gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone Cell Survival in Microgravity: Evidence that Modeled Microgravity Increases Osteoblast Sensitivity to Apoptogens (2004)

Studies were performed to evaluate the effects of modeled microgravity on the induction of osteoblast apoptosis. MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells were cultured in alginate carriers in the NASA-approved high aspect ratio vessel (HARV). This system subjects the cells to a time-averaged gravitational field (vector-averaged gravity) to simulate low gravity conditions. Cells were cultured in the HARV for five days, and then examined for apoptosis. In simulated microgravity, the cells remained vital, although analysis of expressed genes indicated that there was loss of the mature osteoblast phenotype. Additionally, we noted that there was a loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, a low level of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, as well as Akt protein, and the redox status of the cells was disturbed. All of these parameters indicated that vector-averaged gravity disrupts mitochondrial function, thereby sensitizing osteoblasts to apoptosis. We then used a challenge assay to evaluate the apoptotic sensitivity of the cells subjected to vector-averaged gravity. When challenged with staurosporine, cells subjected to vector-averaged gravity evidenced elevated levels of cell death relative to control cell populations. Another objective of the study was to improve upon conventional carriers by using alginate encapsulation to support cells in the HARV. We have demonstrated that the alginate carrier system affords a more robust system than surface-seeded carriers. This new system has the advantage of shielding cells from mechanical damage and fluid shear stresses on cells in the HARV, permitting carefully controlled studies of the effects of vector-averaged gravity.
Infertility and Pregnancy Loss (2022)

This entry provides an overview of health communication research surrounding infertility and pregnancy loss. Although infertility and pregnancy loss are relatively common, they are socially complex phenomena. Those who experience infertility and/or pregnancy loss must navigate not only their loss and grief but also privacy management, disclosure of their diagnosis, and seeking social support. This entry covers aspects of interpersonal communication, clinician–patient communication, and public discourse surrounding infertility and miscarriage. This entry suggests that future research should include better representation of ethnic/racial minorities, low‐income populations, and LGBTQ+ communities, given the reproductive health disparities and the unique challenges faced by individuals in these groups. Future research should also examine how religious and cultural expectations of fertility, loss, motherhood, and grief affect how people discuss and cope with infertility/miscarriage.
<title>Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for discovering and scoring single-base differences in DNA</title> (1999)

Information about DNA sequence variation is increasingly being recognized as an important tool in the analysis of many diseases and in the development of diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is suggested as a new, potentially powerful method for detection and identification of single base differences in double stranded DNA fragments. Enhanced Raman signal is originated from nucleotides that are in direct contact with SERS active metal surface. Aromatic rings in double stranded perfectly matched DNA are hydrogen bonded and do not interact with the metal. In the case of an insertion, deletion or base mismatch, hydrogen bonding is disrupted and an open region is formed. Raman scattering from base pairs in this region undergoes an enhancement resulting in SERS spectrum. Model experiments were performed with 209 base pairs DNA fragment containing one mismatch and adsorbed on electrochemically roughened silver surface. A fragment of the same length but without mismatch was used as a control. No spectra were obtained from the control adsorbed on the SERS substrate, whereas the sample with one mismatch yielded a distinct SERS spectrum. It is believed that all bands in the spectrum correspond to the mismatched base pair and bases from the closest environment around the mismatch.
Performance comparison of a GaN GIT and a Si IGBT for high-speed drive applications (2014)

GaN power switches enable better switching characteristics compared to state-of-the-art power transistors that are widely used today. Due to their lower switching losses, GaN switches may lead to new horizons in key application areas of power electronics such as photovoltaic converters, high-speed electrical drives and contactless power transfer. However, this technology has not yet diffused fully into the industry. Therefore, today only limited experimental data is available on those switches. In this paper, a synchronous buck converter is designed using two 600 V, 15 A GaN GIT switches developed by Panasonic. Guidelines for an optimum PCB layout are given. Both electrical and calorimetric power loss measurements are shown. Finally, a comparison is made between the GIT and a similarly rated Si IGBT for high-speed electrical drive applications where the higher switching frequencies enabled by the use of GaN is shown to reduce the rotor losses in two typical types (slotted and slotless stator) of high-speed permanent-magnet electric machines.
Targeting of the B-lineage leukemia stem cells and their progeny with norcantharidin encapsulated liposomes modified with a novel CD19 monoclonal antibody 2E8in vitro (2010)

This study was aimed to generate a new agent, norcantharidin (NCTD) encapsulated liposomes modified with a novel murine anti-human CD19 monoclonal antibody 2E8 (2E8–NCTD–liposomes), to specifically target the B-lineage leukemia stem cells (B-LSCs) and their progeny in vitro. Our results have shown that the positive percentage of 2E8–NCTD–liposomes on CD19+ Nalm-6 cells was (95.82 ± 1.09)%, significantly higher than that on CD19- Molt-3 cells [(2.94 ± 0.07)%, P<0.01], demonstrated by using multiparameter flow cytometry. The IC50 of 2E8–NCTD–liposomes on Nalm-6 cells using MTT assay was 14.52 µM, which was significantly lower than that on Molt-3 cells (45.89 µM, P < 0.01). The confocal microscopy and multiparameter flow cytometry analyses revealed that the internalization of 2E8–NCTD–liposomes into the cells and subsequently the release of NCTD into the cytoplasm to induce the apoptosis of B cells were responsible for specific cytotoxicity to the cells targeted. Real-time RT-PCR showed that the immunoliposomes were able to induce the apoptosis of B-LSCs via down-regulating the HLF and up-regulating the NFIL3 (nuclear factor, IL3 regulated) expressions at the mRNA level. Our conclusion is that 2E8–NCTD–liposome is a promising agent for selectively eradicating the B-LSCs and their progeny in vitro which warrants further studies in vivo.
The Measurement, Instrumentation and Sensors Handbook on CD-ROM (1999)

This product is a concise and useful reference for industrial engineers, scientists, designers, managers, research personnel and students. It covers an extensive range of topics that encompass the subject of measurement, instrumentation, and sensors.The Measurement Instrumentation and Sensors Handbook on CD-ROM provides easy access to the instrumentation and techniques for practical measurements required in engineering, physics, chemistry, and the life sciences.
Heat transfer analysis around melting pool for predicting solidification microstructures of direct energy deposition additive manufacturing process (2018)

Recently solidification process of additive manufacturing (AM) is simulated by using various methods. But most of them requires temperature distribution as an input. In this study, heat transfer analysis is performed to simulate the temperature distribution for direct energy deposition (DED), a kind of AM process for metal. In DED process, powder is supplied at the same time as laser scan. Applying a field variable to switch the state of before or after deposition, we successfully simulate the powder supply. Temperature distributions obtained in this study shows good relationship with experimental results for all three cases.
Solid state NMR as a tool for the study of molecular spring (2007)

Congrès du 09.09.2007 au 13.09.2007
Supplementary Table S3 from Combined Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics and microRNA Expression Analysis of Breast Cancer Unravel Molecular Differences with Clinical Implications (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S3. List of proteins differentially expressed between ER+ and TNBC samples.&lt;/p&gt;
Separation of both the Bbeta- and the gamma-polypeptide chains of human fibrinogen into two main types which differ in sialic acid content (1978)

The gamma- and Bbeta-polypeptide chains of purified human fibrinogen have each been resolved into two major species: gammaL and gammaR and BbetaL and BbetaR. These molecular variants, separable on CM-cellulose, differ from each other in sialic acid content: approximately 2 residues of sialic acid per molecule of polypeptide chain for the L species to 1 residue of sialic acid per molecule for the R species. The two types of each polypeptide are demonstrable in preparations of fibrinogen from single donors as well as in pooled fibrinogen. The L and R forms of the gamma chains or the Bbeta chains do not differ in their electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, suggesting that they are similar in molecular weight. They are also indistinguishable in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of urea at pH 2.7. Maps of ninhydrin-positive tryptic peptides of the L and R forms of the gamma chain displayed differences within a small group of peptides which have been shown to contain the sialic acid residues present in the gamma-polypeptides. No differences between the peptide maps of BbetaL and BbetaR chains were obvious. A larger ratio of L/R in the gamma and Bbeta chains of dysfibrinogenemia fibrinogen "Zürich II" than in those of normal fibrinogen explains the higher content of sialic acid measured in the native Zürich II fibrinogen molecule.
Impact of field enhancement on TDDB lifetimes of Cu/Low-k test structures (2012)

Small area finger test structures were designed to isolate and study the physical failure analysis of Cu/low-k system. This paper aims to study the impact of field enhancement and area scaling through the comparison of dielectric breakdown lifetime of the finger test structures and conventional comb structure. It was found that the lifetime extracted from finger tests structures does not scale to comb structure by the Poisson area scaling law. Discrepancy is believed to have arisen due to the difference in field enhancement caused by the difference in shapes. Finite element modelling (FEM) simulation was performed using physical images to affirm this field enhancement effect. Finger test structure was found to suffer from a higher field enhancement compared to the comb structure, hence supporting the experimental results where extrapolation of lifetime from comb structure to small area over-estimates the lifetime.
An Iron Hand upon the People: The Law against the Potlatch on the Northwest Coast (1992)

David Lonergan, American Indian Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 4, Special Issue: Shamans and Preachers, Color Symbolism and Commercial Evangelism: Reflections on Early Mid-Atlantic Religious Encounter in Light of the Columbian Quincentennial (Autumn, 1992), pp. 550-551
(Invited) Bioelectrocatalytic Oxidation of Sucrose with an Enzyme Cascade Assembled on a DNA Scaffold (2015)

Over the last decade, there has been substantial research focused on multi-enzyme cascades as anodic catalysts to improve the performance of enzymatic biofuel cells, as it allows for the conversion of more chemical energy stored in complex fuels. However, the performance of these enzyme systems is often limited by the mass transport of intermediate substrates between enzymes. Nature addresses this issue by organizing metabolic enzymes in a sequential and proximal manner to enhance the efficiency of metabolic pathways. In this work, we investigate the utilization of DNA as a structural scaffold for the assembly of the invertase/glucose oxidase enzymatic supercomplex to improve sucrose bioelectrocatalytic activity. It has been found that the DNA-assembled enzyme cascade has higher activity than the free cascade, both in solution and in the immobilized state on a bioanode surface. The organization of the enzyme cascade on the DNA scaffold leads to a 100% increase in the current density in amperometric measurements for a sucrose biosensor and a 75% increase in the power density of the biofuel cell. This is the first evidence of the advantages of utilizing DNA scaffords for improved bioelectrocatalysis.
A Call for the Incorporation of Evidence-Based Practice into the Discipline of Exercise Science (2010)

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a concept that was popularized in the early 1990s by several physicians who recognized that medical practice should be based on the best and most current available evidence. Although this concept seems self-evident, much of medical practice was based on outdated textbooks and oral tradition passed down in medical school. Currently, exercise science is in a similar situation. Due to a lack of regulation within the exercise community, the discipline of exercise science is particularly prone to bias and misinformation, as evidenced by the plethora of available programmes with efficacy supported by anecdote alone. In this review, we provide a description of the five steps in EBP: (i) develop a question; (ii) find evidence; (iii) evaluate the evidence; (iv) incorporate evidence into practice; and (v) re-evaluate the evidence. Although objections have been raised to the EBP process, we believe that its incorporation into exercise science will improve the credibility of our discipline and will keep exercise practitioners and academics on the cutting edge of the most current research findings.
Phytostimulation of Poplars and Arabidopsis Exposed to Silver Nanoparticles and Ag+ at Sublethal Concentrations (2013)

The increasing likelihood of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) releases to the environment highlights the importance of understanding AgNP interactions with plants, which are cornerstones of most ecosystems. In this study, poplars (Populus deltoides × nigra) and Arabidopsis thaliana were exposed hydroponically to nanoparticles of different sizes (PEG-coated 5 and 10 nm AgNPs, and carbon-coated 25 nm AgNPs) or silver ions (Ag(+), added as AgNO₃) at a wide range of concentrations (0.01 to 100 mg/L). Whereas all forms of silver were phytotoxic above a specific concentration, a stimulatory effect was observed on root elongation, fresh weight, and evapotranspiration of both plants at a narrow range of sublethal concentrations (e.g., 1 mg/L of 25 nm AgNPs for poplar). Plants were most susceptible to the toxic effects of Ag(+) (1 mg/L for poplar, 0.05 mg/L for Arabidopsis), but AgNPs also showed some toxicity at higher concentrations (e.g., 100 mg/L of 25 nm AgNPs for poplar, 1 mg/L of 5 nm AgNPs for Arabidopsis) and this susceptibility increased with decreasing AgNP size. Both poplars and Arabidopsis accumulated silver, but silver distribution in shoot organs varied between plant species. Arabidopsis accumulated silver primarily in leaves (at 10-fold higher concentrations than in the stem or flower tissues), whereas poplars accumulated silver at similar concentrations in leaves and stems. Within the particle subinhibitory concentration range, silver accumulation in poplar tissues increased with exposure concentration and with smaller AgNP size. However, compared to larger AgNPs, the faster silver uptake associated with smaller AgNPs was offset by their toxic effect on evapotranspiration, which was exerted at lower concentrations (e.g., 1 mg/L of 5 nm AgNPs for poplar). Overall, the observed phytostimulatory effects preclude generalizations about the phytotoxicity of AgNPs and encourage further mechanistic research.
TrackCHIP Mono NRF1 from General Transcription Factor Binding at CpG Islands in Normal Cells Correlates with Resistance to <i>De novo</i> DNA Methylation in Cancer Cells (2023)

TrackCHIP Mono NRF1 from General Transcription Factor Binding at CpG Islands in Normal Cells Correlates with Resistance to &lt;i&gt;De novo&lt;/i&gt; DNA Methylation in Cancer Cells
A Simple Data Mixing Prior for Improving Self-Supervised Learning (2022)

Data mixing (e.g., Mixup, Cutmix, ResizeMix) is an essential component for advancing recognition models. In this paper, we focus on studying its effectiveness in the self-supervised setting. By noticing the mixed images that share the same source images are intrinsically related to each other, we hereby propose SDMP, short for $\textbf{S}$imple $\textbf{D}$ata $\textbf{M}$ixing $\textbf{P}$rior, to capture this straightforward yet essential prior, and position such mixed images as additional $\textbf{positive pairs}$ to facilitate self-supervised representation learning. Our experiments verify that the proposed SDMP enables data mixing to help a set of self-supervised learning frameworks (e.g., MoCo) achieve better accuracy and out-of-distribution robustness. More notably, our SDMP is the first method that successfully leverages data mixing to improve (rather than hurt) the performance of Vision Transformers in the self-supervised setting. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/OliverRensu/SDMP
Hepatitis C virus fitness can influence the extent of infection-mediated epigenetic modifications in the host cells (2023)

Here we propose two mechanisms ─which are not mutually exclusive─ to explain the effect of high viral fitness: an early advance in the number of infected cells, or larger number of replicating RNA molecules per cell. The implications of introducing HCV fitness as an influence in virus-host interactions, and for the course of liver disease, are warranted. Emphasis is made in the possibility that HCV-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma may be favoured by prolonged HCV infection of a human liver, a situation in which viral fitness is likely to increase.
The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor is a sensitive indicator of domoic acid neurotoxicity (1997)

To evaluate the utility of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) as a biomarker of neurotoxicity, we measured receptor levels after sub-seizure doses of domoic acid (0-3.0 mg/kg) in rats using [3H]PK-11195 autoradiography. PBR expression in limbic structures was significantly increased 5 days, but not 24 or 48 h after injection of 3.0 mg/kg domoic acid. The largest increase in [3H]PK-11195 binding (> 500% above control) was found in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus. Other limbic structures including the CA1 hippocampal subfield, subiculum, dentate gyrus and amygdala also showed significant increases in PBR expression, as did the striatum and substantia nigra pars reticulata. Smaller but significant increases were also observed 5 days after injection of 1.5 mg/kg, but not in animals treated with 0.75 mg/kg domoic acid. No pathology was observed after routine histological staining of brain tissue. Spatial learning and memory, a process thought to be associated with the hippocampus, was assessed in the Morris water maze. Groups treated with 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg, but not 0.75 mg/kg domoic acid were significantly impaired in water maze performance. These findings suggest that the PBR could provide a sensitive and specific biomarker of neurotoxicity.
Loss of heterozygosity identifies multiple sites of allelic deletions on chromosome 1 in human male germ cell tumors. (1994)

Cytogenetic analysis of human male germ cell tumors (GCTs) and derived cell lines revealed frequent deletions and rearrangements of chromosome 1. However, no detailed molecular analysis of these aberrations has thus far been performed. We undertook loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis utilizing a panel of 48 GCTs at 22 subregionally mapped polymorphic loci on both arms of chromosome 1. Eight probes, for which precise mapping data were unavailable, were subregionally mapped to specific regions by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Allelic losses were observed in 46% of cases on 1p and in 23% of cases on 1q. Teratomas showed higher frequency of allelic losses compared to embryonal carcinomas, yolk sac tumors, and seminomas, consistent with the results of our previous allelotype analysis, which showed overall higher genetic loss in teratomas compared to embryonal carcinomas. Our LOH study of chromosome 1 identified 4 sites of frequent deletions, 3 in the short arm (1p13, 1p22, and 1p31.3-32.2) and 1 in the long arm (1q32). Of these, 38.5% LOH at 1p22 (D1S16) identifies the site of a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene (TSG), possibly associated with GCTs. LOH at the remaining sites (1p13, 1p31.3-32.2, and 1q32) has also been reported in breast carcinomas, suggesting the involvement of TSGs common to both tumor types.
Mass Spectrometry Based Strategies in Quantitative Proteomics (2005)

Quantification of gene expression is the sine qua non in understanding how the components of a biological cell or an organism change and interact following external or internal perturbations. Analytical techniques that combine stable isotopic protein and peptides labelling and mass spectrometric analysis are becoming increasingly popular in determining protein abundance. The common motif, which recurs in these bio-analytical methods, is the parallel labelling of the protein samples with stable isotopes. The ratio of the differently labelled peptide ions observed in the mass spectrum reflects the differences in concentration between the species in the combined mixture. Isotopes can be introduced using labelled nutrients prior to proteolytic digestion or by chemical derivatisation of the peptide functional groups after proteolysis. Although metabolic incorporation of labelled isotopes provides a more global quantification strategy, chemical derivatisation based approaches are also suitable for those laboratories with basic proteomics facilities. Advantages and limitations of these techniques are reviewed, highlighting examples of specific biological applications.
On long-range plasmonic modes in metallic gaps (2007)

Satuby and Orenstein [Opt. Express 15, 4247-4252 (2007)] reported the discovery and numerical and experimental investigation of long-range surface plasmon-polariton eigenmodes guided by wide (6 to 12 mum) rectangular gaps in 400 nm thick gold films using excitation of vacuum wavelength lambda(vac) = 1.55 mum. In this paper, we carry out a detailed numerical analysis of the two different types of plasmonic modes in these structures. We show that no long-range eigenmodes exists for these gap plasmon waveguides, and that the reported "modes" are likely to be beams of bulk waves and surface plasmons, rather than guided modes of the considered structures.
ChemInform Abstract: The Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reactions of Photochemically Generated trans‐Cycloalkenones. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.