gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist for ovulation trigger – OHSS prevention and use of modified luteal phase support for fresh embryo transfer (2020)

The introduction of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger greatly impacted modern IVF treatment. Patients at low risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) development, undergoing fresh embryo transfer and GnRHa trigger can be offered a virtually OHSS-free treatment with non-inferior reproductive outcomes by using a modified luteal phase support in terms of small boluses of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), daily recombinant luteinizing hormone LH (rLH) or GnRHa. In the OHSS risk patient, GnRHa trigger can safely be performed, followed by a 'freeze-all' policy with a minimal risk of OHSS development and high live birth rates in the subsequent frozen embryo transfer cycle. Importantly, GnRHa trigger opened the 'black box' of the luteal phase, promoting research in the most optimal steroid levels during the luteal phase. GnRHa trigger allows high-dose gonadotropin stimulation to achieve the optimal number of oocytes and embryos needed to ensure the highest chance of live birth. This review thoroughly discusses how the GnRHa trigger concept adds safety and efficacy to modern IVF in terms of OHSS prevention. Furthermore, the optimal luteal phase management after GnRHa trigger in fresh embryo transfer cycles is discussed.
An overview of ascorbic acid biochemistry (2009)

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a water-soluble micronutrient required for multiple biological functions. Ascorbic acid is a cofactor for several enzymes participating in the post-translational hydroxylation of collagen, in the biosynthesis of carnitine, in the conversion of the neurotransmitter dopamine to norepinephrine, in peptide amidation and in tyrosine metabolism. In addition, vitamin C is an important regulator of iron uptake, It reduces ferric Fe3+ to ferrous Fe2+ ions, thus promoting dietary non-haem iron absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, and stabilizes iron-binding proteins. Most animals are able to synthesise vitamin C from glucose, but humans, other primates, guinea pigs and fruit bats lack the last enzyme involved in the synthesis of vitamin C (gulonolactone oxidase) and so require the presence of the vitamin in their diet. Thus the prolonged deprivation of vitamin C generates defects in the post-translational modification of collagen that cause scurvy and eventually death. In addition to its antiscorbutic action, vitamin C is a potent reducing agent and scavenger of free radicals in biological systems
Simultaneous 3D Object Recognition and Pose Estimation Based on RGB-D Images (2018)

Object recognition and pose estimation are essential functions in applications of computer vision, and they also are fundamental modules in robotic vision systems. In recent years, RGB-D cameras become more and more popular, and the 3D object recognition technology has got more and more attention. In this paper, a novel design of simultaneous 3D object recognition and pose estimation algorithm is proposed based on RGB-D images. The proposed system converts the input RGB-D image to colored point cloud data and extracts features of the scene from the colored point cloud. Then, the existing color signature of histograms of orientations (CSHOT) description algorithm is employed to build descriptors of the detected features based on local texture and shape information. Given the extracted feature descriptors, a two-stage matching process is performed to find correspondences between the scene and a colored point cloud model of an object. Next, a Hough voting algorithm is used to filter out matching errors in the correspondence set and estimate the initial 3D pose of the object. Finally, the pose estimation stage employs RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) and hypothesis verification algorithms to refine the initial pose and filter out poor estimation results with error hypotheses. Experimental results show that the proposed system not only successfully recognizes the object in a complex scene but also accurately estimates the 3D pose information of the object with respect to the camera.
Phonon eigenvectors of chiral nanotubes (2001)

Although a commonly neglected fact, the physical properties of chiral carbon nanotubes may differ significantly from those of the usually considered, simpler achiral tubes. We show that the phonon eigenvectors, e.g., of the high-energy eigenmodes no longer fall into axial and circumferential modes as in armchair and zig-zag nanotubes. The atomic displacement may, instead, point in any tangential direction and even show an angular dependence of its direction around the circumference, as the results of ab initio calculations demonstrate.
Preparation and dielectric properties of epoxy/silica nanocomposites (2010)

In this paper, epoxy resin based composites filled with nano-silica were fabricated. The relationships between the dielectric properties as well as glass transition temperature (Tg) and nano-filler content were investigated. The results showed that, relative permittivity (¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> ) and dielectric loss tangent (tan¿) decreased when filler content was no more than 0.3 wt.%, and reached minimum value at 0.3 wt.%, but above this filler loading, ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> and tan¿ started to increase with increasing filler content. The DC volume resistivity decreased with the introduction of nano-silica, and the value of Tg did not appear to change significantly with filler content.
The Effects of Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediatorson B Lymphocyte Function:Implications for B Cell Differentiationand Antibody Production (2013)

Inflammation is a natural process classically
characterized by heat, redness,
 swelling and pain. Chronic or
uncontrolled inflammation can lead to loss of tissue function
 and
disease. A relatively new concept is that the resolution of
inflammation is an active
 process regulated by anti-inflammatory,
as well as proresolution signals. The ligandactivated
transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
gamma (PPARγ),
 has important anti-inflammatory functions, such as
dampening the production of
 proinflammatory cytokines.
Furthermore, a newly discovered series of lipid mediators
 called
specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), actively promote the
resolution of
 inflammation. SPMs have multifaceted roles such as
reduction of neutrophil infiltration
 and blunting pro-inflammatory
cytokine production. Antibodies can neutralize and help
 remove
inflammatory stimuli such as pathogens, thereby promoting the
resolution of
 inflammation. The effects of PPARγ and SPMs on
antibody production remain a major
 knowledge gap of high interest.
Therefore, this thesis examined the link between
 inflammation
resolution and antibody production. To this end, the physiological
role of
 PPARγ on B cell function was first analyzed. Using a B
cell-specific PPARγ knockout
 mouse model, we have shown under
physiological conditions that B cell PPARγ expression
 is required
for optimal antibody production. We next addressed a major
knowledge gap in
 inflammation resolution, namely, whether or not
SPMs influence B cell antibody
 production. Interestingly, an ω-3
fatty acid-derived SPM called 17-hydroxydosahexaenoic
 acid
(17-HDHA), enhanced plasma cell differentiation and increased human
B cell
 antibody production in vitro. Furthermore, 17-HDHA
increased plasma cell differentiation
 and antigen-specific
antibody production in a pre-clinical influenza immunization mouse
model. These new results highlight the effects of SPMs on the
adaptive immune system
 and antibody production.
 Overall, these
results support the concept that anti-inflammatory and
proresolving
 signals are important for enhancing an
antibody-mediated immune response. With the B
 cell-specific
PPARγ-deficient mouse model at hand as a powerful tool and the
discovery of
 novel immuno-stimulatory SPMs, there is great
potential for developing new therapeutics.
 These therapeutics
could be potentially used to enhance the efficacy of vaccines and
could
 possibly be used in the treatment of inflammatory
diseases.
Adversarial Classification on Social Networks (2018)

The spread of unwanted or malicious content through social media has become a major challenge. Traditional examples of this include social network spam, but an important new concern is the propagation of fake news through social media. A common approach for mitigating this problem is by using standard statistical classification to distinguish malicious (e.g., fake news) instances from benign (e.g., actual news stories). However, such an approach ignores the fact that malicious instances propagate through the network, which is consequential both in quantifying consequences (e.g., fake news diffusing through the network), and capturing detection redundancy (bad content can be detected at different nodes). An additional concern is evasion attacks, whereby the generators of malicious instances modify the nature of these to escape detection. We model this problem as a Stackelberg game between the defender who is choosing parameters of the detection model, and an attacker, who is choosing both the node at which to initiate malicious spread, and the nature of malicious entities. We develop a novel bi-level programming approach for this problem, as well as a novel solution approach based on implicit function gradients, and experimentally demonstrate the advantage of our approach over alternatives which ignore network structure.
Parameter Identification of Lugre Friction Model for Flight Simulation Servo System Based on Ant Colony Algorithm (2004)

In light of the high nonlinearity of LuGre friction model, a novel method based on ant colony algorithm (ACA) for identifying the friction parameters of flight simulation servo system is proposed. ACA is a parallelized bionic optimization algorithm inspired from the behavior of real ants, and a kind of positive feedback mechanism is adopted in ACA. On the basis of brief introduction of LuGre friction model, a method for identifying the static LuGre friction parameters and the dynamic LuGre friction parameters using ACA is derived. Finally, this new friction parameter identification scheme is applied to a electric-driven flight simulation servo system with high precision. Simulation and application results verify the feasibility and the effectiveness of the scheme. It provides a new way to identify the friction parameters of LuGre model.
Does Resistance to Propanil or Clomazone Alter the Growth and Competitive Abilities of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)? (2011)

Barnyardgrass biotypes resistant ( R ) to propanil ( PR ) or clomazone ( CR ) have been confirmed in rice production systems in Arkansas. However, it is not clear whether resistance to these herbicides impose any fitness cost on the R biotypes compared to susceptible barnyardgrass ( S ). The overall objective of this experiment was to determine if the growth and competitiveness of barnyardgrass is altered by resistance to propanil or clomazone and to establish a competitive hierarchy among the S , PR , and CR biotypes. A replacement series study was conducted in a greenhouse using five proportions of S and R biotypes (0 : 100, 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25, and 100 : 0). The study was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The variables, including plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, and shoot dry weight, were used for quantifying the differences in competitive abilities. Replacement series indices were calculated to explore the competitiveness. Expected ( H e ) and observed ( H o ) values for relative yield (RY) and relative yield total (RYT) were compared for number of tillers, number of leaves, and shoot dry weight for each biotype comparison. Other replacement series indices including competitive ratio (CR), relative crowding coefficient (RCC), and aggressiveness index (AI) also were calculated for these variables. The results showed that there were no major differences among the S and R biotypes for these variables, indicating that in the absence of selection pressure, resistance to propanil or clomazone does not influence the growth and competitiveness of barnyardgrass. The findings will be useful for predicting the dynamics of resistant populations in the absence of herbicide selection and for designing suitable management strategies.
Design of a Potent, Soluble Glucokinase Activator with Excellent in vivo Efficacy. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pharmacological properties of Salvia officinalis and its components (2017)

<i>Salvia officinalis</i> (Sage) is a plant in the family of Labiatae/Lamiaceae. It is native to Middle East and Mediterranean areas, but today has been naturalized throughout the world. In folk medicine, <i>S. officinalis</i> has been used for the treatment of different kinds of disorders including seizure, ulcers, gout, rheumatism, inflammation, dizziness, tremor, paralysis, diarrhea, and hyperglycemia. In recent years, this plant has been a subject of intensive studies to document its traditional use and to find new biological effects. These studies have revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities for <i>S. officinalis.</i> Present review highlights the up-to-date information on the pharmacological findings that have been frequently reported for <i>S. officinalis</i>. These findings include anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antidementia, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Also, chemical constituents responsible for pharmacological effects of <i>S. officinalis</i> and the clinical studies on this plant are presented and discussed.
Unilateral Balance Training of Noninjured Individuals and the Effects on Postural Sway (1993)

The purpose of this study was to provide normative data on postural sway by comparing the mean gain score between two balance training groups and a control group. Twenty-seven recreational collegiate athletes (14 females, 13 males, 18-36 years old) with no past documented lower extremity injury or lesion of the vestibular system were randomly placed into three groups: control (nontraining), foam surface training, or hard surface training. The Chattecx Dynamic Balance System (CDB) was utilized for objective post-and pretraining recordings. CDB tests were performed on the training and nontraining extremities with subjects' eyes open and eyes closed. Results revealed no significant post to pre mean gain score differences within any group, nor was any significance revealed between group differences. Although no significant differences were revealed, trends indicated specificity of training toward testing mode. These data should assist clinicians in preventing ankle injury or compensating for ankle instability with balance training.
Double superconducting transition in the filled skutteruditePrOs4Sb12and sample characterizations (2008)

Through the characterization of many samples of the filled skutterudite compound ${\text{PrOs}}_{4}{\text{Sb}}_{12}$, we found that even though the double superconducting transition in the specific heat (${T}_{c1}\ensuremath{\sim}1.89\text{ }\text{K}$ and ${T}_{c2}\ensuremath{\sim}1.72\text{ }\text{K}$) appears in samples of good quality, there are various pieces of evidence that cast doubt on its intrinsic nature. First, three samples exhibit a single sharp transition of $\ensuremath{\sim}15\text{ }\text{mK}$ width at ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}1.7\text{ }\text{K}$. The quality of the samples exhibiting a single transition is clearly better; the width of the transition is smallest and the normalized specific heat jump ${\phantom{(}(C\ensuremath{-}{C}_{\text{normal}})/{C}_{\text{normal}})}_{{T}_{c}}$ is larger than the sum of the two specific heat jumps when a double transition exists. Second, the ratio of the two specific heat jumps $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}C({T}_{c1})}{\ensuremath{\Delta}C({T}_{c2})}$ exhibits a wide variation with samples not only among different batches but also even within a batch. Finally, this ratio was strongly reduced by polishing a sample down to $\ensuremath{\sim}100\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$, which points to bulk inhomogeneities as an origin of the spurious transition. Our x-ray diffraction analysis points to Pr-vacancy problem in the samples, but it does not show that they are the origin of the double transition. We provide the superconducting phase diagram under magnetic field of a sample exhibiting a single transition and fit the curve ${H}_{c2}(T)$ with a two-band model taking into account the appropriate values for the gap as deduced from thermal conductivity measurements.
Characterization of the Third .ALPHA.-Amylase Inhibitor, .ALPHA.AI-3, in the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). (1999)

Seeds of the common bean (Phaseolus vuggaris L.) contain proteinous α-amylase inhibitor (αAI) that inhibits insect and mamnalian α-amylase enzymes. Based on the specific inhibition of α-amylase enzylnes, common beans were classified into four different αAI types, αAI-1, 2, 3, and null type. This trait is controlled by a single locus, and alleles encoding the three αAI variants, αAI-1, 2, and -3, are codominant. Two different inhibitor proteins were purified from a common bean cultivar containing αAI-3. The two proteins are encoded at the same locus and designated αAI-3a and αAI-3b. αAI-3a inhibited the activity of porcine pancreatic α-amylase, while αAI-3b inhibited the activity of Mexican bean weevil larvae. N-terminal sequences and the specificity of αAI-3a and αAI-3b were very sinrilar to αAI-1 and αAI-2, respectively, indicating that the common bean classified als αAI-3 type contains both analogs of αAI-1 and a αAI-2.
Green lubricants production from Nile tilapia waste and prediction of physical properties through molecular dynamics simulations (2022)

Abstract Fish farming is a worldwide growing activity and a large amount of residues is produced in this process. The present work describes a cleaner and sustainable way to produce new lubricants from fish waste oil. Oil extracted from the Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) viscera was utilized as raw material to produce basic oil for lubricants. The products were synthesized by esterification with polyols, trimethylolpropane (TMP) and pentaerythritol (PE), using p‐toluenesulfonic acid (p‐TSA) as catalyst. The synthesized esters were characterized by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Computational methods were used to predict the physical characteristics of the material. In addition, the main physicochemical properties were evaluated, as well as the thermal behavior and toxicity of the products against Artemia salina . The synthesized esters showed high viscosity indexes (VI &gt; 150) and viscosities that fit the degree of application ISO‐46 and 150. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that at room temperature the lubricants Tilapia fatty acid ‐ trimethylolpropane ester (T‐TMPE) and Tilapia fatty acid ‐ pentaerythritol ester (T‐PEE) are in liquid and gel states, respectively, confirming the experimental data. The products did not present toxicity against A. salina . In this research, we reinforce the potential of using tilapia oil from waste to produce green lubricants as a strategy to reduce damage to the environment, as well as the use of computational methods that collaborate to predict physical properties of lubricants.
Increased Wear Resistance of Roller Bearings Using Me-C: H Coated Rollers (2000)

The contact surfaces in a boundary lubricated spherical roller thrust bearing can change form due to sliding and particle generated wear. These form changes can seriously reduce the fatigue life of the bearings. An experimental test series has been performed where this effect was investigated in bearings with metal mixed amorphous carbon, Me-C: H, coated rollers that were tested against bearings with standard rollers. The experimental results show that while the bearings with standard rollers can fail due to wear, the bearings with coated rollers are at the same time almost unaffected by wear. Also the number of particles generated in the contact was significantly less when using coated rollers. There were twice as many self-generated particles when using a standard bearing compared with a coated bearing. The effect of the coating is discussed in terms of surface hardness, coefficient of friction and tribochemical phenomena. [S0742-4787(00)02004-X]
Androstano-arylpyrimidines: Novel small molecule inhibitors of MDR1 for sensitizing multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells (2020)

Apart from the numerous physiological functions of MDR1, it is widely known for its role in granting multidrug resistance to cancer cells. This ATP-driven transmembrane protein exports a wide range of chemotherapeutic agents from cancer cells, thereby deterring drugs to reach effective intracellular concentrations. Thus, inhibition of MDR1 expression or function would be a viable option to enhance the accumulation of cytotoxic agents in cancer cells which in turn could improve significantly the success rate of chemotherapy. Although, several pharmacological inhibitors have been designed and tested in the past, due to their unsuccessful translation to clinical application, there is still ongoing research to find suitable compounds to manipulate MDR1 function and potentially overturn multidrug resistance. In the present study, we demonstrate that novel DHT-derived A-ring-fused arylpyrimidinone derivatives, based on their acetylation status, can inhibit MDR1 efflux activity in MDR1 overexpressing multidrug-resistant breast adenocarcinoma cells. Strikingly, all derivatives carrying an acetoxy group on the sterane d-ring were highly potent in hindering Rhodamine 123 export via MDR1, however deacetylated molecules were not capable to exert a similar effect on multidrug resistant cancer cells. The possible molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the efflux pump inhibiting function of acetylated derivatives were dissected using the most potent MDR1 inhibitor, compound 10g and its deacetylated counterpart (11g). Importantly, molecule 10g was able to sensitize drug resistant cells to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, further verifying the highly advantageous nature of efflux pump inhibition upon chemotherapy. Our experiments also revealed that neither mitochondrial damage, nor MDR1 gene regulation could lay behind the MDR1 inhibitory function of compound 10g. Molecular docking studies were carried out to analyze the interactions of 10g and 11g with MDR1, however no significant differences in their binding properties were observed. Nevertheless, our results indicate that the ER stress inducing potential of molecule 10g might be the fundamental mechanism behind its inhibitory action on MDR1. With additional studies, our work can yield a structural platform for a new generation of small molecule MDR1 inhibitors to sensitize drug resistant cancer cells and at the same time it elucidates the exemplary involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the molecular events to defeat multidrug resistance.