gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A DUF1068 protein acts as a pectin biosynthesis scaffold and maintains Golgi morphology and cell adhesion in Arabidopsis (2021)

ABSTRACT Adjacent plant cells are connected by specialized cell wall regions, called middle lamellae, which influence critical agricultural characteristics, including fruit ripening and organ abscission. Middle lamellae are enriched in pectin polysaccharides, specifically homogalacturonan (HG). Here, we identify a plant-specific Arabidopsis DUF1068 protein, called NKS1, that is required for middle lamellae integrity and cell adhesion. NKS1 localises to the Golgi apparatus and loss of the protein results in changes to Golgi structure and function. The nks1 mutants also display HG deficient phenotypes, including reduced seedling growth, changes to cell wall composition, and tissue integrity defects. These phenotypes are identical to those of the HG deficient mutants qua1 and qua2 . Notably, NKS1 physically interacts with both QUA1 and QUA2, and genetic interaction analyses reveal that they work in the same pathway. Based on these results we propose that NKS1 works as a scaffold for HG synthesis and that such scaffolding is important to support Golgi function and the organization of the pectin synthesis machinery.
Effect of Crystal Plane Orientation on Protrusion Formation during Sputter-Etching of SUS410 Stainless Steel (2017)

Argon ion sputter etching was applied to SUS410 stainless steel at a radio frequency power of 250 W for 1.8 ks to 21.6 ks. When the sputter etching time is 1.8 ks, pillars with diameters smaller than 1 μm are formed perpendicular to the surface of the steel. With increasing sputter etching time, cone-shaped protrusions are formed around the root of the pillars, and the base diameter of the protrusions increases to more than 20 μm at a sputter etching time of 14.4 ks. When the sputter etching time is 21.6 ks, the surface of the protrusions is heavily damaged. An EDX analysis reveals that the Cr content of the pillar is larger than that of the matrix. In addition, an EBSD analysis shows that the protrusions are formed preferentially on the grain surface with {110} plane where the atomic density and sputtering yield are larger than {100} and {111} planes. These facts suggest that the (Cr, Fe)23C6 carbides that are precipitated near the surface of the {110} plane grow more stably as the pillars perpendicular to the plane without being removed by sputtering, i.e. higher temperature, higher temperature gradient and vacancy-density gradient than those of the other planes seem to have promoted the stable growth of pillars by fast diffusion of Cr and C from interior of the grain to the bottom of pillars. The successive diffusion of Cr and C to protrusion surface should be the reason for the stable growth of cone-shaped protrusions even after the sputter shrinkage of the pillars.
An Efficient Synthesis of 2,4‐Substituted [1,8]Naphthyridines from 3‐(2‐Amino‐5‐methylpyridin‐3‐yl)‐1‐arylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐ones. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide with no ionic halides in solution (2016)

We efficiently obtain 10 wt% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solutions by direct synthesis without using ionic bromide promoters.
Update on vegetable lecithin and phospholipid technologies (2008)

Abstract This paper reviews the production technologies for sourcing lecithins from the oil‐bearing seeds soybean, rapeseed and sunflower kernel. The phospholipid composition is measured by newly developed HPLC‐LSD and 31 P‐NMR methods. The phospholipid compositions of the three types of lecithin show small differences, while the fatty acid composition is largely equivalent to the oil source. Regulatory specifications (FAO/WHO, EU, FCC) and DGF and AOCS analytical methods for product quality are compiled. Phospholipid modifications by enzymatic hydrolysis, solvent fractionation, acetylating and hydroxylation processes result in lecithins with specific enhanced hydrophilicity and oil‐in‐water emulsifying properties. New available phospholipase and lipase enzymes represent opportunities for the esterification of phospholipids with special omega fatty acids and serine groups. Application characteristics are given for use in yellow fat spreads, baked goods, chocolate, agglomerated instant powders, liposome encapsulation, animal feed, food supplements and pharmaceutics.
An Intelligent Power and Energy Management System for Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Hybrid electric vehicles powered by fuel cells and batteries have attracted significant attention as they have the potential to eliminate emissions from the transport sector. However, fuel cells and batteries have several operational challenges, which require a power and energy management system (PEMS) to achieve optimal performance. Most of the existing PEMS methods are based on either predefined rules or prediction that are not adaptive to real-time driving conditions and may give solutions that are far from the actual optimal solution for a new drive cycle. Therefore, in this paper, an intelligent PEMS using reinforcement learning is presented, that can autonomously learn the optimal policy in real time through interaction with the onboard hybrid power system. This PEMS is implemented and tested on the simulation model of the onboard hybrid power system. The propulsion load is represented by the new European drive cycle. The results indicate that the PEMS algorithm is able to improve the lifetime of batteries and efficiency of the power system through minimizing the variation of the state of charge of battery.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of FR901464. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Automated localization of costophrenic recesses and costophrenic angle measurement on frontal chest radiographs (2013)

Computer aided detection (CAD) of tuberculosis (TB) on chest radiographs (CXR) is difficult because the disease has varied manifestations, like opacification, hilar elevation, and pleural effusions. We have developed a CAD research prototype for TB (CAD4TB v1.08, Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Nijmegen, The Netherlands) which is trained to detect textural abnormalities inside unobscured lung fields. If the only abnormality visible on a CXR would be a blunt costophrenic angle, caused by pleural fluid in the costophrenic recess, this is likely to be missed by texture analysis in the lung fields. The goal of this work is therefore to detect the presence of blunt costophrenic (CP) angles caused by pleural effusion on chest radiographs. The CP angle is the angle formed by the hemidiaphragm and the chest wall. We define the intersection point of both as the CP angle point. We first detect the CP angle point automatically from a lung field segmentation by finding the foreground pixel of each lung with maximum y location. Patches are extracted around the CP angle point and boundary tracing is performed to detect 10 consecutive pixels along the hemidiaphragm and the chest wall and derive the CP angle from these. We evaluate the method on a data set of 250 normal CXRs, 200 CXRs with only one or two blunt CP angles and 200 CXRs with one or two blunt CP angles but also other abnormalities. For these three groups, the CP angle location and angle measurements were accurate in 91%, 88%, and 92% of all the cases, respectively. The average CP angles for the three groups are indeed different with 71.6&deg; &plusmn; 22.9, 87.5&deg; &plusmn; 25.7, and 87.7&deg; &plusmn; 25.3, respectively.
Recent Advances in Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols and Amines to Imines (2015)

Imines as valuable intermediates are widely applied in pharmaceutical syntheses and organic transformation. However, the traditional imine synthesis involves unstable aldehydes, dehydrating agents, and Lewis acid catalysts. The topic of this review is focused on three new approaches, namely, the cross-coupling of alcohols with amines, the self-coupling of primary amines, and the oxidative dehydrogenation of secondary amines, utilizing much more readily available starting materials and green oxidant (O2/air) to furnish the imine products. The related catalysts are classified into metal, metal-free, photo-, and bioinspired catalysts. Particular emphasis is placed on the high-activity, low-cost, and versatile catalysts; key factors that affect the catalytic activity and reaction mechanisms are also highlighted.
The Design and Development of a Multi-HBV Antigen Encoded in Chimpanzee Adenoviral and Modified Vaccinia Ankara Viral Vectors; A Novel Therapeutic Vaccine Strategy against HBV (2020)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects 257 million people globally. Current therapies suppress HBV but viral rebound occurs on cessation of therapy; novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required. To develop a therapeutic HBV vaccine that can induce high magnitude T cells to all major HBV antigens, we have developed a novel HBV vaccine using chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd) and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) viral vectors encoding multiple HBV antigens. ChAd vaccine alone generated very high magnitude HBV specific T cell responses to all HBV major antigens. The inclusion of a shark Invariant (SIi) chain genetic adjuvant significantly enhanced the magnitude of T-cells against HBV antigens. Compared to ChAd alone vaccination, ChAd-prime followed by MVA-boost vaccination further enhanced the magnitude and breadth of the vaccine induced T cell response. Intra-cellular cytokine staining study showed that HBV specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were polyfunctional, producing combinations of IFNγ, TNF-α, and IL-2. In summary, we have generated genetically adjuvanted ChAd and MVA vectored HBV vaccines with the potential to induce high-magnitude T cell responses through a prime-boost therapeutic vaccination approach. These pre-clinical studies pave the way for new studies of HBV therapeutic vaccination in humans with chronic hepatitis B infection.
DESCRIPTION AND TESTING OF AN APPARATUS SHOWING FROST DEPTH IN SOIL BY VARIATIONS OF COLORING (FRENCH) (1967)

DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF AN APPARATUS DEVELOPED AT THE LABORATOIRE DE AEROTHERMIQUE DU CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE. IT CONSISTS OF A HOLLOW TUBE FILLED WITH A POROUS MEDIUM, SATURATED WITH A FLUORESCENT DYE, PLACED IN A VERTICAL SHEATH SUNK IN THE GROUND, THE COLOUR OF THE FROZEN SECTION BEING DIFFERENT FROM THAT OF THE UN- FROZEN ONE. A FIRST PROTOTYPE WAS FILLED WITH SAND, A SECOND CONTAINED CRUSHED GLASS OF A COARSER GRADING. LABORATORY TESTS WERE CARRIED OUT AND RESULTS ARE PRESENTED. /LCPC/RRL/
The EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database (2004)

The EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/embl), maintained at the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) near Cambridge, UK, is a comprehensive collection of nucleotide sequences and annotation from available public sources. The database is part of an international collaboration with DDBJ (Japan) and GenBank (USA). Data are exchanged daily between the collaborating institutes to achieve swift synchrony. Webin is the preferred tool for individual submissions of nucleotide sequences, including Third Party Annotation (TPA) and alignments. Automated procedures are provided for submissions from large-scale sequencing projects and data from the European Patent Office. New and updated data records are distributed daily and the whole EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database is released four times a year. Access to the sequence data is provided via ftp and several WWW interfaces. With the web-based Sequence Retrieval System (SRS) it is also possible to link nucleotide data to other specialist molecular biology databases maintained at the EBI. Other tools are available for sequence similarity searching (e.g. FASTA and BLAST). Changes over the past year include the removal of the sequence length limit, the launch of the EMBLCDSs dataset, extension of the Sequence Version Archive functionality and the revision of quality rules for TPA data.
Contraceptive implants (1994)

Available contraceptive implants appeal to women of diverse cultural and socioeconomic background because they offer long-term contraception, safety, effectiveness, reversibility and lack of estrogenic side-effects. Experience with Norplant I indicates that despite some side-effects the continuation rate is the highest for any reversible method of contraception. Disruption of the menstrual cycle is the main reason for discontinuation, hence research effort needs to focus on the mechanism of progestogen-induced endometrial bleeding and appropriate therapy. Implant service programs should have trained and skilled personnel who can provide adequate counseling that complements any public education effort and also provides effective services. Because contraceptive implants offer no protection against sexually transmitted infections, those who engage in high-risk sexual behavior should be encouraged to use condoms as well.
Reduced effect of chemotherapy of strongyloidiasis in patients with concurrent HTLV-I infection in Okinawa, Japan. (1992)

The effect of concurrent HTLV-I infection on the efficacy of anti-Strongyloides chemotherapy has been tested in a prognostic study on 96 patients with uncomplicated strongyloidiasis. The efficacy of treatment with pyrvinium pamoate and thiabendazole was found to be significantly low in the HTLV-I seropositive patients, as compared to that in the seronegative group. The cure rates in the HTLV-I seropositive patients, when assessed by both faecal examination and serological testing, were only 8.6% for pyrvinium pamoate treatment and 35.0% for thiabendazole treatment. On the other hand, the cure rates were 31.3% for pyrvinium pamoate treatment and 57.1% for thiabendazole treatment in the seronegative group.Although antibody response against Strongyloides did not decrease among the HTLVI seropositive patients, the total serum IgE levels, as well as eosinophil counts in peripheral blood, were relatively low in the seropositive group. Abnormal lymphocytes were demonstrated in 38.5% of the patients with concurrent HTLV-I infection. The presence of abnormal lymphocytes, however, appeared not to correlate with the therapeutic efficacy. A possible connection between the poor efficacy and depressed immune responses provided by the concurrent HTLV-I infection is discussed. The low efficacy in the HTLV-I seropositive patients also provides a causal explanation for the significant accumulation of patients with concurrent HTLV-I infection in Okinawa.
An activating mutation of GNB1 is associated with resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in ETV6-ABL1-positive leukemia (2017)

Leukemias harboring the ETV6-ABL1 fusion represent a rare subset of hematological malignancies with unfavorable outcomes. The constitutively active chimeric Etv6-Abl1 tyrosine kinase can be specifically inhibited by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Although TKIs represent an important therapeutic tool, so far, the mechanism underlying the potential TKI resistance in ETV6-ABL1-positive malignancies has not been studied in detail. To address this issue, we established a TKI-resistant ETV6-ABL1-positive leukemic cell line through long-term exposure to imatinib. ETV6-ABL1-dependent mechanisms (including fusion gene/protein mutation, amplification, enhanced expression or phosphorylation) and increased TKI efflux were excluded as potential causes of resistance. We showed that TKI effectively inhibited the Etv6-Abl1 kinase activity in resistant cells, and using short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated silencing, we confirmed that the resistant cells became independent from the ETV6-ABL1 oncogene. Through analysis of the genomic and proteomic profiles of resistant cells, we identified an acquired mutation in the GNB1 gene, K89M, as the most likely cause of the resistance. We showed that cells harboring mutated GNB1 were capable of restoring signaling through the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, whose activation is inhibited by TKI. This alternative GNB1<sup>K89M</sup>-mediated pro-survival signaling rendered ETV6-ABL1-positive leukemic cells resistant to TKI therapy. The mechanism of TKI resistance is independent of the targeted chimeric kinase and thus is potentially relevant not only to ETV6-ABL1-positive leukemias but also to a wider spectrum of malignancies treated by kinase inhibitors.
Noninvasive Evaluation of a Novel Swine Model of Renal Artery Stenosis (1999)

Intrarenal hemodynamics and excretory function distal to renal artery stenosis are difficult to quantify noninvasively. In this study, a swine model of chronic unilateral renal artery stenosis, achieved by implantation of an intravascular device that leads to a gradual and progressive luminal area narrowing, was developed and evaluated. Bilateral cortical and medullary volumes, blood flows, and segmental tubular dynamics were assessed in the intact kidneys of seven pigs using electron-beam computerized tomography before and 1 mo after implantation of the device. Within 1 mo, a 66% angiographic stenosis was significantly correlated with a 25% increase in BP. The volume and blood flow were markedly lower in the stenotic compared with the contralateral kidney and cortex, while the medulla exhibited minimal changes. In the stenotic kidney, intratubular contrast content has decreased in all nephron segments, especially in the distal tubule, where it correlated with an increase in serum creatinine and stenosis severity. In the contralateral kidney, dilution of proximal tubular fluid correlated with the increase in BP, likely due to pressure-natriuresis. In conclusion, the swine model closely resembles human renovascular hypertension. In the stenotic kidney, the hemodynamic impairment of the cortex is dissociated from the relatively preserved renal medulla, and the earliest effect on excretory function is observed in the distal nephron, where the fall in the amount of fluid reaching that segment is directly proportional to the renal arterial compromise. Electron-beam computerized tomography shows promise to noninvasively quantify, follow-up, and study changes in concurrent, in vivo intrarenal hemodynamics and segmental tubular function in renovascular hypertension.
Pseudostationary Ion‐Exchange Phases (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Micelles and Surfactants as Pseudostationary Phases Soluble Polymers as Pseudostationary Phases Cyclodextrins as Pseudostationary Phases Other Ion Exchange Pseudostationary Phases Conclusions References
Dominantly inherited drusen of Bruch's membrane. (1970)

Hyaline bodies may be found in the optic disc and in several parts of the retina as a non- specific finding (Wolter, 1959). The term drusen ("colloid bodies") is usually reserved for large hyaline bodies of the optic disc and Bruch's membrane.
Unit Cell Polarizability and Sheet Impedance Extraction in Aperiodic Environments (2022)

A technique for the extraction of the polarizability of a particle or equivalent sheet impedance of printed circuit elements in aperiodic metasurface environments is presented. The technique does not rely on local periodic assumptions that are commonly made in metasurface sheet impedance extraction techniques. Instead, the local electric field and induced surface current on each of the homogenized sheet impedance elements in the aperiodic array is extracted from a solved linear system representing the electromagnetics problem. The ratio of local electric field to induced surface current density defines the element impedance in the true aperiodic environment. This impedance is used to find a printed circuit element which generates the same current when excited by the local electric field. Geometrical parameters are varied until agreement between the homogenized sheet impedance and the printed circuit element is observed. An example of an aperiodic 10-element metasurface is provided.
Gelfoam and Autologous Clot Embolization: Effect on Coagulation (1978)

An episode of disseminated intravascular coagulation following therapeutic gelfoam embolization to control bleeding from esophageal varices in a patient with liver disease is presented. We have since followed 13 patients prospectively (six control and seven gelfoam/autologous clot) to determine the effect of this procedure on clotting. We were unable to show significant differences between the two groups as measured by the prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen and platelet count. However, fibrin (ogen) degradation products were significantly elevated (p less than .01) in the gelfoam/autologous clot group. We suspect this occurred secondary to clot lysis at the site of embolization. No subsequent bleeding diathesis attributable to this abnormality occurred in any of the patients.
Learning information extraction patterns from examples (1995)

A growing population of users want to extract a growing variety of information from on-line texts. Unfortunately, current information extraction systems typically require experts to hand-build dictionaries of extraction patterns for each new type of information to be extracted. This paper presents a system that can learn dictionaries of extraction patterns directly from user-provided examples of texts and events to be extracted from them. The system, called LIEP, learns patterns that recognize relationships between key constituents based on local syntax. Sets of patterns learned by LIEP for a sample extraction task perform nearly at the level of a hand-built dictionary of patterns. 1 Introduction Although significant progress has been made on information extraction systems in recent years (for instance through the MUC conferences [MUC, 1992; MUC, 1993]), coding the knowledge these systems need to extract new kinds of information and events is an arduous and time-consuming process [Ril...