gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From bone lining cell to osteocyte—an SEM study (1984)

We describe the SEM appearance of the rat endosteal bone lining cell ( BLC ) population, and the sequence of morphological changes of these cells as they self-incorporate into unmineralized bone matrix (osteoid), establish intercellular connections, and construct lacunae. The osteoblast/nascent osteocyte series was progressively unsheathed by gentle digestion of the osteoid with 0.25% collagenase. The osteoblasts which leave the polygonally packed BLC compartment rapidly develop numerous complexly branched processes that contact the processes elaborated by previous generations of maturing and mature osteocytes. As osteoblasts mature and approach the mineralization front, they appear to lose processes. The mature cells begin to form osteocyte lacunae by depositing an asymmetric perimeter of woven collagen fibrils, such that as the cells roof-over, the lacunae appear as pocketlike constructions. The collagen fibrils on the perilacunar matrix are oriented in a tangential or circular pattern, while those in the more distal matrix are arranged in a parallel pattern. With the completion of a lacuna, its wall appears to mineralize quickly, for lacunae could be recognized only when they are forming.
Nonviral Retrograde Gene Transfer of Human Hepatocyte Growth Factor Improves Neuropathic Pain-related Phenomena in Rats (2008)

Peripheral nerve injury occasionally causes chronic neuropathic pain with hyperalgesia and allodynia. However, its treatment is difficult. Here, we used a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model in rats to investigate the effects on experimental neuropathic pain of the human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene delivered into the nervous system by retrograde axonal transport following its repeated intramuscular transfer, using liposomes containing the hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ). CCI (control) rats exhibited marked mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, and decreased blood flow in sciatic nerve and hind paw. All these changes were significantly reversed by HGF gene transfer. In the sciatic nerve in HGF-treated rats, the size-frequency distributions for myelinated and unmyelinated axons each showed a rightward shift, the number of myelinated axons >5 microm in diameter was significantly increased, and the mean diameter of unmyelinated axons was significantly increased (versus CCI rats). Levels of P2X3, P2X4, and P2Y1 receptor mRNAs, and of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) mRNAs, were elevated in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia and/or sciatic nerve by CCI, and these levels were decreased by HGF gene transfer. These results may point toward a potential new treatment strategy for chronic neuropathic pain in this model.
A simple and accurate model for microstrip structures with slotted ground plane (2004)

A simple and accurate circuit model for microstrip filtering structures with slotted ground plane is presented. The unit cell model consists of a series inductance and shunt capacitance for the microstrip line, an ideal transmission line characterized by its impedance and electrical length for the slot, and an ideal transformer to model coupling to the slot. The coupling mechanism to the slots resonances and subsequent emergence of transmission gaps is explained for different positions of the microstrip line. Excellent agreement with measurement is demonstrated over the broad bandwidth of dc to 20 GHz.
On-Line Process Analysis of Biomass Flash Pyrolysis Gases Enabled by Soft Photoionization Mass Spectrometry (2011)

In the current discussion about future energy and fuel supply based on regenerative energy sources, the so-called second-generation biofuels represent a vitally important contribution for the provision of carbon-based fuels. In this framework, at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), the bioliq process has been developed, by which biomass is flash-pyrolyzed at 500 °C for the production of so-called biosyncrude, a suspension of the pyrolysis liquids and the remaining biochar. However, little is known about the composition of the pyrolysis gases in this process with regard to different biomass feedstock and process conditions, and the influence on the subsequent steps, namely, the gasification and subsequent production of biofuels or base materials. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) with two soft (i.e., fragmentation free) photoionization techniques was for the first time applied for on-line monitoring of the signature organic compounds in highly complex pyrolysis gases at a technical pyrolysis pilot plant at the KIT. Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization with TOFMS using UV laser pulses was used for selective and sensitive detection of aromatic species. Furthermore, single-photon ionization using VUV light supplied by an electron beam-pumped excimer light source was used to comprehensively ionize (nearly) all organic molecules. For the miscellaneous biomass feeds used, distinguishable mass spectra with specific patterns could be obtained, mainly exhibiting typical pyrolytic decomposition products of (hemi)cellulose and lignin (phenol derivatives), and nitrogen-containing compounds in some cases. Certain biomasses are differentiated by their ratios of specific groups of phenolic decomposition products. Therefore, principal component and cluster analysis describes the varied pyrolysis gas composition for temperature variations and particularly for different biomass species. The results can be integrated in the optimization of the bioliq process.
Structure-preserved color normalization for histological images (2015)

Automated image processing and quantification are increasingly gaining attention in the field of digital pathology. However, a common problem that encumbers computerized analysis is the color variation in histology, due to the use of different microscopes/scanners, or inconsistencies in tissue preparation. In this paper, we present a novel color normalization technique to bring a histological image (source image) into a different color appearance of a second image (target image), which therefore standardizes the color representation of both images. In particular, by incorporating biological stain-sparse regularized stain separation, our color normalization technique preserves the structural information of the source image after color normalization, which is very important for subsequent image analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative validation demonstrates the superior performance of our stain separation and color normalization techniques.
A Chromium-free Defect Etching Solution for Application on SOI (2007)

A new defect etching solution is presented especially developed for application on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. This FS Cr-free SOI etching solution is free of toxic hexavalent chromium. Very efficient in revealing crystalline defects, it provides a low etch rate, which makes it a promising candidate for Secco replacement on SOI films. Excellent correlation of etch pit densities with Secco solution has been obtained. The mechanism and characteristics of this solution will also be discussed.
Cooperative spectrum sharing with energy harvesting best secondary user selection and non-orthogonal multiple access (2017)

We propose two novel cooperative spectrum sharing (CSS) protocols by using time-switching and power-splitting based energy harvesting (EH), namely CSS-TSP and CSS-PSP, respectively. The considered system consists of a set of energy constrained secondary transmitters (STs) that cooperate with the primary user to forward its symbol. All STs rely on the harvested energy from the source signal to forward the primary symbol. In exchange of cooperation, one of the STs behaving as the best EH decode-and-forward relay (ST <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">br</sub> ) gets channel access simultaneously with the primary user according to the non-orthogonal multiple access. Two ST <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">br</sub> selection strategies, namely ST <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">br</sub> selection based on harvested energy in current block of time and ST <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">br</sub> selection based on harvested energy from current plus previous blocks of time, have been proposed. The distributed nature of the ST <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">br</sub> selection in the proposed schemes to forward the primary symbol increases the network lifetime. We have investigated the achievable sum data rate/throughput of both CSS-TSP and CSS-PSP. Moreover, the optimal EH ratio that maximizes the sum data rate of both protocols is also investigated numerically.
Megaphone (2019)

We design and implement Megaphone, a data migration mechanism for stateful distributed dataflow engines with latency objectives. When compared to existing migration mechanisms, Megaphone has the following differentiating characteristics: (i) migrations can be subdivided to a configurable granularity to avoid latency spikes, and (ii) migrations can be prepared ahead of time to avoid runtime coordination. Megaphone is implemented as a library on an unmodified timely dataflow implementation, and provides an operator interface compatible with its existing APIs. We evaluate Megaphone on established benchmarks with varying amounts of state and observe that compared to naïve approaches Megaphone reduces service latencies during reconfiguration by orders of magnitude without significantly increasing steady-state overhead.
ChemInform Abstract: First Studies of the Transition Metal‐Catalyzed [5+2] Cycloadditions of Alkenes and Vinylcyclopropanes: Scope and Stereochemistry. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Efficiency of a nature-like bypass channel for restoring longitudinal connectivity for a river-resident population of brown trout (2017)

Man-made, physical barriers have disrupted longitudinal connectivity for migratory fish in many river systems throughout the world for centuries. These barriers are considered to be a key reason for the decline of many fish species in river systems. To date, most research to ease movement of anadromous salmonids past such barriers to help dwindling populations has focused on the use of technical fishways. More recently emphasis has been placed on nature-like fishways to enable a wider range of fish species to bypass these barriers, but few studies have examined their efficacy. In this study, Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) telemetry was used to assess the upstream-directed movements of 111 river-resident brown trout (length, 151-510-mm) into and through a 150-m long, nature-like bypass on the River Aire, England. Attraction (51%), entrance (86%), passage (78%) and exit (97%) efficiencies were high, and trout of a wide range of sizes entered and exited (197-510 mm) the pass across a wide range of flows (entrance = 3.55-67.44 m<sup>3</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> and exit = 3.89-35.5 m<sup>3</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>). There was evidence that two trout inhabited the pass during the day, entering at sunrise and exiting at sunset. This information is important to improve understanding of fish pass performance, thus informing future best practice guidance of fish passage designs.
Correlation of Laboratory Studies with Clinical Responses to A/New Jersey Influenza Vaccines (1977)

The large, uniformly performed clinical investigations with influenza A/New Jersey vaccines provided an opportunity to correlate results of laboratory tests of vaccine with human reactivity and antibody responses. These vaccines were given to large numbers of subjects under code, and significant differences in immunogenicity and reactivity were observed in unprimed individuals. A single, relatively large dose of intact virus was more immunogenic and reactive than split-virus vaccines in unprimed subjects. Differences in immunogenicity and reactivity in unprimed subjects correlated with the amount of intact virus in the vaccines (measured by column chromatography or electron microscopy) and with the amount of viral hemagglutinin in the vaccine (measured by immunodiffusion), but not with the number of chick cell-agglutinating units.
Therapeutics Role of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Their Active Constituents in Diseases Prevention and Treatment (2016)

Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a member of the Meliaceae family and its role as health-promoting effect is attributed because it is rich source of antioxidant. It has been widely used in Chinese, Ayurvedic, and Unani medicines worldwide especially in Indian Subcontinent in the treatment and prevention of various diseases. Earlier finding confirmed that neem and its constituents play role in the scavenging of free radical generation and prevention of disease pathogenesis. The studies based on animal model established that neem and its chief constituents play pivotal role in anticancer management through the modulation of various molecular pathways including p53, pTEN, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, Bcl-2, and VEGF. It is considered as safe medicinal plants and modulates the numerous biological processes without any adverse effect. In this review, I summarize the role of Azadirachta indica in the prevention and treatment of diseases via the regulation of various biological and physiological pathways.
Grid-Forming-Mode Operation of Boost-Power-Stage Converter in PV-Generator-Interfacing Applications (2017)

The application of constant power control and inclusion of energy storage in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) energy systems may increase the use of two-stage system structures composed of DC–DC-converter-interfaced PV generator and grid-connected inverter connected in cascade. A typical PV-generator-interfacing DC–DC converter is a boost-power-stage converter. The renewable energy system may operate in three different operation modes—grid-forming, grid-feeding, and grid-supporting modes. In the last two operation modes, the outmost feedback loops are taken from the input terminal of the associated power electronic converters, which usually does not pose stability problems in terms of their input sources. In the grid-forming operation mode, the outmost feedback loops have to be connected to the output terminal of the associated power electronic converters, and hence the input terminal will behave as a negative incremental resistor at low frequencies. This property will limit the operation of the PV interfacing converter in either the constant voltage or constant current region of the PV generator for ensuring stable operation. The boost-power-stage converter can be applied as a voltage or current-fed converter limiting the stable operation region accordingly. The investigations of this paper show explicitly that only the voltage-fed mode would provide feasible dynamic and stability properties as a viable interfacing converter.
Angular momentum and spherical symmetry (2015)

Abstract This chapter presents orbital angular momentum as the generator or rotations in space. The operators which carry out rotations in space form a group, which is a symmetry group of the Hamiltonian when the interaction is spherically symmetric. In such a case, there are certain useful statements which we can make about the role of invariant and irreducible subspaces of the Hilbert space under the group operations and how to calculate matrix elements of tensor operators within such spaces, that is, the Wigner-Eckart theorem.
[Molecular pathophysiology of schizophrenia and preventive strategy in pubertal period]. (2011)

A novel frameshift mutation in glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) gene was detected in a patient with schizophrenia of a pedigree with multiple affected individuals. The patient carrying the mutation showed decreased enzymatic activity by 50%, 3.7 times high level of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that is substrate of GLO1 and 20% of serum vitamin B6 compared to controls. Case-control study of GLO1 gene suggested that Ala allele of Glu111Ala was associated with schizophrenia. In vitro study using COS-7 cells transfected with cDNA of GLO1 yielded that enzymatic activity is lower in GLO1 with Ala111 than that of Glu111. The homozygotes of Ala111 showed 16% decreased GLO1 activities in RBC as compared with that of Glu111/Ala111 and Glu111/Glu111. Plasma AGEs levels were significantly high and serum vitamin B6 was significantly low in 45 schizophrenics than that of 61 control subjects. Supplementation of vitamin B6 to cases with the genetic defect of GLO1 before onset of psychosis is suggested to be possible strategy for prevention of schizophrenia until pubertal stage since such mutation carriers could have been exposed by high level of AGEs for a long time before disease onset.
Selecting users in energy-efficient collaborative spectrum sensing (2012)

Cognitive radio network is defined as an intelligent wireless communication network that should be able to adaptively reconfigure its communication parameters to meet the demands of the transmission network or the user. In this context one possible way to utilize unused licensed spectrum without interfering with incumbent users is through spectrum sensing. Due to channel uncertainties, single cognitive (opportunistic) user cannot make a decision reliably and hence collaboration among multiple users is often required. Here collaboration among large number of users tends to increase power consumption and introduces large communication overheads. In this paper, the number of collaborating users is optimized in order to maximize the probability of detection for any given power budget in a cognitive radio network, while satisfying constraints on the false alarm probability. We show that for the maximum probability of detection, collaboration of only a subset of available opportunistic users is required. The robustness of our proposed spectrum sensing algorithm is also examined under flat Rayleigh fading and AWGN channel conditions.
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transitioned Circulating Tumor Cells Capture for Detecting Tumor Progression (2014)

Taken together, the number of EMT CTCs detected correlated with the therapeutic outcome of the disease. These results establish CSV as a universal marker for EMT CTCs from a wide variety of tumor types and thus provide the foundation for emerging CTC detection technologies and for studying the molecular regulation of these EMT CTCs.
Abstract 113: Technical Performance Scores as a quality assessment tool in Congenital Heart Surgery; preliminary analysis of validation data (2012)

BACKGROUND : In previous work from our institution, individual practitioner technical performance of surgical procedures has been shown to be an important contributor to outcome and resource utilization in selected congenital cardiac operations. We have developed a Technical Scoring System for evaluation of majority of congenital cardiac procedures and wish to validate its efficacy as a self assessment tool for quality improvement. METHODS : All patients who were discharged between Jan 1 2011 and Dec 31, 2011 were included in this study. Based on discharge echocardiograms, a technical performance score was assigned using previously designed criteria. Case complexity was determined by RACHS-I category, postoperative adverse events and mortality were prospectively monitored. Outcomes were analyzed by non parametric methods. RESULTS : There were a total of 842 discharges encompassing all ages from neonates to adults. 560 (67%) were in RACHS-1 categories 1 to 3 (low risk) and 130 (15%) were in RACHS-1 categories 4 to 6 (high risk) and 152 (18%) could not be categorized. Technical performance scores were as follows: 436 (52%) class 1-optimal, 242(29%) class 2-adequate, 96 (115) class 3-inadequate, and 68(8%) could not classified. Occurrence of major adverse events, mortality and length of stay were all significantly higher in class 3. CONCLUSION : Preliminary data validates the usefulness of the technical scoring system as a quality assessment tool.
Animal Models of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (1995)

Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, U.S.A.
Originator control in usage control (2003)

Originator control is an access control policy that requires recipients to gain originator's approval for re-dissemination of disseminated digital object. Originator control policies are one of the generic and key concerns of usage control. Usage control is an emerging concept which encompasses traditional access control and digital rights management solutions. However, current commercial digital rights management (DRM) solutions lack enforcement of access control policies because their control of access to digital object is mainly based on payment. In this paper, we attempt to combine originator control policies and usage control. Then we show how this can extend traditional originator control solutions to enforce access control policies even outside of a local control environment where a central control authority is not available. License and ticket concepts are proposed and used for originator control in usage control. Also, we define seven different solution approaches to deal with various dissemination situations. In addition, we discuss some published DRM solutions and relate these to our solution approaches.
Anti-inflammatory effects of glucosamine in regulating the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) (96.6) (2010)

Abstract We attempted to understand the anti-inflammatory regulation of glucosamine-6-phosphate (GS-6-P) and glucosamine-6-sulfate (GS-6-S) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Clinical symptoms in MOG35-55-induced EAE mice significantly decreased following either oral administration or intravenous injection of GS-6-P, whereas only intravenous injection of GS-6-S inhibited EAE development. After clinical symptoms of EAE were induced, intravenous injection of both GS-6-P and GS-6-S could alleviate EAE in mice although GS-6-P was more potent. Further analysis showed that both GS-6-P and GS-6-S dramatically inhibited lymphocytic infiltration in the brain and spinal cord, recovered IL-10 producing cells to a normal level, and significantly decreased total number of splenocytes, CD4 T cell populations, IFN-γ producing cells and Th17 cells in mice. Besides, both GS-6-P and GS-6-S significantly inhibited the gene expression of IL-12, T-bet and IFN-γ, suggesting that glucosamine suppressed Th1 CD4 T cell differentiation and thus blocked EAE. GS-6-P also significantly increased IL-4 producing cells in spleen, but GS-6-S did not, suggesting GS-6-P could also promote Th2 CD4 T cell differentiation and thus further inhibited EAE. Our results suggested that GS-6-P could be a new therapeutic drug for MS treatment. (Supported in part by NIH grants R01AI053703, R01ES09098, R01 AI058300, R01DA016545, R01HL058641, ES 019313 and P01AT003961).