gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AWD 12-281 (2002)

Airway diseases such as bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic inflammatory diseases whose prevalence is increasing. Current research concerned with developing effective treatments for these conditions have focused on the search for alternatives to the standard corticosteroid antiinflammatory therapy. Selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have received a considerable amount of attention due to their ability to suppress the functions of several cell types involved in allergic and inflammatory disorders. Tne selective PDE4 inhibitor AWD 12-281 is the result of a pharmacophore-based synthesis program wherein the optimization process was supported by ligand-based drug design methods. AWD 12-281 was selected for further development for its high affinity and selectivity for the human PDE4 isoenzyme and due to its potent activity and excellent tolerability in models of allergic rhinitis, asthma and COPD, especially after topical treatment.
Pre-breakdown phenomena in synthetic ester and silicone oils for power transformers (2008)

This paper reports on the initiation and propagation of streamers in synthetic ester and silicon oils for power transformers. The study is carried out under dc voltage using a point-plane electrode arrangement. We especially analyze the initiation voltage of streamers as well as the associated current and light emitted by these streamers. The influence of hydrostatic pressure (P <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</inf> ) on these characteristic parameters is also investigated. It’s shown that the initiation threshold voltage (U <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> ) of streamers is higher with a positive point than with a negative one whatever the liquid ; U <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> increases quasi-linearly with PH. The values of U <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> are higher in silicon oil than in synthetic ester (tetraester).
SEM ultrastructure studies of N‐acyl‐ and N‐benzylidene‐chitosan and chitosan membranes (1981)

Fine ultrastructures of the cross sections of membranes, which are derived from chitosan and utilizable as artificial kidney, are examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three types of unique ultrastructure of the membrane cross sections are present: N-acylchitosan membranes [N-acetyl (1), N-propionyl (2), N-butyryl (3), N-pentanoyl (4), N-hexanoyl (5), N-octanoyl (6), and N-benzoyl (7)], N-benzylidenechitosan membranes (8) and chitosan membranes (9). The vertical cross sections of membranes 1-7 consist of orderly arranged layers that are formed by an assembly of particle units of fibrils. Neither fibrils nor layers are present and a smooth surface is characteristic of the cross sections of (8). On the other hand, the particle units of fibrils are absent and a nappy rough surface is characteristic of the cross sections of (9). N-Acetylation of (9) affords the article units of fibrils that are disorderly oriented. Low- and middle-molecular compounds (MW less than 2000) pass through small pores among these fibrils present in orderly arranged layers of the membranes. Properties of these N-acyl-chitosan membranes well meet the requirements of artificial kidney membranes.
Draw Ratio at the Onset of Strain-Induced Crystallization in Cross-Linked Natural Rubber (2020)

The first theory of strain-induced crystallization in regular elastomers was laid out some 70 years ago by Flory. He identified the driving mechanism that concurs to the stabilization of the crystalline phase under stretching as the relaxation of the remaining amorphous phase because of the growth of oriented crystallites. However, Flory’s theory is an equilibrium theory and does not apply to dynamic conditions that are kinetically controlled. We presently performed careful measurements of the crystallinity index and draw ratio for the amorphous phase during mechanical cycling and step-wise extension so as to enlighten their intricate interplay. We propose a simple description of the crystallization process that allows establishing a quantitative relation between these two parameters and predicting their time-evolution. This analysis leads to the definition of a master curve for the time-variation of the crystallinity index.
<title>Family Of Calibrated Stereometric Cameras For Direct Intraoral Use</title> (1983)

In order to study empirically the relative efficiencies of different types of orthodontic appliances in repositioning teeth in vivo, we have designed and constructed a pair of fixed-focus, normal case, fully-calibrated stereometric cameras. One is used to obtain stereo photography of single teeth, at a scale of approximately 2:1, and the other is designed for stereo imaging of the entire dentition, study casts, facial structures, and other related objects at a scale of approximately 1:8. Twin lenses simultaneously expose adjacent frames on a single roll of 70 mm film. Physical flatness of the film is ensured by the use of a spring-loaded metal pressure plate. The film is forced against a 3/16&quot; optical glass plate upon which is etched an array of 16 fiducial marks which divide the film format into 9 rectangular regions. Using this approach, it has been possible to produce photographs which are undistorted for qualitative viewing and from which quantitative data can be acquired by direct digitization of conventional photographic enlargements. We are in the process of designing additional members of this family of cameras. All calibration and data acquisition and analysis techniques previously developed will be directly applicable to these new cameras.
Abstract 463: Linoleate Epoxides, Epomes, Are Potent Anti-inflammatory Fatty Acid Epoxides and Nearly Equivalent to Arachidonate-derived Epetres (2016)

Background: Epoxides of arachidonic acid (EpETrEs, also commonly EETs) are potent anti-inflammatory lipid mediators and are associated with hypotensive and protective vascular actions. Marine omega-3 versions (epoxides of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) have similar action. Surprisingly, none of these epoxides are as abundant in tissues or in plasma as epoxides of linoleic acid (EpOMEs) are. EpOMEs are up to one-hundred times more abundant than EpETrEs. Hence, EpOMEs could exert physiologic effects even with potency two-orders of magnitude higher, provided they have comparable efficacy. Few studies consider EpOMEs when assessing outcomes. Objective: To compare the potency and efficacy of EpOMEs to EpETrEs in a model of inflammation relevant to vascular disease, the RAW 264.7 macrophage. Approach and results: The suppression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFa) in RAW 264.7 macrophages responding to LPS treatment (500 nM, 24 hrs.) was measured in the presence of 1 hour pretreatment with 9(10)-EpOME and 11(12)-EpETrE over 4-orders of magnitude (0.03 nM to 100 nM). The resulting dose-response curves were used to estimate potency (IC 50 ), and efficacy (suppression as percent of maximal LPS activation). Least-square-mean and 95% CIs are reported. The IC 50 for suppression of cytokines by EpOME and EpETrE were not different, regardless of cytokine, yielding an estimate of 4.2 [2.6, 6.8] nM and indicating that EpOMEs are equipotent to EpETrEs in cytokine suppression. While EpOMEs had the same effectiveness in suppressing IL-6 to 59% [54, 64] of max, they were not as effective in suppressing TNFa, to 83% [80, 86] of max versus 78% [75, 81] for EpETrEs (p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: Given their great abundance in tissue and plasma, linoleate epoxides would need to be more than 100 times less potent than arachidonate epoxides to be physiologically irrelevant. Here, we find they are equipotent for suppression of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, with moderately lower efficacy for one cytokine, TNFa. We find little reason to ignore linoleate-derived EpOMEs and conclude they are a physiologically relevant pool of epoxides whose levels should be measured along with EpETrE and other epoxides when estimating overall epoxide effects.
A New Species Of The Army Ant Genus Aenictus From Taiwan (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). (1984)

xBio:D Automated Upload
Bose-Einstein condensation-entropy (2004)

I: Bose-Einstein Condensation.- Claude COHEN-TANNOUDJI Bose-Einstein Condensation: An Introduction.- Sebastien BALIBAR Looking Back at Superfluid Helium 17.- Gora V. SHLYAPNIKOV Condensed Matter Approaches to Quantum Gases.- Jean DALIBARD and Christophe SALOMON Experiments with Cold Atoms.- Philippe NOZIERES Bose-Einstein Condensation and Quantum Coherence:From Superfluidity to Localization,from Fermi Liquids to Superconductors.- II: Entropy.- Olivier DARRIGOL The Origins of the Entropy Concept.- Roger BALIAN Entropy, a Protean Concept.- Christian MAES On the Origin and Use of Fluctuation Relationsfor the Entropy.- Felix RITORT Work Fluctuations, Transient Violations of the Second Law and Free-Energy Recovery Methods: Perspectives in Theory and Experiments.- Thibault DAMOUR The Entropy of Black Holes: A Primer.
1α,25(OH)2-Vitamin D and a Nongenomic Vitamin D Analogue Inhibit Ultraviolet Radiation–Induced Skin Carcinogenesis (2011)

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can lead to a range of deleterious responses in the skin. An important form of damage is the DNA photolesion cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD). CPDs can be highly mutagenic if not repaired prior to cell division and can lead to UV-induced immunosuppression, making them potentially carcinogenic. UVR exposure also produces vitamin D, a prehormone. Different shapes of the steroid hormone 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [1,25(OH)₂D₃] can produce biological responses through binding either to its cognate nuclear receptor (VDR) to regulate gene transcription or to the VDR associated with plasma membrane caveolae to produce, via signal transduction, nongenomic physiologic responses. Here, we show that both 1,25(OH)₂D₃ and 1α,25(OH)₂-lumisterol (JN), a conformationally restricted analogue that can generate only nongenomic responses, are effective inhibitors of UV damage in an immunocompetent mouse (Skh:hr1) model susceptible to UV-induced tumors. Both 1,25(OH)₂D₃ and JN significantly reduced UVR-induced CPD, apoptotic sunburn cells, and immunosuppression. Furthermore, these compounds inhibited skin tumor development, both papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas, in these mice. The observed reduction of these UV-induced effects by 1,25(OH)₂D₃ and JN suggests a role for these compounds in prevention against skin carcinogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report of an in vivo long-term biological response generated by chronic dosing with a nongenomic-selective vitamin D steroid.
Rotary Liner Drilling Application in Deepwater Gulf of Mexico (2006)

Abstract Many wells drilled today have complex well paths or are drilled through depleted or problem formations. In these wells, the liner may have to be reamed or drilled in, either to pass through the previously drilled hole or to make a new hole in the problematic formation. In many cases, the liner cannot be run to bottom as planned because unexpected problems are encountered. This situation can cost millions of dollars due to the required remedial work and deferral of production. This paper will discuss a rotary liner drilling application utilizing an expandable liner hanger in the Gulf of Mexico. The primary objectives of the trial were to develop a better understanding of the status of current technologies and how these apply to the challenges of this type of application.
Silver(I) perturbation of (E)–(Z) photoisomerization of stilbene and azobenzene (1991)

The influence of AgClO4 on the photochemical behaviour of stilbene and azobenzene in acetonitrile and methanol has been compared with that of Nal, a well known perturber of the excited-state properties via the heavy-atom effect. Both the salts quench the fluorescence and the geometrical photoisomerization yields of stilbene, the effect being greater in CH3OH. l– has no effect on the photoisomerization of azobenzene whatever the solvent, while Ag+ increases the isomerization yield in CH3OH but has no effect in CH3CN. l– interacts with the singlet excited state of stilbene and l–via a charge-transfer complex which favours (owing to the heavy-atom effect) ISC to the isomerizable triplet state of the alkene. The lack of effect of l– on the azobenzene photoisomerization probably results from its exceedingly short lifetime. Ag+ forms a ground-state complex with stilbene and azobenzene in methanol solution, as is apparent from the variations of the absorption spectrum of the two aromatics. The light excitation of the complex causes (E)→(Z) isomerization of the bond chromophore.
A Hidden Epithelial Barrier in the Brain with a Central Role in Regulating Brain Homeostasis. Implications for Aging (2016)

Despite increasing interest the last years, the choroid plexus still is a relatively understudied tissue in neuroscience. The choroid plexus contains fenestrated capillaries surrounded by tightly connected choroid plexus epithelial cells that form the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The choroid plexus is the main source of cerebrospinal fluid production, assures removal of toxic waste products, and acts as gatekeeper of the brain by the presence of resident inflammatory cells. Increasing evidence shows that choroid plexus' dysfunction, via altered secretory, transport, immune, and barrier function, plays a central role in a very diverse set of clinical conditions such as aging and the age-associated Alzheimer's disease. Indeed, age-related changes may weaken the barrier formed by the choroid plexus epithelial cells and/or impair the choroid plexus' ability to generate cerebrospinal fluid and to produce beneficial factors. Consequently, advanced knowledge of the choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid system in aging is essential to better understand age-associated neurological diseases and might open up new therapeutic strategies.
Differential responses of the mosquito Aedes albopictus from the Indian Ocean region to two chikungunya isolates (2010)

We demonstrated that CHIKV only reduces the survival of Ae. albopictus from the Reunion Island. By laying eggs just before death, reproduction of Ae. albopictus from the Reunion Island is not reduced since other parameters characterizing oviposition and hatching were not affected.
Lignin supracolloids synthesized from (W/O) microemulsions: use in the interfacial stabilization of Pickering systems and organic carriers for silver metal (2015)

Taking advantage of the aromatic and cross-linking tendency of lignin macromolecules extracted from plants, we present a novel method for their assembly into supracolloidal structures. Specifically, spherical particles with controllable size (∼90 nm to 1 μm) were obtained from water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions formulated with a mixture of nonionic surfactants and a colloidal dispersion of a low molecular weight alkali lignin. After spontaneous emulsification, the internal lignin-rich phase was cross-linked to produce the solid particles that could be easily separated by removal of the organic, continuous phase. The efficiency of the fractionated lignin particles to stabilize hexadecane-in-water Pickering emulsions was demonstrated and their properties were compared against those obtained by using traditional inorganic particles. The effect of the particle size of lignin on the emulsion structure is discussed. As a proof of concept we further introduce the use of related emulsions to enable in situ reduction of silver and loading of silver nanoparticles in lignin carriers.
Superhydrophobic inkjet printed flexible graphene circuits via direct-pulsed laser writing (2017)

(Left) Scanning electron microscopy micrographs and corresponding contact angle (CA) images for (top) thermally annealed inkjet printed graphene (IPG) and (bottom) laser annealed (IPG). (Right) Molecular dynamic simulation results correlating CA and changes in graphene petal orientation due to laser treated IPG.
Vitiligo: Pathogenetic Hypotheses and Targets for Current Therapies (2010)

Vitiligo is a multifactorial disorder characterized by the appearance of white maculae that may spread over the entire body skin. Depigmentation arises from the loss of functioning melanocytes. Non segmental vitiligo (NSV) is the most common form of the disease: it is usually progressive and may be associated with familiarity and autoimmunity. Segmental vitiligo (SV) frequently stabilizes few years after its onset. Vitiligo etiology involves multiple pathogenetic factors, most of them working in concert. Impaired antioxidative defences lead to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which affect melanocytes. Mitochondrial membrane lipid peroxidation may participate to ROS overproduction. A temporal sequence may connect oxidative stress and autoimmunity. Overall, a genetic predisposition renders vitiligo melanocytes more susceptible to precipitating factors than normal healthy melanocytes. The definition of isolated or superimposed manifestations of polygenic skin disorders has been proposed for SV and SV-NSV association. Keratinocytes and melanocytes are both affected and apoptosis, ageing or melanocythorragy are the ultimate effects of the complex deregulation in vitiligo skin. Pathogenetic therapies mainly act by inducing immunosuppression and stimulation of melanocyte proliferation and migration. Here the most popular hypotheses for the pathogenesis of vitiligo are summarized. Fundamental cellular, biochemical and molecular alterations accounting for melanocyte destruction in vitiligo are also described. Last, pathogenetic approaches in the treatment of such a complex disease are discussed, with particular consideration on the cellular and molecular targets of the current therapies.
NPOESS airborne sounder testbed interferometer (NAST-I) signal processing and initial flight test results (1998)

As a testbed to evaluate instrument specifications and data reduction techniques for future satellite atmospheric sounders, an airborne Fourier transform interferometer sounder has been developed for the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). The NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed Interferometer (NAST-I) collects atmospheric sounding from NASA's high-altitude ER-2 aircraft. Flown at a nominal 20km altitude, collected data is meant to simulate spaceborne atmospheric sounding. The NAST interferometer generates high quality interferograms over the 3.7-16.1 micrometers IR range with a resolution of 0.25cm<SUP>-1</SUP>. Interferograms are collected in real-time by an embedded TI TMS320C32 digital signal processing chip housed in an industrial grade 133MHz Pentium PC. Three channels of analog interferogram data and one channel of telemetry data are acquired by four, 16-bit analog to digital converters. Oversampling and decimation are then used to produce high-fidelity samples at a reduced rate and to relax analog filter design requirements. This paper focuses on the signal processing aspects of the instrument and discuss test flight data collected during the instrument's initial flight test.
The efficacy of high-intensity, focused ultrasound treatment for non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva. (2016)

Non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva (NNEDV) are common types of vulval lesions. Although corticosteroids represent a first-line treatment for NNEDV, concerns exist about the safety associated with long-term topical corticosteroid use. Recently, several clinical trials have identified high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) as a promising treatment modality for NNEDV. The aim of this multi-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial was to investigate the efficacy of HIFU therapy in women with NNEDV based on histological alterations. We enrolled patients who were clinically diagnosed with NNEDV. They were randomized into 2 treatment groups: 1) halcinonide for 3 months or 2) HIFU once. A total of 123 patients were biopsied both prior to and after the therapy, and 62 and 61 patients were assigned to the HIFU and halcinonide groups, respectively. The histological changes were then analyzed. After the treatments, the therapeutic effects were observed in both groups. Comparing the diagnosis and alterations in lichenoid and sclerotic patterns and in chronic inflammation, we found statistically significant differences. Furthermore, when compared with the halcinonide group, the HIFU group exhibited enhanced curative effects that were statistically significant (P = 0.039). Based on the histological evidence from this randomized, controlled trial, HIFU represents an effective method for the treatment of NNEDV.
Colorimetric Nanoplasmonics to Spot Hyperglycemia From Saliva (2020)

Early diagnostics and point-of-care (POC) devices can save people's lives or drastically improve their quality. In particular, millions of diabetic patients worldwide benefit from POC devices for frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose. Yet, this still involves invasive sampling processes, which are quite discomforting for frequent measurements, or implantable devices dedicated to selected chronic patients, thus precluding large-scale monitoring of the globally increasing diabetic disorders. Here, we report a non-invasive colorimetric sensing platform to identify hyperglycemia from saliva. We designed plasmonic multibranched gold nanostructures, able to rapidly change their shape and color (naked-eye detection) in the presence of hyperglycemic conditions. This "reshaping approach" provides a fast visual response and high sensitivity, overcoming common detection issues related to signal (color intensity) losses and bio-matrix interferences. Notably, optimal performances of the assay were achieved in real biological samples, where the biomolecular environment was found to play a key role. Finally, we developed a dipstick prototype as a rapid home-testing kit.