gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language\n Generation, Translation, and Comprehension (2019)

We present BART, a denoising autoencoder for pretraining sequence-to-sequence\nmodels. BART is trained by (1) corrupting text with an arbitrary noising\nfunction, and (2) learning a model to reconstruct the original text. It uses a\nstandard Tranformer-based neural machine translation architecture which,\ndespite its simplicity, can be seen as generalizing BERT (due to the\nbidirectional encoder), GPT (with the left-to-right decoder), and many other\nmore recent pretraining schemes. We evaluate a number of noising approaches,\nfinding the best performance by both randomly shuffling the order of the\noriginal sentences and using a novel in-filling scheme, where spans of text are\nreplaced with a single mask token. BART is particularly effective when fine\ntuned for text generation but also works well for comprehension tasks. It\nmatches the performance of RoBERTa with comparable training resources on GLUE\nand SQuAD, achieves new state-of-the-art results on a range of abstractive\ndialogue, question answering, and summarization tasks, with gains of up to 6\nROUGE. BART also provides a 1.1 BLEU increase over a back-translation system\nfor machine translation, with only target language pretraining. We also report\nablation experiments that replicate other pretraining schemes within the BART\nframework, to better measure which factors most influence end-task performance.\n
Improving Confidence in Cross Border Electronic Commerce: Communication, Signatures and Authentication Devices (2011)

The vast majority of business communications exchanged through out the world do not make use of any authentication or signature technology. This is because, in the day to day workings of a business, companies are generally satisfied with exchanging messages by email without the need of authentication other than the basic name, title and address oftentimes contained at the bottom of the email communications. Many argue this communication decision is based upon a realization that companies need to be more concerned about cost and complexity with using the technique- then with security itself. However, the legislative bodies cannot stand ideally as the use of electronic commerce is steadily increasing and is oftentimes only partially or haphazardly covered by laws conceived for other media. Consequently, the law needs to balance the needs of business with the legal reality that much of the law was designed for another media and as such needs updating if not reforming. Without mastering this balance, business will not increase its use of devices and will be left unprotected by the law and as such confidence will continue to wane in the electronic commercial world.Creating trust in electronic commerce is of great importance for its development. To this end, special rules are needed to increase security and certainty in its use - without drastically increasing costs. The solution must be two-fold - first technology that allows for the implementation of security without undue expense and, second a legal structure that improves the stability and certainty of the system. To date, the technology is well ahead of the law - but that may be slowly changing.
PKA and Epac synergistically inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation (2010)

Cyclic AMP signalling promotes VSMC quiescence in healthy vessels and during vascular healing following injury. Cyclic AMP inhibits VSMC proliferation via mechanisms that are not fully understood. We investigated the role of PKA and Epac signalling on cAMP-induced inhibition of VSMC proliferation. cAMP-mediated growth arrest was PKA-dependent. However, selective PKA activation with 6-Benzoyl-cAMP did not inhibit VSMC proliferation, indicating a requirement for additional pathways. Epac activation using the selective cAMP analogue 8-CPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP, did not affect levels of hyperphosphorylated Retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, a marker of G1-S phase transition, or BrdU incorporation, despite activation of the Epac-effector Rap1. However, 6-Benzoyl-cAMP and 8-CPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP acted synergistically to inhibit Rb-hyperphosphorylation and BrdU incorporation, indicating that both pathways are required for growth inhibition. Consistent with this, constitutively active Epac increased Rap1 activity and synergised with 6-Benzoyl-cAMP to inhibit VSMC proliferation. PKA and Epac synergised to inhibit phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. Induction of stellate morphology, previously associated with cAMP-mediated growth arrest, was also dependent on activation of both PKA and Epac. Rap1 inhibition with Rap1GAP or siRNA silencing did not negate forskolin-induced inhibition of Rb-hyperphosphorylation, BrdU incorporation or stellate morphology. This data demonstrates for the first time that Epac synergises with PKA via a Rap1-independent mechanism to mediate cAMP-induced growth arrest in VSMC. This work highlights the role of Epac as a major player in cAMP-dependent growth arrest in VSMC.
Determining the Effects of High Phytase Levels and Feeding Duration on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Growing-Finishing Pigs (2019)

A total of 1,215 barrows and gilts (PIC; 359 × Camborough; initially 61.5 ± 1.02 lb) were used in a 126-d growth trial to determine the effects of high phytase levels and feeding duration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing- finishing pigs. Pens of pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments with 15 pens per treatment and 27 pigs per pen. The experimental diets were fed in four phases and based on corn, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and soybean meal. The 3 dietary treatments consisted of: 1) Control (diets formulated with no added phytase); 2) Grower phytase (diets formulated with 1,500 phytase units (FYT)/kg added phytase fed from d 0 to 57, then no phytase from d 57 to market); and 3) Grow-finish phytase (diets formulated with 1,500 FYT/kg added phytase fed throughout the entire study). The phytase-containing diets had the addition of 1,500 FYT/kg of Ronozyme HiPhos 2500 (DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., Parsippany, NJ) with assumed release values of 0.146% standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P, 0.166% available P, 0.102% STTD calcium, 24 kcal/lb of metabolizable energy, 19 kcal/lb of net energy, and 0.0217, 0.0003, 0.00886, 0.0224, 0.0056, 0.0122, and 0.0163% digestible Lys, Met, Met + Cys, Thr, Trp, Ile, and Val, respectively. Beef tallow and feed grade amino acids were added to the diets without phytase to balance the net energy and standardized ileal digestible (SID) amino acid concentrations across treatments. During the grower period (d 0 to 57) pigs fed the control diets with no added phytase had increased average daily gain (ADG) compared to pigs fed phytase in the grower period, with pigs fed phytase in the grower and finishing stages intermediate. Pigs fed the phytase-containing diets had poorer feed efficiency (F/G) compared to pigs fed the control diets with no phytase. During the finisher period, ADG and F/G were similar between pigs fed the control and grower phytase treatments, and both were better (P < 0.05) than for pigs fed the phytase in grower and finisher. Overall, pigs fed diets with no phytase and pigs that were only fed phytase in the grower period had improved (P < 0.05) ADG and F/G than pigs fed the phytase-containing diets fed until market. There was a marginally significant (P < 0.10) treatment effect on hot carcass weight (HCW), with pigs fed the control and grower phytase treatments having greater HCW
Sync for Genes: Making Clinical Genomics Available for Precision Medicine at the Point-of-Care (2020)

Precision medicine is a rapidly evolving field, and there is opportunity to continue maturing health data standards for the exchange of necessary genomic data, increasing the likelihood that the standard supports the needs of users.
Simultaneous Measurements of Cerebral Blood Flow by the Xenon/ CT Method and the Microsphere Method (1985)

Simultaneous measurements of cerebral blood flow have been performed in baboons to assess the correlation between the acute and invasive nondiffusible microsphere technique and the noninvasive xenon-enhanced CT method. Blood flows in small tissue volumes (approximately 1 cm3) were directly compared. The results of these studies demonstrate a statistically significant association between the two methods (P less than .001). Similar correlations were obtained by both the Kendall tau (tau) and the Spearman (r) methods. The problems and limitations of such correlations are discussed.
The CtBP family: enigmatic and enzymatic transcriptional co‐repressors (2001)

Transcription factors that associate with DNA sequences in promoters and enhancers often recruit co-regulators that modulate their activity. Many of these co-regulators have intrinsic enzymatic activity and influence gene expression by modifying chromatin and altering its structure. Recently, a new family of co-repressors, the C-terminal binding proteins, has been described. These proteins recognize Pro-X-Asp-Leu-Ser (PXDLS) motifs in DNA-binding proteins and function as transcriptional co-repressors in Drosophila, Xenopus and mammals. The precise mechanisms by which they influence transcription are still under investigation. CtBP proteins dimerize and can contact histone deacetylases; hence they may operate by linking deacetylases to DNA-bound factors. But it appears that CtBP proteins also have intrinsic enzymatic activity. They have significant homology to D-isomer-specific 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenases, and remarkably one family member, rat CtBP, has been shown to have a second role, functioning as an acyl transferase in Golgi maintenance. These observations raise the possibility that CtBP proteins might regulate gene expression directly by means of their enzymatic activities, in addition to serving as simple bridging proteins. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the BioEssays homepage at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0265-9247/suppmat/v23_8.684.
The Effect of Ursodiol on the Efficacy and Safety of Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Lithotripsy of Gallstones (1990)

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy with ursodiol was more effective than lithotripsy alone for the treatment of symptomatic gallstones, and equally safe. Treatment was more effective for solitary than multiple stones, radiolucent than slightly calcified stones, and smaller than larger stones.
Iterativ Lernende Regelung einer Gang-Neuroprothese Iterative Learning Control of a Gait Neuroprosthesis (2008)

Zusammenfassung Dieser Beitrag beschreibt den Entwurf einer linearen Iterativ Lernenden Regelung (ILR) im Zeitbereich für die automatische Anpassung einer Neuroprothese bei Schlaganfallpatienten. Eine unzureichende Fußhebung in der Schwungphase des Ganges soll durch die gezielte Stimulation des Fußhebers kompensiert werden. Für die Erfassung des Gelenkwinkels wird ein neuartiges Messverfahren verwendet, bei welchem durch Bewegung hervorgerufene Bio-Impedanz-Änderungen im Bein registriert werden. Für die Regelung ist ferner eine Gangphasenerkennung mittels Drucksensoren unter der Fußsohle notwendig, um die Stimulation exakt mit der Schwungphase zu synchronisieren. Ein erster Test des Regelungskonzepts und des neuen Ansatzes zur Winkelmessung wurde an einem gesunden Probanden durchgeführt.
New Thrombin Inhibitors Based on D-CHA-PRO-Derivatives (1999)

A series of new analogs with modifications in the C-terminal residue were prepared based on the known thrombin inhibitor D-Phe-Pro-agmatine. These include several compounds alkylated at the N delta-, N omega- and N omega'-atoms of the guanidino group and a number of inhibitors derived from commercially available diamines. All analogs with alkylation of the guanidino group showed very poor activity. In contrast, the most potent and selective inhibitor with a cyclic and basic residue in the P1-position was found to be Ph-CH2-SO2-D-Cha-Pro-4-(amidomethyl) amidinopiperidine 11 with a Ki of 0.27 nM. In addition, a number of compounds were synthesized, in which the basic amidino group of the P1-residue was replaced by a hydroxyl group. Although the inhibition constants of these phenol derivatives showed still remarkable potency (16, Ki = 130 nM), their activity in clotting assays was strongly reduced.
Method of manufacturing a high temperature superconductor with improved transport properties (2023)

A method of preparing a high temperature superconductor. A method of preparing a superconductor includes providing a powdered high temperature superconductor and a nanophase paramagnetic material. These components are combined to form a solid compacted mass with the paramagnetic material disposed on the grain boundaries of the polycrystaline high temperature superconductor.
Two-stage response to endotoxin infusion into normal human subjects: Correlation of blood phagocyte luminescence with clinical and laboratory markers of the inflammatory, hemostatic response (2001)

Objective To characterize a two-stage response of normal human subjects to an intravenous bolus infusion of endotoxin by using phagocyte luminescence and molecular markers of hemostatic and inflammatory system, phagocyte, and endothelial cell perturbation. Design Prospective evaluation of the response of normal subjects to endotoxin. Setting Medical intensive care unit, university laboratories. Subjects Normal healthy male subjects ranging in age from 24 to 37 yrs. Measurements Luminescence measurements of phagocyte oxidase, oxidase-myeloperoxidase, opsonin receptor expression, clinical chemical and molecular markers of hemostatic and inflammatory system activation, phagocyte activation, and endothelial cell injury. Results Response to intravenous bolus endotoxin includes two stages. The symptomatic first stage (time [T]-0 to T + 8 hrs) included sharp rises in phagocyte oxidase, oxidase-myeloperoxidase, and opsonin receptor expression with the appearance of morphologic and molecular markers of hemostatic and inflammatory system activation, phagocyte activation, and endothelial cell injury. All variables with the exception of soluble thrombomodulin, soluble fibrin monomer, lactate, white cell count, and opsonin receptor expression returned to baseline by T + 8 hrs, by which time all acute clinical symptoms had disappeared. The asymptomatic second stage (T + 8–48 hrs) included a second peak of oxidase activity at T + 24 hrs with an elevated but declining lactate and opsonin receptor expression. This coincided with a second high peak of soluble fibrin monomer, sustained elevated concentrations of soluble thrombomodulin and plasma soluble tissue factor antigen, a decrease in factor VIIa concentration to 50% of baseline at T + 12–24 hrs, and an increase in C-reactive protein/C3d and C4d complexes, which peaked at T + 24 hrs. Conclusions The results suggest that the human response to endotoxin consists of a previously well-characterized, symptomatic, first stage acute inflammatory response followed by an asymptomatic second stage that is marked by a second peak of oxidase activity, a continued increase and sustained elevation of markers of hemostatic and complement system activation, and endothelial cell injury. We conclude that this second stage represents a recovery or reperfusion phase of a compensated response to endotoxin in which contact of the microvasculature perturbed during the first stage is reestablished with blood in a second asymptomatic stage.
Computing zeta functions of nondegenerate curves (2006)

We present a p-adic algorithm to compute the zeta function of a nondegenerate curve over a finite field using Monsky-Washnitzer cohomology. The paper vastly generalizes previous work since in practice all known cases, for example, hyperelliptic, superelliptic, and Cab curves, can be transformed to fit the nondegenerate case. For curves with a fixed Newton polytope, the property of being nondegenerate is generic, so that the algorithm works for almost all curves with given Newton polytope. For a genus g curve over Fpn, the expected running time is Õ(n3g6 + n2g6.5), whereas the space complexity amounts to Õ(n3g4), assuming p is fixed.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of α‐Chloroketones by the Chloroacetate Claisen Reaction. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Differences in SMN1 allele frequencies among ethnic groups within North America (2009)

Differences in the frequency of SMA carriers were significant among several ethnic groups. This study provides an accurate assessment of allele frequencies and estimates of adjusted genetic risk that were previously unavailable to clinicians and patients considering testing.
Problem Existing in Graduation Theses at Vocational Colleges and Its Countermeasures (2011)

The paper discusses the general problems existing in the graduation theses at vocational colleges at present,analyzes the reasons of quality decline of the graduation theses,and puts forward the countermeasures to improve the quality in this regard.
Ylenes in the MII→SiIV (M=Si, Ge, Sn) Coordination Mode (2010)

The reaction of the methimazolyl (mt, i.e., 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazolide) substituted silane Si(mt)(4) with SnCl(2) and GeCl(2) in dioxane affords the paddlewheel-shaped complexes [ClSi(μ-mt)(4)MCl] (M=Sn (1) and Ge (2), respectively). These compounds represent the first crystallographically characterized hexacoordinate silicon complexes comprising a Sn or Ge atom in the Si coordination sphere. An attempt to synthesize the related silicon compound 3 [ClSi(μ-mt)(4)SiCl] instead afforded the trisilane [ClSi(μ-mt)(4)Si-SiCl(3)] (3a), which provides the first crystallographic evidence for the feasibility of oligosilanes with adjacent hexacoordinate Si atoms. One of the hexacoordinate Si atoms of 3a features the unprecedented (Si(2)S(4))Si skeleton. Natural bonding orbital (NBO) analyses of compounds 1, 2, 3a (and the target compound 3) revealed characteristics of M(II)→Si(IV) (for 2 and 3) or M(I)→Si(IV) (for 3a) dative bonding in the systems with M=Si and Ge, whereas compound 1 exhibits a covalent Sn(III)-Si(III) bond.
Adversarial Attack on Microarchitectural Events based Malware Detectors (2019)

To overcome the performance overheads incurred by the traditional software-based malware detection techniques, Hardware-assisted Malware Detection (HMD) using machine learning (ML) classifiers has emerged as a panacea to detect malicious applications and secure the systems. To classify benign and malicious applications, HMD primarily relies on the generated low-level microarchitectural events captured through Hardware Performance Counters (HPCs). This work creates an adversarial attack on the HMD systems to tamper the security by introducing the perturbations in the HPC traces with the aid of an adversarial sample generator application. To craft the attack, we first deploy an adversarial sample predictor to predict the adversarial HPC pattern for a given application to be misclassified by the deployed ML classifier in the HMD. Further, as the attacker has no direct access to manipulate the HPCs generated during runtime, based on the output of the adversarial sample predictor, we devise an adversarial sample generator wrapped around a normal application to produce HPC patterns similar to the adversarial predictor HPC trace. As the crafted adversarial sample generator application does not have any malicious operations, it is not detectable with traditional signature-based malware detection solutions. With the proposed attack, malware detection accuracy has been reduced to 18.04% from 82.76%.
The Optimum Design of a 6 DOF Fully-Parallel Micromanipulator for Enhanced Robot Accuracy (1989)

Abstract The micromanipulator is a small amplitude, high resolution motion device to enhance robot accuracy by providing fine adjustments for precise error compensation and delicate force control. This paper addresses design objectives and optimization procedures for design of a unique 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) fully-parallel micromanipulator. Using kinematic and dynamic modeling analysis, optimum geometric parameters are found which satisfy the desired motion range, effective force and velocity transmission and minimum input loading due to the bending of flexural joints. Computer simulations, optimization theory, and the finite element method are used to model, synthesize, and analyze micromanipulator components. Internal force analysis is performed to design the hardware components for critical load conditions. Using a CAD/CAM system, a full scale model of the mechanism has been created, and local stress and deflection analysis has been performed on the critical components.
MANUFACTURING OF SIZE CONTROLLED MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES POTENTIALLY SUITABLE FOR THE PREPARATION OF AQUEOUS MAGNETIC FLUIDS (2006)

Abstract. The effect of a biocompatible, water-soluble functionalised biopolysaccharide, carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) on the particle size and morphology of magnetite nanoparticles (d ≤ 8 nm) synthesised in aqueous solutions has been systematically studied. Addition of the polysaccharide to the system resulted in significant decrease in the particle diameter (down to ca. 2.8 nm). The average particle size is independent of the degree of functionalisation and the molar weight of the polymer, but decreases systematically with the increasing concentration of CMC. Thus tailor made magnetite nanoparticles with 2.8 nm ≤ d ≤ 7.5 nm is possible to synthesize with addition of controlled amount of CMC to the reaction mixture.
The Journal Bioinformatics, key medium for computational biology (2002)

How can we improve Bioinformatics, the journal, so that it becomes a premier communication medium for computational research in biology, the 'Nature' or 'Cell' of bioinformatics?At the transition '01/'02, we are taking a number of steps toward this end and others will follow during the year.
Parallel volume rendering using binary-swap compositing (1994)

We describe a parallel volume-rendering algorithm, which consists of two parts: parallel ray tracing and parallel compositing. In the most recent implementation on Connection Machine's CM-5 and networked workstations, the parallel volume renderer evenly distributes data to the computing resources available. Without the need to communicate with other processing units, each subvolume is ray traced locally and generates a partial image. The parallel compositing process then merges all resulting partial images in depth order to produce the complete image. The compositing algorithm is particularly effective for massively parallel processing, as it always uses all processing units by repeatedly subdividing the partial images and distributing them to the appropriate processing units. Test results on both the CM-5 and the workstations are promising. They do, however, expose different performance issues for each platform.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>