gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Different Approaches Used In Image Quality Assessment (2013)

Abstract — Image quality assessment means estimating the quality of an image and it is used for many image processing applications. Image quality can be measured in two ways, subjective and objective method. Objective method is more preferable than subjective because most of the time the original image is not available for the comparison and it is not that much expensive like the subjective method. These methods are used to predict the visual quality by comparing a distorted image against a reference image. In this paper we are comparing the different approaches of image quality assessment.
STUDIES ON THE INSERTION OF THE FACIAL MUSCLES AND THE MUSCLES WHICH FORM THE RESONANCE CAVITY (1959)

The purpose of this study is to observe morphologically the facial muscles and the muscles which form the resonance cavity and to find the relations between the state of the former and the delicate change of the expression as well as the latter and that of the resonance cavity in the tone production.The method which was adopted was to dissect the facial, lingual, pharyngeal and laryngeal muscle, and to observe in detail the states of the insertions of the bundles of these muscle fibers, i.e., the relations of these bundles to the cutis, the mucous membrane and the connective tissue, using the binocular magnifier.The materials were (1) the skin of the face, the tongue, the pharynx and the larynx, which were gained by the pathological dissection, (2) the head of a Japanese male and (3) the head of airus monkey.The following results were obtained: ......1. Muscle bundles of the facial, some of the pharyngeal and the laryngeal muscles interlace or join with each other.2. Slender muscle bundles of the facial, pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles radiate into the con-nective tissue, and are inserted indirectly into the cutis and the mucous membrane. But muscle bundles of the lingual muscle are attached firmly to the lingual aponeurosis.3. The facial muscle is inserted in the various states, but the lingual, pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles are inserted comparatively monotonous.4. The facicl and laryngeal muscles of the irus monkey are not so differentiated as those of the human, but as far as the states of the insertion are concerned, no essencial difference can be ob-served.From the:results_above mentioned, it is reasoned that the features of the insertions of the muscles which form the resonance cavity control its delicate change in the tone production, just like as the states of the, insertions of the. facial muscles take part in the delicate change of the expression.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Norephedrine and Norpseudoephedrine by Using Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Accompanied by Dynamic Kinetic Resolution (2012)

Each of the enantiomers of both norephedrine and norpseudoephedrine were stereoselectively prepared from the common, prochiral cyclic sulfamidate imine of racemic 1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-propan-2-one by employing asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) catalyzed by the well-defined chiral Rh-complexes, (S,S)- or (R,R)-Cp*RhCl(TsDPEN), and HCO2H/Et3N as the hydrogen source. The ATH processes are carried out under mild conditions (rt, 15 min) and are accompanied by dynamic kinetic resolution.
Optic disc oedema in first degree relatives with different macrovascular risk factors (type 1 diabetes and hypertension) (2001)

Answers on p 275. 

### CASE 1

A 43 year old man with type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes for 16 years presented to the ophthalmology clinic with sudden onset of painless loss of vision in the right eye. On examination, visual acuity in the right eye was reduced to counting fingers. An afferent pupillary defect was noted and fundoscopy revealed a pale oedematous disc with surface flame  

haemorrhages (fig 1B). Visual acuity and examination of the left eye were normal. …
CO2Absorption Behavior with a Novel Random Packing: Super Mini Ring (2007)

Abstract For the purpose of capturing CO2 from flue gas the absorption of CO2 into an aqueous solution of monoethanolamine was measured by using a column packed with a novel packing, Super Mini Ring (SMR). The SMR gave a higher absorption performance relative to pall ring packing due to a larger effective surface area and also reduced the frictional pressure gradient. The absorption mechanism was observed to be mainly gas phase controlling. It was concluded that for the treatment of flue gas the SMR packing could reduce the height of the absorption column by 20% relative to a pall ring packed column.
Remission of chronic anthracycline-induced heart failure with support from a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device. (2012)

We report the case of a patient who had chronic anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy that was reversed after treatment with a left ventricular assist device. A 29-year-old woman had undergone anthracycline-based chemotherapy as a teenager in 1991 and 1992 and received a diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy 10 years later. Optimal medical therapy had initially controlled the symptoms of heart failure. However, in June 2006, the symptoms worsened to New York Heart Association functional class IV status. We implanted a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device as a bridge to cardiac transplantation; of note, a left ventricular core biopsy at that time showed no replacement fibrosis. The patient's clinical status improved thereafter, enabling left ventricular assist device ex-plantation after 17 months. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of left ventricular assist device support to reverse chronic anthracycline-induced heart failure.
<title>New aspects of optical scatterometry applied to microtechnology</title> (1997)

During the last years, optical scatterometry (OS) has become a competitive technique in micrometrology. Not only is it a very rapid and non-destructive method, but it also meets the accuracy needs imposed by nowaday technology. Relative rms- values of one percent and below have been reported for the multi-parametric characterization of submicron profiles. Although being basically a far field approach, the resolution and accuracy limits of imaging optical methods may be overcome to a certain degree. The goal of this paper is to discuss some new aspects of this technique. Particularly, there are two main topics--the improvement of the 2(theta) -principle for the characterization of sublambda gratings and the extension of the optical scatterometry to the measurement of real scene features instead of periodic ones. As for 2(theta) -scatterometry, first the ability of this method for quantitative measurements is shown with a 0.8 micron pitch grating etched in silicon oxide. Second, the polarization sensitivity is investigated with a 512 nm chromium grating on quartz. While the TE polarization is useful for the coarse characterization of the basic profile in terms of linewidth and height, TM polarized light might be the better choice for sensing sidewall variations and other profile subtleties. And third, a new scatterometer design is presented, which enables a simultaneous 2(theta) - measurement providing for an increased measuring throughput. Here, the application as a resist development monitor is outlined. The second main topic is the extension of the OS to single features in a more common sense, i.e., comprising also small groups of lines or spaces. In a former paper, the authors presented the basic principle and first modeling results. Here, further investigations are discussed aiming at the light scatter dependence on the sidewall angle and the characterization of double lines. The simulations confirm the enhanced sensitivity of TM polarized light to variations in the sidewall steepness. Besides, some nearfield calculations reveal how the light interacts with the scatterer.
Adaptive Detection Algorithms for Channel Matrix-Based Cognitive Radar/Sonar (2022)

The classical problem of radar/sonar target adaptive detection relies on both a primary data set (consisting of possibly target returns plus noise), and a secondary or training data set (consisting of noise only data samples). Kelly derived a generalized likelihood-ratio test (GLRT) statistic for this problem when based on a radar data model that characterizes clutter via the data covariance matrix. Cognitive radar/sonar, however, has adopted a data model that characterizes both target and clutter via the use of channel matrices because it simplifies the desired waveform optimization. The present work derives a GLRT statistic for the classical adaptive detection problem but when based on the cognitive radar/sonar data model that uses channel matrices to characterize all waveform dependent components in the presence of additive Gaussian colored noise. The resulting GLRT statistic clearly illustrates the value of waveform diversity for channel estimation.
Detection of mitosis within a stem cell population of high cell confluence in phase-contrast microscopy images (2011)

Computer vision analysis of cells in phase-contrast microscopy images enables long-term continuous monitoring of live cells, which has not been feasible using the existing cellular staining methods due to the use of fluorescence reagents or fixatives. In cell culture analysis, accurate detection of mitosis, or cell division, is critical for quantitative study of cell proliferation. In this work, we present an approach that can detect mitosis within a cell population of high cell confluence, or high cell density, which has proven challenging because of the difficulty in separating individual cells. We first detect the candidates for birth events that are defined as the time and location at which mitosis is complete and two daughter cells first appear. Each candidate is then examined whether it is real or not after incorporating spatio-temporal information by tracking the candidate in the neighboring frames. For the examination, we design a probabilistic model named Two-Labeled Hidden Conditional Random Field (TL-HCRF) that can use the information on the timing of the candidate birth event in addition to the visual change of cells over time. Applied to two cell populations of high cell confluence, our method considerably outperforms previous methods. Comparisons with related statistical models also show the superiority of TL-HCRF on the proposed task.
Expression of the MAGE-1,-3 Genes in Squamous Cell Carcimomas of the Head and Neck (1997)

The MAGE genes encode tumor antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These antigens may constitute useful targets for anti-cancer immunotherapy, since no expression of MAGE genes has been observed in normal tissues except testis. We investigated the expression of the MAGE-1, and -3 genes in 25 squamous cell carcinomas, 10 benign tumors, and 15 normal tissues of head and neck, using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT—PCR). The MAGE-1, and -3 genes were expressed at the mRNA level in 32%(8/25), 48%(12/25) respectively. Sixteen out of 25 cases(64%) expressed at least one of these genes. Neither benign tumors nor normal tissues was positive for these genes. These results suggest that immunotherapy with MAGE gene products may be useful for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.
Pre-design methodology and results of a robust monolithic Inter Cell Transformer (ICT) for parallel multicell converter (2013)

In this paper, the pre-design methodology of a monolithic Inter Cell Transformer (ICT) in parallel multicell converters is presented for normal operation and with a reduced number of phases. The goal is not to saturate the active phases when the number of cells is reduced. An analysis and comparison of monolithic ICT have been conducted in these two configurations. The increased volume and mass of the robust monolithic ICT is very important for low number of cells. Air-gaps have been inserted in order to limit this augmentation. These air-gaps balance and reduce the overload flux density in active cores during the post-failure operation. In order to validate the theoretical results, a ladder structure of a 6-phase monolithic ICT and a reconfigurable converter has been built. The experimental results for the prototype will be presented by the authors in their next paper.
Heat accumulation effects in femtosecond laser-written waveguides with variable repetition rate (2005)

High-repetition rate femtosecond lasers are shown to drive heat accumulation processes that are attractive for rapid writing of low-loss optical waveguides in transparent glasses. A novel femtosecond fiber laser system (IMRA America, FCPA muJewel) providing variable repetition rate between 0.1 and 5 MHz was used to study the relationship between heat accumulation and resulting waveguide properties in fused silica and various borosilicate glasses. Increasing repetition rate was seen to increase the waveguide diameter and decrease the waveguide loss, with waveguides written with 1-MHz repetition rate yielding ~0.2-dB/cm propagation loss in Schott AF45 glass. A finite-difference thermal diffusion model accurately tracks the waveguide diameter as cumulative heating expands the modification zone above 200-kHz repetition rate.
Experiences of Corps of Engineers in Compaction of Hot Asphalt Mixtures (1984)

This paper discusses the historical development and present procedures used by the Corps of Engineers for specifying, obtaining, and evaluating density of hot mix asphalt concrete. To obtain satisfactory density requires that proper equipment and experienced personnel be used for construction of the asphalt concrete. Experiences with various rollers and rolling techniques that have proven satisfactory are discussed. The lack of density obtained in longitudinal joints has always been a problem in airfield construction, and on most airfield pavements initial damage begins in these longitudinal joints. Statistical quality control procedures are used to insure that unbiased evaluation of in-place density is obtained. Control charts are used to record density results and to identify trends in density that may indicate potential problems before they become significant.
High-speed resonant-cavity SAM avalanche photodiodes (2002)

Separate absorption and multiplication (SAM) APDs have been widely deployed in long-wavelength, high-bit-rate optical transmission systems. At high bit-rates (>10 GBit/s), however, the bandwidth and the gain-bandwidth-product of the SAM APDs has become a limitation. Recently, we have developed a resonant-cavity SAM APD structure that circumvents both of these performance limitations. Since the quantum efficiency is decoupled from the transit time in the resonant-cavity structure, bandwidths >20 GHz have been achieved in the low-gain regime. At high gains, the response of an APD is determined by the gain-bandwidth-product. The use of very thin multiplication layers in the resonant-cavity structures has led to low noise (/spl beta///spl alpha/=k<0.25) and gain-bandwidths as high as 180 GHz. The external quantum efficiency of these resonant-cavity SAM APDs is about 80 %, resulting in a record bandwidth-efficiency product as well. The breakdown voltage (V/sub b/) is <15 V and the dark current is <10 nA at 90% V/sub b/.
Particle scattering, backscattering, and absorption coefficients: An in situ closure and sensitivity study (2002)

Comparisons between measured and calculated aerosol scattering, backscattering, and absorption coefficients were made based on in situ, ground‐based measurements during the Melpitz INTensive (MINT) and Lindenberg Aerosol Characterization Experiment 1998 (LACE 98) field studies. Furthermore, airborne measurements made with the same type of instruments are reviewed and compared with the ground‐based measurements. Agreement between measured and calculated values is on the order of ±20% for scattering and backscattering coefficients. A sensitivity analysis showed a large influence on the calculated particle scattering and backscattering coefficients resulting from sizing uncertainties in the measured number size distributions. Measured absorption coefficients were significantly smaller than the corresponding calculated values. The largest uncertainty for the calculated absorption coefficients resulted from the size‐dependent fraction of elemental carbon (EC) of the aerosol. A correction for the measured fractions of EC could significantly improve the agreement between measured and calculated absorption coefficients. The overall uncertainty of the calculated values was investigated with a Monte Carlo method by simultaneously and randomly varying the input parameters of the calculations, where the variation of each parameter was bounded by its uncertainty. The measurements were mostly found to be within the range of uncertainties of the calculations, with uncertainties for the calculated scattering and backscattering coefficients of about ±20% and for the absorption coefficients of about ±30%. Thus, to increase the accuracy of calculated scattering, backscattering, and absorption coefficients, it is crucial to further reduce the error in particle number size distribution measurement techniques. In addition, further improvement of the techniques for measuring absorption coefficients and further investigation of the measurement of the fraction of EC of the aerosol is necessary.
High‐resolution analyses of copy number changes in disseminated tumor cells of patients with breast cancer (2011)

The presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow (BM) identifies breast cancer patients with less favorable outcome. Furthermore, molecular characterization is required to investigate the malignant potential of these cells. This study presents a single-cell array comparative genomic hybridization (SCaCGH) method providing molecular analysis of immunomorphologically detected DTCs. The resolution limit of the method was estimated using the cancer cell line SK-BR-3 on 44 and 244k arrays. The technique was further tested on 28 circulating tumor cells and four hematopoietic cells (HCs) from peripheral blood (n = 8 patients). The SCaCGH method was finally applied to 24 DTCs, three immunopositive cells morphologically classified as probable HCs from breast cancer patients and five HC controls from BM (n = 7 patients plus n = 1 healthy donor). The frequency of copy number changes of the DTCs revealed similarities with primary breast tumor samples. Three of the patients had available profiles for DTCs and the corresponding tumor tissue from primary surgery. More than two-third of the analyzed DTCs disclosed equivalent changes, both to each other and to the corresponding primary disease, whereas the rest of the cells showed balanced profiles. The probable HCs revealed either balanced profiles (n = 2) or changes comparable to the tumor tissue and DTCs (n = 1), indicating morphological overlap between HCs and DTCs. Similar aberration patterns were visible in DTCs collected at diagnosis and at 3 years relapse-free follow-up. SCaCGH may be a powerful tool for the molecular characterization of DTCs.
Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Metal‐free Hydrogen Activation and More (2009)

Abstract Sterically encumbered Lewis acid and Lewis base combinations do not undergo the ubiquitous neutralization reaction to form “classical” Lewis acid/Lewis base adducts. Rather, both the unquenched Lewis acidity and basicity of such sterically “frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs)” is available to carry out unusual reactions. Typical examples of frustrated Lewis pairs are inter‐ or intramolecular combinations of bulky phosphines or amines with strongly electrophilic RB(C 6 F 5 ) 2 components. Many examples of such frustrated Lewis pairs are able to cleave dihydrogen heterolytically. The resulting H + /H − pairs (stabilized for example, in the form of the respective phosphonium cation/hydridoborate anion salts) serve as active metal‐free catalysts for the hydrogenation of, for example, bulky imines, enamines, or enol ethers. Frustrated Lewis pairs also react with alkenes, aldehydes, and a variety of other small molecules, including carbon dioxide, in cooperative three‐component reactions, offering new strategies for synthetic chemistry.
A Multi-Center, Phase II Clinical Trial of Genexol(R) (Paclitaxel) and Cisplatin for Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2003)

The results suggest that a combination of Genexol(R) and cisplatin is an effective and well-tolerated regimen for patients with NSCLC.
Light harvesting in organic solar cells using a nanostructured ITO grating (2013)

Nanostructured ITO gratings have been used in organic solar cells to enhance light absorption in a thin active layer of PCBM:P3HT via light harvesting. An additional peak at 680-700 nm in the absorption spectrum of the active layer appears, resulting in enhanced broadband absorption compared to the planar counterpart. FDTD simulation of the cell supports the experimental results and shows the grating effectively increases the electric field in the active layer.
A new putative fimbrial colonization factor, CS19, of human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (1997)

A gene probe derived from the colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) operon cross-hybridized at very low stringency to plasmid DNA from coli surface antigen 17 (CS17)-producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and from the ETEC strain F595C, which was negative for previously described CFAs, CSs, and putative colonization factors (PCFs). A 16-kDa protein was identified in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of heat extracts prepared after growth of strain F595C at 37 degrees C on CFA agar containing bile salts. Transmission electron microscopy revealed bile salt- and temperature-dependent expression of fimbriae with a diameter of 7 nm. After transformation with a recombinant plasmid harboring the cfaR gene, which encodes a positive regulator of several CFAs, PCFs, and CSs, the 16-kDa protein was hyperexpressed. Polyclonal antibodies raised against this protein bound to the fimbriae and inhibited the adhesion of F595C bacteria to tissue-cultured Caco-2 cells. Nucleotide sequence determination of the gene encoding the 16-kDa fimbrial subunit revealed a high degree of amino acid sequence homology to the CFA/I, CS1, CS2, CS4, CS14, and CS17 polypeptides. The term CS19 is proposed for the new fimbria.
Fast incremental netlist compilation of hierarchical schematics (2003)

Fast incremental techniques for maintaining and quickly updating the net list underlying a hierarchical schematic design are presented. For most user modifications the net list can be incrementally updated in a fraction of the time required using batch compilation techniques, often with no perceivable delay to the user. As a side result, the incremental net list compiler yields a list of affected electrical nodes that can be used to guide an incremental simulator which resimulates only the affected region of the circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>