gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can East Asia Compete? (2002)

East Asian economies are at different stages of development, but to preserve-and to increase-their competitiveness through innovation and the opportunities presented by information and communication technologies (ICT), they need to move quickly to frame and implement policies in five areas. Reform and restructuring of the banking system are matters of priority: Second, corporate governance in East Asia has lagged where management skills have fallen behind, and the pressure on managements to pursue strategies aimed at maximizing shareholder value are often weak. Policies to build institutions, both legal and financial, that shore up shareholders' rights and sharpen the market for corporate control would significantly augment management capabilities. Third, in an increasingly knowledge-based economy, the supply of workers with the requisite skills and penchant for creativity will determine how much innovation takes place and how it is used to enlarge market shares. The situation requires reinforcing secondary and tertiary education, which influence analytical skills and the aptitude to innovate. Fourth, although computer use in East Asia is spreading and telecommunications facilities are improving daily, e-business and e-commerce are greatly hampered by the inadequacy of supporting services such as secure credit card transactions, fulfillment, logistics, and legal services. Finally, trade liberalization, preferably multilateral trade reform, needs to be actively pursued.
Laser action on the B2Σ+1/2→X2Σ+1/2 band of HgBr at 5018 Å (1977)

This letter describes a new laser operating on the B2Σ+1/2→X2Σ+1/2 band of HgBr at 5018 Å. Pumping was achieved by high-intensity electron-beam excitation of high-pressure Ar/Xe mixtures containing small amounts of Hg and HBr. A lower bound to the efficiency was determined to be 0.25% in an unoptimized configuration, and higher efficiency is expected.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in the Superobese: A Comparison of Outcomes Based on Body Mass Index (2016)

Abstract Introduction: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is considered the gold standard for treatment of large renal calculi. Although several investigators have examined the feasibility and outcomes associated with PCNL in obese patients, these studies have been limited by small sample size, lack of a comparator group, or few patients at body mass index (BMI) extremes. We thus compared outcomes of superobese (BMI >50) patients undergoing PCNL vs both an “overweight” and “ideal” cohort. Methods: We used a prospectively maintained database to identify ideal (BMI 18.5–25), overweight (BMI 25.1–49.9), and superobese (BMI ≥50) patients who underwent PCNL. Our primary objective was to compare surgical outcomes between groups measured by the percent of patients who required secondary PCNL. We then compared complication rates, need for transfusion, and length of stay (LOS) using chi-square testing and ANOVA where appropriate. Results: A total of 1152 patients were identified of which 254 were classified as id...
CLC Chloride Channels and Transporters (2023)

CLC chloride channels and transporters are found throughout all forms of life, from bacteria to mammals. Roughly half of CLC family members are anion-selective channels, while the other half are secondary active transporters that exchange anions for protons. CLC channels operate as “degraded” transporters – they maintain key transporter characteristics (including coupling of protein conformational change to substrate binding, unbinding and translocation) but have lost the ability to stoichiometrically exchange substrates. Structurally, both CLC transporters and channels are homodimers, with the subunits containing independent pathways for ion permeation. The mechanism of voltage dependence in the CLCs differs markedly from that of cation-selective ion channels and arises from movement of the permeant ions rather than movement of charged domains on the protein. CLCs are critical to a wide variety of physiological processes, including skeletal muscle excitability, bone resorption, hearing and thinking.
Human RIPK3 C-lobe phosphorylation is essential for necroptotic signaling (2022)

Necroptosis is a caspase-independent, pro-inflammatory mode of programmed cell death which relies on the activation of the terminal effector, MLKL, by the upstream protein kinase RIPK3. To mediate necroptosis, RIPK3 must stably interact with, and phosphorylate the pseudokinase domain of MLKL, although the precise molecular cues that provoke RIPK3 necroptotic signaling are incompletely understood. The recent finding that RIPK3 S227 phosphorylation and the occurrence of a stable RIPK3:MLKL complex in human cells prior to exposure to a necroptosis stimulus raises the possibility that additional, as-yet-unidentified phosphorylation events activate RIPK3 upon initiation of necroptosis signaling. Here, we sought to identify phosphorylation sites of RIPK3 and dissect their regulatory functions. Phosphoproteomics identified 21 phosphorylation sites in HT29 cells overexpressing human RIPK3. By comparing cells expressing wild-type and kinase-inactive D142N RIPK3, autophosphorylation sites and substrates of other cellular kinases were distinguished. Of these 21 phosphosites, mutational analyses identified only pT224 and pS227 as crucial, synergistic sites for stable interaction with MLKL to promote necroptosis, while the recently reported activation loop phosphorylation at S164/T165 negatively regulate the kinase activity of RIPK3. Despite being able to phosphorylate MLKL to a similar or higher extent than wild-type RIPK3, mutation of T224, S227, or the RHIM in RIPK3 attenuated necroptosis. This finding highlights the stable recruitment of human MLKL by RIPK3 to the necrosome as an essential checkpoint in necroptosis signaling, which is independent from and precedes the phosphorylation of MLKL.
Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion Under High Noise and Sensor Failure Condition (2021)

Data-driven methods have gained great success in motor fault diagnosis. Most researches only use signals from a single sensor, which limits the diagnosis accuracy. Multi-sensor fusion methods have been studied in the past few years to enhance model performance. However, in real applications, high noise usually exists in the collected signals and sometimes some sensors may encounter unexpected failure, which will greatly influence the diagnosis accuracy. In this paper, an innovative fault diagnosis model based on multi-sensor fusion is proposed to solve the problems. The proposed model is divided into two parts: parallel physical signal denoising network and memorized credibility evidence theory. The parallel physical signal denoising network is composed of one-dimensional convolutional neural network and residual building block. The memorized credibility evidence theory is proposed based on Dempster-Shafer evidence theory, and the concept of memory credibility is introduced. Experiment on a real induction motor Multi-sensor fault dataset illustrates the superiority of proposed model compared with traditional data fusion algorithm, feature fusion algorithm and proposed model without memory credibility.
New Fast Algorithms for Matrix Operations (1980)

A new technique of trilinear operations of aggregating, uniting and canceling is introduced and applied to constructing fast linear noncommutative algorithms for matrix multiplication. The result is an asymptotic improvement of Strassen’s famous algorithms for matrix operations.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of the Semihard Itinerant Ferromagnet RhFe3N (2005)

Predictions confirmed: The phase RhFe3N (see unit cell), which was recently predicted by total-energy density functional calculations and proposed to have exciting magnetic properties, was synthesized for the first time. The experimental lattice parameter is in good agreement with the theoretical prediction, and the phase appears to be a semihard itinerant ferromagnet. The atomic magnetic saturation moment, , is 8.3 μB per formula unit, and the Curie temperature, TC, is 505(25) K.
A Method to Search for Color Segmentation Threshold in Traffic Sign Detection (2009)

Color segmentation is the most commonly used method in traffic sign detection. Therefore we propose a method to search for color segmentation threshold in video. Firstly, we classify every image's pixels into positive samples and negative samples after color segmentation using some experience thresholds. Secondly, all positive samples are assembled into a new collection as ¿positive-sample-set¿, and all negative samples are assembled into ¿negative-sample-set¿. Thirdly, the difference between positive-sample-set and negative-sample-set both in RGB and HSV color space are gathered statistics. Then better thresholds for color segmentation could be found. Experiments show the color thresholds are more accurate and appropriate to detect traffic signs. And the method could also be used in other color analysis research.
Effect of electrical stimulation‐induced cycling on bone mineral density in spinal cord‐injured patients (2003)

Functional electrical stimulation-cycling applied shortly after SCI did not significantly attenuate bone loss.
Outer membrane protein folding from an energy landscape perspective (2017)

The cell envelope is essential for the survival of Gram-negative bacteria. This specialised membrane is densely packed with outer membrane proteins (OMPs), which perform a variety of functions. How OMPs fold into this crowded environment remains an open question. Here, we review current knowledge about OMP folding mechanisms in vitro and discuss how the need to fold to a stable native state has shaped their folding energy landscapes. We also highlight the role of chaperones and the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) in assisting OMP folding in vivo and discuss proposed mechanisms by which this fascinating machinery may catalyse OMP folding.
Thesis Proposal Draft June 2, 1993 (2016)

Thesis proposal on DNA turnover, DNA repair, thymineless death and adaptive mutation.
Unique method for analysing pressure distribution accross the knuckles during boxing (2015)

Objectives: The hand is commonly injured in boxing but it is not clear why some athletes sustain hand injuries while others do not. It is possible that there are differences in the distribution of impact forces at the knuckle during punching between athletes and that certain distribution patterns may be predictive of increased injury risk. We developed a method of analysing the distribution of impact forces at the knuckle during punching using pressure film. Pressure film allows a calculation of the distribution and magnitude of pressure and force between any two surfaces that come into contact. Methods: Pressure film was inserted into the gloves of three male subjects prior to punching a stationary target. After each punch, the pressure film was removed and analysed to determine the distribution of the impact force during each punch across each of the four knuckles. Punches were repeated multiple times for each subject. The proportional distribution of the impact force during punches was compared between knuckles and within subjects. Results: The proportional distribution of the impact force exerted during punches was significantly different between knuckles and within subjects (p &lt; 0.05). Knuckle 2 displayed the largest proportion of impact forces while knuckle 3 displayed the smallest proportion of impact forces. Conclusions: Pressure film inserted into boxing gloves can be used to analyse the distribution of impact forces across the knuckles during punching. Further work is needed to confirm the reliability and validity of the technique and establish whether there is an association between the impact forces at the individual knuckles and hand injury risk during boxing.
Study of animal welfare status in dairy cow herds in Hungary – looking for causes of lameness (2011)

In the last 20-30 years, lameness in cattle was found to be third the most influential disease next to mastitis and reproduction disorders. Studies have been established to explore reasons for lameness and prevention. The problem with more robust prevention plans is that knowledge and research evidence is not strong enough to run an effective prevention plan. The aim of the research is to look for reasons of lameness by observing number of cows on 6 farms during 2 lactations. Performance data will be put together to body condition score (BCS) and lameness scores. Other examination is focused on monitoring of 40 farms. This part of the project is more related to extension, collecting and sharing solutions for decreasing lameness. Producers are advised what kind of measures are possible to reduce occurrence of lameness. Effectiveness of those actions will be measured at the end of the study. The first preliminary results show lack in almost all preventive measures needed to be taken in minimizing lameness. Those areas are related to poor facilities, lack of straw, problems with labor and basic management.
Correction: Naphthalene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole based organic semiconductors for high performance organic field effect transistors(New Journal of Chemistry (2018) 42 (12374–12385) DOI: 10.1039/C8NJ01453A) (2018)

The authors would like to correct the Acknowledgements section. The Acknowledgements section should read: Qian Liu is thankful to QUT for offering here QUTPRA scholarship to conduct his research. P. S. is thankful to QUT for the financial support from the Australian Research Council (ARC) for the Future Fellowship (FT130101337) and QUT core funding (QUT/322120-0301/07). S. M. is supported by the Ministry of Education of Singapore. Some of the data reported in this paper were obtained at the Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF) operated by the Institute for Future Environments (QUT). Access to CARF is supported by generous funding from the Science and Engineering Faculty (QUT). This study was supported by the Center for Advanced Soft-Electronics (2013M3A6A5073183) through the NRF grant funded by the Korean government. The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.
Performance Of A Layered Synthetic Microstructure Spectrogoniometer For Characteristic X-Ray Lines (1986)

A spectrogoniometer designed to measure the quality of x-ray and XUV dispersive devices is described. The reflectivity of layered synthetic microstructures (LSMs) is presented at three wavelengths (13.3 A, 44.8 A, 67.7 A), corresponding to the emission lines of Cu, C, and B, respectively, emitted from a windowless x-ray tube. In particular, performance of Fabry-Perot etalons in the soft x-ray range is discussed. The observation of the Cu 2p emission spectrum obtained with an optimized LSM dispersor provides a specific example of LSM possibilities for x-ray spectroscopy.
The influence of non‐specific low back pain on pressure pain thresholds and disability (2004)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) with respect to the Erector spinae and the hip muscles in 87 patients with subacute non-specific low back pain (LBP) and to evaluate the relationship between the PPTs and disability. In order to establish reference values, 64 healthy subjects were examined with respect to PPTs and used as a control group against the group of LBP patients. The mean PPT values of the Erector spinae and the hip at all examined points of the LBP group were significantly lower (p<0.001) in comparison to the PPT values of the healthy group. An exceptionally high difference (2.7 kg/cm2) was found at the L3 Erector spinae level. The correlation between having LBP or not in the whole group (n=151) and PPT, was highest at the L3 level of the Erector spinae (r=-0.710, p<0.001). When the group of patients with LBP was divided into two subgroups in terms of having an Oswestry disability index (ODI) lower than 40 ("moderate LBP disability") or an ODI higher than 40 ("severe LBP disability") it was surprising to notice that there was no significant difference between the PPTs of the Erector spinae and the hip musculature. This study has shown the possibility of the existence of muscular disorder in the lumbar part of the Erector spinae in patients with non-specific low back pain, but also reveals the strong inter-individual differences in muscular fibrosis sensitivity and pain behaviour related to gender.
Time to run: Late rather than early exercise training in mice remodels the gut microbiome and reduces atherosclerosis development (2022)

Abstract The metabolic and inflammatory processes that are implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases are under control of the biological clock. While skeletal muscle function exhibits circadian rhythms, it is unclear to what extent the beneficial health effects of exercise are restricted to unique time windows. We aimed to study whether the timing of exercise training differentially modulates the development of atherosclerosis and elucidate underlying mechanisms. We endurance-trained atherosclerosis-prone female APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice fed a Western-type diet, a well-established human-like model for cardiometabolic diseases, for one hour five times a week for four weeks either in their early or in their late active phase on a treadmill. We monitored metabolic parameters, the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root and assessed the composition of the gut microbiota. Late, but not early, exercise training reduced fat mass by 19% and the size of early-stage atherosclerotic lesions by as much as 29% compared to sedentary animals. No correlation between cholesterol exposure and lesion size was evident, as no differences in plasma lipid levels were observed, but circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory markers ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were reduced with late exercise. Strikingly, we observed a time-of-day-dependent effect of exercise training on the composition of the gut microbiota as only late training increased the abundance of gut bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids with proposed anti-inflammatory properties. Together, these findings indicate that timing is a critical factor to the beneficial anti-atherosclerotic effects of exercise with a great potential to further optimize training recommendations for patients.
Molecular cloning of human myelin‐associated glycoprotein (1989)

The nucleotide sequence for human myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and its deduced amino acid sequence, obtained by analysis of two overlapping cDNA clones isolated from a human brain cDNA library, is presented and compared to that reported for rat MAG. The sequence provides an open reading frame of 1,878 nucleotides encoding a peptide of 626 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 69.1 kD. It is 89% homologous in nucleotide sequence to the large isoform of rat MAG, with 95% homology in the amino acid sequence. It contains 9 potential glycosylation sites, one more than in rat, and shares other key features with rat MAG, including 5 immunoglobulin-like regions of internal homology, an RGD sequence, and potential phosphorylation sites. Its structure appears to be highly conserved in evolution, possibly suggesting a close interdependence between its structure and function. The human gene is located on the proximal long arm of chromosome 19 (19q12----q13.2).
Temporal phase zone plates for linear optical pulse compression (2013)

We demonstrate linear optical pulse compression by using temporal phase zone plates based on electro-optic phase modulation, achieving experimental time-bandwidth products (or equivalent time compression factors) &gt; 150 using phase-modulation amplitudes of only π radians.
Development of the indirect ring tension fracture test for hot-mix asphalt (2014)

Almost all of the current hot-mix asphalt (HMA) fracture tests are considered to be research tools. This paper describes the development of the indirect ring tension (IRT) fracture test for HMA, which was designed to be an effective and user-friendly test that could be used at the Department of Transportation level. Numerical modelling was utilised to calibrate the stress intensity factor formula of the IRT fracture test for various specimen dimensions. The results of this extensive analysis were encapsulated in a single equation. An experimental plan was developed to optimise the test parameters for HMA specimens. The experiment results revealed that the test is highly repeatable, and capable of capturing the variations in the fracture properties of HMA. Moreover, the data from laboratory tests were utilised to estimate the maximum allowable crack lengths for the pavements based on a viscoelastic model.
A natural killer cell gene signature predicts melanoma patient survival (2018)

Abstract Animal models have demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells can limit the metastatic dissemination of tumors, however their ability to combat established human tumors has been difficult to investigate. A number of computational methods have been developed for the deconvolution of immune cell types within solid tumors. We have taken the NK cell gene signatures from several tools, then curated and expanded this list using recent reports from the literature. Using a gene set scoring method to investigate RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) we show that patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma have an improved survival rate if their tumor shows evidence of greater NK cell infiltration. Furthermore, these survival effects are enhanced in tumors which have a higher expression of NK cell stimuli such as IL-15, suggesting NK cells are part of a coordinated immune response within these patients. Using this signature we then examine transcriptomic data to identify tumor and stromal components which may influence the penetrance of NK cells into solid tumors. These data support a role for NK cells in the regulation of human tumors and highlight potential survival effects associated with increased NK cell activity. Furthermore, our computational analysis identifies a number of potential targets which may help to unleash the anti-tumor potential of NK cells as we enter the age of immunotherapy.
Prokaryotic peptides that block leukocyte adherence to selectins. (1993)

Pertussis toxin binds target cells through the carbohydrate recognition properties of two subunits, S2 and S3, which share amino acid sequence similarity with the lectin domains of the eukaryotic selectin family. Selectins appear on inflamed endothelial cells and promote rolling of leukocytes by reversibly binding carbohydrates. S2, S3, and synthetic peptides representing their carbohydrate recognition domains competitively inhibited adherence of neutrophils to selectin-coated surfaces and to endothelial cells in vitro. These proteins and peptides also rapidly upregulated the function of the leukocyte integrin CD11b/CD18. These findings implicate mimicry of eukaryotic selectins by prokaryotic adhesive ligands and link the mechanisms underlying leukocyte trafficking to microbial pathogenesis.
Legible thumbnail (2011)

In recent years, digital notebooks have been replacing traditional paper-based notebooks with the development of handwriting input devices. Currently, we can access digital notebooks in various devices, including mobile devices. When we use such mobile devices, however, their limited screen size results in difficulty in understanding the summary of hand-written documents, without the use of a zoom feature. In this paper, we therefore propose the "Legible Thumbnail" that helps us to understand the summary without zooming. Our method detects the important words based on emphasis, such as an underline, and the method outputs the emphasized words to the thumbnail. Experiments show our thumbnail reduces search time by 21%.