gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring Washington, D.C. (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTExploring Washington, D.C.Paul S. Cohen and Brenda H. Cohen View Author Information Chemistry Department, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628-0718Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 8, 961Publication Date (Web):August 1, 2000Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 2000Published inissue 1 August 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ed077p961RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views33Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (61 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Determination of Chloride Content in Cementitious Materials: From Fundamental Aspects to Application of Ag/AgCl Chloride Sensors (2017)

This paper reports on the advantages and drawbacks of available test methods for the determination of chloride content in cementitious materials in general, and the application of Ag/AgCl chloride sensors in particular. The main factors that affect the reliability of a chloride sensor are presented. The thermodynamic behaviour of silver in the presence or absence of chloride ions is described and kinetic restrictions are addressed. The parameters that can affect the activity of chloride ions in the medium and/or the rate of ion exchange and dissolution/precipitation processes at the sensor's surface are also considered. In this regard, the contribution of morphology and microstructure of the AgCl layer, binding of chloride ions and the compactness of hydration products around the chloride sensor are highlighted. The important parameters for a reliable sensor's response are discussed and the possible causes of inaccuracies are evaluated.
The porous, guidewire-directed, detachable aneurysm liner: a new concept in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. (1999)

A new device for the endovascular treatment of aneurysms is described. It consists of a guidewire-directed porous liner or bag, detachably mounted on a microcatheter and designed to be inserted into an aneurysm and to be filled with detachable coils or other embolic agents. Several prototypes have been made. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated its behavior in relatively wide-necked aneurysms.
Splicing Factor Tra2-β1 Is Specifically Induced in Breast Cancer and Regulates Alternative Splicing of theCD44Gene (2006)

The human CD44 gene undergoes extensive alternative splicing of multiple variable exons positioned in a cassette in the middle of the gene. Expression of alternative exons is often restricted to certain tissues and could be associated with tumor progression and metastasis of several human malignancies, including breast cancer. Exon v4 contains multiple copies of a C/A-rich exon enhancer sequence required for optimal inclusion of the exon and binding to the nucleic acid-binding proteins YB-1 and human Tra2-beta1. Here, we show that hTra2-beta1, a member of the extended family of serine/arginine-rich (SR) splicing factors, enhances the in vivo inclusion of CD44 exons v4 and v5. It increased inclusion of exons v4 and v5 and acted synergistically with YB-1. Activation required the C/A-rich enhancer within exon v4. Several other SR proteins had none or only a slight effect on CD44 exon inclusion. In contrast, SC35 inhibited exon usage and antagonized the effects of Tra2 or YB-1. In a matched pair analysis of human breast cancers and their corresponding nonpathologic tissue controls, we found a significant induction of Tra2-beta1 in invasive breast cancer, both on the RNA and protein levels. Together with our functional data, these results suggest an important role for Tra2-beta1 in breast cancer. Induction of this splicing factor might be responsible for splicing of CD44 isoforms associated with tumor progression and metastasis.
A novel broadband leaky-wave antenna fed with composite right/left handed transmission line (2007)

In this paper, we propose a novel broadband planar feeding structure composed of conventional microstrip and CRLH transmission lines (CRLH-TL). Design concepts for both microstrip leaky-wave antenna and broadband feeding structure with CRLH-TL are reported. Performances of the feeder and measured result of antenna system are shown comparing with the simulated data.
High Inversion Current in Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistors (2004)

Silicon nanowire (SiNW) field effect transistors (FETs) with channel widths down to 20 nm have been fabricated by a conventional “top-down” approach by using electron-beam lithography. The SiNW device shows higher inversion channel current density than the control devices. The extracted electron inversion mobility of the 20 nm width nanowire channel (≈1000 cm2/Vs) is found to be 2 times higher than that of the reference MOSFET (≈480 cm2/Vs) of large dimension (W ≥ 1 μm). We attribute this mobility increase to strain-induced changes in the band structure of the SiNW after oxidation.
A New Superionic Plastic Polymorph of the Na + Conductor Na 3 PS 4 (2019)

Na3PS4 is one of the most promising Na+ conductors, relevant for applications that can leverage its high ionic conductivity, such as solid-state batteries. Currently, two crystalline phases of the material have been identified, and it has been thought to melt above 500 °C. In contrast, based on diffraction, ab initio simulations, impedance spectroscopy, and thermal analysis, we show that Na3PS4 remains solid above this temperature and transforms to a third polymorph, γ, exhibiting fast-ion conduction and an orthorhombic crystal structure. We show that the fast Na+-conduction is associated with rotational motion of the thiophosphate polyanions pointing to a plastic crystal. These findings are of major importance for the development and understanding of new polyanion-based solid electrolytes.
Light absorption enhancement in ultra-thin layers for hot-carrier solar cells: first developments towards the experimental demonstration of an enhanced hot-carrier effect with light trapping (2019)

International audience
Characterisation of Adaptive Fluidic Silicone-Membrane Lenses (2010)

We compare the performance and optical quality of two types of adaptive fluidic silicone-membrane lenses. The membranes feature either a homogeneous thickness, or they are shaped resulting in an inhomogeneous cross-section. The lens systems incorporate a piezoelectric actuator which is operated in a regime of ±40 V. The shaped membrane lenses show lower wave front errors than the planar ones, down to 24 nm. The pumping actuator indicates a maximum pump volume of 1159 nl at an inner piezo radius of 2.75 mm for the smallest supporting ring configuration. The full system with a planar membrane achieves a larger refractive power ranging from +19 to −14 dpt. It also shows a shorter full scale response time (tplanar = 23.9 ms) compared to the shaped membrane (tshaped = 35.4 ms).
Optical Fourier Processing of Subcellular Structure (2008)

We demonstrate a microscope for optical Fourier processing with high frequency resolution. Quantitative object maps that encode local morphological parameters with sub-wavelength sensitivity are generated. Applications include analysis of multiple non-spherical scatterers within living cells.
Counteractive Effects of Propionate or 1,2-Propanediol Against Hypoglycemia and Ketonemia of Tributyrin-Treated Cows (1984)

We administered tributyrin (500 ml), tributyrin (500 ml) plus magnesium propionate (400 g), tributyrin (500 ml) plus sodium propionate (400 g), or tributyrin (500 ml) plus 1,2-propanediol (400 ml) as a single dose into rumens of lactating cows and then measured in blood the plasma concentrations of glucose, acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids, and insulin as a function of time. Tributyrin administration caused hypoglycemia and hyperketonemia similar to the ketotic condition in less than 3 h and was a negative correlation of --.88 between glucose and ketone concentrations in blood plasma. Administration of either magnesium propionate, sodium propionate, or 1,2-propanediol could counteract the hypoglycemia and hyperketonemia induced by tributyrin administration without significantly changing the insulin response. Of the two propionate compounds, magnesium propionate was more effective than sodium propionate for alleviating hypoglycemia and hyperketonemia.
Should Surgical Burs Be Used as Single-Use Devices to Avoid Cross Infection? A Case-Control Study (2015)

The new and unused burs were 100% sterile after high-pressure steam autoclaving, whereas 5% of the reused burs appeared positive with bacterial contamination. After low-pressure steam autoclaving, reused burs were 100% sterile, but 1 new bur demonstrated bacterial contamination.
Flashing Hammer Phenomenon in Rapid Liquid-Liquid Contact (2003)

In a wall crack accident or loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) in an advanced reactor with water filled containment, high pressure saturated water is discharged from the pressure vessel into the low-pressure, low-temperature water of the containment. The discharged saturated water causes flashing and generates steam. Steam is then condensed by the water in the containment. This paper describes our study of high pressure saturated water that rapidly contacts low-pressure, low-temperature water. The purpose of the study was to clarify the transient phenomena that occur when high pressure saturated water blows down from a pressure vessel into a water filled containment during a wall crack accident or LOCA in an advanced reactor. The experimental results revealed that flashing of high-pressure saturated water and a subsequent water hammer occurred under the specified experimental settings. Pressure peaked when steam generation or flashing occurred at the wall surface and the flashing steam condensed. After the peak, pressure oscillated and reached equilibrium condition in a short time. The pressure oscillation might have been caused by a balancing action between the flashing of high pressure saturated water and condensation of the steam generated by flashing in low-pressure, low-temperature water. To check the results of the experiments, numerical analyses were conducted. The numerical results cleared the mechanism behind flashing hammer phenomenon.
:Estúdio, vol.10, nº27 (Jul./Set. 2019) (2017)

Refletindo sobre a arte enfenta-se coisa difícil, e não raro temos de encarar o regresso à partida: é coisa antiga, ligação funda ao que diferencia o humano, assentando na arbitrariedade da sua cultura e na sua transmissão sígnica. A pergunta, na busca dos grandes signos, é quase simples: o que há de novo? Poderia dizer-se que a esta pergunta respondem, cada um a seu modo, os 16 artistas, agora autores, desafiados pela convocatória desta revista: no Estúdio se faz a Estúdio.
The normally expressed κ immunoglobulin light chain gene repertoire and somatic mutations studied by single-sided specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR); frequent occurrence of features often assigned to autoimmunity (1997)

The expressed human kappa light chain gene repertoire utilized by healthy individuals was studied by two different single-sided specific PCR techniques to avoid bias for certain V genes. A total of 103 rearranged kappa sequences from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals were cloned from cDNA and assigned to the Vkappa and Jkappa germ-line genes with the closest overall homology. The use of cDNA rather than genomic DNA focused the analysis on activated B cells rich in mRNA. Accordingly, the sequences represented the applied repertoire and almost all were somatically mutated. V genes from the Jkappa-proximal duplication unit of the kappa locus were almost exclusively used. A total of 65% of the sequences could be assigned to four or five genes: A27 (humkv325), L6 (Vg), L2 (humkv328), and A3 and/or A19. N additions and P nucleotides were quite common and found in 32% and 21% of the sequences, respectively. Extended CDR3s more than nine residues in length were found in 18% of the sequences, and in 71% of cases this was due to insertion of an extra proline residue. This proline was usually explained from the germ-line sequences involved. These results are in good agreement with those of previous repertoire studies using potentially V-gene-biased techniques. Thus, it is clear that restricted V-gene usage, common N and P additions, and extended CDR3 regions are normal features and not, as has been claimed, characteristics of pathological autoantibodies.
Constitutive Active CPK30 Interferes With Root Growth and Endomembrane Trafficking in Arabidopsis thaliana (2022)

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPK) are key components of a wide array of signaling pathways, translating stress and nutrient signaling into the modulation of cellular processes such as ion transport and transcription. However, not much is known about CPKs in endomembrane trafficking. Here, we screened for CPKs that impact on root growth and gravitropism, by overexpressing constitutively active forms of CPKs under the control of an inducible promoter in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. We found that inducible overexpression of an constitutive active CPK30 (CA-CPK30) resulted in a loss of root gravitropism and ectopic auxin accumulation in the root tip. Immunolocalization revealed that CA-CPK30 roots have reduced PIN protein levels, PIN1 polarity defects and impaired Brefeldin A (BFA)-sensitive trafficking. Moreover, FM4-64 uptake was reduced, indicative of a defect in endocytosis. The effects on BFA-sensitive trafficking were not specific to PINs, as BFA could not induce aggregation of ARF1- and CHC-labeled endosomes in CA-CPK30. Interestingly, the interference with BFA-body formation, could be reverted by increasing the extracellular pH, indicating a pH-dependence of this CA-CPK30 effect. Altogether, our data reveal an important role for CPK30 in root growth regulation and endomembrane trafficking in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.
[Long-term side-effects of diuretics in the treatment of hypertension (author's transl)]. (1981)

The clinical and biochemical side-effects of diuretics administered without potassium supplement were monitored during one year in 58 hypertensive out-patients. The only changes observed were a moderate rise in triglycerides (correlated with weight increase) and in blood glucose. Blood urea, creatinine, potassium, calcium, uric acid and cholesterol remained unchanged. The objections raised against the use of diuretics as anti-hypertensive agents, such as the need for close surveillance of biochemical values and the fear that the beneficial effects on blood pressure would be upset by an increase in other cardiovascular risk factors (some of which are still highly controversial), therefore appear to be unfounded.
Monogenic Diabetes and Integrated Stress Response Genes Display Altered Gene Expression in Type 1 Diabetes (2021)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has a multifactorial autoimmune etiology, involving environmental prompts and polygenic predisposition. We hypothesized that pancreata from individuals with and at risk for T1D would exhibit dysregulated expression of genes associated with monogenic forms of diabetes caused by nonredundant single-gene mutations. Using a "monogenetic transcriptomic strategy," we measured the expression of these genes in human T1D, autoantibody-positive (autoantibody+), and control pancreas tissues with real-time quantitative PCR in accordance with the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines. Gene and protein expression was visualized in situ with use of immunofluorescence, RNAscope, and confocal microscopy. Two dozen monogenic diabetes genes showed altered expression in human pancreata from individuals with T1D versus unaffected control subjects. Six of these genes also saw dysregulation in pancreata from autoantibody+ individuals at increased risk for T1D. As a subset of these genes are related to cellular stress responses, we measured integrated stress response (ISR) genes and identified 20 with altered expression in T1D pancreata, including three of the four eIF2α-dependent kinases. Equally intriguing, we observed significant repression of the three arms of the ISR in autoantibody+ pancreata. Collectively, these efforts suggest monogenic diabetes and ISR genes are dysregulated early in the T1D disease process and likely contribute to the disorder's pathogenesis.
Position-independent Expression of Whey Acidic Protein Transgenes (1995)

The expression of a 3-kilobase genomic rat whey acidic protein (WAP) clone (-949/+2020) in transgenic mice has been demonstrated previously to be copy number-dependent and independent of the site of integration (Dale, T., Krnacik, M. J., Schmidhauser, C., Yang, C. Q.-L., Bissell, M. J., and Rosen, J. M. (1992) Mol. Cell. Biol. 12, 905-914). The present study demonstrated that position-independent expression of the rat WAP -949/+2020 transgene was dependent on transgene spacing. Position-independent expression also was inhibited by an internal replacement of 49 base pair within the conserved GC-rich 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) with an identically sized nonspecific DNA sequence. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, nuclear factors isolated from mouse and human cells were shown to associate specifically with the rWAP 3'-UTR DNA, but not with the 3'-UTR containing the internal replacement or specific point mutations. Since a single copy of the 3'-UTR inserted 5' of the promoter could not rescue the 3'-UTR deletion, the 3'-UTR element does not appear to be functioning as either a classic enhancer or insulator element. However, the level of expression of rWAP transgenes was correlated with transgene association with the chromosomal scaffold in vivo.
Free Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Laser Ablation in Organic Solvents and Their Easy Functionalization (2007)

Stable colloidal solutions of free silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized without reducing and stabilizing agents in pure acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide by laser ablation of the bulk metal. Synthesis in tetrahydrofuran and dimethyl sulfoxide gave nanoparticles surrounded by a carbon shell or included in a carbon matrix. Mie theory for free and core@shell spheres accounts for the UV-vis spectra of the nanoparticles and allows their structural characterization. Transmission electron microscopy confirms the structure of the synthesized AgNPs. It is shown that free nanoparticles can be immediately functionalized, without further treatments, in the organic solvent used for the synthesis with molecules which are soluble in the same solvent.
Ab initio calculation of electrostatic multipoles with Wannier functions for large-scale biomolecular simulations (2004)

It has long been known that accurate electrostatics is a key issue for improving current force fields for large-scale biomolecular simulations. Typically, this calls for an improved and more accurate description of the molecular electrostatic potential, which eliminates the artifacts associated with current point charge-based descriptions. In turn, this involves the partitioning of the extended molecular charge distribution, so that charges and multipole moments can be assigned to different atoms. As an alternate to current approaches, we have investigated a charge partitioning scheme that is based on the maximally localized Wannier functions. This has the advantage of partitioning the charge, and placing it around the molecule in a chemically meaningful manner. Moreover, higher order multipoles may all be calculated without any undue numerical difficulties. Tests on isolated molecules and water dimers, show that the molecular electrostatic potentials generated by such a Wannier-function based approach are in excellent agreement with the density functional-based calculations.
Efficacy and safety evaluation of HSD‐1 inhibitor ABT‐384 in Alzheimer's disease (2014)

Abstract Background In this study we assessed increased cortisol in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The selective 11‐β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD‐1) inhibitor ABT‐384 blocked regeneration of active cortisol and this tests the hypothesis that intracellular hypercortisolism contributes to cognitive impairment. Methods In this double‐blind, placebo‐ and active‐controlled phase II study we examine the efficacy and safety of ABT‐384 given 10 mg or 50 mg once daily, donepezil 10 mg once daily, or placebo for 12 weeks in subjects with mild‐to‐moderate AD. The primary efficacy end point was the change from baseline to final evaluation on the 13‐item Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive subscale (ADAS‐Cog) total score. Results The study was terminated for futility after randomization of 267 subjects. ABT‐384 did not improve ADAS‐Cog scores or any secondary end point; however, donepezil significantly improved both cognition and functional end points. Overall incidence of adverse events was similar among treatment groups. Conclusion ABT‐384, when tested at doses associated with complete brain HSD‐1 inhibition, did not produce symptomatic improvement in AD.
Selective Epitaxial Growth by Ultrahigh-Vacuum Chemical Vapor Deposition with Alternating Gas Supply of Si2H6 and Cl2 (2000)

Selective epitaxial growth of Si using a Si 3 N 4 mask has been carried out by ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition with an alternating supply of disilane (Si 2 H 6 ) and chlorine (Cl 2 ) gases. In the present gas supply method, selectivity of Si to Si 3 N 4 is attained mainly by etching of poly-Si deposited on Si 3 N 4 with Cl 2 , while grown film structures depend on the substrate temperature and the total supply of Si 2 H 6 and Cl 2 gases. The passivation effect of chlorine on growing film surfaces dominates at a low growth temperature (600°C). On the other hand, the passivation effect weakens with increasing temperature and thus the epitaxial film thickness is determined by both the growth rate with Si 2 H 6 and the etching rate with Cl 2 on Si.