gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
METABOLIC RATE IN THE POSTOPERATIVE CRITICAL CARE PATIENT (1985)

Weissman, Charles; Kemper, Marcia; Damask, Michael C.; Askanazi, Jeffrey; Hyman, Allen I.; Kinney, John M. Author Information
Three‐dimensional modeling of the mixing state of particles over Greater Paris (2016)

Abstract A size‐composition resolved aerosol model (SCRAM) is coupled to the Polyphemus air quality platform and evaluated over Greater Paris. SCRAM simulates the particle mixing state and solves the aerosol dynamic evolution taking into account the processes of coagulation, condensation/evaporation, and nucleation. Both the size and mass fractions of chemical components of particles are discretized. The performance of SCRAM to model air quality over Greater Paris is evaluated by comparison to PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) measurements. Because air quality models usually assume that particles are internally mixed, the impact of the mixing state on aerosols formation, composition, optical properties, and their ability to be activated as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is investigated. The simulation results show that more than half (up to 80% during rush hours) of black carbon particles are barely mixed at the urban site of Paris, while they are more mixed with organic species at a rural site. The comparisons between the internal‐mixing simulation and the mixing state‐resolved simulation show that the internal‐mixing assumption leads to lower nitrate and higher ammonium concentrations in the particulate phase. Moreover, the internal‐mixing assumption leads to lower single scattering albedo, and the difference of aerosol optical depth caused by the mixing state assumption can be as high as 72.5%. Furthermore, the internal‐mixing assumption leads to lower CCN activation percentage at low supersaturation, but higher CCN activation percentage at high supersaturation.
Elucidating the biosynthesis of 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate through reduced expression of chloroplastic fructose 1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase and radiotracer studies with 14 CO 2 (2002)

2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate limits photosynthetic CO2 assimilation at low light because it is a potent, naturally occurring inhibitor of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Evidence is presented that this inhibitor is derived from chloroplastic fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. First, transgenic plants containing decreased amounts of chloroplastic fructose 1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase contained increased amounts of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate and greatly increased amounts of the putative intermediates hamamelose and 2-carboxyarabinitol, which in some cases were as abundant as sucrose. Second, French bean leaves in the light were shown to incorporate 14C from 14CO2 sequentially into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, hamamelose bisphosphate, hamamelose monophosphate, hamamelose, and 2-carboxyarabinitol. As shown previously, 14C assimilated by photosynthesis was also incorporated into 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate during subsequent darkness.
Comparison of mammalian adult and fetal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors stably expressed in fibroblasts (1994)

Cells from a line of transformed quail fibroblasts (QT-6) were transfected with cDNAs coding for subunits of the mouse muscle nicotinic ACh receptor (AChR). Stable clones were selected that expressed subunits of the fetal-type AChR (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) or the adult-type AChR (alpha, beta, epsilon, delta). The receptors had the appropriate burst durations and single-channel conductances for the fetal or adult type, respectively. Each type of receptor had a dose-response relationship that was close to a square law at low concentrations of ACh, implying that they contained two ACh-binding subunits. The metabolic stability of surface fetal and adult receptors was identical (about 10 hr half-life), for two independent clones expressing fetal and two expressing adult AChR. The metabolic stability was unaffected by treatment with okadaic acid, which enhanced receptor phosphorylation. d-Tubocurarine (dTC) blocked both the binding of alpha-bungarotoxin (BTX) to the cells and the ACh-elicited current. dTC blocked BTX binding with indistinguishable efficacy for both fetal and adult AChR. However, it was sixfold less effective at blocking ACh-elicited current from fetal AChR. At least part of the difference results from the ability of fetal receptor channels to open when the receptor has one ACh and one dTC molecule bound, whereas channels of heteroliganded adult receptors do not open. The data indicate that the subunit composition directly affects physiological and pharmacological properties of muscle AChR, but has little effect by itself on metabolic stability.
Three-Dimensional Simulations of Blood Flow With Systemic Arterial Baroreflex (2009)

The systemic arterial baroreflex controls the systemic arterial pressure to maintain homeostasis. The carotid sinus and aortic arch are the major systemic arterial baroreceptors, and they respond to distention of the carotid and aortic walls causing compensatory mechanisms, which regulate heart rate, cardiac contractility, peripheral arterial resistance, venous compliance, and venous unstressed volume [1]. In this study, we connect a feedback control loop, which represents the systemic arterial baroreflex, to the closed loop system we developed in a previous study [2]. The three-dimensional finite element model of the aorta and the closed loop system enable us to obtain not only the physiologic flow rate and pressure fields of the finite element model but also the global characteristics of the cardiovascular system from the closed loop model. We study the autoregulatory mechanisms occurring due to the systemic arterial baroreflex by considering the interactions between the heart and the systemic and pulmonary circulations.
Pregnancy, sex and hormonal factors in multiple sclerosis (2014)

Recommendations are provided for counseling and management of people with MS before conception, during pregnancy and after delivery. The use of disease-modifying and symptomatic therapies in pregnancy is problematic and such treatments are normally discontinued. Available knowledge about the impact of treatment on the mother, fetus and newborn is discussed. Recommendations for future research to fill knowledge gaps and clarify inconsistencies in available data are made.
Design and Implementation of a Novel Planer UWB Monopole Antenna for Multipath Environments (2009)

In this paper, a new planer monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is proposed for multipath applications. The proposed antenna is designed to operate from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. It consists of an octagonal shape patch with transmission line edge feed and underlying ground plane. Details of the proposed antenna design and measured results are presented and discussedbelow. Also a comparison study between the performance of the proposed antenna on FR4 and Taconic TLY-5 materials is carried out.
Neuroanatomical plasticity in the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone system of the ewe: Seasonal variation in glutamatergic and γ‐aminobutyric acidergic afferents (2009)

Temperate zone animals time the onset of reproductive events to coincide with specific portions of the sidereal year. Although the neural mechanisms involved remain poorly understood, a marked annual variation in the brain's sensitivity to estradiol negative feedback is thought to mediate many of the changes in neuroendocrine hormone secretion, especially that of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, via neural afferents. The aim of the present study was to determine whether glutamatergic inputs to GnRH neurons in sheep vary seasonally and to expand our previous observations of seasonal changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic inputs. Brains from adult sheep were collected during the breeding season (N = 8) or the nonbreeding season (anestrus; N = 7). Confocal microscopy and optical sectioning were used to quantify the density of labeled VGLUT2 and VGAT immunoreactivity onto GnRH neurons. The results reveal a significantly greater number of VGLUT2-ir inputs to GnRH dendrites during the breeding season vs. the nonbreeding season but no seasonal changes on GnRH cell somas. The number of VGAT-ir terminals onto GnRH dendrites was reduced in the breeding season compared with the nonbreeding season. GnRH neurons were also found to receive dual-phenotype (VGLUT + VGAT) inputs; these varied with season in a manner similar to VGAT inputs. Morphologically, the numbers of branches of proximal dendrites increased significantly in a subset of GnRH neurons located near the midline. Together these results reveal a dynamic seasonal reorganization of identified inputs onto GnRH neurons and lend additional support to the overall hypothesis that seasonal modulation of GnRH neurons involves glutamatergic and GABAergic neural plasticity.
Broadband (550–1350 nm) diffuse optical characterization of thyroid chromophores (2018)

Thyroid plays an important role in the endocrine system of the human body. Its characterization by diffuse optics can open new path ways in the non-invasive diagnosis of thyroid pathologies. Yet, the absorption spectra of tyrosine and thyroglobulin-key tissue constituents specific to the thyroid organ-in the visible to near infrared range are not fully available. Here, we present the optical characterization of tyrosine (powder), thyroglobulin (granular form) and iodine (aqueous solution) using a time domain broadband diffuse optical spectrometer in the 550-1350 nm range. Various systematic errors caused by physics of photo migration and sample inherent properties were effectively suppressed by means of advanced time domain diffuse optical methods. A brief comparison with various other known tissue constituents is presented, which reveals key spectral regions for the quantification of the thyroid absorbers in an in vivo scenario.
Representation of Cognitive Reappraisal Goals in Frontal Gamma Oscillations (2014)

Recently, numerous efforts have been made to understand the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive regulation of emotion, such as cognitive reappraisal. Many studies have reported that cognitive control of emotion induces increases in neural activity of the control system, including the prefrontal cortex and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and increases or decreases (depending upon the regulation goal) in neural activity of the appraisal system, including the amygdala and the insula. It has been hypothesized that information about regulation goals needs to be processed through interactions between the control and appraisal systems in order to support cognitive reappraisal. However, how this information is represented in the dynamics of cortical activity remains largely unknown. To address this, we investigated temporal changes in gamma band activity (35-55 Hz) in human electroencephalograms during a cognitive reappraisal task that was comprised of three reappraisal goals: to decease, maintain, or increase emotional responses modulated by affect-laden pictures. We examined how the characteristics of gamma oscillations, such as spectral power and large-scale phase synchronization, represented cognitive reappraisal goals. We found that left frontal gamma power decreased, was sustained, or increased when the participants suppressed, maintained, or amplified their emotions, respectively. This change in left frontal gamma power appeared during an interval of 1926 to 2453 ms after stimulus onset. We also found that the number of phase-synchronized pairs of gamma oscillations over the entire brain increased when participants regulated their emotions compared to when they maintained their emotions. These results suggest that left frontal gamma power may reflect cortical representation of emotional states modulated by cognitive reappraisal goals and gamma phase synchronization across whole brain regions may reflect emotional regulatory efforts to achieve these goals. Our study may provide the basis for an electroencephalogram-based neurofeedback system for the cognitive regulation of emotion.
Assessing coexistence problems of IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.15.4 wireless networks through cross-layer measurements (2007)

Coexistence issues between IEEE 802.11b (Wi-Fi) wireless communication networks and IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks (WSN), operating within the same 2.4 GHz ISM-band, are hereinafter assessed. In particular, meaningful experiments performed through a suitable testbed and a cross-layer measurement approach are presented. Such experiments are executed both at physical layer, through measurements of channel power and signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), and at network/transport layer, by means of packet loss ratio estimations. Different testbed configurations are analyzed, varying characteristics like packet rate, packet size, SIR, network topology and number of wireless nodes. The purpose of the work is to deduce from experiments practical information and guidelines showing how optimizing networks setup and mitigating coexistence problems in some real-life configurations. Practical details about testbed, test environment and performed experiments are provided in the paper.
A design approach for inset-fed rectangular microstrip antennas (2006)

The goal of this paper is to study the dependence of resonant input resistance of the inset-fed patch on the notch and feed-line geometry. Different geometries, substrate materials, and feed lines were considered. A simple CAD formula for the input resistance is obtained. The effect of the notch on the radiation pattern is also studied to see how it influences cross polarization.
Improved bounds for eigenpath traversal (2014)

We present a bound on the length of the path defined by the ground states of a continuous family of Hamiltonians in terms of the spectral gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}$. We use this bound to obtain a significant improvement over the cost of recently proposed methods for quantum adiabatic state transformations and eigenpath traversal. In particular, we prove that a method based on evolution randomization, which is a simple extension of adiabatic quantum computation, has an average cost of order $1/{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{2}$, and a method based on fixed-point search has a maximum cost of order $1/{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{3/2}$. Additionally, if the Hamiltonians satisfy a frustration-free property, such costs can be further improved to order $1/{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{3/2}$ and $1/\ensuremath{\Delta}$, respectively. Our methods offer an important advantage over adiabatic quantum computation when the gap is small, where the cost is of order $1/{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{3}$.
Effect of HMB Supplementation on Body Composition, Fitness, Hormonal Profile and Muscle Damage Indices (2010)

There is a huge market for ergogenic supplements for athletes. However, only a few products have been proven to have ergogenic effects and to be effective at improving muscle strength and body composition. One such supplement is beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMB). Derived from the amino acid leucine and its keto acid alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), HMB has been well documented as an oral ergogenic supplement commonly used by athletes. Several studies have shown that combining exercise training with HMB supplementation leads to increased muscle mass and strength, and there is some anecdotal evidence of aerobic improvement. However, HMB supplementation has been found to be effective mainly for untrained individuals. While previous reviews have emphasized three main pathways for HMB's mode of action: 1) enhancement of sarcolemmal integrity via cytosolic cholesterol, 2) inhibition of protein degradation via proteasomes, and 3) increased protein synthesis via the mTOR pathway, more recent studies have suggested additional possible mechanisms for its physiological effects. These include decreased cell apoptosis and enhanced cell survival, increased proliferation, differentiation and fusion via the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways, and enhanced IGF-I transcription. These are described here, and hormonal interactions are discussed, along with HMB dosage and safety issues.
A method for harvesting non-cultivable filamentous segmented microbes inhabiting the ileum of mice (1987)

A method by which non-cultivable filamentous segmented microbes colonising the ileal epithelium of mice can be harvested was devised. Intact epithelial cells with attached filamentous microbes were obtained. An ethanol-treated preparation of epithelial material was used to restore the filamentous segmented microbes to the normal microflora of mice maintained by gnotobiotic methodology.
A persistent T cell expansion in the peripheral blood of a normal adult male: a new clinical entity? (1992)

A dramatic and persistent T cell expansion in a healthy adult male was initially identified, using anti-T cell receptor for antigen (TCR)-specific MoAbs. The expanded T cells were found to be expressing TCR containing V alpha 12.1 and V beta 5.2, and they composed approximately one third of all the CD8+ T cells. The cells were shown to be not only non-activated (HLA-DR-, IL-2R-) but also of 'virgin' cell type (CD45RA+/CD45RO-) and they persisted over the observation period of more than one and a half years. Various T and B cell markers, and all other laboratory and physical parameters analysed, were normal. The expanded CD8+ T cells were further characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, using V beta- and C beta-specific primers, followed by hybridization with J beta-specific probes. Close to 90% of the V alpha 12.1+ V beta 5.2+ T cells were found to utilize the J beta 2.5 gene segment, thus strongly suggesting the expanded T cells to be monoclonal. The condition may constitute a T cell counterpart to 'monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance' (MGUS), and by analogy we suggest it should be designated 'monoclonal T cell expansion of undetermined significance' (MTUS).
Ion Dynamics in Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Li‐Ion Electrolytes Investigated by Neutron Scattering and Dielectric Spectroscopy (2018)

A detailed understanding of the diffusion mechanisms of ions in pure and doped ionic liquids remains an important aspect in the design of new ionic-liquid electrolytes for energy storage. To gain more insight into the widely used imidazolium-based ionic liquids, the relationship between viscosity, ionic conductivity, diffusion coefficients, and reorientational dynamics in the ionic liquid 3-methyl-1-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (DMIM-TFSI) with and without lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI) was examined. The diffusion coefficients for the DMIM<sup>+</sup> cation and the role of ion aggregates were investigated by using the quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and neutron spin echo techniques. Two diffusion mechanisms are observed for the DMIM<sup>+</sup> cation with and without Li-TFSI, that is, translational and local. The data additionally suggest that Li<sup>+</sup> ion transport along with ion aggregates, known as the vehicle mechanism, may play a significant role in the ion diffusion process. These dielectric-spectroscopy investigations in a broad temperature and frequency range reveal a typical α-β-relaxation scenario. The α relaxation mirrors the glassy freezing of the dipolar ions, and the β relaxation exhibits the signatures of a Johari-Goldstein relaxation. In contrast to the translational mode detected by neutron scattering, arising from the decoupled faster motion of the DMIM<sup>+</sup> ions, the α relaxation is well coupled to the dc charge transport, that is, the average translational motion of all three ion species in the material. The local diffusion process detected by QENS is only weakly dependent on temperature and viscosity and can be ascribed to the typical fast dynamics of glass-forming liquids.
On the Feasibility of Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packaging of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers (CMUT) by Using Inkjet-Printed Redistribution Layers (2020)

Fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) is an interesting platform for Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensor packaging. Employing FOWLP for MEMS sensor packaging has some unique challenges, while some originate merely from the fabrication of redistribution layers (RDL). For instance, it is crucial to protect the delicate structures and fragile membranes during RDL formation. Thus, additive manufacturing (AM) for RDL formation seems to be an auspicious approach, as those challenges are conquered by principle. In this study, by exploiting the benefits of AM, RDLs for fan-out packaging of capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUT) were realized via drop-on-demand inkjet printing technology. The long-term reliability of the printed tracks was assessed via temperature cycling tests. The effects of multilayering and implementation of an insulating ramp on the reliability of the conductive tracks were identified. Packaging-induced stresses on CMUT dies were further investigated via laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements and the corresponding resonance frequency shift. Conclusively, the bottlenecks of the inkjet-printed RDLs for FOWLP were discussed in detail.
Highly Cited Articles in Molecular Pharmaceutics: Hot Topics in Pharmaceutical Research (2023)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTHighly Cited Articles in Molecular Pharmaceutics: Hot Topics in Pharmaceutical ResearchLynne S. Taylor*Lynne S. Taylor*Email: [email protected]More by Lynne S. Taylorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4568-6021Cite this: Mol. Pharmaceutics 2023, 20, 7, 3251Publication Date (Web):July 3, 2023Publication History Received6 June 2023Published online3 July 2023Published inissue 3 July 2023https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00487https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00487editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2023 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1901Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (868 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Cancer therapy,Drug delivery,Gene delivery,Pharmaceuticals,Polymers Get e-Alerts
SQL server column store indexes (2011)

The SQL Server 11 release (code named Denali) introduces a new data warehouse query acceleration feature based on a new index type called a column store index. The new index type combined with new query operators processing batches of rows greatly improves data warehouse query performance: in some cases by hundreds of times and routinely a tenfold speedup for a broad range of decision support queries. Column store indexes are fully integrated with the rest of the system, including query processing and optimization. This paper gives an overview of the design and implementation of column store indexes including enhancements to query processing and query optimization to take full advantage of the new indexes. The resulting performance improvements are illustrated by a number of example queries.