gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Diagnosis of Alcohol and Cannabis Dependence in Cocaine Dependents and Alcohol Dependence in their Families (1989)

Genetic research in alcoholism has made major advances in recent decades. Twin, adoption, high-risk and familial studies have demonstrated an inheritance factor in alcoholism. Few studies have demonstrated a genetic predisposition to cocaine and cannabis dependence. Two hundred and sixty-three inpatients were given a structured psychiatric interview retrospectively (150) and prospectively (113) to obtain DSM-III-R diagnosis of cocaine, alcohol and cannabis dependence disorders in the inpatients and of alcohol dependence in family members. Our study reveals a large number of cocaine dependents with a positive family history for alcohol dependence. Approximately 50% of cocaine addicts had at least a first or second degree relative with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence when studied by the family history and study methods. As many as 89% of cocaine dependents diagnosed by DSM-III-R criteria for cocaine dependence qualified for other alcohol and drug dependence diagnoses. Our study finds a high prevalence of alcohol (67% and 89%) and cannabis dependence (51% and 46%) in patients with cocaine dependence. Previous reports regarding alcohol and other drug dependence among cocaine dependents and their families are few and inconclusive. The diagnosis of other drug and alcohol dependence in cocaine dependence and in family members of cocaine dependents has important impact on etiology, prognosis and treatment.
Automatic generation of hypertext knowledge bases (1988)

A model of knowledge-based text condensation is presented which has been implemented as part of the text analysis system TOPIC. The condensation process transforms the text representation structures resulting from the text parse into a more abstract thematic description of what the text is about, filtering out irrelevant knowledge structures and preserving only the most salient concepts. The topical structure of a text, finally, is represented in a hierarchical text graph which supports variable degrees of abstraction for text summarization as well as content-oriented retrieval of text knowledge. Due to their non-linear organization, text graphs share a lot of similarities with hypertexts. Their contribution to this field incorporates a methodology for the automatic generation of hypertexts from given full-text files, a close coupling of basic hypertext notions (links, nodes) to the formal specifications of a frame representation model, and conceptual navigation and filtering facilities which allow a user-defined level of information granularity when accessing hypertext knowledge bases.
A compact sensor for interferometric displacement measurements (2000)

Summary form only given. Interferometers based on the self-mixing effect in a single-mode laser diode are a low-cost solution for precise measurements of displacements, vibrations or absolute distances. Due to their inherent single-mode behaviour and their homogenous far field patterns, vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) appear especially suitable for this kind of application. Furthermore, by monolithic integration of a high-efficiency resonance-enhanced photodetector (REPD) which is used to read out the interferometric signal, a simple and compact interferometric sensor can be realized.
Glucose Stimulates the Activity of the Guanine Nucleotide-exchange Factor eIF-2B in Isolated Rat Islets of Langerhans (1996)

Over short time periods glucose controls insulin biosynthesis predominantly through effects on preexisting mRNA. However, the mechanisms underlying the translational control of insulin synthesis are unknown. The present study was carried out to determine the effect of glucose on the activity and/or phosphorylation status of eukaryotic initiation and elongation factors in islets. Glucose was found to increase the activity of the guanine nucleotide-exchange factor eIF-2B over a rapid time course (within 15 min) and over the same range of glucose concentrations as those that stimulate insulin synthesis (3-20 mM). A nonmetabolizable analogue of glucose (mannoheptulose), which does not stimulate insulin synthesis, failed to activate eIF-2B. The best characterized mechanism for modulating eIF-2B activity involves changes in the phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of its substrate eIF-2. However, in islets, no change in eIF-2 alpha phosphorylation was seen under conditions where eIF-2B activity was increased, implying that glucose regulates eIF-2B via an alternative pathway. Glucose also did not affect the phosphorylation states of three other regulatory translation factors. These are the cap-binding factor eIF-4E, 4E-binding protein-1, and elongation factor eEF-2, which do not therefore seem likely to be involved modulating the translation of the preproinsulin mRNA under these conditions.
New EAF Slag Characterization Methodology for Strategic Metal Recovery (2021)

The grown demand of current and future development of new technologies for high added value and strategic metals, such as molybdenum, vanadium, and chromium, and facing to the depletion of basic primary resources of these metals, the metal extraction and recovery from industrial by-products and wastes is a promising choice. Slag from the steelmaking sector contains a significant amount of metals; therefore, it must be considered to be an abundant secondary resource for several strategic materials, especially chromium. In this work, the generated slag from electric arc furnace (EAF) provided by the French steel industry was characterized by using multitude analytical techniques in order to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of the targeted slag. The revealed main crystallized phases are larnite (Ca<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>), magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), srebrodolskite (Ca<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>), wüstite (FeO), maghemite (Fe<sub>2.6</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), hematite (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), chromite [(Fe,Mg)Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>], and quartz (SiO<sub>2</sub>). The collected slag sample contains about 34.1% iron (48.5% Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and 3.5% chromium, whilst the vanadium contents is around 1500 ppm. The Mössbauer spectroscopy suggested that the non-magnetic fraction represents 42 wt% of the slag, while the remainder (58 wt%) is composed of magnetic components. The thermal treatment of steel slag up to 900 °C indicated that this solid is almost stable and few contained phases change their structures.
Factors influencing short wavelength automated perimetry in normal subjects (1998)

Background: Short wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) has been shown to be useful in the early detection of visual field losses in glaucoma. This study investigates the effects of patient‐related variables on SWAP.Methods: Eight normal subjects performed SWAP under a range of refractive blur conditions (plano, +1.00 D, +2.00 D, +3.00 D) and filter conditions (0.3 neutral density, yellow).Results: The results of this study were: 1 SWAP in normal subjects was unaffected by refractive blur up to +3.00D. 2 Filters produced an overall depression in SWAP sensitivity results proportional to their 400 nm transmission. Conclusion: SWAP is a robust visual field test insensitive to moderate amounts of refractive error. However, as different visual mechanisms are being measured by the two tests, care should be taken when trying to compare SWAP directly with conventional white‐on‐white perimetry.
Management of Pediatric Head Injury (1992)

This article on management of pediatric head injury reviews the pathophysiology and current therapy for traumatic brain injury in children. There is an emphasis on clinical protocols and algorithms that guide therapy to prevent or attenuate the deleterious effects of secondary brain injury as intracranial hypertension, hypotension, and hypoxia.
Efficient Induction of CCR9 on T Cells Requires Coactivation of Retinoic Acid Receptors and Retinoid X Receptors (RXRs): Exaggerated T Cell Homing to the Intestine by RXR Activation with Organotins (2010)

The active vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) imprints gut-homing specificity on lymphocytes upon activation by inducing the expression of α4β7 integrin and CCR9. RA receptor (RAR) activation is essential for their expression, whereas retinoid X receptor (RXR) activation is not essential for α4β7 expression. However, it remains unclear whether RXR activation affects the RA-dependent CCR9 expression on T cells and their gut homing. The major physiological RA, all-trans-RA, binds to RAR but not to RXR at physiological concentrations. Cell-surface CCR9 expression was often induced on a limited population of murine naive CD4(+) T cells by all-trans-RA or the RAR agonist Am80 alone upon CD3/CD28-mediated activation in vitro, but it was markedly enhanced by adding the RXR agonist PA024 or the RXR-binding environmental chemicals tributyltin and triphenyltin. Accordingly, CD4(+) T cells treated with the combination of all-trans-RA and tributyltin migrated into the small intestine upon adoptive transfer much more efficiently than did those treated with all-trans-RA alone. Furthermore, naive TCR transgenic CD4(+) T cells transferred into wild-type recipients migrated into the small intestinal lamina propria following i.p. injection of Ag, and the migration was enhanced by i.p. injection of PA024. We also show that PA024 markedly enhanced the all-trans-RA-induced CCR9 expression on naturally occurring naive-like regulatory T cells upon activation, resulting in the expression of high levels of α4β7, CCR9, and Foxp3. These results suggest that RXR activation enhances the RAR-dependent expression of CCR9 on T cells and their homing capacity to the small intestine.
Comprehensive fluorogenic derivatization–liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry proteomic analysis of colorectal cancer cell to identify biomarker candidate (2012)

Existing colorectal cancer biomarkers are insufficient for providing a quick and accurate diagnosis, which is critical for a good prognosis. More appropriate biomarkers are thus needed. To identify new colorectal cancer biomarker candidates, we conducted a comprehensive differential proteomic analysis of six cancer cell lines and a normal cell line, utilizing a fluorogenic derivatization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (FD-LC-MS/MS) approach. Two sets of intracellular biomarker candidates were identified: one for colorectal cancer, and the other for metastatic colorectal cancer. Our results suggest that cooperative expression of FABP5 and cyclophilin A might be linked to Her2 signaling. Upregulation of LDHB and downregulation of GAPDH suggest the existence of a specific nonglycolytic energy production pathway in metastatic colorectal cancer cells. Downregulation of 14-3-3ζ/δ, cystatin-B, Ran and thioredoxin could be a result of their secretion, which then stimulates metastasis via activity in the sera and ascitic fluids. We propose a possible flow scheme to describe the dynamics of protein expression in colorectal cancer cells leading to tumor progression and metastasis via cell proliferation, angiogenesis, disorganization of actin filaments and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Our results suggest that colorectal tumor progression may be regulated by signaling mediated by Her2, hypoxia, and TGFβ.
Efficient One‐Pot Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 1H‐Pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐5,10‐diones Catalyzed by Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Nanoporous Silica (SBA‐Pr‐SO3H) (2014)

Abstract A green protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 1 H ‐pyrazolo[1,2‐ b ]phthalazine‐5,10‐diones by one‐pot cyclocondensation reaction of phthalhydrazide, aromatic aldehydes, and malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate using sulfonic acid functionalized SBA‐15 (SBA‐Pr‐SO 3 H) as a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst under solvent‐free conditions.
Growth and characterization of Fe-doped semi-insulating InP prepared by low-pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy with tertiarybutylphosphine (1991)

Fe-doped semi-insulating InP epitaxial layers were grown by low-pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy with tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP), triethylindium (TEI) and iron pentacarbonyl [Fe(CO)5] as the reactant gases. The growth was performed by varying the growth rate, growth pressure and V/III ratio. The epitaxial layers were characterized by optical microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, double crystal x-ray diffraction and current-voltage measurements. Semi-insulating InP epitaxial layers with specular surface morphology and low defect density were obtained at TBP partial pressure higher than 0.38 torr. A premature reaction between TEI and TBP was observed which presumably formed TEI:TBP adducts and/or polymers. As a result, the growth rate of Fe-doped semi-insulating InP layers grown at low pressure with TBP in our reactor decreased by 35% as the V/III ratio was increased from 15 to 46. Electrical measurements on these layers showed that the resistivity varied from 1.7×107 to 4×108 Ω cm as the V/III ratio was increased from 15 to 46. The resistivity of TBP-grown materials is comparable to that of PH3-grown materials over a measurement temperature range of 25–110 °C. Selective growth and surface planarization of Fe-doped InP grown with TBP and trimethylindium on patterned etched mesas were achieved.
Primary Desmoplastic Melanoma of the Penis (2015)

Desmoplastic melanomas are rare amelanotic melanomas that usually occur on skin with sun exposure. In this report, we present a 72-year-old man who presented with a desmoplastic melanoma of the penis. To our knowledge this represents the first reported case of primary desmoplastic melanoma of the penis. We discuss the pathologic differential and histologic evaluation.
Membrane potential in anaerobically growing Staphylococcus aureus and its relationship to gentamicin uptake (1983)

The electrical potential (delta psi) across the cytoplasmic membranes of Staphylococcus aureus cells growing under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was determined by measuring the equilibrium distribution of [3H]tetraphenyl phosphonium. In conjunction, gentamicin uptake and killing were studied in the same cells under identical conditions. Under aerobic conditions, delta psi was -169 mV, gentamicin uptake was readily demonstrable, and the number of viable cells decreased by almost four orders of magnitude in the presence of antibiotic. In contrast, delta psi was -142 mV anaerobically, gentamicin uptake was essentially nonexistent, and the aminoglycoside had no effect on viability. Remarkably, when the ionophore nigericin was added under anaerobic conditions, delta psi increased to the level observed aerobically, gentamicin uptake tripled to about 18% of the aerobic level, and viability decreased by one order of magnitude. The results are consistent with other observations (Mates et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79:6693-6697, 1982), indicating that the relationship between delta psi and gentamicin uptake is gated, and suggest that diminution of delta psi may be an important factor in aminoglycoside resistance under anaerobic conditions.
Electron transport chain activity is a predictor and target for venetoclax sensitivity in multiple myeloma (2020)

The BCL-2 antagonist venetoclax is highly effective in multiple myeloma (MM) patients exhibiting the 11;14 translocation, the mechanistic basis of which is unknown. In evaluating cellular energetics and metabolism of t(11;14) and non-t(11;14) MM, we determine that venetoclax-sensitive myeloma has reduced mitochondrial respiration. Consistent with this, low electron transport chain (ETC) Complex I and Complex II activities correlate with venetoclax sensitivity. Inhibition of Complex I, using IACS-010759, an orally bioavailable Complex I inhibitor in clinical trials, as well as succinate ubiquinone reductase (SQR) activity of Complex II, using thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA) or introduction of SDHC R72C mutant, independently sensitize resistant MM to venetoclax. We demonstrate that ETC inhibition increases BCL-2 dependence and the 'primed' state via the ATF4-BIM/NOXA axis. Further, SQR activity correlates with venetoclax sensitivity in patient samples irrespective of t(11;14) status. Use of SQR activity in a functional-biomarker informed manner may better select for MM patients responsive to venetoclax therapy.
Manganese phosphinocarbodithioate for RAFT polymerisation with sunlight-induced chain end post-treatment (2018)

A new manganese complex of the formula Cp(CO)<sub>2</sub>MnP(Ph)<sub>2</sub>C(S)SCH(CH<sub>3</sub>)Ph is an efficient RAFT agent for the preparation of SH-terminated polymers by simple visible light photocleavage of the organometallic end-group.
Post-fault Transient Stability Assessment Based on k-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm with Mahalanobis Distance (2018)

To enhance the security of power system, fast and accurate transient stability assessment methods are highly in demand. Many works have been done to explore the stability classification by searching and matching based on the post-fault PMU measurement data. Generally, the Euclidean distance is adopted to evaluate the similarity of different time series data. However, the correlation of the sample attributes is ignored in the classifier based on Euclidean distance. Besides, due to the imbalance feature of the transient stability assessment, costs of false classifications are unequal. For example, classifying the stable samples into unstable ones introduces less operational risks than classifying unstable samples into the stable. To handle above technique challenges, this paper proposes a k -Nearest Neighbor algorithm using Mahalanobis distance for transient stability assessments, in which the correlation of critical time series data is carefully considered. To strengthen the cost-sensitive feature of the proposed classifier, training processes are optimized regarding an area under the curve index. Finally, a case study is presented where the IEEE 10-machine 39-bus system is used for tests. Results of classifiers with different distance are compared. Test results validate the efficacy of the proposed k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm using Mahalanobis distance. Besides, it is also demonstrated that using Mahalanobis distance, the stability assessment can be accurate and robust even only based on a few measured states in form of time series data.
Flow cytometric analysis of megakaryocytes from patients with abnormal platelet counts (1989)

Megakaryocytes (MKs) from 40 patients with quantitative platelet disorders and 19 normal volunteers were analyzed by flow cytometry for size, fine cell internal structure and granularity, membrane expression of the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex, and for ploidy distribution. Analysis was performed on unfractionated minimally manipulated marrows obtained from routine bone marrow aspirates. MKs were labeled with a fluorescent lineage-specific monoclonal antibody to the GPIIb/IIIa complex followed by DNA staining with propidium iodide. Eight hundred to 3,000 MKs were analyzed in each sample. The modal ploidy distribution in normals was 16N, comprising about half of the megakaryocytic population, with 22.6% of the cells less than or equal to 8N and 22.0% greater than or equal to 32N. Twelve thrombocytopenic patients with decreased marrow MKs on biopsy (mean platelet count [MPC] 44,600/microliters) showed an increase in low ploidy cells with 53.2% less than or equal to 8N (P less than .01); cell size was reduced in three patients when compared to normal cells of identical ploidy (P less than .05). Eight thrombocytopenic patients with enhanced platelet destruction (with normal or increased MKs on biopsy and shortened platelet survival; MPC 41,400/microliters) showed an increased proportion of high ploidy cells greater than or equal to 32N to 39.2% (P less than .01). Increased cell size and granularity were found in four of these patients (P less than .05). Six patients with thrombocytopenia secondary to multiple mechanisms affecting both platelet production and destruction (MPC 66,700/microliters) showed no shift in ploidy. Four patients with primary thrombocytosis (two with thrombocythemia and two with polycythemia vera; MPC 822,500/microliters) showed a marked shift toward high ploidy cells with 42.3% greater than or equal to 32N and 7.6% greater than or equal to 64N cells (P less than .01). The shift was accompanied by a marked increase in cell size and granularity in the patients with thrombocythemia. Ten patients with thrombocytosis secondary to chronic blood loss, malignant or inflammatory disorders (MPC 714,000/microliters), showed variable distributions with four patients exhibiting a shift in ploidy to the right similar to that found in the patients with increased platelet destruction. Based upon the present data, flow cytometric ploidy distribution may be diagnostically useful in thrombocytopenic patients by discriminating between disorders of platelet production and destruction. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Project crossroads: Vehicular ad-hoc newtwork for collision warning (2011)

The most accident-prone intersections on roadways across the United States are the same intersections where the most drivers are killed in car crashes. These dangerous intersections often place drivers at risk because of obstructions. To reduce accidents at these intersections, the research in this paper suggests a new technological approach in accident prevention. The results of this paper indicate that the use of “vehicle to vehicle communication” and “vehicle to infrastructure communication” could drastically help drivers navigating dangerous intersections.
Molecular biological characterization of an azole-resistant Candida glabrata isolate (1997)

Two isolates of Candida glabrata, one susceptible and one resistant to azole antifungals, were previously shown to differ in quantity and activity of the cytochrome P-450 14alpha-lanosterol demethylase which is the target for azole antifungals. The resistant isolate also had a lower intracellular level of fluconazole, but not of ketoconazole or itraconazole, than the susceptible isolate. In the present study a 3.7-fold increase in the copy number of the CYP51 gene, encoding the 14alpha-lanosterol demethylase, was found. The amount of CYP51 mRNA transcript in the resistant isolate was eight times greater than it was in the susceptible isolate. Hybridization experiments on chromosomal blots indicated that this increase in copy number was due to duplication of the entire chromosome containing the CYP51 gene. The phenotypic instability of the resistant isolate was demonstrated genotypically: a gradual loss of the duplicated chromosome was seen in successive subcultures of the isolate in fluconazole-free medium and correlated with reversion to susceptibility. The greater abundance of the amplified chromosome induced pronounced differences in the protein patterns of the susceptible and revertant isolates versus that of the resistant isolate, as demonstrated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE). Densitometry of the 2D-GE product indicated upregulation of at least 25 proteins and downregulation of at least 76 proteins in the resistant isolate.
Approche hybride de segmentation de pages à base d’un descripteur de traits (2014)

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