gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constrained Graph Concept Factorization for image clustering (2014)

Matrix factorization techniques have been frequently applied in data representation and pattern recognition. One of them is Concept Factorization (CF), which is a new matrix decomposition technique for data representation. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised matrix factorization algorithm, called Constrained Graph Concept Factorization (CGCF), which incorporates the label information as additional constraints. Specifically, CGCF preserves the intrinsic geometry of data as regularized term and use the label information as semi-supervised learning, it makes nearby samples with the same class-label are more compact, and nearby classes are separated. An efficient multiplicative updating procedure was produced along with its theoretic justification of the algorithmic convergence. Compared with NMF, GNMF, CF, LCCF and Kmeans, experiment results on ORL and YALE face databases have shown that the proposed method achieves better clustering results.
Novel construction of a deformable mirror for laser beam shaping (2009)

This paper reports on a novel construction of a deformable mirror for laser beam shaping. The deformable mirror is actuated by screen-printed thick film piezoceramic unimorphs based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Different actuator layouts are realized and will be presented. We use Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC) as a substrate material with a metallization as reflective surface. LTCC offers easy integration of holding structures. The reflective mirror surface is electroplated copper. After deposition, the copper layer is diamond machined to achieve excellent optical surface quality &lt;10 nm (rms). We build deformable mirrors with 1, 13 and 19 actuators and a total stroke of more than 20 &mu;m and characterize them with a wave front sensor.
Factors Affecting Success of Split-Thickness Skin Grafts in the Modern Burn Unit (2003)

In the hands of an experienced burn surgeon, the recipient bed has no significant impact on the success rate of STSGs at 14 days postgrafting, except in those patients 18 years or younger, in which the mean STSG success rate was significantly greater on granulation tissue compared with fat. TBSA burned > 35%, age > 55 years, and the presence of diabetes mellitus continue to have an adverse impact on the success rate of STSGs at 14 days.
Extracting and visualizing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectral fingerprints (1999)

We have developed a method for constructing and extracting matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) fingerprints. This method is fully automated and statistically based, allowing a large number of spectra to be analyzed at a time in an objective manner. This method can be used to extract the fingerprint of a particular analyte from a spectrum containing multiple analytes. Therefore, this method lends itself well to real-world applications where samples to be analyzed are likely to be impure. We illustrate this method on experimental results from a series of studies of E. coli and B. atrophaeus MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) fingerprints.
Immune Checkpoint Ligand Reverse Signaling: Looking Back to Go Forward in Cancer Therapy (2019)

The so-called immune checkpoints are pathways that regulate the timing and intensity of the immune response to avoid an excessive reaction and to protect the host from autoimmunity. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are designed to target the negative regulatory pathways of T cells, and they have been shown to restore anti-tumor immune functions and achieve considerable clinical results. Indeed, several clinical trials have reported durable clinical response in different tumor types, such as melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nonetheless, after the initial enthusiasm, it is now evident that the majority of patients do not benefit from ICIs, due to innate or acquired tumor resistance. It is therefore mandatory to find ways to identify those patients who will respond and to find ways to induce response in those who at present do not benefit from ICIs. In this regard, the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on neoplastic cells was the first, and most obvious, biomarker exploited to predict the activity of anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) and/or anti-PD-L1 antibodies. As expected, a correlation was confirmed between the levels of PD-L1 and the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma, NSCLC and RCC. However, further results from clinical trials showed that some patients display a clinical response regardless of tumor cell PD-L1 expression levels, while others do not benefit from ICI treatment despite the expression of PD-L1 on neoplastic elements. These findings strongly support the notion that other factors may be relevant for the efficacy of ICI-based treatment regimens. Furthermore, although the current dogma indicates that the PD-1/PD-L1 axis exerts its regulatory effects via the signal transduced in PD-1-expressing T cells, recent evidence suggests that a reverse signaling may also exist downstream of PD-L1 in both tumor and immune cells. The reverse signaling of PD-L1, but also of other immune checkpoints, might contribute to the pro-tumoral/immune suppressive environment associated with tumor development and progression. Clarifying this aspect could facilitate the prediction of patients' clinical outcomes, which are so far unpredictable and result in response, resistance or even hyper-progressive disease in some cases.
Optimal registration of deformed images (1981)

Motivated by the need to locate and identify objects in three dimensional CT images, an optimal registration method for matching two and three dimensional deformed images has been developed. This method was used to find optimal mappings between CT images and an atlas image of the same anatomy. Using these mappings, object boundaries from the atlas was superimposed on the CT images. A cost function of the form DEFORMATION-SIMILARITY is associated with each mapping between the two images. The mapping obtained by our registration process is optimal with respect to this cost function. The registration process simulates a model in which one of the images made from an elastic material is deformed until it matches the other image. The cross correlation function which measures the similarity between the two images serves as a potential function from which the forces required to deform the image are derived. The deformation part of the cost function is measured by the strain energy of the deformed image. Therefore, the cost function of a mapping is given in this model by the total energy of the elastic image. The optimal mapping is obtained by finding the equilibrium state of the elastic image, which by definition corresponds to a local minimum of the total energy. The equilibrium state is obtained by solving a set of partial differential equations taken from the linear theory of elasticity. These equations are solved iteratively using the finite differences approximation on a grid which describes the mapping. The image function in a spherical region around each grid point is described by its projections on a set of orthogonal functions. The cross correlation function between the image functions in two regions is computed from these projections which, serve as the components of a feature vector associated with the grid points. In each iteration step of the process, the values of the projections are modified according to the currently approximated deformation. The method was tested by registering several two and three dimensional image pairs. It can also be used to obtain the optimal mapping between two regions from a set of corresponding points (with and without error estimates) in these regions.
A tunable common mode inductor with an auxiliary winding network (2015)

In conventional switching converter, the parasitic capacitance between switching circuit and ground introduces common mode (CM) noise problem. A CM inductor is inserted in the power feeding paths to produce a high impedance to attenuate the CM noise. However, this parasitic capacitance and the CM inductor create low-frequency resonance near the switching frequency and its harmonics. Thus, the filtering performance is diminished. Increasing the CM inductance to shift the resonant frequency to low-frequency range is one of the methods to tackle this problem. However, this approach leads to increase the power losses (both core and winding losses) of the CM inductor reducing the efficiency of the converter. In this paper, a tunable CM inductor with a small-space auxiliary winding is proposed. The auxiliary winding can be connected to a passive network to alter the frequency response of the CM inductor without affecting the original inductance. As a result, the influence of the low-frequency resonance can be mitigated. A proof-of-concept protytpe is constructed and its performance is experimentally measured. Results show that the proposed tunable CM inductor operates as theoretically anticipated.
Marble Burying: A Novel Measure of Murine Neuropathic Pain Depressed Behavior (2015)

Pathological pain states represent one of the most common reasons to seek medical attention. Most preclinical assays measure behaviors that are evoked by a nociceptive stimulus (e.g. withdrawal responses). However, not only is it difficult to distinguish between motor impairment and analgesia in these models, but also there is some question whether they reflect clinical relevance for pain treatment. Conversely, it is hypothesized that pain‐depressed behavioral models offer advantages over pain‐stimulated behaviors. In the present study, we modified the marble burying assay to explore pain‐depressed digging behavior in the chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI) neuropathic pain model. CCI mice displayed decreases in time spent digging and the number of marbles buried compared to sham mice. We compared a panel of drugs (i.e., morphine, valdecoxib, gabapentin, cannabinergic drugs, and diazepam) in their effectiveness in reversing CCI‐induced decreases in marble burying compared with their effectiveness in reversing CCI‐induced increases in mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Each of these compounds, with the exception of diazepam, dose‐responsively reversed pain‐stimulated and pain‐depressed measures. The present results indicate that the marble burying assay allows for sequential testing of candidate analgesics from multiple classes of drugs in pain‐depressed and pain‐stimulated behavior.
FKBP12 is a major regulator of ALK2 activity in multiple myeloma cells (2023)

In summary, our data suggest that FKBP12 is a major regulator of ALK2 activity in multiple myeloma cells, partly by switching an NSC into an active signaling complex. FKBP12 targeting compounds devoid of immunosuppressing activity could have potential in novel treatment strategies aiming at reducing multiple myeloma tumor load. Video Abstract.
Enabling end-to-end support for non-functional properties in web services (2009)

Current Web services specification languages like WSDL and OWL-S are only focused on functional description. An important component that is missing from these specifications is the non-functional description such as its quality of service (QoS), cost, availability, etc. A comprehensive service description which provides information on non-functional aspects also is essential for tasks such as service selection, dynamic adaptation, etc. However, as many non-functional properties (NFPs) tend to be dynamic, mechanisms are needed to regularly update the NFP description with actual values obtained by proper monitoring. While there has been some efforts on specification of NFPs they are not general enough for representing at the desired granularity (operation, interface, etc.) and don't specify how these values should be measured and updated. Also, efforts on monitoring of NFPs are not closely related to description and dissemination of updated values. Hence, current approaches for handling NFPs are piecemeal and insufficient. In this paper, we present an integrated approach for enabling end-to-end support for NFPs from description, to measurement and updation, to dissemination of updated values. We describe a uniform representation for NFPs and propose mechanisms for specifying these NFPs for various service elements. The proposed NFP specification is generic enough to be used with any service description standard (such as WSDL, OWL-S, etc.) or as a separate specification paired with these standards. However, in this paper we use WSDL to illustrate specification of NFPs for various service elements. We then present a generic architecture for automatically measuring and updating the values of NFPs in a middleware. Further, we demonstrate its use by providing an implementation in Apache AXIS middleware for measuring and updating the values of dynamic properties automatically and making it available to clients.
Speech as an Error-Resistant Digital Code (1974)

Distinctive features, dominant perceptual cues—indeed many concepts of linguistics equate redundancy with waste. In doing so, they ignore an important principle of communication—that noise resistance derives from duplication. The remarkable indestructability of natural speech is well known. Doubtlessly that error resistance results from worthwhile redundancy. This paper presents a treatment of speech as the transmission of discrete units (words) coded as varying-length sequences of smaller elements (phonemes) over a noisy acoustic channel. This is, in every respect, a problem in coding theory, and the literature on error recovery in Huffman-like codes is extremely pertinent. In such codes, the dominant error problem is to maintain synchronism between sender and receiver. With poor codes, a single error can propagate to the end of the message, with the receiver never again correctly determining where one word ends and another begins. In practical codes, the mean time to recover from error is shortened by frequent occurrence of sequences that clearly signal the location of a boundary. In this presentation we review some of the coding literature. We argue that intonation and durational gestures, and consistent allophone variation at boundaries all serve an indispensable role: synchronization cues for error resistance.
Die Polymerisation des Tetrahydrofurans (1960)

Abstract Die Polymerisation des Tetrahydrofurans mit vielen Katalysatoren wird beschrieben und der Reaktionsmechanismus erörtert. Die Auslösung der Polymerisation gelingt in allen Fällen durch Bildung eines Oxonium‐Ions unter Anlagerung eines Kations (H ⊕ , R ⊕ , Ac ⊕ ) an das Sauerstoff‐Atom des Tetrahydrofurans unter gleichzeitigem Einbringen oder unter Bildung eines hinreichend stabilen komplexen Anions. Das Kettenwachstum verläuft stets in gleicher Weise und führt zu einem Gleichgewicht zwischen Polyätheroxoniumsalzen und dem Tetrahydrofuran. Die Kettenlänge wächst mit zunehmender Stabilität des Anions. Sie kann durch geeignete Zusätze in beliebiger Weise verändert werden. Mit 1.2‐ und 1.3‐Oxydo‐Verbindungen entstehen echte Mischpolymerisate.
Abstract W MP91: Supply-demand Mismatch Transients Trigger Peri-infarct Depolarizations In Ischemic Penumbra (2015)

Background: Peri-infarct depolarizations (PIDs) worsen the outcome of ischemic stroke. Unlike their impact on metabolism and perfusion, triggering factors are virtually unknown. We hypothesized that transient worsening of O2 supply-demand mismatch precipitates a PID in critically hypoperfused penumbra. Methods: We optically imaged cortical blood flow and oxygenation during distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice under full systemic physiological monitoring, and tested whether a transient (5 min) drop in O2 supply (hypotension or hypoxia) or increase in O2 demand (somatosensory cortical activation) can trigger PIDs during acute focal cerebral ischemia. Results: Transient hypotension (&lt;70 mmHg) or hypoxia (&lt;90 mmHg) triggered a PID 90% of the time (p&lt;0.01). Increasing the O2 demand by functional activation (tactile stimulation) of moderately ischemic cortex (contralesional forepaw or shoulder S1) increased the 5-min incidence of PIDs by approximately five-fold (p=0.001). Cortical oxyhemoglobin levels dropped by 35-40% in the activated S1 immediately before a PID (p=0.004) confirming increased O2 demand. Cortical foci from which PIDs originated during tactile stimulation had 27-32% residual CBF, indicating the presence of a critical range of ischemia vulnerable to PID initiation upon increased demand. Consistently, activation of non-ischemic cortex (hindpaw S1) or severely ischemic cortex (whisker S1) did not significantly increase the PID rate. Both tetrodotoxin (1 μM topical) and normobaric hyperoxia prevented somatosensory triggering of PIDs. Conclusion: PIDs are triggered upon O2 supply-demand mismatch transients in metastable peri-infarct hot zones due to increased demand or reduced supply. We propose that minimizing sensory stimulation and hypoxic or hypotensive transients in the early stages of stroke and brain injury would reduce PID incidence and their adverse impact on outcome.
Some Hard or Soft Coatings to Protect the Pristine Biometallic Substrates under Fretting-Corrosion Solicitations: What Should Be the Best Solution? (2020)

Under tribological conditions in aqueous medium, the contact of materials does involve some degradations of materials. Especially friction under small reciprocal displacement, i.e., fretting corrosion, is occurring; this topic has been highlighted since the 80′s regarding hip implants. Hip prosthesis is assembled from three parts: femoral stem, neck and head. Fretting corrosion or friction corrosion between metallic parts first involves some degradation of the oxides layers. This step is governed by mechanics and it is related to some few minutes. Afterwards the corrosion occurrs enhanced by mechanical degradation. As well focused some oxides and some metallic ions are related to biocompatibility issues. Some strategies are available in order to avoid metal against metal friction and/or fretting. Some hard coatings and some smooth coatings were investigated. The first one is diamond-like carbon (DLC), and the second is a polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polymeric one. The investigations were focused on fretting corrosion solicitations of Ti-6Al-4V vs. Ti-6Al-4V + coating. DLC as a coating delays the corrosion degradation. The PEEK coating does not promote any corrosion degradation of the metallic counter part and more generally any wear.
Einleitung (1974)

ZusammenfassungEine Untersuchung des Stabilitäts- und Schwingungsverhaltens dünnwandiger Schalen ist nur sinnvoll, wenn die auf die Schalen wirkenden stationären und instationären Kräfte bekannt sind. Die Zerstörung mehrerer hyperbolischer Kühltürme in England im November 1965 hat gezeigt, daß auf diesem Gebiet noch erhebliche Lücken vorhanden sind. Die vorliegende Arbeit setzt sich zum Ziel, für solche doppelt negativ gekrümmten Schalen die zu Instahilitäten und Schwingungen führenden Erregerkräfte durch Versuche an Modellen und an Großausführungen zu bestimmen, wobei neben der mittleren Winddruckverteilung insbesonders die instationären Druckschwankungen interessieren.
Système laser autonome pour la détection et le comptage des deux roues motorisées (2014)

National audience
Multivariate analysis of PET pharmacokinetic parameters improves inferential efficiency (2023)

PuMBA improves the precision and power of statistical analysis of PET data without requiring the collection of additional measurements. This makes it possible to study new research questions in both new and previously collected data. PuMBA therefore holds great promise for the field of PET imaging.
Policy-based architecture to enable autonomic communications - a position paper (2006)

The increase in complexity of network management systems and a consequent lack of association to business requirements has driven the need for autonomic communications. By integrating context information, autonomic computing can provide more efficient means to counter technical problems found in complex network systems and at the same time address associated business requirements. In this paper, we propose an autonomic communications architecture that manages complexity through policy-based management where we incorporate a shared information model integrated with knowledge-based reasoning mechanisms to provide self- governaning behavior.
Copper(ii)-mediated oxidative cyclization of enamides to oxazoles (2012)

The copper(II)-mediated oxidative cyclization of enamides to oxazoles is reported. A range of 2,5-disubstituted oxazoles were prepared in moderate to good yields in two steps from simple amide and alkyne precursors.
Field results from a new die-to-database reticle inspection platform (2007)

A new die-to-database high-resolution reticle defect inspection platform, TeraScanHR, has been developed for advanced production use with the 45nm logic node, and extendable for development use with the 32nm node (also the comparable memory nodes). These nodes will use predominantly ArF immersion lithography although EUV may also be used. According to recent surveys, the predominant reticle types for the 45nm node are 6% simple tri-tone and COG. Other advanced reticle types may also be used for these nodes including: dark field alternating, Mask Enhancer, complex tri-tone, high transmission, CPL, etc. Finally, aggressive model based OPC will typically be used which will include many small structures such as jogs, serifs, and SRAF (sub-resolution assist features) with accompanying very small gaps between adjacent structures. The current generation of inspection systems is inadequate to meet these requirements. The architecture and performance of the new TeraScanHR reticle inspection platform is described. This new platform is designed to inspect the aforementioned reticle types in die-to-database and die-to-die modes using both transmitted and reflected illumination. Recent results from field testing at two of the three beta sites are shown (Toppan Printing in Japan and the Advanced Mask Technology Center in Germany). The results include applicable programmed defect test reticles and advanced 45nm product reticles (also comparable memory reticles). The results show high sensitivity and low false detections being achieved. The platform can also be configured for the current 65nm, 90nm, and 130nm nodes.
Contribución al conocimiento de la flora algológica de España (1943)

The effect of Co(NO3)2, CdSO4, NiSO4, ZnSO4, and HgCl2 (given repeatedly in subtoxic doses in the drinking water for 30 days) on rat liver monooxygenases was studied in experiments on male Wistar rats. The salts of Co, Cd, and Zn increased the activity of benzphetamine-N-demethylase, the content of cytochrome P-450 and microsomal heme. The data suggest that these salts exert an enzyme-inducing effect on the hepatic monooxygenases. The same metal salts (Co, Cd, and Zn) increased the activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase and decreased that of heme oxygenase. The increased cytochrome P-450 content is probably due to the increased synthesis and the decreased breakdown of this hemoprotein. HgCl2 and NiSO4 did not exert an enzyme-inducing action. The lack of change in the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome b5 (except for ZnSO4) suggests that these components of the electron transport chain are not likely to be involved in the enzyme-inducing action of the heavy metal salts.