gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependence of damage and strain on the temperature of Si irradiation in epitaxial Ge0.10Si0.90 films on Si(100) (1995)

Damage and strain produced in a 370-nm-thick strained epitaxial Ge0.10Si0.90 film on Si(100) by irradiation with 320 keV 28Si+ ions at fixed temperatures ranging from 40 to 150 °C and for doses from 1 to 30×1014/cm2 have been measured by MeV 4He channeling spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution x-ray diffractometry. The ion energy was chosen so that the maximum damage created by irradiation occurs very near the GeSi-Si interface. For all temperatures, the retained damage and the perpendicular strain induced by the irradiation are significantly greater in the GeSi epilayer than in the Si substrate. For all doses the retained damage and the induced perpendicular strain become small above 100 °C. Both rise nonlinearly with increasing ion dose. They are related to each other differently in GeSi than in bulk Si or Ge irradiated at room temperature. Postirradiation furnace annealing can remove a large portion of the induced damage and strain for nonamorphized samples. Amorphized samples regrow by solid-phase epitaxy after annealing at 550 °C for 30 min; the regrown GeSi is, however, highly defective and elastically relaxed. A consequence of this defectiveness is that irradiation-induced amorphization in metastable GeSi is undesirable for applications where good crystalline quality is required. Ion implantation above room temperature can prevent amorphization.
Possible role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as an intracellular regulator of renal transport of phosphate in the rat. (1981)

In these experiments we investigated whether NAD could serve as an intracellular modulator of the brush border membrane (BBM) transport of inorganic phosphate (Pi). NAD, both oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) form, inhibited the Na+-dependent uptake of 32Pi in the concentration range of 10-300 microM NAD when added in vitro to BBM vesicles isolated from rat kidney cortex, but did not inhibit BBM uptake of D-[3H]glucose or BBM uptake of 22Na+. Neither nicotinamide (NiAm) nor adenosine alone influenced BBM uptake of 32Pi. NAD had a similar relative effect (percent inhibition) in BBM from rats stabilized on low Pi diet (0.07% Pi), high Pi diet (1.2% Pi), or normal Pi diet (0.7% Pi). Subsequently, we examined the renal effects of changing the tissue NAD level in vivo. Rats stabilized on low Pi diet were injected intraperitoneally with NiAm (0.25-1.0 g/kg body wt); urinary excretions of Pi (UPiV), of fluid, and of other solutes were measured before and after NiAm injection, then renal cortical tissue nucleotide content was determined, and a BBM fraction was isolated for transport measurements. In BBM from NiAm-treated rats, the Na+-dependent uptake of 32Pi was decreased, but BBM uptake of D-[3H]glucose and BBM uptake of 22Na+ were not changed. NiAm injection elicited an increase in NAD+ (maximum change, 290%), a lesser increase in NADH (maximum change, +45%), but no change in the content of ATP or cyclic AMP in the renal cortex. Na+-dependent BBM uptake of 32Pi ws inversely correlated with NAD+ content in renal cortex (r = -0.77 +/- 0.1; P less than 0.001) and with UPiV (r = -0.67 +/- 0.13; P less than 0.01). NAD+ in renal cortex was positively correlated with UPiV (r = 0.88 +/- 0.05; P less than 0.001). Injection of NiAm elicited a marked increase in UPiV, but no change in excretions of creatinine or K+, or in urine flow; excretion of Na+ and Ca declined. NiAm injection caused similar renal responses, in normal and in thyroparathyroidectomized rats, as well as in rats on normal Pi diet and low Pi diet. We conclude that NAD can serve as an intracellular modulator (inhibitor) of Na+-dependent transport of Pi across the renal luminal BBM and across the proximal tubular wall by its direct interaction with BBM. We propose that at least some hormonal and/or metabolic stimuli elicit phosphaturia by increasing NAD+ in cytoplasm of proximal tubular cells.
Analysis and Design of Reflectarray Elements (2018)

A reflectarray antenna consists of a planar or conformal array of elements that are excited with a feed antenna. There are two steps in the design of a reflectarray, namely, the element design and the system design. This chapter explores the basics of designing the phase distribution on the reflectarray aperture. It outlines the phase tuning approaches for reflectarray elements. The chapter describes the numerical and analytical approaches for analysis of reflectarray phasing elements. It presents several examples of reflectarray phasing elements. It discusses the frequency behavior, effects of oblique excitation, and sources of phase error for reflectarray elements. The metallic waveguide simulator can accurately characterize the reflection properties of the element under certain conditions. The chapter introduces three different methodologies which enable the reflectarray elements to achieve phase tuning. The variable size square patch is perhaps the most popular element for reflectarrays.
A dynamic channel assignment algorithm for asymmetric traffic in voice/data integrated TDMA/TDD mobile radio (2002)

Personal communications systems are increasingly required to accommodate not only voice traffic, but also various types of data traffic. Generally speaking, voice traffic is symmetric between the uplink and downlink, while data traffic can be highly asymmetric. It is therefore inefficient to accommodate data in a conventional TDMA/TDD system with a fixed TDD boundary. In this paper, focusing on continuous data traffic which requires multi-slots in a circuit based TDMA/TDD system, we propose an algorithm in which the TDD boundaries are moved adaptively to accommodate data traffic efficiently. Compared with the conventional fixed boundary algorithm, computer simulations confirm that the proposed algorithm has a superior performance in the excessive transmission delay of data while maintaining the performance of voice. Moreover, an almost similar performance improvement of the proposed algorithm is confirmed for two different average message sizes of data calls.
Studies on Ultra-High Speed Grinding. (2nd Report). Development of Ultra-High Speed Surface Grinding Machine. (1997)

This paper describes the development of an ultra-high speed grinding (UHSG) machine which is capable of 400m/s wheel speed. UHSG is one of the high efficiency machining methods. It has reached the stage where it can complete well with respects to machining efficiency even in comparison with a cutting method. Concept of the UHSG is not new, however a practical application of the UHSG was difficult due to the manufacturing problems of a grinding wheel and a wheel spindle unit in the ultra-high speed rotation. In the previous work, an ultra-high speed spindle unit (30000 rpm, 22kW, 2×106 dn-value) was developed. In this paper, a UHSG machine using the spindle unit was designed and manufactured. Vibration, noise and coolant friction loss of the machine were measured and compared with the conventional grinding results. The UHSG tests were performed under the 300m/s wheel speed using the developed machine and a vitrified bonded CBN wheel. The CBN wheel having a CFRP core was specially designed. However, coolant supply was not enough in the region of the UHSG, therefore the development of a low friction supplying method is needed.
Soy Flour Adhesive Strength Compared with That of Purified Soy Proteins* (2014)

Abstract Although proteins are naturally good adhesives, often the most economical source has a significant carbohydrate component. Our prior studies have shown that commercial soy protein isolates (CSPI) give very good dry and wet bond strength for wood bonding, but the strengths are much lower for soy flour, especially under wet conditions. One large difference between these soy products is the percentages of carbohydrates, which generally provide poor bond strength under wet conditions. A variety of commercial isolates, concentrates, and flours were examined for their adhesive properties using a small-scale bond test that emphasizes cohesive bond strength. In studying how much the carbohydrates weaken the bond strength, we learned that the carbohydrate interference is only part of the difference between commercial soy flour and purified soy proteins (isolate and concentrate). An even larger factor is the denaturation of the isolate in the CSPI. Thus, it is important to realize that the CSPI performance may not be a good predictor of properties that can be expected from soy flours.
A Micromechanics-Based Fatigue Damage Process Zone (2011)

Abstract A primary issue in high cycle fatigue life prediction is the appropriate definition of damage process zone (i.e. volume influencing fatigue crack initiation) for notched components. Several definitions of the process zone have been proposed based on stress distributions obtained using homogeneous elastic or elastic-plastic finite element analysis. It is generally accepted to be the region, adjacent to the surface of the specimen, where peak stress is highest and fatigue crack initiation occurs; assumed as perhaps several mean grain diameters in spatial extent. However most of these existing techniques have not yet been related to fatigue failure mechanisms via computational micromechanics studies. Therefore they do not address the role of microstructure explicitly in fatigue life prediction. In this study, computational micromechanics is used to clarify and distinguish process zone for crack formation relative to scale of notch root radius and spatial extent of stress concentration at the notch. A new nonlocal criterion for fatigue damage process zone based on the distribution of a shear-based fatigue indicator parameter is proposed and used along with a probabilistic mesomechanics approach to obtain a new microstructure-sensitive fatigue notch sensitivity index, thereby extending notch sensitivity to explicitly incorporate microstructure sensitivity and attendant size effects via probabilistic arguments. The probabilistic approach presented in this study predicts the general trends of notch sensitivity obtained from experimental results in literature. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of ICM11
Effects of amiloride in guinea‐pig and rat left atrial contraction as affected by frequency of stimulation and [Ca2+]0‐[Na+]0ratio: role of Na+/Ca2+exchange (1989)

1. The effect of amiloride (0.5 mM) on guinea-pig and rat left atria driven at various rates of stimulation and different [Ca2+]0-[Na+]0 ratios has been studied. 2. Amiloride elicited a positive inotropic response in guinea-pig left atria driven at 0.1 Hz, 0.5 Hz and 1 Hz when [Ca2+]0 was 3.6 mM, 1.8 mM and 0.9 mM respectively but not when [Ca2+]0 was 2.7 mM at 0.1 Hz, 0.9 mM at 0.5 Hz and 0.45 mM at 1 Hz. 3. A positive inotropic response was obtained in guinea-pig left atria driven at 0.1 Hz and 1 Hz when [Ca2+]0-[Na+]0(2) was increased respectively from 8 x 10(-5) to 16 x 10(-5) and from 2 x 10(-5) to 8 x 10(-5). The positive inotropic effect was evident only when the ratio was increased by increasing [Ca2+]0 and not by decreasing [Na+]0. 4. In the presence of amiloride, the force of contraction of guinea-pig left atria decreased instead of increasing, when the rate of stimulation was lowered from 1 Hz to 0.01 Hz. Amiloride inhibited the post-rest potentiation. 5. In rat left atria amiloride was devoid of any effect in all the above-mentioned experimental conditions. 6. It is suggested that the pattern of cardiac actions of amiloride can be explained by the inhibition of the Na+/Ca2+ exchange system.
A computational model for data acquisition in SAXS (2014)

Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) is an experimental biophysical method used for gaining insight into the structure of large biomolecular complexes. Under appropriate chemical conditions, the information obtained from a SAXS experiment can be equated to the pair distribution function, which is the distribution of distances between every pair of points in the complex. Here we develop a mathematical model to calculate the pair distribution function for a structure composed of several rigid components. We show that integrals of products of three spherical-Bessel functions arise naturally in this context. We then develop an algorithm for the efficient recursive computation of these integrals. Efficient and accurate models that relate the data acquisition process to the underlying structure are of interest because iterating such models provides a computational framework in which to solve the inverse problem of determining how constituent parts in a large structure should be assembled so as to be consistent with the experimental data.
Clinical response to nivolumab in an INI1-deficient pediatric chordoma correlates with immunogenic recognition of brachyury (2021)

Poorly differentiated chordoma (PDC) is a recently recognized subtype of chordoma characterized by expression of the embryonic transcription factor, brachyury, and loss of INI1. PDC primarily affects children and is associated with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Here we describe the molecular and immune tumour microenvironment profiles of two paediatric PDCs produced using whole-genome, transcriptome and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and multiplex immunohistochemistry. Our analyses revealed the presence of tumour-associated immune cells, including CD8+ T cells, and expression of the immune checkpoint protein, PD-L1, in both patient samples. Molecular profiling provided the rationale for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, which resulted in a clinical and radiographic response. A dominant T cell receptor (TCR) clone specific for a brachyury peptide-MHC complex was identified from bulk RNA sequencing, suggesting that targeting of the brachyury tumour antigen by tumour-associated T cells may underlie this clinical response to ICI. Correlative analysis with rhabdoid tumours, another INI1-deficient paediatric malignancy, suggests that a subset of tumours may share common immune phenotypes, indicating the potential for a therapeutically targetable subgroup of challenging paediatric cancers.
Measurement of β-(1,3)-glucan in household dust samples using Limulus amebocyte assay and enzyme immunoassays: an inter-laboratory comparison (2012)

Environmental levels of β-(1,3)-glucan, an inflammatory fungal cell wall component, have been suggested to be related to respiratory symptoms. However there is currently little data comparing β-(1,3)-glucan detection methods and/or results obtained in different laboratories. The aim of this study was to compare levels of β-(1,3)-glucans detected in household dust samples (n = 40) using different extraction/detection methods (Limulus amebocyte assay (LAL), inhibition enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and sandwich EIA) in five different laboratories. Dust sample aliquots were sent to participating centres, extracted and analysed for β-(1,3)-glucan according to standard in-house procedures. Significant differences in the levels of β-(1,3)-glucan were observed between all laboratories (geometric mean levels ranging from 15.4 μg g (-1) to 4754 μg g(-1) dust; p < 0.0001) with the exception of those using a similar LAL method. The inhibition EIA used in laboratory D produced mean β-(1,3)-glucan measurements 80-100 times higher than the LAL assays, 4 times higher than the sandwich EIA in the same lab, 17.6 times those obtained with the EIA in lab E and 363 times those obtained in the EIA in laboratory C. Pearson's correlations generally showed significant associations between methods and laboratories, particularly those using similar methodology (R ranging from 0.5 to 0.8; p < 0.001), although some poor and even inverse correlations were observed. Bland-Altman analyses showed moderate to good agreement between most assays, although clear absolute differences were observed. In conclusion, although results obtained with different methods were often significantly correlated and therefore comparable in relative terms, direct comparison of results between laboratories and assays may be inappropriate.
Associative Memory in Spiking Neural Network Form Implemented on Neuromorphic Hardware (2020)

Implementing cognitive algorithms on robots is one potential direction to realize autonomous artificial agents. As society and technology progress there is an effort to push robotics and artificial intelligence into many aspects of daily life. An important step in this process is leveraging concepts known to work from human cognitive features on computer systems. This paper shows an associative memory in the form of a spiking neural network (SNN), an application of the associative memory, and some performance benchmarking. SNNs allow these computational models to be instantiated in a low size, weight, and power (SWaP) form factor due to the biological efficiencies they approximate. The model is created in a neural network simulator and run on a low SWaP CPU and Intel’s Loihi, an artificial intelligence accelerator highly optimized for spiking neural algorithms. In addition, the model is employed on a mobile robotic platform that explores the real world and uses online learning to make associations. When the model was run on Loihi the overall power usage decreased as well as the run time of the simulation as compared to the low SWaP CPU proving beneficial to implement the neuromorphic hardware.
Mariner 4 pictures of Mars (1967)

Intensity and color calibration of Mariner 4 television pictures, and digital data correction procedures
CMU ARCTIC databases for speech synthesis (2003)

This report introduces the CMU Arctic databases designed for the purpose of speech synthesis research. These single speaker speech databases have been carefully recorded under studio conditions and consist of nearly 1150 phonetically balanced English utterances. They are distributed as free software, without restriction on commercial or non-commercial use. The Arctic corpus consists of four primary sets of recordings (3 male, 1 female), plus several ancillary databases. Each database is distributed with automatically segmented phonetic labels. These extra files were derived using the standard voice building scripts of the Festvox system. In addition to phonetic labels, the databases provide complete support for the Festival Speech Synthesis System, including pre-built voices that may be used as is. Festival and Festvox are available at
Applicazioni dei muscoli pneumatici a protesi, ortesi e robot per riabilitazione (2001)

Modern immunology has been notably free of public disputes over credit for major discoveries in this discipline. But the early recognition of the lymphatic system witnessed two examples of heated priority feuds. The first in the 17th-century concerned the greater anatomical organization of the system, while the second in the 18th-century concerned its function. This essay reviews the earlier of the two disputes, in which a Swedish medical student (Ole Rudbeck) charged a respected Danish Professor (T. Bartholin) with plagiarism and antedating his observations. Thus ethical issues in immunology predate modern times. How this discipline reached this point in its history is another focus of this essay and also an excuse to review briefly the anatomy of the lymphatic system. The influence of nationalistic pride on priority disputes is also discussed.
A new function for the calcineurin b subunit: Antiplatelet aggregation and anticoagulation (2011)

Calcineurin is the only Ca(2+) /calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase. The roles of the cytosolic calcineurin have been well researched; however, the roles of the serum calcineurin remain unknown. Here, we report that the recombinant human calcineurin B subunit (CnB) can bind to rabbit platelets and show an antiplatelet aggregation activity. Furthermore, CnB exerts an anticoagulant effect by prolonging the activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time and reducing the plasma fibrinogen concentration in a dose-dependent manner. We further reveal that the functional domain associated with the anticoagulant activity of CnB is located in the C-terminus. Hemolysis test and intravenous stimulation study show that the recombinant CnB does not cause obvious hemolysis and is safe for intravenous injection. These results reveal a new function of calcineurin B subunit. They also give an explanation for the roles of calcineurin B subunit in serum and point to a possible implication in antithrombotic therapy.
Genetic analysis of carcass traits of steers adjusted to age, weight, or fat thickness slaughter endpoints1 (2005)

Carcass measurements from 1,664 steers from the Germ Plasm Utilization project at U.S. Meat Animal Research Center were used to estimate heritabilities (h2) of, and genetic correlations (rg) among, 14 carcass traits adjusted to different endpoints (age, carcass weight, and fat thickness): HCW (kg), dressing percent (DP), adjusted fat thickness (AFT, cm), LM area (LMA, cm2), KPH (%), marbling score (MS), yield grade (YG), predicted percentage of retail product (PRP), retail product weight (RPW, kg), fat weight (FW, kg), bone weight (BNW, kg), actual percentage retail product (RPP), fat percent (FP), and bone percent. Fixed effects in the model included breed group, feed energy level, dam age, birth year, significant (P < 0.05) interactions, covariate for days on feed, and the appropriate covariate for endpoint nested (except age) within breed group. Random effects in the model were additive genetic effect of animal and total maternal effect of dam. Parameters were estimated by REML. For some traits, estimates of h2 and phenotypic variance changed with different endpoints. Estimates of h2 for HCW, DP, RPW, and BNW at constant age, weight, or fat thickness were 0.27, —, and 0.41; 0.19, 0.26, and 0.18; 0.42, 0.32, and 0.50; and 0.43, 0.32, and 0.48, respectively. Magnitude and/or sign of rg also changed across endpoints for 54 of the 91 trait pairs. Estimates for HCW-LMA, AFT-RPW, LMA-YG, LMA-PRP, LMA-FW, LMA-RPP, and LMA-FP at constant age, weight, or fat thickness were 0.32, —, and 0.51; −0.26, −0.77, and —; −0.71, −0.89, and −0.66; 0.68, 0.85, and 0.63; −0.16, −0.51, and 0.22; 0.47, 0.57, and 0.27; and −0.44, −0.43, and −0.18, respectively. Fat thickness was highly correlated with YG (0.86 and 0.85 for common age and weight) and PRP (−0.85 and −0.82 for common age and weight), indicating that selection for decreased fat thickness would improve YG and PRP. Carcass quality, however, would be affected negatively because of moderate rg (0.34 and 0.35 for common age and weight) between MS and AFT. Estimates of h2 and phenotypic variance indicate that enough genetic variation exists to change measures of carcass merit by direct selection. For some carcass traits, however, magnitude of change would depend on effect of endpoint on h2 and phenotypic variance. Correlated responses to selection would differ depending on endpoint.