gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Method to Generate a Large Number of Slow Positrons with a Modular Photon-Positron Converter (1991)

A simple method of producing an intense beam of slow positrons is proposed. X-rays radiating forward from a high Z target at the bombardment of pulsed e-beams penetrate many thin tungsten foil strips which are aligned parallel and assembled into a stack of modules with grids on one side. Stepwise electric potentials applied between the neighbouring modules produce the grid focussing field for collecting slow positrons emerging from the strip surfaces. The total wide surface area and the effective collection realize a high production rate of slow positrons above 10 14 s -1 during the pulse of a 35 MeV, 0.5 A LINAC.
Memory Deficits Correlating with Acetylcholinesterase Splice Shift and Amyloid Burden in Doubly Transgenic Mice (2005)

Current mouse models of Alzheimer's disease show brain pathology that correlates to a degree with memory impairment, but underlying molecular mechanisms remained unknown. Here we report studies with three lines of transgenic mice: animals that doubly express mutated human amyloid precursor protein (APPswe) and human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE); and animals transgenic for only the APPswe or the hAChE. Among these genotypes, variations were observed in expression of mRNA for presenilin-1, which was highest in singly transgenic hAChE mice, and the stress-inducible form of AChE, which was elevated when both transgenes were present. At the age of nine months, both double and single transgenic mice displayed working memory impairment in a radial arm water maze. However, as compared with mice expressing amyloid alone, the double transgenic animals exhibited more numerous plaques and greater amyloid burden in brain (both by histochemistry and by ELISA of amyloid protein). Moreover, the amyloid burden in double transgenics was tightly correlated with memory impairment as measured by total maze errors (r2= 0.78, p = .002). This correlation was markedly stronger than observed in mice with amyloid alone. These new findings support the notion of cholinergic-amyloid interrelationships and highlight the double transgenic mice as a promising alternative for testing Alzheimer's therapies.
Intussusception and Duodenal Stenosis: An Infrequent But Expected Association (1992)

Two boys with intussusception, intestinal malrotation and duodenal stenosis are reported. Because intussusception is associated with malrotation, which is in turn associated with duodenal stenosis, this combination of abnormalities may be expected in up to 3% of children with intussusception.
The Emergence of Spatial Complexity in the immune System (2000)

Biological systems, unlike physical or chemical systems, are characterized by the very inhomogeneous distribution of their components. The immune system, in particular, is notable for self-organizing its structure. Classically, the dynamics of natural systems have been described using differential equations. But, differential equation models fail to account for the emergence of large-scale inhomogeneities and for the influence of inhomogeneity on the overall dynamics of biological systems. Here, we show that a microscopic simulation methodology enables us to model the emergence of large-scale objects and to extend the scope of mathematical modeling in biology. We take a simple example from immunology and illustrate that the methods of classical differential equations and microscopic simulation generate contradictory results. Microscopic simulations generate a more faithful approximation of the reality of the immune system.
Dynamic and distributed Infield-Planning System for Harvesting (2013)

<abstract> <bold>Abstract.</bold> In agriculture, one has always been working on organizing the processes more efficiently, cost-effectively, and resource-efficiently. Increasing the machineâs efficiency alone provides only limited improvement to the overall productivity. Further improvements can be achieved when the various machines plan their processes on the field together and cooperate with one another. This paper describes a dynamic distributed infield planning system for the grain harvest. In particular, it focuses on the underlying target system and the dynamic route planning.
Yolk–Shell Pt-NiCe@SiO2 Single-Atom-Alloy Catalysts for Low-Temperature Dry Reforming of Methane (2021)

Herein, we report a highly carbon resistant nanotubular yolk–shell Pt-NiCe@SiO2 single-atom-alloy (SAA) catalyst for low-temperature dry reforming of methane (DRM). A synergetic combination of the confined yolk–shell morphology and Pt–Ni SAA structures prevents carbon formation and provides excellent catalyst stability. The confined morphology of the yolk–shell structures can impede carbon deposition due to the facile CO desorption from the surface. Carbon formation can be further minimized by 0.25 wt % Pt promotion, showing an excellent stability for 120 h during DRM at 500 °C. The enhanced stability of the Pt0.25-NiCe@SiO2 catalyst can be attributed to the atomically dispersed Pt on the yolks forming Pt–Ni SAA structures encapsulated by a nanotubular SiO2 shell. The Pt–Ni SAA facilitates Pt–Ni interactions and enhances the reducibility of the Ni species, which further suppresses carbon formation during DRM. The developed bifunctional catalyst exhibits excellent resistance to coking by decreasing the effect of both main carbon formation reactions: i.e., CO disproportionation and CH4 decomposition. When the Pt loading is increased above 0.25 wt %, Pt nanoparticles form, leading to oligomerization of C–H species. Our results show that advantageous effects of both confined morphology and Pt–Ni SAA structures can lower the operating temperature of DRM without showing any catalyst deactivation.
Fabrication of Hydroxypropyl Chitosan/Soy Protein Isolate Hydrogel for Effective Hemorrhage Control (2020)

Hemostatic materials are increasingly important in civilian and military clinics. In this work, a hydrogel was fabricated from hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS) and soy protein isolate (SPI) through the crosslinking of epichlorohydrin. Effects of SPI content on the structure, and physical and biological properties of the prepared hydrogels were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, water uptake testing, mechanical properties testing, MTT assay, hemolysis ratio testing, and routine blood coagulation test. The results indicated that the hydrogels showed high water uptake ability and compressive strength. The <i>in vitro</i> biocompatibility evaluation revealed that the hydrogel contains 30% SPI content (HCSH-30), could promote blood coagulation and cell proliferation. Furthermore, the hemostatic model of liver in New Zealand rabbit was applied to assess the hemostatic efficacy of the hydrogels. The results demonstrated that HCSH-30 stopped bleeding in 75 ± 1.63 s and improved hemostasis as compared with medical gauze. Thus, the HPCS/SPI hydrogel is expected to be a potential candidate for effective hemorrhage control. Impact statement Stoppage of bleeding is of paramount clinical significance in prophylactic, surgical, and emergency scenarios. This work describes a hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS)/soy protein isolate hydrogel, which could promote blood coagulation and cell proliferation, as well as stop bleeding in 75 ± 1.63 s on the liver of New Zealand rabbits. Thus, we provide a new candidate for hemostatic material and broaden the application of HPCS-based materials.
Influence du traitement thermique d'un mica (biotite) sur l'adsorption des gaz rares argon et krypton (1966)

The differential and integral heats of adsorption may be derived from the adsorption isotherms of a rare gas at two temperatures close to the boiling point. The heats of adsorption of argon and krypton on a biotite either outgassed under vacuum at 100°C or dehydroxylated at approximately 800°C, were determined in this manner. The differential and integral heats of adsorption of krypton are independent of the thermal treatment undergone by the mica. On the other hand, the integral heat of adsorption of argon was found to be higher for the dehydroxylated mica than for the non-treated mica, the difference being approximately constant and of the order of 200 to 300 cal. mole"1 in the range of surface coverage from 0.1 to 1. Hence the atoms of krypton and argon react differently to the structural modifi¬ cations of the surface provoked by the dehydroxylation. Assuming that the dehydroxylation displaces the potassium from its position, it is possible to account for the behaviour of both these gases on the basis of the adjustment of the atoms to the surface structure.
How Early in Treatment is PAP Adherence Established? Revisiting Night-to-Night Variability (2007)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious disorder with significant daytime consequences. Treatment for OSA most commonly takes the form of positive airway pressure (PAP). Although effective, PAP adherence is often below expectations. Previous studies have suggested that early PAP use can predict long-term adherence, but these studies have not been replicated, nor has follow up been longer than 3 months. This article presents a replication study enhanced by a longer follow up and additional data to suggest that 6-month adherence can be predicted within the first days of PAP use. This article also discusses how this might relate to the experience of significant side effects of treatment.
The re-infection rate of high-risk HPV and the recurrence rate of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) usual type after surgical treatment (2011)

HPV testing in the follow-up of VIN usual type patients might be useful for identifying those patients with a higher risk of recurrence after surgical treatment, although more studies are needed. These preliminary data suggest that the test, in addition to clinical examination, can improve the efficacy of the follow-up.
Expert Oracle Database 11g Administration (2009)

Sam Alapati's Expert Oracle Database 11g Administration is a comprehensive handbook for Oracle database administrators (DBAs) using the 11g release of the Oracle Database. All key aspects of database
Definition of the Transcriptional Activation Domain of Recombinant 43-Kilodalton USF (1992)

The cellular transcription factor USF is involved in the regulation of both cellular and viral genes and consists of 43- and 44-kDa polypeptides which independently show site-specific DNA binding. Cloning of the corresponding cDNA revealed that the 43-kDa polypeptide (USF43) is a member of the basic (B)-helix-loop-helix (HLH)-leucine zipper (LZ) family of proteins and provided a means for its functional dissection. Initial structure-function studies revealed that the HLH and LZ regions are both important for USF43 oligomerization and DNA binding. The studies presented here have focused on the determination of domains that contribute to transcriptional activation in vitro and show that (i) both a small region close to the N terminus and a region between residues 93 and 156 contribute strongly to transcriptional activation, (ii) full activation depends on the presence of both domains, (iii) the B-HLH-LZ region has no intrinsic activation potential but DNA binding is absolutely required for transcriptional activation, and (iv) the B-HLH-LZ region can be replaced by the Gal4 DNA binding domain without loss of activation potential.
Triangulation Theory and Techniques (1970)

This Compendium attempts to collate and coalesce those aspects of triangulation theory related to position-fix techniques employing lines-of-bearing. The author presents the discovery of the n-locus of a triangle, upon which lie several points of geometric interest. Formulae for the coordinates of various special forms of Least Squares Fits to a triangle are derived. The well known method of “resection by intersection” is examined, complemented by variations of the technique. The m-Loeus of a triangle is discovered, yielding the Classical Least Squares for triangulation theory. The m-locus dissolves the mystery surrounding the technique employing equi-angular adjustment to the triangulation measurements to reduce the error-triangle to a point. The treatise concludes with formulae for the direct calculation of the Classical Least Squares, bypassing the need of the vertices of the triangle of error and consequently the lengths of the sides of the triangle.
Prenatal phthalate exposure is associated with human fetal Leydig cell function but not with cryptorchidism and hypospadias (2013)

Background: Studies on rats indicate that prenatal exposure to certain phthalates may cause reproductive tract disorders by reducing fetal insulin like factor 3 (INSL3) and testosterone production. However, recent studies on human fetal testis explants have been unable to corroborate this mechanism in humans. Aims: We evaluated the effect of phthalate exposure on the occurrence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias and on fetal Leydig cell hormone production in humans, using a nested case–control design. Methods: We measured metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) in a total of 645 second trimester amniotic fluid samples from mothers of 270 boys with cryptorchidism, 75 boys with hypospadias and 300 randomly selected controls. Samples were from a large Danish biobank. Due to volume restraints INSL3 and steroid hormones were assessed in 475 and 545 of the samples respectively. Results: We observed no association between amniotic fluid phthalate metabolite concentrations and risk of cryptorchidism or hypospadias. However, we did observe a highly significant negative association between the amniotic fluid DEHP metabolite and INSL3 (p&lt;0.001). On the other hand, testosterone and other steroid hormones were positively associated to DEHP metabolite concentration, and this association appeared to be stronger in cases of cryptorchidism and hypospadias than in controls. DINP metabolite concentration was not consistently associated with fetal Leydig cell function. Conclusions: Fetal Leydig cell hormone production may be affected by exposure to DEHP during pregnancy. However, our results indicated that the possible endocrine disturbances by fetal DEHP exposure did not lead to malformation of the male genital organs. Whether the observed potential endocrine disturbances in fetal life have other long–term consequences for male reproductive health can not be evaluated by the present study.
Growth mechanism of planar-type GaAs nanowhiskers (1997)

The mechanism for the lateral growth of ultrathin GaAs whiskers is discussed in connection with the vapor–liquid–solid growth model. The observed growth rate shows that the migration of the source material plays an essential role in such whisker growth.
Fabrication of Diamond Microstructures by Using Dry and Wet Etching Methods (2013)

Diamond films have great potential for micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) application. For device realization, precise patterning of diamond films at micrometer scale is indispensable. In this paper, simple and facile methods will be demonstrated for smart patterning of diamond films, in which two etching techniques, i.e., plasma dry etching and chemical wet etching (including isotropic-etching and anisotropic-etching) have been developed for obtaining diamond microstructures with different morphology demands. Free-standing diamond micro-gears and micro-combs were achieved as examples by using the experimental procedures. It is confirmed that as-designed diamond structures with a straight side wall and a distinct boundary can be fabricated effectively and efficiently by using such methods.
Human-level intelligence or animal-like abilities? (2018)

What just happened in artificial intelligence and how it is being misunderstood.
Cod lipids, solvent systems and the effect of fatty acid chain length and unsaturation on lipid class analysis by Iatroscan TLC‐FID (1987)

Abstract The chromatographic behavior of molecular species of free fatty acids, triglycerides, sterol esters and wax esters on Chromarods‐SII was investigated in four developing solvent systems of different polarities. In accordance with previous reports it was observed that molecular species within a lipid class are partially separated according to the chain length and degree of unsaturation of the acyl groups. The separation is more affected by the degree of unsaturation than the chain length, especially in nonpolar solvent systems. In polar solvent systems the separation within a lipid class is less efficient; a slight separation according to the chain length was observed, and the degree of unsaturation had little or no influence. The partial separation of molecular species within a class leads to the superimposing of certain lipid classes, for example glyceryl ethers and highly unsaturated fatty acids of marine origin. This poses a potential problem in identification of Iatroscan peaks. However, with totally hydrogenated marine lipid samples a complete separation of the lipid classes was achieved when developed in a nonpolar solvent system. It is proposed that at least two kinds of authentic standards varying in the degree of unsaturation and chain length should be used for the identification of the peaks of natural lipid samples of unknown composition, and that total hydrogenation be applied to improve separations and ensure sample stability, and probably to improve quantitation accuracy.
Coastline optimization and real-time rendering based on raster data sets (2011)

In 3D visual simulation because aerial photos and digital terrain elevation data always don't match exactly, the coastline areas in the graphics generated by computer hardware are not always correct, especially in flight simulation where large-scale terrain scene is rendered. This paper proposes a new scheme to uniform coastline information between raster data sets. This method is base on coastline extraction, in which coastline is extracted from aerial photos to be applied as templates so that the difference of coastline position between aerial photo and digital elevation data can be forced to decay to zero. To make a better dynamic effect and to reduce the static visual error, a tidal modal is introduced to produce veridical intertidal zone. Coastline map is defined to hold coastline information which is pre-calculated. Also, ocean water was created with dynamic mesh, and depth-based transparency, caustics effects were produced for coastal waters. The performance of the method is verified through simulation.
Seasonal variations in diet of arrow squid (Nototodarus gouldi): stomach content and signature fatty acid analysis (2011)

This study details the feeding ecology of arrow squid, Nototodarus gouldi , collected opportunistically from trawlers in waters south-east off Australia in 2007 and 2008. Combined stomach content and fatty acid (FA) signature analyses provided clear evidence of seasonal dietary shifts in prey composition. Teleost fish remains (mainly otoliths) were found in 67% of stomachs with the two mesopelagic planktivorous fish, Lampanyctodes hectoris and Maurolicus muelleri dominating. Cephalopods and crustaceans were supplementary dietary components, with an increased representation in the diet over winter. Digestive gland lipid content was moderate (16.4 ± 8.4% wet weight) and was rich in triacylglycerol and monounsaturated fatty acids. Multivariate analysis of FA profiles grouped arrow squid with profiles of mesopelagic fish and cephalopods, thus supporting the findings of stomach content analysis. Seasonal differences in total lipid content were likely related to summer upwelling events and local changes in productivity, while intraspecific differences in lipid class and FA composition were related to seasonal differences of prey consumption. FA analyses also demonstrated dietary differences associated with gender, size and female maturation. Such relationships demonstrate that the diet of N. gouldi is closely linked to prey size, abundance and availability and possibly also, to key life-history stages.
CALCULATED REFLECTIVITY, MODULATED REFLECTIVITY AND BAND STRUCTURE OF GaAs, GaP, ZnSe AND ZnS (1969)

We have.calculated the electronic energy band.structure,the.imaginary " .. : ~ '.' part: of the frequency dependent ,dielectric function, the r~flectivity, and , the 'modulated reflectivity (derivative of the reflectivity) for GaAs,GaP, <,' ' f ' ..~ ...... ", " .' ' : ~ .' ZnSe, and ZnSusing the Empirical,Pseudopotential Method.A direct compari~ 1 son of the measured and calculated reflectivities are made.The calculated derivative of the reflectivity spectrum is compared with thermo-reflectance data."" .' ".' .. ' ." .
A Study on Method to Analyze Application on Bada Using GUI without Source Code (2012)

Analyzing vulnerability or flaw on smart phone is important issue because it has sensitive information such as financial or private. Previous researches concern about major smart phone OSs such as Apple's iPhone and Google's Android. However, they did not concern about Samsung's bada. To improve analyzing efficiency, in this paper, we study a method to analyze application on bada using GUI without source code.
Large Interface Spin-Asymmetry and Magnetoresistance in Fully Epitaxial Co2MnSi/Ag/Co2MnSi Current-Perpendicular-to-Plane Magnetoresistive Devices (2009)

Current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance (CPP-GMR) characteristics were investigated in a Co2MnSi (CMS)/Ag/CMS fully epitaxial device and compared to those in a CMS/Cr/CMS device systematically. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy images showed the two samples had no remarkable differences and little interdiffusion. The large spin-asymmetry of electron scattering was found at the CMS/Ag inteface compared with that at the CMS/Cr interface. Finally, the largest magneto-resistance (MR) ratio of 28.8% was observed at room temperature in the CMS/Ag/CMS CPP-GMR device.
Measurement of Steady State Pressure Distribution and Dynamic Pressure Fluctuations During Sputtering Process (2017)

It is extremely important to measure and control the dynamic behavior of the pressure distribution and gas flows near the substrates inside the vacuum process facility. However, it has been rarely accomplished with existing vacuum sensing technology. The authors developed an ultra-small thin film micro pressure sensor using TaAl-N thin film as sensing element, and measured the local pressure distribution at steady state near the target and near the substrate in the sputtering system. Furthermore, continuous measurement of the dynamic pressure variations during the reactive sputtering process was successfully conducted to improve the fabrication quality and productivity in the vacuum fabrication systems.