gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of modal optimization system of Subaru-188 adaptive optics (2006)

Subaru AO-188 is a curvature adaptive optics system with 188 elements. It has been developed by NAOJ (National Astronomical Observatory of Japan) in recent years, as the upgrade from the existing 36-element AO system currently in operation at Subaru telescope. In this upgrade, the control scheme is also changed from zonal control to modal control. This paper presents development and implementation of the modal optimization system for this new AO-188. Also, we will introduce some special features and attempt in our implementation, such as consideration of resonance of deformable mirror at the lower order modes, and extension of the scheme for the optimization of the magnitude of membrane mirror in wave front sensor. Those are simple but shall be useful enhancement for the better performance to the conservative configuration with conventional modal control, and possibly useful in other extended operation modes or control schemes recently in research and development as well.
The Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Barrett's Cancer at a Single Institution in Korea. (2009)

Background/Aims: The prevalence of Barrett's esophagus might also be changing along with changes in the epidemiology of GERD, and the incidence of Barrett's cancer is expected to increase even more. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathologic features and outcome of the patients with Barrett's cancer and who were seen at a single institution over a period of 13 years. Methods: The records of 39 patients with the esophageal adenocarcinoma and who were treated at Samsung Medical Center from January 1995 to August 2008 were reviewed. Among them, 11 patients (28%) with histologically-confirmed Barrett's cancer were included in the study. The clinicopathological features, endoscopic manifestations and treatment outcome were evaluated. Results: The male to female ratio was 10：1. The mean age was 64 years. Most of the patients were diagnosed with Barrett's cancer after 2000, and there were three such patients (27.3%) in 2008. The frequent chief complaints were epigastric pain (27.3%) and chronic acid reflux symptom (18.2%). Three patients (27.3%) were detected incidentally during screening endoscopy. The macroscopic types based on the endoscopic findings were as follows: 4 lesions with a type IIa appearance (36.4%) and 2 with a type IIb appearance (18.2%). The mean tumor size was 1.2 cm at the longest dimension and 0.8 cm at the shortest dimension. Tumor was located in the mucosal layer in six cases (54.5%) and the 5 cases (45.5%) showed submucosal invasion. Lymph node metastasis was found in one case (9.1%). All the cases underwent surgery, except one case for which the tumor was removed by endoscopic submucosal dissection. There was no recurrence during the follow up period. Conclusions: As the incidence of Barrett's cancer is increasing, a standard surveillance program that includes the endoscopic biopsy method, the grading system for the dysplasia and the treatment modality should be established.
Mobile payment in the smartphone age (2012)

The smartphone age is changing the rules for mobile payments. While the longer value chain inhibits traditional payment schemes the potential for transaction-based revenues in the e- and m-commerce scenario is limited. Without adding substantial value, current business models have been commercially unsuccessful for more than a decade now. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the development of m-payment business models. While former papers merely stop at a methodical level, the idea of this paper is to evaluate and exploit the freedom degrees of the m-payment business model framework, with special regard to the new developments connected to the smartphone and app-economy age, in order to provide a concrete extension of the mobile payment reference model with new, non-traditional revenue streams. Therefore, we extend the mobile payment business model framework with three new roles: trusted service manager, mobile marketing service provider and mobile customer relationship management service provider.
Alternative Mechanical Milling routes for grain-refinement of conventional High-Speed Steel Powder for later consolidation by SPS (2003)

High-speed steel is the most superior tool steel in terms of wear resistance at high temperature. In order to further improve materials properties, conventional HSS-powder (< 76 μm) has been mechanically milled by a Planetary Ball Mill (medium kinetic system) and alternatively by a Simoloyer (high kinetic system) in order to reduce particle size and in particular the grain size of the powder material. Consolidation has been done by Spark Plasma Sintering in order to maintain a fine structure of the material. In the Planetary Ball Mill, 25 g of HSS-powder was milled for 720 ks (200h) and resulted in a particle size of < 15 μm at an average grain size of 10 nm. Similar results in the Simoloyer were achieved after 72 ks under higher powder load. The SPS-sintered ports were investigated by hardness, the characterization of the powder is given by XRD, SEM and laser diffraction.
Chemical and Spectroscopic Aspects of Polymer Ablation:  Special Features and Novel Directions (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical and Spectroscopic Aspects of Polymer Ablation: Special Features and Novel DirectionsThomas Lippert and J. Thomas DickinsonView Author Information Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, and Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814 USA Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 2, 453–486Publication Date (Web):January 4, 2003Publication History Received12 August 2002Published online4 January 2003Published inissue 1 February 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr010460qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr010460qresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2527Altmetric-Citations271LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Ablation,Chemical structure,Irradiation,Lasers,Polymers Get e-Alerts
The Impact of Estrogen Supplementation to Autonomic and Sleep Modulations in Free-Moving Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2020)

Sleep and estrogen levels have an impact on neural regulation and are associated with cardiovascular (CV) events. We investigated the effects of estrogen on heart rate variability (HRV) and circadian cycle in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Polysomnographic recording was performed in seven male and seven female SHRs during sleep. The electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) were evaluated to define active waking (AW), quiet sleep (QS), and paradoxical sleep (PS) stages. Cardiac activities were measured by RR interval of the electrocardiogram (ECG), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and power spectrum of HRV.In ECG, estrogen prolonged the RR interval in total sleep when compared with that at baseline in male SHRs (203.74 ± 6.61 versus 181.30 ± 8.06 ms, P < 0.001) and in female SHRs (169.21 ± 6.43 versus 160.76 ± 10.66 ms, P < 0.05). In HRV, the estrogen increased the high frequency (HF) in total sleep when compared with that at baseline in male SHRs (1.03 ± 0.28 versus 0.60 ± 0.43 ln (ms<sup>2</sup>), P < 0.001) and in female SHRs (0.71 ± 0.26 versus 0.42 ± 0.19 ln (ms<sup>2</sup>), P < 0.05).In male SHRs, estrogen increased the frequency of QS (26.50 ± 4.85 versus 20.79 ± 5.07, P < 0.01) and PS (25.64 ± 5.18 versus 20.14 ± 4.75, P < 0.05) stages when compared with baseline. In female SHRs, estrogen increased the percentage of delta waves in total sleep (79.87% ± 3.10% versus 76.71% ± 2.74%, P < 0.05) when compared with that at baseline.In HRV, estrogen leads to neuromodulation by increased parasympathetic tone in all SHRs, suggesting a lower risk to CV events. In sleep analyses, estrogen in male SHRs caused poor sleep quality. In contrast, estrogen in female SHRs demonstrated improved quality of sleep and decreased risk of hypertension.
Identification and analysis of miRNAs in human breast cancer and teratoma samples using deep sequencing (2009)

Pyrosequencing of small RNAs, together with a computational pipeline, can be used to identify miRNAs in tumor and other tissues. Measures of miRNA end variability may in the future be incorporated into the discovery pipeline as a discriminatory feature. Breast cancer samples show a distinct miRNA expression profile compared to normal adjacent breast.
Cover Picture: Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Complex Piperidine Scaffolds (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 32/2009) (2009)

Multicomponent reactions …︁ open up a versatile and efficient route to mono- and polycyclic piperidine derivatives, which are common substructures in biologically active natural products. In their Communication on page 5880 ff., L. Ghosez et al. show that the substitution pattern and the configuration of the piperidine rings can be tailor-made, thereby offering opportunities for creating structural, functional, and configurational diversity in the synthesis of alkaloids.
User-friendliness of Verb Syntax in Pedagogical Dictionaries of English, Anna Dziemianko : book review (2008)

As the basis of her experiment, Dziemianko focuses on a selection of fifteen verbs, some more complex than others (like 'to anoint', 'to yank', and 'to subpoena') and identifies a certain number of variables (analytical versus contextual definitions, use of formal versus functional codes and localization of codes whether they are incorporated in the verb entry or stand out in an extra column) to measure the usability and user-friendliness of modern language learner's dictionaries and gauge language users' strategies.
Final Focusing Magnetic Lenses for Light Ion Beam Fusion Reactors (1992)

A magnetic lens has been designed which will focus 30 MeV Li+ ions emitted from a diode onto a DT filled target as required in the LIBRA-LiTE fusion reactor study. Thirty such lenses are located 2.05 m from the target. Each lens is a 5 turn solenoid magnet, 0.5 m long with a bore of 0.18 m and an average B field of 1.2 tesla. Liquid Li is used as the electrical conductor and heat transfer fluid. The front end of the magnet is fabricated from porous TZM alloy with a wetted Li surface. The lifetime of the magnet in this high radiation environment is predicted to be one calendar year.
Use of a nitrification inhibitor to improve crop recovery of manure nutrients (2006)

Intensive hog operations generate large amounts of manure that must be dealt with in a manner that is both economically and environmentally sound. The objective of the research described is to evaluate the effect of adding a nitrification inhibitor as means of enhancing crop recovery of manure nitrogen. A long - term swine manure field trial located on a Black Chernozem (Cudworth Association) near Dixon, SK was used in the study. A nitrification inhibitor (DCD) was added to liquid swine manure that was applied using low disturbance injection in the spring of 2005. The application rate of nitrogen in this treatment was ~ 75 kg N . ha-1 per year. This was compared to the same rate of liquid swine manure applied without the inhibitor. The efficacy of the nitrification inhibitor was evaluated by measurement of plant nitrogen recovery. As well, PRS™-probes (anion and cation exchange membranes) were used to assess ammonium and nitrate supply rates in the soil during the growing season as affected by treatment. Plant samples were also taken biweekly during the growing season to quantify biomass production and measure plant nitrogen uptake in the selected treatments. Data obtained in the 2005 season indicates that the nitrification inhibitor was effective in keeping more of the manure nitrogen in the ammonium form during the 2005 season at the Dixon site. However, significant increases in crop nitrogen recovery, and yield responses were not observed from the use of the nitrification inhibitor at the Dixon site. This may be explained by conditions during the growing season that were not conducive to high potential losses of nitrate by leaching or denitrification.
Sintering Mechanisms of Zirconium and Hafnium Carbides Doped with MoSi 2 (2009)

The microstructure of two pressureless‐sintered ultra‐high‐temperature ceramics, namely ZrC+20 vol% MoSi 2 and HfC+20 vol% MoSi 2 , was characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. With regard to the ZrC–MoSi 2 system, Zr x Si y compounds and SiC were detected. In the HfC–MoSi 2 system, a mixed phase was detected at the triple points and identified as (Mo,Hf) 5 Si 3 . For both the systems investigated, the high wettability of the silicide‐based phases on the matrix grains suggests that sintering is assisted by a liquid phase. This contribution reports for the first time on the sintering mechanisms of early transition metal carbides doped with MoSi 2 as a sinter additive, on the basis of the microstructural evolution observed upon sintering and in the light of phase diagrams and thermodynamical calculations.
Metabolic profiling of Parkinson's disease: evidence of biomarker from gene expression analysis and rapid neural network detection (2009)

The results increase the prospect of a robust molecular definition in detection of PD through the early symptomatic phase of the disease. This is an ultimate opening for therapeutic intervention. If validated in a genuinely prospective fashion in larger samples, the biomarker trajectories described here will go a long way to facilitate the development of useful therapies. Moreover, implementation of neural network will be a breakthrough in clinical screening and rapid detection of PD.
Eligibility for Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Primary Systemic Amyloidosis Is a Favorable Prognostic Factor for Survival (2001)

The same patients who are eligible for HSCT are a good-risk population who do relatively well with chemotherapy (median survival, 42 months), substantially better than the expected median survival of 18 months for all patients with AL. A randomized trial is needed to assess the true effect of HSCT.
Relationship between degree of viremia and disease manifestations in calves with experimentally induced bovine viral diarrhea virus infection (2001)

Degree of viremia induced during BVDV infection is associated with severity of clinical disease. Isolates of BVDV that induce a high degree of viremia may be more capable of inducing clinical signs of disease. Strategies (eg, vaccination) that reduce viremia may control clinical signs of acute infection with BVDV.
Optimistic Parallel Discrete Event Simulation Based on Multi-core Platform and its Performance Analysis (2009)

The development of computer processor has stepped into the era of multi-core, providing a good chance to spread the parallel discrete event simulation. The parallel programming model and synchronization problem during the parallelization of discrete event simulation on multi-core platform were discussed. A parallel discrete event simulator based on multi-core platform was designed and implemented using the optimistic synchronization algorithm. On an HP multi-core server with up to 8 cores, both the overheads of the parallel simulator and the effects of event granularity, process number, lookahead on the simulation performance were tested using the Phold model. The experiment results show that the optimistic parallel discrete event simulation based on multi-core platform could achieve good speedup for simulation applications with coarse-grained events.
o-(o-Iodophenyl)phenylselenenyl Ethers/t-BuLi System as an Alkyllithium Equivalent with Structural Variations (2001)

o-(o-Iodophenyl)phenylselenenyl ethers/t-BuLi system can function as an alkyllithium equivalent possessing requisite structures based on an anchimeric approach. the synthetic utility as well as the limitation were evaluated in the in situ trapping reaction with carbonyl compounds.
The clinical significance of Inca serum CA-125 in gynecological diseases (2010)

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the level of Inca serum CA-125 of women with gynecologic diseases, including malignant diseases, and to assess the usefulness of these levels in the diagnosis and screening for gynecologic diseases. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the level of serum CA-125 of 3,920 women who visited the outpatient clinic in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology or the Health Screening Center of the Kyungpook National University Hospital between January 1999 and December 2007. Among the women, some were diagnosed with gynecologic diseases and others were disease-free, including gynecologic and other diseases. The level of serum CA-125 was measured using enzyme immunoassays. The distribution of serum CA-125 was made into a normal distribution through log substitutions (Inca serum CA-125). Statistical analysis was performed by independent t-tests. Results: Compared with the normal group, pelvic inflammatory diseases (P<0.01), endometriosis without adenomyosis (P<0.01), uterine leiomyomas (P<0.01), adenomyosis (P<0.01), and ovarian cancer (P<0.01) showed a statistically significant increase. The CA-125 level in the group with adenomyosis (P=0.57) did not show any statistically significant difference compared to the ovarian cancer group. As the stage of ovary cancer advanced, the level of Inca serum CA-125 was statistically increased (P-trend=0.0046). Conclusion: The level of Inca serum CA-125 is useful in the diagnosis of ovary cancer and adenomyosis, but not useful in differentiation between the two diseases in this study.
QUESTIONS ON THE BIOCHEMICAL GENESIS OF ACANTHOLYSIS (1962)

To the Editor: I read the article Observations on the Biochemical Genesis of Acantholysis,Archives of Dermatology84:459, 1961. As is always true when investigators work on similar problems, there are questions that arise, both in methodology and interpretation. They did not observe inhibition of acantholysis with intraepidermal injections of HgCl2 and CuCl2. In our work, acantholysis was inhibited by injections of Hg++ which were intradermal , of higher concentration than the authors', and the incubations were carried out in a moist atmosphere rather than in a solution where the concentration of the injected HgCl 2 would be greatly decreased by diffusion into the surrounding media. They state (p. 462) that BAL does not produce the histologic changes caused by cantharidin. Perhaps my confusion over this paragraph is due to lack of detail regarding their work in this area. However, how does this suggest that cantharidin acantholysis is not
Gas Sensing Properties of Interconnected ZnO Nanowires (2011)

In this report, the structural, morphological, and gas-sensing properties of nanostructured thin films made of interconnected zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were studied. This paper is the first demonstration of functional devices based on such nanowires. Interconnected nanowires were grown via a two-stage process using, spray pyrolysis for the deposition of a ZnO seed layer on glass substrates, followed by a hydrothermal method for the growth of interconnected ZnO nanowires. Samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Characterization of the films revealed that they were populated with interconnected ZnO nanowires, approximately ~20-30 nm in width with a hexagonal wurtzite structure after heat treatment. Samples were evaluated for NO2 gas sensing applications, and exhibited a considerable change in surface conductivity when exposed to N O2 at 200 °C. The influence of temperature between 65-260 °C on N O2 response of the developed sensors will be presented and discussed.
An Inverse Calculation Study on Post-Quench Behavior of a No-Insulation REBCO Insert (2020)

This paper proposes an approach to account for a fast electromagnetic quench propagation among electromagnetically coupled no-insulation (NI) high temperature superconductor (HTS) coils. Recently, multiple groups have reported that the conventional lumped-circuit model, which has well demonstrated charging and discharging behaviors of an NI magnet, could not account for post-quench behaviors. Specifically, terminal voltages of individual pancake coils were estimated to be too high than the simulated ones. This paper proposes an approach that focuses on the post-quench simulation of an NI HTS magnet. To explain this phenomenon as a lumped circuit, a new approach was introduced. The key idea is inversely calculating key parameters of the lumped circuit that best demonstrates the non-linear post-quench behaviors. After defining the necessary assumptions, we adopted inverse-calculating methods to analyze the test results of high field NI HTS magnets. Simulation results suggest that after a quench, the index resistance changes in a different way from the previous theory, while the change in characteristic resistance is similar to conventional theory.
Integrated System Development for 3-D VLSI (2007)

A great deal of work has been done in creating 3-D VLSI by wafer stacking and through silicon via (TSV) processing for dense Z-axis interconnects. Various methods for wafer attachment have been used, including polymer glue, oxide-oxide bonding, and direct metallic bonding. Yet these wafer attachment methods may not be the best way to assemble 3-D systems from VLSI elements. Systems consist of more than silicon ICs. Many systems, particularly those designed for RF or sensor applications, may need to assemble both III-V and silicon layers with TSVs, remove significant amounts of heat, provide integrated decoupling and power distribution, and avoid cumulative yield issues by pretesting individual die layers before assembly. Typically, each layer may be a miniature subsystem, so that Z-axis interconnect demand can be satisfied by connections on 100-200 μm pitch. This paper describes an advanced 3-D packaging concept using die stacking rather than wafer bonding. To deal with the CTE mismatch of different materials, compliant copper posts are used to join individual layers. The copper is also used to form a fluid dam around the resulting channel between each pair of die. Circulating fluid is pumped through these channels for heat removal. Sequential attachment of pretested layers is accomplished by forming copper/tin intermetallics. Decoupling and power distribution are provided by thin film capacitors between copper distribution planes on dedicated silicon layers. The results of process development on the various aspects of this approach will be presented. TSVs of 20 μm diameter on 100 μm pitch have been fabricated in wafers thinned to 100 μm thick. Copper posts 30 μm in diameter and 80 μm high have been demonstrated. The results of tests on via and post daisy chains will be presented. Decoupling layers based on thin-film Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> dielectric capacitors will be described. The design of a complete test vehicle intended to demonstrate the integration of these methods will be presented. This novel concept for packaging miniature 3-D VLSI systems appears well-suited to high power RF and other system applications.