gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kallikrein (Kininogenase) in the Mouse Nephron: Effect of Dietary Potassium (1987)

Kininogenase activity of kallikrein was measured in microdissected mouse nephron segments using kininogen from dog plasma and a radioimmunoassay for bradykinin. When single nephron segments were examined, results showed a large scatter. This was found to be due to heterogeneity of distal convoluted tubules (DCT) from different nephrons, since replicate measurements in pools of DCT structures did not show this degree of variation. Nearly 20% of activity was accessible to extracellular substrate when freshly dissected segments were incubated in isoosmotic media. Freezing and thawing which markedly releases activity of intracellular enzymes, did not significantly elevate kininogenase activity. On the other hand deoxycholate and trypsin treatment increased tubular kininogenase activity in an additive fashion. A detailed analysis of microdissected tubule fragments revealed that kallikrein is concentrated in late distal convoluted tubule before entering a branching point (connecting tubule). In contrast initial portions of distal convoluted tubules and cortical collecting tubules contained only little kallikrein activity. Potassium rich diet increased basal and total activity 5-fold, when compared to a potassium poor diet.
Non-Gaussian State-Space Modeling of Nonstationary Time Series: Comment: Detecting and Modeling Changes in Time Series (1987)

Ruey S. Tsay, Non-Gaussian State-Space Modeling of Nonstationary Time Series: Comment: Detecting and Modeling Changes in Time Series, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 82, No. 400 (Dec., 1987), pp. 1056-1059
A CNN-based Audio Sensor for Rainfall Estimation: Implementation on Embedded Board (2021)

At present, one of the main issues of interest is climate change. It triggers calamitous phenomena (fires, hydrogeological instability and many others) that put crops, vegetation and even human beings at risk. Considering the phenomenon of hydrogeological instability, there is a wide range of smart application contexts (for example, smart city, smart road and smart agriculture), which require a real-time rainfall level monitoring, recognition and classification system. This system is supposed to provide accurate and real-time estimates of rain intensity and alert those in charge in order to reduce the risks associated with the various application contexts. Thus, the present paper proposes an audio sensor enabled real-time audio rainfall classification, based on 1-D convolutional neural network (CNN) which offers 95% classification accuracy in five rainfall intensity classes.
Theoretical analysis of microdosimetric spectra and cluster formation for103Pd and125I photon emitters (2004)

In this work we have compared 125I or 103Pd from a microdosimetric point of view. The photon spectra at different positions around the seeds have first been calculated using EGSnrc Monte Carlo (MC) code. These photon spectra are used as input for the event-by-event MC code TRION to calculate the microdosimetric lineal energy (y) distribution for each isotope. The microdosimetric dose average lineal energy, yD, calculated in a sphere of 1 microm is 3.5 keV microm(-1) for 125I and 4.0 keV microm(-1) for 103Pd, agreeing well with values reported in the literature. yD in a 1 microm sphere diminishes slightly with the distance from the seed for 103Pd. This is due to the spectral hardening caused by the presence of a gamma-ray of 357.5 keV in the initial spectrum of 103Pd. In parallel with the calculation of the microdosimetric spectra, we have analysed the distribution of the size of the energy deposition clusters generated by these low energy photons in structures of 2 and 10 nm of radius. Due to Compton interactions, the fraction of very low energy electrons (<5 keV) generated by 125I photons is 51%, whereas it is only 27% for 103Pd. As these electrons deposit their energy very locally, the pattern of energy depositions contains more clusters of a few nm of radius for 125I than for 103Pd; the mean cluster orders are respectively 3.3 and 3.0 for 10 nm clusters. This is in opposition with the prediction based on the microdosimetric spectrum and the parameter yD and could be of importance for the damage to the cells.
Characterization of Si nanocrystals grown by annealing SiO2 films with uniform concentrations of implanted Si (2000)

We have performed physical and optical characterization of Si nanocrystals grown by ion implantation of Si+ ions at multiple energies with varying doses into thermally grown SiO2 films. The purpose of multiple implants was to achieve uniform composition of the added Si profile throughout the SiO2 film to produce Si particles with a narrow size distribution upon annealing at 1000 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The depth distribution of the composition and sizes of the Si particles in SiO2 films before and after the anneal were determined using Rutherford backscattering (RBS), forward recoil spectroscopy, small-angle x-ray diffraction (SXRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). From RBS we concluded that the amount of free silicon was reduced by annealing, presumably due to oxidation in the annealing process. The mean cluster sizes of the annealed samples were determined by SXRD. HRTEM was also employed to determine the average size of Si particles. Photoluminescence spectra (PL) from these samples were broad and the peak positions of the PL spectra were blue-shifted with decreasing cluster size. The line shapes of the PL spectra were calculated with a quantum confinement model assuming a log-normal size distribution of Si nanoparticles and (1/D)1.25 dependence of the band gap energy as a function of particle size D. The band gap energy and the average particle size obtained from the calculated line shape spectra agree well with the quantum confinement model.
Simulations of X and Y retinal ganglion cell behavior with a nonlinear push-pull model of spatiotemporal retinal processing (1994)

This article describes a nonlinear model of neural processing in the vertebrate retina, comprising model photoreceptors, model push-pull bipolar ecus and model ganglion cells. Previous analyses and simulations have shown that with a choice of parameters that mimics β cells, the model exhibits X-like linear spatial summation (null response to contrast-reversed gratings) in spite of photoreceptor nonlinearities; on the other hand, a choice of parameters that mimics a cells leads to Y-like frequency doubling. This article extends the previous work by showing that the model can replicate qualitatively many of the original findings on X and Y cells with a fixed choice of parameters. The results generally support the hypothesis that X and Y cells can be seen as functional variants of a single neural circuit. The model also suggests that both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing bipolar cells converge onto both ON and OFF ganglion cell types. The push-pull connectivity enables ganglion cells to remain sensitive to deviations about the mean output level of nonlinear photoreceptors. These and other properties of the push-pull model are discussed in the general context of retinal processing of spatiotemporal luminance patterns.
Nondestructive Structural Analysis on Deformation Properties of Highly Porous Aluminum Material (2006)

The cell-structure of highly porous aluminum material prepared by melt foaming technology was investigated under deformation with fine-focus X-ray 3D-CT to make clear the development target porous material for automobile industries with improved reliability. It was confirmed that structures with more fine, more uniform and exclusion peculiar anisotropic pores would make improved mechanical properties of the material.
Functional characterization of two paralogs that are novel RNA binding proteins influencing mitochondrial transcripts of Trypanosoma brucei (2012)

A majority of Trypanosoma brucei proteins have unknown functions, a consequence of its independent evolutionary history within the order Kinetoplastida that allowed for the emergence of several unique biological properties. Among these is RNA editing, needed for expression of mitochondrial-encoded genes. The recently discovered mitochondrial RNA binding complex 1 (MRB1) is composed of proteins with several functions in processing organellar RNA. We characterize two MRB1 subunits, referred to herein as MRB8170 and MRB4160, which are paralogs arisen from a large chromosome duplication occurring only in T. brucei. As with many other MRB1 proteins, both have no recognizable domains, motifs, or orthologs outside the order. We show that they are both novel RNA binding proteins, possibly representing a new class of these proteins. They associate with a similar subset of MRB1 subunits but not directly with each other. We generated cell lines that either individually or simultaneously target the mRNAs encoding both proteins using RNAi. Their dual silencing results in a differential effect on moderately and pan-edited RNAs, suggesting a possible functional separation of the two proteins. Cell growth persists upon RNAi silencing of each protein individually in contrast to the dual knockdown. Yet, their apparent redundancy in terms of cell viability is at odds with the finding that only one of these knockdowns results in the general degradation of pan-edited RNAs. While MRB8170 and MRB4160 share a considerable degree of conservation, our results suggest that their recent sequence divergence has led to them influencing mitochondrial mRNAs to differing degrees.
Progress of gene therapy in clinical trials with the application of the vectors (2014)

Since the first clinical trial of human gene therapy in 1989,over 1900 trials have been conducted worldwide.Human gene therapy has been made substantial progress on treating cancers,inherited monogenic disorders and cardiovascular disease,etc,while,encountered with hurdles simultaneously.Among them,a major impediment to the success of gene therapy application is an efficient and noside-effect gene delivery system.Among the viral and non-viral vectors that were often used in clinical trials,viral vectors have been preferably chosen.In this article,some of the important clinical applications with the choice of the vectors are reviewed.

Key words: 
Clinical trial; Gene therapy; Viral vector; Non-viral vector
Pyridonecarboxylic Acids as Antibacterial Agents Part XVII. 5-Alkoxyimidazoquinolones as Potential Antibacterial Agents. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships. (1996)

4-Substituted 6-cyclopropyl-6, 9-dihydro-5-methoxy-9-oxo-1H-imidazo[4,5-f] quinoline-8-carboxylic acids (6) and 8-substituted 1,5,6,11-tetrahydro-5-methyl-1-oxo-imidazo[4,5-g]pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4] benzoxazine-2-carboxylic acids (7) were prepared as potential antibacterial quinolone derivatives. The appendages at C-4 of -6 and at C-8 of -7 were selected from 1-piperazinyl, 4-methylpiperazinyl, 3-aminomethylpyrrolidinyl, and 3-aminomethylpyrrolidinyl groups. The 5-methoxyimidazoquinolones 6 were superior to the corresponding ofloxacin type analogues 7 in in vitro antibacterial activity. The activity of 6 was equipotent against S. aureus, but 2 to 16 times less potent against E. coli and P. aeruginosa compared to that of the 5-fluoro analogue 3.
Design Overview of a Resonant Wing Actuation Mechanism for Application in Flapping Wing MAVs (2009)

This paper shows the design and analysis of the actuation mechanism for a four winged flapping wing MAV. The design is set up to exploit resonant properties, as exhibited by flying insects, to reduce the energy expenditure and to provide amplitude amplification. In order to achieve resonance a significantly flexible structure has to be incorporated into the design. The elastic structure used for the body of the MAV is a ring type structure. The ring is coupled to the wings by a compliant amplification mechanism which transforms and amplifies the ring deflection into the large wing root rotation. After initial sizing, the structures are analyzed by finite elements (eigenvalue and transient analysis). Based on the initial analysis, the structures are realized to be tested later. The wings are first analyzed independent of the structure in order to tune wing hinge stiffness to efficiently generate lift, exploiting passive wing pitching. The wings are tuned by using a quasi-steady aerodynamic model. The tuned wings are tested to judge if manufactured wings reflect the predicted performance. The ring-shaped thorax structure is combined with the wings to test resonant performance of the assembled structure. A test setup is built to quantify lift production. Lift is tested by suspending the prototype on a flexible beam and measuring changes in deflection when the model is actuated. Significant lift is produced using the current prototype. Kinematic patterns present during resonant actuation show correct timing of wing rotation.
ChemInform Abstract: Heteropoly Acid Catalyzed Highly Efficient Alkylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Benzylic and Propargylic Alcohols. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Direct Synthesis and Spectroscopic Evidence of Framework Co(II) ions in SBA-15 Mesoporous Molecular Sieves (2004)

Abstract CoSBA-15 with different nSi/nCo ratio have been synthesized in acidic media using nonionic surfactants and characterized, for the first time, by XRD, AAS, N2 adsorption, UV–vis DRS and ESR spectroscopy. Spectroscopic data show that all cobalt atoms in CoSBA-15 are extensively in tetrahedral coordination.
Integration of tunneling magnetoresistive sensors for high resolutive magnetic particle detection (2009)

The development of nanotechnology pushes the limits of biomedicine in regions where the size of solid state based devices and biomolecules are in the same range of magnitude. The integration of bionanodevices in the molecular diagnostic field leads towards improvements in our life quality by assuring fast and cheap diagnosis devices. Low cost production hand-held biochips are foreseen to be incorporated in the next generation of bionanodevices. Among them, tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) biosensors are of great interest and their improvements constitute the subject of the present thesis.
Cutaneous infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria: histopathological review of 28 cases. Comparative study between lesions observed in immunosuppressed patients and normal hosts (2000)

To evaluate the histopathological features observed in patients with cutaneous infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and to compare the histopathological patterns observed in immunosuppressed patients and normal hosts. Twenty-eight biopsy specimens corresponding to 27 patients with cutaneous infections due to NTM were reviewed. Eighteen biopsies corresponded to normal hosts (14 Mycobacterium marinum, 2 Mycobacterium chelonae, 1 Mycobacterium terrae and 1 Mycobacterium gordonae) and 10 biopsy specimens were obtained from 9 immunosuppressed patients (3 Mycobacterium chelonae, one of which had two biopsies, 1 Mycobacterium abscessus, 2 Mycobacterium kansasii, 1 Mycobacterium marinum, 1 Mycobacterium avium complex and 1 Mycobacterium simiae). A panel of histopathological features was evaluated by two independent observers in each biopsy specimen. Epidermal changes (acanthosis, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, exocytosis) were mainly observed in M. marinum infections. In immunosuppressed patients the infiltrate tended to be deeper, involving the subcutaneous tissue (100%) with a more diffuse distribution and constant abscess formation. A marked granulomatous inflammatory reaction was observed in 83% of immunocompetent and in 60% of immunosuppressed patients. In immunosuppressed patients a relationship between the chronic evolution of the disease and granuloma formation was demonstrated. A diffuse infiltrate of histiocytes with occasionally foamy appearance was noted in three biopsy specimens from three patients with AIDS. Acute and chronic panniculitis was detected in 8 biopsy specimens. In one biopsy (M. chelonae) an acute suppurative folliculitis was observed. Different histopathological patterns can be noted in biopsy specimens from cutaneous nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. The evolution of the disease and the immunologic status of the host may explain this spectrum of morphological changes. Tuberculoid, palisading and sarcoid-like granulomas, a diffuse infiltrate of histiocytic foamy cells, acute and chronic panniculitis, non-specific chronic inflammation, cutaneous abscesses, suppurative granulomas and necrotizing folliculitis can be detected. Suppurative granulomas are the most characteristic feature in skin biopsy specimens from cutaneous NTM infections. Some histopathological patterns seem more prevalent in immunosuppressed patients.
Why I love the OMG (1998)

article Why I love the OMG: emergence of a business object component architecture Share on Author: Jeff Sutherland IDX Systems Corp., Boston, MA IDX Systems Corp., Boston, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims StandardViewVolume 6Issue 1March 1998 pp 4–13https://doi.org/10.1145/293376.293382Online:01 March 1998Publication History 6citation286DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations6Total Downloads286Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
The Application of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning in UAV Networks (2019)

This article investigates autonomous resource allocation of multiple UAVs enabled communication networks with the goal of maximizing long-term rewards. To model the uncertainty of environments, we formulate the long-term resource allocation problem as a stochastic game, where each UAV becomes a learning agent and each resource allocation solution corresponds to an action taken by the UAVs. Furthermore, we propose a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) framework that each agent discovers its best strategy according to its local observations using learning. More specifically, we propose an agent-independent method, for which all agents conduct a decision algorithm independently but share a common structure based on Q-learning. Finally, simulation results reveal that the proposed MARL algorithm provides acceptable performance compared to the case with complete information exchanges among UAVs.
Investigation of Domain Structure by Transmission Electron Microscopy in 0.94Pb(Fe 1/2 ,Nb 1/2 )O 3 -0.06PbTiO 3 (2003)

Various domain patterns in 0.94Pb(Fe 1/2 ,Nb 1/2 )O 3 -0.06PbTiO 3 single crystals have been observed in a transmission electron microscopy investigation. At room temperature the observed morphology includes mesoscopic cross-hatched two-variant tweed domains, single-variant tweeds, and mesoscopic needle-shape domains. They are all accommodated with elastic strains. There is also contrast on boundaries between two types of single-variant tweeds that have parallel and opposite displacements respectively. Upon variation of temperature, the single-variant tweeds and their associated needles appear unstable. Transformation between needles and single-variant tweeds occurred when decreasing temperature below - 30C or increasing temperature above 50C. Above 150C, a new type of domains were formed and dominant. It disappeared at 200C. All transitions in domain structure at different temperature are reversible.
FastTrack (2010)

Multithreaded programs are notoriously prone to race conditions. Prior work developed precise dynamic race detectors that never report false alarms. However, these checkers employ expensive data structures, such as vector clocks (VCs), that result in significant performance overhead. This paper exploits the insight that the full generality of VCs is not necessary in most cases. That is, we can replace VCs with an adaptive lightweight representation that, for almost all operations of the target program, requires constant space and supports constant-time operations. Experimental results show that the resulting race detection algorithm is over twice as fast as prior precise race detectors, with no loss of precision.
Lead-bismuth cooled reactors: history and the potential of development. Part 1. History of development (2022)

The article is devoted to the history of the creation of lead-bismuth-cooled reactor units (RUs) for nuclear-powered submarines (NPSs), which were developed in the absence of the necessary knowledge and experience, as well as under strict deadlines for completing work, which practically excluded the possibility of carrying out related full-scale scientific research. This led to a number of failures at the stage of developing this unique technology, the causes of which were later identified and eliminated. The authors explain the reasons for choosing a lead-bismuth eutectic alloy as a coolant, outline the main scientific and technical problems solved in the course of developing a lead-bismuth-cooled reactor unit, including those related to the coolant and corrosion resistance of steels, consider issues of ensuring radiation safety during work related to the release of polonium, ensuring the reliability of steam generators, incidents and accidents that occurred during the period of operation and ways to eliminate their causes.
Optimization of Process Parameters for High Efficiency Laser Forming of Advanced High Strength Steels within Metallurgical Constraints (2016)

Laser forming (LF) has been shown to be a viable alternative to form automotive grade advanced high strength steels (AHSS). Due to their high strength, heat sensitivity and low conventional formability show early fractures, larger springback, batch-to-batch inconsistency and high tool wear.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn this paper, optimisation of the LF process parameters has been conducted to further understand the impact of a surface heat treatment on DP1000. A FE numerical simulation has been developed to analyse the dynamic thermo-mechanical effects. This has been verified against empirical data. The goal of the optimisation has been to develop a usable process window for the LF of AHSS within strict metallurgical constraints. Results indicate it is possible to LF this material, however a complex relationship has been found between the generation and maintenance of hardness values in the heated zone. A laser surface hardening effect has been observed that could be beneficial to the efficiency of the process.