gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated death of megakaryocytes from Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome patients (2023)

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by WAS gene mutations resulting in haematopoietic/immune cell defects. Recent studies report accelerated death of WAS platelets and lymphocytes. Data on megakaryocyte (MK) maturation, viability and their possible role in thrombocytopenia development in WAS are limited. In this study we evaluate the MK viability and morphology in untreated, romiplostim-treated WAS patients compared with normal controls. The study included 32 WAS patients and 17 healthy donors. MKs were captured from bone marrow aspirates by surface-immobilized anti-GPIIb-IIIa antibody. Viability (by phosphatidylserine [PS] externalization), distribution by maturation stages and size of MK were determined by light microscopy. MK distribution by maturation stages in patients differed from controls. 40 ± 22% of WAS MKs versus 23 ± 11% of normal MKs were at maturation stage 3 (p = 0.02), whereas 24 ± 20% in WAS and 39 ± 14% in controls had megakaryoblast morphology (p = 0.05). Romiplostim treatment changed the MK maturation stages distribution close to normal. PS-positive (PS+) MK in WAS was significantly higher (21 ± 21%) than in healthy controls (2 ± 4%, p < 0.01). WAS patients with more damaging truncating mutations and higher disease score had higher PS+ MK fraction (Spearman r = 0.6, p < 0.003). We conclude that WAS MKs have increased cell death tendency and changes in maturation pattern. Both could contribute to thrombocytopenia in WAS patients.
Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis coordinates mitochondrial oxidative metabolism (2020)

Abstract Cells harbor two systems for fatty acid synthesis, one in the cytoplasm (catalyzed by fatty acid synthase, FASN) and one in the mitochondria (mtFAS). In contrast to FASN, mtFAS is poorly characterized, especially in higher eukaryotes, with the major product(s), metabolic roles, and cellular function(s) being essentially unknown. Here we show that hypomorphic mtFAS mutants display a severe loss of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes and exhibit compensatory metabolic activities including reductive carboxylation. This effect on ETC complexes appears to be independent of protein lipoylation, the best characterized function of mtFAS, as mutants lacking lipoylation have an intact ETC. Finally, mtFAS impairment blocks the differentiation of skeletal myoblasts in vitro . Together, these data suggest that ETC activity in mammals is profoundly controlled by mtFAS function, thereby connecting anabolic fatty acid synthesis with the oxidation of carbon fuels.
Selecting, under type-II censoring, Weibull populations that are more reliable (1990)

It is pointed out that the problem of selecting Weibull populations that are more reliable is complex; the main result is that there is no simple selection rule. Under type-II censoring, the use of a locally optimal selection rule when the shape parameters are known and the use of a modified selection rule when the unknown shape parameters have some prior distributions are proposed. The performance of this modified rule was tested extensively by simulation; this rule was shown to be quite robust for a variety of beta prior distributions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
PowerCut and Obfuscator: An Exploration of the Design Space for\n Privacy-Preserving Interventions for Voice Assistants (2018)

The pervasive use of smart speakers has raised numerous privacy concerns.\nWhile work to date provides an understanding of user perceptions of these\nthreats, limited research focuses on how we can mitigate these concerns, either\nthrough redesigning the smart speaker or through dedicated privacy-preserving\ninterventions. In this paper, we present the design and prototyping of two\nprivacy-preserving interventions: `Obfuscator' targeted at disabling recording\nat the microphones, and `PowerCut' targeted at disabling power to the smart\nspeaker. We present our findings from a technology probe study involving 24\nhouseholds that interacted with our prototypes; the primary objective was to\ngain a better understanding of the design space for technological interventions\nthat might address these concerns. Our data and findings reveal complex\ntrade-offs among utility, privacy, and usability and stresses the importance of\nmulti-functionality, aesthetics, ease-of-use, and form factor. We discuss the\nimplications of our findings for the development of subsequent interventions\nand the future design of smart speakers.\n
An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1 incompatibility in a previously sensitized dog (1995)

An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction resulting from dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1.1 incompatibility developed in a dog previously sensitized to DEA 1.1 by a transfusion 3 years earlier. The dog developed fever, pigmenturia, and lethargy, and its PCV did not rise as expected. The donor blood was type DEA 1.1 positive, whereas the recipient's blood was type DEA 1.1, DEA 1.2, and DEA 7 negative. A major crossmatch was later found to be strongly incompatible. Studies of the recipient's plasma revealed a specific anti-DEA 1.1 alloantibody of the IgG class with high hemolysin and agglutinin activity. Such acute hemolytic transfusion reactions can be avoided by crossmatching previously transfused dogs and by using dogs that are type DEA 1.1 negative (and preferably also type DEA 1.2 and DEA 7 negative) as blood donors.
Millimeter-wave 3D Printed Luneburg Lens Antenna (2019)

A flat Luneburg lens antenna is designed, fabricated and tested in the 60 GHz frequency band. The lens is built using an additive manufacturing technique and is excited by a conventional WR-15 rectangular waveguide. The radiation characteristics (main beam and side lobe level) of the lens are very stable against frequency and agree well with the results obtained from simulation. At the centre frequency of 60 GHz, gain of the lens system is approximately 15.3 dB with a half power beamwidth of 11.5 degrees.
Graphene Oxide Membrane Fuel Cells: Utilizing of a New Class of Ionic Conductor (2014)

The characterization and application of graphene oxide membranes as fuel cell electrolytes is explored and presented. Morphology, chemical composition, mechanical and electrochemical properties of vacuum-filtration prepared graphene oxide membranes and their performance as fuel cell electrolytes are discussed. Our graphene oxide membrane fuel cell (GOMFC) showed a maximum power density of ~ 6 mW/cm 2 at 30 °C. Power density exhibited a decrease with increasing temperature and operation time, possibly due to partial loss of oxygen through reduction, and a resulting decrease in water-mediated proton transport.
Earley-style parsing for relational grammars (2003)

Predictive, Earley-style parsing for unrestricted relational grammars faces a number of problems not present in a context-free string grammar counterpart. Here a subclass of unrestricted relational grammars called fringe relational grammars is proposed along with an Earley-style recognition algorithm. The grammar makes use of fringe elements (the minimal and maximal elements of partially ordered sets) in defining its productions. The parsing algorithm uses indexing methods based on fringe elements in order to take advantage of equivalence relations on parse table entries, thus avoiding redundant processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Phase-sensitive amplified DWDM DQPSK signals using free-running Lasers with 6-dB link SNR improvement over EDFA-based systems (2010)

For the first time, we experimentally demonstrate a modulation-format independent, WDM-compatible link concept with up to 6-dB SNR advantage over conventional EDFA amplified links, by using a frequency-non-degenerate copier and phase-sensitive fiber amplifier based design.
Membrane (2010)

We introduce Membrane, a set of changes to the operating system to support restartable file systems. Membrane allows an operating system to tolerate a broad class of file system failures, and does so while remaining transparent to running applications; upon failure, the file system restarts, its state is restored, and pending application requests are serviced as if no failure had occurred. Membrane provides transparent recovery through a lightweight logging and checkpoint infrastructure, and includes novel techniques to improve performance and correctness of its fault-anticipation and recovery machinery. We tested Membrane with ext2, ext3, and VFAT. Through experimentation, we show that Membrane induces little performance overhead and can tolerate a wide range of file system crashes. More critically, Membrane does so with little or no change to existing file systems, thus improving robustness to crashes without mandating intrusive changes to existing file-system code.
Transmission of stationary pulses at 1.55 μm over 3600 km standard fiber concatenated with analog optoelectronic repeaters (1996)

The pulse width evolution in fiber links concatenated by simple analog bit rate transparent optoelectronic repeaters is experimentally investigated, demonstrating transmission of pulses at 1.55 μm with stationary pulse width of 150 ps over 3600 km concatenated 60-km standard fiber links. The experiments agree well with simulations and theory.
Discrete-time Markov models for path delays in multipath channels (2002)

We describe a new parameter estimation method for the multipath arrival process in wideband communication channels. Previous efforts have employed the "modified Poisson" or /spl Delta/-K model in which path arrivals are modeled as a time-inhomogeneous Markov chain. We improve upon methods used thus far by utilizing maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation of the Markov transition probabilities, or equivalently, the underlying path (bin) occupancy probabilities and clustering coefficients. This model provides a useful statistical description of the rival process for evaluation of multipath-combining receiver structures.
Crystalline zirconia oxide on silicon as alternative gate dielectrics (2001)

Epitaxial crystalline yittria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) oxide films were grown on silicon wafers by the laser molecular beam epitaxy technique. The interface of crystalline YSZ film in contact with silicon was found to be atomically sharp and commensurately crystallized without an amorphous layer. An x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profile and transmission electron microscopy investigation showed that no SiO2 formed at the interface. For a film with electrical equivalent oxide thickness (teox) 14.6 Å, the leakage current is about 1.1×10−3 A/cm2 at 1 V bias voltage. The hysteresis and interface state density in this film are measured to be less than 10 mV and 2.0×1011 eV−1 cm−2, respectively.
Mechanisms for autophagy modulation by isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway inhibitors in multiple myeloma cells (2015)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the production of monoclonal protein (MP). We have shown previously that disruption of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway (IBP) causes a block in MP secretion through a disruption of Rab GTPase activity, leading to an enhanced unfolded protein response and subsequent apoptosis in MM cells. Autophagy is induced by cellular stressors including nutrient deprivation and ER stress. IBP inhibitors have been shown to have disparate effects on autophagy. Here we define the mechanisms underlying the differential effects of IBP inhibitors on autophagic flux in MM cells utilizing specific pharmacological inhibitors. We demonstrate that IBP inhibition induces a net increase in autophagy as a consequence of disruption of isoprenoid biosynthesis which is not recapitulated by direct geranylgeranyl transferase inhibition. IBP inhibitor-induced autophagy is a cellular defense mechanism as treatment with the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 enhances the cytotoxic effects of GGPP depletion, but not geranylgeranyl transferase inhibition. Immunofluorescence microscopy studies revealed that IBP inhibitors disrupt ER to Golgi trafficking of monoclonal light chain protein and that this protein is not a substrate for alternative degradative pathways such as aggresomes and autophagosomes. These studies support further development of specific GGTase II inhibitors as anti-myeloma agents.
A new approach for cytokinin isolation from Arabidopsis tissues using miniaturized purification: pipette tip solid-phase extraction (2012)

The combination of microextraction with one-step high-throughput purification provides fast, effective and cheap sample preparation prior to qualitative and quantitative measurements. Our procedure can be used after modification also for other phytohormones, depending on selectivity, affinity and capacity of the selected sorbents.
A miniature patient‐mount navigation system for assisting needle placement in CT‐guided intervention (2011)

We concluded that the accuracy of our system is within the comparable range of the existing navigation systems.
Parasite histones mediate leak and coagulopathy in cerebral malaria (2019)

Abstract Coagulopathy and leak, specific to the brain vasculature, are central pathogenetic components of cerebral malaria (CM). It is unclear how the parasite, Plasmodium falciparum , triggers these processes. Extracellular histones, released from damaged host cells, bind to cell membranes and cause coagulation activation, platelet aggregation and vascular leak in diverse critical illnesses. In CM patients with P. falciparum , serum histones correlate with fibrin formation, thrombocytopenia, and endothelial activation and predict brain swelling on magnetic resonance imaging and fatal outcome. Post-mortem, histones bind to the luminal vascular surface, co-localizing with P. falciparum -infected erythrocytes (IE), and with thrombosis and leak. Purified P. falciparum histones cause toxicity and barrier disruption in cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells, as does serum from CM patients, reversed by anti-histone antibodies and non-anticoagulant heparin. These data implicate parasite histones as a key trigger of fatal brain swelling in CM. Neutralizing histones with agents such as non-anticoagulant heparin warrant exploration to prevent brain swelling and improve outcome.
Rapid Synthesis of Acyl Transfer Auxiliaries for Cysteine-Free Native Glycopeptide Ligation (2004)

[reaction: see text] Rapid, facile routes to the TFA-cleavable 4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-mercaptobenzyl and 1-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-mercaptoethyl classes of auxiliaries for cysteine-free native chemical ligation are described. Rapid synthesis, coupled with mild cleavage conditions will undoubtedly broaden the utility of such auxiliaries, particularly where chemically fragile peptide modifications such as glycosylation are present.
Prognosis of patients who develop cervical lymph node recurrence following curative resection for thoracic esophageal cancer (2006)

Patients with esophageal cancer often display relapse at cervical nodes after surgery, but their prognosis and a suitable therapy remains unknown. We retrospectively reviewed the records for 35 patients who underwent esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy who then displayed relapse at the cervical lymph nodes alone between 1985 and 2003 in order to observe the prognostic factors for such patients. Median survival time from the date of recurrence for all 35 patients was 12 months with 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rate of 47.2%, 26.5%, 17.7% and 8.8%, respectively. With regard to the initial treatment against cervical node recurrence, 15 patients were treated by radiotherapy alone, eight by chemoradiotherapy, 11 by surgery and one by chemotherapy alone. Univariate analysis revealed that cervical node dissection at the prior esophagectomy (yes/no, P = 0.0178), time to recurrence (> 9 months or < 9 months, P = 0.0497) and the number of relapsed nodes (solitary/multiple, P = 0.0029) were significant prognostic factors. Among these factors, the number of relapsed nodes (solitary/multiple) was found to be the only significant prognostic factor with an odds ratio of 2.409 and 95% confidence interval of 1.033-5.619 by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, cervical node metastasis is generally considered to be distant organ metastasis. However, if it is a solitary node recurrence, substantial survival can be attained by appropriate loco-regional therapy.
Depolarized light scattering from monatomic fluids (1973)

Computer experiments on dense argon are used to evaluate the depolarized spectrum of scattered light. Certain features of the spectrum can be associated with the dynamics of atomic motions in the fluid. The calculations show that the uncorrelated binary collision picture is inadquate since the major time dependence in the variation of the polarizability of the system comes from the correlated reorientation of pairs.
The anti‐ageing effects of a natural peptide discovered by artificial intelligence (2020)

pep_RTE62G represents a natural, unmodified peptide with AI-predicted and experimentally validated anti-ageing properties. Our results affirm the utility of AI in the discovery of novel, functional topical ingredients.
Heterocyclen aus Lactonen, Lactamen und Thiollactonen, XIV1) Über Reaktionen des α‐Acetyl‐γ‐butyrolactons mit heterocyclischen Aminen (1973)

Abstract α‐Acetyl‐γ‐butyrolacton ( 1 ) reagiert mit den 2‐Amino‐pyridinen 2a – c , dem 2‐Amino‐Δ 1 ‐pyrrolin ( 9 ), ‐isoindol ( 12 ), ‐Δ 2 ‐imidazolin ( 15 ) und ‐Δ 2 ‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidin ( 16 ) zu kondensierten heterocyclischen Systemen, wie Pyrido‐ ( 3a – c ), Pyrrolo‐ ( 10 , 11 ), Imidazo‐ ( 17 ) und Pyrimido[1,2‐ a ]pyrimidinen ( 18 ). Die Strukturen dieser Produkte werden durch die spektroskopischen Daten (UV, IR und NMR) gestützt.
A generalization of picard's theorem with moving targets (2001)

For given 2n+1 hyperplanes with moving targets in pointwise general position and any holomorphic map f from into a n-dimensional complex projective space omitting those 2n+1 hyperplanes, we show that there exist finitely many (n+1)×(n+1) everywhere invertible matrices with entire holomorphic functions as entries such that the holomorphic map f multiplied by one of the matrices becomes constant. In addition, this set of matrices depends only on the hyperplanes, and can be determined effectively.
Geometrical Bounds on Irreversibility in Open Quantum Systems (2018)

The Clausius inequality has deep implications for reversibility and the arrow of time. Quantum theory is able to extend this result for closed systems by inspecting the trajectory of the density matrix on its manifold. Here we show that this approach can provide an upper and lower bound to the irreversible entropy production for open quantum systems as well. These provide insights on how the information on the initial state is forgotten through a thermalization process. Limits of the applicability of our bounds are discussed and demonstrated in a quantum photonic simulator.
Study on the Regularity of the Center Quality of Cross Wedge Rolling Asymmetric Shaft Parts Based on Parity Wedge (2014)

In order to expand cross wedge rolling technology applications further and improving the quality of asymmetric shaft parts, this paper predicts the position of center defect location of Cross Wedge Rolling asymmetric shaft parts based on Parity Wedge by Normalized C &amp; L criteria. On this basis, it conducted a systematic study on the effect of forming angle on quality of rolling core part. It has found that, during the forming process of Cross Wedge Rolling shaft parts, rolling center region was more prone to damage, and achieved the regularity of process parameters on the quality of core part. The study results lay the theoretical foundation for preventing defects effectively and improving quality of rolling core part.
Game Theoretic Modeling of Driver and Vehicle Interactions for Verification and Validation of Autonomous Vehicle Control Systems (2017)

Autonomous driving has been the subject of incre- ased interest in recent years both in industry and in academia. Serious efforts are being pursued to address legal, technical, and logistical problems and make autonomous cars a viable option for everyday transportation. One significant challenge is the time and effort required for the verification and validation of the decision and control algorithms employed in these vehicles to ensure a safe and comfortable driving experience. Hundreds of thousands of miles of driving tests are required to achieve a well calibrated control system that is capable of operating an autonomous vehicle in an uncertain traffic environment where interactions among multiple drivers and vehicles occur simultaneously. Traffic simulators where these interactions can be modeled and represented with reasonable fidelity can help to decrease the time and effort necessary for the development of the autonomous driving control algorithms by providing a venue where acceptable initial control calibrations can be achieved quickly and safely before actual road tests. In this paper, we present a game theoretic traffic model that can be used to: 1) test and compare various autonomous vehicle decision and control systems and 2) calibrate the parameters of an existing control system. We demonstrate two example case studies, where, in the first case, we test and quantitatively compare two autonomous vehicle control systems in terms of their safety and performance, and, in the second case, we optimize the parameters of an autonomous vehicle control system, utilizing the proposed traffic model and simulation environment.
Heat and Acid Leach Treatments to Lower Phosphorus Levels in Goethitic Iron Ores (2012)

Phosphorus associated with goethite in high-phosphorus (>0.10 mass% P) iron ores was lowered to below 0.075 mass% P with a heat treatment at 300 or 350°C for 1 h followed by a sulphuric acid (H2SO4) leach. This phosphorus removal was associated with a sample weight loss of 10–20 mass% due to dissolution of iron oxides. After heating at 900°C for 1 h, a sulphuric acid leach resulted in similar phosphorus removal but with dissolution of less than 3 mass% of the sample. The weight losses in the leach are associated with phase changes of the phosphorus-containing goethite phase during heating. Heating at 300 or 350°C resulted in conversion of the goethite into an intermediate hematite phase (protohematite), while heating at 900°C gave a dense hematite phase. Compared with goethite in the ore, the more porous protohematite phase was more soluble in the sulphuric acid resulting in dissolution of iron with the phosphorus, while the dense hematite phase was much less soluble and little iron was dissolved in the leach. Leaching at 25 mass% solids for 3 h at 60°C, at a pH of 0.5 or lower, gave significant lowering of phosphorus levels. Leaches were with 0.1–1M H2SO4; the concentration of acid required depended on the amount of phosphorus to be removed. Recycling of the acid leach liquor four times did not show evidence for precipitation of phosphorus and resulted in leach solutions with up to 1 g/L P and 134 g/L Fe.