gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Engineering of Rh Catalysts with N/S-Codoped Carbon Nanosheets toward High-Performance Hydrogen Evolution from Seawater (2019)

In this study, rhodium (Rh) nanoparticles modified by N/S-codoped carbon nanosheets were prepared as a high performance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) interface electrocatalyst in seawater. Such in situ formed mesoporous graphene-like nanosheets obtained by pyrolysis of guanine sulfate are thin and have a high surface area of 437.1 m2/g, which allows homogeneous dispersion of Rh nanoparticles. The Rh catalysts show unexpected electronic asymmetry depending on the intensity of Rh–support interaction. The X-ray photoelectron spectra results indicate that the introduction of sulfur within graphene-like nanosheets can enhance the interaction between Rh nanoparticles and carbon supports, which promotes the electrons to be deviated from Rh and transferred to the interface of Rh and carbon, leading to a novel interface catalyst. Benefiting from the formation of an electron-rich interface, this as-prepared Rh-based interface catalyst exhibits superior HER activity during the whole pH range, very close to the commercial 20% Pt/C even when the loading of Rh is only 0.5 wt %. Even in seawater (pH = 8.32), this electrocatalyst shows high activity and can deliver −15 mA/cm2 current density for 10 h with good stability. We believe this work may provide a new pathway to design promising electrocatalysts for seawater splitting.
Influence of Yeast Macromolecules on Sweetness in Dry Wines: Role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Protein Hsp12 (2011)

Yeast autolysis during lees contact influences the organoleptic properties of wines especially by increasing their sweet taste. Although observed by winemakers, this phenomenon is poorly explained in enology. Moreover, the compounds responsible for sweetness in wine remain unidentified. This work provides new insights in this way by combining sensorial, biochemical and genetic approaches. First, we verified by sensory analysis that yeast autolysis in red wine has a significant effect on sweetness. Moderate additions of ethanol or glycerol did not have the same effect. Second, a sapid fraction was isolated from lees extracts by successive ultrafiltrations and HPLC purifications. Using nano-LC-MS/MS, peptides released by the yeast heat shock protein Hsp12p were distinctly identified in this sample. Third, we confirmed the sweet contribution of this protein by sensorial comparison of red wines incubated with two kinds of yeast strains: a wild-type strain containing the native Hsp12p and a deletion mutant strain that lacks the Hsp12p protein (Δ°HSP12 strain). Red wines incubated with wild-type strain showed a significantly higher sweetness than control wines incubated with Δ°HSP12 strains. These results demonstrated the contribution of protein Hsp12p in the sweet perception consecutive to yeast autolysis in wine.
52 DEPENDENCE OF SIGNAL INTENSITY ON T1 AND T2 IN THE MULTIPLE ECHO MRI PULSE SEQUENCE (1985)

Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Department of Physiology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
Design and kinematic analysis of biped robot (2010)

Most movement tasks are defined in coordinate systems that are different from the actuator space in which motor commands must be issued. Hence, movement planning and learning in task space require appropriate coordinate transformations from task to actuator space before motor commands can be computed. Therefore to move the biped robot to the desired point, the Denavit-Hartenburg (DH) algorithm is being used to provide a matrix method to derive the forward kinematic solution. The forward kinematic analysis is described in this paper.
Surgical and interventional robotics: Part II (2008)

A large family of medical interventions can be represented by a model that is analogous to industrial manufacturing systems. If the right information is available, they can be planned ahead of time and executed in a reasonably predictable manner. We, therefore, have classified them as surgical computer-aided design (CAD)-computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems, having three key concepts: 1) surgical CAD, in which medical images, anatomical atlases, and other information are combined preoperatively to model an individual patient; the computer then assists the surgeon in planning and optimizing an appropriate intervention 2) surgical CAM, in which real-time medical images and other sensor data are used to register the preoperative plan to the actual patient and the model and the plan are updated throughout the procedure; the physician performs the actual surgical procedure with the assistance of the computer, using appropriate technology (robotics, mechatronics, optical guidance, perceptual guidance, etc.) for the intervention 3) surgical total quality management (TQM), which reflects the important role that the computer can play in reducing surgical errors and in promoting more consistent and improved execution of procedures. Successful procedures are also included in procedural statistical atlases and fed back into the system for pre- and intraoperative planning. This article, primarily concerned with robotics and mechatronics, concentrates on the surgical action (surgical CAM), although for the sake of completeness, major issues in surgical planning (surgical CAD) and postoperative data analysis (surgical TQM) are also included. This article is the second installment of a three-part series on surgical and interventional robotics.
STRUCTURE OF THE MESSAGE ON THE CHANGEABLE MESSAGE SIGN (CMS) (2005)

Researchers at the Visual Detection Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, have been studying ways to optimize the presentation of changeable message signs (CMS) on roadways. These signs, also known as variable message signs (VMS) are being used to aid in traffic control as well as in providing driver information alerts. Through laboratory-based examinations of how message structure can impact its intelligibility, researchers have studied ways to match CMS content to the visual needs of drivers. Areas of focus include recall, duration of message, and layout of the message. Using results from laboratory testing, researches are now positioned to conduct field tests of proposed improvement strategies.
Deformation Studies of Liquid Crystalline Polymers (1984)

Abstract Oriented liquid crystalline polymers exhibit a macroscopic optical effect which appears as a sequence of bright and dark bands perpendicular to the orientation direction. Although these bands appear to be similar to the Williams domains in low molecular weight liquid crystals, their interpretation must satisfy not only the optical observations but also the rheological properties of the mesophases and the high mechanical properties typically exhibited by the oriented polymer morphologies produced by processing such mesophases. In view of these criteria, we discuss the formation of band patterns in thermotropic and lyotropic polymer systems and propose that the band patterns result from the ordering of macroscopic domains.
Modeling of human velocity habituation for a robotic wheelchair (2014)

This work proposes a model for human habituation while riding a robotic wheelchair. We present and describe the concept of human navigational habituation which we define as the human habituation to repetitively riding a robotic wheelchair. The approach models habituation in terms of preferred linear velocity based on the experience of riding a wheelchair. We argue that preferred velocity changes as the human gets used to riding on the wheelchair. Inexperienced users initially prefer to ride at a slow moderate pace, however the longer they ride they prefer to speed up to a certain comfort level and find initial slower velocities to be tediously “too slow” for their experience level. The proposed habituation model provides passenger preferred velocity based on experience. Human biological measurements, galvanic skin conductance, and participant feedback demonstrate the preference for habituation velocity control over fixed velocity control. To our knowledge habituation modeling is new in the field of autonomous navigation and robotics.
Influence of Market Type and Time of Purchase on Bacterial Counts and Salmonella and Listeria Prevalence in Whole Chickens in Vietnam (2021)

The objective of the current study was to determine the influence of market type and sampling time on Salmonella and Listeria prevalence and bacterial counts of 180 whole chicken carcasses collected from 6 supermarkets (SM), 6 indoor markets (IM), and 6 open markets (OM) in Vietnam, at opening (T0) and 4 h after the opening (T4). Salmonella and Listeria prevalence was at least 25.6% and 42.7%, respectively. Whole birds in IM had greater Salmonella prevalence than birds from both SM and OM by 28.4% and 23.0% (P = 0.006 and 0.022, respectively). Listeria prevalence was lower in whole chickens from SM, at 56.6%, than those in IM and OM (78.6% and 73.2%, P = 0.024 and 0.089, respectively). Whole chicken carcasses had more than 10.1, 7.5, and 9.4 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g of aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and coliforms, respectively. Both E. coli and coliform counts were greater in IM than in SM (P = 0.002 and 0.006). However, only E. coli counts differed between SM (7.7 log CFU/g) and OM (8.3 log CFU/g; P = 0.024). These results highlighted high levels of bacteria and high prevalence of Salmonella and Listeria in whole chickens in retail establishments in Vietnam, posing potential food safety and public health risks.
P3D: A parallel 3D coordinate visualization for advanced network scans (2013)

As network attacks increase in complexity, network administrators will continue to struggle with analyzing security data immediately and efficiently. To alleviate these challenges, researchers are looking into various visualization techniques (e.g., two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D)) to detect, identify, and analyze malicious attacks. This paper discusses the benefits of using a stereoscopic 3D parallel visualization techniques for network scanning, in particular, when addressing occlusion-based visualization attacks intended to confuse network administrators. To our knowledge, no 2D or 3D tool exists that analyzes these attacks. Hence, we propose a novel 3D Parallel coordinate visualization tool for advanced network scans and attacks called P3D. P3D uses flow data, filtering techniques, and state-of-the art 3D technologies to help network administrators detect distributed and coordinated network scans. Compared to other 2D and 3D network security visualization tools, P3D prevents occlusion-based visualization attacks (e.g., Windshield Wiper and Port Source Confusion attacks). We validate our tool with use-cases from emulated distributed scanning attacks. Our evaluation shows P3D allows users to extract new information about scans and minimize information overload by adding an extra dimension and awareness region in the visualization.
Associating Uncertainty to Extended Poses for on Lie Group IMU Preintegration With Rotating Earth (2021)

The recently introduced matrix group <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {SE_2(3)}$</tex-math></inline-formula> provides a 5<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {\times }$</tex-math></inline-formula>5 matrix representation for the orientation, velocity, and position of an object in the 3-D space, a triplet we call &#x201C;extended pose.&#x201D; In this article, we build on this group to develop a theory to associate uncertainty with extended poses represented by 5<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {\times }$</tex-math></inline-formula>5 matrices. Our approach is particularly suited to describe how uncertainty propagates when the extended pose represents the state of an inertial measurement unit (IMU). In particular, it allows revisiting the theory of IMU preintegration on manifold and reaching a further theoretic level in this field. Exact preintegration formulas that account for rotating earth, that is, centrifugal force and Coriolis force, are derived as a byproduct, and the factors are shown to be more accurate. The approach is validated through extensive simulations and applied to sensor fusion where a loosely coupled fixed-lag smoother fuses IMU and LiDAR on 1-h-long experiments using our experimental car. It shows how handling rotating earth may be beneficial for long-term navigation within incremental smoothing algorithms.
Travel Assistant Device (TAD) to Aid Transit Riders with Special Needs (2008)

The goal of the Americans with Disabilities (ADA) Act is to provide equal opportunity, full participation, and independence to persons with disabilities.The inability to travel, or the lack of knowledge in accessing the available transportation options, frequently translates into difficulty finding employment, seeking necessary medical services, and participating in educational or vocational training.Simple tasks such as knowing when to pull the cord to indicate the need to exit the bus can be challenging for people with cognitive disabilities.Travel trainers provide one-on-one instruction to develop the skills necessary for independent transit riding.The travel assistant device (TAD) developed for this project is a prototype software system that can be installed on off-the-shelf, GPS-enabled cell phones.The TAD software provides various informational prompts such as playing the recorded audio messages "Get ready" and "Pull the cord now!" and vibrating to alert the rider to pull the stop cord.These prompts are delivered to the rider in a just-in-time method.The real-time location of the rider can be viewed by the travel trainer or family member through a web page.TAD utilizes stop and route data provided by transit agencies in the de facto industry standard Google Transit Feed Specification format.TAD was designed for use by cognitively-disabled transit riders, but can be used by any transit user.Tools that reduce the time and cost of travel training by addressing one or more of the 23 skills necessary for a trainee to travel independently increase the mobility of the population, permit transit agencies to train individuals more efficiently, and reassure the families of these travelers.The field test results with cognitively-disabled young adults successfully demonstrated that TAD supports 3 of the 23 skills a trainee needs to possess to travel independently: watching for landmarks, recognizing a landmark near the desired bus stop, and signaling to exit at the proper time.TAD also provides confidence and security to individuals using the fixed-route transit system.Future research needs include additional testing through wider-scale deployment, integrating trip planning functionality, and combining TAD with automatic vehicle location (AVL) systems for increased reliability and approaching bus notifications.Finally, integrating the TAD into travel training curriculums makes it a tool that travel trainers can use to enhance transit rider independence and safety.17.
Impaired eIF5A function causes a Mendelian disorder that is partially rescued in model systems by spermidine (2021)

The structure of proline prevents it from adopting an optimal position for rapid protein synthesis. Poly-proline-tract (PPT) associated ribosomal stalling is resolved by highly conserved eIF5A, the only protein to contain the amino acid hypusine. We show that de novo heterozygous EIF5A variants cause a disorder characterized by variable combinations of developmental delay, microcephaly, micrognathia and dysmorphism. Yeast growth assays, polysome profiling, total/hypusinated eIF5A levels and PPT-reporters studies reveal that the variants impair eIF5A function, reduce eIF5A-ribosome interactions and impair the synthesis of PPT-containing proteins. Supplementation with 1 mM spermidine partially corrects the yeast growth defects, improves the polysome profiles and restores expression of PPT reporters. In zebrafish, knockdown eif5a partly recapitulates the human phenotype that can be rescued with 1 µM spermidine supplementation. In summary, we uncover the role of eIF5A in human development and disease, demonstrate the mechanistic complexity of EIF5A-related disorder and raise possibilities for its treatment.
Risk factors for the development of Clostridium difficile infection in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: A single‐center study in Québec, Canada (2016)

This study revealed reactivation of CMV and other Herpesviridae viruses as novel risk factors for CDI. Administration of TMP-SMX prior to transplantation was independently associated with a decreased risk of CDI. Early and late CDI after HSCT may have distinct risk factors.
On the air coolability of TRIGA reactors following a loss-of-coolant accident (1986)

This paper describes the experiments on the air-coolability of a heated rod in a vertical open annulus at near atmospheric pressure. This data can be applied to the coolability of reactor fuel rods that are totally uncovered in a Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LOCA). As a prelude to measuring air coolability of specific core geometries (bundles), heat transfer data was collected for natural convection of atmospheric air in open vertical annuli with an isoflux inner wall and an insulated outer wall (diameter ratios, annulus ratio, of 1.155, 1.33, 1.63, and 12). Although the inner heated tube had the same overall dimensions as the fuel rod in the Annular Core Research Reactor (ACRR) at Sandia National Laboratories (3.81 cm o.d. and 55.5 cm long), the heated length was only 36.0 cm rather than the entire 50.5 cm for the ACRR's rods. The test assembly was operated at heat fluxes up to 1.38 W/cm{sup 2} with a corresponding surface temperature of 852 K. The annulus data was extrapolated to an equilibrium surface temperature of 1200 K (as a coolability limit of TRIGA reactors) to provide a qualitative estimate of the coolability of multirod bundles by free convection of atmospheric air. The results suggest thatmore » for a typical pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.12 in the ACRR the decay heat removal level is about 1.0 kW/m. This corresponds to an initial decay power following sustained operations at about 12.5 kW/m in the ACRR. However, because of the uncertainties in duplicating the actual thermal-hydraulic conditions in a multirod bundle using a single rod annulus, the actual coolability of open pool reactors could be different from those suggested in this paper. (author)« less
Development of Standard Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Immunohistochemical Assays for Selection of Patients for Antihormonal Therapy (2007)

Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status in breast carcinomas are considered validated predictive factors for selecting patients for antihormonal therapy. Published surveys have shown a significant rate of disagreement and lack of reproducibility of immunohistochemistry (IHC) results from laboratories around the world. To address these limitations IHC assays for ER and PR were developed using characterized reagents, after careful calibration of the sensitivity and specificity to match established assays previously validated in large clinical studies. The ER assay uses a cocktail of 2 mouse monoclonal antibodies (1D5 and ER-2-123) and the PR assay uses 1 mouse monoclonal antibody (PgR 1294); both are followed by a polymer-peroxidase-based detection system. All antibodies were tested for specificity by epitope mapping. The sensitivity of the new assays was calibrated to be equivalent to previously validated IHC assays followed by a comparison with the validated assays in a concordance study involving over 200 specimens. All slides were scored with the "Allred Score," also used for scoring of the original validated assays. The overall concordance between the new and the established IHC assays was nearly perfect (99%). The concordance study demonstrated greater than 98% positive agreement and 100% negative agreement of the new IHC assays with the previously validated IHC assays. This equivalence establishes the clinical validation of the assays and, as they are based on newer generation reagents and are produced and tested under stringent quality control conditions to ensure their consistency, they add additional advantages to the user and patients.
An FPGA-based real quantum computer emulator (2018)

While we cannot efficiently emulate quantum algorithms on classical architectures, we can move the weight of complexity from time to hardware resources. This paper describes a proposition of a universal and scalable quantum computer emulator, in which the FPGA hardware emulates the behavior of a real quantum system, capable of running quantum algorithms while maintaining their natural time complexity. The article also shows the proposed quantum emulator architecture, exposing a standard programming interface, and working results of an implementation of an exemplary quantum algorithm.
Planetary Resources—The Asteroid Mining Company (2013)

Abstract Planetary Resources, Inc. was founded in 2009 by Eric C. Anderson and Dr. Peter H. Diamandis. Our vision is to establish a new paradigm for resource utilization that will bring the Solar System within humanity's economic sphere of influence. The company will conduct ultra low-cost robotic space exploration beginning with the Arkyd 100 Series of space telescope missions that will identify the most commercially attractive near-Earth asteroids. These initial missions will assist the company in enabling the retrieval of raw materials, ranging from water to precious metals, from these select asteroids. Planetary Resources is financed by industry-launching visionaries, three of whom include Google's CEO Larry Page and Executive Chairman Eric Schmidt and Ross Perot, Jr., Chairman of Hillwood and The Perot Group. Each are committed to expanding the world's resource base so that humanity can continue to grow and prosper. Some of the company's partners and advisors include the Bechtel Corporation; film maker and explorer James Cameron; former Chief of Staff, United States Air Force General T. Michael Moseley (Ret.); and Sara Seager, Ph.D., Professor of Planetary Science and Physics at MIT. Members of the technical staff have worked on every Mars lander since Pathfinder and include other key nonaerospace and safety-critical disciplines to pursue our vision of mining near-Earth asteroids through the rapid development of innovative and cost-effective exploration technologies. For more information, please visit www.planetaryresources.com .
Human in vivo-generated monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages cross-present antigens through a vacuolar pathway (2018)

Presentation of exogenous antigens on MHC-I molecules, termed cross-presentation, is essential for cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses. In mice, dendritic cells (DCs) that arise from monocytes (mo-DCs) during inflammation have a key function in these responses by cross-presenting antigens locally in peripheral tissues. Whether human naturally-occurring mo-DCs can cross-present is unknown. Here, we use human mo-DCs and macrophages directly purified from ascites to address this question. Single-cell RNA-seq data show that ascites CD1c<sup>+</sup> DCs contain exclusively monocyte-derived cells. Both ascites mo-DCs and monocyte-derived macrophages cross-present efficiently, but are inefficient for transferring exogenous proteins into their cytosol. Inhibition of cysteine proteases, but not of proteasome, abolishes cross-presentation in these cells. We conclude that human monocyte-derived cells cross-present exclusively using a vacuolar pathway. Finally, only ascites mo-DCs provide co-stimulatory signals to induce effector cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Our findings thus provide important insights on how to harness cross-presentation for therapeutic purposes.