gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potentiostatically Electrodeposited Hard-Magnetic Fe–Pd-Based Nanowires (2015)

Near equiatomic Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">52±3</sub> Pd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">48±3</sub> nanowires (NWs) with the length of 3.5 μm and diameter of ≈200 nm were potentiostatically deposited at -1.1 V for 900 s into a porous anodic aluminum oxide template. Cylindrical NWs with a consistent composition along their length were obtained after introducing two additional steps prior to the electrodeposition (ED) of the Fe-Pd NWs, i.e., template wetting and pre-ED of Au NWs. The as-deposited Fe-Pd NWs were isotropic and nanocrystalline with an fcc crystal structure and were magnetically soft. The influence on the development of the coercivity with annealing temperature and time due to the L1 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> transformation was investigated. For this purpose, the as-deposited NWs were annealed at temperatures from 400 °C to 700 °C for 1-5 h in Ar + H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and the phase transformation, microstructure and magnetic properties were analyzed. The coercivity was found to increase by increasing the annealing temperature, as the L1 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ordering becomes more complete. A maximum in the coercivity of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C||</sub> = 267 kA/m and Mr/M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s||</sub> = 0.85 was achieved upon annealing at 600 °C for 4 h. The high remanence is attributed to the exchange coupling between the nanosized grains and/or the coupling between the soft [α-Fe, y-(Fe,Pd), fcc-FePd] and hard L1 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> phases. The effect of the deposited Au NWs prior to the Fe-Pd NWs' deposition on the L1 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ordering was evaluated as well; however, the magnetic properties were significantly decreased due to the formation of soft-magnetic phases, i.e., (Au, Fe) and (Au, Pd).
Effect of Switching the Length of Alkyl Chains on Electric Double Layer Structure and Differential Capacitance at the Electrode Interface of Quaternary Ammonium-Based Ionic Liquids Studied Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation (2020)

Electric double-layer structure at the electrode interface has been studied by using molecular dynamics simulation on four quaternary ammonium-based ionic liquids (QaILs) to investigate the effect of switching the alkyl chain length of the Qa cation. These four QaILs are composed of a common anion, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)- amide (TFSA⁻) and different cations: butyltrimethylammonium (N₁₁₁₄⁺, k = 1), dibutyldimethylammonium (N₁₁₄₄⁺, k = 2), tributylmethylammonium (N₁₄₄₄⁺, k = 3), and tetrabutylammonium (N₄₄₄₄⁺, k = 4), where k represents the number of butyl chains. The difference in k affects the potential dependence for the composition of the first ionic layer and the orientation of butyl chains in the layer. For the case of k = 1, 2, 3, the butyl chains parallel to the interface increases as the potential becomes negative, but further negative potential results in the increase in perpendicular ones. In the case of k = 1, all the cations in the first ionic layer show the perpendicular orientation at the negative potentials, forming a honeycomb lattice consisting of only cations. On the other hand, in the case of k = 4, no change in orientation has been observed due to the geometrical restrictions. The difference in k also affects the differential capacitance. The potential dependence of differential capacitance shows bell shape for the smaller two (k = 1, 2) and camel shape for the larger two (k = 3, 4). The camel shape for larger IL cations agrees with the prediction from the mean-field lattice gas model and recent experimental results. The differential capacitance at negative potentials deviated to the values higher than the model prediction and the discrepancy becomes greater for smaller k. The results indicate that the potential dependence of ionic orientation significantly affects the differential capacitance. Even for k = 4, which does not show the orientational change, the discrepancy has been observed, indicating that not only the orientational change but also the densification of ions in the first ionic layer are the factors we should take into account beyond the lattice gas model.
Array of Magnetic Nanoparticles via Particle Co-operated Self-Assembly in Block Copolymer Thin Film (2009)

The influence of nanoparticles on the domain orientation in a particle co-operated self-assembly process in thin diblock copolymer films is investigated toward the preparation of ordered magnetic nanoparticle arrays. Thin films are prepared from a mixture of chemically masked iron oxide nanoparticles and a polystyrene-block-poly (methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer. The resulting nanostructures are investigated with grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Nanoparticles arrange themselves spontaneously inside the upright cylindrical domains due to the selective affinity to the poly (methyl methacrylate) minority phase during the microphase separation process and due to the balance of the surface free energies between the polymers and the nanoparticle coating after annealing. The incorporation of the nanoparticles inside the cylindrical domains increases the diameter of the cylindrical domains and the distance between two neighboring domains. A spatially ordered arrangement of magnetic nanoparticles is observed below a critical concentration of 0.2 vol % for the investigated molecular weight of 77 kg/mol.
3-Keto Reductase Activity of Estradiol-17.BETA. Dehydrogenase and Its Contribution to Androgen Metabolism. (1991)

Hepatic estradiol-17 beta dehydrogenase from chickens catalyzed the reduction of the 3-keto group of androgens such as 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione as well as the 17-keto reduction of 4-androstene-3,17-dione and dehydroepiandrosterone. The reaction products from 17-ketosteroid and 3-ketosteroid substrates were identified as 17 beta-hydroxysteroids and 3 beta-hydroxysteroids, respectively, by thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Barbital inhibited both 17 beta-estradiol dehydrogenase and 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione reductase activity noncompetitively giving the same kinetic constant, Ki = 50 microM. 5 alpha-Androstane-3,17-dione competitively inhibited 17 beta-estradiol dehydrogenase activity. These results indicate that chicken liver estradiol-17 beta dehydrogenase is in fact a 3 beta- and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and that both 3- and 17-ketosteroids bind to the same catalytic site.
Abstract 18355: Predictors of Fatigue in Heart Failure (2012)

Introduction Although fatigue is regarded as a prototypical symptom of heart failure (HF), little is known about its prevalence, severity and predictors. We examined which baseline characteristics predicted fatigue at baseline in the Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in Heart Failure (CORONA). Methods CORONA enrolled 5011 patients aged ≥ 60 years with symptomatic (NYHA class II-IV), ischemic, systolic (LVEF ≤ 40%) heart failure. Fatigue “during the past few days” was measured using a five point scale: 0 none, 1 on heavy exertion, 2 moderate exertion, 3 slight exertion, 4 at rest. For the purposes of analysis, patients were grouped into 3 categories: fatigue score 0-1 (n= 588), 2 (n=1,898) and 3-4 (n= 2,525). The 3 category fatigue outcome was analyzed using ordered logistic regression, checking covariates for linearity and the proportional odds assumption. Only baseline variables that were significant (P&lt; 0.05) predictors of fatigue in univariate analyses were included in the multivariable models. Results Fatigue was reported by 96% of patients with half scoring 4 or 5 out of a possible score of 5. The baseline variables which were independent predictors of fatigue are shown in the table. NYHA class was the strongest predictor. Both atrial fibrillation/flutter and higher heart rate were predictors. Lower serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were associated with more fatigue. Adding drug therapy made little difference to the models although some treatments were additional predictors of fatigue (e.g. diuretics) whereas others (e.g. beta-blockers) were not. Notable by their absence as predictors were LVEF, blood pressure, body mass index, diabetes, renal dysfunction and NT proBNP. Discussion Fatigue was an almost universal symptom and was pronounced in many patients. Fatigue was associated with NYHA class but not measures of cardiac function (LVEF, NT proBNP). Interestingly, fatigue was associated with lower CK, probably indicative of lower muscle mass.
P300 Reappraisal of aortic stenosis severity grading inconsistencies using 3D aortic valve area (2020)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements no fundings Background Different 3D imaging modalities have been proposed to overcome the limitations in aortic stenosis (AS) grading derived from underestimation of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) area by 2D transthoracic echocardiography (2D-TTE). Transesophageal echocardiography manual and software measurements (3D-TEEm and 3D-TEEs) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) have been recently been shown as valuable tools for AS grading using a combined approach incorporating 3D LVOT measurements and 2D Doppler parameters in the continuity equation (CE). This approach results particularly useful in cases of 2D-TTE grading inconsistence. As all these 3D imaging modalities provide larger AVA compared to 2D-TTE, we have recently proposed a 1.2 cm2 AVA cut-off could to define AS severity with 3D-TEE and MDCT. Purpose To compare AVA measurements with 3D-TEEm and 3D-TEEs using MDCT as gold standard in order to assess inconsistencies and evaluate the impact of a 1.2 cm2 AVA cut-off on AS severity grading. Methods 288 patients (80 ± 11 years, 52.4% male) with symptomatic AS underwent 2D-TTE, 3D-TTEm, 3D-TEEs and MDCT within the same hospitalization. 3D-TEE LVOT reconstruction was performed manually and with semi-automated software (EchoPAC version 201). 3D-TEEm, 3D-TEEs and MDCT LVOT areas were combined with 2D-TTE Doppler parameters to calculate AVA by CE. The grading of AS was reassessed in patients with low flow-low gradient AS using a 1.2 cm2 cut-off for severity. Results Patients were classified according to flow state (stroke volume index ≥35 ml/m2 or &amp;lt;35 ml/m2) and mean pressure gradient (MPG ≥40 mmHg or &amp;lt;40 mmHg) into 4 groups: normal flow-high gradient (NF-HG; n 173, 60%), normal flow-low gradient (NF-LG; n 45, 15.5%), low flow-high gradient (LF-HG; n 39, 13.5%), and low flow-low gradient (LF-LG; n 31, 11%) AS. Among patients classified as LF-LG AS, 95%, 55%, 29% and 55% of cases were classified as severe by 2D-TTE, 3D-TEEm, 3D-TEEs and MDCT respectively using a 1.0 cm2 AVA cut-off. When the proposed severity AVA cut-off of 1.2 cm2 was applied using 3D imaging modalities, the proportion of severe AS significantly increased to 84% (p = 0.012) (3D-TEEm), 52% (p = 0.046) (3D-TEEs) and 71% (p &amp;lt; 0.001) (MDCT) respectively. Conclusion The use of a 1.2 cm2 AVA cut-off for 3D-TEE and MDCT significantly reduces the number of cases of inconsistently graded AS, increasing the proportion of patients with severe AS.
Efficient algorithms for SS/TDMA scheduling (1992)

Efficient scheduling algorithms for the slot assignment problem in a satellite-switched time-division multiple-access (SS/TDMA) system are presented. This problem is translated into a modified open-shop scheduling problem, allowing the use of known optimal algorithms. Their complexity is expressed as a function of the following parameters: the number of nonzero entries in the demand matrix, the number of uplinks, and the number of downlinks. According to the values of these parameters, the algorithm with the lowest computational complexity can be adopted. Although the computational complexity of previously published algorithms is drastically reduced, simulation results show that the results are close to previously presented solutions in terms of the assignment duration and the number of switching matrices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Use of adsorbent photocatalytic materials for air revitalization in space closed environment (2014)

The 44th International Conference on Environmental Systems was held in Tuscon, Arizona, USA on 13 July 2014 through 17 July 2014.
Separation of Crotonic Acid and 2-Pentenoic Acid Obtained by Pyrolysis of Bio-Based Polyhydroxyalkanoates Using a Spinning Band Distillation Column (2023)

Searching for renewable alternatives to produce platform chemicals, various biomasses have shown great potential as feedstock for value-added chemicals. For instance, biomass obtained by aerobic digestion of wastewater is rich in the copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). Pyrolysis of PHBV yields a mixture of crotonic acid (CA) and 2-pentenoic acid (2-PA). Application of CA and 2-PA as bio-based monomers requires purification. Purification by distillation is challenging as the high melting point of CA (72 °C) in combination with the high polymerization potential limits the temperature window for distillation severely. This study has experimentally explored the use of a spinning band distillation column (SBC) under vacuum operation to separate these acids. The thermodynamic feasibility for distillation was first studied by measuring vapor–liquid equilibrium data at relevant pressures of 50 and 100 mbar. The separation in the SBC was accomplished at 50 mbar and 40–110 °C for about 5 h. A successful recovery of CA with a high purity of >98% was achieved using a synthetic mixture of acids with a mass ratio of 80/20 (CA/2-PA). Actual pyrolyzate mixtures obtained by pyrolysis of the biomass and extracted pure PHBV were also fed to the distillation column and resulted in separation of CA with purities of 96 and 93%, respectively.
Effects of Admission Hyperglycemia on Stroke Outcome in Reperfused Tissue Plasminogen Activator–Treated Patients (2003)

Hyperglycemia before reperfusion may in part counterbalance the beneficial effect of early restoration of blood flow, which translates into a worse outcome in hyperglycemic patients despite tPA-induced recanalization.
Blue Planet dialysis: novel water-sparing strategies for reducing dialysate flow (2017)

Conservation of water in chronic HD should be considered an important responsibility of healthcare practitioners all over the world. We present a wider usage of dialysate flow rates, considering that it would lead to significant water conservation without much compromise on dialysis efficacy in small patients. We believe that further investigation into the utility of reduced dialysate flux in different populations is needed to broaden our understanding of how we can use these techniques in order to significantly reduce water consumption during chronic HD while still ensuring optimum efficacy and efficiency of the therapy.
Representational difference analysis using minute quantities of DNA (1998)

Representational difference analysis (RDA) is a differential hybridization method which can effectively isolate unique DNA sequences from complex and highly related genomes or cDNA libraries. A major drawback of the RDA analysis is the requirement for pure driver and relatively pure tester samples, ruling out the analysis of whole tissue biopsies. To circumvent this problem, we have modified the technique for the analysis of very small quantities of DNA so that pure cell populations isolated by micromanipulation from tissue sections can be analyzed. Using this modified technique, as few as 50 diploid cells ( approximately 500 pg of DNA) can be analyzed.
Synthesis, Pim kinase inhibitory potencies and in vitro antiproliferative activities of diversely substituted pyrrolo[2,3-a]carbazoles (2011)

Communication orale
The hemibiotrophic cacao pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa depends on a mitochondrial alternative oxidase for biotrophic development (2012)

The tropical pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa causes witches' broom disease in cacao. As a hemibiotrophic fungus, it initially colonizes the living host tissues (biotrophic phase), and later grows over the dead plant (necrotrophic phase). Little is known about the mechanisms that promote these distinct fungal phases or mediate the transition between them. An alternative oxidase gene (Mp-aox) was identified in the M. perniciosa genome and its expression was analyzed througout the fungal life cycle. In addition, the effects of inhibitors of the cytochrome-dependent respiratory chain (CRC) and alternative oxidase (AOX) were evaluated on the in vitro development of M. perniciosa. Larger numbers of Mp-aox transcripts were observed in the biotrophic hyphae, which accordingly showed elevated sensitivity to AOX inhibitors. More importantly, the inhibition of CRC prevented the transition from the biotrophic to the necrotrophic phase, and the combined use of a CRC and AOX inhibitor completely halted fungal growth. On the basis of these results, a novel mechanism is presented in which AOX plays a role in the biotrophic development of M. perniciosa and regulates the transition to its necrotrophic stage. Strikingly, this model correlates well with the infection strategy of animal pathogens, particularly Trypanosoma brucei, which uses AOX as a strategy for pathogenicity.
Moderate-temperature anneal of 7-nm thermal SiO2 in O2- and H2O-free atmosphere: Effects on Si-SiO2 interface-trap distribution (1991)

A silicide anneal furnace, nominally oxygen and water free, has been used to anneal in the temperature range between 500 and 800 °C, in Ar or N2, silicon/oxide structures having a dielectric layer (thermal SiO2) about 7 nm thick. Quasistatic current-voltage measurements have pointed out a dramatic increase of the interface traps after just a few minutes anneal at T=700 °C. To prove that such an increase on interface-trap concentration could be correlated to a very low oxygen and/or water content inside the anneal chamber, the same oxide films have been annealed, before metal deposition, under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV)(10−8 Torr) in the same temperature range and for the same time intervals. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis has shown an increase of the Pb(111) and Pb1(100) defect centers, leaving unchanged the density of Pb0(100) defect centers. Experimental data on annealing efficiency and the strong similarity observed between results after anneals performed in the silicide anneal furnace and under UHV lend support to the idea that the cause of the Si-SiO2 interface degradation may be the Pb center reverse-passivation reaction. Also, EPR analysis has provided evidence of a different annihilation behavior of the Pb(111) and Pb0(100) centers. Finally, the comparison between the time-zero breakdown distribution after anneal in a silicide anneal furnace and under UHV has shown that (i) the Si-SiO2 interface degradation is not a precursor step of a more complex reaction process leading to the loss of the oxide integrity; (ii) for a thin oxide layer (in our case less than 10 nm), the electrical activation of macroscopic defects during anneal under vacuum happens at temperature much lower than previously reported.
Supplementary Table S1 from Preclinical Development of a Bispecific Antibody that Safely and Effectively Targets CD19 and CD47 for the Treatment of B-Cell Lymphoma and Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1 shows the cell surface density (expressed as number of receptors per cell) for CD19, CD47, CD20 on different subpopulations in human whole blood&lt;/p&gt;
Erectile dysfunction and central obesity: an Italian perspective (2014)

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a frequent complication of obesity. The aim of this review is to critically analyze the framework of obesity and ED, dissecting the connections between the two pathological entities. Current clinical evidence shows that obesity, and in particular central obesity, is associated with both arteriogenic ED and reduced testosterone (T) levels. It is conceivable that obesity-associated hypogonadism and increased cardiovascular risk might partially justify the higher prevalence of ED in overweight and obese individuals. Conversely, the psychological disturbances related to obesity do not seem to play a major role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related ED. However, both clinical and preclinical data show that the association between ED and visceral fat accumulation is independent from known obesity-associated comorbidities. Therefore, how visceral fat could impair penile microcirculation still remains unknown. This point is particularly relevant since central obesity in ED subjects categorizes individuals at high cardiovascular risk, especially in the youngest ones. The presence of ED in obese subjects might help healthcare professionals in convincing them to initiate a virtuous cycle, where the correction of sexual dysfunction will be the reward for improved lifestyle behavior. Unsatisfying sexual activity represents a meaningful, straightforward motivation for consulting healthcare professionals, who, in turn, should take advantage of the opportunity to encourage obese patients to treat, besides ED, the underlying unfavorable conditions, thus not only restoring erectile function, but also overall health.