gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On trusting introductions from a reputable source: A utility-maximizing probabilistic approach (2013)

In many network environments, a node seeks to expand the number of connections to other nodes who can make valuable transactions possible. In the possible presence of misbehaving nodes, who make harmful transactions possible, each (behaving) node must use discretion on whether to accept a prospective connection. We study this problem when the mechanism for expansion is an introduction-based reputation protocol [1]: a prospective connection between two nodes is offered only by way of introduction via a third party already connected to both nodes, and each node's accept/decline decision is driven by a privately-managed pool of reputations. Our probabilistic analysis exposes a delicate interplay between the policies for managing established and prospective connections as well as assumptions on adversary behavior and information decentralization. Our results are illustrated by examples.
Auditory Brainstem Implant (2014)

ABI electrodes that are associated with auditory sensations elicited by bipolar stimulation are more likely to elicit evoked responses with a P3 wave or a middle-latency wave. P3 of the eABR and M15-25 of the eMLR are less likely to be present if neither electrode of the bipolar pair evoked an auditory sensation with monopolar stimulation.
Synthesis and Photomodulation of Rigid Polyphenylene Dendrimers with an Azobenzene Core (2003)

A series of azobenzene-cored polyphenylene dendrimers have been synthesized. The photoresponsive properties of these dendrimers have been investigated by optical spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). These polyphenylene dendrimers exhibit a photoresponsive behavior upon UV and visible irradiation, resulting in a reversible and appreciable change of the dendrimer structure. Furthermore, the influence of dendrimer generation and degree of branching on the kinetic characteristics of the photoisomerization is discussed. The crystal structures of two precursors and two solvate structures of the first generation are presented.
Variable optical buffer using slow light in semiconductor nanostructures (2003)

A compact variable all-optical buffer using semiconductor quantum dot (QD) structures is proposed and analyzed. The buffering effect is achieved by slowing down the optical signal using an external control light source to vary the dispersion characteristic of the medium via an electromagnetically induced transparency effect. We present a theoretical investigation of the criteria for achieving slow light in semiconductor QDs. A QD structure in the presence of strain is analyzed with the inclusion of polarization-dependent intersubband dipole selection rules. Experimental methods to synthesize and the measurements of coherent properties in state-of-the-art QDs are surveyed. Slow-light effects in uniform and nonuniform QDs are compared. Finally, optical signal propagation through the semiconductor optical buffer is presented to demonstrate the feasibility for practical applications.
Optimization of the ultrasonic excitation stage (2008)

The ultrasonic transducer excitation circuits have been investigated. The system structure is presented where excitation circuit is planned to be used. The possible excitation solutions are presented and discussed. The result of impedance measurement of ultrasonic transducer has been used to derive the Butterworth-Van Dyke electrical model.Then this model was used for PSpice modeling of candidate topologies. The chosen circuit was simulated and experimentally investigated. In this article a structure of ultrasound generator is analyzed.
Pushing Oil Recovery Technical Limits For Liquids-Rich Shales (2021)

Summary Even with the great advancements in hydraulic fracturing and shale well completions, the current recovery factor for liquid-rich shale is about 5% whereas that for gas-rich shale is about 25%. This indicates that the full potential of unconventional resources has not yet been realized. The large initial production rate followed by a rapid decline makes the unconventional industry heavily dependent on continuous drilling and completion. With the areas available for further drilling shrinking, there is a need to revive and sustain production in existing shale wells. Hence, this paper discusses the fundamentals of EOR application in unconventional reservoirs. Through a review of existing field tests, and the knowledge base of EOR mechanisms in shale, guidelines are provided for successful EOR application in liquid-rich shales. Shale resource characterization is fundamental to any future application of EOR. Thus, advancement in this area is emphasized including core-scale studies, discrete fracture network modeling, and simulation with coupled flow and geomechanics. Results from application of chemical blends, gas injection huff-n-puff, and new hybrid methods are discussed. It is shown that EOR as a drive process is very inefficient in shale and requires the presence of a natural/complex fracture system. It is indicated that gas injection Huff-n-Puff could increase the primary recovery by an additional 50%. On the other hand, chemical blends could provide up to 20% increased recovery due to wettability alteration. Hybrid methods combining chemical blends with the hydraulic fluids and gas injection Huff-n-Puff do provide additional uplift in oil recovery. Through a review of the field results, this paper provides new screening criteria for application of EOR to liquids-rich shale
Classifying vegetation communities karst wetland synergistic use of image fusion and object-based machine learning algorithm with Jilin-1 and UAV multispectral images (2022)

Fine classification of wetland vegetation communities using machine learning algorithm and high spatial resolution images have attracted increased attention. However, there exist several challenges in image fusion, data dimension reduction and algorithm tuning. To resolve these issues, this paper attempts to fuse Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) images with spaceborne Jilin-1 (JL101K) multispectral images for classifying vegetation communities of karst wetland using the optimized Random Forest (RF), Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and Light Gradient Boosting (LightGBM) algorithms. This study also quantitatively evaluates image fusion quality from spatial detail and spectral fidelity, and explores the effects of different image feature combinations and classifiers on mapping vegetation communities by variable selection and dimensionality reduction. Finally, this paper further evaluates and quantifies the importance and contribution rate of feature variables for typical vegetation communities using Recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm. The results showed that: (1) the Gram-Schmidt (GS)algorithm produced the high-quality fusion image of JL101K and UAV, and the fusion image achieved higher overall accuracy (82.8%) than the original JL101K multispectral image; (2) UAV multispectral image and its derivatives (scheme 3) achieved the highest overall accuracy (87.8%) in all classification schemes; (3) The optimized object-based LightGBM algorithm outperformed XGBoost and RF algorithm, which provided an improvement of 0.6%∼3.5% in overall accuracy (OA). McNemar's test indicated that there existed significant differences in vegetation communities’ classification between the three algorithms. (4) The average accuracy (AA) of vegetation communities in karst wetlands was mainly ranged from 60% to 90%. The water hyacinth and herbaceous vegetation were sensitive to the Mean Digital Surface Model (DSM) and Standard RedEdge band.
A Topological Data Analysis Guided Fusion Algorithm: Mapper-Regularized Manifold Alignment (2019)

Hyperspectral images and polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) data are two important data sources, yet they barely appear under the same scope, even though multi-modal data fusion is attracting more and more attention. To our best knowledge, this paper investigates for the first time semi-supervised manifold alignment (SSMA) for the fusion of the hyperspectral image and PolSAR data. The SSMA searches a latent space where different data sources are aligned, which is accomplished by using the label information and the topological structure of the data. This paper is the first attempt to apply topological data analysis (TDA), a recent mathematic sub-field of data analysis, in remote sensing. It aims to reveal relevant information from the shape of a data in its feature space, and has been proven powerful in medicine. The paper also proposes a novel algorithm, MAPPER-regularized manifold alignment, which embeds the TDA into a semi-supervised manifold alignment for the fusion of the hyper-spectral image and PolSAR data. The proposed algorithm exhibits superior performance in fusing a simulated EnMAP data set and a Sentinel-1 data set for an image of Berlin.
Evelynin, a Cytotoxic Benzoquinone-Type retro-Dihydrochalcone from Tacca chantrieri (2010)

A new benzoquinone-type retro-dihydrochalcone, named evelynin, was isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri. The structure was elucidated on the basis of the analysis of spectroscopic data and confirmed by a simple one-step total synthesis. Evelynin exhibited cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-435 melanoma, MDA-MB-231 breast, PC-3 prostate, and HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, with IC(50) values of 4.1, 3.9, 4.7, and 6.3 μM, respectively.
Supplementary Table 1 from Identification of Genes Uniquely Involved in Frequent Microsatellite Instability Colon Carcinogenesis by Expression Profiling Combined with Epigenetic Scanning (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Identification of Genes Uniquely Involved in Frequent Microsatellite Instability Colon Carcinogenesis by Expression Profiling Combined with Epigenetic Scanning
Cationic Covalent Organic Framework as an Ion Exchange Material for Efficient Adsorptive Separation of Biomolecules (2021)

Although covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have earned significant interest in separation applications, the use of COFs in biomolecule separation remains unexplored. We examined the ionic COF Py-BPy<sup>2+</sup>-COF as an ion exchange material for biomolecule separation. After characterizing the properties of the synthesized COF with a variety of techniques, binding experiments with both large and small biomolecules were performed. High adsorption capacities of amino acids with different hydrophobicity and charge, as well as proteins of different isoelectric points and molecular weights, were determined in batch equilibrium experiments. Desorption experiments with mixtures of model proteins demonstrated an ability to successfully separate one protein from another with the selectivity hypothesized to be a combination of the isoelectric point, hydrophobicity, and ability to penetrate the crystalline material. Overall, the results demonstrated that Py-BPy<sup>2+</sup>-COF can be exploited as a robust crystalline anion exchange biomolecule separation material.
Effect of inhibition of ErbB2-tyrosine kinase domain with lapatinib on cardiac dysfunction compared to the antibody trastuzumab in mice. (2012)

e11052 Background: Lapatinib (L) inhibits ErbB2-tyrosine kinase domain and has been reported (in the few existing trials) to be associated with a low risk of cardiac dysfunction (2%), while the prototypical Trastuzumab (T) increases the frequency of asymptomatic ejection fraction decrease by 3-18%, and the risk of heart failure by 2-4%. Here, we characterize our L murine cardiotoxicity model. Methods: Cardiac function was measured with fractional shortening (FS) by M-mode echocardiography, and with radial myocardial strain (%) with speckle tracking (ST) in sedated C57BL6 mice (2-4 mo. old) at day 0, and after 2 and 7 days of daily administration of L (100mg/kg/day orally), and in control mice. For comparison we used our well-established models with T (2.25 mg/kg/day, ip), and Doxorubicin (D, 2.17 mg/kg/day ip) as positive control. On excised hearts, we evaluated TNFα and CD68 by immunohistochemistry. Results: FS was reduced with D at 2 days: 52±0.2%, p&lt;.001 vs 60±0.4% (sham), while L and T decreased FS only at 7 days (56±2 and 49±1.5%, respectively, both p&lt;.05 vs 60±0.5% for sham). Interestingly, FS reduction with L was milder (p=.01) than with T. By immunohistochemistry, all treatments increased cardiac inflammation significantly vs controls. In particular, with T more myocytes were positive for TNFα (6±1%), and there were more CD68 cells/mm 2 (72±6) compared to L (2±.2% and 27±4, respectively, both p&lt;.02 vs T). D-treated hearts exhibited the highest values. Importantly, from a diagnostic point of view, with ST-echocardiogaphy, myocardial strain was reduced early at 2 days with L and T, predicting cardiotoxicity: 34±7% for L, 44±7% for T (p=NS), both p&lt;.05 vs sham (66±.6%). Conclusions: Specifically targeting the tyrosine kinase domain of ErbB2 with L is less cardiotoxic than T. Nevertheless, both dysfunctions occur later than D. Myocardial strain identifies systolic dysfunction earlier than conventional echo and can be useful to predict cardiotoxicity in these settings. From a clinical point of view, we plan to evaluate the impact of ST echocardiography in early prediction of anti-ErbB2 toxicity in patients, while dissecting myocardial toxicity mechanisms in our animal models.
Harvesting mid-wave infrared radiation with type-II InAs/InAsSb superlattices: from photodetectors to thermophotovoltaics cells (2022)

International audience
Dynamics of Aroma-Active Volatiles in Miso Prepared from Lizardfish Meat and Soy during Fermentation: A Comparative Analysis (2012)

The evolution of aroma-active compounds during the maturation of lizardfish meat and soybean miso was quantified and characterized using the purge-and-trap method for volatile isolation. The results revealed that miso prepared from lizardfish meat and soybeans is the result of alcoholic fermentation rather than acid fermentation. The miso prepared from soybeans matured earlier (60–90 days) than that prepared from lizardfish meat (135 days). The constancy in the volatile lipid-oxidation products, including certain aldehydes and ketones, indicated the oxidative stability of both miso products throughout the fermentation period. The present findings indicated several compounds responsible for miso aroma, including 2-methylpropanal, 3-methylbutanal, 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl isobutyrate, 2-methylethyl butanoate, 3-methylethyl buta-noate, ethyl decanoate, 2,3-butanedione, dimethyl trisulfide, methional, and 2-methyl butanoic acid. The formation of aldehyde can be attributed to the decomposition of hydroperoxides and peroxyl radicals, which are supposed to be initial products of oxidized fat. The volatile ketones were most likely the products of lipid and/or amino acid degradation also could possibly be produced from secondary degradation reactions involving diverse substances from the lipid during fermentation and/or may be derived from the Maillard reaction. Formation of the major volatiles in miso products were suggested as a combined effect of fungal metabolism of amino acids, sugars, and lipids, as well as the Maillard reaction during the fer-mentation period. The major difference between miso prepared from lizardfish meat and that from soybeans was the relative abundance of those odor-active compounds that finally characterize the products. Substrate specificmetabolic capacity of A. oryzae and the Maillard reaction were presumed to determine the flavor profile of the end product of miso.
Dichlorophenylacrylonitriles as AhR Ligands That Display Selective Breast Cancer Cytotoxicity in vitro (2018)

Knoevenagel condensation of 3,4-dichloro- and 2,6-dichlorophenylacetonitriles gave a library of dichlorophenylacrylonitriles. Our leads (Z)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)acrylonitrile (5) and (Z)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)acrylonitrile (6) displayed 0.56±0.03 and 0.127±0.04 μm growth inhibition (GI<sub>50</sub> ) and 260-fold selectivity for the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. A 2,6-dichlorophenyl moiety saw a 10-fold decrease in potency; additional nitrogen moieties (-NO<sub>2</sub> ) enhanced activity (Z)-2-(2,6-dichloro-3-nitrophenyl)-3-(2-nitrophenyl)acrylonitrile (26) and (Z)-2-(2,6-dichloro-3-nitrophenyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)acrylonitrile (27), with the corresponding -NH<sub>2</sub> analogues (Z)-2-(3-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl)-3-(2-aminophenyl)acrylonitrile (29) and (Z)-2-(3-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl)-3-(3-aminophenyl)acrylonitrile (30) being more potent. Despite this, both 29 (2.8±0.03 μm) and 30 (2.8±0.03 μm) were found to be 10-fold less cytotoxic than 6. A bromine moiety effected a 3-fold enhancement in solubility with (Z)-3-(5-bromo-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acrylonitrile 18 relative to 5 at 211 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> . Modeling-guided synthesis saw the introduction of 4-aminophenyl substituents (Z)-3-(4-aminophenyl)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acrylonitrile (35) and (Z)-N-(4-(2-cyano-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)vinyl)phenyl)acetamide (38), with respective GI<sub>50</sub> values of 0.030±0.014 and 0.034±0.01 μm. Other analogues such as 35 and 36 were found to have sub-micromolar potency against our panel of cancer cell lines (HT29, colon; U87 and SJ-G2, glioblastoma; A2780, ovarian; H460, lung; A431, skin; Du145, prostate; BE2-C, neuroblastoma; MIA, pancreas; and SMA, murine glioblastoma), except compound 38 against the U87 cell line. A more extensive evaluation of 38 ((Z)-N-(4-(2-cyano-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)vinyl)phenyl)acetamide) in a panel of drug-resistant breast carcinoma cell lines showed 10-206 nm potency against MDAMB468, T47D, ZR-75-1, SKBR3, and BT474. Molecular Operating Environment docking scores showed a good correlation between predicted binding efficiencies and observed MCF-7 cytotoxicity. This supports the use of this model in the development of breast-cancer-specific drugs.
Causality and natural optical activity (chirality) (1996)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Werner S. Weiglhofer and Akhlesh Lakhtakia, "Causality and natural optical activity (chirality)," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13, 385-386 (1996) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Reger, Scott N. ⋅ 1901–1982 (1982)

First Page
Learning Snow Layer Thickness Through Physics Defined Labels (2022)

Increasing global temperatures are adversely affecting the polar ice sheets and contributing to sea level rise. The situation requires constant monitoring and analysis of the change in thickness of snow layers accumulated on top of ice sheets. The monitoring can be performed through radar sensors, but current methods aren't efficient enough to process the radar images since they are noisy, and lack quality annotations, which are required by state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms. In this work, we show that first learning the thickness of snow layers simulated through a physical model helps in building robust deep learning networks. Specifically we show that transfer learning from a network trained with physics-defined labels improves snow layer thickness estimates by 6-29% on the test set.
Escherichia coli tRNA 2-Selenouridine Synthase (SelU): Elucidation of Substrate Specificity to Understand the Role of S-Geranyl-tRNA in the Conversion of 2-Thio- into 2-Selenouridines in Bacterial tRNA (2022)

The bacterial enzyme tRNA 2-selenouridine synthase (SelU) is responsible for the conversion of 5-substituted 2-thiouridine (R5S2U), present in the anticodon of some bacterial tRNAs, into 5-substituted 2-selenouridine (R5Se2U). We have already demonstrated using synthetic RNAs that transformation S2U→Se2U is a two-step process, in which the S2U-RNA is geranylated and the resulting geS2U-RNA is selenated. Currently, the question is how SelU recognizes its substrates and what the cellular pathway of R5S2U→R5Se2U conversion is in natural tRNA. In the study presented here, we characterized the SelU substrate requirements, identified SelU-associated tRNAs and their specific modifications in the wobble position. Finally, we explained the sequence of steps in the selenation of tRNA. The S2U position within the RNA chain, the flanking sequence of the modification, and the length of the RNA substrate, all have a key influence on the recognition by SelU. MST data on the affinity of SelU to individual RNAs confirmed the presumed process. SelU binds the R5S2U-tRNA and then catalyzes its geranylation to the R5geS2U-tRNA, which remains bound to the enzyme and is selenated in the next step of the transformation. Finally, the R5Se2U-tRNA leaves the enzyme and participates in the translation process. The enzyme does not directly catalyze the R5S2U-tRNA selenation and the R5geS2U-tRNA is the intermediate product in the linear sequence of reactions.
Improving Cyber Defense Education through National Standard Alignment (2018)

There has been a fast-growing demand for cybersecurity professionals to defend cyber space and information systems. With more and more programs and course offerings in cybersecurity popping up in higher education, it is important to have a consistent and reliable quality standard to guide and evaluate the training and preparation of qualified cyber defense workforce. The national Centers of Academic Excellence in Cyber Defense Education (CAE-CDE) designation program jointly sponsored by the US National Security Agency (NSA) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is a rigorous national standard with specific criteria for maintaining the quality of cybersecurity education. This article explains the CAE-CDE program criteria and requirements and discusses the important role of the special designation in improving cyber defense education and workforce development. This article illustrates the educational value and quality impact of the CAE-CDE program with three case studies: (1) University of Missouri – St. Louis; (2) American Public University; and (3) Robert Morris University.
P-Selectin Inhibition Therapeutically Promotes Thrombus Resolution and Prevents Vein Wall Fibrosis Better Than Enoxaparin and an Inhibitor to von Willebrand Factor (2015)

The P-selectin inhibitor aptamer promoted iliac vein recanalization, preserved valve competency, and decreased vein wall fibrosis. The results of this work suggest that P-selectin inhibition maybe an ideal target in the treatment and prophylaxis of deep VT, warranting clinical trials.
Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures (1996)

Measurements of bone mineral density can predict fracture risk but cannot identify individuals who will have a fracture. We do not recommend a programme of screening menopausal women for osteoporosis by measuring bone density.
Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibits Oxidized LDL-Triggered Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Vivo (2010)

We conclude that HOG-LDL, via enhanced SERCA oxidation, causes aberrant ER stress, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis in vivo, all of which are inhibited by AMPK activation.