gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An All-Electric Alpine Crossing: Time-Optimal Strategy Calculation via Fleet-Based Vehicle Data (2020)

Recently, individual electric mobility gains significance due to legislation and social discussion. Customers demand longer battery ranges. Advanced planning is a different and more sustainable approach. Potentially, they assist drivers in exploiting the installed range on long journeys. Earlier research of the authors showed that an optimal combination of speed, charging choice and amount potentially reduces overall traveling time on long trips. In this work, a dynamic programming algorithm controls this strategy set time-optimally on an all-electric route from Munich to Verona. For this, location-specific fleet-based data of over 600 000 km are used to improve the reliability of the strategy set in two ways. Firstly, the data provide more realistic location- and time-specific velocity bounds for speed control. Secondly, they provide fleet-sourced dynamics to a traceable analytical consumption model. These additional dynamics lead to 1.8 - 2.3 $ more energy demand in the strategy planning compared to a less accurate consumption map-based approach. Here, the incorporation of dynamics increases the optimizations' reliability. Also, the time-dependent fleet-data allows finding an optimal departure time for the given route. In total, the incorporation of fleet information enhances the robustness of the optimization. This enables a more seamless experience of electric mobility on long trips.
Anaerobic Treatment of Low-Strength Domestic Wastewater Using an Anaerobic Expanded Bed Reactor (1998)

A significant potential exists to lower energy consumption and reduce sludge production by incorporating anaerobic processes into wastewater treatment trains. The specific treatment arrangement studied in this case is the anaerobic treatment of primary clarifier effluent of wastewater treatment plants. Anaerobic batch assays showed that the primary clarifier effluent used in this study was ultimately 90% or more anaerobically biodegradable, thus suitable for anaerobic treatment. The anaerobic expanded bed reactor (AEBR) performed well over a wide range of influent CODs and temperatures, especially under severe conditions (5°C and 50 mg/L influent COD). The most efficient treatment was obtained with HRTs of three to six hours and influent COD of approximately 150 mg/L. Start-up of the reactor took about 60 days at 30°C and 80 days at 20°C.
Kupffer Cell‐mediated Recruitment of Dendritic Cells to the Liver Crucial for a Host Defense (2002)

Tissue recruitment of dendritic cells (DCs) is essential for antigen presentation. When latex particulates were injected intravenously into rats, DC precursors were recruited to the liver. Propionibacterium acnes also induced the recruitment of definite mouse DC precursors. These DCs initially showed a selective binding to Kupffer cells. In the Kupffer cell-depleted rats, DCs could neither be recruited to the liver nor adhere to sinusoidal walls. Pretreatment with varied monosaccharides in vitro showed that sugar residues consisting of N-acetylgalactosamine were necessary for this binding. Mouse DC precursors had CC-chemokine receptor 1 and 5, while granulama tissues and rat Kupffer cells expressed the corresponding chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-lalpha. Recruited DC precursors phagocytosed latex or bacteria and some of them soon translocated to hepatic nodes and induced the immune response there. We conclude that after invasion of pathogens, Kupffer cells not only scavenge them but also recruit DCs/DC precursors via chemokine- and N-acetylgalactosamine-mediated interactions. The accelerated DC traffic and the presence of blood-lymph translocation would induce rapid and efficient immune responses and thus contribute to the local defense to antigens within liver tissues as well as systemic defense to blood-borne antigens.
A Toxoplasma gondii Pseudokinase Inhibits Host IRG Resistance Proteins (2012)

The ability of mice to resist infection with the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, depends in large part on the function of members of a complex family of atypical large GTPases, the interferon-gamma-inducible immunity-related GTPases (IRG proteins). Nevertheless, some strains of T. gondii are highly virulent for mice because, as recently shown, they secrete a polymorphic protein kinase, ROP18, from the rhoptries into the host cell cytosol at the moment of cell invasion. Depending on the allele, ROP18 can act as a virulence factor for T. gondii by phosphorylating and thereby inactivating mouse IRG proteins. In this article we show that IRG proteins interact not only with ROP18, but also strongly with the products of another polymorphic locus, ROP5, already implicated as a major virulence factor from genetic crosses, but whose function has previously been a complete mystery. ROP5 proteins are members of the same protein family as ROP18 kinases but are pseudokinases by sequence, structure, and function. We show by a combination of genetic and biochemical approaches that ROP5 proteins act as essential co-factors for ROP18 and present evidence that they work by enforcing an inactive GDP-dependent conformation on the IRG target protein. By doing so they prevent GTP-dependent activation and simultaneously expose the target threonines on the switch I loop for phosphorylation by ROP18, resulting in permanent inactivation of the protein. This represents a novel mechanism in which a pseudokinase facilitates the phosphorylation of a target by a partner kinase by preparing the substrate for phosphorylation, rather than by upregulation of the activity of the kinase itself.
Protective effect of breast feeding against infection. (1990)

Breast feeding during the first 13 weeks of life confers protection against gastrointestinal illness that persists beyond the period of breast feeding itself.
Anterior chamber and sutured posterior chamber intraocular lenses in eyes with poor capsular support (2005)

The findings suggest that no significant differences in outcome exist when comparing AC IOLs to sutured PC IOLs in complicated cataract extraction with poor capsular support. Recent advances in AC IOL design have yielded lenses that provide a safe, effective alternative to sutured PC IOLs.
Balance Retraining After Stroke Using Force Platform Biofeedback (1997)

Balance is a somewhat ambiguous term used to describe the ability to maintain or move within a weight-bearing posture without falling. Balance can further be broken down into three aspects: steadiness, symmetry, and dynamic stability. Steadiness refers to the ability to maintain a given posture with minimal extraneous movement (sway). The term symmetry is used to describe equal weight distribution between the weight-bearing components (eg, the feet in a standing position, the buttocks in a sitting position), and dynamic stability is the ability to move within a given posture without loss of balance. All of these components of balance (steadiness, symmetry, and dynamic stability) have been found to be disturbed following stroke. Balance testing of patients with hemiparesis secondary to stroke has revealed a greater amount of postural sway during static stance, asymmetry with greater weight on the nonparetic leg, and a decreased ability to move within a weight-bearing posture without loss of balance. Furthermore, research has demonstrated moderate relationships between balance function and gait speed (r = -.67 and .42, respectively), independence (r = .62), appearance (defined as "significantly abnormal," "slightly abnormal," and "nearly normal") (r = .50), dressing (r.55-.69), wheelchair mobility (r = .51), and reaching (r = .49-.78). Thus, a principal construct within physical therapy practice is the reestablishment of balance function in patients following stroke. Recent advances in technology have resulted in the commercial availability of numerous force platform systems for the retraining of balance function in patient populations, including patients with stroke. These systems are designed to provide visual or auditory biofeedback to patients regarding the locus of their center of force (COF) or center of pressure (COP), as well as training protocols to enhance stance symmetry, steadiness, and dynamic stability. Typical force platform biofeedback systems consist of at least two force plates to allow the weight on each foot to be determined, a computer and monitor to allow visualization of the COF or COP, and software that provides training protocols and data analysis capabilities. Some units allow auditory feedback in addition to the visual feedback in response to errors in performance.
Deinterlacing using motion compensated local spectra (2002)

A new algorithm for deinterlacing of interlaced scanned video sequences is presented. The proposed algorithm is based on local spectra analysis of even and odd image fields. The local spectral analysis is performed based on overlapped block decomposition and motion compensation. The aliasing relationship of matching blocks in the interlaced fields and the sampling lattice information obtained by subpixel registration are utilized to reconstruct deinterlaced frames. Simulation results demonstrate that the resulting frames contain less spatial aliasing and sharper edges than frames generated using commonly used approaches such as median filtering and linear interpolation.
Biomimetische Synthese von Santalin A,B und Santarubin A,B, den Hautpigmenten des Roten Sandelholzes (2013)

Besser spät als nie! Fast 200 Jahre nach Pelletiers ersten Studien zu den Inhaltsstoffen des Roten Sandelholzes konnten die Santaline und Santarubine synthetisiert werden. Der effiziente Zugang fußt auf einer Isoflavonoidsynthese nach Knochel sowie auf Friedel-Crafts-Allylierungen und Olefinmetathesen und wird durch eine biomimetische Kaskade abgerundet, die die altehrwürdigen Benzoxanthenon-Farbstoffe in einem Schritt liefert. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Understanding multilayered applications for building extensions (2013)

Modern software applications typically consist of several logical layers (for example user interface, databases, business process, code, etc.). Software is usually delivered by a software provider to support a certain application domain through a set of predefined functionalities. A user acquiring the software can obtain extra functionalities through extensions. Extensions can be developed by the software provider, by the customer, or a third-party and then integrated with the core software. In order to enable core software for accommodating extensions, software providers must give the right means for enabling developers to build extensions. Based on the new functionalities required, developers building extensions usually consider different layers of the core software when developing extensions. For example, a simple user interface extension in a business application would need a developer to consider extensible artifacts from underlying user interfaces, business processes, databases, and code. Usually a developer relies on code based artifacts, documentation, examples, and/or training in order to be able to understand the extensibility model of a core application. Various program comprehension tools have helped developers in carrying out general development tasks. However, most of the tools focus on the code level, lack the support for multilayered applications, and do not support extensibility. In this paper we discuss the challenges and problems of the developers when building extensions for multilayered applications. We also assess the feasibility of several program comprehension tools in addressing these challenges.
Abstract IA16: Discovery of new immunotherapy targets and mechanisms leveraging CRISPR (2021)

Abstract This talk discusses a CRISPR-Cas9 based platform for in vivo screening of immune genes. This platform facilitates discovery of regulators of tumor immunity and targets for combination therapy. We will discuss the use of this platform to perform in vivo CRISPR-based screens to enable rapid discovery of therapeutic targets in immune cells, and our identification of Ptpn2 as a negative regulator of exhausted CD8+ T cell responses using this CRISPR platform. Citation Format: Arlene H. Sharpe. Discovery of new immunotherapy targets and mechanisms leveraging CRISPR [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2020 Oct 19-20. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2021;9(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
Lateral Dot with Tunable Number of Electrons (1999)

Transport measurements are presented on a class of electrostatically defined lateral dots within a high mobility two dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The new design allows Coulomb Blockade(CB) measurements to be performed on a single lateral dot containing 0, 1 to over 50 electrons. The CB measurements are enhanced by the spin polarized injection from and into 2DEG magnetic edge states. This combines the measurement of charge with the measurement of spin through spin blockade spectroscopy. The results of Coulomb and spin blockade spectroscopy for first 45 electrons enable us to construct the addition spectrum of a lateral device. We also demonstrate that a lateral dot containing a single electron is an effective local probe of a 2DEG edge.
Empowering Electric and Gas Utilities with GIS (2007)

Electric and gas utilities shoulder vast responsibilities to their customers, shareholders, government regulators, and the environment, ever aware of the critical role they play in keeping homes heated, factories running, and cities illuminated. An enterprise GIS can transform utilities by rasing efficiency and lowering costs while enhancing communication and decision-making processes. Cast studies featured in Empowering Electric and Gas Utilities with GIS detail the difference an enterprise GIS can make to a power provider of any size.
Maxillofacial Injuries: A Synopsis of Basic Principles, Diagnosis and Management (1994)

Dentoalveolar injuries mandibular injuries condylar injuries maxillary fractures nasal injuries zygomatic fractures orbital fractures rigid internal fixation gunshot injuries ophthalmic injuries head injuries.
Ideal and Actual Images of Backpacker Visitors to Northern Australia (1993)

The actual and ideal destination images of 400 backpacker visitors to the wet tropics region of northern Australia were examined together with enjoyment ratings and revisitation intentions. Most prominent ideal destination images involved positive ratings of the friendliness of local residents, high quality tourist information, and freely available suit able accommodation. Most prominent actual images involved positive ratings of the varied physical environment, friendly local residents, and the destination's authenticity. Images involving friendly local residents were found to be more related to revisit intentions and higher levels of enjoyment than had been expected. Implications of these findings for this growing visitor segment are examined.
Charge control model of the double delta-doped quantum-well field-effect transistor (1994)

The charge control properties of Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As-GaAs-Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As quantum-well field-effect transistor (FET) with double /spl delta/-doped planes are studied theoretically. A simple capacitor-like charge control model for the double/spl delta/-doped quantum-well FET's has been proposed and verified through self-consistent calculation. The threshold voltage and the capacitance can be related to the structure through simple analytical equations. The effective separation between capacitor plates is found to be the thickness of AlGaAs layer d+d/sub i/+/spl delta/ plus a correction term to account for the distribution of N/sub 2DEG/ inside the GaAs quantum well. For small well widths, only the ground-state subband is occupied and there is a simple linear relation between N/sub 2DEG/ and the gate bias V/sub G/. For larger well widths, electrons occupied the lowest subband, then the next higher energy subband, and the relation between the N/sub 2DEG/ and the V/sub G/ can be divided into piece-wise linear regions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dual Role of LldR in Regulation of the lldPRD Operon, Involved in l -Lactate Metabolism in Escherichia coli (2008)

The lldPRD operon of Escherichia coli, involved in L-lactate metabolism, is induced by growth in this compound. We experimentally identified that this system is transcribed from a single promoter with an initiation site located 110 nucleotides upstream of the ATG start codon. On the basis of computational data, it had been proposed that LldR and its homologue PdhR act as regulators of the lldPRD operon. Nevertheless, no experimental data on the function of these regulators have been reported so far. Here we show that induction of an lldP-lacZ fusion by L-lactate is lost in an Delta lldR mutant, indicating the role of LldR in this induction. Expression analysis of this construct in a pdhR mutant ruled out the participation of PdhR in the control of lldPRD. Gel shift experiments showed that LldR binds to two operator sites, O1 (positions -105 to -89) and O2 (positions +22 to +38), with O1 being filled at a lower concentration of LldR. L-Lactate induced a conformational change in LldR that did not modify its DNA binding activity. Mutations in O1 and O2 enhanced the basal transcriptional level. However, only mutations in O1 abolished induction by L-lactate. Mutants with a change in helical phasing between O1 and O2 behaved like O2 mutants. These results were consistent with the hypothesis that LldR has a dual role, acting as a repressor or an activator of lldPRD. We propose that in the absence of L-lactate, LldR binds to both O1 and O2, probably leading to DNA looping and the repression of transcription. Binding of L-lactate to LldR promotes a conformational change that may disrupt the DNA loop, allowing the formation of the transcription open complex.
U-connect (2010)

Mobile sensor nodes can be used for a wide variety of applications such as social networks and location tracking. An important requirement for all such applications is that the mobile nodes need to actively discover their neighbors with minimal energy and latency. Nodes in mobile networks are not necessarily synchronized with each other, making the neighbor discovery problem all the more challenging. In this paper, we propose a neighbor discovery protocol called U-Connect, which achieves neighbor discovery at minimal and predictable energy costs while allowing nodes to pick dissimilar duty-cycles. We provide a theoretical formulation of this asynchronous neighbor discovery problem, and evaluate it using the power-latency product metric. We analytically establish that U-Connect is an 1.5-approximation algorithm for the symmetric asynchronous neighbor discovery problem, whereas existing protocols like Quorum and Disco are 2-approximation algorithms. We evaluate the performance of U-Connect and compare the performance of U-Connect with that of existing neighbor discovery protocols. We have implemented U-Connect on our custom portable FireFly Badge hardware platform. A key aspect of our implementation is that it uses a slot duration of only 250μs, and achieves orders of magnitude lower latency for a given duty cycle compared to existing schemes for wireless sensor networks. We provide experimental results from our implementation on a network of around 20 sensor nodes. Finally, we also describe a Friend-Finder application that uses the neighbor discovery service provided by U-Connect.
Enhancing Disorder-Free Localization through Dynamically Emergent Local Symmetries (2022)

Disorder-free localization is a recently discovered phenomenon of nonergodicity that can emerge in quantum many-body systems hosting gauge symmetries when the initial state is prepared in a superposition of gauge superselection sectors. Thermalization is then prevented up to all accessible evolution times despite the model being nonintegrable and translation invariant. In a recent work [Halimeh et al., arXiv:2111.02427 (2021)], it has been shown that terms linear in the gauge-symmetry generator stabilize disorder-free localization in U(1) gauge theories against gauge errors that couple different superselection sectors. Here, we show in the case of Z 2 gauge theories that disorder-free localization can not only be stabilized, but also enhanced by the addition of translation-invariant terms linear in a local Z 2 pseudogenerator that acts identically to the full generator in a single superselection sector, but not necessarily outside of it. We show analytically and numerically how this leads through the quantum Zeno effect to the dynamical emergence of a renormalized gauge theory with an enhanced local symmetry, which contains the Z 2 gauge symmetry of the ideal model, associated with the Z 2 pseudogenerator. The resulting proliferation of superselection sectors due to this dynamically emergent gauge theory creates an effective disorder greater than that in the original model, thereby enhancing disorder-free localization. We demonstrate the experimental feasibility of the Z 2 pseudogenerator by providing a detailed readily implementable experimental proposal for the observation of disorder-free localization in a Rydberg setup.
D-FET – A community cloud for enhancing skills using virtualised environments and cloud-based infrastructures. (2011)

The use of virtualised and cloud-based environments provide an excellent opportunity to enhance learning and to provide students with skills which match exactly to the requirements of industry, along with integrating with professional certification. This presentation shows two examples, in computer security and digital forensics (at undergraduate and postgraduate level), where students can learn on enhanced infrastructure which would not have been possible before the extensive development of virtualised and cloud-based infrastructures. It shows how a range of virtualised environments, including using Amazon Web Services, a university-built cloud, and from Flexiant (a local cloud provider) have been used to provide exposure to a wide range of environments which are pre-build, or which are built-up throughout the module, and thus supports the students within a safe environment in which they can learn without any danger, and where errors can be easily undone. The environments can thus be created to use industry-standard tools and infrastructure, and these can be joined together to create collaborative work, along with the continuation of work after the practical lab work has been done. The presentation shows the results from surveys of students on the module, and their perceptions of working within virtualised environments, and highlights that one of the key factors is that they can work in real-life and complete environments, and on a range of systems, which are well matched to the needs of industry. The presentation also shows how virtualisation has been used to support both blended and distance learning students using the same labs which are accessed within a face-to-face practical session, but done through a virtualised environment, all through a Web browser. Finally, the presentation will present a new community cloud which allows students from around Scotland to work within a virtualised infrastructure (hosted by a local Scottish company), and which industry and the public sector are able to contribute to in order to share training material and create relevant infrastructures for students. It thus shows that Scotland is leading the world in developments in this area.