gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disruption of Myelin Leads to Ectopic Expression of KV1.1 Channels with Abnormal Conductivity of Optic Nerve Axons in a Cuprizone-Induced Model of Demyelination (2014)

The molecular determinants of abnormal propagation of action potentials along axons and ectopic conductance in demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, like multiple sclerosis (MS), are poorly defined. Widespread interruption of myelin occurs in several mouse models of demyelination, rendering them useful for research. Herein, considerable myelin loss is shown in the optic nerves of cuprizone-treated demyelinating mice. Immuno-fluorescence confocal analysis of the expression and distribution of voltage-activated K⁺ channels (K(V)1.1 and 1.2 α subunits) revealed their spread from typical juxta-paranodal (JXP) sites to nodes in demyelinated axons, albeit with a disproportionate increase in the level of K(V)1.1 subunit. Functionally, in contrast to monophasic compound action potentials (CAPs) recorded in controls, responses derived from optic nerves of cuprizone-treated mice displayed initial synchronous waveform followed by a dispersed component. Partial restoration of CAPs by broad spectrum (4-aminopyridine) or K(V)1.1-subunit selective (dendrotoxin K) blockers of K⁺ currents suggest enhanced K(V)1.1-mediated conductance in the demyelinated optic nerve. Biophysical profiling of K⁺ currents mediated by recombinant channels comprised of different K(V)1.1 and 1.2 stoichiometries revealed that the enrichment of K(V)1 channels K(V)1.1 subunit endows a decrease in the voltage threshold and accelerates the activation kinetics. Together with the morphometric data, these findings provide important clues to a molecular basis for temporal dispersion of CAPs and reduced excitability of demyelinated optic nerves, which could be of potential relevance to the patho-physiology of MS and related disorders.
P255 Association of gut microbiome composition and function with colonic diverticulosis (2023)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colonic diverticula are outpouchings of the large bowel. As the association between diverticulosis with gut microbiome has been less studied, we aim to characterise the gut microbiome of patients with diverticulosis. <h3>Methods</h3> 364 consecutive patients underwent colonoscopy between 2017–2020 at National University Hospital, Singapore. Stool samples were collected prior to colonoscopy. DNA was extracted using FastDNA™ Spin Kit (MP Biomedicals)). Metagenomic libraries were generated using the NEBNext® Ultra™ IIDNA Library Preparation kit and sequenced with the NovaSeq 6000 system (Illumina®). Metagenomic taxonomic and functional profiles were generated using the bioBakery meta’omics workflow. All analyses were performed in R v3.6.2. Microbial diversity indices were calculated using Vegan v2.5. Association analyses were performed using an additive general linear model of log-transformed abundances via MaAsLin2. Statistical significance was corrected for multiple testing with significant associations identified at FDR &lt;0.05. <h3>Results</h3> One third of the subjects (33.8%) had diverticulosis. Subjects with diverticulosis were significantly older (mean age 65.1±7.5 vs 61.3±7.6 years old). There were no significant differences in the microbial diversity amongst subjects with or without diverticulosis. Correcting for age, we identified 16 microbial species and 63 microbial enzymes associated with diverticulosis. There was increased abundance of <i>Ruminococcus</i> species in subjects with diverticulosis, such as <i>R. bromii</i>, <i>R. torques</i> and<i> R. inulinivorans,</i> Subjects with diverticulosis were found with increased microbial L-glutamate metabolism, microbial methanogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and bile acid dihydroxylation. Those without diverticulosis had have increased 4-aminobutanoate metabolism. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Subjects with diverticulosis have distinct stool microbial signatures. The increased abundance of <i>Ruminococcus bromii</i> amongst subjects with diverticulosis, which is usually associated with increased intake resistant starches, may call to question the traditional concept of a fibre-deficient diet attributing towards diverticulosis.
CRMS: A Collusion-Resistant Matrix System for Group Key Management in Wireless Networks (2008)

In this paper, a collusion-resistant matrix system (CRMS) for group key managements is presented. The CRMS is defined as a collection of subsets of users, and the keys held by users in CRMS are organized in a hierarchical matrix manner. After describing the join and leave protocols, we prove that CRMS has lceil2N/trceil-collusion resistant capability. Moreover, the suggestion of how to select the parameters in CRMS is given. The simulated experiments show that CRMS is a practical group key management in wireless networks.
Light-harvesting capabilities of dielectric sphere multilayers (2018)

Publisher's Note: One of the authors listed on the first published version of this paper (original publication date 21 March 2018) was removed on 4 February 2019 at the request of that author. The paper has been updated to reflect this change. Self-assembled synthetic opals are suitable for integration into solution-processed thin film solar cells. In this work, finite-difference time-domain simulations are carried out to tailor optical properties of monolayer and multilayers of semiconductor spheres to trap light when these structures are incorporated into thin film solar cells. In particular, architectures in which spheres are filled with a photoactive material and embedded in a lower refractive index medium are examined. Based on spectra and field intensity maps, this study demonstrates that opal-like photonic crystals obtained from colloidal templates and filled with light-absorbing material can significantly harvest light by exploiting photonic band resonances.
Glutathione : metabolism and physiological functions (1990)

Publications on Glutathione, 1983-1987, A Bibliometric Study. Determination of Tissue Glutathione. Manipulation of Liver Glutathione Status-A Double-Edged Sword. Compartmentation of Cellular Glutathione in Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Pools. Hormonal Influence of GSH Content in Isolated Hepatocytes. Glutathione Transport and Its Significance in Oxidative Stress. Glutathione and Alcohol. Glutathione in Prokaryotes. Biosynthesis and Regulation of g-Glutamyl Transpeptidase. The Role of g-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (g GTPase) in Mammary Tissue. Structure, Mechanism, Functions, and Regulatory Properties of Glutathione Reductase. Glutathione Transferase in Human Tumors and Human Cancer Cell Lines. The Formation of Disulphide Bonds in the Synthesis of Secretory Proteins: Properties and Role of Protein Disulfide-Isomerase. The Glyoxalase System: Towards Functional Characterization and a Role in Disease Processes. Glutaredoxin: Structure and Function. Glutathione and Protein Function. Role of Glutathione in the Regulation of Protein Synthesis and Degradation in Eukaryotes. Aging and Increased Oxidation of the Sulfur Pool. Glutathione Metabolism in the Mammalian Ocular Lens. Role of Glutathione in the Aging Process of the Lens. Renal Handling of Glutathione. Glutathione in Ischemia and Reperfusion-Induced Tissue Injury. Free Radicals and Thiol Compounds (The Role of Glutathione against Free Radical Toxicity). N-Acetylcysteine Stereoisomers as in vivo Probes of the Role of Glutathione in Drug Detoxification. Glutathione Levels in Human Hepatocytes Exposed to Paracetamol. Biological Implications of the Nucleophilic Addition of Glutathione to Quinoid Compounds. Glutathione and Hepatobiliary Transport of Xenobiotics. The Role of Glutathione in the Enzymatic Deiodination of Thyroid Hormone. Glutathione in Pineal Mechanisms and Functions. Nutritional Significance of Glutathione. The Potential Benefits of Dietary Glutathione on Immune Function and Other Practical Implications. Hereditary Disorders in Glutathione Metabolism. Index.
Outcome of FIGO stage I-II cervical cancer patients treated with intensity modulated pelvic radiation therapy (2004)

5027 Background: Intensity modulated pelvic radiation therapy (IM-PRT) is receiving increasing attention in gynecology. Numerous investigators have shown that IM-PRT reduces the volume of normal tissues irradiated compared to conventional pelvic RT. Recent studies have noted less toxicity in pts receiving IM-PRT. No data, however, exist regarding tumor control using IM-PRT. We present our experience using IM-PRT in stage I-II cervical cancer. Methods: Between 2/00 and 2/03, 34 stage I-II cervical cancer pts received IM-PRT. 21pts (12 IB, 9 IIA-IIB) with an intact uterus underwent IM-PRT (20 received weekly cisplatin) followed by brachytherapy, and in 6, simple hysterectomy. 13 stage I pts underwent surgery and received IM-PRT due to adverse features (lymphatic invasion, tumor >4 cm, positive nodes). 6 also received chemotherapy and 2 brachytherapy. On a contrast-enhanced CT scan, a clinical target volume was contoured consisting of the upper vagina, parametria, uterus (if present), presacral and pelvic lymph nodes, and was expanded by 1 cm creating a planning target volume (PTV). IM-PRT plans were generated using inverse planning. Pts were followed with physical exams, cytology, and CT scans. Late toxicity was graded using the RTOG/EORTC scale. Results: IM-PRT plans were highly conformal, with excellent PTV coverage and considerable sparing of the small bowel, bladder and rectum. At a median follow-up of 26.4 months, 5 pts (15%) have recurred, for a 3-year actuarial disease-free survival of 82%. All 5 recurred in extra-pelvic sites. One pt (2.9%) recurred in the pelvis, for a 3-year actuarial pelvic control (PC) of 95%. This pt had stage IIB disease. The 3-year PC of pts with an intact uterus and those treated adjuvantly were 91% and 100%. No pt developed grade ≥ 2 gastrointestinal (GI) or genitourinary (GU) sequelae (2 had grade 1 GI and 1 grade 1 GU toxicity). Conclusions: Stage I-II cervical cancer pts treated with IM-PRT have an excellent tumor control and low rate of toxicity. These results represent the first outcome report of gynecology pts treated with IM-PRT. Larger numbers and longer follow-up are needed to confirm these encouraging results. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Varian, Inc.
Stevens Passive Acoustic Detection System (SPADES-2) and its prospective application for windfarm underwater noise assessment (2022)

Stevens Institute of Technology has been conducting development and field tests of various underwater passive acoustic systems for several years. Several such systems provided localization of boats and divers. The new version of SPADES has a tethered bottom-mounted circular 2.2-m underwater acoustic array with eight hydrophones. Since the cost of underwater acoustic sensing hardware limits the ubiquitous, the cost of the array was significantly reduced compared with the previous version of SPADES due to manufacturing the hydrophones in-house and utilizing a lightweight tether marketed for remotely operated vehicles (ROV). The tether can provide power and communication up to 1 km away and power to the data acquisition. The software has been developed for real-time direction-finding using Steered Power Response Phase Transform (SRP-PHAT) method, combined with the region-zeroing (RZ) approach to multi-source separation. The array was tested for seven months in the shallow and busy waters of the Hudson River tracking small boat activity. The system's reliability and long tether make it attractive for long-term observation of underwater noise such as monitoring wind farm noise, marine mammals, and shipping traffic. Direction-finding can help identify noise unrelated to wind farms.
Mitral Cells of the Olfactory Bulb Perform Metabolic Sensing and Are Disrupted by Obesity at the Level of the Kv1.3 Ion Channel (2011)

Sixty-five percent of Americans are over-weight. While the neuroendocrine controls of energy homeostasis are well known, how sensory systems respond to and are impacted by obesity is scantily understood. The main accepted function of the olfactory system is to provide an internal depiction of our external chemical environment, starting from the detection of chemosensory cues. We hypothesized that the system additionally functions to encode internal chemistry via the detection of chemicals that are important indicators of metabolic state. We here uncovered that the olfactory bulb (OB) subserves as an internal sensor of metabolism via insulin-induced modulation of the potassium channel Kv1.3. Using an adult slice preparation of the olfactory bulb, we found that evoked neural activity in Kv1.3-expressing mitral cells is enhanced following acute insulin application. Insulin mediated changes in mitral cell excitability are predominantly due to the modulation of Kv1.3 channels as evidenced by the lack of effect in slices from Kv1.3-null mice. Moreover, a selective Kv1.3 peptide blocker (ShK186) inhibits more than 80% of the outward current in parallel voltage-clamp studies, whereby insulin significantly decreases the peak current magnitude without altering the kinetics of inactivation or deactivation. Mice that were chronically administered insulin using intranasal delivery approaches exhibited either an elevation in basal firing frequency or fired a single cluster of action potentials. Following chronic administration of the hormone, mitral cells were inhibited by application of acute insulin rather than excited. Mice made obese through a diet of ∼32% fat exhibited prominent changes in mitral cell action potential shape and clustering behavior, whereby the subsequent response to acute insulin stimulation was either attenuated or completely absent. Our results implicate an inappropriate neural function of olfactory sensors following exposure to chronic levels of the hormone insulin (diabetes) or increased body weight (obesity).
Skin Designs Using Multi-Objective Topology Optimization (2008)

Morphing aircraft structures with stretching surfaces require load-bearing flexible skins which can undergo large deformations, require little energy to morph and have a high outof-plane flexural bending stiffness. One solution proposed is to use sandwiched skins made of flexible face-sheets and a cellular core. The cellular core can be designed to be highstrain capable, to have a high bending stiffness for out-of-plane deformations, to require little work to morph and to be light-weight, while the face-sheets provide a smooth surface for the air-flow. This paper investigates the best topologies of the cellular cores that could be used for flexible skins. Two types of morphing deformations are considered: in-plane one-dimensional morphing and in-plane shear-compression morphing. Such deformations can be used in applications such as wing-span change, chord change and area change. The topologies are found using a multi-objective genetic algorithm coupled with a local search optimizer. In addition, morphological filtering is used to remove small features in the topologies. Linear and non-linear deformations are considered to investigate whether one can use a linear approach to design skins for gross morphing deformation. No single solution emerges as the clear best solution because of conflicting objectives. The solutions found show different features which help increase the flexural bending stiffness or decrease the work. Some similarities are found in the topologies for one-dimensional morphing and shear-morphing. Honeycomb-like topologies are found for both type of morphing deformation.
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene polymorphisms in isolated polymyalgia rheumatica. (2002)

Although ICAM-1 polymorphisms alone do not appear to be associated with disease severity in isolated PMR, the presence of both HLA-DRB1*0401 and the ICAM-1 codon 241 GG homozygosity was significantly associated with increased risk of relapses in these patients.
New Dyes For Photodynamic Therapy (1988)

A series of structurally related modified porphyrins have been synthesized. Each compound was tested for in vivo cytotoxicity against the FANFT-induced rat bladder tumor (designated AY-27). An attempt was then made to correlate the amount of tumor necrosis shown on examination of histologic sections of treated tumors, both four and twenty four hours after phototherapy, with the structure of each photosensitizer.
Extreme Wafer Thinning and nano-TSV processing for 3D Heterogeneous Integration (2020)

This paper presents a novel approach for extreme wafer thinning on carrier followed by nano-scale via-last formation in order to achieve sub-500nm pitch interconnects, electrically connecting the backside to the frontside of a device wafer. Indeed, it is expected that most of the 3D System-on-Chip (3D-SOC) integration technology schemes will require a wafer-to-wafer (W2W) bonding approach, combined with via-last TSV (Through Silicon Vias) connections. To reach sub-500nm interconnect pitches, via-last TSV scaling is also expected to follow a similar trend. To do so, a dedicated sub-micron wafer thinning process was developed that enables a very tight thickness control over the entire wafer, with less than 70nm total thickness variation (TTV), and nano-TSV's were etched using a Bosch process applied to extremely small CD structures (180x250nm top CD). Functional electrical structures have been measured and characterized, showing up to 99% electrical yielding connections between frontside and backside of the device wafers.
Application of hydrogen absorbing alloys to batteries (1994)

The successful application of hydrogen absorbing alloys to secondary batteries greatly depends on improving various characteristics related to the whole battery such as capacity, cycle life, self-discharge and rapid charge. With respect to hydrogen absorbing alloys applied to negative electrodes, partial substitutions of nickel(Ni) by manganese(Mn), aluminum(Al) and cobalt(Co) in a MmNi5-based alloy were attempted in order to develop a high capacity and long life electrode. As a result, the MmNi5-x-y-zMnxAlyCoz (0.2≤X≤0.4, 0.1≤Y≤0.3, 0.5≤Z≤0. 75) exhibited both a large discharge capacity, 290-310 mAh/g, and a large cycle life, over 500 cycles. A sulfonated-PP(polypropylene) separator and hydrophobic material added on the metal hydride (MH) electrode surface also proved very effective for improving the self-discharge and rapid charge characteristics of small sealed Ni-MH batteries. Recently, new Zr-Ni system Laves phase alloys have been extensively studied because of the energy density limitation of MmNi5- based alloys and the urgent demands for much higher energy density. From a systematical investigation on Laves phase alloys, it was found that the Zr-Mn-V-Co-Ni (e.g. ZrMn0. 6V0. 2Co0. 1- Ni1.2) negative electrode exhibited a large discharge capacity of 393 mAh/g. If materials' costs can be lowered, these alloys will undoubtedly come into commercial use as negative electrodes for advanced secondary batteries.
Dynamics of ion-ion plasmas under radio frequency bias (2001)

A time-dependent one-dimensional fluid model was developed to study the dynamics of a positive ion-negative ion (ion-ion) plasma under the influence of a rf bias voltage. The full ion momentum and continuity equations were coupled to the Poisson equation for the electrostatic field. Special emphasis was placed on the effect of applied bias frequency. Due to the lower temperature and greater mass of negative ions compared to electrons, the sheath structure in ion-ion plasmas differs significantly from that of conventional electron-ion plasmas, and shows profound structure changes as the bias frequency is varied. For low bias frequencies (100 kHz), the charge distribution in the sheath is monotonic (switching from positive to negative) during each half cycle. For intermediate frequencies (10 MHz), when the bias period approaches the ion transit time through the sheath, double layers form with both positive and negative charges coexisting in the sheath. For high frequencies (60 MHz), beyond the plasma frequency, plasma waves are launched from the sheath edge, and the sheath consists of multiple peaks of positive and negative charge (multiple double layers). For a relatively large range of bias frequencies (up to the plasma frequency), each electrode is bombarded alternately by high energy positive and negative ions during a rf bias cycle. For bias frequencies greater than the plasma frequency, however, the electrode is bombarded simultaneously by low energy positive and negative ions with ion energies approaching the thermal value. The ion energy was found to increase with the applied bias potential. Also, at relatively high pressures (20 mTorr), the ion energy at low frequencies (100 kHz) is limited by collisions. The peak ion energy may then be increased by using an intermediate bias frequency (10 MHz). At lower pressures, however, the effect of collisions is mitigated while the effect of ion transit time becomes significant as the bias frequency increases. In this case, a low bias frequency (100 s of kHz) is favorable for extracting high energy ions from the plasma.
Intrusion and anomaly detection in trusted systems (2003)

A real-time network and host security monitor that allows both interactive and automatic audit trail analysis is described. Audit records, i.e. tokens of actual user behavior, are examined in the context of user profiles, i.e. measures of expected behavior. This system combines a set of statistical tools for both interactive and automatic analysis of audit data, an expert system that works in conjunction with the statistical tools, and a hierarchical set of audit indicators which are based on an indications and warning model. The application of the model makes it possible both to collect audit events at a fine level of granularity and to effectively direct intrusion anomaly detection by defining levels of concern. A set of discrete tools, capabilities, and components is implemented in a hybrid design utilizing control concepts from operating systems theory and problem-solving concepts from blackboard artificial-intelligence systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Regulation of transcription by the rat EGF gene promoter in normal and ischemic murine kidney cells (1995)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a small polypeptide belonging to a class of molecules that can mediate cell growth, differentiation, and acute phase responses. EGF mRNA is transcribed primarily in cells of the salivary gland and the kidney. We have found that the tissue and cellular specificities of EGF gene expression are controlled by a promoter region located upstream from the start of mRNA transcription. In a variety of experimentally induced forms of acute renal failure, the mRNA and protein levels for kidney EGF fall markedly and remain low for a prolonged period. This decrease was determined by nuclear runoff transcription to be a consequence of diminished transcription of the EGF gene rather than increased instability of the mRNA. Using transgenic mice, we found the effect of renal ischemia on EGF mRNA transcription to be a result of a disease-mediated interruption of the function of this upstream promoter region, presumably from alterations in the activity of one or more cellular trans-acting factors.