gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygen- and NssR-dependent Globin Expression and Enhanced Iron Acquisition in the Response of Campylobacter to Nitrosative Stress (2008)

Pathogenic bacteria experience nitrosative stress from NO generated in the host and from nitrosating species such as S-nitrosoglutathione. The food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni responds by activating gene expression from a small regulon under the control of the NO-sensitive regulator, NssR. Here, we describe the full extent of the S-nitrosoglutathione response using transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of batch- and chemostat-cultured C. jejuni. In addition to the NssR regulon, which includes two hemoglobins (Cgb and Ctb), we identify more than 90 other up-regulated genes, notably those encoding heat shock proteins and proteins involved in oxidative stress tolerance and iron metabolism/transport. Up-regulation of a subset of these genes, including cgb, is also elicited by NO-releasing compounds. Mutation of the iron-responsive regulator Fur results in insensitivity of growth to NO, suggesting that derepression of iron-regulated genes and augmentation of iron acquisition is a physiological response to nitrosative damage. We describe the effect of oxygen availability on nitrosative stress tolerance; cells cultured at higher rates of oxygen diffusion have elevated levels of hemoglobins, are more resistant to inhibition by NO of both growth and respiration, and consume NO more rapidly. The oxygen response is mediated by NssR. Thus, in addition to NO detoxification catalyzed by the hemoglobins Cgb and possibly Ctb, C. jejuni mounts an extensive stress response. We suggest that inhibition of respiration by NO may increase availability of oxygen for Cgb synthesis and function.
Bilaterally coherent tremor resembling enhanced physiological tremor: Report of three cases (2002)

The contribution of the central nervous system to tremor pathogenesis is unclear. Poor side-to-side coherence in physiological, essential, and parkinsonian tremors suggests distinct bilateral generators. By contrast, significant bilateral coherence demonstrated in orthostatic tremor and in enhanced physiological tremor (EPT) in patients with persistent mirror movements favours single or closely linked bilateral oscillators. We describe three patients (aged 21-37 years) who developed unusual bilateral postural and kinetic tremors at 6-13 Hz resembling EPT. The tremor involved all limbs, and in two cases the face or jaw, in the absence of other significant neurological features. Significant side-to-side coherence was demonstrated in each case using cross-correlation of electromyographic recordings from homologous muscle pairs. We postulate that these unusual tremors originate from a single brainstem source or from bilateral oscillators closely linked at or below this level.
Grafting of Ethylene Glycol Chains in Lignin during the Solvolysis for Biomass Conversion Using Ethylene Carbonate/Ethylene Glycol System (2007)

Abstract Solvolysis using mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethylene glycol (EG) was applied to softwood. In this solvolysis, EG was substituted for hydroxy groups in the lignin molecules. Chain extension reaction of substituted EG occurred during the solvolysis, and DP = 3.0 of oligo EG chains are grafted by 60-min reaction. Linear EG chains are introduced into lignin molecules during the biomass conversion process without additional chemical modification.
The application of a physical activity and location measurement system to public health interventions to promote physical activity (2009)

At least 60% of the world's population is not sufficiently active to benefit their health. This can be attributed in part to reduced participation in active leisure pursuits, and an increase in sedentary behavior in the workplace. Another key factor is that walking has declined in recent decades and this is thought to be due to an increase in car use and layout of urban environments which are dominated by cars and so do not appeal to pedestrians [4]. Other aspects of the local environment such as availability of parks and other recreation facilities, land use and transport system can also have a discouraging or alternatively an encouraging influence on walking and other forms of physical activity [6].
Multispectral LiDAR Data for Land Cover Classification of Urban Areas (2017)

Airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) systems usually operate at a monochromatic wavelength measuring the range and the strength of the reflected energy (intensity) from objects. Recently, multispectral LiDAR sensors, which acquire data at different wavelengths, have emerged. This allows for recording of a diversity of spectral reflectance from objects. In this context, we aim to investigate the use of multispectral LiDAR data in land cover classification using two different techniques. The first is image-based classification, where intensity and height images are created from LiDAR points and then a maximum likelihood classifier is applied. The second is point-based classification, where ground filtering and Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVIs) computation are conducted. A dataset of an urban area located in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, is classified into four classes: buildings, trees, roads and grass. An overall accuracy of up to 89.9% and 92.7% is achieved from image classification and 3D point classification, respectively. A radiometric correction model is also applied to the intensity data in order to remove the attenuation due to the system distortion and terrain height variation. The classification process is then repeated, and the results demonstrate that there are no significant improvements achieved in the overall accuracy.
Digestion of Proteins in Gels for Sequence Analysis (1995)

Abstract A high percentage of eukaroytic proteins have blocked amino termini, so it is usually necessary to cleave the protein chemically or enzymatically to obtain the partial sequences needed for cDNA cloning. Because SDS‐PAGE is the current method of choice for the final purification of the &gt;25 pmol amounts of protein that are usually required for internal sequencing, procedures that can be used to digest proteins in situ in SDS‐polyacrylamide gels are often the most useful and have the added benefit of eliminating losses that may occur during blotting. Two strategies have been developed to respond to this need and to deal with the unique problems posed by SDS, which are that SDS inhibits trypsin, one of the enzymes that is most commonly used for internal sequencing studies, and also interferes with reversed‐phase HPLC. In this unit, SDS is removed from the gel prior to enzymatic cleavage by the staining and subsequent washing steps. An acetonitrile wash is performed to remove residual SDS from the protein sample, and Tween 20 is then added back to the sample to maintain the solubility of the denatured protein. In an alternate protocol, the gel slices are washed with ammonium bicarbonate and the protein samples digested in the absence of detergent. Support protocols are provided for determining the amount of protein present in the sample via amino acid analysis, and for reducing and alkylating proteins separated by SDS‐PAGE (which facilitates the identification of cysteine residues during subsequent peptide sequencing reactions).
Dynamics of gas–surface interactions: 3D generalized Langevin model applied to fcc and bcc surfaces (1980)

A three dimensional generalized Langevin formalism is presented and applied to Ar and Xe interactions with Pt (111). Approximations for the random force and friction terms are proposed which permit realistic description of the motion and response of the surface atoms, including proper correlations among neighboring atoms. A ’’ghost atom’’ technique is developed which provides convenient numerical solution of the generalized Langevin equations in such a way that the fluctuation–dissipation theorem relating the random force and friction is satisfied rigorously. A simple prescription for determining parameters in the random force and friction is outlined. The prescription is applied to a four-atom active zone to obtain explicit relationships for all parameters, depending only on the bulk and surface Debye frequencies, for fcc (100), (110), and (111), and bcc (100) and (110) surfaces. Calculations of energy accommodation, sticking probabilities, and thermal desorption rates are reported for Ar and Xe on Pt(111). The sensitivity of these properties on the parameters of the random force and friction, i.e., on the phonon spectrum, is examined. The dependence is found to be sufficiently weak to demonstrate convincingly that the generalized Langevin approach with relatively simple parameterization is capable of describing gas–surface dynamics with high accuracy.
Experimental development of a fixed volume, gravity draining, prosthetic urinary bladder. (1991)

A fixed volume, semi-rigid, gravity draining prosthetic urinary bladder has been developed in experimental animals. The conceptual model demands: 1) an encrustation resistant lumenal surface; 2) successful urothelial-prosthesis and bowel-prosthesis anastomoses; 3) a transcutaneous abdominal wall prosthesis that bonds with skin, muscle, bladder, and peritoneum which resists external and intraluminal bacterial challenge; and 4) an air permeable, fluid impermeable filter which allows passive filling and gravity evacuation of urine. The principles involved have been successfully tested in rodents, rabbits, swine, and dogs. To date two total alloplastic prosthetic bladders fabricated from Biolor II and Proplast have been inserted in mini-swine for 4 weeks.
Sequential optimization of speed, thermal load, and power split in connected HEVs (2019)

The emergence of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) provides an unprecedented opportunity to capitalize on these technologies well beyond their original designed intents. While abundant evidence has been accumulated showing substantial fuel economy improvement benefits achieved through advanced powertrain control, the implications of the CAV operation on power and thermal management have not been fully investigated. In this paper, in order to explore the opportunities for the coordination between the onboard thermal management and the power split control, we present a sequential optimization solution for eco-driving speed trajectory planning, air conditioning (A/C) thermal load planning (eco-cooling), and powertrain control in hybrid electric CAVs to evaluate the individual as well as the collective energy savings through proactive usage of traffic data for vehicle speed prediction. Simulation results over a real-world driving cycle show that compared to a baseline non-CAV, 11.9%, 14.2%, and 18.8% energy savings can be accumulated sequentially through speed, thermal load, and power split optimizations, respectively.
Teach Yourself Lotus Notes 4.5 (1996)

From the Publisher:
Master the basics of Lotus Notes 4.5 or polish existing skills with teach yourself...Lotus Notes 4.5. After laying the groundwork, networking wiz Bill Kreisle moves on to more advanced features such as e-mail, remote access to your data, Agents, and using Full Text Searching. teach yourself...Lotus Notes 4.5 also covers Navigators, Folders, and Notes Mail and shows you how to use Notes to manage other applications. You can use the sample Notes database on the disk to reinforce all Notes concepts as well.
De Lausanne à Yaoundé : l’aventure des MOOCs (2016)

La révolution digitale transforme les universités. Les cours massifs en ligne (MOOCs) ouverts, gratuits et produits par les meilleures universités en sont une expression majeure. Nous rendons compte ici d’un programme original de MOOCs déployés en Afrique et coproduits en partie par l’École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) et des partenaires universitaires africains. En deux ans, 54 000 inscriptions nous sont parvenues de résidents d’Afrique, parmi lesquelles 17 000 ont réellement été actives, émanant pour les deux tiers de jeunes en formation, et pour un tiers d’adultes en formation continue. Au travers d’une meilleure acquisition de compétences par une plus large base d’apprenants, notre programme MOOCs pour l’Afrique - en collaboration avec les partenaires académiques du continent africain - vise à combler le manque de personnels qualifiés dans des domaines clés pour les économies émergentes.
A comparison of central venous pressure (CVP) in the superior vena cava and common iliac vein in critically ill patients (1997)

Background and objectives: The optimal mode of treatment in spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) is controversial. We assessed the value of hematoma evacuation in SICH in a case-control study. Methods: One hundred and forty-five patients with SICH without tumor or vascular abnormalities. Indication for surgery were made upon admission in 11 and after clinical deterioration in 13 patients. Assessed were age, sex. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), pupillary reaction on admission, localisation, etiology and hematoma volume, presence of ventricular blood, and Glasgow Outcome Scale on discharge. From further analysis patients > 80 years or with hematoma volume < 10 ml were excluded. Statistical analysis included: (i) a multiple regression model to determine prognostic factors; (ii) comparison between medical and surgical patients; (iii) matching the 24 evacuated with 24 medical patients according to those parameters retained from the regression model and additionally to other suspected factors influencing outcome; (iv) comparison between both groups to confirm comparability; and (v) testing for different outcome between the groups. Results: Prognostic factors were GCS, hematoma volume and location. All 24 evacuated patients could be matched to a medically treated patient regarding age, hematoma volume and location. GCS and pupillary reaction. Differences between both groups could not be detected. Outcome was not different between the medical and surgical group. Conclusions: Hematoma evacuation does not improve outcome in supratentorial spontaneous hemorrhages. Since mainly deteriorating patients were evacuated, the only effect of hematoma evacuation may be to stop deterioration rather than to improve overall outcome.
Soft switching based on analysis of transient and steady‐state characteristics: Application to a single‐ended high‐frequency inverter (1993)

Abstract A single‐ended resonant‐type high‐frequency inverter using a static induction transistor (SIT) described in this paper can be performed as a zero current switching (ZCS) operation without dc reactor. The SIT high‐frequency inverter is a low‐cost one which has no transformer and it would be developed for a high‐intensity ultrasonic power supply and dc‐dc converter. The circuit operation regions, not only ZCS but also ZCS‐ZVS (zero current switching and zero voltage switching), were elucidated in the normalized plane. The characteristics of the inverter including the power control by frequency regulation were discussed. Furthermore, the switching characteristics in the transient‐state were investigated. These characteristics were substantiated on the basis of the numerical analysis and experimental results.
The orientation axis comparison of order parameters of anthraquinone dyes in a liquid crystal phase (1987)

Abstract Three different molecule‐fixed coordinate systems have a distinct significance for the calculation of order parameters. Only one of them is suitable to define an orientation axis ( x * 3 ) in order to obtain order parameters which can be used for a comparison between systems of different molecules. For the majority of point symmetry groups, these axes x * are fixed by symmetry. The selection of the orientation axis x * 3 from the x 3 depends on a special quantitative condition. By means of 15 aminoanthraquinones dissolved in the compensated nematic phase of cholesteryl chloride/cholesteryl laurate and in addition some of them in ZLI 1695 (Merck), the consequences of the choice of the reference axis x 3 for determining order parameters have been analyzed. By this it has been shown experimentally that order parameters ‐ measured by different methods IR, UV, e. g. ‐ are only comparable if they refer to x * 3 . For two dyes (4,12) the orientation axis x * 3 switches about π/2 depending on the special type of substituents. For the structure ‐ order parameter relation it has been shown that the 15 dyes can be arranged in two series. One series obeys the usual rule of increasing S * with increasing length to width ratio. The second series does not fit in this dependence.
CATPUAL - An Innovative and High-Performance Hybrid Laminate with Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane (2017)

In consideration of environmental aspects and limited availability of resources, the focus of automotive and aerospace industry lies on significant weight optimisations especially for moving loads. In this context, innovative lightweight materials as well as material combinations need to be developed. A considerable potential for lightweight structures can be found in fibre- or textile-reinforced semi-finished products. Due to their specific characteristics and extraordinary structural diversity, thermoset and thermoplastic matrix systems can be used. In particular, carbon fibres as reinforcing components combined with a thermoplastic matrix polymer are able to create new high-performance applications. Besides the significant lightweight characteristics of the fibre-plastic-composites, in some instances contrary requirements must be satisfied in many areas, such as strength and ductility. In this field, the combination of fibre-reinforced polymers with aluminium or titanium sheets creates unique composite materials, so called hybrid laminates, which fulfil the unusual expectations.The focus of the current study lies on the development of a new thermoplastic hybrid laminate named CATPUAL (CArbon fibre-reinforced Thermoplastic PolyUrethane/ALuminium laminate). The structure of the laminate is an alternating sequence of thin aluminium sheets (EN AW 6082-T4) and fibre-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The individual layers are consolidated to each other by using a hot pressing process. First results showed that the impregnation capability of thermoplastic polyurethane surpasses any other commercially available hybrid laminates. Furthermore, the mechanical properties regarding bending strength and interlaminar shear strength are exceeding the state of the art drastically.
LINEAR H + H$sub 2$: EXACT AND APPROXIMATE REACTION PROBABILITIES. (1971)

in the reaction probability and other features. A systematic variation in both the quantum and quasiclassical reaction probabilities with the saddle point location of the surface is observed.
Fast timing recovery for partial-response signaling systems (2003)

An algorithm for fast adjustment of the sample-timing phase in receivers for communication or storage systems using partial-response signaling is presented. For initial adjustment of the timing phase, a known preamble is transmitted. At the beginning of adjustment, previous timing-recovery schemes could occasionally hang up for an extended period of time at the unstable equilibrium point halfway between the desired sampling times. The presented algorithm eliminates the hangup problem by introducing a hysteresis effect that greatly diminishes the probability of reversals of the once chosen direction of timing-phase adjustment. Thus, reliable adjustment of the timing phase with a much shorter preamble is possible. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated by computer simulation results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A New Route to Obtain High-Yield Multiple-Shaped Gold Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution using Microwave Irradiation (2008)

A highly effective, very fast microwave method is described to synthesize shape controlled gold nanoparticles in the presence of 2,7-dihydroxy naphthalene (2,7-DHN) as a new reducing agent under microwave heating for 60−90 s. The growth of the particles with different shapes (spherical, polygonal, rod, and triangular/prisms) was directed by the surfactant to metal ion molar ratios and the concentration of 2,7-DHN. The evolved nanorods and nanoprisms are fairly small in diameter, and the particle size and shape were successfully tuned just by varying the molar ratios of the reactants. The process presented here can be extended to the synthesis of other nanomaterials with desired size and shape and might find a variety of applications in wide areas, such as catalysis, clinical and diagnostic medicine, and nanoelectronics.
Vector analysis of gastrointestinal biomagnetic fields (2004)

Vector measurements of the magnetic field from gastrointestinal smooth muscle consist of three orthogonal components. These three components may be projected into arbitrary directions that affect the signal-to-noise ratio and emphasize particular aspects of interest in the biomagnetic signal. We describe two techniques for projection of magnetic field vectors that are suitable for analysis of gastric and intestinal biomagnetic fields. The technique known as vector projection technique-external reference correlation (VPT-ERC) allows us to obtain strong correlations with external reference signals. Another technique, vector projection technique-frequency correlation (VPT-FC), enables the discrimination of biomagnetic signals from different sources of bioelectric activity. Each of these methods produces information that is not attainable through the measurement of any individual magnetic field component.
Quantitative assessment of chromosome instability induced through chemical disruption of mitotic progression (2016)

Most solid tumors are aneuploid, carrying an abnormal number of chromosomes, and they frequently missegregate whole chromosomes in a phenomenon termed chromosome instability (CIN). While CIN can be provoked through disruption of numerous mitotic pathways, it is not clear which of these mechanisms are most critical, or whether alternative mechanisms could also contribute significantly in vivo. One difficulty in determining the relative importance of candidate CIN regulators has been the lack of a straightforward, quantitative assay for CIN in live human cells: While gross mitotic abnormalities can be detected visually, moderate levels of CIN may not be obvious, and are thus problematic to measure. To address this issue, we have developed the first Human Artificial Chromosome (HAC)-based quantitative live-cell assay for mitotic chromosome segregation in human cells. We have produced U2OS-Phoenix cells carrying the alphoid(tetO)-HAC encoding copies of eGFP fused to the destruction box (DB) of anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) substrate hSecurin and sequences encoding the tetracycline repressor fused to mCherry (TetR-mCherry). Upon HAC missegregation, daughter cells that do not obtain a copy of the HAC are GFP negative in the subsequent interphase. The HAC can also be monitored live following the TetR-mCherry signal. U2OS-Phoenix cells show low inherent levels of CIN, which can be enhanced by agents that target mitotic progression through distinct mechanisms. This assay allows direct detection of CIN induced by clinically important agents without conspicuous mitotic defects, allowing us to score increased levels of CIN that fall below the threshold required for discernable morphological disruption.
The value of tester accuracy (2003)

This article outlines the importance of the tester edge placement accuracy (EPA) for device testing. In particular we quantify the value of that accuracy to the Rambus manufacturer in terms of yield loss and escapes (in DPM). A simulation is presented that models the tester accuracy, the device edge distribution and their interaction at the current Rambus speed of 800 Mbps. The same model can be applied for microprocessors or other parts that operate near the limits of ATE performance. With the estimated RDRAM yields and selling prices, the model shows a value of over a /spl epsi/ for every 1ps of enhanced accuracy.