gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Milk Contamination and Resistance to Processing Conditions Determine the Fate of Lactococcus lactis Bacteriophages in Dairies (2004)

Milk contamination by phages, the susceptibility of the phages to pasteurization, and the high levels of resistance to phage infection of starter strains condition the evolution dynamics of phage populations in dairy environments. Approximately 10% (83 of 900) of raw milk samples contained phages of the quasi-species c2 (72%), 936 (24%), and P335 (4%). However, 936 phages were isolated from 20 of 24 (85%) whey samples, while c2 was detected in only one (4%) of these samples. This switch may have been due to the higher susceptibility of c2 to pasteurization (936-like phages were found to be approximately 35 times more resistant than c2 strains to treatment of contaminated milk in a plate heat exchanger at 72 degrees C for 15 s). The restriction patterns of 936-like phages isolated from milk and whey were different, indicating that survival to pasteurization does not result in direct contamination of the dairy environment. The main alternative source of phages (commercial bacterial starters) does not appear to significantly contribute to phage contamination. Twenty-four strains isolated from nine starter formulations were generally resistant to phage infection, and very small progeny were generated upon induction of the lytic cycle of resident prophages. Thus, we postulate that a continuous supply of contaminated milk, followed by pasteurization, creates a factory environment rich in diverse 936 phage strains. This equilibrium would be broken if a particular starter strain turned out to be susceptible to infection by one of these 936-like phages, which, as a consequence, became prevalent.
Optical Quantification of Collagen and Breast Cancer: Lesion Classification and Risk Estimate (2018)

Collagen content quantified through 7-wavelength (635-1060 nm) time domain diffuse optical mammography in 200 women proved key to discriminate malignant from benign breast lesions, to measure breast density, and to estimate breast cancer risk.
All-optical signal processing using dynamic Brillouin gratings (2013)

The manipulation of dynamic Brillouin gratings in optical fibers is demonstrated to be an extremely flexible technique to achieve, with a single experimental setup, several all-optical signal processing functions. In particular, all-optical time differentiation, time integration and true time reversal are theoretically predicted, and then numerically and experimentally demonstrated. The technique can be exploited to process both photonic and ultra-wide band microwave signals, so enabling many applications in photonics and in radio science.
Phase II study of cobolimab in combination with dostarlimab for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. (2023)

580 Background: Immunotherapy is the backbone of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) systemic treatments. Preclinical studies have shown that the combination of anti-TIM-3 antibody and anti-PD-1 antibody is more effective than either therapy alone. Early clinical experience shows that the combination of cobolimab (anti-TIM-3) and dostarlimab (anti-PD-1) can be safely administered. Herein we report an interim update to this phase II, single arm study of cobolimab and dostarlimab in patients with untreated advanced HCC. We hypothesize that this combination immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy will increase the overall response rate (ORR) of patients from 20% (historical control) to 35%. Methods: In total, 42 patients with histologically confirmed, Barcelona Clinic Liver cancer (BCLC) stage B or C HCC will be enrolled on to this trial. Patients receive cobolimab 300 mg and dostarlimab 500 mg on day 1 of each 21-day cycle for up to two years or until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or patient withdrawal. CT or MRI is performed every 9 weeks to assess clinical response. The primary objective is to assess ORR. Results: At the cutoff date of September 1, 2022, 16 patients had been enrolled and received at least one dose of cobolimab and dostarlimab. The median age was 68 years (range 44 – 84); most were male (n=15); 5 were White, 5 Native Hawaiian, 4 Asian, and 2 other races. 3 patients had stage BCLC B and 13 had stage BCLC C disease; 1 had Hep B and 5 had Hep C; and 14 were Child Pugh A and 2 Child Pugh B. This interim analysis for efficacy includes 13 patients who had at least one post-baseline tumor assessment (or clinical progression or died). Complete response was seen in 1 patient, partial response in 5 patients (ORR 46%), stable disease in 3 patients (23%), and disease progression in 4 patients (31%). Of the 7 patients with an elevated AFP at baseline, 4 (57%) had a decrease in AFP level by greater than 50%. There was one grade 4 treatment-related adverse event (AE) of neutropenia. Grade 1/2 AEs included pruritus, rash, fatigue, hypothyroidism, and elevated AST and ALT. Conclusions: Interim results indicate that the combination of cobolimab and dostarlimab has acceptable safety with encouraging clinical activity as first line treatment in patient with advanced HCC. To our knowledge, this is the first report of clinically meaningful efficacy of a TIM-3 antibody in combination with a PD-1 antibody in patients with HCC. Clinical trial information: NCT03680508 .
MRI temperature mapping during thermal balloon angioplasty (2006)

Knowledge on the thermal dose delivered during thermal balloon angioplasty (TBA) is desirable to understand why TBA's outcome varies widely among patients and why it is subject to high restenosis rates. In its conventional implementation, TBA involves injection of a heated medium into a balloon positioned within a stenotic blood vessel. The medium injection causes flow, motion and susceptibility-redistribution artefacts that are devastating to the proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) technique of MRI temperature mapping. Here, we propose to separate in time medium injection and heating by first inflating a balloon with a medium at an initial temperature, and then by heating the medium up using laser light. The separation is shown to eliminate all the mentioned artefacts and to enable real-time MRI temperature mapping using the PRFS technique. Accurate and reliable temperature maps were acquired in a TBA balloon itself and in the surrounding phantom tissue during heat application.
P1‐384: Analysis of Alcadein metabolic fragments in brain (2008)

Alcadein (Alc) comprise a family of evolutionarily conserved type I membrane proteins that are predominantly expressed in neuronal tissues. Alc has four isoforms in mammals: Alcα1 (971 amino acids in humans), Alcα2 (981 amino acids), Alcβ (956 amino acids) and Alcγ (955 amino acids) [1]. Alc is indirectly complexed with APP through cytoplasmic interaction with X11-like (X11L), and Alc and APP in the complex are resistant to proteolytic metabolism. In the absence of X11L, Alc is subjected to proteolytic metabolism via a mechanism that is highly similar to that of APP; Alc is immediately cleaved by serial proteolysis via APP α- and γ-secretase, generating a small peptide β-Alc (see S. Hata's presentation) that corresponds to Alc equivalent of the APP metabolite, p3. We prepared several antibodies to detect mouse and human β-Alcα (product of Alcα), β-Alcβ (product of Alcβ) and β-Alcγ (product of Alcγ). The levels of respective β-Alc species were explored in brain of mice and human objects by Western blotting and MALDI-TOF/MS analysis. Because it is proposed that Alc and APP are metabolized in a coordinated fashion [2] and both proteins show similar function in neuron [3], alterations of β-Alc peptide in quantity and quality may reflect to pathogenic state in brain such as alterations of Aβ generation. Therefore, it is important to detect and quantify β-Alc in brain. From brain samples, we isolated β-Alc species, which were identical to β-Alc secreted from cells expressing Alc. These results indicate that Alc, in the brain, is cleaved at identical sites that we have determined by studies with cultured cells expressing Alc. Nature of β-Alc species is discussed.
Ferromagnetic transition ofSrRuO3in nanometer thick bilayers withYBa2Cu3Oy,La1.88Sr0.12CuO4−y, Au, and Cr: Signature of injected carriers in the pseudogap regime (2007)

The hypothesis regarding the existence of uncorrelated preformed pairs in the pseudogap regime of superconducting $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{y}$ is tested experimentally using bilayers of $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{y}$ and the itinerant ferromagnet $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. In our study, we monitor the influence of $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{y}$ on ${T}_{p}$, the ferromagnetic ordering temperature of $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. Here, ${T}_{p}$ is the temperature of maximum $dM∕dT$ or $dR∕dT$, where $M$ and $R$ are the magnetization and resistance of $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, respectively. We compare the results with similar measurements carried out on bilayers of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.88}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.12}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{4\ensuremath{-}y}$, Au, and Cr with $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. We find that in bilayers made of underdoped $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{y}∕5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, the ${T}_{p}$ values are shifted to lower temperatures by up to $6--8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ as compared to ${T}_{p}\ensuremath{\approx}140\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ of the $5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ thick reference $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ film. In contrast, in the other type of bilayers, which are not in the pseudogap regime near ${T}_{p}$, only a smaller shift of up to $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ is observed. These differences are discussed in terms of a proximity effect, where carriers from the $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{y}$ layer are injected into the $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ layer and vice versa. We suggest that correlated electrons in the pseudogap regime of $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{y}$ are responsible for the observed large ${T}_{p}$ shifts.
The inhibitory effect of heat treatment against epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines (2014)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in cancer metastasis. In this study, we evaluated the effect of heat treatment on tumor growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT in pancreatic cancer cells and tried to ascertain the mechanism related to any observed effects. Human pancreatic cancer cell lines (BxPC-3, PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2) were stimulated by TGF-β1, and evaluated for morphological changes using immunofluorescence and EMT-related factors (i.e., E-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail or ZEB-1) using RT-PCR. To examine the effect of heat on EMT, the cancer cells were heat-treated at 43°C for 1 h then stimulated with TGF-β1. We then evaluated whether or not heat treatment changed the expression of EMT-related factors and cell migration and also whether Smad activation was inhibited in TGF-β signaling. After being treated with TGF-β1, pancreatic cancer cells resulted in EMT and cell migration was enhanced. Heat treatment inhibited TGF-β1-induced changes in morphology, inhibited the expression of EMT-related factors, and attenuated TGF-β1-induced migration in pancreatic cancer cells. Additionally, we observed that heat treatment blocked TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 in PANC-1 cells. Our results suggest that heat treatment can suppress TGF-β1-induced EMT and opens the possibility of a new therapeutic use of hyperthermia as a potential treatment for cancer metastasis.
High-pressure behavior ofAs2O3: Amorphous-amorphous and crystalline-amorphous transitions (2008)

The room temperature compression of ${\text{As}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}$ has been studied by in situ diamond anvil cell Raman and x-ray diffraction up to a pressure of 35 GPa. Upon compression, we discovered a crystal-to-amorphous transition in arsenolite, while claudetite, which is another crystalline polymorph of ${\text{As}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}$, remains crystalline up to at least 40 GPa. We have also observed an amorphous-amorphous transition in ${\text{As}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}$ glass at 25 GPa. This transition is characterized by a dramatic change in the Raman spectrum, which is reversible upon decompression. In situ diamond anvil cell x-ray diffraction of ${\text{As}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}$ glass reveals that the amorphous-amorphous transition is associated with an increase in the arsenic coordination. The amorphous-amorphous transition is reversible with little hysteresis.
On the Detection of Unauthorized Drones—Techniques and Future Perspectives: A Review (2022)

The market size of civilian drones is tremendously increasing and is expected to reach 1.66 million by the end of 2023. The increase in number of civilian drones poses several privacy and security threats. To safeguard critical assets and infrastructure and to protect privacy of people from the illegitimate uses of commercial drones, a drone detection system is inevitable. In particular, there is a need for a drone detection system that is efficient, accurate, robust, cost-effective and scalable. Recognizing the importance of the problem, several drone detection approaches have been proposed over time. However, none of these provides sufficient performance due to the inherited limitations of the underlying detection technology. More specifically, there are trade-offs among various performance metrics e.g., accuracy, detection range, and robustness against environmental conditions etc. This motivates an in-depth study and critical analysis of the existing approaches, highlighting their potential benefits and limitations. In this paper, we provide a rigorous overview of the existing drone detection techniques and a critical review of the state-of-the-art. Based on the review, we provide key insights on the future drone detection systems. We believe these insights will provide researchers and practicing engineers a holistic view to understand the broader context of the drone detection problem.
GAYE: a face recognition system (2004)

In this paper, a new face recognition system, GAYE, is presented. GAYE is a fully automatic system that detects and recognizes faces in cluttered scenes. The input of the system is any digitized image/image sequence that includes face/faces. The basic building blocks of the system are face detection, feature extraction and feature comparison. Face detection is based on skin color segmentation. For feature extraction, a novel approach is proposed that depends on the Gabor wavelet transform of the face image. By comparing facial feature vectors system finally makes a decision if the incoming person is recognized or not. Real time system tests show that GAYE achieves a recognition ratio over %90.
Antiferromagnetic resonance in Rb[sub 1]C[sub 60] (1998)

High-frequency (94 and 140 GHz) ESR was used to investigate the magnetic properties of the low-dimensional conductor Rb1C60. Below 35 K new features of the electron spin resonance are distinguished from the CESR signal of the conducting phase. The analysis of the resonance linewidth and line shift allows a clear identification of a frequency-dependent antiferromagnetic resonance line (AFMR) below 25 K. The characteristic temperature TN for the ordering transition is 25 K. Between 25 K<T<35 K precursor effects are observed. The temperature dependence of the order parameter, i.e., the sublattice magnetization, was determined from first and second moment of the AFMR. The results are compatible with a 3D magnetic ordering.
Effects of combined dietary administration ofRhodotorulasp. H26 andBacillussp. BC26 on growth, immunity and intestinal microbiota in juvenile sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus (2018)

A 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of combined oral administration of the yeast Rhodotorula sp. H26 and bacterium Bacillus sp. BC26 on growth, digestive enzyme activity, body composition, immunity, and intestinal microbiota in the juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Sea cucumbers were divided into four groups and received one of the following diets: BD) basal diet; H) H26; B) BC26; HB) H26 + BC26. After feeding for 4 and/or 8 weeks, sea cucumbers fed the HB diet showed a significant increase in specific growth rate, pepsin, trypsin, amylase, and lipase activities, and body wall crude protein, carbohydrate, arachidonic and adrenic acids contents compared with the BD and/or single probiont (H26 and/or BC26) groups. Feeding the mixture significantly improved phagocytic activity and respiratory burst of the coelomocytes, and lysozyme activity and phenoloxidase activity of the coelomic fluid supernatant and coelomocyte lysate supernatant compared with the BD and and/or single probiont (H26 and/or BC26) groups. Gel electrophoresis revealed that the mixture of H26 and BC26 did not significantly affect the composition of intestinal microbiota. These data suggest that a mixture of H26 and BC26 supplementation can improve the growth, enhance digestive enzyme activity, add nutritional value, and stimulate the innate immune system of sea cucumber juveniles.
The contribution of hydrogen bonding to the photomechanical response of azobenzene-functionalized polyamides (2018)

Photomechanical effects in materials can directly convert light stimulus into mechanical work.
Estimation and Visualization of Sagittal Kinematics of Lower Limbs Orientation Using Body-Fixed Sensors (2006)

A new method of estimating lower limbs orientations using a combination of accelerometers and gyroscopes is presented. The model is based on estimating the accelerations of ankle and knee joints by placing virtual sensors at the centers of rotation. The proposed technique considers human locomotion and biomechanical constraints, and provides a solution to fusing the data of gyroscopes and accelerometers that yields stable and drift-free estimates of segment orientation. The method was validated by measuring lower limb motions of eight subjects, walking at three different speeds, and comparing the results with a reference motion measurement system. The results are very close to those of the reference system presenting very small errors (Shank: rms = 1.0, Thigh: rms = 1.6 degrees) and excellent correlation coefficients (Shank: r = 0.999, Thigh: r = 0.998). Technically, the proposed ambulatory system is portable, easily mountable, and can be used for long-term monitoring without hindrance to natural activities. Finally, a gait analysis tool was designed to visualize the motion data as synthetic skeletons performing the same actions as the subjects.
Unsupervised Threshold Autoencoder to Analyze and Understand Sentence Elements (2018)

Analysis of legal and contract documents often requires both the discovery of document structure, as well as the accurate identification of important elements such as party (buyer, supplier), nature (obligation, right) and category (warranties, delivery, etc.). Hence, exploring novel features that lead to better element classification accuracy as well as better document structure discovery is particularly important. In this paper, we develop and present novel unsupervised learning techniques to analyze a large scale corpus of contract documents with the goal of learning and deriving new features to enhance classification accuracy over the elements of interest, and to extract relevant features leading to meaningful clusterings over contract structures. Particularly, we propose a novel t-threshold autoencoder neural network that flexibly controls the number of active neurons in response to sentences of different lengths at the network's input. Such an adaptive sparseness threshold enforces competition and specialization among encoding neurons and hence results in better features learning. We also present an extension of the convolutional neural network classifier that allows for the incorporation of these novel augmented features and show that higher classification accuracies over various classes of contract elements can be achieved. We further present a practical pipeline of deriving features from contract documents along with a clustering solution based on the K-means algorithm that leads to the separation among different types of sentences in the contract documents. We empirically demonstrate the performance of our developed techniques on a novel data corpus of Software Procurement contracts.
Elliptical Metasurface Cloaks for Decoupling and Cloaking of Microstrip Monopole Antennas at 28 GHz and 39 GHz for 5G Wireless Applications (2020)

In order to curtail mutual coupling between two closely spaced microstrip monopole antennas operating at frequencies 28 GHz and 39 GHz, the concept of electromagnetic cloaking is applied by utilizing elliptical metasurfaces. In this paper, we show that by enveloping the monopole antennas with the specifically engineered metasurface cloaks, not only is there a significant reduction in the mutual electromagnetic interaction but also restoration in the radiation patterns are observed, as if the antennas were completely isolated from each other. The decoupling effect is seen in the reduction of mutual S-parameters. This enables the antennas to radiate independently even though they are placed in a very close proximity.
Low-Temperature Properties of Renewable High-Density Fuel Blends (2012)

The low-temperature properties of high-density terpene dimer fuels and fuel mixtures with JP-8, JP-10, and hydrogenated pinene have been studied by shear viscometry and thermomechanical analysis (TMA). Neat terpene dimers have a viscosity of 3.94 × 103 mPa·s at −10 °C, while 50:50 mixtures with JP-10, RJ-4, pinane, and JP-8 have viscosities 2–3 orders of magnitude lower at 23.9, 53.0, 24.9, and 3.7 mPa·s, respectively. Linear and branched alkanes in JP-8 disrupt glass formation of the dimers, explaining the significant difference between the viscosity afforded by bicyclic diluents and JP-8. To complement the viscosity data, TMA was used to observe low-temperature transitions (Tm and Tg) of the blended fuels. Mixtures of the terpene dimers with cyclic molecules show only glass transition temperatures with no observable melting points, while mixtures with JP-8 and decane show Tg values that transition to melting points at high concentrations of terpene dimers. The results suggest that blending conventional fuels with terpene dimers is an effective strategy for mitigating the high viscosity of the C20 molecules. In addition, blending these renewable fuels with conventional jet fuel (JP-8) imparts both a higher density as well as an improved volumetric net heat of combustion while maintaining an acceptable low-temperature viscosity when compared to JP-8 alone.
Biotinylation and assessment of membrane polarity: caveats and methodological concerns (1995)

Studies of epithelial membrane polarity have been greatly facilitated through the use of the N-hydroxysuccinimide-biotin surface labeling technique (M. Sargiacomo, M. Lisanti, L. Graeve, A. Le Bivic, and E. Rodriguez-Boulan. J. Membr. Biol. 107: 277-286, 1989). We have used this technique in studies on the sorting and targeting of ion-transporting adenosinetriphosphatase molecules in polarized epithelial cells. Through efforts to optimize this technique in our experimental system, we have encountered several experimental conditions and circumstances where biotinylation is extremely inefficient and the assessment of membrane polarity which it provides is misleading. We demonstrate that the pH and ionic strength of the biotinylation buffer can dramatically affect biotin incorporation and that protocol-dependent variations in the recovery of biotinylated proteins can result in misrepresentation of the actual apical/basolateral distribution of a protein. Conditions and protocols that may improve the sensitivity and accuracy of this technique are discussed.