gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resurfacing of the First Metatarsal Head in the Treatment of Hallux Rigidus (2008)

Surgical techniques for the treatment of hallux rigidus have evolved during the past decade. Previously, main treatments were cheilectomy for earlier stages of hallux rigidus and resection arthroplasty or arthrodesis for advanced stages. Although arthrodesis has been considered the "gold standard" for advanced hallux rigidus, in younger and more active patients, activity, functional, and shoe wear limitations are undesirable outcomes of this procedure. Alternative surgical procedures have been developed for advanced hallux rigidus, with varying outcomes and complications. Endoprosthetic replacement, which has been well described in the past and revisited recently, has higher complication rates than more traditional approaches. Hemiarthroplasty using various prosthetic resurfacings of the phalangeal base has been reported with variable success rates as well. Soft tissue interpositional arthroplasty has been shown to have inconsistent results and significant stiffness. The Arthrosurface HemiCAP prosthesis has been described for the treatment of full-thickness chondral and osteochondral defects of the shoulder, hip, and knee with high success rates to date. More recently, the technology was expanded to allow for metallic resurfacing of the first metatarsal head as an alternative technique with the potential to maintain motion and function. By using this implant alone or combined with soft tissue interpositional arthroplasty, or proximal phalanx osteotomies, even severe forms of hallux rigidus can be treated. During the past 30 months, the authors have treated more than 100 patients with hemiarthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint using the HemiCAP prosthesis (Arthrosurface Inc, Franklin, Mass). To date, there have been 2 failures, one from infection and the other from a related procedure. Twenty-five of the first 30 patients with stage II or III hallux rigidus consented to participate in a follow-up study. The mean age of these patients was 51 years. Mean follow-up was 20 months. The mean postoperative increase in range of motion of the joint was 42 degrees (baseline, 23 degrees; postoperative, 65 degrees). The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire scores were 82.1 and 96.1, respectively. All patients were very satisfied with their results and said that they would have the procedure performed again. Although long-term follow-up is still needed, the short-term results are very promising. In addition, future treatment options are maintained because of minimal bone resection at the time of HemiCAP implantation, and conversion to arthrodesis or resection arthroplasty can be performed should the need arise.
Peripheral neurogenic mechanisms in deoxycorticosterone acetate – salt hypertension in the rat (1989)

The finding of elevated circulating catecholamine levels in experimental and human hypertension suggests an active sympathoadrenal participation in the pathogenesis of hypertension. In deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) the sympathoadrenal reactivity was found to be potentiated in response to various stimuli suggesting alterations in baroreflex functions or in local modulatory mechanisms. Several studies have suggested an attenuation of the alpha 2-presynaptic or local inhibitory mechanism and a potentiation of the beta 2-facilitatory presynaptic mechanism in the peripheral sympathetic system, thus possibly explaining the potentiated sympathoadrenal reactivity in those hypertensive animals. At postsynaptic adrenergic sites, beta-adrenoceptor numbers were reported to be decreased, whereas alpha 1-adrenoceptor numbers were unchanged in the cardiovascular system of DOCA hypertensive rats, thus favoring a dominance of alpha 1-postsynaptic responses in those animals. In support of this concept, the production of inositol monophosphate, used as an index of inositol triphosphate production, was found to be markedly enhanced following norepinephrine-induced alpha 1-stimulation in atria and ventricles as well as in mesenteric and femoral arteries of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats thus suggesting an increased reactivity of the second messenger system linked to alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Since similar abnormalities were also observed in SHR and in human hypertension, it thus appears that an imbalance between alpha- and beta-postsynaptic receptors may exist in various forms of hypertension. These studies therefore suggest the existence of multiple abnormalities in pre- and post-synaptic adrenergic mechanisms in experimental and human hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A diagonally-oriented DCT-like 2D block transform (2011)

Due to the prevalence of edges in image content, various directional transforms have been proposed for the efficient representation of images. Such transforms are useful for coding, denoising, and image restoration using sparse signal representation techniques. This paper describes a new non-separable 2D DCT-like orthonormal block transform that is optimized for a specified orientation angle. The approach taken in this paper is to extend to two-dimensions one approach (of several) for constructing the standard 1D DCT. The proposed transform is obtained as the eigenvectors of particular matrices, as is the standard 1D DCT.
Detecting feature interactions in telecommunications systems designs. (1995)

A basic telephone service is used to establish a communication session between two users. A telephone feature, such as call waiting, call forwarding, and three way calling, is defined as an added functionality of the basic telephone service. A feature interaction is the interference of the functionality of one telephone feature with the functionality of another telephone feature, meaning that the invocation of the first feature modifies the functionality of the other active feature, or even prevents its functionality altogether. This problem has become a major obstacle for the extension of telephone systems with new services. Our contributions in this thesis are the following: (1) define a model for specifying telephone systems and their services; (2) formalize the notion of feature interaction; and (3) develop a design methodology for detecting feature interactions at the specification level. In the first part of the thesis, we define a model for structuring the components of telephone specifications. In this model, a specification is expressed as a set of communicating processes representing three types of constraints: local constraints, end-to-end constraints, and global constraints. Each of these constraints is defined and used in our specifications. In the second part of the thesis, we develop a methodology for detecting feature interactions. Central to our methodology is the formalization of the notion of feature interaction. Intuitively, we say that an interaction exists between n features if one of the features cannot exhibit its behaviour when integrated into POTS in combination with other features. We formalize this concept by defining the composition and integration of features. Composition expresses the synchronization of features on their common actions with POTS and their interleaving on their independent actions. Integration expresses the extension of POTS with the n features, such that each feature is able to execute all of its actions which are allowed in the context of POTS, when the other features are disabled. Then, we reason about interactions in terms of the conformance relation studied in testing theory, in the following way. An interaction exists between n features if their integration does not conform to their composition. A set of concrete telephony examples is used to show the applicability of the methodology. The specification language used is LOTOS, which turns out to be ideally suited to express our methodology. However, our method is general enough to be adapted to other specification languages with similar constructs.
Wireless communications for vehicle safety: Radio link performance and wireless connectivity methods (2006)

Many accidents occur today when distant objects or roadway impediments are not quickly detected. To help avoid these accidents, longer-range safety systems are needed with real-time detection capability and without requiring a line-of-sight (LOS) view by the driver or sensor. Early detection at intersections is required for obstacle location around blind corners and dynamic awareness of approaching vehicles on intersecting roadways
Intercalation and exfoliation routes to graphite nanoplatelets (2005)

Graphite nanoplatelets with thicknesses down to 2–10 nm are synthesized by alkali metal intercalation followed by ethanol exfoliation and microwave drying. Graphite that has already been intercalated and exfoliated with an oxidizing acid is reintercalated with an alkali metal to form a first stage compound, as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. This can be achieved either by heating graphite and potassium or caesium at 200 °C, or at room temperature using a sodium–potassium alloy. Reaction of the intercalated graphite with ethanol causes exfoliation of the graphene layers. Microwave radiation aids in drying and results in further separation of the sheets. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the graphite nanoplatelets are approximately 150 °C less stable in air than pristine graphite. High aspect ratio graphite nanoplatelets offer promise as reinforcements for high strength carbon–carbon composites.
Continuing Rapid Increase in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in England and Wales (2008)

The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased sharply over the past few decades, both by period and birth cohort. Etiological studies are required to explain the rapid increase of this lethal cancer.
The Energy Method for Predicting the Aircraft Brake-Way (2018)

According to estimates of numerous publications around the world, more than 50 % of all flight accidents occur on the takeoff and landing phases of aircraft flight. The main reason for these events is the "human factor". To reduce psychological stress and assist the pilot in making urgent decisions, various methods of information support have been developed previously. Pilot alert message contain information about the current and future situation. In the presented paper, we propose new efficient methods for predicting the coordinates of the aircraft on the runway during the braking phase. Predicting methods are based on the energy balance equation. For ground modes, the equation has been expanded by introducing a new member describing the mechanical resistance force of the chassis. The problem of finding the predicted coordinates of the aircraft is formulated as a terminal problem of achieving the desired value of total energy at the end point of the trajectory. This formulation made it possible to determine the length of the brake-way before reaching the stopping or taxiing speed. The information presented to the pilot should be not only accurate, but also reliable. To improve accuracy, a new correction circuit's structure was developed. The methodology of research and proof the prediction algorithm's reliability on the basis of statistical tests results is also developed. A computer stand for prediction algorithms testing was developed. The stand is equipped with service tools for registration and statistical analysis of the results. A large amount of deterministic and statistical tests of prediction algorithms in a wide operating range of flight regimes has been performed. Statistical characteristics of errors are obtained. Average prediction errors in different situations are 10-20 m. Confidence intervals of predicted brake-way expectation are calculated. They are in the range of 1.5-2 m.
Daytime pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation of low‐dose sublingual transmucosal zolpidem hemitartrate (2007)

ST zolpidem produced rapid, short duration of sedation and the effect was consistent with its PK profile. This novel low-dose formulation of zolpidem may provide clinicians and patients with a prn option for the management of sleep maintenance insomnia.
A linkable identity privacy algorithm for HealthGrid. (2005)

The issues of confidentiality and privacy have become increasingly important as Grid technology is being adopted in public sectors such as healthcare. This paper discusses the importance of protecting the confidentiality and privacy of patient health/medical records, and the challenges exhibited in enforcing this protection in a Grid environment. It proposes a novel algorithm to allow traceable/linkable identity privacy in dealing with de-identified medical records. Using the algorithm, de-identified health records associated to the same patient but generated by different healthcare providers are given different pseudonyms. However, these pseudonymised records of the same patient can still be linked by a trusted entity such as the NHS trust or HealthGrid manager. The paper has also recommended a security architecture that integrates the proposed algorithm with other data security measures needed to achieve the desired security and privacy in the HealthGrid context.
Linux Toys II: 9 Cool New Projects for Home, Office, and Entertainment (2003)

Builds on the success of the original Linux Toys (0-7645-2508-5) and adds projects using different Linux distributionsAll-new toys in this edition include a car computer system with built-in entertainment and navigation features, bootable movies, a home surveillance monitor, a LEGO Mindstorms robot, and a weather mapping stationIntroduces small business opportunities with an Internet radio station and Internet caf ÌprojectsCompanion Web site features specialized hardware drivers, software interfaces, music and game software, project descriptions, and discussion forumsIncludes a CD-ROM with scr
Solar Hydrogen Production (2015)

This chapter summarizes the current status of solar-aided hydrogen production technologies, with special emphasis on high temperature thermochemical concepts. The required high temperatures are achieved via concentrated solar irradiation through the respective systems, e.g., solar towers and solar dishes. Customized, efficient, and robust solar reactor concepts are important to ensure optimum coupling of the thermochemical phenomenon with the solar source. Of fundamental importance for such thermochemical processes is the development of active materials and key components. Some of the most studied and promising active materials are presented in this chapter along with their relevant advantages and challenges. Solar hydrogen (/fuels) production is found to constitute an in principle promising alternative and supplementary solution to currently employed renewables. Nevertheless, further development is required to increase solar-to-fuel efficiencies and to overcome long-term stability issues. Favorable solutions strongly depend on the identification of more active and robust materials as well as on the definition of solar reactor designs that will ensure optimum exploitation of solar irradiation.
Performance of a TDMA portable radio system using a block code for burst synchronization and error detection (2003)

A combined burst synchronization and error detection scheme is studied for a TDMA (time division multiple access) portable radio system. Analysis and computer simulation of the false acceptance rate of the system using the combined scheme are presented. It is found that for the (161, 147) code used in this study, which is capable of correcting +or-6 b sync slippage, the error detection capability of the code is degraded by 3 b on a slow Rayleigh fading channel using coherent QPSK (quadrature phase shift keying) demodulation with differential decoding. However, lower implementation complexity and higher efficiency are obtained than with separate burst synchronization and error detection processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of Micro- and Nano-Sized Carbonous Solid Lubricants as Oil Additives in Nanofluid on Tribological Properties (2019)

The tribological behavior of graphene and graphite as additives in canola oil was investigated with a pin-on-disk tribometer. The wear surfaces of the aluminum pins lubricated with the additive-containing canola oil were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that graphene and graphite as additives in oil show a lower coefficient of friction and wear rate in comparison with neat canola oil. The graphene sheets are more effective than graphite flakes to reduce friction and wear. In addition, there is a proper concentration where the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear are in minimum value. The optimal concentration of the additive in canola oil is about 0.7 wt %. Therefore, the load-carrying capacity and antiwear ability of the lubricating oil are improved. Moreover, the worn surface of aluminum pins is smother in the presence of solid lubricant rather than neat oil.
Femoral Vein Stasis During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Effect of an Intermittent Sequential Pneumatic Compression Device (2000)

Background: During laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), venous stasis of the legs may occur which cannot be prevented by a graded compression bandage used for a standard laparotomy. In this study, we investigated whether femoral vein stasis during LC could be prevented using an intermittent sequential pneumatic compression device (IPC). Methods: The effects of an IPC on blood flow in the legs prior to pneumoperitoneum (baseline), at pneumoperitoneum, at postural change and at deflation were examined by color Doppler ultrasonography on each of two groups, namely the patients without an IPC on the lower extremities (group 1, n = 20) and the patients with an IPC (group 2, n = 20). Results: The peak femoral vein velocity in group 1 at a pneumoperitoneum pressure of 10 mmHg in the reverse Trendelenburg's position was significantly decreased to 29.3 ± 3.4% of the baseline value ( P &lt; 0.05). However, in group 2, the velocity was maintained and there was no significant decrease. The blood flow velocity when the IPC was used significantly differed from that when the IPC was not used ( P &lt; 0.01). The area of the femoral vein in group 1 at a pneumoperitoneum pressure of 10 mmHg in the reverse Trendelenburg's position significantly increased to 379.5 ± 16.3% of the baseline value ( P &lt; 0.05). In group 2, it significantly increased to 387.0 ± 19.1% ( P &lt; 0.05). However, the area of the femoral vein when the IPC was used did not significantly differ from that when the IPC was not used. Conclusion: The use of an IPC maintained the peak femoral vein velocity even under pneumoperitoneum and in the reverse Trendelenburg's position.
804 Promising role of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy (2016)

the association between NLR and lymph node metastasis, muscle-invasive and non-organ-confined disease. The association of altered NLR with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results Altered NLR was observed in 1428 (62.8 %) patients and associated with more advanced pathological tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, tumor necrosis and sessile tumor architecture. In a preoperative model that included age, gender, tumor location and architecture, NLR was an independent predictive factor for the presence of lymph node metastasis, muscle-invasive and non-organ-confined disease
The Challenge of Change for Strategies on Health and Safety at Work in the 21st Century (2005)

AbstractIn the year of IOSH's 60th anniversary, this paper discusses some of the features of the current landscape of health and safety in Britain. It focuses especially on the nature of change and its consequences. The consequences of the structure of change in the organisation of work, employment relationships and the labour market are therefore central to its concerns, but so are the implications for the health and safety policy and practice of wider political, regulatory and economic reforms in this country.Key words: Employersemployment relationshipoccupational safety and healthoccupational safety and health managementorganisation of workpolicyregulationregulatory strategiesstructure of worktrade unions Notes* This paper is based on a keynote presentation given at the 'Bold perspectives, shared objectives' conference held in Auckland in March 2005 and organised by the New Zealand Accident Compensation Corporation
Evolution of Microstructure and Rheology in Mixed Polysaccharide Systems (2002)

Synergistic biopolymer blends composed of xanthan and enzymatically modified guar galactomannan are investigated in terms of their time-dependent properties. In particular, a side-chain cleaving enzyme, α-galactosidase, is used to cleave off galactose sugar units from guar to produce modified galactomannans with varying galactose contents of 25.2 and 16.2%. Laser scanning confocal microscopy and dynamic rheology are used to monitor the properties of each of these two modified guar gum in solution as well as in blends with xanthan as they are allowed to age over a period of 3 weeks. Our results indicate that solutions of guar with a higher galactose (25.2%) content undergo no rheological change over the period of observation and show a constant gel elastic modulus (G‘) in blends with xanthan. Confocal images of the solutions and the blends also indicate that the systems are stable over a period of 3 weeks. In contrast, guar gum with a lower galactose content (16.2%) forms interchain associations in solution, developing aggregates that convert it from a macromolecular solution to a gel. This is reflected in its dynamic moduli which increase significantly with time and show a transition from frequency-dependent behavior with G‘ ‘ (viscous modulus) > G‘ (elastic modulus) to a frequency-independent character with G‘ > G‘ ‘. This process of association and phase separation is directly observed in confocal images of the modified guar as well as in its blend, though not to the same extent in the latter. The presence of a second component thus seems to retard the association process. Interestingly, the blend moduli remain unchanged in magnitude and show gellike features even though the mode of association and concomitant microstructure changes.