gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rheological characterization of nuclear waste using falling-ball rheometry (1994)

Knowledge of the rheological properties of saturated solutions containing solid particles is very important in nuclear waste management technology. For example, the nuclear waste in the Hanford Site high-level radioactive waste tanks contains strong electrolyte solutions with a high concentration of solids. Previous attempt using rotational viscometers to determine the rheology has shown unusual thixotropic and shear thinning behaviors with a lack of reproducibility. Using falling-ball rheometry, the rheology of the undisturbed simulant may be determined with much better reproducibility. In this study, a well-mixed simulant which has similar chemical composition to the actual waste will be tested. Falling-ball size and density will be varied to get data in a wide range of shear rates. To determine the rheogram, several methods will be tried to match the observed data. Based on these tests, a rheogram can be determined from the model and its best-fit parameters. The simulant shows shear-thinning behavior and a yield stress. This would suggest a H-B model. But when fitting to one of the simulants which showed a very low yield stress, the predictions assuming no yield and assuming yield resulted in no improvement in the fit when assuming yield.
Dissolution of low-enriched UO{sub 2}/Al dispersion plates in alkaline peroxide solution. (1997)

Some conclusions from this report are: (1) A UO{sub 2}/Al dispersion target can be successfully dissolved in alkaline peroxide solutions; (2) after destruction of the peroxide recovery of the {sup 99}Mo would be nearly identical to existing processes using basic dissolution; (3) a low-enriched UO{sub 2}/Al dispersion targets could potentially be used for the production of {sup 99}Mo; and (4) punched cores from a UO{sub 2}/Al dispersion target will be irradiated to low-level burnup and effects of this LEU target on the recovery of {sup 99}Mo will be investigated. A commercial partner will be sought for full scale demonstrations.
Notch Signalling Is Required for the Formation of Structurally Stable Muscle Fibres in Zebrafish (2013)

We propose that by controlling the differentiation of myogenic progenitor cells, Notch signalling might secure the formation of structurally stable muscle fibres in the zebrafish pectoral fin.
Synthesis of 4‐oxo‐4H‐quino[2,3,4‐i,j][1,4]‐benoxazine‐5‐carboxylic acid derivatives (1987)

Abstract The synthesis and antibacterial activity of 1‐substituted amino‐2‐fluoro‐4‐oxo‐4H‐quino[2,3,4‐i,j][1,4]benox‐azine‐5‐carboxylic acid derivatives is described. Key steps in the synthesis include carbon homologation and two intramolecular nucleophilic displacement cyclization reactions to generate the 4‐oxo‐4H‐quino[2,3,4‐i,j]‐[1,4]benoxazine‐5‐carboxylic acid nucleus.
Proteomic and immunological investigation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis secreted proteins (2015)

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiological agent of Johne’s disease, an enteric infection and production-limiting disease of ruminants globally. Fecal-oral transmission is the predominant route of infection whereby asymptomatic cattle intermittently shed Map in feces and milk sustaining pathogen transmission. Current diagnostic tests display poor sensitivity in identifying asymptomatic animals due to the use of undefined antigens and knowledge gaps in Map components eliciting pathogen-specific immunity. In this thesis a proteomic investigation of the Map secretome identified 162 proteins; among which 66 had not been previously reported in Map culture filtrates. Serum antibodies from Map-infected cows identified 11 antigenic targets in the secretome that were subsequently cloned and expressed revealing a subset that could differentiate (P &lt; 0.05) uninfected- (n &gt; 30) from Map-infected cows (n &gt; 30) in ELISAs and immunoblotting. Antisera for six of the antigens showed reactivity to the recombinant and native Map protein, and minimal reactivity to a closely related Mycobacterium avium protein extract suggesting the recognition of Map-specific epitopes. The immunogenicity of these proteins during early Map infection was evaluated at Peyer’s patches (PP) in surgically isolated intestinal compartments during experimental infection of calves. Map-infection of jejunal, but not ileal PPs, induced mucosal IgA B cell responses to 9 proteins in the majority of calves (n=7) assayed at 1–2 months post-infection. Secretory IgA specific to these 9 proteins was detected in the jejunal and ileal contents consistent with the homing of B-lymphocytes to the gut mucosa. These data report for the first time: that Map uptake occurs in jejunal PP, in addition to ileal PP; secreted Map proteins induce both systemic IgG and mucosal IgA antibody responses during the early stages of Map-infection; and, there is a functional dichotomy in mucosal immunity at jejunal and ileal PPs in calves. These secreted proteins provide novel diagnostic reagents for the advancement of both serological and fecal IgA-based early detection of Johne’s disease in cattle. In addition, these immunogenic proteins provide pathogen-specific tools to further interrogate both host systemic and mucosal immune responses occurring in cattle during Map-infection.
How is maximal expiratory flow reduced in canine postpneumonectomy lung growth? (1991)

Six dogs underwent left pneumonectomy (P) at 10 wk of age, while four littermates had a sham operation (C). All dogs were studied at 26 wk of age. Pressure capsules were placed on the right lung to measure lobar alveolar pressures and flows, and a Pitot-static tube was used to measure dynamic intrabronchial pressures. Vital capacity and lung elastic recoil did not differ between P and C. At all lung volumes studied, maximum expiratory flows (Vmax) in P were substantially lower than in C. Choke points in P were located more peripherally than in C. In central airways subjected to the same distending pressure, calculated cross-sectional area was significantly lower in P than in C, indicating different bronchial area-pressure behavior. In P, frictional resistances of the right lower, middle, and cardiac lobes were significantly higher than those in C. These results indicate that the reduction in Vmax in P was greater than would have been expected on the basis of reductions in central airway diameter alone. We calculated that, in the middle vital capacity range, approximately 60% of the decrease in Vmax was due to changes in dynamic central airways properties, and approximately 40% was due to increased lobar frictional resistance related to compensatory growth.
DUPLICATION 22Q11.2: CLINICALLY HETEROGENEOUS NEW SYNDROME OR GENETIC POLYMORPHISM? (2007)

Duplication of 22q11.2, the velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) region, has been described as the mechanism underlying a new condition associated with a spectrum of physical and developmental features. We are aware of 50 cases in the literature. Duplication at 22q11.2 is expected to occur at equal frequency as its deletion; however, the duplication syndrome has been diagnosed much less frequently than VCFS. This apparent underdetection may result from the clinical variability of the syndrome. In reported cases common features have included dysmorphic facies, cleft palate, congenital heart disease, poor postnatal growth, seizures, and mild to severe cognitive impairment. Significant interfamilial and intrafamilial variation has been described. In an effort to refine our understanding of duplication 22q11.2, we present six newly ascertained cases from four families, including two mother-daughter pairs. Our cases demonstrate many clinical features that have been associated with the syndrome. However, they also include several manifestations not previously described: hemihyperplasia, multiple hemangiomas, congenital hypothyroidism, infantile cholelithiasis, and radial aplasia. Notably, two of our cases are parents of affected children who carry duplication 22q11.2 without apparent clinical sequelae. Our observations expand the range of anomalies associated with duplication 22q11.2. The presence of unaffected parents in our families suggests a complicated mechanism inheritance for this syndrome. Alternatively, duplication 22q11.2 may represent a polymorphism that has incidentally been detected in patients with unrelated conditions. We expect that duplication 22q11.2 will be found with increasing frequency as the range of associated clinical manifestations is more widely recognized. Careful study of families carrying this duplication will be necessary to distinguish a new syndrome from a possible polymorphism.
Transparent SiO 2 Barrier Coatings: Conversion and Production Status (1994)

Silicon oxide based thin film coatings were deposited onto poly (ethylene terepthlate) (PET) and oriented polypropylene (OPP) with a plasma-based process in roll-to-roll equipment ranging in width from 0.3-1.5 meters. The current status of silicon oxide coated polymer barrier performance, along with the conversion status including specific inks, adhesives and primers used to make laminated structures will be presented. Barrier performance of generic packaging structures will also be presented. DISCUSSION Thin film gas barrier depositions were introduced to the packaging industry through aluminum metallization of polymer substrates in the 1970’s. Aluminized films have proved to be very useful in the packaging area and have grown in use over the years. Transparent thin film barrier materials based on oxides of silicon and aluminum, that give similar performance as an aluminization process without the opaque nature of a metal layer, were introduced to the packaging industry and continue to be developed for commercialization. The transparent webs are microwaveable and allow direct measurement with metal detectors during and after the fabrication of finished packages. There is also a perception in the marketplace that these transparent barriers are more environmentally friendly than conventional PvDC or PVC clear barrier materials. Two methods of depositing the oxides of silicon and aluminum are currently being commercialized: evaporation (for both aluminum oxide and silicon oxide) and chemical plasma deposition, CPD (for silicon oxide only). This paper focuses on silicon dioxide depositions made only using the plasma process. Transparent SiO 2 barrier films were deposited from plasma decomposition of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane [TMDSO] or hexamethyldisiloxane [HMDSO], oxygen and helium in a 40 kHz plasma discharge onto polymeric webs. The films were deposited at 50 mTorr process pressure (Figure 1). Common polymer packaging films poly (ethylene terepthalate) [PET], and biaxially oriented polypropylene [OPP] were used as substrates. Three different plasma systems were used to deposit
Activation of mitochondrial Raf-1 is involved in the antiapoptotic effects of Akt. (1999)

The Akt serine/threonine kinase is required for the survival of many cell types and for transformation of hematopoietic cells by the BCR/ABL oncogenic tyrosine kinase. Analysis of the potential mechanisms whereby Akt promotes survival of hematopoietic cells revealed that it induced the activity of plasma membrane and mitochondrial Raf-1 in a Ras-independent, but PKC-dependent manner. Inhibition of plasma membrane Raf-1-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase activity had no effect on the enhanced survival of cells expressing Akt. By contrast, suppression of mitochondrial Raf-1 enzymatic activity by expression of a mitochondria-targeted Raf-1 dominant-negative mutant rendered Akt-expressing cells susceptible to apoptosis induced by growth factor deprivation and was accompanied by inhibition of BAD, but not mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphorylation. Together, these data indicate that PKC-dependent activation of Raf-1 plays an important role in Akt-dependent antiapoptotic effects.
Fischer–Tropsch: Product Selectivity–The Fingerprint of Synthetic Fuels (2019)

The bulk of the products that were synthesized from Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a wide range (C1–C70+) of hydrocarbons, primarily straight-chained paraffins. Additional hydrocarbon products, which can also be a majority, are linear olefins, specifically: 1-olefin, trans-2-olefin, and cis-2-olefin. Minor hydrocarbon products can include isomerized hydrocarbons, predominantly methyl-branched paraffin, cyclic hydrocarbons mainly derived from high-temperature FTS and internal olefins. Combined, these products provide 80–95% of the total products (excluding CO2) generated from syngas. A vast number of different oxygenated species, such as aldehydes, ketones, acids, and alcohols, are also embedded in this product range. These materials can be used to probe the FTS mechanism or to produce alternative chemicals. The purpose of this article is to compare the product selectivity over several FTS catalysts. Discussions center on typical product selectivity of commonly used catalysts, as well as some uncommon formulations that display selectivity anomalies. Reaction tests were conducted while using an isothermal continuously stirred tank reactor. Carbon mole percentages of CO that are converted to specific materials for Co, Fe, and Ru catalysts vary, but they depend on support type (especially with cobalt and ruthenium) and promoters (especially with iron). All three active metals produced linear alcohols as the major oxygenated product. In addition, only iron produced significant selectivities to acids, aldehydes, and ketones. Iron catalysts consistently produced the most isomerized products of the catalysts that were tested. Not only does product selectivity provide a fingerprint of the catalyst formulation, but it also points to a viable proposed mechanistic route.
Low-sensitivity to process variations aging sensor for automotive safety-critical applications (2010)

In this paper, circuit failure prediction by timing degradation is used to monitor semiconductor aging, which is a safety-critical problem in the automotive market. Reliability and variability issues are worsening with device scaling down. For safe operation, we propose on-chip, on-line aging monitoring. A novel aging sensor (to be selectively inserted in key locations in the design and to be activated from time to time) is proposed. The aging sensor is a programmable delay sensor, allowing decision-making for several degrees of severity in the aging process. It detects abnormal delays, regardless of their origin. Hence, it can uncover ¿normal¿ aging (namely, due to NBTI) and delay faults due to physical defects activated by long circuit operation. The proposed aging sensor has been optimized to exhibit low sensitivity to PVT (Process, power supply Voltage and Temperature) variations. Moreover, the area overhead of the new architecture is significantly less than the one of other aging sensors presented in the literature. Simulation results with a 65 nm sensor design are presented, ascertaining its usefulness and its low sensitivity, in particular to process variations.
K-band direct detect MMIC Si micromachined radiometer (2002)

This paper describes the design of a K-Band direct detect MMIC radiometer using bulk micromachining techniques to create the conformal package, interconnecting structures and CPW-fed slot-coupled patch antenna array. Parylene encapsulation is used following die-attach and wire bonding. Also, a unique on-board calibration technique using an MHEMT based cold/warm noise source offers an alternative to other forms of calibration of radiometers and radar receivers. Experimental results are given for the 20.7 GHz radiometer printed on high-resistivity silicon.
Physical assessment of a Mollisol under agroecological managements at Quillota valley. Mediterranean Central Chile (2020)

A number of agroecological practices have been proposed for assessing soil quality. Several physical soil properties have been shown to be important for determining soil quality by using the sustainability index and the cumulative rating approach. The main aim of the study was to determine the effects of different agroecological managements on the physical properties of a Mollisol in the Mediterranean central Chile. In addition, some physical properties were selected to compare the soil quality among different agroecological management practices and highly mechanized intensive systems by using the SI and cumulative rating approaches. An experimental field was defined in an area of
A 5-MicroRNA Signature for Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis and hsa-miR-31 for Prognosis (2011)

Our results identified a new diagnostic microRNA classifier for SCC among Chinese patients and a new prognostic biomarker, hsa-miR-31.
Speech Synthesis for Conversational News Contents Delivery (2019)

We have been developing a speech-based “news-delivery system”, which can transmit news contents via spoken dialogues. In such a system, a speech synthesis sub system that can flexibly adjust the prosodic features in utterances is highly vital: the system should be able to highlight spoken phrases containing noteworthy information in an article; it should also provide properly controlled pauses between utterances to facilitate user’s interactive reactions including questions. To achieve these goals, we have decided to incorporate the position of the utterance in the paragraph and the role of the utterance in the discourse structure into the bundle of features for speech synthesis. These features were found to be crucially important in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements for the spoken utterances by the thorough investigation into the news-telling speech data uttered by a voice actress. Specifically, these features dictate the importance of information carried by spoken phrases, and hence should be effectively utilized in synthesizing prosodically adequate utterances. Based on these investigations, we devised a deep neural network-based speech synthesis model that takes as input the role and position features. In addition, we designed a neural network model that can estimate an adequate pause length between utterances. Experimental results showed that by adding these features to the input, it becomes more proper speech for information delivery. Furthermore, we confirmed that by inserting pauses properly, it becomes easier for users to ask questions during system utterances.
A comparative genetic analysis between collagen‐induced arthritis and pristane‐induced arthritis (2003)

The underlying genetic control of CIA was found to have many, but not all, pathogenic mechanisms in common with PIA, despite the use of a cartilage-specific antigen (type II collagen) to induce CIA but not PIA.
Emission-Tunable CuInS2/ZnS Quantum Dots: Structure, Optical Properties, and Application in White Light-Emitting Diodes with High Color Rendering Index (2014)

Synthesis and application of CuInS2/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) with varying [Cu]/[In] ratios were conducted using a stepwise solvothermal route. CuInS2 (CIS) core QDs with varying [Cu]/[In] ratios exhibited deep-red emissions result from donor-acceptor pair recombination. The absorption and emission band gap of the CuInS2 QDs increased with the decrease in Cu content. The emission bands of the CuInS2/ZnS were tuned from 550 to 616 nm by controlling the [Cu]/[In] ratio after coating ZnS layer. The CIS QDs model was developed to elucidate the synthesized crystal structure and photoluminescence of the QDs with various [Cu]/[In] ratios. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra of the CIS/ZnS QDs were also investigated. The temperature dependency of the photoluminescence energy and intensity for various CIS/ZnS QDs were studied from 25 to 200 °C. Efficient white light-emitting diodes with high color rendering index values (Ra = 90) were fabricated using CIS/ZnS QDs as color converters in combination with green light-emitting Ba2SiO4:Eu(2+) phosphors and blue light-emitting diodes.
A Ca 2+ signaling pathway regulates a K + channel for low-K response in Arabidopsis (2006)

Nutrient sensing is critical for plant adaptation to the environment. Because of extensive farming and erosion, low content of mineral nutrients such as potassium (K(+)) in soils becomes a limiting factor for plant growth. In response to low-K conditions, plants enhance their capability of K(+) uptake through an unknown signaling mechanism. Here we report the identification of a Ca(2+)-dependent pathway for low-K response in Arabidopsis. We are not aware of any other example of a molecular pathway for a nutrient response in plants. Earlier genetic analyses revealed three genes encoding two Ca(2+) sensors (CBL1 and CBL9) and their target protein kinase (CIPK23) to be critical for plant growth on low-K media and for stomatal regulation, indicating that these calcium signaling components participate in the low-K response and turgor regulation. In this study, we show that the protein kinase CIPK23 interacted with, and phosphorylated, a voltage-gated inward K(+) channel (AKT1) required for K(+) acquisition in Arabidopsis. In the Xenopus oocyte system, our studies showed that interacting calcium sensors (CBL1 and CBL9) together with target kinase CIPK23, but not either component alone, activated the AKT1 channel in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, connecting the Ca(2+) signal to enhanced K(+) uptake through activation of a K(+) channel. Disruption of both CBL1 and CBL9 or CIPK23 gene in Arabidopsis reduced the AKT1 activity in the mutant roots, confirming that the Ca(2+)-CBL-CIPK pathway functions to orchestrate transporting activities in planta according to external K(+) availability.
Crude Oil Biodegradation in the Marine Environments (2013)

Petroleum is a viscous liquid mixture that contains thousands of compounds mainly consisting of carbon and hydrogen. Oil fields are not uniformly distributed around the globe, but being in limited areas such as the Persian Gulf region. The world production of crude oil is more than three billion tons per year, and about the half of this is transported by sea. Consequently, the international transport of petroleum by tankers is frequent. All tankers take on ballast water which contaminates the marine environment when it is subsequently discharged. More importantly, tanker accidents exemplified by that of the Exxon Valdez in Prince William Sound, Alaska, severely affect the local marine environment. Off-shore drilling is now common to explore new oil resources and this constitutes another source of petroleum pollution. However, the largest source of marine contamination by petroleum seems to be the runoff from land. Annually, more than two million tons of petroleum is estimated to end up in the sea. Fortunately, petroleum introduced to the sea seems to be degraded either biologically or abiotically.