gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generating Easy-to-Understand Referring Expressions for Target Identifications (2019)

This paper addresses the generation of referring expressions that not only refer to objects correctly but also let humans find them quickly. As a target becomes relatively less salient, identifying referred objects itself becomes more difficult. However, the existing studies regarded all sentences that refer to objects correctly as equally good, ignoring whether they are easily understood by humans. If the target is not salient, humans utilize relationships with the salient contexts around it to help listeners to comprehend it better. To derive this information from human annotations, our model is designed to extract information from the target and from the environment. Moreover, we regard that sentences that are easily understood are those that are comprehended correctly and quickly by humans. We optimized this by using the time required to locate the referred objects by humans and their accuracies. To evaluate our system, we created a new referring expression dataset whose images were acquired from Grand Theft Auto V (GTA V), limiting targets to persons. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach. Our code and dataset are available at https://github.com/mikittt/easy-to-understand-REG.
CD3+ T cells are critical for the resolution of comorbid inflammatory pain and depression-like behavior (2020)

Chronic pain and depression are frequently associated with signs of inflammation. However, general immunosuppression is not sufficient to resolve comorbid pain and depression. Here we demonstrate that T cells are required for resolution of comorbid persistent mechanical allodynia, spontaneous pain, and depression in a model of peripheral inflammation, indicating the immune system can contribute to both onset and resolution of these comorbidities. Enhancing pro-resolution effects of T cells may have a major impact to treat patients with comorbid persistent pain and depression.
Deformable boundary detection of stents in angiographic images (2000)

In this paper, a procedure is described for deformable boundary detection of medical tools, called stents, in angiographic images. A stent is a surgical stainless steel coil that is placed in the artery in order to improve blood circulation in regions where a stenosis has appeared. Assuming initially a set of three-dimensional (3-D) models of stents and using perspective projection of various deformations of the 3-D model of the stent, a large set of synthetic two-dimensional (2-D) images of stents is constructed. These synthetic images are then used as a training set for deriving a multivariate Gaussian density estimate based on eigenspace decomposition and formulating a maximum-likelihood estimation framework in order to reach an initial rough estimate for automatic object recognition. The silhouette of the detected stent is then refined by using a 2-D active contour (snake) algorithm integrated with a novel iterative initialization technique, which takes into consideration the geometry of the stent. The algorithm is experimentally evaluated using real angiographic images containing stents.
IMMU-22. EARLY RELEASE OF TYPE I INTERFERON DRIVES BRAIN CANCER IMMUNOGENICITY AND RESPONSE TO IMMUNOTHERAPY (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND Molecular drivers of cancer immunogenicity in brain tumors are still being unraveled. While BATF3 expression, STING, and interferon response factors (IRFs) are necessary for cancer immunogenicity, the presence of type I interferon (IFN-I) is contextual having been reported to elicit both anti-tumoral and pro-tumoral effects. A better understanding of IFN-I signaling mechanisms is necessary to elucidate drivers of brain cancer immunogenicity and resistance. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the role of IFN-I signaling in brain tumor immunogenicity and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in ICI sensitive brain tumor models (i.e. GL261). We then sought to develop strategies to reset IFN-I signaling in ICI resistant brain tumor models (i.e. KR158b). METHODS To reset IFN-I signaling in immunologically ‘cold’ tumors unresponsive to ICIs, we developed lipid-nanoparticles (NPs) to deliver mRNA payloads to the brain tumor microenvironment (TME). RESULTS In immune-sensitive GL261 tumors, we showed that early release of IFN-I unlocks cancer immunogenicity and ICI response. Blockade of IFN-I during tumorigenesis (within 24h, but not days later) increases tumorigenicity and abrogates ICI activity in sensitive tumors. In ICI resistant KR158b tumors, we show that systemic administration of tumor-derived RNA-NPs localize to myeloid cells within the TME for simultaneous activation of multiple innate pathways including BATF3 (necessary for effector DCs), IRF5 (necessary for M2 to M1 macrophage reprograming), and IRF7 (necessary for IFN-I production). These RNA-NPs induce near-immediate release of IFN-I (within hours), reprogram the brain TME in an IFNAR1 (IFN-I receptor) dependent manner, and elicit significant anti-KR158b efficacy as a monotherapy. Following IFNAR1 blockade, RNA-NP mediated anti-tumor efficacy was abrogated. We demonstrated safety of tumor-specific RNA-NPs (derived from KR158b) in acute/chronic GLP toxicity studies without normal-brain cross-reactivity, and confirmed feasibility/safety and immunologic activity in large-animal studies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We have since received FDA-IND approval for first-in-human trials (IND#BB-19304) in glioblastoma patients.
Prediction of circRNAs Based on the DNA Methylation-Mediated Feature Sponge Function in Breast Cancer (2019)

Several studies have found that DNA methylation is associated with transcriptional regulation and affect sponge regulation of non-coding RNAs in cancer. The integration of circRNA, miRNA, DNA methylation and gene expression data to identify sponge circRNAs is important for revealing the role of DNA methylation-mediated regulation of sponge circRNAs in cancer progression. We established a DNA methylation-mediated circRNA crosstalk network by integrating gene expression, DNA methylation and non-coding RNA data of breast cancer in TCGA. Four modules (26 candidate circRNAs) were mined. Next, 10 DNA methylation-mediated sponge circRNAs (sp_circRNAs) and five sponge driver genes (sp_driver genes) in breast cancer were identified in the CMD network using a computational process. Among the identified genes, <i>ERBB2</i> was associated with six sponge circRNAs, which illustrates its better sponge regulatory function. Survival analysis showed that DNA methylations of 10 sponge circRNA host genes are potential prognostic biomarkers in the TCGA dataset (<i>p</i> = 0.0239) and GSE78754 dataset (<i>p</i> = 0.0377). In addition, the DNA methylation of two sponge circRNA host genes showed a significant negative correlation with their driver gene expressions. We developed a strategy to predict sponge circRNAs by DNA methylation mediated with playing the role of regulating breast cancer sponge driver genes.
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Increase in proteins of the alternative complement pathway (1983)

Increased activity of the complement alternative pathway proteins C3, B and H was found in the sera of 16 patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). This increased activity might depend on protein hypersynthesis secondary to in vivo low-grade complement consumption by abnormal erythrocytes in PNH patients, despite the fact that serum levels of C3d were found to be normal. B and H activities were directly related; however, the B/H ratio was higher in patients whose sera had been taken early after an episode of haemoglobinuria. Activation of the alternative pathway, which is known to result in vitro lysis of PNH erythrocytes, only accounts for part of the events leading to chronic haemolysis and haemoglobinuria in vitro.
Activation of the recombinant human alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor significantly raises intracellular free calcium. (1997)

The alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype, unlike other neuronal nicotinic receptors, exhibits a relatively high permeability to Ca++ ions. Although Ca++ entry through this receptor subtype has been implicated in various Ca(++)-dependent processes in the central nervous system, little is known about how this receptor modulates mammalian intracellular Ca++ dynamics. Intracellular Ca++ responses evoked by activation of the human alpha 7 nAChRs stably expressed in HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells were studied. Inward current and intracellular Ca++ transients were recorded simultaneously in response to a fast drug application system. Current recordings under whole-cell voltage-clamp and fast ratiometric intracellular Ca++ imaging acquisition were synchronized to drug pulses. The mean peak [Ca++]i observed with 100 microM (-)-nicotine was 356 +/- 48 nM (n = 8). The magnitude of the intracellular Ca++ elevation corresponds to a 20% fractional current carried by Ca++ ions. The EC50 of the intracellular Ca++ responses for (-)-nicotine, (+/-)-epibatidine, 1,1 dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazinium and acetylcholine were 51, 3.5, 75 and 108 microM, respectively. These EC50 values strongly correlate with those recorded for the cationic inward current through alpha 7 nAChR. alpha-Bungarotoxin, methyllcaconitine or extracellular Ca++ chelation ablated (-)-nicotine-evoked increase in intracellular Ca++ concentration. This study provides evidence that cation influx through the human alpha 7 nAChR is sufficient to mediate a significant, transient, rise in intracellular Ca++ concentration.
RIFLE CLASSIFICATION FOR PREDICTING IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN CRITICALLY ILL SEPSIS PATIENTS (2009)

Severe sepsis and septic shock, often complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI), are the most common causes of mortality in noncoronary intensive care units (ICUs). This study investigates the outcomes of critically ill patients with sepsis and elucidates the association between prognosis and risk of renal failure, injury to the kidney, failure of kidney function, loss of kidney function, and end-stage renal failure (RIFLE) classification. A total of 121 sepsis patients were admitted to ICU from June 2003 to January 2004. Forty-seven demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were prospectively recorded for post hoc analysis as predictors of survival on the first day of ICU admission. Overall in-hospital mortality rate was 47.9%. Mortality was significantly associated (chi-square for trend; P < 0.001) with RIFLE classification. Septic shock, RIFLE category, and number of organ system failures on the first day of ICU admission were independent predictors of hospital mortality according to forward conditional logistic regression. The severity of RIFLE classification correlated with organ system failure number and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II to IV and sequential organ failure assessment scores. Cumulative survival rates at 6-month follow-up after hospital discharge significantly (P < 0.05) differed between non-AKI versus RIFLE injury, non-AKI versus RIFLE failure (RIFLE-F), and RIFLE risk versus RIFLE F. At 6-month follow-up, full recovery of renal function was noted in 85% of surviving patients with AKI (RIFLE risk, RIFLE injury, and RIFLE-F). In conclusion, these findings are consistent with a role for RIFLE classification in accurately predicting in-hospital mortality and short-term prognosis in ICU sepsis patients.
Meprinα Transactivates the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) via Ligand Shedding, thereby Enhancing Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration (2012)

Meprinα, an astacin-type metalloprotease is overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells and is secreted in a non-polarized fashion, leading to the accumulation of meprinα in the tumor stroma. The transition from normal colonocytes to colorectal cancer correlates with increased meprinα activity at primary tumor sites. A role for meprinα in invasion and metastatic dissemination is supported by its pro-angiogenic and pro-migratory activity. In the present study, we provide evidence for a meprinα-mediated transactivation of the EGFR signaling pathway and suggest that this mechanism is involved in colorectal cancer progression. Using alkaline phosphatase-tagged EGFR ligands and an ELISA assay, we demonstrate that meprinα is capable of shedding epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-α (TGFα) from the plasma membrane. Shedding was abrogated using actinonin, an inhibitor for meprinα. The physiological effects of meprinα-mediated shedding of EGF and TGFα were investigated with human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). Proteolytically active meprinα leads to an increase in EGFR and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and subsequently enhances cell proliferation and migration. In conclusion, the implication of meprinα in the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway indicates a role of meprinα in colorectal cancer progression.
Numerical and experimental study of a plasma cutting torch (2001)

A low current intensity study of a cutting plasma torch is presented. The operating gas is oxygen discharging in an air environment. A two-dimensional turbulent plasma model is developed with the commercial code Fluent 4.5. An experimental and a theoretical study are presented. Two configurations were used: one where the arc is transferred to a rotating anode 19 mm away and the other in a real cutting configuration (distance nozzle exit-workpiece around a few millimetres). In the first configuration, spectroscopic measurements are made and compared with the model. The supersonic plasma behaviour is shown with a Mach number of 1.5 at the nozzle exit. The turbulent effect on the mass fraction field is presented. It concerns the effects of turbulence on the presence of oxygen near the plate, and by a comparison of theoretical and experimental temperatures we conclude that the arc presents turbulent behaviour. In the second configuration, a power balance of the cutting process is presented above and in the thickness of the plate. The model shows that the most important contribution to the fusion process is due to convection, conduction and radiation terms.
Joyce Carol Oates: Writer, Colleague, Friend (2006)

Joyce Carol Oates is someone I have known as a writer, a colleague, and a friend. As a friend, she is attentive and loving, though she's not above a bit of light teasing. She's always teasing me about having known so many people and lived in so many places, whereas she likes to present herself as the quiet stay-at-home; yet like many of the myths enshrined by friendship this one is scarcely true. Joyce is the one who is always running out the door to Normal, Illinois or some other farfetched place-in some weeks she gives readings and attends conferences or picks up prizes in three or four different towns in America. And then she still has the energy to teach two seminars, direct two theses, and write a long review for the New York Review or a story for Granta. Since I've known her, I've stepped up my own production to almost a book a year, but I still feel like a lazy boy next to Joyce. She is a thoughtful, thoroughly professional colleague who never shirks a meeting or gives short shrift to her teaching. Whereas I've taught in other universities where I felt almost invisible, Joyce turned Princeton into a welcoming haven for me from the first day I started here six years ago. She is never too busy to attend readings or dinners for visiting writers. Of course her genius as a writer is one of the chief ornaments of this campus, which she has graced since 1978. She has a clear, well-stocked, and beautifully organized mind. She is interested in all the arts and sometimes seems to know everything. She plays the piano and talks knowledgeably about music. She is an art collector and visits many exhibitions every year. She is an accomplished poet and reads poetry with a close eye-her introduction to The Essential Dickinson is indispensable. She's precise but never pedantic, droll but never cruel, serious but also light hearted. She knows all about boxing and has written a fascinating book about
Reaktionen mit Cyclobutendionen, XXIX1) Über Struktur und Reaktionen von Phenylcyclobutendion‐Enamin‐1:1‐Addukten (1972)

Abstract Phenylcyclobutendion ( 1 ) reagiert mit Enaminen zu substituierten 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxo‐7‐phenyl‐3‐aza‐bicyclo[4.1.0]hept‐4‐enen unterschiedlicher Konfigurationen, die durch 1 H‐NMR‐Spektren festgestellt werden. Diese Phenylcyclobutendion‐Enamin‐1:1‐Addukte liefern bei verschiedenartigen Reaktionen 2‐Pyridone.
Locating Features with a Camera in Hand (2005)

This paper presents a procedure to obtain the 3D localization of straight edges from images taken by a camera-in-hand of a robot. Although location of polyhedral objects can be obtained from points, there are some advantages when using edges. We present two methods to compute the localization of edges, directly using the information of their projections in the image. One of them requires the identification of a tip and five degrees of freedom of the object are determined. The other do not require point identification, but only four degrees of freedom are obtained.
RGB Color Model Based the Fire Detection Algorithm in Video Sequences on Wireless Sensor Network (2014)

Since the fire causes serious disasters, fire detection has been an important study to protect human life. Based on the deficiencies of existing fire detection on real-time and monitoring accuracy, the wireless sensor network technique for fire detection was introduced and needed. In this paper, we proposed the fire detection algorithm in video sequences on wireless sensor network. The proposed fire detection algorithm processes visual information acquired through static camera that lets us incorporate the algorithm to CCTV surveillance system, and therefore does not require an additional expanses on conventional fire sensors. Fire detection method based on motion information, any input image, is compared to background in order to identify foreground. Background is statistically modeled by mixture of Gaussians. To detect the foreground of video sequences, the proposed color detection algorithm was performed in RGB space. The procedure of algorithm eliminates all objects that do not fulfill color requirements without fire-like objects. And the change map and blob's area are computed, change map shows temporal variation of pixel between two consecutive binary frames, and percentage area increase or decrease characterizes a fire property for swinging.
Effect of Pre-Treatment on the Oxidation Rate Steel in the Lead-Bismuth Coolant (2012)

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ СТАЛИ НА СКОРОСТЬ ОКИСЛЕНИЯ В СВИНЦОВО-ВИСМУТОВОМ ТЕПЛОНОСИТЕЛЕП.Н
Absorption of Lawsone Through Human Skin (2007)

Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) is the principal color ingredient in henna, a color additive approved with limitations for coloring hair by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under 21 CFR 73.2190. In 2002, the scientific committee on cosmetics and non-food products (SCCNFP), now known as the scientific committee for consumer products (SCCP), evaluated the safety of lawsone as a coloring agent in hair dye products of the European Union (EU). The SCCNFP concluded that lawsone was mutagenic and not suitable for use as a hair coloring agent. As a result, studies were conducted to measure the extent of lawsone absorption through human skin. Lawsone skin absorption was determined from two hair coloring products and two shampoo products, all containing henna. [14C]-Lawsone (sp. act. 22.9 mCi/mmol) was added to each commercial product and the products were applied to dermatomed, nonviable human skin mounted in flow-through diffusion cells perfused with a physiological buffer (HEPES-buffered Hanks' balanced salt solution, pH 7.4). Products remained on the skin for 5 minutes (shampoos) and 1 hour (hair color paste). For the henna hair paste products, 0.3 and 1.3% of the applied dose was absorbed into the receptor fluid in 24 hours while 2.2 and 4.0% remained in the skin. For both henna shampoo products, 0.3% of the applied dose was absorbed into the receptor fluid at 24 hours while 3.6 and 6.8% remained in the skin. For all products, most of the lawsone applied was washed from the surface of the skin (83–102%) at the end of the exposure period. Extended absorption studies were conducted for 72 hours to determine if skin levels of lawsone in the 24 hour studies might eventually be percutaneously absorbed. These studies determined that the majority of the lawsone remained in the skin with only a small but significant increase (for three out of four products) in receptor fluid values. Therefore, it appears that receptor fluid values would give a good estimate of lawsone absorption for an exposure estimate and that skin levels of lawsone need not be included.
PRSS1 copy number variants and promoter polymorphisms in pancreatitis: common pathogenetic mechanism, different genetic effects (2017)

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Model and Temperature Measurement of Dye-Diffusion Thermal-Transfer Media Scanning Past a Resistive Printhead (2006)

A finite-difference model simulates temperature distributions in two blocks of materials with one block moving with respect to the other block and with a sliding contact region between these blocks. Two different methods of imposing motion with SINDA finite-differenceequation solvers are investigated: SEVER sequentially connects and disconnects different thermal conductors between the two blocks to constitute the sliding contact; SHUTTLE simply marches the temperature profile through the nodes in the moving block at the rate corresponding to the relative speed of the blocks. The SHUTTLE method with integer steps offers the advantage of observing the hottest region in the vicinity of the imaging resistors and the peak temperature at the donor-receiver interface for an arbitrarily long time. Predicted temperatures are confirmed by a 180&#xB0;C peak temperature experimentally observed at the interface of a 6-&#x3BC;m-thick donor with a paper-backed receiver using the thermal coefficient of electrical resistance (TCR) for a 100-&#x3BC;m-wide silver line deposited on that receiver.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Visualizing the Dynamics of EGFR Activity and Antiglioma Therapies <i>In vivo</i> (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Visualizing the Dynamics of EGFR Activity and Antiglioma Therapies &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;
Association of Serum Lipid Level with Meibum Biosynthesis and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Review (2022)

The primary role of meibomian glands (MGs) is to actively synthesize and secret lipids and proteins spread onto the tear film, and the glandular lipids promote tear stability, prevent evaporation, and reduce friction. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the leading cause of dry eye disease and one of the most common ophthalmic problems worldwide. MGs are densely innervated and regulated by hormones and growth factors. However, since the polar and nonpolar lipids are produced through processes in MGs that are not completely understood, a relevant question has been raised: Would the altered systemic lipids metabolism affect the physiology and structure of MGs? This review introduces the recent update regarding the relationships between serum lipid and MGD in clinical and basic research while providing answers to this question. A causal relationship remains to be established; however, serum lipid level or dyslipidemia may be related to MGD directly or indirectly, or both. Further studies are warranted to establish the role of serum lipid level and meibocyte differentiation/maturation and lipid synthesis.