gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL SOLID WASTES (BABOL, IRAN 2007) (2008)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nowadays, one of the basic problems in rural areas of Iran is scattering and dumping of solid wastes. It is necessary to identify the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of solid waste before making any decision about solid waste management in rural areas. As any designation about anything is based on correct information, this study was performed to study the rate of per capita generation, density and physical composition of rural residues in Babol, Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in selected rural areas of Babol in 2007. In order to measure the per capita generation rate of solid waste (gram per day per person) in selected villages, the rate of these materials was determined in 3 consecutive days of a week in the middle of month in the middle of any season. For determining density of solid waste and waste analysis, samples were mixed completely and provided in triplicate. Any sample was been transferred to a 0.25 cubic meter plastic container and its different components were measured.FINDINGS: Maximum per capita solid waste generation rate was in the fall (786±77 gram per day) and minimum rate was in spring (387±21 gram per day). Mean per capita generation rate was 551±116 gram per day. Mean density of rural residues was 419±32 kg/m3. Mean percent of degradable materials, plastics and rubber, wood and paper, metal, glass, textile and others was 58.8, 11.9, 10.6, 6.3, 4.4, 2.4, and 5.7, respectively.CONCLUSION: Considering composition of degradable materials, composting is a suitable method for removal of rural solid wastes in Mazandaran province. According to noticeable amount of recyclable materials (plastics, paper, metal and glass), segregation and recovery programs of solid wastes should be considered in rural areas of Mazandaran.
ASIA PACIFIC TRIENNIAL: THAT'S ENTERTAINMENT. (2010)

The article reviews the exhibition Asia Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art held in Brisbane, Queensland.
Formation of a Novel Heparin-Based Hydrogel in the Presence of Heparin-Binding Biomolecules (2007)

An injectable, heparin-based hydrogel system with the potential to be gelled with cells was developed. First, heparin was modified to have thiol groups by the modification of carboxylic groups of heparin with cysteamine using carbodiimide chemistry. Thiol functionalization of heparin carboxylic groups was controlled from 10% to 60% of the available COOH groups, and the retained bioactivity of the modified heparin, characterized by its binding affinity to antithrombin III, decreased with increasing functionalization. Then, the thiol-functionalized heparin was reacted with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate to form a hydrogel. The gelation kinetics and mechanical properties of the final gel state could be tuned by controlling cross-link density. Fibroblast cell encapsulation using this hydrogel revealed the nontoxicity of the present system. Cell proliferation inside the hydrogel was observed, and it was significantly enhanced (more than 5-fold) by the addition of fibrinogen into the hydrogel during gelation.
Sentencing and the Unlikely Scholar (2006)

A senior lecturer from Newcastle University describes how he became interested in sentencing. The author explains that one of his principal concerns as a sentencing scholar is to influence he future developments of law and practice in the sentencing of convicted murderers and the eventual abolition of the natural life sentence.
Practical Guidelines for Repair of Partial Mastectomy Defects Using the Breast Reduction Technique in Patients Undergoing Breast Conservation Therapy (2007)

The authors provide practical guidelines for repairing a partial mastectomy defect using breast reduction that should minimize the occurrence of complications and optimize the cosmetic outcome.
Speed Modulation of the Continuous-Flow Total Artificial Heart to Simulate a Physiologic Arterial Pressure Waveform (2010)

This study demonstrated the concept of using speed modulation in a continuous-flow total artificial heart (CFTAH) to shape arterial pressure waveforms and to adjust pressure pulsatility. A programmable function generator was used to determine the optimum pulsatile speed profile. Three speed profiles [sinusoidal, rectangular, and optimized (a profile optimized for generation of a physiologic arterial pressure waveform)] were evaluated using the CFTAH mock circulatory loop. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at average pump speeds of 2,700 rpm and a modulation cycle of 60 beats per minute. The effects of varying physiologically relevant vascular resistance and lumped compliance on the hemodynamics were assessed. The feasibility of using speed modulation to manipulate systemic arterial pressure waveforms, including a physiologic pressure waveform, was demonstrated in vitro. The additional pump power consumption needed to generate a physiologic pulsatile pressure was 16.2% of the power consumption in nonpulsatile continuous-flow mode. The induced pressure waveforms and pulse pressure were shown to be very responsive to changes in both systemic vascular resistance and arterial compliance. This system also allowed pulsatile pulmonary arterial waveform. Speed modulation in the CFTAH could enable physicians to obtain desired pressure waveforms by simple manual adjustment of speed control input waveforms.
Role of Bulk HfO2 and Interfacial SiO2 Layer in Breakdown Characteristics of TiN/HfO2/SiO2/Si Gate Stacks (2007)

Defect generation in the interfacial SiO2 layer seems to be the leading breakdown mechanism in metal/high-k/interfacial layer/Si gate stack. In this work we reaffirm the claim by studying systematically the breakdown mechanisms of HfO2 and SiO2 separately, deposited under same growth conditions. Individual breakdown characteristics of HfO2 without any interfacial layer using MIM capacitors and in situ steam grown (ISSG) SiO2 MOS capacitors with of identical thicknesses were compared (I-t, Stress-induced leakage current) to that of the high-κ/IL/metal gate stack. It was observed that charge trapping and stress-induced trap formation in the interfacial layer continues to be the soft spot for grate stack breakdown.
The Separation and 51Chromium Labeling of Human Lymphocytes With In Vivo Studies of Survival and Migration (1971)

Abstract This study looks at the application of 51Cr labeling of lymphocytes as a method of obtaining in vivo information about the lymphocyte in human beings. Lymphocytes were separated from whole blood by methods based on isopycnic and rate zonal centrifugation techniques and the conditions for 51Cr uptake by the separated lymphocytes standardized to enable a known amount of radioactivity to be injected into the subjects under study. The uptake of the label into various sites in the body was studied by the means of surface probes linked synchronously to a digital printout device and the survival in the circulation estimated by scintillation counting of blood samples taken at various times after injection of the label. The in vivo studies of survival and migration in 10 normal subjects show an initial rapid clearance of cells from the circulation associated with an uptake of cells into spleen and liver sites, and to a lesser extent, into sites over bone marrow and the abdomen. Survival of the circulating lymphocytes after this period appears to be relatively short, with a half-life of 1.7 days. As the available evidence suggests, this short life may be due to the differential trapping of short-lived lymphocytes in the circulation at the expense of the long-lived lymphocytes. Kinetic interpretations of the data indicate an inverse exponential uptake of cells into the sites studied, and the decline over the organs appears to follow the death rate of the cells in the body as a whole. Comparisons with studies in patients having chronic lymphatic leukemia show a relative inability of leukemic lymphocytes to leave the circulation and enter some sites in the body. These preliminary studies indicate the potential of 51Cr labeling as a useful clinical research tool in the study of lymphocytes in human beings.
Translocation of Shiga toxin across polarized intestinal cells in tissue culture (1996)

Escherichia coli strains producing Shiga toxins (Stx) 1 and 2 colonize the lower gastrointestinal tract in humans and are associated with gastrointestinal and systemic diseases. Stx are detectable in the feces of infected patients, and it is likely that toxin passes from the intestinal tract lumen to underlying tissues. The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro model to study the passage of Stx across intact, polarized cell monolayers. Translocation of biologically active Stx was examined in four cell lines grown on polycarbonate filters. Stx1 translocated across intestinal cell monolayers (CaCo2A and T84 cells) in an energy-requiring and saturable manner, while the monolayers maintained a high level of electrical resistance. Stx1 had no effect on electrical resistance or inulin movement across these cell lines for at least 24 h. Induction of specific Stx receptors with sodium butyrate reduced the proportion of toxin translocated across CaCo2A monolayers but had no major effect on the movement of horseradish peroxidase or [3H]inulin. We have shown that biologically active Stx1 is capable of moving across intact polarized intestinal epithelial cells without apparent cellular disruption, probably via a transcellular pathway. The data also suggest that the presence of Stx receptors on the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells may offer some protection against the absorption of luminal Stx1.
Rho-kinase-mediated pathway induces enhanced myosin light chain phosphorylations in a swine model of coronary artery spasm (1999)

These results indicate that hydroxyfasudil-sensitive Rho-kinase-mediated pathway appears to mediate the enhanced MLC phosphorylations (on Ser19 and Ser19/Thr18 residues) and plays a central role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm.
Spectrophysics:Principles and Applications (1999)

Introduction.- Basic Atomic Theory.- Atomic Structure and Atomic Spectra.- The Analysis of Atomic Spectra.- A Summary of Molecular Structure.- Molecular Spectra.- Emission and Absorbtion.- The Width and Shape of Spectral Lines.- Radiative Transfer and Population Distributions.- Elementary Plasma Spectroscopy.- Introduction to Experimental Methods.- Dispersive Spectrometers.- Interferometric Spectrometers.- Laser Spectroscopy.- Light Sources and Detectors.- Experimental Determination of Transition Probabilities and Radiative Lifetimes.
Evaporative Cutting of a Semitransparent Body With a Moving CW Laser (1988)

The formation of a groove by partial evaporation of a moving semi-infinite and semitransparent solid is considered. Evaporative removal of material is achieved by focusing a high-power, highly concentrated Gaussian laser beam of continuous wave (CW) onto the surface of the solid. Surface heat losses due to radiation and convection are assumed to be negligible, and conductive losses are treated in an approximate fashion using a simple integral method. The relevant nonlinear partial differential equations are solved numerically, and results for groove depth and shape are presented for a variety of laser and solid parameters.
Insights into Platinum Complex-HSA Bindings: Spectral and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies (2021)

Mutual interactions of human serum albumin (HSA) with the two binuclear platinum complexes, containing [(bhq)Pt(dppm)2(Cl)Pt(bhq)(Cl)] (1) and [(bhq)Pt(dppm)2(PhMe)Pt(bhq)(CO2CF3)] (2), in which bhq=benzo[h]quinoline, and dppm=bis(diphenylphosphino) methane, were thoroughly investigated using spectroscopic and molecular modeling techniques. In this respect, fluorescence, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies, along with the docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MD) were utilized. Analysis of spectroscopic and MD simulation results revealed the structural alterations of HSA, upon binding to the binuclear platinum complexes, while the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces were found to mainly contribute to the protein-ligand intermolecular interactions. Results of far-UV CD measurements showed the strong ability of platinum complexes, in reducing the α-helical content of HSA, while other secondary structural features were increased. Due to their different chemical natures, these complexes bind to HSA in different manners. Binding constants and thermodynamic binding parameters between these complexes and HSA were calculated using the Stern−Volmer and van’t Hoff equations. Calculated thermodynamic binding parameters indicated that the interaction is spontaneous and enthalpy driven, through the static and dynamic quenching mechanisms, for complexes 1 and 2, respectively.
Effects of Hydrocolloid Thickeners on the Perception of Savory Flavors (2003)

The perceived intensities of savory flavors in hydrocolloid-thickened solutions were investigated using sensory paired comparison tests between two distinct thickener concentrations (high and low viscosities). The perceived saltiness of 3.5 g/L NaCl was found to be significantly reduced (P < 0.01) at the higher thickener concentration of both hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and lambda-carrageenan, relative to the lower concentration. Mushroom flavor (8 ppm of 1-octen-3-ol with 3 g/L NaCl) was perceived as significantly more intense (P < 0.05) in 1.7 g/L lambda-carrageenan as compared with the same concentration of flavoring in 10.2 g/L lambda-carrageenan. Garlic flavor (2.5 ppm of diallyl disulfide with 2 g/L NaCl) was perceived to be significantly more intense in 2 g/L HPMC (P < 0.01) than in 10 g/L HPMC. However, when the NaCl concentration in the more viscous sample was increased to 3 g/L, the garlic flavor intensities of the two systems were not significantly different, suggesting a perceptual interaction (enhancement) between salt taste and garlic flavor. In vivo aroma release measurements from the same samples, using API-MS, showed that hydrocolloid concentration did not significantly alter the amount of mushroom or garlic aromas released when solutions were consumed. It was concluded that changes in perceived saltiness were driving the reduction in savory flavor perception even though the aroma stimulus was unchanged (a taste-aroma interaction). These findings parallel previous results in sweet hydrocolloid-thickened solutions.
A Novel Design Approach for Co/Cross-Polarizing Chipless RFID Tags of High Coding Capacity (2017)

This paper presents a novel frequency coded chipless RFID tag, which exploits the backscattered co-polarized and cross-polarized responses from a tag illuminated with a linear polarized wave. Consequently, the tag-ID is configured in two orthogonal planes. The frequency notches are encoded in the co-polarization plane and the re-radiation peaks are encoded in the cross-polarization plane. Therefore, the co/cross-polarizing Notch/Peak modulation scheme presents a novel criterion for maximizing the coding capacity of the chipless RFID systems. Moreover, the cross-polarized response enhances the tag detection in a real environment. The proposed tag and the associated physical modulation scheme are validated using EM simulations and measurements.
Risicoduiding bij de aflevering van vrij verkijgbare producten in de apotheek (2009)

Belgische apotheken kunnen ongeveer 30% van de geregistreerde geneesmiddelen, en daarnaast heel wat niet als geneesmiddel geregistreerde producten, zoals voedingssupplementen, vrij afleveren. Over de riscio's verbonden aan de aflevering of het gebruik van deze "over the counter" (OTC)-producten ontbreken directe cijfers, al is er een reële mogelijkheid van overdosering, misbruik of interacties gezien het hoge geneesmiddelenverbruik in ons land. Niet-geneesmiddelen houden steeds een risico in van twijfelachtige farmaceutische kwaliteit en doeltreffendheid. Ongewenste effecten, interacties en contra-indicaties kunnen optreden bij het gebruik van zowel geneesmiddelen als voedingssupplementen, en dienen in kwetsbare groepen (kinderen, zwangeren en ouderen) met nog grotere aandacht te worden opgevolgd. Daarnaast hebben apothekers een rol in het vaststellen en voorkomen van oneigenlijk gebruik en (intentioneel) misbruik, en in het doelmatig inlichten van de patiënt. De basis van de risicobeheersing bij aflevering van medicijnen bestaat erin de patiënt kort en efficiënt te ondervragen om eventuele risico's op te sporen, en om te beslissen tot doorverwijzing, niet-farmacologisch advies of het instellen van OTC-therapie. Daarnaast dienen afleveringen maximaal geregistreerd te worden, zodat de apotheker kan terugvallen op een medicijnengeschiedenis van de patiënt, die als vergelijkingsbasis wordt gebruikt bij het opsporen van interacties, tegenaanwijzingen of problemen met therapietrouw.
Shot noise, LER, and quantum efficiency of EUV photoresists (2004)

The shot noise, line edge roughness (LER) and quantum efficiency of EUV interaction with seven resists related to EUV-2D (SP98248B) are studied. These resists were identical to EUV-2D except were prepared with seven levels of added base while keeping all other resist variables constant. These seven resists were patterned with EUV lithography, and LER was measured on 100-200 nm dense lines. Similarly, the resists were also imaged using DUV lithography and LER was determined for 300-500 nm dense lines. LER results for both wavelengths were plotted against E<sub>size</sub>. Both curves show very similar LER behavior-the resists requiring low doses have poor LER, whereas the resists requiring high doses have good LER. One possible explanation for the observed LER response is that the added base improves LER by reacting with the photogenerated acid to control the lateral spread of acid, leading to better chemical contrast at the line edge. An alternative explanation to the observed relationship between LER and E<sub>size</sub> is that shot-noise generated LER decreases as the number of photons absorbed at the line edge increases. We present an analytical model for the influence of shot noise based on Poisson statistics that preidicts that the LER is proportional to (E<sub>size</sub>)<sup>-1/2</sup>. Indeed, both sets of data give straight lines when plotted this way (DUV r<sup>2</sup> = 0.94; EUV r<sup>2</sup> = 0.97). We decided to further evaluate this interpretation by constructing a simulation model for shot noise resulting from exposure and acid diffusion at the mask edge. In order to acquire the data for this model, we used the base titration method developed by Szmanda et al. to determine C-parameters and hence the quantum efficiency for producing photogenerated acid. This information, together with film absorptivity, allows the calculation of number and location of acid molecules generated at the mask edgte by assuming a stochastic distribution of individual photons corresponding to the aerial image function. The edge "roughness" of the acid molecule distribution in the film at the mask edge is then simulated as a function of acid diffusion length and compared to the experimental data. In addition, comparisoins between of the number of acid molecules generated and photons consumed leads to values of quantum efficiencies for these EUV resists.
AgBase: supporting functional modeling in agricultural organisms (2010)

AgBase (http://www.agbase.msstate.edu/) provides resources to facilitate modeling of functional genomics data and structural and functional annotation of agriculturally important animal, plant, microbe and parasite genomes. The website is redesigned to improve accessibility and ease of use, including improved search capabilities. Expanded capabilities include new dedicated pages for horse, cat, dog, cotton, rice and soybean. We currently provide 590 240 Gene Ontology (GO) annotations to 105 454 gene products in 64 different species, including GO annotations linked to transcripts represented on agricultural microarrays. For many of these arrays, this provides the only functional annotation available. GO annotations are available for download and we provide comprehensive, species-specific GO annotation files for 18 different organisms. The tools available at AgBase have been expanded and several existing tools improved based upon user feedback. One of seven new tools available at AgBase, GOModeler, supports hypothesis testing from functional genomics data. We host several associated databases and provide genome browsers for three agricultural pathogens. Moreover, we provide comprehensive training resources (including worked examples and tutorials) via links to Educational Resources at the AgBase website.
Design of Contractive Output Feedback Controllers For Filtered Backstepping (2018)

This paper proposes a novel observer based filtered backstepping controller for a class of nonlinear systems. For this purpose, the contraction theory based tools are exploited to design an exponentially convergent linear time varying observer. The proposed observer satisfies the sufficient observability condition and the resulting output feedback controller assures ultimate boundedness of closed loop trajectories. The use of partial contraction concept for convergence analysis serves a dual purpose. It relaxes the choice of high gain filter parameter, whose magnitude needs to be constrained inside a conservative range in Lyapunov based approaches. Moreover, the exact dependency between closed loop system performance and design parameters are quantified in terms of known constants. The developed technique is successfully simulated for a D.C. motor driven manipulator system.
A probability model of uncertainty in data bases (1986)

Uncertainty in the contents of a data base can be due to several reasons: errors in the data which is entered, changes in the real data which have not been introduced into the data base in the form of updates, errors in the data collection process, unreliable operation of the computer system, "don't care" conditions which are purposely left open by the data base designer, etc. The purpose of this paper is to present a formal model of uncertainty in terms of a probabilistic representation of the data base, and to evaluate the effect of this uncertainty on query processing and on the aggregate or summary information which may suffice in many applications. Our model leads to precise quantifiable engineering estimates and to theorems on the robustness of answers to queries as a function of the uncertainty in the data.
Off-Pump Epicardial Atrial Fibrillation Surgery Utilizing a Novel Bipolar Radiofrequency System (2006)

Bipolar RF ablation utilizing a novel bipolar RF clamp device results in electrical isolation and histologic transmurality in an off-pump epicardial model.
Radiolocalization of 99mTc-labeled fragments in a melanoma xenografted model. (1991)

A xenograft model of human malignant melanoma was used to compare, in terms of tumor localization, the specific antimelanoma monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 225.28S with an irrelevant antibody (4C4). Both specific and non-specific 99mTc-labeled fragments were injected in 12 nude mice bearing subcutaneous tumor. The animals were then sacrificed at 6 and 24 hours post-injection and immediately dissected. Radioactivity of the tumor and normal tissues was measured in a well scintillation counter and autoradiography of tumor, liver and kidneys was also obtained. Tumor localization of 99mTc-labeled MoAb 225.28S fragments was highly specific compared with 99mTc-labeled irrelevant antibody 4C4. With the exception of the kidneys, already at six hours there was a satisfactory tumor-to-normal tissue ratio, which improved at 24 hours. However, the percentage of injected dose per gram of tumor decreased with time, probably due to the weaker bond of radiolabeled Fab' fragments to tumor cells. These results would indicate 99mTc-fragments of the antimelanoma MoAb 225.28S as a suitable radiotracer in clinical nuclear medicine.