gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence-Aided Endoscopy and Colorectal Cancer Screening (2023)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with the highest incidence reported in high-income countries. However, because of the slow progression of neoplastic precursors, along with the opportunity for their endoscopic detection and resection, a well-designed endoscopic screening program is expected to strongly decrease colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. In this regard, quality of colonoscopy has been clearly related with the risk of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer. Recently, the development of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the medical field has been growing in interest. Through machine learning processes, and, more recently, deep learning, if a very high numbers of learning samples are available, AI systems may automatically extract specific features from endoscopic images/videos without human intervention, helping the endoscopists in different aspects of their daily practice. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on AI-aided endoscopy, and to outline its potential role in colorectal cancer prevention.
Evaluation and Management of Patients with Leg Swelling: Therapeutic Options for Venous Disease and Lymphedema (2021)

Lower extremity swelling is a common condition which has a variety of etiologies and can be challenging to diagnose and manage. Swelling is usually the result of the accumulation of interstitial fluid in the subcutaneous tissues. Common etiologies include systemic, superficial, and deep venous, and lymphatic disorders. Leg swelling can occur bilaterally or unilaterally, with venous disorders being one of the most common causes of unilateral lower extremity edema.
Description of Guanarito Virus (Arenaviridae: Arenavirus), the Etiologic Agent of Venezuelan Hemorrhagic Fever (1994)

This paper characterizes Guanarito virus, the etiologic agent of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever. Based on its morphology and antigenic properties, Guanarito virus appears to be a new member of the Tacaribe complex of the genus Arenavirus, family Arenaviridae. Complement fixation and indirect fluorescent antibody tests showed that Guanarito virus and its antiserum are broadly cross-reactive with other members of the Tacaribe complex, but it can be differentiated from other members of the complex by neutralization test. Guanarito virus causes mortality in suckling mice and adult guinea pigs, but not in adult mice. Inoculated rhesus monkeys developed viremia and became ill; however, they subsequently recovered and responded with production of antibody. To date, all isolates of Guanarito virus have come from sick persons or wild rodents living within a single geographic focus in the central plains of Venezuela.
Eine Zwischenanalyse der Phase-III-Langzeit-Extension-Studie mit Riociguat bei CTEPH (CHEST-2) (2014)

In der CHEST-1-Studie wurde Riociguat, ein neuartiger sGC-Stimulator, von Patienten mit chronisch thromboembolischer pulmonaler Hypertonie (CTEPH) gut vertragen und führte im Vergleich zu Plazebo zu einer signifikanten Besserung der 6-Minuten-Gehstrecke (6MWD) und der Funktionsklasse (FC) gemäß WHO.
<title>Maximizing the resonant displacement of piezoelectric beams</title> (1999)

The paper presents a linear, lumped-parameter, one-degree- of-freedom model that describes the first mode dynamic response of a piezoelectrically-actuated cantilevered beam. The original system consists of two identical, symmetrically disposed piezoelectric patch actuators bonded to a uniform beam with a tip mass. Specifically, the first mode of the system is described by an equivalent mass-spring-damper system where the equivalent mass, stiffness, damping, and force are functions of the parameters defining the piezoelectrically-actuated system. Experimental data is used to verify model damping and displacement. The model is then utilized to demonstrate that the dynamic response of the system depends upon four independent non-dimensional geometric variables. Numerical simulations are performed to graphically demonstrate this dependence and to indicate an optimal configuration for achieving a maximum deflection at the beam's free end during resonant excitation.
Augmentation of baroreflex-mediated bradycardia in conscious pregnant rats (1992)

The goal of the present study was to examine baroreflex control of heart rate during pregnancy in chronically instrumented unrestrained rats. The same rats (n = 6) were studied before conception, again on gestational days 5, 12, and 19, and last on postpartum day 6; thus each rat served as its own control. Time control experiments were also conducted in a separate group of virgin rats (n = 7). Resting mean arterial pressure decreased by 10 mmHg on gestational day 19 (P less than 0.01 vs. prepregnant), and heart rate significantly increased by approximately 10% relative to time control rats. Dose-response curves were constructed for methoxamine and sodium nitroprusside comparing the various dosages with systemic pressor and depressor responses, respectively. The dose-response relationship for methoxamine was shifted to the right in gravid rats of 19 gestational days (P less than 0.03 vs. prepregnant), indicating an attenuation of alpha-adrenergic receptor-mediated pressor responsiveness. In contrast, depressor responses to sodium nitroprusside were not significantly altered in pregnancy. Baroreflex-mediated bradycardia was unchanged until gestational day 19, when enhanced bradycardia responses to methoxamine were observed. Baroreflex-mediated tachycardic responses elicited by sodium nitroprusside were not affected at any stage of pregnancy. Baroreflex control of heart rate did not change significantly with either increases or decreases of blood pressure in time control experiments. We conclude that during late pregnancy in conscious rats 1) resting blood pressure decreases and heart rate increases, 2) systemic pressor responses to methoxamine are diminished, and 3) baroreflex-mediated bradycardia is enhanced.
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSATION OF α,Γ‐DIKETO (OR KETOSUCCINIC) ESTERS WITH GLYOXYLIC ACID (1984)

Abstract Die Reaktion der Hydroxyester (I) mit dem Glyoxylal.
Challenges Facing 3-D Audio Display Design for Multimedia (1998)

The challenges facing successful multimedia presentation depend largely on the expectations of the designer and end user for a given application. Perceptual limitations in distance, elevation and azimuth sound source simulation differ significantly between headphone and cross-talk cancellation loudspeaker listening and therefore must be considered. Simulation of an environmental context is desirable but the quality depends on processing resources and lack of interaction with the host acoustical environment. While techniques such as data reduction of head-related transfer functions have been used widely to improve simulation fidelity, another approach involves determining thresholds for environmental acoustic events. Psychoacoustic studies relevant to this approach are reviewed in consideration of multimedia applications
New Soft-Core Potential Function for Molecular Dynamics Based Alchemical Free Energy Calculations (2012)

The fields of rational drug design and protein engineering benefit from accurate free energy calculations based on molecular dynamics simulations. A thermodynamic integration scheme is often used to calculate changes in the free energy of a system by integrating the change of the system's Hamiltonian with respect to a coupling parameter. These methods exploit nonphysical pathways over thermodynamic cycles involving particle introduction and annihilation. Such alchemical transitions require the modification of the classical nonbonded potential energy terms by applying soft-core potential functions to avoid singularity points. In this work, we propose a novel formulation for a soft-core potential to be applied in nonequilibrium free energy calculations that alleviates singularities, numerical instabilities, and additional minima in the potential energy for all combinations of nonbonded interactions at all intermediate alchemical states. The method was validated by application to (a) the free energy calculations of a closed thermodynamic cycle, (b) the mutation influence on protein thermostability, (c) calculations of small ligand solvation free energies, and (d) the estimation of binding free energies of trypsin inhibitors. The results show that the novel soft-core function provides a robust and accurate general purpose solution to alchemical free energy calculations.
In vitro activity of polyphenol‐rich extract of sorghum relevant to treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (2023)

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for most dementia cases. It has become a serious international health and economic concern as there is no effective treatment. Naturally derived products, particularly polyphenols (PP), have become very popular for developing effective therapeutic strategies for AD. PP apply their neuroprotective actions through targeting various pathological hallmarks of the disease, such as Aβ and/or aggregation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Aβ aggregation is majorly implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, finding a way to attenuate Aβ‐induced toxicity could be a potential approach for disease‐modifying treatments of AD. In the current study, the effect of polyphenolic extract from different sorghum varieties was assessed against Aβ 42 ‐induced cytotoxicity. Method A cell viability assay (MTS) was utilized to assess the protective effect of the extracts on Aβ‐induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma BE (2)‐M17 cells. Following that, a thioflavin T (Th‐T) assay was performed to assess the anti‐Aβ aggregation effect of the extracts. Result The sorghum extracts significantly increased the cell viability. Of the six different tested extracts, QL33(2000 µg/ml) and B923296(1000 µg/ml) demonstrated the strongest and weakest protective effect in decreasing Aβ‐induced cell death (p &lt; 0.01), respectively. In addition, the sorghum extracts were effective at inhibiting the Aβ aggregation. Conclusion Sorghum polyphenolic extracts demonstrated a promising neuroprotective effect against Aβ‐induced cytotoxicity and therefore can be considered as a potential naturally derived agent for AD treatment. However, further studies are required to confirm the anti‐AD effects of these sorghum extracts.
Spatially Controlled Relay Beamforming: $2$-Stage Optimal Policies (2017)

The problem of enhancing Quality-of-Service (QoS) in power constrained, mobile relay beamforming networks, by optimally and dynamically controlling the motion of the relaying nodes, is considered, in a dynamic channel environment. We assume a time slotted system, where the relays update their positions before the beginning of each time slot. Modeling the wireless channel as a Gaussian spatiotemporal stochastic field, we propose a novel $2$-stage stochastic programming problem formulation for optimally specifying the positions of the relays at each time slot, such that the expected QoS of the network is maximized, based on causal Channel State Information (CSI) and under a total relay transmit power budget. This results in a schema where, at each time slot, the relays, apart from optimally beamforming to the destination, also optimally, predictively decide their positions at the next time slot, based on causally accumulated experience. Exploiting either the Method of Statistical Differentials, or the multidimensional Gauss-Hermite Quadrature Rule, the stochastic program considered is shown to be approximately equivalent to a set of simple subproblems, which are solved in a distributed fashion, one at each relay. Optimality and performance of the proposed spatially controlled system are also effectively assessed, under a rigorous technical framework; strict optimality is rigorously demonstrated via the development of a version of the Fundamental Lemma of Stochastic Control, and, performance-wise, it is shown that, quite interestingly, the optimal average network QoS exhibits an increasing trend across time slots, despite our myopic problem formulation. Numerical simulations are presented, experimentally corroborating the success of the proposed approach and the validity of our theoretical predictions.
Mortality in Trauma Patients (1990)

Data on host factors influencing mortality in trauma patients is sparse and contradictory. To develop a model for health policy decisions, we examined all trauma admissions to acute care hospitals in the state of California in the year 1986. We looked at the influence of the following host factors: age, gender, and preinjury medical conditions, on mortality stratified by injury severity. The study group (N = 199,737) had an overall mortality rate of 1.9%. Mortality increased starting at age 40 years and was independently influenced by gender, the presence of pre-existing disease, and the body region injured. In patients with minor injury, mortality rates became higher in the elderly at age 65+. However, in patients with injuries of moderate severity, mortality increased in both middle age (40-64) and elderly groups (65+). Male gender was also a risk factor, present in both the elderly and middle age groups. While the presence of both pre-existing medical disease or injury to head or abdomen was related to increased mortality in middle-aged patients at all severity levels, neither accounted for the effect of gender. Conclusion. Age and gender influence mortality in trauma patients. These effects are not explained by documented pre-existing disease or region of injury. Age and gender serve only as observable markers for subgroups of patients with impaired response to injury. Middle-aged males comprise a previously unrecognized high-risk subgroup for this impaired response.
Combined wavelet and curvelet denoising of SAR images (2004)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are corrupted by speckle noise due to random interference of electromagnetic waves. The speckle degrades the quality of the images and makes interpretations, analysis and classifications of SAR images harder. Therefore, some speckle reduction is necessary prior to the processing of SAR images. The speckle noise can be modeled as multiplicative i.i.d. Rayleigh noise. Logarithmic transformation of SAR images convert the multiplicative noise models to additive noise. In this paper, two combinations of time invariant wavelet and curvelet transforms will be used for denoising of SAR images. The first one is called the combined filtering algorithm (CFA). This method is based on a constrained optimization problem, both in the wavelet and curvelet domains. The second method is called the adaptive combined method (ACM) which uses the wavelet transform to denoise homogeneous areas and the curvelet transform to denoise areas with edges
System and method for cooling a super-conducting device (2023)

A system and method for cooling a superconductive rotor coil. The system comprises a rotatable shaft coupled to the superconductive rotor coil. The rotatable shaft may comprise an axial passageway extending through the rotatable shaft and a first passageway extending through a wall of the rotatable shaft to the axial passageway. The axial passageway and the first passageway are operable to convey a cryogenic fluid to the superconductive rotor coil through the wall of the rotatable shaft. A cryogenic transfer coupling may be provided to supply cryogenic fluid to the first passageway.
The effect of secretin on sodium ion absorption by the isolated human gallbladder (1989)

Sodium ion (Na+) transport, a principal function of the gallbladder epithelium, was studied by measuring the flux of 22Na across isolated human gallbladder mucosa maintained in a modified 'Ussing' flux chamber. Tissue was obtained from cholecystectomy specimens in symptomatic patients with cholelithiasis. Out of 26 gallbladders studied, 13 had a net Na+ flux from mucosa to serosa which indicated active Na+ absorption. The hormone secretin, when added to the serosal fluid, reversed the direction of net flux in these gallbladders and caused a secretion of Na+ from serosa to mucosa. These results suggest that secretin may be involved in the physiological regulation of fluid transport in the human gallbladder, and also suggest a possible role for this hormone in gallbladder emptying.
Adherence in children with nocturnal enuresis (2009)

Objective: The treatment of enuresis requires adherence to several guidelines often over a long period of time. The aims of this study were 1) to investigate adherence to the medical treatment regime for enuresis and its influence on therapeutic success, and 2) to gain insight into the socio-demographic, medical, familial and psychological predictors of adherence. Materials and Methods: For 41 children (6-12 years) with nocturnal enuresis, adherence to four common guidelines (drinking and voiding schedule, toilet posture and medication intake) was measured at 1, 3 and 5 months after treatment. Results and Conclusions: Mean adherence to the medical regime is about 70% according to both child and parent reports at the 24-h recall interview. Greater adherence, particularly to the drinking schedule, was associated with greater therapeutic success after 6 months. The best predictor of good adherence was a positive perception of one's physical appearance and to a lesser extent low levels of stress related to the treatment of the disorder.
Synthesis of 5′‐Substituted Fluoro‐neplanocin A Analogues: Importance of a Hydrogen Bonding Donor at 5′‐Position for the Inhibitory Activity of S‐Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Characterization of microlenses using a phase-shifting shearing interferometer (1994)

A shearing interferometer is proposed for the characterization of microlenses. The optical configuration of the test system enables the measurement of the wave aberrations, the focal length, and the deviations of the lens surface from an ideal sphere. In addition, a quantitative evaluation method is given that enables the calculation of the wave aberrations (e.g., the phase function) from the shearing interferometer data.
The impact of budesonide/formoterol on the airway transcriptome in COPD (2014)

We have recently described COPD-associated gene-expression differences in bronchial airway epithelium that define a COPD field of injury. In this study, we sought to validate our COPD gene-expression signature and identify gene-expression changes associated with inhaled budesonide/formoterol (BUD/FORM; Symbicort ® ; 160/4.5 mcg x 2 puffs bid) in COPD patients. Methods: Current and former smokers with (n=15) and without (n=13) COPD were enrolled and underwent baseline collection of bronchial epithelium via bronchoscopy. Re-sampling was performed on 10 COPD subjects after initiation of BUD/FORM therapy (median 97 days). RNA was hybridized to arrays. A linear model adjusting for age was used to identify gene expression changes associated with baseline COPD status, while changes associated with therapy were found using a paired t-test within COPD subjects. Relationships with previously published signatures were assessed using GSEA. Results: Expression levels of 496 genes were altered at baseline in COPD subjects (p&lt;0.05). Importantly, our previous 98-gene airway field of injury signature was enriched in this independent cohort (p&lt;0.001). Expression levels of 896 genes were altered following BUD/FORM therapy (p&lt;0.05). The 50 genes most repressed in COPD subjects were enriched in the group of genes increased by BUD/FORM (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Our study shows that components of the COPD-associated alterations in airway gene-expression are reversible following short-term budesonide/formoterol treatment. This suggests that the airway field of injury in COPD is dynamic with therapy, raising the possibility that molecular profiles in the relatively accessible airway epithelium may serve as markers of therapeutic efficacy.
The interactive conversation interface (ICI) (2002)

This presentation will demonstrate and discuss the design principles to create interactive programs featuring a doctor talking to you about healthcare...to a florist talking to you about flowers...to a teacher talking to you about geometry. The Interactive Conversation Interface is a more engaging way to provide services and information for nearly any major site on the Web and provide an answer to the question: "What is an interactive television show?" (And no, it isn't clicking on Jennifer Aniston sweater so your daughter can stop the program, right in the middle of a funny scene, and buy it while you sit there waiting to get back to the show). ICI is a form of interactive mass communication that can be used on any platform, whether it is a PC, wireless device, interactive television or just a regular phone. It's cool: why interact with a "page" when you can interact with a "person".
Remote Chart Speed Controller (1985)

An electronic circuit is described that permits a Varian Vista 5560 HPLC to remotely control the chart speed of a Kipp and Zonen Model BD 41 recorder.
An Ubiquitous Interspersed DNA Sequence Family in an Insect (1985)

The genome of the African migratory locust, Locusta migratoria (Class Insecta, Order Orthoptera, Family Acrididae) contains an interspersed DNA sequence family, designated the Lm1 family. This family consists of short (∼195-bp), widely dispersed, highly reiterated (∼6 × 105 copies/haploid genome) repeat units, which account for about 2% of the locust genome. Lm1 repeats contain regions that closely resemble internal promoter sequences for RNA polymerase III, and they are structurally very similar to RNA polymerase III templates. Family members are flanked by short direct repeats, and are closely linked to structural genes. These features are reminiscent of the Alu family of man and other repeat sequence families, until now documented only in higher vertebrates.
Design of an optical nanoantenna with focusing subwavelength grating couplers and metallic reflector (2016)

In the development of integrated large-scale optical phase array, compact optical nanoantennas are needed. For high resolution arrays, the nanoantenna footprint and the separation between them should be as small as possible to reduce the number of interference orders in the far field [1]. In the development of this nanoantennas in our InP membrane on Silicon (IMOS) platform [2], we use deeply etch focusing grating to reduce the size [3]. In order to increase the optical power emitting up, we add a metal reflector of Silver underneath the semiconductor with a small buffer of 50 nm of 푆푖푂2. This metal layer will also works as a thermal heater, which will change the optical properties of the semiconductor changing the direction of the upcoming light. The last element to be add is a subwavelength ridge which reduces the unwanted Fresnel reflections by reducing the refractive index contrast [3].