gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MECHANISMS OF SEPSIS-INDUCED ORGAN DYSFUNCTION AND RECOVERY (2007)

Bibliographic Data: Springer, 2007. ISBN: 978-3540301578, Series Title: Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, volume 44, 453 pages, hard cover, $189.00. REVIEWER'S EXPERT OPINION Description: This collection of essays, volume 44 in the "Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine" series, describes specific patterns and mediators of organ failure in the setting of infection. Purpose: Global mediators, cellular, and tissue-specific changes in the setting of infection are collected from reports of the laboratories doing this work. Audience: Senior trainees and practitioners in multidisciplinary critical care medicine are an appropriate audience for this book edited and written by an international group of critical care and sepsis leaders. Features: After introductory comments that provide a unifying force for the presentations, mediators of inflammation are discussed, followed by components of the pattern of cellular injury seen in sepsis. Later chapters include metabolic changes, and a concluding group of essays focus on organ-specific dysfunction. Chapters are well written and include line drawings and tables to summarize data. An ample reference list follows each presentation, with references dating to within 2 years of publication, which represent original work. Assessment: This is a good compilation of recent work done at the level of cytokines, cells, and tissues to help understand and treat this important problem. Consistent with clinical practice, cellular and organ dysfunction are emphasized, whereas we still know relatively little about the tipping point between cell and tissue death and recovery. This is a worthy overview for the academic clinician facing sepsis at bedside. Reviewer: David J. Dries, MD (University of Minnesota Medical School)
Development of secondary breakdown circuit for DV/DT analysis of SIC devices (2015)

Silicon carbide (4H-SiC) is a leading option for increasing the power density of pulsed power and power electronic systems <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1, 2</sup> . SiC devices used in high voltage switching applications experience high dV/dt due to fast switching transients. Under high dV/dt conditions the devices can exhibit spurious turn-ON. For SiC devices to achieve widespread acceptance the dV/dt limit must be established. To measure the dV/dt limit, a circuit comprised of four silicon avalanche BJTs operating in secondary breakdown was constructed. This circuit is capable of generating dV/dts well in excess of what SiC unipolar and bipolar devices might be exposed to in typical applications. Two SiC diodes in an “OR” configuration are used to perform a comprehensive dV/dt analysis as a function of dc bias. Using this experimental setup dV/dts up to 200 V/ns were applied to SiC MOSFETs, and the induced gate to source voltage was measured. Preliminary dV/dt results achieved with the secondary breakdown circuit are shown for a range of dc biases.
Magdalena Ridge Observatory optical interferometer: a status report (2003)

The Magdalena Ridge Observatory (MRO) project is presently funded to design and build a facility including an optical/infrared imaging interferometer composed of up to 10 1.5 meter class telescopes and a single conventional 2.4 meter class telescope. The interferometer array will be arranged in a “Y” configuration and the use of movable telescopes will allow its reconfiguration from a very compact array with baselines up to tens of meters to a true long baseline configuration with baselines up to 400 meters. We plan to introduce adaptive optics systems on the array telescopes.
Intracellular Signaling of the TGF‐β Superfamily by Smad Proteins (1999)

TGF-beta is a potent inhibitor of cell growth, and accumulating evidence suggests that perturbation of the TGF-beta signaling pathway leads to tumorigenesis. Smads are recently identified proteins that mediate intracellular signaling of the TGF-beta superfamily. Smads 2 and 3 are phosphorylated by the TGF-beta type I receptor. Smad4 was originally identified as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic cancers. Smads 2 and 3 form complexes with Smad4 upon TGF-beta stimulation. The heteromeric Smad complexes translocate into the nucleus, where they activate expression of target genes. Our recent study demonstrated that Smads exist as monomers in the absence of TGF-beta. Smads 2 and 3 form homo- as well as hetero-oligomers with Smad4 upon ligand stimulation. Both homo-oligomers and hetero-oligomers directly bind to DNA, suggesting that the signaling pathway of Smads may be multiplex. Smads 2 and 3 associate with transcriptional coactivators such as p300 in a ligand-dependent manner, p300 enhances transactivation by TGF-beta, suggesting that coactivators link Smads to the basal transcriptional machinery. A missense mutation of Smad2 identified in colorectal and lung cancers was introduced to Smad3. The mutant, Smad3(DE), blocked the activation of wild-type Smad2 and Smad3. Thus, the missense mutation not only disrupts the function of the wild-type Smad but also creates a dominant-negative Smad, which could actively contribute to oncogenesis.
Supplementary Figure Legend from VEGFR-1 Pseudogene Expression and Regulatory Function in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells (2023)

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Functional changes in the oral microbiome after use of fluoride and arginine containing dentifrices: a metagenomic and metatranscriptomic study (2022)

Our data demonstrate that long-term use of both assayed dentifrices changes the bacterial composition and functional profiles of human dental plaque towards a healthier microbial community, both in caries-free and caries-active sites. This observation was especially apparent for the Fl+Arg dentifrice. Thus, we conclude that the preventive benefits of tooth brushing go beyond the physical removal of dental plaque and that the active ingredients formulated within dentifrices have a positive effect not only on enamel chemistry but also on the metabolism of oral microbial populations. Video Abstract.
No evidence of potentiation of buprenorphine by milnacipran in healthy subjects using a nociceptive test battery (2016)

Buprenorphine is known to be a potent opioid agonist. Animal studies suggest that milnacipran co-administered with opioids may potentiate the analgesic effect of μ-opioid receptor agonists. Here, we found that buprenorphine showed a dose-dependent analgesic effect, but that no potentiation or synergy on a battery of evoked pain tasks could be observed after co-administration of both milnacipran and buprenorphine.
In vitro activity of methylene blue on Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates (2021)

Methylene blue is used for bacterial staining in microbiology and as an antidote drug in medicine. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of methylene blue against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex clinical isolates. Seventeen stored M. tuberculosis complex clinical isolates were included in the study. The isolates were inoculated into Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tubes and incubated in Automated Mycobacterial Detection System. Mycobacteria Growth Indicator tubes containing methylene blue at critical concentrations of 0.2, 2, 20, 1000 µg ml-1 and control tube were prepared. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Automated Mycobacterial Detection System which is gold standard for second line anti-tuberculosis drug testing. At the end of the study, six clinical isolates were susceptible to methylene blue at all critical concentrations. Five isolates were susceptible to only 1000 µg ml-1 methylene blue. Three isolates were susceptible to 1000 and 20 µg ml-1 methylene blue. Susceptibility rate was found as 94% when the critical proportion was accepted 400 GU (1/100 of control). Significant relationship was observed between the administered methylene blue concentrations and bacterial survival rate in statistical analysis. We conclude that methylene blue may become a potential anti-tuberculosis agent due to its well-known side effects and dosing regimens.
The chirp z-transform algorithm (1969)

A computational algorithm for numerically evaluating the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</tex> -transform of a sequence of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> samples is discussed. This algorithm has been named the chirp <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</tex> -transform (CZT) algorithm. Using the CZT algorithm one can efficiently evaluate the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</tex> -transform at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> points in the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</tex> -plane which lie on circular or spiral contours beginning at any arbitrary point in the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</tex> -plane. The angular spacing of the points is an arbitrary constant, and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> are arbitrary integers. The algorithm is based on the fact that the values of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</tex> -transform on a circular or spiral contour can be expressed as a discrete convolution. Thus one can use well-known high-speed convolution techniques to evaluate the transform efficiently. For <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> moderately large, the computation time is roughly proportional to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(N+M) \log_{2}(N+M)</tex> as opposed to being proportional to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N . M</tex> for direct evaluation of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</tex> -transform at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> points.
Performance of OFDMA resource scheduling in joint mobile radio and radar networks (2020)

In this paper, we study the impact of time-frequency resource scheduling on the performance of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based radar receiver for joint mobile radio and radar networks. Our results illustrate how the sparse distribution of resources in the time-frequency grid, as used for orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), affects the cost function of a maximum-likelihood estimator. Based on our results, we provide a simple set of rules for the design of resource scheduling schemes in joint networks. Furthermore, we reveal that radar sensing with OFDM can benefit from multiple algorithms and procedures already employed in mobile communication standards, such as synchronization and error correction.
Managing the Risk in Operating PCCP Pipelines (2001)

It is possible to manage the risk in operating a PCCP pipeline effectively. Performing an assessment of the actual condition of each pipe and examining the hydraulic loads experienced under various operating conditions allows predictions to be made regarding the failure point of each pipe. By prioritizing the pipe sections by the likelihood and consequence of failure, a cost effective rehabilitation and/or replacement strategy can be developed. By determining the causes for the distress, a corrective plan may be implemented and monitored through periodic and/or continuous monitoring of sections of the pipeline.
Host-mediated changes in patients receiving antiangiogenic therapy for resected RCC. (2011)

4557 Background: VEGFR TKIs show activity in patients (pts) with metastatic RCC; however, their activity in the adjuvant setting is unknown. VEGFR TKI-targeted tx of pts with advanced cancer induces changes in circulating proangiogenic cyts; the source of these molecules is unknown. In order to see if these changes were host dependent we performed plasma analysis of circulating cyts in pts treated with adjuvant sunitinib (Su), sorafenib (So) or placebo (P) on ECOG E2805. Methods: 1,943 pts were enrolled in E2805, study of adjuvant tx in pts with resected RCC. Pts were randomized to Su 50mg po qd for 4 of 6 wks; So 400mg po BID qd; or P). Plasma was collected at the start of tx (4-12 wks post nephrectomy) and at either 4 or 6 wks into tx. Levels of circulating VEGF, bFGF, sFLT1, and placental growth factor (PlGF) were measured by multiplex array (Meso-Scale Disc.). Mixed models were used to estimate log-transformed cyt levels in each group, adjusting for effects due to plate and processing day and accounting for within-subject correlation. P values are from model-based tests of fixed effects (F tests). Results: 1,416 samples from 352 pts were included; table shows results in ng/ml. VEGF levels increased from baseline to post-cycle 1 in Su pts (measured at 4 wks) and in So pts, and remained stable in P pts. No consistent patterns of change between arms for bFGF, sFLT or PlGF were seen, after adjusting for processing effects. Conclusions: Of cyts measured, the most consistent changes were seen in VEGF levels. Treatment with Su and So increased VEGF levels in pts with no evidence of cancer, signifying that levels are mediated at least in part by the host. No difference from baseline to post-tx among Su patients with samples drawn at 6 wks was observed, suggesting that changes are reversible. On the contrary, So-treated pts maintained elevated VEGF levels at wk 6 (2 wks off tx), consistent with the continuous dosing schedule. Further study of the relationship among VEGF levels, tx outcomes and side effects is warranted. Arm Follow-up sample drawn at wk Patients Adj mean VEGF baseline Adj mean VEGF follow-up P value (F test) Sunitinib 4 66 0.10 0.22 <0.0001 6 61 0.12 0.12 0.90 Sorafenib 4 71 0.14 0.17 <0.0001 6 65 0.11 0.16 <0.0001 Placebo 4 75 0.11 0.11 0.27 6 66 0.11 0.11 0.30
Effect of Machining Velocity on the Crystallographic Textures in aDiamond Turned Aluminium Single Crystal (1999)

The orientation changes in the crystallographic textures of a diamond turned aluminium single crystal have been investigated. The X‐ray pole figures were collected at various locations on the surfaces turned at high speed. In the central part of the turned surfaces, the pole figures revealed the presence of a thin deformed layer. Four sets of slip systems were found to operate to a very similar extent. However, as the distance from the centre increased, the operation of these four sets of slip systems varied and the textural changes were found to be increasingly affected by the cutting velocity. In a separate grooving experiment, electron back‐scatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns were collected at various locations along the bottom part of the groove. These patterns revealed a lattice rotation on the machined surface which was induced by shearing along the cutting direction.
0.5-V Highly Power-Efficient Programmable Logic using Nonvolatile Configuration Switch in BEOL (2015)

A low-power nonvolatile programmable-logic cell array is proposed for energy-constrained applications such as wireless sensor nodes and mobile apparatuses. A 64x64 programmable-logic cell array includes a 9.2-Mbit nonvolatile switch, namely atom switch, as the routing switch and configuration memory. A 16-bit arithmetic logic unit, which is a building block of the micro-controller unit, was implemented to compare the speed and power consumption with a state-of-the-art low power field-programmable gate array. The proposed programmable-logic array exhibited 30% dynamic power saving and x2.5 faster operation in the low-voltage region. Zero sleep power was also demonstrated.
The Analysis of Handgrip Force during Bilateral and Unilateral Arm Movements in Different Directions: A Preliminary Study (2011)

Brain injury causes a broad spectrum of symptoms and functional disabilities in the upper extremities. The functional recovery of upper extremities for people with brain injury is an important issue of life. Studies have shown that bilateral arm movement training can help motor recovery. However, the effect of arm movement on handgrip force symmetry, a key element for successful interaction with objects in the environment, was still unclear. This study is designed to examine the symmetry of handgrip forces during bilateral or unilateral arm movements of different directions. PURPOSE: The purposes of the present investigation were to (1) compare handgrip force symmetry between bilateral and unilateral arm reaching movements, (2) investigate changes of handgrip force under bilateral or unilateral arm reaching movements of different directions in healthy subjects. METHODS: Two female and eight male healthy adults participated in this study (mean age =25.3±1.4y/o). Subjects were asked to perform the following four experimental reaching tasks with sustained handgrip contractions (20% of the maximal voluntary contraction) in sitting position: (1) bilateral reach straightly to the target located in each ipsilateral workspace; (2) bilateral reach crabwise to the target located in each ipsilateral workspace; (3) unilateral reach straightly to the target; (4) unilateral reach crabwise to the target. The force outputs of the subject's hands were recorded with a host PC through DAQ card. All signal processes were performed using a customized program (LabVIEW). Two-way analysis of variance was performed to determine the differences in handgrip force under different experimental conditions. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that the handgrip force symmetry was higher (83.7%) in bilateral than the unilateral condition (80.21%), especially in bilateral reach straightly to the target (87.25%) The variance of handgrip force was not significantly different between bilateral (20.63%) and unilateral tasks (19.84%). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that bilateral reach straightly to the target facilitated the most symmetrical force between hands, which could be used by clinicians and therapists as a therapeutic or evaluation strategy for rehabilitation. Supported by NSC Grant NSC-99-2221-E-010-002.
The effects of hydrogenation on the properties of ion beam sputter deposited amorphous carbon (1985)

The incorporation of hydrogen in ion beam sputtered carbon profoundly affects the physical properties of the amorphous film. Optical absorption, electrical conductivity, and ESR measurements suggest that incorporated hydrogen efficiently passifies the dangling bonds and saturates the graphitic bonding to some extent. By single ion beam sputter deposition, amorphous carbon films containing up to 35 at. % of hydrogen were obtained. This material acts as a narrow band gap (1.2 eV) semiconductor with a relatively low density of states but has an abundance of unsaturated sp2 bonding. In fact, 13C-NMR measurements on this material show that the sp2/sp3 bonding ratio is about 1.5. High density and extreme hardness are properties of ion beam deposited carbon films which contain little or no hydrogen. However, the physical properties of such amorphous carbon which, due to its unique mechanical properties is sometimes referred to as amorphous diamond, are largely dominated by the unsaturated graphitic bonding.
Pseudomonas siderophore pyochelin enhances neutrophil-mediated endothelial cell injury (1994)

Pyochelin, a siderophore secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, binds iron in a form which can catalyze the formation of hydroxyl radical (.OH) from neutrophil-derived superoxide (O2-.) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Ferripyochelin induced a concentration-dependent increase in endothelial cell injury (51Cr release) resulting from exposure to H2O2, a xanthine/xanthine oxidase O2-./H2O2 generating system, or stimulated neutrophils. This process was dependent on the presence of iron. Formation of .OH was confirmed using spin trapping. Although a slight (13%) increase in neutrophil O2-. production in the presence of ferripyochelin was observed, this did not appear to account for the extent of endothelial cell injury observed. The antioxidants dimethylthiourea and catalase decreased endothelial cell injury, whereas dimethyl sulfoxide and superoxide dismutase were without effect. Fe-nitrilotriacetic acid and Fe-EDTA, which are also .OH catalysts, did not augment endothelial cell injury resulting from exposure to the above oxidant systems. In contrast to results with the endothelial cells, killing of P. aeruginosa by O2-./H2O2 derived from the reaction of xanthine and xanthine oxidase was not increased by ferripyochelin. These data are consistent with the possibility that the interaction of Pseudomonas- and phagocyte-derived secretory products could contribute to local tissue injury at sites of P. aeruginosa infection by causing the generation of .OH.
EXAMINING THE ROLE OF foraging AND malvolio IN HOST‐FINDING BEHAVIOR IN THE HONEY BEE PARASITE, Varroa destructor (ANDERSON & TRUEMAN) (2013)

When a female varroa mite, Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman), invades a honey bee brood cell, the physiology rapidly changes from feeding phoretic to reproductive. Changes in foraging and malvolio transcript levels in the brain have been associated with modulated intra-specific food searching behaviors in insects and other invertebrates. Transcription profiles for both genes were examined during and immediately following brood cell invasion to assess their role as potential control elements. Vdfor and Vdmvl transcripts were found in all organs of varroa mites with the highest Vdfor transcript levels in ovary-lyrate organs and the highest Vdmvl in Malpighian tubules. Changes in transcript levels of Vdfor and Vdmvl in synganglia were not associated with the cell invasion process, remaining comparable between early reproductive mites (collected from the pre-capping brood cells) and phoretic mites. However, Vdfor and Vdmvl transcript levels were lowered by 37 and 53%, respectively, in synganglia from reproductive mites compared to early reproductive mites, but not significantly different to levels in synganglia from phoretic mites. On the other hand, in whole body preparations the Vdfor and Vdmvl had significantly higher levels of transcript in reproductive mites compared to phoretic and early reproductive, mainly due to the presence of both transcripts accumulating in the eggs carried by the ovipositing mite. Varroa mites are a critical component for honey bee population decline and finding varroa mite genes associated with brood cell invasion, reproduction, ion balance and other physiological processes will facilitate development of novel control avenues for this honey bee parasite.