gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Procrastination Beats Prevention: Timely Sufficient Persistence for Efficient Crash Resilience (2015)

Preserving the integrity of application data across updates in the presence of failure is an essential function of computing systems, and byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM) broadens the range of fault-tolerance strategies that implement it. NVM invites database systems to manipulate durable data directly via load and store instructions, but overheads due to the widely used mechanisms that ensure consistent recovery from failures impair performance, e.g., the logging overheads of transactions. We introduce the concept of Timely Sucient Persistence (TSP) mechanisms, which is relevant to both conventional and emerging computer architectures. For a broad spectrum of faulttolerance requirements, satisfactory TSP mechanisms typically involve lower overheads during failure-free operation than their non-TSP counterparts; hardware and OS support can facilitate TSP mechanisms. We present TSP variants of programs representing two very di↵erent classes of sharedmemory multi-threaded software that store application data in persistent heaps: The first employs conventional mutexes for isolation, and TSP substantially reduces the overhead of a fault-tolerance mechanism based on fine-grained logging. The second class of software employs lock-free and wait-free algorithms; remarkably, TSP is very easy to retrofit onto a non-resilient design and enjoys zero runtime overhead .E xtensive experiments confirm that TSP yields robust crash resilience with substantially reduced overhead.
Three-dimensional structure of photosystem II determined by electron crystallography (2001)

Photosystem II (PSII) is a multi-subunit membrane protein complex which uses light energy to split water and produce oxygen. We have been studying its structure by electron crystallography. We have crystallised a dimeric PSII core complex in 2D and have previously described its projection structure at ~9 A resolution [1]. Here we describe the 3D structure of the complex at a resolution of ~10 A in plane. Within the map individual and paired transmembrane (TM) helices are identified. This enables us to assign each of the major subunits of the complex on the basis of the configuration of their TM helices in comparison to earlier studies of a smaller PSII complex [2] and homologous photosynthetic membrane protein assemblies. Additionally we identify a further 12 TM helices which correspond to small subunits of the PSII each of which is made up of a single TM helix. Current work is focused on the assignment of these subunits by improving the resolution of the analysis and by using labeling techniques.
HslV-HslU: A novel ATP-dependent protease complex in Escherichia coli related to the eukaryotic proteasome. (1996)

We have isolated a new type of ATP-dependent protease from Escherichia coli. It is the product of the heat-shock locus hslVU that encodes two proteins: HslV, a 19-kDa protein similar to proteasome beta subunits, and HslU, a 50-kDa protein related to the ATPase ClpX. In the presence of ATP, the protease hydrolyzes rapidly the fluorogenic peptide Z-Gly-Gly-Leu-AMC and very slowly certain other chymotrypsin substrates. This activity increased 10-fold in E. coli expressing heat-shock proteins constitutively and 100-fold in cells expressing HslV and HslU from a high copy plasmid. Although HslV and HslU could be coimmunoprecipitated from cell extracts of both strains with an anti-HslV antibody, these two components were readily separated by various types of chromatography. ATP stimulated peptidase activity up to 150-fold, whereas other nucleoside triphosphates, a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog, ADP, or AMP had no effect. Peptidase activity was blocked by the anti-HslV antibody and by several types of inhibitors of the eukaryotic proteasome (a threonine protease) but not by inhibitors of other classes of proteases. Unlike eukaryotic proteasomes, the HslVU protease lacked tryptic-like and peptidyl-glutamyl-peptidase activities. Electron micrographs reveal ring-shaped particles similar to en face images of the 20S proteasome or the ClpAP protease. Thus, HslV and HslU appear to form a complex in which ATP hydrolysis by HslU is essential for peptide hydrolysis by the proteasome-like component HslV.
In Vitro Antianaerobic Activity of Ertapenem (MK-0826) Compared to Seven Other Compounds (2002)

Ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, ceftriaxone, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, clindamycin, and metronidazole were agar dilution MIC tested against 431 anaerobes. Imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem were the most active beta-lactams (MICs at which 50% of the strains are inhibited [MIC(50)s], 0.125 to 0.25 microg/ml; MIC(90)s, 1.0 to 2.0 microg/ml). Time-kill studies revealed that ertapenem at two times the MIC was bactericidal for 9 of 10 strains after 48 h. The kinetics for other beta-lactams were similar to those of ertapenem.
A multivariate Poisson-log normal mixture model for clustering transcriptome sequencing data (2019)

The mixture of MPLN model is able to fit a wide range of correlation and overdispersion situations, and is suited for modeling multivariate count data from RNA sequencing studies. All scripts used for implementing the method can be found at https://github.com/anjalisilva/MPLNClust .
Boosting alkaline hydrogen evolution: the dominating role of interior modification in surface electrocatalysis (2020)

The alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (A-HER) holds great promise for clean hydrogen fuel generation but its practical utilization is severely hindered by the sluggish kinetics for water dissociation in alkaline solutions.
Molecular insights into host-virus interaction of human and rhesus cytomegalovirus UL144 mediated by immune checkpoint BTLA and CD160 (2021)

Abstract Cell-cell communication is a crucial mode for multi-cellular organisms to accomplish complex biological functions and various signaling molecules have evolved to meet ever complicated demands to communicate extracellular stimuli with intracellular components. Thus, signaling molecules, whose expression is responsive to local environments; balance the communication between host innate cells and viral pathogens. This intimate interaction between virus and the host immune system covers a wide range of contacts. HVEM, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is commonly recognized as a co-stimulatory receptor for LIGHT and LTα. Interestingly, HVEM was also found to interact with BTLA and CD160, and thus deliver a suppressive signal to T cells, therefore the complex molecular network between HVEM and its cellular partners makes bidirectional signaling feasible. Here, we study the viral glycoprotein UL144 of human and rhesus cytomegalovirus that is orthologous to cellular HVEM, thus resembling some of its promiscuity on the cell surface. This molecular network is quite well described, however, the engagement of CD160 by UL144 has not yet been satisfactorily studied. We measured both human and rhesus CMV UL144 binding to BTLA or CD160 using purified HVEM or UL144 proteins and their mutants. We confirmed that human CMV UL144 only bound BTLA and not CD160, whereas HVEM bound both BTLA and CD160. Surprisingly, we have observed binding between UL144-glycan free mutant not only to BTLA but also CD160. Moreover, considering that the ectodomain of UL144 is highly polymorphic across primate CMV we examined both human and rhesus CMV UL144 selectivity for its cellular receptors. We found rhesus CMV UL144 bound CD160 with lower KD when compared to BTLA.
A 300 Degree Celsius Directional Drilling System (2018)

Abstract The typical rating for downhole measurement-while-drilling equipment for oil and gas drilling is between 150°C and 175°C. There are currently few available drilling systems rated for operation at temperatures above 200°C. This paper describes the development, testing and field deployment of a drilling system comprised of drill bits, positive displacement motors and drilling fluids capable of drilling at operating temperatures up to 300°C. It also describes the development and testing of a 300°C capable measurement-while-drilling platform. The development of 300°C technologies for geothermal drilling also extends tool capabilities, longevity and reliability at lower oilfield temperatures. New technologies developed in this project include 300°C drill bits, metal-to-metal motors, and drilling fluid, and an advanced hybrid electronics and downhole cooling system for a measurement-while-drilling platform. The overall approach was to remove elastomers from the drilling system and to provide a robust "drilling-ready" downhole cooling system for electronics. The project included laboratory testing, field testing and full field deployment of the drilling system. The US Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Office partially funded the project. The use of a sub-optimal drilling system due to the limited availability of very high temperature technology can result in unnecessarily high overall wellbore construction costs. It can lead to short runs, downhole tool failures and poor drilling rates. The paper presents results from the testing and deployment of the 300°C drilling system. It describes successful laboratory testing of individual bottom-hole-assembly components, and full-scale integration tests on an in-house research rig. The paper also describes the successful deployment of the 300°C drilling system in the exploratory geothermal well IDDP-2 as part of the Iceland Deep Drilling Project. The well reached a measured depth of 4659m, by far the deepest in Iceland. The paper includes drilling performance data and the results of post-run analysis of bits and motors used in this well, which confirm the encouraging results obtained during laboratory tests. The paper also discusses testing and performance of the 300°C rated measurement-while-drilling components – hybrid electronics, power and telemetry - and the performance of the drilling tolerant cooling system. This is the industry's first 300°C capable drilling system, comprising metal-to-metal motors, drill bits, drilling fluid and accompanying measurement-while-drilling system. These new technologies provide opportunities for drilling oil and gas wells in previously undrillable ultra-high temperature environments.
Structural and Functional Dynamics of Human Centromeric Chromatin (2006)

Centromeres are the elements of chromosomes that assemble the proteinaceous kinetochore, maintain sister chromatid cohesion, regulate chromosome attachment to the spindle, and direct chromosome movement during cell division. Although the functions of centromeres and the proteins that contribute to their complex structure and function are conserved in eukaryotes, centromeric DNA diverges rapidly. Human centromeres are particularly complicated. Here, we review studies on the organization of homogeneous arrays of chromosome-specific alpha-satellite repeats and evolutionary links among eukaryotic centromeric sequences. We also discuss epigenetic mechanisms of centromere identity that confer structural and functional features of the centromere through DNA-protein interactions and post-translational modifications, producing centromere-specific chromatin signatures. The assembly and organization of human centromeres, the contributions of satellite DNA to centromere identity and diversity, and the mechanism whereby centromeres are distinguished from the rest of the genome reflect ongoing puzzles in chromosome biology.
A liquid culture cancer spheroid model reveals low PI3K/Akt pathway activity and low adhesiveness to the extracellular matrix (2021)

Three-dimensional (3D) cultures of cancer cells in liquid without extracellular matrix (ECM) offer in vitro models for metastasising conditions such as those in vessels and effusion. However, liquid culturing is often hindered by cell adhesiveness, which causes large cell clumps. We previously described a liquid culture material, LA717, which prevents nonclonal cell adhesion and subsequent clumping, thus allowing clonal growth of spheroids in an anchorage-independent manner. Here, we examined such liquid culture cancer spheroids for the acquisition of apical-basal polarity, sensitivity to an Akt inhibitor (anticancer drug MK-2206) and interaction with ECM. The spheroids present apical plasma membrane on the surface, which originated from the failure of polarisation at the single-cell stage and subsequent defects in phosphorylated ezrin accumulation at the cell boundary during the first cleavage, failing internal lumen formation. At the multicellular stage, liquid culture spheroids presented bleb-like protrusion on the surface, which was enhanced by the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and reduced by PI3K/Akt inhibitors. Liquid culture spheroids exhibited slow proliferation speed and low endogenous pAkt levels compared with gel-cultured spheroids and 2D-cultured cells, explaining the susceptibility to the Akt-inhibiting anticancer drug. Subcutaneous xenografting and in vitro analysis demonstrated low viability and adhesive property of liquid culture spheroids to ECM, while migratory and invasive capacities were comparable with gel-cultured spheroids. These features agree with the low efficacy of circulating tumour spheroids in the settling step of metastasis. This study demonstrates the feature of anchorage-independent spheroids and validates liquid cultures as a useful method in cancer spheroid research.
Primary health care utilization for alcohol-attributed diseases in British Columbia Canada 2001–2011 (2015)

From 2001 to 2011 there were significant increases in the number of persons presenting to general practitioners with alcohol-attributed diseases in British Columbia. The results of this study demonstrate the need to provide enhanced support to general practitioners in the treatment of patients with substance use disorders given the increasing number of primary health care patients with alcohol-attributed diseases.
Solar and windowless house comparisons. Progress report 231 (1961)

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied at normocapnia and after a challenge with 5% CO2 in 59 diabetic patients and 28 controls. There was a significant age-related decline in CBF in both groups, which suggests that diabetes does not affect the rate of decrease of CBF with age. After CO2 challenge CBF increased in most of the controls; in the patients CBF increased in 23, decreased in 26, and remained stable in 10. Thus the reactivity of cerebral blood vessels in diabetics is altered. Diabetics have diminished cerebrovascular reserve and are thus at increased risk of cerebrovascular disease because they are unable to compensate when necessary with an increased CBF.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Internal Allenes towards Chiral Allylated Triazoles and Tetrazoles (2022)

A general Rh-catalyzed addition reaction of nitrogen containing heterocycles to internal allenes is reported. Starting from racemic internal allenes a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) provides N-allylated triazoles and tetrazoles. Simultaneous control of N1/Nx-position selectivity, enantioselectivity and olefin geometry gives access to important building blocks of target-oriented synthesis. The synthetic utility is demonstrated by a gram-scale reaction and a broad substrate scope tolerating multiple functional groups. Deuterium labeling experiments and experiments with enantioenriched allenes as starting material support a plausible reaction mechanism.
A method for reduction of energy consumption in Wireless Sensor Network with using Neural Networks (2012)

The main concern in Wireless Sensor Networks is how to handle with their limited energy resources. The performance of Wireless Sensor Networks strongly depends on their lifetime. As a result, Dynamic Power Management approaches with the purpose of reduction of energy consumption in sensor nodes, after deployment and designing of the network. Recently, there have been a strong interest to use intelligent tools especially Neural Networks in energy efficient approaches of Wireless Sensor Networks, due to their simple parallel distributed computation, distributed storage, data robustness, auto-classification of sensor nodes and sensor reading. This paper presents a new centralized adaptive Energy Based Clustering protocol through the application of Self organizing map neural networks (called EBC-S) which can cluster sensor nodes, based on multi parameters; energy level and coordinates of sensor nodes. We applied some maximum energy nodes as weights of SOM map units; so that the nodes with higher energy attract the nearest nodes with lower energy levels. Therefore, formed clusters may not necessarily contain adjacent nodes. The new algorithm enables us to form energy balanced clusters and equally distribute energy consumption. Simulation results and comparison with previous protocols (LEACH and LEA2C) prove that our new algorithm is able to extend the lifetime of the network.
Proper execution under seal by sole director (2000)

This is a case demonstrating the effectiveness of the procedural assumptions as to proper execution of documents. The mortgagor was able to assume proper sealing of a mortgage, under section 129(6) of the Corporations Law. The mortgage was purportedly signed by a sole director.The dispute arose as an appeal against Master Wheeler’s order for summary judgment entered in favour of the mortgagor.
52Fe production for medical use from 588-MeV-proton irradiation of Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu targets (1974)

The average cross sections for 52Fe production from the bombardment of 588-MeV protons on manganese, cobalt, nickel, and copper targets were measured as 0.066±0.013, 0.152±0.012, 1.35±0.30, and 0.148±0.013 mb, respectively. A simple chemical procedure for the dissolution of the target in mineral acid and the extraction of 52Fe into di-isopropyl ether is described. The long-lived radiocontaminants in an 52Fe product from a single extraction of a nickel target irradiated for 0.5 h were 44Sc (0.02%), 44mSc (0.11%), 47Sc (0.01%), 48V (0.14%), 55Fe (3.3%), and 59Fe (0.16%).
Presentation of a New Instrument: The Diagnostic Headache Diary (1992)

A new instrument, the Diagnostic Headache Diary, based on the operational diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS), was tested in 61 migraine patients from a headache research clinic using the clinical diagnosis (IHS criteria) for comparison. All patients kept the diary for one to eight months. The clinical and diary diagnosis of migraine with and without aura was the same in, respectively, 72 and 87% of the patients. Nausea, photophobia and phonophobia tended to be more pronounced at the clinical interview. The diary identified 20 more cases of episodic tension-type headache and 15 fewer cases of chronic tension-type headache than the clinical interview. Two blinded observers always made the same IHS diagnoses when interpreting the diagnostic headache diary. A combination of a clinical interview and the diagnostic headache diary gives a qualitatively and quantitatively more precise diagnosis than a clinical interview alone.
Inkjet Printing of Radio Frequency Electronics: Design Methodologies and Application of Novel Nanotechnologies (2013)

We discuss here the use of inkjet printing technology as an attractive alternative for the fabrication of radio frequency (RF) electronics. Inkjet printing is compared to widely-used traditional methods such as wet etching and mechanical milling with discussion of the advantages and potential disadvantages afforded by the technology. Next the paper presents the current state of the art for RF printed electronics, including fundamental fabrication technologies, methodologies, and materials. Included are detailed discussions of the fabrication of foundational conductive elements, integration of external elements via low temperature bonding techniques, and enhancement strategies focusing on the addition of novel materials. We then present some current challenges related to inkjet printing, along with some exciting recent advances in materials technology seeking to overcome the current limitations and to expand the frontier of the technology. Following are multiple examples detailing the successful use of inkjet printing methods in the creation of novel RF devices, providing proof of concept and illustrating in greater detail the concepts presented in the theoretical sections.
Terminalia arjuna in Cardiovascular Diseases: Making the Transition from Traditional to Modern Medicine in India (2010)

The stem bark of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) is used by the Ayurvedic physicians in India for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases, collectively referred to as hritroga. It has been extensively studied in animal models to demonstrate cardioprotective properties, ranging from positive inotropic- , hypolipdemic-, coronary vasodilatory- and antioxidant effects to induction of stress protein in heart. Various bioactive compounds, like triterpinoids, tannins, flavonoids and minerals have been isolated from the stem bark. A number of clinical studies have also reported its beneficial effects in patients of chronic stable angina, endothelial dysfunction, heart failure and even ischemic mitral regurgitation. However, there are some identified lacunae, like standardisation of the 'drug', toxicity studies along with pharmacological interactions with other drugs and large multicentre randomized clinical trials, before its use by modern medicine is acceptable.
Composition Effects on Properties of the Perovskite Superconductor Ba(Pb, Bi)O3 (1986)

Compositional change of the superconducting transition temperature T c has been examined for the hot-pressed ceramics of (Ba, Sr)(Pb, Bi)O 3 and Ba(Sn, Pb, Bi)O 3 . Results for both systems are summarized as the T c contour maps of respective composition diagrams, which proved to be highly anisotropic with respect to composition coordinates. Temperature dependence of the normal resistivity, the Hall coefficient, and the lattice constant were also measured as function of composition. These results are discussed in connection with the T c characteristics, and also with the previously reported pressure effect shown by these materials.