gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of the modification of gas diffusion electrodes by organic redox catalysts for hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis (2008)

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo da eficincia eletroqumica na eletrogerao de perxido de hidrognio in situ usando eletrodos da difuso gasosa modificados com os catalisadores orgnicos redox: 2-etilantraquinona, 2-terc-butilantraquinona e azobenzeno em meio de 0,1 mol L -1 H 2 SO 4 + 0,1 mol L -1 K 2 SO 4 , pH = 1. A produo de perxido de hidrognio est diretamente relacionada ao potencial aplicado e a concentrao dos catalisadores adicionados. A modificao dos eletrodos resultou em um aumento significativo no rendimento de H 2 O 2 (30%) alcanando 850 mg L -1 e o sobrepotencial da reao de reduo do oxignio foi deslocado para valores menos negativos (400 mV vs Ag/AgCl para os eletrodos modificados com quinonas e 300 mV vs. Ag/AgCl para os eletrodos modificados com azobenzeno) comparado ao eletrodo de difuso gasosa no modificado, reduzindo o consumo de energia de 596,5 para 232,4 kWh kg -1 . Os resultados indicaram que o melhor eletrodo para a eletrogerao do H 2 O 2 o eletrodo de difuso gasosa modificado com 10% de 2-etilantraquinona, o qual apresentou a melhor relao custo/benefcio. This paper reports a comparative study of the electrochemical performance of in situ hydrogen peroxide electrogeneration on gas diffusion electrodes modified by organic redox catalysts 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-terc-butylanthraquinone and azobenzene in medium of 0.1 mol L -1 H 2 SO 4 plus 0.1 mol L -1 K 2 SO 4 , pH = 1. Hydrogen peroxide generation proved strongly dependent on the applied potential and on the concentration of added catalysts. Electrode modifications led to a significant increase in H 2 O 2 yield (30%) reaching 850 mg L -1 , and the overpotential for oxygen reduction shifted to less negative values (400 mV vs Ag/AgCl for electrodes modified by quinones and 300 mV vs Ag/AgCl for electrodes modified by azobenzene) compared to noncatalyzed gas diffusion electrodes, resulting in reduced energy consumption of 596.5 to 232.4 kWh kg -1 . The results indicated that the best electrode for H 2 O 2 electrogeneration is the gas diffusion electrode modified with 10% of 2-ethylanthraquinone, offering the best cost to benefit ratio.
Ultra-short pulse generation for soliton transmission using electroabsorption modulators (1993)

Abstract A simple and stable technique of optical short pulse generation for soliton transmission based on external modulation is reviewe.By using nonlinearity of absorption characteristics of an electroabsorption modulator, ultra-short optical pulse trains having a shape close to sech2 shape can be generated just with sinusoidal modulation, without ultra-short driving pulses and ultra-broad bandwidth of the modulator. The pulse width and the repetition rate can be varied by changing the electrical driving conditions. Quasi-transform-limited optical pulseswith time-bandwidth product of 0.32 were successfully generated by the sinusoidally driven InGaAsP electroabsorption modulator with up to 20 GHz repetition rate. An application of a λ/4-shifted DFB laser-electroabsorption modulator integrated light source to a single-chip soliton source is also described. The high quality of the modulator-generator pulses has been proven by long-distance soliton transmission over 6400 km at 2.5 Gb/s using a recirculating fiber loop.
Modeling assembled-MEMS microrobots for wireless magnetic control (2008)

Capitalizing on advances in CMOS and MEMS technologies, microrobots have the potential to dramatically change many aspects of medicine by navigating bodily fluids to perform targeted diagnosis and therapy. Onboard energy storage and actuation is very difficult at the microscale, but externally applied magnetic fields provide an unparalleled means of wireless power and control. Recent results have provided a model for accurate real-time control of soft-magnetic bodies with axially symmetric geometries. In this paper, we extend the model to consider the real-time control of assembled-MEMS devices that may have significantly more complex geometries. We validate the model through FEM and experiments. The model captures the characteristics of complex 3-D structures and allows us, for the first time, to consider full 6-DOF control of untethered devices, which can act as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">vivo</i> microrobots or as end-effectors of micromanipulation systems.
REQUIREMENTS FOR RADIATION EMERGENCY URINE BIOASSAY TECHNIQUES FOR THE PUBLIC AND FIRST RESPONDERS (2010)

Following a radiation emergency, the affected public and the first responders may need to be quickly assessed for internal contamination by the radionuclides involved. Urine bioassay is one of the most commonly used methods for assessing radionuclide intake and radiation dose. This paper attempts to derive the sensitivity requirements (from inhalation exposure) for the urine bioassay techniques for the top 10 high-risk radionuclides that might be used in a terrorist attack. The requirements are based on a proposed reference dose to adults of 0.1 Sv (CED, committed effective dose). In addition, requirements related to sample turnaround time and field deployability of the assay techniques are also discussed. A review of currently available assay techniques summarized in this paper reveals that method development for ²⁴¹Am, ²²⁶Ra, ²³⁸Pu, and ⁹⁰Sr urine bioassay is needed.
Local Pulse Wave Detection Using Continuous Wave Radar Systems (2017)

Although a lot of research has been done into radar-based heartbeat detection over the past few years, it is still unknown which physiological effects truly underlie these measurement signals. This paper investigates the cardiovascular system, as well as the effects due to the antenna characteristics, and establishes a connection to the variety of heartbeat signals that can be found in comparable publications. For the first time, the cause of the diverging signal shapes is researched, revealing the locally specific pulse wave curves named sphygmograms. Three different types are investigated: the carotid, the venous, and the ventricle sphygmogram. Verification of the measured signal shapes is ensured by a laser sensor. Afterward, the influence of the filtering on the sphygmograms is researched, as well as the influence of the antenna characteristics on the radar signal. Finally, all novel insights are combined to substantiate the variety of published heartbeat signal curves.
Neighboring Group Participation by Chromium in Substitution Reactions of (η6-Arene)tricarbonylchromium Complexes (2001)

(η6-Arene)tricarbonylchromium complexes with leaving groups at the β- or γ-positions undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions with net retention of stereochemistry via neighboring group participation from the coordinatively saturated chromium atom.
Rotavirus epidemiology in Vellore, south India: group, subgroup, serotype, and electrophoretype (1988)

Rotaviruses were detected in 163 of 916 (17.8%) specimens collected from children under 3 years of age with gastroenteritis in Vellore, South India, between August 1983 and July 1985. Rotaviruses were detected throughout the study period, with a peak prevalence in December to February (winter) and June to August (southwest monsoon season). A total of 117 rotavirus strains were tested for subgroup, serotype, and rotavirus double-stranded RNA electrophoretic migration pattern; 24.8% of the strains were subgroup I, 69.2% were subgroup II, and 6.0% were neither subgroup I nor subgroup II. Subgroup I and II strains were circulating concurrently throughout the study. Of the 117 rotavirus strains, 32 (27.4%) were serotyped; 15 were serotype 1, 3 were serotype 2, 2 were serotype 3, and 12 were serotype 4. Three serotypes were circulating concurrently during the periods of peak rotavirus prevalence. In 100 of the 117 strains (85.4%) an RNA pattern was detected. One unusual subgroup I group A rotavirus with a long migration pattern and four atypical rotaviruses serologically related to group C were also detected.
Probing Three Distinct Crystal Polymorphs of Melt-Crystallized Polyamide 6 by an Integrated Fast Scanning Calorimetry Chip System (2021)

Isothermal crystallization of polyamide 6 (PA6) was studied using a state-of-the-art modified fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) chip over a wide temperature range. Microfocus FTIR spectroscopy was carried out to collect temperature-dependent spectra of PA6 directly on the FSC chip. The changes observed in amide- and methylene-related bands provide direct evidence of three crystalline modifications in PA6 from melt crystallization. The melt-crystallized PA6 was found to develop the mesomorphic β-phase below 105 °C and the α-phase above 150 °C. It has been confirmed that the γ-phase coexists with the β- or α-phase in the temperature region between 105 and 150 °C. Isothermal crystallization kinetics of PA6 in a wide temperature range were extracted directly from exothermic peaks and indirectly using the interruption method. A peculiar discontinuity in crystallization kinetics has been found in the transition region between the β- and γ-phases. In the same temperature region, a sudden transition from crystal aggregates to spherulitic morphology was captured by AFM. PA6 was cooled at rates from 10 to 2000 K/s before isothermal crystallization to mimic a full range of processing relevant conditions. A time–temperature–transformation diagram was built based on kinetic data to illustrate that the isothermal crystallization of PA6 is sensitive to the crystallization pathway. The novel platform built on a modified FSC chip is a powerful tool for the comprehensive study of polymer crystallization at processing-relevant conditions.
Letters to the Editor (1982)

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Fibrin-Targeted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Allows In Vivo Quantification of Thrombus Fibrin Content and Identifies Thrombi Amenable for Thrombolysis (2014)

MRI with a fibrin-specific contrast agent accurately estimates thrombus fibrin content in vivo and identifies thrombi that are amenable for thrombolysis.
Smart Polymers–Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications (2010)

Abstract Stimuli‐responsive or “smart” polymers undergo reversible phase separation from aqueous solutions triggered by small changes in the environment. The polymers are used in bioseparation (affinity precipitation, aqueous two‐phase polymer systems, smart chromatographic matrices responding to temperature), for production of smart surfaces for the mild detachment of cultivated mammalian cells, as a “chemical valve” regulating porosity of the system, as drug‐delivery systems, and for the development of microactuators and bioanalytical systems.
Guest Editors' Introduction: Dynamically Typed Languages (2007)

The languages discussed in this special issue have a long history, which is perhaps why some have had several different names over the years. One such language is Lisp, the second-oldest programming language. For years, many somewhat dismissively described languages such as Lisp as "scripting languages." Today, we more commonly refer to them as dynamically typed languages, typified by Python and Ruby, and their impact is arguably greater than ever. This issue highlights the practical uses of such languages and shows how they're frequently a vehicle for innovation in the development sphere. This article is part of a special issue on dynamically typed languages.
One Hundred and Twenty-Seven Cultured Human Tumor Cell Lines Producing Tumors in Nude Mice23 (1977)

One hundred and twenty-seven cultured human tumor cell lines produced tumors after sc inoculation of 1-20 million cells into nude mice. They included 56 carcinoma lines, 14 sarcoma lines, and 57 lines from miscellaneous tumors and were all glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase type B. Twenty-nine percent of the lines produced tumors of 1 cm3 size within 1 month and 41% in the second month after inoculation. The histopathology correlated with the human tumor of origin in all cases.
Activation of the C2 Position of Purine by the Trifluoromethanesulfonate Group: Synthesis of N2‐Alkylated Deoxyguanosines (1993)

The nucleophilic substitution of the OTf group in 1a, b by amines and aminoalcohols opens a new route to N2-alkylated deoxyguanosines. Starting from 1 a,b, biologically relevant N2-deoxyguanosine adducts of carcinogenic alkylating agents are obtained, for example the ultimate carcinogenic (±)-anti-dihydrodiolepoxide of benzo[a]pyrene. TBDMS = tert-butyldimethylsilyl. a: R1 = p-nitrophenylethyl, b: R1 = allyl; Tf = CF3SO2.
Efficient temporal compression in wireless sensor networks (2011)

Energy efficiency is critical in the design and deployment of wireless sensor networks. Data compression is a significant approach to reducing energy consumption of data gathering in multi-hop sensor networks. Existing compression algorithms, however, only apply to either lossless or lossy compression, but not to both. This paper presents a unified algorithmic framework to both lossless and lossy data compression, thus effectively supporting the desirable flexibility of choosing either lossless or lossy compression in an on-demand fashion based on given applications. We analytically prove that the performance of the proposed framework for lossless compression is superior to or at least equivalent to that of traditional predictive coding schemes regardless of any entropy encoders used. We demonstrate the merits of our proposed framework in comparison with other recently proposed compression algorithms for wireless sensor networks including LEC, S-LZW and LTC using various real-world sensor data sets.
Integrated approach to subsalt depth imaging: Synthetic case study (2002)

Prestack depth migration has become almost mandatory in areas of complex geology for reasons that are abundantly clear. In structurally complex media, CMP traveltime curves differ significantly from hyperbolae. Thus, when using standard time-processing techniques, we cannot produce a time section containing all information related to the medium that is in the prestack gathers.
ScalaGiST (2014)

MapReduce has become the state-of-the-art for data parallel processing. Nevertheless, Hadoop, an open-source equivalent of MapReduce, has been noted to have sub-optimal performance in the database context since it is initially designed to operate on raw data without utilizing any type of indexes. To alleviate the problem, we present ScalaGiST - scalable generalized search tree that can be seamlessly integrated with Hadoop, together with a cost-based data access optimizer for efficient query processing at run-time. ScalaGiST provides extensibility in terms of data and query types, hence is able to support unconventional queries (e.g., multi-dimensional range and k -NN queries) in MapReduce systems, and can be dynamically deployed in large cluster environments for handling big users and data. We have built ScalaGiST and demonstrated that it can be easily instantiated to common B + -tree and R-tree indexes yet for dynamic distributed environments. Our extensive performance study shows that ScalaGiST can provide efficient write and read performance, elastic scaling property, as well as effective support for MapReduce execution of ad-hoc analytic queries. Performance comparisions with recent proposals of specialized distributed index structures, such as SpatialHadoop, Data Mapping, and RT-CAN further confirm its efficiency.
Laser oscillation in leaky corrugated optical waveguides (1973)

The characteristics of laser action in leaky corrugated optical waveguides have been investigated using a spectroscopy technique which enables one to determine the guide index and vacuum wavelength differences of the oscillating modes. It is shown that an anomalous spatial beating phenomenon observed in the leaky waves coupled out through the side of the waveguide is due to laser oscillation on a hybrid guided mode where the feedback is provided by backward intermode diffraction. Also discussed are phenomena which can be utilized in multimode devices of this type to restrict the distributed-feedback laser oscillation to narrow-band polarized operation on the lowest-order waveguide mode.
Comparison of Stent-Retriever Devices versus the Merci Retriever for Endovascular Treatment of Acute Stroke (2012)

Patients treated with Trevo and Solitaire stents had a better revascularization rate, better clinical outcome, and lower complication rate than patients treated with the Merci retriever.
Bringing flexibility to virtual screening for enzymatic inhibitors on the grid (2008)

Virtual screening has become an important part of the drug discovery process. Grid computing facilitates this process by providing shared computational resources across different international institutions to run computationally intensive, scientific applications without the need for a centralized supercomputer. This study designed and implemented a flexible, scalable platform to perform a large virtual screening experiment on the PRAGMA grid testbed using the molecular docking simulation software DOCK 5.4. Using Opal OP to wrap DOCK as a grid service and PERL for data manipulation purposes, the “druglike” subset of the ZINC database, which contains 2,066,906 compounds, was successfully screened against the catalytic site of a protein tyrosine phosphatase. The screening required 11.56 days laboratory time and utilized 200 processors over 7 clusters. A ranked list of the best binding compounds to the phosphatase was generated and is currently being tested in biological applications for their efficacy and specificity.
Fragile X mental retardation protein interactions with a G quadruplex structure in the 3′-untranslated region of NR2B mRNA (2015)

Fragile X syndrome, the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability, is caused by a trinucleotide CGG expansion in the 5'-untranslated region of the FMR1 gene, which leads to the loss of expression of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FMRP, an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of specific mRNAs, has been shown to bind a subset of its mRNA targets by recognizing G quadruplex structures. It has been suggested that FMRP controls the local protein synthesis of several protein components of the post synaptic density (PSD) in response to specific cellular needs. We have previously shown that the interactions between FMRP and mRNAs of the PSD scaffold proteins PSD-95 and Shank1 are mediated via stable G-quadruplex structures formed within the 3'-untranslated regions of these mRNAs. In this study we used biophysical methods to show that a comparable G quadruplex structure forms in the 3'-untranslated region of the glutamate receptor subunit NR2B mRNA encoding for a subunit of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors that is recognized specifically by FMRP, suggesting a common theme for FMRP recognition of its dendritic mRNA targets.
Efficient Esterification of Long Chain Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids with Alcohols over ZrOCl2·8H2O Catalyst (2005)

Direct condensation of equimolar amounts of long chain carboxylic acids and alcohols could be achieved by using zirconyl chloride as an efficient catalyst. ZrOCl2·8H2O showed high activity for esterification between primary acids and alcohols; however, it was less active in the combination of branched acid and secondary alcohols to give the corresponding esters.
Automatic Adjustment of Pacemaker Stimulation Output Correlated with Continuously Monitored Capture Thresholds: A Multicenter Study (1998)

Pacing threshold is affected by many factors. A pacing system able to confirm capture at each beat and automatically adjust its output close to the actual pacing threshold is highly desirable. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of the Autocapture function of the Pacesetter Microny SR+. One hundred thirteen patients were recruited from 16 centers in 7 European countries and followed up for 1 year. All pacemakers were implanted with Pacesetter's low polarization, bipolar leads. The key feature of Autocapture is the immediate delivery of a 4.5 V safety backup pulse 62.5 ms after any ineffective ongoing low output pulse. Holter recordings confirmed total reliability of this feature without any exit block. The measured evoked response (ER) signal was stable over time. Acute and chronic pacing thresholds measured by VARIO and Autocapture tests correlated (r > 0.79) over the period of the study. The incidence of backup pulses was 1.1% during pacing. With Autocapture programmed ON, the overall total current consumption was 4.1 microA for VVI and 5.0 microA for VVIR pacing. This study proved that the Autocapture safely and reliably regulates the pacemaker's output according to the prevailing threshold thus providing maximum patient safety and prolonging service life.
Infections in the Liver Transplant Recipient (2012)

With improvements in immunosuppression for organ transplantation, infection has become the major challenge in transplant care, replacing rejection as the main cause for hospitalization. The course of infection reflects the more rapid progression and the attenuated inflammatory response of these hosts compared with that of immunocompetent individuals. An aggressive strategy to achieve a specific microbiologic diagnosis is essential to a successful outcome. Major improvements have been made in the prevention, diagnosis and therapy of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts, notably with routine deployment of molecular diagnostic assays. Strategies guiding the selection of empiric therapies must consider the wide array of potential pathogens and the potential for common drug interactions and toxicities. The timeline of post-transplant infections provides an approach to the differential diagnosis and the deployment of diagnostic assays and empiric therapies. Three post-transplant phases reflect early (nosocomial, technical, donor-derived), intermediate (opportunistic), and late (community acquired, malignancy, uncommon) infections. Individualized assessments of host immune functions will increasingly be used to assess infectious risk and as a basis for disease prevention strategies.