gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lung ultrasound in the ICU: from diagnostic instrument to respiratory monitoring tool. (2012)

Imaging has greatly contributed to the understanding of lung disease in the critically ill and currently serves as a tool to diagnose lung pathology, monitor its course, and guide clinical management. Lung ultrasound is a real-time imaging modality that is simple, non-invasive, potentially ubiquitous, and free of ionizing radiation. Its increasing popularity and supporting research data substantiate its role as an emerging technique for bedside chest imaging in critical care. Furthermore, the International Consensus Conference on Lung ultrasound (ICC-LUS) promoted by the World Interactive Network Focused on Critical UltraSound (WINFOCUS) recently standardized the nomenclature and technique for lung ultrasound, and provided recommendations supporting its use in clinical practice. While the utility of lung ultrasound in the emergency setting is unquestioned, its potential role in the more complex and resource-rich intensive care environment is still under investigation. The purpose of this paper was to describe current and potential uses of lung ultrasound in the specific setting of adult intensive care, with an emphasis on respiratory monitoring, and to provide a framework for the practical application of this tool at the bedside.
Secure UAV-to-Ground MIMO Communications: Joint Transceiver and Location Optimization (2022)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are foreseen to constitute promising airborne communication devices as a benefit of their superior channel quality. But UAV-to-ground (U2G) communications are vulnerable to eavesdropping. Hence, we conceive a sophisticated physical layer security solution for improving the secrecy rate of multi-antenna aided U2G systems. Explicitly, the secrecy rate of the U2G MIMO wiretap channels is derived by using random matrix theory. The resultant explicit expression is then applied in the joint optimization of the MIMO transceiver and the UAV location relying on an alternating optimization technique. Our numerical results show that the joint transceiver and location optimization conceived facilitates secure communications even in the challenging scenario, where the legitimate channel of confidential information is inferior to the eavesdropping channel.
Dynamin-related protein 1 inhibition reduces hepatic PCSK9 secretion (2021)

We propose a novel tethering function of DRP1 beyond its established fission function, with DRP1-mediated ER remodeling likely contributing to ER constriction of mitochondria that drives mitochondrial fission. We report that DRP1-driven remodeling of select ER micro-domains may critically regulate hepatic proteostasis and identify mdivi-1 as a novel small molecule PCSK9 inhibitor.
Light-mediated regulation defines a minimal promoter region of TOP2 (2003)

Light signaling has been demonstrated to be an important factor for plant growth and development; however, its role in the regulation of DNA replication and cell cycle has just started to be unraveled. In this work, we have demonstrated that the TOP2 promoter of Pisum sativum (pea) is activated by a broad spectrum of light including far-red light (FR), red light (RL) and blue light (BL). Deletion analyses of the TOP2 promoter in transformed plants, Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tobaccum (tobacco), define a minimal promoter region that is induced by RL, FR and BL, and is essential and sufficient for light-mediated activation. The minimal promoter of TOP2 follows the phytochrome- mediated low-fluence response similar to complex light regulated promoters. DNA-protein interaction studies reveal the presence of a DNA binding activity specific to a 106 bp region of the minimal promoter that is crucial for light-mediated activation. These results altogether indicate a direct involvement of light signaling in the regulation of expression of TOP2, one of the components of the DNA replication/cell cycle machinery.
[Immunosuppression with cyclosporin induces clinical remission and improved beta cell function in patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes. A national and international multicenter study]. (1990)

A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled international multicenter trial including 188 newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients was undertaken with the aim of investigating whether immunosuppression for one year with ciklosporin (Cs) could induce and maintain clinical remission and improvement of beta-cell function. The relative odds for non-insulin-requiring remission at one year were increased approximately five times in the Cs-treated group. After three months Cs-treated patients achieved more than a doubling of beta-cell function compared to baseline than did placebo-treated patients, and the Cs-treated group maintained this improvement in beta-cell function for 12 months, whereas the placebo-group lost beta-cell function during the same period. Short duration of disease (less than or equal to six weeks of symptoms, less than or equal to two weeks of insulin treatment) was associated positively with remission, as was an elevated proinsulin/C-peptide ratio, especially in patients with the tissue-type HLA-DR 3,4; 4,X and X,X. Cs-treatment inhibited the formation of antibodies against insulin and islet cell components, but islet cell antibody status at entry was not predictive of remission. Cs-treatment caused a reversible decrement of kidney function as measured with serum creatinine and the calculated creatinine clearance, but studies of renal physiology and kidney biopsies performed on a limited subset of patients indicated that Cs treatment in IDDM patients for one year induced a slight chronic nephropathy in some of these.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Consents for existing dam owners - lower Turitea Dam (1997)

Refurbishment of the lower Turitea Dam demonstrated procedures for obtaining consents for existing dam owners. Environmental change was small, allowing a simple consent process. Affected parties were consulted and involved in a consultation process which allowed them to feel part of the process. Subsequent building consents followed as a matter of course. Provisions of the Health and Safety in Employment Act influenced construction procedures. The raised dam was completed without major incident.
β‐Lactams, Their Polymerization and Use as Raw Materials for Fibers (1962)

Abstract β‐Lactams can be prepared by cyclization of β‐aimno acid esters. Recently they have become available also from olefins by addition of N‐carbonysulfamyl chloride (isocyanatosulfonyl chloride) and from aldehydes by reaction with N‐carbonylsulfamyl chloride and ketene. Condensative or anionic polymerization results in polyamides the chains of which contain many more amide groups than the chains of polyamides of the nylon‐6 type. Hence the new polymers resemble silk moreclosely. Fibers and films can be prepared from solution.
Conjugate addition of methyl groups of αβ-unsaturated aldehydes: use of Me5Cu3Li2 (1981)

Me5Cu3Li2 converts αβ-unsaturated aldehydes efficiently into β-methyl aldehydes and, unlike Me2CuLi, it usually gives a negligible amount of the 1,2-adduct even when a quaternary carbon is generated in the reaction.
How to nudge in Situ (2011)

There are a number of mobile shopping aids and recommender systems available, but none can be easily used for a weekly shop at a local supermarket. We present a minimal, mobile and fully functional lambent display that clips onto any shopping trolley handle, intended to nudge people when choosing what to buy. It provides salient information about the food miles for various scanned food items represented by varying lengths of lit LEDs on the handle and a changing emoticon comparing the average miles of all the products in the trolley against a social norm. When evaluated in situ, the lambent handle display nudged people to choose products with fewer food miles than the items they selected using their ordinary shopping strategies. People also felt guilty when the average mileage of the contents of their entire shopping trolley was above the social norm. The findings are discussed in terms of how to provide different kinds of product information that people care about, using simple lambent displays.
Improving performance of similarity-based clustering by feature weight learning (2002)

Similarity-based clustering is a simple but powerful technique which usually results in a clustering graph for a partitioning of threshold values in the unit interval. The guiding principle of similarity-based clustering is "similar objects are grouped in the same cluster." To judge whether two objects are similar, a similarity measure must be given in advance. The similarity measure presented in the paper is determined in terms of the weighted distance between the features of the objects. Thus, the clustering graph and its performance (which is described by several evaluation indices defined in the paper) will depend on the feature weights. The paper shows that, by using gradient descent technique to learn the feature weights, the clustering performance can be significantly improved. It is also shown that our method helps to reduce the uncertainty (fuzziness and nonspecificity) of the similarity matrix. This enhances the quality of the similarity-based decision making.
PARP‐1 regulates DNA repair factor availability (2018)

PARP-1 holds major functions on chromatin, DNA damage repair and transcriptional regulation, both of which are relevant in the context of cancer. Here, unbiased transcriptional profiling revealed the downstream transcriptional profile of PARP-1 enzymatic activity. Further investigation of the PARP-1-regulated transcriptome and secondary strategies for assessing PARP-1 activity in patient tissues revealed that PARP-1 activity was unexpectedly enriched as a function of disease progression and was associated with poor outcome independent of DNA double-strand breaks, suggesting that enhanced PARP-1 activity may promote aggressive phenotypes. Mechanistic investigation revealed that active PARP-1 served to enhance E2F1 transcription factor activity, and specifically promoted E2F1-mediated induction of DNA repair factors involved in homologous recombination (HR). Conversely, PARP-1 inhibition reduced HR factor availability and thus acted to induce or enhance "BRCA-ness". These observations bring new understanding of PARP-1 function in cancer and have significant ramifications on predicting PARP-1 inhibitor function in the clinical setting.
The Composition and Behavior of Capsules around Smooth and Textured Breast Implants in Pigs (2006)

The greater incidence of capsular contracture in smooth implants was correlated with the progressive increase in total capsule thickness, due to a higher concentration of collagenous fibers, when compared with textured implants (p = 0.011; mean difference, 6.61), and a higher concentration of thick fibers (p = 0.034; average, >5.51 percentage points per field of thick fibers than the textured implants in all periods). Pigs are good animal models for studying the healing process after breast augmentation with implants.
Stabilisation des systèmes commandés par réseau: une approche prédictive (2007)

International audience
Liquid Microlens Enabling Tunable Focus and Tilt for Resolution Enhancement of 3D Image (2019)

To realize three dimensional image resolution enhancement, focus tuning and beam angle tilting via use of electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) liquid microlens has been reported in this paper. The lens comprises four control electrodes on a glass substrate, two spherical liquid lenses with different refractive indices, and an encapsulation polymer. Focus tuning can realized via lateral shift of the inner lens and change in refractive curvature of the liquid lens. As observed, focus tuning over distances in the range of 9.3-29.3 mm can be realized. Correspondingly, tuning range of tilt angle was observed to be of the order of ± 2.13°.
Leak Diagnosis in the Evaporative Emissions Control System Using Statistical Methods (2019)

Uncontrolled evaporative emissions contribute to air pollution and can cause public health issues, Environment Protection Agency and California Air Resources Board have evaporative emission standards to prevent gasoline vapors from freely escaping into the atmosphere. The standards require that every gasoline-powered vehicle be equipped with an Evaporative Emissions Control (EVAP) system that captures fuel vapors, and the corresponding on-board diagnostics to warn drivers when a leak is present for light- and medium-duty passenger vehicles [EPA, 2014][CARB, 2008][SAE, 2010]. Accurate small leak detection in the EVAP system is a challenging problem because of limited measurement capabilities, a wide range of operating conditions, and limited computing power on board the vehicle. In this study, we do not concern ourselves with data storage and computation limitation, and explores the possibility of using supervised classification algorithms to diagnose incipient small leaks. We show that without any physics-based knowledge of the EVAP system, a simple binary classifier can detect leaks, regardless of size. In addition, preliminary results show that a more advanced detector can offer improved performance.
Learning Personalized Models for Facial Expression Analysis and Gesture Recognition (2016)

Facial expression and gesture recognition algorithms are key enabling technologies for human-computer interaction (HCI) systems. State of the art approaches for automatic detection of body movements and analyzing emotions from facial features heavily rely on advanced machine learning algorithms. Most of these methods are designed for the average user, but the assumption “one-size-fits-all” ignores diversity in cultural background, gender, ethnicity, and personal behavior, and limits their applicability in real-world scenarios. A possible solution is to build personalized interfaces, which practically implies learning person-specific classifiers and usually collecting a significant amount of labeled samples for each novel user. As data annotation is a tedious and time-consuming process, in this paper we present a framework for personalizing classification models which does not require labeled target data. Personalization is achieved by devising a novel transfer learning approach. Specifically, we propose a regression framework which exploits auxiliary (source) annotated data to learn the relation between person-specific sample distributions and parameters of the corresponding classifiers. Then, when considering a new target user, the classification model is computed by simply feeding the associated (unlabeled) sample distribution into the learned regression function. We evaluate the proposed approach in different applications: pain recognition and action unit detection using visual data and gestures classification using inertial measurements, demonstrating the generality of our method with respect to different input data types and basic classifiers. We also show the advantages of our approach in terms of accuracy and computational time both with respect to user-independent approaches and to previous personalization techniques.
Super-Resolution Remote Imaging Using Time Encoded Remote Apertures (2020)

Imaging of scenes using light or other wave phenomena is subject to the diffraction limit. The spatial profile of a wave propagating between a scene and the imaging system is distorted by diffraction resulting in a loss of resolution that is proportional with traveled distance. We show here that it is possible to reconstruct sparse scenes from the temporal profile of the wave-front using only one spatial pixel or a spatial average. The temporal profile of the wave is not affected by diffraction yielding an imaging method that can in theory achieve wavelength scale resolution independent of distance from the scene.
Do standard monitoring sites affect true brain temperature when hyperthermia is rapidly induced and reversed. (1999)

In normal dogs and monkeys, rectal, esophageal and nasopharyngeal temperatures are almost identical with brain temperatures; but during rapid external warming or cooling, brain temperature is reflected in nasopharyngeal temperature, somewhat in higher esophageal temperature, but not in even higher rectal temperature. For clinical monitoring during temperature changes, one should use primarily esophageal temperature and, if feasible, brain (epidural) temperature as well.
Homozygous P86S Mutation of the Human Glucagon Receptor Is Associated With Hyperglucagonemia, α Cell Hyperplasia, and Islet Cell Tumor (2009)

We hereby report the first homozygous missense mutation in the human GCGR, which is associated with alpha cell hyperplasia and hyperglucagonemia. This mutation lowers the receptor's affinity to glucagon and decreases cyclic adenosine monophosphate production with physiological concentrations of glucagon. Thus, the P86S mutation in GCGR likely causes alpha cell hyperplasia and hyperglucagonemia.
Inverse-Based reconstruction of internal solid-liquid phase boundaries and associated solid phase temperature fields (1996)

This paper describes an inverse technique for imaging multi-dimensional optically opaque phase change boundaries and associated near-melt solid phase temperature fields. The algorithm confines calculations to the solid region immediately surrounding the melt interface, uses a coarse, spatially limited finite element mesh, and is capable of determining phase boundaries in nonlinear, heterogeneous, anisotropic materials. Upwind differencing is introduced to circumvent instabilities associated with large grid Peclet numbers while first order regularization is used to enhance solution stability. Since all a priori unknown boundary heat fluxes are determined by the inverse procedure and ad hoc assumptions are eliminated, the technique is non-problem-specific and portable. Algorithm performance is examined using a simple analog welding experiment. In cases where the fusion boundary is known and fixed in the inverse code, and for initial heat flux guesses that differ by up to four orders of magnitude from the characteristic flux magnitude, average relative error between predicted and actual solid temperature distributions is approximately 7.4%. In the more general case where the interior melt shape is unknown, and over a wide range of initial parameter specifications, average relative error between predicted and actual interior boundaries is less than 3% while corresponding average relative temperature error is less than 8%.
Abstract IA04: The Targeting of CDK4/6: Have we gone full circle? (2016)

Abstract Cyclin Dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) is a critical kinase that regulates the G1/S phase transition within the cell cycle. There has been a major effort to develop drugs that inhibit this kinase. The first CDK4 inhibitor to be approved is Palbociclib. It is approved in combination with letrozole for the treatment of postmenopausal women with metastatic estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer as initial endocrine-based therapy. In this study Palbociclib (Palbo) improved median progression free survival (mPFS) from 10.2 months with letrozole alone to 20.2 months with Palbo in the combination therapy [Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.488 (95% CI 0.319, 0.748)]. Response rates were 55.4% with the combination and 39.4% with letrozole alone. Palbo has been tested in other disease including dedifferentiated and well-differentiated liposarcoma where CDK4 is amplified. In this disease Palbo has been reported to increase the PFS at 12 weeks to 66% surpassing the primary end of 40% in patients who had progressed on at least one primary regimen. The major toxicity is neutropenia. Other CDK4 inhibitors are in clinical trial, including LEE001 (Novartis) and LY2835219 (Eli Lilly). These agents exhibit a somewhat different toxicity profile with neutropenia and QTc prolongation with LEE001 and gastrointestinal toxicity with LY2835219. Recently, CDK4 inhibition has been shown to induce either a reversible cell cycle arrest or an irreversible senescent state. The proteolytic turnover of MDM2 appears to be critical for cellular senescence induced by CDK4 inhibition in liposarcoma, breast, lung and glioma cell lines. MDM2 turnover depends on its E3 ligase activity and expression of ATRX. In a small series of liposarcoma patients treated with Palbo the suppression of MDM2 expression correlated with improved clinical outcome suggesting that loss of MDM2 by inhibition of CDK4 could be a predictive biomarker for improved clinical outcome with this class of drugs. Citation Format: Gary K. Schwartz. The Targeting of CDK4/6: Have we gone full circle? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Cancer Cell Cycle - Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response; Feb 28-Mar 2, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(11_Suppl):Abstract nr IA04.
Fast and Robust Parallel SGD Matrix Factorization (2015)

Matrix factorization is one of the fundamental techniques for analyzing latent relationship between two entities. Especially, it is used for recommendation for its high accuracy. Efficient parallel SGD matrix factorization algorithms have been developed for large matrices to speed up the convergence of factorization. However, most of them are designed for a shared-memory environment thus fail to factorize a large matrix that is too big to fit in memory, and their performances are also unreliable when the matrix is skewed.
Characterizing the metabolic phenotype of intestinal villus blunting in Zambian children with severe acute malnutrition and persistent diarrhea (2018)

Intestinal villus blunting is associated with several metabolic perturbations in hospitalized children with severe undernutrition. Such alterations include altered muscle metabolism, reinforcing the link between EED and growth faltering, and a disruption in the biochemical exchange between the gut microbiota and host. These findings extend our understanding on the downstream consequences of villus blunting and provide novel non-invasive biomarkers of enteropathy dysfunction. The major limitations of this study are the lack of comparative control group and gut microbiota characterization.
Extended character defect model for recognition of text from maps (2010)

Topographic maps contain a small amount of text compared to other forms of printed documents. Furthermore, the text and graphical components typically intersect with one another thus making the extraction of text a very difficult task. Creating training sets with a suitable size from the actual characters in maps would therefore require the laborious processing of many maps with similar features and the manual extraction of character samples. This paper extends the types of defects represented by Baird's document image degradation model in order to create pseudo randomly generated training sets that closely mimic the various artifacts and defects encountered in characters extracted from maps. Two Hidden Markov Models are then trained and used to recognize the text. Tests performed on extracted street labels show an improvement in performance from 88.4% when only the original Baird's model is used to a character recognition rate of 93.2% when the extended defect model is used for training.
Self-commissioning algorithm for matrix converter, nonlinearity compensation (2015)

Matrix converter nonlinear errors due to voltage drop and commutation delay introduce a distortion between voltage reference signals and output phase voltages. In current controlled applications, the current regulators are capable of compensating for such voltage command error. However, where output voltage estimation is required such as in state observers used for sensorless control of ac drives, the converter error reduces the accuracy of the voltage estimate, especially at low speeds. This work proposes a simple and accurate technique for the identification of converter parameters before the drive startup. Based on the identified parameters, the nonlinearities are compensated. The feasibility and effectiveness of the presented method is shown in simulation. Experimental results are also reported.