gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
JPEG XS, a new standard for visually lossless low-latency lightweight image compression (2017)

JPEG XS is an upcoming standard from the JPEG Committee (formally known as ISO/IEC SC29 WG1). It aims to provide an interoperable visually lossless low-latency lightweight codec for a wide range of applications including mezzanine compression in broadcast and Pro-AV markets. This requires optimal support of a wide range of implementation technologies such as FPGAs, CPUs and GPUs. Targeted use cases are professional video links, IP transport, Ethernet transport, real-time video storage, video memory buffers, and omnidirectional video capture and rendering. In addition to the evaluation of the visual transparency of the selected technologies, a detailed analysis of the hardware and software complexity as well as the latency has been done to make sure that the new codec meets the requirements of the above-mentioned use cases. In particular, the end-to-end latency has been constrained to a maximum of 32 lines. Concerning the hardware complexity, neither encoder nor decoder should require more than 50% of an FPGA similar to Xilinx Artix 7 or 25% of an FPGA similar to Altera Cyclon 5. This process resulted in a coding scheme made of an optional color transform, a wavelet transform, the entropy coding of the highest magnitude level of groups of coefficients, and the raw inclusion of the truncated wavelet coefficients. This paper presents the details and status of the standardization process, a technical description of the future standard, and the latest performance evaluation results.
New horizons in hepatitis C antiviral therapy with direct-acting antivirals (2013)

Most direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) that are being developed as therapy against hepatitis C virus target the NS3/4A protease, the NS5A protein, and the NS5B polymerase. The latter enzyme offers different target sites: the catalytic domain for nucleos(t)ide analogues as well as a number of allosteric sites for nonnucleos(t)ide inhibitors. Two NS3/4A protease inhibitors have been approved recently, and more than 40 new NS3/4A, NS5A, or NS5B inhibitors are in development. These agents can achieve very high cure rates when combined with pegylated interferon-β and ribavirin and show promising clinical results when administered in all-oral combinations. In addition to the more canonical drug targets, new alternative viral targets for small-molecule drug development are emerging, such as p7 or NS4B and viral entry. Future research will need to define well-tolerated and cost-effective DAA combinations that provide the highest rates of viral eradication in all patients (including those with advanced liver disease), the broadest spectrum of action on viral genotypes showing minimal or no clinical resistance, and the shortest treatment duration.
Hemostatic analysis of a 13 year old with antiphospholipid syndrome and restrictive pericarditis (2007)

Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune thrombophilic disorder that is uncommon in adults and remarkably rare in children. Thrombotic etiological factors are variable in antiphospholipid syndrome, including antibody-antigen complex-mediated platelet activation, inhibition of anticoagulants, or attenuation of fibrinolysis. We present the case of a child with antiphospholipid syndrome presenting with syncope, constrictive pericarditis and hepatic enlargement that was found to have platelet-mediated hypercoagulability and marked clot lysis via thrombelastography in the preoperative period. Restoration of circulation following pericardectomy and inotropic support was associated with attenuation of hypercoagulability and fibrinolysis. It is concluded that the etiological factors responsible for antiphospholipid syndrome-mediated hemostatic abnormalities and the probable effects of hepatic hypoperfusion on clot lysis in this patient were detected with thrombelastography, and similar thrombelastographic analyses are recommended to compliment standard coagulation assessments of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome.
Unexpected formation of a cyclic vinylene sulfate in the synthesis of ethynyl-substituted acenes (2012)

(E)-2-Styrylanthracene derivatives containing triisopropylsilylacetylene groups at the 9 and 10 positions were synthesized and characterized. The electronic properties have been studied by DFT calculations, spectroscopy and electrochemistry, revealing asymmetric resonance stabilization effects that result in the regioselective formation of an unusual cyclic vinylene sulfate.
In-plane antiferromagnetism in $Na_{0.5}CoO_2$ induced by $Sb_{Co}$ dopants (2012)

$Na_xCoO_2$ has a fascinating and complex magnetic phase diagram that can be further manipulated by doping. Here, we investigated the effect of electron doping on the magnetic coupling among $Co^{4+}$ ions in $Na_xCoO_2$ using density functional theory based on Hartree-Fock hybrid functional. We found that electron doping through substitutional $Sb_{Co}$ dopants flip the in-plane ferromagnetic coupling among $Co^{4+}$ ions in the undoped compound to antiferromagnetic. Electron doping through interstitial $Cu_{Int}$, however, does not have a similar effect as $Cu_{Int}$ dopant leaves the compound ferromagnetic, just like the case of the undoped compound. The results demonstrate the critical dependence of magnetic phase in $Na_{0.5}CoO_2$ on the dopant and its incorporation site.
Elastic behavior associated with phase transitions in incommensurateBa2NaNb5O15 (2009)

The elastic behavior of barium sodium niobate $({\text{Ba}}_{2}{\text{NaNb}}_{5}{\text{O}}_{15})$ has been investigated by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy through six different structural phases, with emphasis on the five incommensurate phase transitions near 40, 110, 547, 565, and 582 K. Data near 40 K are at least consistent with the existence of a lock-in transition to $P4nm$ at that temperature [Filipic et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19, 236206 (2007)], which has been controversial. A relaxation process occurs around the transition near 110 K and is assigned to a process involving movement of domain walls of the phase. Unusual behavior is observed through the high-temperature incommensurate transitions with large variations in frequency in the ultrasonic resonances, and a broad peak in the dissipation. No clear signature of the $1q\text{\ensuremath{-}}2q$ incommensurate-incommensurate transition at 565 K is observed. This is compatible with a model in which incommensurate-incommensurate transitions are not expected to manifest elastic anomalies.
Coprophagy and Selective Retention of Fluid Digesta: Their Role in the Nutrition of the Common Ringtail Possum, Pseudocheirus Peregrinus. (1985)

In ringtail possums, Pseudocheirus peregrinus, fed a sole diet of Eucalyptus andrewsii foliage the mean retention time of the fluid marker 51Cr-EDTA in the gut (63 ± 2 h) was longer (P&amp;lt; 0.002) than that of the particulate marker 103Ru-phenanthroline (35 ± 2 h), indicating selective retention of fluid digesta in the caecum. In addition, the ringtail was observed to be coprophagic. The form of coprophagy was determined to be caecotrophy; hard faeces produced during the dark (foraging) phase were not eaten, but soft faeces produced during the light (resting) phase were taken directly from the cloaca. Soft faeces, collected when coprophagy was prevented by a plastic collar, were high in water and nitrogen content, and low in fibre relative to hard faeces. Coprophagy contributed 254 kJ.kg-0.75.d-¹ to total energy intake (equivalent to 58% of digestible energy intake), and 570 mg nitrogen per kg-0.75per day, twice the main- tenance nitrogen requirement. It was concluded that coprophagy was an important factor in explaining the ringtail possum's low requirement for nitrogen and its ability to subsist on a sole diet of Eucalyptus foliage.
Combined Local and General Analgesia for Cataract Operations (1959)

BRr^W 821
Resonant Interferometric Lithography beyond the Diffraction Limit (2008)

A novel approach for the generation of subwavelength structures in interferometric optical lithography is described. Our scheme relies on the preparation of the system in a position dependent trapping state via phase shifted standing wave patterns. Since this process only comprises resonant atom-field interactions, a multiphoton absorption medium is not required. The contrast of the induced pattern does only depend on the ratios of the applied field strengths such that our method in principle works at very low laser intensities.
Graphene‐Based Energy Devices (2015)

Owing to excellent properties of graphite reported so far, such as Young's modulus (>1060 GPa), electron conductivity (104 S m−1), thermal conductivity (∼3000 W m−1 K−1), light weight, and low cost, it is widely used in many applications. By downsizing graphite from the micro to the nano scale, namely graphene, the applications would, in future, widen to polymer composites, anode materials for Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors, hydrogen storage materials, adsorbers, and catalysts. In this chapter, we introduce the applications of graphene for energy devices such as Li-ion batteries, Li–sulfur batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells.
In vitro synthesis of tissue‐specific type ii collagen by healing cartilage (1980)

The healing of surgically induced defects in mature rabbits' hyaline cartilage was examined histologically and biochemically. The subchondral bone underneath the lesion was the source of repair. At the end of the first month, mushroom-shaped chondroid buds were seen sprouting from the subchondral bone. By the tenth week, these buds fused to a cartilagenous plug filling the lesion. The repaired cartilage synthesized Type II collagen.
Biotechs nantaises : un autre regard sur une stratégie de développement territorialisé (2009)

Nantes encourage le developpement des biotechnologies. Mais la politique menee, classique dans ses formes, se heurte a la realite d’un contexte national dans lequel la ville part en retard sur ses concurrentes nationales, tout en disposant de moins d’atouts. L’action technopolitaine, et surtout la politique de poles de competitivite, ne sauraient pour le moment compenser ces faiblesses initiales et donc combler un retard cumulatif.
Facile synthesis of fused nitrogen containing heterocycles as anticancer agents (2010)

One pot three components reaction of the pyrazol-5-one 1 with different aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile was carried out in the presence of Ammonium acetate to furnish the corresponding pyrazolopyridines 2a-g. Carrying out the same reactions in the presence of piperydine yielded the pyranopyrazoles 4a-c. Facile formation of the pyrazolopyridopyrimidines 5a-c and 6a,b was occurred via boiling of the adducts 2a,b,e in Formic acid or chloroacetic acid. Treatment of adduct 2a with triethyl orthoformat yielded the pyrazolopyrrolopyridine derivative 7. Compound 2a was also reacted with DMFDMA to form the corresponding adduct 8. Pyrazol-5-one 1 underwent three different component reactions using a variety of active methylene reagents. The utility ethylbenzoyl acetate and benzoyl acetonitrile yielded the products 9a-e and 10 respectively. Using of ethylacetoacetate and ethyl cyano acetate reagents led to the formation of adducts 11 and 12a-c, respectively. On the other hand, diethylmalonate and acetylacetone produced the corresponding products 13 and 14. The bioactivity of the compounds (2c, 2e, 2d, 4a, 4b, 9c, 9e, 11, 12b, 12c) as antitumor agents against liver carcinoma was examined.
Diffusivity of Cu2+ in calcium alginate gel beads (1994)

The diffusivity of Cu(2+) in calcium alginate beads calculated by the shrinking core model (SCM) was reevaluated in this work. The results obtained in this work were significantly different than those by the original authors. There were excellent agreements between the results obtained by the SCM in this work and those by the more rigorous linear absorption model (LAM) by the original authors.
Using computer animation for emergency medicine education (2017)

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of animation for emergency medicine education. Two groups of participants were assessed on their ability to respond to three medical emergency situations in simulated test scenarios. The control group received instruction in traditional lecture/demo format, whereas the experimental group received instruction from a computer animation. Participants' knowledge of the medical emergencies response procedures was assessed according to speed and accuracy of the treatment, and ability to complete every step and execute the steps in the correct order. Results revealed no statistically significant difference in procedural knowledge between the control and experimental groups.
The impact of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of primary motor cortex on motor learning in older adults with low levels of activity (2022)

Background/aims Older adults with different physical activity levels have often demonstrated individual differences in motor performance and learning. Serial reaction time task training and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex were used in this study to evaluate how these interventions affected motor learning in older adults with low activity levels. Methods In this randomised controlled trial, 28 healthy, right-handed, older adults with low activity levels, with a mean age of 69.92 years, were randomly allocated to an anodal transcranial direct current stimulation group (n=14) or sham transcranial direct current stimulation group (n=14), based on a simple non-probability sampling method. The experimental group was exposed to 20 minutes of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex, using a tDCS device, alongside eight sequenced or randomised blocks of serial reaction time task activities, for 5 consecutive days. In the control group, the tDCS device was automatically switched off after 1 minute. To assess implicit motor learning, the response time and error rate of two sequenced blocks of serial reaction time task activities were collected before, immediately following, 1 day and 1 week after the completion of the intervention. Results Immediately following the end of the intervention, at day 5, the mean response time and error rate were 925.09 and 2.55 in the experimental group, and 1016.52 and 4.10 in the control group. At 1 day after the completion of the intervention, the mean response time and error rates were 927.40 and 3.03 in the experimental group and 1021.91 and 4.34 in the control group. At 1 week after the completion of the intervention, the mean response time and error rates were 942.26 and 3.63 in the experimental group and 1050.08 and 5.11 in the control group. These findings indicate that response time and error rate were significantly decreased in both stimulation groups at different time points (P&lt;0.001). At the same time, there were no significant differences in the response time and error rate between the two groups at different time points: immediately (P=0.07, P=0.31), 1 day (P=0.06, P=0.41) and 1 week (P=0.04, P=0.35) after the completion of the intervention respectively. Conclusions Serial reaction time task training, with or without applying anodal transcranial direct current stimulation, can improve motor learning in low-activity older adults. Therefore, it appears that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation did not affect or improve motor learning in older adults with low motor activity. Motor learning training can be used alone as a practical and helpful intervention to improve performance and implicit motor skill learning with long-lasting effects in older adults with low levels of activity.
A new matching engine between design layout and SEM image of semiconductor device (2005)

Optical proximity correction (OPC) plays a vital role in the lithography process development of current semiconductor devices. OPC is utilized to achieve the ideal pattern shape because of the limitations of optical resolution. However, the lithography process design has become increasingly more complex due to the abundant use of OPC features. Hence, metrology requests for CD-SEM have also become more complex and diverse in order to characterize the critical OPC models. The number of measurement points for OPC model evaluation has increased to several hundred points per layer, and metrology requests for realized pattern shapes on the wafer are no longer simple one-dimensional measurements. Metrology requests include not only the traditional line width measurements, but also edge placement error (EPE) and corner rounding to identify line end shortening. Several researchers have proposed using the design layout as a template instead of the SEM image for the recipe creation of CD-SEM and EPE measurement. However, it is very difficult to achieve good matching results between the design layout and the SEM image in practical processing times. Hitachi High-Technologies has developed a robust and quick matching engine between the design layout and SEM image bitmap. The new system, incorporating this new matching engine, can automatically create a practical recipe from the coordinate information of measurement point and the design layout information, such as GDSII. As a result, the new system can vastly reduce the amount of time and number of operations required to generate a several-hundred point CD-SEM recipe for OPC evaluation. This study demonstrates the capability and presents evaluation results of this new matching engine. This new capability has proven to be a viable solution for OPC evaluation, and its efficiency will allow for quicker information turns between design and manufacturing.
An Improved Preparation of Arylboronates:  Application in One-Pot Suzuki Biaryl Synthesis† (2003)

We have developed a modification of the Miyaura arylboronate synthesis(1a) by substituting a ligandless palladium catalyst for PdCl(2)(dppf). Palladium acetate, free of ligand, was found highly effective for such coupling reactions. This modified procedure is advantageous over the original Miyaura synthesis in ease of workup, catalyst removal, and low catalyst cost. Furthermore, the boronates formed in this manner can be used directly for Suzuki coupling reactions in a one-pot fashion. The biaryl products have improved impurity profiles and reduced heavy metal contamination.
Kinetische und spektroskopische Untersuchungen über reaktionsfähige heterocyclische Säureamide (1957)

Abstract In den Reihen der N‐Acyl‐Derivate von Pyrrol, Imidazol, 1,2,4‐Triazol und Tetrazol sowie von Indol, Benzimidazol und Benztriazol wurde mit zunehmender Zahl der Ring‐Stickstoffatome eine beträchtliche Erhöhung der Hydrolyse‐ und Aminolyse‐Geschwindigkeit beobachtet, mit der eine kurzwellige Verschiebung der Carbonyl‐Valenzschwingungsbanden einhergeht. Eine Parallelität zwischen der nukleophilen Aktivität der Carbonylgruppe und der Lage der Carbonyl‐Valenzschwingungsbande wurde auch bei den äußerst reaktionsfähigen N,N'‐Carbonyl‐Derivaten des Imidazols und Triazols sowie bei substituierten N‐Benzoyl‐Derivaten der Heterocyclen beobachtet. Bei letzteren lassen sich die log k ‐Werte der Hydrolyse und Aminolyse in ihrer Abhängigkeit von der Art der Substituenten und ihrer Stellung am aromatischen Ring durch die Hammett‐Gleichung wiedergeben.
On the Adaptation of Pelvic Motion by Applying 3-dimensional Guidance Forces Using TPAD (2017)

Pelvic movement is important to human locomotion as the center of mass is located near the center of pelvis. Lateral pelvic motion plays a crucial role to shift the center of mass on the stance leg, while swinging the other leg and keeping the body balanced. In addition, vertical pelvic movement helps to reduce metabolic energy expenditure by exchanging potential and kinetic energy during the gait cycle. However, patient groups with cerebral palsy or stroke have excessive pelvic motion that leads to high energy expenditure. In addition, they have higher chances of falls as the center ofmass could deviate outside the base of support. In this paper, a novel control method is suggested using tethered pelvic assist device (TPAD) to teach subjects to walk with a specified target pelvic trajectory while walking on a treadmill. In this method, a force field is applied to the pelvis to guide it to move on a target trajectory and correctional forces are applied, if the pelvis motion has excessive deviations from the target trajectory. Three different experimentswith healthy subjects were conducted to teach them to walk on a new target pelvic trajectory with the presented control method. For all three experiments, the baseline trajectory of the pelvis was experimentally determined for each participating subject. To design a target pelvic trajectory which is different from the baseline, Experiment I scaled up the lateral component of the baseline pelvic trajectory, while Experiment II scaled down the lateral component of the baseline trajectory. For both Experiments I and II, the controller generated a 2-D force field in the transverse plane to provide the guidance force. In this paper, seven subjects were recruited for each experiment who walked on the treadmill with suggested control methods and visual feedback of their pelvic trajectory. The results show that the subjects were able to learn the target pelvic trajectory in each experiment and also retained the training effects after the completion of the experiment. In Experiment III, both lateral and vertical components of the pelvic trajectory were scaled down from the baseline trajectory. The force field was extended to three dimensions in order to correct the vertical pelvic movement as well. Three subgroups (force feedback alone, visual feedback alone, and both force and visual feedback) were recruited to understand the effects of force feedback and visual feedback alone to distinguish the results from Experiments I and II. The results showthat a trainingmethod that combines visual and force feedback is superior to the training methods with visual or force feedback alone. We believe that the present control strategy holds potential in training and correcting abnormal pelvic movements in different patient populations.