gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of a Highly Potent and Selective Isotopically Labeled Retinoic Acid Receptor Ligand, ALRT1550 (1998)

The syntheses of two labeled homologues of (2E,4E,6E)-7-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-3-methylocta-2,4,6-trienoic acid (ALRT1550, 2), [(13)CD(3)]ALRT1550 (3) and [(3)H]ALRT1550 (4), are described in this report. ALRT1550 is an exceptionally potent antiproliferative agent which is currently in phase I/II clinical trials for acute chemotherapy. Both homologues were prepared from commercially available 3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoic acid. Homologue [(13)CD(3)]ALRT1550 was labeled at the 7-position of the trienoic acid chain via addition of [(13)CD(3)]MgI to a Weinreb amide precursor. The preparation of [(3)H]ALRT1550 utilized novel methodology to synthesize a sterically hindered and site-specific tritium-labeled tert-butyl group. Saturation binding and Scatchard analysis of this ligand at the retinoic acid receptors are also described, along with competition binding (K(i)) values for a series of known retinoids using [(3)H]ALRT1550 or [(3)H]ATRA as the labeled probes.
Sherlock's Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System (2011)

Awarded first prize in Internal Medicine category of British Medical Association Book of Year Awards, 2012. Following Tradition of Excellence. from reviews of previous editions: the best source of synthesized clinical wisdom -Gastroenterology a tour de force in terms of knowledge and effort -TheNew England Journal of Medicine the foremost liver book in world -The Journal of American Medical Association. beautifully produced -Hepatology Over past 56 years, thousands of physicians have depended on Diseases of Liver and Biliary System. Its didactic and reliable clinical guidance was - and still is - beyond comparison. This brand-new edition, now named Sherlock's Diseases of Liver and Biliary System, after late Professor Dame Sheila Sherlock, continues to provide concise clinical guidance for all those treating patients with hepato-biliary disease. Enabling clinicians to formulate incisive diagnoses and appropriate treatment strategies, this book has been updated to reflect advances that have been made in last 10 years, providing didactic and reliable clinical guidance in hepatology from world's leading experts. A consistent chapter structure allows readers to access information immediately, with summary boxes and key learning points throughout, and special emphasis on latest in evidence-based clinical guidance. And for first time, this edition now offers free companion website providing 680 full-color illustrations and figures in book, for use in scientific presentations. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Osteoarthritis. A continuing challenge. (1995)

Osteoarthritis is a disorder of cartilage that affects almost 85% of the population by age 75. A lack of rigorous clinical and radiographic criteria for defining the disorder makes precise determination of its prevalence impossible. The process of wear and tear explains many manifestations of osteoarthritis, but it does not account for some of the clinical findings or the biochemical changes in osteoarthritic cartilage. Thus, other factors such as heredity, hormones, and diet may play a role. Treatment consists of teaching patients about their disease, alleviating pain, and preserving joint function. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be no more effective than simple analgesics in relieving the pain of this disorder. Moreover, some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can adversely affect cartilage metabolism, and most are possibly dangerous in elderly patients. Drugs that inhibit the production or activity of chondrolytic enzymes can slow the degeneration of cartilage in some animals, but their effects on humans with osteoarthritis are unproved. The surgical repair of severely damaged joints can have gratifying results.
Investigation of antiislanding protection of power converter based distributed generators using frequency domain analysis (2004)

Islanding of a grid connected distributed generation (DG) unit occurs when a section of the utility system containing such generators is disconnected from the main utility, but the independent DGs continue to energize the utility lines in the isolated section (termed as an island). Unintended islanding is a concern, primarily because it poses a hazard to utility and customer equipment, maintenance personnel and the general public. The algorithm proposed by the Sandia National Laboratories is analyzed in this study because it is considered to be effective in detecting the formation of such islands. Previously, there has not been any quantitative analysis for tuning the control gains of the algorithm based on the rating and bandwidth of the DG power converter. The paper interprets the components of the algorithm that affect the voltage magnitude and frequency into block diagrams that can be linearized and studied using continuous time approximations. The model represents DG operation while connected or disconnected from the main utility. This paper uses frequency domain approach to analyze the range for the gains required by antiislanding algorithm to effectively determine the disconnection of the mains grid within an acceptable time duration. The effect of variation of DG's operating power level is studied and demonstrated how the gains of the algorithm can be set to be effective for a wide power range. The results are validated using detailed time domain DG and power system simulations.
Digital imaging colposcopy: corrected area measurements using shape-from-shading (1998)

The quantitative measurement of areas on the cervix is of interest to researchers studying the natural history of human papilloma viral lesions. Measurement of areas from images obtained through a colposcope are, however, inherently in error due to the image being a two-dimensional projection of a three-dimensional object. The ability to correct for these errors through use of digital imaging colposcopy and a practical application of a shape from shading algorithm was developed in this study. The shape from shading technique requires empirical measurement of the relationship between observed light intensity and the viewing angle (referred to as a reflection map). It was found that a population mean reflection map provided a correction that was about as accurate as using an individual's own reflection map (making it unnecessary to measure a map for each exam). Digital red filtering of the images increased accuracy and precision of measurement.
[The significance of hemogasanalysis in acute myocardial infarction: hemodynamic and respiratory correlations (author's transl)]. (1976)

Hemodynamic and hemogasanalytic comparative study was performed in 46 patients admitted to our Coronary Care Unit because of myocardial infarction. The values of pH; PO2; PCO2; HbaO2; HbvO2; SBP; CVP; PAP; WP; Q; and CI were recorded simultaneously in every patient one or more times during the first 72 hours of the disease. The patients were divided into four classes according to the severity of hemodynamic impairment. Statistical analysis of the obtained results was then performed. In all patients more or less severe hypoxemia was found, but it was not statistically related to the severity of hemodynamic impairment. Instead, the values of PvO2 and HbvO2 showed a very significant correlation with Q and CI. Moreover, in 11 patients the venous admixture (QVA/Q) was measured several times in order to study the cause of the arterial hypoxemia thoroughly. It showed a very significant direct correlation with Q and CI. The interpretation of this phenomenon is then discussed and it is suggested that, in such patients, an increase of cardiac output causes an increased flow through poorly ventilated areas.
Improved quality and comprehensiveness in nursing documentation of pressure ulcers after implementing an electronic health record in hospital care (2009)

Education related to the use of the electronic health record and evidence-based pressure ulcer prevention should be provided to the nurses. To facilitate documentation, the templates need to be refined to be more user-friendly.
Nonenzymatic Glucosylation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Alters Its Biologic Activity (1982)

Human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was glucosylated by incubation in vitro with glucose (20-80 mM) with or without addition of cyanoborohydride. The incorporation of covalently bound glucose was linear over time, and amino acid analysis showed the presence of glucosyllysine residues. The glucosylated LDL (glc LDL) moved more rapidly than normal LDL on agarose electrophoresis. The rate of degradation of 125I-labeled glucosylated LDL (glc LDL) by cultured human fibroblasts was reduced compared with that of native I-LDL, the difference increasing with extent of glucosylation. Effects were seen with blockage of as few as 6-15% of the LDL lysine residues; high-affinity degradation was completely lost when one-third of the lysine residues were blocked. Conjugation of LDL with glucose-6-phosphate also blocked high-affinity uptake and degradation. Whereas native LDL uptake inhibited the activity of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and stimulated acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase activity, glc LDL had no effects on these enzymes. The fractional catabolic rate of glc LDL in guinea pigs was reduced. Degradation of glc LDL by mouse peritoneal macrophages was not significantly faster than that of native LDL. Finally, the presence of glc LDL in human plasma was demonstrated. Preliminary data show that 1.3% of lysine residues in normal LDL and 2-5.3% of lysines in diabetic LDL were glucosylated. Since, like other plasma proteins, LDL undergoes glucosylation in diabetes, its turnover and sites of catabolism may differ from normal and this may be relevant to the accelerated atherosclerosis of diabetes.
Phase Behaviour, Interfacial Tension and Microstructure of Microemulsions (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Phase behaviour Interfacial tension Microstructure Conclusion Acknowledgement Notes References
Experience in developing Ka-band waveguide filter with HTS E-plane insert (2013)

This paper presents the results of the design and testing of seven-pole BPF Ka band with bilateral HTS insert in the E-plane rectangular waveguide. Study of the possibility of reducing the insertion loss in the E-plane filters with HTS inserts compared with losses in the filters with normal metal inserts is a purpose of the work. HTS insert is a single crystal MgO substrate of 0.5 mm thickness, of which the two surfaces are coated with superconducting YBCO films. By photolithography method, identical insert portions of the superconducting layers were removed on both sides of a substrate and thereby "window” chains were formed with a height equal to the height of the standard rectangular waveguide of 7.2x3.4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> section. The lengths of all "windows" and the distance between them along the axis OZ were calculated as a result of designing the filter. Therefore, individual resonators of seven-pole BPF are rectangular waveguide sections with dielectric MgO plates in the E-plane. The mutual coupling between the resonators and the coupling of the first and the last resonators with matched waveguide are carried out by means of pairs of the below-cutoff waveguide sections formed by the original walls of the waveguide and the conducting YBCO layers. It is clear that the principle of operation of the filter with HTS insert analogous to the principle of BPF widely used in practice with normal metal E-plane inserts.
Design strategies of opto-mechanical micro oscillators for the detection of the ponderomotive squeezing (2013)

The interaction of the radiation pressure with micro-mechanical oscillators is earning a growing interest for its wide-range applications (including high sensitivity measurements of force and position) and for fundamental research (entanglement, ponderomotive squeezing, quantum non-demolition measurements). In this contribution we describe the fabrication of a family of opto-mechanical devices specifically designed to ease the detection of ponderomotive squeezing and of entanglement between macroscopic objects and light. These phenomena are not easily observed, due to the overwhelming effects of classical noise sources of thermal origin with respect to the weak quantum fluctuations of the radiation pressure. Therefore, a low thermal noise background is required, together with a weak interaction between the micro-mirror and this background (i.e. high mechanical quality factors). The device should also be capable to manage a relatively large amount of dissipated power at cryogenic temperatures, as the use of a laser with power up to a ten of mW can be useful to enhance radiation pressure effects. In the development of our opto-mechanical devices, we are exploring an approach focused on relatively thick silicon oscillators with high reflectivity coating. The relatively high mass is compensated by the capability to manage high power at low temperatures, owing to a favourable geometric factor (thicker connectors) and the excellent thermal conductivity of silicon crystals at cryogenic temperature. We have measured at cryogenic temperatures mechanical quality factors up to 10<sup>5</sup> in a micro-oscillator designed to reduce as much as possible the strain in the coating layer and the consequent energy dissipation. This design improves an approach applied in micro-mirror and micro-cantilevers, where the coated surface is reduced as much as possible to improve the quality factor. The deposition of the highly reflective coating layer has been carefully integrated in the micromachining process to preserve its low optical losses: an optical finesse of F = 6×10<sup>4</sup> has been measured in a Fabry-Perot cavity with the micro-resonator used as end mirror.
Interactions of sulphide and other ligands with cytochrome c oxidase. An electron-paramagnetic-resonance study (1984)

The effect of sulphide on resting oxidized cytochrome c oxidase was studied by both e.p.r. and optical-absorption spectroscopy. Excess sulphide causes some reduction of cytochrome a, CuA and CuB, and the formation of the cytochrome a3-SH complex after about 1 min. After several hours in the presence of excess sulphide only the e.p.r. signals due to low-spin ferricytochrome a3-SH persist, giving a partially reduced species. Re-oxidation of this partially reduced sulphide-bound enzyme by ferricyanide makes all of the metal centres except CuB detectable by e.p.r. We conclude that sulphide has reduced and binds to CuB as well as to ferricytochrome a3. Sulphide binding to cuprous CuB may raise its mid-point potential and make re-oxidation difficult. Addition of reductant (ascorbate + NNN'N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine) and sulphide together to the oxidized resting enzyme produces a species in which cytochrome a and CuA are nearly completely reduced and cytochrome a3 is e.p.r.-detectable as approx. 80% of one haem in the low-spin sulphide-bound complex. The g = 12 signal of this partially reduced derivative is almost unchanged in magnitude relative to that of the resting enzyme; this suggests that the g = 12 signal may arise from less than 20% of the enzyme and that it may be relatively unreactive to both ligation and reduction. Such a reactivity pattern of the g = 12 form of the oxidase is also demonstrated with the ligands F- and NO, which are thought to bind to cytochrome a3 and CuB respectively.
Development of process evaluation of improved Fischer-Tropsch slurry catalysts (1988)

The objective of this contract is to develop a consistent technical data base on the use of iron-based catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis reactions. This data base will be developed to allow the unambiguous comparison of the performance of these catalysts with each other and with state-of-the-art iron catalyst compositions. Particular attention will be devoted to generating reproducible kinetic and selectivity data and to developing reproducible improved catalyst compositions.
A ROBUST CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION ALGORITHM FORWIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (2011)

Recently, the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) were proposed with the goal of maximizing and assessing the synchronization accuracy in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Because the network delays may assume any distribution and the performance of MLE is quite sensitive to the distribution of network delays, designing clock synchronization algorithms that are robust to unknown network delay distributions appears as an important problem. By adopting a Bayesian framework, this paper proposes a novel clock synchronization algorithm, called Iterative Gaussian Mixture Kalman Particle Filter (IGMKPF), which is shown to achieve good and robust performance in the presence of unknown network delay distributions. The Posterior Cramer-Rao Bound (PCRB) and the Mean-Square Error (MSE) of IGMKPF are evaluated and shown to exhibit improved performance and robustness relative to MLE.
Characterization of the Yeast and Human Receptors for the Carboxy-terminal Tripeptide Peroxisomal Targeting Signal (1995)

Proteins resident in the peroxisomal membrane and matrix are encoded by nuclear genes and imported posttranslationally (Lazarow and Fujiki 1985). Genetic and biochemical evidence in yeast and humans supports the notion that there are at least two pathways for the import of proteins into the peroxisomal matrix, each dependent on the use of a specific peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) and a cognate receptor (Subramani 1993). Whether these import pathways are completely distinct or converge to use the same translocation machinery is unknown. Earlier work in mammalian cells has identified a carboxy-terminal, tripeptide sequence (S/A/C-K/R/H-L/M), called PTS1, as the major targeting signal used for the sorting of proteins into the peroxisomal matrix (Gould et al. 1989). A second sequence, called PTS2, is used by a smaller subset of proteins represented by rat peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase. This PTS is an amino-terminal undecapeptide (MHRLQVVLGHL) that is sometimes cleaved proteolytically following import of the...
Practical use of ‘Diprifusor’ systems (1998)

This paper describes practical aspects relating to the safe use of target controlled infusion systems in anaesthesia. Consideration is given to the correct use of syringes and infusion lines for any target controlled infusion system. The importance of appropriate connections, minimising infusion line dead space and the avoidance of syphoning are emphasised. The first two commercially available infusion pumps to incorporate the 'Diprifusor' module for the administration of propofol by target controlled infusion are the Graseby 3500 (Graseby Medical Ltd) and the Vial Master TCI (Fresenius Vial SA, originally developed by Becton Dickinson). Particular features of these systems are discussed. Finally, the practical consequences of possible misuse of infusion systems incorporating pharmacokinetic models are considered.
Spot Cooling Using Electrowetting-Controlled Thin Film Heat Transfer (2012)

We report an electrowetting-controlled cooling system with site-specific treatments on the heat source (evaporator or hot spot) surfaces. Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) has great potential in thermal management because EWOD-driven droplet transport has unique characteristics of prompt response, low power consumption and programmable paths without the need for any mechanical moving parts. Prompt and fast droplet transport is necessary for adaptive and active cooling of high heat flux targets. Using a multi-channel DC/AC control system, we carried out sequenced activation of AC voltages on coplanar electrodes and transmitted a droplet to the spot target along a programmable path. With high positioning accuracy at the chip level, we have successfully transmitted a water droplet of 15 μL at speeds as high as ∼10 cm/s. We further improved electrowetting cooling performance by coating a fine copper screen on the cooling targets. The capillarity associated with the copper screen facilitates the delivered droplets automatically spreading and clinging to the target surfaces. As a result, heat transfer is in the more efficient form of filmwise evaporation at the evaporator sites. To maintain a thin film with proper thickness on the hot spots, we implemented EWOD-assisted droplet splitting and merging to precisely control the droplet volume to avoid fluid flooding (accumulation) on the hot spot surfaces. Our investigation indicates that thin-film evaporation is a high-efficiency heat transfer mechanism on a hydrophilized hot spot surface. Based on EWOD technique with surface treatments, the superheat on a hot spot of 4mm × 4mm was maintained well below 30°C even when the heat flux reached as high as 80W/cm2. The closed loop of this novel thermal management system can potentially function as a wickless vapor chamber or heat pipe with enhanced heat dissipation capabilities.
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (1992)

A detailed account is given of the occurrence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), current research into the aetiology of this new disease of cattle, and the relationship between BSE, scrapie and other similar diseases. Epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, prevention and control are described.
Automatic impact sound generation for using in nonvisual interfaces (1994)

This paper describes work in progress on automatic generation of “impact sounds” based on purely physical modelling. These sounds can be used as non-speech audio presentation of objects and as interaction mechanisms to non visual interfaces. Different approaches for synthesizing impact sounds, the process of recording impact sounds and the analysis of impact sounds are introduced. A physical model for describing impact sounds “spherical objects hitting flat plates or beams” is presented. Some examples of impact sounds generated by mentioned physical model and comparison of spectra of real recorded sounds and model generated impact sounds (generated via physical modelling) are discussed. The objective of this research project (joint project University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) is to develop a concept, methods and a prototype for an audio framework. This audio framework shall describe sounds on a highly abstract semantic level. Every sound is to be described as the result of one or several interactions between one or several objects at a certain place and in a certain environment.