gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship between superimposed pressure and pleural pressure gradient in an experimental model of ARDS (2000)

The awareness of the diagnostic difficulty and the documented high mortality risk of perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) has led to the wide use of work up to rule out PMI after major noncardiac operations. This has caused stable postoperative patients to be kept in monitored hospital beds for extended periods of time and to be subjected to additional tests. We hypothesized that the mortality of PMI is high and, therefore, the wide use of postoperative work up to identify these patients is justifiable. We performed the following study to prove our hypothesis. All patients in the recovery room after major noncardiac operations who underwent work up to rule out PMI were identified and followed. The PMI work up included care in an electronically monitored unit, physical assessment, continuous ECG monitoring, and three 12lead electrocardiograms and cardiac enzymes obtained at six to eight hour intervals. Data collection included patient demographics; preoperative cardiac risk factors; incidence of intraoperative hypotension, hemorrhage and ECG changes; type of anesthesia and operative procedures and their durations; postoperative ECG and cardiac enzyme results; the incidence of PMI and patient outcome.
The vitelline layer of the sea urchin egg and its modification during fertilization. A freeze-fracture study using quick-freezing and deep-etching. (1980)

Eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus were quick-frozen, freeze fractured, and deep-etched to reveal the detailed structure of the vitelline layer (VL), an extracellular coat. The VL consisted of a network of fibers lying in sheet raised 20 nm off the plasma membrane and connected to it by a series of short processes. Sperm attached to the fibers of this sheet and upon fertilization the VL rose off the egg surface to form the fertilization envelope (FE). By 1 min postinsemination (p.i.), the FE had become augmented by a new set of smaller fibrils, and the original fibers of the VL appeared to be undergoing degradation. The FE exhibited casts of microvilli the VL had once covered. These were rounded at 1 min p.i., but by 2 min they had become angular and coated with an orderly array of repeating macromolecular units. In areas between casts, the coating process was slower; incomplete rows of units were seen at 5 min p.i. and complete rows at 10 min. Deep-etching of FE isolated from eggs by homogenization and differential centrifugation showed that both top and bottom surfaces were coated. The coat pattern was made up of 17.5-nm wide rows of parallelogram-like units that repeated every 12.2 nm along the row axis. Units in adjacent rows were in register to produce a secondary axis 76 degrees from the row axis. The results of this and previous studies suggest that the coating process plays a major role in "hardening" the FE to produce a tough barrier that protects the early embryo from chemical and mechanical injury.
The development and use of a high-precision downhole gravity meter (1966)

Abstract The vibrating string downhole gravity meter described has a precision of about .01 mgal in gravity measurement. With measurements of this precision, density of a 30-ft section in the subsurface can be determined with an accuracy of .02 g per cm 3 . These density measurements are useful in gravity interpretation, in computing acoustic impedance for use in seismology, and in estimating porosities of formations. Examples of density profiles measured in boreholes are given.
Advanced Drying System to Meet Radiolysis Criteria of Metallic Waste (2011)

High dose rate metal waste from core internals, such as BWR channel boxes or control rods are stored in spent fuel pool or site bunker pool. Waste form for final disposal of these high dose rate metal wastes should eliminate water to prevent hydrogen gas generation which can be caused by radiolysis of water. Toshiba’s newly developed drying system for high dose rate metal wastes enable very low content of water even if the waste have a powder layer. Toshiba will provide the total system to fabricate the waste form for high dose rate metal wastes. An operational condition to dry the B4C control rod which is the typical waste with powder layer was estimated based on experimental data.
Isolation and Characterisation of Degradation Impurities in the Cefazolin Sodium Drug Substance (2013)

Two unknown impurities were detected in the cefazolin sodium bulk drug substance using gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromategraphy (HPLC). These impurities were isolated by preparative HPLC and characterized by using spectroscopic techniques like LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, 1D, 2D NMR, and FT-IR. Based on the spectral data, the impurities have been characterized as N-(2,2-dihydroxyethyl)-2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)acetamide (Impurity-I) and 2-{carboxy[(1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino]methyl}-5-methylidene-5,6-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylic acid (Impurity-II). The structures of these impurities were also established unambiguously by co-injection into HPLC to confirm the retention time. To the best of our knowledge, these two impurities were not reported elsewhere.
Authentication and Interpretation of Weight Data Collected from Accountability Scales at Global Nuclear Fuels (2010)

Accountability scale data from the Global Nuclear Fuels (GNF) fuel fabrication facility in Wilmington, NC has been collected and analyzed as a part of the Cylinder Accountability and Tracking System (CATS) field trial in 2009. The purpose of the data collection was to demonstrate an authentication method for safeguards applications, and the use of load cell data in cylinder accountability. The scale data was acquired using a commercial off-the-shelf communication server with authentication and encryption capabilities. The authenticated weight data was then analyzed to determine facility operating activities. The data allowed for the determination of the number of full and empty cylinders weighed and the respective weights along with other operational activities. Data authentication concepts, practices and methods, the details of the GNF weight data authentication implementation and scale data interpretation results will be presented.
Characteristics of low-fat Cheddar cheese made with added Micrococcus or Pediococcus species. (1990)

Effet de l'addition de Micrococcus ou de Pediococcus au lait sur les caracteristiques du Cheddar allege: proteolyse au cours de l'affinage, formation de composes volatils et apparition de faux-gouts
Signal validation for nuclear power plants: Progress report No. 8, January--March 1989 (1989)

This report is a summary of the progress in the US Department of Energy sponsored project on Signal Validation for Nuclear Power Plants, for the period January--March, 1989. This is the last phase of the project with September 29, 1989 as the official ending date. A preliminary draft of a two-volume final report is scheduled for release in mid-September.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies of calcium-binding proteins (1991)

The secondary structures of calmodulin and parvalbumin are well established from X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies, which indicate that these proteins are predominantly alpha-helical in character. Recent infrared studies have nevertheless suggested that the helical structures present in these proteins in solution are not the standard alpha-helix but rather some kind of distorted helices [Trewhella, J., et al. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 1294]. The evidence for this was the unusually low amide I frequency for calmodulin and troponin C in 2H2O solution. The studies presented here, however, suggest that the helical structures in these proteins are not significantly distorted, for two reasons. First, distorted helical structures have weaker hydrogen bonds than the standard alpha-helix and would therefore be expected to absorb at a higher rather than a lower frequency. Second, distorted helical structures would absorb at an unusual frequency in H2O solutions which is not the case for the proteins studied here. The band frequency of these proteins is observed to occur at a frequency observed with other proteins known to contain predominantly alpha-helical structures. Quantitative analysis of the FT-IR spectra of calmodulin (67% alpha-helix) and parvalbumin (68% alpha-helix) in H2O in the presence of Ca2+ gives helical contents similar to those reported by X-ray studies. This raises the question as to why these proteins in H2O show a normal frequency for the presence of alpha-helical structures and an abnormal frequency in 2H2O. Addition of deuterated glycerol to the proteins in 2H2O solutions results in a significant shift of absorbance to higher frequency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development and Performance Test of a l00hp HTS Motor (2004)

This paper describes the development and fabrication of a high temperature superconducting motor which consists of HTS rotor and air-core stator. The machine was designed for the rated power of 100hp at 1800 rpm. The HTS field windings are composed of the double-pancake coils wound with AMSC's SUS-reinforced Bi-2223 tape conductor. These were assembled on the support structure and fixed by a bandage of glass-fiber composite. The cooling system is based on the heat transfer mechanism of the thermosyphon by using GM cryocooler as cooling source. The cold head is in contact with the condenser of a Ne-filled thermosyphon. The rotor assembly was tested independently at the stationary state and combined with stator. Characteristic parameters such as reactances, inductances, and time constants were determined to obtain a consistent overview of the machine operation properties. This motor has met all design parameters by demonstrating HTS field winding, cryogenic refrigeration systems and an air-core armature winding cooled with air. The HTS field winding could be cooled down below 30K. No-load test of open-circuit characteristics(OCC) and short-circuit characteristics(SCC) and load test with resistive load bank were conducted in generator mode. Maximum operating current of field winding at 30K was 120A. From OCC and SCC test results synchronous inductance and synchronous reactance were 2.4mH, 0.49pu, respectively. Efficiency of this HTS machine was 93.3% in full load(100hp) test. This paper will present design, construction, and basic experimental test results of the 100hp HTS machine.
Abstract 2618: Oncogenic mutant KRAS modulates CREB activation through MEK-ERK and AKT signaling in pancreatic cancer (2016)

Abstract Introduction: Cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element binding (CREB) overexpression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with poor outcome, however, the mechanism(s) driving CREB overexpression in PDAC are not fully understood. We investigated the association of CREB activation with oncogenic KRAS, MEK-ERK and AKT signaling pathways. Experimental procedure: Mouse lines derived from the Ptf1aCre/+; LSL-KrasG12D/+ (K518), Ptf1acre/+;LSL-KrasG12D/+;Tgfbr2flox/flox (PKT), LSL-KrasG12D/+;Pdx1Cre/+ (PanIN) and LSL-KrasG12D/+; Trp53R172H/+;Pdx1Cre/+ (PDA) mouse models of PDAC, human immortalized pancreatic ductal epithelial lines (HPDE6-E6E7 or H6c7, HPNE E6/E7 and HPNE E6/E7/KRAS) were immunoblotted for phospho-CREB (pCREB) and total CREB expression. KRAS mutant PDAC cell lines and CREB shRNA flank xenografts (PKT GEMM and nude mice) were treated with CREB (ICG-001), MEK (AZD6244) and AKT (MK-2206) inhibitors. The effects on downstream signaling targets were interrogated with cell cycle, apoptosis, survival and anchorage-independent growth analysis. Human CREB shRNA cells were treated with AZD6244 and MK-2206 to confirm the molecular mechanism of the CREB inhibition together with MEK and AKT. Results: The expression of pCREB was higher in cells with KRAS mutation. MEK inhibition resulted in activation of AKT, while combined inhibition of CREB and MEK prevented AKT reactivation. Treatment with the combination of MEK and CREB inhibitors significantly decreased tumorigenic potential and increased cell apoptosis. Combined MEK, AKT and CREB inhibition synergistically enhanced these effects further, more so in KRAS mutant cell lines. To explore the relationship of CREB, MEK and AKT signaling in vivo, PKT mice were treated with their respective inhibitors individually and in combination. Either CREB/MEK or CREB/AKT two drug combinations significantly extended the median survival compared with individual agents. Lysates from MEK and AKT inhibited tumors showed decreased phosphorylation of CREB, confirming that CREB is activated through both, MEK and AKT signaling in vivo. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that oncogenic KRAS activation enhances the expression of CREB through MEK and AKT signaling. CREB inhibition results in increased sensitivity to MEK and AKT targeted therapy in KRAS mutant PDACs. Citation Format: Jason Castellanos, Supriya Srinivasan, Kumar Honnenahally, Chanjuan Shi, Michael VanSaun, David Robbins, Nipun Merchant, Nagaraj Nagathihalli. Oncogenic mutant KRAS modulates CREB activation through MEK-ERK and AKT signaling in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2618.
Time-Lag Pattern of Short-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Changes in Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Asthmatic Children (2018)

Background/Aim: Short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been associated with asthma exacerbation and increases in exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a biomarker of airway inflammation, with time lags ranging from several hours to a few days. Very few studies have examined TRAP-FeNO associations on less than 24-hour timescale. Moreover, most of the previous studies have used central-site exposure data. We aimed to investigate the lag structure of changes in FeNO in response to black carbon (BC), a marker for diesel exhaust particulate matter exposure, at hourly resolution measured by personal monitors from 35 asthmatic children in seaport-adjacent communities in New Jersey.Methods: Thirty five children with mild-to-moderate physician-diagnosed asthma wore micro-aethalometers (AE51, Aethlabs) for around 30 days (1071 observations in total). FeNO was measured daily in late afternoon using a NIOX MINO. Linear-mixed effect model was applied to quantify the BC-FeNO association after adjusting for day-of-week, temperature, age and gender. The lag was stratified as every two hours within 24-hour before the time of FeNO measurement.Results: Based on data from the first 9 subjects, FeNO level was positively associated with 24-hour average BC exposure (0.69% [95%CI: -1.62%, 3.05%] per one &amp;#956;g/m3 increase in BC) in the adjusted model. However, we observed inverse associations between BC and FeNO within 24 hour prior to FeNO measurement, and the association was strongest at lag 14-16 hours (-5.5% [95%CI: -9.38%, -1.44%] per one &amp;#956;g/m3 increase in BC) The strength of negative associations increased from lag 4-6 hours to lag 16-18 hours, and then decreased and becoming positive, over lags 18-20, 20-22 and 22-24 hours.Conclusions: Given the known high spatial and temporal variation in exposure to TRAP, the preliminary results support the need for further study of time-lag patterns between exposure to TRAP and acute asthma outcomes.
The discovery of a rapidly metabolized polymeric tetraphosphate derivative of adenosine in perfused rat heart (1984)

The predicted presence in perfused rat hearts of a rapidly metabolized but hitherto unrecognized form of adenosine phosphate has been confirmed by specific radioactive labelling. The properties of the purified compound suggest that it is a heteropolymer of a small organic acid, phosphate and purine nucleoside in the proportions 1:4:1.
A case-study investigating the physicochemical characteristics that dictate the function of a liposomal adjuvant (2013)

A range of particulate delivery systems have been considered as vaccine adjuvants. Of these systems, liposomes offer a range of advantages including versatility and flexibility in design format and their ability to incorporate a range of immunomodulators and antigens. Here we briefly outline research, from within our laboratories, which focused on the systematic evaluation of cationic liposomes as vaccines adjuvants. Our aim was to identify physicochemical characteristics that correlate with vaccine efficacy, with particular consideration of the interlink between depot-forming action and immune responses. A variety of parameters were investigated and over a range of studies we have confirmed that cationic liposomes, based on dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide and trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate formed a depot at the injection site, which stimulates recruitment of antigen presenting cells to the injection site and promotes strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Physicochemical factors which promote a strong vaccine depot include the combination of a high cationic charge and electrostatic binding of the antigen to the liposome system and the use of lipids with high transition temperatures, which form rigid bilayer vesicles. Reduction in vesicle size of cationic vesicles did not promote enhanced drainage from the injection site. However, reducing the cationic nature through substitution of the cationic lipid for a neutral lipid, or by masking of the charge using PEGylation, resulted in a reduced depot formation and reduced Th1-type immune responses, while Th2-type responses were less influenced. These studies confirm that the physicochemical characteristics of particulate-based adjuvants play a key role in the modulation of immune responses.
Comparison of two prototypes of a magnetically adjustable glaucoma implant in rabbits (2019)

Glaucoma drainage devices are used in surgical glaucoma therapy. Success of controlling the intraocular pressure is limited due to fibrous implant encapsulation and fibrin coating on the implant which lead to drainage obstructions. An innovative implant with a magnetically adjustable valve was developed. The valve opening of the implant should eliminate inflammatory products from the outflow area and affect fibrous tissue formation to achieve a sufficient long-term aqueous humour outflow. Lifting of this valve should disturb cell adhesion by exerting mechanical forces. Before testing this hypothesis, the flow characteristics of glaucoma drainage devices, especially the outflow resistance by regular IOP, should be considered in a pilot study, as they are important in preventing too low postoperative intraocular pressure known as ocular hypotony. Therefore, two prototypes of the innovative implant differing in their valve area design were examined regarding their flow characteristics in a limited animal experiment lasting two weeks. Ten healthy New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two groups (A & B) with different implanted prototypes. Daily, tonometry and direct ophthalmoscopy were performed to assess the intraocular pressure and the inflammatory reaction of the eye. After two weeks, the rabbits were euthanised to evaluate the initially histological inflammatory reaction to the implant. In group A, one case of hypotony emerged. When considering the entire observation period, a highly statistically significant difference between the intraocular pressure in the operated eye and that in the control eye was detected in group A (p < 0.0001) in contrast to group B (p = 0.0063). The postoperative inflammatory signs decreased within two weeks. Histologically, a typical but low level foreign body reaction with macrophages and lymphocytes as well as mild to moderate fibrosis was seen after the short experimental period. Based on our tonometric results, prototype B seems to be the system of choice for further research assessing its long-term function and biocompatibility.
ArticulatedFusion: Real-time Reconstruction of Motion, Geometry and Segmentation Using a Single Depth Camera (2018)

This paper proposes a real-time dynamic scene reconstruction method capable of reproducing the motion, geometry, and segmentation simultaneously given live depth stream from a single RGB-D camera. Our approach fuses geometry frame by frame and uses a segmentation-enhanced node graph structure to drive the deformation of geometry in registration step. A two-level node motion optimization is proposed. The optimization space of node motions and the range of physically-plausible deformations are largely reduced by taking advantage of the articulated motion prior, which is solved by an efficient node graph segmentation method. Compared to previous fusion-based dynamic scene reconstruction methods, our experiments show robust and improved reconstruction results for tangential and occluded motions.
In vitro assays misrepresent in vivo lineage potentials of murine lymphoid progenitors (2010)

The identity of T-cell progenitors that seed the thymus has remained controversial, largely because many studies differ over whether these progenitors retain myeloid potential. Contradictory reports diverge in their use of various in vitro and in vivo assays. To consolidate these discordant findings, we compared the myeloid potential of 2 putative thymus seeding populations, common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) and multipotent progenitors (MPPs), and the earliest intrathymic progenitor (DN1), using 2 in vitro assays and in vivo readouts. These assays gave contradictory results: CLP and DN1 displayed surprisingly robust myeloid potential on OP9-DL1 in vitro stromal cocultures but displayed little myeloid potential in vivo, as well as in methylcellulose cultures. MPP, on the other hand, displayed robust myeloid potential in all settings. We conclude that stromal cocultures reveal cryptic, but nonphysiologic, myeloid potentials of lymphoid progenitors, providing an explanation for contradictory findings in the field and underscoring the importance of using in vivo assays for the determination of physiologic lineage potentials.
Sorption and Diffusion in Molecular Sieve Zeolites (1976)

Abstract Recent information concerning the kinetics and equilibria of sorption of various classes of molecule in four representative types of molecular sieve (4A/5A, 13X, natural erionite and H-chabazite) is reviewed. The general relationships between the crystal structure of the sieve, the molecular properties of the adsorbate (particularly the critical diameter and polar nature of the molecule) and the sorption/diffusion behaviour are emphasized.
Multivalent Dendrimers and their Differential Recognition of Short Single‐Stranded DNAs of Various Length and Sequence (2018)

Polycationic dendrimers were generated through simple and versatile reversible amine/aldehyde-imine chemistry. The inherent CD spectroscopic signal arising from the helical structures of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) undergoes a dramatic amplification in the presence of the synthesised polycationic dendrimers. Compared to the first-generation core molecule, the second-generation dendrimer shows high spectroscopic responses upon chiral recognition of short ssDNA, owing to the combination of self-assembly and multivalency effects. The maximum signal variation is reached at the molar ratio at which the ratio between the negative charges in ssDNA balance the positive charges of the dendrimers, thus the approach enables differential recognition of ssDNAs of different lengths. Altogether, these results accelerate the simple and systematic discovery of efficient adaptive molecules for biomimetic recognition of ssDNA with high accuracy.
Procalcitonin guidance for reduction of antibiotic use in patients hospitalized with severe acute exacerbations of asthma: a randomized controlled study with 12-month follow-up (2014)

Chinese Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR-TRC-12002534 (registered 26 September 2012).