gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Semi-Empirical Model for Droplet Size Determination of a Three-Channel Spray Nozzle for Pellet Coating Based on the Optical Method Concept (2022)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the droplet size obtained with a three-channel spray nozzle typically used in fluid bed devices and to construct a semi-empirical model for prediction of droplet size. With the aid of a custom-made optical method concept, the impact of the type of polymer and solvents used through dispersion properties (viscosity, density, and surface tension), dispersion flow rate, atomization pressure, and microclimate pressure on droplet size was investigated. A semi-empirical model with adequate predictability for calculating the average droplet size (R2 = 0.90, Q2 = 0.73) and its distribution (R2 = 0.84, Q2 = 0.61) was constructed by employing dimensional analysis and design of experiments. Newtonian and non-Newtonian dispersion and process parameters on laboratory and on production scale were included, thereby enabling constant droplet size irrespective of the scale. Based on the model results, it would be possible to scale-up the atomization process (e.g., coating process) from laboratory to production scale in a systematic fashion, regardless of the type of solvent or polymer used. For the system investigated, this can be performed by understanding the dispersion properties, such as viscosity, density, and surface tension, as well as the following process parameters: dispersion flow rate, atomization, and microclimate pressure.
High Sensitivity of Mobile Phone Microscopy Screening for Schistosoma haematobium in Azaguié, Côte d’Ivoire (2022)

Schistosomiasis infections continue to impact African settings disproportionately, and there is an urgent need for novel tools to evaluate infection control and elimination strategies at the community level. Mobile phone microscopes are portable and semiautomated devices with multiple applications for screening neglected tropical diseases. In a community-based schistosomiasis screening program in Azaguié, Côte d'Ivoire, mobile phone microscopy demonstrated a sensitivity of 85.7% (95% CI: 69.7-95.2%) and specificity of 93.3% (95% CI: 87.7-96.9%) for Schistosoma haematobium identification compared with conventional light microscopy, and 95% sensitivity (95% CI: 74.1-99.8%) with egg concentrations of five or more per 10 mL of urine. Mobile phone microscopy is a promising tool for schistosomiasis control and elimination efforts.
The Effect of Thiouracil and Diethylstilbestrol Treatment of Turkeys on Storage Quality of the Meat (1950)

The widespread acceptance of diethylstilbestrol pellets as a means of improving the quality of poultry meat suggests that the keeping quality of the meat should be investigated. Up to the present time, most of the work with this estrogen has been with chickens, but there are several reports on improvement of finish in turkeys. The factors that affect the keeping quality of poultry meat in storage have received the attention of numerous workers. The report of Schreiber et al. (1947) showed that the inclusion of alfalfa in the diet of chickens for 1 or 2 weeks prior to slaughter greatly decreased the stability of fat of the carcass during frozen storage. Wagoner, Vail and Conrad (1947a) found that starving poultry for 16 hours before slaughter increased the storage stability slightly, but significantly. The use of estrogens and thiouracil to improve finish of turkeys was reported by Henderson, Carver and Stephenson . . .
Current Technique and Application of Percutaneous Cryotherapy (2018)

· Mahnken AH, König AM, Figiel JH. Current Technique and Application of Percutaneous Cryotherapy. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2018; 190: 836 - 846.
A modular architecture for very large packet switches (1990)

Switch modules, the building blocks of this system, are independently operated packet switches. Each module consists of a Batcher sorting network, a stack of binary trees, and a bundle of banyan networks. The modular architecture is a unification of the Batcher-banyan switch and the knockout switch, and can be physically realized as an array of three-dimensional parallel processors. Switch modules are interconnected only at the outputs by multiplexers. The partitioned switch fabric provides a flexible distributed architecture, which is the key to simplify the operation and maintenance of the whole switching system. The modularity implies less stringent synchronization requirements and makes higher-speed implementation possible. The proposed modular switch is intended to meet the needs of broadband telephone offices of all sizes. It is estimated that a modular switch with terabit capacity can be built using current VLSI technologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Assessment of coronary vasoreactivity by MDCT: A validation study with 82Rb cardiac PET/CT (2010)

Observed ICH has increased in incidence in our hospitals over the past 10 years. Increasing availability of neuroimaging, increasing numbers of elderly, and increasing warfarin associated ICH were likely contributors to this observed increase. Radiological evidence of extension of intraventricular bleed, warfarin use, lobar location of bleed, and increasing age correlated with poorer survival. This data will be available for comparison with future studies to assess trends in incidence, patient characteristics and outcome in ICH.
Real-time path planning to prevent traffic jam through an intelligent transportation system (2016)

Congestion is a major problem in large cities. One of the main causes of congestion is the sudden increase of vehicle traffic during peak hours. Current solutions are based on perceiving road traffic conditions and re-routing vehicles to avoid the congested area. However, they do not consider the impact of these changes on near future traffic patterns. Hence, these approaches are unable to provide a long-term solution to the congestion problem, since when suggesting alternative routes they create new bottlenecks at roads closer to the congested one, thus just transferring the problem from one point to another. With this issue in mind, we propose an intelligent traffic system called CHIMERA, which improves the overall spatial utilization of a road network and also reduces the average vehicle travel costs by avoiding vehicles from getting stuck in traffic. Simulation results show that our proposal is more efficient in forecasting congestion and is able to re-route vehicles appropriately, performing a proper load balance of vehicular traffic.
The Identification of Markers of Macrophage Differentiation in PMA-Stimulated THP-1 Cells and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages (2010)

Differentiated macrophages are the resident tissue phagocytes and sentinel cells of the innate immune response. The phenotype of mature tissue macrophages represents the composite of environmental and differentiation-dependent imprinting. Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD(3)) are stimuli commonly used to induce macrophage differentiation in monocytic cell lines but the extent of differentiation in comparison to primary tissue macrophages is unclear. We have compared the phenotype of the promonocytic THP-1 cell line after various protocols of differentiation utilising VD(3) and PMA in comparison to primary human monocytes or monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Both stimuli induced changes in cell morphology indicative of differentiation but neither showed differentiation comparable to MDM. In contrast, PMA treatment followed by 5 days resting in culture without PMA (PMAr) increased cytoplasmic to nuclear ratio, increased mitochondrial and lysosomal numbers and altered differentiation-dependent cell surface markers in a pattern similar to MDM. Moreover, PMAr cells showed relative resistance to apoptotic stimuli and maintained levels of the differentiation-dependent anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 similar to MDM. PMAr cells retained a high phagocytic capacity for latex beads, and expressed a cytokine profile that resembled MDM in response to TLR ligands, in particular with marked TLR2 responses. Moreover, both MDM and PMAr retained marked plasticity to stimulus-directed polarization. These findings suggest a modified PMA differentiation protocol can enhance macrophage differentiation of THP-1 cells and identify increased numbers of mitochondria and lysosomes, resistance to apoptosis and the potency of TLR2 responses as important discriminators of the level of macrophage differentiation for transformed cells.
Study of Ti–Si in situ composite processing by multi-stage eutectic solidification (2004)

Abstract A titanium composite alloy (Ti –Al –Si – Zr) manufacturing process using eutectic solidification was studied by simultaneous thermal analysis up to 1480 °C. Phase transformations predicted by sections of the phase stability diagram (ThermoCalc optimisation) have been observed. The structure of the alloy was also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light optical microscopy (LOM) and X-ray microanalysis. Several patterns, unexplained on the basis of the stable phase diagrams of the system, are revealed to be associated with metastable phase transformations. The results can be used for a determination of composite applications and the optimisation of its casting technology.
The Preciousness of Everything the 2014 Brian Medlin Memorial Lecture 1 (2015)

Speech delivered at the launch of Never Mind about the Bourgeoisie: the Correspondence between Iris Murdoch and Brian Medlin 1976-1995 edited by Gillian Dooley and Graham Nerlich.
Coherence in child language narratives: a case study of annotation and automatic prediction of coherence. (2012)

Coherence is an important aspect of language ability. In this study, we analyze and annotate child language samples of story retell sessions for coherence and presence of narrative structure and narrative quality constructs. We use these constructs as features and use existing Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to build models that automatically predict coherence and language impairment in narratives. Our feature analysis results give us an insight into some of the important narrative quality features such as the use of cognitive inferences and social engagement devices. Our study shows that modeling of coherence in the context of language development in children is promising.
Lymph node metastasis along the recurrent nerve chain is an indication for cervical lymph node dissection in thoracic esophageal cancer (2001)

This study examined whether recurrent nerve chain node metastasis serves as an indicative factor for cervical lymph node dissection in thoracic esophageal cancer. The association of recurrent nerve chain lymph node metastasis and cervical node metastasis was analyzed for 91 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who had undergone three-field lymph node dissection. In patients with upper thoracic esophageal cancer, the incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis was similar regardless of recurrent nerve chain node metastasis. On the other hand, in patients with middle or lower esophageal cancer, the incidence was significantly higher in recurrent nerve-positive (16/31, 51.6%) than in recurrent nerve-negative (5/43, 11.6%) patients. The prognosis of patients with recurrent nerve chain node metastasis was significantly better in the three-field dissection group than in the two-field dissection group, while in patients with no recurrent nerve chain node metastasis, survival was similar between the two groups. In conclusion, cervical lymphadenectomy can be omitted for recurrent nerve chain node-negative patients with middle and lower thoracic esophageal cancer.
Manipulation of Transgene Expression in Fibroblast Cells by a Multifunctional Linear-Branched Hybrid Poly(β-Amino Ester) Synthesized through an Oligomer Combination Approach (2018)

Delivery of functional genetic materials into fibroblast cells to manipulate the transgene expression is of great significance in skin gene therapy. Despite numerous polymeric gene delivery systems having been developed, highly safe and efficient fibroblast gene transfection has not yet been achieved. Here, through a new linear oligomer combination strategy, linear poly(β-amino ester) oligomers are connected by the branching units, forming a new type of poly(β-amino ester). This new multifunctional linear-branched hybrid poly(β-amino ester) (LBPAE) shows high-performance fibroblast gene transfection. In human primary dermal fibroblasts (HPDFs) and mouse embryo fibroblasts (3T3s), ultrahigh transgene expression is achieved by LBPAE: up to 3292-fold enhancement in Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) expression and nearly 100% of green fluorescence protein expression are detected. Concurrently, LBPAE is of high in vitro biocompatibility. In depth mechanistic studies reveal that versatile LBPAE can navigate multiple extra- and intracellular barriers involved in the fibroblast gene transfection. More importantly, LBPAE can effectively deliver minicircle DNA encoding COL7A1 gene (a large and functional gene construct) to substantially upregulate the expression of type VII collagen (C7) in HPDFs, demonstrating its great potential in the treatment of C7-deficiency related genodermatoses such as recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.
Design considerations for dipole for head MRI at 10.5T (2015)

As the world's first 10.5T whole body human MRI scanner is ready for discoveries on new research frontiers, RF challenges need to be overcome to fully realize the benefits of the ultra-high MRI system. Dipole antennas were investigated with the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. For best head MRI at 10.5T, results showed that dipole arrays should be long and conformal to the head geometry. A bottom ring connecting all dipole elements with adjustable capacitance can be helpful in improving RF homogeneity. RF and dielectric shielding, and dielectric pads around head may result in a dramatic rise of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) within head tissues.
Development of a High-Performance Polyester Fiber Carpet Pad (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Interior quietness has been improved over the years until it has now become an important fundamental performance requirement of vehicles. Simple approaches to assuring quietness include the addition of sound isolation materials or the provision of sound-deadening space. These approaches, however, have the undesirable effects of increasing the vehicle weight or sacrificing interior space. Previously, we investigated the effect of the fiber composition on sound isolation performance, focusing on polyester fiber material (nonwoven fabric), and researched sound-isolating materials that would not involve a weight increase. That work led to the development of a polyester fiber material with an optimized fiber composition. The material has been applied to a dash silencer that simultaneously achieves improved sound isolation performance and a lighter weight compared with previous materials. That technology provided the basis for developing a polyester fiber carpet pad. Besides sound isolation, a carpet pad must also provide reactive force and durability against loading as well as good formability and form adaptability because of its complicated shape. These requirements pose a higher technical hurdle than in the case of the dash silencer. The new carpet pad features an optimized fiber composition consisting of side-by-side conjugate polyester matrix fiber and crystal-line polyester binder fiber. The composition satisfies the requirements mentioned above with only half the density of previous materials. Compared with the previous carpet pad made of foamed urethane, the newly developed carpet pad improves the sound isolation performance of the floor and also achieves a weight saving of 15-40%. Furthermore, the new carpet pad can be returned to polyester staple fiber by a fiber opener (that is a recycle machine from nonwoven to staple fiber). This recycled polyester staple fiber can be used again for a carpet pad or other pad use.&lt;/div&gt;
IL-12 Provides Proliferation and Survival Signals to Murine CD4+ T Cells Through Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway (2002)

IL-12 is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity. IL-12 induces T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion from activated T cells. It was also reported that IL-12 prevents apoptosis of CD4(+) T cells. However, the signaling mechanism that regulates these IL-12-induced responses is poorly understood yet. In this study, we demonstrated that IL-12 activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in murine CD4(+) T cells, and that this signaling pathway is required for IL-12-induced T cell proliferation and antiapoptotic function, but not for IFN-gamma induction. Through PI3K/Akt pathway, IL-12 up-regulates the expression of cell cycle-related molecule such as cyclin D3, and antiapoptotic molecules such as Bcl-2 and cellular inhibitors of apoptosis proteins-2, followed by down-regulation of active caspase-3. These results suggest that PI3K/Akt pathway is critical for mediating IL-12-induced CD4(+) T cell responses such as T cell proliferation and survival.
Preparation and antitumor activity of new mitomycin A analogs (1987)

A series of 26 mitomycin A analogues including 23 new ones was prepared by a variety of methods. The most useful methods were alkoxide exchange on mitomycin A and treatment of 7-hydroxymitosane with 3-substituted 1-phenyltriazenes. Many of the new analogues were superior to mitomycin C in the P388 leukemia assay and the more stringent subcutaneous B16 melanoma assay both in mice. Four of them gave long-term survivors in the latter assay. Quantitative correlations between log P and antitumor activity were not possible, but some guidelines for future analogue development are proposed.
A 10 b, 20 Msample/s, 35 mW pipeline A/D converter (1995)

This paper describes a 10 b, 20 Msample/s pipeline A/D converter implemented in 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology which achieves a power dissipation of 35 mW at full speed operation. Circuit techniques used to achieve this level of power dissipation include digital correction to allow the use of dynamic comparators, and optimum scaling of capacitor values through the pipeline. Also, to be compatible with low voltage mixed-signal system environments, a switched capacitor (SC) circuit in each pipeline stage is implemented and operated at 3.3 V with a new high-speed, low-voltage operational amplifier and charge pump circuits. Measured performance includes 0.6 LSB of INL, 59.1 dB of SNDR (Signal-to-Noise-plus-Distortion-Ratio) for 100 kHz input at 20 Msample/s. At Nyquist sampling (10 MHz input) SNDR is 55.0 dB. Differential input range is /spl plusmn/1 V, and measured input referred RMS noise is 220 /spl mu/V. The power dissipation at 1 MS/s is below 3 mW with 58 dB of SNDR.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An Underlying Pathological Factor in Pancreatic Cancer and Diabetic Retinopathy: A High-level Over-expression of N-and O-glycan Glycosyltransferases in Pancreatic Tumors and Diabetic Neutrophils (2021)

Diabetes is a widely existing disease in patients at risk of pancreatic cancer. It originates from pancreatic endocrine gland whereas pancreatic cancer develops from exocrine glands. Leukocyte cell surface glycans are involved in leukocyte-endothelial cell adherence and retinal endothelial cell death in diabetic retinopathy. A stimulation of hexosamine biosynthesis pathway occurs in diabetes and in pancreatic cancer controlled by oncogene KRAS variant. The present study found a significant elevation of \(\alpha\)1-3 and \(\alpha\)1-4fucosyltransferase activities in pancreatic cancer serum. We examined 5 pancreatic non-tumor and 14 pancreatic tumor tissue specimens for quantitative changes in glycosyltransferse (GTs) activities in pancreatic tumorigenesis by following the incorporation of 14C or 3H monosaccharide (CPM) from 14C or 3H monosaccharide donors into specific acceptor catalyzed by 1 mg protein of TritonX-100 solubilized tissue extract. As compared to pancreatic non-tumor tissue specimens with a very low level of GTs activities, pancreatic tumor specimens on average contained 26.0, 42.9, 331.7, 121.0 and 62.8-fold of \(\alpha\)1-2, \(\alpha\)1-3, \(\alpha\)1-4, \(\alpha\)1-6 FTs and FT VI activities respectively. The major sialyltransferase \(\alpha\)2-3 (O)ST and sialomucin glycoproteins increased 95.4 and 4.0-fold; N-glycan \(\alpha\)Man: \(\beta\)1-2GlcNAc-T, chain elongating \(\beta\)Gal: \(\beta\)1-3 GlcNAc-T and N-glycan GalNAc capping \(\beta\)1-3/1-4 GalNAc-T were respectively 95.0, 2.7 and 14.8-fold and the mRNAs of FUT-4, \(\beta\)1-3 and \(\beta\)1-4 GalNAc-Ts were 8.3, 12.0 and 2.4-fold respectively. The increase in activity in neutrophils of retinopathy vs. normal was: \(\beta\)1-2- GlcNAc-T (9.0 fold), \(\beta\)1-3-GlcNAc-T (2.5), \(\alpha\)1-3- FT (3.5), \(\alpha\)1-6-FT (3.3), FTVII (1.9), \(\alpha\)GalNAc: \(\beta\)1-3-GalT (1.4), \(\beta\)GlcNAc: \(\beta\)1-4-Gal-T (2.1), \(\alpha\)2-3-(O)ST (2.1), \(\alpha\)2-3-(N)ST (4.5), \(\alpha\)2-6-(N)ST (8.1). GalNAc replacing Gal in LacNAc terminals results in changes of glycosyltransferase specificities and the modified GalNAc \(\beta\)1-4GlcNAc by FTs and STs bind to lectins such as WGA and SNA. In contrast to a low-level expression-difference of glycosyltransferases between tumor and non-tumor specimens from stomach, prostate and colon, a multifold increase in GTs in pancreatic tumor would indicate their significant role in invasion and intractability of pancreatic cancer. The high-level GT activities in diabetic neutrophils could contribute to the alterations in cell-cell interactions in diabetic retinopathy.
Droperidol Treatment of Status Migrainosus and Refractory Migraine (1997)

We conducted a pilot study of intravenous droperidol in 35 patients (32 women and 3 men; mean age 43 years) with status migrainosus (n = 25) or refractory migraine (n = 10) in an ambulatory infusion center. Headache was graded as severe in 21 patients and moderate in 14. An intravenous line was started and kept open. Droperidol (2.5 mg) was given intravenously every 30 minutes until either three doses were given or the patient was completely or almost headache-free prior to the next dose. Seven patients received one dose, 12 received two doses, and 16, three doses (mean 5.6 mg). Our success rate (headache-free or mild headache) was 88% (22 of 25) in patients with status migrainosus and 100% (10 of 10) in patients with refractory migraine. The average time to headache improvement was 40 minutes (n = 35), to mild headache--60 minutes (n = 32), and to headache-free--105 minutes (n = 28). Nausea, vomiting, and light and sound sensitivity resolved in all but 5 patients. Four patients had an asymptomatic systolic blood pressure drop > or = 20 mm Hg. Most patients were sedated (34 of 35). Five patients developed akathisia and 1 dystonia. At follow-up 24 hours after discharge, the recurrence rate (headache intensity from none or mild to moderate or severe) was 23% in status migrainosus and 10% in refractory migraine. Twenty-one patients were sedated, while 19 had extrapyramidal symptoms, mainly restlessness. Droperidol is effective and safe in treating status migrainosus or refractory migraine. Hypotension was uncommon. Patients should be warned of sedation and akathisia.