gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling Polypharmacological Profiles by Affinity Fingerprinting (2016)

Single target based approaches often proved to be unsuccessful in complex multigenic diseases such as cancer or schizophrenia. Multi-target drugs can be more efficacious in this regard by modulating multiple processes in the organism. According to the theory of polypharmacology, bioactive molecules possess characteristic interaction patterns that are responsible for their effects and side-effects and getting acquainted with this typical profile is increasingly desired to promote pharmaceutical research and development. There is a novel way of approaching polypharmacology that takes into account the interaction of molecules to a set of proteins that are not necessarily known biological targets of the compounds. Applying a carefully selected panel of proteins that can model the possible interactions a molecule can exert when administered to a human body, holds out a promise of biological activity prediction. This review aims to summarize a number of such bioactivity profiling-based approaches set up recently and present their application areas within the drug discovery field.
Investigation of the eye formation in semi-hard cheese by using X-ray Computed Tomography (2020)

The eye formation in semi-hard cheese was investigated by using X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT). In order to set the optimal scan settings, a study of parameters was undertaken. Therefore, five different scan parameter combinations and two beam hardening correction (BHC) methods were tested. An Iterative Artifact Reduction (IAR) was compared to a correction approach that is based on a collection of predefined BHC curves. VG Studio MAX and Modular Algorithms for Volume Images (MAVI) were used to determine the overall volume of the eyes, as well as the number, size, distribution and the shape factor. As a result, the cheese sample contained 749 eyes and the overall volume of the eyes was 440.84 cm3. The sphericity of the measured eyes was 0.81 with a standard deviation of 0.178. Therefore, XCT and different imaging software tools allow an exact characterization of the inner structures of cheese.
Magnetoelectricity in piezoelectric-magnetostrictive composites (1976)

Abstract In a composite material consisting of a piezoelectric and a piezomagnetic phase which are mechanically coherent, electric and magnetic fields are converted into each other by a two-step process involving mechanical deformation as the intermediate step. We have developed such a material on the basis of a Co ferrite-Ba titanate eutectic which is unidirectionally solidified so as to obtain an aligned two-phase structure. The maximum value of the magneto-electric effect obtained at present is 0.13 V/cm Oe at room temperature. The dimensionless quantity 4π(dP/dH) is 0.2 or a factor of 200 higher than the best single-crystal material known at room temperature (Cr2O3).
Fresnel zone plate point spread function approximation for zeroth order mitigation in millimetric field of view x-ray imaging (2022)

High spatial and temporal resolution x-ray radiography images are required at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) for high-energy density experiments. One technique that is in development to achieve the required resolution uses Fresnel zone plate (FZP) optics to image an object that is backlit by an x-ray source. The multiple FZP diffraction orders do not focus on the same plane, which increases the background and reduces the contrast. Understanding the point spread function of the different diffraction orders will allow the prediction of the expected background using simulations. We find that the two-dimensional point spread function of the FZP can be approximated by the addition of a sharp Gaussian with a disk. This allowed for the estimation of the background in NIF experimental images of Rayleigh-Taylor spikes and their interpretation. An alternative design of FZP is discussed to allow the inclusion of a zeroth order blocker to reduce the background.
Trafficking of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid Receptor (AMPA) Receptor Subunit GluA2 from the Endoplasmic Reticulum Is Stimulated by a Complex Containing Ca2+/Calmodulin-activated Kinase II (CaMKII) and PICK1 Protein and by Release of Ca2+ from Internal Stores (2014)

The GluA2 subunit of the AMPA receptor (AMPAR) dominantly blocks AMPAR Ca(2+) permeability, and its trafficking to the synapse regulates AMPAR-dependent synapse Ca(2+) permeability. Here we show that GluA2 trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane of cultured hippocampal neurons requires Ca(2+) release from internal stores, the activity of Ca(2+)/calmodulin activated kinase II (CaMKII), and GluA2 interaction with the PDZ protein, PICK1. We show that upon Ca(2+) release from the ER via the IP3 and ryanodine receptors, CaMKII that is activated enters a complex that contains PICK1, dependent upon the PICK1 BAR (Bin-amphiphysin-Rvs) domain, and that interacts with the GluA2 C-terminal domain and stimulates GluA2 ER exit and surface trafficking. This study reveals a novel mechanism of regulation of trafficking of GluA2-containing receptors to the surface under the control of intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics and CaMKII activity.
The release of serotonin from rat duodenal enterochromaffin cells by adrenoceptor agonists studied in vitro (1978)

Abstract The serotonin (5‐HT) content of enterochromaffin cells (EC) was studied by a cytofluorimetric method in biopsies from rat duodenal mucosa after in vitro incubation with different adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists and acetylcholine (ACh). Noradrenaline (NA), Adrenaline (A) and Isoprenaline (IP) caused a decrease of 5‐HT in EC down to 40–60% and for NA and A this effect was concentration‐dependent. The effect was antagonized by d,1‐propranolol but not by d‐propranolol, metoprolol, phentolamine or phenoxy‐benzamine indicating that the 5‐HT release from EC is probably mediated via a true β‐adrenoceptor mechanism possibly of the β 2 type. ACh also decreased the 5‐HT content of EC but was much less potent than the adrenergic substances. Dopamine (DA) had no effect.
Identification of basic amino acid residues in thrombin essential for heparin-catalyzed inactivation by antithrombin III. (1994)

The therapeutically important anticoagulant heparin catalyzes inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin III via formation of an intermediary ternary thrombin-heparin-antithrombin III complex that is subsequently converted to a stable thrombin-antithrombin III complex with the release of heparin. Point mutations at Arg-180, Arg-245, Lys-248, and Lys-252 in thrombin markedly reduced the efficiency of heparin catalysis by decreasing the stability of the ternary intermediate, whereas the inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin alone was not affected by these mutations. These results together with an analysis of the x-ray crystal structure of thrombin yielded a model for the thrombin-heparin interaction, wherein heparin forms salt linkages along a groove in thrombin defined by Lys-252, Lys-248, Arg-245, Arg-89, Arg-98, and Arg-180.
Du nouveau sur les « classes dangereuses » à Paris ? (2007)

Le titre donné à cette chronique ne vise pas autre chose qu’à replacer cet ouvrage dans un contexte polémique extrêmement important relatif à la question de la connaissance historique de l’existence de la classe ouvrière ou des classes populaires. En évoquant les « classes dangereuses », nous voulons rappeler la publication en 1958 de l’ouvrage de Louis Chevalier, Classes laborieuses et classes dangereuses à Paris pendant la première moitié du XIX° siècle (Paris, Puf ...
Nephron-sparing surgery for tumors in a solitary kidney (2014)

Established and emerging NSS techniques along with our better understating of the factors affecting function after surgery have fostered improvement of delivery of care in the setting of renal tumor(s) in a solitary kidney. Future developments should focus on minimizing the invasiveness of treatments while further improving cancer control and functional preservation.
PM motors for hybrid electric vehicles (2008)

The global warming has become a very important issue during the last decade. The worldwide research is oriented to obtain efficiency improvements on energy consuming and sustainable energy sources utilization. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are able to achieve this goal. In addition the utilization of high efficiency electric machines, using high energy permanent magnet, allows an increased reduction of fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions. This paper deals about various topologies of the permanent magnet machines and some commercial vehicles adopting these motors are described.
<title>Optical coherence tomography of scattering media using frequency-modulated continuous-wave techniques with tunable near-infrared laser</title> (1997)

A new near-infrared coherent imaging technique that can reveal scattering bodies embedded in highly scattering media is presented. Its underlying principle is extended from frequency modulated continuous wave radar systems. This technique has advantages over low coherence tomography as it does not require the reference mirror to be scanned. The tunable laser is characterized and the system's performance is demonstrated on images recorded from solid scattering phantoms. Furthermore a combination of our chirp-tomography (C-OCT) and laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) is demonstrated. The influence of moving scatterers on the tomographic images are discussed.
Protein Solubility as Quality Index for Processed Soybean (2010)

Protein quality of soybean meal (SBM) is linked to both the reduction of antinutritional factors (ANFs), and the optimization of protein digestibility. Both insufficient- and over-heating result in poor quality SBM. Inadequate heating fails to completely destroy the ANFs, which may have a detrimental impact on animal performance, while excessive heating reduces the availability of lysine via the Maillard reaction and possibly, to a lesser extent, of other amino acids. The objective of our study was to compare some biochemical laboratory procedures for assessing quality of SBM: urease index (UI), protein dispersibility index (PDI), KOH protein solubility (PS), and nitrogen solubility index (NSI). The experimental data reveal that UI is not useful to determine excessive heat treatment since additional heating has no effect on the urease index. KOH protein solubility remains high, during initial heat treatment. In marked contrast, the PDI and NSI decreased incrementally from 78% to 20% and from 97% to 60%, respectively, when heating 0 to 30 minutes. Combing the PDI test with the urease test could be useful to monitor soybean quality. SBM containing low UI (0.3 or below) and high PDI (40 to 45%) may indicate that the sample is definitely high quality because it has been adequately heat processed, but not overprocessed.
Damage Equivalence of Heavy Ions in Silicon Bipolar Junction Transistors. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Selective formation of spiroborate-based double-stranded hetero-helicates assisted by donor–acceptor interactions (2021)

A novel spiroborate-based double-stranded <italic>hetero</italic>-helicate is selectively formed through donor–acceptor interactions between the central electron-rich porphyrin and electron-deficient naphthalene diimide units.
<title>Physical and psychophysical evaluation of a flat CRT monitor</title> (2001)

The goal of the study was to compare physical and psychophysical performance of a flat surface CRT monitor vs a traditional curved surface CRT monitor. Radiographs based on familiar projection techniques are planar images and are traditionally displayed by placing the film on a flat surface viewbox. Presenting them in digital form on a CRT with a curved surface may cause distortions, which might affect diagnoses, especially if the physical dimensions of the anatomy are important. Other problems with a curved surface occur due to reflections from ambient lights behind the observer. Two DataRay CRT monitors that had different types of front glass-panel surfaces were evaluated. The first was a traditional CRT monitor with a curved surface, the other was a CRT with a flat surface. Physical measurements included dynamic range, display function, veiling glare and spatial uniformity. The performance study used low contrast squarewave patterns to determine JNDs. Room lights were off in one condition and on in the other. For both studies, performance with the curved CRT was affected by ambient light - performance was better with lights off for the curved panel, but not very different for the flat panel with or without the lights on.
Data from Anti-EGFR Targeted Monoclonal Antibody Isotype Influences Antitumor Cellular Immunity in Head and Neck Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; EGF receptor (EGFR) is highly overexpressed on several cancers and two targeted anti-EGFR antibodies which differ by isotype are FDA-approved for clinical use. Cetuximab (IgG1 isotype) inhibits downstream signaling of EGFR and activates antitumor, cellular immune mechanisms. As panitumumab (IgG2 isotype) may inhibit downstream EGFR signaling similar to cetuximab, it might also induce adaptive immunity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We measured &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; activation of cellular components of the innate and adaptive immune systems. We also studied the &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; activation of components of the adaptive immune system in patient specimens from two recent clinical trials using cetuximab or panitumumab.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Both monoclonal antibodies (mAb) primarily activate natural killer (NK) cells, although cetuximab is significantly more potent than panitumumab. Cetuximab-activated neutrophils mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) tumor cells, and interestingly, this effect was FcγRIIa- and FcγRIIIa genotype–dependent. Panitumumab may activate monocytes through CD32 (FcγRIIa); however, monocytes activated by either mAb are not able to mediate ADCC. Cetuximab enhanced dendritic cell (DC) maturation to a greater extent than panitumumab, which was associated with improved tumor antigen cross-presentation by cetuximab compared with panitumumab. This correlated with increased EGFR-specific cytotoxic CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells in patients treated with cetuximab compared with those treated with panitumumab.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Although panitumumab effectively inhibits EGFR signaling to a similar extent as cetuximab, it is less effective at triggering antitumor, cellular immune mechanisms which may be crucial for effective therapy of HNSCC. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5229–37. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Built Infrastructure Renewal and Climate Change Mitigation Can Both Find Solutions in CO2 (2021)

From technology to policy, the US is thinking about construction differently. The federal government is motivated to address the aging infrastructure across the country, and policy proposals are surfacing that seek green methods of performing this construction. This paper reviews the current status of concrete technology and policy to provide insight into the current state of the art. The scale of CO 2 emissions from concrete production and use is elucidated. Current embodied emissions reduction methods show that action can be taken today in small and large projects alike. Additionally, developing concrete technologies offers pathways to reuse and rely on concrete for longer service lifetimes and reduce their lifetime embodied emissions. These concrete technologies must be implemented, and public procurement proves a unique tool to develop a nationwide demand signal for low embodied carbon building materials. Local governments closely interact with concrete producers, state governments oversee large infrastructure projects, and the federal government invests massively in construction. All three levels of government must coordinate for the effective rollout of low embodied carbon construction practices. Disparate policy approaches show successes and pitfalls to developing an effective construction policy that is aligned with climate. Importantly, approaches to addressing the twin challenge of climate change and crumbling infrastructure must consider the whole lifetime of the concrete. Throughout this paper, we examine the sector to highlight current practices and provide a vision for effective implementation.
Fluoride-Catalyzed Reduction of Palladium(II) to Palladium(0)−Phosphine Complexes (1998)

We demonstrate that in the presence of water and excess PPh3, fluoride ion catalyzes the reduction of (Ph3P)2PdCl2 under mild conditions to Pd(PPh3)4 in good yields. The inactivation of catalytic F- by formation of highly stable HF2-, and other polyhydrogen fluorides that can form in the reaction, is prevented by adding a strong nonionic base such as P(MeNCH2CH2)3N.
Data compression using wavelet transforms and vector quantization (2002)

In this paper a general purpose compression coding algorithm is described, applicable to both sound and image data.Using recent developments in Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT) and Vector Quantization (VQ) the algorithm is compared to Direct Vector Quantization (DVQT) methods.Test results show a 19% to 84% improvement in SNR over DVQT for speech data and a 17% to 50% improvement in SNR €or image data.
An Echo Canceller with Reduced Arithmetic Precision (1984)

It is well known that implementation of adaptive digital filters for echo cancellation in full-duplex transmission over telephone lines requires a large number of bits for the tap representation. This is due to the large dynamic ranges of the echo and far-end signal. In this paper, we introduce a new echo canceller: the "controlled gain echo canceller" (CGEC) which uses an adaptive gain control at the output of the classical echo canceller (CEC). A feedback loop permits approximate regulation of the front-edge CEC output power at a nominal level, independently of the echo and far-end signal levels. By this means, the precision required for adaptation is reduced to a minimum value. The analysis of adaptation, convergence, residual echo power, and computational complexity is given for the CGEC and compared to the similar quantities in a CEC; computer simulation results are presented. As an example, a 64 taps CGEC with only 16 bits instead of 20 can achieve secure binary data transmission (with bit error rate less than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10 ^{-6}</tex> ) for a far-end signal-to-noise ratio of 16 dB and for an echo to far-end signal ratio of 20 dB, independently of the echo and far-end signal powers.
Verification, Validation, and Test with Model-Based Design (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Model-Based Design with automatic code generation has long been employed for rapid prototyping and is increasing being used for mass production deployment. With the focus on production usage, comes the need to implement a comprehensive V&amp;amp;V strategy involving models and resulting code.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A main principal of Model-Based Design is that generated code should behave like the simulation model. It should also be possible to verify that the model or design was fully implemented in the code. As a result, the transformation of models into generated code must be done in a way that facilitates traceability between the model and code. Also automated tests should be performed to determine that the code executes properly in its final software and hardware environments.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For example in a typical commercial vehicle application, the control algorithm and plant model are simulated together in a system simulation environment. Once the system model satisfies the requirements, the control model is checked to ensure that it has been fully exercised or covered. Once checked, code is then generated for production applications. The code is analyzed, tested, and compared to the original model results. Common model and code verification activities include software-in-the-loop (SIL), processor-in-the-loop (PIL), and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing. In addition to functional results, it is important especially for high-integrity systems, that the model and code have been checked and assessed to known standards.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes recent advances in verification, validation, and test technologies involving Model-Based Design with production code generation.&lt;/div&gt;
A Cost-Effective Self-Healing Approach for Reliable Hardware Systems (2018)

In this paper, self-healing concept for hardware systems is investigated and a new approach is proposed. Hardware systems have been proposing imitations to biological organisms in the way they offer healing and recovery abilities. Digital systems with inspired homogeneous architecture have improved capabilities to compensate for any faults. Self-healing is defined by the ability of a system to detect faults or failures and fix them. One of the main problems in current self-healing approaches is area overhead and scalability for complex structures considering they are based on redundancy and spare blocks. This paper proposes a different approach for self-healing based on embryonic structures without a need for spare cells. The area overhead is lower compared to other approaches relying on spare cells. The proposed approach relies on time multiplexing two functions in one cell within one clock cycle. The reliability of the proposed technique is studied and compared to conventional system with different failure rates. This approach is capable of healing up to 50% of the cells where each cell can cover another neighbor failed cell at most. The area overhead is 9% for the proposed approach which is much lower compared to other approaches using spare cell. The proposed approach is applied to investigate two case studies; ALU array, and neural network.