gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygen-induced retinopathy in the rat: hemorrhages and dysplasias may lead to retinal detachment (1992)

Rearing neonatal rats in hyperoxia induces the development of retinal hemorrhages and retinal dysplasia. Albino rats were placed in 80% oxygen immediately after birth and were exposed for either 5, 10, or 14 days, followed by sacrifice or exposure to normoxia for an additional 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 38, 45 or 56 days. Control rats were simultaneously raised in room air and sacrificed at the same times. All animals were enucleated and their eyes processed for light and electron microscopy. Eyecups were trimmed to facilitate cross-sectioning of the retina in the vertical meridian. No control rats showed signs of retinal hemorrhages or of dysplastic folds or rosettes. Nor did the retinas of rats killed immediately after oxygen exposure contain hemorrhages, but the incidence of retinal folds or rosettes in this group was 54%. For rats exposed to combinations of hyperoxia and brief normoxia (10 days or less), 40% suffered hemorrhages and 50% developed retinal folds or rosettes. Although hemorrhages were more prominent in rats subjected to longer periods of oxygen (73% of all rats exposed for 14 days followed by brief normoxia vs. 6% of those exposed for 5 days followed by brief normoxia), the incidence decreased with time post-exposure in room air. Hemorrhages occurred in 100% of the rats raised in oxygen for 14 days followed by 2 days in room air, and decreased to 50% by 7 days in room air and to 0% by 38 days, indicating a spontaneous resolution with time. In each case, the blood appeared to leak from the newly-forming vessels of the deep capillary net, with most of the red blood cells migrating to the subretinal space. Retinal fold or rosette formation, indicative of developmental dysplasia, occurred in a fraction of virtually all groups of exposed rats, and persisted at the longest post-exposure periods. These two manifestations of oxygen-induced retinopathy are emphasized because they lead to an abnormal separation of the retina from the epithelial layer, which may increase the likelihood of the most serious consequence of ROP--retinal detachment. In fact, all rats that endured post-exposure periods of 38 days or longer before sacrifice exhibited retinal detachment.
AN INTEGRATED VIEW OF β-CELL DYSFUNCTION IN TYPE-II DIABETES (1996)

Type-II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a heterogeneous disease resulting from insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. beta-Cell dysfunction in Type-II diabetes is characterized by a specific lack of first-phase glucose-induced insulin secretion. This defect is readily reversible upon normalization of blood glucose levels. Chronic hyperglycemia itself is harmful to the beta-cell and affects both insulin biosynthesis and exocytosis. No unique intracellular defect has been demonstrated to be responsible for all common forms of the disease. However, mutations of the glucokinase gene have been identified in maturity onset diabetes in the young, a particular form of NIDDM.
Analgesic and Antioxidant Activity of Mangiferin and Its Derivatives: the Structure Activity Relationship (2005)

Mangiferin, 2-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one, obtained directly from methanolic extracts of Bombax ceiba leaves in substantial amounts demonstrated strong antioxidant activity (EC(50) 5.8+/-0.96 mug/ml or 13.74 muM) using DPPH assay comparable to rutin, commonly used as antioxidant for medical purposes. The acetyl and cinnamoyl derivatives were found to be less active than mangiferin whereas, methyl and 3,6,7-trimethylether tetraacetate derivatives were inactive implying that for antioxidant activity, free hydroxyl groups and catechol moiety are essential. Moreover, mangiferin showed hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury further supporting the free radical scavenging property in the in vivo system. Additionally, plant extracts and mangiferin failed to exhibit acute anti-inflammatory activity whereas, it displayed significant analgesic effect in acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests in mice. Using naloxone, it was revealed that plant extracts induced analgesia was independent of opioid receptor, whereas, mangiferin demonstrated significant interaction with it at peripheral site with a slight contribution at the neuronal level.
<title>Document enhancement via binary to gray-scale iterative stack filters</title> (1995)

One form of digital document enhancement maps a binary image to N-bits/pixel while maintaining constant spatial sampling resolution. Pixels in character stroke interiors and in the background typically retain black or white values, while certain edge pixels map to intermediate `gray' levels, effectively lessening the jagged appearance of curved and angled strokes. This paper presents a binary-to-gray operator that employs binary erosion-based filters in an iterative stacking architecture. We describe the filter architecture, optimal design method, and demonstrate binary-to-gray enhancement using only a small number of morphological erosions.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of bed time intermediate acting insulin in NIDDM subjects refractory to a combination of sulphonylureas and biguanides. (1992)

The effect of a single dose of intermediate acting (Lente) insulin given subcutaneously at 9.00 P.M. in 22 NIDDM subjects refractory to a combination of Sulphonylureas and Biguanides was analysed. Euglycemia was achieved and maintained during the study period of three months with a mean insulin requirement of 14.22 +/- 5.98 units/day. Plasma FFA, Total cholesterol, triglyceride and VLDL-cholesterol also showed significant reduction. The level of FFA modulates hepatic glucose production, which in turn correlates positively with the fasting blood glucose. The therapeutic modality of bed time Lente Insulin based on physiological principles is an effective way of achieving glycemic control in NIDDM subjects who have become non-responsive to oral hypoglycemic agents.
Prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia contributions to visual working memory (2010)

Visual working memory (VWM) is a remarkable skill dependent on the brain's ability to construct and hold an internal representation of the world for later comparison with an external stimulus. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basal ganglia (BG) interact within a cortical and subcortical network supporting VWM. We used scalp electroencephalography in groups of patients with unilateral PFC or BG lesions to provide evidence that these regions play complementary but dissociable roles in VWM. PFC patients show behavioral and electrophysiological deficits manifested by attenuation of extrastriate attention and VWM-related neural activity only for stimuli presented to the contralesional visual field. In contrast, patients with BG lesions show behavioral and electrophysiological VWM deficits independent of the hemifield of stimulus presentation but have intact extrastriate attention activity. The results support a model wherein the PFC is critical for top-down intrahemispheric modulation of attention and VWM with the BG involved in global support of VWM processes.
Effects of Filter and Burner Aging on the Spectral Power Distribution of Xenon Arc Lamps (1996)

Solarization caused by aging of the borosilicate glass filters used for xenon arc lamps has a very large effect on the short wavelength ultraviolet radiation emitted by the lamps, even with strict control of irradiance. If irradiance is precisely controlled at a constant mid UV wavelength, filter aging causes significant reductions in short wavelength UV and increases in long wavelength UV and visible light intensities. If irradiance is controlled in a broad band which includes long wavelength UV, filter aging will cause changes in short wavelength UV, even when the broad band irradiance is kept constant. Differences in short wavelength UV transmission between different lots of the same type of filter can cause very large changes in short wavelength UV emission of the lamp when aged filters are replaced. The differences in UV transmission between different lots of glass persist even after aging. Changes in the spectral power distribution of the xenon lamp caused by filter aging can have a significant effect on the rate of polymer or product degradation and may be a major cause of the variability in results between different devices running identical test cycles. Changes in xenon lamp spectral irradiance caused by aging of the xenon burner are much smaller than the changes caused by filter aging. Xenon burners used in high irradiance cycles may show larger losses of short wavelength UV emmissions than burners used in cycles controlled to produce lower irradiance.
ChemInform Abstract: ACYLATION OF 2′,3′,5′‐TRI‐O‐ACETYLGUANOSINE (1978)

Abstract Das Guanosin (I) liefert mit 2,6‐Dichlorbenzoylchlorid (Überschuß) in Pyridin das 0(6)‐Acylderivat (III).
C-Reactive Protein and Complement Are Important Mediators of Tissue Damage in Acute Myocardial Infarction (1999)

Myocardial infarction in humans provokes an acute phase response, and C-reactive protein (CRP), the classical acute phase plasma protein, is deposited together with complement within the infarct. The peak plasma CRP value is strongly associated with postinfarct morbidity and mortality. Human CRP binds to damaged cells and activates complement, but rat CRP does not activate complement. Here we show that injection of human CRP into rats after ligation of the coronary artery reproducibly enhanced infarct size by approximately 40%. In vivo complement depletion, produced by cobra venom factor, completely abrogated this effect. Complement depletion also markedly reduced infarct size, even when initiated up to 2 h after coronary ligation. These observations demonstrate that human CRP and complement activation are major mediators of ischemic myocardial injury and identify them as therapeutic targets in coronary heart disease.
A Flexible Replication Mechanism with Extended Database Connection Layers (2006)

It is vital to achieve a disaster recovery system that allows a backup site to take over a primary site's IT services while the primary site is down. We propose a flexible replication mechanism based on service requirements such as system performance, recovery time objective (RTO), and recovery point objective (RPO). For high flexibility, the mechanism controls the replication schedule by monitoring the application's database accesses in the database connection library and matching the accesses with previously registered access patterns. In our experiments, we confirmed that the proposed mechanism outperforms other existing mechanisms, especially in situations with network delays and packet losses
Abstract 17353: B Cell Depletion Promotes Aortic Infiltration of Tolerogenic Immune Cells and is Protective of Experimental Aortic Aneurysm (2015)

Anti-CD20 antibody-mediated B cell depletion therapy is widely used for the treatment of B cell malignancies and rheumatoid arthritis. Given the observation that B cells are abundant in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AA), we hypothesize that B cell depletion would be protective of experimental AA formation. C57BL/6j and IL-10 knock-out (KO) mice (male, 8-10 weeks old) were injected intraperitoneal (IP) or intravenous (IV) with mouse monoclonal anti-CD20 IgG2a (or IgG2a control) antibodies at day 7 before and day 7 following induction of AA using the elastase AA perfusion model. AA size was measured at day 14 following perfusion. Depletion of B cell (B1, B2 and IL-10 producing B cells) was confirmed using flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry. IgG and IgM levels were quantified using ELISA. One-way ANOVA was used for data analysis. B1 cells were prominent in peritoneal cavity, whereas B2 cells were spleen and blood. 85-95% of B1 and B2 cells were depleted at day 7 following both IP and IV treatments. Interestingly, both the treatments strikingly suppressed AA growth (control, 96±8%; IP, 62±5%; and IV, 55±4%, p&lt;0.01, n=8-10). Plasma IgM levels were significantly lower (p&lt;0.01), whereas, IgG levels were similar in the B cell depleted mice compared to control mice. Immunohistology showed IL-10 producing B cells were preserved in spleen of B cell depleted mice. B cell depletion in IL-10 KO mice partially suppressed AA formation (control, 111±6%; anti-CD20, 92±8%; n=4-5) suggesting AA growth was partly dependent on IL-10 producing B cells. Flow cytometry revealed presence of CD19+ with B220+ or CD20+, CD138+ (plasma cells), CD1d+ and IgM+IgD+ cells in AA of control mice, which were absent in B cell depleted mice. Despite the preservation of elastin layers, B220+ cells were found the in the AA of B cell depleted mice, which were CD20- and IDO+ (Indole 2,3-dioxygenase), suggesting they are T cell tolerogenic plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Correlated with this, the CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cell population was higher in the aorta of B cell depleted mice. The present results suggest B cell depletion protects mice from experimental AA formation partly via preserving IL-10 producing B cells and promoting the presence of tolerogenic pDCs in the aorta.
Enhanced drought and heat stress tolerance of tobacco plants with ectopically enhanced cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase gene expression (2013)

Responses to drought, heat, and combined stress were compared in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants ectopically expressing the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase CKX1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana L. under the control of either the predominantly root-expressed WRKY6 promoter or the constitutive 35S promoter, and in the wild type. WRKY6:CKX1 plants exhibited high CKX activity in the roots under control conditions. Under stress, the activity of the WRKY6 promoter was down-regulated and the concomitantly reduced cytokinin degradation coincided with raised bioactive cytokinin levels during the early phase of the stress response, which might contribute to enhanced stress tolerance of this genotype. Constitutive expression of CKX1 resulted in an enlarged root system, a stunted, dwarf shoot phenotype, and a low basal level of expression of the dehydration marker gene ERD10B. The high drought tolerance of this genotype was associated with a relatively moderate drop in leaf water potential and a significant decrease in leaf osmotic potential. Basal expression of the proline biosynthetic gene P5CSA was raised. Both wild-type and WRKY6:CKX1 plants responded to heat stress by transient elevation of stomatal conductance, which correlated with an enhanced abscisic acid catabolism. 35S:CKX1 transgenic plants exhibited a small and delayed stomatal response. Nevertheless, they maintained a lower leaf temperature than the other genotypes. Heat shock applied to drought-stressed plants exaggerated the negative stress effects, probably due to the additional water loss caused by a transient stimulation of transpiration. The results indicate that modulation of cytokinin levels may positively affect plant responses to abiotic stress through a variety of physiological mechanisms.
Principal Component Analysis, Trace Elements, and Blue Crab Shell Disease (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrincipal Component Analysis, Trace Elements, and Blue Crab Shell DiseasePaul J. Gemperline, Kevin H. Miller1, Terry L. West, John E. Weinstein, J. Craig Hamilton, and John T. BrayCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 9, 523A–532APublication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online31 May 2012Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00033a719https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00033a719research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views351Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
20 Gbit/s-based soliton WDM transmission over transoceanic distances using periodic compensation of dispersion and its slope (1996)

Soliton WDM transmission of two and three-channel 20 Gbit/s signals over transoceanic distances has been demonstrated, for the first time, using periodic compensation of dispersion and its slope of the transmission fibre without any active soliton control, sliding frequency guiding filters, or dispersion tapering fibre.
Home remedies to soothe your child's cold symptoms (2007)

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Cough and cold medicines specifically made for children under age 2 recently were removed from store shelves due to the potential for misuse. In addition, a panel of advisers to the Food and Drug Administration has recommended against giving over-the-counter cough and cold
A neural networks based approach for determining fouling of multi point optical fibre sensors in water systems (2000)

An optical fibre sensor system is presented utilising Optical Time Domain Retlectometry and Artificial Neural Networks pattern recognition techniques to recognise the degree of sensor fouling associated with lime-scale build up in hard water systems.
Photoresponsive polymers IV. Conformational changes of polypeptides upon irradiation (1990)

Abstract Poly(5‐(4‐phenylazobenzyl)‐ L ‐glutamate) was synthesized to study the photoinduced helix coil transition of a unipolymer. The crucial point in the synthesis is the selective esterification of the L ‐glutamic acid, which was carried out as an alcoholysis of the N ‐protected cyclic anhydride. The 5‐ester was treated with phosgene to óbtain the N ‐carboxyanhydride, which was polymerized by base catalysis. The polymer was investigated in dilute dioxane solutions. The photoinduced transition was followed by means of UV spectroscopy for the chromophore and viscosimetric experiments for the configuration of the polymer chain. The changes in viscosity are more complex than expected for a helix coil transition, so aggregates have to be taken into account.
Detection of benzo(a)pyrene:DNA adducts in human white blood cells. (1985)

Metabolic activation of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) to its ultimate carcinogenic form, 7 beta, 8 alpha-diol-9 alpha, 10 alpha-benzo(a)pyrene epoxide (BPDE), and the binding of BPDE to DNA are important steps in BP carcinogenicity in experimental animals. Since people of certain occupations are exposed to high concentrations of BP, we have used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ultrasensitive enzymatic radioimmunoassay to measure BPDE:DNA adducts in white blood cells from 2 of these occupational groups. Seven of 28 samples from roofers and 7 of 20 samples from foundry workers were positive for BPDE:DNA adducts (range, 2 to 120 fmol BPDE/50 micrograms DNA). In a group of nine volunteers without these industrial exposures to BP, the two positive DNA samples were from cigarette smokers. Control DNA obtained from human lymphocyte cell line RPMI 4265 was negative. These results indicate that the metabolic activation of BP and formation of BPDE:DNA adducts occurs in humans.
Discussion of "Intersection Construction Cost Functions for Alignment (2005)

The paper focuses on the more general type of crossing: a circular section of one alignment intersecting a circular section of the other alignment. Firstly, in that case the coordinates of the point of intersection are determined. However, for estimating pavement and earthwork costs, the described general case is simplified; the crossing of two perpendicular tangent sections is developed and, therefore, the application of the obtained results is very limited. The general type of crossing is shown in Fig. 1, and its geometric particularities, which are exposed below, must be taken into consideration. Fig. 1 shows an intersection of two circular alignments of radii R1 and R2, with the necessary flared paved areas to accomplish the right turns. Each one of the quadrants reflects a different geometric situation and three different cases taking into account the concavity or convexity of the alignments: convex-convex, concave-concave, and convex-concave. The calculation of the paved areas must be accomplished in function to the radii and the angle values. Convex-Convex Quadrant The calculation of the paved areas can be accomplished by the division in simple geometric figures and the application of angle values that are represented in Fig. 2. The representative lengths of each one of the sections from the
The cadherin‐like protein is essential to specificity determination and cytotoxic action of the Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal CryIAa toxin (1999)

The Bacillus thuringiensis CryIAa toxin binds a cadherin-like protein (BtR175) on the brush-border membranes of the Bombyx mori midgut columnar cells, which are the targets. By introducing the BtR175 gene with a baculovirus, Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells expressed BtR175 protein on the cell membrane and became susceptible to the CryIAa toxin. The toxin bound the cadherin repeat adjacent to the membrane and made a pore that passed inorganic ions, causing the cell to swell and burst. This was not observed with a BtR175 variant lacking the toxin-binding site. This in vitro experiment mimicked the specific insecticidal action of the toxin in vivo well.