gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COALA-A Minicomputer CAI System (1977)

This paper describes a computer-based learning project developed under the auspices of the Educational Technology Unit of the Victoria Institute of Colleges (Australia). Specifically, the project has developed a computer-based learning system for an introductory electrical engineering network theory course, making use of a standard, commercially available disk-based minicomputer system with graphics display terminals. The software developed for the system consists of 1) a course comprising frames of learning material with which the student interacts; 2) general student response evaluation facilities; 3) a semiautomatic means of authoring specific learning frames incorporating textual and graphical display; and 4) a supervisory system which interfaces the student with the learning material and student-aid facilities, monitors his progress, and guides him through the course.
Data from Targeted Axl Inhibition Primes Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells to Apoptosis and Shows Synergistic/Additive Effects in Combination with BTK Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable disease despite aggressive therapeutic approaches. We previously found that Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) plays a critical role in CLL B-cell survival. Here, we explored the possibility of using a high-affinity Axl inhibitor as a single agent or in combination with Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors for future clinical trial to treat patients with CLL.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Expression/activation status of other members of the TAM (e.g., Tyro3, Axl, and MER) family of RTKs in CLL B cells was evaluated. Cells were treated with a high-affinity orally bioavailable Axl inhibitor TP-0903 with or without the presence of CLL bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Inhibitory effects of TP-0903 on the Axl signaling pathway were also evaluated in CLL B cells. Finally, cells were exposed to TP-0903 in combination with BTK inhibitors to determine any synergistic/additive effects of the combination.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; CLL B cells overexpress Tyro3, but not MER. Of interest, Tyro3 remains as constitutively phosphorylated and forms a complex with Axl in CLL B cells. TP-0903 induces massive apoptosis in CLL B cells with LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of nanomolar ranges. Importantly, CLL BMSCs could not protect the leukemic B cells from TP-0903–induced apoptosis. A marked reduction of the antiapoptotic proteins Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and XIAP and upregulation of the proapoptotic protein BIM in CLL B cells was detected as a result of Axl inhibition. Finally, combination of TP-0903 with BTK inhibitors augments CLL B-cell apoptosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Administration of TP-0903 either as a single agent or in combination with BTK inhibitors may be effective in treating patients with CLL. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(9); 2115–26. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A matrix representation to increase the resolution of a Region of Interest (ROI) for medical images (2007)

Diagnostic quality medical images consume vast amounts of network time, system bandwidth and disk storage in current computer architectures. There are many ways in which the use of system and network resources may be optimised without compromising quality of diagnostic image. One of these is in the choice of image representation, both for storage and transfer. In this paper, we show how a particularly flexible method of image representation can lead to an efficient progressive image transmission method. We present the application of a progressive transmission scheme to medical images, and provide some examples of image refinement in a multi-scale fashion. A matrix approach for the entire multiresolution decomposition of images is also presented. Moreover, we prove that thumbnail images created by a multiscale orthogonal decomposition can be optimally interpolated in a minimum square 2-norm sense, based on a generalised Moore-Penrose inverse operator. These interpolators are the minimum energy interpolators which satisfy the undetermined matrix equation in the multiresolution framework. In addition, we present examples of region of interest (ROI) enhancement in which a user selects a square ROI on a low resolution interpolated image.
Interleukin-10 is Differentially Expressed in the Small Intestine and the Colon Experiencing Chronic Inflammation and Ulcerative Colitis Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate in Young Pigs (2017)

Intestinal inflammation induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is used to study acute or chronic ulcerative colitis in animal models. Decreased gut tissue anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 concentration and mRNA abundance are associated with the development of chronic bowel inflammation. Twelve piglets of 3 days old were fitted with an intragastric catheter and randomly allocated into control and DSS groups by administrating either sterile saline or 1.25 g of DSS/kg body weight (BW) in saline per day, respectively, for 10 days. Growth rate and food conversion efficiency were reduced (p<0.05) in the DSS piglets compared with the control group. Quantitative histopathological grading of inflammation in the jejunum and colon collectively showed that the DSS treatment resulted in 12 fold greater (p<0.05) inflammation severity scoring in the colon than in the jejunum, indicative of chronic ulcerative colitis in the colon. Upper gut permeability endpoint was 27.4 fold higher (p<0.05) in the DSS group compared with the control group. The DSS group had higher concentrations and mRNA abundances (p<0.05) of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in the jejunal and colonic tissues compared with the control group. Colonic concentration and mRNA abundance of IL-10 were reduced (p<0.05), however, jejunal IL-10 mRNA abundance was increased (p<0.05) in the DSS group compared with the control group. In conclusion, administration of DSS at 1.25 g/kg BW for 10 days respectively induced acute inflammation in the jejunum and chronic inflammation and ulcerative colitis in the colon with substantially decreased colonic concentration and mRNA abundance of IL-10 in the young pigs, mimicking the IL-10 expression pattern in humans Associated with chronic bowel inflammation.
Estimating time since infection in early homogeneous HIV-1 samples using a poisson model (2010)

When the underlying assumptions of our model (homogeneous infection prior to selection and fast exponential growth) are met, we are under a very particular scenario for which we can use a forward approach (instead of backwards in time as provided by coalescent methods). This allows for more computationally efficient methods to derive the time since the most recent common ancestor. Furthermore, the tool performs statistical tests on the Hamming distance frequency distribution, and outputs summary statistics (mean of the best fitting Poisson distribution, goodness of fit p-value, etc). The tool runs within minutes and can readily accommodate the tens of thousands of sequences generated through new ultradeep pyrosequencing technologies. The tool is available on the LANL website.
Spectroscopic Studies of Ruthenium(II) Complexes. Assignment of the Luminescence (1968)

Absorption and emission spectra of nine (4d)6 ruthenium(II) complexes dissolved in rigid glasses are reported. Tris(bipyridine), tris(o-phenanthroline), bis(tripyridine), and a series of cis-substituted bis(bipyridine) complexes of ruthenium(II) were synthesized. The cis substituents were cyanide, ethylenediamine, pyridine, oxalate, and chloride chosen for their order in the spectrochemical series. On the basis of the structures of the emission spectra, their energy relationships with charge-transfer absorption bands, and the lack of correlation between the energies of emission and predictions from crystal-field theory, it is proposed that the intense luminescence observed from all the complexes under excitation by ultraviolet light is charge transfer in nature.
Mutant p53 proteins counteract autophagic mechanism sensitizing cancer cells to mTOR inhibition (2016)

Mutations in TP53 gene play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and cancer development. Here, we report that gain-of-function mutant p53 proteins inhibit the autophagic pathway favoring antiapoptotic effects as well as proliferation of pancreas and breast cancer cells. We found that mutant p53 significantly counteracts the formation of autophagic vesicles and their fusion with lysosomes throughout the repression of some key autophagy-related proteins and enzymes as BECN1 (and P-BECN1), DRAM1, ATG12, SESN1/2 and P-AMPK with the concomitant stimulation of mTOR signaling. As a paradigm of this mechanism, we show that atg12 gene repression was mediated by the recruitment of the p50 NF-κB/mutant p53 protein complex onto the atg12 promoter. Either mutant p53 or p50 NF-κB depletion downregulates atg12 gene expression. We further correlated the low expression levels of autophagic genes (atg12, becn1, sesn1, and dram1) with a reduced relapse free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) of breast cancer patients carrying TP53 gene mutations conferring a prognostic value to this mutant p53-and autophagy-related signature. Interestingly, the mutant p53-driven mTOR stimulation sensitized cancer cells to the treatment with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. All these results reveal a novel mechanism through which mutant p53 proteins promote cancer cell proliferation with the concomitant inhibition of autophagy.
Differential regulation of the growth hormone receptor gene: effects of dexamethasone and estradiol. (1996)

GH receptor (GHR) expression differs during development between central and peripheral tissues. Peripheral GHR expression is known to be sensitive to gonadal and adrenal steroids, but little is known about their effects on GHR in the central nervous system. We have now studied the effects of estradiol (E2) or dexamethasone on GHR expression in rat arcuate nucleus (ARC) and hippocampus, using quantitative in situ hybridization. Dexamethasone, which strongly down-regulates hepatic GHR expression, had no effect on central GHR transcript abundance, whereas E2 treatment, which stimulates hepatic GHR expression, significantly reduced ARC GHR messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. E2 also increased somatostatin (SS) expression significantly in both ARC and periventricular nuclei but did not reduce ARC GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) mRNA levels. Ovariectomy stimulated GHR and GHRH mRNA levels in the ARC, whereas it lowered ARC SS expression. E2 replacement in ovariectomized animals restored GHRH and SS mRNA levels to control values. Hippocampal GHR mRNA transcripts showed the same response to these endocrine manipulations as seen in the ARC. The induction of hepatic GHR expression by E2 is known to involve the transcription of an alternate 5' untranslated first exon, GHR1. This was readily detectable in the liver using a specific GHR1 probe but could not be detected in any CNS area. Our results show that GHR expression in the CNS is sensitive to regulation by peripheral steroids but that CNS and hepatic expression of GHR is differentially regulated by the same treatments.
Anterior pituitary gland modulates the release of atrial natriuretic peptides from cardiac atria. (1987)

Myocytes in the atria contain a prohormone that gives rise to atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP), which have intrinsic hemodynamic regulatory activity. Little is known about mechanisms regulating ANP release. In rats with indwelling catheters, acute blood volume expansion with 5% (wt/vol) dextrose increases the amount of circulating immunoreactive ANP by a factor of 2-3, as determined by radioimmunoassay. Pithing, which both removes neurogenic influences and interrupts humoral influences of the brain and pituitary gland on the heart, completely blocked stimulus-induced release of ANP. Because our studies using pharmacological blockade of the autonomic nervous system had suggested that neurogenic mechanisms do not play a major role in ANP release, we sought a humoral mechanism involved in ANP secretion. Basal and stimulated release of ANP were significantly blunted in hypophysectomized rats (8 days after operation) but were completely restored when the resected anterior pituitary was reimplanted under the kidney capsule. This suggests that hormones of anterior pituitary origin are required for ANP secretion in response to acute volume loading.
Endoglin is a component of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptor complex of human pre-B leukemic cells (1996)

Endoglin was first identified on a cell line derived from pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This 180-kDa homodimeric glycoprotein was then shown to be primarily expressed on endothelial cells and to bind the beta 1 and beta 3 isoforms of TGF-beta with high affinity. We now demonstrate that pre-B leukemic cells express a functional TGF-beta 1 receptor complex. The levels of mRNA for these receptors and for TGF-beta 1 were quantitated by PCR. HOON, G2, and NALM-6 cell lines express similar levels of mRNA for TGF-beta 1 and for TGF-beta receptor I (R-I) and receptor II (R-II). HOON cells express ten times more endoglin than G2 and NALM-6 cells, whereas all three cell lines have low levels of betaglycan relative to other cell types. The receptors were identified by affinity labeling with 125I-labeled TGF-beta 1, chemical cross-linking, and specific immunoprecipitation. Endoglin, R-II, and R-I were co-precipitated by Abs to either endoglin or R-II, indicating that these proteins are forming a receptor complex on leukemic cells; no betaglycan could be immunoprecipitated. The receptor complex is functional, as demonstrated by inhibition of proliferation of HOON cells (80%) and NALM-6 cells (60%) with 25 pM TGF-beta 1. Furthermore, the motility of HOON and NALM-6 cells on immobilized fibronectin, which appears to be alpha 4 beta 1-integrin mediated, was stimulated two- to threefold by TGF-beta 1. These results suggest that active TGF-beta 1 produced in the bone marrow microenvironment might stimulate the motility of normal pre-B cells and the peripheral dissemination of leukemic pre-B cells.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Amidoximes with Chloroacetyl Chloride. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of PHEX endopeptidase catalytic activity: identification of parathyroid-hormone-related peptide107–139 as a substrate and osteocalcin, PPi and phosphate as inhibitors (2001)

Mutations in the PHEX gene (phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome) are responsible for X-linked hypophosphataemia, and studies in the Hyp mouse model of the human disease implicate the gene product in the regulation of renal phosphate (P(i)) reabsorption and bone mineralization. Although the mechanism for PHEX action is unknown, structural homologies with members of the M13 family of endopeptidases suggest a function for PHEX protein in the activation or degradation of peptide factors involved in the control of renal P(i) transport and matrix mineralization. To determine whether PHEX has endopeptidase activity, we generated a recombinant soluble, secreted form of human PHEX (secPHEX) and tested the activity of the purified protein with several peptide substrates, including a variety of bone-related peptides. We found that parathyroid-hormone-related peptide(107-139) is a substrate for secPHEX and that the enzyme cleaves at three positions within the peptide, all located at the N-terminus of aspartate residues. Furthermore, we show that osteocalcin, PP(i) and P(i), all of which are abundant in bone, are inhibitors of secPHEX activity. Inhibition of secPHEX activity by osteocalcin was abolished in the presence of Ca(2+). We suggest that PHEX activity and mineralization may be controlled in vivo by PP(i)/P(i) and Ca(2+) and, in the latter case, the regulation requires the participation of osteocalcin.
Analysis of particle size distribution changes between three measurement sites in Northern Scandinavia (2013)

Measured aerosol size distributions from three measurement stations and modeled air mass trajectory data were combined to study aerosol dynamics in the boreal forest zone in Northern Scandinavia. Three approaches were used: investigation of new particle formation events, analysis of air masses arriving from ocean to continent, and study of changes in the aerosol size distributions when air masses travel from one measurement site to another. The statistical analysis of air masses travelling either from the Atlantic Ocean to measurement sites or from one site to another showed that on average the condensational growth was present during the summer season, and it was not restricted only to the days when evident new particle formation was observed. The rate of this average apparent growth of particle diameter was 3-7 times smaller than the growth rate of nucleation mode particles during the new particle formation events.
ADAMTS13-binding IgG are present in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (2006)

Functional assays are commonly used to measure the antibodies of ADAMTS13 found in patients of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). In this study we used an enzyme-linked immunoassay to analyze the ADAMTS13-binding IgG levels in six groups of individuals: normal, random hospitalized patients, acute TTP, TTP after receiving plasma therapy, TTP in remission, and other types of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). The results showed that ADAMTS13-binding IgG levels were elevated in 100% of the acute TTP group, 75% of the TTP group after receiving plasma therapy, and 40% of the remission group. Overall, the ADAMTS13-binding IgG levels correlated with the inhibitory activity levels againstADAMTS13 (r = -0.69, P < 0.0001). The assay also detected elevated IgG binding levels in 5% - 15% of the normal, random, and other TMA control groups. Addition of purified ADAMTS13 protein to the plasma samples suppressed the IgG binding in each of the acute TTP patients, but in none of the non-TTP groups. Serial measurement in a patient that had two exacerbations of TTP within the first three weeks revealed that the ADAMTS13 activity levels remained <0.1 U/ml during this period, and the ADAMTS13-binding IgG remained elevated, suggesting that ADAMTS13 analysis may provide valuable insight to the disease status during the course of therapy. Analysis of ADAMTS13-binding IgG is helpful for the diagnosis and management of TTP.
Molecular characterization of Fusarium isolates from Ethiopia (2006)

The taxonomy of Fusarium species has been controversial. The controversy surrounding the morphology-based classification, as well as the limitations and advantages of the various tools used to circumvent this problem are discussed as an introduction to the research presented in this thesis. Emphasis in this case was on the F. oxysporum species complex. The body of the research focuses on Fusarium species in Ethiopian agriculture about which little has been published. Results from this study suggest that F. oxysporum and F. solani are the two species most commonly isolated from agricultural soils and plant tissues from Ethiopia. The Ethiopian F. solani isolates were further characterized using AFLPs which showed that these isolates group into two separate clusters. Additional characterization using EF-1á sequence analyses showed that all these isolates belong to one of the three clades previously designated for the F. solani-Nectria haematococca species complex. Nine SSR markers were developed for studying the F. oxysporum complex. These markers are highly polymorphic and should be useful for many different population genetic studies of the F. oxysporum species complex. Ethiopian F. oxysporum isolates, and F. oxysporum isolates obtained from other fungal collections, were characterized using AFLPs, SSRs and DNA sequence analyses. These studies resolved the isolates into three concordant groups that corresponded to the three clades of F. oxysporum previously designated for this species complex. Most of the Ethiopian isolates grouped in one of these three clades. This and the high degree of AFLP- and SSR-based genetic similarity observed among the Ethiopian isolates suggested that these isolates are largely clonal. In addition, a PCR-based diagnostic was developed to allow for the accurate differentiation between F. oxysporum and F. redolens which has proved to be difficult using morphological characters. The studies presented in this thesis contribute to a better understanding of Fusarium species commonly found in Ethiopia. Clearly, there is much that will still need to be done. The research presented in this thesis establishes a foundation for other studies and also provides a stimulus for further studies of these important fungi in Ethiopia. Copyright 2006, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Bogale, MA 2006, Molecular characterization of Fusarium isolates from Ethiopia, PhD thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd &lt; http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11072006-172206 / &gt; D87/ag
Helium-film-induced retrapping transition in the two-dimensional electron system above an uneven solid-hydrogen surface (1993)

A detailed theoretical analysis of the conductivity of surface electrons above a thin liquid-helium film covering an uneven solid-hydrogen surface is presented. The pronounced conductivity anomaly which is observed during the growth of the helium film is shown to originate from a strong coupling of the electrons to the roughness of the underlying hydrogen substrate. The observed conductivity anomalies (dip and peak) can be explained quantitatively by a retrapping structural transition within the disordered system of localized charges. We have measured the effects of varying electron density and discuss the influence of electronic correlation on the conductivity.
Atténuateur Actif pour les Applications en Bande D réalisé en technologie BiCMOS 55 nm (2015)

National audience
A study on the frequency dynamics of the ENTSO-E grid with increasing share of renewable generation (2021)

The influence on frequency dynamics of centralized and decentralized approaches to achieve desired penetration levels of converter-interfaced generation (CIG) in the ENTSO-E initial dynamic model of Continental Europe is investigated in this paper. Simulation studies are also carried out to determine the effect that the particular set of synchronous generators to be displaced may have on system frequency response. Furthermore, the contribution of CIG equipped with additional control functions to mitigate frequency stability issues and enhance system dynamics is also analysed. All the simulation studies are carried out with the test power system implemented in DIgSILENT PowerFactory and a task automation script in Python.