gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The value of endoscope assistance during transcranial surgery for tuberculum sellae meningiomas (2017)

OBJECTIVE In tuberculum sellae meningioma (TSM) surgery, endonasal approaches are claimed to have a superior visual outcome compared with transcranial approaches. The authors question whether this is always true and analyze their series of cases of endoscope-assisted transcranial TSM surgery with special regard to the postoperative visual outcome in order to explore this issue. METHODS All surgical procedures for TSM performed between 2003 and 2015 in the Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, were retrospectively analyzed. Special attention was paid to the postoperative visual outcome. RESULTS During the study period, 15 patients (12 female and 3 male) underwent surgery for TSM. Gross-total resection was achieved in 14 cases (93.3%) and near-total resection in 1. One patient suffered from a major stroke during surgery and had to be excluded from further analyses. No other complications occurred. Preoperatively, visual acuity was disturbed in 12 patients (80%) and visual field deficits were present in 11 patients (73.3%). In 3 patients (20%), the TSM was an incidental finding. Postoperatively, ophthalmological examination revealed an improvement of visual acuity in 10 (90.9%) of 11 patients and improvement of visual field deficits in 9 (90%) of 10 patients; no deterioration of visual acuity or visual field was seen in any patient. Visual acuity and visual field improvement was observed in all patients who had surgery within 3 years after the onset of visual disturbances. No tumor recurrence was observed during follow-up (mean 32 months, range 3-134 months). TSMs were approached via a frontolateral craniotomy in 7 patients and via a supraorbital craniotomy in 8. The use of the endoscope as an assistive device led to improved tumor visualization and consequent removal in areas that were hidden in the microscopic view in 6 patients (40%). CONCLUSIONS The present series confirms a favorable visual outcome after TSM surgery via supraorbital or frontolateral endoscope-assisted approaches. With endoscopic visualization, major manipulation of the optic apparatus could be avoided, perhaps affecting the favorable visual outcome.
Detection of apoptotic tumor response in vivo after a single dose of chemotherapy with 99mTc-annexin V. (2003)

Tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-annexin V was significantly increased by a single dose of cyclophosphamide treatment, and the increase was concordant with the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the tumor. The current results are suggestive of the utility of (99m)Tc-annexin V as a noninvasive means to assess tumor response, although further testing, including clinical evaluation, is required.
Ability of different soil extraction methods to predict potassium release from soil in ley over three consecutive years (2005)

Abstract To avoid over‐fertilization of potassium (K) and thereby a mineral composition in the grass crop not optimal for animal health, estimation of K release from soil is important. The analytical methods should therefore predict the total K release. Furthermore, to minimize costs for the farmers they should provide information which remains valid over a period of several years. The relationship between different soil extraction procedures for K and K uptake in ley for three subsequent years after soil sampling was studied in 19 field experiments on a range of mineral soil types in Norway. Potassium determined with solutions that extracted exchangeable K or parts of exchangeable K (0.01 M CaCl 2 , 0.5 M NaHCO 3 , 1 M NH 4 oAc, or ammonium acetate lactate) was significantly ( p &lt; 0.05) related to the K yield only in the 1st yr after soil sampling. Potassium extracted with boiling in 1 M or 2 M HNO 3 was significantly related to the K yield only in the 2nd and 3rd yr. Potassium extracted with cold 2 M HCl, boiling 0.1 M HNO 3 or 0.5 M HNO 3 was significantly related to the K yield in all 3 yr after soil sampling. Among these extractants, 0.1 M and 0.5 M HNO 3 ‐extractable K were better predictors of K uptake than 2 M HCl‐extractable K. These three extractants release some non‐exchangeable K in addition to exchangeable K. The fraction of 1 M HNO 3 ‐K extractable with 0.1 M HNO 3 varied from 4% to 45%, whereas from 15% to 78% of 1 M HNO 3 ‐K was extractable with 0.5 M HNO 3 . Consequently, the more easily releasable fraction of K extracted by boiling with 1 M HNO 3 varied considerably between different sites.
Highlighting a Cooling Regime in Liquids under Submillimeter Flows (2013)

The shear flow of ordinary liquids is for the first time observed at the submillimeter scale by thermal imaging. We report on microinfrared experiments, showing that liquids as important as water flowing on wetting surfaces produce cooling, while the academic view would foresee heating production. This apparent counterintuitive cooling effect shows that the increase of the internal energy due to the flow can result in different shapes, including a cooling process, before reaching the conventional heating regime at higher shear rates. This unknown property might be interpreted as a transient stretching state of the liquid. Shearing liquids might be a promising alternative compared to conventional endothermic processes (gas expansion or vaporization of a liquid, the Peltier effect, and so forth).
Rational basis functions for robust identification from frequency and time domain measurements (1998)

This paper investigates the use of general bases with fixed poles for the purposes of robust estimation. These bases, which generalise the common FIR, Laguerre and two-parameter Kautz ones, are shown to be fundamental in the disc algebra provided a very mild condition on the choice of poles is satisfied. It is also shown that, by using a min-max criterion, these bases lead to robust estimators for which error bounds in different norms can be explicitly quantified.
Curcuma as a Parasiticidal Agent: A Review (2010)

Members of the Curcuma plant species (Zingiberaceae) have been used for centuries in cooking, cosmetics, staining and in traditional medicine as "omnipotent" remedies. Herbal preparations made with, and molecules extracted from, Curcuma have been shown to possess a wide variety of pharmacological properties against malignant proliferation, hormonal disorders, inflammation, and parasitosis among other conditions. This review evaluates Curcuma and its associated bioactive compounds, particularly focusing on studies examining the parasiticidal activity of these components against the tropical parasites Plasmodium, leishmania, Trypanosoma, Schistosoma and more generally against other cosmopolitan parasites (nematodes, Babesia, Candida, Giardia, Coccidia and Sarcoptes).
Isotopic evidence for quasi-equilibrium chemistry in thermally mature natural gases (2020)

Natural gas is a key energy resource, and understanding how it forms is important for predicting where it forms in economically important volumes. However, the origin of dry thermogenic natural gas is one of the most controversial topics in petroleum geochemistry, with several differing hypotheses proposed, including kinetic processes (such as thermal cleavage, phase partitioning during migration, and demethylation of aromatic rings) and equilibrium processes (such as transition metal catalysis). The dominant paradigm is that it is a product of kinetically controlled cracking of long-chain hydrocarbons. Here we show that C<sub>2+</sub><i>n</i>-alkane gases (ethane, propane, butane, and pentane) are initially produced by irreversible cracking chemistry, but, as thermal maturity increases, the isotopic distribution of these species approaches thermodynamic equilibrium, either at the conditions of gas formation or during reservoir storage, becoming indistinguishable from equilibrium in the most thermally mature gases. We also find that the pair of CO<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>1</sub> (methane) exhibit a separate pattern of mutual isotopic equilibrium (generally at reservoir conditions), suggesting that they form a second, quasi-equilibrated population, separate from the C<sub>2</sub> to C<sub>5</sub> compounds. This conclusion implies that new approaches should be taken to predicting the compositions of natural gases as functions of time, temperature, and source substrate. Additionally, an isotopically equilibrated state can serve as a reference frame for recognizing many secondary processes that may modify natural gases after their formation, such as biodegradation.
Intrinsically asymmetric astrophysical jets (1992)

This paper extends our previous treatment of the origin of self- collimated electromagnetic jets to the general case where there is no reflection symmetry of the magnetic field about the equatorial plane of the disk. We obtain the axisymmetric field structure inside the disk by solving for the magnetic flux function, {PSI}(r, z), and the toroidal magnetic field, B<SUB>phi</SUB>_(r, z), from the generalized thin-disk induction equation, which we derive. We obtain the asymptotic (large-Z) magnetic field structure outside the disk by solving the force-free Grad-Shafranov equation semianalytically. As in our earlier work, we find jet solutions in which the power flow is carried mainly by the Poynting flux of the electromagnetic field and the angular momentum outflow from the disk is carried by the magnetic field. This power flow is different in general above and below the disk, as discussed briefly in our earlier work. We find that the ratio of the jet luminosities (top,bottom) depends directly on the degree of asymmetry of the field and can easily be much greater than unity. In addition, a significant fraction of the accretion power can be carried by these jets. We argue that the degree of field asymmetry in the disk is determined by the asymmetry of the weak galactic field fed into the disk at large distances over long periods of time. In this way we obtain a statistical relation between the jet asymmetry and the even and odd galactic field components. We discuss these results in light of the observed extragalactic double radio In addition to jet energetics, we study the dynamical effects of asymmetric jets and fields on the black hole-disk system. For typical galactic central stellar densities the displacement of the black hole-disk system caused by asymmetric jets will not be observable. The warping of the disk midplane caused by the asymmetric field structure, on the other hand, may be large. This warping will affect the reprocessing of radiation from different parts of the disk as well as the angular distribution of the escaping radiation.
Early Normalization of Luteinizing Hormone Pulsatility after Successful Transsphenoidal Surgery in Women with Microprolactinomas (1986)

In eight hyperprolactinemic amenorrheic women who had a microprolactinoma, LH secretion was examined by measuring its concentration in blood samples collected every 15 min for 6 h before and 8 days after successful selective adenomectomy. Computer analysis was used for LH peak evaluation. In both circumstances, serum PRL and basal estradiol (E2) levels were also determined. Before operation, the number of LH peaks ranged from zero to one per 6 h in seven patients and was two per 6 h in the eighth patient. In all patients, serum PRL was normal on the eighth postoperative day, while E2 levels remained low, similar to the values usually found in the early follicular phase of the cycle in normal women. Postoperatively, mean LH levels were similar to preoperative levels, but there was a dramatic increase in the number of LH peaks (three to five per 6 h) in five of the eight patients. These observations confirm the impairment of LH pulsatility in hyperprolactinemia and demonstrate that normalization of PRL levels by surgery can restore LH pulsatile secretion in certain women as early as the eighth day after operation in the absence of a significant change in serum E2 levels. Thus, the preoperative impaired pulsatility of LH secretion was probably a central effect of hyperprolactinemia.
Macrolide Inspired Macrocycles as Modulators of the IL-17A/IL-17RA Interaction (2021)

Interleukin 17 (IL-17) cytokines promote inflammatory pathophysiology in many autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Such broad involvement of IL-17 in various autoimmune diseases makes it an ideal target for drug discovery. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by numerous defective components of the immune system. Significantly higher levels of IL-17A have been noticed in lesions of psoriatic patients, if compared to non-lesion parts. Therefore, this paper is focused on the macrolide inspired macrocycles as potential IL-17A/IL-17RA modulators and covers the molecular design, synthesis, and <i>in vitro</i> profiling. Macrocycles are designed to diversify and enrich chemical space through different ring sizes and a variety of three-dimensional shapes. Inhibitors in the nM range were identified in both target-based and phenotypic assays. <i>In vitro</i> ADME as well as <i>in vivo</i> PK properties are reported.
EMBRYONIC FLOWER1 and ULTRAPETALA1 Act Antagonistically on Arabidopsis Development and Stress Response (2013)

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is of fundamental importance for eukaryotic development. EMBRYONIC FLOWER1 (EMF1) is a plant-specific gene that participates in Polycomb group-mediated transcriptional repression of target genes such as the flower MADS box genes AGAMOUS, APETALA3, and PISTILLATA. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the curly leaf and early flowering phenotypes caused by reducing EMF1 activity in the leaf primordia of LFYasEMF1 transgenic plants and propose a combined effect of multiple flower MADS box gene activities on these phenotypes. ULTRAPETALA1 (ULT1) functions as a trithorax group factor that counteracts Polycomb group action in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Removing ULT1 activity rescues both the abnormal developmental phenotypes and most of the misregulated gene expression of LFYasEMF1 plants. Reducing EMF1 activity increases salt tolerance, an effect that is diminished by introducing the ult1-3 mutation into the LFYasEMF1 background. EMF1 is required for trimethylating lysine-27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3), and ULT1 associates with ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX1 (ATX1) for trimethylating lysine-3 on histone 4 (H3K4me3) at flower MADS box gene loci. Reducing EMF1 activity decreases H3K27me3 marks and increases H3K4me3 marks on target gene loci. Removing ULT1 activity has the opposite effect on the two histone marks. Removing both gene activities restores the active and repressive marks to near wild-type levels. Thus, ULT1 acts as an antirepressor that counteracts EMF1 action through modulation of histone marks on target genes. Our analysis indicates that, instead of acting as off and on switches, EMF1 and ULT1 mediate histone mark deposition and modulate transcriptional activities of the target genes.
Amidrazone and Amidoxime Inhibitors of Squalene Hopene Cyclase (1999)

The cyclization of squalene catalyzed by the enzyme squalene-hopene cyclase (SHC) leads to the hopanoid family of pentacyclic triterpenes, which are widely found in bacteria as membrane constituents. SHC mediates a cascade of regio- and stereoselective cyclizations that has triggered considerable interest in understanding the enzyme's mechanism of action. This paper reports synthetic studies leading to the preparation of trienylamidrazone 8, trienylamidoxime 9, and tetraenylamidoxime 10 corresponding to a partially cyclized squalene chain. All three compounds displayed significant levels of inhibition when assayed against SHC, with 9 being more active than 8, and amidoxime 10 being the most potent. Detailed profiles of their inhibition kinetics are also presented.
Use of cut specimen pieces in the vibration method with additional mass (VAM) (2019)

The objective of this study was to increase the estimation accuracy of the vibration method with additional mass (VAM). The wood specimen was divided into a cut end and a main body. The cut end was used in VAM. The estimation accuracy of VAM was increased by using the cut end as the additional mass. Hence, the cut end had completely adhered to the main body before cutting. The estimation accuracy reduced with decreasing specimen length. In order to maintain high estimation accuracy, the specimen length should not be too short. The estimation accuracy of the longitudinal vibration was higher than that of the bending vibration because the variation range of the resonance frequency due to end cutting of the longitudinal vibration was lower than that of the bending vibration.
Comparison of Fragmentation Schemes for Document Retrieval. (1994)

Information systems usually rank whole documents to identify which are answers. However, it may in some circumstances be more appropriate to rank fragments to identify which documents are answers. We consider methods of fragmenting and examine the retrieval effectiveness achieved by each method. 1 Introduction Document structure can be used to improve retrieval effectiveness. 2, 4--6 When retrieving only titles or abstracts, document size is highly constrained, as is the content, so that each document is likely to consider only one topic. Thus the whole of the document is likely to be equally relevant to the query. In contrast, a longer document such as a technical article or news report is likely to address several topics. However, the usual description of a document as a set of weighted terms can lead to the fine structure of a document being completely lost, since the presence a highly relevant fragment will be obscured by other, irrelevant material. It is therefore preferable to...
Post-Ionization Interaction of OCS in Phase-Locked Two-Color Laser Fields (2022)

Using phase-locked two-color laser fields, control of fragment ejection direction and selective bond scission of OCS are demonstrated. Post-ionization interaction plays an important role in the dissociation of polar molecules.
Application of Screening Experimental Designs to Assess Chromatographic Isotope Effect upon Isotope-Coded Derivatization for Quantitative Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (2014)

Isotope effect may cause partial chromatographic separation of labeled (heavy) and unlabeled (light) isotopologue pairs. Together with a simultaneous matrix effect, this could lead to unacceptable accuracy in quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assays, especially when electrospray ionization is used. Four biologically relevant reactive aldehydes (acrolein, malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and 4-oxo-2-nonenal) were derivatized with light or heavy (d3-, (13)C6-, (15)N2-, or (15)N4-labeled) 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and used as model compounds to evaluate chromatographic isotope effects. For comprehensive assessment of retention time differences between light/heavy pairs under various gradient reversed-phase liquid chromatography conditions, major chromatographic parameters (stationary phase, mobile phase pH, temperature, organic solvent, and gradient slope) and different isotope labelings were addressed by multiple-factor screening using experimental designs that included both asymmetrical (Addelman) and Plackett-Burman schemes followed by statistical evaluations. Results confirmed that the most effective approach to avoid chromatographic isotope effect is the use of (15)N or (13)C labeling instead of deuterium labeling, while chromatographic parameters had no general influence. Comparison of the alternate isotope-coded derivatization assay (AIDA) using deuterium versus (15)N labeling gave unacceptable differences (>15%) upon quantifying some of the model aldehydes from biological matrixes. On the basis of our results, we recommend the modification of the AIDA protocol by replacing d3-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine with (15)N- or (13)C-labeled derivatizing reagent to avoid possible unfavorable consequences of chromatographic isotope effects.
Valorisation of sawmills wastes by "D.I.C." process: Instaneous Pressure Drop. Essential oil extraction and production of activated carbon (2007)

International audience
Effects of low attenuation in a nanomechanical electron shuttle (2004)

We have measured the spectral current characteristics of a nanomechanical electron shuttle in a tuning-fork configuration. This particular design enhances the quality factor Q of the nanoelectromechanical system. Comparing the experimental results to a precedingly studied low-Q device, we find a substantially different current behavior, indicating an increase of Q: the current flips direction around the frequency of mechanical resonance. We support our conclusion with a model calculation via a master equation. The device is nanomachined in silicon and shows response up to 0.5GHz at room temperature.
Electrical Properties of Yttrium‐Aluminum‐Silicon Oxynitride Glasses (1980)

The ac electrical properties of several Y‐Al‐Si oxynitride glasses were measured as a function of temperature at 20° to 625°C in the frequency range 50 to 10 5 Hz. The low‐field dc conductivity was also determined. Dispersions in the dielectric constant associated with the peaks in the tan δ curves were observed in all cases. The peaks in tan δ shifted to higher frequencies with increasing temperature. Below ∼400°C, the ac conductivity was proportional to ω n with 0.5&lt; n &lt;l. The characteristic relaxation time, T 0 , and the density of defect states were estimated using a model consisting of carrier hopping over a potential barrier. At all temperatures the dc conductivity could be described by an Arrhenius equation.
The Coffin‐Lowry Syndrome: Four New Cases In Three Families (1983)

Abstract Four Japanese boys with the Coffin‐Lowry syndrome in three unrelated families were reported. Three of the four patients aged2–8 years had typical features of the syndrome including severe mental retardation, coarse facies, tapered fingers, and distal phalangeal tufting, while the remaining patient, examined at the age of seven months because his eldest brother was affected, had less characteristic features. As mentioned by many authors, clinical manifestations of the three patients had developed with age, so then the features in the youngest patient may progress in his childhood. All of the three mothers had variable features that were moderate to normal. Tapered fingers and tufting of distal phalages were the most common features among them and would be most diagnostic for the detection of affected females.
Tool integration using the web-services approach (2005)

This paper proposes a protocol for data exchange to allow the communication of specialized tools with Eletronic Design Automation (EDA) frameworks. The BICO (BasIc type COnversor) protocol is based on SOAP, a Web-Service technology. The aim of BICO is to support interoperability, integration and cooperation between scripting and general-purpose languages, with minimum programming effort. The BICO protocol is able to automatically encode and decode data structures used as parameters of requests and replies of services implemented in different languages. Beyond the coder and decoder (CODEC) itself, a helper tool for the creation of the definitions needed by the protocol and some basic communication mechanisms is provided. Case studies are used to demonstrate the integration of specialized tools with commercial frameworks. The proposed protocol achieves interoperability with a simple and easy-to-learn mechanism and yet is very efficient for the purposes it was designed. The proposed integration method has learning costs affordable by university and small developers that want their tools linked to commercial environments or frameworks.