gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manganese Kβ X-ray Emission Spectroscopy As a Probe of Metal–Ligand Interactions (2011)

A systematic series of high-spin mononuclear Mn(II), Mn(III), and Mn(IV) complexes has been investigated by manganese Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). The factors contributing to the Kβ main line and the valence to core region are discussed. The Kβ main lines are dominated by 3p-3d exchange correlation (spin state) effects, shifting to lower energy upon oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(III) due to the decrease in spin state from S = 5/2 to S = 2, whereas the valence to core region shows greater sensitivity to the chemical environment surrounding the Mn center. A density functional theory (DFT) approach has been used to calculate the valence to core spectra and assess the contributions to the energies and intensities. The valence spectra are dominated by manganese np to 1s electric dipole-allowed transitions and are particularly sensitive to spin state and ligand identity (reflected primarily in the transition energies) as well as oxidation state and metal-ligand bond lengths (reflected primarily in the transition intensities). The ability to use these methods to distinguish different ligand contributions within a heteroleptic coordination sphere is highlighted. The similarities and differences between the current Mn XES study and previous studies of Fe XES investigations are discussed. These findings serve as an important calibration for future applications to manganese active sites in biological and chemical catalysis.
Radiological consequence analysis with HEU and LEU fuels (1984)

A model for estimating the radiological consequences from a hypothetical accident in HEU and LEU fueled research and test reactors is presented. Simple hand calculations based on fission product yield table inventories and non-site specific dispersion data may be adequate in many cases. However, more detailed inventories and site specific data on meteorological conditions and release rates and heights can result in substantial reductions in the dose estimates. LEU fuel gives essentially the same doses as HEU fuel. The plutonium buildup in the LEU fuel does not significantly increase the radiological consequences. The dose to the thyroid is the limiting dose. 10 references, 3 figures, 7 tables.
Execution Plan Cache Analysis (2012)

The performance of any query depends on the effectiveness of the execution plan decided upon by the optimizer, as you learned in previous chapters. Because the overall time required to execute a query is the sum of the time required to generate the execution plan plus the time required to execute the query based on this execution plan, it is important that the cost of generating the execution plan itself is low. The cost incurred when generating the execution plan depends on the process of generating the execution plan, the process of caching the plan, and the reusability of the plan from the plan cache. In this chapter, you will learn how an execution plan is generated and how to analyze the execution plan cache for plan reusability.KeywordsVariable PartSimple ParameterizationExecution PlanQuery PlanQuery StringThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
The Significance of Phase and Information (2017)

Many years ago, a paper by Emil Wolf inspired one of us (MAF) to look more closely at the analytic properties of propagating and scattered optical fields. In 1962, Wolf discussed how Michelson’s interferometer could provide information about the energy distribution in the spectrum of a light beam from measurements of the visibility of interference fringes. A simple relationship exists between the visibility function V(τ) and the modulus of the complex degree of coherence, γ(τ). The methods of Hanbury Brown, and Twiss showed that |γ(τ)| could be determined in various ways, and the important question arose as to how one might recover spectral information, g(ν) from |γ(τ)|. Since V(τ) is proportional to the Fourier transform of g(ν), one might think that only the autocorrelation function of g(ν) might be found, without explicitly knowing the phase of γ(τ). How does one determine the missing phase? The deep insight used to address this question was to take into account the analytic properties from which a complete recovery of g(ν) became possible. It is the underlying analytic properties of the functions that we so routinely employ in modeling optical processes that can provide a deeper understanding of relationships between field parameters and information; this is what we address here.
Maneuver and Mission Aiding via Tactile Cueing Flight Demonstrations (2016)

Tactile cueing techniques previously developed for carefree maneuvering were expanded to assist the pilot with maneuver and mission tasks, bridging the gap between manual and autonomous flight. Multiple maneuver and mission aiding functions were prototyped and evaluated in simulation and flight test. The algorithms were developed in a platform agnostic manner, with a subset of the functions evaluated on three different demonstration aircraft: an H-6, AH-64 and an H-47. This paper describes the maneuver and mission aiding tactile cueing functions developed as well as the results from both piloted simulation and flight testing evaluations. Metrics were created and collected to quantify benefits in the categories of mission productivity, handing qualities, pilot workload, performance, and safety. The results showed significant benefit in each of these metrics area for each of the aircraft, suggesting that similar benefits can be expected if such maneuver and mission aid tactile cueing functions are applied to other platforms.
Abstract 154: Genome-wide profiling of histone and DNA methylation in prostate cells during EMT and malignant transformation (2010)

Abstract The loss of epithelial characteristics and the acquisition of a migratory phenotype, referred to as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), is a crucial event in tumor metastasis. Epigenetic modifications have been shown to be very critical in gene regulation during carcinogenesis, yet the role in EMT remains to be clarified. We report here a genome-wide analysis of histone methylation (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3), DNA methylation (DNAMe) and gene expression profiles in epithelial cells (EP156T) and their progeny mesenchymal cells (EPT1) and transformed cells (EPT2) in a cell culture model of stepwise prostate carcinogenesis. We found that H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 are very clear marks of active or repressed genes, while DNA methylation is only slightly associated with gene repression in all three cell lines. However, DNA methylation is a strong silencing mark when H3K4me3/DNAMe bivalently marked genes were excluded. Analysis of the transcription activities of genes with bivalent marks showed that H3K4me3/K27me3 is a repressive mark while H3K4me3/DNAMe is an active mark of gene expression. In individual genes, the transcription activities of genes with bivalent marks most likely correspond to the stronger mark. Furthermore, quantitative changes of H3K4me3 or H3K27me3 during EMT were correlated positively and negatively to activated and repressed transcription, respectively. Finally, a set of critical genes during EMT, including epithelial cell junction genes and the EMT inducers, FGFRs, were identified to show consistent changes concerning epigenetic modification and gene expression. All these findings provide the first blueprint of genome-wide epigenetic modification during EMT in prostate cells. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 154.
Cross-Layer Band Selection and Routing Design for Diverse Band-Aware DSA Networks (2020)

As several new spectrum bands are opening up for shared use, a new paradigm of Diverse Band-aware Dynamic Spectrum Access (d-DSA) has emerged. d-DSA equips a secondary device with software defined radios (SDRs) and utilize whitespaces (or idle channels) in multiple bands, including but not limited to TV, LTE, Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS), unlicensed ISM. In this paper, we propose a decentralized, online multi-agent reinforcement learning based cross-layer BAnd selection and Routing Design (BARD) for such d-DSA networks. BARD not only harnesses whitespaces in multiple spectrum bands, but also accounts for unique electro-magnetic characteristics of those bands to maximize the desired quality of service (QoS) requirements of heterogeneous message packets; while also ensuring no harmful interference to the primary users in the utilized band. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that BARD outperforms the baseline dDSAaR algorithm in terms of message delivery ratio, however, at a relatively higher network latency, for varying number of primary and secondary users. Furthermore, BARD greatly outperforms its single-band DSA variants in terms of both the metrics in all considered scenarios.
Framework for Unifying Model-based and Data-driven Fault Diagnosis (2018)

Model-based diagnosis methods rely on a model that defines nominal behavior of a dynamic system to detect abnormal behaviors and isolate faults. On the other hand, data-driven diagnosis algorithms detect and isolate system faults by operating exclusively on system measurements and using very little knowledge about the system. Recently, several researchers have combined model-based diagnosis techniques with datadriven approaches to propose hybrid1solutions for fault diagnosis. Many researchers have proposed methods to integrate specific approaches. In this paper, we demonstrate that data-driven and model-based diagnosis methods follow a similar procedure and can be represented by a general unifying framework. This unifying framework for fault detection and isolation can be used to integrate different methodologies developed by two communities. As a case study, we use the proposed framework to build a crossover solution for fault diagnosis in a wind turbine benchmark. In this case study, we show that it is possible to achieve a better diagnosis performance by using a hybrid method that follows the proposed framework.
A Novel Wearable Electronic Nose for Healthcare Based on Flexible Printed Chemical Sensor Array (2014)

A novel wearable electronic nose for armpit odor analysis is proposed by using a low-cost chemical sensor array integrated in a ZigBee wireless communication system. We report the development of a carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/polymer sensor array based on inkjet printing technology. With this technique both composite-like layer and actual composite film of CNTs/polymer were prepared as sensing layers for the chemical sensor array. The sensor array can response to a variety of complex odors and is installed in a prototype of wearable e-nose for monitoring the axillary odor released from human body. The wearable e-nose allows the classification of different armpit odors and the amount of the volatiles released as a function of level of skin hygiene upon different activities.
Asymmetric catalytic aza-Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction for the synthesis of 3-substituted-3-aminooxindoles with chiral quaternary carbon centers (2013)

The asymmetric catalytic aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman (aza-MBH) reaction of isatin-derived ketimines with MVK has been established by using chiral amino and phosphino catalysts. The reaction resulted in biomedically important 3-substituted 3-amino-2-oxindoles in good yields (>80% for most cases) and with excellent enantioselectivity (90-99% ee). Twenty-eight cases assembled with chiral quaternary stereogenic centers have been examined under convenient systems.
Die Behandlung traumatischer Weichteilwunden mit der Vakuumtherapie – Grundlagen, Indikationen und klinische Anwendung (2009)

The management of complex soft-tissue injuries remains a challenge for the surgeon. The treatment of acute and chronic wounds with the vacuum-assisted-closure technique (VAC) is an efficient and widely accepted alternative for wound management. The clinical experience of the last two decades, as well as a number of animal and in-vitro-studies describe the potential advantages of this method compared to conventional wound treatment, even though the evidence for its superiority is only weak. The potential effects of VAC therapy are attributed to (1) continuous removal of wound fluid and debris, (2) the stimulation of the formation of granulation tissue, and (3) wound retraction due to negative pressure. Other advantages are the easy handling, the patient comfort and the hygienic shielding of the wound against environmental contamination.
Distinguishability and identifiability of contact states (2004)

An important component of machine perception is the estimation of contact states during task execution. This paper addresses two fundamental questions that must be answered when formulating mathematical descriptions of the contact states: Are two contact states distinguishable from each other? Can the unknown or imprecisely known parameters in these descriptions be identified? A technique is presented to answer these questions, which is based on a Taylor series expansion of the contact state's constraint equations. The approach is illustrated through several examples.
Automatically capturing sleep and social factors to understand ramadan in the real world (2014)

We live in a fast-paced busy world where one of the key biomedical factors we compensate with is sleep. Sleep impacts many facets of our lives from chronic disorders to workplace productivity, happiness and many other dimensions that we are continually discovering. Advances in technology and health informatics have made it possible to measure and understand sleep and related social factors in the real world. We are specifically interested in understanding sleep before and during the month of Ramadan — a time when people fast from sunrise to sunset. This fast is observed by more than a billion humans yearly and consequently there are some impacts to the society. In this paper we introduce the development of a health information system capable of acquiring, managing and visualizing health data for 1. Sleep signals were acquired by utilizing wireless sensing technology to measure sleep in a naturalistic setting rather than asking users to sleep in a sleep laboratory and 2. Social factors captured from surveys through a web platform rather than utilizing paper surveys. The system was developed to be easy-to-use by users and study administrators. We introduce to our knowledge the first research study, Fasting In Ramadan Research sTudy (FIRST@Masdar), capturing sleep and social factors before and during Ramadan from a total of 40 participants over two consecutive fasting years of 2012 and 2013.
An overview of cannabis based treatment in Crohn’s disease (2020)

<b>Introduction</b>: Cannabis use among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is common. There are many studies of various laboratory models demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effect of cannabis, but their translation to human disease is still lacking.<b>Areas covered</b>: The cannabis plant contains many cannabinoids, that activate the endocannabinoid system. The two most abundant phytocannabinoids are the psychoactive Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and the (mostly) anti-inflammatory cannabidiol (CBD). Approximately 15% of IBD patients use cannabis to ameliorate disease symptoms. Unfortunately, so far there are only three small placebo controlled study regarding the use of cannabis in active Crohns disease, combining altogether 93 subjects. Two of the studies showed significant clinical improvement but no improvement in markers of inflammation.<b>Expert opinion</b>: Cannabis seems to have a therapeutic potential in IBD. This potential must not be neglected; however, cannabis research is still at a very early stage. The complexity of the plant and the diversity of different cannabis chemovars create an inherent difficulty in cannabis research. We need more studies investigating the effect of the various cannabis compounds. These effects can then be investigated in randomized placebo controlled clinical trials to fully explore the potential of cannabis treatment in IBD.
ATTENUATION OF CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT VASCULOPATHY BY ADENOVIRAL GENE TRANSFER OF INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (1999)

191 Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is characterized by diffuse concentric hyperplasia of the intimal layer of small- and medium-sized arteries that progress to luminal occlusion. This intimal hyperplasia is due to the migration and uncontrolled proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), which is inhibit by nitric oxide (NO). We have shown in chronic rejection that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an enzyme responsible for the production of large amounts of NO, is increased in VSMC. Cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus exacerbate allograft vasculopathy and inhibit iNOS gene expression. We have demonstrated that human iNOS gene transfer via an adenoviral vector (AdiNOS) prevents intimal hyperplasia in an aortic transplant model. The aim of this study was to determine whether AdiNOS gene transfer could prevent the development of CAV in rat hearts. AdiNOS transduced PVG hearts were transplanted heterotopically into ACI recipients. Rats were treated with CsA at 5 mg/kg/d, IM, for 10 days. Untransduced syngeneic (PVG to PVG) and allogeneic (PVG to ACI) grafts served as controls. Heart grafts were recovered at 60 to 90 days, fixed in 10% formalin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. All coronary arteries with diameter > 80 μm were graded (based on the percent of luminal occlusion) on scale of 0 (none) to 5 (>75%). Compared to the untreated allogeneic controls, AdiNOS treated allografts had a significantly lower percentage of diseased vessels (Table 1). Additionally, the average CAV score was significantly lower in the iNOS treated allografts when compared to untreated allografts. There was no significant difference in the percentage of diseased vessels and the degree of CAV between iNOS allografts and isografts. With the established capacity of NO to limit intimal hyperplasia in vascular injury models, we hypothesized and have shown that the intramural upregulation of iNOS in the cardiac allograft suppresses the development of allograft arteriosclerosis. These data demonstrate that iNOS gene transfer may be an effective strategy to prevent the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. We are continuing long-term experiments using this model investigating six- and twelve-month arteriosclerosis attenuation, as well as a new long-term vector, adeno-associated virus (AAViNOS).Table 1
High-Resolution Sonars: What Resolution Do We Need for Target Recognition? (2010)

Target recognition in sonar imagery has long been an active research area in the maritime domain, especially in the mine-counter measure context. Recently it has received even more attention as new sensors with increased resolution have been developed; new threats to critical maritime assets and a new paradigm for target recognition based on autonomous platforms have emerged. With the recent introduction of Synthetic Aperture Sonar systems and high-frequency sonars, sonar resolution has dramatically increased and noise levels decreased. Sonar images are distance images but at high resolution they tend to appear visually as optical images. Traditionally algorithms have been developed specifically for imaging sonars because of their limited resolution and high noise levels. With high-resolution sonars, algorithms developed in the image processing field for natural images become applicable. However, the lack of large datasets has hampered the development of such algorithms. Here we present a fast and realistic sonar simulator enabling development and evaluation of such algorithms.We develop a classifier and then analyse its performances using our simulated synthetic sonar images. Finally, we discuss sensor resolution requirements to achieve effective classification of various targets and demonstrate that with high resolution sonars target highlight analysis is the key for target recognition.
Underuse of Radiation Therapy After Breast Conservation Surgery in Puerto Rico: A Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry–Health Insurance Linkage Database Study (2017)

Underuse of RT after BCS was identified in Puerto Rico. Patients enrolled in Medicare and those who were dually eligible for Medicaid and Medicare were more likely to receive RT after BCS compared with patients with Medicaid alone. There were geographic variations in the receipt of RT on the island.
APOL1 Null Alleles from a Rural Village in India Do Not Correlate with Glomerulosclerosis (2012)

This small study cannot provide definitive conclusions but the absence of glomerulosclerosis in this unique population is consistent with the possibility that African-American glomerulosclerosis is caused, not by loss of APOL1 function, but by other mechanisms including a subtle gain of function or by the "genetic hitchhiking" of deleterious mutations in a gene linked to APOL1 G1 and G2.
The Effect of Joint Allocation Policies on Preference-Triggered Vertical Handoffs (2006)

A vertical handoff describes the event when a mobile terminal changes its association from one type of wireless access technology to another, whether or not the networks involved belong to one provider. Of the many intricacies yet to be understood in heterogeneous wireless networks is the exact effect of vertical handoffs due to different triggers. In this paper, an attempt is made to dichotomize the interaction of preference-triggered vertical handoffs and joint allocation policies. A general framework for evaluating allocation policies in heterogeneous environments is described. Models for disjoint and joint resource management are developed. Adequate admission control policies are also presented. It is found that, even though a joint allocation policy does enhance service delivery to new-call requests, handoff-call requests may undergo slight negative effects.
Ultrasteep voltage dependence in a membrane channel. (1987)

A mechanism for regulating voltage-gated channels is presented. The treatment amplifies the effect of the applied membrane potential resulting in a dramatic increase in the channel's voltage dependence. Addition of a large polyvalent anion to the medium bathing a phospholipid bilayer containing the voltage-dependent channel from the mitochondrial outer membrane, VDAC, induced up to a 12-fold increase in the channel's voltage sensitivity. The highest polyvalent anion concentration tested resulted in an e-fold conductance change for a 0.36-mV change in membrane potential. On the low end, a concentration of 2 microM resulted in a 50% increase in VDAC voltage dependence. A mechanism based on polyvalent anion accumulation in the access resistance region at the mouth of the pore is consistent with all findings. Perhaps the voltage dependence of voltage-gated channels is amplified in vivo by polyvalent ions. If so, the control of excitable phenomena may be under much finer regulation than that provided by membrane potential alone.