gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced osteoblast proliferation and collagen gene expression by estradiol. (1988)

Estrogens play a crucial role in the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the mechanism by which estrogens exert their effects on bone is unknown. To examine possible direct effects of 17 beta-estradiol on bone-forming cells, we used pure rat osteoblast-like cells in vitro as a model. Osteoblast-like cells prepared from calvaria of newborn rats were cultured serum-free in methylcellulose-containing medium for 21 days. Osteoblast-like cells proliferate selectively into clonally derived cell clusters of spherical morphology. 17 beta-Estradiol at concentrations of 0.1 nM and 1 nM enhanced osteoblast-like cell proliferation by 41% and 68% above vehicle-treated controls. The biologically inactive stereoisomer 17 alpha-estradiol (same concentrations) had no effect. Moreover, the antiestrogen tamoxifen abolished the stimulation of osteoblast-like cell proliferation by 17 beta-estradiol. After 21 days of culture, RNA was prepared and analyzed in a dot-hybridization assay for the abundance of pro alpha 1(I) collagen mRNA. Steady-state mRNA levels were increased in cultures treated with 17 beta-estradiol in a dose-dependent manner with maximal stimulation at 1 nM and 10 nM. At the same concentrations, the percentage of synthesized protein (labeled by [3H]proline pulse) that was digestible by collagenase was increased, indicating that 17 beta-estradiol acts at pretranslational levels to enhance synthesis of bone collagen. These data show that the osteoblast is a direct target for 17 beta-estradiol.
Catenin delta-1 (CTNND1) phosphorylation controls the mesenchymal to epithelial transition in astrocytic tumors (2016)

Inactivating mutations of the TSC1/TSC2 complex (TSC1/2) cause tuberous sclerosis (TSC), a hereditary syndrome with neurological symptoms and benign hamartoma tumours in the brain. Since TSC effectors are largely unknown in the human brain, TSC patient cortical tubers were used to uncover hyperphosphorylation unique to TSC primary astrocytes, the cell type affected in the brain. We found abnormal hyperphosphorylation of catenin delta-1 S268, which was reversible by mTOR-specific inhibitors. In contrast, in three metastatic astrocytoma cell lines, S268 was under phosphorylated, suggesting S268 phosphorylation controls metastasis. TSC astrocytes appeared epithelial (i.e. tightly adherent, less motile, and epithelial (E)-cadherin positive), whereas wild-type astrocytes were mesenchymal (i.e. E-cadherin negative and highly motile). Despite their epithelial phenotype, TSC astrocytes outgrew contact inhibition, and monolayers sporadically generated tuberous foci, a phenotype blocked by the mTOR inhibitor, Torin1. Also, mTOR-regulated phosphokinase C epsilon (PKCe) activity induced phosphorylation of catenin delta-1 S268, which in turn mediated cell-cell adhesion in astrocytes. The mTOR-dependent, epithelial phenotype of TSC astrocytes suggests TSC1/2 and mTOR tune the phosphorylation level of catenin delta-1 by controlling PKCe activity, thereby regulating the mesenchymal-epithelial-transition (MET). Thus, some forms of TSC could be treated with PKCe inhibitors, while metastasis of astrocytomas might be blocked by PKCe stimulators.
Diagnosis of Gram negative, ventilator associated pneumonia by assaying endotoxin in bronchial lavage fluid (2001)

Despite its accuracy and rapidity, the BAL endotoxin assay must be shown to alter clinical management and patient outcome to be cost effective.
Determinants of segregational stability of the linear plasmid‐prophage N15 of Escherichia coli (2001)

N15 is a bacteriophage of Escherichia coli that resembles lambda, but, unlike lambda, it lysogenizes as a linear plasmid. We show that stable maintenance of this unusual plasmid-prophage depends on the parA and parB genes, relatives of the partition genes of F and P1 plasmids. ParB of N15, like its F- and P1-encoded homologues, destabilizes plasmids carrying its target centromere, when present in excess. Within the genome of N15, we identified four unlinked, palindromic sequences that can promote the ParB-mediated destabilization of a moderate-copy vector in cis. They are distant from the parAB operon, unlike the centromeric sites of F and P1. Each of these palindromes could interact in vivo and in vitro with ParB. Each, when cloned separately, had properties characteristic of centromeric sites: exerted incompatibility against the N15 prophage and mini-N15 plasmids, and stabilized a mini-P1 plasmid depleted of its own partition genes when ParA and ParB of N15 were supplied. A pair of sites was more effective than a single site. Two of the centromeric sites are located in the proximity of promoters of phage genes, suggesting that, in addition to their function in partitioning of N15 prophage, they may control expression of N15 lytic functions.
Role of a Preconception Maternal Nutrition Supplement and Pre-pregnancy BMI on Amnion DNA Methylation at Birth in Guatemalan Mother-Infant Dyads: The Women First Trial (2022)

Maternal nutrition can alter the offspring epigenome at birth. We sought to examine epigenome-wide DNA methylation (DNAme) from a subset of Guatemalan mother-infant dyads from the Women First Preconception Maternal Nutrition Trial (WF). Women were randomized to either: Arm 1) women consumed a daily maternal nutrition supplement (MNS) ≥ 3 months prior to conception until delivery; Arm 2) women consumed the same MNS starting at 12 weeks gestation until delivery; or Arm 3) no MNS. We tested if infant DNAme from amnion tissue at birth (N = 99) was associated with: 1) timing of exposure to maternal MNS; 2) pre-pregnancy body mass index (ppBMI); and 3) the interaction of maternal MNS and ppBMI. Bisulfite-converted DNAme libraries were constructed using Roche NimbleGen SeqCap Epi CpGiant probes and were sequenced via 2 × 150 paired end reads. We assessed the relationship between Arm, ppBMI, and Arm x ppBMI interaction on CpG methylation. All statistical models adjusted for multiple testing using false discovery rate (FDR) and controlled for maternal age, infant sex, exposure to smoke, infant genetics, and cellular heterogeneity. Gene set enrichment analyses were performed via Enrichr. We identified 480 CpGs associated with Arm, 4 CpGs associated with ppBMI, and 22 CpGs associated with the interaction of Arm x ppBMI (FDR < 0.05). Further, we found that DNAme was changed between Arms (1 vs 2, 1 vs 3). There were 300 CpGs that were different between Arms 1 and 2 and 159 CpGs that were different between Arms 1 and 3 that annotated to genes and passed FDR < 0.05. These results suggest preconception consumption of maternal MNS elicits different epigenetic responses as compared to MNS commencing during gestation or not at all. In addition, CpGs that annotated to genes were enriched in pathways associated with growth, development, and metabolism that included circadian rhythm, TCA cycle, Wnt signaling, and melatonin metabolism. Our findings indicate that maternal MNS was robustly associated with amnion DNAme at birth. More specifically, preconception MNS resulted in DNAme changes that differed from the other Arms in biologically relevant pathways suggesting timing of maternal nutrition impacts the fetal epigenome. Future studies will examine DNAme associated with birth outcomes. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and NIH NICHD/ODS.
Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (R176Q) Delineate a Putative Role for Parathyroid Hormone in Renal Phosphate Wasting Disorders (2004)

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a recently characterized protein likely involved in the regulation of serum phosphate homeostasis. Increased circulating levels of FGF23 have been reported in patients with renal phosphate-wasting disorders, but it is unclear whether FGF23 is the direct mediator responsible for the decreased phosphate transport at the proximal renal tubules and the altered vitamin D metabolism associated with these states. To examine this question, we generated transgenic mice expressing and secreting from the liver human FGF23 (R176Q), a mutant form that fails to be degraded by furin proteases. At 1 and 2 months of age, mice carrying the transgene recapitulated the biochemical (decreased urinary phosphate reabsorption, hypophosphatemia, low serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) and skeletal (rickets and osteomalacia) alterations associated with these disorders. Unexpectantly, marked changes in parameters of calcium homeostasis were also observed, consistent with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Moreover, in the kidney the anticipated alterations in the expression of hydroxylases associated with vitamin D metabolism were not observed despite the profound hypophosphatemia and increased circulating levels of PTH, both major physiological stimuli for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) production. Our findings strongly support the novel concept that high circulating levels of FGF23 are associated with profound disturbances in the regulation of phosphate and vitamin D metabolism as well as calcium homeostasis and that elevated PTH levels likely also contribute to the renal phosphate wasting associated with these disorders.
Rekreasyonel Bir Etkinlik Olarak Piknik Yapmak: Suda Boğulma Vakalarının İncelenmesi (2018)

Rekreasyon, bireylerin kendi istekleri ile zorunlu ihtiyaçlarına ayırdıkları zamanın dışında, gönüllü olarak katıldıkları etkinliklerdir. Dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de insanların dış mekan rekreasyon talepleri sürekli değişmektedir. Kültürümüzde önemli bir yer tutan piknik yapma etkinliği, küçük yaşlarda tanıştığımız, önemli bir dış mekan rekreasyon etkinliğidir. Yerleşim yerlerinin küçük ya da büyük olmasına bakılmaksızın, uygun bir ortam bulunduğunda, lider gerektirmeden yapılabilecek bir etkinlik olarak değerlendirilebilir. Uygun ortam tercihi çoğunlukla, kış mevsiminin bitişiyle birlikte bahar aylarında ve özellikle yaz aylarında, suya yakın alanlar olmaktadır. Su ortamı, sportif amaçlı performans sergilenebilecek ve keyifli zaman geçirmek için, çok sayıda rekreatif aktivitenin yürütülebileceği imkânlar sunabilmektedir. Su ortamı; insanlar için doğal olan bir yaşam alanı değildir. Ancak fiziksel olarak, batmadan su yüzeyinde durmayı sağlar. Suda boğulma; sıvı bir ortam içerisinde batma ve dalmadan kaynaklanan solunum bozulması ile ilerleyen süreçler dizisidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’de, piknik amacıyla gerçekleştirilen dış ortam rekreasyon etkinliğinde suda boğulma sonucunda meydana gelen ölümleri, yıllara ve aylara göre sayıları, illere göre dağılımı, boğulanların bazı demografik özellikleri, boğulmaların gerçekleşme şekilleri, vakalara göre suda boğulma sayıları ve gerçekleştiği su ortamı açısından incelemektir. Bu araştırmada online arama motorlarında 01 Ocak 2005 ile 31 Aralık 2010 tarihleri arasında “piknikte boğuldu, denizde boğuldu, suda boğuldu, suya düştü boğuldu, kurtardı boğuldu, kurtaramadı boğuldu, yüzerken boğuldu vb.” anahtar kelimeler taranmış ve boğulma ile ilgili haberler günlük olarak toplanmıştır. Boğulanların kişisel bilgileri, boğulma yeri, niçin orada bulundukları, su ortamı vb. veriler kaydedilmiştir. Verilerin analizi SPSS 23 paket programı kullanılarak frekans ve yüzdeleri değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Türkiye’de, 2005-2010 yılları arasında toplam altı yılda, piknik yapmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilen dış ortam rekreasyon etkinliğinde, 236 kişinin boğularak hayatını kaybettiği belirlenmiştir. Boğularak ölümlerin önlenebilmesi için küçük yaşlardan itibaren yüzme ve su güvenli eğitimi verilmelidir. Piknik ve mesire alanlarının daha güvenlikli hale getirilmesi, yoğun kullanımı olan su kenarlarında alanlara cankurtaran bulundurma zorunluluğu getirilmelidir.
Software-Defined Networking Using OpenFlow: Protocols, Applications and Architectural Design Choices (2014)

We explain the notion of software-defined networking (SDN), whose southbound interface may be implemented by the OpenFlow protocol. We describe the operation of OpenFlow and summarize the features of specification versions 1.0–1.4. We give an overview of existing SDN-based applications grouped by topic areas. Finally, we point out architectural design choices for SDN using OpenFlow and discuss their performance implications.
Automatic Multi-Camera Setup Optimization for Optical Tracking (2006)

We propose a method to determine the optimal camera alignment for a tracking system with multiple cameras by specifying the volume to be tracked and an initial camera setup. We use optimization strategies based on methods usually employed for solving nonlinear systems of equations. All approaches are fully automatic and take advantage of modern graphics hardware since we also implement a GPU-based, accelerated visibility test. The algorithm automatically optimizes the whole setup by adjusting the given set of camera parameters. We can steer the optimization towards different goals depending on the desired application, e.g. the widest possible volume coverage or maximum camera visibility to overcome heavy occlusion problems during the tracking process. We also consider parameter constraints that the user may specify according to restrictions in the local environment where the cameras have to be mounted. This allows for a convenient definition of higher level constraints for the camera setup.
Colorful Virus-like Particles: Fluorescent Protein Packaging by the Qβ Capsid (2011)

Qβ virus-like particles encapsulating multiple copies of fluorescent proteins were generated in high yields using a modular system enhanced by specific engineered RNA--protein interactions. The resulting particles were structurally indistinguishable from recombinant Qβ alone. The encapsidated proteins were nearly identical in photochemical properties to monomeric analogues, were more stable toward thermal degradation, and were protected from proteolytic cleavage. Residues on the outer capsid surface were chemically derivatized by acylation and azide--alkyne cycloaddition without affecting the fluorescence properties of the packaged proteins. A high-affinity carbohydrate-based ligand of the CD22 receptor was thereby attached, and specific cell labeling by the particles was successfully detected by flow cytometry and confocal laser microscopy.
Analysis and Automatic Classification of Breath Sounds (1984)

Analysis of breath sounds (auscultation) is an important part of the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. An automatic breathsounds classification scheme is suggested. Types of normal and abnormal breath sounds are classified, with the goal of providing the physician with a diagnostic assist device. The classification is performed in two levels. The first level is based on the linear prediction coefflcients, and the second level on energy envelope features. Seven types of breath sounds were classified. Out of 105 trials, the system exhibited only five errors The system can be implemented on a microprocessor and thus can be offered as a low-cost clinical instrument.
Impact of Toll-Like Receptor-Specific Agonists on the Host Immune Response to the Yersinia pestis Plague rF1V Vaccine (2021)

Relatively recent advances in plague vaccinology have produced the recombinant fusion protein F1-V plague vaccine. This vaccine has been shown to readily protect mice from both bubonic and pneumonic plague. The protection afforded by this vaccine is solely based upon the immune response elicited by the F1 or V epitopes expressed on the F1-V fusion protein. Accordingly, questions remain surrounding its efficacy against infection with non-encapsulated (F1-negative) strains. In an attempt to further optimize the F1-V elicited immune response and address efficacy concerns, we examined the inclusion of multiple toll-like receptor agonists into vaccine regimens. We examined the resulting immune responses and also any protection afforded to mice that were exposed to aerosolized <i>Yersinia pestis</i>. Our data demonstrate that it is possible to further augment the F1-V vaccine strategy in order to optimize and augment vaccine efficacy.
The Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Azulene and Acepleiadylene (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Azulene and AcepleiadyleneW. G. Schneider, H. J. Bernstein, and J. A. PopleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 14, 3497–3502Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01547a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01547a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views336Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
METASTABLE SOLID SOLUTIONS IN ALUMINUM-MAGNESIUM ALLOYS. Technical Report No. 21 (1963)

By rapidly quenching Al--Mg alloys from the melt, the limits of terminal solid solubility can be extended from 18.9 to about 39 at.% of Mg in Al, aud from 11.6 to about 26 at.% of Al in Mg. Quenched alloys of compositions within the BETA and gamma fields have the equilibrium crystal structures of these two phases. A discussion is given of the variation of atomic volume with composition. (auth)
Persistent Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in Ucp2-/- Mice Leads to Enhanced Nitric Oxide and Inflammatory Cytokine Production (2005)

One of the phenotypes of mice with targeted disruption of the uncoupling protein-2 gene (Ucp2-/-) is greater macrophage phagocytic activity and free radical production, resulting in a striking resistance to infectious microorganisms. In this study, the molecular mechanisms of this enhanced immune response were investigated. We found that levels of nitric oxide measured in either plasma or isolated macrophages from Ucp2-/- mice are significantly elevated in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide challenge compared with similarly treated Ucp2+/+ mice. Likewise, expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase and inflammatory cytokines is higher in Ucp2-/- mice in vivo and in vitro. Key steps in the activation cascade of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B, including I kappa B kinase and nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B subunits, are all remarkably enhanced in Ucp2-/- mice, most notably even under basal conditions. The elevated basal activity of I kappa B kinase in macrophages from Ucp2-/- mice can be blocked by cell-permeable inhibitors of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generation, but not by a specific inhibitor for inducible nitric-oxide synthase. Isolated mitochondria from Ucp2-/- cells produced more superoxide/hydrogen peroxide. We conclude that mitochrondrially derived reactive oxygen from Ucp2-/- cells constitutively activates NF-kappa B, resulting in a "primed" state to both potentiate and amplify the inflammatory response upon subsequent stimulation.
Iron Enzymes and Models (2002)

Abstract In recent years, iron complexes of designed ligands have been synthesized as mimics of the active sites of the various non‐heme iron enzymes. The reactions of these model complexes have been studied to establish the mechanisms of the enzymatic reactions as well as the identities of the intermediates involved in the biocatalytic processes. The ultimate goal in these endeavors is to isolate functional mimics that could be employed in biomimetic catalysis under mild conditions. This review provides key references to the burgeoning literature on the results of research performed by various groups in the area of oxygen activation, oxygenation of organic substrates, amide hydrolysis, and other useful chemical transformations. Examples of good structural and functional models have been included along with brief descriptions of the enzymes. The role of the coordination spheres of the iron centers and the nature of the key iron‐peroxo and/or hypervalent iron‐oxo intermediates have been discussed. Results of the attempted catalysis by the functional model complexes have also been discussed to highlight the challenge involved in bio‐inspired catalysis as well as the success of the modeling work completed so far.
Formwork fabrication freedom for a concrete canoe (2019)

The pursuit for complex geometries in contemporary architecture is driving innovation towards an unconstrained fabrication freedom for building components. Concrete is a building material with excellent structural and architectural qualities, which has the theoretical capacity of being cast into any shape. However, in practice, concrete is generally limited by the formwork manufacturing industry to simple, planar shapes. To overcome this fabrication limitation, this research investigates the use of large-scale 3D-printed plastic formworks for concrete components. This novel construction method takes advantage of the load-bearing capacity of concrete and relies on the fabrication-freedom inherited from the 3D printed formwork, thus making complex topologies and precise details possible for concrete structures. To demonstrate the potential applications of this method, skelETHon —a functional four-meter-long concrete canoe— was designed, built and raced in a regatta on the Rhine river. The research focused on the optimization of the 3D printing process for large-scale plastic formworks and on improving the stability of the thin formwork shells during casting.
Rock Type And Berthing Velocity Of 80000t Vessel On Design Of Berthing Structure (2022)

A berthing structure is a port and harbour structure to which the vessel is securely berthed and moored. The design of berthing structures depends on various factors such as vessel characteristics, embedded soil/rock, the berthing velocity which depends on site and berthing conditions. The behaviour of the berthing structure for different grades of embedded rocks and different berthing velocities is studied through numerical analysis using STAAD PRO. In order to carry out conceptual design the embedment length of pile is to be assumed. The fixity depth and embedment length for piles in rock is assumed based on the requirements of long flexible piles as per IS 2911 Part 1/Sec2. The berthing force for different berthing velocity corresponding to site and berthing condition as per IS 4651 code and analysis of pile supported berthing structure for five grades of weathered rocks are carried out. For each type of rock, as the berthing velocity increases, the increment in diameter of the pile is more compared to the increment in the length of the pile. For each berthing velocity, as quality of rock increases, decrement in the embedded length of pile is more compared to decrement in diameter which leads to decreased slenderness ratio of pile and less lateral deflection of pile. The design charts are also developed for fixity depth, embedment depth, percentage of steel, diameter of pile etc satisfying the crack width limit for berthing structure with four rows of pile considering all possible load combination.