gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radio frequency heating at 9.4T (400.2 MHz): In vivo thermoregulatory temperature response in swine (2009)

In vivo thermoregulatory temperature response to radio frequency (RF) heating at 9.4T was studied by measuring temperatures in nine anesthetized swine. Temperatures were measured in the scalp, brain, and rectum. The RF energy was deposited using a four-loop head coil tuned to 400.2 MHz. Sham RF was delivered to three swine to understand the thermal effects of anesthesia (animal weight = 54.16 kg, SD = 3.08 kg). Continuous wave (CW) RF energy was delivered to the other six animals for 2.5-3.4 h (animal weight = 74.01 +/- 26.0 kg, heating duration = 3.05 +/- 0.29 h). The whole-head specific absorption rate (SAR) varied between 2.71 W/kg and 3.20 W/kg (SAR = 2.93 +/- 0.18 W/kg). Anesthesia caused the brain and rectal temperatures to drop linearly. Altered thermoregulatory response was detected by comparing the difference in the temperature slopes before and after the RF delivery from zero. RF heating statistically significantly altered the rate of cooling down of the animal. The temperature slope changes correlated well with the RF energy per unit head weight and heating duration, and the maximum rectal temperature change during heating in heated animals. The temperature slope changes did not correlate well to the whole-head average SARs.
A Gd2(MoO4)3longitudinal electrooptic modulator at 6328 Å (1976)

A Gd <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> (MoO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> ) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> light modulator operating at low frequencies, from 100 Hz up to 1 MHz, is examined. Experimental results concerning the thermal behavior and stability, frequency response, and linearity performance characteristics of the system are presented. Advantages and disadvantages of the modulator are discussed.
Hardware optimierte leichtgewichtige Blockchiffren für RFID- und Sensor-Systeme (2007)

In diesem Artikel wird ein Uberblick uber leichtgewichtige Kryptographie (lightweight Cryptography) gegeben. Weiterhin werden die beiden neuen auf Hardware optimierten Chiffren DESL und PRESENT naher vorgestellt. Der anschliesende Vergleich der Implementierungsergebnisse mit anderen kurzlich vorgeschlagenen Blockchiffren wie mCrypton, HIGHT oder CLEFIA zeigt, dass DESL und PRESENT weniger Chipflache verbrauchen. Ebenfalls konnen beide Algorithmen uberraschenderweise sogar mit kurzlich veroffentlichten, auf Hardware optimierten Stromchiffren (Trivium und Grain) konkurrieren.
Encoded universality for generalized anisotropic exchange Hamiltonians (2002)

We derive an encoded universality representation for a generalized anisotropic exchange Hamiltonian that contains cross-product terms in addition to the usual two-particle exchange terms. The recently developed algebraic approach is used to show that the minimal universality-generating encodings of one logical qubit are based on three physical qubits. We show how to generate both single- and two-qubit operations on the logical qubits, using suitably timed conjugating operations derived from analysis of the commutator algebra. The timing of the operations is seen to be crucial in allowing simplification of the gate sequences for the generalized Hamiltonian to forms similar to that derived previously for the symmetric $(\mathrm{XY})$ anisotropic exchange Hamiltonian. The total number of operations needed for a controlled-$Z$ gate up to local transformations is five. A scalable architecture is proposed.
Catalytic Mismatching of CuInSe2 and Ni3Al Demonstrates Selective Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction to Methanol (2020)

Photoelectrochemical catalysts are often plagued by ineffective interfacial charge transfer or nonideal optical conversion properties. To overcome this challenge, strategically pairing a catalytically inactive, optically proficient semiconductor with a selective electrocatalyst, coined “catalytic mismatching”, is suggested. Here, chalcopyrite semiconductor CuInSe2 is paired with the electrocatalyst Ni3Al to selectively reduce CO2. This catalytically mismatched system produces methanol at a Faradaic efficiency 25 times greater than that achieved using the purely electrochemical Ni3Al system while reducing the operating potential requirement by 600 mV. These results suggest that catalytic mismatching is a promising tactic to achieve reaction selectivity in synergistic photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction systems.
Open lung approach versus standard protective strategies: Effects on driving pressure and ventilatory efficiency during anesthesia - A pilot, randomized controlled trial (2017)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02798133.
Amyloid Precursor Protein and Amyloid β Peptide in Human Platelets (2001)

The main component of Alzheimer's disease (AD) senile plaques is amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), a proteolytic fragment of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Platelets contain both APP and Abeta and may contribute to the perivascular amyloid deposition seen in AD. However, no data are available concerning the biochemical mechanism(s) involved in their formation and release by these cells. We found that human platelets released APP and Abeta following activation with collagen or arachidonic acid. Inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase (COX) reduced APP but not Abeta release following those stimuli. In contrast, activation of platelets by thrombin and calcium ionophore caused release of both APP and Abeta in a COX-independent fashion. Ex vivo studies showed that, despite suppression of COX activity, administration of aspirin did not modify Abeta or APP levels in serum or plasma, suggesting that this enzyme plays only a minor role in vivo. We examined the regulation of APP cleavage and release from activated platelets and found that cleavage requires protein kinase C (PKC) activity and is regulated by the intracellular second messengers phosphatidylinositol 2-phosphate and Ca(2+). Our data provide the first evidence that in human platelets COX is a minor component of APP secretion whereas PKC plays a major role in the secretory cleavage of APP. By contrast, Abeta release may represent secretion of preformed peptide and is totally independent of both COX and PKC activity.
Aerosolbildung durch spontane Phasenübergänge bei Absorptions‐ und Kondensationsprozessen (1995)

Abstract Formation of aerosols by spontaneous condensation or desublimation in condensers or absorbers often causes serious problems in industrial processes. The fine aerosol particles, formed under special operating conditions, remain suspended in gases and are carried over into downstream stages or lead to high pollutant concentrations in the exhaust gas. The present paper describe under what conditions aerosols are formed. The characteristic behaviour of aerosols is discussed with the aid of experiments and computer simulation.
Application of fluorescence in situ hybridization in genome analysis of the mouse (1995)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is an effective technique for localizing cloned DNA probes directly onto metaphase chromosomes. Human genome mapping using FISH has been significantly enhanced by the development of new techniques, especially high-resolution gene mapping with direct R-banding FISH and physical gene ordering with multi-color FISH. By contrast, FISH techniques have not been put to practical use for the analysis of the mouse genome compared with the human. We have developed and modified FISH techniques for use in mouse genome analysis. In this article we summarize and review our recent results with FISH analyses in the following studies: (i) high-resolution gene mapping with the direct R-banding FISH, (ii) analysis of chromosomal rearrangement with multi-color FISH, (iii) establishment of centromere mapping with the major satellite DNA probe, (iv) analysis of chromatin structure in meiotic cells, and (v) application of FISH in cytogenetic studies of genetic variation in the mouse, showing that these applications of FISH are very useful for mouse genome analysis.
Fatigue Testing of Additively Manufactured 17-4PH Stainless Steel Samples with a Stress Concentration (2022)

In this paper, additively manufactured (AM) 17-4 precipitation-hardened (PH) stainless steel (SS) samples were assessed in quasi-static tension and tension-tension fatigue tests. Samples in this study were produced using a Markforged Metal X AM printer, which utilizes the Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing (ADAM) process. Samples were washed and sintered according to the Markforged specifications that are noted to be typical of 17-4 PH SS. Quasi-static and load-controlled fatigue tests were conducted on a subsize dog bone geometry per ASTM E8 where samples had a circular stress concentration in the form of a hole at the center of the sample width. Data was collected across a fatigue range of 1 to 3e5 cycles with data presented in the form of time, displacement, load, and strain data over those lifetimes.
Seizure detection and prediction through clustering and temporal analysis of micro electrocorticographic data (2015)

We have developed flexible, active, multiplexed recording devices for high resolution recording over large, clinically relevant areas in the brain. While this technology has enabled a much higher-resolution view of the electrical activity of the brain, the analytical methods to process, categorize and respond to the huge volumes of data produced by these devices have not yet been developed. In our previous work, we applied advanced video analysis techniques to segment electrographic spikes, extracted features from the identified segments, and then used clustering methods (particularly Dirichlet Process Mixture models) to group similar spatiotemporal spike patterns. From this analysis, we were able to identify common spike motion patterns. In this paper, we explored the possibility of detecting and predicting seizures in this dataset using the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to characterize the temporal dynamics of spike cluster labels. HMM and other supervised learning methods are united under the same framework to perform seizure detection and prediction. These methods have been applied to in-vivo feline seizure recordings and yielded promising results.
Supplementary Figure 1 from BCL-2 Hypermethylation Is a Potential Biomarker of Sensitivity to Antimitotic Chemotherapy in Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 289KB, BCL-2 450K Methylation array probes (n=42).&lt;/p&gt;
Analysis of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs in Meconium and Its Relation to Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (2001)

We confirm by meconium analysis the results of previous studies that demonstrated that the use of NSAIDs during pregnancy, particularly aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen, is high; is grossly underestimated by maternal history; and is significantly associated with PPHN. Thus, the easy access to over-the-counter NSAIDs of pregnant women should be reevaluated, and the potential dangers of these drugs to the newborn infant should be more effectively promoted.
An interactive heuristic program for learning transformational grammars. (1970)

An interactive system for learning transformational grammars of natural languages has been programmed in ALGOL and is operational on a B5500 timesharing&#13;\nsystem. The program is part of an "automated linguistic fieldworker" system intended to duplicate the functions of a human linguist in working with a&#13;\nlive informant. Using a battery of analytic heuristics, the program derives grammars containing context-free phrase structure rules and transformations via interaction with an informant who, minimally, is expected to be bilingual in English and the language under analysis. The informant must input sentences in the subject language, indicating spaces between morphological units, and may be required to answer questions about the validity of the program's test productions. A skilled linguist may choose to use the program as a partner in fieldwork. He may inspect the grammar at any time and guide the analysis by inserting or deleting rules of his choice.
Eelbrain: A Python toolkit for time-continuous analysis with temporal response functions (2021)

1 Abstract Even though human experience unfolds continuously in time, it is not strictly linear; instead, it entails cascading processes building hierarchical cognitive structures. For instance, during speech perception, humans transform a continuously varying acoustic signal into phonemes, words, and meaning, and these levels all have distinct but interdependent temporal structures. Time-lagged regression using temporal response functions (TRFs) has recently emerged as a promising tool for disentangling electrophysiological brain responses related to such complex models of perception. Here we introduce the Eelbrain Python toolkit, which makes this kind of analysis easy and accessible. We demonstrate its use, using continuous speech as a sample paradigm, with a freely available EEG dataset of audiobook listening. A companion GitHub repository provides the complete source code for the analysis, from raw data to group level statistics. More generally, we advocate a hypothesis-driven approach in which the experimenter specifies a hierarchy of time-continuous representations that are hypothesized to have contributed to brain responses, and uses those as predictor variables for the electrophysiological signal. This is analogous to a multiple regression problem, but with the addition of a time dimension. TRF analysis decomposes the brain signal into distinct responses associated with the different predictor variables by estimating a multivariate TRF (mTRF), quantifying the influence of each predictor on brain responses as a function of time(-lags). This allows asking two questions about the predictor variables: 1) Is there a significant neural representation corresponding to this predictor variable? And if so, 2) what are the temporal characteristics of the neural response associated with it? Thus, different predictor variables can be systematically combined and evaluated to jointly model neural processing at multiple hierarchical levels. We discuss applications of this approach, including the potential for linking algorithmic/representational theories at different cognitive levels to brain responses through computational models with appropriate linking hypotheses.
Wireless Optogenetic Stimulation of Oxytocin Neurons in a Semi-natural Setup Dynamically Elevates Both Pro-social and Agonistic Behaviors (2020)

Complex behavioral phenotyping techniques are becoming more prevalent in the field of behavioral neuroscience, and thus methods for manipulating neuronal activity must be adapted to fit into such paradigms. Here, we present a head-mounted, magnetically activated device for wireless optogenetic manipulation that is compact, simple to construct, and suitable for use in group-living mice in an enriched semi-natural arena over several days. Using this device, we demonstrate that repeated activation of oxytocin neurons in male mice can have different effects on pro-social and agonistic behaviors, depending on the social context. Our findings support the social salience hypothesis of oxytocin and emphasize the importance of the environment in the study of social neuromodulators. Our wireless optogenetic device can be easily adapted for use in a variety of behavioral paradigms, which are normally hindered by tethered light delivery or a limited environment.
<title>Virtual pathology: a new paradigm for interpretation of computed tomographic colonography</title> (1998)

Computed tomographic colonography (CTC or virtual colonoscopy) is a new technique for imaging the colon for the detection of colorectal neoplasm. Early clinical assessment of this procedure has shown that the performance of this test is acceptable for colorectal screening examinations. The current version of CTC utilizes an interactive combination of axial, reformatted 2D and 3D images (from an endoluminal perspective) that are generated in real time. Navigating the colorectum within the virtual endoscopy (VE) metaphor is tedious. To alleviate this problem and free the radiologist to concentrate on diagnosis, a two pass approach has been adopted. In the first pass, the colon is semiautomatically navigated and its midline is recorded. Then in a second pass, the radiologist moves the view point (virtual endoscope tip) along this midline. This second pass alone takes from 15 to 40 minutes per scan. Additional volume rendered displays have been developed which show longer segments of the colon in formats analogous to views which may be seen at autopsy. These include a technique called planar virtual pathology' (PVP) which uses image planes of the two longitudinal transcolonic sections as cut planes within isometric volume rendered images. Scenes are rendered with rays passing orthogonally through these planes from both sides. Each of the four resulting images depicts approximately one half of the inner surface of a 12 cm bowel segment. Interpretation is performed by viewing these colon segments at approximately 8 cm intervals. In this way, the entire colon can be rapidly examined with a minimum of navigational input from the radiologist. Other virtual pathology views have also been developed. These include cylindrical virtual pathology (CVP) and mercator virtual pathology (MVP). CVP views are formed by casting rays perpendicular to a straight line which approximates a segment of the colon midline. These views are analogous to the result of splitting a segment of excised colon and opening it to expose its inner surface. Interpretation can be performed interactively or by viewing a series of precomputed CVP views as described for PVP above. With MVP, views are generated by casting rays from a single viewpoint in all directions. The resulting view is a panoramic image. Interpretation of CVP is performed interactively in a manner similar to that of VE. Conclusion: A new display mode, referred to as virtual pathology (VP) has been developed which enables the radiologist to interpret long segments of the colon at one time. This new display metaphor has great promise in reducing interpretation time for CT Colonography.
Discovery of fragments inducing conformational effects in dynamic proteins using a second-harmonic generation biosensor (2021)

Biophysical screening of compound libraries for the identification of ligands that interact with a protein is efficient, but does typically not reveal if (or how) ligands may interfere with its functional properties. For this a biochemical/functional assay is required. But for proteins whose function is dependent on a conformational change, such assays are typically complex or have low throughput. Here we have explored a high-throughput second-harmonic generation (SHG) biosensor to detect fragments that induce conformational changes upon binding to a protein in real time and identify dynamic regions. Multiwell plate format SHG assays were developed for wild-type and six engineered single-cysteine mutants of acetyl choline binding protein (AChBP), a homologue to ligand gated ion channels (LGICs). They were conjugated with second harmonic-active labels <i>via</i> amine or maleimide coupling. To validate the assay, it was confirmed that the conformational changes induced in AChBP by nicotinic acetyl choline receptor (nAChR) agonists and antagonists were qualitatively different. A 1056 fragment library was subsequently screened against all variants and conformational modulators of AChBP were successfully identified, with hit rates from 9-22%, depending on the AChBP variant. A subset of four hits was selected for orthogonal validation and structural analysis. A time-resolved grating-coupled interferometry-based biosensor assay confirmed the interaction to be a reversible 1-step 1 : 1 interaction, and provided estimates of affinities and interaction kinetic rate constants (<i>K</i> <sub>D</sub> = 0.28-63 μM, <i>k</i> <sub>a</sub> = 0.1-6 μM<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, <i>k</i> <sub>d</sub> <i>=</i> 1 s<sup>-1</sup>). X-ray crystallography of two of the fragments confirmed their binding at a previously described conformationally dynamic site, corresponding to the regulatory site of LGICs. These results reveal that SHG has the sensitivity to identify fragments that induce conformational changes in a protein. A selection of fragment hits with a response profile different to known LGIC regulators was characterized and confirmed to bind to dynamic regions of the protein.
Validating multi-photon quantum interference with finite data (2020)

Abstract Multi-particle interference is a key resource for quantum information processing, as exemplified by Boson Sampling. Hence, given its fragile nature, an essential desideratum is a solid and reliable framework for its validation. However, while several protocols have been introduced to this end, the approach is still fragmented and fails to build a big picture for future developments. In this work, we propose an operational approach to validation that encompasses and strengthens the state of the art for these protocols. To this end, we consider the Bayesian hypothesis testing and the statistical benchmark as most favorable protocols for small- and large-scale applications, respectively. We numerically investigate their operation with finite sample size, extending previous tests to larger dimensions, and against two adversarial algorithms for classical simulation: the mean-field sampler and the metropolized independent sampler. To evidence the actual need for refined validation techniques, we show how the assessment of numerically simulated data depends on the available sample size, as well as on the internal hyper-parameters and other practically relevant constraints. Our analyses provide general insights into the challenge of validation, and can inspire the design of algorithms with a measurable quantum advantage.
Binary Representation of HTTP Messages (2022)

This document defines a binary format for representing HTTP messages.
Discussion Venues This note is to be removed before publishing as an
RFC. Discussion of this document takes place on the HTTP Working
Group mailing list (http@ietf.org), which is archived at
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/http/. Source for this draft
and an issue tracker can be found at https://github.com/unicorn-wg
/oblivious-http.
Correction: Bay et al. Functional Characterization of the Solute Carrier LAT-1 (SLC7A5/SLC3A2) in Human Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells with Rapid UPLC-MS/MS Quantification of Intracellular Isotopically Labelled L-Leucine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 3637 (2023)

The authors would like to make the following corrections to the publication [...].