gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A toolbox for easily calibrating omnidirectional cameras (2006)

In this paper, we present a novel technique for calibrating central omnidirectional cameras. The proposed procedure is very fast and completely automatic, as the user is only asked to collect a few images of a checker board, and click on its corner points. In contrast with previous approaches, this technique does not use any specific model of the omnidirectional sensor. It only assumes that the imaging function can be described by a Taylor series expansion whose coefficients are estimated by solving a four-step least-squares linear minimization problem, followed by a non-linear refinement based on the maximum likelihood criterion. To validate the proposed technique, and evaluate its performance, we apply the calibration on both simulated and real data. Moreover, we show the calibration accuracy by projecting the color information of a calibrated camera on real 3D points extracted by a 3D sick laser range finder. Finally, we provide a Toolbox which implements the proposed calibration procedure.
Comment: New kind of microstrip antenna: the monopolarwire patch antenna (1994)

The monopole wire patch antenna is described as a new invention. It is, in fact, a member of a well known family of monopole variants, well known and much used in the aircraft antenna industry. Some of the early development work was done by Seeley in the late 1950s. The antenna had also been developed by Willoughby and was the subject of UK patents.
Test Rig for Applied Experimental Investigations of the Thermal Contact Resistance at the Blade-Rotor-Connection in a Steam Turbine (2018)

Recent studies have shown that in a prewarming, respectively, warm-keeping operation of a steam turbine, the blades and vanes transport most of the heat to the thick-walled casing and rotor. Thereby, a thermal bottle-neck arises at the connection between the blade root and the rotor. The thermal contact resistance (TCR) at these interfaces affects the temperature distribution and thus the thermal stresses in the rotor. The present paper introduces an experimental setup, which is designed to quantify the TCR at the blade-rotor-connection of a steam turbine. An uncertainty analysis is presented, which proves that the average measurement uncertainties are less than one percent. The experiments especially focus on the investigation of the contact pressure, which is a function of the rotational speed. Therefore, the results of several steady-state measurements under atmospheric and evacuated atmosphere using a high temperature-resistant chromium-molybdenum steel are presented. For the evaluation of the TCR, a numerical model of the specimen is developed in addition to a simplified 1D approach. The results show a significantly increasing TCR with decreasing contact pressure, respectively, rotational speed.
Endoscopic clipping versus injection and thermo-coagulation in the treatment of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis (2007)

Successful application of hemoclips is superior to injection alone but comparable to thermocoagulation in producing definitive hemostasis. There was no difference in all-cause mortality irrespective of the modalities of endoscopic treatment.
Spin flop in a spin glass (1979)

Alloys in the system Ni.95 S Fe exhibit uniaxial anisotropy which is similar in magnitude to the exchange. Ni.95 S is a non-magnetic d-band metal and iron a magnetic impurity, so the system bears some resemblance to an Ising spin glass. Anisotropy modifies the magnetic properties as compared with a normal spin glass, giving a susceptibility more like that of an antiferromagnet. The maximum in χ ∥ at the freezing temperature Tf retains its form but shifts to lower temperature with increasing field. A sharp increase in the parallel magnetization below Tf in a large applied field is identified as spin flop of iron in the weakest exchange fields.
Optical Properties of an AlInN Interface Layer Spontaneously Formed in Hexagonal InN/Sapphire Heterostructures (1999)

We report on the spontaneous formation of an AlInN interlayer in plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxial growth of InN on sapphire substrates. Under our growth conditions, and with an initial growth stage corresponding to the best attainable InN film quality, the AlInN layer has a thickness of ≈︂100 nm and an aluminum content of around 0.3. The layer possesses a good crystalline quality as manifested by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. No evidence of binary phase separation within the layer is found by XRD and optical absorption measurements. The energy gap bowing of the AlInN is well approximated by the expression for a disordered alloy. The possibility of AlInN to emit light is demonstrated by photo- and cathodoluminescence measurements.
Adding Network Coding Capabilities to the WSNet Simulator (2011)

This technical report presents the implementation of a Network Coding module in WSNet - a Wireless Sensor Network simulator. This implementation provides a generic programming interface to allow an easy specialization of different coding strategies: random, source/destination-oriented, intra/inter-flow, etc.
Updated Methods for Reporting Clinical Trials (2005)

The reporting of early clinical trials is in evolution. As new drugs that target molecules that are selectively altered in cancer cells become available, much more will be expected from early trials than was expected in the past. Our concept of phase I trials that only determine maximum tolerated
Mucho Ado About "Nothing" (1998)

It is axiomatic that if you have nothing you have "no thing." Delving into this realm of nothingness has revealed numerous creative ways by which speakers of English express this idea of nonentity. As with this previous word, most "nothings" seem to begin with an N: none, nil, null, nary, naught, nix, and the north of England's nowt. Of late, one even finds numerous instances of the Spanish "nada" creeping in.
Integrated Green DWDM Photonics For Next-Gen High-Performance Computing (2020)

We discuss our strategy to build a dense wavelength division multiplexing optical transceiver to enable high energy efficiency, scalable bandwidth, low latency data communication, and low-cost photonic integration simultaneously for high-performance computing applications.
Mechanisms of Directed Self-Assembly in Cylindrical Hole Confinements (2018)

The directed self-assembly of block copolymers in cylindrical holes is a promising technology for lithographic patterning, particularly in the context of vertical interconnect accesses. While the hole-shrink process for single cylinders has been extensively explored, the proliferation of morphological defects remains a significant technological barrier. We use a coarse-grained model to explore morphologies that form within cylindrical confinements for combinations of template surface energies. We identify metastable defect morphologies, in addition to the desired cylindrical morphology, in majority-wetting sidewall templates. We use our coarse-grained model and the string method to identify transition pathways between defective morphologies and the cylindrical morphology to elucidate the mechanism of defect annihilation within the confinements; the transition pathway from a disordered state is also identified. This work demonstrates that the minimum free energy path for the formation of a cylinder goes through defective morphologies and that designing confinements can eliminate these undesirable transition states.
Solid state frustrated Lewis pair chemistry (2018)

In solution the PCy<sub>3</sub>/B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> pair is rapidly deactivated by nucleophilic aromatic substitution. In the solid state deactivation is effectively suppressed and the active frustrated phosphane/borane Lewis pair splits dihydrogen or adds to sulfur dioxide. A variety of phosphane/B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> pairs have been used to carry out active FLP reactions in the solid state. The reactions were analyzed by DFT calculations and by solid state NMR spectroscopy. The solid state dihydrogen splitting reaction was also carried out under near to ambient conditions with suspensions of the non-quenched phosphane/borane mixtures in the fluorous liquid perfluoromethylcyclohexane.
The Ergodic GN Model for Space-Division Multiplexing With Strong Mode Coupling (2022)

The Gaussian noise (GN) model, thanks to its simplicity, is the most widely used model to describe the nonlinear interference (NLI) in fiber-optic systems. This paper gives an extension of the GN model to space-division multiplexed (SDM) systems operating in the regime of strong coupling between modes, where the understanding of the effect of spatial mode dispersion (SMD) on the accumulation of the NLI noise stands as an open problem of utmost importance. We show that SMD may significantly reduce the NLI power and that a reliable estimation can be done with the extended GN model in very fast times, of the order of seconds per channel. We derive a closed-form expression for the NLI power averaged with respect to the frequency-dependence random-mode coupling introduced by mode dispersion, and show that its random fluctuations around the average value are negligible for all practical purposes. The derived expression is proved to be very accurate in the relevant range of SMD values. Scaling properties of the NLI variance with respect to the main system parameters are also discussed to gain some physical insight.
Helium atom scattering and HREELS investigations of the H/Rh(311) adsorption system (1997)

Hydrogen adsorption on Rh(311) at 110 K leads to the appearance of (1×1)H, (1×3)H, (1×2)H and (1×2)REC ordered layers. A previous He-atom scattering (HAS) investigation of the (1×1)H phase has revealed that its coverage is Θ=1 ML, whereby the H–atoms are adsorbed between the topmost bridge sites and the adjacent threefold hollow sites on the (111)-microfacets. In this paper we present a combined HAS and HREELS structural analysis of the higher coverage phases. The structures derived from the HAS data show that, starting with the (1×1)H phase, the (1×3)H is formed by the adsorption of H–atoms in the wells between every third close-packed row, whereas adsorption on the same sites but between every second row leads to the completion of the (1×2)H phase. Accordingly, the corresponding coverages are 4/3 ML and 3/2 ML. The HREELS results clearly demonstrate the existence of two different H-species in the (1×3)H phase and three in the (1×2)H phase, supporting the HAS results.
Hydrogen Storage Properties of New Hydrogen-Rich BH3NH3-Metal Hydride (TiH2, ZrH2, MgH2, and/or CaH2) Composite Systems (2012)

Ammonia borane (AB = NH3BH3) is one of the most attractive materials for chemical hydrogen storage due to its high hydrogen contents of 19.6 wt. %; however, impurity levels of borazine, ammonia, and diborane in conjunction with foaming and exothermic hydrogen release calls for finding ways to mitigate the decomposition reactions. In this paper we present a solution by mixing AB with metal hydrides (TiH2, ZrH2, MgH2, and CaH2) which can control impurity levels impurity levels from AB upon decomposition. The composite materials were prepared by mechanical ball milling, and their H2 release properties were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The formation of volatile products from decomposition side reactions, such as borazine (N3B3H6) was determined by mass spectrometry (MS). Sieverts type pressure–composition–temperature (PCT) gas–solid reaction instrument was adopted to observe the kinetics of the H2 release reactions of the combined systems and neat AB. In situ 11B MAS NMR of AB/MgH2/TiH2 revealed for the first time a competing decomposition pathway via cyclic −BH2NH2– species, previously only observed in solution. We found that by adding specific metal hydrides to AB we can eliminate the impurities and mitigate the heat release.
In Vitro Evaluation of Mismatched Double-Stranded RNA (Ampligen) for Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1989)

Multiple drug effect analyses with mismatched double-stranded RNA (mismatched dsRNA or Ampligen) as a core drug were performed to identify other agents and mechanisms through which mismatched dsRNA may potentiate effective therapeutic intervention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Antiviral activities were defined by a microtiter infection assay utilizing MT-2 cells as targets and HTLV-III-B produced in H9 cells as a virus source. The scope of agents tested included rIFN-alpha A, rIFN-beta Ser 17, and rIFN-gamma as cytokines; azidothymidine and phosphonoformate (Foscarnet) as inhibitors of reverse transcription; ribavirin as a putative inhibitor of proper HIV mRNA capping; amphotericin B as a lipophile; and castanospermine as a glycoprotein processing (glucosidase I) inhibitor. Separately, each drug demonstrated dose-dependent anti-HIV activity and, when used in combination with mismatched dsRNA, demonstrated synergism. Although mismatched dsRNA was synergistic with all three IFNs for anti-HIV activity in microtiter infection assays, it did not potentiate the transient inhibition of virus production observed for IFN in cultures of H9/HTLV-III-B cells. The results of these studies suggest that the pleiotropic activities of dsRNAs differ from those of IFN and may provide synergism in combination therapy with a wide range of antiviral drugs for the treatment of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Stability study of variable step size incremental conductance/impedance MPPT for PV systems (2011)

This paper proposes a variable step size maximum power point tracking MPPT based on incremental conductance/impedance INC method. In order to design the appropriate variable step size scaling factor, a small signal model for the overall system equipped with the PV model and the INC algorithm has been developed. The optimal value of the variable step size scaling factor has been designed using the root locus technique. The theoretical analysis and the design principle of the proposed stability analysis have been validated using PSIM simulation, and experimentally using digital signal processor DSP.
Cystatin C Properties Crucial for Uptake and Inhibition of Intracellular Target Enzymes (2013)

To elucidate the molecular requirements for cancer cell internalization of the extracellular cysteine protease inhibitor cystatin C, 12 variants of the protein were produced and used for uptake experiments in MCF-7 cells. Variants with alterations in the cysteine cathepsin binding region ((Δ1-10)-, K5A-, R8G-, (R8G,L9G,V10G)-, (R8G,L9G,V10G,W106G)-, and W106G-cystatin C) were internalized to a very low extent compared with the wild-type inhibitor. Substitutions of N39 in the legumain binding region (N39K- and N39A-cystatin C) decreased the internalization and (R24A,R25A)-cystatin C, with substitutions of charged residues not involved in enzyme inhibition, was not taken up at all. Two variants, W106F- and K75A-cystatin C, showed that the internalization can be positively affected by engineering of the cystatin molecule. Microscopy revealed vesicular co-localization of internalized cystatin C with the lysosomal marker proteins cathepsin D and legumain. Activities of both cysteine cathepsins and legumain, possible target enzymes associated with cancer cell invasion and metastasis, were down-regulated in cell homogenates following cystatin C uptake. A positive effect on regulation of intracellular enzyme activity by a cystatin variant selected from uptake properties was illustrated by incubating cells with W106F-cystatin C. This resulted in more efficient down-regulation of intracellular legumain activity than when cells were incubated with wild-type cystatin C. Uptake experiments in prostate cancer cells corroborated that the cystatin C internalization is generally relevant and confirmed an increased uptake of W106F-cystatin C, in PC3 cells. Thus, intracellular cysteine proteases involved in cancer-promoting processes might be controled by cystatin uptake.
Influence of Wafer Preclean before Selective Tungsten CVD on Surface Properties of Interconnect and Intermetal Dielectric Materials (1994)

Results of selective tungsten CVD on titanium nitride (TiN) are summarized. The investigations are focused on the influence of precleaning and tungsten nucleation on the TiN and SiO2 surface, the CVD-W/TiN interface and the electrical properties of the contacts (via resistance). After a combination of HF dip and NF3 plasma a remarkable amount of fluorine was detected at the TiN surface which was not bound to Ti. This process showed the best effect on the reproducible nucleation of tungsten. No interfacial layer could be found by cross section TEM after the tungsten nucleation. But in the case of nucleations starting with SiH4 gas inlet tungsten growth begins with the formation of a mixture of α- and β-phase tungsten. More far away from the interface region only α-W was detected. The lowest via resistances in filled vias were measured for nucleations starting with WF6 gas inlet. For introducing SiH4 first the via resistance could be decreased using a H2 plasma conditioning of the wafer in the deposition chamber after dry pretreatments. For this case no remarkable change of the deposition surface was found by XPS. At wafers pretreated with BCl3/N2 plasmas on both surfaces (TiN and SiO2) boron nitride was found.
Toward the Optimal Design and FPGA Implementation of Spiking Neural Networks (2021)

The performance of a biologically plausible spiking neural network (SNN) largely depends on the model parameters and neural dynamics. This article proposes a parameter optimization scheme for improving the performance of a biologically plausible SNN and a parallel on-field-programmable gate array (FPGA) online learning neuromorphic platform for the digital implementation based on two numerical methods, namely, the Euler and third-order Runge-Kutta (RK3) methods. The optimization scheme explores the impact of biological time constants on information transmission in the SNN and improves the convergence rate of the SNN on digit recognition with a suitable choice of the time constants. The parallel digital implementation leads to a significant speedup over software simulation on a general-purpose CPU. The parallel implementation with the Euler method enables around 180× ( 20× ) training (inference) speedup over a Pytorch-based SNN simulation on CPU. Moreover, compared with previous work, our parallel implementation shows more than 300× ( 240× ) improvement on speed and 180× ( 250× ) reduction in energy consumption for training (inference). In addition, due to the high-order accuracy, the RK3 method is demonstrated to gain 2× training speedup over the Euler method, which makes it suitable for online training in real-time applications.
Comparisons between nonlinear kinetic modelings of simulated Raman scattering using envelope equations (2012)

In this paper, we compare two recent models [N. A. Yampolsky and N. J. Fisch, Phys. Plasmas 16, 072104 (2009); D. Bénisti, D. J. Strozzi, L. Gremillet, and O. Morice, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 155002 (2009)] introduced to predict the nonlinear growth of stimulated Raman scattering in the kinetic regime, and providing moreover a nonlinear description of the collisionless, Landau-like, damping rate of the driven electron plasma wave. We first recall the general theoretical framework common to these two models, based on the derivation of the imaginary part of the electron susceptibility, χi, and then discuss in detail why the two approaches differ. By comparing the theoretical predictions for χi to those derived from test particle or Vlasov simulations, we moreover discuss the range of validity of the two models.
Self-Organization of Fluids in a Multienzymatic Pump System (2019)

The nascent field of microscale flow chemistry focuses on harnessing flowing fluids to optimize chemical reactions in microchambers and establish new routes for chemical synthesis. With enzymes and other catalysts anchored to the surface of microchambers, the catalytic reactions can act as pumps and propel the fluids through the containers. Hence, the flows not only affect the catalytic reactions, but these reactions also affect the flows. Understanding this dynamic interplay is vital to enhancing the accuracy and utility of flow technology. Through experiments and simulation, we design a system of three different enzymes, immobilized in separate gels, on the surface of a microchamber; with the appropriate reactants in the solution, each enzyme-filled gel acts as a pump. The system also exploits a reaction cascade that controls the temporal interactions between two pumps. With three pumps in a triangular arrangement, the spatio-temporal interactions among the chemical reactions become highly coordinated and produce well-defined fluid streams, which transport chemicals and form a fluidic “circuit”. The circuit layout and flow direction of each constituent stream can be controlled through the number and placement of the gels and the types of catalysts localized in the gels. These studies provide a new route for forming self-organizing and bifurcating fluids that can yield fundamental insight into nonequilibrium, dynamical systems. Because the flows and fluidic circuits are generated by internal chemical reactions, the fluids can autonomously transport cargo to specific locations in the device. Hence, the findings also provide guidelines to facilitate further automation of microfluidic devices.
Improved powered bus communication technique based on PD‐TDMT for distributed power system (DPS) (2019)

For many distributed power systems (DPSs) such as light‐emitting diode lighting and battery management, communication is essential. This study presents an improved method of integrating power transfer and communication through a common bus by applying the concept of power/data time division multiplexing transmission (PD‐TDMT). The proposed method employs power electronic topologies as the basic circuits to create the power transfer system and utilises the power transmission intervals for communication. Compared with conventional communication techniques in DPS, the proposed method has the advantages of simple implementation, enhanced noise immunity and higher output power capacity. The general structure of PD‐TDMT systems is presented, which includes power sourcing equipment (PSE) and powered devices (PDs). A series of PSE and PD circuits are derived based on dc–dc topologies. The timing sequence of power transfer and communication is given. To suppress the common‐mode interferences under the high‐power condition, a balanced power transmission system is also proposed. Besides, the termination circuits are discussed in detail under the long‐distance transmission condition. Finally, the proposed method and theoretical analysis are verified by experiment.
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation Versus Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Second Remission: A Single-Institution Study (1999)

In our single-institution series, unmodified HLA-matched allogeneic sibling transplants using hyperfractionated TBI and cyclophosphamide for patients with ALL in CR2 have resulted in superior outcome with a significantly improved probability of DFS and a lower relapse rate, as compared with those for patients treated with chemotherapy, regardless of the duration of first remission, the disease characteristics at diagnosis, or the intensity of prior treatment during first remission.