gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for the assessment of valvular regurgitation. Part 2: mitral and tricuspid regurgitation (native valve disease) (2010)

Mitral and tricuspid are increasingly prevalent. Doppler echocardiography not only detects the presence of regurgitation but also permits to understand mechanisms of regurgitation, quantification of its severity and repercussions. The present document aims to provide standards for the assessment of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation.
Advanced Coolant Enclosure Solutions for Micro Gas Cooled Reactors with Enhanced Efficiency and Safety (2022)

Argonne’s advanced high-pressure, high-temperature gas enclosures solutions were developed and tested for Light Water Reactor (LWR) fuel applications wherein pressure, temperature, fuel and working fluid are substantially different when compared to the operating conditions typical of gas cooled reactors (GCR). For LWR applications the coolant sleeve pressure exerted on the inner and outer walls of the sleeve may be equalized by pressurizing the fuel rod (e.g., with helium gas) to compensate for the coolant high pressure exerted on the outer walls of the sleeve. This results in a lower differential pressure. Micro-GCRs are reactor systems operated at elevated temperatures and pressure with gas as a working fluid. HolosGen’s Holos-Quad represent a type of Micro-GCR wherein the core is sleeved to segregate the fuel and other components from the working fluid.
Novel InN growth method under In‐rich condition on GaN/Al2O3 (0001) templates (2009)

Abstract A novel technique is proposed for the growth of an InN film on a GaN/Al 2 O 3 (0001) template by radio‐frequency plasma‐excited molecular beam epitaxy (RF‐MBE). The method involves 1) InN growth under an In‐rich condition and 2) additional nitrogen radical irradiation after the InN growth under an In‐rich condition. Excess In that appeared on the InN surface in the InN growth under an In‐rich condition is transformed to InN by the additional nitrogen radical irradiation. The effective V/III ratio is easily controlled by monitoring the intensity in a reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED) pattern. The growth of the InN film by repeating the InN growth under an In‐rich condition and the additional nitrogen radical irradiation is also demonstrated. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Human Telomerase Inhibition by Regioisomeric Disubstituted Amidoanthracene-9,10-diones (1998)

Telomerase is an attractive target for the design of new anticancer drugs. We have previously described a series of 1,4- and 2, 6-difunctionalized amidoanthracene-9,10-diones that inhibit human telomerase via stabilization of telomeric G-quadruplex structures. The present study details the preparation of three further, distinct series of regioisomeric difunctionalized amidoanthracene-9,10-diones substituted at the 1,5-, 1,8-, and 2,7-positions, respectively. Their in vitro cytotoxicity and Taq DNA polymerase and human telomerase inhibition properties are reported and compared with those of their 1,4- and 2,6-isomers. Potent telomerase inhibition (telIC50 values 1.3-17.3 microM) is exhibited within each isomeric series. In addition, biophysical and molecular modeling studies have been conducted to examine binding to the target G-quadruplex structure formed by the folding of telomeric DNA. These studies indicate that the isomeric diamidoanthracene-9,10-diones bind to the human telomeric G-quadruplex structure with a stoichiometry of 1:1. Plausible G-quadruplex-ligand complexes have been identified for each isomeric family, with three distinct modes of intercalative binding being proposed. The exact mode of intercalative binding is dictated by the positional placement of substituent side chains. Furthermore, in contrast to previous studies directed toward triplex DNA, it is evident that stringent control over positional attachment of substituents is not a necessity for effective telomerase inhibition.
International consensus on the prevention of venous and arterial thrombotic events in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. (2021)

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of thrombotic events. Therapies for IBD have the potential to modulate this risk. The aims of this Evidence-Based Guideline were to summarize available evidence and to provide practical recommendations regarding epidemiological aspects, prevention and drug-related risks of venous and arterial thrombotic events in patients with IBD. A virtual meeting took place in May 2020 involving 14 international IBD experts and 3 thrombosis experts from 12 countries. Proposed statements were voted upon in an anonymous manner. Agreement was defined as at least 75% of participants voting as 'fully agree' or 'mostly agree' with each statement. For each statement, the level of evidence was graded according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) grading system. Consensus was reached for 19 statements. Patients with IBD harbour an increased risk of venous and arterial thrombotic events. Thromboprophylaxis is indicated during hospitalization of any cause in patients with IBD. Disease activity is a modifiable risk factor in patients with IBD, and physicians should aim to achieve deep remission to reduce the risk. Exposure to steroids should be limited. Antitumour necrosis factor agents might be associated with a reduced risk of thrombotic events.
In Situ Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Correlated Spectroscopy and Imaging: A Tool for Lithium-Ion Batteries to Investigate Metallic Lithium Sub-Micrometric Structures Created by Plating and Stripping (2020)

&lt;div&gt;Monitoring the formation of dendrites or filaments of lithium is of paramount importance&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;for Li-based battery technologies, hence the intense activities in designing in situ techniques&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;to visualize their growth. Herein we report the benefit of correlating in situ electron para4 magnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and EPR imaging to analyze the morphology and&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;location of metallic lithium in a symmetric Li/LiPF6/Li electrochemical cell during polariza6 tion. We exploit the variations in shape, resonance field and amplitude of the EPR spectra&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;to follow, operando, the nucleation of sub-micrometric Li particles (narrow and symmetrical&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;signal) that conjointly occurs with the fragmentation of bulk Li on the opposite electrode&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;(asymmetrical signal). Moreover, in situ EPR correlated spectroscopy and imaging (spectral10 spatial EPR imaging) allows the identification (spectral) and localization (spatial) of the sub11 micrometric Li particles created by plating (deposition) or stripping (altered bulk Li surface).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;We finally demonstrate the possibility to visualize, via in situ EPR imaging, dendrites formed&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;through the separator in the whole cell. Such a technique could be of great help in mastering&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;the Li-electrolyte interface issues that plague the development of solid-state batteries.&lt;/div&gt;
DoD Global Information Grid Mission Assurance (2008)

The DoD’s policy, planning, and warfighting capabilities are heavily dependent on the IT foundation provided by the GIG. However, the GIG was built for business efficiency instead of mission assurance against sophisticated adversaries who have demonstrated intent and proven their ability to use cyber as a tool for espionage and the criminal theft of data. GIG mission assurance works to ensure the DoD is able to accomplish its critical missions when networks, services, or information are unavailable, degraded, or distrusted. This article explores current threats to the GIG and outlines the solutions that the DoD has developed to protect our networks. The information environment in which the DoD operates is global, mobile, and interconnected. Dependence on shared critical information infrastructures are a strategic advantage as well as a weakness. National security is challenged by sophisticated adversaries who have demonstrated intent and proven their ability to use cyber as
Threshold Voltage Instabilities of Present SiC-Power MOSFETs under Positive Bias Temperature Stress (2016)

We study the threshold voltage (V th ) instability of commercially available silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs or prototypes from four different manufacturers under positive bias temperature stress (PBTS). A positive bias near the V th causes a threshold voltage shift of 0.7 mV per decade in time per nanometer oxide thickness in the temperature range between-50 °C and 150 °C. Recovery at +5 V after a 100 s +25 V gate-pulse causes a recovery between-1.5 mV/dec/nm and-1.0 mV/dec/nm at room temperature and is decreasing with temperature. All devices show similar stress, recovery and temperature dependent behavior indicating that the observed V th instabilities are likely a fundamental physical property of the SiC-SiO 2 system caused by electron trapping in near interface traps. It is important to note that the trapping is not causing permanent damage to the interface like H-bond-breakage in silicon based devices and is nearly fully reversible via a negative gate bias.
Continuously Improving the Resource Utilization of Iterative Parallel Dataflows (2016)

Parallel dataflow systems like Apache Flink allow analysis of large datasets with iterative programs. However, allocating a cost-effective set of resources for such jobs is a difficult task as the resource utilization depends on many factors such as dataset size, key value distributions, computational complexity of programs, and the underlying hardware. What's more, some of these factors are not well known before the execution. There are, for example, often no data statistics such as key value distributions available beforehand. For this reason, we propose to improve the resource utilization at runtime using the repetitive nature of iterative dataflow programs. Based on runtime statistics gathered in previous iterations, the resource allocation is adapted dynamically at the synchronization barriers between iterations. This approach has two advantages: First, at barriers detailed statistics can be available, even for parallelly executed task pipelines. Second, at barriers dataflows can be adapted without complex handling of intermediate task state. This paper presents a prototype integrated with Apache Flink and an evaluation on a cluster with 480 cores. One experiment shows a 57% reduction of the job runtime by allocating more resources for a shorter time, another experiment a release of up to 40% surplus resources without significantly extending the job runtime.
Development and spatial organization of the air conduits in the lung of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus variant domesticus (2008)

We employed macroscopic and ultrastructural techniques as well as intratracheal casting methods to investigate the pattern of development, categories, and arrangement of the air conduits in the chicken lung. The secondary bronchi included four medioventral (MVSB), 7-10 laterodorsal (LDSB), 1-3 lateroventral (LVSB), several sacobronchi, and 20-60 posterior secondary bronchi (POSB). The latter category has not been described before and is best discerned from the internal aspect of the mesobronchus. The secondary bronchi emerged directly from the mesobronchus, except for the sacobronchi, which sprouted from the air sacs. Parabronchi from the first MVSB coursed craniodorsally and inosculated their cognates from the first two LDSB. The parabronchi from the rest of the LDSB curved dorsomedially to join those from the rest of the MVSB at the dorsal border. Sprouting, migration, and anastomoses of the paleopulmonic parabronchi resulted in two groups of these air conduits; a cranial group oriented rostrocaudally and a dorsal group oriented dorsoventrally. The neopulmonic parabronchial network formed through profuse branching and anastomoses and occupied the ventrocaudal quarter of the lung. There were no differences in the number of secondary bronchi between the left and right lungs. Notably, a combination of several visualization techniques is requisite to adequately identify and enumerate all the categories of secondary bronchi present. The 3D arrangement of the air conduits ensures a sophisticated system, suitable for efficient gas exchange. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Test facilities for future linear colliders (2002)

For many years now there has been active research around the world towards a future linear collider with an energy of about 1 TeV. This research has led to several test facilities around the world that seek to test key aspects of the various approaches. The purpose of this paper is to review the status of the test facilities. The test facilities focus on three primary areas in the linear collider: creating the low emittance beams in the injector and damping rings, accelerating the beams in the high energy linac, and focusing the beams to a small spot in the final focus. The damping ring and injection is the primary focus of the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at KEK. The accelerator technology is the primary focus of the Tesla Test Facility Linac, the S-Band Test Facility, the NLC Test Accelerator and the CLIC Test Facility. Lastly, the Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB) addresses the problems in the final focus system. We will discuss all the test facilities above except the FFTB.
Disclosure of pharmacokinetic drug results to understand nonadherence (2015)

Retrospective provision of pharmacokinetic results seemingly promoted candid discussions around nonadherence and study participation. The effect of real-time drug monitoring and feedback on adherence and accuracy of reporting should be evaluated in trials.
Infant feeding policy and practice in the presence of HIV-1 infection (1995)

Nicoll, Angus; Newell, Marie-Louise; Praag, Eric Van; de Perre, Philippe Van; Peckham, Catherine Author Information
Synergistic Efficacy of the Demethylation Agent Decitabine in Combination With the Protease Inhibitor Bortezomib for Treating Multiple Myeloma Through the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway (2019)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematopoietic malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of antibody-secreting plasma cells. Bortezomib (BZM), the first FDA-approved proteasome inhibitor, has significant antimyeloma activity and prolongs the median survival of MM patients. However, MM remains incurable predominantly due to acquired drug resistance and disease relapse. β-Catenin, a key effector protein in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, has been implicated in regulating myeloma cell sensitivity to BZM. Decitabine (DAC) is an epigenetic modulating agent that induces tumor suppressor gene reexpression based on its gene-specific DNA hypomethylation. DAC has been implicated in modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling by promoting the demethylation of the Wnt/β-catenin antagonists sFRP and DKK. In this study, we report the effects of single reagent DAC therapy and DAC combined with BZM on β-catenin accumulation, myeloma cell survival, apoptosis, and treatment sensitivity. Our study proved that DAC demethylated and induced the reexpression of the Wnt antagonists sFRP3 and DKK1. DAC also reduced GSK3β (Ser9) phosphorylation and decreased β-catenin accumulation in the nucleus, which were induced by BZM. Thus, the transcription of cyclin D1, c-Myc, and LEF/TCF was reduced, which synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced BZM-induced apoptosis, and promoted BZM-induced cell cycle arrest in myeloma cells. In summary, these results indicated that DAC could synergistically enhance myeloma cell sensitivity to BZM at least partly by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results can be used to optimize therapeutic regimens for MM.
ChemInform Abstract: Study on the Coupling Reactions of Benzylisoquinolines with Lead Tetraacetate. (1983)

Abstract Die Bleitetraacetat‐Oxidation der Benzylisochinoline (I) wird untersucht.
How to increase osmotolerance in crops (1998)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Percutaneous mitral valved stent implantation: First in vitro prototype testing (2013)

Objectives: The complete replacement of the native mitral valve by implantation of a valved stent via catheter technique in an off-pump procedure is still challenging. Though, the outcome will presumably exceed todays percutaneous repair techniques. Here, a newly developed, minimally invasive transcatheter mitral valved stent delivery system will be presented.
Lipoxin formation during human neutrophil-platelet interactions. Evidence for the transformation of leukotriene A4 by platelet 12-lipoxygenase in vitro. (1990)

Human neutrophils from peripheral blood may physically interact with platelets in several settings including hemostasis, inflammation, and a variety of vascular disorders. A role for lipoxygenase (LO)-derived products has been implicated in each of these events; therefore, we investigated the formation of lipoxins during coincubation of human neutrophils and platelets. Simultaneous addition of FMLP and thrombin to coincubations of these cells led to formation of both lipoxin A4 and lipoxin B4, which were monitored by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Neither stimulus nor cell type alone induced the formation of these products. When leukotriene A4 (LTA4), a candidate for the transmitting signal, was added to platelets, lipoxins were formed. In cell-free 100,000 g supernatants of platelet lysates, which displayed 12-LO activity, LTA4 was also transformed to lipoxins. Platelet formation of lipoxins was inhibited by the LO inhibitor esculetin and partially sensitive to chelation of Ca2+, while neither acetylsalicylic acid nor indomethacin significantly inhibited their generation. In contrast, neutrophils did not transform LTA4 to lipoxins. Cell-free 100,000 g supernatants of neutrophil lysates converted LTA4 to LTB4. These results indicate that neutrophil-platelet interactions can lead to the formation of lipoxins from endogenous sources and provide a role for platelet 12-LO in the formation of lipoxins from LTA4.
Visualizing uncertainty in multi-resolution volumetric data using marching cubes (2012)

Data sets acquired from complex scientific simulation, high precision engineering experiment and high-speed computer network have been exponentially increased, and visualization and analysis of such large-scale of data sets have been identified as a significant challenge to the visualization community. Over the past years many scientists have made attempt to address this problem by proposing various data reduction techniques. Consequently the size of data can be reduced and issues associated to the visualization can be improved (e.g. real-time interaction and visual overload). However, during the process of data reduction, the information of original data sets was approximated and potential errors were introduced. It leads to a new problem with regard to the integrity of the data and might mislead users for incorrect decision making. Therefore in this paper we aim to solve the problem by introducing three novel uncertainty visualization methods, which depict both the multi-resolution (MR) approximations of the original data set and the errors associated with each of its low resolution representations. As a result we faithfully represent the MR data sets and allow users to make suitable decisions from the visual output. We applied our techniques on a data set from medical domain to demonstrate their effectiveness and usability.
Effect of dosing frequency on ZDV prophylaxis in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. (1993)

The effect of dosing frequency on zidovudine (ZDV) prophylaxis against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection was examined in long-tailed macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The results indicate that dosing frequency is extremely important for drug efficacy. The monkeys were divided into three groups based on dosing frequencies of 6-, 8-, or 12-h intervals. All were given a total daily dose of 100 mg/kg of ZDV. The drug was administered subcutaneously starting 24 h before SIV inoculation, and treatment continued for an additional 28 days. With the total daily dose held constant, ZDV was most therapeutic when administered at 12-h intervals, less effective at 8-h intervals, and least effective at 6-h intervals. These results indicate that early ZDV treatment based on infrequent but high dosages may increase the antiretroviral effect of the drug. These findings could serve as a model for ZDV chemoprophylaxis in humans. In cases involving accidental exposure to SIV or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 or HIV-2), immediate, high-dosage therapies may be most therapeutic.
Ion-Trap Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Alveolar Breath (1992)

We describe a method for the collection and microanalysis of the volatile organic compounds in human breath. A transportable apparatus supplies subjects with purified air and samples their alveolar breath; the volatile organic compounds are captured in an adsorptive trap containing activated carbon and molecular sieve. The sample is thermally desorbed from the trap in an automated microprocessor-controlled device, concentrated by two-stage cryofocusing, and assayed by gas chromatography with ion-trap detection. Compounds are identified by reference to a computer-based library of mass spectra with subtraction of the background components present in the inspired air. We used this device to study 10 normal subjects and determined the relative abundance of the volatile organic compounds in their alveolar breath. The breath-collecting apparatus was convenient to operate and was well tolerated by human volunteers.
Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Gastric Carcinoma: A Distinct Carcinoma of Gastric Phenotype by Claudin Expression Profiling (2009)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma (GC) is a distinct subtype with characteristic clinicopathological features. To better characterize its cellular characteristics, 43 cases of EBV-associated GC, 68 cases of EBV-negative GC, and non-neoplastic gastric mucosa in adults and fetuses were examined immunohistochemically. We quantified the expression of the major tight-junction protein claudin (CLDN) -1, -3, -4, -7, and -18 together with gastric mucins (MUC5AC and MUC6), intestinal mucin (MUC2), and CD10. EBV-associated GC showed a high frequency of CLDN18 expression (84%) and a low frequency of CLDN3 expression (5%). This expression profile corresponded to that of normal gastric epithelium in adults and fetuses. Almost half of the EBV-associated GC cases demonstrated gastric mucin expression, whereas the other half lacked mucin or CD10 expression. In contrast, as demonstrated by the expression profiles of CLDN3 and CLDN18, EBV-negative GC comprised a heterogeneous group of four different CLDN phenotypes: gastric, intestinal, mixed, and an undifferentiated type with variable expression patterns of mucins. These results indicate that EBV-associated GC is considerably homogenous with regard to cellular differentiation and that it preserves well the nature of the cells of origin. EBV-associated GC may undergo distinct carcinogenic processes, which differ from those of EBV-negative GC.
Analgesic effect of intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine for postoperative laparoscopic cholecystectomy. (2002)

In this study, intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine does not show any advantage for postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Whole-genome in-silico subtractive hybridization (WISH) - using massive sequencing for the identification of unique and repetitive sex-specific sequences: the example of Schistosoma mansoni (2010)

Our genome-to-genome comparison method that we call "whole-genome in-silico subtractive hybridization" (WISH) allows for rapid identification of sequences that are specific for a certain genotype (e.g. the heterogametic sex). It can in principle be used for the detection of any sequence differences between isolates (e.g. strains, pathovars) or even closely related species.