gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convolutional neural network-based wind-induced response estimation model for tall buildings (2019)

This study presents a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based response estimation model for structural health monitoring (SHM) of tall buildings subject to wind loads. In this model, the wind-induced responses are estimated by CNN trained with previously measured sensor signals; this enables the SHM system to operate stably even when a sensor fault or data loss occurs. In the presented model, top-level wind-induced displacement in the time and frequency domains, and wind data in the frequency domain are configured into the input map of the CNN to reflect the resisting capacity of a tall building, the change in the dynamic characteristics of the building due to wind loads, and the relationship between wind load and the building. To evaluate stress, which is used as a safety indicator for structural members in the building, the maximum and minimum strains of columns are set as the output layer of the CNN. The CNN is trained using measured wind and wind response data to predict the column strains during a future wind load. The presented model is validated using data from a wind tunnel test of a building model. The performance of the presented model is verified through strain estimation with data that were not used in the CNN training. To assess the validity of the presented input map configuration, the estimation performance is compared with a CNN that considered only the time domain responses as input. Furthermore, the effects of the variations in the configuration of the CNN on the wind response estimation performance are examined.
Diabetes Complications and the Renin–Angiotensin System (2009)

The hypothesis that inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system may be effective in preventing diabetic nephropathy was based on a large body of evidence.1 Positive findings from studies in animal models and subsequent clinical trials fostered enthusiastic hope that systematic use of agents blocking the renin–angiotensin system in the management of diabetic nephropathy would reduce the risk of end-stage renal disease.24 Out of such studies was born a concept that gained wide acceptance: inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system in patients with diabetes is beneficial with regard to both early and advanced stages of nephropathy. As an extension, studies were initiated . . .
Développer l’autonomie et l’initiative en EPS pour oser s’engager. (2014)

Ce memoire a pour thematique le developpement de l’autonomie et de l’initiative en Education Physique et Sportive pour des eleves presentant des troubles des fonctions cognitives. Il se compose de trois parties : une presentation du contexte d’enseignement et des eleves a besoins educatifs particuliers ; des apports theoriques sur le sujet ; les adaptations mises en place lors de cycles d’escalade et de tennis de table.
Intrahepatic cytokine expression is downregulated during HCV/HIV co-infection (2005)

HIV co-infection is associated with reduced HCV treatment response rates and accelerated HCV-related liver disease. Cytokines play an important role in regulating hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis during chronic HCV infection, yet the roles of HIV and/or its therapies on cytokine expression are unknown. Total RNA was extracted from liver biopsies of 12 HCV mono-infected and 14 HCV/HIV co-infected persons. We used real-time PCR to quantify cytokines that contribute to innate and adaptive immune responses, including IFNalpha, IFNgamma, TNFalpha, TGFbeta(1), IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p40. Positive- and negative-strand HCV RNA levels were quantified using a molecular beacon approach. Detection of positive-strand HCV RNA was 100% in both groups; negative-strand HCV RNA was detected in four (33%) HCV mono-infected persons and in nine (64%) HCV/HIV co-infected persons. Median strand-specific HCV RNA levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Detection rates of cytokine mRNAs were lower for the HCV/HIV co-infected group compared to the HCV mono-infected group; the detection rates for TNFalpha, IL-8, and IL-10 were statistically significant. Overall, cytokine mRNA quantities were lower for HCV/HIV co-infected compared to HCV mono-infected persons, with the exception of TGFbeta1. These data suggest that a defect in cytokine activation may occur in HCV/HIV co-infected persons that limits efficient clearance of HCV from the liver.
Negative and positive site-site interactions, and their modulation by pH, insulin analogs, and monoclonal antibodies, are preserved in the purified insulin receptor. (1988)

The kinetic properties of the insulin receptor were studied in solution after its purification to homogeneity. Dissociation of 125I-labeled insulin at a 1:50 dilution was not first order; unlabeled insulin at physiological concentrations accelerated the dissociation rate with a maximal effect at approximately 17 nM. At higher concentrations, the unlabeled insulin slowed the dissociation rate. Maximal acceleration was seen at pH 8.0. The ability to accelerate the dissociation rate was diminished with [LeuB24]insulin and suppressed with desoctapeptide, [LeuB25], [LeuB24,B25], desalanine-desasparagine, and desheptapeptide insulins, all of which slowed the dissociation at high concentrations. Monoclonal antibodies to the insulin receptor alpha subunit (MA-5, MA-10, MA-20, and MA-51) all competed for insulin binding to the purified receptor. MA-10 and MA-51 accelerated the dissociation of 125I-labeled insulin, while MA-5 and MA-20 slowed the off rate. Thus, all the aspects of both negatively and positively cooperative site-site interactions previously described in whole cells are present in solubilized purified receptors, demonstrating that these interactions represent intrinsic properties of the receptor molecule, most likely as a result of ligand-induced conformational changes.
Amplitude and phase (1990)

This chapter deals with the effects of ionospheric propagation on a radio signal&apos;s amplitude and phase structure. Radio signal attenuation in terms of losses e.g. power loss and spatial losses are discussed together with ionospheric absorption and its temporal and spatial variations. Polarization matching and fading are also included. Radio signal frequency in relation to its phase is also given focus. Ionospheric drifts, traveling ionospheric disturbances, acoustic-gravity waves, and nonreciprocal phenomena are also discussed.
Modeling the impact of COPD on the brain (2008)

Previous studies have shown that COPD adversely affects distant organs and body systems, including the brain. This pilot study aims to model the relationships between respiratory insufficiency and domains related to brain function, including low mood, subtly impaired cognition, systemic inflammation, and brain structural and neurochemical abnormalities. Nine healthy controls were compared with 18 age- and education-matched medically stable-COPD patients, half of whom were oxygen-dependent. Measures included depression, anxiety, cognition, health status, spirometry, oximetry at rest and during 6-minute walk, and resting plasma cytokines and soluble receptors, brain MRI, and MR spectroscopy in regions relevant to mood and cognition. ANOVA was used to compare controls with patients and with COPD subgroups (oxygen users [n = 9] and nonusers [n = 9]), and only variables showing group differences at p < or = 0.05 were included in multiple regressions controlling for age, gender, and education to develop the final model. Controls and COPD patients differed significantly in global cognition and memory, mood, and soluble TNFR1 levels but not brain structural or neurochemical measures. Multiple regressions identified pathways linking disease severity with impaired performance on sensitive cognitive processing measures, mediated through oxygen dependence, and with systemic inflammation (TNFR1), related through poor 6-minute walk performance. Oxygen desaturation with activity was related to indicators of brain tissue damage (increased frontal choline, which in turn was associated with subcortical white matter attenuation). This empirically derived model provides a conceptual framework for future studies of clinical interventions to protect the brain in patients with COPD, such as earlier oxygen supplementation for patients with desaturation during everyday activities.
Complete β-oxidation of valproate: cleavage of 3-oxovalproyl-CoA by a mitochondrial 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase (2002)

The beta-oxidation of valproic acid (VPA; 2-n-propylpentanoic acid) was investigated in vitro in intact rat liver mitochondria incubated with (3)H-labelled VPA. The metabolism of [4,5-(3)H(2)]VPA and [2-(3)H]VPA was studied by analysing the different acyl-CoA intermediates formed by reverse-phase HPLC with radiochemical detection. Valproyl-CoA, Delta(2(E))-valproyl-CoA,3-hydroxyvalproyl-CoA and 3-oxovalproyl-CoA (labelled and non-labelled) were determined using continuous on-line radiochemical and UV detection. The formation of these intermediates was investigated using the two tritiated precursors in respiratory states 3 and 4. Valproyl-CoA was present at highest concentrations under both conditions. Two distinct labelled peaks were found, which were identified as (3)H(2)O and [4,5-(3)H(2)]3-oxo-VPA. The formation of (3)H(2)O strongly suggested that VPA underwent complete beta-oxidation and that [4,5-(3)H(2)]3-oxo-VPA was formed by hydrolysis of the corresponding thioester. The hypothesis that 3-oxovalproyl-CoA undergoes thiolytic cleavage was investigated further. For this purpose a mito chondrial lysate was incubated with synthetic 3-oxovalproyl-CoA, carnitine and carnitine acetyltransferase for subsequent monitoring of the formation of propionylcarnitine and pentanoylcarnitine using electrospray ionization tandem MS. The detection of these compounds demonstrated unequivocally that the intermediate 3-oxovalproyl-CoA is a substrate of a mitochondrial thiolase, producing propionyl-CoA and pentanoyl-CoA, thus demonstrating the complete beta-oxidation of VPA in the mitochondrion. Our data should lead to a re-evaluation of the generally accepted concept that the biotransformation of VPA by mitochondrial beta-oxidation is incomplete.
Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 in squamous carcinogenesis of the esophagus. (2000)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in various types of human malignancies including squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the esophagus, but little is known about COX-2 expression in premalignant esophageal squamous dysplasia. To elucidate the role of COX-2 in esophageal carcinogenesis, we examined the expression of this enzyme in normal squamous epithelium (n = 42), squamous dysplasia [high-grade dysplasia (HGD, n = 41; low-grade dysplasia (LGD, n = 33)]; carcinoma in situ (n = 16), mucosal invasive carcinoma (n = 18), and advanced SCC (n = 45). Immunohistochemistry showed a significantly high COX-2 expression in HGD compared with other lesions. The COX-2 score, an index determined by intensity and positivity of COX-2 staining (maximum 3.0), was 0.29 +/- 0.04 in normal esophagus, 1.75 +/- 0.11 in LGD, 2.89 +/- 0.05 in HGD, 2.17 +/-0.18 in CIS, 1.95 +/- 0.22 in mucosal invasive carcinoma, and 1.81 +/- 0.08 in advanced SCC. Results of reverse transcription-PCR assays confirmed those obtained by immunohistochemistry. COX-2 expression correlated with proliferation activity assessed by the proliferating cell nuclear antigen index in dysplastic lesions (P = 0.001) but not in SCCs. COX-2 expression in SCC did not correlate with various clinicopathological parameters including prognosis. Our results indicate that COX-2 is a sensitive marker for HGD and suggest that COX-2 may be involved in early stages of squamous carcinogenesis of the esophagus.
Gene-expression analysis reveals that embryonic stem cells cultured under osteogenic conditions produce mineral non-specifically compared to marrow stromal cells or osteoblasts (2012)

Pluripotent cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), divide indefinitely and can differentiate to form mineralised nodules in response to osteogenic supplements. This suggests that they may be used as a cell source for bone replacement strategies. Here, we related the expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic genes in cultures of murine ESCs, marrow stromal cells (MSCs) and calvarial osteoblasts (OBs) cultured under osteogenic conditions to the biochemical composition and quantity of mineral formed. Mineralisation, measured by calcium sequestration, was >2-fold greater in ESC cultures than in either MSCs or OBs. Micro-Raman spectroscopy and spectral mapping revealed a lower mineral-to-matrix ratio and confirmed a more diffuse pattern of mineralisation in ESCs compared to MSCs and OBs. Baseline expression of chondrogenic and osteogenic genes was between 1 and 4 orders of magnitude greater in MSCs and OBs than in ESCs. Osteogenic culture of MSCs and OBs was accompanied by increases in osteogenic gene expression by factors of ~100 compared to only ~10 in ESCs. Consequentially, peak expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic genes was greater in MSCs and OBs than ESCs by factors of 100-1000, despite the fact that mineralisation was more extensive in ESCs than either MSCs or OBs. We also observed significant cell death in ESC nodules. We conclude that the mineralised material observed in cultures of murine ESCs during osteogenic differentiation may accumulate non-specifically, perhaps in necrotic cell layers, and that thorough characterisation of the tissue formed by ESCs must be achieved before these cells can be considered as a cell source for clinical applications.
Personnel dress code detection algorithm based on convolutional neural network cascade (2020)

In order to solve the problems of the lack of a unified personnel management system and the difficulty of manual supervision in the management of movie theater enterprises, this paper proposes a personnel dress code detection algorithm based on convolutional neural network cascade. The algorithm uses two Retinanet network models to cascade to detect target objects. The first network model detects large target objects, and the second network model performs secondary detection on the detected personnel target objects to detect the personnel's clothing target objects. At the same time, the deep separable convolutional layer is used to replace the conventional convolutional layer in the backbone network of Retinanet network model, which reduces the number of parameters of the network model and improves the detection speed of the algorithm. Finally, an improved regression loss function LIoU is proposed to further improve the detection accuracy of the algorithm. The experimental results show that: on the collected data set, the average detection accuracy (mAP) of the algorithm in this paper reaches 56.9%, and the detection time is 0.083 seconds per frame. And at the same detection speed, the average detection accuracy is improved by 4.9% compared to using a single network model.
Remote Binding Energy in Antibody Catalysis:  Studies of a Catalytically Unoptimized Specificity Pocket (1999)

Binding interactions remote from the hydrolytic reaction center have been probed with substrate and phosphonate transition state analogues to understand how these types of interactions are used to promote catalysis in the 17E8 system. We find that the hapten-generated recogniton pocket in 17E8 has properties that are analogous to those of specificity pockets in enzymes. We have also found that there are specific requirements to form catalytically productive interactions between the side chain and the recognition pocket including conformation, size, and geometry. An additional requirement includes favorable simultaneous interactions between the side chain and binding pocket along with favorable interactions with the oxyanion hole. The 17E8 side chain recognition pocket seems to be less catalytically efficient than analogous pockets in enzymatic systems. The apparent binding energy gained from the methylene−pocket interactions in the 17E8 system is significantly smaller than those observed in natural enzymes. Furthermore, 17E8 does not use specific interactions in the recognition pocket to significantly affect catalytic turnover (kcat) which is thought to be a trait of an unoptimized catalyst. Analysis of the crystal structure of the 17E8·hapten complex has allowed for the identification of differences between the active sites of 17E8 and several proteases. The identified differences give insight to the sources of the inefficient use of binding energy.
Vasopressin and Septic Shock. (1997)

Hypotension as a result of systemic vasodilation is a hallmark of septic shock. Although the precise mechanism of this vasodilation is likely
Durable Response in the Markers of Cholestasis through 18 Months of Open-Label Extension with Obeticholic Acid in Austrian and German Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis (2017)

Obeticholic acid (OCA) is a potent and selective farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist indicated for treatment of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in patients with inadequate response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) or intolerability. This analysis evaluated efficacy and safety of OCA in Austrian and German patients with PBC.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of 1,3,2‐Benzodithiazole S‐Oxides. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The shared genetics of migraine and anxious depression (2010)

Objectives.- To investigate (1) whether shared genetic factors influence migraine and anxious depression; (2) whether the genetic architecture of migraine depends on anxious depression; (3) whether the association between migraine and anxious depression is causal. Background.- Migraine and anxious depression frequently occur together, but little is known about the mechanisms causing this association. Methods.- A twin study was conducted to model the genetic architecture of migraine and anxious depression and the covariance between them. Anxious depression was also added to the model as a moderator variable to examine whether anxious depression affects the genetic architecture of migraine. Causal models were explored with the co-twin control method. Results.- Modest but significant phenotypic (rP = 0.28), genetic (rG = 0.30), and nonshared environmental (rE = 0.26) correlations were found between the 2 traits. Interestingly, the heritability of migraine depended on the level of anxious depression: the higher the anxious depression score, the lower the relative contribution of genetic factors to the individual differences in migraine susceptibility. The observed risk patterns in discordant twins are most consistent with a bidirectional causal relationship. Conclusions.- These findings confirm the genetic association between migraine and anxious depression and are consistent with a syndromic association between the 2 traits. This highlights the importance of taking comorbidity into account in genetic studies of migraine, especially in the context of selection for large-scale genotyping efforts. Genetic studies may be most effective when migraine with and without comorbid anxious depression are treated as separate phenotypes.
Effect of Seed Moisturization and Fungicide Treatment on Final Stand of Low Vigor Shrunken‐2 Sweet Corn Inbreds (1992)

Seed moisturization and fungicide treatments were evaluated as methods to improve sweet corn ( Zea mays L.) stand establishment. Seed of three shrunken‐2 ( sh‐2,Su ), three double mutant ( sh‐2,su ), one sugary ( Sh‐2,su ), and one dent ( Sh‐2,Su ) inbreds were treated with captan (cis‐N‐Trichloromethylthio‐4‐cyclohexene‐1, 2‐dicarboximide), captan/imazalil (1‐[2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl) ‐2‐(2‐propenyloxy)ethyl]‐1H‐imidazole) a blank (no fungicide) formulation, or left untreated. Samples of each fungicide treatment were adjusted to 6 to 7% and 14 to 15% H 2 O prior to planting once in 1987 and twice in 1988. Stressful conditions were created by irrigating immediately after planting. Captan increased stand by up to 30%. Captan plus imazalil improved stand over captan alone by up to 36% only in the sh‐2,su lines. Moisturization did not interact with fungicide treatment. Moisturization had no effect in the 29 Apr. 1987 planting, but reduced final stand by 6% in the 15 June 1988 planting. In the 18 Apr. 1988 planting, under cooler conditions, moisturization improved stand by 16% in one, and decreased stand by 4% in another sh‐2,su line. The results show that moisturization was not beneficial for sweet corn inbreds emerging under a wide range of conditions.
A New Enzyme Preparation Containing Polysaccharide Monooxygenase and β-Glucosidase—Synergistic Additives to Cellulases (2022)

Based on the recipient strain of Penicillium verruculosum B1-537 (ΔniaD) using the promoter of the cellobiohydrolase I gene, a producer of homologous lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (PMO) and heterologous β-glucosidase Aspergillus niger (BG), auxiliary enzymes for the “basic” cellulase complex consisting of endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolase, was obtained. The enzyme preparation PMO–BG was obtained, containing 34% PMO and 43% BG, which was used as a source of auxiliary enzymes that increase the effectiveness of basic cellulases P. verruculosum by 20–100% in the bioconversion of various types of cellulose-containing raw materials: microcrystalline cellulose, pretreated with alkali common reed and semi-bleached sulfate hardwood pulp of Arkhangelsk Pulp and Paper Mill JSC.
Film bulk acoustic resonator at 4.4 grz with ultra low temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (2005)

This paper describes a temperature compensated film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) with temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) of -0.45 ppm//spl deg/C (between 85 and 110/spl deg/C) at 4.4 GHz. The FBAR is composed of Al/ZnO/Al/SiO/sub 2/ on a surface micromachined cantilever that is released by XeF/sub 2/ vapor etching. Residual stress and material temperature parameters have been incorporated into simulations for optimal design of a temperature compensated FBAR.
Model of a Six Immunoglobulin-Like Domain Fragment of Filamin A (16–21) Built Using Residual Dipolar Couplings (2012)

Filamins are actin-binding proteins that participate in a wide range of cell functions, including cell morphology, locomotion, membrane protein localization, and intracellular signaling. The three filamin isoforms found in humans, filamins A, B, and C, are highly homologous, and their roles are partly complementary. In addition to actin, filamins interact with dozens of other proteins that have roles as membrane receptors and channels, enzymes, signaling intermediates, and transcription factors. Filamins are composed of an N-terminal actin-binding domain and 24 filamin-type immunoglobulin-like domains (FLN) that form tail-to-tail dimers with their C-terminal FLN domain. Many of the filamin interactions including those for glycoprotein Ibα and integrins have been mapped to the region comprising FLN domains 16-21. Traditionally, FLN domains have been viewed as independent folding units, arranged in a linear chain joined with flexible linkers. Recent structural findings have shown that consecutive FLNs form more intricate superstructures. The crystal structure of filamin A domains 19-21 (FLNa19-21) revealed that domains 20 and 21 fold together and that the domain interaction can be autoregulatory. The solution structure of domains 18-19 showed a similar domain interaction, whereas domain pair 16-17 has a completely different domain packing mode. In this study, we characterize the domain organization of the FLNa domain sextet 16-21 using NMR spectroscopy. A structure model of this 60-kDa protein has been built using residual dipolar coupling restraints. RDCs and (15)N relaxation data have been used to characterize interdomain motions.