gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis bZIP1 Transcription Factor Binding to the ABRE Cis-Element Regulates Abscisic Acid Signal Transduction (2011)

摘要： ABA作为一种重要的植物激素和生长调节剂，介导了高等植物在营养生长阶段对各种外界环境的响应和适应。bZIP类转录因子可以通过ABA依赖途径和ABA非依赖途径调节植物的生长发育和对非生物胁迫的耐性。本研究通过AtbZIP1 T-DNA插入突变的拟南芥植株ko-1 (SALK_059343)和ko-2 (SALK_069489C)在ABA处理后的表型实验，验证了AtbZIP1参与ABA依赖的信号传导通路。采用“三引物法”，分别在DNA水平和RNA水平通过PCR和RT-PCR验证了AtbZIP1基因在拟南芥突变体中的沉默效果。定量分析数据表明，在种子萌发阶段，经过0.6 μmol L–1 ABA和0.8 μmol L–1 ABA处理后，AtbZIP1缺失突变体拟南芥植株萌发率和叶片展开/绿色率比野生型植株高，在幼苗生长阶段，经过50 μmol L–1 ABA处理后，AtbZIP1缺失突变体拟南芥植株根长比野生型植株长。为了确定AtbZIP1基因参与ABA信号传导是否依赖于ABRE元件，在大肠杆菌中表达了AtbZIP1 HIS6融合蛋白，并设计了核心序列为CACGTG的ABRE元件。凝胶阻滞电泳结果表明AtbZIP1融合蛋白可以与ABRE元件特异性结合。半定量RT-PCR分析表明，AtbZIP1基因的缺失改变了下游的ABA响应基因的表达。该结果表明AtbZIP1可以通过与ABRE元件结合调节植物对ABA处理的敏感性和下游ABA响应基因的表达，从而参与植物的ABA信号传导通路。
Equilibrium and propagation of a rotating relativistic electron beam (1980)

An experimental and theoretical study of a charged, but not current-neutralized, hollow, rotating relativistic electron beam propagating inside a metal tube in the absence of an external magnetic guide field is described. A model has been developed in which the radial equilibrium is derived from the force balance on the beam interacting with its self-field, and the velocity of propagation of the beam is derived from the power balance. The experimental results show close agreement with the predictions of the model.
Subconjunctival Nano- and Microparticles Sustain Retinal Delivery of Budesonide, a Corticosteroid Capable of Inhibiting VEGF Expression (2003)

Budesonide is capable of inhibiting VEGF expression through glucocorticoid receptor activity. Subconjunctivally administered budesonide-PLA nano- and microparticles sustain retinal drug delivery.
Optimum pulse amplitude modulation--II: Inclusion of timing jitter (1967)

A method is presented for specifying transmitter waveforms and receiver filters for pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) systems which are subject to distortion from additive noise, intersymbol interference, and timing jitter. A criterion of minimum mean-squared error is used. For the case of band-limited transmission, specific procedures are developed for computing optimum transmitters, optimum receivers, and jointly optimum transmitters and receivers. For two special jitter distributions the joint optimization problem is solved without a bandwidth limitation, and the resulting systems are found to be band-limited. In cases of localized timing jitter and high signal-to-noise ratio, we are led to system pulse responses of the form <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[\sin x/x]^{2}</tex> . A nonparametric method of reducing the effects of timing jitter is briefly discussed. In this approach the noise interference is minimized subject to the constraints that the intersymbol interference be zero and that the system pulse response have zero derivative at each nominal sampling point.
Evidence for bulk‐phase nitrogen dissolution in iron in catalytic ammonia synthesis (1982)

Abstract Experiments were carried out in which the reactants, nitrogen and hydrogen were admitted to a fixed bed of triply‐promoted iron catalyst in the form of concentration step‐functions. Temperature was about 400°C, and total pressure was 2.38 MPs. The bed was stabilized with equimolal flows of hydrogen and nitrogen and then stepped up to pure hydrogen or down to pure nitrogen. From the rate of ammonia production, catalyst properties, and bed temperature behaviour, it was inferred that nitrogen is dissolved by the bulk phase of the iron catalyst. This result has important implications for a general model of transient and forced cyclic operation of catalyst beds.
Techniques and Standards for Image, Video, and Audio Coding (1996)

1. Introduction. I. DIGITAL CODING TECHNIQUES. 2. Color Formats. 3. Quantization. 4. Predictive Coding. 5. Transform Coding. 6. Hybrid Coding and Motion Compensation. 7. Vector Quantization and Subband Coding. II. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR IMAGE, VIDEO AND AUDIO CODING. 8. JPEG Still Picture Compression Algorithm. 9. ITU-T H.261 Video Coder. 10. MPEG-1 Audiovisual Coder for Digital Storage Media. 11. MPEG-2 Generic Coding Algorithms. 12. MPEG-4 and H.263 Very Low Bit-rate Coding. 13. High Definition Television Services. 14. CMTT Digital Broadcasting S Standards. Appendix A. Manufactures and Vendors. Appendix B. Information on the Internet.
Use of tolvaptan in acute post-surgical hyponatremia in patients with pituitary diseases (2020)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Combined photoemission/in vacuo transport study of the indium tin oxide/copper phthalocyanine/N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(l-naphthyl)-1,1′biphenyl-4,4″diamine molecular organic semiconductor system (1999)

Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) was used to study the indium tin oxide/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and CuPc/N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(l-naphthyl)-1,1′biphenyl-1-4,4″diamine interfaces, which are commonly used as an anode/hole injection layer/hole transport layer combination in organic light emitting devices. In order to assess the validity of the transport barriers measured using UPS, in vacuo I–V measurements have been performed on simple devices grown and measured in the same system as the samples studied using UPS. I–V characteristics were modeled using numerical simulations. The parameters used in the simulated curves which best fit the measured I–V characteristics agree quantitatively with the UPS measured barriers.
Computer program for calculation of complex chemical equilibrium compositions and applications. Part 1: Analysis (1994)

This report presents the latest in a number of versions of chemical equilibrium and applications programs developed at the NASA Lewis Research Center over more than 40 years. These programs have changed over the years to include additional features and improved calculation techniques and to take advantage of constantly improving computer capabilities. The minimization-of-free-energy approach to chemical equilibrium calculations has been used in all versions of the program since 1967. The two principal purposes of this report are presented in two parts. The first purpose, which is accomplished here in part 1, is to present in detail a number of topics of general interest in complex equilibrium calculations. These topics include mathematical analyses and techniques for obtaining chemical equilibrium; formulas for obtaining thermodynamic and transport mixture properties and thermodynamic derivatives; criteria for inclusion of condensed phases; calculations at a triple point; inclusion of ionized species; and various applications, such as constant-pressure or constant-volume combustion, rocket performance based on either a finite- or infinite-chamber-area model, shock wave calculations, and Chapman-Jouguet detonations. The second purpose of this report, to facilitate the use of the computer code, is accomplished in part 2, entitled 'Users Manual and Program Description'. Various aspects of the computer code are discussed, and a number of examples are given to illustrate its versatility.
Analysis of Combustion Process in Industrial Gas Engine with Prechamber-Based Ignition System (2018)

Application of a pre-combustion chamber (PCC) ignition system is one of the methods to improve combustion stability and reduce toxic compounds emission, especially NOx. Using PCC allows the operation of the engine at lean combustion conditions or the utilization of low calorific gaseous fuels such as syngas or biogas. The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the combustion process in two stroke, large bore, stationary gas engine GMVH 12 equipped with two spark plugs (2-SP) and a PCC ignition system. The experimental research has been performed during the normal operation of the engine in an industrial compression station. It was observed that application of PCC provides less cycle-to-cycle combustion variation (more than 10%) and nitric oxide and carbon monoxide emissions decreased to 60% and 26% respectively. The total hydrocarbon (THC) emission rate is 25% higher for the engine equipped with PCC, which results in roughly two percent engine efficiency decrease. Another important criterion of engine retrofitting was the PCC location in the engine head. The experimental results show that improvement of engine operating parameters was recorded only for a configuration with one port offset by 45° from the axis of the main chamber. The study of the ignition delay angle and equivalence ratio in PCC did not demonstrate explicit influence on engine performance.
Fructose Induced KHK-C Increases ER Stress and Modulates Hepatic Transcriptome to Drive Liver Disease in Diet-Induced and Genetic Models of NAFLD (2023)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and is estimated to affect one billion individuals worldwide. An increased intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) and sugar-sweetened beverages are risk-factors for NAFLD development, but how their combined intake promotes progression to a more severe form of liver injury is unknown. Here we show that fructose metabolism via ketohexokinase (KHK) C isoform increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a dose dependent fashion, so when fructose is coupled with a HFD intake it leads to unresolved ER stress. Conversely, a liver-specific knockdown of KHK in C57BL/6J male mice consuming fructose on a HFD is adequate to improve the NAFLD activity score and exert a profound effect on the hepatic transcriptome. Overexpression of KHK-C in cultured hepatocytes is sufficient to induce ER stress in fructose free media. Upregulation of KHK-C is also observed in genetically obesity ob/ob, db/db and lipodystrophic FIRKO male mice, whereas KHK knockdown in these mice improves metabolic function. Additionally, in over 100 inbred strains of male or female mice hepatic KHK expression correlates positively with adiposity, insulin resistance, and liver triglycerides. Similarly, in 241 human subjects and their controls, hepatic <i>Khk</i> expression is upregulated in early, but not late stages of NAFLD. In summary, we describe a novel role of KHK-C in triggering ER stress, which offers a mechanistic understanding of how the combined intake of fructose and a HFD propagates the development of metabolic complications.
The Fusiform Face Area: A Module in Human Extrastriate Cortex Specialized for Face Perception (1997)

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we found an area in the fusiform gyrus in 12 of the 15 subjects tested that was significantly more active when the subjects viewed faces than when they viewed assorted common objects. This face activation was used to define a specific region of interest individually for each subject, within which several new tests of face specificity were run. In each of five subjects tested, the predefined candidate "face area" also responded significantly more strongly to passive viewing of (1) intact than scrambled two-tone faces, (2) full front-view face photos than front-view photos of houses, and (in a different set of five subjects) (3) three-quarter-view face photos (with hair concealed) than photos of human hands; it also responded more strongly during (4) a consecutive matching task performed on three-quarter-view faces versus hands. Our technique of running multiple tests applied to the same region defined functionally within individual subjects provides a solution to two common problems in functional imaging: (1) the requirement to correct for multiple statistical comparisons and (2) the inevitable ambiguity in the interpretation of any study in which only two or three conditions are compared. Our data allow us to reject alternative accounts of the function of the fusiform face area (area "FF") that appeal to visual attention, subordinate-level classification, or general processing of any animate or human forms, demonstrating that this region is selectively involved in the perception of faces.
Epigenetic reprogramming and chromatin accessibility in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas: a neural developmental disease (2019)

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare but deadly pediatric brainstem tumor. To date, there is no effective therapy for DIPG. Transcriptomic analyses have revealed DIPGs have a distinct profile from other pediatric high-grade gliomas occurring in the cerebral hemispheres. These unique genomic characteristics coupled with the younger median age group suggest that DIPG has a developmental origin. The most frequent mutation in DIPG is a lysine to methionine (K27M) mutation that occurs on H3F3A and HIST1H3B/C, genes encoding histone variants. The K27M mutation disrupts methylation by polycomb repressive complex 2 on histone H3 at lysine 27, leading to global hypomethylation. Histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation is an important developmental regulator controlling gene expression. This review discusses the developmental and epigenetic mechanisms driving disease progression in DIPG, as well as the profound therapeutic implications of epigenetic programming.
Design and Synthesis of Tunable Chiral 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligands: Application to the Enantioselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Arylation of Aldehydes (2022)

A new class of chiral 2,2'-bipyridine ligands, SBpy, featuring minimized short-range steric hindrance and structural tunability was rationally designed and developed, and the effectiveness was demonstrated in the first highly enantioselective Ni-catalyzed addition of aryl halides to aldehydes. In comparison with known approaches using preformed aryl metallic reagents, this reaction is more step-economical and functional group tolerant. The reaction mechanism and a model of stereocontrol were proposed based on experimental and computational results.
Change of mucosal color in early gastric cancer (2012)

Mucosal color change is an important clue in the diagnosis of EGC. EGC with whitish discoloration needs more attention due to its link with the diffuse type of Lauren's classification.
Synthesis of Uniform Layered Protonated Titanate Hierarchical Spheres and Their Transformation to Anatase TiO2 for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2012)

Layered protonated titanates (LPTs), a class of interesting inorganic layered materials, have been widely studied because of their many unique properties and their use as precursors to many important TiO(2)-based functional materials. In this work, we have developed a facile solvothermal method to synthesize hierarchical spheres (HSs) assembled from ultrathin LPT nanosheets. These LPT hierarchical spheres possess a porous structure with a large specific surface area and high stability. Importantly, the size and morphology of the LPT hierarchical spheres are easily tunable by varying the synthesis conditions. These LPT HSs can be easily converted to anatase TiO(2) HSs without significant structural alteration. Depending on the calcination atmosphere of air or N(2), pure anatase TiO(2) HSs or carbon-supported TiO(2) HSs, respectively, can be obtained. Remarkably, both types of TiO(2) HSs manifest excellent cyclability and rate capability when evaluated as anode materials for high-power lithium-ion batteries.
MARKING AN ERA IN LARYNGOLOGY. (1889)

<i>Gentlemen and Colleagues:</i>—Let us congratulate ourselves that, at last, we, as laryngologiste and otologists, are in position to mark an era in the progressive history of the American Medical Association—an era of good, solid medical sense. I refer to this, the first meeting of the Section of Laryngology and Otology, as a separate and individual body disassociated from the Section of Ophthalmology, in which the two former closely related specialties have thus far in our history played a secondary rôle. As laryngologists and otologists we have long agreed that, to be an able practitioner in either specialty, one must be a well informed and competent practitioner in both these special branches of medicine; but so far as ophthalmology is concerned, if we except certain catarrhal ophthalmias of a chronic character, there is little call for the constant special skill and daily practice of the laryngologist in the ordinary treatment of
Serum neural cell adhesion molecule differentiates multiple myeloma from paraproteinemias due to other causes (1996)

Serum neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) has been described as a prognostic marker in multiple myeloma (MM). Both C-reactive protein (CRP) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) are established prognostic markers in MM. We tested the diagnostic value of these markers in 212 serum samples of patients with paraproteinemia registered prospectively in a population-based registry. Sixty patients had MM and 152 had other monoclonal gammopathies (hematologic diseases [48], paraneoplastic disease [35], autoimmune disease [15], and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance [56]). CRP and beta 2M had wide and overlapping ranges in all diagnostic categories. However, serum neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) was low (< 20 U/mL) in all but 4 of 152 nonmyeloma cases and high (> or = 20 U/mL) in 31 (52%) of the 60 MM cases. Two patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1 with chronic lymphatic leukemia, and 1 with autoimmune disease had serum NCAM values between 20 and 30 U/mL. In a discriminant analysis in which serum NCAM, CRP, beta 2M, paraprotein type and concentration, hemoglobin, leukocyte and thrombocyte counts, creatinine, corrected calcium, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were included, paraprotein type and concentration and serum NCAM turned out to be the best combination of parameters predicting whether a patient had MM, with 89% of cases being correctly classified. Even without bone marrow and x-ray examinations, serum NCAM, in combination with paraprotein type and concentration, can differentiate between MM and nonmyeloma patients.
Simultaneous evolutionary expansion and constraint of genomic heterogeneity in multifocal lung cancer (2017)

Recent genomic analyses have revealed substantial tumor heterogeneity across various cancers. However, it remains unclear whether and how genomic heterogeneity is constrained during tumor evolution. Here, we sequence a unique cohort of multiple synchronous lung cancers (MSLCs) to determine the relative diversity and uniformity of genetic drivers upon identical germline and environmental background. We find that each multicentric primary tumor harbors distinct oncogenic alterations, including novel mutations that are experimentally demonstrated to be functional and therapeutically targetable. However, functional studies show a strikingly constrained tumorigenic pathway underlying heterogeneous genetic variants. These results suggest that although the mutation-specific routes that cells take during oncogenesis are stochastic, genetic trajectories may be constrained by selection for functional convergence on key signaling pathways. Our findings highlight the robust evolutionary pressures that simultaneously shape the expansion and constraint of genomic diversity, a principle that holds important implications for understanding tumor evolution and optimizing therapeutic strategies.Across cancer types tumor heterogeneity has been observed, but how this relates to tumor evolution is unclear. Here, the authors sequence multiple synchronous lung cancers, highlighting the evolutionary pressures that simultaneously shape the expansion and constraint of genomic heterogeneity.
Most Jacobsen syndrome deletion breakpoints occur distal to FRA11B (1998)

Recent studies have identified a (CCG)n repeat in the 5′ untranslated region of the CBL2 protooncogene (11q23.3) and have demonstrated that expansion of this repeat causes expression of the folate-sensitive fragile site FRA11B. It has also been demonstrated that FRA11B is the site of breakage in some cases of Jacobsen syndrome (JS) involving terminal deletions of chromosome 11q. We report on 2 patients with JS and a 46,XX,del(11)(q23.3) karyotype. In both cases, microsatellite and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses indicated that the deletion breakpoint was approximately 1.5–3 Mb telomeric to FRA11B. There was no evidence of expansion of the CBL2 (CCG)n repeat in the parents of either patient. The deleted chromosome was of paternal origin in both cases, although it was of maternal origin in the cases reported to be caused by FRA11B. These findings and those in previously reported patients suggest that the breakpoint for most 11q deletions in JS patients is telomeric to FRA11B, which raises the possibility that there may be other fragile sites in 11q23.3 in addition to FRA11B. These findings also support previous evidence that there may be a propensity for breakpoints to differ depending on the parental origin of the deleted chromosome. Am. J. Med. Genet. 76:222–228, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A novel syndrome caused by the constitutional gain-of-function variant p.Glu1099Lys in NSD2 (2022)

ABSTRACT Purpose NSD2 dimethylates histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36me2) and is located in the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) region. Recent descriptions delineated loss-of-function (LoF) variants in NSD2 with a distinct disorder. The oncogenic missense variant p.Glu1099Lys occures somatically in leukemia and has a gain-of-function (GoF) effect. Methods We describe two unrelated individuals carrying c.3295G&gt;A, p.Glu1099Lys as heterozygous de novo germline variants identified by exome sequencing of blood DNA and subsequently confirmed in two ectodermal tissues. We use omics data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia to analyze the GoF effect. Results Clinically these individuals are characterized by intellectual disability, coarse/ square facial gestalt, abnormalities of the hands and organomegaly. We confirmed increased K36me2 methylation in lines with either NSD2 GoF variants or duplications. Cells with GoF variants showed increased DNA promoter methylation and dysregulated RNA expression, influencing cellular modules involved in white blood cell activation, cell growth and organ development. Conclusion NSD2 GoF caused by the missense variant p.Glu1099Lys leads to a novel syndromic phenotype distinct from both the previously described LoF phenotypes. Other variants causing NSD2 hyperactivation or overexpression may cause a similar phenotype. This syndrome should be distinguished from the recently named Rauch-Steindl syndrome caused by NSD2 haploinsufficiency.
Dynamical effects in fusion reactions formingSn110 (1995)

High-energy \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray spectra were measured following the reactions $^{18}\mathrm{O}$${+}^{92}$Mo and $^{50}\mathrm{Ti}$${+}^{60}$Ni forming the compound nucleus $^{110}\mathrm{Sn}$ at the same excitation energy of 56 MeV. The angular momentum gated \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray spectra from both reactions can be described by standard statistical model calculations. The influence of particle and \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray decay during the formation time is found to be small in both reactions. This result is consistent with predictions from dissipative dyanmics calculations.
Intracloud development of lightning strikes to aircraft (1991)

The analysis of airborne electromagnetic records of seven lightning strikes to the FAA CV-580 instrumented airplane during the 1987 field campaign was aimed at revealing and interpreting processes taken place during the intracloud propagation of lighting strikes initiated on or intercepted by the airplane. It is shown that intracloud development of the strike may consist of recoil streamers, dart leader/return stroke sequences, and the secondary initiations of new discharges. These processes, with their high current pulse amplitudes, may present greater threat to aircraft than current pulses during strike initiation. The latter are presently considered by the technical community to be the primary lightning threat to aircraft.