gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A band relaxation algorithm for reliable and parallelizable circuit simulation (2003)

A variable-band relaxation algorithm for solving large linear systems is developed as an alternative to Gauss-Jacobi relaxation. This algorithm seeks to improve the reliability of Gauss-Jacobi relaxation by extracting a variable-sized band from the matrix and solving that band directly. This leads to a relaxation algorithm with provably better convergence properties. The algorithm can be used effectively on a massively parallel computer because band matrices can be solved in log(n) time on n/2 processors. Test results are presented which compare the convergence properties of variable-band and Gauss-Jacobi relaxation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cyclophilin A: a key player for human disease (2013)

Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a ubiquitously distributed protein belonging to the immunophilin family. CyPA has peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity, which regulates protein folding and trafficking. Although CyPA was initially believed to function primarily as an intracellular protein, recent studies have revealed that it can be secreted by cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. Current research in animal models and humans has provided compelling evidences supporting the critical function of CyPA in several human diseases. This review discusses recently available data about CyPA in cardiovascular diseases, viral infections, neurodegeneration, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, asthma, periodontitis and aging. It is believed that further elucidations of the role of CyPA will provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases and will help develop novel pharmacological therapies.
The Viable Missionary: Learner, Trader, Story Teller (1978)

What's a nice pragmatic article for mission administrators and candidates doing in an academic journal like this? The should-be-obvious answer: the discipline of missiology is not complete without the applied dimensions of mission methodology and strategy. Furthermore, anthropology Professor Larson makes some subtle-but-telling points in applied theology before he draws his conclusions. In the end, he speaks to all missionaries. If your first 2 or 3 terms were frustrating, perhaps you'll find here a “Eureka” for a fresh start.
Growing form-filling tensegrity structures using map L-systems (2007)

No abstract available.
Sclerosing cholangitis and biliary tract calculi--primary or secondary? (1992)

The clinical features of 61 patients with sclerosing cholangitis were reviewed. This group included 23 patients with biliary tract calculi, commonly considered as excluding the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. The aim of this study was to compare these 23 patients (group A) with 38 patients with sclerosing cholangitis free of calculi (group B). Both groups had the following features in common: (i) age at presentation, (ii) incidence of inflammatory bowel disease, (iii) extent of radiological disease, (iv) prevalence of HLA-B8 and DR3 haplotype, (v) incidence of cholangiocarcinoma, and (vi) progression to hepatic transplantation (mean follow up 49.9 months). All patients in group A were symptomatic at diagnosis compared with 23 of the 38 patients (61%) in group B. Recurrent ascending cholangitis occurred in 12 patients in group A (52%) and two patients (5%) in group B. The similarity between the two groups was maintained when the nine patients in group A who developed calculi after sclerosing cholangitis was diagnosed were excluded. It is concluded that choledocholithiasis is part of the spectrum of primary sclerosing cholangitis and that it is not necessary to invoke choledocholithiasis as the initial lesion of the bile ducts in such patients.
Transinfection and growth discrepancy of DrosophilaWolbachiastrainwMel in cell lines of the mosquitoAedes albopictus (2009)

The cell model built here can now be used to investigate the viral inhibitory effect of the Wolbachia wMel strain against arboviruses such as dengue and chikungunya, which are transmitted by the mosquito A. albopictus.
Second-order analysis of eigenray displacement: When does Fermat’s principle apply? (1996)

In the ocean sound channel multiple eigenrays, each possessing stationary travel time, may connect two fixed points. In a highly structured propagation environment, how does one determine if the travel time of a given eigenray is a local minimum (Fermat’s principle), maximum, or saddle point with respect to ray parameters? A second-order analysis of the travel time integral along an eigenray is carried out to reveal conditions determining the nature of the stationarity. In three dimensions, the problem reduces to a second-order differential/diadic eigenvalue equation along the ray. In two dimensions, it becomes a scalar Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue problem. An analytic example is given in which both maximum and minimum travel time eigenrays exist. Conditions for ray chaos in the analytic example are derived and related to the occurrence of maximum travel time eigenrays. [Work supported by NRL.]
Time-lapse Seafloor Gravity and Height Measurements for Reservoir Monitoring (2012)

Abstract Since 1998 we have been making repeated relative gravity measurements onseafloor benchmarks to monitor temporal and spatial density change in producingnatural gas reservoirs and in a CO2 sequestration reservoir. We simultaneouslycollect ambient ocean pressure data to infer benchmark height changes. We haveobtained repeatability in gravity and height of 2 to 3 ?Gal and 2 to 5 mmrespectively. To date we have completed 16 surveys of six reservoirs; each hasbeen repeated at least once. The data provide information useful for reservoirmanagement and tracking injected CO2. Introduction Maximizing the recovery of hydrocarbons in producing reservoirs is an importantactivity currently being addressed by several geophysical techniques. One ofthese — time lapse gravity — offers a unique vision into a reservoir wheredensity is being changed because of production. Our collaboration has beenusing changes in gravity, observed on the seafloor above offshore reservoirs. Because of the low density of gas compared to water or oil, gravity has beenmost effective in monitoring gas reservoirs. In the simplest model, water flows into a gas reservoir during production toreplace the gas that has been removed. The resulting net increase in densityproduces a positive change in the value of gravity observed over the reservoir. Depending on the geometry and characteristics of the gas reservoir, gravitymeasurements can be made precise enough to detect a rise in reservoir waterlevel of less than 1 m. Compared to the 4D seismic approach, this can be moresensitive to small movements of large fronts. Details of the method Seafloor surveys require the use of a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) and asurvey vessel equipped with the infrastructure to support it. We have found itmost efficient to use three seafloor gravity meters simultaneously. The metersare Scintrex model CG5s which we have adapted for seafloor use. Each meterconsists of a CG5 mounted in a motor-controlled gimbal frame housed in a deepocean pressure cylinder. A microprocessor in the package controls gimballeveling motors to orient the sensor with the local vertical. Each pressurecase also contains a quartz pressure gauge (Paroscientific DigiQuartz model31k) to record ambient seawater pressure. Gravity, pressure, tilt angles, compass heading, sensor temperature, ambient temperature and other housekeepingparameters are acquired and formatted by the microprocessor and telemetered tooperators on the ship in real time via the ROV's umbilical. The operatorscontrol each sensor through a LabView interface program operating on a PC inthe ROV control room on the vessel. This enables smooth communication betweenthe gravity meter operators and the ROV pilots. The three gravity meter systems are mounted into a single deployment framewhich isolates them from shocks generated by the ROV launch and recoveryactivities. The frame is lifted by a hydraulic arm on the ROV, speciallyconstructed for these surveys.
Test and Evaluation of Quadrupedal Walking Gaits through Sim2Real Gap Quantification (2022)

In this letter, the authors propose a two-step approach to evaluate and verify a true system's capacity to satisfy its operational objective. Specifically, whenever the system objective has a quantifiable measure of satisfaction, i.e. a signal temporal logic specification, a barrier function, etc - the authors develop two separate optimization problems solvable via a Bayesian Optimization procedure detailed within. This dual approach has the added benefit of quantifying the Sim2Real Gap between a system simulator and its hardware counterpart. Our contributions are twofold. First, we show repeatability with respect to our outlined optimization procedure in solving these optimization problems. Second, we show that the same procedure can discriminate between different environments by identifying the Sim2Real Gap between a simulator and its hardware counterpart operating in different environments.
농협법상 임원의 ‘비상임’에 대한 검토 (2016)

농협법은 농협과 농협중앙회의 임원의 ‘비상임’에 관해 규정하고 있다. 이 논문의 목적은 ‘비상임지위’의 법적 의미와 관련 문제들에 대해 검토하고, 바람직한 입법의견을 제시하는 데 있다. 결론적으로 말하자면, 농협과 농협중앙회의 최고경영자(조합장, 중앙회장)의 지위를 ‘상임’으로 하는 것이법리(法理)와 사회적 통념에 적합하다. 그리고 이렇게 하는 것이 책임경영체제를 증진하는 데에도 도움이 될 것이다. 한편, 최근(2016.5.20.)에 정부가 입법예고한 농협법 개정안은 농협과 농협중앙회의 최고경영자(조합장, 중앙회장)의 업무집행권을 실질적으로 박탈하는 내용을 담고 있는데, 이는법리에 위배되므로 시정되어야 한다.
The Mechanism of Ligand‐Induced Activation or Inhibition of μ‐ and κ‐Opioid Receptors (2015)

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important targets for treating severe diseases. However why certain molecules act as activators whereas others, with similar structures, block GPCR activation, is poorly understood since the same molecule can activate one receptor subtype while blocking another closely related receptor. To shed light on these central questions, we used all-atom, long-time-scale molecular dynamics simulations on the κ-opioid and μ-opioid receptors (κOR and μOR). We found that water molecules penetrating into the receptor interior mediate the activating versus blocking effects of a particular ligand-receptor interaction. Both the size and the flexibility of the bound ligand regulated water influx into the receptor. The solvent-accessible inner surface area was found to be a parameter that can help predict the function of the bound ligand.
Inside Cover: γ‐Al2O3‐Supported and Unsupported (Ni)MoS2 for the Hydrodenitrogenation of Quinoline in the Presence of Dibenzothiophene (ChemCatChem 2/2014) (2014)

I want to break free (from your nitrogen): The inside cover picture shows the stepwise removal of nitrogen from hydrocarbons catalyzed by well-characterized Ni-promoted MoS2. In their Full Paper on p. 485 ff., O. Y. Gutiérrez, J. A. Lercher et al. describe the reaction mechanism of the denitrogenation of quinoline in the presence of dibenzothiophene and the detailed physicochemical characterization of the MoS2-based materials that catalyze the process. The effects of support and promoter on the features of oxide precursors, the corresponding sulfide catalysts and, thus, their catalytic behavior are revealed. There is a clear dispersion effect of Al2O3, which influences the NiSxMoS2 interactions and the catalytic chemistry.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Targeting CXCR2 Enhances Chemotherapeutic Response, Inhibits Mammary Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, and Lung Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 58K, Figure S2: Expression of CXCL8 in SKBR3 control and CXCR2 over-expressing cells after doxorubicin and paclitaxel treatment was determined using ELISA. Slight increase in the expression of CXCL8 in CXCR2 over-expressing cells but the change is not significant.&lt;/p&gt;
Binding of T3in Rat Liver Nuclei (1974)

The binding of labeled triiodothyronine has been studied in rat liver nuclei prepared after in vivo administration of hormone. Nuclear pellets prepared from homogenates made in 0.32M sucrose + 1 mm magnesium chloride and centrifuged through 2.3M sucrose density gradients contain, 2 hr after labeling, approximately 9% of liver isotope in normal animals and 18%in surgically thyroidectomized animals. 60% of DNA is recovered in the nuclear pellet so prepared. The fraction of total liver isotope present in the purified nuclear pellets is 6%at 10 min, peaks between 2 and 3.5 hr, and declines gradually over the subsequent 24 hr as total blood, liver, and nuclear isotope rapidly decline. These data suggest relatively free exchange between nucleus and other components of the liver. The nuclear binding of receptor sites in normal and thyroidectomized animals can be saturated by addition of increasing doses of carrier unlabeled triiodothyronine. Scatchard analysis suggests the presence of high affinity binding sites with a capacity of 2.4 ng per g in liver of thyroidectomized animals. These nuclear binding sites would contain approximately 10,400 molecules of T3 per liver cell nucleus, and would be partially saturated at normal rat serum T3 levels. Nuclear labeled T3 can be displaced by unlabeled T3, unlabeled triac, and with less efficiency by L-thyroxine or D-thyroxine. The nuclear T3 can be extracted in vitro by incubation of the nuclei with albumin or other proteins. The nuclear binding proteins can be extracted from the nuclei by 0.4M KC1 and sediment as macromolecules with a sedimentation constant of less than 4S. The binding molecules appear to be protein since the binding activity is destroyed by incubation with protease. The high affinity nuclear T3 binding sites may be important in hormone action, although as yet no data linking these sites to subsequent metabolic events has been adduced. (Endocrinology95: 74, 1974)
The enolization of 4, 5-dehydromuscarone (1976)

Journal Article The enolization of 4, 5-dehydromuscarone Get access A H Beckett, A H Beckett Department of Pharmacy, Chelsea College, University of London, SW3 6LX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B H Warrington, B H Warrington The Research Institute, Smith Kline and French Laboratories Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, Herts., U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R Griffiths, R Griffiths The Research Institute, Smith Kline and French Laboratories Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, Herts., U.K. Correspondence: The Research Institute, Smith Kline and French Laboratories Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, Herts., U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E S Pepper, E S Pepper The Research Institute, Smith Kline and French Laboratories Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, Herts., U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Bowden K Bowden The Research Institute, Smith Kline and French Laboratories Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, Herts., U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 28, Issue 9, September 1976, Pages 728–729, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1976.tb02852.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 22 March 1976 Published: 12 April 2011
Heterocyclic Synthesis by Methal Carbonyl Induced Cyclization Reaction (1984)

Metal carhonyl induced cyclizatian reactions provide useful methods for heterocyclic synthesis.This review surveys their recent progress.' Another route to lactones has been explored by the insertion of carbon monoxide into the oxetane 7 or tetrahydrofuran with C O ~L C O ) ~. 3 cat.Co2 (C0)8, CO PhH.300 atm, 280°C.Zh 1 -Q., 0 -54% 0 cat.Co2 (C0) 8 , CO PhH, 170 a h , 200°C, 2h-cN/-3 4 5 7 % -0cat.COZ (C0) 8 , CO. H2 -on PhH, 130 atm, ZOO°C, 4h 5 ? ., 0cat.Co(0Ac)z.co, Hz0 .250 atm, 200°C, 4h e -'c.0 u .5 5 % Photolysis of the vinyl oxirane 9 in the presence of Fe(CO)5 allows ring opening-. .into the iron complex intermediate 1_0, which is convered to the lactonr tf on oxidation with Ce (IV) .Treatment of the iron complex intermediate 1_0 with benzylamine and ZnC12 followed by oxidation leads to the 0-lactam 13.5Hydrocarbonylation of acetylenes with ethylene is catalyzed by Rh4 lC0) in ethanol to give 5-ethyl-2(5H)-furanones such as 1 5 .~ In the absence of ethylene, ethanol is intoduced to the product 16.7 -
Changes in intratumoral thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) mRNA expression in colorectal and gastric cancer during continuous tegafur infusion (2001)

Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the key enzyme in the 5-FU catabolic pathway. We wanted to determine whether the TS and DPD mRNA expression levels of gastric and colorectal cancer patients would be affected by tegafur (futrafur:FT)-based chemotherapy and whether changes in their expression might be responsible for patient outcome. Thirty-five patients with resectable advanced primary gastric cancer and 36 patients with resectable advanced primary colorectal cancer were the subjects of this study. They all underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy with protracted infusion of FT alone or FT plus low doses of cisplatin. The TS and DPD mRNA expression levels of endoscopic biopsy specimens before chemotherapy and surgical specimens after chemotherapy were measured by TaqMan reverse transcription-PCR assay using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as the internal standard. There was a significant difference in the DPD mRNA levels during chemotherapy in the colorectal cancers. Although the TS and DPD levels were unrelated to any conventional histopathological grade factors, colorectal cancer patients whose surgical specimens contained lower TS and DPD mRNA levels had longer disease-free intervals. The results of this study suggest that FT may affect DPD mRNA expression in colorectal cancer patients, that TS/DPD expression can be regarded as an independent prognostic factor, and that colorectal cancer patients with low TS and low DPD mRNA are candidates for FT-based adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, quantitative analysis of the change in TS/DPD mRNA in surgical specimens during FT-based chemotherapy might be a more accurate means of predicting the post-operative disease-free interval of colorectal cancer patients than analysis of endoscopic specimens before chemotherapy. There also seems to be a relation between regulation of TS and DPD during FT chemotherapy. Elucidation of the mechanisms regulating TS and DPD mRNA expression might make it possible to predict sensitivity and/or toxicity to FT.
The Hardware and Signal Processing Architecture of LabPET™, a Small Animal APD-Based Digital PET Scanner (2009)

The highly multiplexed analog processing front-end of current Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanners yields high accuracy for timing but adds significant dead time and offers little flexibility for improvement. A new fully digital APD-based scanner architecture is proposed wherein nuclear pulses are sampled directly at the output of the Charge Sensitive Preamplifier (CSP) with one free-running ADC per channel. This approach offers the opportunity to explore new digital signal processing algorithms borrowed from other fields like command and control theory, as well as advanced heuristics such as neural networks. The analog front-end consists of a dedicated 0.18- mum, 16-channel CMOS charge sensitive preamplifier. Digitization is performed with off-the-shelf dual 8-bit analog-to-digital converters running at 45-MSPS. Digital processing is shared between a FPGA and a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), which can process the data from up to 64 parallel channels without dead time. The FPGA deals with the initial signal analysis for energy measurement and time stamping, while crystal identification is deferred to the DSP running computation-intensive recursive algorithms. The entire system is controlled serially through a Firewire link by a Graphic User Interface. The initial LabPETtrade implementation of the system is a dedicated small animal scanner holding up to 4608 APD channels at an averaged count rate of up to 10 000 events/s each.
Mouse polyomavirus tropism alters magnitude and functionality of virus-specific CD8 T cells (VIR6P.1173) (2015)

Abstract Mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) is a ubiquitous persistent natural mouse pathogen. Human JC polyomavirus variants associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy have discrete amino acid mutations in VP1, the major capsid protein, that affects tropism for glial cells. A glutamic acid (E) to glycine (G) difference at position 92 of VP1, shifts the profile to tumors induced by MPyV from epithelial to mesenchymal cell origin. Here, we asked if this shift in tropism affects the MPyV-specific CD8 T cell response, which controls MPyV infection/tumorigenesis. We found that the A2 (92E-VP1) and RA (92G-VP1) MPyV strains differ sharply in MPyV-specific CD8 T cell responses. A2 virus generates a robust, high magnitude virus-specific CD8 T cell response, whereas RA virus elicits a markedly smaller anti-MPyV CD8 T cell response. Infection by an A2 92G-VP1 mutant virus recapitulates the antiviral CD8 T cell response seen with RA virus. Notably, the antiviral CD8 T cell recall response during persistent infection by this A2 mutant significantly exceeded that of A2 virus. Using immunization with peptide-loaded dendritic cells in the setting of bystander inflammation by A2 or the mutant virus, we found that A2 virus stimulates a higher magnitude MPyV-specific CD8 T cell response; this difference is negated in DC-deficient Flt3-/- mice. Together, these data indicate that viral tropism for DCs is a major determinant of the quantity and quality of the anti-MPyV CD8 T cell response.
RF Impairments in Wireless Transceivers: Phase Noise, CFO, and IQ Imbalance – A Survey (2021)

Wireless transceivers for mass-market applications must be cost effective. We may achieve this goal by deploying non-ideal low-cost radio frequency (RF) analog components. However, their imperfections may result in RF impairments, including phase noise (PN), carrier frequency offset (CFO), and in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) imbalance. These impairments introduce in-band and out-of-band interference terms and degrade the performance of wireless systems. In this survey, we present RF-impairment signal models and discuss their impacts. Moreover, we review RF-impairment estimation and compensation in single-carrier (SC) and multicarrier systems, especially orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Furthermore, we discuss the effects of the RF impairments in already-established wireless technologies, e.g., multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), massive MIMO, full-duplex, and millimeter-wave communications and review existing estimation and compensation algorithms. Finally, future research directions investigate the RF impairments in emerging technologies, including cell-free massive MIMO communications, non-orthogonal multicarrier systems, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), ambient backscatter communications, and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted communications. Furthermore, we discuss artificial intelligence (AI) approaches for developing estimation and compensation algorithms for RF impairments.