gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deleterious Effects of an Air Pollutant (NO2) on a Selection of Commensal Skin Bacterial Strains, Potential Contributor to Dysbiosis? (2020)

The skin constitutes with its microbiota the first line of body defense against exogenous stress including air pollution. Especially in urban or sub-urban areas, it is continuously exposed to many environmental pollutants including gaseous nitrogen dioxide (gNO<sub>2</sub>). Nowadays, it is well established that air pollution has major effects on the human skin, inducing various diseases often associated with microbial dysbiosis. However, very few is known about the impact of pollutants on skin microbiota. In this study, a new approach was adopted, by considering the alteration of the cutaneous microbiota by air pollutants as an indirect action of the harmful molecules on the skin. The effects of gNO<sub>2</sub> on this bacterial skin microbiota was investigated using a device developed to mimic the real-life contact of the gNO<sub>2</sub> with bacteria on the surface of the skin. Five strains of human skin commensal bacteria were considered, namely <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> MFP03, <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> MFP04, <i>Staphylococcus capitis</i> MFP08, <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> MFP05, and <i>Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum</i> CIP102622. Bacteria were exposed to high concentration of gNO<sub>2</sub> (10 or 80 ppm) over a short period of 2 h inside the gas exposure device. The physiological, morphological, and molecular responses of the bacteria after the gas exposure were assessed and compared between the different strains and the two gNO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. A highly significant deleterious effect of gNO<sub>2</sub> was highlighted, particularly for <i>S. capitis</i> MFP08 and <i>C. tuberculostearicum</i> CIP102622, while <i>S. aureus</i> MFP03 seems to be the less sensitive strain. It appeared that the impact of this nitrosative stress differs according to the bacterial species and the gNO<sub>2</sub> concentration. Thus the exposition to gNO<sub>2</sub> as an air pollutant could contribute to dysbiosis, which would affect skin homeostasis. The response of the microbiota to the nitrosative stress could be involved in some pathologies such as atopic dermatitis.
The therapeutic potential of TNF-? blockade in rheumatoid arthritis (2003)

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation of the synovial lining of joints and destruction of cartilage and bone. Many pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors are expressed in diseased joints, and recognition of the key role of TNF-α led to the development of highly effective new therapies. TNF-α inhibitors, such as monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibody infliximab (Remicade®), have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials. It is now clear that TNF-α blockade, in addition to reducing joint inflammation and leukocyte infiltration, also results in decreased formation of new blood vessels in the synovium. Such mechanism of action studies are now paving the way for the development of the next generation of drugs for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Keywordsangiogenesisinfliximabrheumatoid arthritisTNF-α
The Skeletal Response to Teriparatide Is Largely Independent of Age, Initial Bone Mineral Density, and Prevalent Vertebral Fractures in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis (2003)

In a recent study of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, treatment with teriparatide for a median of 19 months increased bone mineral density and decreased the risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. Using the same cohort, the current study evaluated the relationship between these therapeutic effects and the patient's baseline age, vertebral bone mineral density, and prevalent vertebral fractures. In women over 65 years of age, treatment resulted in a greater increase in vertebral bone mineral density than in younger women (treatment-by-age interaction, p = 0.037), but baseline age had no effect on the relative risk reduction for vertebral fractures (treatment-by-age interaction, p = 0.558). In women receiving placebo (with calcium and vitamin D), there was an inverse relationship between baseline vertebral bone mineral density and vertebral fracture risk. When compared across bone mineral density tertiles, the effects of teriparatide on the relative risk for developing new vertebral fractures and increase in vertebral bone mineral density did not differ significantly (p = 0.817 and p = 0.615, respectively). Teriparatide treatment significantly decreased vertebral fracture risk in patients with a vertebral bone mineral density T score of less than -33 or a score between -2.1 and -3.3 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.027, respectively) and showed a trend toward reduced fracture risk in the group with a T score greater than -2.1 (p = 0.115). Placebo-treated women with two or more prevalent vertebral fractures had a significantly greater risk of developing new vertebral fractures than women with zero or one prevalent vertebral fracture (p < 0.001). When compared within prevalent vertebral fracture subgroups, the effects of teriparatide on the relative risk for developing new vertebral fractures were similar. The results of this study indicate that teriparatide offers clinical benefit to patients across a broad range of age and disease severity.
563. Correction of Glycogen Storage Disease Type II by Systemic Delivery of an AAV2/8 Vector Containing a Muscle-Specific Promoter (2006)

Glycogen storage disease type II (GSD-II; Pompe disease; MIM 232300) is a genetic muscle disorder caused by a deficiency of acid-α-glucosidase (GAA; acid maltase; EC 3.2.1.20), which results in glycogen accumulation, primarily involving the heart and skeletal muscle. Previously, we provided evidence that an AAV2/6 vector containing a muscle-specific creatine kinase (MCK) promoter leads to persistent, high-level human GAA expression and glycogen clearance in the injected muscle in an immunocompetent GAA-KO mouse model. Muscle-restricted expression of hGAA provoked only a humoral (not cellular) immune response. We hypothesized that systemic administration of an AAV2/8 vector containing a MCK promoter could provide long-term efficacy in multiple muscles in GAA-KO mice. We intravenously administered either a low dose (1x1011 vg, n=3) or high dose (1x1012 vg, n=4) of the MCK-containing AAV2/8 vector in adult GAA-KO mice. At 18 weeks post-injection, GAA activity was significantly elevated only for the high-dose group to greater than the level for normal mice in heart (1.5-fold increase) and skeletal muscle (3.2-fold increase). The glycogen content was reduced by 46% and 50% in heart and quadriceps respectively, when compared to untreated, age-matched GAA-KO mice. Periodic acid-Schiff staining of glycogen confirmed correction of glycogen accumulation in individual myofibers of heart and quadriceps of AAV-treated mice. Low-level GAA activity was observed in liver and diaphragm, which is most likely related to lower activity of the MCK promoter in those tissues, because higher copy number of vector genome were present in liver (109.3 vg/cell) and diaphragm (1.63 vg/cell) than that in heart (0.47 vg/cell) and quadriceps (0.99 vg/cell) as determined by quantitative real-time PCR. In order to characterize transgene expression in different types of muscle fibers, an AAV vector encoding GFP under control of the MCK promoter was administered intravenously (1x1012 vg). Expression of GFP was detected in heart, quadriceps and soleus muscles, but not in EDL (extensor digitorum longus) muscle at 18 weeks after vector injection. Fiber-typing confirmed that soleus muscle consists mainly of type I (slow) myofibers, while EDL consists of type IIb (fast) myofiber in GAA-KO mice. In summary, persistent correction of glycogen storage in type I fibers of the heart and skeletal muscle was achieved with an AAV2/8 vector containing a MCK promoter in GAA-KO mice. This approach could be considered for muscle-targeted gene therapy in Pompe disease.
High-isolation inductively-tuned X-band MEMS shunt switches (2002)

This paper presents the design and measurement of low-loss high-isolation micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) switches at 7-12 GHz. The high isolation is obtained by designing the resonance frequency of the MEMS switch in the down-state position and a series inductance to be in the X-band frequency range. Single MEMS shunt switches achieved an isolation of 35 dB at 10 GHz with an associated up-state insertion loss of less than 0.2 dB. A double MEMS shunt switch design resulted in an isolation of 30 dB from 7-12.5 GHz with an up-state insertion loss of less than 0.4 dB. This technique allows the construction of very high isolation shunt switches at low microwave frequencies while limiting the capacitive area of the MEMS switch to a mechanically acceptable size.
Proceedings of the 5th French-Speaking Conference on Mobility and Ubiquity Computing (2009)

International audience
Tanning in Human Skin Types II and III Offers Modest Photoprotection Against Erythema (1998)

We have investigated the photoprotective properties of tanning using erythema as an endpoint. Previously unexposed buttock skin sites of 16 young, healthy adults (8 skin type II, and 8 skin type III) were exposed daily (Mon-Fri) for 2 weeks to 0.5 and 0.75 minimal erythema doses (MED) of solar-simulated radiation (SSR). Erythema and melanin levels were assessed daily both visually and quantitatively using a reflectance device. One week after the last tanning treatment, MED reassessments were made on pretreated sites and on adjacent nontreated sites, including sites from which stratum corneum was removed by tape stripping. Compared to skin type II, similar daily SSR treatments produced less erythema and more evident tanning in skin types III. Independent of skin type, all volunteers showed an increased MED value when assessed on the 0.75 MED- and 0.5 MED-treated sites compared to the MED value assessed on adjacent untreated sites. We express any increase in MED as an induced protection factor (IPF), i.e. (MED post-tan/MED pre-tan). Our data show mean IPF of 1.4 and of 2.1 in the 0.5 and 0.75 MED-treated sites respectively, in skin types II. Similar values were obtained in skin types III with IPF of 1.5 and 2.3 for the 0.5 and 0.75 MED-treated sites, respectively. In all cases, removal of the stratum corneum lowered the IPF by about 20%. Our results show that SSR-induced melanogenesis, whether in skin type II or III, offers only moderate protection against erythema and suggest that SSR-induced stratum corneum thickening affords less photoprotection than tanning.
The 10-year journey of non–small cell lung cancer: A real-world experience. (2022)

9133 Background: Over the past 10 years, the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been continuously revolutionized. This study evaluated how this revolution improved outcomes in the real-world. Methods: We collected clinical, pathological, and molecular data of patient with NSCLC using an in house real-time updated cohort (ROOT-HEALTH). The primary objective was the 3-year survival (OS3) rate by clinical stage, histology, and driver mutations including EGFR, ALK, ROS1, RET, MET exon 14 skipping, BRAF V600E, KRAS G12C, and NTRK between two time periods (Period I: 2010-2015 vs. Period II: 2016-2021). Results: We included data on 22,060 patients who received any anti-cancer treatment between January 2010 and December 2020. Adenocarcinoma (AD) was the predominant histology (70.2% in Period I vs. 74.2% in Period II) (Standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.09, P &lt; 0.001). In Period I, 36.8%, 10.4%, 15.9%, and 34.6% patients were in stage I, II, III, and IV respectively. In Period II, 44.8%, 9.6%, 15.1%, 29.9% were in each stage, respectively (SMD = 0.15, P &lt; 0.001). Patients during Period II were more likely to perform molecular tests for EGFR, ALK, and/or others than those during Period I in both of AD (79.1% in Period I vs. 95.1% in Period II) and non-AD (53.5% in Period I and 85.0% in Period II). In patients with AD, 49.4% in Period I and 56.4% in Period II had any druggable mutations. Among non-AD patients, 4.9% and 6.2% of patients had any druggable mutations in Period I and II, respectively. In patients with AD, in Period I, the OS3 rates were 92.9 %, 72.6%, 56.6%, and 29.0% for each stage (I, II, III, and IV), respectively. In Period II, the OS3 rates of AD were 96.4 %, 86.8%, 70.2%, and 52.1% for each stage, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). In stage IV AD with EGFR mutation, the OS3 rates were 42.5% and 65.4% in Period I and II, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). In stage IV AD with ALK rearrangement, the OS3 rates were 53.2% and 73.6% in Period I and II, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). In patients with non-AD, the OS3 rates were 71.6%, 60.2%, 38.8%, and 10.2% for each stage in Period I. In Period II, the OS3 rates of non-AD were 83.1%, 73.7%, 58.2%, and 29.6% for each stage (P &lt; 0.001). In stage IV non-AD with any druggable mutations, the OS3 rates were 27.1% and 46.0% in Period I and II, respectively (P = 0.05). Conclusions: Our study is meaningful as a large-scale study that reflects changes of survival outcome in a timely manner.Through our real-world experience of over 10 years, the proportions of early stage and were found to be increased. The implementation of molecular testing has also been expanded. Of note, the survival outcomes were remarkably improved across all stages, especially in patients with stage III-IV. Further improvement of outcomes through effect of emerging driver mutations in the next five years is expected.
Mild and Selective Ru-Catalyzed Formylation and Fe-Catalyzed Acylation of Free (N–H) Indoles Using Anilines as the Carbonyl Source (2011)

C3-selective formylation and acylation of free (N-H) indoles under mild conditions can be achieved by using Ru- and Fe-catalyzed oxidative coupling of free (N-H) indoles with anilines, respectively. Both processes are operationally simple, compatible with a variety of functional groups and generally provide the desired products in good yields. (13)C-labeling experiments unambiguously established that the carbonylic carbon in the formylation products originated from methyl group of N-methyl aniline.
DNS Zone Transfer over TLS (2021)

DNS zone transfers are transmitted in clear text, which gives
attackers the opportunity to collect the content of a zone by
eavesdropping on network connections. The DNS Transaction Signature
(TSIG) mechanism is specified to restrict direct zone transfer to
authorized clients only, but it does not add confidentiality. This
document specifies use of DNS-over-TLS to prevent zone contents
collection via passive monitoring of zone transfers.
English Machine Translation Model Based on an Improved Self-Attention Technology (2021)

English machine translation is a natural language processing research direction that has important scientific research value and practical value in the current artificial intelligence boom. The variability of language, the limited ability to express semantic information, and the lack of parallel corpus resources all limit the usefulness and popularity of English machine translation in practical applications. The self-attention mechanism has received a lot of attention in English machine translation tasks because of its highly parallelizable computing ability, which reduces the model’s training time and allows it to capture the semantic relevance of all words in the context. The efficiency of the self-attention mechanism, however, differs from that of recurrent neural networks because it ignores the position and structure information between context words. The English machine translation model based on the self-attention mechanism uses sine and cosine position coding to represent the absolute position information of words in order to enable the model to use position information between words. This method, on the other hand, can reflect relative distance but does not provide directionality. As a result, a new model of English machine translation is proposed, which is based on the logarithmic position representation method and the self-attention mechanism. This model retains the distance and directional information between words, as well as the efficiency of the self-attention mechanism. Experiments show that the nonstrict phrase extraction method can effectively extract phrase translation pairs from the n-best word alignment results and that the extraction constraint strategy can improve translation quality even further. Nonstrict phrase extraction methods and n-best alignment results can significantly improve the quality of translation translations when compared to traditional phrase extraction methods based on single alignment.
Tubular silk scaffolds for small diameter vascular grafts (2010)

Vascular surgeries such as coronary artery bypass require small diameter vascular grafts with properties that are not available at this time. Approaches using synthetic biomaterials have been not completely successful in producing non-thrombogenic grafts with inner diameters less than 6 mm, and there is a need for new biomaterials and graft designs. We propose silk fibroin as a microvascular graft material and describe tubular silk scaffolds that demonstrate improved properties over existing vascular graft materials. Silk tubes produced using an aqueous gel spinning technique were first assessed in vitro in terms of thrombogenicity (thrombin and fibrinogen adsorption, platelet adhesion) and vascular cell responses (endothelial and smooth muscle cell attachment and proliferation) in comparison with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a synthetic material most frequently used for vascular grafts. Silk tubes were then implanted into the abdominal aortas of Sprague-Dawley rats. At time points of 2 weeks and 4 weeks post implantation, tissue outcomes were assessed through gross observation (acute thrombosis, patency) and histological staining (H&E, Factor VIII, smooth muscle actin). Over the 4-week time period, we observed graft patency and endothelial cell lining of the lumen surfaces. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using silk fibroin as a vascular graft material and some advantages of silk tubes over the currently used synthetic grafts.
Investigation of Rational Syntheses of Heteroleptic Porphyrinic Lanthanide (Europium, Cerium) Triple-Decker Sandwich Complexes (2001)

The use of lanthanide triple-decker sandwich molecules containing porphyrins and phthalocyanines in molecular information storage applications requires the ability to attach monomeric triple deckers or arrays of triple deckers to electroactive surfaces. Such applications are limited by existing methods for preparing triple deckers. The reaction of a lanthanide porphyrin half-sandwich complex ((Por)M(acac)) with a dilithium phthalocyanine (PcLi2) in refluxing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (bp 214 degrees C) affords a mixture of triple deckers of composition (Pc)M(Pc)M(Por), (Por)M(Pc)M(Por), and (Pc)M(Por)M(Pc). We have investigated more directed methods for preparing triple deckers of a given type with distinct metals in each layer. Application of the method of Weiss, which employs reaction of a (Por)M(acac) species with a lanthanide double decker in refluxing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, afforded the desired triple decker in some cases but a mixture of triple deckers in others. The approach we developed employs in situ formation of the lanthanide reagent EuCl[N(SiMe3)2]2 or CeI[N(SiMe3)2]2, which upon reaction with a porphyrin affords the half-sandwich complex (Por)EuX or (Por)CeX' (X = Cl, N(SiMe3)2; X' = I, N(SiMe3)2). Subsequent reaction with PcLi2 gives the double decker (Por)M(Pc). The (Por(1))EuX half-sandwich complex gave the desired triple decker upon reaction with (Pc)Eu(Pc) but little of the desired product upon reaction with (Por(2))Eu(Pc). The (Por(1))CeX' half-sandwich complex reacted with europium double deckers (e.g., (tBPc)Eu(Por(2)), (tBPc)2Eu) to give the triple deckers (Por(1))Ce(tBPc)Eu(Por(2)) and (Por(1))Ce(tBPc)Eu(tBPc) in a rational manner (tB = tetra-tert-butyl). The reactions yielding the half-sandwich, double-decker, and triple-decker complexes were performed in refluxing bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether (bp 162 degrees C). The porphyrins incorporated in the various triple deckers include meso-tetrapentylporphyrin, meso-tetra-p-tolylporphyrin, octaethylporphyrin, and meso-tetraarylporphyrins bearing iodo, ethynyl, or iodo and ethynyl substituents. The triple deckers bearing iodo and/or ethynyl substituents constitute useful building blocks for information storage applications.
Burdening the Fifth Amendment: Toward a Presumptive Barrier Theory (1979)

Constitution1 has proven to be a difficult provision of the Bill of Rights to interpret.2 The language used by the framers establishing the privilege is both ambiguous3 and misleading,4 thereby making textual analysis unconvincing. Similarly, the historical background and intent of the framers are unclear,5 features which otherwise would assist in defining the proper scope of the privilege. Finally, the policies that the fifth amendment is designed to further6 are seriously disputed, leaving the privilege without an agreed upon rationale. One particularly troublesome problem which the Supreme Court has had to face in interpreting the privilege has been the need to set limits on the kind and intensity of pressure the state may bring to bear upon an individual to reveal what the state wishes to know. At one extreme, pressure in the form of physical coercion might be exerted by the state to obtain damaging information from a suspect. The Supreme Court, however, has had little difficulty classifying physical force as impermissible compulsion.' Similarly, the threat of the criminal contempt sanction has been held to violate the privilege against self-incrimination.8 Even many
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy‐based valence band spectra of passive films on titanium (2022)

Titanium (Ti) is always covered by thin passive films. Thus, valence band (VB) spectra, obtained using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), are superpositions of the VB spectra of passive films and that of the metallic Ti substrate. In this study, to obtain the VB spectra only of passive films, angular resolution (for eliminating the substrate Ti contribution) and argon ion sputtering (for removing passive films) were used along with XPS. The passive film on Ti was determined to consist of a very thin TiO 2 layer with small amounts of Ti 2 O 3 , TiO, hydroxyl groups, and water with a thickness of 5.9 nm. The VB spectra of Ti were deconvoluted into four peak components: a peak at ~1 eV, attributed to the Ti metal substrate; a broad peak in the 3–10 eV range, mainly attributed to O 2p (~6 eV) and O 2p‐Ti 3d hybridized states (~8 eV), owing to the π (non‐bonding) and σ (bonding) orbitals in the passive oxide film; and a peak at ~13 eV, attributed to the 3σ orbital of O 2p as OH − or H 2 O. The VB region spectrum between approximately 3 and 14 eV from Ti is originating from the passive film on Ti. In particular, characterization of VB spectrum obtained with a takeoff angle of less than 24° is effective to obtain VB spectrum only from the passive film on Ti. The property as n ‐type semiconductor of the passive film on Ti is probably higher than that of rutile TiO 2 ceramics.