gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain derived neurotrophic factor and neurodegeneration (1999)

AbstractBrain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was the subject of over one hundred patents in the past three years. The majority of these patents propose new methods to increase its bioavailability and clinical benefit (that is yet to be defined in the adult human nervous system). The major limitation in the current neurotrophic factor (NTF) research, impairing relevant comparisons of preclinical results, is the incomplete methodological standardisation in measuring the effects of BDNF in experimental models. Nevertheless, BDNF has clearly emerged as the leading candidate to become the pluripotent neurotrophic factor that may soon be either the prime factor or at least a universal adjuvant in future neuroregenerative therapies. Furthermore, our current understanding of BDNF receptor biology, especially of the high affinity tyrosine kinase B (trkB) receptor, has spurred research targeting the design of more potent BDNF-like synthetic ligands. Finally, new strategies are currently explored to increase the target availability of BDNF and expand its biological life.Keywordsbrain derived neurotrophic factorneurodegenerationneurotrophinsregenerationtherapy
Sensing-Throughput Tradeoff for Cognitive Radio Networks (2008)

In a cognitive radio network, the secondary users are allowed to utilize the frequency bands of primary users when these bands are not currently being used. To support this spectrum reuse functionality, the secondary users are required to sense the radio frequency environment, and once the primary users are found to be active, the secondary users are required to vacate the channel within a certain amount of time. Therefore, spectrum sensing is of significant importance in cognitive radio networks. There are two parameters associated with spectrum sensing: probability of detection and probability of false alarm. The higher the probability of detection, the better the primary users are protected. However, from the secondary users' perspective, the lower the probability of false alarm, the more chances the channel can be reused when it is available, thus the higher the achievable throughput for the secondary network. In this paper, we study the problem of designing the sensing duration to maximize the achievable throughput for the secondary network under the constraint that the primary users are sufficiently protected. We formulate the sensing-throughput tradeoff problem mathematically, and use energy detection sensing scheme to prove that the formulated problem indeed has one optimal sensing time which yields the highest throughput for the secondary network. Cooperative sensing using multiple mini-slots or multiple secondary users are also studied using the methodology proposed in this paper. Computer simulations have shown that for a 6 MHz channel, when the frame duration is 100 ms, and the signal-to-noise ratio of primary user at the secondary receiver is -20 dB, the optimal sensing time achieving the highest throughput while maintaining 90% detection probability is 14.2 ms. This optimal sensing time decreases when distributed spectrum sensing is applied.
On the Swelling of Bicontinuous Lyotropic Mesophases (1995)

The swelling of sponge-like bicontinuous mesophases of bilayers of surfactant (or lipid) in water as a function of dilution is analyzed. Analytic formulae for the swelling are derived assuming (i) constant aggregate thickness and (ii) fixed surface area per surfactant molecule at an imaginary surface located within the bilayer. Approximate swelling laws are derived for bicontinuous films and compared with swelling behaviour of disconnected sheet-like, rod-like and globular aggregates. It is shown that sponge-like “oil-in-water” bicontinuous aggregates can be readily distinguished from rods, sheets or globules in surfactant/lipid aggregates; the morphologies of aggregates of reversed curvature (“water-in-oil”) are less easily deduced from swelling data. Accurate scaling laws for (ordered or disordered) symmetric and asymmetric sponges, sheets, rods and globules are compared with experimental data of bicontinuous cubic phases in the binary glycerol monooleate - water system and the pseudo-binary didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide - cyclohexane - water system as well as some data within dilute sponge-like phases. In the latter cases, scattering data as a function of composition admit identification of symmetric and asymmetric sponge phases.
Analysis of proliferating cell fraction determined by monoclonal antibody to M1‐subunit ribonucleotide reductase and Ki‐67 in relation to p53 protein expression in fine‐needle aspirates from non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (2000)

The purpose of this study was to analyse the proliferative fraction with the monoclonal antibody M1-R-R to M1-subunit ribonucleotide reductase and with MIB-1 to Ki-67 antigen in relation to p53 protein expression in fine needle aspirates from B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. One hundred and thirty-seven cases, previously diagnosed and sub-typed according to the Kiel classification and characterized by immunophenotyping, were included in the study. The M-1 subunit ribonucleotide reductase (M1-R-R), Ki-67 and p53 antigens were detected using monoclonal antibodies on stored cytospin preparations. There was a good correlation (r = 0.72) between Ki-67 and M1-R-R positive cell fraction in both high and low grade lymphomas. High-grade lymphomas had a median percentage of M1-R-R/MIB-1 positive cells of 53.0/73.0 for lymphoblastic, 61.0/52.0 for immunoblastic and 33.5/41.0 for centroblastic lymphomas, respectively. In low grade lymphomas figures of median percentage of M1-R-R/MIB-1 were 9.0/15.0 for centroblastic/centrocytic, 11.0/9.5 for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, 16.0/27.0 for centrocytic and 12.0/9.0 for immunocytomas, respectively. The median percentages of M1-R-R/MIB-1 for high and low grade lymphomas were 37.0/50.5 and 11.0/12.0, respectively. In the p53 positive cases the proliferation rate as measured by staining for M1-R-R and MIB-1 was higher than in p53 negative cases, but the difference was not statistically significant. The results show that cytospin material obtained by fine needle aspiration and stored at -70 degrees C for years can be used reliably for both peroxidase-avidin-biotin and three-step alkaline phosphatase immunocytochemical staining. In addition, proliferation fraction determined by M1-R-R monoclonal antibody staining correlates well with that measured by an established marker for cell proliferation, the Ki-67 antibody. However, the proliferation fraction as measured by the two antibodies differs in the various subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which indicates that they may contribute different prognostic information.
OAuth 2.0 Device Profile (2010)

The device profile is suitable for OAuth 2.0 clients executing on
devices which do not have an easy data-entry method (e.g. game
consoles or media hubs), but where the end-user has separate access
to a user-agent on another computer or device (e.g. home computer, a
laptop, or a smart phone).
RES-701-2, -3 and -4, Novel and Selective Endothelin Type B Receptor Antagonists Produced by Streptomyces sp. I. Taxonomy of Producing Strains, Fermentation, Isolation, and Biochemical Properties. (1995)

RES-701-2, -3 and -4, novel cyclic peptide endothelin antagonists, were isolated from the culture broths of Streptomyces sp. RE-701 and RE-896, RES-701s selectively inhibited the ET-1 binding to endothelin type B receptor (ETB receptor) with IC50 values ranging from 5 to 20 nM. Taxonomy of the producing strains, fermentation, isolation and biochemical properties of RES-701s are described.
Graphene Oxide as a Sulfur Immobilizer in High Performance Lithium/Sulfur Cells (2011)

The loss of sulfur cathode material as a result of polysulfide dissolution causes significant capacity fading in rechargeable lithium/sulfur cells. Here, we use a chemical approach to immobilize sulfur and lithium polysulfides via the reactive functional groups on graphene oxide. This approach enabled us to obtain a uniform and thin (around tens of nanometers) sulfur coating on graphene oxide sheets by a simple chemical reaction-deposition strategy and a subsequent low-temperature thermal treatment process. Strong interaction between graphene oxide and sulfur or polysulfides enabled us to demonstrate lithium/sulfur cells with a high reversible capacity of 950-1400 mA h g(-1), and stable cycling for more than 50 deep cycles at 0.1C (1C = 1675 mA g(-1)).
An unexplored antipolar phase in HfO2 from first principles and implication for wake-up mechanism (2021)

Perturbing tetragonal HfO2 supercells in simulation with dopants or interstitial oxygen in the context of the ferroelectric Pca21 No. 29 (oIII-phase) formation frequently leads to an unexplored, lower energetic orthorhombic crystal phase with space group Pnma No. 62 (oV-phase). The crystal structure is inequivalent to cottunite oII-phase with the same space group but is closely related to the second ferroelectric Pmn21 No. 31 (oIV-phase) space group, as antipolar alignment. To explore the possibility of oIV- or oV-phase formation, we calculate the free energy in harmonic approximation and the energy landscape. Starting from the tetragonal P42/nmc No. 137 phase (t-phase), according to energy and activation barrier, the formation of the oV-phase is more favorable than that of the oIV-phase. Furthermore, exploring the energy landscape of the oIV–oV system, we find possible antiferroelectric-like behavior in HfO2 and Hf0.5Zr0.5O2, but not in ZrO2. We propose the formation of an oV-phase fraction as a possible structural explanation for a contribution to the wake-up phenomenon in HfO2. X-ray diffraction results on 10 nm Hf1−xZrxO2 thin films with varying Zr content are consistent with the claim.
TU‐G‐303‐00: Radiomics: Advances in the Use of Quantitative Imaging Used for Predictive Modeling (2015)

‘Radiomics’ refers to studies that extract a large amount of quantitative information from medical imaging studies as a basis for characterizing a specific aspect of patient health. Radiomics models can be built to address a wide range of outcome predictions, clinical decisions, basic cancer biology, etc. For example, radiomics models can be built to predict the aggressiveness of an imaged cancer, cancer gene expression characteristics (radiogenomics), radiation therapy treatment response, etc. Technically, radiomics brings together quantitative imaging, computer vision/image processing, and machine learning. In this symposium, speakers will discuss approaches to radiomics investigations, including: longitudinal radiomics, radiomics combined with other biomarkers (‘pan‐omics’), radiomics for various imaging modalities (CT, MRI, and PET), and the use of registered multi‐modality imaging datasets as a basis for radiomics. There are many challenges to the eventual use of radiomics‐derived methods in clinical practice, including: standardization and robustness of selected metrics, accruing the data required, building and validating the resulting models, registering longitudinal data that often involve significant patient changes, reliable automated cancer segmentation tools, etc. Despite the hurdles, results achieved so far indicate the tremendous potential of this general approach to quantifying and using data from medical images. Specific applications of radiomics to be presented in this symposium will include: the longitudinal analysis of patients with low‐grade gliomas; automatic detection and assessment of patients with metastatic bone lesions; image‐based monitoring of patients with growing lymph nodes; predicting radiotherapy outcomes using multi‐modality radiomics; and studies relating radiomics with genomics in lung cancer and glioblastoma. Learning Objectives: Understanding the basic image features that are often used in radiomic models. Understanding requirements for reliable radiomic models, including robustness of metrics, adequate predictive accuracy, and generalizability. Understanding the methodology behind radiomic‐genomic (‘radiogenomics’) correlations. Research supported by NIH (US), CIHR (Canada), and NSERC (Canada)
Non-invasive respiratory monitoring using long-period fiber grating sensors (2014)

In non-invasive ventilation, continuous monitoring of respiratory volumes is essential. Here, we present a method for the measurement of respiratory volumes by a single fiber-grating sensor of bending and provide the proof-of-principle by applying a calibration-test measurement procedure on a set of 18 healthy volunteers. Results establish a linear correlation between a change in lung volume and the corresponding change in a local thorax curvature. They also show good sensor accuracy in measurements of tidal and minute respiratory volumes for different types of breathing. The proposed technique does not rely on the air flow through an oronasal mask or the observation of chest movement by a clinician, which distinguishes it from the current clinical practice.
Focused-Ion-Beam Digging of Biological Specimens (1995)

The focused ion beam (FIB) technique has been applied for digging damageable biological specimens of human hair and the housefly eye. Sharp cross-sections have been formed for these specimens and their cross-sectional structures have been observed in scanning ion microscope (SIM) images. The applicability of FIB has been confirmed for these biological specimens.
The ability of the Reciproc R25 instrument to reach the full root canal working length without a glide path (2013)

The R25 Reciproc instrument is able to reach the FWL of straight- and moderate-curved mandibular molar canals without a glide path in a large proportion of cases.
Electron flow through transverse magnetic fields in magnetic multipole arc discharges (1982)

Magnetic multipole sources have been shown to produce very quiescent plasmas. As a result, the experimental measurements of the diffusion of electrons across transverse magnetic fields in the source show that it obeys the scaling laws generated by collisions of the long-range coulomb type. The absolute flux of electrons is compared with the theoretical value derived from a model of cross-field diffusion arising from coulomb collisions.
Can urine bound diagnostic tests replace cystoscopy in the management of bladder cancer? (1998)

Immunological markers are superior to cytological evaluation and image analysis for detecting low grade transitional cell carcinoma but they have low specificity and sensitivity in grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma. Urine bound diagnostic tools cannot replace cystoscopy.
Biomodulation of Fluorouracil in Colorectal Cancer (1998)

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) remains the agent of choice for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Research has focused on the biomodulation of 5-FU in order to attempt to improve the cytotoxity and therapeutic effectiveness of this drug in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Modulation of 5-FU by methotrexate (MTX), trimetrexate (TMTX), interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), leucovorin (LV), or N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-asparte acid (PALA) has produced higher response rates than those observed with 5-FU alone. Methotrexate may improve the durability of response to or survival with 5-FU, but with inferior results compared with those in trials of 5-FU and leucovorin. Trimetrexate produces a number of responses, and further phase III trials are in progress to confirm the results of promising phase II trials with this drug. IFN-alpha has shown therapeutic efficiency when combined with 5-FU alone or with 5-FU and leucovorin, but latest studies with these combinations have shown increased toxicity. Initial single-institution phase I trials with 5-FU and PALA reported promising responses, but the latter responses with PALA were not substantiated in randomized multicenter trials. Leucovorin enhances the cytotoxic activity of 5-FU in vitro and in vivo, and several clinical trials have shown improved response rates and possible trends in improved survival when such therapy is compared with the use of 5-FU as a single-agent. More recent randomized trials have focused their attention on determining the optimal dose and schedule with this combination for producing a better clinical response with minimal toxicity. Schedules using infusional 5-FU appear to be the most active regimens when 5-FU is used as a single agent, as demonstrated by recent randomized trials. The Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) have performed separate randomized trials and have shown that the optimal regimens employ infusional 5-FU as a single agent, and that these are the least toxic regimens, perhaps more effective, and associated with a better quality of life. Future studies will focus on infusional regimens involving either short-term, high-dose protracted or long-term, low-dose protracted infusion of 5-FU, since these regimens have shown the most favorable toxicity spectrum and produced the longest survival times. Future research will also focus on the evaluation of various methods of delivery of 5-FU, including oral administration of the drug in combination with compounds that can modify its catabolism.
AVIAN MORTALITY SURVEILLANCE FOR WEST NILE VIRUS IN COLORADO (2007)

We tested 1,549 avian carcasses of 104 species to identify targets for West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance in Colorado, determine species affected by WNV, compare virus isolation versus RNA detection applied to hearts and oral swabs from carcasses, and compare the VecTest WNV Antigen Assay (VecTest) to standard assays. Forty-two species tested positive. From June to September 2003, 86% of corvids, 34% of non-corvid passerines, and 37% of raptors tested positive. We developed the Target Species Index, which identified American crows as the most important avian indicator species. However, testing multiple species maximizes detection, which may be important early and late in the transmission season. This index may benefit surveillance for other zoonotic pathogens, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus. VecTest using oral swabs was most sensitive for American crow, black-billed magpie, house finch, house sparrow, and American kestrel. Wildlife rehabilitation centers should be recruited to enhance WNV surveillance.
Supplemental Use of Optical Diffusion Breast Imaging for Differentiation Between Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions (2011)

Optical diffusion imaging might be a good supplemental tool to increase the diagnostic accuracy of conventional ultrasound in differentiating malignant from benign breast lesions.
Nonclinical abuse liability testing of new CNS-active drugs: Role of sex as a critical factor for drug scheduling (2021)

All new drugs targeting or influencing the central nervous system (CNS) must be screened for Drug Abuse Liability (DAL) prior to license approval by the FDA. Drug discrimination, self-administration, and drug dependence potential study designs are three core behavioral assays proposed in the 2017 FDA Guidance to Industry on Abuse Liability Testing for submission to the agencies for review at the time of the NDA submission. There are no international or federal drug control agency requirements for which animal species to use and selection of the test parameters for the sex, strain, age, dose range, study duration, systemic drug exposure thresholds or positive comparators to use in the conduct of these studies. In pre-IND and pre-NDA discussions with sponsor representatives, it is the FDA that has placed the financial burden on the industry to conduct these studies in both sexes in, what appears to be, a direct conflict with the intent of the Animal Welfare Act (1996). There is no single drug-of-abuse that is self-administered exclusively by one sex and there are no differential schedule controls placed on any drug substance based on any sex- or gender-based pharmacokinetic parameter. These nonclinical assays used for drug control scheduling actions should be conducted in only one sex unless there is a strong indication that sex is an important factor in the therapeutic use of the new drug or the mechanism of action.
Impact of device geometry at different ambient temperatures on the self-heating of GaN-based HEMTs (2014)

The influence of the device geometry on the self-heating for GaN-based HEMTs was assessed at different ambient temperatures, from 25 °C to 175 °C. The results showed that the gate width can significantly affect the heat dissipation. In addition to this, the distribution of the generated heat in the channel has been demonstrated to be dependent on the distance between the gate and drain contacts. Besides the device geometry, the ambient temperature was also found to be relevant for the thermal resistance, mainly due to the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of the layers and the substrate. The channel temperature and the thermal resistance extracted from the measurements were in good agreement with the simulations.
Insulin resistance increases the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (2017)

Patients with NASH have an underlying potential of glucose intolerance. In NAFLD patients, insulin resistance is the most important risk factor for the incidence of T2DM. Appropriate therapy against insulin resistance could be needed for patients with NAFLD to prevent development of T2DM.
Bounds on the automata size for Presburger arithmetic (2008)

Automata provide a decision procedure for Presburger arithmetic. However, until now only crude lower and upper bounds were known on the sizes of the automata produced by the automata-based approach for Presburger arithmetic. In this article, we give an upper bound on the number of states of the minimal deterministic automaton for a Presburger arithmetic formula. This bound depends on the length of the formula and the quantifiers occurring in it. We establish the upper bound by comparing the automata for Presburger arithmetic formulas with the formulas produced by a quantifier-elimination method. We show that our bound is tight, also for nondeterministic automata. Moreover, we provide automata constructions for atomic formulas and establish lower bounds for the automata for linear equations and inequations.
Apocynin, a Low Molecular Oral Treatment for Neurodegenerative Disease (2014)

Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory mediators secreted by activated resident or infiltrated innate immune cells have a significant impact on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. This may imply that patients affected by a neurodegenerative disease may benefit from treatment with selective inhibitors of innate immune activity. Here we review the therapeutic potential of apocynin, an essentially nontoxic phenolic compound isolated from the medicinal plant Jatropha multifida . Apocynin is a selective inhibitor of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase Nox2 that can be applied orally and is remarkably effective at low dose.
Role-based access control permissions (2023)

Devices, systems, and methods for role-based access control permissions are disclosed. One method includes a policy decision point that receives up-to-date security context information from one or more outside sources to determine whether to grant access for a data client to a portion of the system and creates an access vector including the determination; receiving, via a policy agent, a request by the data client for access to the portion of the computing system by the data client, wherein the policy agent checks to ensure there is a session established with communications and user/application enforcement points; receiving, via communications policy enforcement point, the request from the policy agent, wherein the communications policy enforcement point determines whether the data client is an authorized node, based upon the access vector received from the policy decision point; and receiving, via the user/application policy enforcement point, the request from the communications policy enforcement point.