gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE PATHOLOGY OF SOME DISEASES FOUND IN WILD ANIMALS IN EAST AFRICA (1967)

Summary Fifty‐four post‐mortem examinations were carried out on wild animals. A wide range of disease conditions was found and a number of these are discussed in detail. Two conditions of particular importance were parasitic bronchitis and muscular dystrophy; these were found in approximately one third of the antelopes examined.
The Intervention Opportunity, Why the Industry does not do More and How New Collaborative Workflows with Aligned Outcomes can Change this (2023)

Abstract This analysis challenges the typical way interventions have been planned and executed, both from an operational and commercial basis, and examines where there is room for significant improvement in the industry. Perhaps more importantly, it examines the case for performing interventions and tries to explain the headwinds in what is an opportunity for both financial and net zero goal reasons. Benchmarked data has already shown that opportunity absolutely exists to do more, and the authors discuss why the intervention opportunity is underserved. By appreciating the issues operators face when justifying and designing intervention activity, the challenges can thus be addressed by proper alignment to the best outcome. Intervention global expenditure is a small percentage of the total exploration and production spend while there is a strong value case for such operations. This study examines why this is so and then looks at how to address those issues. There is a huge array of well integrity and reservoir performance challenges that can bottleneck production and the industry has delivered many innovative solutions to address these issues. Reduced capital expenditure spend over the last years and the pressure to maintain production sustainably should create a perfect climate for intervention. However, an asset mindset that is often risk averse to entering a producing well, as well as complex workflows, will too often detract from the opportunity to intervene. New workflows—including digital—are discussed to demonstrate how identification of candidate wells and intervention techniques can be simplified, and how the success rate of the operations, as well as incremental production gains, can be determined more reliably to enable more robust outcomes. However, current contracting techniques and conventional key performance indicators can also cause further misalignment as to the true goal of interventions being to increase production sustainably. Those issues and how they have been resolved are addressed herein. New workflows and commercial models have been used to facilitate the quicker identification of intervention opportunities, enabling collaborative planning and optimal solution identification, combined with feedback mechanisms to ensure continuous close collaboration between technical experts enabled by digital tools can disrupt the conventional intervention model. Case examples will be provided to support the arguments made and demonstrate a new way of performing interventions. New digital workflows combined with strong collaborative, technical domain knowledge and a wide array of possible intervention solutions can change current typical intervention models. With these changes further improvements can then be made to the conventional business models used to maximize the intervention opportunity and the sustainability opportunities it brings with regard to getting the most out of existing infrastructure.
Effect of protective bed composition on deactivation of a hydrotreating catalyst (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND The relationship between the chemical composition, texture, and the shape of the granules of the protective bed upstream hydrotreating, that influences the degree of metal removal from the residual vacuum gas oil, is a critical issue in oil refining. RESULTS The character of the metal and sulphur distribution on the surface and in the volume of granules of the protective beds was studied for the model mixtures enriched with typical compounds deactivating hydrodesulphurization catalysts. The protective bed was operated along with the demetallization catalyst synthesized using local mineral raw materials (e.g., Angren high‐quality enriched kaolin) and production wastes (spent alumina sorbent from Shurtan gas chemical complex). CONCLUSION It is shown, the use of a two‐bed protective system most effectively extended the life‐time of the main hydrotreating catalyst. The spent and deactivated Al‐Co‐Mo catalyst can be efficiently used in the synthesis of the catalyst used for the pre‐cleaning upstream hydrotreating. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
A Picture is worth a Billion Bits: Real-Time Image Reconstruction from Dense Binary Pixels (2015)

The pursuit of smaller pixel sizes at ever increasing resolution in digital image sensors is mainly driven by the stringent price and form-factor requirements of sensors and optics in the cellular phone market. Recently, Eric Fossum proposed a novel concept of an image sensor with dense sub-diffraction limit one-bit pixels jots, which can be considered a digital emulation of silver halide photographic film. This idea has been recently embodied as the EPFL Gigavision camera. A major bottleneck in the design of such sensors is the image reconstruction process, producing a continuous high dynamic range image from oversampled binary measurements. The extreme quantization of the Poisson statistics is incompatible with the assumptions of most standard image processing and enhancement frameworks. The recently proposed maximum-likelihood (ML) approach addresses this difficulty, but suffers from image artifacts and has impractically high computational complexity. In this work, we study a variant of a sensor with binary threshold pixels and propose a reconstruction algorithm combining an ML data fitting term with a sparse synthesis prior. We also show an efficient hardware-friendly real-time approximation of this inverse operator.Promising results are shown on synthetic data as well as on HDR data emulated using multiple exposures of a regular CMOS sensor.
Characterization of Belt Drive Systems in Hybrid Powertrains (2016)

The present work is intended to describe the concept and realization of a test rig for the characterization of the efficiency of front end accessory drives. The study is in particular addressed to those systems where the traditional alternator is replaced with a Belt Starter Generator (BSG). A BSG is an electric machine capable of working both as generator (to function as traditional alternator and regenerate energy during braking) and as motor (to start the engine and provide electric traction and boosting). The utilization of such device is among the solutions adopted by mild hybrid technologies that are addressed to the reduction of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions typical of ICEs by the application of electric machines. The introduction of a BSG into a belt drive system leads to strong variations of the belt tension due to the alternation of tight and slack span. The study of the efficiency of such system is crucial in defining the best operating strategy of mild hybrid systems comprising a Belt Drive System (BDS) equipped with a BSG
Two-Coordinate Coinage Metal Complexes as Solar Photosensitizers (2023)

Generating sustainable fuel from sunlight plays an important role in meeting the energy demands of the modern age. Here we report the synthesis of new two-coordinate, molecular Cu(I) and Au(I) complexes that were designed to absorb visible photons (vis > 103 M-1cm-1), maintain long excited state lifetimes (~1-0.1s), and perform stable photo-induced charge transfer to a target substrate with remarkably potent photoreducing capabilities (E+/* up to 2.33 V vs. Fc+/0). The photoredox performance was evaluated in a variety of solvents, and we were able to understand the influence of ligand design and metal center on the photophysical properties. Interestingly, we found that the Cu(I) systems have competitive figures of merit with widely used scarce metal photosensitizers such as Ru(bpy)32+ and Ir(ppy)3. This work illuminates two-coordinate coinage metal complexes as promising, abundant metal, solar fuels photosensitizers that offer exceptional tunability and photoredox properties.
40 Gb/s Buffered 2×2 Optical Packet Switching Using Photonic Integrated Circuits (2009)

Contention resolution and forwarding of labeled optical packets at 40 Gb/s is demonstrated utilizing multiple InP based optical buffers and monolithic wavelength converters. Layer-2 packet recovery measurements are presented.
Hemodynamic Assessment of Right, Left, and Biventricular Pacing by Peak Endocardial Acceleration and Echocardiography in Patients with End‐Stage Heart Failure (2000)

Multisite ventricular pacing acutely improves the hemodynamic status in heart failure, though longer-term observations require invasive procedures. The hemodynamics of multisite ventricular pacing were assessed by echocardiography and peak endocardial acceleration (PEA) measured by a pacemaker sensor. PEA variations are highly correlated with those of dP/dt. Thirteen end-stage heart failure patients (left ventricular ejection fraction < 0.30) with a QRS > or = 140 ms received a DDD PEA sensor-driven pacemaker allowing right (RV), left (LV) and biventricular (BV) pacing. Ten days after implantation, standard echocardiographic parameters and variations in PEA were measured after 20 minutes at each pacing mode. The aortic systolic preejection time interval was statistically comparable between RV and LV pacing (218 +/- 24 vs 219 +/- 34 ms; P = NS), and significantly shorter with BV pacing (198 +/- 27 ms; P = 0.013). Aortic ejection duration was nonsignificantly shorter during BV pacing than during LV pacing (-.061, P = 0.09). The aortic velocity time integer increased during LV pacing versus RV pacing (+21%, P < 0.05) and during BV pacing versus RV pacing (+37%, P = 0.05). As a result, the values of the PEA variations over a 15-minute period were significantly greater during LV pacing and BV pacing versus RV pacing (+43%, P < 0.05, and +38%, P = 0.05, respectively) and were statistically comparable between BV pacing and LV pacing (9% for LV pacing, P = NS). During various ventricular pacing configurations, PEA measurements were consistent with echocardiographic data, showing comparable hemodynamic effects of BV and LV pacing. The PEA sensor is a promising tool for long-term hemodynamic monitoring and serial evaluation of the effects of multisite ventricular pacing in heart failure patients.
Spiral antenna with integrated detector (1980)

A spiral antenna for the detection of pulsed signals in the 2.5–18 GHz range has been built and tested. The antenna has a detector diode mounted directly on the spiral itself, thereby eliminating the need for a balun. A description of the antenna and its electrical characteristics is given.
Mutagenesis of Putative Acylation Sites Alters Function, Localization, and Accumulation of a Giα Subunit of the Chestnut Blight Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (1998)

Targeted disruption of cpg-1, a gene encoding the G protein Gi alpha subunit, CPG-1, in the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, results in reduced mycelial growth, reduced orange pigmentation, loss of virulence, loss of asexual sporulation, and female infertility. We report the development of a complementation system for cpg-1 null mutants and its use to evaluate the in vivo consequences of mutating conserved putative CPG-1 myristoylation (G2) and palmitoylation (C3) sites. Independent mutations of the two putative acylation sites differentially altered complex fungal biological processes, including virulence, and modified CPG-1 membrane association. Results of combined Northern (RNA) and Western (immunoblot) analysis also indicated a role for lipid modification in post-transcriptional regulation of CPG-1 accumulation.
Frontal lobe oxygenation is maintained during hypotension following propofol-fentanyl anesthesia. (2009)

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) assesses cerebral oxygen saturation (Sco2) as a balance between cerebral oxygen delivery and consumption. In 71 patients, we evaluated whether marked reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during propofol-fentanyl anesthesia induction affects frontal lobe Sco2. The NIRS-determined arm muscle oxygenation (Smo2), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO) were monitored, endtidal carbon dioxide tension was controlled at 3.5 to 4.5 kPa, and central blood volume was maintained. Before anesthesia, the median (range) MAP, HR, and CO were 93 mm Hg (61-126 mm Hg), 76 beats/min (50-96 beats/min), and 5.3 L/min (2.4-9.0 L/min), respectively, but immediately following intravenous administration of fentanyl and propofol, MAP decreased to 63 mm Hg (37-109 mm Hg), HR to 63 beats/min (40-103 beats/min), and CO to 4.1 L/min (7.9-70 L/min) (P < .05). When blood pressure decreased, the median (range) NIRS-determined Smo2 also decreased (73% [54%-94%] to 71% [52%-87%]), whereas Sco2 increased from 67% (46%-93%) to 74% (48%-95%) (P < .05), independent of age and gender. After anesthesia induction, variables recovered and remained at preanesthetic levels during surgery. The findings implicate that even an approximately 30% drop in MAP at the induction of anesthesia does not typically affect cerebral oxygenation.
Response to treatment in a prospective national infantile spasms cohort (2015)

Response rate varies by treatment choice. Standard therapies should be considered as initial treatment for infantile spasms, including those with impaired development or known structural or genetic/metabolic etiology. ACTH appeared to be more effective than other standard therapies.
Mandatory Reporting of Infectious Diseases by Clinicians (1989)

Reporting of cases of communicable disease is important in the planning and evaluation of disease prevention and control programs, in the assurance of appropriate medical therapy, and in the detection of common-source outbreaks. In the United States, the authority to require notification of cases of disease resides in the respective state legislatures. We examined the laws and regulations of health departments of all US jurisdictions to ascertain diseases and conditions currently required to be reported in each state or territory. We present herein the state reporting requirements for infectious diseases and infectious disease-related conditions. To obtain additional information regarding time frames for reporting, agencies to which reports are required, persons required to report, and specific conditions under which reports are required, the reader is referred to the statutes and health department regulations of the respective states.
Basis for the selective reduction of pulmonary vascular resistance in humans during infusion of adenosine (1994)

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the basis for the selective reduction of pulmonary vascular resistance by intravenous infusion of adenosine. Secondary objectives of the study were to determine the rate of central infusion of adenosine at which the nucleoside appears in the systemic circulation and to relate this to hemodynamic events. Plasma concentrations of adenosine in the right and left atria were measured during peripheral (5 patients) and central (12 patients) infusions of adenosine in adults with normal pulmonary arterial pressures undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. The hemodynamic effects of central (right ventricle) infusion of adenosine were also examined. The extraction of adenosine across the pulmonary vascular bed was found to be 73.6 +/- 4.8%. The mean maximal decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance index, 48.8 +/- 9.6%, occurred at an adenosine infusion rate of 30 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, whereas the systemic vascular resistance index remained unchanged. Thus, adenosine, administered centrally in anesthetized patients with normal pulmonary vascular resistances, selectively lower pulmonary vascular resistance. The basis for this selective effect is the substantial extraction of adenosine during passage through the pulmonary vascular bed.
Exploiting Fluorescence Spectroscopy To Identify Magnetic Ionic Liquids Suitable for the Isolation of Oligonucleotides (2018)

Magnetic ionic liquids (MILs), which incorporate paramagnetic ions, promise to minimize manual user intervention, decrease extraction times, and facilitate rapid recovery of the analyte-enriched extraction solvent. If, however, fluorescence is employed in the downstream analysis of an analyte tagged with a fluorophore, the paramagnetic ion may quench fluorescence by introducing new nonradiative processes. Thus, it is necessary to employ a paramagnetic ion that offers a compromise between possessing a high magnetic moment and not introducing new nonradiative channels. Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), and Ni(II) are considered in combination with phosphonium cations and anionic ligands based upon halides or hexafluoroacetylacetonate. Among the possibilities examined, MILs containing Mn(II) provide the best alternative for a model system involving DNA.
Theory of linear optimization (2002)

Finite systems of linear inequalities basic definitions the structure of polyhedrons bounded polyhedrons a parametric representation of polyhedrons the Farkas-Minowski theorem on dependent inequalities attainability theorem for inequalities-implications of second kind a refined formulation of the Farkas-Minowski theorem conditions of compatibility of a finite system of linear inequalities the cleaning theorem separability of nonintersecting polyhedrons the Fourier elimination method linear programming setting of the problem of linear programming and some of its properties economic interpretation of the linear programming problem duality - informative approach the duality theorem the optimality conditions informative interpretations of optimality conditions matrix plays and duality the theorem of marginal values the method of exact penalty functions in linear programming LP problems with several criterion functions inconsistent problems of linear programming classification of improper problems of linear programming (IP LP) informative interpretation of improper problems of linear programming methods of correction of improper problems of linear programming - general approach duality - the main theorem special realizations of duality the duality problem for l-problems problems of successive linear programming and duality the scheme of duality formation in linear successive programming solvability conditions for lexicographic optimisation problems the duality theorem reduction of lexicographic optimisation problems to systems of linear inequalities lexicographic duality for improper LP problems - a special case duality for improper LP problems in lexicographic interpretation symmetric duality for the Pareto optimisation problem stability and well-posedness of linear programming problems necessary definitions and auxiliary results stability of the linear programming problem well-posedness of linear programming problems the Tikhonov regularization of linear programming problems methods of projection in linear programming Fejer mappings and their properties basic constructions of Fejer mappings for algebraic polyhedrons decomposition and parallelizing of Fejer processes randomization of Fejer processes Fejer processes and inconsistent systems of linear inequalities Fejer processes for regularized LP problems piecewise linear functions and problems of disjunctive programming introductory considerationss-extensions of linear functional space. (Part contents).
An algorithm for the measurement of jitter (1990)

Jitter is the small fluctuation from one glottis cycle to the next in the duration of the fundamental period of the voice source. Analyzing jitter requires measuring glottal cycle durations accurately. Generally speaking, this is carried out by sampling at a medium rate and interpolating the discretized signal to obtain the required time resolution. In this article we describe an algorithm which solves the following two signal processing problems. Firstly, signal samples obtained by interpolation are only estimates of the original samples, which are unknown. The quality of the reconstruction of the signal therefore has to be evaluated. Secondly, small variations in cycle durations are easily corrupted by noise and measurement errors. The magnitude of measurement errors therefore has to be gauged. In our algorithm, the quality of reconstruction by signal interpolation is evaluated by a statistical test which takes into account the distribution of the corrections (which are brought about by interpolation) to the positions of the signal events which mark the beginnings of the glottal cycles. Three different interpolation methods have been implemented. Measurement errors are controlled by estimating independently the cycle durations of the speech and the electroglottographic signals. When the series obtained from both signals agree, we may then conclude that they reflect vocal fold activity and that they have not been unduly corrupted by errors or noise. The algorithm has been tested on 77 signals produced by healthy and dysphonic subjects. Its performance was satisfactory on all counts. © 1991.
Synthesis and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Binding Properties of Bridged and Fused Ring Analogues of Epibatidine (2007)

Epibatidine analogues 3- 5, possessing the pyridine ring fused to the 2,3 position of the 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ring, and analogue 8a, possessing a benzene ring fused to the 5,6 position, were synthesized by procedures involving key steps of trapping 2,3-pyridyne, 3,4-pyridyne, and benzyne with tert-butyl 1 H-pyrrole-1-carboxylate. Two epibatidine analogues, 6 and 7, which have the 2'-chloropyridine ring bridged to the 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ring via a methylene group, were synthesized, where the key step was an intramolecular reductive palladium-catalyzed Heck-type coupling. Even though the conformationally restricted epibatidine analogues, 3- 7, and the benzo analogue 8a possess nAChR pharmacophore features thought to be needed for alpha(4)beta(2) binding, they all showed low affinity for nAChRs relative to epibatidine. These studies provide new information concerning the pharmacophore for nAChRs and suggest that nitrogen lone-pair directionality and steric factors may be important. Interestingly, N-methylepibatidine, prepared as a standard compound for the study of bridged analogues 6 and 7, was a potent nAChR mixed agonist antagonist.
Stanford CyberLab (2003)

Cyberlab is a fully automated, Internet accessible laboratory for use in research and teaching, developed at Stanford University since 1996. Cyberlab is a completely self-contained system including a web-based scheduler, analysis tools, a data acquisition system, a digital notebook, extensive collaboration tools including simultaneous access to the equipment by multiple students, extensive security features, including firewall compliance without the need for IT intervention. The system is easily scalable and can be integrated with other distance learning programs.