gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) in Brachiaria pastures: A novel strategy to improve eco-efficiency of crop-livestock systems and to mitigate climate change (2014)

Up to 70% of the nitrogen (N) fertilizers applied to agricultural systems are lost due to nitrification and denitrification. Nitrification is a microbiological process that generates nitrate (NO3-) and promotes the losses of N fertilizers by leaching and denitrification. Nitrification and denitrification are the only known biological processes that generate nitrous oxide (N2O), a powerful greenhouse gas contributing to global warming. There is an urgent need to suppress nitrification process in soil to improve N-recovery and N use efficiency (NUE) of agricultural systems and to mitigate climate change (Subbarao et al. 2012). Certain Brachiaria grasses (B. humidicola) can suppress soil-nitrification by releasing biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs) from roots, thereby reducing N2O emissions. This phenomenon, termed biological nitrification inhibition (BNI), has been the subject of recent research to characterize and validate the concept under field conditions (Subbarao et al. 2009). Advances on three aspects of BNI research are reported here: (1) gene quantification of soil nitrifying microorganisms to determine BNI activity in B. humidicola; (2) screening of B. humidicola breeding materials to identify hybrids with contrasting levels of BNI: and (3) quantification of the BNI-residual effect from B. humidicola on N-recovery and agronomic-NUE of the subsequent maize crop.
A comparative study on the modified Max-Log-MAP turbo decoding by extrinsic information scaling (2007)

A simple but effective technique to improve the performance of the Max-Log-MAP algorithm is to scale the extrinsic information exchanged between two MAP decoders. A comprehensive analysis of the selection of the scaling factors according to channel conditions and decoding iterations is presented in this paper. Choosing a constant scaling factor for all SNRs and iterations is compared with the best scaling factor selection for changing channel conditions and decoding iterations. It is observed that a constant scaling factor for all channel conditions and decoding iterations is the best solution and provides a 0.2-0.4 dB gain over the standard Max-Log-MAP algorithm. Therefore, a constant scaling factor should be chosen for the best compromise.
An exploration of the current state of information assurance education (2010)

Information Assurance and computer security are serious worldwide concerns of governments, industry, and academia. Computer security is one of the three new focal areas of the ACM/IEEE's Computer Science Curriculum update in 2008. This ACM/IEEE report describes, as the first of its three recent trends, "the emergence of security as a major area of concern." The importance of Information Assurance and Information Assurance education is not limited to the United States. Other nations, including the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and other members from NATO countries and the EU, have inquired as to how they may be able to establish Information Assurance education programs in their own country. The goal of this document is to explore the space of various existing Information Assurance educational standards and guidelines, and how they may serve as a basis for helping to define the field of Information Assurance. It was necessary for this working group to study what has been done for other areas of computing. For example, computer science (CS 2008 and associate-degree CS 2009), information technology (IT 2008), and software engineering (SE 2004), all have available curricular guidelines. In its exploration of existing government, industry, and academic Information Assurance guidelines and standards, as well as in its discovery of what guidance is being provided for other areas of computing, the working group has developed this paper as a foundation, or a starting point, for creating an appropriate set of guidelines for Information Assurance education. In researching the space of existing guidelines and standards, several challenges and opportunities to Information Assurance education were discovered. These are briefly described and discussed, and some next steps suggested.
Fast Dynamic Control Scheme for Capacitor-Supported Dynamic Voltage Restorers: Design Issues, Implementation and Analysis (2007)

The design issues, implementation procedures and system analysis for a fast transient control scheme for single-phase capacitor-supported dynamic voltage restorers (DVR) are presented in this paper. The proposed control scheme includes two control loops as inner and outer loops. The inner control loop is used to dictate the gate signals for the switches in the DVR by using the boundary control with a second-order switching surface to achieve fast dynamic response. The outer loop is used to maximize the restoration duration by three operating modes, reactive power control, minimum energy injection, and maximum voltage injection. The mode boundaries will be derived in this paper. By studying the small-signal characteristics of the control loops, a set of design procedures will be derived. A 500 VA, 110 V prototype has been built and tested with nonlinear inductive loads.
Spontaneous resolution of an iatrogenic arterioportal fistula following portal-vein thrombosis (2011)

A 64-year-male underwent a liver biopsy based on clinical concern for primary biliary cirrhosis. The biopsy, which yielded normal results, was uneventful, with no immediate postbiopsy complications. A later MRI demonstrated early opacification of the right portal vein on arterial-phase imaging, suggesting communication between the right hepatic artery and the right portal vein. A conservative, watchful management approach was taken. Followup imaging demonstrated a thrombus within the main portal vein, with resulting decreased flow through the fistula. Further followup demonstrated complete occlusion of the main portal vein, with cavernous transformation. The fistula at this time had completely resolved. This an example of spontaneous resolution of an arterioportal shunt secondary to a portal-vein thrombosis. Whether the portal-vein thrombosis was caused by altered flow dynamics within the main portal vein or an unrelated disorder is not certain. The patient had a prior history of deep venous thrombosis, but workup for a hypercoagulable state was negative.
Limits of long-term selection against Neandertal introgression (2019)

Several studies have suggested that introgressed Neandertal DNA was subjected to negative selection in modern humans. A striking observation in support of this is an apparent monotonic decline in Neandertal ancestry observed in modern humans in Europe over the past 45,000 years. Here, we show that this decline is an artifact likely caused by gene flow between modern human populations, which is not taken into account by statistics previously used to estimate Neandertal ancestry. When we apply a statistic that avoids assumptions about modern human demography by taking advantage of two high-coverage Neandertal genomes, we find no evidence for a change in Neandertal ancestry in Europe over the past 45,000 years. We use whole-genome simulations of selection and introgression to investigate a wide range of model parameters and find that negative selection is not expected to cause a significant long-term decline in genome-wide Neandertal ancestry. Nevertheless, these models recapitulate previously observed signals of selection against Neandertal alleles, in particular the depletion of Neandertal ancestry in conserved genomic regions. Surprisingly, we find that this depletion is strongest in regulatory and conserved noncoding regions and in the most conserved portion of protein-coding sequences.
Surficial sediment‐heavy metal associations in the Avon‐Heathcote Estuary, New Zealand (1989)

Abstract Adsorbed Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Ni were extracted from surficial sediment samples of 330 sites in the Avon‐Hcathcotc Estuary. Total adsorbed heavy‐metal concentration (TAHM) in each site was shown to be highly correlated with mean sediment surface area. However, the relative contributions of sediment fractions to TAHM varied bimodally with decreasing particle size. In particular, the very fine silt and clay fractions showed less contribution to TAHM than coarser sediment grades including fine sand. This is because fine sediment particles tend to flocculate in saline conditions, thereby decreasing the effective adsorptive surface area of the sediments. This result implies that, paradoxically, cstuarinc sediments which consist predominantly of fine silts and clays may have fewer hcavymetal ions to contribute to the chemical environment of the estuary than coarser sediments.
A New Model for the D<sub>I</sub>-Luminescence in 6H-SiC (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Anti-oxidant Activity of Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke Roots (2012)

This study was performed to investigate the potential use of Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke as a source of anti-oxidant agents. Various solvent fractionates from S. lappa C.B. Clarke roots were investigated for their anti-oxidative effectiveness. The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu's colorimetric and the aluminum nitrate method, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of n-butanol soluble fractionates from S. lappa C.B. Clarke, 44.43 μg gallic acid equilibrium (GAE)/g extract and 92.15 μg quercetin equilibrium (QE)/g extract, respectively, were higher than those of other solvent fractionates. The n-butanol soluble fractionates of S. lappa C.B. Clarke (1,000 ppm) showed the strongest inhibitory potential on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and reducing power at 92.98% and 0.38, respectively. Thus, our data shows that the S. lappa C.B. Clarke plant may help prevent antioxidative stress.
Association Between Glycated Haemoglobin and the Risk of Congestive Heart Failure in Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2012)

In observational studies of individuals with diabetes, a higher HbA(1c) level was associated with a significantly increased incidence of CHF.
Mechanical signature analysis using time-frequency signal processing: application to internal combustion engine knock detection (1996)

Signature analysis consists of the extraction of information from measured signal patterns. The work presented in this paper illustrates the use of time-frequency (TF) analysis methods for the purpose of mechanical signature analysis. Mechanical signature analysis is a mature and developed field; however, TF analysis methods are relatively new to the field of mechanical signal processing, having mostly been developed in the present decade, and have not yet been applied to their full potential in this field of engineering applications. Some of the ongoing efforts are briefly reviewed in this paper. One important application of TF mechanical signature analysis is the diagnosis of faults in mechanical systems. In this paper we illustrate how the use of joint TF signal representations can result in tangible benefits when analyzing signatures generated by transient phenomena in mechanical systems, such as might be caused by faults or otherwise abnormal operation. This paper also explores signal detection concepts in the joint TF domain and presents their application to the detection of internal combustion engine knock.
Review on the Regulation of Plant Polyphenols on the Stability of Polyunsaturated-Fatty-Acid-Enriched Emulsions: Partitioning Kinetic and Interfacial Engineering (2022)

The plant polyphenols are normally presented as natural functional antioxidants, which also possess the potential ability to improve the physicochemical stability of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched emulsions by interface engineering. This review discussed the potential effects of polyphenols on the stability of PUFA-enriched emulsions from the perspective of the molecular thermodynamic antioxidative analysis, the kinetic of interfacial partitioning, and the covalent and non-covalent interactions with emulsifiers. Recently, research studies have proven that the interfacial structure of emulsions can be concurrently optimized via promoting interfacial partitioning of polyphenols and further increasing interfacial thickness and strength. Moreover, the applied limitations of polyphenols in PUFA-enriched emulsions were summarized, and then some valuable and constructive viewpoints were put forward in this review to provide guidance for the use of polyphenols in constructing PUFA-enriched emulsions.
Three‐Pronged Attack by Homologous Far‐red/NIR AIEgens to Achieve 1+1+1>3 Synergistic Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy (2020)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has long been shown to be a powerful therapeutic modality for cancer. However, PDT is undiversified and has become stereotyped in recent years. Exploration of distinctive PDT methods is thus highly in demand but remains a severe challenge. Herein, an unprecedented 1+1+1>3 synergistic strategy is proposed and validated for the first time. Three homologous luminogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics were rationally designed based on a simple backbone. Through slight structural tuning, these far-red/near-infrared AIE luminogens are capable of specifically anchoring to mitochondria, cell membrane, and lysosome, and effectively generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Notably, biological studies demonstrated combined usage of three AIE photosensitizers gives multiple ROS sources simultaneously derived from several organelles, which gives superior therapeutic effect than that from a single organelle at the same photosensitizers concentration. This strategy is conceptually and operationally simple, providing an innovative approach and renewed awareness of improving therapeutic effect through three-pronged PDT.
Software testing concept used for MAS/C-compiler (2002)

The paper presents a software testing concept used for MICRONAS Intermetall MAS DSP C compiler MAS/C-Compiler. The concept is based on a specially developed software testing tool, which asserts whether the application generated by MAS/C-Compiler is valid or not. If not, it helps compiler designers to localize the bug, and to eliminate it. Compiler testing is viewed as a continual process. For each new compiler test case, the following two steps are conducted: (i) reference error-free source code is designed using commercially available high quality C++ reference compilers; (ii) a specially developed bit-exact testing tool is used to compare outputs of application produced by reference compiler and application produced by MAS/C-Compiler. Based on this comparison, bug localization and elimination is possible.
Mesangial Expansion as a Central Mechanism for Loss of Kidney Function in Diabetic Patients (1989)

Diabetic nephropathy leading to kidney failure is a major complication of both type I (insulin-dependent) and type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, and glomerular structural lesions (especially expansion of the mesangium) may constitute the principal cause of decline in kidney function experienced by a significant fraction of diabetic patients. Although the biochemical bases of these mesangial abnormalities remain unknown, an understanding of the natural history of diabetic nephropathy from a combined structural and functional approach can lead to greater pathophysiological insight. Work in animals has supported the concept that the metabolic disturbances of diabetes mellitus cause diabetic nephropathy, with structural and functional lesions prevented or reversed with improved or normalized glycemic control. Additional research must address this fundamental issue in humans, especially the response of advancing mesangial lesions to improved glycemic control. Factors not directly related to the metabolic perturbations of diabetes may serve to accelerate or diminish the pathophysiological processes of diabetic nephropathy. The elucidation and management of these factors, when coupled with improved glycemic control, may moderate the development or progression of diabetic kidney lesions in humans.
Prostanoids, coronary circulation and coronary artery spasm in open chest dogs and miniature pigs. (1987)

Effects of prostanoids on coronary circulation were studied in anesthetized open chest dogs with intact coronary arteries or in closed chest Göttingen miniature pigs with denuded vessels. In the latter model, coronary artery spasm was repeatedly provoked at the previously denuded area by histamine i.c. after pretreatment with cimetidine i.v., H2-blocker. In the canine model, prostacyclin (PGI2) dilated to a greater extent the diameter of the large epicardial coronary artery than did PGE2, and both equally reduced the total coronary resistance. Vasoconstrictive effects of carbocyclic thromboxane A2, a stable analogue of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) on the epicardial coronary artery was augmented from 1.1 +/- 0.3 to 6.5 +/- 1.3% (p less than 0.01) after pretreatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors. In case of Göttingen miniature pigs 3 months after endothelial denudation and cholesterol freeding, neither PGI2 nor indomethacin prevented histamine-induced coronary artery spasm. Thiothromboxane A2, a stable analogue of TxA2, did not provoke coronary artery spasm in the animals. Therefore, prostanoids may not be crucial to the provocation or prevention of coronary artery spasm from which myocardial ischemia ensues.
Plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA Levels as a Biomarker of Lower Respiratory Tract SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 (2022)

Plasma SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA (vRNA) levels are predictive of COVID-19 outcomes in hospitalized patients, but whether plasma vRNA reflects lower respiratory tract (LRT) vRNA levels is unclear. We compared plasma and LRT vRNA levels in serially collected samples from mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19. LRT and plasma vRNA levels were strongly correlated at first sampling (n = 33, r = 0.83, P < 10-9) and then declined in parallel in available serial samples except in nonsurvivors who exhibited delayed vRNA clearance in LRT samples. Plasma vRNA measurement may offer a practical surrogate of LRT vRNA burden in critically ill patients, especially early after ICU admission.
6G for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communications: Enabling Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunities (2022)

We are on the cusp of a new era of connected autonomous vehicles with unprecedented user experiences, tremendously improved road safety and air quality, highly diverse transportation environments and use cases, and a plethora of advanced applications. Realizing this grand vision requires a significantly enhanced vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication network that should be extremely intelligent and capable of concurrently supporting hyperfast, ultrareliable, and low-latency massive information exchange. It is anticipated that the sixth-generation (6G) communication systems will fulfill these requirements of the next-generation V2X. In this article, we outline a series of key enabling technologies from a range of domains, such as new materials, algorithms, and system architectures. Aiming for truly intelligent transportation systems, we envision that machine learning (ML) will play an instrumental role in advanced vehicular communication and networking. To this end, we provide an overview of the recent advances of ML in 6G vehicular networks. To stimulate future research in this area, we discuss the strength, open challenges, maturity, and enhancing areas of these technologies.
Evaluation of Novel Insecticides for Control of Dengue VectorAedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae) (2006)

Insecticides are one of the major tools for controlling vector populations and for reducing the transmission of human pathogens. However, there are few new insecticides being developed and marketed for vector control. Herein, we report on the toxicity of six novel insecticides to both adult and larval Aedes aegypti (L). and the toxicity of three novel insect growth regulators (IGRs) to larvae. Four insecticides were highly or moderately toxic to larvae with LC50 values of 16 (chlorfenapyr), 70 (hydramethylnon), 79 (indoxacarb), and 84 ng/ml (imidacloprid). Diafenthiuron and chlorfenapyr were moderately toxic to adult mosquitoes with LC50 values of 13 and 92 ng/cm2, respectively. Imidacloprid was strongly synergized by piperonyl butoxide (PBO) in Ae. aegypti adults, suggesting that neonicotinoids are intrinsically very toxic to adult mosquitoes (in the absence of detoxification). The effect of PBO on the toxicity in adults and larvae was considerably different, both in terms of the insecticides that were synergized (or antagonized for chlorfenapyr versus adults) and in terms of the degree of synergism. This result implies that the cytochrome P450s involved in metabolism of these insecticides are different between adults and larvae. Pyriproxyfen was confirmed as a potent IGR (EC50 of 0.0017 ng/ml) for mosquitoes, although tebufenozide lacked activity. The potential for use of these materials in mosquito control is discussed.
A green method for the preparation of highly stable organic-inorganic hybrid anion-exchange membranes in aqueous media for electrochemical processes (2010)

Alkaline membranes also termed as anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have recently become important materials for electrochemical technology, alkaline fuel cells, and electrolyzers. We report a simple synthesis procedure for an anion-exchange silica precursor (AESP) by epoxide ring opening reaction using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTEOS) and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GDTMAC). The AESP-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) organic-inorganic hybrid AEM was prepared by the sol–gel method in acidic medium followed by chemical crosslinking of –OH groups via formal reaction. The reported method is a “green” alternative for the production of AEM without the use of any solvent residues or hazardous chemicals. This simplified procedure in aqueous media avoids the use of chloromethyl methyl ether (CME), a carcinogen and harmful to human health. These AEMs (especially AEM-70) were designed to possess all the required properties of a highly anion conductive membrane such as high water uptake (67.3%), ion-exchange capacity (1.36 mequiv g−1), and permselectivity (0.94), along with reasonable conductivity (7.61 mS cm−1) due to quaternary ammonium group functionality. Electroosmotic studies revealed quite low mass drag and equivalent pore radius (2.31–5.28 A°) of the membrane, which are also desirable properties of an efficient AEM. Electrodialytic performance of the AEM-70 membrane revealed its suitability for applications in electro-membrane processes.
Effect of initial sulfate level on electron partition between methanogenesis and sulfate reduction in the rumen (1996)

Metabolic hydrogen produced during fermentation is disposed mostly by methanogenesis in the rumen environment.