gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of saturated and unsaturated fuel molecules on diesel combustion and exhaust emissions (2011)

Diesel fuels usually comprise a wide range of compounds having different molecular structures which can affect both the fuel's physical properties and combustion characteristics. In future, as synthetic fuels from fossil and sustainable sources become increasingly available, it could be possible to control the fuel's molecular structure to achieve clean and efficient combustion. This paper presents experimental results of combustion and emissions studies undertaken on a single cylinder diesel engine supplied with 18 different fuels each comprising a single, acyclic, non-oxygenated hydrocarbon molecule. These molecules were chosen to highlight the effect of straight carbon chain length, degree of saturation and the addition of methyl groups as branches to a straight carbon chain. The engine tests were carried out at constant injection timing and they were repeated at constant ignition timing and at constant ignition delay, the latter being achieved through the addition to the various fuels of small quantities of ignition improver (2-ethylhexyl nitrate). In tests conducted at constant injection and constant ignition timing the ignition delay of the molecule was found to be the primary driver of combustion phasing, the balance between premixed and diffusion-controlled combustion and, thereby, exhaust emissions. However, the elimination of ignition delay as a variable, using ignition improver, revealed further, subtler, secondary combustion effects also attributable to the molecular structure of the fuels tested. For example, with constant ignition delay, the premixed burn fraction and oxides of nitrogen in the exhaust for the various fuels correlated well with the volatility and the adiabatic flame temperature.
Optical and electrical properties between 04 and 12 μm for Sn-doped In_2O_3 films by pulsed laser deposition and cathode sputtering (2007)

Optical properties of Sn-doped In(2)O(3) (ITO) have been studied in the optical range of 0.4-12 microm. A deposition has been made on BK7 glass, magnesium fluoride, sapphire, and zinc sulfide substrates. The layers have been characterized by their optical properties, DC electrical sheet resistivity, and Hall mobility. Sheet resistivity lies in the range of 6.8-318 Omega/sq for thicknesses between 16 and 280 nm. The best carrier mobility is obtained on BK7 and sapphire substrates, up to approximately 50 cm(2)/V s. The material shows good infrared transparency in the 3-5 microm range on magnesium fluoride and 0.4-4 microm on sapphire, and it is usable for practical applications up to 12 microm on zinc sulfide. Simulations have been carried out for optical indices and spectra calculations. The Drude model has been used to exploit the results in either direction: from electrical measured data to the simulation of optical spectra and indices, and from measured optical spectra to simulated optical indices and electrical parameters (mobility, carrier density). Hall mobility is considered a worthy and convenient material quality criteria for materials aimed at optics.
Methods to preserve individual bacteria and microbiome samples for nucleic acid analyses without altering cellular structure or integrity (2020)

One of the major challenges of the microbiome studies is unavailability of a reliable preservative media for long term storage of microbes that maintains the cellular structure and integrity without causing partial lysis or cellular leakage. Such a preservative would allow for many downstream analyses without compromising DNA and RNA quality. To alleviate these technical challenges, we designed a proof of principle study which included ABRF MMRG (Metagenomics and Microbiome Research Group) Members, representing multi-institutional sites. We formulated a preservative media that was suitable for long term storage of samples, maintained cellular structure of microorganisms, exhibited no detectable DNA or RNA leakage in the solution, preserved DNA and RNA integrity, preserved Gram stain and other stainability (SYBR Green, DAPI, etc) features, and maintained enzymatic cell wall digestion by Metapolyzyme. In this proof of principle study, we preserved three Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis ATCC23857, Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF, and Staphylococcus epidermidis PCI 1200), and one Gram negative (Escherichia coli K-12 substr. MG1655) bacterial strains and evaluated for the preservation competence. For long term storage and to evaluate the features of the preservative solution, microbial reference cultures were grown to early log phase. After storage (2 ys at 4 °C), cells were evaluated using microscopy, centrifuged to check for leakage of RNA and DNA, extracted nucleic acids using various extraction kits, and evaluated on a Bioanalyzer and Fragment Analyzer. This study suggests that the MMRG preservation approach can be used for long-term storage of microbial cells without compromising the morphological and genetic integrity and can be used to enable DNA and RNA extraction efficiency studies. However, further studies are required to evaluate additional microbial strains as well as to verify any genetic changes using an in-depth comparative sequencing approach.
Additive Effects on Atomization and Evaporation of Diesel Fuel Under Engine Conditions (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The objective of this work was to establish whether two detergent-type additives(A and B) influence the drop size and evaporation of two Diesel fuels (1 and 2) under Diesel engine conditions. Two experiments were performed: visualization of liquid and vapor fuel by the exciplex technique in a motored single-cylinder engine and measurement of the Sauter mean diameter, total drop cross sectional area and total drop volume by laser diffraction in a spray chamber. The same Diesel injector and pump system were used in the two experiments. The engine tests were carried out using a high aromatic content fuel (1) particularly suited for the exciplex studies. These studies showed that additive A yielded a lower vapor signal than additive B, which in turn gave a lower vapor signal than untreated fuel. Spray chamber results were obtained for both fuel 1 and 2. Additive A reduced the evaporation of fuel 1 whereas additive B gave a smaller and less consistent affect. For fuel 2, which is more typical of modern Diesel fuels than fuel 1, neither additive had measurable effects on the vaporization of the fuel. These measurements were difficult and were not quantitative. However, it is striking that two different experiments and experimental techniques indicated that additive A reduced the vaporization of fuel 1. However, we were not able to establish whether the reduced vaporization was due to altered atomization or to changes in the vaporization itself. In contrast the same experimental technique showed no changes in vaporization for fuel 2. More detailed investigation is required to understand this unexpected result.&lt;/div&gt;
Transition-metal chemistry of hexafluorobutadiene. Facile hydrolysis of (hexafluoro-1-metalla-3-cyclopentene)rhodium complexes to give tetrafluoro-1-metalla-3-cyclopenten-2-one and tetrafluoro-1-metalla-2-cyclopenten-4-one complexes. Crystal and molecular structures of trans-[cyclo][(RhCF2CF:CFCO)Cl(PPh3)2], mer-[cyclo][(RhCF2CF:CFCF2)Cl(PMe3)3], and mer-[cyclo][(RhCF:CFCOCF2)Cl(PMe3)3] (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition-metal chemistry of hexafluorobutadiene. Facile hydrolysis of (hexafluoro-1-metalla-3-cyclopentene)rhodium complexes to give tetrafluoro-1-metalla-3-cyclopenten-2-one and tetrafluoro-1-metalla-2-cyclopenten-4-one complexes. Crystal and molecular structures of trans-[cyclo][(RhCF2CF:CFCO)Cl(PPh3)2], mer-[cyclo][(RhCF2CF:CFCF2)Cl(PMe3)3], and mer-[cyclo][(RhCF:CFCOCF2)Cl(PMe3)3]Russel P. Hughes, Peter R. Rose, and Arnold L. RheingoldCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 8, 3109–3117Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00032a038https://doi.org/10.1021/om00032a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views290Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Dynamic Entanglement and Photon Antibunching using Near-Field-Excited Quantum Emitters (2021)

We numerically demonstrate strongly-driven, dynamic entanglement of quantum emitters using time-varying, sub-diffracted light from a near-field transducer. Using cavity-free environments, a controlled-NOT quantum logic operation is performed and ultrafast, single-photon emission is demonstrated.
The miR‐200 family targets Tbx5 , Gata4 , and Pitx2 during cardiac development and regeneration (2022)

Cardiac development requires a highly complex gene regulatory network (GRN) of transcription factors. These GRN factors are known to be modulated by microRNAs (miRs), small non‐coding RNAs that target mRNAs to alter expression levels. MiR‐200 family members, miR‐200a and ‐200c­ , are highly expressed in the developing heart. These miRs are known to target cardiac transcriptions factors Tbx5 , Gata4 , and Pitx2 . However, no in vivo investigation of the relationship between the miR‐200 family members and these transcription factors has been done to date. We hypothesize miR‐200 family members modulate Tbx5 , Gata4 , and Pitx2 expression to allow for proper cardiac development to occur. To study the role of miR‐200 family members, we developed the P lasmid‐based m iR I nhibitor S ystem (PMIS). PMIS works by repressing miRs through seed sequence complementation, allowing for the study of individual miR family members within a cluster . Histological analysis of PMIS‐miR‐200a , PMIS‐miR‐200c , and PMIS‐miR‐200ac hearts revealed distant abnormal phenotypes, with PMIS‐miR‐200ac hearts presenting with a ventricle‐septal defect. Additionally, we observe embryonic stage and chamber specific changes in Tbx5, Gata4, and Pitx2 expression when miR‐200a and ‐200c are inhibited. These aberrant expression changes result in altered expression of Tbx5, Gata4, and Pitx2 downstream transcriptional targets Nppa, Gja1, and Ace2. Tbx5, Gata4, and Pitx2 drive transcription of miR‐200a and ‐200c , resulting in a negative feedback loop on to these transcription factors. Post‐natal day 1 PMIS‐miR‐200a and PMIS‐miR‐200c pups have functional and structural phenotypes which are fully recovered by postnatal day 7. We discovered a role for miR‐200a and ‐200c in cardiac development through targeting Tbx5 , Gata4 , and Pitx2 , with potential for using PMIS in therapeutic applications.
Antineoplastic agents. 48. The isolation and structure of aplysistatin (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntineoplastic agents. 48. The isolation and structure of aplysistatinGeorge R. Pettit, Cherry L. Herald, Malcolm S. Allen, Robert B. Von Dreele, Lawrence D. Vanell, Joseph P. Y. Kao, and William BlakeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1, 262–263Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00443a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00443a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Epigenetic reprogramming converts human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells into functional cardiomyocytes by differential regulation of Wnt mediators (2017)

The present study unveils a link between Wnt inhibition and epigenetic modification to initiate cardiac differentiation, which could enhance the efficacy of stem cell therapy for ischemic heart disorders.
9.7 THORACIC AORTA PWV ASSESSMENT BY USING 4D FLOW IN MRI (2016)

Purpose: In MRI, thoracic aorta pulse wave velocity (TAPWV) is usually estimated by 2D phase contrast (PC) with either in plane or through plane velocity acquisition. Thanks to technological improvement, 4D PC with full coverage of the TA and 3 dimension velocity encoding thought time can be now achievable in 10min. Our aim was to compare estimation of TAPWV using 4DPC or 2DPC on healthy volunteer. Methods: Acquisitions were performed on a 3 Tesla scanner (GEHC, 750w). 2DPC was done with through plane velocity encoding on an axial oblique slice perpendicular to ascending and descending TA. 4D acquisition covered the full TA volume from the aortic valve to diaphragm. Segmentation and velocity estimates were done by using cloud computing (Arterys). Optimal data view sharing was applied to obtain 8ms and 16ms temporal resolution for 2DPC and 4DPC, respectively. Flow data curves where further computed on homemade software (artfun) to assess PWV for both 2D and 4D acquisition. Results: 31 healthy volunteers (13 male, age 50.9y ±18.6) were included. Correlation coefficient between 4DPC and 2DPC PWV was 0.69 (p&lt;0.001) with small underestimation of 4D vs 2D (−0.17m/s limits of agreement [−3.85 ; 3.50]). A strong correlation with aging was obtained for both 4D and 2D PWV(r=0.75 p&lt;0.001 and r=0.74 p&lt;0.001 respectively) Conclusions: TAPWV can be accurately estimated by 4D flow MRI, since close relation with 2DPC and aging have been obtained. By using the same data set, TAPWV should be estimates in association to other stiffness and geometric parameters of the TA.
On the Effect of Supplied Flow Rate to the Performance of a Tilting-Pad Journal Bearing—Static Load and Dynamic Force Measurements (2020)

Abstract Rotating machinery relies on engineered tilting-pad journal bearings (TPJB) to provide static load support with minimal drag power losses, safe pad temperatures, and ensuring a rotor-dynamic stable rotor operation. End users focus on reducing the supplied oil flow rate into a bearing to both lower operational costs and to increase drive power efficiency. This paper presents measurements of the steady-state and dynamic forced performance of a TPJB whilst focusing on the influence of supplied oil flow rate, below and above a nominal condition (50% and 150%). The test bearing has five pads, slenderness ratio L/D = 0.4, spherical pivots with pad offset = 50%, and a preload –0.40, with a clearance to radius ratio (Cr/R) ≈ 0.001 at room temperature. The bearing is installed under a load-between-pads (LBP) orientation and has a flooded housing with end seals. The test conditions include operation at various shaft surface speeds (32 m/s–85 m/s) and specific static loads from 0.17 MPa to 2.1 MPa. A turbine oil lubricates the bearing with a speed-dependent flow rate delivered at a constant supply temperature. Measurements obtained at a steady thermal equilibrium include the journal static eccentricity and attitude angle, the oil exit temperature rise, and the pads' subsurface temperatures at various locations, circumferential and axial. The rig includes measurement of the drive torque and shaft speed to produce the bearing drag power loss. Dynamic force coefficients include stiffness, damping, and virtual-mass coefficients. As expected, the drag power and the lubricant temperature rise depend mainly on shaft speed rather than on applied load. A reduction in oil flow rate to 50% of its nominal magnitude causes a modest increase in journal eccentricity, a 15% reduction in drag power loss, a moderate raise (6 °C) in pads' subsurface temperatures, a slight increase (up to 6%) in the direct stiffnesses, and a decrease (up to 7%) in direct damping coefficients. Conversely, a 1.5 times increase in oil flow rate causes a slight increase (up to 9%) in drag power loss, a moderate reduction of pads' temperatures (up to 3 °C), a maximum 5% reduction in direct stiffnesses, and a maximum 10% increase in direct damping. The paper also presents comparisons of the test results against predictions from a thermo-elastohydrodynamic (TEHD) lubrication model. In conclusion, a 50% reduced oil flow rate only causes a slight degradation in the test bearing static and dynamic force performance and does not make the bearing operation unsafe for tests with surface speed up to 74 m/s. As an important corollary, the measured bearing drag power differs from the conventional estimate derived from the product of the supplied flow rate, the lubricant-specific heat, and the oil exit temperature rise.
Analysis of the glycosylation and phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of the lysosomal enzyme, beta-hexosaminidase A, by site-directed mutagenesis. (1992)

The glycosylation and subsequent phosphorylation of mannose residues is a pivotal modification during the biosynthesis of lysosomal enzymes. We have identified the sites of N-linked glycosylation and oligosaccharide phosphorylation on the alpha-subunit of beta-hexosaminidase and have determined the influence of the oligosaccharides on the folding and transport of the enzyme. The potential glycosylation sequences, either singly or in combination, were eliminated through site-directed mutagenesis of the cDNA. By expression of the mutant cDNAs in COS-1 cells, each of the three glycosylation sites on the alpha-subunit was found to be modified by an oligosaccharide. One of the three oligosaccharides was the preferred site of phosphorylation. The absence of any individual oligosaccharide did not diminish the expression of the catalytic activity associated with the alpha-chain, implying proper folding and assembly of subunits. A profound effect was observed, however, when all three oligosaccharides were absent. The unglycosylated alpha-subunit, resulting from genetic alteration of all three glycosylation sites or synthesis of the wild-type protein in the presence of tunicamycin, was catalytically inactive. It was found to be improperly folded into an insoluble aggregate, linked through inappropriate disulfide bonds. The unglycosylated protein was trapped in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and was found in a complex with the Ig heavy chain-binding protein, BiP. The properties of the nonglycosylated, misfolded alpha-subunit were similar to some mutant alpha-subunits in Tay-Sachs disease patients. The results indicate that the oligosaccharides are essential, although not in a site-specific manner, for proper folding and cellular transport of the alpha-subunit.
Quantifying Degradation Mechanisms in a High-Performance Parallel Hybrid Lithium-Ion Supercapacitor Induced by Long Term Cycling at High Current Rates (2023)

Understanding the degradation pathways of electrode materials is a key to develop more reliable Li-ion technologies along with an increased energy density and power rate. This study aims to demonstrate the benefits of the combined use of X-ray based characterization techniques and electrochemical assessment for thorough multi-scale analysis to elucidate the aging mechanisms of a Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /AC//LiMn 2 O 4 /AC parallel hybrid lithium-ion supercapacitor. Analyses performed on samples extracted from full stack representative of industrial battery application, show that irreversible modifications are observed at all length scales on both electrodes. At the negative, the disaggregation and corrosion of the LTO active material, as well as AC particle cracking and electrode film delamination have been observed. In the meantime, drastic cracking of the AC and LMO active material along with important micro-strain increase at the crystallite level for LMO as well as Mn 3+ dissolution are reported at the positive. The formation of a cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) is also reported. These structural and chemical changes have been identified as precursors to important polarization increase, Li inventory loss and furthermore capacity fading leading thus to device failure.
Speeding up test execution with increased cache locality (2018)

Summary As the scale and complexity of software increases, the number of tests needed for effective validation becomes extremely large. Executing these large test suites is expensive, both in terms of time and energy. Cache misses are a significant contributing factor to execution time of software. We propose an approach that helps order test executions in a test suite in such a way that instruction cache misses are reduced. We also ensure that the approach scales to large test suite sizes. We conduct an empirical evaluation with 20 subject programs and test suites from the SIR repository, EEMBC suite, and LLVM Symbolizer, comparing execution times and cache misses with test orderings maximising instruction locality versus a traditional ordering maximising coverage and random permutations. We also assess overhead of algorithms in generating the orderings that optimise cache locality. Nature of programs and tests impact the performance gained with our approach. Performance gains were considerable for programs and test suites where the average number of different instructions executed between tests was high. We achieved an average execution speedup of 6.83% and a maximum execution speedup of 17% over subject programs with differing control flow between test executions.