gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced Isomerization and Hepatoxicities of Semaxanib, Sunitinib and Related 3‐Substituted Indolin‐2‐ones (2015)

3-Substituted indolin-2-ones are an important class of compounds that display a wide range of biological activities. Sunitinib is an orally available multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of renal cell cancer. Sunitinib and a related compound, semaxanib, exist as thermodynamically stable Z isomers, which photoisomerize to E isomers in solution. In this study, 17 3-substituted indolin-2-ones were synthesized, and the kinetics of their photoisomerization were studied by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The rate constants for photoisomerization ranged from 0.009 to 0.048 h(-1). Selected compounds were tested for cytotoxicity in the TAMH liver cell line. E/Z mixtures of four compounds were also assessed for toxicity in the TAMH and HepG2 cell lines. In some cases, the stereochemically pure drug was more toxic than the E/Z mixtures, but a general statement cannot be made. Our studies show that each stereoisomer could contribute differently to toxicity, suggesting that stereochemical purity issues that could arise from isomerization cannot be ignored.
Self-Assembly of CoPt3 Nanoparticle Rings Based on Phase-Separated Hexadecylamine Droplet Structure (2003)

We present experimental results on how CoPt3 nanoparticles (diameter of 6 nm) can be self-assembled in micron-sized ring patterns (diameter ranging from 0.6 to 1.5 μm). Our single-step approach is based on a combination of phase separation in a thin film of a binary mixture, leading to a bilayer structure, the subsequent decomposition of the top layer into droplets, and finally the deposition of the CoPt3 nanoparticles at the edges of the evaporating droplets. The interpretation is based on a comparison of results obtained from each individual process.
Logic, language, and the structure of scientific theories: proceedings of the Carnap-Reichenbach Centennial, University of Konstanz, 21-24 May 1991 (1995)

This volume honors and examines the founders of the philosophy of logical empiricism. Historical and interpretive essays clarify the scientific philosophies of Carnap, Reichenbach, Hempel, Kant, and others, while exploring the main topics of logical empiricist philosophy of science.
Pooled analysis of 1‐year recall data from three root canal treatment outcome studies undertaken using cone beam computed tomography (2017)

The proportions of favourable outcomes of primary root canal treatments and retreatments assessed with CBCT were lower when compared to periapical radiographs, and also lower than those historically reported by periapical radiograph-based outcome studies. Considering the very high favourable outcome of anterior teeth and premolars compared to molar teeth, future studies assessing the effect of new materials and techniques on the outcome of root canal treatments should be based on preoperative and postoperative CBCT images, and focus on molar teeth.
Validation of Additional Approaches and Applications for Using the Continuous and Manual Sampling Devices for Raw Beef Trim (2020)

In this work, the goal was to determine the efficacy of MicroTally-based sampling in scenarios commonly encountered in the commercial beef processing industry, but outside of the parameters evaluated during the initial proof-of-concept work. The data were derived from 1,650 matched samples collected from 540 individual combo bins at six commercial beef processing plants, comparing MicroTally-based sampling (continuous and manual sampling devices [CSD and MSD]) to N60 Excision and/or N60 Plus methods. Mounting a 61-cm CSD cartridge to a 30-cm-wide conveyor provided sampling that is equivalent to N60 Excision and N60 Plus methods. Mounting a CSD to a chute instead of a conveyor was equivalent to the N60 Plus sampling method. The CSD was shown to be effective for sampling when used in conjunction with a “swinging arm trim diverter” and receiving product in batch mode as opposed to continuous flow. MSD sampling of oval combo bins with trim surface area (≈0.93 m2 [≈1,439 in2]) less than 1 m2 (1,600 in2) was shown to be equivalent to the N60 Plus sample collection method. Peracetic acid applied at the end of the trim conveyor did not negatively impact pathogen index target detection of the CSD even if the samples were shipped overnight before analysis. Pathogen index targets were demonstrated to be useful tools for validating methods designed to measure pathogen prevalence. The data presented herein support equivalency criteria of within 0.5 log CFU per sample for indicator organism counts. These data collectively support various alternative applications of MicroTally-based trim sampling and the application and interpretation of alternative methods for pathogen detection.
Polarization Insensitive Wavelength Conversion in a Low-Birefringence SiGe Waveguide (2016)

We report the first demonstration of a single-pass dual-orthogonal-pump four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion scheme in a silicon-based waveguide. The silicon germanium waveguide used was designed to exhibit strong TE/TM mode similarity across a broad wavelength range as well as a large nonlinear coefficient. A polarization-dependent loss of just 0.42 dB was measured, and the conversion of 40-Gb/s differential phase-shift keying signals was demonstrated with 1.5-dB power penalty at a bit error ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> .
An approximation algorithm for the shortest common supersequence problem (2001)

In this paper an approximation algorithm, called Reduce-Expand, for the Shortest Common Supersequence (SCS) problem is presented and its behavior is studied experimentally. While the guaranteed approximation ratio of Reduce-Expand matches that of the best known algorithm, our algorithm clearly outperforms such algorithm with respect to the length of the approximate solution.
Invoice Discounting Using Kelly Criterion by Automated Market Makers-like Implementations (2023)

Funding shortages are a persistent issue, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and the problem tends to worsen cyclically. The market for factoring and invoice discounting aims to address delays in payment for commercial invoices. These involves sellers present unpaid invoices to financial organizations, typically banks, who provide an advance payment. The implementations of the factoring services without intermediaries in blockchain of the state of the art are all based on the publication on-chain of all the invoices, use know your customer (KYC) mechanisms, and over-collateralize the invoices. This article proposes a new, decentralized approach to lending services that completely eliminates intermediaries and does not require strong KYC, yet it is reasonably resilient. The approach uses liquidity pools and associated heuristics to create a model of risk compensation. In this model, a formula measures the contributed collateral to an invoice and the risk of a late invoice or non-payment, using the Kelly criterion to calculate the optimal premium for funding said invoice in the liquidity pool. The algorithm’s performance is tested in many scenarios involving several invoice amounts, collaterals, payment delays, and non-payment rates. The study also examines premium distribution policies and hack scenarios involving bogus, non-payable invoices. The outcome is a decentralized market that uses the Kelly criterion and is reasonably resilient to a wide range of invoicing scenarios, including 5% non-payment rates and 10% bogus invoices, yet provides a sound profit to liquidity providers. The algorithm’s resilience is enhanced by several premium distribution policies over partially collateralized invoices from 50 to 70%, resulting in optimal premium withdrawal policies every 30 days, making it the first protocol for loanable funds that does not require over-collateralization to be profitable and resilient.
Modeling and Simulation of Ceramic Arrays to Improve Ballistic Performance (Briefing charts) (2014)

Abstract : The University of Delaware Center for Composite Materials (UD-CCM) is developing the next generation of lightweight hybrid ceramic/composite armor kits for Marine Corps tactical and combat vehicles. The focus will be on simulating and modeling the performance of ceramic/composite lightweight armor at seams and corners, and improving the armor's performance in these regions. The light ceramic/composite armor is comprised of composite backings, adhesives, ceramics and covers. This is an expansion of previous research on performance-weight-cost evaluations and center strike experiments and simulations done on these materials. The effort of this modeling and simulation are to down select for appropriate geometries to improve the performance of seams and corners. The tiles will be restricted to the sintered ceramics (SiC) due to the ability to fabricate SiC into complex geometries. Model ballistic experiments will validate the modeling done in simulation. During this period: 1) The effect of tile thickness at varying gap sizes was explored, finding that a center impact DOP can on be achieved If at a gap size of 0.508 mm. 2) In simulation the adhesive layer improves the ballistic efficiency of the target, experimental tests will confirm or deny this. 3) A step ladder seam design was designed and tested, results are positive. 4) Monolithic Aluminum base curve was re ran at 0.2 SPH and compared to ARL data, material properties may need to be adjusted.
ChemInform Abstract: The Stereospecific Synthesis of (2S,3R) 3‐Carboxyproline (XI) and (2S, 3R) 3‐Aminoproline (XVI). (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
BER of Antenna Code Sequence Modulation (ACSM) and Analysis under Repetition (2019)

Building on the well researched area of the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) diversity techniques, we propose a model for enhancing reliability and security in the 5G networks. In this proposed scheme, each bit is coded into a codeword and the bits of the codeword are mapped onto the transmit antenna in an orthogonal manner according to a defined mapper rule for antenna code sequence modulation (ACSM). We present the simulation results for ACSM under repetition coding and the development of the theoretical mathematical framework. Results show that ACSM can be used to achieve high reliability in harsh environment such as military combat zones through repetition, albeit at lower data rates.
Structure identification in relational data (1994)

This paper presents several investigations into the prospects for identifying meaningful structures in empirical data, namely, structures permitting effective organization of the data to meet requirements of future queries. We propose a general framework whereby the notion of identifiability is given a precise formal definition similar to that of learnability. Using this framework, we then explore if a tractable procedure exists for deciding whether a given relation is decomposable into a constraint network or a CNF theory with desirable topology and, if the answer is positive, identifying the desired decomposition. Finally, we address the problem of expressing a given relation as a Horn theory and, if this is impossible, finding the best k-Horn approximation to the given relation. We show that both problems can be solved in time polynomial in the length of the data.
Engine Knock Rating of Natural Gases—Methane Number (1993)

A procedure has been developed and documented for determining the methane number of gaseous fuels. The methane number provides an indication of the knock tendency of the fuel. An experimental test matrix was designed for quantifying the effects of ethane, propane, butane, and CO2. A unique gas mixing and control system was developed to supply test gases to the engine and to control the equivalence ratio and engine operation. The results of the experiments agreed well with the limited data published in the literature. Predictive equations were developed for the methane number (MN) of gaseous fuels using the gas composition. The forms of these equations are suitable for incorporation in a computer program or a spreadsheet.
RETRACTED: Oleanane-Type Saponins From the Aerial Parts of Panax bipinnatifidus (2020)

Panax bipinnatifidus Seem. (Araliaceae), 1 of 11 kinds of ginseng (Panax spp.), has been used in traditional medicine but there are very few publications regarding its chemical constituents. This f...
A Bayesian phase I/II platform design for co‐developing drug combination therapies for multiple indications (2021)

There is a growing trend to combine a new targeted or immunotherapy agent with the cancer-specific standard of care to treat different types of cancers. We propose a master-protocol-based, Bayesian phase I/II platform design to co-develop combination (BPCC) therapies in multiple indications. Under the BPCC design, only a single master protocol is needed, and the combined drug is evaluated in different indications in a concurrent or staggered fashion. For each indication, we jointly model dose-toxicity and -efficacy relationships and employ Bayesian hierarchical models to borrow information across them for more efficient indication-specific decision-making. To account for the characteristic of targeted or immunotherapy agents that their efficacy may not monotonically increase with the dose, and often plateau at high doses, we use the utility to quantify the risk-benefit tradeoff of the treatment. At each interim, we update the toxicity and efficacy model, as well as the estimate of the utility, based on the observed data across indications to inform the indication-specific decision of dose escalation and de-escalation and identify the optimal biological dose for each indication. Simulation study shows that the BPCC design has desirable operating characteristics, and that it provides an efficient approach to accelerate the development of combination therapies.
Back-Biasing to Performance and Reliability Evaluation of UTBB FDSOI, Bulk FinFETs, and SOI FinFETs (2017)

FinFETs and ultrathin body and buried oxide fully depleted silicon on insulator (UTBB-FDSOI) are the main transistors currently used in advanced integrated circuits (ICs). The tunable electrical properties via back-biasing facilitate the threshold voltage adjustment and enable IC designers to achieve a highly efficient and low-power-consuming operation. This study compares the modulation rate before and after hot carrier stress (HCS) of bulk FinFETs, UTBB-FDSOI (tBOX = 20 nm), and SOI FinFETs (t BOX>150 nm) via back-biasing. Simplified back-impedance models are proposed based on the impact of back-biasing on electrical characterization. Additionally, HCS with back-biasing shows a higher impact on UTBB FDSOI than on bulk FinFETs during reliability test, implying that the tBOX plays a critical role in the modulation rate. The lifetime with HCS indicates that the bulk FinFETs exhibit faster downscaling degradation than UTBB FDSOI probably due to the nature of multigate devices whose vertical electrical field should increase faster than planer devices during scaling.
Selective laser ablation of SiNx layers on textured surfaces for low temperature front side metallizations (2008)

Abstract For an alternative front side metallization process without screen printing of metal paste the selective opening of the front surface anti‐reflection coating could be realized by laser ablation. A successful implementation of this scheme requires direct absorption of the laser light within the anti‐reflection coating, since the emitter underneath must not be damaged severely. Additionally, the ablation must be feasible on textured surfaces. In this paper, we show that laser light with a wavelength of 355 nm and a pulse length of approximately 30 ns is absorbed directly by a typical silicon nitride anti‐reflection coating. Based on lifetime measurements on ablated samples it is shown that a damage free laser ablation of SiN x layers on planar surfaces is possible. The characteristic ablation structure on textured surfaces is explained and quantified by rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) simulations. Finally, high efficiency solar cells with a standard emitter ( R sh approx. 50 Ω/sq) have been processed using laser ablation of the silicon nitride anti‐reflection coating. These cells show efficiencies of up to 19·1%, comparable to the reference solar cells using photolithographically opened contact areas. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Orientation Distribution of Acicular CrO2 Particles in Coating. (1995)

This article describes how the orientation of acicular particles in coatings decreases from the angle of the applied field as the coatings become dry. Understanding this phenomenon is very important for making obliquely oriented tapes with a definite orientation angle. Obliquely oriented coatings of CrO2 particles were prepared in an electromagnet, and their structure was examined by X-ray diffraction, SEM observation, and magnetic measurement. It became clear that acicular particles in coatings show shrinkage disorientation depending on the coating depth.
Phase II trial of 5‐fluorouracil, leucovorin, interferon‐α‐2a, and cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced esophageal carcinoma (1996)

BACKGROUND Most patients with esophageal carcinoma present with locally advanced disease and a poor prognosis. Surgery or radiation provides palliation for locally advanced esophageal carcinoma. The role of neoadjuvant therapy remains to be defined. We administered neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin, interferon-α-2a, and ciplastin to 11 patients with locally advanced disease. METHODS Eleven patients with squamous cell or adenocarcinoma of the esophagus were treated preoperatively with two to three cycles of combination chemotherapy. Nine patients underwent resection with curative intent. RESULTS Six patients received three cycles of chemotherapy, and five received two. Dose reduction was necessary for two patients. One patient achieved a pathologic complete response, histologically confirmed. Of the eleven patients, two did not undergo surgery because of progressive disease during chemotherapy. Seven of the 9 patients relapsed after surgery and 2 have been disease free for 27 months. CONCLUSIONS The combination 5-FU, leucovorin, interferon-α-2a, and cisplatin administered in a neoadjuvant setting resulted in a median survival of 11.8 months with a median time to relapse of 7 months. Cancer 1996;77:2432-9.
Landscape Correspondence of Empirical and Population Risks in the Eigendecomposition Problem (2022)

Spectral methods include a family of algorithms related to the eigenvectors of certain data-generated matrices. In this work, we are interested in studying the geometric landscape of the eigendecomposition problem in various spectral methods. In particular, we first extend known results regarding the landscape at critical points to larger regions near the critical points in a special case of finding the leading eigenvector of a symmetric matrix. For a more general eigendecomposition problem, inspired by recent findings on the connection between the landscapes of empirical risk and population risk, we then build a novel connection between the landscape of an eigendecomposition problem that uses random measurements and the one that uses the true data matrix. We also apply our theory to a variety of low-rank matrix optimization problems and conduct a series of simulations to illustrate our theoretical findings.
The Nanocrystalline SnO 2 –TiO 2 System—Part I: Structural Features (2015)

The phases present and their crystal structure and microstructure in the nanocrystalline SnO 2 –TiO 2 system were studied in the compositional range Sn 1− x Ti x O 2 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.9). There is an apparent increase in the solubility limits in the solid solution compared to bulk crystalline SnO 2 –TiO 2 . No two phase region was observed with increasing TiO 2 content. Electron energy loss spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR ), and X‐ray diffraction ( XRD ) of the nanopowders showed that the apparent increase in solubility is related to the systematic Ti 4+ segregation on the particle surface (surface excess) at the SnO 2 ‐rich side, avoiding the nucleation of a second phase even at high Ti 4+ contents. Is this finding in accord with Raman spectra, which suggest localized Ti‐rich sites in the absence of a second crystalline phase. Ti 4+ surface excess is also lead to a modification of the surface hydroxyls and a decrease in the crystallite size of the nanoparticles (with a concomitant increase in surface area), with expected implications to catalytic and sensorial properties of these nanoparticles.
Dynamic Spatial Predicted Background for Video Surveillance (2019)

Video foreground-background separation is considered as a basic step for many computer vision applications. Common approaches excel in handling background variances while trying to keep the computational load low. We propose a novel method that models the scene as a superposition of illumination effects while predicting each pixel's value with a linear estimator comprised by a few other pixels of the scene. By doing so, we are able to achieve real-time performance using minimal hardware, which is a crucial consideration for embedding such a system on surveillance cameras. Experimental results on two common datasets show our method's potential by comparing it to state-of-the-art methods.
Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitor Anacardic Acid Causes Changes in Global Gene Expression during In Vitro Plasmodium falciparum Development (2008)

To better understand the role of histone lysine acetylation in transcription in Plasmodium falciparum, we sought to attenuate histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity using anacardic acid (AA). We showed that AA reversibly and noncompetitively inhibited the HAT activity of recombinant PfGCN5. To a lesser extent, AA inhibited the PfGCN5 activity in parasite nuclear extracts but did not affect histone deacetylase activity. AA blocked the growth of both chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of approximately 30 microM. Treatment of the parasites with 20 microM of AA for 12 h had no obvious effect on parasite growth or gross morphology but induced hypoacetylation of histone H3 at K9 and K14, but not H4 at K5, K8, K12, and K16, suggesting inhibition of the PfGCN5 HAT. Microarray analysis showed that this AA treatment resulted in twofold or greater change in the expression of 271 (approximately 5%) parasite genes in late trophozoites, among which 207 genes were downregulated. Cluster analysis of gene expression indicated that AA mostly downregulated active genes, and this gene pool significantly overlapped with that enriched for H3K9 acetylation. We further demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and real-time PCR that AA treatment reduced acetylation near the putative promoters of a set of downregulated genes. This study suggests that the parasiticidal effect of AA is at least partially associated with its inhibition of PfGCN5 HAT, resulting in the disturbance of the transcription program in the parasites.