gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Centrally acting serotonergic and dopaminergic agents. 2. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-benz[f]indole derivatives (1993)

The synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of 2,3,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-benz[e]indole derivatives (3) are described. These compounds are conformationally restricted, angular tricyclic analogs of 2-aminotetralin. The synthesis was achieved in several steps from the corresponding 2-tetralones. The enantiomers of the cis analogs were obtained from either fractional recrystallizations of the diastereomeric salts of di-p-toluoyl-L-(or D)-tartaric acid or an asymmetric synthesis using chiral (R)-alpha-methylbenzylamine. All analogs were evaluated in the in vitro 5-HT1A and D2 binding assays and selected analogs were investigated further in biochemical and behavioral tests. Analogs with 9-methoxy substitution (R1 in 3) showed mixed 5-HT1A agonist and dopamine antagonist activities whereas the corresponding 9-hydroxy analogs displayed selective 5-HT1A agonist activity. The cis analogs were found to be more potent than the corresponding trans analogs and in the cis series, the (3aR)-(-)-enantiomers displayed higher potency. Nitrogen substitution (R2 in 3) with either an n-propyl or an allyl group produced similar activities whereas replacement with a bulky alpha-methylbenzyl group resulted in loss of activity. Analogs without aromatic substitution (R1 = H in 3) still showed good 5-HT1A agonist activity, although less potent than the 9-methoxy series. In this case, the trans analogs possessed equal or higher in vitro 5-HT1A affinity than the corresponding cis analogs. Analogs with either 6-methoxy or 6-hydroxy substitution (R1 in 3) were found to display dopamine antagonist properties. However, only N-allyl analogs showed this activity. In the 6-methoxy-N-allyl series, the cis analog was found to be more potent than the trans analog. Again, between the pair of cis enantiomers, the (3aR)-(-)-enantiomer showed higher potency. Incorporation of an additional methyl group into 9-methoxy cis analogs at C-2 resulted in retention of potent 5-HT1A agonist activity.
Tuning the structural and optical properties of 1.3-μm InAs/GaAs quantum dots by a combined InAlAs and GaAs strained buffer layer (2003)

A combined InAlAs and GaAs strained buffer layer was presented to tailor the structural and optical properties of 1.3-μm InAs/GaAs quantum dots. This growth technique exhibits an increment of InAs quantum-dot density from 1.6×1010 to 2.8×1010 cm−2 and an improvement of energy separation between the quantum-dot ground and first-excited states from 84 to 93 meV upon adjusting the thickness of GaAs in InAlAs–GaAs buffer layer. We also investigate the effect of an InAlAs layer surrounding InAs quantum dots on photoluminescence intensity with increasing the thickness of InAlAs layer in a 6-nm InAlAs–InGaAs composite cap layer, and no negative effect has been observed.
Delay Modeling and Critical-Path Delay Calculation for MTCMOS Circuits (2006)

One of the critical issues in MTCMOS design is how to estimate a circuit delay quickly. In MTCMOS circuit, voltage on virtual ground fluctuates due to a discharge current of a logic cell. This event affects to the cell delay and makes static timing analysis (STA) difficult. In this paper, we propose a delay modeling and static STA methodology targeting at MTCMOS circuits. In the proposed method, we prepare a delay look-up table (LUT) consisting of the input slew, the output load capacitance, the virtual ground length, and a power-switch size. Using this LUT, we compute a circuit delay for each logic cell by applying the linear interpolation. This technique enables to calculate the cell delay considering the delay increase by the voltage fluctuation of virtual ground line. Experimental results show that the proposed methodology enables to estimate the cell delay and the critical path delay within 8% errors compared with SPICE simulation.
Characterization of inhibin immunoreactivity in post‐menopausal women with ovarian tumours (1996)

It was concluded that in normal postmenopausal subjects, INH is generally undetectable or present at low levels, consistent with the loss of ovarian function. The majority of granulosa cell tumours appear to secrete significant amounts of dimeric inhibin-A, whereas mucinous tumours secrete predominantly other forms of INH, presumably related to the alpha-subunit. Serous tumours may also secrete inhibin-related peptides but not dimeric inhibin-A. The nature of the inhibin related peptides produced by epithelial ovarian cancers remains to be characterized.
Role of α-Synuclein in Adult Neurogenesis and Neuronal Maturation in the Dentate Gyrus (2012)

α-Synuclein has been reported to be important in modulating brain plasticity and to be a key protein in neurodegenerative diseases, including Lewy body dementia (LBD). We investigated how α-synuclein levels modulate adult neurogenesis and the development of dendritic arborization and spines in the dentate gyrus, in which new neurons are constantly added. In the human hippocampus, levels of endogenous α-synuclein were increased in LBD, and the numbers of SOX2-positive cells were decreased. We investigated whether newly generated neurons were modulated by endogenous α-synuclein, and we found increased adult neurogenesis in α/β-synuclein knock-out mice. In contrast, overexpression of human wild-type α-synuclein (WTS) decreased the survival and dendritic development of newborn neurons. Endogenous α-synuclein expression levels increased the negative impact of WTS on dendrite development, suggesting a toxic effect of increasing amounts of α-synuclein. To attempt a rescue of the dendritic phenotype, we administered rolipram to activate the cAMP response element-binding protein pathway, which led to a partial rescue of neurite development. The current work provides novel insights into the role of α-synuclein in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
Optimal allocation of multiple class resources in computer systems (1988)

A class-constrained resource allocation problem is considered. In this problem, a set of M heterogeneous resources is to be allocated optimally among a set of L users belonging to K user classes. A set of class allocation constraints, which limit the number of users of a given class that could be allocated to a given resource, is imposed. An algorithm with worst case time complexity O(M (LM + M 2 + LK)) is presented along with a proof of its correctness. This problem arises in many areas of resource management in computer systems, such as load balancing in distributed systems, transaction processing in distributed database systems, and session allocation in time-shared computer systems. We illustrate the behavior of this algorithm with an example where file servers are to be allocated to workstations of multiple classes.
Numerical analysis and characterization of bionic valves for microfluidic PDMS-based systems (2007)

This paper reports on strong coupled field numerical simulations of flexible artificial micro-machined venous valves. Different designs are optimized towards a maximum pressure distribution onto the flaps of the valves to achieve a higher diodicity. The simulation illustrated mechanisms to elevate the diodicities of the valves. The diodicities of the valves were measured using capacitive-based pressure sensors. The results support the tendencies of the simulated values.
On the Size Effect of Gelation Kinetics in RF Aerogels (2015)

We experimentally and theoretically investigate the size effect of gelation using Resorcinol-Formaldehyde aerogels. We find a clear dependence of gelation time on the sample size under mild shear conditions. We developed a theoretical model based on Smoluchowski's aggregation model adding, however, a growth term which accounts for the continuous growth of the colloidal particles while clustering happens. The model is solved analytically and agrees with our experimental observations for base catalyzed RF-gels.
Inverse Problems of Acoustic and Elastic Waves (1984)

Abstract : Contents: A Survey of the Vocal Tract Inverse Problem: Theory, Computations and Experiments; Convergence of Discrete Inversion Solutions; Inversion of Band Limited Reflection Seismograms; Some Recent Results in Inverse Scattering Theory; Well-Posed Questions and Exploration of the Space of Parameters in Linear and Nonlinear Inversion; The Seismic Reflection Inverse Problem; Migration Methods: Partial but Efficient Solutions to the Seismic Inverse Problem; Relationship Between Linearized Inverse Scattering and Seismic Migration; Project Review on Geophysical and Ocean Sound Speed Profile Inversion; Acoustic Tomography; Inverse Problems of Acoustic and Elastic Waves; Finite Element Methods with Anisotropic Diffusion for Singularly Perturbed Convection Diffusion Problems; Adaptive Grid Methods for Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations; Some Simple Stability Results for Inverse Scattering Problems; Inverse Scattering for Stratified, Isotropic Elastic Media Using the Trace Method; A Layer-Stripping Solution of the Inverse Problem for a One- Dimensional Elastic Medium; On Constructing Solutions to an Inverse Euler- Bernoulli Beam Problem; Far Field Patterns in Acoustic and Electromagnetic Scattering Theory; Renaissance Inversion; On the Equilibrium Equations of Poroelasticity; GPST-A Versatile Numerical Method for Solving Inverse Problems of Partial Differential Equations; and Applications of Seismic Ray-Tracing Techniques to the Study of Earthquake Focal Regions.
Selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formic acid in a gas phase reactor with by-product recirculation (2021)

A reactor concept is proposed where recirculation of by-products such as H<sub>2</sub> enhances the product selectivity of electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction to formic acid.
SYNTHESIS OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVE SUBSTANCES 1- METHYL-2-PHENYL/O-TOLYL-6-SUBSTITUTEDPHENYL 1HBENZO[d]-IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES (2021)

A novel series of 1-methyl-2,6-diphenylbenzoimidazole and 1-methyl-phenyl(o-tolyl)benzo[d]imidazole derivatives were synthesized from 4-bromobenzene-1,2-diamine and benzoic acid using palladium (II) acetate. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-bacterial activity against Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli bacteria by using broth-dilution method.
Real-time imitation of human whole-body motions by humanoids (2014)

In this paper, we present a system that enables humanoid robots to imitate complex whole-body motions of humans in real time. In our approach, we use a compact human model and consider the positions of the end-effectors as well as the center of mass as the most important aspects to imitate. Our system actively balances the center of mass over the support polygon to avoid falls of the robot, which would occur when using direct imitation. For every point in time, our approach generates a statically stable pose. Hereby, we do not constrain the configurations to be in double support. Instead, we allow for changes of the support mode according to the motions to imitate. To achieve safe imitation, we use retargeting of the robot's feet if necessary and find statically stable configurations by inverse kinematics. We present experiments using human data captured with an Xsens MVN motion capture system. The results show that a Nao humanoid is able to reliably imitate complex whole-body motions in real time, which also include extended periods of time in single support mode, in which the robot has to balance on one foot.
Effekt og sikkerhet for SSRI og andre nyere antidepressive legemidler ved depresjon hos voksne (2007)

KEY MESSAGES:\nEfficacy and safety for the newer antidepressants in adults\nBackground Depression is a varied illness, patients may present with symptoms such as\nlack of initiative, a sense of meaninglessness, depressive thoughts and/or suicidal behaviour.\nProblems with sleep, lack of appetite, energy, drive, anxiety and concentration are\nalso common. Our understanding of the neurobiological causes of depression is incomplete.\nReduced accessibility of monoaminerge neurotransmitters in the central nervous\nsystems is one possible explanation. Several antidepressant drugs are available. SSRI (selective\nserotonin reuptake inhibitors) and other second generation anti depressants have\nbeen increasingly used in recent years.\nAntidepressants increase the accessibility of serotonin and/or noradrenalin, either by\ninhibiting the reuptake or inhibiting the decomposition. This does not seem to explain\nthe effect.\nMethods We have systematically reviewed the literature for effect and safety in head-tohead\nstudies of SSRI and other second generation antidepressants used in adults with\ndepression. The literature was identified by a systematic search in international, electronic\ndatabases. We also received literature from the pharmaceutical industry. We assessed\nand summarised studies that fulfilled our predetermined criteria.\nResults 23 studies are included in the report. The 23 studies deal with 12 different comparisons\nout of 66 possible. Nine different antidepressants were compared. The documentation\nis of low quality for most of the comparisons. We did not find any differences\nin effect and safety in the head-to-head studies we analyzed with the exception of:\nEscitalopram was significantly more effective (response and remission rate) than citalopram.\nLoss to follow up was significantly lower for escitalopram than for citalopram.\nCitalopram had a significantly lower adverse event rate than venlafaxin. Mirtazapin was\nsignificantly more effective (remission rate) than paroxetin. Loss to follow up due to side\neffects was significantly lower for fluoksetin than for venlafaxin.\n.\nConclusion We have included 12 different head-to head comparisons out of 66 possible.\nNine different antidepressants were involved in the comparisons. We did not find any\nsignificant differences in effect and safety between the antidepressants except for the\ncomparisons escitalopram versus citalopram, citalopram versus venlafaxin and mirtazapin\nversus paroxetin where we found significant differences for some of the outcomes.\nThe conclusions are based on documentation of medium or low quality.
Context-driven online learning for activity classification in wireless health (2014)

Enabling accurate and low-cost classification of a range of motion activities is of significant importance for wireless health through body worn inertial sensors and smartphones, due to the need by healthcare and fitness professonals to monitor exercises for quality and compliance. This paper proposes a novel contextual multi-armed bandits approach for large-scale activity classification. The proposed method is able to address the unique challenges arising from scaling, lack of training data and adaptation by melding context augmentation and continuous online learning into traditional activity classification. We rigorously characterize the performance of the proposed learning algorithm and prove that the learning regret (i.e. reward loss) is sublinear in time, thereby ensuring fast convergence to the optimal reward as well as providing short-term performance guarantees. Our experiments show that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing algorithms in terms of both providing higher classification accuracy as well as lower energy consumption.
William S. Burroughs (1972)

The world of Wilham S. Burroughs is not a world of fantasy; it is real, it is "reaUty."But "reaUty" is defined by Western culture; it is insane, schizo phrenic, and more fantastic than fantasy could ever be.It is Martin's reaUty film, Luce's Time-Life-Fortune monopoly, the machinery of visual and auditory con trol?"enc?phalographie and calculating machines film and TV studios, batteries of tape recorders."It is a reaUty in which the environment is objective and mechanical, and it is a reaUty whose machinery has come to life, like the kitchen gadgets that assault the housewife in Naked Lunch.Burroughs' world is one whose objects (as in Sartre's La Naus?e) "stir with a writhing furtive life."This is schizophrenia; objects are seU-activating and Uving beings are inert.On a wider scale, this schizophrenia is manifest in the absolute polarization of the mechanical and the organic in Burroughs.Burroughs' vision is one in which the world has flown into two opposing principles, a labyrmthine, external, mechanical structure and a reified "organic" content.I use the word "content" in the same sense as it is used by McLuhan, who rightiy sees Burroughs' origins in the Industrial Age, when "Nature" became a vessel of aesthetic and spiritual values, that is, a content.The underlying roots of this condition Ue in the schizophrenic structures of thought in the West, which can only comprehend "Nature" by siphoning it off into a pure, separate space.The romantic move ment, by emphasizing the "inner," the "creative," the "vital," the "natural," against the "outer," the "mechanical," the "static," etc. (see Carlyle's Character istics, for example), reinforced rather than chaUenged those structures of thought.Its result can be seen in Burroughs, for whom the "natural" and "organic" are always shaped by the repressive nature of the "mechanical," so that their mani festations are always stained by violence and evil.The most common image of the "mechanical" and "external" in Burroughs is the City, "a labyrinth of lockers, tier on tier of wire mesh and steel cubicles joined by catwalks and ladders and moving cable cars."Maps, bureaucracies, I.B.M. punch cards, and machines are also common images of this principle, as is the recurring notion ofthe real world as a movie film.The most common image of the other polarity, of organic content, is protoplasm, the blob, jeUy: "Some way he makes himseU aU soft like a blob of jeUy and surround me so nasty.Then he gets wet aU over like with green sUme.So I guess he come to some Idnda awful dimax."At times this organic content is given the traditional name of "Garden," for example, the Garden of DeUghts (G.O.D.), or the Amusement Gardens, both pure areas into which "Nature" as a reified entity has been channeled by the structures of the "real" world
Elution relationships to model affinity chromatography using a general rate model (2012)

Different mathematical models with different degrees of complexity have been proposed to model affinity chromatography. In this work, in particular, a general rate model has been studied that considers axial dispersion, external film mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion, and kinetic effects investigating the influence in the simulations of two different relationships between the properties of the mobile phase and the affinity of different proteins to the ligand bound to the matrix. Two systems were used: Blue Sepharose and Protein A. With Blue Sepharose, an increasing linear salt gradient was used, and with Protein A, a decreasing semi-linear pH gradient. The kinetic parameters obtained in each of the two elution (adsorption/desorption) relationships studied (a power law type and an exponential type) led to very good agreements between experimental and simulated elution curves of mixtures of proteins finding that for more symmetrical peaks, the preferred elution relationship should be the exponential one, in contrast to the more asymmetrical peaks which shapes are better simulated by the power law relationship.
Fault Detection Using Nonlinear Low-Dimensional Representation of Sensor Data (2020)

Sensor data analysis plays a key role in health assessment of critical equipment. Such data are multivariate and exhibit nonlinear relationships. This paper describes how one can exploit nonlinear dimension reduction techniques, such as the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) for fault detection. We show that sensor data monitoring with low dimensional representations provides better interpretability and is conducive to edge processing in IoT applications.
Carcinoma-Associated Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Architects of the Pro-tumorigenic Tumor Microenvironment (2022)

The interaction between tumor cells and non-malignant hosts cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical to the pathophysiology of cancer. These non-malignant host cells, consisting of a variety of stromal, immune, and endothelial cells, engage in a complex bidirectional crosstalk with the malignant tumor cells. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are one of these host cells, and they play a critical role in directing the formation and function of the entire TME. These MSCs are epigenetically reprogrammed by cancer cells to assume a strongly pro-tumorigenic phenotype and are referred to as carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (CA-MSCs). Studies over the last decade demonstrate that CA-MSCs not only directly interact with cancer cells to promote tumor growth and metastasis but also orchestrate the formation of the TME. Carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stem/stromal cells can differentiate into virtually all stromal sub-lineages present in the TME, including pro-tumorigenic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), myofibroblasts, and adipocytes. carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and the CAFs they produce, secrete much of the extracellular matrix in the TME. Furthermore, CA-MSC secreted factors promote angiogenesis, and recruit immunosuppressive myeloid cells effectively driving tumor immune exclusion. Thus CA-MSCs impact nearly every aspect of the TME. Despite their influence on cancer biology, as CA-MSCs represent a heterogenous population without a single definitive marker, significant confusion remains regarding the origin and proper identification CA-MSCs. This review will focus on the impact of CA-MSCs on cancer progression and metastasis and the ongoing work on CA-MSC identification, nomenclature and mechanism of action.
Antibodies for Sepsis: Some Lessons Learnt (2001)

The prelims comprise: Introduction Rationale for Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Sepsis Lessons Learnt from Preclinical Studies and Clinical Trial Design Summary and Recommendations
Electronic power conditioner (1986)

Improvement of power quality is frequently necessary to insure proper operation of sensitive electronic equipment. Power quality improvement involves the use of combinations of ac regulators, transient limiters and/or power filters. Traditional àc regulators have multiple-cycle response and cannot actively attenuate voltage transients and harmonics, and may generate low-order harmonics. The Electronic Power Conditioner (EPC) developed by Powertronic Systems, Inc. (PSI) has much shorter response time and regulates the instantaneous value of output voltage. The EPC generates no low-order harmonics, has low output impedance and actively attenuates voltage transients and harmonics. It provides superior performance and is competitive with traditional regulators in cost, size and weight.