gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro cytotoxicity, protein binding, red blood cell partitioning, and biotransformation of oxaliplatin. (1993)

The in vitro cytotoxicity, protein binding, partitioning of platinum from whole blood into erythrocytes, its exchange back into plasma, and the in vitro biotransformation in plasma were studied for the new nonnephrotoxic platinum analogue oxaliplatin. The cytotoxicity studies were carried out against a panel of human tumor cell lines derived from carcinomas of the ovary (A2780, A2780/cp), bladder (TCCSUP, RT4), colon (HT-29), melanoma (SKMEL-2, HTB144), and glioma (U373MG and U87MG). The relative potency of the five platinum complexes was oxaliplatin = tetraplatin > cisplatin > iproplatin > carboplatin. Oxaliplatin was active against HT-29 and only minimally cross-resistant with cisplatin against A2780/cp. Both bladder carcinoma cell lines, both melanoma cell lines, and one of the two glioblastoma cell lines were resistant to both oxaliplatin and tetraplatin. The cytotoxicity profiles of the drug pairs oxaliplatin-tetraplatin and cisplatin-carboplatin showed statistically significant correlation by the Spearman rank correlation test. Oxaliplatin was similar to cisplatin and tetraplatin in protein binding; 85-88% of all platinum from oxaliplatin (5, 10, or 20 micrograms/ml) was bound to plasma proteins within the first 5 h with an average half-life of 1.71 +/- 0.06 h. When oxaliplatin was incubated in whole blood (5, 10, and 20 micrograms/ml), the erythrocytes took up 37.1 +/- 2.1% of the total platinum in 2 h (maximum uptake) which was not exchangeable into plasma. Thus the erythrocyte-bound fraction does not serve as a reservoir of drug. In plasma, oxaliplatin was unchanged at 0.5 h, but at 1 h, 30% of the total platinum in plasma was in a peak which had identical retention to that of (trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)dichloroplatinum(II), the major biotransformation product of tetraplatin. At 2 h, (trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)dichloroplatinum(II) and three other platinum-containing peaks were detected but no unchanged oxaliplatin. All the platinum eluted in a single peak near the solvent front at 4 h. The marked similarity in cytotoxicity between oxaliplatin and tetraplatin may be due to the formation of (trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)dichloroplatinum(II) in tissue culture media.
The FGF2 gene in a myopia animal model and human subjects. (2012)

We identified a significant change of FGF2 expression in the FDM eyes but FGF2 genetic variants are unlikely to influence susceptibility to myopia. There may be a systemic effect to influence gene expression and refraction on the fellow eyes, which may perturb emmetropization in the fellow eyes. Our data also suggest using normal eyes rather than the fellow eyes as the control eyes when study the form deprivation myopia.
Assessing the Durability of Engineered Cementitious Composites under Freezing and Thawing Cycles (2010)

This paper reports the durability performance of non-air-entrained engineered cementitious composites (ECC) when subjected to freezing and thawing cycles. ECC is a newly developed, high-performance, fiber-reinforced, cementitious composite with substantial benefits both in terms of high ductility under uniaxial tensile loading and improved durability due to intrinsically tight crack width of less than 100 μm. To evaluate the frost durability of ECC, freezing and thawing testing in accordance with ASTM C666 Procedure A was conducted. The mass loss, pulse velocity change, and flexural parameters (ultimate deflection and flexural strength) of specimens subjected to freezing and thawing cycles were determined in the test. In addition, air-void parameters, in accordance with ASTM C457, modified point count method, and pore size distribution obtained by mercury intrusion porosimetry technique were studied. To analyze the influence of micro-fibers and high tensile strain capacity on the freezing and thawing durability of ECC, all of the above-mentioned properties were also investigated for a control ECC matrix (ECC without fibers). After 210 cycles of freezing and thawing, the control ECC matrix specimens were severely deteriorated, requiring removal from the test, but still exhibited better performance than the conventional non-air-entrained concrete, which would fail at much earlier cycles. On the other hand, ECC with fibers without air-entrainment had excellent resistance to cycles of freezing and thawing with minimal reduction in ultimate tensile strength and ductility. The observed superior frost durability of ECC over control ECC matrix in terms of lower weight loss, pulse velocity change, and higher flexural load and ductility can be attributed to the following reasons: Increase of pore volume larger than approximately 0.30 μm in diameter, intrinsically high tensile ductility and strength due to the presence of micro-poly-vinyl-alcohol fibers.
Localized Attachment of Carbon Nanotubes in Microelectronic Structures (2009)

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are covalently modified by the monodiadozium salt of ethylene dianiline; further diazotation of the free amino group permits the selective attachment of these CNTs to the Si or Ti bottom of SiO2 trenches. The symmetrical electrografting of the bottom of the trenches, followed by the attachment of pristine CNTs, is also described.
Self-compensation for the axial velocity spread in a wiggler field (2002)

In order to obtain optimal performance from a free electron laser (FEL), the axial velocity spread on the electron beam must be small as it propagates through the wiggler field. Treated separately, both the wiggler-induced betatron motions and the self-induced space charge forces tend to increase the axial velocity spread and degrade the performance of the FEL. However, it has been shown analytically [B. Hafizi and C. W. Roberson, Phys. Plasmas 3, 2156 (1996)] that when both effects are treated self-consistently an equilibrium exists wherein the space charge forces exactly compensate for the betatron motion. This leads to the surprising result that for a continuous beam, increasing the beam current can improve the beam quality.
INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION: ANALOGUES AND ISOSTERES OF DDT (1955)

A number of isosteres of DDT and related compounds have been synthesized and examined for insecticidal activity using the grain‐weevil, locust and cotton stainer. A marked loss of activity follows replacement of the chlorine atoms of DDT by methyl and hydroxyl groups. In the nitroalkane series, the optimum structure for maximum toxicity was present in i:i‐di‐/&gt;‐chlorophenyl‐2‐nitropropane. The significance of these results has been reviewed in the light of current theories of DDT structure and activity. Many of the compounds expected to be toxic were found not to be so, and this inactivity can be attributed either to the initial hypotheses being invalid or to the operation of biological factors preventing concentration of the compound at the site of action.
Stable Cycling of Lithium Batteries Utilizing Iron Disulfide Nanoparticles (2021)

Of the many factors that control whether a battery chemistry is realistic or not, the harmony between the anode and cathode is of the upmost importance. To design a lithium-based battery that utilizes conversion chemistry, any optimization of the anode or cathode must not sacrifice the performance of the other electrode. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the application of synthesized FeS2 nanoparticles (npFeS2) as a cathode material specifically coupled with an optimized electrolyte for lithium metal cycling. Additionally, implementing a voltage-limited cycling protocol for this system produces a stable-cycling npFeS2–Li battery. Using a suite of spectroscopy and microscopy techniques, along with elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, we show that the FeS2 nanoparticles have the crystal structure of pyrite and contains less than 12 wt % ligand. Cycling of these nanoparticles in a lithium cell with a maximum charging voltage of 2.4 V shows a high average capacity of 421 mA h/g over 80 cycles. Furthermore, we show that uniform submicron FeS2 particles are essential for avoiding detrimental polysulfides, even with a 2.4 V limited charging voltage. Nanoparticle design, consideration of the electrolyte, and voltage conditions are the necessary steps for using FeS2 in practical energy-dense lithium batteries.
Potential therapeutic implications of IL-6/IL-6R/gp130-targeting agents in breast cancer (2016)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with known multiple functions in immune regulation, inflammation, and oncogenesis. Binding of IL-6 to the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) induces homodimerization and recruitment of glycoprotein 130 (gp130), which leads to activation of downstream signaling. Emerging evidence suggests that high levels of IL-6 are correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. IL-6 appears to play a critical role in the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells, renewal of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), and drug resistance of BCSCs, making anti-IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 therapies promising options for the treatment and prevention of breast cancers. However, preclinical and clinical studies of the applications of anti-IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 therapy in breast cancers are limited. In this review, we summarize the structures, preclinical and clinical studies, mechanisms of action of chemical and biological blockers that directly bind to IL-6, IL-6R, or gp130, and the potential clinical applications of these pharmacological agents as breast cancer therapies.
Notizen Brückenkopfazide, 4. Notiz zur Herstellung von Brückenkopfaminen durch Reduktion von Brückenkopfaziden (1982)

Bridgehead Azides, 4. — Note on the Preparation of Bridgehead Amines by Reduction of Bridgehead Azides Catalytic hydrogenation of readily available bridgehead azides gives high yields of the corresponding bridgehead amines.
Supplementary Data from SF2523: Dual PI3K/BRD4 Inhibitor Blocks Tumor Immunosuppression and Promotes Adaptive Immune Responses in Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;File contains Supplementary Methods and References&lt;/p&gt;
Device/circuit/architecture co-design of reliable STT-MRAM (2015)

Spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM), using magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) has garnered significant attention in the research community due to its immense potential for on-chip, high-density and non-volatile memory. However, process variations may significantly impact the achievable yield in STT-MRAM. To this end, several yield enhancement techniques that improve STT-MRAM failures at the bit-cell, and at the architecture level of design abstraction have been proposed in the literature. However, these techniques may lead to a suboptimal design because they do not consider the impact of design choices at every level of design abstraction. In this paper, we propose a unified device-circuit-architecture co-design framework to optimize and enhance the yield of STT-MRAM. We studied the interaction between device parameters (viz. energy barrier height) and bit-cell level parameters (viz. transistor width), together with different Error Correcting Codes (ECC) to optimize the robustness and energy efficiency of STT-MRAM cache. The advantages of our proposed approach to STT-MRAM design are explored at the 32nm technology node. We show that for a target yield of 500 Defects Per Million (DPM) for an example array with 64-bit word length, our proposed approach with realistic parameters can save up to 15% and 13% in cell area and total power consumption, respectively, in comparison with a design that does not use any array level yield enhancement technique.
Simulations of Air Slider Bearings With Realistic Gas-Surface Scattering (1998)

We have calculated the pressure distribution for an infinitely wide plane slider air bearing by using a particle-based direct simulation Monte Carlo method. These simulations include a sophisticated gas-surface scattering model and take measured accommodation coefficients as inputs. Our results are in good agreement with the molecular gas lubrication theory of Fukui and Kaneko for both glass and disk-drive surfaces.
Immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody detection of breast cancer in bone marrow: sensitivity in a model system. (1989)

We have previously shown that occult micrometastases can be detected in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients using a panel of epithelial specific monoclonal antibodies in an indirect immunofluorescent assay. The sensitivity of this assay has been examined using cells from an established human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) mixed with normal bone marrow at various dilutions from 400 cancer cells/10(6) marrow cells (400:10(6] to 10:10(6). MCF-7 cells were detected at the lowest concentration studied, namely 10:10(6). The number of fluorescent labeled MCF-7 cells counted at each concentration was related to the concentration by a simple nonlinear statistical model. At the concentration of 10:10(6), the model shows that this technique has the sensitivity to detect between two and four MCF-7 cells 95% of the time. Moreover, by extrapolation, the model predicts that even at the very low concentration of 2:10(6), there is a 95% chance of detecting one cancer cell. Therefore, this assay may be a very sensitive method for detecting cancer cells in the bone marrow in vivo.
Action of microbubbles when insonified: experimental evidence (2002)

Primary and secondary Bjerknes forces result from pressure gradients in the incident and scattered ultrasonic fields. These forces and their dependence on experimental parameters are described. Both primary and secondary Bjerknes forces are shown to have a significant effect on the flow of microbubbles through a small vessel during insonation. The primary Bjerknes force produces displacement of microspheres across a 100 micron vessel radius for a small transmitted acoustic power. The secondary Bjerknes force produces a reversible attraction and aggregation of microspheres with a significant attraction over a distance of approximately 100 microns. The magnitude of the secondary Bjerknes force is proportional to the inverse of the squared separation distance, and thus two aggregates accelerate as they approach one another.
Efficient Coordinated Recovery of Sparse Channels in Massive MIMO (2014)

This paper addresses the problem of estimating sparse channels in massive MIMO-OFDM systems. Most wireless channels are sparse in nature with large delay spread. In addition, these channels as observed by multiple antennas in a neighborhood have approximately common support. The sparsity and common support properties are attractive when it comes to the efficient estimation of large number of channels in massive MIMO systems. Moreover, to avoid pilot contamination and to achieve better spectral efficiency, it is important to use a small number of pilots. We present a novel channel estimation approach which utilizes the sparsity and common support properties to estimate sparse channels and requires a small number of pilots. Two algorithms based on this approach have been developed that perform Bayesian estimates of sparse channels even when the prior is non-Gaussian or unknown. Neighboring antennas share among each other their beliefs about the locations of active channel taps to perform estimation. The coordinated approach improves channel estimates and also reduces the required number of pilots. Further improvement is achieved by the data-aided version of the algorithm. Extensive simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithms.
Separately enhanced dual emissions of the amphiphilic derivative of 2-(2′-hydroxylphenyl) benzothiazole by supramolecular complexation (2018)

Here, we report separately enhanced dual emissions of the amphiphilic derivative of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (denoted as HBT-11) by supramolecular complexation with cyclodextrins (CDs). When dispersed in water, HBT-11 shows two relatively weak emission bands, which can be assigned to the emissions of enol- and keto-forms, the two tautomers, owing to excited-state intramolecular proton transfers. Upon the addition of α-CD and β-CD, the keto- and enol-emissions, respectively, are separately enhanced; the enhancement effect is due to the formation of HBT-11/α-CD and HBT-11/β-CD complexes through multiple hydrogen bonding and host-guest interactions, respectively. It is worth to note that the keto-emission caused by the complex of HBT-11/α-CD has a much shorter wavelength compared with that of the aggregates formed by pure HBT-11. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a study on keto-emission of the isolated HBT chromophore has been reported.
Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 66 Protein Kinase Is Required for Efficient Viral Growth in Primary Human Corneal Stromal Fibroblast Cells (2008)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame 66 (ORF66) encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that is not required for VZV growth in most cell types but is needed for efficient growth in T cells. The ORF66 kinase affects nuclear import and virion packaging of IE62, the major regulatory protein, and is known to regulate apoptosis in T cells. Here, we further examined the importance of ORF66 using VZV recombinants expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged functional and kinase-negative ORF66 proteins. VZV virions with truncated or kinase-inactivated ORF66 protein were marginally reduced for growth and progeny yields in MRC-5 fibroblasts but were severely growth and replication impaired in low-passage primary human corneal stromal fibroblasts (PCF). To determine if the growth impairment was due to ORF66 kinase regulation of IE62 nuclear import, recombinant VZVs that expressed IE62 with alanine residues at S686, the suspected target by which ORF66 kinase blocks IE62 nuclear import, were made. IE62 S686A expressed by the VZV recombinant remained nuclear throughout infection and was not packaged into virions. However, the mutant virus still replicated efficiently in PCF cells. We also show that inactivation of the ORF66 kinase resulted in only marginally increased levels of apoptosis in PCF cells, which could not fully account for the cell-specific growth requirement of ORF66 kinase. Thus, the unique short region VZV kinase has important cell-type-specific functions that are separate from those affecting IE62 and apoptosis.
290 CUGBP1 and HuR Regulate E-Cadherin Translation by Altering Recruitment of E-Cadherin mRNA to Processing Bodies During Total Parenteral Nutrition (2014)

Background: Histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors have been shown to suppress tumor growth in many cancers. HDAC class 1 regulates pancreatic cancer growth and resistance to cell death through a mechanism that involves NF-kB. We have developed a mouse model of pancreatic cancer induced by cigarette smoke. We hypothesized that HDAC-1 mediates progression of the disease induced by smoking and that inhibition of HDAC-1 will prevent both cancer cell survival and EMT/metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Pdx-Cre;LSLKras mice were exposed to filtered air or to cigarette smoke in smoke chambers for 6 weeks. A set of mice were injected with HDAC1 inhibitor SAHA (50mg/Kg) 5 times per week. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions, fibrosis, and inflammation weremeasured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Pancreas levels of proliferation, apoptosis, and EMT markers were measured by IHC andWestern. Pharmacological and molecular inhibitors of HDAC1 were applied in MIA PaCa-2 and AsPC-1 cell lines. Inhibition of Zeb1, a regulator of EMT, was achieved by using Zeb1 siRNA. EMT markers and transcription factors as well as proteins acetylation level were measured by Western. Cell survival and apoptosis in cells were measured by MTT assay and DNA fragmentation ELISA assay, respectively. Results: Mice exposed to cigarette smoke showed increased level of PanIN lesions, fibrosis, and inflammation. The three pro-cancer effects were prevented in mice exposed to HDAC-1 inhibitor SAHA. SAHA decreased the levels of PanIN lesions and fibrosis, not only to a level lower than in mice exposed to cigarette smoke, but also lower than in control mice exposed to filtered air. SAHA decreased the protein level of vimentin, zeb1, sox2 and CD133 and increased E-cadherin level in pancreatic tissue indicting that it prevented EMT and stemness. Pharmacological and molecular inhibitions of HDAC-1 also significantly and dose-dependently decreased proliferation and at a lesser extent stimulated apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Zeb1 siRNA decreased the level of vimentin and increased E-cadherin in pancreatic cancer cells. Conclusion: We found that smoking stimulates an increase in PanIN lesions through a mechanism that involves HDAC-1 in Kras transgenic mice. HDAC-1 not only affected proliferation of the cancer cells, but also EMT, which is involved in metastasis and cancer stemness. These data suggest an important role for HDAC-1 in pancreatic carcinogenesis.
Dynamic range enhancement in fiber Bragg grating sensors using a multimode laser diode (1999)

A signal processing scheme for fiber Bragg grating sensors based on the utilization of adjacent modes of a multimode laser diode light source is demonstrated which allows high sensitivity to be obtained over a large measurement range. For strain measurements, a range of 4800 μ/spl epsi/ is achieved with a resolution of 0.08 μ/spl epsi//Hz, yielding a dynamic range of 95 dB.
Differentiation of Acute Cortical and Subcortical Ischemic Stroke by Risk Factors and Clinical Examination Findings (1998)

There are clinical features that, in addition to initial examination, may help differentiate cortical from subcortical ischemic stroke. These features may be relevant to both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to acute stroke.
Hyaluronan Binding by Cell Surface CD44 (2000)

CD44 is the primary cell surface receptor for the extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan. Here we determined the relative avidities of unlabeled hyaluronan preparations for cell surface CD44 by their ability to block the binding of fluorescein-conjugated hyaluronan to a variety of cells. We show that hyaluronan binding at the cell surface is a complex interplay of multivalent binding events affected by the size of the multivalent hyaluronan ligand, the quantity and density of cell surface CD44, and the activation state of CD44 as determined by cell-specific factors and/or treatment with CD44-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb). Using low <i>M</i> <sub>r</sub> hyaluronan oligomers of defined sizes, we observed monovalent binding between 6 and 18 sugars. At ∼20 to ∼38 sugars, there was an increase in avidity (∼3×), suggesting that divalent binding was occurring. In the presence of the inducing mAb IRAWB14, monovalent binding avidity was similar to that of noninduced CD44, but beginning at ∼20 residues, there was a dramatic and progressive increase in avidity with increasing oligomer size (∼22 < 26 < 30 < 34 < 38 sugars). Kinetic studies of binding and dissociation of fluorescein-conjugated hyaluronan indicated that inducing mAb treatment had little effect on the binding kinetics, but dissociation from the cell surface was greatly delayed by inducing mAb.
40Ar/39Ar and K-Ar Geochronological Evidence for Two Periods (∼2 Ga and 650 to 500 Ma) of Emerald Formation in Brazil (1997)

40Ar/39Ar plateau ages and/or K-Ar ages have been obtained on the emerald deposits of Brazil. These include: Socotò (2104 ± 41 Ma), Carnaíba (2019 ± 40 Ma), Pirenòpolis (650 ± 2 Ma), Santa Terezinha (520 ± 2 Ma), Coqui (516 + 4 Ma), Capoeirana (509 ± 2 Ma), Pombos (502 ± 8 Ma), and Juca (490 ± 8 Ma). These ages reveal regionally coherent trends that are consistent with two periods of emerald formation in Brazil–∼2 Ga and between 650 and 500 Ma. The age of the Santa Terezinha deposit (520 ± 2 Ma), linked to a shear-zone system, helps define the metallogenic role (Be, Au, Sn) played by ductile-brittle shear-zone systems in the state of Goias and the economic importance of the Brasiliano tectonic event.