gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of mathematical and comparative slaughter methodologies for determination of heat production and energy retention in broilers (2020)

Understanding factors affecting ME availability for productive processes is an important step in optimal feed formulation. This study compared a modelling methodology with the comparative slaughter technique (CST) to estimate energy partitioning to heat production and energy retention (RE) and to investigate differences in heat dissipation. At hatch, 50 broilers were randomly allocated in one of 4 pens equipped with a precision feeding station. From day 14 to day 45, they were either fed with a low-ME (3,111 kcal/kg ME) or a high-ME (3,383 kcal/kg ME) diet. At day 19, birds were assigned to pair-feeding in groups of 6 with lead birds eating ad libitum (100%) and follow birds eating at either 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90% of the paired lead's cumulative feed intake. Heat production and RE were estimated by CST and with a nonlinear mixed model explaining daily ME intake (MEI) as a function of metabolic BW and average daily gain (ADG). The energy partitioning model predicted MEI = (145.10 + u) BW<sup>0.83</sup> + 1.09 × BW<sup>-0.18</sup> × ADG<sup>1.19</sup> + ε. The model underestimated heat production by 13.4% and overestimated RE by 22.8% compared with the CST. The model was not able to distinguish between net energy for gain values of the diets (1,448 ± 18.5 kcal/kg vs. 1,493 ± 18.0 kcal/kg for the low-ME and high-ME diet, respectively), whereas the CST found a 148 kcal/kg difference between the low-ME and high-ME diets (1,101 ± 22.5 kcal/kg vs. 1,249 ± 22.0 kcal/kg, respectively). The estimates of the net energy for gain values of the 2 diets decreased with increasing feed restriction. The heat increment of feeding did not differ between birds fed with the low- or high-ME diet (26% of MEI). Additional measurements on heat dissipation, physical activity, and immune status indicated that the energetic content of the diet and feed restriction affect some parameters (shank temperature, feeding station visits) but not others (leukocyte counts, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, and immune cell function).
Fat Distribution, Lipid Accumulation in the Liver, and Exercise Capacity Do Not Explain the Insulin Resistance in Healthy Males with a Family History for Type 2 Diabetes (2003)

To explore the mechanisms for the insulin resistance associated with a family history of type 2 diabetes, we studied 16 healthy men with at least two first-degree relatives with type 2 diabetes and 16 control subjects without known heredity. They were pair-wise matched for age, body mass index, and fasting triglycerides and underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, iv glucose infusion to measure the early insulin secretion, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, computed tomography scan, 7-d food record, and a cardiopulmonary exercise test to measure peak oxygen uptake. Insulin sensitivity index was 30% lower (P = 0.02) in relatives, compared with controls, but fasting and 2-h blood glucose and first-phase insulin secretion were similar. There were no differences in mean fasting free fatty acid levels, amount of sc or visceral adipose tissue, or fat accumulation in the liver. Dietary intake and peak oxygen uptake were also similar. However, multiple regression analysis of both groups showed that fat in the liver and physical capacity were, like known heredity for type 2 diabetes, independent predictors of insulin sensitivity. Thus, lipid accumulation in the liver and physical capacity are related to insulin sensitivity, but neither of these factors nor the amount and distribution of the body fat can explain the insulin resistance associated with a family history for type 2 diabetes.
Radiation of a Semi-rigid Cable Monopole Antenna Inserting into a 60GHz-band Oscillator Chip (2018)

In this paper, we propose the configuration inserted a semi-rigid cable monopole antenna into a 60GHz band oscillator chip for one of low-loss connection between a RF circuit and an antenna. The inner conductor is connected with a RF pad of the oscillator chip by a gold wire and the outer conductor inserted in the chip prevents leakage of an electromagnetic wave into silicon. We measure radiation power and radiation pattern. The measured radiation power is estimated to be 18.6 dBm by a reverberation chamber while he directly measured output power from the RF pad by a prober is in a range of -13.5dBm-12.0dBm. The designed and the measured patterns have good agreement. We confirm the radiation to the circuit side is small.
Two-wavelength laser interferometry using superheterodyne detection (1988)

In two-wavelength interferometry, synthetic wavelengths are generated in order to reduce the sensitivity or to extend the range of unambiguity for interferometric measurements. Here a novel optoelectronic technique, called superheterodyne detection, is presented, which permits measurement of the phase difference of two optical frequencies that cannot be resolved by direct optoelectronic heterodyne detection. This technique offers the possibility for operation of two-wavelength interferometry in real time with arbitrary synthetic wavelengths from micrometers to meters in length. Preliminary experimental results are reported. An optical arrangement for absolute range-finding applications using tunable-laser sources (e.g., semiconductor lasers) is proposed.
2-Aminopurine Inhibits the Double-Stranded RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Both In Vitro and In Vivo (1993)

The autophosphorylation of interferon (IFN)-induced double-stranded RNA-dependent p68 protein kinase (PKR) and phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of the translation initiation factor eIF-2 were inhibited by 10 mM 2-aminopurine in vitro. High concentrations of ATP overcame the inhibition. Kinetic studies indicated that 2-aminopurine is a competitive inhibitor with respect to ATP, suggesting that these two molecules bind the same site on the kinase. Treatment of HeLa cells with poly(I):poly(C) stimulated PKR autophosphorylation in vivo. The stimulated activity was inhibited by 10 mM 2-aminopurine to approximately the same extent as the in vitro inhibition.
Determination of Structural Layer Coefficient for Roadway Recycling Using Foamed Asphalt (2003)

In 2003, three Maine projects were selected for testing in order to determine the structural strength of foamed asphalt layers. The test plan consisted of conducting falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests, obtaining samples, and conducting laboratory tests on samples. The test results are listed in tables one through seven. It is recommended that a rational and effective pavement investigation system be developed to identify such sections (with large aggregates) properly and in time (well before construction), such that the mix design and construction can be done with good confidence and adequate performance can be expected from pavements with foamed asphalt treated full depth reclaimed mixes.
Towards an Integrative Understanding of Diet–Host–Gut Microbiome Interactions (2017)

Over the last 20 years a sizeable body of research has linked the microbiome and host diet to a remarkable diversity of diseases. Yet unifying principles of microbiome assembly or function, at levels required to rationally manipulate a specific individuals’ microbiome to their benefit, have not emerged. A key driver of both community composition and activity is the host diet, but diet-microbiome interactions cannot be characterised without consideration of host-diet interactions such as appetite and digestion. This becomes even more complex if health outcomes are to be explored, as microbes engage in multiple interactions and feedback pathways with the host. Here we review these interactions and set forth the need to build conceptual models of the diet-microbiome-host axes that draw out the key principles governing this system’s dynamics. We highlight how ‘units of response,’ characterisations of similarly behaving microbes, do not correlate consistently with microbial sequence relatedness, raising a challenge for relating high-throughput data sets to conceptual models. Furthermore, they are question-specific; responses to resource environment may be captured at higher taxonomic levels, but capturing microbial products that depend on networks of different interacting populations, such as SCFA production through anaerobic fermentation, can require consideration of the entire community. We posit that integrative approaches to teasing apart diet-microbe-host interactions will help bridge between experimental data sets and conceptual models, and will be of value in formulating predictive models.
Alpha Particle X‐Ray Spectrometer (APXS): Results from Gusev crater and calibration report (2006)

The chemical composition of rocks and soils on Mars analyzed during the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit Mission was determined by X‐ray analyses with the Alpha Particle X‐Ray Spectrometer (APXS). Details of the data analysis method and the instrument calibration are presented. Measurements performed on Mars to address geometry effects and background contributions are shown. Cross calibration measurements among several instrument sensors and sources are discussed. An unintentional swap of the two flight instruments is evaluated. New concentration data acquired during the first 470 sols of rover Spirit in Gusev Crater are presented. There are two geological regions, the Gusev plains and the Columbia Hills. The plains contain soils that are very similar to previous landing sites on Mars. A meteoritic component in the soil is identified. Rocks in the plains revealed thin weathering rinds. The underlying abraded rock was classified as primitive basalt. One of these rocks contained significant Br that is probably associated with vein‐filling material of different composition. One of the trenches showed large subsurface enrichments of Mg, S, and Br. Disturbed soils and rocks in the Columbia Hills revealed different elemental compositions. These rocks are significantly weathered and enriched in mobile elements, such as P, S, Cl, or Br. Even abraded rock surfaces have high Br concentrations. Thus, in contrast to the rocks and soils in the Gusev Plains, the Columbia Hills material shows more significant evidence of ancient aqueous alteration.
Hetropolyacid‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Glycerol into Lactic Acid under Mild Base‐Free Conditions (2015)

Lactic acid (LA) is a versatile platform molecule owing to the opportunity to transform this compound into useful chemicals and materials. Therefore, efficient production of LA based on inexpensive renewable feedstocks is of utmost importance for insuring its market availability. Herein, we report the efficient conversion of glycerol into LA catalyzed by heteropolyacids (HPAs) under mild base-free conditions. The catalytic performance of molecular HPAs appears to correlate with their redox potential and Brønsted acidity. Namely, H3 PMo(12)O(40) (HPMo) exhibits the best selectivity towards LA (90 %) with 88 % conversion of glycerol. Loading of HPMo onto a carbon support (HPMo/C) further improves LA productivity resulting in 94 % selectivity at 98 % conversion under optimized reaction conditions. The reaction takes place through the formation of dihydroxyacetone/glyceraldehyde and pyruvaldehyde as intermediates. No leaching of HPMo was observed under the applied reaction conditions and HPMo/C could be recycled 5 times without significant loss of activity.
I. Pneumococcal Infection: Update (2015)

小児用7価肺炎球菌結合型ワクチン（PCV7）の公費助成開始により，我が国のワクチン血清型による小児の侵襲性肺炎球菌感染症（invasive pneumococcal disease：IPD）は激減した．一方，非PCV7含有血清型による小児IPDが増加し，血清型置換が明確となった．結果的に，小児IPD罹患率は，PCV7導入前に比較して，2013年度までに57％減少した．さらに，65歳以上の高齢者におけるIPDの原因菌にも血清型置換が認められた．
An experimental and numerical study of periodic flow in a curved tube (1980)

Fully developed periodic flow (with non-zero mean) of a Newtonian fluid in a rigid curved tube has been investigated both numerically and experimentally. Results are reported for the mean friction factor, the amplitude ratio and phase angle between flow rate and pressure drop, the axial velocity profile, and the wall shear stress distribution. The numerical results (obtained by a finite difference method) are restricted to rather slow flows (mean Dean number $\tilde{Dn} &lt; 100 $ ), while the experimental results (extracted from instantaneous flow rate-pressure drop measurements) extend up to $\tilde{Dn} \sim 300 $ . A ‘resonant’ interaction between the axial and secondary flows at intermediate frequencies appears to be a characteristic feature of periodic flow in a curved tube.
Mice lacking GFAP are hypersensitive to traumatic cerebrospinal injury (1998)

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament protein expressed primarily in astrocytes. We have tested whether GFAP protects against mechanical stress by inducing percussive head injury in GFAP-null mice with a weight drop device. When mice were positioned on a foam bed which allowed head movement at impact, all 14 wild-type mice tested survived, but 12 of 15 GFAP-null mice died within a few minutes. The cause of death appeared to be upper cervical spinal cord injury resulting in respiratory arrest. When the foam bed was replaced by a firm support, both GFAP-null and wild-type mice survived. These results indicate that mice lacking GFAP are hypersensitive to cervical spinal cord injury caused by sudden acceleration of the head.
Repair Schemes with Optimal I/O Costs for Full-Length Reed-Solomon Codes with Two Parities (2018)

Network transfer and disk read constitute the two most time-consuming operations in the repair process for node failures in erasure-code-based distributed storage systems. Recent developments on Reed-Solomon codes have demonstrated repair schemes that achieve optimal network bandwidths in the recovery of single failures, although in certain cases at the expense of a trivially high I/O cost, a term referring to the number of disk reads performed in a repair scheme. We are interested in the lowest I/O cost a repair scheme can achieve for Reed-Solomon codes. We establish two repair schemes for a family of Reed-Solomon codes with two parities that achieve the optimal I/O cost.
Deep Adaptation of Adult-Child Facial Expressions by Fusing Landmark Features (2023)

Imaging of facial affects may be used to measure psychophysiological attributes of children through their adulthood for applications in education, healthcare, and entertainment, among others. Deep convolutional neural networks show promising results in classifying facial expressions of adults. However, classifier models trained with adult benchmark data are unsuitable for learning child expressions due to discrepancies in psychophysical development. Similarly, models trained with child data perform poorly in adult expression classification. We propose domain adaptation to concurrently align distributions of adult and child expressions in a shared latent space for robust classification of either domain. Furthermore, age variations in facial images are studied in age-invariant face recognition yet remain unleveraged in adult-child expression classification. We take inspiration from multiple fields and propose deep adaptive FACial Expressions fusing BEtaMix SElected Landmark Features (FACE-BE-SELF) for adult-child expression classification. For the first time in the literature, a mixture of Beta distributions is used to decompose and select facial features based on correlations with expression, domain, and identity factors. We evaluate FACE-BE-SELF using 5-fold cross validation for two pairs of adult-child data sets. Our proposed FACE-BE-SELF approach outperforms transfer learning and other baseline domain adaptation methods in aligning latent representations of adult and child expressions.
Automated categorisation of clinical incident reports using statistical text classification (2010)

This study demonstrates the feasibility of using text classification techniques to automatically categorise clinical incident reports.
Development of computer program for analyzing three-dimensional pressure field in pressure suppression system. (1985)

A computer program based on boundary element method (BEM) has been developed to solve three-dimensional Laplace equation. The program is capable of handling both bounded and open bounded problems and featured in a new integration scheme to increase numerical accuracy. Applications have been made to various hydrodynamic phenomena in BWR pressure suppression system. These are three-dimensional pressure distribution on pool boundary and frequency of an oscillating bubble in a limited pool respectively. Numerical results have been confirmed to agree well with either experiment or theory. In the course of applications, the present program proved to be an efficient tool particularly for a class of problems where boundary integral form is possible in mathematical formulation. Computation time required in BEM has been 1/7 of that in FEM for a typical problem.
Workplace safety symbols : (1980)

Although written signs are a common means of conveying safety information in the workplace, pictographic symbols can be a more effective way of providing the same information. Symbols are independent of a particular written language, and can be more accurately and rapidly perceived than the comparable word message. Despite the many advantages of safety symbols, they can be ineffective or even dangerous if the intended meaning is not accurately communicated. As a result, there is a great need for careful evaluation, consistent application, and eventual standardization for safety symbols.
Stereotomography (2008)

Abstract Stereotomography was proposed 10years ago for estimating velocity macromodels from seismic reflection data. Initially, the goal was to retain the advantages of standard traveltime tomography while providing an alternative to difficult interpretive traveltime picking. Stereotomography relies on the concept of locally coherent events characterized by their local slopes in the prestack data cube. Currently, stereotomography has been developed in two and three dimensions, and precious experience has been gained. The expected advantages have been demonstrated fully (in particular, the efficiency and reliability of the semiautomatic stereotomographic picking strategies), and further studies have increased the method's potential and flexibility. For example, stereotomographic picking can now be done in either the prestack or poststack domain, in either the time (migrated or unmigrated) or depth domain. It appears that the theoretical frame of stereotomography can reconcile, very satisfactorily and efficiently, most methods proposed for velocity-macromodel estimation for depth imaging. Moreover, an extension of the method to full-waveform inversion already exists and opens the way for very interesting developments.
Intestinal secretion of indoxyl sulfate as a possible compensatory excretion pathway in chronic kidney disease (2018)

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a protein-bound uremic toxin that progressively accumulates in plasma during chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its accumulation is associated with the progression of CKD. This study examined the intestinal secretion of IS using in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion in a rat model of renal insufficiency, MRP2- and BCRP-overexpressing Sf9 membrane vesicles, and Caco-2 cell monolayers. An in situ single-pass perfusion study in CKD model rats demonstrated that a small amount of IS is secreted into intestinal lumen after iv administration of IS, and the clearance increased AUC-dependently. An excess amount of IS (3 mm) partially inhibited the MRP2- and BCRP-mediated uptake of specific fluorescent substrates, CDCF and Lucifer yellow, respectively, into the membrane vesicles, although IS was not taken up at a physiological concentration, 10 μm. In the Caco-2 cell monolayers, the IS transport was higher in the absorptive direction than in the secretory direction (p < 0.05). p-Aminohippuric acid (PAH) strongly inhibited IS transport in both directions (absorptive, p = 0.142; secretory, p < 0.01). Given that the blood IS levels are much higher than those in the intestinal lumen, it is possible that this unknown PAH-sensitive system contributes to the intestinal IS secretion. Although in situ inhibition study is needed to confirm that this unknown transporter mediates the in vivo intestinal secretion of IS, we speculate that this unknown active efflux system works as a compensatory excretion pathway for excess organic anions such as IS especially in end-stage renal disease.
Cerium oxide nanoparticles inhibit differentiation of neural stem cells (2017)

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) display antioxidant properties and have shown cytoprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we explored the effects of nanoceria on neural progenitor cells using the C17.2 murine cell line as a model. First, we assessed the effects of nanoceria versus samarium (Sm) doped nanoceria on cell viability in the presence of the prooxidant, DMNQ. Both particles were taken up by cells and nanoceria, but not Sm-doped nanoceria, elicited a temporary cytoprotective effect upon exposure to DMNQ. Next, we employed RNA sequencing to explore the transcriptional responses induced by nanoceria or Sm-doped nanoceria during neuronal differentiation. Detailed computational analyses showed that nanoceria altered pathways and networks relevant for neuronal development, leading us to hypothesize that nanoceria inhibits neuronal differentiation, and that nanoceria and Sm-doped nanoceria both interfere with cytoskeletal organization. We confirmed that nanoceria reduced neuron specific β3-tubulin expression, a marker of neuronal differentiation, and GFAP, a neuroglial marker. Furthermore, using super-resolution microscopy approaches, we could show that both particles interfered with cytoskeletal organization and altered the structure of neural growth cones. Taken together, these results reveal that nanoceria may impact on neuronal differentiation, suggesting that nanoceria could pose a developmental neurotoxicity hazard.
Ratiometric Phosphorescence Imaging of Hg(II) in Living Cells Based on a Neutral Iridium(III) Complex (2011)

In this work, a neutral iridium(III) complex [Ir(bt)(2)(acac)] (Hbt = 2-phenylbenzothiazole; Hacac = acetylacetone) has been realized as a Hg(II)-selective sensor through UV-vis absorption, phosphorescence emission, and electrochemical measurements and was further developed as a phosphorescent agent for monitoring intracellular Hg(II). Upon addition of Hg(II) to a solution of [Ir(bt)(2)(acac)], a noticeable spectral blue shift in both absorption and phosphorescent emission bands was measured. (1)H NMR spectroscopic titration experiments indicated that coordination of Hg(II) to the complex induces fast decomposition of [Ir(bt)(2)(acac)] to form a new complex, which is responsible for the significant variations in optical and electrochemical signals. Importantly, cell imaging experiments have shown that [Ir(bt)(2)(acac)] is membrane permeable and can be used to monitor the changes in Hg(II) levels within cells in a ratiometric phosphorescence mode.
Feasibility study of fiducial marker localization using microwave radar (2021)

We demonstrated that the 2-6 GHz radar can penetrate through the attenuating tissues and localize a fiducial marker. This successful feasibility study establishes a foundation for further investigation of radar technology as a non-ionizing tumor localization device for radiotherapy.