gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Profiling the Marginal Organization: A Framework for Operational Analysis (2014)

Organizations don't form by accident. In every instance, organizations are a product of the decisions and actions of others. In their simplest form, organizations are a mix of features and attributes that provide some benefit to the organization's operation and/or stakeholders. In this chapter, we explore the formation and makeup of marginal organizations, concentrating on ways an organization's features contribute to defining its capacity to be influential. Influence is central to this discussion because it is a feature stakeholders associate with an organization's authority, credence and, in some instances, power to manipulate, persuade, direct and/or control.KeywordsTerrorist OrganizationDrug DealerStakeholder NetworkStrategy ObjectiveIndividual ContributorThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Monte Carlo methodologies for enhanced configurational sampling of dense systems: motion of a spherical solute in a polymer melt as a model problem (1994)

Abstract A number of traditional and novel Monte Carlo (MC) methodologies for configurational sampling in condensed phases are studied. The stochastic motion of a spherical solute molecule in a melt of short polyethylene chains is used as a model problem to assess the efficiency of the MC algorithms. Traditional MC methods, such as Metropolis MC and force-bias MC with or without preferential sampling, are inefficient in imparting significant mobility to the guest in the dense many-chain system. Two novel MC algorithms, based on local-Hessian information, are introduced here for the first time. Multidimensional force- or anti-force-bias along local eigenvector directions, and Metropolis MC with eigenvalue-scaling are found surprisingly inefficient for the problem at hand. Significant mobilities are achieved only with a new energy-biased MC method, which ignores the existing barriers and performs a coarse-grained random walk over local energy minima. As well as evaluating the various MC algorithms, this work also addresses questions pertinent to the model problem examined here, namely (i) if polymer segment mobility is necessary to obtain significant MC mobility of the solute, and (ii) what is the onset of solute stochastic diffusion in these systems.
Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite crystals: A review study on the analytical methods (2002)

For the synthesis of hydroxyapatite crystals from aqueous solutions three preparation methods were employed. From the experimental processes and the characterization of the crystals it was concluded that aging and precipitation kinetics are critical for the purity of the product and its crystallographic characteristics. The authentication details are presented along with the results from infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron photographs, and chemical analysis. Analytical data for several calcium phosphates were collected from the literature, extensively reviewed, and the results were grouped and presented in tables to provide comparison with the data obtained here.
A flexible parallel database system using transputers (2003)

The design and development of a parallel database machine using a transputer network is presented. To exploit several forms of parallelism for database applications and give maximum flexibility, the system uses a communicating process model both in the implementation of database operations, and in the provision of system services. Following an overview of the system architecture, the development of the major processing modules is described, which includes query evaluation, buffer management and the file system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Modeling and simulation of next-generation multimode fiber links (2003)

This paper describes an advanced multimode-fiber-link model that was used to aid the development of Telecommunication Industry Association standard specifications for a next-generation 50-μm-core laser-optimized multimode fiber. The multimode-link model takes into account the interactions of the laser, the transmitter optical subassembly, and the fiber, as well as effects of connections and the receiver preamplifier. We present models for each of these components. Based on these models, we also develop an efficient and simple formalism for the calculation of the fiber transfer function and the signal at the link output in any link configuration. We demonstrate how the model may be used to develop specifications on transmitters and fibers that guarantee any desired level of performance.
Hydrophobic mismatch drives self-organization of designer proteins into synthetic membranes (2022)

Abstract The extent to which membrane biophysical properties, such as hydrophobic thickness, can drive membrane protein organization remains unknown. Inspired by this question, we used de novo protein design, molecular dynamic simulations, and cell-free systems to elucidate how membrane-protein hydrophobic mismatch affects protein integration and organization in synthetic lipid membranes. We found that membranes must deform to accommodate membrane-protein hydrophobic mismatch, which reduces the expression and co-translational insertion of membrane proteins into synthetic membranes. We used this principle to sort proteins both between and within membranes, thereby achieving one-pot assembly of vesicles with distinct functions and controlled split-protein assembly, respectively. Our results shed light on protein organization in biological membranes and provide a framework to self-organizing membrane-based materials with new functions.
Integrating remote invocation and distributed shared state (2004)

Summary form only given. Most distributed applications require, at least conceptually, some sort of shared state: information that is nonstatic but mostly read, and needed at more than one site. At the same time, RPC-based systems such as Sun RPC, Java RMl, CORBA, and .NET have become the de facto standards by which distributed applications communicate. As a result, shared state tends to be implemented either through the redundant transmission of deep-copy RPC parameters or through ad-hoc, application-specific caching and coherence protocols. The former option can waste large amounts of bandwidth; the latter significantly complicates program design and maintenance. To overcome these problems, we propose a distributed middleware system that works seamlessly with RPC-based systems, providing them with a global, persistent store that can be accessed using ordinary reads and writes. Relaxed coherence models and aggressive protocol optimizations reduce the bandwidth required to maintain shared state. Integrated support for transactions allows a chain of RPC calls to update shared state atomically. We focus on the implementation challenges involved in combining RPC with shared state and transactions. In particular, we describe a transaction metadata table that allows processes inside a transaction to share data invisible to other processes and to exchange data modifications efficiently. Using microbenchmarks and a large-scale datamining application, we demonstrate how the integration of RPC, transactions, and shared state facilitates the rapid development of robust, maintainable code.
Human-machine teaming for effective estimation and path planning (2016)

While traditional sensors provide accurate measurements of quantifiable information, humans provide better qualitative information and holistic assessments. Sensor fusion approaches that team humans and machines can take advantage of the benefits provided by each while mitigating the shortcomings. These two sensor sources can be fused together using Bayesian fusion, which assumes that there is a method of generating a probabilistic representation of the sensor measurement. This general framework of fusing estimates can also be applied to joint human-machine decision making. In the simple case, binary decisions can be fused by using a probability of taking an action versus inaction from each decision-making source. These are fused together to arrive at a final probability of taking an action, which would be taken if above a specified threshold. In the case of path planning, rather than binary decisions being fused, complex decisions can be fused by allowing the human and machine to interact with each other. For example, the human can draw a suggested path while the machine planning algorithm can refine it to avoid obstacles and remain dynamically feasible. Similarly, the human can revise a suggested path to achieve secondary goals not encoded in the algorithm such as avoiding dangerous areas in the environment.
A novel dual orthogonal polarisation planar reflector for LMCS applications (2003)

A novel planar reflector is presented for dual orthogonal polarisation applications. The proposed dual polarised planar reflector is composed of two sets of rectangular gratings with perpendicular alignments with respect to each other. The proposed structure maintains high isolation between the two polarisations.
A Novel Emulsified Acid for Deep Wells Stimulation: Rheology, Stability, and Coreflood Study (2018)

Abstract The main objective of matrix acidizing is to create deep channels(wormholes) that bypass the damaged zone around the wellbore, which eventually, will increase the productivity or injectivity of the well. HCl-diesel emulsified acid is used to achieve that goal as well as other objectives such as prevention of tubing corrosion. The cost of HCl-emulsified acid could be lower by reducing the cost of either the surfactant (emulsifier) or the continuous phase (diesel). Hence, in this study, a low-cost, more efficient emulsified acid is proposed, with cheaper solid stabilizer (nanoparticle) instead of surfactant, and less expensive continuous phase; waste oil instead of diesel. Rheology, stability and coreflooding experiments were performed at high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) of a typical reservoir conditions in the Middle East. This study addresses the feasibility of a novel waste oil emulsified acid system in acid stimulation treatment. In particular, rheology and stability of the emulsion and reactivity with limestone reservoir rock at HPHT were investigated. The reactivity was carried out through a series of core flow experiments at HPHT and compared with the conventional diesel emulsified acid. Stability experiments were conducted at 375 °F. Coreflood experiments were conducted using Indiana limestone 12″ cores and 1.5 in diameter. The initial permeability of the cores was in the range of 2-4 md. The pressure and temperature were 3000 psi and 275 °F, respectively. Four injection rates were used 0.5, 2, 5, and 10 ml/min. For better comprehension for resulted wormhole characteristic from both stimulation fluids under investigation, the CT-scan image for the Indiana limestone cores after injection of both waste oil and diesel emulsified acids were performed and analyzed through a high resolution imaging and visualization software. From the laboratory results, the novel waste oil emulsified acid system showed a good potential as a stimulation fluid. For instance, it achieved lower pore volume of acid to break through (PVBT) compared to both conventional diesel emulsified acid and plain HCl. Moreover, diesel emulsion presented a better performance at lower injection rates whereas waste oil emulsion performed superiorly at higher rates. Thisindicates that, diesel emulsion is still better in terms of stimulation efficiency, however, waste oil emulsified acid still could be recommended in acid stimulation since it has low cost and acceptable performance. Furthermore, CT scan analysis shows that waste oil emulsified acid was capable of achieving narrow, branch-free, and deep wormhole which are the desired characteristic for any potential stimulation fluid. The novelty of this work comes from the fact that waste oil emulsified acid performance for carbonate acid stimulation has not been addressed before and hence this work to fill in the gap.
Ultrafast and Quantitative X-Tomography and Simulation of Hollow-Cone Gasoline Direct-Injection Sprays (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Gasoline direct injection (GDI) has the potential to greatly improve internal combustion engine performance through precise control of the injection rate, timing, and combustion of the fuel. A thorough characterization of the hydrodynamics of fuel injection has to come from a precise, quantitative analysis of the sprays, especially in the near-nozzle region. A lack of knowledge of the fuel-spray dynamics has severely limited computational modeling of the sprays and design of improved injection systems. Previously, the structure and dynamics of highly transient fuel sprays have never been visualized or reconstructed in three dimensions (3D) due to numerous technical difficulties. By using an ultrafast x-ray detector and intense monochromatic x-ray beams from synchrotron radiation, the fine structures and dynamics of 1-ms GDI fuel sprays from an outwardly opening nozzle were elucidated by a newly developed, ultrafast, microsecond computed microtomography (CT) technique. In a time-resolved manner, many detailed features associated with the transient fuel flows are readily observable in the quantitatively reconstructed 3D fuel spray density distribution as a result of the quantitative CT technique. More importantly, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation based on the Taylor analogy breakup (TAB) model has also been performed using the boundary and initial conditions obtained from the experiment data. The experimental and numerical results are in good agreement quantitatively. These results not only reveal the characteristics of the GDI fuel sprays with unprecedented detail, but will also facilitate realistic computational fluid dynamic simulations in highly transient, multiphase systems.&lt;/div&gt;
Study of the properties of arc-induced long-period gratings and Bragg gratings in B/Ge doped fibers (2003)

We have investigated the possibility to erase arc-induced long period gratings through uniform exposure to UV-laser radiation and their potential recover by thermal annealing. The temperature stability of UV/arc-induced gratings is also presented.
Single Crystal Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction Study under Pressure in UGe2 (2006)

Synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction experiments on the pressure-induced ferromagnetic superconductor UGe 2 has been performed using a diamond anvil cell (DAC) diffractometer to study the correlation between the crystal structure and ferromagnetism. The oscillation photos covering the three-dimensional reciprocal spaces were taken both below and above a critical temperature T x at pressures up to 1.1 GPa. Coupled charge density wave (CDW) and spin density wave (SDW) fluctuations were predicted as an origin of unusual properties of UGe 2 by Watanabe and Miyake, but no additional superlattice Bragg peaks corresponding to the CDW reflections could be observed, resulting in an upper limit of its intensity of ∼1 ×10 -4 to the fundamental Bragg peak intensity.
Towards compiler backend optimization for low energy consumption at instruction level (2005)

Compiler backend is the part of a compiler that is responsible for generating compiled code.By optimizing the backend, one can easily create a tool chain for a new environment, where some restrictions are to be taken into account.One such restriction is energy consumption, which can be affected by code generation.In this paper, we discuss the different candidate optimizations that we have identified, and whether or not they can be implemented within the scope of the compiler backend.
Pseudorotaxane formation via the slippage process with chemically cyclized oligonucleotides (2017)

Circular nucleic acids have been utilized for versatile applications by taking advantage of the unique characteristic of their circular structure. In our previous study, we found that the chemically-cyclized ODN (cyODN) with double-tailed parts formed a pseudorotaxane structure with the target via the slippage process. We now report the investigation of the slippage properties and the mechanism of the slippage process using six different cyODNs. Our results indicate that the formation efficiency significantly depend on the temperature, the ring size, the target length and the mismatched position of the target. The kinetic studies also showed that this pseudorotaxane formation would proceed via a non-threaded structure which hybridizes with the target at the double-tailed parts. In addition, the resulting pseudorotaxanes showed interesting characteristics unlike the canonical duplex such as the hysteresis loop in the Tm measurements and the kinetic stabilization by lengthening the target. This information will be fundamentally important for finding new functions of circular nucleic acids and elucidating the threading mechanism regarding other synthetic small molecules and biopolymers.
Extreme Bandits Using Robust Statistics (2022)

Motivated by situations where the extreme values – as opposed to expected values in the classical stochastic multi-armed bandit (MAB) setting – are of interest, we propose a distribution-free algorithm for <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit {extreme bandits}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and characterize its statistical properties. The proposed novel algorithm is index based, where the index is fashioned in a non-parametric way using combinatorics and robust statistics. For distributions having “exponential-like tails” and “polynomial-like tails”, we establish the following results: (i) the proposed algorithm is consistent, i.e., the index corresponding to the best arm will have the largest value asymptotically; (ii) the proposed algorithm achieves vanishing extremal regret under weaker conditions than the existing algorithms. Numerical experiments on the common class of distributions considered in the literature on extreme bandits highlight the superior finite-sample performance of the proposed algorithm compared to the state of the art.
Polar-Coded Transmission over 7.8-km Terrestrial Free-Space Optical Links (2023)

Free-space optical (FSO) communications can offer high-capacity transmission owing to the properties of the laser beams. However, performance degradation caused by atmospheric turbulence is an urgent issue. Recently, the application of polar codes, which can provide capacity-achieving error-correcting performance with low computational cost for decoding, to FSO communications has been studied. However, long-distance and real-field experiments have not been conducted in these studies. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to present the experimental results of polar-coded transmission over 7.8-km FSO links. Using experimental data, we investigated the performance of polar codes over atmospheric channels, including their superiority to regular low-density parity-check codes. We expect that our results will offer a path toward the application of polar codes in high-speed optical communication networks including satellites.
Nondestructive Characterization of Ceramics Surface with Leaky Surface Wave Velocity. (1997)

Sintered ceramics often have different properties at the near surface from in the middle. With surface waves of different frequency or wavelength, we can estimate the depth-dependent subsurface properties, because the surface wave propagates in surface layer of about one wavelength. In this paper, the leaky surface wave velocities of Si3N4 ceramics with various porosity have been measured by a scanning acoustic microscope at 195 and 440 MHz and by time-of-flight measurement with a PVDF line focused sensor at 36 MHz. The velocities measured at 440 MHz are much higher than those at 36MHz, while the latter are very close to the Rayleigh wave velocities calculated with bulk velocities measured at 5 MHz. This shows elastic constant near surface is higher than that in the middle.
Abstract 14864: Impact of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation on 1-year Clinical Outcomes Following Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty in Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease (2015)

Background: To date, there is no study regarding the impact of chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) on clinical outcomes following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in patients (pts) with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods: We investigated the 512 consecutive symptomatic PAD pts underwent PTA from September 2004 to December 2013. Individual and composite cumulative clinical outcomes of PAD pts with AF (n=465) at 1 year were compared with those of PAD pts with normal sinus rhythm (NSR, n=47). Results: In baseline characteristics, there were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics including gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), chronic renal insufficiency, dialysis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, symptoms of PAD such as claudication, resting pain, wound, and gangrene between the two groups except age; The AF group tended to be elder than non-AF group (67.15±10.56 years vs. 70.21±8.93 years, respectively, p=0.051). At 1 year, there was no significant differences in major clinical outcomes such as the incidence of repeat PTA, target lesion revascularization (TLR), target extremity revascularization (TER), target extremity surgery (TES), above-the-knee amputation, above-the-ankle amputation, below-the-ankle amputation, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and major adverse cerebrocardiovascular events (MACCEs) between the two groups. However, after adjustment of baseline confounders, the incidence of total death, cardiac death, and CVA were higher in the AF group as compared with non-AF group (Table). Conclusions: In our study, symptomatic PAD pts underwent PTA combined with AF was associated with higher incidence of mortality and stroke up to 1-year as compared with PAD pts with NSR.
A Soft-Switched Single-Stage Single-Phase PFC Converter for Bidirectional Plug-In EV Charger (2023)

This paper proposes a novel zero-current assisted soft-switching bidirectional single-stage single-phase isolated power factor correction (PFC) based converter for plug-in EV charger. An isolated topology consists of a current-fed full-bridge converter with bidirectional switches on the ac-side that is connected with a full-bridge converter on the dc-side of a high-frequency transformer (HFT). HFT offers galvanic isolation for safety and high power density, and it is the most desired specification for a battery charger. The converter enables zero current switching (ZCS) of ac-side switches and zero current turn-ON for dc-side switches without any active clamp circuit or passive snubbers, which significantly reduced switching losses, footprints, and cost. The proposed modulation strategy and control technique are presented for promising the soft-switching operation of all semiconductor devices throughout the range for all modes with bidirectional power flow capability. These merits make the converter more feasible, robust, and reliable with high power density for an EV application. A comprehensive study of proposed steady-state operation, design, and simulation results is reported. A proof-of-concept hardware laboratory prototype rated at 1.5 kW is established and tested to validate the claims and proposed converter performance.