gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic T cells are preferentially activated in the duodenal epithelium from patients with florid coeliac disease (2005)

Villous atrophy and increased numbers of intraepithelial T cells in duodenal biopsies represent a hallmark of coeliac disease. In the present study, an attempt has been made to define whether cytotoxic cell subsets are activated in situ in the affected mucosa of susceptible individuals early after ingestion of a gluten-containing diet. Duodenal biopsies from 11 patients with coeliac disease who repeatedly underwent endoscopic biopsy after ingestion of individually dosed amounts of gluten were used for immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. To identify the cell subsets expressing perforin mRNA and protein, in situ hybridization and FACS analyses were performed on cells isolated from fresh biopsies. Compared with normal mucosa, the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes containing perforin mRNA and protein increased significantly in tissue samples showing moderate or florid coeliac disease and closely paralleled the severity of morphological alteration, whereas the frequency of perforin-expressing lamina propria lymphocytes increased only moderately. Cells isolated from florid biopsies that expressed perforin mRNA and protein were preferentially T-cell receptor (TCR) alphabeta T cells. The increase in both the absolute number and the percentage of lymphocytes expressing perforin mRNA indicates in situ activation of lymphocytes within the epithelial compartment in florid coeliac disease upon ingestion of a gluten-containing diet in patients predisposed to coeliac disease.
Observation of Displacement Current Staircase and Negative Differential Resistance in Nanomechanical Double-Barrier Tunneling Structures with Scanning Vibrating Probe (2003)

Simultaneous measurements of tunneling current and displacement current spectroscopy are demonstrated in nanomechanical double-barrier tunneling structures which consist of scanning vibrating probe/vacuum/colloidal Au dots/self-assembled monolayer (SAM)/Au substrate. The displacement current staircase due to Coulomb blockade is observed together with the tunneling current staircase in the nanomechanical double-barrier tunneling structures. In the case of tunneling current spectroscopy, negative differential resistances (NDRs) are also observed. NDRs are concerned with the change in the number of electrons on the Au dot and the tunneling resistance.
Benzheterocycle–imide and amide–imide fibers derived from diacid chlorides containing preformed imide groups (1972)

Abstract Fibers of benzoxazole–imide ordered copolymers were prepared by cyclodehydrating the amide–phenol units of precursor polyamide– o ‐hydroxyimide fibers at 375°C in nitrogen. The precursor polyamide– o ‐hydroxyimides were obtained by the reaction of 3,3′‐dihydroxybenzidine with diacid chlorides containing preformed imide rings. The benzoxazole–imide fibers are very thermally stable, especially with respect to retention of tensile properties after heat aging in air. For example, the benzoxazole–imide fibers after heating aging in air for 35 days retained 75% or more of their original tenacities and 50% or more of their original elongations to break. The original fibers did not have high tenacities, probably because of the rather extreme thermal treatment required to cyclodehydrate the amide–phenol units of the precursor fiber. The ultraviolet light stability of one benzoxazole–imide fiber was outstanding for a fiber of the polyheterocycle type: there was no loss in strength or elongation after 140 hr of exposure in a Fade‐Ometer. Fibers of ordered amide–imide polymers based on the same imide‐containing diacid chlorides used for the benzoxazole–imide polymers were also prepared. They were substantially less thermally stable than their benzoxazole–imide fiber counterparts, as expected.
Electroless Diffusion Barrier Process Using SAM on Low-k Dielectrics (2007)

A wet process based on electroless deposition is proposed for the formation of a diffusion barrier layer for Cu wiring in ultra-large scale integration (ULSI) technology. The diffusion barrier layer is formed on a low-dielectric constant (low-) inter level film. In this process, a Pd-activated self-assembled monolayer as a seed/adhesion layer was used as a key step to allow electroless deposition on a dielectric film. The effectiveness of this approach was demonstrated by depositing an electroless layer as the diffusion barrier layer. The electrolessly deposited layer showed a uniform surface, a small grain size, and a high adhesion when deposited on various common inter level dielectric materials with low dielectric constant. The electrolessly deposited layer formed on the low- dielectric film by this method showed a high thermal stability of the effectiveness as a barrier to Cu diffusion at temperatures up to for . The electroless process was found to be reproducible and did not affect dielectric properties of the underlying insulator.
$H_{\infty}$ Static Output-Feedback Control Design for Discrete-Time Systems Using Reinforcement Learning (2019)

This paper provides necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the static output-feedback (OPFB) solution to the H<sub>∞</sub> control problem for linear discrete-time systems. It is shown that the solution of the static OPFB H<sub>∞</sub> control is a Nash equilibrium point. Furthermore, a Q-learning algorithm is developed to find the H<sub>∞</sub> OPFB solution online using data measured along the system trajectories and without knowing the system matrices. This is achieved by solving a game algebraic Riccati equation online and using the measured data. A simulation example shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Image processing techniques to identify predatory birds in aquacultural settings (2005)

Bird predation is a major problem in aquaculture. A novel method for dispersing birds is the use of a vehicle that can sense and chase birds. Image recognition software can improve their efficiency in chasing birds. Three recognition techniques were tested to identify birds 1) image morphology 2) artificial neural networks, and 3) template matching have been tested. A study was conducted on three species of birds 1) pelicans, 2) egrets, and 3) cormorants. Images were divided into 3 types 1) Type 1, 2) Type 2, and 3) Type 3 depending upon difficulty to separate from the others in the images. These types were clear, medium clear and unclear respectively. Image morphology resulted in 57.1% to 97.7%, 73.0% to 100%, and 46.1% to 95.5% correct classification rates (CCR) respectively on images of pelicans, cormorants and egrets before size thresholding. The artificial neural network model achieved 100% CCR while testing type 1 images and its classification success ranged from 63.5% to 70.0%, and 57.1% to 67.7% while testing type 2 and type 3 images respectively. The template matching algorithm succeeded in classifying 90%, 80%, and 60% of Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3 images of pelicans and egrets. This technique recognized 80%, 91.7%, and 80% of Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 images of cormorants. We developed a real time recognition algorithm that could capture images from a camera, process them, and send output to the autonomous boat in regular intervals of time. Future research will focus on testing the recognition algorithms in natural or aquacultural settings on autonomous boats.
A seismic integrity evaluation method of structures under multi-stage earthquake (2019)

As there is no mature method of evaluation of seismic behavior under multi-stage seismic actions that can be referenced internationally, the seismic integrity analysis method and evaluation parameters are put forward. The nonlinear static analysis (NSA) and nonlinear time-history dynamic analysis (NTDA) are used in seismic integrity analysis. The parameterized hinge rotations (HR) and story drifts (SD) are adopted as evaluation parameters. Based on a case study of a reinforced concrete frame structure, the evaluation of structural seismic integrity under multi-stage earthquake is conducted.
Tracking poles with an autoregressive model: a confidence index for the analysis of the intrapartum cardiotocogram (2001)

Clinicians often rely upon the cardiotocogram, a display of the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine activity (UA) over time, as a means of monitoring fetal health during labour. Fetal health can be monitored adequately only when the signal quality of the cardiotocogram is good. We propose an automated assessment of UA signal quality in order to create a confidence index for subsequent analysis of the intrapartum cardiotocogram. We use an autoregressive (AR) model of the UA to estimate the power at the contraction frequency, with high power indicative of "good" UA signal quality. 5th, 10th, and 15th-order AR models are used to assess the signal quality of 12 intrapartum UA traces as "good/medium" or "poor". We compare our results to two experts' visual assessments of signal quality. The 10th-order model exhibits the highest percent agreement rate of 62%. It also exhibits the most balanced false positive and false negative rates, where "good" or "medium" signal quality is considered a positive and "poor" signal quality a negative. The 10th-order model can therefore be used as a confidence index to reduce the errors made in the identification of uterine contractions in the UA trace and in the subsequent analysis of the cardiotocogram as a whole.
JMJD5 is a human arginyl C-3 hydroxylase (2018)

Oxygenase-catalysed post-translational modifications of basic protein residues, including lysyl hydroxylations and N<sup>ε</sup>-methyl lysyl demethylations, have important cellular roles. Jumonji-C (JmjC) domain-containing protein 5 (JMJD5), which genetic studies reveal is essential in animal development, is reported as a histone N<sup>ε</sup>-methyl lysine demethylase (KDM). Here we report how extensive screening with peptides based on JMJD5 interacting proteins led to the finding that JMJD5 catalyses stereoselective C-3 hydroxylation of arginine residues in sequences from human regulator of chromosome condensation domain-containing protein 1 (RCCD1) and ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6). High-resolution crystallographic analyses reveal overall fold, active site and substrate binding/product release features supporting the assignment of JMJD5 as an arginine hydroxylase rather than a KDM. The results will be useful in the development of selective oxygenase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and genetic diseases.
Designing Arcade Computer Game Graphics (2000)

From the Publisher:
Graphics play a central role in the computer gaming experience, and arcade-style games are no exception. Designing Arcade Computer Game Graphics emphasizes the development of quality graphics for 2D arcadestyle computer games, both online and offline, including such topics as game design and documentation, graphics tools, animation, proper color usage, and fonts. Graphic designer and animator Ari Feldman provides a step-by-step example of designing 2D graphics and animation for an arcade-style game. 
Understand the capabilities of various display modes and learn the nuances of designing for each of them. Follow the step-by-step Fish Dish example for designing 21) graphics and animation for an online game. Create detailed design plans that document every aspect of the creativerelated issues associated with your games. Find out the most important features of graphics creation tools, including painting programs and screen capture utilities. Identify the essential graphic file formats used in arcade game graphics development and find out which image compression techniques are most suited to arcade game graphics. Implement file naming conventions, version control, and backup strategies to manage your graphic assets. Discover how the proper use of fonts can liven up your graphics in addition to displaying important game information.
High-density force myography: A possible alternative for upper-limb prosthetic control (2016)

Several multiple degree-of-freedom upper-limb prostheses that have the promise of highly dexterous control have recently been developed. Inadequate controllability, however, has limited adoption of these devices. Introducing more robust control methods will likely result in higher acceptance rates. This work investigates the suitability of using high-density force myography (HD-FMG) for prosthetic control. HD-FMG uses a high-density array of pressure sensors to detect changes in the pressure patterns between the residual limb and socket caused by the contraction of the forearm muscles. In this work, HD-FMG outperforms the standard electromyography (EMG)-based system in detecting different wrist and hand gestures. With the arm in a fixed, static position, eight hand and wrist motions were classified with 0.33% error using the HD-FMG technique. Comparatively, classification errors in the range of 2.2%-11.3% have been reported in the literature for multichannel EMG-based approaches. As with EMG, position variation in HD-FMG can introduce classification error, but incorporating position variation into the training protocol reduces this effect. Channel reduction was also applied to the HD-FMG technique to decrease the dimensionality of the problem as well as the size of the sensorized area. We found that with informed, symmetric channel reduction, classification error could be decreased to 0.02%.
Low-temperature Synthesis of Cubic Phase CuFe2O4 Powder (2017)

The present paper reports extremely efficient and versatile route for the synthesis of cubic copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) powder, which is promising for many interesting applications such as Li-ion storage, gas sensors, catalysts and magnetic devices. The technique uses ethylene glycol (EG) as a solvent of Cu(NO3)2 and Fe(NO3)3. It has been found that crystalline CuFe2O4 powder is obtained by rapid boiling of the solution and spontaneous combustion. This time the hotplate (300 °C) was used, and the time required for obtaining of 100 mg final product from 50 ml solution was only 15 min. The obtained CuFe2O4 powder has a cubic structure, while the tetragonal phase is more likely to be obtained in the ordinary process. The size of the crystal is rather small, mainly because of low temperature process. The technique is promising, because it is rapid, and uses only one simple pass. For comparison, much slower drying (overnight at 100 °C) of the same solution have been also studied. It has been found that tetragona...
Scanning and rendering scene tunnels for virtual city traversing (2004)

This paper proposes a visual representation named scene tunnel to capture and visualize urban scenes for Internet based virtual city traversing. We scan cityscapes by using multiple cameras on a vehicle that moves along a street, and generate a real scene archive more complete than a route panorama. The scene tunnel can cover high architectures and various object aspects, and its data size is much less than video. It is suitable for image transmission and rendering over the Internet. The scene tunnel has a uniformed resolution along the camera path and can provide continuous views for visual navigation in a virtual or real city. This paper explores the image acquisition methods from slit calibration, view scanning, to image integration. A plane of scanning is determined for flexible camera setting and image integration. The paper further addresses the city visualization on the Internet that includes view transformation, data streaming, and interactive functions. The high-resolution scenes are mapped onto a wide window dynamically. The compact and continuous scene tunnel facilitates the data streaming and allows virtual traversing to be extended to a large area.
Figure S5 from Cancer Cell–Derived Matrisome Proteins Promote Metastasis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Example images for lungs after tail-vein injection and cells with TKS5 immunofluorescence staining.&lt;/p&gt;
Zur Umsetzung des Zweikomponentensystems Trialkylphosphit/ Tetrachlorkohlenstoff mit wasserstoffhaltigen Nucleophilen 2. Die Reaktion mit Ammoniak und Aminen (1985)

Abstract Ammoniak und primäre Amine reagieren mit dem Zweikomponenten‐system Trialkylphosphit/Tetrachlokohlenstoff zu Diesteramiden der Phosphorsäure, (RO) 2 P(O)NHR′. Bei Aminüberschuß werden auch Verbindungen des Typs ROP(O)(NHR′) 2 und OP(NHR′) 3 gebildet. Bei der Reaktion von (RO) 3 P/CCl 4 in Gegenwart sekundärer und tertiärer Amine entsteht zunächst (RO) 2 P(O)CCl 3 , das mit dem Amin zu [NRR′R″R′] + [Cl 3 CP(OR)O 2 ] − reagiert; (R = Et, Bu).
ZnO-Based Ultraviolet Photodetectors (2010)

Ultraviolet (UV) photodetection has drawn a great deal of attention in recent years due to a wide range of civil and military applications. Because of its wide band gap, low cost, strong radiation hardness and high chemical stability, ZnO are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for UV photodetectors. Additionally, doping in ZnO with Mg elements can adjust the bandgap largely and make it feasible to prepare UV photodetectors with different cut-off wavelengths. ZnO-based photoconductors, Schottky photodiodes, metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes and p-n junction photodetectors have been developed. In this work, it mainly focuses on the ZnO and ZnMgO films photodetectors. We analyze the performance of ZnO-based photodetectors, discussing recent achievements, and comparing the characteristics of the various photodetector structures developed to date.
Precision SAR processing using chirp scaling (1994)

A space-variant interpolation is required to compensate for the migration of signal energy through range resolution cells when processing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, using either the classical range/Doppler (R/D) algorithm or related frequency domain techniques. In general, interpolation requires significant computation time, and leads to loss of image quality, especially in the complex image. The new chirp scaling algorithm avoids interpolation, yet performs range cell migration correction accurately. The algorithm requires only complex multiplies and Fourier transforms to implement, is inherently phase preserving, and is suitable for wide-swath, large-beamwidth, and large-squint applications. This paper describes the chirp scaling algorithm, summarizes simulation results, presents imagery processed with the algorithm, and reviews quantitative measures of its performance. Based on quantitative comparison, the chirp scaling algorithm provides image quality equal to or better than the precision range/Doppler processor. Over the range of parameters tested, image quality results approach the theoretical limit, as defined by the system bandwidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nanotherapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease (AD): Past, present and future (2011)

Drug delivery to the brain still remains highly challenging for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The development of new practical treatment modalities for the treatment of AD is currently a highly active area of research. Our lack of success in the development of effective therapies for AD is attributed to, but not limited to a number of factors including the complexity of the brain. Besides this, it is recognized that AD is multisystemic in nature and this presents numerous difficulties for the potential treatment of these disorders. Another important reason for the lack of development of effective drugs and drug delivery system for AD is inability to deliver drugs effectively to the brain due to the numerous protective barriers surrounding the CNS i.e. blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) and circumventricular organs (CVOs). Solutions to these problems require enhanced novel research activities that can address each of these problems. This review article provides a concise movement into the current and future applications of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for the treatment of AD and explores the application of nanotechnology in clinical neuroscience to develop innovative therapeutic modalities for the AD.
Turbulent vs. Vortex Ring Energy Losses in the Left Ventricle (2007)

Left ventricular flows in the human heart are very complex due to the intricate geometry, the pulsatile character of the flow, the interaction of the jets with the LV flexible walls, and the unsteady motion of the leaflets, which generate intrinsically complicated flow structures. Furthermore, although mechanical heart valves (MHV) have received universal recognition, their performance is still unmatched to that of the natural valves. The flow past MHVs induces a combination of flow characteristics, which are clearly dependent on the specific valve design and valve orientation. Traditionally, valve performance and hemodynamics have been quantified using effective orifice size and pressure gradients. However, quality and direction of flow, often overlooked, are also important aspects of valvular function and relate to valve design and orientation. One of the key characteristics in LV flows is the shear layers shedding past heart valves which generate vortex ring formation resulting into energy entrapment, thus reducing the efficiency of the heart.
A femtosecond laser-induced periodical surface structure on crystalline silicon (2006)

A laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) has attracted research interest for its promising potential in micromachining for microelectronics and microelectromechanical systems. A femtosecond laser-induced periodical surface structure was investigated for polished crystalline silicon. The observed structure is similar to the classical ripples that are characterized by long, nearly parallel lines extending over the entire irradiated area on the metal and silicon surface after continuous or pulsed laser irradiation. The spacing of the ripples nearly equals the irradiation wavelength. The depth of these ripples increases nonlinearly with the fluence of irradiation. The orientation of these periodic structures is perpendicular to the vector of the electric field of the laser beam. It seemed that the pattern formed by a femtosecond laser complies well with conventional models. Unlike the patterns formed by a continuous or nanosecond pulsed laser, however, the spacing of the ripple formed by femtosecond pulses is not influenced by the incident angle of the laser beam. The formula used to predict the ripple spacing in the conventional model does not apply to the femtosecond laser induced ripple structure. A plausible explanation to this phenomenon is proposed. The effect of the pulse repetition rate was studied and it was found that a femtosecond laser oscillator generates the same periodic structure as the amplified laser system.