gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cancer Immunotherapy: Historical Perspective of a Clinical Revolution and Emerging Preclinical Animal Models (2017)

At the turn of the last century, the emerging field of medical oncology chose a cytotoxic approach to cancer therapy over an immune-centered approach at a time when evidence in support of either paradigm did not yet exist. Today, nearly 120 years of data have established that (a) even the best cytotoxic regimens only infrequently cure late-stage malignancy and (b) strategies that supplement and augment existing antitumor immune responses offer the greatest opportunities to potentiate durable remission in cancer. Despite widespread acceptance of these paradigms today, the ability of the immune system to recognize and fight cancer was a highly controversial topic for much of the twentieth century. Why this modern paradigmatic mainstay should have been both dubious and controversial for such an extended period is a topic of considerable interest that merits candid discussion. Herein, we review the literature to identify and describe the watershed events that ultimately led to the acceptance of immunotherapy as a viable regimen for the treatment of neoplastic malignancy. In addition to noting important clinical discoveries, we also focus on research milestones and the development of critical model systems in rodents and dogs including the advanced modeling techniques that allowed development of patient-derived xenografts. Together, their use will further our understanding of cancer biology and tumor immunology, allow for a speedier assessment of the efficacy and safety of novel approaches, and ultimately provide a faster bench to beside transition.
Water quality guidelines for the management of pond fish culture (2013)

The Optimum fish production is totally dependent on the physical, chemical and biological qualities of water to most of the extent. Hence, successful pond management requires an understanding of water quality. Water quality is determined by variables like temperature, transparency, turbidity, water colour, carbon dioxide, pH, alkalinity, hardness, unionised ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, primary productivity, BOD, plankton population etc. In the present chapter water quality management principles in fish culture have been reviewed to make aware the fish culturist and environmentalist about the important water quality factors that influence health of a pond and are required in optimum values to increase the fish yields to meet the growing demands of present day scenario of the world, when the food resources are in a state of depletion and the population pressure is increasing on these resources.
Mechanism of histamine actions in human coronary arteries. (1987)

Helical strips of human coronary arteries contracted in response to histamine concentration dependently, they relaxed with low concentrations and contracted with high concentrations. Treatment with cimetidine potentiated contraction in the strips with intact and damaged endothelium to a similar extent and attenuated relaxation. Removal of endothelium abolished relaxation and potentiated contraction in the cimetidine-treated strips. Methylene blue increased the contractile response to histamine in the strips with endothelium but did not alter the response in the damaged-endothelium strips. Histamine-induced relaxations in the intact strips were suppressed or abolished by treatment with ETYA, AA861, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, and by chlorpheniramine but were unaffected by indomethacin. Chlorpheniramine also abolished amine-induced contraction. It may be concluded that histamine-induced contraction in human coronary arteries is mediated by H1 receptors in smooth muscle, and relaxation is mediated by H2 receptors in smooth muscle and H1 receptors in endothelium. Also, stimulation of the endothelial H1 receptor liberates vasodilator substance and possibly activates smooth muscle guanylate cyclase to accumulate cellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate.
Compiler Reorganization of Shared Data. (1996)

Abstract : False sharing in shared memory multiprocessors is caused by a mismatch between the layout of write shared data in memory and the cross-processor memory reference pattern to it. This mismatch can be eliminated by restructuring the data to match the pattern. We have developed compiler algorithms that do this: they analyze per-process shared data accesses in coarse-grained, explicitly parallel programs, pinpoint the data structures that are susceptible to false sharing, and choose an appropriate transformation to reduce it. The restructured programs execute up to three times faster on a KsR-2 multiprocessor, and have considerably better scalability (better performance with increasing numbers of processors). When compared to programmer efforts to restructure shared data (including the extensively hand-tuned SPLASH and SPLASH2 benchmarks), the compiler-directed approach never did worse, and for most programs did considerably better.
Origin of unusual sintering phenomena in compacts of chloride-derived 3Y-TZP nanopowders (2014)

After evaluating three alternative possibilities, the present study shows that seemingly minor amounts (at least as low as 0.06 wt%) of chlorine impurities are responsible for the poor sintering behavior observed in chloride-derived 3 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP) nanopowders. Models and quantitative estimates are used to explain the role of evolved HCl and ZrCl4 gases in such anomalous behaviors as reduced sintered densities for higher green densities, de-densification, improved sintering in nitrogen over oxygen, and formation of a dense shell microstructure. Two solutions to problematic residual chlorides are compared: 1) a thermal treatment composed of an extended hold at 1000?C to allow HCl gas removal before the onset of closed porosity, and 2) a chemical treatment performed by washing bisque-fired samples at room temperature using a concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution to remove chlorides. The thermal treatment was found to be superior.
History, Memory and the Law in France, 1990–2010 (2012)

no abstract
Aperture optical antennas (2016)

Light passing in a small aperture has been the subject of intense scientific interest since the very first introduction of the concept of diffraction by Grimaldi in 1665. This interest is directly sustained by two facts: an aperture in an opaque screen is probably the simplest optical element, and its interaction with electromagnetic radiation leads to a wide range of physical phenomena. As the fundamental comprehension of electromagnetism as well as fabrication techniques evolved during the twentieth century, the interest turned towards apertures of subwavelength dimensions. Bethe gave the first theory of diffraction by an idealized subwavelength aperture in a thin perfect metal layer [17], predicting extremely small transmitted powers as the aperture diameter decreased far below the radiation wavelength. These predictions were refuted by the observation of the so-called extraordinary optical transmission phenomenon by Ebbesen and co-workers in 1998 [23], which in turn stimulated much fundamental research and technology development around subwavelength apertures and nano-optics over the last decade [65]. It is not the aim of this chapter to review the transmission of light through subwavelength apertures. Comprehensive reviews can be found in Refs. [880, 881]. Instead, this chapter will focus on subwavelength apertures to reversibly convert freely propagating optical radiation into localized energy, and tailor light–matter interaction at the nanoscale. This goes within the rapidly growing field of optical antennas [36, 202], which forms the core of this book.
Treatment and Survival of Low-Grade Astrocytoma in Adults--1977–1988 (1992)

A retrospective review of the records of the Division of Neuropathology at the New York University Medical Center between 1977 and 1988 revealed 53 cases of adult supratentorial astrocytomas. Fifty were fibrillary, and three were gemistocytic. Two additional patients had pilocytic tumors and were not included in the study. The majority of patients had either a subtotal (64%) or gross total resection (19%). Biopsy (17%) was performed for deep-seated lesions and for those lesions confined to eloquent cortex. Forty-eight patients (91%) received postoperative radiation therapy. The median survival was 7 1/4 years with a 5-year survival of 64%. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the most important prognosticators for improved survival were young age, absence of contrast enhancement of the original tumor on computed tomography (CT) and the performance status of the patient. Patients with hemispheric tumors died from dedifferentiation into an anaplastic astrocytoma or a glioblastoma multiforme, with a median time to recurrence of 4.5 years from the original surgery. Survival from the time of recurrence was 12 months. Subsequent operations confirmed progression towards malignancy in six of seven (86%) recurrent tumors. CT contrast enhancement of the original tumor was associated with a 6.8-fold increase in risk for later recurrence. Patients with thalamic tumors (six patients) had a poor prognosis with a median survival of less than 2 years. A review of their CT scans suggest that four died of progressive low-grade disease; however, confirmatory autopsy data were available for only one patient. This study supports others that have shown improved survival for adult patients with astrocytomas treated in the CT era.
A Hydrodynamically Focused Stream as a Dynamic Template for Site‐Specific Electrochemical Micropatterning of Conducting Polymers (2008)

Arbeitsmuster: Die elektrochemische Abscheidung von Mikromustern eines leitfähigen Polymers mit bestimmter Größe zwischen einzeln adressierbaren Elektrodenpaaren (siehe Einschub) gelingt mithilfe einer hydrodynamisch fokussierten laminaren Strömung in einer Mikrofluidikeinheit (siehe Bild). Eine solche Strömung kann als dynamisches Templat für die sequenzielle Erzeugung von Sensoranordnungen zur Detektion sehr kleiner Analytmengen verwendet werden. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z704264_s.html or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The resistive wall mode feedback control system on DIII-D (2003)

One of the primary instabilities limiting the performance of the plasma in advanced tokamak operating regimes is the resistive wall mode (RWM). The most common RWM seen in the DIII-D tokamak is originated by an n=1 ideal external kink mode which, in the presence of a resistive wall, is converted to a slowly growing RWM. The mode causes a reduction in plasma rotation, a loss of stored energy, and sometimes leads to plasma disruption. It routinely limits the performance of a tokamak operating near reactor relevant parameter levels. A system designed to actively control the RWM has recently been installed on the DIII-D tokamak for the control of low m n=1 modes. In initial experiments, the control system has been capable of delaying the onset of RWMs in energetic discharges for several hundred milliseconds. The feedback control system consists of detector coils connected via control software to high power current amplifiers driving the excitation coils. The three pairs of excitation coils are each driven by a current amplifier and a DC power supply. The control signal is derived from a set of six sensor coils that measure radial flux as low as one Gauss. The signals are digitally processed by real-time software in the DIII-D Plasma Control System (PCS) to create a command that is sent to the current amplifier, with a cycle time of approximately 100 /spl mu/s. The amplifiers, designed and fabricated by Robicon Corporation to a specification developed by PPPL and GA, are bipolar devices capable of /spl plusmn/5 kA at 300 V, with an operating bandwidth of approximately 800 Hz (-3 dB).
Acetylcholinesterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of anilides: acylation reaction dynamics and intrinsic chemical transition-state structures (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcetylcholinesterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of anilides: acylation reaction dynamics and intrinsic chemical transition-state structuresPaul N. Barlow, Scott A. Acheson, Michael L. Swanson, and Daniel M. QuinnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 1, 253–257Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00235a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00235a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design of Multilayer Optical Filters Using Linear Programming Based On Autocorrelation Sequences (2007)

A novel design approach of multilayer dielectric structures is proposed. The design problem is approximated as a linear programming by exploiting the autocorrelation sequence. Interior point methods are then utilized for efficiently solving the problem.
Chlorohydrination of allyl chloride with HCl and H2O2 catalyzed by hollow titanium silicate zeolite to produce dichloropropanol (2016)

A novel chlorohydrination process of allyl chloride with HCl and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> catalyzed by hollow titanium silicate zeolite has been developed, overcoming the significant drawbacks of traditional Cl<sub>2</sub>-based route.
ZINC SULPHOSELENIDE THIN FILMS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS. (1983)

The electrical and photovoltaic properties of single crystalline ZnSSe/GaAs heterojunction photovoltaic devices prepared by the chemical vapor deposition of ZnSSe on Cd doped GaAs have been investigated. Under simulated solar conditions, a cell without an anti-reflection coating showed an open-circuit voltage of 0.58 V, a short-circuit current of 18.3 mA/cm/sup 2/ and an efficiency of 6.4%. The photoresponse of the cells increased with increasing photon energy, indicating the resistivity of the ZnSSe is limiting the cell efficiency.
Design of narrowband Bragg spectral filters in subwavelength grating metamaterial waveguides (2018)

Properties of reflection and transmission spectral filters based on Bragg gratings in subwavelength grating (SWG) metamaterial waveguides on silicon-on-insulator platform have been analyzed using proprietary 2D and 3D simulation tools based on Fourier modal method and the coupled-mode theory. We also demonstrate that the coupled Bloch mode theory can be advantageously applied to design of Bragg gratings in SWG waveguides. By combining different techniques, including judiciously positioning silicon loading segments within the evanescent field of the SWG waveguide and making use of its dispersion properties, it is possible to attain sub-nanometer spectral bandwidths for both reflection and transmission filters in the wavelength range of 1550 nm while keeping minimum structural features of the filters as large as 100 nm. Numerical simulations have also shown that a few nanometer jitter in the size and position of Si segments is well tolerated in our filter designs.
On the performance of Bluetooth and IEEE 802.15.4 radios in a body area network (2008)

The last few years have seen the emergence of many applications such as wellness, chronic disease management and assisted living that require pervasive sensing of people and the environment. Many of these applications require on-body sensing of various parameters including heart-rate, caloric burn,
Creep Strength of Co-Free Ni-Base Single Crystal Superalloys (2005)

The Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) is a small atomic power reactor which can be used in areas where the electric power transmission network is not well developed. It generates electricity by gas-turbines that used He-gas as a coolant. Ni-based superalloys are the primary materials used in gas-turbines. However if conventional Ni-base superalloys are to be used for PBMR, turbine maintenances will be difficult due to Co, as it can produce 60Co a recitative material that possesses a long half-life. Therefore, Co-free Ni-base superalloys are required for PBMR. In this paper, a Co-free single-crystal (SC) superalloy, TMS-82+(-Co), was developed; it was the same chemical composition as the 2nd generation SC superalloy, TMS-82+, except that it is Co-free creep tests were performed on the developed alloy, TMS-82+, under three conditions; 900°C/392 MPa, 1000°C/245 MPa, and 1100°C/137 MPa; CMSX-4, a popular SC alloy, was used as comparison. TMS-82+(-Co) displayed superior creep-rupture life in all creep tests; however, detrimental TCP were observed in the microstructure of the sample that underwent creep testing at 1100°C/137 MPa. This, the developed Co-free SC alloy should be further modified for long-term microstructural stability. Elimination of phase formation will allow the alloy to be utilized in the PBMR.
Query Optimization Techniques in Graph Databases (2016)

Graph databases (GDB) have recently been arisen to overcome the limits of traditional databases for storing and managing data with graph-like structure. Today, they represent a requirementfor many applications that manage graph-like data,like social networks.Most of the techniques, applied to optimize queries in graph databases, have been used in traditional databases, distribution systems, or they are inspired from graph theory. However, their reuse in graph databases should take care of the main characteristics of graph databases, such as dynamic structure, highly interconnected data, and ability to efficiently access data relationships. In this paper, we survey the query optimization techniques in graph databases. In particular,we focus on the features they have introduced to improve querying graph-like data.
Interactive ray tracing for volume visualization (1999)

Presents a brute-force ray-tracing system for interactive volume visualization. The system runs on a conventional (distributed) shared-memory multiprocessor machine. For each pixel, we trace a ray through a volume to compute the color for that pixel. Although this method has a high intrinsic computational cost, its simplicity and scalability make it ideal for large data sets on current high-end parallel systems. To gain efficiency, several optimizations are used, including a volume bricking scheme and a shallow data hierarchy. These optimizations are used in three separate visualization algorithms: isosurfacing of rectilinear data, isosurfacing of unstructured data, and maximum-intensity projection on rectilinear data. The system runs interactively (i.e. at several frames per second) on an SGI Reality Monster. The graphics capabilities of the Reality Monster are used only for display of the final color image.
Hybride Sensorfusion zur Fahrzeug-Umfelderkennung und Fahrbereichsanalyse (2011)

Dieser Beitrag behandelt das Konzept für die maschinelle Wahrnehmung das Fahrzeugumfelds von Team CarOLO im Rahmen der DARPA Urban Challenge 2007. Zum Einsatz kommt ein hybrides Umfeldmodell, das aus einem objektbasierten Tracking und einer kartenbasierten Befahrbarkeitsanalyse besteht. Im objektbasierten Teilsystem wird ein abstraktes Freiform-Objektmodell zur Konturverfolgung vorgestellt. Der kartenbasierte Systemzweig besteht aus einer dreidimensionalen Geländeprofildarstellung und darauf abgeleitet aus einem probabilistischen Fahrbereichsmodell, das eine Quantifizierung der Befahrbarkeit bereit stellt. Als Datenquelle dient eine Reihe von Sensoren aus dem Bereich Fahrerassistenzsysteme und Bildverabeitung. Die Systemzweige sind miteinander verbunden um eine Plausibilisierung der Objektdaten durch eine Kartendarstellung zu ermöglichen.
Stochastic automatic differentiation: automatic differentiation for Monte-Carlo simulations (2019)

In this paper we re-formulate the automatic differentiation (and in particular, the backward automatic differentiation, also known as adjoint automatic differentiation, AAD) for random variables. While this is just a formal re-interpretation it allows one to investigate the algorithms in the presence of stochastic operators like expectation, conditional expectation or indicator functions.We then specify the algorithms to efficiently incorporate non-pathwise operators (like conditional expectation operators). Under a comparably mild assumption it is possible to retain the simplicity of the backward automatic differentiation algorithm in the presence of conditional expectation operators. This simplifies important applications like - in mathematical finance - the application of backward automatic differentiation to the valuation of Bermudan options or calculation of xVA's.We give the proof for a generalized version of the result. We then discuss in detail how the framework allows dramatic reduction of the memory requirements and improves the performance of a tapeless implementation of automatic differentiation (while the implementation brings advantages similar to ‘vector AAD’ (sometimes called tape compression) for free, it allows improvements beyond this. We present the implementation aspects and show how concepts from object-functional programing, like immutable objects and lazy evaluation enable additional reductions of the memory requirements.
From coiled coils to small globular proteins: Design of a native‐like three‐helix bundle (1998)

A monomolecular native-like three-helix bundle has been designed in an iterative process, beginning with a peptide that noncooperatively assembled into an antiparallel three-helix bundle. Three versions of the protein were designed in which specific interactions were incrementally added. The hydrodynamic and spectroscopic properties of the proteins were examined by size exclusion chromatography, sedimentation equilibrium, fluorescence spectroscopy, and NMR. The thermodynamics of folding were evaluated by monitoring the thermal and guanidine-induced unfolding transitions using far UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. The attainment of a unique, native-like state was achieved through the introduction of: (1) helix capping interactions; (2) electrostatic interactions between partially exposed charged residues; (3) a diverse collection of apolar side chains within the hydrophobic core.
The influence of bleeding on trigger changes for platelet transfusion in patients with chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia (2012)

A universal trigger of 10 × 10(9) /L may not be maintained in a diverse population of patients with their respective bleeding risk factors. Because the trigger is changed often, it may not be as effective as previously believed.