gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of stray radiance in the High Altitude Observatory’s Skylab coronagraph (1977)

The stray radiance present in the field of view of the High Altitude Observatory's Skylab coronagraph has been measured from results obtained in orbit with two techniques. First, employing images of the lunar disk made near the time of solar eclipse, a comparison of the apparent contrasts recorded by the coronagraph of maria and highlands with those of previous studies, allows the determination of the magnitude of the stray radiance and its variation along a radius. Next, the azimuthal (position angle) variation was found through measurement of the change in the net radiance of a point in the coronal image, as the image (coronagraph) was rotated. From these measurements the stray radiance was found to be a maximum near the inner limit of the instrument field of view, variable in azimuth from 1.4 to 5.6 10(-9)B(O), where B(O) is the mean solar disk radiance. Further, the stray radiance was found to be a steep, decreasing function of distance along a radius, falling to a nearly uniform, azimuthally independent va ue of ~3.5 x 10(-10)B(O) in the outer field. In this latter region, the coronagraph stray radiance is well below a typical midtotality eclipse sky radiance of ~1.8 x 10(-9)B(O). Finally, the radiance of lunar maria and highlands (in units of 10(-10)B(O)) was determined to be 2.2 and 4.5, respectively, for the 30 June 1973 eclipse and 1.4 and 3.0, respectively, for the 24 December 1973 eclipse, in agreement with other observers.
Development and Testing of New multi-Layer Materials for Modern Engine Bearings: Part 1 - Copper-Tin Bonding and Intermediate Layers (1986)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Developments of diesel and gasoline engines in the last years demand for further improved bearing materials. The development of new bearing materials and their testing on test benches are presented.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For high performance aluminum three-layer bearings the introduction of a galvanically deposited CuSn-bonding layer instead of Ni as commonly used improved the emergency running properties and the service life.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Using the same CuSn-alloy as an intermediate layer between overlay and Ni-strike of conventional CuPb-three-layer bearings the service life of bearings in high powered engines could be improved.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The mentioned development variants have been developed to production stage.&lt;/div&gt;
Optimization of Benzoxazinones as Natural Herbicide Models by Lipophilicity Enhancement (2006)

Benzoxazinones are plant allelochemicals well-known for their phytotoxic activity and for taking part in the defense strategies of Gramineae, Ranunculaceae, and Scrophulariceae plants. These properties, in addition to the recently optimized methodologies for their large-scale isolation and synthesis, have made some derivatives of natural products, 2,4-dihydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3-(4H)-one (DIBOA) and its 7-methoxy analogue (DIMBOA), successful templates in the search for natural herbicide models. These new chemicals should be part of integrated methodologies for weed control. In ongoing research about the structure−activity relationships of benzoxazinones and the structural requirements for their phytotoxicity enhancement and after characterization of the optimal structural features, a new generation of chemicals with enhanced lipophilicity was developed. They were tested on selected standard target species and weeds in the search for the optimal aqueous solubility−lipophilicity rate for phytotoxicity. This physical parameter is known to be crucial in modern drug and agrochemical design strategies. The new compounds obtained in this way had interesting phytotoxicity profiles, empowering the phytotoxic effect of the starting benzoxazinone template in some cases. Quantitative structure−activity relationships were obtained by bioactivity−molecular parameters correlations. Because optimal lipophilicity values for phytotoxicity vary with the tested plant, these new derivatives constitute a more selective way to take advantage of benzoxazinone phytotoxic capabilities. Keywords: Allelochemicals; DIBOA; DIMBOA; D-DIBOA; lipophilicity; herbicides; SAR
In and out of the loop: external and internal modulation of the olivo-cerebellar loop (2013)

Cerebellar anatomy is known for its crystal like structure, where neurons and connections are precisely and repeatedly organized with minor variations across the Cerebellar Cortex. The olivo-cerebellar loop, denoting the connections between the Cerebellar cortex, Inferior Olive and Cerebellar Nuclei (CN), is also modularly organized to form what is known as the cerebellar module. In contrast to the relatively organized and static anatomy, the cerebellum is innervated by a wide variety of neuromodulator carrying axons that are heterogeneously distributed along the olivo-cerebellar loop, providing heterogeneity to the static structure. In this manuscript we review modulatory processes in the olivo-cerebellar loop. We start by discussing the relationship between neuromodulators and the animal behavioral states. This is followed with an overview of the cerebellar neuromodulatory signals and a short discussion of why and when the cerebellar activity should be modulated. We then devote a section for three types of neurons where we briefly review its properties and propose possible neuromodulation scenarios.
Transistor sine-waveLCoscillators. Some general considerations and new developments (1959)

The paper begins by showing that various well-known simple oscillator circuits, usually analysed separately, are essentially equivalent to one another if certain reasonable assumptions are made, and appreciation of this fact simplifies the design problem.A discussion follows concerning class-C oscillators and the difficulty of combining high efficiency with a satisfactory degree of independence of transistor parameters. The problem of avoiding squegging is also considered.A simple push-pull high-efficiency oscillator is then described, in which substantially constant current flows in each transistor for the whole of its 180° conduction angle. This oscillator is believed to possess a unique combination of desirable features.Another unusual high-efficiency oscillator is then presented, which is more elaborate than the previous one but which has advantages in certain respects.The paper ends with a description of an oscillator based on the ‘long-tailed-pair’ circuit. The oscillator is exceptionally easy to design and make, and is suitable for applications where high efficiency is not important. It can supply either a sine wave or a square wave, or both.
Prediction of reversible IgG1 aggregation occurring in a size exclusion chromatography column is enabled through a model based approach (2015)

One important aspect of antibody separation being studied today is aggregation, as this not only leads to a loss in yield, but aggregates can also be hazardous if injected into the body. The aim of this study was to determine whether the methodology applied in the previous study could be used to predict the aggregation of a different batch of IgG1, and to model the aggregation occurring in a SEC column. Aggregation was found to be reversible. The equilibrium parameter was found to be 272 M(-1) and the reaction kinetic parameter 1.33 × 10(-5) s(-1) , both within the 95% confidence interval of the results obtained in the previous work. The effective diffusivities were estimated to be 1.45 × 10(-13) and 1.90 10(-14) m(2) /s for the monomers and dimers, respectively. Good agreement was found between the new model and the chromatograms obtained in the SEC experiments. The model was also able to predict the decrease of dimers due to the dilution and separation in the SEC column during long retention times.
Integrating metagenomic binning with flux balance analysis to unravel syntrophies in anaerobic CO2 methanation (2022)

Our work investigated the interplay between five dominant species within the biofilm and showed their importance in a large spectrum of anaerobic biogas reactor samples. Flux balance analysis provided a deeper insight into the potential syntrophic interaction between species, especially Limnochordia sp. GSMM975 and Methanothermobacter wolfeii GSMM957. Finally, it suggested species interactions to be based on formate and amino acids exchanges. Video Abstract.
Anthanthrene as a large PAH building block for the synthesis of conjugated polymers (2015)

New anthanthrene-based conjugated polymers exhibiting promising optical and electronic properties for organic electronics applications were prepared from low-cost vat orange 3.
A Tympanal Hearing Organ in Scarab Beetles (1997)

We describe the paired hearing organ of the scarab beetle Euetheola humilis. The auditory structures of the beetle are typical of other insect ears in that they have a thinned tympanic membrane backed by a tracheal airsac with associated chordotonal sensory structures. The tympanic membranes of the beetle are part of its cervical membrane and are located behind the head, where the cervix attaches dorsally and laterally to the pronotum. Each membrane is approximately 3 microns thick. The chordotonal sensory organ, which lies within the tracheal airsac, contains 3-8 scolopidia that attach by accessory cells directly to the tympanic membrane. Neurophysiological recordings from the neck connective of the beetle revealed that the auditory system is sensitive to frequencies between 20 and 80 kHz and has a minimum threshold of approximately 58 dB at 45 kHz. The neurophysiological audiogram is identical to the behavioral audiogram for a head roll, one behavioral component of the beetle's startle response elicited by ultrasound. Blocking experiments show that the membranous structures on the cervix are indeed the hearing organs. Neurophysiologically determined thresholds increased by more than 35 dB when drops of water covered the tympanic membranes and were essentially restored to the control level when the water was later removed. At least three other genera of Dynastinae scarabs have similar tympanum-like structures located in their cervical membranes. Behavioral and neurophysiological data show that the frequency tuning of species in two of these genera, Cyclocephala and Dyscinetus, is nearly identical to that of E. humilis. Our discovery represents only the second group of beetles known to respond to airborne sounds. However, the hearing organs of these scarab beetles differ in structure and placement from those of the tiger beetles, and thus they represent an independent evolution of auditory organs in the Coleoptera.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SILVER(I) AND COPPER(I) COMPLEXES WITH NEUTRAL NITROGEN (N4) DONOR LIGANDS: X‐RAY CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF THE DIMER (AG2(μ‐(R)(S)‐1,2‐(PY‐2‐CH:N)2CY)2)(O3SCF3)2 AND PROTON, CARBON‐13, AND INEPT SILVER‐109 AND NITROGEN‐15 NMR SOLUTION STUDIES (1984)

Abstract Durch Reaktionen der wie aufgezeigt dargestellten neutralen vierzähnigen N‐Donatorliganden (III) mit äquimolaren Mengen der Metall(I)‐Salze werden die luft‐ und wasserstabilen sowie nicht lichtempfindlichen Komplexe (IV) erhalten.
Study of the transition beetween microhollow cathode discharge and microcathode sustained discharge in a 3-electrode system (2007)

International audience
Mucosal immunity and strategies for novel microbial vaccines (1994)

Infectious diseases continue to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increased awareness of the fact that mucosal membranes are the most frequent portals of entry of pathogenic microorganisms has prompted studies aimed at the development of vaccination protocols and antigen delivery systems that would lead to an increased protection of mucosae. Although systemic and strictly local immunizations are of limited effectiveness in the induction of mucosal protection, ingestion or inhalation of antigens results in a generalized immune response manifested by the appearance of specific antibodies of the secretory immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype in external secretions due to the dissemination of IgA precursor cells from IgA-inductive lymphoid tissues. Furthermore, additional inductive sites strategically positioned at the opening of the respiratory and digestive tracts may also be suitable targets for induction of immune responses at desired effector sites. To prevent degradation and the increase of ingested antigens absorption, novel strategies including enclosure of antigens into biodegradable microspheres, liposomes or their expression in viral and bacterial vectors and plants are currently being considered. Forthcoming technological advances in antigen preparation and routes of delivery will undoubtedly have a profound impact on immunization practices in the future.
Themed issue: Improve dissolution, solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs (2010)

Despite continued research efforts, poor aqueous solubility of active compounds remains a major problem in the design and formulation of medicines. Factors thought to contribute to the increasing number of poorly soluble new chemical entities (NCEs) include the increasing number of lipophilic drugs. These molecules, sometimes referred to as 'grease ball molecules', have low melting points and low water solubility, but have a relatively high solubility in lipophilic environments. A second issue compounding to this increasing number of low solubility NCEs is the trend for drugs to crystallize into very stable crystals with very high melting points (often over 20C). These drugs are often not particularly lipophilic, therefore neither dissolve in oils or water particularly well and are sometimes termed 'brick dust' molecules.
Identification of Candidate Polymorphisms on Stress Oxidative and DNA Damage Repair Genes Related with Clinical Outcome in Breast Cancer Patients (2012)

Diverse polymorphisms have been associated with the predisposition to develop cancer. On fewer occasions, they have been related to the evolution of the disease and to different responses to treatment. Previous studies of our group have associated polymorphisms on genes related to oxidative stress (rs3736729 on GCLC and rs207454 on XDH) and DNA damage repair (rs1052133 on OGG1) with a predisposition to develop breast cancer. In the present work, we have evaluated the hypothesis that these polymorphisms also play a role in a patient's survival. A population-based cohort study of 470 women diagnosed with primary breast cancer and a median follow up of 52.44 months was conducted to examine the disease-free and overall survival in rs3736729, rs207454 and rs1052133 genetic variants. Adjusted Cox regression analysis was used to that end. The Kaplan-Meier analysis shows that rs3736729 on GCLC presents a significant association with disease-free survival and overall survival. The polymorphisms rs1052133 on OGG1 and rs207454 on XDH show a trend of association with overall survival. The analysis based on hormonal receptor status revealed a stronger association. The CC genotype on rs207454 (XDH) was significantly associated with lower time of disease free survival (p = 0.024) in progesterone receptor negative (PGR-) patients and rs3736729 (GCLC) was significantly associated with disease free survival (p = 0.001) and overall survival (p = 0.012) in the subgroup of estrogen receptor negative (ER-) patients. This work suggests that unfavorable genetic variants in the rs207454 (XDH) and rs3736729 (GCLC) polymorphisms may act as predictors of the outcome in negative progesterone receptor and negative estrogen receptor breast cancer patients, respectively.
Monomeric, volatile bivalent amides of group IVBelements, M(NR12)2and M(NR1R2)2(MGe, Sn, or Pb; R1Me3Si, R2Me3C) (1974)

The reactions of SnCl2, PbCl2, or GeCl2, dioxan with LiNR12, OEt2 or LiNR1R2, OEt2 in Et2O at 0° yield the stable, monomeric, diamagnetic, coloured, volatile, hydrocarbon-soluble title compounds which are highly reactive.
Methods to overcome limited labeled data sets in machine learning-based optical critical dimension metrology (2021)

With the aggressive scaling of semiconductor devices, the increasing complexity of device structure coupled with tighter metrology error budget has driven up Optical Critical Dimension (OCD) time to solution to a critical point. Machine Learning (ML), thanks to its extremely fast turnaround, has been successfully applied in OCD metrology as an alternative solution to the conventional physical modeling. However, expensive and limited reference data or labeled data set necessary for ML to learn from often leads to under- or overlearning, limiting its wide adoption. In this paper, we explore techniques that utilize process information to supplement reference data and synergizing physical modeling with ML to prevent under- or overlearning. These techniques have been demonstrated to help overcome the constraint of limited reference data with use cases in challenging OCD metrology for advanced semiconductor nodes.
Assessment of Myocardial Fibrosis in Mice Using a T2*-Weighted 3D Radial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequence (2015)

Detailed ex vivo T2*-weighted signal analysis revealed a fast (T2*fast), slow (T2*slow) and lipid (T2*lipid) pool. T2*fast remained essentially constant. Infarct T2*slow decreased significantly, while a moderate decrease was observed in remote tissue in post-MI hearts and in TAC hearts. T2*slow correlated with the presence of diffuse fibrosis in TAC hearts (r = 0.82, P = 0.01). Ex vivo and in vivo subtraction images depicted a positive contrast in the infarct co-localizing with the scar. Infarct volumes from histology and subtraction images linearly correlated (r = 0.94, P<0.001). Region-of-interest analysis in the in vivo post-MI and TAC hearts revealed significant T2* shortening due to fibrosis, in agreement with the ex vivo results. However, in vivo contrast on subtraction images was rather poor, hampering a straightforward visual assessment of the spatial distribution of the fibrotic tissue.
Decacarbonyldimanganese (2009)

[10170-69-2] C10Mn2O10 (MW 389.98) InChI = 1S/10CO.2Mn/c10*1-2;; InChIKey = QFEOTYVTTQCYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (source of a wide range of manganese complexes; catalyst or cocatalyst for isomerization, oligomerization, radical coupling, etc.) Alternative Names: dimanganese decacarbonyl; manganese carbonyl. Physical Data: mp 154 °C; sublimes 80 °C/0.1 mmHg, 70 °C/0.05 mmHg. Solubility: insol H2O; mod sol common org solvents. Form Supplied in: yellow crystalline solid; widely available but expensive. Preparative Method: the most convenient laboratory synthesis is from tricarbonyl(η5-methylcyclopentadienyl)manganese by reduction with sodium/naphthalene under carbon monoxide to yield Sodium Pentacarbonylmanganate, acidification, and oxidation;1 highly efficient stirring is essential in the first stage for good yields, and incomplete oxidation or the loss of the volatile (toxic) intermediate HMn(CO)5 in the final stages must be carefully avoided. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: use in a fume hood; toxic, but not sufficiently volatile to present handling problems. May be stored indefinitely in a well-stoppered bottle at rt.
CHANGES IN TERTIARY STRUCTURE OF CALF‐LENS α‐CRYSTALLIN BY NEAR‐UV IRRADIATION: ROLE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (1984)

Abstract The effect of 300 nm irradiation on the three lens crystallins, α‐, β‐, and γ‐, was studied by using fluorescence and circular dichroism techniques. α‐Crystallin showed a pronounced change in tertiary structure as manifested in fluorescence and circular dichroism measurements. This finding is in agreement with our earlier findings that the tryptophan residues of α‐crystallin are more exposed than those of the other two crystallins. The results of studies using inhibitors specific for the different active species of oxygen suggest that H 2 O 2 ‐mediated damage is involved in the change of tertiary structure of the proteins. Analyses of circular dichroism spectra indicate that, upon irradiation, the secondary structure of α‐crystallin remains virtually unaltered, and that the change in tertiary structure results primarily from photoinduced damage to the tryptophan residues.
Physiological Integrity of Human Sperm in the Presence ofUreaplasma Urealyticum (1986)

Several species of Mycoplasma have been isolated from the human genital tract, the most common being M. hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. A causal relationship between such infections and sperm dysfunction and infertility has yet to be established. It was the purpose of this study to examine the effects of U. urealyticum infection on the function of sperm as assessed by seminal fluid analysis (SFA), in vitro penetration of bovine cervical mucus (BCMP), and the hamster sperm penetration assay (SPA). No significant differences were noted in the SFA of infected and uninfected samples, either fresh or frozen, fertile or infertile. In addition, no differences were noted in the BCMP or SPA. In sperm from U. urealyticum-infected individuals the basic physiological mechanisms underlying mucus penetration and ovum fertilization seem intact.
Trichomycins A and B:  Antibacterial Triterpenes from the New Species Tricholoma sp. AU1 (2005)

To new triterpenes, trichomycins A (1) and B (2), were purified from the new species Tricholoma sp. AU1 by activity-guided fractionation following their antibacterial activity. The two compounds were found to have a hitherto unreported triterpenoid skeleton. The structures and relative stereochemistry of 1 and 2 were determined through extensive 2D NMR spectroscopy, while the inhibitory activity of 1 and 2 against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria and a mammalian cell line was determined.
Potts model solver based on hybrid physical and digital architecture (2021)

Abstract The Potts model describes Ising-model-like interacting spin systems with multivalued spin component, and ground-state search problems of the Potts model can be efficiently mapped onto various integer optimization problems thanks to the rich expression of the multivalued spins. Here, we demonstrate a solver of this model based on hybrid computation using physical and digital architectures, wherein a digital computer updates the interaction matrices in the iterative calculations of the physical Ising-model solvers. This update of interactions corresponds to learning from the Ising solutions, which allows us to save resources when embedding a problem in a physical system. We experimentally solved integer optimization problems (graph coloring and graph clustering) with this hybrid architecture in which the physical solver consisted of coupled degenerate optical parametric oscillators.