gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination Endocrine Therapy in the Management of Breast Cancer (2001)

Combination endocrine therapy has long been sought after as a means to better treat breast cancer. Agents that suppress estrogen production are given with agents that suppress estrogenic activity at the cellular level. Historically, these combinations have resulted in initial improvements in response rates, but relapse-free and overall survival were not significantly improved. Also, the increased toxicity seen with these regimens was limiting. New endocrine therapies with more potent activity and less toxicity have led to a resurgence of this idea in the management of breast cancer. Complete estrogen blockade has been compared with single-agent treatments in many different settings. The endocrine effects of this type of therapy are intriguing, but apparently do not readily predict a clinical advantage. The combination of an aromatase inhibitor and an antiestrogen, despite pharmacokinetic interactions, may prove to be beneficial. Results from ongoing trials are eagerly awaited to further address this question in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. For premenopausal breast cancer patients the options are more complex. Clinical outcomes with leutinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists plus aromatase inhibitors are limited to very small phase II studies and are not clearly superior to single-agent therapy. Clinical data in the metastatic setting with premenopausal patients favor the use of an LHRH agonist with tamoxifen over the use of an LHRH agonist alone. However, a similar comparison with tamoxifen alone is lacking with only one trial including this as a treatment arm. Adjuvant therapy with this combined endocrine approach (LHRH agonist plus antiestrogen) has been more extensively studied, but lacks crucial comparisons necessary for making complex treatment decisions. Hopefully, through investigative diligence and ingenuity this issue can be adequately understood. However, many exciting new agents are on the horizon that offer hope to further advance the progress made to date although further confounding the questions already answered.
Effect of Process Parameters on Electrochemical Properties of Mechanically Prepared Composite Powders for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2009)

The effect of parameters for composite powder preparation on the electrochemical performance of cathodes using a mechanically prepared LSM/ScSZ cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells was evaluated. It was revealed that the input process energy, which is defined as a time integration of required power for rotor-blade driving, was successfully described by the changes in BET surface area and particle size distribution of composite powder material. Depending on the composite powder samples, however, the bulk and interfacial resistances for a half-cell test sample varied in a more complex manner when the input process energy was changed. The present results indicated the importance of process parameters such as the input energy besides the absolute values and ratio of particle size for the starting powders and the LSM/ScSZ composition ratio. It can be expected that the electrochemical performance may be further improved with the precise matching and control of these parameters.
A clinicopathological study of collagen sponge as a dural graft in neurosurgery (1995)

There is frequently a need for dural grafts to cover defects resulting from retraction, shrinkage, or excision following neurosurgical procedures. Several materials have been evaluated both experimentally and clinically, and then discarded. Collagen, in its various forms, continues to be an area of intense interest. In this study the authors examined the suitability of collagen sponge to effect dural repair. In a 5-year clinical study 102 collagen sponge implants were examined macroscopically and histologically. Graft encapsulation, neomembrane formation, delayed hemorrhage, and foreign body reactions were not found. The porous nature of the collagen sponge encouraged fibroblastic ingrowth and dural repair. Meningocerebral adhesions were present in 11 patients, all of whom had required significant cortical resection or had pia-arachnoid disruption during the initial surgery. Inflammatory cells were seen only in response to infection. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks developed in only three of 67 patients who underwent an intradural posterior fossa procedure. In a prospective arm of the study involving 459 patients, the wound infection rate using collagen sponge was 6.1%, which compared favorably (p = 0.67) with the 5.7% rate in a similar group of 637 patients in whom collagen sponge had not been used.
Bias buoy measurement and depth control instrumentation / by Robert J. Singleton. (1975)

An electronic system has been developed to measure and record certain hydrodynamic characteristics of a towed buoy to be the antenna platform for a submarine communications system designated BIAS (Buoy Integrated Antenna Submarine).The system is for use during submarine developmentassist tow trials.The quantities measured are buoy pitch, horizontal stabilizer angle, depth (shallow and deep), cable tension at the submarine, cable scope (fine and coarse), submarine depth, and speed.An automatic depth-keeping servo system also was developed for the buoy in conjunction with the above measurement system to determine the feasibility of this type of device in a varying seaway.A second electronic measurement system was developed to measure and indicate the required hydrodynamic characteristics of the buoy necessary for operation of the system during submarine patrols.The quantities measured are displayed as meter readouts and include buoy depth (shallow and deep), cable tension at the submarine, and cable scope (fine and coarse).
Supplementary Figure from Splicing Patterns in <i>SF3B1</i>-Mutated Uveal Melanoma Generate Shared Immunogenic Tumor-Specific Neoepitopes (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Splicing Patterns in &lt;i&gt;SF3B1&lt;/i&gt;-Mutated Uveal Melanoma Generate Shared Immunogenic Tumor-Specific Neoepitopes
New algorithms for skewing correction and slant removal on word-level [OCR] (2003)

The word preprocessing is a crucial stage of OCR systems. Here we present two algorithms appropriate for this stage. The first one corrects the skewing of words and the second removes the slant from handwritten words. Both algorithms make use of the Wigner-Ville distribution and the projection profile technique. The algorithms have been tested on words taken from more than 200 writers and the results obtained can be considered very satisfactory, since the overall accuracy of our OCR system is notably improved.
Simulation on Kink-band Formation during Axial Compression of a Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Constructed by X-ray Computed Tomography Images (2019)

X-ray computed tomography was used to obtain cross-sectional images of a unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastic, where fiber locations in each cross-sectional image were identified. The three-dimensional model with fiber waviness was developed by connecting the fiber locations along the fiber direction. Numerical simulation for the initiation and formation of a kink-band during axial compression was performed using the three-dimensional finite element model. The load was increased almost linearly until it reached the compressive strength, after which both load and displacement were decreased, showing snap-back behavior. The matrix yielded locally with the increased axial compression, and fibers started to fall due to insufficient support by the yielded matrix. A kink-band was formed with an increase in the yielded area, and thus, the initiation of a kink-band was defined as the local yielding of the matrix. It was also shown that the kink-band was formed at the longitudinal location at which the average of local fiber misalignment angles in the cross-section was relatively large.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Biological Role and Therapeutic Targeting of TGF-β<sub>3</sub> in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;TGF-β3 gene silencing does not affect TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 protein levels&lt;/p&gt;
Stereoselectivity Control by Oxaspiro Rings during Diels−Alder Cycloadditions to Cross-Conjugated Cyclohexadienones:  The Syn Oxygen Phenomenon (2004)

The diastereofacial selectivity operating in Diels-Alder additions involving spirocyclic cross-conjugated cyclohexadienones with dienes of varying reactivity has been investigated. The study has included the ether series 1a-c as well as the lactone/ketone pair 2a/2b. In all cases, the preferred [4+2] cycloaddition pathway consisted of bonding from that pi-surface syn to the oxygen atom. 4-Substituted-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadienones (monocyclic systems) were also examined and found to undergo bond formation preferentially from the face bearing the more electron-withdrawing of the two groups at the 4 position. Kinetic parameters were determined for the cycloaddition of 1a and 2a to cyclopentadiene. The rate acceleration profile of solvents was in the order CF(3)CH(2)OH >> CH(3)CN approximately CH(2)Cl(2) for the production of 9a from 1a and CF(3)CH(2)OH >> CH(2)Cl(2) > CH(3)CN for the production of 21a from 2a, respectively. This spread in polarity had no major impact on product distribution, a phenomenon also reflected in the behavior of 4-substituted-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadienones under comparable conditions. Theoretical assessment of these experimental facts was undertaken at the HF/6-31G level. The facial selectivity is understandable in terms of the secondary interaction between the HOMO of the diene and LUMO of the dienophile as well as the effective hyperconjugation between the newly forming bond and the 4-anti-C-C sigma-orbital due to the more electron-donating bond, as defined by the Cieplak model.
Dendrimers: properties and applications. (2001)

Dendrimers are a new class of polymeric materials. They are highly branched, monodisperse macromolecules. The structure of these materials has a great impact on their physical and chemical properties. As a result of their unique behaviour dendrimers are suitable for a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications. The paper gives a concise review of dendrimers' physico-chemical properties and their possible use in various areas of research, technology and treatment.
A Decentralized Fault Detection Filter1 (1999)

In this paper, we introduce the decentralized fault detection filter, a structure that results from merging decentralized estimation theory with the game theoretic fault detection filter. A decentralized approach may be the ideal way to health monitor large-scale systems, since it decomposes the problem down into (potentially smaller) “local” problems. These local results are then blended into a “global” result that describes the health of the entire system. The benefits of such an approach include added fault tolerance and easy scalability. An example given at the end of the paper demonstrates the use of this filter for a platoon of cars proposed for advanced vehicle control systems.
p53-Mediated DNA Repair Responses to UV Radiation: Studies of Mouse Cells Lacking p53, p21, and/orgadd45 Genes (2000)

Human cells lacking functional p53 exhibit a partial deficiency in nucleotide excision repair (NER), the pathway for repair of UV-induced DNA damage. The global genomic repair (GGR) subpathway of NER, but not transcription-coupled repair (TCR), is mainly affected by p53 loss or inactivation. We have utilized mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking p53 genes or downstream effector genes of the p53 pathway, gadd45 (Gadd45a) or p21 (Cdkn1a), as well as MEFs lacking both gadd45 and p21 genes to address the potential contribution of these downstream effectors to p53-associated DNA repair. Loss of p53 or gadd45 had a pronounced effect on GGR, while p21 loss had only a marginal effect, determined by measurements of repair synthesis (unscheduled DNA synthesis), by immunoassays to detect removal of UV photoproducts from genomic DNA, and by assays determining strand-specific removal of CPDs from the mouse dhfr gene. Taken together, the evidence suggests a role for Gadd45, but relatively little role for p21, in DNA repair responses to UV radiation. Recent evidence suggests that Gadd45 binds to UV-damaged chromatin and may affect lesion accessibility. MEFs lacking p53 or gadd45 genes exhibited decreased colony-forming ability after UV radiation and cisplatin compared to wild-type MEFs, indicating their sensitivity to DNA damage. We provide evidence that Gadd45 affects chromatin remodelling of templates concurrent with DNA repair, thus indicating that Gadd45 may participate in the coupling between chromatin assembly and DNA repair.
Quantification and distribution of α1‐adrenoceptor subtype mRNAs in human prostate: comparison of benign hypertrophied tissue and non‐hypertrophied tissue (1996)

1. There are at least three alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes, alpha 1a, alpha 1b and alpha 1d, in human tissues. Using an RNase protection assay, we have now determined the amount of each subtype mRNA in human prostatic tissue, for both benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and non-BPH. In all tissue samples examined, the predominant subtype mRNA was alpha 1a. The total abundance of alpha 1-adrenoceptor mRNA in BPH samples was over six times that in non-BPH samples. This increase was mostly accounted for by alpha 1a, which was almost nine times as abundant in BPH samples as in non-BPH samples. The abundance of alpha 1b was almost the same between BPH and non-BPH samples, and the abundance of alpha 1d in BPH samples was about three times that in non-BPH samples. The ratio of the numbers of the subtype mRNAs, alpha 1a: alpha 1b: alpha 1d, was 85:1:14 in BPH samples and 63:6:31 in non-BPH samples. 2. In situ hybridization studies showed no significant differences in the tissue localization of alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtype mRNAs between BPH and non-BPH samples. alpha 1a and alpha 1d were clearly detected in the interstitium of the prostate, where alpha 1a was stained more intensely than alpha 1d, and the positive sites were primarily smooth muscle cells. In contrast, alpha 1b staining was very faint. 3. This increase in mRNA abundance may be directly related to the contraction of prostatic tissue that leads to obstruction of the urinary tract in BPH patients. Specifically, our data suggest that increased expression of the alpha 1a subtype may be primarily responsible for the contraction of the prostate.
Gaze-based interaction for semi-automatic photo cropping (2006)

We present an interactive method for cropping photographs given minimal information about important content location, provided by eye tracking. Cropping is formulated in a general optimization framework that facilitates adding new composition rules, and adapting the system to particular applications. Our system uses fixation data</ to identify important image content and compute the best crop for any given aspect ratio or size, enabling applications such as automatic snapshot recomposition, adaptive documents, and thumbnailing. We validate our approach with studies in which users compare our crops to ones produced by hand and by a completely automatic approach. Experiments show that viewers prefer our gaze-based crops to uncropped images and fully automatic crops.
[The ecological and hygienic aspects of the use of surface-active substances in oil-producing regions of Ukraine]. (1993)

Use of surface-active substances (SAS) in the oil-extracting regions of the Ukraine should consider the fact that this is a rather small territory, densely populated, with environmental water and soil problems, significant contamination of several areas by pesticides, mineral fertilizers and complicated by the Chernobyl accidents sequels. SAS may influence the ecological-hygienic balance of the environment, they may enhance migration of many ingredients, increase their toxicity. The authors propose several measures aimed at improving the quality of preventive and actual state inspection over the oil enterprises.
Paravascular microcirculation facilitates rapid lipid transport and astrocyte signaling in the brain (2013)

In the brain, a paravascular space exists between vascular cells and astroglial end-foot processes, creating a continuous sheath surrounding blood vessels. Using in vivo two-photon imaging we demonstrate that the paravascular circulation facilitates selective transport of small lipophilic molecules, rapid interstitial fluid movement and widespread glial calcium signaling. Depressurizing the paravascular system leads to unselective lipid diffusion, intracellular lipid accumulation and pathological signaling in astrocytes. As the central nervous system is devoid of lymphatic vessels, the paravascular space may serve as a lymphatic equivalent that represents a separate highway for the transport of lipids and signaling molecules.
KS10076, a chelator for redox-active metal ions, induces ROS-mediated STAT3 degradation in autophagic cell death and eliminates ALDH1+ stem cells (2022)

Redox-active metal ions are pivotal for rapid metabolism, proliferation, and aggression across cancer types, and this presents metal chelation as an attractive cancer cell-targeting strategy. Here, we identify a metal chelator, KS10076, as a potent anti-cancer drug candidate. A metal-bound KS10076 complex with redox potential for generating hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions induces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The elevation of ROS by KS10076 promotes the destabilization of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, removes aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 1-positive cancer stem cells, and subsequently induces autophagic cell death. Bioinformatic analysis of KS10076 susceptibility in pan-cancer cells shows that KS10076 potentially targets cancer cells with increased mitochondrial function. Furthermore, patient-derived organoid models demonstrate that KS10076 efficiently represses cancer cells with active KRAS, and fluorouracil resistance, which suggests clinical advantages.
Analytical Chemistry related to Biofunctional Research. Simultaneous analysis of drug efficacy and early absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion characterization using surface plasmon resonance sensor. (2002)

Biacore S51を用いて, カルボニックアンヒドラーゼ (CA) に対する34種類の低分子化合物の結合性を実験したところ, スルファニルアミド, カルボキシベンゼンスルホンアミド (CBSA), フロセミド, アゾスルファミド, アセタゾールアミド, ジクロルフェンアミド, クロロチアジド, ヒドロクロロチアジド, メタゾールアミド及びインダパミドの10種類の阻害剤のみが結合することが確認され, 擬陽性や擬陰性は全く見られなかった. また, 血清タンパク質であるヒト血清アルブミン (HSA) を固定化したセルを同時に用いることで, HSAへの結合性を同時に解析することができた. CAに対する結合安定性は, 結合量と一定時間解離後のレスポンスのプロットから評価した. アゾスルファミドは高い結合性と安定的な複合体形成を示し, 一方, インダパミドは比較的結合量が高いが, その複合体は極めて不安定で, 速やかに外れてしまうことが分かった. センサーチップ上のCAは, 72回の分析でも活性が全く失われなかった. また, アゾスルファミド, フロセミド及びインダパミドのCAに対する速度論的解析では, 結合速度定数 (ka), 解離速度定数 (kd) 及び解離定数 (KD) は, アゾスルファミドで5.3×104 (M-1 s-1), 9.0×10-3 (s-1), 1.7×10-7 (M), フロセミドで4.9×104 (M-1 s-1), 3.6×10-2 (s-1), 7.3×10-7 (M), インダパミドで2.5×105 (M-1 s-1), 1.0×10-1 (s-1), 4.2×10-7 (M) であった. また, 6種類の薬物を12回繰り返し分析した再現性試験の結果, CAに対する結合性は, フロセミドで33.5RU±0.6 (RSD=1.8%), インダパミドで40.6RU±0.6 (RSD=3.7%), メタゾールアミドで24.6RU±0.4 (RSD=1.5%), 更にヒドロクロロチアジドで, 27.6RU±0.4 (RSD=1.5%) と非常に高い再現性が得られた. 全薬物を分析 (72回分析) しても, 固定化したCAの活性は全く低下しなかった.
Living with a C2-Sacrum Spinal Fusion: Surgical Outcomes and Quality of Life in Patients Fused from C2 to the Sacrum (2023)

Though C2-sacrum PSF is thought to be a "final" construct, approximately 1 in 4 patients require subsequent operations. However, C2-sacrum PSF patients had a significant improvement in SRS and ODI scores by 6 months postop. Over 60% of patients were regularly performing light aerobic activity 2 years after their C2-sacrum PSF. EQ-5D suggests that this population fares better than those with degenerative hip/knee arthritis and similarly to those with common chronic conditions like DM and HTN.
The effect of midazolam dose and age on the paradoxical midazolam reaction in Korean pediatric patients (2013)

In conclusion, we suggest that children less than 3 years old receiving higher dose of intravenous midazolam are at risk for the paradoxical midazolam reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N‐Diethyl O‐Carbamate: Directed Metalation Group and Orthogonal Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Partner. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Immunoglobulin G in Ebola Outbreak Survivors, Gabon (2009)

To the Editor: Three well-documented outbreaks of Ebola hemorrhagic fever occurred from 1996 through 2001 in Gabon in central Africa (1). All were caused by the highly pathogenic species Zaire ebolavirus, which is associated with an 80% case-fatality rate. The first outbreak hit Mayibout, a village in northeast Gabon in January and February 1996, causing 31 cases and 21 deaths. The first victims were children who helped carry and butcher a chimpanzee carcass found in the forest. The second outbreak lasted from October 1996 through March 1997 and occurred in the Boou region, about 150 km southwest of Mayibout, Gabon. The outbreak area was located along a trunk road and railroad track, and the infection spread to several villages around Boou, then to Libreville, the capital of Gabon, where 15 cases were recorded. The third outbreak occurred October 2001 through May 2002 in the Mekambo area, about 150 km from Mayibout in the east (2). This outbreak consisted of several independent chains of human transmission arising from infected animal carcasses, mainly chimpanzees and gorillas. It caused 65 cases and 53 deaths and coincided with major outbreaks in great apes that decimated wild populations (3,4). A total of 207 human cases were recorded during these 3 outbreaks; 149 persons died. Of the fatal and nonfatal cases 31 and 24, respectively, were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR, antigen detection, and immunoglobulin (Ig) G ELISA at Centre International de Recherches Mdicales de Franceville (CIRMF) in Gabon.
Photochromic polymer films based on a 14-F bacteriorhodopsin derivative (2008)

Spectral and kinetic characteristics were measured for polymer (gelatin) films based on 14-F bacteriorhodopsin (BR), both wild-type (WT) and D96N mutant, to study the peculiarities of photo-induced transformation of the samples. It was demonstrated earlier that incorporation of 14-F retinal into the apomembrane of both 14-F WT and 14-F D96N produces pigments with drastically different photo-induced behavior, regarding the formation and decay of a red-shifted species at 660 nm. However, similar fundamental differences between 14-F WT and 14-F D96N, if embedded into gelatin matrix, were not observed. Results are discussed in the frame of the relationship between the kinetic rates of two photo-induced processes that occur in suspensions and gelatin films of corresponding pigments. These experimental results can possibly be explained by the difference in kinetics for gelatin films and water suspensions. The main factor in altering the kinetics is the relative humidity of gelatin samples. Therefore, the effect of relative humidity on performance of 14-F BR gelatin films, both WT and D96N, was studied. A range of humidity has been defined for each pigment, in which spectral and kinetic characteristics were changed in the desired direction. It was shown that 14-F WT gelatin films may offer a technological advantage relative to those based on 14-F D96N.