gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anisotropy of Charge Transport in a Uniaxially Aligned Fused Electron‐Deficient Polymer Processed by Solution Shear Coating (2020)

Precise control of the microstructure in organic semiconductors (OSCs) is essential for developing high-performance organic electronic devices. Here, a comprehensive charge transport characterization of two recently reported rigid-rod conjugated polymers that do not contain single bonds in the main chain is reported. It is demonstrated that the molecular design of the polymer makes it possible to achieve an extended linear backbone structure, which can be directly visualized by high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The rigid structure of the polymers allows the formation of thin films with uniaxially aligned polymer chains by using a simple one-step solution-shear/bar coating technique. These aligned films show a high optical anisotropy with a dichroic ratio of up to a factor of 6. Transport measurements performed using top-gate bottom-contact field-effect transistors exhibit a high saturation electron mobility of 0.2 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> along the alignment direction, which is more than six times higher than the value reported in the previous work. This work demonstrates that this new class of polymers is able to achieve mobility values comparable to state-of-the-art n-type polymers and identifies an effective processing strategy for this class of rigid-rod polymer system to optimize their charge transport properties.
H pylori colocalises with MUC5AC in the human stomach (2000)

H pylori is very closely associated with extracellular MUC5AC and epithelial cells that produce MUC5AC. This indicates that MUC5AC, but not MUC6, plays a role in the adhesion of H pylori to the gastric mucosa.
Optical fiber reliability models (1993)

Systems containing optical fiber have design lives on the order of decades so that models for assessing the mechanical reliability of the fiber must rely on extrapolations from accelerated short term testing. Such extrapolations are only valid if all relevant mechanisms are fully understood. The physical processes giving rise to mechanical degradation are reviewed and it is shown that no single model describes all situations. In particular, strong “pristine” fiber can behave quite differently from weaker fiber. Additionally, two degradation regimes are identified, one which is stress assisted (fatigue) and one which can occur even in the absence of applied stress (aging). Recent advances in understanding these phenomena are discussed and promising areas for future work are proposed.
Continental-Marine Correlations and Climate Signals in the Palaeogene Foreland of the South Pyrenees, Spain (2016)

Continental to marine correlations have always been a challenge regarding to sequence stratigraphy. The longstanding debate is about how surfaces and sedimentary packages translate from one environement to another and the various origins that have been put forward to explain them : eustastic sea level changes, sediment supply variations, subsidence pulses or tectonic variations. In the deep water system of the lower-middle Eocene Ainsa basin, in the southern Pyrenees (Spain), as well as in its fluvial counterparts in the Tremp- Graus basin, stratigraphic cyclicity in the form of repetitive packages of sand and shale alternations of intermediate timescales (10^4 to 10^6 years) has long been recognized and has typically been imputed to eustatic changes, with a modulation by active tectonics. Most of the studies have so far focused either on the deep water system or on their fluvial counterparts without a detailed effort at the correlation between both. Our objective is to evaluate the role of eustatic variations, that are well known to have taken place at these periods, in generating or modifying such cyclicities and to understand the link, at high resolution, between the continental and marine deposits. This is particularly important in order to understand how sea-level fluctuations are tided to depositional environments over multi-millennial times-scales and how the deep- sea sedimentary record can be used to reconstruct the Earth's history of surface response to climate change. To address these issues, a mapping and multi-proxy approach was undertaken in the Tremp-Graus and Ainsa basins. We focus on the middle Eocene Castissent formation, a major fluvial excursion and its deep marine time-equivalent; the turbiditie systems of Fosado, Arro and Gerbe. Through a study of carbon and oxygen stable isotopes on the bulk rock and on the organic matter, geochemistry of major and trace elements performed on two sections representing the distal marine and the continental part of the basin, we attempt to trace environmental signals across the whole source-to- sink system. These analyses coupled with thorough physical mapping on the field allow us to discuss hypotheses on the timing of deposition of the different continental sedimentary packages with repect to the marine ones.
Clinical efficacy of diclofenac sodium and flunixin meglumine as adjuncts to antibacterial treatment of respiratory disease of calves (2010)

In this trial, a single intramuscular dose of diclofenac sodium was equally effective as three intravenous injections of flunixin meglumine given on consecutive days as adjunctive therapy for BRD.
Fluorescent Microangiography Is a Novel and Widely Applicable Technique for Delineating the Renal Microvasculature (2011)

Rarefaction of the renal microvasculature correlates with declining kidney function. However, current technologies commonly used for its evaluation are limited by their reliance on endothelial cell antigen expression and assessment in two dimensions. We set out to establish a widely applicable and unbiased optical sectioning method to enable three dimensional imaging and reconstruction of the renal microvessels based on their luminal filling. The kidneys of subtotally nephrectomized (SNx) rats and their sham-operated counterparts were subjected to either routine two-dimensional immunohistochemistry or the novel technique of fluorescent microangiography (FMA). The latter was achieved by perfusion of the kidney with an agarose suspension of fluorescent polystyrene microspheres followed by optical sectioning of 200 µm thick cross-sections using a confocal microscope. The fluorescent microangiography method enabled the three-dimensional reconstruction of virtual microvascular casts and confirmed a reduction in both glomerular and peritubular capillary density in the kidneys of SNx rats, despite an overall increase in glomerular volume. FMA is an uncomplicated technique for evaluating the renal microvasculature that circumvents many of the limitations imposed by conventional analysis of two-dimensional tissue sections.
Financial price fluctuations in a stock market model with many interacting agents (2001)

We consider a financial market model with a large number of interacting agents. Investors are heterogeneous in their expectations about the future evolution of an asset price process. Their current expectation is based on the previous states of their “neighbors" and on a random signal about the \mood of the market". We analyze the asymptotics of both aggregate behaviour and asset prices. We give sufficient conditions for the distribution of equilibrium prices to converge to a unique equilibrium, and provide a microeconomic foundation for the use of diffusion models in the analysis of financial price fluctuations.
The Reseau-scanning camera: conception and first measurement results (1990)

The possibility to digitize large image formats in partial images by means of CCD-matrix sensors on-line are offered by the principle of reseau-scanning. The close to the image plane placed reseau enables to combine the partial images to an entire image. Precondition for the application of this technique is to handle object recording and reseau projection separately. The con- ception of the RSC and the algorithms, which are used for the point determination in the digital image are presented. First measurements show a precision in the object space of about 1:75000.
Borate autocausticizing: a cost effective technology (2002)

Copyright Pulp &amp; Paper Canada. Reprinted with permission from Annex Business Media.
Cyclopolymerization of 1,7-octadiene with metallocene/methylaluminoxane (1999)

Polymerization of 1,7-octadiene was conducted with isospecific rac-dimethylsilylenebis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride (1), syndiospecific diphenylmethylene(cyclopentadienyl)(9-fluorenyl)zirconium dichloride (2) and aspecific bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride (3) metallocene catalysts combined with methylaluminoxane. The microstructure of the poly(1,7-octadiene)s produced was characterized by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR and DEPT (distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer) spectroscopy. A portion of monomeric units in poly(1,7-octadiene)s is saturated as a result of cycloaddition. The fraction of the saturated units (cyclization selectivity) decreases in the following order: 1 > 3 > 2. The effect of polymerization temperature was studied, and the cyclization selectivity was found to decrease with lowering the polymerization temperature. The monomer concentration affects the microstructure of poly(1,7-octadiene), and the cyclization selectivity is drastically decreased with increasing monomer concentration.
Stepped-wavelength optical-fiber Bragg grating arrays fabricated in line on a draw tower (1994)

More than 450 fiber Bragg gratings have been fabricated in line during the draw process in a period of 1 h with single pulses of a KrF excimer laser. Arrays of gratings have been written at different Bragg wavelengths by using an automated, computer-controlled interferometer.
Hydrocarbons in the water and bottom sediments of a region with continuous petroleum contamination (2007)

The abundances and compositions of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHC) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were investigated in the water and bottom sediments of the southwestern Amur Bay in the Sea of Japan. The water contained from 0 to 129 μg/1AHC (averaging 42.2 μg/l) and from 5 to 85 ng/l PAH (averaging 18 ng/l). The bottom sediments contained 168–2098 μg/g AHC and 7.2–1100 ng/g dry mass PAH. It was shown that the input of anthropogenic HC is better recorded by molecular markers than the distribution of AHC and PAH concentrations. The discovery of elevated HC concentrations in the bottom water layer suggests that the bottom sediments induced secondary contamination of the water body.
Growth Habits of Scirpus planiculmis F. Schmidt in Poldered Paddy Field (1991)

This studies were conducted to get the basic information on the growth habits of Scirpus planiculmis F. Schmidt for control in poldered paddy field. The distribution of corm was about 16% in 0-5cm, 66% in 5-8 cm. 18% in 8-10cm depth of underground. The mean depth of total corm distribution was about 6.51cm. Number of rhizomes and dormant buds per corm were one to four, respectively. Number of rhizomes. dormant buds and total buds(rhizome+dormant bud) were 2.34, 2.85 and 5.20, respectively. The phyllotaxy of S. planiculmis was 1/3 and bracteal leaf were showed from first to 4th leaves. The period of propagation to 100 plants from emergence was 58.52 and 48 days for corm seeded on March 25th, b4ay 7th and June 6th respectively. Days to emergence of S. planiculmis from emergence of previous plant was gradually shorted. as order of propagation from corm seeded progressed. The other side, length of rhizome, plant height and diameter of culm was increased. The plant height of S. planiculmis was higher than rice plant from early stage in rice direct seeding culture, and from 30 dats after transplanting in rice transplanting culture. Speed of propagation was faster in rice direct seeding culture than in rice trasplanting culture.
Complex modes in dielectric loaded waveguides (2005)

Analytical and numerical investigations of the properties of complex waves on uniform dielectric loaded waveguide are discussed. Existence and approximate initial locations of complex roots of the characteristic equation are predicted from the behavior of the characteristic function for real values of its argument. Numerical results are presented for typical parameters which display real, imaginary and complex propagation constant with frequency.
Limited Feedback for Temporally-Correlated Channels: Feedback Rate and Delay (2006)

Limited feedback systems send quantized channel state information (CSI) from the receiver to the transmitter for improving either the throughput or the link reliability. This paper proposes a framework for analyzing multi-antenna limited feedback systems with temporally-correlated flat-fading channels. Developed on a Markov chain modeling quantized CSI, the proposed framework consists of analytical results concerning the feedback rate, the feedback compression, the capacity with feedback delay, and the decay rate of the capacity gain due to feedback delay. These results constitute a set of useful tools for designing a wide-range of limited feedback system. The application of the proposed framework is illustrated for a multiple-input-single-output (MISO) beamforming system, where the feedback consists of the quantized channel gain and direction. Feedback rates are shown to increase linearly with the Doppler frequency in a Rayleigh fading channel with Clarke's spectrum. Furthermore, capacity gains are found to decrease exponentially with feedback delay. From theses results, useful design guidelines can be derived for choosing system parameters ranging from the reception vehicular speed to the feedback channel rate.
Analysing information flows and key mediators through temporal centrality metrics (2010)

The study of influential members of human networks is an important research question in social network analysis. However, the current state-of-the-art is based on static or aggregated representation of the network topology. We argue that dynamically evolving network topologies are inherent in many systems, including real online social and technological networks: fortunately the nature of these systems is such that they allow the gathering of large quantities of finegrained temporal data on interactions amongst the network members.
Laser Surface Treatment of Sintered Alumina (2012)

Sintered alumina ceramics are used as refractory materials for industrial aluminum furnaces. In this environment the ceramic surface is in permanent contact with molten aluminum resulting in deposition of oxidic material on its surface. Consequently, a lower volume capacity as well as thermal efficiency of the furnaces follows. To reduce oxidic adherence of the ceramic material, two laser-based surface treatment processes were investigated: a powder- based single-step laser cladding and a laser surface remelting. Main objective is to achieve an improved surface quality of the ceramic material considering the industrial requirements as a high process speed.
Laser-induced effects in Raman spectra of single-wall carbon nanotubes (2003)

Two effects induced by increasing power density of a probe laser beam are discovered in Raman spectra of single-wall nanotubes: the irreversible disappearance of the 'breathing' Raman modes of small-diameter nanotubes (0.8 — 1 nm) and the reversible appearance of additional 'breathing' modes from nanotubes with diameters 0.1 — 0.3 nm smaller than the diameters of nanotubes undergoing resonance Raman excitation at room temperature. The thermal nature of these effects is confirmed by their reproducibility upon heating of the material in an optical oven.
MMR vaccination: the case for evidence-based practice (2001)

The outgoing general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing (RCN), Christine Hancock, has criticized general practitioners (GPs) and nursing’s critics for not recognizing the recent progress made by nurses (Munro, 2001). The move from hospital-based ‘apprenticeship’ training to higher education ensures that nursing has advanced and is based on clinical evidence.
Positive–Negative Stiffness Actuators (2018)

Compliant actuators are typically designed to possess a tunable positive stiffness characteristic in order to generate restoring force upon displacement. These actuators either require two independent motor units or closed-loop control to change both their equilibrium position and output stiffness. The introduction of negative stiffness, in combination with tunable positive stiffness, may reduce the complexity and extend the capability of these actuators in unexpected ways. In this paper, we present a compliant actuator that employs a passive negative stiffness mechanism in conjunction with an effectively tunable positive stiffness mechanism. We show that such actuator enables open-loop stiffness modulation and equilibrium position control using a single motor unit, as opposed to more conventional variable stiffness and series elastic actuators. The paper presents the theoretical foundation of positive-negative stiffness actuators and demonstrates low-power stiffness modulation and equilibrium position control achievable with a prototype positive-negative stiffness actuator.
Asymmetric wicking and reduced evaporation time of droplets penetrating a thin double-layered porous material (2013)

We study numerically and experimentally the penetration and evaporation dynamics of droplets wicking into a thin double-layered porous material with order-of-magnitude difference in the physical properties between the layers. We show that such double-layered porous materials can be used to create highly asymmetrical wicking properties, preventing liquid droplets wicking from one surface to the other, while allowing wicking in the reverse direction. In addition, these double-layered porous materials are shown to reduce the evaporation time of droplets penetrating into the porous material, compared with a single-layered porous material of equal thickness and physical properties similar to either of the layers.
Loss of Bim Increases T Cell Production and Function in Interleukin 7 Receptor–deficient Mice (2004)

Interleukin (IL)-7 receptor (R) signaling is essential for T and B lymphopoiesis by promoting proliferation, differentiation, and survival of cells. Mice lacking either IL-7 or the IL-7Ralpha chain have abnormally low numbers of immature as well as mature T and B lymphocytes. Transgenic expression of the apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2 rescues T cell development and function in IL-7Ralpha-deficient mice, indicating that activation of a proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member causes death of immature and mature T cells. BH3-only proteins such as Bim, which are distant proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, are essential initiators of programmed cell death and stress-induced apoptosis. We generated Bim/IL-7Ralpha double deficient mice and found that loss of Bim significantly increased thymocyte numbers, restored near normal numbers of mature T cells in the blood and spleen, and enhanced cytotoxic T cell responses to virus infection in IL-7Ralpha-/- mice. These results indicate that Bim cooperates with other proapoptotic proteins in the death of IL-7-deprived T cell progenitors in vivo, but is the major inducer of this pathway to apoptosis in mature T cells. This indicates that pharmacological inhibition of Bim function might be useful for boosting immune responses in immunodeficient patients.
Thermal Cross‐Linking of Poly(Vinyl Methyl Ether). II. Rheological Behavior at the Gel Point (2004)

Isothermal time evolution measurements at different constant temperatures (170°C, 180°C, and 190°C) over a wide range of frequency for the thermal cross‐linking process of poly(vinyl methyl ether), PVME, have been investigated rheologically. At the onset of cross‐linking (t onset) the elastic storage modulus, G′, increases abruptly. The magnitude of the elevation in G′ and the value of t onset were found to be temperature‐dependent. Similar behavior was observed for both the viscous loss modulus, G″ and the complex dynamic viscosity, η*; however, the value of G″ shows a very low sensitivity to the cross‐linking process compared to G′ and η* at the same experimental conditions. The gel point, t gel, was evaluated from the point of intersection in plots of tan δ vs. curing time for different constant shear frequencies. At the gel point tan δ is no longer frequency‐dependent, and all curves cross‐over, indicating the validity of the Winter–Chambon criterion. The value of t gel obtained from the coincidence of G′ and G″ was about 10 min longer than that determined from tan δ vs. t, indicating that the crossover of G′ and G″ is not be considered as a general method for evaluation of t gel. The value of the apparent activation energy of gelation determined from the temperature dependence of t gel was 74 kJ mol−1 in good agreement with literature values for other different systems. At the gel point G′ and G″ showed a power law with shear frequency, i.e., G′ ∼ G″ ∼ ω n with critical exponents equal to 0.64 and 0.75, respectively, in close agreement with the percolation theory (n = 2/3). The zero shear viscosity, η0, and the equilibrium shear modulus, G eq, can also be expressed in power low scaling functions with the relative distance from the gel point, ϵ i.e., η0 ∼ ϵ−k and G eq ∼ ϵ z with k = 1.3 and z = 2.4 in good agreement with the predicted values based on the percolation theory.
Floating offshore wind turbine fault diagnosis via regularized dynamic canonical correlation and fisher discriminant analysis (2021)

Abstract Over the past decades, Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) has gained increasing attention in wind engineering due to the rapidly growing energy demands. However, difficulties in turbine maintenance will increase due to the harsh operational conditions. Fault diagnosis techniques play a crucial role to enhance the reliability of FOWTs and reduce the cost of offshore wind energy. In this paper, a novel data‐driven fault diagnosis method using regularized dynamic canonical correlation analysis (RDCCA) and Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) is proposed for FOWTs. Specifically, to overcome the collinearity problem that exists in measured process data, dynamic canonical correlation analysis with a regularization scheme, is developed to exploit the relationship between input and output signals. Then, the residual signals are generated from the established RDCCA model for fault detection. To further classify the fault type, an FDA model is trained from the residual signals of different training faulty data sets. Simulations on a FOWT baseline model based on the widely used National Renewable Energy Laboratory FAST simulator are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed fault detection and classification method. Results have shown many salient features of the proposed method with potential applications in FOWTs.