gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Influence of Non-Fullerene Acceptor Molecular&nbsp;Packing on Phovoltaic Performance of Organic Solar Cells (2020)

Abstract In non-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs), the long-range structure ordering induced by end group π–π stacking of fused-ring non-fullerene acceptors is considered as the critical factor in realizing efficient charge transport and high power conversion efficiency. Here, we demonstrate that side-chain engineering of non-fullerene acceptors could drive the fused-ring backbone assembly from a π–π stacking mode to an intermixed packing mode, and to a non-stacking mode to refine its solid-state properties. Different from the above-mentioned understanding, we find that close atom contacts in a non-stacking mode can form efficient charge transport pathway through close side atom interactions. The intermixed solid-state packing motif in active layers could enable OSCs with superior efficiency and reduced non-radiative recombination loss compared with devices based on molecules with the classic end-group π–π stacking mode. Our observations provide new insights into the influence of non-fullerene acceptor molecular packing on exciton dissociation, charge transport, and recombination losses, and open a new avenue in material design that endows better photovoltaic performance.
Quantized periodic orbits in large antidot arrays (1993)

The resistivity ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{x}\mathit{x}}$ measured in large antidot arrays as a function of an applied perpendicular magnetic field B displays distinct quantum oscillations at very low temperatures. These oscillations characteristically differ from conventional Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations which are periodic in 1/B. A crossover to B periodic oscillations at low B discloses the influence of the imposed potential. Applying semiclassical periodic orbit theory to the nonintegrable (chaotic) electron motion in the antidot lattice we attribute these phenomena to the quantization of few fundamental periodic orbits.
A Fuzzy Logic System for Seizure Onset Detection in Intracranial EEG (2012)

We present a multistage fuzzy rule-based algorithm for epileptic seizure onset detection. Amplitude, frequency, and entropy-based features were extracted from intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) recordings and considered as the inputs for a fuzzy system. These features extracted from multichannel iEEG signals were combined using fuzzy algorithms both in feature domain and in spatial domain. Fuzzy rules were derived based on experts' knowledge and reasoning. An adaptive fuzzy subsystem was used for combining characteristics features extracted from iEEG. For the spatial combination, three channels from epileptogenic zone and one from remote zone were considered into another fuzzy subsystem. Finally, a threshold procedure was applied to the fuzzy output derived from the final fuzzy subsystem. The method was evaluated on iEEG datasets selected from Freiburg Seizure Prediction EEG (FSPEEG) database. A total of 112.45 hours of intracranial EEG recordings was selected from 20 patients having 56 seizures was used for the system performance evaluation. The overall sensitivity of 95.8% with false detection rate of 0.26 per hour and average detection latency of 15.8 seconds was achieved.
Striated muscle-specific β1D-integrin and FAK are involved in cardiac myocyte hypertrophic response pathway (2000)

Alterations in the extracellular matrix occur during the cardiac hypertrophic process. Because integrins mediate cell-matrix adhesion and beta(1D)-integrin (beta1D) is expressed exclusively in cardiac and skeletal muscle, we hypothesized that beta1D and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a proximal integrin-signaling molecule, are involved in cardiac growth. With the use of cultured ventricular myocytes and myocardial tissue, we found the following: 1) beta1D protein expression was upregulated perinatally; 2) alpha(1)-adrenergic stimulation of cardiac myocytes increased beta1D protein levels 350% and altered its cellular distribution; 3) adenovirally mediated overexpression of beta1D stimulated cellular reorganization, increased cell size by 250%, and induced molecular markers of the hypertrophic response; and 4) overexpression of free beta1D cytoplasmic domains inhibited alpha(1)-adrenergic cellular organization and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) expression. Additionally, FAK was linked to the hypertrophic response as follows: 1) coimmunoprecipitation of beta1D and FAK was detected; 2) FAK overexpression induced ANF-luciferase; 3) rapid and sustained phosphorylation of FAK was induced by alpha(1)-adrenergic stimulation; and 4) blunting of the alpha(1)-adrenergically modulated hypertrophic response was caused by FAK mutants, which alter Grb2 or Src binding, as well as by FAK-related nonkinase, a dominant interfering FAK mutant. We conclude that beta1D and FAK are both components of the hypertrophic response pathway of cardiac myocytes.
Adaptive Changes after Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmission (2002)

Primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) is associated with a period of viremia, the resolution of which generally coincides with the development of both humoral and cellular immune responses. In this study replication-competent quasispecies were derived from virus isolated from an individual before and after seroconversion. Virus was also isolated from the presumed donor. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of biological clones identified transmission of an R5/M-tropic phenotype. However, the ability of clones derived from the recipient to replicate in primary macrophages and PBMCs was restricted after transmission. This apparent selection process was supported by analysis of molecular clones derived from the isolated virus. Analysis of the ratio of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions predicted the existence of selective pressure soon after transmission, coincident with the development of HIV-1-specific antibodies. An Env trans-complementation assay demonstrated that the infectivity of a clone derived from the recipient after seroconversion was enhanced in the presence of a selected neutralizing antibody, indicating that the developing humoral immune response may have at least in part contributed to the selective pressure identified.
Clinical Balance Testing to Screen for Patients With Vestibular Disorders: A Retrospective Case-control Study (2020)

Combinations of clinical tests are proposed to promptly screen for vestibular disorders in specific age groups. To interpret the results for the individual patient, the physician must take the history and the general examination into consideration.
Evaluation of popular application sandboxing (2011)

Sandboxing is a modern technique that can be employed at the application or OS level to test untrusted or untested programs. It monitors and limits the level of access that the program has. This can prevent the damaging effect of a program if it is malicious or not coded properly. Nonetheless, sandboxing adds extra overhead cost which affects the speed and performance of a running program. In this paper, we focus on evaluating experimentally popular sandboxes that run at the application level. We examine the performance of application sandboxes by running different types of benchmarks within these sandboxes. We examine the performance in terms of execution time and the usage of physical memory, disk I/O, and network I/O.
Fentanyl Abuse and Dependence (2006)

We have proposed a novel hypothesis regarding the potential role of occupational or second-hand exposure in physician substance use, abuse, and addiction. While only 5.6% of licensed physicians in Florida are anesthesiologists, nearly 25% of physicians followed for substance abuse/dependence are anesthesiologists. When we sort by drug of choice, anesthesiologists have more opioid abuse and dependence than other physicians and appropriate controls. Abuse of one opioid, fentanyl, appears to be increasing and has been noted among the State of Florida's causes of opioid deaths. Fentanyl and sufentanyl are commonly administered highly potent opioid analgesics, as much as 80-800 times as potent as morphine. We have recent data from the State of Florida impaired physicians database, which has allowed us to categorize all fentanyl abusing and/ or dependent physicians. Just knowing that a physician abuses fentanyl gives you a good clue as to their specialty; 75% are anesthesiologists! While drug abuse researchers, oncologists and others who handle drugs of abuse everyday, have no greater incidence of opioid abuse or dependence, anesthesiologists are at the top of every list. Can this be due to just access and stress? We have proposed an alternative hypothesis of second hand exposure. To test this hypothesis, we developed a sensitive LC/MS/MS assay to measure the intravenous anesthetic and analgesic agents, propofol and fentanyl in air. Not only did we detect propofol and fentanyl in cardiovascular surgery operating room air, we also found the highest concentrations were close to the patient's mouth where anesthesiologists work for hours. Like tobacco, second hand opioid exposure can sensitize and change the brain making abuse, dependence and behavioral disorders more likely. Thus environmental exposure and sensitization may be an important risk factor in physician addiction. Second hand exposure may affect treatment outcome and explain anesthesiologist's inability to return to work in the operating room. We are developing an animal model for second hand exposure and additional studies of the operating room and cardiac anesthesiologists are underway.
Highly stable, luminescent core–shell type methylammonium–octylammonium lead bromide layered perovskite nanoparticles (2016)

A new protocol for the synthesis of a highly stable (over 2 months under ambient conditions) solution-processed core-shell type structure of mixed methylammonium-octylammonium lead bromide perovskite nanoparticles (5-12 nm), having spherical shape, color tunability in the blue to green spectral region (438-521 nm) and a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of up to 92% is described. The color tunability, high PLQY and stability are due to the quantum confinement imparted by the crystal engineering associated with core-shell nanoparticle formation during growth.
La maladie de Parkinson - État de la question (1996)

L’état de la question sur la maladie de Parkinson porte ici surtout sur la population âgée. Cette maladie apparaît le plus souvent entre 55 et 65 ans, mais sa prévalence augmente avec l’âge. Cette revue aborde l’étiologie de la maladie de Parkinson, avec les facteurs génétiques, ceux liés à l’environnement, et les facteurs endogènes. Elle fait un bref rappel clinique et insiste sur les difficultés que l’on rencontre dans le diagnostic. Il s’avère, en effet, qu’un cas sur cinq parmi les maladies de Parkinson diagnostiquées, se révèle à l’autopsie être, en fait, une autre affection que la maladie de Parkinson idiopathique.
Direct Laser 3D Printing of Organic Semiconductor Microdevices for Bioelectronics and Biosensors (2022)

Fabrication of conductive and bioactive microdevices has garnered tremendous attention in the emerging biomedical fields, particularly organic bioelectronics and biosensing. Direct laser 3D printing based on two-photon polymerization (TPP) has shown great promise in construction of well-defined and multi-functional microdevices. Herein, we present a novel photosensitive resin for fabrication of highly conductive and bioactive microstructures via TPP. This resin is based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate that is doped with poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (organic semicoductor), and laminin (extracellular matrix protein) or glucose oxidase (biorecognition enzyme). We demonstrate the fabrication of hybrid microelectrodes, bioactive microstructures for cellular adhesion / spreading, and high-performance glucose biosensors. Clinical Relevance- Conductive and bioactive microelectronic devices based on the formulated resin can be utilized for neural recording / stimulation, tissue engineering, and biosensing applications.
Evaluation of ischemic heart disease on a 1.5 Tesla scanner: combined first-pass perfusion and viability study. (2005)

Myocardial perfusion studies using FGRE-ET were feasible and accurate, even on a conventional scanner.
The Rush University Advanced Trauma Training Program, A Novel Approach for Military Trauma Training (2013)

Nearly 90% of combat deaths occur on the battlefield before the casualty reaches a treatment facility. It has been shown that early intervention in trauma patients improves morbidity and mortality. Hence, the training of military health care providers in lifesaving measures is imperative to saving lives on the battlefield. To date, few courses exist to provide skills in combat-zone trauma stabilization and treatment. Even fewer offer training in the identification and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorders and traumatic brain injury. We set out to develop a multidisciplinary, comprehensive course to include didactic lectures as well as hands-on training and observational modules. Ten courses have been delivered to date. Thus far, feedback from military personnel and course participants has revealed the positive impact of the training program. In this manuscript, we present the layout of the program and its contents.
Feasibility, Accuracy, and Repeatability of Suprathreshold Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimetry (2016)

SVOP technology is still in its infancy but is used in a number of centers. It will undergo iterative improvements and this study provides a benchmark for future iterations.
A new echo canceller with the estimation of flat delay (2003)

An echo canceller with flat delay estimation is described. It consists of flat delay estimation and a 64-tap echo canceller with time delay. The cross-correlation method is adopted to estimate the flat delay and the complexity of calculation is decreased for real-time processing according to the characteristics of the echo path. Simulation results indicate good performance in convergence rate and tracking capability for the time variant echo path. A block diagram of the hardware and a flowchart of the program are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects on Communications Wavelengths from an Atmospheric Nuclear Detonation (2022)

We model the elevated free electron density of the atmosphere from a nuclear detonation as a function of time and examine how the electromagnetic spectrum is affected.
G protein–coupled receptor kinase 2 and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors mediate inflammation‐induced sensitization to excitotoxic neurodegeneration (2013)

Collectively, our findings indicate that inflammation-induced sensitization is universal across species and ages and that group I mGluRs and GRK2 represent new avenues for neuroprotection in perinatal and adult neurological disorders.
Analysis of Racetrack-Coupled Mach Zehnder Interferometer for High-Speed Communication (2020)

We present a special design and the characterization of racetrack-coupled Mach_Zehnder interferometer for high speed and high linearity E/O modulation. The static extinction ratio, and full-widthhalf-maximum are analyzed and the photon-life-time-limited bandwidth are evaluated for more than 50 GHz.
m-full ideals (1987)

An ideal a of a local ring (R , m) is called m-full if am: y = a for some y in a certain faithfully flat extension of R . The definition is due to Rees (unpublished) and he had obtained some elementary results (also unpublished). The present paper concerns some basic properties of m-full ideals. One result is the characterization of m-fullness in terms of the minimal number of generators of ideal, generalizing his result in a low dimensional case (Theorem 2, § 2).
Thin disk laser: power scaling to the kW regime in fundamental mode operation (2009)

A significant reduction of the influence of the thermal lens in thin-disk lasers in high power laser operation mode could be achieved, using dynamically stable resonators. For designing the resonator, investigations of thermally induced phase distortions of thin-disks as well as numerical simulations of the field distribution in the resonator were performed. This characterization was combined with thermo-mechanical computations. On the basis of these studies, about 500 W output power with an averaged <i>M<sup>2</sup></i> = 1.55 could be demonstrated, using one disk. Almost 1 kW output power with good beam quality could be extracted, using two disks. For the purpose of further power scaling in nearly fundamental mode operation, experiments using more than two disks are in preparation.
Impact and correction of the bladder uptake on18F-FCH PET quantification: a simulation study using the XCAT2 phantom (2016)

The spill-in counts from neighbouring regions can significantly bias the quantification over small regions close to high activity extended sources. This effect can be a drawback for (18)F-based radiotracers positron emission tomography (PET) when quantitatively evaluating the bladder area for diseases such as prostate cancer. In this work, we use Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the impact of the spill-in counts from the bladder on the quantitative evaluation of prostate cancer when using (18)F-Fluorcholine (FCH) PET and we propose a novel reconstruction-based correction method. Monte Carlo simulations of a modified version of the XCAT2 anthropomorphic phantom with (18)F-FCH biological distribution, variable bladder uptake and inserted prostatic tumours were used in order to obtain simulated realistic (18)F-FCH data. We evaluated possible variations of the measured tumour Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) for different values of bladder uptake and propose a novel correction by appropriately adapting image reconstruction methodology. The correction is based on the introduction of physiological background terms on the reconstruction, removing the contribution of the bladder to the final image. The bladder is segmented from the reconstructed image and then forward-projected to the sinogram space. The resulting sinograms are used as background terms for the reconstruction. SUV max and SUV mean could be overestimated by 41% and 22% respectively due to the accumulation of radiotracer in the bladder, with strong dependence on bladder-to-lesion ratio. While the SUVs measured under these conditions are not reliable, images corrected using the proposed methodology provide better repeatability of SUVs, with biases below 6%. Results also showed remarkable improvements on visual detectability. The spill-in counts from the bladder can affect prostatic SUV measurements of (18)F-FCH images, which can be corrected to less than 6% using the proposed methodology, providing reliable SUV values even in the presence of high radioactivity accumulation in the bladder.
Impact of Nanosecond Laser Annealing on the Formation of Titanium Silicides (2021)

In view of contacts for advanced image sensors, the formation of Ti silicides is explored by means of nanosecond laser annealing (NLA) combined to rapid thermal processing (RTP) to tentatively obtain ohmic contacts within a limited thermal budget. Leveraging sheet resistance and X-ray diffraction measurements, coupled to electron microscopy observations, the various phases obtained after NLA and after a subsequent RTP are identified and the involved mechanisms discussed.
Nematicons across interfaces: anomalous refraction and reflection of solitons in liquid crystals (2007)

The robustness of nematicons, i. e. spatial solitons in nematic liquid crystals, can be exploited to implement counter-intuitive negative reflection and refraction schemes for optical signal manipulation at interfaces.
Two-Chamber Hydrogen Generation and Application: Access to Pressurized Deuterium Gas (2014)

Hydrogen and deuterium gas were produced and directly applied in a two-chamber system. These gaseous reagents were generated by the simple reaction of metallic zinc with HCl in water for H2 and DCl in deuterated water for D2. The setup proved efficient in classical Pd-catalyzed reductions of ketones, alkynes, alkenes, etc. in near-quantitative yields. The method was extended to the synthesis and isotope labeling of quinoline and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives. Finally, CX-546 and Olaparib underwent efficient Ir-catalyzed hydrogen isotope exchange reactions.
Patent ductus arteriosus balloon sizing: A new technique to evaluate the size in complex cases (2015)

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) transcatheter closure is a widespread procedure. However in some cases PDA measurements may be unclear and choice of the proper device could be quite difficult. This may happen in large PDA and in particular in adults. We have developed a new technique using an ASD sizing balloon to measure the PDA in order to better understand PDA anatomy and size. The first step is to create an artero-venous circuit across the PDA. A 24 or a 34 mm Amplatzer balloon sizing for ASD closure is placed over the wire from the venous access in the descending aorta. Then, the balloon is inflated and gently pulled back across the PDA toward the pulmonary artery. The frame where the balloon is exactly across the PDA is chosen and measurements performed. In conclusion, a new method for PDA measurement in large PDA is reported. The procedure is safe and reliable. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Remodeling of Adolescent Displaced Clavicle Fractures: A Facts Study (2022)

Background: The phenomenon of bony remodeling of healed displaced clavicle midshaft fractures in adolescents remains poorly understood. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate and quantify clavicle remodeling in a large population of adolescents with completely displaced fractures treated non-operatively to understand the factors that may influence this process. Methods: Patients were identified from the database(s) of a multi-center study group investigating the functional outcomes of adolescent clavicle fractures. Patients between the ages of 10 and 19 years with completely displaced mid-diaphyseal clavicle fractures that were treated non-operatively who had further imaging of the affected clavicle at a minimum of 9 months from initial injury were included. Radiographic measurements were performed on the injury and final follow-up films. Fracture remodeling was subjectively classified as ‘complete/near-complete’, ‘moderate’, or ‘minimal’ (Figure 1) and subsequently analyzed quantitively and qualitatively to determine factors associated with deformity correction. Results: Eighty-one patients (mean age of 14.4±2.2 years) were analyzed at a mean radiographic follow-up of 34.8±24.3 months. Fracture shortening, superior displacement, and angulation significantly improved during the follow-up period by 60%, 57%, and 38% respectively. Fracture remodeling was found to be associated with patient age and follow-up time, with younger patients and those with longer follow-up undergoing more remodeling. All patients &lt;14 years and 83% of patients ≥14 years-old at time of injury with a minimum follow-up of four years underwent complete/near-complete remodeling. Conclusion: Significant clavicle remodeling occurs in adolescent patients with displaced fractures, including older adolescents and particularly when followed for longer time intervals. This finding may help explain why symptomatic malunions are so infrequently observed in adolescent patients, even in severely displaced fractures. [Figure: see text]
Health Care Professionals’ Perspectives on the Secondary Use of Health Records to Improve Quality and Safety of Care in England: Qualitative Study (2019)

These results suggest a high level of HCPs' understanding about the purposes of data sharing for secondary purposes; however, some concerns still remain. A better understanding of HCPs' knowledge and concerns could inform national communication policies and improve tailoring to maximize efficiency and improve patients' buy-in.