gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regio-Selective 10-Hydroxylation of Patchoulol, a Sesquiterpene, by Pithomyces Species (1981)

Of some 350 microorganisms screened, four strains of Pithomyces species were found to carry out regio-selective hydroxylation of patchoulol, a sesquiterpene, to 10-hydroxypatchoulol: Pithomyces sp. NRJ201, P. chartarum NRJ210, and, to a lesser extent, P. cynodontis ATCC 26150 and P. atro-olivaceus IFO 6651 were found to catalyze this reaction. A method has been developed by which 10-hydroxypatchoulol was obtained in 25 to 45% yields in 1- to 5-liter fermentation jars at 2 to 4 g of patchoulol per liter and isolated as pure material in 30% yields.
Six Degree-of-Freedom Haptic Display (2000)

We present an algorithm for haptic display ofmoderately complex polygonal models with a six degreeof freedom (DOF) force feedback device. We make use ofincremental algorithms for contact determination betweenconvex primitives. The resulting contact information isused for calculating the restoring forces and torques andthereby used to generate a sense of virtual touch. To speedup the computation, our approach exploits a combinationof geometric locality, temporal coherence, and predictivemethods to compute object-object contacts at kHz rates.The algorithm has been implemented and interfaced witha 6-DOF PHANToM Premium 1.5. We demonstrate itsperformance on force display of the mechanical interactionbetween moderately complex geometric structures that canbe decomposed into convex primitives.
The Polarization Optics of the Isolated Cornea (1950)

IT has long been known that the cornea, like nmost biological tissues, changes polarized light passing through it, but the possibility that-these changes vary with the intra-ocular pressure (Stanworth, 1949) justifies a further examination of the subject.
Toward a NOTCH1/FBXW7/RAS/PTEN –Based Oncogenetic Risk Classification of Adult T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Group for Research in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Study (2013)

These data demonstrate that the presence of N/F mutations in the absence of RAS or PTEN abnormalities predicts good outcome in almost 50% of adult T-ALL. Conversely, the absence of N/F or presence of RAS/PTEN alterations identifies the remaining cohort of patients with poor prognosis.
Synaptojanin Is the Major Constitutively Active Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-Phosphatase in Rodent Brain (1997)

The major constitutive phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-P3 (PtdIns) 5-phosphatase activity was purified and subjected to peptide sequence analysis providing extensive amino acid sequence which was subsequently used for cloning the cDNA. Peptide and cDNA sequences revealed that the purified PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase was identical to a splice variant of a recently cloned inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase termed synaptojanin. Since synaptojanin is not known to possess PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase activity, we verified that the purified PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase activity and synaptojanin are identical by Western blot using specific antibodies raised against synaptojanin sequences. Immunoprecipitation from crude lysates of rat brain tissue showed that synaptojanin accounts for the major part of the active PtdIns(3, 4,5)P3 5-phosphatase activity. It is also shown that the protein is localized to the soluble fraction. Expression of a truncated recombinant protein demonstrates that the conserved 5-phosphatase region of the synaptojanin gene expresses PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase activity. However, immunological analysis demonstrates that the PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase activity expressed from the synaptojanin gene in brain is due to a particular splice variant which contains a 16-amino acid insert as shown by immunoprecipitation using a specific antibody raised against this particular splice variant.
MAP estimation of whole-word acoustic models with dictionary priors (2012)

The intrinsic advantages of whole-word acoustic modeling are offset by the problem of data sparsity. To address this, we present several parametric approaches to estimating intra-word phonetic timing models under the assumption that relative timing is independent of word duration. We show evidence that the timing of phonetic events is well described by the Gaussian distribution. We explore the construction of models in the absence of keyword examples (dictionary-based), when keyword examples are abundant (Gaussian mixture models), and also present a Bayesian approach which unifies the two. Applying these techniques in a point process model keyword spotting framework, we demonstrate a 55% relative improvement in performance for models constructed from few examples.
SSD-Assisted Hybrid Memory to Accelerate Memcached over High Performance Networks (2012)

Many applications cache huge amount of data in RAM to achieve high performance. A good example is Memcached, a distributed-memory object-caching software. Memcached performance directly depends on the aggregated memory pool size. Given the constraints of hardware cost, power/thermal concerns and floor plan limits, it is difficult to further scale the memory pool by packing more RAM into individual servers, or by expanding the server array horizontally. In this paper, we propose an SSD-Assisted Hybrid Memory that expands RAM with SSD to make available a large amount of memory. Hybrid memory works as an object cache and it manages resource allocation at object granularity, which is more efficient than allocation at page granularity. It leverages the SSD fast random read property to achieve low latency object access. It organizes SSD into a log-structured sequence of blocks to overcome SSD writing anomalies. Compared to alternatives that use SSD as a virtual memory swap device, hybrid memory reduces the random access latency by 68% and 72% for read and write operations, and improves operation throughput by 15.3 times. Additionally, it reduces write traffic to SSD by 81%, which implies a 5.3 times improvement in SSD lifetime. We have integrated our hybrid memory design into Memcached. Our experiments indicate a 3.7X reduction in Memcached Get operation latency and up to 5.3X improvement in operation throughput. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first work that integrates the cutting edge SSD and InfiniBand-verbs into Memcached to accelerate its performance.
Feel the fabric via the phantom (2002)

Hemophagocytic Syndrome (HS) is a clinico-pathologic entity characterized by activation of T lymphocytes and macrophages. It may be diagnosed in association with malignant, genetic, or autoimmune diseases, but is most linked with Epstein-Barr virus. There are few reports of association between HS and Dengue in pediatrics. Dengue fever, caused by a flavivirus, is an important mosquito-transmitted disease. It can cause increased vascular permeability that leads to a bleeding diathesis or disseminated intravascular coagulation known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). We present the case of a 10 month-old-female who developed DHF and dengue shock syndrome, requiring admission to intensive care unit. She developed hemophagocytosis diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration and atypical skin changes that have not been previously described in association with dengue fever. This is an unusual case of dengue related hemophagocytic syndrome that adds to the limited pediatric cases reported in literature.
Targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in combination with antiangiogenic therapy: A phase I trial of bortezomib plus bevacizumab (2014)

Combination bevacizumab and bortezomib is well-tolerated and has demonstrated clinical activity in patients with previously treated advanced malignancy. Pharmacodynamic assessment suggests that inhibition of angiogenic activity was achieved.
Internalization of Exogenous Cystatin F Supresses Cysteine Proteases and Induces the Accumulation of Single-chain Cathepsin L by Multiple Mechanisms (2011)

Cystatin F is an unusual member of the cystatin family of protease inhibitors, which is made as an inactive dimer and becomes activated by proteolysis in the endo/lysosome pathway of the immune cells that produce it. However a proportion is secreted and can be taken up and activated by other cells. We show here that cystatin F acquired in this way induces a dramatic accumulation of the single-chain form of cathepsin L (CatL). Cystatin F was observed in the same cellular compartments as CatL and was tightly complexed with CatL as determined by co-precipitation studies. The observed accumulation of single-chain CatL was partly due to cystatin F-mediated inhibition of the putative single-chain to two-chain CatL convertase AEP/legumain and partly to general suppression of cathepsin activity. Thus, cystatin F stabilizes CatL leading to the dramatic accumulation of an inactive complex composed either of the single-chain or two-chain form depending on the capacity of cystatin F to inhibit AEP. Cross-transfer of cystatin F from one cell to another may therefore attenuate potentially harmful effects of excessive CatL activity while paradoxically, inducing accumulation of CatL protein. Finally, we confirmed earlier data (Beers, C., Honey, K., Fink, S., Forbush, K., and Rudensky, A. (2003) J. Exp. Med. 197, 169-179) showing a loss of CatL activity, but not of CatL protein, in macrophages activated with IFNγ. However, we found equivalent loss of CatL activity in wild type and cystatin F-null macrophages suggesting that an inhibitory activity other than cystatin F quenches CatL activity in activated macrophages.
A nonlinear vibration control design with a neural network realization (1990)

A novel type of nonlinear dynamic controller design is explored that was originally motivated by certain issues in the problem of vibration suppression in flexible structures. Because of the particular form of quadratic nonlinearities, the controller provides extremely efficient energy exchange mechanisms capable of rapidly draining energy away from the structural plant. In addition the controller is shown to consist of the interconnection of simple repetitive modules and its efficiency increases with the number of such modules. These features motivate the implementation of the nonlinear controller via a specified neural network architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Distortion Exponent in MIMO Fading Channels with Time-Varying Source\n Side Information (2014)

Transmission of a Gaussian source over a time-varying multiple-input\nmultiple-output (MIMO) channel is studied under strict delay constraints.\nAvailability of a correlated side information at the receiver is assumed, whose\nquality, i.e., correlation with the source signal, also varies over time. A\nblock-fading model is considered for the states of the time-varying channel and\nthe time-varying side information; and perfect state information at the\nreceiver is assumed, while the transmitter knows only the statistics. The high\nSNR performance, characterized by the \\textit{distortion exponent}, is studied\nfor this joint source-channel coding problem. An upper bound is derived and\ncompared with lowers based on list decoding, hybrid digital-analog\ntransmission, as well as multi-layer schemes which transmit successive\nrefinements of the source, relying on progressive and superposed transmission\nwith list decoding. The optimal distortion exponent is characterized for the\nsingle-input multiple-output (SIMO) and multiple-input single-output (MISO)\nscenarios by showing that the distortion exponent achieved by multi-layer\nsuperpositon encoding with joint decoding meets the proposed upper bound. In\nthe MIMO scenario, the optimal distortion exponent is characterized in the low\nbandwidth ratio regime, and it is shown that the multi-layer superposition\nencoding performs very close to the upper bound in the high bandwidth expansion\nregime.\n
The Japanese Immune Tolerance Induction (J‐ITI) study in haemophilia patients with inhibitor: Outcomes and successful predictors of ITI treatment (2018)

The results provided potentially important information for improving future success rates for ITI in inhibitor patients.
Trans-ethnic genome-wide association studies: advantages and challenges of mapping in diverse populations (2014)

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are the method most often used by geneticists to interrogate the human genome, and they provide a cost-effective way to identify the genetic variants underpinning complex traits and diseases. Most initial GWASs have focused on genetically homogeneous cohorts from European populations given the limited availability of ethnic minority samples and so as to limit population stratification effects. Transethnic studies have been invaluable in explaining the heritability of common quantitative traits, such as height, and in examining the genetic architecture of complex diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. They provide an opportunity for large-scale signal replication in independent populations and for cross-population meta-analyses to boost statistical power. In addition, transethnic GWASs enable prioritization of candidate genes, fine-mapping of functional variants, and potentially identification of SNPs associated with disease risk in admixed populations, by taking advantage of natural differences in genomic linkage disequilibrium across ethnically diverse populations. Recent efforts to assess the biological function of variants identified by GWAS have highlighted the need for large-scale replication, meta-analyses and fine-mapping across worldwide populations of ethnically diverse genetic ancestries. Here, we review recent advances and new approaches that are important to consider when performing, designing or interpreting transethnic GWASs, and we highlight existing challenges, such as the limited ability to handle heterogeneity in linkage disequilibrium across populations and limitations in dissecting complex architectures, such as those found in recently admixed populations.
Piezoelectric-piezomagnetic composites with magnetoelectric effect (1976)

In a previous paper1 we described the magnetoelectiic effect in Co ferrite-Ba titanate unidirectionally solidified eutectic, which can reach a conversion factor (α factor = 4π(dP/dH) 200 times higher than that of the best single-phase material at room temperature, Cr2O3. We subsequently developed sintered composites with an inherently less ideal structure and therefore lower conversion factor, but easier fabrication. We also developed a new poling procedure, which minimizes ageing effects. This paper is focused on the last two items.
Modeling of Damage Accumulation during Ion Implantation into Single‐Crystalline Silicon (1997)

A critical review is given on phenomenological models of damage accumulation used in binary collision (BC) computer simulations of the dose dependence of the shape of as‐implanted profiles and of the interdependence of channeling and damage buildup. The statistical approach, which assumes the accumulation of amorphous pockets, is found to be the most realistic model for doses below the amorphization threshold. The dynamic simulation of the formation of amorphous layers is described by an improved model. If within a certain depth interval the density of amorphous pockets exceeds a critical value, abrupt amorphization occurs. The model is applied in the Crystal‐TRIM code. Using only two empirical parameters, the change of the shape of range distributions with growing dose as well as the formation of amorphous layers during ion bombardment can be simulated. One parameter describes the accumulation of amorphous pockets and depends on the target temperature. The other parameter is independent of temperature and models the onset of amorphization. Results of Crystal‐TRIM calculations for , and implantations are compared with a comprehensive set of experimental data on range and damage profiles obtained by secondary ion mass spectroscopy, cross‐sectional transmision electron microscopy, and channeling Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. In general, good agreement between simulations and measurements is found.
Design and characterization of antenna arrays in eWLB package for 61 GHz radar applications (2018)

This paper presents the design of several two element antenna arrays in an eWLB package for 61 GHz radar applications. The antenna arrays are either formed of dipoles or folded dipoles. Different feeding structures were developed in order to match MMICs with differential or single-ended ports. Measurements of both insertion loss and radiation pattern were performed for five different antenna arrays. The measurement results are in good agreement with the previously performed simulations.
Altered Rous sarcoma virus Gag polyprotein processing and its effects on particle formation (1997)

Proteolytic processing of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Gag precursor was altered in vivo through the introduction of amino acid substitutions into either the polyprotein cleavage junctions or the PR coding sequence. Single amino acid substitutions (V(P2)S and P(P4)G), which are predicted from in vitro peptide substrate cleavage data to decrease the rate of release of PR from the Gag polyprotein, were placed in the NC portion of the NC-PR junction. These substitutions do not affect the efficiency of release of virus-like particles from COS cells even though recovered particles contain significant amounts of uncleaved Pr76gag in addition to mature viral proteins. Single amino acid substitutions (A(P3)F and S(P1)Y), which increase the rate of PR release from Gag, also do not affect budding of virus-like particles from cells. Substitution of the inefficiently cleaved MA-p2 junction sequence in Gag by eight amino acids from the rapidly cleaved NC-PR sequence resulted in a significant increase in cleavage at the new MA-p2 junction, but again without an effect on budding. However, decreased budding was observed when the A(P3)F or S(P1)Y substitution was included in the NC-PR junction sequence between the MA and p2 proteins. A budding defect was also caused by substitution into Gag of a PR subunit containing three amino acid substitutions (R105P, G106V, and S107N) in the substrate binding pocket that increase the catalytic activity of PR. The defect appears to be the result of premature proteolytic processing that could be rescued by inactivating PR through substitution of a serine for the catalytic aspartic acid residue. This budding defect was also rescued by single amino acid substitutions in the NC-PR cleavage site which decrease the rate of release of PR from Gag. A similar budding defect was caused by replacing the Gag PR with two PR subunits covalently linked by four glycine residues. In contrast to the defect caused by the triply substituted PR, the budding defect observed with the linked PR dimer could not be rescued by NC-PR cleavage site mutations, suggesting that PR dimerization is a limiting step in the maturation process. Overall, these results are consistent with a model in which viral protein maturation occurs after PR subunits are released from the Gag polyprotein.
Temperature dependence on the thermal conductivity of polymers in the molten state. (1990)

プローブ法による熱伝導率測定装置 (非定常法) を試作して装置の性能, 熱伝導率の温度依存性, 及び放射伝熱の影響などについて実験的に検討した. また, 本装置による実測値から, 金型内流動解析またはCAE (Computer Aided Engineering) における入力要素の一つである最適熱伝導率について考察した結果, 次のような知見を得た. プラスチックの固体域における熱伝導率は0.16~0.18kcal/m・h・℃の値を示し, 温度の上昇とともに増大する. 熱伝導率は250℃の溶融域に達すると固体域のものに比べて約39%程度高くなる. また, 溶融温度とガラス転移温度の領域で不連続性を示すことが分かった. 放射による伝熱量は, 温度に依存して固体域では2.7~7%, 溶融域では8~14%となり熱伝導率に及ぼす影響は大であるので無視できない. 特に, 溶融領域において透明になるプラスチックの熱伝導率はこの放射伝熱量を考慮して, 金型内流動解析あるいはCEAにおける入力値とする必要がある. 試作したプローブ法の本装置は±3~4%の精度で熱伝導率を測定することができる.
Radially and azimuthally polarized laser induced shape transformation of embedded metallic nanoparticles in glass (2015)

Radially and azimuthally polarized picosecond (~10 ps) pulsed laser irradiation at 532 nm wavelength led to the permanent reshaping of spherical silver nanoparticles (~30 – 40 nm in diameter) embedded in a thin layer of soda-lime glass. The observed peculiar shape modifications consist of a number of different orientations of nano-ellipsoids in the cross-section of each written line by laser. A Second Harmonic Generation crosssectional scan method from silver nanoparticles in transmission geometry was adopted for characterization of the samples after laser modification. The presented approach may lead to sophisticated marking of information in metal-glass nanocomposites.
Holography in the transmission electron microscope (2000)

In conventional electron microscopy, specimens are observed using the intensity of an electron beam. However, in electron holography [2.1], the phase as well as the intensity of the electron beam transmitted through a specimen is first recorded on film as an interference pattern, which is called a ‘hologram’. The illumination of a laser beam onto this hologram then produces an optical image of a specimen in three dimensions. To be more exact, the wavefronts of the scattered electron beam are reproduced as wavefronts of a laser beam. Although the optical wavelength is 105 times larger than the electron wavelength, the two wavefronts are otherwise alike.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green and Rhodamine B Dye over SnO2-CuO Binary Metal Oxide Nanocomposite under UV Light (2015)

While the development of various metal and metal oxide based nanocomposites as photocatalyst materials is advancing over the years, the concurrent and rapid development of high surface active photocatalyst material such as binary metal oxide nanocomposite has provided remarkable promise in the development of a multifunctional photocatalysts. The p-n type binary metal oxide is the main centre of attraction. Traditionally available photocatalysts such as TiO2, ZnO etc., lose their efficiency because of charge recombination. To overcome this problem, binary system such as SnO2-CuO nanocomposite has been selected as it will synergistically hinder the charge recombination. Considering these benefits, we intend to synthesize a variety of novel SnO2-CuO binary nanocomposite by sol-gel method. The nanocomposite will be characterized by FESEM, EDX, TGA, UV-Vis and Photoluminiscence measurements. The photocatalytic activities of SnO2-CuO, evaluated using the photodegradation of malachite green and rhodamine B dyes under the irradiation of UV light, were also found to be related to the calcination temperature and the molar ratio of Cu to Sn. The maximum photocatalytic activity of the CuO-SnO2 photocatalyst was observed to be calcined at 700°C for 2 h (the molar ratio of Cu to Sn was 1:1) due to the sample with good crystallization.
Noise-assisted traffic distribution over multi-path ad hoc routing (2011)

Computer networks have become highly complicated and less flexible to handle emerging problems which often occur nowadays. In order to cope with unpredictable problems, the concept of biologically inspired networks has been introduced, which provides a high degree of robustness and adaptability to computer networks. However, the performance of the network often relies heavily on the configurable parameters assigned during the deployment process, where end nodes cannot change these parameters during runtime to achieve the desirable performance. In this paper, we introduce a new method, called attractor perturbation (AP) allowing end nodes to influence the average of an observable performance metric at runtime without directly manipulating any optimal parameters of underlying protocols. An example application in this paper is a traffic distribution over multi-path routing protocol in MANETs, where the target variable is end-to-end delay. The approach to solve for the appropriate amount of management influence and simulation results are shown in this paper.