gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soluble endoribonuclease activity from vaccinia virus: specific cleavage of virion-associated high-molecular-weight RNA (1978)

A soluble endoribonuclease activity was extracted from purified vaccinia virus cores by treatment with sodium-deoxycholate and dithiothreitol. The soluble enzyme readily cleaved purified virion-associated high-molecular-weight RNA to limit-sized fragments sedimenting at 8 to 12S. Purified virion-released 8 to 12S polyadenylated mRNA was not degraded by the enzyme extract. The soluble endoribonuclease did not require the presence of ribonucleoside triphosphates for activity.
Induction of leukemia-associated inhibitory activity and bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cell alterations during infection with Abelson virus. (1980)

Neonatal and adult BALB/c mice were investigated in a longitudinal study for the acquisition of leukemia-associated inhibitory activity (LIA) interactions after inoculation with Abelson virus in vivo. Within 2 to 4 days after virus infection, the granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells from the bone marrow and spleen of the infected mice became insensitive to inhibition by LIA, even though colony morphology appeared normal. Shortly after, or simultaneously with, the detection of the colony-forming cell resistance phenomenon, LIA was found in bone marrow, spleen, and thymus cells. The abnormal interactions appeared to be related to induction of lymphoma in BALB/c neonates and to a lymphoproliferative disease in adult BALB/c mice. In contrast, normal cellular interactions were noted in adult C57BL/6 mice which were not susceptible to the Abelson disease after virus inoculation and in untreated neonatal and adult BALB/c and adult C57BL/6 mice. Their colony-forming cells were sensitive to inhibition by LIA, and no LIA was detected in their bone marrow, spleen, and thymus cells. The abnormal cellular interactions are similar to those noted in human leukemia, lymphoma, and "preleukemia." This suggests that Abelson virus-infected mice can serve as a model for the study of LIA interactions.
Rac1 Inhibits Apoptosis in Human Lymphoma Cells by Stimulating Bad Phosphorylation on Ser-75 (2004)

The small GTPase Rac1 has emerged as an important regulator of cell survival and apoptosis, but the mechanisms involved are not completely understood. In this report, constitutively active Rac1 is shown to stimulate the phosphorylation of the Bcl-2 family member Bad, thereby suppressing drug-induced caspase activation and apoptosis in human lymphoma cells. Rac1 activation leads to human Bad phosphorylation specifically at serine-75 (corresponding to murine serine-112) both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of constitutive and activated Rac1-induced Bad phosphorylation by a cell-permeable competitive peptide inhibitor representing this Bad phosphorylation site sensitizes lymphoma cells to drug-induced apoptosis. The data show further that endogenous protein kinase A is a primary catalyst of cellular Bad phosphorylation in response to Rac activation, while Akt is not involved. These findings define a mechanism by which active Rac1 promotes lymphoma cell survival and inhibits apoptosis in response to cancer chemotherapy drugs.
Effect of Green Gram Semolina (P haseolus aureus) on the Rheology, Nutrition, Microstructure and Quality Characteristics of High-Protein Pasta (2013)

Split green gram (Phaseolus aureus) was roller milled into semolina and was substituted at 20, 40, 60 and 80% levels in vermicelli making in this study. The ash and protein content increased in blends as the level of green gram semolina (GGS) increased. The quality characteristics of pasta showed marginal increase in cooking loss up to 60% level of GGS. The firmness value increased from 36.20 to 36.80 N with 20–60% GGS in pasta. At 80% level of GGS, the cooking loss and stickiness value were highest (7.8% and 0.80 N), whereas firmness value and overall quality score were lowest (32 N and 27.5/40.0), indicating that the pasta had mushy, indiscrete, sticky strands and had a prominent beany odor making it unacceptable. Hence, 60% GGS was considered optimum in vermicelli. The pasta made with 60% GGS had a protein and dietary fiber contents of 16 and 6%, respectively, with in vitro protein digestibility value of 62%. Practical Applications In India, pasta is becoming very popular and the consumption is increasing. Pasta is generally made from durum semolina, and the protein content is generally around 10–11%. To enrich the nutritive value of pasta, many ingredients are added out of which protein sources occupy an important place. Legumes are added in the powdered form to make high-protein pasta. This study aims at using roller mill for producing semolina from legume and its utilization in high-protein pasta. This offers lot of convenience to pasta industries as legume semolina can be made in large quantity.
SiC MOSFET with Integrated Zener Diode as an Asymmetric Bidirectional Voltage Clamp Between the Gate and Source for Overvoltage Protection (2019)

An integrated back-to-back SiC Zener diode is proposed and designed as an asymmetric bidirectional voltage clamp between the gate and source to protect the gate oxide of SiC MOSFET from the overvoltage stress. The leakage current of integrated SiC Zener diode is very low compared to conventional silicon poly Zener diode used for the same purpose and close to that of gate oxide, even at high temperatures. The pulsed current test shows that the overvoltage can be clamped by the integrated Zener and the characteristics of Zener integrated MOSFET did not degrade or change after continuous switching.
Soil NPK and Moisture analysis using Wireless Sensor Networks (2020)

Agriculture plays a vital role in the economic development of our country. Crop yield primarily depends on soil fertility and moisture level. Fertilizers are normally recommended based on the nutrient present in the soil. To recommend a suitable fertilizer level, the soil nutrient analysis is essential which is done mostly using laboratory techniques. Manual methods of measuring soil nutrients are time consuming. Many farmers refrain to perform soil testing in the laboratory and grow the same crop in the land continuously, hence soil loses its fertility. A system has been proposed to adopt precision agriculture using Wireless Sensor Networks, which enables remote monitoring of soil fertility and other parameters namely soil moisture, pH and temperature. This data is transmitted to the cloud and the corresponding values are displayed on a mobile application. The proposed Internet of things (IoT) based software system has the intelligence to recommend the quantity of water and fertilizer which improves the quality of the soil and ensures optimum growth of the crop.
Lanosterol Synthase in Dicotyledonous Plants (2006)

Sterols are important as structural components of plasma membranes and precursors of steroidal hormones in both animals and plants. Plant sterols show a wide structural variety and significant structural differences from those of animals. To elucidate the origin of structural diversity in plant sterols, their biosynthesis has been extensively studied [Benveniste (2004) Annu. Rev. Plant. Biol. 55: 429, Schaller (2004) Plant Physiol. Biochem. 42: 465]. The differences in the biosynthesis of sterols between plants and animals begin at the step of cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene, which is cyclized to lanosterol in animals and to cycloartenol in plants. However, here we show that plants also have the ability to synthesize lanosterol directly from 2,3-oxidosqualene, which may lead to a new pathway to plant sterols. The Arabidopsis gene At3g45130, designated LAS1, encodes a functional lanosterol synthase in plants. A phylogenetic tree showed that LAS1 belongs to the previously uncharacterized branch of oxidosqualene cyclases, which differs from the cycloartenol synthase branch. Panax PNZ on the same branch was also shown to be a lanosterol synthase in a yeast heterologous expression system. The higher diversity of plant sterols may require two biosynthetic routes in steroidal backbone formation.
Characterization of a Novel Series of D4 Dopamine Receptor Ligands Reveals Structure‐Activity Relationships for Selective Partial Agonists (2018)

D4 dopamine receptors (D4R) are G protein‐coupled receptors that play important roles in cognition, attention, and decision making. D4R ligands have been shown to alter cognition and behavior in animal models of drug addiction and variations in the DRD4 gene have been associated with novelty‐seeking and risk behavior, as well as ADHD. A better understanding of D4R‐mediated signaling is essential to understanding and treating D4R‐associated disorders, including substance abuse disorders. Despite its clinical implications, there are currently few compounds that selectively modulate the D4R receptor. Such compounds are important to study D4R function and identify favorable pharmacology for disease treatment. We created a small next‐generation compound library using computational modelling to design D4R ligands based on the parental scaffold of the prototypical D4R partial agonist A‐412997. This library was analyzed for D2R, D3R, and D4R activity using both agonist and antagonist radioligand competition binding assays and functional signaling readouts (β‐arrestin recruitment and cAMP inhibition). We found that substitutions on the piperidine and pyridine moieties, as well as modifications in linker length, led to several novel lead compounds with improved selectivity and potency, and varying degrees of agonist efficacy. Compounds were identified that displayed high binding affinity (&lt;100 nM) for the D4R coupled with a &gt;1000‐fold selectivity vs. the D3R and D2R. Importantly, these ligands displayed a range of agonist efficacies from highly efficacious partial agonists to full antagonists of the D4R. Interestingly, some compounds with similar binding affinities showed divergent functional efficacies, allowing for the generation of a preliminary structure‐activity relationship underlying functional efficacy. Further optimization may allow for directed tuning of functional efficacy that, when coupled to in vivo behavioral studies, may provide insight into the importance of relative efficacy levels as a means to treat D4R‐related disorders. Support or Funding Information NINDS IRP This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Direction finding with uniform circular arrays via phase mode excitation and beamspace root-MUSIC (1992)

Beamspace root-MUSIC is a computationally efficient, beamspace implementation of root-MUSIC developed recently for use in conjunction with a uniform linear array. Using B real-valued beams having all but B-1 nulls in common, the major computations in beamspace root-MUSIC are a B*B real-valued eigenvalue decomposition and the rooting of a polynomial of order B-1. Recently, beamspace root-MUSIC was adapted for use in conjunction with a uniform circular array (UCA) using the interpolated array concept of Friedlander. An alternative means of using beamspace root-MUSIC with a UCA based on the concept of phase mode excitation is developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Adenosine A2A receptors induced on iNKT and NK cells reduce pulmonary inflammation and injury in mice with sickle cell disease (2010)

We showed previously that pulmonary function and arterial oxygen saturation in NY1DD mice with sickle cell disease (SCD) are improved by depletion of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells or blockade of their activation. Here we demonstrate that SCD causes a 9- and 6-fold induction of adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R) mRNA in mouse pulmonary iNKT and natural killer (NK) cells, respectively. Treating SCD mice with the A(2A)R agonist ATL146e produced a dose-dependent reversal of pulmonary dysfunction with maximal efficacy at 10 ng/kg/minute that peaked within 3 days and persisted throughout 7 days of continuous infusion. Crossing NY1DD mice with Rag1(-/-) mice reduced pulmonary injury that was restored by adoptive transfer of 10(6) purified iNKT cells. Reconstituted injury was reversed by ATL146e unless the adoptively transferred iNKT cells were pretreated with the A(2A)R alkylating antagonist, FSPTP (5-amino-7-[2-(4-fluorosulfonyl)phenylethyl]-2-(2-furyl)-pryazolo[4,3-ε]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine), which completely prevented pro-tection. In NY1DD mice exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation, treatment with ATL146e at the start of reoxygenation prevented further lung injury. Together, these data indicate that activation of induced A(2A)Rs on iNKT and NK cells in SCD mice is sufficient to improve baseline pulmonary function and prevent hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced exacerbation of pulmonary injury. A(2A) agonists have promise for treating diseases associated with iNKT or NK cell activation.
Reduced Live Organism Recovery and Lack of Hydrosalpinx in Mice Infected with Plasmid-Free Chlamydia muridarum (2013)

Plasmid-free Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia muridarum fail to induce severe pathology. To evaluate whether the attenuated pathogenicity is due to insufficient infection or inability of the plasmidless chlamydial organisms to trigger pathological responses, we compared plasmid-competent and plasmid-free C. muridarum infections in 5 different strains of mice. All 5 strains developed hydrosalpinx following intravaginal inoculation with plasmid-competent, but not inoculation with plasmid-free, C. muridarum. The lack of hydrosalpinx induction by plasmid-free C. muridarum correlated with significantly reduced live organism recovery from the lower genital tract and shortened infection in the upper genital tract. The plasmid-free C. muridarum organisms failed to induce hydrosalpinx even when the organisms were directly inoculated into the oviduct via an intrabursal injection, which was accompanied by significantly reduced survival of the plasmidless organisms in the genital tracts. Furthermore, plasmid-competent C. muridarum organisms after UV inactivation were no longer able to induce hydrosalpinx even when directly delivered into the oviduct at a high dose. Together, these observations suggest that decreased survival of and shortened infection with plasmid-free C. muridarum may contribute significantly to its attenuated pathogenicity. We conclude that adequate live chlamydial infection in the oviduct may be necessary to induce hydrosalpinx.
Edge contacts to multilayer MoS<inf>2</inf> using in situ Ar ion beam (2017)

The dimensional scaling of transistors has been a continuous effort for decades. For devices at the sub-5 nm scale, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, including MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , show great promise for preserving electrostatic control and performance. Numerous studies have theoretically [1] and experimentally [2] investigated the effect of short channel and contact lengths on the MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> transistor performance. Though it has been recognized that edge contacts could drastically decrease contact resistance and improve performance of MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> FETs [1], no experimental work has demonstrated pure edge contacts to this layered semiconductor using in situ etching. In this work, we demonstrate partial and full edge-contacted multilayer MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> FETs by using an in situ Ar ion beam.
Energetic analysis of solder paste deposits as reference for soldering with selective heat (2012)

Strictly speaking standard reflow soldering processes are inefficient in terms of energy consumption. A large amount of energy is needed to heat up comparatively small solder joints. As a result the whole electronic assembly is stressed with heat, of which only a fraction is going into soldering. A reduction of process temperatures would improve this disproportion. To compensate for the resulting lack of energy, an exothermic reaction, releasing additional heat inside the solder paste deposits, could be applied. The potential of such a process has already been proven in earlier works [1], [5]. For the adjustment of such a sensitive process a better understanding of the energetic requirements for solder paste deposits in dependence of their size and temperature is required. In this work such results are generated by a practical measuring approach. Here, a chip resistor is used as a model to melt up particular solder joints through joule heating. The thermal energy is calculated by measuring electrical power over time.
Jungles and gardens: The Evolution of Knowledge Management at J.D. Edwards (2004)

Over a period of eight years, 1995-2003, J.D. Edwards evolved three innovative approaches to knowledge management (KM). The evolution in each started with a grass-roots team effort and grew to become an institutionalized enterprise application. With limited resources, J.D. Edwards has built a Global Web site Community, a sophisticated intranet/extranet (called the Knowledge Garden?), and a content management application (called Content Manager) that allows people to reuse multilingual technical documents, drawing them from a "single source" location. The evolution of these three projects is analyzed using a four-phase stage model and illustrates 12 lessons for others on how to more effectively plan an enterprise KM project, anticipate change, and set appropriate expectations. In the initiation stage, organizations need to identify and encourage an evangelist or champion to gain executive support and sponsorship. In the contagion stage, organizations need to establish content ownership and useful standards, and devise innovative ways of aligning the KM project with revenue generation. In the control stage, organizations need to anticipate the ongoing needs of updating the technologies and improving the governance processes. Finally, in the integration stage, organizations need to find a unifying vision and use techniques that will institutionalize knowledge management. The impact of these enterprise content management initiatives at J.D. Edwards has been considerable. Early ROI studies on the Knowledge Garden indicated an 1811% return, totaling $5 million annually in saved time and reduced paper costs. Content Manager, with a 270% ROI the first year, has been a consistent revenue driver, delivering over $7 million to the bottom line by early 2003Â¨C-and an additional $7.5 million from the Web-based training tool and courseware. By February 2002, jdedwards.com was driving over $10 million worth of pipeline leads.
Channel estimation algorithm based on chaotic signals and artificial neural networks (2003)

Two new chaotic based coding and decoding methods are introduced and discussed. Channel estimation is evaluated when chaotic coded sequences are employed. A speech transmission scenario using chaotic coded speech is considered and channel estimation is carried out. The results show that a modelling misadjustment improvement of 24 dB/100 iterations is achievable. This represents a 6 fold improvement compared to LMS adaptation for a 128 tap digital adaptive filter using a white noise process.
Modeling of short, single-frequency, fiber lasers in high-gain fiber (1993)

Grating gain must be accounted for when designing single-frequency fiber lasers which utilize intracore, erbium-doped, Bragg reflectors for cavity feedback, and mode selectivity. A closed-form solution, derived through coupled mode theory for the spectral reflectivity of an intracore Bragg phase grating in an amplifying fiber is derived and applied to the design of single-mode fiber lasers. Both analytical and experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Next-generation RNA sequencing elucidates transcriptomic signatures of pathophysiologic nerve regeneration (2023)

The cellular and molecular underpinnings of Wallerian degeneration have been robustly explored in laboratory models of successful nerve regeneration. In contrast, there is limited interrogation of failed regeneration, which is the challenge facing clinical practice. Specifically, we lack insight on the pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to the formation of neuromas-in-continuity (NIC). To address this knowledge gap, we have developed and validated a novel basic science model of rapid-stretch nerve injury, which provides a biofidelic injury with NIC development and incomplete neurologic recovery. In this study, we applied next-generation RNA sequencing to elucidate the temporal transcriptional landscape of pathophysiologic nerve regeneration. To corroborate genetic analysis, nerves were subject to immunofluorescent staining for transcripts representative of the prominent biological pathways identified. Pathophysiologic nerve regeneration produces substantially altered genetic profiles both temporally and in the mature neuroma microenvironment, in contrast to the coordinated genetic signatures of Wallerian degeneration and successful regeneration. To our knowledge, this study presents as the first transcriptional study of NIC pathophysiology and has identified cellular death, fibrosis, neurodegeneration, metabolism, and unresolved inflammatory signatures that diverge from pathways elaborated by traditional models of successful nerve regeneration.
Inflammatory properties of peptidoglycan are decreased after degradation by human N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase. (1997)

Human N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase (EC 3.5.1.28) degrades peptidoglycan, a major component of bacterial cell walls with potent pro-inflammatory cytokine-inducing properties. We postulate that degradation of peptidoglycan by N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase is important for the inactivation of inflammatory peptidoglycan products in human tissues. The inflammatory activities of peptidoglycan digested by lysozyme and/or amidase were investigated using two properties of peptidoglycan: its capacity to induce the release of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in vivo and in vitro and its capacity to induce arthritis in Lewis rats. The results show that after subsequent treatment with both lysozyme and amidase, the peptidoglycan products were unable to induce arthritis in Lewis rats. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice after intravenous injection of cell wall fragments was lower after in vitro degradation of the cell wall fragments by amidase. These in vivo results were confirmed with whole blood assays in which the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured after stimulation with lysozyme- and amidase-treated peptidoglycan. The results show that human N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase possesses an enzymatic activity capable of inactivating inflammatory peptidoglycan by lowering its cytokine-inducing properties.
A Double Anchored (DD) steel fiber for shotcrete (2020)

Given the high deformability requirements in shotcrete in repair, rehabilitation, slope stabilization, ground support and other applications, the use of fibers in shotcrete is growing. Growing also are challenges surrounding the use of fibers in shotcrete not the least of which are a high fiber rebound in the dry process, lack of standardized test techniques and a poor understanding of reinforcement mechanisms. In the context of rebound, unfortunately, the requirements for a low rebound often clash with the requirements for a high material toughness. This paper describes a new fiber developed at the University of British Columbia where a rational balance was sought between the conflicting requirements of rebound reduction and a high material toughness. The new fiber is based on a double anchoring principle and is optimized for both reduced rebound as well as a high toughness in hardened shotcrete.