gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
About the Development and Dynamics of Microdischarges in Toluene-Containing Air (2019)

The development of microdischarges and the inception dynamics of subsequent microdischarges in an electrode arrangement consisting of a metal pin and a hemispherical dielectric-covered electrode, operated in air with a small toluene admixture, is studied. The discharge is operated with sinusoidal high voltage. A gated ICCD camera and a current probe enable the recording of images and current pulses of the single microdischarges, respectively, while the spatio-temporally resolved development is measured with a multi-dimensional time-correlated single photon counting technique. The overall discharge dynamics changes significantly if a concentration of 35 ppm toluene is added to dry air. A lower high voltage amplitude than in dry air is needed for stable discharge operation. This can be explained by the lower ionization energy of toluene compared to molecular oxygen and nitrogen. The microdischarge development is the same with or without admixture, i.e. a positive (cathode directed) streamer mechanism is observed. Lower mean power is dissipated into the discharge when toluene is admixed. The main effect caused by toluene admixture is the suppression of high-energy microdischarges in case of the cathodic pin half-cycle of the sinusoidal high voltage. The influence on the inception voltage by additional ionization mechanisms and volume memory effects, the consumption of energetic electrons for toluene decomposition reactions, and the modification of the surface by plasma treatment are discussed as possible reasons.
Prolonged cardiovascular pharmacological support and fluid management after cardiac surgery (2023)

Prolonged cardiovascular pharmacological support is frequent after cardiac surgery on CPB. Severe LV systolic dysfunction, preoperative pulmonary hypertension and postoperative fluid overload are risk factors. Further studies are required to explore if those risk factors could be modified or not.
Evolutionary Pattern of Gene Homogenization between Primate-Specific Paralogs after Human and Macaque Speciation Using the 4-2-4 Method (2010)

Homogenization of duplicated genes is an important factor for gene family evolution. In the previous study, we developed a method, named 4-2-4 here, to detect partial homogenization with high sensitivity and high specificity using quartets. A quartet is a set of four genes generated by a duplication event and the subsequent speciation of two closely related species. We searched the human and macaque genomes and found 430 nonredundant quartets, which correspond to primate-specific paralogs. The prevalence of homogenization in these quartets was 10.0% (43/430), which was ca. one-third of that (29.8% = 206/691) in the rodent-specific nonredundant quartets obtained through comparison of mouse and rat genomes. Part of this difference comes from the fact that primate paralogs tend to be more remotely located to each other than rodent paralogs, and the remainder may be explained by the inherent difference in the neutral evolutionary rate between the primate and rodent lineages. A statistical analysis taking account of the effects of false negatives uncovered negative correlations between sequence divergence and homogenization prevalence both in primates and rodents. Further statistical analyses controlling for false-negative rates and sequence divergences revealed two characteristics shared by the primate and rodent paralogs; 1) significant negative correlations of the homogenization prevalence with physical distances, and 2) no significant correlation between the prevalence and relative transcriptional orientations. Patterns of the homogenization in the genomic alignments of human-macaque quartets indicate that gene conversion, rather than unequal crossing-over, is the major cause of the homogenization.
Developmental Regulation of Specific Protein Interactions with an Enhancerlike Binding Site Far Upstream from the Avian Very-Low-Density Apolipoprotein II Gene (1990)

Expression of the avian very-low-density apolipoprotein II (apoVLDLII) gene is completely dependent on estrogen and restricted to the liver. We have identified binding sites for nonhistone nuclear proteins located between -1.96 and -2.61 kilobases. One of these sites, located at -2.6 kilobases (designated site 1), was found to span an MspI site that becomes demethylated between days 7 and 9 of embryogenesis, the stage of development at which competence to express the apoVLDLII gene begins to be acquired. Levels of the factor(s) involved were high at day 7 of embryogenesis, decreased two- to threefold by days 9 to 11, and continued to decline more slowly until hatching. Furthermore, the mobility of the complex formed underwent a well-defined shift between days 11 to 13 embryogenesis. Methylation interference studies showed that modification of the outer guanosines of the MspI site resulted in marked inhibition of the formation of the protein-DNA complex. Competition studies, fractionation of nuclear extracts, and tissue distribution indicated that the factor was not the avian homolog of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1, nuclear factor 1, or CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP). However, site 1 could complete for binding to an oligonucleotide, previously shown to be recognized by C/EBP, in a nonreciprocal fashion. These studies demonstrate that the sequence recognized by the protein includes a C/EBP consensus sequence but that elements in addition to the core enhancer motif are essential for binding.
Effect of carpaine, a papaya alkaloid, on the circulatory function in the rat. (1978)

Carpaine is one of the major components of alkaloid of papaya leaves. Circulatory effects of carpaine were studied in Wistar male rats weighing 314 +/- 13 g, under pentabarbital (30 mg/kg) anesthesia. Increasing dosages of carpaine from 0.5 mg/kg to 2.0 mg/kg resulted in progressive decrease in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure. Selective autonomic nervous blockade with atropine sulfate (1 mg/kg) or propranolol hydrochloride (8 mg/kg) did not alter the circulatory response to carpaine. Carpaine, 2 mg/kg, reduced cardiac output, stroke volume, stroke work, and cardiac power, but the calculated total peripheral resistance remained unchanged. It is concluded from these results that carpaine affects the myocardium directly. The effects of carpaine may be related to its macrocyclic dilactone structure, a possible cation chelating structure.
LTE-Advanced coverage enhancements (2014)

Various technologies in LTE/LTE-Advanced have significantly improved the data throughput of 4G systems. However, the coverage of LTE networks, a very important performance metric to operators, receives relatively less attention. In this article we describe the motivations of LTE coverage enhancements from several aspects. Through link budget analysis, the limiting link and channels are identified. Then potential solutions to LTE coverage enhancements are discussed in a comprehensive manner, with the focus on schemes of specification impact. This article provides insights on how to design practical schemes to improve the coverage of LTE/ LTE-Advanced systems.
Mono- through hexanucleotide composition of the sense strand of yeast DNA: a Markov chain analysis (1988)

Here we compare several methods for predicting oligonucleotide frequencies in 392 kb of yeast DNA. As in previous work on E. coli, a relatively simple equation based on tetranucleotide frequencies can be used in predicting the frequencies of longer oligonucleotides. For example, the mean of observed/expected abundances of 4,096 hexamers was 1.00 with a sample standard deviation of .18. This simple predictor arises by considering each base on the sense strand of yeast to depend only on the three bases 5' to it (a 3rd order Markov chain) and is more accurate in estimating oligonucleotide frequencies than other statistical methods examined. This equation is useful in predicting restriction enzyme fragment sizes, selecting restriction enzymes that cut preferentially in coding vs noncoding regions, and in constructing detailed physical maps of whole genomes. When ranked highest to lowest abundance, the observed frequencies of oligomers of a given length (up to 6 bases) are closely tracked by the predicted abundances of a 3rd or 4th order Markov chain. These ordered abundance curves have a power curve shape with a broad linear range with a sharp break at the top end of the curve. There is also a strong disparity between the most and least abundant oligomer with for example a 79-fold variation between the most and least abundant hexamer. The curves reveal a strong dependence of oligomer frequencies on base composition. Unlike E. Coli, there is no sharp downturn at the low end of the curves and hence, no class of oligomers rare relative to other oligomers of the same length.
Fully integrated on-chip DC-DC converter with a 450x output range (2010)

This paper presents a technique to efficiently supply power over a wide power range using a fully integrated on-chip converter for dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) based applications. All components, including filter elements, are integrated onchip. To achieve high efficiency the converter adaptively switches between different modes of operation by detecting the output current. The design, implemented in the IBM 130nm CMOS technology achieves a peak efficiency of 74.5% and can operate over a 450X power range (0.6mW to 266mW). This represents the best reported power range for a high-efficiency fully integrated on-chip power converter.
Statistical Considerations for Milking Time Tests (1998)

Summary: Milking parlors equipped with milk meters and electronic data collection systems offer the possibility of automated assessment of short-term milking performance. Data that can be used to assess either operator or milking machine performance includes milking time, average and peak milk flow rates, and milk production for individual cows. This paper presents considerations for measurement techniques and statistical analysis of milking time data. Sample size and statistical power consideration for means tests and experimental designs are discussed. This methodology may be valuable for troubleshooting or testing before and after installation of new milking equipment.
Alien Pathogens on the Horizon: Opportunities for Predicting their Threat to Wildlife (2016)

Abstract According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, by 2020 invasive alien species (IAS) should be identified and their impacts assessed, so that species can be prioritized for implementation of appropriate control strategies and measures put in place to manage invasion pathways. For one quarter of the IAS listed as the “100 of the world's worst” environmental impacts are linked to diseases of wildlife (undomesticated plants and animals). Moreover, IAS are a significant source of “pathogen pollution” defined as the human‐mediated introduction of a pathogen to a new host or region. Despite this, little is known about the biology of alien pathogens and their biodiversity impacts after introduction into new regions. We argue that the threats posed by alien pathogens to endangered species, ecosystems, and ecosystem services should receive greater attention through legislation, policy, and management. We identify 10 key areas for research and action, including those relevant to the processes of introduction and establishment of an alien pathogen and to prediction of the spread and associated impact of an alien pathogen on native biota and ecosystems. The development of interdisciplinary capacity, expertise, and coordination to identify and manage threats was seen as critical to address knowledge gaps.
DSMR (2016)

The Single-Source Shortest Path (SSSP) problem is to find the shortest paths from a source vertex to all other vertices in a graph. In this paper, we introduce the Dijkstra Strip-Mined Relaxation (DSMR) algorithm, an efficient parallel SSSP algorithm for shared and distributed memory systems. Our results show that, DSMR is faster than parallel Δ-Stepping by a factor of up-to 1.66.
Selective noise resistant gate (2020)

Realizing individual control on single qubits in a spin-based quantum register is an ever-increasing challenge due to the close proximity of the qubits resonance frequencies. Current schemes typically suffer from an inherent trade-off between fidelity and qubits selectivity. Here, we report on a new scheme which combines noise protection by dynamical decoupling and magnetic gradient based selectivity, to enhance both the fidelity and the selectivity. With a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, we experimentally demonstrate quantum gates with fidelity = 0.9 $\pm$ 0.02 and a 50 kHz spectral bandwidth, which is almost an order of magnitude narrower than the unprotected bandwidth. Our scheme will enable selective control of an individual nitrogen-vacancy qubit in an interacting qubits array using relatively moderate gradients of about 1 mG/nm.
Keeping the Beat: A Large Sample Study of Bouncing and Clapping to Music (2016)

The vast majority of humans move in time with a musical beat. This behaviour has been mostly studied through finger-tapping synchronization. Here, we evaluate naturalistic synchronization responses to music-bouncing and clapping-in 100 university students. Their ability to match the period of their bounces and claps to those of a metronome and musical clips varying in beat saliency was assessed. In general, clapping was better synchronized with the beat than bouncing, suggesting that the choice of a specific movement type is an important factor to consider in the study of sensorimotor synchronization processes. Performance improved as a function of beat saliency, indicating that beat abstraction plays a significant role in synchronization. Fourteen percent of the population exhibited marked difficulties with matching the beat. Yet, at a group level, poor synchronizers showed similar sensitivity to movement type and beat saliency as normal synchronizers. These results suggest the presence of quantitative rather than qualitative variations when losing the beat.
A New Method of Estimation for Moderator Temperature Coefficient Using Fourier Transform. (1995)

Abstract The moderator temperature coefficient (MTC) of a light water reactor is a very important parameter from the reactor safety point of view, because it plays a role in providing negative feedback during power excursions. From this point of view, the MTC, in Japan, is designed to be negative for all operating conditions. In pressurized water reactors (PWRs), the MTC is known to be close to a positive value at beginning of cycle and hot zero power, and it is measured and confirmed to be negative under these conditions at the startup test after each refueling. It takes a few hours to obtain this data, and if possible it would be better to reduce this time in order to shorten the refueling outage time. In this paper we propose a new procedure for measuring the MTC in about a quarter of an hour using Fourier transform of both the reactivity and temperature signals. KEYWORDS: moderatorstemperature coefficientreactivityneutron noiseFourier transformmeasuring methodsPWR type reactorsrefueling
Cooperative response strategies for large scale attack mitigation (2004)

We introduce models for cooperative mitigating response strategies to suppress large scale Internet worm attack. In our models, cooperating members communicate with others using a "friend protocol" that spreads attack reports to potentially vulnerable uninfected sites. We use mathematical models for the simplest strategies and a simulation for more complex models of mitigation. We investigate the performance of different strategies both in the presence of large scale worms and of false alarms.
COVID-19 and the (Broken) Promise of Education for Sustainable Development (2023)

The book charts the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact that it has had on the lives of young people and their communities, education systems, the teaching profession, and the responses by governments, NGOs, and donor organisations in Pakistan. Drawing on theories of postcolonialism, feminism, and neoliberal globalisation, the authors explore the development of Pakistan as a postcolonial nation-state, and examine the legacies of colonialism in education systems and policies, teacher education and development. The Pakistani authors bring extensive knowledge and experience to this case study of the ‘broken promise’ of education for sustainable development. This mix of theoretical insight and practical experience promises to produce significant policy and development impact in post-COVID-19 Pakistan, South Asia more broadly, and in other postcolonial development contexts around the world as it develops a critique of the UN SDGs as a global and more local framework for development.
MOLE CENSUS TECHNIQUES (1997)

Effective mole control is often difficult to achieve. Various types of traps, baits, and fumigants have been developed over the years to reduce mole damage to lawns, golf courses, and other areas. Two studies were conducted in the St. Louis, Missouri area to field test products currently registered by the EPA for mole control. Reliable census methods are required to determine efficacy. The best method used was the hole punch method. It consisted of punching 1.9-2.5 cm diameter holes (using a blunt end broom stick) into the top of a mole shallow tunnel. The punched holes were examined 48 hours later. If a live mole remained within the tunnel system, the holes were neatly plugged by the mole with fresh soil.
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF MACROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS WITH FRAGMENT OF METHYLINDANDONE (2018)

The present communication is a continuation of the systematic studies of the authors in the field of synthesis and studying the properties of macroheterocyclic compounds, as large as possible structural modifications allow currently to synthesize macroheterocyclic compounds, differing in composition, the nature of their constituent heteroatoms and make this class of compounds promising from the point of view of directed synthesis to obtain materials with valuable practical properties. Condensation products and macroheterocyclic compounds of a symmetrical structure are synthesized by the interaction of diimine 2-methylindandione-1,3 with 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid and 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-thiadiazole in a molar ratio of 2:1. Condensation products constitute a powdery substance with different shades of red color, soluble in water and organic solvents of different nature. Macroheterocyclic compounds were synthesized with two ways. The first method is cyclization of compounds of structure 2:1 in a symmetric structure, and the second in a molar ratio of the starting materials. A purification was performed by column chromatography on alumina of II degree of activity by Brockmann eluent acetone - chloroform, 1:1 by volume. An identification of the synthesis products was performed by thin-layer chromatography on plates Silufol UV-254 (eluent – acetone - chloroform, 1:1 by volume). The compounds were characterized by data of IR, electronic and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Electronic absorption spectra were measured on instrument Hitachi U-2010 in quartz cuvettes at 20 °C. IR spectra were obtained on the device Avatar 360 FT-IR ESP in KBr. 1H NMR spectra of solutions of samples in acetone – D6 were recorded on device "AMD Brucker 500" with an internal standard of TMS. The data of elemental analysis obtained on the instrument CHNS-O Analyzer FlashEA 1112 Series. A hypsochromic shift of the absorption bands was observed upon closure in a cycle. The widened absorption bands in the visible part of the electron spectrum indicate that the molecules of synthesized compounds have a flat structure and the absorption due to individual fragments, which are part of molecules and single-chain pairing of the synthesized structures.Forcitation:Berezina G.R., Nikolaeva K.A. Synthesis and properties of macrocyclic compounds with fragment of methylindandone. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 6. P. 29-34
Guanosine triphosphatase stimulation of oncogenic Ras mutants (1999)

Interest in the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) reaction of Ras as a molecular drug target stems from the observation that, in a large number of human tumors, Ras is characteristically mutated at codons 12 or 61, more rarely 13. Impaired GTPase activity, even in the presence of GTPase activating proteins, has been found to be the biochemical reason behind the oncogenicity of most Gly12/Gln61 mutations, thus preventing Ras from being switched off. Therefore, these oncogenic Ras mutants remain constitutively activated and contribute to the neoplastic phenotype of tumor cells. Here, we show that the guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) analogue diaminobenzophenone-phosphoroamidate-GTP (DABP-GTP) is hydrolyzed by wild-type Ras but more efficiently by frequently occurring oncogenic Ras mutants, to yield guanosine 5'-diphosphate-bound inactive Ras and DABP-Pi. The reaction is independent of the presence of Gln61 and is most dramatically enhanced with Gly12 mutants. Thus, the defective GTPase reaction of the oncogenic Ras mutants can be rescued by using DABP-GTP instead of GTP, arguing that the GTPase switch of Ras is not irreversibly damaged. An exocyclic aromatic amino group of DABP-GTP is critical for the reaction and bypasses the putative rate-limiting step of the intrinsic Ras GTPase reaction. The crystal structures of Ras-bound DABP-beta,gamma-imido-GTP show a disordered switch I and identify the Gly12/Gly13 region as the hydrophobic patch to accommodate the DABP-moiety. The biochemical and structural studies help to define the requirements for the design of anti-Ras drugs aimed at the blocked GTPase reaction.
On the design of gallium arsenide receiver pre-amplifiers for optical communication systems (1991)

A preliminary investigation is presented into some ideas concerning GaAs preamplifier designs for optical communication systems. After a brief review of existing preamplifier designs a recently published transimpedance amplifier design is modified in order to enhance performance using cascoding techniques and the introduction of a current mirror in the forward path of the feedback system. Finally, the alternative approach of a common-gate amplifier which avoids feedback is explored with a view to future novel architectures based on current amplification.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The self-assembly, aggregation and phase transitions of food protein systems in one, two and three dimensions (2013)

The aggregation of proteins is of fundamental relevance in a number of daily phenomena, as important and diverse as blood coagulation, medical diseases, or cooking an egg in the kitchen. Colloidal food systems, in particular, are examples that have great significance for protein aggregation, not only for their importance and implications, which touches on everyday life, but also because they allow the limits of the colloidal science analogy to be tested in a much broader window of conditions, such as pH, ionic strength, concentration and temperature. Thus, studying the aggregation and self-assembly of proteins in foods challenges our understanding of these complex systems from both the molecular and statistical physics perspectives. Last but not least, food offers a unique playground to study the aggregation of proteins in three, two and one dimensions, that is to say, in the bulk, at air/water and oil/water interfaces and in protein fibrillation phenomena. In this review we will tackle this very ambitious task in order to discuss the current understanding of protein aggregation in the framework of foods, which is possibly one of the broadest contexts, yet is of tremendous daily relevance.
Update of MRM on-orbit component and app1 results (2012)

Abstract Not Provided