gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review on Fungal Isolates Reported as Anamorphs of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (2014)

This brief review presents current developments on Ophiocordyceps sinensis and fungal strains which have been reported as its anamorphs. A survey of literature has shown that Hirsutella sinensis is currently receiving general acceptance as a true anamorph of O. sinensis . This isolate has been confirmed as the true anamorph by both morphological and molecular methods. The other isolates such as Paecilomyces sinensis, Scytalidium hepiali, Tolypocladium sinensis, Chrysosporium sinensis, Synnematium sinensis, Paecilomyces hepiali, Mortierella hepiali, and Scytalidium hepiali have been discarded as anamorphs of O. sinensis . The review also discusses various methods used to determine or confirm anamorphs of O. sinensis . Considering that the methods have strengths and weaknesses of varying magnitudes, a collective use of various methods is recommended for more reliable conclusions.
Generalized Automatic Probe Alignment based on 3D Ultrasound (2022)

Abstract Acquiring reproducible ultrasound images of high quality is challenging in ultrasound imaging. While physicians can rely on their experience, robot-assisted systems must be able to automatically align the ultrasound probe with the correct orientation. This paper describes a method to align the central axis of the probe to the surface normal at the point of contact. This is done by analyzing the area of ultrasound volumes directly below the transducer of the probe. A convolutional neural network is trained to estimate the inclination of the probe orientation towards the direction of the surface normal. Experiments on two different phantoms indicate that the mean absolute angle error between the estimated rotation and the ground truth surface normal are 5.0 ± 2.8∘. The method is able to keep the probe-surface contact continuous and the results indicate that the method is invariant to anatomical structures.
Synergism of PS-5 with penicillins and cephalosporins in antimicrobial activity against .BETA.-lactam-resistant gram-negative microorganisms. (1984)

The in vitro synergism of PS-5 combined with various penicillins and cephalosporins in antimicrobial activity was examined in detail against beta-lactam-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. PS-5 showed a highly significant synergism in antimicrobial action against Escherichia coli RGN238 in combination with penicillins; and against Proteus vulgaris GN76 and Serratia marcescens T55 in combination with cephalosporins. It was moderately synergistic against Citrobacter freundii GN346, Enterobacter cloacae 45, Proteus morganii 111 and Enterobacter aerogenes E19, whereas no synergism was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa E2 and Klebsiella pneumoniae 130.
Inverted Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells using Polyethylenimine‐Ethoxylated Processed from a Fully Aqueous Dispersion as Electron‐Transport Layer (2015)

Abstract In this work, we present the realization and characterization of bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells in which we use a spin‐coated polyethylenimine‐ethoxylated (PEIE) layer as electron‐transporting layer deposited from a fully water‐based solution. We investigated several concentrations of PEIE in aqueous solution and characterized the chemical and electrical behavior of PEIE‐coated fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) substrates. We realized BHJ solar cells using P3HT:PC 60 BM as active layer achieving a maximum efficiency of 4 % that outperform the device fabricated using a 2‐methoxyethanol‐based PEIE solution considered as reference. Moreover, devices fabricated with the water‐based PEIE solution showed a higher shelf‐life stability compared to those made with the 2‐methoxyethanol‐based PEIE solution. The performances of the devices realized with the water‐based solution were characterized over a period of more than 6 months showing a decrease of 30 % in efficiency.
Reappraisal of the Origins of the Polymodal Molecular Mass Distributions in the Formation of Poly(methylphenylsilylene) by the Wurtz Reductive-Coupling Reaction (1996)

Variations of yields and molecular weight parameters of poly(methylphenylsilylene) formed through sodium-mediated Wurtz reductive coupling of dichloromethylphenylsilane in toluene, xylene, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and diphenyl ether both in the presence and in the absence of 15-crown-5 and at different temperatures are described. The effects of various terminating reagents are also considered. The crown ether when it is present in the reaction mixture is shown to act as a phase transfer agent for the sodium and this is interpreted as having two effects. The first is to activate the alkali metal for reductive coupling, which at lower temperatures is a necessary condition for polymer formation. The other is to transport the alkali metal to points on the high molecular weight polymer chains where, as a prelude to backbiting, it induces a highly selective chain scission; this is explained by it occurring only at gauche defects in the otherwise rodlike all-trans sequences within the polymer in solution. The polymodal molecular weight distributions that are commonplace for polysilylenes are rationalized in terms of a competition between such activation and degradation processes.
The Effect of Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes on the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy: The DPP/DPPOS Experience (2022)

Interventions that delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in overweight/obese subjects with dysglycemia who are at risk for diabetes do not reduce the development of diabetic retinopathy for up to 20 years.
Call admissibility for multirate traffic in wireless ATM networks (2002)

For multirate wireless ATM traffic, the first part of the call admission process is to determine whether to admit calls as long as bandwidth is available or to deny admission to a call of a particular class even if there is enough bandwidth available, in the hope of admitting calls of some other class later. A second part of the process is to determine if the quality of service requested by the call can be met. A scenario in which the first part is particularly important is when the blocking probability requirements for different classes are different. We consider four policies to determine the circumstances under which calls of different types are admissible. For each of these policies, we show how to compute the blocking probabilities. For three of these policies, the blocking probabilities can be found by using results from product form networks. For the fourth, we provide an approximation which works extremely well in practice. We also formulate a non-linear programming problem which attempts to determine the parameters of the admissibility policies in such a way to maximize the call arrival rates while keeping the blocking probabilities under specified bounds. We provide an algorithm for solving the non-linear programming problem and use this as a basis for comparing the policies. We show that under some circumstances, it is possible to improve the system throughput by as much as 35% by a suitable use of the admissibility policies. This improvement in throughput is particularly important in wireless ATM networks, supporting high rate multimedia traffic because of the inherent limitations in bandwidth availability.
Systematic study on fabrication of hollow poly(vinyl cinnamate) particles by particulate interfacial photocrosslinking (2022)

Abstract Hollow polymer particles are widely used in various industries as coatings and thermal insulation materials. The encapsulation capabilities of various functional molecules and/or nanomaterials also provide access to applications such as drug delivery, heat storage, and catalysis, as well as self‐healing materials. In this study, we successfully fabricated hollow polymer particles from poly(vinyl cinnamate) (PVC) particles using LED light ( λ = 265 nm) through interfacial photocrosslinking. Furthermore, we systematically studied the effect of various parameters (solid contents of parent particles, photoirradiation time, photoirradiation power, and polymer chain length) on the polymer shell thickness of the hollow PVC particles fabricated by interfacial photocrosslinking. These findings are expected to further promote the use of hollow polymer particles in pharmaceutical and material applications.
A nonparametric hierarchical bayesian framework for information filtering (2004)

Information filtering has made considerable progress in recent years. The predominant approaches are content-based methods and collaborative methods. Researchers have largely concentrated on either of the two approaches since a principled unifying framework is still lacking. This paper suggests that both approaches can be combined under a hierarchical Bayesian framework. Individual content-based user profiles are generated and collaboration between various user models is achieved via a common learned prior distribution. However, it turns out that a parametric distribution (e.g. Gaussian) is too restrictive to describe such a common learned prior distribution. We thus introduce a nonparametric common prior, which is a sample generated from a Dirichlet process which assumes the role of a hyper prior. We describe effective means to learn this nonparametric distribution, and apply it to learn users' information needs. The resultant algorithm is simple and understandable, and offers a principled solution to combine content-based filtering and collaborative filtering. Within our framework, we are now able to interpret various existing techniques from a unifying point of view. Finally we demonstrate the empirical success of the proposed information filtering methods.
Long-Term Culture of Mouse Vibrissal Dermal Papilla Cells and De Novo Hair Follicle Induction (2007)

We have succeeded in culturing dermal papilla (DP) cells long term and developed new techniques that enhance their hair follicle-inducing efficiency in a patch assay. The outgrowing DP cells from mouse vibrissae were markedly stimulated by 10% fetal bovine serum-Dulbecco's modified essential medium that included fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Moreover, the potency of proliferation was maintained during serial cultivations (more than 30 passages). We combined these established DP cells with epidermal cells and implanted them subcutaneously into athymic mice to examine their hair follicle-inducing ability. New hair follicles were induced by dissociated DP cells at earlier passages (under passage 4), but the cells from later passages could not induce follicles. We next aggregated the DP cells to form spheres and then injected them with epidermal cells. Unlike the dissociated DP cells, the spheres made from the later passaged cells (more than 10 passages) did induce new hair follicles. We examined several genes specific for DP of anagen follicles and confirmed that their expression level was elevated in the spheres compared with their expression level in adherent DP cells. These results suggest that FGF-2 is essential for dermal papilla cell culture and that sphere formation partially models the intact DP, resulting in hair follicle induction, even by later passaged cells.
Neck muscle activation in response to eye movement depends on sitting posture and is modified in whiplash associated disorders: Cross-sectional study (2023)

These observations have potential implications for clinical management of individuals with WAD.
A turn-on AIE active fluorescent sensor for Hg2+ by combination of 1,1-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene and thiophene/bithiophene fragments (2017)

1,1-Bis(2-pyridyl)ethylenes with additional thiophene or bithiophene aryl substituents are AIE active compounds that exhibit selective red-shifted chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) in the presence of Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions.
Hyperandrogenism of Ovarian Etiology (2012)

Preoperative differential venous sampling determined the correct source of testosterone. Subsequent removal of the ovary and steroid cell tumor correctly treated the hyperandrogenism and avoided an unnecessary surgical procedure for the adrenal adenoma.
Efficacy of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment in Patients with Cardiac Arrhythmia and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: What is the Evidence? (2017)

Numerous studies have been conducted in the past few decades on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as an independent risk factor for the development and progression of cardiac arrhythmia. Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy lowers blood pressure, improves ejection fraction in patients with heart failure, and decreases the need of revascularization procedures in patients with coronary artery disease. However, there has been little published discussion regarding the effect of CPAP treatment on cardiac arrhythmia in patients with OSA. We aimed to summarize scientific evidence regarding the utility of CPAP treatment in managing the recurrence and severity of different types of cardiac arrhythmia. We retrieved articles published in English before December 2016, through database search of PubMed, CENTRAL, and Embase. All peer-reviewed experimental, comparative, and other observational studies focused on adults were considered eligible. Several studies documented positive changes in arrhythmia frequency and severity with CPAP application, irrespective of type of arrhythmia, study methodology, or setting. However, the available evidence on the impact of CPAP treatment on the frequency and severity of cardiac arrhythmia is limited by heterogeneity of data. The duration of CPAP application, compliance with treatment, and baseline severity of OSA and cardiac pathology are important confounding factors that influence the effect of CPAP treatment. We emphasize the need for agreement on a core set of relevant predictors of the magnitude of the effect. Future research should carefully address these factors and their influence on the potential therapeutic ability of CPAP treatment to improve cardiac outcomes and reduce the risks of adverse cardiac and noncardiac effects associated with untreated OSA.
Oral intake of lingonberry and amla fruit extract improves skin conditions in healthy female subjects: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial (2019)

In this study, we examined the effect of ingestion of lingonberry and amla fruit extract (LAE) on several human skin conditions. To conduct a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, we randomly divided 99 healthy female subjects into three groups; the first group received a drink containing 25 mg of lingonberry extract and 30 mg of amla fruit extract; the second group received a drink containing double the volume of extracts received by the first group; and the third group received a placebo drink. Each participant drank 50 mL of their assigned drink once daily for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was skin elasticity, and the secondary endpoints included skin thickness, stratum corneum water content, and degree of wrinkles around the eyes. After 12 weeks of LAE drink intake, skin elasticity showed significant, dose-dependent improvements (P < 0.01). Skin thickness, stratum corneum water content, and the degree of wrinkles also significantly improved (P < 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner. The improvements in skin elasticity and thickness, as well as in the stratum corneum water content and the degree of wrinkles, observed upon oral intake of LAE indicate that LAE may be considered a candidate anti-aging agent for preventing skin weakening.
(Invited) Boron-Oxygen Related Lifetime Degradation in p-type and n-type Silicon (2013)

Minority carrier lifetime degradation induced by illumination was studied in n-type Czochralski silicon co-doped with phosphorus and boron. The recombination centre that emerges during the degradation was found to be identical to the fast-stage centre (FRC) which is known for p-Si where it is produced at a rate proportional to the squared hole concentration, p2. In n-type material where holes are excess carriers of a relatively low concentration, the time scale of FRC generation in n-Si is increased by several orders of magnitude. The generation kinetics is non-linear as a result of the dependence of p on the concentration of FRC. This non-linearity is well reproduced by simulations. An analysis of the injection level dependence of the minority carrier lifetime shows that FRC exists in 3 charge states (-1, 0, +1) possessing 2 energy levels. The recombination is controlled by both levels. FRC is identified as a BsO2 complex of a substitutional boron and an oxygen dimer. The nature of the major lifetime-degrading centre in n-Si is thus different from that in p-Si - where the dominant one (a slow-stage centre, SRC) was found to be BiO2 - a complex involving an interstitial boron.
Excess nitrogen accumulation in activated sludge in sequencing batch reactor with a single-stage oxic process (2009)

It was occasionally found that a significant nitrogen loss in solution under neutral pH value in a sequencing batch reactor with a single-stage oxic process using synthetic wastewater, and then further studies were to verify the phenomenon of nitrogen loss and to investigate the pathway of nitrogen removal. The result showed that good performance of nitrogen removal was obtained in system. 0-7.28 mg L(-1) ammonia, 0.08-0.38 mg L(-1) nitrite and 0.94-2.12 mg L(-1) nitrate were determined in effluent, respectively, when 29.85-35.65 mg L(-1) ammonia was feeding as the sole nitrogen source in influent. Furthermore, a substantial nitrogen loss in solution (95% of nitrogen influent) coupled with a little gaseous nitrogen increase in off-gas (7% of nitrogen influent) was determined during a typical aerobic phase. In addition, about 322 mg nitrogen accumulation (84% of nitrogen influent) was detected in activated sludge. Based on nitrogen mass balance calculation, the unaccounted nitrogen fraction and the ratio of nitrogen accumulation in sludge/nitrogen loss in solution were 14.6 mg (3.7% of nitrogen influent) and 0.89, respectively. The facts indicated that the essential pathway of nitrogen loss in solution in this study was excess nitrogen accumulation in activated sludge.
Antiviral treatment for hepatitis C virus infection is associated with improved renal and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients (2013)

Antiviral treatment for HCV infection is associated with improved renal and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients.
Molybdenum-Containing Arsenite Oxidase of the Chemolithoautotrophic Arsenite Oxidizer NT-26 (2004)

The chemolithoautotroph NT-26 oxidizes arsenite to arsenate by using a periplasmic arsenite oxidase. Purification and preliminary characterization of the enzyme revealed that it (i) contains two heterologous subunits, AroA (98 kDa) and AroB (14 kDa); (ii) has a native molecular mass of 219 kDa, suggesting an alpha2beta2 configuration; and (iii) contains two molybdenum and 9 or 10 iron atoms per alpha2beta2 unit. The genes that encode the enzyme have been cloned and sequenced. Sequence analyses revealed similarities to the arsenite oxidase of Alcaligenes faecalis, the putative arsenite oxidase of the beta-proteobacterium ULPAs1, and putative proteins of Aeropyrum pernix, Sulfolobus tokodaii, and Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Interestingly, the AroA subunit was found to be similar to the molybdenum-containing subunits of enzymes in the dimethyl sulfoxide reductase family, whereas the AroB subunit was found to be similar to the Rieske iron-sulfur proteins of cytochrome bc1 and b6f complexes. The NT-26 arsenite oxidase is probably exported to the periplasm via the Tat secretory pathway, with the AroB leader sequence used for export. Confirmation that NT-26 obtains energy from the oxidation of arsenite was obtained, as an aroA mutant was unable to grow chemolithoautotrophically with arsenite. This mutant could grow heterotrophically in the presence of arsenite; however, the arsenite was not oxidized to arsenate.
Elimination of intervalence band absorption in compressively strained InGaAs/InP 1.5 μm MQW lasers observed by hydrostatic pressure measurements (1992)

Hydrostatic pressure was applied to 1.5 μm buried heterostructure In0.8Ga0 2As/InP (1.8% strain) lasers. In contrast to bulk and unstrained MQW devices, no increase in quantum differential efficiency was observed indicating negligible intervalence band absorption. The pressure and temperature variation of the threshold current was explained assuming Auger recombination and a reduced hole mass.
Positive Psychological Impact of Treating Victims of Politically Motivated Violence among Hospital-Based Health Care Providers (2008)

Hospital-based health care providers treating victims of politically motivated violence experience both positive and negative psychological impact. Individuals who are more traumatized by their experience are more likely to also have a positive psychological impact.
A Novel Low-Complexity Estimation of Sampling and Carrier Frequency Offsets in OFDM Communications (2020)

This paper presents a novel low-complexity sequential, blind, pilot-assisted estimator for the sampling frequency offset (SFO) and the carrier frequency offset (CFO), for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communications. The proposed algorithm processes the received subcarriers to obtain a cost function which depends only on a single unknown parameter at a time, either the SFO or the CFO, as well as on a specifically designed auxiliary parameter, while ignoring the noise. Then, by computing the cost function at a few selected values of the auxiliary parameter, an explicit estimator for each unknown parameter is derived, thereby avoiding the need for a search. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such a deterministic approach is applied to the joint estimation of the SFO and the CFO. Moreover, the proposed estimator does not require knowledge of the channel coefficients at the pilot subcarriers, and achieves good performance with a relatively small number of pilot symbols, which results in a low computational complexity. Simulation results show that at low computational complexity, there are many scenarios in which the new estimator achieves smaller estimation errors compared to other existing methods.
Two-photon fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy of nanostructured organic materials using a photon scanning tunneling microscope (2000)

Photon scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy using femtosecond two-photon excitation are demonstrated. The measurement of both intensity dependence and spectral dependence is performed on a two-photon chromophore. A subdiffraction-limited resolution is obtained, and the domain-size dependence of spatial and spectral features is observed, which indicates the high degree of molecular order in the isolated nanoparticle. It is shown that the light confinement due to a quadratic dependence of the fluorescence intensity leads to an optical contrast enhancement with a coated probe.
Progressive alterations in white matter microstructure across the timecourse of Huntington's disease (2023)

The present study showed significant longitudinal changes in WM microstructure across the HD timecourse. Changes were evident in larger WM areas and across more metrics as the disease advanced, suggesting a progressive alteration of WM microstructure with disease evolution.
Direct-bonded GaAs∕InGaAs tandem solar cell (2006)

A direct-bonded GaAs∕InGaAs solar cell is demonstrated. The direct-bonded interconnect between subcells of this two-junction cell enables monolithic interconnection without threading dislocations and planar defects that typically arise during lattice-mismatched epitaxial heterostructure growth. The bonded interface is a metal-free n+GaAs∕n+InP tunnel junction. The tandem cell open-circuit voltage is approximately the sum of the subcell open-circuit voltages. The internal quantum efficiency is 0.8 for the GaAs subcell compared to 0.9 for an unbonded GaAs subcell near the band gap energy and is 0.7 for both of the InGaAs subcell and an unbonded InGaAs subcell, with bonded and unbonded subcells similar in spectral response.