gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of anα-amylase from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) obtained under optimized conditions (2012)

Sorghum malt α-amylase can compete with bacterial α-amylase in industrial applications, if sufficiently stable and produced in a large enough quantity. Conditions for maximal α-amylase production in sorghum malt and the physico-chemical properties of the α-amylase so produced are reported in this study. Sorghum grains were steeped in buffers with varying pH (4.0–8.0) for 24 h, at room temperature, and germinated for another 48 h to obtain the green malt. The buffer that induced the highest quantity of α-amylase was chosen as the optimal pH and served as the medium for further steeping experiments conducted at different temperatures (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60°C). The α-amylase activity in the extract was determined in order to obtain the optimum temperature for α-amylase induction at this particular pH. For the purpose of comparison, the α-amylase produced at the optimum pH and temperature was purified to apparent homogeneity by a combination of ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography, and further characterized. Eight-fold higher α-amylase activity was induced in pH 6.5 buffer at 20°C compared with water, the traditional steeping medium. The Km and Vmax were estimated to be 1.092 ± 0.05 mg mL−1 and 3516 ± 1.981 units min−1, respectively. The activation energy of the purified amylase for starch hydrolysis was 6.2 kcal K−1 mol−1. Chlorides of calcium and manganese served as good activators, whereas CuSO4 inhibited the enzyme with a 42% loss in activity at 312 mm salt concentration. Copyright © 2012 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling
Adjunctive Orthodontic Applications in Dental Implantology (2013)

Implant placement is often necessitated for replacement of teeth with pathologically damaged alveolar bone due to periodontitis or traumatic injury. Surgical augmentation of resorbed bone has many limitations, including lower efficacy of vertical augmentation than horizontal augmentation, as well as morbidity associated with grafting procedure. Orthodontic therapy has been proposed as a useful method for augmenting the resorbed alveolar bone and reforming aesthetically appealing gingival margin, prior to implant placement. This narrative review summarizes the available evidence for the application of orthodontic strategies that can be used as adjunct in selected cases to augment bone volume for the future implant site and maintain space for the prosthetic parts of the implant. These are (1) orthodontic extrusion of compromised teeth to generate vertical bone volume and enhance gingival architecture, (2) tooth preservation and postponing orthodontic space opening to maintain bone volume in future implant site, (3) orthodontic implant site switching to eliminate the deficient bone volume or risky implant sites, and (4) the provision of a rigid fixed-bonded retainer to maintain the implant site. Although there are no randomized controlled clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of orthodontic therapy for implant site development, clinical case reports and experience document the efficacy of orthodontic therapy for this application.
Patterned Superomniphobic–Superomniphilic Surfaces: Templates for Site‐Selective Self‐Assembly (2012)

Patterned surfaces: The fabrication of patterned superomniphobic–superomniphilic surfaces is reported. Such patterned surfaces are expected to be useful in developing well-defined microreactors for liquid-phase reactions, significantly enhancing heat transfer during condensation and boiling of various low-surface-tension liquids, and in fabricating precisely tailored arrays of polymers and microparticles of different sizes and shapes.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐Phosphorylation of Enolates: An Alternate Route to Complex Carbonylactivated Phosphonates. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Research on circulating current reduction of droop-controlled parallel inverters (2016)

The technology of inverters parallel connection has become a new research hotspot. In this paper, a modified droop control strategy, cooperated with virtual impedance technology, has been presented in order to suppress circulating current. Simulation and experiment of two three-phase inverters proved this theory.
Algorithms (OBDD-Based Function Decompolsition: (1996)

This paper presents algorithms for disjuinctive and nondisjunctive decomposition of Boolean functions and Boolean methods for identifying common subfunctions from multiple Boolean functions. Ordered binary decision diagrams are used to represent and manipulate Boolean functions so that the proposed methods can be implemented concis,ely. These techniques are ap- plied to the syntlhesis of look-up table based field programmable gate arrays and results are presented.
Clinical Guidelines for the Surgical Management of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: A Consensus Reached by Systematic Review of the Available Data (2019)

This guideline provides recommendations for the surgical management of CLAI based on the evidence. We believe that this guideline will provide a useful tool for physicians in the decision-making process for the surgical treatment of patients with CLAI.
Development and Application of Design Transformations in ForSyDe (2003)

The ForSyDe methodology has been developed for system level design. Starting with a formal specification model, that captures the functionality of the system at a high abstraction level, it provides formal design transformation methods for a transparent refinement process of the system model into an implementation model that is optimized for synthesis. The main contribution of this paper is the formal treatment of transformational design refinement. Using the formal semantics of ForSyDe processes we introduce the term characteristic function to be able to define and classify transformations as either semantic preserving or design decision. We also illustrate how we can incorporate classical synthesis techniques that have traditionally been used with control/data-flow graphs as ForSyDe transformations. Thus, our approach avoids discontinuities since it moves design refinement into the domain of the specification model.
Strain-Induced Crystallization and Strength of Rubber (2002)

Abstract The rate and extent of crystallization in crosslinked samples of natural rubber (NR), cis-1,4-polybutadiene (BR), and butyl rubber (IIR), were studied by observing the relaxation of stress in stretched strips, held at low temperatures. Melting temperatures were measured from the recovery of stress on warming. The melting temperature was raised by stretching, and the rise was significantly greater for NR than for BR, consistent with the lower heat of fusion of NR. In some cases crystallization was also followed by volume changes, or by DSC or x-ray diffraction. The maximum degree of crystallization was estimated to be only about 20% for BR, 28% for NR, and somewhat higher for IIR. On raising the temperature the tensile strength showed a marked drop to only 1–2 MPa when the elastomer failed to crystallize on stretching. At lower temperatures, when strain-induced crystallization occurred, the tensile strength was much higher, but the values were different for the three elastomers: about 10 MPa for BR, 20 MPa for NR, and 30 MPa for IIR, roughly in proportion to the inferred extent of crystallization. We speculate that molecular entanglements (more dense in BR and less dense in IIR than in NR) are severe obstacles to crystallization in high-molecular-weight polymers. Some specific molecular features are inferred that are needed for an elastomer to crystallize on stretching and to exhibit high strength over a wide temperature range.
A Model-Based Security Testing Approach for Automotive Over-The-Air Updates (2020)

Modern connected cars are exposed to various cybersecurity threats due to the sophisticated computing and connectivity technologies they host for providing enhanced user experience for their occupants by offering numerous innovative applications. While prior studies exist that explore cybersecurity challenges, tools and techniques for automotive systems, over-the-air (OTA) software updates for automobiles can be exploited by the attackers to compromise vehicle security and safety has not been covered extensively. This paper presents our Model-Based Security Testing (MBST) approach, designed for cybersecurity evaluation of the OTA update system for automobiles, which has an integrated testbed and a software tool that is capable of automatically generating and executing test cases by using attack trees as an input. Integrating threat modelling in the testing provides several benefits, including clear and systematic identification of different threats. Automation of the test-case generation and execution has the obvious benefits of saving time and manual effort, as manual test-case generation is both a time-consuming and error-prone process (especially, when the testing involves several test-cases). A simple simulated attack is used to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of our testing approach. To the best of our knowledge, there is no prior research that uses a testing approach similar to our approach for automotive OTA security evaluation.
Supramolecular Attachment of Metalloporphyrins to Graphene Oxide and its Pyridine‐Containing Derivative (2013)

Functionalized with porphyrins: The interactions of metalloporphyrins with graphene oxide and pyridine-substituted graphene oxide have been probed (see figure). The interactions elucidated offer unprecedented tools in the quest for functional nanostructured materials. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Separation of refractive index and temperature measurements using surface plasmon-coupled fiber grating (2000)

A new fiber optic sensor based on Bragg reflection influenced by a surface plasmon is presented. This arrangement allows for self-referencing due to its highly polarization-resolved response.
Epstein-Barr Virus That Lacks Glycoprotein gN Is Impaired in Assembly and Infection (2000)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) glycoproteins N and M (gN and gM) are encoded by the BLRF1 and BBRF3 genes. To examine the function of the EBV gN-gM complex, recombinant virus was constructed in which the BLRF1 gene was interrupted with a neomycin resistance cassette. Recombinant virus lacked not only gN but also detectable gM. A significant proportion of the recombinant virus capsids remained associated with condensed chromatin in the nucleus of virus-producing cells, and cytoplasmic vesicles containing enveloped virus were scarce. Virus egress was impaired, and sedimentation analysis revealed that the majority of the virus that was released lacked a complete envelope. The small amount of virus that could bind to cells was also impaired in infectivity at a step following fusion. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the predicted 78-amino-acid cytoplasmic tail of gM, which is highly charged and rich in prolines, interacts with the virion tegument. It is proposed that this interaction is important both for association of capsids with cell membrane to assemble and release enveloped particles and for dissociation of the capsid from the membrane of the newly infected cell on its way to the cell nucleus. The phenotype of EBV lacking the gN-gM complex is more striking than that of most alphaherpesviruses lacking the same complex but resembles in many respects the phenotype of pseudorabies virus lacking glycoproteins gM, gE, and gI. Since EBV does not encode homologs for gE and gI, this suggests that functions that may have some redundancy in alphaherpesviruses have been concentrated in fewer proteins in EBV.
Advantages of closed-loop calibration in intracortical brain–computer interfaces for people with tetraplegia (2013)

Differences in neural activity between OL and CL contexts contribute to the superiority of CL decoders, even prior to their additional 'adaptive' advantage. In the near future, CL decoder calibration may enable robust neural control without needing to pause ongoing, practical use of BCIs, an important step toward clinical utility.
Organometallic Molybdenum(V) Complexes with Primary Phosphine Ligands. Syntheses, Spectroscopic Properties and Molecular Structures of [Cp°MoCl4(PH2R)] (R = But, 1‐Ad, Cy, Ph, 2, 4, 6‐Me3C6H2, 2, 4, 6‐Pri3C6H2, Cp° = C5EtMe4) (2004)

Abstract [Cp°MoCl 4 ] (Cp° = C 5 EtMe 4 ) reacts with primary phosphines PH 2 R to give the paramagnetic phosphine complexes [Cp°MoCl 4 (PH 2 R)] [Cp° = C 5 EtMe 4 , R = Bu t ( 1 ), 1‐Ad (1‐Ad = 1‐adamantyl; 2 ), Cy ( 3 ), Ph ( 4 ), Mes (Mes = 2, 4, 6‐Me 3 C 6 H 2 ; 5 ), Tipp (Tipp = 2, 4, 6‐Pr i 3 C 6 H 2 ; 6 )]. 1 — 6 were characterized spectroscopically (IR, MS), and X‐ray crystal structures were determined for 1 — 4 and 6 . EPR investigations in liquid and frozen solution confirmed the presence of Mo V species, and the data were used to analyze the spin‐density distribution in the first coordination sphere. Complexes 3 and 4 react with two equivalents of NEt 3 with formation of [Cp°MoCl 2 (η 3 ‐P 4 Cy 4 H)] ( 7 ) and [Cp° 2 Mo 2 (μ‐Cl) 2 (μ‐P 4 Ph 4 )] ( 8 ), respectively, in low yield. Complexes 7 and 8 were characterized by X‐ray crystallography.
Effect of Posture and Isoproterenol on Beat-to-Beat Heart Rate and QT Variability (2000)

A change from the supine to the standing posture as well as infusion of isoproterenol significantly increased the absolute as well as normalized QT variability, which appears to be due to an increase in sympathetic activity associated with these conditions.
Temporally Like-minded User Community Identification through Neural Embeddings (2017)

We propose a neural embedding approach to identify temporally like-minded user communities, i.e., those communities of users who have similar temporal alignment in their topics of interest. Like-minded user communities in social networks are usually identified by either considering explicit structural connections between users (link analysis), users' topics of interest expressed in their posted contents (content analysis), or in tandem. In such communities, however, the users' rich temporal behavior towards topics of interest is overlooked. Only few recent research efforts consider the time dimension and define like-minded user communities as groups of users who share not only similar topical interests but also similar temporal behavior. Temporal like-minded user communities find application in areas such as recommender systems where relevant items are recommended to the users at the right time. In this paper, we tackle the problem of identifying temporally like-minded user communities by leveraging unsupervised feature learning (embeddings). Specifically, we learn a mapping from the user space to a low-dimensional vector space of features that incorporate both topics of interest and their temporal nature. We demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed approach on a Twitter dataset in the context of three applications: news recommendation, user prediction and community selection, where our work is able to outperform the state-of-the-art on important information retrieval metrics.
A relationship between gait and breakdown in the horse. (1978)

A biomechanical model of running has been presented. A basic premise has been that the swing time is nearly independent of speed. In fact, both the racehorse and the trotter have nearly equal swing times. Consequently, as speed increases and the stance phase becomes shorter, the horse must compensate by increasing his extension or the length of the airborne phase (or both). The safe speed which allows the horse adequate preparation time for contact of a leg with the ground is calculated, using a stride-by-stride analysis of the motion of the horse. This is seen to be a very sensitive function of the overlap time in the gait. The overlap between the legs appears to affect both the ultimate performance potential of the horse and also his prospects for soundness.
Novel Efficient Blue Fluorophors with Small Singlet‐Triplet Splitting: Hosts for Highly Efficient Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Hybrid WOLEDs with Simplified Structure (2013)

The exact hosts for F-P hybrid WOLEDs have been first demonstrated following a new design strategy for blue fluorophors with small singlet-triplet splitting. Two novel compounds DPMC and DAPSF exhibit efficient blue fluorescence, high triplet energies and good conductivities. These merits allow us to use new simplified device designs to achieve high efficiency, slow efficiency roll-off and stable emission color.
Green Cement Production: Potentials and Achievements (2012)

Abstract — In this work, three strategies of CO2 reduction including energy saving, carbon separation, and storage as well as utilizing alternative materials in detail have been reviewed. In case of energy saving approaches, shifting to more efficient process shows the best results since potentially mitigates almost 20% of CO2 emissions in the process. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is also considered as an effective way to avoid release of CO2. However economical and technical challenges still play as remarkable obstacles against implementing such processes in cement plant. As far as alternative materials are the case, utilizing waste-derived fuel (WDF) and industrial by-products instead of conventional fuels and materials result in significant emission mitigation. Index Terms — Alternative materials, cement plant, CO 2 emissions, CO 2 mitigation, global warming I. I NTRODUCTION Carbon dioxide is the most important and abundant gas among all GHGs which have the highest contribution in global warming phenomenon. Thus, finding promising approaches to mitigate CO
Managing change in perioperative education (2009)

The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the confusion, conflicts and challenges faced by many academic staff and staff involved with perioperative education. To appreciate the changes that have occurred, this chapter will navigate through the key milestones in perioperative education, offering an insight into how they have provided a road map of today's perioperative education.
A Model of Electro-Kinetic Platform based on Printed Circuit Board Technology for Manipulation and Detection of Liver Cancer Cells (2016)

This paper presents a model of an electrokinetic platform which combines three configurations (traveling, electrorotation, and levitation) for manipulation, characterization and separation of liver cancer cells based on dielectrophoresis phenomena. The dielectrophoresis phenomena is a motion of uncharged polarizable particles towards the location of extreme field strength in a non-uniform electric field. Recently, a dielectrophoresis (DEP) became a prominent technique for manipulation and characterization of biological particles. The traveling-wave dielectrophoresis (twDEP), Electro-rotation and levitation are electro-kinetic methods which are produced by the interaction between a non-uniform electric field and polarizable particles. In this work, a 2D model of three configurations of electro-kinetic platform based on Printed Circuit Board technology (PCB) for differentiating between liver cancer cells and normal liver cells is presented and discussed.
Additional noise reduction with diffracting elements on barriers: experimental testing (2021)

The noise reduction of a (low) noise barrier can be enhanced by using an additional element with quarter-wavelength resonators with varying depths. The so-called WHISwall or WHIStop deflects sound upwards for specific frequencies creating an additional sound reduction. Different experiments on the WHISwall and WHIStop are performed as input for model validation. The development and validation of the model are described in a separate paper. In this paper the measurement campaign and its results are presented. We performed measurements on two setups. The first setup consists of a 1.1 meter high WHISwall, a 1.1m high noise barrier and a reference section (without noise measure). Measurements have been conducted with both an artificial sound source and pass by measurements with light and heavy motor vehicles. In a second test setup, the WHIStop was placed on top of a 4 meter high noise barrier and the diffraction was determined according the European standard EN 1793-4.
Enolase 1 Regulates Stem Cell-Like Properties in Gastric Cancer Cells by Stimulating Glycolysis (2020)

Abstract Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare sub-group of gastric cancer (GC) cells and play an important role in promoting the tumor growth and progression of GC. In the present study, we demonstrated that the glycolytic enzyme Enolase 1 (ENO1) was involved in the regulation of the stem cell-like characteristics of GC cells. Methods: Self-renewal, Chemosensitivity and invasion of GC cells were evaluated by sphere formation, Chemosensitivity assay and invasion assay respectively. Glycolysis level was examined by the Seahorse XFe/XF Analyzer. ENO1 expression was determined in 83 GC specimens by immunohistochemistry. Results: The expression of ENO1 in sphere cells markedly increased as compared to the parental cell lines PAMC-82 and SNU16. We then observed that ENO1 could enhance stem cell-like characteristics, including self-renewal capacity, cell invasion and migration, chemoresistance, and even the tumorigenicity of GC cells. ENO1 is known as an enzyme that is involved in glycolysis, and our results showed that ENO1 could markedly promote the glycolytic activity of cells. Furthermore, inhibiting glycolysis activity using 2-Deoxy-D-glucose treatment significantly reduced the stemness of GC cells. Therefore, ENO1 could improve the stemness of CSCs by enhancing the cells’ glycolysis. Subsequently, to further confirm our results, we found that the inhibition of ENO1 using AP-III-a4 (ENOblock) could reduce the stemness of GC cells to a similar extent as the knockdown of ENO1 by shRNA. Finally, increased expression of ENO1 was related with poor prognosis in GC patients. Conclusion: Taken together, our results demonstrated that ENO1 is a significant biomarker associated with the stemness of GC cells.
Reply: (2015)

We would like to sincerely thank Dr Niemczyk for his commentary on our recent article. We agree that despite the increased risks of aneurysm repair in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPCKD), aneurysm screening programs are beneficial in this population.[1][1] The issue