gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Dexamethasone decreases the duration of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block: a randomised controlled study. (2013)

BACKGROUND: Several drugs influence the time course of neuromuscular block during general anaesthesia.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a single dose of dexamethasone 8 mg on the time course of a rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block.DESIGN: A randomised controlled, unblinded, monocentre trial.SETTING: Kreiskrankenhaus Dormagen, Dormagen, Germany.PATIENTS: One hundred and eight adult patients scheduled for elective gynaecological laparoscopic surgery allocated to three groups.INTERVENTIONS: Patients received dexamethasone 8 mg intravenously 2 to 3 h prior to surgery (Group A), during induction of anaesthesia (Group B) or after recovery of the neuromuscular block (Group C, control).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The time course of the neuromuscular block of rocuronium 0.3 mg kg was assessed using acceleromyography. The primary end point was the time from start of injection of rocuronium until recovery to a train-of-four ratio of 0.9.RESULTS: The clinical duration was decreased in Group A (15.8 ± 4.5 min) compared with Group B (18.7 ± 5.8 min; P = 0.031). The recovery index was reduced in Group A (6.8 ± 1.8 min) compared with Group B (8.1 ± 2.6 min; P = 0.018) and Group C (8.3 ± 2.8 min; P = 0.01). The recovery to a train-of-four ratio of 0.9 was shorter in Group A (30.4 ± 6.9 min) than in Groups B (36.3 ± 10.7 min; P = 0.031) and C (36.8 ± 11.3 min; P = 0.02).CONCLUSION: A single dose of dexamethasone 8 mg attenuated rocuronium-induced block by 15 to 20% if administered 2 to 3 h prior to induction of anaesthesia. However, the administration of dexamethasone during induction of anaesthesia did not influence the time course of the neuromuscular block.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT01782820. PMID: 24136379
New Position Algorithms for the 3D CZT Drift Detector (2017)

The 3-D position sensitive CZT detector for high-energy astrophysics developed at DTU has been investigated with a digitizer readout system. The 3-D CZT detector is based on the CZT drift-strip detector principle and was fabricated using a REDLEN CZT crystal (20 mm × 20 mm × 5 mm). The detector contains 12 drift cells, each comprising one collecting anode strip with four drift strips, biased such that the electrons are focused and collected by the anode strips. Three-dimensional position determination is achieved using the anode strip signals, the drift-strip signals, and the signals from ten cathode strips. For the characterization work, we used a DAQ system with a 16 channels 250-MHz 14-b digitizer, SIS3316. It allowed us to analyze the pulse shapes of the signals from four detector cells at a time. The 3-D CZT setup was characterized with a finely collimated radioactive source of 137Cs at 662 keV. The analysis required development of novel position determination algorithms which are the subject of this paper. Using the digitizer readout, we demonstrate improved position determination compared to the previous read out system based on analog electronics. Position resolutions of 0.4-mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) in the x-, y-, and z-directions were achieved and the energy resolution was 7.2-keV FWHM at 662 keV. The timing information allows identification of multiple interaction events within one detector cell, e.g., Compton scattering followed by photoelectric absorption. These characteristics are very important for a high-energy spectral-imager suitable for use in advanced Compton telescopes, or as focal detector for new hard X-ray and soft γ-ray focusing telescopes or in polarimeter instrumentation. CZT detectors are attractive for these applications since they offer relatively high-quantum efficiency. From a technical point of view it is advantageous that their cooling requirements are modest.
Influence of backflow on skin friction in turbulent pipe flow (2018)

A direct numerical simulation of a turbulent pipe flow (Reτ = 544) is used to investigate the influence of the backflow on the vortical structures that contribute to the local skin friction. The backflow is a rare event with a probability density function (PDF) of less than 10−3. The backflow is found to extend up to y+ ≈ 4 and is induced by the presence of a vortex in the buffer layer. The flow statistics are conditionally sampled under the condition of a negative streamwise velocity (u &amp;lt; 0) at y+ = 3. The conditionally averaged u′v′+u&amp;lt;0 reaches its maximum at y+ ≈ 27. The intensified conditionally averaged velocity fluctuations contribute to vertical and spanwise momentum transport around the backflow. The ensemble averaged u′v′+ and u′w′+ reveal layered structures in the Q2 and Q4 events. A strong Q4 event appears above the backflow, flanked by two regions of Q2. The strong downwash of the flow along with the spanwise vortex induces the backflow. The upwash at upstream and downstream of the backflow enhances the movement of the low-speed flow in the streamwise and spanwise directions. The velocity–vorticity correlation reveals that the main contributions to Cf are the vorticity advection and vorticity stretching. The main contribution to the conditionally averaged Cf is the wall-normal gradient of the mean spanwise vorticity at the wall. The spanwise vorticity is positive above the backflow flanked by two regions of negative spanwise vorticity. The conditional PDF of the backflow under negative ul+ at y+ = 100 is more frequent than that under positive ul+.
Outcomes of Clostridium difficile infection in recipients of solid abdominal organ transplants (2014)

Knowledge of outcomes of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is limited. To evaluate this population, we undertook a retrospective cohort study of all recipients of kidney and liver transplants diagnosed with CDI at a single center over 14 yr. Data pertaining to all episodes of CDI were collected. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed to determine independent predictors of clinical cure. Overall, 170 patients developed 215 episodes of CDI. Among these patients, 162 episodes (75%) were cured, and in 103 episodes (48%), patients were cured within 14 d. In a multivariate analysis, lack of clinical cure at 14 d was predicted by recurrent episode (0.21, 95% CI 0.06-0.72, p = 0.0128), treatment with vancomycin (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.1-0.74, p = 0.011), vasopressor support (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.07-0.76, p = 0.0161), and CDI before the year 2004 (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.2-0.98, p = 0.0446). The latter three factors are likely markers for severity of illness. In this cohort, 13 patients (8%) died during hospitalization, and 49 patients (29%) died within one yr. No deaths were attributed to CDI. Recurrent episode was a major predictor of treatment failure, suggesting that research into development of therapeutic options for recurrent disease is needed.
The metabolism of ingested and injected [ 3 H]ecdysone by final instar larvae of Heliothis armigera (1987)

ABSTRACT. When larvae of Heliothis armigera (Hüber) are fed on a diet containing [ 3 H]ecdysone they produce large quantities of ecdysone 22‐palmitate, probably in the gut. The radiolabel is excreted in the faeces chiefly as ecdysone 22‐palmitate, but appreciable quantities of unchanged ecdysone are also found together with traces of ecdysone 2‐and 3‐acetates. No polar metabolites are found with ingested ecdysone, and the ecdysone probably did not penetrate the gut wall, since on injection into the body, ecdysone was appreciably converted into polar metabolites.
[Predominant strains of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading consortia from deep sea of the Middle Atlantic Ridge]. (2009)

We found that strains of genus Alcanivorax, Novosphingobium, Tistrella and Thalassospira were predominant bacteria of PAHs-degrading consortia in sea water and surface sediment of Middle Atlantic Ridge deep sea, with Novosphingobium spp. as their main PAHs degraders.
Metal resistant plants and phytoremediation of environmental contamination (2023)

The present disclosure provides a method of producing transgenic plants which are resistant to at least one metal ion by transforming the plant with a recombinant DNA comprising a nucleic acid encoding a bacterial arsenic reductase under the control of a plant expressible promoter, and a nucleic acid encoding a nucleotide sequence encoding a phytochelatin biosynthetic enzyme under the control of a plant expressible promoter. The invention also relates a method of phytoremediation of a contaminated site by growing in the site a transgenic plant expressing a nucleic acid encoding a bacterial arsenate reductase and a nucleic acid encoding a phytochelatin biosynthetic enzyme.
Stem cell therapy in a caprine model of osteoarthritis (2003)

Local delivery of adult mesenchymal stem cells to injured joints stimulates regeneration of meniscal tissue and retards the progressive destruction normally seen in this model of OA.
Measurement of the optical damage threshold in fused quartz (1995)

The damage thresh olds of five different types of quartz glass used for the production of spectroscopic cuvettes for liquids were determined with single temporal and spatial mode nanosecond pulses at 532 nm. One of the glasses had a damage threshold of ≃420 J/cm2, which was more than twice that of the other glasses.
Dynamic Observation of Dopamine Autoreceptor Effects in Rat Striatal Slices (1992)

Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry has been used to measure dopamine (DA) synaptic overflow in slices of rat caudate nucleus induced by electrical stimulation with one-, two-, and 50-pulse, 10-Hz trains. Synaptic overflow in this preparation is shown to be the result of the competing effects of release and cellular uptake. Release caused by all pulses was attenuated by the D2 agonist quinpirole (1 microM). The rapid time response of the measurements (100 ms) allows the autoinhibition induced by endogenous, released DA to be resolved in real time. The concentration of DA released during the second pulse of a train was 58% of that released by the first pulse, an effect that is partially blocked by the addition of 2 microM sulpiride, a D2 antagonist, to the perfusion buffer. DA release during the first stimulus pulse is unaffected by 2 microM sulpiride, suggesting that autoreceptors are not normally occupied in this preparation. Release caused by the third pulse was 14% of the first pulse and also could be partially enhanced by 2 microM sulpiride. The duration of the inhibition of release induced by endogenous DA was estimated by varying the interval between one-pulse stimulations until the overflow of DA induced by the second pulse was equal to that on the first; a half-time of approximately 17 s was found. The addition of picrotoxin (100 microM) and glutamate (10 microM) to the perfusion buffer did not affect stimulated release of DA, although the addition of atropine (100 microM) attenuated overflow for all the trains tested.
SYS 5: Systems Infrastructure (2006)

The Systems Infrastructure team assembles, tests, and provides complete sensor network solutions containing both exploratory and hardened components, from high-level applications and analysis tools, down to hardware at the sensor platform level. Recent significant progress is seen in SensorBase and ESS2 at the database and application levels; in disruption-tolerant data delivery and system control software; in auto-ranging and self-configuration acoustic platform software and in energy harvesting (heliomote) and low-power energy-aware microserver platforms (LEAP).
Electrical spin injection into Si: A comparison between Fe/Si Schottky and Fe/Al2O3 tunnel contacts (2009)

We compare electrical spin injection from Fe into Si n-i-p heterostructures using different tunnel barriers—a reversed biased Fe/Si Schottky contact and a Fe/Al2O3 barrier. The electroluminescence (EL) spectra are dominated by transverse acoustic and optical phonon emission for both types of structures. The circular polarization of the EL tracks the Fe magnetization, confirming that the spin-polarized electrons originate from the Fe in each case. However, the polarization is lower for the Fe/Si contact than for the Fe/Al2O3 contact. Transmission electron microscopy reveals a complex interface and intermixing for Fe/Si that is absent in Fe/Al2O3/Si.
Evaluation of biological aerosol stand-off detection at a field trial (2009)

We have performed a field trial to evaluate technologies for stand-off detection of biological aerosols, both in daytime and at night. Several lidar (light detection and ranging) systems were tested in parallel. We present the results from three different lidar systems; one system for detection and localization of aerosol clouds using elastic backscattering at 1.57 &#956;m, and two systems for detection and classification of aerosol using spectral detection of ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence (UV LIF) excited at 355 nm. The UV lidar systems were utilizing different technologies for the spectral detection, a photomultiplier tube (PMT) array and an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD), respectively. During the first week of the field trial, the lidar systems were measuring towards a semi-closed chamber at a distance of 230 m. The chamber was built from two docked standard 20-feet containers with air curtains in the short sides to contain the aerosol inside the chamber. Aerosol was generated inside the semi-closed chamber and monitored by reference equipments, e.g. slit sampler and particle counters. Signatures from several biological warfare agent simulants and interferents were measured at different aerosol concentrations. During the second week the aerosol was released in the air and the reference equipments were located in the centre of the test site. The lidar systems were measuring towards the test site centre at distances of either 230 m or approximately 1 km. In this paper we are presenting results and some preliminary signal processing for discrimination between different types of simulants and interference aerosols.
Regional Renal Nitric Oxide Release in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1997)

Diminished nitric oxide (NO) production has been implicated in the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension. We questioned whether such a defect is responsible for the malignant hypertension and nephrosclerosis in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) fed a high-salt/stroke-prone diet (S) versus a regular diet (R). NO release from 30-minute incubates of cortex and outer and inner medulla were studied in SHRSP at 10, 12, and 16 weeks of age on the S diet versus R diet. SHRSP-S (n=16) exhibited a marked age-dependent increase in NO release, especially in the cortex. Increases were only modest in SHRSP-R (n=21). At 16 weeks, cortical NO was 93+/-25 versus 6+/-1 pmol/mg tissue in SHRSP-S versus SHRSP-R (P<.001). Immunohistochemical staining increased mostly for neuronal, slightly for endothelial, and negligibly for inducible isoforms of NO synthase and was predominantly in the cortex of SHRSP-S versus SHRSP-R. Despite similar hypertension in SHRSP-S versus SHRSP-R (mean arterial pressure, 174+/-7 versus 177+/-2 mm Hg), malignant nephrosclerosis was seen only in SHRSP-S, affecting 22+/-6% of glomeruli and 23+/-4 vessels per 100 glomeruli by 16 weeks. N omega-nitro-L-arginine (15 mg/kg per day) in SHRSP-S (n=6) abrogated the increase in cortical NO but further augmented the hypertension and accelerated lesion development. Wistar-Kyoto rats at 16 weeks on the R diet (n=8) had NO levels similar to those of SHRSP-R, showed increased cortical NO to only 28+/-10 pmol/mg on the S diet (n=9) (P<.05 versus SHRSP-S), but remained normotensive and lesion-free. We conclude that hypertension and lesion development in SHRSP are not due to deficient renal NO. Accelerated onset of malignant nephrosclerosis by NO synthase inhibition suggests that NO is protective in these animals, mitigating the effects of hypertension and S diet on renal pathology.
A Data Processing Unit (DPU) for a Satellite-Borne Charge Composition Experiment (1985)

A data processing unit (DPU) for use with a charge composition experiment to be flown aboard the VIKING auroral research satellite is described. The function of this experiment is to measure the mass, charge state, energy, and pitch-angle distribution of ions in the earth's high-altitude magnetosphere in the energy range from 50 keV/q to 300 keV/q. In order to be compatible with the spacecraft telemetry limitations, raw sensor data are processed in the DPU using on-board composition analysis and the scalar compression. The design of this DPU is such that it can be readily adapted to a variety of space composition experiments. Special attention was given to the effect of the radiation environment on orbit since a microprocessor and a relatively large number of random access memories (RAMs) comprise a considerable portion of the DPU.
Shape Memory Polymers for Body Motion Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Mechanosensing (2018)

Growing demand in portable electronics raises a requirement to electronic devices being stretchable, deformable, and durable, for which functional polymers are ideal choices of materials. Here, the first transformable smart energy harvester and self-powered mechanosensation sensor using shape memory polymers is demonstrated. The device is based on the mechanism of a flexible triboelectric nanogenerator using the thermally triggered shape transformation of organic materials for effectively harvesting mechanical energy. This work paves a new direction for functional polymers, especially in the field of mechanosensation for potential applications in areas such as soft robotics, biomedical devices, and wearable electronics.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-6 from Double-Negative Feedback Loop between Reprogramming Factor LIN28 and microRNA <i>let-7</i> Regulates Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1–Positive Cancer Stem Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-6 from Double-Negative Feedback Loop between Reprogramming Factor LIN28 and microRNA &lt;i&gt;let-7&lt;/i&gt; Regulates Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1–Positive Cancer Stem Cells
Nebel und atmosphärische Effekte (2004)

Computergenerierte Bilder erscheinen oft deswegen unrealistisch, weil sie viel zu „sauber“sind. In unserer natürlichen Umgebung gibt es dagegen immer eine gewisse Luftverschmutzung durch kleine Staubpartikel oder Wassertröpfchen. Reflektiertes oder abgestrahltes Licht von Oberflächen wird daher auf seinem Weg durch die Luft an den kleinen Verunreinigungen gestreut oder ganz absorbiert. Diese Dämpfung der Lichtintensität führt zu einer Verblassung von weiter entfernten Objekten, die für die menschliche Wahrnehmung von räumlicher Tiefe ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel ist. Abhängig von einer als räumlich konstant angenommenen Partikelkonzentration in der Luft wird pro Längenstück dz, den das Licht zurücklegt, ein bestimmter Prozentsatz A der eingestrahlten Lichtintenstität I absorbiert. Folglich ist die Änderung der Lichtintensität dI/dz proportional zur Partikelkonzentration bzw. zum Absorptionskoeffizienten A und zur eingestrahlten Lichtintensität I, d.h. 11.1 $$\frac{{dI}}{{dz}} = - A \cdot I$$
Nanostructured Materials Produced by Mixing and Restacking of Delaminated Layered Double Hydroxides (2008)

Active restacking from mixtures of colloidal dispersions of delaminated layered double hydroxides (LDH) having different chemical compositions was investigated as a route for the formation of new nanostructured materials. Three nitrate-based layered double hydroxides (MgAl−NO3, MgGa−NO3, and CoAl−NO3) were delaminated in formamide. The colloidal dispersions were then mixed two-by-two and subsequently restacked into three new materials: MgAl−MgGa−CO3−res, MgAl−CoAl−CO3−res, and CoAl−MgGa−CO3−res. Various X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) techniques were combined with high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) to investigate the potential nanostructuring of the new materials. X-ray diffraction experiments showed that MgAl−MgGa−CO3−res is a two-phase mixture with one MgAl−CO3 based phase and one MgGa-CO3 based phase, whereas the powder patterns of MgAl−CoAl−CO3−res and CoAl−MgGa−CO3−res indicated that the samples are single phases. HAADF-STEM and EDXS studies showed that the nanosheets of the delaminated CoAl−NO3 and MgGa−NO3 were mixed down to the nanometer scale in the restacked CoAl−MgGa−CO3−res, supporting that the sample is a single phase. In situ high temperature XRPD experiments confirmed that CoAl−MgGa−CO3−res is not a simple mixture of two segregated CoAl−CO3 and MgGa−CO3 phases but a new nanostructured material with LDH-type structure consisting of two chemically different brucite-type layers. Furthermore, the in situ XRPD experiments showed that the thermal development of the restacked CoAl−MgGa−CO3−res and a coprecipitated and anion-exchanged MgCoAlGa−CO3 is different.
Characterization of cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase from cyclophosphamide resistant L1210 cells. (1988)

The cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozyme from cyclophosphamide (CPA) resistant L1210 cells (L1210/CPA) was purified to apparent homogeneity using ternary enzyme complex-dye ligand chromatography. The purified isozyme migrates as a single band at Mr 51,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and as a single charge species at isoelectric point = 5.8 in isoelectric focusing. Micromolar Km values were estimated with both propionaldehyde (Km = 5 microM) and 4-hydroxy cyclophosphamide (4-OH CPA) (Km = 4 microM) as substrates, indicating that this isozyme is capable of oxidizing the activated cyclophosphamide intermediate 4-hydroxy CPA/aldophosphamide to carboxyphosphamide. This isozyme is also potently inhibited by disulfiram (Ki = 6 microM) and 4-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde (Ki = 0.04 microM). Both of these inhibitors are capable of sensitizing L1210/CPA cells to activated CPA in clonogenic survival assays. Thus, the increased levels of only the cytosolic ALDH isoform in L1210/CPA cells appear to be the single phenotypic difference necessary for conferring resistance to CPA. Monospecific antibodies to the L1210/CPA isozyme have been used in Western blot analysis to detect nanogram levels of ALDH in cell and tissue extracts. These antibodies cross-react with the cytosolic isozyme in P388/CPA cells, mouse liver, mouse small intestine, and the 1C1C7 hepatoma cell line, whereas no ALDH is detected in sensitive L1210 or P388 cells. Also, these antibodies show little cross-reactivity with the mitochondrial isozyme from mouse liver or 1C1C7 cells. From immunological and inhibitor characterization, the soluble ALDH isozyme in L1210/CPA cells appears identical to the normal mouse tissue isozyme.
MPEG-4 support to multiuser virtual environments (2002)

The few existing virtual reality distributed systems integrated to multimedia suffer from technical limitations on the number of users supported and on the presentation quality of the scenes. These limitations are due, among other things, to the slow progress of the VRML language to deal with multimedia integration. Today, the MPEG-4 standard is one of the most attractive alternative technologies to the development of multiuser virtual environments integrated to multimedia. The paper evaluates the current status of multimedia integration to virtual environments in the WWW and proposes a tool called SVRT-MM (Shared Virtual Reality Tool Integrated with Multimedia) that extends an existing MPEG-4 player to support multiuser. The article intends to be a contribution to the ongoing developments of the MPEG-4 standard related to multiuser support in 3D environments.
VIII INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION (1944)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsClifford R. Bragdon**Professor of Education, Smith College. *Professor of Education, Smith College.