gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparing lung oscillometry with a novel, portable flow interrupter device to measure lung mechanics (2021)

In the community setting, assessing spirometry in school-aged children is often limited by the unavailability of respirology technicians at the point-of-care. We developed a new technique called the Rapid Expiratory Occlusion Method (REOM) that measures respiratory resistance during normal breathing, without specialized training. The aim was to examine the concordance between respiratory resistance measured with the REOM and respiratory resistance measured by oscillometry on the tremoflo. Children aged 6-17 yr, with or without asthma, received respiratory resistance testing on the tremoflo, then on the REOM. Three to five replicates with a coefficient of variation ≤15% were obtained on each instrument; the primary outcome was the concordance between the average respiratory resistance on the REOM and that measured at 5 Hz (R<sub>5</sub>) on the tremoflo. Thirty-two children (11 girls; 21 boys) were enrolled with a mean age of 11.2 (range 6-17) yr; after excluding two children not meeting reproducibility criteria, 9 healthy controls, 15 controlled asthmatics, and 6 poorly controlled asthmatics were included. Resistance measured on the REOM showed a strong correlation with R<sub>5</sub> measured on the tremoflo (<i>P</i> < 0.0001) with no significant differences on the Bland-Altman analyses. Children and their parents found the REOM easy to use and would consider for home use if recommended by their doctor. With the high concordance between resistance values measured on the REOM and that on the tremoflo combined with perceived ease of use, the REOM appears as a promising means for measuring lung function, thus supporting further testing of other psychometric properties.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We have developed a novel version of the interrupter technique to measure respiratory resistance. The Rapid Expiratory Occlusion Method (REOM) is a small handheld device that measures respiratory resistance and demonstrates excellent correlation with airway oscillometry. With its ease of use, REOM may be promising for use in community practice, patient's homes, and, if paired with a telemedicine application, could enable the healthcare provider to monitor patients in their homes.
Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Renal Failure in Rats as a Model for Evaluating Cell Therapies (2012)

Chronic renal failure is a devastating disease that leads to a multitude of complications. Cell therapy has emerged as a potential treatment modality for renal failure. However, efficacy testing on systemic renal function has been challenging due to the limited availability of reliable models that are fully characterized. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury as a viable model for testing cell therapies. We examined functional and pathological changes in rat kidneys that were exposed to different ischemia times. Male Lewis rats were divided into five groups. Renal failure was induced by clamping both renal pedicles for combinations of 60, 75, and 90 min, followed by reperfusion. Age-matched healthy rats served as controls. Blood was collected at regular intervals for serum chemistry, and kidneys were harvested at the same intervals for histomorphological assessment. Serum creatinine levels of the animals with I/R injury increased significantly after 3 days and returned to normal levels at 4 weeks. Histologically, kidney tissue showed progressive glomerular and tubular deterioration with varying degrees of fibrosis. Animals exposed to 75- and 90-min ischemia combination times consistently generated more severe injury than the 60-min ischemia period. However, these groups resulted in a high mortality rate. A model in which one kidney is exposed to a shorter ischemia time (60 or 90 min) resulted in sustained renal damage with a lower mortality rate. This study shows that kidneys exposed to I/R result in renal tissue damage as well as decreased renal function. This model can be used to study both the short-term and longer-term effects of kidney disease by varying the length of the ischemic time. In particular, the use of longer ischemic times (75 and 90 min) could be used to study new therapies for acute renal disease, whereas shorter ischemic times (60 min) could be used to study therapies for chronic renal insufficiency.
Discrete dinuclear and polymeric copper(I) cations bridged by 4,4′-bipyridine, trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene or bis(4-pyridyl) disulfide (1996)

Treatment of an acetonitrile solution of copper(I) tetrafluoroborate and 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bipy) with 2-cyanoguanidine (cnge) yielded [{Cu(cnge)2}2(µ-4,4′-bipy)][BF4]2·MeCN 1. Structural analysis revealed a planar dinuclear cation containing two, three-co-ordinate T-shaped copper centres bridged by 4,4′-bipy and terminally co-ordinated by two cnge molecules. In the absence of cnge but with an excess of copper(I), the product was [Cu(4,4′-bipy)(MeCN)2]BF42, structural analysis of which revealed a one-dimensional polymeric cationic zigzag chain, based on tetrahedral copper(I) atoms bridged by 4,4′-bipy and terminally co-ordinated by two MeCN molecules. The same reaction mixture but with an excess of 4,4′-bipy gave [Cu(4,4′-bipy)2]BF4·MeCN 3. The corresponding trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (bpe) systems yielded the analogous [{Cu(cnge)2}2(µ-bpe)][BF4]2·6MeCN 4, [Cu(bpe)(MeCN)2]BF45 and [Cu(bpe)2]BF46, respectively. Only one product has been isolated from the corresponding bis(4-pyridyl) disulfide (bpds) systems, [Cu(bpds)(MeCN)2]BF47. Attempts to produce copper(I) derivatives of 3,6-bis(imidazolyl)pyridazine (bimpydz) were unsuccessful, the copper(II) product, Cu(bimpydz)(MeCN)2(BF4)28, invariably being formed. Whereas the [{Cu(cnge)2}2(diimine)]2+ and [Cu(diimine)(MeCN)2]+ cations reacted with NOBF4 and NBut4NO2 forming copper(II) oxidation products, the [Cu(diimine)2]+ cations were unreactive.
Fatigue Property and Design Criterion of Cast Steel for Railway Bogie Frames (2019)

The fatigue design criterion for members of cast steel is not specified in the design standard of railway bogie frames in Japan. The objectives of the present study involve clarifying the fatigue property of cast steel used in railway bogie frames and proposing a fatigue design criterion for members of cast steel. Fatigue tests are conducted on test specimens with casting or machined surfaces under axial loading or plane bending. The results indicate that the fatigue strength of specimens with casting surfaces exceeds that of specimens with machined surfaces. The fatigue strength under plane bending significantly exceeds that under axial loading. The results are attributed to differences in the locations and geometries of cast defects where cracks originate. A fatigue design criterion for members of cast steel is proposed by the statistical evaluation of fatigue data. Furthermore, the validity of the proposed criterion is demonstrated via a full-scale fatigue test of bogie frames with members of cast steel.
A Universal Performance Measure (2002)

We propose and examine a new performance measure in the spirit of the downside, lower partial moment and gain-loss literatures. We indicate how this may be applied across a broad range of problems in financial analysis. The performance measure captures all of the higher moments of the returns distribution. The performance measure is applied to a range of hedge fund style or strategy indices.
Powertrace-based Fuzzing of CAN Connected Hardware (2022)

Modern cyber-physical systems require a thorough security evaluation before they are exposed to the public. Fuzzing is a conventional security analysis technique typically employed to discover vulnerabilities in software programs. Applying fuzzing to vehicle cyber-physical systems is difficult, as typical instrumentation techniques are infeasible in an embedded environment.We propose using powertrace monitoring as an additional feedback channel for fuzzing embedded systems. We construct a hardware-in-the-loop system for fuzzing Electronic Control Units connected to a CAN bus and monitoring their powertrace outputs to detect which messages yield a response from the target system. We demonstrate that this black-box approach can be used to detect responses to messages as small as five memory accesses with high probability (p < 0.01), proving its value for detecting hidden backdoors and undocumented functionality. These results apply even to cases where messages are handled outside of a triggered interrupt.
Acidic Shift of Optimum pH of Bovine Serum Amine Oxidase upon Immobilization onto Nanostructured Ferric Tannates (2022)

Protein-nanoparticle hybrids represent entities characterized by emerging biological properties that can significantly differ from those of the parent components. Herein, bovine serum amine oxidase (i.e., BSAO) was immobilized onto a magnetic nanomaterial constituted of surface active maghemite nanoparticles (i.e., SAMNs, the core), surface-modified with tannic acid (i.e., TA, the shell), to produce a biologically active ternary hybrid (i.e., SAMN@TA@BSAO). In comparison with the native enzyme, the secondary structure of the immobilized BSAO responded to pH variations sensitively, resulting in a shift of its optimum activity from pH 7.2 to 5.0. Conversely, the native enzyme structure was not influenced by pH and its activity was affected at pH 5.0, i.e., in correspondence with the best performances of SAMN@TA@BSAO. Thus, an extensive NMR study was dedicated to the structure-function relationship of native BSAO, confirming that its low activity below pH 6.0 was ascribable to minimal structural modifications not detected by circular dichroism. The generation of cytotoxic products, such as aldehydes and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, by the catalytic activity of SAMN@TA@BSAO on polyamine oxidation is envisaged as smart nanotherapy for tumor cells. The present study supports protein-nanoparticle conjugation as a key for the modulation of biological functions.
Lifecycle management of service-based applications on multi-clouds (2013)

In this paper we identify current challenges in the deployment of complex distributed applications on multiple Cloud providers and review the state of the art in model-driven Cloud software engineering. Challenges include lack of support for heterogeneous Cloud providers; limited matchmaking between application requirements and Cloud capabilities; lack of meaningful cross-platform Cloud resource descriptions; lack of lifecycle management of Cloud applications; inadequate cross-layer monitoring and adaptation based on event correlation; and others. In this paper we propose solutions to these challenges and highlight the expected benefits in the context of a complex distributed application.
Structures and Dynamics of Self-Assembled Surface Monolayers Observed by Ultrafast Electron Crystallography (2004)

In this communication, we report our first study of self-assembled adsorbates on metal surfaces. Specifically, we studied single-crystal clean surfaces of Au(111) with and without a monolayer of reaction involving the assembly of 2-mercaptoacetic acid from 2,2'-dithiodiacetic acid. We also studied monolayers of iron hemes. With ultrafast electron crystallography, we are able to observe and isolate structural dynamics of the substrate (gold) and adsorbate(s) following an ultrafast temperature jump.
Electroactive, Multi-Component Scaffolds for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration (2013)

After loss of skeletal muscle function due to traumatic injuries, muscle healing may result in scar tissue formation and reduced function. A restoration method is needed to create a bioartificial muscle that supports cell growth. An electroactive, coaxial electrospun scaffold was created using PCL, MWCNT, and a PAA/PVA hydrogel. This scaffold was conductive and displayed an actuation response when electrically stimulated. Rat primary skeletal muscle cells were biocompatible with the scaffold and displayed multi-nucleated constructs with actin interaction. MWCNT toxicity was tested using a single exposure method on rat primary skeletal muscle cells. A decrease in cellular activity was found on day 14, but a recovering trend was observed on days 21 and 28. Scaffolds were implanted in the quadriceps muscle of rats for in vivo biocompatibility investigation. Muscle cells were found to have attached and infiltrated the PCL-MWCNT-PAA/PVA scaffolds over the 28 day period. Further development of this scaffold would lead to a viable option for a bioartificial muscle as it is biocompatible and may provide some functional movement to the patient.
BASALT TUFA AS A BACTERICIDE FILLER FOR SOME PACKAGING MATERIALS (2018)

A dependence of the catalytic and antibacterial activity of some basalt tufa samples on their qualitative and quantitative composition, preliminary thermal and/or chemical treatment conditions were investigated. As seen from the chemical X-ray phase and atom adsorption analyses, the tufa is a highly siliceous (Si/Al mass ratio is about 4.7÷5.9) zeolite-like mineral with comparatively high content of iron (68÷74 g/kg), some bioelements (Мg, Ca, К, Na) and microelements (Ti, Mn, Zn, Сu). The positive (≡Si+)s and negative (≡SiО-)s surface active centers were determined by IR spectroscopy. These points ensure high catalytic and bactericide activity of the material. The influence of preliminary thermal and chemical treatment of basalt tufa on its bactericide activity against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was also investigated. Possible utilization of natural basalt tufa as an antibacterial filler for the packaging materials is discussed.
Arabidopsis Proteome and the Mass Spectral Assay Library (2019)

Abstract Arabidopsis is an important model organism and the first plant with its genome sequenced. Knowledge from studying this species has either direct or indirect applications to agriculture and human health. Quantitative proteomics by data-independent acquisition (SWATH/DIA-MS) was recently developed and considered as a high-throughput targetedlike approach for accurate proteome quantitation. In this approach, a high-quality and comprehensive library is a prerequisite. Here, we generated a protein expression atlas of 10 organs of Arabidopsis and created a library consisting of 15,514 protein groups, 187,265 unique peptide sequences, and 278,278 precursors. The identified protein groups correspond to ~56.5% of the predicted proteome. Further proteogenomics analysis identified 28 novel proteins. We subsequently applied DIA-mass spectrometry using this library to quantify the effect of abscisic acid on Arabidopsis. We were able to recover 8,793 protein groups with 1,787 of them being differentially expressed which includes 65 proteins known to respond to abscisic acid stress. Mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012710 for data-dependent acquisition and PXD014032 for DIA analyses.
Protocols and Hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Patients (2015)

Clinical protocols are highly prevalent in U.S. ICUs. The presence of a greater number of protocols was not associated with protocol compliance or patient mortality.
Somatosensory computation for man-machine interface from motion-capture data and musculoskeletal human model (2005)

We discuss the computation of somatosensory information from motion-capture data. The efficient computational algorithms previously developed by the authors for multibody systems, such as humanoid robots, are applied to a musculoskeletal model of the human body. The somatosensory information includes tension, length, and velocity of the muscles, tension of the tendons and ligaments, pressure of the cartilages, and stress of the bones. The inverse dynamics of the musculoskeletal human model is formulated as an optimization problem subject to equality and inequality conditions. We analyzed the solutions obtained by linear and quadratic programming methods, and showed that linear programming has better performance. The technological development aims to define a higher dimensional man-machine interface and to open the door to the cognitive-level communication of humans and machines.
IEEE Standard 802.11 Overview (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: IEEE 802.11 Architecture and Frame format IEEE 802.11 PHY Overview The IEEE 802.11 MAC Overview IEEE 802.11 Throughput IEEE 802.11 Frame Types A Queueing Model for PCF Performance ]]>
Identification of Tissue Optical Properties During Thermal Laser-Tissue Interactions: Approach and Preliminary Evaluation (2021)

In this paper, we propose a computational framework to estimate the physical tissue properties that govern the thermal response of laser-irradiated tissue. We focus in particular on two quantities, the absorption and scattering coefficients, which describe the optical absorption of light in the tissue and whose knowledge is vital to correctly plan medical laser treatments. To perform the estimation, we utilize an implementation of the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), a type of Bayesian filtering algorithm for data assimilation. Unlike prior approaches, in this work we estimate the tissue optical properties based on the observed surface thermal response to laser irradiation. This method has the potential for straightforward implementation in a clinical setup, as it would only require a simple thermal sensor, e.g., a miniaturized infrared camera. Because the optical properties of tissue can undergo shifts during laser exposure, we employ a variant of EnKF capable of tracking time-varying parameters. Through preliminary evaluation in simulation, we demonstrate the ability of the proposed technique to identify the tissue optical properties and track their dynamic changes during laser exposure, while simultaneously tracking changes in the tissue temperature at locations beneath the surface.
Analysis of mutational effects of a polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) polymerase on bacterial PHB accumulation using an in vivo assay system (2001)

Polymerase is a central enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a well-known bacterial biodegradable polyester. In this study, we have established an in vivo assay system to analyze mutational effects of Ralstonia eutropha polymerase (termed PhbC(Re)) on the level of PHB accumulation in recombinant strains of Escherichia coli. This in vitro evolution system consists of a polymerase chain reaction-mediated random mutagenesis and two assay procedures, a plate assay using a PHB-staining dye and a high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay based on the converting reaction from PHB to crotonic acid. The distribution pattern of the PHB accumulation level of the mutant population using 378 clones arbitrarily selected, suggested that the present level of PhbC(Re) is high and well-optimized. It is noteworthy that many of the amino acid substitutions affecting the PHB accumulation occurred in the conserved positions or regions within an 'alpha/beta hydrolase fold' which is commonly found among hydrolytic enzymes. From a good correlation with the level of PHB accumulation, an activity estimation of the PhbC(Re) would be efficiently achieved by monitoring the level of PHB accumulation using the in vivo assay system established here.
Reductions in the Diurnal Rigidity of Anxiety Predict Treatment Outcome in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2016)

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic and disabling disorder which is characterized by worrisome mentation about future outcomes. Because the evocative stimuli in GAD are largely internally derived, the feared outcomes contained in worry episodes can be invoked--and responded to--regardless of external context. We hypothesized that individuals with GAD would be entrained to internally-regulated, fixed patterns of anxiety on a day-to-day basis and that successful therapeutic intervention would serve to mitigate this entrainment. Thus, the present study examined the constructs of flexibility and rigidity as they apply to the daily fluctuation of anxious symptoms in individuals with GAD. We aimed to demonstrate that an apparently variable system can be conceptualized as rigid when the variability maps onto stable and predictable periodic oscillations. Sixty-nine individuals completed cognitive-behavioral treatment for GAD. Average age was 36.62 years (SD = 11.56), and participants were mostly Caucasian (89.5%) and female (68.4%). Daily-diary data indicating level of anxiety on a 0 to 100-point scale and collected four times per day were subjected to spectral analysis in order to determine the spectral power attributable to daily oscillations--which was related to the degree of rigidity in daily anxiety. Diurnal rigidity decreased throughout therapy and the degree to which rigidity was reduced significantly predicted reliable change at post-treatment. Thus, symptom rigidity can be conceptualized as stable periodic fluctuation and is discernible from other metrics of volatility in repeated measures data. Moreover, diurnal rigidity is significantly reduced during treatment, facilitating flexible responding to environmental demands.
Retroactive Packet Sampling for Traffic Receipts (2019)

Is it possible to design a packet-sampling algorithm that prevents the network node that performs the sampling from treating the sampled packets preferentially? We study this problem in the context of designing a "network-transparency" system. In this system, networks emit receipts for a small sample of the packets they observe, and a monitor collects these receipts to estimate each network's loss and delay performance. Sampling is a good building block for this system, because it enables a solution that is flexible and combines low resource cost with quantifiable accuracy. The challenge is cheating resistance: when a network's performance is assessed based on the conditions experienced by a small traffic sample, the network has a strong incentive to treat the sampled packets better than the rest. We contribute a sampling algorithm that is provably robust to such prioritization attacks, enables network performance estimation with quantifiable accuracy, and requires minimal resources. We confirm our analysis using real traffic traces.