gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Electrochemical Responses in Picoliter Volumes (1998)

Cyclic voltammetry is conducted in picoliter microvials to investigate the influence of small volumes on the electrochemical response. Electrochemical experiments using a standard reduction−oxidation couple, ferrocenecarboxylic acid, have been performed in volumes as small as 1 pL. Peak-shaped voltammetry and an increase in the current on the reverse wave of the cyclic voltammogram are observed in the voltammetric response when ultrasmall volumes (16 pL or less) are used. This deviation from bulk microelectrode behavior is observed only at slower scan rates in the smaller microvials. The origins of the voltammetric behavior in the small-volume experiments have been probed by varying experimental conditions such as scan rate, vial size, and concentration. The voltammetric properties have been shown to be dependent on all three parameters. The peak-shaped voltammetry and increases in the current on the reverse wave are attributed to depletion of oxidizable species on the forward scan and reduction of the analyte restricted at the electrode surface, respectively. A physical model based on restriction of analyte in these well-defined microenvironments is proposed to explain the differences in current compared to that predicted by microelectrode theory in bulk solutions.
Female sexual function and response. (2004)

Although female sexual dysfunction is a problem with low priority, it can have a profound impact on quality of life. In women, the cycle of sexual response begins in the brain, where a memory, an image, a scent, music, or a fantasy acts as a trigger to prompt sexual arousal. Thus, the brain is really the key and starting place for treatment of sexual dysfunction. Decreased libido, altered arousal, inability to achieve orgasm, and dyspareunia are the four broad types of sexual dysfunction in women. Decreased libido, thought to be related to androgenic hormones, results in delayed or altered arousal, decreased vaginal lubrication and dilation, delayed or absent orgasm, and pain or dyspareunia, which can lead to an aversion to sexual experiences.
Exploring Engineering Graduate Student Research Proficiency with Student Surveys (2010)

B ackground Research is considered the essence of graduate engineering education, but knowledge about the engineering graduate student research experience is scarce in literature. Some studies that examine graduate engineering education suggest that students are experiencing educational deficiencies that can affect the research experience. Thus, exploring engineering graduate student research proficiency is warranted. P urpose (H ypothesis ) This work begins to earnestly answer the research questions “How proficient are engineering graduate students in research?” and “What factors affect the research proficiency of these students?” D esign /M ethod In order to answer the two research questions specifically for the Georgia Institute of Technology Environmental Engineering graduate program, current students in the program participated in two surveys. Survey questions were designed to measure students' perceptions of their research proficiency and to aid in determining student academic motivations tied to proficiency. R esults Many students indicated that they lacked research preparation upon beginning graduate study and during the first year of study, lacked development in important research skills like statistics and communicating in writing, and were somewhat hindered in research organization and progress. Regarding academic motivations, students generally valued personal advancement and enrichment over paper publication. Doctoral students overall indicated more preparation with respect to several aspects of research and more value placed on paper publication than did master's students. C onclusions The surveys provided important findings regarding student research proficiency for the engineering graduate program in question. These findings encourage the exploration of engineering graduate student research proficiency on a broader scale in future studies.
A multisampling time-domain CMOS imager with synchronous readout circuit (2007)

A novel multisampling time-domain architecture for CMOS imagers with synchronous readout and wide dynamic range is proposed. The architecture was implemented in a prototype of imager with 32x32 pixel array fabricated in AMS CMOS 0.35µm and was characterized for sensitivity and color response. The pixel is composed of an n+/psub photodiode, a comparator and a D flip-flop having 16% fill-factor and 30µmx26µm dimensions. The multisampling architecture requires only a 1 bit per pixel memory instead of 8 bits which is typical for time-domain active pixel architectures. The advantage is that the number of transistors in the pixel is low, saving area and providing higher fill-factor. The maximum frame rate is analyzed as a function of number of bits and array size. The analysis shows that it is possible to achieve high frame rates and operation in video mode with 10 bits. Also, we present analysis for the impact of comparator offset voltage in the fixed pattern noise.
Integrated pest management in rose greenhouses using Franklinothrips vespiformis againts thrips (2008)

International audience
The Viability of the Femoral Head After Resurfacing Hip Arthroplasty in Humans (1993)

Histologic examination of 72 femoral heads retrieved at revision of resurfacing arthroplasties was performed to determine the possible role of generalized osteonecrosis caused by avascular necrosis (AVN) in early loosening of the femoral components. The degree of loosening at the femoral bone-cement interface was correlated with the histologic appearance of the femoral heads. None of the ten femoral heads with solid femoral components and only one of the 15 heads with slight loosening showed evidence of generalized osteonecrosis. The one case might have been attributable to AVN after the resurfacing procedure. In the remaining femoral heads with marked loosening of the femoral component, necrosis of bone was uncommon. When present, it was attributed to loosening. Thickening of bone trabeculae, a fibrovascular marrow, and superficial necrosis of bone of the femoral head are not evidence of generalized AVN caused by the resurfacing arthroplasty procedure, but are the result of remodeling changes and subsequent loosening.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Preceded by Interstitial Pneumonia Associated with Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Case Report (2003)

A 75-year-old male was admitted because of dyspnea. A chest X-ray showed interstitial shadows in both lung fields, and hematology studies revealed a normochronic anemia. Examination of bone marrow smears led to a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome. The rheumatoid factor test was positive, but the patient did not have arthritis. Twenty-one months later, he began to experience joint pain and swelling, and he fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis. This is the first case ever reported of rheumatoid arthritis preceded by interstitial pneumonia associated with myelodysplastic syndrome.
Vaccination against ovine footrot using a live bacterial vector to deliver basic protease antigen (2001)

A strain of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, designated Toxminus, that has been rationally attenuated by deletion of the phospholipase D gene, is being developed as a live vaccine vector for the delivery of veterinary vaccine antigens. In the present study a recombinant form of the basic protease gene of the ovine footrot causative bacterium, Dichelobacter nodosus, was introduced into the vector strain using the high copy number plasmid pEP2. This strain secreted the basic protease protein. Vaccination trials in sheep with the recombinant strain demonstrated that, although an IgG immune response was elicited, the animals were not protected from footrot following artificial challenge under pen conditions. Although the sheep were not protected there was evidence that the progression of the disease was slowed.
An integrated approach for risk profiling and spatial prediction of Schistosoma mansoni –hookworm coinfection (2006)

Multiple-species parasitic infections are pervasive in the developing world, yet resources for their control are scarce. We present an integrated approach for risk profiling and spatial prediction of coinfection with Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm for western Côte d'Ivoire. Our approach combines demographic, environmental, and socioeconomic data; incorporates them into a geographic information system; and employs spatial statistics. Demographic and socioeconomic data were obtained from education registries and from a questionnaire administered to schoolchildren. Environmental data were derived from remotely sensed satellite images and digitized ground maps. Parasitologic data, obtained from fecal examination by using two different diagnostic approaches, served as the outcome measure. Bayesian variogram models were used to assess risk factors and spatial variation of S. mansoni-hookworm coinfection in relation to demographic, environmental, and socioeconomic variables. Coinfections were found in 680 of 3,578 schoolchildren (19.0%) with complete data records. The prevalence of monoinfections with either hookworm or S. mansoni was 24.3% and 24.1%, respectively. Multinomial Bayesian spatial models showed that age, sex, socioeconomic status, and elevation were good predictors for the spatial distribution of S. mansoni-hookworm coinfection. We conclude that our integrated approach, employing a diversity of data sources, geographic information system and remote sensing technologies, and Bayesian spatial statistics, is a powerful tool for risk profiling and spatial prediction of S. mansoni-hookworm coinfection. More generally, this approach facilitates risk mapping and prediction of other parasite combinations and multiparasitism, and hence can guide integrated disease control programs in resource-constrained settings.
SYNTHESIS EQUIVALENCE OF TRIPLES (2014)

This working paper describes a framework for compositional supervisor synthesis, which is applicable to all discrete event systems modelled as a set of deterministic automata. Compositional synthesis exploits the modular structure of the input model, and therefore works best for models consisting of a large number of small automata. State-space explosion is mitigated by the use of abstraction to simplify individual components, and the property of synthesis equivalence guarantees that the final synthesis result is the same as it would have been for the non-abstracted model. The working paper describes synthesis equivalent abstractions and shows their use in an algorithm to compute supervisors efficiently. The algorithm has been implemented in the DES software tool Supremica and successfully computes modular supervisors, even for systems with more than 1014 reachable states, in less than 30 seconds.
Flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene foams coated with ethanediol‐modified melamine–formaldehyde resin and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (2018)

ABSTRACT Melamine–formaldehyde resin was modified by ethylene glycol to decrease the amount of free formaldehyde and extend the storage time. The modified resin (EMF) was further used to prepare microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MCAPP). The structures of both EMF and MCAPP were well characterized. Afterward, EMF and MCAPP were mixed and coated on the surface of pre‐expanded polystyrene particles to prepare flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene foams (EPS). Both water resistance and impact strength were enhanced by the presence of MCAPP, and the flammability of the samples was also significantly improved. For the sample containing 75 phr MCAPP, the limiting oxygen index value was increased to 31.4% with a V‐0 rating in the UL‐94 vertical burning test. Cone calorimeter tests showed that the peak heat release rate of the sample declined sharply to 172.7 kW/m 2 , which is 81.6% lower than that of neat EPS. The smoke production of EPS foams during combustion was suppressed by the presence of MCAPP, and the thermal stability was also improved. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the char layer of the flame‐retardant sample after combustion became compact with negligible voids or cracks, which could further form an isolation barrier to prevent both heat and flame transfer. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135 , 46471.
Pembrolizumab for previously treated advanced anal squamous cell carcinoma: Pooled results from the KEYNOTE-028 and KEYNOTE-158 studies. (2020)

4020 Background: Patients (pts) with anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) have poor outcomes and few treatment options. We report a pooled analysis of pembrolizumab (pembro) antitumor activity and safety in the ASCC cohorts of the multicohort studies KEYNOTE-028 (NCT02054806; phase 1b) and KEYNOTE-158 (NCT02628067; phase 2), providing a robust sample size and longer follow-up. Methods: Eligible pts were aged ≥18 y with histologically/cytologically confirmed metastatic/unresectable ASCC, had prior failure of/intolerance to standard therapy or no standard therapy options, measurable disease (RECIST v1.1), ECOG PS 0/1, and a tissue sample evaluable for PD-L1/biomarkers (KEYNOTE-028 required PD-L1 positivity). Baseline PD-L1 expression was assessed using a prototype IHC assay (QualTek) in KEYNOTE-028 and the PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assay (Agilent Technologies) in KEYNOTE-158. Pts received pembro 10 mg/kg Q2W (KEYNOTE-028) or 200 mg Q3W (KEYNOTE-158) for 2 y or until PD/unacceptable AEs. The primary endpoint in both studies was ORR (per RECIST v1.1). Secondary endpoints were duration of response (DOR), PFS, OS, and safety. Results: 137 pts with ASCC were treated in KEYNOTE-028 (n = 25) or KEYNOTE-158 (n = 112) and were included in this analysis (median age, 61 y; 83.2% women; 73.0% had PD-L1–positive tumors). Median follow-up was 11.7 mo; 124 pts (90.5%) had discontinued treatment. ORR (95% CI) was 10.9% (6.3%–17.4%). 8 pts had CR and 7 had PR. ORR (95% CI) by PD-L1 status was 14.0% (7.9%–22.4%) in the PD-L1 positive group and 3.3% (0.1%–17.2%) in the PD-L1 negative group. Among all treated pts, median DOR was not reached (range, 6.0+ to 57.5+ mo). By Kaplan-Meier estimation, 84.6% of responders had a DOR ≥24 mo. Median PFS was 2.1 mo (95% CI, 2.0–2.1) and median OS was 11.7 mo (95% CI, 8.8–14.5). The 12-mo PFS and OS rates were 14.5% and 47.4%. 85 pts (62.0%) had +1 treatment-related AE, 24 pts (17.5%) with grade 3–4 events (no grade 5 events). 32 pts (23.4%) had immune-mediated AEs; 2 pts (1.5%) had infusion related reactions. Conclusions: In pts with previously treated advanced ASCC, pembro showed durable antitumor activity, particularly in pts with PD-L1–positive tumors, and manageable toxicity. Clinical trial information: NCT02054806 (KEYNOTE-028), NCT02628067 (KEYNOTE-158) .
P4‐312: DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW INDEX FOR COGNITIVE FUNCTION USING FUNCTIONAL NEAR‐INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY: FNIRS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF THE INTERVENTION IN PRE‐CLINICAL AD AND MCI (2018)

Early and appropriate intervention in MCI or pre-clinical AD is an effective way to prevent conversion to AD. Motivation of individuals and/or continuity of intervention is crucial issues to prevent onset of dementia, however, there is no useful index for effectiveness of the intervention. fNIRS is functional neuroimaging technology for assessment of neuronal activity by measuring the cerebral hemodynamics related to the task in non-invasive and unconstrained manners. The purpose of this study is to establish the novel index to monitor cognitive function using fNIRS in the daily function levels in healthy elderly, pre-clinical AD and MCI subjects. The observation study between non-dementia control (NDC) and MCI was approved by site Institutional Review Boards with written informed consent. The inclusion and exclusion criteria of NDC or MCI were basically referred to the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Protocol (ADNI). Cerebral hemodynamics signals were acquired at total 54 channels to cover the cortex region of not only forehead but parietal and somatosensory area on age-matched 14 NDC and 12 MCI subjects using continuous-wave fNIRS system by the single daily function level task developed by us. fNIRS signals were refined with principal component analysis spatial filtering to remove global components, then linear regression model between NDC and MCI in combination with all feature quantity of fNIRS signals was obtained using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. The receiver operation characteristic (ROC) analysis was done to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the linear regression model which can calculate cognitive ability index. Accuracy of this new index was evaluated using another 25 test data (17 NDC and 8 MCI). The combination of feature quantity; Deoxy-Hb and signal area by sensory examination task showed good consensus to correlate with the region-of-interest on cerebral cortex as well as good performance with an area under the curve (AUC) 0.99, sensitivity 100% and specificity 93% in NDC vs MCI. Accuracy of 25 test data was 58%. fNIRS approach to get the index for cognitive function in present study is potential to monitor the cognitive-normal brain activity in the daily function levels.
Membrane Fusion-Mediated Gold Nanoplating of Red Blood Cell: A Bioengineered CT-Contrast Agent (2016)

Red blood cells (RBCs) are the natural resident of the vascular lumen, therefore delivery of any agents within the vascular lumen could benefit by unique natural transporting features of RBCs. RBCs continuously circulate for ∼100 days before being sequestered in the spleen, they only extravasate at sites of vascular hemorrhage. Taking advantages of these features, we engineered RBC as a carrier in order to design a unique delivery system capable of delivering X-ray computed tomography (CT) contrast agents, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), thereby acting as CT-contrast agent. A strategic membrane fusion technique was used to engineer the surface of RBC with gold nanoparticles in this in vitro study without altering its shape, size, and surface properties.
Quantitative Analysis of Telomerase Activity and Telomere Length in Domestic Animal Clones (2006)

It has been speculated that incomplete epigenetic reprogramming of the somatic cell genome is the primary reason behind the developmental inefficiencies and postnatal abnormalities observed after nuclear transplantation in domestic animal clones. One chromosome structure that is altered in dividing somatic cells is telomere length-the terminal ends of linear chromosomes capped by repetitive sequences of G-rich noncoding DNA, (TTAGGG)", and specific binding proteins. Telomeres are critical structures that function in maintaining chromosome stability and ensure the full replication of coding DNA by acting as a buffer to terminal DNA attrition due to the end replication problem. Telomere shortening limits cellular proliferation through a DNA damage signal activating permanent cell cycle arrest at a critical telomere length or through structural telomere alterations that prevents effective chromosome capping. Telomere-mediated signaling of cellular senescence has been established for many somatic cell types in vitro, except for germ cells, cancer lines, and regenerative tissues in which telomere length is maintained primarily by the ribonucleoprotein telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that synthesizes TTAGGG repeats de novo onto the chromosome ends. Telomere length discrepancies have been reported in animal clones as being shorter, no different, and even longer than in age-matched control animals, but the etiology is not yet understood. Possible explanations include differences in donor cell type and the efficiency of telomerase reprogramming. This chapter summarizes the conventional protocols and recent advances in telomere length and telomerase activity measurement that will help elucidate the mechanism(s) behind telomere length deregulation in somatic cell clones and its role in chromosomal instability, cellular senescence, and organismal aging in vivo.
Diabetes Mellitus and Optic Atrophy: A Study of Wolfram Syndrome in the Lebanese Population (2004)

Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disorder also known as DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness). WFS seems to be a heterogeneous disease that has not yet been fully characterized in terms of clinical features and pathophysiological mechanisms because the number of patients in most series was small. In this study we describe 31 Lebanese WFS patients belonging to 17 families; this, to our knowledge, is the largest number of patients reported in one series so far. Criteria for diagnosis of WFS were the presence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy unexplained by any other disease. Central diabetes insipidus was found in 87% of the patients, and sensorineural deafness confirmed by audiograms was present in 64.5%. Other less frequent features included neurological and psychiatric abnormalities, urodynamic abnormalities, limited joint motility, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in males, and diabetic microvascular disease. New features, not reported in previous descriptions, such as heart malformations and anterior pituitary dysfunction, were recognized in some of the patients and participated in the morbidity and mortality of the disease. Genetic analysis revealed WFS1 gene mutations in three families (23.5%), whereas no abnormalities were detected in mitochondrial DNA. In conclusion, WFS is a devastating disease for the patients and their families. More information about WFS will lead to a better understanding of this disease and hopefully to improvement in means of its prevention and treatment.
Adhesives (2005)

Abstract Theories of Adhesion Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Adhesives Mechanical Tests of Adhesive Bonds Chemistry and Uses of Adhesives Economic Aspects
A resilient condition assessment monitoring system (2012)

An architecture and supporting methods are presented for the implementation of a resilient condition assessment monitoring system that can adaptively accommodate both cyber and physical anomalies to a monitored system under observation. In particular, the architecture includes three layers: information, assessment, and sensor selection. The information layer estimates probability distributions of process variables based on sensor measurements and assessments of the quality of sensor data. Based on these estimates, the assessment layer then employs probabilistic reasoning methods to assess the plant health. The sensor selection layer selects sensors so that assessments of the plant condition can be made within desired time periods. Resilient features of the developed system are then illustrated by simulations of a simplified power plant model, where a large portion of the sensors are under attack.
Electrical and optical characterization of back-to-back Schottky (Al,Ga)As/NiAl/(Al,Ga)As molecular beam epitaxially grown double-heterostructure diodes (1990)

Current-voltage, capacitance-voltage, and internal photoemission measurements of back-to-back Schottky diodes of buried metal (Al,Ga)As/NiAl/(Al,Ga)As double heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy are reported. By using a selective etch process to access the buried layers and fabricate three-terminal devices, independent measurements of the barrier height on both sides of the buried metal double heterostructure were performed. Schottky diode behavior was observed for both upper and lower diodes and the barrier height was measured to be 1.1 eV for both diodes using internal photoemission. Electrical measurements showed a lower effective barrier height for the upper metal-semiconductor interface as compared to the lower interface in agreement with the different defect densities in these heterostructures.