gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Growth Hormone Therapy in HIV-infection (2006)

The results of these studies suggested that the growth hormone might play a role in the management of visceral fat accumulation associated with HIV. Analysis of the treatment effect sizes in the published studies show that the effects of various doses of rhGH on trunk fat fit a dose-response characteristic.
Confinement-Induced Stiffening of Elastomer Thin Films (2018)

While entropy is understood to dictate the elastic mechanics of elastomers, a consensus has not been reached regarding why they stiffen when confined to thin films or even the magnitude of this effect. Here, we present a combined computational and experimental approach to measure the confinement-induced stiffening of thin elastomer films using nanoindentation. First, we use finite element computations to modify the adhesion-free contact model to include the presence of a rigid substrate and verify this correction using indentation experiments on macroscopic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films. Next, we validate this correction factor in indentation experiments where adhesion plays a major role through a series of experiments on micrometer-scale PDMS films. With this correction factor in hand, we perform an extensive series of nanoindentation experiments on submicrometer thickness films of varying cross-link density using a variety of probe radii and probe surface energies. We observe a consistent stiffening of all PDMS thin films that, interestingly, converges to a consistent elastic modulus at thicknesses ∼100 nm regardless of the cross-link density. To explain these results, we propose a surface cross-linking model where the density of crosslinks between chains increases near the surface of the film because of oxidation-induced bonds between chains. Importantly, the apparent moduli predicted by this entropic model are in good agreement with all experimental results. Collectively, these results shed new light on the nanomechanics of elastomers and provide a general method for predicting the size-dependent effective moduli of soft polymers.
Antioxidant and Antiplatelet Activities in Extracts from Green and Fully Ripe Tomato Fruits (Solanum lycopersicum) and Pomace from Industrial Tomato Processing (2013)

The consumption of fruits and vegetables is accepted to be one of the strategies to reduce risk factors for these diseases. The aim of this study was to examine potential relationships between the antioxidant and the antiplatelet activities in green mature and fully ripe (red) tomatoes and of lycopene-rich byproducts of tomato paste processing such as pomace. The total phenol content of tomato components was the highest in peels, pulp, and in the mucilaginous myxotesta covering the tomato seeds with values 36.9 ± 0.8, 33.3 ± 00.5, and 17.6 ± 0.9 mg GAE/100 g, respectively (P < 0.05). Tomato peels had the highest antioxidant activity, both, as measured by the FRAP (46.9 ± 0.9 μ mol Fe(+2)/g, P < 0.05) and the DPPH assays (97.4 ± 0.2%, 1000 μ g/mL, P < 0.05). Pomace extracts showed the highest antiplatelet activity induced by ADP, collagen, TRAP-6, and arachidonic acid. While the maturation stage of the tomato fruit affected the antioxidant effect, antiplatelet activity was independent of fruit ripeness. Finally, based on the present results, tomato and its byproducts may be considered as a valuable source of antioxidant and antiplatelet activities.
Budget Impact of Adaptive Abiraterone Therapy for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. (2021)

Practical precision medicine strategies, such as adaptive abiraterone treatment or pharmacogenomics-targeted dosing, can use known biomarkers, such as PSA, to tailor therapy, generate improved outcomes, and reduce costs without the need for novel drug and diagnostic discovery and development. The results of this study suggest that a large clinical study of adaptive abiraterone therapy is warranted to validate the potential of this strategy to extend the time to disease progression and reduce costs of treatment of metastatic CRPC.
Physiological Responses of the Youth Viewing a Japanese Garden (2018)

Previous studies have demonstrated that exposure to a Japanese garden is a non-pharmacological measure to improve the behavioral symptoms of elderly people with dementia, and that Japanese gardens are significantly more effective than other environments. However, it is not clear whether Japanese gardens have similar effects in the young. To address this open question, we measured the physiological responses of university students when viewing a Japanese garden, and compared them to the same students' responses when viewing a control space. We measured three physiological indicators of autonomous nervous system (ANS) activity: the electrocardiograph (ECG), the blood volume pulse (BVP) and the galvanic skin response (GSR). Our results suggest that the Japanese garden does not have as calming an effect on younger subjects as observed previously in elderly subjects. However, students did respond more positively to the Japanese garden than to an unstructured space. Ambient temperature was found to be a critical factor affecting heart rate and heart rate variability, but not other measures.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Antitumor Activity of Sustained N-Myc Reduction in Rhabdomyosarcomas and Transcriptional Block by Antigene Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 287K&lt;/p&gt;
Functional verification with completely self-checking tests (2002)

Writing thorough testbenches to verify complex systems is becoming increasingly difficult and time-consuming. This paper analyzes existing functional verification methodologies, as well as some fundamental problems of functional verification of complex systems. This paper proposes a more powerful and efficient approach for writing fully self-checking tests, using a transaction-based verification method, and concurrent programming techniques. A generic 32/spl times/32 cell-based switch fabric system is used as an example to illustrate this methodology.
Paradigm Shift or Shifting Paradigm for Type 1 Diabetes (2012)

The age of onset of type 1A diabetes is now immunologically predictable (1). Either because of a lack of sufficient understanding of the pathogenesis of type 1A (immune-mediated) diabetes or a lack of effective therapeutics directed at relevant pathogenic pathways (or both), we cannot yet prevent this disease (2). The article by Liu et al. (3) in this issue of Diabetes addresses both issues in a rat model of autoimmune diabetes (Lew.1WR1). In this genetically susceptible model, multiple viral infections or a viral RNA chemical mimic (poly-IC) activate the innate immune system leading to insulitis and β-cell destruction (4). The viruses do not appear to target islets; rather, they act by inducing inflammation such that anti-inflammatory therapy (e.g., prednisone) at the time of infection prevents diabetes (5). This model was discovered when the Kilham rat virus spontaneously infected a colony of “normal” rats with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and dominant diabetes susceptibility loci on chromosome 4 ( Iddm 14 ) (6). The iddm14 locus encompasses the family of T-cell receptor Vβ segment genes, and in particular, a specific Vβ13 haplotype is associated with diabetes susceptibility (7). Specific T cells can be targeted by monoclonals to their Vβ sequences to prevent disease.

Liu et al. analyzed the percentage and sequences of T cells with Vβ13 in islets of the rat model described above and tested whether a monoclonal antibody to Vβ13 could prevent diabetes. T cells …
SURVEY AND SUMMARY RNA circularization strategies in vivo and in vitro (2014)

In the plenitude of naturally occurring RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) and their biological role were un-derestimated for years. However, circRNAs are ubiq-uitous in all domains of life, including eukaryotes, archaea, bacteria and viruses, where they can ful-fill diverse biological functions. Some of those func-tions, as for example playing a role in the life cy-cle of viral and viroid genomes or in the maturation of tRNA genes, have been elucidated; other putative functions still remain elusive. Due to the resistance to exonucleases, circRNAs are promising tools for in vivo application as aptamers, trans-cleaving ri-bozymes or siRNAs. How are circRNAs generated in vivo and what approaches do exist to produce ring-shaped RNAs in vitro? In this review we illustrate the occurrence and mechanisms of RNA circularization in vivo, survey methods for the generation of circRNA in vitro and provide appropriate protocols.
Sensitivity of Thermophilic Campylobacters to R-type Pyocines of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (1982)

Strains of thermophilic campylobacters of human origin were examined for bacteriocine activity and for susceptibility to R-type pyocines of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. None of 50 strains inhibited the growth of any other strain, but 13 of 80 strains (16%) were sensitive to R-type pyocines. Absorption of one of the partially purified pyocine preparations with a sensitive strain resulted in the removal of pyocine activity and a decrease in viable count of the organism by 85%.
Sooting of Single Droplets Combustion in DC Electric Fields under Microgravity (2004)

Sooting of single droplets combustion in direct current (DC) electric fields was investigated experimentally using microgravity conditions. The ambient gas was air at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, and toluene was used as a fuel. The distance between electrodes is 50 mm and applied electric voltages ranged between 0 and 6 kV. Soot concentration and flame luminosity, which corresponds to soot radiation, were measured. Soot concentration was estimated using full-field extinction technique. As the applied voltage increased, the amount of soot decreased and the luminosity increased. Considering the distribution of soot concentration and luminosity, we guess changes in soot concentration and luminosity were caused by the movement of soot and its precursor and ionic wind. When applied voltage is less than 2 kV the decrease in the amount of soot was outstanding, which can affect the burning rate constant.
Blockade of Treg derived TGF-β abrogates suppression of effector T cell function within the tumor microenvironment (2013)

Meeting abstracts Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a role in suppression of anti-melanoma immunity; however, the exact mechanism is poorly understood. Through intravital two photon microscopy, we found that Pmel-1 effectors engage in cell-cell interactions with tumor resident Tregs. To determine if
Blockchain for 5G: A Prelude to Future Telecommunication (2020)

5G and Blockchain are potentially revolutionizing future technologies. 5G promises high rates and QoS to the users and blockchain guarantees a high level of trust and security among the peers. Applications that would be using 5G have varying needs in terms of speed, bandwidth, latency and various other factors. Augmented reality, self-driving vehicles and other ioT applications tend to use 5G for reliable and fast communication. To work seamlessly and securely in such scenarios a more specialized and efficient approach would be required. in this article, we have identified the specific areas where blockchain could be utilized to enhance the security and privacy of the 5G services offered to the users. The current challenges faced in deployment and upliftment of 5G and their related solutions based on blockchain are discussed. A model for Multi-Operator Network Slicing in 5G using blockchain is also presented along with 5G blockchain implementation.
A secure and efficient solution to the IPv6 address ownership problem (2003)

This paper addresses the IPv6 address ownership problem. Currently, an IPv6 host communicating with another node cannot prove ownership of the claimed IP address, and that it is authorized to use such address. Although this issue has been present for long time, it has only become well known and little effort has been applied to this field. In particular, the problem of IPv6 address ownership has been identified during the development of the latest version of the mobile IPv6 protocol. Even though the IETF Mobile IP working group pointed out the problem and the threats are obvious in the mobile IP environment, the IPv6 address ownership problem is not restricted to mobile networks but affects IPv6 communications in general and is an important security problem that needs to be properly addressed. This paper describes the IPv6 address ownership problem and analyzes the current existing solutions. An alternative solution for the IPv6 address ownership problem is presented in this paper and compared to existing solutions.
Passive landing gear using coupled mechanical design (2013)

The ability of UAV's (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) to land on unknown and uneven terrain is an important area of research, particularly for applications such as field surveillance. This paper presents a novel solution to this problem using mechanical design, with a legged landing gear design that provides both suspension and stability on uneven terrain. The key features of this design are differential loading across legs as well as a conditional locking mechanism that resists post-landing disturbances. Results from a prototype design show robust stability when landing on uneven surfaces inclined up to 20 degrees, with analysis of an optimally damped suspension profile (for an approximated mass spring damper system with constant damping).
Supplementary Data Figures S1-S5 from Chemical, Molecular, and Single-nucleus Analysis Reveal Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan Aberrancy in Fibrolamellar Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;All supplemental figures with legends.&lt;/p&gt;
Robust Collaborative Discriminative Learning for RGB-Infrared Tracking (2018)

Tracking target of interests is an important step for motion perception in intelligent video surveillance systems. While most recently developed tracking algorithms are grounded in RGB image sequences, it should be noted that information from RGB modality is not always reliable (e.g. in a dark environment with poor lighting condition), which urges the need to integrate information from infrared modality for effective tracking because of the insensitivity to illumination condition of infrared thermal camera. However, several issues encountered during the tracking process limit the fusing performance of these heterogeneous modalities: 1) the cross-modality discrepancy of visual and motion characteristics, 2) the uncertainty of degree of reliability in different modalities, and 3) large target appearance variations and background distractions within each modality. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel and optimal discriminative learning framework for multi-modality tracking. In particular, the proposed discriminative learning framework is able to: 1) jointly eliminate outlier samples caused by large variations and learn discriminability-consistent features from heterogeneous modalities, and 2) collaboratively perform modality reliability measurement and target-background separation. Extensive experiments on RGB-infrared image sequences demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Implantation of a New Accommodative Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens (2002)

The new PCIOL appears to be safe at short to medium term. Our results indicate pseudophakic accommodation secondary to focus shift with this PCIOL. Additional larger and long-term studies are necessary for exact evaluation of safety and accommodative power of this new PCIOL.
Identifying new lignin bioengineering targets: 1. Monolignol-substitute impacts on lignin formation and cell wall fermentability (2010)

Overall, monolignol substitutes improved the inherent degradability of non-pretreated cell walls by restricting lignification or possibly by reducing lignin hydrophobicity or cross-linking to structural polysaccharides. Furthermore some monolignol substitutes, chiefly readily cleaved bi-phenolic conjugates like epigallocatechin gallate or diferuloyl polyol esters, are expected to greatly boost the enzymatic degradability of cell walls following chemical pretreatment. In ongoing work, we are characterizing the enzymatic saccharification of intact and chemically pretreated cell walls lignified by these and other monolignol substitutes to identify promising genetic engineering targets for improving plant fiber utilization.
TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING THE INFECTION OF PLANTS BY VESICULAR‐ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI UNDER AXENIC CONDITIONS (1981)

SUMMARY Methods of growing axenic seedlings infected by vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are described, using agar, paper or glass as a support. Two of the techniques are particularly suitable for studying the interaction between the fungus and the host plant, for example the germination of the spore inoculum, hyphal growth around the roots before the symbiosis has been initiated and the early stages of root penetration.
LISA Framework for Enhancing Gravitational Wave Signal Extraction Techniques (2006)

This paper describes the development of a Framework for benchmarking and comparing signal‐extraction and noise‐interference‐removal methods that are applicable to interferometric Gravitational Wave detector systems. The primary use is towards comparing signal and noise extraction techniques at LISA frequencies from multiple (possibly confused) gravitational wave sources. The Framework includes extensive hybrid learning/classification algorithms, as well as post‐processing regularization methods, and is based on a unique plug‐and‐play (component) architecture. Published methods for signal extraction and interference removal at LISA frequencies are being encoded, as well as multiple source noise models, so that the stiffness of GW Sensitivity Space can be explored under each combination of methods. Furthermore, synthetic datasets and source models can be created and imported into the Framework, and specific degraded numerical experiments can be run to test the flexibility of the analysis methods. The Framework also supports use of full current LISA Testbeds, Synthetic data systems, and Simulators already in existence through plug‐ins and wrappers, thus preserving those legacy codes and systems in tact.
Influence of Drought Stress on Several Root Traits and their Correlation with Seed Protein and Oil Contents in Soybean (2016)

The important crop soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is cultivated worldwide and the US is its number one exporter. However, farmers face many challenges in cultivating soybeans, including drought and diseases that reduce yields drastically. The root system is very important for plants, including crops, because it receives water and minerals from the soil so that the plant/crop can photosynthesize, grow, and increase its yield. The objective of this study was to grow the ‘MD 96-5722’ by ‘Spencer’ recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (n=86) in the greenhouse under normal (Group I) and drought stress (Group II) conditions, and compare the root length (RL), root surface area (RSA), average root diameter (ARD), and average root volume (ARV) in the two groups of plants. WhinRhizo software was used to measure the root traits and SPSSTM was used to evaluate population performance under normal and drought conditions. JMPTM was used to compare the root traits under normal and drought conditions, and to analyze the correlation between root traits, protein and oil contents. The results showed that there is a huge variation in these traits among the parents ‘MD 96-5722’ and ‘Spencer’, and among their RILs. For Group I plants, the RL of parents and RILs ranged from 20.67 cm to 2,327.88 cm; the RSA ranged from 4.57 cm2 to 1,176.79 cm2; the ARD ranged from 0.38 mm to 4.04 mm; and the ARV ranged from 0.08 cm3 to 47.34 cm3. For Group II plants, the RL of parents and RILs ranged from 15.70 cm to 3,562.42 cm; the RSA ranged from 4.15 cm2 to 829.72 cm2; the ARD ranged from 0.24 mm to 5.74 mm; and the ARV ranged from 0.03 cm3 to 23.67 cm3. It is clear from the results that Group I plants have higher means of RL [572.58 cm vs. 537.33 cm], RSA [201.20 cm2 vs. 165.50 cm2], ARD [3.96 mm vs. 1.45 mm], and ARV [6.31 cm3 vs. 5.61 cm3] compared to Group II plants which demonstrates that drought-stressed plants have reduced overall plant growth and development. However, statistically, these differences were not significant; therefore, further studies with several replicates should be conducted both in the greenhouse and the field in order to determine the effects of drought stress on the ‘MD 96-5722’ by ‘Spencer’ RILs. Moreover, studies of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of the root traits studied here are underway to genetically map QTL for these root traits in this soybean RIL population.
Modulation of Innate Immune Responses via Covalently Linked TLR Agonists (2015)

We present the synthesis of novel adjuvants for vaccine development using multivalent scaffolds and bioconjugation chemistry to spatially manipulate Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. TLRs are primary receptors for activation of the innate immune system during vaccination. Vaccines that contain a combination of small and macromolecule TLR agonists elicit more directed immune responses and prolong responses against foreign pathogens. In addition, immune activation is enhanced upon stimulation of two distinct TLRs. Here, we synthesized combinations of TLR agonists as spatially defined tri- and di-agonists to understand how specific TLR agonist combinations contribute to the overall immune response. We covalently conjugated three TLR agonists (TLR4, 7, and 9) to a small molecule core to probe the spatial arrangement of the agonists. Treating immune cells with the linked agonists increased activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and enhanced and directed immune related cytokine production and gene expression beyond cells treated with an unconjugated mixture of the same three agonists. The use of TLR signaling inhibitors and knockout studies confirmed that the tri-agonist molecule activated multiple signaling pathways leading to the observed higher activity. To validate that the TLR4, 7, and 9 agonist combination would activate the immune response to a greater extent, we performed <i>in vivo</i> studies using a vaccinia vaccination model. Mice vaccinated with the linked TLR agonists showed an increase in antibody depth and breadth compared to mice vaccinated with the unconjugated mixture. These studies demonstrate how activation of multiple TLRs through chemically and spatially defined organization assists in guiding immune responses, providing the potential to use chemical tools to design and develop more effective vaccines.
Security Methods Against Potential Physical Attacks on Smartphones (2019)

The rapid growth in communications development has made devices intelligent, efficient and convenient to accomplish many of our daily tasks, where they became an integral part of our lives. On the other hand, this growth has led to an expansion in the percentage of security risks and threats to the network devices and their data. Therefore, in this paper, we present a comprehensive study of the proposed solutions to protect smartphones from two of the physical security attacks which are commercial fraud and lost or theft. In addition, we discuss these two physical security attacks and provides several statistics related to them.