gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Acrylonitrile and Alpha, Beta-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Using Dodecanethiol (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Acrylonitrile and Alpha, Beta-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Using DodecanethiolD. W. Beesing, W. P. Tyler, D. M. Kurtz, and S. A. HarrisonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1949, 21, 9, 1073–1076Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60033a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60033a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Information extraction (1996)

here may be more text data in electronic form than ever before, but much of it is ignored. No human can read, understand, and synthesize megabytes of text on an everyday basis. Missed informationand lost opportunities-has spurred researchers to explore various information management strategies to establish order in the text wilderness. The most common strategies are information retrieval (IR) and information filtering A relatively new development-information extraction (IE)-is the subject of this article.
TNFα Rescues Dendritic Cell Development in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Lacking C/EBPα (2020)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial effectors of the immune system, which are formed from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) by a multistep process regulated by cytokines and distinct transcriptional mechanisms. C/EBPα is an important myeloid transcription factor, but its role in DC formation is not well defined. Using a <i>Cebpa</i><sup>Cre</sup>-EYFP reporter mouse model, we show that the majority of splenic conventional DCs are derived from <i>Cebpa</i>-expressing HSPCs. Furthermore, HSPCs isolated from <i>Cebpa</i> knockout (KO) mice exhibited a marked reduced ability to form mature DCs after in vitro culture with FLT3L. Differentiation analysis revealed that C/EBPα was needed for the formation of monocytic dendritic progenitors and their transition to common dendritic progenitors. Gene expression analysis and cytokine profiling of culture supernatants showed significant downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα and IL-1β as well as distinct chemokines in KO HSPCs. In addition, TNFα-induced genes were among the most dysregulated genes in KO HSPCs. Intriguingly, supplementation of in vitro cultures with TNFα at least partially rescued DC formation of KO HSPCs, resulting in fully functional, mature DCs. In conclusion, these results reveal an important role of C/EBPα in early DC development, which in part can be substituted by the inflammatory cytokine TNFα.
Biological rhythm disturbance in depression: temporal coherence of ultradian sleep EEG rhythms (1999)

It was concluded that dysregulation of ultradian rhythms characterizes the majority of depressed out-patients, primarily women, even when macro-architecture did not differentiate groups. The outcome of this study supports the view that the pathophysiology of depression is strongly influenced by gender. It was suggested that low temporal coherence in depression reflects a breakdown in the organization of sleep EEG rhythms within and between the two hemispheres.
Effect of K2SO4 and CaSO4 Dihydrate Solutions on Crystallization and Strength of Gypsum (1981)

Crystal formation obtained from evaporating clear filtrates of dental stone mixed with various solutions were examined with an optical and scanning electron microscope. It was found that when K2SO4 was present in any concentration, a spherulitic structure dissimilar to that of CaSO4. 2H2O and K2SO4 was dominant. It is concluded that syngenite (a complex compound of CaSO4 and K2SO4) forms at the center of the nuclei of crystallization and is responsible for spherulitic formation. The use of K2SO4 solution and saturated CaSO4 solution was also found to improve the strength both at one and 24 h.
α-Oxidation of Fatty Acids in Higher Plants (1999)

A pathogen-inducible oxygenase in tobacco leaves and a homologous enzyme from Arabidopsis were recently characterized (Sanz, A., Moreno, J. I., and Castresana, C. (1998) Plant Cell 10, 1523-1537). Linolenic acid incubated at 23 degrees C with preparations containing the recombinant enzymes underwent alpha-oxidation with the formation of a chain-shortened aldehyde, i.e., 8(Z),11(Z), 14(Z)-heptadecatrienal (83%), an alpha-hydroxy acid, 2(R)-hydroxy-9(Z),12(Z),15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid (15%), and a chain-shortened fatty acid, 8(Z),11(Z),14(Z)-heptadecatrienoic acid (2%). When incubations were performed at 0 degrees C, 2(R)-hydroperoxy-9(Z),12(Z),15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid was obtained as the main product. An intermediary role of 2(R)-hydroperoxy-9(Z), 12(Z),15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid in alpha-oxidation was demonstrated by re-incubation experiments, in which the hydroperoxide was converted into the same alpha-oxidation products as those formed from linolenic acid. 2(R)-Hydroperoxy-9(Z),12(Z), 15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid was chemically unstable and had a half-life time in buffer of about 30 min at 23 degrees C. Extracts of cells expressing the recombinant oxygenases accelerated breakdown of the hydroperoxide (half-life time, about 3 min at 23 degrees C), however, this was not attributable to the recombinant enzymes since the same rate of hydroperoxide degradation was observed in the presence of control cells not expressing the enzymes. No significant discrimination between enantiomers was observed in the degradation of 2(R,S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid in the presence of recombinant oxygenases. A previously studied system for alpha-oxidation in cucumber was re-examined using the newly developed techniques and was found to catalyze the same conversions as those observed with the recombinant enzymes, i.e. enzymatic alpha-dioxygenation of fatty acids into 2(R)-hydroperoxides and a first order, non-stereoselective degradation of hydroperoxides into alpha-oxidation products. It was concluded that the recombinant enzymes from tobacco and Arabidopsis were both alpha-dioxygenases, and that members of this new class of enzymes catalyze the first step of alpha-oxidation in plant tissue.
Comparison of the metal-binding properties of nitrilotri(methylenephosphonic) acid and nitrilotriacetic acid: calcium(II), nickel(II,), iron(III), and thorium(IV) complexes (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of the metal-binding properties of nitrilotri(methylenephosphonic) acid and nitrilotriacetic acid: calcium(II), nickel(II,), iron(III), and thorium(IV) complexesH. Stewart. HendricksonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 8, 998–1000Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60252a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60252a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views500Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF TRANS‐(3S,4S)‐DIBENZYLOXYCYCLOPENTANONE (1985)

Abstract Die im Titel genannte Verbindung (III) wird auf den im Reaktionsschema aufgeführten Wegen aus dem Phenylthionitril (I) synthetisiert.
A multimodal interaction concept for cooperative driving (2013)

This article proposes a theory-driven interaction and user interface concept for a cooperative lane-change scenario in a highly automated driving environment. First, cooperative systems are defined and a taxonomy of five levels of cooperation (driver and system intention, mode of cooperation, allocation, interface, and contact) is elaborated. Second, the scenario is introduced and analyzed for each of the levels of cooperation, with a focus on the support of mode awareness, concluded by a detailed analysis based on an interaction diagram. Third, based on this cooperative interaction sequence, a prototypical user interface design is presented, heavily using a scene-linked augmented information display with multimodal amendments.
[Semiology of benign diseases of the breast in mammography (author's transl)]. (1977)

Mammography is a basic examination which must never be dissociated from the clinical background. A statistical blind study of 330 cases shows that only well definite syndroms are reliable. The presence of absence of a single sign has no value. Difficulties arise in the diagnosis of suspect nodule in a dense dystrophic breast. Hydratation of the connecting tissue is a fundamental concept for analysis of mammographic pictures. The densities change according to hormonal influence, growth of dystrophy and specific signs of fibrillary or hyalin fibrosis. A histological study of serial cuts of the breast shows that the must reliable signs are found in the center of the nodule ande immediately around it. As in the histological study, serial cuts are indispensable in X-ray examination. Tomography improves the examination of dystrophies.
Sequence analysis of the PRKAR1A gene in sporadic somatotroph and other pituitary tumours (2002)

No mutations were found in any of the exons sequenced. Relative mRNA expression was not decreased in any of the sporadic pituitary tumour samples. The present data thus do not suggest a major role for the PRKAR1A tumour suppressor gene in sporadic GH-secreting or other pituitary tumours.
Sub-stoichiometric germanium sulfide thin-films as a high-rate lithium storage material (2014)

Nanocolumnar, sub-stoichiometric germanium sulfide thin-films with compositions of Ge0.9S0.1 and Ge0.95S0.05, deposited by glancing angle deposition, were investigated as lithium storage materials. The materials are amorphous and homogeneous as deposited, but lithiation induces phase separation leading to the formation of poorly-crystallized lithium sulfide inclusions during the first cycle. The presence of these inclusions raises the lithium diffusion coefficient above that of pure germanium and provides superior capacity retention at high rates. While the lithium sulfide is non-cycling, the low weight percentage of sulfur necessary for enhanced lithiation/de-lithiation does not significantly reduce the specific lithium storage capacity of the films relative to that of germanium. In addition to high capacity and superior lithium transport, the sub-stoichiometric germanium sulfide thin-films show excellent cycling stability at high rates, retaining 88% of their initial capacity after 500 cycles at a rate of 20 C.
Inpatient-Derived Vital Sign Parameters Implementation: An Initiative to Decrease Alarm Burden (2017)

Implementation of data-driven HR and iteratively derived RR parameters safely decreased the total alarm frequency by 21% in a pediatric acute care unit.
All‐in‐Fiber Chemical Sensing (2012)

A new all-in-fiber trace-level chemical sensing approach is demonstrated. Photoconductive structures, embedded directly into the fiber cladding along its entire length, capture light emitted anywhere within the fiber's hollow core and transform it directly into an electrical signal. Localized signal transduction circumvents problems associated with conventional fiber-optics, including limited signal collection efficiency and optical losses. This approach facilitates a new platform for remote and distributed photosensing.
N ‐Dichloromethylene‐ N , N ‐Dimethyliminium Chloride (2021)

[33842-02-3] C3H6Cl3N (MW 162.44) InChI = 1S/C3H6Cl2N.ClH/c1-6(2)3(4)5;/h1-2H3;1H/q+1;/p-1 InChIKey = NRNFKRFWZQQDMD-UHFFFAOYSA-M (chlorinating and dehydrating agent, substitute for phosgene, powerful electrophile for electrophilic aromatic substitution in Vilsmeier-like reactions, multiple condensations afford entry to several heterocyclic systems1,2) Alternative Name: N,N-dimethyldichloromethyleneiminium chloride, phosgene iminium chloride, Viehe's salt. Physical Data: mp 194–196 °C; due to difficulties in purification and storage, mp can vary, decomposition begins at 130 °C and is rapid at the melting point. Solubility: soluble in acetonitrile, nitrobenzene, and halogenated solvents; incompatible with nucleophilic solvents and those that can be dehydrated. Form Supplied in: hygroscopic colorless solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: mp, H NMR. Preparative Methods: prepared by exhaustive chlorination of tetramethylthiuram disulfide, first with sulfuryl chloride to form thiocarbamoyl chloride, then with phosphorous pentachloride.3 Purification: generally used as prepared; most impurities are less reactive than the reagent itself; solubilities make purification difficult. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: extremely moisture sensitive, highly reactive; store as solid with moisture excluded.
Diffusionless oxidation and structure modification of thin Cr films by the action of ultrashort laser pulses (2012)

Results of impact on Cr thin metal films by ultrashort laser pulses are investigated in the paper. For the first time thermochemical action of such pulses is shown and confirmed by analytical approaches (micro-Raman spectroscopy, CAES and others) and selective chemical etching both. It is impossible to ascribe this effect to well-known mechanism of heterogeneous diffusion at the irradiation specified conditions. Possible reasons of Cr thin films diffusionless oxidation and structure modification are observed. Discovered phenomena open up new opportunities for developing of optical thermochemical data recording on Cr thin films, which are widely used in microelectronics as photomasks and in the process of diffractive optical elements manufacturing.
Separation of Products from Mineral Sequestration of CO2 with Primary and Secondary Raw Materials (2020)

Rising levels of greenhouse gases (GHG) in our atmosphere make it necessary to find pathways to reduce the amount of GHG, especially emissions of CO2. One approach is carbon capture and utilization by mineralization (CCUM). With this technology, it is possible to bind CO2 chemically from exhaust gas streams in magnesium or calcium silicates. Stable products of this exothermic reaction are carbonates and amorphous silica. Being amongst the biggest emitters of CO2, the cement industry has to find ways to reduce emissions. Geological mapping in Europe has been carried out to find suitable feedstock material, mainly olivines but also slags, to perform lab‑scale carbonation tests. These tests, conducted in a 1.5 L autoclave with increased pressure and temperature, have been scaled up to a 10 L and a 1000 L autoclave. The outcomes of the carbonation are unreacted feed material, carbonate, and amorphous silica, which have to be separated to produce substitutes for the cement industry as pozzolanic material (amorphous silica) or a value‑added product for other applications like paper or plastics (magnesite/calcite with bound anthropogenic CO2). Therefore, a process for the separation of ultrafine carbonation product was developed, consisting mainly of classification and flotation.
Insulin signaling proteins in pancreatic islets of insulin-resistant rats induced by glucocorticoid (2011)

Chronic administration of glucocorticoids induces insulin resistance that is compensated by an increase in p-cell function and mass. Since insulin signaling is involved in the control of p-cell function and mass, we investigated the content of insulin pathway proteins in pancreatic islets. Rats were made insulin resistant by daily administration of dexamethasone (1mg/kg, b.w., i.p.) for 5 consecutive days (DEX), whilst control rats received saline (CTL). Circulating insulin and insulin released from isolated islets were measured by radioimmunoassay whereas the content of proteins was analyzed by Western blotting. DEX rats were hyperinsulinemic and exhibited augmented insulin secretion in response to glucose (P < 0.01). The IRa-subunit, IRS-1, Shc, AKT, p-p70S6K, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, and glucocorticoid receptor protein levels were similar between DEX and CTL islets. However, the IRp-subunit, p-IRp-subunit, IRS-2, PI3-K, p-AKT and p70S6K protein contents were increased in DEX islets (P < 0.05). We conclude that IRS-2 may have a major role, among the immediate substrates of the insulin receptor, to link activated receptors to downstream signaling components related to islet function and growth in this insulin-resistant rat model.
Inverse Design and Demonstration of a Compact on-Chip Narrowband Three-Channel Wavelength Demultiplexer (2017)

In wavelength division multiplexing schemes, splitters must be used to combine and separate different wavelengths. Conventional splitters are fairly large with footprints in hundreds to thousands of square microns, and experimentally demonstrated multimode-interference-based and inverse-designed ultracompact splitters operate with only two channels and large channel spacing (>100 nm). Here we inverse design and experimentally demonstrate a three-channel wavelength demultiplexer with 40 nm spacing (1500, 1540, and 1580 nm) with a footprint of 24.75 μm2. The splitter has a simulated peak insertion loss of −1.55 dB with under −15 dB crosstalk and a measured peak insertion loss of −2.29 dB with under −10.7 dB crosstalk.
A phase 2 study of trametinib for patients with pediatric glioma or plexiform neurofibroma with refractory tumor and activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway. (2022)

2042 Background: Pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGG) are the most frequent brain tumors in children and the majority of PLGG have activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway. Plexiform neurofibromas (PN) are found in up to 50% of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Trametinib has been used widely to treat PLGG and PN, but no clinical trial has reported its efficacy. Methods: This multicenter phase II trial includes patients aged ≥ 1 month to ≤ 25 years with progressing/refractory PLGG groups or PN. The primary objective was to evaluate the overall response rate after daily oral trametinib administration for eighteen 28-day cycles. Results: As of January 31 st , 2022, 60 patients with PLGG and 45 patients with PN have been enrolled. Median age is 9.5 years (range 1.8-25.4) for PLGG and 11 years (range 0.7-19.8) for PN. Median follow-up is 18 months (range 0.1-38.1). Fifty-three patients with PLGG were evaluable. The overall response includes: 1 complete response (CR) (1.9%), 7 partial response PR (13.2%), 17 minor response MR (32.1%), 23 stable disease (SD) (43.4%) and 5 progressive disease (PD) (9.4%). Twenty-eight patients with a total of 32 PN were available for volumetric analysis. Volumetric assessment demonstrated an overall response rate of 60.7% compared to 24.1% when using RECIST 1.1 and 62.5% of PN showed a decrease of more than 20% in volume. Median volume change was a decrease of 30% (range -93.5 to 14.3). A total of 59 (69.4%) patients discontinued treatment as planned after 18 cycles and 9 (10.6%) patients had to stop trametinib due to adverse events. Conclusions: Response rates observed in our study suggest that trametinib is a potentially effective targeted therapy for patients with recurrent/refractory PLGG and PN. Treatment was overall well tolerated. This trial will continue to gather data on duration of response and long-term outcome for PLGG and PN treated with trametinib. Clinical trial information: NCT03363217.
The anatomy of a fall: Automated real-time analysis of raw force sensor data from bipedal walking robots and humans (2012)

An automated approach is proposed which can analyze ground reaction force data from bipedal walking robots and humans. The input of the automated analysis is the raw data from force sensors mounted in the feet of a robot. The output is detailed information, such as detected single support, double support, and swing phases, their durations, timings of events like heel strikes, properties of the phase transitions and of the robot itself. The proposed approach is generic, parameter-free, model-free, robust, computationally efficient, and applicable for real-time use during walking. It can detect early indications of instability that could lead to a fall of the robot. Three real-world experiments are presented: with a compliant bipedal robot, with a stiff humanoid robot, and with a human subject.
Towards Model-Based Test automation for embedded systems using UML and UTP (2011)

Model-based methodologies such as the Model-Driven Development (MDD) and Model-Based Testing (MBT) are being explored, in the recent decade, for automation in embedded software engineering projects. In this context, the target of this paper is to demonstrate the adoption and applicability of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and the UML Testing Profile (UTP) for deploying MBT in Resource-Constrained (RC)-Real-Time Embedded Systems (RTES). Though the UTP standard has been introduced several years ago, concrete approaches or tool support for generating the test artifacts based on the UTP is currently unavailable. This paper aims to close this gap and discusses a concise set of UTP artifacts in the context of MBT for RC-RTES. A detailed discussion on the test artifacts generation algorithm demonstrating the applicability of our approach in a real-life RC-RTES example is presented.