gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probability Bounds Analysis Applied to the Sandia Verification and Validation Challenge Problem (2015)

Our approach to the Sandia Verification and Validation Challenge Problem is to use probability bounds analysis (PBA) based on probabilistic representation for aleatory uncertainties and interval representation for (most) epistemic uncertainties. The nondeterministic model predictions thus take the form of p-boxes, or bounding cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) that contain all possible families of CDFs that could exist within the uncertainty bounds. The scarcity of experimental data provides little support for treatment of all uncertain inputs as purely aleatory uncertainties and also precludes significant calibration of the models. We instead seek to estimate the model form uncertainty at conditions where the experimental data are available, then extrapolate this uncertainty to conditions where no data exist. The modified area validation metric (MAVM) is employed to estimate the model form uncertainty which is important because the model involves significant simplifications (both geometric and physical nature) of the true system. The results of verification and validation processes are treated as additional interval-based uncertainties applied to the nondeterministic model predictions based on which the failure prediction is made. Based on the method employed, we estimate the probability of failure to be as large as 0.0034, concluding that the tanks are unsafe.
The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Care Use in the Manitoba IBD Cohort Study (2019)

The estimated prevalence of at least 1 self-reported ACE in persons with diagnosed IBD was high. Health care use among those who experienced ACEs may reflect the impacts of ACE on health care anxiety.
A MULTIPLE-MODE TRANSPORTATION NETWORK DESIGN MODEL. VOLUME IV. (CHAPTER 8 PLUS APPENDIX) (1969)

Illustrations are given of some of the difficulties facing transportation planning methodology with respect to very broad issues in the area of generating alternatives and evaluating these alternatives on the basis of their consequences. The focus, particularly in terms of examples, is on the analysis of high-speed ground transportation systems. However, most of the discussion is equally applicable to a number of other transportation planning and decision-making problems. Essentially, concern is with the question of how well existing methodologies are matched to the real world problems of analysis and decision making with respect to large scale transportation improvements. (Author)
Hard and soft acids and bases principle in organic chemistry (Ho, Tse-Lok) (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTHard and soft acids and bases principle in organic chemistry (Ho, Tse-Lok)Wesley A. Pearson Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 9, A346Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1978Published inissue 1 September 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ed055pA346.3RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views349Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Stimulation of Mucosal Inflammatory Activity by the Normal Fecal Flora in a Rat Model of Colitis (1997)

Bacteria and their products stimulate inflammatory responses and may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. We investigated interactions between fecal flora and injured colonic mucosa using the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid model of colitis in the rat. First, we tested the effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics administered at different times after induction of colitis. Second, in rats pretreated with antibiotics, we studied the effects of reintroduction of fecal flora on the release of inflammatory mediators and on the morphology of colonic lesions. Antibiotics reduced colonic lesion scores when started on day 1 after induction of colitis, but had no significant effect when started on day 7. In antibiotic-treated rats, intracolonic administration of a suspension of fecal contents 6 h after induction of colitis enhanced mucosal inflammatory activity and aggravated lesion scores. This effect was not observed when the suspension was administered 3 days after induction. Sonication of the suspension inhibited bacterial growth in aerobic and anaerobic cultures, and abolished its effect on colonic inflammation. In this model, bacteria of the common flora stimulate inflammatory activity and play a role in the induction of colonic mucosal lesions.
908 Ultrasonic propagation properties through metallic plate of hybrid type ultrasonic flowmeter(2) (2007)

A multi-beam pulse ultrasonic Doppler method has been developed for a new type of flow metering system. This system, which is under investigation, is a hybrid of time-of-flight (TOF) type ultrasonic flowmeter and ultrasonid velocity profile (UVP) type flowmeter, and it has the advantages of these two types. Our final purpose is to apply the hybrid ultrasonic flow metering system to an accurate flow rate measurement of feed-or recirculation-water in nuclear power plants. The pulse Ultrasonic Doppler method (UDM) has the capability to obtain instantaneous velocity profiles along an ultrasonic beam. The principle of the UDM flow metering system is based on the integration of an instantaneous velocity profile over a pipe diameter. Hence, the multi-beam system is expected to eliminate installation problems such as entry length, and also to follow transmit flow rate precisely by increasing the number of ultrasonic transducers. However, it needs reflectors for receiving ultrasonic Doppler signals. On the other hand, the TOP ultrasonic flow metering system does not need any reflector, but it needs profile factors (PFs) which depend on velocity profiles. PF is one of the important experimental coefficients for the accurate flow rate measurement. Therefore PFs must be corrected according to the changes in flow conditions. In the present study, we evaluated the correction effects of the hybrid ultrasonic flow metering system which can correct the profile factors of TOP ultrasonic flowmeter by using UDM.
Estimating the Effect of Satellite Orbital Error Using Wavelet-Based Robust Regression Applied to InSAR Deformation Data (2011)

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar data are often obtained on the basis of repeated satellite acquisitions. Errors in the satellite orbit determination, however, propagate to the data analysis and may even entirely obscure the interpretation. Many approaches have been developed to correct the effect of orbital error, which sometimes may even distort the signal. Phase contributions due to other sources, such as surface deformation, atmospheric delay, digital elevation model error, and noise, may reduce the accuracy of the orbital error estimation. Therefore, a more sophisticated approach for estimating the effect of orbital errors is required. In this paper, wavelet multiresolution analysis is employed to distinguish between the effects of orbital errors and other components (e.g., deformation signal). Next, a robust regression approach is applied to estimate the effect of orbit errors as a ramp. After describing the concept of this approach, we present a validation test using a synthetic data set. As in a real case study, the method is applied to an interferogram that was formed over the Tehran area in northern Iran. The validation test demonstrates that the orbital ramp can be estimated with a precision of 3 mm. Thus, a similar precision may be obtained in real cases such as the examined data set from over the Tehran area.
Optical photometry and spectroscopy of the low-luminosity, broad-lined Ic supernova iPTF15dld (2016)

Core-collapse stripped-envelope supernova (SN) explosions reflect the diversity of physical parameters and evolutionary paths of their massive star progenitors. We have observed the Type Ic SN iPTF15dld (z = 0.047), reported by the Palomar Transient Factory. Spectra were taken starting 20 rest-frame days after maximum luminosity and are affected by a young stellar population background. Broad spectral absorption lines associated with the SN are detected over the continuum, similar to those measured for broad-lined, highly energetic SNe Ic. The light curve and maximum luminosity are instead more similar to those of low luminosity, narrow-lined Ic SNe. This suggests a behaviour whereby certain highly stripped-envelope SNe do not produce a large amount of 56 Ni, but the explosion is sufficiently energetic that a large fraction of the ejecta is accelerated to higher than usual velocities. We estimate SN iPTF15dld had a main-sequence progenitor of 20-25 M , produced a 56 Ni mass of 0.1-0.2 M , had an ejecta mass of [2-10] M , and a kinetic energy of [1-18] 10 51 erg.
Strength of immune selection in tumors varies with sex and age (2020)

Individual MHC genotype constrains the mutational landscape during tumorigenesis. Immune checkpoint inhibition reactivates immunity against tumors that escaped immune surveillance in approximately 30% of cases. Recent studies demonstrated poorer response rates in female and younger patients. Although immune responses differ with sex and age, the role of MHC-based immune selection in this context is unknown. We find that tumors in younger and female individuals accumulate more poorly presented driver mutations than those in older and male patients, despite no differences in MHC genotype. Younger patients show the strongest effects of MHC-based driver mutation selection, with younger females showing compounded effects and nearly twice as much MHC-II based selection. This study presents evidence that strength of immune selection during tumor development varies with sex and age, and may influence the availability of mutant peptides capable of driving effective response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Premature mitosis induced in mammalian cells by the protein kinase inhibitors 2-aminopurine and 6-dimethylaminopurine. (1990)

The protein kinase inhibitors 2-aminopurine (2-AP) and 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) were used to examine the effects of protein dephosphorylation on the control of mitosis in mammalian cells. Both 2-AP and 6-DMAP induced premature mitosis in hamster fibroblasts that were arrested in S phase. This response was characterized by changes in cell morphology, breakdown of the nuclear envelope, and premature chromosome condensation. Premature mitosis was followed by a return to interphase morphology and reformation of the nuclear envelope around decondensed and fragmented chromatin to form numerous micronuclei. The activity of both compounds was dependent upon new protein synthesis but not new RNA synthesis. 2-AP and 6-DMAP acted cooperatively with each other and with caffeine, suggesting a common mechanism of action. In exponentially growing cells, 2-AP and 6-DMAP did not induce premature mitosis but did increase the frequency of binucleated cells by blocking cytokinesis. These findings support a role for protein dephosphorylation in the control of mitosis and indicate that cell cycle perturbations can modify this regulation.
Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Pt Strain Gauges Formed on Ni-Co Flexible Structures for Applicable to Micro Force Sensors (2020)

폐정맥의 비정상적인 전기 방전에 의해 발생하는 심방세동은 주로 고주파 절제술(radio frequency ablation)용 카테터를 이용하여 비정상 조직을 괴사시켜 치료한다. 고주파 절제술의 치료 성공률을 높이기 위해서는 비정상 조직에 적절한 접촉력(약 0.2~0.3N)을 인가하면서 시술을 해야 한다. 따라서 고주파 절제술용 카테터에는 실시간 접촉력 모니터링을 위한 미세 힘 센서가 반드시 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 고주파 절제술용 카테터의 미세 힘 센서에 적용 가능한 Ni-Co 유연 구조체 기반 백금 스트레인 게이지의 제작 공정 및 성능 평가 결과를 기술하였다. 기계적 강도와 내식성이 우수한 Ni-Co 유연 구조체 위에 백금 스트레인 게이지를 형성하기 위한 새로운 제작 공정을 확립하였으며, 이 공정을 통해 제작한 백금 스트레인 게이지를 금속 외팔보에 접착하여 게이지 팩터, 선형성, 히스테리시스 등 성능 평가를 실시하였다.
Cache-based side-channel attacks detection through Intel Cache Monitoring Technology and Hardware Performance Counters (2018)

Research on cache-based side-channel attacks shows the security impact of these attacks on cloud computing. Therefore, the detection of cache-based side-channel attacks has received more attention in IaaS cloud infrastructures because of improvements in the attack techniques. However, such detection requires high resolution information, and it is also a challenging task because of the fine-granularity of the attacks. In this paper, we present an approach to detect cross-VM cache-based side-channel attacks through using hardware fine-grained information provided by Intel Cache Monitoring Technology (CMT) and Hardware Performance Counters (HPCs) following the Gaussian anomaly detection method. The approach shows a high detection rate with 2% performance overhead on the computing platform.
CYP2D6 genotypes in a Japanese population: low frequencies of CYP2D6 gene duplication but high frequency of CYP2D6*10 (2000)

Clinical Evaluation of Medicines and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Received 18 August 1999; accepted 4 January 2000 Correspondence to Junichi Azuma, Clinical Evaluation of Medicines and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565–0871, Japan Tel: +81 6 6879 8258; fax: +81 6 6879 8259; e-mail: [email protected]
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PLASMA METABOLOMICS AND BLOOD PRESSURE ACROSS ETHNICITIES: THE HELIUS STUDY (2022)

Objective: Blood pressure (BP) is regulated by plasma metabolites from different neurohumoral and cardiometabolic systems. Since there are well-established differences in hypertension pathogenesis and treatment response between ethnicities, we hypothesized that plasma metabolites may be differently associated with BP across ethnic groups. Design and method: From the HELIUS study, 369 subjects (mean age 52 ± 11 years, 51%F) of African and non-African descent were included. Office systolic and diastolic BP levels were recorded. Plasma metabolites were measured with untargeted LC-MS from fasting plasma samples. Associations between metabolite profiles and BP were assessed with machine learning prediction models. Associations between the resulting best predictors and BP were assessed with linear regression models while adjusting for age, sex, renal function and diabetes, and interactions with ethnicity were tested. Results: Plasma metabolite profiles explained 14.1% of systolic BP variance and 10.6% of diastolic BP variance. Top predictors for both systolic and diastolic BP included N-formylmethionine, several acylcarnitines and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as hexadecadienoate. These metabolites were significantly associated with higher systolic BP with estimates ranging from 3.0–4.5 mmHg per 1 SD increase in the adjusted models. Associations with hexadecadienoate, dihomolinoleate and catecholamine metabolites, including vanillactate had significant interactions with ethnicity and were only significant in subjects of non-African descent. The top predictor N-formylmethionine was the most consistent predictor across ethnicities and sex. This metabolite was associated with higher levels of nitric oxide (NO)-related metabolites, including dimethylarginine (r = 0.42, p &lt; 0.001) and citrulline (r = 0.24, p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: Plasma metabolome composition explained a large proportion of BP variance, but best predicting metabolites were differently associated with BP across ethnicities. N-formylmethionine was the most consistent predictor for BP across ethnicities and sex. This metabolite was associated with metabolites in the NO-pathway. We hypothesize that formylmethionine affects BP through the inhibition of endothelial NO formation.
A Prospective, Randomized Cross-Over Trial ofT2 Paravertebral Block as a Sympathetic Blockin Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (2019)

Sympathetic block, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, paravertebral block, stellate ganglion block.
Performance improvement by alumina coatings on Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ phosphor powder deposited using atomic layer deposition in a fluidized bed reactor (2016)

To improve the thermal stability, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has been successfully coated on a Y<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>:Ce<sup>3+</sup> (YAG:Ce) phosphor powder host by using the Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) approach in a fluidized bed reactor.
Realization and Performance Analysis of Facile-Processed $\mu$ -IDE-Based Multilayer HfS2/HfO2 Transistors (2019)

A new and interesting field-effect transistor (FET) structure based on multilayer HfS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> as a channel material, integrated with Al μ-interdigitated electrodes (μ-IDEs) and HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> as a gate dielectric is reported for the first time. The electrical performance of Al/HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /HfS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</sub> -IDE-based FETs exhibited the threshold voltage of ~ -2.72 V, generous subthreshold swing (SS) of ~70 mV/dec, substantial I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratio of ~104, transconductance of ~1.5 μS, a significantly high electron mobility of ~56.7 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> = 1 V, and low gate leakage current of ~47 nA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gs</sub> = -1 V. Therefore, moderate threshold voltage, generous SS, robust current saturation, ultralow off-state leakage current, and low operating voltage of the fabricated Al/HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /HfS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</sub> -IDE, FETs show its potential for next-generation (NG) low-power FET applications.
Compressive Sensing Multi-Layer Residual Coefficients for Image Coding (2019)

Compressive sensing (CS)-based image coding scheme has been enthusiastically studied, but it still has a poor rate-distortion performance compared with the traditional image coding techniques. In this paper, we propose a CS multi-layer residual coding scheme to rectify this problem to a certain extent. By dividing CS measurements into multi-layers and predicting a particular layer's measurements with all its preceding layers' measurements, we can transform CS measurements into multi-layer residual coefficients, which are easier to compress. By calculating the residual between the quantized ground-truth CS measurements and their corresponding quantized inference measurements and using Huffman coding to associate each residual quantization index with a binary code, we can reduce the redundancies among CS measurements efficiently. Besides, the prediction and quantization process is designed to be layer-independent, which can save much of the encoding time. The proposed approach introduces a novel framework for using CS in the compression domain. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can significantly outperform JPEG2000 and approach or reach the performance of HEVC-Intra on some test images.
New approach to phase metrology for manufacturing 248-nm lithography-based embedded attenuated phase-shifting mask (1996)

One of major benefits of attenuated phase-shifting mask, also called half-tone mask, over binary mask is the increase in depth-of-focus. This improvement, however, will be drastically reduced if phase error over the entire reticle is excessive. It is well known that phase error causes focal shift at the wafer level, leading to loss of useful depth of focus. Therefore, controlling phase error is critical in achieving good lithographic performance of embedded attenuated phase-shifting mask (EPSM). Most recently there are newly developed tools that can be used to measure phase at 248 nm wavelength. However, these tools can't measure phase of actual device patterns such as 0.25 xm contact holes due to beam size. This paper will present a new approach that directly measures focal shift of actual device patterns using Aerial Image Measurement. We have successfully utilized this approach in our development of EPSM reticle fabrication process leading to a focal shift uniformity of ≤ 0.2 μm over the entire 6" EPSM reticle. This new approach is also being used as a quality control tool in our mask fabrication process. New metrology pattern design will be described. Measurement accuracy and repeatability and data analysis methodology will be discussed.
Review on dislodgement & securement risk of peripheral intravenous Catheter/Cannula and the needs of PIVC securement device (2020)

Intravenous (IV) infusion of medical fluid is a very common procedure used as part of medical procedure treatment. It is also the best alternative medical administration route when medical administration through orally is impossible. The most common use of VAD is the short Peripheral IV Catheter (PIVC) or recognized as IV Cannula. In spite of that, even with experience used of PIVC in medical practice nowadays the rate of IV access failure is very high which is up to 69%. Intensive research studies shows the dislodgement case is one of the major contributions of PIVC failure. For some reason only a fewer cases are reported to the administration. This article seeks the awareness and risk factor regarding to the prevailing IV access failure using the PIVC. This manuscript reviewed the statistical data of PIVC dislodgement, significant of dislodgement, dislodgment cases among pediatric, medical staff factor related to PIVC dislodgement and alternative of securement device. This manuscript also discussed the needs of new securement device in order to reduce the percentage of PIVC dislodgement from occurs.