gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reclaimed Water Systems: Biodiversity Friend or Foe? (2015)

Surface-flow type constructed wetlands are being commonly prescribed by local authorities for stormwater and wastewater treatment in many parts of Australia, and elsewhere. Despite little is known about the biodiversity in constructed wetlands up to date, these artificial wetlands can potentially develop and become complex ecosystems with a variety of fauna and flora including macroinvertebrate communities. Such communities could play an important role in the ecological functioning of healthy aquatic ecosystems because they process detritus and algae, and also provide food to other aquatic animals. In the meantime, nuisance macroinvertebrate species such as chironomid midges and mosquitoes associated with man-made systems could also raise significant health concerns as disease vectors. Water quality conditions such as low dissolved oxygen, temperature, nutrients, pH, heavy metal and organic contaminants are the key determinants of macroinvertebrate communities in man-made reclaimed water systems. Therefore, the potential impact of different reclaimed water quality parameters on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblage has been reviewed systematically. This chapter underscores the importance of promoting biodiversity through the maintenance of healthy wetlands (i.e. water quality monitoring and control aspect) and beneficial and sustainable ecosystem services which have consequences for human health (i.e. disease vector regulation).
X-ray Transparent Microfluidic Chip for Mesophase-Based Crystallization of Membrane Proteins and On-Chip Structure Determination (2014)

Crystallization from lipidic mesophase matrices is a promising route to diffraction-quality crystals and structures of membrane proteins. The microfluidic approach reported here eliminates two bottlenecks of the standard mesophase-based crystallization protocols: (i) manual preparation of viscous mesophases and (ii) manual harvesting of often small and fragile protein crystals. In the approach reported here, protein-loaded mesophases are formulated in an X-ray transparent microfluidic chip using only 60 nL of the protein solution per crystallization trial. The X-ray transparency of the chip enables diffraction data collection from multiple crystals residing in microfluidic wells, eliminating the normally required manual harvesting and mounting of individual crystals. We validated our approach by on-chip crystallization of photosynthetic reaction center, a membrane protein from <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i>, followed by solving its structure to a resolution of 2.5 Å using X-ray diffraction data collected on-chip under ambient conditions. A moderate conformational change in hydrophilic chains of the protein was observed when comparing the on-chip, room temperature structure with known structures for which data were acquired under cryogenic conditions.
Lipid nanoparticle delivery of glucagon receptor siRNA improves glucose homeostasis in mouse models of diabetes (2017)

While leptin may be more effective than Gcgr siRNA at normalizing both glucose and lipid metabolism in STZ diabetes, Gcgr siRNA is more effective at reducing blood glucose levels in HFD/STZ diabetes.
Privacy Preserving OLAP over Distributed XML Documents (2009)

We introduce a novel Privacy Preserving Distributed Data Mining routine over collections of XML documents stored in distributed environments, called secure distributed OLAP aggregation, which plays a critical role in next-generation distributed Business Intelligence (BI) scenarios. In order to effectively and efficiently support secure distributed OLAP aggregation routines in such scenarios, a privacy preserving distributed OLAP framework that embeds several points of innovation in the context of privacy preserving OLAP research is hence proposed and deeply investigated in this paper.
Huygens-Fresnel principle for surface plasmons (2009)

We present an explicit form of the surface plasmon propagator. Its form has the structure of a vectorial Huygens-Fresnel principle. The propagator appears to be a powerful tool to deal with diffraction, interference and focusing of surface plasmons. In contrast with the scalar approximation used so far, the vectorial propagator accounts for near-field and polarization effects. We illustrate the potential of the propagator by studying diffraction of surface plasmons by a slit and focusing of surface plasmons by a Fresnel lens.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic N1→N3 Rearrangement of 5′‐O‐Trityl‐O2,3‐cycloanhydrothymidine. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An automated stock price delivery system based on the GSM short message service (2002)

The development of value added services based upon the GSM standard is becoming increasingly important to both network operators and the subscriber's to such networks. This paper outlines a system capable of delivering "real time" stock price information (e.g. price, volume etc.) from Internet based stock price servers to a variety of subscriber types. The main delivery mechanism for this information is the GSM short messaging service (SMS) but the system is also equipped with an interactive voice response (IVR) system in order to support an additional automated speech prompt based delivery mechanism. The system also supports the use of GSM equipped Windows CE based palmtop computers and personal digital assistants, as subscriber terminals for the system, by means of a suite of software for accessing and managing the stock price information delivered to these terminals by the GSM SMS delivery mechanism.
An alternative approach to the tribological analysis of Si-doped DLC coatings deposited with different bias voltages using Raman spectroscopy mapping (2021)

Abstract A series of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings were deposited with increasing bias voltage using magnetron sputtering techniques. Structural changes were observed in the sp 2 -configuration across the films which were accompanied by a slight increase in the sp 3 fraction. With an increasing bias voltage, the thermal stability of the coatings increased from 300 to 450 °C. Oxygen diffusion was observed through the coating as a result of the high-temperature annealing and found to slow down with increasing bias voltage. Coefficients of friction (COF) remained stable with temperature for the individual coatings, with the softer films reporting the lowest COF. Our approach employed Raman spectroscopy to map the wear tracks at different temperatures, providing a deeper understanding of the coating performance and suggested maximum flash temperatures endured during testing.
Postnatal neuronal proliferation in mice lacking Ink4d and Kip1 inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (1999)

Development of the central nervous system requires proliferation of neuronal and glial cell precursors followed by their subsequent differentiation in a highly coordinated manner. The timing of neuronal cell cycle exit and differentiation is likely to be regulated in part by inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases. Overlapping and sustained patterns of expression of two cyclin-dependent kinases, p19(Ink4d) and p27(Kip1), in postmitotic brain cells suggested that these proteins may be important in actively repressing neuronal proliferation. Animals derived from crosses of Ink4d- null with Kip1-null mice exhibited bradykinesia, proprioceptive abnormalities, and seizures, and died at about 18 days after birth. Metabolic labeling of live animals with bromodeoxyuridine at postnatal days 14 and 18, combined with immunolabeling of neuronal markers, showed that subpopulations of central nervous system neurons were proliferating in all parts of the brain, including normally dormant cells of the hippocampus, cortex, hypothalamus, pons, and brainstem. These cells also expressed phosphorylated histone H3, a marker for late G(2) and M-phase progression, indicating that neurons were dividing after they had migrated to their final positions in the brain. Increased proliferation was balanced by cell death, resulting in no gross changes in the cytoarchitecture of the brains of these mice. Therefore, p19(Ink4d) and p27(Kip1) cooperate to maintain differentiated neurons in a quiescent state that is potentially reversible.
Design, Modeling and Synthesis of Negative Group Delay IL-Shape Topology (2019)

This paper introduces a negative group delay (NGD) theory of passive topology presenting “IL”-shape geometry. The two-port topology is comprised of a coupled line with an open- and stub-loaded terminations. After introduction of the electrical equivalent circuit, the S-parameter modeling of the IL topology is established. The transmission and reflection parameters are analytically expressed. The IL topology NGD characterization is developed in function of the design parameters. The relevance of the NGD theory is verified with fully distributed and compact prototypes implemented in microstrip technology. The tested results confirm the possibility to generate bandpass NGD function with IL topology. The calculated model, simulation and measurements are in very good correlation. Validation results showing center frequencies at about 1.55 GHz and 3.55 GHz with NGD level better than -1 ns over 30 MHz bandwidth. The IL NGD prototypes present transmission and reflection coefficients better than -3 dB and -10 dB, respectively.
The phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase/Akt pathway mediates VEGF's neuroprotective activity and induces blood brain barrier permeability after focal cerebral ischemia (2006)

Based on its trophic influence on neurons and vascular cells, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a promising candidate for stroke treatment. VEGF's survival-promoting effects are purchased at the expense of an increased blood brain barrier permeability, which potentially compromises tissue survival. The mechanisms via which VEGF protects the brain against ischemia remained unknown. We examined signaling pathways underlying VEGF's neuroprotective activity in our transgenic mouse line, which expresses human VEGF165 under a neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter. We show that VEGF receptor-2 (Flk-1) is expressed on ischemic neurons and astrocytes and is activated by VEGF. Following 90-min episodes of middle cerebral artery occlusion, VEGF increased phosphorylated (but not total) Akt and ERK-1/-2 and reduced phosphorylated mitogen activated protein kinase/p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-1/-2 levels, at the same time decreasing inducible NO synthase expression in ischemic neurons. Inhibition of Akt with Wortmannin reversed VEGF's neuroprotective properties, diminished brain swelling, and restored the vascular permeability induced by VEGF to below levels in WT animals. The aggravation of brain injury by Wortmannin was associated with the restitution of p38, but not of JNK-1/-2, ERK-1/-2, or inducible NOS (iNOS). Our data demonstrate that VEGF mediates both neuroprotection and blood brain barrier permeability via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Based on our observation that VEGF neuroprotection and vascular leakage depend on PI3K/Akt, which is putatively regulated by VEGF receptor-2, we predict that it may not easily be possible to make use of VEGF's neuroprotective function without accepting its unfavorable consequence, the increased vascular permeability.
Effect of interlayer coupling in CoFeB/Ta/NiFe free layers on the critical switching current of MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions (2009)

This paper reports the current-induced magnetization reversal characteristics of MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with CoFeB/Ta/NiFe composite free layers designed for spin-transfer-torque magnetoresistive random access memory. As the Ta spacer thickness (≤8 Å) was increased, the MTJs embedded into nanoscale integrated circuits demonstrated not only higher tunneling magnetoresistance ratios but also lower intrinsic critical switching currents. This suggests that promoting weak interlayer exchange coupling between CoFeB and NiFe is desirable for reducing the intrinsic critical switching current of CoFeB/Ta/NiFe. While the energy barrier was also reduced with a thicker Ta spacer, it was maintained at an adequate level (∼57kBT) even for the thickest Ta (8 Å) of this work.
Novel pH-Sensitive Cyclic Peptides (2016)

A series of cyclic peptides containing a number of tryptophan (W) and glutamic acid (E) residues were synthesized and evaluated as pH-sensitive agents for targeting of acidic tissue and pH-dependent cytoplasmic delivery of molecules. Biophysical studies revealed the molecular mechanism of peptides action and localization within the lipid bilayer of the membrane at high and low pHs. The symmetric, c[(WE)4WC], and asymmetric, c[E4W5C], cyclic peptides translocated amanitin, a polar cargo molecule of similar size, across the lipid bilayer and induced cell death in a pH- and concentration-dependent manner. Fluorescently-labelled peptides were evaluated for targeting of acidic 4T1 mammary tumors in mice. The highest tumor to muscle ratio (5.6) was established for asymmetric cyclic peptide, c[E4W5C], at 24 hours after intravenous administration. pH-insensitive cyclic peptide c[R4W5C], where glutamic acid residues (E) were replaced by positively charged arginine residues (R), did not exhibit tumor targeting. We have introduced a novel class of cyclic peptides, which can be utilized as a new pH-sensitive tool in investigation or targeting of acidic tissue.
A comparison of Monte Carlo and cellular automata approaches for semiconductor device simulation (1993)

A detailed comparison of Monte Carlo and cellular automata approaches as applied to the study of nonequilibrium transport and semiconductor device simulation is presented. It is shown that the novel cellular automata (CA) technique enjoys all benefits of the more traditional Monte Carlo (MC) method, while at the same time allowing considerably higher performances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transparency: Relation to Depth, Subjective Contours, Luminance, and Neon Color Spreading (1990)

The perception of transparency is highly dependent on luminance and perceived depth. An image region is seen as transparent if it is of intermediate luminance relative to adjacent image regions, and if it is perceived in front of another region and has a boundary which provides information that an object is visible through this region. Yet, transparency is not just the passive end-product of these required conditions. If perceived transparency is triggered, a number of seemingly more elemental perceptual primitives such as color, contour, and depth can be radically altered. Thus, with the perception of transparency, neon color spreading becomes apparent, depth changes, stereoscopic depth capture can be eliminated, and otherwise robust subjective contours can be abolished. In addition, we show that transparency is not coupled strongly to real-world chromatic constraints since combinations of luminance and color which would be unlikely to arise in real-world scenes still give rise to the perception of transparency. Rather than seeing transparency as a perceptual end-point, determined by seemingly more primitive processes, we interpret perceived transparency as much a 'cause', as an 'effect'. We speculate that the anatomical substrate for such mutual interaction may lie in cortical feed-forward connections which maintain modular segregation and cortical feedback connections which do not.
Artificial neural network approach for multiphase segmentation of battery electrode nano-CT images (2022)

Abstract The segmentation of tomographic images of the battery electrode is a crucial processing step, which will have an additional impact on the results of material characterization and electrochemical simulation. However, manually labeling X-ray CT images (XCT) is time-consuming, and these XCT images are generally difficult to segment with histographical methods. We propose a deep learning approach with an asymmetrical depth encode-decoder convolutional neural network (CNN) for real-world battery material datasets. This network achieves high accuracy while requiring small amounts of labeled data and predicts a volume of billions voxel within few minutes. While applying supervised machine learning for segmenting real-world data, the ground truth is often absent. The results of segmentation are usually qualitatively justified by visual judgement. We try to unravel this fuzzy definition of segmentation quality by identifying the uncertainty due to the human bias diluted in the training data. Further CNN trainings using synthetic data show quantitative impact of such uncertainty on the determination of material’s properties. Nano-XCT datasets of various battery materials have been successfully segmented by training this neural network from scratch. We will also show that applying the transfer learning, which consists of reusing a well-trained network, can improve the accuracy of a similar dataset.
Appendix D: Some Definitions for Calibration Kit Opens and Shorts (2012)

7/16 mm (Agilent 85038A) Open (Male or Female) Short (Male or Female) Delay = 66.734 ps, Loss = 0.
Amylopectin Molecular Structure Reflected in Macromolecular Organization of Granular Starch (2004)

For lintners with negligible amylose retrogradation, crystallinity related inversely to starch amylose content and, irrespective of starch source, incomplete removal of amorphous material was shown. The latter was more pronounced for B-type than for A-type starches. The two predominant lintner populations, with modal degrees of polymerization (DP) of 13-15 and 23-27, were best resolved for amylose-deficient and A-type starches. Results indicate a more specific hydrolysis of amorphous lamellae in such starches. Small-angle X-ray scattering showed a more intense 9-nm scattering peak for native amylose-deficient A-type starches than for their regular or B-type analogues. The experimental evidence indicates a lower contrasting density within the "crystalline" shells of the latter starches. A higher density in the amorphous lamellae, envisaged by the lamellar helical model, explains the relative acid resistance of linear amylopectin chains with DP > 20, observed in lintners of B-type starches. Because amylopectin chain length distributions were similar for regular and amylose-deficient starches of the same crystal type, we deduce that the more dense (and ordered) packing of double helices into lamellar structures in amylose-deficient starches is due to a different amylopectin branching pattern.
Extraordinary properties of light transmission through a small chiral hole in a metallic screen (2006)

The true three-dimensional finite element numerical solution of Maxwell's equations shows that the propagation of light through a thin flat free-standing metallic screen containing a hole of twisted shape is sensitive to whether the incident wave is left or right circularly polarized. &lt;br/&gt;The intensity map and polarization state of light are dramatically changed depending on the mutual direction of the hole's twist and the incident light's wave polarization handedness. We also observed a strong concentration of the transmitted field at the centre of the chiral hole when light in the object plane rotates against the twist of the investigated gammadion type structure.
Modulation of macrophage functioning abrogates the acute hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen (1995)

Acetaminophen is a mild analgesic and antipyretic agent that is safe and effective when taken in therapeutic doses. Ingestion of overdoses, however, may lead to acute liver failure accompanied by centrilobular degeneration and necrosis. Although the toxicity of acetaminophen is generally thought to be caused by direct interaction of its reactive metabolites with cellular macromolecules, recent studies have suggested that nonparenchymal cells also may contribute to tissue injury indirectly through the release of cytotoxic mediators. We analyzed the potential role of hepatic macrophages in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by examining the effects of modulating the activity of these cells on tissue injury. Treatment of male Long Evans Hooded rats with acetaminophen (800 mg/kg) was found to induce extensive centrilobular hepatic necrosis. Pretreatment of the rats with either dextran sulfate or gadolinium chloride, two inhibitors of hepatic macrophage functioning, completely blocked hepatic necrosis, as well as increases in serum transaminase levels induced by acetaminophen. Interestingly, treatment of rats with the macrophage activator, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also reduced tissue injury induced by acetaminophen. To exclude the possibility that the effects of gadolinium chloride, dextran sulfate, or LPS were due to alterations in acetaminophen metabolism, we analyzed the effects of these agents on various pharmacokinetic properties of this analgesic. Dextran sulfate and gadolinium chloride had no effect on the half-life of a low dose of acetaminophen (20 mg/kg), or on the activity of any of its individual pathways of metabolism, including the formation of acetaminophen-mercapturic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
3D SAR imaging of the snowpack at X- and Ku-Band: Results from the AlpSAR campaign (2014)

In this paper we present results obtained by processing the ground based SAR (GBSAR) data collected in February 2013 on the Austrian Alps in the frame of the ESA campaign AlpSAR. The GBSAR was operated at X- and Ku-Band with a bandwidth of 4 GHz and employing a 2D synthetic aperture, resulting in 3D resolution capabilities at a resolution of few centimeters. Images produced at two different sites reveal the presence of multiple layers within the snowpack. The strongest backscatter contributions have been observed to correspond to bottom layers, that dominate the ones from the snow/air interface and the near subsurface. GBSAR data are observed to provide sensitivity to the propagation velocity into the snowpack, as revealed by the apparent depth variation with respect to the incidence angle.
Effects of carrier mobility and morphology in organic semiconductor spin valves (2009)

We studied spin transport in four organic semiconductors (OSCs) with different electronic properties. Magnetoresistance (MR) effects were observed up to room temperature in junctions based on an electron-carrying OSC, tris(8-hyroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) and a hole-carrying OSC, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). The MR shows similar temperature dependence for these two OSCs. We also investigated junctions based on two high lateral mobility electron-carrying OSCs, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) and N,N′-bis(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (CF3-NTCDI). However, these junctions showed much weaker spin transport effects. Morphological studies suggest that these high mobility OSC films have much rougher surfaces than either Alq3 or CuPc, therefore the degradation of spin transport may originate from enhanced scattering due to the rougher FM/OSC interfaces. Our study shows that FM/OSC interfaces play an important role for spin transport in organic devices and need further exploration.
Chronic thalamic stimulation in a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (2002)

Abstract We report on a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA 2) with an unusual clinical presentation, including severe, disabling resting and action tremor and the successful treatment of this tremor syndrome with chronic thalamic stimulation. Using [ 123 I]β‐CIT single photon emission computed tomography, we document a marked degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in SCA 2. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Influence de la précontrainte et de la température sur les propriétés électrique du VHB4910 (2016)

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