gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cefiderocol Treatment for Patients with Multidrug- and Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in the Compassionate Use Program (2023)

Cefiderocol is an option for infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but its <i>in vitro</i> activity against these isolates and its clinical effectiveness for isolates with MICs of >1 μg/mL is unclear. We investigated the <i>in vitro</i> activity of cefiderocol against P. aeruginosa isolates collected from patients treated with cefiderocol through the compassionate use program and assessed physician-reported clinical response and 28-day all-cause mortality by cefiderocol MIC values. P. aeruginosa isolates underwent susceptibility testing to cefiderocol and comparator agents by using reference broth microdilution. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA; susceptible, ≤1 μg/mL) and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI; susceptible, ≤4 μg/mL) cefiderocol breakpoints were applied. Additionally, molecular characterization of β-lactamase genes was performed. Clinical response and vital status were reported by treating physicians. Forty-six patients with P. aeruginosa infections were evaluated. Twenty-nine (63%) and 42 (91%) isolates were susceptible to cefiderocol using FDA and CLSI breakpoints, respectively. Thirty-seven (80%) and 32 (70%) isolates were not susceptible to ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam, respectively. The clinical response rate was 69% (20/29) with a cefiderocol MIC of ≤1 μg/mL, 69% (9/13) with a cefiderocol MIC of 2 to 4 μg/mL, and 100% (4/4) with an MIC of ≥8 μg/mL, while day 28 all-cause mortality rates were 23% (6/26; MIC ≤ 1 μg/mL), 33% (4/12; MIC, 2 to 4 μg/mL), and 0% (0/4; MIC ≥8 μg/mL), respectively. Cefiderocol was active <i>in vitro</i> against most P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with limited or no alternative therapies. Patients with cefiderocol MICs of 2 to 4 μg/mL did not have significantly worse outcomes than those with MICs of ≤1 μg/mL.
Compartmentalization within the nucleus: discovery of a novel subnuclear region. (1991)

Antibodies to a set of structurally related autoantigens (p23-25) bind to a previously uncharacterized, large structural domain in the nucleus of a variety of human cell types. This subnuclear domain is visible by phase contrast alone as a region of decreased density after several different fixation protocols. The morphology of this region changes dramatically during the cell cycle and we have given it the name PIKA (for polymorphic interphase karyosomal association) based on preliminary evidence that the PIKA proteins may be associated with chromatin. The function of the PIKA is not yet known, but our immunolocalization data indicate that it is unlikely to be associated with regions of ongoing DNA replication, heterogeneous nuclear RNA storage, or mRNA processing. The discovery of the PIKA provides evidence supporting an emerging model of nuclear structure. It now appears that the nucleus is organized into distinct domains which include not only the nucleolus, but also previously unidentified regions such as the PIKAs. Furthermore, structural rearrangements undergone by the nucleolus and the PIKAs may be indicative of a broad tendency for nuclear organization to change in a cell cycle-specific fashion.
Ultrasensitive nucleic acid detection based on phosphorothioated hairpin-assisted isothermal amplification (2021)

Herein, we describe a phosphorothioated hairpin-assisted isothermal amplification (PHAmp) method for detection of a target nucleic acid. The hairpin probe (HP) is designed to contain a 5' phosphorothioate (PS)-modified overhang, a target recognition site, and a 3' self-priming (SP) region. Upon binding to the target nucleic acid, the HP opens and the SP region is rearranged to serve as a primer. The subsequent process of strand displacement DNA synthesis recycles the bound target to open another HP and produces an extended HP (EP) with a PS-DNA/DNA duplex at the end, which would be readily denatured due to its reduced thermal stability. The trigger then binds to the denatured 3' end of the EP and is extended, producing an intermediate double-stranded (ds) DNA product (IP). The trigger also binds to the denatured 3' end of the IP, and its extension produces the final dsDNA product along with concomitant displacement and recycling of EP. By monitoring the dsDNA products, the target nucleic acid can be identified down to 0.29 fM with a wide dynamic range from 1 nM to 1 fM yielding an excellent specificity to discriminate even a single base-mismatched target. The unique design principle could provide new insights into the development of novel isothermal amplification methods for nucleic acid detection.
Enantiomeric synthesis of 9-hydroxy-(E)-2-decenoic acid, a queen honeybee pheromone (1983)

S-(+)-, R-(−)-, and (±)-9-hydroxy-(E)-2-decenoic acid have been synthesized by organocuprate-catalyzed opening of S-(−)-, R-(+)-, and racemic methyl oxiranes. This acid, of unknown chirality, is an important constituent of the honeybee queen's mandibular gland.
Theory of Optical Information Storage in Solids (1963)

In photography, information is stored in a medium which is essentially two-dimensional. Three-dimensional optical storage is possible in semitransparent colored materials, like alkali halides with color centers. With the use of coherent light sources, like lasers, large amounts of information can be stored in the volume, and retrieved with little interference. The storage of information is accomplished by the formation of interference patterns between each two plane parallel waves. This paper develops the theory of this form of storage. It turns out that the information storage capacity is as if every little cube with sides equal to the wavelength of light acts as an independent information storage cell, and the essential noise in recovering this information is only the statistical fluctuation in the number of color centers in such a cube. The storage capacity is therefore of the order of 1012–1013 bits per cm3. The main property of this way of information storage is the appearance of a “ghost image,” partly but not completely analogous to the one described previously. This property makes three-dimensional storage very suitable for associative memories. The theory lends support to Beurle’s proposed mechanism of information storage in the brain.
Real-time 3D wind field prediction onboard UAVs for safe flight in complex terrain (2019)

Due to a lack of environment awareness, today's low-altitude fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are limited to primitively follow user-defined waypoints. All high-level decision making is still performed by a human user. Fully-autonomous remote missions in complex environments however require true environment awareness both with respect to terrain and wind. While terrain-aware navigation is covered in existing literature, the real-time estimation and consideration of complex wind patterns onboard UAVs is not. This paper therefore presents the literature's first-ever local 3D wind field prediction method which can run in real time onboard a UAV. The selected method is a simple downscaling approach which retrieves low-resolution data from global weather models and then adjusts the wind field via potential flow theory such that terrain boundaries, mass conservation, and the atmospheric stratification are observed. Typical 3D wind fields of 1 km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> volume are calculated in below 10 seconds. Synthetic test cases such as the flow around a semi-cylinder, through a valley and over a ramp yield good results. A comparison with 3D LIDAR wind data collected over 10 days in the Swiss Alps shows an overall wind error reduction of 23% with respect to the zero-wind assumption that is mostly used for UAV path planning today. Overall, our initial research demonstrates the feasibility of real-time 3D wind field prediction onboard a UAV. However, the focus on low computation time means that the vertical wind prediction lacks accuracy. The paper therefore ends with a research outlook into real-time 3D wind field prediction through the fusion of machine learning techniques with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods.
Envolvimento em atos infracionais e com drogas como possibilidades para lidar com o papel de filho parental (2004)

Este estudo busca compreender a contribuição da dinâmica familiar no processo de construção identitária de adolescentes que cometeram atos infracionais e são usuários de drogas, vivendo em situação de pobreza e exclusão social. Seu referencial teórico é a Teoria Sistêmica. Utiliza-se da metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa-intervenção com dez adolescentes em medida sócio-educativa de semiliberdade e suas famílias. Os resultados apontam para a função do uso de drogas e do cometimento de atos infracionais na adolescência, como uma das saídas encontradas pelo adolescente para lidar com o papel de filho parental, permitindo a resolução da crise identitária.
On Improved DCT Based Channel Estimation with Very Low Complexity for MIMO-OFDM Systems (2009)

This paper deals with a novel transform domain channel estimation (TD-CE) based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) for the MIMO-OFDM system. After the description of the conventional DCT based method, a channel estimation scheme improved in terms of both performance and complexity using small DCT blocks is proposed. Finally the efficiency of this estimator is evaluated within IEEE802.11n and 3GPP/LTE system contexts.
Biological Cell Injection Using an Autonomous MicroRobotic System (2002)

Recent advances in microbiology, such as cloning, demonstrate that increasingly complex micromanipulation strategies are required for manipulating individual biological cells. In this paper, we present a microrobotic system capable of conducting automatic embryo pronuclei DNA injection (cell injection). Conventionally, cell injection has been conducted manually, however, long training, low success rates from poor reproducibility in manual operations, and contamination all call for the elimination of direct human involvement. To automate cell injections, a microrobotic system is developed that is capable of performing automatic embryo pronuclei DNA injection autonomously through a hybrid visual servoing control scheme. A Hough transform is used to detect the nuclei of embryos. Sum-of-squared-differences optical flow is used to track injection pipette motion, and auto focusing is implemented to determine the relative depth of subcellular structures. A hybrid control scheme is developed to fulfill the cell injection task. Upon the completion of injection, the DNA injected embryos are transferred into a pseudo-pregnant foster female mouse to reproduce transgenic mice for cancer studies. The experimental result shows that the injection success rate is 100%.
Total Chemical Synthesis of Biologically Active Fluorescent Dye‐Labeled Ts1 Toxin (2014)

Abstract Ts1 toxin is a protein found in the venom of the Brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus. Ts1 binds to the domain II voltage sensor in the voltage‐gated sodium channel Nav and modifies its voltage dependence. In the work reported here, we established an efficient total chemical synthesis of the Ts1 protein using modern chemical ligation methods and demonstrated that it was fully active in modifying the voltage dependence of the rat skeletal muscle voltage‐gated sodium channel rNav1.4 expressed in oocytes. Total synthesis combined with click chemistry was used to label the Ts1 protein molecule with the fluorescent dyes Alexa‐Fluor 488 and Bodipy. Dye‐labeled Ts1 proteins retained their optical properties and bound to and modified the voltage dependence of the sodium channel Nav. Because of the highly specific binding of Ts1 toxin to Nav, successful chemical synthesis and labeling of Ts1 toxin provides an important tool for biophysical studies, histochemical studies, and opto‐pharmacological studies of the Nav protein.
A Polymersome Nanoreactor with Controllable Permeability Induced by Stimuli‐Responsive Block Copolymers (2009)

A method to generate and control the permeability of polymersome membranes using mixtures of amphiphilic and stimuli-responsive boronic acid-containing block copolymers is reported. The latter block copolymers form phase-separated domains in the polymersomes, which can be dissolved by increasing the pH of the medium or by introducing sugar molecules that covalently bind to the boronic acid moieties.
Analyzing Video Object Motion Focusing on Non-Planar Rotation for Two Video Applications (2006)

In this paper an object-based non-planar rotation estimation for video analysis and video coding is presented. This method is based on a non-planar rotation model which assumes that the moving object as a planar surface. It is also assumed the considered video objects are rigid and have been previously segmented for each key instant considered. The model can be easily adjusted by choosing a suitable region of support (block or arbitrary rigid region). The presented results indicate that the proposed technique is a suitable approach for motion estimation, which can be used for applications such as MPEG-4 block based hybrid coding or MPEG-4 object based video manipulations. Experimental results have been performed on real video sequences
Lidar and Laser Remote Sensing (2001)

Abstract Lidar or laser remote sensing involves the use of a laser beam as an optical probe of the surrounding environment and as a spectroscopic sensor of gases and constituents from afar. This chapter covers the basic techniques used for remote sensing of distant targets and surrounding atmospheric gases, but with an emphasis on the aspects of lidar that uses unique vibrational and rotational optical spectroscopy either in absorption or in Raman scattering. The basic physics of laser remote sensing is covered including that associated with the development of tunable laser sources, line width and wavelength parameters, atmospheric transmission through different atmospheric conditions of fog and gas cloud concentrations, and the detection of the lidar backscattered radiation. Aspects of the lidar equation are presented to help predict the signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N) of the remote sensing signal, the influence and trade‐offs of using different targets (hard targets or atmospheric aerosols) and the use of different spectroscopic interactions including Raman, fluorescence, and nonshifted backscattered lidar radiation. Examples of current research using differential‐absorption lidar (DIAL) and Raman spectroscopic measurements are presented with specific examples of the remote sensing of NH 3 clouds and CO 2 in the atmosphere. Finally, the important role that the development of new tunable lasers plays in lidar sensing is emphasized.
[Trends in non-accidental childhood mortality in the Magdeburg district]. (1990)

Since the foundation of the GDR a constant decrease in the infant mortality was achieved. In 1987 it was 3.02 of 10,000 children between the age of 1 and 15 years. When investigating the death causes, it is quite obvious that for many years it is the accident that hold the first place. Then follow neoplasms, congenital anomalies, nervous diseases and diseases of the sense organs as well as diseases of the respiratory apparatus. The present analysis examines the development of the nonaccidental infant mortality between the age of 1 and under 15 years old. The basis for this analysis are the documents of the Special County Commissions for Reducing Baby- and Infant Mortality in the county of Magdeburg from 1973 until 1986. The most important pathological death causes are shown according to the age, to sex and diagnosis groups. Even their development is shown.
Facilitating participation in adults with and without vision loss by supporting exhibit motivations through real-time descriptive mediation (2014)

Design and evaluation of real-time descriptive mediation (RTDM) for live aquarium exhibits was proposed to support the participation of visitors with and without vision loss. RTDM was developed to address learning, entertainment, restorative, and social motivations. Data was collected during a lab study with adults to get feedback about the RTDM and compare it to traditional docent presentations and audio tours. Findings show that the RTDM made it possible for participants to address their exhibit motivations and led to specific personal and social aspects of participation. A majority of participants with and without vision loss reported that the RTDM was supportive of their motivations and perceived it to be more effective at supporting learning, social, and restoration motivations compared to audio tour and docent mediation. The main contributions of this work are in: 1) developing evidence-based information design criteria for mediation at live animal exhibits; 2) demonstrating that mediation designed to support exhibit motivations can facilitate participation in adults with and without vision loss; and 3) validating participation as a design goal.
Porous Polymer Networks: Synthesis, Porosity, and Applications in Gas Storage/Separation (2010)

Three porous polymer networks (PPNs) have been synthesized by the homocoupling of tetrahedral monomers. Like other hyper-cross-linked polymer networks, these materials are insoluble in conventional solvents and exhibit high thermal and chemical stability. Their porosity was confirmed by N2 sorption isotherms at 77 K. One of these materials, PPN-3, has a Langmuir surface area of 5323 m2 g−1. Their clean energy applications, especially in H2, CH4, and CO2 storage, as well as CO2/CH4 separation, have been carefully investigated. Although PPN-1 has the highest gas affinity because of its smaller pore size, the maximal gas uptake capacity is directly proportional to their surface area. PPN-3 has the highest H2 uptake capacity among these three (4.28 wt %, 77 K). Although possessing the lowest surface area, PPN-1 shows the best CO2/CH4 selectivity among them.
Communication and security extensions for a ubiquitous mobile agent system (UbiMAS) (2005)

Future computers will be integrated in objects of everyday life. The number of processors in the environment will increase and data will be distributed over different nodes. New classes of information and devices will appear, i.e. data will be catched from environmental sensors and will be used for context extraction. The amount of new devices and services makes an efficient use by centralized systems very difficult.Mobile agents provide an eminent method by virtualizing the user and performing actions on her behalf. They offer a possibility to encapsulate information of a person and her preferences, likings, and habits and perform location-based services of the ubiquitous system in the name of the user. This paper presents a mobile agent system application, where a mobile user-agent follows the user while she moves in the physical space. The user-agent knows personal information and communicates with service-agents in the name of its user to perform special tasks. Because of the personal data security and privacy are major concerns of such an agent system. The paper describes the communication of agents and agent nodes and focuses on the security extensions required by this approach
Change in the porosity of polytetrafluoroethylene during radiation modification above the melting temperature (2012)

The X-ray degree of crystallinity, χ, and the density, ρ, of suspension-polymerized polytetrafluoroethylene after its irradiation above the melting temperature of the crystalline phase are studied. A comparison of dose dependences of χ and ρ makes it possible to infer that pores occur in the initial polytetrafluoroethylene and that porosity substantially decreases during irradiation. The time of pore contraction in polytetrafluoroethylene after its radiation modification above the meting temperature is estimated with respect to the order of the magnitude. This estimate is based on the consideration of viscous flow under the action of surface-tension forces.
Are 25 SNPs from the CARDIoGRAM study associated with ischaemic stroke? (2013)

Besides the previously reported association with SNPs on chromosome 9p21, this study did not detect any significant association between IS and CAD-susceptible genetic variants. Also, GRSs compiled from these variants did not predict IS or any pathogenetic IS subtype, despite a total sample size of 6445 participants.
Transgenic mice over expressing Glial Derived Neurotrophic Factor have increased beta cell mass (2007)

The role of the enteric nervous system in regulating β-cell survival is unknown. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a growth factor that plays a critical role in the development and survival of the enteric nervous system. We demonstrate the presence of receptors for GDNF, GFRα1 and RET, on β-cells. GDNF promoted β-cell survival and proliferation and protected them from thapsigargin-induced apoptosis (P<0.0001). GDNF activated the PI-3-kinase pathway in β-TC-6 cells resulting in phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β. Transgenic mice that overexpress GDNF in glia demonstrate increased β-cell mass (2.5 fold increase in transgenic mice vs. WT mice p<0.001). The GDNF transgenic mice had increased β-cell proliferation, insulin content, plasma insulin, and c-peptide levels. Compared to wild-type mice they have significantly lower blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance (p<0.01). GDNF transgenic mice are resistant to streptozotocin-induced β-cell apoptosis (p<0.05) and subsequent hyperglycemia. Mouse islets cultured with GDNF showed improved islet transplantation survival. GDNF and its signaling pathway may provide novel therapeutic targets for improving β-cell survival and mass.
Sex-related differences in amygdala activity influences immediate memory (2010)

Despite a well-established relationship between amygdala activation during learning and long-term memory, contributions of amygdala to immediate memory have not been studied to date. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5-T field strength to determine whether amygdala responses to emotional pictures would predict performance on an immediate recognition memory test. Sex differences in amygdala activation were related to false-positive error rates in recognizing unpleasant pictures. Specifically, increased right amygdala activation during unpleasant picture viewing was related to lower false-positive rates for men and higher false-positive rates for women. Our results indicate that increased amygdala activation while viewing unpleasant pictures may preferentially facilitate immediate recognition memory in men relative to women.