gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graceful Convergence in Link-State IP Networks: A Lightweight Algorithm Ensuring Minimal Operational Impact (2013)

The use of real-time multimedia or mission-critical applications over IP networks puts strong pressure on service providers to operate disruption-free networks. However, after any topological change, link-state Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs), such as IS-IS or OSPF, enter a convergence phase during which transient forwarding loops may occur. Such loops increase the network latency and cause packet losses. In this paper, we propose and evaluate an efficient algorithm aimed at avoiding such traffic disruptions without modifying these IGPs. In case of an intentional modification of the weight of a link (e.g., to shut it down for maintenance operations or to perform traffic engineering), our algorithm iteratively changes this weight, splitting the modification into a sequence of loop-free transitions. The number of weight increments that need to be applied on the link to reach its target state is minimized in order to remain usable in existing networks. Analysis performed on inferred and real Internet service provider (ISP) topologies shows that few weight increments are required to handle most link shutdown events (less than two intermediate metrics for more than 85% of the links). The evaluation of our implementation also reveals that these minimal sequences can be computed in a reasonable time.
Recovering Observability via Active Sensing (2018)

Observability is a formal property of a system that ensures the ability to estimate the system's states from output measurements and knowledge of the inputs. In engineering, sensors are typically designed and deployed to guarantee observability irrespective of the control input, thereby simplifying control systems design. Here, we consider a class of nonlinear sensors that require `persistently exciting' control inputs to maintain observability. This choice of sensor models is motivated by biological sensing systems which `adapt' to constant stimuli, giving them a very high dynamic range, but leading to a phenomenon known as perceptual fading. To prevent perceptual fading, animals employ active sensing in the form of time-varying motor commands that continually stimulate sensory receptors. To capture this phenomenon, we introduce a simplified sensor model that requires active sensing inputs to maintain observability. Under certain assumptions, the input-output characteristics of the active sensing system is shown to be equivalent to an observable linear time-invariant (LTI) system. Using the framework of Harmonic Transfer Functions, the equivalent system is identified by (1) modulating the system via a sinusoidal active input, (2) demodulating the resulting output, and (3) low-pass filtering. This relatively simple framework for active sensing may pave the way for the design and deployment of adaptive sensory systems for engineering applications.
Soft Tissue Management in Natural Dentition (2022)

With the new workshop of 2017, new evidence has been corroborated for the importance of soft tissue presence, in particular keratinized tissue, for establishing a long-term periodontal health. That's on one side and on the other the importance of newly established phenotype and the importance of diagnosing it properly before any treatment due to effect of all the discipline of dentistry. In this chapter, we also have covered all the treatment modalities and the important points that lead to the success of each.
Modulating hip stiffness with a robotic exoskeleton immediately changes gait (2020)

Restoring healthy kinematics is a critical component of assisting and rehabilitating impaired locomotion. Here we tested whether spatiotemporal gait patterns can be modulated by applying mechanical impedance to hip joints. Using the Samsung GEMS-H exoskeleton, we emulated a virtual spring (positive and negative) between the user's legs. We found that applying positive stiffness with the exoskeleton decreased stride time and hip range of motion for healthy subjects during treadmill walking. Conversely, the application of negative stiffness increased stride time and hip range of motion. These effects did not vary over long nor short repeated exposures to applied stiffness. In addition, minimal transient behavior was observed in spatiotemporal measures of gait when the stiffness controller transitioned between on and off states. These results suggest that changes in gait behavior induced by applying hip stiffness were purely a mechanical effect. Together, our findings indicate that applying mechanical impedance using lower-limb assistive devices may be an effective, minimally-encumbering intervention to restore healthy gait patterns.
Efficient Synthesis of Hydroxylated Polyethylene via Copolymerization of Ethylene with 5-Norbornene-2-methanol using Bis(β-enaminoketonato)titanium Catalysts (2011)

The copolymerizations of ethylene with 5-norbornene-2-methanol (NBM) using bis(β-enaminoketonato)titanium complexes [RNC(CH3)CHCO(CF3)]2TiCl2 [1a: R = Ph, 1b: R = C6H4Me(p), 1c: R = C6H4tBu(p), 1d: R = C6H4F(p), 1e: R = C6H4Me(o)] and [R2NC(CF3)CHCO(R1)]2TiCl2 [2a: R1 = Ph, R2 = Ph; 2b: R1 = Ph, R2 = C6H4Me(p); 2c: R1 = Ph, R2 = C6H4tBu(p); 2d: R1 = Ph, R2 = C6H4F(p); 2e: R1 = C6H4Me(p), R2 = Ph] have been investigated. By optimizing the catalyst structures and polymerization conditions, outstanding catalytic activity and efficient polar comonomer incorporation have been achieved. Catalysts 1b,c and 2b,c with electron-donating groups (Me and tBu) display improved tolerance toward polar group, exhibiting higher catalytic activities. Among these catalysts, 1b produced the copolymer with the highest NBM incorporation. Using Et2AlCl as the pretreated reagent, the high NBM incorporation up to 22.0 mol % with a catalytic activity of 700 kg/molTi·h has been achieved by catalyst 1b. DFT calculations have been utilized to explain the high catalytic activity and efficient comonomer incorporation in the present catalyst system. The alternating ethylene–NBM sequence can be detected at high NBM incorporation, as demonstrated by 13C NMR (DEPT) spectra.
Effects of Polyethylene Glycol on Development of Grape (Vitis vinifera L. `Thompson Seedless') Somatic Embryos (1998)

Torpedo-stage somatic embryos were selected from actively growing cultures and trasferred to embryo maintenance medium [MS with (per liter) 412.5 mg NH 4 NO 3 , 475 mg KNO 3 , 1 g myo -inositol, 90 g sucrose, 2 g activated charcoal, and 7 g TC agar] supplemented with either 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, or 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG) for 4, 8, or 12 weeks. Embryos placed on treatment media were transferred directly to grape somatic embryo germination medium [MS with (per liter) 1 g myo -inositol, 30 g sucrose, 1 M benzyladenine, and 7 g TC agar] once their PEG treatment was terminated. The number of embryos that germinated was recorded 4 weeks after transfer to somatic embryo germination medium. The number of germinated embryos that differentiated into plants was recorded at 8 weeks. There was no difference in germination rates and embryo differentiation among embryos incubated on medium with or without PEG for 4 weeks. A difference in embryo growth rate was observed after 8 weeks on medium with PEG. Embryo grew fastest on media containing 5% or 7.5% PEG. In addition, embryos grown on medium with 5% or 7.5% PEG were morphologically similar to zygotic embryos.
Effects and loss of lead in doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O films (1989)

Films of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O, with and without lead doping, were prepared by rf magnetron sputtering of oxide targets. The films were annealed in oxygen for varying durations and characterized by electron microprobe and x-ray diffraction. The results show a drastic loss of lead during annealing. Films with the lead-enhanced Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy (2223) phase had no detectable lead after annealing. The films were seen to grow in stages of 2201, 2212, and finally 2223 phases. The lead affected film development through these stages.
Clonal variation in cultured neuroblastoma cells. I. Isolation and characterization of variants (1981)

Two spontaneously arising variant clones were selected from the N18 neuroblastoma cell line solely on the basis of their flattened morphology and tight adherence to the culture flask. Two other clones having the round loosely adherent morphology typical of the parent line were also selected, and flat variants were shown to arise in them upon prolonged cultivation. The flat variant clones have slower growth rates in culture, lower cloning efficiencies in suspension, and reduced acetylcholinesterase inducibility when compared with either the parent N18 line or the round cell clones. Cells of both morphologic types have high levels of plasminogen activator and are tumorigenic, although the variants have a slower growth rate in vivo, consistent with their slower growth rate in culture. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total protein from the two cell types shows that the flat variants have increased amounts of a 200,000 molecular weight polypeptide that has tentatively been identified as the heavy chain of myosin. Round morphological revertants from one of the flat variant clones exhibited growth characteristics typical of the parent N18 line, but their content of myosin heavy chain, although reduced, was not so low as that in the round cell clones originally isolated. The possibility of a causal relationship between flat morphology, reduced suspension cloning efficiency, and increased content of myosin heavy chain is discussed.
Postpartum hemorrhagic shock resulting in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura–hemolytic uremic syndrome (2003)

Thrombotic microangiopathies may be initiated by a number of antecedent events. When presented with postpartum hemorrhage and unexplained thrombocytopenia, it is prudent to consider microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in the differential diagnosis. A 25-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, had an uncomplicated repeat Cesarean delivery at 38 weeks' gestation. She subsequently had an exploratory laparotomy for hemoperitoneum resulting from a left uterine artery laceration. On postoperative day 3, she developed thrombotic chrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome and was treated with plasma exchange therapy and dialysis. It is critical that clinicians consider this potentially fatal disease in the differential diagnosis when hemorrhagic shock is associated with unexplained thrombocytopenia, so that appropriate and early treatment may lead to a favorable outcome.
Supplementary Movie S2 from Aggressive Progression in Glioblastoma Cells through Potentiated Activation of Integrin α5β1 by the Tenascin-C–Derived Peptide TNIIIA2 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Time lapse evaluation of cell scattering (TNIIIA2)&lt;/p&gt;
DNA-Templated N(Me)-Alkoxyamine Glycosylation (2018)

The potential of N(Me)-alkoxyamine glycosylation as a DNA-templated ligation has been studied. On a hairpin stem-template model, a notable rate enhancement and an increased equilibrium yield are observed compared to the corresponding reaction without a DNA catalyst. The N-glycosidic connection is dynamic at pH 5, whereas it becomes irreversible at pH 7. The N(Me)-alkoxyamine glycosylation may hence be an attractive pH controlled reaction for the assembly of DNA-based dynamic products.
Assumption of Risk—Hockey Injuries (1989)

Before any recovery for injury can be obtained through litigation, a prerequisite must be attached to the original action in that there must be a duty owed by the defendant to the injured party (plaintiff). If there is any culpable conduct that is attributable to the injured party (or to the decedent), contributory negligence or assumption of risk is taken into account but does not bar recovery. Although the assumption of risk is a valid defense in an action in which a hockey player is injured, there are many areas that must be investigated relating to the conduct of the injured party. Issues relating to the duties owed to the participants in the sport by the owner of a hockey rink as to possible defective conditions and the participants' right to obtain redress because of defectively designed equipment must be fully investigated and documented prior to placing fault. There are many risks assumed by a hockey player. Some of the variables relating to the risks depend upon the exercise of reasonable care, the degree of awareness of the common hazards, and the condition of the rink and its surroundings, as well as the type of protective equipment issued and worn by the player. As a result of the advances in technology over the last decade, there has been a decrease in the number of injuries. However, even with the new proposal for standard practices for ice hockey playing facilities which was drafted this year, the number of injuries reported will probably remain at approximately the same level unless state-of-the-art technology in bio-mechanics and materials science is applied to established guidelines for the protective equipment of the player and the vertical enclosure surrounding the hockey rink.
hsa_circ_0001610 knockdown modulates miR‐646‐STAT3 axis to suppress endometrial carcinoma progression (2021)

circ_0001610 knockdown represses EC progression through modulating the miR-646-STAT3 axis.
CC chemokine receptor 10 cell surface presentation in melanocytes is regulated by the novel interaction partner S100A10 (2016)

The superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) conveys signals in response to various endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Consequently, GPCRs are the most important drug targets. CCR10, the receptor for the chemokines CCL27/CTACK and CCL28/MEC, belongs to the chemokine receptor subfamily of GPCRs and is thought to function in immune responses and tumour progression. However, there is only limited information on the intracellular regulation of CCR10. We find that S100A10, a member of the S100 family of Ca(2+) binding proteins, binds directly to the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of CCR10 and that this interaction regulates the CCR10 cell surface presentation. This identifies S100A10 as a novel interaction partner and regulator of CCR10 that might serve as a target for therapeutic intervention.
Rhenium-catalyzed synthesis of indene derivatives via C-H bond activation (2008)

Abstract Rhenium complex, [ReBr(CO) 3 (thf)] 2 -catalyzed reactions between aromatic imines and either acetylenes or α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds gave indene derivatives in good to excellent yields. These reactions proceed via C-H bond activation, insertion of acetylenes or α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization, and reductive elimination. Indene derivatives were also obtained from aromatic ketones and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the presence of catalytic amounts of the rhenium complex and p -anisidine. Sequential ruthenium-catalyzed hydroamination of aromatic acetylenes with anilines, and rhenium-catalyzed reactions of the formed aromatic ketimines with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds also provided indene derivatives.
The angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist telmisartan inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth of esophageal adenocarcinoma via the AMPKα/mTOR pathwayin vitroandin vivo (2016)

Telmisartan, a widely used antihypertensive drug, is an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB). This drug inhibits cancer cell proliferation, but the underlying mechanisms in various cancers, including esophageal cancer, remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of telmisartan on human esophageal cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We assessed the effects of telmisartan on human esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cells using the cell lines OE19, OE33, and SKGT-4. Telmisartan inhibited the proliferation of these three cell lines via blockade of the G0 to G1 cell cycle transition. This blockade was accompanied by a strong decrease in cyclin D1, cyclin E, and other cell cycle-related proteins. Notably, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, a fuel sensor signaling pathway, was enhanced by telmisartan. Compound C, which inhibits the two catalytic subunits of AMPK, enhanced the expression of cyclin E, leading to G0/G1 arrest in human EAC cells. In addition, telmisartan reduced the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (p-EGFR) and ERBB2 in vitro. In our in vivo study, intraperitoneal injection of telmisartan led to a 73.2% reduction in tumor growth in mice bearing xenografts derived from OE19 cells. Furthermore, miRNA expression was significantly altered by telmisartan in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, telmisartan suppressed human EAC cell proliferation and tumor growth by inducing cell cycle arrest via the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
Fe-Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction in PEMFCs Using Ballmilled Graphite Powder as a Carbon Support (2008)

Active Fe-based electrocatalysts were prepared using ballmilled graphite powder as a carbon support. The best performing catalysts were achieved by acid-washing, iron-loading, and pyrolyzing the ballmilled graphite powders. Only of ballmilling was required to produce optimal catalytic activity. High-energy ballmilling of pristine graphite powder under nitrogen was shown to reduce crystallite size, increase nitrogen content, increase surface area, increase degree of disorder, and inevitably introduce metallic impurities. Acid-washing treatment of ballmilled graphite powders reduced, but did not completely eliminate, metallic impurities. Iron enrichment and pyrolysis of acid-washed, ballmilled graphite powder was shown to increase catalytic activity, have little effect on crystallite size, increase surface area, and decrease degree of disorder. It was found that catalytic activity increases as crystallite size decreases, degree of disorder and nitrogen content increase, and micropore specific surface area increases. Fuel cell test results have shown that the order of increasing maximum power density follows the order of increasing catalytic activity. Interestingly, the optimal crystallite size parameter and maximum activity for catalysts made with either ballmilled graphite powder or carbon black is almost the same.
Supplementary Figure Legend from REST Negatively and ISGF3 Positively Regulate the Human <i>STAT1</i> Gene in Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 167K&lt;/p&gt;
An integrated FSK-signaling scheme for OFDM-based advanced cellular radio (2002)

Future broadband picocellular networks demand powerful modulation and coding methods under the tight constraints of affordable modem complexity and low power consumption for the mobile terminal (MT). In order to increase battery life and allow low-cost mobile equipment to be effectively integrated in such a broadband system we propose the use of a separate low-rate signaling channel (SSC) on the physical layer. This additional channel has the primary function of power saving. For this purpose it takes on connection and mobility control functions as well as further tasks on broadcasting and synchronization. A new concept of a broadband TDMA system is presented, incorporating OFDM for the physical high rate data channel (D-channel) and CPFSK modulation with non-coherent detection for the low-rate SSC, whereby both channels are separated in frequency. Modem and system design issues are discussed and evaluated by simulation.
Lipid Digestion and Absorption (1983)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Current Approaches to Identify and Evaluate Cancer Biomarkers for Patient Stratification (2012)

The requirement for more effective treatments for cancer is highlighted by the failure rate of many therapies, thereby necessitating more “targeted” approaches, based on an understanding of the molecular features of the individual cancer and patient status at time of diagnosis and treatment. Whether treatment is based on surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy, or gene or immunotherapy, a proportion of patients will fail to respond and progress their disease. In this review we have focused on breast cancer as a heterogeneous disease where a need to stratify “low” from “high” risk patients and therapy “responders” from “nonresponders” is apparent. The application of high-throughput technologies results in a complexity of molecular features that requires bioinformatic data mining to identify important genotypic and proteomic traits associated with clinical utility. The potential combination of “omic” platforms provides an attractive means of gaining knowledge of the main characteristics associated with patient status.
Detection of innate immune response modulating impurities (IIRMI) in therapeutic peptides and proteins: Impact of excipients (2022)

Unintended immunogenicity can affect the safety and efficacy of therapeutic proteins and peptides, so accurate assessments of immunogenicity risk can aid in the selection, development, and regulation of biologics. Product- and process- related impurities can act as adjuvants that activate the local or systemic innate immune response increasing the likelihood of product immunogenicity. Thus, assessing whether products have innate immune response modulating impurities (IIRMI) is a key component of immunogenicity risk assessments. Identifying trace levels of individual IIRMI can be difficult and testing individually for all potential impurities is not feasible. Therefore, to mitigate the risk, cell-based assays that use human blood cells or monocyte-macrophage reporter cell lines are being developed to detect minute quantities of impurities capable of eliciting innate immune activation. As these are cell-based assays, there is concern that excipients could blunt the cell responses, masking the presence of immunogenic IIRMI. Here, we explore the impact of frequently used excipients (non-ionic detergents, sugars, amino acids, bulking agents) on the sensitivity of reporter cell lines (THP-1- and RAW-Blue cells) and fresh human blood cells to detect purified TLR agonists as model IIRMI. We show that while excipients do not modulate the innate immune response elicited by TLR agonists <i>in vivo</i>, they can impact on the sensitivity of cell-based IIRMI assays. Reduced sensitivity to detect LPS, FSL-1, and other model IIRMI was also evident when testing 3 different recombinant drug products, product A (a representative mAb), B (a representative growth factor), C (a representative peptide), and their corresponding formulations. These results indicate that product formulations need to be considered when developing and validating cell-based assays for assessing clinically relevant levels of IIRMI in therapeutic proteins. Optimization of reporter cells, culture conditions and drug product concentration appear to be critical to minimize the impact of excipients and attain sensitive and reproducible assays.