gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide‐releasing non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs: A novel approach for reducing gastrointestinal toxicity (1994)

The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) for treatment of inflammatory conditions is significantly limited by the untoward effects of these compounds on the gastrointestinal tract. While the pathogenesis of 'NSAID-gastropathy' is not completely understood, there is good evidence that the process is directly linked to suppression of prostaglandin synthesis and possibly to neutrophil adherence to the vascular endothelium. Pretreatment of rats with a nitric oxide (NO) donor (sodium nitroprusside) was found to significantly reduce the extent of gastric injury induced by flurbiprofen. We therefore tested the effects of a novel derivative of flurbiprofen. This compound contains a moiety similar to the NO-releasing moieties found in many organic nitrates. This compound suppressed gastric prostaglandin synthesis as effectively as flurbiprofen, but caused significantly less haemorrhagic damage. The compound was also found not to induce small intestinal injury. Since the compound was found to exert anti-inflammatory effects comparable with flurbiprofen, NO-releasing NSAID may represent a novel class of drugs with markedly reduced gastrointestinal toxicity.
Stability of frictional contact in constrained rigid-body dynamics (1997)

The use of rigid-body models during frictional contact is often justified by proving the existence of a unique solution to the forward dynamic equations. The implicit assumption here is that the contact forces so obtained are stable. In this paper, the rigid-body assumption is relaxed and body-to-body contacts are modeled using springs and dampers. A singular perturbation analysis reveals additional necessary conditions to ensure contact force stability in the reduced rigid-body model. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that stability depends on a damping ratio associated with the rigid contacts.
XX. On the Chinese method of propagating fruit-trees by abscission (1808)

ThE Chinese, in place of raising fruit-trees from seeds or from grafts, as is the castom in Europe, have adopted the following method of increasing them.They select a tree of that species which they wish to propagate, and fix upon such a branch as will least hurt or disfigure the tree by its removal.Round this branch: and as near as they can conveniently to its junction with the trunk, they wind a rope, made of straw, besmeared with cow dung, until a ball is tbrmed, five or six times the diameterof the branch.This is intended as a bed into which the young roots may shoot.Having performed this part of the operation, they immediately under the ball divide the bark down to the wood, fi~r nearly twothirds of the cireumferenee of the branch.A cocoa-nut shell or small pot is then hung over the ball, with a hole in its bottom, so small that water put therein will only fall in drops ; by this the rope is constantly kept moist, a circumstance necessary to the easy admission of the young roots, and to the supply of nourishment to the branch from this new channel.During three succeeding weeks, nothing further is required, except supplying the vessels with water.At the expiration of that period one-third of the remaining bark is cut, and the former incision is carried considerably deeper into the wood, as by this time it is expected that some roots have struck into the rope, and are giving their assistance in support of the branch.After a similar period the same operation is repeated, and in about two months from the commencement of the proeess, the roots may generally be seen intersecting each other on the surface of the ball ; which is a sign that they are sufficiently advanced to admit of the separation of the branch from the tree.This is best done by sawing it off at the in-
A Lane Detection Technique Based on Adaptive Threshold Segmentation of Lane Gradient Image (2018)

In order to solve the problems of being difficult to adapt to the change of illumination conditions and the road shadow or other noises interference, an approach for real-time lane detection based on adaptive threshold segmentation of lane gradient image. Considering the feature that the lane line usually has a higher brightness than the surrounding road surface, that is, there is a larger grey value, we extract lane edge pixels by imitating Canny edge detection technique to extract edge pixels gradient and then segment it with a threshold obtained from OTSU algorithm. Finally, lane line detection and tracking is realized by Hough transform and Kalman filter. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods, and the detection results are consistent with the actual situation. The processing speed is about 16 fps, which basically meets the real-time requirements.
Outcome of mismatch repair deficient metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC): The Mayo Clinic Experience. (2017)

e15030 Background: Deficiencies in the DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) system cause errors during DNA replication, which in turn give rise to microsatellite instability (MSI-H). MSI-H in mCRC is rare and its prognostic and predictive impact on outcome is unclear. This cohort study aims to investigate the prognostic and predictive value of MSI-H in metastatic CRC prior to the immune therapy era. Methods: 75 MSI-H mCRC patients (pts) and 75 matched (age, gender, disease sidedness, metachronous) MSS mCRC pts were identified from 1268 mCRC who had MSI/MMR test results at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 1/1992 and 7/2016. A retrospective review was conducted by using data from electronic medical records (EMR). Statistical analyses utilized Kaplan-Meier method, Log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: In the MSI-H group, there were 39 male (52%) and 36 female (48%) pts. Median age at metastatic disease diagnosis was 54.7 years. 35 patients presented with stage IV CRC. Primary tumors location: 38 right side, 11 transverse colon, 15 left side, 11 rectum. The MSS group was well matched (3 mismatches for gender and 1 mismatch for metachronous metastatic disease). Median overall survivals (OS) were 28.1 and 37.4 months for MSI-H and MSS pts, respectively ( p= 0.098). 98.7% MSS pts and 94.7% MSI-H pts had Fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy for metastatic disease and there was no median OS difference between these two groups (37.4 vs. 32.3 months p= 0.91). 43 MSI-H and 39 MSS pts had metastasectomy including ablation ( p= 0.51) with longer median OS (82.0 and 69.9 months, p= 0.90) compared to pts without metastasectomy (13.9 and 19.7 months, p= 0.15). Age &lt; 65, metastasectomy, asymptomatic metastatic lesions, BRAF wild type, and multiple metastasectomy were associated with better survival in univariate analysis. Only metastasectomy remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis ( p&lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: MSI-H mCRC do not appear to have improved prognosis compared with MSS cancers, in fact, there is a trend toward inferior outcome. In both groups, metastasectomy including multiple metastasectomy should be considered to optimize OS.
A Threshold-Limited Fluorescence Probe for Viscosity (2019)

Viscosity of body fluid is an established biomarker of pathological conditions. Abnormality of cellular viscosity occurs when cells are challenged with external stresses. Small molecule probes to assess the viscosity are sought after for both disease diagnostics and basic studies. Fluorescence based probes are particular attractive due to their potentials for convenient and high spatiotemporal resolution microscopic monitoring of biological samples. The dyes with a floppy push-pull backbone or dyes with a rotatable substituent exhibits a viscosity responsive fluorescence enhancement and therefore viable viscosity probes. The scaffold of the existing viscosity probes contains typically one such floppy site. Therefore, they typically linearly respond to log(viscosity). We argue that minor viscosity fluctuation could potentially be physiological as the biological system is dynamic. We wish to develop a type of conceptually-new, threshold-limited viscosity probes, to complement the existing probes. Such probes do not exhibit a fluorescence enhancement when challenged with minor and presumably physiological enhancement of viscosity. When the viscosity is higher than a certain threshold, their fluorescence turns on. We hypothesize that a dye with two far-apart floppy sites could potentially yield such a threshold-limited signal and designed <b>VPZ2</b> and <b>VPZ3</b>. Through spectral titration, <b>VPZ3</b> was found to yield the desired threshold-limited signal. <b>VPZ3</b> was suitable for <i>in vitro</i> bioimaging of viscosity under one-photon or two-photon excitation. <b>VPZ3</b> is potentially useful in many downstream applications. Future work includes fine-tune of the threshold to allow tailored limit for fluorescence turn-on to better meet the need of different applications. Besides the implications in the real-world applications, the design concept could also be translated to design of alternative substrates.
Test of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation by Nitrate-reducing Microorganisms Isolated from Tallgrass Prairie Soils (2016)

Soils are frequently contaminated with hydrocarbons such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). This contamination inhibits the growth of some microorganisms in the contaminated soils. However, the contamination may select for microorganisms capable of hydrocarbon degradation under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Forty five strains of bacteria isolated from tallgrass prairie soil samples were screened for the ability to grow with naphthalene as sole carbon source under aerobic conditions by culturing on minimal medium containing naphthalene as the sole carbon source. Our results showed that none of the 45 strains were able to grow on naphthalene under these conditions. Three out of the 45 strains, e.g. one strain each classified as Ensifer, Stenotrophomonas, or Serratia, were tested for the ability to degrade naphthalene under nitrate reducing conditions. All three strains were facultative anaerobes and showed the physiology of nitrate or nitrate/nitrite reduction when grown under nitrate-reducing conditions in medium containing yeast extract. Two strains (e.g. Stenotrophomonas and Serratia) were tested for the ability to grow on naphthalene, gasoline, or benzene under nitrate-reducing conditions. The Serratia grew poorly on the hydrocarbons, but Stenotrophomonas reached its highest O.D. values on naphthalene. However, upon re-testing a wellwashed cell suspension of the Stenotrophomonas, no loss of naphthalene was found when grown under nitrate-reducing conditions. Although it might be expected that crude-oil contamination would select for PAH degraders, we did not find the nitrate reducing/nitrite reducing isolates to be capable of naphthalene-degradation under aerobic or nitrate-reducing conditions. ©2015 Oklahoma Academy of Science
PE-130 : Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma as the First Treatment of Modality: Its Survival Outcomes and Poor Survival Predictors (2017)

Aims: Liver resection is preferable treatment of option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study aimed to evaluate overall survival rate according to tumor stages and time interval, and find out factors associated with poor survival in the patients with liver resection as the first therapy for HCC.
Methods: We enrolled a total of 193 patients who were diagnosed as HCC in Korea university Anam hospital between 2004.3 and 2015.12 and undertook liver resection as the first therapy for HCC. Patients were categorized into each of 5 groups according to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system and 2 groups with 6 year time interval (2004.3-2010.2 vs. 2010.3-2015.12).
Results: Over the median follow-up of 43.6 months (range, 1.5-15.8), 55 patients died. The 1-, 3-, 5-years overall survival rates were 0.93, 0.79, 0.71, respectively. Each of early BCLC stage and recent operation showed significant better overall survival rates than advanced BCLC stage and remote past operation (P < 0.001, P = 0.03). In univariate Cox regression analysis, various factors associated with liver function [Child-Pugh (CP) scores, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores], tumor stage (BCLC stage, modified UICC stage), tumor marker [alpha feto protein (AFP)], pathologic findings (Edmondson-Steiner grades, tumor maximum size, vascular invasion, intrahepatic metastasis, pathologic T stage) were associated with poor survival. Among them, however, CP scores, AFP levels, and pathologically confirmed intrahepatic metastasis were only independent mortality predictors (hazard ratio, 2.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-5.88, P = 0.044), (1.0; 1.0-1.0, P = 0.010), (3.57; 1.24 - 10.29, P = 0.019)
Conclusions: Liver resection as the first HCC therapy showed good overall survival rates, especially in patients with either early BCLC stage or recent operation. In addition, high CP scores, high AFP levels, and pathologically confirmed intrahepatic metastasis were independent poor survival markers, and thus we should observe the patient with these factors more closely.
Accuracy in temperature sensor response time estimation for new nuclear reactor designs (2011)

One method for measuring the response time of temperature sensors, the plunge test, verifies that the sensor has a suitable response time in the laboratory before installation. However, plunge test results cannot be extrapolated to the response time in an operating plant because response time is affected by multiple factors such as the ratio of internal heat-transfer resistance to the surface heat-transfer resistance, or Biot Modulus. The estimation method presented here can be used to extrapolate laboratory response-time measurements to determine sensor response time in another medium, in different test conditions, or in actual applications such as a nuclear power plant. However, experiments conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have confirmed that the effect of temperature on sensor response time cannot be estimated confidently in an operating environment. Therefore, the loop current step response (LCSR) method was developed to measure the actual in-service response time of nuclear plant temperature sensors.
Principles of Materials Science and Engineering (1986)

This book attempts to provide basic knowledge about the structure, properties, and processing of engineering materials and their applications. The first chapter gives an introduction to materials science and engineering and briefly describes the main types of engineering materials. Chapters 2 to 4 cover basic materials science subjects dealing primarily with structure. Chapters 5 and 6 relate structure to some basic electrical and mechanical properties. Polymeric materials are treated first in Chapter 7 since they do not require a background in phase-diagram analysis. Chapter 8 then discusses phase diagrams as preparation for the study of metallic and ceramic materials that are covered in Chapters 9 and 10, respectively. Chapter 11 deals with magnetic materials, while Chapter 12 discusses some aspects of corrosion. Finally, Chapter 13 presents some information on composite materials including some discussion of advanced composites, our latest-type materials used in engineering designs. The last part of Chapter 13 deals with the structure and properties of concrete and wood.
Validation of electron density profiles derived from oblique ionograms (1999)

The results presented in this paper compare the electron density profiles determined from inverting oblique ionograms with those derived from a vertical ionosonde and ionospheric tomography. These comparisons are made in order to assess the viability of incorporating vertical information derived from oblique sounders into the tomographic reconstruction process.
Depression as a Secondary Condition Following Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury. (1997)

This article reviews literature on the prevalence, course, risk factors, and functional impact associated with depression following mild and moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research conducted by the authors on depression in both young and elderly TBI patients is presented, supporting previous findings on the high frequency of affective disturbance and its adverse effects on activities of daily living. Treatment approaches emphasizing early patient education and counseling are discussed as potential strategies to mitigate the development of posttraumatic depression.
A reliable skin mole localization scheme (2007)

Mole pattern changes are important cues in detecting melanoma at an early stage. As a first step to automatically register mole pattern changes from skin images, this paper presents a framework to detect and label moles on skin images in the presence of clutter, occlusions, and varying imaging conditions. The input image is processed with cascaded blocks to successively discard non-mole pixels. Our method first searches the entire input image for skin regions using a non-parametric skin detection scheme, and the detected skin regions are further processed using a difference of Gaussian (DoG) filter to find possible mole candidates of varying sizes. Mole candidates are classified as moles in the final stage using a trained support vector machine. To increase the mole classification accuracy, hair is removed if present on the skin image using steerable filters and a graphical model. The performance of the designed system is evaluated with 28 test images, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mole localization scheme.
A Split MAC Approach for SDR Platforms (2014)

Implementation of carrier sensing-based medium access control (MAC) protocols on inexpensive reconfigurable radio platforms has proven challenging due to long and unpredictable delays associated with both signal processing on a general purpose processor (GPP) and the interface between the radio frequency (RF) front end and the GPP. This paper describes the development and implementation of a split-functionality architecture for a contention-based carrier sensing MAC, in which some of the functions reside on an field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and others reside in the GPP. We provide an FPGA-based implementation of a carrier sensing block and develop two versions of a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) MAC protocol based upon this block. We experimentally test the performance of the resulting protocols in a multihop environment in terms of end-to-end throughput and required frame retransmissions. We cross-validate these results with a network simulator with modules modified to reflect the mean and variance of delays measured in components of the real software-defined radio system.
Neuromechanical Control Strategies of Frontal-Plane Angular Momentum of Human Upper Body During Locomotor Transitions (2018)

Control of whole-body angular momentum (H) is important for robots and humans alike to maintain dynamic balance during locomotion. H is directly related to body dynamics through external moments and ground reaction forces. The human upper body is a critical contributor to H, and deficient control of the trunk has been related to poor dynamic balance. We examined the neuromechanical control strategies of frontal plane angular momentum of trunk (Ht) during locomotor transitions while walking overground. Five healthy subjects completed ten types of transitions of altered anticipation (anticipated, unanticipated), complexity (straight walking, cuts, cut-stair ascent), and cutting style (crossover, sidestep). The average positive and negative frontal plane Ht were significantly larger in unanticipated transitions, in which crossover cut-stairs were 144% higher in positive Ht and sidestep cut-stairs were 147% higher in negative Ht than normal walking. Furthermore, during anticipated states, crossovers had different magnitudes of average Ht relative to sidesteps, indicating a preparatory control of the magnitude of Ht based on cutting style, not complexity. The timing of Ht lagged during unanticipated transitions relative to anticipated transitions except for cut-stairs tasks. In addition, the timing of Ht in unanticipated states was not different from anticipated states at the end of transition, indicating an adapting control pattern of timing throughout the course of the entire unanticipated transitions. These results suggest that individuals may face more challenges in controlling trunk dynamic balance during anticipated and unanticipated transitions, and represent an opportunity for emerging robotic assistive devices that target upper-body mechanics during locomotion.
Multiplexing of Human Preterm and Term Milk Cytokines (2013)

The first objective was to use an 18‐plex cytokine panel to compare preterm and term colostrum collected at day 1 postpartum. After observing matrix effects, we worked to develop a milk assay matrix for Luminex and MagPix technologies. After matrix development proved satisfactory, we have progressed to a longitudinal study of immunobiology of milk from 100 mothers of Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants. We multiplexed milk whey using bead based methods and performed linear spiking experiments. We used a variety of matrix solutions and these matrices did not give reliable results. When we used serum matrix for controls and standards, and added serum matrix to milk samples, the spiking experiments were successful and showed linearity. Based on our preliminary experiments on preterm and term colostrum and the matrix solution, we designed a plex of 8 cytokines that differed in preterm compared to term colostrum (IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IP‐10, MIP‐1α, IP‐10, MCP‐1, and TNFα). We are now measuring milk cytokines from 100 mothers of VLBW infants across 6 weeks of the NICU stay. From these data we will describe the trajectory of human milk immunobiology over the first six weeks postpartum. Multiplexing provides excellent screening for important immune molecules. However there are no plexes specifically for milk. We have developed an assay for multiplexing using serum matrix that is sensitive and reliable. Funded by 5R21NR013094–02
Non-Thermal Processing by Intense Femtosecond Laser Pulses Transmitted through a Hollow Fiber Having an Evacuated Core (2006)

We processed metal and resin using intense femtosecond laser pulses transmitted through a hollow fiber. The laser pulses used in the experiment were generated by a regenerative amplifier and had a wavelength of 800 nm, a pulse duration of 50 fs, a pulse energy of 0.63 mJ (i. e., a peak power of 12.6 GW), and a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The hollow fiber was 1 m long, and its inner surface, coated with silver, was 0.7 mm in diameter. To avoid nonlinear modulation due to air breakdown, we evacuated the fiber's core. From by measuring the transmission characteristics of the fiber, we confirmed that optical pulses of 3.56 GW peak power (160 fs duration and 0.57 mJ energy) were obtained as fiber outputs when the fiber was straight. By scanning the output end of the fiber, we suitably processed a carbon tool steel and poly-ethylene terephthalate resin using fiber delivered femtosecond pulses.
Instability of the resonance excitation of space-charge waves in sillenite crystals (1999)

We analyze analytically and numerically the mechanism for modulational instability of the resonance excitation of a space-charge field by a moving light pattern in a photorefractive sillenite crystal to explain the results of recent experiments with Bi12SiO20 crystals.
Design and Development of Grid Portals (2005)

Grids are becoming platforms for high-performance and distributed computing. Grids benefit users by permitting them to access heterogeneous resources that are distributed geographically and organizationally. They allow users to execute compute intensive problems whose computational requirements cannot be satisfied by a single machine. This paper presents design and development details of Grid portals. The development, as discussed in this paper is based on Globus Grid GT3 for the windows 2000 platform.