gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissolution Media Simulating Fasted and Fed States (2004)

When dissolution testing is used to forecast the in vivo performance of a drug, it is critical that the in vitro test mimic the conditions in vivo as closely as possible. A team of researchers, led by Dr. Jennifer Dressman of the J. W. Goethe University,Germany,has developed biorelevant gastrointestinal media that simulate the fasted and fed states. These media have been used to examine the solubility and dissolution characteristics of several classes of drugs including poorly soluble weak bases and lipophilic drugs to assist in predicting in vivo absorption behavior (1). Biorelevant in vitro dissolution testing is useful for qualitative forecasting of formulation and food effects on the dissolution and availability of orally administered drugs. It has been observed that biorelevant media can provide a more accurate simulation of pharmacokinetic profiles than simulated gastric fluid or simulated intestinal fluid. The use of biorelevant media can have a great impact on the pharmacokinetic studies performed to optimize dosing conditions and product formulation. In addition, biorelevant dissolution testing could be used to assess bioequivalence of post-approval formulation changes in certain kinds of drugs (2–5). The formulation and preparation instructions for the biorelevant media developed by Dr. Dressman’s group are detailed below.
Ahmadou Kourouma (2001)

AK: Well, of course, I am most pleased to be here now, because during the apartheid years I would never have visited your country, even though between Côte d'Ivoire and the South African regime then there were certain agreements and accommodations. At home I was always one of the opposition to all that.
Complex urban dataset with multi-level sensors from highly diverse urban environments (2019)

The high diversity of urban environments, at both the inter and intra levels, poses challenges for robotics research. Such challenges include discrepancies in urban features between cities and the deterioration of sensor measurements within a city. With such diversity in consideration, this paper aims to provide Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and image data acquired in complex urban environments. In contrast to existing datasets, the presented dataset encapsulates various complex urban features and addresses the major issues of complex urban areas, such as unreliable and sporadic Global Positioning System (GPS) data, multi-lane roads, complex building structures, and the abundance of highly dynamic objects. This paper provides two types of LiDAR sensor data (2D and 3D) as well as navigation sensor data with commercial-level accuracy and high-level accuracy. In addition, two levels of sensor data are provided for the purpose of assisting in the complete validation of algorithms using consumer-grade sensors. A forward-facing stereo camera was utilized to capture visual images of the environment and the position information of the vehicle that was estimated through simultaneous localization mapping (SLAM) are offered as a baseline. This paper presents 3D map data generated by the SLAM algorithm in the LASer (LAS) format for a wide array of research purposes, and a file player and a data viewer have been made available via the Github webpage to allow researchers to conveniently utilize the data in a Robot Operating System (ROS) environment. The provided file player is capable of sequentially publishing large quantities of data, similar to the rosbag player. The dataset in its entirety can be found at http://irap.kaist.ac.kr/dataset .
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Thrombin Inhibitors with Azaphenylalanine Scaffold. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Preparation and properties of hexamethyltungsten (1973)

The interaction of three equivalents of methyl-lithium with tungsten hexachloride in diethyl ether gives a brown solution from which hexamethyltungsten can be isolated. The chemical and spectroscopic properties of the compound are described. Reaction with nitric oxide gives tetramethylbis(N-methyl-N-nitrosohydroxylaminato)tungsten(VI) which is shown by n.m.r. studies to be stereochemically non-rigid at room temperature.
Four hands - two minds, oder three hands - one mind? (2020)

Fragestellung Erweiterte, endoskopische, endonasale Operationen am Nasennebenhöhlensystem, der Orbita und der Frontobasis erfordern in vielen Fällen bimanuelle Maßnahmen des Operateurs. Das Endoskop wird dabei typischerweise vom zweiten Operateur geführt, der aufgrund seiner Sachkenntnis und Erfahrung den jeweils relevanten Bildausschnitt einstellt. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird der Frage nachgegangen unter welchen Bedingungen ein Roboterarm eine Alternative sein kann.
Release of oxytocin and prolactin in response to suckling. (1983)

The oxytocin and prolactin responses to suckling were measured in 10 women in early (n = 5) and established lactation (n = 5). Oxytocin was released in a pulsatile manner during suckling in all women, but the response was not related to milk volume, prolactin response, or parity of the mother. In all 10 women plasma oxytocin concentrations increased three to 10 minutes before suckling began. In five women this occurred in response to the baby crying, in three it coincided with the baby becoming restless in expectation of the feed, while in two it corresponded with the mother preparing for the feed. There was no prolactin response to stimuli other than stimulation of the nipple associated with suckling. These results clearly indicate that the milk ejection reflex, with release of oxytocin, occurs in most women before the tactile stimulus of suckling. A second release of oxytocin follows in response to the suckling stimulus itself. Thus it is important that care is taken to protect breast feeding mothers from stress not only during suckling but also immediately before nursing, when conditioned releases of oxytocin will occur.
Development of Novel Cadmium-Free AgInS<SUB>2</SUB> Semiconductor Nanoparticles (2016)

AgInS2 (AIS) semiconductor nanoparticles as the novel alternatives to cadmium- or lead-containing semiconductors have attracted much attention both on the theory and application research, based on their tunable fluorescence emission wavelengths, high photostability and low toxicity of chemical composition. The bandgap of AIS nanoparticles can be adjusted from 1.54 to 2.03 eV, which makes AIS nanocrystalline suitable for applications in solar energy conversion. Moreover, the fluorescence emission wavelengths can be tuned in the near-infrared regions, and thus make it the next-generation low-toxicity materials for the applications in bioimaging. In this review, the research progress of the AIS nanoparticles is summarized, including synthetic methods, properties and the possibilities to influence their shape and crystallographic structure. Furthermore, we discuss the potential applications of this novel material in photocatalysis, solar energy conversion and biological area.
Supplementary Figure 2 from PD-L1 Studies Across Tumor Types, Its Differential Expression and Predictive Value in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Correlation of PD-L1 expression between maximum and mean immunofluorescence scores measured within the tumor compartment or stroma.&lt;/p&gt;
Effects of Ascorbic Acid Deficiency on Protein and Lipid Oxidation in Livers from SMP30/GNL Knockout Mice (2013)

Ascorbic acid (AA) functions as an electron donor and scavenges reactive oxygen species such as superoxide, singlet oxygen, and hydroxyl radicals in vitro. However, little is known about the effect of an AA deficiency on protein and lipid oxidation levels in the liver. Therefore, we measured the levels of protein carbonyl and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in livers from senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30)/gluconolactonase (GNL) knockout (KO) mice. These mice are deficient in AA, because they lack the SMP30/GNL gene, which is essential for the biosynthesis of AA in vivo. To track the effect of an AA deficiency, at 30 d of age, mice were divided into the following four groups: AA (-) SMP30/GNL KO, AA (+) SMP30/GNL KO, AA (-) wild type (WT), and AA (+) WT. The AA (+) groups were given water containing 1.5 g/L AA, whereas the AA (-) groups received water without AA for 57 d. All mice were fed an AA-free diet. Subsequently, protein carbonyl levels in livers from AA (-) SMP30/GNL KO mice were significantly higher than those from the other three groups; however, TBARS levels were not significantly different among the four groups. Therefore, AA must act as an anti-oxidant for proteins but might not directly protect lipid oxidation in the liver.
Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (2008)

Acute lower respiratory tract infections are a major cause of death and disability, yet the mechanisms that make such infections so virulent are not entirely understood. This review emphasizes the roles of inflammation and the response of the innate immune system and explains how these two processes interact to rid the lung of microbes but also how they can bring the elimination of infection in the lung to a perilous climax.
Vibroseis productivity: shake and go (2009)

ABSTRACT We use both model and field data to compare three methods for increasing vibroseis productivity and decreasing acquisition costs. The first method, HFVS (high‐fidelity vibratory seismic), allows us to separate the responses from individual vibrators when multiple vibrators are operating simultaneously. The data quality of the separated records is superior to that of conventional correlated data because they are processed with measured ground‐force signals, but the number of sweeps must be greater than or equal to the number of vibrators. The second method, cascaded sweep, eliminates the listening time between multiple sweeps and partially mitigates harmonic noise observed at later times on near‐offset traces. Finally, a combined method, continuous‐HFVS (C‐HFVS), allows source separation with a single, long, segmented sweep. Separation is as good as with HFVS and interference noise is limited to times near the end of a sweep‐segment length. All three methods produce acceptable seismic images for post‐stack and prestack amplitude interpretation. The choice of which option to use depends upon the area being investigated. HFVS has numerous benefits, especially when fine sampling is required to mitigate static problems and elevation changes. Due to the ability to separate individual responses, fine sampling can be achieved without sacrificing productivity. For deeper targets, cascaded sweep can be more efficient but data quality suffers from harmonic noise. C‐HFVS, which combines features of HFVS and cascaded sweep, has the potential to result in the highest productivity, without sacrificing either fine sampling or data quality.
Controlling Agents in Smart Matter with Global Constraints (1997)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was directly interfaced to flame-heated furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (FHF-AAS) via a laboratory-made thermospray interface for nanoliter trace element speciation. The CE-FHF-AAS interface integrated the superiorities of stable CE separation, complete sample introduction, and continuous vaporization for AAS detection without the need of extra external heat sources and any post-column derivation steps. To demonstrate the usefulness of the developed hybrid technique for speciation analysis, three environmentally significant and toxic forms of methylmercury (MeHg), phenylmercury (PhHg), and inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) were taken as model analytes. Baseline separation of the three mercury species was achieved by CE in a 60 cm long x 75 microm inner diameter fused-silica capillary at 20 kV and using a mixture of 100 mM boric acid and 10% v/v methanol (pH 8.30) as running electrolyte. The precision (relative standard deviation, RSD, n = 7) of migration time, peak area and peak height for the mercury species at 500 microg x L(-1) (as Hg) level were in the range of 0.9-1.2%, 1.5-1.9%, and 1.4-2.0%, respectively. The detection limit (S/N = 3) of three mercury species was 3.0 +/- 0.15 pg (as Hg), corresponding to 50.8 +/- 2.4 microg x L(-1) (as Hg) for 60 nL sample injection, which was almost independent on specific mercury species. The developed hybrid technique was successfully applied to the speciation analysis of mercury in a certified reference material (DORM-2, dogfish muscle).
PEDISTAL: A Personal Document Imaging System (2000)

The office of the past, and much of the present is still governed by the use of paper for transactions and especially information storage and recovery. Will this ever change in any significant way? I believe it will and currently available technology can change the way business is done. Currently, there are quite a few document image management products available for medium to large businesses. To function properly, these solutions are often expensive and require a fair amount of operator training as well as database experience etc. The purpose of Personal Document Imaging or PDI is to provide a simple cost-effective solution for individuals and perhaps very small businesses consisting of just a few people. This paper describes what such a system does, could do and might look like. The author has built a prototype system called PEDITSAL, that is used constantly and has at least survived the test of actual utility. Most of us have to decide what paper(s) to keep and which documents to throw out for file space reasons. The PDI system renders such decisions increasingly unnecessary due to the low cost nature of the solution.
Phase Ib study of cabozantinib plus panitumumab in KRAS wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). (2016)

3548 Background: Anti-EGFR therapy improves survival for patients (pts) with RAS WT mCRC, but nearly all pts develop therapeutic resistance. MET amplification (amp) is a well-described driver of acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. Cabozantinib (C) is an oral inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases, including VEGFR1-3 and MET. Panitumumab (P) is an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody. We designed a phase Ib study of C+P to target MET amp and enhance the activity of anti-EGFR therapy. Methods: Eligible pts with chemotherapy refractory KRAS WT mCRC were enrolled in a 3+3 dose finding cohort (Dose Find) to identify the recommended phase II dose (RPTD). Prior anti-EGFR therapy was permitted. Cycle length was 28 days. Pts were then enrolled in a single-arm expansion cohort (EXP) and treated at the RPTD. The EXP cohort included a 2-week C monotherapy lead-in. The objectives of the EXP cohort were to better describe the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of C+P. Response assessment occurred every 2 months (mos) using RECIST version 1.1. Peripheral blood was sequenced for > 54 gene mutations and focal amps, including MET (Guardant Health, Inc.). Results: As of 11/24/2015, 16 pts were evaluable for toxicity (6 Dose Find; 10 EXP), and 14 pts were evaluable for response (6 Dose Find; 8 EXP). 13 pts had received prior anti-EGFR therapy. There were no dose limiting toxicity events in the Dose Find cohort (0/6). The RPTD was C 60mg PO daily and P 6 mg/kg IV Q2 weeks. In the Dose Find and EXP cohorts, there were no grade 4 or 5 treatment related adverse events (TRAEs). The most frequently reported (all grades > 30%) TRAEs were (n, %) acneiform rash (10, 63%), oral mucositis (9, 56%), diarrhea (8, 50%), increased AST (7, 44%), paronychia (6, 38%), increased ALT (5, 31%), and fatigue (5, 31%). Median PFS was 3.7 mos (95% C.I., 2.3–7.4 mos). Median OS was 7.5 mos (95% C.I., 6.4–12.1 mos). 2 pts (14%) had a confirmed partial response, and 5 pts had PFS > 6 months. Conclusions: In this heavily pre-treated patient population, the combination of C+P demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and encouraging clinical activity at the RPTD. Recruitment for the EXP cohort is now complete. Blood biomarker analysis will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT02008383.
Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis: SEPs in Chicken with Experimentally Induced Scoliosis and in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis (1994)

We studied somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in 20 chickens with experimentally induced scoliosis after pinealectomy and in 100 patients with idiopathic scoliosis. We also studied 20 chickens without scoliosis and 20 healthy youngsters. In the chickens, SEPs after leg stimulation was significantly delayed in the scoliosis group compared to the controls. In patients, the latency of cortical potential (N37) after stimulation of tibial nerve was longer in the scoliosis group than in the controls. Our findings in both experimental and clinical studies strongly support the hypothesis that idiopathic scoliosis results from dysfunction in the central nervous system. The type of SEPs abnormalities described in idiopathic scoliosis suggest a pathology from the midbrain to the cortex.
The hTERT Gene Is Embedded in a Nuclease-resistant Chromatin Domain (2004)

Normal human cells rarely undergo spontaneous immortalization. Given that ectopic expression of the human telomerase catalytic subunit hTERT leads to cellular immortalization, the endogenous hTERT gene is likely constitutively repressed. Hence, we have examined the chromatin structure of the native hTERT locus and the neighboring loci, CRR9 and Xtrp2, in normal human fibroblasts and a set of immortal lines. Using generalized DNase I sensitivity assays, we revealed that the entire hTERT gene was embedded in a chromatin domain that was as resistant to the nuclease as the well studied beta-globin loci in both telomerase-positive and -negative cells. This condensed domain was at least 100 kb in size and contained the intergenic region 5' to the hTERT gene and the downstream Xtrp2 locus. A transition from the nuclease-sensitive CRR9 locus to the condensed region appeared near the 3'-end of the CRR9 gene. hTERT transcription was associated with the appearance of a major DNase I-hypersensitive site positioned around the hTERT transcription start site and several minor hypersensitive sites. In telomerase-negative cells, the inhibition of histone deacetylases by trichostatin A led to the opening of this chromatin domain, accompanied by transcription from the hTERT gene but not the Xtrp2 gene. In contrast, the inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide induced transcription from both the hTERT and Xtrp2 genes, indicating that histone deacetylases and labile factors coordinate to silence this chromosomal region. Taken together, our data suggest a novel mechanism of hTERT regulation at the chromatin level and have important implications for studying telomerase expression.
Role of the sarcolemma in triggered propagated contractions in rat cardiac trabeculae. (1991)

We have recently described that after contractions propagate through multicellular cardiac muscle preparations. These propagating contractions are triggered in damaged regions of rat right ventricular trabeculae during relaxation of electrically stimulated twitches. Propagation of triggered contractions has been attributed to calcium ions that diffuse along the preparation, causing calcium-induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in adjacent cells. In the present study we have investigated a possible role of the sarcolemma and delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) in the initiation and propagation of triggered propagated contractions (TPCs) in multicellular preparations. We studied whether 1) TPCs are accompanied by delayed sarcolemmal depolarizations, 2) such depolarizations mediate local contraction, and 3) an intact sarcolemma is required for propagation of contractions. TPCs that remained stable for prolonged periods of time could be induced by trains of 15 stimuli (2 Hz, 15-second intervals) at lowered temperature (19-21 degrees C) of the superfusing Krebs-Henseleit medium and a [Ca(2+)]o of 1.0-1.5 mM. Although TPCs could be induced at 38 degrees C and a [Ca2+]o of 3.0-4.0 mM, they disappeared within 10 minutes. Force was measured with a silicon strain gauge; length and shortening of sarcomeres were measured at two sites of the muscle using laser diffraction techniques. Membrane potential was measured with flexible microelectrodes. Saponin was used to selectively render the sarcolemma permeable to small ions and molecules. Propagation velocity of TPCs in intact trabeculae varied from 1.7 to 13.4 mm/sec at 19-21 degrees C. TPCs were accompanied by DADs that could reach threshold and induce triggered arrhythmias. Changes in latency, duration, and force of TPCs, induced by changing [Ca(2+)]o or the number of conditioning stimuli, were closely matched by changes in latency, duration, and amplitude of DADs; DADs consistently preceded TPCs, on average by 60 msec. Local heating of the muscle, by applying a current through an insulated platinum wire (diameter 100 microns) that touched the muscle, interrupted propagation of TPCs reversibly. DADs were, in the absence of a local contraction, still recorded distal to the heated site. In muscles that were treated with saponin and exposed to solutions approximating the intracellular milieu, spontaneously occurring local contractions that propagated in both directions (at velocities of 70-200 microns/sec) were elicited at a bathing calcium concentration of approximately 0.6 microM. Below this threshold, propagated contractions could be triggered by pressure ejection of a calcium-containing solution from a microelectrode positioned close to the trabecula.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Fault tolerant control method for displacement sensor fault of wheel-legged robot based on deep learning (2018)

In this paper, a fault-tolerant control method based on deep learning is proposed for multi displacement sensor fault of a wheel-legged robot with new structure. Unlike most methods that only detect a single sensor, the proposed method can detect a large number of sensors simultaneously and rapidly. The residual error is generated by sensor values and the prediction model which is established by deep belief network(DBN) in deep learning, to detect faults and locate faulty sensors. Then, by using other non-faulty sensor information to reconstruct the signal through the neural network and combining with the coupling relationship of the 6-DOF platform, the fault sensor signal can be estimated accurately and the error accumulation problem can be also solved. Comparing the two algorithms of neural network and support vector machine(SVM), the reconstruction signal of neural network has higher accuracy. So, the performance of the wheel-legged robot can be guaranteed within a safety range. It is proved that the proposed method has high reliability and stability.
Tissue Engineering: Programmed Shape‐Morphing Scaffolds Enabling Facile 3D Endothelialization (Adv. Funct. Mater. 29/2018) (2018)

An innovative approach to effectively improving the 3D endothelialization of small-diameter vascular grafts is presented by Xuemin Du and co-workers in article number 1801027. The novel shape-morphing scaffolds with favorably attached vascular endothelial cells enable a programmed deformation from 2D planner shape to a controllable 3D tubular shape at physiological temperature.
Ultrasonic wave propagation and mechanical properties of human skin stretched in vivo (2007)

December 9-13