gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Oligophenylene-Substituted Calix[4]crown-4s and Their Silver(I) Ion-Induced Nanocones Formation (2006)

A novel series of oligophenylene OPP(n)-substituted calix[4]crown-4s bearing up to three phenylene units, 1a-d, has been efficiently synthesized by means of either microwave-assisted or silver(I) ion-assisted Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling of tetraiodocalix[4]crown-4 and the corresponding oligophenylboronic acids. Complexation of OPP(n)-substituted calix[4]crown-4s with silver (I) ion was substantiated by 1H NMR spectroscopic and high-resolution ESI- or MALDI-TOF- MS studies. The weak binding affinities of OPP(n)-substituted calix[4]crown-4s for silver (I) ion, which were estimated from 1H NMR titrations with binding association in the range of 30-90 M(-1), allows reversible disassembling in the presence of KI at ambient temperature. Remarkably, the single-crystal X-ray structures of OPP(n)-calix[4]crown-4.Ag+ complexes indicate the atypical silver (I) ion-crown ether binding mode resulting in the formation of rigid nanocones with volume created up to approximately 1500 A(3). Our results suggested that despite the weak binding affinity of crown ether ligands for silver (I) ion, this weak interaction is still be useful as a tool to construct supramolecular architectures.
Nucleophilic addition and substitution reactions on the sulfur atoms bound to two Ir atoms. Conversion of a hydrosulfido complex [(η5-C5Me5)2Ir2(μ-SH)3]Cl into a series of diiridium complexes with bridging thiolato ligands (2002)

The hydrosulfido-bridged diiridium complex [Cp*Ir(μ-SH)3IrCp*]Cl 2 (Cp* = η5-C5Me5) reacted with an excess of CH2CHX (X = COMe, SO2Ph, COOMe, CN) in the presence of NEt3 (4 equiv) in MeCN to afford the diiridium complexes [Cp*Ir(μ-SCH2CH2X)3IrCp*]Cl 4, which contain three bridging thiolato ligands derived from the Michael addition of the μ-SH ligands in 2 to the activated alkenes. In contrast, when only 2 equiv of CH2CHX (X = SO2Ph, CN) were allowed to react with 2 under analogous conditions, sulfido–thiolato complexes [Cp*Ir(μ-S)(μ-SCH2CH2X)2IrCp*] 5 were obtained exclusively. Reaction of 5d (X = CN) with neat ClCH2CH2Cl and that of 2 with CH2CHCN in ClCH2CH2Cl in the presence of NEt3 both gave a mixed-thiolato complex [Cp*Ir(μ-SCH2CH2Cl)(μ-SCH2CH2CN)2IrCp*]Cl 6. Diiridium complexes with bridging dithiolato ligands were also obtainable from 2, which include [Cp*Ir(μ-SCH2CH2S)(μ-SCH2CH2Cl)IrCp*]Cl 7 from the reaction with ClCH2CH2Cl/NEt3 along with [Cp*Ir{μ-SCH2CH2CH(OH)S}(μ-SCH2CH2CHO)IrCp*]Cl and [Cp*Ir{μ-SCHPhCH2CH(OH)S}(μ-S)IrCp*] 9 afforded by treatment with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes CH2CHCHO and PhCHCHCHO, respectively. Reaction of 2 with ethylene sulfide in the presence of NEt3 also yielded a diiridium complex with bridging dithiolato ligands [Cp*Ir(μ-SCH2CH2S)2IrCp*] 10. Detailed structures have been determined by X-ray analyses for 4b (X = SO2Ph), 5d, 9, and 10, as well as the PF6 salts of 6 and 7.
Indirect adaptive pole-placement control of MIMO stochastic systems: self-tuning results (2002)

We consider indirect adaptive pole-placement control (APPC) of linear multivariable stochastic systems. We propose a nonminimal but otherwise uniquely identifiable overlapping parameterization instead of the minimal representation used in current literature. Requiring less restrictive prior information than observability (and controllability) indices, this parameterization is more appropriate for multivariable ARMAX model representations. It is shown that by using the stochastic gradient (SG) identification method, and with sufficient external excitation. The parameter estimates are strongly consistent for all intial conditions. Moreover, under more restrictive assumptions and minor modification, the MIMO adaptive pole-placement controller is globally, asymptotically self-tuning even in the absence of external excitation. These represent the most complete study of stochastic multivariable APPC systems so far.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mechanical and Repeated Antimicrobial Therapy Using a Local Drug Delivery System in the Treatment of Peri‐Implantitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2008)

The use of a repeated local antibiotic as an adjunct to the mechanical treatment of peri-implantitis lesions demonstrated improvements in probing depths that were significantly different from controls and were sustained for 6 months. The adjunctive use of minocycline microspheres is beneficial in the treatment of peri-implant lesions, but the treatment may have to be repeated.
Steady-state conduction in linear low-density polyethylene with Poole-lowered trap depth (1991)

Comments on a proposal of a new theory of space-charge-limited conduction, accounting for the field dependence of the detrapping parameter. One of the original authors submits his replay.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fast, robust DC and transient fault simulation for nonlinear analogue circuits (1999)

The evaluation of analogue and mixed-signal test strategies and design for test techniques requires the fault simulation of analogue circuits. The need to reduce fault simulation time for has resulted in the research into concurrent analogue fault simulation, analogous to digital fault simulation. Concurrent simulation can reduce the simulation time by avoiding repeated construction of the circuit matrix. Fault collapsing and dropping is also desirable. A robust, fast algorithm for concurrent analogue fault simulation is presented in this paper. Three techniques for the automatic dropping of faults have been addressed: a robust closeness measurement technique; a late start rule and an early stop rule. The algorithm has been successfully applied to both DC and transient analyses. A significant increase in the speed of analogue fault simulation has been obtained.
Entwicklung eines synthetischen Zugangs zu potentiellen Antibiotika auf Basis des Naturstoffs Corallopyronin A (2007)

[no abstract]
Entrevista a Antonio Skármeta, dramaturgo chileno (1984)

The nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), which play a critical role in cognitive function, are impaired early in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously demonstrated that amyloid-β (Aβ) assemblies bind to α7 nAChRs and form complexes in AD brain, suggesting that this cooperative process may contribute to disruption of synaptic function in AD. In the current study, we further characterized the interaction between different nAChR subtypes and fibrillar Aβ by binding assays in postmortem brain from AD and control cases using a wide range of drugs with different molecular targets, including selective nAChR subtype agonists, and the amyloid ligand Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) that binds with high (nanomolar) affinity to fibrillar Aβ. The α7 nAChR agonists varenicline and JN403, but not the α4β2 nAChR agonist cytisine, increased the 3H-PIB binding in autopsy tissue homogenates from AD and control frontal cortex. This effect was blocked in the presence of the α7 nAChR antagonists methyllycaconitine, α-bungarotoxin, and mecamylamine, but not by the α4β2 nAChR antagonist dihydro-β-erythroidine. Increases in (3)H-PIB binding evoked by varenicline and JN403 were also prevented by pre-incubation with another amyloid ligand, BF-227. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and allosteric nAChR modulator galantamine as well as the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor blocker memantine did not significantly alter (3)H-PIB binding levels in AD brain. The present findings further support a specific interaction between fibrillar Aβ and α7 nAChRs in the brain, suggesting that treatment with α7 nAChR stimulatory drugs can modulate Aβ/α7 nAChR pathogenic signaling mechanisms in AD brain.
TOWARDS AUTOMATING THE SELECTION OF GROUND CONTROL POINTS IN RADARSAT IMAGES USING A TOPOGRAPHIC DATABASE AND VECTOR-BASED DATA MATCHING (2002)

Although many software tools can be used to make geometric corrections and rectify images, none can efficiently select the ground control points (GCPs) needed by Radarsat users to georeference their images, rectify them and fuse these images. This paper introduces a new method to automatically identify GCPs in Radarsat images using a topographic database. First, different strategies are elaborated to fit different contexts, such as topography, cost and availability of data. These strategies are grouped into two approaches: vector-based data matching and raster-based data matching. Both approaches rely on matching feature classes, such as matching road intersections, from the image with their equivalent on the topographic database. A user of this method can easily follow the various steps of the GCPs selection process with the support of software tools. This method is illustrated using the example of selecting GCPs with the feature class water body and the vector-based matching approach.
TMC278, a Next-Generation Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI), Active against Wild-Type and NNRTI-Resistant HIV-1 (2009)

Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have proven efficacy against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). However, in the setting of incomplete viral suppression, efavirenz and nevirapine select for resistant viruses. The diarylpyrimidine etravirine has demonstrated durable efficacy for patients infected with NNRTI-resistant HIV-1. A screening strategy used to test NNRTI candidates from the same series as etravirine identified TMC278 (rilpivirine). TMC278 is an NNRTI showing subnanomolar 50% effective concentrations (EC50 values) against wild-type HIV-1 group M isolates (0.07 to 1.01 nM) and nanomolar EC50 values against group O isolates (2.88 to 8.45 nM). Sensitivity to TMC278 was not affected by the presence of most single NNRTI resistance-associated mutations (RAMs), including those at positions 100, 103, 106, 138, 179, 188, 190, 221, 230, and 236. The HIV-1 site-directed mutant with Y181C was sensitive to TMC278, whereas that with K101P or Y181I/V was resistant. In vitro, considerable cross-resistance between TMC278 and etravirine was observed. Sensitivity to TMC278 was observed for 62% of efavirenz- and/or nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 recombinant clinical isolates. TMC278 inhibited viral replication at concentrations at which first-generation NNRTIs could not suppress replication. The rates of selection of TMC278-resistant strains were comparable among HIV-1 group M subtypes. NNRTI RAMs emerging in HIV-1 under selective pressure from TMC278 included combinations of V90I, L100I, K101E, V106A/I, V108I, E138G/K/Q/R, V179F/I, Y181C/I, V189I, G190E, H221Y, F227C, and M230I/L. E138R was identified as a new NNRTI RAM. These in vitro analyses demonstrate that TMC278 is a potent next-generation NNRTI, with a high genetic barrier to resistance development.
A new tetravalent canine leptospirosis vaccine provides at least 12 months immunity against infection (2013)

A key success factor in the vaccination of dogs against leptospirosis is long term protection against establishment of the renal carrier state, in order to protect other dogs, as well as humans, against this re-emerging zoonotic disease. In this paper, we describe the ability of a new European tetravalent vaccine containing antigen from Leptospira interrogans (sensu lato) serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola, Grippotyphosa and Australis to control infection and renal excretion in dogs at 12 months after vaccination. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of all four vaccine components, four separate challenge studies were performed. For each study two groups of dogs were used (a group receiving the leptospirosis vaccine and a control group). Twelve months after the second vaccination all dogs in the vaccine and control groups were challenged, both intraperitoneally and conjunctivally, using a pathogenic challenge strain from one of four serogroups. Parameters recorded post-challenge were: clinical signs of disease, change in body temperature, total leucocyte count, thrombocyte count, presence of challenge organisms in blood, urine and kidney tissue, and evidence of interstitial nephritis at necropsy four weeks after challenge. The vaccine was able to either prevent or significantly reduce infection following challenge with the strains of all four serogroups. The vaccine was also able to prevent or significantly reduce renal infection following Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae challenge, and there was a trend of reduction of renal infection with Australis (serovar Bratislava). In the case of the Grippotyphosa study, challenge led to no detectable renal infection in any dog of the control group. In conclusion, in this study significant protective immunity was achieved in dogs 12 months after a basic vaccination schedule of two doses against strains of serogroups Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa and Australis.
A Novel Histone Deacetylase-6 Inhibitior Reveals a Potent Immunosuppressant (2014)

Background Current renal transplant immunosuppression regimens have limitations. Recent evidence suggests Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDACis) may represent a class of immunosuppressant drug with potential application toward transplantation. This study compares Cyclosporine (CyA) with non-selective HDACi suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and a novel HDAC6-specific inhibitor KAR3000 in in vitro & in vivo models of alloreactivity. Methods Proliferation & MLR-based assays were used to assess the in vitro immunosuppressive effects. Alloreactivity was measured using IFN-γ release. A murine allogeneic skin transplantation model was adopted to assess the in vivo effects of KAR3000. Results In proliferation assays, HDAC inhibition resulted in a potent inhibitory effect (KAR3000 most effective). KAR3000 had a similar effect in MLR assays. In one-way MLR, HDAC6 inhibition reduced proliferation of responder populations from 89.25% (untreated) to 65.59%. In two-way MLR, treatment with HDACi reduced IFN-γ release by 82% and 91% (SAHA & KAR3000 respectively at 1μM). Dose response curves reveal IC50 of 567nM, 13nM & 82nM for CyA, SAHA & KAR3000 respectively.Figure: No Caption available.In vivo, mice treated with KAR3000 displayed only minimal epidermal thickening & lymphocyte infiltration on histological analysis. Immunostaining revealed a statistically significant increase in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and reduction in CD4+ T cells.Figure: No Caption available.Conclusions HDACis represent a novel class of potent immunosuppressant. Those currently used clinically are generally safe & well tolerated. These data support the hypothesis that HDACis (in particular HDAC6-specific inhibition) have a role in transplantation. DISCLOSURE:Shuttleworth, S.: Stockholder, Karus Therapeutics.
G protein binding and G protein activation by nucleotide transfer involve distinct domains on tubulin: Regulation of signal transduction by cytoskeletal elements (1993)

Cytoskeletal proteins have been demonstrated to interact with elements which mediate neuronal signal transduction. This laboratory has shown that tubulin forms complexes with certain G proteins and transfers GTP to them, and such nucleotide transfer correlates well with the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. A previous study showed that tubulin-G protein complex formation occurred at regions of tubulin which were likely to be involved in binding to other tubulin dimers during the process of microtubule polymerization [Wang, N., & Rasenick, M. M. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 10957-10965]. This study represents an attempt to investigate the regions of tubulin which orchestrate the transfer of GTP from tubulin to G protein. It is demonstrated that two monoclonal antibodies, with determinants in similar regions of alpha (DM1a) or beta (DM1b) tubulin, blocked (by 70-80%) the ability of tubulin dimers (with GppNHp bound) to promote a stable inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. Under the same conditions, a polyclonal antitubulin antibody caused only a slight reduction in adenylyl cyclase inhibition. None of the antibodies altered the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase induced by GppNHp in the absence of tubulin. Under conditions where tubulin-GppNHp inhibited synaptic membrane adenylyl cyclase, tubulin dimers with the photoaffinity GTP analog azidoanilido-GTP (32P-AAGTP) bound transferred that nucleotide to G alpha i1 on the membrane. DM1a and DM1b blocked this nucleotide transfer. Similarly, tubulin-AAGTP transferred AAGTP to purified G proteins in solution and DM1a and DM1b blocked this process as well. Despite their ability to block the activation of Gi1 by tubulin, neither antibody altered the ability of tubulin to bind to native Gi alpha affixed to nitrocellulose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Functional investigation of grass carp reovirus nonstructural protein NS80 (2011)

Our results in this study together with those from previous investigations indicate the protein NS80 might play a central role in VFLS formation and viral components recruitment in GCRV particle assembly, similar to the μNS protein in ARVs and MRVs.
Wavelength-sensitive holographic optical interconnects (1991)

This paper deals with the holographic dispersion effects in a single-mode holographic waveguide interconnect system. The analysis is concentrated on the effect of wavelength shift in laser diodes due to the variation of environmental temperature.
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (2015)

It is important to realize that guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. IDSA considers adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding their application to be made by the physician in the light of each patient's individual circumstances.
Crack Problem for a Semi-Infinite Solid With Heated Bounding Surface (1977)

On the basis of the stationary two-dimensional theory of thermoelasticity, the thermal stresses near the tips of a thermally insulated line crack situated in a semi-infinite solid which is heated on a part of the bounding surface is considered. The crack is replaced by continuous distributions of temperature dislocations and edge dislocations. Then the integral equations are obtained as a system of singular integral equations with Cauchy kernels. By means of this method, the singular behavior of the thermal stresses around the crack tips is easily examined and the stress-intensity factors can be readily evaluated. Numerical results for the stress-intensity factors are plotted in terms of the geometrical parameters.
Neurotransmitters of the Olivocochlear Lateral Efferent System: With an Emphasis on Dopamine (1995)

The olivocochlear lateral efferent system (OLES) of the adult mammalian cochlea uses variety of neuroactive substances, such as acetyl choline, GABA, dopamine (DA), enkephalins, dynorphins and CGRP. These neuroactive substances have been located within the efferent, small and dense matrix, fibers and terminals of the inner spiral and tunnel bundles. However, some of these neuroactive substances have also been found outside the OLES. Acetyl choline and CGRP, for instance, appear within the olivocochlear medial efferent fibers, and DA and CGRP may also be present in the perivascular innervation. A special case is GABA innervation at the apical coil, where nerve fibers containing GABA also make synapses with OHCs bodies. All these substances of the OLES could be involved in a highly selective filter modulating the activity of primary afferent fibers. For instance, sound stimulation results in an increase of cochlear DA turnover, indicating the release of DA from OLES fibers. DA probably acts on D-2 receptors since the administration of piribedil, a D-2 agonist, results in blocking of noise effects, while D-1 receptor stimulation does not modify cochlear DA turnover induced by noise. Therefore, DA could play an important role in the modulation and noise-protection of cochlear primary afferents. During cochlear development, all the aforementioned neuroactive substances appear a long time before the onset of hearing (evidenced by the recording of cochlear compound action potential and microphonic potentials). Thus, they may act during development on the late reorganization and plasticity on the afferent and efferent fibers. Moreover, the positive neurotrophic effect observed in cultured cochlear neurons, with GABA or glutamate, add new support to that hypothesis.
Trajectories leading to autism spectrum disorders are affected by paternal age: findings from two nationally representative twin studies (2010)

Phenomena associated with paternal age are clearly involved in the trajectories leading to autistic-like traits and ASD. Mechanisms influencing the trajectories might differ between older and younger fathers. Molecular genetic studies are now needed in order to further understand the association between paternal age and ASD, as well as normal variation in social, language, and repetitive behaviors in the general population.
Un dios inseguro y roto: de la naturaleza quimérica de la ciencia o elogio del politeísmo (2012)

espanolLa construccion de una ciencia totalitaria y de una realidad objetiva desde las brumas barrocas requiere de la constitucion de un sujeto martir de las mismas, todo ello exigido, a su vez, por el modo de produccion capitalista por fin erigido en dominante. Ese sujeto y sus sintomas carnales aun somos nosotros, con adquisiciones sucesivas correspondientes a los diferentes desarrollos de dicho modo productivo. Se presentan propuestas para la liberacion de tal tirania y un gozoso vivir de la humana finitud. italianoLa creazione di una scienza totalitaria e de una realta oggettiva dalle nebbie barocche richiede l’istituzione di un proprio soggetto martire, per le richieste dal modo di produzione capitalistico, finalmente dominante. Questo e il soggetto che siamo ancora coi sui sintomi carnali, con acquisizioni successive per lo sviluppo differenti del modo produttivo. Si presentano proposte per la liberazione di tale tirannia e una vita gioiosa della finitezza umana.
RailNet: A Segmentation Network for Railroad Detection (2019)

Future trains will use more computer vision aids to help achieve fully autonomous driving. One of the most important parts of the train’s visual function is the detection of railroad obstacles. This makes it important to identify and segment the railroad region within each video frame as it allows the train to identify the driving area so that it can do effective obstacle detection. Traditional railroad detection methods rely on hand-crafted features or highly specialized equipment such as lidar, which typically require expensive equipment to be maintained and are less reliable in scene changes. RailNet is a deep learning segmentation algorithm for railroad detection for videos captured by the front-view on-board cameras. RailNet provides an end-to-end solution that combines feature extraction and segmentation. We have modified the backbone network to extract multi-convolution features and use a pyramid structure to make the features have a top-to-bottom propagation. Our model can detect the railroad without generating large numbers of regions, which greatly increases the detection speed. Tested on a railroad segmentation dataset (RSDS) which we have built, RailNet exhibits very good performance while achieving 20 frames per second processing speed.