gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inner speech and bilingual autobiographical memory: A Polish-Danish cross-cultural study (2002)

Thirty years after fleeing from Poland to Denmark, 20 immigrants were enlisted in a study of bilingual autobiographical memory. Ten "early immigrators" averaged 24 years old at the time of immigration, and ten "late immigrators" averaged 34 years old at immigration. Although all 20 had spent 30 years in Denmark, early immigrators reported more current inner speech behaviours in Danish, whereas late immigrators showed more use of Polish. Both groups displayed proportionally more numerous autobiographical retrievals that were reported as coming to them internally in Polish (vs Danish) for the decades prior to immigration and more in Danish (vs Polish) after immigration. We propose a culture- and language-specific shaping of semantic and conceptual stores that underpins autobiographical and world knowledge.
Dispersion engineering in nonlinear soft glass photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with liquids (2016)

We present a numerical study of the dispersion characteristic modification of nonlinear photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with liquids. A photonic crystal fiber based on the soft glass PBG-08, infiltrated with 17 different organic solvents, is proposed. The glass has a light transmission window in the visible-mid-IR range of 0.4-5 μm and has a higher refractive index than fused silica, which provides high contrast between the fiber structure and the liquids. A fiber with air holes is designed and then developed in the stack-and-draw process. Analyzing SEM images of the real fiber, we calculate numerically the refractive index, effective mode area, and dispersion of the fundamental mode for the case when the air holes are filled with liquids. The influence of the liquids on the fiber properties is discussed. Numerical simulations of supercontinuum generation for the fiber with air holes only and infiltrated with toluene are presented.
Laser-optical-system error sensing using scattered light (1982)

A noninterference technique is described for obtaining information relating to optical-system jitter, focus, and astigmatism errors by means of scattered laser light.
Fault diagnosis of TSV-based interconnects in 3-D stacked designs (2013)

Through-silicon vias (TSVs) are crucial elements of 3-D bonded integrated circuits. Since they connect different layers of 3-D stacks, their proper operation is an essential prerequisite for the system function. This paper describes a procedure for deriving fault diagnosis test sequences to identify single and multiple defective TSVs. Additional experimental results obtained for pseudorandom patterns illustrate feasibility and robustness of the proposed test schemes in terms of their detection and diagnostic capabilities and are reported herein.
IgE and IgE Receptors (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The IgE molecule High-affinity receptor (FcεRI) Low-affinity receptor (CD23 or FcεRII) Counterreceptor for CD23 (CD21) Other counterreceptors for CD23: integrins The ε-binding protein: galectin-3 The IgE network and prospects for therapeutic intervention Acknowledgments References
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring among emergency medical services night shift workers (2020)

During night shift work, the BP dipping of EMS shift workers is blunted; however, most who nap for 60 min or longer experience a healthy dip in BP. The potential health consequences of these observations in EMS clinicians warrant further study.
Fault detection and diagnosis of historical vehicle engines using acoustic emission techniques (2021)

&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;The reactivation of artefact mechanisms is always a challenge for conservators. Non-invasive diagnostic techniques, applicable directly on the artifacts, allows for performing early-stage diagnostics and avoiding damage. The Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Historical Vehicles (ACUME_HV) project represents the first use of acoustic emission (AE) as a non-invasive technique for the diagnostics of historical vehicles. The aim of this project is to develop an objective, human-independent method. This will help museum personnel to make decisions regarding the reactivation of historical vehicle engines using measurements and data analysis rather than merely personal experience. Herein, we present the results of the first phase of the ACUME_HV project, which was focused on the development of a protocol for the use of AE during cold tests.&lt;/span&gt;
FBK's Machine Translation Systems for IWSLT 2012's TED Lectures (2012)

This paper reports on FBK’s Machine Translation (MT) submissions at the IWSLT 2012 Evaluation on the TED talk translation tasks. We participated in the English-French and the Arabic-, Dutch-, German-, and Turkish-English translation tasks. Several improvements are reported over our last year baselines. In addition to using fill-up combinations of phrase-tables for domain adaptation, we explore the use of corpora filtering based on cross-entropy to produce concise and accurate translation and language models. We describe challenges encountered in under-resourced languages (Turkish) and language-specific preprocessing needs.
Observed and modeled solar cycle variation in geocoronal hydrogen using NRLMSISE‐00 thermosphere conditions and the Bishop analytic exosphere model (2012)

High precision observations during Solar Cycle 23 using the Wisconsin H‐alpha Mapper (WHAM) Fabry‐Perot quantify a factor of 1.5 ± 0.15 higher Balmer α column emission intensity during near‐solar‐maximum than during solar minimum conditions. An unresolved question is how does the observed solar cycle variation in the hydrogen column emission compare with that calculated from the hydrogen distribution in atmospheric models? We have compared WHAM solar minimum and near‐solar‐maximum column intensity observations with calculations using the thermospheric hydrogen density profile and background thermospheric conditions from the Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter (NRLMSISE‐00) empirical model extended to exospheric altitudes using the analytic exosphere model of Bishop (1991). Using this distribution, we apply the lyao_rt global resonance radiative transfer code of Bishop (1999) to calculate expected intensities that would be observed from the ground for the viewing conditions of the observations. The observed intensities are brighter than those calculated for the corresponding conditions, indicating that when MSIS is used as the thermospheric hydrogen distribution the derived intensities are too low. Additionally, both the observed and calculated WHAM hydrogen column emission intensities are higher for near‐solar‐maximum than for solar minimum conditions. There is better agreement between observations and intensities calculated using the evaporative analytic exosphere model at solar maximum, suggesting an underestimation of modeled satellite atoms at high altitudes. This result is consistent with sensitivity studies using the option for a quasi‐exobase for satellite atoms to account for the creation of satellite orbits from charge exchange collisions.
Competitve buffer management for shared-memory switches (2001)

We consider buffer management policies for shared memory packet switches supporting Quality of Service (QoS). There are two interesting dimensions in which the setting may different. The first is the packet size, whether all the packets of the same fixed size or do packets have variable length. The second is the value of the packets, do all the packets have the same value or do different packets have different values.
On the possibility of using electrical impedance computed tomography to diagnose lung damage with COVID-19 virus. (2020)

It is suggested to use the method of Electric Impedance Computer Tomography (EICT) for detection human lungs pathologies, caused by coronavirus COVID-19 by measuring electric conductivity of the lung tissue, in particular, the alveoli.
Alteration of Membrane Cholesterol Content Plays a Key Role in Regulation of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Channel Activity (2021)

Altered cholesterol homeostasis in cystic fibrosis patients has been reported, although controversy remains. As a major membrane lipid component, cholesterol modulates the function of multiple ion channels by complicated mechanisms. However, whether cholesterol directly modulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel function remains unknown. To answer this question, we determined the effects of changing plasma membrane cholesterol levels on CFTR channel function utilizing polarized fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cells and primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) significantly reduced total cholesterol content in FRT cells, which significantly decreased forskolin (FSK)-mediated activation of both wildtype (WT-) and P67L-CFTR. This effect was also seen in HBE cells expressing WT-CFTR. Cholesterol modification by cholesterol oxidase and cholesterol esterase also distinctly affected activation of CFTR by FSK. In addition, alteration of cholesterol increased the potency of VX-770, a clinically used potentiator of CFTR, when both WT- and P67L-CFTR channels were activated at low FSK concentrations; this likely reflects the apparent shift in the sensitivity of WT-CFTR to FSK after alteration of membrane cholesterol. These results demonstrate that changes in the plasma membrane cholesterol level significantly modulate CFTR channel function and consequently may affect sensitivity to clinical therapeutics in CF patients.
976 (2015)

Kantamneni, Phani; Guzman, Jorge; Dugar, Siddharth; Moghekar, Ajit; Duggal, Abhijit; Krishnan, Sudhir
Effect of Linker Stereochemistry on the Activity of Indolinobenzodiazepine Containing Antibody–Drug Conjugates (ADCs) (2019)

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) that incorporate potent indolinobenzodiazepine DNA alkylators as the payload component are currently undergoing clinical evaluation. In one ADC design, the payload molecules are linked to the antibody through a peptidase-labile l-Ala-l-Ala linker. In order to determine the role of amino acid stereochemistry on antitumor activity and tolerability, we incorporated l- and d-alanyl groups in the dipeptide, synthesized all four diastereomers, and prepared and tested the corresponding ADCs. Results of our preclinical evaluation showed that the l-Ala-l-Ala configuration provided the ADC with the highest therapeutic index (antitumor activity vs toxicity).
Oral or Topical Exposure to Glyphosate in Herbicide Formulation Impacts the Gut Microbiota and Survival Rates of Honey Bees (2020)

Honey bees are important agricultural pollinators that rely on a specific gut microbiota for the regulation of their immune system and defense against pathogens. Environmental stressors that affect the bee gut microbial community, such as antibiotics and glyphosate, can indirectly compromise bee health. Most of the experiments demonstrating these effects have been done under laboratory conditions with pure chemicals. Here, we investigated the oral and topical effects of various concentrations of glyphosate in a herbicide formulation on the honey bee gut microbiota and health under laboratory and field conditions. Under all of these conditions, the formulation, dissolved in sucrose syrup or water, affected the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the bee gut in a dose-dependent way. Mark-recapture experiments also demonstrated that bees exposed to the formulation were more likely to disappear from the colony, once reintroduced after exposure. Although no visible effects were observed for hives exposed to the formulation in field experiments, challenge trials with the pathogen <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, performed under laboratory conditions, revealed that bees from hives exposed to the formulation exhibited increased mortality compared with bees from control hives. In the field experiments, glyphosate was detected in honey collected from exposed hives, showing that worker bees transfer xenobiotics to the hive, thereby extending exposure and increasing the chances of exposure to recently emerged bees. These findings show that different routes of exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide can affect honey bees and their gut microbiota.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The honey bee gut microbial community plays a vital role in immune response and defense against opportunistic pathogens. Environmental stressors, such as the herbicide glyphosate, may affect the gut microbiota, with negative consequences for bee health. Glyphosate is usually sprayed in the field mixed with adjuvants, which enhance herbicidal activity. These adjuvants may also enhance undesired effects in nontargeted organisms. This seems to be the case for glyphosate-based herbicide on honey bees. As we show in this study, oral exposure to either pure glyphosate or glyphosate in a commercial herbicide formulation perturbs the gut microbiota of honey bees, and topical exposure to the formulation also has a direct effect on honey bee health, increasing mortality in a dose-dependent way and leaving surviving bees with a perturbed microbiota. Understanding the effects of herbicide formulations on honey bees may help to protect these important agricultural pollinators.
A near-field modulation chopping stabilized injection-locked oscillator sensor for protein conformation detection at microwave frequency (2015)

A near-field modulation chopping technique is implemented in an injection-locked oscillator sensor for the detection of protein conformation changes. With the addition of shielding electrodes, the signal is chopped by electronically switching the paths of the displacement sensing currents while minimizing the up-conversion of the 1/f noise. To maximize the dynamic range, feedback-around-sensor utilizing embedded varactors is applied. A 16-GHz prototype in 65-nm CMOS demonstrates the techniques lower the 1/f corner frequency from 10 to 0.25 kHz while achieving 74.5 dB of dynamic range. Bio-molecular sensing is validated with thermal-cycled bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions at different conditions.
Usability Assessment of Delivery Applications for Visually Impaired People: A Case from Saudi Arabia (2022)

Technology has become an essential part of our lives, and many of our daily tasks have become entirely dependent on it. For example, routine chores such as shopping for household necessities, booking travel tickets, going to places using all different kinds of transportations etc., are quickly done through mobile phones. And because of how it is easy to use mobile phones, we may forget that others, such as the visually impaired, may face many difficulties when using them. In this research two of the most widely used delivery applications in Saudi Arabia, namely, Hungerstation and Mrsool were studied and evaluated in order to assess their usability for people with visual impairments. Evaluation results show that both applications have usability problems. Nonetheless, the results of the standard ISO usability metrics (Effectiveness, Efficiency and satisfaction) showed that Hungerstation is more usable than Mrsool.
Minimum standards of pelvic exenterative practice: PelvEx Collaborative guideline (2022)

This document outlines the important aspects of caring for patients who have been diagnosed with advanced pelvic cancer. It is primarily aimed at those who are establishing a service that adequately caters to this patient group. The relevant literature has been summarized and an attempt made to simplify the approach to management of these complex cases.
Effects of deprotected species on chemically amplified resist systems (1994)

We studied the deprotecting chemistry of poly(4-hydroxystyrene) based positive-working CA resist systems by using model reactions. Detailed analyses of acid-catalyzed deprotecting reactions of TMS-, THP-, and t-BOC-protected p-cresols were carried out, and it was found that alkylated derivatives of p- cresol were formed as major products for THP- and t-BOC-protected p-cresol, while no alkylated products were obtained for TMS derivatives after deprotection treatment (90 degree(s)C, 2 min). In the THP- and t-BOC-protected PHS systems were also observed such alkylations, which decreased the alkaline dissolution rate of the polymer film. The alkylations are considered to lower the alkaline dissolution contrast between an exposed area and an unexposed area in a resist film, and to deteriorate the resist performance. Therefore, we propose to introduce an alkylation inhibitor to the resist components so as to improve the performance.
Schisandrin B as a Hormetic Agent for Preventing Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases (2012)

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, with the latter preceding the appearance of clinical symptoms. The energy failure resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction further impedes brain function, which demands large amounts of energy. Schisandrin B (Sch B), an active ingredient isolated from Fructus Schisandrae, has been shown to afford generalized tissue protection against oxidative damage in various organs, including the brain, of experimental animals. Recent experimental findings have further demonstrated that Sch B can protect neuronal cells against oxidative challenge, presumably by functioning as a hormetic agent to sustain cellular redox homeostasis and mitoenergetic capacity in neuronal cells. The combined actions of Sch B offer a promising prospect for preventing or possibly delaying the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as enhancing brain health.
Securing wireless body sensor networks using bijective function-based hardware primitive (2015)

We present a novel lightweight hardware security primitive for wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs). Security of WBSNs is crucial and the security solution must be lightweight due to resource constraints in the body senor nodes. The presented security primitive is based on digital implementation of bidirectional bijective function. The one-to-one input-output mapping of the function is realized using a network of lookup tables (LUTs). The bidirectionality of the function enables implementation of security protocols with lower overheads. The configuration of the interstage interconnection between the LUTs serves as the shared secret key. Authentication, encryption/decryption and message integrity protocols are formulated using the proposed security primitive. NIST randomness benchmark suite is applied to this security primitive and it passes all the tests. It also achieves higher throughput and requires less area than AES-CCM.
Electrochromic and magnetic ionic liquids (2010)

Ionic liquids can be made intrinsically electrochromic and magnetic through the appropriate combination of electrochromic and magnetic anions based on ethylenediaminetetraacetic metal complexes, combined with several organic cations. These novel and highly multi-functional materials encompass the peculiar properties of ionic liquids together with the characteristics of electrochromic and magnetic materials.
The Effect of Mn, Cr, and Ni Additions on the Structure, Strength, and Toughness of Tempered Martensite and Bainite in Low C Steels (1975)

The effect of alloying elements on the structure and the strength-toughness relationship of tempered martensite and bainite have been studied in 0.15%C-0.5%Mo and 0.3%C-0.5%Mo steels by the addition of 1.5-2.5% to Mn, Cr, and Ni.Differences in the substructure and the strength-toughness relationship are not large in the tempered martensite when the alloying element is changed. The difference, however, becomes remarkable in the bainite with the increase of the formation temperature, especially in the lower C steels. The results of the comparison among these alloying elements made on the bainite formed at higher ltemperatures can be summarized as follows. The bainite in Ni steels shows the coarsest structure with the coarsest particles of carbide. The bainite in Mn steels is similar to that in Ni steels. The structure of the bainite in Cr steels is the finest and quite different from those in the other steels. As for the toughness of bainite, Ni steels show the best followed by Mn steels, and Cr steel the worst. The size of unit fracture facet of these bainite is almost the same. The hardness of the bainite is rather dependent on the formation temperature than the alloying element.It is concluded from these results that the intrinsic toughness affected by the alloying element plays more important role in these transformation products formed at higher temperatures than the factors such as the size of unit fracture facet and carbides which have been considered to be important if the alloying element is the same.
Synthesis of polyamide‐quinazolinediones from 2,2′‐disubstituted bis(1,3,4‐oxadiazolin‐5‐ones) and aromatic bis‐o‐amino esters (1982)

Abstract A novel class of polyamide‐quinazolinediones was synthesized by the polymerization of 2,2′‐disubstituted bis(1,3,4‐oxadiazolin‐5‐ones) with aromatic bis‐ o ‐amino esters in m ‐cresol. The polymerization probably proceeded in the formation of ring‐opening adducts, which in turn were cyclized by the elimination of alcohol to give polyamide–quinazolinediones. These polymers, which were soluble in polar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, and dimethyl sulfoxide, had, with one exception, reduced viscosities in the range of 0.12–0.32 dL/g. Thermogravimetric analyses indicated that they began to decompose at 310–360°C in air.
Advanced glycation endproducts and plaque instability: a link beyond diabetes (2013)

This editorial refers to ‘Higher levels of advanced glycation endproducts in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques are associated with a rupture-prone phenotype’[†][1], by N.M.J. Hanssen et al. , on page 1137 

Despite clear advances in the treatment of vascular disease, we are still far from the understanding and valid assessment of the natural history of atherosclerotic plaque. Several studies have shown that the vulnerable plaque is the main culprit for ischaemic cardiac and cerebral events, but reliable indicators of plaque instability remain elusive in clinical practice.1 This aspect deserves attention since rupture of carotid plaques explains at least 15–20% of all ischaemic strokes or transient ischaemic attacks.2 Over 15 million people per year suffer strokes worldwide, resulting in 5 million deaths, and an additional 5 million remain permanently disabled.2 Treatment of carotid artery stenosis by endoarterectomy or stenting can significantly reduce stroke risk, but it is also accompanied by surgery-related morbidity and mortality.1,2 Moreover, not all carotid artery plaques become symptomatic and result in ischaemic events. In this perspective, the identification of carotid plaques at high risk for neurological events is fundamental to the selection of patients for vascular interventions.

Different processes involved in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions have been associated with plaque vulnerability.3 Previous seminal investigations have clearly shown that inflammation, proteolysis, and apoptosis are major drivers of plaque complexity and fragility.3 Pathological features of unstable plaques are represented by an atheromatous thin fibrous cap, large necrotic core, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and scarce calcification. Despite available imaging techniques providing an exhaustive macroscopic characterization of the plaque, the inner mechanisms involved remain to be largely elucidated and characterization of the molecular processes is achieved only at post-operative or post-mortem examination.1 The assessment of early markers of plaque vulnerability is an attractive …

 [1]: #fn-2