gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extended Ohtsuka–Vălean Sums (2022)

The Ohtsuka–Vălean sum is extended to evaluate an extensive number of trigonometric and hyperbolic sums and products. The sums are taken over finite and infinite domains defined in terms of the Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function, which can be simplified to composite functions in special cases of integer values of the parameters involved. The results obtained include generalizations of finite and infinite products and sums of tangent, cotangent, hyperbolic tangent and hyperbolic cotangent functions, in certain cases raised to a complex number power.
Versatility of Supported Gold Nanoparticles on Hydrotalcites used for Oxidation and Reduction Reactions (2022)

Regardless of their size, supported gold nanoparticles are largely used for liquid-phase oxidation reactions. Small gold nanoparticles exhibit good performance during the reduction of organic compounds. The direct reduction of carboxylic acid to aldehyde is a famous and familiar reaction in the field of organic chemistry and is considered as one of the fundamental chemical transformations. Herein, we present Au/hydrotalcite, Au/MgO, and Au/Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; systems as heterogeneous versatile catalysts to realize the oxidation of furfural (FF) to furoic acid (FA) and realize the reduction of FA to FF. Experiments showed that in standard aqueous conditions under air, FF can be easily oxidized to FA. When DMSO was used as a solvent to conduct the experiments under an atmosphere of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, FA was reduced to FF. The Au/HT series of catalysts was found to be active in both transformations, pointing out the versatility of the gold-based catalysts. The activity significantly depends on the acid-base properties of the catalyst.
Tissue plasminogen activator regulates Purkinje neuron development and survival (2013)

The cerebellar cortex is centrally involved in motor coordination and learning, and its sole output is provided by Purkinje neurons (PNs). Growth of PN dendrites and their major synaptic input from granule cell parallel fiber axons takes place almost entirely in the first several postnatal weeks. PNs are more vulnerable to cell death than most other neurons, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We find that the homozygous nervous (nr) mutant mouse's 10-fold-increased cerebellar tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a part of the tPA/plasmin proteolytic system, influences several different molecular mechanisms, each regulating a key aspect of postnatal PN development, followed by selective PN necrosis, as follows. (i) Excess endogenous or exogenous tPA inhibits dendritic growth in vivo and in vitro by activating protein kinase Cγ and phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 2. (ii) tPA/plasmin proteolysis impairs parallel fiber-PN synaptogenesis by blocking brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B signaling. (iii) Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (a mitochondrial and plasma membrane protein) bound with kringle 5 (a peptide derived from the excess plasminogen) promotes pathological enlargement and rounding of PN mitochondria, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, and damages plasma membranes. These abnormalities culminate in young nr PN necrosis that can be mimicked in wild-type PNs by exogenous tPA injection into cerebellum or prevented by endogenous tPA deletion in nr:tPA-knockout double mutants. In sum, excess tPA/plasmin, through separate downstream molecular mechanisms, regulates postnatal PN dendritogenesis, synaptogenesis, mitochondrial structure and function, and selective PN viability.
Food Extrusion Science and Technology (1991)

This book melds recent advances in the simulation of transport phenomena during single- and twin-screw extrusion with chemistry pertaining to food material transformation during extrusion. Forty-four chapters in five parts cover transport phenomena during extrusion, rheological properties of cereals
Effect of tailored and supervised therapeutic exercise in metastatic breast cancer patients: A prospective study. (2020)

e13075 Background: The safety, feasibility and benefit of physical activity is robust in adjuvant breast cancer, but as far as we know, there is little information on the feasibility and benefit of exercise in women with advanced breast cancer. The objective of our study is to analyze the feasibility and impact on fatigue, quality of life and functionality of an individualized, prospective and supervised exercise program in a group of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Methods: A prospective study on 30 metastatic breast cancer patients who were recruited as volunteers between February 2018 and April 2019 by Medical Oncologists from the Medical Oncology Unit at University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Victoria (Malaga, Spain). Participants included in this study were patients aged between 34 and 71 years old and all had metastatic breast cancer, not amenable to curative treatment. The intervention was a twelve-week Therapeutic Exercise and Education Programme delivered by a physiotherapist. The intervention was preceded by a physical assessment of the musculoskeletal system. The outcomes were cancer-related fatigue, quality of life and functional outcomes (patient- reported and other measured by investigators). Results: Of the 30 patients initially recruited, only 11 of them completed the program with an attendance greater or equal to 17 sessions (75% of assistance). Most of patients who dropped (19), did it because of personal matters, not related to disease progression. Regarding patients who completed the completion of physical activity program (n = 11), the majority were treated on first line of treatment with hormonal receptors positive tumors and bone metastasis. After the intervention, no major changes were observed in cancer-related fatigue, quality of life and several patients-reported outcomes, although an improvement in functionality was observed, in investigator-measured parameters (30-STS and adapted burpees). Conclusions: Our study shows that a supervised and individualized tailored physical activity program in metastatic breast cancer patients is safe and feasible, although more studies are needed to analyse its impact on improving functional parameters, fatigue and quality of life.
Biochemical Sequence Analyses of GES-1, a Novel Class A Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase, and the Class 1 Integron In52 from Klebsiella pneumoniae (2000)

Klebsiella pneumoniae ORI-1 was isolated in 1998 in France from a rectal swab of a 1-month-old girl who was previously hospitalized in Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana. This strain harbored a ca. 140-kb nontransferable plasmid, pTK1, that conferred an extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance profile antagonized by the addition of clavulanic acid, tazobactam, or imipenem. The gene for GES-1 (Guiana extended-spectrum beta-lactamase) was cloned, and its protein was expressed in Escherichia coli DH10B, where this pI-5. 8 beta-lactamase of a ca. 31-kDa molecular mass conferred resistance to oxyimino cephalosporins (mostly to ceftazidime). GES-1 is weakly related to the other plasmid-located Ambler class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). The highest percentage of amino acid identity was obtained with the carbenicillinase GN79 from Proteus mirabilis; with YENT, a chromosome-borne penicillinase from Yersinia enterocolitica; and with L-2, a chromosome-borne class A cephalosporinase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (36% amino acid identity each). However, a dendrogram analysis showed that GES-1 clustered within a class A ESBL subgroup together with ESBLs VEB-1 and PER-1. Sequencing of a 7,098-bp DNA fragment from plasmid pTK1 revealed that the GES-1 gene was located on a novel class 1 integron named In52 that was characterized by (i) a 5' conserved segment containing an intI1 gene possessing two putative promoters, P(1) and P(2), for coordinated expression of the downstream antibiotic resistance genes and an attI1 recombination site; (ii) five antibiotic gene cassettes, bla(GES-1), aac(6')Ib' (gentamicin resistance and amikacin susceptibility), dfrXVb (trimethoprim resistance), a novel chloramphenicol resistance gene (cmlA4), and aadA2 (streptomycin-spectinomycin resistance); and (iii) a 3' conserved segment consisting of qacEDelta1 and sulI. The bla(GES-1) and aadA2 gene cassettes were peculiar, since they lacked a typical 59-base element. This work identified the second class A ESBL gene of a non-TEM, non-SHV series which was located in the plasmid and integron, thus providing it additional means for its spread and its expression.
Drains in Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction (2018)

Block, Lisa M. MD; Ollech, Caleb J. BS; Poore, Samuel O. MD, PhD; Afifi, Ahmed M. MD Author Information
Human Classification Behaviour Revisited by Machine Learning (2004)

We attempt to understand visual classication in humans using both psychophysical and machine learning techniques. Frontal views of human faces were used for a gender classication task. Human subjects classied the faces and their gender judgment, reaction time (RT) and condence rating (CR) were recorded for each face. RTs are longer for incorrect answers than for correct ones, high CRs are correlated with low classication errors and RTs decrease as the CRs increase. This results suggest that patterns difcult to classify need more computation by the brain than patterns easy to classify. Hyperplane learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Relevance Vector Machines (RVM), Prototype learners (Prot) and K-means learners (Kmean) were used on the same classication task using the Principal Components of the texture and oweld representation of the faces. The classication performance of the learning algorithms was estimated using the face database with the true gender of the faces as labels, and also with the gender estimated by the subjects. Kmean yield a classication performance close to humans while SVM and RVM are much better. This surprising behaviour may be due to the fact that humans are trained on real faces during their lifetime while they were here tested on articial ones, while the algorithms were trained and tested on the same set of stimuli. We then correlated the human responses to the distance of the stimuli to the separating hyperplane (SH) of the learning algorithms. On the whole stimuli far from the SH are classied more accurately, faster and with higher condence than those near to the SH if we pool data across all our subjects and stimuli. We also nd three noteworthy results. First, SVMs and RVMs can learn to classify faces using the subjects' labels but perform much better when using the true labels. Second, correlating the average response of humans (classication error, RT or CR) with the distance to the SH on a face-by-face basis using Spearman's rank correlation coefcients shows that RVMs recreate human performance most closely in every respect. Third, the mean-of-class prototype, its popularity in neuroscience notwithstanding, is the least human-like classier in all cases examined.
Synthesis, degradation and biocompatibility of tyrosine-derived polycarbonate scaffolds (2010)

Polycarbonate terpolymers consisting of desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine alkyl esters (DTR), desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine (DT), and low molecular weight blocks of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are a new class of polymers that have good engineering properties while also being resorbable in vivo. This study is the first evaluation of their (i) degradation behavior, (ii) in vitro cytotoxicity, and (iii) in vivo biocompatibility. Porous, tissue engineering scaffolds were prepared by a combination of solvent casting, porogen leaching and phase separation techniques. The scaffolds (>90% porosity) displayed (i) a bimodal pore distribution with micropores of less than 20 µm and macropores between 200 and 400 µm, (ii) a highly interconnected and open pore architecture, and (iii) a highly organized microstructure where the micropores are oriented and aligned along the walls of the macropores. Molecular weight (number average, Mn) and mass loss were determined in vitro (PBS at 37 °C) for up to 28 days. All three terpolymer compositions were fast degrading and retained only 10% of their initial molecular weight after 21 days, while mass loss during the 28 days was polymer composition-dependent. In vitro biocompatibility of the polymer scaffolds was determined up to 14 days by measuring metabolic activity of MC3T3.E1 (subclone 4) pre-osteoblasts. The outcome showed no statistical difference between cells cultured in monolayer and all tested polymer scaffolds. Robust cell attachment throughout the scaffold volume was observed by confocal microscopy and SEM. The biocompatibility of resorbing scaffolds was evaluated at 12 week in a critical sized defect (CSD) rabbit calvaria model and showed only a minimal inflammatory response. Overall, the results reported here illustrate the potential utility of tyrosine-derived polycarbonate terpolymers in the design of tissue engineering scaffolds.
Host Determinants of Prion Strain Diversity Independent of Prion Protein Genotype (2015)

Prions are misfolded pathogenic proteins that cause neurodegeneration in humans and animals. Transmissible prion diseases exhibit a spectrum of disease phenotypes and the basis of this diversity is encoded in the structure of the pathogenic prion protein and propagated by an epigenetic mechanism. In the present study, we investigated prion diversity in two hosts species that express the same prion protein gene. While prior reports have demonstrated that prion strain properties are stable upon infection of the same host species and prion protein genotype, our findings indicate that certain prion strains can undergo dramatic changes in biological properties that are not dependent on the prion protein. Therefore, host factors independent of the prion protein can affect prion diversity. Understanding how host pathways can modify prion disease phenotypes may provide clues on how to alter prion formation and lead to treatments for prion, and other, human neurodegenerative diseases of protein misfolding.
Abstracts (1959)

Journal Article Abstracts Get access Miriam Reiner Miriam Reiner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 5, Issue 1, 1 February 1959, Pages 75–77, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/5.1.75 Published: 01 February 1959
ICCS/ESCCA Consensus Guidelines to detect GPI‐deficient cells in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) and related Disorders Part 4 – Assay Validation and Quality Assurance (2017)

Over the past six years, a diverse group of stakeholders have put forth recommendations regarding the analytical validation of flow cytometric methods and described in detail the differences between cell-based and traditional soluble analyte assay validations. This manuscript is based on these general recommendations as well as the published experience of experts in the area of PNH testing. The goal is to provide practical assay-specific guidelines for the validation of high-sensitivity flow cytometric PNH assays. Examples of the reports and validation data described herein are provided in Supporting Information. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
Reflux esophagitis increased the risk of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis: A 3‐year follow‐up study (2012)

We found that patients with RE were at a higher risk than with comparison patients for having been subsequently diagnosed with BPS/IC during longitudinal follow-up.
One-dimensional wire formed by molecular-beam epitaxial regrowth on a patterned pnpnp GaAs substrate (1994)

We have grown high mobility one-dimensional electron gases by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) on etched GaAs pnpnp facets. By applying the appropriate bias to the p- and n-GaAs layers which serve as a unique backgate, the electron gas width and mobility may be controlled. The width may be varied between about 400 and 100 nm. We also find that the mobility increases up to about 6×105 cm2/V s, rather than decreases with falling carrier concentration.
Optical Properties of Rodlike Metallic Nanostructures: Insight from Theory and Experiment (2009)

In this work, we combined synthesis of Au nanorods (AuNRs) and Au−Ag core−shell nanorod-like structures, of narrow size distribution in all dimensions and for a broad range of aspect ratios, with computational prediction of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPRs), in order to gain a better understanding of the optical response. Self-assembled AuNRs were also synthesized and characterized experimentally and theoretically. In addition, an understanding of the growth of Au−Ag core−shell nanorod-like structures for varying geometries, dielectric environments, and compositions was obtained. Controlled and precise synthesis, even for AuNRs with large aspect ratios, for Au−Ag core−shell nanostructures and AuNR pairs, enabled validation of the computational results, and development of structure−property relationships. These will, in turn, assist in the experimental characterization of AuNRs and related core−shell nanostructures.
[Bronchoplasties and pulmonary arterioplasties in the treatment of central-type bronchogenic carcinoma]. (2006)

Pulmonary arterioplastic and broncho-angioplastic procedures can be performed safely. Angioplastic and combined broncho-angioplastic procedures offer patients with bronchogenic carcinoma similar a long-term result as radical lung resection, especially in patients who cannot tolerate pneumonectomy due to poor cardiopulmonary reserve.
Automatic CFD Optimisation of Biomass Combustion Plants (2012)

In this paper, the work on the development and test of a basic design tool for the automatic performance of parameter studies for the optimisation of biomass combustion plants is presented. The model consists of parameterisation and optimisation routines linked with an in ¬house developed empirical packed bed combustion model as well as gas phase CFD models especially adapted for biomass grate furnaces. To test and verify the routine developed, it has been applied for the optimisation of a 180 kW pilot¬ scale grate furnace. The main focus was on the minimisation of CO emissions and the pressure loss by changing the diameter and angle of the secondary air nozzles. The simulation results show that the time of the optimisation process can be reduced considerably by the automatic routine developed and the evaluation of several independent design variables is possible. This new procedure forms an important milestone towards automatic CFD based furnace and boiler optimisations in the future.
Preparation of new nitrogen-bridged heterocycles. XXIII. Syntheses and reactions of pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyridine-2-thiols. (1). (1990)

Some pyridinium 1-[[(2-substituted ethy)thio]thiocarbonyl]aminides (4a-h) were prepared in moderate yields by the reactions of N-unsubstituted pyridinium aminides (2a-e) with carbon disulfide and ethyl acrylate (3a) or acrylonitrile (3b). The S-alkylations of these aminides 4a-h with bromoacetonitrile (5a) or ethyl bromoacetate (5b) at room temperature and the subsequent treatment of the resulting pyridinium salts with 1, 8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and then with chloranil at 0°C gave the corresponding 2-[(2-substituted ethyl)thio]pyrazolo[1, 5-a]pyridine derivatives (6a-p) in 40-75% yields. The β-eliminations of the 2-substituents in these pyrazolo[1, 5-a]pyridines 6a-p with potassium tert-butoxide in N, N-dimethylfomamide (DMF) proceeded smoothly to provide the title compounds, pyrazolo[1, 5-a]pyridine-2-thiols (7a-j), in good yields along with the release of 3a, b.
Pressure-induced shift of effective Ce valence, Fermi energy and phase boundaries in CeOs4Sb12 (2022)

Abstract CeOs 4 Sb 12 , a member of the skutterudite family, has an unusual semimetallic low-temperature <?CDATA $\mathcal{L}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">L</mml:mi> </mml:math> -phase that inhabits a wedge-like area of the field H —temperature T phase diagram. We have conducted measurements of electrical transport and megahertz conductivity on CeOs 4 Sb 12 single crystals under pressures of up to 3 GPa and in high magnetic fields of up to 41 T to investigate the influence of pressure on the different H – T phase boundaries. While the high-temperature valence transition between the metallic <?CDATA $\mathcal{H}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">H</mml:mi> </mml:math> -phase and the <?CDATA $\mathcal{L}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">L</mml:mi> </mml:math> -phase is shifted to higher T by pressures of the order of 1 GPa, we observed only a marginal suppression of the <?CDATA $\mathcal{S}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">S</mml:mi> </mml:math> -phase that is found below 1 K for pressures of up to 1.91 GPa. High-field quantum oscillations have been observed for pressures up to 3.0 GPa and the Fermi surface of the high-field side of the <?CDATA $\mathcal{H}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">H</mml:mi> </mml:math> -phase is found to show a surprising decrease in size with increasing pressure, implying a change in electronic structure rather than a mere contraction of lattice parameters. We evaluate the field-dependence of the effective masses for different pressures and also reflect on the sample dependence of some of the properties of CeOs 4 Sb 12 which appears to be limited to the low-field region.
SMART 5: domains in the context of genomes and networks (2005)

The Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool (SMART) is an online resource (http://smart.embl.de/) used for protein domain identification and the analysis of protein domain architectures. Many new features were implemented to make SMART more accessible to scientists from different fields. The new 'Genomic' mode in SMART makes it easy to analyze domain architectures in completely sequenced genomes. Domain annotation has been updated with a detailed taxonomic breakdown and a prediction of the catalytic activity for 50 SMART domains is now available, based on the presence of essential amino acids. Furthermore, intrinsically disordered protein regions can be identified and displayed. The network context is now displayed in the results page for more than 350 000 proteins, enabling easy analyses of domain interactions.
Perspective: Advances and challenges in treating van der Waals dispersion forces in density functional theory (2012)

Electron dispersion forces play a crucial role in determining the structure and properties of biomolecules, molecular crystals, and many other systems. However, an accurate description of dispersion is highly challenging, with the most widely used electronic structure technique, density functional theory (DFT), failing to describe them with standard approximations. Therefore, applications of DFT to systems where dispersion is important have traditionally been of questionable accuracy. However, the last decade has seen a surge of enthusiasm in the DFT community to tackle this problem and in so-doing to extend the applicability of DFT-based methods. Here we discuss, classify, and evaluate some of the promising schemes to emerge in recent years. A brief perspective on the outstanding issues that remain to be resolved and some directions for future research are also provided.