gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chorionic Villus Sampling at 11 to 13 Weeks of Gestation and Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy (2010)

It is unclear whether chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in early pregnancy increases the risk of preeclampsia. A randomized comparative study reported that rates of preeclampsia and/or gestational hypertension were significantly increased in the CVS group following early amniocentesis at 11 to 14 weeks. Results of several case-control studies on the relationship between early CVS sampling and the subsequent development of preeclampsia were contradictory. Differences in study design appear to have contributed to these conflicting results. No adjustment had been made in these studies for the possible contribution to the development of preeclampsia of either known maternal characteristics or maternal serum levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). This study was designed to assess the potential association of CVS in early pregnancy (first-trimester screening) with subsequent development of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, and to determine whether any association found remained significant after adjustment for maternal characteristics and maternal serum concentration of PAPP-A. Entry criteria included singleton pregnancies with live fetus at 11 0/7 to 13 6/7 weeks surviving beyond 23 weeks of gestation, with available data on free β-human chorionic gonadotrophin and PAPP-A. Exclusion criteria included pregnancies with miscarriage or termination before 24 weeks, and women who had an amniocentesis or unknown pregnancy outcome. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the likelihood of an association between CVS and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and to adjust for possible confounding maternal and fetal characteristics. Among the 31,138 individuals included in the final analysis, preeclampsia subsequently developed in 697 (2.2%), gestational hypertension developed in 857 (2.8%), and 29,584 (95.0%) were unaffected by either preeclampsia or gestational hypertension. A CVS was performed at 11 to 13 weeks in 7.3% (2278/31,138) of the included pregnancies. Multivariate analysis showed no significant difference between the CVS and the non-CVS group in the prevalence of early preeclampsia (P = 0.677), late preeclampsia (P = 0.535), or gestational hypertension (P = 0.848). In the adjusted data, significant contributions were found from maternal factors and serum biochemistry, but these did not affect the subsequent development of preeclampsia. These findings show no association between first-trimester CVS and subsequent development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and, therefore, provide no support for the hypothesis that CVS in early pregnancy increases the risk of preeclampsia.
Exacerbation of Leishmania (Viannia) shawi infection in BALB/c mice after immunization with soluble antigen from amastigote forms (2010)

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of immunization with soluble amastigote (AmaAg) and promastigote (ProAg) antigens from Leishmania (Viannia) shawi on the course of infection in BALB/c mice. After immunization with AmaAg, the challenged group showed greater lesion size and parasite load in the skin and lymph nodes, associated with diminished interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ and nitrate levels in the supernatant of lymph node cell cultures, together with increases in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β concentrations and humoral immune response. In contrast, immunization with ProAg led to smaller lesion size with reduced numbers of viable parasites in the skin. Protection was associated with increases in IL-12, IFN-γ, TGF-β and nitrates and decreases in IL-4 and IL-10 levels. Concerning humoral immune response, a significant reduction in anti-leishmania immunoglobulin G was verified in the ProAg-challenged group. Analysis of these results suggests that AmaAg induced a suppressive cellular immune response in mice, favouring the spread of infection, whereas ProAg induced partial protection associated with increased cellular immune response.
A solid state Marx generator for TEL2 (2007)

The solid-state Marx generator modulates the anode of the electron gun to produce the electron beam pulses in the second Tevatron Electron Lens (TEL2). It is capable of driving the 60 pF terminal with 600 ns pulses of up to 6 kV with a p.r.r. of 50 kHz. The rise and fall times are 150 ns. Stangenes industries developed the unit and is working on a second version which will go to higher voltage and have the ability to vary its output in 396 ns intervals over a 5 mus pulse.
Field demonstration of coherent WDM with a fibre amplifier repeater, for transparent optical network applications (2002)

A series of field experiments performed with two-wavelength transmissions at 622 Mb/s over 200-km of installed single-mode fiber using a diode-pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifier repeater are described. Both differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) modulation and frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation were employed, along with two implementations of automated endless polarization control. In a further field experiment, a power budget of 64 dB was demonstrated in the form of repeaterless DPSK transmission at 622 Mb/s over 264 km of installed fiber. The use of such a large power budget to accommodate the sharing of power between many wavelength channels and the accumulation of spontaneous emission noise through cascaded optical amplifier repeaters is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Erratum : Curriculum for optical diagnosis training in Europe: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement (Endoscopy (2020) 52 (899-923) DOI: 10.1055/a-1231-5123) (2020)

In the above-mentioned article, one sentence on page 912 (Optical diagnosis training for early gastric cancer, Part B) has been corrected. Correct is: The curriculum committee suggests, based on personal experience, that assessment of at least 20 gastric lesions prospectively in patients at high risk of gastric dysplasia/EGC is needed before competence should be assessed. This was corrected in the online version on September 23, 2020.
Thermodynamic and Structural Features of Cooperative Interactions in Tandem Oligonucleotide Derivatives Arranged at the Complementary Template. Chemical Modification Data (1995)

General equations are derived for the limit yield [PZ] infinity of the intraduplex reaction between reactive oligonucleotide derivative X bearing p-(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methyl-amino)phenyl residue and oligonucleotide target P encompassing the sequence complementary to X in the presence of one or two oligonucleotide effectors E1 and E2. The latters form the complementary tandem sequence E1-X-E2 at the target. It is shown that association constants characterizing the affinity of the reagent X to the effector containing complexes PE1, PE2 and PE1E2 may be calculated from the dependencies of [PZ] infinity on the initial concentration chi 0 of X providing the sufficient excess of effectors is present. The approach was applied to reaction of C1RCH2NHpd(TTCCCA) with 26-mer dTTGCCTTGAATGGGAAGAGGGTCATT and effectors Phn-L-pd(TTCAAGG-C)p-L-Phn(E1) and Phn-L-pd(TGACCCTC)p-L-Phn(E2) where Phn- is N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-phenazinium residue and L is -NHCH2CH2NH- spacer. The association constants were found to be Kxe1 = 6.75 x 10(5)M-1, Kxe2 = 4.15 x 10(4)M-1 and Kxe12 = 5.87 x 10(6)M-1 as compared with the affinity of X to P Kx = 2.16 x 10(4)M-1 in the absence of effectors. The experiments on self-alkylation of target reactive derivative C1RCH2NHpd(TTGCCTTGAATGGGAAGAGGGTCATT) both in the presence and in the absence of effector E2 as well as the Molecular Mechanics calculations of its prereactive states showed target to form the hairpin secondary structure. Under reasonable suggestions taking into account the internal structure of the target co-operativity parameters describing the contribution of interactions of the terminal nucleotides of X with adjacent residues of effector were calculated and found to be alpha 1 = 16, alpha 2 = 10 and alpha 12 = 139 for the duplexes PXE1, PXE2 and PXE1E2, respectively.
2.5D Deep Learning for CT Image Reconstruction using a Multi-GPU\n implementation (2018)

While Model Based Iterative Reconstruction (MBIR) of CT scans has been shown\nto have better image quality than Filtered Back Projection (FBP), its use has\nbeen limited by its high computational cost. More recently, deep convolutional\nneural networks (CNN) have shown great promise in both denoising and\nreconstruction applications. In this research, we propose a fast reconstruction\nalgorithm, which we call Deep Learning MBIR (DL-MBIR), for approximating MBIR\nusing a deep residual neural network. The DL-MBIR method is trained to produce\nreconstructions that approximate true MBIR images using a 16 layer residual\nconvolutional neural network implemented on multiple GPUs using Google\nTensorflow. In addition, we propose 2D, 2.5D and 3D variations on the DL-MBIR\nmethod and show that the 2.5D method achieves similar quality to the fully 3D\nmethod, but with reduced computational cost.\n
Sol-gel Formation and properties of strontium bismuth tantalate thin films (2019)

The formation technology by sol-gel based on acetic acid sols and the electrophysical characteristics examination results of the strontium tantalate thin films of 240 nm thick are represented.
Severe Hypocapnia During Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1991)

Department of Anesthesiology/SGHSA Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center Lackland AFB, TX 78236–5300 Department of Anesthesiology/SGHSA USAF Medical Center Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433
A suppressive effect of prostaglandin E2 on the expression of SERPINE1/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human articular chondrocytes: An in vitro pilot study (2009)

Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) is expressed in articular joints with inflammatory arthropathy and may exert catabolic effects leading to cartilage degradation. As we observed in a preliminary experiment that PGE<sub>2</sub> suppressed the expression of <i>SERPINE1</i>/plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 mRNA in chondrocytes, we focused on the effect of PGE<sub>2</sub> on PAI-1 in a panel of cultured chondrocytes obtained from osteoarthritic patients. Specifically, articular cartilage specimens were obtained from patients with osteoarthritis who underwent joint surgery. Isolated chondrocytes were cultured <i>in vitro</i> as a monolayer and stimulated with PGE<sub>2</sub>. Stimulated cells and culture supernatants were analyzed using Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results confirmed that the <i>in vitro</i> PGE<sub>2</sub> stimulation suppressed the expression of PAI-1 in the tested chondrocyte samples. The inhibitory effect was partly abrogated by an antagonist of EP4 receptor of PGE<sub>2</sub>, but not by an EP2 antagonist. Although PGE<sub>2</sub> induced activations of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), blocking of the MAPK did not abrogate the suppressive effect of PGE<sub>2</sub>, implying a distinct signaling pathway. In summary, prostaglandin is suggested to modulate the plasminogen system in chondrocytes. Further elucidation of the interaction might open a new avenue to understand the degradative process of cartilage.
Development of the Risø wind turbine airfoils (2004)

Abstract This paper presents the wind turbine airfoil development at Risø. The design method is described together with our target characteristics for wind turbine airfoils. The use of the CFD code Ellipsys2D for prediction of final target characteristics is described together with the VELUX wind tunnel testing setup. Three airfoil families were developed; Risø‐A1, Risø‐P and Risø‐B1. The Risø‐A1 airfoil family was developed for rotors of 600 kW and larger. Wind tunnel testing and field testing showed that this airfoil family is well suited for stall and active stall control. However, sensitivity to roughness was higher than expected. Field tests of a 600 kW active stall wind turbine showed an estimated reduction in blade fatigue loading of up to 15% at the same annual energy yield and at the same time reduced blade weight and blade solidity. The Risø‐P airfoils were developed to replace the Risø‐A1 airfoils for use on pitch controlled wind turbines. Improved design objectives should reduce the sensitivity to roughness, but measurements are not yet available. The Risø‐B1 airfoil family was developed for variable speed operation with pitch control of large megawatt sized rotors. Wind tunnel testing verified the high maximum lift for these airfoils, and the airfoils were found to be very insensitive to leading edge roughness. Performance with vortex generators and Gurney flaps in combination was found to be attractive for the blade root part. Field testing of a 1·5 MW rotor is in progress. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Supplementary Tables 1-2 from Genomic Differences Between Pure Ductal Carcinoma <i>In Situ</i> of the Breast and that Associated with Invasive Disease: a Calibrated aCGH Study (2023)

Supplementary Tables 1-2 from Genomic Differences Between Pure Ductal Carcinoma &lt;i&gt;In Situ&lt;/i&gt; of the Breast and that Associated with Invasive Disease: a Calibrated aCGH Study
Nextstep object‐oriented programming and the objective C language : 日本語版 (1993)

オブジェクト指向言語 Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ Ｃ言語 Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ Ｃ拡張機能 ランタイム・システム Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ Ｃによるプログラミング Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ Ｃ言語概要 Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ Ｃ言語リファレンス オブジェクトクラス
Development of a Transformation System for Chlamydia trachomatis: Restoration of Glycogen Biosynthesis by Acquisition of a Plasmid Shuttle Vector (2011)

Chlamydia trachomatis remains one of the few major human pathogens for which there is no transformation system. C. trachomatis has a unique obligate intracellular developmental cycle. The extracellular infectious elementary body (EB) is an infectious, electron-dense structure that, following host cell infection, differentiates into a non-infectious replicative form known as a reticulate body (RB). Host cells infected by C. trachomatis that are treated with penicillin are not lysed because this antibiotic prevents the maturation of RBs into EBs. Instead the RBs fail to divide although DNA replication continues. We have exploited these observations to develop a transformation protocol based on expression of β-lactamase that utilizes rescue from the penicillin-induced phenotype. We constructed a vector which carries both the chlamydial endogenous plasmid and an E.coli plasmid origin of replication so that it can shuttle between these two bacterial recipients. The vector, when introduced into C. trachomatis L2 under selection conditions, cures the endogenous chlamydial plasmid. We have shown that foreign promoters operate in vivo in C. trachomatis and that active β-lactamase and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase are expressed. To demonstrate the technology we have isolated chlamydial transformants that express the green fluorescent protein (GFP). As proof of principle, we have shown that manipulation of chlamydial biochemistry is possible by transformation of a plasmid-free C. trachomatis recipient strain. The acquisition of the plasmid restores the ability of the plasmid-free C. trachomatis to synthesise and accumulate glycogen within inclusions. These findings pave the way for a comprehensive genetic study on chlamydial gene function that has hitherto not been possible. Application of this technology avoids the use of therapeutic antibiotics and therefore the procedures do not require high level containment and will allow the analysis of genome function by complementation.
On frequency-domain equalization and diversity combining for broadband wireless communications (2003)

This paper is concerned with the use of frequency-domain equalization (FDE) and space diversity within block transmission schemes for broadband wireless communications. The expected performance with both multicarrier (MC) and single-carrier (SC) modulations is emphasized, when a cyclic prefix, long enough to cope with the maximum relative channel delay, is appended to each transmitted block. A set of numerical results is presented and discussed, with the help of appropriate, analytical performance bounds which are conditional on a given channel realization. These bounds are used to explain the performance advantage of the SC/FDE option, the benefits of space diversity, and the impact of the criterion for computing the FDE parameters.
Measurement of Wavy Surface Oscillations on Liquid Metal Lithium Jet for IFMIF Target (2010)

This paper reports on the measurement of surface waves on a liquid lithium jet and results of the study of the Li target at the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF). The characteristics of the surface waves at the nozzle exit and just downstream of it were examined experimentally, since the initial growth of free surface waves exerts a definite influence on surface behavior in the downstream region. Experiments were carried out using the lithium circulation loop at Osaka University, with a focus on the free surface oscillations. These oscillations were measured using an electrocontact probe apparatus, which detects electric contacts between the probe tip and the Li surface. The apparatus was installed 15 mm downstream from the nozzle exit and was scanned along the liquid-depth direction. The contact signal recorded in the experiment was analyzed, and the wave amplitude and frequency of the surface waves were examined.
Zinc–Azatrane Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Cyclic Carbonates (2017)

Abstract Three Zn complexes based on the N 4 ‐tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (tren) chelating ligand and presenting a C 3 ‐symmetrical axis were synthesized and successfully applied in the coupling of CO 2 with terminal and internal epoxides. These complexes proved to be efficient catalysts if associated with tetrabutylammonium iodide, even at a low catalyst loading (0.005 mol %) or at room temperature, and allowed the production of cyclic carbonates in good to high yields. Variation of the substitution pattern on the tren ligand was shown to impact the catalyst performance greatly, and the highest turnover number (TON) (up to 11 200) was achieved with the less sterically hindered methyl‐substituted Zn II –azatrane complex. These binary Zn–azatrane/NBu 4 I catalytic systems could be applied to a wide range of epoxide substrates, including the more challenging internal epoxides. Moreover, although soluble in the reaction medium, Zn–azatrane catalysts could be easily recovered and reused up to three times without any substantial loss in activity, proving their robustness under the reaction conditions.
Genetic engineering in plants (1995)

Until now most research, and its funding, has been focused on animal and human health care as well as simple microbiological model systems such as Escherichia coli and yeast. Molecular plant studies have generally lagged behind, often simply adapting discoveries from the animal field to plants. Clearly, good health and the efficient tackling of diseases is crucial for the well-being of humans, and good remedies have a high economic value for the pharmaceutical industry. However, one should not forget that plants are an essential component of the large ecosystem that is our planet. They are not only the basic food producers but they are also necessary for a balanced atmosphere (oxygen production) and stable and viable climates. Especially in this period of demographic explosion and growing environmental deterioration, there is a need to rebuild our agricultural systems. Plants also have a wide variety of 'non-food' uses, for instance as energy sources, construction materials, or cosmetics. Last, but not least, they produce a lot of chemicals that can be used as pharmaceuticals. The growing awareness of the importance of plants has coincided with the development of plant molecular biology. Specific features make them ideally suited for gene engineering and genetic studies in general.
A research on the Vortex Induced Vibration of a hanging flexible riser and its stability (2005)

A numerical scheme was developed to simulate the Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) of a flexible riser. To validate the accuracy of this numerical scheme, some experiments were carried out. In experiments, the top end of a hanging riser model was forced to oscillate periodically or irregularly in an uniform flow. The three-dimensional motion of the model was measured four times at every experimental condition in order to analyze and discuss the stability of the VIV. Good agreements between the amplitudes and frequencies of VIV are confirmed in those comparisons.
Compressive Super-Pixel LiDAR for High-Framerate 3D Depth Imaging (2019)

We propose a new sampling and reconstruction framework for full frame depth imaging using synchronised, programmable laser diode and photon detector arrays. By adopting a measurement scheme that probes the environment with sparse, pseudo-random patterns, our method enables eye-safe LiDAR operation, while guaranteeing fast reconstruction of depth images with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Building up on the observation that certain quantities derived from the photon count histograms are sparse in either the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm or have small total variation (TV), reconstruction is performed via compressed sensing (CS) and takes approximately 30 s per frame. To speed up reconstruction, we further introduce a checkerboard tiling approach (CB-CS) that reduces the processing time to milliseconds per tile, with comparable or even less reconstruction error. Although in our experiments we reconstruct tiles sequentially at a frame rate of ~4 Hz, this process is highly parallelizable and has the potential to achieve 1 kHz frame rates.
Comparison of the efficiency of electromagnetic solvers in the time- and frequency-domain for the accurate modeling of planar circuits and MEMS (2003)

In this contribution we present an accurate investigation of three different techniques for the modeling of complex planar circuits. The EM analysis is performed by means of different electromagnetic full-wave solvers in the time-domain and in the frequency-domain. The first one is the transmission line matrix (TLM) method. In the second one the TLM method is combined with the integral equation (IE) method. The latter is based on the generalized transverse resonance diffraction (GTRD). In order to test the methods we model different structures and compare the calculated S-parameters to measured results, with good agreement.
An Approach to Convergency of Kinetic Theory to Fourier Theory in Relation to Laser Heating Process (1993)

Fourier theory may be derived from analytical considerations of the heat transfer process in a substance and neglecting of higher order terms in Fourier analysis becomes important at high input power fluxes. It is apparent from the previous work that the kinetic theory equations governing the heat conduction process are more general than the Fourier equation. The special case may exist where the kinetic theory solutions converge to solutions extracted from the Fourier analysis. Consequently, research into the convergence of kinetic theory approach to Fourier analysis becomes necessary. To achieve this, the special case in which local thermal equilibrium is assumed to exist between the electrons and atoms at any section on the surface region of the solid substance is studied in the present work, providing that the study does not allow the existence of phase changes. For this purpose, an analytical approach is introduced and a computer solution of the reduced integral equations is obtained. It is found that the solutions of electron kinetic theory equations based on the assumption of existence of thermal equilibrium between electrons and atoms are identical with those obtained from Fourier theory.