gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Repair of Digital Flexor Tendon Lacerations in the Horse, Using Carbon Fiber Implants (1980)

Flexible medical grade carbon fiber was surgically implanted in tenectomized or lacerated superficial and deep digital flexor tendons of 13 horses (7 clinical cases and 6 experimental), ranging in age from 15 months to 10 years and weighing 300 to 500 kg. The 6 experimental horses were euthanatized at 30-, 45-, 60-, and 90-day intervals for gross and histologic evaluation of the results. Three of the experimental horses served as their own controls. Of the 7 clinically affected horses, 3 were euthanatized because they developed laminitis or the wound failed to heal. The remaining 4 horses in that group were discharged; 3 returned to their previous activities, and 1 was unavailable for follow-up. Carbon fiber produced a structure of approximately the same size and function as a normal tendon. Histologically, the fibroblasts and collagen fibers organized and aligned themselves in the early stages of healing. The implants appeared grossly and histologically to produce a cosmetically acceptable, strong, and functional tendon.
On the optimality of Bussgang and super exponential blind deconvolution methods (2002)

In this contribution, a generalization of the super exponential blind deconvolution method is discussed. The generalization consists in the definition of a "spikyness" criterion involving nonlinearities rather than only powers. This allows to rephrase Bussgang deconvolution in the framework of super exponential deconvolution using a spikyness criterion which takes into account the pdf of the input series to be recovered. Improved performance is expected when generalized super exponential deconvolution is tuned to suitable optimality criteria.
Direct Oral Anticoagulant Concentrations in Obese and High Body Weight Patients: A Cohort Study (2020)

These data indicated that obese or high BW patients generally achieve therapeutic FXa inhibitor concentrations. However, further investigations assessing clinical outcomes are required.
Performance of 250W high-power HVM LPP-EUV source (2017)

We have been developing CO<sub>2</sub>-Sn-LPP EUV light source which is the most promising solution as the 13.5nm high power light source for HVM EUVL since 2003. Unique original technologies such as; combination of pulsed CO<sub>2</sub> laser and Sn droplets, dual wavelength laser pulse shooting and mitigation with magnetic field have been developed in Gigaphoton Inc.. The theoretical and experimental data have clearly showed the advantage of our proposed strategy. We demonstrated 117W EUV power (I/F clean in burst), 50 kHz, 22 hours stable operation at Pilot #1 device. Target of this device is 250 W EUV power by 27 kW pulsed CO<sub>2</sub> driver laser system.
Chemometrics (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction A particular case: the linear case Least squares methods: non-linear case Neural networks Conclusion Bibliography
Determination of Caseinomacropeptide by an RP‐HPLC Method and Monitoring of the Addition of Rennet Whey to Powdered Milk (2003)

Abstract A precise, sensitive, and reliable RP‐HPLC method was developed and validated to enable the separation and quantification of caseinomacro peptide. The optimized method used a polystyrene‐divinylbenzene column and gradient elution with two solvents. Solvent A was 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water and solvent B was 95% acetonitrile‐5% water‐0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. The flow rate used was 1 mL/min. The effluent was monitored by a UV detector at 214 nm and enabled the separation of two peaks corresponding to the aglyco components of the two principal genetic variants (A and B), eluted after the less well resolved glyco caseinomacropeptide components. The determinations were performed in the linear range of 15–200 µg/mL. Detection limit was 2 µg/mL. The validity of the method was verified. The recoveries were 93 and 98%. The precision of the method was also evaluated being the %CV less than 4.87%. The method was applied to the analysis of rennet and acid wheys and whey protein concentrates produced by the dairy industry. It was also applied to the detection of rennet whey in powdered milks.
Speaker adaptation by a linear transformation with optimised parameters (2005)

Speaker dependence of automatic speech recognition systems can be reduced by applying speaker-specific transformations to adapt the speech signal of a new speaker to that of the reference speaker. Initial investigations showed that speaker adaptation can be performed by transformations using spectral weighting and spectral warping. These heuristic methods can be substituted by a general linear matrix transformation, the parameters of which are determined by mean square error optimisation. The improvement of the recognition rate achievable by this matrix transformation is very high, but the method needs a large learning set. This can be reduced by restriction of the matrix to a band including the main diagonal in the middle. This banded matrix yields results close to those of the general matrix. Adaptation can be performed speaker-specifically as well as speaker- and class-specifically. As the cost of phoneme class-specific adaptation is very high, a grouping of phonemes is proposed so that one adaptation parameter set is used for all phonemes that belong to any one group.
Software Model Checking SystemC (2013)

SystemC is an increasingly used language for writing executable specifications of systems-on-chip. The verification of SystemC, however, is a very difficult challenge. Simulation features great scalability, but can miss important defects. On the other hand, formal verification of SystemC is extremely hard because of the presence of threads, and the intricacies of the communication and scheduling mechanisms. In this paper, we explore formal verification for SystemC by means of software model checking techniques, which have demonstrated substantial progress in recent years. We propose an accurate model of SystemC and three complementary encodings of SystemC to finite-state processes, sequential and threaded programming models. We implement the proposed approaches in a tool chain and carry out a thorough experimental evaluation using several benchmarks taken from the literature on SystemC verification, and experimenting with different state-of-the-art software model checkers. The results clearly show the applicability and efficiency of the proposed approaches. In particular, the results show the effectiveness of the threaded and of the finite-model encodings to prove and disprove properties, respectively.
Intelligent Fault Diagnosis System in Large Industrial Networks (2008)

Traditional fault diagnosis system in large industrial networks is not intelligent enough and cannot predict faults. It is too expensive for industrial corporations. This paper brings forward an intelligent fault diagnosis system-IFDS, which uses new types of intelligent database technology, and has the ability of effectively solving the fault diagnosis and prediction issue of current industrial Ethernet network. In addition, this paper discusses some methods which can be implemented in IBM DB2 database.
A virtual environment system for the study of human arm tremor (1989)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1989.
Luminance re-mapping for the control of apparent material (2005)

We can visually estimate surface properties of natural objects, not only colour and lightness, but also glossiness, translucency, and softness. How does the human brain accomplish this job? Considering the fact that the image of a surface is a result of highly complex optical process including reflection, refraction, and scattering, one may think that the estimation of surface properties should involve deep, complex neural computations including 3D shape reconstruction. However, psychophysical evidence suggests that the perception of some surface qualities uses shallow and simple computations based on simple statistics or feautres in the 2D image. For example, Beck [1] have pointed out that the presence of highlights in the surface image is a strong cue for the perceived glossiness. Our recent analysis demonstrated that the perceived lightness and glossiness of a natural surface strongly depend on skew in the luminance histogram of the image [2,3].
Spectral hole burning in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (2003)

A new theoretical/numerical model of the spectral hole burning (SHB) effect in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) is suggested. A new measurement technique for SHB measurement is developed. Experiments are conducted to identify the particular mechanism of SHB. A computer simulation program is developed using this approach. The shape and depth of the spectral hole are in accordance with the suggested theory.
Room Temperature Oxalic Acid‐Catalyzed, Ambient Pressure Dried, and Cost‐Effective Synthesis of Polybenzoxazine Aerogels for Thermal Insulation (2020)

The quest for ambient pressure dried, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly synthesis technology has been continuously pursued throughout the aerogel research process. Herein, oxalic acid catalyst is used to synthesize a series of polybenzoxazine (PBZ) aerogels through room temperature ring‐opening polymerization and ambient pressure drying technique based on phenol‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane benzoxazine (PH–mda) monomer. The resultant PBZ aerogels with a microstructure of 3D nanoporous network exhibit a low density of 0.13–0.36 g cm −3 and relatively low thermal conductivities of 0.0323 (10 5 Pa) and 0.0119 W m −1 K −1 (10 Pa), respectively. Remarkably, PBZ aerogels possess excellent compressibility (the maximum strain can be more than 80%), high compressive modulus, and specific modulus because of their rough skeleton structure. Taking advantage of the simple synthetic route, easily scaled‐up, lightweight, low thermal conductivity, and excellent mechanical property, such PBZ aerogels may have great potential to serve as a new material for energy‐efficient buildings and the other thermal insulating field.
Serological relationships of geminivirus isolates from Gramineae in Australia (1992)

Three distinct viruses, named chloris striate mosaic virus (CSMV), paspalum striate mosaic virus (PaSMV) and digitaria didactyla striate mosaic virus (DDSMV), have been identified among the five Gramineae‐infecting geminiviruses from Australia using polyclonal antisera. An isolate from Microlaena was confirmed as a strain of CSMV, and an isolate from Bromus catharticus was identified as PaSMV‐BC. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detected relationships between all but one of the viruses tested, the exception being miscanthus streak virus (MiSV) from Japan. The Australian viruses proved to be distantly related to similar viruses from Africa, digitaria streak virus (DSV) from Vanuatu, and wheat dwarf virus (WDV) from Europe. Three distinct groups of viruses from Africa, Australia and Europe were distinguished by phylogenetic analysis.
New, Scalable Route for the Synthesis of a trans-Fused Hexahydro-1H-phenanthren-2-one from a Conjugated Tetrahydro-3H-phenanthren-2-one (2003)

Abstract A three-step, readily scalable route for the conversion of a ring-conjugated tetrahydro-3H-phenanthren-2-one to a trans-fused hexahydro-1H-phenanthren-2-one is described. The key step is the hydrogenation of a double bond using a nearby ketal moiety to assist in the stereoselective delivery of the hydrogen.
18F-FDG uptake in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix is correlated with glucose transporter 1 expression. (2004)

Glut-1 expression was related to (18)F-FDG uptake in cervical cancer patients. Recurrent or persistent cervical cancer tumor had significantly higher Glut-1 expression than metastatic lymph nodes. The values of SUV and the expression of Glut-1 did not correlate with the initial grade of histologic differentiation and FIGO staging.
An interface-enriched generalized finite element method for problems with discontinuous gradient fields (2010)

SUMMARY A new Generalized Finite Element Method (GFEM) is introduced for solving problems with discontinuous gradient fields. The method relies on enrichment functions associated with generalized degrees of freedom at the nodes generated from the intersection of the phase interface with element edges. The proposed approach has several advantages over conventional GFEM formulations, such as a lower computational cost, easier implementation, and straightforward handling of Dirichlet boundary conditions. A detailed convergence study of the proposed method and a comparison with the standard Finite Element Method (FEM) are presented for heat transfer problems. The method achieves the optimal rate of convergence using meshes that do not conform to the interfaces present in the domain while achieving a level of accuracy comparable to that of the standard FEM with conforming meshes. Various application problems are presented, including the conjugate heat transfer problem encountered in microvascular materials. Copyright c
Polyethylene terephthalate structural studies (1963)

Abstract The absorption intensity of a given infrared absorption band, in the infrared spectrum of an oriented polymer is composed of an orientation and a structural factor. A method is discussed, using polarized infrared radiation, which will measure the contribution of each. The ethylene glycol linkage of the polyethylene terephthalate molecule may exist in either of two forms. These forms are rotational isomers. The trans form of the molecule is the extended form, the gauche form is the relaxed form. The amorphous regions of polyethylene terephthalate films have been found to contain both of these isomers. Polymer orientation is summarized in terms of transition moment types. Orientation parameters characteristic of polyethylene terephthalate films are defined.
Potentialities of an Electro-Optic Crystal Fed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonant Coil for Remote and Low-Invasive Magnetic Field Characterization (2012)

In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> crystal associated with a typical nuclear magnetic resonant loop coil to perform an optically remote radio frequency magnetic-field characterization. The whole transduction scheme is theoretically and experimentally studied. The measurement dynamics reaches 60 dB. The minimum detectable magnetic field is lower than 1 nT, which corresponds to an induced inner crystal electric field as low as 30 mV/m. To evaluate the spatial potentialities of the sensor, a 1-D mapping of the field along an asymmetric butterfly-shaped loop coil is performed. The result is in good agreement with finite-difference time-domain simulations and demonstrates the vectorial behavior of the sensor device.
Nanoimprint lithography: challenges and prospects (2001)

We review the salient aspects of nanoimprint lithography and consider the challenges it faces in becoming a standard fabrication technique, such as costs and throughput. We discuss material issues such as visco-elasticity and functionality of the printed material. By way of an illustration, we present printing results of 50 nm features over a 2×2 cm2 area which are reproducible with high fidelity. Data of printing 15 nm features in PMMA using a Cr stamp was obtained.
Performance of Modern Fault Passage Indicator Concept in Compensated MV-Networks (2016)

This paper introduces a novel concept for fault passage indication applicable in secondary distribution level in compensated MV-networks. A special emphasis is put to dependable and secure detection of all kind of earth faults encountered in practical networks with overhead lines and underground cables. With the proposed solution requirements for sensitivity and selectivity are fulfilled not only in continuous solid and resistive earth faults, but also during restriking faults. The operation of the fault passage indication is based on the latest evolution of the neutral admittance based detection principle utilizing multifrequency admittance measurement. The performance of the proposed novel fault indication concept has been validated by a field test in a 20kV distribution network. The results show that the multifrequency admittance criterion provides very good overall performance and has thus a high potential to become a standard and widely used functionality in fault passage indication applications.
Flaw Inspection of Aluminum Pipes by Non-Contact Visualization of Circumferential Guided Waves using Laser Ultrasound Generation and an Air-Coupled Sensor (2014)

Our group had previously proposed a generation laser scanning system for visualizing ultrasound propagation on an object as an animate image, which provided visible and quick flaw inspection. Recently, we improved this system to make it completely non-contact by employing an air-coupled ultrasound transducer as a receiver instead of a contact transducer, and demonstrated the successful visualization of Lamb waves propagating on aluminum and carbon fiber reinforced plastic plates, as well as the detection of flaws. In this research, we applied this system to the non-contact visualization of circumferential guided waves on aluminum pipes. It was shown that circumferential guided waves propagating in opposite directions could be visualized separately, and that a flaw such as a slit or thinning on the inside surface of the pipe could be successfully detected even when it existed outside the scanning area.
Low-latency smart grid asset monitoring for load control of energy-efficient buildings (2012)

In the smart grid, demand-side is tightly coupled with the condition of the smart grid assets such as the transformers in a substation, capacitor banks, relays, etc. A fault occurring in any of those assets or an incident causing power quality degradation within a distribution system may trigger load control actions in energy-efficient buildings. In case of such critical conditions, load control actions need to be activated in a timely manner. Therefore, the status of the smart grid assets needs to be monitored in near real-time. Recently, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as promising monitoring tools in many fields including military, health and critical infrastructures. However, transmitting delay-critical data in the smart grid via WSNs needs data prioritization and delay-responsiveness. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of two schemes, namely the delay-responsive, cross layer (DRX) data transmission scheme, and the fair and delay-aware cross layer (FDRX) data transmission scheme in various smart grid environments. We consider an outdoor substation, an underground transformer vault and an indoor power room. We show that DRX has lower end-to-end delay than FDRX. On the other hand, delivery ratio of both DRX and FDRX degrades in the outdoor substation when compared to the underground transformer vault. Furthermore, DRX and FDRX are able to satisfy the tight delay requirements of the smart grid.
Reactive PLIF Method for Characterisation of Micromixing in Continuous High-Throughput Chemical Reactors (2022)

This work aimed to test and optimise reactive Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) methods for the visualisation of the micromixing regions in chemical reactors using standard PLIF and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) equipment with the laser source 512 nm. Two methods were tested: (i) an acid–base reaction with fluorescein as the reaction-sensitive tracer and (ii) Fenton’s reaction, with Rhodamine B as the reaction tracer. Both test-reactions were studied in stopped-flow equipment to define suitable operational conditions, namely the chemical composition of the inflow streams, the concentration of reagents and fluorophore, and suitable excitation light wavelength. The visualisation of the micromixing regions was tested in a continuous flow reactor with a T-jet geometry. A laser light sheet emitted from an Nd:YAG laser illuminated the axial section of the demonstration reactor. The mixing dynamics and the reaction course were visualised with the acid–base reactive PLIF images. Fenton’s reactive PLIF method showed the overall distribution of mixing and reaction regions. The main contribution of this work is benchmarking two methods with costs that enable the visualisation of micromixing regions in continuous high-throughput reactors.
Mechanistic Insights Into MicroRNA-Induced Neuronal Reprogramming of Human Adult Fibroblasts (2018)

The use of transcriptional factors as cell fate regulators are often the primary focus in the direct reprogramming of somatic cells into neurons. However, in human adult fibroblasts, deriving functionally mature neurons with high efficiency requires additional neurogenic factors such as microRNAs (miRNAs) to evoke a neuronal state permissive to transcription factors to exert their reprogramming activities. As such, increasing evidence suggests brain-enriched miRNAs, miR-9/9<sup>∗</sup> and miR-124, as potent neurogenic molecules through simultaneously targeting of anti-neurogenic effectors while allowing additional transcription factors to generate specific subtypes of human neurons. In this review, we will focus on methods that utilize neuronal miRNAs and provide mechanistic insights by which neuronal miRNAs, in synergism with brain-region specific transcription factors, drive the conversion of human fibroblasts into clinically relevant subtypes of neurons. Furthermore, we will provide insights into the age signature of directly converted neurons and how the converted human neurons can be utilized to model late-onset neurodegenerative disorders.
Cytokine storm in COVID-19: from viral infection to immune responses, diagnosis and therapy (2021)

The COVID-19 outbreak is emerging as a significant public health challenge. Excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, also known as cytokine storm, is a severe clinical syndrome known to develop as a complication of infectious or inflammatory diseases. Clinical evidence suggests that the occurrence of cytokine storm in severe acute respiratory syndrome secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is closely associated with the rapid deterioration and high mortality of severe cases. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the subsequent immunological events related to excessive cytokine production and inflammatory responses associated with ACE2-AngII signaling. An overview of the diagnosis and an update on current therapeutic regimens and vaccinations is also provided.
New five year biomedical engineering curriculum at Aalborg University (2000)

A new five year curriculum in Biomedical Engineering (MSc) has been established at Aalborg University. The curriculum reflects the multidisciplinary composition of Biomedical Engineering and it contains elements from the medical, engineering and natural sciences as well as humanities and the social sciences. The main objectives are to focus on the abilities and competencies that are required for biomedical engineers; this curriculum intends to deliver engineers with a good background in mathematics and physics and who are thoroughly trained in the engineering systems-approach. The curriculum follows the AAU study form with problem-oriented and project-organized studies. The first five semesters provides basic training in biomedical engineering, mathematics, physics, chemistry, physiology, electronics and applied computer science. In the last five semester three specialities are provided: Sensors, signals and systems (SSS), Medical Informatics (MI) and Bio-mechanical engineering (BM). The curriculum starts September 1st 2000.
ChemInform Abstract: Pt‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Diboration of Terminal Alkenes with B2(pin)2. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.