gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study of pyrrole oligomers: Electronic excitations, relaxation energies, and nonlinear optical properties (1994)

We calculate the vertical-transition energies from the ground state to the lowest singlet excited states of pyrrole oligomers containing up to seven rings, by means of different configuration interaction techniques. Special attention is paid to the evolution with chain length of the ordering of the lowest two excited states. The geometry-relaxation phenomena in the 1B and 2A states are modeled on the basis of the formation of bipolaron-type defects. The chain-length dependence of the third-order polarizability \ensuremath{\gamma} as well as the two-photon absorption and third-harmonic generation spectra are evaluated from a sum-over-states approach.
Laser fabrication of GPS conformal antennas (2004)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become a mature technology and is continually being applied in new and more demanding applications. A current effort in this area is the development of compact, durable but lightweight GPS antennas on conformal surfaces for handheld devices. Because modeling the electromagnetic performance of these antennas is often difficult, prototypes are typically built, measured and redesigned in an iterative process. We demonstrate the fabrication of a GPS conformal antenna under ambient-temperature conditions using a combination of laser micromachining and/or laser direct-write processes. The electromagnetic behavior of the antennas is then characterized and the design of the antenna structures is further optimized. Pattern simulations and input impedance measurements of the antenna are presented that demonstrate the usefulness and success of the iterative process made possible with this fabrication technique
Speech synthesis parameter generation for the assistive silent speech interface MVOCA (2011)

In previous publications, a silent speech interface based on permanent-magnetic articulography (PMA) has been introduced and evaluated using standard automatic speech recognition techniques. However, word recognition is a task that is computationally expensive and introduces a significant time delay between speech articulation and generation of the acoustic signal. This paper investigates a direct synthesis approach where control parameters for parametric speech synthesis are generated directly from the sensor data of the silent speech interface, without an intermediate lexical representation. Users of such a device would not be tied to the limited vocabulary of a word-based recogniser and could therefore express themselves more freely. This paper presents a feasibility study that investigates whether it is possible to infer speech synthesis parameters from PMA sensor data
The MITK Approach (2005)

The Medical Imaging Interaction Toolkit (MITK) is an opensource toolkit for the development of interactive medical image analysis software. MITK is based on the open-source Insight Toolkit (ITK) and Visualization Toolkit (VTK) and extends them with features required for interactive systems. ITK is used for the algorithmic scope and general infrastructure, VTK for visualization. Key features of MITK are the coordination of multiple 2D and 3D visualizations of arbitrary data, a general interaction concept including undo/redo, and its extendibility and flexibility to create tailored applications due to its toolkit character and different layers of hidden complexity. The paper gives a brief introduction into the overall concepts and goals of the MITK approach. Suggestions and participation are welcome. MITK is available at www.mitk.org.
Retransplantation for hepatic allograft failure: Prognostic modeling and ethical considerations (2002)

Retransplantation already accounts for 10% of all liver transplants performed, and this percentage is likely to increase as patients live long enough to develop graft failure from recurrent disease. Overall, retransplantation is associated with significantly diminished survival and increased costs. This review summarizes the current causes of graft failure after primary liver transplant, prognostic models that can identify the subset of patients for retransplantation with outcomes comparable to primary transplantation, and ethical considerations in this setting, i.e., outcomes-based versus urgency-based approaches.
Controlling gene activation by enhancers through a drug-inducible topological insulator (2020)

While regulation of gene-enhancer interaction is intensively studied, its application remains limited. Here, we reconstituted arrays of CTCF-binding sites and devised a <u>s</u>ynthetic <u>t</u>opological <u>i</u>nsulator with <u>t</u>etO for <u>ch</u>romatin-engineering (STITCH). By coupling STITCH with tetR linked to the KRAB domain to induce heterochromatin and disable the insulation, we developed a drug-inducible system to control gene activation by enhancers. In human induced pluripotent stem cells, STITCH inserted between <i>MYC</i> and the enhancer down-regulated <i>MYC.</i> Progressive mutagenesis of STITCH led to a preferential escalation of the gene-enhancer interaction, corroborating the strong insulation ability of STITCH. STITCH also altered epigenetic states around <i>MYC</i>. Time-course analysis by drug induction uncovered deposition and removal of H3K27me3 repressive marks follows and reflects, but does not precede and determine, the expression change. Finally, STITCH inserted near <i>NEUROG2</i> impaired the gene activation in differentiating neural progenitor cells. Thus, STITCH should be broadly useful for functional genetic studies.
An intranasal vaccine comprising SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain protein entrapped in mannose-conjugated chitosan nanoparticle provides protection in hamsters (2023)

We developed a novel intranasal SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine called NARUVAX-C19/Nano based on the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) entrapped in mannose-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles (NP). A toll-like receptor 9 agonist, CpG55.2, was also added as an adjuvant to see if this would potentiate the cellular immune response to the NP vaccine. The NP vaccine was assessed for immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and ability to prevent virus transmission from vaccinated animals to naive cage-mates. The results were compared with a RBD protein vaccine mixed with alum adjuvant and administered intramuscularly. BALB/c mice vaccinated twice intranasally with the NP vaccines exhibited secretory IgA and a pronounced Th1-cell response, not seen with the intramuscular alum-adjuvanted RBD vaccine. NP vaccines protected Syrian hamsters against a wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection challenge as indicated by significant reductions in weight loss, lung viral load and lung pathology. However, despite significantly reduced viral load in the nasal turbinates and oropharyngeal swabs from NP-vaccinated hamsters, virus transmission was not prevented to naïve cage-mates. In conclusion, intranasal RBD-based NP formulations induced mucosal and Th1-cell mediated immune responses in mice and protected Syrian hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 infection but not against viral transmission.
Tools, Techniques, and Methodologies (2018)

Security aspects of SCADA environments and the systems within are increasingly a center of interest to researchers and security professionals. As the rise of sophisticated and nation-state malware targeting such systems flourishes, traditional digital forensics tools struggle to transfer the same capabilities to systems lacking typical volatile memory primitives, monitoring software, and the compatible operating-system primitives necessary for conducting forensic investigations. Even worse, SCADA systems are typically not designed and implemented with security in mind, nor were they purpose-built to monitor and record system data at the granularity associated with traditional IT systems. Rather, these systems are often built to control field devices and drive industrial processes. More succinctly, SCADA systems were not designed with a primary goal of interacting with the digital world. Consequently, forensics investigators well-versed in the world of digital forensics and incident response face an array of challenges that prevent them from conducting effective forensic investigation in environments with vast amounts of critical infrastructure. In order to bring SCADA systems within the reach of the armies of digital forensics professionals and tooling already available, both researchers and practitioners need a guide to the current state-of-the-art techniques, a road-map to the challenges lying on the path forward, and insight into the future directions R&D must move towards. To that end, this paper presents a survey into the literature on digital forensics applied to SCADA systems. We cover not only the challenges to applying digital forensics to SCADA like most other reviews, but also the range of proposed frameworks, methodologies, and actual implementations in literature.
A novel method for semi transparency effect in academic videos (2017)

In academic videos the written content is often hidden by instructor hand itself. The problem of content obscuring can be commonly seen in tutorial videos. This problem is addressed by making transparent background surface using interactive pen or pen digitizers. No work has been done so far to achieve transparency effects in paper and whiteboard based tutorial videos without any additional hardware. Hence, this paper introduces a semi transparency effect in a paper and whiteboard based tutorials. This work is well suited for large amount of already recorded paper and whiteboard based tutorial videos available on the internet. The proposed method uses combined averaging methods with background modeling techniques and does not rely on interactive pen displays or any other costly hardware setup. The experimental results show the proposed method is well suited for the tutorial videos.
The MeV Background (2019)

The emission of our Universe at MeV energies is unknown. New measurements of the intensity and the angular fluctuations of the MeV background will allow us to constrain models of SNIa formation, the evolution of radio-loud and radio-quiet AGN, the growth of the most massive black holes and to constrain the cross-section for dark matter interaction
Protocol for a needle-trap device coupled to GC for the analysis of volatile and semi-volatile compounds in solid and liquid samples (2022)

With the growing demand for green analytical methods, reduced solvent consumption, and on-site sampling, the need for fast and accurate methods of detecting and quantifying organic compounds is becoming more and more apparent. Needle-trap devices (NTDs) are capable of satisfying many of these demands, as they combine sampling and preconcentration into a single device, while eliminating the need for solvents. After extraction, extracted compounds would be thermally desorbed and sent to GC instrument for separation and quantification. Furthermore, NTDs are small, which makes them a good candidate for on-site sampling. In establishing optimized sampling conditions, it is important to consider factors such as sampling volume, sorbent type and length, and temperature. The protocol presented in this paper is intended to provide a guideline for suitable NTD preparation. We begin by providing an overview of the fundamental and historical aspects of NTDs, followed by a discussion of some of the influential parameters involved in the proposed protocol. Next, a step-by-step protocol and troubleshooting guidelines are detailed, followed by an evaluation of the developed method. While NTDs can be used with different types of samples, the proposed protocol focuses on the application of NTDs for the extraction of volatile and semi-volatile compounds from solid and liquid samples including, but not limited to, environmental (water, soil, etc.) and biological (urine, blood, etc.) matrices.
Near-IR photon number resolving detector design (2013)

Photon-Number-Resolving-Detection (PNRD) capability is crucial for many Quantum-Information (QI) applications, e.g. for Coherent-State-Quantum-Computing, Linear-Optics-Quantum-Computing. In Quantum-Key-Distribution and Quantum-Secret-Sharing over 1310/1550 nm fiber, two other important, defense and information security related, QI applications, it’s crucial for the information transmission security to guarantee that the information carriers (photons) are single. Thus a PNRD can provide an additional security level against eavesdropping. Currently, there are at least a couple of promising PNRD technologies in the Near-Infrared, but all of them require cryogenic cooling. Thus a compact, portable PNRD, based on commercial Avalanche-Photo-Diodes (APDs), could be a very useful instrument for many QI experiments. For an APD-based PNRD, it is crucial to measure the APD-current in the beginning of the avalanche. Thus an efficient cancellation of the APD capacitive spikes is a necessary condition for the very weak APD current measurement. The detector’s principle is based on two commercial, pair-matched InGaAs/InP APDs, connected in series. It leads to a great cancelation of the capacitive spikes caused by the narrow (300 ps), differential gate-pulses of maximum 4V amplitude assuming that both pulses are perfectly matched in regards to their phases, amplitudes, and shapes. The cancellation scheme could be used for other APD-technologies, e.g. Silicon, extending the detection spectrum from visible to NIR. The design distinguishes itself from other, APD-based, schemes by its scalability feature and its computer controlled cancellation of the capacitive spikes. Furthermore, both APDs could be equally used for the detection purpose, which opens a possibility for the odd-even photon number parity detection.
Extracting Differential Invariants of Motion Directly From Optical Flow (2004)

The structure-from-motion problem is traditionally addressed by establishing point correspondences and then applying classic geometry techniques. However, depending on the application, perhaps only partial scene reconstruction is necessary. In such cases, computing the first-order differential invariants of image motion, namely divergence, curl, and deformation, can directly provide information about scene structure, while avoiding complex projective geometry. Even though divergence, curl, and deformation have been shown to be useful for partial scene reconstruction, little work has been done to extract these quantities from image sequences. In this paper we propose a way to extract the differential invariants of image motion from an optical flow field using a bank of filters. The output of these filters can later be used for the recovery of surface normals and time-to-contact.
Enhancing Bitcoin Security and Performance with Strong Consistency via Collective Signing (2016)

While showing great promise, Bitcoin requires users to wait tens of minutes for transactions to commit, and even then, offering only probabilistic guarantees. This paper introduces ByzCoin, a novel Byzantine consensus protocol that leverages scalable collective signing to commit Bitcoin transactions irreversibly within seconds. ByzCoin achieves Byzantine consensus while preserving Bitcoin's open membership by dynamically forming hash power-proportionate consensus groups that represent recently-successful block miners. ByzCoin employs communication trees to optimize transaction commitment and verification under normal operation while guaranteeing safety and liveness under Byzantine faults, up to a near-optimal tolerance of f faulty group members among 3f + 2 total. ByzCoin mitigates double spending and selfish mining attacks by producing collectively signed transaction blocks within one minute of transaction submission. Tree-structured communication further reduces this latency to less than 30 seconds. Due to these optimizations, ByzCoin achieves a throughput higher than PayPal currently handles, with a confirmation latency of 15-20 seconds.
The Mackey formula (1991)

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A Study on the Resolution of a Terahertz Spectrometer for the Assessment of the Porosity of Pharmaceutical Tablets (2012)

In this study, the resolution of a time-domain terahertz spectrometer for tablet porosity measurements was estimated using two sets of pharmaceutical tablets. One set consisted of tablets with constant thickness and with porosity as a variable. The other set consisted of tablets with variable thickness and only a relatively small change in porosity. The set with constant thickness was used for the calibration of the terahertz (THz) spectrometer for the porosity measurements, and the resolution of the terahertz spectrometer was estimated using the set with different thicknesses and slightly different porosities. It was shown that a time-domain THz spectrometer is a sensitive device that allows monitoring of minute changes in the porosity of pharmaceutical tablets by detecting the time delay of the THz pulse, which is attributable to different refractive indices within the tablet.
The Turbulent Network Dynamics of Microbial Evolution and the Statistical Tree of Life (2015)

The wide spread and high rate of gene exchange and loss in the prokaryotic world translate into "network genomics". The rates of gene gain and loss are comparable with the rate of point mutations but are substantially greater than the duplication rate. Thus, evolution of prokaryotes is primarily shaped by gene gain and loss. These processes are essential to prevent mutational meltdown of microbial populations by stopping Muller's ratchet and appear to trigger emergence of major novel clades by opening up new ecological niches. At least some bacteria and archaea seem to have evolved dedicated devices for gene transfer. Despite the dominance of gene gain and loss, evolution of genes is intrinsically tree-like. The significant coherence between the topologies of numerous gene trees, particularly those for (nearly) universal genes, is compatible with the concept of a statistical tree of life, which forms the framework for reconstruction of the evolutionary processes in the prokaryotic world.
Test of SAGD Flow Distribution Control Liner System, Surmont Field, Alberta, Canada (2012)

Abstract Surmont well pair 102-06 started SAGD operation in April 2009 with flow distribution control built into the horizontal liners for both the injection well and the production well. After preheat steam circulation, this liner system has allowed operation without a toe tubing string in either completion and has delivered superior steam chamber development and overall performance. The design also allowed reducing the liner and casing size for the injection well. Future SAGD well design may benefit by further reduction in liner and casing sizes for both the injector and producer which could allow longer completions by reducing liner drag and increasing directional drilling flexibility. Ultimately these SAGD well design changes could increase the amount of reservoir developed per well and per well pad using longer wells and more wells per pad while achieving superior SAGD performance.
Digital Twin: Applying emulation for machine reconditioning (2018)

Old machine reconditioning projects extend the life length of machines with reduced investments, however they frequently involve complex challenges. Due to the lack of technical documentation and the fact that the machines are running in production, they can require a reverse engineering phase and extremely short commissioning times. Recently, emulation software has become a key tool to create Digital Twins and carry out virtual commissioning of new manufacturing systems, reducing the commissioning time and increasing its final quality. This paper presents an industrial application study in which an emulation model is used to support a reconditioning project and where the benefits gained in the working process are highlighted.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Generation of C—C and C—N Bonds on π‐Deficient Heterocyclic Substrates. (2015)

Abstract By the microwave irradiation of chlorinated N‐heterocycles in presence of nucleophiles aromatic C—C or C—N bonds are generated regioselectively.
Management Development through Action (1983)

What's Going on at Buckingham? Is it rash or rational? Crazy or calculated? The decision to launch an entirely independent, new type of management school at university level may seem more than a shade imprudent, especially in today's uncertain economic climate. Yet the Management Centre from Buckingham (UMCB), to be launched shortly with senior staff from existing university schools and myself as Principal, is just such a venture. We will be going into business in the autumn with Professor Reg Revans as our President.
Titelbild: Sugar‐Derived Phase‐Selective Molecular Gelators as Model Solidifiers for Oil Spills (Angew. Chem. 42/2010) (2010)

In naher Zukunft könnten molekulare Gele für das ökologisch sinnvolle Reinigen nach Ölkatastrophen genutzt werden. In der Zuschrift auf S. 7861 ff. beschreiben G. John et al., wie mithilfe neuartiger Zuckeralkohol-Geliermittel die phasenselektive Gelierung unterschiedlicher Rohölfraktionen aus Öl-Wasser-Mischungen bei Raumtemperatur möglich ist. Die Gele erleichtern sowohl das Eindämmen als auch das Rückgewinnen des Öls.
Sensory perception in complete spinal cord injury (2003)

The present study suggests retained sensory communication across the injury in complete SCI, i.e. 'sensory discomplete' SCI.
CRISPR activation screen in mice identifies novel membrane proteins enhancing pulmonary metastatic colonisation (2021)

Melanoma represents ~5% of all cutaneous malignancies, yet accounts for the majority of skin cancer deaths due to its propensity to metastasise. To develop new therapies, novel target molecules must to be identified and the accessibility of cell surface proteins makes them attractive targets. Using CRISPR activation technology, we screened a library of guide RNAs targeting membrane protein-encoding genes to identify cell surface molecules whose upregulation enhances the metastatic pulmonary colonisation capabilities of tumour cells in vivo. We show that upregulated expression of the cell surface protein LRRN4CL led to increased pulmonary metastases in mice. Critically, LRRN4CL expression was elevated in melanoma patient samples, with high expression levels correlating with decreased survival. Collectively, our findings uncover an unappreciated role for LRRN4CL in the outcome of melanoma patients and identifies a potential therapeutic target and biomarker.
Renal Accumulation and Distribution of Hyaluronan after Ureteral Obstruction (1997)

In a unilateral ureteral obstruction model, a progressive accumulation of hyaluronan (HA) was observed in the renal papilla during the first 11 days of obstruction, after which the amount of HA decreased until the last day of observation, i.e. day 22. The initial accumulation of HA in the obstructed kidney probably reflects the attempts of the kidney to maintain osmotic balance. Consequently, when filtration ceases, HA synthesis decreases and the concentration of HA falls. In the papilla of the contralateral kidney, that had not been exposed to any mechanical damage, the HA content was found to vary in a similar way to that in the obstructed kidney. The explanation for this could be that the mesenchymal cells within the papilla increase their production of HA in order to meet the requirements of increased function necessary to also shoulder the function of the damaged kidney. In short similar variations in the HA content of the renal papilla was observed in both healthy and obstructed kidneys in a unilateral ureteral obstruction model.