gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Possible mechanism of ineffective erythropoiesis by an altered transferrin receptor cycle in erythroleukemia (1988)

Involvement of the transferrin receptor cycle was noted in erythroblasts from a patient with erythroleukemia (FAB classification M6). The kinetics of transferrin receptor cycle in bone marrow erythroblasts was obtained by pulse-chase experiments before the initiation of therapy. Internalization of transferrin was impaired and resulted in a delayed peak of internalized transferrin, as compared with the kinetics pattern seen in healthy subjects. The subsequent exocytosis of the internalized ligand was also delayed. Thus, transferrin receptor cycle seems to be influenced all along the transferrin pathway, hence transferrin travels more slowly in erythroblasts in erythroleukemia. The altered transferrin receptor cycle led to a diminished iron uptake per surface transferrin receptor (approximately 30% of that in healthy subjects), and the incorporation of iron into heme was greatly reduced. Our observations suggest a possible role for the altered transferrin receptor cycle in the pathogenesis of defective heme synthesis and ineffective erythropoiesis in erythroleukemia.
Molecular Cloning of Members of the <italic>S</italic>-Multigene Family in Self-Incompatible <italic>Brassica campestris</italic> L. (1995)

We isolated 12 groups of genomic clones that contained SLG-homologous regions from a genomic library constructed from an S9 homozygote of self-incompatible Brassica campestris. Both SLG9 and SRK9 genomic clones, which are located within the self-incompatibility (S) locus, were included in these groups. The promoter regions of SLG9 and SRK9 were completely identical for at least 200 bp upstream from their respective initiation codons (ATG). The five sequence elements (boxes I to V) that are conserved in the promoters of SLG and SRK genes were also found in the SLG9 and SRK9 clones. However, one conserved element (box III) unexpectedly lacked 7 of 11 bp, although box III has been considered necessary for expression in pistil. The other ten groups of genomic clones were classified into six SRK-like groups and four SLG-like groups. These results indicate that SLG, SRK, SLG-like, and SRK-like genes form a large S-multigene family in B. campestris.
A Yeast Protein Similar to Bacterial Two-Component Regulators (1993)

Many bacterial signaling pathways involve a two-component design. In these pathways, a sensor kinase, when activated by a signal, phosphorylates its own histidine, which then serves as a phosphoryl donor to an aspartate in a response regulator protein. The Sln1 protein of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has sequence similarities to both the histidine kinase and the response regulator proteins of bacteria. A missense mutation in SLN1 is lethal in the absence but not in the presence of the N-end rule pathway, a ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system. The finding of SLN1 demonstrates that a mode of signal transduction similar to the bacterial two-component design operates in eukaryotes as well.
Involvement of three putative glucosyltransferases from the UGT72 family in flavonol glucoside/rhamnoside biosynthesis inLotus japonicusseeds (2016)

Flavonols are one of the largest groups of flavonoids that confer benefits for the health of plants and animals. Flavonol glycosides are the predominant flavonoids present in the model legume Lotus japonicus. The molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of flavonol glycosides as yet remain unknown in L. japonicus. In the present study, we identified a total of 188 UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) in L. japonicus by genome-wide searching. Notably, 12 UGTs from the UGT72 family were distributed widely among L. japonicus chromosomes, expressed in all tissues, and showed different docking scores in an in silico bioinformatics docking analysis. Further enzymatic assays showed that five recombinant UGTs (UGT72AD1, UGT72AF1, UGT72AH1, UGT72V3, and UGT72Z2) exhibit activity toward flavonol, flavone, and isoflavone aglycones. In particular, UGT72AD1, UGT72AH1, and UGT72Z2 are flavonol-specific UGTs with different kinetic properties. In addition, the overexpression of UGT72AD1 and UGT72Z2 led to increased accumulation of flavonol rhamnosides in L. japonicus and Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, the increase of kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside in transgenic A. thaliana inhibited root growth as compared with the wild-type control. These results highlight the significance of the UGT72 family in flavonol glycosylation and the role of flavonol rhamnosides in plant growth.
A Context-aware Natural Language Generator for Dialogue Systems (2016)

We present a novel natural language generation system for spoken dialogue systems capable of entraining (adapting) to users' way of speaking, providing contextually appropriate responses. The generator is based on recurrent neural networks and the sequence-to-sequence approach. It is fully trainable from data which include preceding context along with responses to be generated. We show that the context-aware generator yields significant improvements over the baseline in both automatic metrics and a human pairwise preference test.
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase links bile duct inflammation to human cholangiocarcinoma (2008)

The proinflammatory cytokine-induced aberrant production of AID might link bile duct inflammation to an enhanced genetic susceptibility to mutagenesis, leading to cholangiocarcinogenesis.
The Related Adhesion Focal Tyrosine Kinase Differentially Phosphorylates p130Cas and the Cas-like Protein, p105HEF1 (1997)

The related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase (RAFTK) is tyrosine-phosphorylated following beta1 integrin or B cell antigen receptor stimulation in human B cells. Two substrates that are tyrosine-phosphorylated following integrin ligation in B cells are p130(Cas) and the Cas family member human enhancer of filamentation 1 (HEF1), both of which can associate with RAFTK. In this report we observed that RAFTK was involved in the phosphorylation of these two proteins. While a catalytically active RAFTK was required for both p130(Cas) and HEF1, phosphorylation of p130(Cas), but not of HEF1, was dependent on an intact autophosphorylation site (Tyr402) on RAFTK. To determine if RAFTK phosphorylated p130(Cas) and HEF1 directly or through an intermediate, we assayed the ability of RAFTK and of a Tyr402 mutant to phosphorylate purified HEF1 and p130(Cas) domains. RAFTK was able to phosphorylate the substrate domains of both p130(Cas) and HEF1, but only the C-terminal domain of p130(Cas). Furthermore, Tyr402, which mediates the binding of RAFTK to c-Src kinase, was required for the phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of p130(Cas). These data suggest that RAFTK itself is sufficient for HEF1 phosphorylation, whereas a cooperation between RAFTK and Src kinases is required for the complete phosphorylation of p130(Cas).
Growth, Characterization, and Potential Applications of Periodic Carbon Nanotube Arrays (2007)

Abstract : Periodically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays have been grown on Ni dots made by nanosphere lithography. Optical characterization reveals strong interaction between the nanotubes' surface and incident light. Periodic CNT arrays interact strongly with light because their feature size is on the order of a light wave. It is believed that resonant structures such as these will be of interest in many applications where there is a desire to have efficient interaction between a material system and visible to near-infrared electromagnetic radiation.
Airway Responsiveness Measured by Forced Oscillation Technique in Severely Obese Patients, before and after Bariatric Surgery (2011)

Airway responsiveness is not related to BMI or to SAS. AHR in severely obese patients might be related to distal airway obstruction or low relative airway size.
[Serum anti-HIV IgA in seropositive patients and in subjects at risk of HIV infection]. (1997)

To detect the presence of anti-HIV IgA in HIV infected subjects and in seronegative subjects at risk of infection, we assessed a Western Blot using nitrocellulose strips with HIV separated proteins. We tested at least 2 different serum samples from 9 anti-HIV positive subjects (Group A), 9 anti-HIV negative subjects at risk of infection (Group B) and 9 controls (Group C). One subject in Group B became anti-HIV positive during the observation. Anti-HIV IgA were detected in all patients of Group A, in 66.6% of patients of Group B and in no patient of Group C. The subject who seroconverted during the observation showed positivity for IgA anti-HIV in both serum samples, while anti-HIV IgG became detectable only on the second serum sample. A newborn from a seropositive mother showed maternal anti-HIV IgG on the first 2 out of 3 serum samples while showed anti-HIV IgA positivity on the third sample only. This child is still anti-HIV negative.
Filtration of Treated Sewage Effluent (1970)

Effluent used in this investigation was obtained from a pilot scale activated sludge treatment plant, operated at a solids retention time of ten days. Particulate matter in the effluent was characterized by measurement of suspended solids, particle size and distribution, and particle charge and charge distribution. Although a number of removal mechanisms are operative, straining was found to be the principal mechanism responsible for the removal of particulate matter. The size and distribution of the influent particles, their floc strength, the size of the medium, the filtration rate, and amount of material arrested within the filter must be considered in the development of equations which can be used to describe the time-space removal of particulate matter within a granular filter. Equations were developed to predict filter performance as a function of these variables for the conditions studied. These equations can also be generalized for cases where straining is not the principal removal mechanism.
Detection, synthesis and compression in mammographic image analysis with a hierarchical image probability model (2002)

We develop a probability model over image spaces and demonstrate its broad utility in mammographic image analysis. The model employs a pyramid representation to factor images across scale and a tree-structured set of hidden variables to capture long-range spatial dependencies. This factoring makes the computation of the density functions local and tractable. The result is a hierarchical mixture of conditional probabilities, similar to a hidden Markov model on a tree. The model parameters are found with maximum likelihood estimation using the EM algorithm. The utility of the model is demonstrated for three applications; 1) detection of mammographic masses in computer-aided diagnosis 2) qualitative assessment of model structure through mammographic synthesis and 3) compression of mammographic regions of interest.
Cyclo-oxygenase products released by low pH have capsaicin-like actions on sensory nerves in the isolated guinea pig heart (1994)

In the isolated guinea pig heart, moderate acidosis is associated with CGRP release dependent on influx of extracellular Ca2+ and formation of PGI2, with subsequent stimulation of capsazepine sensitive receptors. With more severe acidosis there is an additional non-PGI2-linked CGRP release. Capsazepine represents a novel pharmacological principle for inhibiting the effects of prostanoids on sensory nerves without influencing their formation.
Inspiratory activation is not required for episodic hypoxia‐induced respiratory long‐term facilitation in postnatal rats (2007)

Episodic hypoxia causes repetitive inspiratory activation that induces a form of respiratory plasticity termed long-term facilitation (LTF). While LTF is a function of the hypoxic exposures and inspiratory activation, their relative importance in evoking LTF is unknown. The aims of this study were to: (1) dissociate the relative roles played by episodic hypoxia and respiratory activation in LTF; and (2) determine whether the magnitude of LTF varies as a function of hypoxic intensity. We did this by examining the effects of episodic hypoxia in postnatal rats (15-25 days old), which unlike adult rats exhibit a prominent hypoxia-induced respiratory depression. We quantified inspiratory phrenic nerve activity generated by the in situ working-heart brainstem before, during and for 60 min after episodic hypoxia. We demonstrate that episodic hypoxia evokes LTF despite the fact that it potently suppresses inspiratory activity during individual hypoxic exposures (P < 0.05). Specifically, we show that after episodic hypoxia (three 5 min periods of 10% O2) respiratory frequency increased to 40 +/- 3.3% above baseline values over the next 60 min (P < 0.001). Continuous hypoxia (15 min of 10% O2) had no lasting effects on respiratory frequency (P > 0.05). To determine if LTF magnitude was affected by hypoxic intensity, the episodic hypoxia protocol was repeated under three different O2 tensions. We demonstrate that the magnitude and time course of LTF depend on hypoxic severity, with more intense hypoxia inducing a more potent degree of LTF. We conclude that inspiratory activation is not required for LTF induction, and that hypoxia per se is the physiological stimulus for eliciting hypoxia-induced respiratory LTF.
Vaccinal effect of HIV-1 antibody therapy: dream or reality? (2023)

HIV-1 bNAbs can enhance adaptive host immune responses in PLWH. The challenge now is to exploit these immunomodulatory properties to design optimized therapeutic interventions to promote and enhance the induction of protective immunity against HIV-1 infection during bNAbs therapy.
Cerebrosides and Tocopherol Trimers from the Seeds of Euryale ferox (2007)

Two new cerebrosides, ferocerebrosides A (1) [(2S,3R,4E,8E,2'R)-1-O-(beta-glucopyranosyl)-N-(2'-hydroxydocosanoyl)-4,8-sphingadienine] and B (2) [(2S,3R,4E,8E,2'R)-1-O-(beta-glucopyranosyl)-N-(2'-hydroxytetracosanoyl)-4,8-sphingadienine], two new tocopherol trimers, ferotocotrimers C (5) and D (6), and two known tocopherol trimers, IVb (3) and IVa (4), were isolated from the seeds of Euryale ferox. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data, especially 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxicity in the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, with LC50 values of 0.17 and 0.20 mM, respectively.
Scheduling of Complex Computation Offloading Tasks in Mobile Edge Cloud Network with New IP Framework (2020)

The paper proposes a distributed mechanism for scheduling computation offloading tasks in Mobile Edge Cloud (MEC) networks, based on an evolutionary Internet framework named New IP (BPP). Beyond the simple tasks, the paper further studies how to schedule the complex computation offloading tasks with corresponding algorithms proposed, which are the periodic task and the task with parallel dependency among the sub-tasks. The performance evaluations are conducted on latency and control message overhead comparison with the legacy centralized approaches. The results show the substantial latency reduction for the complex computation offloading tasks, as well as overall reduced control message overhead.
ALTERATION OF THE GUT MICROBIOME FOR PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A REVIEW (2020)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a set of multifactorial gut inflammatory conditions. The most common types of IBD are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), which are attributed to a deregulated immune response to an imbalance in the gut microbiome. The occurrence of IBD is increasing worldwide, with over one million people in the USA and 2.5 million in Europe estimated to have one form of the disease. Furthermore, an increase in IBD has recently been reported in industrialized countries in Asia, South America, Africa and the Middle East, which suggests that it has developed into a global disease with rising prevalence in each continent that may incur substantial healthcare costs in the future. Studying the gut microbiome of patients with IBD can provide a deeper understanding of the role that gut microbiota plays in the development of disease. This will further help in therapeutic microbiome manipulation of patients with IBD.
Enhanced Phase-Contrast Diffuse Optical Tomography for in vivo Breast Imaging (2010)

We present a two-step reconstruction method that can qualitatively and quantitatively improve the reconstruction of tissue refractive index (RI) distribution by phase-contrast diffuse optical tomography (PCDOT). The method is validated by a series of phantom experiments and evaluated using in vivo data from 42 human subjects.
Sampling for Household Financial Characteristics Using Frame Information on Past Income (1993)

designed to gather extensive data on the assets, liabilities, income and other financial characteristics of U.S. households. To be useful, a sample design for the survey must address three problems. First, the sample must provide representation of characteristics that are broadly distributed in the population, such as credit card debt and home mortgages. Second, because income and wealth overall are distributed in a highly skewed way in the population (see Avery, Elliehausen, and Kennickell [1988] and Kennickell and Woodburn [1992a]), a simple random sample would yield too few wealthy households to draw any conclusions about the distribution of many financial variables. Third, because it is generally believed that nonresponse is
Properties of a periodically stratified acoustic half-space and its relation to a Biot fluid (1983)

The problem of the reflection of acoustic waves from a periodically layered acoustic half-space is solved exactly at all frequencies. Pass and stop bands and the associated complex slowness surfaces of propagation through the periodic medium are found. In the low-frequency limit, when the wavelength normal to the layering is much greater than one period, it is shown that there always exists a homogeneous ideal fluid with the same reflection properties as the layered medium. However, the effective acoustic medium that models transmission as well as reflection at low frequencies has a bulk modulus Keff given by 〈K−1〉−1 where the brackets denote a volume weighted average, and, for the inertial density appearing in the equations of motion, the effective medium has a transverse isotropic density tensor with ρ∥, the density component parallel to the layering, given by 〈1/ρ〉−1, and ρ⊥, the density component perpendicular to the layering given by 〈ρ〉. The range of wavespeeds speeds as a function of angle is shown to parallel the range of speeds in a Biot fluid as a function of the Biot coupling parameter. Normal propagation corresponds to full locking of the two phases in a Biot material and parallel propagation corresponds to the fully uncoupled case. The relation between the angle of propagation θ measured from the normal to the layering, and the corresponding Biot coupling parameter α is that α−1 is proportional to cot2 θ.
Herstellung von substituierten 2‐Aminooxazol‐4‐carbonitrilen (1989)

Preparation of Substituted 2‐Aminooxazole‐4‐carbonitriles During our synthetic programme to convert 4‐isoxazolylthioureas 3 into the corresponding carbodiimides 5 , a side reaction leading to the hitherto unknown 2‐aminooxazole‐4‐carbonitriles 6 was observed. By selecting appropriate reaction conditions, it was possible to improve the yields of the carbodiimides 5 as well as of the novel oxazole‐carbonitriles 6 at will, thus allowing the synthesis of 6 to be conducted in very good yields. To overcome the difficulty of isolating unstable carbodiimides, the synthesis of 6 is best carried out in a one‐pot procedure. A limited mechanistic study showed that the formation of 6 proceeds via 5 as the only intermediate. The stability of the NCN bonds against base attack (depending strongly on both sterical hindrance and electronic‐density factors) forms the only limitation of this new synthetic pathway to oxazole‐4‐carbonitriles.
Effects of disorder state and interfacial layer on thermal transport in copper/diamond system (2015)

The characterization of Cu/diamond interface thermal conductance (hc) along with an improved understanding of factors affecting it are becoming increasingly important, as Cu-diamond composites are being considered for electronic packaging applications. In this study, ∼90 nm thick Cu layers were deposited on synthetic and natural single crystal diamond substrates. In several specimens, a Ti-interface layer of thickness ≤3.5 nm was sputtered between the diamond substrate and the Cu top layer. The hc across Cu/diamond interfaces for specimens with and without a Ti-interface layer was determined using time-domain thermoreflectance. The hc is ∼2× higher for similar interfacial layers on synthetic versus natural diamond substrate. The nitrogen concentration of synthetic diamond substrate is four orders of magnitude lower than natural diamond. The difference in nitrogen concentration can lead to variations in disorder state, with a higher nitrogen content resulting in a higher level of disorder. This difference in disorder state potentially can explain the variations in hc. Furthermore, hc was observed to increase with an increase of Ti-interface layer thickness. This was attributed to an increased adhesion of Cu top layer with increasing Ti-interface layer thickness, as observed qualitatively in the current study.
PPM1D (protein phosphatase 1D magnesium-dependent, delta isoform) (2008)

Review on PPM1D (protein phosphatase 1D magnesium-dependent, delta isoform), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.
Members of the synaptobrevin/vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) family in Drosophila are functionally interchangeable in vivo for neurotransmitter release and cell viability (2002)

Synaptobrevins or VAMPs are vesicle-associated membrane proteins, often called v-SNARES, that are important for vesicle transport and fusion at the plasma membrane. Drosophila has two characterized members of this gene family: synaptobrevin (syb) and neuronal synaptobrevin (n-syb). Mutant phenotypes and gene-expression patterns indicate that n-Syb is exclusively neuronal and required only for synaptic vesicle secretion, whereas Syb is ubiquitous and, as shown here, essential for cell viability. When the eye precursor cells were made homozygous for syb(-), the eye failed to develop. In contrast, n-syb(-) eye clones developed appropriately but failed to activate downstream neurons. To determine whether the two proteins are structurally specialized to accomplish these distinct in vivo functions, we have driven the expression of each gene in the absence of the other to look for phenotypic rescue. We find that expression of n-syb during eye development can rescue the cell lethality of the syb mutations, as can rat VAMP2 and cellubrevin. Expression of syb can restore synaptic transmission to n-syb mutants as assayed both by electroretinogram and recordings of excitatory junctional currents at the neuromuscular junction. Therefore, we find that Syb, which usually is not involved in synaptic function, can mediate Ca(2+)-triggered synaptic activity and that no particular specialization of the v-SNARE is required to differentiate synaptic exocytosis from other forms.