gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION WITH P/F RATIOS DURING ARDS IN AN OVINE MODEL TREATED WITH EXTRACORPOREAL ARTERIOVENOUS CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL (AVCO2R) (2000)

AVCO2R allows reductions in peak airway pressure, ventilator dependent days, and improves survival in our ovine smoke/burn injury (LD40) model of ARDS. The inflection point of physiologic improvement (PaO2/FiO2 >200) occurs at 48 hours of AVCO2R treatment, 96 hours post-injury. In this study, we correlated the histopathology with P/F ratio improvements during treatment with AVCO2R. Adult Suffolk ewes (n=10) received a cotton smoke insufflation (36 breaths) and 40% TBSA III° cutaneous flame burn injury followed by volume-controlled mechanical ventilation. At 40–48 hours post-injury, sheep underwent cannulation of the carotid artery (10–12F) and jugular vein (14F) and were connected to a low-resistance membrane gas exchanger (AVCO2R). Sheep were euthanized 96 hours post-injury (48 hours AVCO2R) and lung samples (2–3/animal) were fixed with 10% formalin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and MOVAT. Pathological findings were graded as absent = 0, minimal = 1, mild = 2, moderate = 3, or severe = 4. We compared lung weights, expressed as a wet:dry ratio, in sheep with no injury (n=4) and to those with smoke/burn injury treated with AVCO2R. Pulmonary histology after 48 hours of AVCO2R revealed changes consistent with acute ARDS including mild edema (2.06 ± 1.43), interstitial inflammation (1.39± 1.14), atelectasis (1.6 ± .98), minimal hyaline membrane formation, alveolar type II proliferation, and alveolar hemorrhage. No thrombi or fibrosis was observed. Wet:dry ratios showed no significant difference in lung weights between normal and AVCO2R. AVCO2R improves survival from smoke/burn induced ARDS without correllative changes in lung histology. However, normalized wet:dry ratios suggest that AVCO2R reduces fluid transudation to improve gas exchange and outcomes.
The impact of pH control on the volumetric productivity of mixed culture PHA production from fermented molasses (2013)

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production via mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) can potentially decrease process operational costs as compared to conventional pure culture techniques. However, the volumetric productivity of PHA by MMCs must be augmented to increase its cost competitiveness. For this purpose, a three‐stage bioreactor system was operated in this study, with (i) anaerobic fermentation of molasses, (ii) culture selection, and (iii) PHA accumulation and harvesting stages. In stage 2, bioreactor operation with pH control at 8 led to twice the biomass concentration (up to 8 g VSS L −1 , where VSS is the volatile suspended solids) as compared to operation without pH control (maximum pH 9). No loss in the specific PHA storage efficiency was observed (PHA content up to 57.5% and PHA storage rate up to 0.27 Cmol PHA Cmol X −1 h −1 , where X is the active biomass), thereby resulting in twice the volumetric PHA production rate. The limited biomass growth at the higher pH level was not due to nutrient limitation, but likely to a shift in the microbial community. It is hypothesized that the increased enrichment of Azoarcus at pH 8 led to higher PHA productivity. pH control in the culture selection stage can lead to enhanced PHA production from MMCs, improving the viability of the process.
In vitro Biomechanical Analysis of Proximal Phalangeal Osteotomy Fixation (2021)

<b>Background</b> Corrective osteotomies of the proximal phalanx are typically stabilized with plate and screws. Although intramedullary headless screws form an alternative fixation method in the treatment of acute phalangeal fractures, reports about fixation of opening wedge corrective osteotomies with these implants are lacking. <b>Objective</b> The goal of the present study was to biomechanically compare the failure force of both fixation methods for this specific indication. <b>Methods</b> Twenty-four cadaver phalanges were equally distributed between apex volar and apex lateral opening wedge osteotomy groups. In each group, half of the osteotomies were fixed with a 1.3-mm dorsal locking plate, the other half with a 2.4-mm intramedullary headless screw. A three-point bending test was performed. <b>Results</b> The mean maximal failure force after apex lateral osteotomy was 178.4 N for the plate-screw construct and 144.0 N after intramedullary headless screw fixation. After apex volar osteotomy, mean maximal force was 237.6 N in the plate-screw group and 160.9 N in the intramedullary headless screw group. Mean stiffness after apex lateral osteotomy was 63.3 N/mm in the plate-screw group, and 55.9 N/mm in the intramedullary headless screw group. Mean stiffness after apex volar osteotomy was 197.5 N/mm and 60.0 N/mm for the plate-screw and intramedullary headless screw group, respectively. <b>Conclusion</b> For apex volar osteotomies, dorsally applied angular stable plate and screws provide significantly stronger fixation than intramedullary headless screws. For apex lateral osteotomies, fixation force is comparable. <b>Clinical relevance</b> These data are useful when considering fixation of opening wedge osteotomies with intramedullary screws.
Diverticular rectal duplication with heterotopic gastric mucosa in a child: A rare cause of rectal bleeding (2000)

This report describes a rare case of rectal bleeding and proctalgia in a child due to diverticular duplication of rectum associated with heterotopic gastric mucosa.
Anonymous Signature Schemes. (2005)

Digital signature is one of the most important primitives in public key cryptography. It provides authenticity, integrity and nonrepudiation to many kinds of applications. On signer privacy however, it is generally unclear or suspicious of whether a signature scheme itself can guarantee the anonymity of the signer. In this paper, we give some affirmative answers to it. We formally define the signer anonymity for digital signature and propose some schemes of this type. We show that a signer anonymous signature scheme can be very useful by proposing a new anonymous key exchange protocol which allows a client Alice to establish a session key with a server Bob securely while keeping her identity secret from eavesdroppers. In the protocol, the anonymity of Alice is already maintained when Alice sends her signature to Bob in clear, and no additional encapsulation or mechanism is needed for the signature. We also
Establishment of a Continuous Sonocrystallization Process for Lactose in an Oscillatory Baffled Crystallizer (2015)

Crystallization at production scale (>10 kg) is typically a poorly understood unit operation with limited application of first-principles understanding of crystallization to routine design, optimization, and control. In this study, a systematic approach has been established to transfer an existing batch process enabling the implementation of a continuous process in an oscillatory baffled crystallizer (OBC) using ultrasound. Process analytical technology (PAT) was used to understand and monitor the process. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters have been investigated for lactose sonocrystallization using focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) (Mettler Toledo) and mid-infrared spectroscopy (mid-IR) (ABB) in a multiorifice batch oscillatory baffled crystallizer (Batch-OBC). This platform provides an ideal mimic of the mixing, hydrodynamics and operating conditions of the continuous oscillatory flow crystallizer (COBC) while requiring only limited material. Full characterization of the hydrodynamics of the COBC was carried out to identify conditions that deliver plug-flow behavior with residence times of 1–5 h. The results show that continuous crystallization offers significant advantages in terms of process outcomes and operability, including particle size distribution (mean particle size <1500 μm) of alpha lactose monohydrate (ALM), as well as reduced cycle time (4 h compared to the 13–20 h in a batch process). Continuous sonocrystallization was performed for the first time at a throughput of 356 g·h–1 for 12–16 h. During the run at near plug flow, with supersaturation and controlled nucleation using sonication, no issues with fouling or agglomeration were observed. This approach has demonstrated the capability to provide close control of particle attributes at an industrially relevant scale.
AGE-RELATED EFFECTS OF A COGNITIVE TASK ON FRONTAL PLANE STABILITY DURING NARROW-BASE WALKING. (2006)

Purpose/Hypothesis: Age-related changes in frontal plane stability during gait are associated with impaired balance and increased fall risk in older adults. Clinically, tandem and narrowbase walking are used to assess dynamic gait stability. Adding a cognitive task to narrow-base walking (i.e. dual tasking) may further challenge stability, allowing identification of early balance deficits not detected under single task conditions. The purpose of this study is to examine age-related effects of a cognitive task on frontal plane stability during narrow-base walking in a population of healthy older adults. Subjects: Thirty subjects categorized by age: <65, 65–74, and 75 years, with 10 subjects per group. Materials/Methods: We examined spatiotemporal and center of mass (COM) parameters during narrow-base walking with and without a cognitive task. Statistical analyses included repeated measures ANOVA's (3 age groups x 2 task conditions). Results: The percent of step errors (i.e. steps outside the narrow-base corridor) did not differ significantly between groups (p=0.29) and was not affected by the performance of a secondary task (p=0.80). On average, about 16% of the steps were outside the narrow-base corridor. Average stride velocity (p<0.001) and step length (p<0.001) decreased with age, while mediolateral COM peak velocity (p<0.001) and displacement (p<0.05) increased. Addition of a cognitive task decreased stride velocity (p<0.001) and step length (p<0.05) for all age groups, but did not affect COM characteristics. Conclusions: Age-related changes in both velocity and frontal plane stability are evident during narrow-base gait. The addition of a secondary task affected stride velocity and stride length but did not affect mediolateral COM control in this group of healthy older adults. Clinical Relevance: The use of a cognitive task during balance and gait activities can help to identify individuals with increased fall risk. Further research is needed to determine if changes in narrow-base walking with versus without a secondary task can be used to predict future falls in older adults. If so, narrow-base walking under single and dual task conditions may be useful in identifying older adults with preclinical instability.
Operational performance of an RBC unit in conjunction with a septic tank (1981)

A rotating biological contactor (RBC) unit in series with a septic tank for primary solids removal and sludge storage was monitored for 21 months. The results of that monitoring are summarized in this paper. The treatment configuration produced an effluent that met federal guidelines of 20 mg/L for BOD 5 , and 25 mg/L for suspended solids. When solids were allowed to accumulate in the septic tank beyond 12 months, there was a marked increase in loading of the RBC with a resultant decrease in effluent quality. A linear relationship could be shown between clarified effluent BOD 5 and applied BOD 5 . The data from this monitoring program suggest that surface area requirements of RBC units utilizing septic tanks for primary solids removal are three times those utilizing conventional primary treatment. When high levels of nitrate were in the unit, feed denitrification occurred concurrently with carbonaceous oxidation.
Immunophenotypic analysis of mast cells in mastocytosis: When and how to do it. Proposals of the Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) (2004)

These aberrant immunophenotypic features are of great relevance for the assessment of tissue involvement in mastocytosis with consequences in the diagnosis, classification, and follow-up of the disease and in its differential diagnosis with other entities. In this paper we provide the reader with information for the objective and reproducible identification of pathologic MCs by using quantitative multiparametric flow cytometry, information for their phenotypic characterization, and the criteria currently used for a correct interpretation of the immunophenotypic results obtained.
Quality of Surgical Outcomes Reporting in Plastic Surgery: A 15-Year Analysis of Complication Data (2018)

Inconsistency in reporting complications in the plastic surgery literature confounds the comparison of surgical outcomes. The use of standard guidelines to accurately, efficiently, and reproducibly report complication data is essential for quality assurance and improvement.
REDUCIBILITY OF NONAUTONOMOUS LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (2002)

A linear autonomous system of differential equations ẋ=Ax can be transformed to its Jordan normal form, that is, the transformed system is in block diagonal form and the blocks correspond to different eigenvalues. This result is generalized to arbitrary nonautonomous linear systems ẋ=A(t)x with a locally integrable matrix function A:R → RN×N.
CELL POPULATION KINETICS IN THE COLON OF THE MOUSE* (1962)

tween 0.5 and 40 hours and 10 were killed 1 week after inj ection. Specimens of ascending and sigmoid colon were removed, fixed in neutral formol-saline, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned at 5 ,u. Slides were dipped into NTB (Kodak) liquid emulsion, exposed for 2 to 4 weeks,
Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity in Styrene Polymerization by Heterocyclic Alkoxy‐ and Thiolatotitanium(IV) Complexes (2006)

Abstract The reaction of [Ti(O i Pr) 4 ] or [TiCl 4 (THF) 2 ] with two equivalents of pyridyl alcohols or pyridyl or pyrimidinyl thiols has proven to be a good preparative method to obtain a variety of non‐metallocene diisopropoxo‐ or dichlorotitanium( IV ) complexes. The complexes [Ti(X) 2 {2‐(OCH 2 )‐6‐R‐(C 5 H 3 N)} 2 ] were found to be dynamic at room temperature, with the heterocyclic alkoxy ligand dissociating and recoordinating in a κ 2 ‐N,O chelate fashion, as revealed by a single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of [Ti(O i Pr) 2 {2‐(OCH 2 )(C 5 H 4 N)} 2 ] ( 1 ). The dynamic behavior of some of the resulting thiolato complexes was also studied and the single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of [Ti(O i Pr) 2 {2‐S‐4,6‐Me 2 ‐(C 4 HN 2 )} 2 ] ( 5 ) revealed a κ 2 ‐N,S system for these complexes. These complexes show catalytic activity in the polymerization of styrene upon activation with methylaluminoxane. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Airflow Sensors in the Avian Wing (1993)

ABSTRACT Mechanoreceptors on or near feather follicles in the wings of birds may provide information about airflow over the wing. We studied discharge characteristics of rapidly and slowly adapting mechanoreceptors associated with propatagial covert feathers, slowly adapting receptors within the alular joint and vibration-sensitive receptors of filoplume follicles attached to the follicles of secondary flight feathers during manual feather movements and during airflow over the wing. Dorsal elevation of covert feathers produced an increase in discharge frequency related to the angle of elevation. Extension of the alula produced an increase in discharge frequency related to the angle of extension. Stimulation of receptors located on the distal half of the follicles of secondary flight feathers by airflow over the wing produced a continuous discharge whose frequency correlated with airflow velocity. There is thus abundant sensory input from the wing to the central nervous system. We conclude that birds have the necessary sensor-feather mechanisms in the wing (1) to detect an imminent stall and the location of the separation point of the airflow from the wing’s surface, and (2) to measure airspeed by detecting the frequency of vibration of the secondary flight feathers.
Regulation of the calpain and ubiquitin-proteasome systems in a canine model of muscular dystrophy (2020)

Previous studies have tested the hypothesis that calpain and/or proteasome inhibition is beneficial in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, based largely on evidence that calpain and proteasome activities are enhanced in the mdx mouse.
The Evolution of Human Cells in Terms of Protein Innovation (2014)

Humans are composed of hundreds of cell types. As the genomic DNA of each somatic cell is identical, cell type is determined by what is expressed and when. Until recently, little has been reported about the determinants of human cell identity, particularly from the joint perspective of gene evolution and expression. Here, we chart the evolutionary past of all documented human cell types via the collective histories of proteins, the principal product of gene expression. FANTOM5 data provide cell-type-specific digital expression of human protein-coding genes and the SUPERFAMILY resource is used to provide protein domain annotation. The evolutionary epoch in which each protein was created is inferred by comparison with domain annotation of all other completely sequenced genomes. Studying the distribution across epochs of genes expressed in each cell type reveals insights into human cellular evolution in terms of protein innovation. For each cell type, its history of protein innovation is charted based on the genes it expresses. Combining the histories of all cell types enables us to create a timeline of cell evolution. This timeline identifies the possibility that our common ancestor Coelomata (cavity-forming animals) provided the innovation required for the innate immune system, whereas cells which now form the brain of human have followed a trajectory of continually accumulating novel proteins since Opisthokonta (boundary of animals and fungi). We conclude that exaptation of existing domain architectures into new contexts is the dominant source of cell-type-specific domain architectures.
Staphylococcus aureusContains Two Low-Molecular-Mass Phosphotyrosine Protein Phosphatases (2002)

The analysis of the different amino acid sequences deduced from the complete genome sequence of the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus suggested the presence of two eukaryotic-protein-like low-molecular-mass phosphotyrosine protein phosphatases, which are usually found in gram-negative bacteria. To check this prediction, the corresponding genes were cloned and overexpressed in an Escherichia coli system. Two distinct proteins with an apparent molecular mass of 23 kDa each, PtpA and PtpB, were produced and then purified by affinity chromatography and assayed for enzymatic properties. As expected, they both exhibited phosphatase activity in vitro, with a maximum value at a pH of around 6.2 and at a temperature of 40 degrees C. In addition, their kinetic constants, their specificity for phosphotyrosine residues, and their sensitivity to two phosphatase inhibitors, N-ethylmaleimide and orthovanadate, matched those of acid low-molecular-mass phosphotyrosine protein phosphatases.
Synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography at the Advanced Light Source: Developments in high-temperature in-situ mechanical testing (2017)

At the Advanced Light Source (ALS), Beamline 8.3.2 performs hard X-ray micro-tomography under conditions of high temperature, pressure, mechanical loading, and other realistic conditions using environmental test cells. With scan times of 10s–100s of seconds, the microstructural evolution of materials can be directly observed over multiple time steps spanning prescribed changes in the sample environment. This capability enables in-situ quasi-static mechanical testing of materials. We present an overview of our in-situ mechanical testing capabilities and recent hardware developments that enable flexural testing at high temperature and in combination with acoustic emission analysis.
Randomized Placebo-Controlled EPPIC Trials of AST-120 in CKD (2014)

Reduced GFR in patients with CKD causes systemic accumulation of uremic toxins, which has been correlated with disease progression and increased morbidity. The orally administered spherical carbon adsorbent AST-120 reduces systemic toxin absorption through gastrointestinal sequestration, which may slow disease progression in these patients. The multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Evaluating Prevention of Progression in CKD (EPPIC)-1 and EPPIC-2 trials evaluated the effects of AST-120 on the progression of CKD when added to standard therapy. We randomly assigned 2035 adults with moderate to severe disease (serum creatinine at screening, 2.0-5.0 mg/dl for men and 1.5-5.0 mg/dl for women) to receive either placebo or AST-120 (9 g/d). The primary end point was a composite of dialysis initiation, kidney transplantation, and serum creatinine doubling. Each trial continued until accrual of 291 primary end points. The time to primary end point was similar between the AST-120 and the placebo groups in both trials (EPPIC-1: hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.84 to 1.27; P=0.78) (EPPIC-2: hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.12; P=0.37); a pooled analysis of both trials showed similar results. The estimated median time to primary end points for the placebo groups was 124 weeks for power calculations, but actual times were 189.0 and 170.3 weeks for EPPIC-1 and EPPIC-2, respectively. Thus, disease progression was more gradual than expected in the trial populations. In conclusion, the benefit of adding AST-120 to standard therapy in patients with moderate to severe CKD is not supported by these data.
Differentiation and Anaerobiosis in Standing Liquid Cultures of Streptomyces coelicolor (2003)

Streptomyces coelicolor differentiates on solid agar media by forming aerial hyphae that septate into spores. We here show that differentiation also occurs in standing liquid minimal media. After a period of submerged growth, hyphae migrate to the air interface, where they become fixed by a rigid reflecting film. Colonies that result from these hyphae form sporulating aerial hyphae. In addition, submerged hyphae in the liquid minimal medium may attach to the surface. Liquid standing cultures easily become anoxic only 1 to 2 mm below the surface. Yet, biomass increases, implying the existence of metabolic pathways supporting anaerobic growth.
Site Specific Conjugation of Fluoroprobes to the Remodeled Fc N-Glycans of Monoclonal Antibodies Using Mutant Glycosyltransferases: Application for Cell Surface Antigen Detection (2009)

The Fc N-glycan chains of four therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), namely, Avastin, Rituxan, Remicade, and Herceptin, released by PNGase F, show by MALDI analysis that these biantennary N-glycans are a mixture of G0, G1, and G2 glycoforms. The G0 glycoform has no galactose on the terminal GlcNAc residues, and the G1 and G2 glycoforms have one or two terminal galactose residues, respectively, while no N-glycan with terminal sialic acid residue is observed. We show here that under native conditions we can convert the N-glycans of these mAbs to a homogeneous population of G0 glycoform using beta1,4 galactosidase from Streptococcus pneumoniae. The G0 glycoforms of mAbs can be galactosylated with a modified galactose having a chemical handle at the C2 position, such as ketone or azide, using a mutant beta1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta1,4Gal-T1-Y289L). The addition of the modified galactose at a specific glycan residue of a mAb permits the coupling of a biomolecule that carries an orthogonal reactive group. The linking of a biotinylated or a fluorescent dye carrying derivatives selectively occurs with the modified galactose, C2-keto-Gal, at the heavy chain of these mAbs, without altering their antigen binding activities, as shown by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) methods. Our results demonstrate that the linking of cargo molecules to mAbs via glycans could prove to be an invaluable tool for potential drug targeting by immunotherapeutic methods.