gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coinfection of hepatitis B and hepatitis delta virus in Belgium: A multicenter BASL study. Prospective epidemiology and comparison with HBV mono‐infection (2013)

Epidemiological data on hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in Belgium are lacking. A multicenter questionnaire-based registry on HDV infection was collated between March 1, 2008 and February 28, 2009. It consisted of patients coinfected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HDV. The data samples were compared to those of a concurrent registry on HBV infection. Prospective data of patients with HBV-HDV coinfection were collected. Active HBV replication is defined as HBeAg positivity or HBV DNA > 2,000 IU/ml. Forty-four patients from 15 centers were registered. A comparison of 29 patients infected with HDV (registered in the concurrent HBV registry) was made against 785 HBV mono-infected patients. The seroprevalence of patients coinfected with HBV and HDV in Belgium is reported to be 3.7% (29/785), consisting solely of the HBV-HDV coinfected patients in the HBV registry. This rises to 5.5% (44/800) if all patients infected with HDV from the two registries combined are included. The patients coinfected with HBV and HDV had higher (P < 0.05) ALT values and more advanced liver disease (Metavir score ≥F2), but had less active HBV replication and lower HBV DNA titers when compared with the patients infected only with HBV. Additionally, the majority of HBV-HDV coinfected patient was male, and 13.6% (6/44) of the patients that were coinfected HBV and HDV were also infected with HCV. In conclusion, this study provided much needed epidemiological data on the current state of HDV infection in Belgium.
Degradation of AIMP1/p43 Induced by Hepatitis C Virus E2 Leads to Upregulation of TGF-β Signaling and Increase in Surface Expression of gp96 (2014)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes chronic hepatitis leading to liver fibrosis and autoimmune diseases. AIMP1/p43 is a multifunctional protein initially known as a cofactor of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex. Its function includes negative regulation of TGF-β signaling and suppression of Lupus-like autoimmune disease by inhibition of surface expression of gp96. HCV E2 was shown to directly interact with AIMP1/p43 by GST pulldown assay and coimmunoprecipitation. Their subcellular colocalization was observed in an immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. We showed that HCV E2 led to degradation of AIMP1/p43 in two ways. First, in the presence of HCV E2, endogenous AIMP1/p43 was shown to be degraded in an ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway. Second, grp78, an ER chaperone, was shown to interact with and stabilize AIMP1/p43. And HCV E2 inhibited this interaction leading to reduction of cellular AIMP1/p43. The degradation of AIMP1/p43 by HCV E2 resulted in increase of TGF-β signaling and cell surface expression of gp96. Thus we suggest that these are novel mechanisms responsible for liver fibrosis and autoimmune diseases caused by HCV.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Functional Characterization of an scFv-Fc Antibody that Immunotherapeutically Targets the Common Cancer Cell Surface Proteoglycan CSPG4 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 175K&lt;/p&gt;
Tendinopathy and rupture of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle: evaluation with MR arthrography. (1998)

MR findings of tendinopathy and rupture of the biceps tendon are subtle. However, the combination of several MR criteria in two imaging planes makes a reasonably accurate diagnosis possible. The biceps tendon should not only be assessed in the bicipital sulcus on axial images but also on parasagittal images.
Equilibrium distribution of K+ ions in the hydrophilic spacer of tethered bilayer lipid membranes (2009)

Tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLMs) have been extensively employed to investigate the function of channel-forming peptides and proteins. They consist of a lipid bilayer tethered to the surface of an Au or Hg electrode through an oligopeptide or polyethyleneoxy “hydrophilic spacer”. Upon incorporating an ion-selective channel in the tBLM, an equilibrium distribution of the permeating ion along the hydrophilic spacer is attained at each applied potential. An electrochemical model of tBLMs is developed to calculate the equilibrium concentration profile of the permeating ion along the hydrophilic spacer as a function of the applied potential. The limited spaciousness of the hydrophilic spacer is accounted for by imposing a maximum local volume concentration to the ion. The present approach is general. In this work, it is applied to a particular mercury-supported (tetraethyleneoxy spacer)|(phospholipid bilayer) tBLM bathed by an aqueous solution of 0.1 M KCl. Penetration of K+ ions into the hydrophilic spacer was realized by incorporating in this tBLM either the ion carrier valinomycin or the ion channel gramicidin. The equilibrium charge of the cation in the hydrophilic spacer at each applied potential was determined by jumping to the given potential from a fixed potential positive enough to exclude the presence of K+ ions in the spacer.
Mechanical Testing of Flexible Silicon Carbide Interconnect Ribbons (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A Practical Manufacturing Synthesis of 1-(R)-Hydroxymethyl-Dtpa: An Important Intermediate in the Synthesis of MRI Contrast Agents (1999)

Abstract An efficient synthesis of alcohol 2 is described from L-Serine (OMe) in four synthetic steps. The process uses readily available reagents and is suitable for manufacturing.
Implicit calculations of transonic flows using monotone methods (1981)

Implicit approximate-factorization algorithms have been developed that use monotone methods for the calculation of steady and unsteady transonic flows governed by the small-disturbance-potential equation. These algorithms use the new Engquist-Osher switch in the type-dependent differencing in place of the standard Murman-Cole switch. The resulting algorithms are more stable; hence, calculations can be done more efficiently. For steady flows, the convergence rate is about 35% faster, and for unsteady flows the allowable time step is about 10 times larger. These improvements are achieved with no increase in computer storage and with only minor modifications in codes that use the Murman-Cole switch. Also an implicit algorithm has been developed for the steady full-potential equation in one-dimension, which uses monotone methods.
[Effects of combined use of curcumin and catechin on cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression in dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis]. (2005)

Curcumin and catechin have synergistic effect on ACF and COX-2 mRNA expression in rat colon carcinogenesis, suggesting their potential value in the prevention of human colon cancers.
Natural AD-Like Neuropathology in Octodon degus: Impaired Burrowing and Neuroinflammation (2015)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, affecting more than 36 million people worldwide. Octodon degus, a South American rodent, has been found to spontaneously develop neuropathological signs of AD, including amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau deposits, as well as a decline in cognition with age. Firstly, the present work introduces a novel behavioral assessment for O. degus - the burrowing test - which appears to be a useful tool for detecting neurodegeneration in the O. degus model for AD. Such characterization has potentially wide-ranging implications, because many of these changes in species-typical behaviors are reminiscent of the impairments in activities of daily living (ADL), so characteristic of human AD. Furthermore, the present work characterizes the AD-like neuropathology in O. degus from a gene expression point of view, revealing a number of previously unreported AD biomarkers, which are found in human AD: amyloid precursor protein (APP), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), oxidative stress-related genes from the NFE2L2 and PPAR pathway, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines and complement proteins, in agreement with the known link between neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. In summary, the present results confirm a natural neuropathology in O. degus with similar characteristics to AD at behavioral, cellular and molecular levels. These characteristics put O. degus in a singular position as a natural rodent model for research into AD pathogenesis and therapeutics against AD.
Human Factors in the Design of Human–Machine Interaction: An Overview Emphasizing V2X Communication (2016)

More and more modern vehicles are incorporating connected technologies that use data collected by sensors located in other vehicles or infrastructure (V2X) to assist the driver. Deployment of upcoming technologies based on cooperative systems will likely be the key step toward a significant reduction of accidents across the globe. Particularly in the case of conveying information to the driver in the form of dynamic warnings based on V2X communication technologies representing different levels of danger, it is crucial to investigate driver distraction levels, as well as the modality and dimension of the visual warnings and their appropriate in-vehicle location. This paper summarizes and analyzes previously published works in the field of human–machine interaction for use in a vehicular context, in particular those which address messages conveyed by cooperative systems, providing the designer and the general audience with a background, variety of approaches, and example applications of the most current and important concepts in the field.
The synthesis of trypanocides. Part V. A rearrangement of some 6-amino-1-methylpyrimidinium salts, and the synthesis of 4-amino-1 : 2-dimethyl-6-(1 : 2-dimethyl-6-methylaminopyrimidinium-4-amino)-quinolinium di-iodide (1955)

H. C. Carrington, F. H. S. Curd and D. N. Richardson, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 1858 DOI: 10.1039/JR9550001858
Structural Proteins of Adenovirus-Associated Virus Type 3 (1971)

Three major structural proteins were found in adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) type 3H virions which were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of the polypeptides were determined to be approximately 66,000 (VP1), 80,000 (VP2), and 92,000 (VP3). The component having a molecular weight of 66,000 comprised about 80% of the total virion protein in the major AAV-3H particle, and the other two components comprised about 10% each. Proteins of the same molecular weight were found in the minor dense AAV-3H virion, but the 80,000- and 92,000-molecular-weight components were present at about one-half the concentration. The AAV-3H virion contains about 72 molecules of VP1 and 8 and 7 molecules of VP2 and VP3, respectively.
The Mechanism of Self-Catalyzed Site-Selective Functionalization of a Designed Helix−Loop−Helix Motif (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe Mechanism of Self-Catalyzed Site-Selective Functionalization of a Designed Helix−Loop−Helix MotifKlas Broo, Lars Brive, Ann-Christin Lundh, Per Ahlberg, and Lars BaltzerView Author Information Department of Organic Chemistry Göteborg University 412 96 Göteborg, SwedenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 34, 8172–8173Publication Date (Web):August 28, 1996Publication History Received3 April 1996Published online28 August 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja961097lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja961097lrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views213Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Kinetic parameters,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,pH Get e-Alerts
A new nano‐(2Li2O/MgO) catalyst/porous alpha‐alumina composite for the oxidative coupling of methane reaction (2009)

Abstract The present work discloses a new methodology for the production of detached nanorods of 2Li 2 O/MgO catalyst particles on the internal surface of α‐Al 2 O 3 porous supports to be used as efficient catalysts for the oxidative coupling of methane reaction (OCM). The peculiarity of our preparatory recipe is the success in producing “detached” nanosized entities on the support surface. The performance of the new catalyst/support system for the OCM reaction has been evaluated using a special reactor assembly with cross flow of methane and oxygen gas streams. Under the optimum process conditions, the yield of C product is 25% at an average reaction temperature of 750°C. Under the optimum conditions, the yield of ethylene reaches 8%. It is shown that the enhanced catalytic properties of the new catalyst/support composite may be attributed to nanoeffects. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Quantum Control of Spin Qubits Using Nanomagnets (2022)

Single-qubit gates are essential components of a universal quantum computer. Without selective addressing of individual qubits, scalable implementation of quantum algorithms is not possible. When the qubits are discrete points or regions on a lattice, the selective addressing of magnetic spin qubits at the nanoscale remains a challenge due to the difficulty of localizing and confining a classical divergence-free field to a small volume of space. Herein we propose a new technique for addressing spin qubits using voltage-control of nanoscale magnetism, exemplified by the use of voltage control of magnetic anisotropy (VCMA). We show that by tuning the frequency of the nanomagnet's electric field drive to the Larmor frequency of the spins confined to a nanoscale volume, and by modulating the phase of the drive, single-qubit quantum gates with fidelities approaching those for fault-tolerant quantum computing can be implemented. Such single-qubit gate operations have the advantage of remarkable energy efficiency, requiring only tens of femto-Joules per gate operation, and lossless, purely magnetic field control (no E-field over the target volume). Their physical realization is also straightforward using existing foundry manufacturing techniques.
The strigolactone biosynthesis gene DWARF27 is co-opted in rhizobium symbiosis (2015)

Our data show that the phosphate-starvation responsive strigolactone biosynthesis gene MtD27 is also rapidly induced by rhizobium LCO signals in an MtNSP1 and MtNSP2-dependent manner. Additionally, we show that MtD27 is co-expressed with MtCCD7 and MtCCD8 in nodule primordia and in the infection zone of mature nodules.
[Magnetic resonance tomography in trauma of the knee joint]. (1995)

Technical improvements of MRI have significantly improved the visualization of joints. New sequences and experience with MRI has lead to increased sensitivity and specificity of internal joint lesions. For the first time, contusions of the subchondral bone which are prognostically significant for the developing of chondral lesions can be identified. To date, no other tests are available to identify such lesions. This review article outlines the current value of MRI for evaluating post-traumatic knee joint injuries.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 8 from Single Copies of Mutant <i>KRAS</i> and Mutant <i>PIK3CA</i> Cooperate in Immortalized Human Epithelial Cells to Induce Tumor Formation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1480K, Figure S1. Double knock in clones have single mutant PIK3CA alleles and equivalent expression of mutant and wild type PIK3CA and form aberrant structures in 3D culture. Figure S2. DKI xenografts retain the same number of KRAS and PIK3CA alleles. Figure S3. Knock out of mutant PIK3CA affects tumorigenicity in nude mouse xenograft assays. Figure S4. DKI cell lines show phosphorylation of Akt and Erk in physiologic but not supra-physiologic concentrations of EGF. Figure S5. DKI cells have increased phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein but not 4E-BP1. Figure S6. DKI cells are sensitive to the MEK inhibitor U0126 but not to rapamycin and show differential effects on phosphorylation of Akt, Erk, p70S6K and p90RSK. Figure S7. Transgene expression of mutant PIK3CA cDNA with and without RBD mutations in MCF- 10A and KRAS G12V knock in cell lines. Figure S8. Pdk1 activity is increased in DKI cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Deposition and anneal behavior of Al-1.5%Cu films: TEM characterization (1991)

Al-1.5%Cu materials are of interest for interconnect-metallization in semiconductor integrated-circuits. It is known from the literature that the mean-time-to-failure (MTF) due to electromigration of the Al-1.5%Cu interconnects depends on the microstructure of the materials. A correlation is seen for instance between grain-size distributions in the material and the MTF. Uniform large-grained distributions improve lifetime. The present study evaluated the microstructure of Al-1.5%Cu films deposited and annealed under different conditions. Al-1.5%Cu films had been deposited at 25°C and at 300°C; the layers had then been annealed at 300°C for 17 hours, prior to TEM investigation. Plan-view TEM specimens were prepared in the 100 substrategeometry, and cross-section TEM specimens were prepared in the 110 substrate-geometry. These were then analyzed using bright-field and dark-field TEM imaging techniques. A JEOL JEM 200CX transmission electron microscope was used for the investigation, operating at 200 kV.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Nitric Oxide-Donor Largazole Prodrugs (2020)

The marine natural product Largazole is the most potent Class I HDAC inhibitor identified to date. Since its discovery, many research groups have been attracted by the structural complexity and the peculiar anticancer activity, due to its capability to discriminate between tumor cells and normal cells. Herein, we discuss the synthesis and the <i>in vitro</i> biological profile of hybrid analogues of Largazole, as dual HDAC inhibitor and nitric oxide (NO) donors, potentially useful as anticancer agents. In particular, the metabolic stability of the modified thioester moiety of Largazole, bearing the NO-donor function/s, the <i>in vitro</i> release of NO, and the antiproliferative activity in tumor cell lines are presented.
<title>Color AC plasma panel barrier measurement system</title> (1996)

A system for measuring barriers in a color AC plasma panel has been developed. Barriers are used in this type of display to prevent phosphors in cells adjacent to lit cells from being excited which adversely affects color purity. The geometry of the barriers is a significant factor for successful operation of color plasma panels and must be measured to verify that the barriers are within specifications. Barrier height is on the order of several mils with a pitch on the order of about 10 mils. A system developed for spacer measurements was available for this application. However, it did not have sufficient light sensitivity because the barriers reflect light much less efficiently than traditional panels. The original system employed a light section microscope for height measurement. The video amplifier gain was boosted significantly in the frame grabber and frame integration was provided to reduce noise. Finally, background subtraction was provided to remove shading variations associated with the normally insignificant dark current of the CCD sensor. Once a good image had been obtained, morphological processing was performed to reduce noise and centroid calculations were performed to provide an accurate measure of the barrier surface height.
Learning Multiple Tasks with Kernel Methods (2005)

We study the problem of learning many related tasks simultaneously using kernel methods and regularization. The standard single-task kernel methods, such as support vector machines and regularization networks, are extended to the case of multi-task learning. Our analysis shows that the problem of estimating many task functions with regularization can be cast as a single task learning problem if a family of multi-task kernel functions we define is used. These kernels model relations among the tasks and are derived from a novel form of regularizers. Specific kernels that can be used for multi-task learning are provided and experimentally tested on two real data sets. In agreement with past empirical work on multi-task learning, the experiments show that learning multiple related tasks simultaneously using the proposed approach can significantly outperform standard single-task learning particularly when there are many related tasks but few data per task.
Resolving Redundancy: A Recurring Problem in a Lessons Learned System (2000)

The value of a lessons learned collection depends on how readily the right lesson can be retrieved at the right time. In this paper, we discuss one such collection, from the Eureka system for exchanging tips on photocopier repair. Feedback from Xerox photocopier repair technicians using Eureka in-dicates that redundancy in the knowledge base is a signifi-cant impediment to effective use of the collection. To ad-dress this, we are starting a project to develop knowledge-intensive approaches to resolving the redundancies that naturally accumulate in a focused document collection with many authors.
Palladium- and platinum-catalysed addition of aldehydes with allylstannanes (1995)

The reaction of allylic stannanes 1 with aldehydes 2(or a ketone) takes place in the presence of catalytic amounts of PdCl2(PPh3)2 or PtCl2(PPh3)2 to give the corresponding homoallyl alcohols 3 in good to high yields.
A Novel Single Polysilicon EEPROM Cell With a Polyfinger Capacitor (2007)

In this letter, we describe a novel single polysilicon electrically erasable read-only memory cell with polyfinger capacitor for the control gate (CG). A finger-type capacitor structure with CoSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is applied to a floating gate and the CG of the proposed cell. The proposed cell is fabricated by using a 0.18-mum standard logic process. The intergate dielectrics of the proposed cell are formed by a conventional lightly doped drain spacer material that is composed of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> to avoid any process modification. A Fowler-Nordheim tunneling method is applied for the programming and erasing of the cell. Endurance characteristics of up to 120 000 cycles are demonstrated. The proposed cell shows acceptable data retention characteristics.