gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter Topology with Reduced Number of Switches and Sources (2012)

In this paper mainly focused on the design and implementation of new topology in a single phase five level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter by using only a five switches and two DC power source. The main objective of this paper is to increase number of levels with a low number of switches and sources at the output without adding any complexity to the power circuit. The main merit of the new topology is to reduce the lower total harmonic distortion, lower electromagnetic interference generation and high output voltage. In this paper, various carrier pulse width modulation techniques are proposed, which can minimize the total harmonic distortion and enhances the output voltages from proposed work of five level inverter. The various switching topologies of single-phase five level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters have been analyzed in this paper. It is justified that the new topology can be recommended to single phase five level Cascaded H-bridge inverter for better performance in comparison with conventional method. The simulation is done by Mat Lab 8.0 version software.
Indirect optical gripping with triplet traps (2011)

We describe an indirect optical gripper for noninvasive micromanipulation of sensitive objects, such as cells. Our optical gripper, driven by dynamic holographic optical tweezers, consists of an arrangement of six silica beads, each held in place by an optical trap. The beads are moved so as to grip an object, which itself is not significantly exposed to laser light. Six beads are sufficient to grip an object reliably, consistent with robotics design rules. We find that improved gripping is achieved when beads are arranged into groups of triplets, since each triplet of trapped beads forms a weakly attractive pocket into which other objects are drawn.
2μm mode-locked fiber lasers (2012)

Mode-locked fiber lasers based on Tm-doped and Tm-Ho-codoped silicate fibers have been studied. The first modelocked fiber laser oscillator beyond 2 &mu;m was demonstrated. The first mode-locked 2&mu;m fiber laser with ~GHz repetition rate was demonstrated. The broadest spectrum (50nm FWHM) was obtained from dispersion managed 2&mu;m mode-locked fiber laser. Various operation regimes of mode-locked thulium fiber lasers are presented, as well as all-fiber 2&mu;m pulse amplifiers.
Meteoritic basalts: The nakhlites, their parental magmas, cooling rates, and equivalents on Earth (1987)

Field study in northern Ontario was planned to compare cumulate rocks reported in the literature with the nakhlites in order to study the crystallization rates of the nakhlites and their possible geological settings. Experimental studies have progressed slowly because of the demands of the field work and teaching. The furnace is fully functional, and its thermocouple and oxygen sensor cells are functional and calibrated.
A patient with co-existing bronchial carcinoid tumour and bilateral phaeochromocytoma (1995)

We report a 31-year-old Chinese man with bronchial carcinoid tumour and bilateral phaeochromocytoma. His sister also gave a history of bilateral carotid body paraganglioma. This case demonstrates the importance of screening for other endocrine disorders in patients with foregut carcinoid tumours.
Biosynthetic Chlorination of the Piperazate Residue in Kutzneride Biosynthesis by KthP (2011)

Kutznerides 2 and 8 of the cyclic hexadepsipeptide family of antifungal natural products from the soil actinomycete Kutzneria sp. 744 contain two sets of chlorinated residues, a 6,7-dichlorohexahydropyrroloindole moiety derived from dichlorotryptophan and a 5-chloropiperazate moiety, as well as a methylcyclopropylglycine residue that may arise from isoleucine via a cryptic chlorination pathway. Previous studies identified KtzD, KtzQ, and KtzR as three halogenases in the kutzneride pathway but left no candidate for installing the C5 chlorine on piperazate. On the basis of analysis of the complete genome sequence of Kutzneria, we now identify a fourth halogenase in the pathway whose gene is separated from the defined kutzneride cluster by 12 open reading frames. KthP (kutzneride halogenase for piperazate) is a mononuclear nonheme iron halogenase that acts on the piperazyl ring tethered by a thioester linkage to the holo forms of thiolation domains. MS analysis of the protein-bound product confirmed chlorination of the piperazate framework from the (3S)- but not the (3R)-piperazyl-S-pantetheinyl thiolation proteins. After thioesterase-mediated release, nuclear magnetic resonance was used to assign the free imino acid as (3S,5S)-5-chloropiperazate, distinct from the 3S,5R stereoisomer reported in the mature kutznerides. These results demonstrate that a fourth halogenase, KthP, is active in the kutzneride biosynthetic pathway and suggest further processing of the (3S,5S)-5-chloropiperazate during subsequent incorporation into the kutzneride depsipeptide frameworks.
13C nuclear magnetic resonance and reactivity of 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones (1988)

Complete carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance assignments have been made for 22 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones. These compounds are alternate substrate inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase, a serine protease involved in tissue degradation. Correlations between the carbon chemical shifts and rates of alkaline hydrolysis are consistent with hydrolysis via attack at C4, and are also useful in the selection of parameters for structure–activity analysis.
Anti-D Concentration in Mother and Childin Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn (1971)

The relationship between the maternal anti-D concentration measured in μg/ml at full term, the amount of anti-D in the baby and the severity of haemolytic disease of the newborn was studied in 18 mother-infant pairs. The amount of anti-D in the baby varies between 2 and 30% of that in the mother and it is concluded that the rate of active transfer of anti-D across the placenta is the rate limiting step in the reaction between anti-D and foetal red cells. It is suggested that there is variation in the rate of placental transfer between individual mothers and that this is a factor in determining the severity of the disease. The results also suggest that measurement of maternal antibody in μg inl rather than antiglobulin titre will not improve the accuracy of ante-natal assessment of severity of the disease.
An Approach to Quantify the Technical Benefits of Distributed Generation (2004)

Recent changes in the electric utility infrastructure have created opportunities for many technological innovations, including the employment of distributed generation (DG) to achieve a variety of benefits. After a brief discussion of the benefits, this paper proposes a general approach and a set of indices to assess some of the technical benefits in a quantitative manner. The indices proposed are: 1) voltage profile improvement index; 2) line-loss reduction index; 3) environmental impact reduction index; and 4) DG benefit index. Simulation results obtained using a simple 12-bus test system and a radial system are presented and discussed to illustrate the value and usefulness of the proposed approach.
α-Conotoxin AuIB Selectively Blocks α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Nicotine-Evoked Norepinephrine Release (1998)

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with putative alpha3 beta4-subunits have been implicated in the mediation of signaling in various systems, including ganglionic transmission peripherally and nicotine-evoked neurotransmitter release centrally. However, progress in the characterization of these receptors has been hampered by a lack of alpha3 beta4-selective ligands. In this report, we describe the purification and characterization of an alpha3 beta4 nAChR antagonist, alpha-conotoxin AuIB, from the venom of the "court cone," Conus aulicus. We also describe the total chemical synthesis of this and two related peptides that were also isolated from the venom. alpha-Conotoxin AuIB blocks alpha3 beta4 nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes with an IC50 of 0.75 microM, a kon of 1.4 x 10(6) min-1 M-1, a koff of 0.48 min-1, and a Kd of 0.5 microM. Furthermore, alpha-conotoxin AuIB blocks the alpha3 beta4 receptor with >100-fold higher potency than other receptor subunit combinations, including alpha2 beta2, alpha2 beta4, alpha3 beta2, alpha4 beta2, alpha4 beta4, and alpha1 beta1 gamma delta. Thus, AuIB is a novel, selective probe for alpha3 beta4 nAChRs. AuIB (1-5 microM) blocks 20-35% of the nicotine-stimulated norepinephrine release from rat hippocampal synaptosomes, whereas nicotine-evoked dopamine release from striatal synaptosomes is not affected. Conversely, the alpha3 beta2-specific alpha-conotoxin MII (100 nM) blocks 33% of striatal dopamine release but not hippocampal norepinephrine release. This suggests that in the respective systems, alpha3 beta4-containing nAChRs mediate norepinephrine release, whereas alpha3 beta2-containing receptors mediate dopamine release.
Transforming growth factor-β1 induces intestinal myofibroblast differentiation and modulates their migration (2009)

Long term incubation of CLPF with TGF-beta 1 induced differentiation into myofibroblasts with enhanced alpha-SMA, reduced migratory potential and FAK phosphorylation, and increased FN production. In contrast, short term contact (6 h) of fibroblasts with TGF-beta 1 induced a dose-dependent increase of cell migration and FAK phosphorylation without induction of alpha-SMA production.
Triangle Fixing Algorithms for the Metric Nearness Problem (2004)

Various problems in machine learning, databases, and statistics involve pairwise distances among a set of objects. It is often desirable for these distances to satisfy the properties of a metric, especially the triangle inequality. Applications where metric data is useful include clustering, classification, metric-based indexing, and approximation algorithms for various graph problems. This paper presents the Metric Nearness Problem: Given a dissimilarity matrix, find the nearest matrix of distances that satisfy the triangle inequalities. For lp nearness measures, this paper develops efficient triangle fixing algorithms that compute globally optimal solutions by exploiting the inherent structure of the problem. Empirically, the algorithms have time and storage costs that are linear in the number of triangle constraints. The methods can also be easily parallelized for additional speed.
Localization of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase throughout gestation in human placenta. (1991)

17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) is the enzyme responsible for the formation of all sex steroids in gonadal as well as extragonadal tissues. To obtain more information about the age-specific expression of 17 beta-HSD in the human placenta, we have localized this enzyme by immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level at different periods of gestation. In the 7- and 9-week-old placenta, immunostaining was detected exclusively in the cytoplasm of the syncytiotrophoblast. Between the tenth and thirteenth weeks of gestation, immunolabeling was also observed in the cytoplasm of the cytotrophoblastic cells, suggesting that these cells could be transiently involved in the biosynthesis of sex steroids. Interestingly, between the fourteenth and twenty-fifth weeks of gestation, 17 beta-HSD was observed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of the syncytiotrophoblast. The reaction product was much more intense in nuclei than in cytoplasm. During the last trimester of gestation, strong immunocytochemical staining was observed in all the nuclei of the syncytiotrophoblast, the cytoplasm being unstained. The meaning of this nuclear staining for 17 beta-HSD is still unclear and remains to be extensively investigated.
Correlation of Tire Intensity Levels and Passby Sound Pressure Levels (1995)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The object of the work reported here was to relate the acoustic intensity level measured near the contact patch of a driven tire on a passenger vehicle with the passby noise levels measured at a sideline microphone during coast and cruise conditions. Based on those measurements it was then possible to estimate the tire noise contribution to the passby level measured when the vehicle under test was accelerating. As part of this testing program, data was collected using five vehicles at fourteen passby sites in the United States: in excess of 800 data sets were obtained.&lt;/div&gt;
The Red, the White and the Blue (2002)

The two waves of immigration to Israel from the former Soviet Union, in the 1970s and the 1990s, have created the largest (over one million people) and most distinct cultural and linguistic ethnic community. Russian-speaking immigrants soon developed their own cultural institutions and attained significant political power. Rising communication needs led to the swift development of Russian media, including radio, television and over one hundred newspapers and periodicals, which fulfill a dual function: preserving one's former identity and ties to the old country while addressing newly created problems of acculturation, thereby reflecting contradictory trends of segregation and integration typical of migrant communities. This article explores the characteristics of the Russian broadcast and print media in Israel during their golden age and analyzes their social and cultural context by relating to two factors: the structural position of the Russian cultural minority as a voluntary `returning Diaspora', and the type of cultural field developed by this type of minority.
Decreased HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol, Apo A-I and Apo A-II, and increased risk of myocardial infarction. (1992)

These data indicate that both HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol levels are significantly associated with MI. They also raise the possibility that apolipoprotein levels, especially A-I and A-II, may add importantly relevant information to determination of risk of MI.
Architecture of a yeast U6 RNA gene promoter. (1993)

The promoters of vertebrate and yeast U6 small nuclear RNA genes are structurally dissimilar, although both are recognized by RNA polymerase III. Vertebrate U6 RNA genes have exclusively upstream promoters, while the U6 RNA gene from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SNR6) has internal and downstream promoter elements that match the tRNA gene intragenic A- and B-block elements, respectively. Substitution of the SNR6 A or B block greatly diminished U6 RNA accumulation in vivo, and a subcellular extract competent for RNA polymerase III transcription generated nearly identical DNase I protection patterns over the SNR6 downstream B block and a tRNA gene intragenic B block. We conclude that the SNR6 promoter is functionally similar to tRNA gene promoters, although the effects of extragenic deletion mutations suggest that the downstream location of the SNR6 B block imposes unique positional constraints on its function. Both vertebrate and yeast U6 RNA genes have an upstream TATA box element not normally found in tRNA genes. Substitution of the SNR6 TATA box altered the site of transcription initiation in vivo, while substitution of sequences further upstream had no effect on SNR6 transcription. We present a model for the SNR6 transcription complex that explains these results in terms of their effects on the binding of transcription initiation factor TFIIIB.
Long‐term caloric restriction ameliorates deleterious effects of aging on white and brown adipose tissue plasticity (2019)

Age-related increased adiposity is an important contributory factor in the development of insulin resistance (IR) and is associated with metabolic defects. Caloric restriction (CR) is known to induce weight loss and to decrease adiposity while preventing metabolic risk factors. Here, we show that moderate 20% CR delays early deleterious effects of aging on white and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT, respectively) function and improves peripheral IR. To elucidate the role of CR in delaying early signs of aging, young (3 months), middle-aged (12 months), and old (20 months) mice fed al libitum and middle-aged and old mice subjected to early-onset CR were used. We show that impaired plasticity of subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) contributes to IR, which is already evident in middle-aged mice. Moreover, alteration of thyroid axis status with age is an important factor contributing to BAT dysfunction in middle-aged animals. Both defects in WAT and BAT/beige cells are ameliorated by CR. Accordingly, CR attenuated the age-related decline in scWAT function and decreased the extent of fibro-inflammation. Furthermore, CR promoted scWAT browning. In brief, our study identifies the contribution of scWAT impairment to age-associated metabolic dysfunction and identifies browning in response to food restriction, as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent the adverse metabolic effects in middle-aged animals.
The mechanism of deceleration of nucleation and crystal growth by the small addition of transition metals to lithium disilicate glasses (2016)

The addition of small amounts of niobium or tantalum oxide to lithium disilicate glass provokes a drastic decrease of the steady-state nucleation rates and the crystal growth velocities. The viscosity of the residual glassy matrix is considered as a function of the crystallization degree in the course of a non-isothermal crystallization. For simplification, a homogeneous distribution of the added oxides in the glass matrix is assumed. While the viscosity initially decreases, it significantly increases again for higher crystallization degrees hindering crystal growth. However, it was shown that the additives are enriched at the crystal interface. Several possible reasons for the inhibition of nucleation and growth kinetics such as viscosity, interfacial energy crystal/glassy phase, thermodynamic driving force or impingement rate are discussed. Since the crystallization front is blocked by the additives the impingement rate is decreased with increasing additive concentration. Since small concentrations of Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 have a drastic effect on the nucleation, these components should be enriched at the interface crystal/glass. This will only take place, if it leads to a decrease in the interfacial energy. Since this effect alone should result in an increase of the nucleation rate, it must be overcompensated by kinetic effects.
A 65 mW 128K EB-ROM (1979)

A low power read-only memory (128K EB-ROM) has been developed using direct electron-beam data writing and 2 /spl mu/m VLSI fabrication technology. Programming of information in the ROM is accomplished by selective use of a field oxide in place of a thin gate oxide. The memory cell array is divided into eight current discharge (CD) units. Only one of the eight CD units, which contains a selected cell, is activated by the 3-bit extra decoder. The large capacitance enlarged by the Miller effect is markedly reduced. Moreover, the total capacitance to be precharged is also reduced. High performance output buffer circuitry is adopted, which has a high logic threshold voltage. As a result, the fabricated 128K EB-ROM is capable of 65 mW power dissipation under 400 ns cycle time and 5 V DC supply voltage conditions and 200 ns access time. Memory cell and chip dimensions are 8 /spl mu/m/spl times/7.75/spl mu/m and 3.75 mm/spl times/5.5 mm, respectively.
XML Key Management Specification (XKMS). (2001)

The XML Key Management Specification (XKMS) is described. XKMS is a Web Service that provides an interface between an XML application and a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). XKMS greatly simplifies the deployment of enterprise strength Public Key Infrastructure by transferring complex processing tasks from the client application to a Trust Service.
Compact broadband dual‐band circularly polarised antenna for universal UHF RFID handheld reader and GPS applications (2019)

This study introduces a simple, compact broadband dual‐band circularly polarised slot antenna suitable for the use in the compact universal ultra‐high frequency (UHF) radio‐frequency identification (RFID) reader devices and Global Positioning System (GPS) applications. The proposed antenna is fed using an open‐end coplanar waveguide with an inverted ‘L’ structure. To realise a broadband circular polarisation and good impedance matching, an inverted L‐shaped strip line is inserted adequately into a square slot at the right centre of the slot toward the slot centre. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed antenna exhibits a 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 552 MHz (716–1268 MHz) and 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 564 MHz (824–1388 MHz). Additionally, the antenna gains are 3.8 and 4.29 dBi throughout UHF RFID band and GPS band, respectively. The proposed antenna has a wide AR bandwidth, a compact size, and a simple structure. Furthermore, the proposed antenna is printed on one substrate layer with an overall size of 112 × 112 × 1.6 mm 3 , which makes it more practical for universal UHF RFID handheld readers and GPS applications.
4.3: Development of PTV Using Six‐Primary‐Color Display Technology (2007)

Abstract We have developed the 6 primary color PTV. Because of the newly developed 6‐color color wheel, the 6‐color light engine combined with the high‐efficiency UHP lamp and our independent Plush1080p™ technology, the newly developed PTV ensures high brightness, a wide color gamut and high contrast.
On-Nanoparticle Gating Units Render an Ordinary Catalyst Substrate- and Site-Selective (2021)

When an organometallic catalyst is tethered onto a nanoparticle and is embedded in a monolayer of longer ligands terminated in "gating" end-groups, these groups can control the access and orientation of the incoming substrates. In this way, a nonspecific catalyst can become enzyme-like: it can select only certain substrates from substrate mixtures and, quite remarkably, can also preorganize these substrates such that only some of their otherwise equivalent sites react. For a simple, copper-based click reaction catalyst and for gating ligands terminated in charged groups, both substrate- and site-selectivities are on the order of 100, which is all the more notable given the relative simplicity of the on-particle monolayers compared to the intricacy of enzymes' active sites. The strategy of self-assembling macromolecular, on-nanoparticle environments to enhance selectivities of "ordinary" catalysts presented here is extendable to other types of catalysts and gating based on electrostatics, hydrophobicity, and chirality, or the combinations of these effects. Rational design of such systems should be guided by theoretical models we also describe.
RAKE receiver CDMA performance (2002)

The bit-error-rate of a CDMA system using two types of RAKE receivers are calculated considering random codes, AWGN and a two ray multipath channel. The modulation scheme is binary PSK. The processing gain is a parameter. For low bitrates it is not very important which of the two RAKE receivers is used, but when the bit-duration approaches that of the channel, it is very important that the RAKE receiver is properly implemented.