gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-incompatibility and Self-fruitfulness in Pear cv. Agua de Aranjuez (2007)

Most pear ( Pyrus communis L.) cultivars are impaired to set fruit under self-pollination, because self-fertilization is prevented by a gametophytic self-incompatibility system. However, accumulated information in this species shows that often for a same cultivar, after self-pollination, a variable response in fruit set can be obtained in different years or growing conditions. In this work, we characterize self-incompatibility and self-fruitfulness in ‘Agua de Aranjuez’, the main Spanish pear cultivar, which also shows a variable response to self-pollination. Two years with a different fruit setting response after self-pollination, one with no fruit set and the other with a moderate fruit set, were compared for parthenocarpic fruit development and for pollen tube performance. Results show that in both years, this cultivar behaves as self-incompatible with absence of parthenocarpy. In selfed flowers, most pollen tubes are arrested in the upper half of the style, although in a small proportion of the styles, a pollen tube can reach the base of the style and eventually effect fertilization. Self-fertilization, although occurring at a low level, can explain the fruit set levels obtained under self-pollination given that flowers with just one fertilized ovule are able to set fruit. This behavior could explain confusing results about self-fruitfulness in ‘Agua de Aranjuez’ and other pear cultivars.
A unified software approach to specify pipeline and spatial parallelism in FPGA hardware (2016)

High-level synthesis (HLS) is increasingly becoming a mainstream design methodology for FPGAs. Whereas its previous applications were mostly limited to research and simple designs, it is now being used to tape-out real-world chips in production [1]. Advances in compiler and HLS research continue to improve the quality of HLS-generated hardware. Despite this, the ease-of-use of HLS tools remains a hurdle to its broad uptake, particularly by engineers without hardware skills. To this end, we propose using a well-known software technique to infer streaming parallel hardware in HLS. Specifically, we use the producer-consumer pattern, commonly used in multi-threaded programming, to infer the generation of hardware that can exploit both pipeline and spatial parallelism on FPGAs. Our proposed methodology allows one to create a design in software, using only standard software methodologies, that cannot only synthesize to streaming hardware, but also model the generated hardware more accurately than existing solutions from other state-of-the-art C-based HLS tools. We use four different real-world benchmarks to illustrate the use of our methodology, and how it can create circuits that are either pipelined, or pipelined and replicated, all from software. For comparison, we also use a commercial HLS tool to synthesize one of the benchmarks, and show that our methodology can produce competitive results to that of the commercial tool.
Direct detection of Pseudomonas syringae pathovar Phaseolicola using the polymeras chain reaction (PCR) (1991)

Direct detection of [i]Pseudomonas syringae[/i] pathovar Phaseolicola using the polymeras chain reaction (PCR). 4th International Working Group on Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars
The Effects of Water Temperature and Simulated Angling on the Physiological Stress Response of Largemouth Bass (2022)

Abstract The Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides , a popular sport fish, is subjected to multiple sublethal stressors during angling, including high water temperature, exercise, handling, live‐well retention, and weigh‐in procedures. Combined effects of ambient and live‐well temperatures on the stress response and recovery from angling‐induced exercise have not been tested in conditions similar to those encountered in tournaments. Therefore, we assessed the effects of ambient temperature (17, 25, and 33°C) and live‐well temperature differential (−4, 0, and +4°C) on the physiological stress response of Largemouth Bass (mean length = 331 mm) at rest, following a simulated angling stressor, and throughout 8 h of recovery in live wells. Stress variables were measured in whole blood (hematocrit, hemoglobin, pH, partial pressure of oxygen [pO 2 ], partial pressure of carbon dioxide [pCO 2 ], Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Cl − , and leukocytes) and plasma (cortisol, glucose, lactate, and osmolality). Fish acclimated to 17°C showed the greatest cortisol response after the chasing stressor; however, higher levels of glucose, lactate, pCO 2 , K + , and monocyte percentage were found at 33°C, and blood pH, Cl − , and lymphocyte percentage were lower at 33°C than at 17°C. When live‐well temperature was manipulated, cortisol levels were highest in fish subjected to the coldest conditions (acclimated to 17°C and retained in 13°C and 17°C live wells) and the warmest condition (acclimated to 33°C and retained in 37°C live wells). However, all fish subjected to the colder extremes survived, whereas 100% mortality occurred in the warmest condition. Besides cortisol, indicators of stress were less pronounced at colder temperatures. Glucose, lactate, and notably K + concentrations were highest in 37°C live wells, and blood pH, Ca 2+ , Na + , and Cl − were lowest. Low blood lymphocytes and high monocytes at the warmest conditions indicate reduced immunocompetence or inflammation. Mortality at high temperature may result from exhaustion of aerobic and anaerobic energy sources, failure to recover from metabolic acidosis, and an inability to regain ionic balance.
Patterns in spatial point locations: Local indicators of spatial association in a minefield with clutter (2001)

Abstract The problem of detecting a minefield in the presence of clutter can be abstracted to that of detecting a spatial pattern within a set of point locations. The point locations are superpositions of several patterns, one of which corresponds to mines. In contrast to previous articles that take a formal, model‐based approach, this article proposes a statistical methodology that is distinctly exploratory. Each point location is considered separately, and its contributions to a global measure of spatial distances between locations are featured. Different patterns and unusual points can be more easily identified on the new scale. Both minefield data and simulated point patterns demonstrate the power of the method. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., Naval Research Logistics 48:333–347, 2001
Simple derivative optical spectrometer (1975)

A wavelength modulation spectrometer that can be easily assembled is illustrated. The apparatus, which employs a double beam scheme with two detectors followed by standard electronics, allows the simultaneous detection of absorption (or reflection) spectra and their logarithmic derivatives. The smallest modulation that can be detected has been found to be ~10(-5) A(-1) when the bandpass is ~2 A.
Model Predictive Control and the Optimization of Power Plant Load while Considering Lifetime Consumption (2001)

This paper describes a decision support system that indicates to a power plant operator the effect of daily operation on plant lifetime consumption and recommends short-term operating strategies that optimize plant economic performance. The recommended operating strategy is based on the optimization of an objective function that includes terms for revenues from energy sales, production costs, and plant ageing. Plant ageing is based on models that are directly load dependent and incorporate a memory aspect-a feature that is missing from common lifetime modeling techniques. The optimization results in a trade-off between maximization of immediate profits (i.e., earnings achieved by selling heat and power) and minimization of lifetime consumption. Model predictive control and the mixed logical dynamic (MLD) approach are used to solve the posed optimization problem.
Influence of pH on the Reductive Transformation of Birnessite by Aqueous Mn(II) (2013)

We investigated the effect of pH (5.5-8.5) on the mineralogical transformation of hexagonal birnessite induced by reaction with aqueous Mn(II) (50-2200 μM), using batch sorption experiments, X-ray diffraction analyses, X-ray absorption and infrared spectroscopic measurements. Samples reacted at pH < 7.0 exhibited disrupted stacking of birnessite sheets, but no mineralogical transformation products were observed. At pH 7.0 and 7.5, reaction with Mn(II) under anoxic conditions caused reductive transformation of birnessite into manganite (γ-MnOOH), whereas at pH 8.0 and 8.5, conversion into hausmannite (Mn3O4) occurred. Feitknechtite (β-MnOOH) is a major transformation product at low Mn(II) inputs at pH 7.0-8.5, and represents a metastable reaction intermediate that is converted into manganite and possibly hausmannite during further reaction with Mn(II). Thermodynamic calculations suggest that conversion into hausmannite at alkaline pH reflects a kinetic effect where rapid hausmannite precipitation prevents formation of thermodynamically more favorable manganite. In oxic systems, feitknechtite formation due to surface catalyzed oxidation of Mn(II) by O2 increases Mn(II) removal relative to anoxic systems at pH ≥ 7. The results of this study suggest that aqueous Mn(II) is an important control on the mineralogy and reactivity of natural Mn-oxides, particularly in aqueous geochemical environments with neutral to alkaline pH values.
Biodistribution study of 188Re-labeled trisuccin-HuCC49 and trisuccin-HuCC49deltaCh2 conjugates in athymic nude mice bearing intraperitoneal colon cancer xenografts. (1999)

The trihydroxamate bifunctional chelating agent (BCA), trisuccin, has been shown to be a potential ligand for radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with rhenium radioisotopes, through an indirect postconjugation approach. The use of this trihydroxamate BCA made it possible to prepare stable BCA-MAb conjugates in pure form that could be radiolabeled with carrier-free 188Re. The anti-TAG-72 murine MAb, CC49, and its humanized derivatives are promising agents in the treatment of a number of malignancies with the CH2 domain-deleted MAb (HuCC49deltaCH2), which is of particular interest due to its rapid blood clearance. The biodistribution of 188Re-labeled conjugates of trisuccin with both humanized CC49 (HuCC49) and HuCC49deltaCH2 in athymic nude mice implanted i.p. with LS174T human colon carcinoma was studied. Trisuccin-MAb conjugates were synthesized at different BCA:MAb ratios by the 6-oxoheptanoic acid method using trisuccin hydrazide. The conjugates were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy for the number of incorporated trisuccin molecules. The conjugates were radiolabeled with carrier-free, generator-produced 188Re and purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. Labeling yields and homogeneity of the labeled conjugates were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography and instant TLC. Athymic nude mice were injected i.p. with LS174T human colon carcinoma cells, 7 days prior to injection of the labeled antibodies. 188Re-labeled MAbs were injected i.p., and the mice were sacrificed 24 h postinjection. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analyses showed stable incorporation of trisuccin into each MAb, with the measured ligand:MAb values positively correlating with the theoretical ratios. Labeling of the conjugates with 188Re proceeded with high yields, producing homogeneous 188Re-MAbs with good stabilities as shown by instant TLC and biodistribution analyses. Biodistribution of the radiolabeled MAbs at 24 h after injection showed median tumor uptake values of 23.5%ID/g and 17.6%ID/g for the 188Re-HuCC49deltaCH2 and 188Re-HuCC49, respectively. The blood clearance of the domain-deleted MAb was faster than that of the intact antibody. The blood values at 24 h after injection were 0.7%ID/g for 188Re-HuCC49deltaCH2 and 3.2%ID/g for 188Re-HuCC49. The results indicate that trisuccin is a promising agent for postconjugation labeling of antibodies with 188Re. Additionally, these results illustrate the potential of 188Re-HuCC49deltaCH2 in radioimmunodiagnosis and radioimmunotherapy of cancer.
Broadband source localization using an adaptive technique (2003)

The first step is a frequency dependent ARMA modeling of the signals coming from an array of sensors in presence of additive white noise. The purpose is to estimate an ARMA model at a single frequency f/sub 0/ which takes into account the information available in the whole frequency band. The idea is then to exploit the frequency variation of the ARMA models. This frequency evolution appears in the state space equation of a Kalman filter indexed by frequency where the state vectors are the ARMA models. The observation equation at each frequency is given by the ARMA modeling of signals. Filtering is followed by smoothing so that the model at frequency f/sub 0/ integrates the information of all the frequency band.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Molecular Processes and Hub Genes of Acropora Palmata in Response to Thermal Stress And Bleaching (2019)

Yuan, J.; Liu, L.; Zhang, Y.; Shen, C., and Lin, S., 2019. Molecular processes and hub genes of Acropora palmata in response to thermal stress and bleaching. Journal of Coastal Research, 35(1), 26–32. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Among many environmental factors, high temperature is the main factor that causes coral bleaching. Thus, analyses of the bleaching mechanism and important genes involved in coral responses to thermal stress and bleaching are important. This study explored the gene expression profiling data (GSE16151) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database by using bioinformatics analysis to study the molecular processes and hub genes involved in the thermal stress and bleaching responses of the coral Acropora palmata. The results suggest that thermal stress down-regulated the snoRNP genes, which led to a reduction of some ribosomal proteins, and then decreased biosynthesis, resulting in disruption of a series of biological processes such as the glyoxylate cycle and vitamin metabolic processes. Moreover, the coral cytoskeleton showed breakdown because the CCT7 gene was down-regulated and because of insufficient adenosine triphosphate production caused by the thermal stress. All these responses will destroy the P53 pathway and initiate apoptosis and ultimately necrosis. In addition, 107 differentially expressed genes were detected between the normal and bleached corals, indicating that snoRNPs, CCT7, RPL37, and RPS27A may be the hub genes responsible for thermal stress and bleaching responses. These genes can be used as new biomarkers to help solve the problem of coral bleaching.
Surgical management of neuroma pain: A prospective follow-up study (2010)

Painful neuromas can cause severe loss of function and have great impact on the daily life of patients. Surgical management remains challenging; despite improving techniques, success rates are low. To accurately study the success of surgical neuroma treatment and factors predictive of outcome, a prospective follow-up study was performed. Between 2006 and 2009, pre- and post-operative questionnaires regarding pain (VAS, McGill), function (DASH), quality of life (SF-36), symptoms of psychopathology (SCL-90), epidemiologic determinants and other outcome factors were sent to patients surgically treated for upper extremity neuroma pain. Pain scores after diagnostic nerve blocks were documented at the outpatient clinic before surgery. Thirty-four patients were included, with an average follow up time of 22 months. The mean VAS score decreased from 6.8 to 4.9 after surgery (p<0.01), 19 (56%) of patients were satisfied with surgical results. Upper extremity function improved significantly (p=0.001). Neuroma patients had significantly lower quality of life compared to a normal population. Employment status, duration of pain and CRPS symptoms were found to be prognostic factors. VAS scores after diagnostic nerve block were predictive of post-operative VAS scores (p=0.001). Furthermore, smoking was significantly related to worse outcome (relative risk: 2.10). The results could lead to improved patient selection and treatment strategies. If a diagnostic nerve block is ineffective in relieving pain, patients will most likely not benefit from surgical treatment. Patients should be encouraged to focus on activity and employment instead of their symptoms. Smoking should be discouraged in patients who will undergo surgical neuroma treatment.
A methodology to enable automatic 3D routing of aircraft Electrical Wiring Interconnection System (2017)

Harness 3D routing is one of the most challenging steps in the design of aircraft Electrical Wiring Interconnection System (EWIS). This is due not only to the intrinsic complexity of the EWIS, but also to the increasing number of applying design constraints and its dependency on any change in the design of the airframe and installed systems. The current routing process employed by EWISdesign is largely based on the manual work of expert engineers, partially supported by conventional CAD systems. As a result, the routing process is quite inefficient, error prone and unable to deliver optimal solutions. Although many harness components are selected from catalogues and the design process is largely repetitive and rule based, it has been found that none or very limited automation solutions, which can significantly decrease the workload of engineers and increase their efficiency, are currently available. In this paper, an innovative approach is proposed to solve the 3D routing automation as an optimization problem. Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) and optimization methods are proposed to achieve minimum cost routing solutions that satisfy all relevant design rules and constraints. The proposed solution is scalable in terms of constraints, can be deployed on any type of routing environment, and, thanks to the achieved level of automation, able to reduce the process lead time drastically. The basic idea is to achieve optimal EWIS routing solutions by optimizing the position of the harnesses clamping points, which are used as way-points to route the harnesses inside the aircraft digital mock-up. The challenge to solve this optimization problem is that the number and initial value of design variables, namely the number and position of clamping points, are not known a priori. To handle this challenge, a two-step, hybrid optimization strategy has been devised. The first step, called Initialization, uses a road map based path finding method to generate a preliminary harness definition, including the required number and preliminary position of its clamping points. The second step, called Refinement, uses a conventional optimization method to move the position of the clamps and refine the preliminary harness definition aiming for the minimum cost and the satisfaction of all the design constraints. This approach has been implemented into a KBE application connected with a commercial optimization package and tested on several routing cases. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of handling cases of representative geometric complexity and design constraints and delivering proper 3D harness models in full automation.
Energy-Efficient Chain Formation Algorithm for Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

In wireless sensor networks, since sensor nodes are distributed in inaccessible regions for data gathering, they need to be operated during an assigned time without battery recharging and relocation. For this reason, there has been abundant research on improving energy efficiency. PEGASIS, one of the well-known chain-based routing protocols for improving energy efficiency, builds a chain based on the greedy algorithm. However, due to long communication distance of some sensor nodes in a chain formed by the greedy algorithm, unbalanced energy consumption of sensor nodes occurs. Eventually, the network lifetime from this cause decreases. We propose energy efficient chain formation (EECF) algorithm to resolve the unbalanced energy consumption problem caused by long-distance data transmission of some nodes in a chain formed by the greedy algorithm. The simulation results are used to verify the energy consumption balance of sensor nodes and the whole network lifetime. In simulation, it is shown that EECF produces better results than the greedy algorithm.
Conversion of Rapid City Pilot Plant, Phase II. Heat and mass balance calculating program for pressurized fluidized bed gasification process; WEGAS User's Manual (1978)

The pressurized fluidized bed coal gasification process has been modeled by a steady-state mass and energy balance program, WEGAS. Two alternative cold-gas desulfurization processes, Benfield and Selexol, have been integrated with the gasification model and are available for use in analyzing both the gasification model and integrated low Btu gas-fired combined cycle power plant. This report contains the User's Manual needed to use the program and a sample problem is presented to illustrate the input/output formats.
Phoma belangrijkste oorzaak van bladvlekken (2009)

Phoma blijkt de belangrijkste ziekteverwekker te zijn bij bladvlekken in zowel Delphinium and Campunala. Bij Chelone kan Botrytis de ziekteverwekker zijn
NAD-Malic Enzyme Affects Nitrogen Fixing Activity of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 Bacteroids in Soybean Nodules (2008)

The NAD(+)-dependent malic enzyme (DME) has been reported to play a key role supporting nitrogenase activity in bacteroids of Sinorhizobium meliloti. Genetic evidence for a similar role in Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 was obtained by constructing a dme mutant. Soybean plants inoculated with a dme mutant did not show delayed nodulation, but formed small root nodules and exhibited significant nitrogen-deficiency symptoms. Nodule numbers and the acetylene reducting activity per nodule as a dry weight value 14 and 28 days after inoculation with the dme mutant were comparable to those of plants inoculated with wild-type B. japonicum. However, shoot dry weight and acetylene reducting activity per nodule decreased to ca. 30% of the values in plants with wild-type B. japonicum. The sucrose and organic acid (malate, succinate, acetate, α-ketoglutarate and lactate) contents of the nodules were investigated. Amounts of sucrose, malate and a-ketoglutarate increased on inoculation with the dme mutant, suggesting that the decreased DME and nitrogenase activities in the bacteroids resulted in a reduction in the consumption of these respiratory metabolites by the nodules. The data suggest that the DME activity of B. japonicum bacteroids plays a role in nodule metabolism and supports nitrogen fixation.
Fuzzy logic control and optimization system (2023)

A control system (300) for optimizing a power plant includes a chemical loop having an input for receiving an input signal (369) and an output for outputting an output signal (367), and a hierarchical fuzzy control system (400) operably connected to the chemical loop. The hierarchical fuzzy control system (400) includes a plurality of fuzzy controllers (330). The hierarchical fuzzy control system (400) receives the output signal (367), optimizes the input signal (369) based on the received output signal (367), and outputs an optimized input signal (369) to the input of the chemical loop to control a process of the chemical loop in an optimized manner.
ParallAX (2007)

Future interactive entertainment applications will featurethe physical simulation of thousands of interacting objectsusing explosions, breakable objects, and cloth effects. Whilethese applications require a tremendous amount of performanceto satisfy the minimum frame rate of 30 FPS, there is a dramatic amount of parallelism in future physics workloads.How will future physics architectures leverage parallelismto achieve the real-time constraint?.