gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy oximeter using high-speed, direct analog to digital conversion (2012)

A frequency-encoded frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) oximeter with two wavelengths has been constructed. The system digitizes the 67.5MHz and 75MHz waveforms using a high speed (180MSPS) 16-bit analog to digital converter.
Coronary artery calcium scoring in cardiovascular risk assessment of people with family histories of early onset coronary artery disease (2020)

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN 12614001294640; 11 December 2014 (prospective).
Management of a Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicle Fleet: Implications of Pricing Schemes (2016)

The market potential of a fleet of shared autonomous electric vehicles (SAEVs) is explored by using a multinomial logit mode choice model in an agent-based framework and different fare settings. The mode share of SAEVs in the simulated midsize city (modeled roughly after Austin, Texas) is predicted to lie between 14% and 39% when the SAEVs compete with privately owned, manually driven vehicles and city bus service. The underlying assumptions are that SAEVs are priced between $0.75/mi and $1.00/mi, which delivers significant net revenues to the fleet owner–operator under all modeled scenarios; that they have an 80-mi range and that Level 2 charging infrastructure is available; and that automation costs are up to $25,000 per vehicle. Various dynamic pricing schemes for SAEV fares indicate that specific fleet metrics can be improved with targeted strategies. For example, pricing strategies that attempt to balance available SAEV supply with anticipated trip demand can decrease average wait times by 19% to 23%. However, trade-offs exist within this price setting: fare structures that favor higher revenue-to-cost ratios—by targeting travelers with a high value of travel time (VOTT)—reduce SAEV mode shares, while those that favor larger mode shares—by appealing to a wider VOTT range—produce lower payback.
Polarimetric SAR interferometry (1998)

The authors examine the role of polarimetry in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry. They first propose a general formulation for vector wave interferometry that includes conventional scalar interferometry as a special case. Then, they show how polarimetric basis transformations can be introduced into SAR interferometry and applied to form interferograms between all possible linear combinations of polarization states. This allows them to reveal the strong polarization dependency of the interferometric coherence. They then solve the coherence optimization problem involving maximization of interferometric coherence and formulate a new coherent decomposition for polarimetric SAR interferometry that allows the separation of the effective phase centers of different scattering mechanisms. A simplified stochastic scattering model for an elevated forest canopy is introduced to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. In this way, they demonstrate the importance of wave polarization for the physical interpretation of SAR interferograms. They investigate the potential of polarimetric SAR interferometry using results from the evaluation of fully polarimetric interferometric shuttle imaging radar (SIR)-C/X-SAR data collected during October 8-9, 1994, over the SE Baikal Lake Selenga delta region of Buriatia, Southeast Siberia, Russia.
Adaptation of boosted pedestrian detectors by feature reselection (2012)

Adaptation of pre-trained boosted pedestrian detectors to specific scenes is an important yet difficult task in computer vision. To address this problem, a feature reselection strategy is proposed in this paper. The proposed method identifies weak classifiers which do not well adapt to the specific scene, and replaces them with retrained weak classifiers. This feature reselection strategy has the following advantages: 1) it does not need original offline training data, but only uses a few online samples from the target scene; 2) the adapted detector preserves the generality of the generic detector, resulting in very few false positives; and 3) it can adapt a generic detector to a specific scene with very fast speed due to its parallel nature. Experiments on challenging pedestrian detection datasets demonstrate that our proposed strategy can significantly improve the performance of pre-trained boosted detectors in specific scenes with very low computation cost and very little labeling work.
A single-DOF vibration energy harvester for integrating into the parallel mechanism (2015)

In order to realize a six-degree-of-freedom (six-DOF) piezoelectric energy harvester through integrating six single-degree-of-freedom (single-DOF) piezoelectric energy harvesters into a parallel mechanism, which has six sensitive axes and broader bandwidth, a single-DOF piezoelectric energy harvester utilizing a clamped beam configuration is proposed in this paper. It consists of a proof mass and a corrugated clamped beam covered by piezoelectric patches, where the proof mass is mounted at the center of the beam. Compared to the conventional energy harvester, the proposed single-DOF vibration energy harvester has two parallelism mounting planes at the support of the beam and the mass, separately, and can be easily integrated into the parallel mechanism. The stiffness equation of the single-DOF piezoelectric energy harvester is established and analyzed. On this basis, the natural frequency and stress distribution of the harvester are investigated through analytical developments and numerical simulations. These results show that the proposed single-DOF vibration energy harvester has output with the excitation along its axis, while no outputs with the excitation perpendicular to the axis, and the natural frequency and stress distribution can be accurate estimated by the established theoretical models.
Digital Holography and 3D Imaging: introduction to the joint feature issue in Applied Optics and Journal of the Optical Society of America B (2017)

The OSA Topical Meeting on Digital Holography and 3D Imaging (DH) was held 25-28 July 2016 in Heidelberg, Germany, as part of the Imaging Congress. Feature issues based on the DH meeting series have been released by Applied Optics (AO) since 2007. This year, AO and the Journal of the Optical Society of America B (JOSA B) jointly decided to have one such feature issue in each journal. This feature issue includes 31 papers in AO and 11 in JOSA B, and covers a large range of topics, reflecting the rapidly expanding techniques and applications of digital holography and 3D imaging. The upcoming DH meeting (DH 2017) will be held from 29 May to 1 June in Jeju Island, South Korea.
Passage of Dengue Virus Type 4 Vaccine Candidates in Fetal Rhesus Lung Cells Selects Heparin-Sensitive Variants That Result in Loss of Infectivity and Immunogenicity in Rhesus Macaques (2009)

Three dengue virus type 4 (DENV-4) vaccine candidates containing deletions in the 3' noncoding region were prepared by passage in DBS-FRhL-2 (FRhL) cells. Unexpectedly, these vaccine candidates and parental DENV-4 similarly passaged in the same cells failed to elicit either viremia or a virus-neutralizing antibody response. Consensus sequence analysis revealed that each of the three viruses, as well as the parental DENV-4 when passaged in FRhL cells, rapidly acquired a single Glu327-Gly substitution in domain III (DIII) of the envelope protein (E). These variants appear to have accumulated in response to growth adaptation to FRhL cells as shown by growth analysis, and the mutation was not detected in the virus following passage in C6/36 cells, primary African green monkey kidney cells, or Vero cells. The Glu327-Gly substitution was predicted by molecular modeling to increase the net positive charge on the surface of E. The Glu(327)-Gly variant of the full-length DENV-4 selected after three passages in FRhL cells showed increased affinity for heparan sulfate compared to the unpassaged DENV-4, as measured by heparin binding and infectivity inhibition assays. Evidence indicates that the Glu327-Gly mutation in DIII of the DENV-4 E protein was responsible for reduced infectivity and immunogenicity in rhesus monkeys. Our results point out the importance of cell substrates for vaccine preparation since the virus may change during passages in certain cells through adaptive selection, and such mutations may affect cell tropism, virulence, and vaccine efficacy.
A survey on context-aware systems (2007)

Context-aware systems offer entirely new opportunities for application developers and for end users by gathering context data and adapting systems behaviour accordingly. Especially in combination with mobile devices, these mechanisms are of high value and are used to increase usability tremendously. In this paper, we present common architecture principles of context-aware systems and derive a layered conceptual design framework to explain the different elements common to most context-aware architectures. Based on these design principles, we introduce various existing context-aware systems focusing on context-aware middleware and frameworks, which ease the development of context-aware applications. We discuss various approaches and analyse important aspects in context-aware computing on the basis of the presented systems.
Heterogeneous Catalysis at an Atomic Scale (1995)

Abstract For the overwhelming majority of processes in modern chemical and petrochemical industry, the presence of an active and selective catalyst is crucial. In the USA the total value of products from catalytic processes has been estimated to be roughly 9·10 11 $ per year, corresponding to 17% of the GNP. An arsenal of modern methods enables the physical chemist to characterize active sites and chemisorption complexes; quantum chemical calculations increasingly lead to concrete predictions. The key issue remains, however, to unravel reaction mechanism and to use this knowledge for the design of superior catalysts. In the present paper some challenging problems are addressed: How does a “promoter” in a Rh/NaY catalyst direct CO hydrogenation towards synthesis of ethanol and ethyl acetate? How does NO x decompose over Cu/ZSM 5 catalysts and how is its reduction to N 2 enhanced by O 2 ? How does the isomerization of butane to isobutane avoid primary carbenium ions over some acid catalysts, why are other catalysts with stronger acid sites less active?
[Molecular defects in familial LCAT deficiency]. (1993)

Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is the enzyme that catalyzes the esterification of free cholesterol in plasma lipoproteins. Familial LCAT deficiency, which is a rare hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, is characterized by corneal opacity, anemia and frequently, though not invariably, renal failure. Recently, LCAT cDNA and gene have been cloned. Studies on DNA samples from unrelated patients with familial LCAT deficiency and fish eye disease, which is characterized by severe corneal opacity alone, revealed both diseases to be caused by respective mutations of the LCAT gene. It is suspected that defect or functional abnormality of LCAT, caused by these genetic defects, underlie the various clinical and biochemical characteristics observed in LCAT deficiency or fish eye disease.
Phase II trial of bevacizumab (B) plus everolimus (E) for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). (2010)

3535 Background: For patients (pts) with mCRC, treatment options are absent after progression on 5-FU, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, bevacizumab, and cetuximab/panitumumab. Preclinical data demonstrate combined VEGF and mTOR inhibition has greater antiangiogenic and antitumor activity than either monotherapy, and phase I data demonstrated that the combination of B + E is safe and generally well tolerated. This phase II trial evaluates efficacy and tolerability of B+E in mCRC patients who have progressed on standard therapies. Methods: 50 pts with refractory mCRC were treated with B 10 mg/kg q2 wks and E 10 mg PO QD until progression. Blood, skin, and tumor biopsies pre- and on-treatment were collected for markers of response and resistance. Results: 47 of 50 pts had prior B exposure; 42 pts had previously progressed on B. Median number of prior regimens was 4. Although no complete or partial responses were seen, 46% of pts achieved disease control for a median duration of 6.1 months (mos) (range 2.3-12.6): 8 pts had minor responses (median duration of response 4.1 mos, range 2.3-11.9+) and an additional 15 patients had SD (median duration of response 6.7 mos, range 3.2-12.6+). Three patients with prolonged stable disease have been on treatment > 1 year. There was one grade (Gr) 4 adverse event (AE) of hypokalemia. Noteworthy grade 3 AEs related to treatment were hypertension (n = 7), mucositis/proctitis (n = 3), fistula/abcess (n = 3), bowel perforation (n = 1), azotemia/proteinuria (n = 2), fatigue (n = 2), thrombocytopenia (n = 2), hyperglycemia (n = 6), hypokalemia (n = 6), hypophosphatemia (n = 2), hyperlipidemia (n = 3) and hyperbilirubinemia (n = 2). There was one Gr 3 event each of rhabdomyolysis, neuropathy, volume depletion, prolonged QT interval, GI hemorrhage and neutropenia. Other events of interest were: Gr 1-2 mucositis (68%, n = 34), Gr 1-2 hyperlipidemia (64%, n = 32). Biomarker data is pending. Conclusions: B + E has promising activity in refractory mCRC (even in pts who have progressed on a B-based regimen) with a disease control rate of 46%, suggesting B + E may overcome resistance to B. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech, Novartis, Roche Genentech, Novartis, Roche Genentech, Novartis
Composition and Utilization of Poultry By-Product and Hydrolyzed Feather Meal in Broiler Diets (1975)

The proximate analysis with standard errors of 201 samples of poultry by-product and hydrolyzed feather meal (PBHFM) is presented. The metabolizable energy of this product was determined to be 2708 kcal. /kg . Eight experiments were conducted to investigate the role of PBHFM in the diet of broiler chicks. Experiments 1–3 indicated that 10% PBHFM could replace a protein equivalent amount of soybean meal without deleterious effects. The necessity of lysine supplementation in diets containing adequate methionine was demonstrated in experiments 4–6. In experiment 7 the addition of 10.9% PBHFM which replaced all the soybean meal in the starter diet of chicks when supplemented with methionine and lysine to requirement resulted in equal performance as measured by body weight, feed efficiency, performance index (PI), eviscerated meat ratio (EMR) and % grade A carcasses. Supplementary isoleucine or threonine fed singly or in combination did not stimulate the growth of chicks fed a diet containing 10.9% PBHFM.
c-Myc down-regulation is involved in proteasome inhibitor-mediated enhancement of radiotherapeutic efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (2011)

In this study, the effect of MG132 (carbobenzoxyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-leucinal-H) at a low dose on radiotherapeutic efficacy and its accurate mechanism of radiosensitization were investigated in human non-small cell lung cancer. The effect of MG132 on ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cytotoxicity, cell proliferation and survival of A549 cells was evaluated. The protein expression modulated by MG132 and IR were inspected by Western blot analysis. To determine in vivo radiotherapeutic efficacy, tumor growth delay was analyzed in a A549 tumor-bearing xenograft mouse model after single or repeated treatment of MG132 and/or IR. Induction of apoptosis and change of c-Myc expression in the tumor tissue was explored by histological analysis. MG132 at a non-toxic dose enhanced the radiation-induced cytotoxicity of A549 cells, accompanying a significant decrease of c-Myc expression. Suppression of c-Myc expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) displayed enhancement of radiosensitivity similarly to MG132 treatment. Tumor growth in the xenograft mice was markedly delayed by systemic administration of MG132 combined with IR. In vivo down-regulation of c-Myc and increased induction of apoptosis were simultaneously observed in the tumor tissues followed by combinational treatment of MG132 and IR. The results reveal a novel mechanism for proteasome inhibitor-mediated radiosensitization in which c-Myc down-regulation is involved.
Chemopreventive effects of curcumin on glandular stomach carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and sodium chloride in rats. (2002)

The modifying effects of pure curcumin on glandular stomach carcinogenesis were investigated during the post-initiation phase in male Wistar rats treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanisine (MNNG) and sodium chloride. A total of 110 male 6-week-old rats were divided into four groups. Groups 1-3 (consisting of 30 rats/group) were given MNNG in their drinking water at a concentration of 100 ppm and simultaneously fed a diet supplemented with 5% NaCl for 8 weeks. They were then fed a diet containing either 0.2% (group 1) or 0.05% (group 2) pure curcumin or kept on a basal diet alone (group 3) for 55 weeks. The rats of the curcumin-treated groups (groups 1 and 2) were then switched to the basal diet for the following 4 weeks before sacrifice. Group 4 (20 rats) served as a non-treatment control. The total incidence of combined atypical hyperplasias and adenocarcinomas in the glandular stomachs was rather lower in groups 1 (93%) and 2 (90%) than in group 3 (100%), albeit without statistical significance. However, the mean number of atypical hyperplasias or adenocarcinomas of the glandular stomachs in group 1 (4.70) was significantly less than the value of group 3 (7.17) (p<0.05). Thus, the development of cancerous and precancerous lesions in the glandular stomach was decreased by exposure to pure curcumin. The present results indicate that the compound exerts chemopreventive effects, when given during the post-initiation phase of glandular stomach carcinogenesis in rats.
Role of ART in Imprinting Disorders (2012)

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) offer revolutionary infertility treatments for millions of childless couples around the world. Currently, ART accounts for 1 to 3% of annual births in industrialized countries and continues to expand rapidly. Except for an increased incidence of premature births, these technologies are considered safe. However, new evidence published during the past decade has suggested an increased incidence of imprinting disorders in children conceived by ART. Specifically, an increased risk was reported for Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), Angelman syndrome (AS), Silver-Russell syndrome, and retinoblastoma. In contrast, some studies have found no association between ART and BWS, AS, Prader-Willi syndrome, transient neonatal diabetes mellitus, and retinoblastoma. The variability in ART protocols and the rarity of imprinting disorders complicate determining the causative relationship between ART and an increased incidence of imprinting disorders. Nevertheless, compelling experimental data from animal studies also suggest a link between increased imprinting disorders and ART. Further comprehensive, appropriately powered studies are needed to better address the magnitude of the risk for ART-associated imprinting disorders. Large longitudinal studies are particularly critical to evaluate long-term effects of ART not only during the perinatal period but also into adulthood. An important consideration is to determine if the implicated association between ART and imprinting disorders is actually related to the procedures or to infertility itself.
Solid particle erosion in ceramic matrix composites and environmental barrier coatings: A perspective (2023)

Abstract Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) and environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are key technologies that can enable improvements in the thermal and propulsive efficiency of gas turbine engines. However, CMCs and EBCs are susceptible to various life limiting damage modes associated with the engine operating environment such as oxidation, recession, thermomechanical stress/strain, corrosion, foreign object damage (FOD), and solid particle erosion (SPE). Despite its importance, there is a limited understanding of the SPE behavior of CMCs and EBCs in the literature. This paper reviews the status of SPE research for CMCs and EBCs and provides a perspective towards future research.
Instrumentation of standard libraries in object-oriented languages (2004)

Code instrumentation is widely used for a range of purposes that include profiling, debugging, visualization, logging, and distributed computing. Due to their special status within the language infrastructure, the &lt;i&gt;standard class libraries&lt;/i&gt;, also known as &lt;i&gt;system classes&lt;/i&gt; provided by most contemporary object-oriented languages are difficult and sometimes impossible to instrument. If instrumented, the use of their rewritten versions within the instrumentation code is usually unavoidable. However, this is equivalent to `instrumenting the instrumentation', and thus may lead to erroneous results. Consequently, most systems avoid rewriting system classes. We present a novel instrumentation strategy that alleviates the above problems by renaming the instrumented classes. The proposed approach does not require any modifications to the language, compiler or runtime. It allows system classes to be instrumented both statically and dynamically. In fact, this is the first technique that enables dynamic instrumentation of Java system classes without modification of any runtime components. We demonstrate our approach by implementing two instrumentation-based systems: a memory profiler and a distributed runtime for Java.
Zero-knowledge sets (2004)

We show how a polynomial-time prover can commit to an arbitrary finite set S of strings so that, later on, he can, for any string x, reveal with a proof whether x /spl isin/ S or x /spl notin/ S, without revealing any knowledge beyond the verity of these membership assertions. Our method is non interactive. Given a public random string, the prover commits to a set by simply posting a short and easily computable message. After that, each time it wants to prove whether a given element is in the set, it simply posts another short and easily computable proof, whose correctness can be verified by any one against the public random string. Our scheme is very efficient; no reasonable prior way to achieve our desiderata existed. Our new primitive immediately extends to providing zero-knowledge databases.
Rotation rate measurement using an opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) based on Sagnac interferometer (2000)

This work presents a novel fiber optic rotation rate sensor based on the characteristics of an OEO with feedback loop tuned by Sagnac interferometer. Experimental results, which agree with theoretical predictions, show high sensitivity.