gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Best practices and lessons learnt from RTD-Denver's West Light Rail Project (2014)

The Regional Transportation District (RTD) provides transit service to the Denver, Colorado metropolitan area of 2,337 square miles with 140 bus routes, 10,000 bus stops and 47 miles of light rail over five rail lines. In November 2004, the region passed a sales tax initiative to implement the FasTracks program, a massive, multimodal transit expansion featuring 122 miles of commuter and light rail on six corridors, 18 miles of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), more than 20,000 new parking spaces and the redevelopment of historic Denver Union Station (DUS) as a transit hub for the region.\nRTD completed the planning and environmental work for the 12.1 mile West Light Rail Line linking Golden and Lakewood, Colorado with Union Station in downtown Denver prior to the 2004 FasTracks vote and that corridor became the first to enter design. As design progressed, RTD saw both community expectations and materials costs begin to rise just as sales tax revenues fell. When RTD received the initial Guaranteed Maximum Price from the construction contractor it was clear the project would require major changes in order to stay on time and on budget. To address cost concerns, RTD and a team of technical experts from outside the agency reviewed the design to identify areas where effectiveness could be improved or potential cost savings could be significant. Once identified, RTDâs cost containment and value engineering recommendations needed a concerted outreach effort to develop community support for the changes. Additionally, the West lineâs alignment through residential neighborhoods differs from any previous RTD corridor. A concerted public involvement process was necessary to address residentsâ concerns about noise, safety, property values and the continued connectivity of their neighborhoods.\nThe West Rail Line opened in April 2013 on budget and ahead of schedule. The cost containment process, effective community relations and extensive efforts to align the construction project with the strategic goals of the agency have provided useful âlessons learned.â\nThese lessons benefit construction efforts on the other FasTracks corridors and RTDâs experience and techniques may interest other transit agencies pursuing major capital investments in transportation.
Growth of YBa2Cu3O7 films with [100] tilt of CuO planes to the surface on SrTiO3 crystals (2011)

YBa2Cu3O7 films with CuO planes tilted to the surface have been grown on SrTiO3 crystals by pulsed laser deposition. The tilt angle was varied in the range from 0° (CuO planes are parallel to the surface) to 70°. At this tilt, the crystalline lattice of the film was rotated by rotating the substrate crystalline lattice around its axis [100], which is oriented parallel to the surface. The zero tilt of CuO planes corresponds to the orientation of the SrTiO3 surface parallel to the (100) plane. It is established that the CuO planes of the film remain parallel to one or several (100)-type planes of the substrate at an arbitrary tilt angle. In the range of tilt angles from 0° to 41°, the film has a single-crystal structure. At tilt angles above 41°, the film is transformed into a two-domain texture and its surface roughness sharply increases.
Band offsets of nitrided ultrathin hafnium silicate films (2006)

Photoemission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation was used to determine the band offsets, as a function of depth, of ultrathin (3.5nm) Hf-silicate grown by chemical vapor deposition onto SiO2∕Si and nitrided at 750 and 700°C using NH3. In agreement with recent studies on the nitridation of oxides, the nitridation raises the valence-band (VB) maximum by adding N2p states in the band gap. VB offsets of 1.6–1.9eV are measured after nitridation. Final state screening in the gate oxide and band-bending at the SiO2∕Si interface must be included in order to deduce accurate band offsets.
CO2 Capture in Dry and Wet Conditions in UTSA-16 Metal–Organic Framework (2016)

Water is the strongest competitor to CO<sub>2</sub> in the adsorption on microporous materials, affecting their performances as CO<sub>2</sub> scrubbers in processes such as postcombustion carbon capture. The metal-organic framework (MOF) UTSA-16 is considered a promising material for its capacity to efficiently capture CO<sub>2</sub> in large quantities, thanks to the presence of open metal sites (OMSs). It is here shown that UTSA-16 is also able to desorb fully water already at room temperature. This property is unique from all the other materials with OMSs reported so far. UTSA-16 retains indeed the 70% of its CO<sub>2</sub> separation capacity after admittance of water in a test flow, created to simulate the emissions from a real postcombustion carbon-capture process. This important aspect not yet observed for any other amine-free material, associated with a high material stability-tested for 160 cycles-and a small temperature swing necessary for regeneration, places UTSA-16 in the restrict number of systems with a real technological future for CO<sub>2</sub> separation.
High-Titer Heterologous Production in E. coli of Lyngbyatoxin, a Protein Kinase C Activator from an Uncultured Marine Cyanobacterium (2013)

Many chemically complex cyanobacterial polyketides and nonribosomal peptides are of great pharmaceutical interest, but the levels required for exploitation are difficult to achieve from native sources. Here we develop a framework for the expression of these multifunctional cyanobacterial assembly lines in Escherichia coli using the lyngbyatoxin biosynthetic pathway, derived from a marine microbial assemblage dominated by the cyanobacterium Moorea producens. Heterologous expression of this pathway afforded high titers of both lyngbyatoxin A (25.6 mg L(-1)) and its precursor indolactam-V (150 mg L(-1)). Production, isolation, and identification of all expected chemical intermediates of lyngbyatoxin biosynthesis in E. coli also confirmed the previously proposed biosynthetic route, setting a solid chemical foundation for future pathway engineering. The successful production of the nonribosomal peptide lyngbyatoxin A in E. coli also opens the possibility for future heterologous expression, characterization, and exploitation of other cyanobacterial natural product pathways.
Personality, Success, and Beyond: The Layperson's Perception of Patients With Facial Transplantation (2021)

This study suggests that while FVCA has a significantly positive impact on social acceptance and perceived professional success, it does not fully reinstate these qualities. Furthermore, varying surgical outcomes and/or cognitive biases (such as gender) may impact perceptions of the individual by the public. Our findings suggest a need to standardize practices to better predict and improve outcomes and encourage surgeons to consider patient factors such as gender when planning these procedures.
Synthesis of Polycyclic 1,2-Dioxanes from Endoperoxides (1998)

1,4-Diphenylcyclohex-2-ene 1,4-endoperoxide (7) on catalysis with mmethylsilyl hifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) in CH,C1, at -78'C reacted partially with 1,4-diphenylcyclopenta-1.3-diene (5) to give 3a,5a,6,7,9a,9bhexahydro-2,5a,8,9bte~aphenyl-1H-4,5-dioxacyclopenta[n]naphthalene (8) in 7.5% yield.Similar reaction of 1-phenylcyclohex-2-ene 1,4endoperoxide (9) with I-phenylcyclohexa-l,3-diene (10) afforded three 1,2-dioxanes in a combined yield of 45%, one of which was identified as 1,2,4a,6a,7,8,10a,lOb-octahydro-3,9diphenyl-5.6-dioxaphenanthrene(11).The TMSOTf-catalysed reaction of 1,4dihydro-1,4-dimethylnaphthalene 1,4-endoperoxide ( 12) with 1.4-diphenylcyclopenta-1.3-diene (5), benzofuran ( 14) and 1.1-diphenylethylene ( 16) gave the endo cis-fused tricyclic 1,2-dioxanes, (13), (15).and the cis-fused bicyclic 1,2dioxane (17) as single products in yields of 46, 81, and 72% respectively.The structures of 8, 11, 13, 1 5 and 17 were elucidated by X-Ray analysis.
Thermodynamics of β-Catenin-Ligand Interactions (2005)

beta-Catenin is a structural component of adherens junctions, where it binds to the cytoplasmic domain of cadherin cell adhesion molecules. beta-Catenin is also a transcriptional coactivator in the Wnt signaling pathway, where it binds to Tcf/Lef family transcription factors. In the absence of a Wnt signal, nonjunctional beta-catenin is present in a multiprotein complex containing the proteins axin and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), both of which bind directly to beta-catenin. The thermodynamics of beta-catenin binding to E-cadherin, Lef-1, APC, axin, and the transcriptional inhibitor ICAT have been determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. Most of the interactions showed large, unfavorable entropy changes, consistent with these ligands being natively unstructured in the absence of beta-catenin. Phosphorylation of serine residues present in a sequence motif common to cadherins and APC increased the affinity for beta-catenin 300-700-fold, and surface plasmon resonance measurements revealed that phosphorylation of E-cadherin both enhanced its on rate and decreased its off rate. The effects of the N- and C-terminal "tails" that flank the beta-catenin armadillo repeat domain on ligand binding have also been investigated using constructs lacking one or both tails. Contrary to earlier studies that employed less direct binding assays, the tails did not affect the affinity of beta-catenin for tight ligands such as E-cadherin, Lef-1, and phosphorylated APC. However, the beta-catenin C-terminal tail was found to decrease the affinity for the weaker ligands APC and axin, suggesting that this region may have a regulatory role in beta-catenin degradation.
Delayed graft duodenal perforation due to impacted food five years after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (2017)

When a patient is stable, even in the presence of delayed duodenal graft perforation, graft excision may not be necessary. Intraoperative exploration should include Doppler ultrasound examination of the vasculature to rule out thrombosis as a contributor to ischemia. Tissue biopsy should be performed to diagnose rejection.
Interaction of the eucaryotic peptide chain initiation factor eIF-4A with the specific elements at the 5'-untranslated sequence of human asparagine synthetase mRNA. (1993)

The resistance of certain tumor cells to the chemotherapeutic agent L-asparaginase has often been found to be associated with the presence of asparagine synthetase activity. In an attempt to study the translational regulation of the asparagine synthetase gene, the 5'-untranslated region of human asparagine synthetase cDNA was mapped by antisense oligonucleotide-mediated hybrid arrest translation in reticulocyte lysate. Three consecutive cis-acting regulatory elements, spanning from -60 to -120 bases from the initiation codon, in the 5'-untranslated region of the asparagine synthetase gene, were identified. T1 RNase footprinting analysis showed that those regulatory elements can be protected from T1 digestion when incubated with reticulocyte lysate. A 46-kDa trans-acting protein factor that interacts with the cis-acting regulatory element of asparagine synthetase mRNA was detected. This 46-kDa protein factor is most likely to be the eucaryotic peptide chain initiation factor eIF-4A as determined by immunoprecipitation experiments using a monoclonal antibody raised against reticulocyte eIF-4A.
Mechanism of Blebbistatin Inhibition of Myosin II (2004)

Blebbistatin is a recently discovered small molecule inhibitor showing high affinity and selectivity toward myosin II. Here we report a detailed investigation of its mechanism of inhibition. Blebbistatin does not compete with nucleotide binding to the skeletal muscle myosin subfragment-1. The inhibitor preferentially binds to the ATPase intermediate with ADP and phosphate bound at the active site, and it slows down phosphate release. Blebbistatin interferes neither with binding of myosin to actin nor with ATP-induced actomyosin dissociation. Instead, it blocks the myosin heads in a products complex with low actin affinity. Blind docking molecular simulations indicate that the productive blebbistatin-binding site of the myosin head is within the aqueous cavity between the nucleotide pocket and the cleft of the actin-binding interface. The property that blebbistatin blocks myosin II in an actin-detached state makes the compound useful both in muscle physiology and in exploring the cellular function of cytoplasmic myosin II isoforms, whereas the stabilization of a specific myosin intermediate confers a great potential in structural studies.
An Unusual and Spontaneous Resolution of a Total Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (2015)

Spontaneous reattachment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is a rare event that involves the relief of vitreoretinal traction, closure of the retinal breaks, and reabsorption of subretinal fluid. Diffuse retinal pigmentary alterations within a sharply demarcated and convex margin are the most common findings within the areas corresponding to the reattached retina in all the cases described in the literature. The authors report the case of a 60-year-old man who experienced spontaneous reattachment of a total rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with gradual recovery of visual function and a completely restored retina. This is the first case reported that does not exhibit the ophthalmoscopic findings commonly described in the literature.
Normal versus Supranormal Oxygen Delivery Goals in Shock Resuscitation: The Response Is the Same (2002)

Shock resuscitation using Do I > or = 500 was indistinguishable from Do I > or = 600 mL/min/m. Less volume loading was required to attain and maintain Do I > or = 500 than 600 using computerized protocol technology to standardize resuscitation during the first 24 ICU hours.
A mathematical model for localization in granular flow (1992)

Abstract The phrase ‘localization of flow’ refers to a phenomenon in plasticity in which deformation becomes concentrated in thin bands of intense shearing. This paper proposes a two-dimensional continuum model which isolates some mathematical issues relevant to such shear banding. The challenge is to follow the solution after ill- posedness appears in the equations. A particular solution in this régime is constructed in the quasi-static approximation. The paper also lists several open problems suggested by the model. Besides addressing research questions, the paper is partly intended as an expository paper for mathematicians interested in shear bands.
Long-term cultivation of functionally-active human foetal hepatocytes. (1978)

Livers from human foetuses obtained from terminations of pregnancy by suction were used to establish long-term cultures of hepatocytes. Functional activities of the hepatocellular population in these cultures were monitored by immunoperoxidase staining during and up to the 90 days' life of the cultures. Intracellular localization of albumin and alpha-foetoprotien in cultures of the same age and from the same specimen indicate that syntheses of these two markers in foetal hepatocytes occur simultaneously. No qualitative differences were observed in the biosynthetic capacity of the cells maintained in tissue culture medium with and without serum. Fibroblast-like cells seen in the almost homogeneous population of hepatocytes did not stain for albumin and alpha-foetoprotein.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Potent Antineoplastic Effects of Combined PI3Kα–MNK Inhibition in Medulloblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Body weight of mice from flank tumor xenograft experiment&lt;/p&gt;
Lacrimal Canalicular Repair (1968)

SUCCESS in treating the torn or obstructed lacrimal canaliculus rose markedly with Henderson's introduction of the temporarily-implanted polyethylene tube in 1950.<sup>1,2</sup>While most techniques for insertion have included opening the lacrimal sac surgically,<sup>3-9</sup>the latter aspect was made unnecessary for cases involving laceration or minor cicatrization (of short extent) by the advent of Worst's spiral probe.<sup>10</sup>Moreover, even this method can be made mechanically easier and shorter, eliminating the need for a prepositioned pancanalicular, intralumenal suture, by inserting the tubing along with the probe, as described below. Worst's spiral probe is a long-handled instrument to each end of which is attached a circularly-arranged or cork-screw-shaped lacrimal probe—the one turning clockwise and the other, counterclockwise (Fig 1). The technique to be described here consists of fenestrating the side of a length of polyethylene tubing of a carefully-selected caliber (thin-walled but semirigid, whose lumen will admit the spiral probe
A New “Platinum” Standard for Bone Grafting: Autogenous Stem Cells (2005)

Autogenous bone has long been considered the gold standard of all bone grafting materials. However, complications have been associated with autogenous bone-harvesting procedures. This article suggests that an alternative approach, grafting with autogenous bone marrow aspirate, may become a new platinum standard. Bone marrow can be extracted from the large flat bones of the body with relative ease and safety, and it provides a rich source of adult stem cells as well as growth factors that facilitate osteogenesis. Mixed with a resorbable matrix or scaffold, bone marrow aspirate has the potential to reconstitute various bony defects in the mouth to reconstruct the severely atrophic maxilla and mandible. The potentiality and plasticity of stem cells have been well documented.
Dysregulation of toll‐like receptor‐2 (TLR‐2)‐induced effects in monocytes from patients with atopic dermatitis: impact of the TLR‐2 R753Q polymorphism (2008)

Our data support the emerging concept that AD patients have a dysbalance in innate and acquired immunity. TLR-2 may be essential in the pathogenesis and maintenance of AD and may be involved in the enhanced susceptibility to skin infections with S. aureus and in a higher inflammatory response in patients with AD carrying the TLR-2 polymorphism.
Detection of Dengue Virus Replication in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Dengue Virus Type 2-Infected Patients by a Reverse Transcription-Real-Time PCR Assay (2002)

While dengue virus is thought to replicate in mononuclear phagocytic cells in vivo, attempts to detect it in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by virus isolation or antigen detection have had variable and generally low rates. In this study, we developed a reverse transcription (RT)-real-time PCR assay to quantify positive- and negative-sense RNA of dengue virus type 2 within the cells. The assay includes an RT step using either sense or antisense primer followed by a real-time PCR step using the designed primers and probe, which target a capsid region highly conserved in dengue virus type 2 strains. It can be used to monitor the dynamic change of intracellular dengue virus RNA species during the course of infection. When this assay is employed in quantification of dengue virus RNA species in PBMC from 10 patients infected with dengue virus type 2, both positive- and negative-sense dengue RNA can be detected, indicating that dengue virus is actively replicating in PBMC in vivo. Moreover, the amounts of negative-sense dengue virus RNA in PBMC correlate very well with the viral load of dengue virus in plasma, suggesting that quantification of negative-sense dengue virus RNA in PBMC may provide another indicator of dengue virus replication in vivo. Use of this convenient, sensitive, and accurate method of quantification in clinical samples from patients with different disease severity would further our understanding of the pathogenesis of dengue.
Thermogravimetric Analysis of Synthesis Variation Effects on CVD Generated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

Changes in the thermogravimetrically determined oxidation behaviors of CVD-grown multiwalled carbon nanotubes with varying synthesis conditions are examined. Catalyst type and synthesis temperature are found to have a measurable impact upon nanotube stability, suggesting differing levels of crystalline perfection in the resulting nanotubes. The results provide evidence showing the catalytic effects of nanotube catalyst particles and their oxides upon the oxidation of nanotube carbon and graphite. The significance of thermogravimetric analysis as a characterization tool for carbon nanotubes is discussed.
Search for charmed mesons produced in hadronic interactions (1987)

The hadronic production of charmed states was studied in a two-arm spectrometer using a 205-GeV/c negative-pion beam incident upon a beryllium target. One arm, filled with dense absorber, triggered the detectors upon the passage of a muon with a moderate transverse momentum and a total momentum of at least 4 GeV/c. The other arm was an open-geometry magnetic spectrometer which had both neutral- and charged-particle identification capabilities. The apparatus, the data, and an invariant-mass-plot search for evidence of charmed-meson production through several charged-particle decay modes are described. The K\ensuremath{\pi}, K\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}, and K\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi} mass plots fail to reveal significant D-meson signals. Based upon the K\ensuremath{\pi} mass plots, the 95%-confidence upper limit on the DD\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} production cross section is found to be less than 51 \ensuremath{\mu}b per nucleon for the production models tested. A search for evidence of charged-${D}^{\mathrm{*}}$ production yields 30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}16 combinations above background in association with the expected trigger muon charge. Interpreted as a ${D}^{\mathrm{*}}$ signal, this excess corresponds to a model-dependent inclusive DD\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} production cross section of 34\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}${18}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}9}^{+14}$ \ensuremath{\mu}b per nucleon. Model-dependent upper limits on the ratio of the F to D cross sections are also presented.
A Tight Signal-Band Power Bound on Mismatch Noise in a Mismatch-Shaping Digital-to-Analog Converter (2004)

Many applications employ digital-to-analog converters (DACs) to obtain the advantages of digital processing (e.g., low power and physical size, resilience to noise, etc.) to generate signals, such as voltages, that are analog in nature. Given the appropriate numerical representation of its input, the DAC ideally behaves as a linear gain element. However, as a result of inevitable component mismatches, the output of a multibit DAC (i.e., a DAC designed to output more than two analog levels) is a nonlinear function of its input. The resulting distortion, called DAC noise , limits the overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and hence the obtainable accuracy of the DAC. Mismatch-shaping DACs exploit built-in redundancy to suppress the DAC noise in the input signal's frequency band. Although mismatch-shaping DACs are widely used in commercial products, little theory regarding the structure of their DAC noise has been published to date. Consequently, designers have been forced to rely upon simulations to estimate DAC noise power and behavior, which can be misleading because the DAC noise depends on the DAC input. This paper addresses this problem. It presents an analysis of the DAC noise power spectral density (PSD) in a commonly used mismatch-shaping DAC: the dithered first-order low-pass tree-structured DAC. This design ensures that its DAC noise has a spectral null at dc (i.e., zero frequency) by generating digital, dc-free sequences using the same techniques that have been developed for line codes. An expression is derived for the DAC noise PSD that depends on the statistics of these sequences and is used to show various properties of the DAC noise. Specifically, an attainable bound is derived for the signal-band DAC noise power that can be used to predict worst case performance in practical circuits.