gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Insights into “The Riddle of the Mast Cells”: Microenvironmental Regulation of Mast Cell Development and Phenotypic Heterogeneity (1990)

At no time in recent memory has it been so difficult to offer succint generalizations about the biology of the mast cell, or its role in health and disease. This situation is something of a paradox, since there have been significant recent advances in experimental approaches for analyzing mast cell development, biochemistry and function, and the application of these methods has already generated much important new data. However, some of these findings have required that certain widely held beliefs about the mast cell be reevaluated. Indeed, in virtually every facet of the cell’s natural history, from its differentiation and maturation to its biochemistry and function, recent work has revealed considerably more complexity than had previously been suspected to exist. To those involved in mast cell research, this exciting progress has raised hopes that “the riddle of the mast cells” (223), i.e., their specific roles in health and disease, might soon be solved. But to those whose acquaintance with the mast cell is more casual, the rapidly accumulating mass of new information may have caused no small amount of confusion.
In Situ Synthesis of NiS Nanowall Networks on Ni Foam as a TCO-Free Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2014)

Nickel sulfide (NiS) nanowall networks have been prepared by a novel one-step hydrothermal method on a nickel (Ni) foam substrate. The Ni foam has a high conductivity and porous structure. To our knowledge, the Ni foam is used as a conductive substrate for the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) for the first time. The Ni foam is used as not only the conductive substrate but also the Ni sources of the reaction. The Ni foam supported NiS prepared by this simple hydrothermal method shows high catalytic activity for reduction of triiodide ions. The DSSC with a transparent conductive oxide (TCO)-free NiS counter electrode (CE) was herein developed and showed a higher power conversion efficiency of 8.55% than that with a TCO supported NiS CE (7.47%) and a TCO supported platinum CE (7.99%).
In-line geometric fault detection in car parts based on structured light projection and image processing (2003)

An inspection system is developed to replace manual inspection in a production line for car parts. The system, based on projected structured light, combining Gray code and phase shifting and using B/W CCD cameras and multi-media data projectors, provides robust height measurement images with a high resolution. By carefully observing a number of parameters, it is possible to attain this high resolution in a large measurement volume even with low-cost, off-the-shelf components. We have been able to achieve a noise floor in the phase determination of 30 mrad, which is better than the much reported 1 part in 10,000. The use of 4 cameras, 3 projectors and a turning operation allows total coverage of the complex shape part. A model of normal parts is designed using height measurement images of normal parts. This model represents both expected part dimensions in all camera views as well as normal variations. In order to compare measurements of new parts with the model, an alignment of the images is performed. The deviations between the measured part and the model are analyzed. Deviations outside the normal variation are classified as faults. The system is thus able to find geometrical faults as small as 2x2x0.25 mm in a part that measures roughly 400x400 mm and can decide whether or not to remove a part from the production line. Integrating optical metrology, image processing and robotics, we are able to design a complete system for in-line inspection of car parts with total coverage that is able to keep up with the production cycle time.
Bim Inhibits Autophagy by Recruiting Beclin 1 to Microtubules (2012)

Bim is a proapoptotic BH3-only Bcl-2 family member. In response to death stimuli, Bim dissociates from the dynein light chain 1 (DYNLL1/LC8), where it is inactive, and can then initiate Bax/Bak-mediated mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. We found that Bim depletion increases autophagosome synthesis in cells and in vivo, and this effect is inhibited by overexpression of cell death-deficient Bim. Bim inhibits autophagy by interacting with Beclin 1, an autophagy regulator, and this interaction is facilitated by LC8. Bim bridges the Beclin 1-LC8 interaction and thereby inhibits autophagy by mislocalizing Beclin 1 to the dynein motor complex. Starvation, an autophagic stimulus, induces Bim phosphorylation, which abrogates LC8 binding to Bim, leading to dissociation of Bim and Beclin 1. Our data suggest that Bim switches locations between apoptosis-inactive/autophagy-inhibitory and apoptosis-active/autophagy-permissive sites.
Risk Assessment of Drometrizole, a Cosmetic Ingredient used as an Ultraviolet Light Absorber (2019)

As the use of cosmetics has greatly increased in a daily life, safety issues with cosmetic ingredients have drawn an attention. Drometrizole [2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole] is categorized as a sunscreen ingredient and is used in cosmetics and non-cosmetics as a UV light absorber. No significant toxicity has been observed in acute oral, inhalation, or dermal toxicity studies. In a 13-week oral toxicity study in beagle dogs, No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was determined as 31.75 mg/kg bw/day in males and 34.6 mg/kg bw/day in females, based on increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity. Although drometrizole was negative for skin sensitization in two Magnusson-Kligman maximization tests in guinea pigs, there were two case reports of consumers presenting with allergic contact dermatitis. Drometrizole showed no teratogenicity in reproductive and developmental toxicity studies in which rats and mice were treated for 6 to 15 days of the gestation period. Ames tests showed that drometrizole was not mutagenic. A long-term carcinogenicity study using mice and rats showed no significant carcinogenic effect. A nail product containing 0.03% drometrizole was nonirritating, non-sensitizing and non-photosensitizing in a test with 147 human subjects. For risk assessment, the NOAEL chosen was 31.75 mg/kg bw/day in a 13-week oral toxicity study. Systemic exposure dosages were 0.27228 mg/kg bw/day and 1.90598 mg/kg bw/day for 1% and 7% drometrizole in cosmetics, respectively. Risk characterization studies demonstrated that when cosmetic products contain 1.0% of drometrizole, the margin of safety was greater than 100. Based on the risk assessment data, the MFDS revised the regulatory concentration of drometrizole from 7% to 1% in 2015. Under current regulation, drometrizole is considered to be safe for use in cosmetics. If new toxicological data are obtained in the future, the risk assessment should be carried out to update the appropriate guidelines.
Enhanced Molecular Order in Polythiophene Films Electropolymerized in a Mixed Electrolyte of Anionic Surfactants and Boron Trifluoride Diethyl Etherate (2012)

We synthesized polythiophene (PTh) films on stainless steel electrodes using chronoamperometry in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) electrolyte with anionic surfactants. The presence of the anionic surfactants in BFEE reduced the oxidation potential of thiophene and increased the oxidation current during electropolymerization. The measured in-plane electrical conductivity of PTh films synthesized in the presence of anionic surfactants was up to 300% higher than that of films synthesized under similar conditions without surfactants. The observed increase in conductivity reflects the improved order and packing of polymer chains revealed by X-ray diffraction.
Non-coding genomic regions possessing enhancer and silencer potential are associated with healthy aging and exceptional survival (2015)

We have completed a genome-wide linkage scan for healthy aging using data collected from a family study, followed by fine-mapping by association in a separate population, the first such attempt reported. The family cohort consisted of parents of age 90 or above and their children ranging in age from 50 to 80. As a quantitative measure of healthy aging, we used a frailty index, called FI34, based on 34 health and function variables. The linkage scan found a single significant linkage peak on chromosome 12. Using an independent cohort of unrelated nonagenarians, we carried out a fine-scale association mapping of the region suggestive of linkage and identified three sites associated with healthy aging. These healthy-aging sites (HASs) are located in intergenic regions at 12q13-14. HAS-1 has been previously associated with multiple diseases, and an enhancer was recently mapped and experimentally validated within the site. HAS-2 is a previously uncharacterized site possessing genomic features suggestive of enhancer activity. HAS-3 contains features associated with Polycomb repression. The HASs also contain variants associated with exceptional longevity, based on a separate analysis. Our results provide insight into functional genomic networks involving non-coding regulatory elements that are involved in healthy aging and longevity.
Skyrmion Brownian circuit implemented in continuous ferromagnetic thin film (2020)

The fabrication of a circuit capable of stabilizing skyrmions is important for the realization of micro- to nano-sized skyrmion devices. Ultralow power Brownian computers have been theoretically proposed and are a promising example of a skyrmion-based device. However, such devices have not been realized as it would require skyrmions to be stabilized and easily movable within a circuit. Skyrmion circuits fabricated by the etching of ferromagnetic films often decrease the dipolar magnetic field stabilizing the skyrmions, thus preventing their formation. In this study, a skyrmion Brownian circuit has been implemented in a continuous ferromagnetic film with patterned SiO2 capping to stabilize the skyrmion formation. The patterned SiO2 capping controls the saturation field of the ferromagnetic layer and forms a wire-shaped skyrmion potential well, which stabilizes skyrmion formation in the circuit. Moreover, using this patterned SiO2 capping, we have implemented a Y-junction hub circuit exhibiting no pinning site at the junction, contrary to conventional etched hubs. Thus, this technique enables the efficient control of skyrmion-based memory and logic devices to move closer toward the realization of Brownian computers.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Rat Expressed Sequences (2004)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common source of genetic variation in populations and are thus most likely to account for the majority of phenotypic and behavioral differences between individuals or strains. Although the rat is extensively studied for the latter, data on naturally occurring polymorphisms are mostly lacking. We have used publicly available sequences consisting of whole-genome shotgun (WGS), expressed sequence tag (EST), and mRNA data as a source for the in silico identification of SNPs in gene-coding regions and have identified a large collection of 33,305 high-quality candidate SNPs. Experimental verification of 471 candidate SNPs using a limited set of rat isolates revealed a confirmation rate of approximately 50%. Although the majority of SNPs were identified between Sprague-Dawley (EST data) and Brown Norway (WGS data) strains, we found that 66% of the verified variations are common among different rat strains. All SNPs were extensively annotated, including chromosomal and genetic map information, and nonsynonymous SNPs were analyzed by SIFT and PolyPhen prediction programs for their potential deleterious effect on protein function. Interestingly, we retrieved three SNPs from the database that result in the introduction of a premature stop codon and that could be confirmed experimentally. Two of these "in silico-identified knockouts" reside in interesting QTL regions. Data are publicly available via a Web interface (http://cascad.niob.knaw.nl), allowing simple and advanced search queries.
Dopaminylation in Psychostimulant Use Disorder Protects Against PsychostimulantSeeking Behavior by Normalizing Nucleus Accumbens (NAc)Dopamine Expression (2021)

The decrease in Src signaling in NAc D2-MSNs, (like the DRD2 Taq A2 allele, a well-known genetic mechanism protective against SUD) normalizes the NAc dopamine expression and decreases cocaine reward and motivation to self-administer cocaine. The Srcin1 may be an important therapeutic target.
The photo-triggered discharge as an alternative device for NO-removal (2002)

Summary form only given. Compared to the performance reported in the literature for the filamentary discharges (pulsed corona or DBD), the photo-triggered reactor appears as an interesting alternative for flue gas treatment. This mature discharge technique, previously developed and optimized for high power laser pumping, allows to uniformly inject electrical energy in high pressure high flow rates gas mixtures. Recent experimental and modelisation studies (Rozoy et al., 1999) on NO-removal in dry air have shown that NO destruction efficiencies between 30 and 100% are achieved in only one shot with energetic costs in the range 15 to 50 eV per removed NO molecule, for input specific energy lower than 150 Joule/litre and without additives such as moisture, ammonia or hydrocarbons. Such performance compares well with the performance of the electron beam technique, with lower investment costs, The present work summarized and discussed results obtained on NO-removal using a 50 cm/sup 3/ active volume reactor. In this device, pre-ionization of the N/sub 2//O/sub 2//NO mixture is produced by UV emission from an auxiliary surface discharge located under the cathode of the main discharge, which allows handling simplicity and cost effectiveness.
A Case of Disseminated Herpes Zoster with Vesicles Accentuated in an Area Treated with a Wet Compress (2013)

82 歳，男性。頭部，体幹，下肢に水疱形成を生じ，背部の湿布貼付部に集簇して小水疱形成を認めたため当院を受診した。関節リウマチでプレドニゾロン，ミゾリビンを内服中であった。初診の 3 日前に腰痛症のため湿布を処方され腰背部に貼付していた。背部には左右対称性に水疱形成しており，一部に帯状疱疹様の片側性の痂皮形成があった。背部水疱の病理組織学的所見は表皮内水疱があり，水疱底には球状変性を来した細胞があり，水疱内には多核巨細胞が混在していた。ウイルス抗体価 (EIA 法) で VZV IgM は陰性，VZV IgG は陽性であった。散布疹が湿布貼付部に集簇した汎発性帯状疱疹と診断し，アシクロビル点滴を開始したところ 1 週間で水疱は痂皮化した。水痘や汎発性帯状疱疹は日光暴露部や炎症先行部，外傷部などに集簇することが知られている。散布疹が湿布貼付部に集簇した汎発性帯状疱疹は稀であるため報告する。
Mode selective excitation mechanisms in molecules using shaped pulses (2002)

Summary form only given. A major goal of coherent control is to enable mode-selective excitation of molecules. Pulse shaping combined with learning control loops has been demonstrated to be a highly effective technique for coherent control. For many experiments however, the mechanism behind the control is not well understood. Moreover, previous work on controlling molecular vibration has largely been limited to molecular beams or cryogenically cooled systems. Here we present results on controlling nuclear vibrations in atmospheric density, room temperature (/spl sim/300K), molecular gases. By using very broad-bandwidth pulses, we can impulsively excite selected vibrations, and also shape the light pulse to suppress or enhance specific modes in SF/sub 6/ and CO/sub 2/. This work extends the reach of previous experiments to macroscopic quantities of gas at room temperatures. In addition, accurate characterization of optimized pulses provided by FROG allows us to interpret the control mechanism.
Reaction of Disulfide and Trisulfide with N-Chlorocarboxamide (1972)

The reactions of diaryl disulfide with N-chlorosuccinimide, N-chloroacetamide and N-chlorosaccharine were attempted. When diaryl disulfide was allowed to react with N-chlorosuccinimide in the presence of pyridine, N-arylsulfensuccinimide was obtained in moderate yield. The reaction of di (p- and m-nitrophenyl) disulfide with N-chloroacetamide in the similar conditions was also successfully carried out to yield the corresponding N-sulfenacetamide, though dibenzyl disulfide reacted to give exclusively N-sulphidobisacetamide. In the reaction with N-chlorosaccharine, N-sulfensaccharine was successful to isolate only in the case of di (o-nitrophenyl). disulfide. Dibenzyl trisulfides also reacted with N-chlorosuccinimide under the similar conditions to give N-phenyl-methanesulfensuccinimides.
Phase I study of the anti-IGF1R antibody cixutumumab with everolimus and octreotide in advanced well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (2015)

Preclinical data suggest multiple roles for the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), including mediating resistance to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. Everolimus, an oral mTOR inhibitor, and octreotide long-acting repeatable (LAR) are approved for subgroups of well-differentiated NET. The primary objective of the present study was to establish the safety and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of cixutumumab, a monoclonal antibody (MAB) against IGF1R, with everolimus and octreotide LAR. Patients with well-differentiated NET were treated with 10 mg everolimus p.o. daily, 20 mg octreotide LAR i.m. every 21 days, and escalating doses of cixutumumab. An expansion cohort was enrolled at RP2D. Correlative studies included the evaluation of mTOR pathway inhibition in paired tumor biopsies and the effects of this combination on metabolism via indirect calorimetry. Nineteen patients with progressive disease were enrolled, including nine to the expansion portion. Two patients had dose-limiting toxicities of grade 3 mucositis at 15 mg/kg cixutumumab. Long-term tolerance at RP2D was problematic, and the most common ≥grade 3 adverse event was fatigue. One patient with metastatic insulinoma had a confirmed partial response, whereas 17 had stable disease. The median progression-free survival was 43.6 weeks, and the median overall survival was 25.5 months. The RP2D of this combination per the predefined study protocol of 10 mg/kg cixutumumab i.v., 20 mg octreotide LAR i.m. every 21 days plus 10 mg everolimus p.o. daily is associated with non-dose-limiting toxicities that limit long-term tolerance. Although a signal of activity was noted in the present study, this will need to be reconciled with limited tolerance of the combination and data from larger studies of anti-IGF1R MABs in NET that have been disappointing.
Thermal modification of wood—a review: chemical changes and hygroscopicity (2021)

Abstract Thermal modification is a well-established commercial technology for improving the dimensional stability and durability of timber. Numerous reviews of thermally modified timber (TMT) are to be found in the scientific literature, but until now a review of the influence of cell wall moisture content during the modification process on the properties of TMT has been lacking. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the hygroscopic and dimensional behaviour of TMT modified under dry (cell wall at nearly zero moisture content) and wet (cell wall contains moisture) conditions. After an overview of the topic area, the review explores the literature on the thermal degradation of the polysaccharidic and lignin components of the cell wall, as well as the role of extractives. The properties of TMT modified under wet and dry conditions are compared including mass loss, hygroscopic behaviour and dimensional stability. The role of hydroxyl groups in determining the hygroscopicity is discussed, as well as the importance of considering the mobility of the cell wall polymers and crosslinking when interpreting sorption behaviour. TMT produced under wet processing conditions exhibits behaviour that changes when the wood is subjected to water leaching post-treatment, which includes further weight loss, changes in sorption behaviour and dimensional stability, but without any further change in accessible hydroxyl (OH) content. This raises serious questions regarding the role that OH groups play in sorption behaviour. Graphical abstract
Circular-Symmetric Correlation Layer based on FFT (2021)

Despite the vast success of standard planar convolutional neural networks, they are not the most efficient choice for analyzing signals that lie on an arbitrarily curved manifold, such as a cylinder. The problem arises when one performs a planar projection of these signals and inevitably causes them to be distorted or broken where there is valuable information. We propose a Circular-symmetric Correlation Layer (CCL) based on the formalism of roto-translation equivariant correlation on the continuous group $S^1 \times \mathbb{R}$, and implement it efficiently using the well-known Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm. We showcase the performance analysis of a general network equipped with CCL on various recognition and classification tasks and datasets. The PyTorch package implementation of CCL is provided online.
IBISCA-Panama, a large-scale study of arthropod beta-diversity and vertical stratification in a lowland rainforest: rationale, study sites and field protocols (2007)

IBISCA-Panama (&amp;quot;Investigating the BIodiversity of Soil and Canopy Arthropods&amp;quot;, Panama module) represents a large-scale research initiative to quantify the spatial distribution of arthropod biodiversity in a Neotropical forest, using a combination of (1) international collaboration, (2) a set of common research questions, and (3) an integrated experimental design. Here, we present the rationale of the programme, describe the study sites, and outline field protocols. In the San Lorenzo Protected Area of Panama, twelve 20 x 20 m sites, all less than 2 km apart, were surveyed for plants and arthropods, from the ground to the upper canopy. Access to the canopy and its fauna was facilitated by fogging, single-rope techniques and a variety of devices such as a canopy crane, the &amp;quot;SolVin-Bretzel&amp;quot; canopy raft, the canopy bubble and Ikos. IBISCA-Panama represented the first attempt to combine these complementary techniques of canopy access in a large-scale investigation. Such techniques provided spatial replication during initial field work performed in September-October 2003. Temporal replication across seasons consisted of subsequent field work of varying intensity during dry, early wet and late wet periods in 2004. Arthropods were surveyed using 14 different protocols targeting the soil, litter, understorey, mid-canopy and upper canopy habitats. These protocols included: WINKLER sifting; BERLESE-TULLGREN; hand-collecting of galls and social insects; fogging; beating; woodrearing; baits; and various types of traps such as pitfall, small and large flight-interception, sticky, light, and Malaise traps. Currently, analyses of arthropod distribution in this forest concentrate on a set of 63 focal taxa representing different phylogenies and lifehistories. IBISCA-Panama may be considered as a model for largescale research programmes targeting invertebrate biodiversity. Its collaborative modus operandi can be applied to answer a variety of pressing ecological questions related to forest biodiversity, as evidenced by the recent development of further IBISCA programmes in other parts of the world.