gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) of Castor Oil from Castor Bean (2014)

The microwave extraction has attracted great interest among the researchers. The main virtue of the microwave technique is cost-effective, time saving and simple handling procedure. Castor beans was chosen because of its high content in fatty acid, especially ricinoleic acid. The purpose of this research is to extract the castor oil by using the microwave assisted extraction (MAE) using ethanol as solvent and to investigate the influence of extraction time on castor oil yield and to characterize the main composition of the produced castor oil by using the GC-MS. It was found that there is a direct dependence between the oil yield and the time of extraction as it increases from 45% to 58% as the time increase from 10 min to 60 min. The major components of castor oil detected by GC-MS were ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid.
Study of the compatibility of poly(ethylene oxide) with polyitaconates (1986)

Abstract This paper reports on the compatibility of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) towards poly(monobenzyl itaconate) (PMBzl) and poly(dibenzyl itaconate) (PDBzl) in the bulk by analyzing the melting point depression of the crystalline component and the influence of the amorphous material on the crystallization kinetics of the former. The experimental data obtained suggest compatibility for the PEO/PMBzl blend and incompatibility for the PEO/PDBzl system. This behaviour is explained by specific interactions (hydrogen bonds) between the chains, and is compared with that of other polymers with similar chemical structure.
In Vitro Propagation of the Protozoan Perkinsus Marinus, A Pathogen of the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica (1993)

ABSTRACT. Perkinsus marinus , a pathogen of eastern oysters ( Crassostrea virginica ), has been successfully propagated in vitro. Cultures of the parasite were initiated from heart fragments of an infected oyster. the cultured protozoan (designated Parkinsus ‐1) was similar in morphology at both the light and transmission electron microscopy levels to histozoic stages of P. marinus in naturally infected oysters. In addition, cultured cells incubated in fluid thioglycollate medium produced enlarged cells (prezoosporangia) that stained blue‐black in Lugol's solution, a response characteristic to Perkinsus spp. and used in routine diagnosis. Polyclonal antibodies raised against P. marinus prezoosporangia reacted positively to Perkinsus ‐1. Finally, the cultured cells infected susceptible oysters and reisolation of Perkinsus ‐1 cells was possible from the hearts of experimentally infected oysters. the culture medium contained most of the known constituents of cell‐free hemolymph of oysters. the success achieved in culturing P. marinus will allow further investigations aimed at reducing mortalities caused by this important oyster pathogen and at addressing many unanswered questions about its biology and pathobiology.
Wood Protection Trends in North America (2014)

The economic value of wood protection in North America is about 60 percent of the total worldwide market. Major recent and near term developments will likely occur mainly in the large residential market, with totally organic systems receiving more attention along with chemically-modified wood. The smaller industrial market may experience only minor additional restrictions in the near term, but several alternative systems could be developed from existing biocides. Protection of non-woody products will likely remain a relatively small market in the near term in North America. Long term trends are more difficult to predict, but we expect: 1) it is likely that the traditional three major chemicals historically employed for industrial and agricultural applications will at some point face major long-term restrictions, and 2) enacted governmental regulations will have more of an effect in new product development, and override economic considerations, in residential wood protection. The many favorable environmental, economical, and aesthetical benefits of treated wood strongly suggest that the wood protection industry will continue to be economically viable in the coming years.
Action Recognition by Learning Deep Multi-Granular Spatio-Temporal Video Representation (2016)

Recognizing actions in videos is a challenging task as video is an information-intensive media with complex variations. Most existing methods have treated video as a flat data sequence while ignoring the intrinsic hierarchical structure of the video content. In particular, an action may span different granularities in this hierarchy including, from small to large, a single frame, consecutive frames (motion), a short clip, and the entire video. In this paper, we present a novel framework to boost action recognition by learning a deep spatio-temporal video representation at hierarchical multi-granularity. Specifically, we model each granularity as a single stream by 2D (for frame and motion streams) or 3D (for clip and video streams) convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The framework therefore consists of multi-stream 2D or 3D CNNs to learn both the spatial and temporal representations. Furthermore, we employ the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks on the frame, motion, and clip streams to exploit long-term temporal dynamics. With a softmax layer on the top of each stream, the classification scores can be predicted from all the streams, followed by a novel fusion scheme based on the multi-granular score distribution. Our networks are learned in an end-to-end fashion. On two video action benchmarks of UCF101 and HMDB51, our framework achieves promising performance compared with the state-of-the-art.
Mexi - canos. Cultura mexicana y posmodernidad (2016)

El presente ensayo, de la autoría de Miguel Maldonado, relaciona el pensamiento posmoderno de Michel Maffesoli para estudiar un postulado recurrente de la cultura mexicana: el pelado. El texto desarrolla, así, la idea de una cultura anfibia para mostrar la condición ambigua del espíritu mexicano. La posmodernidad y la mexicanidad, a decir del autor, encuentran su punto de contacto en el reconocimiento ¡felizmente! de los valores premodernos.
AGEs induce ectopic endochondral ossification in intervertebral discs (2016)

Ectopic calcifications in intervertebral discs (IVDs) are known characteristics of IVD degeneration that are not commonly reported but may be implicated in structural failure and dysfunctional IVD cell metabolic responses. This study investigated the novel hypothesis that ectopic calcifications in the IVD are associated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) via hypertrophy and osteogenic differentiation. Histological analyses of human IVDs from several degeneration stages revealed areas of ectopic calcification within the nucleus pulposus and at the cartilage endplate. These ectopic calcifications were associated with cells positive for the AGE methylglyoxal-hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1). MG-H1 was also co-localised with Collagen 10 (COL10) and Osteopontin (OPN) suggesting osteogenic differentiation. Bovine nucleus pulposus and cartilaginous endplate cells in cell culture demonstrated that 200 mg/mL AGEs in low-glucose media increased ectopic calcifications after 4 d in culture and significantly increased COL10 and OPN expression. The receptor for AGE (RAGE) was involved in this differentiation process since its inhibition reduced COL10 and OPN expression. We conclude that AGE accumulation is associated with endochondral ossification in IVDs and likely acts via the AGE/RAGE axis to induce hypertrophy and osteogenic differentiation in IVD cells. We postulate that this ectopic calcification may play an important role in accelerated IVD degeneration including the initiation of structural defects. Since orally administered AGE and RAGE inhibitors are available, future investigations on AGE/RAGE and endochondral ossification may be a promising direction for developing non-invasive treatment against progression of IVD degeneration.
The Selective Advantage of an Adenineless Double Mutant Over One of the Single Mutants Involved (1950)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Different effects of difructose anhydride III and inulin-type fructans on caecal microbiota in rats (2006)

The effects of different kinds of inulin-type fructans on caecal microbiota were evaluated in rats. Four groups of male Wistar rats were fed either a control diet, or diets containing 5% inulin, 5% fructooligosaccharides (FOS), or 5% difructose anhydride III (DFAIII) for two weeks. In the DFAIII group, caecal propionate, butyrate, counts of bifidobacteria, and total anaerobes were lower than in the inulin group, while caecal propionate, succinate, counts of bifidobacteria, and total anaerobes were lower than in the FOS group. Compared to controls, in the DFAIII group the counts of clostridia in caecum were increased by 3 log units. However, this change was statistically not significant. There were no differences between inulin and FOS groups for the pool of short chain fatty acids in caecum and bacterial counts. Results indicate that DFAIII has different effects on caecal microbiota compared to inulin and FOS and that these differences are most likely due to the alpha(3-->2) bonds in DFAIII.
ChemInform Abstract: AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF CARBAPENEM DERIVATIVES WITH C‐2 CARBON SIDE CHAINS FROM PS‐5 AND OA‐6129 COMPOUNDS (1985)

Abstract Die Sulfoxide (I) reagieren mit dem Cyanessigsäuremethylester (II) oder Nitromethan (IV) zu den Kondensationsprodukten (III) bzw. (V), von denen (Va) über das nicht isolierte Nitriloxid (VI) in die Cycloaddukte (VIII), (X) bzw. (XII) übergeführt wird.
Parallel coordinates: a tool for visualizing multi-dimensional geometry (2002)

A methodology for visualizing analytic and synthetic geometry in R/sup N/ is presented. It is based on a system of parallel coordinates which induces a nonprojective mapping between N-dimensional and two-dimensional sets. Hypersurfaces are represented by their planar images which have some geometrical properties analogous to the properties of the hypersurface that they represent. A point from to line duality when N=2 generalizes to lines and hyperplanes enabling the representation of polyhedra in R/sup N/. The representation of a class of convex and non-convex hypersurfaces is discussed, together with an algorithm for constructing and displaying any interior point. The display shows some local properties of the hypersurface and provides information on the point's proximity to the boundary. Applications are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multistage coding and decoding for a M-PSK system (2002)

Punctured convolutional codes are applied to a sequence of subsets of the signal set which is coded using block and/or convolutional codes in the Gaussian channel. The maximum-likelihood metric for the different stages of multistage decoding are derived. Simulation results and bounds for coded 4-PSK (phase-shift keying) show a gain over classical coding at the same bit-error rate (BER) and the same coding rate. It can also be shown that the BER of the first decoded stage is far away from its asymptotic limit at moderate BER (10/sup -4/-10/sup -6/). Therefore the simple gain formula used in the literature is not useful in this range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analysis of human sperm karyotypes in testicular cancer patients before and after chemotherapy (1997)

Sperm karyotype analysis was performed on testicular cancer patients before and after treatment with BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin). A total of 788 sperm chromosome complements was studied, 236 before chemotherapy (CT) and 552 post-CT. There was no significant difference in the total frequency of sperm chromosomal abnormalities pre-CT (10.2%) compared to post-CT (10.7%). Similarly, there were no significant differences in the frequencies of numerical abnormalities (2.5% pre-CT vs. 2.4% post-CT) or structural abnormalities (6.4% pre-CT vs. 7.4% post-CT). The percentage of X-bearing sperm was also not significantly different before (46.3%) and after CT (50.1%). The results in cancer patients were not significantly different from those in control donors. This study corroborates results from our previous analysis of these same men using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization for assessment of aneuploidy for chromosomes 1, 12, X, Y, and XY. Together, these two studies suggest that the sperm of men receiving BEP chemotherapy are not at increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities two or more years after treatment.
Special Section on Interactive Multimedia (2011)

The five papers in this special section present effective solutions to tackle interactive multimedia challenges.
Complete Amino Acid Sequence of Crystalline (α–Glucosidase fromAspergillus niger (1992)

(1992). Complete Amino Acid Sequence of Crystalline (α–Glucosidase from Aspergillus niger. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry: Vol. 56, No. 8, pp. 1368-1370.
Precipitation‐redissolution liquid chromatography of styrene‐ethyl acrylate copolymers (1999)

Abstract The technique of Precipitation‐Redissolution Liquid Chromatography (PRLC) has been applied for fractionation of styrene‐ethyl acrylate copolymers in the whole composition range, from one homopolymer to the other. Two different polar types of column packings were used, pure silica and CN modified silica. Samples dissolved in tetrahydrofuran were injected in the columns where a nonsolvent mixture is used as chromatographic mobile phase. Polymers precipitate in the columns, and their elution is obtained by applying a gradient of eluent with increasing polarity and solvent power. The different copolymers, and the homopolymers, could be separated as a function of acrylate unit content. The best gradient conditions were obtained with a compromise between resolution, efficiency and analysis time. It was found that the polarity of the packing influences the separation in term of retention and peak resolution. This means that a composite mechanism is involved, with adsorption effects adding to the precipitation in favoring the fractionation according to the sample polarity.
Porphobilinogen synthase modification with methylmethanethiosulfonate. A protocol for the investigation of metalloproteins. (1984)

A stable, reversibly sulfhydryl-modified, Zn2+-free porphobilinogen synthase (mod-apo-PBG synthase) has been prepared using methylmethanethiosulfonate. Mod-apo-PBG synthase prepared from holo-PBG synthase using [methyl-14C]methanethiosulfonate incorporated three thiomethyl groups/subunit. When apo-PBG synthase was prepared using EDTA alone, subsequent reaction with [methyl-14C]methanethiosulfonate resulted in incorporation of only two thiomethyl groups/subunit. Mod-apo-PBG synthase was catalytically inactive and contained less than 0.1 mol of Zn/mol of octameric enzyme; it could be reconstituted to full activity using 2-mercaptoethanol and Zn2+. A variety of metal ions were screened for their ability to reconstitute and/or reactivate mod-apo-PBG synthase. Only Zn2+ and Cd2+ reconstitute mod-apo-PBG synthase to full activity. When comparing mod-apo-PBG synthase prepared from holo-PBG synthase in the presence of EDTA with mod-apo-PBG synthase prepared from holo-PBG synthase in the absence of EDTA, no difference was detected in either Zn content, stoichiometry of 14C-labeling, or kinetic behavior. We have confirmed both the observations that four Zn2+/mol of octameric apoenzyme are necessary for full catalytic activity and that holoenzyme, isolated in the presence of 10 microM ZnCl2, contains eight Zn2+/octamer. The additional four binding sites are not catalytically important. Methylmethanethiosulfonate modification is presented as a generally useful method for the investigation of metalloproteins because it provides a route for the preparation of stable apoproteins and a direct method for metal ion replacement.
Configuration-based architecture for high speed and general-purpose protocol processing (2003)

A novel configuration based general-purpose protocol processor is proposed. It can perform much faster protocol processing compared to general-purpose processors. As it is configuration based, different protocols can be configured for different protocols and different applications. The configurability makes compatibility possible, it also processes protocols very fast on the fly. The proposed architecture can be used as a platform or an accelerator for network-based applications.
A microarray to measure repair of damaged plasmids by cell lysates (2008)

DNA repair mechanisms constitute major defences against agents that cause cancer, degenerative disease and aging. Different repair systems cooperate to maintain the integrity of genetic information. Investigations of DNA repair involvement in human pathology require an efficient tool that takes into account the variety and complexity of repair systems. We have developed a highly sensitive damaged plasmid microarray to quantify cell lysate excision/synthesis (ES) capacities using small amounts of proteins. This microsystem is based on efficient immobilization and conservation on hydrogel coated glass slides of plasmid DNA damaged with a panel of genotoxic agents. Fluorescent signals are generated from incorporation of labelled dNTPs by DNA excision-repair synthesis mechanisms at plasmid sites. Highly precise DNA repair phenotypes i.e. simultaneous quantitative measures of ES capacities toward seven lesions repaired by distinct repair pathways, are obtained. Applied to the characterization of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cells at basal level and in response to a low dose of UVB irradiation, the assay showed the multifunctional role of different XP proteins in cell protection against all types of damage. On the other hand, measurement of the ES of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from six donors revealed significant diversity between individuals. Our results illustrate the power of such a parallelized approach with high potential for several applications including the discovery of new cancer biomarkers and the screening of chemical agents modulating DNA repair systems.
Design of Cyclic Reaction Driven by Two-Color Two-Photon Excitation (2007)

We propose a new cyclic reaction based on the concept of two-color two-photon excitation. N-Methylphtalimide (MePI)-linked 4-methoxybenzophenone (MeOBP) was synthesized. The excited benzophenone ketyl radical formed by the two-color two-photon excitation reduces the MePI moiety to form the diphenylmethanol cation and the MePI radical anion (MePI•-). The cation quickly deprotonates to regenerate MeOBP. In the presence of an appropriate electron acceptor, MePI•- reduces the acceptors to regenerate the initial state. As a result, the circular reaction is completed. The proposed cyclic reaction produces one reducing reagent (radical anion) and one proton from two photons (UV and vis light) and a hydrogen donor.
Measurement of Chelating Agent Levels in Media with High Concentrations of Interfering Metal Ions (1975)

Abstract An ion-exchange method for the measurement of levels of chelating agents in media with high levels of metal ions has been developed. The test solution is passed through a specially prepared ion-exchange column, which both removes metal ion interferences, and places the chelating agent in the copper form. The copper levels in the column effluent are then measured by flame atomic absorption methods, the copper levels corresponding in a 1:1 ratio to the levels of chelating agent in the sample. The detection limit for this method is on the order of 1 ppm copper equivalent chelating capacity, and is applicable in situations where the interfering metal ions are at concentrations in the range of 10−2 M. The method is reproducible in the pH ranges of 4 to 9 Precision and
Chemical ionization mass spectrometry of some crown ethers (1978)

Abstract Methane and isobutane chemical ionization mass spectrometry is superior to the classical electron impact technique for the analysis of aliphatic macrocyclic polyethers of the 4 n ‐crown‐ n type. The latter reagent gas is particularly suited for molecular weight determinations.
Oxidative Cyclization of Lithium 4-Ethoxy-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxobut-2-en-2-olate (2019)

Diethyl 2,5-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-dicarboxylate has been synthesized for the first time by reaction of lithium 4-ethoxy-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxobut-2-en-2-olate with manganese(III) acetate. The structure of its (2S*3S*4S*5S*) stereoisomer has been confirmed by X-ray analysis.
Control of perimenstrual flares of perioral dermatitis by isotretinoin (2000)

BACKGROUND: Some cases of perioral dermatitis (POD) appear in young women after the interruption of oral contraception. Perimenstrual POD flares may also occur. Blue-brown, post-inflammatory macules and atrophic scarring often persist. Conventional treatment modalities include topical and oral tetracyclines, topical metronidazole and oral contraceptives. However, such therapies may fail or offer only transient results. Isotretinoin efficacy was reported in a patient with difficult-to-treat POD. METHODS: We studied the outcome of a 6-month course of isotretinoin with a 1-year follow-up in 14 women suffering from chronic or recurrent POD refractory to or dependent on long-term conventional treatments. The isotretinoin dosing regimens were based on acne management guidelines. RESULTS: At 1-year follow-up, 12 of 14 (85.7%) of the women remained free of POD recurrences, one patient (7.1%) experienced a significant improvement, and one patient (7.1%) showed only transient improvement during therapy, and rapidly relapsed after completing two 6-month treatment courses. The muco-cutaneous side effects were similar to those already known for isotretinoin. No other adverse effects occurred. CONCLUSION: Isotretinoin represents a valuable therapeutic alternative for women suffering from chronic or recurrent POD refractory to or dependent on conventional treatment options. (J Dermatol Treat (2000) 11:97-99)
PediaTrac V.3.0 protocol: a prospective, longitudinal study of the development and validation of a web-based tool to measure and track infant and toddler development from birth through 18 months (2021)

This investigation has single Institutional Review Board (IRB) multisite approval from the University of Michigan (IRB HUM00151584). The results will be presented at prominent conferences and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.
[Effect of venlafaxine on cognitive function and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in rats with post-stroke depression]. (2011)

Venlafaxine can improve PSD-induced learning and memory dysfunction, possibly through the enhancement of the BDNF level in the CA3 area of hippocampus.
Effects of stimulus-driven synchronization on sensory perception (2007)

The results give support to the theory that synchronization of cortical ensembles in SI could significantly impact the topography of temporal perception, and these findings are speculated to be linked mechanistically to previously reported co-activation plasticity studies. Additionally, the impact that such synchronizing conditioning stimuli have on TOJ - which can be measured relatively quickly - could provide an effective means to assess the functional connectivity of neurologically compromised subject populations.
Critère de sélection spatio-fréquentielle basé sur une contrainte de performance pour une réduction de la diaphonie dans les systèmes DSL (2007)

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