gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoreceptors in the rat retina are specifically vulnerable to both hypoxia and hyperoxia (2005)

The current study aims to assess the vulnerability of photoreceptors in rat retina to variations in tissue oxygen levels. Young adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to air with the concentration of oxygen set at 10% (hypoxia), 21% (room air, normoxia), and four levels of hyperoxia (45%, 65%, 70%, and 75%), for up to 3 weeks. Their retinas were then examined for cell death, using the TUNEL technique. Hypoxia (10% oxygen) for 2 weeks caused a limited but significant rise in the frequency of TUNEL+ (dying) cells in the retina, the great majority (>90%) being located in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Hyperoxia also induced an increase in the frequency of TUNEL+ cells, again predominantly in the ONL. The increase rose with duration of exposure, up to 2 weeks. At 2 weeks exposure, the increase was limited yet significant at 45% oxygen, and maximal at 65%. Where the frequencies of TUNEL+ cells were high, it was evident that photoreceptor death was maximal in the midperipheral retina. The adult retina is vulnerable to maintained shifts in oxygen availability to the retina, both below and above normal. The vulnerability is specific to photoreceptors; other retinal neurons appeared resistant to the exposures tested. Shifts in retinal oxygen levels caused by variations in ambient light, by the persistence of light through the normally dark (night) half of the day-night cycle, or by depletion of the photoreceptor population, may contribute to photoreceptor death in the normal retina.
Gadolinium-Based Blood Volume Mapping From MRI With Ultrashort TE Versus CT and SPECT for Predicting Postoperative Lung Function in Patients With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2018)

BV-MRI with UTE has the potential to predict the postoperative lung function of patients with NSCLC more accurately than qualitatively assessed CT and SPECT, and it can be considered to be at least as useful as quantitatively assessed CT.
Learning Joint Detection, Equalization and Decoding for Short-Packet Communications (2022)

We propose and practically demonstrate a joint detection and decoding scheme for short-packet wireless communications in scenarios that require to first detect the presence of a message before actually decoding it. For this, we extend the recently proposed serial Turbo-autoencoder neural network (NN) architecture and train it to find short messages that can be, all “at once”, detected, synchronized, equalized and decoded when sent over an unsynchronized channel with memory. The conceptional advantage of the proposed system stems from a holistic message structure with superimposed pilots for joint detection and decoding without the need of relying on a dedicated preamble. This results not only in a higher spectral efficiency, but also translates into the possibility of shorter messages compared to using a dedicated preamble. We compare the detection error rate (DER), bit error rate (BER) and block error rate (BLER) performance of the proposed system with a hand-crafted state-of-the-art conventional baseline and our simulations show a significant advantage of the proposed autoencoder-based system over the conventional baseline in every scenario up to messages conveying <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k\!=\!96$ </tex-math></inline-formula> information bits. Finally, we practically evaluate and confirm the improved performance of the proposed system over-the-air (OTA) using a software-defined radio (SDR)-based measurement testbed.
Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing Scheme with FL via MPC in Financial Permissioned Blockchain (2021)

Each bank has different clients and each client may have transactions with multiple banks. Hence, clients’ data in a single bank may be partial and incomplete. If the data can be combined, each bank obtains comprehensive information, so as to better carry out business and enhance the quality of service, such as recommending financial products and inquiring about personal credit records. However, after the promulgation of GDPR by European Union in 2018, it is illegal to directly consolidate data crossing enterprises due to privacy and security concerns, especially for privacy-sensitive industries. Emerging federated learning(FL) is very suitable for secure data sharing for distributed banks in privacy. To prevent from connection of clients’ data and the certain bank, we adopt anonymity mechanism to hide the real identity of banks. In this paper, we first propose blockchain-empowered secure federated learning for distributed banks based on multi-party computation(MPC) with multi-key fully-homomorphic encryption(FHE) scheme. Then, we give detailed description of multi-key FHE based MPC protocol, anonymity mechanism and permissioned blockchain consensus protocol. Finally, we analyze the security and compare our scheme with several existed schemes. Numerical results show that the proposed data sharing scheme has good performance in terms of computational overhead and model accuracy.
Cleavage of a cyclopropane ring by singlet oxygen (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCleavage of a cyclopropane ring by singlet oxygenRonald H. Rynbrandt and Fred E. DuttonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 21, 3079–3081Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00909a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00909a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanoparticles binding to lipid membranes: from vesicle-based gels to vesicle tubulation and destruction (2019)

While cells offer numerous inspiring examples in which membrane morphology and function are controlled by interactions with viruses or proteins, we still lack design principles for controlling membrane morphology in synthetic systems. With experiments and simulations, we show that spherical nanoparticles binding to lipid-bilayer membrane vesicles results in a remarkably rich set of collective morphologies that are controllable via the particle binding energy. We separately study cationic and anionic particles, where the adhesion is tuned by addition of oppositely charged lipids to the vesicles. When the binding energy is weak relative to a characteristic membrane-bending energy, vesicles adhere to one another and form a soft solid gel, a novel and useful platform for controlled release. With larger binding energy, a transition from partial to complete wrapping of the nanoparticles causes a remarkable vesicle destruction process culminating in rupture, nanoparticle-membrane tubules, and an apparent inversion of the vesicles. These findings help unify the diverse phenomena observed previously. They also open the door to a new class of vesicle-based, closed-cell gels that are more than 99% water and can encapsulate and release on demand, and show how to drive intentional membrane remodeling for shape-responsive systems.
Nonvolatile power gating with MTJ based nonvolatile flip-flops for a microprocessor (2017)

This paper describes an approach to combine spintransfer torque Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) based non-volatile flip-flops (NVFFs) with power gating techniques to enable anytime power-off and instant power-on. We analyzed the NVFFs which are expected to realize nonvolatile power gating (NVPG) for a microprocessor. We evaluated the NVFFs by the area, the performance and the energy dissipation. We also investigated effectiveness of NVPG that combines the NVFFs with the 32-bit microprocessor core. The simulation results showed that the NVPG reduced more energy dissipation when the idle time of the microprocessor is longer than 5ms at 25°C as compared with the conventional SRAM-backup scheme. Additionally, the NVPG was able to reduce more energy dissipation at higher temperature.
Comparison between the Matrix Pencil Method and the Fourier Transform Technique for High-Resolution Spectral Estimation (1996)

Fernández del Rı́o, J. E., and Sarkar, T. K., Comparison between the Matrix Pencil Method and the Fourier Transform Technique for High-Resolution Spectral Estimation,Digital Signal Processing6 (1996), 108–125. The objective of this paper is to compare the performance of the Matrix Pencil Method, particularly the Total Forward–Backward Matrix Pencil Method, and the Fourier Transform Technique for high-resolution spectral estimation. Performance of each of the techniques, in terms of bias and variance, in the presence of noise is studied and the results are compared to those of the Cramer–Rao Bound.
Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Studies of the pH-Dependent Dissolution of 2-Electron Mediators Immobilized on Zirconium Phosphate Containing Carbon Pastes (2002)

A detailed study is presented on the leaking of two different 2-electron-transfer redox mediators from zirconium phosphate-modified carbon-paste electrodes. Two redox mediators commonly used in bioelectrochemistry, viz. methylene green and riboflavin, were adsorbed on zirconium phosphate and further integrated into carbon paste. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry and scanning electrochemical microscopy were used to characterize the leakage of these redox mediators at different pH conditions. It could be shown that an exposure to acidic pH-values significantly increased the rate of their leakage from the mediator-zirconium phosphate-modified carbon paste, whereas a tight adsorption was observed at neutral pH.
Designing a regenerable stimuli-responsive grafted polymer-clay sorbent for filtration of water pollutants (2018)

A novel, stimuli-responsive composite, based on poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) brushes, end-grafted to montmorillonite clay (GPC), was designed as a regenerable sorbent for efficient removal of pollutants from water. We characterized the novel composite sorbent and its response to pH, employing Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis and zeta potential measurements. In comparison with conventional, electrostatically adsorbed PVP composites (APC), the GPC presented superior characteristics: higher polymer loading without polymer release, higher zeta potential and lower pH/charge dependency. These superior characteristics explained the significantly higher removal of organic and inorganic anionic pollutants by this composite, in comparison with the removal by APC and by many reported sorbents. For example, the filtration (20 pore volumes) of selenate by GPC, APC and a commercial resin column was complete (100%), negligible (0%) and reached 90% removal, respectively. At low-moderate pH, the grafted polymer undergoes protonation, promoting pollutant adsorption, whereas at high pH, the polymer deprotonates, promoting pollutant desorption. Indeed, 'in-column' regeneration of the GPC sorbents was achieved by increasing pH, and upon a second filtration cycle, no reduction in filter capacity was observed. These findings suggest the possible applicability of this stimuli-responsive sorbent for water treatment.
Ascaris suum NAD-Malic Enzyme Is Activated by l-Malate and Fumarate Binding to Separate Allosteric Sites (2003)

The kinetic mechanism of activation of the mitochondrial NAD-malic enzyme from the parasitic roundworm Ascaris suum has been studied using a steady-state kinetic approach. The following conclusions are suggested. First, malate and fumarate increase the activity of the enzyme in both reaction directions as a result of binding to separate allosteric sites, i.e., sites that exist in addition to the active site. The binding of malate and fumarate is synergistic with the K(act) decreasing by >or=10-fold at saturating concentrations of the other activator. Second, the presence of the activators decreases the K(m) for pyruvate 3-4-fold, and the K(i) (Mn) >or=20-fold in the direction of reductive carboxylation; similar effects are obtained with fumarate in the direction of oxidative decarboxylation. The greatest effect of the activators is thus expressed at low reactant concentrations, i.e., physiologic concentrations of reactant, where activation of >or=15-fold is observed. A recent crystallographic structure of the human mitochondrial NAD malic enzyme [13] shows fumarate bound to an allosteric site. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to change R105, homologous to R91 in the fumarate activator site of the human enzyme, to alanine. The R105A mutant enzyme exhibits the same maximum rate and V/K(NAD) as does the wild-type enzyme, but 7-8-fold decrease in both V/K(malate) and V/K(Mg), indicating the importance of this residue in the activator site. In addition, neither fumarate nor malate activates the enzyme in either reaction direction. Finally, a change in K143 (a residue in a positive pocket adjacent to that which contains R105), to alanine results in an increase in the K(act) for malate by about an order of magnitude such that it is now of the same magnitude as the K(m) for malate. The K143A mutant enzyme also exhibits an increase in the K(act) for fumarate (in the absence of malate) from 200 microM to about 25 mM.
Efficient nonblocking software transactional memory (2007)

Foundational transactional memory research grew out of research into nonblocking concurrent data structures, which aim to overcome the many well-known software engineering, performance, and robustness problems associated with lock-based implementations. Recently, many researchers have developed blocking STMs, recognising that they are much easier to design and that the software engineering benefits of STM can be delivered even by a blocking STM. But hiding blocking from the application programmer does not eliminate all of its disadvantages, and in some cases blocking is unacceptable, for example if STM is to be used to coordinate between an interrupt handler and the interrupted thread.
One-Step Synthesis of Mesoporous Metal−SiO2 Particles by an Aerosol-Assisted Self-assembly Process (2005)

Spherical mesoporous silica particles with entrapped metal nanoparticles are synthesized from a one-step aerosol-assisted self-assembly process using sols of an alkoxysilane, ethanol, surfactant, water, HCl, and metal precursors (e.g., salts or complexes). Utilizing nitrogen as a carrier gas, the sol is sent through an atomizer, producing aerosol droplets, which are passed through a tubular furnace heated to 400 °C. Solvent evaporation from the droplets enriches the nonvolatile components and results in the coassembly of silicate and surfactant into 3-dimensional mesostructures with incorporated metal precursors. Lamellar, cubic, and hexagonal mesostructures are achieved by using different surfactants. Subsequent calcination of the surfactant and reduction of the metal result in spherical mesostructured porous silica particles with supported metal nanoparticles. Nitrogen sorption techniques, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction are used to characterize the particles. Mesoporous silica particles with 0.5% Pd are tested as a catalyst in the hydrodechlorination reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane and exhibit ∼100% conversion above 350 °C and ∼100% ethylene selectivity, demonstrating the potential of such nanocomposites as catalysts.
The RXRα ligand-dependent activation function 2 (AF-2) is important for mouse development (1998)

We have engineered a mouse mutation that specifically deletes the C-terminal 18 amino acid sequence of the RXRalpha protein. This deletion corresponds to the last helical alpha structure (H12) of the ligand-binding domain (LBD), and includes the core of the Activating Domain of the Activation Function 2 (AF-2 AD core) that is thought to be crucial in mediating ligand-dependent transactivation by RXRalpha. The homozygous mutants (RXRalpha af2(o)), which die during the late fetal period or at birth, exhibit a subset of the abnormalities previously observed in RXRalpha -/- mutants, often with incomplete penetrance. In marked contrast, RXRalpha af2(o)/RXRbeta -/- and RXRalpha af2(o)/RXRbeta -/- /RXRgamma -/- compound mutants display a large array of malformations, which nearly recapitulate the full spectrum of the defects that characterize the fetal vitamin A-deficiency (VAD) syndrome and were previously found in RAR single and compound mutants, as well as in RXRalpha/RAR(alpha, beta or gamma) compound mutants. Analysis of RXRalpha af2(o)/RAR(alpha, beta or gamma) compound mutants also revealed that they exhibit many of the defects observed in the corresponding RXR alpha/RAR compound mutants. Together, these results demonstrate the importance of the integrity of RXR AF-2 for the developmental functions mediated by RAR/RXR heterodimers, and hence suggest that RXR ligand-dependent transactivation is instrumental in retinoid signalling during development.
The Art of Diagnosis (1982)

We analyzed the psychological process by which physicians solve complicated diagnostic problems, such as those posed in clinicopathological exercises. The challenge of differential diagnosis is to select the most probable cause of a patient's condition, yet the size of the problem, the nature of medical information, and the notorious inability of human beings to manipulate probabilities in their heads all conspire against the diagnostician to make it virtually impossible to employ Bayes' theorem in routine diagnosis. Unable to estimate the desired probabilities explicitly, physicians recast the problem into a form that uses one of their most effective mental skills--that of comparing patterns. A study of 50 clinicopathological conferences published in the Journal suggests that the following six steps are taken to arrive at a diagnosis: aggregation of groups of findings into patterns, selection of a "pivot" or key finding, generation of a cause list, pruning of the cause list, selection of a diagnosis, and validation of the diagnosis. Although the clinicopathological conference differs in some important ways from real-life diagnostic problems, we believe that the principles described here closely resemble those used in practice. Properly selected clinicopathological conferences are excellent windows through which to study diagnostic reasoning.
Dynamics of temperature dependent modifications of Blood in the near‐infrared (2005)

"Slow" vessel heating which is now proposed as the optimal mechanism for permanent vessel closure should be reconsidered in terms of our results. In that particular case, the optical coefficients of blood could be different from those expected. In case of a large blood vessel, this could be an advantage since a "temporary" higher transmission of light could lead to a more homogeneous heating of the blood vessel. In case of a small blood vessel, this phenomenon could lead to a collateral damage of the skin.
‘‘Thermal fixing’’ of Ti-indiffused LiNbO3 channel waveguides for reduced photorefractive susceptibility (1984)

A ‘‘thermal fixing’’ process that dramatically reduces the photorefractive susceptibility of Ti-indiffused LiNbO3 channel waveguides has been demonstrated. Guided-wave Mach–Zehnder interferometric modulators were used to characterize the photorefractive susceptibility of the waveguides. These devices were evaluated before and after the thermal fixing process which was seen to be erasable, reproducible, and long-lived. Photorefractive effects were reduced ten times for waveguide operation at λ=0.46 μm and more than 100 times for operation at λ=0.85 μm.
802.1aq Support over EVPN (2013)

This document describes how Ethernet Shortest Path Bridging MAC mode
(802.1aq) can be combined with EVPN in a way that interworks with PBB-
PEs as described in the PBB-EVPN solution in a way that permits
operational isolation of each Ethernet network subtending an EVPN core
while supporting full interworking between the different variations of
Ethernet operation.
Publisher’s Note: “On the resolution of subsurface atomic force microscopy and its implications for subsurface feature sizing” [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 91, 083702 (2020)] (2020)

First Page
Generation of antibodies against human NIS and their characterization with a stable COS-7 cell line expressing high levels of the functional protein (1999)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Effect of Urine pH on the Stability of Doxorubicin and its Recovery from Bladder Instillations (1990)

Doxorubicin (1 mg/ml) was shown to be stable when added to urine samples with a mean natural pH of 5.4 and in urine buffered to a mean pH of 4.6. However, at alkaline pH (mean = 8.1) there was a biphasic degradation of doxorubicin (mean t1/2 = 3.24 and 89 h respectively). The data indicate that buffering intravesical doxorubicin to pH 4.6 (acetate buffer) or pre-dosing of patients with ammonium chloride may minimise loss of active drug during the time for which the drug is retained in the bladder. Recovery of doxorubicin following 1 hour's retention in the bladder was similar (77%) for doses of 38/48 or 78 mg. It is suggested that a dose of 50 mg (1 mg/ml) is sufficient to ensure an adequate delivery of active drug to the bladder wall.
Primitivação de funções racionais (2010)

Texto de apoio à UC da área da Análise Matemática dos cursos de Licenciatura em Física e Optometria e Ciências da Visão da Universidade do Minho.
Trash day: coordinating garbage collection in distributed systems (2015)

Cloud systems such as Hadoop, Spark and Zookeeper are frequently written in Java or other garbage-collected lan-guages. However, GC-induced pauses can have a signifi-cant impact on these workloads. Specifically, GC pauses can reduce throughput for batch workloads, and cause high tail-latencies for interactive applications. In this paper, we show that distributed applications suffer from each node’s language runtime system mak-ing GC-related decisions independently. We first demon-strate this problem on two widely-used systems (Apache Spark and Apache Cassandra). We then propose solv-ing this problem using a Holistic Runtime System, a dis-tributed language runtime that collectively manages run-time services across multiple nodes. We present initial results to demonstrate that this Holistic GC approach is effective both in reducing the impact of GC pauses on a batch workload, and in improv-ing GC-related tail-latencies in an interactive setting. 1
Multinationals in China: (2012)

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Continuous Tissue Pressure Monitor (1979)

A simple laboratory instrument is described for giving continuous readout of interface pressures arising between body tissues and a support system. The sensor used is a rapidly available pneumatic capsule type, but which as normally used only gives single readings. The instrument described allows varying pressures to be studied. The instrument would also have application to pressure measurements under dressings or clothing.