gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aminoacylating Urzymes Challenge the RNA World Hypothesis (2020)

We describe experimental evidence that ancestral peptide catalysts substantially accelerated development of genetic coding. Structurally invariant 120–130-residue Urzymes (Ur = primitive plus enzyme) derived from Class I and Class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) acylate tRNA far faster than the uncatalyzed rate of nonribosomal peptide bond formation from activated amino acids. These new data allow us to demonstrate statistically indistinguishable catalytic profiles for Class I and II aaRSs in both amino acid activation and tRNA acylation, over a time period extending to well before the assembly of full-length enzymes and even further before the Last Universal Common Ancestor. Both Urzymes also exhibit ∼60% of the contemporary catalytic proficiencies. Moreover, they are linked by ancestral sense/antisense genetic coding, and their evident modularities suggest descent from even simpler ancestral pairs also coded by opposite strands of the same gene. Thus, aaRS Urzymes substantially pre-date modern aaRS but are, nevertheless, highly evolved. Their unexpectedly advanced catalytic repertoires, sense/antisense coding, and ancestral modularities imply considerable prior protein-tRNA co-evolution. Further, unlike ribozymes that motivated the RNA World hypothesis, Class I and II Urzyme·tRNA pairs represent consensus ancestral forms sufficient for codon-directed synthesis of nonrandom peptides. By tracing aaRS catalytic activities back to simpler ancestral peptides, we demonstrate key steps for a simpler and hence more probable peptide·RNA development of rapid coding systems matching amino acids with anticodon trinucleotides.
Mepolizumab improves lung function under real-world settings in REALITI-A study (2020)

<b>Introduction:</b> Mepolizumab (MEPO) improves lung function in clinical trials but patient selection for these studies is restricted. No restrictions apply in standard clinical practice, and data from real-life settings is limited. <b>Aims:</b> To evaluate the effectiveness of MEPO in improving lung function in real-life settings. <b>Methods:</b> REALITI-A enrolled patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) who initiated MEPO from 51 centers in 7 countries. FEV1 was measured by standard spirometry during routine clinic visits. Baseline FEV1 was defined as the latest measure prior to MEPO initiation. Post-initiation FEV1 were averages of FEV1 measures for each subject during the prospective observation periods. Changes from baseline were evaluated using mixed model repeated measures. FEV1 changes were also evaluated by baseline blood eosinophil counts (BEC). <b>Results:</b> FEV1 data was available from 298 and 174 patients at baseline and 9-12 months. Baseline FEV1 least square (LS) mean (95% CI) was 2.0L (1.9-2.1). FEV1 mean changes (95% CI) from baseline at 0-3, 3-6, 6-9 and 9-12 months were respectively 92.5 ml (38.1–147.0), 88.9 ml (29.2-148.6), 89.9 ml (24.4–155.4) and 123.3 ml (56.5–190.0). Significant increases were evident in subjects with BEC≥300 cells/µL (n=238), with a LS mean increase (95% CI) of 128.3 ml (25.7-231.0) at 9-12 months from baseline; sample size for subgroups with lower BEC is too small to draw meaningful conclusions. <b>Conclusions:</b> SEA patients, treated with MEPO in real life settings, demonstrated improvement in lung function that was sustained across the year of observation. This improvement was evident in those with baseline BEC of ≥300 cells/µL. <b>Funding:</b> GSK [204710]
A SINGLE INSERTION OF ACC OXIDASE GENE IN ANTISENSE ORIENTATION EXTENDS THE SHELF LIFE IN MUSKMELON 'GALIA' HYBRID PARENTAL LINE (CUCUMIS MELO L. VAR. RETICULATUS SER.) (2007)

ISHS III International Symposium on Cucurbits A SINGLE INSERTION OF ACC OXIDASE GENE IN ANTISENSE ORIENTATION EXTENDS THE SHELF LIFE IN MUSKMELON 'GALIA' HYBRID PARENTAL LINE (CUCUMIS MELO L. VAR. RETICULATUS SER.)
InN@SiO2 Nanomaterials as New Blue Light Emitters (2008)

Abstract In this article we report blue photoluminescence (≈ 450 nm) from InN@SiO 2 nanomaterials. The InN@SiO 2 nanomaterials were prepared by a simple precipitation reaction followed by a solid‐state reaction. Various control experiments demonstrate that the interface between the InN and SiO 2 seems to play a crucial role in the origin of the blue emission from the InN@SiO 2 nanomaterial. The InN@SiO 2 nanomaterial was characterized by using analytical methods such as TEM, XRD, Raman, XPS, and photoluminescence spectroscopy, which confirmed the existence of InN on SiO 2 with a small excess of nitrogen relative to indium.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
'Managing My Patellofemoral Pain': the creation of an education leaflet for patients (2016)

Study design: Qualitative, including consultation with international experts and patients. Purpose: Develop a brief yet comprehensive evidence-based education leaflet to be used as an adjunct in the management of patellofemoral pain (PFP) through consultation with both experts (clinical academics) and individuals with PFP. Background: Appropriate patient education is an essential component of effective PFP management. However, there are currently no published educational resources for clinicians and researchers treating individuals with PFP to help translate current evidence into clinical practice. Methods: A preliminary education leaflet titled 'Managing My Patellofemoral Pain' was created using information from the 'Best Practice Guide to Conservative Management of Patellofemoral Pain' and educational content used in published research. Feedback was sought from 21 experts (clinical academics) for accuracy, adequacy and clarity of the information in the leaflet using a semistructured questionnaire, and a number of suggested modifications were made as a result. Further feedback was sought from 20 patients diagnosed with PFP regarding the clarity and adequacy of information contained in the leaflet, and to determine additional educational resource needs. Results: The leaflet created is titled 'Managing My Patellofemoral Pain' and the main topics of the leaflet are 'What might cause my knee pain?' and 'Treatment options', which are divided into exercise and additional treatments. Patient feedback was positive, and included a number of considerations for further education resource development. Conclusions: The 'Managing My Patellofemoral Pain' education leaflet may provide a valuable resource for patients, clinicians and researchers to assist the provision of education and translation of the current evidence.
Emulsion Formation in Dripping Regime of Co-Flowing Immiscible Liquids in Co-Axial Micro-Tubes (2011)

Numerical analysis is performed of the formation of an emulsion of disperse micro-drops in the dripping regime of co-flowing immiscible liquids in co-axial micro-tubes. This parametric analysis investigated the effects of changing the interfacial tension, velocities and viscosities of the two liquids and the diameters of the coaxial micro-tubes on the dynamics, frequency and radius of the forming droplets. The transient, 2-D axisymmetric Navier-Stockes equations of the two liquids and the advection equation for the interface, subject to the momentum jump condition, are solved using a finite element method. Semi-empirical correlations are developed for the dimensionless radius and formation frequency of the droplets, based on numerical results for wide ranges of parameters. The correlations are in good agreement (+10% to -14%) with recently reported experimental measurements for water (mono-disperse) droplets in a continuous flowing salad oil in a co-axial micro-tube.
Enhanced Inflammasome Activity in Patients with Psoriasis Promotes Systemic Inflammation (2020)

Psoriasis is linked to systemic inflammation and cardiovascular comorbidities, but studies of the underlying cellular mechanisms are lacking. The NLRP3 inflammasome is genetically associated with psoriasis, and its activation is increasingly linked with cardiovascular disease. In this study, we show that patients with psoriasis exhibited higher plasma levels of inflammasome-generated IL-1β and IL-18, without any correlation to skin lesion severity. Increased constitutive expression of the inflammasome sensors NLRP3, NLRP1, and AIM2 was found in peripheral blood cells of the patients and also of those with mild disease, and this was accompanied by an increased caspase-1 reactivity in the myeloid blood subsets. TNF-α was found to activate selectively the NLRP3 inflammasome without the requirement for a priming signal. TNF-α was found to signal through the TNFR‒caspase-8‒caspase-1 alternative inflammasome pathway, which proceeds independently of pyroptosis. Patients who received anti-TNF therapy had normalized plasma IL-1β and IL-18 levels as well as normalized caspase-1 reactivity. This was in contrast to the patients treated with methotrexate who exhibited persistent, increased caspase-1 reactivity. Thus, we show that the TNF-α-mediated activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in patients with psoriasis may contribute to systemic inflammation. Anti-TNF therapy normalized inflammasome function, suggesting a mechanism for the cardiovascular risk‒reducing effect.
Real-time Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging of Lower Airway Using Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (2012)

We investigated the feasibility of a high-speed SS-OCT system along with a miniature side-viewing catheter to dynamically assess structures of the bronchus in vivo. Excellent correlations were achieved between OCT images and the corresponding histology.
On the accuracy of EM simulations of phased arrays modeled by far-field sources (2015)

Analysis of the accuracy of EM simulations of antenna arrays and arrays in vicinity of complex structures, where array elements are modeled by using far field sources, is presented in this paper. Antenna arrays with strong mutual coupling between the elements are the main problem under consideration. It is shown that if the antenna elements are minimum scattering antennas fed by current generators, an array can be accurately modeled by using far-field sources even in case of very strong mutual coupling between the elements.
Ion Liquid Chromatography On Ion Liquid Chromatography On-a-Chip Chip (2005)

OxideSensing Pt/Ti Photoresist Parylene EOF Pt/Ti Pack EOF Beads into EOF Column Pack Chromatography Beads into LC Column EOF Beads LC BeadsWe have developed an integrated ion liquid chromatography chip, which is integrated with column, frits/filters, injector and conductivity detector.On-chip separation and detection of anions in water (~25ppm) have been successfully demonstrated.The detection limit is estimated to be 1ppm for the common anions.A much-improved 2 nd -genaration chip is currently being developed to do better injection, separation, and detection.A palm-sized wireless LC system based on the LC chip is also actively being developed.
Controllable growth of graphene/Cu composite and its nanoarchitecture-dependent electrocatalytic activity to hydrazine oxidation (2014)

Three architectures are achieved for a graphene/Cu nanocomposite using one-step cyclic voltammetric electrodeposition which show distinct architecture-dependent electrocatalytic performances.
Changes in Nicotine Metabolite Ratio among Daily Smokers receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder (2022)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction&lt;/strong&gt;. Alcohol may influence the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), an index of the rate of nicotine metabolism that is associated smoking level and lapses. We examined if NMR changes during alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment and how changes in NMR relate to reductions in drinking. &lt;strong&gt;Methods.&lt;/strong&gt; Using an observational design, 22 daily smokers (63.64% male, Mage=46.77 (11.37)) receiving AUD treatment completed baseline and follow-up appointments three weeks apart. At each appointment, daily alcohol and cigarette use, salivary and urinary NMR, nicotine exposure via urinary total nicotine equivalents (TNE), and carbon monoxide (CO) were assessed. Multilevel models examined the change over time in NMR and its within-person relations with changes in drinks per week. Sex differences were evaluated. &lt;strong&gt;Results. &lt;/strong&gt;There were significant reductions in both salivary and urinary NMR over time for men (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;=.02; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;=.01, respectively) but not for women (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;=.54; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;=.90). There were no changes over time in TNE (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;=.09), CO (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;=.44), or cigarette use (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;=.44), in either sex. Drinks per week were significantly reduced for men (29.12 drink reduction, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001) but not for women (2.28 drink reduction, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;=.80); however, within-person changes in drinking were not associated with changes in salivary or urinary NMR (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;=.99; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;=.19). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions. &lt;/strong&gt;The reduction in alcohol use and NMR in men provides indirect support for alcohol increasing NMR. In contrast, the low baseline drinking and lack of alcohol reduction likely underlies the lack of change in NMR in females. Reasons for NMR reductions during AUD treatment and its effects on smoking require further study. &lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: The Cobalt Way to Vitamin B6. Regioselective Construction of the Tetrasubstituted Pyridine Nucleus by Cobalt‐catalyzed Alkyne‐Nitrile Cooligomerizations. (1986)

Abstract Cocyclization of diyne (I) (prepared via silylation of bis‐2‐propynyl ether) with MeCN (II) in the presence of Co complex (III) yields the pyridine derivative (IV) which on purification affords (V).
Immune-Reconstituted Influenza Virosome Containing CD40L Gene Enhances the Immunological and Protective Activity of a Carcinoembryonic Antigen Anticancer Vaccine (2005)

The correct interaction of a costimulatory molecule such as CD40L with its contrareceptor CD40 expressed on the membrane of professional APCs, provides transmembrane signaling that leads to APC activation. This process can be exploited to significantly improve the efficacy of cancer vaccines and the outcome of a possible cancer vaccine-induced, Ag-specific CTL response. Therefore, we investigated whether a novel intranasal delivery of immune-reconstituted influenza virosomes (IRIV), assembled with the CD40L gene (CD40L/IRIV), could be used to improve protective immunity and the Ag-specific CTL response against carcinoembryonic Ag (CEA) generated with a novel vaccine constituted of IRIV assembled with the CEA gene (CEA/IRIV). Our results suggest that CD40L/IRIV was able to augment CEA-specific CTL activity and CEA-specific protective immunity induced by CEA/IRIV most likely through the induction of a CTL response associated with a Th1 phenotype. In conclusion, we provide evidence that CD40L/IRIV, by acting through the CD40L/CD40 signaling pathway, acts as an immune-adjuvant that could increase the efficacy of a CEA-specific cancer vaccine, which could provide an efficacious new strategy for cancer therapy.
Determination of cationic surfactants by two-phase titration (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of cationic surfactants by two-phase titrationMasahiro. Tsubouchi, Hiromi. Mitsushio, and Nakamichi. YamasakiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 12, 1957–1959Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00235a060RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views482Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (455 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Reactor development for the ultrapyrolysis process (1989)

Abstract A new impinging‐jet reactor system has been developed for the fast pyrolysis (ultrapyrolysis) of particulate carbonaceous materials. The reactor system serves to promote rapid uniform mixing between a fine particulate heat carrier and a particulate feedstock in order to achieve the high heat transfer rates necessary for fast pyrolysis. Flow visualization experiments in a cold model testing unit indicated that the system performed effectively over a wide range of conditions. A sampling system utilizing isokinetic sampling probes was developed to investigate the small scale solids mixing. The effects of reactor geometry and operating conditions upon the solids mixing are reviewed.
Crystallin Genes: Templates for Lens Transparency (1984)

Analysis of recombinant DNAs provides new information on the basis of crystallin evolution and diversity. All crystallin genes contain introns. Two similar, tandemly linked chicken delta-crystallin genes, which probably arose by gene duplication, contain at least 16-17 introns. In the beta-crystallins three introns are situated between exons encoding the structural motifs of the protein, thus relating gene and protein structure. The structurally similar beta- and gamma-crystallins are coded by separate gene families which apparently arose by successive duplications of a common ancestral gene. The N-termini (5' end of gene) of the beta-crystallins appear to have diverged, while the 3' ends have been conserved. In the single murine alpha A-crystallin gene, coding information (the insert exon) for the alpha Ains peptide is contained within an intron. Alternative RNA splicing of this gene gives both the alpha A2 and the alpha Ains crystallin mRNAs. Thus, molecular genetics is providing a deeper appreciation of evolutionary events and is serving to redefine the crystallins in terms of their genes. Since the crystallins are so abundant in the lens, greater understanding of their polypeptide and gene structure should contribute to our understanding of and ability to treat cataract.
Exploring the Collagen-binding Site of the DDR1 Tyrosine Kinase Receptor (2004)

Discoidin domain receptors 1 and 2 (DDR1 and DDR2) are tyrosine kinase receptors activated by triple-helical collagens. Aberrant expression and signaling of these receptors have been implicated in several human diseases linked to accelerated matrix degradation and remodeling including tumor invasion, atherosclerosis and liver fibrosis. The objective of this study is to characterize the collagen-binding sites in the discoidin domains of DDR1 and DDR2 at a molecular level. We expressed glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins containing the discoidin and extracellular domains of DDR1 and DDR2 in insect cells and subjected them to a solid-phase collagen-binding assay. We found high affinity binding of the DDR extracellular domains to immobilized type I collagen and confirmed the discoidin-collagen interaction with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based read-out. Furthermore, we created a three-dimensional model of the DDR1 discoidin domain based on the related domains of blood coagulation factors V and VIII. This model predicts the presence of four neighboring, surface-exposed loops that are topologically equivalent to a major phospholipid-binding site in factors V and VIII. To test the involvement of these loops in collagen binding, we mutated individual amino acid residues to alanine or deleted short sequence stretches within these loops. We found that several residues within loop 1 (Ser-52-Thr-57) and loop 3 (Arg-105-Lys-112) as well as Ser-175 in loop 4 are critically involved in collagen binding. Our structure-function analysis of the DDR discoidin domains provides new insights into this non-integrin-mediated collagen-signaling mechanism and may ultimately lead to the design of small molecule inhibitors that interfere with aberrant DDR function.
Pol κ: A DNA Polymerase Required for Sister Chromatid Cohesion (2000)

Establishment of cohesion between sister chromatids is coupled to replication fork passage through an unknown mechanism. Here we report that TRF4, an evolutionarily conserved gene necessary for chromosome segregation, encodes a DNA polymerase with beta-polymerase-like properties. A double mutant in the redundant homologs, TRF4 and TRF5, is unable to complete S phase, whereas a trf4 single mutant completes a presumably defective S phase that results in a failure of cohesion between the replicated sister chromatids. This suggests that TRFs are a key link in the coordination between DNA replication and sister chromatid cohesion. Trf4 and Trf5 represent the fourth class of essential nuclear DNA polymerases (designated DNA polymerase kappa) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and probably in all eukaryotes.
Investigations into flavouring compounds formed in roasted brown mustard (Brassica juncea LINN.) (1981)

Abstract Roasted brown mustard seeds ( Brassica juncea LINN .) form an important condiment. Whereas the flavour of unroasted mustard seed powder is mainly due to isothiocyanates, their roasting brings about changes in its flavour. Twenty four compounds have been identified in roasted mustard which are responsible for its flavour, these include nine carbonyls, six pyrazines, two thiophenes, two amines, one nitrile, two isothiocyanates, one thiocyanate and one alkyl sulphide. The carbonyls were resolved as 2,4‐DNP‐hydrazones by TLC. The quantity of total carbonyls per 5 kg in roasted mustard was 105 mg as compared to 26 mg in unroasted mustard. Non‐carbonyls were separated both by GLC and TLC. By GLC these were characterised by their specific retention times on different columns and on TLC by their R and specific colour reactions. They were further confirmed by their IR spectra. Their quantitative estimation and mechanism of formation is discussed.