gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vaginal or Systemic Estrogen on Dynamics of Collagen Assembly in the Rat Vaginal Wall1 (2014)

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of systemic and local estrogen treatment on collagen assembly and biomechanical properties of the vaginal wall. Ovariectomized nulliparous rats were treated with estradiol or conjugated equine estrogens (CEEs) either systemically, vaginal CEE, or vaginal placebo cream for 4 wk. Low-dose local CEE treatment resulted in increased vaginal epithelial thickness and significant vaginal growth without uterine hyperplasia. Furthermore, vaginal wall distensibility increased without compromise of maximal force at failure. Systemic estradiol resulted in modest increases in collagen type I with no change in collagen type III mRNA. Low-dose vaginal treatment, however, resulted in dramatic increases in both collagen subtypes whereas moderate and high dose local therapies were less effective. Consistent with the mRNA results, low-dose vaginal estrogen resulted in increased total and cross-linked collagen content. The inverse relationship between vaginal dose and collagen expression may be explained in part by progressive downregulation of estrogen receptor-alpha mRNA with increasing estrogen dose. We conclude that, in this menopausal rat model, local estrogen treatment increased total and cross-linked collagen content and markedly stimulated collagen mRNA expression in an inverse dose-effect relationship. High-dose vaginal estrogen resulted in downregulation of estrogen receptor-alpha and loss of estrogen-induced increases in vaginal collagen. These results may have important clinical implications regarding the use of local vaginal estrogen therapy and its role as an adjunctive treatment in women with loss of vaginal support.
THE EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT OF ALLOGENEIC BONE MARROW GRAFT RECIPIENTS WITH ANTILYMPHOCYTIC SERUM ON THE ACUTE GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST REACTION IN MONKEYS (1972)

SUMMARY Short-term pretreatment of irradiated, bone marrow-treated monkeys with horse antilymphocyte serum (ALS) roughly doubles the survival time by decreasing the severity and delaying the onset of acute secondary disease in random host-donor combinations. It was found that (1) horse anti monkey serum does not interfere with the take and proliferation of the graft, and that (2) rabbit anti monkey serum acts less selectively, as shown by a high incidence of transplant failures. The absence of signs of stem cell toxicity in monkeys treated with horse ALS cannot be attributed to a lower degree of immunosuppression, because lower doses of rabbit ALS are as toxic as larger doses. The use of ALS for pretreatment of human bone marrow recipients is recommended, but, for the time being, only horse serum should be used. The effective dose of horse ALS for monkeys is in the order of 60 mg of IgG/ kg body wt/ day. Pretreatment for 2 days seems to be adequate
Numerical assessment of bureau of mines electric arc melter (1994)

An electric arc melter used for the waste treatment process at Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) has been numerically studied. The arc melter is being used for vitrification of thermally oxidized, buried, transuranic (TRU) contaminated wastes by INEL in conjunction with the USBM as a part of the Buried Waste Integrated Demonstration project. The purpose of this study is to numerically investigate the performance of the laboratory-scale arc melter simulating the USBM arc melter. Initial results of modeling the full-scale USBM arc melter are also reported in this paper.
A Transfer-Less, Multi-Well Liquid Culture Feeding System for Screening Small Molecules that Affect the Longevity of Caenorhabditis Elegans (2009)

Agricultural sciences rely almost entirely on chemical assays to screen the thousands of crop cultivars generated in a crop improvement program for potential human health benefits. This situation exists in part because most animal models are expensive to implement, utilize large amounts of plant material, and require specialized facilities and technical training. A cost-effective, high-throughput animal model to screen crop extracts for small molecules with biological activity related to human health benefits would provide a much-needed resource. Here we introduce a new, relatively high-throughput method incorporating the microscopic Caenorhabditis elegans nematode, which is suitable for screening chemical extracts for bioactivity without the need for robotics. This system was chosen because longevity extension in C. elegans has been previously associated with human health benefits. Through the use of cell culture inserts, C. elegans can be exposed to fresh crop extracts daily throughout their lifespan without mechanical manipulation of the worm, thus minimizing stress and creating an environment suitable for experiments measuring longevity. Additionally, the duration of longevity experiments can be reduced by using type II right censoring in experimental design and survival analyses.
API Integration of National Complaint Handling System in Indonesia: A State of The Art Review (2019)

In the new global economy, public service has become a central matter for achieving sustainability. The way in which public service provider handling either feedbacks or complains become a major key success factor to consider the successfulness of its service. The Government of Indonesia has established SP4N-LAPOR! (National Complaint Handling System) since 2013 to become the first national centralized complaint-handling channel. One major issue in centralized national complaint handling system is Unintegrated System; Duplication with existing local institution application or system. The specific objective of this study was to identify the state of the art of API Integration of SP4N-LAPOR! The researcher has utilized historical analysis to extract the pattern from API Integration. The project used a convenience sample of three months API integration consist of the total complaints generated from parent vs client apps. The findings reported here shed new light on pattern identified as such: 1) Twitter API, 2) Parent domination, 3) Client domination, 4) Balanced proportion and 5) Embed HTML. One of the more significant findings to emerge from this study is that the definition of integration stage: a) partial integration 1, b) partial integration 2, and c) full integration.
A unified framework for Volatile Organic Compound classification and regression (2010)

Motivated by the insect olfactory system, which resolves both the identity and the quantity of a nectar in parallel based on the same sensory cue, we address the problem of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) classification and regression in a unified setting. We derive a maximum margin formulation for minimizing the empirical regression error and the classification error jointly, and then call the sequential minimal optimization procedure for solution. The solution yields a pool of support vectors that achieves both tasks almost equally accurately as individual performances of a support vector machine classifier and a support vector regressor designed independently. We investigate empirically the advantages and inconveniences of handling these two problems under a single formulation for odor identification and quantification. We demonstrate the method on an extensive dataset acquired by an array metal-oxide sensors for five VOC identities and a wide range of concentrations.
Pay‐offs and penalties of competing migratory schedules (2003)

We relate variation in the timing of arrival by migrating birds breeding at northerly latitudes to individual differences in the prior accumulation of energy stores. Balancing starvation risks early in the season against the almost universal declining trend in reproductive prospects with advancing date is seen as an individual decision with fitness consequences. We review three studies implicating events at the staging sites or in winter in setting the individual migratory schedule. Climate change influences the timetable of a pied flycatcher ( Ficedula hypoleuca ) population breeding in The Netherlands and wintering in West Africa, followed since 1960. Mean air temperature in the period mid April‐mid May (arrival and laying) increased and laying date advanced by 10 days. Still, in recent years most birds did not lay early enough to maximise fitness (determined by recruitment and parental survival) whereas many parents achieved this goal in 1980–1985. As the flycatchers have not started to arrive earlier, some ecological constraint further upstream is postulated (possibly the hurdle of the crossing of Sahara and Mediterranean). The ability to follow individual migrants provides a second avenue to assess the fitness implications of migratory schedules. Thus, brightly coloured male bar‐tailed godwits ( Limosa lapponica ) captured in the Dutch Wadden Sea (the intermediate staging site linking a West African wintering area with breeding sites in arctic Russia) and traced with miniature radio‐transmitters did not depart early. The ‘best’ males (with bright breeding plumage) were picked up by the listening stations in Sweden 650 km further along the migratory route ten days later than the paler individuals. If early arrival confers the competitive advantage of prior occupancy but increases mortality, the ‘best’ males may be able to afford arriving later and thus avoid some of the survival costs. Return rate of the ‘bright’ males to the staging site in later seasons was indeed higher than for the ‘pale’, early males. Intensive observation of pink‐footed geese ( Anser brachyrhynchus ) fitted with coded neck‐collars substantiate the tight relationship between energy stores (fat) accumulated up to final departure from the final staging site (Vesterålen, N. Norway) en route to the nesting grounds (Spitsbergen) and subsequent success. The breeding outcome of individual parents (accompanied by juveniles or not) could be related to observations of body condition before departure (visual ‘abdominal profile index’). Recently, perceived conflicts with agriculture have resulted in widespread harassment by humans. The geese have: drastically shortened their stay on the Vesterålen, fail to achieve the body condition usual a decade ago and reproductive output has fallen. Although the geese are currently pioneering new staging sites, an adequate alternative has not materialised, underlining the critical role of the final take‐off site.
Utilisations énergétiques de l’huile de coton (2006)

Les huiles végétales font l'objet d'une considération croissante en tant que carburants des moteurs diesels qu'ils soient destinés à l'agriculture, la production d'électricité ou les transports, que ce soit dans les pays du Sud comme dans ceux du Nord. La récente directive du Parlement européen et du Conseil de l'Union Européenne exprime clairement la volonté de promouvoir l'utilisation des biocarburants dans les transports à partir de 2005. On devrait voir apparaître des équipements et des machines adaptés ou conçus pour l'utilisation de biocarburants y compris pour les huiles végétales. Dans un contexte de prix du pétrole élevé et en augmentation, on peut s'interroger sur les opportunités énergétiques de l'huile de coton dont la production à l'hectare varie de 100 à 300 litres selon les endroits. Les travaux antérieurs et les quelques applications démarrées depuis la fin des années 1980 montrent que l'huile de coton présente les mêmes comportements en tant que biocarburant que les huiles de colza ou de tournesol utilisées de plus en plus massivement en Europe. Les contraintes techniques d'utilisation sont indiquées pour les moteurs comme pour les brûleurs. Si les équipements sont adaptés, les performances et les rendements sont très proches, parfois meilleurs, que ceux obtenus avec les produits pétroliers. Les émissions de polluants sont également identiques avec l'avantage que les huiles végétales ne rejettent pas de CO2 fossile dans l'atmosphère terrestre. Deux exemples d'utilisation, depuis 1988, d'huile de coton biocarburant en Afrique sont mentionnés.
[Conservative treatment of severe paralytic ileus. Clinical experiences with Ceruletid]. (1979)

After the failure of other medicamentous treatment attempts for paralytic ileus, Ceruletid (Takus) was used in 20 surgical patients. Ceruletid was applied as an infusion of 40 microgram in 250 ml or 500 ml physiological saline solution over a period of 2-3 hours. During this time the occurrence of bowel sounds, flatulence and defecation was observed. The most important clinical and serological parameters were measured before and after treatment. Treatment was successful in 17 cases, in 3 cases no success was achieved. Severe side effects did not occur. The use of Ceruletid in the described form of administration can be recommended for the treatment of paralytic ileus.
High resolution imaging of extended defects in GaN using wave function reconstruction (2007)

Abstract Imaging of extended defects at atomic resolution using high‐resolution transmission electron micrography (HRTEM) is problematic due to the lens aberrations of an uncorrected microscope and the loss of the phase during recording of images. As a result, techniques to measure the strain fields of these defects can only be applied under distinct and well‐controlled conditions sometimes in a narrow window of specimen thickness and imaging conditions. Using a combination of focal series reconstruction and numerically correction of the lens aberrations a‐posteriori allows overcoming these limitations. Also the strain fields can be measured using geometrical phase analysis without further precaution. We will demonstrate the application of these techniques on extended defects found in GaN. A discrepancy between the theoretically predicted structure of the Ga‐terminated 90°‐partial and the experimentally observed one has been put in evidence. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coupling Spin Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride to Titanium Oxide Ring Resonators (2022)

Spin-dependent optical transitions are attractive for a plethora of applications in quantum technologies. Here we report on utilization of high quality ring resonators fabricated from TiO2 to enhance the emission from negatively charged boron vacancies in hexagonal Boron Nitride. We show that the emission from these defects can efficiently couple into the whispering gallery modes of the ring resonators. Optically coupled boron vacancy showed photoluminescence contrast in optically detected magnetic resonance signals from the hybrid coupled devices. Our results demonstrate a practical method for integration of spin defects in 2D materials with dielectric resonators which is a promising platform for quantum technologies.
Development of Enantioselective Synthetic Routes to the Hasubanan and Acutumine Alkaloids (2013)

We describe a general strategy to prepare the hasubanan and acutumine alkaloids, a large family of botanical natural products that display antitumor, antiviral, and memory-enhancing effects. The absolute stereochemistry of the targets is established by an enantioselective Diels-Alder reaction between 5-(trimethylsilyl)cyclopentadiene (36) and 5-(2-azidoethyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzoquinone (24). The Diels-Alder adduct 38 is transformed to the tetracyclic imine 39 by a Staudinger reduction-aza-Wittig sequence. The latter serves as a universal precursor to the targets. Key carbon-carbon bond constructions include highly diastereoselective acetylide additions to the N-methyliminium ion derived from 39 and Friedel-Crafts and Hosomi-Sakurai cyclizations to construct the carbocyclic skeleton of the targets. Initially, this strategy was applied to the syntheses of (-)-acutumine (4), (-)-dechloroacutumine (5), and four hasubanan alkaloids (1, 2, 3, and 8). Herein, the synthetic route is adapted to the syntheses of six additional hasubanan alkaloids (12, 13, 14, 15, 18, and 19). The strategic advantage of 5-(trimethylsilyl)cyclopentadiene Diels-Alder adducts is demonstrated by site-selective functionalization of distal carbon-carbon π-bonds in the presence of an otherwise reactive norbornene substructure. Evaluation of the antiproliferative properties of the synthetic metabolites revealed that four hasubanan alkaloids are submicromolar inhibitors of the N87 cell line.
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide treatment to the brain cannabinoid receptor inhibits antinociception (1996)

Studies using agonists from at least three major cannabinoid ligand groups suggest the mediation of several distinct effects (e.g. psychotropic, analgesia, and antiemetic) by the recently cloned CB1 cannabinoid receptor. However, other studies suggest the presence of multiple cannabinoid receptors and at least one other receptor (CB2) has been cloned. The present investigation was undertaken to determine whether one of the potential therapeutic actions of cannabinoids (i.e. antinociception) is mediated by the CB1 receptor using the antisense oligodeoxynucleotide 'knock-down' approach. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to the 5' end of the coding region of the mouse CB1 receptor mRNA were administered to mice by the intracerebro-ventricular (i.c.v.) route twice daily for 3 days. Mismatch oligodeoxynucleotides of similar sequence, but containing six mismatched positions out of the 18 nucleotides within the oligodeoxynucleotide were administered to other mice. Treatment with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, but not mismatched oligodeoxynucleotides, greatly inhibited the antinociceptive response of the cannabinoid agonist CP-55,940. Untreated mice and those treated with mismatched oligodeoxynucleotides showed similar, full response antinociception after CP-55,940 administration. The data provides strong evidence that the CB1 receptor-ligand interaction is essential for the antinociceptive effect.
Integer and constraint programming approaches for providing optimality to the bandwidth multicoloring problem (2020)

In this paper, constraint and integer programming techniques are applied to solving bandwidth coloring problems, in the sense of proving optimality or finding better feasible solutions for benchmark instances from the literature. The Bandwidth Coloring Problem (BCP) is a generalization of the classic vertex coloring problem (VCP), where, given a graph, its vertices must be colored such that not only adjacent ones do not share the same color, but also their colors must be separated by a minimum given value. BCP is further generalized to the Bandwidth Multicoloring Problem (BMCP), where each vertex can receive more than one different color, also subject to separation constraints. BMCP is used to model the Minimum Span Channel Assignment Problem (MS-CAP), which arises in the planning of telecommunication networks. Research on algorithmic strategies to solve these problems focus mainly on heuristic approaches and the performance of such methods is tested on artificial and real scenarios benchmarks, such as GEOM, Philadelphia and Helsinki sets. We achieve optimal solutions or provide better upper bounds for these well-known instances, We also compare the effects of multicoloring demands on the performance of each exact solution approach, based on empirical analysis.
How Instantaneous are Instantaneous Shut-In Pressures? (1982)

ABSTRACT Instantaneous shut-in pressure is a term commonly employed, but often used indiscriminately. Shut-in pressure is conventionally regarded as a static pressure-equilibrium condition existing between a slightly open fracture and the in-situ stress regime. Several techniques for determination of this pressure level, from pressure-time records, have been presented. This report reviews the various definitions and mechanisms for shut-in pressures and critically evaluates the general validity of this concept as a stress parameter indicator. It also outlines the factors which may affect the positive identification of a distinct shut-in (i.e., leakoff, nonuniform fracture azimuth, presence and distribution of proppant and fracture length). The report also provides an alternate interpretation technique, allowing for discrimination between effects of this nature and the existing in-situ stress field. The alternate technique is corroborated by precise laboratory testing and by back analyses of various field situations, including micro-hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic fracturing treatments.
Comparison of Genetic Distance Measures Using Human SNP Genotype Data (2009)

Quantification of the genetic distance between populations is instrumental in many genetic research initiatives, and a large number of formulas for this purpose have been proposed. However, selection of an appropriate measure for assessing genetic distance between real-world human populations that diverged as a result of mechanisms that are not fully known can be a challenging task. We compared results from nine widely used genetic distance measures to high-density whole-genome SNP genotype data obtained on individuals from 51 world populations. Using population trees and generalized analysis of molecular variance, we found that contradictory inferences could be drawn from analyses that used different distance measures. We determined the grouping of the distance measures in terms of similarity and consistency of their values using concordance, consistency, and Procrustes analyses. Overall, the Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards distance measure differed the most from the other measures. Wright's FST for diploid data, the Latter and Reynolds distances, and Nei's minimum distance measures each yielded values that were most consistent with the other eight distance measures in terms of ordering populations based on genetic distance. The Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards distance and Nei's geometric distance were least consistent. Simulation studies showed that the Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards distance is relatively more sensitive in distinguishing genetically similar populations and that the Reynolds genetic distance provides the highest sensitivity for highly divergent populations. Finally, our study suggests that using the Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards distance may provide less power for studies concerning human migration history.
ChemInform Abstract: CHIRAL α‐AMINO KETONES FROM THE FRIEDEL‐CRAFTS REACTION OF PROTECTED AMINO ACIDS (1981)

Abstract (V) durch entsprechende Reduktionsverfahren zugänglich.