gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Alternating-Phase Fed Single-Layer Slotted Waveguide Array in 76 GHz Band and Its Sidelobe Suppression (2005)

This paper presents designs and performances of 76 GHz band alternating-phase fed single-layer slotted waveguide arrays. Two kinds of design, that is, uniform aperture illumination for maximum gain and Taylor distribution for sidelobe suppression of -25 dB, are conducted. High gain and high efficiency performance of 34.8 dBi with 57% is achieved for the former, while satisfactory sidelobe suppression of -20 dB in the H-plane and -23 dB in the E-plane with high efficiency is confirmed for the latter. The simple structure dispensing with electrical contact between the slotted plate and the groove feed structure is the key advantage of alternating-phase fed arrays and the slotted plate is just tacked on the feed structure with screws at the periphery. High gain and high efficiency performances predicted theoretically as well as design flexibility of the alternating-phase fed array are demonstrated in the millimeter wave frequency.
Synthetic mammalian signaling circuits for robust cell population control (2020)

Summary In multicellular organisms, cells actively sense and control their own population density. Synthetic mammalian quorum sensing circuits could provide insight into principles of population control and extend cell therapies. However, a key challenge is reducing their inherent sensitivity to “cheater” mutations that evade control. Here, we repurposed the plant hormone auxin to enable orthogonal mammalian cell-cell communication and quorum sensing. We designed a paradoxical population control circuit, termed Paradaux, in which auxin stimulates and inhibits net cell growth at different concentrations. This circuit limited population size over extended timescales, of up to 42 days of continuous culture. By contrast, when operating in a non-paradoxical regime, the same cells limited population growth, but were more susceptible to mutational escape. These results establish auxin as a versatile “private” communication system, and demonstrate that paradoxical circuit architectures can provide robust population control.
The effect of shade on the container index and pupal productivity of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens breeding in artificial containers (2009)

The aim of this study was to assess whether certain attributes of larval breeding sites are correlated with pupal productivity (i.e. numbers of pupae collected per sampling period), so that these could be used as the focus for control measures to enhance control efficiency. Therefore, the objectives were to identify the months of highest pupal productivity of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) in an urban temperate cemetery in Argentina where artificial containers of < 6 L (flower vases) were the predominant breeding habitats, to compare various measures of the productivity of sunlit and shaded containers and to determine whether the composition of the containers affected pupal productivity. Over a period of 9 months, 200 randomly chosen water-filled containers (100 sunlit and 100 shaded), out of approximately 3738 containers present (approximately 54% in shade), were examined each month within a cemetery (5 ha) in Buenos Aires (October 2006 to June 2007). In total, 3440 immatures of Cx pipiens and 1974 of Ae. aegypti were collected. The larvae : pupae ratio was 10 times greater for the former, indicating that larval mortality was greater for Cx pipiens. Both mosquito species showed a higher container index (CI) in shaded than in sunlit containers (Ae. aegypti: 12.8% vs. 6.9% [chi(2) = 17.6, P < 0.001]; Cx pipiens: 6.3% vs. 1.8% [chi(2) = 24, P < 0.001]). However, the number and the density of immatures per infested container and the number of pupae per pupa-positive container did not differ significantly between sunlit and shaded containers for either species. Therefore, the overall relative productivity of pupae per ha of Ae. aegypti and Cx pipiens was 2.3 and 1.8 times greater, respectively, in shaded than in sunlit areas as a result of the greater CIs of containers in shaded areas. Neither the CI nor the number of immatures per infested container differed significantly among container types of different materials in either lighting condition. The maximum CI and total pupal counts occurred in March for Ae. aegypti and in January and February for Cx pipiens. The estimated peak abundance of pupae in the whole cemetery reached a total of approximately 4388 in the middle of March for Ae. aegypti and approximately 1059 in the middle of January for Cx pipiens. Spearman's correlations between monthly total productivity and monthly CI were significant at P < 0.001 for Ae. aegypti (r(s) = 0.975) and P < 0.01 for Cx pipiens (r(s) = 0.869). Our findings indicate that the efficacy of control campaigns against the two most important mosquito vectors in temperate Argentina could be improved by targeting containers in shaded areas, with maximum effort during species-specific times of year when pupal productivity is at its peak.
Star‐Shaped Asymmetrically Substituted Blue Emitting Carbazoles: Synthesis, Photophyscial, Electrochemical and Theoretical Investigations (2017)

Abstract A series of star‐shaped blue‐emitting 1,3,6,8‐tetrasubstituted carbazoles containing different functional groups are synthesized and characterized. Electron‐transporting N ‐phenylbenzimidazole is attached to C3 and C6 positions while the chromophore at C1 &amp; C8‐positions varied from fluorene to triphenylamine. The effect of the nature of the C1 and C8 chromophores on optical, electrochemical and thermal properties is unravelled. Absorption spectra revealed that the choice of meta − mode of connectivity between the chromophores on carbazole nucleus interrupted the interchromophoric electronic interactions in the ground state. However, the molar extinction coefficients of the dyes increased significantly on the addition of chromophores at C1 and C8 attributable to the increment in the chromophore density. Interestingly, triphenylamine and pyrene containing compounds displayed positive solvatochromism in emission attributable to intramolecular charge transfer and excimer excited states, respectively. Fluorescence and thermal properties are strongly influenced by the nature of chromophores present on C1 &amp; C8. Electrochemical studies revealed low oxidation potential for arylamine containing derivatives and led to high‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital in the series. However, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital is stabilized by pyrene substituent due to its π‐acceptor character.
Integrative Medizin in der Gynäkologischen Onkologie – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen Teil 2 (2015)

Neben den konventionellen onkologischen Therapien wird zur gegenseitigen Wirkverstärkung zusätzlich integrative Medizin eingesetzt, um den Therapieverlauf und die Lebensqualität von Krebspatientinnen zu verbessern.
La fonte des glaces : et si l'effet de serre du CO 2 anthropique n'était pas la (seule) raison ? (2019)

The all-sided information provided by greenhouse gas experts is disturbing. Future ocean level and atmosphere temperature raises are assigned to an increase of "greenhouse effect" due to the surplus of carbon dioxide (CO2) of anthropogenic origin. Reducing the fossil sources of CO2 is therefore the recommended solution. However, the related dogma is subject to polemics. As an alternative, the present approach is based on the exploitation of twelve facts and not on assumptions and calculations. It is shown that a minimal estimate of the global thermal energy consumed in 2018 (0.1 Zj) and the estimated heat necessary to melt the ices that disappeared during the year (0.08 Zj) are of the same order of magnitude. This observation suggests that the greenhouse effect of fossil CO2 is not necessary to explain the disappearance of ices. The discussion shows that taking into account the generally neglected anthropogenic heat and the water phase-transfer equilibria may explain the discrepancy observed between the rather small variations in average atmospheric and oceanic temperatures and the considerable ices melt. It is shown that the increases of total energy, of anthropogenic heat and of melted ices exhibited the same trends over the 2000-2018 period of time. A few years should be enough to confirm or invalidate these trends. In case of confirmation, replacing the fossil sources of energy by other sources to limit climate changes may turn to be ineffective if these new sources supply equivalent amounts of heat. It is the controls of population and of its bulimia in energies that will have to be promoted.
Analysis of Generalizability of Deep Neural Networks Based on the Complexity of Decision Boundary (2020)

For supervised learning models, the analysis of generalization ability (generalizability) is vital because the generalizability expresses how well a model will perform on new data. Traditional generalization measures, such as the VC dimension, do not apply to deep neural network (DNN) models. Thus, new theories to explain the generalizability of DNNs are required. In this study, we hypothesize that the DNN with a simpler decision boundary has better generalizability by the law of parsimony (Occam's Razor). We create the decision boundary complexity (DBC) score to define and measure the complexity of decision boundary of DNNs. The idea of the DBC score is to generate data points (called adversarial examples) on or near the decision boundary. Our new approach then measures the complexity of the boundary using the entropy of the eigenvalues of those data. The method works equally well for high-dimensional data. We use training data and the trained model to compute the DBC score. And, the ground truth for a model's generalizability is its test accuracy. Experiments based on the DBC score have verified our hypothesis. The DBC is shown to provide an effective method to measure the complexity of a decision boundary and gives a quantitative measure of the generalizability of DNNs.
A metric to detect fault-prone software modules using text filtering (2013)

Machine learning approaches have been widely used for fault-prone module detection. Introduction of machine learning approaches induces development of new software metrics for fault-prone module detection. We have proposed an approach to detect fault-prone modules using the spamfiltering technique. To use our approach in the conventional fault-prone module prediction approaches, we construct a metric from the output of spam-filtering based approach. Using our new metric, we conducted an experiment to show the effect of new metric. The result suggested that use of new metric as well as conventional metrics is effective for accuracy of fault-prone module prediction.
Modeling of lead-acid battery capacity loss in a photovoltaic application (2000)

The authors have developed a model for the probabilistic behavior of a rechargeable battery acting as the energy storage component in a photovoltaic power supply system. Stochastic and deterministic models are created to simulate the behavior of the system components. The components are the solar resource, the photovoltaic power supply system, the rechargeable battery, and a load. One focus of this research is to model battery state of charge and battery capacity as a function of time. The capacity damage effect that occurs during deep discharge is introduced via a non-positive function of duration and depth of deep discharge events. Because the form of this function is unknown and varies with battery type, the authors model it with an artificial neural network (ANN) whose parameters are to be trained with experimental data. The battery capacity loss model will be described and a numerical example will be presented showing the predicted battery life under different PV system use scenarios.
Hole limited recombination in polymer light-emitting diodes (1999)

By comparing the quantum efficiencies of light emission in a series of poly[2-methoxy-5(2′ethyl)hexoxy-phenylenevinylene] diodes with calcium cathodes and various anode metals, we show that, in all cases electrons are the majority carrier and recombination is limited by hole injection. These conclusions are confirmed by the examination of a second series of samples in which alkanethiol barrier layers of varying thickness, are deposited on a gold anode. The highest external quantum efficiency was achieved in these experiments using a clean, semitransparent gold anode. We suggest that electron and hole injection rates play the primary role in determining current balance and that mobilities play a minor role.
Signaling from the secretory granule to the nucleus (2012)

Neurons and endocrine cells use a complex array of signaling molecules to communicate with each other and with various targets. The majority of these signaling molecules are stored in specialized organelles awaiting release on demand: 40-60 nm vesicles carry conventional or small molecule neurotransmitters, and 200-400 nm granules contain bioactive peptides. The supply of small molecule neurotransmitters is tightly regulated by local feedback of synthetic rates and transport processes at sites of release. The larger granules that contain bioactive peptides present the secretory cell with special challenges, as the peptide precursors are inserted into the lumen of the secretory pathway in the cell soma and undergo biosynthetic processing while being transported to distant sites for eventual secretion. One solution to this dilemma in information handling has been to employ proteolytic cleavage of secretory granule membrane proteins to produce cytosolic fragments that can signal to the nucleus, affecting gene expression. The use of regulated intramembrane proteolysis to signal from secretory granules to the nucleus is compared to its much better understood role in relaying information from the endoplasmic reticulum by SREBP and ATF6 and from the plasma membrane by cadherins, Notch and ErbB4.
Anti-pancreatic cancer activity of ONC212 involves the unfolded protein response (UPR) and is reduced by IGF1-R and GRP78/BIP (2017)

Pancreatic cancer is chemo-resistant and metastasizes early with an overall five-year survival of ∼8.2%. First-in-class imipridone ONC201 is a small molecule in clinical trials with anti-cancer activity. ONC212, a fluorinated-ONC201 analogue, shows preclinical efficacy in melanoma and hepatocellular-cancer models. We investigated efficacy of ONC201 and ONC212 against pancreatic cancer cell lines (<i>N</i>=16 including 9 PDX-cell lines). We demonstrate ONC212 efficacy in 4 <i>in-vivo</i> models including ONC201-resistant tumors. ONC212 is active in pancreatic cancer as single agent or in combination with 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin or RTK inhibitor crizotinib. Based on upregulation of pro-survival IGF1-R in some tumors, we found an active combination of ONC212 with inhibitor AG1024, including <i>in vivo</i>. We show a rationale for targeting pancreatic cancer using ONC212 combined with targeting the unfolded-protein response and ER chaperones such as GRP78/BIP. Our results lay the foundation to test imipridones, anti-cancer agents, in pancreatic cancer, that is refractory to most drugs.
The Design and Analysis of Robust Feedback Systems (1992)

Abstract : In this report, we give a brief summary of the work done by the PI and his students on the design and analysis of robust feedback systems. Under this contract, we have conducted research on a number of problems in robust control and identification theory. In particular, we have obtained significant new results on H2, H-infinity, and H2/H-infinity control theory, robust digital control in the framework of sampled-data systems, identification in H-infinity, etc. In this report, we will present a brief summary of the main results obtained under the AFOSR contract.
Duodenal biopsy may be avoided when high transglutaminase antibody titers are present (2009)

Strongly positive tTG antibody titers might be sufficient for CD diagnosis in children. However, duodenal biopsy cannot be avoided in adults because disease presentation and monitoring are different.
SSBI-Free Direct-Detection System Employing Phase Modulation for Analog Optical Links (2020)

Analog optical transmission techniques such as radio-over-fiber (RoF) and multiple intermediate-frequency-over-fiber (multi-IFoF) have attracted a great deal of attention for use in 5G mobile fronthaul links. Recently, an IFoF transmission with a record CPRI-equivalent capacity of 1.53 Tb/s has been demonstrated by using the Kramers-Kronig (KK) receiver. However, one major issue associated with the KK receiver is its computational complexity. Also, since the minimum phase condition must be satisfied, the optimal carrier-to-signal power ratio (CSPR) should be large enough; however, this results in a low receiver sensitivity. To address these issues, we have recently proposed and demonstrated a signal-to-signal beat interference (SSBI)-free direct-detection (DD) system employing phase modulation (PM). Since a PM signal has a constant amplitude, its SSBI term becomes just a direct-current (DC) component. Therefore, the SSBI can be perfectly removed using a DC block without resorting to complicated digital-signal-processing (DSP)-based schemes such as the KK algorithm. In this article, we describe the principles of operation of the SSBI-free PM system in detail. We present a numerical study of performance comparisons between the SSBI-free and KK systems. The result reveals that the optimal CSPR is always 0 dB in the SSBI-free system, while it depends on optical-signal-to-noise-ratio (OSNR) levels in the KK system. The dispersion tolerance of the SSBI-free system is also investigated, showing that the SSBI-free system can support a 2-GHz 1024QAM-signal delivery in a typical deployment scenario of mobile fronthaul links. Finally, we present an experimental demonstration of a 2-GHz 1024QAM OFDM transmission with the SSBI-free system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of 1024QAM DD-based transmission for analog mobile fronthaul links.
Evolutionary Genetics of the Capsular Locus of Serogroup 6 Pneumococci (2004)

The evolution of the capsular biosynthetic (cps) locus of serogroup 6 Streptococcus pneumoniae was investigated by analyzing sequence variation within three serotype-specific cps genes from 102 serotype 6A and 6B isolates. Sequence variation within these cps genes was related to the genetic relatedness of the isolates, determined by multilocus sequence typing, and to the inferred patterns of recent evolutionary descent, explored using the eBURST algorithm. The serotype-specific cps genes had a low percent G+C, and there was a low level of sequence diversity in this region among serotype 6A and 6B isolates. There was also little sequence divergence between these serotypes, suggesting a single introduction of an ancestral cps sequence, followed by slight divergence to create serotypes 6A and 6B. A minority of serotype 6B isolates had cps sequences (class 2 sequences) that were approximately 5% divergent from those of other serotype 6B isolates (class 1 sequences) and which may have arisen by a second, more recent introduction from a related but distinct source. Expression of a serotype 6A or 6B capsule correlated perfectly with a single nonsynonymous polymorphism within wciP, the rhamnosyl transferase gene. In addition to ample evidence of the horizontal transfer of the serotype 6A and 6B cps locus into unrelated lineages, there was evidence for relatively frequent changes from serotype 6A to 6B, and vice versa, among very closely related isolates and examples of recent recombinational events between class 1 and 2 cps serogroup 6 sequences.
Coupling silicon lithography with metal casting (2022)

Micron-scale shaped 2D or 2.5D structures made of silver or copper can be produced by combining silicon photolithographic etching with metal casting by pressure infiltration. This combination of two classical processes, one from semiconductor fabrication and the other from the metallurgical industries, combines advantages of lithography and casting, namely excellent dimensional control, high reproducibility, compatibility with engineering metals used in microtechnology, and the possibility for high production rates since many parts can be produced simultaneously at every step of the process. We demonstrate the production of 2D and 2.5D structures including monocrystalline tensile specimens, of diameter selected in the range from 2.5 to 13 μm. In-situ micromechanical tensile tests performed on those samples show that microcast metal structures produced via this approach exhibit characteristics of confined plasticity, namely increases, with decreasing sample diameter, in both the flow stress and deformation intermittency.
Hydrolysis of polylactide in aqueous media (2016)

ABSTRACT In this study, two commercial polylactide (PLA) grades with different d ‐lactate contents were subjected to hydrolysis in neutral, acidic, and alkaline aqueous media at temperatures above the glass transition. We monitored the hydrolysis process by means of tracking the changes in the molecular weight distribution, weight loss, water uptake, and PLA crystallinity as a function of time. In both, neutral and acidic media, hydrolysis showed an initial induction period over which no weight loss was observed, whereas the average molecular weight dropped drastically. After this initial period, the weight loss increased rapidly, whereas the molecular weight decreased slowly. Additionally, in alkaline media, hydrolysis occurred mainly through a surface‐erosion process; this resulted in a simultaneous molecular weight decrease and weight loss without a noticeable induction period. An autocatalytic mechanism was assumed in neutral and acidic media to describe the hydrolysis kinetics. The measured molecular weight decrease over time was successfully described by a two‐stage exponential model. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 44152.
Robust consensus control by state-dependent dithers (2012)

This paper introduces a new method for enhancing robustness against communication uncertainties in consensus control by using a state and sampling-interval dependent dither in signal transmission. This method is based on the principle of Itô's formula for stochastic differential equation in which the diffusion term introduces a quadratic term in stability analysis. It is revealed that this feature can be utilized to provide robustness against communication multiplicative uncertainties, much beyond the ability of traditional feedback robustness design. Algorithms are introduced and their convergence properties are established. It is shown that appropriate design of the dithers can create a highly robust consensus control. Simulation results are used to illustrate the benefits of this method.
Cocaine-mediated impact on HIV infection in humanized BLT mice (2015)

Cocaine abuse has been shown to have broad-ranging effects on human immunity. With regards to HIV infection, in vitro studies have shown that cocaine enhances infection of stimulated lymphocytes. Moreover, cohort studies in the pre- and post-HAART era have linked stimulant abuse with increased HIV pathogenesis. The latter data, however, have been undermined by a series of confounding factors underscoring the importance of controlled in vivo models to fully assess the impact of cocaine use and abuse on HIV infection and pathogenesis. Here, we have infected humanized mice with HIV-1 following acute cocaine exposure to assess the impact on infection. Stimulant exposure resulted in increased inflammatory cytokine expression, accelerated HIV infection, while blunting effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These data demonstrate cocaine's multifactorial impact on HIV infection that extends beyond high-risk behavior.