gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Flora from Internal Organs of Broiler and Their Antibiogram Studies (2013)

The present research work was carried out for the isolation and identification of bacterial flora from internal organs of broiler during the period from January 2012 to June 2012. Ten Hubbard classic broiler bird were purchased from retail market in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The birds were sacrificed and their liver, lung, esophagus, duodenum and tracheal swab samples were collected (n=50). Using standard bacteriological techniques, Escherichia coli was isolated from 26 (52%) samples. Similarly, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., and Pasteurella spp. were isolated from 15 (30%), 10 (20%), 9 (18%) and 4 (8%) samples, respectively. On the basis of individual sample type, E. coli could be isolated from 8 (80%) duodenum samples being the most prevalent organism. On the other hand, Salmonella spp., Staphylococci spp., Bacillus spp. and Pasteurella spp. were identified in 5 (50%) lungs, 5 (50%) liver, 4 (40%) duodenum and 2 (20%) lungs samples, respectively. Among these isolated bacteria, E. coli was found to be pathogenic for mice. Antibiogram studies revealed that Ciprofloxacin was highly sensitive against all the isolated bacteria. Diversified bacterial species are prevalent in broiler. However, E. coli and Salmonella spp. infection might make the bird vulnerable for easy access of infection. Proper vaccination and use of selective antibiotics are crucial in protecting broilers from these pathogens. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v1i2.14094 Microbes and Health, 2012 1(2): 72-75
Understanding Computer Security (2014)

Few things in society and everyday life have changed in the last 10 years as much as the concept of security. From bank robberies to wars, what used to imply a great deal of violence is now silently happening on the Internet. Perhaps more strikingly, the very idea of privacy – a concept closely related to that of individual freedom – is undergoing such a profound revolution that people are suddenly unable to make rational and informed decisions: we protested for the introduction of RFID tags (Kelly and Erickson, 2005; Lee and Kim, 2006) and now we throw away en-masse most of our private information by subscribing to services (social media, free apps, cloud services), which have their reason of existence in the commerce of intimate personal data. The ICT revolution has changed the game, and the security paradigms that were suitable for people and systems just up to 10 years ago are now obsolete. It looks like we do not know what to replace them with. As of today, we keep patching systems but we do not understand how to make them reasonably secure (Rice, 2007); perhaps more importantly, we do not understand what reasonable privacy guarantees are for human beings, let alone how to enforce them. We do not understand how to combine accountability and freedom in this new world, in which firewalls and digital perimeters cannot guarantee security and privacy any longer. We believe that the root of the challenge that we face is understanding security and how information technology can enable and support such an understanding. And just like security is a broad, multidisciplinary topic covering technical as well as non-technical issues, the challenge of understanding security is a multifaceted one, spanning across a myriad of noteworthy topics. Here, we mention just three that we consider particularly important.
Tree squirrel hepatitis B virus: antigenic and structural characterization. (1986)

Tree squirrel hepatitis B virus (THBV)-associated particles isolated from the livers of naturally infected animals share one or more antigenic determinants with hepatitis B surface antigen in solid-phase immunoassays. Characterization of THBV-associated polypeptides by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reproducibly demonstrated major components with apparent sizes of 15.5 and 17 kDa. Peptide mapping of these components shows that they are related to the peptide maps of the major surface antigen polypeptides associated with hepatitis B virus and like viruses. Sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel analysis also demonstrated discrete bands at 14.5, 19, 20, and 35 kDa. Upon blotting of THBV-associated polypeptides with sera containing antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen or hepatitis B X antigen, only the 35-kDa band became detectable, suggesting that this component is core related. These results establish the presence of both surface and core antigen-related polypeptides associated with purified THBV and better define the relationship of THBV to the family of hepatitis B virus and like viruses.
Instant loading for main memory databases (2013)

eScience and big data analytics applications are facing the challenge of efficiently evaluating complex queries over vast amounts of structured text data archived in network storage solutions. To analyze such data in traditional disk-based database systems, it needs to be bulk loaded, an operation whose performance largely depends on the wire speed of the data source and the speed of the data sink, i.e., the disk. As the speed of network adapters and disks has stagnated in the past, loading has become a major bottleneck. The delays it is causing are now ubiquitous as text formats are a preferred storage format for reasons of portability. But the game has changed: Ever increasing main memory capacities have fostered the development of in-memory database systems and very fast network infrastructures are on the verge of becoming economical. While hardware limitations for fast loading have disappeared, current approaches for main memory databases fail to saturate the now available wire speeds of tens of Gbit/s. With Instant Loading, we contribute a novel CSV loading approach that allows scalable bulk loading at wire speed. This is achieved by optimizing all phases of loading for modern super-scalar multi-core CPUs. Large main memory capacities and Instant Loading thereby facilitate a very efficient data staging processing model consisting of instantaneous load-work-unload cycles across data archives on a single node. Once data is loaded, updates and queries are efficiently processed with the flexibility, security, and high performance of relational main memory databases.
Three parallel programming paradigms: comparisons on an archetypal PDE computation (2001)

Three paradigms for distributed-memory parallel computation that free application programmer from details of message passing are compared for an archetypal structured scientific computation -- a nonlinear, structured-grid partial differential equation boundary value problem -- using same algorithm on same hardware. All of paradigms -- parallel languages represented by Portland Group's HPF, (semi-)automated serial-to-parallel source-to-source translation represented by CAP-Tools from University of Greenwich, and parallel libraries represented by Argonne's PETSc -- are found to be easy to use for this problem class, and all are reasonably effective in exploiting concurrency after a short learning curve. The level of involvement required by application programmer under any paradigm includes specification of data partitioning, corresponding to a geometrically simple decomposition of domain of PDE. Programming in SPMD style for PETSc library requires writing only routines that discretize PDE and its Jacobian, managing subdomain-to-processor mappings (affine global-to-local index mappings), and interfacing to library solver routines. Programming for HPF requires a complete sequential implementation of same algorithm as a starting point, introduction of concurrency through subdomain blocking (a task similar to index mapping), and modest experimentation with rewriting loops to elucidate to compiler latent concurrency. Programming with CAPTools involves feeding same sequential implementation to CAPTools interactive parallelization system, and guiding source-to-source code transformation by responding to various queries about quantities knowable only at runtime. Results representative of the state of practice for a scaled sequence of structured grid problems are given on three of most important contemporary high-performance platforms: IBM SP, SGI Origin 2000, and CRAYY T3E.
Micro heat exchangers (1995)

Micro heat exchangers were designed, fabricated, and tested. Two types of heat exchangers were studied: those consisting of uniform channels and those consisting of pin arrays. The operational characteristics of the heat exchangers were evaluated using both analyses and three-dimensional, numerical simulations. In particular, the thermal resistance was computed as a function of various geometric parameters and flow conditions. The geometric dimensions which minimize the thermal resistance under given operational constraints such as pressure drop were identified. In the first part of the thesis, the generalized, conjugate Graetz problem with axial conduction was investigated. The analysis led to a nonlinear eigenvalue problem. Quasi-analytic solutions were generated, and the various observations were made on the mathematical properties of the eigenvalues. The role of axial conduction on the heat transfer process was clarified. The quasi-analytic solutions were used later as benchmarks to verify numerical coded. Then, using the SIMPLER procedure, the conjugate heat transfer problem was solved for uniform channel and pin array heat exchangers. The performance of these two types of heat exchangers was compared. For the special case of microchannels operating with liquid nitrogen, a simple analytic model was developed. The model allows one to easily predict the optimal dimensions of the heat exchanger. Microfabrication techniques were developed and samples of micro heat exchangers were fabricated on silicon wafers. An experimental procedure was developed and preliminary experiments were conducted to test the heat exchanger performance. The results of the measurements were compared with theoretical predictions. Finally, means of controlling the structure of the flow in channels were investigated theoretically. The feedback control system sensed the deviations of the wall shear from their laminar values and directed actuators to impose velocity normal to the solid boundary in such a way as to amplify or suppress naturally occurring disturbances in the fluid. The control system was capable of advancing and delaying the loss of stability of the planar Poiseuille flow.
Interference andDistortion inPulsed Ultra Wideband Receivers (2006)

Inthispapertheeffects ofnarrowband interferer signals on a pulsedUltraWideband(UWB) receiver aredetermined. Starting fromtheEIRP limits imposed bytheFCC,thelinkbudget ofanUWB transceiver systeminthe0-960MHzUWB bandisexaminedand illustrated withnumerical examples. The influence of nonlinearities intheanalogreceiver frontendandtheir impacton thereceiver performance arepointed out. Simulations showthattheapplication ofa lownoise amplifier (LNA)isnotbeneficial inmoderatetohigh inferferer environments. Moreover, theLNA will reduce the errorperformance insuchsituations. Itisthegoalofthis worktodetermine atwhichinterferer levels theLNA should beremovedfromthereceiver chain. Thecorrelator circuit introduced inthisworkisdesigned towithstand such extremeinterferer conditions, whichis provenby measurement results. IndexTerms distortion, interference, UWB, ultra- wideband.
Enhanced coercivity in thermally processed (Nd,Dy)(Fe,Co,Nb,B)5.5∕α-Fe nanoscale multilayer magnets (2005)

Structural and magnetic properties of laminated (Nd,Dy)(Fe,Co,Nb,B)5.5∕Fe nanocomposites are investigated. Normally, the addition of the soft phase to the hard phase enhances the remanence but deteriorates the permanent-magnet performance of the material by reducing the coercivity. In the present system, the coercivity increases to 1608kA∕m (20.2kOe) in thermally processed Nd–Dy–Fe–Co–Nb–B(15nm)∕Fe(4nm) multilayered nanocomposites, which is higher than that of the single-layer hard-magnetic film. The abnormally high coercivity is achieved by annealing at relatively high temperature, which breaks the laminated structure of the as-deposited multilayer. A likely physical explanation of the enhanced coercivity is the introduction of the domain-wall pinning sites that counteract the inevitable decrease of the nucleation field.
Pre-Processing of SPECT Projection Data: Benefits and Pitfalls (2006)

The Pixon method, a statistically rigorous procedure for adaptive noise suppression that avoids the generation of spurious artifacts yet preserves all the statistically justifiable image features resident in the raw counts, is applied to nuclear studies. The present work focuses on the denoising of projection data at various count levels for subsequent SPECT iterative reconstructions, where each projection is denoised independently. The pitfall of applying such preprocessing to projection images is that tomographic information could be lost, resulting in the loss of weak or small sources. The goal is to investigate the benefits and pitfalls of noise suppression of projection data on the resulting reconstruction, with the ultimate goals to (i) increase sensitivity for detection of lesions of small size and/or of small activity-to-background ratio, (ii) reduce data acquisition time, and (iii) reduce patient dose. We use simulated and measured data and human observer studies, which are analyzed using quantitative measures. An accurate reconstruction at reduced counts using view-independent, noise-reduced projection images can result in significant gain in detectability based on simple SNR measures, but only minor improvements as tested with human observers. At the same time, conservative denoising of the projections results in the loss of small and weak sources, particularly cold lesions. Further analysis and clinical feedback may be warranted, yet it seems that such an approach contains serious pitfalls, likely outweighing the benefits.
ChemInform Abstract: AMINO‐ UND DIENAMINO‐DERIVATE AUS ADRENOCORTICOSTEROIDEN UND HETEROCYCLISCHEN BASEN (1972)

Abstract Pyrrolidin (II) reagiert mit den Corticosteroiden (I) in Benzol zu den Diendiaminen (III) (20‐40% Ausbeute).
The role of P2X7 purinergic receptors in inflammatory and nociceptive changes accompanying cyclophosphamide‐induced haemorrhagic cystitis in mice (2011)

P2X7 receptors were significantly involved in a model of HC induced by cyclophosphamide. Pharmacological inhibition of these receptors might represent a new therapeutic option for this pathological condition.
Postmortem Neocortical 3H-PiB Binding and Levels of Unmodified and Pyroglutamate Aβ in Down Syndrome and Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have a genetic predisposition for amyloid-β (Aβ) overproduction and earlier onset of Aβ deposits compared to patients with sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Positron emission tomography (PET) with Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB) detects fibrillar Aβ pathology in living people with DS and AD, but its relationship with heterogeneous Aβ forms aggregated within amyloid deposits is not well understood. We performed quantitative <i>in vitro</i> <sup>3</sup>H-PiB binding assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of fibrillar (insoluble) unmodified Aβ40 and Aβ42 forms and <i>N</i>-terminus truncated and pyroglutamate-modified AβNpE3-40 and AβNpE3-42 forms in postmortem frontal cortex and precuneus samples from 18 DS cases aged 43-63 years and 17 late-onset AD cases aged 62-99 years. Both diagnostic groups had frequent neocortical neuritic plaques, while the DS group had more severe vascular amyloid pathology (cerebral amyloid angiopathy, CAA). Compared to the AD group, the DS group had higher levels of Aβ40 and AβNpE3-40, while the two groups did not differ by Aβ42 and AβNpE3-42 levels. This resulted in lower ratios of Aβ42/Aβ40 and AβNpE3-42/AβNpE3-40 in the DS group compared to the AD group. Correlations of Aβ42/Aβ40 and AβNpE3-42/AβNpE3-40 ratios with CAA severity were strong in DS cases and weak in AD cases. Pyroglutamate-modified Aβ levels were lower than unmodified Aβ levels in both diagnostic groups, but within group proportions of both pyroglutamate-modified Aβ forms relative to both unmodified Aβ forms were lower in the DS group but not in the AD group. The two diagnostic groups did not differ by <sup>3</sup>H-PiB binding levels. These results demonstrate that compared to late-onset AD cases, adult DS individuals with similar severity of neocortical neuritic plaques and greater CAA pathology have a preponderance of both pyroglutamate-modified AβNpE3-40 and unmodified Aβ40 forms. Despite the distinct molecular profile of Aβ forms and greater vascular amyloidosis in DS cases, cortical <sup>3</sup>H-PiB binding does not distinguish between diagnostic groups that are at an advanced level of amyloid plaque pathology. This underscores the need for the development of CAA-selective PET radiopharmaceuticals to detect and track the progression of cerebral vascular amyloid deposits in relation to Aβ plaques in individuals with DS.
Calculation of 3D capacitances of wires with hybrid MoM/MAS approach (2004)

In car related EMC problems, it is important to estimate radiation from, or coupling into, the cable harness, which comprises of a large number of wires located in close proximity. When wires are considered, decreasing the length of a wire segment does not improve accuracy if any other object is located extremely close to the surface of the wire. In this case, charge is distributed non-uniformly along the perimeter. The surface of the wire segment must be divided into strips, and charges at each strip must be found independently. A "thick wire" approach, which includes additional segmentation along the perimeter, can bring an enormous increase in the number of unknowns. We report on the implementation of a thick wire approach based on the method of auxiliary sources (MAS). Results of investigations are given as recommendations in graphical and tabular views, which show the accuracy of the calculated values for benchmark problems. These recommendations will be used in the latest versions (v. 1.14 and higher) of the three dimensional static solver Satic3D developed at EMCoS.
A Review of Recent Advances in the Understanding of Liquid Metal Embrittlement (2018)

Significant advances in the study of liquid metal embrittlement have occurred since 2000 but there have been few reviews of the liquid metal embrittlement literature since that time. This review discusses recent advances in modeling and testing. Specific solid–liquid systems (including steel exposed to molten lead–bismuth and aluminum–gallium) are reviewed. Relationships between various studies are considered and the need for careful test protocols is emphasized. The individual effects of wetting, crack initiation, and propagation are discussed. Mechanisms of liquid metal embrittlement including interatomic and mass transport-based phenomena are analyzed.
No analizábamos, porque viviamos (2016)

Los adolescentes de los noventa, genuinos cachorros 'Kronen', se iniciaban en la edad adulta mientras dejaban atras el siglo XX. Lo finisecular marcaba el momento.
Methods of making functionalized nanorods (2023)

A process for forming functionalized nanorods. The process includes providing a substrate, modifying the substrate by depositing a self-assembled monolayer of a bi-functional molecule on the substrate, wherein the monolayer is chosen such that one side of the bi-functional molecule binds to the substrate surface and the other side shows an independent affinity for binding to a nanocrystal surface, so as to form a modified substrate. The process further includes contacting the modified substrate with a solution containing nanocrystal colloids, forming a bound monolayer of nanocrystals on the substrate surface, depositing a polymer layer over the monolayer of nanocrystals to partially cover the monolayer of nanocrystals, so as to leave a layer of exposed nanocrystals, functionalizing the exposed nanocrystals, to form functionalized nanocrystals, and then releasing the functionalized nanocrystals from the substrate.
Corrigendum to “Effect of Carboxylic Functional Group Functionalized on Carbon Nanotubes Surface on the Removal of Lead from Water” (2018)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2010/603978.].
The Southern Home Front (2012)

The Southern Home Front Anne Marshall Most of us in the academic profession have had the opportunity to roll our eyes at yet another student-authored history paper that inevitably begins with the words: "Webster's Dictionary defines [insert subject of paper here] as. . . ." While I chide them for doing it, it strikes me that historians really ought to follow their students' lead and define their terms more precisely before engaging in academic dialogue. Take for example the common definitions of "home front" given by most online and printed dictionaries. They boil down to, rather simply: "the civilian population of a country at war." In light of this connotation, it appears that historians of the Civil War era are beginning to argue that there was no such thing as a southern home front, and that any sort of easy distinction between military and civilian Civil War participants may not be useful or even valid anymore. A slew of Civil War historians have contended in very recent publications that groups of people (white and black free women, slaves, for example) that have traditionally been considered "civilians" on the southern home front were actually full-fledged combatants. This is not simply a matter of redefining combat to include any sort of civilian resistance to military authority, nor is it a mere trick of postmodern historical interpretation to construe civilian actions as "weapons of the weak," or symbolic confrontation. Rather, they reveal that people at the time—both the Federal and Confederate governments and military officials of both armies fighting in southern territory—considered many civilians to be combatants and spelled this out in both government and military policy. And, they argue that so too should modern historians. But all of this leaves us with a provocative question: Is there really no way, and no reason, to distinguish between "home front" and "battlefield" in the Civil War South? [End Page 7] Anne Marshall Mississippi State University http://journalofthecivilwarera.com/forum-the-future-of-civil-war-era-studies Copyright © 2012 The University of North Carolina Press