gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Model of Fibroblast‐Mediated Cartilage Destruction (2005)

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), fibroblasts have been shown to be crucial for disease progression as well as joint destruction. In the model of human/murine SCID arthritis, synovial explants as well as fibroblasts from human rheumatoid synovial membrane induce destructive arthritis in immunodeficient mice. Hereby, the underlying cartilage destruction is accomplished by murine fibroblasts. Therefore, murine destructive fibroblasts represent a promising tool to investigate destruction of articular cartilage and bone. In this context, a novel destructive murine fibroblast line (LS48) was examined for morphological, ultrastructural, immunological and functional cellular parameters. These cells were injected into knees of SCID mice. Subsequently, the animals were monitored for joint swelling and serological parameters of arthritis by radiological methods. Finally, cartilage destruction was assessed morphologically. Cultured LS48 cells exhibit characteristic features that resemble those of activated synovial fibroblasts in human RA. Expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and matrix metalloproteinases were comparable to those detected in invasive human fibroblasts. The instillation of 5 x 10(5) LS48 cells into the knee joints of SCID mice initiated a rapid progressive process, that caused cartilage destruction within 10 days, and morphological examinations revealed that articular cartilage was infiltrated by the fibroblasts injected previously. In summary, the intra-articular application of LS48 cells represents a rapid and highly reproducible model to investigate the initiation and progression of cartilage destruction in connection with RA therapy and represents an easy-to-handle animal model.
Total Synthesis of (+)-Lasonolide A (2006)

[structure: see text]. An enantiocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-lasonolide A has been accomplished by using the sequential cross metathesis and macrolactonization for the key assembly of the 20-membered polyene macrolide core of the natural product.
Wafer level burn-in (2002)

Is it the industry's intent to apply wafer-level burn-in (WLBI) to MPUs and ASICs? Package-level burn-in (PLBI) today is facing escalating burn-in power dissipation for these MPU and ASIC devices. The burn-in board (BIB) density (devices/BIB) varies inversely with device power dissipation. However, wafer-level burn-in would indicate the opposite-more devices in a 200 mm diameter. Is it the industry's intent to apply wafer-level burn-in to memory and more specifically, to DRAM? Here, the power situation is much less problematic than MPUs and ASICs. Yet, unlike logic DRAMs are overwhelmingly wirebonded die which require a test interface (probe) that can penetrate the bond pad's aluminum oxide without damaging the wafer. There are multi-device under test (DUT) probe technologies available today for /spl times/32 DUT testing; they can cover an area of four square inches. And it may be possible to leverage these technologies to provide full wafer contact-but not for free. How would these compare to the PLBI economic model that we know and love? In the 1993-94 timeframe, several technology issues concerning WLBI were considered risky and required years to solve. So where is the design point today? Is WLBI a static burn-in methodology where applying elevated voltage and temperature is sufficient? Is it dynamic burn-in? Monitored burn-in? In situ burn-in? Or, will it naturally progress to wafer-level test and burn-in (WLTB)? This paper provides an overview of wafer-level burn-in, past and present, and offers a prediction for the future.
Carbon Nanotubes as Base Material for Fabrication of Gap Waveguide Components (2014)

Carbon nanotubes are being used here as a base material for rapid prototyping of a high frequency device. It has been implemented on a ridge gap resonator for 220-325 GHz which has previously been fabricated in Si. Microfabrication with Si has its benefits but it is time consuming when etching high ratio structures. CNT based structures offer a rapid and low cost turnover for prototyping. Measurements comparing the CNT-based structure to a previously made Si structure and simulations are presented. The unloaded Q-values and the loss/mm are presented from simulations, Si-based resonator measurements and CNT-based resonator measurements.
Blood-borne tissue factor: Another view of thrombosis (1999)

Arterial thrombosis is considered to arise from the interaction of tissue factor (TF) in the vascular wall with platelets and coagulation factors in circulating blood. According to this paradigm, coagulation is initiated after a vessel is damaged and blood is exposed to vessel-wall TF. We have examined thrombus formation on pig arterial media (which contains no stainable TF) and on collagen-coated glass slides (which are devoid of TF) exposed to flowing native human blood. In both systems the thrombi that formed during a 5-min perfusion stained intensely for TF, much of which was not associated with cells. Antibodies against TF caused approximately 70% reduction in the amount of thrombus formed on the pig arterial media and also reduced thrombi on the collagen-coated glass slides. TF deposited on the slides was active, as there was abundant fibrin in the thrombi. Factor VIIai, a potent inhibitor of TF, essentially abolished fibrin production and markedly reduced the mass of the thrombi. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed TF-positive membrane vesicles that we frequently observed in large clusters near the surface of platelets. TF, measured by factor Xa formation, was extracted from whole blood and plasma of healthy subjects. By using immunostaining, TF-containing neutrophils and monocytes were identified in peripheral blood; our data raise the possibility that leukocytes are the main source of blood TF. We suggest that blood-borne TF is inherently thrombogenic and may be involved in thrombus propagation at the site of vascular injury.
Balanced gains and their significance for&lt;tex&gt;L^{2}&lt;/tex&gt;model reduction (1985)

The singular values do not give enough information for model reduction in the L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> sense. Other invariants are introduced which help describe the contribution of each state to the L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> magnitude of the impulse response. This leads to another suboptimal balanced truncation criterion.
< 700 mV Open-Circuit Voltages on Defect-Engineered P-type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells on Czochralski and Multicrystalline Wafers (2018)

Silicon heterojunction solar cells are primarily fabricated with high-quality wafers, resulting in a higher manufacturing cost than mainstream solar cells. We explore the impact of defect engineering methods of hydrogenation and gettering into silicon heterojunction solar cells fabricated using low-lifetime, commercial-grade, p-type, Czochralski-grown monocrystalline and high-performance multicrystalline wafers. We demonstrate solar cells with independently verified opencircuit voltages of 707 mV and 702 mV on monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon wafers, respectively, thus exceeding 700 mV on multicrystalline silicon materials for the first time in the world. These remarkably high open-circuit voltages reveal the potential of cost-competitive low-quality p-type silicon wafers for making high-efficiency solar cells with efficiencies without the need of shifting towards expensive, high-quality wafers.
In vitro studies of Chlamydia trachomatis susceptibility and resistance to rifampin and rifabutin (1989)

Although rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant mutants of Chlamydia trachomatis occurs when the organism is grown in subinhibitory concentrations of rifampin, no such mutants could be demonstrated when the organism was propagated under the same conditions in subinhibitory levels of the related drug rifabutin.
Robust face detection by simple means (2012)

Face detection is still one of the core problems in computer vision, especially in unconstrained real-world situations where variations in face pose or bad imaging conditions have to be handled. These problems are covered by recent benchmarks such as Face Detection Dataset and Benchmark (FDDB) [2], which reveals that established methods, e.g, Viola and Jones [8] suffer a drop in performance. More effective approaches exist, but are closed source and not publicly available. Thus, we propose a simple but effective detector that is available to the public. It combines Histograms of Orientated Gradient (HOG) [1] features with linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification. 2 Technical Details One important aspect in the training of our face detector is bootstrapping. Thus, we rely on iterative training. In particular, each iteration consists of first describing the face patches by HOGs [1] and then learning a linear SVM. At the end of each iteration we bootstrap with the preliminary detector hard examples to enrich the training set. We perform several bootstrapping rounds to improve the detector until the desired false positive per window rate is reached. Interestingly, we found out that picking up false positives at multiple scales in a sliding window fashion yields better results than just at a single scale. Testing several patch sizes and HOG layouts revealed that a patch size of 36 by 36 delivers the best results. For the HOG descriptor we ended up with a block size of 12x12, 4x4 for the cells. Prior to the actual training we gathered face crops of the Annotated facial landmarks in the wild (AFLW) dataset [4]. As AFLW includes the coarse face pose we are able to retrieve about 28k frontal faces by limiting the yaw angle between ± π 6 and mirroring them. For each face we crop a square region between forehead and chin. The non-face patches are obtained by randomly sampling at multiple scales of the PASCAL VOC 2007 dataset, excluding the persons subset. 3
Developments in the field of allergy in 2010 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy (2011)

In 2010 over 200 articles were published in Clinical and Experimental Allergy including editorials, reviews, opinion articles, letters, book reviews and of course at the heart of the journal, papers containing original data which have moved the field of allergy forward on a number of fronts. For the third year running the editors felt it would be of value to summarize the key messages contained in these papers as a snapshot of where the cutting edge of research into allergic disease is leading. We have broadly followed the sections of the journal, although this year the mechanistic articles are grouped together and the studies involving experimental models of disease are discussed throughout the paper. In the field of asthma and rhinitis phenotypes and biomarkers continue to a major pre-occupation of our authors. There is continued interest in mechanisms of inflammation and disordered lung function with the mouse model of asthma continuing to offer new insights. There is also a steady flow of papers investigating new therapies, including those derived from plants and herbs, although many are mechanistic with too few high quality clinical trials. The mechanisms involved in allergic disease are well covered with many strong papers using clinical material to ask relevant questions. Pro-pre and snybiotics continue to be of major interest to our authors and this remains a controversial and complicated field. The discipline of epidemiology has retained its interest in risk factors for the development of allergic disease with a view to refining and debating the reasons for the allergy epidemic. There is continued interest in the relationship between helminthic disease and allergy with a new twist in 2010 involving studies using infection with helminths as a potential treatment. The genetics of allergic disease continues to be very productive, although the field has moved on from only investigating single nucleotide polymorphisms of candidate genes to Genome Wide Association Studies and an increasing and welcome emphasis on gene-environment interactions. In the field of clinical allergy there is steady flow of papers describing patterns of drug allergy with renewed interest in reactions to contrast media, but food allergy is the major area of interest in this section of the journal. Lastly in the field of allergens there is a growing interest in the role of component resolved diagnosis in improving the diagnosis and management of allergic disease. Another excellent year, full of fascinating and high quality work, which the journal has been proud to bring to the allergy community.
Mobile Laboratory with Rapid Response Instruments for Real-Time Measurements of Urban and Regional Trace Gas and Particulate Distributions and Emission Source Characteristics (2004)

Recent technological advances have allowed the development of robust, relatively compact, low power, rapid response (approximately 1 s) instruments with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to quantify many trace gases and aerosol particle components in the ambient atmosphere. Suites of such instruments can be deployed on mobile platforms to study atmospheric processes, map concentration distributions of atmospheric pollutants, and determine the composition and intensities of emission sources. A mobile laboratory containing innovative tunable infrared laser differential absorption spectroscopy (TILDAS) instruments to measure selected trace gas concentrations at sub parts-per-billion levels and an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) to measure size resolved distributions of the nonrefractory chemical components of fine airborne particles as well as selected commercial fast response instruments and position/velocity sensors is described. Examples of the range of measurement strategies that can be undertaken using this mobile laboratory are discussed, and samples of measurement data are presented.
Developing Fluorogenic RNA-Cleaving DNAzymes for Biosensing Applications (2012)

Deoxyribozymes (or DNAzymes) are single-stranded DNA molecules that have the ability to catalyze a chemical reaction. Currently, DNAzymes have to be isolated from random-sequence DNA libraries by a process known as in vitro selection (IVS) because no naturally occurring DNAzyme has been discovered. Several IVS studies have led to the isolation of many RNA-cleaving DNAzymes (RNase DNAzymes), which catalyze the transesterification of a phosphodiester linkage in an RNA substrate, resulting in its cleavage. An RNase DNAzyme and its substrate can be modified with a pair of donor and acceptor fluorophores (or a fluorophore and quencher pair) to create a fluorescence-signaling system (a signaling DNAzyme) where the RNA-cleaving activity of the DNAzyme is reported through the generation of a fluorescent signal. A signaling DNAzyme can be further coupled with an aptamer (a target-binding nucleic acid sequence) to generate a fluorogenic aptazyme in which the aptamer-target interaction confers an allosteric control of the coupled RNA-cleaving and fluorescence-signaling activity of the DNAzyme. Fluorogenic aptazymes can be exploited as valuable molecular tools for biosensing applications. In this chapter, we provide both a detailed description of methods for isolation of signaling DNAzymes by IVS and general approaches for rational engineering of fluorogenic aptazymes for target detection.
Lattice parameter in Si1−yCy epilayers: Deviation from Vegard’s rule (1998)

The precise C content of a series of Si1−yCy epilayer samples (0&amp;lt;y&amp;lt;0.012) was determined by resonant backscattering experiments using a He+4 ion beam at 5.72 MeV. This beam energy is more suitable for the determination of the C content than the previously used 4.265 MeV. From the correlation of these investigations with x-ray diffraction experiments, a significant deviation of the lattice parameter variation in Si1−yCy from Vegard’s rule between Si and diamond or β-SiC was observed, which amounts up to 30% or 13%, respectively, for y&amp;lt;0.012. This negative deviation is in agreement with recent theoretical predictions by Kelires.
Guidance, Navigation and Control of Multirobot Systems in Cooperative Cliff Climbing (2017)

The application of GNC devices on small robots is a game-changer that enables these robots to be mobile on low-gravity planetary surfaces and small bodies. Use of reaction wheels enables these robots to roll, hop, summersault and rest on precarious/sloped surfaces that would otherwise not be possible with conven-tional wheeled robots. We are extending this technology to enable robots to climb off-world canyons, cliffs and caves. A single robot may slip and fall, however, a multirobot system can work cooperatively by being interlinked using spring-tethers and work much like a team of mountaineers to systematically climb a slope. A multirobot system as we will show in this paper can climb sur-faces not possible with a single robot alone. We consider a team of four robots that are interlinked with tethers in an 'x' configuration. Each robot secures itself to a slope using spiny gripping actuators, and one by one each robot moves up-wards by crawling, rolling or hopping up the slope. If any one of the robots loses grip, slips or falls, the remaining robots will be holding it up as they are anchored. This distributed controls approach to cliff climbing enables the system to reconfigure itself where possible and avoid getting stuck at one hard to reach location. Instead, the risk is distributed and through close cooperation, the robots can identify multiple trajectories to climb a cliff or rugged surface. The benefits can also be realized on milligravity surfaces such as asteroids. Too fast a jump can result in the robot flying off the surface into space. Having multiple robots anchored to the surface keeps the entire system secure. Our work combines dynamics and control simulation to evaluate the feasibility of our approach. The simulation results show a promising pathway towards advanced development of this technology on a team of real robots.
Influence on the unbalance of three-phase voltage of bus brought by multi-tap arc suppression coil system (2014)

However, in practical use, the unbalance of the three-phase voltage of the 10 (20) kV bus is too large due to the unreasonable gear of the grounding transformer and unreasonable design of damp resistance. Alarming signal is even mistakenly sent. In the grid system with insulated neutral points, the neutral-point-to-ground offset voltage is generated due to the unequal phase-to-ground capacitance (caused by the arrangement of the lines). IN this paper we think that adjusting the tap changer of the grounding transformer can decrease the offset voltage caused by the incomplete conductor transposition. The validity of this method is proved through real cases.
Supplementary Methods from Robust Gene Expression Signature from Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Samples Predicts Prognosis of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 75K&lt;/p&gt;
Development of a Virtual Collision Sensor for Industrial Robots (2017)

Collision detection is a fundamental issue for the safety of a robotic cell. While several common methods require specific sensors or the knowledge of the robot dynamic model, the proposed solution is constituted by a virtual collision sensor for industrial manipulators, which requires as inputs only the motor currents measured by the standard sensors that equip a manipulator and the estimated currents provided by an internal dynamic model of the robot (i.e., the one used inside its controller), whose structure, parameters and accuracy are not known. The collision detection is achieved by comparing the absolute value of the current residue with a time-varying, positive-valued threshold function, including an estimate of the model error and a bias term, corresponding to the minimum collision torque to be detected. The value of such a term, defining the sensor sensitivity, can be simply imposed as constant, or automatically customized for a specific robotic application through a learning phase and a subsequent adaptation process, to achieve a more robust and faster collision detection, as well as the avoidance of any false collision warnings, even in case of slow variations of the robot behavior. Experimental results are provided to confirm the validity of the proposed solution, which is already adopted in some industrial scenarios.
Investigation of submillimeter-wave amplification in optically pumped molecular gases (1977)

The results are presented of measurements of the gain for certain emission lines of cw optically pumped submillimeter lasers utilizing HCOOH, CH3OH, C2H2F2, CH3I, and CD3I molecules. The gain was measured as a function of the intensity of the pump radiation, gas pressure, and polarization of the input signal. The degree of polarization anisotropy of the excited medium depended on the type of pumping transition. The largest gain, 3.15 dB/m, was obtained for the λ = 432.6μ transition in the HCOOH molecule.
Search for Potential Amoebicides II. Synthesis of Substituted (-Sulphazino) Quinolines (1974)

Department of Chemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow <em>Manuscript received 20 February 1973; revised 14 May 1974; accepted 23 July 1974</em> Search for Potential Amoebicides II. Synthesis of Substituted (-Sulphazino) Quinolines
Effects of Temperature and Various Red or Far-red Irradiations on Phytochrome- and Gibberellin A3-mediated Germination Control in Partially Hydrated Lettuce Seeds (1984)

Journal Article Effects of Temperature and Various Red or Far-red Irradiations on Phytochrome- and Gibberellin A3-mediated Germination Control in Partially Hydrated Lettuce Seeds Get access ANDREW I. HSIAO, ANDREW I. HSIAO 1Agriculture Canada, Research StationBox 440, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4P 3A2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar WILLIAM VIDAVER WILLIAM VIDAVER 2Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser UniversityBurnaby, B. C., Canada VSA IS6 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 35, Issue 12, December 1984, Pages 1771–1781, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/35.12.1771 Published: 01 December 1984 Article history Received: 04 April 1984 Published: 01 December 1984
Flow-through latch and edge-triggered flip-flop hybrid elements (2002)

This paper describes a hybrid latch-flipflop (HLFF) timing methodology aimed at a substantial reduction in latch latency and clock load. A common principle is employed to derive consistent latching structures for static logic, dynamic domino and self-resetting logic.
Approximation Algorithms for k-Anonymity (2005)

We consider the problem of releasing a table containing personal records, while ensuring individual privacy and maintaining data integrity to the extent possible. One of the techniques proposed in the literature is k-anonymization. A release is considered k-anonymous if the information corresponding to any individual in the release cannot be distinguished from that of at least k − 1 other individuals whose information also appears in the release. In order to achieve k-anonymization, some of the entries of the table are either suppressed or generalized (e.g. an Age value of 23 could be changed to the Age range 20-25). The goal is to lose as little information as possible while ensuring that the release is k-anonymous. This optimization problem is referred to as the k-Anonymity problem. We show that the k-Anonymity problem is NP-hard even when the attribute values are ternary and we are allowed only to suppress entries. On the positive side, we provide an O(k)-approximation algorithm for the problem. We also give improved positive results for the interesting cases with specific values of k — in particular, we give a 1.5-approximation algorithm for the special case of 2-Anonymity, and a 2-approximation algorithm for 3-Anonymity.