gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) as a central regulator of the protective immune response against Giardia (2017)

The protozoan parasite Giardia is a highly prevalent intestinal pathogen with a wide host range. Data obtained in mice, cattle and humans revealed the importance of IL-17A in the development of a protective immune response against Giardia. The aim of this study was to further unravel the protective effector mechanisms triggered by IL-17A following G. muris infection in mice, by an RNA-sequencing approach. C57BL/6 WT and C57BL/6 IL-17RA KO mice were orally infected with G. muris cysts. Three weeks post infection, intestinal tissue samples were collected for RNA-sequencing, with samples from uninfected C57BL/6 WT and C57BL/6 IL-17RA KO animals serving as negative controls. Differential expression analysis showed that G. muris infection evoked the transcriptional upregulation of a wide array of genes, mainly in animals with competent IL-17RA signaling. IL-17RA signaling induced the production of various antimicrobial peptides, such as angiogenin 4 and α- and β-defensins and regulated complement activation through mannose-binding lectin 2. The expression of the receptor that regulates the secretion of IgA into the intestinal lumen, the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, was also dependent on IL-17RA signaling. Interestingly, the transcriptome data showed for the first time the involvement of the circadian clock in the host response following Giardia infection.
Vitamin D Metabolism in Preterm Infants (1987)

Perinatal metabolism of vitamin D was studied in premature babies with the aim of: (1) reporting the relationship between the pregnant mother and her preterm infant and the metabolism of vitamin D during the first weeks of life, and (2) assessing the effect of vitamin D metabolites on phosphorus calcium and magnesium intestinal absorption. There was only a positive correlation between plasma cord calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the mother's plasma levels at birth. During the hypocalcemic episode observed during the first week of life, vitamin D activation did occur, but later on rickets or osteomalacia cannot be due to the low levels of vitamin D metabolites in the preterm receiving an adequate dose of vitamin D (1,000-1,200 IU of D2). Calcitriol, the major metabolite of vitamin D, is acting on the intestine and promotes calcium absorption even in very tiny prematures. The pathogenesis of hypomineralization in the preterm infant is due to the low intake of calcium or phosphorus and/or poor absorption of calcium in the case of vitamin D deficiency.
Frequency tuning of homoclinic chaos in an infrared laser with an osmium tetroxide intracavity saturable absorber (1995)

Dynamical behaviors of a CO2 laser system with an OsO4 intracavity saturable absorber have been experimentally investigated, with the gain in the CO2 medium and the detuning between laser operation frequency and absorber transition frequency being used as control parameters. The use of this detuning as a meaningful control parameter has been possible because of the simple spectroscopic structure of the OsO4 saturable absorber. The analysis of the experimental data, performed by means of Poincaré sections and return maps, has revealed chaotic sceneries that were predicted by theory but not yet demonstrated in experiments. Complete phase diagrams of the laser operation have been obtained at two different absorber pressures, and they could be useful in future theoretical analyses.
Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Properties of Nitric Oxide-Releasing Xerogels and Silica Nanoparticles (2019)

Indwelling medical devices continue to be plagued by the body's response to foreign materials and the ever-present threat of microbial infection. Endogenously-produced nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to play beneficial roles in both wound healing and the body's defense against infection. To exploit NO's favorable properties for biomaterials applications, previous studies have detailed the synthesis of xerogel polymers and silica nanoparticles capable of storing and releasing NO via diazeniumdiolate NO-donors. Here, the ability of NO-releasing materials to reduce bacterial adhesion under flow conditions, modulate the foreign body response, and kill microbial pathogens is described. To more thoroughly characterize the antibacterial properties of NO-releasing xerogels, studies were conducted with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a parallel plate flow cell. Xerogels modified to release NO reduced bacterial adhesion in a flux-dependent manner, with a NO flux of circa 21 pmol.cm-2.s-1 inhibiting P. aeruginosa adhesion by 65percent compared to controls. Fluorescent viability probes indicated that bacteria adhered to NO-releasing xerogels were killed within 7 h of adhesion. In terms of tissue biocompatibility, the foreign body response was studied in an animal model at the site of subcutaneous implants coated with NO-releasing xerogels. Implant-derived NO reduced capsule thickness and the chronic inflammatory response by 50 and 30 percent, respectively, compared to controls. Additionally, 77 percent more blood vessels were observed in proximity to NO-releasing implants after 1 week compared to controls. Along with their ability to reduce bacterial adhesion and mitigate the foreign body response, NO-releasing materials may prove useful for treating infections due to the broadspectrum antimicrobial properties of NO. Recently, silica nanoparticles have been developed that release micromolar quantities of NO, and here the efficacy of such nanoparticles was examined against both planktonic and biofilm-based pathogens. Comparison of the antibacterial activity of NO-releasing 45 mol percent AHAP3/TEOS nanoparticles to the small molecule NO donor PROLI/NO demonstrated greater bactericidal efficacy of nanoparticle-derived NO and reduced cytotoxicity to mammalian fibroblasts. Treatment of gramnegative, gram-positive, and fungal biofilms with 70 mol percent MAP3/TEOS silica nanoparticles killed greater than 99 percent of biofilm-based cells for each species tested, with the greatest efficacy (greater than 99.999% killing) against gram-negative biofilms.
New Nonlinear Optical Crystal Cesium Lithium Borate (1995)

A new nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal, CsLiB6O10 (CLBO) has been discovered. CLBO can quadruple and quintuple the Nd:YAG laser output. Large CLBO crystal with dimensions 13×12×10 cm3 could be grown in twelve days.
Elective PTCA of totally occluded coronary arteries not associated with acute myocardial infarction; short-term and long-term results (1985)

Of 652 consecutive patients referred for coronary angioplasty between September 1980 and March 1984, 49 patients presented with total or functional 'occlusion' of the involved vessel. Total vessel occlusion was defined as absent anterograde filling beyond the lesion. Functional occlusion was defined as faint, late anterograde opacification of the distal segment in the absence of a discernible luminal continuity. In 39 patients, the total or functional occlusion represented a progression, without acute myocardial infarction, of a previously diagnosed stenotic lesion. The maximal potential duration of occlusion was estimated to be 4 weeks or less in 21 patients, more than 4 to 8 weeks in 12, and more than 8 weeks in 16. Dilation of the occluded artery was attempted in the left anterior descending coronary artery in 30 patients, in the right coronary artery in 8, in the circumflex coronary in 7 and in 4 jumpgrafts. For the whole group, angioplasty was successful in 28 patients (57%). The primary success rate with the functionally occluded vessel (81%) was significantly higher than with the total occlusion (45%). In 33 patients with an occlusion estimated to be of 8 weeks or less, angioplasty was successful in 65%. In the 16 patients with an occlusion estimated to be of 8 weeks or less, angioplasty was successful in 65%. In the 16 patients with an occlusion estimated to be of more than 8 weeks duration, dilation was successful in 44%. Of the 21 patients in whom angioplasty was unsuccessful, 11 required surgery (1 urgent with persistent pain and ST elevation and 10 elective). Ten patients were maintained on medical treatment. Of the 28 patients in whom angioplasty was successful, 10 patients had recurrence of symptoms during follow-up (1-42 months). Four were kept on medical therapy, three required bypass surgery and three underwent repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). After primary success, late angiographic studies obtained in 20 out of 28 patients showed reocclusion in 8. In conclusion, elective PTCA of totally occluded coronary arteries is feasible but the primary success rate is lower (57%) than that associated with conventional lesions. The long-term clinical results following successful angioplasty are satisfactory (64%), but the incidence of reocclusion is higher (40%).
supplemental figure legend from OX40<sup>+</sup> Regulatory T Cells in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Suppress Effector T-Cell Responses and Associate with Metastatic Potential (2023)

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Anomalous Increase in Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity by Certain Nitric Oxide‐Generating Compounds in Intact Neuronal Cells (1995)

It has been shown that nitric oxide (NO) regulates NO synthase (NOS) activity through negative feedback in cytosolic enzyme preparations in various cell types. We compared the effects of the NO-generating compounds S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on NOS activity in intact neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells and in the cytosol obtained from the same cells. Enzyme activity was measured by the conversion of L-[3H]arginine into L-[3H]citrulline. At concentrations that elicit almost complete inhibition of NOS activity in cytosolic enzyme preparations of these cells, SIN-1 and SNP did not cause significant attenuation of enzyme activity measured at 45 min in intact cells. It is surprising that SIN-1 and SNP markedly stimulated L-[3H]citrulline formation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner when cells were incubated with the compounds for > 1.5 h. Neither inhibitory nor stimulatory effects of SNAP on NOS were observed in intact N1E-115 cells. This is in contrast to the inhibitory effects of SNAP in cytosolic preparations of the enzyme. The increased NOS activity by SIN-1 or SNP in intact cells was dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+, suggesting that it might be due to increased Ca2+ influx. On the other hand, measurements of the activity of lactate dehydrogenase showed that there was no generalized increase in cell permeability in response to SIN-1 or SNP. There was no agreement in the rank order of potencies of these compounds in activating guanylate cyclase and in affecting NOS activity, both in broken-cell preparations and in intact cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dynamic OCE measurement of the biomechanical properties of gelatin phantom and mouse corneain vivo (2013)

Here we demonstrate our use of phase stabilized swept-source optical coherence elastography (PhS-SSOCE) to assess elastic wave propagation in gelatin phantoms. From these measurements, Young’s moduli of the samples were determined. Low-amplitude (&lt;10&mu;m) mechanical waves were introduced using a focused air pulse on gelatin of different concentrations. Elastic wave amplitude and velocity were measured at multiple points on the phantom surface using a phase-resolved method. The results demonstrate that this method is capable of resolving very small changes in wave amplitude (~ 10 nm) as well as differences in wave velocity due to material stiffness. We further demonstrate use of this method for measurements with a contact lens, a silicone eye model and with the eye of an 18-month-old mouse <i>in vivo</i>. This non-destructive, non-invasive measurement system produces minimal tissue excitation and has high measurement sensitivity. These traits make this make this method useful for <i>in vivo</i> study of the biomechanical properties of ocular and other tissues.
Noncovalent Enzyme Nanogels via a Photocleavable Linkage (2022)

Enzyme nanogels (ENGs) offer a convenient method to protect therapeutic proteins from in vivo stressors. Current methodologies to prepare ENGs rely on either covalent modification of surface residues or the noncovalent assembly of monomers at the protein surface. In this study, we report a new method for the preparation of noncovalent ENGs that utilizes a heterobifunctional, photocleavable monomer as a hybrid approach. Initial covalent modification with this monomer established a polymerizable handle at the protein surface, followed by radical polymerization with poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate crosslinker in solution. Final photoirradiation cleaved the linkage between the polymer and protein to afford the noncovalent ENGs. The enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) was utilized as a model protein yielding well-defined nanogels 80 nm in size by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and 76 nm by atomic force microscopy. The stability of PAL after exposure to trypsin or low pH was assessed and was found to be more stable in the noncovalent nanogel compared to PAL alone. This approach may be useful for the stabilization of active enzymes.
The synthesis and chemistry of DL-Indoline-2-carboxylic acid (1967)

Indole-2-carboxamide is reduced by phosphonium iodide and fuming hydriodic acid to DL-indoline-2-carboxamide, hydrolysis of which readily gives indoline-2-carboxylic acid. The chemistry of this new amino acid and some of its derivatives has been explored. Benzimidazole-2-carboxamide is inert to phosphonium iodide/hydriodic acid.
Regulation of Gastrointestinal Lipase Gene Expression by Dietary Lipids (2018)

This chapter focuses on the enzymes responsible for triglyceride lipolysis and the effects of dietary triacylglycerol on lipolytic activity, with emphasis on the adaptation of pancreatic lipase to dietary lipid intake. It discusses effects of other dietary components, as well as neural or hormonal control of lipases and describes the mechanisms of pancreatic lipase and colipase adaptation to dietary lipids. Preduodenal lipases are acid enzymes, which may work in extreme pH conditions. With the major mechanical steps of physical-chemical behavior of fat during duodenal digestion understood, it is possible to describe more accurately the sequential levels of dietary lipid digestion. An important role for gastric lipolysis is to prepare triacylglycerols for further intraduodenal digestion. In physiological conditions, pancreatic levels of lipase are significantly higher than those required to ensure complete digestion of dietary triglycerides. Prepyloric lipases can hydrolyze a variety of lipid substrates including milk fat globule triacylglycerols.
Nested Newness, Institutional Innovation, and the Gendered Limits of Change (2014)

Opportunities for innovation are created by broad restructuring processes and by the chance to be in at the start of new or substantially revised political institutions. These intuitions have animated the efforts of women's movement activists and their allies in processes of political transition and constitutional or institutional “engineering” (and reengineering) with the aim of embedding gender rights and freedoms (Banaszak, Beckwith, and Rucht 2003; Dobrowolsky and Hart 2003). Institutional theory supports these intuitions. Reformers—including feminist change agents—may take advantage of the “permissive” stage of institutional creation. By successfully intervening to insert new actors, new values, and new rules into new institutions, reformers may profoundly influence the future developments of an institution (Goodin 1996; Pierson 2004). By “locking in” elements that promote gender equality and gender justice at the stage of institutional design, the goal is to set off fledgling institutions along progressive paths, thus counteracting historic gender bias and gendered power imbalances found in most traditional political institutions.
Synthesis of Corroles Bearing up to Three Different Meso Substituents. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Identification and Quantification of Diadenosine Polyphosphate Concentrations in Human Plasma (2003)

The presence of diadenosine polyphosphates in physiologically relevant concentrations in human plasma was demonstrated. Because in adrenal venous plasma significantly higher diadenosine polyphosphate concentrations were measured than in plasma from the infrarenal and suprarenal vena cava, it can be assumed that, beside platelets, the adrenal medulla may be a source of plasma diadenosine polyphosphates in humans.
Removal of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater Using Wood Fly Ash as a Low‐Cost Sorbent (2010)

Abstract In this study, untreated and treated wood fly ash (WA) was used as a low‐cost sorbent in batch sorption tests to investigate the removal of organic pollutants from a real wastewater generated by cleaning/washing of machinery in a wood‐laminate floor industry in Sweden. The experiments focused on the effect of the WA dosage and particle size on the removal efficiency for organic compounds. With a WA dosage of 160 g L −1 and a particle size less than 1 mm, the reductions of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biologic oxygen demand, and total organic carbon were 37 ± 0.4, 24 ± 0.4, and 30 ± 0.3%, respectively. Pre‐treatment of WA with hot water improved the COD removal efficiency by absorption from 37 ± 0.4 to 42 ± 1.6% when the same dosage (160 g L −1 ) was applied. Sorption isotherm and sorption kinetics for COD using untreated WA can be explained by Freundlich isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models. Intra‐particle diffusion model indicates that pore diffusion is not the rate‐limiting step for COD removal. Based on the experimental data, WA could be used as an alternative low‐cost sorption media/filter for removal of organic compounds from real industrial wastewater.
Consecutive Tandem Cycloaddition between Nitriles and Azides; Synthesis of 5-Amino-1H-[1,2,3]-triazoles (2012)

Novel 5-amino-1H-1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized by a new synthetic route that involves consecutive tandem cycloaddition between nitriles and azides.
The contribution of intracellular calcium stores to mEPSCs recorded in layer II neurones of rat barrel cortex (2002)

Loading slices of rat barrel cortex with 50 microM BAPTA-AM while recording from pyramidal cells in layer II induces a marked reduction in both the frequency and amplitudes of mEPSCs. These changes are due to a presynaptic action. Blocking the refilling of Ca(2+) stores with 20 microM cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a SERCA pump inhibitor, in conjunction with neuronal depolarisation to activate Ca(2+) stores, results in a similar reduction of mEPSCs to that observed with BAPTA-AM, indicating that the source for intracellular Ca(2+) is the endoplasmic reticulum. Block or activation of ryanodine receptors by 20 microM ryanodine or 10 mM caffeine, respectively, shows that a significant proportion of mEPSCs are caused by Ca(2+) release from ryanodine stores. Blocking IP(3) receptors with 14 microM 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2APB) also reduces the frequency and amplitude of mEPSCs, indicating the involvement of IP(3) stores in the generation of mEPSCs. Activation of group I metabotropic receptors with 20 microM (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) results in a significant increase in the frequency of mEPSCs, further supporting the role of IP(3) receptors and indicating a role of group I metabotropic receptors in causing transmitter release. Statistical evidence is presented for Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) from ryanodine stores after the spontaneous opening of IP(3) stores.
Three-Dimensional Light Bullets in Arrays of Waveguides (2010)

We report the first experimental observation of three-dimensional light bullets, excited by femtosecond pulses in a system featuring quasi-instantaneous cubic nonlinearity and a periodic, transversally modulated refractive index. Stringent evidence of the excitation of light bullets is based on time-gated images and spectra which perfectly match our numerical simulations. Furthermore, we reveal a novel evolution mechanism forcing the light bullets to follow varying dispersion or diffraction conditions, until they leave their existence range and decay.
Spalatum – ager Salonitanus? A contribution to the understanding of the property law status of the coastal region of Split peninsula in pre-Diocletian period (2012)

U prilogu se tumaci pojava toponima Spalatum na jugozapadnoj obali danasnjega Splitskog poluotoka. Preddioklecijansko ime, nastalo neovisno o carskoj palaci kao imenodavcu, etimoloski je vezano uz vrijeme prvotne dodjele poluotoka salonitanskim kolonistima kada je on premjeren i razdijeljen u centurije. Iskljuciva uporaba toga toponima za ovo podrucje objasnjava se pravilima rimske agrimenzorske prakse. Posebna pozornost posvecena je reguliranju limitacije u slucajevima kada je lokalna topografija uzrokovala sraz između zadanosti terena i nacela pravilnoga premjeravanja zemlje. Iz regularne limitacije i dodjele zemljista iz tehnickih su razloga ispustane dvije kategorije zemljista: ono koje se zbog vlastite topografije nije moglo uobliciti u pravilnu centuriju i ono koje je bilo nekvalitetno. Obje kategorije ulazile su u takozvani ius subsecivorum. U spomenutome se smislu centurije na kojima je konstruirana Dioklecijanova palaca sasvim primjereno uklapaju u subseciva. Takva zemljista kontinuirano su ostajala u državnome vlasnistvu. Nastoji se dokazati da je za gradnju carske rezidencije odabrana lokacija koja je od pocetka potpadala pod ius subsecivorum, tj. bila je državno (poslije carsko) zemljiste. Njegova separatnost u tome smislu zasigurno je determinirala pridijeljen mu toponim Palatum (Spalatum), diferencijalno ga određujuci spram susjednih predijalnih toponima na posjedima u privatnome vlasnistvu.
Microdamage and apoptosis (2005)

Microdamage of healthy bone leads to targeted removal and repair of the damage. This process must involve the production of specific targeting signals. The identity of these signals is unknown but constitutes a legitimate research goal since it is this targeting process which appears to become impaired in ageing and disease. Here we discuss the potential role of the matrix bound osteocyte in the sensing and targeting of microdamage. In particular we will review current understanding concerning the apoptotic death of osteocytes at sites of microdamage and discuss the potential physiological significance of these findings in the light of knowledge of the significance of apoptosis in other cell systems.
STUDIES ON OESTROGEN METABOLISM IN NEW-BORN BOYS (1957)

Characteristic physiological and histological changes in the new-born, such as the witches' milk, the epithelial metaplasia of the prostate (Aschoff, 1894, Schlachta, 1904) as well as the condition known at present as the crise genitale du nouveau-né (e.g. Courrier, 1945), were attributed by Halban as early as 1904 to the action of placental hormones (»aktive Schwangerschaftssubstansen«). That these changes were indeed due to oestrogenic stimulation and/or oestrogen withdrawal was later demonstrated i. a. by Scharpey-Schafer & Zuckerman (1940-41) and by Courrier (1945). Oestrogenic activity in the urine of new-born babies was first demonstrated by Philipp (1929), Zondek (1931), and Brühl (1929). The first systematic study involving the separate estimation of oestrone, oestradiol-17β and oestriol appears to be that of Lelong et al. (1947). Using a colorimetric method of assay, these workers found a very high concentration of oestrogen in the urine collected during the first few days of life. According