gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Air Compression Performance Improvement via Trajectory Optimization: Experimental Validation (2016)

In an isothermal compressed air energy storage (CAES) system, it is critical that the high pressure air compressor/expander is both efficient and power dense. The fundamental trade-off between efficiency and power density is due to limitation in heat transfer capacity during the compression/expansion process. In our previous works, optimization of the compression/expansion trajectory has been proposed as a means to mitigate this trade-off. Analysis and simulations have shown that the use of optimized trajectory can increase power density significantly (2–3 fold) over ad-hoc linear or sinusoidal trajectories without sacrificing efficiency especially for high pressure ratios. This paper presents the first experimental validation of this approach in high pressure (7bar to 200bar) compression. Experiments are performed on an instrumented liquid piston compressor. Correlations for the heat transfer coefficient were obtained empirically from a set of CFD simulations under different conditions. Dynamic programming approach is used to calculate the optimal compression trajectories by minimizing the compression time for a range of desired compression efficiencies. These compression profiles (as function of compression time) are then tracked in a liquid piston air compressor testbed using a combination of feed-forward and feedback control strategy. Compared to ad-hoc constant flow rate trajectories, the optimal trajectories double the power density at 80% efficiency or improve the thermal efficiency by 5% over a range of power densities.
Non-intrusive process-based monitoring system to mitigate and prevent VM vulnerability explorations (2013)

Cloud is gaining momentum but its true potential is hampered by the security concerns it has raised. Having vulnerable virtual machines in a virtualized environment is one such concern. Vulnerable virtual machines are an easy target and existence of such weak nodes in a network jeopardizes its enti
Application of diffusion theory to neutral atom transport in fusion plasmas (1987)

It is found that the energy dependent diffusion theory provides excellent accuracy in the modelling of transport of neutral atoms in fusion plasmas. Two reasons in particular explain the good accuracy. First, while the plasma is optically thick for low energy neutrals, it is optically thin for high energy neutrals and the diffusion theory with Marshak boundary conditions gives accurate results for an optically thin medium, even for small values of c, the ratio of the scattering cross-section to the total cross-section. Second, the effective value of c at low energy is very close to 1 because of the downscattering via collisions of high energy neutrals. The first reason is proven computationally and theoretically by solving the transport equation in a power series in c and solving the diffusion equation with 'general' Marshak boundary conditions. The second reason is established numerically by comparing the results from a one-dimensional, general geometry, multigroup diffusion theory code, written for this purpose, with the results obtained using the transport code ANISN. Earlier studies comparing one-speed diffusion and transport theory indicated that the diffusion theory would be inaccurate. A detailed analysis shows that this conclusion is limited to a very specific case. Surprisingly, for a very wide range of conditions and when energy dependence is included, the diffusion theory is highly accurate.
Antiprogesterone, RU 486, Facilitates Parturition in Cattle* (1991)

RU 486, a potent progesterone antagonist with high affinity for progesterone receptor, was used alone or in combination with relaxin in late pregnant cattle to determine its effect on induction of parturition. Cross-bred beef cattle were bred by artificial insemination. An indwelling cannula was inserted into a jugular vein on day 269 (expected term = day 283) for repeated blood sample collection. On day 277, the cattle were assigned randomly to three groups (n = 6 each): group 1 received RU 486 (2 mg/kg BW, im) at 0800 h on days 277 and 278; group 2 received the same RU 486 treatment plus 3000 U relaxin, injected sc at 0800 h on day 278; and group 3 served as controls and received vehicle injection. Parturition occurred 55 h after treatment in group 1 and 53 h after treatment in group 2 compared with 210 h in the controls (P less than 0.01). The calves from treated groups were vigorous at birth, and their birth weights (32 and 33 kg in groups 1 and 2) were less than those of control calves (38 kg; P less than 0.01). There was no incidence of difficult birth (dystocia) with RU 486 treatment compared with that in the controls. Placenta delivery averaged 6.5 h after birth in both RU 486-treated groups and did not differ from the control value (5 h). Plasma progesterone concentrations averaged 8.2 ng/ml during the pretreatment period for all animals. Progesterone started to decrease markedly by 1200 h on day 278, dropped to about 4 ng/ml by 2400 h that same day, and was at basal levels on day 279, the day of calving, in two hormone-treated groups. In sharp contrast, progesterone was maintained at about 6 ng/ml in placebo-treated controls during this period and did not decrease to basal levels until 2 days before parturition on day 286 (P less than 0.01). Peak RU 486 in plasma was 7.2 ng/ml after the first injection and 14.3 ng/ml after the second injection, and averaged 7.9 ng/ml on the day of induced calving (day 279). Peak relaxin was 4.1 ng/ml after hormone injection. The results indicate that RU 486 alone or combined with relaxin precisely controlled the time of parturition in cattle in late pregnancy. Such treatment can be used to facilitate parturition and increase survival rates of neonatal calves without detrimental effects of dystocia, retention of placenta, and delayed postpartum fertility.
E-Cigarette Use and Future Cigarette Initiation Among Never Smokers and Relapse Among Former Smokers in the PATH Study (2019)

Policies and counseling should consider the increased risk for nonsmokers of future combustible cigarette smoking use as a result of using e-cigarettes and any potential harm-reduction benefits e-cigarettes might bring to current combustible cigarette smokers.
Evaluation of the flow‐volume loop as an intra‐operative monitor of respiratory mechanics in infants (1989)

Airway pressure is currently the primary indicator of respiratory mechanics used by the anesthetist in the operating room. This quantity can signal that the mechanical properties of the respiratory system have changed. However, there is a need for more sophisticated monitors of mechanics, capable of indicating the nature of the change. We have investigated the use of the tidal flow-volume loop in differentiating between an obstruction of the endotracheal tube and changes in the distribution of regional ventilation, using a computer model. Endotracheal obstruction caused the descending limb of flow-volume loop to become convex to the volume axis, whereas ventilation inhomogeneity caused the curve to become concave to the volume axis. In contrast, examination of peak airway pressure did not allow differentiation between the two conditions. We conclude that, while the peak airway pressure is useful in signaling a change in a patient's condition, the combination of airway pressure and the flow-volume loop serves as a more comprehensive monitor of respiratory mechanics.
SLE: a Metabolic Disease of T Cells? (2011)

SLE is a multifactorial, heterogeneous group of disease which is potentially fatal and can be characterized by anti-nuclear autoantibody production and consequent organ, especially kidney failure [1]. Therapy is still restricted and limited to general immunosuppressants and cytotoxic drugs with many side effects. Therefore, the understanding of the fine molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis is crucial to develop new therapeutic approaches. The complex interaction of the innate dendritic cells and adaptive immune T and B cells significantly contribute to disease pathogenesis. Both T and B cells are hyperactive in SLE. T cells exhibit aberrant signaling profile upon antigen receptor activation and changes in proximal signaling molecules and adaptor proteins which together shape the pathogenic lupus T cell phenotype. Lupus T cells exhibit a metabolically dysregulated status, including persistent mitochondrial hyperpolarization (MHP) [2,3], increased mitochondrial mass, oxidative stress and depleted intracellular glutathione levels [4,5]. Lupus T cells also show increased cytoplasmic and mitochondrial calcium levels and signaling profile. A significant inducer of MHP is nitric oxide, which is produced mainly by monocytes in SLE. MHP leads to subsequent necrosis releasing necrotic material from T cells, which triggers dendritic cells and B cells. Closely related to MHP, T cells show altered metabolic gene expression signature, including the overexpression of the mitochondrial outer membrane protein VDAC (voltage dependent anion channel) and SOD2 (superoxide dismutase). Transaldolase, an enzyme of the pentose-phosphate pathway which is responsible for the production of nucleotides and maintenance of reducing environment [6] is also overexpressed in lupus T cells and it has been previously shown that overexpression of this enzyme results in MHP [7]. Consistent with altered metabolism, lupus T cells show enhanced activation of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway.
Characterization of Notch‐class gene expression in segmentation stem cells and segment founder cells in Helobdella robusta (Lophotrochozoa; Annelida; Clitellata; Hirudinida; Glossiphoniidae) (2005)

To understand the evolution of segmentation, we must compare segmentation in all three major groups of eusegmented animals: vertebrates, arthropods, and annelids. The leech Helobdella robusta is an experimentally tractable annelid representative, which makes segments in anteroposterior progression from a posterior growth zone consisting of 10 identified stem cells. In vertebrates and some arthropods, Notch signaling is required for normal segmentation and functions via regulation of hes-class genes. We have previously characterized the expression of an hes-class gene (Hro-hes) during segmentation in Helobdella, and here, we characterize the expression of an H. robusta notch homolog (Hro-notch) during this process. We find that Hro-notch is transcribed in the segmental founder cells (blast cells) and their stem-cell precursors (teloblasts), as well as in other nonsegmental tissues. The mesodermal and ectodermal lineages show clear differences in the levels of Hro-notch expression. Finally, Hro-notch is shown to be inherited by newly born segmental founder cells as well as transcribed by them before their first cell division.
Preparation of super-clean coal: improvements in recovery and selectivity. Technical progress report for the seventh and eighth quarters, March 15-September 14, 1985 (1985)

It has been shown previously that in cleaning ultrafine coal by flotation, the use of microbubbles improves both recovery and selectivity as compared to the conventional flotation process. In this investigation, the increased recovery associated with microbubbles has been found to result from the improved hydrodynamic conditions for bubble-particle collision. The improved selectivity, on the other hand, can be attributed to the absence of a wake behind the rising bubbles. It has been found that when using larger bubbles, particles are entrained in the wake volume, which results in reduced selectivity. The benefits of using microbubbles have been demonstrated in a series of continuous flotation experiments using a column-type flotation cell. A model for the flotation rate constant has been developed by combining flotation due to adhesion and flotation due to entrainment. The rate constants determined experimentally using a frothless flotation cell have been found to be in good agreement with those predicted by the model over a wide range of bubble sizes. 13 refs., 11 figs.
1P255 Fiber diffraction study on flagellar axonemes from a wild type and mutant strains of Chlamydomonas(9. Molecular motor (I),Poster Session,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS & BSJ 2006) (2006)

ReseLtrces Lab,, Tekyv IntitituLe of Tcchnology, iNational Lnstitu te of Infbnnation and Communication
The Platelet Collagen Receptor GPVI Is Cleaved by Tspan15/ADAM10 and Tspan33/ADAM10 Molecular Scissors (2022)

The platelet-activating collagen receptor GPVI represents the focus of clinical trials as an antiplatelet target for arterial thrombosis, and soluble GPVI is a plasma biomarker for several human diseases. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) acts as a 'molecular scissor' that cleaves the extracellular region from GPVI and many other substrates. ADAM10 interacts with six regulatory tetraspanin membrane proteins, Tspan5, Tspan10, Tspan14, Tspan15, Tspan17 and Tspan33, which are collectively termed the TspanC8s. These are emerging as regulators of ADAM10 substrate specificity. Human platelets express Tspan14, Tspan15 and Tspan33, but which of these regulates GPVI cleavage remains unknown. To address this, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout human cell lines were generated to show that Tspan15 and Tspan33 enact compensatory roles in GPVI cleavage, with Tspan15 bearing the more important role. To investigate this mechanism, a series of Tspan15 and GPVI mutant expression constructs were designed. The Tspan15 extracellular region was found to be critical in promoting GPVI cleavage, and appeared to achieve this by enabling ADAM10 to access the cleavage site at a particular distance above the membrane. These findings bear implications for the regulation of cleavage of other ADAM10 substrates, and provide new insights into post-translational regulation of the clinically relevant GPVI protein.
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping of Mobile Robot using Digital Magnetic Compass and Ultrasonic Sensors (2007)

전자나침반(DMC)은 실내의 전자기적 요소나 강한 자성체 건물구조에서는 쉽게 방해를 받던 나침반보다 실내에서 간섭에 강한 특징을 가지고 있다. 그리고 초음파 센서는 물체와의 거리를 계산해 줄뿐만 아니라 값싼 센서로서 경제적인 이점을 가지고 있어 Simultaneous Localization and Mapping(SLAM)에서 많이 사용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 자율 이동 로봇의 구동에서 전자나침반과 초음파 센서를 이용한 SLAM의 구현에 대해 연구하였다. 로봇의 특성상 한정된 센싱 데이터만으로 방향과 위치를 파악하고 그 데이터 값으로 가능한 빠르게 위치 측정을 하여야 한다. 그러므로 자율 이동 로봇에서의 SLAM 적용함으로 위치측정의 구현과 지도 작성을 수행한다. 그리고 SLAM 구현상의 주된 연구 중의 하나인 Kid Napping 문제에 중점을 두고 연구한다. 특히, 위치 측정의 구현을 수행하기 위한 데이터의 센싱 방법으로 초음파 센서를 사용하였고 비슷한 위치의 데이터 값이 주어지거나 사전 정보 없는 상태에서는 로봇의 상태를 파악하기 위해서 전자 나침반을 사용하였다. 그래서 자율 이동 로봇의 위치를 정확하게 측정하기 위해서 활용하였다. Digital Magnetic Compass(DMC) has a robust feature against interference in the indoor environment better than compass which is easily disturbed by electromagnetic sources or large ferromagnetic structures. Ultrasonic Sensors are cheap and can give relatively accurate range readings. So they ate used in Simultaneous Localization and Mapping(SLAM). In this paper, we study the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping(SLAM) of mobile robot in the indoor environment with Digital Magnetic Compass and Ultrasonic Sensors. Autonomous mobile robot is aware of robot's moving direction and position by the restricted data. Also robot must localize as quickly as possible. And in the moving of the mobile robot, the mobile robot must acquire a map of its environment. As application for the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping(SLAM) on the autonomous mobile robot system, robot can find the localization and the mapping and can solve the Kid Napping situation for itself. Especially, in the Kid Napping situation, autonomous mobile robot use Ultrasonic sensors and Digital Magnetic Compass(DMC)'s data for moving. The robot is aware of accurate location By using Digital Magnetic Compass(DMC).
Achieving band gap grading of CZTS and CZTSe materials (2023)

Techniques for achieving band gap grading in CZTS/Se absorber materials are provided. In one aspect, a method for creating band gap grading in a CZTS/Se absorber layer includes the steps of: providing a reservoir material containing Si or Ge; forming the CZTS/Se absorber layer on the reservoir material; and annealing the reservoir material and the CZTS/Se absorber layer under conditions sufficient to diffuse Si or Ge atoms from the reservoir material into the CZTS/Se absorber layer with a concentration gradient to create band gap grading in the CZTS/Se absorber layer. A photovoltaic device and method of forming the photovoltaic device are also provided.
PROGNOSTICS ENABLED RESILIENT CONTROL FOR MODEL-BASED BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (2011)

This paper proposes an intelligent Resilient Control Strategy (RCS) for Model - based building control to improve the Building Automation System (BAS)’s performance against unanticipated adverse conditions or incidents such as model mismatch, weather disturbances, and component failures/ faults. The concept of resiliency of the BAS in terms of Quality of Control (QoC) is quantified and realized by the proposed RCS which make use of building operation data obtained from the BAS and the signals from the external sensors to provide an accurate analysis and intelligent control decisions under each operating condition. For building simulations, a cosimulation platform with run-time coupling of Matlab/Simulink and EnergyPlus is developed and used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Poly (ADP‐ribose) Polymerase from Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells (1978)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, partially purified by chromatography on DNA-agarose, was obtained as a more than 80% homogeneous preparation by isoelectric focusing in a sucrose gradient. The polymerase activity was shown to be associated with the major protein in the preparation. Results obtained by electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl-sulfate indicated that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase consists of a polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 130 000. Ultracentrifugation at non-denaturating conditions indicated that the active enzyme may be an oligomeric form of this polypeptide chain. The isoelectric point of the polymerase was 9.40. The effects of various additions to the assay mixture on the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) as well as some kinetic data, are given. It is shown that poly(ADP-ribose) is a highly efficient inhibitor of its own synthesis, and results are presented which suggest that the well-known stimulatory effect of DNA on the synthesis is due to reduction of this inhibitory effect of the product.
Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients with 5-Fluorouracil in Combination with Recombinant Subcutaneous Human lnterleukin-2 and Alpha-lnterferon (1994)

We treated 14 patients with progressive metastatic colorectal cancer, using a combination of subcutaneous recombinant human interleukin-2 (4.8 x 10(6) IU/m2 three times daily on days 1 and 22, and twice daily on days 2 and 23, followed by 2.4 x 10(6) IU/m2 twice daily on days 3-5, 8-12, 24-26, and on 5 consecutive days per week, starting day 29), recombinant human interferon-alpha 2a (5.0 x 10(6) U/m2 thrice weekly), and 5-fluorouracil (750 mg/m2 i.v. bolus on days 15-19, and at weekly intervals thereafter, with a 1-week off-therapy interval every 4 weeks). Therapy was continued until disease progression occurred. Four (29%) and 8 (57%) evaluable patients achieved partial remission and stable disease, respectively; median response duration was 5.9 months. Toxicity of this regimen was moderate; the most common side effects were thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, nausea/vomiting, anorexia, malaise and fevers in all patients, along with diarrhea (63%) and mucositis (54%). Less than 10% of patients developed WHO grade IV toxicity; no toxic deaths occurred. Efficacy of this combination was not substantially different from alternative 5-fluorouracil-based regimens.
Saline is as effective as nitrogen scavengers for treatment of hyperammonemia (2017)

Urea cycle enzyme deficiency (UCED) patients with hyperammonemia are treated with sodium benzoate (SB) and sodium phenylacetate (SPA) to induce alternative pathways of nitrogen excretion. The suggested guidelines supporting their use in the management of hyperammonemia are primarily based on non-analytic studies such as case reports and case series. Canine congenital portosystemic shunting (CPSS) is a naturally occurring model for hyperammonemia. Here, we performed cross-over, randomized, placebo-controlled studies in healthy dogs to assess safety and pharmacokinetics of SB and SPA (phase I). As follow-up safety and efficacy of SB was evaluated in CPSS-dogs with hyperammonemia (phase II). Pharmacokinetics of SB and SPA were comparable to those reported in humans. Treatment with SB and SPA was safe and both nitrogen scavengers were converted into their respective metabolites hippuric acid and phenylacetylglutamine or phenylacetylglycine, with a preference for phenylacetylglycine. In CPSS-dogs, treatment with SB resulted in the same effect on plasma ammonia as the control treatment (i.e. saline infusion) suggesting that the decrease is a result of volume expansion and/or forced diuresis rather than increased production of nitrogenous waste. Consequentially, treatment of hyperammonemia justifies additional/placebo-controlled trials in human medicine.
Volatile constituents ofStachys inflata Benth. from Iran (2005)

The composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Stachys inflata Benth., growing wild in Iran, was investigated by GC and GC–MS. Forty-one components, representing 97.9% of the total oil, have been identified. α-Pinene (15.2%), Δ-3-carene (12.3%), limonene (11.6%), β-pinene (7.2%), myrcene (6.5%), (Z)-β-ocimene (5.9%), germacrene-D (4.2%), allo-ocimene (4.1%) and linalool (3.5%) were the major components. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and stability of Ba–Cu–Ge type-I clathrates (2003)

We have prepared samples of nominal type Ba(8)Cu(x)Ge(46-x) by induction melting and solid state reaction. Analysis shows that these materials form type-I clathrates, with copper content between x = 4.9 and 5.3, nearly independent of the starting composition. We used x-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal electron diffraction to confirm the cubic type-I clathrate structure, while electron microprobe measurements confirmed the stability of the x = 5 composition. This result differs from the corresponding Ag and Au clathrates, and was not known previously due perhaps to the similar Cu and Ge form factors in x-ray diffraction. The observed composition adheres very tightly to a valence-counting scheme, in agreement with a Zintl-type stability mechanism. This implies a gap in the electronic density of states, also in contrast to the metallic behavior of the Au and Ag analogs. Magnetization measurements showed a large diamagnetic response in the Ba-Cu-Ge clathrate. This behavior is consistent with semiconducting or semimetallic behavior, and is similar to that of a number of intermetallic semiconductors.