gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron Microscopy studies of spinel interphase formation at the Ni/Al2O3 interface (1989)

Many metal-ceramic combinations considered for structural components and composites react at high temperatures to form intermediate phases, usually in the form of thin interfacial layers. Interphase formation generally leads to marked changes in interface fracture resistance. A fundamental understanding of metal-ceramic interphase reactions is thus key to optimizing the mechanical behavior of such systems. In the system Ni/Al 2 O 3 , nickel aluminate spinel (NiAl 2 O 4 ) reaction layers have been found to form in diffusion bonding studies. However, the underlying reaction process by which spinel formation occurs is not well understood. It has been suggested that the reaction requires conditions sufficiently oxidizing to first produce NiO which then reacts with the Al 2 O 3 . In the present study controlled oxygen diffusion bonding and electron microscopy were used to further explore the spinel formation reaction at the Ni/Al 2 O 3 interface.
WILD BIRDS AS EASTERN (EEE) AND WESTERN (WEE) EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS SENTINELS (1971)

Six species of wild birds were studied for their suitability as sentinels to detect the transmission of EEE and WEE viruses in the Pocomoke Cypress Swamp, Maryland. Blood specimens from birds were tested for virus and for neutralizing antibodies in tubes of primary hamster kidney cell culture. Virus isolations and serological data from bobwhite quail, white-throated sparrows, red-winged blackbirds and English sparrows indicated that transmission of WEE virus began in late July, 1968, and preceded the onset of EEE virus transmission by several weeks and that transmission of both viruses continued into November. Of the species tested, bobwhite quail and white-throated sparrows survived best. Selection and use of wild birds as sentinels are discussed.
Competitive binding of E3 ligases TRIM26 and WWP2 controls SOX2 in glioblastoma (2020)

This repository contains proteomics data and 10x Genomics single-cell RNA sequencing data for "Competitive binding of E3 ligases TRIM26 and WWP2 controls SOX2 in glioblastoma." Proteomics data for three samples (one IgG control and two replicates of the SOX2 IP) is stored in the file ProteomicsData.zip. scRNAseq for four samples (from three tumors) is stored in a Seurat object (Cycling.SCT.PCA.UMAP.TSNE.CLUST.200522.rds). Raw fastq files have been deposited in Annotare. As of 9/18/20, they are still in the curation stage.
Struktur und Synthese des Naturstoffs Heptachlor-1′-methyl-1,2′-bipyrrol (Q1) (2002)

Welcher Organismus schafft das? In dem Naturstoff Q1, dessen Chloranteil 64 % beträgt und dessen Quelle noch unbekannt ist, ist jedes dritte Atom ein Halogen. Die erstmals synthetisch hergestellte Verbindung weist das gleiche chromatographische Verhalten wie die aus Umweltproben isolierte Substanz auf.
The pathogenesis of autoimmunity in New Zealand mice. IV. Independent stimulation of antibodies to DNA and RNA. (1972)

New Zealand mice spontaneously develop antibodies to double-stranded RNA and DNA. The appearance of these antibodies is accelerated by the administration of the synthetic double-stranded RNA, polyinosinic [unk] polycytidylic acid (poly I [unk] poly C). Since poly I [unk] poly C is known to act both as a nucleic acid antigen and as an adjuvant, the mechanism of nucleic acid antibody stimulation was studied to determine which property of poly I [unk] poly C was operative. NZB/NZW mice were made tolerant to poly I [unk] poly C as an antigen with cyclophosphamide. They were then given 10 μg or 150 μg of poly I [unk] poly C three times per week. Tolerant mice given 10 μg of poly I [unk] poly C had acceleration of antibodies to DNA but not RNA. In this case the stimulation of antibodies to DNA appeared to represent the adjuvant property of poly I [unk] poly C. Since non-tolerant but not tolerant mice had stimulation of antibodies to RNA with 10 μg poly I [unk] poly C, this anti-RNA acceleration appears to represent antigenic stimulation. All animals given 150 μg poly I [unk] poly C had stimulation of antibodies to both RNA and DNA, suggesting a predominently adjuvant mechanism. The possible role of antigenic and adjuvant properties of nucleic acids in the natural disease of New Zealand mice is discussed.
Automated volume sampling optimization for direct volume deformation in patient-specific surgical simulation (2009)

Patient-specific, interactive surgical simulation has become a major research direction in the biomedical side of computer graphics. While performing deformation on patients' medical volume data provides a realistic venue to define the most suitable operative strategy, the current simulators rely heavily on human efforts for data preprocessing. Such manual procedures not only require special knowledge from the users, they are tedious and time-consuming. This paper presents a novel volume sampling approach for preoperative planning by automating various conventional data preprocessing procedures. The optimization method is capable of adapting to any volume data and supports heterogeneous tissue characterization such that anatomical surroundings deform together with the deforming organ. In this way, physicians' user experience in surgical manipulation will be greatly improved. Results of the experiments suggested that the presented segmentation-free and modeling-free method is a more efficient and practical approach to interactive medical simulation.
Some magneto-hydrostatic effects in nematic liquid crystals (1970)

This paper discusses static orientation patterns in nematic liquid crystals in the presence of magnetic fields. Some solutions of the equations of a continuum theory are presented, and these suggest experiments for the evaluation of coefficients in the theory due to Frank in 1958.
Geographical perspectives on mapping globalisation. An introduction to the JEG Special Issue 'Mapping globalisation: geographical perspectives on international trade and investment' (2001)

Geographical perspectives on mapping globalisation. An introduction to the JEG Special Issue 'Mapping globalisation: geographical perspectives on international trade and investment' Get access Neil M. Coe, Neil M. Coe Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Henry Wai‐chung Yeung Henry Wai‐chung Yeung Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Economic Geography, Volume 1, Issue 4, 1 October 2001, Pages 367–380, https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/1.4.367 Published: 01 October 2001
Adenine arabinoside monophosphate coupled to lactosaminated human albumin administered for 4 weeks in patients with chronic type B hepatitis decreased viremia without producing significant side effects (1996)

A conjugate of adenine arabinoside monophosphate (ara-AMP) with the liver-targeting molecule lactosaminated human serum albumin (L-HSA) was administered by intravenous infusion for 28 days to eight patients with chronic type B hepatitis. The daily dose varied among the patients, ranging from 34 mg/kg to 53 mg/kg (equal to 1.5 and 2.3 mg/kg ara-AMP, respectively). Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that, at every dose tested, the conjugate was disposed of without accumulation. Viral DNA serum levels fell markedly during treatment; values rose again when treatment was ceased. The L-HSA-ara-AMP conjugate did not cause either the neurotoxic side effects of free ara-AMP or other adverse clinical reactions. It produced a significant increase both in serum alkaline phosphatase activity and platelet number, and a small but significant decrease in erythrocyte number. These laboratory parameters returned to normal levels within 2 months after treatment. The conjugate induced the production of small amounts of antibodies (approximately 20 pmol of conjugate bound by 1 mL of serum) in one patient only. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the L-HSA-ara-AMP conjugate can exert the antiviral activity of ara-AMP in chronic type B hepatitis patients without producing the neurotoxic side effects which hamper a 4-week period of treatment with the free drug.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of An adaptive randomized clinical trial in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome evaluating efficacy of ASP3652 and the relationship between disease characteristics and Hunner's lesions. (2020)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: An adaptive randomized clinical trial in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome evaluating efficacy of ASP3652 and the relationship between disease characteristics and Hunner's lesions.
Self-localization and 3-D model construction of pipe by earthworm robot equipped with omni-directional rangefinder (2011)

A lot of plumbings such as gas pipes and water pipes exist in public utilities, factories and so on. The use of an omni-directional camera which can take images of 360 deg in surroundings at a time is effective for pipe inspection. However, shape measurement is difficult only with the omnidirectional camera. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a reconstruction method of a piping shape by using a rangefinder constructed with an omni-directional camera and an omnidirectional laser. The rangefinder is mounted on an earthworm robot. Our method calculates 3-D coordinates by the light section method. By integrating the 3-D coordinates with the information of camera motion estimated by the structure from motion technique, the shape of the pipe is reconstructed. The validity of the proposed method is shown through experiments.
Scatter correction of vessel dropout behind highly attenuating structures in 4D-DSA (2015)

In Computed Tomographic (CT) image reconstruction for 4 dimensional digital subtraction angiography (4D-DSA), loss of vessel contrast has been observed behind highly attenuating anatomy, such as large contrast filled aneurysms. Although this typically occurs only in a limited range of projection angles, the observed contrast time course can be altered. In this work we propose an algorithm to correct for highly attenuating anatomy within the fill projection data, i.e. aneurysms. The algorithm uses a 3D-SA volume to create a correction volume that is multiplied by the 4D-DSA volume in order to correct for signal dropout within the 4D-DSA volume. The algorithm was designed to correct for highly attenuating material in the fill volume only, however with alterations to a single step of the algorithm, artifacts due to highly attenuating materials in the mask volume (i.e. dental implants) can be mitigated as well. We successfully applied our algorithm to a case of vessel dropout due to the presence of a large attenuating aneurysm. The performance was qualified visually as the affected vessel no longer dropped out on corrected 4D-DSA time frames. The correction was quantified by plotting the signal intensity along the vessel. Our analysis demonstrated our correction does not alter vessel signal values outside of the vessel dropout region but does increase the vessel values within the dropout region as expected. We have demonstrated that this correction algorithm acts to correct vessel dropout in areas with highly attenuating materials.
Which patients with aortic stenosis should be referred to surgery rather than transcatheter aortic valve implantation? (2022)

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has matured into a standard treatment option for patients with severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis (AS) across the whole spectrum of risk. The advances in the interventional treatment of AS raise the question of which patients with severe AS should be referred to surgery. The myriad of clinical permutations does not allow providing a single, uniform treatment strategy. Rather, the advent of TAVI along with established surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) fundamentally enforces the role of the multidisciplinary heart team for decision-making recommending the best individual choice of the two options based on a thorough review of clinical and anatomical factors as well as lifetime management considerations. Involvement of the informed patient expressing treatment preferences is a key for a shared decision-making process. Herein, we provide an in-depth review of evidence informing the decision-making process between TAVI and SAVR and key elements for treatment selection. Special attention is given to the populations that have been excluded from randomized clinical trials, and also lifetime management strategies of patients with severe AS are proposed.
Characterizing the Metal Adsorption Capability of a Class F Coal Fly Ash (2004)

The surface physical-chemical characteristics of a class F coal fly ash were studied in an effort to establish a quantitative understanding of metal adsorption. The ash surface acidity (acid site density and acidity constant), surface electrical characteristics, and adsorption constants for selected heavy metal ions were determined using a batch titration method, an electrophoretic method, and a batch equilibrium metal adsorption method, respectively. Results showed that the fly ash has a pHzpc value of 6.2. Its surface contains three types of acid sites. The densities of these acid sites are 2.1 x 10(-4), 1.8 x 10(-5), and 5.3 x 10(-5) mol/g, with acidity constants (pK(H)) of 2.7, 7.8, and 11.0, respectively. Metal adsorption results indicated that, of the three types of acid sites on surface, only the acid site with 7.8 pK(H) is responsible for metal adsorption. The adsorption constants (log K(S)) of Cd(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) are 4.8, 7.0, 6.4, 4.9, and 8.6, respectively. Adsorption results indicated that the metal adsorption is in the linear range of the Langmuir isotherm if the total metal in the system is less than 10% of the total metal binding site. Results also showed that the presence of anionic metal ions does not affect the adsorption of cationic metal ions by the fly ash.
Three-dimensional alignment of the aggregated myocytes in the normal and hypertrophic murine heart (2009)

Several observations suggest that the transmission of myocardial forces is influenced in part by the spatial arrangement of the myocytes aggregated together within ventricular mass. Our aim was to assess, using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI), any differences in the three-dimensional arrangement of these myocytes in the normal heart compared with the hypertrophic murine myocardium. We induced ventricular hypertrophy in seven mice by infusion of angiotensin II through a subcutaneous pump, with seven other mice serving as controls. DT-MRI of explanted hearts was performed at 3.0 Tesla. We used the primary eigenvector in each voxel to determine the three-dimensional orientation of aggregated myocytes in respect to their helical angles and their transmural courses (intruding angles). Compared with controls, the hypertrophic hearts showed significant increases in myocardial mass and the outer radius of the left ventricular chamber (P < 0.05). In both groups, a significant change was noted from positive intruding angles at the base to negative angles at the ventricular apex (P < 0.01). Compared with controls, the hypertrophied hearts had significantly larger intruding angles of the aggregated myocytes, notably in the apical and basal slices (P < 0.001). In both groups, the helical angles were greatest in midventricular sections, albeit with significantly smaller angles in the mice with hypertrophied myocardium (P < 0.01). The use of DT-MRI revealed significant differences in helix and intruding angles of the myocytes in the mice with hypertrophied myocardium.
GESTION INTELLIGENTE DE CARREFOURS PAR CAMERA VIDEO - 95% DES FRANCHISSEMENTS DES FEUX ROUGES EN MOINS (2004)

Cet article est la presentation d'une realisation de gestion intelligente de carrefours par camera video et analyse d'images de la societe HCIS, en Alsace (F) dans la ville de Riedisheim. Le but est de gerer le trafic avec une strategie d'anti-blocage. Ceci augmente la capacite des carrefours de 20% aux heures de pointe, fait gagner du temps aux automobilistes, reduit les infractions de 95% et diminue la pollution. (Titre en anglais et en espagnol : Intelligent management of intersections by video camera-95% reduction in red light violations - Gestion inteligente de interseccion mediante camara video-un 95% de franqueos de semaforos menos)
Zur Deckung des zukünftigen Spitzenbedarfs elektrischer Energie mittels elektrochemischer Energiespeicher (1974)

Abstract Die Zunahme des Energieverbrauchs erzeugt durch ein zugleich übermäßiges Wachstum des privaten Sektors einen Engpaß in der Deckung des zukünftigen Spitzenleistungsbedarfs. Die Verwendung geeigneter elektrochemischer Speichersysteme könnte dazu beitragen, die Leistungskrise zu dämpfen, fossile Brennstoffe für Spitzenlastwerke einzusparen, die Grundlastanlagen wirtschaftlicher auszunutzen und sowohl die Umweltbeeinträchtigung als auch die Kosten der elektrischen Energie zu verringern. Eine kritische Beurteilung der Kenndaten verschiedener Sekundärbatteriesysteme anhand technischer und wirtschaftlicher Kriterien zeigt, daß gewisse Hochtemperatur‐ und Redox‐Lösungssysteme zur Spitzenbedarfsdeckung benutzt werden können, ihr Platz in der Energieversorgung jedoch erst durch die künftigen Entwicklungsergebnisse bestimmt wird.
Solvent‐Dependent Facile Synthesis of Diaryl Selenides and Biphenols Employing Selenium Dioxide (2015)

Biphenols are important structure motifs for ligand systems in organic catalysis and are therefore included in the category of so-called "privileged ligands". We have developed a new synthetic pathway to construct these structures by the use of selenium dioxide, a stable, powerful, and commercially available oxidizer. Our new, and easy to perform protocol gives rise to biphenols and diaryl selenides depending on the solvent employed. Oxidative treatment of phenols in acetic acid yields the corresponding biphenols, whereas conversion in pyridine results in the preferred formation of diaryl selenides. As a consequence, we were able to isolate a broad scope of novel diaryl selenides, which could act as pincer-like ligands with further applications in organic synthesis or as ligands in transition metal catalysis.
Regulation of nucleolus assembly by non-coding RNA polymerase II transcripts (2016)

The nucleolus is a nuclear subcompartment for tightly regulated rRNA production and ribosome subunit biogenesis. It also acts as a cellular stress sensor and can release enriched factors in response to cellular stimuli. Accordingly, the content and structure of the nucleolus change dynamically, which is particularly evident during cell cycle progression: the nucleolus completely disassembles during mitosis and reassembles in interphase. Although the mechanisms that drive nucleolar (re)organization have been the subject of a number of studies, they are only partly understood. Recently, we identified Alu element-containing RNA polymerase II transcripts (aluRNAs) as important for nucleolar structure and rRNA synthesis. Integrating these findings with studies on the liquid droplet-like nature of the nucleolus leads us to propose a model on how RNA polymerase II transcripts could regulate the assembly of the nucleolus in response to external stimuli and during cell cycle progression.
Protective Effect of Post-Ischaemic Viral Delivery of Heat Shock Proteins in vivo (2008)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) function as molecular chaperones involved in protein folding, transport and degradation and, in addition, they can promote cell survival both in vitro and in vivo after a range of stresses. Although some in vivo studies have suggested that HSP27 and HSP70 can be neuroprotective, current evidence is limited, particularly when HSPs have been delivered after an insult. The effect of overexpressing HSPs after transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats was investigated by delivering an attenuated herpes simplex viral vector (HSV-1) engineered to express HSP27 or HSP70 30 mins after tissue reperfusion. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were used to determine lesion size and cerebral blood flow at six different time points up to 1 month after stroke. Animals underwent two sensorimotor tests at the same time points to assess the relationship between lesion size and function. Results indicate that post-ischaemic viral delivery of HSP27, but not of HSP70, caused a statistically significant reduction in lesion size and induced a significant behavioural improvement compared with controls. This is the first evidence of effective post-ischaemic gene therapy with a viral vector expressing HSP27 in an experimental model of stroke.
Back to the future (1997)

Squeak is an open, highly-portable Smalltalk implementation whose virtual machine is written entirely in Smalltalk, making it easy to. debug, analyze, and change. To achieve practical performance, a translator produces an equivalent C program whose performance is comparable to commercial Smalltalks.Other noteworthy aspects of Squeak include: a compact object format that typically requires only a single word of overhead per object; a simple yet efficient incremental garbage collector for 32-bit direct pointers; efficient bulk-mutation of objects; extensions of BitBlt to handle color of any depth and anti-aliased image rotation and scaling; and real-time sound and music synthesis written entirely in Smalltalk.
Control for a self-contained microcomputer-controlled above-knee prosthesis (1992)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1992.
Discovery of crystalline inclusions in Bacillus licheniformis that resemble parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis (2007)

Crystalline inclusions were discovered in stationary and sporulating cells of the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945a. As detected by electron microscopy, dying or sporulating bacterial cells contain a single crystal of strikingly large size. The crystals in sporulating cells are located next to nascent spores and can be several times larger than the spores. Morphologically, most crystals are rhomboid with uniformly spaced grids. These newly discovered crystalline inclusions of B. licheniformis closely resemble parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis that are formed by insecticidal toxin proteins and used widely as biopesticides. The taxonomic identity of this strain was verified by its 16S rRNA gene sequence and its fatty acid profile. The finding of crystal proteins in B. licheniformis may lead to the discovery of new protein toxins and may expand our pool of biopesticides.