gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Massive parallel computing: a solution of today's and tomorrow's device and process simulation problems? (2003)

The authors examine approaches to process and device simulation based on parallel architectures and consider the suitability of massively parallel computers for this task. Particular attention is given to three-dimensional device simulation and three-dimensional simulation through Monte Carlo techniques. Preliminary computational experience shows that the large parallelism offered by these machines can be effectively exploited for device and process simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Antifatigue Activity and Exercise Performance of Phenolic-Rich Extracts from Calendula officinalis, Ribes nigrum, and Vaccinium myrtillus (2019)

<i>Calendula officinalis</i>, <i>Ribes nigrum</i>, and <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i> (CRV) possess a high phenolic compound content with excellent antioxidant activity. Dietary antioxidants can reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress. Consumption of large amounts of phenolic compounds is positively correlated with reduction in exercise-induced muscle damage. Research for natural products to improve exercise capacity, relieve fatigue, and accelerate fatigue alleviation is ongoing. Here, CRV containing a large total phenolic content (13.4 mg/g of CRV) demonstrated antioxidant activity. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quantification revealed 1.95 ± 0.02 mg of salidroside in 1 g of CRV. In the current study, CRV were administered to mice for five weeks, and the antifatigue effect of CRV was evaluated using the forelimb grip strength test; weight-loaded swimming test; and measurement of fatigue-related biochemical indicators, such as blood lactate, ammonia, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK) activity; and muscle and liver glycogen content. The results indicated that in CRV-treated mice, the forelimb grip strength significantly increased; weight-loaded swimming time prolonged; their lactate, ammonia, BUN, and CK activity decreased, and muscle and liver glucose and glycogen content increased compared with the vehicle group. Thus, CRV have antifatigue activity and can increase exercise tolerance.
In Vivo Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Rat Uterus by 17β-Estradiol (1991)

During pregnancy, elevated levels of PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) persist in the myometrium of the rat uterus. Near term, intrauterine occupancy is correlated with high levels of PTHrP messenger RNA in the gravid horn of the unilaterally pregnant uterus. In nongravid tissue from these same animals the presence of smaller yet significant elevations of PTHrP mRNA suggests that the PTHrP gene also may be regulated by humoral factor(s). To test this hypothesis, we assessed the action of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on the expression of the PTHrP gene in the uterus of the ovariectomized rat. While low levels of PTHrP mRNA are detected in uteri from ovariectomized rats, a single dose of E2 (4, 40, or 400 micrograms/kg body weight) stimulated a 6- to 8-fold increase in the levels of PTHrP mRNA in the uterus at approximately 2 h after E2 treatment. This increase was transient with levels gradually declining to pretreatment (basal) levels within 24 h. Other steroid hormones tested, including dihydrotestosterone, dexamethasone, and progesterone, failed to stimulate this response. The increase of PTHrP mRNA accumulation required a dose greater than 0.4 micrograms/kg. The magnitude and duration of PTHrP mRNA accumulation were very similar when doses of 40 or 400 micrograms/kg were used. In addition, the stimulation of the PTHrP gene by E2 is neither age dependent nor specific to the rat and is, in part, under transcriptional control. Together, these data indicate that in vivo E2 regulates the levels of PTHrP mRNA in the rat uterus and support a role for E2 in the increased expression of PTHrP mRNA in early gestational tissue, as well as in the nongravid horn of the unilaterally pregnant uterus.
Analyzing Symbol and Bit Plane-Based LDPC in Distributed Video Coding (2007)

Many distributed video coders are implemented using sophisticated error correction codes that use soft information (conditional probabilities) as a priori knowledge. This a priori information models the dependency behavior between the input data and side-information. In this paper we analyze both a symbol and bit plane-based approach using LDPC codes. We show both theoretically and experimentally that a bit plane-based encoder has the same performance as a symbol-based coder, if an appropriate dependency model is chosen. We argue that due to a significant complexity reduction a bit plane-based coder is preferable over a symbol-based approach.
Diverse Brain Myeloid Expression Profiles Reveal Distinct Microglial Activation States and Aspects of Alzheimer’s Disease Not Evident in Mouse Models (2018)

Microglia, the CNS-resident immune cells, play important roles in disease, but the spectrum of their possible activation states is not well understood. We derived co-regulated gene modules from transcriptional profiles of CNS myeloid cells of diverse mouse models, including new tauopathy model datasets. Using these modules to interpret single-cell data from an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model, we identified microglial subsets-distinct from previously reported "disease-associated microglia"-expressing interferon-related or proliferation modules. We then analyzed whole-tissue RNA profiles from human neurodegenerative diseases, including a new AD dataset. Correcting for altered cellular composition of AD tissue, we observed elevated expression of the neurodegeneration-related modules, but also modules not implicated using expression profiles from mouse models alone. We provide a searchable, interactive database for exploring gene expression in all these datasets (http://research-pub.gene.com/BrainMyeloidLandscape). Understanding the dimensions of CNS myeloid cell activation in human disease may reveal opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Algorithms for a fast confocal optical inspection system (2003)

Confocal imaging is an emerging technique for the measurement of surface topography in inspection. The authors present a system designed for fast acquisition and processing of confocal images, which consists of an optical front end using tilted confocal scanning, and an image processing module. The function of the image processing module is to improve signal resolution, perform smoothing and detect surfaces in the incoming signal. The input signal is first deconvolved in order to improve the depth resolution, and then processed to identify significant peaks. These peaks represent the position of different surfaces in the object being inspected. These peak locations are smoothed using a cluster based smoothing scheme to combat noise. For semi-transparent materials, the authors system is capable of detecting up to two surfaces at a given location.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Thermal studies of blends of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) with poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPSS) and with poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPSE) (1995)

Abstract The miscibilities of poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPS/PPSS) and poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPS/PPSE) blends were invesigated in terms of shifts of glass transition temperatures T g of pure PPS, PPSS, a dn PPSE. The crystallization kinetics of PPS/PPSS blends was also studied as a function of molar composition. The PPS/PPSS and PPS/PPSE blends are respectively partially and fully miscible. PPSE shows a plasticizing effect on PPS as does PPS on PPSS, which necessarily improves te processibility in the respective systems. We can control T g and melting temperature T m of PPS by varying amounts of PPSE in blends. The melt crystallization temperature T mc of PPS/PPSE blends was higher than that of the PPSE homopolymer. Therefore, these blends require shorter cycle times in processing than pure PPSE. The overall rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends follows the Avrami equation with an exponent ≃2. The maximal rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends occurs at a temperatre higher by 10°C than that for PPS, while the crystallization half time t 1/2 is 4 times shorter. In the cold crystallization range, crystal growth rates increase and Avrami exponents decrease significantly as the temperature increases.
The SENSE trial: etravirine shows lower prevalence and severity of neuropsychiatric adverse events compared to efavirenz in treatment‐naïve patients (2010)

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK
S0540105 Vortex Ring Formed Behind a Free-Flight Butterfly and its Dynamic Behavior (2014)

A number of studies on the mechanism of butterfly flight have been carried out. Moreover, a number of resent studies have examined the flow field around insect wings. The present authors conducted a particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement around the flapping wings of Cynthia cardui and Idea leuconoe and investigated the vortex structure and dynamic behavior produced. However, these results are for a flow field under a fixed condition. The important for generating the aerodynamic forces required for flight. In the present study, we attempt to clarify the flow field around a butterfly in free flight by a stereo PIV measurement.
BarFi: Barometer-Aided Wi-Fi Floor Localization Using Crowdsourcing (2015)

As an important supporting technology, floor localization in multi-floor buildings plays significant roles in many indoor Location Based Service (LBS) applications such as the fire emergency response and the floor-based precise advertising. While the majority of Received-Signal-Strength (RSS)-fingerprint-based wireless indoor localization approaches suffer from the labor-intensive and time-consuming site-survey and the low localization accuracy, barometer-based floor localization is another promising direction due to the increasing availability of the barometer-sensor-equipped smartphones. This paper is the first indoor localization work that exploits the combination of Wi-Fi RSS and barometric pressure for accurate floor localization. Compared with an art-of-the-state algorithm, B-Loc, the highlight of the proposed Bar Fi approach is that it does not need all client smartphones but only low percentage of them equipped with barometer sensors. Using crowd sourcing, Bar Fi eliminates the need of war-driving of site-survey and prior knowledge about both the Wi-Fi infrastructure and the floor plans of buildings. The key novelty of Bar Fi is a two-phase clustering method proposed to train the RSS fingerprint floor map with the aid of barometer, which consists of a barometer-based hierarchical clustering phase and a Wi-Fi-based K-Means clustering phase. The real-world evaluation shows Bar Fi achieves satisfying performance that its accuracy reaches 96.3% when the proportion of smartphones equipped with barometer sensors is 12% out of the total.
Context-independent dynamic information for vowel identification (1988)

Previous studies have demonstrated that listeners can identify vowels spoken rapidly in stop consonant-vowel-stop consonant syllables even when vocalic nuclei of the acoustic signals are attenuated to silence, leaving only initial and final transitions. In this study, mixed consonant “silent-center” (MC) conditions were generated in which the initial and final transitions of syllables containing the same vowel but different stop consonants were interchanged, thus altering context-dependent formant trajectories. In one condition, silent intervals were appropriate for the original vowel and the final consonant; in a neutral duration MC condition, silent intervals were adjusted so that intrinsic vowel duration cues were eliminated. Identification errors in the MC condition (8%) were not significantly higher than for original silent-center syllables; the neutral duration MC condition produced somewhat more errors (15%), but identification was more accurate than for initial transitions (35% errors) or final transitions (52% errors) presented alone. These results suggest that some perceptually relevant aspects of dynamic information are context independent. Representations of formant trajectories presented in F1-F0/F3-F2 “space” demonstrate context-dependent and -independent aspects of dynamic information. [Work supported by NINCDS.]
Inflammatory and Fibrogenic Factors in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy Development (2020)

The identification of relevant biomarkers relies on an understanding of disease signaling pathways derived from basic science research. We discuss the extent to which those molecules identified as biomarkers and predictors of PVR relate to disease pathogenesis and could function as useful disease predictors. (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ number, UMIN000005604).
Knowledge in a distributed environment (1986)

The distributed nature of information in a distributed system is one of the major issues that protocols for cooperation and coordination between individual components in such a system must handle. Individual sites customarily have only partial knowledge about the general state of the system. Moreover, different information is available at the different sites of the system. Consequently, a central role of communication in such protocols is to inform particular sites about events that take place at other sites, and to transform the system's state of knowledge in a way that will guarantee the successful achievement of the goals of the protocol.
This thesis is an initial attempt to study the role of knowledge in distributed systems. We present a general framework for defining knowledge in a distributed system, and identify a variety of states of knowledge that groups of processors may have. These states of knowledge seem to capture basic aspects of coordinated actions in a distributed environment. This machinery is applied to the analysis of a number of problems: we generalize and extend the well-known coordinated attack problem, which deals with the effects of unreliable communcation on coordination in a distributed system; we analyze a generalized version of the cheating wives puzzle, obtaining insight into the subtle interaction between knowledge, communication and action, as well as an understanding of the subtle differences between broadcasting messages via different communication channels. Finally, we apply this machinery to the study of fault-tolerance in systems of unreliable processors, providing considerable insight into the Byzantine agreement problem, and obtaining improved protocols for Byzantine agreement and many related problems.
A novel, cremophor-free, polymeric nanoparticle paclitaxel (do/ndr/02) multicenter study in advanced/ metastatic breast cancer (2008)

1115 Background: Nanoparticle paclitaxel (NP), DO/NDR/02 is a cremophor-free polymer based formulation of paclitaxel, developed to alleviate the toxicities associated with cremophor component of conventional paclitaxel (CP). Methods: This phase II (N = 194), open label, randomized, three-arm study was conducted in anthracycline failed advanced recurrent/metastatic breast cancer patients. Estrogen/progesterone receptor positive patients were excluded. Sixty-four patients received CP as a 3-hour intravenous (i.v.) infusion at 175 mg/m2 along with standard premedication, 64 patients received a one-hour i.v. infusion of NP at 300 mg/m2 (NP-300) and 66 patients received 220 mg/m2 (NP-220), without premedication. Treatment was administered at three-week intervals for 6 cycles. Efficacy was assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) and adverse events were graded as per National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (NCICTC) version 3. Results: Demographic data revealed that the disease burden with respect to the number of metastatic sites, presence of liver metastasis and raised tumour marker (CA 15.3) levels was higher in the NP-300 arm as compared to NP-220 and CP-175 arms. Other demographic characteristics were comparable in the three arms. Efficacy analysis revealed 40% objective response rate (ORR) each with NP-300 and NP-220, while CP had an ORR of 32.3%. Stable disease was 32.7% and 29.0% for NP-300 and NP-220, respectively; and 27.3% for CP. Progressive disease for NP-300 was 27.3% and NP-220 was 32.7% compared to 38.7% with CP. Hypersensitivity was not observed with NP inspite of absence of premedication. Incidence of neutropenia was 56.3% and 39.4% with NP-300 and NP-220, respectively; and 50% with CP. Grade 4 neutropenia was 21.8%, 12.1% and 14% with NP-300, NP-220 and CP, respectively. There was no grade 4 neuropathy. Grade 3 sensory neuropathy was observed in 12.5% and 1.5% patients with NP-300 and NP-220, respectively and 6.3% with CP. Conclusions: Nanoparticle paclitaxel (DO/NDR/02) can be safely administered as one-hour i.v. infusion without any premedication. Although, this study was not designed as powered study, but the novel formulation has shown improved efficacy and safety. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Dabur Research Foundation Dabur Research Foundation Dabur Research Foundation
Factors That Affect Patient Attrition in Buprenorphine Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: A Retrospective Real-World Study Using Electronic Health Records (2021)

Of all the OUD patients who began BUP, 50-75% left treatment within three months, and most could be accurately identified. This could facilitate patient-centered management to better retain OUD patients in BUP treatment.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Combined AURKA and H3K9 Methyltransferase Targeting Inhibits Cell Growth By Inducing Mitotic Catastrophe (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Additional data on clonogenic cell survival assay, cell viability, apoptosis, quantification of mitotic catastrophe and global decrease of H3K9me3 upon combination treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
An Integrated Silicon Based Wall Pressure-Shear Stress Sensor for Measurements in Turbulent Flows (1996)

Abstract An integrated silicon pressure-shear stress sensor has been designed, fabricated and tested in a turbulent wall-boundary layer . The piezoresistive pressure sensor is based on polysilicon diaphragm technology and the thermal shear stress sensor on the gas cooling of a polyimide insulated heated chip. The pressure sensor diaphragm area is 100 × 100 μm, the top-area of the shear stress sensor hot chip is 300 × 60 μm and the edge-to-edge distance between the two areas is 100 μm. The measured steady-state power dissipation of the shear stress sensor in a turbulent wall-boundary layer at an over-temperature of 100°C was P = 42 + 1.1τ00.50 mW where τ0 is the time-average wall shear stress. The new integrated sensor has been applied for the simultaneous measurement of fluctuating pressure and shear stress in a flat plate boundary layer at a Reynolds number range of 4.9 × 103 &amp;lt; Reθ &amp;lt; 1.0 × 104. Pressure-shear stress correlation coefficients were found between 0.40 and 0.50 for the parallel, and between 0.20 and 0.25 for the perpendicular configuration to the mean flow.
Functional assays for the assessment of the pathogenicity of variants in GOSR2, an ER-to-Golgi SNARE involved in progressive myoclonus epilepsies (2017)

Progressive myoclonus epilepsies (PMEs) are inherited disorders characterized by myoclonus, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and ataxia. One of the genes that is associated with PME is the ER-to-Golgi Q<sub>b</sub>-SNARE GOSR2, which forms a SNARE complex with syntaxin-5, Bet1 and Sec22b. Most PME patients are homo-zygous for a p.Gly144Trp mutation and develop similar clinical presentations. Recently, a patient who was compound heterozygous for p.Gly144Trp and a previously unseen p.Lys164del mutation was identified. Because this patient presented with a milder disease phenotype, we hypothesized that the p.Lys164del mutation may be less severe compared to p.Gly144Trp. To characterize the effect of the p.Gly144Trp and p.Lys164del mutations, both of which are present in the SNARE motif of GOSR2, we examined the corresponding mutations in the yeast ortholog Bos1. Yeasts expressing the orthologous mutants in Bos1 showed impaired growth, suggesting a partial loss of function, which was more severe for the Bos1 p.Gly176Trp mutation. Using anisotropy and gel filtration, we report that Bos1 p.Gly176Trp and p.Arg196del are capable of complex formation, but with partly reduced activity. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that the hydrophobic core, which triggers SNARE complex formation, is compromised due to the glycine-to-tryptophan substitution in both GOSR2 and Bos1. In contrast, the deletion of residue p.Lys164 (or p.Arg196del in Bos1) interferes with the formation of hydrogen bonds between GOSR2 and syntaxin-5. Despite these perturbations, all SNARE complexes stayed intact during longer simulations. Thus, our data suggest that the milder course of disease in compound heterozygous PME is due to less severe impairment of the SNARE function.
Human small airway-on-a-chip: A novel microphysiological system to model lung inflammation, accelerate drug development and enable inhalational toxico-analysis (2016)

Development of new therapeutics for lung inflammatory and infectious diseases, and advancement in our understanding of inhalational toxico-pathology have been hindered by challenges to study organ-level complexities of human lung <i>in vitro</i>. Here, we applied a microengineering technological approach known as 9organ-on-chip9 to create a human lung small airway-on-a-chip that supports full differentiation of a pseudostratified mucociliary bronchiolar epithelium from normal or diseased donors underlined by a functional microvascular endothelium. Small airway chips lined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) epithelia recapitulated features of the disease including selective cytokine hypersecretion, increased neutrophil recruitment, and clinical exacerbations by exposure to pathogens. Using this robust <i>in vitro</i> method, it was possible to detect synergistic tissue-tissue communication, identify new biomarkers of disease exacerbation, and measure responses to anti-inflammatory compounds that inhibit cytokine-induced recruitment of circulating neutrophils. Importantly, by connecting the small airway chip to a custom-designed electromechanical instrument that 9breathes9 whole cigarette smoke in and out of the chip microchannels, we successfully recreated smoke-induced oxidative stress, identified new ciliary micropathologies, and discovered unique COPD-specific molecular signatures. Moreover, this platform revealed a subtle ciliary damage triggered by acute exposure to electronic cigarette. Thus, the human small airway-on-a-chip offers a powerful complement to animal models for studying human lung pathophysiology.