gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Influences T-Cell Activation and Survival: Implications For Cancer Immunotherapy (2013)

Abstract The role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) as epigenetic regulators of immune function is becoming increasingly clear. Recently, the role of specific HDACs in orchestrating T-cell maturation, survival and function has begun to emerge, giving rationale to selective therapy to direct immune responses in different disease settings, including cancer. In particular, HDAC6 has recently been characterized as a negative regulator of regulatory T-cell suppressive activity (de Zoeten, Molecular and Cellular Biology, 2011). Here we report an expanded, novel role of HDAC6 in regulating T-cell survival and activation. First, the relative expression of the eleven classic HDACs was evaluated in resting and activated T-cells from mouse and human samples. It was found that the majority of HDACs decrease in expression following activation, including HDAC6. Next, in a HDAC6KO mouse model, it was found that T-cells lacking HDAC6 had skewed survival when compared to wild-type murine T-cells. This difference seems to be the result of an increased CD4+ T-cells population in the lymph nodes, with a concomitant decrease in viable CD8+ T-cells. To determine whether this population skewing was the consequence of defects in HDAC6KO mice T-cell development, wild-type murine T-cells were treated with an isotype-selective HDAC6 inhibitor. The results seen in HDAC6KO T-cells were recapitulated when wild-type T-cells were activated and treated with HDAC6 specific inhibitors, indicating a role of HDAC6 outside of thymic development in promoting CD4+ T-cell survival at the expense of CD8+ T-cells. Interestingly, it was found that activated CD4+ T-cells displayed decreased expression of the apoptosis signaling receptor FAS after HDAC6 inhibition while no differences were observed in CD8+ T-cells under the same conditions. In addition to these results implicating HDAC6 in regulating T-cell survival, expression of surface markers was altered in both CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells, including enhanced expression of the activation molecule CD69 in stimulated T-cells treated with an isotype-selective HDAC6 inhibitor. Finally, in vivo studies in tumor-bearing HDAC6KO mice revealed a significantly delayed in tumor progression. Similar results were observed in lymphoma-bearing mice treated with HDAC6 specific inhibitors. Taken together, this data shows that HDACs are dynamic in expression with regards to T-cell activation state. More specifically, we have unveiled hereto-unexplored roles of HDAC6 in regulating T-cell survival and function, pointing at this specific HDAC as an appealing target to harness T-cell immunity in hematologic malignancies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Generalized Reordering Buffer Management (2014)

An instance of the generalized reordering buffer management problem consists of a service station that has k servers, each configured with a color, and a buffer of size b. The station needs to serve an online stream of colored items. Whenever an item arrives, it is stored in the buffer. At any point in time, a currently pending item can be served by switching a server to its color. The objective is to serve all items in a way that minimizes the number of servers color switches. This problem generalizes two well-studied online problems: the paging problem, which is the special case when b=1, and the reordering buffer problem, which is the special case when k=1. In this paper, we develop a randomized online algorithm that obtains a competitive ratio of O(sqrt(b).ln(k)). Note that this result beats the easy deterministic lower bound of k whenever b < k^(2-e). We complement our randomized approach by presenting a deterministic algorithm that attains a competitive ratio of O(min{k^2.ln(b),k.b}). We further demonstrate that if our deterministic algorithm can employ k/(1-d) servers where d is in (0,1), then it achieves a competitive ratio of O(min{ln(b/d^2),b/d}) against an optimal offline adversary that employs k servers.
Selective Oxidation of Unprotected Carbohydrates to Aldehyde Analogues by Using TEMPO Salts (2007)

Abstract The primary alcohol function of essentially unprotected carbohydrates (methyl‐α‐ D ‐mannopyranoside, methyl‐α‐ D ‐glucopyranoside and methyl‐α‐ D ‐galactopyranoside) was selectively converted into the corresponding aldehyde in the form of acetals by using TEMPO + BF 4 – (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxoammonium tetrafluoroborate) in organic medium with 2,6‐lutidine as the base. Indeed, organic anhydrous conditions prevent over oxidation of the alcohol group to the carboxylate form. The resulting compounds, methyl‐α‐ D ‐ gluco hexodialdo‐1,5‐pyranoside and methyl‐α‐ D ‐ mano hexodialdo‐1,5‐pyranoside were characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry. Additionally, the results obtained in a TEMPO electrochemically mediated system were compared with those of the pure TEMPO + BF 4 – system, but lower yields were attained under the electrochemical conditions as a result of a very slow reaction rate. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Noninvasive Imaging and Frequency Analysis for Carotid Artery Diagnosis and Surgical Decisions (1990)

An analysis of 212 carotid arteries studied by Doppler imaging, B-mode imaging, and spectral analysis reveals poor correlation though similarity of data base by chi-square and gamma is strong. The differences between arteriogra phy and the noninvasive techniques appear mainly in the categories of normal and &gt; 50% stenosis. Arteriography classifies more patients as normal and non invasives classify more patients as &gt; 50% by a ratio of 2:1. Noninvasive studies can be used to verify the findings using multiple techniques without risk and correlate best with operative findings. Evidence indicates that multimodality noninvasive studies are a reliable way of diagnosing carotid bifurcation disease and may be used in place of arteriography.
Homogeneous Two-Component Polycondensation without Strict Stoichiometric Balance via the Tsuji−Trost Reaction:  Remote Control of Two Reaction Sites by Catalysis (2004)

Carothers and Flory established the fundamental principles of homogeneous two-component polycondensation reactions by which a variety of commonly used polymers such as polyesters and polyamides (nylons) are synthesized even now. One of the most critical factors to achieve a high degree of polymerization is a strict adherence of stoichiometric balance of the two components. An imbalanced ratio of the two starting materials leads to lower degree of polymerization and, consequently, polymers of poor quality. Here we report the details of a strategy, validated by appropriate experiments, which enables an efficient homogeneous two-component polycondensation via palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution (the Tsuji-Trost) reaction without strict stoichiometric balance.
Influence of lipoteichoic acid structure on recognition by the macrophage scavenger receptor (1996)

Lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) belong to the immunostimulatory class of molecules of gram-positive bacteria (GPB). Previous investigations showed that the macrophage scavenger receptor (SR), a glycosylated trimeric transmembrane protein, binds directly to many GPB, possibly via LTA. SR binding to other ligands is dependent upon the spatial characteristics of the repeating negative charge of the ligand. We therefore investigated SR recognition of LTA species with various charge densities and distributions by determining the capacity of these LTAs to compete with the binding of metabolically labeled SR to beads coated with the known SR ligand polyguanylic acid. Staphylococcus aureus LTA, a classical LTA type (unbranched 1,3-linked polyglycerophosphate chain covalently bound to a membrane diacylglyceroglycolipid), had a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for inhibition of SR binding of 0.84 microg/ml. When the S. aureus LTA was rendered more negatively charged by removal of ester-linked alanine from the polyglycerophosphate backbone, the IC50 dropped to 0.23 microg/ml. Other polyglycerophosphate LTAs from Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus hirae, Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria welshimeri, and Streptococcus sanguis showed IC50S of 0.5 to 2.1 microg/ml, supporting the role of negative charge in binding to SR. Accordingly, the zwitterionic LTA of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Clostridium innocuum LTA substituted with positively charged sugar residues had no binding capacity. Monoglycerophosphate branches, but not succinyl ester, affected binding of lipoglycans. The data presented above parallel the previous findings for whole organisms and support the role of surface-associated LTA as a major ligand of GPB for binding to SR. Whether binding of LTA and whole GPB to macrophages initiates uptake and degradation or results in signal transduction remains to be determined.
Acquired Resilience: An Evolved System of Tissue Protection in Mammals (2018)

This review brings together observations on the stress-induced regulation of resilience mechanisms in body tissues. It is argued that the stresses that induce tissue resilience in mammals arise from everyday sources: sunlight, food, lack of food, hypoxia and physical stresses. At low levels, these stresses induce an organised protective response in probably all tissues; and, at some higher level, cause tissue destruction. This pattern of response to stress is well known to toxicologists, who have termed it hormesis. The phenotypes of resilience are diverse and reports of stress-induced resilience are to be found in journals of neuroscience, sports medicine, cancer, healthy ageing, dementia, parkinsonism, ophthalmology and more. This diversity makes the proposing of a general concept of induced resilience a significant task, which this review attempts. We suggest that a system of stress-induced tissue resilience has evolved to enhance the survival of animals. By analogy with acquired immunity, we term this system 'acquired resilience'. Evidence is reviewed that acquired resilience, like acquired immunity, fades with age. This fading is, we suggest, a major component of ageing. Understanding of acquired resilience may, we argue, open pathways for the maintenance of good health in the later decades of human life.
Weak correlation between the aberration dynamics of the human eye and the cardiopulmonary system (2005)

It is fairly well established that the higher-order aberrations of the eye fluctuate over relatively short time periods, but as yet there is no conclusive evidence regarding the origin of these fluctuations. We measured the aberrations and the pulse pressure wave simultaneously for five subjects. The aberrations were measured by using a Shack-Hartmann sensor sampling at 21.2 Hz. We decomposed the aberration data into Zernike coefficients up to and including fifth order and also calculated the rms wave-front error. From the pulse data the heart rate variability signal was also derived. Coherence function analysis showed that for all subjects there was a weak correlation between many of the aberrations and the pulse and the derived heart rate variability. The pulse and the heart rate variability can account for only 11% +/- 2% and 20% +/- 2%, respectively, of the aberration dynamics.
Complex Formation Studies with Cupric Ion-Selective Membrane Electrodes (1967)

Abstract A cupric ion-selective electrode of the liquid-liquid membrane type is shown to respond selectively to Cu++ activity over the range of pCu++ = 2–5 in aqueous solutions of pH 3.5–6.5. Cupric ion activity measurements in the presence of complexing ligands have yielded a reliable estimate of formation constants for a number of soluble copper complexes.
Endotoxemia in neonatal calves given antiserum to a mutant Escherichia coli (J-5) (1986)

Endotoxemia was characterized in neonatal calves given a small amount of colostrum and smooth Escherichia coli endotoxin by small-dosage (0.5 microgram/kg of body weight), slow (5-hour) IV infusion to mimic natural conditions. Responses were compared among 22 calves freely allotted to groups treated with saline solution (group I), preimmunization plasma (PP, group II), or antiserum to the rough mutant of E coli O111:B4 (J-5, group III) before endotoxin was infused. Bovine J-5 antiserum was produced by immunization of 4 cattle with J-5 boiled cell bacterin. The antiserum titers of immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG1, and IgG2 to the J-5 boiled cells, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were 240, 7,680, and 960, respectively. The PP had enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers to J-5 of 240, 480, and 60 of IgM, IgG1, and IgG2, respectively. Endotoxemia in the 3 groups was characterized by significant (P less than 0.05) time-related changes in rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, capillary refill time, oral mucous membranes, nose moistness, scleral injection, attitude, PCV, total plasma protein concentration, WBC count and differential, plasma glucose, and lactate concentrations. The only significant treatment effects on clinical or laboratory values were higher mean total plasma protein concentrations in groups II and III 10 to 30 hours after endotoxin infusion was started than that in group I and increasing mean most-severe attitude abnormality score in groups I, III, and II (P less than 0.05). The administration of bovine J-5 antiserum to neonatal calves resulted in significantly higher serum IgG1 and IgG2 titers to J-5 boiled cells (P less than 0.05), and cross-reactive IgG2 to the challenge endotoxin (P less than 0.01) than did treatment with PP or saline solution; however, this antiserum did not mitigate the effects of sublethal endotoxemia. There was a significant negative correlation between IgG2 to J-5 at base line and the mean attitude abnormality score at 4.5 hours after infusion was started (P less than 0.05).
Sensitive and Rapid Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Anticancer Drugs (2002)

Sensitive, rapid, and simple spectrophotometric methods were developed for determination of the anticancer drugs vinblastine sulfate (VBS) and vincristine sulfate (VCS), which belong to the class of vinca alkaloids. The first method is based on the reaction of VBS and VCS with diazotized dapsone, forming yellow azo products with absorption maxima at 430 nm. The colored species obey Beer's law in the concentration range of 0.5-24 microg/mL for VBS and 0.5-12 microg/mL for VCS. The second method describes the reaction of VBS and VCS with iron(III) and subsequent reaction with ferricyanide in hydrochloric acid medium to yield blue products with absorption maxima at 750 nm. The Beer's law range for this method is 0.1-4 microg/mL for VBS and 0.5-10 microg/mL for VCS. With both methods, colored species were stable for 1 h. The methods are simple and reproducible and are applied for determination of VBS and VCS in pharmaceutical formulations. Commonly encountered pharmaceuticals added as excipients do not interfere in the analysis and the results obtained in the analysis of dosage forms agree well with the labeled contents.
Delay Testing: Improving Test Quality and Avoiding Over-testing (2011)

Delay testing is one of key processes in production test to ensure high quality and high reliability for logic circuits. Test escape missing defective chips can be reduced by introducing delay testing. On the other hand, we need to concern yield loss caused by delay testing, i.e., over-testing. Many methods and techniques have been developed to solve problems on delay testing. In this paper, we introduce fundamental techniques of delay testing and survey recent problems and solutions. Especially we focus on techniques to enhance test quality, to avoid over-testing, and to make test design efficient by treating circuits described at register transfer level.
Evolutionary patterns in auxin action. (2002)

This review represents the first effort ever to survey the entire literature on auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) action in all plants, with special emphasis on the green plant lineage, including charophytes (the green alga group closest to the land plants), bryophytes (the most basal land plants), pteridophytes (vascular non-seed plants), and seed plants. What emerges from this survey is the surprising perspective that the physiological mechanisms for regulating IAA levels and many IAA-mediated responses found in seed plants are also present in charophytes and bryophytes, at least in nascent forms. For example, the available evidence suggests that the apical regions of both charophytes and liverworts synthesize IAA via a tryptophan-independent pathway, with IAA levels being regulated via the balance between the rates of IAA biosynthesis and IAA degradation. The apical regions of all the other land plants utilize the same class of biosynthetic pathway, but they have the potential to utilize IAA conjugation and conjugate hydrolysis reactions to achieve more precise spatial and temporal control of IAA levels. The thallus tips of charophytes exhibit saturable IAA influx and efflux carriers, which are apparently not sensitive to polar IAA transport inhibitors. By contrast, two divisions of bryophyte gametophytes and moss sporophytes are reported to carry out polar IAA transport, but these groups exhibit differing sensitivities to those inhibitors. Although the IAA regulation of charophyte development has received almost no research attention, the bryophytes manifest a wide range of developmental responses, including tropisms, apical dominance, and rhizoid initiation, which are subject to IAA regulation that resembles the hormonal control over corresponding responses in seed plants. In pteridophytes, IAA regulates root initiation and vascular tissue differentiation in a manner also very similar to its effects on those processes in seed plants. Thus, it is concluded that the seed plants did not evolve de novo mechanisms for mediating IAA responses, but have rather modified pre-existing mechanisms already operating in the early land plants. Finally, this paper discusses the encouraging prospects for investigating the molecular evolution of auxin action.
Is it time to move towards non‐invasive prenatal screening for Down syndrome and screening for pre‐eclampsia? (2018)

Trainee Scientific Editor, Rui Wang, discusses his top articles from this issue in an audio podcast available at: https://soundcloud.com/bjog/march-editors-choice-2018
Eigenvalues of 4, 8, and 16 coupled anharmonic oscillators (1983)

We present graphs of 48-96 eigenvalues of 4, 8, and 16 anharmonic-oscillator approximations to $g:{{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}:}_{2}$ field theories for $g&gt;~0$. The graphs show how the energy levels develop critical behavior as the number of oscillators increases. The graphs also illustrate how the large-$g$ behaviors of the spectrum for Dirichlet and periodic boundary conditions differ.
Comparison of Microarray and Quantitative Real-Time PCR Methods for Measuring MicroRNA Levels in MSC Cultures (2011)

The capacity for self-renewal and the multilineage potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) offer a therapeutic promise for regenerative medicine. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play a key regulatory role during differentiation both at the level of posttranslational modulation and epigenetic control. Studies on MSCs have just begun to identify miRNA profiles in MSC and differentiated MSC. While several methods are available for miRNA exploration, microarrays and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) are the most common. Since there are several microarray and qPCR platforms available for miRNA detection, it is valuable to explore how these methods compare. We used the NCode Multi-Species miRNA microarray (Invitrogen) and the TaqMan Human microRNA array (Applied Biosystems) to compare microRNA expression in undifferentiated MSCs and MSCs differentiated into early osteoblasts. We show that while there is a somewhat low correlation between these two methods, there is a subset of miRNA measurements that did correlate.
MODELS AND MEASUREMENTS OF Hgl-xCdxTe HETEROJUNCTION TRANSISTORS (1990)

Heterojunction Hg1.,CdxTe (HCT) diodes fabricated by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) are a key to ultrahigh performance Infrared Focal Planes [ll. The authors present for the first time the results of measurements of both heterojunction FETs and bipolar transistors fabricated using LPE. These offer benefits for low noise amplification. Breakthroughs in 11-VI Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) now enable excellent control of layer width and doping. Simulations utilizing a program developed for IIVI heterojunction devices show that MBE-based HCT he terojun c ti on bi p ol ar transistors ( HBTs) can be competitive with state-of-the-art silicon and 111-V HBTs at low temperatures.
The Anammox process for nitrogen removal from waste water. The fruitful collaboration between microbiologists and process engineers (2003)

As a country bordering the Rhine, Switzerland shares in the responsibility to reduce nitrogen export to the North Sea. In wastewater treatment plants, this is currently accomplished through a costly expansion of the main activated sludge system. During the 1990s, however, there were several reports of nitrogen being eliminated rather unexpectedly under certain operating conditions. It was found that this is due to a recently discovered group of bacteria, which were also found in Swiss wastewater treatment plants. Based on this discovery, process engineers have developed a new process that reliably removes nitrogen.
Conformational Compliance of Spectrins in Membrane Deformation, Morphogenesis, and Signalling (2003)

The spectrin-based membrane skeleton (SBMS) is a remarkably diverse and multifunctional molecular scaffold. This structure was first identified as the primary cytoskeletal element in the erythrocyte, where it is responsible for maintaining cell shape and plasma membrane integrity (Mohandas and Evans, 1994; Tse and Lux, 1999). Now recognized as a ubiquitous structure in metazoan cells, the actual and postulated processes in which the SBMS participates additionally include the generation of specialised membrane domains; polarization of specific proteins in cells; protein sorting; vesicle transport; endocytosis; morphogenesis; and even yet to be characterized nuclear function(s) (De Matteis and Morrow, 2000; Bennett and Baines, 2001; Thomas, 2001; Tse et al., 2001).
Iris Discrimination Combined with the Shape and Orientation Recognition (2007)

We previously proposed a iris recognition system by a rotation spreading neural network (R-SAN net). The R-SAN net is suitable for orientation recognition of a concentric circular pattern such as iris image. The recognition characteristics of the R-SAN net for both learned and unlearned iris images were investigated. The RS-SAN net had fairly good orientation recognition characteristics only for learned irises, but not for unlearned irises. The recognized orientation for unlearned irises were heavily dispersed from the orientation of input iris although the orientation for learned irises were concentrated around learned orientation. By using the unique characteristics of orientation recognition, new recognition method with the imposter extraction using recognized orientation was developed. The experimental result of new recognition method indicated the false acceptance rate drastically decreased. The equal error rates obtained by the previous and proposed methods were 2.02% and 0.79%, respectively. The imposter rejection method using recognized orientation provided the effective improvement of iris recognition performance.
Phase I Clinical Trial to Determine the Feasibility and Maximum Tolerated Dose of Panitumumab to Standard Gemcitabine-Based Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (2015)

The addition of panitumumab to gemcitabine-based chemoradiotherapy in LAPC has manageable toxicity and potential clinical efficacy.