gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HMN-176, an active metabolite of the synthetic antitumor agent HMN-214, restores chemosensitivity to multidrug-resistant cells by targeting the transcription factor NF-Y. (2003)

HMN-176 ((E)-4-[[2-N-[4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl]amino]stilbazole]1-oxide) is an active metabolite of HMN-214 ((E)-4-[2-[2-(N-acetyl-N-[4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl]amino)stilbazole]]1-oxide), which has a potent antitumor activity in mouse xenograft models. In this study, we show that HMN-176 circumvents multidrug resistance in a K2 human ovarian cancer subline selected for Adriamycin resistance (K2/ARS). Upon treatment of K2/ARS cells with 3 microM HMN-176, the GI(50) of Adriamycin for the cells decreased by approximately 50%. To explore the molecular mechanism of this effect, we assessed the expression of the multidrug resistance gene (MDR1), which is constitutive in K2/ARS cells, at both the protein and the mRNA level. Western and reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of MDR1 was significantly suppressed by treatment with HMN-176. Furthermore, when administered p.o., HMN-214 suppressed the expression of MDR1 mRNA in a mouse xenograft model implanted with KB-A.1, an Adriamycin-resistant cell line. Luciferase reporter fusion gene analysis demonstrated that HMN-176 inhibited the Y-box-dependent promoter activity of the MDR1 gene in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we show by electrophoretic mobility shift assay that HMN-176 inhibits the binding of NF-Y, which is thought to be an essential factor for the basal expression of MDR1, to its target Y-box consensus sequence in the MDR-1 promoter. Inhibition of MDR-1 expression was achieved with pharmacological concentrations of HMN-176, suggesting that HMN-176 may act by two different mechanisms-cytotoxicity and MDR1 down-regulation-simultaneously. The data presented strongly suggest that the antitumor mechanism of HMN-176 (or its prodrug HMN-214 in vivo) is quite different from those of known antitumor agents.
Fractionated Radiation Exposure of Rat Spinal Cords Leads to Latent Neuro-Inflammation in Brain, Cognitive Deficits, and Alterations in Apurinic Endonuclease 1 (2015)

Ionizing radiation causes degeneration of myelin, the insulating sheaths of neuronal axons, leading to neurological impairment. As radiation research on the central nervous system has predominantly focused on neurons, with few studies addressing the role of glial cells, we have focused our present research on identifying the latent effects of single/ fractionated -low dose of low/ high energy radiation on the role of base excision repair protein Apurinic Endonuclease-1, in the rat spinal cords oligodendrocyte progenitor cells' differentiation. Apurinic endonuclease-1 is predominantly upregulated in response to oxidative stress by low- energy radiation, and previous studies show significant induction of Apurinic Endonuclease-1 in neurons and astrocytes. Our studies show for the first time, that fractionation of protons cause latent damage to spinal cord architecture while fractionation of HZE (28Si) induce increase in APE1 with single dose, which then decreased with fractionation. The oligodendrocyte progenitor cells differentiation was skewed with increase in immature oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, which likely cause the observed decrease in white matter, increased neuro-inflammation, together leading to the observed significant cognitive defects.
Finite element modeling for simulating remote field flaw detection in aircraft frame (1999)

The remote field eddy current (RFEC) technique, conventionally used for inspecting ferromagnetic pipes has been adapted for the detection of defects that are located deep in thick aluminum plates. This paper presents three dimensional (3D) numerical modeling of the RFEC flaw detection in metallic plates. In the RFEC method the pickup coils are located far apart which leads to a large volume to be modeled. A method involving partitioning of the volume in the 3D finite element model for the RFEC detection of defects, is demonstrated.
Recherche des graphes des matrices de Coxeter hyperboliques d’ordre $\leqslant 10$ (1969)

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The concept of an automated biological protection system for agro-industrial enterprises based on new plasma-optical technologies (2022)

The analysis of the physical and biological features of the new plasma-optical technology of biocidal treatment of objects and its potential applications for solving the problems of improving the biological safety of agroindustrial enterprises is given. The technology is based on the treatment of chemically and microbiologically polluted environmental objects — water, air, surfaces — with high-intensity pulsed optical radiation of a continuous spectrum. The priority directions of development of plasma-optical equipment for the agroindustrial complex and food production are considered. A new concept of a complex automated system for ensuring biological safety of agricultural enterprises in real time is proposed.
P1‐276: An integrated mechanistic model to interrelate CSF Aβ40, Aβ42, sAPPβ and sAPPα response to β‐ and γ‐secretase inhibitors in rhesus monkey (2012)

Biomarker response in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is commonly used to assess response to inhibitors of brain amyloid protein (Aβ) production acting on either the β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase (GS) cleavage steps. Biomarkers of interest include CSF Aβ40, Aβ42, soluble amyloid protein precursor beta (sAPPβ), and sAPPα. The objective was to develop an integrated, mechanistic, mathematical model of the dynamics of Aβ production in brain and its disposition into CSF, which informs the inter-relationships among these responses and interpretation with respect to inhibition of brain production. Dose-ranging, biomarker and pharmacokinetic timecourse data from CSF obtained from cisterna-magna-ported rhesus monkeys receiving BACE (1 study) or GS (2 studies - J. Neuroscience 30:6743) inhibitors were used in model development. Nonlinear mixed effect modeling (NONMEM) was used to develop: separate models for each biomarker-inhibitor combination; then an integrated biomarker model with common drug effect term for BACE; and finally comprehensive model with GS incorporated. Models were qualified through robustness of parameter estimates, fitting diagnostics, and visual predictive checks. For the separate models, a similar model structure was able to account for the timecourse of data across mechanisms of action and biomarker. Similar in vivo potency estimates (EC50) for production inhibition were obtained for all 4 biomarkers, supporting integrated model development. For the BACE study, EC50 (90%CI) estimates of 25 (24.6-26.2), 46 (35-56), 49 (19-79), and 27 (14-40) nM were obtained for Aβ40, Aβ42, sAPPβ, and sAPPα, respectively. In the integrated model, the EC50 estimate was 40 (27-53) nM. Through simultaneous fitting of both BACE- and GS datasets, the rate of the β-cleavage step was estimated. It was not possible to separately estimate the rate of the γ-cleavage step from transport rate from brain-to-CSF. All four biomarker cleavage products of APP measured following BACE and GS inhibition are well represented by an integrated model incorporating mechanism of action and the pathway processes illustrated in Fig. 1. These biomarkers provide consistent information regarding drug potency. This integrated modeling approach is expected to enhance decision making in discovery research.
A navigation of mobile robots with collision avoidance for moving obstacles (2003)

This paper presents a collision avoidance technique of mobile robots for moving obstacles in unknown environments. The cooperative collision avoidance technique which had been proposed for collision avoidance between multiple mobile robots is modified and is extended to the moving obstacles case. Collision avoidance conditions for two typical aspects under which the robot encounters a moving obstacle are derived and are used as a guideline for designing the navigation parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed technique was demonstrated by numerical simulation examples.
Microarchitecture of HaL's CPU (2002)

The HaL PM1 CPU is the first implementation of the 64-bit SPARC Version 9 instruction set architecture. The processor utilizes superscalar instruction issue, register renaming, and a dataflow model of execution. Instructions can complete out-of-order and are later committed in order. The PM1 CPU maintains precise state. The processor has a higher level of reliability than is currently available in desktop computers for the commercial marketplace.
Subcellular distribution of superoxide dismutases in human neutrophils. Influence of myeloperoxidase on the measurement of superoxide dismutase activity (1977)

We have identified two distinct pools of superoxide dismutase in fractions of human peripheral neutrophils obtained by the isopycnic fractionation of homogenates of the latter with linear sucrose gradients. Superoxide dismutase activity, observed with polyacrylamide gels impregnated with Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, was present in: (1) the mitochondrial fraction [density (rho) 1.169g/ml], containing the high-molecular-weight KCN-resistant enzyme, and (2) the cytoplasm fraction, containing the low-molecular-weight KCN-sensitive enzyme. Superoxide dismutase activity, observed with a quantitative assay involving cytochrome c, was present in: (1) the mitochondria, (2) the cytoplasm, and (3) the azurophil-granule fractions (rho=1.206 and 1.222g/ml). No substantial enzyme activity was observed in specific-granule fractions (rho=1.187g/ml) or in the membranous fraction (rho=1.136g/ml) in either assay. The apparent superoxide dismutase activity observed in the azurophil granules with the cytochrome c assay was attributable not to true superoxide dismutase but to myeloperoxidase, an enzyme found solely in the azurophil granules. In the presence of H(2)O(2), human neutrophil myeloperoxidase oxidized ferrocytochrome c. Thus, in the cytochrome c assay for superoxide dismutase, the oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by myeloperoxidase mimicked the inhibition of reduction of ferricytochrome c by superoxide dismutase. When myeloperoxidase was removed from azurophilgranule fractions by specific immuno-affinity chromatography, both myeloperoxidase and apparent superoxide dismutase activities were removed. It is concluded that there is no detectable superoxide dismutase in either the azurophil or specific granules of human neutrophils. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, 15% of the total dismutase activity of the cells, occurred only in fractions of density 1.160g/ml, where isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase were also observed.
Central projections of the chorda tympani nerve in the mallard, Anas platyrhynchos L (1976)

The central projections of the chorda tympani nerve in the duck were studied by means of the Fink-Heimer technique. Following section of the VIIth nerve proximal to the geniculate ganglion terminal projections of the CT are found in the sensory nucleus N VII (sVIId) on the dorsum of the descending trigeminal root, the n. presulcalis anterior solitarii, the n. sulcalis anterior solitarii p. dorsalis and p. ventralis, and the n. ventrolateralis anterior solitarii (Vla). Small quantities of terminal degeneration are also found in the n. intermedius anterior and the lateral substantia gelatinosa of the solitary complex. A number of fibers decussate to terminate contralaterally in corresponding portions of the opposite solitary complex. Comparison with data of the pigeon reveals a limited overlap of projections of the chorda tympani nerve and of the nodose ganglion, respectively, in the dorsal and ventral parts of the n. sulcalis anterior. We suggest that the regions sVIId and Vla alone may convey gustatory information.
OPTIMIZATION OF LIGHTING SPECTRUM FOR PHOTOSYNTHETIC SYSTEM AND PRODUCTIVITY OF LETTUCE BY USING LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (2006)

Impact of controlled illumination spectrum on photosynthetic system and productivity of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand Rapids) grown in phytotron was investigated. The variable-spectrum lighting modules were designed using four types of high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with emission peaked in red at the wavelengths of 660 nm and 640 nm, in blue at 455 nm, and in far-red at 735 nm. Biometric characteristics, pigments content and photosynthesis intensity in lettuce grown under eight different light irradiance were measured and compared. A corresponding experiment under a conventional high-pressure sodium lamp was also performed for reference. The treatments were carried out under photoperiod of 14 h and 21/15˚C (day/night) temperature. Lettuce was grown for 29 days after sowing in a phytotron chamber. Stomata size of lettuce grown under LED was larger than that of the plants growing under high-pressure sodium lamp. The lowest number and largest size of stomata were observed under light without the red component, peaked at 660 nm. Elimination of the blue component (455 nm) resulted in an enhancement of fresh mass production and increased leaf area, but the photosynthetic productivity did not show similar effect. The chlorophylls content in lettuce leaves was high during the entire growth period, but strongly decreased at the end of the treatment without blue light. The photosynthesis in lettuce leaves was most intensive under irradiance without the far-red component (735 nm). We conclude that productivity of lettuce can be optimized by adjusting the light spectrum and flux density.
Effect of dehydration on hypothalamic control of evaporation in the cat. (1982)

1. Cats were surgically prepared with intracranial thermodes for heating of the hypothalamic thermosensitive area or with venous cannulae for measurement of blood volume and plasma osmolality. They were kept in an environmental chamber in which the ambient temperature was cycled between 25 and 38 degrees C on an 18:6 hr diurnal schedule. 2. Measurements of blood volume and plasma osmolality and of the evaporative response to hypothalamic heating were made during the 38 degrees C phase of the diurnal temperature cycle in animals when they were hydrated ad lib and in the same animals after 72--96 hr of water deprivation. 3. Water deprivation produced a loss of 10% of the body weight, a significant rise in plasma osmolality and a significant fall in blood volume. 4. Hypothalamic heating in hydrated animals generated a highly significant, positive, linear relationship between hypothalamic temperature and evaporative heat loss in every case. 5. In dehydrated animals, the evaporative response to hypothalamic heating was reduced. Rates of evaporation at a given hypothalamic temperature were lower and the slopes of the lines relating evaporative heat loss to hypothalamic temperature were significantly reduced. 6. It is concluded that dehydration reduces the thermal responsiveness of central neural structures controlling evaporation in the cat.
Multicenter Evaluation of the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube for Testing Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to First-Line Drugs (1999)

In a multicenter study involving three reference centers for mycobacteria, the reliability of the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was evaluated and compared to the radiometric method (BACTEC 460TB). Test cultures for which the results of the MGIT and BACTEC 460TB tests were discordant were checked by the conventional proportion method on solid medium. Four hundred forty-one isolates have been tested for susceptibility to isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RMP), ethambutol (EMB), and streptomycin (SM). Discrepant results were obtained for three isolates (0.7%) with INH (susceptible by MGIT, resistant by BACTEC 460TB), for four isolates (0.9%) with RMP (susceptible by MGIT, resistant by BACTEC 460TB), for six isolates (1.9%) with EMB (four susceptible by MGIT, resistant by BACTEC 460TB; two resistant by MGIT, susceptible by BACTEC 460TB), and for four isolates (0.9%) with SM (two susceptible by MGIT, resistant by BACTEC 460TB; two resistant by MGIT, susceptible by BACTEC 460TB). When cultures with discordant results were tested by the conventional proportion method, about half of the cultures yielded results similar to the BACTEC 460TB results, while the other half yielded results similar to the MGIT results. Turnaround times were 3 to 14 days (median, 8.8 days) for MGIT and 3 to 15 days (median, 7.8 days) for BACTEC 460TB. There was no statistically significant difference between the susceptibility testing results of the two methods (P > 0.05). These data demonstrate that the MGIT system is an accurate, nonradiometric alternative to the BACTEC 460TB method for rapid susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis.
Gizzard ulceration in chicks fed cysteamine alone or in combination with a histamine H2‐receptor antagonist (1988)

A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of cysteamine-HCl administration on gizzard ulceration and growth performance in broiler chicks. The effectiveness of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, SKF 93479, in preventing gizzard ulcerations when given in combination with cysteamine-HCl was also examined. In the initial experiment cysteamine-HCl at the level of 2400 mg/kg of the diet caused severe gizzard ulceration and mortality and decreased feed intake and growth in chicks. The effect was not seen when cysteamine-HCl was administered at 600 or 1200 mg/kg of the diet. In Experiment 2 broiler chicks administered cysteamine-HCl at 1800 mg/kg of the diet had an increased incidence of gizzard ulceration and decreased growth performance. The severity of gizzard lesions and the depression of growth performance were not as great as in the group in Experiment 1 which received the 2400 mg/kg level of cysteamine-HCl. Addition of the H2 antagonist SKF 93479 at 54 mg/kg of the diet had no effect on improving gizzard ulcer score or growth performance in chicks which received cysteamine-HCl at the 1800 mg/kg of the diet level. From these data it appears that the administration of ulcerogenic levels of cysteamine-HCl in the chicken may involve a more complex pathogenesis in which factors other than acid hypersecretion are involved.
Self: The power of simplicity (1987)

Self is a new object-oriented language for exploratory programming based on a small number of simple and concrete ideas: prototypes, slots, and behavior. Prototypes combine inheritance and instantiation to provide a framework that is simpler and more flexible than most object-oriented languages. Slots unite variables and procedures into a single construct. This permits the inheritance hierarchy to take over the function of lexical scoping in conventional languages. Finally, because Self does not distinguish state from behavior, it narrows the gaps between ordinary objects, procedures, and closures. Self's simplicity and expressiveness offer new insights into object-oriented computation.
Foreword: The Distinguished Life & Work of the Honorable John E. Simonett (2013)

There is no journey, no business however voluminous or difficult, that can take the book out of [his] hand; and yet it would be hard to find anyone who was more truly a man for all seasons and all men, who was more ready to oblige, more easily available for meeting, more lively in conversation, or who combined so much real wisdom with such charm of character.
On the Behavior of α,β-Unsaturated Thioaldehydes and Thioketones in the Diels−Alder Reaction (2000)

Alpha,beta-unsaturated thioaldehydes and thioketones, R1CH=CH-C(=S)R2, are prepared in situ by the reaction between the corresponding carbonyl compounds and bis(dimethylaluminum) sulfide. These compounds undergo [4 + 2] self-dimerization reactions in which one molecule serves as the heterodiene component and the other as the dienophile to afford different types of dimeric products depending on the R1 and R2: 1,2-dithiin and 1,3-dithiin (R1 = R2 = H), 1,2-dithiin (R1 = Ph, R2 = H, CH3), or dihydrothiopyran (R1 = R2 = Ph). These differences in selectivity are explained on the basis of the relative energies evaluated by molecular orbital (MO) calculations at the DFT (density functional theory) level. The calculations show that in the dimerization reaction of thioacrolein (I), the head-to-tail (S-C-S bonded) dimers are kinetically more stable by about 5 kcal/mol but slightly thermodynamically unstable by about 2 kcal/mol than the head-to-head (S-S bonded) dimers. The calculations on thiocinnamaldehyde (IV) indicate that the dimerization reactions of phenyl-substituted alpha,beta-unsaturated thioaldehydes and thioketones are almost equally controlled by thermodynamic and kinetic factors. These unsaturated thiocarbonyl compounds also function as heterodienes (C=C-C=S) in the cycloaddition reaction with norbornadiene and as dienophiles (C=S) in the reaction with cyclopentadiene.
Unified Analysis of Ellipsometry Errors Due to Imperfect Components, Cell-Window Birefringence, and Incorrect Azimuth Angles* (1971)

Coupling constants are introduced that determine the extent to which a component imperfection, window birefringence, or azimuth-angle error couple to cause an error of the specimen reflectance ratio. A unified scheme for treating these sources of error is presented. By expressing the coupling constants as functions of the nulling angles, any of the nulling methods can be considered. Results are presented for the compensator at ±π/4 and nulling by the polarizer and analyzer, which show the contributions of the different sources of error to ψ and Δ in the four ellipsometry zones. The limitations of one- and two-zone measurements are discussed. A procedure is described and demonstrated experimentally for determining the quantities characterizing the different sources of error in the ellipsometer. These results can be used in correcting data from one-, two-, or four-zone measurements.
A Tunable Polymer–Metal Based Anti‐Reflective Metasurface (2019)

Anti-reflective surfaces are of great interest for optical devices, sensing, photovoltaics, and photocatalysis. However, most of the anti-reflective surfaces lack in situ tunability of the extinction with respect to wavelength. This communication demonstrates a tunable anti-reflective surface based on colloidal particles comprising a metal core with an electrochromic polymer shell. Random deposition of these particles on a reflective surface results in a decrease in the reflectance of up to 99.8% at the localized surface plasmon resonance frequency. This narrow band feature can be tuned by varying the pH or by application of an electric potential, resulting in wavelength shifts of up to 30 nm. Electrophoretic particle deposition is shown to be an efficient method for controlling the interparticle distance and thereby further optimizing the overall efficiency of the anti-reflective metasurface.
Ratings for Popular Movies in Brazil and their Implications for Youth Tobacco Smoking A Classificação Indicativa de Filmes de Popularidade nos Cinemas Brasileiros e sua Implicação para o Tabagismo entre Jovens La Clasificación de las Películas Más Taquilladas en Brasil y su implicación en el Tabaquismo entre Jóvenes (2011)

Introduction: The majority of smokers begin using tobacco products before the age of 18. intense exposure to images of
Du Bellay and Hellenic Poetry a Cursory Review (1945)

II Allusions to, and imitations of, the non-lyric poets of greece Numerous allusions to Homer and to the other non-lyric poets of Hellas are to be found throughout the works of Du Bellay.