gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
R3L: Connecting Deep Reinforcement Learning To Recurrent Neural Networks For Image Denoising Via Residual Recovery (2021)

State-of-the-art image denoisers exploit various types of deep neural networks via deterministic training. Alternatively, very recent works utilize deep reinforcement learning for restoring images with diverse or unknown corruptions. Though deep reinforcement learning can generate effective policy networks for operator selection or architecture search in image restoration, how it is connected to the classic deterministic training in solving inverse problems remains unclear. In this work, we propose a novel image denoising scheme via Residual Recovery using Reinforcement Learning, dubbed R3L. We show that R3L is equivalent to a deep recurrent neural network that is trained using a stochastic reward, in contrast to many popular denoisers using supervised learning with deterministic losses. To benchmark the effectiveness of reinforcement learning in R3L, we train a recurrent neural network with the same architecture for residual recovery using the deterministic loss, thus to analyze how the two different training strategies affect the denoising performance. With such a unified benchmarking system, we demonstrate that the proposed R3L has better generalizability and robustness in image denoising when the estimated noise level varies, comparing to its counterparts using deterministic training, as well as various state-of the-art image denoising algorithms.
Getting Pumped Up on the Ideal Gas Law (2002)

An experiment is described in which the pressure P and the number of moles n of a gas are varied. Using common materials, the student can verify that P is proportional to n when the volume and temperature are held constant.
THE RE-WORKING OF LA NOUVELLE HÉLOÏSE IN GENLIS'S MADEMOISELLE DE CLERMONT (2000)

Journal Article THE RE-WORKING OF LA NOUVELLE HÉLOÏSE IN GENLIS'S MADEMOISELLE DE CLERMONT Get access JUDITH STILL JUDITH STILL Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies Bulletin, Volume 21, Issue 77, WINTER 2000, Pages 7–11, https://doi.org/10.1093/frebul/21.77.7 Published: 01 December 2000
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of o‐Aminothiophenol, Guanidine, Thiourea, Hydrazine Hydrate and Hydroxylamine with Acryloylthiazoles and Microbial Activities of the Reaction Products. (1986)

Abstract The thiazoles (III) react with a series of amino compounds to yield the heterocycles indicated in the scheme.
Altered Amino Acid Levels in Multiply Affected Sibships with Seizures (1985)

Evidence of genetic factors in seizure disorders by examination of plasma amino acid concentrations in multiply affected sibships was investigated. The strategy of multiply affected sibship ascertainment was used to reduce heterogeneity as one of several potential sources of variation in quantitative amino acid levels. Our results do not support previously reported increases in plasma taurine, aspartic acid, or glutamic acid in seizure patients. However, we do find that multiply affected sibships have significantly elevated plasma concentrations of arginine and asparagine, and significantly decreased ornithine. These amino acid concentrations may be under quantitative genetic control. Within-sibship comparisons indicate that seizure patients have increased glutamine and decreased lysine and phenylalanine, possibly secondary to the seizures. We also find that anticonvulsant use complicates statistical analyses. Further studies to more clearly delineate the genetics of plasma amino acid concentrations (or other quantitative metabolic measures) and their role in seizure disorders are required and will benefit from the use of a homogeneous sampling strategy.
Excited-state properties of a diplatinum(II) complex under high pressure (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExcited-state properties of a diplatinum(II) complex under high pressureTakashi Hiraga, Tatsuya Uchida, Noboru Kitamura, Haeng Boo Kim, Shigeo Tazuke, and Takehiko YagiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 19, 7466–7469Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00201a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00201a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New technology applications: Knotless barbed suture for tracheal resection anastomosis (2012)

Tracheal anastomosis with running v-loc suture is a feasible alternative to conventional closure with interrupted Vicryl suture. V-loc suture provided a surgical advantage by improved ease of use.
Genetic Ablation of PKC Epsilon Inhibits Prostate Cancer Development and Metastasis in Transgenic Mouse Model of Prostate Adenocarcinoma (2011)

Protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε), a novel PKC isoform, is overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and correlates with disease aggressiveness. However, the functional contribution of PKCε to development or progression of PCa remained to be determined. Here we present the first in vivo genetic evidence that PKCε is essential for both the development and metastasis of PCa in the transgenic mouse model of prostate adenocarcinoma (TRAMP). Heterozygous or homozygous genetic deletions of PKCε in FVB/N TRAMP inhibited PCa development and metastasis as analyzed by positron emission tomography/computed tomography, tumor weight determinations, and histopathology. We also examined biomarkers associated with tumor progression in this model, including markers of survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastatic progression. To find clues about the genes regulated by PKCε and linked to the Stat3 signaling pathway, we carried out focused PCR arrays of JAK/STAT signaling in excised PCa tissues from PKCε wild-type and nullizygous TRAMP mice. Notably, PKCε loss was associated with significant downregulation of proliferative and metastatic genes C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β), CRP (C-reactive protein), CMK, EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), CD64, Jun B, and gp130. Taken together, our findings offer the first genetic evidence of the role of PKCε in PCa development and metastasis. PKCε may be potential target for prevention and/or treatment of PCa.
Outer membrane proteins of Pseudomonas (1990)

In this review, we describe the outer membrane proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and related strains from the Pseudomonas fluorescens rRNA homology group of the Pseudomonadaceae, with emphasis on the physiological function and biochemical characteristics of these proteins. The use of opr (for outer membrane protein) is proposed as the genetic designation for the P. aeruginosa outer membrane proteins and letters are assigned, in conjunction with this designation, to known outer membrane proteins. Proteins whose primary functions involve pore formation, transport of specific substrates, cell structure determination and membrane stabilization are discussed. The conservation of selected proteins in the above Pseudomonas species is also examined.
A 4 Mb NAND EEPROM with tight programmed V/sub t/ distribution (1991)

Described is a 5-V-only 4-Mb (512K*8 b) NAND EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable ROM) with tight programmed threshold voltage (V/sub t/) distribution, controlled by a novel program-verify technique. A tight programmed V/sub t/ distribution width of 0.8 V for the 4 Mb cell array is achieved. By introducing a compact row-decoder circuit, a die size of 7.28 mm*15.31 mm is achieved using 1.0 mu m design rules. A unique twin p-well structure has made it possible to realize low-power 5 V-only erase/program operation easily and to achieve 100 K-cycle endurance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of Fatty Acids, Fatty Amines and Propylene Glycol on Rat Stratum Corneum Lipids and Proteins in Vitro Measured by Fourier Transform Infrared/Attenuated Total Reflection(FT-IR/ATR) Spectroscopy. (1992)

Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflection (FT-IR/ATR) spectroscopy was used to examine the effect of fatty acids, fatty amines and propylene glycol (PG) on the molecular mobility of rat stratum corneum lipids and keratinized proteins, using a hydrophobic solute, indomethacin, and a polar solute, 5- and 6-carboxyfluorescein (CF). Treatment of the skin with either oleic acid or oleylamine resulted in significant CH2 C-H asymmetric stretching band shifts and broadening. The extent of spectral alteration varied with the chemical structure of the penetrant. The penetrants increased the lipophilic indomethacin flux and shortened the lag times through the skin in vitro. The plot of frequency changes vs. indomethacin flux or lag time demonstrated a linear relationship, thus indicating that spectral alteration in CH2 C-H stretching regions of stratum corneum lipids may provide a reliable index for characterizing penetrants. The data also showed that the hydrophilic group which attached to the CH2 group in the penetrant molecules did not play a part in the membrane permeability enhancing action. Oleic acid and oleylamine appeared to induce a conformational alteration of the keratinized proteins from alpha-helix to beta sheet. Such alteration was also observed with PG treatment. Accumulation of CF was significantly increased by the PG pretreatment of the skin, thus suggesting that PG-induced protein conformational changes could be related to the enhancement of CF accumulation.
Benefits of Integrating Meta Data into a Context Model (2005)

Meta data - data about data - improves the value of the operational data by giving applications and users additional information on the data's origin, its precision or staleness. We outline the benefits of modeling meta data in context models: it can be used for resource finding, enhanced data selection, trust and data quality issues and sensor fusion. We show how meta data included into an object-based context model influences the data modeling and the selection process in the query language. Finally, we describe our implementation of the presented functionality in the Nexus platform
Suppression of ACE2 SUMOylation protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection through TOLLIP-mediated selective autophagy (2022)

In addition to investigating the virology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), discovering the host-virus dependencies are essential to identify and design effective antiviral therapy strategy. Here, we report that the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, ACE2, conjugates with small ubiquitin-like modifier 3 (SUMO3) and provide evidence indicating that prevention of ACE2 SUMOylation can block SARS-CoV-2 infection. E3 SUMO ligase PIAS4 prompts the SUMOylation and stabilization of ACE2, whereas deSUMOylation enzyme SENP3 reverses this process. Conjugation of SUMO3 with ACE2 at lysine (K) 187 hampers the K48-linked ubiquitination of ACE2, thus suppressing its subsequent cargo receptor TOLLIP-dependent autophagic degradation. TOLLIP deficiency results in the stabilization of ACE2 and elevated SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, our findings suggest selective autophagic degradation of ACE2 orchestrated by SUMOylation and ubiquitination as a potential way to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Design of adiabatic TSV, SWCNT TSV, and Air-Gap Coaxial TSV (2015)

High performance three-dimensional (3D) through silicon via (TSV) interconnects are important for reliability, choice of the filler material is also a critical issue as thermal incompatibility, electromigration, and high resistivity are still a bottleneck. In this paper, single wall carbon nanotube (SW-CNT) bundles as a prospective filler material for TSV are investigated compared to conventional filler materials like Cu, W, and poly-silicon. It is found that SW-CNT bundles exhibit unique electrical, thermal, and mechanical characteristics that can be used to fabricate better TSV interconnects. Moreover, performance comparison between Air-Gap Based Coaxial TSV and conventional circular TSV are presented. The comparison shows that the air-gap TSVs reduce the overall parasitic capacitance and the overall energy loss compared to the conventional circular TSV or conventional coaxial TSV. In addition, TSV-based ADIABATIC logic based on the adiabatic switching principle is presented and analyzed. ADIABATIC logic is a design technique for minimizing the energy dissipation. Its major limitation is the requirement for passive components, which cannot be efficiently integrated into current generation ICs. TSV-based 3D heterogeneous integration may enable efficient integration of these passive elements, which were not practically feasible in the past due to technology limitations.
Psycho-visual evaluation of image quality attributes in digital pathology slides viewed on a medical color LCD display (2013)

We investigate the effects of common types of image manipulation and image degradation on the perceived image quality (IQ) of digital pathology slides. The reference images in our study were digital images of animal pathology samples (gastric fundic glands of a dog and liver of a foal) stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The following 5 types of artificial manipulations were applied to the images, each very subtle (though visually discernible) and always one at a time: blurring, gamma modification, adding noise, change in color saturation, and JPG compression. Three groups of subjects: pathology experts (PE), pathology students (PS) and imaging experts (IE), assessed 6 IQ attributes in 72 single-stimulus trials. The following perceptual IQ attribute ratings were collected: overall IQ, blur disturbance, quality of contrast, noise disturbance, and quality of color saturation. Our results indicate that IQ ratings vary quite significantly with expertise, especially, PE and IE tend to judge IQ according to different criteria. In particular, IE seem notably more sensitive to noise than PE who, on the other side, tend to be sensitive to manipulations in color and gamma parameters. It remains an important question for future research to examine the impact of IQ on the diagnostic performance of PE. That should support our present findings in suggesting directions for further development of the numerical IQ metrics for digital pathology data.
Coronavirus infections in working adults. Eight-year study with 229 E and OC 43. (1972)

Respiratory infections due to coronaviruses 229 E and OC 43 in insurance company employees occurred almost exclusively in the winter and spring. Four per cent of all colds and 8 per cent of winter and spring colds were serologically related to infection with one of the two viruses. Studies of a group of families of employees showed that the prevalence of antibodies to 229 E and OC 43 increased with age. The infection rate for both coronaviruses in employees observed for one year or longer was 14.5 infections per 100 persons per year, and approximately one·third were reinfections rather than primary infections. Reinfections were commonly associated with respira· tory symptoms. Colds associated with coronavirus 229 E were mild and nasal symptoms were pre· dominant. Infections due to OC 43 coronavirus were associated with cough and pharyngitis as well as coryzal symptoms.
One-step production of multiple emulsions: microfluidic, polymer-stabilized and particle-stabilized approaches (2015)

Multiple emulsions have great potential for application in food science as a means to reduce fat content or for controlled encapsulation and release of actives. However, neither production nor stability is straightforward. Typically, multiple emulsions are prepared via two emulsification steps and a variety of approaches have been deployed to give long-term stability. It is well known that multiple emulsions can be prepared in a single step by harnessing emulsion inversion, although the resulting emulsions are usually short lived. Recently, several contrasting methods have been demonstrated which give rise to stable multiple emulsions via one-step production processes. Here we review the current state of microfluidic, polymer-stabilized and particle-stabilized approaches; these rely on phase separation, the role of electrolyte and the trapping of solvent with particles respectively.
Anti-aging efficacy of solid-state fermented ginseng with Aspergillus cristatus and its active metabolites (2022)

<i>Aspergillus cristatus</i> is a beneficial fungus of microbial fermented teas such as China's Fuzhuan brick tea and Pu-erh tea, and is commonly called golden flower fungus (GFF) because its cleistothecium has a yellow millet or sand grain shape. Since natural materials fermented with GFF exhibit various physiological activities, a new active cosmeceutical ingredient was developed by solid-state fermentation of ginseng, a famous active material for healthy skin, with GFF. The extract of solid-state fermented ginseng with GFF (GFFG) exhibited potent anti-aging efficacy on the skin such as the increase of hyaluronic acid synthesis, aquaporin expression, and mRNA level of filaggrin in HaCaT keratinocyte. GFFG also inhibited the expression of MMP-1 increased by TNF-α in human dermal fibroblast. Sophisticated chromatographic and spectroscopic studies have elucidated isodihydroauroglaucin and flavoglaucin as the metabolites which were not present in ginseng extract nor GFF extract alone. Bioassay of these metabolites revealed that these compounds were part of active principles of GFFG. These results suggest that GFFG would be a potential active ingredient in anti-aging cosmeceutical products.
Optimum design of horn feeds for reflector antennas (1974)

A method of determining the optimum dimensions of a horn feed for a parabolic reflector using the power transferred to the feed as a criterion is described. To reduce the computation time, the focal plane and feed-horn aperture field distributions were expanded into finite power series whose coefficients were determined using collocation techniques. The paper extends previous work to include horns with flare angles greater than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10\deg</tex> and contains useful design curves.
The Arabidopsis RNA Polymerase II Carboxyl Terminal Domain (CTD) Phosphatase-Like1 (CPL1) is a biotic stress susceptibility gene (2018)

Crop breeding for improved disease resistance may be achieved through the manipulation of host susceptibility genes. Previously we identified multiple Arabidopsis mutants known as enhanced stress response1 (esr1) that have defects in a KH-domain RNA-binding protein and conferred increased resistance to the root fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Here, screening the same mutagenized population we discovered two further enhanced stress response mutants that also conferred enhanced resistance to F. oxysporum. These mutants also have enhanced resistance to a leaf fungal pathogen (Alternaria brassicicola) and an aphid pest (Myzus persicae), but not to the bacterial leaf pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. The causal alleles in these mutants were found to have defects in the ESR1 interacting protein partner RNA Polymerase II Carboxyl Terminal Domain (CTD) Phosphatase-Like1 (CPL1) and subsequently given the allele symbols cpl1-7 and cpl1-8. These results define a new role for CPL1 as a pathogen and pest susceptibility gene. Global transcriptome analysis and oxidative stress assays showed these cpl1 mutants have increased tolerance to oxidative stress. In particular, components of biotic stress responsive pathways were enriched in cpl1 over wild-type up-regulated gene expression datasets including genes related to defence, heat shock proteins and oxidative stress/redox state processes.
Initiation and progression of chronic myelogenous leukemia. (1992)

Different aspects related to initiation of chronic myelogenous leukemia by the t(9;22) translocation and progression of the disease were investigated. Computer search indicated that the repeat within BCR exon I has significant sequence homology to the long terminal repeats of three retroviruses, to two transposons and to the Alu family. This raises the possibility that the BCR repeat is involved in the t(9;22) as well as in generation of the BCR-related loci. Possible involvement of the p53 gene in clinical transition to acute phase was studied. In six patients and cell lines where one allele of the gene was deleted, the other allele was inactivated by loss of transcription, point mutation or rearrangement. The majority of patients, however, have both p53 alleles; detailed analysis of the p53 gene in several of them indicated normal transcription and amino acid sequence.
L-band fiber laser with wide tuning range based on dual-wavelength optical bistability in linear overlapping grating cavities (2003)

A new mechanism to tune an erbium-doped fiber laser in the L-band is presented. The technique is based on the dual-wavelength bistability in overlapping linear cavities, which allows two lasing lines to be switched from one to another by a triggering pulse superimposed to the dc bias current applied to the pump source. The two wavelengths can be independently tuned to give the laser a total tuning range of 33 nm that covers the whole L-band, while the tuning range of either of the tunable fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) used is only half of that range. An output dynamic range of 7 dB, and a maximum output power of up to 11 dBm with high optical signal-to-noise ratios are obtained. A study of the switching transient responses shows that the typical switching time is about 4 to 12 ms, depending on the dc bias current applied to the pump source. Moreover, our wide tuning technique is implemented by only applying ordinary commercial tunable FBGs which normally would have given rise to only about half of the tuning range; no additional filtering mechanisms are required to achieve almost uniform outputs.