gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An integrated circuit for multiplexing and driving injection lasers (1982)

A monolithic silicon integrated circuit has been designed to provide feedback-stabilized biasing and high-speed modulation for semiconductor injection lasers. The circuit is capable of selecting and controlling any one of a group of four lasers, and in the event of laser darkening it automatically switches to a replacement laser. The laser driver consists of a high-speed modulator and a feedback loop that incorporates the selected laser and an external backlight photodetector. The feedback controls the bias current of the laser so as to stabilize its light output against variations due to aging, replacement, or environmental changes. The feedback loop itself is compensated to allow arbitrary variation in the duty cycle or frequency of the modulation signal. Prototypes of the laser driver have been integrated in a junction-isolated bipolar technology. The integrated circuit is capable of supplying bias currents of 500 mA and modulation currents as high as 100 mA. At lower currents, modulation rates in excess of 100 Mbits/s have been achieved.
2512 Development of Riding Simulator for Two Wheel Vehicles (2000)

This paper describes development of a riding simulator for two-wheeled vehicles. The riding simulator, which we have constructed, can give pseudo-experience to riders of two-wheeled vehicles. And, it is possible to use human factor analysis for riders to control two-wheeled vehicles. In this study, we construct the equations of motion for lateral control using reassignment of characteristic roots. And, the scale factors to the vehicle behavior are decided from the subjective evaluation.
Fabrication of low dark-count PureB single-photon avalanche diodes (2014)

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) have been fabricated in Si by using PureB (Pure Boron) chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) to create both a nanometer-thin anode junction and robust light-entrance window. The device is sensitive to low-penetration-depth radiation such as UV light and low-energy electrons. Ideal I-V characteristics are obtained for operation in Geiger mode, whereas biasing is well above the breakdown voltage. The dark count rate (DCR) can be as low as 5 Hz at room temperature for an active area of 7 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . An implicit guard ring as small as 0.5 μm wide is implemented using an n-enhancement implantation in the central region of the diode, thus achieving a high fill-factor.
Growth and Hydrogen Sensing Properties Of Carbon Nanotubes Using A MEMS Process (2006)

A process for integration of a multiwall carbon nanotubes film with a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) resistive heating device has been developed for implementation of a chemical sensing system. MEMS micro-heaters were designed for use both as a local temperature heating unit to control carbon nanotubes growth and as a pulse heating source for resetting sensors during operation. As an example, hydrogensensing experiments were performed in this device. Room temperature detection down to 100 ppm and sensor recovery time around 60 seconds at 100 °C pulsing heating has been observed.
Driver response to different railroad crossing protection systems (1982)

Abstract The speed of 367 drivers was observed on a rural road in the approach zone of a railroad crossing under three different protection systems: passive protection consisting of signs only, active protection with flashing red lights and active protection with flashing lights and half-gates. The two active systems were observed both when the lights were flashing and the gates were lowered as well as when the lights were off and the gates were raised. Significant differences in speed among the five conditions were observed as far as 200 m away from the tracks. Drivers slowed before crossing the tracks under all conditions: speed reduction being the largest when the lights were on and the gates lowered, and the smallest when the lights were off and the gates were raised. All drivers came to a full stop when the lights flashed, but over a third then went on to cross the tracks. Additional findings are discussed.
AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC ON A SUPER-MOTORWAY SYSTEM (1972)

If present trends in traffic development are to be continued in future without restraint, then the results will be unacceptable socially. One of the future solutions could be a fully automatic traffic system. More attention should be paid to the indirect aspects, such as environmental pollution, fatalities, etc. Research is needed into the willingness of the individual to accept collective measures. A future transport system with electronic control is outlined. /TRRL/
Size-Control by Anion Templating in Mechanochemical Synthesis of Hemicucurbiturils in the Solid State (2018)

Self-organization is one of the most intriguing phenomena of chemical matter. While the self-assembly of macrocycles and cages in dilute solution has been extensively studied, it remains poorly understood in solvent-free environments. Here, we provide the first example of using anionic templates to achieve selective assembly of differently sized macrocycles in a solvent-free system. Using the acid-catalyzed synthesis of cyclohexanohemicucurbiturils as a model system, we demonstrate size-controlled quantitative synthesis of 6- or 8-membered macrocycles, taking place through spontaneous anion-directed re-organization of mechanochemically-obtained oligomers in the solid state.
Local neuronal circuitry underlying cholinergic rhythmical slow activity in CA3 area of rat hippocampal slices. (1989)

1. Intracellular and extracellular recordings were obtained from the CA3 area of rat hippocampal slices to study cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying rhythmic slow activity (RSA). In all impaled CA3 pyramidal neurones, continuous applications of carbachol, a non-hydrolysable cholinergic agonist, induced first a brief non-rhythmic excitation and then periodic bursts of RSA which could persist for several hours. Each burst of RSA consisted of 4-10 Hz oscillatory depolarizations which had a rise time much slower than conventional EPSPs recorded in the same cell. 2. The carbachol-induced RSA was blocked by atropine; therefore the cholinergic stimulation involved muscarinic receptors. 3. Analyses of simultaneous recordings from pairs of neurones, or a neurone and a glial cell, or a neurone and the extracellular field, indicated that carbachol-induced RSA was synchronous in a large population of CA3 pyramidal neurones. 4. Complete removal of the dentate gyrus and CA1 region did not block carbachol-induced RSA in CA3, but applications of tetrodotoxin or inorganic Ca2+ channel blockers (Cd2+, Co2+ or Mn2+) abolished carbachol-induced RSA. This suggested that the RSA involved propagation of action potentials through a local synaptic network in the CA3 area. 5. Carbachol-induced RSA was reversibly blocked by a broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist (kynurenic acid), but not by two selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists (DL-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid or DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid), a GABAA antagonist (bicuculline), or a GABAB antagonist (phaclofen), suggesting that carbachol-induced RSA involved primarily non-NMDA excitatory amino acid, but not GABAergic, synapses. 6. Raising extracellular [Ca2+] beyond 7 mM, which should significantly weaken the polysynaptic recurrent excitation among CA3 pyramidal neurones, abolished carbachol-induced RSA. This suggests that the recurrent excitation among CA3 pyramidal neurones is necessary for carbachol-induced RSA in the CA3 area. However, our experiments cannot clarify whether the recurrent excitation, alone, is sufficient for carbachol-induced RSA.
Wireless Energy Efficiency Evaluation for Buildings Under Design Based on Analysis of Interference Gain (2020)

In this paper, we present part of our ground-breaking work that bridges building design and wireless network deployment. The original contributions lie in: i) defining interference gain (IG) as an intrinsic figure of merit (FoM) of a building's wireless performance in terms of interference signal blockage; ii) developing analytic models to calculate IG; and iii) developing a novel method to calculate the optimum transmitting power to achieve the maximum IG of a building. The IG is derived as an integral transform of the probability density function (PDF) of the distance from a probe user equipment (UE) with a random position relative to a wall, and with a uniformly distributed direction. Furthermore, the PDF of the random distance is derived in closed-form for rectangular rooms to facilitate fast computation of the IG of a building under design (BUD) tiled by rectangular rooms and corridors. For BUD with irregular rooms, a random shooting algorithm (RSA) is proposed to numerically compute the PDF. The closed-form expression and the RSA are compared and validated. Numerical results show the validity of both the model to calculate IG and the methodology to derive the optimum transmitting power to achieve the maximum IG of a given building. The results shed light to architects on how to design buildings with desirable wireless performance and for radio engineers on how densely wireless access points can be deployed to approach the intrinsic wireless performance of a building.
Blowout in Gas Storage Caverns (2014)

A small number of blowouts from gas storage caverns have been described in the literature. Gas flow lasted several days before the caverns were emptied. In this paper, we suggest simplified methods that allow for computing blowout duration, and evolution of gas temperature and pressure in the cavern and in the well. This method is used to compute air flow from an abandoned mine, an accident described by Van Sambeek in 2009, and a natural gas blowout in an underground storage facility in Kansas. The case of a hydrogen storage cavern also is considered, as it is known that hydrogen depressurization can lead, in certain cases, to an increase in hydrogen temperature.
Antibodies Enhance the Suppressive Activity of Extracellular Vesicles in Mouse Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (2021)

Previously, we showed that mouse delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) can be antigen-specifically downregulated by suppressor T cell-derived miRNA-150 carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) that target antigen-presenting macrophages. However, the exact mechanism of the suppressive action of miRNA-150-targeted macrophages on effector T cells remained unclear, and our current studies aimed to investigate it. By employing the DTH mouse model, we showed that effector T cells were inhibited by macrophage-released EVs in a miRNA-150-dependent manner. This effect was enhanced by the pre-incubation of EVs with antigen-specific antibodies. Their specific binding to MHC class II-expressing EVs was proved in flow cytometry and ELISA-based experiments. Furthermore, by the use of nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy, we found that the incubation of macrophage-released EVs with antigen-specific antibodies resulted in EVs' aggregation, which significantly enhanced their suppressive activity in vivo. Nowadays, it is increasingly evident that EVs play an exceptional role in intercellular communication and selective cargo transfer, and thus are considered promising candidates for therapeutic usage. However, EVs appear to be less effective than their parental cells. In this context, our current studies provide evidence that antigen-specific antibodies can be easily used for increasing EVs' biological activity, which has great therapeutic potential.
Treatment of Midshaft Clavicle Fractures: Application of Local Autograft With Concurrent Plate Fixation (2016)

Currently, open reduction-internal fixation using contoured plates or intramedullary nails is considered the standard operative treatment for midshaft clavicle fractures because of the immediate rigid stability provided by the fixation device. In addition, autologous iliac crest bone graft has proved to augment osteosynthesis during internal fixation of nonunion fractures through the release of osteogenic factors. The purpose of this article is to describe a surgical technique developed to reduce donor-site morbidity and improve functional and objective outcomes after open reduction-internal fixation with autologous bone graft placement through local autograft harvesting and concurrent plate fixation.
A 13C NMR spectroscopy study of the structure of N-H pyrazoles and indazoles (1993)

The 13 C chemical shifts and some 1 H– 13 C coupling constants of 23 pyrazoles and indazoles are reported and discussed. The spectra were recorded in CDCl 3 and in DMSO-d 6 solutions and, in several cases, also in the solid state (CP/MAS technique). These data allow us to determine the tautomerism of these compounds in the solid state (usually only one tautomer) and in solution. The position of the tautomeric equilibrium is related to the Hammett σ m value of the 3(5)-substituent.
Key processes in ruthenium-catalysed olefin metathesis (2014)

While the fundamental series of [2+2]cycloadditions and retro[2+2]cycloadditions that make up the pathways of ruthenium-catalysed metathesis reactions is well-established, the exploration of mechanistic aspects of alkene metathesis continues. In this Feature Article, modern mechanistic studies of the alkene metathesis reaction, catalysed by well-defined ruthenium complexes, are discussed. Broadly, these concern the processes of pre-catalyst initiation, propagation and decomposition, which all have a considerable impact on the overall efficiency of metathesis reactions.
PIV measurement of high-Reynolds-number homogeneous and isotropic turbulence in an enclosed flow apparatus with fan agitation (2016)

Enclosed flow apparatuses with negligible mean flow are emerging as alternatives to wind tunnels for laboratory studies of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence (HIT) with or without aerosol particles, especially in experimental validation of Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). It is desired that these flow apparatuses generate HIT at high Taylor-microscale Reynolds numbers () and enable accurate measurement of turbulence parameters including kinetic energy dissipation rate and thereby . We have designed an enclosed, fan-driven, highly symmetric truncated-icosahedron 'soccer ball' airflow apparatus that enables particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) and other whole-field flow measurement techniques. To minimize gravity effect on inertial particles and improve isotropy, we chose fans instead of synthetic jets as flow actuators. We developed explicit relations between and physical as well as operational parameters of enclosed HIT chambers. To experimentally characterize turbulence in this near-zero-mean flow chamber, we devised a new two-scale PIV approach utilizing two independent PIV systems to obtain both high resolution and large field of view. Velocity measurement results show that turbulence in the apparatus achieved high homogeneity and isotropy in a large central region (48 mm diameter) of the chamber. From PIV-measured velocity fields, we obtained turbulence dissipation rates and thereby by using the second-order velocity structure function. A maximum of 384 was achieved. Furthermore, experiments confirmed that the root mean square (RMS) velocity increases linearly with fan speed, and increases with the square root of fan speed. Characterizing turbulence in such apparatus paves the way for further investigation of particle dynamics in particle-laden homogeneous and isotropic turbulence.
V, Nb, and Ta (2005)

We describe the sources, refining, fundamental properties, and engineering uses for vanadium, niobium (columbium), and tantalum (Ta). Emphasis is given to: ferrovanadium and ferroniobium alloying additions to steel for grain refinement, carbide formation, suppression of weld sensitization, and production of tool steels superconducting alloys and intermetallic compounds high temperature mechanical behavior corrosion resistance use of Ta and Ta oxide in capacitors and weapons the effect of interstitial impurity atoms, particularly oxygen, on mechanical properties
A New Approach to Data Sharing and Distributed Ledger Technology: A Clinical Trial Use Case (2021)

Distributed systems have always presented complex challenges, and technology trends are in many ways making the software designer's job more difficult. In particular, today's systems must successfully handle.
TESTE DE CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE CAPITÃO (Zinnia elegans) (2016)

Para auxiliar empresas produtoras de sementes na identificacao rapida do vigor de lotes existem testes a serem utilizados. Neste cenario, a condutividade eletrica e um teste rapido, de facil execucao e eficiente, apresentando assim potencial para ser empregado no controle de qualidade destas empresas, no entanto ha fatores do teste que podem afetar os resultados obtidos. O objetivo do trabalho foi a caracterizacao do potencial fisiologico de um lote e avaliar o efeito do volume de agua e do tempo de embebicao na condutividade eletrica da solucao, para avaliacao do vigor em sementes de Zinnia elegans, especie que tem se destacado no cenario de plantas ornamentais do Brasil.  Incialmente foi determinado o teor de agua das sementes utilizadas. Para caracterizacao das sementes foram realizados os testes de primeira contagem de germinacao, germinacao e indice de velocidade de germinacao. Avaliou-se entao o teste de condutividade eletrica com 25 sementes, variando o volume de agua, 25 e 50 mL, bem como o periodo de embebicao, de 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48 e 72 horas. O periodo de 24 horas mostrou-se promissor para avaliacao da qualidade fisiologica. E o volume de agua de 25 mL apresentou maior correlacao com os testes de germinacao e primeira contagem. Assim o teste de condutividade eletrica para sementes desta especie deve ser realizado utilizando-se 25 sementes embebidas em 25 mL de agua e a leitura da condutividade eletrica lida apos 24 horas de embebicao na temperatura de 25 °C.
Light Harvesting as a Simple and Versatile Way to Enhance Brightness of Luminescent Sensors (2009)

The emissive output of indicator dyes in luminescent sensors can be amplified by the addition of antenna dyes with a higher brightness. The highly concentrated antenna dye molecules absorb the excitation light and transfer the energy to an indicator dye. This harvesting of light makes thin sensor layers (thickness <500 nm) and nanometer sized sensor particles with exceptionally high brightness and compatible with the most powerful LEDs available. The performance of sensor layers of ∼250 nm thickness employing light harvesting was investigated and compared with established sensors. The principle is demonstrated for oxygen and ammonia sensors. An overview of possible application of light harvesting to various reagent mediated optical sensing schemes is given.
Health is wealth! Is wealth health? (2008)

Current demographic analyses of the world population show a considerable increase in life expectancy of the general population in nearly all regions of the world. Consequently, "Health Economy", defined as "Provision and marketing of goods and services in order to support the maintenance and restoration of health", has become the megatrend of the millenium. This holds true not only for national economies and GDPs, but also - in qualitative terms - for the elderly generation. Guestimates on the purchasing power of the elderly generation show a threefold higher figure compared to the actual working population, at least in the Western hemisphere. A globally organized wellness industry will profit from this situation. However, the increased morbidity of the elderly generation requires enormous financial endeavours to provide resources not only for healthcare programmes, such as disease prevention, healthcare education and improvement in quality-of-life pattern, but also for the development of sophisticated medical devices and therapies which are closely adapted to the needs of the elderly. The notion "Wealth is health" is valid indeed and so is "Health is wealth". Wellness, not just sickness, will determine the lifestyle of coming elderly generations.
c-Jun N-terminal Kinase 3 Deficiency Protects Neurons from Axotomy-induced Death in Vivo through Mechanisms Independent of c-Jun Phosphorylation (2004)

Both the transcription factor c-Jun and the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) have been associated with neuronal loss in several death paradigms. JNK are key regulators of c-Jun and a common accepted model has been that JNKs mediate neuronal death through modulation of c-Jun activation. In the present study, we examined whether JNK2 and -3 (JNK members most associated with neuronal loss) deficiency can rescue neuronal loss caused by facial and sciatic nerve axotomy in the neonate in vivo. JNK2, JNK3, and JNK2/3 double-deficient neurons displayed significantly less death in the facial nerves of the CNS when compared with controls. JNK2 and JNK2/3 double-deficient animals also showed reduced c-Jun phosphorylation and induction following axotomy, consistent with the model that JNK acts to regulate death by activating c-Jun. Of significance, however, protection of facial nerves in JNK3-deficient animals was not accompanied by reduction in c-Jun activation. These results suggest that JNKs can mediate death independently of c-Jun. Importantly, the lack of correlation between JNK3 deficiency and c-Jun induction was not universal. In a sciatic axotomy model of neuronal injury in the neonate, death of DRG neurons was also reduced by JNK3 deficiency. However, in this case, c-Jun activation was also eliminated.
VMware Server Consolidation; Terminal Services Thin Clients (2014)

"Submitted to\nthe Faculty of the Information Technology Program\nin Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for\nthe Degree of Bachelor of Science\nin Information Technology"
Mcl-1 regulates survival and sensitivity to diverse apoptotic stimuli in human non-small cell lung cancer cells (2005)

Overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and deregulation of the pathways that regulate pro-apoptotic family members have been observed in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Previous reports have identified both Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) proteins as survival factors in lung cancer cells since reductions in these proteins can induce apoptosis and sensitize lung cancer cells to apoptosis induced by chemotherapy agents. Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), another member of the Bcl-2 family, has been found to be a critical survival factor in hematopoietic cells, yet little data exists for a role of Mcl-1 in human lung cancers. We used NSCLC cell lines to explore how Mcl-1 levels affect lung cancer cell survival and studied tumors from patients to determine expression patterns of Mcl-1. NSCLC cells express abundant Mcl-1 protein and depletion of Mcl-1 levels by antisense Mcl-1 oligonucleotides induces apoptosis in A549 and H1299 lung cancer cells. Reduction in Mcl-1 levels can sensitize lung cancer cells to apoptosis induced by cytotoxic agents as well as by ionizing radiation. Lung cancer cells overexpressing Mcl-1 are less sensitive to apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents, ZD1839 (an inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase) and Bcl-2 or Bcl-x(L) antisense oligonucleotides. We find that epidermal growth factor (EGF) can enhance Mcl-1 protein levels in an ERK-dependent manner. Signal transduction agents that reduce Mcl-1 levels correlated with their individual ability to induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Finally, NSCLC tumors taken directly from patients have elevated levels of Mcl-1 protein compared with normal adjacent lung tissue. Therefore, agents that target Mcl-1 can induce apoptosis and sensitize cells to apoptosis induced by cytotoxic agents. Mcl-1 protein is overexpressed in a subset of human NSCLC and enhanced levels of Mcl-1 may protect lung cancer cells from death induced by a variety of pro-apoptotic stimuli.