gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal and Electrical Co-Optimization of a Multi-Chip Double-Sided Cooled GaN Module (2021)

Abstract The need for high power density electrical converters/inverters dominates the power electronics realm, and wide bandgap semiconducting materials, such as gallium nitride (GaN), provide the enhanced material properties necessary to drive at higher switching speeds than traditional silicon. However, lateral GaN devices introduce packaging difficulties, especially when attempting a double-sided cooled solution. Herein, we describe optimization efforts for a 650V/30A, GaN half-bridge power module with an integrated gate driver and double-sided cooling capability. Two direct bonded copper (DBC) substrates provided the primary means of heat removal from the module. In addition to the novel topology, the team performed electrical/thermal co-design to increase the multi-functionality of module. Since a central PCB comprised the main power loop, the size and geometry of the vias and copper traces was analyzed to determine optimal functionality in terms of parasitic inductance and thermal spreading. Thermally, thicker copper layers and additional vias introduced into the PCB also helped reduce hot spots within the module. Upon fabrication of the module, it underwent electrical characterization to determine switching performance, as well as thermal characterization to experimentally measure the total module’s thermal resistance. The team successfully operated the module at 400 V, 30 A with a power loop parasitic inductance of 0.89 nH; experimental thermal measurements also indicated the module thermal resistance to be 0.43 C/W. The overall utility of the design improved commensurately by introducing simple, yet effective electrical/thermal co-design strategies, which can be applied to future power modules.
Nitric Oxide-Releasing Fluorescence-Based Oxygen Sensing Polymeric Films (2002)

The in vitro analytical performance of fluorescence-based oxygen sensing polymeric films prepared with silicone rubbers that spontaneously release nitric oxide (NO) is examined. The use of NO-release polymers for fabricating functional optical sensors is proposed as a potential solution to fingering biocompatibility and concomitant performance problems encountered with prototype intravascular optical oxygen sensors. Plasticized silicone rubber films formulated with two distinct types of diazeniumdiolate NO donors release NO for more than 24 h. The optical oxygen sensing films prepared by doping these NO release polymeric materials with oxygen indicators (pyrene/perylene donor/acceptor pair) display different analytical responses, as compared to controls without NO release capability. Nonlinear Stern-Volmer behavior is observed for single-layer NO release oxygen sensors owing to heterogeneous environments for the pyrene/perylene pair and a concomitant quenching of the fluorescence by excess amine sites in such films. In contrast, a dual-layer configuration using an underlying NO-release silicone rubber layer covered with a second polymeric layer containing the fluorescent indicators is shown to yield identical sensitivity and linearity toward oxygen as conventional non-NO-releasing oxygen sensing films, while still providing surface NO fluxes necessary to yield more thromboresistive devices.
Recycling of Concentration Tailings of Iron Ore for the Production of Concrete Block (Pavers) (2014)

This paper studies the technological feasibility of using iron ore tailings as additives in cement pavers for the optimization of the mechanical properties and color modulation.Thus, to study the physical, chemical, optical and morphological properties of the tailings, they were characterized for the composition, mineralogy and granulometry. To optimize the procedure of preparing iron ore tailings as additives in the production of new concrete pavers and to determine their effects on the properties of pavers they, were added in ratios of 0% to 50% in substitution of traditional aggregates. The pavers were characterized for hermeticity and mechanical properties.
Successful anti-Id T-cell responses to Id-KLH immunotherapy in B-cell depleted patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) may prolong TTP after rituximab: Phase II trial of FavId (2004)

2520 Background: Active immunotherapy of FL is a promising therapeutic strategy. Anti-idiotype (Id) antibody and T-cell responses to Id-KLH have been correlated with responses in patients with FL. In a phase II trial, we evaluated the efficacy of Id-KLH vaccination in patients with FL, after cytoreduction with rituximab and during B-lymphopenia. Anti-Id responses were measured and the TTP was compared to historical data for rituximab alone. Methods: Pts with gr 1,2 FL who were treatment naïve; relapsed/refractory to chemo or relapsed after rituximab were eligible. Rituximab (375mg/m2 weekly x4) was followed by response assessment at wk10. Pts with at least SD (CR/PR/SD) started Id-KLH (1 mg s.q. monthly x 6) 12 wks after the first dose of rituximab. GM-CSF 250 mcg was given s.q. at the Id-KLH injection site on days 1–4. Pts with at least SD after 6 doses of Id-KLH could continue receiving the immunotherapy until progression. 123 pts were biopsied and 95 were eligible. Prior trerapy (in 60 of 95) was chemo and rituximab (31) chemotherapy alone (23) or rituximab alone (6). Id-KLH was successfully manufactured in 100% of eligible pts. All eligible pts have received rituximab and 58 pts have begun Id-KLH. Results: 36 patients (all previously treated) have a minimum of 6 months follow-up from first rituximab dose and are included in this preliminary analysis. 5 pts progressed after rituximab and did not receive Id-KLH. Robust T-cell responses to both Id and KLH were observed (3 of 3 pts). Anti-KLH antibody responses were seen in 2 of 10 pts and were delayed until B-cell recovery. 85% of the Id-KLH treated patients were without disease progression after a median of 9.7 months follow-up, compared with 56% of historical controls treated with rituximab alone (Witzig 2002 JCO 20:2453). Adverse events were infrequent with injection site reaction being most common. Conclusions: Id-KLH induces immune responses even after rituximab mediated B-cell depletion in FL patients. Preliminary data suggest that Id-KLH may prolong TTP after rituximab therapy and this strategy will be tested in a randomized phase III trial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Network-Assisted Two-Hop Vehicle-to-Everything Communication on Highway (2018)

Recently, both the industry and academy societies are trying to develop the next generation of cellular network (5G) to support vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. V2X communication can be used for information exchange among traffic participants and enable a cooperative driving to avoid accidents and also improve traffic efficiency. However, there are certain technical challenges faced by cellular networks to meet the requirements of V2X communication. For instance, the fast movement of vehicles in highway scenarios requires a large V2X communication range which can not be guaranteed by a single-hop direct V2X communication. In this work, we propose a two-hop direct V2X communication scheme to improve packet transmission range and therefore enhance service reliability. In this scheme, a V2X packet will be broadcasted by its generator directly to all nearby users (UEs) over sidelink. Among these receivers that locate in the proximity of the transmitter, some receivers will be selected and act as relays to retransmit its received packet. In this way, receivers which locate inside the targeted communication range but far away from the transmitter have a possibility to receive the packet from two different transmission hops and therefore the packet reception ratio can be increased. In order to select the proper receivers as relays, it is proposed for the network to collect and exploit certain context information. In addition, an optimization problem is constructed to optimally adapt the resource allocation among different hops according to the real-time system conditions. Last but not least, a system-level simulation is implemented to evaluate the proposed two-hop direct V2X communication with different resource allocation options.
Germanium on silicon single-photon avalanche detectors using silicon-on-insulator substrates (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Single photon avalanche detectors (SPADs) operating in gated-Geiger mode at near infrared wavelengths have applications in quantum key distribution (QKD), eye-safe light detection and ranging (LIDAR), 3D image sensing, quantum enhanced imaging and photonic based quantum information processing. Whilst InGaAs SPADs are commercially available, the high cost and lack of integrated SPADs limit the applications. We have previously demonstrated vertical Geiger mode Ge on Si SPADs at 1310 and 1550 nm operating at 100 K where the Ge is used as an absorber and the lower noise Si is used as the avalanche gain region. At 100 K and 1310 nm a single photon detection efficiency of 4% was demonstrated with a dark count rate (DCR) of 5 MHz. Here we present first results on Ge on Si SPADs grown on top of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. Both vertical photodetectors and waveguide coupled detectors were investigated with designs aimed to reduce the DCR over previous results. Waveguides and avalanche regions were patterned in the top Si of a SOI wafer before being coated with silicon dioxide. Holes were then etched in the oxide to allow selective area growth of Ge inside these windows and on top of the Si waveguides for the waveguide coupled Ge SPADs. This approach reduces the threading dislocation density compared to bulk Ge growths which aids the reduction of the DCR. The fabricated devices have been tested at both 1310 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths and demonstrate improved performance over previous published results.
Node Classification and Link Prediction in Social Graphs using RLVECN (2020)

Node classification and link prediction problems in Social Network Analysis (SNA) remain open research problems with respect to Artificial Intelligence (AI). Inherent representations about social network structures can be effectively harnessed for training AI models in a bid to detect clusters via classification of actors as well as predict ties with regard to a given social network. In this paper, we have proposed a unique hybrid model: Representation Learning via Knowledge-Graph Embeddings and ConvNet (RLVECN). Our proposition is designed for analyzing and extracting expressive feature representations from social network structures to aid in link prediction, node classification and community detection tasks. RLVECN utilizes an edge sampling technique for exploiting features of a given social network via learning the context of each actor with respect to its associate actors.
Hypertension: a complication of danazol therapy (1980)

Danazol is a semisynthetic androgen that is used in the treatment of endometriosis and hereditary angioedema. Although fluid retention and weight gain are well-known complictaions of danazol therapy, to our knowledge hypertension has not been previously documented with the use of this drug. We have studied a patient with hereditary angioedema who exhibited a reproducible hypertension with danazol therapy. Based on our investigation, the resultant hypertension was primarily volume dependent. The hypertension in this patient failed to respond to propranolol hydrochloride, while it normalized with the administration of a small dose of a diuretic. In view of the growing indications for therapy with danazol, increasing numbers of susceptible patients may be at risk of having drug-induced hypertension develop. We, therefore, recommend that blood pressure be routinely monitored in patients receiving this drug.
Selectivity in Stripping of Alkali-Metal Cations from Crown Ether Carboxylate Complexes (1992)

Abstract The potential of crown ethers (macrocyclic polyethers) as the next generation of specific extracting agents for metal ions was markedly enhanced by the introduction of crown ethers which bear pendent proton-ionizable groups (1–5). It has been shown that metal ion extraction does not require concomitant transfer of an aqueous phase anion into the organic medium (6). For potential practical applications of these proton-ionizable crown ethers in which hard aqueous phase anions (chloride, nitrate, sulfate) would be involved, this factor is of immense importance. In addition, the combination of ion binding cavities possessing fixed dimensions with protonionizable groups creates novel bifunctional chelating agents. A final factor is the case with which extracted metal ions may be stripped from the organic phase by shaking with aqueous mineral acid.
Validation of next-generation sequencing cancer panels for clinical somatic mutation profilin: Identification of source of variations and artifacts using FFPE tissues. (2014)

e22180 Background: Use of a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based test as a clinical trial assay requires that the test be analytically validated to CLIA/CAP regulations. During the course of analytically validating NGS cancer panels for use as patient enrollment assays, we assessed the repeatability, reproducibility and accuracy of commercially available Cancer Panels. Methods: Illumina TruSeq Cancer Panel on MiSeq and Life Technologies AmpliSeq v2 Cancer Panel on Ion Torrent PGM were used for this study. The basic design of the experiments comprised the evaluation of 6 replicates starting from gDNA isolated from a pooled sample in which each replicate underwent independent library preparation and was analyzed in a multiplexed run in the same flow cell or chip (repeatability for library preparation). We also evaluated 6 different CRC FFPE tissue samples through a similar multiplexing design and repeated the same experiment for three times on different days (run-to-run reproducibility). Results: We found in both platforms that variants with higher variant frequency (VF >30%) were called with much higher repeatability and reproducibility than those with lower VF (between 5 and 25%), a level at which many somatic mutations are found. Also, Illumina MiSeq run-to-run reproducibility was significantly higher than that of Ion Torrent PGM. However, Illumina TruSeq library preparation protocol resulted in much lower repeatability than those obtained from Ion Torrent AmpliSeq protocol at the low VF range. We also found very high C to T mutation calls associated with Illumina Cancer Panel using TruSeq library preparation protocol (but not with Ion Torrent using AmpliSeq protocol) when a less stringent filter set was used. Conclusions: Library preparation protocols that start with PCR amplification, such as the AmpliSeq protocol, provide higher repeatability on variant calls with low VF and therefore, are more suitable for mutation profiling and mutation signature studies where somatic mutations are the focus and balanced false positive and false negative rates are critical to success.
A pipelin-based approach for scheling vido processing algorithms on NOW (2003)

Network Of Workstations (NOW) platforms put together with off-the-shelf workstations and networking hardware have become a cost effective, scalable, and flexible platform for video processing applications. Still, one has to manually schedule an algorithm to the available processors of the NOW to make efficient use of the resources. However, this approach is time-consuming and impractical for a video processing system that must perform a variety of different algorithms, with new algorithms being constantly developed. Improved support for program development is absolutely necessary before the full benefits of parallel architectures can be realized for video processing applications. Toward this goal, an automatic compile-time scheduler has been developed to schedule input tasks of video processing applications with precedence constraints onto available processors. The scheduler exploits both spatial (parallelism) and temporal (pipelining) concurrency to make the best use of machine resources. Two important scheduling problems are addressed. First, given a task graph and a desired throughput, a schedule is constructed to achieve the desired throughput with the minimum number of processors. Second, given a task graph and a finite set of available resources, a schedule is constructed such that the throughput is maximized while meeting the resource constraints. Results from simulations show that the scheduler and proposed optimization techniques effectively tackle these problems by maximizing processor utilization. A code generator has been developed to generate parallel programs automatically. The tools developed in this paper make it much easier for a programmer to develop video processing applications on these parallel architectures.
Exploring the correlation between network structure and electron binding energy in the (H2O)7− cluster through isomer-photoselected vibrational predissociation spectroscopy and ab initio calculations: Addressing complexity beyond types I-III (2008)

We report a combined photoelectron and vibrational spectroscopy study of the (H(2)O)(7)(-) cluster anions in order to correlate structural changes with the observed differences in electron binding energies of the various isomers. Photoelectron spectra of the (H(2)O)(7)(-) . Ar(m) clusters are obtained over the range of m=0-10. These spectra reveal the formation of a new isomer (I') for m>5, the electron binding energy of which is about 0.15 eV higher than that of the type I form previously reported to be the highest binding energy species [Coe et al., J. Chem. Phys. 92, 3980 (1990)]. Isomer-selective vibrational predissociation spectra are obtained using both the Ar dependence of the isomer distribution and photochemical depopulation of the more weakly (electron) binding isomers. The likely structures of the isomers at play are identified with the aid of electronic structure calculations, and the electron binding energies, as well as harmonic vibrational spectra, are calculated for 28 low-lying forms for comparison with the experimental results. The HOH bending spectrum of the low binding type II form is dominated by a band that is moderately redshifted relative to the bending origin of the bare water molecule. Calculations trace this feature primarily to the bending vibration localized on a water molecule in which a dangling H atom points toward the electron cloud. Both higher binding forms (I and I') display the characteristic patterns in the bending and OH stretching regions signaling electron attachment primarily to a water molecule in an AA binding site, a persistent motif found in non-isomer-selective spectra of the clusters up to (H(2)O)(50)(-).
Vascular decompression surgery for severe tinnitus: Selection criteria and results (1993)

Seventy-four patients were operated on within a period of 10 years to treat incapacitating tinnitus; 72 underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) of the intracranial portion of the auditory nerve, and 2 underwent section of the eighth nerve close to the brain stem. Of those who underwent MVD, 2 had no change in symptoms and later also underwent section of the eighth nerve near the brain stem. Two patients did not return for follow-up. Of the 72 remaining patients, 13 (18.1%) experienced total relief from tinnitus, 16 (22.2%) showed marked improvement, 8 (11.1%) showed slight improvement, 33 (45.8%) had no improvement, and 2 (2.8%) became worse. The patients who experienced total relief and those who showed marked improvement had experienced their tinnitus for an average of 2.9 years and 2.7 years, respectively; those who showed slight improvement and those who had no improvement had experienced their tinnitus for a longer time before the operation (mean, 5.2 and 7.9 years, respectively). Of the 72 patients who were operated on and followed, 32 were women. Of these, 54.8% experienced total relief from tinnitus or marked improvement, while only 29.3% of the men showed such relief or improvement. Selection of the patients for operation was mainly based on patient history and, to some extent, on auditory test results (brainstem auditory evoked potentials [BAEP], acoustic middle ear reflexes, and audiometric data).
[Al4(OH)2(OCH3)4(H2N‐bdc)3]⋅x H2O: A 12‐Connected Porous Metal–Organic Framework with an Unprecedented Aluminum‐Containing Brick (2009)

Al together now! A new stable aluminum aminoterephthalate system contains octameric building blocks that are connected by organic linkers to form a 12-connected net (see picture). The structure adopts a cubic centered packing motive in which octameric units replace individual atoms, thus forming distorted octahedral (red sphere) and tetrahedral cages (green spheres) with effective accessible diameters of 1 and 0.45 nm, respectively.
Who Is Drinking Nitrate in Their Well Water (1996)

This study evaluated the health risks for a rural northeastern Oregon population which is exposed to high nitrate levels in well water. The study also identified possible sources of nitrate contamination, and investigated measures the resident had taken to reduce their nitrate exposure from well water. Three data sets were used in the study, including a telephone survey of the residents, existing information collected by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality about well water nitrate concentrations, and demographic information from census records. Results revealed that 23% of the surveyed population was drinking well water that contained nitrate in excess of the 10 ppm nitrate-nitrogen maximum contaminant level adopted by the US Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water. Seventy-two percent of the households with nitrate levels exceeding the 10 ppm level did not use devices that effectively remove nitrates. The population included few women of childbearing age, and was generally older than other nearby urban or rural populations. Resident infants were not exposed to well water nitrate in excess of the 10 ppm level, and were therefore not at apparent risk for methemoglobinemia (blue-baby syndrome). Although the risk of infant methemoglobinemia was low in this area, it is recommended that alternativemore » water sources be explored, and that follow-up monitoring be performed by state and/or local agencies.« less
Diffusion of mineral elements evaluated by PIXE at the bone-coral interface (1996)

Substituting the tissue of human organs with biomaterials is problematic. However, its importance and relevance justify all the efforts made. An interdisciplinary approach is required. We report on our study of a product for bone substitution. Coral is a natural product, the interest of which we have already demonstrated in our previous work. Following sterilization, natural coral was implanted in sheep femurs. We regularly extracted the implants from the femurs to study the kinetics of elemental mineral transformation of the bone substitutes. For the first time ever, and thanks to the PIXE method (particles induced X-ray emission), we were able to measure the concentration of mineral elements at different time intervals after implantation over a whole cross-section. We found a discontinuity of the mineral elements (Ca, P, Sr, Zn, Fe) at the interface between the implant and the receiver. This shows that the osseous attack is not global but, on the contrary, centripetal. Moreover, the fit of the concentration time course indicates that the kinetics of ossification are different for each atomic element and characterize a distinct biological phenomenon. Our analyses confirm the biocompatibility and the ossification of the implanted coral.