gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytokine-induced translocation of GRP78 to the plasma membrane triggers a pro-apoptotic feedback loop in pancreatic beta cells (2019)

The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is an ubiquitously expressed endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, with a central role in maintaining protein homeostasis. Recently, an alternative role for GRP78 under stress conditions has been proposed, with stress-induced extracellular secretion and translocation of GRP78 to the cell surface where it acts as a multifunctional signaling receptor. Here we demonstrate translocation of GRP78 to the surface of human EndoC-βH1 cells and primary human islets upon cytokine exposure, in analogy to observations in rodent INS-1E and MIN6 beta cell lines. We show that GRP78 is shuttled via the anterograde secretory pathway, through the Golgi complex and secretory granules, and identify the DNAJ homolog subfamily C member 3 (DNAJC3) as a GRP78-interacting protein that facilitates its membrane translocation. Evaluation of downstream signaling pathways, using N- and C-terminal anti-GRP78 blocking antibodies, demonstrates that both GRP78 signaling domains initiate pro-apoptotic signaling cascades in beta cells. Extracellular GRP78 itself is identified as a ligand for cell surface GRP78 (sGRP78), increasing caspase 3/7 activity and cell death upon binding, which is accompanied by enhanced Chop and Bax mRNA expression. These results suggest that inflammatory cytokines induce a self-destructive pro-apoptotic feedback loop through the secretion and membrane translocation of GRP78. This proapoptotic function distinguishes the role of sGRP78 in beta cells from its reported anti-apoptotic and proliferative role in cancer cells, opening the road for the use of compounds that block sGRP78 as potential beta cell-preserving therapies in type 1 diabetes.
Data from Bavituximab Decreases Immunosuppressive Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Patients (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;We evaluated the efficacy of bavituximab—a mAb with anti-angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties—in newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma (GBM) who also received radiotherapy and temozolomide. Perfusion MRI and myeloid-related gene transcription and inflammatory infiltrates in pre-and post-treatment tumor specimens were studied to evaluate on-target effects (NCT03139916).&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Thirty-three adults with &lt;i&gt;IDH&lt;/i&gt;--wild-type GBM received 6 weeks of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, followed by 6 cycles of temozolomide (C1-C6). Bavituximab was given weekly, starting week 1 of chemoradiotherapy, for at least 18 weeks. The primary endpoint was proportion of patients alive at 12 months (OS-12). The null hypothesis would be rejected if OS-12 was ≥72%. Relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and vascular permeability (Ktrans) were calculated from perfusion MRIs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor tissue were analyzed pre-treatment and at disease progression using RNA transcriptomics and multispectral immunofluorescence for myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and macrophages.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;The study met its primary endpoint with an OS-12 of 73% (95% confidence interval, 59%–90%). Decreased pre-C1 rCBF (HR, 4.63; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.029) and increased pre-C1 Ktrans were associated with improved overall survival (HR, 0.09; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.005). Pre-treatment overexpression of myeloid-related genes in tumor tissue was associated with longer survival. Post-treatment tumor specimens contained fewer immunosuppressive MDSCs (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01).&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Bavituximab has activity in newly diagnosed GBM and resulted in on-target depletion of intratumoral immunosuppressive MDSCs. Elevated pre-treatment expression of myeloid-related transcripts in GBM may predict response to bavituximab.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Development of a TEM Optical System for the Atomic-Resolution Magnetic-Field-Free Electron Microscope (2023)

Journal Article Development of a TEM Optical System for the Atomic-Resolution Magnetic-Field-Free Electron Microscope Get access T Maekawa, T Maekawa JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo, Japan Corresponding author: tmaekawa@jeol.co.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y Kohno, Y Kohno JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S Morishita, S Morishita JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Arakawa K Arakawa Next Generation TATARA Co-Creation Centre (NEXTA), Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 29, Issue Supplement_1, 1 August 2023, Pages 2071–2072, https://doi.org/10.1093/micmic/ozad067.1072 Published: 22 July 2023
Large field-induced-strain at high temperature in ternary ferroelectric crystals (2016)

The new generation of ternary Pb(In<sub>1/2</sub>Nb<sub>1/2</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-Pb(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-PbTiO<sub>3</sub> ferroelectric single crystals have potential applications in high power devices due to their surperior operational stability relative to the binary system. In this work, a reversible, large electric field induced strain of over 0.9% at room temperature, and in particular over 0.6% above 380 K was obtained. The polarization rotation path and the phase transition sequence of different compositions in these ternary systems have been determined with increasing electric field applied along [001] direction based on x-ray diffraction data. Thereafter, composition dependence of field-temperature phase diagrams were constructed, which provide compositional and thermal prospectus for the electromechanical properties. It was found the structural origin of the large stain, especially at higher temperature is the lattice parameters modulated by dual independent variables in composition of these ternary solid solution crystals.
What makes an image popular? (2014)

Hundreds of thousands of photographs are uploaded to the internet every minute through various social networking and photo sharing platforms. While some images get millions of views, others are completely ignored. Even from the same users, different photographs receive different number of views. This begs the question: What makes a photograph popular? Can we predict the number of views a photograph will receive even before it is uploaded? These are some of the questions we address in this work. We investigate two key components of an image that affect its popularity, namely the image content and social context. Using a dataset of about 2.3 million images from Flickr, we demonstrate that we can reliably predict the normalized view count of images with a rank correlation of 0.81 using both image content and social cues. In this paper, we show the importance of image cues such as color, gradients, deep learning features and the set of objects present, as well as the importance of various social cues such as number of friends or number of photos uploaded that lead to high or low popularity of images.
Exploring the representation capabilities of the HOG descriptor (2011)

Object recognition strategies are increasingly based on regional descriptors such as SIFT or HOG at a sparse set of points or on a dense grid of points. Despite their success on databases such as PASCAL and CALTECH, the capability of such a representation in capturing the essential object content of the image is not well-understood: How large is the equivalence class of images sharing the same HOG descriptor? Are all these images from the same object category, and if not, do the non-category images resemble random images which cannot generically arise from imaged scenes? How frequently do images from two categories share the same HOG-based representation? These questions are increasingly more relevant as very large databases such as ImageNet and LabelMe are being developed where the current object recognition strategies show limited success. We examine these questions by introducing the metameric class of moments of HOG which allows for a target image to be morphed into an impostor image sharing the HOG representation of a source image while retaining the initial visual appearance. We report that two distinct images can be made to share the same HOG representation when the overlap between HOG patches is minimal, and the success of this method falls with increasing overlap. This paper is therefore a step in the direction of developing a sampling theorem for representing images by HOG features.
Supplemental Movie 1 from AXL Inhibition Sensitizes Mesenchymal Cancer Cells to Antimitotic Drugs (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Timelapse movie of HeLa cells treated with DMSO.&lt;/p&gt;
Regulation of protein kinase C by ionizing radiation. (1990)

Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) gene family have been shown to play an important role in tumor promotion and regulation of cell growth. Experiments were designed to examine the effects of different qualities of ionizing radiation administered at a variety of doses and dose rates on the expression of PKC-specific mRNA in confluent Syrian hamster embryo cells. The results of these experiments showed that low-linear energy of transfer (LET) radiations (such as X-rays and gamma-rays) can induce increased expression of PKC mRNA within 1 h after radiation exposure. Levels of expression of PKC mRNA were increased 4- to 6-fold over unirradiated controls. Dose effects were evident, with increased accumulation of PKC mRNA at higher doses (ranging from 6 to 200 cGy). Induction of PKC mRNA occurred at a time when total cellular transcription was reduced following irradiation. Similar exposure of the cells to fission spectrum JANUS neutrons, however, had little effect on PKC mRNA expression. Modest induction (2-fold compared to untreated cells) occurred when irradiations were at very low dose rates (0.5 cGy/min). These results suggest that induction of PKC mRNA may be a step in the transformation process caused by ionizing radiation. In addition, they demonstrate that different qualities of radiation may regulate PKC differently.
Joint design method based on factorized representation of plant and controller of 2-DOF control system (2000)

Most previous joint model identification and control design methods are not applicable to unstable plants because the identified plant model is usually used as the design parameter. We (1997) have previously analyzed the internal structure of 2-DOF control system using a coprime factorization on RH, and shown that two free parameters, K and Q /spl epsiv/ RH/sub /spl infin//, specify the tracking performance and the feedback performance, respectively. Tay et al. have proposed a parametrization of the plant dynamics by switching the role of the controlled plant and the controller, and introduced a free parameter R /spl epsiv/ RH/sub /spl infin//. In this paper, we propose a new joint design strategy based on the identification of R and the design of Q. Since the identified plant parameter R is always stable, the proposed joint design strategy can be applied to a wider class than (including unstable plants) the conventional joint design method. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed method is verified by some simulations.
Magnetic Sensors Based on AMR Effect in LSMO Thin Films (2017)

In this paper, the potentialities of the manganese oxide compound La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) for the realization of sensitive room temperature magnetoresistive sensors are discussed. LSMO films deposited on various types of substrates having different magnetic anisotropies were patterned to form rectangular stripes of width 100 µm and length 300 µm. It is shown that, apart from the well-known colossal magnetoresistance contribution, the anisotropic magnetoresistance effects can be used to exhibit competitive performance at room temperature benefiting from the very low noise of LSMO thin films.
Processing of double-R-loops in (CAG)·(CTG) and C9orf72 (GGGGCC)·(GGCCCC) repeats causes instability (2014)

R-loops, transcriptionally-induced RNA:DNA hybrids, occurring at repeat tracts (CTG)n, (CAG)n, (CGG)n, (CCG)n and (GAA)n, are associated with diseases including myotonic dystrophy, Huntington's disease, fragile X and Friedreich's ataxia. Many of these repeats are bidirectionally transcribed, allowing for single- and double-R-loop configurations, where either or both DNA strands may be RNA-bound. R-loops can trigger repeat instability at (CTG)·(CAG) repeats, but the mechanism of this is unclear. We demonstrate R-loop-mediated instability through processing of R-loops by HeLa and human neuron-like cell extracts. Double-R-loops induced greater instability than single-R-loops. Pre-treatment with RNase H only partially suppressed instability, supporting a model in which R-loops directly generate instability by aberrant processing, or via slipped-DNA formation upon RNA removal and its subsequent aberrant processing. Slipped-DNAs were observed to form following removal of the RNA from R-loops. Since transcriptionally-induced R-loops can occur in the absence of DNA replication, R-loop processing may be a source of repeat instability in the brain. Double-R-loop formation and processing to instability was extended to the expanded C9orf72 (GGGGCC)·(GGCCCC) repeats, known to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, providing the first suggestion through which these repeats may become unstable. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for R-loop-mediated instability at disease-associated repeats.
Tuning of hyperpolarizability, and one- and two-photon absorption of donor–acceptor and donor–acceptor–acceptor-type intramolecular charge transfer-based sensors (2019)

The present work aims to study the effect of solvent as well as arrangement of donor-acceptor groups on linear and non-linear optical (NLO) response properties of two experimentally studied intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT)-based fluorescent sensors. One of them (molecule 1) is a donor-acceptor (D-A) system with hemicyanine and dimethylanilino as electron withdrawing and donating groups, respectively, while the other one (molecule 3) is molecule 1 fused with a boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) moiety. BODIPY acts as the electron acceptor group of molecule 2 that as well consists of dimethylanilino as the electron donor. Density functional theory (DFT) as well as time-dependent DFT has been employed to optimize the geometry of the molecules, followed by computation of dipole moment (μ), static first hyperpolarizability (β<sub>total</sub>), and one- and two-photon absorption (TPA) strengths. The results reveal that dipole moment as well as total static first hyperpolarizability (β<sub>total</sub>) of the studied molecules is dominated by the respective components in the direction of charge transfer. The ratio of vector component of first hyperpolarizability (β<sub>vec</sub>) to β<sub>total</sub> also supports the unidirectional charge transfer in the studied systems. In molecule 3, which is a donor-acceptor-acceptor (D-A-A)-type system, the BODIPY moiety is found to play a major role in controlling the NLO response over the other acceptor group. Solvents are also found to play an important role in controlling the linear as well as NLO response of the studied systems. A significant increase in the first hyperpolarizability as well as TPA cross-section of the studied molecules is predicted due to an increase in the dielectric constant of the medium. The results presented are expected to provide a clue in tuning the NLO response of many ICT-based chromophores, especially those with D-A-A arrangements.
Parameter identifiability in a phased-subarray MIMO radar (2014)

Multiple-input multiple-output radar systems have shown great potential for better performance in detection and angular resolution and measurement accuracy. However, the implementation of a MIMO radar can create significant costs due to the ability to generate orthogonal waveforms on each transmit element. Furthermore, the design of waveforms that meet the necessary linear independence for all elements can be difficult for large arrays. A phased-subarray MIMO radar system, where not all radiating elements transmit orthogonal waveforms and all elements are steerable in terms of phase weighting, may be able to provide many of the advantages of a MIMO radar system while mitigating these system costs. One area in which the MIMO radar has shown to improve performance is in parameter indentifiability. The use of a phased-subarray MIMO radar retains much of this parameter indentifiability capability despite the lack of linear independence of the transmitting elements. Furthermore, the judicious design of the array can improve parameter identifiability.
Oxidation of hydroxymethylpyrazines and hydroxylated phenyl compounds in a gas chromatography inlet (2015)

Large proportions of aldehydes were formed when hydroxymethylpyrazines, and benzyl- and cinnamyl alcohols were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a heated inlet with a used glass inlet liner.
Spatial distribution of deoxy myoglobin in human muscle: an index of local tissue oxygenation (1999)

The proximal histidyl NdeltaH signal of myoglobin is detectable in 1H NMR spectra of myocardial and skeletal muscle, and its intensity reflects the intracellular oxygenation. At 1.5 Tesla (T), the typical field strength of clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnets, the paramagnetic relaxation contribution decreases sufficiently to permit the implementation of chemical shift imaging technique to map the spatial distribution of the deoxy Mb NdeltaH signal from human gastrocnemius muscle. One and two-dimensional chemical shift imaging experiments reveal clearly the localized deoxy Mb signal in muscle and consequently the spatial distribution of the cellular oxygenation. The results indicate the feasibility to assess the pO2 in tissue regions and to directly study the regulation of oxidative metabolism in human tissue.
Investigation of the Kinetics of Thermal Degradation of Commodity Plastics (1996)

Incineration or burning of plastics involves the complicated interaction of thermal degradation, pyrolysis, combustion of pyrolysis products, mass and energy transport. Essential steps in the over-all process are the thermal degradation and formation of gaseous products that determine amongst others the effective rate of combustion. This paper reports some new results for the kinetics and mechanisms of the thermal decomposition of PVC and polyamide 6. The over-all reaction rate for thermal decomposition is measured applying thermo-gravimetry (TGA) with simultaneous analysis of the evolved gases by mass spectrometry. The kinetic parameters are determined by fitting a kinetic model 10 the measured decomposition rates with the help of a direct search method. For PVC different mechanisms during the dehydrochlorination with different reaction rates may occur depending on the sample size for TGA. For polyamide 6 a single mechanism for decomposition is found.
Spectral polarization and spectral phase control of time-energy entangled photons (2007)

We demonstrate a scheme to spectrally manipulate a collinear, continuous stream of time and energy entangled photons to generate beamlike, bandwidth-limited fluxes of polarization-entangled photons with nearly degenerate wavelengths. Utilizing an ultrashort-pulse shaper to control the spectral phase and polarization of the photon pairs, we tailor the shape of the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference pattern, demonstrating the rules that govern the dependence of this interference pattern on the spectral phases of the photons. We then use the pulse shaper to generate all four polarization Bell states. The singlet state generated by this scheme forms a very robust decoherence-free subspace, extremely suitable for long-distance fiber-optics-based quantum communication.
Platelet receptors and patient responses: The contributions of Professor Stan Heptinstall to platelet research (2015)

Stan Heptinstall's contributions to platelet research covered organising meetings at the national and European level as well as starting and maintaining the journal "Platelets". The major part of his research addressed problems of inhibition of platelet receptors and the effects of this on patient health. In particular, the effects of P2Y12 inhibitors on patients with acute cardiovascular problems were a major focus. Other studies included the effects of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) extracts on platelets, of direct anti-IIb/IIIa receptor (αIIbβ3) inhibitors and of prostanoids on platelet function. Recently, methods for assessing the effectiveness of platelet inhibition were investigated.
Ciprofloxacin for the treatment of chronic ear disease (1989)

The treatment of chronic ear disease is often difficult and frustrating. Patients typically present with a history of chronic, persistent otorrhea that has failed to respond to multiple topical and oral antibiotics. Organisms that are resistant to multiple antibiotics are common. Ciprofloxacin has been shown to be effective against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. To evaluate the role of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of chronic ear disease, 21 patients who failed routine therapy for chronic ear disease were prospectively treated with oral ciprofloxacin. Prior to therapy, all ear cultures grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus or other gram-negative organisms. Ninety-five percent of patients completing therapy showed either improvement or cure. Only one patient failed to improve. Ciprofloxacin has been shown to be effective in the management of chronic ear disease.
A polymer electrolyte with high luminous transmittance and low solar throughput: Polyethyleneimine-lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide with In2O3:Sn nanocrystals (2012)

Chemically prepared ∼13-nm-diameter nanocrystals of In2O3:Sn were included in a polyethyleneimine-lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide electrolyte and yielded high haze-free luminous transmittance and strong near-infrared absorption without deteriorated ionic conductivity. The optical properties could be reconciled with effective medium theory, representing the In2O3:Sn as a free electron plasma with tin ions screened according to the random phase approximation corrected for electron exchange. This type of polymer electrolyte is of large interest for opto-ionic devices such as laminated electrochromic smart windows.
Markers of cellular senescence. Telomere shortening as a marker of cellular senescence (2016)

The cellular senescence definition comes to the fact of cells irreversible proliferation disability. Besides the cell cycle arrest, senescent cells go through some morphological, biochemical, and functional changes which are the signs of cellular senescence. The senescent cells (including replicative senescence and stress-induced premature senescence) of all the tissues look alike. They are metabolically active and possess the set of characteristics in vitro and in vivo, which are known as biomarkers of aging and cellular senescence. Among biomarkers of cellular senescence telomere shortening is a rather elegant frequently used biomarker. Validity of telomere shortening as a marker for cellular senescence is based on theoretical and experimental data.
THE INTERACTION OF CHERN-SIMONS VORTICES (1991)

We study the interaction between two vortices in the Abelian Higgs model with an added term of the Chern-Simons form. We argue that our results may be relevant to the physics of high temperature superconductors, and suggest possible experimental tests of this theory.