gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sucrose and starch metabolism during Fargesia yunnanensis shoot growth (2019)

Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants in the world, but their shoot buds develop very slowly. Information about the sugar storage and metabolism during the shoot growth is lacking. In the present study, we determined the activity of sucrose and starch metabolizing enzymes during the developmental period of Fargesia yunnanensis from shoot buds to the young culms that have achieved their full height. The soluble sugars and starch contents were also determined and analyzed in shoot buds and shoots at different developmental stages. The results showed that there were higher sucrose contents in shoot buds than shoots, which coincides with the sweeter taste of shoot buds. As the shoot buds sprouted out of the ground, the starch and sucrose were depleted sharply. Coupled with this, the activity of soluble acid invertase (SAI), cell wall-bound invertase (CWI), sucrose synthase at cleavage direction (SUSYC) and starch phosphorylase (STP) increased significantly in the rapidly elongating internodes. These enzymes dominated the rapid elongation of internodes. The activities of SAI, CWI, SUSYC and STP and adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase were higher as compared to other enzymes in the shoot buds, but were far lower than those in the developing shoots. The slow growth of shoot buds was correlated with the low activity of these enzymes. These results complement our understanding of the physiological differences between shoot buds and elongating shoots and ascertain the physiological mechanism for the rapid growth of bamboo shoots.
Dental resins used in 3D printing technologies release ovo-toxic leachates (2020)

We recently engineered the first female reproductive tract on a chip (EVATAR), to enable sex-based ex vivo research. To increase the scalability and accessibility of EVATAR, we turned to 3D printing (3DP) technologies, selecting two biocompatible 3DP resins, Dental SG (DSG) and Dental LT (DLT) to generate 3DP microphysiologic platforms. Due to the known sensitivity of reproductive cells to leachable compounds, we first screened for toxicity of these biomaterials using an in vitro mammalian oocyte maturation assay. Culture of mouse oocytes in 3DP plates using conventionally treated DSG resin resulted in rapid oocyte degeneration. Oxygen plasma treatment of the surface of printed DSG resin prevented this degeneration, and the majority of the resulting oocytes progressed through meiosis in vitro. However, 57.0% ± 37.2% of the cells cultured in the DSG resin plates exhibited abnormal chromosome morphology compared to 19.4% ± 17.3% of controls cultured in polystyrene. All tested DLT resin conditions, including plasma treatment, resulted in complete and rapid oocyte degeneration. To identify the ovo-toxic component of DLT, we analyzed DLT leachate using mass spectroscopy. We identified Tinuvin 292, a commercial light stabilizer, as a major component of the DLT leachate, which resulted in a dose-dependent disruption of meiotic progression and increase in chromosomal abnormalities with oocyte exposure, showing significant ovo-toxicity in mammals. Severe reproductive toxicity induced by in vitro exposure to these 3D-printed resins highlights potential risks of deploying insufficiently characterized materials for biomedical applications and underscores the need for more rigorous evaluation and designation of biocompatible materials.
A 15-meter multi-gigabit W-band bidirectional wireless bridge in fiber-optic access networks (2013)

We present a bidirectional wireless bridge in the W-band enabling the seamless convergence between the wireless and fiber-optic access networks. In the downlink, a 16 Gbit/s QPSK signal is photonically up-converted at the wireless transmitter and electrically down-converted at the wireless receiver. The down-converted signal is re-modulated on to the lightwave and transmit further through the fiber-optic system. In the uplink, both up-and down-conversion are performed by electrical means. Furthermore, we investigate both passive and active wireless transmitters in this work for both downlink and uplink transmissions. With an active wireless transmitter, up to 15 meters wireless transmission is successfully achieved with a BER below the 7% FEC limit in the downlink.
Compressed Vector Set: A Fast and Space-Efficient Data Mining Framework (2018)

In this paper, we present CVS (Compressed Vector Set), a fast and space-efficient data mining framework that efficiently handles both sparse and dense datasets. CVS holds a set of vectors in a compressed format and conducts primitive vector operations, such as lp-norm and dot product, without decompression. By combining these primitive operations, CVS accelerates prominent data mining or machine learning algorithms including k-nearest neighbor algorithm, stochastic gradient descent algorithm on logistic regression, and kernel methods. In contrast to the commonly used sparse matrix/vector representation, which is not effective for dense datasets, CVS efficiently handles sparse datasets and dense datasets in a unified manner. Our experimental results demonstrate that CVS can process both dense datasets and sparse datasets faster than conventional sparse vector representation with smaller memory usage.
Mimics of the binding sites of opioid receptors obtained by molecular imprinting of enkephalin and morphine. (1995)

Molecular imprinting of morphine and the endogenous neuropeptide [Leu5]enkephalin (Leu-enkephalin) in methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymers is described. Such molecular imprints possess the capacity to mimic the binding activity of opioid receptors. The recognition properties of the resultant imprints were analyzed by radioactive ligand binding analysis. We demonstrate that imprinted polymers also show high binding affinity and selectivity in aqueous buffers. This is a major breakthrough for molecular imprinting technology, since the binding reaction occurs under conditions relevant to biological systems. The antimorphine imprints showed high binding affinity for morphine, with Kd values as low as 10(-7) M, and levels of selectivity similar to those of antibodies. Preparation of imprints against Leu-enkephalin was greatly facilitated by the use of the anilide derivative rather than the free peptide as the print molecule, due to improved solubility in the polymerization mixture. Free Leu-enkephalin was efficiently recognized by this polymer (Kd values as low as 10(-7) M were observed). Four tetra- and pentapeptides, with unrelated amino acid sequences, were not bound. The imprints showed only weak affinity for two D-amino acid-containing analogues of Leu-enkephalin. Enantioselective recognition of the L-enantiomer of phenylalanylglycine anilide, a truncated analogue of the N-terminal end of enkephalin, was observed.
The complexity of gene expression dynamics revealed by permutation entropy (2010)

We show that Permutation Entropy is a simple yet robust and powerful approach to identify temporal gene expression profiles of varying complexity that is equally applicable to other types of molecular profile data.
Streaming flow by oscillating bubbles: quantitative diagnostics via particle tracking velocimetry (2017)

Oscillating microbubbles can be used as microscopic agents. Using external acoustic fields they are able to set the surrounding fluid into motion, erode surfaces and even to carry particles attached to their interfaces. Although the acoustic streaming flow that the bubble generates in its vicinity has been often observed, it has never been measured and quantitatively compared with the available theoretical models. The scarcity of quantitative data is partially due to the strong three-dimensional character of bubble-induced streaming flows, which demands advanced velocimetry techniques. In this work, we present quantitative measurements of the flow generated by single and pairs of acoustically excited sessile microbubbles using a three-dimensional particle tracking technique. Using this novel experimental approach we are able to obtain the bubble’s resonant oscillating frequency, study the boundaries of the linear oscillation regime, give predictions on the flow strength and the shear in the surrounding surface and study the flow and the stability of a two-bubble system. Our results show that velocimetry techniques are a suitable tool to make diagnostics on the dynamics of acoustically excited microbubbles.
Does the Employee Have a Special Relationship with the Largest Shareholder? (2020)

기업에 있어 일반적으로 특수관계인이란 기업의 대주주와 친인척, 출자관계에 있는 개인과 법인 등을 의미한다. 특수관계인간에 거래가 이루어지는 경우 이를 이용한 조세회피 등 여러 부작용이 발생할 수 있어 세법은 특수관계인을 일반인과 다르게 취급하여 특수관계인에게 별도의 의무를 부과하거나 권리를 제한하는 등 다양한 방법으로 규제를 하고 있다. 그러나 특수관계인 관련 규정이 도입된 취지와는 다르게 적용되고 있다는 비판이 제기되고 있다. 특히, 친족 및 사용인, 법인 등이 실질적인 내용과는 관계없이 광범위하게 특수관계인의 범위에 포함되어 상당한 선의의 피해자를 양산하고, 그 규정이 비현실적이라는 주장이 많다. 본 연구는 이러한 주장 중 회사의 사용인을 특수관계인으로 볼 수 있는가에 대해 사례를 통하여 검토한다. 사용인은 개인이므로 특성상 그 행태를 명시적으로 관찰하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 따라서 관찰 가능한 개인의 행동 사례를 찾기 위하여 우리사주조합의 의결권 행사 사례를 검토하였다. 우리사주제도(Employee Stock Ownership Plan：ESOP)는 근로자로 하여금 우리사주조합을 통하여 회사의 주식을 취득하고 보유하게 하여 근로자의 경제 및 사회적 지위의 향상과 노사의 협력 증진을 도모함을 목적으로 한다. 근거법인 근로복지기본법은 주주총회에서 선임된 임원 및 소속회사의 근로자로서 소액주주가 아닌 대주주 등의 경우에는 우리사주조합원이 될 수 없다고 하고 있다. 이는 회사 및 지배주주로부터 우리사주조합의 독립성을 보장하기 위해서 조합원의 자격에서 제외시키는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 우리사주조합은 단체이지만 의결권은 조합에 소속된 조합원인 사용인이 개별적으로 행사할 수 있다. 사례를 살펴보면 실제 우리사주조합이나 우리사주조합원은 지배주주와는 별개로 독립적으로 의사결정을 하는 경우가 있다. 이러한 경우 우리사주조합에 소속된 사용인을 특수관계자로 보기는 어려운 점이 있으며, 사용인과 최대주주 등과의 실질관계를 고려하여 특수관계의 여부를 판단하는 것이 보다 더 합리적이라 보여지며 이러한 부분에 있어 입법상 보완이 필요하다고 본다. 기존의 연구가 최대주주 등과 사용인의 특수관계여부를 규정한 세법에 대해서 주로 시대적 문화적 측면을 고려한 판단에 따라 개정의 필요성을 제시한 반면, 본 연구는 사용인으로 볼 수 있는 우리사주조합 조합원의 의결권 행사 사례의 검토를 통해 사용인과 최대주주 등이 특수관계가 아닐 수 있음을 제시하고 있다는 데에 공헌점 있다.
Abstract 878: Mitochondria-targeted drugs stimulate mitophagy and abrogate colon cancer cell proliferation (2018)

Abstract In the US, colorectal cancer is predicted to afflict 1 out of every 20 people and is the third major cause of cancer. The first line of treatment for localized colorectal tumors is surgical resection, while perioperative chemo- and/or radiation-therapy is administered upon disease metastasis. These cytotoxic treatments may have pronounced side-effects and off-target consequences. A major caveat to these treatment regimens is that their efficacy is restricted to tumors that express wild-type KRAS protein. KRAS is a common genetic mutation, accounting for ~50 % of colorectal cancer oncogenic mutations. Thus, there remains a significant need for therapies with increased efficacy, reduced toxicity and directed tumor specificity, particularly in the context of KRAS oncogene expression. With the continuing demonstration that mitochondrial metabolism is a key player in cancer development, progression and metastasis, it is rational to exploit this observation and explore mitochondrial targeted compounds as novel, untapped therapeutics. Indeed, several reports have shown that compounds targeted to the mitochondria induce anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects in tumor cells without a significant impact on normal cells. We sought to exploit mitochondria-targeted cationic drugs that selectively inhibit energy metabolism in cancer cells as treatment of KRAS mutant colorectal cancer. The anti-cancer mechanisms of Mito-CP and Mito-Met, two mitochondria-targeted drugs we have shown to block bioenergetic metabolism, were examined in wild-type and oncogenic KRAS-expressing colon cancer cells. Mitochondrial function, intracellular ATP levels, cellular uptake, energy sensor signaling and functional effects on cancer cell growth were assayed. Both Mito-CP and Mito-Met depleted intracellular ATP and caused prolonged inhibition of ATP-linked oxygen consumption in colon cancer cells. The anti-proliferative effects reflected the activation of AMPK and the phosphorylation-mediated inhibition of the mTORC1-target p70S6K. Moreover, Mito-CP and Mito-Met released the autophagy regulator ULK1 from mTORC1-mediated inhibition, leading to mitophagy. Inhibition of AMPK and mTORC1 signaling mitigated the anti-proliferative effects of these mitochondria-targeted compounds. These data are the first demonstration that drugs selectively targeting the cancer cell mitochondria induce mitophagy. Given the resistance of KRAS colon cancer tumors to immunotherapeutic agents, targeting bioenergetic metabolism using mitochondria-targeted agents to stimulate mitophagy provides an attractive novel approach for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: Kathleen A. Boyle, Jonathan VanWickle, Jacek Zielonka, Gang Cheng, Balaraman Kalyanaraman, Michael B. Dwinell. Mitochondria-targeted drugs stimulate mitophagy and abrogate colon cancer cell proliferation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 878.
T cell activation through TCR/-CD3 complex. IL-2 production of T cell clones stimulated with anti-CD3 without cross-linkage (1992)

To elucidate the Th cell activation mechanism through the TCR/CD3 complex, we examined the reactivity of T cell clones to soluble monovalent and divalent anti-CD3 without accessory cells or costimulatory factor. All T cell clones tested produced IL-2 in response to monovalent anti-CD3, although reactivity to divalent anti-CD3 was variable depending upon clones. IL-2 production of T cell clones induced by monovalent anti-CD3 was suppressed by cross-linking of the antibody with anti-hamster IgG. IL-2 mRNA expression and the increment of intracellular Ca2+ concentration were consistent with the IL-2 production. When T cell clones were stimulated with monovalent anti-CD3, they increased in size, although divalent anti-CD3 stimulation did not affect their size irrespective of their IL-2 production. These results indicate that monovalent anti-CD3 is more efficient than divalent anti-CD3 in induction of IL-2 production and that the cross-linkage of the TCR/CD3 complex is not necessarily required for the T cell clone activation.
Fast Inference for Situational Awareness in 5G Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO Systems (2019)

Situational awareness in wireless networks refers to the availability of information on node locations and their environments. Fifth generation millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output communication systems have the potential to jointly estimate the position, orientation, and clock offset of user equipments together with the positions of reflecting or scattering objects in their propagation environments. However, even in a static setting, the corresponding maximum a posteriori estimation problem is nonlinear and non-convex, and thus very difficult to solve in moderate computation time. We present an augmented version of the optimization problem underlying maximum a posteriori estimation, where geometric constraints are introduced to limit the size of the search space considerably. The constrained problem is then solved using a conventional interior point optimization method. Numerical results show that our approach has a very low computational complexity and that it can typically reach the Cramer-Rao lower bound.
Constellation distortion monitoring for imbalance of balanced detection in incoherent optical QAM signaling (2014)

We propose a monitoring technique for constellation distortion due to imbalance of balanced detection in incoherent optical QAM signaling, and we experimentally confirm that its features can contribute realization of adaptive balance compensation.
Enhancement of eicosaenoic acid lipoxygenation in human platelets by 12‐hydroperoxy derivative of arachidonic acid (1985)

Human platelet lipoxygenase activity toward several eicosaenoic acids was measured in intact cells as well as in subcellular fractions (cytosol and membranes). In whole platelets, the lipoxygenation of eicosaenoic acids was enhanced greatly by high concentration of aspirin, which partially inhibit the peroxidase activity associated with the pathway. The lipoxygenation also was increased by arachidonic acid (AA) or its lipoxygenase product, 12-hydroxyperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE). Similarly, prostanoid precursors, dihomogammalinolenic (DHLA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids also were better converted by cyclooxygenase in the presence of AA or 12-HPETE. Among the eicosaenoic acids tested, EPA oxygenation was affected most. Using cytosol or membranes as the lipoxygenase source instead of whole cells led to completely different results. AA exerted a competitive inhibition upon the other eicosaenoic acid oxygenation except that of EPA, for which a dual effect of AA was observed. This makes questionable the use of platelet subfractions for investigating lipoxygenase activity. We conclude that platelet lipoxygenation of eicosaenoic acids appears peroxide-dependent, especially for apparent poor substrates like EPA. This might be relevant in respect to 12-HPETE, which is the main hydroperoxy derivative to be produced during platelet activation.
Analysis of room acoustics in Danish Hospitals (2018)

This project aims to compare room acoustic parameters and noise levels in various Danish hospitals: Odense, Gentofte, Bispebjerg, Hillerød and Aarhus Hospitals. Room acoustic conditions are measured in audiometric rooms at Odense, Gentofte, Bispebjerg and Aarhus hospitals. The noise levels in emergency rooms at Gentofte, Køge and Hillerød hospitals are measured over several days. The measurements are also compared with the requirements in the Danish Building Regulation, WHO guidelines and previous studies. The main parameters considered are the reverberation time parameters, e.g., Early decay time (EDT) and T20, and the sound pressure level metrics, namely the equivalent level and peak level. In addition, the staff at the hospitals is asked about their personal perception of the acoustic and noise conditions and the correlation between their subjective disturbances/annoyance and the objective acoustic parameters is investigated
Session summary (1994)

The papers in this group cover a broad range of topics from different perspectives. They have in common an emphasis on the handling of frequently-occurring phenomena in real data sets of spoken and written language, phenomena which are in some sense outside of the scope of some of the core problems in human language technologies. We can view problems such as acoustic processing, word recognition, sentence parsing, and word sense disambiguation as core problems because they have a wealth of published literature and a set of broadly applied techniques. By contrast, the natural language papers in this session hit upon issues like recognizing speech repairs and designing "templates" to capture information and test text understanding. These issues are also central to HLT work, but have certainly not evolved into mature practices.
Environmental Control of an Argon Plasma Effluent and Its Role in THP-1 Monocyte Function (2017)

Plasma medicine is a rapidly advancing field. As one promising application, cold plasma has been ascribed a beneficial role in wound healing in which monocytes/macrophages play an important part. Wound healing and many other physiological and pathological processes are subject to redox control. Cold plasma expels reactive species of many kinds, thereby altering the redox state and mediating cell and tissue responses. Controlling this species efflux could be a valuable asset to control biological effects. We, therefore, investigated the biological response of a plasma treatment regimen that was gas shielded from the ambient environment. In this gas curtain, several N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> :O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ratios were investigated, and we discovered a modulation within the composition of active compounds (NO <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , NO <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) in physiological solutions. Using a human monocyte cell line, the cell's scavenging activity toward these molecules was assessed. With regard to cellular processes important in wound healing, such as cytokines release, O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> shielding provided stronger stimulation compared to N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> shielding. Altogether, the results support the idea that tuning the plasma-derived reactive species composition may be an interesting approach to improve plasma medical applications.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFUSION ON CRYSTAL SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN A CONTINUOUS CRYSTALLIZER (1973)

Abstract A general steady-state model for the ideal, continuous, mixed suspension, mixed product removal crystallizer is developed in the tradition of Randolph and Larson. Relations derived from the mass balances lead to imposition of constraints on the functional form of the crystal growth rate expression. Application to power law and linear growth rate equations indicates that their parameters must satisfy specific inequalities. Crystal growth rate relations are developed which incorporate both surface reaction kinetics and diffusive mass transfer. Calculated crystal size distributions demonstrate a maximum in the curve which becomes more pronounced as diffusion resistance increases. Limited experimental data support the analysis.
Approaches for Unraveling the Joint Genetic Determinants of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder (2007)

Since Emil Kraepelin proposed in 1919 that dementia praecox (schizophrenia) be differentiated from manic depression (bipolar disorder), the concept of nosological dichotomy has greatly influenced the diagnosis, treatment, and research of pathogenesis of these 2 disorders. However, this concept has recently been challenged by increasing evidence showing biological overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. This article reviews some of the previous evidence for phenomenological and molecular overlaps between these 2 disorders. We then discuss approaches for examining shared etiological mechanisms with a concentration on genetic factors. We have put a particular emphasis on incorporating the concept of endophenotypes in research of shared genetic liability for these 2 disorders.
FPGA usage for power inverters diagnostics (2013)

This article deals with FPGA usage in power inverter diagnostics. This paper proposes inverter control system design with build in diagnostics features. The base of diagnostics functions is new IGBT driver architecture with advanced measurement of transient phenomena during transistor switching on and off. The processing of measured signal is assumed in FPGA directly built in in the driver hardware. The advantage of new inverter controller architecture is continuous monitoring of inverter condition and allows watching parameter degradation during inverter life. The data obtained from diagnostics system can serve for power system failure prediction and maintenance planning. The proposed solution is expensive, but it can be useful in very high power applications such as train drives.