gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVENESS OF A CONCRETE WATER PROOFING MATERIAL IN RETARDING REBAR CORROSION . PROCEEDINGS OF 3RD INTERNATIOAL CONFERENCE ON DETERIORATION AND REPAIR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE IN THE ARABIAN GULF, BAHRAIN, OCTOBER 21-24 1989. VOLUME 1. (1989)

This paper reports the results of an investigation to test the effectiveness of a water proofing material (a cementitious material consisting of a mixture of portland cement, very fine silicon sand, and active organic chemicals) in reducing rebar corrosion in underground concrete structures located on the Arabian Gulf coast. The structure was monitored for 4 months. The in-situ concrete conditions of the structure were determined before, and at predetermined periods up to 120 days after the application of the waterproofing material. The test programme included: (a) measurement of the half cell potential of rebars with respect to the Copper-Copper Sulphate standard electrode according to ASTM C-876; (b) determination of chloride and sulphate ion concentrations and pH at various depths; and (c) determination of physical properties including: (i) water absorption, unit weight, specific gravity and volume of permeable voids, according to ASTM C-642, (ii) electrical resistivity of concrete in as-retrieved and in saturated surface dry conditions; and (iii) ultrasonic pulse velocity through concrete according to ASTM C-597. The results showed that the waterproofing material application improved the physical quality of the concrete. However the results are not sufficient to draw a definite conclusion regarding the effectiveness of the treatment in retarding reinforcement corrosion. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 828897.
TM-FEL with a longitudinal wiggler and an annular beam (2002)

We investigate theoretically the interaction of an electron beam with a TM mode in the presence of a longitudinal wiggler. The electron motion is longitudinal and radial therefore adequate for interaction with the electric field components of the mode. There are two facts which make this device unique: firstly, the equations which describe its dynamics are practically identical to the equations of the traveling wave tube (TWT) rather than the free electron laser (FEL) thus its sensitivity to beam quality is significantly lower, and the efficiency in the absence of tapering is higher. Secondly the interaction is possible only with an annular rather than a pencil beam as in a regular FEL-therefore the amount of current it is possible to inject is larger. Optimal operation at 20.56 GHz is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Forced evolution ofEscherichia colicells with the ability to effectively utilize non-natural amino acidsl-tert-leucine,l-norleucine and γ-methyl-l-leucine (2010)

In an attempt to develop a novel biocatalyst able to efficiently catalyse the synthesis of non-natural amino acids, Escherichia coli TG1 was treated with 10 mM NaNO2 and then cultured in selective medium supplemented with 20 mM l-tert-leucine. Each culture was grown for 2 weeks and then subcultured into fresh medium with successive decreases of l-tert-leucine concentration at each transfer to a final value of 0.5 mM. The adapted cells resulting from this forced evolution procedure were able to grow in minimal medium with 0.1 mM l-tert-leucine as sole nitrogen source. Both HPLC and TLC verified progressive removal of l-tert-leucine from the medium during bacterial growth. Further studies revealed that the adapted cells metabolized l-tert-leucine by transamination, removing the amino group but leaving the carbon skeleton of the corresponding 2-oxoacid intact. Despite the mutagenesis, when the four obvious candidate amino acid aminotransferase genes were cloned and sequenced, there was no change in these structural genes. The activity of the adapted cells with l-tert-leucine is apparently attributable to the wild-type branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (IlvAT), presumably expressed at higher levels as a result of a regulatory mutation. With the isolate I-4, the resting cells transaminate l-tert-leucine, l-norleucine, l-norvaline, γ-methyl-l-leucine and dl-homophenylalanine as effectively as does the crude extract. These evolved cells may be useful for synthesizing non-natural amino acids for the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, the adapted cells can also catalyse transamination of naturally occurring hydrophobic amino acids.
Causes and consequences of variation in energy storage in Drosophila melanogaster. (1989)

Variation in energy storage pools has a proximate cause variation in rates of influx and efflux from the pools, and it may, as an ultimate consequence, result in variation in fitness. The possibility of this chain of causal links motivates attempts to quantify the genetic correlations among pool sizes, enzyme activities and fitness components. In this report, homogenates from 83 second chromosome replacement lines of Drosophila melanogaster were analyzed to determine the amounts of stored triacylglycerols and glycogen as well as the activities of 11 enzymes in relevant metabolic pathways. The viabilities and fecundities of these same lines were determined by a segregation test using the SM5 balancer chromosome. Analysis of covariance revealed significant differences among lines in quantities of stored triacylglycerols and glycogen, as well as in activities of the assayed enzymes. Significant broad-sense genetic correlations were detected for a number of enzyme pairs. Some of the traits showed a significant correlation with viability and fecundity, including lipid and glycogen storage. Multiple regression models that fitted fitness components to linear and quadratic functions of the biochemical traits yielded highly significant fits. The partial regression coefficients indicate the shape of the selection gradient, and instances of significant directional and stabilizing selection were detected.
DISPOSITION OF BASILIXIMAB, AN IL-2 RECEPTOR (CD25) CHIMERIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY, IN PEDIATRIC LIVER TRANSPLANT PATIENTS (1999)

470 Basiliximab (Simulect) is a chimeric mAb directed against IL-2 receptor (CD25) used for acute rejection prophylaxis. Its tolerability and pharmacokinetics were assessed in 18 de novo pediatric liver allograft recipients. Study design: Basiliximab was administered as a 12 mg/m2 bolus intravenous injection within 8h after reperfusion of the graft and again on day 4 posttransplant (total dose, 24 mg/m2) in addition to Neoral and cortico-steroids. Serial blood samples were collected up to 12 weeks and serum basiliximab concentrations were determined by an idiotype-specific ELISA method. Total volume of ascites fluid drainage (a potential source of drug loss) was recorded to day 14. Demographics: The study population consisted of 7 boys and 11 girls, primarily infants (5 months to 2 yrs; n=9) and children (3 to 11 yrs; n=8) with 1 adolescent (13 yrs). Overall they were 4.1 ± 4.3 yrs old, weighing 16.5 ± 11.1 kg (range, 5.8-43.7), with a body surface area of 0.65 ± 0.32 m2 (range, 0.33-1.38). Dosing: The 12 mg/m2 doses corresponded to 0.51 ± 0.09 mg/kg or 7.7 ± 4.2 mg per dose. Bolus injections were well tolerated without evidence of cytokine release syndrome or hypersensitivity reactions. Pharmacokinetics: The disposition parameters are tabulated below in comparison to those of 23 adult patients receiving 40 mg (approximately 24 mg/m2) in a separate study. (Table)TablePeak concentration after the first dose was 6.1 ± 1.9 μg/ml. Basiliximab CL in children was significantly reduced compared to adults. This appeared to be due to a smaller distribution volume rather than an appreciable difference in half life. CL was relatively independent of age, weight, and body surface area from infants to children (5 month to 11 yrs). Ascites fluid: All patients had drainage which ranged from 4 to 14+ days. Although the child with the highest drainage volume (28.8 L) had the highest drug CL (82.1 ml/hr), the remaining data showed no correlation between drainage volume (range, 0.2-6.2 L) and CL (r=0.049, p=0.853). Pharmacodynamics: Receptor-blocking basiliximab concentrations (> 0.1 μg/ml as identified by flow cytometry in adults) were maintained for one month in children receiving this 2-dose regimen.
Development of Manipulator System to Support Precise and Minimally-lnvasive Surgery in a Small Operative field (2007)

A surgical manipulator system that can answer a wide range of surgical needs is described. We have ever developed a surgical manipulator system HUMAN (Hyper-Utility Mechatronic Assista Nt). It provides minimally invasive neurosurgery in a clinical setting. Besides the obvious restriction of only being able to use this system on the brain, the operative field that this system could treat was circular within a diameter of 1cm. We therefore developed an advanced system based on HUMAN, which we call AMATERAS. This new surgical manipulator system enables precise and minimally invasive surgery on not only the brain but also on such areas as the abdomen. The setting of the manipulator needs to be usable for more than the brain and to have a treatable operative field of3cm minimum. We developed two new mechanisms: a positioning arm that has a five-bar linkage mechanism for pivoting the manipulators and a mechanism that puts some manipulators on a stand for an operating microscope, one that does not hit the surgical bed or the patient's body. With these functions, AMATERAS provides precise and minimally invasive surgery for many area of the body.
INFLUENCE OF CURRENT DENSITY AND FUEL UTILIZATION ON THE DEGRADATION OF THE ANODE (1998)

To investigate the efficiency and long term stability of Ni-YSZ-cermet anodes as a function of current density and fuel utilization, various SOFC single cells were operated under realistic working conditions for approximately 700h. The gas composition present at different positions in a fuel cell stack, because of the fuel utilization of the preceding cells, was simulated by adding a well known amount of oxygen to the fuel (H2). After operation the microstructure of the anodes was analyzed with optical microscopy and SEM. The nickel distribution before and after operation was investigated by EDX and TEM. Nickel diffusion into the electrolyte was studied by WDX. These investigations showed possible degradation processes occurring in a Ni-YSZ-cermet anode and indicated the limits of current density and fuel utilization, within which a degradation of the anode may be tolerated.
SAP HANA adoption of non-volatile memory (2017)

Non-Volatile RAM (NVRAM) is a novel class of hardware technology which is an interesting blend of two storage paradigms: byte-addressable DRAM and block-addressable storage (e.g. HDD/SSD). Most of the existing enterprise relational data management systems such as SAP HANA have their internal architecture based on the inherent assumption that memory is volatile and base their persistence on explicit handling of block-oriented storage devices. In this paper, we present the early adoption of Non-Volatile Memory within the SAP HANA Database, from the architectural and technical angles. We discuss our architectural choices, dive deeper into a few challenges of the NVRAM integration and their solutions, and share our experimental results. As we present our solutions for the NVRAM integration, we also give, as a basis, a detailed description of the relevant HANA internals.
Third Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy of Boron Subphthalocyanine (1995)

The dispersive behavior of the magnitude and phase of χ3(-3ω: ω,ω,ω,) of sublimated boron subphthalocyanine (SubPc) thin films has been investigated via third harmonic generation (THG) spectroscopy in the range 950-2000 nm. χ3 values, three times bigger than those obtained for phthalocyanines in the same frequency range, have been measured. A four-level model, including the ground state and three excited states associated to bands observed in the linear absorption spectrum, has been successfully used to explain the nonlinear behavior of these compounds. © 1995 American Chemical Society.
Optimal unbiased reduction of global image variances in SPECT (1999)

In this work, we studied a class of reconstruction algorithms, which are specified by a complex combination coefficient, in SPECT with uniform attenuation. We studied theoretically and evaluated numerically the impact of such a complex combination coefficient on the variances in reconstructed images. Specifically, we investigated whether and to what extent a complex combination coefficient can further reduce the global image variances in SPECT as compared to a real combination coefficient. We show that the algorithm specified by an optimal complex combination coefficient can provide theoretically a lower global image variance than does the the quasi-optimal algorithm that is specified by a real combination coefficient. However, because such a reduction of global image variance is only a few percent, and because the optimal complex combination coefficient is generally unobtainable without prior knowledge of the object, it is concluded that the quasi-optimal algorithm probably should be used for image reconstruction in SPECT with uniform attenuation.
Analysis and Synthesis of Quantum Circuits by Using Quantum Decision Diagrams (2006)

Quantum information processing technology is in its pioneering stage and no proficient method for synthesizing quantum circuits has been introduced so far. This paper introduces an effective analysis and synthesis framework for quantum logic circuits. The proposed synthesis algorithm and flow can generate a quantum circuit using the most basic quantum operators, i.e., the rotation and controlled-rotation primitives. The paper introduces the notion of quantum factored forms and presents a canonical and concise representation of quantum logic circuits in the form of quantum decision diagrams (QDD's), which are amenable to efficient manipulation and optimization including recursive unitary functional bi-decomposition. This paper concludes by presenting the QDD-based algorithm for automatic synthesis of quantum circuits
Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression by Insulin-Like Growth Factor I in Thyroid Carcinomas (2003)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) produced by tumor cells potently stimulates endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis and plays a key role in the pathophysiology of several neoplasias. Hypoxia activates the VEGF promoter via response elements that bind the transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Yet, the paracrine signaling pathways regulating VEGF production and angiogenesis in thyroid cancer have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we, therefore, investigated the regulation of VEGF production by the thyroid carcinoma cell line SW579. We found that IGF-I up-regulated VEGF mRNA expression and protein secretion. Furthermore, transfection of SW579 cells with vector expressing a constitutively active form of Akt, a major mediator of IGF-I signaling, also stimulated VEGF expression. The IGF-I-induced up-regulation of VEGF production was associated with activation of AP-1 and HIF-1 alpha and was abrogated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002); Jun kinase inhibitor (SP600125); HIF-1 alpha antisense oligonucleotide; or geldanamycin, an inhibitor of the heat shock protein 90 molecular chaperone, which regulates the three-dimensional conformation and function of IGF-I-receptor and Akt. These data indicate that IGF-I stimulates VEGF synthesis in thyroid carcinomas in an Akt-dependent pathway via AP-1 and HIF-1 alpha and provide the framework for clinical use of small-molecule inhibitors, including geldanamycin analogs, to abrogate proangiogenic cascades in thyroid cancer.
Enhanced laminin binding by α-dystroglycan after enzymatic deglycosylation (2005)

Carbohydrate modifications are clearly important to the function of alpha-dystroglycan but their composition and structure remain poorly understood. In the present study, we describe experiments aimed at identifying the alpha-dystroglycan oligosaccharides important for its binding to laminin-1 and carbohydrate-dependent mAbs (monoclonal antibodies) IIH6 and VIA4(1). We digested highly purified skeletal muscle alpha-dystroglycan with an array of linkage-specific endo- and exoglycosidases, which were verified for action on alpha-dystroglycan by loss/gain of reactivity for lectins with defined glyco-epitopes. Notably, digestion with a combination of Arthrobacter ureafaciens sialidase, beta(1-4)galactosidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase substantially degraded SiaAalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-2Man glycans on highly purified alpha-dystroglycan that nonetheless exhibited enhanced IIH6, VIA4(1) and laminin-1 binding activity. Additional results indicate that alpha-dystroglycan is probably modified with other anionic sugars besides sialic acid and suggest that rare alpha-linked GlcNAc moieties may block its complete deglycosylation with currently available enzymes.
Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in vascular injury (1995)

Nitric oxide (.NO), a free radical species produced by several mammalian cell types, plays a role in regulation of vascular, neurological and immunological signal transduction and function. The role of .NO in cytotoxic events is acquiring increased significance. The high rate of production and broad distribution of sites of production of .NO, combined with its facile direct and indirect reactions with metalloproteins, thiols and various oxygen radical species, assures that .NO will play a central role in regulating vascular, physiological and cellular homoeostasis, as well as critical intravascular free radical and oxidant reactions. At the same time, there are contradictions as to whether .NO mediates or limits free-radical-mediated tissue injury, and uncertainty regarding its mechanisms of action. .NO has been portrayed as a pathogenic mediator during ischaemia-reperfusion, and inflammatory and septic tissue injury. In contrast, cell-, metal- and oxidant-induced lipoprotein oxidation events, as well as hepatic, cerebrovascular, pulmonary and myocardial inflammatory and ischaemia-reperfusion injury studies, show convincingly that stimulation of endogenous .NO production or exogenous administration of .NO-donating molecules can serve a protective role by inhibition of often oxidant-related mechanisms. The final outcome of toxic versus tissue-protective reactions of .NO will depend on several factors, including sites and relative concentrations of individual reactive species and their diffusion distances. The following sections address these issues and conclude with a proposal as to how .NO serves as a central regulator of oxidant reactions and diverse free radical-related disease processes.
Assessing Patient Safety Culture in United States Hospitals (2022)

A positive patient safety culture plays a major role in reducing medical errors and increasing productivity among healthcare staff. Furthermore, understanding staff perceptions of patient safety culture and effective patient safety factors is a first step toward enhancing quality of care and patient safety. The objectives of this study were to assess patient safety culture in hospitals in the United States and to investigate the effects of hospital and respondent characteristics on perceived patient safety culture. An analysis of 67,010 respondents in the 2018 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) comparative database was conducted with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that perceptions of patient safety culture had a positive influence on the overall perceptions of patient safety and frequency of event reporting. Moreover, staff position, teaching status, and geographic region were found to have varying influence on the patient safety culture, overall perceptions of patient safety, and frequency of event reporting.
Alternatives to Fish Oil for Thinning Apples with Lime Sulfur (2005)

A tank mix of fish oil plus liquid lime sulfur has proven to be an effective chemical thinner for apples in the bloom and postbloom periods. This combination was labeled for use as a chemical thinner in Washington State in 2003. There are several concerns with fish oil when used in this thinning mixture. Phytotoxicity is one concern. Apple growers have a reluctance to utilize this oil because of its expense and repulsive odor. Research to date has been conducted using oil from a single small source in Washington State. Shipping fish oil across the country is expensive and the consistency and purity of fish oil from other sources is unknown. Fish oil may function as a surfactant and penetrant, and it may also have a direct thinning effect. The objective of these studies was to evaluate the efficacy of several surfactants and oils in combination with lime sulfur for thinning apples. Lime sulfur has been less effective as a thinner when used alone than when used with oil in our studies. Regulaid, LI-700, and Silwet L-77 were shown to be less effective than oils for achieving thinning. Vegetable oil has been very effective in the thinning combination, while petroleum oils have been effective in some eastern U.S. trials, but less effective in the west. Tank mixing fish oil with lime sulfur has remained among the best treatments in our trials, while vegetable oil also shows promise.
Coordination of Dioxygen in Three Representative Transition Metal Cations: FeO, CrO, and [CH3Re(O2)2O]+ (1995)

How is dioxygen activated by “naked” or ligated metals? Details of the potential energy surfaces of the three representative cations [Fe,O 2 ] + , [Cr,O 2 ] + , and [CH 3 Re(O 2 ) 2 O] + were correlated with mass spectrometric data. The results may lead to a better understanding of O 2 activation in synthetic, industrial, and biological processes.
Upscaling species richness and abundances in tropical forests (2017)

The quantification of tropical tree biodiversity worldwide remains an open and challenging problem. More than two-fifths of the number of worldwide trees can be found either in tropical or in subtropical forests, but only ≈0.000067% of species identities are known. We introduce an analytical framework that provides robust and accurate estimates of species richness and abundances in biodiversity-rich ecosystems, as confirmed by tests performed on both in silico-generated and real forests. Our analysis shows that the approach outperforms other methods. In particular, we find that upscaling methods based on the log-series species distribution systematically overestimate the number of species and abundances of the rare species. We finally apply our new framework on 15 empirical tropical forest plots and quantify the minimum percentage cover that should be sampled to achieve a given average confidence interval in the upscaled estimate of biodiversity. Our theoretical framework confirms that the forests studied are comprised of a large number of rare or hyper-rare species. This is a signature of critical-like behavior of species-rich ecosystems and can provide a buffer against extinction.