gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A general calculus of fitness landscapes finds genes under selection in cancers (2022)

Genetic variants drive the evolution of traits and diseases. We previously modeled these variants as small displacements in fitness landscapes and estimated their functional impact by differentiating the evolutionary relationship between genotype and phenotype. Conversely, here we integrate these derivatives to identify genes steering specific traits. Over cancer cohorts, integration identified 460 likely tumor-driving genes. Many have literature and experimental support but had eluded prior genomic searches for positive selection in tumors. Beyond providing cancer insights, these results introduce a general calculus of evolution to quantify the genotype-phenotype relationship and discover genes associated with complex traits and diseases.
Inertia and Chiral Edge Modes of a Skyrmion Magnetic Bubble (2012)

The dynamics of a vortex in a thin-film ferromagnet resembles the motion of a charged massless particle in a uniform magnetic field. Similar dynamics is expected for other magnetic textures with a nonzero Skyrmion number. However, recent numerical simulations reveal that Skyrmion magnetic bubbles show significant deviations from this model. We show that a Skyrmion bubble possesses inertia and derive its mass from the standard theory of a thin-film ferromagnet. In addition to center-of-mass motion, other low energy modes are waves on the edge of the bubble traveling with different speeds in opposite directions.
Intelligent Radio for Next Generation Wireless Communications: An Overview (2019)

This article discusses various issues on intelligent radio (IR) from a perspective of intelligent UE and intelligent BS. Unlike a traditional UE, an intelligent UE can automatically access channel resources, cooperate with other UEs, and manage interferences. To implement such an intelligent UE, innovative techniques should be used, such as smart resource sensing and grant-free transmission. The core of IR lies in the development of thinking hardware, which can collect/process vital information of the environment and manage its resources optimally to support ultra-broadband communications. In particular, an integrated radar-communication unit is one of the most critical environment sensors in an intelligent UE, which helps it to acquire accurate location and mobility information of its neighbors for cooperation and interference avoidance. The traditional physical layer designs (such as beamforming and MIMO) should be revolutionized for the development of IR. ML and other AI algorithms play an important role in both BS and UEs. The communication protocols should be re-designed as well. The IR can offer a very high spectrum efficiency and power efficiency and is one of the most important research topics for future-generation wireless communications.
Evaluation of the Collaborative Wheelchair Assistant System (2007)

The collaborative wheelchair assistant (CWA) is a robotic wheelchair which makes full use of human skills, by involving the user into the navigation control. The user gives the high-level commands and directly controls the speed, while the low-level control is taken over by the machine, which is tracking a software defined guide path. This paper presents an evaluation of the CWA system, consisting of experiments performed with human subjects. We investigated the performance of the system in terms of its interaction with healthy subjects and motion efficiency. Initial experiments with a cerebral palsy subject were also performed. The results show that path guidance brings safe motion and drastically simplifies the control. The wheelchair user adopts a driving behavior which is optimal from the first trial and requires little intervention.
beta1 Integrin and alpha-dystroglycan binding sites are localized to different laminin-G-domain-like (LG) modules within the laminin alpha5 chain G domain (2003)

Laminins are a group of extracellular-matrix proteins important in development and disease. They are heterotrimers, and specific domains in the different chains have specialized functions. The G domain of the alpha5 chain has now been produced in transfected mammalian cells as single modules and two tandem arrays, alpha5LG1-3 and alpha5LG4-5 (LG is laminin G domain-like). Using these fragments we produced specific polyclonal antibodies functional in immunoblotting and immunofluorescence studies and in solid-phase assays. Both alpha5LG tandem arrays had physiologically relevant affinities for sulphated ligands such as heparin and sulphatides. Cells adhered to these fragments and acquired a spread morphology when plated on alpha5LG1-3. Binding of integrins alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta1 was localized to the alpha5LG1-3 modules, and alpha-dystroglycan binding was localized to the alpha5LG4-5 modules, thus locating these activities to different LG modules within the laminin alpha5 G domain. However, both these activities were of relatively low affinity, indicating that integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the laminin 10/11 alpha5G domain depends on contributions from the other chains of the heterotrimer and that high-affinity alpha-dystroglycan binding could be dependent on specific Ca(2+)-ion-co-ordinating amino acids absent from alpha5LG4-5.
Déformation de la houle sur une plage à barres : Sète (Campagne PNEC-automne 2000) (2002)

Une analyse de l'volution cross-shore de la houle l'approche de la cte est effectue sur un site comportant deux barres sdimentaires parallles la plage. L'analyse spectrale de donnes acquises sous plusieurs situations d'agitations est ralise. Les transferts d'nergie dus des interactions non-linaires onde-onde qui s'oprent au cours de situations caractristiques sont dcrits.
Magneto-Optic Trapping of210Fr (1996)

The alkali element francium has no stable isotopes and has eluded extensive study because sufficient quantities have not been available for detailed investigations. More than 1000 ${}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}$ atoms have now been contained in a magneto-optic trap. This number is sufficient to allow extensive studies of Fr atomic properties that are necessary input for future tests of fundamental interactions.
Digital signal processing for rail monitoring by means of ultrasonic guided waves (2007)

Recent train accidents have reaffirmed the need for developing rail defect detection systems that are more effective than those used today. One of the recent developments in rail inspection is the use of ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs) and non-contact probing techniques to target transverse-type defects. Besides the obvious advantages of non-contact probing, that include robustness and a potential for large inspection speed, such a system can theoretically detect transverse defects under horizontal shelling or head checks. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of digital signal processing to enhance the damage detection sensitivity of the non-contact system. The method proposed here combines the advantages of UGW inspection with the outcomes of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) that is used for extracting robust defect-sensitive features. In particular, the DWT is exploited to de-noise the ultrasonic signals in real-time and generate a set of relevant wavelet coefficients to construct a uni-dimensional damage index. The general framework proposed in this paper is applied to the detection of crack-like and internal defects in a railroad track mock-up built at UCSD. The proposed signal analysis approach is general and is applicable to many other structural monitoring applications using UGWs as the main defect diagnosis tool.
Novel effects of beraprost sodium on vasculatures. (2010)

Beraprost sodium (BPS) is a stable orally active prostacyclin analogue with vasodilatory and anti-platelet effects, and has been widely used as therapeutics for pulmonary artery hypertension and chronic arterial obstruction. In order to elucidate its effects on endothelium, we first examined the short-term effects of BPS on nitric oxide (NO) production and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activation using bovine aortic endothelial cells. Short-term treatment of BPS induced NO production as well as eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1179 mediated via cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. The effects of BPS on capillary-like tube formation were next determined using human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs)/normal human dermal fibroblasts co-culture system. BPS was observed to induce capillary-like tube formation mediated via cAMP/PKA pathway, but not via NO generation. Finally, we performed DNA microarray analyses using RNA extracted from BPS treated HUVECs. Interestingly, BPS up-regulated several genes involved in angiogenesis, anti-atherosclerosis, and endothelial function, while down-regulated several genes involved in atherosclerosis. Our data therefore indicate that BPS may be useful not only for patients with pulmonary artery hypertension and chronic arterial obstruction, but also for general atherosclerotic patients complicated with endothelial dysfunction. Further studies are needed to clarify molecular mechanisms of these BPS effects including the involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta.
MAPPING QTLS INFLUENCING STIGMA EXERTION IN RICE (2014)

Lou, J., G. H. Yue, W. Q. YanG, H. W. Mei, L. J. Luo and H. J. Lu, 2014. Mapping QTLs influencing stigma exertion in rice. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 20: 1450-1456 Stigma exertion plays an important role in the efficient improvement of commercial seed production in hybrid rice. To un derstand the genetic basis of stigma exertion, a quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis was conducted using the F 2 population derived from two indica cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) maintainers Huhan1B and K17B. QTLs influencing percentage of single exerted stigma (PSES), percentage of dual exerted stigma (PDES) and total exerted stigma (PES) were detected using a linkage map of 92 SSR markers. A total of 1, 3 and 1 QTLs were detected for PSES, PDES and PES, respectively. There were one to five pairs of epistatic QTLs affected stigma exertion. The contribution rate of additive and epistatic effects were in a low magnitude for most cases (0.83%-13.77%) while one QTL (qPES-6) and one pair of epistatic QTL explained 18.82% and 25.44% of total variance. The interval of RM3575-RM3351 on chromosome 5 contained two QTLs for PSES and PDES with reverse function, while RM8225-RM225 on chromosome 6 influencing PDES and PES functioned in the same way. If qPSES-5 and qPDES-5 were two tightly linked QTLs, recombination between these loci could improve both PSES and PDES. Otherwise the application of qPDES-5 to improve PDES could be selected by MAS in rice breeding practice.
Hybrid super-resolution combining example-based single-image and interpolation-based multi-image reconstruction approaches (2015)

Achieving a higher spatial resolution is of particular interest in many applications such as video surveillance and can be realized by employing higher resolution sensors or applying super-resolution methods. Traditional super-resolution algorithms are based on either a single low resolution image or on multiple low resolution frames. In this paper, a hybrid super-resolution method is proposed which combines both a single-image and a multi-image approach using a soft decision mask. The mask is computed from the motion information utilized in the multi-image super-resolution part. This concept is shown to work for one particular setup but is also extensible toward other combinations of single-image and multi-image super-resolution algorithms as well as other merging metrics. Simulation results show an average luminance PSNR gain of up to 0.85 dB and 0.59 dB for upscaling factors of 2 and 4, respectively. Visual results substantiate the objective results.
The "gain-lever" effect in InGaAsP/InP multiple quantum well lasers (1995)

The gain-lever-effect has been assessed in both multiple quantum well (MQW) and bulk active region lasers having a range of lengths and split ratios in the top contact. Compared with a conventional single-contact laser, a 500-/spl mu/m MQW FP device with a top-contact split ratio of 8:1 exhibited >15-dB improvement in AM efficiency and a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of 7.5 dB. With proper impedance matching, these figures may be improved. A reduced noise figure is obtained at the expense of dynamic range with an additional nonlinearity seen experimentally due to thermal and carrier leakage when compared with simulations carried out using a harmonic balance model. Used carefully, these gain-lever lasers are useful components for future analogue fiber-optic systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
New Direct 11B NMR-Based Analysis of Organoboranes through Their Potassium Borohydrides (2003)

Representative organoborane mixtures were quantitatively converted to their borohydrides through their reaction with activated KH (KH), permitting their detailed analysis by (11)B NMR. Through the treatment of commercial KH with a THF solution of lithium aluminum hydride (LAH), a dramatic change in the surface morphology results as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersed spectroscopy (EDS) was employed to reveal that the LAH treatment deposits a significant amount of an unknown aluminum-containing species on the surface of the KH, which imparts a unique reactivity to the KH. Even highly hindered organoboranes are quantitatively converted to their borohydrides by replacing electronegative groups (e.g., OR, halogen) with hydrogen, retaining only the carbon ligation. Through this simple KH treatment, complex organoborane reaction mixtures are converted to the corresponding borohydrides whose (11)B NMR spectra normally exhibit resolved signals for the individual species present. The integration of these signals provides quantitative information on the relative amounts of each component of the mixture. New generalities for the effect of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-substituents have also been determined that provide a new, simple technique for the determination of the isomeric distribution in organoborane mixtures resulting from common organoborane processes (e.g., hydroboration). Moreover, the (1)H-coupled (11)B NMR spectra of these mixtures reveal the extent of alkylation for each species present. Representative organoboranes were examined by this new technique permitting a simple and convenient quantitative analysis of the regio- and diastereomeric composition of a variety of asymmetric organoborane processes. Previously unknown details of pinene-based hydroborations and reductions are revealed for the first time employing the KH (11)B NMR technique.
Facile Abstraction of Successive Oxygen Atoms from Perchlorate Ions by Methylrhenium Dioxide (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile Abstraction of Successive Oxygen Atoms from Perchlorate Ions by Methylrhenium DioxideMahdi M. Abu-Omar and James H. EspensonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 25, 6239–6240Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00129a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00129a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views254Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Introduction (2019)

The devastating fire in the 200-year-old Museu Nacional in Rio de Janeiro on September 2, 2018, demonstrates the vital importance of the historiography of sciences and the arts. As most collections have vanished, it is left to the history of science to pick up the pieces and present past developments in their complexity and global entanglements. In this special issue we aim to do this for the work of German and German-speaking anthropologists in Latin America, with a special focus on Brazil, carried out between the 1880s and 1945.
Systematic Review of the Use of Phytochemicals for Management of Pain in Cancer Therapy (2015)

Pain in cancer therapy is a common condition and there is a need for new options in therapeutic management. While phytochemicals have been proposed as one pain management solution, knowledge of their utility is limited. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the biomedical literature for the use of phytochemicals for management of cancer therapy pain in human subjects. Of an initial database search of 1,603 abstracts, 32 full-text articles were eligible for further assessment. Only 7 of these articles met all inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The average relative risk of phytochemical versus control was 1.03 [95% CI 0.59 to 2.06]. In other words (although not statistically significant), patients treated with phytochemicals were slightly more likely than patients treated with control to obtain successful management of pain in cancer therapy. We identified a lack of quality research literature on this subject and thus were unable to demonstrate a clear therapeutic benefit for either general or specific use of phytochemicals in the management of cancer pain. This lack of data is especially apparent for psychotropic phytochemicals, such as the Cannabis plant (marijuana). Additional implications of our findings are also explored.
Cyclic anhydride ring opening reactions: Theory and application (1998)

The development of a zero net shrinkage dental restorative material based upon a polymer-bioactive-glass composite requires a second-phase material that expands. This study details the mechanisms of organic cyclic anhydride ring expansion via hydrolysis. Six cyclic anhydrides were used to represent potential side groups, each of which could be an expanding phase or component. Maleic, 4META, tetrahydrophthalic, norbornene, itaconic, and succinic anhydrides were modeled using the Austin method (AM1), a semi-empirical molecular orbital method. The reaction pathways were determined for the anhydride ring opening reaction to form an acid for each case. The activation barriers (Ea) for the ring openings were found from the transition state geometries wherein only one imaginary eigen value in the vibration spectrum existed (a true saddle point). In each case the reaction pathway included the hydrogen bonding of a H2O molecule to the ring, weakening of the C-O bridging bonds of the ring, and, finally, the dissociation of the H2O, forming two carboxyl groups and opening the ring. The activation for the ring openings are +34.3, +36.9, +40.6, +43.1, +45.9, and +47.7 kcal/mol, respectively. The volumetric expansion of the anhydrides was estimated based upon the dilation of C-O-C atomic distances. The dimensional change was found to be 24.0%, 24.0%, 19.1%, 20.3%, 20.8%, and 17.9% for the anhydride rings, respectively. Finally, it was found that a linear correlation exists between the cyclic anhydride C-O asymmetric rocking (as-v) vibration and the activation energy (Ea) for hydrolysis to an acid. This may be used as an experimental indicator of a cyclic anhydride's activity.
Structure-efficiency relationship in derivatives of stilbene. Comparison of resveratrol, pinosylvin and pterostilbene. (2008)

The presence of different functional groups in the molecules of stilbenoids influence their antioxidative effect. Modification of these functional groups may result in derivatives with required antioxidative properties, targeting mainly extracellular ROS which are responsible for tissue damage during chronic inflammation.
A Semantic Information Services Framework for Sustainable WEEE Management Toward Cloud-Based Remanufacturing (2015)

Sustainable management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has attracted escalating concerns of researchers and industries. Closer information linking among the participants in the products's lifecycle should take place. How to interoperate among the distributed and heterogeneous information systems of various participants is a challenge faced. Targeting the cloud-based remanufacturing, this article aims to develop a semantic information services framework for sustainable WEEE management. In the proposed framework, an ontology based approach is developed to integrate and represent the lifecycle information from multiple local data sources within an information services provider. Meanwhile, a semantic information services management platform is introduced for the advertisement, matchmaking and retrieval of semantic information services. Some relevant techniques used to build the framework are introduced extensively. A demonstration case study on waste LCD TV is used to illustrate the effectiveness and significance of the proposed framework.
Demonstration of semipolar (11-22) InGaN/GaN blue-green light emitting diode (2008)

A semipolar (11-22) (Ga, In)N/GaN blue-green light emitting diode directly grown on a 2 inch (11-22) GaN template on (10-10) m-plane sapphire by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy is demonstrated. The processed devices show uniform output power and an emission wavelength at ∼490 nm across the entire wafer. No blue shifting of the peak emission could be observed by electroluminescence measurements, when the drive current was increased. On-wafer measurements yielded an average power output of 7 and 23 µW for drive currents of 20 and 80 mA, respectively.
Countrywide implementation of whole genome sequencing: an opportunity to improve tuberculosis management, surveillance and contact tracing in low incidence countries (2018)

<b>Whole genome sequencing can be adopted at national level as routine assay for diagnosis, universal drug susceptibility testing and epidemiological investigation of TB cases in low incidence countries</b>http://ow.ly/KA7I30jr0Wo
A Control-Oriented and Physics-Based Model for Ionic Polymer--Metal Composite Actuators (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Ionic polymer--metal composite (IPMC) actuators have promising applications in biomimetic robotics, biomedical devices, and micro/nanomanipulation. In this paper, a physics-based model is developed for IPMC actuators, which is amenable to model reduction and control design. The model is represented as an infinite-dimensional transfer function relating the bending displacement to the applied voltage. It is obtained by exactly solving the governing partial differential equation in the Laplace domain for the actuation dynamics, where the effect of the distributed surface resistance is incorporated. The model is expressed in terms of fundamental material parameters and actuator dimensions, and is thus, geometrically scalable. To illustrate the utility of the model in controller design, an <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$H_{\infty}$</tex></formula> controller is designed based on the reduced model and applied to tracking control. Experimental results are presented to validate the proposed model and its effectiveness in real-time control design. </para>