gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discuss on mechanism of CO electro-oxidation with Pt-ZrO_2/C catalyst (2007)

Pt-ZrO2/C catalyst was prepared and compared with Pt/vulcan XC-72 (20% Pt E-TEK) in terms of the electrochemical activity for CO oxidation by electrochemical techniques. The CO-stripping experiment results show that the addition of ZrO2 into Pt results in the negative shift of CO-stripping peak and improvement of the CO-tolerance ability of Pt/C catalyst. The mean field and RO-PG models were used to fit the chronoamperometry results of the CO oxidation with respect to Pt-ZrO2/C electrode.
Diversity and Reassortment Rate of Influenza A Viruses in Wild Ducks and Gulls (2021)

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) evolve via point mutations and reassortment of viral gene segments. The patterns of reassortment in different host species differ considerably. We investigated the genetic diversity of IAVs in wild ducks and compared it with the viral diversity in gulls. The complete genomes of 38 IAVs of H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, H3N6, H3N8, H4N6, H5N3, H6N2, H11N6, and H11N9 subtypes isolated from wild mallard ducks and gulls resting in a city pond in Moscow, Russia were sequenced. The analysis of phylogenetic trees showed that stable viral genotypes do not persist from year to year in ducks owing to frequent gene reassortment. For comparison, similar analyses were carried out using sequences of IAVs isolated in the same period from ducks and gulls in The Netherlands. Our results revealed a significant difference in diversity and rates of reassortment of IAVs in ducks and gulls.
Analysis of fiber Bragg gratings for dispersion compensation in reflective and transmissive geometries (1997)

Numerical analysis of the dispersion-compensating properties of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in both reflective and transmissive modes is presented. First, the sensitivity of chirped, reflective gratings to the grating chirp parameter, index modulation, and grating length is examined, showing that apodization provides lower sensitivity to variations in these parameters. Second, we introduce a new transmissive geometry for grating-based dispersion compensation that utilizes the dispersive properties of a uniform Bragg grating in transmission.
The Container Manager Pattern (2017)

A container manager orchestrates and manages distributed environments composed of groups or clusters of software containers. Virtual machines have long been the option when it comes to virtualization solutions in clouds but containers provide a more portable, reusable and lightweight alternative. Containers provide operating system level virtualization where applications are executed in isolated environments sharing a host operating system, binaries, and libraries with other containers. Software containers although not new, have become very important to support convenient, and low overhead applications. Containers facilitate application deployment and distribution across computing environments. Containers are not the only components in the environment but work closely with other components that manage and support them. We present a pattern for a Container Manager which describes these components along with the required functions of this manager.
Cardiac troponin T by Elecsys system and a rapid ELISA: analytical sensitivity in relation to the TropT (CardiacT) "bedside" test. (1998)

During the past few years, the cardiac-specific isoforms of troponin T (cTnT) and troponin I have been introduced as specific markers of myocardial injury (1)(2)(3). Measurements of the cardiac-specific troponins are superior to the creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) for the detection of myocardial injury; they also eliminate the need to measure lactate dehydrogenase-1, a late marker of cardiac injury (4)(5)(6). A special feature of the cardiac troponins is the ability to detect minor myocardial injury in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and to add prognostic information regarding future adverse coronary events in this group of patients (7)(8).

The assays for the determination of cTnT include the ES-system (Boehringer Mannheim), which has been on the market for several years (9), and the new random-access electrochemoluminescence system (Elecsys, Boehringer Mannheim) (10). The second generation of ELISA for the ES system, Enzymun Troponin T, includes a new monoclonal anti-cTnT antibody, thus eliminating the slight cross-reactivity with skeletal muscle TnT that was associated with the first-generation ELISA (ELISA Troponin T). The second-generation ELISA system is, therefore, claimed to be absolutely specific for the cardiac isoform (11).

The new random-access Elecsys 2010 system was compared with a microtiter plate system of the second-generation ELISA Enzymun Troponin T. The microtiter plate ELISA (Enzymun MTP), which is based on biotin-streptavidin-coated microplates, has been described and validated elsewhere using the first-generation cTnT system (12). The Enzymun Troponin T system required some modifications of the microtiter plate assay because human serum samples differ from the kit calibrators in responsiveness to the test system, with respect to both time of incubation and antibody concentration. Compared with assay conditions for the previous microtiter plate assay, the new assay conditions reduced the time of incubation from 60 to …
Abstract 2255: The impact of primary immunodeficiency informed molecular landscape on the biology and prognosis of refractory malignancies (2021)

Abstract Introduction: Cancer is one of the most common causes of death in patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). The immune surveillance concept postulates that PIDs are an important contributor to cancer growth and outcomes. Although several immunodeficiency syndromes are known to be associated with malignancies in children and adults, currently, the molecular mechanisms that link immune functions to cancers are poorly understood. Here we describe distinct molecular characteristics in adult cancers with respect to PID-associated genes that impact survival outcomes in affected patients. Methods: In this study, we integrated transcriptome data of 28 adult cancers from the public database The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with respective healthy tissues as control from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Unified datasets integrating GTEx healthy samples and TCGA cancer data were provided by the Recount2 protocol and differential expression analyses (DEA) were carried out using the integrated limma-voom and edgeR pipelines in the TCGAbiolinks R package. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were performed using the pathfindR R package. Mutational and clinical data of adult cancer patient samples in TCGA and the AACR Project GENIE were consolidated using cBioPortal and the maftools R package. PID-associated genes were curated from the latest registry by the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID). Results: Of 307 PID-associated genes, 151 (32.0%) up-regulated and 88 (18.6%) down-regulated genes were identified across the 28 unified TCGA-GTEx datasets. From the identified differentially expressed gene sets, GO analysis revealed enrichment in immunological pathways related to complement and coagulation cascades (27/28 datasets), systemic lupus erythematosus (25/28), in addition to Fanconi anemia (22/28). The greatest frequency of mutations in PID-associated genes from the consolidated TCGA and GENIE datasets were KRAS (14.83%), KMT2D (10.03%), TERT (8.99%), PRKDC (7.59%) and PTEN (6.18%) across all cancer types, with a total of 259 affected PID-associated genes. Survival analyses using Cox proportional-hazards and Kaplan-Meier models will assess the clinical implications of the identified molecular alterations in affected patients. Conclusion: Our integrative approach aids in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms that bridge PIDs to tumour biology. These data may help identify important biomarkers and potential future targeted therapeutics. Citation Format: Son Tran, Luis Murguia-Favela, Aru Narendran. The impact of primary immunodeficiency informed molecular landscape on the biology and prognosis of refractory malignancies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2255.
Numerical analysis of pre-heating by solid friction process (2009)

In this study, the efficacy of pre-heating using solid friction heating was numerically investigated to improve the heating process of the friction stir welding with heating, which made the high speed welding by pre-heating the whole aluminum metal. At first, the solid friction heating by advancing rotating heating tool generated solid frictional heat on tool contact area was suggested. Then the temperature variation with time of aluminum metal under the solid friction heating was calculated based on the finite difference approach. As the result, the temperature calculated showed that the peak temperature increased as increasing contact area of heating tool and decreased with increasing advancing speed of heating tool. And the temperature by the heating tool rose sufficient to replace partially the heating process in the friction stir welding with heating. Furthermore, the possibility of the heating process using the solid friction approach for the friction stir welding with heating was discussed by comparing calculated temperature with weldable conditions.
Multielectron signatures in the polarization of high-order harmonic radiation (2007)

The polarization of high-order harmonic radiation emitted from ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ molecules interacting with a linearly polarized laser pulse is investigated theoretically. We find that the exchange effect between the recombining electron and the bound core electrons imprints a clear signature onto the high-order harmonic polarization and its dependence on the alignment angle between the molecular axis and driving laser electric field. Our analysis reveals an observable for the experimental investigation of many-electron dynamics in intense laser fields.
Uncovering Transcriptional Dark Matter via Gene Annotation Independent Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis (2020)

ABSTRACT Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables the study of cell biology with high resolution. scRNA-seq expression analyses rely on the availability of a high quality annotation of genes in the genome. Yet, as we show here with scRNA-seq experiments and analyses spanning human, mouse, chicken, mole rat, lemur and sea urchin, gene annotations often fail to cover the full transcriptome of every cell type at every stage of development, in particular for organisms that are not routinely studied. To overcome this hurdle, we created a scRNA-seq analysis routine that recovers biologically relevant information beyond the scope of the best available gene annotation. This is achieved by performing single-cell expression analysis on any region in the genome for which transcriptional products are detected. Our routine identifies transcriptionally active regions (TARs) using a hidden Markov model, generates a matrix of expression levels for all TARs across all cells in a dataset, performs single-cell TAR expression analysis to identify TARs that are biologically significant, and then annotates biologically significant TARs using gene homology analysis. This procedure leverages single-cell expression analyses as a filter to direct annotation efforts to biologically significant transcripts in complex tissues and thereby uncovers biology to which scRNA-seq would otherwise be in the dark.
Comparative analysis of triple band S-C-L erbium-doped fibre and semiconductor optical amplifier for CWDM applications (2008)

The authors present a comparative analysis between a triple-band S-C-L erbium-doped fibre amplifier and a commercial semiconductor optical amplifier in a CWDM application scenario. Both technologies were characterised for gain and noise figures from 1480 to 1610 nm (S, C and L bands) and their systemic performances were evaluated in terms of bit error rate measurements for a wide range of optical power levels.
Surface localized glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase of Mycoplasma genitalium binds mucin (2003)

Mycoplasma genitalium is the smallest known self-replicating cell. It was first isolated from urethral specimens in individuals with non-gonococcal urethritis and, more recently, from respiratory and synovial sites. Our laboratory has been interested in defining the mechanisms by which M. genitalium adheres to and colonizes host cell surfaces. In order to determine potential targets of adherence, we examined the interaction of M. genitalium with a primary component of the mucosal epithelial lining, mucin (Mn). Three Mn-binding proteins (MnBPs) of M. genitalium were isolated by affinity chromatography. One of these proteins was identified by N-terminal sequencing as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehy-drogenase (GAPDH). Antiserum raised against recombinant GAPDH blocked binding of intact biosynthetically labelled mycoplasmas to mucin by approximately 70%. Whole cell radioimmunoprecipitation indicated that GAPDH was surface-accessible and surface localization of GAPDH was further verified by membrane fractionation and immunoelectron microscopy. The role of GAPDH as an adhesin to Mn not only provides insights into the organism's mechanisms of adherence and colonization but also into its ability to maximize its limited genome.
EUROVISCO Guidelines for the Design and Conduct of Clinical Trials Assessing the Disease-Modifying Effect of Knee Viscosupplementation (2018)

In summary, the working group identified 31 recommendations that represent the current best practices regarding clinical trials that target the assessment of viscosupplementation disease-modifying effects in patients with knee OA. These recommendations integrate new imaging technologies and soluble biomarkers.
A MONOLITHIC BALANCED p-i-n/HBT PHOTORECEIVER FOR COHERENT OPTICAL HETERODYNE COMMUNICATIONS (1991)

Coherent optical techniques have great potential in multichannel systems as a result of the frequency selectivity and the very high receiver sensitivities that can be achieved. Among the different types of optical receivers available for coherent detection, the dual-detector balanced optical receiver [l] has emerged as the most preferred one. Such a receiver, which has two photodetectors in a balanced mixer configuration, has been shown to be useful in suppressing local oscillator (LO) excess intensity noise and requires less local oscillator power than a conventional single-detector receiver. Monolithic integration of different constituents of the balanced receiver has been demonstrated by several laboratories, including a 3 dB directional coupler with integrated balanced detectors [2], a tunable DFB laser with coupler and detectors [3], a tunable DBR laser with tunable coupler and waveguide detectors [4], and balanced twin p-i-n photodetectors [5].
Advancing the Understanding of Openhole MultiStage Completion Systems in Khazzan—Hydraulic Fracturing Execution and Analysis (2017)

Abstract The Khazzan development in the Sultanate of Oman operated by BP includes a multi-layered gas reservoir with stresses impacted by tectonic activity which has led to numerous challenges around multi-stage hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells within the field. These wells were primarily focused on cased-cemented horizontal sections through the reservoir but a decision was taken in 2014 to trial openhole multistage (OHMS) completion systems to understand their applicability in this field and the potential advantages such systems could bring with respect to the challenges seen in the cased-cemented systems. Two such systems have been run to date in the Khazzan development. Significant consideration has been given during the planning phase to follow a systematic process of implementation to deliver an effective learning curve with clear understanding of the impact of design and execution changes between wells. This paper will describe the details, including completion and fracturing design, fracturing execution and surveillance, and post-fracturing clean up and production, of the second OHMS well in the Khazzan development. The second well has built on the success of the initial trial and the well has been designed to demonstrate the repeatability and the reliability of this completion type in Khazzan. It was also tailored to further the understanding of some key unknown or uncertain elements of the fracturing treatments following the analysis and interpretation of the first OHMS completion. Specific focus areas that will be addressed in this paper include the use of a hydraulically activated toe fracturing sleeve, the effect of a reduction of mechanical packer spacing on fracture staging performance and efficiency, ball drop efficiency, and overall fracture execution efficiency improvements. A comparison of the system's performance across different reservoir quality will be examined, with the second system having been deliberately deployed in relatively low reservoir quality rock. The impact of various degrees of over-flush and under-flush on the individual fracture stage production performance will be reviewed. This is an important consideration for more conventional Middle East reservoirs and is often perceived to be a barrier to the implementation of the highly efficient systems currently deployed by North America.
Real-Time Detection of Influenza A, Influenza B, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus A and B in Respiratory Specimens by Use of Nanoparticle Probes (2010)

Seasonal epidemics of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Infrequently, novel or reemergent strains of influenza A virus have caused rapid, severe global pandemics resulting in millions of fatalities. The ability to efficiently and accurately detect and differentiate respiratory viruses is paramount for effective treatment, infection control, and epidemiological surveillance. We evaluated the ability of two FDA-cleared nucleic acid-based tests, the semiautomated respiratory virus nucleic acid test (VRNAT) and the fully automated respiratory virus nucleic acid test SP (RVNAT(SP)) (Nanosphere Inc., Northbrook, IL) to detect influenza A virus, influenza B virus, and respiratory syncytial virus A and B (RSV A/B) from clinical nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Detection of viral RNA in both tests is based on nucleic acid amplification followed by hybridization to capture probes immobilized on a glass slide. A novel technology utilizing gold nanoparticle-conjugated probes is utilized to detect the presence of captured target DNA. This microarray-based approach to detection has proven to be more sensitive than the traditional culture/direct fluorescent-antibody assay (DFA) method for detecting RSV and influenza viruses in clinical specimens, including the novel 2009 H1N1 strain. Specifically, we report 98.0% sensitivity and 96.5% specificity for the VRNAT compared to culture/DFA. Further, the VRNAT detected virus in an additional 58% of specimens that were culture negative. These data were confirmed using bidirectional sequencing. Evaluation of the fully automated RVNAT(SP), which is built on the same detection technology as the VRNAT but contains an updated processor enabling complete automation, revealed the two tests to be functionally equivalent. Thus, the RVNAT(SP) is a fully automated sample-to-result test capable of reliable detection of select respiratory viruses directly from clinical specimens in 3.5 h.
Microwave Dielectric Constants of Sodium-Ammonia Solutions (1968)

Measurements have been made of the complex dielectric constant ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}i{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$ of sodium-ammonia solutions at 10 GHz. The real part of the dielectric constant ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ was a very dramatic function of solution concentration. At very low concentrations ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ was close to the pure ammonia value, then increased slowly with concentration in the range $\ensuremath{\chi}=2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ to $\ensuremath{\chi}=2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. This increase has been attributed to the presence of permanent dipoles, and a dipole moment of approximately ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ esu at room temperature was determined. At $\ensuremath{\chi}=2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ the value of ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ decreased very abruptly to large negative values. This decrease is interpreted as the nonmetal to metal transition, indicating a very rapid decrease in the mass of the negatively charged carriers as the concentration is increased. In this same concentration range ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$, the imaginary part of the dielectric constant, increased rapidly as would be expected from the increasing dc conductivity. Temperature-variation studies of the dielectric constant have also been made and are consistent with the known temperature behavior of the solution's conductivity, i.e., the lower the temperature the higher the concentration required to reach the metallic concentration region and hence produce a negative real part to the dielectric constant.
Estimating the input of a L\\'evy-driven queue by Poisson sampling of the\n workload process (2018)

This paper aims at semi-parametrically estimating the input process to a\nL\\'evy-driven queue by sampling the workload process at Poisson times. We\nconstruct a method-of-moments based estimator for the L\\'evy process'\ncharacteristic exponent. This method exploits the known distribution of the\nworkload sampled at an exponential time, thus taking into account the\ndependence between subsequent samples. Verifiable conditions for consistency\nand asymptotic normality are provided, along with explicit expressions for the\nasymptotic variance. The method requires an intermediate estimation step of\nestimating a constant (related to both the input distribution and the sampling\nrate); this constant also features in the asymptotic analysis. For subordinator\nL\\'evy input, a partial MLE is constructed for the intermediate step and we\nshow that it satisfies the consistency and asymptotic normality conditions. For\ngeneral spectrally-positive L\\'evy input a biased estimator is proposed that\nonly uses workload observations above some threshold; the bias can be made\narbitrarily small by appropriately choosing the threshold.\n
Response to Selected Commentaries on the AJOB Target Article “On the Ethics of Facial Transplantation Research” (2004)

Main Response Topics •Introduction•Open display and public evaluation•Publicity versus patient privacy•Facial tissue donation•Validity of Louisville Instrument for Risk Acceptance•Patients' understanding of risk•Face versus hand transplantation•Rejection rates/risks•Patient compliance•Exit strategy•Functional recovery•Societietal implications•Psychological implications•Conclusion: Uncertainty likely to persist
Use of spatial phase shifting technique in digital speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI) and digital shearography (DS) (2006)

Digital speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI) and digital shearography (DS) are well known optical tools for qualitative as well as quantitative measurements of displacement components and its derivatives of engineering structures subjected either static or dynamic load. Spatial phase shifting (SPS) technique is useful for extracting quantitative displacement data from the system with only two frames. Optical configurations for DSPI and DS with a double aperture mask in front of the imaging lens for spatial phase shifting are proposed in this paper for the measurement of out-of-plane displacement and its first order derivative (slope) respectively. An error compensating four-phase step algorithm is used for quantitative fringe analysis.