gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stretchable Circuits: 3D Multifunctional Composites Based on Large‐Area Stretchable Circuit with Thermoforming Technology (Adv. Electron. Mater. 8/2018) (2018)

Combining stretchable circuits and thermoforming technology, a method to produce 3D multifunctional polymer composites is described by Yang Yang, Jan Vanfleteren, and co-workers in article number 1800071. A demonstrator consisting of a seven-segment display with integrated LEDs and capacitive touch sensors is fabricated using the proposed method. The cover image was designed and illustrated by Xiao-Meng Wu and Dong Tao.
Radiation esophageal stent. (2017)

e15514 Baclground:Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) produce palliative dysphagia relief for esophageal cancers (EC) which is enhanced by brachytherapy. We present a brachytherapy stent designed to deliver radiation to ECs with brachytherapy sources in the porcine esophagus. Methods: A radioactive carrier stent containing I 125 seeds was designed to deliver 60 Gy to 5mm depth over 2 months. One dummy,non-radioactive seeds, and 3 radioactive stents were implanted into the esophagus of Yucatan minipigs. Stents were left in place for up to 43 days after implant, and one pig survived 10 weeks after stent removal. Animals were monitored biweekly via endoscopy and fluoroscopic imaging throughout the study collecting tissue at necropsy. Results: Swine esophageal tissue received doses ranging from 39-48 Gy at the prescription depth of 5mm and 132-160 Gy at the mucosal surface. Tissues were assessed pathologically at 0, 1, and 10 weeks after stent removall. Endoscopic assessment of all irradiated animals found increasingly pronounced and permanent infolding of the proximal stent flare over time, eventually resulting in early stent removal. At stent removal, all animals had numerous benign mucosal polyps ( &lt; 5mm) at both stent flares which mostly resolved. within 6 weeks of removal, At gross necropsy, small amounts of necrotic tissue as well as mucosal polyps were observed along the entire length of the tissue adjacent to the radioactive stent (mostly adjacent to the stent flares). No systemic effects related to radiation were observed. Conclusions: We demonstrated that brachytherapy stent delivery is feasible and reasonably safe for irradiated healthy tissue. Although irradiation &gt; 130 Gy affected the mucosal tissue, stent-related injury appeared to cause more substantial damage to the tissue. Both experimental and control animals showed the most marked tissue reaction at the non radiative stent flares. Tissue reactions along the stent body were consistent with stent related tissue erosion possibly enhanced by radiation exposure, . One animal, assessed up to 10 weeks after stent removal showed nearly complete healing of the esophageal tissue. Future studies will assess safety in a larger cohort of animals with escalated RT doses and different radionuclides.
Architectural considerations for photonic IP router based upon optical code correlation (2000)

A photonic label switching router (PLSR) of which the photonic label processing is based upon optical code correlation, is investigated. To resolve the electronic router's bottleneck in current Internet protocol (IP) over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks, we will envision IP over photonic networks in which the PLSRs totally replace the electronic routers. The architectures of PLSR including the photonic label processing, the photonic label swapping, and the optical switching and their optical implementations are studied. Results of proof-of-concept experiments for the photonic label processing and photonic label swapping will confirm the feasibility to attain the target performance: the throughput of 100 Tb/s at least, the processing speed around 10 Gpacket/s, and the number of label entries up to 10 k.
Intermolecular Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Reactions with Silicon-Substituted Carbonyl Ylides (2002)

[reaction: see text] The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of benzyl 2-trialkylsilyl-2-diazoacetates with various acyclic and cyclic ketones affords novel dioxolanones via silicon-substituted carbonyl ylides in up to 98% yield.
Improved blood glucose estimation through multi-sensor fusion (2011)

Continuous glucose monitoring systems are an integral component of diabetes management. Efforts to improve the accuracy and robustness of these systems are at the forefront of diabetes research. Towards this goal, a multi-sensor approach was evaluated in hospitalized patients. In this paper, we report on a multi-sensor fusion algorithm to combine glucose sensor measurements in a retrospective fashion. The results demonstrate the algorithm's ability to improve the accuracy and robustness of the blood glucose estimation with current glucose sensor technology.
Flavonoid Inhibition of Sodium-dependent Vitamin C Transporter 1 (SVCT1) and Glucose Transporter Isoform 2 (GLUT2), Intestinal Transporters for Vitamin C and Glucose (2002)

Vitamin C and flavonoids, polyphenols with uncertain function, are abundant in fruits and vegetables. We postulated that flavonoids have a novel regulatory action of delaying or inhibiting absorption of vitamin C and glucose, which are structurally similar. From six structural classes of flavonoids, at least 12 compounds were chosen for studies. We investigated the effects of selected flavonoids on the intestinal vitamin C transporter SVCT1(h) by transfecting and overexpressing SVCT1(h) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Flavonoids reversibly inhibited vitamin C transport in transfected cells with IC(50) values of 10-50 microm, concentrations expected to have physiologic consequences. The most potent inhibitor class was flavonols, of which quercetin is most abundant in foods. Because Chinese hamster ovary cells have endogenous vitamin C transport, we expressed SVCT1(h) in Xenopus laevis oocytes to study the mechanism of transport inhibition. Quercetin was a reversible and non-competitive inhibitor of ascorbate transport; K(i) 17.8 microm. Quercetin was a potent non-competitive inhibitor of GLUT2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes; K(i) 22.8 microm. When diabetic rats were administered glucose with quercetin, hyperglycemia was significantly decreased compared with administration of glucose alone. Quercetin also significantly decreased ascorbate absorption in normal rats given ascorbate plus quercetin compared with rats given ascorbate alone. Quercetin was a specific transport inhibitor, because it did not inhibit intestinal sugar transporters GLUT5 and SGLT1 that were injected and expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Quercetin inhibited but was not transported by SVCT1(h). Considered together, these data show that flavonoids modulate vitamin C and glucose transport by their respective intestinal transporters and suggest a new function for flavonoids.
Cell-specific deletion of C1qa identifies microglia as the dominant source of C1q in mouse brain (2017)

Thus, microglia, but not neurons or peripheral sources, are the dominant source of C1q in the brain. While demonstrating that the Cx3cr1 <sup>CreERT2/WganJ</sup> deleter cannot be used for adult-induced deletion of genes in microglia, the model described here enables further investigation of physiological roles of C1q in the brain and identification of therapeutic targets for the selective control of complement-mediated activities contributing to neurodegenerative disorders.
Dendritic Cell Internalization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Influence of Heparan Sulfate Binding on Virus Uptake and Induction of the Immune Response (2008)

Dendritic cells (DC), which are essential for inducing and regulating immune defenses and responses, represent the critical target for vaccines against pathogens such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Although it is clear that FMDV enters epithelial cells via integrins, little is known about FMDV interaction with DC. Accordingly, DC internalization of FMDV antigen was analyzed by comparing vaccine virus dominated by heparan sulfate (HS)-binding variants with FMDV lacking HS-binding capacity. The internalization was most efficient with the HS-binding virus, employing diverse endocytic pathways. Moreover, internalization relied primarily on HS binding. Uptake of non-HS-binding virus by DC was considerably less efficient, so much so that it was often difficult to detect virus interacting with the DC. The HS-binding FMDV replicated in DC, albeit transiently, which was demonstrable by its sensitivity to cycloheximide treatment and the short duration of infectious virus production. There was no evidence that the non-HS-binding virus replicated in the DC. These observations on virus replication may be explained by the activities of viral RNA in the DC. When DC were transfected with infectious RNA, only 1% of the translated viral proteins were detected. Nevertheless, the transfected cells, and DC which had internalized live virus, did present antigen to lymphocytes, inducing an FMDV-specific immunoglobulin G response. These results demonstrate that DC internalization of FMDV is most efficient for vaccine virus with HS-binding capacity, but HS binding is not an exclusive requirement. Both non-HS-binding virus and infectious RNA interacting with DC induce specific immune responses, albeit less efficiently than HS-binding virus.
Evidence of synergy between prochloraz and deltamethrin in apis mellifera L.: a convenient biological approach (1992)

Abstract We have studied the synergistic action of deltamethrin and prochloraz in bees in laboratory experiments that allowed us to express dosages in terms of field rates (g ha −1 ). It was established that, used alone, deltamethrin at 0·125 g ha −1 and prochloraz at 25 g ha −1 did not produce mortalities different from that of the control during 96 h of observation. Sprayed as a mixture of these doses, deltamethrin and prochloraz produced 67·5% corrected mortality within 24 h and 74·1% corrected mortality within 50 h. Sequential treatments of deltamethrin and prochloraz spaced by a 0·8‐day interval reduced the synergistic action of both molecules. At 50 h, the lethal effects were 27·5% corrected mortality for the treatment of deltamethrin followed by prochloraz and 23·8% corrected mortality for the treatment of prochloraz followed by deltamethrin. Results are discussed in terms of mode of action and sub‐lethal effects.
Role of Surface Pores on Fouling of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membranes in Submerged Membrane Bioreactors (2017)

In this study, the roles of surface pores on membrane fouling was investigated using three membranes in two lab-scale membrane bioreactors. Characterization of the pristine membranes revealed that increasing polymer concentration decreases pore sizes and porosity. Critical flux was found to decrease with decreasing pore sizes. The finding was consistent for both MBRs. The results of the long-term filtration were in agreement with the flux-stepping test. The fouling layer was easily removed and only a few small particles remained as were observed with scanning electron microscopy. Surface pore sizes and porosity declined for all cleaned membranes, indicating permanent pore blocking, and the effect was higher for membranes with larger pore size.
P2X7Receptor and Polykarion Formation (2000)

Cell fusion is a central phenomenon during the immune response that leads to formation of large elements called multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) of common occurrence at sites of granulomatous inflammation. We have previously reported on the involvement in this event of a novel receptor expressed to high level by mononuclear phagocytes, the purinergic P2X(7) receptor. Herein, we show that blockade of this receptor by a specific monoclonal antibody prevents fusion in vitro. In contrast, cell fusion is stimulated by addition of enzymes that destroy extracellular ATP (i.e., apyrase or hexokinase). Experiments performed with phagocytes selected for high (P2X(7) hyper) or low (P2X(7) hypo) P2X(7) expression show that fusion only occurs between P2X(7) hyper/P2X(7) hyper and not between P2X(7) hyper/P2X(7) hypo or P2X(7) hypo/P2X(7) hypo. During MGCs formation we detected activation of caspase 3, an enzyme that is powerfully stimulated by P2X(7). Finally, we observed that during MGCs formation, the P2X(7) receptor is preferentially localized at sites of cell-to-cell contact. These findings support the hypothesis originally put forward by our group that the P2X(7) receptor participates in multinucleated giant cell formation.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of a Series of Dimeric Indium Quinolinates (2020)

A novel class of quinolinol-based dimeric indium complexes (<b>1</b>-<b>6</b>) was synthesized and characterized using <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C(<sup>1</sup>H) NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Compounds <b>1</b>-<b>6</b> exhibited typical low-energy absorption bands assignable to quinolinol-centered π-π* charge transfer (CT) transition. The emission spectra of <b>1</b>-<b>6</b> exhibited slight bathochromic shifts with increasing solvent polarity (<i>p</i>-xylene < tetrahydrofuran (THF) < dichloromethane (DCM)). The emission bands also showed a gradual redshift, with an increase in the electron-donating effect of substituents at the C5 position of the quinoline groups. The absolute emission quantum yields (Φ<sub>PL</sub>) of compounds <b>1</b> (11.2% in THF and 17.2% in film) and <b>4</b> (17.8% in THF and 36.2% in film) with methyl substituents at the C5 position of the quinoline moieties were higher than those of the indium complexes with other substituents.
Robotics in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (2021)

Recent advances in endoscopic technology allow clinicians to not only detect digestive diseases early, but also provide appropriate treatment. The development of various therapeutic endoscopic technologies has changed the paradigm in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, contributing greatly to improving the quality of life of patients. The application of robotics for gastrointestinal endoscopy improves the maneuverability and therapeutic ability of gastrointestinal endoscopists, but there are still technical limitations. With the development of minimally invasive endoscopic treatment, clinicians need more sophisticated and precise endoscopic instruments. Novel robotic systems are being developed for application in various clinical fields, to ultimately develop into minimally invasive robotic surgery to lower the risk to patients. Robots for endoscopic submucosal dissection, autonomous locomotive robotic colonoscopes, and robotic capsule endoscopes are currently being developed. In this review, the most recently developed innovative endoscopic robots were evaluated according to their operating mechanisms and purpose of use. Robotic endoscopy is an innovative treatment platform for future digestive endoscopy.
Interrelation of Intracellular Proteases With Total Parenteral Nutrition‐Induced Gut Mucosal Atrophy and Increase of Mucosal Macromolecular Transmission in Rats (1995)

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is known to induce mucosal atrophy and to increase macromolecular transmission of the small intestine. The potential participation of various proteases in that process was investigated. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: the TPN group (n = 11) received a standard TPN (250 kcal/kg per day, 1.78 g nitrogen/kg per day) and the FED group (n = 10) received a standard rat food for 1 week. This was followed by an examination of gut macromolecular transmission of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran 70,000 (FITC-dextran) after intragastric injection and of the activities of gut mucosal cathepsins B, H, and L and of proteasome. Mucosal wet weight and protein content decreased significantly by TPN for 1 week. In both groups, the activities of all proteases in the ileum were significantly greater than in the jejunum. In the TPN group, cathepsin L and H activities in the ileum, and cathepsin B activity in both the jejunum and the ileum, were greater than those in the FED group. The portal concentration of FITC-dextran was higher than arterial and venous concentrations in the both groups. In the TPN group, the portal FITC-dextran concentration increased significantly compared with the FED group. In conclusion, active proteolysis is not associated with TPN-induced mucosal atrophy. Cathepsins activities in the ileum increase as a result of TPN. Interrelationship is implicated between increase of lysosomal protease activity and the deterioration of the intestinal barrier function, which permits macromolecular transmission.
Min-max sort (1987)

A simple sorting algorithm which can be considered as a double-ended selection sort is presented. The algorithm, called min-max sort is based on the optimal method for simultaneously finding the smallest and the largest elements in an array [2]. The smallest and the largest elements found are pushed respectively to the left and right of the array, and the process is repeated on the middle portion. The correctness and termination of min-max sort are easily demonstrated through the use of standard loop invariant ideas. The algorithm fits the “hard split/easy join” paradigm of Merritt [1].
End-Point Assay (2016)

Biomolecular screening is now a crucial component of the drug discovery process, and this glossary will be of use to practitioners in the field of screening and to those who interact with the screening community. The glossary contains definitions related to various aspects of the screening process such as assay types, data handling, and relevant technologies. Many of the terms used in this discipline are not covered by existing glossaries, and where they are, the definitions are often not appropriate for this field. Where appropriate, this document provides new or modified definitions to better reflect the new context. The field of biomolecular screening is multidisciplinary in nature, and this glossary, containing authoritative definitions, will be useful not only for regular practitioners, but also for those who make use of data generated during the screening process.
Multi sensor fusion of camera and 3D laser range finder for object recognition (2010)

This paper proposes multi sensor fusion based on an effective calibration method for a perception system designed for mobile robots and intended for later object recognition. The perception system consists of a camera and a three-dimensional laser range finder. The three-dimensional laser range finder is based on a two-dimensional laser scanner and a pan-tilt unit as a moving platform. The calibration permits the coalescence of the two most important sensors for three-dimensional environment perception, namely a laser scanner and a camera. Both sensors permit multi sensor fusion consisting of color and depth information. The calibration process based upon a specific calibration pattern is used to define the extrinsic parameters and calculate the transformation between a laser range finder and a camera. The found transformation assigns an exact position and the color information to each point of the surroundings. As a result, the advantages of both sensors can be combined. The resulting structure consists of colored unorganized point clouds. The achieved results can be visualized with OpenGL and used for surface reconstruction. This way, typical robotic tasks like object recognition, grasp calculation or handling of objects can be realized. The results of our experiments are presented in this paper.
Nonlinear-optical parameters of various media (2007)

A review of investigations of nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption of light in semiconductors, fullerenes, dyes, metals, and crystals is given. The results of measurements of the nonlinear refraction coefficients, nonlinear absorption coefficients, saturation intensities, and nonlinear susceptibilities of these media by using laser radiation at different wavelengths and the z-scan method are presented. Methods of preparation of nanoparticles based on these media and studies of their nonlinear-optical parameters are discussed. Some media are analysed from the point of view of their application as optical limiters of laser radiation. Investigations of higher nonlinearities of some media are also considered.
Modular control analysis of effects of chronic hypoxia on mouse heart (2008)

Modular control analysis (MoCA; Diolez P, Deschodt-Arsac V, Raffard G, Simon C, Santos PD, Thiaudiere E, Arsac L, Franconi JM. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 293: R13-R19, 2007) was applied here on perfused hearts to describe the modifications of the regulation of heart energetics induced in mice exposed to 3-wk chronic hypoxia. MoCA combines 31P-NMR spectroscopy and modular (top down) control analysis to describe the integrative regulation of energy metabolism in the intact beating heart, on the basis of two modules [ATP/phosphocreatine (PCr) production and ATP/PCr consumption] connected by the energetic intermediates. In contrast with previous results in rat heart, in which all control of contraction was on ATP demand, mouse heart energetics presented a shared control of contraction between ATP/PCr-producing and -consuming modules. In chronic hypoxic mice, the decrease in heart contractile activity and PCr-to-ATP ratio was surprisingly associated with an important and significant higher response of ATP/PCr production (elasticity) to PCr changes compared with control hearts (-10.4 vs. -2.46). By contrast, no changes were observed in ATP/PCr consumption since comparable elasticities were observed. Since elasticities determine the regulation of energetics of heart contraction, the present results show that this new parameter may be used to uncover the origin of the observed dysfunctions under chronic hypoxia conditions. Considering the decrease in mitochondrial content reported after exposure to chronic hypoxia, it appears that the improvement of ATP/PCr production response to ATP demand may be viewed as a positive adaptative mechanism. It now appears crucial to understand the very processes responsible for ATP/PCr producer elasticity toward the energetic intermediates, as well as their regulation.
Role of Pharmacogenetics in Adverse Drug Reactions: An Update towards Personalized Medicine (2021)

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an important and frequent cause of morbidity and mortality. ADR can be related to a variety of drugs, including anticonvulsants, anaesthetics, antibiotics, antiretroviral, anticancer, and antiarrhythmics, and can involve every organ or apparatus. The causes of ADRs are still poorly understood due to their clinical heterogeneity and complexity. In this scenario, genetic predisposition toward ADRs is an emerging issue, not only in anticancer chemotherapy, but also in many other fields of medicine, including hemolytic anemia due to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, aplastic anemia, porphyria, malignant hyperthermia, epidermal tissue necrosis (Lyell's Syndrome and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome), epilepsy, thyroid diseases, diabetes, Long QT and Brugada Syndromes. The role of genetic mutations in the ADRs pathogenesis has been shown either for dose-dependent or for dose-independent reactions. In this review, we present an update of the genetic background of ADRs, with phenotypic manifestations involving blood, muscles, heart, thyroid, liver, and skin disorders. This review aims to illustrate the growing usefulness of genetics both to prevent ADRs and to optimize the safe therapeutic use of many common drugs. In this prospective, ADRs could become an untoward "stress test," leading to new diagnosis of genetic-determined diseases. Thus, the wider use of pharmacogenetic testing in the work-up of ADRs will lead to new clinical diagnosis of previously unsuspected diseases and to improved safety and efficacy of therapies. Improving the genotype-phenotype correlation through new lab techniques and implementation of artificial intelligence in the future may lead to personalized medicine, able to predict ADR and consequently to choose the appropriate compound and dosage for each patient.