gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Skeletal Muscle Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity is not Altered in Cerebral Palsy (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) display increased energy expenditure during daily activities and reduced endurance capacity relative to typically developing (TD) children. While this altered efficiency has been attributed to inefficient movement patterns and cardiorespiratory factors, recent evidence reveals transcriptional changes in genes related to skeletal muscle metabolism and mitochondrial function. However, no direct measurements of oxidative potential have been performed in muscle of children with CP. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to use real-time histochemistry to compare fiber type-specific succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in children with CP and TD children. METHODS: Semitendinosus muscle was obtained from ten children (n=5/group, aged 12.2±5.1 vs. 15±0.71, CP [3 male] vs. TD [4 male]). Real time SDH activity in sectioned muscle was determined histochemically as a marker of muscle fiber oxidative capacity. In successive cross-sections type 1 and type 2A myosin heavy chain isoforms were identified by immunolabeling, and was combined with labeling of the basal lamina to determine fiber type-specific SDH activity. Ten fibers per MHC type were analyzed per subject. RESULTS: While SDH activity was ∼35% lower in type 2A compared to type 1 fibers, it was not different between CP and TD children (Type 1: 4.1±0.8 vs. 4.5±1.3 OD/min, CP vs. TD, p>0.20; Type 2A fibers: 2.7±0.4 vs. 3.0±0.5 OD/min, CP vs. TD, P>0.20). DISCUSSION: These results demonstrate that type 1- and 2A-specific SDH activity is not reduced in children with CP and that type 1 fibers have a higher activity compared to type 2A fibers. This suggests that the intrinsic oxidative capacity of muscles is not a major contributor to increased energy expenditure and reduced endurance capacity in children with CP. Further research in CP and TD skeletal muscle that focuses on the functional capacity of mitochondria and other components of the electron transport chain is needed.
Si delta-doped layers of GaAs by low pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (1993)

Si delta-doped layers of GaAs were grown by low pressure metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE). The results showed that, in LP-MOVPE, growth rate plays a crucial role in confinement of dopants and growth temperature has only a secondary effect. Effects of purge time, doping temperature, and doping period on sheet carrier concentration of delta-doped layers were studied. The effect of growth rate on confinement of dopants was discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Radioprotective Activity of 1‐(3‐Acyloxyphenyl)‐2‐ aminoethanol Derivatives. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Attention Network Forecasts Time‐to‐Failure in Laboratory Shear Experiments (2021)

Abstract Rocks under stress deform by creep mechanisms that include formation and slip on small‐scale internal cracks. Intragranular cracks and slip along grain contacts release energy as elastic waves termed acoustic emissions (AE). AEs are thought to contain predictive information that can be used for fault failure forecasting. Here, we present a method using unsupervised classification and an attention network to forecast labquakes using AE waveform features. Our data were generated in a laboratory setting using a biaxial shearing device with granular fault gouge intended to mimic the conditions of tectonic faults. Here, we analyzed the temporal evolution of AEs generated throughout several hundred laboratory earthquake cycles. We used a Conscience Self‐Organizing Map (CSOM) to perform topologically ordered vector quantization based on waveform properties. The resulting map was used to interactively cluster AEs. We examined the clusters over time to identify those with predictive ability. Finally, we used a variety of LSTM and attention‐based networks to test the predictive power of the AE clusters. By tracking cumulative waveform features over the seismic cycle, the network is able to forecast the time‐to‐failure (TTF) of lab earthquakes. Our results show that analyzing the data to isolate predictive signals and using a more sophisticated network architecture are key to robustly forecasting labquakes. In the future, this method could be applied on tectonic faults to monitor earthquakes and augment early warning systems.
Flotation Separation Using Microgas Dispersions (1979)

Microgas dispersions, agglomerations of micron-sized bubbles capable of being pumped, were studied for use in flotation operations. Methods for producing these dispersions and their use as a substitute for conventional flotation in the separation of an organic dye are described. Copyright © 1979 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.
The utility of phospholipase A2 receptor autoantibody in membranous nephropathy after kidney transplantation (2017)

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is estimated to cause end-stage renal disease in ∼ 5% of patients, in whom renal transplantation is the therapy of choice. Among patients receiving a transplant for MN, the disease will recur in the graft in 30-50%; among these, graft loss will occur in 50% within 10 years. Several studies have suggested that phospholipase A2 receptor autoantibody (aPLA2R) levels before transplantation might be useful in predicting recurrence, and their titration after transplantation is clinically relevant to assess the risk of recurrence and progression, to guide treatment indications and to monitor treatment response. In this review we describe the evolving role of aPLA2R as a biomarker in primary MN and its current usefulness in predicting recurrence of this autoimmune podocytopathy after renal transplantation.
Phylum-targeted pyrosequencing reveals diverse planctomycete populations in a eutrophic lake (2011)

AME Aquatic Microbial Ecology Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials AME 64:41-49 (2011) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01507 Phylum-targeted pyrosequencing reveals diverse planctomycete populations in a eutrophic lake Blaire Steven1,*, Scot E. Dowd4, Kayley H. Schulmeyer1, Naomi L. Ward1,2,3 1Department of Molecular Biology, Dept 3944, 1000 E. University Ave, 2Department of Botany, and 3Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA 4Research and Testing Laboratory, Lubbock, Texas 79407, USA *Email: blairesteven@gmail.com ABSTRACT: Although populations of planctomycete bacteria are nearly ubiquitous in aquatic ­habitats, we lack a detailed understanding of their diversity and structure. This is due to difficulty in obtaining cultured representatives, but also to low recovery rates for planctomycete 16S rRNA genes when universal PCR primers are employed for sequencing studies. In an attempt to expand re­coverable planctomycete diversity, we investigated the use of primers targeting the Planctomycetes ­phylum. Planctomycete populations present during an algal bloom in a eutrophic lake were characterized by clone library sequencing and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes, using planctomycete-targeted primers. We analyzed samples recovered from the sediment, water column, and algal mats within the lake's littoral zone. Sequences related to 9 planctomycete genera were identified within the 6287 planctomycete sequences and 1730 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) recovered. We observed variation in the specificity of the planctomycete primers, with more non-planctomycete sequences recovered through pyrosequencing than through cloning-based sequencing. Nevertheless, the results of our study suggest that phylum-targeted pyrosequencing is a useful tool for better describing the diversity of bacterial sub-populations. This methodology could be employed for future testing of hypotheses regarding spatial and temporal differences in planctomycete diversity and abundance. Candidate hypotheses arising from this preliminary study include (1) members of certain planctomycete genera (particularly Rhodopirellula) are enriched in algal mats relative to other planctomycete genera; (2) sediments harbor the most diverse planctomycete populations; and (3) most planctomycete OTUs are not shared between lake habitats. KEY WORDS: Planctomycetes · Freshwater lake · Algal bloom Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Steven B, Dowd SE, Schulmeyer KH, Ward NL (2011) Phylum-targeted pyrosequencing reveals diverse planctomycete populations in a eutrophic lake. Aquat Microb Ecol 64:41-49. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01507 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AME Vol. 64, No. 1. Online publication date: June 21, 2011 Print ISSN: 0948-3055; Online ISSN: 1616-1564 Copyright © 2011 Inter-Research.
Synthesis of Bicyclic γ‐Ylidenetetronates. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Final results of a phase I study of TH-302, a hypoxia-activated cytotoxic prodrug (HAP) (2009)

2573 Background: TH-302 is a 2-nitroimidazole prodrug of the DNA alkylator, bromo-isophosphoramide mustard (Br-IPM). TH-302 is essentially inactive under normoxia but in severe hypoxia and in the presence of certain reductases, it is reduced and Br-IPM is released. Methods: Eligible patients (pts) had ECOG ≤1, advanced or metastatic solid tumors, evaluable by RECIST, and acceptable hematologic, liver and renal function. A modified accelerated titration design was used. TH-302 was administered intravenously over 30–60 minutes on Day 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. CT scans were obtained after every 2 cycles. Detailed pharmacokinetic sampling was performed on Days 1 and 15. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Results: Twenty-nine pts enrolled at 3 sites at 9 dose levels from 7.5–670 mg/m 2 . Median age: 64y. 20 male/9 female. ECOG 0/1: 16/13. Primary tumor: prostate (8), colorectal (8), lung (5) other (8). Two of 5 pts at 670 mg/m 2 had DLT: Herpes simplex perianal/rectal ulcers and dehydration due to mucositis. Reversible skin and mucosal adverse events (AE) occurred in 12 of 15 (80%) pts at ≥480 mg/m 2 including grade 3 events in 3 pts. The most common TH-302-related AEs were nausea, skin lesions, vomiting and fatigue. Hematologic toxicity was mild and limited: two pts with grade 1 and one pt with grade 2 neutropenia and five pts with grade 1 thrombocytopenia. Five pts had grade 3 and one grade 4 lymphopenia. Four pts have enrolled at an intermediate dose of 575 mg/m 2 with no DLT so this is likely the MTD and is well above the predicted biologic effective dose of 100 mg/m 2 . One pt with SCLC treated at 480 mg/m 2 and one with melanoma treated at 670 mg/m 2 had unconfirmed partial responses; 12 pts had stable disease (6 continuing after 4 or more cycles), 7 had PD, 4 were unevaluable and 4 are too early to assess. Cmax and AUC for TH-302 and Br-IPM increased linearly with no accumulation at Day 15. Conclusions: Weekly TH-302 has remarkably little hematologic toxicity. Skin and mucosal AEs have developed at the higher dose levels. Skin/mucosa are known to have hypoxic regions. TH-302 is the first HAP to demonstrate tumor responses in Phase I. The MTD is likely 575 mg/m 2 . Studies in combination with chemotherapy are ongoing. [Table: see text]
Blood Compatible Carbon Nanotubes − Nano-based Neoproteoglycans (2006)

Although nanotechnology has provided a rich variety of nanomaterials (1-100 nm) for in vivo medical applications, the blood compatibility of all these nanobiomaterials is still largely unexamined. Here, we report the preparation of blood-compatible carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that potentially represent the building blocks for nanodevices having in vivo applications. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thromboelastography (TEG) studies prove that heparinization can significantly enhance the blood compatibility of nanomaterials.
Pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry monitoring of fungal-biotreated distillery wastewater usingTrametes sp. I-62 (CECT 20197) (2000)

Distillery wastewaters generated by ethanol production from fermentation of sugar-cane molasses, named vinasses, lead to important ecological impact due to their high content of soluble organic matter and their intense dark-brown color. Taking advantage of the well-known ability of white-rot fungi to degrade an extensive variety of organic pollutants, the capacity of Trametes sp. I-62 (CECT 20197) to detoxify this type of effluents was evaluated. In this work, pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was applied to the chemical characterization of several fractions of Cuban distillery wastewater as well as to monitoring the changes which occurred after fungal treatment with this white-rot basidiomycete. Maximum effluent decolorization values and chemical oxygen demand reduction attained after seven days of fungal treatment were 73.3 and 61.7%, respectively, when 20% (v/v) of distillery vinasses was added to the culture medium. Under these conditions a 35-fold increase in laccase production by Trametes sp. I-62 was measured, but no manganese peroxidase activity could be detected. The pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry results showed a decrease in a number of pyrolysis products after seven days of fungal treatment, mainly furan derivatives. The decrease in the relative areas of these compounds could be related to the vinasse color-removal associated with melanoidin degradation. All these results indicated the potential use ofTrametes sp. I-62 in the detoxification of recalcitrant distillery vinasses.
Novel multi-energy x-ray detector allows for simultaneous single-shot acquisition of digital radiography and tissue-subtracted images (2019)

Poster: ECR 2019 / C-3350 / Novel multi-energy x-ray detector allows for simultaneous single-shot acquisition of digital radiography and tissue-subtracted images by: S. Lopez Maurino 1, S. Ghanbarzadeh1, S. Ghaffari1, K. S. Karim2; 1Kitchener, ON/CA, 2Waterloo, ON/CA
A multiple sampling, single A/D conversion technique for I/Q demodulation in CMOS (1996)

We have developed a CMOS A/D converter for I/Q demodulation with an analog mirror signal suppression filter in the sampling unit. The circuit directly converts a modulated 30 MHz IF signal to digitized I and Q values in the base band with an accuracy of more than 10 b. The output data rate is 2 MHz and the power consumption is 270 mW. By placing the I/Q split mirror suppression filter on the analog side, we can get a highly integrated system solution for a coherent receiver. The circuit uses multiple sampling, that gives the input values to the filter. The sizes of the sampling capacitors determine the coefficients for the filter multiplications. The sampled charges are then added in order to get the filter additions. This total charge is then converted to digital form in a single conversion. By requiring the filter to block DC, the filter subtraction becomes a part of the active offset reduction using correlated double sampling. Careful layout and very simple circuit solutions make the design possible.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review (2015)

RAND researchers conducted a systematic review that synthesized evidence from randomized controlled trials of omega-3 fatty acids — used adjunctively or as monotherapy — to provide estimates of their efficacy and safety in treating adults with major depressive disorder.
Observation of the Dynamical Inversion of the Topological Charge of an Optical Vortex (2001)

We report what is believed to be the first detailed experimental observation of the dynamic inversion of the topological charge of an optical vortex under free-space propagation. The vortex self-transformation occurs through continuous deformation of the noncanonical strength of the corresponding screw wave front dislocation, and is mediated by the occurrence of an extremely sharp turn in a Berry vortex trajectory, which observed at a Freund critical foliation appears as an edge-line dislocation orthogonal to the propagation direction, at a crucial point of the light evolution.
Synthesis of Ester-linked Taxol-oligosaccharide Conjugate and Its Drug Delivery System Using Bio-nanocapsules and Hybrid-bio-nanocapsules (2018)

Synthesis of ester-linked oligosaccharide conjugate of taxol, i.e., 7-glycolyltaxol 2″- O-α-maltotrioside, was investigated by enzymatic procedure. The starting material, 7-glycolyltaxol 2″- O-α-D-glucoside, was glycosylated by cyclodextrin glucanotransferase to 7-glycolyltaxol 2″- O-α-maltooligosides [α-maltooligosaccharides; α-Glc-1→(4-α-Glc-1→) n-1 4-α-glucosides (n = 1–4)]. The enzymatic hydrolysis of 7-glycolyltaxol 2″- O-α-maltooligosides gave 7-glycolyltaxol 2″- O-α-maltotrioside. Both bio-nanocapsules and hybrid-bio-nanocapsules containing 7-glycolyltaxol 2″- O-α-maltotrioside exhibited high in vitro anti-tumor activities.
Hypothalamic Agouti-Related Protein Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Is Inhibited by Leptin and Stimulated by Fasting (1999)

Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is a homologue of the agouti gene product and, when overexpressed, promotes obesity. Like neuropeptide Y (NPY) messenger RNA (mRNA), AGRP mRNA is produced in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and is elevated in leptin-deficient ob/ob and leptin-resistant db/db mice. These data suggest that AGRP mRNA might be affected by leptin and nutritional status in parallel with NPY mRNA. To test this hypothesis, we examined if AGRP mRNA would be, like NPY mRNA, inhibited by leptin injections and stimulated by fasting. AGRP mRNA was elevated in ob/ob mice about 5-fold compared with wild-type controls and was significantly inhibited by leptin treatment, as assessed by Northern blot analysis. In wild-type mice, AGRP mRNA was increased at least 13-fold by a 2-day fast, as assessed both by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. In ad lib fed db/db mice, AGRP mRNA was elevated about 8-fold compared with ad lib fed wild-type controls, and was further increased by fasting in db/db mice. These data suggest that AGRP mRNA and NPY mRNA respond similarly to leptin and fasting.
Cerebellar Excitability Regulates Physical Fatigue Perception (2023)

Fatigue is the subjective sensation of weariness, increased sense of effort, or exhaustion and is pervasive in neurologic illnesses. Despite its prevalence, we have a limited understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying fatigue. The cerebellum, known for its role in motor control and learning, is also involved in perceptual processes. However, the role of the cerebellum in fatigue remains largely unexplored. We performed two experiments to examine whether cerebellar excitability is affected after a fatiguing task and its association with fatigue. Using a crossover design, we assessed cerebellar inhibition (CBI) and perception of fatigue in humans before and after "fatigue" and "control" tasks. Thirty-three participants (16 males, 17 females) performed five isometric pinch trials with their thumb and index finger at 80% maximum voluntary capacity (MVC) until failure (force <40% MVC; fatigue) or at 5% MVC for 30 s (control). We found that reduced CBI after the fatigue task correlated with a milder perception of fatigue. In a follow-up experiment, we investigated the behavioral consequences of reduced CBI after fatigue. We measured CBI, perception of fatigue, and performance during a ballistic goal-directed task before and after the same fatigue and control tasks. We replicated the observation that reduced CBI after the fatigue task correlated with a milder perception of fatigue and found that greater endpoint variability after the fatigue task correlated with reduced CBI. The proportional relation between cerebellar excitability and fatigue indicates a role of the cerebellum in the perception of fatigue, which might come at the expense of motor control.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Fatigue is one of the most common and debilitating symptoms in neurologic, neuropsychiatric, and chronic illnesses. Despite its epidemiological importance, there is a limited understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying fatigue. In a series of experiments, we demonstrate that decreased cerebellar excitability relates to lesser physical fatigue perception and worse motor control. These results showcase the role of the cerebellum in fatigue regulation and suggest that fatigue- and performance-related processes might compete for cerebellar resources.
Lipase‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of 2‐Nitro Alcohol: Total Synthesis of Taxol Side Chain and (‐)‐Bestatin. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanical Behaviour of a NTO and RDX‐Based Melt Cast Explosive (2020)

Abstract Constitutive equationsThe XF explosive family from NEXTER Munitions relies on a melt cast formulation with a TNT matrix. Melt cast formulations provide a high‐volume ratio of energetic filler material to matrix. This might affect the mechanical response of the material and its damage process. Therefore, a laboratory study has been launched to improve the knowledge of the mechanical behavior of this family of energetic materials. To mimic the conditions observed by the material inside ammunition, we chose to adapt a passive confinement method to the pyrotechnic conditions of the XF‐11585. This relies on an elastic‐perfectly plastic ring that gives us access to the shear behavior for different loadings in quasi‐static regime. This setup allowed us to investigate the physical phenomena involved under both pressure and shear. Then, based on the results obtained, we built an isotropic elastic damage model. This macroscopic modeling of damage is meant to be simple but complex enough to provide an assessment of the material degradation.
Saccharification and Ethanol Fermentation from Uncooked Starch using Aspergillus niger Koji (1985)

The energy for cooking starch prior to saccharification could be saved by fermenting raw starch into ethanol using Aspergillus niger koji of wheat bran. Optimum cultivation time to produce glucoamylase was 4 days in wheat bran medium. The rate of saccharification from uncooked corn starch were optimum at pH 3.3 and 40-. Corn and sweet potato starch were saccharified more efficiently by wheat bran koji than other tested starch sources. 5 days of fermentation were required for optimum yield of ethanol using a mixture of AspergiUus niger koji and dried yeast. Final ethanol yields from raw corn, sweet potato, and rice starch with agitation at the rate of 100 rpm were about 95% at .