gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Free Radical Cyclization of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds Mediated by Manganese(III) Acetate with Alkynes and Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzofurans, Naphthalene, and Trifluoroacetyl Substituted Aromatic Compounds (2006)

Abstract Furan derivatives were obtained from radical cyclizations of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds mediated by Mn(OAc)3 with phenyl acetylene 2a (14–66% yields). Naphthalene derivates 4a and 4b were produced in the treatments with 2a. In addition to these, trifluoroacetyl substituted naphthalene 4c, benzofuran 4d, and benzothien 4e were obtained in the reactions of trifluoromethyl‐1,3‐dicarbonyls (1 g–i) with 2a.
Performance analysis of separated-electrode DFB laser diode (1989)

We analyse the oscillation characteristics of separatedelectrode DFB lasers. The threshold condition, output power and wavelength are calculated as functions of the bias current from each electrode. The bias condition and modulation method are discussed to achieve pure amplitude modulation and pure frequency modulation.
Modelling and Simulation for Supply Chain Contract Based on the Inventory Management under Uncertain Demand (2006)

This article mainly studies the harmony problems according to the supply chain contract about inventory management under uncertain demand, discusses the necessary condition to realize the harmony based on the supply chain system about inventory management and the concrete influence correspond to the contract. This article also constructs two models in the same condition that base on the supply chain contract about inventory management under uncertain demand, one is the seller's profits model, other is seller's profits constitutes model under the method of negative preface of the dynamic state programming. The conclusions indicate that the contract can help system's Pareto optimization, and realize the best performance in the whole supply chain and the perfect harmony of the supply chain system under uncertain demand.
Role of activating transcription factor 3 in the synthesis of latency-associated transcript and maintenance of herpes simplex virus 1 in latent state in ganglia (2015)

A key property of herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) is their ability to establish latent infection in sensory or autonomic ganglia and to reactivate on physical, hormonal, or emotional stress. In latently infected ganglia, HSVs express a long noncoding RNA, a latency-associated transcript (LAT), which plays a key role in maintaining latently infected neurons, but not viral proteins. To investigate the events leading to reactivation, we examined the use of ganglionic organ cultures that enable rapid reactivation in medium containing antibody to nerve growth factor (NGF) or delayed reactivation in medium containing NGF and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Here we report the discovery that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a stress response protein, profoundly affects the interaction of HSV with its host. Specifically, (i) ATF3 is induced by stress, such as inhibition of protein synthesis or infection; (ii) in infected cells, ATF3 enhances the accumulation of LAT by acting on the response elements in the promoter of the LAT precursor RNA; (iii) ATF3 is induced nearly 100-fold in ganglionic organ cultures; and (iv) ATF3 plays a key role in the maintenance of the latent state, inasmuch as expression of ATF3 bereft of the C-terminal activation domain acts as a dominant negative factor, inducing HSV gene expression in ganglionic organ cultures harboring latent virus and incubated in medium containing NGF and EGF. Thus, ATF3 is a component of a cluster of cellular proteins that together with LAT maintain the integrity of the neurons harboring latent virus.
T Lymphocytes from Tonsil arid Peripheral Blood Show Different Cytolytic and Helper Activities (1991)

T lymphocytes from tonsil (To) and peripheral blood (PB) of 4 tonsillectomized children were subjected to clonal expansion with PHA in order to analyze at single cell level their cytolytic activity and their ability to produce interleukins such as IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4. Analyzing all T-cell clones (CD4+ and CD8+) obtained from To in comparison with those from PB, a reduced proportion of cells with lectin-dependent cytolytic activity (LDCC) (25% vs. 42%, p less than 0.01) and natural killer (NK) activity (18% vs. 31%, p less than 0.02) was found. These differences were proportionally related to the lower number of CD8+ T-cells in To than in PB. The proportion of CD4+ clones able to produce IL-2 and/or IL-4 were higher in To (75% and 61%) than in PB (52% and 25%, p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001, respectively). In contrast, the proportion of CD4+ clones able to produce IFN-gamma was similar (53% and 58%) in both series of clones. According to the patterns of lymphokine synthesis, tonsillar T-cells differed from PB T-cells as follows: 1) the number of Th1-like CD4+ clones producing IL-2 and/or IFN-gamma (but not IL-4) were 23% vs. 44% in PB (p less than 0.001); 2) there was no difference between To and PB in the proportion of CD4+ clones producing IL-4 alone (Th2 clones: 9% vs. 8%); 3) CD4+ clones synthesizing IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma at the same time were more frequent in To than in PB (Th3 clones: 53% vs. 17%, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genome-wide association study and functional analyses for clinical and subclinical ketosis in Holstein cattle (2021)

Ketosis is one of the most frequent metabolic diseases in high-yielding dairy cows and is characterized by high concentrations of ketone bodies in blood, urine, and milk, causing high economic losses. The search for polymorphic genes, whose alleles have different effects on resistance to developing the disease, is of extreme importance to help select less susceptible animals. The aims of this study were to identify genomic regions associated with clinical and subclinical ketosis (β-hydroxybutyrate concentration) in North American Holstein dairy cattle and to investigate these regions to identify candidate genes and metabolic pathways associated with these traits. To achieve this, a GWAS was performed for 4 traits: clinical ketosis lactation 1, clinical ketosis lactation 2 to 5, subclinical ketosis lactation 1, and subclinical ketosis lactation 2 to 5. The estimated breeding values from 77,277 cows and 7,704 bulls were deregressed and used as pseudophenotypes in the GWAS. The top-20 genomic regions explaining the largest proportion of the genetic variance were investigated for putative genes associated with the traits through functional analyses. Regions of interest were identified on chromosomes 2, 5, and 6 for clinical ketosis lactation 1; 3, 6, and 7 for clinical ketosis lactation 2 to 5; 1, 2, and 12 for subclinical ketosis lactation 1; and 20, 11, and 25 for subclinical ketosis lactation 2 to 5. The highlighted genes potentially related to clinical and subclinical ketosis included ACAT2 and IGF1. Enrichment analysis of the list of candidate genes for clinical and subclinical ketosis showed molecular functions and biological processes involved in fatty acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory response in dairy cattle. Several genomic regions and SNPs related to susceptibility to ketosis in dairy cattle that were previously described in other studies were confirmed. The novel genomic regions identified in this study aid to characterize the most important genes and pathways that explain the susceptibility to clinical and subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle.
Hierarchically-structured silver nanoflowers for highly conductive metallic inks with dramatically reduced filler concentration (2016)

Silver has long been employed as an electrically conductive component, and morphology-dependent properties have been actively investigated. Here we present a novel scalable synthesis method of flower-shaped silver nanoparticles (silver nanoflowers, Ag NFs). The preferential affinity of citrate molecules on (111) surface of silver enabled spontaneous anisotropic growth of Ag NFs (bud size: 250~580 nm, single crystalline petal thickness: 9~22 nm) with high reproducibility and a high yield of >99.5%. The unique hierarchical structure resulted in coalescence of petals over 80~120 °C which was practically employed in conductive inks to construct percolation pathways among Ag NFs. The ink with only 3 wt% of Ag NFs provided two orders of magnitude greater conductivity (1.008 × 10<sup>5</sup> Scm<sup>-1</sup>), at a low curing temperature of 120 °C, compared with the silver nanoparticle ink with a much higher silver concentration (50 wt%). This extraordinary property may provide an excellent opportunity for Ag NFs for practical applications in printable and flexible electronics.
ChemInform Abstract: AN EFFICIENT PHOTOCATHODE FOR SEMICONDUCTOR LIQUID JUNCTION CELLS: 9.4% SOLAR CONVERSION EFFICIENCY WITH P‐INP/VCL3‐VCL2‐HCL/C (1981)

Abstract Die bisher untersuchten elektrochemischen Solarzellen erreichten Umwandlungswirkungsgrade für Sonnenlicht von &gt;5% nur bei Verwendung von n‐leitenden Photoanoden.
Study of Novel Selective mGlu2 Agonist in the Temporo-Ammonic Input to CA1 Neurons Reveals Reduced mGlu2 Receptor Expression in a Wistar Substrain with an Anxiety-Like Phenotype (2011)

Group II metabotropic receptors (mGluRs) regulate central synaptic transmission by modulating neurotransmitter release. However, the lack of pharmacological tools differentiating between mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors has hampered identification of the roles of these two receptor subtypes. We have used LY395756 [(1SR,2SR,4RS,5RS,6SR)-2-amino-4-methylbicyclo[3.1.0]-hexane2,6-dicarboxylic], an agonist at mGlu2 receptors and an antagonist at mGlu3 receptors in cell lines, to investigate the roles of these receptors in the temporo-ammonic path from entorhinal cortex to CA1-stratum lacunosum moleculare in rat hippocampal slices. Surprisingly, the degree of inhibition of the field EPSP induced by LY395756 fell into two distinct groups, with EC(50) values of <1 μm and >100 μm. In "sensitive" slices, LY395756 had additive actions with a mixed mGlu2/mGlu3 agonist, DCG-IV [(2S,2'R,3'R)-2-(2',3'-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine], whereas in "insensitive" slices, LY395756 reduced the effect of DCG-IV, with an IC(50) of ∼1 μm. This separation into sensitive and insensitive slices could be explained by LY395756 acting as an mGlu2 agonist and mGlu3 antagonist, respectively, a finding supported by data from mice lacking these receptors. The heterogeneity was correlated with differences in expression levels of mGlu2 receptors within our Wistar colony and other Wistar substrains. The initial search for a behavioral correlate indicated that rats lacking mGlu2 receptors showed anxiety-like behavior in open-field and elevated plus maze assays. These findings have implications for rat models of psychiatric disease and are especially pertinent given that mGlu2 receptors are targets for compounds under development for anxiety.
Enterococcus faecalis Localization in Experimental Endophthalmitis: Role of Plasmid-Encoded Aggregation Substance (1998)

Enterococci have emerged as leading agents of nosocomial infection, yet relatively little is known about the pathogenesis of enterococcal disease. In previous studies, we developed an Enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis infection model which provides unique opportunities to study the evolution of enterococcal disease by direct observation, as well as through sensitive electrophysiologic measures of organ function. The present study was designed to determine whether E. faecalis possesses traits that permit its attachment to mammalian tissues during infection. It was also of interest to determine whether a plasmid-encoded adhesin, aggregation substance, contributes to enterococcal localization or otherwise mediates adherence to alternate sites. These studies found that, in this model, enterococci attach to membranous structures occurring within the vitreous but that this attachment or the course or severity of disease is unaffected by the aggregation substance phenotype.
Design of millimeter‐wave bandpass filters based on improved asymmetric parallel‐coupled microstrip line structure for direct detection system of CubeSat radiometer (2021)

Abstract In this paper, two improved asymmetric parallel‐coupled microstrip bandpass filters with center frequencies of 89 GHz and 150 GHz were designed and implemented. The improvement of the circuit structure is based on the rotation of several asymmetric parallel‐coupled microstrip line segments, which achieves a great area reduction compared to the conventional structure. The improved bandpass filters were designed and optimized based on the conventional structure. The measured results show that the return loss of the W‐band bandpass filter is better than 16 dB and that of the D‐band bandpass filter is better than 15 dB within the passband. The insertion loss is less than 2.3 dB and 2.5 dB within the passband for W‐band and D‐band bandpass filters, respectively. These results verify the feasibility of the improved asymmetric parallel‐coupled microstrip line bandpass filter as a broadband pre‐filter for the direct detection system of a CubeSat radiometer.
Studies of global stability of field-reversed configuration plasmas using a rigid body model (1998)

Global stability of field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas has been studied using a simple rigid body model in the parameter space of s (the ratio of the separatrix radius to the average ion gyro-radius) and plasma elongation E (the ratio of the separatrix length to the separatrix diameter). Tilt stability is predicted, independent of s, for FRC’s with low E (oblate), while the tilt stability of FRC’s with large E (prolate) depends on s/E. It is found that plasma rotation due to ion diamagnetic drift can stabilize the tilt mode when s/E≲1.7. The so-called collisionless ion gyro-viscosity also is identified to stabilize tilt when s/E≲2.2. Combining these two effects, the stability regime broadens to s/E≲2.8, consistent with previously developed theories. A small additional rotation (e.g., a Mach number of 0.2) can improve tilt stability significantly at large E. A similar approach is taken to study the physics of the shift stability. It is found that radial shift is unstable when E&amp;lt;1 while axial shift is unstable when E&amp;gt;1. However, unlike tilt stability, gyro-viscosity has little effect on shift stability.
Threshold Determining Method for Feature Selection (2009)

Feature selection is a key step in text categorization, its results has direct influence on the classification accuracy. Evaluation function is usually adopted in feature selection method to calculate the value of feature words, and the feature words which assessed value is higher than setted threshold are maintained as the final feature subset. So the threshold is the important factors of feature selection. However, the threshold is very difficult to determine. In theory, there is no good solution. In practice, people often use their experience to set a initial value, then debug threshold repeatedly according to the results of the classification. In such case, debugging scope is often too great to be easy to determine the threshold. Aiming at the difficulties of threshold determining, this paper mainly studied threshold determining methods for feature selection. First, based on the analysis of several common feature selection methods for the key questions of threshold determining are defined ,and the idea of threshold determining is put forward. Then,in accordance with the idea, four methods are designed for threshold detemining based on the characteristics of the different feature selection methods. Experimental results show that the proposed methods are effective in improving classification performance. After analyzing the results, this paper gets expressly some useful conclusions .
DNA Polymerases from Intracisternal A‐Type Particles of the Mouse Plasmacytoma MPC 11 (1977)

Intracisternal A particles from mouse plasma cell tumors were isolated from microsomal vesiclels by detergent treatment and separated in linear sucrose gradients. Four peaks of DNA polymerase activities banding at densities of 1.30, 1.24, 1.20--1.22 and 1.13 g/cm3 were observed assaying on poly(rA).oligo(dT). Solubolized DNA polymerases of the 1.30 g/cm3...
Recent data on image enhancement programs (1973)

Some internal input-output differences between the CDC 6600 and 7600 computers are reviewed, along with the effect of those differences on programs for enhancing large images (1024 by 1024 matrix). Recent data from a program for the CDC 7600 are presented, showing a factor of 5 greater speed over a previously reported program.
Diversity Techniques for Leaky Feeders. (1987)

This thesis examines the use of diversity techniques for improving the performance of a leaky feeder communication link. Tests have been carried out at frequencies of 40 and 80 MHz on an experimental system with the cable buried in soil just beneath ground level along side a road. The system was originally installed to establish the feasibility of transmitting high transmission rate (100 kbs-1) data from a vehicle to a cable for a vehicle manufacturers test track telemetry system. Coupling to both loop and dipole aerials were examined and compared against the coupling to a vehicle mounted loop and monopole. Severe fading, characterised by a Rayleigh distribution, was experienced at the extremes of radial range, regardless of aerial configuration, which could result in severe error bursts on a data link. Close to the cable, within a radial range of half of a freespace wavelength, this work has established that fading can be completely eliminated with the appropriate choice of aerial, despite the scattering of the coupling mode. Various diversity mechanisms and techniques are then considered primarily as a means of mitigating the fading outside this radius. Three mechanisms, frequency, space and field-component were chosen for a detailed study in conjunction with a transmission, frequency offset technique. For each mechanism, the improvements afforded by diversity are found to be substantial and under Rayleigh fading conditions, the correlation coefficient of the diversity signals was found to be an adequate descriptor of the diversity gain. The factors determining the correlation function are also identified.
Pressure-flow characteristics of the upper and central airways during high-frequency oscillation (1988)

Pressure-flow relationships were measured in a cast of human upper and central airways at high-frequency and low stroke volume. In a dimensionless Moody plot of peak pressure and peak flow, data obtained at various frequencies and stroke volumes fell along a single curve, but diverged from the quasisteady flow behavior. Plotted against Re/ beta (ratio between Reynolds and Womersley numbers), the normalized instantaneous pressure drop was generally smooth throughout the range of Re/ beta except for the appearance of a transition at the lowest frequency, suggesting the onset of turbulent flow. The larynx was found to increase airway resistance and to reduce the asymmetry between inspiratory and expiratory pressure drop. The phase lead of pressure relative to flow was smaller in the presence of the larynx than in its absence, indicating an increase in the resistive part of impedance by the larynx.< <ETX>&gt;</ETX>
N- and p-well process compatibility in a 1&amp;#181;m-CMOS technology (1984)

A 1 µm CMOS concept for 5 V supply-voltage with 22 nm gate oxide and a pure TaSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> gate is presented which allows to realize a n-well- and a p-well-process with widely compatible process flow. Starting in either case from 20 Ωcm epitaxial material on 0.02 Ωcm substrate the process uses equal well depths and identical low well dopant concentrations. Charge carrier mobilities have been found identical in both process concepts. N-channel low-level breakdown voltage is independent of the process concept used. Also independent of the well type the specific junction capacitances inside the well are nearly identical, outside the well typically different. Using ring oscillators with L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</inf> =1.2 µm minimum propagation delays of 120ps for the p-well process and 190ps for the n-well process have been measured.
p21-activated kinase (PAK) is required for Fas-induced JNK activation in Jurkat cells. (1998)

The process of apoptosis is a critical component of normal immune system development and homeostasis, and in many cells this involves signaling through the c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. In Jurkat T cells, Fas-induced JNK activity is dependent upon activation of the caspase cascades known to be central components of the apoptotic program. We show in Jurkat cell lines expressing a dominant negative PAK construct that PAK signaling is necessary for JNK activation in response to Fas receptor cross-linking. Inhibition of JNK activation induced by Fas does not impair cell death as assessed by DNA fragmentation. However, expression of the catalytically active C terminus of PAK2, which is generated through caspase action during Fas-mediated apoptosis, induces Jurkat cell apoptosis. We conclude that PAK activity resulting from caspase-mediated cleavage is a necessary component of JNK activation induced by Fas receptor signaling and that PAK2 can contribute to the induction of cell death.
Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of Silicon Nitride Ceramics with Seeds Addition (2012)

With Y2O3:Al2O3 of different weight ratios as sintering additives and 3wt% β-Si3N4 seeds addition, sili- con nitride ceramics were prepared by gas pressure sintering. The phase composition, density, microstructure, room temperature as well as elevated temperature mechanical properties were investigated. The experimental results in- dicated that the α→β phase transformation of silicon nitride would be finished at 1800℃ for 2 h, and the densities of all specimens were over 97% of theoretical density. Compared with the specimen without seeds addition, the room temperature bending strength, the elevated temperature flexural strength at 1200℃ and the fracture toughness of the specimen with 6wt%Y2O3-4.5wt%Al2O3 and 3wt% β-Si3N4 seeds addition can be improved by 20%, 16% and 8%, respectively.
Measurements at very low flux density and power frequencies (2008)

Dithering and averaging allows digital &amp;quot;suppression &amp;quot; of the noise in a detected signal by a factor n, where n is the averaged readings number. If the signal contains sufficient random noise (requirement for dithering) the effective resolution of a data acquisition card can be increased. The measurements described in this paper were performed with a 12-bit data acquisition card and it was found that the voltage resolution could be improved by over 5 bits with averaging (from up to 10 000 cycles). This means voltages lower than the card’s resolution can be easily detected with the appropriate digital processing of the measured signals. K e y w o r d s: measurement, low flux, dithering, averaging, noise
Carbohydrates as Scaffolds in Drug Discovery (2006)

Abstract Drug discovery has long suffered from the difficulty of having to place pharmacophoric groups in just the right spatial arrangement to elicit the desired biological response. Although some molecule classes have been discovered that seem to be privileged structures for at least some drug–receptor interactions, there remains the challenge to design and synthesize molecules with high specific affinity to pharmacologically important targets. With their high density of stereochemical information and their relative rigidity, carbohydrates provide excellent platforms upon which to display a number of substituents in a sterically defined way, hence offering the opportunity to harness their unique features for the drug‐discovery process. This review highlights the progress that has been made in the development of carbohydrate scaffolds for drug discovery.