gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metastasis suppressed, but tumorigenicity and local invasiveness unaffected, in the human melanoma cell line MelJuSo after introduction of human chromosomes 1 or 6 (1996)

Progression of human melanoma toward increasing malignant behavior is associated with several nonrandom chromosomal aberrations, most commonly involving chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 9, and 10. We previously showed that introduction of human chromosome 6 into the highly metastatic human malignant melanoma cell line C8161 completely suppressed metastasis without altering tumorigenicity (Welch DR, Chen P, Miele ME, et al., Oncogene 9:255-262, 1994). Alterations of chromosome 1 are the most frequent chromosome abnormality observed in melanomas, and they frequently arise late in tumor progression. The purpose of the study presented here was to compare the effects of chromosomes 1 and 6 on malignant melanoma metastasis. By using microcell-mediated chromosome transfer, single copies of neo-tagged human chromosomes 1 or 6 were introduced into the human melanoma cell line MelJuSo. The presence of the added chromosome was verified by G banding of karyotypes, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and screening for polymorphic markers on each chromosome. The incidence and number of metastases per lung after intravenous or intradermal injection of parental MelJuSo cells was significantly (P<0.01) greater than those of hybrids containing either chromosome 1 or chromosome 6, although chromosome 1 was a less potent inhibitor of metastasis than chromosome 6. Cultures established from primary tumors and metastases remained neomycin resistant, suggesting that portions of the added chromosomes were retained. These results strengthen the evidence for the presence of a melanoma metastasis suppressor gene on chromosome 6. neo6/MelJuSo hybrids expressed 2.4- to 3.4-fold more of the melanoma differentiation-associated gene mda-6 (previously shown to be identical to WAF1/CIP1/Sdi1/CAP20) than parental metastatic cells. mda-6/WAF1 is among the candidate genes on chromosome 6. These results also demonstrate, for the first time, the existence of metastasis suppressor genes on human chromosome 1, although these genes appear to be less potent than the one encoded on chromosome 6.
Immune correlates for dengue vaccine development (2015)

Dengue virus is the leading cause of vector-borne viral disease with four serotypes in circulation. Vaccine development has been complicated by the potential for both protection and disease enhancement during heterologous infection. Secondary infection triggers cross-reactive immune memory responses that have varying functional and epitope specificities that determine protection or risk. Strongly neutralizing antibodies to quaternary epitopes may be especially important for virus neutralization. Cell-mediated immunity dominated by Th1 functions may also play an important role. Determining an immune correlate of protection or risk would be highly beneficial for vaccine development but is hampered by mechanistic uncertainties and assay limitations. Clinical efficacy trials and human infection models along with a systems approach may provide future opportunities to elucidate such correlates.
EVALUATION OF TIME PROPORTIONAL SAMPLING STRATEGIES FOR ESTIMATING ANNUAL NUTRIENT FLUXES AT THE OUTLETS OF COASTAL PLAIN WATERSHEDS (2013)

Excess nutrient loads have been recognized to be the major cause of serious water quality problems recently encountered in the North Carolina estuaries and coastal waters. There has been a particular concern in coastal watersheds because agricultural and forested lands are located in close proximity to recreational and environmentally sensitive. Best Management Practices have been proposed to reduce nutrient emissions at the field and the watershed scale. BMP implementations have been coupled with nutrient flux monitoring programs for effectiveness assessment purposes.<br><br>Nutrient fluxes are usually estimated from continuous flow measurements and discontinuous concentration values obtained after laboratory analysis from discrete water samples. Because of the discontinuity on the concentration information, there is an error made in flux estimations compared to the actual fluxes. This error may be, in some cases, within the same range as the expected water quality improvements. Actual improvements may thus very well remain undetected because of unsuited sampling strategies.<br><br>To our knowledge, there are no existing references to1) estimate those errors and 2) propose sampling guidelines for minimizing those errors. In this paper, we have examined, using reference databases, the possible errors that can be made on the estimation of annual nutrient fluxes at the outlet of the lower coastal plain watersheds, using time proportional sampling. Our results show that significant errors can be made using even weekly sampling. To detect water quality improvements, our results suggest it is desirable to design sampling on at least a 3-day basis for nitrate and total nitrogen, between 1- to 2-day basis for TOC and less than 1-day for total phosphorus. However, our results also show that there can be significant differences between watersheds. One should expect the magnitude of errors to decrease with increasing watershed size, as long as there is a significant correlation between flow and concentration. One should also expect annual nutrient fluxes to be underestimated for nutrients or chemicals exhibiting a concentration effect during flow events, the opposite being true for nutrients or chemical exhibiting dilution effects. Time proportional sampling thus seems relatively ill designed for monitoring, with reasonable uncertainties, annual nutrient flux at the outlets of small coastal plain watersheds. In particular, increasing sampling frequencies from monthly to biweekly or even weekly does not decrease significantly possible errors on flux estimations.
P1–149: Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in mild cognitive impairment compared to healthy aged controls (2006)

Recent studies indicate an early role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The inflammatory process in the AD brain may be expressed in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells and thus warrants study. We have screened for cytokines differentially produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from, healthy aged controls (n = 7), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 4), and patients who had progressed to mild AD from MCI (PMCI) (n = 3) using a commercially available array of 20 cytokines involved in inflammation. Following determination of relevant cytokines, we quantified levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF–α, IL–10, IL–6, and IL–8 and the antiinflammatory cytokines IL–12p70 and IL–10 produced by unstimulated and stimulated (with PHA or LPS) PBMCs isolated from 22 healthy aged controls, 32 patients with MCI, and 8 patients with PMCI using flow cytometry. We have found a significant increase in the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL–6 and IL–8 and the antiinflammatory cytokine IL–10 produced by PBMCs stimulated for 24 h with PHA in MCI versus controls. This difference disappears after culturing for 48 hours. There were no significant differences in the production of cytokines when PBMCs were stimulated with LPS. Cytokine levels were below the limit of detection in unstimulated PBMCs cultured for 24 or 48 hours except for IL–8, and IL–8 levels did not differ between aged controls, MCI patients, and PMCI patients. Our data indicate that alterations in cytokine production by PBMCs may be detected early in MCI and that a shift toward the proinflammatory phenotype may precede the development of AD. Interestingly, the trend in proinflammatory cytokine production seems to peak in MCI patients and return to control or below control levels once they progress to AD. This is in agreement with findings that intrathecal inflammation precedes the development of AD which gives support to the hypothesis that inflammation is an initiating factor rather than a late consequence of the disease. This research was funded by NIH Grant #AG20948.
Near-ideal RF upconverters (2002)

This paper presents experimental results on the application of a new quadrature modulator compensator, which allows existing quadrature modulators to achieve near-ideal RF upconversion over a wide bandwidth. A test setup using an arbitrary waveform generator and a spectrum analyzer shows that over 70 dB of spurious-free dynamic range may be obtained over a bandwidth of 1.2 MHz using an off-the-shelf Mini Circuits in-phase/quadrature modulator operating at 895 MHz. A conventional compensator provides only 45 dB of sideband suppression in the same experimental setup.
Characterization of Clostridium perfringens in the feces of adult horses and foals with acute enterocolitis. (2014)

Up to 60% of cases of equine colitis have no known cause. To improve understanding of the causes of acute colitis in horses, we hypothesized that Clostridium perfringens producing enterotoxin (CPE) and/or beta2 toxin (CPB2) are common and important causes of severe colitis in horses and/or that C. perfringens producing an as-yet-undescribed cytotoxin may also cause colitis in horses. Fecal samples from 55 horses (43 adults, 12 foals) with clinical evidence of colitis were evaluated by culture for the presence of Clostridium difficile, C. perfringens, and Salmonella. Feces were also examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for C. difficile A/B toxins and C. perfringens alpha toxin (CPA), beta2 toxin (CPB2), and enterotoxin (CPE). Five C. perfringens isolates per sample were genotyped for the following genes: cpa, cpb, cpb2 consensus, cpb2 atypical, cpe (enterotoxin), etx (epsilon toxin), itx (iota toxin), netB (necrotic enteritis toxin B), and tpeL (large C. perfringens cytotoxin). The supernatants of these isolates were also evaluated for toxicity for an equine cell line. All fecal samples were negative for Salmonella. Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile were isolated from 40% and 5.4% of samples, respectively. All fecal samples were negative for CPE. Clostridium perfringens CPA and CPB2 toxins were detected in 14.5% and 7.2% of fecal samples, respectively, all of which were culture-positive for C. perfringens. No isolates were cpe, etx, netB, or tpeL gene-positive. Atypical cpb2 and consensus cpb2 genes were identified in 15 (13.6%) and 4 (3.6%) of 110 isolates, respectively. All equine C. perfringens isolates showed far milder cytotoxicity effects than a CPB-producing positive control, although cpb2-positive isolates were slightly but significantly more cytotoxic than negative isolates. Based on this studied population, we were unable to confirm our hypothesis that CPE and CPB2-producing C. perfringens are common in horses with colitis in Ontario and we failed to identify cytotoxic activity in vitro in the type A isolates recovered.
Vegetative compatibility between and within Epichloë species (1997)

Epichloë species (Clavicipitaceae, Ascomycota) are biotrophic symbionts of cool-season grasses and grow slowly on defined media. Nine Epichloë biological species (mating populations) have been identified. Vegetative compatibility within or between Epichloë species has not yet been investigated. We selected chlorate-resistant strains that were nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants from ten isolates representing four biological species. Each mutant grew appressed on a defined medium with nitrate as the sole nitrogen source, in contrast to the abundant aerial mycelia produced by the prototrophic wild type isolates on the same medium. Each mutant was putatively identified as nitl (nitrate reductase structural gene mutant), nit3 (mutant in the pathway-specific regulatory locus or nitrite reductase gene), or NitM (mutant affecting molybdenum cofactor production) by growth phenotypes on medium with nitrite, hypoxanthine, uric acid or ammonium as the sole nitrogen source. When appropriate nit mutants were paired, heterokaryon formation and complementation were indicated by a zone of prototrophic growth. Complementation occurred between complementary mutants of most isolates, even from different species; however, complementation did not occur in all replications. Interspecific heterokaryon formation was confirmed by recovery of parental phenotypes and cosegregation of β-tubulin gene polymorphisms among single-conidiospore isolates from the complementation zone. There was no indication that mating type interactions affected heterokaryon formation, and no discrete vegetative compatibility groups were identified.
Repair of Fractured or Thin Tissue Microarray Paraffin Blocks (2005)

Tissue microarrays (TMAs) are a valuable resource that have been used for molecular profiling and biomarker development. The high throughput and cost savings make TMAs well suited for the rapid screening of large patient populations and for use in multitissue studies. Construction and casting is time consuming and the most important step in the use of a TMA. Occasionally, improper casting of a TMA leads to failure of the block. Similarly, repeated sectioning can cause the block to become too thin to collect additional sections. Considering the increased use of TMA and their occasional failure, we developed a method to repair fractured blocks or blocks worn thin from repeated sectioning. (The J Histotechnol 28:245, 2005)Submitted August 25, 2005; accepted with revisions September 28, 2005
Noninvasive Strategies for Breast Cancer Early Detection (2016)

Breast cancer screening and presurgical diagnosis are currently based on mammography, ultrasound and more sensitive imaging technologies; however, noninvasive biomarkers represent both a challenge and an opportunity for early detection of cancer. An extensive number of potential breast cancer biomarkers have been discovered by microarray hybridization or sequencing of circulating DNA, noncoding RNA and blood cell RNA; multiplex analysis of immune-related molecules and mass spectrometry-based approaches for high-throughput detection of protein, endogenous peptides, circulating and volatile metabolites. However, their medical relevance and their translation to clinics remain to be exploited. Once they will be fully validated, cancer biomarkers, used in combination with the current and emerging imaging technologies, represent an avenue to a personalized breast cancer diagnosis.
Long-Term Follow-up of Gastric Precancerous Lesions in a Low GC Incidence Area (2020)

This study shows that the patients with antrum-limited IM, especially of incomplete type, are at the highest risk of developing gastric cancer. In most patients, however, the lesions remain stable, which highlights the need for additional markers to better target the patients at risk of progression.
NeuroBEM: Hybrid Aerodynamic Quadrotor Model (2021)

Long-exposure images depicting quadrotor trajectory tracking at speeds up to 65 km/h in a large-scale motion-capture system. The captured data is used to fit a hybrid quadrotor model combining blade-element-momentum (BEM) theory with a neural network compensating residual dynamics. This hybrid model reproduces the flown trajectories in simulation with a positional RMSE error reduction of over 50% compared to state-of-the-art.
Effect of Dietary Rumen-Protected Choline in Lactating Dairy Cows (1991)

Two experiments were conducted to test the effects of graded amounts of rumen-protected choline on milk yield and composition in lactating dairy cows fed 40% corn silage and 60% concentrate diets (DM basis). In Experiment 1, 48 Holstein cows were fed 0, .078, .156, and .234% rumen-protected choline (choline chloride basis) from wk 5 to 21 postpartum. Increasing choline had no effect on DMI and tended to increase milk yield only from 1 to 2.2 kg/d. Milk fat percentage was reduced in the .078% choline treatment and increased to control levels thereafter with .156 and .234% choline. In Experiment 2, 16 Holstein cows in midlactation were assigned randomly to either 13.0 or 16.5% dietary CP (DM basis). Within CP concentration, cows were fed 0, .08, .16, and .24% rumen-protected choline in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design. Dietary protein had no effect on milk yield, although milk protein percentage and yield were increased .25 percentage units and 63 g/d, respectively, by increased dietary CP. Increasing dietary choline to .24% linearly increased milk yield 2.6 kg/d, although it had no consistent effects on milk fat or protein percentage. There was only a slight tendency for greater responses in milk yield to dietary choline with lower dietary CP. Data from these experiments confirm earlier results with postruminal choline infusions, suggesting that choline may be a limiting nutrient for milk production.
Adhesive Tape Analysis: Establishing the Evidential Value of Specific Techniques (2001)

This study investigated the evidential value of specific methods of analysis for packaging tapes and clear adhesive tapes available in Australia. Fifty-eight adhesive tapes were analyzed using a wide range of optical, physical, and chemical techniques. The results were collated for the purpose of creating an Australian database of adhesive tapes, which would be of assistance in criminal investigation. Each technique was evaluated for its discriminating power, both for comparative purposes and for the identification of adhesive tapes by comparing unknown samples with the database. The combined discriminating power of the techniques applied is very high. It is possible to individually identify the source of an unknown adhesive tape sample in many instances by searching the database. It is also possible to form an opinion on the significance of a failure-to-discriminate result in comparative casework. Further work is still needed to expand and update the database, as well as compiling data on the relative market share of various products.
Munc13-4*rab27 complex tethers secretory lysosomes at the plasma membrane (2012)

International audience
Evolution of airway microbiology in the infant with cystic fibrosis: role of nonpseudomonal and pseudomonal pathogens. (1992)

Bacterial colonization of the airways of the infant with cystic fibrosis is usually established early in life, and, once established, is difficult to eradicate and is associated with progressive lung disease. Thus, understanding of early airway microbiology is critical to the development of appropriate early interventions such as prophylactic antibiotics, immunotherapy, and, potentially, gene therapy. The barriers to the study of infant airway microbiology are discussed, and the properties of infant lung anatomy, physiology, and immunity, which predispose the young patient to serious infection, are reviewed. We examine the natural history of lung infection in young patients, reviewing the roles of each of the main bacterial pathogens. Recent research on risk factors for early Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization, including the potential role of respiratory viral infections, is discussed. We conclude with a discussion of the role of prophylactic antibiotic therapy.
Detecting Highly Confident Word Translations from Comparable Corpora without Any Prior Knowledge (2012)

In this paper, we extend the work on using latent cross-language topic models for identifying word translations across comparable corpora. We present a novel precision oriented algorithm that relies on per-topic word distributions obtained by the bilingual LDA (BiLDA) latent topic model. The algorithm aims at harvesting only the most probable word translations across languages in a greedy fashion, without any prior knowledge about the language pair, relying on a symmetrization process and the one-to-one constraint. We report our results for Italian-English and Dutch-English language pairs that outperform the current state-of-the-art results by a significant margin. In addition, we show how to use the algorithm for the construction of high-quality initial seed lexicons of translations.
ROBITOM- ROBOT FOR BIOPSY AND THERAPY OF THE MAMMA (2002)

MR-Mammography reaches a high sensitivity in detecting breast carcinomas of 3 mm in size at least. In cooperation with the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology of the Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, a manipulator has been developed by the IMB, which combines the advantages of MRM imaging with a minimal invasive biopsy and a possible subsequent therapy. Referring to this ROBITOM I was introduced in November 1999 as worldwide first, precise operating manipulator system in the ISO center of a closed MR, at RSNA in Chicago. Clinical trials started at 22. November 2000. The experiences and results of these tests were brought into the following prototype ROBITOM II, that is currently developed at the IMB. The completion of this Prototype is planned at the end of 2002.
Experimental Characterization of Liposomes Stabilized by Polyelectrolytes and Mechanism of Interaction Involved (2012)

Abstract This article describes the results obtained on stabilization of lipid vesicles with polyelectrolytes. It is shown that the adsorption of chitosan and hyaluronan at different molecular weights stabilizes the vesicles against pH, osmotic, and salt shocks. The amount of adsorbed polymer depends on the molecular weight for hyaluronan but not for chitosan, allowing the conclusion that chitosan adsorbs flat on the surface while hyaluronan forms loops and trains. The maximum amount of polymer adsorbed on the external membrane surface of vesicles corresponds to a low degree of coverage and is interpreted within the frame of a "patch-like" model. Whatever the conditions, all the interactions are concluded to be mainly of an electrostatic nature. Keywords: ChitosanHyaluronanPolymer adsorptionStabilization of interfacial filmZwitterionic lipid Acknowledgments This contribution was presented as a main lecture at the International Symposium on Polymer Analysis and Characterization held in 2011 in Torino, Italy.
Examination of near-wall hemodynamic parameters in the renal bridging stent of various stent graft configurations for repairing visceral branched aortic aneurysms (2015)

Abrupt 90° and 180° changes in stent geometry (particularly in the side branches) cause a high momentum change and thus increased flow separation and mixing, which has significant implications in blood flow characteristics near the wall. By comparison, longer bridging stents provide more gradual changes in momentum, thus allowing blood flow to develop before reaching the target vessel.
Denoising Textual Images Using Local/Non-local Smoothing Filters: A Comparative Study (2012)

Textual document image denoising is the main issue of this work. Therefore, we introduce a comparative study between two state-of-the-art denoising frameworks : local and non-local smoothing filters. The choice of both of these frameworks is directly related to their ability to deal with local data corruption and to process oriented patterns, a major characteristic of textual documents. Local smoothing filters incorporate anisotropic diffusion approaches where as non-local filters introduce non-local means. Experiments conducted on synthetic and real degraded document images illustrate the behaviour of the studied frameworks on the visual quality and even on the optical recognition accuracy rates.