gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Covered Stent Septal Ablation for Hypertrophic Obstruction Cardiomyopathy (2004)

Fifer et al 1 report a case of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in which a covered stent was implanted in the left anterior descending artery to occlude the first septal branch after an unsuccessful attempt to cannulate it.Recurrence of symptoms was associated with collateralization from the right coronary artery of the occluded septal branch.We think this case is of special interest to the interventional cardiologist because it can be analogized to treatment of the complex bifurcation lesion.First, it demonstrates that the myocardium supplied by an occluded side branch during intervention may be protected by a collateral. 2 Second, it raises the concern, especially with the use of GpIIb/IIIa inhibitor, that in the rare case of a side branch perforation after percutaneous coronary intervention in a patient in whom the bulky covered stent cannot be implanted in the side branch, covering the main branch may be ineffective in preventing tamponade, specifically because of the collateral, which in this scenario, is clearly not "protective." 3,4Finally, we have a serious concern about the use of a covered stent to treat hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.There is probably a 20% risk of stent site stenosis, which, in the setting of hypertrophy, might place the patient at high risk for severe and possibly life-threatening ischemia.As such, this type of therapy must be viewed with extreme caution unless scientific data validate this approach.
Light shifts in a pulsed cold-atom coherent-population-trapping clock (2015)

Field-grade atomic clocks capable of primary standard performance in compact physics packages would be of significant value in applications ranging from network synchronization to inertial navigation. A coherent-population-trapping clock featuring laser-cooled $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms and pulsed Ramsey interrogation is a strong candidate for this technology if the frequency biases can be minimized and controlled. Here we characterize the light shift in a cold-atom coherent-population-trapping clock, explaining observed shifts in terms of phase shifts that arise during the formation of dark-state coherences combined with optical-pumping effects caused by unwanted incoherent light in the interrogation spectrum. Measurements are compared with existing and new theoretical treatments, and a laser configuration is identified that would reduce clock frequency uncertainty from light shifts to a fractional frequency level of $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}/\ensuremath{\nu}=4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ per 100 kHz of laser frequency uncertainty.
A Boron Activating Effect Enables Cobalt-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Sterically Hindered Alkenes (2020)

Unsymmetric 1,1-diboryl alkenes bearing one -[BPin] (BPin = pinacolatoboryl) and one -[BDan] (BDan = 1,8-diaminonaphthalatoboryl) substituent each were hydrogenated in high yield and enantioselectivity using <i>C</i><sub>1</sub>-symmetric pyridine(diimine) (PDI) cobalt complexes. High activities and stereoselectivities were observed with an array of 2-alkyl-, 2-aryl-, and 2-boryl-substituted 1,1-diboryl alkenes, giving rise to enantioenriched diborylalkane building blocks. Systematic study of substrate substituent effects identified competing steric and electronic demands in the key activating role of the boron substituents, whereby sterically unencumbered boronates such as -[BDan], -[BCat] (BCat = catecholatoboryl), and -[Beg] (Beg = ethylene glycolatoboryl) promote the hydrogenation of trisubstituted alkenes by enabling irreversible α-boron-directed insertion pathways to achieve otherwise challenging hydrogenations of trisubstituted alkenes. Deuterium-labeling studies with 1,1-diboryl alkenes support an insertion pathway generating a chiral intermediate with two different boron substituents and cobalt bound to the same carbon.
Milk and Plasma Glucocorticoid Alterations After Injections of Hydrocortisone and Adrenocorticotropin (1977)

SummaryIntramuscular injections of hy-drocortisone (1600 mg) or ACTH (250 or 100 IU) elevated the concentration of glu-cocorticoids in plasma and milk. The concentration of glucocorticoids in plasma was highly correlated with the concentration in whole milk and skim milk, both before and after either hydrocortisone or ACTH injections. The similarity of glucocorticoid concentrations in whole milk and skim milk fractions suggests that glucocorticoids are not primarily associated with milk fat.
Enhancement of the Functional Repertoire of the Rat Parietal Peritoneal Mesothelium In Vivo : Directed Expression of the Anticoagulant and Antiinflammatory Molecule Thrombomodulin (1998)

We have used our previously described ex vivo mesothelial cell (MC)-mediated gene therapy strategy (Gene Ther. 2:393-401, 1995) to modify the functional properties of the rat parietal peritoneal mesothelium in vivo by expression of a membrane-bound recombinant protein on the MC surface. Rat primary MCs were stably transfected (using strontium phosphate DNA coprecipitation) with a plasmid containing the gene for rat thrombomodulin (TM), a transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as an essential cofactor for the physiological activation of the anticoagulant protein C by the enzyme thrombin. As demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and by direct equilibrium binding with radiolabeled thrombin, genetically modified MCs expressed high levels of TM antigen on their surface in vitro. As judged by a thrombin-dependent protein C activation assay, such MC membrane-bound TM was biologically active. Once reseeded on the denuded parietal peritoneal surface of syngeneic recipients, these TM-transfected MCs continued to express TM antigen in vivo for at least 90 days. Moreover, the recombinant TM expressed on the reconstituted parietal mesothelium retained its ability to activate protein C in a thrombin-dependent manner. Our data indicate that MC-mediated expression of TM can be used to augment the anticoagulant properties of the parietal peritoneal surface. In general, our results suggest that ex vivo MC-mediated gene therapy can be used to deliver other therapeutic transmembrane proteins to the MC surface to enhance the functional repertoire of the parietal mesothelium in vivo.
Search for Event Rate Modulation in XENON100 Electronic Recoil Data (2015)

We have searched for periodic variations of the electronic recoil event rate in the (2-6) keV energy range recorded between February 2011 and March 2012 with the XENON100 detector, adding up to 224.6 live days in total. Following a detailed study to establish the stability of the detector and its background contributions during this run, we performed an unbinned profile likelihood analysis to identify any periodicity up to 500 days. We find a global significance of less than 1σ for all periods, suggesting no statistically significant modulation in the data. While the local significance for an annual modulation is 2.8σ, the analysis of a multiple-scatter control sample and the phase of the modulation disfavor a dark matter interpretation. The DAMA/LIBRA annual modulation interpreted as a dark matter signature with axial-vector coupling of weakly interacting massive particles to electrons is excluded at 4.8σ.
Teaching Nano Fabrication Materials Processing To Non Materials Majors (2020)

A new course under development that is designed to provide a broad understanding of the opportunities and limitations imposed by the processing of materials and structures in the micrometer to the nanometer regime is introduced.The historic focal point of micro-fabrication courses in engineering colleges has been electronic device manufacture.Accordingly, electrical engineering faculty typically teach this material and the course topics revolve around the construction of predominately silicon-based resistors, diodes, capacitors, metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETS), and bipolar junction transistors (BJTs).The advent of a myriad of new applications in recent years, in many cases not involving electronic materials, suggests that a new paradigm be developed for this instruction.Gene-chips, micro-electromechanical systems, micro-fluidic devices, micro-photonic devices, ink jet and aerodynamic disc read/write heads are just a few examples.These innovations were enabled and derived from fundamental unit materials processes that were originally developed to fabricate electronic devices.This new course aims to develop students' materials process skills and knowledge.We intend to enroll students from the entire science and engineering university community so that they may be prepared to contribute to the many exciting nanometer materials and systems discoveries that are possible as they pursue their careers.There are many challenges to the success of this endeavor.Principle among these deals with the issues to be addressed if a hands-on laboratory instruction component is to be integral to the course.The resources needed for such instruction, in for example thin-film material deposition, can be significant.We discuss the approach of applying a graphical icon or "visual programming" to the development of process flows or sequences along with the interdisciplinary instructional format applied to an audience with the diversity level anticipated in this course.
Trust Models for Data Integrity and Data Shredding in Cloud (2013)

Introduction ...........................................................................................................72 Cloud Storage: Present Scenario .................................................................... 73Trust and Security Issues in Cloud ..................................................................... 73 Condentiality Issues ...................................................................................... 74 Integrity Issues .................................................................................................. 74 Issues of Availability ........................................................................................ 75 Privacy Issues ....................................................................................................75 Compliance, Audit, and Legal Issues ............................................................ 76 Data Ownership ............................................................................................... 76Data Integrity Proofs ............................................................................................77 Integrity Issues with Remote Data Storage ..................................................77 Security and Performance Concerns ............................................................. 78 Popular Data Integrity Proofs ........................................................................ 79Keyed-Hash Approach ............................................................................... 79 The Sentinel-Based Approach ....................................................................80 Provable Data Possession ........................................................................... 81 Third-Party Data Auditing ......................................................................... 82Challenges and Future Developments ..........................................................83 Data Shredding ......................................................................................................84
Novel Distance Protection Algorithm for Long Transmission Line (2019)

The fault location algorithm is commonly used to measure the distance between the measurement point and the fault point in a transmission line. One of the feasible techniques is the impedance -based methods, in which the single-end fault location algorithms are widely used in distance relays with the consideration of their simple theory and efficient cost. However, most of the existing single-ended fault location algorithms are based on the equivalent RL line model. They are relatively accurate for the short transmission line case, while this may be not true in a long transmission system due to the mismatching of the RL model and the real transmission line. To overcome this demerit, a modified impedance-based fault location algorithm is developed for estimating the fault distance in this paper. The core idea of the new method is to applying the Bergeron method to compute the voltage and current at the setting point of the distance relay, which make the setting point a virtual starting point when building the distance measurement equation. Then, the voltage drop equation between the setting point and the fault point is built based on equivalent RL line model. Finally, the conventional<br/>fault location is adopted to solve the fault distance. By this way, the new method shows a higher computation accuracy than the conventional method for the faults occurring near the protective boundary. Besides, with the coordination of the directional element, the distance relay can achieve a reliable operation along the whole protective zone. The simulation model is built in DIgSILENT/PowerFactory and the data are processed in Matlab. The results from both the conventional algorithm and the proposed new one are compared with each other and the accuracy has been investigated in simulation results. The results verify that the proposed new fault location method performs higher accuracy for remote faults than the conventional Takagi method, which can improve the reliability of the impedance -based distance protection to remote faults in a long transmission system.
Surface Wave Reduction in Antenna Arrays Using Metasurface Inclusion for MIMO and SAR Systems (2019)

Abstract An effective method is presented for suppressing mutual coupling between adjacent radiating elements which is based on metasurface isolation for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. This is achieved by choking surface current waves induced over the patch antenna by inserting a cross‐shaped metasurface structure between the radiating elements. Each arm of the cross‐shaped structure constituting the metasurface is etched with meander line slot. Effectiveness of the metasurface is demonstrated for a 2 × 2 antenna array that operates over six frequency subbands in X, Ku, and K bands. With the proposed technique, the maximum improvement achieved in attenuating mutual coupling between neighboring antennas is 8.5 dB (8–8.4 GHz), 28 dB (9.6–10.8 GHz), 27 dB (11.7–12.6 GHz), 7.5 dB (13.4–14.2 GHz), 13 dB (16.5–16.8 GHz), and 22.5 dB (18.5–20.3 GHz). Furthermore, with the proposed technique (i) minimum center‐to‐center separation between the radiating elements can be reduced to 0.26 λ 0 , where λ 0 is 8.0 GHz; (ii) use of ground‐plane or defected ground structures are unnecessary; (iii) use of short‐circuited via‐holes are avoided; (iv) it eliminates the issue with poor front‐to‐back ratio; and (v) it can be applied to existing arrays retrospectively.
Front-end processing for joint maximum likelihood channel and sequence estimation (2002)

The problem of performing joint maximum-likelihood estimation of a digital sequence and an unknown dispersive channel impulse response is considered starting from a continuous-time model. Previous investigations of this problem have not treated the front-end (FE) processing in detail. It is shown that a fractionally-spaced whitened matched filter, matched to the known data pulse, provides a set of sufficient statistics when a tapped-delay-line channel model is assumed. A signal model at the output of this FE processor, as well as representative sub-optimal FE processors, is described. Recursive computation of the approximate likelihood functional is presented and a general receiver structure, which may be interpreted as a generalization of the previously introduced technique of per-survivor processing, is suggested. Simulations conducted in the tracking mode illustrate that FE processing techniques suggested in the existing literature may significantly degrade performance.
Laser Thomson Scattering Measurements of Electron Density and Temperature Profiles of a Striated Plasma in a Plasma Display Panel (PDP)-Like Discharge (2005)

A laser Thomson scattering technique has been used to directly measure the electron density ( n e ) and electron temperature ( T e ) profiles of a striated plasma in a plasma display panel (PDP)-like discharge. A modulation in n e was observed only on the anode side of an electrode substrate; this corresponds to a feature similar to that of the emission images obtained using an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera. Also, a modulation in T e was observed and it was found to be out of phase from the modulation in n e .
A UNIFICATION OF ADAPTIVE MULTI-MICROPHONE NOISE REDUCTION SYSTEMS (2015)

In this paper a general cost function for adaptive multi-microphone noise reduction is proposed. From this cost func-tion, many existing adaptive multi-microphone noise reduction techniques can be derived, such as linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamforming, transfer-function LCMV, soft-constrained beamforming and speech-distortion weighted multi-channel Wiener filtering as well as combined approaches. 1.
Comparison for gas flow range 5 ml/min to 30 l/min (EURAMET.M.FF-S10) (2020)

The EURAMET.M.FF-S10 comparison, also registered as EURAMET project 1325, was organized to compare the results of low gas flow facilities at twelve European laboratories. The following laboratories took part in the comparison: MIKES (Finland), INRIM (Italy), PTB (Germany), FORCE (Denmark), METAS (Switzerland), VSL (Netherlands), EIM (Greece), UL (Slovenia), CMI (Czech Republic), LNE (France), GUM (Poland), LEI (Lithuania). Due to the high amount of participants, the comparison was carried out in two parallel loops with one circulating transfer standard in each loop. MIKES acted as the pilot laboratory and INRIM and PTB were the linking laboratories. High-accuracy piston provers (MesaLabs DryCal 800) provided by Mesa Laboratories Inc. were used as transfer standards. Each transfer standard package consisted of three flow cells in order to cover the flow range of the comparison from 5 ml/min to 30 l/min. Generally, a good agreement between participating laboratories was found; 85% of the results agree with the comparison reference value and only 8% were found inconsistent. The remaining 7% of results were classified as inconclusive, because the participating laboratory stated uncertainty was lower than the standard uncertainty of the transfer standard. The comparison provided valuable experience of using piston provers as high precision transfer standards. Such an extensive inter-comparison using piston provers has not been done before. As such, it gives a good overview on the capabilities of European laboratories of calibrating such instruments that are commonly used in industrial calibration laboratories worldwide. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report . Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/ . The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Accuracy Requirements for a Hypoglycemia Detector: An Analytical Model to Evaluate the Effects of Bias, Precision, and Rate of Glucose Change (2007)

Based on the model, assumptions in the model, and the simulation on N = 10,000 patients for different scenarios for rate of glucose change, sampling rate, and MARD, it is concluded that the false negative and false positive ratio will vary depending on the alarm Hypo threshold set by the patient and the MARD value. Also, to achieve a false negative ratio <5% and a false positive ratio <10% would require continuous glucose monitoring to have an MARD < or =7.5%.
Peyer’s patch myeloid cells infection by Listeria signals through gp38+ stromal cells and locks intestinal villus invasion (2018)

The foodborne pathogen <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (<i>Lm</i>) crosses the intestinal villus epithelium via goblet cells (GCs) upon the interaction of <i>Lm</i> surface protein InlA with its receptor E-cadherin. Here, we show that <i>Lm</i> infection accelerates intestinal villus epithelium renewal while decreasing the number of GCs expressing luminally accessible E-cadherin, thereby locking <i>Lm</i> portal of entry. This novel innate immune response to an enteropathogen is triggered by the infection of Peyer's patch CX3CR1<sup>+</sup> cells and the ensuing production of IL-23. It requires STAT3 phosphorylation in epithelial cells in response to IL-22 and IL-11 expressed by lamina propria gp38<sup>+</sup> stromal cells. <i>Lm</i>-induced IFN-γ signaling and STAT1 phosphorylation in epithelial cells is also critical for <i>Lm</i>-associated intestinal epithelium response. GC depletion also leads to a decrease in colon mucus barrier thickness, thereby increasing host susceptibility to colitis. This study unveils a novel innate immune response to an enteropathogen, which implicates gp38<sup>+</sup> stromal cells and locks intestinal villus invasion, but favors colitis.
Translucent Sums: A Foundation for Higher-Order Module Systems (1997)

Abstract The ease of understanding, maintaining, and developing a large program depends crucially on how it is divided up into modules. The possible ways a program can be divided are constrained by the available modular programming facilities (&amp;amp;quot;module system&amp;amp;quot;) of the programming language being used. Experience with the Standard-ML module system has shown the usefulness of functions mapping modules to modules and modules with module subcomponents. For example, functions over modules permit abstract data types (ADTs) to be parameterized by other ADTs, and submodules permit modules to be organized hierarchically. Module systems with such facilities are called higher-order, by analogy with higher-order functions. Previous higher-order module systems can be classified as either opaque or transparent. Opaque systems totally obscure information about the identity of type components of modules, often resulting in overly abstract types. This loss of type identities precludes most interesting uses of higher-order features. Transparent systems, on the other hand, completely reveal type identities by inspecting module implementations, which subverts data abstraction and prevents separate compilation.
Iterative Transportation Planning of Multiple Objects by Cooperative Mobile Robots. (1998)

This paper focuses on a planning method for an iterative transportation task by cooperative mobile robots. This task requires the generation of appropriate robot paths and the formation of groups of cooperating robots. In order to realize efficient transportation, the planning architecture consisting of “Path-Generation Phase” and “Strategy-Making Phase” is proposed. The former phase generates robot paths from global environmental information and produces a graph network from the derived robot paths. In the latter phase, every robot learns a behavior strategy based on the derived graph. An asymptotic strategy-making method is used here. The global transportation strategy derived by the proposed architecture can be divided into three types, and simulation results indicate that forming the global transportation type realizes efficient transportation. Experimental results indicate that the proposed architecture is practical enough for real situation.