gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vision based ground target tracking for rotor UAV (2013)

This paper studies an efficient ground target tracking algorithm for rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to overcome the contradiction among the target tracking rapidity, precision and robustness for aerial vehicle. Firstly, Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm, which has a better robust performance during rotation, scaling and changes of illumination, is utilized to extract and match the feature points in order to realize target recognition and positioning. Secondly, using top-down tracking method, Kalman filter is combined to estimate the target position in the next frame and search target in the predicted area, it can avoid blind matching, improve tracking rapidity and reduce the ratio of losing target. Finally, an experimental platform of rotor UAV visual tracking is set up and the ground target tracking algorithm is tested. The experiment results show that the algorithm can achieve ground target tracking effectively and has good real-time performance and robustness.
Atom‐Economical Applications of Diaryliodonium Salts (2018)

Diaryliodonium salt, as a stable and easily prepared reagent, has become one of the most efficient arylation reagents in organic synthesis. In traditional methods, this reagent is generally applied as a single arylation source and the regenerated aryl iodide is a waste of resources. In the past five years, transition-metal-catalyzed utilization of both aryl groups in diaryliodonium salts has been well demonstrated. The purpose of the present review is to focus on various atom-economical applications of diaryliodonium salt methodologies that have been reported recently for the synthesis of functionalized molecules. The presentation is organized according to the structures of the diaryliodonium salts and the reaction components.
Clinical treatment of corneal infection due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi: case report (2005)

A 18-year-old male presented with a corneal ulcer in the right eye, 28 days after a trauma with glass fragments. Corneal scrapings were collected for smears and culture. Dematiaceous hyphae were seen on wet mounts of the scrapings and dark pigmented colonies grew repetitively on the culture media; all colonies were identical, and were subsequently identified as Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Treatment was initiated with topical natamycin at one hour intervals, 200 mg oral ketoconazole per day and later changed to a combination of 200 mg ketoconazole and amphotericin B. In humid tropical regions Fonsecaea pedrosoi is one of the primary causes of human chronic cutaneous mycosis, chromoblastomycosis. Combination of systemic and topical antifungal medications may provide the best option for cure in corneal chromoblastomycosis.
Chemical mechanical polishing: Theory and experiment (2013)

Abstract For several decades, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has been the most widely used planarization method in integrated circuits manufacturing. The final polishing results are affected by many factors related to the carrier structure, the polishing pad, the slurry, and the process parameters. As both chemical and mechanical actions affect the effectiveness of CMP, and these actions are themselves affected by many factors, the CMP mechanism is complex and has been a hot research area for many years. This review provides a basic description of the development, challenges, and key technologies associated with CMP. We summarize theoretical CMP models from the perspectives of kinematics, empirical, its mechanism (from the viewpoint of the atomic scale, particle scale, and wafer scale), and its chemical-mechanical synergy. Experimental approaches to the CMP mechanism of material removal and planarization are further discussed from the viewpoint of the particle wear effect, chemical-mechanical synergy, and wafer-pad interfacial interaction.
PIII-29Genotype frequencies for ten polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system between healthy and heart failure patients in the French-Canadian population (2006)

BACKGROUND/AIMS Certain studies suggest a difference in genetic polymorphism frequencies between healthy and heart failure (HF) patients. The aim of this study was to verify if such a difference exists in ten polymorphisms of RAAS in our population. METHODS This is a case-control study performed on 200 healthy volunteers and 58 HF patients. The healthy control group consisted of males aged between 18 and 25 years. The HF group were between 50 and 65 years old, in NYHA class II-IV HF and were recruited in a tertiary care hospital. Both groups were from French-Canadian origin. The analysed polymorphisms were: ACE I/D, ATR1 A1166C, AGT M235T, AGT T174M, eNOS T-786C, eNOS G298A, Beta-2 adrenergic receptor Q27E, Bradykinin β2R +9/−9, CYP11B2 T-344C and α-adducin G460W. The Gen Elute Blood Genomic DNA kit (Sigma PC# NA2020) was used to extract DNA. The polymorphisms were then analysed by the standard PCR/enzymatic digestion/electrophoresis method. RESULTS All the polymorphisms tested were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, except for ATR1 in our HF group. We obtained a statistically significant difference in the genotype frequency of the AGT235 gene, where the study group contained more T/T (mutant allele) and less M/M homozygotes. The difference in genotype frequency reached borderline significance with respect to the AGT174 and the bradykinin β2R polymorphisms. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates than the AGT235 polymorphism may be associated with HF in a French-Canadian population. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 79, P66–P66; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.12.237
[RuO(dppz)(tpy)]2+ : a DNA Cleavage Agent with High DNA Affinity (1992)

A RuIVO functional unit and an intercalating heteroligand, dipyridophenazine (dppz), are united in the complex cation of the title, 1, and responsible for its high DNA-cleavage activity and DNA affinity. In the solid state, the units of the RuOH2 analogue of 1 (C1O counterion) are linked by π-stacking interactions similar to those in acridine orange and other conventional intercalators; the distance between the dppz ligands is 3.5 Å. tpy = 2,2′,2″-terpyridine.
Determination of argon in air and water (2002)

A new gas chromatographic method for argon determination in water and air is presented. NiO catalyst was used for complete removal of oxygen from the samples. NiO catalyst operating at 150°C and a 3 m column filled with the molecular sieve 5A allow to perform the analysis at room temperature. The detection limit for argon was estimated as 2 × 10 - 6 g for a TCD detector supplied with hydrogen as a carrier gas. The analysis of argon in water was performed by means of the head space method. The developed method gives the argon peak about three times higher than the CTR-III column type offered by the Alltech Company.
Cover Feature: Ultrasensitive, Sustainable, and Selective Electrochemical Hydrazine Detection by ALD‐Developed Two‐Dimensional WO3 (ChemElectroChem 2/2018) (2017)

The Cover Feature illustrates a monolayer WO3 film with a thickness of approximately 0.7 nm, which was developed by using an atomic layer deposition technique for ultra-sensitive electrochemical hydrazine detection at extremely low concentrations. More information can be found in the Article by S. Zhuiykov and co-workers on page 253 in Issue 2, 2018.
Image segmentation for human tracking using sequential-image-based hierarchical adaptation (2002)

We propose a novel method of extracting a moving object region from each frame in a series of images regardless of complex, changing background using statistical knowledge about the target. In vision systems for 'real worlds' like a human motion tracer, a priori knowledge about the target and environment is often limited (e.g., only the approximate size of the target is known) and is insufficient for extracting the target motion directly. In our approach, information about both target object and environment is extracted with a small amount of given knowledge about the target object. Pixel value (color, intensity, etc.) distributions for both the target object and background region are adaptively estimated from the input image sequence based on the knowledge. Then, the probability of each pixel being associated with the target object is calculated. The target motion can be extracted from the calculated stochastic image. We confirmed the stability of this approach through experiments.
Precise Use of Medical Terminology (2006)

Critical Care Medicine: June 2006 - Volume 34 - Issue 6 - p 1854-1855 doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000216685.43370.AD
Identification of the gene for an Escherichia coli poly(A) polymerase. (1992)

Many bacterial mRNAs, like those of eukaryotes, carry a polyadenylate sequence at their 3' termini, but neither the function of the bacterial poly(A) moieties nor their biosynthesis have been elucidated. To develop a genetic tool to approach the problem of bacterial poly(A) RNA, we have sought to identify the genes responsible for mRNA polyadenylylation. A poly(A) polymerase was purified to homogeneity from extracts of Escherichia coli and subjected to N-terminal sequence analysis. The 25-residue amino acid sequence obtained was used to design primers for the amplification of the corresponding coding region by the PCR from an E. coli DNA template. A 74-base-pair DNA segment was obtained that matched a region in the pcnB locus of E. coli, a gene that had originally been identified as controlling plasmid copy number [J. Lopilato, S. Bortner & J. Beckwith (1986) Mol. Gen. Genet. 205, 285-290] and was subsequently cloned and sequenced [J. Liu & J. S. Parkinson (1989) J. Bacteriol. 171, 1254-1261]. Direct evidence that the pcnB locus encodes poly(A) polymerase was provided by the observation that a bacterial strain transformed with an inducible expression vector carrying pcnB as a translational fusion produced 100-fold elevated levels of poly(A) polymerase upon induction. No increased poly(A) polymerase activity was observed in cells transformed with expression vectors carrying truncated forms of the pcnB gene. The identification of a gene encoding bacterial poly(A) polymerase opens the way for the study of the biosynthesis and function of bacterial polyadenylylated mRNA.
Ash Management Review—Applications of Biomass Bottom Ash (2012)

In industrialized countries, it is expected that the future generation of bioenergy will be from the direct combustion of residues and wastes obtained from biomass. Bioenergy production using woody biomass is a fast developing application since this fuel source is considered to be carbon neutral. The harnessing of bioenergy from these sources produces residue in the form of ash. As the demand for bioenergy production increases, ash and residue volumes will increase. Major challenges will arise relating to the efficient management of these byproducts. The primary concerns for ash are its storage, disposal, use and the presence of unburned carbon. The continual increase in ash volume will result in decreased ash storage facilities (in cases of limited room for landfill expansion), as well as increased handling, transporting and spreading costs. The utilization of ash has been the focus of many studies, hence this review investigates the likely environmental and technological challenges that increased ash generation may cause. The presence of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, chlorine, sulphur and silicon influences the reactivity and leaching to the inorganic phases which may have significant impacts on soils and the recycling of soil nutrient. Discussed are some of the existing technologies for the processing of ash. Unburned carbon present in ash allows for the exploration of using ash as a fuel. The paper proposes sieve fractionation as a suitable method for the separation of unburnt carbon present in bottom ash obtained from a fixed-bed combustion system, followed by the application of the gasification technology to particle sizes of energy importance. It is hoped that this process will significantly reduce the volume of ash disposed at landfills.
Bright Fluorescence from Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2011)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have unique photophysical properties but low fluorescence efficiency. We have found significant increases in the fluorescence efficiency of individual DNA-wrapped SWNTs upon addition of reducing agents, including dithiothreitol, Trolox, and β-mercaptoethanol. Brightening was reversible upon removal of the reducing molecules, suggesting that a transient reduction of defect sites on the SWNT sidewall causes the effect. These results imply that SWNTs are intrinsically bright emitters and that their poor emission arises from defective nanotubes.
Novel Use of a Disposable Curved Stent Insertion Plastic Device for Silicone Stent Placement in Patients With Limited Neck Extension (2009)

As granulation tissue formation frequently complicates the insertion of metallic tracheobronchial stents in patients with longer life expectancy, the inert silicone tracheobronchial stent remains the treatment of choice for inoperable benign tracheal stenosis. Similarly, the Y silicone stent insertion also plays an important role for refractory malignant stenoses involving the carina and tracheobronchial junction. The classic insertion method of a straight or Y silicone stent requires rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia with a hyperextended neck. This is not an option for patients with limited neck extension. We report a novel method of silicone stent insertion using a disposable curved stent insertion plastic device to solve the problem in 2 patients. The new device may have a role in managing patients with central airway obstruction but limited neck extension. As a valuable alternative to conventional rigid bronchoscope, it also adds to the ease of the silicone stent placement.
Ellipsometric measurement of the optical properties and electrical conductivity of indium tin oxide thin films (1994)

Films of indium tin oxide (ITO) are ubiquitous in display applications as they combine optical transparency and good electrical conductivity. Thin ITO films are often difficult to characterize optically as they are often inhomogeneous and have complicated optical absorption spectra. In this work, we have used variable angle of incidence spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) to gauge the thickness, grading, and surface roughness of ITO films ranging from a few tens of nm to hundreds of nm thick on glass substrates. A two Lorentz oscillator model is used, with one oscillator representing the interband absorption in the UV end of the spectrum, and the second oscillator modeling the Drude-like free carrier absorption in the infrared. The Drude parameters obtained from the analysis of the films can be used to estimate the electrical (D.C.) conductivity of the film from the simple Drude model for free carriers. We present results for several films from 7 to 40 nm thick, and compare the nominal electrical resistivity of these films to the resistivity derived from the VASE measurements.
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF INTERPHOTORECEPTOR RETINOID‐BINDING PROTEIN* (1991)

It has been hypothesized that interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) functions as a two-way carrier of retinoid between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and rod photoreceptors in the vertebrate eye. This hypothesis has been tested in recent studies that have employed purified, initially ligand-free, bovine IRBP and the "RPE-eyecup" obtained from the toad (Bufo marinus) eye. The present experiments further characterize the IRBP/RPE-eyecup system with respect to (i) the solubilization and protection of retinol by IRBP, and (ii) the time course of IRBP-mediated release of 11-cis retinal by the RPE. The data, together with previous findings in the IRBP/RPE-eyecup preparation, support the view that 11-cis retinal is the principal retinoid released by the RPE into IRBP-supplemented aqueous medium, and that IRBP in vivo promotes the regeneration of rhodopsin by facilitating the exchange of retinoid between bleached rods and the RPE.
ChemInform Abstract: A Shortcut to the Smaller Fragment of Pamamycin‐607. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of a Cas12a-based gene-drive system in budding yeast (2021)

The discovery and adaptation of CRISPR/Cas systems within molecular biology has provided advances across biological research, agriculture and human health. Genomic manipulation through use of a CRISPR nuclease and programmed guide RNAs has become a common and widely accessible practice. The identification and introduction of new engineered variants and orthologues of Cas9 as well as alternative CRISPR systems such as the type V group have provided additional molecular options for editing. These include distinct PAM requirements, staggered DNA double-strand break formation, and the ability to multiplex guide RNAs from a single expression construct. Use of CRISPR/Cas has allowed for the construction and testing of a powerful genetic architecture known as a gene drive within eukaryotic model systems. Our previous work developed a drive within budding yeast using <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> Cas9. Here, we installed the type V <i>Francisella novicida</i> Cas12a (Cpf1) nuclease gene and its corresponding guide RNA to power a highly efficient artificial gene drive in diploid yeast. We examined the consequence of altering guide length or introduction of individual mutational substitutions to the crRNA sequence. Cas12a-dependent gene-drive function required a guide RNA of at least 18 bp and could not tolerate most changes within the 5' end of the crRNA.
How to increase security in mobile networks by anomaly detection (2002)

The increasing complexity of cellular radio networks yields new demands concerning network security. Especially the task of detecting, repulsing and preventing abuse both by in- and outsiders becomes more and more difficult. This paper deals with a relatively new technique that appears to be suitable for solving these issues, i.e. anomaly detection based on profiling mobile users. Mobility pattern generation and behavior prediction are discussed in depth, before a new model of anomaly detection that is based on the Bayes decision rule is introduced. Applying this model to mobile user profiles proves the feasibility of our approach. Finally, a special emphasis is put on discussing privacy aspects of anomaly detection.
Fast and accurate mean-shift vector based wavelength extraction for chromatic confocal microscopy (2019)

Abstract Fast and accurate peak wavelength extraction of chromatic confocal signals is of vital importance for efficient chromatic confocal measurement. Existing peak extraction algorithms do not effectively balance calculation efficiency and extraction accuracy. For example, centroid algorithms have high computational efficiency but low accuracy; model-based fitting algorithms have high extraction accuracy but low calculation efficiency. In this paper, a fast and accurate mean-shift vector based peak wavelength extraction algorithm is proposed. In this algorithm, the initial peak wavelength is preset with a centroid algorithm; then the corresponding mean-shift vector is calculated, after which, a new peak wavelength can be calculated by shifting the peak wavelength along the mean-shift vector. This process is then iteratively carried out until a preset ending condition is met. Our experimental results show that the mean-shift vector based peak extraction algorithm has an accuracy equal to that achieved with Gaussian fitting while the efficiency improves by over 70 times.
Movilidad y permanencia ticuna en la frontera amazónica colonial del siglo XVIII (1998)

Mobilité et permanence ticuna dans la zone frontalière de l'Amazonie au XVIIIe siècle Les Ticuna sont sans doute le groupe qui a le mieux réussi à se maintenir dans un même territoire, le cours moyen de l'Amazone, depuis près de deux mille ans. Au XVIIIe siècle, cette ethnie a résisté aux offensives missionnaires, militaires et commerciales dans ces confins incertains entre empire espagnol et empire portuguais. Ils y sont parvenus grâce à un ensemble de stratégies d'adaptation et de mobililité spatiale à l'intérieur des milieux naturels du secteur (varzea et tierra firme), grâce aussi à tout un jeu de relations aussi bien avec les ethnies voisines qu'avec les occupants européens, oscillant entre collaboration et résistance. Cette permanence au XVIIIe et leur expansion postérieure font qu'aujourd'hui ils constituent un des groupes les plus stables de la région, démographiquement comme culturellement, et qu'ils parviennent.même à conserver et consolider un territoire partagé entre trois États modernes.
Do Bots impact Twitter activity? (2017)

The WWW has seen massive growth in population of automated programs (bots) for a variety of exploits on online social networks (OSNs). In this paper we extend on our previous work to study the affects of bots on Twitter. By setting up a bot account on Twitter and conducting analysis on a click logs dataset from our web server, we show that despite bots being in smaller numbers, they exercise a profound impact on content popularity and activity on Twitter.
Single Site Catalysis of the F1-ATPase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the Effect of Inorganic Phosphate on It1 (1987)

The kinetical characteristics of ATP hydrolysis by mitochondrial F1-ATPase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) have been studied under conditions where only a single catalytic site per enzyme molecule bound ATP. Four major features were observed, that is, fast ATP binding to the enzyme, slow product release from the enzyme, an equilibrium close to unity between ATP and products on the enzyme, and promotion of ATP hydrolysis on the second addition of a large excess of ATP (cold chase). These are essentially the same as the kinetical characteristics observed for beef heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase, which were called as unisite catalysis by Grubmeyer et al. (Grubmeyer, C. et al. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12092-12100), although the release of a hydrolysis product, Pi, from the yeast enzyme appeared to occur significantly faster than that from the beef enzyme, which resulted in a decreased extent of cold chase promotion of ATP hydrolysis of the yeast enzyme. The yeast F1-ATPase showed unisite catalysis even in the absence of Pi in the reaction mixtures, while it was reported for the beef F1-ATPase that the presence of Pi in the reaction mixture was essential for unisite catalysis (Penefsky, H.S. & Grubmeyer, C. (1984) in H+-ATPase (ATP Synthase) (Papa, S. et al., eds.) pp. 195-204, The ICSU Press). Another difference in the Pi effect on the kinetics was that ATP hydrolysis was initiated without a lag time in the absence of Pi in the case of the yeast enzyme when a 1,000-fold molar excess of ATP per enzyme molecular was mixed with the enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Photochemistry of Metal—Metal—Bonded Transition Element Complexes (1981)

Transition metal complexes that have direct metal-metal bonds have been the objects of intense interest from the point of view of geometric and electronic structure, synthesis and catalysis (1, 2, 3, 4). Low-lying electronic excited states of metal-metal bonded complexes often involve significant changes in the electron density associated with the metal-metal bond, compared to the ground electronic state. Accordingly, study of the photochemistry of metal-metal bonded complexes not only provides potential new reaction chemistry but also provides insight into, and confirmation of, the electronic structure. This symposium volume affords us an opportunity to record the state of the field of metal-metal bond photochemistry. The aim of this article is to summarize recent research results from this laboratory and to place them in perspective in relation to results from other laboratories. Complexes studied in this laboratory have included lowvalent, organometallic clusters having two, three, or four metals. A priori the