gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conversion of Rapid City pilot plant, Phase I. Final report, June 15--December 15, 1977. [Carbon Dioxide Acceptor to Westinghouse process] (1977)

The two-stage pressurized low-BTU, fluid-bed gasification process is being developed on a process demonstration unit that gasifies about 0.6 ton of coal per hour (tph). Recognizing the need to scale the development to a larger size, U.S. D.O.E. has contracted with Westinghouse to evaluate the possible conversion of the CO/sub 2/-Acceptor Pilot Plant to this pressurized gasification process to operate at 2.5 tph. The contract calls for two phases: one, to establish conceptual designs for the Rapid City plant; and two, to establish a preliminary and more detailed plan for converting the CO/sub 2/-Acceptor Plant to this gasification process. The work reported here deals with the completed conceptual-design phase. The Rapid City Conversion study has two objectives: one, to evaluate the design and to estimate the cost of a grass roots plant gasifying 5 tons of Eastern high sulfur coal per hour (5 tph); and, two, to evaluate the design and to estimate the cost of converting the existing pipeline BTU gasification CO/sub 2/-Acceptor pilot plant at Rapid City, South Dakota, to the two-stage fluidized bed low BTU gasification process. Accompanying the evaluations were the definitions of the test programs and of the associated plant operations, and the estimation ofmore » the test program cost. Schedules for the design, construction, and operation of the plant were developed.« less
1-Hydroxy-8-methyl-1,4,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one and its (±)-3-methyl homologue: regioselective synthesis and in vivo evaluation as adjuvants in leukemia chemotherapy (2011)

Condensation of glycine and dl-alanine hydroxamic acids with 1-methyl-4-piperidone regioselectively gave the corresponding titled spiro piperidine hydroxyimidazolidinones capable of enhancing sensitivity of P388 and L1210 leukemias in mice models to the known anticancer drugs cisplatin and cyclophosphamide.
Method and apparatus of spectro-acoustically enhanced ultrasonic detection for diagnostics (2023)

An apparatus for detecting a discontinuity in a material includes a source of electromagnetic radiation has a wavelength and an intensity sufficient to induce an enhancement in contrast between a manifestation of an acoustic property in the material and of the acoustic property in the discontinuity, as compared to when the material is not irradiated by the electromagnetic radiation. An acoustic emitter directs acoustic waves to the discontinuity in the material. The acoustic waves have a sensitivity to the acoustic property. An acoustic receiver receives the acoustic waves generated by the acoustic emitter after the acoustic waves have interacted with the material and the discontinuity. The acoustic receiver also generates a signal representative of the acoustic waves received by the acoustic receiver. A processor, in communication with the acoustic receiver and responsive to the signal generated by the acoustic receiver, is programmed to generate informational output about the discontinuity based on the signal generated by the acoustic receiver.
Brassicaceae phylogeny inferred from phytochrome A and ndhF sequence data: tribes and trichomes revisited (2008)

The family Brassicaceae comprises 3710 species in 338 genera, 25 recently delimited tribes, and three major lineages based on phylogenetic results from the chloroplast gene ndhF. To assess the credibility of the lineages and newly delimited tribes, we sequenced an approximately 1.8-kb region of the nuclear phytochrome A (PHYA) gene for taxa previously sampled for the chloroplast gene ndhF. Using parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian methods, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the gene and used the approximately unbiased (AU) test to compare phylogenetic results from PHYA with findings from ndhF. We also combined ndhF and PHYA data and used a Bayesian mixed model approach to infer phylogeny. PHYA and combined analyses recovered the same three large lineages as those recovered in ndhF trees, increasing confidence in these lineages. The combined tree confirms the monophyly of most of the recently delimited tribes (only Alysseae, Anchonieae, and Descurainieae are not monophyletic), while 13 of the 23 sampled tribes are monophyletic in PHYA trees. In addition to phylogenetic results, we documented the trichome branching morphology of species across the phylogeny and explored the evolution of different trichome morphologies using the AU test. Our results indicate that dendritic, medifixed, and stellate trichomes likely evolved independently several times in the Brassicaceae.
Numerical Analysis of Muscle Force during Pronation-Supination of the Forearm Joint. (1997)

Considering the human upper limb from the viewpoint of mechanics, every degree of freedom of motion is actuated and controlled by more than two muscles. In this paper we describe a method of numerical analysis of muscle force in a human upper limb during pronation-supination of the forearm joint. Because no muscle force can be calculated from only the equilibrium equations of force moment, the optimization method using Lagrange multipliers, which was proposed by Raikova, was applied to this analysis. Muscles were modeled by a straight line from the origin to the insertion. The analytical results were mostly affected by musculoskeletal geometry, in particular, the results for the short muscles of the forearm exhibited such an effect. Therefore, the muscle paths were determined by using a plastic three-dimensional human upper limb prototype. Parameters in the object function of the optimization method were selected to express the muscle properties acting only in the direction of the contraction. Therefore, the synergist and the antagonist could be separated analytically. The results obtained from this analysis were confirmed by experiments using electromyography.
T-Lymphocyte-Antigen Interactions in Transplant Rejection (1990)

THE replacement of malfunctioning tissues and organs has long been a clinical objective in medicine. Modern transplantation has been made possible by improved clinical care, a better understanding of immunogenetics, cross-matching of antibodies, and the development of several nonspecific immunosuppressive agents, including corticosteroids, azathioprine, antilymphocyte serum, cyclosporine, and monoclonal antibodies. The combination of HLA matching and immunosuppression has greatly improved both graft and patient survival, but several complications persist: infection, hypertension, drug toxicity, recurrence of disease, and psychosocial problems. Identifying more specific modes of immunosuppression therefore remains a challenge for clinical medicine.A thorough understanding of the cellular, biochemical, and . . .
Agreement Between Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Opto-Electronic Volumetry for Measurement of Forearm Volume (2014)

This study has demonstrated a high degree of concordance between DXA computed limb volumes and those measured by the reference method of perometry. The relatively small limits of agreement suggest that these methods can be used interchangeably.
Suppressed bone remodeling in black bears conserves energy and bone mass during hibernation (2015)

Decreased physical activity in mammals increases bone turnover and uncouples bone formation from bone resorption, leading to hypercalcemia, hypercalcuria, bone loss and increased fracture risk. Black bears, however, are physically inactive for up to 6 months annually during hibernation without losing cortical or trabecular bone mass. Bears have been shown to preserve trabecular bone volume and architectural parameters and cortical bone strength, porosity and geometrical properties during hibernation. The mechanisms that prevent disuse osteoporosis in bears are unclear as previous studies using histological and serum markers of bone remodeling show conflicting results. However, previous studies used serum markers of bone remodeling that are known to accumulate with decreased renal function, which bears have during hibernation. Therefore, we measured serum bone remodeling markers (BSALP and TRACP) that do not accumulate with decreased renal function, in addition to the concentrations of serum calcium and hormones involved in regulating bone remodeling in hibernating and active bears. Bone resorption and formation markers were decreased during hibernation compared with when bears were physically active, and these findings were supported by histomorphometric analyses of bone biopsies. The serum concentration of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), a hormone known to reduce bone resorption, was 15-fold higher during hibernation. Serum calcium concentration was unchanged between hibernation and non-hibernation seasons. Suppressed and balanced bone resorption and formation in hibernating bears contributes to energy conservation, eucalcemia and the preservation of bone mass and strength, allowing bears to survive prolonged periods of extreme environmental conditions, nutritional deprivation and anuria.
SiNx:H Passivation Effect on n-Type Multicrystalline Silicon Using RPECVD Technique (2008)

Hydrogenated silicon nitride (SiNx:H) films are widely used for antireflection coating and passivation films for crystalline silicon solar cells. In this work, the passivation effects of SiNx:H films deposition on n+/n/n+ structure using RPECVD technique on wafers cut from two different types of multicrystalline silicon ingots are investigated and compared with thermally grown SiO2 passivation films. SiNx:H passivation has superior effects over SiO2 passivation films. Thermal annealing is performed after SiNx:H deposition to investigate its influence on bulk properties. The effective carrier lifetimes were stable in spite of the hydrogen atoms release from the SiNx:H films and decrease of the fixed charge density of the films. A weaker thermal annealing affect on n+/n/n+ field passivated wafers is observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Bulky Metal Aryloxides, Arylamides, and Sulphur and Phosphorus Analogues. (1986)

Abstract Eight classes of Ti(IV) aryloxides are prepared, [the compounds (II), (IV), (VI)/ (VIII), (X), (XI), (XII), (XIII) and (XIV)], as well as Ti(III) complexes [e.g.
Quantification of hydroxyl radical produced during phacoemulsification (2009)

Hydroxyl radicals produced in settings representative of those used in phacoemulsification cataract surgery were quantitated using the deoxyribose method. Hydroxyl radical production was dependent on the level of ultrasound power applied and the irrigating solution used. Oxidative stress on the eye during phacoemulsification may be minimized by using irrigating solutions that contain organic molecules, including the viscosity-modifying agent hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, that can compete for reaction with hydroxyl radicals.
Hierarchical electrospun bioinspired scaffolds can modify fibroblasts morphology in static and dynamic culture (2019)

Tissue engineering of injured tendons and ligaments is challenging since the scaffolds need to have a biomimetic hierarchical morphology and nonlinear mechanical properties [1]. The morphological arrangement of scaffolds is mandatory to drive cell growth and regenerate the collagen extracellular matrix. Electrospinning is the most promising technique to produce hierarchically structured nanofibrous scaffolds suitable to regenerate injured tendons and ligaments [1]. Moreover, the dynamic stimulation of electrospun scaffolds in bioreactors has demonstrated to speed up cell shape modification in vitro [2]. The aim of the present study was to combine different imaging techniques such as high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (XCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy and histology to document the modifications in human fibroblasts morphology while cultured on hierarchically structured poly(L-lactic acid)/Collagen (PLLA/Coll) electrospun scaffolds, in static and dynamic conditions. In order to reproduce the morphology of tendon and ligament fibrils and fascicles [3], a PLLA/Coll-75/25 blend was electrospun on a high- speed rotating drum collector, producing mats of aligned nanofibers. Mats were cut in strips and wrapped up the drum, obtaining bundles of axially aligned nanofibers. To reproduce the structure of a whole tendon or ligament [3], each bundle was pulled out from the drum, obtaining a ring-shaped structure. Each bundle was fixed in a custom-made rotating electrospinning machine, and covered with an electrospun epitenon/epiligament-like sheath [4]. Finally, the scaffolds were crosslinked in a solution of EDC/NHS [5]. The scaffolds were then cultured with human fibroblasts for 7 days in static and dynamic conditions, using a commercial bioreactor (MCB1, CellScale, Waterloo, Canada). The imaging techniques employed assessed that cells had proliferated on the external nanofibrous sheath of the static scaffolds, elongating their cytoplasm circumferentially on the scaffolds. The dynamic cultures revealed a preferential axial orientation of fibroblasts grown on the external sheath. The aligned nanofiber bundles inside the hierarchical scaffolds permitted a physiological distribution of the fibroblasts along the nanofiber direction. Inside the dynamic scaffolds, cells appeared more elongated compared to the static counterpart. This study demonstrated that hierarchically structured electrospun scaffolds can induce fibroblasts morphological modifications both in static and dynamic conditions of culture. These preliminary results seem to confirm the suitability of these scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue regeneration. Moreover, future optimizations of the imaging workflows implemented in this study, will be useful to define correlative microscopy protocols for the investigation of electrospun materials.
A Computationally Efficient Treatment of Polarizable Electrochemical Cells Held at a Constant Potential (2012)

A computationally efficient method is presented for the treatment of electrostatic interactions between polarizable metallic electrodes held at a constant potential and separated by an electrolyte. The method combines a fluctuating uniform electrode charge with explicit image charges to account for the polarization of the electrode by the electrolyte, and a constant uniform charge added to the fluctuating uniform electrode charge to account for the constant potential condition. The method is then used to calculate electron transport rates using Marcus theory and these rates are incorporated in a Kinetic Monte Carlo - Molecular Dynamics simulation scheme to efficiently model oxidation/reduction reactions in an electrochemical cell.
PLASTID DEVELOPMENT IN IOJAP‐ AND CHLOROPLAST MUTATOR‐AFFECTED MAIZE PLANTS (1983)

Plastids affected by either iojap or chloroplast mutator fail to green, and altered plastids are maternally transmitted to subsequent generations. The ultrastructure of iojap ‐affected plastids indicates that these plastids contain no ribosomes and are capable of supporting little internal membrane organization in either light or dark‐grown plants. Chloroplast mutator ‐affected plastids of light‐grown plants contain some organized internal membrane structures. In dark‐grown plants, chloroplast mutator ‐aftected plastids contain a crystalline prolamellar body, numerous vesicles, and osmiophilic granules. The chloroplast mutator ‐affecled etioplasts display an abnormal distribution of lamellar membranes; these membranes, rather than radiating in a spokelike pattern from the prolamellar body, are condensed into a portion of the organelle. Light causes disruption of the prolamellar body in chloroplast mutator ‐affected plastids without promoting the organization of a normal thylakoid membrane system. The effects of iojap and chloroplast mutator are cell autonomous and apparently influence the individual plastid, as evidenced by the persistence of heteroplastidic cells containing normal and affected plastids.
Arabinogalactan proteins in maize coleoptiles: developmental relationship to cell death during xylem differentiation but not to extension growth† (1995)

The spatial and temporal expression of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in the coleoptile of maize seedlings was investigated with monoclonal antibodies (MAC207, JIM13, JIM14) raised against particular AGP epitopes in carrot. MAC207 binds to a buffer-soluble AGP fraction of 90-210 kDa that also reacts with beta-glucosyl Yariv reagent and the lectin RCA120. Immunogold-labelling showed that the MAC207 epitope is exclusively localized in the plasma membrane. JIM13 binds to a 120 kDa component of the buffer-soluble AGP fraction localized in the plasma membrane of future sclerenchyma cells and secondary-wall thickenings of future tracheids of vascular bundles. JIM14 binds to a 50 kDa component of the salt-extractable fraction from cell walls localized in the innermost wall layer of sclerenchyma cells. These AGP epitopes demonstrate different temporal expression patterns which do not correlate with extension growth. Auxin had no effect on the amount of soluble AGP from coleoptile sections, containing the growth-controlling epidermis but no vascular bundles, as measured by crossed electrophoresis. Moreover, incorporation of radioactive arabinose, galactose or proline into this fraction was not stimulated by auxin. These results contradict the hypothesis that AGPs function as wall-loosening agents in auxin-mediated extension growth. The results are compatible with the notion that AGPs serve as developmental markers defining particular features of future cell differentiation. The specific association of the epitopes recognized by JIM13 and JIM14 with disintegrating cells suggests that the related AGPs identify those cells of the coleoptile which are committed to programmed cell death.
Development of a multi-AUV SLAM testbed at the University of Michigan (2008)

This paper reports the modifications involved in preparing two commercial Ocean-Server AUV systems for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) research at the University of Michigan (UMich). The UMich Perceptual Robotics Laboratory (PeRL) upgraded the vehicles with additional navigation and perceptual sensors including 12-bit stereo down-looking Prosilica cameras, a Teledyne 600 kHz RDI Explorer DVL for 3-axis bottom-lock velocity measurements, a KVH single-axis fiber-optic gyroscope for yaw rate, and a WHOI Micromodem for communication, along with other sensor packages discussed forthwith. To accommodate the additional sensor payload, a new Delrin nose cone was designed and fabricated. Additional 32-bit embedded CPU hardware was added for data-logging, real-time control, and in-situ real-time SLAM algorithm testing and validation. Details of the design modification, and related research enabled by this integration effort, are discussed herein.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Nutritional Stress Induced by Tryptophan-Degrading Enzymes Results in ATF4-Dependent Reprogramming of the Amino Acid Transporter Profile in Tumor Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary materials and methods.&lt;/p&gt;
Exercise improves depression through positive modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A review based on 100 manuscripts over 20 years (2023)

The aim of this review was to explore the relevant neurobiology and the association between peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and acute and short to long-term exercise regimes, as well as its relation to depression and antidepressant treatment. A 20-year literature search was conducted. The screening process resulted in 100 manuscripts. Antidepressants as well as acute exercise, particularly high-intensity, elevates BDNF in healthy humans and clinical populations, as evidenced from aerobic and resistance-based studies. Although exercise is increasingly recognised in the management of depression, acute and short-term exercise studies have failed to establish a relationship between the severity of depression and changes in peripheral BDNF. The latter rapidly returns to baseline, possibly indicating a quick re-uptake by the brain, aiding its neuroplasticity functions. The timescale of administration needed for the antidepressants to stimulate biochemical changes is longer than similar increases with acute exercise.
On the benefits of early HARQ feedback with non-ideal prediction in 5G networks (2016)

5th Generation (5G) radio access technology aims at supporting services with different latency requirements in the same air interface. The usage of an early Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) feedback based on a prediction of the decoder's outcome allows reducing the over-the-air latency, with particular advantages for mission critical applications. However, predicting the ACK/NACK feedback before detection occurs is unfortunately error prone. In this paper, we discuss the potential of using an early HARQ feedback in 5G networks considering the occurrence of wrong predictions. Two options are studied: only the early feedback is transmitted, and both early and regular feedback are transmitted, with the possibility of the latter one of correcting wrong early predictions. Numerical analysis shows the potential of the early feedback of reducing the over-the-air latency up to 50%. Wrong estimates can, however, significantly affect outage rate and latency for the case of only early feedback, while their impact is very minor in case the regular feedback is empowered to correct them.
3D video coding with depth modeling modes and view synthesis optimization (2012)

This paper presents efficient coding tools for depth data in depth-enhanced video formats. The method is based on the high-efficiency video codec (HEVC). The developed tools include new depth modeling modes (DMMs), in particular using non-rectangular wedgelet and contour block partitions. As the depth data is used for synthesis of new video views, a specific 3D video encoder optimization is used. This view synthesis optimization (VSO) considers the exact local distortion in a synthesized intermediate video portion or image block for the depth map coding. In a fully optimized 3D-HEVC coder, VSO achieves average bit rate savings of 17%, while DMMs gain 6%in BD rate, even though the depth rate only contributes 10% to the overall MVD bit rate.
A Hybrid Control Framework for Large-Scale Battery Integration to the Power System for Stability Analysis - Paper. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Enhanced Risk of Wildfire Resulting from the Interactions between Pyro-Cumulus and Mountain Waves: Implications for Fire Research and Management (2014)

Abstract Not Provided