gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INTELLIGENT PULMONARY EMBOLISM DETECTION SYSTEM (2012)

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of the main artery of the lung or one of its branches by a substance that has travelled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream. Most of the traditional PE detection methods depend on the professional physician's judgment. Serious PE will lead to death. Therefore, diagnosis of PE is very important. In this paper, we develop an automatic PE detection system for relieving doctor's load. It is divided into five parts — preprocessing, finding pulmonary, vessel searching, vessel tracking and evaluation. In the finding pulmonary part, we use active contour model (ACM) to extract pulmonary area. Next, we use cubic curve contrast enhancement method to enhance the contrast of branch vessel image. Its objective is to highlight the embolism area in the branch vessel. And, in the main vessel searching, we employ k-means algorithm and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to find the main vessel part. Moreover, we propose an effective vessel tracking method to achieve vessel tracking. Finally, we invite three radiologists to help us evaluate the performance of our proposed system and to obtain the ground truth image of our system. We can calculate the precision rate of our system according to these ground truth images. The experimental results show that a total of 62 false positives were obtained for the 16 cases. It means that the ratio of FP/DS is 3.875. At 3.875 FP/DS, the classification successful rate of our system is about 83% in main vessel detection and 82.6% precision rate in branch vessel detection. Finally, our system can relieve doctor's load according to the result of questionnaire analysis.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of a Functional Snake Venom Serine Proteinase, with Platelet Aggregating Activity, from the Cerastes cerastes Viper, (2003)

The venoms of Viperidae snakes contain numerous serine proteinases that have been recognized to possess one or more of the essential activities of thrombin on fibrinogen and platelets. Among them, a platelet proaggregant protein, cerastocytin, has been isolated from the venom of the Tunisian viper Cerastes cerastes. Using the RACE-PCR technique, we isolated and identified the complete nucleotide sequence of a cDNA serine proteinase precursor. The recombinant protein was designated rCC-PPP (for C. cerastes platelet proaggregant protein), since its deduced amino acid sequence is more than 96% identical to the partial polypeptide sequences that have been determined for natural cerastocytin. The structure of the rCC-PPP cDNA is similar to that of snake venom serine proteinases. The expression of rCC-PPP in Escherichia coli system allowed, for the first time, the preparation and purification of an active protein from snake venom with platelet proaggregant and fibrinogenolytic activities. Purified rCC-PPP efficiently activates blood platelets at nanomolar (8 nM) concentrations, as do natural cerastocytin (5 nM) and thrombin (1 nM). It is able to clot purified fibrinogen and to hydrolyze α-chains. Thus, rCC-PPP could be therefore considered a cerastocytin isoform. By comparison with other snake venom serine proteinases, a Gly replaces the conserved Cys42. This implies that rCC-PPP lacks the conserved Cys42−Cys58 disulfide bridge. A structural analysis performed by molecular modeling indicated that the segment of residues Tyr67−Arg80 of rCC-PPP corresponds to anion-binding exosite 1 of thrombin that is involved in its capacity to induce platelet aggregation. Furthermore, the surface of the rCC-PPP molecule is characterized by a hydrophobic pocket, comprising the 90 loop (Phe90−Val99), Tyr172, and Trp215 residues, which might be involved in the fibrinogen clotting activity of rCC-PPP.
A design and experimental results of the OS-280M optical submarine repeater circuits (1984)

This paper describes the design philosophy and the experimental results of the optical submarine repeater for the OS-280M optical fiber submarine cable system to be installed across the ocean. This repeater which employs the information rate of 280 Mbit/s, the optical wavelength of 1.3 μ, and is implemented with monolithic ICs, features high reliability, long repeater spans, and the supervisory systems. The test results show that the average optical output power is - 1.4 dBm for the mark density of 1/2, the minimum average power of the optical input for the BER 10 is about -38 dBm at the room temperature, and other specifications are also well satisfied.
Amelioration of ischaemic cerebral oedema by a free radical scavenger, AVS: 1,2-bis(nicotinamido)-propane. An experimental study using a regional ischaemia model in cats (1984)

The effect of a free radical scavenger, AVS: 1,2-bis(nicotinamido)-propane, on the blood flow, oedema, and energy metabolites in the cortical area rendered ischaemic by the occlusion of the middle and the internal cerebral arteries was studied using cats. The development of cortical oedema was assessed by the changes in the specific gravity as well as the water and electrolyte contents of the cortical samples obtained 4 h after the arterial occlusion. Compared to the control group receiving saline, the AVS group exhibited a significant amelioration of cortical oedema, whereas no effect of AVS on the cortical blood flow was observed. The decrease of the energy charge and the increase of lactate in the ischaemic cortical area were less pronounced in the AVS groups. These data indicate that AVS possesses an action to mitigate the development of cortical oedema following regional ischaemia. The possible mechanism of action of AVS is discussed in reference to the free radical hypothesis.
Introduction (2010)

This book is predicated on the relatively uncontentious notions that discourse patterns – what people do when they talk or write – can provide trained observers with information about cognitive functions and affective states in speakers and, further, that cognitive functions and affective states may be signs of integrity of neurological function and structure. Neurolinguists, psycholinguists, aphasiologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists and speech pathologists all take some variation on assumptions like this as their point of departure in studying brain–behaviour relationships and treating some neurological and affective disorders. However, discourse – people's talk and text – is inherently complex and apparently unstable and, worse, the neurological substrate and processes that support even superficially simple things like ‘how words are represented in the brain’, let alone ‘what happens in brains when people talk’ are matters of active debate and investigation rather than scientific givens. In the face of so much uncertainty and complexity, most of the work done on language–brain relationships has, very sensibly, centred on theoretically discrete and/or methodologically isolatable phenomena associated with particular semantic, morphosyntactic or phonological structures or processes. Work on discourse in clinical environments as another means of investigating neurocognitive (dys-)function, although often called for, has been less common.
Longitudinal analysis of gene expression profiles using functional mixed-effects models (2013)

In many longitudinal microarray studies, the gene expression levels in a random sample are observed repeatedly over time under two or more conditions. The resulting time courses are generally very short, high-dimensional, and may have missing values. Moreover, for every gene, a certain amount of variability in the temporal profiles, among biological replicates, is generally observed. We propose a functional mixed-effects model for estimating the temporal pattern of each gene, which is assumed to be a smooth function. A statistical test based on the distance between the fitted curves is then carried out to detect differential expression. A simulation procedure for assessing the statistical power of our model is also suggested. We evaluate the model performance using both simulations and a real data set investigating the human host response to BCG exposure.
Membrane compression by synaptic vesicle exocytosis triggers ultrafast endocytosis (2022)

Abstract Compensatory endocytosis keeps the surface area of secretory cells constant following exocytosis. At chemical synapses, clathrin-independent ultrafast endocytosis maintains such homeostasis. This endocytic pathway is temporally and spatially coupled to exocytosis, initiating within 50 ms at the region immediately next to where vesicles fuse: the active zone. How synaptic vesicle exocytosis induces ultrafast endocytosis is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that actin filaments are enriched in the region surrounding active zone at mouse hippocampal synapses and that the membrane area conservation due to this actin corral is necessary for exo-endocytic coupling. Simulations suggest that flattening of fused vesicles exerts lateral membrane pressure in the plasma membrane against the actin corral, resulting in rapid formation of endocytic pits at the border between the active zone and the surrounding actin-enriched region. Consistent with our simulations, ultrafast endocytosis does not initiate when actin organization is disrupted, either pharmacologically or by ablation of the actin-binding protein Epsin1. These data suggest that endocytosis is mechanically coupled to exocytosis at synapses.
Rational Function Fitting of Electromagnetic Transfer Functions of Interconnect Structures via Extrapolation in Time and Interpolation in Frequency (2006)

A new methodology is proposed for the rational function fitting of transfer functions of passive electromagnetic devices from numerically obtained and/or measured frequency-domain and time-domain response data. The proposed methodology combines the frequency-domain vector fitting process VECTFIT with its time-domain analog TDVF to yield a robust and versatile fitting algorithm for producing a rational function, broadband fit of the device response. The accuracy of the resulting algorithm is demonstrated through its application to the fitting of the admittance matrix of a lossy multi-conductor transmission line system.
Thermal-cyclic atomic layer etching of cobalt with smooth etched surface by plasma oxidation and organometallization (2022)

Thermal-cyclic atomic layer etching of a Co film and a fine pattern with a smooth etched surface by plasma oxidation and organometallization is demonstrated. One cycle of the etching process consists of a two-temperature process. In the first step, plasma oxidation of Co is carried out at a low temperature of 25 °C to obtain a smooth Co oxide layer. In the second step, the Co oxide is organometallized with acetylacetone and desorbs at a high temperature of 210 °C that is suitable for organometallization and desorption. The etched amount per cycle is 0.6 nm, which is the same as the saturation amount of oxidation. A smooth etched surface is obtained after 20 cycles with a root mean square roughness of 0.53 nm, which is only slightly higher than the initial value of 0.34 nm. High etching selectivity over barrier metal of titanium-nitride was obtained. The two-step temperature cycle is crucial to achieve favorable etching with smooth etched surfaces.
Reduction of cross-phase-modulation-induced crosstalk by using chirped fiber grating in WDM AM-VSB CATV transmission systems (2003)

Cross talk induced by cross-phase modulation (XPM) in a 1.55-/spl mu/m WDM CATV transport system can be effectively improved, theoretically and experimentally, from -55.4 dBc to 69.8 dBc by using the chirped fiber grating and polarization control technique.
Visible chiral discrimination via macroscopic selective assembly (2018)

Abstract The transfer of chirality from individual molecules to macroscopic objects, and the recognition of chirality on the macroscopic scale have potential for many practical applications, but they are still key challenges for the chiral research community. Here we present a strategy for visible chiral recognition by macroscopic assembly using polyacrylamide-based gels modified with β-cyclodextrin (βCD-gel) and d - or l -tryptophan (homochiral d - or l -Trp-gel), which differs from most methods reported, e.g., colorimetric or chromogenic methods, fluorescence, gel formation and collapse. The circular dichroism spectra demonstrate that the chirality of Trp molecules is successfully transferred and amplified in the corresponding Trp-gels. The chirality of the d - and l -Trp-gels is macroscopically recognized by the βCD-gel selectivity in aqueous NaCl through the amplification of interfacial enantioselective host–guest interactions.
Infrared vibrational circular dichroism of alanine in the mid-infrared region: isotopic effects (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared vibrational circular dichroism of alanine in the mid-infrared region: isotopic effectsMax. DiemCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 21, 6967–6970Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00229a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00229a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Deep brain stimulation: how does it work? (2008)

Deep brain stimulation has significantly improved the motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and other movement disorders. The mechanisms responsible for these improvements continue to be explored. Inhibition at the site of stimulation has been the prevailing explanation for the symptom improvement observed with deep brain stimulation. Research using microelectrode recording during deep brain stimulation in the MPTP monkey model of PD has helped clarify how electrical stimulation of structures within the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit improves motor symptoms, and suggests that activation of output and the resultant change in pattern of neuronal activity that permeates throughout the basal ganglia motor circuit is the mechanism responsible for symptom improvement.
DEFINED MEDIUM FOR MYCOPLASMA LAIDLAW II (1964)

Tourtellotte, Mark E. (University of Connecticut, Storrs), Harold J. Morowitz, and Phil Kasimer. Defined medium for Mycoplasma laidlawii. J. Bacteriol. 88:11-15. 1964.-A defined medium for the pleuropneumonia-like organism Mycoplasma laidlawii B is described in which absolute requirements for coenzyme A and longchain fatty acids were demonstrated. This organism did not require cholesterol or macromolecules of high molecular weight, but did show a growth requirement for peptides. Optimal growth in the basal medium was obtained in the presence of two purified peptides from crystalline ribonuclease, one of which has the amino acid sequence threonine - threonine - glutamine - alanine - asparagine-lysine, and the other lysine-glutamic acid-threonine-alanine-alanine-alanine-lysine. Continuous, but suboptimal, growth was obtained with the single ribonuclease peptide: lysine-glutamic acid-threonine-alanine-alanine-alanine-lysine.
On Refining the Relationship between Aspect Ratio and Percolation Threshold of Practical Carbon Nanotubes/Polymer Nanocomposites (2011)

Four different aspect ratio (AR) based multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT)/thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) polymer nanocomposites were fabricated by melt blending. In contrast to proposed mathematical models, electrical percolation thresholds of resulting nanocomposites displayed an oscillating, non-monotonic relation with increase in AR. Experimental results suggested that mathematically calculated nominal AR of MWNT was an unclear parameter to predict the percolation threshold of polymer nanocomposites. Instead, a more clear approach taking into consideration the diameter and length of nanotubes individually rather as a combined parameter of AR explained fairly well the relation between MWNT dimensions and percolation threshold.
Incidence of aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization in Japanese hospitalized cases did not increase whereas concern factors were exacerbated in a time-dependent manner: analysis of Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) data (2018)

This study aimed i) to investigate about items with high relevance for aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization among cases evaluated using Diagnosis Procedure Combination data, and ii) to determine whether the concern factors for aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization were exacerbated with the trend of the time. The Diagnosis Procedure Combination data were gathered from 2010 through to 2015 with 63,390 cases at Saga University Hospital. The occurrence of concern factors of aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization were compared in the two time periods set (2010-2012 and 2013-2015). The concern factors included: male, age, dysphagia at admission and during hospitalization, use and days in the emergency care unit or high care unit, use of the intensive care unit, and use of an ambulance. Age, dysphagia, and use of the intensive care unit were time-dependently exacerbated. The incidence of aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization in hospitalized cases did not differ between years 2010-2012 and 2013-2015. Aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization complicated with surgery and number days in the emergency care unit or high care unit diminished in years 2013-2015. Despite an increased concern of aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization, the complication rate of aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization did not increase.
Trends in quality of screening colonoscopy in Austria (2016)

Correction to: Trends in quality of screening colonoscopy in AustriaEndoscopy 2016; 48(12): 1102-1109DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-113185
Effect of fatty acid supplementation on growth and differentiation of human IMR‐32 neuroblastoma cells in vitro (2001)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids play a critical role in the structure and function of the developing nervous system. It has been proposed that fatty acids may effect a variety of biologic processes through the activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs)-ligand activated transcription factors. In this report, we demonstrate that fatty acids can inhibit the proliferation of the human neuronal cell line IMR-32. The fatty acids linoleate, alpha-linoleate, arachidonate, docosahexaenoate, and oleate all inhibited [(3)H]thymidine incorporation of IMR-32 cells after 72 h. Fatty acid supplementation also led to the morphologic differentiation of the IMR-32 cells. Linoleate and arachidonate, fatty acids of the n-6 series, induced the most extensive differentiation. Furthermore, the addition of fatty acids to IMR-32 cells led to PPAR activation, suggesting that PPAR activation may be an important event in fatty acid modulation of IMR-32 cell growth. In support of this hypothesis, clofibric acid, a specific ligand of PPARalpha, also inhibited IMR-32 cell proliferation and strongly induced PPAR activation. Together these results suggest that fatty acids may play an important role in the development of neuronal precursor cells and that activation of the PPARs may be one pathway by which fatty acids modulate the growth and differentiation of neuronal precursor cells.
Formulation Development of Stronger and Quick Disintegrating Tablets: A Crucial Effect of Chitin (2010)

A well known superdisintegrant like croscarmellose sodium or crospovidone loses their quick disintegration property when compressed at more than 4 kg tablet crushing strength (TCS). Therefore, the objective of the present work was to develop a disintegrating system that could be used for preparing fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs) of highly water soluble drug, metoclopramide, without compromising on the mechanical strength, irrespective of the TCS used for compressing the granules. For this purpose disintegrating system consisting of chitosan-alginate (CTN-ALG) complex (1:1): glycine and chitin was developed. The results revealed that when CTN-ALG and glycine were mixed in the ratio of 30:70, the granules exhibited a minimum water sorption time and maximum effective pore radius (R(eff.p)). The addition of chitin (5-10% w/w) into this mixture further enhanced the R(eff.p). Further, increase in the concentration of chitin from 10% to 20% w/w did not produce any significant effect (p>0.05) on the R(eff.p). The FDTs prepared by using CTN-ALG:glycine (30:70) and chitin exhibited increased porosity and lower disintegration time (DT). Further, chitin was found to neutralize the effect of TCS on DT of FDTs. This property of chitin was also observed in FDTs prepared by using croscarmellose sodium (5% w/w) or crospovidone (5% w/w). The reduction in DT of FDTs by chitin was also observed in tablets prepared without the drug. Hence, the effect was not influenced by the solubility component present in the tablets. Overall, the results suggested incorporation of chitin (5-10% w/w) while preparing FDTs of metoclopramide to enhanced the disintegration without compromising their mechanical strength of the tablets.
Detection of Sub-Picoliter-per-Minute Flows by Electrochemical Autocorrelation Spectroscopy (2012)

This paper reports on electrochemical autocorrelation spectroscopy as a technique to detect ultra-low liquid flow rates as well as to generally study transport of small amounts of molecules in a nanofluidic channel. The molecules undergo pronounced number fluctuations due to Brownian motion. We measure these fluctuations electrically using nanogap transducers embedded in the walls of a nanochannel. When liquid is driven through the channel, also the fluctuations are transported at the same velocity, which we detect by performing an autocorrelation analysis of current-time traces obtained at the detector. Thereby we are able to determine record-low flow rates below 1 pL/min.