gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction with macrophages attenuates equine fibroblast‐like synoviocyte ADAMTS5 (aggrecanase‐2) gene expression following inflammatory stimulation (2018)

The joint synovium consists of a heterogeneous cell population, chiefly comprised of macrophages, and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). An inter-species co-culture model was developed to examine interactions between these cells. Equine FLS and the canine macrophage line DH82 were differentially labeled using fluorescent markers and results from direct co-culture compared with those from both indirect co-culture, and conditioned media experiments. The transcript expression of IL-1β, IL-6, ADAMTS4, and ADAMTS5 in each cell type were determined using species-specific qPCR assays. Lipopolysaccharide stimulation of EFLS rapidly increased IL-1β, IL-6, ADAMTS4, and ADAMTS5 mRNAs. The induction of ADAMTS5 was significantly reduced when equine FLS were cultured with DH82 cells directly or indirectly. Exposure of equine FLS to denatured conditioned media also significantly reduced ADAMTS5 induction. DH82 cells increased interleukin-1β expression substantially following LPS stimulation. However, knockdown of interleukin-1β in DH82 cells, or inhibition of NF-κB in equine FLS prior to co-culture did not change the inhibitory effect on equine FLS ADAMTS5 gene expression. This work indicates that macrophages can influence FLS gene expression through a soluble mediator, and modulate the expression of an enzyme critical in osteoarthritis pathology during inflammatory stimulation. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by WileyPeriodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 9999:1-8, 2018.
Optimum wire tapering for minimum power dissipation in RLC interconnects (2006)

The optimum tapered structure for RLC interconnect to minimize transient power dissipation is determined. Wire tapering can reduce the power dissipated by a circuit by up to 72% as compared to uniform wire sizing. An analytic solution to determine the optimum tapered structure exhibits an error of less than 2% as compared to SPICE
Wireless Mesh Networks: Current Challenges and Future Directions of Web-In-The-Sky (2007)

Within the short span of a decade, Wi-Fi hotspots have revolutionized Internet service provisioning. With the increasing popularity and rising demand for more public Wi-Fi hotspots, network service providers are facing a daunting task. Wi-Fi hotspots typically require extensive wired infrastructure to access the backhaul network, which is often expensive and time consuming to provide in such situations. wireless mesh networks (WMNs) offer an easy and economical alternative for providing broadband wireless Internet connectivity and could be called the web-in-the-sky. In place of an underlying wired backbone, a WMN forms a wireless backhaul network, thus obviating the need for extensive cabling. They are based on multihop communication paradigms that dynamically form a connected network. However, multihop wireless communication is severely plagued by many limitations such as low throughput and limited capacity. In this article we point out key challenges that are impeding the rapid progress of this upcoming technology. We systematically examine each layer of the network and discuss the feasibility of some state-of-the-art technologies/protocols for adequately addressing these challenges. We also provide broader and deeper insight to many other issues that are of paramount importance for the successful deployment and wider acceptance of WMNs.
Impact of Arterial Stiffness on Regional Myocardial Function Assessed by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Patients with Hypertension (2012)

In hypertensive patients with normal ejection fraction, arterial stiffening contributes to impaired systolic and diastolic function of the regional myocardium. Compensatory increases in ventricular twist were diminished in patients with advanced stage of vascular stiffening.
Adverse Effect of Ventricular Pacing on Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation Among Patients With Normal Baseline QRS Duration in a Clinical Trial of Pacemaker Therapy for Sinus Node Dysfunction (2003)

Background— Dual-chamber (DDDR) pacing preserves AV synchrony and may reduce heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with ventricular (VVIR) pacing in sinus node dysfunction (SND). However, DDDR pacing often results in prolonged QRS durations (QRSd) as the result of right ventricular stimulation, and ventricular desynchronization may result. The effect of pacing-induced ventricular desynchronization in patients with normal baseline QRSd is unknown. Methods and Results— Baseline QRSd was obtained from 12-lead ECGs before pacemaker implantation in MOST, a 2010-patient, 6-year, randomized trial of DDDR versus VVIR pacing in SND. Cumulative percent ventricular paced (Cum%VP) was determined from stored pacemaker data. Baseline QRSd &lt;120 ms was observed in 1339 patients (707 DDDR, 632 VVIR). Cum%VP was greater in DDDR versus VVIR (90% versus 58%, P =0.001). Cox models demonstrated that the time-dependent covariate Cum%VP was a strong predictor of HF hospitalization in DDDR (hazard ratio [HR], 2.99 [95% CI, 1.15 to 7.75] for Cum%VP &gt;40%) and VVIR (HR 2.56 [95% CI, 1.48 to 4.43] for Cum%VP &gt;80%). The risk of AF increased linearly with Cum%VP from 0% to 85% in both groups (DDDR, HR 1.36 [95% CI, 1.09, 1.69]; VVIR, HR 1.21 [95% CI 1.02, 1.43], for each 25% increase in Cum%VP). Model results were unaffected by adjustment for known baseline predictors of HF hospitalization and AF. Conclusions— Ventricular desynchronization imposed by ventricular pacing even when AV synchrony is preserved increases the risk of HF hospitalization and AF in SND with normal baseline QRSd.
Constructing business simulations with service patterns (2008)

Typically, system dynamics-based simulations of business processes are constructed in an ad hoc manner, with a modeler creating low-level components and defining inter-relationships one-by-one. As the numbers of process components or variables grow, the resulting model becomes ever more difficult to manage and extend. This paper discusses the definition and use of high-level business patterns that have predefined system dynamics sub-models. These patterns enable rapid construction of arbitrarily complex system dynamics models of business processes through abstraction, reuse, and unification of sub-model elements.
A Simple Parallel-Plate Resonator Technique for Microwave. Characterization of Thin Resistive Films (2002)

A parallel-plate resonator method is proposed for non-destructive characterisation of resistive films used in microwave integrated circuits. A slot made in one of the plates is used to measure surface impedance of a reference film and film under test. The surface impedance of the film under test is extract from these two measurements using a simple procedure. X-band experimental verification is given for a number of resistive films.
The absence of IgE antibody-mediated augmentation of immune responses in CD23-deficient mice. (1994)

The CD23 antigen, a low-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RII), is a type II membrane-bound glycoprotein expressed on various cells, particularly mature B cells. A number of functions have been ascribed to CD23, including specific regulation of IgE production, IgE-mediated cytotoxicity and release of mediators, IgE-dependent antigen focusing, promotion of B-cell growth, prevention of germinal center B cells from apoptosis, proliferation of myeloid precursors, and maturation of early thymocytes. It is not clear whether these activities represent in vivo functions. To explore in vivo functions of CD23, we have produced CD23-deficient mice. These mice displayed normal lymphocyte differentiation and could mount normal antibody responses, including IgE responses upon immunization with T-dependent antigens and infection with Nippostrongyrus brasiliensis. Germinal center formation after immunization and in vitro proliferative response of B cells were not affected in mutant mice. However, antigen-specific IgE-mediated enhancement of antibody responses was severely impaired.
Antagonism of EGFR and HER3 Enhances the Response to Inhibitors of the PI3K-Akt Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2014)

Both abundant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR or ErbB1) and high activity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway are common and therapeutically targeted in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, activation of another EGFR family member [human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) (or ErbB3)] may limit the antitumor effects of these drugs. We found that TNBC cell lines cultured with the EGFR or HER3 ligand EGF or heregulin, respectively, and treated with either an Akt inhibitor (GDC-0068) or a PI3K inhibitor (GDC-0941) had increased abundance and phosphorylation of HER3. The phosphorylation of HER3 and EGFR in response to these treatments was reduced by the addition of a dual EGFR and HER3 inhibitor (MEHD7945A). MEHD7945A also decreased the phosphorylation (and activation) of EGFR and HER3 and the phosphorylation of downstream targets that occurred in response to the combination of EGFR ligands and PI3K-Akt pathway inhibitors. In culture, inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway combined with either MEHD7945A or knockdown of HER3 decreased cell proliferation compared with inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway alone. Combining either GDC-0068 or GDC-0941 with MEHD7945A inhibited the growth of xenografts derived from TNBC cell lines or from TNBC patient tumors, and this combination treatment was also more effective than combining either GDC-0068 or GDC-0941 with cetuximab, an EGFR-targeted antibody. After therapy with EGFR-targeted antibodies, some patients had residual tumors with increased HER3 abundance and EGFR/HER3 dimerization (an activating interaction). Thus, we propose that concomitant blockade of EGFR, HER3, and the PI3K-Akt pathway in TNBC should be investigated in the clinical setting.
Effects of ground flaxseed in swine diets on pig performance and on physical and sensory characteristics and omega-3 fatty acid content of pork: I. Dietary level of flaxseed (1995)

Forty-eight barrows and gilts were fed diets containing 0 (CO), 5, 10, or 15% ground flaxseed (FS) for the final 25 d before slaughter. Flaxseed treatments did not affect any production or carcass traits (P > .10). No pork processing problems due to lack of firmness were encountered. Amounts (milligrams/gram of tissue) of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA [18:3n-3]) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA [20:5n-3]) increased (P < .01) in both backfat layers and ALA increased (P < .01) in kidney (leaf) fat after FS. Alpha-linolenic acid and EPA increased (P < .001) in the raw belly in response to FS; the effect was maintained throughout processing (P < .01) to microwaved bacon. Alpha-linolenic acid and EPA increased (P < .01, P < .05, respectively) with amount of FS in longissimus thoracis and liver. In the brain, DHA decreased (P < .05) with amount of FS. Trained panelists in triangle tests were able to identify bacon from pigs fed 10 and 15% flaxseed. Panelists could not identify various treatments in the loin tests.
Scrupulous Monitoring of Physician-Assisted Dying: The Case for Mandatory Reporting to Coroners and Medical Examiners of All Physician-Assisted Deaths in Canada. (2016)

Although the practice of physician-assisted dying (hereinafter "PAD") will soon be lawful in Canada, opponents of PAD claim that it might result in involuntary deaths. The Supreme Court of Canada in Carter v. Canada (Attorney General) rejected such arguments holding that involuntary deaths are preventable provided that jurisdictions devise stringent limits to the practice of PAD and that these stringent limits are "scrupulously monitored and enforced". This article examines the question of how best to engage in scrupulous monitoring of physician-assisted dying. At present, the province of Quebec has legislated, and three expert groups have proposed the creation of new administrative offices to monitor the practice of PAD (these groups are the Provincial-Territorial Expert Advisory Group on Physician-Assisted Dying, the External Panel on Options for a Legislative Response to Carter v. Canada, and the Canadian Medical Association). This article argues that scrupulous monitoring can be better achieved by requiring explicit mandatory notification of all physician-assisted deaths to coroners and medical examiners, rather than by creating new administrative offices. It is more effective, efficient and prudent to use already existing coroner and medical examiner death reporting and investigative frameworks to report physician-assisted deaths than to create new, untried, parallel and potentially more expensive administrative offices. In Canada, almost all provincial and territorial statutes that govern the official actions of coroners and medical examiners currently require the reporting of non-natural deaths, which include those that will be attributable to PAD. To achieve the scrupulous monitoring of PAD required by the Supreme Court, provincial and territorial governments, in collaboration with the federal government, should. 1. review their coroner and fatality statutes to clarify that physician-assisted deaths (as non-natural deaths) are mandatorily notifiable; 2. encourage forensic pathologists to collaborate on a national basis to agree upon uniform methods of death reporting and monitoring of PAD; and. 3. mandate that coroner and medical examiners offices should be adequately funded and staffed for the new task (which is likely to increase only marginally the caseload in accurate death reporting and monitoring). Such actions will ensure the continued achievement of the legislative goals for coroner and medical examiner offices: to report deaths accurately and to investigate and monitor death for the purposes of protection, prosecution, prevention, health promotion and health planning. By ensuring that PAD is reportable to the statutorily created offices that are expert in accurate death reporting, the public may be better assured that the new practice of PAD is used only to relieve suffering as permitted by law.
Characterization of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-augmented degranulation by cytotoxic T cells. ICAM-1 and anti-CD3 must be co-localized for optimal adhesion and stimulation (1995)

Purified intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a ligand of the LFA-1, was used to analyze the contribution of ICAM-1 to the activation of CTL. ICAM-1 facilitates degranulation when co-immobilized with substimulatory amounts of anti-CD3. This facilitated response is most likely mediated through LFA-1, since Abs to this molecule significantly inhibit the response, Interestingly, when ICAM-1 and anti-CD3 are immobilized on separate beads and presented to the CTL, no ICAM-1-enhanced degranulation is observed. The ICAM-1 and anti-CD3 must be immobilized on the same surface to augment the response, suggesting that ICAM-1 either does not transmit signals into the cell or it transmits a very localized signal, since the ICAM-1 and anti-CD3 must be juxtaposed. Consistent with this finding, we demonstrate that ICAM-1 does not induce tyrosine phosphorylation or a Ca(2+)-flux in the CTL clone, but does potentiate these responses when co-immobilized with substimulatory anti-CD3. Finally ICAM-1 and anti-CD3 must be immobilized on the same bead for stable adhesion of CTL to ICAM-1. When ICAM-1 and anti-CD3 are immobilized on separate beads, there is only a transient, low level of adhesion to the ICAM-1 beads. Taken together, these results suggest that LFA-1 is acting principally as an adhesion molecule, with respect to ICAM-1, in CTL and that this adhesion is regulated through the TCR complex.
Ein theoretisches Modell der Aufstiegskarriere (2010)

Zum Einstieg formuliere ich eine erste Definition der Aufstiegskarriere und lege eine vorläufige konzeptuelle Ordnung aus. Mein theoretisches Modell wurzelt in einer konstruktivistischen Wissenschaftskonzeption, wie sie von den Chicagoer Pionieren der Biographieforschung (Thomas & Znaniecki, 1958 [1918]) erstmals artikuliert und dann von ihren Nachfolgern des symbolischen Interaktionismus verfeinert wurde (Hughes, 1958, Becker 1963). Diese Autoren präsentierten Biographieforschung als Übungsfeld um die lähmenden Oppositionen zwischen sozialer Struktur und sozialem Sinn und artverwandten Gegensatzpaaren wie "objektiv/subjektiv" oder "kollektiv/individuell" zu überwinden (Corcuff, 1995). In den letzten Jahrzehnten fanden eine ganze Reihe namhafter Autoren ähnliche Positionen und machten sie auch für andere Felder der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung fruchtbar. Ihre Grundannahme, die ich mir im Folgenden zu eigen mache: soziale Strukturen sind die geronnen Produkte des langfristigen Zusammenspiels individueller Handlungen; soziales Handeln umgekehrt wird von eben diesen sozialen Strukturen geprägt (Berger & Luckmann, 1969 [1966]; Giddens, 1986 [1984]); Bourdieu, 1980; Fischer & Kohli, 1987).
A New Process for Manufacturing and Stabilizing High-Performance EOR Surfactants at Low Cost for High-Temperature, High-Salinity Oil Reservoirs (2010)

Abstract An alcohol dimerization process known as the Guerbet reaction is used to create large alcohol structures for the production of the corresponding alkoxy sulfate surfactants. In the alcohol industry, Guerbet (dimer) alcohols are considered the "gold" standard for large, branched alcohols. These Guerbet alcohols tend to be more expensive than other alcohols when produced in high purity for various industrial applications. The high cost is mainly due to driving the reaction to completion and/or stripping-off of the unreacted monomer alcohol to produce high purity. However, inexpensive Guerbet alcohols (GA) can be prepared by aiming for less than quantitative conversion during the alcohol dimerization process. The resultant blend of 85-95% GA and 5-15% monomer alcohol is subsequently used in the alkoxylation process to add propylene oxide and/or ethylene oxide, followed by sulfation. Through the use of this new Guerbet process, these surfactants can be manufactured at low cost when made as sulfates as opposed to sulfonates. For example, a C32 GA can be produced from a C16 alcohol. These and other sulfate surfactants can be stabilized at high temperature with alkali. This is a surprising discovery that greatly increases the availability of low-cost, high performance surfactants for high temperature reservoirs.
Temporal patterns of patient‐reported trismus and associated mouth‐opening distances in radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A prospective cohort study (2017)

Mouth-opening distances in patients with HNC post-RT can be understood in terms of associated patient-reported outcomes on trismus-related difficulties. Our data suggest that a reduction in MIO can be expected as patients communicate their mouth-opening status to interfere with private/social life, a clinical warning signal for emerging or worsening trismus as patients are being followed after RT.
The Role of Knowledge-based Features in Polarity Classification at Sentence Level (2009)

Though polarity classification has been extensively explored at document level, there has been little work investigating feature design at sentence level.Due to the small number of words within a sentence, polarity classification at sentence level differs substantially from document-level classification in that resulting bag-of-words feature vectors tend to be very sparse resulting in a lower classification accuracy.In this paper, we show that performance can be improved by adding features specifically designed for sentence-level polarity classification.We consider both explicit polarity information and various linguistic features.A great proportion of the improvement that can be obtained by using polarity information can also be achieved by using a set of simple domainindependent linguistic features.
Degradation in aqueous solution of O-aryl N-arylthioncarbamates to aryloxide ions and isothiocyanates. A study of Leffler's assumption (1983)

Rate constants for the title reaction have been measured in both forward and reverse directions leading to rates and equilibrium constants for all the steps in equation (i). The effects of varying the structures of Ar Ar–O–CS–NHAr′⇆ Ar–O–CN–Ar′⇆ Ar–O–+ Ar′NCS (i) and Ar′ on the equilibrium and rate constants were measured; identical Leffler–Grunwald indices (α=βF/βEQ= d log k/d log K) for the addition step are observed for variation in Ar and Ar′ although individual β values are markedly different. Identical α parameters arising from different substituent interaction pathways to a single bond are required if the reaction conforms to the Leffler assumption; on this basis the α parameter is considered a good measure of transition-state structure relative to reactant- and product-states for the addition reaction. ‘Effective charges’ on the phenolic oxygen in the thioncarbamate and its conjugate base indicate considerable C+–S character in the formal thioncarbamoyl bond.
Emerging Features in the Regulation of MMP-9 Gene Expression for the Development of Novel Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Strategies (2003)

Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9; gelatinase B) belongs to the subfamily of MMPs that play an important role in tissue remodelling in normal and pathological inflammatory processes. MMP-9 is a major secretion product of macrophages and a component of cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils. The enzyme is also secreted by lymphocytes and stromal cells upon stimulation by inflammatory cytokines, or upon delivery of bi-directional activation signals following integrin-mediated cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) contacts. Since the integrity of the tissue architecture is closely dependent of the delicate balance between MMPs and their inhibitors, excessive production of MMP-9 is linked to tissue damage and degenerative inflammatory disorders. As a consequence, regulation of gene transcription and tissue-specific expression of MMP-9 in normal and diseased states are being actively investigated to pave the way for new therapeutic targets. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of recent developments in the field of mmp-9 gene expression in different cell types, from the triggering of cell-surface receptors, to the activation of cytoplasmic mediators and transcription factors responsible for the activation of MMP-9 promoter. We will then focus on emerging evidence showing that transcription of mmp-9 gene can be controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. The usefulness of targeting the signalling pathways regulating MMP-9 expression for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and other indications will be discussed in light of these findings.
Characterization of an abnormal photoluminescence behavior upon crystal-phase transition of perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 (2015)

Solution-processed hybrid perovskite of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) exhibits an abnormal luminescence behavior at around the tetragonal-orthorhombic phase transition temperature. The combination of time resolved photoluminescence (PL), variable excitation power PL, and variable-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) allows us to clearly interpret the abnormal luminescence features in the phase transition region of MAPbI3. Both PL and XRD results unambiguously prove the coexistence of the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases of MAPbI3 in the temperature range of 150 to 130 K. The two luminescence features observed in the orthorhombic phase at T < 130 K originate from free excitons and donor-acceptor-pair (DAP) transitions, respectively. The comprehensive understanding of optical properties upon phase transition in MAPbI3 will benefit the development of new optoelectronic devices.