gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser Irradiation Of An Eye Model With Single Nd:YAG Pulses Of Different Duration: An Experimental Investigation Of Optical Breakdown Thresholds (1987)

Accurate measurements of optical breakdown thresholds in liquids of interest as models for ocular media are reported, upon irradiation with single Nd:YAG laser pulses of different duration. Breakdown curves are characterized by a behaviour that varies with the pulse duration, with the liquid considered, and with the focusing conditions of the laser beam within the liquid. Physical and clinical relevance of these measurements to the technique of ophthalmic photodisruption is discussed.
Hybrid TDM-WDM EPON Repeater (2008)

We have proposed a hybrid TDM-WDM EPON repeater aggregating 16 EPONs with single fiber, and have experimentally confirmed that an extended power budget of more than 20 dB is achievable with no performance degradation.
Resonance Raman spectroscopic studies of trans-dioxorhenium(V) tetrapyridyl species (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResonance Raman spectroscopic studies of trans-dioxorhenium(V) tetrapyridyl speciesChristopher S. Johnson, Carolyn Mottley, Joseph T. Hupp, and Gerald D. DanzerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 24, 5143–5145Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00050a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00050a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Production of phenolics via photocatalysis of ball milled lignin–TiO2 mixtures in aqueous suspension (2016)

This work demonstrates the production of value added phenolics and aromatics <italic>via</italic> UV photocatalysis of lignin–TiO<sub>2</sub> mixtures prepared by wet ball milling using different solvents.
ADAPTING LABORATORY SESSIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION TO A GROWING NUMBER OF STUDENTS (2019)

The engineering educational program at
IL-33 Induces Nuocytes and Modulates Liver Injury in Viral Hepatitis (2013)

Molecules containing damage-associated molecular patterns play an important role in many pathogenic processes. In this study, our aim was to investigate the role of IL-33, a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, in adenovirus (Ad)-induced liver inflammation. Ad-infected mice exhibited a steadily increased IL-33 and its receptor IL-1R-like 1 expression in the liver during the first week of infection. Treatment of exogenous IL-33 resulted in a great decrease in the serum alanine aminotransferase levels and the number of Councilman bodies in the liver. Attenuated liver injury by IL-33 correlated with an increase in T regulatory cells but with a decrease in macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells in the liver. IL-33 enhanced both type 1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and type 2 (IL-5 and IL-13) immune responses in infected mice. However, IL-33 inhibited TNF-α expression in hepatic T cells and macrophages, and significantly reduced TNF-α levels in the liver. We found that in addition to its direct effects, IL-33 strongly induced novel nuocytes in the livers and spleens of infected mice. When cocultured with nuocytes, hepatic T cells and macrophages expressed lower levels of TNF-α. The IL-33-treated mice also demonstrated a slight delay, but no significant impairment, in eliminating an intrahepatic infection with Ad. In conclusion, this study reveals that IL-33 acts as a potent immune stimulator and a hepatoprotective cytokine in acute viral hepatitis. Its direct immunoregulatory functions and ability to induce novel nuocytes further suggest to us that it may be a potentially promising therapeutic candidate for the management of viral hepatitis.
The Low Reduced Frequency Limit of Vibrating Airfoils: Part I — Theoretical Analysis (2015)

This paper studies the unsteady aerodynamics of vibrating airfoils in the low reduced frequency regime with special emphasis in its impact on the scaling of the work per cycle curves using an asymptotic approach (Part I) and numerical simulations (Part II). A perturbation analysis of the linearized Navier-Stokes equations for real modes at low reduced frequency is presented and some conclusions are drawn. The first important result is that the loading of the airfoil plays an essential role in the trends of the phase and modulus of the unsteady pressure caused by the vibration of the airfoil. For lightly loaded airfoils the unsteady pressure and the influence coefficients scale linearly with the reduced frequency whereas the phase departs from π/2 and changes linearly with the reduced frequency. As a consequence the work-per-cycle scales linearly with the reduced frequency for any inter-blade phase angle and it is independent of its sign. For highly loaded airfoils the unsteady pressure modulus is fairly constant exhibiting only a small correction with the reduced frequency, while the phase departs from zero and varies linearly with it. In this case only the mean value of the work-per-cycle scales linearly with the reduced frequency. This behavior is independent of the geometry of the airfoil and the modeshape in first approximation. For symmetric cascades the work-per-cycle scales linearly with the reduced frequency irrespectively of whether the airfoil is loaded or not. Simulations using a frequency domain linearized Navier-Stokes solver have been carried out on a low-pressure turbine airfoil section, the NACA0012 and NACA65 profiles and a flat plate to show the generality and correctness of the analytical conclusions (Part II of the corresponding paper). Both, the traveling-wave and influence coefficient formulations of the problem are used in combination to increase the understanding and explore the nature of the unsteady pressure perturbations.
(Invited) Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Bio-Signal Classification Using Reservoir-Computing (2021)

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) emerged as a new class of devices holding great promise for applications in neuromorphic circuits. Due to the interplay of ionic and electronic conductivity, OECTs show properties of synaptic plasticity. In particular, the coupling of individual transistors through a common liquid electrolyte induces a complex non-linear dynamic response of OECT-networks, which is ideal for reservoir computing. In this contribution, we employ a densely integrated network of polymer fibers as a non-linear element for classification through reservoir computing. The polymer network is grown via field-directed electropolymerization, which enables the fabrication of fiber networks with controllable directionality and conductivity. The complex coupling between the individual fibers is employed in a delayed feedback loop to demonstrate chaotic behavior proving a sufficient level of complexity for reservoir computing. Using a benchmark ECG data set, we show that such a delayed feedback reservoir is capable of classifying heartbeat signals with excellent accuracy. The reservoir system we are proposing can be fabricated on flexible and even bio-degradable substrates using state-of-the-art printing and deposition techniques. Furthermore, the polymers in our reservoir might also be used as the active sensor materials, e.g., for ECG detection. Overall, this work shows how an organic neuromorphic system might be employed for real-time health-monitoring and power-efficient on-chip classification of bio-signals.
Production, titration, neutralisation and storage of SARS-CoV-2 lentiviral pseudotypes (2020)

This protocol details a rapid and reliable method for the production and titration of high-titer viral pseudotype particles with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (and D614G variant) on a lentiviral vector core, and use for neutralization assays in target cells expressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2. It additionally provides detailed instruction on substituting in new spike variants via gene cloning, and storage/shipping considerations for wide deployment potential. Results obtained with this protocol show that SARS-CoV-2 pseudotypes can be produced at equivalent titers to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV pseudotypes, that they can be neutralized by human convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies and that they can be stored at a range of laboratory temperatures and lyophilized for distribution.<br>
Cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinant‐specific IgE obscures true atopy and exhibits ⍺‐1,3‐fucose epitope‐specific inverse associations with asthma (2020)

CCD reactivity is not just an epiphenomenon of parasite exposure hampering specificity of allergy diagnostics; mechanistic studies should investigate whether specific CCD moieties identified here are implicated in the protective effect of certain environmental exposures against asthma.
The management of eating disorders in a fertility clinic: clinical guidelines (2001)

Although the wish for a child may be ambivalent in women with anorexia or bulimia nervosa, the prevalence of eating disorders in fertility clinics is probably underestimated. Motivated by the wish for a child, these couples may be reluctant to reveal a history of an eating disorder and/or show resistance to some therapy for this disorder. Nevertheless, in our opinion, the eating disorder must be in full remission before any fertility treatment can start, if treatment is still necessary at that moment. Illustrated with some case examples, we will discuss the major problems and clinical strategies in the management of these complex cases, based upon the experience in our own fertility clinic.
Effect of COR proteins on the freeze-induced fusion of liposomes (1993)

Although substantial progress has been made in identifying genes that are regulated during cold acclimation, with few exceptions, the function of the COR proteins encoded by these genes is not known. The objectives of this study were to determine if COR6.6 and COR15am, which are synthesized in Arabidopsis thaliana, influence the freeze-induced fusion of lipid bilayers. When small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) composed of either POPC (16:0/18:1) or DOPC (18:1/18:1) were frozen to temperatures over the range of [minus]2[degrees]C to [minus]30[degrees]C liposome fusion occurred at temperatures below [minus]2[degrees]C, with a substantial increase occurring at temperatures below the T[sub m] of the lipids ([minus]3[degrees]C for POPC and [minus]18[degrees]C for DOPC). Freeze-induced fusion was not observed SUVs composed of BL[sub 2]PC (18:2/18:2), which has a t[sub m] of [minus]55[degrees]C. Addition of either COR6.6 or COR15am significantly decreased the incidence of fusion of large unilamellar vesicles of DOPC if proteins were added to the liposome suspension before freezing; there was no effect if the COR proteins were only encapsulated within the liposomes. With SUVs formed from the total lipid extract of the plasma membrane of either non-acclimated (NA) or cold-acclimated (ACC) rye leave, there was differential response to freezing. In NA-SUVs, the incidence ofmore » fusion increased after freezing to [minus]5[degrees]C and reached a maximum at [minus]10[degrees]C; in ACC-SUVs, the maximum incidence of fusion occurred at [minus]20[degrees]C. The difference in cryostability reflects differences in the lipid composition of the plasma membrane after cold acclimation. But there was a significant decrease in the incidence of fusion in both NA- and ACC-SUVs when frozen in the presence of either COR6.6 or COR15am. Thus, although the cryostability of lipid bilayers is primarily influenced by the lipid composition of the bilayers, there is an additive effect of the COR proteins.« less
Surface oxide on thin films of yttrium hydride studied by neutron reflectometry (2012)

The applicability of standard methods for compositional analysis is limited for H-containing films. Neutron reflectometry is a powerful, non-destructive method that is especially suitable for these systems due to the large negative scattering length of H. In this work, we demonstrate how neutron reflectometry can be used to investigate thin films of yttrium hydride. Neutron reflectometry gives a strong contrast between the film and the surface oxide layer, enabling us to estimate the oxide thickness and oxygen penetration depths. A surface oxide layer of 5–10 nm thickness was found for unprotected yttrium hydride films.
Teriflunomide Mechanism of Action: Linking Species’ Sensitivities to Pregnancy Outcomes (P2.068) (2016)

Objective: To investigate inter-species differences in teriflunomide pharmacology as a possible source of discrepancies between clinical and non-clinical pregnancy outcomes. Background: Teriflunomide is a once-daily oral immunomodulator for treatment of relapsing-remitting MS. The primary mechanism of action involves selective, reversible, non-competitive inhibition of the mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Animals are generally more sensitive to teriflunomide than humans. Teriflunomide is embryo-toxic and teratogenic in rats and rabbits, and therefore contraindicated in pregnancy. Design/Methods: Teriflunomide was administered to pregnant rats or rabbits during organogenesis, and fetal examinations conducted. Data on human fetal exposure were from the clinical program. Enzyme kinetic experiments in human and animal cells provide a mechanistic rationale for differences in sensitivity to teriflunomide. Results: Fetal malformations and embryo-fetal deaths were observed when teriflunomide was administered to pregnant rats and rabbits. Animal maternal plasma exposure at the no-effect level for embryo-fetal toxicity was lower than in humans at the maximum recommended dose. As of March 12, 2015, there was no signal of human teratogenicity with teriflunomide, based on the clinical program (70 embryos exposed to teriflunomide in female patients, with 26 live births) or from postmarketing data from women with rheumatoid arthritis exposed to leflunomide, the parent compound of teriflunomide. Higher binding affinity of teriflunomide was observed for rat DHODH (Ki: 25.8nM) vs human DHODH (Ki: 1050nM). Inhibition of rat DHODH (IC50: 18nM) was more pronounced than human DHODH (IC50: 773nM). Anti-proliferative activity of teriflunomide was 145 times greater in rats than humans. Conclusions: These studies suggest differences in enzyme kinetics may be responsible for species differences in teriflunomide pharmacology, with animals being more sensitive to teriflunomide than humans. Differences in enzyme kinetics may also help explain teratogenicity observed in animals but not humans at similar exposures to date. Study supported by: Genzyme, a Sanofi company.
Truncated Hepatitis B Virus RNA in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Its Representation in Patients with Advancing Age (1999)

RNA from tissue samples of 46 HBsAg seropositive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients was analysed by an RT/PCR assay which discriminates full-length hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA polyadenylated at the unique viral poly(A) signal governing replication from truncated HBV RNA polyadenylated at a cryptic poly(A) signal. In the tumor the apparent coexistence was less frequent than in the peritumor while the predominance of one of the two RNAs was more frequent. The mean age of patients with a predominance of truncated RNA in the tumor was 9 years above those patients with a predominance of full length RNA (p < 0.05). An inverse relationship existed between the presence of truncated RNA and the presence of RNA carrying core gene sequences. The results of this study establish truncated RNA as a frequent marker of the chronic infection but leave it open whether it is found preferentially in patients developing HCC or generally in chronically infected individuals.
Growth mechanism of atomic-layer-deposited TiAlC metal gate based on TiCl 4 and TMA precursors (2016)

TiAlC metal gate for the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor (MOSFET) is grown by the atomic layer deposition method using TiCl4 and Al(CH3)3(TMA) as precursors. It is found that the major product of the TiCl4 and TMA reaction is TiAlC, and the components of C and Al are found to increase with higher growth temperature. The reaction mechanism is investigated by using x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The reaction mechanism is as follows. Ti is generated through the reduction of TiCl4 by TMA. The reductive behavior of TMA involves the formation of ethane. The Ti from the reduction of TiCl4 by TMA reacts with ethane easily forming heterogenetic TiCH2, TiCH=CH2 and TiC fragments. In addition, TMA thermally decomposes, driving Al into the TiC film and leading to TiAlC formation. With the growth temperature increasing, TMA decomposes more severely, resulting in more C and Al in the TiAlC film. Thus, the film composition can be controlled by the growth temperature to a certain extent.
Long-term Hygrothermal Performance of Sealed and Vented Attics in a Southern Climate (2023)

Sealed attics are becoming increasingly popular as the thermal and hygrothermal performance show improved attic energy efficiency and moisture durability.However, sealed attics with air and vapor permeable insulation have experienced problems in the past, resulting in building codes not allowing permeable insulations to be used.Residential building codes changed again in 2018 after research resulted in innovative solutions, such as vapor diffusion ports and controlled attic conditioning, that improved the moisture performance of sealed attics, subsequently allowing air-permeable insulation under the roof deck.However, new products and innovative solutions often face a hurdle amongst specifiers if the products or systems lack longterm experience.Seven residential attics have been instrumented and monitored for six years when exposed to a southern climate in the IECC climate zone 3A.The attics include a traditional vented attic, open-cell, and closed-cell insulated sealed attics, three with fiberglass insulation (one with cool roof shingles, one with conventional shingles, and one with a diffusion port), and additionally one insulated and vented nail-base roof deck.We evaluate the heat flows to the building through the ceiling, the humidity and moisture contents in the attic space, and the roof deck over the six years.In addition, the mold index is predicted using the hourly temperature and humidity as per ASHRAE standard 160 to assess durability.The authors present a detailed long-term field evaluation to validate past research results, simulations, and the designs by the building code and highlight the differences between the attic types.The results show the attics performing well without moisture risks as per mold index calculations and the moisture content levels.
A contoured gap coaxial plasma gun with injected plasma armature (2009)

A new coaxial plasma gun is described. The long term objective is to accelerate 100-200 microg of plasma with density above 10(17) cm(-3) to greater than 200 km/s with a Mach number above 10. Such high velocity dense plasma jets have a number of potential fusion applications, including plasma refueling, magnetized target fusion, injection of angular momentum into centrifugally confined mirrors, high energy density plasmas, and others. The approach uses symmetric injection of high density plasma into a coaxial electromagnetic accelerator having an annular gap geometry tailored to prevent formation of the blow-by instability. The injected plasma is generated by numerous (currently 32) radially oriented capillary discharges arranged uniformly around the circumference of the angled annular injection region of the accelerator. Magnetohydrodynamic modeling identified electrode profiles that can achieve the desired plasma jet parameters. The experimental hardware is described along with initial experimental results in which approximately 200 microg has been accelerated to 100 km/s in a half-scale prototype gun. Initial observations of 64 merging injector jets in a planar cylindrical testing array are presented. Density and velocity are presently limited by available peak current and injection sources. Steps to increase both the drive current and the injected plasma mass are described for next generation experiments.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Combat Exposure, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Male Twins (2014)

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease, though the pathophysiologic mechanisms remain unclear. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis. We examined whether PTSD and combat exposure were associated with CIMT in Vietnam War-era twins after controlling for shared genetic and childhood factors. Between 2002 and 2010, we studied 465 middle-aged twins from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry who were free from cardiovascular disease. PTSD was diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, and CIMT was measured by ultrasound. Mixed-effects regression models were used to examine individual, between-pair, and within-pair associations. Approximately 13% of participants met the criteria for PTSD, and 45% served in the Vietnam Theater. PTSD was associated with 32.7 μm higher CIMT (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9, 64.5) after adjustment for confounders. The average CIMT for the pair increased by 59.7 μm for each additional twin with PTSD (95% CI: 15.9, 104.2). We found no significant within-pair differences in CIMT when comparing PTSD-discordant co-twins. Results for combat exposure were similar, but its association with CIMT weakened after adjustment for PTSD (95% CI: 7.0, 45.3). Among Vietnam War-era veterans, combat exposure and PTSD are associated with CIMT, though the associations are largely mediated by shared childhood factors.
An assessment of ionic liquid mutagenicity using the Ames Test (2006)

Recent interest in ionic liquids as green replacements for volatile organic solvents has led to an abundance of rapid toxicity testing to provide guidelines for safe designer engineering and synthesis. While toxicity tests have provided a wealth of information, no studies to our knowledge have investigated the mutagenicity of ionic liquids, which should be just as important for design guidelines. Here we present the results of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Ames Test for mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 to ten ionic liquids. These include compounds with imidazolium, pyridinium and quaternary ammonium cations. Tests with these bacteria provide information on the ability of a chemical to cause frameshift and missense mutations, respectively, and can be related to higher organism carcinogenicity. Our test results indicated that none of the ten compounds tested met the US EPA criteria for mutagenicity. Two of the imidazolium cation ionic liquids indicated tendencies toward mutagenicity, but only at the highest doses.