gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient emotion recognition using hyperdimensional computing with combinatorial channel encoding and cellular automata (2021)

In this paper, a hardware-optimized approach to emotion recognition based on the efficient brain-inspired hyperdimensional computing (HDC) paradigm is proposed. Emotion recognition provides valuable information for human-computer interactions, however the large number of input channels (&gt;200) and modalities (&gt;3) involved in emotion recognition are significantly expensive from a memory perspective. To address this, methods for memory reduction and optimization are proposed, including a novel approach that takes advantage of the combinatorial nature of the encoding process, and an elementary cellular automaton. HDC with early sensor fusion is implemented alongside the proposed techniques achieving two-class multi-modal classification accuracies of &gt;76% for valence and &gt;73% for arousal on the multi-modal AMIGOS and DEAP datasets, almost always better than state of the art. The required vector storage is seamlessly reduced by 98% and the frequency of vector requests by at least 1/5. The results demonstrate the potential of efficient hyperdimensional computing for low-power, multi-channeled emotion recognition tasks.
Collapses and Revivals of Collective Excitations in Trapped Bose Condensates (1996)

We present a quantum theory of low-lying excitations in a trapped Bose condensate with finite particle numbers. We find that even at zero temperature condensate number fluctuations and/or fluctuations of the excitation frequency due to quantum uncertainties of the mode occupation lead to a collapse of the collective modes due to dephasing. Coherent revivals of the collective excitations are predicted on a much longer timescale. Depletion of collective modes due to second-harmonic generation is discussed.
A nonhuman primate model of blue light-induced progressive outer retina degeneration showing brimonidine drug delivery system-mediated cyto- and neuroprotection (2021)

Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) characterized by atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), loss of photoreceptors, and disruption of choriocapillaris. Excessive light exposure is toxic to the retina and is a known risk factor for AMD. We first investigated the effects of blue light-induced phototoxicity on RPE and photoreceptors in nonhuman primates (NHPs, a model of progressive retinal degeneration) and then evaluated the potential cyto- and neuroprotective effects of the brimonidine drug delivery system (Brimo DDS). In the first set of experiments related to model development, parafoveal lesions of varying severity were induced using blue light irradiation of the retina of cynomolgus monkeys to evaluate the level of phototoxicity in the RPE and photoreceptors. RPE damage was assessed using fundus autofluorescence imaging to quantify areas of hypofluorescence, while thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL, photoreceptor nuclei) was quantified using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Photoreceptor function was assessed using multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). RPE damage progressively increased across all lesion severities from 2 to 12 weeks, as did the extent of ONL thinning. Lesions of high severity continued to show reduction in mfERG amplitude, reaching a statistically significant maximum reduction at 12 weeks. Collectively, the first set of experiments showed that blue light irradiation of the NHP eye resulted in progressive retinal degeneration identified by damage to RPE, ONL thinning, and disrupted photoreceptor function - hallmarks of GA in humans. We then used the model to evaluate the cyto- and neuroprotective effects of Brimo DDS, administered as a therapeutic after allowing the lesions to develop for 5 weeks. Placebo DDS or Brimo DDS were administered intravitreally and a set of untreated animals were used as an additional control. In the placebo DDS group, hypofluorescence area continued to increase from baseline, indicating progressive RPE damage, while progression was significantly slowed in eyes receiving Brimo DDS. Likewise, ONL thinning continued to progress over time in eyes that received the placebo DDS, but was reduced in Brimo DDS-treated eyes. Pharmacologically relevant brimonidine concentrations were sustained in the retina for up to 26 weeks following Brimo DDS administration. In summary, Brimo DDS demonstrated cyto- and neuroprotective effects in a novel NHP GA model of progressive retinal degeneration.
Vaginal laceration and perforation resulting from first coitus (2001)

Vaginal laceration resulting from coitus is not uncommon and is well described. Perforation of the vagina during coitus is a very rare occurrence, and there is scant literature reporting it. This is a case of a 14-year-old female who suffered both laceration and perforation of the vagina as a result of her first coitus, which was consensual. The characteristics of vaginal laceration and perforation, presentation, treatment, complications, as well as predisposing factors, are discussed.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Linear Chain Zirconium Organophosphonate (NH4)Zr[F2][H3{O3PCH2NH(CH2CO2)2}2]·3H2O·NH4Cl (1998)

The new zirconium phosphonate compound (NH4)Zr[F2][H3{O3PCH2NH(CH2CO2)2}2]·3H2O·NH4Cl was obtained from the reaction of zirconyl chloride with N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid in the presence of HF. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1̄ (No. 2) with a = 10.743(2) Å, b = 11.483(2) Å, c = 5.330(1) Å, α = 90.63(2)°, β = 96.65(2)°, γ = 97.68(2)°, and Z = 1. The structure consists of linear chains of zirconium atoms linked together by phosphonate oxygens. The zirconium atom is six-coordinated by four phosphonate oxygens and two fluoride ions. The compound represents the first example of a linear chain structure in the zirconium phosphate or phosphonate systems. The formation of such linear chains as opposed to the layered structure normally observed for zirconium phosphonates is attributed to the bulkinesss of the phosphonic acid.
Transfer Learning and Data Augmentation for Semantic Segmentation in Histopathology (2018)

The segmentation of Region Of Interests (ROIs) in high-resolution histopathological images is a task with high clinical relevance which requires large amounts of reading time from pathologists and suffers from many considerable problems, such as inter and intra-reader variability. Thus, its automation is desirable because it would hugely reduce the workload of the clinicians, while at the same time reduce the subjectivity in diagnosis. However there are still open issues like the amount of data required for training and testing algorithms, the computational load when dealing with high resolution images and, most of all, the large variability in the analyzed data (mainly due to different cell types, cell densities, stains, magnification levels, and so on).The segmentation of ROIs can be expressed as a Semantic Segmentation problem for which Deep Learning models are proven to be particular suitable.However building these models require an huge amount of annotated training data. To overcome this limitation, Transfer Learning and Data Augmentation have been proposed as possible solutions.In this thesis I show how Transfer Learning and Data Augmentation can be leveraged for Semantic Segmentation of histopathological images. To my knowledge, such approach represents a novelty not only in the biomedical field, but also in many other fields of computer vision.In this thesis the UNet convolutional-deconvolutional neural network is implemented in Keras (Tensoflow/Theano backend) and trained using the Camelyon16 Dataset (H&E breast cancer Whole-Slide Images). Whole-Slide Images (WSIs) are first preprocessed (tissue regions segmented from fatty and white background areas and then stain-normalized) and then fed as tiles to the CNN. The outputs are probability maps, whose pixel intensity values express the probability of being part of a cancer metastasis. In a second phase, a fine-tuning of the pre-trained UNet is performed on the GlaS (H&E glands images) and ISBI12 (Drosophila first instar larva ventral nerve cord ssTEM) datasets in order to understand if the trained model can be used for segment completely other types of images for which the available datasets are not sufficient. Fine Tuning was aided by a Data Augmentation pre-processing. Results are very promising and, to my knowledge, this work represents a novelty in the computer vision field.
Controlling localization of Escherichia coli populations using a two‐part synthetic motility circuit: An accelerator and brake (2017)

Probiotics, whether taken as capsules or consumed in foods, have been regarded as safe for human use by regulatory agencies. Being living cells, they serve as "tunable" factories for the synthesis of a vast array of beneficial molecules. The idea of reprogramming probiotics to act as controllable factories, producing potential therapeutic molecules under user-specified conditions, represents a new and powerful concept in drug synthesis and delivery. Probiotics that serve as drug delivery vehicles pose several challenges, one being targeting (as seen with nanoparticle approaches). Here, we employ synthetic biology to control swimming directionality in a process referred to as "pseudotaxis." Escherichia coli, absent the motility regulator cheZ, swim sporadically, missing the traditional "run" in the run:tumble swimming paradigm. Upon introduction of cheZ in trans and its signal-generated upregulation, engineered bacteria can be "programmed" to swim toward the source of the chemical cue. Here, engineered cells that encounter sufficient levels of the small signal molecule pyocyanin, produce an engineered CheZ and swim with programmed directionality. By incorporating a degradation tag at the C-terminus of CheZ, the cells stop running when they exit spaces containing pyocyanin. That is, the engineered CheZ modified with a C-terminal extension derived from the putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator YbaQ (RREERAAKKVA) is consumed by the ClpXP protease machine at a rate sufficient to "brake" the cells when pyocyanin levels are too low. Through this process, we demonstrate that over time, these engineered E. coli accumulate in pyocyanin-rich locales. We suggest that such approaches may find utility in engineering probiotics so that their beneficial functions can be focused in areas of principal benefit.
Structural plasticity of staphylococcal nuclease probed by perturbation with pressure and pH (2010)

The ionization of internal groups in proteins can trigger conformational change. Despite this being the structural basis of most biological energy transduction, these processes are poorly understood. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments at ambient and high hydrostatic pressure were used to examine how the presence and ionization of Lys-66, buried in the hydrophobic core of a stabilized variant of staphylococcal nuclease, affect conformation and dynamics. NMR spectroscopy at atmospheric pressure showed previously that the neutral Lys-66 affects slow conformational fluctuations globally, whereas the effects of the charged form are localized to the region immediately surrounding position 66. Ab initio models from SAXS data suggest that when Lys-66 is charged the protein expands, which is consistent with results from NMR spectroscopy. The application of moderate pressure (<2 kbar) at pH values where Lys-66 is normally neutral at ambient pressure left most of the structure unperturbed but produced significant nonlinear changes in chemical shifts in the helix where Lys-66 is located. Above 2 kbar pressure at these pH values the protein with Lys-66 unfolded cooperatively adopting a relatively compact, albeit random structure according to Kratky analysis of the SAXS data. In contrast, at low pH and high pressure the unfolded state of the variant with Lys-66 is more expanded than that of the reference protein. The combined global and local view of the structural reorganization triggered by ionization of the internal Lys-66 reveals more detectable changes than were previously suggested by NMR spectroscopy at ambient pressure.
Side Reaction of Significance in Preparation of Peptide- or Peptidomimetic-Based Hydroxamate Enzyme Inhibitors (2006)

Peptidic and peptidomimetic hydroxamates are increasingly being developed as potential pharmaceutical agents in targeting metalloenzymes. For a number of practical considerations, the hydroxamate moiety is often introduced in the synthesis onto valuable advanced synthetic precursors. The approach entails activation of the carboxylate of the synthetic precursor by any number of methods for the preparation of the hydroxamate. We report herein that this widely used approach in preparation of an entire class of enzyme inhibitors is problematic as documented by the formation of an undesirable cyclization product (characterized in this report), which could at times be the exclusive outcome of the carboxylate activation process.
Contribution a l'etude de la production constitue d'interferon de type i : role et expression dans les leucocytes du sang peripherique et dans des lignees infectees ou non par le vih (1994)

Au cours de ce travail, nous avons tente d'apporter quelques elements de reponse sur la production et le role des interferons de type i produits en l'absence apparente d'induction. Dans un premier temps, nous avons caracterise les sous-types d'interferons de type i impliques dans cette production, dans des cellules du sang peripherique humains de donneurs sains ainsi que dans la lignee promonocytaire u937. Grace a une methodologie fondee sur l'amplification genique, nous avons montre que ces differents types cellulaires expriment constitutivement les memes isoformes: l'ifna5 et l'ifnb1. Au moins l'un de ces sous-types d'interferon de type i est biologiquement actif dans la lignees u937 comme l'atteste l'activation constitutive du facteur de transcription isgf3 dans cette lignee. Les conditions de cette production ne paraissent pas relever de celles qui ont ete definies anterieurement. Ainsi le facteur de transcription isgf2/irf1 est indecelable dans la lignee u937. En revanche, nous avons pu identifier un autre complexe, denomme civ, dont la fonction pourrait etre similaire a celle de l'irf1/isgf2. Lors de l'infection de la lignee u937 par le vih, la production constitutive de l'ifnb1 et l'ifna5 est fortement diminuee. Ce phenomene est lie a la disparition du civ dans les cellules infectees par le vih et a pour consequence une diminution de l'expression des genes induits par l'interferon, dont ceux du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilite. En outre l'activite du vih est liee a la presence du civ, ce qui suggere que ce facteur pourrait etre implique dans la latence du vih. Parallelement, nous avons observe d'importantes alterations du controle de la proliferation cellulaire et de l'expression du proto-oncogene c-fos dans les cellules fibroblastiques murines ou l'expression de l'ifnb a ete reprimee a un niveau transcriptionel. Ainsi l'expression constitutives a bas niveau des interferons de type i semble fortement impliquee dans l'homeostasie cellulaire
A novel method of identifying inner ear malformation types by pattern recognition in the mid modiolar section (2021)

Identification of the inner ear malformation types from radiographs is a complex process. We hypothesize that each inner ear anatomical type has a uniqueness in its appearance in radiographs. The outer contour of the inner ear was captured from the mid-modiolar section, perpendicular to the oblique-coronal plane, from which the A-value was determined from CT scans with different inner ear anatomical types. The mean A-value of normal anatomy (NA) and enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome (EVAS) anatomical types was greater than for Incomplete Partition (IP) type I, II, III and cochlear hypoplasia. The outer contour of the cochlear portion within the mid-modiolar section of NA and EVAS resembles the side view of Aladdin's lamp; IP type I resembles the side-view of the Sphinx pyramid and type II a Pomeranian dog's face. The steep spiraling cochlear turns of IP type III resemble an Auger screw tip. Drawing a line parallel to the posterior margin of internal auditory canal (IAC) in axial-view, bisecting the cavity into cochlear and vestibular portions, identifies common-cavity; whereas a cavity that falls under the straight-line leaving no cochlear portion identifies cochlear aplasia. An atlas of the outer contour of seventy-eight inner ears was created for the identification of the inner malformation types precisely.
Disruption of the mouse RBP-Jк gene results in early embryonic death (1995)

The RBP-J kappa protein is a transcription factor that recognizes the sequence C(T)GTGGGGA. The RBP-J kappa gene is highly conserved in a wide variety of species and the Drosophila homologue has been shown to be identical to Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)] which plays important roles in the development of the peripheral nervous system. To explore the function of the RBP-J kappa gene in mouse embryogenesis, a mutation was introduced into the functional RBP-J kappa gene in embryonic stem (ES) cells by homologous recombination. Null mutant ES cells survived but null mutant mice showed embryonic lethality before 10.5 days of gestation. The mutant mice showed severe growth retardation as early as 8.5 days of gestation. Developmental abnormalities, including incomplete turning of the body axis, microencephaly, abnormal placental development, anterior neuropore opening and defective somitogenesis, were observed in the mutant mice at 9.5 days of gestation. RBP-J kappa mutant embryos expressed a posterior mesodermal marker FGFR1. Their irregularly shaped somites expressed a somite marker gene Mox 1 but failed to express myogenin. The RBP-J kappa gene was revealed to be essential for postimplantation development of mice.
Improving the population genetics toolbox for the study of the African malaria vector Anopheles nili: microsatellite mapping to chromosomes (2011)

Our study demonstrated that next-generation sequencing can be used to improve FISH for microsatellite mapping in species with no reference genome sequence. Physical mapping of microsatellite markers in An. nili showed that their cytological locations spanned the entire five-arm complement, allowing genome-wide inferences. The knowledge about polymorphic inversions and chromosomal locations of microsatellite markers has been useful for explaining differences in genetic variability across loci and significant differentiation observed among natural populations of An. nili.
Lysine triggers apoptosis through a NADPH oxidase‐dependent mechanism in human renal tubular cells (2012)

Progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), a primary inherited aminoaciduria characterized by massive Lysine excretion in urine. However, by which mechanisms Lysine may cause kidney damage to tubule cells is still not understood. This study determined whether Lysine overloading of human proximal tubular cells (HK-2) in culture enhances apoptotic cell loss and its associated mechanisms. Overloading HK-2 with Lysine levels reproducing those observed in urine of patients affected by LPI (10 mM) increased apoptosis (+30%; p < 0.01 vs.C), as well as Bax and Apaf-1 expressions (+30-50% p < 0.05), while downregulated Bcl-2 (-40% p < 0.05). Apoptosis induced by high Lysine was no longer observed after addition of caspase-9 and caspase-3 inhibitors while caspase-8 inhibitor had no protective effect. High Lysine induced elevations in ROS generation and NADPH oxidase subunits mRNAs (p22 (phox) +106 ± 23%, p67 (phox) +108 ± 22% and gp91 (phox) +75 ± 4% p < 0.05-0.01). In addition, the NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI prevented both ROS production and apoptosis. Treating HK-2 with antioxidants, such as Cysteine and its analog, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), rescued the HK-2 from apoptosis induced by Lysine. In summary, our data show that high Lysine in vitro increases the permissiveness of proximal tubule kidney cells to apoptosis by triggering a pathway involving NADPH oxidase signaling. This event may represent a key cellular effect in the increasing the susceptibility of human tubular cells to apoptosis when the tubules cope with a high Lysine load. This effect is instrumental to renal damage and disease progression in patients with LPI.
Romantic Discourse (1981)

The eighteenth century was a period rich in speculation about language and it is therefore hardly surprising that the inquiries into language inaugurated at that time, more philosophical than philological or morphological, should have awakened renewed interest in our own day, when inquiry into language has been at the centre of an attempt to constitute the human sciences. Two of the most important texts relating to this debate, Michel Foucault's Les Mots et les choses and Jacques Derrida's De la Grammatologie have importantly concerned themselves with eighteenth-century linguistic thought. Foucault has described the dissolution of a 'classical episteme' located within this period, where the task was 'to ascribe a name to things, and in that name to name their being'.1 Derrida has taken as his own project a critique of a metaphysics of presence in language, which significantly correlates with Foucault's formulation and which takes as its centre of inquiry Rousseau's Essai sur l'origine des langues (1781) and its filiations with the thought of Lévi-Strauss. What I want to show is that each of these thinkers significantly misrepresents the complexity of eighteenth-century thought in order to dramatise or melodramatise a moment of intellectual rupture.KeywordsEighteenth CenturyUniversal GrammarEminent DomainIdeal LanguageRomantic LiteratureThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
The Role of the Active Oxygen Produced from Gp91phox NADPH Oxidase on the Newborn Weight of Mouse Pups (2015)

It is known that active oxygen plays an important role in a reproduction. However, no report has so far investigated the influence of active oxygen produced from gp91phox NADPH oxidase on newborns. In this study, we investigated the influence of active oxygen on the weight of newborns using graviditas gp91phox-knockout (gp91phox-/-) mice. Gestational C57BL/6j (control), gp91phox-/-, and insulin-like growth factor-1-knockout (IGF-1-/-) mice were examined and the weight of the newborn mouse pups were analyzed. Gp91phox-/- and IGF-1-/- mouse pups had low weight compared with control mice. When the control mice were treated with an inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the newborn weight decreased. Conversely, when the gp91phox-/- mice were treated with an activator of ROS, the newborn weight increased, however, it remained low in the IGF-1-/- mice. Moreover, there were decreased levels of IL-1 in the plasma of graviditas gp91phox-/- mice compared with control and IGF-1-/- mice. Treatment with an IL-1 receptor antagonist in the control mice resulted in a low newborn weight, similar to the gp91phox-/- and IGF-1-/- mice. Furthermore, the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in the uterus of graviditas gp91phox-/- mice was low compared with the control and IGF-1-/- mice. These results clearly indicate that gp91phox NADPH oxidase produces ROS during graviditas. The ROS activate NLRP3, and NLRP3 leads to the production of caspase-1, which subsequently increases IL-1, thereby finally inducing IGF-1. Because the newborn weight is determined by IGF-1, gp91phox appears to be important for promoting fetal growth during graviditas