gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inducible overexpression of adiponectin receptors highlight the roles of adiponectin-induced ceramidase signaling in lipid and glucose homeostasis (2017)

OBJECTIVE: Adiponectin and the signaling induced by its cognate receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, have garnered attention for their ability to promote insulin sensitivity and oppose steatosis. Activation of these receptors promotes the deacylation of ceramide, a lipid metabolite that appears to play a causal role in impairing insulin signaling. METHODS: Here, we have developed transgenic mice that overexpress AdipoR1 or AdipoR2 under the inducible control of a tetracycline response element. These represent the first inducible genetic models that acutely manipulate adiponectin receptor signaling in adult mouse tissues, which allows us to directly assess AdipoR signaling on glucose and lipid metabolism. RESULTS: Overexpression of either adiponectin receptor isoform in the adipocyte or hepatocyte is sufficient to enhance ceramidase activity, whole body glucose metabolism, and hepatic insulin sensitivity, while opposing hepatic steatosis. Importantly, metabolic improvements fail to occur in an adiponectin knockout background. When challenged with a leptin-deficient genetic model of type 2 diabetes, AdipoR2 expression in adipose or liver is sufficient to reverse hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. CONCLUSION: These observations reveal that adiponectin is critical for AdipoR-induced ceramidase activation which enhances hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism via rapidly acting “cross-talk” between liver and adipose tissue sphingolipids.
Structural, transport, and thermal properties of the single-crystalline type-VIII clathrateBa8Ga16Sn30 (2005)

We report the electrical resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}$, Hall coefficient ${R}_{\mathrm{H}}$, thermoelectric power $S$, specific heat $C$, and thermal conductivity $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ on single crystals of the type-VIII clathrate ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{8}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{16}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{30}$ grown from Sn-flux. Negative $S$ and ${R}_{\mathrm{H}}$ over a wide temperature range indicate that electrons dominate electrical transport properties. Both $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)$ and $S(T)$ show typical behavior of a heavily doped semiconductor. The absolute value of $S$ increases monotonically to $243\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{V}∕\mathrm{K}$ with increasing temperature up to $550\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The large $S$ may originate from the low carrier concentration $n=3.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. Hall mobility ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{H}}$ shows a maximum of $62\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}∕\mathrm{V}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}$ around $70\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The analysis of temperature dependence of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{H}}$ suggests a crossover of a dominant scattering mechanism from ionized impurity to acoustic phonon scattering with increasing temperature. The existence of local vibration modes of Ba atoms in cages composed of Ga and Sn atoms is evidenced by analysis of experimental data of structural refinement and specific heat, which give an Einstein temperature of $50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and a Debye temperature of $200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. This local vibration of Ba atoms should be responsible for the low thermal conductivity ($1.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕\mathrm{m}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ at $150\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$). The potential of type-VIII clathrate compounds for thermoelectric application is discussed.
Deuterium Isotope Effect in the Reaction of Hydrogen Molecules with Chlorine Atoms and the Potential Energy of the H2Cl Transition Complex (1959)

The relative rates of reaction of H2 and HD with chlorine atoms have been measured over the temperature range of 243–350°K. In this temperature interval, the ratio of the second-order rate constants, R=kH2/ΣkHD,is equal to (1.24∓0.03) exp (490±6/RT). A search was made for HD after an unequilibrated mixture of H2 and D2 was half converted to hydrogen chloride by photochemical reaction with Cl2. From the failure to detect 0.02% HD in the unreacted hydrogen, a lower limit is set for the ratio of the rate constants of the reactions H+Cl2→ lim k16HCl+Cl and H+HCl→ lim k17H2+Cl. It is shown that the pre-exponential factors in R for the HD experiments and in the analogous experiments on HT are in quantitative agreement with theoretical calculations for either linear or triangular transition states, subject to the sole restriction that k(HD+Cl→HCl+D) is approximately equal to k(HD+Cl→DCl+H). An intercomparison is made between the experimental difference in activation energies between H2, HD, HT, and D2 for reaction with chlorine atoms and theoretical calculations for linear and triangular transition states. With the most favorable potential function for H2Cl, the maximum deviation between ΔEexp‡ and ΔEtheor‡ is fifteen percent. Inasmuch as there are more experimental data than parameters necessary to construct the potential function of H2Cl, the agreement between theory and experiment constitutes a positive test of the transition state formulation of the effect of isotopic substitution on the rates of chemical reactions.
Right Decisions from Wrong Predictions: A Mechanism Design Alternative to Individual Calibration (2021)

Decision makers often need to rely on imperfect probabilistic forecasts. While average performance metrics are typically available, it is difficult to assess the quality of individual forecasts and the corresponding utilities. To convey confidence about individual predictions to decision-makers, we propose a compensation mechanism ensuring that the forecasted utility matches the actually accrued utility. While a naive scheme to compensate decision-makers for prediction errors can be exploited and might not be sustainable in the long run, we propose a mechanism based on fair bets and online learning that provably cannot be exploited. We demonstrate an application showing how passengers could confidently optimize individual travel plans based on flight delay probabilities estimated by an airline.
Reabilitação térmica: Contributo das argamassas com incorporação de material de mudança de fase (2019)

RESUMO O setor residencial encontra-se muitas vezes envelhecido, apresentando necessidades de intervenções urgen-tes. Assim, torna-se importante reabilitar edifícios do ponto de vista estrutural, estético e funcional. A reabili-tação térmica é uma importante oportunidade para atingir níveis mais elevados de desempenho energético, reduzindo a elevada dependência energética dos países. As operações de reabilitação baseadas na utilização de materiais com capacidade de armazenamento e liberação de energia contribuem para a obtenção de edifí-cios mais eficientes em termos energéticos. Combinando a utilização de materiais inteligentes e fontes de energia renováveis, é possível aumentar o conforto térmico dentro dos edifícios. O principal objetivo deste trabalho consistiu na caracterização física, mecânica e térmica de argamassas baseadas em ligantes específi-cos para reabilitação, com incorporação de materiais de mudança de fase (PCM). Foram estudadas argamas-sas à base de cal aérea e gesso, sendo que, para cada ligante, foram desenvolvidas argamassas com e sem incorporação de PCM. Observou-se que a incorporação de PCM nas argamassas originou diferenças no seu comportamento físico, mecânico e térmico. Verificou-se uma diminuição das resistências à flexão e compres-são, assim como uma melhorado comportamento térmico, reduzindo a temperatura máxima, aumentando a temperatura mínima e diminuindo as necessidades de aquecimento e arrefecimento.
Synthetic nanoscale electrostatic particles as growth factor carriers for cartilage repair (2016)

The efficient transport of biological therapeutic materials to target tissues within the body is critical to their efficacy. In cartilage tissue, the lack of blood vessels prevents the entry of systemically administered drugs at therapeutic levels. Within the articulating joint complex, the dense and highly charged extracellular matrix (ECM) hinders the transport of locally administered therapeutic molecules. Consequently, cartilage injury is difficult to treat and frequently results in debilitating osteoarthritis. Here we show a generalizable approach in which the electrostatic assembly of synthetic polypeptides and a protein, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), can be used as an early interventional therapy to treat injury to the cartilage. We demonstrated that poly(glutamic acid) and poly(arginine) associated with the IGF-1 via electrostatic interactions, forming a net charged nanoscale polyelectrolyte complex (nanoplex). We observed that the nanoplex diffused into cartilage plugs in vitro and stimulated ECM production. In vivo, we monitored the transport, retention and therapeutic efficacy of the nanoplex in an established rat model of cartilage injury. A single therapeutic dose, when administered within 48 hr of the injury, conferred protection against cartilage degradation and controlled interleukin-1 mediated inflammation. IGF-1 contained in the nanoplex was detected in the joint space for up to 4 weeks following administration and retained bioactivity. The results indicate the potential of this approach as an early intervention therapy following joint injury to delay or even entirely prevent the onset of osteoarthritis.
Plasma Treatments of Molecularly Templated Nanoporous Silica Films (2001)

Oxygen plasma has been successfully utilized to remove the organic template in molecularly templated nanoporous silica films. The resulting nanoporous silica film has a high porosity and a surface roughness of less than 10 Å. The hydrophilic film can be modified to be hydrophobic by reacting with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). Reductive plasmas, such as hydrogen and ammonia plasmas, have been applied to reduce the leakage current of the nanoporous silica film without deteriorating the dielectric properties. The dielectric constant of the silica film can be reduced to 1.7 after an plasma/HMDS treatment. The leakage current of the plasma-treated silica film can reach below at an electric field of 2 MV/cm. This report shows the feasibility of integration of plasma processes into preparation of molecularly templated nanoporous silica films for ULSI applications. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Retrospective Tracking of Suspects in GDPR Conform Mobile Access Networks Datasets (2019)

This work discusses several use cases of post-mortem mobile device tracking in which privacy is required e.g. due to client-confidentiality agreements and sensibility of data from government agencies as well as mobile telecommunication providers. We argue that our proposed Bloom filter based privacy approach is a valuable technical building block for the arising General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requirements in this area. In short, we apply a solution based on the Bloom filters data structure that allows a 3rd party to perform some privacy saving set relations on a mobile telco's access logfile or other mobile access logfile from harvesting parties without revealing any other mobile users in the proximity of a mobile base station but still allowing to track perpetrators.
In Situ Heat-Induced Replacement of GaAs Nanowires by Au (2016)

Here we report on the heat-induced solid-state replacement of GaAs by Au in nanowires. Such replacement of semiconductor nanowires by metals is envisioned as a method to achieve well-defined junctions within nanowires. To better understand the mechanisms and dynamics that govern the replacement reaction, we performed in situ heating studies using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. The dynamic evolution of the phase boundary was investigated, as well as the crystal structure and orientation of the different phases at reaction temperatures. In general, the replacement proceeds one GaAs(111) bilayer at a time, and no fixed epitaxial relation could be found between the two phases. The relative orientation of the phases affects the replacement dynamics and can induce growth twins in the Au nanowire phase. In the case of a limited Au supply, the metal phase can also become liquid.
cAMP binds with high affinity and specificity to the androgen receptor from murine skeletal muscle (1988)

cAMP binding of the androgen receptor (AR) from murine skeletal muscle was studied. Testosterone affinity chromatography yielded androgen receptor with about 4000-fold purification. Determination of the cAMP binding in the affinity eluate, by adsorption of protein-cAMP complexes to cellulose ester filters or removal of unbound cAMP by dextran-coated charcoal, was not possible, as the observed binding was not stable during the assays. Displacement studies suggest that this is due to a very fast dissociation kinetics of the binding. The problem could be solved by assaying the components of affinity eluate immobilized to a testosterone affinity resin that stabilizes the cAMP-protein complexes. The cAMP binding found in the affinity eluate shows an upward concave Scatchard plot and is compatible with a model containing two independent binding sites with dissociation constants of 7 and 58 nM. However, a larger number of binding sites or negative cooperativity cannot be excluded. Sixteen cAMP binding sites were observed per testosterone binding site. The binding affinity of cAMP exceeds that of cGMP 200-fold, that of cCMP 2000-fold, and that of AMP and 2',3'-cAMP more than 10,000-fold. Results indicate that cAMP is bound by the AR, although it only represents about 1% of the total protein in the affinity eluate: (i) Specific testosterone and cAMP binding of affinity eluate was copurified by affinity chromatography, density gradient centrifugation, and gel filtration. The ratio of cAMP to testosterone binding in each peak was about 16:1, identical with that found in the total affinity eluate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOARSENIC COMPOUNDS, XXVII. SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY OF PRIMARY 2‐AMINOETHYLARSINES (1976)

Abstract Die luftempfindlichen, prim. Aminoäthylarsine (II) werden durch Umsetzung der entsprechenden Chloräthylamine (I) mit Na‐arsenid in flüssigem Ammoniak hergestellt.
A linearly coordinated Hg(0) trapped in a gold(i) metallocryptand cage (2001)

Hg(0) is effectively encapsulated through strong, closed-shell metallophilic interactions by Au(I)-based metallocryptands using the multidentate P2phen [2,9-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,10-phenanthroline] ligand; synthesis, characterization and X-ray crystallography are presented.
CRABSS (2010)

The first step required by the process of cognition is the intelligent observation of the environment that surrounds the actors of such a process. We present the CalRAdio-Based advanced Spectrum Scanner (CRABSS), an open platform developed to monitor the ISM 2.4--2.499 GHz band and reveal opportunities for a better utilization of the available spectrum resources. CRABSS is built through a modular approach by integrating the development platform CalRadio 1 with the Unified Link Layer API (ULLA) framework. This solution provides sensing capabilities while preserving the 802.11b standard compatibility on the CalRadio 1 platform. Moreover, it takes advantage of the ULLA framework to export spectrum occupancy information to prospective cognitive radio manager engines, through a standardized set of sensing APIs.
Vaginal pH measured in vivo: lactobacilli determine pH and lactic acid concentration (2019)

Some vaginal lactobacilli cultures have a lower limiting pH than others, and limiting pHs in vitro showed good correlation with pHs measured in vivo. The limiting pH of the lactobacilli predominant in a woman's vaginal microbiota seems critical in determining the concentration of antimicrobial lactic acid protecting her.
Conformational control in a bipyridine linked π-conjugated oligomer: cation mediated helix unfolding and refolding (2010)

A chiral π-conjugated oligomer having alternate bipyridine and carbazole moieties connected through acetylinic bonds undergoes helical folding in chloroform-acetonitrile (40/60, v/v) as evident by fluorescence and circular dichroism changes. In the presence of transition metal cations such as Zn(2+) defolding of the helical conformation occurs. Upon decomplexation of the cation with EDTA, the helical conformation is regained.
Precise ablation of skin with reduced collateral damage using the femtosecond-pulsed, terawatt titanium-sapphire laser (1993)

<h3>Background and Design:</h3> The precise ablation of skin was studied using an ultrashort-pulsed, high-intensity titanium-sapphire (Ti:Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) laser capable of peak intensities of tens of terawatts (TW; 1 TW = 10<sup>12</sup>watts [W]) per square centimeter. Rat skin was exposed in vitro to femtosecond-pulsed Ti:Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>laser radiation at 800 nm, while varying the number of pulses and the intensity up to 46 TW/cm<sup>2</sup>. Ablation was evaluated by monitoring the amount of tissue removed per pulse as a function of energy, and by light microscopic examination of damage to adjacent, nonirradiated tissue. <h3>Observations:</h3> Ablation depth per pulse was 0.1 μm at threshold intensity, and it was increased with both the energy per pulse and the number of pulses. Minimal damage to adjacent healthy tissue was observed, varying 0 to 30 μm. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> The results suggest that ablation of skin with femtosecond-pulsed, terawatt Ti:Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>laser may have potential for precision cutaneous surgery, and in vivo studies are indicated. (<i>Arch Dermatol.</i>1993;129:989-993)
Multiple-symbol differential detection of DQPSK and DPSK mobile communication systems impaired by oscillator phase noise (2002)

A multiple-symbol differential detection (MSDD) scheme is proposed for the detection of binary differential-phase-shift-keying (DPSK) and DQPSK signals in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and weak oscillator phase noise. An algorithm that is computationally more efficient than that suggested by the maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE), and referred to as CE-MSDD, is proposed. The performance of the CE-MSDD receiver is assessed in terms of symbol or bit error rate (BER) for various levels of full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) linewidth of the noisy oscillator using the Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation technique. The simulation results clearly underscore the superiority of the proposed schemes over their 2-symbol counterparts in the presence of phase noise.
Signal evaluation in chromatic confocal spectral interferometry via k-space phase equality approach (2019)

Chromatic confocal spectral interferometry combines the benefits of scanning free acquisition of the axial dimension with interferometrically increased depth accuracy. However, so far it has been difficult to separate the confocal signal from the interferometric signal. It is, of course, possible to apply the established CCM evaluation methods. In that case, the available phase information, that offers a decreased measurement uncertainty and to some degree the removal of disturbing artifacts at steep surface inclinations, is not taken into account. In fact, it is not straight forward to interpret the signal. In comparison to white light interference microscopy, the signal suffers from a chirp. This means that it cannot be associated with a single beating frequency, which corresponds to the interferometrically encoded z-value. However, a modified lock-in technique has in the past successfully been applied, demonstrating a significant advantage in comparison to the conventional CCM procedures. Here, we will introduce the concept of k-space phase equality, which enables the separation of the confocal and the interferometric signal and furthermore offers an extended measurement range. The principle is based on signal modification in the z-space, which corresponds to the Fourier domain of the recorded spectral signal. The evaluation is then performed in the spectral domain, where the phase signals for all z-positions with respect to the corresponding wavelength are evaluated. As a result, a phase signal with reduced aberration terms, similar to an interferometric signal, is obtained, which can hence be evaluated using established techniques.
Islander: a database of precisely mapped genomic islands in tRNA and tmRNA genes (2014)

Genomic islands are mobile DNAs that are major agents of bacterial and archaeal evolution. Integration into prokaryotic chromosomes usually occurs site-specifically at tRNA or tmRNA gene (together, tDNA) targets, catalyzed by tyrosine integrases. This splits the target gene, yet sequences within the island restore the disrupted gene; the regenerated target and its displaced fragment precisely mark the endpoints of the island. We applied this principle to search for islands in genomic DNA sequences. Our algorithm identifies tDNAs, finds fragments of those tDNAs in the same replicon and removes unlikely candidate islands through a series of filters. A search for islands in 2168 whole prokaryotic genomes produced 3919 candidates. The website Islander (recently moved to http://bioinformatics.sandia.gov/islander/) presents these precisely mapped candidate islands, the gene content and the island sequence. The algorithm further insists that each island encode an integrase, and attachment site sequence identity is carefully noted; therefore, the database also serves in the study of integrase site-specificity and its evolution.
Application of Cooperative Iron/Copper Catalysis to a Palladium-Free Borylation of Aryl Bromides with Pinacolborane (2014)

A new cooperative copper/iron catalysis for the borylation of various aryl bromides with pinacolborane, at −10 °C, is reported. Use of the toxic, precious metal Pd is avoided. The mechanism of the protodebromination side reaction is discussed.
Design and Optimization of a Flexible CPW–Fed Slotted Planar Monopole for WLAN/WBAN and 5G (2020)

A flexible Kapton-based coplanar waveguide-fed (CPW) patch antenna has been designed in this work to operate in different wireless applications. The wideband operation and compact size of the antenna is enabled using a simple rhombic-shaped integrated onto the monopole which was designed using a rectangular patch. The proposed broadband antenna model operated below -10dB at 2.45 GHz and 3.5 GHz for the WLAN/WBAN and 5G band, respectively. The antenna optimization process is explained when varying the ground structure, patch dimensions, feed width, and substrate thickness using FEKO software. The performance of the antenna is studied in terms of radiation efficiency, gain, bandwidth and current distributions. Results indicate that the proposed antenna operates throughout the 2.45 and 3.5 GHz bands, with a bandwidth of1710 MHz.
Separation of Conformational Isomers of Bouvardin by High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (1979)

Bouvardin, a bicyclic hexapeptide, was found to exhibit a solvent-dependent conformational distribution. HPLC was utilized to separate the two different conformers whose distribution ratio was dependent on the solvent of injection.
A generalized frequency domain learning control design with experimental validation (2017)

This paper presents a generalized iterative learning control (ILC) design in the frequency domain with experimental validation. The optimal ILC learning function and robustness filter function are simultaneously optimized by solving a linear programming problem using frequency response functions. Moreover, the design realizes an optimal trade-off between robust convergence, converged tracking performance, convergence speed, and input constraints. The proposed ILC method is experimentally validated on a lab scale overhead crane system. The results demonstrate the advantages of the approach as an automation design with optimal solutions, efficient computation, robustness and intuitive tuning for trade-off analyses between multiple ILC specifications.