gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel electron-beam-induced reaction of a sulfonium salt in the solid state (2006)

The electron-beam (EB)-induced reaction of triphenylsulfonium methanesulfonate (1-Ms) in the solid state afforded the benzene-substituted product, biphenyldiphenylsulfonium methanesulfonate (2-Ms), which has not been observed by either photolysis or EB-induced reaction in a solution. Biphenyl salt 2-Ms was accumulated as an intermediate product at an early stage and consequently decomposed to diphenylsulfide (3) and three regioisomers of phenylthiobiphenyls (4). The kinetic data of both formation and consumption of 2-Ms revealed that the biphenyl salt 2-Ms exhibited 3.7 times greater kinetic constants for consumption than that of 1-Ms. The EB-induced reaction of benzene-substituted triphenylsulfonium salts, p-biphenyldiphenylsulfonium methanesulfonate(2p-Ms) and (4-phenylthiophenyl)diphenylsulfonium methanesulfonate (7), showed the consumption rates of 3.8 and 5.7 times greater than that of 1-Ms. The sulfonium salts with aromatic counteranions showed somewhat higher reactivity than those with aliphatic counteranions. Accordingly, it is concluded that the triphenylsulfonium salts having aryl groups, which exhibit lower ionization potential, in both cation and anion moieties should exhibit greater decomposition rates. Detailed kinetic analysis of 1-Ms revealed that the EB-induced reaction of 1-Ms comprises two disparate pathways, one pathway is a unimolecular rearrangement via the lowest excited state leading to only orthoisomer of 4 and the other is a bimolecular displacement of phenyl radical via the upper excited state leading to 2-Ms and 3.
Abstract 493: Antitumoral efficacy of therapeutic human anti-KIR antibody (BMS-986015/IPH2102) in a preclinical xenograft tumor model. (2013)

Abstract Natural Killer cells (NK cells) are lymphocytes able to recognize and kill tumors for which the expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules is altered. This “missing self” recognition is mediated in humans by the lack of engagement of MHC class I i.e. Human Leucocyte Antigens (HLA) molecules with NK cell inhibitory receptors that include Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR). Some tumors escape NK cell immune surveillance by increasing the expression of HLA molecules on their surface. Consequently, blocking interactions between KIR and HLA molecules constitutes an interesting therapeutic strategy. The anti-KIR2DL1/2/3-specific monoclonal antibody, BMS-986015/IPH2102, is a human IgG4 that is being developed for treating both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. In rodents, the MHC class I inhibitory system regulating NK cell activation is based on lectin-like family Ly49 but the KIR molecules are not expressed. The objective of this study was to develop a preclinical model to assess the efficacy of the drug candidate used in clinical trials, BMS-986015/IPH2102. Mice expressing the human NK inhibitory KIR2DL3, on the surface of NK cells were generated on a RAG-1deficient background (KIRtgRAG mice). The human B cell lymphoma cell line, 721.221, transduced with HLA-Cw3 molecule, a ligand of KIR2DL3, was intra-venously engrafted in these mice. The expression of HLA-C by tumor cells was sufficient to allow them to escape control of NK cells, leading to mice death in around 30 days. IPH2102 treatment increased mice survival in a dose dependent manner when injected at the same time as the tumor challenge. This protective effect was NK cell mediated and directly correlated with the duration of KIR saturation. Interestingly, BMS-986015/IPH2102 treatment also improved survival in therapeutic conditions i.e. when the antibody was injected 5 days after the tumor, also in a NK cell dependent manner. In conclusion, this study showed efficacy of BMS-986015/IPH2102 as single agent in a HLA-Cw3-expressing tumor model and this xenogenic pre-clinical model will be an excellent tool to investigate the therapeutic benefits of combination treatments. Citation Format: Caroline Sola, Fabien Chanuc, Ariane Thielens, Nicolas Fuseri, Isabelle Palacios, Mathieu Blery, Pascale André, Eric Vivier, Sophie Ugolini, Robert Graziano, François Romagne, Cécile Bonnafous. Antitumoral efficacy of therapeutic human anti-KIR antibody (BMS-986015/IPH2102) in a preclinical xenograft tumor model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 493. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-493
Design of an X‐Ray Powder Diffraction Probe for Multi‐Channel Application: Proof of Principle (2011)

Abstract The design of an X‐ray powder diffraction probe and its integration with a multi‐channel reactor system for potential application in high‐throughput experimentation is presented. The working principle of the apparatus is exemplified by measurements of corundum and of the phase change observed when oxidizing vanadium(III) oxide (V 2 O 3 ) in air during heating up to 450 °C. The phase transformations of the parent material were monitored by phase identification of the crystalline intermediate vanadium(IV) oxide (VO 2 ) and the final product vanadium(V) oxide (V 2 O 5 ).
102 Nutrition Affects Tendon Healing In A Rat Model (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> We have previously shown that human and rat tendon cells produce insulin and secrete it upon glucose stimulation. Moreover, the level of tendon insulin production is affected by the amount of glucose taken up by nutrition [Lehner, 2012]. We now hypothesise that nutritional glucose affects tendon healing in a rat model. <h3>Methods</h3> In 60 female Lewis rats full thickness defects were created in one Achilles tendon and left unsutured. The rats were randomly assigned to three groups, one was fed a high glucose diet, one a diet with low glucose/high fat and one a control diet, for 2 weeks each. Before surgery, one and two weeks after, gait analysis was performed using a Noldus<sup>TM</sup> catwalk system. After two weeks the animals were sacrificed and tendon size was measured and tendons were biomechanically tested an evaluated by various histological methods. <h3>Results</h3> Gait Analysis revealed a significant difference between the three groups one week after surgery. The intermediate toe spread (the range between second and fourth toe, a measure for the load on the limb) of the high glucose group is significantly increased one week p.o. (0,49 cm ± 0,07; n = 20; p &lt; 0.01) compared to the control group (0,42 cm ± 0,08; n = 19) and to the high fat group (0,40 cm ± 0,12; n = 20) (Figure 1). Measurement of length and thickness of the newly formed tissue revealed a significant (p &lt; 0.001) difference in tendon thickness of the newly formed tissue between the high-glucose group (4,26 mm ± 0,29; n = 20) and the control group (3,66 mm ± 0,39; n = 19) as well as between the high glucose and the high-fat group (4,32 mm ± 0,20; n = 20). Biomechanical testing revealed no significant difference between the groups in maximum tensile load, however, the new fibrous tissue from the glucose group is significantly (p &lt; 0.05) stiffer (20,82 N/mm ± 8.08; n = 14) compared to the control group (15,07 N/mm ± 4.32; n = 14) (Figure 2). The stiffness of these tendons was similar to the stiffness of intact tendon tissue of the control group (20,63 N/mm ± 10,96; n = 14). <h3>Discussion</h3> Newly formed tendon tissue quality is affected by nutritional glucose. This finding is relevant for understanding diabetes related tendinopathy. Nutritional parameters may account for the interindividual variation of tendon quality and regeneration. The underlying molecular mechanisms will be examined. <h3>Reference</h3> Lehner <i>et al</i>. Horm Metab Res. 2012;44:506–510
Mastering Types and Generics (2007)

F# constructs such as lists, tuples, and function values are all generic, which means they can be instantiated at multiple different types. For example, int list, string list, and (int * int) list are all instantiations of the generic family of F# list types. Likewise, int → int and string → int are both instantiations of the generic family of F# function types. The F# library and the .NET Framework have many other generic types and operations in addition to these.KeywordsType InferenceType ConstraintReference TypeType AnnotationExplicit ArgumentThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Nanotechnologie und Normung (2007)

Kurzfassung Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit den jüngsten Aktivitäten zur Standardisierung der Nanotechnologie in Deutschland und vergleicht diese mit den internationalen Aktivitäten.
Layout effects on design optimization of CMOS LNA and mixer (2005)

A study on the comparison of different layout methods on the performance of RF CMOS integrated circuits is presented in this paper. Multi-finger and compact waffle layout strategies are investigated in detail. Vital layout parameters, including unit cell configuration and the conflict between finger length and the number of fingers, are analyzed in view of the noise figure and gate RC delay. Layout effects on CMOS LNA and mixer are verified through circuit simulation and fabrication using a 0.35/spl mu/m standard CMOS process.
Expression of Cytochrome P450‐4A Isoforms in the Rat Cremaster Muscle Microcirculation (2004)

The present study identifies the specific pattern of cytochrome P450-4A isoform expression in arterioles and parenchymal cells of the skeletal muscle microcirculation, and supports the hypothesis that the cytochrome P-450 enzymes may play a role in the regulation of microvascular function in the skeletal muscle microcirculation.
Active data structures (1981)

Data structures have traditionally been regarded as passive software objects implemented by procedures and as having only one view, i.e., only a single set of access functions for manipulation. The advent of microprocessor technology suggests that we rethink our previous models of data structures. This leads to a different approach in which data structures are active and provide multiple views to users. Both these ideas imply that data structures will be implemented by processes. This makes it feasible to implement each data structure on its own processor. In this paper, we describe the active data structures/multiple views model and provide two examples of its utility: a file directory system and a graphics application.
An interferometric demodulation method for visualizing and determining quasi-static strain by FBG sensors (2006)

In this paper, we propose an interferometric approach for visualizing and measuring the quasi-static strain experienced by fibre Bragg grating sensors. The method makes use of a simple bi-polished silicon sample acting like an etalon tuneable filter. The Bragg wavelength shift can be evaluated by analysing the overall interferometric signal achieved by tuning the etalon tuneable filter angularly. A fast Fourier transform method is applied for phase retrieval. The choice of the silicon sample is determined by the low-cost and well-developed silicon technology and fabrication, the easy design and tuneability of the spectral response, and the possibility of integrating on the same sample also the circuitry for electronic control. The principle of operation of this method is described and results obtained by employing such a configuration are reported.
Revealing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell wall proteins capable of binding thioflavin T, a fluorescent dye specifically interacting with amyloid fibrils (2009)

Proteins binding thioflavin T leading to its specific fluorescence were discovered in a fraction of noncovalently bound Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell wall mannoproteins. Thioflavin-binding proteins display high resistance to trypsin digestion in solution. These data are the first experimental evidence for the presence of proteins whose properties are characteristic of amyloids in yeast cell wall, except for data on glucanotransferase Bgl2p that has amyloid properties. Our data suggest the anchoring of these proteins in the cell wall by a trypsin-sensitive part of the protein molecule. Experiments with a mutant strain devoid of the BGL2 gene suggest the compensation of absent amyloid-like protein Bgl2p by increase in contents of thioflavin-binding proteins in the cell wall.
IMF draping around the Geotail: IMP 8 observations (1992)

This paper gives maps of magnetosheath magnetic field lines in a roughly 12 R E thick annulus circling the tail approximately 30 R E downwind from Earth. There are maps for northward and southward IMF and for quasi‐equatorial IMF (the usual case). The maps are based on IMP 8 data taken during the 127 orbits (four years) when ISEE 3 measured the upstream IMF. In these four years, IMP 8's orbit swept the mapped annulus eight times. The maps project the field onto a plane perpendicular to the sun‐earth line, after correcting for solar wind aberration and tail flaring. Each shows draping around the tail: The field enters from one side, bifurcates at the tail boundary, “flows” around in both directions, rejoins at the opposite side, and exits. A new finding is that, contrary to expectations, the draping pattern is rotated relative to the plane formed by the IMF and the aberrated x‐axis. For example, it is rotated relative to the equatorial plane when the IMF lies in the equatorial plane. The degree of rotation varies from essentially zero for strongly northward and southward IMF to a peak ∼17° for moderately southward IMF. The sense of rotation is clockwise for toward IMF sectors and counterclockwise for away IMF sectors—the same as the dayside merging line. We also find that the tail is fatter and the magnetosheath field less ordered for strongly southward IMF than for strongly northward IMF. The new findings are understandable in terms of dayside magnetic merging.
A novel dual-cytokine–antibody fusion protein for the treatment of CD38-positive malignancies (2018)

A novel dual-cytokine-antibody fusion protein, consisting of an antibody directed against CD38 [a tumor-associated antigen mainly expressed on the surface of multiple myeloma (MM) cells], simultaneously fused to both tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 (TRAIL) and interleukin-2 (IL2), was designed, expressed and purified to homogeneity. The novel fusion protein, termed IL2-αCD38-αCD38-scTRAIL, was able to selectively recognize its cognate antigen expressed on the surface of MM and lymphoma cell lines, as evidenced by flow cytometry analysis. Moreover, the targeted version of TRAIL was able to induce cancer cell death in vitro, both with MM cell lines and with fresh isolates from the bone marrow of MM patients. The experiments provide a rationale for possible future applications of IL2-αCD38-αCD38-scTRAIL for the treatment of patients with MM or other CD38-positive malignancies.
Differences in patient ascertainment affect the use of gene‐specified ACMG/AMP phenotype‐related variant classification criteria: Evidence for TP53 (2020)

The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines for variant classification are widely used for clinical interpretation of gene test results. These guidelines may be specified to genes/syndromes of interest to improve their utility in the clinical setting. As part of these specifications, phenotype-related criteria can be detailed and weighted depending on the personal history of disease for a given variant carrier. We investigated how ascertainment can affect the significance and/or weight of patient phenotype as a predictor of germline-variant pathogenicity, using the Li-Fraumeni Syndrome gene TP53 as an example. Likelihood ratios in favor of variant pathogenicity were determined for a report of the personal history of several TP53-related cancers, using data from 2,656 probands undergoing single-gene testing (SGT) and 15,483 undergoing multi-gene panel testing (MGPT). Overall, TP53-associated cancers were more predictive of pathogenicity, and demonstrated greater evidence weight, in the MGPT versus SGT dataset. This observation is almost certainly explained by differences in proband ascertainment for the two streams of testing, and these findings have implications for germline-variant classification using ACMG/AMP guidelines.
The technique of apical dissection of the prostate and urethrovesical anastomosis in robotic radical prostatectomy (2004)

We report a technique of dissecting the apex of the prostate and prostatovesical junction for dividing the bladder neck, and a modified single running-suture urethrovesical anastomosis, in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy for organ-confined cancer of the prostate. The same principles can also be applied for the anastomosis during pure laparoscopic procedures and for urethro-neovesical anastomosis in patients undergoing robotic radical cystoprostatectomy for carcinoma of the bladder.
Blastocyst development after fertilization with in vitro spermatids derived from nonhuman primate embryonic stem cells (2021)

This work demonstrates that rSLCs, generated in vitro from primate pluripotent stem cells, mimic many of the capabilities of in vivo round spermatids and perform events essential for preimplantation development. To our knowledge, this work represents, for the first time, that functional spermatid-like cells can be derived in vitro from primate pluripotent stem cells.
Effect of SiO2 Additive in Catalyst Layer and Electrolyte on the Performance for Mesothermal Fuel Cell Using Room Temperature Molten Salts (2013)

Solid acid additive such as SiO 2 to a room temperature molten salts (RTMs) applied membrane, which is a mesothermal fuel cell electrolyte without humidification, improves ionic conductivity and compression strength. However, the effect of SiO 2 additive on the performance of the PEFCs is not yet clarified. In this study, we determined effect of SiO 2 additive for membrane and catalyst layer on the performance of the PEFCs using diethylmethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([dema][TfO])/sulfonated polyimide (SPI) electrolytes to evaluate RTMS/SPI/solid acid system for PEFCs. The addition of SiO 2 in the membrane and anode catalyst layer improved cell activity of catalyst layer, ionic conductivity and stabilize the cell performance against gas flow rate increase.These effects would be affected by the behavior of produced water.
Measurement of adherence of residually stressed thin films by indentation. I. Mechanics of interface delamination (1984)

A fracture analysis of indentation-induced delamination of thin films is presented. The analysis is based on a model system in which the section of film above the delaminating crack is treated as a rigidly clamped disc, and the crack extension force is derived from changes in strain energy of the system as the crack extends. Residual deposition stresses influence the cracking response by inducing buckling of the film above the crack and by providing an additional crack driving force once buckling occurs. A relation for the equilibrium crack length is derived in terms of the indenter load and geometry, the film thickness and mechanical properties, the residual stress level, and the fracture toughness of the interface. The analysis provides a basis for using controlled indentation cracking as a quantitative measure of interface toughness and for evaluating contact-induced damage in thin films.
Differentiating Upper Extremity Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection From Serious Cellulitis and Abscess (2021)

Introduction Necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) of the upper extremity (UE) is a rapidly progressing infection that requires early diagnosis and emergent treatment to decrease risks of loss of limb or life. Clinical presentation, particularly of early NSTI, can appear similar to serious cellulitis or abscess. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that are associated with NSTI rather than serious cellulitis and abscess to differentiate patients with similar clinical presentations. Methods This study uses a retrospective cohort design that compares patients ultimately diagnosed with UE NSTI versus those diagnosed with UE serious cellulitis or abscess. Cohorts were matched using the Laboratory Risk Indicators for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score in the setting of UE soft tissue infection. Laboratory values, vital signs, subjective symptoms, and social factors including substance abuse and domiciled status were recorded. Continuous variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test, whereas categorical variables were compared using the chi-squared test or the Fisher exact test (for expected values less than 5). A binary logistic regression for continuous and categorical variables was also performed. Significance was set at p<0.05. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results Multivariate statistical analysis and clinical interpretation of data identified four factors more associated with a diagnosis of NSTI than serious cellulitis or abscess: elevated lactate on hospital presentation, a patient-reported history of fever, male gender, and homelessness. Conclusions In patients with upper extremity infections, the clinical presentation of NSTI and serious cellulitis or abscess may appear similar. In this retrospective cohort of patients matched with LRINEC scores, elevated lactate, subjective fever, male gender, and homelessness were significantly associated with NSTI rather than serious cellulitis or abscess.
A new practical tritium labelling procedure using sodium borotritide and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (2001)

Abstract A simple, mild and versatile new tritium ( 3 H) labelling method on a micro scale using sodium borotritide (NaB 3 H 4 ) and a transition–metal complex catalyst is described. 3 H‐labelled compounds were prepared effectively by 3 H hydrogenolysis of appendant functional groups in target compounds. The appendant functional group such as bromo, iodo or sulfonate in various target compounds can be replaced by tritium ( 3 H) in moderate yields. The new method was established by optimization of the reaction conditions and examination of its applicability using four types of model substrates in tracer runs. Then, various drug candidates and ligands for drug discovery were labelled with tritium on a micro scale. The specific radioactivity of the 3 H‐labelled compounds used for the studies on receptor binding ranged from 12 to 20 Ci/mmol. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of crystalline carbon nitride thin films by laser processing at a liquid–solid interface (1996)

Pulsed laser induced reactive quenching at a liquid–solid interface was used for the synthesis of tetrahedrally coordinated crystalline carbon nitride on a tungsten substrate. The crystalline phase was identified by transmission electron diffraction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the carbon atoms are coordinated only tetrahedrally with nitrogen—as expected for C3N4. The atomic percentage of N (considering only those atoms coordinated with C) is about 35%.