gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localized Chemical Wave Emission and Mode Switching in a Patterned Excitable Medium (2006)

Chemical waves are initiated from complex geometries in the excitable Belosouv-Zhabotinsky medium using a wet stamping technique. Because of the coupling between the system's chemical kinetics and geometry, waves are emitted only from selected locations. By varying the nature of the wave-triggering reagent (here formaldehyde or methanol), it is possible to switch between two spatially distinct modes of wave emission. The system's dynamics is studied numerically, and the results of modeling agree with experimental observations.
Measurement of the binding energy of ultracoldRb87Cs133molecules using an offset-free optical frequency comb (2016)

We report the binding energy of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ molecules in their rovibrational ground state measured using an offset-free optical frequency comb based on difference frequency generation technology. We create molecules in the absolute ground state using stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) with a transfer efficiency of 88%. By measuring the absolute frequencies of our STIRAP lasers, we find the energy-level difference from an initial weakly bound Feshbach state to the rovibrational ground state with a resolution of $\ensuremath{\sim}5$ kHz over an energy-level difference of more than $114\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{Hz}$; this lets us discern the hyperfine splitting of the ground state. Combined with theoretical models of the Feshbach-state binding energies and ground-state hyperfine structure, we determine a zero-field binding energy of $h\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}114\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}268\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}135.24(4)(3)\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{Hz}$. To our knowledge, this is the most accurate determination to date of the dissociation energy of a molecule.
Determinants of Tissue Kallikrein Cleavage Specificity in the Limited Proteolysis of Kininogens (1992)

Further evidence for interactions at tissue kallikrein extended binding sites, as determinants of the kininogen cleavage specificities is presented. Differences in the cleavage sites in kininogen hydrolysis by rat and other tissue kallikreins is related to subsite S1' specificity, while the low susceptibility of rat kininogen to horse tissue kallikrein is explained by the difference in their subsite S3'.
Design of network management system for optical terminal based on embedded web server (2011)

A kind of cross-regional, cross-platform and multi-user optical terminal network management system based on embedded web server was designed to meet the need for optical terminal centralized monitoring and management in large-scale video surveillance system. ARM and Linux development platform was presented at first, and then discussed porting of Lighttpd, design of FastCGI and web front-end programme, at last the implementation of system information monitor programme was described. The B/S (Browser/Server) network management system makes equipment management personnel could monitor these optical terminals on-line with remote computer's browser.
Simulation of immiscible liquid–liquid flows in complex microchannel geometries using a front-tracking scheme (2018)

The three-dimensional two-phase flow dynamics inside a microfluidic device of complex geometry is simulated using a parallel, hybrid front-tracking/level-set solver. The numerical framework employed circumvents numerous meshing issues normally associated with constructing complex geometries within typical computational fluid dynamics packages. The device considered in the present work is constructed via a module that defines solid objects by means of a static distance function. The construction combines primitive objects, such as a cylinder, a plane, and a torus, for instance, using simple geometrical operations. The numerical solutions predicted encompass dripping and jetting, and transitions in flow patterns are observed featuring the formation of drops, 'pancakes', plugs, and jets, over a wide range of flow rate ratios. We demonstrate the fact that vortex formation accompanies the development of certain flow patterns, and elucidate its role in their underlying mechanisms. Experimental visualisation with a high-speed imaging are also carried out. The numerical predictions are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
Silica‐supported bis(imino)pyridyl iron(II) catalyst: nature of the support–catalyst interactions (2006)

Abstract Ethylene polymerizations were performed using silica‐supported 2,6‐bis[1‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenylimino) ethyl] pyridine iron(II) dichloride with methylaluminoxane (MAO) as co‐catalyst. Silica was calcined at 600, 400 and 200 °C under vacuum for 8 h. The effect of calcination temperature of silica on the polymerization activity and the properties of the polymers obtained were examined. Catalyst–support interactions were examined by both a chemical method and XPS. It was observed that upon supporting the catalyst on the surface of silica, there is an increase in the binding energy of the metal center. However, no change in the metal binding energy was observed on supporting the catalyst to silica calcined at different temperatures. Ethylene polymerizations were performed using MAO as co‐catalyst. Catalysts were also prepared by first pretreating silica with MAO, followed by addition of the Fe(II) catalyst and contacting a complex of Fe(II) catalyst–MAO with silica previously calcined at 400 °C for 8 h. The results indicate that there is no chemical bonding between the support and the catalyst. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Verification of TG‐61 dose for synchrotron‐produced monochromatic x‐ray beams using fluence‐normalized MCNP5 calculations (2012)

These results showed that TG-61 ion chamber dosimetry, used to calibrate dose output for cell irradiations, agreed with fluence-normalized MCNP5 calculations to within approximately 7% and 3% at 25 and 35 keV, respectively.
Is er een plaats voor chondroprotectieve agentia bij behandeling van arthrosis/artritis en posttraumatische kraakbeenbeschadiging? (2006)

Hoewel kraakbeen, oppervlakkig gezien een vrij inerte, homogene laag lijkt, is het een hoog gespecialiseerde actieve ‘microcosmos’, opgebouwd uit 4 lagen. Iedere laag draagt bij aan de kraakbeenfuncties: schokabsorptie, smering, extreem weerstand-arm glijden van de gewrichtsoppervlakken over elkaar en een hoge slijtvastheid. In deze laag liggen de chondrocyten ingebed die, in afnemende mate tijdens het klimmen der jaren, kunnen reageren op de verandering van de eisen die aan het kraakbeen worden gesteld en de krachten die erop inwerken (1). De intercellulaire matrix is opgebouwd uit collageen-2 filamenten met proteoglycanen, non-collageen proteïnen en an- en cationen, onder andere als ‘kitstof’. Enkele van de proteoglycanen zijn hyaluronzuur, chondroïtine- en glucosaminecomplexen (1). Wanneer de belastbaarheid van dit complexe geheel wordt overschreden, treedt aanvankelijk soms nog reversibele, maar uiteindelijk irreversibele schade op.
Fiber-Based Entangled Photon Sources and Their Applications (2009)

We present an overview of how fiber-based sources of entangled photons have evolved to meet the requirements of quantum-information applications and we present one of those applications, one that addresses an ancient philosophical question.
A Constant-Time Efficient Stereo SLAM System (2009)

Continuous, real-time mapping of an environment using a camera requires a constanttime estimation engine. This rules out optimal global solving such as bundle adjustment. In this article, we investigate the precision that can be achieved with only local estimation of motion and structure provided by a stereo pair. We introduce a simple but novel representation of the environment in terms of a sequence of relative locations. We demonstrate precise local mapping and easy navigation using the relative map, and importantly show that this can be done without requiring a global minimisation after loop closure. We discuss some of the issues that arise from using a relative representation, and evaluate our system on long sequences processed at a constant 30-45 Hz, obtaining precisions down to a few metres over distances of a few kilometres.
New Probiotics: Dairy Propionibacteria and the Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Physiology (2014)

Dairy propionibacteria are food grade bacteria belonging to the Actinomycetales order. Actinomycetales are described as high GC (53 to 68 %) Gram-positive bacteria, known for their prolifi c production of small molecule natural products and adapted to various ecological niches including soil, decaying vegetation, humans and animals. Accordingly, propionibacteria can be isolated from various environments. All species of the Propionibacterium genus produce propionic acid as a main metabolic end-product of their obligatory fermentative metabolism. They are nonspore forming, non-motile, pleomorphic rods, anaerobic to aerotolerant and generally catalase positive. Taxonomic studies, in accordance with phenotypic traits, clearly distinguish two groups of propionibacteria species (Table 1): cutaneous and dairy propionibacteria.
Influence of the β-Alkoxy Group on the Diastereoselectivity of Aldol Reactions of Tetrahydro-4H-thiopyran-4-one with 4-Alkoxytetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxaldehydes (2002)

The diastereoselectivity of the aldol reaction of tetrahydro-4H-thiopyran-4-one (3) with 1,4-dioxa-8-thiaspiro[4.5]decane-6-carboxaldehyde (9a) under a variety of conditions is examined. Under optimized conditions, three of the four possible diastereomers from this aldol reaction can be obtained selectively (3-16:1). Reactions of 9a with the Li, B, Mg(II), and Ti(IV) enolates of 3 and with the corresponding trimethylsilyl enol ether 4b in the presence of BF(3) x OEt(2), SnCl(4), or TiCl(4) as promoters gave the Felkin adducts exclusively (>95%) as mixtures of syn (11a) and anti (12a) diastereomers. Use of the "amine-free" Li enolate of 3 gave 12a with a much higher diastereoselectivity (9:1) and yield (70%) than that obtained using the lithium diisopropylamide-generated Li enolate of 3 (2-3:1; 15-40%). The TiCl(4)-promoted reaction of 4b with 9a gave 11a with excellent selectivity (16:1). In contrast, the MgBr(2) x OEt(2)-promoted reaction of 4b with 9a gave the anti-Felkin adducts exclusively as a 3:1 mixture of syn (13a)/anti (14a) diastereomers. Similar aldol reactions of 3 with the cis and trans isomers of 4-(methoxy)methoxytetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxaldehyde (9b and 9c) were examined to probe the influence of the ketal protecting group in 9a on the observed aldol diastereoselectivity. The results are rationalized by applying Evans' stereochemical model for merged 1,2- and 1,3-asymmetric induction (non-chelation), with the exception of the MgBr(2) x OEt(2)-promoted reactions of 4b with 9a, 9b, and 9c, which are accommodated by assuming chelation control. Comparison of the reactions of 9a, 9b, and 9c suggests that the ketal group in 9a uniquely allows high levels of either Felkin or anti-Felkin selectivity to be achieved.
Multi-access Poisson traffic communication with random coding, independent decoding and unequal powers (2003)

We model and analyse the stability of, the communication scheme. We obtain an arrival rate stability limit that is identical for all SNR distributions considered.
Holomorphic Extensions of Laplacians and Their Determinants (2005)

The Teichmueller space Teich(S) of a surface S in genus g&gt;1 is a totally real submanifold of the quasifuchsian space QF(S). We show that the determinant of the Laplacian det'(Δ) on Teich(S) has a unique holomorphic extension to QF(S). To realize this holomorphic extension as the determinant of differential operators on S, we introduce a holomorphic family {Δ_{μ,ν}} of elliptic second order differential operators on S whose parameter space is the space of pairs of Beltrami differentials on S and which naturally extends the Laplace operators of hyperbolic metrics on S. We study the determinant of this family {Δ_{μ,ν}} and show how this family realizes the holomorphic extension of det'(Δ) as its determinant.
A methodological approach to evaluate the benefit and usability of different modeling notations for open loop control in automation systems (2011)

In order to evaluate different model based approaches using specific modeling notation a methodology is necessary, which includes complexity of the control task, applicability to the type of the control task, but also usability measures, e.g. number of faults in model or program (effectiveness) and time needed (efficiency) to finalize the task. Our experimental focus has been up to now on open loop control. The relevant factors will be discussed; the HTA as method to describe the modeling task as well as three evaluations will be introduced comparing UML, ICL, SysML and IEC 61131-3.
Galectin-9 signaling drives breast cancer invasion through matrix (2021)

Abstract Aberration in expression and function of glycans and their binding proteins (lectins) in transformed cells constitutes one of the earliest discovered hallmarks of cancer. Galectins are a conserved family of lectins that can bind to β-galactosides. Among them, the role of Galectin-9, a galectin with two carbohydrate binding domains in immune-tumor cell interactions has been well-established, although its effect on cancer cell behavior remains as yet unclear. In this study, we used a spectrum of cell lines from homeostatic breast cells to transformed non-invasive and invasive cell lines cultured in microenvironment-diverse conditions to show that Galectin-9 expression shows an elevation in association with invasiveness of breast cancer epithelia. Our observations were supported by immunohistochemical studies of breast tumors and adjacent normal-tissues from patients. Genetic perturbation of Galectin-9 as well as the pharmacological inhibition of activity using cognate inhibitors confirmed a positive correlation between Galectin-9 levels and the adhesion of the aggressive triple negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 to- and their invasion through-extracellular matrices (ECM). Within a constituted organomimetic multiECM microenvironment, Galectin-9 enhanced both the solitary and the collective invasion of cancer cells. Quantitative proteomics led us to uncover the inductive role of Galectin-9 in the expression of the proinvasive protein S100A4. In addition, Galectin-9 expression correlated with FAK signaling, the inhibition of which decreased S100A4 mRNA levels. Our results provide crucial signaling insights into how the elevation in Galectin-9 expression in breast cancer cells potentiates their invasiveness through ECM during early steps of metastasis.
Robust Scheduling in MIMO-OFDM Multi-User Systems Based on Convex Optimization (2006)

This work proposes a new technique in the context of multi-user scheduling in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems by considering a design that is also robust to channel uncertainties. The whole technique is divided into two parts: i) a robust design for each particular MIMO link exploiting an imperfect channel state information (CSI) and ii) a multi-user design for the scheduling policy. The link between both stages is practical, intuitive, and simple. The robust MIMO design is based on a worst-case approach that maximizes via convex optimization procedures the worst possible signal to noise ratio (SNR) given a specified channel uncertainty region. The scheduling policy, also calculated with convex optimization techniques, minimizes the total number of utilized subcarriers. Therefore, the design is scalable in the sense of having the capability to incorporate new future potential users.
Different Signaling Pathways Mediate Regenerative versus Developmental Sensory Axon Growth (2021)

Recent advances in defining neurotrophin signaling mediators have provided insights into the signal transduction mechanisms that underlie axon growth. Evidence is accumulating that major Trk effectors regulate the morphological development of embryonic peripheral neurons. Less is known about signaling related to the robust axon extension that follows peripheral axotomy of adult neurons. Regenerative axon growth can be mimicked in vitro by a "conditioning" lesion performed 2 weeks before culture (Smith and Skene, 1997). Previous work has implicated both neurotrophins and cytokines in this response. Because signal transduction mediators of both of these families of growth factors are well characterized, we have compared the role of neurotrophin and cytokine signaling in developmental versus regenerative sensory axon growth. Chemical inhibitors were administrated to embryonic and axotomized sensory neurons in vitro to block the activation of Erk kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3-K), and janus kinase (JAK) signaling. As expected, both MEK and PI3-K inhibition blocked axon growth from both naive and NGF-stimulated embryonic day 13 sensory neurons, whereas inhibition of JAK phosphorylation had no effect. In contrast, neither MEK nor PI3-K inhibitors blocked elongation of adult sensory neurons after a conditioning lesion. However, the addition of a JAK2 inhibitor prevented the regenerative axon response. Consistent with these pharmacological results, the percentage of neurons showing intense nuclear signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 phosphorylation after a conditioning lesion was markedly increased compared with controls. These observations demonstrate that the signaling mediators that underlie regenerative axon growth are distinct from those used during development and suggest that cytokine signaling may be critical to peripheral nervous system regeneration.
Citrullination of central nervous system proteins during the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2005)

Immunization of mammals with central nervous system (CNS)-derived proteins or peptides induces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a disease resembling the human autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Both diseases are accompanied by destruction of a part of the of the myelin sheaths, which surround neurites in the CNS. Previous studies in MS have described alterations in the citrullination of myelin basic protein, one of the main protein constituents of the myelin sheath. Here, we show that, also during the development of EAE in mice, hypercitrullination occurs in the areas of the spinal cord that show the highest degree of inflammation and that myelin basic protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein are among the hypercitrullinated proteins. We conclude that hypercitrullination of myelin proteins in the CNS is a common phenomenon in demyelinating disease. Hypercitrullination may cause conformational changes in proteins, so the affected proteins may be involved in the pathogenesis of CNS autoimmune disease by acting as autoreactive T-cell epitopes. This is the first report in which hypercitrullination of CNS proteins in EAE is described and in which proteins other than myelin basic protein are reported to be citrullinated during autoimmune-mediated CNS inflammation.
Tracking Down Skype Traffic (2008)

Skype is beyond any doubt the most popular VoIP application in the current Internet application spectrum. Its amazing success drawn the attention of telecom operators and the research community, both interested in knowing Skype's internal mechanisms, characterizing traffic and understanding users' behavior. We dissect the following fundamental components: data traffic generated by voice and video communication, and signaling traffic generated by Skype. We use both active and passive measurement techniques to gather a deep understanding on the traffic Skype generates. From extensive testbed experiments, we devise a source model which takes into account: (i) the service type, i.e., voice or video calls (ii) the selected source Codec, (iii) the adopted transport-layer protocol, and (iv) network conditions. Furthermore, leveraging on the use of an accurate Skype classification engine that we recently proposed, we study and characterize Skype traffic based on extensive passive measurements collected from our campus LAN.
Profile Management and Authentication Using LDAP (2009)

In this paper, we present the technique to manage user profiles and authentication using LDAP (lightweight directory access protocol). The user profiles maintained in the LDAP directory information tree (DIT) which contains various information about users. This information can be retrieved by the users depending upon the level of access provided to them on the network. Various services use this authentication mechanism to allow the authorized users, who provide correct authentication information as stored in the LDAP server, to use the corresponding services. Virtual private network (VPN), remote access server (RAS), Web server, mail server can use LDAP for authenticating users.
A photometric invariant and shape constraints at parabolic points (2002)

Using rigorous methods the authors have shown that the invariant direction of isophotes at parabolic points is the projection of the principal direction of zero curvature onto the image plane. They have gone beyond considering the limited case of pure orthographic projection and have shown under what conditions this photometric invariance property breaks down and is best approximated in perspective images, and for a nondistant light source. In addition to giving experimental evidence supporting their claim about how isophotes are parallel to the direction of zero curvature at parabolic points, the authors suggest possible applications of this geometric cue to determination of orientation and curvature at parabolic points. The best advantage taken from this geometric cue is when constraint information can be obtained, knowing absolutely nothing about the reflectance map. The true power of a physical invariant is the information it gives under the most generic conditions possible, in this case any type of smooth reflectance map.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Time-resolved spectroscopy and near infrared imaging enhanced by receptor-targeted contrast agents for prostate cancer detection (2011)

Time-resolved spectroscopy and near infrared imaging enhanced by receptor-targeted contrast agents for prostate cancer detection will be presented. Two contrast agents, Cybesin and Cytate, were investigated using time-resolved spectroscopy in aqueous solution and cancerous and normal prostate tissues. The time evolution of the fluorescent dipole in solution was studied using a system of first-order linear differential equations containing two main parameters: the decay rate of emission and the rate of one orthogonal emission component transferring to another. An analytical polarization model was developed and used to extract rotational times and fluorescence anisotropies of the contrast agents in prostate tissues. The differences of rotational times and polarization anisotropies were observed for Cybesin (Cytate) in cancerous and normal prostate tissue, which reflect preferred bond of contrast agents and cancerous tissue cells. The conjugation of Cybesin (Cytate) to prostate cancerous cells offers high contrast between normal and cancerous tissues.
Characterization of PMR Polyimide Resin and Prepreg. (1984)

Procedures for the chemical characterization of PMR-15 resin solutions and graphite-reinforced prepregs were developed, and a chemical data base was established. In addition, a basic understanding of PMR-15 resin chemistry was gained; this was translated into effective processing procedures for the production of high quality graphite composites. During the program the PMR monomers and selected model compounds representative of postulated PMR-15 solution chemistry were acquired and characterized. Based on these data, a baseline PMR-15 resin was formulated and evaluated for processing characteristics and composite properties. Commercially available PMR-15 resins were then obtained and chemically characterized. Composite panels were fabricated and evaluated.