gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Bacterial Immunization on Experimental Reflux Nephropathy (1984)

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that young animals with vesicoureteral reflux might be more vulnerable to renal parenchymal infection by bacteria to which they had not been previously exposed. Forty-four crossbred male piglets had surgical induction of vesicoureteral reflux at 2 weeks of age and introduction of urinary tract infection at 6 weeks. They were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age. Between the ages of 2 and 6 weeks, 22 piglets received subcutaneous injections of formalin-killed Escherichia coli in incomplete Freund's adjuvant as described. The remaining 22 piglets received incomplete Freund's adjuvant and vehicle alone. The antibody responses to antigenic challenge were weak to moderate. Immunized animals tended to have less renal scarring and better renal tubular uptake of dimercaptosuccinic acid, in addition to significantly lower serum creatinine values (p less than 0.001) and less mesangial cell proliferation in glomeruli (p = 0.05). We conclude that previous exposure to a specific bacterial strain and bacterial immunization have at least a mild protective effect on the development of reflux nephropathy.
Manpower planning in a general purpose shipterminal : an iterative aggregation-disaggregation-approach (1983)

In a general purpose shipterminal ships arrive in order to be loaded, unloaded or both. The terminal has only a limited number of berth places, and ships arriving when all berths are occupied are lost to competiting firms. By hiring extra manpower capacity ships can be served faster and leave earlier, so that fewer ships will be lost. The size of a detailed model will be tremendous. Therefore we have chosen for an iterative aggregation-disaggregation approach in which optimization alternates with simulation and adaptation of the model.\nFor this specific problem the method performs quite well, and we think it to be useful in other situations as well.
Photonics enhanced sensors for food monitoring: Part 3 (2017)

Food quality and food safety are gaining more and more importance in recent decades. In particular, applications have included domains such as the identification of foreign bodies in solid food streams, the quality screening of vegetables and fruits, the recognition of food products inducing a health risk and the monitoring of the quality and authentication of liquids. Solid food sensing methods are often insufficient in the sense that they are error-sensitive and time-consuming caused by the manual or chemical, sample- based screening of the products. For most liquids a decent monitoring method is missing. In view of this, the authors started exploring the potential of photonics to answer the question if food screening methods could be photonics-based. This paper gives an overview of our research of the past eighteen years.
A Robust Fitting Procedure for MLP Models (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Effect of a Hidden Layer Comparison of MLP with Robust Logistic Regression A Robust MLP Model Diagnostics Conclusion Complements and Exercises
NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Cancer Metastasis (2018)

Metastasis represents the leading cause of cancer-related death mainly owing to the limited efficacy of current anticancer therapies on advanced malignancies. Although immunotherapy is rendering promising results in the treatment of cancer, many adverse events and factors hampering therapeutic efficacy, especially in solid tumors and metastases, still need to be solved. Moreover, immunotherapeutic strategies have mainly focused on modulating the activity of T cells, while Natural Killer (NK) cells have only recently been taken into consideration. NK cells represent an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy owing to their innate capacity to eliminate malignant tumors in a non-Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and non-tumor antigen-restricted manner. In this review, we analyze the mechanisms and efficacy of NK cells in the control of metastasis and we detail the immunosubversive strategies developed by metastatic cells to evade NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance. We also share current and cutting-edge clinical approaches aimed at unleashing the full anti-metastatic potential of NK cells, including the adoptive transfer of NK cells, boosting of NK cell activity, redirecting NK cell activity against metastatic cells and the release of evasion mechanisms dampening NK cell immunosurveillance.
Oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy occurs through impairment of haemoglobin proton buffering and is reversed by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (2019)

Oxaliplatin is a cornerstone chemotherapeutic used in the treatment of colorectal cancer, the third leading cause of death in Western countries. Most side effects of this platinum-containing drug are adequately managed in the clinic, although acute and long-term neurotoxicity still severely compromises the quality of life of patients treated with oxaliplatin. We have previously demonstrated that therapeutically relevant concentrations/doses of oxaliplatin lead to a reduction in intracellular pH in mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in vitro and in vivo and that this alteration sensitizes TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels, which most likely mediate the allodynia associated with treatment. In this study, we show that oxaliplatin leads to a reduction of intracellular pH by forming adducts with neuronal haemoglobin, which acts in this setting as a proton buffer. Furthermore, we show that FDA-approved drugs that inhibit carbonic anhydrase (an enzyme that is linked to haemoglobin in intracellular pH homeostasis), ie, topiramate and acetazolamide, revert (1) oxaliplatin-induced cytosolic acidification and TRPA1 and TRPV1 modulation in DRG neurons in culture, (2) oxaliplatin-induced cytosolic acidification of DRG of treated animals, and (3) oxaliplatin-induced acute cold allodynia in mice while not affecting OHP-induced cytotoxicity on cancer cells. Our data would therefore suggest that reversal of oxaliplatin-induced cytosolic acidification is a viable strategy to minimize acute oxaliplatin-induced symptoms.
One-step fabrication of nanowire-grid polarizers using liquid-bridge-mediated nanotransfer molding (2012)

Ag nanowire-grid polarizers (NWGPs) were prepared by a one-step fabrication method, called liquid-bridge-mediated nanotransfer molding (LB-nTM). LB-nTM is a new direct nano-patterning method based on the direct transfer of various materials from a mold to a substrate via liquid layer. We fabricated NWGPs with Ag nanowire arrays (81 nm parallel lines and 119 nm spaces) on 2.5 in. transparent substrates by LB-nTM using an Ag nanoparticle solution. The maximum and minimum transmittances of the Ag NWGP at 800 nm were 80% and 10%, respectively.
Multicast and Anycast (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Multicast Basics Multicast Listener Discovery Multicast Routing Multicast Address Allocation Unicast-based Multicast Addressing Allocation of Multicast Addresses Multicast Reserved Addresses Anycast Configuring Anycast and Multicast on Hosts and Routers Summary References
Fully Dielectric Phased Array for Beamsteering Using Liquid Crystal Technology at W-Band (2020)

In this work, we present a liquid crystal based fully dielectric phased array for beamsteering at W-Band. The array consists of 1 x 4 tapered dielectric rod antennas, including liquid crystal phase shifters and a single multimode interference power divider as feeding network. With this approach, a fully dielectric beamsteering antenna is realized in a very lightweight, compact and low-loss design. Each rectangular phase shifter has a tapered dielectric rod antenna at its end. For beamsteering, dielectric subwavelength phase shifters are filled with a novel liquid crystal mixture. The realized demonstrator achieved a maximum scanning range of ± 10°. Moreover, the measured antenna gain is ranging between 13dB to 14dB with a side lobe level below – dB. The input reflection coefficient is below –10 dB over the whole W-band.
Self-Association of m-Cresol in Aqueous Organic Solvents:  Relation to Enzymatic Polymerization Reaction (2002)

Oxidative polymerization of phenols using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in aqueous organic solvents (1,4-dioxane−water and methanol−water), which is an attractive pathway for synthesis of a new class of polyphenols without use of toxic formaldehyde, was remarkably influenced by the water content. The present study is focused on the self-association of m-cresol in such a solvent to understand the effect of solvent on its polymerization. The change of the molecular weight of the polymer with varying the water content was found to be related to the molecular clustering in the solution, observed through the difference UV absorption spectroscopy and the mass spectrometry for clusters. In mixed solvents of 1,4-dioxane and aqueous 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7), number-average molecular weight had a maximum at the aqueous buffer content of 50 vol %, whereas in methanol-aqueous buffer mixtures, the molecular weight had a small maximum at 20 vol % aqueous buffer content and gradually decreased with increase of the aqueous buffer content. As for the m-cresol clustering, the effect of the water content was also in significant contrast between the above aqueous organic solvent systems. The m-cresol clusters were not formed in 1,4-dioxane, but its clustering was remarkably promoted by an increase of the water content. On the other hand, the m-cresol clusters were formed favorably in methanol and were readily hydrated with increase of the water content in the solution. These effects of the water content on the clustering are related to the enzymatic polymerization. The polymer would be obtained in high yields when the m-cresol clusters were formed in the solution; however, the hydration of the m-cresol cluster would restrain the polymerization.
Discreteness and simplicity of the spectrum of a quasilinear Sturm-Liouville-type problem on an infinite interval (2005)

We present sufficient conditions on the coefficients to get the discreteness and simplicity of the spectrum of a quasilinear Sturm-Liouville-type problem on an infinite interval. This condition appears to be necessary and sufficient for the compact embedding of certain weighted spaces. Our result generalizes those which are known from linear theory.
Mobile-R: A reconfigurable cooperative control platform for rapid deployment of multi-robot systems (2011)

Cooperative multi-robot systems have been used in a vast array of fields and are of particular interest in perilous environments. One of the main issues in multi-robot systems is the lack of a common set of programming and control abstractions and middleware. Controlling and programming cooperative multi-robot systems is a highly complicated task that requires a flexible and agile control architecture and programming environment that are able to handle the distributed nature of multi-robot systems. A generalized, highly flexible and reconfigurable cooperative robot control platform called Mobile-R has been developed. Mobile-R consists of a mobile agent-based robot control system and a mission-based rapid deployment system. A real-world validation experiment involving cooperative multi-robot perimeter patrolling is presented.
Inhibitory action of a non-metabolizable fatty acid on the growth of Escherichia coli: role of metabolism and outer membrane integrity (1977)

The inhibitory action of decanoic acid on both Escherichia coli K-12/154 (normal lipopolysaccharide) and E. coli RC59 (defective lipopolysaccharide) was studied. A correlation was found between the doubling time of E. coli 154 growing in different media and the lethal effect of 0.4% decanoic acid on this bacterium. Decanoic acid (0.4%) exerted a lytic action on glucose-starved and NaN3-inhibited cells of E. coli 154 and RC59. Exponentially growing cultures of both strains were not affected by the addition of 0.4% methyldecanoate, but cells of E. coli RC59 reaching the stationary phase were attacked by that compound. A bactericidal action of 0.4% methyldecanoate on exponential E. coli 154 and RC59 was observed when sodium azide was also present in the media. Concentrations lower than 0.01% methyldecanoate had a lytic effect on spheroplasts from E. coli 154 and RC59. These results indicate that the inhibitory action of a non-metabolizable fatty acid on E. coli depends on the cellular metabolic activity and the outer membrane integrity.
Persistent Increases of PKMζ in Sensorimotor Cortex Maintain Procedural Long-Term Memory Storage (2018)

Procedural motor learning and memory are accompanied by changes in synaptic plasticity, neural dynamics, and synaptogenesis. Missing is information on the spatiotemporal dynamics of the molecular machinery maintaining these changes. Here we examine whether persistent increases in PKMζ, an atypical protein kinase C (PKC) isoform, store long-term memory for a reaching task in rat sensorimotor cortex that could reveal the sites of procedural memory storage. Specifically, perturbing PKMζ synthesis (via antisense oligodeoxynucleotides) and blocking atypical PKC activity (via zeta inhibitory peptide [ZIP]) in S1/M1 disrupts and erases long-term motor memory maintenance, indicating atypical PKCs and specifically PKMζ store consolidated long-term procedural memories. Immunostaining reveals that PKMζ increases in S1/M1 layers II/III and V as performance improved to an asymptote. After storage for 1 month without reinforcement, the increase in M1 layer V persists without decrement. Thus, the persistent increases in PKMζ that store long-term procedural memory are localized to the descending output layer of the primary motor cortex.
Microscopy and Microanalysis of Plutonium Metal, Alloys and Oxides or the Problem With Pu (2000)

Abstract Plutonium (Pu), with an atomic number of 94, is the highest atomic number naturally occurring element on Earth. It is formed when naturally occurring Uranium 238 captures a neutron that can be created by spontaneous fission and alphaneutron reactions. The natural abundance of terrestrial Pu is very small; its concentration is about one part in 10 of the uranium present in naturally occurring uranium ores. The first man-made plutonium was produced at the University of California cyclotron and identified on February 23, 1941. Just a few months after the first Pu was produced it became clear how metallurgically complex this material is. Plutonium is known to have six allotropes (crystalline forms) at atmospheric pressure, between room temperature and 640°C, the melting point of the pure metal. This is the largest number of allotropes known for any element.
Poseidon: Surface Water Garbage Collector (2023)

Increased water pollution has had a negative impact on marine flora and fauna, as evidenced by the extensive coral reef damage, declining aquatic life populations, and extinction of several species. Concerned authorities have taken action to control the problem and stop it from growing worse, although widespread application has not yet been carried out. This is a little gesture on our part to support the cleaning campaign. This boat will be specifically made to remove all surface water waste from water bodies. The boat will successfully clean the water body by collecting any trash in its course and storing it in its cavity, which will then be emptied manually on the land. Through the use of the custom-made Poseidon software, the boat will be able to change directions. Thus, the primary goal of this remote-control boat is to maintain the cleanliness of the water bodies around. This is a little effort on our part towards a healthy and pollution-free environment.
Mechanical load and primary guinea pig osteoarthrosis (1998)

Hartley guinea pigs spontaneously develop knee osteoarthrosis. The reproducible course, the changes first appearing at the central medial condyle and then progressing peripherally and laterally, makes this animal a suitable model for intervention studies. We studied the effect of load, and randomized 9-month-old male animals into 4 groups: immediate killing, mid-femoral 30 degrees-valgus osteotomy, sham operation or below-knee amputation. After 3 months, the proximal tibia was step-sectioned and examined stereologically by light microscopy. Local load-redistribution from the medial to the lateral condyle (osteotomy) reduced cartilage fibrillation by 22% medially and increased it 27% laterally. Subchondral bone thickness decreased by 36% in the medial condyle. In contrast, general load-redistribution (amputation) did not affect the progress of fibrillation, despite pronounced bone atrophy. Cartilage thickness, however, did not change; calcified cartilage thickness remained remarkably constant, and it was always higher on the lateral side. Therefore tide-mark advancement does not appear to be an important mechanism in early guinea pig osteoarthrosis. Thus, when the natural course of guinea pig osteoarthrosis is interfered with surgically, in the early phase, changes in bone are more conspicuous than those in cartilage, which further indicates that mechanical load and stiffness gradients are important pathogenetic mechanisms.
A stereoscopic approach for cloud base height assessment over an optical ground station (2022)

Telecommunication and remote sensing data exchanged between Earth and space has increased dramatically in recent years. Radio frequencies, the medium used for several decades has shown to reach its capacity. Free space optical communications, achieved with laser transmitter devices, is an alternative with better transmission rate and increased security. However, a major drawback of this technology is that laser signal cannot cross through thick clouds, which imply to set up a network of optical ground stations with handover management strategies based on Cloud Optical Depth (COD) observation and Cloud Motion forecasts. Ground-based long-wave infrared observations from a sky imager can be used to estimate COD. However, as a low thin cloud may have similar thermal signature than a high thick cloud, additional Cloud Base Height (CBH) measurement is needed to retrieve accurate COD in any weather situation [1]. The CCSDS currently recommends to use a ceilometer for this purpose [2]. Here, we explore an alternative approach, retrieving CBH directly from a pair of thermal sky imagers and stereoscopic methods. Our CBH retrievals have been compared with the measurement of a reference ceilometer. The results showed a good agreement for a continuous period of acquisition over several days, with a Root Mean Squared Error of 15%. In addition, stereoscopy offers a wider field of view and thus, may increase the forecasting horizon and accuracy, compared to a sky imager+ceilometer configuration [3] [4] [5]. We believe this approach is promising for the cloud monitoring of Optical Ground Stations and should be further investigated.
Electroacupuncture Suppresses the Cortical Evoked Responses in Somatosensory I and II Areas after Tooth Pulp Stimulation in Rat (1980)

Rat cortical evoked responses (CERs) of the somatosensory area I and II following tooth pulp stimulation were decreased in amplitude by electroacupuncture stimulation. Suppression was more marked with the contralateral CERs than with the ipsilateral ones. Onset latencies of somatosensory II CER of both sides were lengthened after electroacupuncture stimulation.
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGED STERENES IN A SHALE. OCCURRENCE AND SIMULATED FORMATION (1975)

Abstract Aus dem Extrakt eines bituminösen Schiefers werden das S‐ und das R‐Epimere des Cholestens (II) erhalten, sowie weitere kernmethylierte und seitenkettenalkylierte Homologe.
Correlation of Operative Mortality and Morbidity With Preoperative C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio, Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio, and Prognostic Nutritional Index in Patients Undergoing Emergent Operations Due to Strangulation Ileus (2021)

Emergent surgery is necessary in patients with strangulation ileus. However, such procedures are associated with high morbidity and mortality. A retrospective analysis was performed to determine whether the preoperative C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR); neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR); and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) are good indicators of mortality or morbidity in patients undergoing emergent operations for treatment of strangulation ileus. Emergent surgery was performed for 1698 patients at Tottori Prefectural Central Hospital from 2012 and 2015. Among them, 45 patients (2.7%) were preoperatively diagnosed with strangulation ileus. We evaluated the clinical importance of the preoperative CAR, NLR, and PNI in these patients. We excluded pediatric patients from this study. Postoperative complications developed in 14 of 45 (31.1%) patients. The mean postoperative hospital stay among the 14 patients with postoperative complications was significantly longer than that of the 31 patients without postoperative complications (44.0 versus 11.3 days, respectively; P = 0.006). Three patients died of postoperative complications. The overall operative mortality and morbidity rates were 6.7% and 31.1%, respectively. We found strong correlations of postoperative complications with older age, a longer operation time, and an abnormal preoperative CAR, NLR, and PNI. Not only inflammation, but also a patients' nutritional and immune status appear to be strongly correlated with mortality or morbidity after emergent operations for strangulation ileus. Patients with a high CAR and NLR and low PNI preoperatively must be closely monitored for the occurrence of postoperative complications such as surgical site infections or pulmonary complications.
671 nm GaInAsP/AlGaAs Visible DFB Lasers with Ridge-Waveguide Structure Grown by LPE (1989)

A transverse-mode controlled distributed feedback (DFB) GaInAsP/AlGaAs laser with a ridge-waveguide structure emitting at 671 nm in wavelength, fabricated by two-step liquid phase epitaxy was demonstrated for the first time. The third order grating with 2910 Å period on the GaInP guide layer was employed for the light feedback. Fundamental transverse mode operation in TE was observed at the current level more than 1.3 times the threshold. The DFB mode operation in a single longitudinal mode was maintained in the temperature range of 35°C, with a lasing wavelength shift as small as 0.04 nm/deg.
Deep learning and cultural evolution (2014)

We propose a theory and its first experimental tests, relating difficulty of learning in deep architectures to culture and language. The theory is articulated around the following hypotheses: learning in an individual human brain is hampered by the presence of effective local minima, particularly when it comes to learning higher-level abstractions, which are represented by the composition of many levels of representation, i.e., by deep architectures; a human brain can learn such high-level abstractions if guided by the signals produced by other humans, which act as hints for intermediate and higher-level abstractions; language and the recombination and optimization of mental concepts provide an efficient evolutionary recombination operator for this purpose. The theory is grounded in experimental observations of the difficulties of training deep artificial neural networks and an empirical test of the hypothesis regarding the need for guidance of intermediate concepts is demonstrated. This is done through a learning task on which all the tested machine learning algorithms failed, unless provided with hints about intermediate-level abstractions.