gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Cathode Interface Layer Based on 4,5,9,10‐Pyrene Diimide for Highly Efficient Binary Organic Solar Cells (2022)

Efficient cathode interfacial layers (CILs) are becoming essential elements for organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the absorption of commonly used cathode interfacial materials (CIMs) is either too weak or overlaps too much with that of photoactive materials, hindering their contribution to the light absorption. In this work, we demonstrate the construction of highly efficient CIMs based on 2,7-di-tert-butyl-4,5,9,10-pyrene diimide (t-PyDI) framework. By introducing amino, amino N-oxide and quaternary ammonium bromide as functional groups, three novel self-doped CIMs named t-PyDIN, t-PyDINO and t-PyDINBr are synthesized. These CIMs are capable of boosting the device performances by broadening the absorption, forming ohmic contact at the interface of active layer and electrode, as well as facilitating electron collection. Notably, the device based on t-PyDIN achieved a power conversion efficiency of 18.25 %, which is among the top efficiencies reported to date in binary OSCs.
The impact of digital health interventions on the psychological outcomes of patients and families receiving paediatric palliative care: A systematic review and narrative synthesis (2021)

Despite the design and development of digital health interventions that span the technological landscape, little research has assessed their psychosocial impact in the paediatric palliative care community. Whilst the evidence base around the role of these interventions continues to grow, their impact on children and their families must not be overlooked.
Attosecond timing noise of photocurrent pulses and microwaves extracted from optical frequency combs (2022)

We reveal that the excess timing jitter between the optical pulses and the rising edges of photocurrent pulses reaches tens of attoseconds. To fully exploit the ultralow jitter, we demonstrate a photocurrent pulse shaping method.
Biofilm Performance of a Fluidized Bed Biofilm Reactor for Drinking Water Denitrification (1992)

The properties of two biofilms generated with different predominant organisms were studied in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed bioreactor. Bed expansion, biofilm thickness, biofilm density, protein and polysaccharide concentrations were measured and compared. A high polysaccharide concentration was observed in the less dense and more fragile biofilm of Ps. aeruginosa. The more active biofilm of Ps. stutzeri was characterized by higher protein concentration and density. The results demonstrated that the biofilm performance mostly depended on the physiological characteristics of the preponderant organism. Complete nitrate reduction was reached in both biofilms at very low biofilm thickness. Elevated residual nitrite was observed only in the biofilm of Ps. aeruginosa.
Effect of Minimum Quantity Lubrication on Turning Characteristics (2008)

In this paper, the MQL turning of two types of ferrous metals: chromium-molybdenum steel SCM440H and pearlite malleable cast iron FCMP: is dealt with. The appropriate generating system of oil mist is constructed and the specified turning tool with oil hole is used. In order to verify the cooling effect of MQL, the tool temperature at the flank face is measured using a newly assembled fiber-coupled two-color pyrometer. In this new technique, a sensing fiber is inserted into a small hole that extends to the outer surface of the tubelike workpiece and it rotates with the workpiece. The thermal radiation accepted by a sensing fiber is noncontactly transmitted to the other fixed fiber and led to the two-color detectors. As for cutting force in turning of SCM440H, MQL is more effective in low cutting speed below 100 m/min. The tool temperature in MQL turning is approximately 100°C lower than that in dry turning over the wide range of 30∼300 m/min. In the case of FCMP, the tool temperature in dry turning at a cutting speed of 600 m/min reaches as much as about 1040°C, but it drops 920°C in MQL turning.
A simulation tool for analysis of alternative paradigms for the new electricity business (2002)

Various proposals have been made for new paradigms for operating the restructuring electrical system. One of the key challenges associated with this restructuring is to effectively analyze and evaluate the effects these alternative paradigms may have on major aspects of power system operations, including the so called ancillary services. The paper provides preliminary results on the development of a simulation tool to perform this analysis. Since power systems are ultimately governed by the laws of physics, the heart of the tool is a power system simulation engine, valid over a simulated time frame of minutes to days. The modular structure of the tool then allows other packages to be superimposed on this structure to represent different proposed paradigms. Integration of effective visualization into an interactive simulation environment is then used to gain understanding and insights concerning the attributes of each paradigm.
The Virtual Design Team: Designing Project Organizations as Engineers Design Bridges (2012)

This paper reports on a 20-year program of research intended to advance the theory and practice of organization design for projects from its current status as an art practiced by a handful of consultants worldwide, based on their intuition and tacit knowledge, to: (1) an “organizational engineering” craft, practiced by a new generation of organizational designers; and (2) an attractive and complementary platform for new modes of “virtual synthetic organization theory research.” The paper begins with a real-life scenario that provided the motivation for developing the Virtual Design Team (VDT), an agent-based project organizational simulation tool to help managers design the work processes and organization of project teams engaged in large, semi-routine but complex and fast-paced projects. The paper sets out the underlying philosophy, representation, reasoning, and validation of VDT, and it concludes with suggestions for future research on computational modeling for organization design to extend the frontiers of organizational micro-contingency theory and expand the range of applicability and usefulness of design tools for project organizations and supply-chain networks based on this theory.
Self Explanation For Effective Learning In Engineering Chemistry: An Exploratory Study For Incoming Freshmen (2020)

He also holds a BS and a Ph.D. from the University of Sibiu, Romania with a specialization in manufacturing technologies and respectively cutting-tools design. His research interests include Design-Based Research in technology-enabled learning contexts, technology-mediated problem solving, applications of dynamic modeling for learning of complex topics, and the impact of epistemic beliefs on learning with technology.
Light scattering from cells: finite-difference time-domain simulations and goniometric measurements (1999)

We have examined the light-scattering properties of inhomogeneous biological cells through a combination of theoretical simulations and goniometric measurements. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique was used to compute intensity as a function of scattering angle for cells containing multiple organelles and spatially varying index of refraction profiles. An automated goniometer was constructed to measure the scattering properties of dilute cell suspensions. Measurements compared favorably with FDTD predictions. FDTD and experimental results indicate that scattering properties are strongly influenced by cellular biochemical and morphological structure.
Shear‐Induced Organization in Flexible Polymer Opals (2008)

Shear-induced organization in flexible polymer opals is studied using probing UV-surface diffraction combined with band gap measurements. These opals consist of a coherently ordered “super domain” characterized by a radial director vector and show anisotropic photonic behavior depending on the relative vectorial orientation of strain and director.
SEPARATINGMYCOPLASMAFIELD STRAINS FROM NON-PATHOGENIC AVIAN MYCOPLASMAS (2006)

The objective of this research was to develop a method to separate rapidly growing nonpathogenic avian mycoplasma species from slower growing MG field strains. Three nonpathogenic mycoplasmas were separately mixed with MG and were inoculated onto Chick Embryo Fibroblast Cells (CEF). Later, 400 ug/ml of gentamicin sulphate was added to the culture and incubated for three hours, eliminating the nonpathogenic mycoplasmas and allowing MG to be isolated in pure culture. When Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) were inoculated with MG, removal of nicotinamid adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and cysteine hydrochloride during serial passage in Frey broth medium successfully eliminated growth of MS, and provided a means to obtain MS-free cultures. This relatively inexpensive procedure produced pure MG cultures in about two weeks, as compared to months of picking individual colonies and accessing their purity. These findings will allow more isolates to be ALFP, RFLP and RAPD fingerprinted in current and future outbreaks.
Optical Performance Monitoring: A Review of Current and Future Technologies (2015)

Optical performance monitoring (OPM) is the estimation and acquisition of different physical parameters of transmitted signals and various components of an optical network. OPM functionalities are indispensable in ensuring robust network operation and plays a key role in enabling flexibility and improve overall network efficiency. We review the development of various OPM techniques for direct-detection systems and digital coherent systems and discuss future OPM challenges in flexible and elastic optical networks.
Retransmission and Backoff Strategies for Broadcasting in Multi-hop Wireless Networks (2006)

This work proposes new retransmission and backoff strategies for network-wide broadcasting in multi-hop wireless networks. A comparative analysis is presented between existing algorithms as well as the ones proposed herein. Simulation experiments and analysis are used throughout this work to study or demonstrate the properties and performance of specific strategies as well as other properties or results of a more general nature. Several topics not considered in previous work are also studied. The broadcasting strategies are evaluated with respect to their impact on routing protocols that rely on flooding to perform path discovery, and research is conducted in designing schemes that maximize the route lifetime. Different backoff strategies are proposed and their performance is examined.
Mechanical and electrical properties of hydraulic lime pastes reinforced with carbon nanomaterials (2020)

The aim of the present work is to study a binary paste matrix applied for the development of Cultural Heritage restoration mortars, which incorporates modified carbon nanomaterials as reinforcement. In specific, a mixture of natural hydraulic lime and metakaolin was examined. The incorporation of two different, nanomaterials was studied, namely reduced graphene oxide and carboxylated carbon nanotubes. Both types of nano-reinforcement were added at a concentration of 0.15 wt % of the binder. The pastes were studied through mechanical tests (compression, flexure), as well as electrical resistance measurements. The mechanical tests showed that the flexural strength is significantly increased when the carboxylated carbon nanotubes are added, due to the anchoring capability of the nanotubes. The addition of reduced graphene oxide increases the compressive strength of the paste, while for both nano-reinforcements a decrease in electrical resistance is recorded that indicates a good distribution of the electrically conductive nanomaterials within the binder, forming an efficient electrical network. The experimental test results strongly indicate the potential use of the nano-composite binder for the structural health monitoring of cultural heritage architectural monuments.
Formation of Block Copolymer-Protected Nanoparticles via Reactive Impingement Mixing (2007)

Reactive impingement mixing was employed to produce polymer-protected nanoparticles. Amphiphilic block copolymer was formed in situ by reactive coupling of hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks. Simultaneously, a hydrophobic compound and the copolymer coprecipitated to form nanoparticles in the range of 100 nm. Specifically, beta-carotene was stabilized by the amphiphilic diblock copolymer, formed from the reaction of an amino-terminated hydrophilic block, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-NH2), with an acid chloride-terminated hydrophobic block, either poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL-COCl) or polystyrene (PS-COCl). Spherical particles were observed by scanning and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Process conditions, including feed concentration of beta-carotene and feed concentrations of polymeric stabilizers, had little or no effect on average particle sizes over the range studied. Further, for Reynolds numbers greater than 500 the feed flow rates also had no effect. The effect of glass transition temperature (Tg) of the hydrophobic polymer on morphology and particle formation mechanism is discussed.
Alternative fates of newly formed PrPSc upon prion conversion on the plasma membrane (2013)

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterised by the accumulation of misfolded prion protein (PrP(Sc)) in the brain. They are caused by the templated misfolding of normal cellular protein, PrP(C), by PrP(Sc). We have recently generated a unique cell system in which epitope-tagged PrP(C) competent to produce bona fide PrP(Sc) is expressed in neuroblastoma cells. Using this system we demonstrated that PrP(Sc) forms on the cell surface within minutes of prion exposure. Here, we describe the intracellular trafficking of newly formed PrP(Sc). After formation in GM1-enriched lipid microdomains at the plasma membrane, PrP(Sc) is rapidly internalised to early endosomes containing transferrin and cholera toxin B subunit. Following endocytosis, PrP(Sc) intracellular trafficking diverges: some is recycled to the plasma membrane via Rab11-labelled recycling endosomes; the remaining PrP(Sc) is subject to retromer-mediated retrograde transport to the Golgi. This pathway leads to lysosomal degradation, and we show that this is the dominant PrP(Sc) degradative mechanism in the early stages of prion infection.
Frontispiece: A Selection of Macrocyclic Peptides That Bind STING From an mRNA‐Display Library With Split Degenerate Codons (2021)

Peptides In their Communication on page 22640, Chi-Wang Lin et al. report the selection of macrocyclic peptides that bind STING from an mRNA-display library with split degenerate codons.
Adoptive transfer of type 1 regulatory T cells suppressed the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation model mice (2019)

Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells are CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells that produce a large amount of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. However, it has not been fully elucidated whether Tr1 cells suppress allergic asthma. In this study, the effects of adoptive transfer of in vitro-induced Tr1 cells on allergic asthma were evaluated. Splenocytes from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized BALB/c mice were cultured with OVA, IL-21, IL-27, and TGF-β. After culture, IL-10-producing CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells were isolated by Dynabeads mouse CD4 and IL-10 secretion assay, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Purified Tr1 cells (IL-10<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells) were intravenously injected into OVA-sensitized BALB/c mice. The recipient mice were intratracheally challenged with OVA. Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine was assessed by the forced oscillation technique, followed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Almost all of the induced IL-10-producing CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells were negative for interferon-γ, IL-4, IL-17A, and forkhead box P3, suggesting that the cells were Tr1 cells. The adoptive transfer of Tr1 cells significantly suppressed the development of airway hyperresponsiveness, and increases in IL-5, eosinophils, and neutrophils in BAL fluid. In conclusion, we demonstrated that Tr1 cells suppressed allergic asthma in mice.
Reaction of Trialkyl(dibromomethyl)silanes or 1,2-Bis(dibromomethyl)benzene with Triorganomanganates. A Facile and Selective Synthesis of Alkenylsilanes and 1,2-Diaryl-1,2-dihydrobenzocyclobutenes (2000)

Abstract Treatment of trialkyl(dibromomethyl)silanes with trialkylmanganates, derived from manganese(II) chloride and three molar amounts of Grignard reagents or alkyllithiums, provided (E)-1-trialkylsilyl-1-alkenes with high stereoselectivity in good yields. The reaction of trialkyl(dibromomethyl)silanes with alkylmagnesium halides proceeded in the presence of a catalytic amount of manganese(II) chloride. Treatment of 1,2-bis(dibromomethyl)benzene with triphenylmanganate gave 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-dihydrobenzocyclobutene.
Surface-wave suppression of resonance-type periodic structures (2002)

Periodic structures of the resonance type are investigated with a focus on the utilization of structure dispersion to achieve a wide-band operation for the surface-wave suppression. Both approximate and exact formulations are presented to illustrate wave processes involved in the resonant structure and to develop useful criteria for design purpose.
From Nano- to Micrometer Scale: The Role of Antisolvent Treatment on High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells (2017)

To date, antisolvent treatment has become one of the most important means to fabricate high efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs); however, the few reported antisolvents have not been analyzed on a uniform platform, and there is hitherto no clear reasoning in the choice of antisolvents toward high performance PSCs. Here, we study the role of the antisolvents in the nucleation kinetics of perovskite solutions and their residual influence on perovskite crystal growth, film formation, and device performance. Through X-ray diffraction analysis on the complicated double mixed perovskite, we qualitatively evaluate the impact of thermal annealing and antisolvent treatment (A.S.T.) on the phase composition and microstructure of the films. By using miscible antisolvents with high boiling point instead of immiscible low boiling point solvents, we obtain homogeneous and almost pinhole-free perovskite films. When using trifluorotoluene (TFT) to replace toluene and chlorobenzene as a novel antisolvent, we achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.3% under optimized device fabrication conditions with a composite perovskite as active layer. The conclusions from this study should assist in establishing reproducible fabrication processes and finding better antisolvent candidates for perovskite solar cells.
Tuning of Texture and Structure of Copper-Containing Nanocomposite Oxide Materials (2008)

For studies of textural tuning, structural tuning, or materials sintering, copper/aluminum and copper/zinc nanocomposite materials were prepared. Resistance to sintering of different phases was investigated. Thermal analysis methods were used to design feasible thermal treatment methods that can avoid destructive damages to gels. X-ray diffraction and nitrogen sorption measurements were used for structural and textural analysis. Compared with the wide distributions of pore sizes and low surface areas of the products prepared via conventional coprecipitation methods, a novel urea-gelation/thermal-modification method was developed to produce CuO/Al2O3 nanocomposites with narrow distributions of pore sizes and high surface areas. In comparison with the products of conventional coprecipitation methods, this novel urea-gelation/thermal-modification method produces copper/aluminum nanocomposites with significantly higher specific copper loading, which should be valuable in apparatus that have space limitations, such as vehicle fuel cell systems. Stepwise reduction and reoxidation were studied for the structural tuning and purification of Cu−Al−O spinel phases with isotropic and gradual unit-cell contractions. The textural and structural features of some copper/aluminum nanocomposite materials were observed by electron microscopy methods, that is, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED).
Inhibition of the NEMO/IKKβ association complex formation, a novel mechanism associated with the NF-κB activation suppression by Withania somnifera’s key metabolite withaferin A (2010)

NF-κB is one of the most attractive topics in current biological, biochemical, and pharmacological research, and in the recent years the number of studies focusing on its inhibition/regulation has increased manifolds. Small ligands (both natural and synthetic) are gaining particular attention in this context. Our computational analysis provided a rationalization of the ability of naturally occurring withaferin A to alter the NF-κB signalling pathway along with its proposed mode of inhibition of the pathway. The absence of active IKK multisubunit complex would prevent degradation of IκB proteins, as the IκB proteins would not get phosphorylated by IKK. This would ultimately lead to non-release of NF-κB and its further translocation to the nucleus thus arresting its nefarious acts. Conclusively our results strongly suggest that withaferin A is a potent anticancer agent as ascertained by its potent NF-κB modulating capability. Moreover the present MD simulations made clear the dynamic structural stability of NEMO/IKKβ in complex with the drug WA, together with the inhibitory mechanism.
New 24-pulse diode rectifier systems for utility interface of high-power AC motor drives (1997)

This paper proposes two new passive 24-pulse diode rectifier systems for utility interface of pulsewidth modulated (PWM) AC motor drives. The first approach employs an extended delta transformer arrangement, which results in near equal leakage inductance in series with each diode rectifier bridge. This promotes equal current sharing and improved performance. A specially tapped interphase transformer is then introduced with two additional diodes to extend the conventional 12-pulse operation to 24-pulse operation from the input current point of view. The proposed system exhibits clean power characteristics with fifth, seventh, eleventh, thirteenth, seventeenth, and nineteenth harmonics eliminated from the utility line currents. The second scheme is a reduced voltampere approach employing autotransformers to obtain 24-pulse operation. The voltampere rating of the polyphase transformer in the second scheme is 0.23P/sub 0/ (PU). Detailed analysis and simulations verify the proposed concept, and experimental results from a 208-V 10-kVA rectifier system are provided.
Synergistic associations between hookworm and other helminth species in a rural community in Brazil (2006)

These results have implications for the epidemiology, immunology and control of multiple helminth infections. More research is needed to examine the rates of re-infection and immune responses after chemotherapy, and to what extent the effects of polyparasitism are altered by chemotherapy.
Speech and Swallowing Impairment After Treatment for Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer (2008)

This survey, based on patient perception, suggests that those who undergo radiotherapy associated with the surgical removal of a tumor, have late-stage tumors (III-IV), or have tumors located in the floor of the mouth should be informed of the greater risk of persistent severe speech and swallowing problems.