gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Graphs: New Directions for Knowledge Representation on the Semantic Web (Dagstuhl Seminar 18371) (2019)

The increasingly pervasive nature of the Web, expanding to devices and things in everyday life, along with new trends in Artificial Intelligence call for new paradigms and a new look on Knowledge Representation and Processing at scale for the Semantic Web. The emerging, but still to be concretely shaped concept of "Knowledge Graphs" provides an excellent unifying metaphor for this current status of Semantic Web research. More than two decades of Semantic Web research provides a solid basis and a promising technology and standards stack to interlink data, ontologies and knowledge on the Web. However, neither are applications for Knowledge Graphs as such limited to Linked Open Data, nor are instantiations of Knowledge Graphs in enterprises - while often inspired by - limited to the core Semantic Web stack. This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 18371 "Knowledge Graphs: New Directions for Knowledge Representation on the Semantic Web", where a group of experts from academia and industry discussed fundamental questions around these topics for a week in early September 2018, including the following: what are knowledge graphs? Which applications do we see to emerge? Which open research questions still need be addressed and which technology gaps still need to be closed?
Development of the Los Alamos continuous high average-power microsecond pulser ion accelerator (2000)

The continuous high average-power microsecond pulser (CHAMP) ion accelerator is being constructed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Progress on the testing of the CHAMP diode is discussed. A direct simulation Monte Carlo computer code is used to investigate the puffed gas fill of the CHAMP anode. High plenum pressures and low plenum volumes are found to be desirable for effective gas puffs. The typical gas fill time is 150–180 μs from initiation of valve operation to end of fill. Results of anode plasma production at three stages of development are discussed. Plasma properties are monitored with electric and magnetic field probes. From this data, the near coil plasma density under nominal conditions is found to be on the order of 1×1016 cm−3. Large error is associated with this calculation due to inconsistencies between tests and the limitations of the instrumentation used. The diode insulating magnetic field is observed to result in lower density plasma with a more diffuse structure than for the cases when the insulating field is not applied. The importance of these differences in plasma quality on the beam production is yet to be determined.
Vitamin D receptor alleles, bone mineral density and turnover in premenopausal Japanese women (1996)

Recent studies have shown that genetic effects on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover are related to allelic variation in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. We examined allelic influences of the VDR gene on bone turnover and density in 202 normal healthy premenopausal Japanese women (age 30.1 +/- 1.2, mean +/- SEM). The VDR effect on BMD and turnover is similar to that observed in Caucasian women; however, there are major differences in allele frequency. The B allele by BsmI restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), associated with low BMD and high bone turnover, is found in only 12% of Japanese women (1.4% homozygote BB), compared with 41% of Caucasians (16.7% homozygote BB). In comparing the two most frequent genotypes, Bb heterozygotes (21.5%) and bb homozygotes (77.1%), BMD is 5.3% lower in Bb heterozygotes, and levels of bone formation markers including osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase are 20-32% higher with lower serum calcium (2.30 +/- 0.02 vs 2.35 +/- 0.01 mmol/l) and higher 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (95 +/- 4.8 vs. 76 +/- 3.8 pmol/l). Further discrimination of the genotype was achieved using two additional RFLPs (ApaI, A and TaqI, T); the lumbar spine BMD of the common genotype BbAATt was 9.3% (0.94 SD) lower than in the bbaaTT genotype in premenopausal Japanese women. These data confirm that VDR RFLPs affect bone mineral metabolism regardless of racial differences. Moreover, the VDR genotypes based on haplotype analysis should yield useful insights into the potential prevention of osteoporosis.
Role of Late Maternal Thyroid Hormones in Cerebral Cortex Development: An Experimental Model for Human Prematurity (2009)

Hypothyroxinemia affects 35-50% of neonates born prematurely (12% of births) and increases their risk of suffering neurodevelopmental alterations. We have developed an animal model to study the role of maternal thyroid hormones (THs) at the end of gestation on offspring's cerebral maturation. Pregnant rats were surgically thyroidectomized at embryonic day (E) 16 and infused with calcitonin and parathormone (late maternal hypothyroidism [LMH] rats). After birth, pups were nursed by normal rats. Pups born to LMH dams, thyroxine treated from E17 to postnatal day (P) 0, were also studied. In developing LMH pups, the cortical lamination was abnormal. At P40, heterotopic neurons were found in the subcortical white matter and in the hippocampal stratum oriens and alveus. The Zn-positive area of the stratum oriens of hippocampal CA3 was decreased by 41.5% showing altered mossy fibers' organization. LMH pups showed delayed learning in parallel to decreased phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) expression in the hippocampus. Thyroxine treatment of LMH dams reverted abnormalities. In conclusion, maternal THs are still essential for normal offspring's neurodevelopment even after onset of fetal thyroid function. Our data suggest that thyroxine treatment of premature neonates should be attempted to compensate for the interruption of the maternal supply.
Regulatory T cells in human geohelminth infection suppress immune responses to BCG and Plasmodium falciparum (2010)

Chronic helminth infections induce T-cell hyporesponsiveness, which may affect immune responses to other pathogens or to vaccines. This study investigates the influence of Treg activity on proliferation and cytokine responses to BCG and Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized RBC in Indonesian schoolchildren. Geohelminth-infected children's in vitro T-cell proliferation to either BCG or pRBC was reduced compared to that of uninfected children. Although the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(hi)FOXP3(+) T cells was similar regardless of infection status, the suppressive activity differed between geohelminth-infected and geohelminth-uninfected groups: Ag-specific proliferative responses increased upon CD4(+)CD25(hi) T-cell depletion in geohelminth-infected subjects only. In addition, IFN-gamma production in response to both BCG and parasitized RBC was increased after removal of CD4(+)CD25(hi) T cells. These data demonstrate that geohelminth-associated Treg influence immune responses to bystander Ag of mycobacteria and plasmodia. Geohelminth-induced immune modulation may have important consequences for co-endemic infections and vaccine trials.
Studies of the effect of injector parameters on mixture formation for multi-hole nozzles in a spray-guided (2005)

This paper focuses on ways of improving the spray formation from spray-guided multi-hole gasoline direct injection \ninjectors. Work has been done both experimentally using laser diagnostic tools as well as numerically using \nComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).\nLaser Induced Exciplex Fluorescence (LIEF) measurements in a constant pressure spray chamber and optical engine \nmeasurements has shown that a 6-hole nozzle with a 50 degree umbrella angle has steep air-fuel ratio gradients \nand too long liquid fuel penetration as well as presence of liquid fuel at the spark plug location, making it \nunsuitable for stratified combustion. \nIn order to improve the injector performance, numerical calculations using the AVL FIRE CFD code have been performed. \nThe numerical results indicate that by increasing the injector umbrella angle, the piston wall wetting can be decreased. \nAlso, by optimizing the spray pattern through a change of the nozzle hole arrangement, the conditions for ignition and \nflame propagation can be improved. \nFurthermore, it was found experimentally by the use of PDA and Direct Imaging that an increase of the l/d ratio through \na reduction of the hole diameter resulted in a decrease of the mean droplet sizes (D32). The spray angle was found to \nincrease with decreasing l/d. It has also been shown that by choosing a suitable l/d it is possible to control the local \nAFR and cross-flow velocity at the spark plug.
Popcorn phenomena in a ball grid array package (1995)

Plastic ball grid array packages can be an alternative to the fine-pitch plastic quad flat package with many I/O's, due to its advantages, such as small footprint and high density interconnect, improved module assembly yield, superior thermal and electrical performances to plastic quad flat packages, etc. In spite of these many advantages, there are several concerns which hinder the plastic ball grid array package from the widespread use. One of them is the package cracking by popcorn phenomena. For the purpose of studying the popcorn phenomena, plastic ball grid array packages with 129 I/O's were tested under the pre-conditioning test conditions. Observations using scanning acoustic tomography and optical microscopy were carried out to investigate the existence of delaminations and cracks in the package, and the cracking patterns after IR reflow. Package deformations and thermomechanical stress distributions in the package were calculated by the finite element method (FEM). Three types of substrates were tried to prove that open thermal viaholes under die pad could prevent popcorn cracking during IR reflow. From the experiments and the observations, it was concluded that package cracking, which was caused by the expansion of moisture concentrated at the die adhesive layer, could be prevented using open thermal viahole under die pad. The open thermal viaholes acted as vent holes, through which the expanded water vapor could escape without causing popcorn cracking. The die-attach process using UV tape was effective in the assembly of the packages with open thermal viaholes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
New insight into the control of the heart beat by intracellular calcium ions (1988)

Journal Article New insight into the control of the heart beat by intracellular calcium ions Get access DAVID T YUE DAVID T YUE From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 22, Issue 8, August 1988, Page 587, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/22.8.587 Published: 01 August 1988
Some properties of composite films with thermally decomposed silicone resins. (1982)

The raw materials of the present composite films were silicone resins, Al2O3, TiO2, and talc. Upon heating, the hydrocarbon groups in side chains of silicone resins are gradually decomposed to form a solid residue involving siloxane bonds and decomposed hydrocarbon groups. Metal oxides in the solid residue appear on the surface. The present composite films heat-treated at 500°C show electronic conduction in dry air and act similarly to electrolytes in the presence of water vapor. Polymethylphenylsiloxane and polydimethylsiloxane were used as the silicone resins. The former is less decomposable than the latter at the same temperature. Therefore, the present composite films using polymethylphenylsiloxane heat-treated at 500°C had smaller specific surface areas and higher water repellency.
Harmonic Filtering in Variable Speed Drives (2016)

This paper discusses and presents results related to still open controversial issues in passive harmonic filters design, such as the identification of filter resonant frequencies, the effects of interactions of harmonic filters with system impedances and the importance of damping elements. Benefits of passive rectifiers equipped with harmonic filters are compared to those of other rectifier front-ends typically used in VSD applications. An experimental comparative evaluation of harmonic performances of passive and active rectifiers is also provided.
Broadband communication circuits in pure digital deep sub-micron CMOS (2003)

This paper discusses the future integration of analog broadband communication circuits in pure digital sub-micron CMOS technology by choosing cable modem and set-top box integration as application examples. System partitioning is discussed first to assess what will be integrated in CMOS technology, and then circuit-level problems are discussed by focusing on A-to-D converter (ADC) and D-to-A converter (DAC) designs.
Requirement of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor of Cripto-1 for trans Activity as a Nodal Co-receptor (2007)

Cripto-1 (CR-1) has an indispensable role as a Nodal co-receptor for patterning of body axis in embryonic development. CR-1 is reported to have a paracrine activity as a Nodal co-receptor, although CR-1 is primarily produced as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein. Regulation of cis and trans function of CR-1 should be important to establish the precise body patterning. However, the mechanism by which GPI-anchored CR-1 can act in trans is not well known. Here we confirmed the paracrine activity of CR-1 by fluorescent cell-labeling and immunofluorescent staining. We generated COOH-terminal-truncated soluble forms of CR-1 based on the attachment site for the GPI moiety (omega-site), which we identified in the present study. GPI-anchored CR-1 has a significantly higher activity than COOH-terminal-truncated soluble forms to induce Nodal signal in trans as well as in cis. Moreover, transmembrane forms of CR-1 partially retained their ability to induce Nodal signaling only when type I receptor Activin-like kinase 4 was overexpressed. NTERA2/D1 cells, which express endogenous CR-1, lost the cell-surface expression of CR-1 after phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C treatment and became refractory to stimulation of Nodal. These observations suggest that GPI attachment of CR-1 is required for the paracrine activity as a Nodal co-receptor.
Influence of hydrogen on the properties of Al and Ga-doped ZnO films at room temperature (2010)

Low resistivity and high transmittance of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) and Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) transparent conductive thin films have been achieved by use of pulsed dc magnetron sputtering in a hydrogen environment at room temperature. The addition of hydrogen to the sputtering gas can reduce the resistivity of the films and improve their electrical properties compared to those prepared without H2, because the hydrogen acts a shallow donor. The average transmittance was over 85% in the visible region, and the lowest resistivity of the AZO and GZO films was 4.01×10(-4) (Ω-cm) and 4.39×10(-4) (Ω-cm), respectively.
Development and Implementation of a Case Management Model for Long-Term Care (1999)

Interdisciplinary team members identify the benefits of quality of care and cost efficiency created by greater collaboration among staff and family.
DNA Topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) inhibitors doxorubicin and etopoxide (VP-16) up-regulate Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) gene expression in SK-Br3 breast cancer cells: In vitro evidence for a “functional amplicon” involving FAS, Her-2/neu and TOP2A genes (2005)

3540 Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS), the key metabolic multi-enzyme that is responsible for the terminal catalytic step in the de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, plays an active role in the development, maintenance, and enhancement of the malignant phenotype of breast carcinomas. We recently described that a molecular bi-directional cross-talk between FAS and the Her-2/neu (erbB-2) oncogene is taking place at the level of transcription, translation, and activity in breast cancer cells. Because Her-2/neu has been linked with altered sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs, we envisioned that FAS expression may represent a novel predictive molecular factor for breast cancer response to chemotherapy in a Her-2/neu-related manner. Here, we evaluated whether chemotherapy-induced cell damage may act in an epigenetic fashion by inducing changes in the transcriptional activation of FAS gene in breast carcinoma cells. To evaluate this option, FAS- and Her-2/neu-overexpressing SK-Br3 breast cancer cells were transiently transfected with a FAS promoter-reporter construct (FAS-Luciferase) harboring all the elements necessary for high level expression in cancer cells. Interestingly, SK-Br3 cells cultured in the presence of topoisomerase II-alpha (TOP2A) inhibitors doxorubicin and etopoxide (VP-16) demonstrated a significant 2- to 3-fold increase in FAS promoter activity when compared with control cells grown in drug-free culture conditions. We failed to observe any significant activation of FAS promoter following exposure to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin (CDDP), paclitaxel (PTX) or vincristine (VCR). Moreover, the up-regulatory effects of TOP2A inhibitors on the transcriptional activation of FAS gene expression were not significantly decreased when the FAS promoter was damaged at the SREBP-binding site. Considering that FAS inhibition produces profound inhibition of DNA replication and S-phase progression in cancer cells, we finally asked whether a cross-talk between TOP2A and FAS could exhibit a Her-2/neu-related bi-directional nature. TOP2A protein levels decreased during treatment with the anti-Her-2/neu antibody trastuzumab while, concomitantly, FAS promoter activity and FAS protein levels were significantly reduced. Interestingly, when the expression levels of TOP2A protein were analyzed following exposure of SK-Br3 cells to increasing concentrations of C75, a novel slow-binding inhibitor of FAS activity, a dose-dependent reduction in TOP2A protein expression was observed. Although FAS gene is not physically located in the Her-2/neu-TOP2A amplicon, our present findings strongly suggest that a tight functional association between FAS, Her-2/neu and TOP2A genes is taking place in a subset of breast carcinomas cells.
Cardiac Tissue: Specific Recovery and Processing Issues (2012)

Cardiovascular tissue preservation has evolved over the last 50 years from use of short term, wet-stored refrigeration to development of cryopreservation techniques yielding long-term storage capabilities. These advances in tissue processing have facilitated widespread use of allograft heart valves making them available to more recipients who can benefit from these life-enhancing and life-saving allografts. The future development of techniques used to supply allograft heart valves continues to excite as tissue engineers have developed decellularization methods designed to reduce antigenicity and, hopefully, increase durability of this allograft type. The next generation of allograft heart valves will likely be decellularized and seeded with either expanded or unexpanded autologous or banked allogeneic cells. The ultimate goal of these scientists is to develop a valve that will grow with maturation of a child recipient and be a lifelong valve replacement with respect to durability and resistance to immunological and calcific deterioration.
The societal costs of insomnia (2010)

Insomnia is associated with substantial direct and indirect costs to society. It is almost impossible to separate the costs associated with primary and comorbid insomnia. More studies are required which control for the severity of any primary disorder to accurately evaluate the costs of comorbid insomnia. Development of standardized diagnostic and assessment scales will enable more accurate quantification of the true societal burden of insomnia and will contribute to greater understanding of this disorder.
Lipid Solvation Effects Contribute to the Affinity of Gly-xxx-Gly Motif-Mediated Helix−Helix Interactions (2006)

Interactions between transmembrane helices are mediated by the concave Gly-xxx-Gly motif surface. Whether Gly residues per se are sufficient for selection of this motif has not been established. Here, we used the in vivo TOXCAT assay to measure the relative affinities of all 18 combinations of Gly, Ala, and Ser "small-xxx-small" mutations in glycophorin A (GpA) and bacteriophage M13 major coat protein (MCP) homodimers. Affinity values were compared with the accessibility to a methylene-sized probe of the total surface area of each helix monomer as a measure of solvation by membrane components. A strong inverse correlation was found between nonpolar-group lipid accessibility and dimer affinity (R = 0.75 for GpA, p = 0.013, and R = 0.81 for MCP, p = 0.004), suggesting that lipid as a poor membrane protein solvent, conceptually analogous to water in soluble protein folding, can contribute to dimer stability and help to define helix-helix interfaces.
A limited feedback precoding system with hierarchical codebook and linear receiver (2008)

In this paper, the conventional Grassmannian codebook for precoding is first analyzed, showing that the performance loss caused by linear receivers was not taken into account. To tackle the performance loss issue, a novel hierarchical codebook consisting of a Grassmannian subcodebook and a perturbation subcodebook is then proposed for precoding systems with linear receivers. A two-step codeword selection scheme that uses the product of two codewords selected from the subcodebooks as the precoder is also presented. Our analysis shows that the perturbation subcodebook is able to compensate for the performance loss from linear receivers. Compared with the Grassmannian codebook, the superiority of the proposed codebook in terms of search complexity as well as throughput/ BER is further confirmed by computer simulations.
Fibre optic connectors with high-return-loss performance (1990)

This paper describes the development of a single mode fibre optic connector with high return loss performance without the use of index matching. Partial reflection of incident light at a fibre optic connector interface is a recognised problem where the result can be increased noise and waveform distortion. This is particularly important for video transmission in subscriber networks which requires a high signal to noise ratio. A number of methods can be used to improve the return loss. The method described here uses a process which angles the connector endfaces. Measurements show typical return losses of -55dB can be achieved for an end angle of 6 degrees. Insertion loss results are also presented.