gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of reproductive protection against bovine viral diarrhea virus provided by multivalent viral vaccines containing inactivated fractions of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (2018)

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important viral cause of reproductive disease, immune suppression and clinical disease in cattle. The objective of this study was to compare reproductive protection in cattle against the impacts of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) provided by three different multivalent vaccines containing inactivated BVDV. BVDV negative beef heifers and cows (n = 122) were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Groups A-C (n = 34/group) received two pre-breeding doses of one of three commercially available multivalent vaccines containing inactivated fractions of BVDV 1 and BVDV 2, and Group D (n = 20) served as negative control and received two doses of saline prior to breeding. Animals were bred, and following pregnancy diagnosis, 110 cattle [Group A (n = 31); Group B (n = 32); Group C (n = 31); Group D (n = 16)] were subjected to a 28-day exposure to cattle persistently infected (PI) with BVDV (1a, 1b and 2a). Of the 110 pregnancies, 6 pregnancies resulted in fetal resorption with no material for testing. From the resultant 104 pregnancies, BVDV transplacental infections were demonstrated in 73 pregnancies. The BVDV fetal infection rate (FI) was calculated at 13/30 (43%) for Group A cows, 27/29 (93%) for Group B cows, 18/30 (60%) for Group C cows, and 15/15 (100%) for Group D cows. Statistical differences were observed between groups with respect to post-vaccination antibody titers, presence and duration of viremia in pregnant cattle, and fetal infection rates in offspring from BVDV-exposed cows. Group A vaccination resulted in significant protection against BVDV infection as compared to all other groups based upon outcome measurements, while Group B vaccination did not differ in protection against BVDV infection from control Group D. Ability of inactivated BVDV vaccines to provide protection against BVDV fetal infection varies significantly among commercially available products; however, in this challenge model, the inactivated vaccines provided unacceptable levels of BVDV FI protection.
Glomerulopathy does not increase renal susceptibility to acute ischemic injury (1984)

To determine whether preexistent glomerular injury and the nephrotic syndrome increase renal susceptibility to ischemic renal injury, normal rats and rats with either experimental minimal-change disease (Adriamycin nephropathy) (AN) or membranous nephropathy (passive Heymann nephritis) (PHN) underwent renal functional and histologic studies under either basal conditions or 18 h after bilateral renal artery occlusion (over 30 min). Prior to renal ischemia AN and PHN rats had minimally depressed glomerular filtration rate (GFR), normal (AN) or increased (PHN) renal blood flow (RBF), heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, decreased urine sodium excretion, extensive glomerular foot process fusion, and intratubular hyalin cast formation. Losses of GFR in response to ischemia were comparable among the three groups of rats (controls, 0.29; AN, 0.28; PHN, 0.25 ml X min-1 X 100 g body wt-1) despite prevailing differences in postischemic hemodynamics. Neither light nor transmission electron microscopy showed any differences in the degree of ischemic renal injury. These results suggest that 1) glomerulopathy and the nephrotic syndrome do not significantly increase renal susceptibility to ischemic renal injury; 2) the syndrome of acute renal failure that occurs in patients with minimal-change glomerulopathy is not due to a marked susceptibility of these kidneys to clinically occult ischemic events; and 3) foot process fusion is probably not a pathophysiologically significant lesion in ischemic acute renal failure, as previously suggested.
Fundamental frequency and voice onset time cues to voicing (1976)

The acoustic cues that contribute to the perception of the voicing difference in /zi/ and /si/ were the focus of the present experiments. Rather than simply varying the acoustic signal along a single dimension and observing the effect on perception, changes along two acoustic dimensions were covaried in a factorial manner. The time between the onset of the syllable and the onset of vocal-cord vibration called voice-onset time (VOT) was covaried with the fundamental frequency (F0). Observers were asked to indicate where each stimulus fell on a scale from /zi/ to /si/. The results showed that both VOT and F0 contribute to the perception of voicing. Sounds were judged as more /zi/-like with decreases in VOT and with decreases in the F0. The frequency contour of F0 during the syllable had no effect beyond that accounted for by the frequency of F0 at the onset of vocal cord vibration. Other experiments showed that the role of F0 could not be attributed to the possibility that there was less energy at the first formant with higher frequency values of F0. A quantitative model assuming that VOT and F0 are perceived independently and combined multiplicatively provided a good description of the perception of voicing. [Work supported by NIMH.]
Proteomic Markers of DNA Repair and PI3K Pathway Activation Predict Response to the PARP Inhibitor BMN 673 in Small Cell Lung Cancer—Response (2014)

In a Letter to the Editor about our recent publication (1), Haifeng Qiu suggests that further clarification is needed about the relationship between sensitivity to BMN 673 and dysregulated PI3K/mTOR signaling, given the potential association between PTEN loss and PARP inhibitor sensitivity in other cancer types.Although we agree that PTEN inactivation is common in human malignancies and may be associated with sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in some cancers, PTEN loss is only one of several possible mechanisms by which the PI3K/mTOR pathway can be activated, each of which may have different implications for drug sensitivity. For small cell lung cancer (SCLC), this distinction was illustrated in a recent publication (2) that showed activity of a selective oral phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, PF-4989216, in SCLC preclinical models harboring activating PIK3CA mutations, but not PTEN loss.Genomic analysis by Peifer and colleagues (3) indicates that PTEN loss occurs in a minority of SCLC tumors (10%). Of the cell lines used in our analysis, only one—NCI-H2081—carries a PTEN mutation and this cell line was not included in the proteomic analysis. The H2081 cell line fell in the middle of the range of sensitivities to BMN 673 (6.3 nmol/L; IC50 range, 1.7–15 nmol/L), suggesting that PTEN deficiency was not responsible for the observed sensitivity of our SCLC cell lines to BMN 673, nor was it the cause of greater PI3K/mTOR pathway activation observed in the more resistant lines.As described in Dr. Qiu's letter, an association between PTEN deficiency and PARP inhibitor sensitivity has been described in other cancers, including breast, prostate, and endometrial cancers. However, even among cancers with PTEN loss, there are likely to be additional factors that affect sensitivity, as suggested by a recent study that showed sensitivity of tumors with PTEN loss was dependent on levels of circulating estrogen (4). Furthermore, the potential benefit of dual PARP–PI3K pathway inhibition has also been suggested in breast cancer based on preclinical models of triple-negative and BRCA-mutated breast cancers (5) and is being explored in an ongoing clinical trial.In conclusion, we agree with Dr. Qiu that the connection between PARP inhibitors and the PI3K/mTOR pathway warrants further exploration. However, our data indicate that the association between baseline PI3K/mTOR pathway activity and in vitro activity of BMN 673 is independent of PTEN and suggests a distinct mechanism of PARP inhibitor activity in SCLC.See the original Letter to the Editor, p. 2236L.A. Byers has received clinical trial funding and is an advisory board member for BioMarin. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed by the other author.
Trading Advanced Oxygen Recovery Architectures and Technologies (2018)

Kevin Lange, Jacobs Technology
An 8-b 400-MS/s 2-b-Per-Cycle SAR ADC With Resistive DAC (2012)

An 8-b 400-MS/s 2-b-per-cycle (2 b/C) successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is fabricated in 65-nm CMOS. With the implementation of a low-power and small-area resistive DAC and associated highly integrated circuit implementation, the proposed SAR ADC achieves rapid conversion rate, low power, and compact area, leading to SNDR of 44.5 dB and SFDR of 54.0 dB, at 400 MS/s with 1.9-MHz input. The measured FOM is 73 fJ/conversion-step at 400 MS/s from 1.2-V supply and 42 fJ/conversion-step at 250 MS/s from a 1-V supply. The active area with the digital calibration is 0.028 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Central Nervous System Regulation of Brown Adipose Tissue (2014)

Thermogenesis, the production of heat energy, in brown adipose tissue is a significant component of the homeostatic repertoire to maintain body temperature during the challenge of low environmental temperature in many species from mouse to man and plays a key role in elevating body temperature during the febrile response to infection. The sympathetic neural outflow determining brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is regulated by neural networks in the CNS which increase BAT sympathetic nerve activity in response to cutaneous and deep body thermoreceptor signals. Many behavioral states, including wakefulness, immunologic responses, and stress, are characterized by elevations in core body temperature to which central command-driven BAT activation makes a significant contribution. Since energy consumption during BAT thermogenesis involves oxidation of lipid and glucose fuel molecules, the CNS network driving cold-defensive and behavioral state-related BAT activation is strongly influenced by signals reflecting the short- and long-term availability of the fuel molecules essential for BAT metabolism and, in turn, the regulation of BAT thermogenesis in response to metabolic signals can contribute to energy balance, regulation of body adipose stores and glucose utilization. This review summarizes our understanding of the functional organization and neurochemical influences within the CNS networks that modulate the level of BAT sympathetic nerve activity to produce the thermoregulatory and metabolic alterations in BAT thermogenesis and BAT energy expenditure that contribute to overall energy homeostasis and the autonomic support of behavior.
Cracking digital archival research and metadata: Archives Portal Europe (2020)

Archives Portal Europe (APE) aggregates archival material from and about Europe, currently providing access to archival descriptions from more than 1,100 institutions of more than 30 countries in a single research point. It is currently the largest aggregator of its kind in the archives domain, and it aims to connect all archival collections related to the history of European countries, from the large state archives to local and private archives. The portal allows to conduct research with an unprecedented outlook based on cross-country archival comparisons and multilingual search. Thanks to this new tool, the functions indicated by Unsworth as “scholarly primitives” are available to researchers, and expressed in new forms. This workshop presents APE to both researchers and archivists as a tool that allows new types of historical research. Researchers will learn how to conduct research on APE in the most effective way possible; archivists will be presented with the metadata solutions applied by APE in order to provide the best possible returns to the users' search queries, while at the same time being sustainable and feasible for the partner institutions. This is embedded in a more general reflection on how metadata can inform researchers, connecting the work on APE with DARIAH's Working Group on Sustainable publishing of (meta)data, DARIAH's involvement in the Social Sciences and Humanities Open Cloud (SSHOC) project, and the Parthenos project. Following the individual presentations, speakers and attendees will be invited to reflect together on the role of metadata and cloud computing in digital archival research, and how archivists and researchers can collaborate to make digital archives as open as possible by improving searchability and retrievability.
Effect of Compression Pressure on the Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM)/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Copolymer (NBR) Rubber Blends Filled with Different Types of Carbon Black (2017)

Blends of ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer/acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer (EPDM/NBR) loaded with different types [(N326-HAF) and (N774-SRF)] and ratios of carbon black (CB) fillers were prepared. The mechanical properties of the EPDM/NBR rubber blends unloaded and loaded with different ratios of CB were investigated. Among the blends, the one with 75% EPDM and 25% NBR, both loaded and unloaded with CB, were found to exhibit the highest tensile strength and elongation at break. The observed changes in the mechanical properties of the blends were correlated to the morphology as observed by scanning electron microscopy. The changes of the electrical resistivity of the rubber blend composites during compression were investigated. The experimental results were explained from the position that an external pressure induces either an increase or decrease of the resistivity of the blend composites according to whether annihilation or creation of effective conductive paths occurs, respectively.
Spectral Evolution of a Photochemical Protecting Group for Orthogonal Two-Color Uncaging with Visible Light (2013)

Caged compounds are molecules rendered functionally inert by derivatization with a photochemical protecting group. We describe the design logic behind the development of a diethylaminocoumarin (DEAC) caging chromophore, DEAC450, that absorbs blue light strongly (ε450 = 43,000 M(-1) cm(-1)) and violet light 11-fold more weakly. The absorption minimum is in the wavelength range (340-360 nm) that is traditionally used for photolysis of many widely used nitroaromatic caged compounds (e.g., 4-carboxymethoxy-5,7-dinitroindolinyl(CDNI)-GABA). We used this chromophore to synthesize DEAC450-caged cAMP and found this probe was very stable toward aqueous hydrolysis in the electronic ground state but was photolyzed with a quantum efficiency of 0.78. When DEAC450-cAMP and CDNI-GABA where co-applied to striatal cholinergic interneurons, the caged compounds were photolyzed in an chromatically orthogonal manner using blue and violet light so as to modulate the neuronal firing rate in a bidirectional way.
Feasibility of the controlled-NOT gate from certain model Hamiltonians (2007)

The controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate is widely used in quantum circuits and in current and proposed quantum computing technologies. We investigate the feasibility and minimal implementation of CNOT from specific model Hamiltonian operators that have appeared in the literature. We follow an algebraic approach that provides an analytic solution. Our results are relevant to effective two-qubit Hamiltonians currently being considered for spin-based, superconductivity-based and other implementations of quantum computing.
Epidural morphine for postoperative pain relief in children (1993)

Epidural morphine for postoperative pain relief is in general use, and has proved to be very efficient in adults. The epidural technique and the use of epidural morphine are much less frequent in children. For 2 years we have prospectively followed 76 children who had epidural morphine for postoperative pain relief after major abdominal surgery. The age distribution was from newborn to 13 years, with a median age of 12 months. It was estimated that 94% of the patients had good analgesia for the first 24 postoperative hours and no other opioids were given. The side effects were few, but one case of respiratory depression was seen and 20% of the children had pruritus. There were four dural punctures and three catheters slipped out accidentally, but otherwise the treatment was continued as long as it was considered necessary (1-11 days). The use of postoperative ventilatory support decreased during the investigation. We observed a change in the sleeping pattern with an increased number of sleep-induced myoclonia during the administration of epidural morphine. In conclusion, the use of epidural morphine in children for postoperative pain relief is very efficient. The minimal effective dose has not been established as yet, but 50 micrograms/kg every 8 h, supplemented with small doses of bupivacaine, provides excellent analgesia in the immediate postoperative period after major abdominal surgery. The side effects are few, but the risk of respiratory depression is always present and observation in the intensive care unit or recovery for the first 24 h is strongly recommended.
Molecular characterization of rifampicin- and isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in Kazakhstan. (2011)

Kazakhstan is one of the 14 countries with a high rate of morbidity due to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) in WHO European region. The aim of our study was to characterize mutations associated with drug resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Kazakhstan. M. tuberculosis strains were isolated from TB patients in different regions of Kazakhstan. A drug susceptibility test was performed on Lowenstein-Jensen medium using the absolute concentration method. Sequencing analysis was performed of the rpoB rifampicin resistance-determining region and the katG gene, the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region, and the inhA promoter region in 259 MDR M. tuberculosis isolates, in 51 isoniazid-resistant isolates, and in 13 rifampicin-resistant isolates. The mutational analysis revealed that the most frequent mutations associated with rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in M. tuberculosis are the substitutions at codons 531 (82.7%) and 315 (98.4%) in the rpoB and katG genes, respectively. In addition, we have found mutations with lower frequency at codon 526 (8.4%), 533 (1.5%), and 516 (1.1%) in the rpoB gene. In 6.2% of the isolates, no mutations were found in the rpoB gene. The findings of this study provide useful data for a better understanding of the mutation spectrum of isoniazid and rifampicin resistance among strains isolated from patients in Kazakhstan. Our results are also useful for the development of diagnostic tests of MDR M. tuberculosis.
Vehicle-Assisted Data Delivery in Smart City: A Deep Learning Approach (2020)

Collecting the massive internet of things data produced in a large smart city is quite challenging, and recent advances in vehicle-to-everything communication makes urban vehicles to be a good candidate to conduct this task. Hence, this paper proposes a novel deep learning algorithm called DeepVDD to facilitate vehicle-assisted data delivery. First, a theoretical analysis is presented to quantitatively reveal the correlation between vehicle mobility and the success ratio of vehicle-assisted data delivery. Based on the findings in analysis, DeepVDD adopts a novel multi-headed neural network to determine the strategies for vehicles to deliver data. Comprehensive evaluations have been executed based on the real taxi mobility data in Tokyo, Japan. The results have validated that, compared with other state-of-art algorithms, DeepVDD not only improves the success ratio of data delivery, but also significantly reduces the communication overhead of vehicular networks.
Influence of the molecular weight of cellulose on the solubility in ionic liquid-water mixtures (2015)

Ionic liquids (ILs) are a novel class of solvents which have been in the focus of interest during the last few years due to their desirable properties such as high thermal stability or low vapor pressures. Some of them have the ability to dissolve cellulose without any derivatization. Different mechanisms are presented in the literatures for the dissolution of cellulose in ILs. However, the effect of the molecular weight of cellulose on the solubility in ionic liquid-water mixtures hasn´t been studied yet. The IONCELL-P is a process, which can quantitatively separate pulps into pure cellulose and hemicellulose fractions using IL-water mixtures. In this work we aim to explain the mechanism of the IONCELL-P fractionation. Ozone treatment was used to degrade cotton linter (CL) to a lower molecular weight range which is the same molecular weight range as the hemicelluloses and low molar mass cellulose in commercial pulps. The ozone treated CLs were treated with the IONCELL-P process using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([emim]OAc) and water mixtures. Different IL-Water ratios with water content between 13.5 and 19 wt% in the mixture were tested. The MMD of dissolved and undissolved cellulose were evaluated. According to these results, the effect of the molecular weight of cellulose in IL-water mixture is determining and the hypothesis of cellulose dissolution in ILs being based on the size of the polymers is supported. To validate this effect, the thesis also compares the results of the experimental data with that reported earlier by Carmen et al [30] for IONCELL-P fractionation in [emim] OAc-water using birch pulp, which contains numerous biopolymers of various chemical structures, such as cellulose and hemicellulose.
Review on Carbon Dioxide Absorption by Choline Chloride/Urea Deep Eutectic Solvents (2018)

In the recent past few years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were developed sharing similar characteristics to ionic liquids but with more advantageous features related to preparation cost, environmental impact, and efficiency for gas separation processes. Amongst many combinations of DES solvents that have been prepared, reline (choline chloride as the hydrogen bond acceptor mixed with urea as the hydrogen bond donor) was the first DES synthesized and is still the one with the lowest melting point. Choline chloride/urea DES has proven to be a promising solvent as an efficient medium for carbon dioxide capture when compared with amine alone or ionic liquids under the same conditions. This review sheds light on the preparation method, physical and chemical characteristics, and the CO 2 absorption capacity of choline chloride/urea DES under different temperatures and pressures reported up to date.
Failure analysis and prediction for the CIPRES science gateway (2015)

Summary Science gateways promote collaboration among researchers by providing them with access to community‐developed tools and data collections. The Cyberinfrastructure for Phylogenetic Research (CIPRES) science gateway is one of the most popular gateways, with approximately 3000 active users since 2012, and the user base is growing each year. While increasing the number of compute resources available to CIPRES would address their growth needs, it also introduces additional complexity as the likelihood of failure increases. In this paper, we analyze historical job data from CIPRES and combine it with historical software and services monitoring data to create a machine learning model to predict where a user's job will complete successfully on resources. At one operating point of our classifier, we are able to detect 50% of jobs that will fail with a false detection rate less than 5%. In 2014, accurately predicting 50% of CIPRES job failures and redirecting them to other resources would have resulted in 900K compute core hours saved, furthering phylogenetic research. These statistical models will also be used as a base to build a more generic automated monitoring analysis service for science gateways. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.