gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon solar cells with front hetero-contact and aluminum alloy back junction (2008)

We prototype an alternative n-type monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell structure that utilizes an n/i-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) front hetero-contact and a back p-n junction formed by alloying aluminum (Al) with the n-type Si wafer. Such a structure combines a conventional high-throughput Al-Si alloying process with excellent front surface passivation provided by a-Si:H. A key process consideration is to preserve the clean c-Si front surface through the high-temperature alloying, so there will be effective a-Si:H passivation. From cell simulations, we estimate a front SRV of 10–50 cm/sec has been achieved in our process. The best prototype 1×1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cell with planar front surface and single anti-reflection (AR) coating layer has demonstrated a confirmed conversion efficiency of 13.5%, V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</inf> of 604.7 mV, and fill factor (FF) of 79.9%. Processes for further efficiency improvements are described.
Slowing molecules by optical microlinear deceleration (2002)

We study the creation of stationary cold molecules by rapid deceleration of supersonically cooled molecules in a high-intensity pulsed optical lattice. Using the heavy molecule ${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$ as an example we predict the evolution of the velocity distribution function of the ensemble during the deceleration period, and show that stationary cold molecules with temperatures below 1 K and densities of approximately ${10}^{12}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ can be produced over length scales of hundreds of micrometers on submicrosecond time scales.
Oxidative stress in childhood meningitis: measurement of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (2000)

To examine the involvement of reactive oxygen species, we measured the concentration of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative stress, in cerebrospinal fluid samples from 63 children with and without meningitis. We observed that the mean concentration of 8-OHdG in samples obtained during the early phase of bacterial meningitis, but not aseptic meningitis, was significantly higher than that in control samples. Clinical and laboratory improvement was associated with a fall in the 8-OHdG concentration in the patients with bacterial meningitis. Our findings suggest the presence of enhanced oxidative stress in the central nervous system of children with bacterial meningitis.
TYPE STUDY ON THE CORDYCEPS SINENSIS (1996)

While study on the type specimens of Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc., the Caterpillar fungus, it kept in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew (K). M. J. Berkeley (1843) who was formally described and illustrated the fungus as Sphaeria sinensis Berk., thereafter, the species was transferred by P. A. Saccardo to the genus Cordyceps (Fr.) Link, as Cordycepe sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. (1878) still now. The holotype material with a few wormholes left in ascocarps that damaged by worms, the specimens ascomata superficial, glabrous or punctate with the ostioles of the perithecia. Perithecia globoid or vase-shaped, 150￣ 380 (550) × 1 10￣ 240 μm. The cortex usually with consisting of one layer of closely interwoven hyphae, pseudoparenchymatous 80￣170 μm thick. Asci cylindric, narrowing below, 160￣ 240 (400) × 5.2￣ 6.5 (12) μm with a hemispherical thickening of the wall at the apex, the asci of type specimens are not fully mature and hence are thinner, the ascospores hyaline, linear, filamentous 120￣190 × 0.6￣ 1.3 μm (Bai Shu La Ling, HKAS 29365). We wish to express our thanks to Dr. D. N. Pegler and Dr. Y. -J. Yao (Mycology Section, The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond) for making the type material from Kew (K) available on loan.
Adaptive optics correction into single mode fiber for a low Earth orbiting space to ground optical communication link using the OPALS downlink (2015)

An adaptive optics (AO) testbed was integrated to the Optical PAyload for Lasercomm Science (OPALS) ground station telescope at the Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory (OCTL) as part of the free space laser communications experiment with the flight system on board the International Space Station (ISS). Atmospheric turbulence induced aberrations on the optical downlink were adaptively corrected during an overflight of the ISS so that the transmitted laser signal could be efficiently coupled into a single mode fiber continuously. A stable output Strehl ratio of around 0.6 was demonstrated along with the recovery of a 50 Mbps encoded high definition (HD) video transmission from the ISS at the output of the single mode fiber. This proof of concept demonstration validates multi-Gbps optical downlinks from fast slewing low-Earth orbiting (LEO) spacecraft to ground assets in a manner that potentially allows seamless space to ground connectivity for future high data-rates network.
TNFR2 costimulation differentially impacts regulatory and conventional CD4 + T-cell metabolism (2022)

Abstract CD4 + conventional T cells (Tconvs) mediate adaptive immune responses, whereas regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress those responses to safeguard the body from autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases. The opposing activities of Tconvs and Tregs depend on the stage of the immune response and their environment, with an orchestrating role for cytokine- and costimulatory receptors. Nutrient availability also impacts T-cell functionality via metabolic and biosynthetic processes that are largely unexplored. Many data argue that costimulation by Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (TNFR2) favors support of Treg over Tconv responses and therefore TNFR2 is a key clinical target. Here, we review the pertinent literature on this topic and highlight the newly identified role of TNFR2 as a metabolic regulator for thymus-derived (t)Tregs. We present novel transcriptomic and metabolomic data that show the differential impact of TNFR2 on Tconv and tTreg gene expression and reveal distinct metabolic impact on both cell types.
Management applications for thermal IR imagery of lake processes (1971)

A thermal infrared scanning program was conducted in the Lake Ontario Basin region in an effort to determine: (1) limonologic data that could be collected by remote sensing techniques, and (2) local interest in and routine use of such data in water management programs. Difficulties encountered in the development of an infrared survey program in New York suggest that some of the major obstacles to acceptance of remotely sensed data for routine use are factors of psychology rather than technology. Also, terminology used should suit the measurement technique in order to encourage acceptance of the surface thermal data obtained.
Novel Ca2+-binding S100 Proteins, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Tenascin in Chondro-osseous Tumors. (1997)

The expression of Novel Ca2+-binding pro teins S100A1, S100A2, S100A4, S100A6 and S100B; an intermediate filament protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); and an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, tenascin were evaluated in chondro-osseous tumors. The tumor specimens obtained from surgery and routinely processed for paraffin embedding were evaluated. The tumors were histologically diagnosed as chondroma (n=2), osteoma (n=2), chondrosarcoma (n=3), osteosarcoma (n=6) and Ewing's sarcoma (n=2). Chondrocytes or chondrometaplastic cells in both benign and malignant tumors as well as undifferentiated round, spindle and elongated cells in chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma showed an intense immunoreactivity for S100B and occasionally for S100A6, S100A1 and S100A4 but not for S100A2. The intensity of immunostaining for osteosarcoma was less intense than that for chondrosarcoma. S100B reactive cells were also reactive for GFAP, although the intensity of staining was less intense for GFAP. Reaction products for tenascin was seen in the matrix of neoplastic cartilage in chondroma and chondrosarcoma, and uncalcified osseous matrix in osteoma and osteosar coma, and the immunoreactive areas of tenascin usually coincided with intensely reactive cells for S100B in neoplastic chondroid tissue. The results reasonably allowed to conclude that S100B may be a potential marker for the identification of chondroid cells in neoplastic lesions and the S100B containing cells may express GFAP and may be associated with an enhanced expression of tenascin in the tumor matrix, the functional significance of which is under investigation.
A Simple Method for Automatic Tuning of PID-Controllers based on Process Parameter Estimation (1985)

Microprocessor-based tuning aids and self-tuning-methods for conventional PID-controllers are an important subject to industrial users. Some of the existing techniques use simple pattern-recognition, some use expensive optimization procedures. This paper describes a simple self-tuning-procedure for PI- and PID-controllers, which is based on discrete parameter estimation and application of slightly modified Ziegler-Nichols tuning-rules. Controller tuning has been simplified to the choice of the desired over-shoot of the PID-controlled closed loop system. The method is easy to implement in microprocessors and allows quick online-tuning of PID-controllers. Simulation results and a comparison with controllers tuned by an optimization procedure are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Protecting‐Group‐Free Total Synthesis of (—)‐Rhazinilam (VII) and (—)‐Rhazinicine (VIII) Using a Gold‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization. (2013)

Abstract For the first time the asymmetric total synthesis of the title compound (VII) is presented.
Reply to Gleicher and Barad: Noninvasive preimplantation genetic testing may provide the solution to the problem of embryo mosaicism (2019)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
[Binding of insulin analogs to partially purified insulin receptor from rat liver membrane (author's transl)]. (1976)

The insulin binding fraction was solubilized from rat liver membrane vesicles by triton and partially purified up to the specific binding activity of 2.1 pmol/mg. A further characteristic of the partially purified soluble receptor is a decrease in irreversible binding to 0.36% (+/- 0.28) with regard to total iodine insulin and to (+/- 1.8) in comparison to reversible binding. From Scatchard plots a high affinity binding site (KD = 5 X 10(-10)M) with low capacity (5 pmol/mg) and a low affinity binding site (KD = 3 X 10(-8) M) with high capacity (30 pmol/mg) can be seen. With carefully prepared liver membrane vesicles, the dissociation constant of the high affinity binding site from Scatchard plot is only 2 X 10(-9)M. With liver membrane vesicles, isolated for preparative purification procedure, the high affinity binding site could not be demonstrated. Displacement studies with insulin analogs were performed with [A1-D-alanine] insulin, [A1-L-alanine] insulin, [des-Gly-A1, NB1, NB29-(Msc)2]-insulin, proinsulin and [desoctapeptid B23-B30]-insulin. Results of binding measurements are presented in half-maximal iodo-insulin binding, in determination of inhibitor- and dissociation constants from Dixon-, Scatchard- and Lineweaver-Burk plots. There are equal relative binding potencies of analogs, observed with crude membrane vesicles and partially purified soluble receptor, although there is a 50-fold difference in specific binding activity. Biologically active insulins are characterized by strong binding to the high affinity binding site. The binding to the low affinity binding site is not correlated to the biological activity of the insulin analog. With insulin and biologically responsive analogs a non-linear curve in the double-reciprocal Lineweaver-Burk plot can be observed. Analogs with low biological activity show a linear dependency. Functional interactions of insulin with the receptor can be demonstrated in a high affinity binding with the first binding site of the Scatchard plot and in a non-linear hyperbolic Lineweaver-Burk plot.
Synthesis of Cobalt/Polymer Multilayer Nanotubes (2005)

Cobalt/polymer multilayer nanotubes (see Figure) are formed by wetting of alumina and silicon membranes by polystyrene containing a metallo–organic precursor, followed by a thermal decomposition process. This article describes the fabrication and magnetic properties of high quality, thin‐walled ferromagnetic nanotubes. They might be very attractive for a broad range of potential applications ranging from biotechnology to magnetic storage devices.
Machine Learning-Assisted Beam Alignment for mmWave Systems (2019)

Beam alignment is a challenging and time-consuming process for millimeter wave (mmWave) initial access (IA). We propose a beam training method that is assisted by machine learning (ML), where we train ML models to predict the optimal Access Point (AP) and optimal beam for a user equipment (UE) given its Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates. After a (possibly offline) training phase during which exhaustive or hierarchical beam training is performed, our beam training method predicts a few candidate APs and beams knowing only the location of the UE. We train the models and evaluate the performance with realistic mmWave beamforming (BF) data generated from state-of-the- art ray tracing software. We show that even with dynamic scatterers and imperfect knowledge of the UE locations, our beam training method can reliably find the optimal AP and the optimal beam for a UE while reducing the search time by 4x for AP selection and over 10x for beam selection.
Disaccarides for drug discovery (2003)

Methods are described for the preparation of combinatorial libraries of potentially biologically active disaccharide compounds. These compounds are variously functionalized, with a view to varying lipid solubility size, function and other properties, with the particular aim of discovering novel drug or drug-like compounds, or compounds with useful properties. The invention provides intermediates, processes and synthetic strategies for the solution or solid phase synthesis of disaccharides, variously functionalised about the sugar ring, including the addition of aromaticity and charge, and the placement of pharmaceutically useful groups and isosteres.
<title>Low-range process turbidity sensor</title> (2000)

This paper deals with the principle and means of measuring turbidity, analyzes the structure of sensor and circuitry design.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Green Wireless Access Virtualization Implementation: Cost vs. QoS Trade-offs (2014)

Wireless access virtualization is considered to be a major enabling concept of future 5G networks. It fosters network innovation, rapid time to market for emerging networking concepts and enables cohabitation of different virtual networks with customized network protocols on the same physical infrastructure. It can also alleviate the ossification problem of radio spectrum that has been a major concern for telecommunication operators. Virtualization is also a key enabler for green communications as it not only reduces energy consumption by ensuring efficient use of hardware resources through resource sharing but also facilitates use of renewable energy sources for the communications infrastructure. This paper presents two different types of frameworks to classify wireless network virtualization design alternatives. The benefits of virtual wireless networks are very often expected from a cost perspective. Yet provisioning of stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements calls for a thorough analysis especially from PHY & MAC layers perspectives. A method for selecting the most efficient network architecture has been proposed that takes into account both network operators' (and/or service providers') cost and QoS constraints. The analytical model considers both the capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) for cost analysis, while the achievable data rate in different virtual frameworks has been considered for QoS modelling.
Electrochemical Fabrication of Pd–Au Heterogeneous Nanocontact Showing Stable Conductance Quantization under Applying High Bias Voltage (2005)

Abstract A novel nanostructure, heterogeneous Pd–Au nanocontact showing conductance quantization, was fabricated via selective electrochemical deposition of Pd at a gap of two sustainable thin Au wires in solution. The stability of Pd monatomic contact increased when the potential of the electrode was kept at negative potential. Contribution of the adsorbed hydrogen on Pd–Au contact was considered as the origin of the improved stability.
Antimicrobial Peptides in Reptiles (2014)

Reptiles are among the oldest known amniotes and are highly diverse in their morphology and ecological niches. These animals have an evolutionarily ancient innate-immune system that is of great interest to scientists trying to identify new and useful antimicrobial peptides. Significant work in the last decade in the fields of biochemistry, proteomics and genomics has begun to reveal the complexity of reptilian antimicrobial peptides. Here, the current knowledge about antimicrobial peptides in reptiles is reviewed, with specific examples in each of the four orders: Testudines (turtles and tortosises), Sphenodontia (tuataras), Squamata (snakes and lizards), and Crocodilia (crocodilans). Examples are presented of the major classes of antimicrobial peptides expressed by reptiles including defensins, cathelicidins, liver-expressed peptides (hepcidin and LEAP-2), lysozyme, crotamine, and others. Some of these peptides have been identified and tested for their antibacterial or antiviral activity; others are only predicted as possible genes from genomic sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis of the reptile genomes is presented, revealing many predicted candidate antimicrobial peptides genes across this diverse class. The study of how these ancient creatures use antimicrobial peptides within their innate immune systems may reveal new understandings of our mammalian innate immune system and may also provide new and powerful antimicrobial peptides as scaffolds for potential therapeutic development.
Horizontal Mattress With a Knotless Anchor to Better Recreate the Normal Superior Labrum Anatomy (2008)

Arthroscopic repair of type II superior labral tears using suture anchors has resulted in a good to excellent outcome in most cases. In throwing athletes, however, the results have not been as consistent. Although it has not been reported in the literature, it is also possible that, in a very small number of throwers, the limited space in the glenohumeral joint combined with the bulky knots used to secure the labrum to the anchor may be a cause of discomfort. In addition, the superior labrum is meniscoid in appearance, which traditional SLAP repair techniques do not recreate. We describe here a novel technique using a knotless anchor to repair the superior labrum, thereby eliminating the potential for knot-related complications. More importantly, this horizontal mattress-knotless anchor technique better recreates the normal meniscoid appearance of the superior labrum.
Optimizing file systems for fast storage devices (2015)

Emerging high-performance storage devices have attractive features such as low latency and high throughput. This leads to a rapid increase in the demand for fast storage devices in cloud platforms, social network services, etc. However, there are few block-based file systems that are capable of utilizing superior characteristics of fast storage devices. In this paper, we find that the I/O strategy of modern operating systems prevents file systems from exploiting fast storage devices. To address this problem, we propose several optimization techniques for block-based file systems. Then, we apply our techniques to two well-known file systems and evaluate them with multiple benchmarks. The experimental results show that our optimized file systems achieve 32% on average and up to 54% better performance than existing file systems.
Comparison among three different bleeding scores and the thrombin generation assay to assess the different hemorrhagic phenotypes in patients with FVII deficiency (2022)

Defining the bleeding risk in patients with FVII-deficiency is not easy. Aim of this study is to define correlation and differences between three different scores and the thrombin generation assay (TGA) in correctly evaluating the hemorrhagic phenotype in a group of FVII-deficient patients. Fifty-seven patients patients with FVII-deficiency whose hemorrhagic phenotype was assessed by Mariani, ISTH/SSC- Bleeding Assessment Tool (BAT) and Di Minno scores, and by the TGA, were enrolled in this study. TGA parameters (LagTime, Peak, ttPeak, ETP - endogenous thrombin potential) highlighted how both LagTime and ttPeak can discriminate major bleeders from the others, while the same conclusion could not be reached by the ETP and Peak. However, no TGA parameter was found to be useful in separating the mild hemorrhagic phenotype from the moderate one. Scores and TGA were found to be able to only define the severe hemorrhagic phenotypes. None of the methods was able to exactly discriminate the other phenotypes. Given these results, there is therefore a risk of either underestimating or overestimating the potential bleeding risk in patients with non-severe FVII-deficiency.
Hydrogenation of Polystyrene in CO2-Expanded Solvents:  Catalyst Poisoning (2005)

Organic solvents expanded with supercritical carbon dioxide can be excellent media for hydrogenation reactions. However, catalyst poisoning by CO formed via the reverse water-gas-shift reaction occurs during many hydrogenations in the presence of CO2. In this research, the hydrogenation of polystyrene in CO2-expanded decahydronaphthalene was studied in a batch reactor using two hydrogenation catalysts, 5%Pd/BaSO4 and 65%Ni/Al2O3/SiO2. The 5%Pd/BaSO4 catalyst deactivated at 150 °C and CO2 pressures of 250−2250 psig (1.8−15.6 MPa). Approximately 50 ppm CO was present in the CO2-rich light phase after about 10 h at 150 °C, 750 psig H2 pressure, and 2250 psig CO2 pressure. A model that incorporates CO poisoning was developed to describe deactivation of the Pd/BaSO4 catalyst. The 65%Ni/Al2O3/SiO2 catalyst was more active for ring hydrogenation than 5%Pd/BaSO4, and very little CO was formed in the presence of CO2. The Ni catalyst deactivated in the presence of CO2 at 180 °C, possibly due to H2O formed in a methanation reaction.
Linear Mixture Analysis: A Mathematical Approach to Resolving Mixed DNA Samples (2001)

With the advent of PCR-based STR typing systems, mixed samples can be separated into their individual DNA profiles. Quantitative peak information can help in this analysis. However, despite such advances, forensic mixture analysis still remains a laborious art, with the high cost and effort often precluding timely reporting. We introduce here a new automated approach to resolving forensic DNA mixtures. Our linear mixture analysis (LMA) is a straightforward mathematical approach that can integrate all the quantitative PCR data into a single rapid computation. LMA has application to diverse mixture problems. As demonstrated here on laboratory STR data, LMA can assess the quality and utility of its solutions. Such rapid and robust methods for computer-based analysis of DNA mixtures may help in reducing crime.