gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DBD Plasma Actuators for Flow Control in Air Vehicles and Jet Engines-Simulation of Flight Conditions in Test Chambers by Density Matching (2011)

Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Plasma actuators for active flow control in aircraft and jet engines need to be tested in the laboratory to characterize their performance at flight operating conditions. DBD plasma actuators generate a wall-jet electronically by creating weakly ionized plasma, therefore their performance is affected by gas discharge properties, which, in turn, depend on the pressure and temperature at the actuator placement location. Characterization of actuators is initially performed in a laboratory chamber without external flow. The pressure and temperature at the actuator flight operation conditions need to be simultaneously set in the chamber. A simplified approach is desired. It is assumed that the plasma discharge depends only on the gas density, while other temperature effects are assumed to be negligible. Therefore, tests can be performed at room temperature with chamber pressure set to yield the same density as in operating flight conditions. The needed chamber pressures are shown for altitude flight of an air vehicle and for jet engines at sea-level takeoff and altitude cruise conditions. Atmospheric flight conditions are calculated from standard atmosphere with and without shock waves. The engine data was obtained from four generic engine models; 300-, 150-, and 50-passenger (PAX) aircraft engines, and a military jet-fighter engine. The static and total pressure, temperature, and density distributions along the engine were calculated for sea-level takeoff and for altitude cruise conditions. The corresponding chamber pressures needed to test the actuators were calculated. The results show that, to simulate engine component flows at in-flight conditions, plasma actuator should be tested over a wide range of pressures. For the four model engines the range is from 12.4 to 0.03 atm, depending on the placement of the actuator in the engine. For example, if a DBD plasma actuator is to be placed at the compressor exit of a 300 PAX engine, it has to be tested at 12.4 atm for takeoff, and 6 atm for cruise conditions. If it is to be placed at the low-pressure turbine, it has to be tested at 0.5 and 0.2 atm, respectively. These results have implications for the feasibility and design of DBD plasma actuators for jet engine flow control applications. In addition, the distributions of unit Reynolds number, Mach number, and velocity along the engine are provided. The engine models are non-proprietary and this information can be used for evaluation of other types of actuators and for other purposes.
Electrochemical Switching with 3D DNA Tetrahedral Nanostructures Self-Assembled at Gold Electrodes (2014)

Nanomechanical switching of functional three-dimensional (3D) DNA nanostructures is crucial for nanobiotechnological applications such as nanorobotics or self-regulating sensor and actuator devices. Here, DNA tetrahedral nanostructures self-assembled onto gold electrodes were shown to undergo the electronically addressable nanoswitching due to their mechanical reconfiguration upon external chemical stimuli. That enables construction of robust surface-tethered electronic nanodevices based on 3D DNA tetrahedra. One edge of the tetrahedron contained a partially self-complementary region with a stem-loop hairpin structure, reconfigurable upon hybridization to a complementary DNA (stimulus DNA) sequence. A non-intercalative ferrocene (Fc) redox label was attached to the reconfigurable tetrahedron edge in such a way that reconfiguration of this edge changed the distance between the electrode and Fc.
The PI3K inhibitor copanlisib synergizes with sorafenib to induce cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (2018)

Sorafenib is a systemic treatment with established clinical benefit for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in advanced-stage disease; however chemoresistance and eventually disease progression occur almost invariably during treatment. Since activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is thought to contribute to determine resistance to sorafenib, we evaluated in vitro the effects of combined treatment with sorafenib and copanlisib, an AKT inhibitor recently approved for clinical employment.
Broadcasting in time-division duplexing: A random linear network coding approach (2009)

We study random linear network coding for broadcasting in time division duplexing channels. We assume a packet erasure channel with nodes that cannot transmit and receive information simultaneously. The sender transmits coded data packets back-to-back before stopping to wait for the receivers to acknowledge the number of degrees of freedom, if any, that are required to decode correctly the information. We study the mean time to complete the transmission of a block of packets to all receivers. We also present a bound on the number of stops to wait for acknowledgement in order to complete transmission with probability at least 1 - epsiv, for any epsiv > 0. We present analysis and numerical results showing that our scheme outperforms optimal scheduling policies for broadcast, in terms of the mean completion time. We provide a simple heuristic to compute the number of coded packets to be sent before stopping that achieves close to optimal performance with the advantage of a considerable reduction in the search time.
Structure Study of Cellulose Fibers Wet-Spun from Environmentally Friendly NaOH/Urea Aqueous Solutions (2007)

In this study, structure changes of regenerated cellulose fibers wet-spun from a cotton linter pulp (degree of polymerization approximately 620) solution in an NaOH/urea solvent under different conditions were investigated by simultaneous synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). WAXD results indicated that the increase in flow rate during spinning produced a better crystal orientation and a higher degree of crystallinity, whereas a 2-fold increase in draw ratio only affected the crystal orientation. When coagulated in a H2SO4/Na2SO4 aqueous solution at 15 degrees C, the regenerated fibers exhibited the highest crystallinity and a crystal orientation comparable to that of commercial rayon fibers by the viscose method. SAXS patterns exhibited a pair of meridional maxima in all regenerated cellulose fibers, indicating the existence of a lamellar structure. A fibrillar superstructure was observed only at higher flow rates (>20 m/min). The conformation of cellulose molecules in NaOH/urea aqueous solution was also investigated by static and dynamic light scattering. It was found that cellulose chains formed aggregates with a radius of gyration, Rg, of about 232 nm and an apparent hydrodynamic radius, Rh, of about 172 nm. The NaOH/urea solvent system is low-cost and environmentally friendly, which may offer an alternative route to replace more hazardous existing methods for the production of regenerated cellulose fibers.
Low-Temperature Diesel Additives from Extracted Oil (2010)

Under funding from the Waste Management Research Center, now called the Illinois Sustainable Technology Center (ISTC), and the U.S. Department of Energy, the Energy &amp; Environmental Research Center conceived of, verified, and optimized a two-step ozonolysis process on the bench scale for production of high-value chemicals derived from glycerol and cold-weather biodiesel additive derived from biodiesel. The first step of the process, which oxidizes glycerol into high-value chemicals, shows high conversion selectivity to valuable glyoxal in aqueous solution, based on limited tests. A by-product of this step consists of short-chain oxygenated carboxylic acids present as glyceryl esters. These acid by-products include glycolic acid, which is valuable in the cosmetics industry and as a raw material for production of biodegradable polymers. The glyceryl esters could be transesterified for recovery of the acids as methyl esters and the glycerol portion of the ester recycled for further conversion. The second step of the process yields a product with improved cold-weather properties relative to biodiesel. However, when the product is blended with biodiesel at ratios less than approximately 1:2, minimal effect on cloud point or pour point is observed. A brief economic assessment of the process suggests that the as-designed process would not be economical on a large scale. The process was designed inefficiently and could possibly be made economical with a better plant design. However, the expected selling price for the additive product from the second step would prohibit its use as a cold-weather biodiesel, and the process can only be made economical if the biodiesel ozonolysis step is removed.
Formation of the Tooth-Bone Interface (2009)

Not only are teeth essential for mastication, but also missing teeth are considered a social handicap due to speech and aesthetic problems, with a resulting high impact on emotional well-being. Several treatment procedures are currently available for tooth replacement with mostly inert prosthetic materials and implants. Natural tooth substitution based on copying the developmental process of tooth formation is particularly challenging and creates a rapidly developing area of molecular dentistry. In any approach, functional interactions among the tooth, the surrounding bone, and the periodontium must be established. Therefore, recent research in craniofacial genetics searches for mechanisms responsible for correct cell and tissue interactions, not only within a specific structure, but also in the context of supporting structures. A tooth crown that is not functionally anchored to roots and bone is useless. This review aims to summarize the developmental and tissue homeostatic aspects of the tooth-bone interface, from the initial patterning toward tooth eruption and lifelong interactions between the tooth and its surrounding alveolar bone.
Gene dose-dependent atrial arrhythmias, heart block, and brady-cardiomyopathy in mice overexpressing A3 adenosine receptors (2004)

Heart-directed overexpression of A(3)AR resulted in gene dose-dependent AV block and pronounced sinus nodal dysfunction in vivo. Profound bradycardia heralded atrial and ventricular dilatation, dysfunction, and fibrosis. In contrast to A(1) adenosine receptors (A(1)AR), the effects of A(3)AR overexpression were attenuated during exercise. This may have implications for the physiology of sinus nodal regulation and for therapeutic attempts to increase the expression of adenosine receptors.
Transformed human cells release different fibronectin variants than do normal cells. (1986)

Fibronectin molecules are dimers composed of subunits whose primary structures may differ. This is due to alternative splicing in at least two regions (ED and IIICS) of the pre-mRNA. Using two monoclonal antibodies specific for two different epitopes of domain 5 (high affinity for heparin), we have quantitatively analyzed the expression of the IIICS sequence in human fibronectins from different sources. The results demonstrated that the percentage of fibronectin subunits containing the IIICS is higher in fibronectins from tumor-derived or simian virus 40-transformed human cells than in fibronectins from human plasma or normal human fibroblasts. Furthermore, we observed that 45-65% of fibronectin subunits from transformed cells or normal embryonic fibroblasts are sialylated on the heparin-binding domain 5, whereas this occurs in only 24-28% of fibronectin subunits from normal adult fibroblasts. On the contrary, no sialylation was observed on domain 5 in fibronectin from human plasma.
Effect of High-pressure Treatment on Polyphenoloxidase Activity of the Agaricus Bisporus Mushroom (2002)

High pressure treatments (100-500 Mpa/4 °C/10 min) were carried out on freshly sliced mushrooms ( Agaricus bisporus ) and on liquid extract. Pressure above 200 MPa led to respiratory activity loss, significant enzymatic browning and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activation in treated mushrooms. Increasing pressure from 200 to 500 MPa enhanced the PPO activation (in whole tissue and in liquid extract). Stabilization of mushroom by high-pressure (HP) alone cannot be considered. A combination of HP with thermal or chemical treatments is found necessary.
Regulatory actors and alternative routes for Arabidopsis seed germination are revealed using a pathway‐based analysis of transcriptomic datasets (2019)

Regulation of seed germination by dormancy relies on a complex network of transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications during seed imbibition that controls seed adaptive responses to environmental cues. High-throughput technologies have brought significant progress in the understanding of this phenomenon and have led to identify major regulators of seed germination, mostly by studying the behaviour of highly differentially expressed genes. However, the actual models of transcriptome analysis cannot catch additive effects of small variations of gene expression in individual signalling or metabolic pathways, which are also likely to control germination. Therefore, the comprehension of the molecular mechanism regulating germination is still incomplete and to gain knowledge about this process we have developed a pathway-based analysis of transcriptomic Arabidopsis datasets, to identify regulatory actors of seed germination. The method allowed quantifying the level of deregulation of a wide range of pathways in dormant versus non-dormant seeds. Clustering pathway deregulation scores of germinating and dormant seed samples permitted the identification of mechanisms involved in seed germination such as RNA transport or vitamin B6 metabolism, for example. Using this method, which was validated by metabolomics analysis, we also demonstrated that Col and Cvi seeds follow different metabolic routes for completing germination, demonstrating the genetic plasticity of this process. We finally provided an extensive basis of analysed transcriptomic datasets that will allow further identification of mechanisms controlling seed germination.
A Social Query Model for Decentralized Search (2008)

Decentralized search by routing queries over a network is fast emerging as an important research problem, with potential applications in social search as well as peer-to-peer networks [17, 18]. In this paper, we introduce a novel Social Query Model (SQM) for decentralized search, which factors in realistic elements such as expertise levels and response rates of nodes, and has the Pagerank model and certain Markov Decision Processes as special cases. In the context of the model, we establish the existence of a query routing policy that is simultaneously optimal for all nodes, in that no subset of nodes will jointly have any incentive to use a different local routing policy. For computing the optimal policy, we present an efficient distributed approximation algorithm that is almost linear in the number of edges in the network. Extensive experiments on both simulated random graphs and real small-world networks demonstrate the potential of our model and the effectiveness of the proposed routing algorithm. 1.
Selective Transfer Technology for Microdevice Distribution (2008)

We have developed a generic cost-efficient CMOS-compatible heterogeneous device integration method at wafer-scale level. This method enables the distribution of devices from one to numerous wafers using selective transfer technology. We have applied this method for the distribution of atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers and successfully demonstrated the population of multiple wafers from one source wafer. The distribution function has been designed such as to populate 42 wafers with only one source wafer. This CMOS back-end-of-the-line compatible method is particularly suitable for microelectromechanical systems and integrated circuits. Electrical interconnects are compatible with this technology. We present the concept, the selective transfer method, including a laser ablation technique used for the transfer, as well as the process and results of the application for AFM cantilever distribution.
Advanced GDI Injector Control with Extended Dynamic Range (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Considering the world-wide market for GDI engines, the introduction of tighter polluting emission legislation, additional costs, vehicle fuel economy and pollutants reduction become substantial drivers. Focusing on particulate reduction, direct injection gasoline engines require advanced combustion strategies. The main levers used are injection splitting in order to reduce wall impingement (due to lower penetration) and higher rail pressure level to reduce droplet size. To reach this target it is necessary to improve precision in term of injected quantity in the small quantity region with high fuel rail pressure and during the actuation of multiple injections. As a consequence of the requirements of high quantities at full load, known GDI solenoid injectors show an unacceptable spread in terms of small injected quantity when the energizing time is small such that the injector works in the ballistic zone. Following these premises an electronic approach is needed. New hardware and software solutions should be integrated into the ECU in order to match the new injectors performance requirements. This paper presents two different strategies developed by Magneti Marelli: the first one is based on rail pressure measurement, the second one is based on injector electric signal analysis. Results in terms of correction of injected quantity using Magneti Marelli solenoid injectors are presented. The developed strategies demonstrate the possibility to work with multiple small injections at high pressure without changing injector hardware.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Mechanisms of Anthraquinone Inhibition of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (1999)

Abstract This paper presents evidence that anthraquinone derivatives can be generally useful for preventing sulfide production from sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). We believe there is unique value for these compounds in oilfield and industrial applications where cost-effectiveness and human and environmental safety are of paramount importance. It has been previously shown that anthraquinones inhibit sulfate respiration, but not aerobic respirations. This aspect permits safe use in wastewater treatment applications where aerobic microbial activity is required. We propose that this specificity is due to the ability of anthraquinones to randomly equilibrate electron flow in the membranes of bacteria of the genus Desulfovibrio. A consequence of this equilibration is that ATP synthesis is uncoupled from respiration. Since sulfate activation has a unique requirement for ATP, sulfate reduction halts with the depletion of ATP level. In this report a positive correlation is shown between inhibition of sulfate respiration by anthraquinones and their reactivity with cytochrome c3, which is a protein considered to be diagnostic of SRB. A model is discussed for involving anthraquinone mediated electron transfer around energy-conserving sites, resulting in a loss of ATP synthesis. This scenario is consistent with the specific inhibition of sulfate respiration in contrast to other respiration processes which do not require ATP. Inhibition of SRB within a biofilm is dependent upon the species of the anthraquinone and the system hydraulics surrounding the biofilm. Bioavailability of anthraquinone is discussed in terms of soluble and insoluble species of anthraquinone and their mobility within the biofilm. Due to low toxicity, we believe that certain anthraquinones provide an environmentally acceptable alternative to highly toxic biocides for the control of SRB in oilfield water systems.
Facile Intramolecular O→C Ester Migration in Benzylphosphonium Salts (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTFacile Intramolecular O→C Ester Migration in Benzylphosphonium SaltsPeter Nussbaumer and Melitta BilbanView Author Information NOVARTIS Research Institute, Brunnerstrasse 59, A-1235 Vienna, Austria [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 22, 7660–7662Publication Date (Web):October 11, 2000Publication History Received10 April 2000Published online11 October 2000Published inissue 1 November 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo000532yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo000532ybrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views529Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Cations,Organic reactions,Oxides,Salts Get e-Alerts
Additional file 1: of Babesia microti from humans and ticks hold a genomic signature of strong population structure in the United States (2016)

Supplementary Information. (DOCX 1525 kb)
Self-organizing tool for smart design with predictive customer needs and wants to realize Industry 4.0 (2016)

Following the first three industrial revolutions, Industry 4.0 (I4) aims at realizing mass customization at a mass production cost. Currently, however, there is a lack of smart analytics tools for achieving such a goal. This paper investigates this issues and then develops a predictive analytics framework integrating cloud computing, big data analysis, business informatics, communication technologies, and digital industrial production systems. Computational intelligence in the form of a self-organizing map (SOM) is used to manage relevant big data for feeding potential customer needs and wants to smart designs for targeted productivity and customized mass production. The selection of patterns from big data with SOM helps with clustering and with the selection of optimal attributes. A car customization case study shows that the SOM is able to assign new clusters when growing knowledge of customer needs and wants. The self-organizing tool offers a number of features suitable to smart design that is required in realizing Industry 4.0.
Fibrinopeptide a increases after Chorionic villus sampling (1987)

Fibrinopeptide levels were measured in 20 women during transcervical chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Fibrinopeptide A, a sensitive indicator of fibrinogen cleavage by thrombin, significantly increased in five subjects, whereas there was no change in B beta peptide, an indicator of fibrinolysis. The data suggest that modest fibrin formation, uncompensated by fibrinolysis, may be induced in some women by CVS.