gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Celebrating Women in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (2021)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTCelebrating Women in the Pharmaceutical SciencesLynne S. TaylorLynne S. TaylorMore by Lynne S. Taylorhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4568-6021, Christel A. S. BergströmChristel A. S. BergströmMore by Christel A. S. Bergströmhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-8917-2612, Afsaneh LavasanifarAfsaneh LavasanifarMore by Afsaneh Lavasanifarhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5108-7124, Feng QianFeng QianMore by Feng Qianhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-7415-6997, Raj SuryanarayananRaj SuryanarayananMore by Raj Suryanarayananhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-0575, and Kristofer J. ThurechtKristofer J. ThurechtMore by Kristofer J. Thurechthttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4100-3131Cite this: Mol. Pharmaceutics 2021, 18, 4, 1487–1490Publication Date (Web):March 8, 2021Publication History Published online8 March 2021Published inissue 5 April 2021https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01197https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01197editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © Published 2021 by American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views3844Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (627 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Cancer,Peptides and proteins,Pharmaceuticals,Supersaturation,Vaccination Get e-Alerts
Describing Stained Glass: The Corpus Vitrearum Archive in the National Buildings Record (1991)

With its roots in the evacuations of WWII and in post-war efforts to coordinate international indexing of stained glass, the Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi, a national photographic archive of medieval British stained glass, was established in 1981 at the National Buildings Record (NBR) maintained by the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England. The prinicipal aim of the Corpus Vitrearum is to publish all surviving European medieval (up to 1540) window glass, including material of European origin now in the USA and Canada. It is consulted by many non-specialists Catalogues follow a common format, employ an internationally recognized numbering system for windows and individual panels, and seek to authenticate medieval glass that has undergone extensive restoration As part of the National Buildings Record, the archive must not only reflect the priorities of the principal national repository for records of historic buildings, but must also develop within a framework determined for the organization as a whole. The NBR as a whole uses the Informix relational database running on multi-user the PC's using the Xenix (Unix-derived) operating system. Long term commitment to the oracle RDBMS, already used for archaeological applications, will make it possible for the basic index to be greatly enhanced Cooperation with an international CD-ROM pilot project is under active consideration
Optimized radar design parameters for synthetic aperture radar with limited swath (2018)

In areas of conflict around the globe, buried or obscured explosive hazards pose a frequent danger to both civilians and military personnel. Research in radar technology to preemptively detect these hazards has been ongoing for more than two decades. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is currently developing a low noise, ultra-wideband, spectrally-agile radar system to be implemented on an aerial platform. An airborne ground- penetrating radar (GPR) simulation was developed to aid future hardware design efforts. Measured antenna beam patterns are input into the simulation and used to calculate the antenna’s footprint on the ground. With the antenna footprint specified, resolution cells are created within the footprint based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) phenomenology. A 2D-Gaussian function is used to represent the main lobe of the antenna (which is derived from the 3-dB beam-width of the antenna in the E- and H-planes). The radar cross section (RCS) of each resolution cell is then found using a model for normalized clutter RCS, which incorporates the system geometry. Point-like and distributed targets can be inserted into the simulation by adjusting the RCS of specific resolution cells. Finally, these parameters are implemented in a signal model, and different waveforms can be simulated, and their peak side lobe level (PSLL) and integrated side lobe ratio (ISLR) can be compared.
Intel design for manufacturing and evolution of design rules (2008)

The difficult issues in continuing Moore's law with the lack of improvement in lithography resolution are well known.<sup>1, 2, 3</sup> Design rules have to change and DFM methodology has to continue to improve to enable Moore's law scaling. This paper will discuss our approach to DFM though co-optimization across design and process. The poly layer is used to show how rules have changed to meet patterning requirements and how co-optimization has been used to define the poly design rules. With the introduction and ramp of several products on our 45nm technology, we have shown our ability to meet the goals of Moore's law scaling at high yields in volume manufacturing on a two year cycle.
Dynamic Power Splitting for SWIPT With Nonlinear Energy Harvesting in Ergodic Fading Channel (2020)

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is very promising for various applications with the Internet of Things (IoT). In this article, we study dynamic power splitting for the SWIPT in an ergodic fading channel. Considering nonlinearity of practical energy harvesting (EH) circuits, we adopt the realistic nonlinear EH model rather than the idealistic linear EH model. To characterize the optimal rate-energy (R-E) tradeoff, we consider the problem of maximizing the R-E region, which is nonconvex. We solve this challenging problem for two different cases of the channel state information (CSI): 1) when the CSI is known only at the receiver (the CSIR case) and 2) when the CSI is known at both the transmitter and the receiver (the CSI case). For these two cases, we develop the corresponding optimal dynamic power-splitting schemes. To address the complexity issue, we also propose the suboptimal schemes with low complexities. Comparing the proposed schemes to the existing schemes, we provide various useful insights into the dynamic power splitting with nonlinear EH. Furthermore, we extend the analysis to the scenarios of the partial CSI at the transmitter and the harvested energy maximization. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed schemes significantly outperform the existing schemes and the proposed suboptimal scheme works very close to the optimal scheme at a much lower complexity.
Automatic Tracking Algorithm of Solar G-Band Bright Points (2013)

In this paper, we present an automatic tracking algorithm to study the evolution of G-band bright points (GBPs) in the solar photosphere. A data set of 142 G-band speckled images obtained with the Dutch Open Telescope (DOT) on October 19, 2005 is used. The LMD algorithm is used to identify the GBPS in every image of the sequence. A three dimensional space-time cube is adopted to track the isolated and nonisolated GBPs. The three dimensional cylindrical tubes stand for the isolated GBPs and the three dimensional coral-like structures stand for the nonisolated GBPs. They are labeled with 26-adjacent method. The algorithm is useful and efficient for observing the whole evolution process of GBPs. The lifetime distribution of GBPs is fitted with exponential function well. The maximum lifetime of isolated GBPs is only 20 minutes, but that of nonisolated GBPs can reach 70 minutes through the whole image sequence.
Crosstalk reduction in intersecting rib waveguides (1996)

A numerical study of the throughput and crosstalk in intersecting semiconductor rib waveguides was carried out using the beam propagation method. The fraction of the optical power that couples out of one input waveguide and into the crossed waveguide falls to below two percent for crossing angles greater than four degrees. A simple modification to the waveguide shape at the X-crossing region was found to reduce the crosstalk for crossing angles between four and ten degrees. The crosstalk to throughput ratio is reduced by up to a factor of nine while the throughput is reduced by, at most, a few percent. In device structures that combine X-crossings with curved waveguide sections this permits greater design flexibility and improved overall loss and crosstalk performance.
Cloning and Characterization of a Xenopus Poly(A) Polymerase (1995)

During oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis in Xenopus laevis, the translation of several mRNAs is regulated by cytoplasmic poly(A) elongation, a reaction catalyzed by poly(A) polymerase (PAP). We have cloned, sequenced, and examined several biochemical properties of a Xenopus PAP. This protein is 87% identical to the amino-terminal portion of bovine PAP, which catalyzes the nuclear polyadenylation reaction, but lacks a large region of the corresponding carboxy terminus, which contains the nuclear localization signal. When injected into oocytes, the Xenopus PAP remains concentrated in the cytoplasm, suggesting that it is a specifically cytoplasmic enzyme. Oocytes contain several PAP mRNA-related transcripts, and the levels of at least the one encoding the putative cytoplasmic enzyme are relatively constant in oocytes and early embryos but decline after blastulation. When expressed in bacteria and purified by affinity and MonoQ-Sepharose chromatography, the protein has enzymatic activity and adds poly(A) to a model substrate. Importantly, affinity-purified antibodies directed against Xenopus PAP inhibit cytoplasmic polyadenylation in egg extracts. These data suggest that the PAP described here could participate in cytoplasmic polyadenylation during Xenopus oocyte maturation.
Tiresias; The Mind of Man (1940)

Journal Article Tiresias; The Mind of Man Get access Tiresias. By R. N. Currey. Oxford University Press. 5s.The Mind of Man. By John Gawsworth. Richards, 1s. Herbert Palmer Herbert Palmer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar English: Journal of the English Association, Volume 3, Issue 15, Autumn 1940, Pages 144–145, https://doi.org/10.1093/english/3.15.144 Published: 01 October 1940
Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results (2017)

Abstract The ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) programme is directed towards physics input to critical elements of the ITER design and the preparation of ITER operation, as well as addressing physics issues for a future DEMO design. Since 2015, AUG is equipped with a new pair of 3-strap ICRF antennas, which were designed for a reduction of tungsten release during ICRF operation. As predicted, a factor two reduction on the ICRF-induced W plasma content could be achieved by the reduction of the sheath voltage at the antenna limiters via the compensation of the image currents of the central and side straps in the antenna frame. There are two main operational scenario lines in AUG. Experiments with low collisionality, which comprise current drive, ELM mitigation/suppression and fast ion physics, are mainly done with freshly boronized walls to reduce the tungsten influx at these high edge temperature conditions. Full ELM suppression and non-inductive operation up to a plasma current of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="false"> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="false"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.8</mml:mn> </mml:mstyle> </mml:math> MA could be obtained at low plasma density. Plasma exhaust is studied under conditions of high neutral divertor pressure and separatrix electron density, where a fresh boronization is not required. Substantial progress could be achieved for the understanding of the confinement degradation by strong D puffing and the improvement with nitrogen or carbon seeding. Inward/outward shifts of the electron density profile relative to the temperature profile effect the edge stability via the pressure profile changes and lead to improved/decreased pedestal performance. Seeding and D gas puffing are found to effect the core fueling via changes in a region of high density on the high field side (HFSHD). The integration of all above mentioned operational scenarios will be feasible and naturally obtained in a large device where the edge is more opaque for neutrals and higher plasma temperatures provide a lower collisionality. The combination of exhaust control with pellet fueling has been successfully demonstrated. High divertor enrichment values of nitrogen <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="false"> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="false"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mo>⩾</mml:mo> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mstyle> </mml:math> have been obtained during pellet injection, which is a prerequisite for the simultaneous achievement of good core plasma purity and high divertor radiation levels. Impurity accumulation observed in the all-metal AUG device caused by the strong neoclassical inward transport of tungsten in the pedestal is expected to be relieved by the higher neoclassical temperature screening in larger devices.
Encoding multiple outputs for improved column compaction (2002)

The authors introduce EP1, a new encoding problem where the objective is to find an encoding so that the binary logic function has a minimal number of outputs after column compaction. Whereas state assignment is restricted to functions which have only one multiple-valued output variable (the next state variable), EP1 is important for functions which have many multiple-valued output variables, for example, control stores and other components of finite state machines which often occupy large fractions of the total chip area. This is particularly useful in high-level synthesis, where datapath components can often be reallocated or resynthesized to accept arbitrary or near-arbitrary control codes. A heuristic solution to EP1 is given, and experimental results are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Controlled Release of H2S and NO through Air-Stimulated Anion Exchange (2019)

H2S and NO are gas molecules with physiological activities; solid materials that release these gases under safe and ubiquitous stimuli offer broad medical applications. Herein, we report solid materials that autonomously release ppm-level H2S or NO under air. HS− or NO2− incorporated in the interlayer of layered double hydroxide (LDH), a clay mineral, is protonated by CO2 and H2O, yielding H2S or HNO2. HNO2 generates NO through disproportionation or reduction. Moreover, another NO-release method employs solid mixtures of NO2−-incorporated LDH and FeSO4, wherein wet air triggers NO2− reduction with Fe2+ through anion exchange between NO2− and SO42−. A potential application of the air-stimulated gas release system is demonstrated by creating a portable and battery-free NO inhaler for emergency treatment of respiratory distress.
Amine-boranes as Dual-Purpose Reagents for Direct Amidation of Carboxylic Acids (2020)

Amine-boranes serve as dual-purpose reagents for direct amidation, activating aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids and, subsequently, delivering amines to provide the corresponding amides in up to 99% yields. Delivery of gaseous or low-boiling amines as their borane complexes provides a major advantage over existing methodologies. Utilizing amine-boranes containing borane incompatible functionalities allows for the preparation of functionalized amides. An intermolecular mechanism proceeding through a triacyloxyborane-amine complex is proposed.
Stability of CD off-target: analysis (2021)

Narrowed CD specifications coupled with very tight cycle time requirements have resulted in search for improvement opportunities in CD stability and tuning options for mask fabrication unit processes, including pattern generation, resist development and etch, which may yield narrower scattering band of CD off-target (CDO) of final products. Targeting models are already in productive use at AMTC, accounting for different mask and blank types, clear field, resist type, pattern type and many other parameters. This targeting model is static however, and changes in the CD performance of contributing factors must be adjusted manually when CD drift inevitably occurs. In the past, several approaches to introduce time-based corrections were pursued. Correction of step function of the resulting CDO caused by e.g. resist lot change is the easier task, due to the fact that such factors can be closely analyzed prior to productive use by test, and offset accounting for the individual factor can be introduced. More troubles cause factors, whose effects on CDO is smooth and can be observed as long-term drift in the CDO. The CD drift is frequently of very different origin and effects of several factors are overlapping in time. By measuring the final CD on the products, we can see only the ‘envelope’ of all the effects. To target such factors, we need to identify their root cause and ideally an easy-to-monitor indicator. In this paper we show an analysis approach to identify the most significant and vital indicators to process bias. Analysis of production data covering several manufacturing steps including metrology over more than three years was performed. Using machine learning methods, a “big data” set is reduced, and the most appropriate model is selected using statistical methods. Criteria for selection of factors were significance level in analysis of variance and the distribution of residuals was used for model comparison. Based on these factors a model of the etch contribution to the CD was established, describing the variation of the etch process for a virtual mask with constant clear field, resist sensitivity and absorber composition and thickness. This model is based on the process data collected at the etch process during processing of each mask processed with the same recipe. Monitoring this time trend of the “modelled etch bias” gives very fast feedback about the stability of the etch process and evolution of the etch contribution to CD. This data is used to trigger appropriate corrective actions to further stabilize the manufacturing process.
Optimized Lifting Scheme Based on A Dynamical Fully Connected Network for Image Coding (2020)

Wavelet decompositions based on lifting schemes have been widely used in image coding. Generally, the efficiency of such compression methods strongly depends on the design of the lifting operators, namely the prediction and update filters. To improve their performance, we propose in this paper to optimize these filters by resorting to two learning strategies. In the first one, classical Fully Connected Networks (FCNs) are exploited to perform the prediction and update. In the second approach, we develop an adaptive learning method that takes into account the input image, yielding a dynamical model of FCN. Experimental results, carried out on the standard Challenge Learned Image Compression (CLIC) dataset, show the benefits that can be drawn from the proposed approaches compared to conventional ones.
Synthesis of Polystyrenes−Poly(alkyl methacrylates) Block Copolymers via Anionic Polymerization Using an Integrated Flow Microreactor System (2010)

The polystyrene living polymer end, which was produced by butyllithium initiated anionic polymerization of styrene in a flow microreactor system was found to be effectively trapped with 1,1-diphenylethylene. The resulting organolithium species could be used as a macro initiator for anionic polymerization of alkyl methacrylates to obtain styrene−alkyl methacrylate diblock copolymers using an integrated flow microreactor system. A high level of control of molecular weight was achieved at easily accessible temperatures such as +24 to −28 °C by virtue of the fast mixing, fast heat transfer, and residence time control. Triblock copolymers were also synthesized by sequential introduction of styrene and two different alkyl methacrylates in a similar manner.
Parathyroid surgery in chronic renal insufficiency. Subtotal parathyroidectomy versus total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation to the forearm. (1982)

During the period 1970 to 1980 48 parathyroidectomies were performed in 46 patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Thirty patients underwent 31 subtotal parathyroidectomies and 17 patients underwent total parathyroidectomy with parathyroid autotransplantation to the forearm. Ten patients were on conservative renal treatment, 26 were on chronic haemodialysis and 12 had functioning kidney transplants at the time of parathyroid surgery. The indication for parathyroidectomy were clinical symptoms such as pruritus, bone and joint pain, neuromuscular disorders and radiological skeletal abnormalities pointing to hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Hypercalcaemia was present in 38 patients. The clinical symptoms and radiological findings were favourably affected by parathyroid surgery but vascular calcification was not affected by the operation in any of the patients. Normocalcaemia was achieved after surgery in all patients except one, who had residual parathyroid tissue in the neck. Vitamin D substitution was required in about 30% of the patients regardless of the type of operation that was performed. Recurrent HPT occurred in 9% with similar rates after both types of surgery. However, recurrence was more easily managed after a total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation to the forearm than after a subtotal parathyroidectomy.
Addition of a chiral non-racemic silyloxypyrrole to an activated 1,4-benzoquinone (2002)

The uncatalyzed addition of enantiopure silyloxypyrrole 3 to 2-carbomethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone 4 in acetonitrile at ambient temperature afforded pyrrolidinonobenzofuran adducts 5 and 6 in low yield. The two adducts were separated by flash chromatography and the structures of these diastereomers were determined using high field NMR spectroscopy combined with molecular modelling studies. The work reported herein provides the first example of the annulation of a 1,4-benzoquinone with a chiral non-racemic silyloxypyrrole.
An Affordable, Customizable, and Highly Sensitive Metasurface-Based Refractive Index Sensor (2019)

We demonstrate a compact, metasurface-based sensor. Techno-economic analysis predicts a ~$2,400 device capable of detecting changes in the refractive index of a liquid of ~2*10−8; prototype demonstrates 820% change in transmittance per refractive index unit.