gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wideband millimeter wave circularly polarized substrate integrated waveguide end-fire antenna array (2017)

A wideband circularly polarized (CP) substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) end-fire antenna array operating at millimeter wave band is proposed in this paper. Wideband CP performance (with |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | lower than -10 dB and axial ratio (AR) lower than 3 dB) of an array element is achieved by placing an antipodally printed electric dipole in front of an SIW aperture with a tapered balun transition. The configuration of the proposed CP end-fire element shows great superiority as flexibility in feeding structure, compactness in size, as well as implementability in array construction. As a proof, a four-element array is thereby designed by employing a T-shaped four-way power divider. Results indicate that the proposed array operates with a 14.3% impedance bandwidth ranging from 19.4 GHz to 22.4 GHz and a 17.5% 3-dB AR bandwidth ranging from 19.3 GHz to 23 GHz.
The effects of statins on the mevalonic acid pathway in recombinant yeast strains expressing human HMG-CoA reductase (2013)

Statins influence the sterol pool, gene expression and protein levels of enzymes from the sterol and nonsterol isoprenoid biosynthesis branches and this effect depends on the type of statin administered. Our model system is a cheap and convenient tool for characterizing individual statins or screening for novel ones, and could also be helpful in individualized selection of the most efficient HMGR inhibitors leading to the best response and minimizing serious side effects.
Mixed-Projection Treemaps: A Novel Approach Mixing 2D and 2.5D Treemaps (2017)

This paper presents a novel technique for combining 2D and 2.5D treemaps using multi-perspective views to leverage the advantages of both treemap types. It enables a new form of overview+detail visualization for tree-structured data and contributes new concepts for real-time rendering of and interaction with treemaps. The technique operates by tilting the graphical elements representing inner nodes using affine transformations and animated state transitions. We explain how to mix orthogonal and perspective projections within a single treemap. Finally, we show application examples that benefit from the reduced interaction overhead.
Review : Developing children's nursing through action research (1998)

Action research provides an ideal strategy for the integration of theory and practice, as it focuses on the development of theory in practice. Action research is gaining in popularity and acceptance. The collaborative approaches of action research parallel the dominant philosophies of participation and partnership in contemporary children's nursing. Taking the lead in identifying areas of practice for action research is a natural extension of the children's nurse's role as advocate for the child and family. The challenge for the future is to expand the use of action research in children's nursing and to include service users--the children and their families--in the research teams.
Abstract 1258: Pooled-analysis of response markers in cancer cell lines treated with tumor treating fields (2019)

Abstract Low intensity, intermediate frequency alternating electric fields (TTFields) exert an inhibitory effect on numerous cancer cell lines with some variability in the response. The goal of the present study is to compare characteristics of cell lines based on their response pattern to TTFields and to identify response markers. Forty-five different human cancerous cell lines were treated for 72 hours with TTFields at optimal cell-specific frequency at the same nominal intensity (1.7 V/cm). Cytotoxicity and clonogenic potential were determined. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes and mutations associated with response to TTFields was performed based on the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database. Sensitivity to TTFields was compared with pharmacological profiling (CCLE). The cytotoxic response to TTFields was found to be distributed around an average of 50% with (ranging between 14% and 86% reductions in cell counts). The clonogenic effect varied between no effect and 88% reduction in the number of colonies. Increased sensitivity to: Lapatinib, PHA-665752 and PLX-4720 was common in the group of cell lines which were more highly responsive to TTFields. Functional analysis of cell line gene expression and mutation data revealed enriched pathways related to DNA damage repair response, cell migration, hypoxia signaling and oxidative stress. This analysis of cancerous cell line response to TTFields define the optimal frequency to be applied for each cell line and demonstrates the broad effectiveness of TTFields in cells. The role of the specific mutations associated with TTFields response should be further explored in additional studies. Pharmacological profiling may offer a rational for combining specific agents with TTFields. Citation Format: Gitit Lavi Shahaf, Moshe Giladi, Rosa S. Schneiderman, Karnit Gotlieb, Einav Zeevi, Yaara Porat, Mijal Munster, Uri Weinberg, Eilon D. Kirson, Yoram Palti. Pooled-analysis of response markers in cancer cell lines treated with tumor treating fields [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1258.
New developments in tissue engineering of vascular prosthetic grafts (2009)

Despite remarkable developments in vascular medicine in the last decades and intensive research on the improvement of bypass materials, an ideal bypass graft comparable to autologous veins or arteries is still not available for peripheral vascular and coronary artery bypass grafting. This article reviews established bypass materials and provides an overview over interesting new technologies particularly those associated with tissue-engineering and those already adopted clinically.
Diffusion of chromium in gallium arsenide (1986)

The diffusion of Cr in GaAs was investigated under both in-diffusion and out-diffusion conditions. In-diffusion sources were CrAs(s)-GaAs(s)-Ga(l), three phase mixtures which, at a given temperature, provide an invariant chemical potential of the components. Unexpectedly deep penetration was observed and complex (two-branch) concentration profiles were often observed. The profiles were successfully modeled using an interstitial/substitutional/dissociative model. Different regimes of diffusion conditions gave rise to fast and slow effective diffusion coefficients. Subtle effects of doping and preannealing under arsenic overpressures confirmed the proposed model and served as a probe to study these subtle differences. Out-diffusion experiments led to slow effective diffusion coefficients, consistent with the diffusion model.
Control of a Supernumerary Robotic Hand by Foot: An Experimental Study in Virtual Reality (2015)

In the operational theater, the surgical team could highly benefit from a robotic supplementary hand under the surgeon's full control. The surgeon may so become more autonomous; this may reduce communication errors with the assistants and take over difficult tasks such as holding tools without tremor. In this paper, we therefore examine the possibility to control a third robotic hand with one foot's movements. Three experiments in virtual reality were designed to assess the feasibility of this control strategy, the learning curve of the subjects in different tasks and the coordination of foot movements with the two natural hands. Results show that the limbs are moved simultaneously, in parallel rather than serially. Participants' performance improved within a few minutes of practice without any specific difficulty to complete the tasks. Subjective assessment by the subjects indicated that controlling a third hand by foot has been easy and required only negligible physical and mental efforts. The sense of ownership was reported to improve through the experiments. The mental burden was not directly related to the level of motion required by a task, but depended on the type of activity and practice. The most difficult task was moving two hands and foot in opposite directions. These results suggest that a combination of practice and appropriate tasks can enhance the learning process for controlling a robotic hand by foot.
On extensionality, uniformity and comprehension in the theories of operations and classes (2017)

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Spintronic harvesting of thermal fluctuations on paramagnetic molecular centers around a phase transition (2020)

Experiments and theory are reexamining how the laws of thermodynamics are expressed in a quantum world. Most quantum thermodynamics research is performed at sub-Kelvin temperatures to prevent thermal fluctuations from smearing the mesoscopic quantum engine's discrete energy levels that mediate the asymmetric shuffling of electrons between the electrodes. Meanwhile, several groups report that building an electron-spin based implementation by placing the discrete spin states of paramagnetic centers between ferromagnetic electrodes can not only overcome this drawback, but also induce a net electrical power output despite an apparent thermal equilibrium. We illustrate this apparent thermodynamics conundrum through measurements on several devices of large output power, which endures beyond room temperature. We've inserted the Co paramagnetic center in Co phthalocyanine molecules between electron spin-selecting Fe/C60 interfaces within vertical molecular nanojunctions. This device class behaves as a spintronically controlled switch of current flow, and of its direction. We observe dc current output over several hours, and output power as high as 450nW(24nW) at 40K(360K). This leapfrogs previous results, as well as other energy harvesting strategies involving a thermal gradient. Our data indicates that the output power is strongly altered when the partly fluctuating paramagnetic centers undergo a magnetic phase transition. This new conceptual ingredient in the spin engine can account for the device's operation beyond the boundaries of classical thermodynamics. Further clarifying the phenomenon and developing this technology could help accelerate the transition to clean energy.
Numerical Analysis of the Coupling Between the Flow Kinematics and the Fiber Orientation in Eulerian Simulations of Dilute Short Fiber Suspensions Flows (2002)

Abstract This paper focuses on an accurate evaluation of short fibers suspensions models coupling the flow kinematics with the fiber orientation evolution. In coupled models the flow kinematics is usually solved using the finite element method, where the fiber orientation is introduced in the constitutive equation through its value in some points (nodes or integration points). In this paper we will compare in a simple steady shear flow, the exact solutions of the extra‐stresses associated with the fibers' presence with the numerical simulations obtained using both the method of characteristics and the discontinuous Galerkin's method to solve the equation governing the generalized gradient evolution, in order to avoid the introduction of any closure relation. The error introduced if a quadratic closure relation is considered in the constitutive equation will be also quantified.
Interspecific cell markers and lineage in mammals (1985)

Study of cell lineage in the mammalian embryo has relied heavily on the use of chimeras to follow the fate of genetically marked cells in later development. Such studies have often been limited by the types of genetic markers available; there are very few markers that allow analysis of the spatial distribution of individual cells at all stages of development. We have developed a marker system that is based on the identification of cells of Mus musculus origin in M. musculus-M. caroli chimeras by in situ DNA-DNA hybridization using a cloned probe to M. musculus satellite DNA. This provides the first ubiquitous in situ cell marker system for mammalian chimeras. We have recently refined the system by the use of biotin-labelled probes and detection of hybridization by streptavidin-peroxidase binding. This increases both the speed and the resolution of the assay. We have used the marker for cell lineage analysis in both embryonic and adult chimeras and results from analysis of the derivatives of early cell lineages in later development and study of coherent growth versus cell mixing in the postimplantation embryo are presented. The importance of understanding embryonic cell lineages as a prelude to molecular studies is emphasized.
Assessment of the Hepatic Veins in Poor Contrast Conditions using Dual Energy CT: Evaluation of a Novel Monoenergetic Extrapolation Software Algorithm Beurteilung von Lebervenen bei schwachen Kontrastbedingung in der Dual-Energy-CT: Evaluation eines neuartigen mono- energetischen Extrapolationsalgorithmus (2014)

Zielsetzung: Die Evaluierung eines neuartigen monoenergetischen Nachverarbeitungsalgorithmus (MEI+) bei Patienten mit eingeschrankter intrahepatischer Kontrastierung. Material und Methoden: 25 Patienten wurden retrospektiv in der Studie eingeschlossen. Computertomografien des oberen Abdomen in spater Kontrastmittelphase, welche im Dual-Energy-Modus (100/140kV) akquiriert wurden, wurden als Modell fur eine schwache intrahepatische Kontrastierung verwendet. Es wurden linear gewichtete Mischbilder (MI), traditionelle monoenergetische (MEI), reine 100 und 140kV sowie MEI+ Bilder berechnet. MEI+ ist eine neuartige Technik, welche frequenzbasiert rauschbehaftete virtuelle niedrigkeV Bilder mit Bildern optimaler keV (aus Perspektive des Bildrauschens) kombiniert und so die Vorteile beider Bilddatensatze vereint. Signal-zuRauschen (SNR) und Kontrast-zu-Rauschen (CNR) intrahepatischer Gefase (IHV) und des Leberparenchyms (LP) wurden objektiv gemessen. Subjektiv wurde die Abgrenzbarkeit der IHV von zwei Untersuchern im Konsensus beurteilt und mit portal-venosen Bildern verglichen. Ergebnisse: MEI+ verbesserte SNR von IHV (5,7 ± 0,4 bei 40keV) und LP (4,9 ±1,0 bei 90keV) sowie CNR (2,1 ±0,6 bei 40keV) erheblich, verglichen mit MEI (5,1 ±1,1 bei 80keV; 4,7 ±1,0 bei 80keV; 1,0 ± 0,4 bei 70keV), MI (5,2 ±1,1 M5:5; 4,8 ± 1,0 M5:5; 1,0 ± 3,5 M9:1), reinen 100kV Bildern (4,4 ± 1,0; 3,7 ± 0,8; 1,0 ±0,3) und 140kV Bildern (2,8 ±0,5; 3,1 ± 0,6; 0,1 ±0,2). Die subjektive Beurteilung schatzte MEI+ bei 40 keV gegenuber allen anderen Bildern als uberlegen ein. Schlussfolgerung:MEI+ ist ein vielversprechender Algorithmus fur die monoenergetische Extrapolation, welcher die Limitation eines hohen Bildrauschens bei niedriger virtueller keV uberwindet Abstract !
Characteristics of Precipitation Particles Measured by PARSIVEL Disdrometer at a Mountain and a Coastal Site in Korea (2020)

Abstract This study analyzed HC (Hydrometeor Classification), rain rate, and DSD (Drop Size Distribution) observed using an optical disdrometer, parsivel, at a mountain (Daegwallyeong, DG) and a coastal site (Mokpo, MP) over 2 years (2010–2011). The HC accuracies of the drizzle, rain, and snow were about 95%, 87%, and 80% respectively. The R 2 (coefficient of determination) of the parsivel with TB (Tipping Bucket) rain gauge was 0.91 at MP and 0.96 at DG. The shapes of drizzle and rain DSD observed at DG and MP were similar while the variation in snow DSD was easily influenced by weather condition such as temperature and wind speed. The relatively warm temperature (–5 °C ∼ -0 °C) increased the snow particle number concentration at around 0.6~1 mm diameter and the relatively cold temperature (–15 °C ∼ -10 °C) decreased it above 2 mm diameter. Although wind speed was not a strong factor in snow DSD, larger particles were apt to form in relatively strong wind conditions. Due to different wind directions for the maritime and continental regions, snow particle number density (N(D)) at MP and DG exhibited large differences in terms of snow DSD shape and the number concentration. For instance, in the maritime precipitation, snow DSD shape at MP was broader than that at DG and small-size snow particles were observed at DG more frequently than at MP. In addition, camera-observed snow particle type measurement was carried out at DG in January to March 2010. During the measurement at DG, a mixed type of plate and column was the most frequent and an aggregation of plate type frequently occurred at lower temperatures.
Potent, Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Human Mast Cell Tryptase. Antiasthmatic Action of a Dipeptide-Based Transition-State Analogue Containing a Benzothiazole Ketone (2003)

Inhibitors of human mast cell tryptase (EC 3.4.21.59) have therapeutic potential for treating allergic or inflammatory disorders. We have investigated transition-state mimetics possessing a heterocycle-activated ketone group and identified in particular benzothiazole ketone (2S)-6 (RWJ-56423) as a potent, reversible, low-molecular-weight tryptase inhibitor with a K(i) value of 10 nM. A single-crystal X-ray analysis of the sulfate salt of (2S)-6 confirmed the stereochemistry. Analogues 12 and 15-17 are also potent tryptase inhibitors. Although RWJ-56423 potently inhibits trypsin (K(i) = 8.1 nM), it is selective vs other serine proteases, such as kallikrein, plasmin, and thrombin. We obtained an X-ray structure of (2S)-6 complexed with bovine trypsin (1.9-A resolution), which depicts inter alia a hemiketal involving Ser-189, and hydrogen bonds with His-57 and Gln-192. Aerosol administration of 6 (2R,2S; RWJ-58643) to allergic sheep effectively antagonized antigen-induced asthmatic responses, with 70-75% blockade of the early response and complete ablation of the late response and airway hyperresponsiveness.
Measurement of Burden Profile in Blast Furnaces and Analysis of Measured Results (1984)

Three different types of burden profile meter used at blast furnaces, mechanical, micro-wave, and laser types, were developed during almost the same term. At present, these are used in actual operations of blast furnaces.Main characteristics of each type are as follows. They are mechanisms to drive the weight and to prevent the swing of it (mechanical type), one-antenna system and countermeasures to the power attenuation caused by the interference phenomenon (micro-wave type), and utilization of visible argon laser and data processing technique (laser type).Indices of measured burden profile are scattered even under the same charging condition. Statistical analysis and simulation model are effective for using the measured results in a usual operation.At the present stage, the micro-wave type is best mainly from the viewpoint of maintainability. Completion of a maintainance-free laser type is expected due to its excellent functions.
Clinical and Laboratory Predictors for Plaque Erosion in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes (2019)

Background Plaque erosion is responsible for 25% to 40% of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Recent studies suggest that anti-thrombotic therapy without stenting may be an option for this subset of patients. Currently, however, an invasive procedure is required to make a diagnosis of plaque erosion. The aim of this study was to identify clinical or laboratory predictors of plaque erosion in patients with ACS to enable a diagnosis of erosion without additional invasive procedures. Methods and Results Patients with ACS who underwent optical coherence tomography imaging were selected from 11 institutions in 6 countries. The patients were classified into plaque rupture, plaque erosion, or calcified plaque, and predictors were identified using multivariable logistic modeling. Among 1241 patients with ACS, 477 (38.4%) patients were found to have plaque erosion. Plaque erosion was more frequent in non-ST-segment elevation-ACS than in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (47.9% versus 29.8%, <i>P</i>=0.0002). Multivariable logistic regression models showed 5 independent parameters associated with plaque erosion: age <68 years, anterior ischemia, no diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin >15.0 g/dL, and normal renal function. When all 5 parameters are present in a patient with non-ST-segment elevation-ACS, the probability of plaque erosion increased to 73.1%. Conclusions Clinical and laboratory parameters associated with plaque erosion are explored in this retrospective registry study. These parameters may be useful to identify the subset of ACS patients with plaque erosion and guide them to conservative management without invasive procedures. The results of this exploratory analysis need to be confirmed in large scale prospective clinical studies. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03479723.
Identifying the Basis for VirS/VirR Two-Component Regulatory System Control of Clostridium perfringens Beta-Toxin Production (2021)

Clostridium perfringens toxin production is often regulated by the Agr-like quorum sensing (QS) system signaling the VirS/VirR two-component regulatory system (TCRS), which consists of the VirS membrane sensor histidine kinase and the VirR response regulator. VirS/VirR is known to directly control expression of some genes by binding to a DNA binding motif consisting of two VirR boxes located within 500 bp of the target gene start codon. Alternatively, the VirS/VirR system can indirectly regulate production levels of other proteins by increasing expression of a small regulatory RNA, VR-RNA. Previous studies demonstrated that C. perfringens beta-toxin (CPB) production by C. perfringens type B and C strains is positively regulated by both the Agr-like QS and the VirS/VirR TCRS, but the mechanism has been unclear. The current study first inactivated the <i>vrr</i> gene encoding VR-RNA to show that VirS/VirR regulation of <i>cpb</i> expression does not involve VR-RNA. Subsequently, bioinformatic analyses identified a potential VirR binding motif, along with a predicted strong promoter, ∼1.4 kb upstream of the <i>cpb</i> open reading frame (ORF). Two insertion sequences were present between this VirR binding motif/promoter region and the <i>cpb</i> ORF. PCR screening of a collection of strains carrying <i>cpb</i> showed that the presence and sequence of this VirR binding motif/promoter is highly conserved among CPB-producing strains. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and a GusA reporter assay showed this VirR binding motif is important for regulating CPB production. These findings indicate that VirS/VirR directly regulates <i>cpb</i> expression via VirS binding to a VirR binding motif located unusually distant from the <i>cpb</i> start codon. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Clostridium perfringens beta-toxin (CPB) is only produced by type B and C strains. Production of CPB is essential for the pathogenesis of type C-associated infections, which include hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis and enterotoxemia in both humans and animals. In addition, CPB can synergize with other toxins during C. perfringens gastrointestinal diseases. CPB toxin production is cooperatively regulated by the Agr-like quorum sensing (QS) system and the VirS/VirR two-component regulatory system. This study now reports that the VirS/VirR regulatory cascade directly controls expression of the <i>cpb</i> gene via a process involving a VirR box binding motif located unusually far (∼1.4 kb) upstream of the <i>cpb</i> ORF. This study provides a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms for CPB production by the VirS/VirR regulatory cascade.