gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A praeeclampsia két arca (2022)

During normal pregnancy, blood volume increases by nearly two liters. Distinctively, the absence and also the extreme extent regarding the volume expansion are likely accompanied with serious conditions. Undoubtedly, preeclampsia, defined as the appearance of hypertension and proteinuria during the second half of pregnancy, is not a homogenous disease. The early onset which begins prior to the 34th week, is characteristically a hypovolemia-associated form and depicts the placental origination, in which endothelial damage leads to hypertension and organ damage due to vasoconstriction and microthrombosis. Fetal blood supply progressively worsens due to placental insufficiency. The outcome of this condition often leads to fetal death, eclampsia, or placental abruption. Management is confined to a diligent prolongation of pregnancy to accomplish improved neonatal pulmonary function. The late onset form, associated with high cardiac output, is a maternal disease, in which obesity is a risk factor since it predisposes individuals to enhanced water retention, hypertension, and a weakened endothelial dysfunction. Initially, low extremity edema often times progresses to a generalized form and frequently results in hypertension. In several cases proteinuria appears. This condition entirely meets the preedampsia criteria. Fetal weight is normal or frequently over the average. It is very likely, the increasing parenchymal stasis will lead to ascites, eclampsia, or placental abruption. During the management of this hypervolemia-associated preedampsia, the administration of diuretic furosemide treatment seemingly offers promise.
<p>Dexamethasone/Netilmicin Eye Drops and Eye Gel for the Treatment of Ocular Inflammation After Micro-Incisional Vitreoretinal Surgery</p> (2020)

The combination dexa/net is safe and effective in the treatment of post-operative inflammation following sutureless MIVS. In particular, the use of eye gel formulation is characterized by a great tolerability.
CFD and kinetic methods for mass transfer determination in a mesh microreactor (2006)

Abstract The global gas‐liquid‐solid volumetric mass‐transfer coefficient K L a of a catalytic multiphase microstructured film contactor, featuring 5 μm dimensions, a 155 μm liquid film thickness, and a 15 μm thin catalytic layer is determined, using the very fast hydrogenation of α‐methylstyrene with a Pd/γ‐alumina catalyst. The volumetric mass‐transfer coefficients measured experimentally fall in the range 0.8 – 1.6 s −1 above that predicted by the film model and those obtained from a CFD (3‐D model) simulation, and from an analytical solution. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Cardiac autophagy deficiency attenuates ANP production and disrupts myocardial-adipose crosstalk leading to increased fat accumulation and metabolic dysfunction (2020)

Increased myocardial autophagy has been established as an important stress-induced cardioprotective response. Three weeks after generating cardiomyocyte-specific autophagy deficiency, via inducible deletion of autophagy related protein 7 (Atg7), we found these mice (AKO) increased body weight and fat mass without altered food intake. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests indicated reduced insulin sensitivity in AKO mice. Metabolic cage analysis showed reduced ambulatory activity and oxygen consumption with a trend of elevated respiratory exchange ratio in AKO mice. Direct analysis of metabolism in subcutaneous and visceral adipocytes showed increased glucose oxidation and reduced ATGL expression and HSL phosphorylation with no change in lipid synthesis or fatty acid oxidation. Importantly, we found AKO mice had reduced myocardial and circulating levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), an established mediator of myocardial-adipose crosstalk. When normal ANP levels were restored to AKO mice using osmotic pump, the metabolic dysfunction evident in AKO mice was corrected. We conclude that cardiac autophagy deficiency alters myocardial-adipose crosstalk via decreased ANP levels with adverse metabolic consequences.
Introduction (2014)

Despite its expanding population and booming economy, the United States had the smallest armed force of any major power prior to World War I, essentially an Indian constabulary. It is true that prewar reforms had federalized the National Guard, providing for a more ready and better-trained reserve, created a General Staff, and established an enhanced system of officer education that included the War College. This provided the framework for a modern military force, but the American public continued to associate universal military service and large and well-armed forces with militarism. With an authorized strength of only 3,820 officers and 84,799 men, the volunteer US Army consequently did not possess either the manpower or the modern weaponry to conduct a campaign in Europe, much less against a great power such as Germany, when the United States entered the war in April 1917.
ChemInform Abstract: THE INFLUENCE OF A TERT‐BUTYL GROUP ON THE CONFORMATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM AND THE HYDROGEN BROMIDE CATALYZED ISOMERIZATION OF 2‐BROMOCYCLOHEXANONES (1978)

Abstract Die trans und cis‐Diastereomeren (I) und (II) bzw. (III) und (IV) werden durch Oxidation der entsprechenden Bromhydrine mittels Jones‐Reagenz dargestellt und ihre HBr‐katalysierte Isomerisierung untersucht.
Paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer agents and their perspectives for application in magnetic resonance imaging (2020)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as very important tool in biomedical research and is an essential diagnostic method in clinical radiology today. Lately, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) has become a very attractive alternative to the classical MRI methodologies. CEST uses a unique operating mechanism to generate contrast and possesses great potential for functional imaging investigations, especially in combination with diamagnetic and paramagnetic (dia- and paraCEST, respectively) contrast agents. However, CEST is governed by a combination of several parameters that together influence the overall intensity of observed CEST effect. The understanding of the physics of CEST has advanced significantly to provide a reliable assessment on contribution of individual parameters important for generation of a CEST signal. Nevertheless, there seem to be a missing link between the above mentioned theory and its practical application, especially in the development of new probes. This review article provides background information on CEST and paraCEST, analyzing the importance of the main physical parameters, such as exchange rate, saturation power and time, or paramagnetic shift and relaxation times. We describe the different types of paramagnetic complexes based on lanthanide or transition metal ions, and discuss their properties in the context of potential CEST application.
Ultrasensitive airflow sensor prepared by electrostatic flocking for sound recognition and motion monitoring (2022)

Recently, airflow sensors have attracted great attention due to their unique characteristics. However, the preparation of high-performance airflow sensors <i>via</i> extraordinarily simple, controllable and cost-effective methods remains a great challenge. Herein, inspired by the fluff system of the spider, an ultrasensitive fluffy-like airflow sensor with carbon fibers (CFs) uniformly and firmly planted on the surface of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibrous substrate has been easily fabricated using electrostatic flocking technology. The fluffy-like structure endows the airflow sensor with superior properties including ultra-sensitivity, fast response time (0.103 s), low airflow velocity detection limit (0.068 m s<sup>-1</sup>), ultra-sensitive detection in a wide airflow range (0.068-16 m s<sup>-1</sup>), and multi-directional consistent response to airflow. This sensor can be used to accurately recognize sound waves and voiceless speech and detect human and object motions in different postures and speeds. This work presents insights into designing and preparing high-performance airflow sensors on a large-scale for sound recognition, motion monitoring, and assisting the disabled.
Pulmonary Function in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Relative to the Surgical Procedure (2011)

Intraoperative chest wall violation produced detrimental pulmonary effects, as reflected by reduced percent-predicted values at 10-year follow-up. Posterior-only procedures, which spared the chest wall, showed significant improvements in FVC and FEV(1) absolute values without any change in percent-predicted values.
Transpulmonary speed of sound input into the supraclavicular space (2003)

The transpulmonary speed of sound input at the mouth has been shown to vary with lung volume. To avoid the disadvantages that exist in certain clinical situations in inputting sound at the mouth, we input sound in the supraclavicular space of 21 healthy volunteers to determine whether similar information on the relationship of sound speed to lung volume could be obtained. We measured the transit time at multiple microphones placed over the chest wall using a 16-channel lung sound analyzer (Stethographics). There was a tight distribution of transit times in this population of subjects. At functional residual capacity, it was 9 +/- 1 (SD) ms at the apical sites and 13 +/- 1 ms at the lung bases. The sound speed at total lung capacity was 24 +/- 2 m/s and was 22 +/- 2 m/s at residual volume (P < 0.001). In all subjects, the speed of sound was faster at higher lung volume. This improved method of studying the mechanism of sound transmission in the lung may help in the development of noninvasive tools for diagnosis and monitoring of lung diseases.
Préparation de lactoferrine et d'α-lactalbumine humaines par utilisation de techniques à membranes (1989)

International audience
Unbundling in optical access networks: Focus on hybrid fiber-VDSL and TWDM-PON (2014)

The paper presents an overview of unbundling techniques for Next Generation Access Networks. In particular, the advantages and drawbacks of unbundling solutions for hybrid fiber-copper and all-optical access networks are discussed and compared.
CHANGES IN SOMATOMEDIN‐LIKE ACTIVITY AND GROWTH HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN THE PLASMA OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL (GALLUS DOMESTICUS) (1981)

Variations to immunoreactive growth hormone (GH) and bioassayable somatomedin-like activity (SLA) were determined in the plasma of the domestic fowl. The plasma concentrations of SLA (potency relative to a pooled serum standard) and GH were both inversely age-related in growing cockerels (Thornber 909) between 3 and 20 weeks of age (SLA, r = 0.454; P less than 0.01, GH, r = 0.548; P less than 0.01) and directly related to each other (r = 0.54; P less than 0.01). In immature birds maintained on a photoperiod of 16 h light, 8 h darkness, plasma concentrations of SLA were highest during the first hour of darkness (1.19 +/- 0.18 units/ ml (u/ml) mean +/- S.E.M., n = 6) and significantly lower 1 h after dawn (0.78 +/- 0.07 u/ml n = 6). No diurnal variations in plasma concentrations of GH were observed. Deprivation of food in two strains of chickens (Thornber 909 and broiler) significantly reduced plasma concentrations of SLA in both strains and increased plasma concentrations of GH in the Thornber strain. Re-feeding fasted Thornber chickens caused the plasma concentrations of SLA and GH to return to normal within 24 h but had no effect in broilers. Deprivation of water, which also reduces food intake, for 12, 18 and 24 h markedly reduced plasma concentrations of SLA but had no effect on plasma GH concentration in Thornber cockerels.
Quantifying the Role of Nanotubes in Nano:Nano Composite Supercapacitor Electrodes (2017)

Abstract Many promising supercapacitor electrode materials have high resistivity and require conductive additives to function effectively. However, the detailed role of the additive is not understood. Here, this question is resolved by applying a quantitative model for resistance‐limited supercapacitor electrodes to Co(OH) 2 ‐nanosheet/carbon nanotube composites. Without nanotubes, theory predicts and experiments show that while the low‐rate capacitance increases linearly with electrode thickness, the high rate capacitance decreases with thickness due to slow charging. Experiments supported by theory show that nanotube addition has two effects. First, the nanotube network effectively distributes charge, increasing the intrinsic electrode performance to the limit associated with its accessible surface area. Second, at high‐rate, the increased electrode conductivity shifts the rate‐limiting resistance from electrode to electrolyte, thus removing the thickness‐dependent capacitance falloff. Furthermore, the analysis quantifies the out‐of‐plane conductivity of the nanotube network, identifies the cross‐over from resistance‐limited to diffusion‐limited behavior, and allows full electrode modeling, facilitating rational design.
Advances in the Acquisition of Secure Systems Based on Open Architectures (2011)

Abstract : The role of software ecosystems in the development and evolution of secure open architecture systems has received insufficient consideration. Such systems are composed of software components subject to different requirements in an architecture in which evolution can occur by evolving existing components or by replacing them. But this may result in possible requirements conflicts and organizational liability for failure to fulfill obligations. We have developed an approach for understanding and modeling software requirements as security licenses, as well as for analyzing conflicts among groups of such licenses in realistic system contexts and for guiding the acquisition, integration, or development of systems with open source components in such an environment. Consequently, this paper reports on our efforts to extend our existing approach to specifying and analyzing software intellectual property licenses to now address software licenses that can be associated with secure OA systems.
Searching for the Reasons for Drop-Out from Peritoneal Dialysis: A Nationwide Survey in Japan (2003)

Approximately 10% of patients drop out from PD programs annually in Japan. To prolong PD treatment, new solutions that better preserve peritoneal function need to be developed, and patients and caregivers alike need to receive intensive education in preventing and treating peritonitis.
Critical Role of Astrocyte NAD + Glycohydrolase in Myelin Injury and Regeneration (2021)

Western-style diets cause disruptions in myelinating cells and astrocytes within the mouse CNS. Increased CD38 expression is present in the cuprizone and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models of demyelination and CD38 is the main nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>)-depleting enzyme in the CNS. Altered NAD<sup>+</sup> metabolism is linked to both high fat consumption and multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we identify increased CD38 expression in the male mouse spinal cord following chronic high fat consumption, after focal toxin [lysolecithin (LL)]-mediated demyelinating injury, and in reactive astrocytes within active MS lesions. We demonstrate that CD38 catalytically inactive mice are substantially protected from high fat-induced NAD<sup>+</sup> depletion, oligodendrocyte loss, oxidative damage, and astrogliosis. A CD38 inhibitor, 78c, increased NAD<sup>+</sup> and attenuated neuroinflammatory changes induced by saturated fat applied to astrocyte cultures. Conditioned media from saturated fat-exposed astrocytes applied to oligodendrocyte cultures impaired myelin protein production, suggesting astrocyte-driven indirect mechanisms of oligodendrogliopathy. In cerebellar organotypic slice cultures subject to LL-demyelination, saturated fat impaired signs of remyelination effects that were mitigated by concomitant 78c treatment. Significantly, oral 78c increased counts of oligodendrocytes and remyelinated axons after focal LL-induced spinal cord demyelination. Using a RiboTag approach, we identified a unique <i>in vivo</i> brain astrocyte translatome profile induced by 78c-mediated CD38 inhibition in mice, including decreased expression of proinflammatory astrocyte markers and increased growth factors. Our findings suggest that a high-fat diet impairs oligodendrocyte survival and differentiation through astrocyte-linked mechanisms mediated by the NAD<sup>+</sup>ase CD38 and highlights CD38 inhibitors as potential therapeutic candidates to improve myelin regeneration.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Myelin disturbances and oligodendrocyte loss can leave axons vulnerable, leading to permanent neurologic deficits. The results of this study suggest that metabolic disturbances, triggered by consumption of a diet high in fat, promote oligodendrogliopathy and impair myelin regeneration through astrocyte-linked indirect nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>)-dependent mechanisms. We demonstrate that restoring NAD<sup>+</sup> levels via genetic inactivation of CD38 can overcome these effects. Moreover, we show that therapeutic inactivation of CD38 can enhance myelin regeneration. Together, these findings point to a new metabolic targeting strategy positioned to improve disease course in multiple sclerosis and other conditions in which the integrity of myelin is a key concern.
Effective coordination number model for the size dependency of physical properties of nanocrystals (2008)

Based on the effective coordination number (ECN) viewpoint a model for the size dependency of cohesive energy of nanocrystals has been developed. In order to calculate ECN both un-relaxed and relaxed surfaces have been considered. It has been shown that bond order–length–strength (BOLS) correlation mechanism can be described successfully by adopting an average ECN approach. Based on ECN and the fundamental effect of cohesive energy on physical quantities, the size dependency of the following parameters has been established: melting temperature, evaporation temperature, Debye temperature, vacancy formation energy of nanocrystals and surface tension of nanodroplets. Predictions for the size dependency of the aforementioned properties are in good agreement with the BOLS model and available results from experimental and simulation studies.
Synthesis and characterization of copolymeric aliphatic–aromatic esters derived from terephthalic acid, 1,4‐butanediol, and ε‐caprolactone by physical, thermal, and mechanical properties and NMR measurements (2012)

Abstract In this study, a series of aliphatic–aromatic poly(butylene terephthalate‐ co ‐ε‐caprolactone) (PBTCL) copolyesters were synthesized from various monomeric compositions of terephthalic acid (TPA), 1,4‐butanediol (BDO), and ε‐caprolactone (CL) in the presence of tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(Obu) 4 ) and stannous octoate (Sn(Oct) 2 ) as catalysts through a combination of polycondensation and ring opening polymerization. A significant increase in the melting temperature ( T m ) of copolyesters was observed by increasing the TPA/(CL+TPA) molar ratio, starting from the low end ( T m 66.2°C) of pure poly‐ε‐caprolactone PCL upward. We found that PBTCL‐50, which has a TPA/(CL+TPA) 50% molar ratio and polycondensation at 260°C for 1.5 h, resulted in a proper T m of 139.2°C that facilitates thermal extrusion from biomass or other biodegradable polymers of similar T m . The number–average molecular weight ( M n ) of 7.4 × 10 4 for PBTCL‐50 was determined from the intrinsic viscosity [η] by using the Berkowitz model of M n = 1.66 × 10 5 [η] 0.9 . Good mechanical properties of PBTCL‐50 have been shown by tensile stretching experiment that indicates tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus are 11.9 MPa, 132%, and 257 MPa, respectively. Polymers with aforementioned properties are suitable for manufacturing biodegradable plastic films for downstream agricultural applications or merely for trash bag. This article reveals that the PBTCL‐50 contains all five monomers with different molar ratios and characteristical linkages between each other. The novel structure was furthermore analyzed by 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Multi-layer operations functional analysis for broadband ATM networks and services (2002)

This paper identifies a representative subset of operations functions for broadband ATM networks and services and describes the functions in terms of a multilayer model. Potential physical operations architecture alternatives based on this multi-layer model are presented. The focus of this paper is on configuration management functions for early availability broadband ATM networks and services consisting of broadband switching systems (BSSs) that perform ATM cell switching in support of permanent virtual connection (PVC) based services.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Adaptation to experience level based on user's search strategy (2003)

Decision-making in large, information-intensive domains is discussed in terms of information gathering strategies employed by experienced, intermediate, and novice decision-makers. Differences by level of experience were predicted for seven strategies. These predictions were tested in a process-tracing experiment using a submarine search scenario. Differences were found among groups in the use of information gathering strategies, in response to written questions, and in the content of recorded verbal protocols. The experimental results were used to build an expert decision aid that adapts dynamically to the experience level of its user. This is done by tracking information-gathering behavior and adapting the system response when the behavior is not expert-like. An unusual aspect of this system was the use of the situational model, to model not only the situation but also user behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nonconvex Online Support Vector Machines (2010)

In this paper, we propose a nonconvex online Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm (LASVM-NC) based on the Ramp Loss, which has the strong ability of suppressing the influence of outliers. Then, again in the online learning setting, we propose an outlier filtering mechanism (LASVM-I) based on approximating nonconvex behavior in convex optimization. These two algorithms are built upon another novel SVM algorithm (LASVM-G) that is capable of generating accurate intermediate models in its iterative steps by leveraging the duality gap. We present experimental results that demonstrate the merit of our frameworks in achieving significant robustness to outliers in noisy data classification where mislabeled training instances are in abundance. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed approaches yield a more scalable online SVM algorithm with sparser models and less computational running time, both in the training and recognition phases, without sacrificing generalization performance.We also point out the relation between nonconvex optimization and min-margin active learning.
Notes (1965)

S. F. A. Kettle, P. B. D. de la Mare, J. S. Lomas, H. A. Pacini, A. E. Pavlath, J. L. Cotter, P. H. Gore, J. A. Hoskins, B. Wladislaw, A. Giora, J. D. Miller, R. H. Prince, I. M. Keen, D. G. Tuck, B. D. Faithful, E. Haslam, J. E. Marriott, G. B. Gill, G. H. Williams, C. C. Barker, G. Hallas, M. N. Thornber, D. A. Crombie, S. Shaw, C. W. Bird, E. W. Colvin, W. Parker, E. K. Fields, J. Leslie, D. Hamer, G. Hallas, I. M. Downie, G. Morris, A. K. Hiscock, J. S. Whitehurst, M. Green, A. E. Tipping, T. van Es, B. Staskun, W. S. Trahanovsky, L. B. Young, P. A. Bristow, M. Khowaja, J. G. Tillett, A. Fischer, R. E. J. Hutchinson, R. D. Topsom, W. Carruthers, D. A. M. Watkins, J. A. Knight, J. C. Roberts and J. G. Underwood, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 5737 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650005737