gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defining the Roles of cis -Acting RNA Elements in Tombusvirus Replicase Assembly In Vitro (2011)

In addition to its central role as a template for replication and translation, the viral plus-strand RNA genome also has nontemplate functions, such as recruitment to the site of replication and assembly of the viral replicase, activities that are mediated by cis-acting RNA elements within viral genomes. Two noncontiguous RNA elements, RII(+)-SL (located internally in the tombusvirus genome) and RIV (located at the 3'-terminus), are involved in template recruitment into replication and replicase assembly; however, the importance of each of these RNA elements for these two distinct functions is not fully elucidated. We used an in vitro replicase assembly assay based on yeast cell extract and purified recombinant tombusvirus replication proteins to show that RII(+)-SL, in addition to its known requirement for recruitment of the plus-strand RNA into replication, is also necessary for assembly of an active viral replicase complex. Additional studies using a novel two-component RNA system revealed that the recruitment function of RII(+)-SL can be provided in trans by a separate RNA and that the replication silencer element, located within RIV, defines the template that is used for initiation of minus-strand synthesis. Collectively, this work has revealed new functions for tombusvirus cis-acting RNA elements and provided insights into the pioneering round of minus-strand synthesis.
Stereospecific Octahedral Group 4 Bis(phenolate) Ether Complexes for Olefin Polymerization (2010)

Octahedral group 4 bisphenolate ether complexes, activated by methylaluminoxane, are highly active and stereospecific alpha-olefin polymerization catalysts. X-ray crystallographic analysis reveals the Zr and Hf complexes to be closely isostructural; the bond lengths of the Hf complex are slightly shorter, but the maximum deviation is only 0.062 A. Despite the structural similarity of the Hf and Zr complexes, the Hf complexes generate more highly stereoselective catalysts. In addition to the influence of the transition metal, the structure of the ligand has a large influence on the stereospecificity. Bis-tert-butyl phenyl substituted complexes of Hf and Zr, when activated by MAO at 50-80 degrees C, generate high molecular weight polypropylene (M(n) = 130,000-360,000 g/mol) with isotacticities [mmmm] > 97% and melting points as high as 165 degrees C.
Examination of the Mechanisms of Action of Diverse Cytoprotectants in Renal Cell Death (1998)

Glycine, strychnine, muscimol, allopregnanolone, and pregnenolone sulfate act in the late phase of renal cell injury, block Cl- influx and cell lysis induced by the mitochondrial inhibitor antimycin A, and promote the recovery of respiration and ion transport following hypoxia/reoxygenation. However, the mechanism of action of these compounds has not been completely elucidated. Recently, we have shown that calpains are critical mediators of renal cell death produced by diverse toxicants and that antimycin A exposure results in calpain translocation from the cytosol to the membrane fraction that is temporally associated with Cl- influx and precedes cell death/lysis. The current study examined the effects of a group of diverse cytoprotectants on calpain activity and determined if calpain inhibition plays a role in the cytoprotection produced by these compounds. The cytoprotection produced by glycine, strychnine, muscimol, allopregnanolone, and pregnenolone sulfate in rabbit renal proximal tubules exposed to antimycin A was associated with the inhibition of antimycin A-induced calpain translocation. None of the cytoprotectants had a direct effect on calpain activity. All of the cytoprotectants decreased calcium-ionophore-induced cell death. Glycine, strychnine, and muscimol also blocked antimycin A mediated extracellular Ca2+ influx. These data suggest that the cytoprotective mechanism of action of glycine, strychnine, and muscimol involves the inhibition of antimycin A mediated extracellular Ca2+ influx as well as calpain translocation and associated Cl- influx. In contrast, the mechanism of action of the neurosteroids results only from the blockade of calpain translocation and associated Cl- influx.
Eventual Consistency Today: Limitations, Extensions, and Beyond (2013)

In a July 2000 conference keynote, Eric Brewer, now VP of engineering at Google and a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, publicly postulated the CAP (consistency, availability, and partition tolerance) theorem, which would change the landscape of how distributed storage systems were architected. Brewer’s conjecture--based on his experiences building infrastructure for some of the first Internet search engines at Inktomi--states that distributed systems requiring always-on, highly available operation cannot guarantee the illusion of coherent, consistent single-system operation in the presence of network partitions, which cut communication between active servers. Brewer’s conjecture proved prescient: in the following decade, with the continued rise of large-scale Internet services, distributed-system architects frequently dropped "strong" guarantees in favor of weaker models--the most notable being eventual consistency.
A ketoreductase domain in the PksJ protein of the bacillaene assembly line carries out both α- and β-ketone reduction during chain growth (2008)

The polyketide signaling metabolites bacillaene and dihydrobacillaene are biosynthesized in Bacillus subtilis on an enzymatic assembly line with both nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) modules acting along with catalytic domains servicing the assembly line in trans. These signaling metabolites possess the unusual starter unit alpha-hydroxyisocaproate (alpha-HIC). We show here that it arises from initial activation of alpha-ketoisocaproate (alpha-KIC) by the first adenylation domain of PksJ (a hybrid PKS/NRPS) and installation on the pantetheinyl arm of the adjacent thiolation (T) domain. The alpha-KIC unit is elongated to alpha-KIC-Gly by the second NRPS module in PksJ as demonstrated by mass spectrometric analysis. The third module of PksJ uses PKS logic and contains an embedded ketoreductase (KR) domain along with two adjacent T domains. We show that this KR domain reduces canonical 3-ketobutyryl chains but also the alpha-keto group of alpha-KIC-containing intermediates on the PksJ T-domain doublet. This KR activity accounts for the alpha-HIC moiety found in the dihydrobacillaene/bacillaene pair and represents an example of an assembly-line dual-function alpha- and beta-KR acting on disparate positions of a growing chain intermediate.
Improved Unnesting Algorithms for Join Aggregate SQL Queries (1992)

Abstract: The SQL language allows users to express queries that have nested subqueries in them. Optimi-zation of nested queries has received considerable attention over the last few years [Kim82, Ganski87, Daya187, Murali891. As pointed out in [Ganski87], the solution presented in [Kim821 for JA type queries has the COUNT bug. In order to avoid the COUNT bug, the more general strategy described in [Gan-ski871 and [Dayal87] is used. In this paper, we modify Kim’s algorithm so that it avoids the COUNT bug. The modified algorithm may be used when it is more efficient than the general strategy. In addition, we present a couple of enhancements that precompute aggregates and evaluate joins and outer joins in a top-down order. These enhancements eliminate Cartesian products when certain correlation predicates are ab-sent and enable us to employ Kim’s method for more blocks. Finally, we incorporate the above improve-merits into a new unnesting algorithm. 1.
Curva de anticorpos pós-vacinais em ovinos imunizados com uma ou duas doses de bacterina oleosa anti-leptospirose, produzida com a sorovariedade Hardjo, tipo Hardjoprajitno, estirpe Norma, isolada no Brasil (2011)

Foi comparado o nível de anticorpos de ovelhas imunizadas com uma ou duas doses de bacterina oleosa produzida com a sorovariedade Hardjo, tipo Hardjoprajitno, estirpe Norma, isolada da urina de bovino no Brasil. Culturas de 2x10(8) leptospiras/mL foram inativadas com formalina a 0,3%, à concentração final e emulsionada em óleo Emulsigen® 12%. A dose da vacina foi padronizada para a concentração de 1x10(8) leptospiras/mL. Quarenta ovinos adultos, da raça Santa Inês, de um rebanho livre de leptospirose por exames clínicos e sorológicos durante um ano foram escolhidos para o experimento. O grupo A (n=15) recebeu duas doses de 3,0mL da vacina por via subcutânea, com intervalo de 30 dias. O grupo B (n=15) recebeu dose única de 3,0mL, via subcutânea e o grupo C (controle) recebeu uma dose subcutânea de 3,0mL de solução 0,85% de cloreto de sódio. Os títulos de anticorpos pós-vacinação foram mensurados pelo teste de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) e um teste imunoenzimático (ELISA) a cada 30 dias durante 120 dias. Os títulos dos grupos A e B na primeira colheita variaram de 80 a 160. No grupo A, após a segunda dose, os títulos aumentaram duas a quatro vezes, até 3.200, enquanto no grupo B os títulos de aglutininas foram menores que 160 e diminuíram uma a duas vezes após 60 dias da vacinação. Utilizando-se dose única, os anticorpos persistiram por somente 30 dias e, com duas doses, com 30 dias de intervalo, os anticorpos foram detectáveis por 60 dias por meio do teste de SAM e 120 dias no teste de ELISA. Assim, o teste de SAM detectou títulos de IgM vacinal somente por 60 dias, enquanto o teste de ELISA foi capaz de detectar anticorpos durante os 120 dias. No grupo controle negativo, ocorreram no ELISA reações inespecíficas de títulos até 80, porém no SAM os títulos dos mesmos animais se mantiveram em zero. O teste de ELISA pode ser utilizado para medir anticorpos vacinais para a sorovariedade Hardjo, tipo Hardjoprajitno, estirpe Norma em ovinos.
Solid Phase Synthesis of 2‐substituted Melatonin Derivatives via Palladium‐mediated Coupling Reactions using Microwave Irradiation (2004)

Abstract A comparative study between conventional thermal and microwave assisted procedures on solid support to generate pharmacomodulated melatonin analogues using Stille, Sonogashira, Heck and Suzuki palladium mediated reaction.
Señtsopan po’señempan (2008)

Piper dennisii Pipen dennisii Significado del nombre Señets: deseos de comer carne. USOS YANESHAS Tos con dolor de cabeza, dificultades para respirar, dolor de garganta Se hace una vaporación* sin piedras durante unos minutos. Dolor de huesos, artritis Preparar un baño, hervir las hojas y lavarse todo el cuerpo. Después, aplicar las hojas como cataplasma en el lugar adolorido (rodilla, etcétera) y dejarlo toda la noche sobre la parte afectada. Falta de apetito Comer algunas hojas crudas de e...
100  W average power femtosecond laser at 343  nm (2016)

We present a femtosecond laser system delivering up to 100 W of average power at 343 nm. The laser system employs a Yb-based femtosecond fiber laser and subsequent second- and third-harmonic generation in beta barium borate (BBO) crystals. Thermal gradients within these BBO crystals are mitigated by sapphire heat spreaders directly bonded to the front and back surface of the crystals. Thus, a nearly diffraction-limited beam quality (M2 < 1.4) is achieved, despite the high thermal load to the nonlinear crystals. This laser source is expected to push many industrial and scientific applications in the future.
Closed-loop control of stepping motors: prediction and realisation of optimum switching angle (1982)

If a stepping motor is operated under closed-loop control, then, for maximum torque production, the switching angle must vary with the stepping rate. This variation is investigated theoretically for a variablereluctance stepping motor and a low-cost method of implementing a speed-dependent switching-angle control is described. Experimental results indicate that this type of control enables the motor to produce a high torque at low speeds, but to still operate at speeds up to the pull-out rate.
Cyclodextrin-based inclusion complexation bridging supramolecular chemistry and macromolecular self-assembly (2011)

Research into macromolecular self-assembly has been progressively developing since the 1970s but with a little affect from the achievements of supramolecular chemistry. In recent years, this situation has changed as more and more factors and concepts in supramolecular chemistry have been introduced into studies of the self-assembly of polymers. In this respect, inclusion complexation based on cyclodextrins plays a remarkable role. In this tutorial review, we address how inclusion complexation has been employed and used to promote the recent developments in macromolecular self-assembly. These include the amphiphilicity adjustment of macromolecules, non-covalent linkages for forming pseudo block copolymers and micelles, surface modification and functionalization of polymeric micelles and vesicles, and the combination of synthetic polymeric assemblies with biological moieties. Furthermore, the realization of the reversible stimuli-responsiveness of polymeric assemblies and materials, particularly hydrogels by means of controllable inclusion complexation is discussed as well.
ChemInform Abstract: OXYGENATED ALPHA‐METHYLENE‐GAMMA‐BUTYROLACTONES (1975)

Abstract Cyclopentadien (I) und Dichlorketen (II) geben das Addukt (III), das zu (IV) reduziert werden kann.
Field Evaluation of Picaridin Repellents Reveals Differences in Repellent Sensitivity between Southeast Asian Vectors of Malaria and Arboviruses (2014)

Scaling up of insecticide treated nets has contributed to a substantial malaria decline. However, some malaria vectors, and most arbovirus vectors, bite outdoors and in the early evening. Therefore, topically applied insect repellents may provide crucial additional protection against mosquito-borne pathogens. Among topical repellents, DEET is the most commonly used, followed by others such as picaridin. The protective efficacy of two formulated picaridin repellents against mosquito bites, including arbovirus and malaria vectors, was evaluated in a field study in Cambodia. Over a period of two years, human landing collections were performed on repellent treated persons, with rotation to account for the effect of collection place, time and individual collector. Based on a total of 4996 mosquitoes collected on negative control persons, the overall five hour protection rate was 97.4% [95%CI: 97.1-97.8%], not decreasing over time. Picaridin 20% performed equally well as DEET 20% and better than picaridin 10%. Repellents performed better against Mansonia and Culex spp. as compared to aedines and anophelines. A lower performance was observed against Aedes albopictus as compared to Aedes aegypti, and against Anopheles barbirostris as compared to several vector species. Parity rates were higher in vectors collected on repellent treated person as compared to control persons. As such, field evaluation shows that repellents can provide additional personal protection against early and outdoor biting malaria and arbovirus vectors, with excellent protection up to five hours after application. The heterogeneity in repellent sensitivity between mosquito genera and vector species could however impact the efficacy of repellents in public health programs. Considering its excellent performance and potential to protect against early and outdoor biting vectors, as well as its higher acceptability as compared to DEET, picaridin is an appropriate product to evaluate the epidemiological impact of large scale use of topical repellents on arthropod borne diseases.
The Quest for Total Recall (2018)

The objective of high-recall information retrieval (HRIR) is to identify substantially all information relevant to an information need, where the consequences of missing or untimely results may have serious legal, policy, health, social, safety, defence, or financial implications. To find acceptance in practice, HRIR technologies must be more effective---and must be shown to be more effective---than current practice, according to the legal, statutory, regulatory, ethical, or professional standards governing the application domain. Such domains include, but are not limited to, electronic discovery in legal proceedings; distinguishing between public and non-public records in the curation of government archives; systematic review for meta-analysis in evidence-based medicine; separating irregularities and intentional misstatements from unintentional errors in accounting restatements; performing "due diligence" in connection with pending mergers, acquisitions, and financing transactions; and surveillance and compliance activities involving massive datasets. HRIR differs from ad hoc information retrieval where the objective is to identify the best, rather than all relevant information, and from classification or categorization where the objective is to separate relevant from non-relevant information based on previously labeled training examples. HRIR is further differentiated from established information retrieval applications by the need to quantify "substantially all relevant information"; an objective for which existing evaluation strategies and measures, such as precision and recall, are not particularly well suited.
Effect of KIO3 on Electrochemical Mechanical Removal of Ta/TaN Films (2009)

This paper reports results obtained from the polishing of Ta and TaN films at low pressures (~0.5psi) in solutions containing 2,5 dihydroxy benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) as a tantalum complexant, potassium iodate (KIO3) as an oxidant and a small amount of silica particles (~0.1wt%), under galvanostatic conditions. Variables such as pH, KIO3 concentration and current density have been investigated to develop an optimized formulation. Solution containing 0.1M DBSA, 0.05M KIO3 and 0.1% silica particles removes tantalum and tantalum nitride at the rates of ~170Aå/min and ~200Aå/min, respectively at 1mA/cm2 current density. Under the same conditions, Ta/Cu selectivity of ~0.8:1 and TaN/Cu selectivity of ~0.9:1 were achieved.
USB-powered physics experiments (2020)

Physics experiments powered by a universal serial bus (USB) connection are becoming increasingly common. With teachers going through so many batteries each year, USB-powered physics provides an economical and environmentally friendly alternative. In this article, the authors discuss several ways that USB power can provide a convenient way to do physics labs. USB power not only provides an alternative to batteries, but also hand-crank generators, power supplies, and even more exotic demonstration equipment such as Tesla coils. Cell phone chargers, including wireless chargers, are also investigated with these tools. The ubiquity of USB justifies that students receive at least some laboratory exposure to them and how they work.
TREATABILITY AND PENETRATION INDICES OF FOUR LESSER-USED MYANMAR HARDWOODS (2011)

Depletion of Myanmar’s top commercial timbers has grown the attention towards lesser-used timbers, which present low durability and require protection against biodegradation. This research tested the treatability of four nondurable Myanmar hardwoods: Bombax ceiba, Bombax insigne, Spondias pinnata and Tetrameles nudiflora . Conditioned heartwood samples were pressure-treated according to standard schedules using a staining solution. Solution uptake, penetration depths, and percent of each cell type penetrated were determined and discussed according to wood anatomical characteristics. B. ceiba, B. insigne and S. pinnata had high uptakes and good penetration making them promising for protective treatment. T. nudiflora was also classified as easy to treat based on its penetration index but as generally difficult to treat according to retention and depth of penetration. This different behavior was attributed to the tyloses occluding its vessels. The results are useful for the development of specific treatment schedules to achieve the retentions and penetration required for the effective protection of these lesser-used hardwoods.
Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Targeting of TFIIH Suppresses KRAS-Mutant Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Synergizes with TRAIL (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Targeting of TFIIH Suppresses KRAS-Mutant Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Synergizes with TRAIL
Variant-specific SARS-CoV-2 within-host kinetics (2021)

Abstract Since early 2021, SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) have been causing epidemic rebounds in many countries. Their properties are well characterised at the epidemiological level but the potential underlying within-host determinants remain poorly understood. We analyse a longitudinal cohort of 6,944 individuals with 14,304 cycle threshold (Ct) values of qPCR VOC screening tests performed in the general population and hospitals in France between February 6 and August 21, 2021. To convert Ct values into numbers of virus copies, we performed an additional analysis using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). We find that the number of viral genome copies reaches a higher peak value and has a slower decay rate in infections caused by Alpha variant compared to that caused by historical lineages. Following the evidence that viral genome copies in upper respiratory tract swabs are informative on contagiousness, we show that the kinetics of the Alpha variant translate into significantly higher transmission potentials, especially in older populations. Finally, comparing infections caused by the Alpha and Delta variants, we find no significant difference in the peak viral copy number. These results highlight that some of the differences between variants may be detected in virus load variations.
Effect of Sterilization Methods on Electrospun Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Fiber Alignment for Biomedical Applications (2016)

Medically approved sterility methods should be a major concern when developing a polymeric scaffold, mainly when commercialization is envisaged. In the present work, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fiber membranes were processed by electrospinning with random and aligned fiber alignment and sterilized under UV, ethylene oxide (EO), and γ-radiation, the most common ones for clinical applications. It was observed that UV light and γ-radiation do not influence fiber morphology or alignment, while electrospun samples treated with EO lead to fiber orientation loss and morphology changing from cylindrical fibers to ribbon-like structures, accompanied to an increase of polymer crystallinity up to 28%. UV light and γ-radiation sterilization methods showed to be less harmful to polymer morphology, without significant changes in polymer thermal and mechanical properties, but a slight increase of polymer wettability was detected, especially for the samples treated with UV radiation. In vitro results indicate that both UV and γ-radiation treatments of PLA membranes allow the adhesion and proliferation of MG 63 osteoblastic cells in a close interaction with the fiber meshes and with a growth pattern highly sensitive to the underlying random or aligned fiber orientation. These results are suggestive of the potential of both γ-radiation sterilized PLA membranes for clinical applications in regenerative medicine, especially those where customized membrane morphology and fiber alignment is an important issue.
RECENT PROGRESS IN MULTIFOCAL MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY (2012)

Multifocal multiphoton microscopy (MMM) has recently become an important tool in biomedicine for performing three-dimensional fast fluorescence imaging. Using various beamsplitting techniques, MMM splits the near-infrared laser beam into multiple beamlets and produces a multifocal array on the sample for parallel multiphoton excitation and then records fluorescence signal from all foci simultaneously with an area array detector, which significantly improves the imaging speed of multiphoton microscopy and allows for high efficiency in use of the excitation light. In this paper, we discuss the features of several MMM setups using different beamsplitting devices, including a Nipkow spinning disk, a microlens array, a set of beamsplitting mirrors, or a diffractive optical element (DOE). In particular, we present our recent work on the development of an MMM using a spatial light modulator (SLM).