gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-scale compliant structures for use as a chip-scale dry adhesive (2005)

Many insects and lizards display the amazing ability to climb and stick to just about any surface. Recent research has honed in on these systems to better understand how they work (Autumn et al., 2000, Autumn et al., 2002, Persson, 2003, Spolenak et al., 2005), particularly on how fine sub-micron hairs enhance van der Waals, or other interactions. Provided enough intimate surface contact these "weak" forces can add up to produce significant amounts of adhesion. Additionally the attractive interaction, adhesion, must be much larger than repulsive forces, due to elastic deformation, for the adhesive to be effective. To achieve this, nature has created a hierarchal structure to conform over a range of size scales (Hildebrand, 1988). In this work, microfabrication techniques are used to create a synthetic dry adhesive modeled after the fine hair adhesive motif found in nature. The artificial structure consists of a silicon dioxide platform, covered with polymeric nanorods, and supported by a single single-crystal silicon pillar. The multiscale integrated compliant structures (MICS) offer three levels of surface compliance: (1) the nanorods on the surface (also necessary for enhancing surface adhesion), (2) the fingers of the platforms, and (3) the flexibility of slendor silicon pillar supporting the platform. For the first time large arrays, 1cm /spl times/ 1cm, have been batch fabricated across an entire 10 cm wafer. A new testing technique was developed using a nanoindenter to measure adhesion between the structures and a 5 mm aluminum flat punch. Results indicate improved adhesion with the integration of the nano- and micro-structures. The multi-scale structures also demonstrated improved wear characteristics over isolated nanorods.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Linguistic Distances (2006)

Welcome to the proceedings of 'Linguistic Distances' a workshop held in conjunction with ACL/COLING 2006 in Sydney. An introductory article explains our motivation for holding the workshop, which attracted 30 submissions, of which thirteen are included in these proceedings. We are gratified by this level of interest. In fact we restricted the remit of the workshop to exclude the use of distance (or its inverse, similarity) in evaluation because it was felt that evaluation was already regularly the subject of several focused workshops. So the topic of 'Linguistic Distances' seems to resonate within the computational linguistics community.
Author Correction: Airborne microplastic particles detected in the remote marine atmosphere (2021)

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00119-5
1.54 µm singlemode InP-based Q-dash lasers (2003)

Singlemode lasers based on AlGaInAs/InAs/InP quantum-dash layers were for the first time fabricated with emission wavelengths in the 1.55 µm telecommunication band. A low thermal shift of the gain maximum in quantum-dash structures allows a wide operation temperature range for distributed feedback lasers.
Enhancement of motility and acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa: differential activation by type-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors (1998)

Inhibition of sperm phosphodiesterase (PDE) has been shown to increase cAMP concentrations and stimulate motility and the acrosome reaction. While several PDE genes exist in mammals, little is known about the physiological role of PDE forms expressed in human spermatozoa. Using type-selective inhibitors, we identified two of the PDE forms expressed in human spermatozoa and studied their involvement in sperm function. Selective inhibitors of calcium-calmodulin-regulated PDE1 (8-methoxy-isobutyl-methylxanthine) and cAMP-specific PDE4 (RS-25344, Rolipram) were used to study PDE forms in human sperm extracts. 8-MeIBMX and Rolipram/RS-25344 inhibited sperm PDE activity by 35-40 and 25-30% respectively. Subcellular fractionation of the sperm homogenate suggests these pharmacologically distinct forms may be located in separate cellular regions. To evaluate the functional significance of different PDE forms, the effect of type-specific PDE inhibition on sperm motility and the acrosome reaction was examined. PDE4 inhibitors enhanced sperm motility over controls without affecting the acrosome reaction, while PDE1 inhibitors selectively stimulated the acrosome reaction. These data indicate at least two distinct PDE types exist in human spermatozoa. Our findings also support the hypothesis that PDE subtypes affect sperm function by regulating separate pools of cAMP and may ultimately offer novel treatments to infertile couples with abnormal semen parameters.
Erratum: Polymer Reptation and Nucleosome Repositioning [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4414 (2001)] (2002)

Received 29 January 2002DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.129902©2002 American Physical Society
Design of the IXO optics based on thin glass plates connected by reinforcing ribs (2011)

Effective area requirements for the large X-ray mirror of the International X-ray Observatory (IXO) are about 3 m<sup>2</sup> at 1keV, 0.65 m<sup>2</sup> at 6 keV and 150 cm<sup>2</sup> at 30 keV. Because of its large dimension, the telescope cannot be realized as a monolithic structure but rather it requires the integration and assembly in the telescope optical bench of a number of basic module units, called X-ray Optical Unit (XOU). We are currently studying a method for the production of these basic units that is based on the slumping technology for the production of thin glass segmented mirrors. It foresees the implementation of a stacking integration concept based on the use of reinforcing ribs connecting the glass segments in order to create very stiff structures. This paper reports on the last design of the single optical module and describe the results of FEM analyses that show how it is possible to use an innovative approach to the integration of the slumped glass foils.
New type of piezoelectric ultrasonic motor (1989)

The authors describe a newly developed motor concept which allows a bidirectional piezoelectric ultrasonic motor to be operated with only a single voltage feed and thus only one power amplifier. The motor concept is based on the superposition of a longitudinal and a flexural oscillation of a rod-shaped resonator. In a way analogous to the generation of a Lissajous figure, this superposition produces a rotary movement of the resonator end by means of which a rotor is directly driven. By selecting the relative phase of the electrical stimulations of both modes, the speed can be continuously varied in both directions. The motor can be driven in both right and left directions with speeds of 0 to 300 r/min, and a freewheeling state can be set up by means of a suitable phase between the oscillation modes. In the off state, the motor blocks the motion.
Primary Side Control For Flyback Converter Operating in DCM and CCM (2017)

Primary side regulation (PSR) technology has the characteristics of lower cost and standby power losses. However, there is no algorithm suitable for discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and continuous conduction mode (CCM) operations of primary side control for flyback converter because of the difficulty in estimating the output voltage correctly. In this paper, a PSR control algorithm suitable for DCM/CCM flyback converter is proposed and implemented with digital micro controller. The voltage drop on the secondary winding and output diode at CCM operation is compensated by sensing the secondary side current at the instant when primary side switch is being turned-on. The secondary side current is zero at the voltage sensing instant and equal to the current at the instant when primary side switch is being turned-on as flyback operated at DCM. In addition, the proposed algorithm can be used to regulate either the output voltage or current very well. An experimental prototype with 150 W rated power is built to verify the feasibility of the proposed control. Experimental results show that the output voltage can be controlled with error less than 0.25%, and the output current error is less than 5%. The conversion efficiency is up to 92.8%.
Pulsed Plasma Thruster Ignition Study (1982)

Abstract : A study of ignitor plug operation in a one-millipound pulsed plasma thruster has been performed. Inductive, rather than resistive coupling of the ignitor plug cathode to the thruster cathode electrode has been shown to significantly reduce a carbonaceous deposit buildup on the plug face. A reduction in plug deposition was also demonstrated by the use of a high current, short pulse length, plug trigger circuit.
Geodesic patterns (2010)

Geodesic curves in surfaces are not only minimizers of distance, but they are also the curves of zero geodesic (sideways) curvature. It turns out that this property makes patterns of geodesics the basic geometric entity when dealing with the cladding of a freeform surface with wooden panels which do not bend sideways. Likewise a geodesic is the favored shape of timber support elements in freeform architecture, for reasons of manufacturing and statics. Both problem areas are fundamental in freeform architecture, but so far only experimental solutions have been available. This paper provides a systematic treatment and shows how to design geodesic patterns in different ways: The evolution of geodesic curves is good for local studies and simple patterns; the level set formulation can deal with the global layout of multiple patterns of geodesics; finally geodesic vector fields allow us to interactively model geodesic patterns and perform surface segmentation into panelizable parts.
A program for predicting antenna radiation patterns (1978)

The status of the aircraft antenna prediction program at Langley is reviewed with emphasis on the analytical techniques and computer programs developed for antenna siting and performance prediction. Scale-model aircraft are used to obtain experimental data for verification of analytical results. Computer generated models of the Boeing 737, the KC-135, the Cessna 402B, and the Gates lear jet are discussed.
Nitrogen swirl: Creating rotating polygons in a boiling liquid (2019)

This paper is associated with a video winner of a 2018 APS/DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original video is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.2018.GFM.V0032.
Formal specification supporting incremental and flexible agent-based modeling (2012)

Agent-based models have been used for diverse domains such as military, sociology, and urban planning. There is a growing concern about the incrementality and the flexibility of the agent-based models in further sophisticated and large-scale utilization. To resolve this concern, we suggest that specifying agent-based models formally will resolve the problems of incrementality and flexibility of the agent-based models through an organized composition of model components. To organize the composition of agent-based models, we survey formalisms that are applicable to agent-based models, including formalisms from the discrete event models, i.e., DEVS, MDEVS, and Cell-DEVS, as well as formalisms used in the communities of agent-based models, i.e., BDI, MDP, and Game Theory. Then, we compare, contrast, and propose an overarching formal specification for agent-based models that embody the key nature of agents. As an example, we show how to incrementally merge and flexibly manage traditional agent-based models through proposed formal specifications.
Development of Education Materials as a Card News Format for Nutrition Management of Pregnant and Lactating Women (2017)

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to develop a series of education materials as a card news format to provide nutrition information for pregnant and lactating women. Methods: The materials were developed in seven steps. As a first step, the needs of pregnant and lactating women were assessed ...
Robust feature vector compression algorithm for distributed speech recognition (1999)

A speaker normalization method using a speech generation model is proposed in order to achieve high-performance speaker adaptation with a small amount of adaptation data. The speaker- and phoneme-dependent vocal tract area function is approximated by the corresponding area function produced by the articulatory model of a standard speaker, combined with phoneme-independent feature quantities of the vocal-tract shape of the normalized target speaker as estimated from the formant frequencies of two vowels. The frequency warping functions are determined from the formant frequencies of speech calculated from the vocal-tract area functions thus obtained, and normalization of the uttered speech is performed by stretching the speech spectrum in the frequency-axis direction. Continuous phoneme recognition experiments using phoneme connection rules show that the recognition error using a gender-dependent model is reduced by about 30% in the proposed method and that recognition performance superior to that of vocal-tract length normalization is obtained. The recognition performance of the proposed method is also equivalent to that of speaker adaptation by moving vector field smoothing (VFS) using 10 phonetically balanced sentences, showing that high-performance speaker adaptation using a small amount of adaptation data can be achieved by the proposed method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(2): 45–56, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10119
Ternary Systems of Urea and Acids. IV. Urea, Citric Acid and Water. V. Urea, Acetic Acid and Water. VI. Urea, Tartaric Acid and Water (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTTernary Systems of Urea and Acids. IV. Urea, Citric Acid and Water. V. Urea, Acetic Acid and Water. VI. Urea, Tartaric Acid and WaterLawrence H. DalmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 5, 775–779Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01284a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01284a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views260Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Determination of radionuclides and radiochemical impurities produced by in-house cyclotron irradiation and subsequent radiosynthesis of PET tracers (2016)

Target materials had several positron emitters other than the positron of interest, and extremely low level γ-emitters in the case of aqueous materials. PET tracers produced from gaseous materials except for <sup>15</sup>O-labeled gases had no impure radionuclides, whereas those derived from aqueous materials contained acceptable levels of impure positron emitters and extremely low levels of several γ-emitters.
Mechanism of Triptolide‐induced Apoptosis: Effect on Caspase Activation and Bid Cleavage and Essentiality of the Hydroxyl Group of Triptolide (2006)

Triptolide is a compound extracted from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F . Triptolide has potent anti‐cancer activity. However, the mechanisms by which triptolide exerts its anti‐cancer activities remain unclear. To explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the anti‐cancer activity of triptolide, we have examined the effect of triptolide on the growth of pancreatic carcinoma PANC‐1 and cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells. We found that treatment of both HeLa and PANC‐1 cells with triptolide potently suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis, indicated by nuclear fragmentation and blebbing. In both HeLa and PANC‐1 cells, apoptosis induced by triptolide was associated with activation of both caspase‐3 and caspase‐8, and cleavage of PARP and Bid. Moreover, in HeLa cells, capase‐9 is also significantly activated in response to triptolide. Over‐expression of Bcl‐2 in HeLa cells substantially attenuated triptolide‐induced apoptosis. Interestingly, substitution of the 14‐OH of triptolide with an acetyl group abrogated both its anti‐cancer and its anti‐inflammatory activities. Our studies suggest that triptolide may exert its anti‐cancer effects by initiating apoptosis through both death receptor‐ and mitochondria‐mediated pathways. Our results indicate that both the apoptosis‐promoting and the anti‐inflammatory activities of triptolide depend on the 14‐OH group.
Control systems challenges in the HP personal ink jet printing application (2005)

This paper presents several of the major control systems challenges faced by the Hewlett-Packard Company in designing competitive ink jet mechanisms for today's desktop printer and multifunction device market. A discussion of the physical plants under control, as well as the performance goals and the constraints on the control system is provided. It is hoped that this paper would afford the control systems community a deeper understanding of the problems faced in the ink jet printer industry, and generate interest in solving these problems.
Effects of beta-adrenergic stimulating and blocking agents on the adrenaline response and adenyl cyclase activity of leukocyte in monkey and human being. (1975)

Using the method in which leukocyte suspensions were incubated with NaF or metaproterenol at 30°C for 15-30 min to allow them to convert 3H-ATP (10μCi) to 3H-cyclic AMP, followed by separation of the formed 3H-cyclic AMP by column chromatography, the leukocyte adenyl cyclase activity of monkeys and human beings was measured with high reproducibility. The oral administration of metaproterenol increased the leukocyte adenyl cyclase activity which was stimulated by NaF and decreased the count of peripheral eosinophils in some of the monkeys. In the beta-adrenergic blockade of the monkey which was made by administration of propranolol, the leukocyte adenyl cyclase activity significantly decreased. The leukocyte adenyl cyclase from patients with coronary heart disease also decreased after oral medication with propranolol.
Measurements on non linear microphones by a speech-like signal (2005)

Carbon microphones are non linear and time varying devices, so that their response curve widely depends on the type of excitation signal, To carry our measurements well correlated with the real performance, the transducers must be excitated by a signal as close as possible to real voice. For the artificial signals already proposed, the attention was practically concentrated on both waveform behaviour and long-time characteristics. The speech-like signal here presented, in addition to previous items, also accounts for syllabic-rate of real speech, showing an envelope very similar to real voices. Sensitivity frequency characteristics and distortion measured on 4 microphones (3 carbon and 1 linear) using this signal are presented.
Study of Heat and Mass Transfer in MgCl2/NH3 Thermochemical Batteries (2017)

Intermittency of sustainable energy or waste heat availability calls for energy storage systems such as thermal batteries. Thermochemical batteries based on a reversible solid–gas (MgCl2–NH3) reactions and NH3 liquid–gas phase change are of specific interest since the kinetics of absorption are fast and the heat transfer rates for liquid–vapor phase change are high. Thus, a thermochemical battery based on reversible reaction between magnesium chloride and ammonia was studied. Two-dimensional experimental studies were conducted on a reactor in which temperature profiles within the solid matrix and pressure and flow rates of gas were obtained during discharging processes. A numerical model based on heat and mass transfer within the salt and salt–gas reactions was developed to simulate the NH3 absorption processes within the solid matrix, and the results were compared with experimental data to determine dominant heat and mass transfer processes within the salt. It is shown that for high permeability salt beds, the reactor uniformly adsorbs gaseous ammonia until the bed reaches the equilibrium temperature, then adsorbs gas near the cooled boundaries as the reaction front moves inward. In that mode, the heat transfer is the dominant factor in determining reaction rates.
Speech Enhancement by MAP Spectral Amplitude Estimation Using a Super-Gaussian Speech Model (2005)

This contribution presents two spectral amplitude estimators for acoustical background noise suppression based on maximum a posteriori estimation and super-Gaussian statistical modelling of the speech DFT amplitudes. The probability density function of the speech spectral amplitude is modelled with a simple parametric function, which allows a high approximation accuracy for Laplace-or Gamma-distributed real and imaginary parts of the speech DFT coefficients. Also, the statistical model can be adapted to optimally fit the distribution of the speech spectral amplitudes for a specific noise reduction system. Based on the super-Gaussian statistical model, computationally efficient maximum a posteriori speech estimators are derived, which outperform the commonly applied Ephraim-Malah algorithm.
Two years of growth hormone (GH) treatment increases bone mineral content and density in hypopituitary patients with adult-onset GH deficiency. (1996)

The main purpose of this trial was to determine the effects of 2 yr of GH treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in patients with adult-onset GH deficiency. Forty-four patients (24 men and 20 women; aged 23-66 yr) participated in a 2-yr open treatment trial with recombinant human GH. BMD was assessed with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and serum concentrations of osteocalcin, carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), and carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) were measured. After 2 yr of GH treatment, the BMD increased in the lumbar spine L2-L4 by 3.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.1-5.5], in the femoral neck by 4.1% (CI, 2.1-6.1) in the femoral trochanter by 5.6% (CI, 3.8-7.4) and in Ward's triangle by 4.9% (CI, 2.2-7.6) compared with baseline. Patients with a z-score (difference in SD from the mean of age- and sex-matched subjects) below -1 SD responded with the most marked BMD increment. The serum concentrations of osteocalcin, PICP, and ICTP remained higher throughout the 2 yr of treatment. Women demonstrated a more marked increase in total body BMD and a less pronounced initial increment in osteocalcin, PICP, and ICTP than men. Two years of GH treatment induced a sustained increase in overall bone remodeling activity, which resulted in a net gain in BMD that was more marked in those subjects with a low pretreatment z-score.