gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biodiesel production using manganese carbonate as catalyst in subcritical methanol (2015)

F (pinus pinaster pruning), agricultural (grapevine tree pruning) and industry (dealcoholized marc of grape) wastes can be considered as the main biomass sources for energy from the inland regions of Spain, the first being a typical waste from forest maintenance and timber harvesting and the others being typical wastes from unirrigated agriculture and distillery industry, respectively. Pruning of pine is made every five years (on average) with a production of around 5 tonnes per hectare, and pruning of grave pine is made yearly with a production of 0.83 tons per hectare. The production of marc of grape is around 0.14 kg/kg grape (on average). European and Spanish energy policies are encouraging the use of biomass for energy purposes, with three targets: economic and social development of the countryside, elimination of wastes and reduction of CO2 emissions. However, such policies have not been successful yet in Spain owing to uncertainties in the guarantee of provision of raw material, to fluctuations of the raw material prize and to administrative difficulties, leading to the discouragement of investors. In this frame, biomass gasification constitutes an attractive option, and an alternative to the combustion of biomass. The producer gas from gasification can be directly used in internal combustion engines for mechanical or electrical energy production. One of the main advantages of gasification is the possibility to install small, low-cost and efficient gasifierengine couples, which allows the biomass to be used close to source, and thus, the elimination of much of the storage and transportation costs. Additionally, the combination of short-run forestry and agricultural wastes for supplying power plants provides higher operation flexibility and minimizes the effect of seasonal supply variations. However, the gasifier design must be optimised as a function of the physical and thermo chemical parameters of the biomass, while the engine design must be optimised as a function of the producer gas composition. As a consequence, only where these compositions are substantially similar, the original biomass wastes can be used in a flexible supply system. The producer gas compositions obtained from the gasification of the above mentioned wastes in a circulating flow gasifier have been compared in order to determine whether these wastes can be used in combination or interchangeably in gasification systems. Experimental tests were carried out not only considering different fuels but also several operating conditions (equivalence biomass/air ratio, gasification temperature and type of gasifying agent (air, air/steam mixtures). J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl, 5:5 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2090-4541.S1.003
One-electron oxidation of metalloporphyrins (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOne-electron oxidation of metalloporphyrinsJ. H. Fuhrhop and David MauzerallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 15, 4174–4181Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01043a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1042Altmetric-Citations232LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (959 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Molecular weight dependence of segmental alignment in a sheared polymer melt: A deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance investigation (2002)

H 2 NMR quadrupole interaction spectroscopy has been used to measure the molecular weight dependence of poly(dimethylsiloxane) chain deformation under shear in a cylindrical Couette cell while NMR velocimetry has been used to directly measure shear rates. The signals were acquired from a perdeuterated benzene probe molecule, which provides a motionally averaged sampling of the entire segmental ensemble. We have measured the dependence on shear rate of the SXX (velocity), SYY (velocity gradient), and SZZ (vorticity) elements of the segmented alignment tensor, fitting the data using the standard Doi–Edwards theory and modified to allow for convected constraint release. Our results suggest that the tube disengagement times scale as molecular weight to the power 3.5±0.1, consistent with the usual 3.4 power law. Our velocimetry measurements indicate a reproducible and consistent slip occurring at high molecular weights (&amp;gt;1 M Dalton), a phenomenon which is independently observed in a lower than expected chain deformation.
Antidiabetic Action of a Liver X Receptor Agonist Mediated By Inhibition of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis (2003)

The oxysterol receptors LXR (liver X receptor)-alpha and LXRbeta are nuclear receptors that play a key role in regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. We found that LXRs also play a significant role in glucose metabolism. Treatment of diabetic rodents with the LXR agonist, T0901317, resulted in dramatic reduction of plasma glucose. In insulin-resistant Zucker (fa/fa) rats, T0901317 significantly improved insulin sensitivity. Activation of LXR did not induce robust adipogenesis but rather inhibited the expression of several genes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). Hepatic glucose output was dramatically reduced as a result of this regulation. Nuclear run-on studies indicated that transcriptional repression was primarily responsible for the inhibition of PEPCK by the LXR agonist. In addition, we show that the regulation of the liver gluconeogenic pathway by LXR agonists was a direct effect on hepatocytes. These data not only suggest that LXRs are novel targets for diabetes but also reveal an unanticipated role for these receptors, further linking lipid and glucose metabolism.
Overview of acute kidney manifestations and management of patients with COVID-19 (2021)

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, several manifestations of kidney involvement associated with infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus have been described, including proteinuria, hematuria, and acute kidney injury. A growing body of literature has explored the risk factors and pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury (AKI), including direct and indirect mechanisms, as well as early postdischarge outcomes that may result from various manifestations of kidney involvement. In this review, we explore the current state of knowledge of the epidemiology of COVID-19-associated AKI, potential mechanisms and pathogenesis of AKI, and various management strategies for patients in the acute setting. We highlight how kidney replacement therapy for patients with COVID-19-associated AKI has been affected by the increasing demand for dialysis and how the postacute management of patients, including outpatient follow-up, is vitally important. We also review what is presently known about long-term kidney outcomes after the initial recovery from COVID-19. We provide some guidance as to the management of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who are at risk for AKI as well as for future clinical research in the setting of COVID-19 and the significance of early identification of patients at highest risk for adverse kidney outcomes.
The rich club of the brain in bipolar disorder (2015)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
ON THE WORKLOAD PROCESS IN A FLUID QUEUE WITH A RESPONSIVE BURSTY INPUT AND SELECTIVE DISCARDING (2003)

We analyze a feedback system consisting of a finite buffer fluid queue and a responsive source. The source alternates between silence periods and active periods. At random epochs of times, the source becomes ready to send a burst of fluid. The length of the bursts (length of the active periods) are independent and identically distributed with some general distribution. The queue employs a threshold discarding policy in the sense that only those bursts at whose commencement epoch (the instant at which the source is ready to send) the workload (i.e., the amount of fluid in the buffer) is less than some preset threshold are accepted. If the burst is rejected then the source backs off from sending. We work within the framework of Poisson counter-driven stochastic differential equations and obtain the moment generating function and hence the probability density function of the stationary workload process. We then comment on the stability of this fluid queue. Our explicit characterizations will further provide useful insights and “engineering” guidelines for better network designing.
Supplementary Methods from Preclinical Efficacy of a PSMA-Targeted Thorium-227 Conjugate (PSMA-TTC), a Targeted Alpha Therapy for Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
CD-CNN: A Partially Supervised Cross-Domain Deep Learning Model for Urban Resident Recognition (2018)

Driven by the wave of urbanization in recent decades, the research topic about migrant behavior analysis draws great attention from both academia and the government. Nevertheless, subject to the cost of data collection and the lack of modeling methods, most of existing studies use only questionnaire surveys with sparse samples and non-individual level statistical data to achieve coarse-grained studies of migrant behaviors. In this paper, a partially supervised cross-domain deep learning model named CD-CNN is proposed for migrant/native recognition using mobile phone signaling data as behavioral features and questionnaire survey data as incomplete labels. Specifically, CD-CNN features in decomposing the mobile data into location domain and communication domain, and adopts a joint learning framework that combines two convolutional neural networks with a feature balancing scheme. Moreover, CD-CNN employs a three-step algorithm for training, in which the co-training step is of great value to partially supervised cross-domain learning. Comparative experiments on the city Wuxi demonstrate the high predictive power of CD-CNN. Two interesting applications further highlight the ability of CD-CNN for in-depth migrant behavioral analysis.
A Meta-Analysis of Wolbachia Transcriptomics Reveals a Stage-Specific Wolbachia Transcriptional Response Shared Across Different Hosts (2020)

<i>Wolbachia</i> is a genus containing obligate, intracellular endosymbionts with arthropod and nematode hosts. Numerous studies have identified differentially expressed transcripts in <i>Wolbachia</i> endosymbionts that potentially inform the biological interplay between these endosymbionts and their hosts, albeit with discordant results. Here, we re-analyze previously published <i>Wolbachia</i> RNA-Seq transcriptomics data sets using a single workflow consisting of the most up-to-date algorithms and techniques, with the aim of identifying trends or patterns in the pan-<i>Wolbachia</i> transcriptional response. We find that data from one of the early studies in filarial nematodes did not allow for robust conclusions about <i>Wolbachia</i> differential expression with these methods, suggesting the original interpretations should be reconsidered. Across datasets analyzed with this unified workflow, there is a general lack of global gene regulation with the exception of a weak transcriptional response resulting in the upregulation of ribosomal proteins in early larval stages. This weak response is observed across diverse <i>Wolbachia</i> strains from both nematode and insect hosts suggesting a potential pan-<i>Wolbachia</i> transcriptional response during host development that diverged more than 700 million years ago.
Adsorption of HSA, IgG and laminin-1 on model hydroxyapatite surfaces – effects of surface characteristics (2012)

Ellipsometry and mechanically assisted sodium dodecyl sulphate elution was utilized to study the adsorption of human serum albumin (HSA), human immunoglobulin G (IgG), and laminin-1, as well as competitive adsorption from a mixture of these proteins on spin-coated and sintered hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces, respectively. The HA surfaces were characterized with respect to wettability and roughness by means of water contact angles and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Both surface types were hydrophilic, and the average roughness (Sa) and surface enlargement (Sdr) were lower for the sintered compared to the spin-coated HA surfaces. The adsorbed amounts on the sintered HA increased as follows: HSA < laminin-1 < IgG < the protein mixture. For the competitive adsorption experiments, the adsorbed fractions increased accordingly: HSA < laminin-1 < IgG on both types of HA substratum. However, a higher relative amount of HSA and laminin-1 and a lower relative amount of IgG was found on the spin-coated surfaces compared to the sintered surfaces. The effects observed could be ascribed to differences in surface roughness and chemical composition between the two types of HA substratum, and could have an influence on selection of future implant surface coatings.
Probabilistic Model Development of Web Structure Formation in the Melt Blowing Process (2004)

A probabilistic modeling approach has been proposed to correlate motion of a filament to the web structural formation in single filament melt blowing. By treating fiber motion as a Markov process, a probabilistic space has been determined where fiber has a greatest chance of being present in the web structure and in its flight to the collection system. Based on the positional probabilities, a single fiber's motion space has been determined to be correlated to its diameter. Experimental data show that any process or material variable that leads to a variation in fiber diameter affects the lateral spread of fiber motion, and thereby web structure formation in a single filament melt blowing process.
Task Specific Information (2007)

We introduce the notion of task-specific information (TSI) to quantify the performance of imaging systems. We demonstrate the utility of TSI for evaluating the performance of conventional and projective imagers for a detection task.
Collector – addition point and consumption (2010)

One of the mining world's greatest challenges is to effectively use consumables (i.e. reagents and grinding media) to maximise metallurgical response, while minimising operating costs. This paper provides an example of a logical approach to achieve this. The current study, at Perilya's Broken Hill concentrator in the lead primary grinding/roughing circuits, examines the dependence of collector adsorption on E h. The data demonstrate that the addition of a xanthate collector during grinding can improve galena flotation. Further, operating the ball mill under a superior grinding chemistry regime can lead to significant reductions in collector consumption while maintaining or improving the metallurgical results.
Dependence of in‐cloud scavenging of polar organic aerosol compounds on the water solubility (2000)

In spring 1997 at the Sonnblick Observatory, located at 3106m elevation in the Austrian Alps, interstitial aerosol and cloud water samples were simultaneously collected in supercooled convective clouds. These samples were analyzed for their polar organic composition using a newly developed analytical method that allows the simultaneous determination of dicarboxylic acids, monocarboxylic acids, and other polar organic constituents. Using the obtained data set, in‐cloud scavenging efficiencies (ε) for individual polar organic compounds were calculated. For the different organic substances, scavenging efficiencies ranged from 0.16 to 0.98, compared with sulfate, which exhibited an average scavenging efficiency of 0.94. For dicarboxylic acids, scavenging efficiencies (average of about 0.8) were of the same order as for sulfate. Distinctly lower values (average of about 0.6) were achieved for polar aromatic compounds like phthalic acid or diisobutylphenol. The lowest scavenging efficiencies (average about 0.4) were found for alcohols and monocarboxylic acids. Thus we found in the Sonnblick cloud experiment that more polar organic aerosol constituents are more efficiently scavenged into cloud droplets than less polar compounds. In addition, the scavenging efficiencies exhibited a dependence on the solubilities of the examined compounds. For highly water soluble compounds (1–1000 g L −1 ) a decrease of the water solubility for an individual compound leads to a decrease in the scavenging efficiency for this compound. For “poorly soluble” substances with water solubilities below l g L −1 , a near‐constant value for the scavenging efficiency was found, indicating that their scavenging behavior is then dominated by the scavenging of the bulk noncarbonate carbon independent of the physical and chemical properties of the individual substances.
Adaptive Pulse Compression: Preliminary Experimental Measurements (2007)

Preliminary experimental results from the adaptive pulse compression (APC) test bed are presented. A recently proposed adaptive processing technique has been shown via simulation to improve upon current pulse compression techniques through a process known as reiterative minimum mean-square error estimation (RMMSE). The RMMSE technique forms the basis of the APC and the Multistatic APC (MAPC) algorithms. In this paper, we present experimental results demonstrating the feasibility of these approaches. Several polyphase waveforms have been implemented in an experimental test bed. Initial results show that small non-linearities in the waveform generation process have only a marginal impact on the estimation performance of the algorithms. A discussion of the APC test bed followed by experimental results demonstrating the performances of the APC and MAPC algorithms are presented. These initial experimental results indicate that the APC approach is able to successfully mitigate pulse-compression sidelobes on measured data, and that the MAPC algorithm can successfully mitigate both the mutual-interference from shared-spectrum radar signals and pulse compression sidelobes on measured data.
Influence of Educt Preparation on Gasification of Corn Silage in Supercritical Water (2005)

Supercritical water gasification of corn silage was investigated in a continuous down-flow reactor. The influence of potassium addition, particle diameter, maize sort, and dry matter content on the gasification efficiency and gas composition was discussed. The effect of potassium addition on the gasification of corn starch was compared with the effect of potassium addition in case of corn silage. Four different crushing units were used. The results obtained using each unit were discussed. Three corn silage with different maturity grades and two corn silage with different growing conditions were investigated. The dry organic matter was varied from 2.5 to 20 wt %. The gasification efficiency and gas composition depends on the biomass concentration. Plugging was observed at higher concentrations. Increase of the pressure inhibited and reduced plugging levels. The residence time was varied for a kinetic study. The gasification efficiency can be modeled with zero-order kinetics, but it is influenced by the concentration.
Laser-assisted Cleaning of GaAs Surfaces Prior to Metalorganic Vapour Phase Epitaxy (1989)

Low temperature Metalorganic Vapour Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) is critically dependent on the correct chemical and physical preparation of the substrate before growth. The major contaminants on GaAs substrate surfaces are oxygen, in the form of native oxides, and carbon. Chemical etching in 5H 2 SO 4 : 1H 2 O 2 : 1H 2 O (1) followed by thermal cleaning (annealing at 560-580°C) removes the oxygen but leaves carbon. Other techniques, such as plasma irradiation or ion bombardment (2), remove C and O but may introduce surface damage and change the surface stoichiometry. One technique which is employed for carbon removal in both Si (3) and III-Vs (4) is reactive etching in an ozone atmosphere. We have taken advantage of the fact that ArF excimer radiation can be used to decompose O 2 to yield O 3 to devise an in situ cleaning technique for GaAs substrates prior to MOVPE growth. We report here the results of an Auger study of the contaminant species and the effectiveness of their removal as a function of laser power and oxygen partial pressure.
The lethal(1)TW-6cs mutation of Drosophila melanogaster is a dominant antimorphic allele of nod and is associated with a single base change in the putative ATP-binding domain. (1991)

Abstract The l(1)TW-6cs mutation is a cold-sensitive recessive lethal mutation in Drosophila melanogaster, that affects both meiotic and mitotic chromosome segregation. We report the isolation of three revertants of this mutation. All three revert both the meiotic and mitotic effects as well as the cold sensitivity, demonstrating that all three phenotypes are due to a single lesion. We further show that these revertants fail to complement an amorphic allele of the nod (no distributive disjunction) locus, which encodes a kinesin-like protein. These experiments demonstrate that l(1)TW-6cs is an antimorphic allele of nod, and we rename it nodDTW. Sequencing of the nod locus on a nodDTW-bearing chromosome reveals a single base change in the putative ATP-binding region of the motor domain of nod. Recessive, loss-of-function mutations at the nod locus specifically disrupt the segregation of nonexchange chromosomes in female meiosis. We demonstrate that, at 23.5 degrees, the meiotic defects in nodDTW/+ females are similar to those observed in nod/nod females; that is, the segregation of nonexchange chromosomes is abnormal. However, in nodDTW/nodDTW females, or in nodDTW/+ females at 18 degrees, we observe a more severe meiotic defect that apparently affects the segregation of both exchange and nonexchange chromosomes. In addition, nodDTW homozygotes and hemizygous males have previously been shown to exhibit mitotic defects including somatic chromosome breakage and loss. We propose that the defective protein encoded by the nodDTW allele interferes with proper chromosome movement during both meiosis and mitosis, perhaps by binding irreversibly to microtubules.