gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short range radio based ad-hoc networking: performance and properties (2003)

The current research and development of short range radio technologies will provide new means to implement ad-hoc networking between cellular phones, notebook computers, and small, low powered devices such as electronic calendars. An industry consortium has recently released preliminary specifications for a short range radio technology named Bluetooth. The Bluetooth radio operates in the unlicensed ISM band at 2.4 GHz with a transmission power in the range of -30-20 dBm. The Bluetooth radio nodes form ad-hoc networks called piconets, each of which offers a gross bit rate of 1 Mbps and allows a mix of voice and data communication channels. This study presents a number of different network usage cases for Bluetooth ad-hoc piconets and a subset of these scenarios is further analysed by means of simulations. A mix of data traffic and voice traffic is used in the simulations, where the data traffic streams are modelled with IBP processes. A worst case laptop conference scenario is simulated to stress the robustness of the Bluetooth system under very high load and bursty traffic conditions. Moreover, simulations are also made with measured voice traffic to study a mixture of bursty data and voice packet traffic.
Seawater pH sensor based on the long period grating in a single-mode–multimode–single-mode structure (2009)

A pH sensor is developed based on the long-period grating (LPG) inscribed into a single-mode–multimode–single-mode (SMS) structure in order to measure the pH in seawater. The LPG is formed by using a focused CO2 laser at LPG's critical period (1 mm). The transmission characteristics are similar to that of a multimode fiber. However, the SMS structure has a higher sensitivity because mode coupling only happens between the fundamental mode and higher-order modes in the SMS structure. The pH-sensitive hydrogel is made by the thermal cross-link of poly vinyl alcohol and poly acrylic acid. This sensor has been utilized in seawater pH sensing in the range of 6–8. Experiments have confirmed that the sensor is sensitive and repeatable.
Theoretical studies of thermionic conversion of solar energy with graphene as emitter and collector (2018)

Thermionic energy conversion (TEC) using nanomaterials is an emerging field of research. It is known that graphene can withstand temperatures as high as 4600 K in vacuum, and it has been shown that its work function can be engineered from a high value (for monolayer/ bilayer) of 4.6 eV to as low as 0.7 eV. Such attractive electronic properties (e.g., good electrical conductivity and high dielectric constant) make engineered graphene a good candidate as an emitter and collector in a thermionic energy converter for harnessing solar energy efficiently. We have used a modified Richardson-Dushman equation and have adopted a model where the collector temperature could be controlled through heat extraction in a calculated amount and a magnet can be attached on the back surface of the collector for future control of the spacecharge effect. Our work shows that the efficiency of solar energy conversion also depends on power density falling on the emitter surface, and that a power conversion efficiency of graphenebased solar TEC as high as 55% can be easily achieved (in the absence of the space-charge effect) through proper choice of work functions, collector temperature, and emissivity of emitter surfaces. Such solar energy conversion would reduce our dependence on silicon solar panels and offers great potential for future renewable energy utilization.
Ammonia chemistry: Sounds better with ultrasound (2022)

Hydrazine is a chemical of utmost importance in our society, either for organic synthesis or energy use. The direct conversion of NH3 to hydrazine is highly appealing, but it remains a very difficult task because the degradation of hydrazine is thermodynamically more feasible than the cleavage of the N−H bond of NH3. As a result, any catalyst capable of activating NH3 will thus unavoidably decompose N2H4. Here, we show that cavitation bubbles, created by ultrasonic irradiation of aqueous NH3 at a high frequency, act as microreactors to activate and convert NH3 to NH species, without assistance of any catalyst, yielding hydrazine at the bubble–liquid interface. The compartmentation of in-situ-produced hydrazine in the bulk solution, which is maintained close to 30 °C, advantageously prevents its thermal degradation, a recurrent problem faced by previous technologies. This work also points towards a path to scavenge .OH radicals by adjusting the NH3 concentration.
Bioflocculants from wastewater: Insights into adsorption affinity, flocculation mechanisms and mixed particle flocculation based on biopolymer size-fractionation (2020)

In single clay systems, both the harvested mixed EPS and the HMW-EPS fraction showed comparable flocculation performances. However, mixed EPS proved to be more efficient than the HMW-EPS fraction for dual clay flocculation. Site blocking effects were observed in mixed EPS: the LMW and MMW EPS first adsorbed to the surface due to higher diffusivities and faster mass transfer to the interface, while the HMW-EPS were slowly transported but were attached to the surface irreversibly and stronger than the LMW/MMW-EPS. We propose from this, a mixed EPS adsorption mechanism: extended anionic polymer tails in solution, thereby enhancing particle flocculation.
Soot Wear in Diesel Engines (2006)

In response to regulatory requirements, lubricant manufacturers are seeking oils that minimize soot thickening and the accompanying soot wear. Formulation technology is being developed by additive manufacturers to satisfy these requirements. For example, such work is in progress at Chevron Oronite Company LLC, using the Cummins M-11 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) engine test as a surrogate for the anticipated soot wear test for PC-10. Simultaneously, the authors developed bench tests to screen candidate formulations and reduce costs. A ball-on-disc sliding wear test, using a PCS Instruments MTM® tribometer, has been investigated. Sliding conditions at high pressure are required for soot polishing wear. Conditions that correlate tribometer test results with M-11 engine results at high soot concentrations (∼9 per cent) have been found. Both ball wear and Stribeck curves were determined in these tests. The high-wear oil progresses from mixed lubrication conditions to boundary lubrication at higher sliding speeds than the low-wear oil. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments were also conducted on the ball wear scars, revealing differences in the chemical constitution of the tribofilms from the two oils.
Shot-Domain Data Reconstruction and Its Application to Suppression of 3D Surface-Related Multiples (2005)

Abstract We present a DMO-based technique for reconstruction of densely and regularly sampled shot records from conventional marine data. The reconstruction process allows us to overcome aliasing that typically affects marine data in the cross-line direction and enables us to apply high-end processing techniques, such as 3D SRME, to conventional marine data without imposing additional acquisition requirements. A low-cost version of our reconstruction method, which is particularly suitable for use as a part of a multiple-suppression processing flow, is introduced and its advantages and limitations discussed. An example of performing data reconstruction for a conventional marine field dataset, followed by application of 3D SRME, is presented. This field data example is used to illustrate how the choice of data reconstruction method impacts the quality of multiple suppression. Introduction Many advanced seismic processing techniques, such as 3D surface-related multiple suppression (SRME) and 3D shot-record wave-equation migration (SRWEM), require regularly and densely sampled input data. In particular, 3D SRME requires dense sampling of both shots and receivers, while SRWEM efficiency is a function of the number of shot records in the data set. Current marine acquisition geometries do not provide the data suitable for either one of the above processing algorithms. In the case of 3D SRME, shot (and to a lesser degree, streamer) crossline spacing is too coarse for the algorithm to predict 3D multiples correctly. In the case of SRWEM, run times could be greatly reduced if multiple shot records could be combined in one "super-shot", thus reducing the total number of shot records. We discuss a DMO-based method for transforming conventional marine data into an equivalent set of data on a finely sampled regular and dense grid including all source-to-receiver azimuths. The new data are equivalent in the sense that a migration code would accurately map a reflection event associated with a single subsurface interface in the new data to the same subsurface locations as the corresponding data in the input data set.
Experimental Investigation on Spontaneous Imbibition of Surfactant Mixtures in Low Permeability Reservoirs (2023)

Spontaneous imbibition of surfactants could efficiently enhance oil recovery in low permeability sandstone reservoirs. The majority of studies have considered the application of individual surfactants to alter wettability and reduce interfacial tension (IFT). However, a significant synergistic effect has been reported between different types of surfactants and between salts and surfactants. Therefore, this study systematically studied the capability of a binary surfactant mixture (anionic/nonionic) and a ternary surfactant mixture (anionic/nonionic/strong base-weak acid salt) in imbibition enhanced oil recovery (IEOR). The interfacial properties and the cores' wettability were explored by IFT and contact angle measurements, respectively. Subsequently, the imbibition performances of different types of surfactant solutions were discussed. The results suggested that the surfactants' potential to enhance oil recovery followed the order of ternary surfactant mixture > binary surfactant mixture > anionic > nonionic > amphoteric > polymer. The ternary surfactant mixture exhibited strong capacity to reverse the rock surface from oil-wet (125°) to strongly water-wet (3°), which was more significant than both binary surfactant mixtures and individual surfactants. In addition, the ternary surfactant mixture led to an ultralow IFT value of 0.0015 mN/m, achieving the highest imbibition efficiency (45% OOIP). This research puts forward some new ideas on the application of the synergistic effects of surfactants in IEOR from low-permeability sandstone reservoirs.
Use of 1H NMR to study transport processes in sulfidogenic granular sludge (1997)

Pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques have been applied to study diffusion and flow in a sulfidogenic granular sludge bed. When sulfidogenic granular sludge is exposed to a 20 MHz magnetic field, a multi-exponential spin-spin relaxation (T2) with at least 5 populations is observed. One of these populations (T2 ≈ 30 ms) is intracellular water. Diffusion measurements at 22°C with 1H-water as tracer indicated that sulfidogenic granular sludge contains a distribution of diffusion coefficients between 1.0 × 10−9 m2/s and 2.1 × 10−9 m2/s. Analysing the data set using a monoexponential fit gives a general parameter that can be used to describe the apparent diffusion coefficient in granular sludge. This approach showed that sulfidogenic granular sludge cultivated in different reactor configurations (UASB, USSB and baffled reactors) has comparable diffusional characteristics. Finally, the use of flow and imaging measurements in sulfidogenic granular sludge beds is discussed.
Supplementary Table 1 from WWOX Inhibits Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells via Modulation of miRNAs (2023)

&lt;p&gt;TCGA TNBC samples&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Climbing Nitrogenase: Toward a Mechanism of Enzymatic Nitrogen Fixation (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multi-level submap based SLAM using nested dissection (2010)

We propose a novel batch algorithm for SLAM problems that distributes the workload in a hierarchical way. We show that the original SLAM graph can be recursively partitioned into multiple-level submaps using the nested dissection algorithm, which leads to the cluster tree, a powerful graph representation. By employing the nested dissection algorithm, our algorithm greatly minimizes the dependencies between two subtrees, and the optimization of the original SLAM graph can be done using a bottom-up inference along the corresponding cluster tree. To speed up the computation, we also introduce a base node for each submap and use it to represent the rigid transformation of the submap in the global coordinate frame. As a result, the optimization moves the base nodes rather than the actual submap variables. We demonstrate that our algorithm is not only exact but also much faster than alternative approaches in both simulations and real-world experiments.
General route of nanowire field effect transistor (2010)

An increasing number of technologies require large-scale integration of separately fabricated nano-objects into spatially organized, functional systems. Here we introduce an approach for dielectrophoresis and reverse transfer printing method. By doing these method we can easily get a nanowire bottom gate transistor with high performance. Firstly, nanowire bridge was formed simply by dielectrophoresis and then by reverse transferring of this bridge on the gate dielectric layer, a nanowire field effect transistor was fabricated. The on/off ratio, threshold voltage, field effect hole mobility, hole concentration and threshold swing of the transistor were measured by ~6.6×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> , -7.2 V, 9.9 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V·s and ~1.453×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> , and 0.504 V/decade.
Migration of neutrophils across monolayers of cultured microvascular endothelial cells An in vitro model of leucocyte extravasation (1987)

Monolayers of bovine microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) grown on connective tissue derived from human amniotic membrane were used to examine the transendothelial migration of human neutrophils in vitro. Neutrophils placed above these cultures migrated in response to a chemotactic gradient generated by placing 10(-7) M-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine (fMLP) below the cultures. Under these conditions, an average of 29 +/- 12% of the total population of neutrophils migrated beneath the endothelium after 1 or 2 h of incubation. Neutrophil migration in the absence of fMLP or in the presence of equal concentrations of fMLP above and below the cultures was less than 8% of the response to a 10(-7) M-fMLP gradient. Migration was a rapid event. Neutrophils began adhering to the apical surface of the endothelium within 2 min following exposure to an fMLP gradient; Ca2+ was required for this initial adhesion. Within 10 min, the majority of neutrophils associated with the BMEC-amnion cultures had migrated beneath the endothelial monolayer. Ultrastructural studies revealed that the initial adhesion between migrating neutrophils and endothelium was characterized by close contact between the two types of cell in focal areas. This close association was maintained as the neutrophils traversed the clefts between endothelial cells. Following their migration across the endothelium, neutrophils often were observed lying between the endothelium and its basement membrane. With time, the neutrophils penetrated the basement membrane and moved into the underlying amniotic connective tissue. To test the role of neutrophil proteinases in breaching endothelial and subendothelial barriers, migration was allowed to proceed in the presence of a variety of proteinase inhibitors, including p-nitrophenyl p'-guanidinobenzoate, soybean trypsin inhibitor, 6-aminocaproic acid, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, leupeptin, antipain and methoxysuccinyl alanine-alanine-proline-valine chloromethyl ketone. None of these had a significant effect on the number of neutrophils that migrated or the depth to which they penetrated the amniotic tissue as compared with controls. In contrast, pepstatin and chymostatin reduced migration in response to fMLP to 7% and 52% of control values, respectively. However, these two inhibitors did not affect migration in response to another chemoattractant, leukotriene B4. Migration was neither enhanced nor inhibited by the following treatments: (1) removal of plasminogen from the calf serum used in the assay medium and addition of polyclonal antibody to plasminogen; (2) addition of monoclonal or polyclonal antibody to plasminogen activator.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Design of manikin for testing of residual-limb shape capture-method: Technical note (2011)

Consensus is still lacking on how best to capture the shape of a residual limb. Computer-aided design systems have not proven more accurate, repeatable, or reliable than traditional plaster of paris methods. Research is limited in design, relates to clinical trials, and is based on opinions and clinical experience. Many outcome measurements are based on qualitative estimations of prosthetic fit or patient feedback rather than quantitative measurements. Research must identify the most accurate, repeatable, and reliable methods for residual-limb shape capture under conditions most likely to enhance socket fit. Measurement is difficult because a reference grid is required for identifying the residual limb's axis for ensuring direct comparison. This article describes a manikin production method for testing the shape capture of the residual limb. Diameters and volume were measured at specific levels with a programmable computer numerical control milling machine and a displacement tool, with a combined accuracy of 5 micrometers.
Noise reduction in low‐dose cone beam CT by incorporating prior volumetric image information (2012)

Information extracted from previously acquired CBCT can be effectively utilized to suppress noise in on-treatment low-dose CBCT. The presented strategy can significantly lower the patient CBCT radiation dose.
A technique to search log records using system of linear equations (2012)

Growth of network technology and easy internet access are the key features for development and use of Database-as-a-Service (DaaS) technique. In DaaS technique it is necessary to ensure safe and correct operation of any industry. In many cases, the types of data records used to conduct security audits are considered sensitive, as they could reveal information about internal network structures, the types of software running, private customer or employee information. In this paper we suggest a technique based on system of linear equations, which enables a trusted party to give the service provider's server the ability to test whether a given keyword appears in log records but the server learns nothing about the keyword and the log content. We compare our scheme with existing encryption schemes and prove that our scheme is efficient and secure.
Inventory and Gap Analysis of Federally Funded Research and Development Activities (2001)

Technologies for hydrogen as an energy carrier and fuel have been funded by the U.S. government since the oil embargo of the early 1970's. Hydrogen’s potential lies in its ability to serve as an energy carrier that can be consumed at the point of use with little or no pollution. It is not a primary energy source, rather an energy storage medium. When we speak of hydrogen, we are talking about its production, storage, and utilization. It can be produced from renewable or fossil resources. It can be used as a storage medium for intermittent and seasonal renewable technologies and plays an important role in the decarbonization of fossil fuels. It is a fuel for vehicles and propellant for space missions and weaponry. It is used for upgrading chemicals and in many metallurgical processes. The term “Hydrogen R&D” encompasses a broad scope of technologies. The maturity of technologies range from advanced defense and chemical industry applications to fundamental studies of hydrogen-producing microorganisms.
Age and Driver Time Requirements at Intersections (1994)

Current highway design models for required sight distance at stop-sign controlled intersections assume that the perception-reaction time (PRT) required is 2.0 seconds. That is, a 2.0 second interval to perceive, evaluate, decide, and initiate a response, is adequate to cover the range of time it takes real drivers to do this. This experiment evaluated the adequacy of the 2.0 second PRT assumption, including specific consideration of older drivers, who are known to experience relatively greater difficulty at intersections. Subjects in three age groups (20–40; 65–69; and 70+ years old) drove their own vehicles (fitted with a computer-controlled video-based data collection system) over a route that included 14 stop-controlled intersections. At each stop sign, they were required to make ratings of “road quality;” this broke visual search, and provided an opportunity for the experimenter to precisely define the initiation of search and the initiation of forward movement (thus defining PRT). The 2.0 second PRT assumption was found to work reasonably well for all age groups, and corresponded to roughly the 85th percentile PRT for all subjects. PRTs for older subjects were slightly (but significantly) briefer than for younger drivers. Reasons for not observing a slowing of intersection PRT with advancing age are discussed. The findings are also compared to gap acceptance data from another experiment. Even though the present experiment did not find objective evidence of older drivers requiring longer decision times, older subjects nonetheless demanded longer gaps in traffic in order to judge it safe to enter traffic.
Single-Cell, Multiplexed Protein Detection of Rare Tumor Cells Based on a Beads-on-Barcode Antibody Microarray (2016)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) shed from tumor sites and represent the molecular characteristics of the tumor. Besides genetic and transcriptional characterization, it is important to profile a panel of proteins with single-cell precision for resolving CTCs' phenotype, organ-of-origin, and drug targets. We describe a new technology that enables profiling multiple protein markers of extraordinarily rare tumor cells at the single-cell level. This technology integrates a microchip consisting of 15000 60 pL-sized microwells and a novel beads-on-barcode antibody microarray (BOBarray). The BOBarray allows for multiplexed protein detection by assigning two independent identifiers (bead size and fluorescent color) of the beads to each protein. Four bead sizes (1.75, 3, 4.5, and 6 μm) and three colors (blue, green, and yellow) are utilized to encode up to 12 different proteins. The miniaturized BOBarray can fit an array of 60 pL-sized microwells that isolate single cells for cell lysis and the subsequent detection of protein markers. An enclosed 60 pL-sized microchamber defines a high concentration of proteins released from lysed single cells, leading to single-cell resolution of protein detection. The protein markers assayed in this study include organ-specific markers and drug targets that help to characterize the organ-of-origin and drug targets of isolated rare tumor cells from blood samples. This new approach enables handling a very small number of cells and achieves single-cell, multiplexed protein detection without loss of rare but clinically important tumor cells.