gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Perennial Problems Course (1957)

E YVEN a cursory consideration of the average American college curriculum will lead one to suspect that although there is a wealth of opportunity, there is also an apparent lack of unifying purpose. The expansion at the periphery has produced something like disintegration at the center of the experience. Or, at least in many schools, the much criticized meaningless rigid curriculum has been replaced to a considerable extent by a meaningful diffusion that seems at times to be fragmentation. The disintegration-if the term be not too harsh-seems to stem principally from two related, but distinct, influences. On the one hand, there is the continuing controversy over the nature and purpose of higher education. Three controversies, in fact, are noteworthy-the conflicts between the humanities and the sciences, between the contentcentered curriculum of traditional values and the student-centered curriculum of the expressed need, and between liberal education and applied education. The three conflicts are, of course, intimately related and may in general be regarded as a conflict between the world of the humanities and the world of the sciences. This controversy over purpose has been frequently intensified by inevitable professional bias, and even professional jealousy. All too frequently, the college curriculum reflects divisive professional interests rather than a unified educational program. For by the very nature of their educational preparation, most college teachers and administrators are highly trained within a relatively narrow compass, and it is natural for each to stress the area of his knowledge rather than the area of his ignorance. Indeed, it cannot be otherwise. As a result, the student is constantly confronted by a succession of competent, intelligent human beings each devoted rather exclusively to one phase of education; hence, he is pulled in different directions as educators vie for his loyalty to their particular arc of the sphere of education. Thus the student is frequently confronted by an educational system in which the members disagree in theory and may even engage in a kind of internecine war with one another over professional interests. Although some discussion is desirable, no educator will defend confusion, and too frequently the student at the center of this controversy is needlessly confused by the conflicting claims and interests that govern his education. I say needlessly, because
Angular encoding in attosecond recollision (2008)

We describe a general concept of using the spatial information encoded in the time-dependent polarization of high harmonic radiation generated by orthogonally polarized two-color laser fields. The main properties of recolliding electron wave packets driven by such fields are reviewed. It is shown that in addition to the recollision energy the angle of recollision of such wave packets, which is directly mapped onto the polarization direction of the emitted high harmonic radiation, varies on a sub-laser-cycle time-scale. Thus, a mapping between the polarization angle and the frequency of the emitted radiation is established on an attosecond time scale. While the polarization angle encodes the spatial properties of the recollision process, the frequency is linked to time via the well-known dispersion relations of high harmonic generation. Based on these principles, we show that in combination with polarization selective detection the use of orthogonally polarized drive pulses for high harmonic generation permit one to construct spatially resolved attosecond measurements. Here, we present two examples of possible applications: (i) a method for isolating a single attosecond pulse from an attosecond pulse train which is more efficient than the cut-off selection method, and (ii) a technique for orbital tomography of molecules with attosecond resolution.
Understanding and Predicting the Thermal Explosion Violence of HMX-Based and RDX-Based Explosives - Experimental Measurements of Material Properties and Reaction Violence (2002)

The violence of thermal explosions with energetic materials is affected by many material properties, in-cluding mechanical and thermal properties, thermal ignition kinetics, and deflagration behavior. These properties must be characterized for pristine and thermally-damaged materials. We present available data for these properties for two HMX-based formulations – LX-04 and PBX-9501, and two RDX-based formulations – Composition B and PBXN-109. We draw upon separately-published data on the thermal explosion violence with these materials to compare the material properties with the observed violence. We have the most extensive data on deflagration behavior of these four formulations, and we discuss the correlation of the deflagration data with the violence results. The data reported here may also be used to develop models for application in simulation codes such as ALE3D to calculate and predict thermal ex-plosion violence.
Effects of Aspirin Treatment upon Fibrinolytic Activity of Peripheral Blood Granulocytes (1981)

The effects of in vivo acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) treatment on the fibrinolytic activity of peripheral blood granulocytes have been studied in a group of healthy volunteers. Following a 4-day treatment with aspirin at a dose of 1 g/day, both the plasminogen-dependent and the nonspecific fibrinolytic activity were significantly decreased. On the contrary, no significant change in the granulocyte fibrinolytic activity was found after treatment with 250 mg ASA/day. It is suggested that the cellular release mechanism of such lytic enzymes rather than their synthesis could have been affected by the drug.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Conformationally Restricted Porphyrin Tetramer Bridged by a 9,9′‐Spirobifluorene Spacer. (1989)

Abstract Starting with the spirobifluorenetetracarbaldehyde (I), the target compound (Va) is prepared by coupling with the pyrrolecarboxylate (II), followed by decarboxylation and bridging condensation reaction with the bis(formylpyrrolyl)methane (IV).
Polymerizing Pyrrole Coated Poly (l-lactic acid-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) Conductive Nanofibrous Conduit Combined with Electric Stimulation for Long-Range Peripheral Nerve Regeneration (2016)

Electrospinning and electric stimulation (ES) are both promising methods to support neuron adhesion and guide extension of neurons for nerve regeneration. Concurrently, all studies focus on either electrospinning for conduits material or ES <i>in vitro</i> study to accelerate nerve regeneration; few work on the combined use of these two strategies or ES <i>in vivo</i> study. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the abilities of direct current ES through electrospinning conductive polymer composites composed of polypyrrole and Poly (l-lactic acid-co-ε-caprolactone) (PPY/PLCL) in peripheral nerve regeneration. PPY/PLCL composite conduits were synthesized by polymerizing pyrrole coated electrospun PLCL scaffolds. Morphologies and chemical compositions were characterized by scanning electron microscope and attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) microscope. Rat pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells cultured on PPY/PLCL scaffolds were stimulated with 100 mV/cm for 4 h per day. The median neurite length and cell viability were measured in PC-12 cells. The levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) were analyzed in DRG cells. In rats, 15 mm gaps of sciatic nerves were bridged using an autograft, non-stimulated PPY/PLCL conduit and PPY/PLCL conduit stimulated with 100 mV potential, respectively. A 100 mV potential direct current ES was applied for 1 h per day at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days post-implantation. The PPY/PLCL conduits with ES showed a similar performance compared with the autograft group, and significantly better than the non-stimulated PPY/PLCL conduit group. These promising results show that the PPY/PLCL conductive conduits' combined use with ES has great potential for peripheral nerve regeneration.
Hemoglobin in five genetically diverseFrankiastrains (2002)

Five strains of Frankia were selected to represent a wide range of genetic diversity and examined for presence of hemoglobin. All five strains produced hemoglobin when grown on media without (-N) or with (+N) combined nitrogen. This indicates that hemoglobin is common in Frankia and is not directly associated with nitrogen fixation. Frankia strain EAN1(pec) was examined in more detail. It showed greater hemoglobin concentration when grown at 2% O2 than at 20% O2 in the -N treatment but no effect of oxygen on hemoglobin concentration in the +N treatment. At both oxygen levels, it produced substantially more biomass in +N than in -N culture. It also produced significantly more biomass when the medium contained 0.2% CO2 than in the absence of CO2. The molecular mass of the hemoglobin as determined by size exclusion chromatography was 13.4 +/- 0.2 kDa (mean +/- SE, n = 3) and is consistent with that of a truncated hemoglobin. The hemoglobin had absorption spectra that were typical of a hemoglobin. The oxygen dissociation rate constants for the hemoglobin were 131.2 +/- 5.8 s(-1) for -N culture and 166 +/- 8.2 s(-1) for +N culture. These rapid rates are consistent with a function in facilitated diffusion of oxygen.
Stochastic-based framework for 3R regenerator placement in DWDM transport networks under dynamic traffic (2013)

DWDM transport networks are on the verge of supporting the dynamic set up and tear down of wavelength services. This is becoming possible mainly via node architectures with flexible add/drop port utilization, where a pre-deployed transponder can be tuned to any wavelength and transmitted towards any direction, and advanced management and control software, which provide the means to remotely reconfigure equipment end-to-end. In addition to quickly setting up the transponders located at the end nodes of the service, these capabilities are key to reduce service setup times in long-haul networks, provided a number of regenerators have been deployed in advance. This paper proposes a framework to characterize stochastically the fitness of each node as a placeholder for 3R regenerators in a DWDM long-haul network under dynamic traffic. Based on the network and traffic information available, different strategies are devised to determine the fitness value of each node. Network simulation is used to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of these strategies.
Computer Simulation of the Structure and Operation Mechanisms for the Active Layer of Lithium–Oxygen Battery Cathode (2020)

Currently, the development of lithium–oxygen (air) battery became a hot topic. It is recognised that its specific energy will exceed that of traditional lithium-ion batteries by order of magnitude. The principal element of the lithium–oxygen battery, that is, the active layer of the cathode constitutes a layer of material with a complicated pore structure. During discharge, some electrochemical and chemical processes therein result in the accumulation of lithium peroxide that eventually has been used in the lithium–oxygen battery charging. This power source still suffers from disadvantages, indeed. In this work, computer simulation is used in the elucidating of the effects of the cathode active layer structure on the lithium–oxygen battery overall characteristics during its charging and discharging. A set of obstacles on the way to improvement of the lithium–oxygen battery overall characteristics has been revealed. The obstacles are shown being crucial, they cannot be overcome in terms of current practice of the designing of the lithium–oxygen battery cathode. Therefore, new approaches to the manufacturing of lithium–oxygen battery cathode have to be sought for.
The Primary Structure of the Hemoglobin from the Grey-Headed Flying Fox(Pteropus poliocephalus)and the Black Flying Fox(P. alecto,Megachiroptera) (1988)

The primary structures of the hemoglobins of two Flying Foxes of the genus Pteropus are presented. Both comprise two components: in P. alecto hemoglobin two alpha-chains at a ratio of 1:1 and two beta-chains at a ratio of 4:1 were detected. The hemoglobin of P. poliocephalus comprises one alpha-chain and two beta-chains, the latter at a ratio of 1:1. The globin chains were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the sequences determined by automatic liquid and gas phase Edman degradation of the chains and their tryptic peptides. Compared with human hemoglobin, the alpha-chains of P. alecto and P. poliocephalus show 18 and 19 exchanges, respectively, whereas in the beta-chains 16/17 substitutions are found in both cases. In the alpha-chains of P. alecto, one exchange involves an alpha 1/beta 1-contact. In the beta-chains of both species one heme-, one alpha 1/beta 2- and two alpha 1/beta 1-contacts are exchanged. The relevant side chains are the same in both species. The functional and systematic aspects of these findings are discussed.
Characterization of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation Sites on the Connexin-43 Gap Junction Protein (1996)

We have previously demonstrated that epidermal growth factor induced a rapid, transient decrease in gap junctional communication and increase in serine phosphorylation on the connexin-43 gap junction protein in T51B rat liver epithelial cells. The kinase(s) responsible for phosphorylation and specific serine targets in connexin-43 have not been identified. There are three consensus mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase serine phosphorylation sequences in the carboxyl-terminal tail of connexin-43 and purified MAP kinase phosphorylated connexin-43 in vitro on tryptic peptides that comigrated with a subset of peptides from connexin-43 phosphorylated in vivo in cells treated with epidermal growth factor. These data suggested that MAP kinase may phosphorylate connexin-43 directly in vivo. We have utilized a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the cytoplasmic tail of connexin-43 to characterize MAP kinase phosphorylation. Site-directed mutagenesis, phosphotryptic peptide analysis, and peptide sequencing have confirmed that MAP kinase can phosphorylate connexin-43 at Ser255, Ser279, and Ser282, which correspond to the consensus sites recognized earlier. Characterization of MAP kinase-mediated phosphorylation of connexin-43 has defined potential targets for phosphorylation in vivo following activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and has provided the basis for studies of the effects of phosphorylation, at specific molecular sites, on the regulation of gap junctional communication.
Glucose Homeostasis Abnormalities Assessed by an OGTT in Coronary Artery Disease Patients During Admission and Follow-up at Ambulation (2011)

In this pilot study we found that impaired post-prandial glucose control in patients with ACS improves when retested at ambulation. Therefore, it is probably better to perform the OGTT as an ambulatory test and not during the acute admission for defining abnormalities in glucose homeostasis of patients with ACS.
Internet traffic clustering using packet header information (2011)

IP networks transfer huge amounts of data and information all over the word. The operator maintains the network and monitors it continuously to detect and eliminate any disturbances as soon as possible. Features and parameters included in the IP packet headers enable the operator to identify lots of information about the IP traffic and network users. The goal of this study is to analyze the measurements about the IP packet header information to support the operators in network management and optimiza- tion, trouble shooting, service creation and marketing. In this paper we propose multi-layer clustering that can reveal detailed description of traffic patterns and behaviour profiles of the network addresses. These descriptions can be en- hanced by identifying abnormal traffic and analysing the reasons for such behaviour. Utilizing the measurement information included in the IP packet headers enables all these analysis tasks without violating privacy of the con- sumers.
Influence of Type of Organic Template on the Properties of Zeolites ZSM-23 (2019)

The influence of the type of organic template from the series: pyrrolidine, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone on the physicochemical properties of zeolite of MTT structure (ZSM-23) was studied. The optimal composition of the reaction mixture and the synthesis conditions of ZSM-23 were determined for each template. The use of relatively inexpensive organic templates, dimethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone, makes it possible to obtain phase-pure zeolite of MTT topology with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio from 60 to 100, the acid characteristics of which are similar to zeolites obtained with pyrrolidine expensive and not produced in Russia. The synthesis with use of dimethylformamide allows obtaining zeolite ZSM-23 with a yield of more than 95% calculated in term of silica spent and improved texture characteristics: the micropore volume 0.08–0.09 cm3 g−1, the total pore volume 0.3–0.35 cm3 g−1. An analysis of the features of the syntheses with different templates exhibited that dimethylformamide can be considered as the most suitable for use in producing MTT zeolite (ZSM-23).
Band-gap luminescence of GaP:S shock compressed to 5GPa (2008)

Changes in the indirect band gap of GaP due to uniaxial strain compression were observed using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy in shock wave experiments. Longitudinal stresses up to 5GPa were generated in [111], [110], and [100] orientated samples. PL lines from sulfur bound excitons exhibited redshifts upon shock compression. At larger uniaxial strains, the measured shifts were smaller than predicted from published optical deformation potentials for GaP. It is shown that overestimation of spin-dependent interactions is most likely responsible for the observed discrepancies. An accurate set of deformation potentials for GaP is derived.
Synthesis and characterization of antimicrobial textile finishing based on Ag:ZnO nanoparticles/chitosan biocomposites (2015)

Hybrid biocomposite coatings of ZnO and Ag:ZnO nanoparticles with antibacterial activity were prepared and dispersed in chitosan.
Toward self-correcting search engines (2013)

Search engines receive queries with a broad range of different search intents. However, they do not perform equally well for all queries. Understanding where search engines perform poorly is critical for improving their performance. In this paper, we present a method for automatically identifying poorly-performing query groups where a search engine may not meet searcher needs. This allows us to create coherent query clusters that help system design-ers generate actionable insights about necessary changes and helps learning-to-rank algorithms better learn relevance signals via spe-cialized rankers. The result is a framework capable of estimating dissatisfaction from Web search logs and learning to improve per-formance for dissatisfied queries. Through experimentation, we show that our method yields good quality groups that align with established retrieval performance metrics. We also show that we can significantly improve retrieval effectiveness via specialized rankers, and that coherent grouping of underperforming queries generated by our method is important in improving each group.
Immunoprotective haem oxygenase induction by ultraviolet A (320-400 nm) radiation in the mouse is inhibited in interferon-gamma null mice (2003)

IFN-gamma appears to be a prerequisite for the immunoprotective induction of HO, although other mediators may also be involved. The UVA responsiveness of HO in an internal organ such as the liver suggests the existence of a soluble UVA-induced mediator from the skin, which may be IFN-gamma.
Interleukin-18: A Mediator of Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2011)

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a highly regulated inflammatory cytokine that is elevated in synovial tissues and synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and patients with other arthropathies. Within the RA joint, IL-18 can contribute to the inflammatory process by inducing leukocyte extravasation through upregulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules, the release of chemokines from RA synovial fibroblasts, and directly as a monocytes, lymphocyte, and neutrophil chemoattractant. IL-18 can also help maintain and develop the inflammatory pannus by inducing endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. IL-18 does this directly by binding and activating endothelial cells and indirectly by inducing RA synovial fibroblasts to produce angiogenic chemokines and vascular endothelial growth factor. IL-18 is present in RA synovial fluid in high levels, where it functions as an angiogenic mediator and leukocyte chemoattractant. IL-18 mediates all these inflammatory processes by binding to its receptor, IL-18 receptor, and initiating the activation of different signaling cascades leading to changes in target cells gene expression and behavior. IL-18 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of RA.
The Advanced Particle-astrophysics Telescope (APT) Project Status (2021)

We describe the development of a future gamma-ray/cosmic-ray mission called the Advanced Particle-astrophysics Telescope (APT). The instrument will combine a pair tracker and Compton telescope in a single monolithic design. By using scintillating fibers for the tracker and wavelength-shifting fibers to readout CsI detectors, the instrument will achieve an order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity compared with Fermi but with fewer readout channels, and lower complexity. By incorporating multiple Compton imaging over a very large effective area, the instrument will also achieve orders of magnitude improvement in MeV sensitivity compared with other proposed instruments. The mission would have a broad impact on astroparticle physics; primary science drivers for the mission include: (1) probing WIMP dark matter across the entire natural mass range and annihilation cross section for a thermal WIMP, (2) providing a nearly all-sky instantaneous FoV, with prompt sub-degree localization and polarization measurements for gamma-rays transients such as neutron-star mergers and (3) making measurements of rare utra-heavy cosmic ray nuclei to distinguish between n-star merger and SNae r-process synthesis of the heavy elements. We will describe ongoing work including a series of accelerator beam tests, a piggy-back Antactic flight (APTlite) and the recently funded long-duration balloon mission: the Antarctic Demonstrator for APT (ADAPT).
Multi-Element Transducers For Conformal Transurethral Thermal Therapy (2006)

Transurethral thermal therapy of the prostate using ultrasound may be used to create a thermal lesion that matches a target volume of tissue while sparing surrounding structures. To produce multiple‐element ultrasound transducers for this purpose, a fabrication method of sub‐dicing one continuous piece of piezoceramic to isolate individual elements was employed. Finite element modeling was used to determine the required dicing cut width and depth for adequate inter‐element isolation. Experimental acoustic measurements were used to evaluate device efficiency and power stability over a range of element widths (2 to 4 mm) and lengths (3 to 30 mm). Efficiencies of 50% or higher and power output suitable for thermal therapy were achievable for all element sizes tested. This method of fabrication and testing is being utilized for evaluation of prototype devices designed for prostate thermal therapy.
Oral L-citrulline supplementation enhances cycling time trial performance in healthy trained men: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled 2-way crossover study (2016)

Current Controlled Trials UMIN000014278.
Ocular Virulence of Capsule-DeficientStreptococcus pneumoniaein a Rabbit Keratitis Model (2005)

The S. pneumoniae noncapsular strain was as virulent in the rabbit cornea as was the encapsulated strain, but unlike the encapsulated strain, was avirulent in the mouse peritoneum.