gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of two pirfenidone formulations in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (2020)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal disease characterized by an abnormal activation of lung epithelium and fibroblasts, as well as an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. Pirfenidone was introduced as a therapeutic option for IPF and chronic hypersensitive pneumonitis (cHP), a related disease. However, high plasma concentrations, which can be achieved even at recommended doses, are frequently associated with adverse events. Hence, an extended release formulation (XP), yielding lower peak plasma concentrations, has been developed. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of XP with those of the immediate (IR) formulation in patients with IPF or cHP. Data were analyzed using two pharmacokinetic approaches, conventional non compartmental analysis and a population analysis using the nonlinear mixed effects model technique. Results observed with both approaches were consistent. Drug exposure was similar with both formulations. However, XP exhibited less concentration fluctuations and a longer mean resident time. These results suggest that XP could be a feasible option to reduce adverse events associated to pirfenidone elevated concentrations. Nevertheless, efficacy studies are required to fully document the therapeutic potential of XP.
An Automatic Three-Dimensional Scene Reconstruction System Using Crowdsourced Geo-Tagged Videos (2015)

Automatic 3-D scene reconstruction is a useful technique in modern intelligent systems. Scene reconstruction from video sequences requires a selection of representative video frames. Most previous works employ the content-based techniques to automatically extract key frames. These methods take no frame geo-information into account and may be computationally heavy. In this paper, we propose a new key frame selection scheme based on the video geographic cues. Currently, an increasing number of user-generated videos are collected, which is a trend driven by the popularity of smartphones. In addition, it is convenient to acquire and fuse various sensor data (e.g., the geo-spatial metadata) for creating the geo-tagged mobile videos. Nowadays, large repositories of media content are automatically geo-tagged. Our proposed technique utilizes these underlying geo-metadata to select the most representative frames. We first eliminate irrelevant frames in which the candidate 3-D object does not appear. Then, a fixed number of key frames are selected. The criterion is that the selected key frames can maximally cover the candidate 3-D object/scene. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the high quality of the reconstructed 3-D objects. Moreover, the execution time is reduced by 90%.
Ultrasound generated by a femtosecond and a picosecond laser pulse near the ablation threshold (2005)

We have investigated high-frequency ultrasound generated by single laser pulses in thin (50μm) aluminum foils as a function of the laser fluence. Laser-pulse durations of 80fs and 270ps were used to compare the ultrasound generated in two very different regimes: thermoelastic and ablation. The measured rear-surface displacement induced by the ultrasound pulse is similar after 50-μm propagation through the foils for the two laser-pulse durations in the fluence range of 0.1–0.7J∕cm2. For fluences greater than the ablation threshold (0.25 and 0.63J∕cm2 for the 80-fs and 270-ps pulses, respectively), the ultrasound amplitude generated by the 270-ps laser pulse is increased significantly due to absorption of laser energy by the ablating plasma. This is not observed for the 80-fs laser pulse since ablation is produced well after the laser-pulse irradiation of the target. The measured surface displacement as a function of laser fluence is compared to the calculations of a one-dimensional fluid code for both laser-pulse durations. The model calculations agree in many ways with the experimental results, but some discrepancies are observed.
An Impulse Response Function for Evaluation of UWB SAR Imaging (2010)

Based on analysis of a point target imaged by different synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, the commonly used impulse response function in SAR Imaging (IRF-SAR)-a two-dimensional (2-D) <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sinc</i> function-is shown to be inappropriate for ultrawideband-ultrawidebeam (UWB) SAR systems utilizing a large fractional signal bandwidth and a wide antenna beamwidth. As a consequence, the applications of the 2-D <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sinc</i> function such as image quality measurements and spatial resolution estimations are limited to narrowband-narrowbeam (NB) SAR systems exploiting a small fractional signal bandwidth and a narrow antenna beamwidth. In this paper, a more general IRF-SAR, which aims at UWB SAR systems, is derived with an assumption of flat two-dimensional (2-D) Fourier transform (FT) of a SAR image and called IRF-USAR. However, the derived IRF-USAR is also valid for NB SAR systems.
<title>Noninvasive NADH measurements for clinical applications</title> (1996)

Although NAD/NADH and their spectroscopical characteristics have been well known for a relatively long time, the use of NADH-fluorescence measurements for clinical diagnostics is rather rare up to now Probing the application of a multifiber-NADH-fluorescence-measuring-apparatus in different fields of clinical research and clinical practice, the wide span of applicability is demonstrated. The main purpose of NADH-fluorescence diagnosis is to monitor the well-functioning of the respiratory chain, i.e. the energy metabolic situation of the tissue area probed. As a typical example, the observation of the metabolic state of tissue in transplantation surgery is considered on the one hand and the usefulness of the topological recognition of tumor areas on the other hand.
Developmental patterns of free and protein-bound biotin during maturation and germination of seeds of Pisum sativum: characterization of a novel seed-specific biotinylated protein (1994)

Mature dry pea seeds contain three major biotinylated proteins. Two of these of subunit molecular mass about 75 kDa and 200 kDa are associated with 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.4) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase activities (EC 6.4.1.2) respectively. The third does not exhibit any of the biotin-dependent carboxylase activities found in higher organisms and represents the major part of the total protein-bound biotin in the seeds. This novel protein has been purified from a whole pea seed extract. Because in SDS/polyacrylamide gels the protein migrates with an apparent molecular mass of about 65 kDa, it is referred to as SBP65, for 65 kDa seed biotinylated protein. The molecular mass of native SBP65 is greater than 400 kDa, suggesting that the native protein assumes a polymeric structure, resulting from the association of six to eight identical subunits. The results of CNBr cleavage experiments suggest that biotin is covalently bound to the protein. The stoichiometry is 1 mol of biotin per 1 mol of 65 kDa polypeptide. The temporal and spatial pattern of expression of SBP65 is described. SBP65 is specifically expressed in the seeds, being absent from leaf, root, stem, pod and flower tissues of pea plants. The level of SBP65 increases dramatically during seed development. The protein is not detectable in very young seeds. Its accumulation pattern parallels that for storage proteins, being maximally expressed in the mature dry seeds. SBP65 disappears at a very high rate during seed germination. The level of free biotin has also been evaluated for various organs of pea plants. In all proliferating tissues examined (young developing seeds, leaf, root, stem, pod and flower tissues), free biotin is in excess of protein-bound biotin. Only in the mature dry seeds is protein-bound biotin (i.e. that bound to SBP65) in excess of free biotin. These temporal expression patterns, and the strict organ specificity for expression of SBP65, are discussed with regard to the possibility that in plants, as in mammals, biotin plays a specialized role in cell growth and differentiation.
Alarming antibody evasion properties of rising SARS-CoV-2 BQ and XBB subvariants (2022)

The BQ and XBB subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron are now rapidly expanding, possibly due to altered antibody evasion properties deriving from their additional spike mutations. Here, we report that neutralization of BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB, and XBB.1 by sera from vaccinees and infected persons was markedly impaired, including sera from individuals boosted with a WA1/BA.5 bivalent mRNA vaccine. Titers against BQ and XBB subvariants were lower by 13- to 81-fold and 66- to 155-fold, respectively, far beyond what had been observed to date. Monoclonal antibodies capable of neutralizing the original Omicron variant were largely inactive against these new subvariants, and the responsible individual spike mutations were identified. These subvariants were found to have similar ACE2-binding affinities as their predecessors. Together, our findings indicate that BQ and XBB subvariants present serious threats to current COVID-19 vaccines, render inactive all authorized antibodies, and may have gained dominance in the population because of their advantage in evading antibodies.
Design of a highly active Pt/Al2O3catalyst for low-temperature CO oxidation (2014)

A series of Al2O3 supported platinum catalysts (Pt/Al2O3), were prepared by a colloid deposition route. The Pt chemical state and nanostructure over the Pt/Al2O3 catalysts were characterized after calcination treatment using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The Pt chemical state and nanostructure depended on the treatment temperature: a metallic Pt surface was formed on the Pt/Al2O3 catalysts calcined at low temperature, whereas oxidized Pt existed after the relatively high temperature treatment. The Al2O3 support acted as an anchor and inhibited the sintering of Pt particles on the catalyst surface through intimate interaction between Al2O3 and Pt. The Pt/Al2O3 catalyst pre-treated at 200 °C (i.e., Pt/Al2O3-200) exhibited relatively high activity for CO oxidation. According to the results of catalyst characterization, Pt/Al2O3-200 could efficiently govern O2 adsorption by trapping O2 molecules on Pt sites and producing active oxygen species. That is, the surface metallic Pt could facilitate the adsorption and activation of O2 molecules even with the CO pre-adsorption on the surface of Pt particles.
Characterization of hepatic lactogen receptor. Subunit composition and hydrodynamic properties. (1987)

The structure of the membrane-bound and Triton X-100-solubilized female rat liver prolactin receptor has been studied by affinity cross-linking/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel filtration, and sucrose/H2O and sucrose/D2O density gradient centrifugation. Hydrodynamic characterization revealed that the 125I-human growth hormone receptor-detergent complex represents a molecular species with a Stokes radius of 61 A, a sedimentation coefficient of 5.0 s, and a calculated molecular weight of 158,000. The molecular weight of the receptor was calculated to be 92,000. Three lactogenic hormone-binding species with Mr values of 87,000, 40,000, and 35,000, respectively, were repeatedly found when detergent-solubilized preparations were analyzed using an affinity cross-linking technique. Estrogen treatment of female rats increased the intensity of these bands. Occasionally, an Mr 165,000 hormone-binding species was also found. Two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies (first dimension, nonreducing; second dimension, reducing) demonstrated that disulfide- and nondisulfide-linked hormone-binding species with Mr values of 40,000 and 35,000 are contained within the Mr 87,000 species. It is concluded that the Triton X-100-solubilized female rat liver prolactin receptor has a molecular weight of about 90,000. This molecular species contains Mr 40,000 and Mr 35,000 hormone-binding subunits. It cannot be determined whether these subunits are combined with each other or with as yet undetected subunit(s) to make up the Mr 90,000 species, or whether each one of these subunits is a proteolytic fragment of the Mr 90,000 species.
Znaczenie glikoproteiny PCSK9 w farmakoterapii hipercholesterolemii rodzinnej (2013)

It has been shown that subtilisin-like proprotein convertase expression seems to be strongly correlatedwith low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptors decreased on the cells surface. Consequently , it contri -butes to increase of coronary incidents risks. Currently, the protein inhibition is therefore one of the mostpromising therapeutic strategy which can be used in the treatment of familiar hypercholesterolemia. Apartfrom small-molecule lead compounds, the high-affinity protein binding ligands are some of monoclonalantibodies. The preliminary studies suggest that SAR236553/REGN726, J16 and mAb1 reduce significantlyLDL cholesterol and can be used in the combination with statins. Moreover , in case of patients takinghydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors, the administration of AMG145 is not related with a highrisk of some adverse drug reactions (especially myopathy).
Peptide hairpins with strand segments containing α‐ and β‐amino acid residues: Cross‐strand aromatic interactions of facing Phe residues (2005)

The incporation of beta-amino acid residues into the strand segments of designed beta-hairpin leads to the formation of polar sheets, since in the case of beta-peptide strands, all adjacent carbonyl groups point in one direction and the amide groups orient in the opposite direction. The conformational analysis of two designed peptide hairpins composed of alpha/beta-hybrid segments are described: Boc-Leu-betaPhe-Val-(D)-Pro-Gly-Leu-betaPhe-Val-OMe (1) and Boc-betaLeu-Phe-betaVal-D-Pro-Gly-betaLeu-Phe-betaVal-OMe (2). A 500-MHz 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) analysis in methanol supports a significant population of hairpin conformations in both peptides. Diagnostic nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs) are observed in both cases. X-ray diffraction studies on single crystals of peptide 1 reveal a beta-hairpin conformation in both the molecules, which constitute the crystallographic asymmetric unit. Three cross-strand hydrogen bonds and a nucleating type II' beta-turn at the D-Pro-Gly segment are observed in the two independent molecules. In peptide 1, the betaPhe residues at positions 2 and 7 occur at the nonhydrogen-bonding position, with the benzyl side chains pointing on opposite faces of the beta-sheet. The observed aromatic centroid-to-centroid distances are 8.92 A (molecule A) and 8.94 A (molecule B). In peptide 2, the aromatic rings must occupy facing positions in antiparallel strands, in the NMR-derived structure. Peptide 1 yields a normal "hairpin-like" CD spectrum in methanol with a minimum at 224 nm. The CD spectrum of peptide 2 reveals a negative band at 234 nm and a positive band at 221 nm, suggestive of an exciton split doublet. Modeling of the facing Phe side chains at the hydrogen-bonding position of a canonical beta-hairpin suggests that interring separation is approximately 4.78 A for the gauche+ gauche- (g+ g-) rotamer. A previously reported peptide beta-hairpin composed of only alpha-amino acids, Boc-Leu-Phe-Val-D-Pro-Gly-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe also exhibited an anomalous far-UV (ultraviolet) CD (circular dichroism) spectrum, which was interpreted in terms of interactions between facing aromatic chromophores, Phe 2 and Phe 7 (C. Zhao, P. L. Polavarapu, C. Das, and P. Balaram, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2000, Vol 122, pp. 8228-8231).
A Future for Juveniles? (1980)

In the light of what the authors see as NAPO's failure to develop a positive, overall strategy with regard to juvenile offenders, they call on the Professional Committee to formulate a coherent policy, and for NAPO to press for the setting up of a Royal Commission on juveniles and the criminal justice system.
A K+-selective CNG channel orchestrates Ca2+ signalling in zebrafish sperm (2015)

Calcium in the flagellum controls sperm navigation. In sperm of marine invertebrates and mammals, Ca(2+) signalling has been intensely studied, whereas for fish little is known. In sea urchin sperm, a cyclic nucleotide-gated K(+) channel (CNGK) mediates a cGMP-induced hyperpolarization that evokes Ca(2+) influx. Here, we identify in sperm of the freshwater fish Danio rerio a novel CNGK family member featuring non-canonical properties. It is located in the sperm head rather than the flagellum and is controlled by intracellular pH, but not cyclic nucleotides. Alkalization hyperpolarizes sperm and produces Ca(2+) entry. Ca(2+) induces spinning-like swimming, different from swimming of sperm from other species. The "spinning" mode probably guides sperm into the micropyle, a narrow entrance on the surface of fish eggs. A picture is emerging of sperm channel orthologues that employ different activation mechanisms and serve different functions. The channel inventories probably reflect adaptations to species-specific challenges during fertilization.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tropane-like 1-{2-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl}-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (GBR 12909) Analogues (2001)

We have prepared azabicyclo[3.2.1] derivatives (C-3-substituted tropanes) that bind with high affinity to the dopamine transporter and inhibit dopamine reuptake. Within the series, 3-[2-[bis-(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethylidene]-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (8) was found to have the highest affinity and selectivity for the dopamine transporter. These azabicyclo[3.2.1] (bridged piperidine) series of compounds differ from the well-known benztropines by a 2-carbon spacer between C-3 and a diarylmethoxy moiety. Interestingly, these new compounds demonstrated a much lower affinity for the muscarinic-1 site, at least a 100-fold decrease compared to benztropine. Replacing N-methyl with N-phenylpropyl in two of the compounds resulted in a 3-10-fold increase in binding affinity for the dopamine transporter. However, those compounds lost selectivity for the dopamine transporter over the serotonin transporter. Replacement of the ether oxygen in the diarylmethoxy moiety with a nitrogen atom gave relatively inactive amines, indicating the important role which is played by the ether oxygen in transporter binding. Reduction of the C-3 double bond in 8 gave 3 alpha-substituted tropanes, as shown by X-ray crystallographic analyses of 11, 12, and 19. The 3 alpha-substituted tropanes had lower affinity and less selectivity than the comparable unsaturated ligands.
Molecular Flexibility ofN-Acyl Heterocycles Studied Using 13C NMR Spectroscopy and Computational Chemistry (1998)

Abstract The 13C NMR spectra of a series of N-acyl six-member ring nitrogen heterocycles have been measured as a function of temperature and the results interpreted in terms of restricted amide rotation and ring inversion. Slow rotation is observed on the NMR time scale around the N-CO bond whilst the ring inversion is fast at ambient temperature. High temperature experiments have been undertaken to investigate the free energy of activation for the amide rotation and low temperature NMR experiments were used to probe the ring inversion process. The experimental results have been compared with theoretical calculations using molecular orbital, molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics approaches and good agreement is observed in all cases.
Europe circles the circular economy (2016)

Jumping from a linear economy, in which materials and products are used once and then discarded, to a circular one, where products are designed to be recycled and their raw materials endlessly reused, has become a goal—a lofty one—for the European Union. Backers see the circular economy as a win-win for the economy and the environment. Successful implementation could offset the European chemical industry’s lack of fossil-fuel-based feedstock while also meeting the region’s ambitious environmental goals. Critics call the concept idealistic and unworkable. Either way, EU regulators are now in negotiations to develop waste-related regulations as a first step to a circular economy in the region. The European Parliament will vote on whether to adopt the regulations in the fall. Rare bedfellows, the chemical industry and environmental activists both welcome the circular economy, but as recent clashes between the parties show, they have very different views on how it should
Design Research for Change: Girli Concrete a collaboration between a Textile Designer(Belford) and an architect (Morrow) (2018)

Design Research for Change is a showcase of 67 Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) funded Design research projects. The projects traverse disciplinary, methodological, geographical, and conceptual boundaries. The work showcased here was developed by researchers and practitioners from a range of Design disciplines including product, graphic, fashion, and furniture and from other specialist areas such as healthcare, business, engineering, and elsewhere. The projects illustrate wide-ranging social, cultural, and economic impact and highlight the significant roles that UK-based Design researchers play in some of the most complex and challenging issues we face both in the UK and globally and the positive outcomes that are being designed and developed.
Detection and extraction of marine target with micromotion via short-time fractional Fourier transform in sparse domain (2016)

The micro-Doppler (m-D) signatures can describe the refined motion characteristics of a marine target, which are helpful for target detection and recognition. Due to the complex sea clutter and m-D of marine target, traditional detection methods using time-frequency analysis have great limitations on accuracy and computational cost. In this paper, the micromotion signal model of sea surface target is firstly established according to the length of observation time. Then a novel detection and m-D extraction method is established via sparse time-frequency analysis, i.e., short-time fractional Fourier transform in sparse domain (SSTFRFT). The definition and calculation are described in detail. Finally, experimental results using real radar data, i.e., S-band searching radar (SSR) data, indicate that the proposed method can achieve excellent detection performance and lower computational cost with higher accuracy compared with the traditional methods.
New results from the NUMEN project (2019)

The idea of NUMEN project is to study heavy-ion induced Double Charge Exchange (DCE) reactions with the aim to get information on the nuclear matrix elements for neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay. To infer the neutrino average masses from the possible measurement of the half-life of 0νββ decay, the knowledge of the nuclear matrix elements is crucial. DCE reactions and 0νββ decay present some similarities, the initial and final-state wave functions are the same and the transition operators are similar. The experimental measurements of DCE reactions induced by heavy ions present a number of challenging aspects, since they are characterized by very low cross sections.
CpG in the Immunotherapy of B Cell Lymphoma in an Animal Model (2004)

s for the 19th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer, San Francisco, California, November 4-7, 2004: Other
Control loop design of parallel connected converters using sliding mode and linear control techniques (2002)

This paper shows the design of a parallel connected converter system using both linear control techniques applied to small-signal models and sliding mode control. The paper presents a sliding mode strategy as an alternative design method. This different approach allows to endow the system with prominent dynamic characteristics. Analysis and design consideration are investigated in the case of sliding mode control.