gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliability of the total lymphocyte count as a parameter of nutrition. (1985)

To evaluate the total lymphocyte count as a means of nutritional assessment, body composition studies (a proven method of nutritional assessment) and total lymphocyte determinations were performed simultaneously in 153 patients. The total lymphocyte count correlated poorly with both the body cell mass and the nutritional state measured by the Nae to Ke ratio. For diagnosing malnutrition, the total lymphocyte count had a false-positive rate of 34% and a false-negative rate of 50%. In a group of 78 patients who received total parenteral nutrition for 2 weeks, the total lymphocyte count did not accurately reflect the nutritional changes. Due to its poor sensitivity and specificity, the total lymphocyte count is of no value as a measure of the nutritional state.
Electrical Methods for Skin Moisture Assessment (1995)

Skin sites on 8 test subjects were treated with moisturizers, and different electrical measuring methods were compared regarding their quality in the assessment of the induced changes in the stratum corneum hydration level. Low frequency susceptance measurements were found preferable to high frequency admittance measurements, and the advantages of monopolar measurements with the three-electrode system are described.
Interactions Between Endothelial Cells and Effector Cells in Allergic Inflammation (1996)

The local inflammatory response that occurs after repeated exposure to allergens or during the late-phase reaction results from a complex network of interactions between inflammatory cells (mast cells, eosinophils, macrophages) and resident cells belonging to the lung structure itself like EC, fibroblasts, or bronchial epithelial cells. Among structural cells, EC represent critical elements: they control leukocyte traffic through the expression of adhesion molecules; they are also able to amplify leukocyte activation through the production of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1, IL-6, or of chemokines like IL-8. Three cell models have been successively considered. When supernatants of alveolar macrophages, recovered from patients exhibiting a late asthmatic response after allergen exposure, were tested on HUVEC cultures, a TNF alpha-dependent ICAM-1 and E-selectin overexpression was observed. Among mast-cell mediators, histamine was already known to induce a rapid and transient expression of P-selectin; we demonstrated that histamine also induced an IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by HUVEC, which was concentration-dependent and inhibited by H1 or H2 receptor antagonists. Finally purified eosinophils obtained from donors with hypereosinophilia similarly increased adhesion molecule expression and chemokine production. The precise nature of the eosinophil product(s) involved in this process is currently under investigation.
Greffage par polymérisation radicalaire par transfert d’atome d’une écorce hydrophile à la surface de particules de latex fonctionalisées (2012)

Le sujet de cette thèse consiste à incorporer une couronne de polymère hydrophile à la surface de particules de latex par amorçage et croissance en utilisant la polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par transfert d’atome induite par les métaux. Les particules de latex, obtenues par, polymérisation radicalaire en émulsion ont été fonctionnalisées avec un « inimère », monomère comportant une fonction halogénée capable de jouer le rôle d’amorceur dans l’étape de greffage. Cette étape de greffage a ensuite été effectuée en présence de CuBr2, PMDETA et d’un métal à valence zéro tel que le cuivre, àtempérature ambiante à partir de latex non post-purifiés (présence de tensio-actif et d’amorceur résiduels et à taux de solide élevés). Au cours du processus, l(incorporation de l’inimère et de la couronne hydrophile a été vérifée par ToF-SIMS (time-of-light secondary ion mass spectrometry), par FTIR et par l’étude des propriétés colloïdales des latex greffés.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells (LSCs) and Leukemia Progenitor Cells (LPCs) Display Overlapping and Unique Mechanisms of Genomic Instability: The Role of PI3k-AKT and PI3k-Rac2-PAK Pathways (2014)

Abstract BCR-ABL1 fusion tyrosine kinase transforms hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and cause chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP), which is a stem cell (leukemia stem cell=LSC) -derived but a progenitor (leukemia progenitor cell=LPC)-driven disease. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib and ponatinib revolutionized the treatment of CML. We showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may increase the levels oxidative DNA damage in TKI-naïve and TKI-treated Lin-CD34+CD38- LSCs, including quiescent LSCs, and in Lin-CD34+CD38+ LPCs. Since DNA repair mechanisms display reduced fidelity/activity in CML cells, overproduction of ROS may promote genomic instability (accumulation of point mutations and chromosomal aberrations) resulting in resistance to TKIs and malignant progression of the disease to accelerated (CML-AP) or blast (CML-BP) phase. BCR-ABL1 kinase stimulates numerous signaling pathways to induce and maintain transformation of hematopoietic cells. We and others found that phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3k) plays an essential role not only in growth factor independent proliferation and protection from apoptosis of CML cells, but also in overproduction of mitochondrial ROS. Here we investigated the role of PI3k downstream effectors, AKT serine/threonine kinase and Rac GTPase in genomic instability in TKI-naïve and TKI-treated LSCs and LPCs. Using CML-CP primary cells and an inducible model of murine CML-CP –like disease we determined that Rac2 – PAK serine/threonine pathway alters mitochondrial membrane potential and electron flow through the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III thereby generating high levels of ROS in TKI-naïve and TKI-treated LSCs and LPCs. In addition, AKT appeared to play an essential role in generation of ROS-induced oxidative DNA damage in TKI-naïve and TKI-treated LPCs, but not in LSCs. Inhibition of AKT did not affect the activity of Rac2 and inhibition of Rac2 did not affect AKT, clearly indicating that their activation status does not depend on each other. Targeting Rac2 and AKT either by mutations/deletions/shRNAs or small molecule inhibitors/peptides reduced genomic instability resulting in diminished frequency of TKI-resistant BCR-ABL1 kinase mutations and chromosomal aberrations. Altogether TKI-naive and TKI-treated LSCs (including quiescent LSCs) display only PI3k-Rac2-PAK pathway, whereas LPCs contain PI3k-Rac2-PAK and PI3k-AKT pathways responsibble for ROS-induced oxidative DNA damage and genomic instability. Our findings may have more broad application because other oncogenic tyrosine kinases expressed in hetatopoietic malignancies induce similar mechanisms of genomic instability. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Polymer Structural Variation Towards Enhancing KrF Resist Lithographic Properties. (1998)

Lithographic properties of a variety of acetal-derivatized hydroxy styrene based polymers are reported. The structural modifications in the polymers involve varying the size of the pendent acetal moiety. utilizing a novel transacetalization synthetic procedure. The lithographic performance of the resists containing "bulky" acetal-derivatized polymers was found to be superior to those containing non-bulky acetal functionalized polymers. In the cases where the acidolysis products of the bulky acetal-based polymers are non-volatile alcohols, the post-exposure volatilization, film shrinkage and plasma etch resistance were found to be significantly improved.
Modeling complex vapor-transport systems using Monte-Carlo techniques: Radioactive ion beam applications (2005)

A Monte-Carlo code has been developed that can be used to optimally design vapor transport systems for isotope-separator-on-line-based radioactive ion beam facilities in lieu of costly iterative trial and error design methods. The code provides a powerful means for delineating diffusion-release and effusive-flow (molecular-flow) processes, in combination, the delay times of which are principal intensity limiters of short-lived radioactive species at such facilities. The code provides time dependent particle evacuation, average distance traveled per particle, and particle/wall interaction information during particle transit through a given vapor-transport system under molecular-flow conditions, independent of the chemistry between particles of interest and the materials of which the transport system are constructed. In addition, the code provides powerful graphical insight via particle trajectories that serve as strong assets in arriving at a final design by identifying regions within the transport system where hold-up times are problematical. In this article, we compare simulation and experimental measurement results for transport of noble gases through selected vapor-transport systems using both cosine and isotropic particle re-emission distributions about the normal to the surface following adsorption (isotropic re-emission distributions are found to be in close agreement with experimental measurements) and describe a concept vapor-transport system that reduces transport times over those of conventional systems by &amp;gt;two orders of magnitude.
P5.8 - Light-stimulated hydrogel actuators with incorporated graphene oxide for microfluidic applications (2015)

Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, which are able to convert light energy into heat, were incorporated into temperature-sensitive Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (P-NIPAAm) hydrogels. In contrast to pure P-NIPAAm hydrogels, the new polymers with GO showed significant sensitivity towards light as a stimulus. The photothermal conversion and heating process of hydrogels under illumination were investigated by IRthermography. Furthermore, first experiments for a possible application as light-driven microvalves within lab-on-chip systems were performed.
Evaluation of Enamel Topography after Debonding Orthodontic Ceramic Brackets by Different Er,Cr:YSGG and Er:YAG Lasers Settings (2020)

In the last decade, the success of lasers in simplifying many dental procedures has heightened the need for research in the orthodontic field, in order to evaluate the benefits of laser-assisted ceramic brackets debonding. Conventional ceramic brackets removal delivers a high shear bond strength (SBS), which might lead to enamel damage. Nowadays, debonding ceramic brackets by Er:YAG laser seems a viable alternative technique; however, there is no data on the use of Er,Cr:YSGG in the literature. We aimed to evaluate the difference in enamel topography derived from different erbium laser settings used during debonding. One hundred and eighty bovine incisors teeth were randomly divided into fifteen experimental groups, according to different erbium laser settings using scanning methods. SBS testing was performed after debonding; stereomicroscopic and SEM analyses were done after cleaning the remaining adhesive so as to assess the incidence of enamel microcracks formation and enamel loss. There were no statistically significant differences between the proportions of teeth with normal enamel topography within the control group when compared with any of the Er:YAG groups. However, the proportion of teeth with a normal enamel topography in Er,Cr:YSGG was 4 W/20 Hz (83.3%) and in Er:YAG was 5 W/20 Hz (91.7%), which was statistically significantly higher than the control group (41.7%). The selection of erbium lasers' optimal parameters during debonding influences the enamel topography. When considering the evaluation of both microscopic and statistical analyses, irradiation by Er:YAG (120 mJ/40 Hz) displayed a significant reduction in microcracks compared with conventional debonding, even though some microstructural changes in the enamel could be noted. Er,Cr:YSGG (4 W/20 Hz) respected the enamel topography the most out of the studied groups.
A Computational Study of Pressure Effects on Pollutants Generation in Gas Turbine Combustors (1995)

A numerical study of the effect of pressure on the formation of NOx and soot in an axisymmetric 30° counter rotating axial swirler lean low NOx gas turbine combustor has been conducted. This has previously been studied experimentally and this CFD investigation was undertaken to explain the higher than expected NOx emissions. The combustion conditions selected for the present study were 300 deg K inlet air, 0.4 overall equivalence ratio, and pressures of 1 and 10 bar. The numerical model used here involved the solution of time-averaged governing equations using an elliptic flow-field solver. The turbulence was modelled using algebraic stress modelling (ASM), The Thermo-chemical model was based on the laminar flamelet formulation. The conserved scalar/assumed pdf approach was used to model the turbulence chemistry interaction. The study was for two pressure cases at 1 and 10 bar. The turbulence-chemistry interaction is closed by assumption of a Clipped Gaussian function form for the fluctuations in the mixture fraction. The kinetic calculations were done separately from the flowfield solver using an opposed laminar diffusion flame code of SANDIA. The temperature and species profiles were made available to the computations through look-up tables. The pollutants studied in this work were soot and NO for which three more additional transport equations are required namely; averaged soot mass fraction, averaged soot particle number density, and finally averaged NO mass fraction. Soot oxidation was modelled using molecular oxygen only and a strong influence of pressure was predicted. Pressure was shown to have a major effect on soot formation.
Nitric oxide produced in the lungs of mice immunized with the radiation‐attenuated schistosome vaccine is not the major agent causing challenge parasite elimination (1998)

Mice vaccinated with radiation-attenuated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni exhibit high levels of protection against a challenge with normal larvae. The immune effector mechanism, which operates against schistosomula in the lungs, requires CD4+ T cells capable of producing interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). This cytokine can stimulate production of nitric oxide (NO), via its ability to up-regulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We have therefore evaluated the potential role of NO in the effector mechanism operating in vaccinated mice. Evidence for the production of NO in the lungs of such animals was obtained from assays on antigen-stimulated airway cell cultures. Enhanced levels of NO, compared with those in cultures from control mice, were detected both after vaccination and after challenge; elevated levels of iNOS mRNA were also present in whole lung after challenge. However, administration of an iNOS inhibitor to vaccinated mice after percutaneous challenge did not significantly increase the worm burden. Furthermore, when mice with a disrupted iNOS gene were vaccinated they showed a highly significant level of protection. Although NO from activated macrophages can mediate cytotoxic killing of newly transformed schistosomula in vitro, we have demonstrated that the addition of erythrocytes to these larvicidal assays abolishes its effects. We interpret this to mean that once migrating schistosomula enter the bloodstream they will be protected against the cytotoxic actions of NO. Our data thus provide little evidence to implicate NO as a major component of the pulmonary effector response to S. mansoni in vaccinated mice.
Isothermal Magnetic Advection: Creating functional fluid flows for heat and mass transfer (2010)

Natural convection has been of interest for over a century due to its rich nonlinear dynamics and applications to heat transfer. However, convection occurs only when both gravity and a destabilizing thermal gradient exist. We have discovered a unique class of vigorous, emergent fluid flows that have the full functionality of natural convection but can be stimulated regardless of gravity or thermal gradients, simply by subjecting a platelet suspension to certain time-dependent biaxial magnetic fields of modest strength. This enigmatic phenomenon may facilitate cooling in microgravity environments and in other circumstances where convection fails.
Coronary artery disease, lipid disorders and genetic polymorphisms. (1988)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most industrialized countries, accounting for one out of every two deaths in the United States. Disorders of the lipid transport system resulting from complex interactions among nutritional, environmental and genetic factors, play a very important role in the development of this disease. It has been proposed that low density lipoproteins (LDL) cause cholesterol deposition in the arterial wall, whereas high density lipoproteins (HDL) promote efflux of cholesterol from this site. Thus, low levels of HDL and/or high levels of LDL, have been associated with increased risk of CAD. Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) is the major protein component of HDL, and it has been proposed that the levels of this protein are a better predictor of risk of CAD than the level of cholesterol in HDL. The human Apo A-I gene has been characterized, and it has been found to be adjacent to the genes for apolipoproteins C-lll and A-lV on the long arm of chromosome 11. The cloning of these genes provides the appropriate tools to apply molecular genetic techniques to find differences between individuals at the gene level (restriction fragment length polymorphisms, RFLP) and to identify specific alleles at this particular gene locus which may be associated with a clinical phenotype, more specifically, premature CAD and familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia. In a preliminary study we have identified a Pst I restriction-endonuclease site flanking the human apolipoprotein A-I gene at its 3' end that is polymorphic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Improved sensitivity to fluorescence for cancer detection in wide-field image-guided neurosurgery (2015)

In glioma surgery, Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence may identify residual tumor that could be resected while minimizing damage to normal brain. We demonstrate that improved sensitivity for wide-field spectroscopic fluorescence imaging is achieved with minimal disruption to the neurosurgical workflow using an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) relative to a state-of-the-art CMOS system. In phantom experiments the EMCCD system can detect at least two orders-of-magnitude lower PpIX. Ex vivo tissue imaging on a rat glioma model demonstrates improved fluorescence contrast compared with neurosurgical fluorescence microscope technology, and the fluorescence detection is confirmed with measurements from a clinically-validated spectroscopic probe. Greater PpIX sensitivity in wide-field fluorescence imaging may improve the residual tumor detection during surgery with consequent impact on survival.
Applied Robotics (1999)

From the Publisher:
A hands-on introduction to the field of robotics, this book will guide the hobbyist through the issues and challenges of building a working robot. Each chapter builds upon the previous one, extending a core robot project throughout the book. Examples of chapters include: Mechanical Platforms, Power Supplies, Adding Sense, Microcontrollers, Insect Robots, Pneumatics, More Behavior and Intelligence, Programming Projects, Robot Behaviors, and much more.
Cheminformatics-Driven Discovery of Selective, Nanomolar Inhibitors for Staphylococcal Pyruvate Kinase (2011)

We have recently mapped the protein interaction network of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which revealed its scale-free organization with characteristic presence of highly connected hub proteins that are critical for bacterial survival. Here we report the discovery of inhibitors that are highly potent against one such hub target, staphylococcal pyruvate kinase (PK). Importantly, the developed compounds demonstrate complete selectivity for the bacterial enzyme compared to all human orthologues. The lead 91nM inhibitor IS-130 has been identified through ligand-based cheminformatic exploration of a chemical space around micromolar hits initially generated by experimental screening. The following crystallographic study resulted in identification of a tetrameric MRSA PK structure where IS-130 is bound to the interface between the protein's subunits. This newly described binding pocket is not present in otherwise highly similar human orthologues and can be effectively utilized for selective inhibition of bacterial PK. The following synthetic modifications of IS-130, guided by structure-based molecular modeling, resulted in the development of MRSA PK inhibitors with much improved antimicrobial properties. Considering a notable lack of recent reports on novel antibacterial targets and cognate antibacterial compounds, this study provides a valuable perspective on the development of a new generation of antimicrobials. Equally noteworthy, the results of the current work highlight the importance of rigorous cheminformatics-based exploration of the results of high-throughput experiments.
Factory-level supervision based on real-time cellular object architectures (2002)

An architecture for the supervisory control of flexible production processes at the factory level is introduced. The architecture is based on the idea of concurrent synchronous cellular logic and its extensions in the form of multi-level hierarchical structures. Active cellular objects are used to provide real-time behavioral templates which can be instantiated at any time by translating the formal process specifications given in the form of a colored Petri net. The resulting architecture exhibits high-performance characteristics through its parallel organization and very high flexibility through its modular template-like structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>