gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On a Parametric Measure of Vagueness (2022)

In the application of fuzzy sets, the greatest uncertainty appears when the membership grade in a fuzzy set is equal to the membership grade in the complement of this fuzzy set. That is, the membership grade is equal to the value of the fixed point ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\nu$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) of the underlying complement (negation) operator. The fixed point of the standard Zadeh negation is 0.5. In fuzzy set theory, the complement of a fuzzy set can be defined using a strong complement (negation) operator that differs from the standard Zadeh negation. In this case, the fixed point of the strong complement (negation) operator is not necessarily 0.5. In this short paper, we present the concept of a parametric fuzziness measure called the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\nu$</tex-math></inline-formula> -maximal vagueness measure. This new measure may be regarded as a generalized fuzziness measure. Here, we present an operator system-dependent kernel, which we call the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\nu$</tex-math></inline-formula> -maximal vagueness entropy, and using this, we construct a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\nu$</tex-math></inline-formula> -maximal vagueness measure. The proposed vagueness entropy is based on a common generator function of a strict triangular norm and a strong negation operator. The <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\nu$</tex-math></inline-formula> -maximal vagueness entropy is flexible and operator-dependent, and it can be readily adapted to a continuous-valued logical system. Furthermore, the parameter <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\nu$</tex-math></inline-formula> has a clear semantic meaning.
The RONSARD Radars: A Versatile C-Band Dual Doppler Facility (1979)

In this paper, the authors describe a system of two Doppler radars (the RONSARD system) operated for the study of precipitating clouds (fronts and convective storms). In a first part, emphasis is placed on the system requirements concerning both transportability and flexibility, due to the wide range of atmosphere phenomena to be observed. These requirements lead to an original implementation of the aerial, to a special design of the receiving chain (dual-polarization capability, wide dynamic range, absolute selfcalibration capability) and to the implementation of real-time digital subsystems (amplitude and phase memory, ground clutter cancellor, Fourier transform processor, ambiguous velocity corrector, and a spectrum moment computer). The second part is devoted to a brief review of the scientific programs involving the RONSARD system and to the presentation of some preliminary results.
Efficient organic electroluminescent devices using single-layer doped polymer thin films with bipolar carrier transport abilities (1997)

Detailed studies of electroluminescent devices made from single-layer doped polymer blend thin films having bipolar carrier transport abilities are presented. The active organic layer consists of the hole-transport polymer poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) containing dispersed electron-transport molecules, as well as different fluorescent small molecules or polymers as emitting centers to vary the emission color. Both the photoluminescence and electroluminescence (EL) properties are extensively studied. In photoluminescence, very efficient transfer of energy can occur from the host to very dilute (/spl sim/1 wt.%) amounts of emitting materials. When covered with a metal layer, the intensity of photoluminescence from blend thin films was found to be dependent on the type of metal coverage. The optical and electrical properties of materials and devices were systematically studied to understand the operating mechanisms and to optimize the devices. In EL, excitons appear to be formed at doped emitting centers, rather than in the host. We show that in an optimized device, a relatively high external quantum efficiency (>1%, backside emission only) and a low operating voltage (<10 V for over 100 cd/m/sup 2/) can be easily achieved by this class of devices. It was also found air-stable Ag is as good as reactive Mg-Ag alloy for the cathode contact in devices using PVK containing dispersed electron-transport oxadiazole molecules.
Magnetic surfactants as molecular based-magnets with spin glass-like properties (2016)

This paper reports the use of muon spin relaxation spectroscopy to study how the aggregation behavior of magnetic surfactants containing lanthanide counterions may be exploited to create spin glass-like materials. Surfactants provide a unique approach to building in randomness, frustration and competing interactions into magnetic materials without requiring a lattice of ordered magnetic species or intervening ligands and elements. We demonstrate that this magnetic behavior may also be manipulated via formation of micelles rather than simple dilution, as well as via design of surfactant molecular architecture. This somewhat unexpected result indicates the potential of using novel magnetic surfactants for the generation and tuning of molecular magnets.
Spin polarized tunneling at room temperature in a Heusler compound-a non-oxide material with a large negative magnetoresistance effect in low magnetic fields (2003)

Summary form only given. Materials which display large changes in resistivity in response to an applied magnetic field (magnetoresistance) are currently of great interest due to their potential for applications in magnetic sensors, magnetic random access memories, and spintronics-a new kind of electronics based on spin instead of charge. Although ferromagnetic manganites show colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effects around their Curie temperature, the low field and nearly temperature independent magnetoresistance properties important for spintronics are found only at low temperatures. Guided by striking features in the electronic structure of several magnetic compounds, we prepared the Heusler compound Co/sub 2/Cr/sub 0.6/Fe/sub 0.4/Al. Based on our band structure calculations, we have chosen this composition in order to obtain a ferromagnetic half metal with a van Hove singularity in the vicinity of the Fermi energy in the majority spin channel and a gap in the minority spin channel. We find evidence for spin polarized transport at room temperature, showing up in a magnetoresistive effect of 35% in a small magnetic field of 0.1 Tesla. This demonstrates the feasibility of developing spintronics at room temperature based on intermetallic compounds.
MAGIC detection of Geminga: an Inverse Compton tail? (2021)

We report the detection of pulsed emission from the Geminga pulsar (PSR J0633+1746) with the MAGIC Telescopes. After the Crab and Vela pulsars, Geminga is the third one detected in the very high energy domain, and its estimated age of ~340 ky makes it the oldest one. The spectrum derived by MAGIC extends from ~15 GeV to 75 GeV and can be well modeled with a simple, soft power-law function. For energies below 40 GeV it overlaps with Fermi-LAT measurements. Joint fits to MAGIC and Fermi-LAT data disfavour the existence of a sub-exponential cut-off in this energy range. Our results are discussed in the framework of the outer gap accelerator model. Such power-law emission can be interpreted as the transition from curvature radiation to inverse Compton (IC) scattering of charges accelerated in the northern outer gap. The IC component is expected to continue towards higher energies. The model fails to fit the overall shape of the spectrum, indicating that a major review is required. The MAGIC Telescopes are two IACTs on the Canary Island of La Palma. In recent years they have significantly improved their performance below 100 GeV with the introduction of a novel trigger system, the Sum-Trigger-II, which halves the energy threshold of the system.
Single-Frequency Tunable Fiber Ring Laser Based on Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier and Double Filters (2005)

We have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a single-longitudinal-mode tunable fiber ring laser based on an erbium-doped waveguide amplifier (EDWA) and two filters composed of a Fabry–Perot laser diode and a fiber Fabry–Perot filter. The side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of &gt;32.6 dB/0.05 nm and the output power of &gt;1.4 dBm over a wide tuning range from 1525.22 to 1565.45 nm in steps of 1.11 nm have been achieved for this ring laser. The power fluctuation of &lt;0.1 dB and central wavelength variation of &lt;0.01 nm also can be obtained.
All-Optical Ultra-High-Speed OFDM to Nyquist-WDM Conversion Based on Complete Optical Fourier Transformation (2015)

We propose a novel all-optical ultra-high-speed orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) to Nyquist wavelength-division multiplexing (Nyquist-WDM) conversion scheme, achieved by exchanging the temporal and spectral profiles using a complete optical Fourier transformation (OFT). This scheme enables high-speed OFDM to Nyquist-WDM conversion without complex optical/electrical/optical conversion. The all-optical OFDM transmitter is based on the generation of OFDM symbols with a low duty cycle by rectangular temporal gating, which in combination with optical time-division multiplexing yields a higher symbol-rate OFDM signal. In the receiver, the converted Nyquist-WDM super-channel is WDM demultiplexed into individual Nyquist-WDM channels using a rectangular optical bandpass filter, followed by optical sampling at the intersymbol-interference free point. In the experimental demonstration, a single-polarization 8-subcarrier 640 Gb/s differential phase-shift keying OFDM super-channel with a spectral efficiency (SE) of 0.8 symbol/s/Hz is generated. The OFDM super-channel is then converted to eight 80-Gb/s Nyquist-WDM channels by complete OFT. The complete OFT is based on two quadratic phase-modulation stages using four-wave mixing, separated by a dispersive medium. In the receiver, a BER <; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> is obtained for all channels. The SE remains unchanged after conversion.
A physiological measure of shifting connections in the Rana pipiens retinotectal system. (1986)

The retinotectal connections of developing Rana tadpoles and froglets have been studied using light-pipe techniques to directly assay the pattern of the projection from the retina to the tectum. The projection site of the retina surrounding the optic nerve head was determined at two different stages of development (late larval and metamorphic frog) on the same animal. Small electrolytic marker lesions were used to mark the tectal sites to which the optic nerve head projected at these two times. Comparison of the positions of the two lesions gives a direct measure of the shift in the projection during the interlesion time interval of one week. The results indicate a shift in the projection of 275 micron week-1 in late larval life. Previous work in Xenopus using the light-pipe techniques indicated a qualitatively similar shift during equivalent stages of development, but significantly smaller in magnitude. In the present study, topographic postsynaptic units could be recorded at all stages investigated, indicating functional synapses between the optic nerve fibres and the tectum. Thus, these studies offer evidence of a significant shift in the functional connection pattern of the amphibian retinotectal map during development, in agreement with the recent anatomical data from other laboratories on the Rana and goldfish visual system.
The dissolution of lignite in ionic liquids (2012)

A Xianfeng lignite (XL) was dissolved in a series of ionic liquids (ILs) at 200 °C. It was found that the anions of the imidazolium-based ILs are one significant factor to affect the extraction yield of XL and the chemical characteristics of extracts obtained from ILs extraction. The dissolution of ILs to lignite is related to the destructive ability of ILs to hydrogen bonds widely existing in lignite. The analyses of residues by in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT) indicate that the nature of ILs has a significant effect on the disruption of hydrogen bonds existing in lignite. The effective extraction of lignite results from the fracture of the hydrogen bonding network in lignite during lignite dissolving in ILs. Ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride [Bmim]Cl can dissociate significantly almost all of hydrogen bonds existing in lignite.
Responses to World Oil and Coal Shocks, in a Short‐Run Fuel Substitution Tax Model (1989)

Abstract This article examines effects on major Australian macroeconomic and structural variables of simultaneous shocks to world oil and black coal prices. The illustrative numerical results have been produced with the short‐run fuel substitution tax model, ORANI‐LFT. The current version of that model reflects the Australian Governmet's pre‐1988 oil regulatory framework, and the simulations reported in this study reflect the recent switch from significant dependence on crude oil levy revenue to petroleum products excise revenue. Empirical results show that combined world oil and coal price shocks lead to substantially different effects than would occur from an oil shock alone. A major implication of this, for a small open economy such as Australia, is that particular attention has to be paid to the interdependence of world energy market, both when analysing the effects of such shocks and when formulating appropriate macroeconomic and energy policy responses. It is also pointed out how the model could be modified for investigating effects under deregulated oil market regimes.
Image registration by minimization of residual complexity (2009)

Accurate definition of similarity measure is a key component in image registration. Most commonly used intensity-based similarity measures rely on the assumptions of independence and stationarity of the intensities from pixel to pixel. Such measures cannot capture the complex interactions among the pixel intensities, and often result in less satisfactory registration performances, especially in the presence of nonstationary intensity distortions. We propose a novel similarity measure that accounts for intensity non-stationarities and complex spatially-varying intensity distortions. We derive the similarity measure by analytically solving for the intensity correction field and its adaptive regularization. The final measure can be interpreted as one that favors a registration with minimum compression complexity of the residual image between the two registered images. This measure produces accurate registration results on both artificial and real-world problems that we have tested, whereas many other state-of-the-art similarity measures have failed to do so.
The Power of an Idea: The International Impacts of the Grand Challenges for Engineering (2016)

Since the dawn of civilization, advances in the fields of engineering, science, and technology have played an indispensable role in shaping humans’ social and economic development. Now people face a host of global challenges that must be addressed through long-term and innovative education, research, and engineering solutions. Recognizing the growing importance of these problems, a select group of experts in 2008 identified the Grand Challenges for Engineering. The idea of naming the specific problems to be addressed for global benefit caught on immediately and has been picking up speed ever since. Among other initiatives, two very successful Global Grand Challenges Summits have been jointly convened by the US National Academy of Engineering (NAE), UK Royal Academy of Engineering (RAE), and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE). Rarely has an idea captured the imagination of a profession, policymakers, and the general public as rapidly and forcefully as the Grand Challenges for Engineering.
An Inter-Comparison of Instruments Measuring Black Carbon Content of Soot Particles (2007)

Inter-comparison studies of well-characterized fractal soot particles were conducted using the following four instruments: Aerosol Mass Spectrometer-Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (AMS-SMPS), Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2), Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP), and Photoacoustic Spectrometer (PAS). These instruments provided measurements of the refractory mass (AMS-SMPS), incandescent mass (SP2) and optically absorbing mass (MAAP and PAS). The particles studied were in the mobility diameter range from 150 nm to 460 nm and were generated by controlled flames with fuel equivalence ratios ranging between 2.3 and 3.5. The effect of organic coatings (oleic acid and anthracene) on the instrument measurements was determined. For uncoated soot particles, the mass measurements by the AMSSMPS, SP2, and PAS instruments were in agreement to within 15%, while the MAAP measurement of optically-absorbing mass was higher byapprox. 50%. Thin organic coatings (approx. 10 nm) did not affect the instrument readings.Athicker (approx. 50 nm) oleic acid coating likewise did not affect the instrument readings. The thicker ( approx. 60 nm) anthracene coating did not affect the readings provided by the AMS-SMPS or SP2 instruments but increased the reading of the MAAP instrument by approx. 20% and the reading of the PAS by approx. 65%. The response of each instrument to the different particle types is discussed in terms of particle morphology and coating material.
Automatic indexing of French handwritten census registers for probate geneaology (2011)

This paper describes the complete indexing process of the registers of a French census dating back to more than a hundred years, from image analysis to the integration into the information system, in the context of probate genealogy. The documents of interest are composed of a table of personal information in which the cells containing the first name, the surname and the relation to head of household must be extracted and recognized. More than 30 millions of cells were processed and their content either directly integrated into the information system or sent to keyers for manual validation, allowing an automation rate at 80% while keeping the error rate below 15% on average. Based on this project, we have started the development of a generic platform for table-based historical documents processing including new functionalities and a more generic and user-friendly table model definition interface.
EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS OF ACOMYS AND OTHER MURIDS (RODENTIA, MAMMALIA) BASED ON COMPLETE 12S rRNA MITOCHONDRIAL GENE SEQUENCES (2013)

ABSTRACT Complete rRNA sequences of the mitochondrial 12S gene have been determined for addressing the evolutionary relationships of the spiny mouse (Acomys) with murine, cricetine, and gerbilline muroid rodents. Distance and parsimony analyses have been applied to different kinds of changes (transversions, transitions, gaps). The phylogenetic results suggest that Acomys and Uranomys do not belong to Murinae (a clade containing Mus and Rattus) because Cricetinae (the hamsters Mesocricetus and Cricetulus) appear more related to Murinae than either is to Acomys or Uranomys. Furthermore, Gerbillinae (represented by Tatera and Gerbillus) appear to be an outgroup to the clade comprising Murinae+Cricetinae+Acomys+Uranomys. This result, which is in agreement with immunological data and interpretations, is seriously at odds with traditional systematics based on comparative morphoanatomy. The 12S rRNA sequences give partial support to recent interpretations of Acomys relationships based on nonrepeated DNA/DNA hybr...
Virtual medical research mentoring (2023)

Our accessible-distributed model of virtual international medical research collaboration and multi-level mentoring is viable and efficient and caters to the needs of contemporary healthcare. Others should consider building similar models to improve medical research mentoring globally.
Spatial organization of genes as a component of regulated expression (2010)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/85743/1/Pai-Engelke-2010.pdf
BGP accept-own-nexthop community attribute (2017)

Various Service chain techniques utilize a Controller to inject Border
Gateway Protocol (BGP) Virtual Private Network (VPN) routes to help
steer traffic through a given path. The Controller does so by
controlling how these VPN routes are imported into various Virtual
Routing and Forwarding (VRF) tables at routers along the desired path.
A couple of such approaches are specified in [I-D.ietf-bess-service-
chaining]. These approaches rely on the Controller modifying the Route
Target (RT) list and next-hop of a VPN route received from a
downstream router and redistributing these modified routes to upstream
routers. This is done such that - o routes originated by an ingress
VRF at the downstream router are imported into the egress VRF at the
immediately preceding upstream router and o next-hop advertised to the
upstream router is the address of the immediately succeeding
downstream router. This forces the traffic to flow through a sequence
of network functions creating a service chain. This works fine as long
as the VRF importing the route received from the Controller is on a
different router than the VRF that originally exported the route to
the Controller. This is because BGP protocol [RFC4271] specifies that
a router reject routes received with its own next-hop. This document
proposes a new community the reception of which relaxes this
particular rule in the BGP protocol standard and describes at least
one way of how next-hops of such routes could be resolved.
Substrate specificity of fucosyl transferase III: An efficient synthesis of sialyl Lewis<sup>x</sup>-, sialyl Lewis<sup>a</sup>-derivatives and mimetics thereof (2000)

Fucosyl transferase III (FucT III) has previously been characterized as the most general enzyme of the FucT family, as judged from its ability to catalyze the transfer of fucose to both Galβ(1-3)GlcNAc and Galβ(1-4)GlcNAc. In order to explore the synthetic potential of FucT III for the enzymatic synthesis of sialyl Lewisx and sialyl Lewisa derivatives, its substrate specificity has been probed using a number of natural substrate mimetics. A remarkable range of acceptor substrates was found when N-acetyl glucosamine was replaced by D-glucal, (R,R)-1,2-cyclohexanediol and (R,R)-butan-2,3-diol. Although the reaction rates were low compared to the reaction with the natural substrates, they proved to be sufficient for the synthesis of preparative amounts.Key words: fucosyl transferase III, sialyl Lewisa, sialyl Lewisx, carbohydrate mimetics.