gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment the Knowledge of the New Trends in Obesity Treatment among Female Students of Applied Medical Sciences in Umm Al-Qura University-Makkah (2018)

Obesity is associated with numerous diseases and metabolic abnormalities.Treatment should begin with lifestyle changes that focus on behavioral modification, diet, and exercise.When lifestyle modification schemes are unsuccessful, drug therapy is an attractive option.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates dietary supplements, including those promoted for weight loss.Weight-loss supplements differ from over-the-counter or prescription medications in that the FDA does not classify them as drugs.In this study we Assess the knowledge and beliefs of students in Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences about new methods used for weight reduction.The present study was conducted on 70 interviewed of students.Specific questionnaire was used to collect data about methods used for weight control.Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS software version 19.The obtained data showed that student's preferred physical activity and diet they have awareness about detox water but little awareness about Conjugated linoleic acid and blood group diet.The present study suggested that Healthcare professionals must make efforts to educate themselves and public about new methods used for weight control.
Quantitative Evaluation of Advanced Traffic Management Systems using Analytic Hierarchy Process (2021)

With technological advancements in recent years, a series of intelligent transportation system (ITS) products have now become available to the transportation agencies to collect data and manage traffic conditions on the roadway network. Among ITS products, the advanced traffic management system (ATMS) has been effectively serving as the central nervous system of a traffic management center. ATMS serves as an integrated application for a wide variety of purposes ranging from data collection to implementing traffic management strategies. Owing to commercial popularity, a series of ATMS products are now available to transportation agencies and there is no consensus on selecting the best-suited product based on tailored requirements. Making a decision for a decision-critical item such as ATMS products on qualitative evidence can add risk to the decision-makers to justify their decision of choice. In this study, a multi-criteria decision analysis framework was proposed for quantitative evaluation of ATMS alternatives that can consider multiple and conflicting decision-making criteria using a real-world example. Moreover, the proposed framework was evaluated for different scenarios related to different applications of ATMS products to provide flexibility to the user in evaluating the ATMS alternatives. Results indicated that the proposed method can be considered as a viable alternative in contrast to a qualitative evidence-based decision-making strategy to minimize the risk associated with the decision-makers. Using the proposed quantitative framework, decision-makers can examine the weights of different criteria under consideration and evaluate multiple ATMS alternatives based on their jurisdiction-specific requirements. The proposed framework can be easily applied to other ITS technology selection processes.
Developmental Changes in Skin Collagen Biosynthesis Pathway in Posthatch Male and Female Chickens (1996)

The developmental changes in skin collagen biosynthesis pathway in male and female chickens were evaluated. Concentration of collagen, levels of mRNA for collagen type I subunits and for lysyl hydroxylase, and the level of three lysyl oxidase-derived cross-links: dehydro-dihydroxylysinonorleucine (DHLNL), dehydro-hydroxylysinonorleucine (HLNL), and dehydro-histidinohydroxymerodesmosine (HHMD) were determined during 4 wk posthatching. Skin collagen content increased with age and was higher in males than in females. In both sexes, the expression of the genes coding for alpha 1 and alpha 2 of collagen type I decreased with age: alpha 1(I) gene expression decreased from Day 3 onwards, whereas the reduction in alpha 2(I) gene expression started 1 wk later. At all ages examined, the expression of both genes was higher in male than in female skin. Males and females lysyl hydroxylase gene expression remained low until Day 16, after which an increase in the enzyme gene expression was observed. An increase in skin HLNL content was observed from Day 3 in both sexes reaching a peak in males at Day 9 and in females 1 wk later. The DHLNL content, which was higher in males than in females at all ages tested, dramatically decreased in both male and female skin from 3 d of age, reaching its lowest level at Day 16, and remained at that low level thereafter. The skin content of HHMD in males and females followed an oscillatory behavior with higher peaks in the male skin. The results suggest that the higher tensile strength of male skin than female skin may be due to the elevated skin collagen content that resulted from increased expression in collagen type I genes on the one hand, and from the higher amounts of various collagen cross-links on the other.
La stimolazione spinale nell’angina pectoris cronica refrattaria: 100 soggetti trattati in 12 anni di esperienza (2011)

SCS is an effective and safe therapeutic option for patients with chronic refractory angina and it is associated with improved functional status and QoL at follow-up.
A repertoire independent and cell intrinsic defect in murine GVHD induction by effector memory T cells (169.6) (2011)

Abstract Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). In murine models of alloSCT, naïve T cells (TN) cause GVHD, while effector memory T cells (TEM) do not. Why TEM fail to cause GVHD is unknown and whether central memory T cells (TCM) are also unable to cause GVHD is controversial. It has been proposed that a more-restricted T cell receptor repertoire within the memory T cell (TM) pool may limit the ability of TM to recognize alloantigens. To address the role of repertoire, we developed a novel T cell receptor transgenic (Tg) GVHD model in which naive CD4+ TS1 Tg T cells, which recognize an epitope of influenza hemagglutinin (HA), are transferred, along with syngeneic bone marrow, into irradiated transgenic recipients that ubiquitously express HA. We then converted TS1 TN to TM and tested these for GVHD induction. TEM caused minimal, transient GVHD whereas TN and TCM caused potent GVHD. TEM engrafted and accumulated in the spleen to the same extent as TN, but failed to accumulate in the colon. Within the colon, TEM were dividing less actively than TN, and in co-transfer experiments TN out-competed TEM. TEM induced GVHD in recipients that lack expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2, indicating that PD-1, which is unregulated on TS1 cells post transplant, limits the ability of TEM to induce GVHD. Thus, cell intrinsic properties independent of repertoire explain the impairment of TEM while TCM clearly can cause GVHD.
Multicellular Ceramics as Catalyst Supports for Controlling Automotive Emissions (1973)

The basic flow and heat transfer properties of monolithic multicellular ceramic structures are described and related to their use as supports for catalysts to control automobile pollutants. Characteristics that make multicellular ceramics particularly suitable as catalytic supports for controlling exhaust emissions include: smaller size, faster heat-up, lower back pressure, lower vibration attrition, and design flexibility. A corderite-mullite system possesses the desirable properties of both low expansion and high use temperature; however, the choice of the composition is a compromise between these two properties. The extrusion technique for manufacturing monoliths is fast and efficient, yielding a uniform, reproducible product. Monoliths must be designed as part of a total system since the coating, catalyst, mounting technique, and engine all contribute to the success or failure of the monolithic system.
Wnt Signaling Behaves as a “Master Regulator” in the Osteogenic and Adipogenic Commitment of Human Amniotic Fluid Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2013)

Human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (huAFMSCs) are emerging as a promising therapeutic option in regenerative medicine. Here, we characterized huAFMSC phenotype and multipotentiality. When cultured in osteogenic medium, huAFMSC displayed a significant increase in: Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity and mRNA expression, Alizarin Red S staining and Runx2 mRNA expression; whereas maintaining these cells in an adipogenic culture medium gave a time-dependent increase in PPARγ and FABP4 mRNA expression, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity and positivity to Oil Red Oil staining. These results confirm that huAFMSCs can differentiate toward osteogenic and adipogenic phenotypes. The canonical Wnt/ßcatenin signaling pathway appears to trigger huAFMSC osteoblastogenesis, since during early phases of osteogenic differentiation, the expression of Dishevelled-2 (Dvl-2), of the non-phosphorylated form of ß-catenin, and the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK3ß) at serine 9 were upregulated. On the contrary, during adipogenic differentiation Dvl-2 expression decreased, whereas that of ß-catenin remained unchanged. This was associated with a late increase in GSK3ß phosphorylation. Consistent with this scenario, huAFMSCs exposure to Dickkopf-1, a selective inhibitor of the Wnt signaling, abolished Runx2 and ALP mRNA upregulation during huAFMSC osteogenic differentiation, whereas it enhanced FABP4 expression in adipocyte-differentiating cells. Taken together, these results unravel novel molecular determinants of huAFMSC commitment towards osteoblastogenesis, which may represent potential targets for directing the differentiation of these cells and improving their use in regenerative medicine.
Estimation of Magnetic Interactions and Magnetic Structures in Charge-transfer Salts Based on [Cr(isoq)2(NCS)4]-(isoq = Isoquinoline) (2004)

Magnetic interactions J in [Cr(isoq) 2 (NCS) 4 ] - -based charge-transfer salts, (BDH-TTP)[Cr(isoq) 2 (NCS) 4 ], (TMTTF)[Cr(isoq) 2 (NCS) 4 ], and (BO)[Cr(isoq) 2 (NCS) 4 ], are estimated on the basis of the extended Hückel molecular orbital calculations (BDH-TTP = 2,5-bis(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene, BO = bis(ethylenedioxy)-tetrathiafulvalene, TMTTF = tetramethyltetrathiafulvalene, and isoq = isoquinoline). From this, experimental magnetic properties are discussed, and the magnetic structures are determined. (BDH-TTP)[Cr(isoq) 2 (NCS) 4 ] is composed of two-dimensional array of antiferromagnetically coupled ferrimagnetic chains. These two-dimensional arrays, however, have net magnetic moment perpendicular to the sheets and give rise to weak ferromagnetism. (TMTTF)[Cr(isoq) 2 (NCS) 4 ] and (BO)[Cr(isoq) 2 (NCS) 4 ] have similar “body-centered” molecular arrangement. The TMTTF salt has considerable πd-interaction in two directions, and this compound actually shows a magnetic transition. The BO salt has large πd-interaction only in one direction, but the frustrating dd- and ππ-interactions are considerably large. Consequently, this compound does not exhibit a magnetic transition.
WebInSight: (2006)

Images without alternative text are a barrier to equal web access for blind users. To illustrate the problem, we conducted a series of studies that conclusively show that a large fraction of significant images have no alternative text. To ameliorate this problem, we introduce WebInSight, a system that automatically creates and inserts alternative text into web pages on-the-fly. To formulate alternative text for images, we present three labeling modules based on web context analysis, enhanced optical character recognition (OCR) and human labeling. The system caches alternative text in a local database and can add new labels seamlessly after a web page is downloaded, resulting in minimal impact to the browsing experience.
Extracellular Vesicle Flow Cytometry Analysis and Standardization (2017)

The term extracellular vesicles (EVs) describes membranous vesicles derived from cells, ranging in diameter from 30 to 1,000 nm with the majority thought to be in the region of 100-150 nm. Due to their small diameter and complex and variable composition, conventional techniques have struggled to accurately count and phenotype EVs. Currently, EV characterization using high-resolution flow cytometry is the most promising method when compared to other currently available techniques, due to it being a high-throughput, single particle, multi-parameter analysis technique capable of analyzing a large range of particle diameters. Whilst high resolution flow cytometry promises detection of the full EV diameter range, standardization of light scattering and fluorescence data between different flow cytometers remains an problem. In this mini review, we will discuss the advances in high-resolution flow cytometry development and future direction of EV scatter and fluorescence standardization. Standardization and therefore reproducibility between research groups and instrumentation is lacking, hindering the validation of EVs use as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics.
An observational cohort study of interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) in a large Japanese health screening population (Kumamoto ILA study in Japan: KILA-J) (2023)

UMIN000045149.
Treat - an applicative code generator (1984)

Treat is a special purpose language for use in compiler writing. A Treat program translates a graph into c-trees (the intermediate language of the pcc compiler) and uses the back end of the C compiler to generate code. Treat has been developed specifically for use in an AdaTM compiler. A Treat program consists of applicative transformation rules. Treat's distinctive aspects include triggering transformations during pattern matching, a context mechanism for dynamic binding and assignment in a language with lazy evaluation.
Quantitative stem cell biology: the threat and the glory (2016)

Major technological innovations over the past decade have transformed our ability to extract quantitative data from biological systems at an unprecedented scale and resolution. These quantitative methods and associated large datasets should lead to an exciting new phase of discovery across many areas of biology. However, there is a clear threat: will we drown in these rivers of data? On 18th July 2016, stem cell biologists gathered in Cambridge for the 5th annual Cambridge Stem Cell Symposium to discuss 'Quantitative stem cell biology: from molecules to models'. This Meeting Review provides a summary of the data presented by each speaker, with a focus on quantitative techniques and the new biological insights that are emerging.
Correcting Supercharging in Formation-Pressure Measurements Made While Drilling (2005)

Abstract This paper describes a method to correct formation pressures measured while drilling for the effects of supercharging (increased sandface pressure caused by drilling fluid filtrate leakoff).The method consists of deliberately varying the wellbore pressure, measuring that and the sandface pressure response, and then using a mathematical model, taking account of fluid flows within filtercake and formation to quantify the amount of sandface pressure elevation.The true formation pressure then follows by subtracting this estimate of the supercharging from the actual measurement.The method is explained and demonstrated using synthetic data, and then application to data taken in a real well is shown.
A Deeper Look into Convolutions via Pruning. (2021)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are able to attain better visual recognition performance than fully connected neural networks despite having much less parameters due to their parameter sharing principle. Hence, modern architectures are designed to contain a very small number of fully-connected layers, often at the end, after multiple layers of convolutions. It is interesting to observe that we can replace large fully-connected layers with relatively small groups of tiny matrices applied on the entire image. Moreover, although this strategy already reduces the number of parameters, most of the convolutions can be eliminated as well, without suffering any loss in recognition performance. However, there is no solid recipe to detect this hidden subset of convolutional neurons that is responsible for the majority of the recognition work. Hence, in this work, we use the matrix characteristics based on eigenvalues in addition to the classical weight-based importance assignment approach for pruning to shed light on the internal mechanisms of a widely used family of CNNs, namely residual neural networks (ResNets), for the image classification problem using CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and Tiny ImageNet datasets.
Progression of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) colonic cells after transfer of the src or polyoma middle T oncogenes: cooperation between src and HGF/Met in invasion (1997)

Little is known about the the signalling pathways driving the adenoma-to-carcinoma sequence in human colonic epithelial cells. Accumulation and activation of the src tyrosine kinase in colon cancer suggest a potential role of this oncogene in this early progression. Therefore, we introduced either activated src (m-src), polyoma-MT alone or combined with normal c-src in the adenoma PC/AA/C1 cell line (PC) to define the function and phenotypic transformations induced by these oncogenes in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) colonic epithelial cells. Functional expression of these oncoproteins induced the adenoma-to-carcinoma conversion, overexpression of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor Met, but failed to confer invasiveness in vivo and in vitro, or to produce alterations in cell proliferation and differentiation. In contrast, PC-msrc cells became susceptible to the HGF-induced invasion of collagen gels and exhibited sustained activation of the pp60src tyrosine kinase and Tyr phosphorylation of the 120-kDa E-cadherin, which was further increased by HGF Transcripts of HGF were clearly identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blot in the parental and transformed PC cells, suggesting an autocrine mechanism. Taken together, the data indicate that: (1) experimental activation of src and PyMT pathways directly induces tumorigenicity and Met upregulation in a colon adenoma cell line; (2) HGF-activated Met and src cooperate in inducing invasion; (3) in view of the molecular associations between catenins and cadherin or the tumour-suppressor gene product APC, the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin may constitute a downstream effector of src and Met.
The Synthesis of a Photoreactive Puromycin Analogue and Its Application for Labeling Proteins in the 50‐S Subunit of Escherichia coli Ribosomes (1978)

A photoreactive puromycin analogue, 6‐dimethylamino‐9‐[3‐( p ‐azido‐ l ‐β‐phenlalanylamino)‐3‐deoxy‐β‐ribofuranosyl] purine, was synthesized. Biological activity was demonstrated by inhibition of the poly(U)‐directed phenylalanine‐incorporation system and by decomposition of isolated polysoomes from Escherichia coli . The 3 H‐labeled puromycin analogue was covalently attache to the 50‐S subunit of isolate 70‐S ribosomes from Escherichia coli after irradiation. More than 90% of the radioactivity was bounmd to the protein fraction. The 70‐S proteins were separted by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. The proteins labeled primarily were those of the 50‐S subunit, identified as L6, L13, L18, L22 and L25. On the basis of the affnity label used and supportive data from the literature, it is concluded that these proteins are at the active center of the 50‐S particle and probably bellong to the region of the ribosomal A site.
DNA polymerase proofreading: active site switching catalyzed by the bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase (2007)

DNA polymerases achieve high-fidelity DNA replication in part by checking the accuracy of each nucleotide that is incorporated and, if a mistake is made, the incorrect nucleotide is removed before further primer extension takes place. In order to proofread, the primer-end must be separated from the template strand and transferred from the polymerase to the exonuclease active center where the excision reaction takes place; then the trimmed primer-end is returned to the polymerase active center. Thus, proofreading requires polymerase-to-exonuclease and exonuclease-to-polymerase active site switching. We have used a fluorescence assay that uses differences in the fluorescence intensity of 2-aminopurine (2AP) to measure the rates of active site switching for the bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase. There are three findings: (i) the rate of return of the trimmed primer-end from the exonuclease to the polymerase active center is rapid, >500 s(-1); (ii) T4 DNA polymerase can remove two incorrect nucleotides under single turnover conditions, which includes presumed exonuclease-to-polymerase and polymerase-to-exonuclease active site switching steps and (iii) proofreading reactions that initiate in the polymerase active center are not intrinsically processive.
Vesting of private pension benefits in 1979 and change from 1972. (1981)

This article examines the prevalence of vested private pension benefits in 1979 as reported by full-time private wage and salary workers actively participating in pension plans. It also analyzes the effect of selected demographic, economic, labor-force, and plan characteristics on vested status. Years of participation in a plan was by far the most important predictor of vested status. Age was positively related to vested status even after accounting for the longer plan participation of older workers. Evidence pertaining to occupation, size of firm, and type of employer plan suggests that multi-employer plans and those covering professional and managerial workers and the employees of the smallest firms have more rapid vesting schedules than plans covering other workers. Sex, race, union representation, and earnings had little meaningful effect on vested status. This article also examines change in the prevalence of vesting after passage of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) by comparing reported vested rates for 1972 and 1979. The proportion of plan participants reporting vested benefits rose substantially during this period, a finding suggestive of ERISA's substantial impact. The magnitude of the change is examined by years of service with employer, age, sex, earnings, occupation, and industry.
Personal Learning Environments: Challenging the Dominant Design of Educational Systems. (2006)

Current systems used in education follow a consistent design pattern, not supportive of lifelong learning or personalization, is asymmetric in terms of user capability, and which is disconnected from the global ecology of Internet services. In this paper we propose an alternative design pattern for educational systems thatemphasizes symmetric connections with a range of services both in formal and informal learning, worstrategies for implementation and experimentation.