gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphic inversion of siliciclastic basin fills: a note on the distinction between supply signals resulting from tectonic and climatic forcing (1998)

Rates of accommodation and sediment supply are the principal controls on stacking patterns in siliciclastic basin fills. Stratigraphic inversion is aimed at reconstruction of these controls from the detrital record. Efforts to ‘explain’ siliciclastic basin fills have been focused on analysis and numerical modelling of sequence geometry in response to changes in accommodation, whereas comparatively few studies have attempted to address the role of sediment supply. The compositional and textural properties of siliciclastic basin fills are linked with the evolution of drainage basins through the principle of climatic–physiographic control of sediment production and supply. Application of this principle leads to a method of compositional analysis for distinguishing sequences controlled by high‐frequency changes in the rate of accommodation from sequences controlled by high‐frequency variations in the rate of sediment supply (order of 10 kyr). This method does not require detailed time control. Changes in rate and type of sediment supplied to depositional systems in response to environmental perturbations in drainage basins are explored in greater detail by means of a numerical model of sediment production under various scenarios of climatic and tectonic forcing. Simulation experiments suggest that drainage basins respond differently to high‐frequency tectonic and climatic perturbations. Synthetic time series of cyclically forced sediment production display different types of asymmetric variations in grain size, accumulation rate and residence time of sediments in response to tectonic and climatic forcing. The results also highlight the role of vegetation as the principal modulator of climate forcing, and show that the nonlinear response to climate change may frustrate any attempts at providing broad generalizations of the system's responses. The modelling results confirm the usefulness of a combined analysis of sediment composition and sequence geometry, and the mathematically rich behaviour of the system suggests that further development of this approach is likely to increase our ability to reconstruct forcing mechanisms and initial boundary conditions from the detrital record.
Synthetic Studies on Mitomycins: The Synthesis of Mitosene (1986)

Abstract The crisscross annulation, developed towards synthesis of diverse nitrogen‐containing heterocycles via a one‐pot reaction, is remarkably effective in the construction of pyrrolo[1,2‐α] indole derivatives (7 and 22) as the possible intermediates for syntheses of mitomycins. These were converted to mitosene derivatives (34 and 40) through the various repeated oxidation processes.
Silicon-Proven Clockless Wave-Propagated Pipelining for High-Throughput, Energy-Efficient Processing (2022)

The vast majority of digital systems are designed using pipelined sequential logic, thanks to a well-known and robust implementation flow with the ability to increase throughput simply by introducing intermediate sampling stages. However, adding these registers results in significant area and power overheads. Clockless Wave-Propagated Pipelining (CWPP) is a design approach that reaches high throughputs without the need for intermediate sampling registers. As opposed to traditional sequential design, which increases frequency by minimizing the longest delay through a combinational path, the performance of a CWPP scheme is set according to the difference between the longest and shortest paths through the logic, as captured by the following constraint [1]:
Gain and saturation of the atomic fluorine laser (1982)

In this work a dilute fluorine plasma pumped by the ion-ion recombination of H+2 and F− has been operated as a pulsed amplifier. Two synchronously excited plasmas were produced by preionized discharges in an atmospheric electrical avalanche device switched by hydrogen thyratrons. Two principal outputs having wavelengths of 745 and 635 nm were obtained from the tube serving as an oscillator. These were dispersed so that they could be individually threaded through the second discharge. Calibrated attenuation of the beam from the oscillator subsequently injected into the amplifier provided data on the overall amplification ratio. From these data effective saturation intensities of 1.2 and 4.5 kW/cm2 were found for the transitions at 745 and 635 nm, originating on the 3p4P05/2 and 3p4S03/2 states of F*, respectively. Corresponding small signal gains were found to be extremely high, reaching 0.44 and 0.31 cm−1, for the two transitions, respectively.
Mining massive data streams (2005)

Many organizations today have more than very large databases; they have databases that grow without limit at a rate of several million records per day. Mining these continuous data streams brings unique opportunities, but also new challenges. In this thesis we develop a method that can semi-automatically enhance a wide class of existing learning algorithms so that they can learn from such high-speed data streams in real time. In particular, our method can be applied to essentially any induction algorithm based on discrete search. After applying our method the algorithm: learns from data-streams in an incremental, any-time fashion; runs in time independent of the amount of data seen, while making decisions that are essentially identical to those that would be made from infinite data; uses a constant amount of RAM no matter how much data it sees; and adjusts its learned models in a very fine-grained manner as the data generating process changes over time. We evaluate our method by using it to produce a series of learning algorithms—for decision trees, Bayesian network structure, and clustering—which are all capable of learning from high-speed data streams. We evaluate these learners with extensive studies on synthetic data sets, and by applying them to a collection of massive real-world mining tasks.
Increasing incidence of group B streptococcus neonatal infections in the Netherlands is associated with clonal expansion of CC17 and CC23 (2020)

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal invasive disease worldwide. In the Netherlands incidence of the disease increased despite implementation of preventive guidelines. We describe a genomic analysis of 1345 GBS isolates from neonatal (age 0-89 days) invasive infections in the Netherlands reported between 1987 and 2016. Most isolates clustered into one of five major lineages: CC17 (39%), CC19 (25%), CC23 (18%), CC10 (9%) and CC1 (7%). There was a significant rise in the number of infections due to isolates from CC17 and CC23. Phylogenetic clustering analysis revealed that this was caused by expansion of specific sub-lineages, designated CC17-A1, CC17-A2 and CC23-A1. Dating of phylogenetic trees estimated that these clones diverged in the 1960s/1970s, representing historical rather than recently emerged clones. For CC17-A1 the expansion correlated with acquisition of a new phage, carrying gene encoding a putative cell-surface protein. Representatives of CC17-A1, CC17-A2 and CC23-A1 clones were identified in datasets from other countries demonstrating their global distribution.
Dissipation of Pendimethalin in Organic Soils in Florida (2014)

Understanding the persistence of PRE-applied pendimethalin is important in determining timing of subsequent weed management programs in sugarcane on organic soils in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). Dissipation of oil- and water-based pendimethalin formulations applied PRE at 2, 4, and 8 kg ai ha −1 were compared in 2011 and 2012 on organic soils in the EAA. The rate of dissipation of both formulations was very similar. Both formulations had an initial rapid rate of dissipation followed by a slower rate of dissipation. However, the initial amount of pendimethalin in the soil was higher with the water-based compared to the oil-based formulation, most likely because of the lower volatility of the water-based formulation. The half-lives (DT 50 s) of the oil-based formulation were 32, 18, and 10 d and 8, 8, and 12 d at 2, 4, and 8 kg ha −1 , respectively, in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The DT 50 s of the water-based formulation were 20, 13, and 10 d and 12, 12, and 14 d at 2, 4, and 8 kg ha −1 , respectively in 2011 and 2012, respectively. These DT 50 values were attributed to low soil water content as well as the absence of incorporation following application. Our results suggest that dissipation of pendimethalin is rapid on organic soils irrespective of the formulation when applied under dry soil conditions with no incorporation into the soil.
Perspectives on Molecular Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Strategies in Traumatic Brain Injury (2014)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently associated with abnormal blood-brain barrier function, resulting in the release of factors that can be used as molecular biomarkers of TBI, among them GFAP, UCH-L1, S100B, and NSE. Although many experimental studies have been conducted, clinical consolidation of these biomarkers is still needed to increase the predictive power and reduce the poor outcome of TBI. Interestingly, several of these TBI biomarkers are oxidatively modified to carbonyl groups, indicating that markers of oxidative stress could be of predictive value for the selection of therapeutic strategies. Some drugs such as corticosteroids and progesterone have already been investigated in TBI neuroprotection but failed to demonstrate clinical applicability in advanced phases of the studies. Dietary antioxidants, such as curcumin, resveratrol, and sulforaphane, have been shown to attenuate TBI-induced damage in preclinical studies. These dietary antioxidants can increase antioxidant defenses via transcriptional activation of NRF2 and are also known as carbonyl scavengers, two potential mechanisms for neuroprotection. This paper reviews the relevance of redox biology in TBI, highlighting perspectives for future studies.
Percutaneous Automated Lumbar Discectomy (2007)

This chapter discusses the development, techniques, patient selection, outcomes, and complications associated with automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy. Patients with leg symptoms greater than back pain are better candidates than those with primarily axial symptoms. In addition, a minimum six-week course of nonoperative treatment should be attempted. In addition to the physician/surgeon, an anesthetist, a scrub nurse, a circulating nurse and a radiology technician will need to be present. A small skin incision is made at the proposed entry site and the guide needle is inserted slowly through the low back musculature. Under fluoroscopic guidance in the lateral view, a long spinal needle is used to give local anesthesia and advance in the trajectory of the L5–S1 disc. Automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy has been shown to be effective and safe in the management of patients with contained herniated lumbar discs.
Radar Principles (2016)

Advances in radar system hardware and software have enabled radar systems to detect, differentiate, classify, image, and track the range, altitude, direction, or velocity of multiple moving or fixed targets simultaneously. A radar system has a receiver intended to detect the reflected electromagnetic waves, indicating an object with a different dielectric constant in the propagation direction. Doppler radar is typically used to detect moving targets, and estimate their velocity. Security systems motion detectors and door openers are common uses of Doppler radar-based motion detectors. There are two basic radar configurations based on the spatial relationship between the transmitting and receiving antennas: monostatic and bistatic. The major areas of radar application are briefly described, including military defense and weapons systems, remote monitoring of the Earth's surface, the ocean, and other planets, reconnaissance imaging, ground-penetrating radar for archeological expeditions, weather surveillance, air traffic control, and others.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) sequence variation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes is not common in patients with chronic HBV infection. (1995)

It has been suggested that immune selection pressure exerted by the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response could be responsible for viral persistence during chronic hepatitis B virus infection. To address this question, in the current study we compared the DNA and amino acid sequences of, and the CTL responses to, multiple HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitopes in the hepatitis B virus in several HLA-A2-positive patients with acute and chronic hepatitis. Our results indicate that the CTL response to these epitopes is barely detectable in the majority of patients with chronic hepatitis. Further, we show that the weak CTL response is not secondary in infection by mutant viruses lacking these epitopes, and we show that the CTL response did not select for escape mutants in any of these patients. We conclude that an ineffective hepatitis B virus specific CTL response is the primary determinant of viral persistence in chronic hepatitis and that immune selection of viral variants is not a common event in the majority of patients.
Genome affinities and epitope profiles of whitefly‐transmitted geminiviruses from the Americas (1992)

Summary The relationships among fifteen isolates of whitefly‐transmitted geminiviruses (WTGs) from North, Central and South America and six from other continents were assessed (a) in nucleic acid hybridisation tests with sulphonated DNA probes for eight of the viruses, and/or (b) in triple‐antibody‐sandwich ELISA with panels of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to particles of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV). Probes specific for DNA‐A of four American viruses, abutilon mosaic (AbMV), bean golden mosaic (BGMV), squash leaf curl (SLCV) and tomato golden mosaic (TGMV), detected virtually all the American viruses but reacted weakly if at all with ICMV, ACMV or tomato yellow leaf curl virus from Thailand (TYLCV‐T). Conversely, the probe for ACMV DNA‐A did not detect any of the American viruses, and that for TYLCV‐T DNA‐A reacted weakly with SLCV and TGMV0020but did not detect the others. In contrast, probes specific for DNA‐B of the four American viruses or ACMV detected only the homologous virus, except for slight reactions between the AbMV DNA‐B probe and both chino del tomate virus (CdTV)‐DNA and SLCV‐DNA. However, a probe for DNA‐B of bean calico mosaic virus (BCMoV) reacted weakly with BGMV‐PR DNA, and a probe for DNA‐B of CdTV from Mexico detected several American viruses. Six out of 17 MAbs specific for ACMV and six out of 10 MAbs specific for ICMV reacted with one or other of the 14 American virus isolates tested. Two and‐ACMV MAbs reacted with all, and one anti‐ACMV MAb and two anti‐ICMV MAbs reacted with nearly all the American viruses, one anti‐ACMV MAb reacted with about half the American viruses and six other MAbs reacted with only one or two of them. Of the American viruses, CdTV and AbMV were the least closely related to the others. The epitope profiles of BCMoV, BGMV, cotton leaf crumple virus, serrano golden mosaic virus and SLCV were virtually indistinguishable. TGMV, potato yellow mosaic virus (PYMV) and an euphorbia virus had profiles intermediate between those of the BGMV cluster and AbMV‐CdTV. In general, the epitope profiles and the results of hybridisation tests with DNA‐A probes show that the similarities among the American viruses are greater than those between the American viruses and the viruses from other continents; the hybridisation tests with DNA‐B probes show that substantial differences exist between individual American viruses. In America, geminivirus evolution seems to have proceeded convergently from different progenitor viruses, or divergently from one ancestral form, with DNA‐B diverging to a greater extent than DNA‐A and its particle‐protein gene.
The scale dependence of permeability: Effects of pore-throat size distribution and pore connectivity (2021)

Scaling has been a long-standing challenge in subsurface hydrology, soil physics, and many other research disciplines. The effect of length scale (or sample dimension) has been known in the literature, and inconsistent results have been reported. For example, experimental measurements typically show that permeability k should increase with increasing scale. However, numerical simulations and some theoretical estimations appear to imply the opposite. In this study, we simulated permeability in twelve synthetic and four Fontainebleau pore networks with different pore-throat size distributions. For each pore network, simulations were carried out for ten pore coordination numbers Z = 1.5, 1.65, 1.75, 2, 3, 3.25, 3.5, 4, 5, and 6. We found a transition in the scale dependence of the permeability in the synthetic pore networks. More specifically, our results showed that the permeability increased with the scale for larger pore coordination numbers, while it decreased with the scale for smaller Z. In Fontainebleau pore networks, however, the trends were decreasing permeabilities regardless of the value of Z. We invoked concept of finite-size scaling analysis, a vigorous theoretical framework from physics, to address the effect of scale on the permeability. Although the plot of the permeability versus the network size for each pore network appeared scattered, the data collapsed together by applying finite-size scaling analysis. Our results demonstrated that finite-size scaling analysis is a promising approach to address the effect of scale on permeability.
Feature Reduction for Classification Purpose (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Previous Work on Feature Reduction for Hyperspectral Data Classification The Proposed Band-Extraction Method Experimental Results Conclusions Acknowledgments Appendix: Metric-Theoretic Interpretation of the SABP and CCBP Methods References
Related Article from The Antitumor Immunity of Ipilimumab: (T-cell) Memories to Last a Lifetime? (2023)

Related Article from The Antitumor Immunity of Ipilimumab: (T-cell) Memories to Last a Lifetime?
Prediction of Electrode Contacts for Clinically Effective Deep Brain Stimulation in Essential Tremor (2018)

Effective electrode contacts can be predicted based on PSMs in patients treated with cZi DBS for ET. Predictions may in the future be used to reduce the number of clinical assessments that are carried out before a satisfying stimulation setting is defined.
Phase 2 clinical trial of ixabepilone in metastatic cervical carcinoma. (2014)

5593 Background: Ixabepilone is a microtubule-stabilizing agent approved for metastatic breast cancer. Preclinical data indicates activity in taxane-sensitive and resistant cells. Metastatic cervical carcinoma (mCC) has a poor prognosis and no accepted second line therapies. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of Ixabepilone in previously treated mCC. Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed mCC and at least one prior regimen received ixabepilone [6mg/m2/d X 5d] every 21 days. Primary endpoint was PFS by RECIST. Secondary endpoints were response rate, overall survival, and safety. We calculated the rate of tumor growth (g) as an additional efficacy measure. Results: Forty-one patients were enrolled; thirty four tumors were squamous. The median number of prior therapies was 2 (range1-6). Four patients (9.7%) had partial responses. Median time to progression in months was 2.3 for all, 3.84 for taxane-naive and 2.03 for taxane pre-treated patients (p=0.13). Consistent with this we found the rate of growth (g) in taxane-naive patients (0.0035/day) to be two-thirds the rate in taxane pre-treated patients (0.0053/day). Median overall survival (OS) was 5.84 months. Thirty-two patients discontinued treatment due to progression, two because of death, two for toxicity, and five for other reasons. The most frequent toxicities included vomiting (43%), sensory neuropathy (21%), and fatigue (60%). G3/4 toxicities were noted in 53% patients; all resolved without interventions Conclusions: Ixabepilone was well tolerated but showed very modest activity in second or higher line mCC. A trend to worse outcomes and a faster rate of growth was observed in taxane-pre-treated patients compared to taxane-naive patients. New strategies are needed for refractory mCC. Clinical trial information: NCT00924066.
Speeding Up HMM Algorithms For Genetic Linkage Analysis (2009)

We develop an hidden Markov model (HMM)-based algorithm for computing exact parametric and non-parametric linkage scores in larger pedigrees than was possible before. The algorithm is applicable whenever there are chains of persons in the pedigree with no genetic measurements and with unknown affection status. The algorithm is based on shrinking the state space of the HMM considerably using such chains. In a two g-degree cousins pedigree the reduction drops the state space from being exponential in g to being linear in g. For a Finnish family in which two affected children suffer from a rare cold-inducing sweating syndrome, we were able to reduce the state space by more than five orders of magnitude from 250 to 232. In another pedigree of state-space size of 227, used for a study of pituitary adenoma, the state space reduced by a factor of 8.5 and consequently exact
Homology Model for Oncostatin M Based on NMR Structural Data (1998)

Oncostatin M (OM) is a member of the cytokine family which regulates the proliferation and differentiation of a variety of cell types and includes interleukin-6 (IL-6), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). This family of proteins adopts a four-helix bundle fold with up-up-down-down topology and contains intramolecular disulfide bonds. Since an X-ray or NMR structure for OM is not currently available, a homology model for OM was determined from the X-ray structures of human growth hormone (hGH), LIF, and G-CSF where the alignment was based on secondary structure instead of sequence. The OM secondary structure was determined from NMR structural data, and the secondary structures for hGH, LIF, and G-CSF were obtained from the reported X-ray structures. The resulting homology model was refined using sequential NOE distance 13C restraints, chemical shift information, and a conformational database.
High performance solar collector amenable to mass production (1982)

The high temperature thermal performance of a mass producible evacuated tube solar collector (ETC) has been significantly improved by shaping the outer glass envelope into the profile of a nonimaging Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC). Placing the reflector surface in a vacuum eliminates degradation of the mirror's reflectance. The transparent part of the glass vacuum also functions as a window and thus eliminates the need for an external cover glazing. This paper describes the design, fabrication, and preliminary test results for a panel of prototype tubes based on this concept. A schematic illustration of the prototype design is shown. Optical and thermal performance, for several parameters, are measured. The performance curve shows efficiencies greater than 40% across the full range of temperature.
A Study on the Comic Element Expressed in the ‘Katsushika Hokusai Manga(漫畵)’ in the Viewpoint of Modern Comics (2014)

카츠시카 호쿠사이(葛飾北?, 1760～1849)는 2000년 미국의 시사월간지 ‘라이프지’가 선정한 “지난 천 년간 세계사를 만든 100대 인물” 가운데 86위에 랭크될 정도로 화가로서 19세기 후반 일본과 유럽의 미술?음악?문학 등 다양한 분야에 지대한 영향을 미쳤다. 그러나 우리나라에서 ‘호쿠사이 망가(漫畵)’에 대한 선행연구는 그다지 많지 않다. 물론 ‘호쿠사이 망가’가 오늘날의 만화는 아니다. 그러나 ‘호쿠사이 망가’에 수록된 수많은 작품은 현대 만화의 특성과 무관하지 않다. 본 논문은 현대 만화의 관점에서 ‘호쿠사이 망가’에 표현된 만화적 요소에 대한 연구를 위해 첫째, 현대 만화의 개념과 정의, 만화의 표현적 특성을 살펴보고, 둘째, 호쿠사이의 작품세계 이해를 돕기 위해 대표 작품인 우키요에 ‘후카쿠산쥬록케이(富嶽三十六景)’ 등을 살펴봄으로서 미술작품으로서 그 예술적 가치와 영향력을 재조명해 본다. 셋째, 에도시대에 베스트셀러로서 도시상인(町人)들에게 절대적인 지지를 얻었던 ‘호쿠사이 망가’ 속에 담긴 시대정신과 감성, 현대 만화적 표현요소고찰을 통해 만화학문분야 및 학습현장에서 활용할 계기를 만들고자 한다. 동시에 서양 위주의 연구에 편중되었던 만화역사에서 아시아에서의 그 역할을 재인식할 수 있는 토대를 마련하고, 향후 우리 과거 문화유산속에 감춰진 원형을 발굴하여 만화 분야의 학문적 자료로 다양하게 활용할 수 있는 계기를 마련할 수 있기를 기대한다.