gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: New Epoxy and Hardener System Based on an Imidazolium Ionic Liquid as an Anticorrosive Coating for Steel in the Marine Environment (2023)

The large sizes of cations and anions of organic salts are the driving force for the application of ionic liquids (organic salts) in harsh salty conditions. Moreover, the formation of crosslinked ionic liquid networks as anti-rust and anticorrosion protective films on the substrate surfaces repels seawater salt and water vapor from their surface to prevent corrosion. In this respect, an imidazolium epoxy resin and polyamine hardener as ionic liquids were prepared by the condensation of either pentaethylenehexamine or ethanolamine with glyoxal and <i>p</i>-hydroxybenzaldehyde or formalin in acetic acid as a catalyst. The hydroxyl and phenol groups of the imidazolium ionic liquid were reacted with epichlorohydrine in the presence of NaOH as a catalyst to prepare polyfunctional epoxy resins. The chemical structure, nitrogen content, amine value, epoxy equivalent weight, thermal characteristics, and stability of the imidazolium epoxy resin and polyamine hardener were evaluated. Moreover, their curing and thermomechanical properties were investigated to confirm the formation of homogeneous, elastic, and thermally stable cured epoxy networks. The corrosion inhibition and salt spray resistance of the uncured and cured imidazolium epoxy resin and polyamine as coatings for steel in seawater were evaluated.
Intersubband-Cyclotron Combined Resonance in a Surface Space-Charge Layer (1978)

In a magnetic field titled with respect to the sample surface we observe combined resonance transitions because of a coupling of Landau levels and subband states. In the high-density, interacting electron gas on the semiconductor surface these experiments give information on the depolarization and excitonlike shifts involved in the resonant excitation of the system.
Analytical Solution for Transient Thermal Response of an Insulated Structure (2013)

An analytical solution was derived for the transient response of an insulated aerospace vehicle structure subjected to a simplified heat pulse. This simplified problem approximates the thermal response of a thermal protection system of an atmospheric entry vehicle. The exact analytical solution is solely a function of two nondimensional parameters. A simpler function of these two parameters was developed to approximate the maximum structural temperature over a wide range of parameter values. Techniques were developed to choose constant, effective properties to represent the relevant temperature and pressure-dependent properties for the insulator and structure. A technique was also developed to map a time-varying surface temperature history to an equivalent square heat pulse. Using these techniques, the maximum structural temperature rise was calculated using the analytical solutions and shown to typically agree with finite element simulations within 10–20% over the relevant range of parameters studied.
Role of ChREBP in hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance (2007)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is tightly associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and obesity, but the molecular links between hepatic fat accumulation and insulin resistance are not fully identified. Excessive accumulation of triglycerides (TG) is one the main characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and fatty acids utilized for the synthesis of TG in liver are available from the plasma non-esterified fatty acid pool but also from fatty acids newly synthesized through hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Recently, the transcription factor ChREBP (carbohydrate responsive element binding protein) has emerged as a central determinant of lipid synthesis in liver through its transcriptional control of key genes of the lipogenic pathway, including fatty acid synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase. In this mini-review, we will focus on the importance of ChREBP in the physiopathology of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by discussing the physiological and metabolic consequences of ChREBP knockdown in liver of ob/ob mice.
Effects of remote digital monitoring on oral hygiene of orthodontic patients: a prospective study (2021)

Integration of a remote monitoring system during orthodontic treatment was effective in improving plaque control and reducing carious lesions onset. The present findings encourage orthodontists to consider this technology to help maintaining optimal oral health of patients, especially in times of health emergency crisis.
Automated Diagnostic Instruments for Cutaneous Melanoma (2008)

The objective of this review is to report and discuss the evidence for fully automated diagnostic instruments for cutaneous melanoma tested in a real-world clinical setting directly compared with human diagnosis. A systematic review was performed and articles excluded when studies did not report sensitivity or specificity for melanoma directly compared with humans on an independent test set. Only 3 instruments have had their diagnostic accuracy compared with a human diagnosis in the clinical field with a meaningful sample size that could allow some generalization with the wider clinical arena. Two of these instruments showed a significantly inferior specificity for the diagnosis of melanoma compared with specialists. In one of these studies, the sensitivity for diagnosis, although superior to the specialist diagnosis, did not reach statistical significance. In contrast, one instrument had an equivalent specificity and trended superior but not significantly for sensitivity for the diagnosis of melanoma. Other image based nonclinic studies and studies comparing clinical management as the endpoint rather than diagnosis are also reviewed.
The synthesis and polymerization behavior of bimetallic pyridine diamide complexes containing transition metal (Ti, Zr) (1999)

Titanium and zirconium complexes with a pyridine diamide ligand, [2,6-(RNCH2)2NC5H3]2− (PDMP; R = 2,6-dimethylphenyl) have been synthesized and their catalytic behaviors investigated for ethylene polymerization. It was found that the zirconium complexes, [PDMP]ZrCl2 (7) and [PDMP][ZrCl3 × THF]2 (8), gave higher activities than the titanium complexes, [PDMP]TiCl2 (5) and [PDMP][TiCl3]2 (6). The bimetallic complexes (6, 8) gave higher activities than the corresponding monometallic complexes (5, 7). The titanium complexes gave polymers with higher molecular weight (Mw) than the zirconium complexes. The molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the polymers obtained from the pyridine diamide complexes were much broader than that of the normal metallocene catalysts. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 3756–3762, 1999
Characteristics of ammonia/N<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> laminar flame in oxygen-enriched air condition (2015)

Ammonia is regarded as one of the alternative fuels and regarded as a “hydrogen carrier”. Ammonia is an easily-liquefiable fuel. Therefore, it is a suitable fuel for transportation and storage. Also, ammonia can be produced in large quantities by using the Haber-Bosch process with low price. It is known that the laminar burning velocity of ammonia/air mixture is about 10 cm/s at near stoichiometric condition. This laminar burning velocity is very low compared with that of other fossil fuels. Therefore, in order to use ammonia as the alternative fuel, it is necessary to improve the laminar burning velocity of ammonia mixture. In this study, the oxygen-enriched combustion was applied to an ammonia/N2/O2 premixed flame and the effects of the oxygen-enriched combustion on the flammable range, the laminar burning velocity and the flame temperature were evaluated. Also, laminar burning velocity was calculated by using CHEMKIN-Pro. The chemical reaction set about ammonia oxidation, which reported by Lindstedt, was applied as the detailed elementary reactions. Results showed that oxygen concentration was necessary at least 26% to maintain ammonia flame stable. The laminar burning velocity was increased with the increase of O2 concentration in both experimental results and numerical results. At 30% O2 concentration and stoichiometric condition, the laminar burning velocity was 27.4 cm/s. Also, Ammonia flame temperature was around 2167 K under 30% O2 concentration.
Applications of Ultrasound in the Synthesis of organofluorine compounds (1995)

The review focuses on the use on ultrasound in the synthesis of organofluorine compounds by direct introduction of fluorine atoms or fluorine containing moieties. After a short introduction about sonochemical effects reactions involving difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl and higher perfluoroalkyl derivatives are described. Furthermore, the preparation of monofluorinated molecules from alkenes, alcohols, epoxides and aryl halides is reported.
Controller-Aware Dynamic Network Management for Industry 4.0 (2022)

In this paper, we consider a cyber-physical manufacturing system (CPMS) scenario containing physical components (robots, sensors, and actuators), operating in a digitally connected, constrained environment to perform industrial tasks. The CPMS has a centralized control plane with digital twins (DTs) of the physical resources, computational resources, and a network manager that allocates network resources. Existing approaches for allocation of network resources are typically fixed with respect to controller-dependent run-time specifications, which may impact the performance of physical processes. We propose a dynamic network management framework, where the network resource allocation schemes are controller-aware. The information about the controllers of the physical resources is implemented at the DT level, and metrics, such as regret bounds, take the process performance measures into account. The proposed network management schemes optimize physical system performance by balancing the shared resources between the physical assets on the plant floor, and by considering their control requirements, providing a new perspective for dynamic resource allocation. A simulation study is provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed network management approaches and compare their efficiencies.
The New Marxism (1971)

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A first-order model for computation of laser-induced breakdown thresholds in ocular and aqueous media. I. Theory (1995)

An analytic, first-order model has been developed to calculate irradiance thresholds for laser-induced breakdown (LIB) in condensed media, including ocular and aqueous media. The model is derived from the simple rate equation formalism of Shen for cascade breakdown in solids and from the theory of multiphoton ionization in condensed media developed by Keldysh. Analytic expressions have been obtained for the irradiance thresholds corresponding to multiphoton breakdown, to cascade breakdown, and to initiation of cascade breakdown by multiphoton ionization of seed electrons (multiphoton initiation threshold). The model has been incorporated into a computer code and code results compared to experimentally measured irradiance thresholds for breakdown of ocular and aqueous media by nanosecond, picosecond, and femtosecond laser pulses in the visible and near-infrared. The code and comparison of code results to experiment have been documented in part II.
Direct-Interface Fusible Heat Sink Performance Tests (1994)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A high fidelity, direct-interface, fusible heat sink for cooling astronauts during extravehicular activity was constructed and tested. The design includes special connectors that allow the coolant loop to be directly connected to the fusible material, in this case water. Aspects tested were start-up characteristics, cooling rate, and performance during simulated heat loads.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A simplified math model was used to predict the effect of increasing the effective thermal conductivity on heat sink freezing rate. An experiment was designed to measure the effective thermal conductivity of a water/Aluminum foam system, and full gravity tests were conducted to compare the freezing rates of water and water/foam systems. This paper discusses the results of these efforts.&lt;/div&gt;
MODELING, ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF CYLINDRICAL STIFFENED PANELS FOR REUSABLE LAUNCH VEHICLE STRUCTURES (1999)

The design of reusable launch vehicles is driven by the need for minimum weight structures. Preliminary design of reusable launch vehicles requires many optimizations to select among competing structural concepts. Accurate models and analysis methods are required for such structural optimizations. Model, analysis, and optimization complexities have to be compromised to meet constraints on design cycle time and computational resources. Stiffened panels used in reusable launch vehicle tanks exhibit complex buckling failure modes. Using detailed finite element models for buckling analysis is too expensive for optimization. Many approximate models and analysis methods have been developed for design of stiffened panels. This dissertation investigates the use of approximate models and analysis methods implemented in PANDA2 software for preliminary design of stiffened panels. PANDA2 is also used for a trade study to compare weight efficiencies of stiffened panel concepts for a liquid hydrogen tank of a reusable launch vehicle. Optimum weights of stiffened panels are obtained for different materials, constructions and stiffener geometry. The study investigates the influence of modeling and analysis choices in PANDA2 on optimum designs. Complex structures usually require finite element analysis models to capture the details of their response. Design of complex structures must account for failure modes that are both global and local in nature. Often, different analysis models or computer programs are employed to calculate global and local structural response. Integration of different analysis programs is cumbersome and computationally expensive. Response surface approximation provides a global polynomial approximation that filters numerical noise present in discretized analysis models. The computational costs are transferred from optimization to development of approximate models. Using this process, the analyst can create structural response models that can be used by designers in optimization. It allows easy integration of analysis models in optimization. The dissertation investigates use of response surface approximations for integrating structural response obtained from a global analysis in the local optimization of stiffened panels. In addition, response surfaces are used for correcting structural response predictions from a low fidelity model with a few expensive detailed finite element analyses
Impaired High-Density Lipoprotein Anti-Oxidant Function Predicts Poor Outcome in Critically Ill Patients (2016)

Impaired anti-oxidant HDL function represents a strong and independent predictor of 30-day mortality as well as long-term mortality in critically ill patients.
Synthesis and structural study of cyclopentane, indene and fluorene spiro‐derivatives (1983)

Abstract The synthesis of three pharmacologically interesting series of cyclopentane, indene‐2 and fluorine‐9‐spiro‐5′‐oxazolidine‐2′, 4′‐dione is described. Based on the data from 1 H and 13 C nmr spectra, the main conformational features of the above mentioned compounds is established.
Ground-state energy shift of acceptor-hydrogen complexes in Si and GaAs under uniaxial stress (1993)

Several low-symmetry, H-containing complexes in semiconductors can be preferentially aligned by an applied stress. Here, the coupling of the ground-state energy to stress, i.e., the defect's piezospectroscopic tensor, has been determined for the acceptor-hydrogen complexes Si:B-H, GaAs:${\mathrm{Be}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$-H, and GaAs:${\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{As}}$-H.
Profiling APOL1 Nephropathy Risk Variants in Genome-Edited Kidney Organoids with Single-Cell Transcriptomics (2019)

ABSTRACT Background DNA variants in APOL1 associate with kidney disease, but the pathophysiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Model organisms lack the APOL1 gene, limiting the degree to which disease states can be recapitulated. Here we present single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of genome-edited human kidney organoids as a platform for profiling effects of APOL1 risk variants in diverse nephron cell types. Methods We performed footprint-free CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to knock in APOL1 high-risk G1 variants at the native genomic locus. iPSCs were differentiated into kidney organoids, treated with vehicle, IFN-γ, or the combination of IFN-γ and tunicamycin, and analyzed with scRNA-seq to profile cell-specific changes in differential gene expression patterns, compared to isogenic G0 controls. Results Both G0 and G1 iPSCs differentiated into kidney organoids containing nephron-like structures with glomerular epithelial cells, proximal tubules, distal tubules, and endothelial cells. Organoids expressed detectable APOL1 only after exposure to IFN-γ. scRNA-seq revealed cell type-specific differences in G1 organoid response to APOL1 induction. Additional stress of tunicamycin exposure led to increased glomerular epithelial cell dedifferentiation in G1 organoids. Conclusions Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of human genome-edited kidney organoids expressing APOL1 risk variants provides a novel platform for studying the pathophysiology of APOL1-mediated kidney disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Gaps persist in our mechanistic understanding of APOL1-mediated kidney disease. The authors apply genome-edited human kidney organoids, combined with single-cell transcriptomics, to profile APOL1 risk variants at the native genomic locus in different cell types. This approach captures interferon-mediated induction of APOL1 gene expression and reveals cellular dedifferentiation after a secondary insult of endoplasmic reticulum stress. This system provides a human cellular platform to interrogate complex mechanisms and human-specific regulators underlying APOL1-mediated kidney disease.
Hydrogel‐Forming and Dissolving Microneedles for Enhanced Delivery of Photosensitizers and Precursors (2013)

We present "one-step application" dissolving and hydrogel-forming microneedle arrays (MN) for enhanced delivery of photosensitizers/precursors. MN (280 μm) prepared from 20% w/w poly(methylvinylether/maelic acid) and cross-linked with glycerol by esterification to form hydrogels upon skin insertion, or allowed to dissolve rapidly in skin, were combined with patches containing 19 mg cm(-2) of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or meso-tetra (N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphine tetra tosylate (TMP) for drug delivery. Both MN types were mechanically robust, with compression forces of 20.0 N only causing height reductions of 14%. Application forces as low as 8.0 N per array allowed >95% of the MN in each array type to penetrate excised porcine skin, with the MN penetrating to approximately 220 μm. MN significantly enhanced transdermal delivery of ALA and TMP in vitro, with the hydrogel-forming system comparable with the dissolving system for ALA delivery (approximately 3000 nmol cm(-2) over 6 h), but superior for delivery of the much larger TMP molecule (approximately 14 nmol cm(-2) over 24 h, compared to 0.15 nmol cm(-2)). As this technology clearly has potential in enhanced photodynamic therapy of neoplastic skin lesions, we are currently planning animal studies, to be followed by preliminary human evaluations. GMP manufacturing scale-up is ongoing.
Deleterious effects of probe‐related versus irrelevant targets on the “CIT effect” in the P300‐ and RT‐based three‐stimulus protocol for detection of concealed information (2019)

Two groups of participants committed the same mock crime in which one of two items, a watch or a ring, was removed from a drawer and concealed. One group, the crime-familiar group next experienced a three-stimulus protocol (3SP), a Concealed Information Test (CIT), in which they were tested on the stolen (probe) item presented in a random series of five irrelevant (unseen) stimuli from the same jewelry category. A left-hand button press, meaning "I don't recognize" was to follow each of these six items. A right-hand press ("I do recognize") was to follow the one other presented item, the target item, which in the case of the crime-familiar group was the other, not-stolen item in the drawer at the mock crime scene. For the other crime-unfamiliar group, the target was a sixth unseen irrelevant item as in the original P300 CIT. In terms of P300 latency and reaction time (RT), crime-familiar participants processed all stimuli faster than crime-unfamiliar participants. The CIT effects (probe-minus-irrelevant differences) for crime-familiar group members were inferior to those of crime-unfamiliar group members for RT and P300 amplitude measures. Thus, familiar targets negatively impact the 3SP.
Topical Application of Ivermectin for Human Ectoparasites (1995)

Ivermectin is used in veterinary practice against many ectoparasites and endoparasites and is the drug of choice for treatment of human onchocerciasis. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of topical application of this drug against human ectoparasites (Sarcoptes scabiei and Pediculus humanus capitis). Ivernectin was found to have a curative effect on head lice after a single topical application. In patients with scabies, the drug was also found to be effective after a single application. However, in 50% of the cases, another application was needed five days later.
Frontier vs the Exascale Report: Why so long? and Are We Really There Yet? (2022)

Now that the exascale Frontier is here, it is instructive to compare its properties to those projected in the 2008 Exascale technology report, and ask what’s different, why did it seemingly take so long to get here, and what lessons should we take away for future machines. This article discusses these points from the aspects of the original ground rules for the Exascale report, the technologies involved, and the changes in architecture and microarchitecture. It also starts a discussion of zettascale systems.
Laparoscopic Live Donor Nephrectomy: A Technical Road Map (2011)

Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy is a safe, minimally invasive alternative to the customary open approach. During the past two decades, laparoscopic renal surgery has increased the availability of renal allograft specimens for transplantation. Specifically, the laparoscopic approach has minimized postoperative pain and duration of recovery, making it a more attractive option for potential altruistic organ donors. Here we detail the techniques, challenges, and troubleshooting approaches necessary for this technically challenging, yet valuable operation.