gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ketone body utilization drives tumor growth and metastasis (2012)

We have previously proposed that catabolic fibroblasts generate mitochondrial fuels (such as ketone bodies) to promote the anabolic growth of human cancer cells and their metastasic dissemination. We have termed this new paradigm "two-compartment tumor metabolism." Here, we further tested this hypothesis by using a genetic approach. For this purpose, we generated hTERT-immortalized fibroblasts overexpressing the rate-limiting enzymes that promote ketone body production, namely BDH1 and HMGCS2. Similarly, we generated MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells overexpressing the key enzyme(s) that allow ketone body re-utilization, OXCT1/2 and ACAT1/2. Interestingly, our results directly show that ketogenic fibroblasts are catabolic and undergo autophagy, with a loss of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) protein expression. Moreover, ketogenic fibroblasts increase the mitochondrial mass and growth of adjacent breast cancer cells. However, most importantly, ketogenic fibroblasts also effectively promote tumor growth, without a significant increase in tumor angiogenesis. Finally, MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing the enzyme(s) required for ketone re-utilization show dramatic increases in tumor growth and metastatic capacity. Our data provide the necessary genetic evidence that ketone body production and re-utilization drive tumor progression and metastasis. As such, ketone inhibitors should be designed as novel therapeutics to effectively treat advanced cancer patients, with tumor recurrence and metastatic disease. In summary, ketone bodies behave as onco-metabolites, and we directly show that the enzymes HMGCS2, ACAT1/2 and OXCT1/2 are bona fide metabolic oncogenes.
Interleukin-15 antagonizes muscle protein waste in tumour-bearing rats (2000)

Tissue protein hypercatabolism (TPH) is an important feature in cancer cachexia, particularly with regard to the skeletal muscle. The Yoshida AH-130 rat ascites hepatoma is a model system for studying the mechanisms involved in the processes that lead to tissue depletion, since it induces in the host a rapid and progressive muscle wasting, primarily due to TPH. The present study was aimed at investigating if IL-15, which is known to favour muscle fibre hypertrophy, could antagonize the enhanced muscle protein breakdown in this cancer cachexia model. Indeed, IL-15 treatment partly inhibited skeletal muscle wasting in AH-130-bearing rats by decreasing (8-fold) protein degradative rates (as measured by 14C-bicarbonate pre-loading of muscle proteins) to values even lower than those observed in non-tumour-bearing animals. These alterations in protein breakdown rates were associated with an inhibition of the ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway (35% and 41% for 2.4 and 1.2 kb ubiquitin mRNA, and 57% for the C8 proteasome subunit, respectively). The cytokine did not modify the plasma levels of corticosterone and insulin in the tumour hosts. The present data give new insights into the mechanisms by which IL-15 exerts its preventive effect on muscle protein wasting and seem to warrant the implementation of experimental protocols involving the use of the cytokine in the treatment of pathological states characterized by TPH, particularly in skeletal muscle, such as in the present model of cancer cachexia.
Ultrafast interference coatings for the MIR spectral range (2016)

We present a multilayer interference coating process for ultrafast optics in the MIR spectral range from 2 to 12 µm. Also measurements of the group delay dispersion (GDD) using a white light interferometer are shown.
Effect of Support Pore Size on Activity of Immobilized Sulfhydryl Oxidase (1978)

Both sulfhydryl oxidase and heat denatured milk proteins exist as highly associated, large protein complexes; therefore, the catalytic activity of immobilized forms of the enzyme should be dependent upon the pore size of the support matrix. A method was optimized for immobilization of the enzyme on succinamidopropyl-glass with water-soluble carbodiimide to activate carboxyl groups. With both heated skim milk and reduced glutathione substrates most of the activity occurred on the outer surface of the particles for enzyme immobilized on porous beads having mean pore diameters ranging from 500 A to 3000 A. Furthermore, Arrhenius plots did not indicate significant effects of pore diffusion. Also molecular sieve chromatographic experiments showed that enzyme and denatured whey proteins were excluded from the pore volume. Finally, equivalent or higher activity per unit volume of support could be obtained with nonporous materials such as glass beads.
Effects of competitive and noncompetitive showjumping on total and free iodothyronines, β‐endorphin, ACTH and cortisol levels of horses (2010)

These preliminary results could demonstrate correlations between thyroid hormones and β-endorphin response to showjumping, although no definitive conclusion can be produced concerning the relationships between HPA and thyroid function during exercise.
Rapid development of bromodomain probes using flow synthesis methods and frontal affinity chromatography (2014)

This poster illustrates aspects of a project involving the development of new probes for bromodomain 9 protein. Flow chemistry technologies and remote monitoring techniques were used for the synthesis, and Frontal Affinity Chromatography assays were used for analysis of the products.
Evaluation of radiological safety according to accident scenarios for commercialization of spent resin mixture treatment device (2022)

Spent resin often exceeds radiation limits for safe disposal, creating a need for commercial-scale treatment techniques to reduce resin radioactivity. In this study, the radiological safety of a commercialized spent resin treatment device with a treatment capacity of 1 ton/day was evaluated. The results confirm that the device is radiologically safe in the event of an accident. This device desorbs 14C from the spent resin, allowing disposal as low-level waste instead of intermediate-level waste. The device also reduces overall waste by recycling the extracted 14C. Potential accident scenarios were explored to enable dose assessments for both internal and external exposure while preventing further spillage of the device and processing the spilled resin. The scenarios involved the development of a surface fracture on the resin mixture separator and microwave systems, which were operated under pressure and temperature of 0–6 bar and 0–150 °C, respectively. In the case of accidents with separator and microwave device, the maximum allowable working time of worker were derived, respectively, considering external and internal exposures. When wearing the respirator corresponding to APF 50, in the case of the microwave device accident scenario, the radiological safety was confirmed when the maximum worker worked within 132.1 h.
Cazolobine, a New Sesquiterpene from Isolona hexaloba (Annonaceae) (2004)

Abstract Methyl 7-(5’,5’-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2’-yl)-3-methylocta-2,6-dieneoate (cazolobine), a new sesquiterpene derivative was isolated from the root of Isolona hexaloba (Annonaceae) collected in Gabon. The structure of cazolobine was elucidated on the basis of its spectral data, mainly MS and multiple-pulse NMR.
RADAR (2018)

Typhoons and hurricanes cause extensive damage to coast cities annually, demanding urban authorities to take effective actions in disaster response to reduce losses. One of the first priority in disaster response is to identify and clear road obstacles, such as fallen trees and ponding water, and restore road transportation in a timely manner for supply and rescue. Traditionally, identifying road obstacles is done by manual investigation and reporting, which is labor intensive and time consuming, hindering the timely restoration of transportation. In this work, we propose RADAR, a low-cost and real-time approach to identify road obstacles leveraging large-scale vehicle trajectory data and heterogeneous road environment sensing data. First, based on the observation that road obstacles may cause abnormal slow motion behaviors of vehicles in the surrounding road segments, we propose a cluster direct robust matrix factorization (CDRMF) approach to detect road obstacles by identifying the collective anomalies of slow motion behaviors from vehicle trajectory data. Then, we classify the detected road obstacles leveraging the correlated spatial and temporal features extracted from various road environment data, including satellite images and meteorological records. To address the challenges of heterogeneous features and sparse labels, we propose a semi-supervised approach combining co-training and active learning (CORAL). Real experiments on Xiamen City show that our approach accurately detects and classifies the road obstacles during the 2016 typhoon season with precision and recall both above 90%, and outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines.
Escherichia coli Host Strains (2003)

To successfully perform molecular genetic techniques it is essential to have a full understanding of the properties of the various Escherichia coli host strains commonly used for the propagation and manipulation of recombinant DNA. E. coli is an enteric rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium with a circular genome of 4.6 Mb (1). It was originally chosen as a model system because of its ability to grow on chemically defined media and its rapid growth rate. In rich media, during the exponential phase of its growth, E. coli doubles every 20–30 min; thus, during an overnight incubation period, a single selected organism will double enough times to yield a colony on an agar plate, or 1–2 billion cells per milliliter of liquid media. The ease of its trans-formability and genetic manipulation has subsequently solidified the role of E. coli as the host of choice for the propagation, manipulation, and characterization of recombinant DNA. In the past 60 yr E. coli has been the subject of intensive research and more is now known about these bacilli than any other organisms on earth.
Acrylate Functionalized Tetraalkylammonium Salts with Ionic Liquid Properties (2012)

Acrylate functionalized ionic liquids based on tetraalkylammonium salts with terminal acrylates- and methylacrylates were synthesized. Melting points and ionic conductivity of twenty compounds in six groups were determined. Within one group the effect of three different counterions was investigated and discussed. The groups differ in cationic structure elements because of their functional groups such as acrylate and methacrylate, alkyl residues at the nitrogen and number of quaternary ammonium atoms within the organic cation. The effect of these cationic structure elements has been examined concerning the compiled parameters with a view to qualifying them as components for solid state electrolytes. The newly synthesized ionic liquids were characterized by NMR and FTIR analysis. The exchange of halide ions like bromide as counter ions to weakly coordinating [PF₆]⁻, [OTf]⁻ or [TFSI]⁻ reduces the melting points significantly and leads to an ion conductivity of about 10⁻⁴ S/cm at room temperature. In the case of the dicationic ionic liquid, an ion conductivity of about 10⁻³ S/cm was observed.
Gated Graph Sequence Neural Networks (2015)

Graph-structured data appears frequently in domains including chemistry, natural language semantics, social networks, and knowledge bases. In this work, we study feature learning techniques for graph-structured inputs. Our starting point is previous work on Graph Neural Networks (Scarselli et al., 2009), which we modify to use gated recurrent units and modern optimization techniques and then extend to output sequences. The result is a flexible and broadly useful class of neural network models that has favorable inductive biases relative to purely sequence-based models (e.g., LSTMs) when the problem is graph-structured. We demonstrate the capabilities on some simple AI (bAbI) and graph algorithm learning tasks. We then show it achieves state-of-the-art performance on a problem from program verification, in which subgraphs need to be matched to abstract data structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the 3‐Hydroxy Oxiracetam Enantiomers, Potential Nootropic Drugs. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The selection and application of an IIR adaptive filter for use in active sound attenuation (1987)

The use of infinite impulse response (IIR) adaptive filters has lagged behind that of finite impulse response (FIR) adaptive filters. This has been due, in part, to the increased complexity of IIR filters and the potential for instability that exists due to the presence of poles in the transfer function. This paper discusses the use of adaptive filters for the active cancellation of acoustic noise. It is shown that IIR filters possess certain characteristics that are highly desirable for this problem. The selection of an appropriate IIR adaptive algorithm is discussed using observability considerations. It is shown that the recursive least mean square (RLMS) algorithm of Feintuch possesses significant advantages for use in a practical active attentuation system. Results are presented from computer simulations as well as an actual system using a TI TMS32010 digital signal processing microprocessor.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Services at Kyushu University Hospital in Japan (1990)

Quantitative evaluation of the therapeutic drug monitoring services (TDMS) provided in Kyushu University Hospital from August 1981 to April 1989 was performed. Since 1982, the annual number of assay requests was about 4300-4400, but the annual number of clinical pharmacokinetic consultation services (CPCS) showed a tendency to increase. Antiepileptics were the drugs for which CPCS were most often performed (26.3 percent of the population given drugs for which TDMS was available); digoxin, lithium, and theophylline followed. Preparation of one consultation required 1.5-2.5 hours. Our TDMS team consists of eight members. In 1988, the average time per week spent for CPCS and TDMS was 8.2 and 11.3 hours per member, respectively. Thus, the number of pharmacists performing CPCS and TDMS was 1.2 and 1.7 full-time equivalents, respectively.
Field emission from vertically aligned indium tin oxide tip array (2009)

A novel fabrication method of high aspect ratio indium tin oxide (ITO) nano tip array which has the advantage of controlling their position and shape is proposed using a conventional lithography with a modification and pyrolysis. Field emission experiment shows the linear relation of Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) curve.
Oil Agglomeration of Coal in Inorganic Salt Solutions (1988)

Abstract Coal fines were suspended in water or in salt solutions for agglomeration with either heptane or paraffin oil. Coal recovery with a limited amount of oil was found to increase markedly as the salt concentration was raised. The increase in recovery appeared due to compression of the electrical double layer surrounding individual coal particles and oil droplets. The recovery was observed to depend on the pH of the suspension with the greatest recovery occurring at the isoelectric point. When a mixture of hydrophobic coal particles and kaolin particles was suspended in 1.5 M sodium chloride and agglomerated with paraffin oil at a level of 0.065 goil/gcoal, 95% of the coal was recovered and over 90% of the kaolin was rejected. This recovery was 265% greater than the recovery achieved by suspending the mixture in water and agglomerating it with the same amount of oil. These results show that the use of salt solutions in the oil agglomeration process can result in reduced oil consumption
Digital Domain Power Division Multiplexed Dual Polarization Coherent Optical OFDM Transmission (2018)

Abstract Capacity is the eternal pursuit for communication systems due to the overwhelming demand of bandwidth hungry applications. As the backbone infrastructure of modern communication networks, the optical fiber transmission system undergoes a significant capacity growth over decades by exploiting available physical dimensions (time, frequency, quadrature, polarization and space) of the optical carrier for multiplexing. For each dimension, stringent orthogonality must be guaranteed for perfect separation of independent multiplexed signals. To catch up with the ever-increasing capacity requirement, it is therefore interesting and important to develop new multiplexing methodologies relaxing the orthogonal constraint thus achieving better spectral efficiency and more flexibility of frequency reuse. Inspired by the idea of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme, here we propose a digital domain power division multiplexed (PDM) transmission technology which is fully compatible with current dual polarization (DP) coherent optical communication system. The coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) modulation has been employed owing to its great superiority on high spectral efficiency, flexible coding, ease of channel estimation and robustness against fiber dispersion. And a PDM-DP-CO-OFDM system has been theoretically and experimentally demonstrated with 100 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission over 1440 km standard single mode fibers (SSMFs).
Experimental free energy surfaces reveal the mechanisms of maintenance of protein solubility (2011)

The identification of the factors that enable normally folded proteins to remain in their soluble and functional states is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of any biological system. We have determined a series of energy landscapes of the acylphosphatase from Drosophila melanogaster under a variety of conditions by combining NMR measurements with restrained molecular dynamics simulations. We thus analyzed the differences in the structures, dynamics, and energy surfaces of the protein in its soluble state or in situations where it aggregates through conformational states that have native-like structure, folding stability, and enzymatic activity. The study identifies the nature of the energy barriers that under normal physiological conditions prevent the protein ensemble from populating dangerous aggregation-prone states. We found that such states, although similar to the native conformation, have altered surface charge distribution, alternative topologies of the β-sheet region, and modified solvent exposure of hydrophobic surfaces and aggregation-prone regions of the sequence. The identified barriers allow the protein to undergo functional dynamics while remaining soluble and without a significant risk of misfolding and aggregation into nonfunctional and potentially toxic species.
Spiking-YOLO: Spiking Neural Network for Real-time Object Detection. (2019)

Over the past decade, deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in a variety of applications. As we try to solve more advanced problems, increasing demands for computing and power resources has become inevitable. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have attracted widespread interest as the third-generation of neural networks due to their event-driven and low-powered nature. SNNs, however, are difficult to train, mainly owing to their complex dynamics of neurons and non-differentiable spike operations. Furthermore, their applications have been limited to relatively simple tasks such as image classification. In this study, we investigate the performance degradation of SNNs in a more challenging regression problem (i.e., object detection). Through our in-depth analysis, we introduce two novel methods: channel-wise normalization and signed neuron with imbalanced threshold, both of which provide fast and accurate information transmission for deep SNNs. Consequently, we present a first spiked-based object detection model, called Spiking-YOLO. Our experiments show that Spiking-YOLO achieves remarkable results that are comparable (up to 98%) to those of Tiny YOLO on non-trivial datasets, PASCAL VOC and MS COCO. Furthermore, Spiking-YOLO on a neuromorphic chip consumes approximately 280 times less energy than Tiny YOLO and converges 2.3 to 4 times faster than previous SNN conversion methods.
Characterization of rhizobia isolated from leguminous plants and their impact on the growth of ICCV 2 variety of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (2021)

Six rhizobia-like-bacterial strains in total, secluded from the root and stem nodules of various leguminous plants were characterized for growth promoting ability on ICCV 2 variety of chickpea. Bacterial strains showed production of IAA, NH<sub>3</sub>, siderophore, HCN, ACC deaminase, hydrolytic enzyme production such as chitinase, amylase, protease, lipase, β-1, 3-glucanase and solubilization of nutrients such as phosphate, zinc and potassium. However the performance of PGP traits characterized <i>in-vitro</i> varied among the six bacterial strains. The sequences of 16S rRNA gene of bacterial strains IHSR, IHRG, IHAA, IHGN-3, IHCP-1 and IHCP-2 showed maximum identity with <i>Rhizobium</i> sp., <i>Rhizobium tropici</i>, <i>Rhizobium multihospitium</i>, <i>Mesorhizobium</i> sp., <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> and <i>Rhizobium pusense</i>. In plate culture conditions the bacterial strains changed the colour of media (NFB) from green to blue and showed amplification of <i>nifH</i> gene by PCR, and also enhanced nodule formation in chickpea under greenhouse conditions, which explains their nitrogen fixing ability. Scanning electron microscopy studies of chickpea roots showed colonization by all the six bacterial strains in solo and by consortium (IHRG + IHGN-3). Under greenhouse conditions, chickpea plants inoculated with different strains showed improvement in plant height, number of branches, total chlorophyll, nodule number, nodule weight, shoot weight, root weight, root volume and root surface area at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) over the uninoculated control plants. It was also observed at the crop maturity stage all the bacterial strains inoculated separately enhanced pod number, seed number and total NPK compared to uninoculated control plants. This study suggests that bacteria associated with root and stem nodules can be a promising resource to enhance nodulation, PGP and crop yields in chickpea.
ChemInform Abstract: Antineoplastic Agents. Part 306. Isolation and Crystal Structure of Stylopeptide 1, a New Marine Porifera Cycloheptapeptide. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
LONG-CHAIN SPECIFIC ENZYME FROM MEDIUM-CHAIN ACYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE (1994)

published