gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed optical fibre temperature measurements in a low dose rate radiation environment based on Rayleigh backscattering (2012)

On-line monitoring of environmental conditions in nuclear facilities is becoming a more and more important problem. Standard electronic sensors are not the ideal solution due to radiation sensitivity and difficulties in installation of multiple sensors. In contrast, radiation-hard optical fibres can sustain very high radiation doses and also naturally offer multi-point or distributed monitoring of external perturbations. Multiple local electro-mechanical sensors can be replaced by just one measuring fibre. At present, there are over four hundred operational nuclear power plants (NPPs) in the world 1. Operating experience has shown that ineffective control of the ageing degradation of major NPP components can threaten plant safety and also plant life. Among those elements, cables are vital components of I&C systems in NPPs. To ensure their safe operation and predict remaining life, environmental monitoring is necessary. In particular, temperature and radiation dose are considered to be the two most important parameters. The aim of this paper is to assess experimentally the feasibility of optical fibre temperature measurements in a low doserate radiation environment, using a commercially available reflectometer based on Rayleigh backscattering. Four different fibres were installed in the Sub-Pile Room of the BR2 Material testing nuclear reactor in Mol, Belgium. This place is man-accessible during the reactor shut-down, allowing easy fibre installation. When the reactor operates, the dose-rates in the room are in a range 0.005-5 Gy/h with temperatures of 40-60 &deg;C, depending on the location. Such a surrounding is not much different to some "hot" environments in NPPs, where I&C cables are located.
Novel coupling concept for five-contact vertical hall devices (2011)

This paper reports on an improved coupling concept of CMOS-based five-contact (5C) vertical Hall sensors (VHS) for measuring in-plane magnetic field components. In contrast to existing sensor approaches using four 5C-VHS connected in parallel, only two 5C-VHS coupled in series are required. The coupling concept thus minimizes sensor footprint as well as power consumption. Furthermore, the 5C-VHS coupled in series exhibit a Hall sensitivity increased by 34 % and an inherent offset signal reduced by up to 80 % compared to individual 5C-VHS. The paper presents the novel coupling concept, finite element simulations describing the influence of the coupling scheme on the magnetic field sensitivity and experimental results comparing single 5C-VHS and arrangements of two and four coupled 5C-VHS.
Supporting Skill-based Flexible Manufacturing with Symbolic AI Methods (2020)

Many manufacturing processes ask for greater flexibility and transparency, which represent key features for constructing robust industrial cyber-physical systems. In the Industry 4.0 scenario, where factories are equipped with 'smart' machines, it is crucial to have robust AI methods that allow to completely automate assembly by quickly adapting to various production requests. This is complemented by making the system transparent, which gives understanding how the manufacturing process is carried out and helps build trust in such systems. To this end, we exploit semantic technologies to represent machines' capabilities and match them to production requests, to address the question of flexibility, as well as AI planning techniques to generate production sequences. We utilize OWL justifications, as a well established explanations technique in OWL ontologies, to explain the matching of machines' skills to product requests and the generated production sequences. We illustrate results from our methods for an experimental production facility.
A Row Chain Cell Array structure and current sense amplifier for PoRAM (2008)

Polymer Random Access Memory (PoRAM) is a nonvolatile memory device that Au, N, Cs and etc trapping charges are inserted into polymer material. The cell array structure it is hard to read data correctly because of current interference between cells. In this paper, to compensate for these problems, a new cell array called 'Row Chain Cell Array' is suggested that does not have current interference. Furthermore, to read data, a current sense amplifier is more efficient and faster than the previous voltage sense amplifier due to low input impedance and low RC delay. We are verified by simulation.
Observation of a 3D Network Nano-Structure of Carbon Nanotubes Scaffold for Cultivation (2011)

Development of scaffolds consisting of micro-/nano-sized materials have attracted a great deal of attention for their potential use in tissue engineering tools. We prepared a cell culture scaffold of carbon nanotubes, which is a typical bio-inert nanomaterial, and then investigated the surface morphology and properties. A three-dimensional nano-level network structure was observed using a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope. The scaffold also exhibited excellent protein absorption. In order to apply the obtained scaffold to the cultivation of osteoblast cells, the cytocompatibility was comparable to that of a conventional cell culture dish. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2011.80]
An Exact Algorithm for the Shortest Path Problem With Position-Based Learning Effects (2016)

The shortest path problems (SPPs) with learning effects (SPLEs) have many potential and interesting applications. However, at the same time they are very complex and have not been studied much in the literature. In this paper, we show that learning effects make SPLEs completely different from SPPs. An adapted A* (AA*) is proposed for the SPLE problem under study. Though global optimality implies local optimality in SPPs, it is not the case for SPLEs. As all subpaths of potential shortest solution paths need to be stored during the search process, a search graph is adopted by AA* rather than a search tree used by A*. Admissibility of AA* is proven. Monotonicity and consistency of the heuristic functions of AA* are redefined and the corresponding properties are analyzed. Consistency/monotonicity relationships between the heuristic functions of AA* and those of A* are explored. Their impacts on efficiency of searching procedures are theoretically analyzed and experimentally evaluated.
The diagnostic evaluation of hepatobiliary scintigraphy with 99mTc-PMT in acute cholecystitis. (1985)

99mTc-PMTを用いた肝胆道スキャンによる急性胆嚢炎の診断について, 胆摘後症例を除く良性胆道疾患80例を対象に検討した.急性胆嚢炎の診断基準として従来用いられてきた胆嚢描画の有無では, specificity 63%, efficiency72%, predictability positive test (有病正診率) 45%であった.胆嚢描画陰性に加え腸管運動低下を診断基準に加えるとspecificity 97%, efficiency 97%, predictability positive test 90%と診断能が有意 (p<0.01) に向上した.従って, 急性胆嚢炎の診断基準に, 腸管運動低下所見の有無を加味することが意義あることと言える.
Cryo-EM structure of P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein with a vaccine-elicited antibody is stabilized by somatically mutated inter-Fab contacts (2018)

An unprecedented spiral structure of the malarial CSP protein in complex with a protective antibody is revealed by cryo-EM.
Microjet Injection Strategies for Mitigating Dynamics in a Lean Premixed Swirl-Stabilized Combustor (2011)

Combustion dynamics remain a challenge in the development of low-emission, air-breathing combustors for power generation and aircraft propulsion. In this paper, we presenta parametric study on the use of microjet injectors for suppressing or mitigating the combustion dynamics that energize the thermoacoustic instability in a swirl-stabilized, premixed combustor. Microjet injectors consist of small inlet ports intended to inject flow with high momentum at relatively low mass flow rates into the flame-anchoring region. The microjets were configured to inject flow either axially, into the outer recirculation zone, or radially into the inner recirculation zone. Additionally, different injectors were tested with different relative senses of swirl (signs of angular momentum)with respect to the main flow: co-swirling, not swirling, or counter-swirling. We observed that injecting air or premixed fuel/air into the inner recirculation zone via counter-swirling radial microjets, we were able to reduce the overall sound pressure level in the combustor by over 20 dB in the lean end of the operating range. Other injector configurations were not observed to positively influence \nthe combust or stability. Detailed PIV measurements are used to examine possible mechanisms of how the microjets impact the combustion dynamics, and the technology implications of our experiments are discussed.
Macrophages and dendritic cells : methods and protocols (2009)

In light of the critical contributions of macrophages and dendritic cells to diverse inflammatory diseases and to immunity and host defense, state-of-the-art approaches to the investigation of their behavior are essential. In Macrophages and Dendritic Cells: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers contribute laboratory protocols involving these two vital cell types functioning at the junction of the innate and acquired immune systems. The volume delves first into isolation and cell culturing then continues with topics such as phagocytosis, genetic manipulation, macrophage activation, and lipid signaling. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include brief introductions to their respective subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Macrophages and Dendritic Cells: Methods and Protocols provides a timely and useful guide for both seasoned investigators and neophytes pursuing this imperative field of study
Series resistance of silicided ohmic contacts for nanoelectronics (1992)

The electrical behavior of shallow silicide-to-silicon ohmic contacts has been evaluated for lateral dimensions to 50 nm. Trench-isolated series resistance test structures were fabricated using TiSi/sub 2/ self-aligned contact technology. Resistance measurements have been performed as a function of contact size in the temperature range from 100 to 300 K and analyzed using multidimensional resistor ladder network models. Well-behaved small-volume ohmic contacts have been achieved. Large-area contact characteristics can be maintained to the smallest sizes. Multidimensional current flow has little effect on the measured resistances. Small lateral dimensional variations are responsible for the higher than predicted series resistance for the smallest sizes. The implications on nanoelectronic devices and circuits are quantified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stable and hard hafnium borides: A first-principles study (2019)

We investigate the stability of hafnium borides at zero pressure via the evolutionary crystal structure prediction and first-principles calculations. Our results indicate that the well-known P6/mmm-HfB2 is the only thermodynamically stable phase at zero temperature and pressure, and two more phases (Pnma-HfB and Fm3¯m-HfB12) become thermodynamically stable at higher temperatures. We compute the mechanical properties including bulk, shear and Young’s moduli, Vickers hardness, and fracture toughness for all stable and metastable hafnium borides (∼30 phases) and then study in detail the effect of boron concentration and topology of B-sublattice on their mechanical properties. We show that not only the concentration of boron, but also the topology of the boron sublattice is important for the mechanical properties of hafnium borides. Among the predicted stable and low-energy metastable hafnium borides, the highest possible hardness is exhibited by P6/mmm-HfB2 with graphenelike boron sheets and by phases with 3D boron networks and high B/Hf ratios (e.g., Pnnm-HfB5 and Fm3¯m-HfB12).
Improvements of an inverted trapezoidal pulse antenna (2001)

Summary form only given, as follows. A simple tuning screw can improve the wideband impedance matching of an S/C-band trapezoidal impulse antenna-operating over a 4 GHz frequency range-by lowering the SWR level below 1.5, which is 50% better than competitive designs. Thus, operation at high output power levels, typical in radar applications, becomes feasible. Besides this, it is possible to reduce the weight of the construction to 60% of the original, without affecting the input impedance, by using a hatch-like material for the radiating element and the reflector. Finally, we show that a conventional swept-frequency analysis may have fewer uncertainties for pulse-antenna measurements. An example of a practical conversion from the frequency domain to the pulse response is demonstrated.
Electroluminescence from Polyphenylene-Based Materials (1997)

Abstract Poly(phenylene) and its copolymers are a new family of electroluminescent materials with high thermal stability. Their photoluminescent and physical properties were modified in a controlled fashion by copolymerization of the cyclohexadiene-1,2-diacetate monomer (DAC) with both vinylbiphenyl (VBP) and vinyl-N-carbazole (VCZ). Polyphenylene thin films exhibited green photoluminescence centered around 520 nm. The incorporation of unaromatized comonomers into polyphenylene films blue-shifted wavelengths of maximum photoluminescence centered around 500 nm for the DAC/VBP copolymer (8:2). Similarly, polyphenylene thin films exhibited green electroluminescence centered around 505 nm for a device configuration of Al(-)/polyphenylene/ITO(+). The incorporation of unaromatized comonomers into polyphenylene films blue-shifted wavelengths of maximum electroluminescence centered around 495 nm for a device configuration of Al(-)/DAC-VBP copolymer (8:2)/ITO(+).
Strapping the hemiplegic shoulder prevents development of pain during rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial (2006)

Therapeutic strapping limited development of hemiplegic shoulder pain during rehabilitation in at risk stroke patients. Placebo strapping has an effect, with a larger study (n = 30 per group) needed to detect whether there are differences between therapeutic and placebo strapping.
Ferroelectric switching of a field-effect transistor with a lithium niobate gate insulator (1991)

A field-effect transistor in which the ferroelectric lithium niobate (LiNbO3) replaces the oxide in a conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor has been fabricated. The channel conductance of this device has been shown to be strongly affected by the application of voltage pulses between the gate of the device and the substrate. A reduction of channel current of nearly 140 μA was observed after the application of a voltage pulse of −30 V and partially restored with a+10-V pulse. This behavior was found to be consistent with the influence of the polarization charge of the LiNbO3 layer on the carriers in the channel. This is the first observation of such behavior in a metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field-effect transistor without the growth of a buffer layer between the semiconductor and ferroelectric to prevent charge injection.
A Set of Piezoelectric Biosensors Using Cholinesterases (2009)

Piezoelectric sensors have become a versatile tool in biosensorics to study protein-protein and protein-small molecule interactions. Here we present theoretical background on piezoelectric sensors and instructions, how to modify their surface with various recognition elements for cholinesterases. These recognition elements comprise an organophosphate (paraoxon), a cocaine derivative (BZE-DADOO), and a tricyclic, aromatic compound (propidium). Additionally, a guide to the kinetic evaluation of the obtained binding curves is given in this chapter.
Quantitative Evaluation of Virilizing Activity of Steroids by Measuring Morphological Changes in Uro-genital Region of Rats (1975)

A new technique to measure the uro-genital parameters such as the lengths of urovaginal septum, corpora cavernosa and anogenital distance on the sagittal sections of the pelvic region of female fetus of rat under microscope equipped with a micrometer was developed. In the examination of 180 normal female fetuses on the 21st day of gestation, relationships were observed between the fetal body weight and the length of urovaginal septum as well as anogenital distance, but not on the length of corpora cavernosa. Following maternal subcutaneous administration of various doses of 17alpha-methyltestosterone between the 17th and 20th day of gestation, dose-dependent abridgment in urovaginal septum length and extensions in corpora cavernosa length and anogenital distance were observed in female fetus on the 21st day's examination. When these three parametars were calculated on the relative value to the fetal body weight, however, linear relationships against log-dose were observed in all parameters. Among these three parameters the abridgment in urovaginal septum was shown to be the most sensitive. A quantitative assay of virilizing activity of steroids in female fetuses was examined on rats treated subcutaneously with 17alpha-methyltestosterone and norethandrolone. Linear regressions against the log-doses of both steroids were demonstrated in urovaginal septum length, and parallelism was noted between both regression lines. The relative potency of norethandrolone to 17alpha-methyltestosterone calculated on urovaginal septum length was 0.354 with fiducial limits of 0.293-0.44l, and it was suggested that the virilizing activities of steroids can be evaluated quantitatively.
Separation of multiple images via directional guidance using structured prism and pyramid arrays (2016)

We propose a new concept of separating images through a directional guide of multi-visuals by using structured prism or pyramid arrays. By placing prism arrays onto two different image arrays, the two collective images below the facets are guided to different directions. Using optical calculations, we identify a condition for successful image separation. Transparent pyramid arrays are used to separate four images into four directions. The direction of refracted rays can be controlled by the refractive index of prisms and liquid filled into the voids. In addition, the images can be switched by stretching and releasing an elastomeric prism array.
The dorsal portion of the bovine diaphragm as a useful tissue for producing a 3D muscle scaffold (2023)

Three-dimensional (3D) organoids are an innovative approach to obtain an in vitro model for ex vivo studies to overcome the limitations of monolayer cell culture and reduce the use of animal models. An organoid of skeletal muscle requires the presence of the extracellular matrix to represent a functional muscle in vitro, which is why decellularized tissue is an optimal choice. Various muscles have been considered to produce a muscle organoid, most from rodents or small animals, and only recently some studies have been reported on the muscles of large animals. This work presents a muscular organoid produced from the bovine diaphragm, which has a peculiar multilayered structure with different fibre orientations depending on the considered area. This paper analyses the anatomical structure of the bovine diaphragm, selects the most appropriate portion, and presents a decellularization protocol for a multilayered muscle. In addition, a preliminary test of recellularization with primary bovine myocytes was presented with the future aim of obtaining a 3D muscle allogenic organoid, completely bovine-derived. The results demonstrate that the dorsal portion of bovine diaphragm presents a regular alternation of muscular and fibrous layers and that the complete decellularization does not affect the biocompatibility. These results provide a strong foundation for the potential application of this portion of tissue as a scaffold for in vitro studies of muscle organoids.
Ecogenomic approach to the role of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles in community ecology (2006)

Summary Linking new developments in genomics with ecology provides interesting novel tools to address ecological questions in ways that have not been possible up to now. In this paper we address this issue for the ecology of infochemicals and plant–insect interactions in a food web context. Plants are at the basis of most terrestrial food webs and insects are a dominant animal group interacting with plants. Insect–plant communities are characterized by direct and indirect interactions, many of which are mediated by infochemicals. Plants respond to insect herbivory with the production of volatiles that attract the enemies of the herbivores, such as insect predators and parasitoids. Moreover, the plant volatiles may be exploited by any organism in the environment and this results in many more infochemically mediated interactions. Thus, a food web is overlaid with an infochemical web. In the past, several manipulative tools have been developed to investigate the role of infochemicals. The rapid advancement of molecular genetics and ‘‐omics’ technologies results in interesting new tools. A recent development is the use of well‐characterized genotypes that are modified in the mechanisms underlying the induced plant volatiles. These genotypes produce precisely manipulated phenotypes that often differ in only a single gene, and can be used to investigate the effect of particular genes on specific interactions. Moreover, these genotypes can be introduced into a natural community to assess the effects of the genetic change and its resulting phenotypic change on interactions with the entire natural community. Furthermore, with the progress in microarray technology it becomes possible to assess the expressed genotype of plants in the field, which can be exploited to investigate expressed genetic variation under field conditions. These developments are expected to be only the beginning of a successful integration of ‐omics technologies, such as transcriptomics and metabolomics, with community ecology into the new research field of ecogenomics. In this review we present the current status and discuss the prospects for the future of an ecogenomic approach to the role of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles in insect–plant community ecology.
Prevalence and impact of obesity in people with haemophilia: Review of literature and expert discussion around implementing weight management guidelines (2017)

Obesity affects more than 35% of Americans, increasing the risk of more than 200 comorbid conditions, impaired quality of life and premature mortality. This review aimed to summarize literature published over the past 15 years regarding the prevalence and impact of obesity in people with haemophilia (PWH) and to discuss implementing general guidelines for weight management in the context of the haemophilia comprehensive care team. Although few studies have assessed the effects of obesity on haemophilia-specific outcomes, existing evidence indicates an important impact of weight status on lower extremity joint range of motion and functional disability, with potentially important effects on overall quality of life. Data regarding bleeding tendency in PWH with coexisting obesity are largely inconclusive; however, some individuals may experience reduced joint bleeds following moderate weight loss. Additionally, conventional weight-based dosing of factor replacement therapy leads to increased treatment costs for PWH with obesity or overweight, suggesting pharmacoeconomic benefits of weight loss. Evidence-based recommendations for weight loss include behavioural strategies to reduce caloric intake and increase physical activity, pharmacotherapy and surgical therapy in appropriate patients. Unique considerations in PWH include bleed-related risks with physical activity; thus, healthcare professionals should advise patients on types and intensities of, and approaches to, physical activity, how to adjust treatment to accommodate exercise and how to manage potential activity-related bleeding. Increasing awareness of these issues may improve identification of PWH with coexisting obesity and referral to appropriate specialists, with potentially wide-ranging benefits in overall health and well-being.