disorder varies linearly with ion fluence, and interstitial clusters behave as nucleation traps. It is shown how marked effects on the state of disorder due to changes in the mass of the bombarding ion, in the flux of the impinging beam, or in the temperature and impurity content of the bombarded crystal, can be simply traced to an early assistance for or a resistance to the onset of hetero- over homogeneous nucleation.
<title>Multitarget tracking using multiple bistatic range measurements with probability hypothesis densities</title> (2004)

Ronald Mahler's Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) provides a promising framework for the passive coherent location of targets observed via multiple bistatic radar measurements. We consider tracking targets using only range measurements from a simple non-directional receiver that exploits non-cooperative FM radio transmitters as its "illuminators of opportunity." A target cannot be located at a single point by a particular transmitter-receiver pair, but rather it is located along a bistatic range ellipse determined by the position of the target relative to the receiver and transmitter. Target location is resolved by using multiple transmitter-receiver pairs and locating the target at the intersection of the resulting bistatic ellipses. Determining the intersection of these bistatic range ellipses and resolving the resultant ghost targets is generally a complex task. However, the PHD provides a convenient and simple means of fusing together the multiple range measurements to locate targets. We incorporate signal-to-noise ratios, probabilities of detection and false alarm, and bistatic range variances into our simulation.
Quantitative analysis of sugar constituents of glycoproteins by capillary electrophoresis (1998)

A method for quantitative analysis of monosaccharides including N-acetylneuraminic acid derived from sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides and glycoproteins is presented. The analysis is based on the combination of chemical and enzymatic methods coupled with capillary electrophoretic (CE) separation and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. The present method utilizes a simplified acid hydrolysis procedure consisting of mild hydrolysis (0.1 M TFA) to release sialic acid and strong acid hydrolysis (2.0 N TFA) to produce amino and neutral sugars. Amino sugars released from strong acid hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins were reacetylated and derivatized with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (APTS) along with neutral sugars in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride to yield quantitatively the highly stable fluorescent APTS adducts. N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a major component of most mammalian glycoproteins, was converted in a fast specific reaction by the action of neuraminic acid aldolase (N-acylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase EC 4.1.3.3) to N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) and pyruvate. ManNAc was then derivatized with APTS in the same manner as the other monosaccharides. This method was demonstrated for the quantitation of pure Neu5Ac and the species derived from mild acid hydrolysis of 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine and bovine fetuin glycan. Quantitative recovery of the N-acetylmannosamine was obtained from a known amount of Neu5Ac in a mixture of seven other monosaccharides or from the sialylated oligosaccharides occurring in glycoproteins. The sequence of procedures consists of acid hydrolysis, enzymatic conversion and APTS derivatization which produced quantitative recovery of APTS-monosaccharide adducts. The detection limits for sugars derivatized with APTS and detected by CE-LIF are 100 pmol for Neu5Ac and 50 pmol for the other sugars.
Morphological characterization of domatium development in Callicarpa saccata (2019)

Rather than curling of the leaf margins, a perturbation of the normal functioning of the blade/petiole junction results in the formation of domatium tissue. Excess cell proliferation warps the shape of the blade and disturbs the development of the proximal-distal axis. This process leads to the generation of distinct structures that facilitate interaction between C. saccata and ants.
<title>Waveform selection based on detection-tracking performance</title> (1998)

In this paper, radar/sonar waveform selection is investigated form a system engineering viewpoint using the hybrid conditional averaging (HYCA) method. HYCA is a recently developed technique for evaluating tracking performance, and is meeting with increased acceptance due to this ability to work with the dynamic interaction between tracking and imperfect detection. In a previous paper HYCA was used as an analysis tool to select among various apportionments of constant-frequency and linear frequency- sweep waveforms, and the effect of missed detections was incorporated; the tracking mechanism was taken as a Kalman filter. In this paper our analysis is refined to deal both with false alarms and an improved detection model. With respect to the former, the Kalman estimator has been replaced by a probabilistic data association filter, in which Poisson-distributed false-alarms may be included in a natural way. With respect to the latter, the resolution cells have been redefined according to a tessellating grid in range and range-rate, with the effect of detections in neighboring cells caused by ambiguity-function 'sidelobes' and over/undersampling accounted for.
On the number of subpopulations in coevolutionary computation (2007)

Among the existing feature selection/synthesis approaches, Coevolutionary Feature Synthesis (CFS) based on Coevolutionary Genetic Programming (CGP) has shown good performance on a variety of applications. In this paper, we propose an MDL-based fitness function to help pick a reasonable number of synthesized features which is equal to the number of subpopulations. It naturally balances the feature transformation complexity and classification performance. Experiments on a real image database show that the new fitness function solves the problem quite well.al.
Medium voltage motor harmonic heating, torques and voltage stress when applied on VFDs (2002)

The increase in the application of medium voltage variable frequency drives to AC motors has raised concerns regarding the effects the drives have on the motors. Most of the published data available is for low voltage motors and drives, which are not necessarily accurate for the medium voltage applications. We address the harmonic heating, torques and voltage stress that are induced on the motors when they are applied on various types of drives. Results from both modelling and field measured data is used to provide general guidelines.
Comparative test-retest variability of outcome parameters derived from brain [18F]FDG PET studies in non-human primates (2020)

[18F]FDG test-retest studies in NHP protocols need to be conducted under well-standardized experimental conditions to assess and select the most reliable and reproducible quantification approach. Furthermore, the choice of the quantification parameter has to account for the transversal or follow-up study design. If pons and cerebellum regions are not affected, non-invasive SUVR is the most favorable approach for both designs.
Pruning and aging for user histories in collaborative filtering (2016)

In this paper, we introduce algorithms for pruning and aging user ratings in collaborative filtering systems, based on their oldness, under the rationale that aged user ratings may not accurately reflect the current state of users regarding their preferences. The aging algorithm reduces the importance of aged ratings, while the pruning algorithm removes them from the database. The algorithms are evaluated against various types of datasets. The pruning algorithm has been found to present a number of advantages, namely (1) reducing the rating database size, (2) achieving better prediction generation times and (3) improving prediction quality by cutting off predictions with high error. The algorithm can be used in all rating databases that include a timestamp and has been proved to be effective in any type of dataset, from movies and music, to videogames and books.
PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED TRIAL COMPARING SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY AND URETEROSCOPY FOR LOWER POLE CALICEAL CALCULI 1 CM OR LESS (2005)

This study failed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in stone-free rates between SWL and URS for the treatment of small lower pole renal calculi. However, SWL was associated with greater patient acceptance and shorter convalescence.
ON THE DESIGN OF DEADLOCK-FREE ADAPTIVE MULTICAST ROUTING ALGORITHMS (1993)

Multicast communication refers to the delivery of the same message from one source node to an arbitrary number of destination nodes. Two multicast wormhole routing methods have been presented in [13] for multicomputers with 2D-mesh and hypercube topologies. Also, a theory for the design of deadlock-free adaptive routing algorithms for wormhole networks has been proposed in [7, 8]. This theory supplies the sufficient conditions for an adaptive routing algorithm to be deadlock-free, even when there are cyclic dependencies between channels. This paper analyses the additional channel dependencies produced by multicast routing algorithms on wormhole networks. Then, the theory proposed in [7, 8] is extended by considering them. As an example, the multicast routing algorithms presented in [13] are extended, taking advantage of the alternative paths offered by the network.
Scene matching based on non-linear pre-processing on reference image and sensed image (2005)

To solve the heterogeneous image scene matching problem, a non-linear pre-processing method for the original images before intensity-based correlation is proposed. The result shows that the proper matching probability is raised greatly. Especially for the low S/N image pairs, the effect is more remarkable.
Three general concepts to improve risk prediction: good data, wisdom of the crowd, recalibration (2016)

<ns4:p>In today's information age, the necessary means exist for clinical risk prediction to capitalize on a multitude of data sources, increasing the potential for greater accuracy and improved patient care. Towards this objective, the Prostate Cancer DREAM Challenge posted comprehensive information from three clinical trials recording survival for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with first-line docetaxel. A subset of an independent clinical trial was used for interim evaluation of model submissions, providing critical feedback to participating teams for tailoring their models to the desired target. Final submitted models were evaluated and ranked on the independent clinical trial. Our team, called "A Bavarian Dream", utilized many of the common statistical methods for data dimension reduction and summarization during the trial. Three general modeling principles emerged that were deemed helpful for building accurate risk prediction tools and ending up among the winning teams of both sub-challenges. These principles included: first, good data, encompassing the collection of important variables and imputation of missing data; second, wisdom of the crowd, extending beyond the usual model ensemble notion to the inclusion of experts on specific risk ranges; and third, recalibration, entailing transfer learning to the target source. In this study, we illustrate the application and impact of these principles applied to data from the Prostate Cancer DREAM Challenge.</ns4:p>
Robust Risk-Constrained Unit Commitment with Large-scale Wind Generation: An Adjustable Uncertainty Set Approach (2015)

This paper addresses two vital issues which are barely discussed in the literature on robust unit commitment (RUC): 1) how much the potential operational loss could be if the realization of uncertainty is beyond the prescribed uncertainty set; 2) how large the prescribed uncertainty set should be when it is used for RUC decision making. In this regard, a robust risk-constrained unit commitment (RRUC) formulation is proposed to cope with large-scale volatile and uncertain wind generation. Differing from existing RUC formulations, the wind generation uncertainty set in RRUC is adjustable via choosing diverse levels of operational risk. By optimizing the uncertainty set, RRUC can allocate operational flexibility of power systems over spatial and temporal domains optimally, reducing operational cost in a risk-constrained manner. Moreover, since impact of wind generation realization out of the prescribed uncertainty set on operational risk is taken into account, RRUC outperforms RUC in the case of rare events. Three algorithms based on column and constraint generation (C&amp;CG) are derived to solve the RRUC. As the proposed algorithms are quite general, they can also apply to other RUC models to improve their computational efficiency. Simulations on a modified IEEE 118-bus system demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methodology
Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Patients without HIV Infection (1995)

Background. Investigations of outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis have found low rates of treatment response and very high mortality, and they have mainly involved patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. For patients without HIV infection, one study reported an overall rate of response to treatment of 56 percent, and the mortality from tuberculosis was 22 percent. We investigated treatment response and mortality rates in 26 HIV-negative patients in New York with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
In situ analysis of the mononuclear cell infiltrate in primary malignant melanoma of the skin. (1983)

Monoclonal antibodies, directed against functionally different lymphocyte subsets, were applied on frozen sections of primary malignant melanomas and benign nevi. Positive reaction was identified by means of an immunoperoxidase method. It was found that lymphocytic infiltrate underneath and in between malignant melanoma is composed of approximately equal numbers of OKT4 positive helper and OKT8 positive suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. The majority of these lymphocytes also expressed HLA-Dr antigen, indicating an activated state. In addition HLA-Dr, OKT6 positive dendritic cells were present in the infiltrate and between the melanoma cells. Finally, melanoma cells expressed demonstrable amounts of HLA A, B, C antigens, whereas benign nevi did not. It is concluded that all ingredients for a successful immune reaction against primary malignant melanoma are on hand. This finding is in agreement with the relatively frequent occurrence of partial or even complete regression of primary malignant melanoma of the skin.