gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapidly Self-Renewing Human Multipotent Marrow Stromal Cells (hMSC) Express Sialyl Lewis X and Actively Adhere to Arterial Endothelium in a Chick Embryo Model System (2014)

The results demonstrated that rapidly self-renewing hMSC were retained in the CAM because they rolled on and adhered to respiratory arteriolar EC in an α4 integrin- and SLeX-dependent manner. It is therefore important to select cells based on their cell adhesion receptor profile as well as size depending on the intended target of the cell and the injection route.
Quantitative Evaluation of Twelve Major Components of Sulfur-Fumigated Astragali Radix with Different Durations by UPLC-MS (2018)

In this study, an improved UPLC-MS (Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) method for simultaneously quantifying twelve major components belonging to two chemical types was developed and validated, and was applied to quantitatively compare the quality of sulfur-fumigated Astragali Radix of different durations and of the fresh reference sample. The results showed that the contents of triterpenes astragaloside III and astragaloside IV decreased moderately, while the flavonoids calycosin, formononetin, and 7,2'-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavane decreased significantly. The corresponding flavonoid glycosides increased accordingly, which indicated the occurrence of chemical transformation of flavonoids and glycosides in the process of sulfur-fumigation. These transformations were further confirmed by the synthesis of flavonoid glycosides under simulated sulfur-fumigation circumstances. Furthermore, the sulfur-fumigated duration varied in proportion with the contents of compounds <b>7</b>, <b>11</b>, and <b>12</b>. These results suggest that the established method was precise, accurate and sensitive enough for the global quality evaluation of sulfur-fumigated Astragali Radix. Further, sulfur-fumigation not only changes the proportions of bioactive components, but also causes chemical transformation in Astragali Radix.
Exemplar VAE: Linking Generative Models, Nearest Neighbor Retrieval, and Data Augmentation (2020)

We introduce Exemplar VAEs, a family of generative models that bridge the gap between parametric and non-parametric, exemplar based generative models. Exemplar VAE is a variant of VAE with a non-parametric prior in the latent space based on a Parzen window estimator. To sample from it, one first draws a random exemplar from a training set, then stochastically transforms that exemplar into a latent code and a new observation. We propose retrieval augmented training (RAT) as a way to speed up Exemplar VAE training by using approximate nearest neighbor search in the latent space to define a lower bound on log marginal likelihood. To enhance generalization, model parameters are learned using exemplar leave-one-out and subsampling. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of Exemplar VAEs on density estimation and representation learning. Importantly, generative data augmentation using Exemplar VAEs on permutation invariant MNIST and Fashion MNIST reduces classification error from 1.17% to 0.69% and from 8.56% to 8.16%.
Taxonomy, Sequence Variance and Functional Profiling of the Microbial Community of Long-Ripened Cheddar Cheese Using Shotgun Metagenomics (2023)

Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to investigate the diversity of the microbial community of Cheddar cheese ripened over 32 months. The changes in taxa abundance were compared from assembly-based, non-assembly-based, and mOTUs2 sequencing pipelines to delineate the community profile for each age group. Metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) passing the quality threshold were obtained for 11 species from 58 samples. Although <i>Lactococcus cremoris</i> and <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> were dominant across the shotgun samples, other species were identified using MG-RAST. NMDS analysis of the beta diversity of the microbial community revealed the similarity of the cheeses in older age groups (7 months to 32 months). As expected, the abundance of <i>Lactococcus cremoris</i> consistently decreased over ripening, while the proportion of permeable cells increased. Over the ripening period, the relative abundance of viable <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> progressively increased, but at a variable rate among trials. Reads attributed to <i>Siphoviridae</i> and <i>Ascomycota</i> remained below 1% relative abundance. The functional profiles of PMA-treated cheeses differed from those of non-PMA-treated cheeses. Starter rotation was reflected in the single nucleotide variant profiles of <i>Lactococcus cremoris</i> (SNVs of this species using mOTUs2), while the incoming milk was the leading factor in discriminating <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i>/<i>casei</i> SNV profiles. The relative abundance estimates from Kraken2, non-assembly-based (MG-RAST) and marker gene clusters (mOTUs2) were consistent across age groups for the two dominant taxa. Metagenomics enabled sequence variant analysis below the bacterial species level and functional profiling that may affect the metabolic interactions between subpopulations in cheese during ripening, which could help explain the overall flavour development of cheese. Future work will integrate microbial variants with volatile profiles to associate the development of compounds related to cheese flavour at each ripening stage.
Radioanatomic study of the skull base and septum in Asians: implications for using the nasoseptal flap for anterior skull‐base reconstruction (2017)

The risk of NSF insufficiency for covering the anterior skull-base defect in Koreans is higher relative to whites, and is accentuated in female patients. Efforts to increase the size of the NSF as well as efforts to avoid intraoperative shrinkage of the NSF should be considered to compensate for the relatively small NSF in Asians.
Differential Protective Efficacy of DNA Vaccines Expressing Secreted Proteins ofMycobacterium tuberculosis (1999)

The development of more-effective antituberculosis vaccines would assist in the control of the global problem of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One recently devised vaccination strategy is immunization with DNA plasmids encoding individual microbial genes. Using the genes for the M. tuberculosis secreted proteins MPT64 (23 kDa), Ag85B (30 kDa), and ESAT-6 (6 kDa) as candidate antigens, DNA vaccines were prepared and tested for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in a murine model of aerosolized tuberculosis (TB). Intramuscular immunization with DNA-64 or DNA-85B resulted in the activation of CD4(+) T cells, which produce gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and high titers of specific immunoglobulin G antibodies. Further, DNA-64 induced major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells. The addition of a eukaryotic leader sequence to mpt64 did not significantly increase the T-cell or antibody response. Each of the three DNA vectors stimulated a significant reduction in the level of M. tuberculosis infection in the lungs of mice challenged 4 weeks after immunization, but not to the levels resulting after immunization with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The vaccines showed a consistent hierarchy of protection, with the most effective being Ag85B, followed by ESAT-6 and then MPT64. Coimmunization with the three vectors resulted in a greater degree of protection than that induced by any single vector. This protective efficacy was associated with the emergence of IFN-gamma-secreting T cells earlier than in infected animals immunized with a control vector. The efficacy of these DNA vaccines suggests that multisubunit vaccination may contribute to future vaccine strategies against TB.
HO-3D_v3: Improving the Accuracy of Hand-Object Annotations of the HO-3D Dataset (2021)

HO-3D is a dataset providing image sequences of various hand-object interaction scenarios annotated with the 3D pose of the hand and the object and was originally introduced as HO-3D_v2. The annotations were obtained automatically using an optimization method, 'HOnnotate', introduced in the original paper. HO-3D_v3 provides more accurate annotations for both the hand and object poses thus resulting in better estimates of contact regions between the hand and the object. In this report, we elaborate on the improvements to the HOnnotate method and provide evaluations to compare the accuracy of HO-3D_v2 and HO-3D_v3. HO-3D_v3 results in 4mm higher accuracy compared to HO-3D_v2 for hand poses while exhibiting higher contact regions with the object surface.
Synthetic lignin-like and degradable nanocarriers (2021)

Bio-based lignin-like building blocks were synthesized and transformed into polyurethane nanocarriers by interfacial polymerization in a miniemulsion. The nanocarriers were degradable by fungal enzymes and might be used for agrochemical delivery.
Urinary incontinence in subacute care — a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes and costs (2003)

Objective: To investigate the effect of incontinence on clinical outcomes and costs for patients in subacute care. Design: Retrospective analysis of data collected over a 3-month period in 1996. Setting: 54 medical facilities in Australia and New Zealand providing subacute care in an inpatient setting. Patients: 6773 episodes of care provided to 6455 rehabilitation and geriatric evaluation and management patients. Main outcome measures: Urinary continence status, treatment outcomes, length of stay, discharge destination, and nursing and allied healthcare costs. Results: Discharge destination differed between incontinent and continent patients (57% compared with 82%, respectively, discharged home, and 29% compared with 12%, respectively, discharged to a nursing home or to further care). There was a difference in cost between patients who were continent and those who were incontinent throughout their episode of care (rehabilitation: $185.60 [95% CI, $181–$190] per day for incontinent and $156.82 [95% CI, $153–$160] for continent patients; and geriatric evaluation and management: $164.62 [95% CI, $157–$172] for incontinent and $121.40 [95% CI, $114–$129] for continent patients). However, multilevel analyses showed that, after allowing for age and level of functional independence, the contribution of continence status to the cost of care depended on the functional independence of the patient (cognitive function for orthopaedic patients [P < 0.01] and motor function for stroke patients [P = 0.04]). Conclusion: The relationship between continence status and cost of care is complex. However, the cost differences found in our study need to be considered in payment systems, allocation of staff levels on wards and in development of casemix classifications.
Low resistivity indium–tin oxide transparent conductive films. II. Effect of sputtering voltage on electrical property of films (1990)

A low resistivity and high transmittance Sn doped In2O3 (ITO) film was formed on a glass substrate by dc magnetron sputtering and lower sputtering voltage gave a lower resistivity film. At a sputtering voltage of −250 V, the resistivity obtained was 5.0×10−4Ω cm for room temperature substrate, 2.0×10−4Ω cm for 160 °C substrate, 1.9×10−4Ω cm for 200 °C substrate, and 1.2×10−4Ω cm for 460 °C substrate. At a sputtering voltage of −80 V, the resistivity was 1.3×10−4Ω cm for 200 °C substrate. A measurement of Hall effect shows that the decreased resistivity by lower sputtering voltage is not caused by the Hall mobility but by an increased carrier concentration.
A comparative analysis of image fusion methods (2005)

There are many image fusion methods that can be used to produce high-resolution multispectral images from a high-resolution panchromatic image and low-resolution multispectral images. Starting from the physical principle of image formation, this paper presents a comprehensive framework, the general image fusion (GIF) method, which makes it possible to categorize, compare, and evaluate the existing image fusion methods. Using the GIF method, it is shown that the pixel values of the high-resolution multispectral images are determined by the corresponding pixel values of the low-resolution panchromatic image, the approximation of the high-resolution panchromatic image at the low-resolution level. Many of the existing image fusion methods, including, but not limited to, intensity-hue-saturation, Brovey transform, principal component analysis, high-pass filtering, high-pass modulation, the a/spl grave/ trous algorithm-based wavelet transform, and multiresolution analysis-based intensity modulation (MRAIM), are evaluated and found to be particular cases of the GIF method. The performance of each image fusion method is theoretically analyzed based on how the corresponding low-resolution panchromatic image is computed and how the modulation coefficients are set. An experiment based on IKONOS images shows that there is consistency between the theoretical analysis and the experimental results and that the MRAIM method synthesizes the images closest to those the corresponding multisensors would observe at the high-resolution level.
A genetic variant in osteoprotegerin is associated with progression of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (2014)

These results indicate that a genetic variant in OPG is associated with a more severe rate of joint destruction in RA.
Synthesis and characterization of neutral MVO (M = technetium, rhenium) amine-thiol complexes containing a pendant phenylpiperidine group (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of neutral MVO (M = technetium, rhenium) amine-thiol complexes containing a pendant phenylpiperidine groupL. C. Francesconi, G. Graczyk, S. Wehrli, S. N. Shaikh, D. McClinton, S. Liu, J. Zubieta, and H. F. KungCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 14, 3114–3124Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00066a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00066a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mac OS X: The Missing Manual (2001)

From the Publisher:
For personal computer users of every stripe, OS is a whole new ballgame. It combines Apple's trademark visual elegance with the underlying stability of UNIX, which adds up to a rock-solid, gorgeous operating system. 
Unfortunately, learning OS is also whole new ballgame. As author David Pogue notes in his introduction, Mac OS X is a misnomerit isn't really the OS at all; there's scarcely a single line of code in common with the tangled, ancient code of the older OS. Hundreds of features have been removed, added, or moved around. 
Few in the world are more qualified to guide users through the undocumented jungle of OS than David Pogue, triple-award-winning former Macworld columnist and author of the best-selling OS 9: The Missing Manual. His new book shines light on both the broad strokes and the fine points of OS version 10.1, including understanding its UNIX-like folder structure, setting up an office network, capitalizing on its rich Internet features, and even hacking the real power of the UNIX underbelly by summoning the command-line interface. OS X: The Missing Manual also covers each of the control panels and bonus programs that comes with OS X, including iTunes, Mail, Sherlock, and Apache, the built-in Web-server. 
For users who have become accustomed to the older OS, Appendix A, the Where'd It Go? dictionary, may be worth the price of the book all by itself. It's an alphabetical listing of every feature that was once in OS 9, complete with an explanation of what became of it in OS X. 
Through it all, Pogue shows off the refreshinghumor, technical insight, and crystal-clear, plain-English prose that made number one best-sellers out of his other books in the Missing Manual series, including OS 9, Windows Me, and iMovie 2.
Effect of high-oxygen and oxygen-free modified atmosphere packaging on the spoilage process of poultry breast fillets (2014)

A comparison was made of the effect of atmospheres containing high oxygen (70% O2 and 30% CO2) or high nitrogen (70% N2 and 30% CO2) on the spoilage process during storage (at 4°C) of poultry fillets. Four samples of each gas atmosphere were analyzed at 7 sample points during storage. For this analysis, the growth of typical spoilage organisms (Brochothrix thermosphacta, Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, and Lactobacilli spp.) and total viable count (TVC) were analyzed and modeled by using the Gompertz function. Sensory analyses of the poultry samples were carried out by trained sensory panelists to analyze color, odor, texture, drip loss, and general appearance. The composition of the spoilage flora differed between the oxygen-free atmosphere and the high-oxygen atmosphere. Anaerobic conditions favored the growth of Lactobacilli spp., whereas aerobic gas composition favored the growth of B. thermosphacta. However, no significant difference (P<0.05) in TVC and sensory parameters were observed for poultry samples stored under a high-oxygen atmosphere in comparison to a high-nitrogen atmosphere. These results indicate that high-oxygen packaging has no additional beneficial effect on the quality maintenance and shelf life of fresh poultry fillets.
Induction of phagocytic behaviour in human epithelial cells by Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor type1 (1993)

Cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (CNF1) from strains of pathogenic Escherichia coli induces in human epithelial HEp-2 cells, a profound reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton into prominent stress fibres and membrane ruffles. We report here that this process is associated with induction of phagocytic-like activity. CNF1-treated cells acquired the ability to ingest latex beads as well as non-invasive bacteria such as Listeria innocua, which were taken as a model system. Uptake of bacteria was similar to pathogen-induced phagocytosis, since L. innocua transformed with DNA coding for the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O behaved, with respect to intracellular growth, like the invasive, pathogenic species L. monocytogenes. Our results raise the possibility that, in vivo, pathogenic CNF1-producing E. coli may invade epithelia by this novel induced phagocytic-like mechanism.
High-Dose Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation of Preterm Infants: Respiratory and Allergy Outcomes (2011)

DHA supplementation for infants of <33 weeks' gestation reduced the incidence of BPD in boys and in all infants with a birth weight of <1250 g and reduced the incidence of reported hay fever in boys at either 12 or 18 months.
Atomic-Site-Specific Surface Valence-Band Structure from X-Ray Standing-Wave Excited Photoemission (2022)

X-ray standing-wave (XSW) excited photoelectron emission was used to measure the site-specific valence band (VB) for ½ monolayer (ML) Pt grown on a SrTiO_{3} (001) surface. The XSW induced modulations in the core level (CL), and VB photoemission from the surface and substrate atoms were monitored for three hkl substrate Bragg reflections. The XSW CL analysis shows the Pt to have a face-centered-cubic-like cube-on-cube epitaxy with the substrate. The XSW VB information compares well to a density functional theory calculated projected density of states from the surface and substrate atoms. Overall, this Letter represents a novel method for determining the contribution to the density of states by valence electrons from specific atomic surface sites.
Planck2015 results (2016)

The Second Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources is a list of discrete objects detected in single-frequency maps from the full duration of the Planck mission and supersedes previous versions. It consists of compact sources, both Galactic and extragalactic, detected over the entire sky. Compact sources detected in the lower frequency channels are assigned to the PCCS2, while at higher frequencies they are assigned to one of two subcatalogues, the PCCS2 or PCCS2E, depending on their location on the sky. The first of these (PCCS2) covers most of the sky and allows the user to produce subsamples at higher reliabilities than the target 80% integral reliability of the catalogue. The second (PCCS2E) contains sources detected in sky regions where the diffuse emission makes it difficult to quantify the reliability of the detections. Both the PCCS2 and PCCS2E include polarization measurements, in the form of polarized flux densities, or upper limits, and orientation angles for all seven polarization-sensitive Planck channels. The improved data-processing of the full-mission maps and their reduced noise levels allow us to increase the number of objects in the catalogue, improving its completeness for the target 80% reliability as compared with the previous versions, the PCCS and the Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC).
Evolution of Phenotypic Drug Susceptibility and Viral Replication Capacity during Long-Term Virologic Failure of Protease Inhibitor Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adults (2002)

Continued use of antiretroviral therapy despite the emergence of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been associated with the durable maintenance of plasma HIV RNA levels below pretherapy levels. The factors that may account for this partial control of viral replication were assessed in a longitudinal observational study of 20 HIV-infected adults who remained on a stable protease inhibitor-based regimen despite ongoing viral replication (plasma HIV RNA levels consistently >500 copies/ml). Longitudinal plasma samples (n = 248) were assayed for drug susceptibility and viral replication capacity (measured by using a single-cycle recombinant-virus assay). The initial treatment-mediated decrease in plasma viremia was directly proportional to the reduction in replicative capacity (P = 0.01). Early virologic rebound was associated the emergence of a virus population exhibiting increased protease inhibitor phenotypic resistance, while replicative capacity remained low. During long-term virologic failure, plasma HIV RNA levels often remained stable or increased slowly, while phenotypic resistance continued to increase and replicative capacity decreased slowly. The emergence of primary genotypic mutations within protease (particularly V82A, I84V, and L90M) was temporally associated with increasing phenotypic resistance and decreasing replicative capacity, while the emergence of secondary mutations within protease was associated with more-gradual changes in both phenotypic resistance and replicative capacity. We conclude that HIV may be constrained in its ability to become both highly resistant and highly fit and that this may contribute to the continued partial suppression of plasma HIV RNA levels that is observed in some patients with drug-resistant viremia.