gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lovastatin interferes with the infarct size-limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning in rat hearts (2008)

Statins have been shown to be cardioprotective; however, their interaction with endogenous cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning is not known. In the present study, we examined if acute and chronic administration of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin affected the infarct size-limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning in rat hearts. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following three groups: 1) vehicle (1% methylcellulose per os for 12 days), 2) chronic lovastatin (15 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) per os for 12 days), and 3) acute lovastatin (1% methylcellulose per os for 12 days and 50 micromol/l lovastatin in the perfusate). Hearts isolated from the three groups were either subjected to a nonconditioning (aerobic perfusion followed by 30-min coronary occlusion and 120-min reperfusion, i.e., test ischemia-reperfusion), preconditioning (three intermittent periods of 5-min ischemia-reperfusion cycles before test ischemia-reperfusion), or postconditioning (six cycles of 10-s ischemia-reperfusion after test ischemia) perfusion protocol. Preconditioning and postconditioning significantly decreased infarct size in vehicle-treated hearts. However, preconditioning failed to decrease infarct size in acute lovastatin-treated hearts, but the effect of postconditioning remained unchanged. Chronic lovastatin treatment abolished postconditioning but not preconditioning; however, it decreased infarct size in the nonconditioned group. Myocardial levels of coenzyme Q9 were decreased in both acute and chronic lovastatin-treated rats. Western blot analysis revealed that both acute and chronic lovastatin treatment attenuated the phoshorylation of Akt; however, acute but not chronic lovastatin treatment increased the phosphorylation of p42 MAPK/ERK. We conclude that, although lovastatin may lead to cardioprotection, it interferes with the mechanisms of cardiac adaptation to ischemic stress.
Floor acquisition multiple access (FAMA) for packet-radio networks (1995)

A family of medium access control protocols for single-channel packet radio networks is specified and analyzed. These protocols are based on a new channel access discipline called floor acquisition multiple access (FAMA), which consists of both carrier sensing and a collision-avoidance dialogue between a source and the intended receiver of a packet. Control of the channel (the floor) is assigned to at most one station in the network at any given time, and this station is guaranteed to be able to transmit one or more data packets to different destinations with no collision with transmissions from other stations. The minimum length needed in control packets to acquire the floor is specified as a function of the channel propagation time. The medium access collision avoidance (MACA) protocol proposed by Karn and variants of CSMA based on collision avoidance are shown to be variants of FAMA protocols when control packets last long enough compared to the channel propagation delay. The throughput of FAMA protocols is analyzed and compared with the throughput of non-persistent CSMA. This analysis shows that using carrier sensing as an integral part of the floor acquisition strategy provides the benefits of MACA in the presence of hidden terminals, and can provide a throughput comparable to, or better than, that of non-persistent CSMA when no hidden terminals exist.
Transition-Metal Derivatives of a Functionalized Cyclopentadienyl Ligand. 15. Synthesis and Structures of Amino Cyclopentadienyl Derivatives of Rhodium(I) and Rhodium(III) Including Water-Soluble Compounds (1997)

The synthesis of monometallic rhodium(III) and rhodium(I) derivatives of dialkylamino-functionalized cyclopentadienyl using the corresponding cyclopentadiene as starting material is facilitated by the presence of the basic amino group. This procedure affords the chloro salts of the substituted rhodicinium cation [(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(2)NMe(2)H)(2)Rh(III)](3+) ([1][Cl](3)) from the reaction of the [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]cyclopentadiene with Na(3)Rh(III)Cl(6). 12H(2)O. Similarly the cationic half-sandwich complexes [(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(n)()NMe(2)H)Rh(I)(cod)](+) (n = 2, [2][Cl], n = 3, [5][Cl]) are obtained from the reaction of the corresponding dialkylamino cyclopentadiene with [RhCl(cod)](2). These types of cationic complexes, 1, 2, and 5, bear pendant ammonium groups. The most classical procedure, starting from the lithium or more efficiently from the sodium cyclopentadienide salt, was used to synthesize neutral complexes [(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(n)()NMe(2))Rh(I)(cod)] (n = 2, 3; n = 3, 4). The structure of the chloride bis(hexafluorophosphate) salt, [(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(2)NMe(2)H)(2)Rh(III)](3+)(Cl(-))(PF(6)(-))(2), ([1][Cl][PF(6)](2)) was solved in the triclinic space group P&onemacr; with one molecule in the unit cell, the dimensions of which are a = 6.617(2) Å, b= 7.436(2) Å, c = 13.965(3) Å, alpha = 76.39(2) degrees, beta = 82.31(3) degrees, gamma = 87.26(2) degrees, and V = 661.8(3) Å(3). The noncentrosymmetric character of this solid is attributed to the chloride ion. The tetrafluoroborate salt [(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(2)NMe(2)H)Rh(I)(cod)](+)(BF(4)(-)) ([2][BF(4)]) crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4(2)/n with eight molecules in the unit cell, the dimensions of which are a= 21.183(2) Å, b = 21.179(3) Å, c= 8.324(2) Å, and V = 3734(1) Å(3). Least squares refinement leads to values for the conventional R index of [1][Cl][PF(6)](2) (0.0484 for 2191 reflections used) and of [2][BF(4)] (0.0525 for 1083 reflections used); in both cases I > 3sigma(I). As expected, compounds like [2][Cl](3,) [1][Cl][PF(6)](2), [2][Cl], [2][BF(4)], [5][Cl], and [5][BF(4)] are soluble in water.
Alendronate Inhibits Intraperitoneal Dissemination in In vivo Ovarian Cancer Model (2005)

Ovarian cancer is characterized by diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis and often by large volumes of ascites. We previously reported that alendronate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, inhibited ovarian cancer cell migration by attenuating the activation of Rho through inhibiting the mevalonate pathway. However, questions remain about the ability of alendronate to inhibit the invasiveness of cancer cells to the adherent tissues and the growth of disseminated ovarian cancer in vivo. We established an in vivo ovarian cancer model with i.p. carcinomatosis in athymic immunodeficient mice. In the prevention model, in which alendronate administration started from the day after tumor inoculation, alendronate prevented the stromal invasion, reduced the tumor burden, and inhibited ascites accumulation. Histologic observation revealed that alendronate treatment decreased the stromal invasion of the i.p. tumor while inhibiting the metalloproteinase-2 activity in ascites. This antitumor effect might result from the inhibition of cancer cell migration and proteolytic activity. In the treatment model, in which alendronate was given from 10 days after tumor inoculation when macroscopic tumors are already implanted in the peritoneum, the antitumor effect was weaker but still significant. Furthermore, alendronate administration decreased the serum CA-125 levels of mice bearing disseminated ovarian cancer compared with those of nontreated mice. The potent effects of alendronate in reducing stromal invasion, tumor burden, and ascites suggest that it will be of value in regimens for treatment of women with ovarian cancer.
Morphometrics as a predictor of perioperative morbidity after lumbar spine surgery (2015)

OBJECT Improved objective assessments of perioperative risk after spine surgery are necessary to decrease postoperative morbidity and mortality rates. Morphometric analysis has proven utility in predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality in surgical disciplines. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether morphometrics can be applied to the cases of patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective review of the perioperative course of 395 patients who underwent lumbar surgery at their institution from 2013 to 2014. Preoperative risk factors such as age, diabetes, smoking, coronary artery disease, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Preoperative MRI was used to measure the psoas muscle area at the L-4 vertebra and paraspinal muscle area at the T-12 vertebra. Primary outcomes included unplanned return to the operating room, 30- and 90-day readmissions, surgical site infection, wound dehiscence, new neurological deficit, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, urinary tract infection, urinary retention, hospital-acquired pneumonia, stroke, and prolonged stay in the intensive care unit. RESULTS The overall rate of adverse events was 30%, the most common event being urinary retention (12%). Greater age (p = 0.015) and tobacco usage (p = 0.026) were both significantly associated with complications for all patients, while diabetes, coronary artery disease, and high BMI were not. No surgery-related characteristics were associated with postoperative morbidity, including whether surgery required instrumentation, whether it was a revision, or the number of vertebral levels treated. Using multivariate regression analysis, male and female patients with the lowest psoas tertile had an OR of 1.70 (95% CI 1.04-2.79, p = 0.035) for having postoperative complications. Male patients in the lowest psoas tertile had an OR of 2.42 (95% CI 1.17-5.01, p = 0.016) for having a postoperative complication. The paraspinal muscle groups did not provide any significant data for postoperative morbidity, even after multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS The morphometric measurement of psoas muscle size may be a sensitive predictive tool compared with other risk factors for perioperative morbidity in male patients undergoing lumbar surgery.
Further evidence for a crucial role of resident endoneurial macrophages in peripheral nerve disorders: Lessons from acrylamide‐induced neuropathy (2008)

Endoneurial macrophages are crucially involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathies. Historically, the macrophage response in neuropathies is believed to be of hematogenous origin. However, recent studies could demonstrate an intrinsic generation of the early macrophage response by resident endoneurial macrophages after traumatic nerve injury and in a model of hereditary neuropathy. We hypothesized that the local macrophage response might suffice to generate an appropriate macrophage response in mild neuropathies, supplemented by infiltrating macrophages only in severe nerve pathology. To clarify this assumption, we investigated the macrophage response in acrylamide-induced neuropathy as a model of a slowly progressive neuropathy with a defined onset. We induced the neuropathy in bone marrow chimeric mice carrying green fluorescent protein transgenic bone marrow, allowing the differentiation of resident (GFP(-)) and invading hematogenous endoneurial (GFP(+)) macrophages. Quantification of GFP(-) and GFP(+) endoneurial macrophages in the sciatic nerve revealed an increase only of resident macrophages in proximal parts, whereas in distal parts a minor additional influx of hematogenous macrophages was observed. The immunohistochemical profile of GFP(-) and GFP(+) macrophages was similar but distal GFP(-) macrophages were differentially activated than their GFP(+) counterparts. Characterization of CCR2-deficient mice revealed a function for this chemokine system in attracting hematogenous macrophages but not in generating the intrinsic macrophage response. In conclusion, we provide evidence for a role of resident macrophages in acrylamide-induced neuropathy. Resident endoneurial macrophages intrinsically generate the macrophage response in this slowly progressive neuropathy, which only becomes supplemented by hematogenous macrophages in distal areas of more pronounced damage.
Game Theory for Applied Economists (1992)

This book introduces one of the most powerful tools of modern economics to a wide audience: those who will later construct or consume game-theoretic models. Robert Gibbons addresses scholars in applied fields within economics who want a serious and thorough discussion of game theory but who may have found other works overly abstract. Gibbons emphasizes the economic applications of the theory at least as much as the pure theory itself; formal arguments about abstract games play a minor role. The applications illustrate the process of model building--of translating an informal description of a multi-person decision situation into a formal game-theoretic problem to be analyzed. Also, the variety of applications shows that similar issues arise in different areas of economics, and that the same game-theoretic tools can be applied in each setting. In order to emphasize the broad potential scope of the theory, conventional applications from industrial organization have been largely replaced by applications from labor, macro, and other applied fields in economics. The book covers four classes of games, and four corresponding notions of equilibrium: static games of complete information and Nash equilibrium, dynamic games of complete information and subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium, static games of incomplete information and Bayesian Nash equilibrium, and dynamic games of incomplete information and perfect Bayesian equilibrium.
Blue organic light‐emitting diodes based on fluorene‐bridged quinazoline and quinoxaline derivatives (2017)

Two blue emitters based on fluorene-bridged quinazoline and quinoxaline derivatives were prepared via the Suzuki reaction. Their photoluminescent properties were investigated. Furthermore, theoretical studies on these materials using the density functional theory calculation were conducted. To explore their electroluminescent properties, multilayered organic light-emitting diodes were fabricated with the following device structure: indium-tin-oxide (180 nm)/4,4'-bis(N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino)biphenyl (50 nm)/blue emitting materials (1 and 2) (30 nm)/bathophenanthroline (35 nm)/8-hydroxy-quinolinato lithium (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). Two devices showed efficient blue emission with the external quantum efficiencies of 1.58% and 1.30%, respectively, at 20 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> , and Commission Internationale dÉclairage coordinates of (0.18, 0.24) and (0.19, 0.27) at 6.0 V. These results suggest that the self-aggregation properties of emitters would have considerable effects on their photoluminescent and electroluminescent properties.
Protective Potential of an Autogenous Vaccine in an Aerogenous Model of Escherichia coli Infection in Broiler Breeders (2021)

A protective effect of an autogenous vaccine was found utilising an aerogenous model of colibacillosis through multiple methods of evaluation. The findings encourage the continued use of autogenous vaccines and underlines the necessity of discriminative experimental models with high predictive validity when evaluating vaccine interventions.
Performance analysis and a proposed improvement for the IEEE 802.15.4 contention access period (2006)

IEEE 802.15.4-2003 (2003) was introduced to address the market need for connecting low-rate devices in a wireless personal area network (WPAN). A slotted CSMA/CA medium access control (MAC) protocol is defined in the standard to coordinate the channel access of a large number of wireless devices. In this paper, we propose a novel Markov chain for IEEE 802.15.4 MAC, which faithfully captures all the essential features of the protocol, and thus can provide valuable insight into the strengths and weaknesses of this multiple access scheme. The evaluation reveals that the double carrier sensing mechanism specified in 802.15.4 MAC is not an optimal design, and a slight modification in the protocol can result in further performance improvement in terms of throughput, delay and energy efficiency
A Study on Link Adaptation Scheme with Multiple Code Words for Spectral Efficiency Improvement on OFDM-MIMO Systems (2007)

In this paper, we propose the stream multiplexing scheme to achieve the high spectral efficiency on OFDM-MIMO system considering (a) the effects of the inter-stream interference suppression techniques, (b) the influence of the quality measurement in the receiver to select the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and (c) the influence of the signaling overheads to the spectral efficiency. Two kinds of schemes for stream multiplexing, namely Multiple CodeWord (MCW) and Single CodeWord (SCW) are investigated and compared. In the simulations, we assume real channel estimation for SINR measurement for MCS selection and we compare the schemes with the spectral efficiency taking into account overheads. In consequence, it is presented that MCW can achieve the higher efficiency than SCW in the middle to high SINR region. Moreover, in 4 × 4 antenna configuration, a 2CW-MCW scheme where 2 codewords mapped onto 4 streams according to SINR of each streams is proposed. The scheme gives higher throughput by improving the MCS selection in the low SINR region due to increase of data length per a codeword and by reducing the signaling overhead due to the decrease of the number of codewords. As a result, the proposed scheme achieves spectral efficiency improvement in whole SINR region.
PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD CONVERSION OF MIXED-USE FREEWAY LANES TO HIGH-OCCUPANCY-VEHICLE LANES (1994)

Increasing public concerns over air quality and traffic congestion call for a reevaluation of the idea of converting an existing mixed-use freeway lane into a high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) lane. A study was undertaken of freeway HOV lane perceptions that included an extensive literature review, focus groups, and survey of over 1,000 California residents. The telephone survey, conducted in May 1993, provided a quantitative assessment of public opinion toward HOV lanes and their conversion. The majority of respondents in the survey agreed that carpool lanes are a strong incentive to get people to carpool and that carpool lanes are fair to nonusers and those who cannot carpool. When given a choice of three HOV alternatives for a for a freeway that they use, shoulder rebuilding garnered support from 40% of the respondents, whereas building a new lane and lane conversion received 30% support. Respondents also expressed a strong preference for HOV lane conversion compared with more restrictive traffic management policies, such as road pricing, gas tax increases, and monthly parking surcharges. Interestingly, support for conversion did not vary much with socioeconomic characteristics or mode (carpool or drive alone). Respondents were more likely to support conversion if they believed freeway congestion would be better after the HOV lane was operating. These findings suggest that urban Californians may be more supportive of HOV lane conversions than was previously thought.
<title>Chemical Vapor Deposition Of Silicon Carbide For Large Area Mirrors</title> (1982)

CVD-SiC has been identified as the leading mirror material for high energy synchrotron radiation because of its high K/a ratio and its ability to be super-polished to &lt;10 A rms roughness. Technology already exists for depositing SiC over large areas (approximately 70 cm x 20 cm). The CVD process, substrate selection, and mirror design considerations are discussed.
Hydraulic Performance Analysis of Tangential Vortex Intakes with Compound Section by Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation (2014)

최근 국내에서 도심지 홍수로 인한 피해 발생이 증가하면서 차집된 다량의 강우를 일시에 배출할 수 있는 와류 유입구에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 이 중 접선식 유입구는 구조가 단순하고 크기가 작아 적용성이 높으나 설계 유량보다 작은 유량에 대해서 와류가 형성되지 못하는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이를 보완하여 새롭게 제안된 2가지 종류의 복단면형 접선식 와류 유입구의 수리 특성을 3차원 수치모의를 통해서 분석하였다. 기존에 제시된 한계수심 이론과 자유 배수 조건 이론을 이용하여 복단면 형상의 접선식 와류 유입구의 특성을 흐름 상태, 수면형, 수심-유량 관계, 공기 기둥 면적비 측면에서 분석하였다. 종합적인 수리 특성 분석 결과 완경사형 복단면 접선식 유입구가 최적안으로 판단되나 설계 유량이 작은 경우에는 급경사형 복단면도 가용한 것으로 나타났다. Recently the interest about the vortex intakes are rapidly increased because of its performance to drain a plenty of collected storm water at a time. The tangential intake a kind of vortex intakes is very applicable because this type is very simple and little against other types, but it has a big weakness that the vortex flow is not been rarely created below the design discharge. In this study, the characteristics of a tangential intake and two kinds of a newly suggested compound section type intake are analyzed by the 3D numerical modeling based on theories about the control shift and free drainage condition. The analysis focused on the flow condition, flow surface formation, depth-discharge relation, area ratio of air core. Based on this study, the mild-sloped compound section type intake is the optimal, but steep-sloped compound section type is also the optional for the small design discharge.
High-temperature sulfur capture by a Mn-Mo sorbent: An investigation of regeneration conditions and SO2 formation and prevention (2023)

The regeneration performance of a solid sorbent (alumina-supported 15Mn8Mo) for sulfur capture at high temperature has been studied. The regeneration of the sulfided sorbent was performed by oxidizing at different temperatures (400 – 800 °C) and O2 concentrations (0.21 – 21 %). Temperature had a larger impact on the regeneration than O2 concentration. An unwanted side reaction during sulfur capture is SO2 formation. Two pathways to SO2 formation were identified, either via sulfate formation and decomposition or via oxidation of H2S. A new regeneration method which avoids SO2 formation and achieves low residual H2S level in the gas phase involves adding an extra H2 pre-reduction step between the regular O2 -regeneration and the subsequent sorption step, i.e., a O2 – H2 regeneration. The stability of the sorbent was verified by 10 repeated sorption/regeneration cycles, with the sorbent regenerated either via the oxidative method or the new O2 – H2 regeneration method.
Clock Synchronization of Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

Clock synchronization is a critical component in the operation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as it provides a common time frame to different nodes. It supports functions such as fusing voice and video data from different sensor nodes, time-based channel sharing, and coordinated sleep wake-up node scheduling mechanisms. Early studies on clock synchronization for WSNs mainly focused on protocol design. However, the clock synchronization problem is inherently related to parameter estimation, and, recently, studies on clock synchronization began to emerge by adopting a statistical signal processing framework. In this article, a survey on the latest advances in the field of clock synchronization of WSNs is provided by following a signal processing viewpoint. This article illustrates that many of the proposed clock synchronization protocols can be interpreted and their performance assessed using common statistical signal processing methods. It is also shown that advanced signal processing techniques enable the derivation of optimal clock synchronization algorithms under challenging scenarios.
Novel fractional pixel motion estimation algorithm using motion prediction and fast search pattern (2008)

This paper presents a novel fractional motion estimation using motion prediction and fast search pattern for H.264/AVC. Fractional motion estimation improves coding efficiency and image quality. However, it requires additional computational overheads such as interpolation and fractional pixel search. To reduce fractional search computation, we propose a novel fast fractional search algorithm by combining the simplified adaptive search range and the mixed small diamond search pattern with the predicted factional motion vector. Compared with the fractional full search and the prediction-based directional fractional pixel search, the proposed algorithms can reduce up to 93% and 60% of fractional search points, respectively with the maximum PSNR loss less than 0.06 dB. The proposed algorithm is quite suitable for mobile video applications for requiring low computational complexity.