gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentiated glioma cell-derived fibromodulin activates integrin-dependent Notch signaling in endothelial cells to promote tumor angiogenesis and growth (2022)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) alone can initiate and maintain tumors, but the function of non-cancer stem cells (non-CSCs) that form the tumor bulk remains poorly understood. Proteomic analysis showed a higher abundance of the extracellular matrix small leucine-rich proteoglycan fibromodulin (FMOD) in the conditioned medium of differentiated glioma cells (DGCs), the equivalent of glioma non-CSCs, compared to that of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). DGCs silenced for FMOD fail to cooperate with co-implanted GSCs to promote tumor growth. FMOD downregulation neither affects GSC growth and differentiation nor DGC growth and reprogramming in vitro. DGC-secreted FMOD promotes angiogenesis by activating integrin-dependent Notch signaling in endothelial cells. Furthermore, conditional silencing of <i>FMOD</i> in newly generated DGCs in vivo inhibits the growth of GSC-initiated tumors due to poorly developed vasculature and increases mouse survival. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that DGC-secreted FMOD promotes glioma tumor angiogenesis and growth through paracrine signaling in endothelial cells and identifies a DGC-produced protein as a potential therapeutic target in glioma.
Learning to Estimate 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Color Image (2018)

This work addresses the problem of estimating the full body 3D human pose and shape from a single color image. This is a task where iterative optimization-based solutions have typically prevailed, while Convolutional Networks (ConvNets) have suffered because of the lack of training data and their low resolution 3D predictions. Our work aims to bridge this gap and proposes an efficient and effective direct prediction method based on ConvNets. Central part to our approach is the incorporation of a parametric statistical body shape model (SMPL) within our end-to-end framework. This allows us to get very detailed 3D mesh results, while requiring estimation only of a small number of parameters, making it friendly for direct network prediction. Interestingly, we demonstrate that these parameters can be predicted reliably only from 2D keypoints and masks. These are typical outputs of generic 2D human analysis ConvNets, allowing us to relax the massive requirement that images with 3D shape ground truth are available for training. Simultaneously, by maintaining differentiability, at training time we generate the 3D mesh from the estimated parameters and optimize explicitly for the surface using a 3D per-vertex loss. Finally, a differentiable renderer is employed to project the 3D mesh to the image, which enables further refinement of the network, by optimizing for the consistency of the projection with 2D annotations (i.e., 2D keypoints or masks). The proposed approach outperforms previous baselines on this task and offers an attractive solution for direct prediction of 3D shape from a single color image.
Multistage, monolithic ceramic microdischarge device having an active length of ∼0.27 mm (2001)

A three-stage, multilayer ceramic microdischarge device, having an active length of ∼267 μm and a cylindrical discharge channel 140–150 μm in diameter, has been developed and operated continuously in Ne gas. Stable glow discharges are produced for pressures above 1 atm, operating voltages as low as 137 V (at 800 Torr), and specific power loadings of ∼40 kW cm−3. The V–I characteristics for a fired ceramic structure exhibit a negative resistance, whereas the resistance is positive prior to firing. The manufacturability of the fabrication process as well as the “flow-through” and multistage design of this device make it well suited for the excitation of gas microlasers or the dissociation of toxic or environmentally hazardous gases and vapors.
Transvenous vagus nerve stimulation does not modulate the innate immune response during experimental human endotoxemia: a randomized controlled study (2015)

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01944228. Registered 12 September 2013.
Fast atomic force microscopy with self-transduced, self-sensing cantilever (2015)

The conventional optical lever detection technique involves optical components and their precise mechanical alignment. An additional technical limit is the weight of the optical system in cases where a top-scanner is used with high-speed and high-precision metrology. An alternative represents the application of self-actuated atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers with integrated two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) piezoresistive deflection sensors. A significant improvement in the performance of such cantilevers with respect to deflection sensitivity and temperature stability has been achieved by using an integrated Wheatstone bridge configuration. Due to employing effective crosstalk isolation and temperature drift compensation, the performance of these cantilevers was significantly improved. In order to enhance the speed of AFM measurements, we present an adaptive scanning speed procedure. Examples of AFM measurements with a high scanning speed (up to 200 lines/s) committed to advanced lithography process development are shown.
Compact Application Signatures for Parallel and Distributed Scientific Codes (2002)

Understanding the dynamic behavior of parallel programs is key to developing efficient system software and runtime environments; this is even more true on emerging computational Grids where resource availability and performance can change in unpredictable ways. Event tracing provides details on behavioral dynamics, albeit often at great cost. We describe an intermediate approach, based on curve fitting, that retains many of the advantages of event tracing but with lower overhead. These compact application signatures summarize the time-varying resource needs of scientific codes from historical trace data. We also developed a comparison scheme that measures similarity between two signatures, both across executions and across execution environments.
A [2+2+2]‐Cyclotrimerization Approach to Selectively Substituted Fluorenes and Fluorenols, and Their Conversion to 9,9′‐Spirobifluorenes (2015)

Synthesis of selectively substituted fluorenes and fluorenols was achieved by using catalytic [2+2+2]cyclotrimerization. Various starting diynes were reacted with different alkynes in the presence of a catalytic amount of Wilkinson's catalyst (RhCl(PPh3)3) providing the compounds possessing the fluorene scaffold in good isolated yields. A set of four regioselectively substituted fluorenols was converted to the corresponding 9,9'-spirobifluorenes and their spectral characteristics were measured.
Charged-Spray Deposition Characteristics Within Cereal Crops (1985)

Fluorescent tracer studies experimentally quantified the spatial distribution of droplet mass transfer and charge transfer characterizing three modes of electrostatic pesticide spraying onto barley-weed-soil target arrays. Droplet charging in the 1.5-4.5 mC/kg range provided significant deposition increases on all plant surfaces while beneficially reducing residues on underlying soil. With the intense space-charge spray clouds utilized (e.g., 10 µC/m <R xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</R> ), externally applied driving fields as great as 37 kV/m provided no significant deposition increases but instead exacerbated gaseous charge exchange between the spray cloud and the target via undesirable leaf-tip coronas. Nonuniformity characterized deposition of both uncharged and charged sprays throughout the target array, with no improvement provided by spray-entrainment air velocities as great as 2 m/s. Results will guide prototype design by establishing the relative importance of the space charge, the applied field, and the aerodynamic force components for selectively targeting specific sites within living-plant arrays.
The role of cell membrane-associated urinary trypsin inhibitor in tumor cell invasion and metastasis (1997)

Tumor cells (human choriocarcinoma SMT-cc1 cells and human promyeloid leukemia U937 cells) express urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI)-like immunoreactive substance. Because of the prominent inhibitory effects of exogenous UTI on tumor cell invasive and metastatic potential, it is important to determine whether there is endogenous UTI production by these cells. Most of cell-associated UTI is located on the cell surface. Immuno-precipitates of the particulate fraction contained three different polypeptide chains including M(r) >200 kDa, 125 kDa, and a polydisperse band of M(r) 40 kDa, which is confirmed to be UTI by amino acid sequence analysis. In SMT-cc1 cells pulse-labeled with [S-35]sulfate, a polyclonal antibody against UTI precipitated labeled proteins of >200 kDa, 125 kDa, 93 kDa, 69 kDa, and 40 kDa. Upon chase, very low levels of 40 kDa band could be detected in lysates. On the other hand, although UTI was immunoprecipitated from U937 cells and the cells were immunohistochemically positive with anti-UTI antibody, UTI remained unlabeled even after long incubation of the cells with [S-35]sulfate. This suggests that SMT-cc1 cells may produce endogenous UTI, but U937 cell-associated UTI, which may not be generated by U937 cells themselves, may be taken up onto the cell surface from the serum. SMT-cc1 cells were invasive on the Matrigel in an in vitro assay. Exogenously applied UTI efficiently inhibits tumor cell invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, addition of anti-UTI antibody to the cells enhanced cell-associated caseinolytic activity. Anti-UTI antibody produced biphasic, concentration-dependent changes in tumor cell invasion. Although invasion by the cells was enhanced by addition of lower concentrations (<0.5 mu g/ml) of anti-UTI antibody to the in vitro assay system, higher concentrations (>0.5 mu g/ml) of antibody blocked tumor cell invasion, suggesting that too much cell-associated proteolytic activity may cause uncontrolled matrix degradation. Our results suggest that certain tumor cells express UTI on their cell surface and that membrane-bound UTI may control proteolysis and contribute to prevent the excessive fibrinolysis in condition such as tumor invasion.
Photochemical reactions of chiral 2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-pyridones: asymmetric synthesis of (−)-perhydrohistrionicotoxin (1998)

D. L. Comins, Y. Zhang and X. Zheng, Chem. Commun., 1998, 2509 DOI: 10.1039/A807448H
Undetectable or subtherapeutic serum levels of antipsychotic drugs preceding switch to clozapine (2020)

Adequate antipsychotic treatment intensity is required for defining treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and justifying clozapine treatment. We investigated the occurrence of undetectable or subtherapeutic serum levels of oral antipsychotics preceding switch to clozapine as an endpoint of TRS. For patients starting clozapine, 12-month retrospective reviews of antipsychotic serum concentration measurements were performed in a Norwegian therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) database from 2005 to 2017. Undetectable levels in high-sensitive analytical assays defined 'no drug use', while levels <50% of the lower reference range defined 'subtherapeutic use'. Similar data were collected for patients switching to long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics, as a reference of 'no or subtherapeutic drug use'. Nineteen of 353 patients initiating clozapine (5.4%) had a recent history of undetectable antipsychotic drug levels compared to 91 of 1048 (8.7%) initiating LAI. Another 19 patients starting clozapine (5.4%) had recent events of subtherapeutic levels. In conclusion, the present retrospective study may indicate that every 10th patient starting clozapine has a recent history of undetectable or subtherapeutic serum levels of oral antipsychotics. The clinical implications of the present study for the assessment of TRS should be investigated prospectively in further studies.
DEVELOPMENT AND INITIAL EVALUATION OF A NOVEL UROLOGY CURRICULUM FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS (2004)

This study demonstrates significant learning by medical students during their 1-week clinical rotation in urology. Further data are needed to confirm the trend toward increased learning by males and elucidate its etiology. Scheduling changes have been implemented to address the inconsistencies across clinical sites.
Evaluation of effects of EarlyBird associated with FloraMax-B11 on Salmonella Enteritidis, intestinal morphology, and performance of broiler chickens (2013)

A posthatch fasting period of 24 to 72 h is a common and inevitable practice in commercial poultry production. This delay in start of feed intake has been reported to negatively affect yolk utilization, gastrointestinal development, slaughter weight, breast meat yield, performance, and to also depress immunological development, making the birds more susceptible to infection from pathogens such as Salmonella. Furthermore, public concerns regarding the considerable human rates of illness reported and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella have doubled the challenge on the poultry industry to find alternative means of Salmonella control. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a combination of early feeding with probiotic supplementation on morphological development of mucosa, control of Salmonella, and overall performance in broiler chickens. We used a blend of a commercially available perinatal supplement, EarlyBird (EB; Pacific Vet Group USA Inc., Fayetteville, AR), and a successful probiotic supplement, FloraMax-B11 (FM; Pacific Vet Group USA Inc.), to evaluate the effects on gut morphology, Salmonella intestinal colonization, and horizontal transmission, along with its effects on BW and related performance in broiler chickens under simulated commercial hatching management and shipping conditions. Morphometric analysis showed increased villus height, villus width, villus to crypt ratio, and villus surface area index in chickens treated with EB + FM groups. Significant reductions in Salmonella recovery, incidence, and horizontal transmission were also observed among the same groups, suggesting beneficial effects of early feeding and competitive exclusion by probiotic bacteria. Improved gut morphology and Salmonella exclusion was very well supported by BW data with significantly lower early BW loss and overall BW gains in birds treated with EB + FM mixture. The results of this study demonstrated that the combination of EB and FM improved gut morphology, reduced the amount of Salmonella that could be recovered, as well as improved BW when compared with controls and each product individually. These data address both animal welfare and food safety concerns faced by the poultry industry.
<title>A Scanning Metallic-Mesh Fabry-Perot Interferometer For Airborne Far Infrared Astronomy</title> (1984)

A nickel-mesh Fabry- Perot interferometer for far infrared spectroscopic study of astronomical objects had been built and flight-tested. The interferometer was used in conjunction with a liquid helium-cooled far infrared photometer with four pass-band filters in the region 30-200 &mu;m, which serve as prefilters. The photometer alongwith a Germanium bolometer detector was maintained at a temperature of 1.6 K by pumping down on the liquid helium, while the Fabry- Perot itself was at room temperature. In this setup the instru-ment had a spectral resolving power of 100-200 in the range 30-200 &mu;m. Higher resolut ions may be obtained by using higher orders of the Fabry- Perot, with narrow-band prefilters. The main advantage of this instrument is that it can be used with any multiband photometer to cover a wide spectral range in the far infrared where numerous collisionally excited forbidden emission lines from atoms and ions exist. An attempt was made to measure the forbidden emission line of the singly-ionized carbon at 157 &mu; m in the extragalactic H II region, 30 Doradus, using this instrument at the Coude focus of a 32 cm telescope on board a Caravelle aircraft flying at 37000 ft. The details of the instrument and its flight performance are presented.
Proceedings of the 13th ACM International Workshop on Geographic Information Systems (ACM-GIS 2005) (2005)

National audience
A self-learning neural network composed of 1152 digital neurons in wafer-scale LSIs (1991)

The design, fabrication, and evaluation of a compact self-learning neural network made up of more than 1000 neurons are described. A time-sharing bus architecture decreases the number of circuits required and makes possible flexible and expandable networks. Neural functions and the back propagation (BP) algorithm were mapped to binary digital circuits. A dual-network architecture allows high-speed learning. This hardware can be connected to a host workstation and used for a wide range of artificial neural networks. Signature verification and stock price prediction have already been demonstrated with this hardware. The peak learning speed was about 10 times faster than BP simulation by an S-820 Hitachi supercomputer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Arbitrary Optical Waveform Generation by Nonlinear Frequency-to-Time Conversion (2019)

We propose and demonstrate a novel method of arbitrary optical temporal pattering for generation of long (330 ps) unchirped waveforms with picosecond features. The method is based on frequency-to-time conversion of an imposed spectral pattern.
Copper-free Sandmeyer cyanation of arenediazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides (2015)

Arene and heteroarenediazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides can be used as efficient reagents in Sandmeyer cyanation. This work reports such reactions carried out by us under very mild conditions using tetrabutyl ammonium cyanide as a safe cyanide source and, interestingly, without the need for a Cu catalyst. The reactions have given rise to aryl nitriles in good yields (25 examples, average yield 75%). A good amount of o-benzenedisulfonimide was recovered from each reaction and then reused to prepare other salts. Mechanistic insights have allowed us to highlight the fundamental role of the o-benzenedisulfonimide anion as an electron transfer agent.
Autoregulation and Dual Stepping Mode of MYA2, an Arabidopsis Myosin XI Responsible for Cytoplasmic Streaming (2021)

Abstract Arabidopsis thaliana has 13 genes belonging to the myosin XI family. Myosin XI-2 (MYA2) plays a major role in the generation of cytoplasmic streaming in cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular properties of MYA2 expressed by the baculovirus transfer system. Actin-activated ATPase activity and in vitro motility assays revealed that activity of MYA2 was regulated by the globular tail domain (GTD), When the GTD is not bound to the cargo, the GTD inhibits ADP dissociation from the motor domain. Optical nanometry of single MYA2 molecules, combining TIRF microscopy and the FIONA method, revealed that the MYA2 processively moved on actin with three different step sizes: −28 nm, 29 nm, and 60 nm, at low ATP concentrations. This result indicates that MYA2 uses two different stepping modes, hand-over-hand and inchworm-like. Force measurement using optical trapping showed the stall force of MYA2 was 0.85 pN, which was less than half that of myosin V (2 − 3 pN). These results indicated that MYA2 is more flexible than the myosin V responsible for vesicle transport in animal cells. Such flexibility may enable multiple myosin XIs to transport organelles quickly and smoothly, for the generation of cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells.
Numerical analysis of single-point spectroscopy curves used in photo-carrier dynamics measurements by Kelvin probe force microscopy under frequency-modulated excitation (2018)

In recent years, the investigation of the complex interplay between the nanostructure and photo-transport mechanisms has become of crucial importance for the development of many emerging photovoltaic technologies. In this context, Kelvin probe force microscopy under frequency-modulated excitation has emerged as a useful technique for probing photo-carrier dynamics and gaining access to carrier lifetime at the nanoscale in a wide range of photovoltaic materials. However, some aspects about the data interpretation of techniques based on this approach are still the subject of debate, for example, the plausible presence of capacitance artifacts. Special attention shall also be given to the mathematical model used in the data-fitting process as it constitutes a determining aspect in the calculation of time constants. Here, we propose and demonstrate an automatic numerical simulation routine that enables to predict the behavior of spectroscopy curves of the average surface photovoltage as a function of a frequency-modulated excitation source in photovoltaic materials, enabling to compare simulations and experimental results. We describe the general aspects of this simulation routine and we compare it against experimental results previously obtained using single-point Kelvin probe force microscopy under frequency-modulated excitation over a silicon nanocrystal solar cell, as well as against results obtained by intensity-modulated scanning Kelvin probe microscopy over a polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction device. Moreover, we show how this simulation routine can complement experimental results as additional information about the photo-carrier dynamics of the sample can be gained via the numerical analysis.
Methodology and software prototype for ontology-enabled traceability mechanisms (2006)

Due to the rapid advancement of technology, industrial-aged systems are being replaced by information-based models through system integration, where hardware and software are combined by a variety of communication means. As engineering systems become progressively complex, the challenge is to fully understand and implement the connectivity relationships among various models of visualization so that catastrophic and expensive failures of engineering systems can be avoided. In order to achieve these connectivity relationships, this project inserts a new notion called "Design Concepts" in the traceability link between the already connected requirements and engineering objects, where rule-checking may be embedded into the design concepts. A software prototype of the Washington, D.C. Metro System has been built to illustrate the feasibility of connectivity between requirements, UML class diagrams and an engineering model. The software makes use of listener-driven events, which are a scalable and efficient method for establishing traceability links and responding to external user events.