gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lead generation and lead optimisation approaches in the discovery of selective, non-peptide ORL-1 receptor agonists and antagonists (2001)

The discovery of the opioid receptor like-1 (ORL-1) receptor and of its endogenous agonist nociceptin/orphanin FQ has attracted great interest in the scientific community giving rise, in the last five years, to a flurry of biological studies aimed at elucidating the role of this new receptor. Hence, the involvement of the ORL-1 receptor in many important processes, such as antinociception, learning and memory, feeding and anxiety, has been well documented. However, a clear understanding of the potential therapeutic value associated with the modulation of the ORL-1 receptor needs the development of selective non-peptide agonists and antagonists allowing systemic routes of administration. This review addresses the advances made by several research groups in the discovery of such compounds and discusses the medicinal chemistry strategies which, starting from the first non-selective ligands NalBzoH and lofentanil, led to the disclosure of highly potent and selective agonists and antagonists, such as Ro 64-6198, J-113397 and JTC-801. Efforts have also focussed on the pharmacological characterisation of the newly discovered non-peptide tools, which represent a significant step forward in the understanding of the involvement of the ORL-1 receptor in a number of possible pathophysiological conditions.
Thermodynamics of ion association. Part XX. Interpretation of the enthalpy changes (1970)

Thermodynamic functions for the formation of a variety of metal complexes with nitrogen- and carboxylate oxygen containing ligands in aqueous solution have been analysed in terms of temperature-dependent and temperature-independent parts. A method for calculation of the temperature-independent component of the enthalpy change, ΔHc, from the experimental data is described. The values are discussed in terms of M–N and M–O covalent interactions and also the specific steric requirements of different ligand molecules.
Impact of the microbiology in the epuration processes. (1996)

Biological treatments will progressively play a key role in the epuration process. Indeed, they show different advantages like reaction specificity, multiple degradation potentialities and efficiency at very low concentrations of pollutants. Two approaches can be considered for developing biological processes of epuration : addition of bioactivators for improving endogenous microorganisms capabilities or introduction of microorganism starters for accelerating the epuration process. These two ways need as prerequisite a basic knowledge of the metabolic pathways for specific compound degradation and of microbial ecology
Crystal-Associated Nephropathy in Patients With Brushite Nephrolithiasis (2006)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 Feb 2006Crystal-Associated Nephropathy in Patients With Brushite Nephrolithiasis A.P. Evan, J.E. Lingeman, F.L. Coe, Y. Shao, J.H. Parks, S.B. Bledsoe, C.L. Phillips, S. Bonsib, E.M. Worcester, A.J. Sommer, S.C. Kim, W.W. Tinmouth, and M. Grynpas A.P. EvanA.P. Evan More articles by this author , J.E. LingemanJ.E. Lingeman More articles by this author , F.L. CoeF.L. Coe More articles by this author , Y. ShaoY. Shao More articles by this author , J.H. ParksJ.H. Parks More articles by this author , S.B. BledsoeS.B. Bledsoe More articles by this author , C.L. PhillipsC.L. Phillips More articles by this author , S. BonsibS. Bonsib More articles by this author , E.M. WorcesterE.M. Worcester More articles by this author , A.J. SommerA.J. Sommer More articles by this author , S.C. KimS.C. Kim More articles by this author , W.W. TinmouthW.W. Tinmouth More articles by this author , and M. GrynpasM. Grynpas More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00429-5AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Crystal-Associated Nephropathy in Patients With Brushite Nephrolithiasis." The Journal of Urology, 175(2), p. 587 Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine and Methodist Hospital Institute for Kidney Stone Disease, Indianapolis, Indiana, Nephrology Section, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, Department of Histology, Jinzhou Medical College, Jinzhou, Liaoning, Peoples Republic of China, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, and Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada© 2006 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 2February 2006Page: 587 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2006 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information A.P. Evan More articles by this author J.E. Lingeman More articles by this author F.L. Coe More articles by this author Y. Shao More articles by this author J.H. Parks More articles by this author S.B. Bledsoe More articles by this author C.L. Phillips More articles by this author S. Bonsib More articles by this author E.M. Worcester More articles by this author A.J. Sommer More articles by this author S.C. Kim More articles by this author W.W. Tinmouth More articles by this author M. Grynpas More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Acarological risk of exposure to agents of tick-borne zoonoses in the first recognized Italian focus of Lyme borreliosis (2003)

Acarological risk was calculated as the probability of encountering at least one host-seeking Ixodes ricinus tick infected by the pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, in 100 m transects in the province of Genoa, Italy. The seasonal pattern of I. ricinus was studied using generalized estimating equations (GEE) with negative binomial error, to consider overdispersion of tick counts and repeated sampling of the same dragging sites from April 1998 to March 1999. Prevalence of infection by B. burgdorferi s.l. was evaluated by PCR and hybridization with genospecies-specific probes. Acarological risk (R) peaked in April (R = 0.2, 95% CI 0.13-0.26) and November (R = 0.29, 95% CI 0.10-0.46). Borrelia garinii and B. valaisiana were the most common genospecies at our study site suggesting a major role of birds as reservoirs. DNA from Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in humans and animals, was amplified from an adult I. ricinus.
Mobile tracking and parameter learning in unknown non-line-of-sight conditions (2010)

This paper studies the mobile tracking problem in mixed line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions, where the statistics of NLOS error is Gaussian with fixed but unknown mean and variance. A Rao-Blackwellized particle filtering and parameter learning method (RBPF-PL) is proposed, in which the particle filtering with optimal trial distribution is first applied to estimate the posterior density of sight conditions, then the decentralized extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to estimate the mobile state. In the parameter learning step, using the conjugate prior distribution on the unknown parameters, the posterior distribution of unknown parameters is further updated according to the sufficient statistics. Simulation results show the RBPF-PL method is effective to infer the unknown NLOS parameter and could achieve good tracking performance using small number of particles.
The piggyBac Transposon Displays Local and Distant Reintegration Preferences and Can Cause Mutations at Noncanonical Integration Sites (2013)

The DNA transposon piggyBac is widely used as a tool in mammalian experimental systems for transgenesis, mutagenesis, and genome engineering. We have characterized genome-wide insertion site preferences of piggyBac by sequencing a large set of integration sites arising from transposition from two separate genomic loci and a plasmid donor in mouse embryonic stem cells. We found that piggyBac preferentially integrates locally to the excision site when mobilized from a chromosomal location and identified other nonlocal regions of the genome with elevated insertion frequencies. piggyBac insertions were associated with expressed genes and markers of open chromatin structure and were excluded from heterochromatin. At the nucleotide level, piggyBac prefers to insert into TA-rich regions within a broader GC-rich context. We also found that piggyBac can insert into sites other than its known TTAA insertion site at a low frequency (2%). Such insertions introduce mismatches that are repaired with signatures of host cell repair pathways. Transposons could be mobilized from plasmids with the observed noncanonical flanking regions, indicating that piggyBac could generate point mutations in the genome.
Drug prescribing patterns for outpatients in three hospitals in north-west Ethiopia (2002)

Background: Information about drug utilization at the out patient departments of the Hospitals in Ethiopia is scanty although a large segment of the patients are being served at the outpatient departments. Objective: To evaluate and compare patterns of drug prescribing practiced in the outpatient departments of three hospitals. Methods: Case notes of outpatients attending the Gondar teaching hospital (n=2023), Bahir Dar regional hospital (n=2597) and Debre Tabor rural hospital (n=1808) were reviewed retrospectively over one year period. Results: The leading diagnoses in the three hospitals were similar and include disease of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, sexually transmitted and skin. The average number of drugs per patient was 0.98 in Gondar, 1.8 in Bahir Dar and 2.2 in Debre Tabor hospitals. Antibacterials including anti-TB drugs (40-51%) and analgesics (11-49%) were the most frequently prescribed drugs in the three hospitals. Conclusion: The average number of drugs prescribed per patent was within the acceptable range. Deviation of prescribing pattern among the outpatients possibly reflects the availability of drugs, attitude (habit) of the prescriber and diagnostic profiles and facilities. Much remains to be done to promote rational selection and use of drugs in hospitals. [Ethiop.J.Health Dev. 2002;16(2):183-189]
ArecQGene Homolog from the Basidiomycetous MushroomLentinula edodes: Sequence Analysis and Expression (2004)

We cloned and sequenced a recQ gene homolog from the basidiomycetous mushroom Lentinula edodes (Le.). This gene, named Le.recQ, was found to have a coding capacity of 945 amino acids (aa) and be interrupted by 11 small introns. The deduced Le.RECQ protein was clearly smaller than other fungal RecQ proteins such as Neurospora crassa QDE3 (1955 aa), Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rqh1 (1328 aa), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae SGS1 (1447 aa). It exhibited the highest homology to the Arabidopsis thaliana RecQl4A protein (1182 aa) in its size and aa sequence. Northern-blot analysis showed that the Le.recQ gene is transcribed at similar levels during mycelial development in L. edodes fruiting-body formation on a sawdust-corn bran medium. The L. edodes dikaryotic mycelial cells, which had been vegetatively grown in SMY liquid medium, were found to contain a clearly larger amount of Le.recQ transcript than the L. edodes two compatible monokaryotic mycelial cells. Expression of Le.recQ cDNA in S. cerevisiae might partially complement defects associated with the loss of its homolog S. cerevisiae SGS1 gene.
Planar resonator sensor for moisture measurements (2002)

In the paper a model of microwave planar resonator sensor has been presented. The structure of resonator sensor is described. A dielectric material is placed above microstrip ring resonator. As a consequence, the parameters of resonator: resonance frequency, quality factor, and resonance transmission change in relation to the permittivity of the material. The first results of measurements are presented. The sensor may be used for nondestructive measurements of the moisture content of dielectric materials like grain or sand.
Near-Field Chipless RFID Tag System Using Inductive Coupling Between a Multimode Resonator and Detection Probes (2018)

Chipless RFID tags that use the higher-mode resonances of a transmission line resonator are presented in this paper. We have proposed multimode stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) for this application and reported the fundamental characteristics of an experimental system composed of multimode SIRs with open-circuited ends and a near-field electromagnetic detector using capacitive coupling (electric field) probes for the detector. To improve the frequency response and widen the detection range, we introduced multimode SIRs with short-circuited ends and inductive coupling (magnetic field) probes and measured their properties. To reduce the size of the tag and reader, we examined the frequency responses and found that the optimal configuration consisted of C-shaped tags and detector probes with a spatially orthogonal arrangement. The experimental tag system showed good frequency responses, detection range, and frequency detection accuracy. In particular, the spacing between the tag resonator and the transmission line of the probe, which corresponds to the detection distance, was 5mm or more, and was at least 10 times greater than that of previously reported RFID tag systems using near-field electromagnetic coupling.
The Power Behind the Throne (2013)

Anyone who’s been around understands that it’s the assistants who rule the world. They decide what calls get through. They have countless contacts. They handle all the daily details. Simply put, if you want to get something done, chances are good that at some point in the process you’ll have to go through an assistant.
Using a Distributed Hydrologic Model to Evaluate the Location of Urban Development and Flood Control Storage (2009)

A physics-based, distributed hydrologic model (Vflo) was used to evaluate the effects of urbanization and detention storage on watershed stream flows with grid cells as small as 0.09 km2 (22 acres). The analysis was performed for the Little Cypress Creek watershed in Houston, Texas. Hypothetical development and flood mitigation scenarios in the upstream, midstream, and downstream portions of the creek were analyzed for their impacts on peak flows for the 100-year design storm. Local ponds and regional reservoirs were compared for their ability to bring downstream flows back to existing conditions at all points along the creek. Analysis showed that downstream flows would be most effectively mitigated when storm water detention volumes and release rates are imposed with an awareness of locations relative to watershed headwaters or a referenced outlet point. This is in contrast to many existing policies that are uniformly applied across a watershed.
Bidirectional PAM-4 Experimental Proof-Of-Concept to Double Capacity per Fiber in 2-km Data Center Links (2017)

We propose the use of bidirectional transmission to double the effective capacity over (each available) fiber in short-reach (2km) data-center links using direct-detection PAM-4. In particular, we experimentally show the conditions under which spurious reflections give a limited power penalty.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐ACYL‐N′‐DIETHOXYPHOSPHORYLHYDRAZINES (1980)

Abstract Acylhydrazine (I) reagieren nach Todd‐ Atherton mit Diethylphosphit (II) zu den phosphorylierten Acylhydrazinen (III).
THERMAL EXPANSION OF SILICATE FLUXES IN THE CRYSTALLINE AND GLASSY STATES* (1941)

A bstract A general investigation was made of the thermal expansion of various silicate fluxes The fluxes considered in the crystalline (anisotropic) and glassy (isotropic) states. were ten feldspars, two nepheline syenites, anorthosite, aplite, and lepidolite.
Genetic Diversity of Salt Tolerance in Miscanthus (2017)

<i>Miscanthus</i> is a woody rhizomatous C4 grass that can be used as a CO<sub>2</sub> neutral biofuel resource. It has potential to grow in marginal areas such as saline soils, avoiding competition for arable lands with food crops. This study explored genetic diversity for salt tolerance in <i>Miscanthus</i> and discovered mechanisms and traits that can be used to improve the yield under salt stress. Seventy genotypes of <i>Miscanthus</i> (including 57 <i>M. sinensis</i>, 5 <i>M. sacchariflorus</i>, and 8 hybrids) were evaluated for salt tolerance under saline (150 mM NaCl) and normal growing conditions using a hydroponic system. Analyses of shoot growth traits and ion concentrations revealed the existence of large variation for salt tolerance in the genotypes. We identified genotypes with potential for high biomass production both under control and saline conditions that may be utilized for growth under marginal, saline conditions. Several relatively salt tolerant genotypes had clearly lower Na<sup>+</sup> concentrations and showed relatively high K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratios in the shoots under salt stress, indicating that a Na<sup>+</sup> exclusion mechanism was utilized to prevent Na<sup>+</sup> accumulation in the leaves. Other genotypes showed limited reduction in leaf expansion and growth rate under saline conditions, which may be indicative of osmotic stress tolerance. The genotypes demonstrating potentially different salt tolerance mechanisms can serve as starting material for breeding programs aimed at improving salinity tolerance of <i>Miscanthus</i>.
The Hidden Shortcomings of (D)AOs -- An Empirical Study of On-Chain Governance (2023)

Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) are a recent innovation in organizational structures, which are already widely used in the blockchain ecosystem. We empirically study the on-chain governance systems of 21 DAOs and open source the live dataset. The DAOs we study are of various size and activity, and govern a wide range of protocols and services, such as decentralized exchanges, lending protocols, infrastructure projects and common goods funding. Our analysis unveils a high concentration of voting rights, a significant hidden monetary costs of on-chain governance systems, as well as a remarkably high amount of pointless governance activity.
Multipath Transmission for the Internet: A Survey (2016)

Smart devices equipped with multiple network interfaces are becoming commonplace. Nevertheless, even though multiple interfaces can be used to connect to the Internet, their capabilities have not been fully utilized yet because the default TCP/IP stack supports only a single interface for communication. This situation is now changing due to the emergence of multipath protocols on different network stack layers. For example, many IP level approaches have been proposed utilizing tunneling mechanisms for hiding multipath transmission from the transport protocols. Several working groups under IEEE and IETF are actively standardizing multipath transmission on the link layer and transport layer. Application level approaches enable multipath transmission capability by establishing multiple transport connections and distributing data over them. Given all these efforts, it is beneficial and timely to summarize the state-of-the-art, compare their pros and cons, and discuss about the future directions. To that end, we present a survey on multipath transmission and make several major contributions: 1) we present a complete taxonomy pertaining to multipath transmission, including link, network, transport, application, and cross layers; 2) we survey the state-of-the-art for each layer, investigate the problems that each layer aims to address, and make comprehensive assessment of the solutions; and 3) based on the comparison, we identify open issues and pinpoint future directions for multipath transmission research.
Design and characterization of hybrid III–V concentrator photovoltaic–thermoelectric receivers under primary and secondary optical elements (2018)

Lattice-matched monolithic triple-junction Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) cells (InGa(0.495)P/GaIn(0.012)As/Ge) were electrically and thermally interfaced to two Thermoelectric (TE) Peltier module designs. An electrical and thermal model of the hybrid receivers was modelled in COMSOL Multiphysics software v5.3 to improve CPV cell cooling whilst increasing photon energy conversion efficiency. The receivers were measured for current-voltage characteristics with the CPV cell only (with sylguard encapsulant), under single secondary optical element (SOE) at x2.5 optical concentration, and under Fresnel lens primary optical element (POE) concentration between x313 and x480. Measurements were taken in solar simulators at Cardiff and Jaén Universities, and on-sun with dual-axis tracking at Jaén University. The hybrid receivers were electrically, thermally and theoretically investigated. The electrical performance data for the cells under variable irradiance and cell temperature conditions were measured using the integrated thermoelectric module as both a temperature sensor and as a solid-state heat pump. The performance of six SOE-CPV-TE hybrid devices were evaluated within two 3-receiver strings under primary optical concentration with measured acceptance angles of 1.00o and 0.89o, similar to commercially sourced CPV modules. A six-parameter one-diode equivalent electrical model was developed for the multi-junction CPV cells with SOE and POE. This was applied to extract six model parameters with the experimental I-V curves of type A receiver at 1, 3 and 500 concentration ratios. Standard test conditions (1000W/m2, 25oC and AM1.5G spectrum) were assumed based on trust-region-reflective least squares algorithm in MATLAB. The model fitted the experimental I-V curves satisfactorily with a mean error of 4.44%, and the optical intensity gain coefficient of SOE and POE is as high as 0.91, in comparison with 0.50-0.86 for crossed compound parabolic concentrators (CCPC). The determined values of diode reverse saturation current, combined series resistance and shunt resistance were similar to those of monocrystalline PV cell/modules in our previous publications. The model may be applicable to performance prediction of multi-junction CPV cells in the future.
beta-amyloid protein of Alzheimer's disease is found in cerebral and spinal cord vascular malformations. (1988)

Congo/Red deposition with birefringence to polarized light was demonstrated focally in cerebrovascular malformations removed surgically from 4 older patients (ages 85, 74, 74, and 63), and in a spinal cord vascular malformation in a 76-year-old patient. Lesser degrees of Congophilic change were observed in cerebrovascular malformations screened from 4 of 10 patients between the ages of 30 and 59. No Congophilic change was seen in 10 cerebrovascular malformations removed from patients under 30 years of age. Congophilic areas in all cases decorated with W-2 and 85/45 polyclonal antibodies raised to peptide sequences of cerebrovascular beta-amyloid and beta-amyloid of senile plaques from patients with Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the amyloid in these vascular malformations is immunologically related to beta-amyloid protein. This finding provides another indication that vascular beta-amyloid deposition is not specific for Alzheimer's disease and suggests that an existing abnormality of vessels may be a predisposing factor.
Smart textiles. (2004)

After technical textiles and functional textiles, also smart textiles came into force a few years ago. The term 'smart textiles' covers a broad range. The application possibilities are only limited by our imagination and creativity. In this presentation, it is further explored what smart textiles precisely mean. In a second part, an analysis is made of the possibilities, the state of affairs and the needs for further research.