gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CryoEM at 100 keV: a demonstration and prospects (2019)

100 kV is investigated as the operating voltage for single-particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM). Reducing the electron energy from the current standard of 300 or 200 keV offers both cost savings and potentially improved imaging. The latter follows from recent measurements of radiation damage to biological specimens by high-energy electrons, which show that at lower energies there is an increased amount of information available per unit damage. For frozen hydrated specimens around 300 Å in thickness, the predicted optimal electron energy for imaging is 100 keV. Currently available electron cryomicroscopes in the 100-120 keV range are not optimized for cryoEM as they lack both the spatially coherent illumination needed for the high defocus used in cryoEM and imaging detectors optimized for 100 keV electrons. To demonstrate the potential of imaging at 100 kV, the voltage of a standard, commercial 200 kV field-emission gun (FEG) microscope was reduced to 100 kV and a side-entry cryoholder was used. As high-efficiency, large-area cameras are not currently available for 100 keV electrons, a commercial hybrid pixel camera designed for X-ray detection was attached to the camera chamber and was used for low-dose data collection. Using this configuration, five single-particle specimens were imaged: hepatitis B virus capsid, bacterial 70S ribosome, catalase, DNA protection during starvation protein and haemoglobin, ranging in size from 4.5 MDa to 64 kDa with corresponding diameters from 320 to 72 Å. These five data sets were used to reconstruct 3D structures with resolutions between 8.4 and 3.4 Å. Based on this work, the practical advantages and current technological limitations to single-particle cryoEM at 100 keV are considered. These results are also discussed in the context of future microscope development towards the goal of rapid, simple and widely available structure determination of any purified biological specimen.
A Density-Based Cellular Automaton Model for Studying the Clustering of Noninvasive Cells (2004)

We investigated whether cluster formation by noninvasive cells can be explained by a global attractive potential. Indices quantifying the persistence of migration in experimental conditions were compared to the same indexes computed from simulations with a density-based cellular automaton. The results indicate that the attractive potential hypothesis must be rejected.
Observer Preferences and Cultural Differences in Color Reproduction of Scenic Images (2002)

Observer preferences in the color reproduction of pictorial images have been a topic of debate for many years. Through a series of psychophysical experiments we are trying to better understand the differences and trends in observer preferences for pictorial images, determine if cultural biases on preference exist, and finally generate a set of preferred color reproduced images for future experimentation and evaluation. The results yielded that statistical difference between the peaks of preference of image quality may exist between cultures, but that the cultural difference observed is most likely not of practical significance for most applications. The analysis of a second experiment yielded that the intra-observer repeatability of an observer is about half of the variation between observers. Furthermore the analysis demonstrated that preferences on images with faces have a much tighter range of preference in comparison to images without faces.
Rasch Models in Latent Classes: An Integration of Two Approaches to Item Analysis (1990)

A model is proposed that combines the theoret ical strength of the Rasch model with the heuristic power of latent class analysis. It assumes that the Rasch model holds for all persons within a latent class, but it allows for different sets of item parameters between the latent classes. An estima tion algorithm is outlined that gives conditional maximum likelihood estimates of item parameters for each class. No a priori assumption about the item order in the latent classes or the class sizes is required. Application of the model is illustrated, both for simulated data and for real data.
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins-Signaling Plays a Role in Tendon-to-Bone Healing (2007)

Further studies are needed to investigate the potential clinical application of enhancing healing and decreasing recovery time using bone morphogenetic proteins in soft tissue ligament reconstruction.
Sourcebook of Automatic Identification and Data Collection (1990)

Sourcebook of automatic identification and data collection , Sourcebook of automatic identification and data collection , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Filter Fluorometer Calibration Without the Fluorometer (2023)

We recently described a lightweight, low-power, waterproof filter fluorometer using a 180° backscatter geometry for chlorophyll-a (chl-<i>a</i>) detection. Before it was constructed it was modeled to ensure it would have satisfactory performance. This manuscript repeats the modeling process that allows the calibration slope and detection limit for a fluorescent analyte in water to be estimated from system component performance and conventional spectrofluorometry alone. These values are validated by comparison to the experimental result of calibration from the completed instrument. Our model yields a calibration slope of 8.22 mV-L/µg for dissolved chl-<i>a</i>, consistent with the experimentally measured slope of 8.21 mV-L/µg. The detection limit modeled from this slope and an estimate of the baseline noise of the instrument was 0.15 µg/L chl-<i>a</i>, while the measured detection limit using real blank samples was 0.18 µg/L, in 0.1 s differential measurements.
Supplementary Data from Color Fluorescence Ratio for Detection of Bronchial Dysplasia and Carcinoma <i>In situ</i> (2023)

Supplementary Data from Color Fluorescence Ratio for Detection of Bronchial Dysplasia and Carcinoma &lt;i&gt;In situ&lt;/i&gt;
A multimedia database management system supporting contents search in media data / [by] Vincent Y. Lum [and] Klaus Meyer-Wegener. (1989)

It is feasible now to store and manage in computers new types of data like text, images, graphics, and sound recordings. This paper claims that database management systems should be extended to organize these new types of data and to enable search based on their contents. Media objects are modelled as attributes of abstract data types. The contents is captured in terms of natural language descriptions and is translated by a parser into predicates for easy matching with query phrases. The implications of this approach are discussed: data organization for multimedia including contents representation, the dictionary used by the parser to recognize words and assign predicates, rules to utilize semantic relationships in the query evaluation, and access paths to speed up the search for the descriptions. The result is an architecture for multimedia database management systems that combines the additional components needed with the conventional data management and identifies their ways of interaction. Three types of user interfaces are offered that require different levels of skill. The architecture is modular and allows to integrate more advanced AI techniques once they become available. Klaus Meyer-Wegener's permanent address is: Universiiaet Kaiserslautem, Fachbereich Informatik, Postfach 30 49, 6750 Kaiserslautem, West Germany, e-mail: meyerweg@uklirb.uucp. Direct Funding (with external sponsor)
Synthesis and in vitro nematicidal activity of new chalcones vectorised by imidazopyridine (2011)

A series of 3-(3-Arylpropenoyl)imidazopyridine (5a to z) was synthesized by crotonization reaction of 2-methyl-3-acetylimidazopyridine with arylaldehyde derivatives. Structuraldetermination of these new chalcones was done by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR),13C NMR and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectroscopy. All compounds have beenevaluated in vitro for their anthelmintic activities against Haemonchus contortus. Compounds5n, 5s, 5t and 5w showed a great nematicidal activity (LC100) ranging between 0.0005 and0.002 µg/ml. The activity of these four chalcones was equivalent to that of fenbendazole andivermectin which were reference anthelmintic drugs. This study has shown that imidazopyridine-chalcone derivatives are promising candidates for the development of new anthelmintic agents.

	 

	Key words: Haemonchus contortus, imidazopyridine, chalcone, nematicidal activity.
Recent developments in the molecular modeling of diffusion in nanoporous materials (2007)

Abstract Molecular modeling has become a useful and widely used tool to predict diffusion coefficients of molecules adsorbed in the pores of zeolites and other nanoporous materials. These simulations also provide detailed, molecular-level information about sorbate structure, dynamics, and diffusion mechanisms. We review recent advances in this field, including prediction of various transport coefficients (Fickian, Onsager, Maxwell–Stefan) for single-component and multicomponent systems from equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, elucidation of anomalous diffusion effects induced by the confining pore structure, and prediction of slow diffusion processes beyond the reach of MD simulations. Keywords: Molecular modelingNanoporous materialsDiffusionZeolitesMetal-organic frameworks Acknowledgements This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation (CTS-0302428 and CTS-0507013). We thank R. Krishna for valuable suggestions and comments on the manuscript and D. S. Sholl for providing the data of figure 14.
Differential T cell receptor photoaffinity labeling among H-2Kd restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones specific for a photoreactive peptide derivative. Labeling of the alpha-chain correlates with J alpha segment usage. (1993)

Using a direct binding assay based on photoaffinity labeling, we studied the interaction of T cell receptor (TCR) with a Kd-bound photoreactive peptide derivative on living cells. The Kd-restricted Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite (PbCS) peptide 253-260 (YIPSAEKI) was reacted NH2-terminally with biotin and at the TCR contact residue Lys259 with photoreactive iodo, 4-azido salicylic acid (IASA) to make biotin-YIPSAEK(IASA)I. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones derived from mice immunized with this derivative recognized this conjugate, but not a related one lacking the IASA group nor the parental PbCS peptide. The clones were Kd restricted. Recognition experiments with variant conjugates, lacking substituents from IASA, revealed a diverse fine specificity pattern and indicated that this group interacted directly with the TCR. The TCR of four clones could be photoaffinity labeled by biotin-YIPSAEK(125IASA)I. This labeling was dependent on the conjugates binding to the Kd molecule and was selective for the TCR alpha (2 clones) or beta chain (1 clone), or was common for both chains (1 clone). TCR sequence analysis showed a preferential usage of J alpha TA28 containing alpha chains that were paired with V beta 1 expressing beta chains. The TCR that were photoaffinity labeled at the alpha chain expressed these J alpha and V beta segments. The tryptophan encoded by the J alpha TA28 segment is rarely found in other J alpha segments. Moreover, we show that the IASA group interacts preferentially with tryptophan in aqueous solution. We thus propose that for these CTL clones, labeling of the alpha chain occurs via the J alpha-encoded tryptophan residue.
Isotope Effects, Dynamic Matching, and Solvent Dynamics in a Wittig Reaction. Betaines as Bypassed Intermediates (2014)

The mechanism of the Wittig reaction of anisaldehyde with a stabilized ylide was studied by a combination of (13)C kinetic isotope effects, conventional calculations, and molecular dynamics calculations in a cluster of 53 THF molecules. The isotope effects support a cycloaddition mechanism involving two sequential transition states associated with separate C-C and P-O bond formations. However, the betaine structure in between the two transition states is bypassed as an equilibrated intermediate in most trajectories. The role of the dynamics of solvent equilibration in the nature of mechanistic intermediates is discussed.
Dielectric Performance of Transformer Liquids–Summary of a CIGRE Study (2023)

This article reviews the functional requirements, dielectric performance, and test standards of insulating liquids from a transformer design perspective.
Structural identification of the pathway of long-range communication in an allosteric enzyme (2008)

Allostery is a common mechanism of regulation of enzyme activity and specificity, and its signatures are readily identified from functional studies. For many allosteric systems, structural evidence exists of long-range communication among protein domains, but rarely has this communication been traced to a detailed pathway. The thrombin mutant D102N is stabilized in a self-inhibited conformation where access to the active site is occluded by a collapse of the entire 215-219 beta-strand. Binding of a fragment of the protease activated receptor PAR1 to exosite I, 30-A away from the active site region, causes a large conformational change that corrects the position of the 215-219 beta-strand and restores access to the active site. The crystal structure of the thrombin-PAR1 complex, solved at 2.2-A resolution, reveals the details of this long-range allosteric communication in terms of a network of polar interactions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Various Photosensitive Copper(II) Complexes with 5‐(1‐Methylhydrazinyl)‐1H‐tetrazole as Ligand and Perchlorate, Nitrate, Dinitramide, and Chloride as Anions (2013)

The preparation of 5-(1-methylhydrazinyl)-1H-tetrazole monohydrate (1⋅H2O) and various copper(II) complexes with perchlorate (2 and 3), nitrate (4, 5, and 6), dinitramide (7), and chloride (8) is described. The coordination compounds (monomers, dimers, and polymers) were characterized through infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Further, the structures of 2 and 4-8 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 can act as a bidentate ligand in its neutral form (HMHT) and as a μ2- or μ3-bridging ligand in its deprotonated form (MHT). The energetic properties of the synthesized complexes, such as their sensitivities toward impact and friction, were determined, and laser ignition tests were performed. New information about the laser initiation process and the role of the anion in the initiation criterion was obtained. The perchlorate complexes 2 (T(decomp)=217 °C) and 3 (T(decomp)=206 °C) are potential primary explosives.
Modelling serial scanning strategies in two-dimensional object distributions (2003)

Two experiments on visual scanning strategies are reported in this article. In Experiment 1, subjects were presented with random distributions of identical dots. The task was to look exactly once at each dot, with a starting dot specified. This setting allowed a quantitative analysis of scan-path structures and hence made it possible to compare empirical scan paths to computer-generated ones.
Thermodynamic modeling of the reaction of polychlorinated biphenyls with sodium methoxide (2013)

Thermochemical parameters, like standard enthalpy of formation (ΔH 298 0 ), enthalpy increment from 0 to 298 K (H 298 0 - H 0 0 ), standard heat capacity (C p298 0 ) and its temperature dependence [Cp(T)], and entropy (S 298 0 ), were calculated for the gaseous methoxy derivatives formed from polychlotinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. Thermodynamic modeling and the HSC software were used to evaluate the reactivity of PCB congeners toward sodium methoxide in DMSO, and the calculation results were compared with experimental data.
Electron-beam induced current determination of shallow junction depth (1994)

Electron-beam induced current (EBIC) was investigated as a possible method of determining shallow junction depth. Molecular-beam epitaxy Si n+/p junctions 200–1800 Å deep were explored with both cross-sectional and plan-view EBIC geometry. Cross-sectional EBIC analysis proves to be accurate and reproducible in determining the center of the depletion region for the deep junctions (1800 Å) when using a conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with a LaB6 filament. Confidence in the location of shallow junctions decreases due to sample drift and the resolution limits of the SEM and EBIC techniques. In the plan-view geometry, in which the EBIC current is recorded as a function of electron beam energy, we can distinguish between shallow junctions with greater precision than deeper junctions. Collection efficiency versus electron-beam energy curves reveal junction depth through shifts in both peak position and height. The collection efficiency versus electron-beam energy curves were modeled assuming the n+ layer is equivalent to a Schottky barrier. The model agrees well with peak shifts, but carrier loss due to the n+ layer must be implemented to sufficiently describe the change in peak height.
Compact narrow-linewidth tunable ultraviolet laser source for detecting Hg emissions. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Phototoxic Effect of Visible Light on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum: An In Vitro Study¶† (2004)

Abstract The antibacterial effect of visible light irradiation combined with photosensitizers has been reported. The objective of this was to test the effect of visible light irradiation without photosensitizers on the viability of oral microorganisms. Strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacteriurm nucleatum, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus faecalis in suspension or grown on agar were exposed to visible light at wavelengths of 400–500 nm. These wavelengths are used to photopolymerize composite resins widely used for dental restoration. Three photocuring light sources, quartz‐tungsten‐halogen lamp, light‐emitting diode and plasma‐arc, at power densities between 260 and 1300 mW/cm 2 were used for up to 3 min. Bacterial samples were also exposed to a near‐infrared diode laser (wavelength, 830 nm), using identical irradiation parameters for comparison. The results show that blue light sources exert a phototoxic effect on P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum . The minimal inhibitory dose for P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum was 16–62 J/cm 2 , a value significantly lower than that for S. mutans and S. faecalis (159–212 J/cm 2 ). Near‐infrared diode laser irradiation did not affect any of the bacteria tested. Our results suggest that visible light sources without exogenous photosensitizers have a phototoxic effect mainly on Gram‐negative periodontal pathogens.
2 Grundsätze und Arbeitsmittel (2019)

Mit dem Standardwerk in der 13. Auflage werden auch Nichtjuristen sicher durch das Abmahnverfahren geleitet. Es beschreibt die häufigsten Abmahnungsfälle: von alkoholbedingtem Fehlverhalten über die Verletzung der Aufsichtspflicht bis hin zum Verstoß gegen das Rauchverbot im Unternehmen. Sie erfahren auch, wie Sie juristische Auseinandersetzungen vermeiden können.
Detection of across-frequency differences in fundamental frequency (1992)

Listeners discriminated between pairs of complex sounds, each consisting of two groups of components. Two harmonic complexes were played out through separate channels, and each filtered to obtain a ‘‘lower’’ and a ‘‘higher’’ group. The ‘‘carrier fundamental frequencies (F0s)’’ of both groups were usually 125 Hz; only those components in the lower group were resolvable by the peripheral auditory system. For the standard stimulus, the F0s of the two groups were frequency modulated coherently with each other, so that they were always equal. For the signal, the F0s of the two groups were modulated incoherently (π modulator delay), so that they differed by an amount that varied sinusoidally between values proportional to the depth of FM (the dependent variable). Stimuli were usually presented in continuous pink noise. The results showed that (i) when the components were added in sine or cosine phase, the mean threshold across listeners corresponded to a zero-peak modulation depth of 6%–7% (rms mistuning=8.5%–10%); (ii) performance dropped to chance when the upper components were added in alternating sine–cosine phase, but was only moderately affected by the phase of the lower components; (iii) threshold for sine-phase stimuli improved by a factor of 1.6 when noise in the frequency region of the two component groups was removed; (iv) threshold increased moderately with increases in the frequency separation between the two component groups; (v) threshold dropped markedly when the F0s of both groups of components were increased so as to be resolvable by the peripheral auditory system; and (vi) performance dropped to chance when the nominal carrier F0s of the two groups of components differed from each other. It is concluded that listeners can perform simultaneous comparisons of F0s derived from resolved and unresolved harmonics, and that their performance on this task is fairly robust. Implications for the perceptual segregation of concurrent complex sounds, and for models of pitch perception, are discussed.
Recombinant Strains of Human Parechovirus in Rural Areas in the North of Brazil (2019)

We characterized the 24 nearly full-length genomes of human parechoviruses (PeV) from children in the north of Brazil. The initial phylogenetic analysis indicated that 17 strains belonged to genotype 1, 5 to genotype 4, and 1 to genotype 17. A more detailed analysis revealed a high frequency of recombinant strains (58%): A total of 14 of our PeV-As were chimeric, with four distinct recombination patterns identified. Five strains were composed of genotypes 1 and 5 (Rec1/5); five strains shared a complex mosaic pattern formed by genotypes 4, 5, and 17 (Rec4/17/5); two strains were composed of genotypes 1 and 17 (Rec1/17); and two strains were composed of genotype 1 and an undetermined strain (Rec1/und). Coalescent analysis based on the <i>Vp1</i> gene, which is free of recombination, indicated that the recombinant strains most likely arose in this region approximately 30 years ago. They are present in high frequencies and are circulating in different small and isolated cities in the state of Tocantins. Further studies will be needed to establish whether the detected recombinant strains have been replacing parental strains or if they are co-circulating in distinct frequencies in Tocantins.