gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theta Stimulation Polymerizes Actin in Dendritic Spines of Hippocampus (2005)

It has been proposed that the endurance of long-term potentiation (LTP) depends on structural changes entailing reorganization of the spine actin cytoskeleton. The present study used a new technique involving intracellular and extracellular application of rhodamine-phalloidin to conventional hippocampal slices to test whether induction of LTP by naturalistic patterns of afferent activity selectively increases actin polymerization in juvenile to young adult spines. Rhodamine-phalloidin, which selectively binds to polymerized actin, was detected in perikarya and proximal dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells that received low-frequency afferent activity but was essentially absent in spines and fine dendritic processes. Theta pattern stimulation induced LTP and caused a large (threefold), reliable increase in labeled spines and spine-like puncta in the proximal dendritic zone containing potentiated synapses. The spines frequently occurred in the absence of labeling to other structures but were also found in association with fluorescent dendritic processes. These effects were replicated (>10-fold increase in labeled spines) using extracellular applications of rhodamine-phalloidin. Increases in labeling appeared within 2 min, were completely blocked by treatments that prevent LTP induction, and occurred in slices prepared from young adult rats. These results indicate that near-threshold conditions for inducing stable potentiation cause the rapid polymerization of actin in mature spines and suggest that the effect is both sufficiently discrete to satisfy the synapse-specificity rule of LTP as well as rapid enough to participate in the initial stages of LTP consolidation.
How Science Fails Successfully (2023)

This chapter investigates the positive role of failure in scientific research. Failure is shown to be a requirement of an active research program and is a good rather than problematic component of research. Failures are windows on the unknown unknown – the deepest sort of unknown. Failed experiments tell us that there was something we didn’t know we did not know. We regularly underestimate the acceptable level of failure. Failure can occur at a much higher rate than we suppose, and failures can be larger than we estimate. Finally, a healthy rate of failure lends credence to scientific data since science makes no claims to infallibility.
Partially Oxygen-Bridged Triphenylamines with a Quasiplanar Structure as a Key Scaffold for Hole-Transporting Materials (2016)

Organic electronics have attracted much attention as they promise great potential for applications as lightweight and flexible electronic devices. In order to improve the performance of such devices, the development of improved charge-transporting materials is of paramount importance. The molecular design of such materials should aim to control not only the electronic structure, but also the molecular orientation of these compounds in the solid state. For the development of materials with improved charge-transporting properties, we focused on compounds with a quasiplanar structure, i.e. a structure that is slightly twisted from planarity. As a model skeleton, we designed and synthesized partially oxygen-bridged triarylamines. On the basis of their quasiplanar skeletons as key units, we have developed hole-transporting materials (HTMs) that were subsequently used in organic electronics devices, such as OLEDs and perovskite solar cells, and led to improved performances. This account article illustrates our endeavors regarding the development of such functional π-conjugated materials, with a focus on facile and efficient synthetic strategies.
59.4: Real‐Time Dynamic Holographic Display Based on a Liquid Crystal Thin Film (2012)

Abstract Real‐time holographic display is achieved with holographic response time of ∼1ms in a liquid crystal film without any applied electric field. Angular multiplexed hologram display is also demonstrated, illustrating the possibility of a color holographic three‐dimensional display with the liquid crystal film.
Neutron diffraction on functional materials using special sample environments (2011)

C239 first of these we present a new divalent Mn succinate framework, Mn(C 4 H 4 O 4 ), which undergoes several magnetic phase transitions at low temperature. This compound contains two well separated MnO 6 octahedral sheets with very different connectivity creating two significantly different and well seperated magnetic planes. Neutron powder diffraction has been used to examine the magnetic structure of these planes and this will be presented alongside the important role Mn 2+ plays in stabilising this unusual structure.
Anticipatory Allocation of Communication and Computational Resources at the Edge Using Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Mobile Users (2021)

Multi-access Edge Computing represents a key enabling technology for emerging mobile networks. It offers intensive computational resources very close to the end-users, useful for task offloading purposes. Many scientific contributions already proposed approaches for optimally allocating these resources over time. However, most of them fail to take advantage of the prediction of both users’ mobility and service demands over a look-ahead temporal horizon. To bridge this gap, this paper formulates a novel methodology for anticipatorily allocating communication and computational resources at the network edge, based on the prediction of spatio-temporal dynamics of mobile users. The conceived architecture exploits a Software-Defined Networking approach to monitor users’ mobility, a Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory to predict over different look-ahead horizons the number of users within a given number of cells and their related service demands, and Dynamic Programming to optimally allocate users’ requests among available Multi-access Edge Computing servers. Computer simulations investigate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in a realistic autonomous driving use case and compare its behavior against a baseline solution. Obtained results demonstrate its unique ability to dynamically and fairly distribute users’ requests among the resources available at the network edge, while ensuring the targeted quality of service level.
Highly Densified Mesoporous Bulk Silica Prepared with Colloidal Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles toward a New Low-k Material (2012)

Abstract We report the fabrication of highly densified mesoporous bulk silica consisting of colloidal mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) by using a hydrothermal hot-pressing method. No cracks or voids are found in the synthesized bulk. The mesoporous structure of the bulk is maintained as well as that of the original MSNs. The MSN-based bulk with large pore volume shows potential as a low-k material.
Total Synthesis of the Analgesic Conotoxin MrVIB through Selenocysteine‐Assisted Folding (2011)

Eine Lösung für Faltungsprobleme: Selenocystein(Sec)-Reste wurden genutzt, um die Faltung von Conotoxin MrVIB, einem vormals „unfaltbaren“ Miniprotein mit therapeutischem Potenzial, zu induzieren (siehe Bild). Diese Strategie für die einfache Faltung von Peptiden und Proteinen mit mehreren Disulfidbindungen dürfte allgemein anwendbar sein.
Astrocytes are more resistant than cerebral endothelial cells toward geno‐ and cytotoxicity mediated by short‐term oxidative stress (2006)

Evidence is accumulating that capillary endothelial cells (cEC) and astrocytes play a pivotal role in neuroprotection, in particular with respect to counteract oxidative injury. Furthermore, differences among both cell types in response to oxidative stress have been shown and astrocytes seem to be more tolerant in terms of cytotoxicity, however, no reports exist on oxidative stress mediated genotoxicity in astrocytes. We investigated genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress in astrocytes and cECs induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation or by the redox cycling quinone DMNQ. Additionally, the dependence of these effects on glucose availabilty was also studied. On exposure to Hy/Re or 10 muM DMNQ for 24 hr, the frequency of micronucleated and apoptotic cells was significantly increasing, however, astrocytes proved to be more resistant to apoptosis induction, in particular on use of DMNQ. In astrocytes, the low background rates of necrotic cells were not affected and a significant necrosis induction was only detectable in cECs exposed to DMNQ for 24 hr. Short-term exposure to DMNQ (1 hr) had no effect in astrocytes but exerted significant geno- and cytotoxicity in cECs. Increasing the glucose concentration markedly reduced oxidative stress mediated geno- and cytotoxicity in astrocytes. Surprisingly, glucose deprivation (aglycemia) suppressed DMNQ induced micronucleus formation in astrocytes without affecting the frequency of apoptotic cells. Our results indicate that astrocytes are more resistant to oxidative stress than cECs, in particular regarding the potential to counteract genotoxicity as well as apoptosis induction mediated by a short term oxidative insult.
Ultrasound super-resolution with microbubble contrast agents (2017)

Ultrasound super-resolution imaging can be achieved by localizing spatially isolated microbubble contrast agents over multiple imaging frames. In vivo images with resolutions of ∼10–20 microns in deep tissue have been demonstrated. The technique has the potential to revolutionize the way micro-circulation can be visualized and quantified, and has implications in a wide range of clinical applications including cancer, diabetes and beyond. In this paper we describe the principle of the technique with in vivo results demonstrating the superior resolution achieved compared with existing ultrasound imaging. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities in the area of 3D imaging including, imaging speed, tissue motion and microbubble localization errors.
Clinical and genetic associations for carboplatin‐related ototoxicity in children treated for retinoblastoma: A retrospective noncomparative single‐institute experience (2018)

We observed a 25% prevalence of ototoxicity in patients with retinoblastoma treated with carboplatin, higher than previously published. Age at chemotherapy initiation was associated with carboplatin-induced ototoxicity, with children <4.25 months of age at highest risk.
The Dynamic LMS for Line Echo Cancellation (2013)

To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the proposal using the dynamic least mean square (DLMS) algorithm to reduce the computation load of LMS. Moreover, three regions of impulse response of line echo path are also proposed to analyze the redundant coefficients. Using the DLMS method, redundant coefficients can be detected and grouped, thereby automatically reducing computation. We employed line echo cancellation (LEC) to evaluate the performance of DLMS. The pure-delay and overlong regions of impulse response of line echo path are grouped and the associated computation load is reduced. The experimental results confirm the excellent performance of DLMS achieving a 35% savings in computation. Moreover, the quality echo return loss enhancement (ERLE) of DLMS also maintains at a level nearly equal to LMS.
Neural Volumes: Learning Dynamic Renderable Volumes from Images (2019)

Modeling and rendering of dynamic scenes is challenging, as natural scenes often contain complex phenomena such as thin structures, evolving topology, translucency, scattering, occlusion, and biological motion. Mesh-based reconstruction and tracking often fail in these cases, and other approaches (e.g., light field video) typically rely on constrained viewing conditions, which limit interactivity. We circumvent these difficulties by presenting a learning-based approach to representing dynamic objects inspired by the integral projection model used in tomographic imaging. The approach is supervised directly from 2D images in a multi-view capture setting and does not require explicit reconstruction or tracking of the object. Our method has two primary components: an encoder-decoder network that transforms input images into a 3D volume representation, and a differentiable ray-marching operation that enables end-to-end training. By virtue of its 3D representation, our construction extrapolates better to novel viewpoints compared to screen-space rendering techniques. The encoder-decoder architecture learns a latent representation of a dynamic scene that enables us to produce novel content sequences not seen during training. To overcome memory limitations of voxel-based representations, we learn a dynamic irregular grid structure implemented with a warp field during ray-marching. This structure greatly improves the apparent resolution and reduces grid-like artifacts and jagged motion. Finally, we demonstrate how to incorporate surface-based representations into our volumetric-learning framework for applications where the highest resolution is required, using facial performance capture as a case in point.
A Chaos-Based Data Encryption Algorithm for Image/Video (2010)

This paper discussed a chaos-based data encryption algorithm for image or media. Encryption and decryption keys are obtained by Chebyshev map, which confuses the plain-text with random input keys. Then Logistic map and Nonlinear Chaotic Algorithm (NCA) are used to confuse the plain-text and shuffle the position of the plain-text respectively. The algorithm is described in detail, along with the security analysis. The experiments show that the algorithm is very sensitive to the keys and plaintext, which can resist existed attacks such as information entropy attacks, statistics attacks and chosen/known plain-text attacks.
Iron-Catalyzed Oxidation of (+)-Catechin in Model Systems (1996)

Autoxidation of (+)-catechin in wine-like model solutions containing 0−20 mg L-1 of ferrous iron was monitored by HPLC with diode array detection. The rate of catechin oxidation and the extent of browning increased with the iron level. Some of the oxidation products were formed in larger amounts at higher iron concentrations. These included colorless compounds and yellow pigments with absorbance maxima between 440 and 460 nm. The iron-catalyzed reactions leading to these compounds competed with iron-independent reactions generating different products which are presumably identical to those formed in enzymically oxidized catechin solutions. Keywords: (+)-Catechin; autoxidation; ferrous ions; CLHP; browning
Performance of a combined chromatic confocal microscope with thin film reflectometer (2010)

Chromatic confocal microscopy is a common way to interrogate topologies and is well understood. Thin film
reflectometry (TFR), on the other hand, is a way to monitor film thicknesses. Semiconductor and optics producing
industries, e.g., require information about topological, film thickness or optical constants. We developed
a spectrometric measuring system which is capable of determining high precision thin film thickness and topographic
information of a specimen at the same time. The spectral intensity distribution reflected by a transparent
thin film differs from a spectroscopic confocal observation by a chromatic measurement head, since the spectral
interference fringes appear in the spectra. The spectrometer-based system interrogates both confocal, as well as
thin film signals employing an analytical model of the chromatic shift of the measuring head, film composition
and a least-square estimator.
Hence, the advantage of this combined measuring system is the concurrent determination of film thickness and
distance to the measuring head. By scanning the surface of a specimen laterally, a both tomo- and topological
image can be acquired. Spacial measurements at test objects were carried out to demonstrate this measurement
principle and the results are discussed.
Synthesis of the .alpha.,.beta.-diketo amide segment of the novel immunosuppressive FK506 (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSynthesis of the .alpha.,.beta.-diketo amide segment of the novel immunosuppressive FK506D. R. Williams and J. W. BenbowCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 19, 4643–4644Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00254a060Request reuse permissionsArticle Views351Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (305 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rotor blade optimization and flight testing of a small UAV rotorcraft (2019)

Rotor blade optimization with blade airfoil Reynolds numbers between 100 000 and 500 000 — characteristic of small single-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) — was performed for hover using blade element momentum theory (BEMT) and demonstrated via flight tests. BEMT was used to test various airfoil profiles and rotor blade shapes using airfoil data from 2D computational fluid dynamics simulations with Reynolds numbers representative of the blade elements. Selected blade designs were manufactured and flight tested on a Blade 600X single main-rotor UAV (671 mm blade radius) to validate the theoretical results. The parameters considered during the optimization process were the rotor frequency, radius, taper ratio, twist, chord length, airfoil profile, and blade number. The best of the improved blade designs increased the figure of merit, a measure of rotor efficiency, from 0.31 to 0.68 and reduced power consumption by 54%. Reducing the rotational frequency accounted for 45% of the improvement in power consumption, while the taper ratio and blade number accounted for 25% and 17%, respectively. The blade twist and airfoil profile only had a minor effect on the power consumption, contributing 7% and 6% to the improvement. The rotor diameter and root chord were kept identical to the original rotor and hence had no contribution. The presented results could serve as useful guidelines to single-rotor UAV manufacturers and operators for increasing endurance and payload capabilities.
Eburnane‐14‐spiro heterocycles. Synthesis and stereostructure determination by NMR spectroscopy (1993)

Abstract New spiroheterocyclic systems, eburnane‐14‐spiro‐5′‐oxazolidinedione, eburnane‐14‐spiro‐4′‐imidazolidinedione and related compounds were prepared by reacting vincamine stereoisomers or 14‐desoxy‐14‐aminovincamines with alkyl isocyanates. Stereostructures of the new compounds were proved by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, including DR, DNOE, DEPT and 2D HSC measurements.
Biochemical and Phylogenetic Analyses of a Cold-Active β-Galactosidase from the Lactic Acid Bacterium Carnobacterium piscicola BA (1999)

We are investigating glycosyl hydrolases from new psychrophilic isolates to examine the adaptations of enzymes to low temperatures. A beta-galactosidase from isolate BA, which we have classified as a strain of the lactic acid bacterium Carnobacterium piscicola, was capable of hydrolyzing the chromogen 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-Gal) at 4 degrees C and possessed higher activity in crude cell lysates at 25 than at 37 degrees C. Sequence analysis of a cloned DNA fragment encoding this activity revealed a gene cluster containing three glycosyl hydrolases with homology to an alpha-galactosidase and two beta-galactosidases. The larger of the two beta-galactosidase genes, bgaB, encoded the 76.8-kDa cold-active enzyme. This gene was homologous to family 42 glycosyl hydrolases, a group which contains several thermophilic enzymes but none from lactic acid bacteria. The bgaB gene from isolate BA was subcloned in Escherichia coli, and its enzyme, BgaB, was purified. The purified enzyme was highly unstable and required 10% glycerol to maintain activity. Its optimal temperature for activity was 30 degrees C, and it was inactivated at 40 degrees C in 10 min. The K(m) of freshly purified enzyme at 30 degrees C was 1.7 mM, and the V(max) was 450 micromol. min(-1). mg(-1) with o-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside. This cold-active enzyme is interesting because it is homologous to a thermophilic enzyme from Bacillus stearothermophilus, and comparisons could provide information about structural features important for activity at low temperatures.
Length Distribution and Other Dimensional Parameters of Chopped Forage by Image Analysis (2014)

<abstract> <bold><sc>Abstract.</sc></bold> Traditional particle size analysis of chopped forage is done by mechanical sieving, thereby providing mass distribution of one dimension. Recent studies have shown that long and narrow particles can tip during shaking and slide through holes smaller than the longest particle dimension. Meanwhile, well calibrated image analysis is definitely more accurate than screening in measuring true dimensions of chopped particles. An experiment was carried out with chopped alfalfa and corn harvested at three theoretical lengths of cut (TLOC = 4.8, 9.5, and 11.1 mm). Particles were initially sorted by the ASABE standard screening method. Particles within each screen were spread on a flat surface and photographed. Pictures were processed with the Image Analysis Toolbox in MATLAB, providing total pixel area, vector length (greatest distance between two points on the periphery), and an estimate of width for individual particles. All particles per picture were weighed, providing an estimate of volume and the third dimension (thickness). The ASABE standard method underestimated particle length as measured by image analysis by an average of 31%. Width was not significantly different for alfalfa particles at three TLOC, as expected, but it increased for corn as TLOC increased, indicating breakage in two dimensions (length and width) due to the bulky nature of corn. Image analysis and mass measurements provided detailed information on total outer surface area per unit mass, with an average of 218 cm<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> dry matter (DM) for alfalfa particles and 133 cm<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> DM for corn particles. Combining image analysis and mechanical sieving improved the estimation of mass and dimensional parameters.
Manipulation dextre par des mains mécaniques avec prise en compte de la dynamique (2012)

Notre travail présente une stratégie de manipulation fine d'objets avec la prise en compte de la dynamique du système, par une main mécanique. L'objet de cette stratégie est de réaliser des tâches de manipulation dextre; le positionnement et le changement de l'orientation de l'objet manipulé est réalisé par la seule main et à l'intérieur de son espace de travail. Des résultats expérimentaux seront présentés en utilisant une main mécanique anthropomorphe développée à l'Institut Pprime de Poitiers.