gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequential involvement of NMDA receptor-dependent processes in hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex and parietal cortex in memory processing (1996)

Rats bilaterally implanted with cannulae in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus and/or in the amygdaloid nucleus, in the entorhinal cortex, and in the posterior parietal cortex, were trained in a step-down inhibitory avoidance task. At various times after training (immediately, 30, 60 or 90min) they received, through the cannulae, 0.5µl microinfusions of saline or of 5.0µg of AP5 dissolved in saline. A retention test was carried out 24h after training. Retention test performance was hindered by AP5 given into hippocampus, amygdala, or both hippocampus and amygdala immediately but not 30min post-training. The drug was amnestic when given into the entorhinal cortex 30, 60 or 90min after training, or into the parietal cortex 60 or 90min after training, but not at earlier times. The findings suggest a sequential entry in operation, in the post-training period, of NMDA-receptor mediated mechanisms involved in memory processing; first in hippocampus and amygdala, 30min later in entorhinal cortex, and 30min later in posterior parietal cortex.
What&#x2019;s new? Message reduction in sensor networks using events (2008)

Observing the environment is the raison dpsilaetre of sensor networks, but the precise reconstruction of the measured process requires too many messages for a low power sensor network. The number of messages can be reduced by focussing on events relevant for the application. This paper examines three event definitions for a home automation example and compares the message reduction. In the extreme case, the number of transmitted messages drops from more than 3000 messages per node and hour to a maximum of about two messages per node and hour.
LAQy: Efficient and Reusable Query Approximations via Lazy Sampling (2023)

Modern analytical engines rely on Approximate Query Processing (AQP) to provide faster response times than the hardware allows for exact query answering. However, existing AQP methods impose steep performance penalties as workload unpredictability increases. Specifically, offline AQP relies on predictable workloads to create samples that match the queries in a priori to query execution, reducing query response times when queries match the expected workload. As soon as workload predictability diminishes, existing online AQP methods create query-specific samples with little reuse across queries, producing significantly smaller gains in response times. As a result, existing approaches cannot fully exploit the benefits of sampling under increased unpredictability. We analyze sample creation and propose LAQy, a framework for building, expanding, and merging samples to adapt to the changes in workload predicates. We show the main parameters that affect the sample creation time and propose lazy sampling to overcome the unpredictability issues that cause fast-but-specialized samples to be query-specific. We evaluate LAQy by implementing it in an in-memory code-generation-based scale-up analytical engine to show the adaptivity and practicality of our framework in a modern system. LAQy speeds up online sampling processing as a function of sample reuse ranging from practically zero to full online sampling time and from 2.5x to 19.3x in a simulated exploratory workload.
Solid state quantum yield determination of a novel base photogenerator (1991)

Abstract The photoefficiency of a new class of base photogenerating materials, based on the photoremoval of the α,α-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl (Ddz) group from masked amine-type bases, was investigated. The solid state quantum yield for the photogeneration of cyclohexylamine from its corresponding Ddz carbamate was evaluated at 280 nm using a number of quantitative IR methods. A value of 0.10 was found using the optimal method involving a comparison of the intensities of a strong IR reference band solely associated with the polymer matrix with the decreasing carbonyl absorption of the Ddz substrate. Comparable quantum yields were also found by using an intense band associated with the Ddz-masked amine, thus indicating the overall applicability and reliability of the method provided that careful choice of the reference band was made. The value of the quantum efficiency for the photodeprotection of Ddz-masked amines is sufficiently high for practical applications requiring the use of photogenerated base.
A comparative study of nanowire crossbar and MOSFET logic implementations (2011)

Nanowire crossbar is an efficient nanoscale architecture which can be used for logic circuit design. In this work, we study the application of nanowire crossbar in logic circuit implementation. To evaluate the performance of crossbar architecture compared to the conventional MOSFET logic design, we have implemented logic circuits using both approaches. The equivalent circuit models of the crossbar-based circuits are then extracted and simulated using HSPICE. The MOSFET circuits are also simulated using 45-nm technology parameters. Our simulation results show that crossbar-based circuits have much smaller area while MOSFET circuits show better performance in terms of delay. The results also indicate that the crossbar cells can be combined with MOSFET cells to achieve tradeoff between circuit area and speed.
Poly[2]-catenanes containing alternating topological and covalent bonds (1996)

J. Weidmann, J. Kern, J. Sauvage, Y. Geerts, D. Muscat and K. Müllen, Chem. Commun., 1996, 1243 DOI: 10.1039/CC9960001243
Stochastically evaluating the validity of partial parse trees in incremental parsing (2004)

This paper proposes a method for evaluating the validity of partial parse trees constructed in incremental parsing. Our method is based on stochastic incremental parsing, and it incrementally evaluates the validity for each partial parse tree on a word-by-word basis. In our method, incremental parser returns partial parse trees at the point where the validity for the partial parse tree becomes greater than a threshold. Our technique is effective for improving the accuracy of incremental parsing.
Tests on a Field Method for the Determination of Wood Density (1977)

SUMMARY A field method of determining wood density originally proposed by Polge and Keller (1970) was tested on plantation-grown Pinus radiata D. Don. The trials showed that the torque required to drive an increment borer at a known depth in the tree trunk can provide an estimate of wood density accurate to within ±8.7% at the 95% confidence level. The method can be used for rapid screening of wood density of P. radiata trees in the field.
The Evolution of Resistance to Cephalosporins (1997)

The expression of resistance to cephalosporins is highly varied and due to various mechanisms. The greatest disadvantage of the cephalosporins is that they are inactivated by the array of beta-lactamases produced by bacteria. The high levels of chromosomal enzymes produced by these organisms are a major cause of cephalosporin resistance. Plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases (PMBLs) have also been implicated as causes of resistance, and other cephalosporinases have been described. Point mutations of specific amino acids of well-recognized PMBLs (e.g., TEM-1 and SHV-1) have also produced enzymes capable of attacking a wider spectrum of beta-lactam agents. The availability of newer beta-lactams may be conducive to the development of such beta-lactamases, in which chromosomal and newer plasmid derivatives that may or may not contain the AmpC gene are selected. The occurrence of such enzymes is likely to continue to increase.
Imaging of aortic valve dynamics in 4D OCT (2015)

Abstract The mechanical components of the heart, especially the valves and leaflets, are enormous stressed during lifetime. Therefore, those structures undergo different pathophysiological tissue transformations which affect cardiac output and in consequence living comfort of affected patients. These changes may lead to calcific aortic valve stenosis (AVS), the major heart valve disease in humans. The knowledge about changes of the dynamic behaviour during the course of this disease and the possibility of early stage diagnosis is of particular interest and could lead to the development of new treatment strategies and drug based options of prevention or therapy. 4D optical coherence tomography (OCT) in combination with high-speed video microscopy were applied to characterize dynamic behaviour of the murine aortic valve and to characterize dynamic properties during artificial stimulation. We present a promising tool to investigate the aortic valve dynamics in an ex vivo disease model with a high spatial and temporal resolution using a multimodal imaging setup.
Notes - Derivatives of Ferrocene V. The Preparation of Some N-Substituted Ferrocenecarboxamides (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Derivatives of Ferrocene V. The Preparation of Some N-Substituted FerrocenecarboxamidesMarvin Rausch, Paul Shaw, Dana Mayo, and A. LovelaceCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 3, 505–507Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1958Publication History Published online6 May 2003Published inissue 1 March 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01097a620https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01097a620research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Broad inclusion leads to maximal value – examining travel costs associated with clinical trial participation (2021)

Introduction Acts of social good, like jury service and voting, lead to distributive societal benefits and often come with protections to ensure that everyone can participate. Clinical trial participation is an act of social good, yet it lacks protections or benefits and comes at great personal cost. Methods In this current study, we assessed the indirect costs associated with cancer clinical trial participation among patients enrolled in therapeutic cancer clinical trials at two National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers as part of a multi-institutional IMPACT (Improving Patient Access to Cancer Clinical Trials) program from January 2018 to August 2020. Results A total of 258 patients received financial reimbursement during the IMPACT program period. The median (interquartile range, IQR) reimbursed total amount (including all cost categories possible) in US dollars is $378 (1123); the median reimbursed amount for each category is $0 (0) as patients typically do not request for reimbursement in all categories. The median amount of requested entries was $713 (1,824) for lodging, $248 (902) for ground transportation, $208 (373) for gas/ parking/ tolls, $1080 (2105) for patient flight, and $1,001 (1793) for companion flight. Average cost per patient attributable to lodging was $342 (standard deviation, SD=1081), ground transportation was $277 (SD=843), gas/parking/tolls was $410 (SD=634), companion flight was $70 (SD=477), and patient flight was $76 (SD=506). Conclusion Our analysis of costs demonstrates that clinical trial participants incur indirect costs to engage in clinical trials, and these costs vary by institution. These data support the notion that clinical trial participants should receive the same protections and benefits that government and employers offer other social goods such as voting or jury service.
A non-contact method for evaluating material properties and structural defects using laser generated ultrasound (2006)

This paper describes an innovative non contact technique whereby the mechanical properties of a material sample may be determined. The basic principle is to measure acoustic dispersion curves (Lamb waves) excited using laser generated ultrasound and detected optically. The technique is capable of yielding modulli and Poisson’s ratio with repeatabilities of better than a few percent. It may also be used to detect changes in material characteristics and structural damage. We anticipate application in materials characterisation and damage detection
Development of a new bioprocess scheme using frozen seed train intermediates to initiate CHO cell culture manufacturing campaigns (2012)

Agility to schedule and execute cell culture manufacturing campaigns quickly in a multi-product facility will play a key role in meeting the growing demand for therapeutic proteins. In an effort to shorten campaign timelines, maximize plant flexibility and resource utilization, we investigated the initiation of cell culture manufacturing campaigns using CHO cells cryopreserved in large volume bags in place of the seed train process flows that are conventionally used in cell culture manufacturing. This approach, termed FASTEC (Frozen Accelerated Seed Train for Execution of a Campaign), involves cultivating cells to high density in a perfusion bioreactor, and cryopreserving cells in multiple disposable bags. Each run for a manufacturing campaign would then come from a thaw of one or more of these cryopreserved bags. This article reviews the development and optimization of individual steps of the FASTEC bioprocess scheme: scaling up cells to greater than 70 × 10(6) cells/mL and freezing in bags with an optimized controlled rate freezing protocol and using a customized rack configuration. Flow cytometry analysis was also employed to understand the recovery of CHO cells following cryopreservation. Extensive development data were gathered to ensure that the quantity and quality of the drug manufactured using the FASTEC bioprocess scheme was acceptable compared to the conventional seed train process flow. The result of offering comparable manufacturing options offers flexibility to the cell culture manufacturing network.
On a boundary value problem for nonlinear functional differential equations (2005)

We consider the problem , , where are, in general, nonlinear continuous operators, , and is a continuous functional. Efficient conditions sufficient for the solvability and unique solvability of the problem considered are established.
Aqueous Dispersions of Colloidal Boehmite:  Structure, Dynamics, and Yield Stress of Rod Gels (1998)

The structure, dynamics, and strength of aqueous boehmite gels were studied by yield stress measurements and light scattering as a function of the particle aspect ratio and ionic strength. The yield stress was found to be a strongly varying function of the salt concentration. At low ionic strength, yield stress results from extensive double layers surrounding the rods, leading to a “colloidal glass”. Addition of LiCl decreases the yield stress and enhances the particle dynamics in the gel when [LiCl] < 10mM. For 10 mM < [LiCl] < 75 mM, particle aggregation induces the formation of a space-filling heterogeneous network with fractal dimension d = 2.35, causing a rise in the yield stress and renewed freezing of the particle dynamics. When the LiCl concentration exceeds 75 mM, the yield stress decreases again and the now very turbid gels show syneresis. For the attractive rods, the peculiar salt dependence of the gel strength can be explained by polydispersity in interactions, caused by inhomogeneities in particle surface chemistry and shape.
Recognizing targets from infrared intensity scan patterns using artificial neural networks (2009)

This study investigates the use of simple, low-cost infrared sensors for the recognition of geometry and surface type of commonly encountered features or targets in indoor environments, such as planes, corners, and edges. The intensity measurements obtained from such sensors are highly dependent on the location, geometry, and surface properties of the reflecting target in a way that cannot be represented by a simple analytical relationship, therefore complicating the localization and recognition process. We employ artificial neural networks to determine the geometry and the surface type of targets and provide experimental verification with three different geometries and three different surface types. The networks are trained with the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm and pruned with the optimal brain surgeon technique. The geometry and the surface type of targets can be correctly classified with rates of 99 and 78.4%, respectively. An average correct classification rate of 78% is achieved when both geometry and surface type are differentiated. This indicates that the geometrical properties of the targets are more distinctive than their surface properties, and surface determination is the limiting factor in recognizing the patterns. The results demonstrate that processing the data from simple infrared sensors through suitable techniques can help us exploit their full potential and extend their usage beyond well-known applications.
Computertomographie bei Prozessen der Schädelbasis und der Orbitae: Kombinierte Anwendung von Horizontal- und Frontalabschnitten (1978)

The cases of seven patients with different lesions of the base of the skull and the orbits are demonstrated, where CT was performed in horizontal and coronal sections. The results make obvious that only the combination of both planes can provide optimal information in these cases. The existence of a basal or orbital lesion, its size and location, and whether or not it penetrates through the base of the skull, can easily be detected. This is of great help in determining the therapy of choice, i.e. operability or radiation therapy treatment planning.
Erratum: Quantitative validation of the Boltzmann transport equation phonon thermal conductivity model under the single-mode relaxation time approximation [Phys. Rev. B69, 094303 (2004)] (2009)

When calculating the phonon relaxation times, , we incorrectly multiplied the time constant obtained from the decay of the phonon-mode energy autocorrelation function by two. The reported thermal conductivities are therefore too large by a factor of two. As a result, by comparing to thermal conductivities predicted using the Green-Kubo method, we incorrectly concluded that the thermal transport in Lennard-Jones argon is well-described under the isotropic assumption.
Differential regulation of microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) in rat CNS and PNS during development (1997)

MAP1B is a major cytoskeletal protein in growing axons and is strongly regulated during brain development. The present studies compare the expression of MAP1B mRNA, the protein, and its phosphorylated isoform in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) with brain. In spinal cord and brain, MAP1B mRNA levels were highest in early stages of development, decreased several fold during postnatal development, and remained low in adults. In contrast, there were no significant changes of MAP1B mRNA levels during development of DRG and they remained high in adults. The levels of MAP1B protein decreased in brain and spinal cord in parallel with the changes of their mRNA. The protein levels in DRG remained relatively high but declined in the sciatic nerve. Phosphorylated MAP1B was expressed in high levels during the early stages of development in brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve and decreased rapidly to undetectable levels postnatally except for sciatic nerve where it remained detectable. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that phosphorylated MAP1B was absent from DRG cell bodies at all stages but was present in axons of DRG and motor neurons in both spinal cord and sciatic nerve. Immunostaining also confirmed Western blot analysis indicating that MAP1B was initially abundant within the spinal cord but was at later stages present only in motor neurons and the central processes of DRG neurons. These results reflect differential distribution of MAP1B isoforms at different stages of development and in different regions of the nervous system.
Spatial Auditory Blurring and Applications to Multichannel Audio Coding (2011)

This work concerns the telecommunications area, and more specifically the transmission of multichannel audio signals. Four psychoacoustic experiments were carried out in order to study the spatial resolution of the auditory system-also known as localization blur-in the presence of distracting sounds. As a result, localization blur increases when these distracters are present, bringing to light what we will refer to as the phenomenon of "spatial blurring". These experiments assess the effect of several variables on spatial blurring: the frequencies of both the sound source under consideration and the distracting sources, their level, their spatial position, and the number of distracting sources. Except for the spatial position of distracting sources, all of these variables have been shown to have an effect on spatial blurring. This thesis also deals with the modeling of this phenomenon, in order to predict auditory spatial resolution as a function of the sound scene characteristics (number of present sources, their frequency and their level). Finally, two multichannel audio coding schemes are proposed that take advantage of this model in order to reduce the information to be transmitted: one is based on a parametric representation (downmix + spatial parameters) of the multichannel signal and the other is based on the Higher-Order Ambisonics (HOA) representation. These schemes are both based on the original idea of dynamically adjusting the spatial accuracy of representation of the multichannel signal in a way that shapes the resulting spatial distortions within localization blur, such that they remain unnoticeable.
The prospects of creating a pacemaker cardiac tissue using modern technologies (2017)

At the present time there are a lot of implantable pacemakers, which are able to replace the function of physiological pacemakers (sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes). These systems are currently imperfect and have a number of limitations. They require constant monitoring and maintenance due to limited battery life. There are risks of infection of pacemakers system, which may cause a pacemaker reimplantation. Implantable devices are often incompatible with other electric devices (metal detectors and magnets in MRI scanners, as well as power lines), which may affect the operation of pacemakers. Sometimes the electrodes can not be physiologically positioned, which may lead to heart failure and additional symptoms worsen the patient&gt;s quality of life. This article is devoted to a review of methods for creating biological pacemakers, considering advantages and disadvantages of the available modern strategies for obtaining pacemaker tissue, which is based on the using of key modifier genes regulating the embryonic development of ventricular, atrial and pacemaker cardiomyocytes. Furthermore the technologies for creating induced patient specific pluripotent cells (IPSC) and the subsequent development of directional differentiation protocols in the cardial direction discover new approaches for the development of biological pacemakers. Also briefly described the prospects for using modern materials for the development of tissue engineering.