gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
quantum statistical properties in a single trapped ion interacting with a laser field (2002)

In this paper we use the quasi-mutual entropy, which does not depend on quantum channel, as a measure of information content of ionic state due to ion-laser interaction in a single trapped ion. It is found that the quasi-mutual entropy is a good measure of the entanglement degree of the ionic state at any time. We examine numerically the population inversion, the photon number distribution and degree of entanglement due to quasi-mutual entropy for a single trapped ion interacting with a laser held. During the transition from collapse to revival and vice-versa we have a minimum degree of entanglement value. Successive revival peaks show a lowering of the local maximum points indicating a dissipative irreversible change in the ionic state. We propose a generation of Bell-type states having a simple initial state preparation of a single trapped ion.
Spodosol Development and Nutrient Distribution Under Hydnaceae Fungal Mats (1972)

Abstract The hyphae of Hydnellum scleropodium Harrison form tough, felt‐like mats at the base of the O horizon in dry jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forests. The effects of these mats on the underlying soil were investigated in forests near Sioux Lookout, Ontario, Canada. The stands studied contained an average of 100 mats/ha. These mats were approximately 1 m in diameter and covered about 1% of the land area. The O horizon above the mats was thinner than in the adjacent area. The soil profile beneath the mats was more meature than the average profile in the area due to increased movement of organic matter, Fe, Al, and exchangeable bases downward into the B horizon. No evidence of increased clay translocation was found. In the A2 and B2 beneath the mats, total N was lower and extractable N was higher than in the surrounding soil. Both total P and extractable P were lower in the A2 and higher in the B2 beneath the mats. Extractable K was higher in the A horizon beneath the mats than it was in the normal soil. The fungal mats sped soil profile development and increased nutrient availability in the soil directly beneath them.
The Preparation of the Hydrides of Zinc, Cadmium, Beryllium, Magnesium and Lithium by the Use of Lithium Aluminum Hydride1 (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of the Hydrides of Zinc, Cadmium, Beryllium, Magnesium and Lithium by the Use of Lithium Aluminum Hydride1Glenn D. Barbaras, Clyde Dillard, A. E. Finholt, Thomas Wartik, K. E. Wilzbach, and H. I. SchlesingerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 10, 4585–4590Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01154a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01154a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1105Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transition Metal‐Free Direct Trifluoromethylation of 2,3‐Dihydropyridin‐4(1H)‐ones at Room Temperature (2014)

Abstract A transition metal‐free, regioselective C‐5 trifluoromethylation of 2,3‐dihydropyridin‐4(1 H )‐ones (cyclic enaminones) with trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane (TMSCF 3 ) was developed that proceeds under mild conditions at room temperature. This direct transformation was successful with both electron‐rich and electron‐deficient cyclic enaminones. This method bypasses substrate prefunctionalization and transition metal catalysis, and allows the convenient and direct access to a variety of medicinally important 3‐trifluoromethylpiperidine derivatives. This chemistry also represents a rare example of a direct trifluoromethylation of an internal olefinic CH bond. A radical mechanism is proposed for this reaction. magnified image
A Novel Soft-Switching Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Dual Voltage Automotive Systems (2021)

This paper presents a new zero current switching bidirectional DC-DC converter for dual voltage automotive systems. The improved version of hard-switched DC-DC converter with an additional auxiliary resonant network, which is a combination of two auxiliary switches, two resonant inductors and two capacitors. The operating characteristics of this converter design is to transfer the power flow from low voltage to high voltage and vice-versa. The soft-turn on (ZCS) and soft-turn off (ZCS) operations are achieved by using two auxiliary resonant networks. In addition to that, the auxiliary switches obtain ZCS turn-on/ turn off operations, since additional losses are negligible. Minimized switching losses and improved efficiency are significant merits in this topology. The operation principles and design simulation analysis are reported in this paper in order to validate the theoretical analysis. The simulation of converter design is performed on 100/350V/500W converter system operated at 75 kHz switching frequency.
NRG1is frequently silenced by methylation in breast cancers and is a strong candidate for the 8p tumour suppressor gene (2008)

Background Previous epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between individual nutrients such as vitamin D and vitamin B 12 and mammographic density, a strong marker of breast cancer risk [1], with varied results. There has been limited research on overall dietary patterns and most studies have focused on adult dietary patterns [2]. We examine prospective data to determine whether dietary patterns from childhood to adult life affect mammographic density. Methods The Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development is a national representative sample of 2,815 men and 2,547 women followed since their birth in March 1946 [3]. A wealth of medical and social data has been collected in over 25 follow-ups by home visits, medical examinations and postal questionnaires. Dietary intakes at age 4 years were determined by 24-hour recalls and in adulthood (ages 36, 43 years) by 5-day food records. Copies of the mammograms (two views for each breast) taken when the women were closest to age 50 years were obtained from the relevant NHS centres. A total of 1,319 women were followed up since birth in 1946 for whom a mammogram at age 50 years was retrieved, and the percentage mammographic density was measured using the computer-assisted threshold method for all 1,161 women. Breast cancer incidence for the whole cohort is being ascertained through the National Health Service Central Register. Statistical analysis Reduced rank regression analysis, a relatively new approach to dietary pattern analysis, is being used to identify dietary patterns associated with mammographic density [4]. This approach identifies patterns in food intake that are predictive of an intermediate outcome of the disease process, such as mammographic density, and subsequently examines the relationship between the identified dietary patterns and breast cancer risk.
Time dependent properties of PbZrxTi1-xO3crystals (1991)

Abstract Temperature and time dependences of the electric permittivity were investigated for PbZrxTi1-xO3 single crystals with xα 0.99. In the intermediate phase below transition point, ε(t) runs were better fitted to the stretched exponential than to the logarithmic functions. Application of a d.c. electric field induces a transition from glass-like to ferroelectric behaviour In this case the logarithmic time law for ε(t) is obeyed.
The Effects of Prolonged Vibrotactile EMG-Based Biofeedback on Ankle Joint Range of Motion During Gait in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Series (2022)

Preliminary findings of this case series demonstrate the feasibility of vibrotactile EMG-based BF and suggest potential effectiveness to increase active ankle range of motion, therefore serving as a promising therapeutic tool to improve gait in children with spastic CP.
Data Center Service Localization based on Virtual Resource Migration in Software Defined Elastic Optical Network (2015)

We present a data center service localization architecture based on virtual resource migration in software defined elastic optical network. The overall feasibility and efficiency of the proposed architecture are experimentally verified on our testbed.
Front Matter for Volume 7802 (2010)

This PDF file contains the Front Matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7802, including the Title page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Conference Committee listing, and introduction.
Designing the hydrophobic core of Thermus flavus malate dehydrogenase based on side-chain packing (1998)

We have developed a computational method for the de novo design of hydrophobic cores of proteins and tested it experimentally. The method is composed of a pair of programs, (i) to optimize side-chain conformations using an updated rotamer library for potential hydrophobic residues, based on the backbone structure of the protein of interest, and (ii) to estimate changes in Gibbs free energies between the folded and unfolded structures of the optimized sequence. Using these programs, we have engineered several variants of Thermus flavus malate dehydrogenase. To quantitate the stability change in each variant, the circular dichroism spectra of the proteins were measured as a function of guanidine hydrochloride concentration and deltadeltaG(H2O) values of the proteins were determined by extrapolation of the experimental data. However, variants with double replacements showed different denaturation cooperativity from that of the wild type and therefore it was difficult to simply compare the theoretical and experimental stability of each variant using calculated deltadeltaG and experimental deltadeltaG(H2O) values. When the calculated deltadeltaG values were compared with those at 3.5 M guanidine hydrochloride, which was the transition midpoint obtained from the denaturation curve of the wild type, good correlation was observed.
Effects of Oxidation on Debinding Process for Sintered Properties of Injection Molded Copper Powders. (1994)

In this paper, the effects of oxidation on thermal debinding process for properties
Popularization and Formative Evaluation of Young Teachers (2005)

Abstract: With the popularization of the higher education in China, the training of young teachers has been more and more prominent. This paper, by using the “Formative Evaluation Theory”, analyzes the relationship between popularization and university young teacher training. In addition, it also profoundly discusses the two factors influencing the development of university teachers—the Formative Evaluation Idea and interpersonal relationship. Finally, the author proposes that it is a critical method to formatively evaluate young teachers by using the multi-intelligence theory. Key words: popularization of higher education young teachers formative evaluation With the popularization of higher education in China, a great number of young teachers have been recruited in universities. Naturally, the training and evaluation of these young teachers has become an urgent task for universities to fulfill, especially when higher education in China is encountering with globalization, popularization and informationization after our entry into WTO. The training and development of university young teachers is closely related to the development of Chinese universities and higher education in the long run. Therefore, for technically and intelligently strengthening China, the training of university young teachers should be carried out strategically. 1. The Relationship between Popularization and Young Teachers ’ Development With the accelerating of refreshing of university faculty, the requirement of the teaching faculty has been
Novel Translational Control through an Iron-Responsive Element by Interaction of Multifunctional Protein YB-1 and IRP2 (2002)

The eukaryotic Y-box-binding protein YB-1 functions in various biological processes, including DNA repair, cell proliferation, and transcriptional and translational controls. To gain further insight into how human YB-1 plays its role in pleiotropic functions, we here used two-hybrid screenings to identify partners of this protein; the results showed that YB-1 itself, iron-regulatory protein 2 (IRP2), and five ribosomal proteins each served as partners to YB-1. We then examined the biological effect of the interaction of YB-1 and IRP2 on translational regulation. Both in vitro binding and coimmunoprecipitation assays showed the direct interaction of YB-1 and IRP2 in the presence of a high concentration of iron. RNA gel shift assays showed that YB-1 reduced the formation of the IRP2-mRNA complex when the iron-responsive element of the ferritin mRNA 5' untranslated region (UTR) was used as a probe. By using an in vitro translation assay using luciferase mRNA ligated to the ferritin mRNA 5'UTR as a reporter construct, we showed that both YB-1 and IRP2 inhibited the translation of the mRNA. However, coadministration of YB-1 and IRP2 proteins abrogated the inhibition of protein synthesis by each protein. An In vivo coimmunoprecipitation assay showed that IRP2 bound to YB-1 in the presence of iron and a proteasome inhibitor. The direct interaction of YB-1 and IRP2 provides the first evidence of the involvement of YB-1 in the translational regulation of an iron-related protein.
High proton conduction in Ba2LuAlO5 with highly oxygen-deficient layers (2023)

Abstract Proton conductors have found diverse applications, such as electrolytes in proton ceramic fuel cells, which require high ionic conductivity at low temperatures and high chemical stability. Here, we report the oxide, Ba 2 LuAlO 5 , which exhibits proton conductivities of 10 − 2 S cm − 1 at 487 °C and 1.5 × 10 − 3 S cm − 1 at 232 °C, high diffusivity and high chemical stability without chemical doping. Ba 2 LuAlO 5 is a hexagonal perovskite-related oxide with highly oxygen-deficient hexagonal close-packed h′ layers, which enables a large amount of water uptake x = 0.50 in Ba 2 LuAlO 5 · x H 2 O. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and neutron diffraction show the hydration in the h′ layer and proton migration mainly around cubic close-packed c layers existing at the interface of octahedral LuO 6 layers. These results demonstrate that the high proton conduction allowed by the highly oxygen-deficient and cubic close-packed layers is a promising strategy for the development of high-performance proton conductors.
A Statewide Effort to Diversify the Undergraduate Engineering Student Population (2024)

Undergraduate engineering education is being transformed at every level of curricular, cocurricular, and extra-curricular experiences which requires an institutional shift in examining and redefining what it means to provide students with equitable access for student admission, and engagement, and success, in student admissions and graduation. Research shows that putting too much weight on high stakes standardized tests is resulting in a misrepresentation of actual student potential for academic success and may disadvantage students from historically underrepresented groups. This is especially true with undergraduate engineering programs where a minimum standardized test score is frequently required for admission. This dynamic is relevant in Nebraska where the demographics of the high school graduates, and in particular the growth of the Hispanic/Latino/a population, is changing quickly. In response to this, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln College of Engineering (UNL-COE) admits students who would not ordinarily be admitted under the college's current guidelines, particularly with respect to minimum ACT score and enacting wraparound state of the art Engineering Support Service (ESS) to provide comprehensive institutional support to alternately admitted students. Students admitted using this alternative screening will receive targeted programs focused on engagement, training, and enrichment activities designed to increase their success. This paper will report baseline data related to state demographics, diversity profile of the UNL-COE undergraduate student population, strategies being deployed to broaden admission considerations, student support systems, and student success. Mixed methods social science research and evaluation will contribute to knowledge on student perceptions and realization of academic and professional support in engineering and will enhance understanding of alternate academic pathways to success for alternately admitted engineering students.
Front matter (2015)

Proceedings of the 8th Semantics and Linguistic Theory Conference, held May 8-10, 1998 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, edited by Devon Strolovitch and Aaron Lawson.
659. Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Assay for Early Detection of Bacteriuria (2019)

Abstract Background Patients with suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) are often prescribed an empiric antibiotic treatment due to delays in obtaining results of urine cultures. The BacterioScan System measures the turbidity of incubating urine specimens to provide a qualitative determination of bacteriuria at a density of &gt;5 × 104 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL within approximately 3 hours. We examined the utility of the BacterioScan assay in predicting bacteriuria and assessed the potential impact of this test to reduce the number of urine cultures processed. Methods Urine samples received for culture in the microbiology laboratory of the Cleveland VA Medical Center were collected daily between September 2018 and December 2018. For each specimen, we performed a bacterioscan diagnostic test and compared it with the result of the traditional culture and urinalysis if available. Urinary cultures were categorized into 4 groups as defined in Figure 1. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of the bacterioscan vs. urinalysis (leukocyte esterase and/or pyuria) results. Results 120 urine samples were tested. As shown in Table 1, the BacterioScan had better sensitivity and specificity than the urinalysis for detection of positive urine cultures. The use of the BacterioScan to rule out UTI could have accurately spared 69 of 120 (57.5%) samples from traditional culture and prevented 26 of 120 (21.6%) from possible misinterpretation as infection due to reporting of growth. BacterioScan resulted in 4 of 31 (12.9%) false negatives, but all occurred when positive cultures were due to viridans streptococci or uropathogens in numbers below 100,000 CFU.ml. Conclusion The BacterioScan system is a rapid diagnostic test that provides early information on urine culture results that could help to avoid overuse of empirical antimicrobials in patients with suspected UTI and decrease the workload of the Microbiology Laboratory. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
The biosynthetic gene cluster for the anticancer drug bleomycin from Streptomyces verticillus ATCC15003 as a model for hybrid peptide-polyketide natural product biosynthesis (2001)

The hybrid peptide-polyketide backbone of bleomycin (BLM) is assembled by the BLM megasynthetase that consists of both nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) modules. BlmIX/BlmVIII/BlmVII constitute a natural hybrid NRPS/PKS/NRPS system, serving as a model for both hybrid NRPS/PKS and PKS/NRPS systems. Sequence analysis and functional comparison of domains and modules of BlmIX/BlmVIII/BlmVII with those of nonhybrid NRPS and PKS systems suggest that (1) the same catalytic sites appear to be conserved in both hybrid NRPS-PKS and nonhybrid NRPS or PKS systems, with the exception of the KS domains in the hybrid NRPS/PKS systems that are unique; (2) specific interpolypeptide linkers may play a critical role in intermodular communication to facilitate transfer of the growing intermediates between the interacting NRPS and/or PKS modules; and (3) posttranslational modification of the BLM megasynthetase has been accomplished by a single PPTase with a broad substrate specificity toward the apo forms of both acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) and peptidyl carrier proteins (PCPs).
Modulating the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Signaling Pathway: Applications From Cardiovascular Disease to Cancer (2004)

Humans, like other complex aerobic organisms, possess highly evolved systems for the delivery of dioxygen to all the cells of the body. These systems are regulated since excessive levels of dioxygen are toxic. In animals hypoxia causes an increase in the transcription levels of specific genes, including those encoding for vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin. At the transcriptional level, the hypoxic response is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), an alpha,beta-heterodimeric protein. HIF-beta is constitutively present, but HIF-alpha levels are regulated by dioxygen. Under hypoxic conditions, levels of HIF-alpha rise, allowing its dimerization with HIF-beta and enabling transcriptional activation. Under normoxic conditions both the level of HIF-alpha and its ability to enable transcription are directly controlled by its post-translational oxidation by oxygenases. Hydroxylation of HIF-alpha at either of two conserved prolyl residues enables its recognition by the von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor protein which targets it for proteasomal degradation. Hydroxylation of an asparaginyl residue in the C-terminal transactivation domain of HIF-alpha directly prevents its interaction with the coactivator p300 from the transcription complex. Hydroxylation of HIF-alpha is catalysed by members of the iron (II) and 2-oxoglutarate dependent oxygenase family. In humans, three prolyl-hydroxylase isozymes (PHD1-3, for prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes) and an asparaginyl hydroxylase (FIH, for factor inhibiting HIF) have been identified. Recent studies have identified additional post-translational modifications of HIF-alpha including acetylation and phosphorylation. Modulation of the HIF mediated hypoxic response is of potential use in a wide range of disease states including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Here we review current knowledge of the HIF pathway focusing on its regulation by dioxygen and discussion of potential targets and challenges in attempts to modulate the pathway for medicinal application.