gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The sensitivity of medicare data for identifying incident cases of invasive melanoma (2004)

Background: The completeness of Medicare claims for identifying patients with melanoma for purposes of conducting population-based studies of melanoma is unknown. Methods: Using a linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) tumor registry-Medicare database, the sensitivity of Medicare claims for identifying 5372 patients age 265 years diagnosed with invasive melanoma between 1992 and 1996 was determined. Sensitivity was calculated as the proportion of incident cases of melanoma reported by SEER that was also captured by Medicare claim diagnostic codes. Results: The overall sensitivity of combined Part A and Part B Medicare for incident cases of melanoma was 90.1%. Part B Medicare and Part A Medicare alone had 89.5% and 16.5% sensitivity respectively. Sensitivity was lower for patients with unrecorded Breslow depth and for patients with unstaged or distant stage melanoma. Conclusions: Medicare Part B claims have a high sensitivity for detecting melanoma incidence; Medicare Part A has low sensitivity. This sharply contrasts with published studies of other cancers, for whom Part A rather than Part B Medicare captures the predominant portion of incident cases. Medicare Part B or combined Part A and Part B administrative data is a potentially valuable resource for population-based melanoma research in the elderly. Further research characterizing the specificity and predictive value of Medicare data is needed to assess the potential implications of false positive melanoma diagnostic codes.
Site-directed and deletion mutational analysis of the receptor binding domain of the interleukin-6 receptor targeted fusion toxin DAB389-IL−6 (1993)

We have used site-directed and in-frame deletion mutational analysis in order to explore the structural features of the IL-6 portion of the diphtheria toxin-related interleukin-6 (IL-6) fusion toxin DAB389-IL-6 that are essential for receptor-binding and subsequent inhibition of protein synthesis in target cells. Deletion of the first 14 amino acids of the IL-6 component of the fusion toxin did not alter either receptor binding affinity or cytotoxic potency. In contrast, both receptor binding and cytotoxic activity were abolished when the C-terminal 30 amino acids of the fusion toxin were deleted. In addition, we explored the relative role of the disulfide bridges within the IL-6 portion of DAB389-IL-6 in the stabilization of structure required for receptor-binding. The analysis of mutants in which the substitution of either Cys440, Cys446, Cys469 or Cys479 to Ser respectively, demonstrates that only the disulfide bridge between Cys469 and Cys479 is required to maintain a functional receptor binding domain. In addition, the internal in-frame deletion of residues 435-451, which includes Cys440 and Cys446, was found to reduce, but not abolish receptor binding affinity. These results further demonstrate that the disulfide bridge between Cys440 and Cys446 is not essential for receptor-binding. However, the reduced cytotoxic potency of DAB389-IL6(delta 435-451) suggests that the conformation and/or receptor binding sites associated with this region of the fusion toxin is/are important for maintaining the wild type receptor binding affinity and cytotoxic potency.
Solutions to the Constrained Flowshop Sequencing Problem (1976)

AbstractIf the flowshop sequencing problem is constrained so that job profiles are maintained independently of other work on the shop, then a range of new problem solutions are possible. Using geometrical relationships between the cumulative process times, a slope matching method has been devised which generally provides better results than Palmer's method and Gupta's algorithm. Secondly, it has been possible to reformulate the flowshop sequencing problem in terms of the travelling salesman problem. This has enabled the performance of the slope matching, Palmer and Gupta methods to be compared against a non-heuristic solution. Finally, provided that expressing a job in terms of the slopes of the cumulative start and end times is satisfactory, this enables in n-job, M-machine flowshop to be converted into an equivalent n-job 2 machine flowshop to which the use of Johnson's method will provide optimal sequences. *Now with Arthur Young, McClelland, Moores & Co.*Now with Arthur Young, McClelland, Moores & Co.
Real time monitoring and wear estimation of railway track with FBG sensors (2014)

In this work we present the results of a field trial with a FBG sensor array system for the real time monitoring of railway traffic and for the structural health monitoring of both the railway track and train wheels. The test campaigns are performed on the on the 2nd line of Milan metropolitan underground, employing more than 50 FBG sensors along 1,5 km of the rail track, where the trains are tested during daily passenger rail transport, with maximum speeds roughly of 90 km/h. The measurements were continuatively performed for over six months, with a sampling frequency of about 400 Hz. The large amount of data/sensors allow a rather accurate statistical treatment of the measurement data and permit, with dedicated algorithms, the estimation of rail and wheel wear, key traffic parameters such as the number of axles, the train speed and load, and, in the next future, the detection of localised imperfections.
Methyl Chloride (2000)

Abstract Methyl chloride is the simplest chlorinated hydrocarbon and occurs naturally in significant quantities. At ordinary temperatures and pressures it is a colorless gas with a very mild odor and a sweet taste. The principal methods of industrial preparation are methanol hydrochlorination and methane chlorination. U.S. capacity has been estimated at 339,000 t/yr. Its primary use is in the production of silicone rubbers and as a general methylating agent. Growth rates of 1–2% per year have been made for the early 1990s. Methyl chloride is regulated by a number of federal and state laws.
First Internal Spacers' Introduction in Record High $I_{\rm ON}/I_{\rm OFF}\ \hbox{TiN/HfO}_{2}$ Gate Multichannel MOSFET Satisfying Both High-Performance and Low Standby Power Requirements (2009)

For the first time, internal spacers have been introduced in multichannel CMOSFET (MCFET) structures, featuring a decrease of the intrinsic CV/I delay by 39%. The process steps introduced for this new MCFET technological option are studied and optimized in order to achieve excellent I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> characteristics (NMOS: 2.33 mA/mum at 27 pA/mum and PMOS: 1.52 mA/mum at 38 pA/mum). A gate capacitance <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gg</sub> reduction of 32% is measured, thanks to <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> -parameter extraction. Moreover, a significant improvement of the analogical figure of merit is measured compared with optimized fully depleted silicon-on-insulator planar reference; the voltage gain <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VI</sub> ( = <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gm</i> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> ) is improved by 92%.
Fluorescence‐based sensing system for copper using genetically engineered living yeast cells (2004)

A whole cell-based optical sensing system for copper was developed based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells harboring plasmid pYEX-GFPuv. The basis of this system was the ability of the transcriptional activator protein Ace1 present in S. cerevisiae to control the expression of the reporter protein, GFPuv. When copper ions are present in the sample, the Ace1 protein activates the cup1 promoter located upstream from the gfpuv gene in plasmid pYEX-GFPuv, thus inducing the production of GFPuv. The concentration of copper ions in the sample can then be related to the GFPuv expressed in the yeast. The amount of GFPuv produced in the system was determined by monitoring the fluorescence emitted at 507 nm after excitation at 397 nm. This system can detect copper at concentrations as low as 5 x 10(-7) M, and is selective for copper over a variety of metal ions, with the exception of silver. The applicability of this sensing system to different analytical platforms and in real samples is demonstrated.
Spectrin and Other Membrane-Skeletal Components in Human Red Blood Cells of Different Age (2017)

Observed results challenge the commonly accepted view that decrease in cell membrane throughout RBC life in vivo occurs via the release of spectrin-free vesicles.
Silica-based waveguide-type wavelength-insensitive couplers (WINC's) with series-tapered coupling structure (1992)

The authors propose new wavelength-insensitive directional couplers (WINCs) with series-tapered waveguides in the coupling region. The wavelength-insensitive characteristics are investigated with respect to the geometric symmetry of the series-tapered coupling structure. An approximate analysis of three types of WINC is made using simple transmission matrix multiplication. These new WINC's were fabricated based on silica-based planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) on silicon substrates. The experimental results for the wavelength-insensitive responses of the series-tapered coupler, which was designed in detail with the beam propagation method (BPM), are in good agreement with the calculated results. The novel wavelength-insensitive characteristics of these couplers are also demonstrated for the first time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Key physicochemical characteristics governing organic micropollutant adsorption and transport in ion-exchange membranes during reverse electrodialysis (2019)

The co-generation of electricity and electrodialysis of seawater in a hybrid system is a promising approach to overcome water scarcity. Reverse electrodialysis harvests energy from the salinity gradient, where seawater is used as a high salinity stream while secondary treated wastewater can be used as a sustainable low salinity stream. Treated wastewater contains organic micropollutants, which can be transported to the seawater stream. The current research establishes a connection between adsorption and transport of organic micropollutants in ion exchange membranes, using a cross-flow stack in adsorption and zero-current experiments. To mimic the composition of treated wastewater, a mixture of nineteen organic micropollutants of varied physicochemical characteristics (e.g. size, charge, polarity, hydrogen donor/acceptor count, hydrophobicity) at environmentally relevant concentrations was used. Depending on the charge, micropollutants develop different types of mechanisms responsible for short-distance interactions with ion-exchange membranes, which has a direct influence in their transport behavior. This study provides a rational basis for the optimization/design of next-generation ion-exchange membranes, in which the permeability toward organic micropollutants should be also included. This investigation highly contributes to understanding the potential hazard posed by organic micropollutants in reverse electrodialysis in seawater desalination systems, where treated wastewater is used as a low salinity stream.
Design and Implementation of IP-SAN Based on Third Party Transfer Protocols (2008)

The IP-SAN based on third party transfer protocols comprises Host(s), controller(s) and Stores by extending the SCSI-3 transport layer to support distribution application. In the implemented architecture data may be sent directly between Host and Stores, passing all commands through the Controller retains simplicity, relieving the Controller communication bottleneck. A prototype IP-SAN using Ethernet and Linux OS with the system implemented in the iSCSI transport layer protocol and in the Controller's SCSI application layer, has been constructed. The theoretical analyses indicated that the factors affecting the iSCSI-based storage system including network performance, CRC computation in iSCSI protocol and the performance of the server. The performance test proves that the analysis is right.
Corrosion Protection Properties of Polyaniline–polypyrrole Composite Coatings on Al 2024 (2001)

Polyaniline–polypyrrole composite coatings were deposited onto Al 2024 using an electrochemical process. The effect of incorporating inorganic fillers such as clay and yttria stabilised zirconia on the corrosion performance of the composite coating was studied. The coatings were analysed using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The electrodeposition parameters such as feed monomer ratio, applied current density, and reaction time were systematically varied. Results showed that the composite coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the substrate.
Engineering superior toughness in commercially viable block copolymer modified epoxy resin (2015)

ABSTRACT The microstructure and mechanical properties of a block copolymer modified commercial thermoset plastic formed from a bisphenol‐A based epoxy and a bio‐derived amine hardener (Cardolite ® NC‐541LV) were investigated. A series of poly(ethylene oxide)‐ b ‐poly(butylene oxide) (PEO‐PBO) diblock copolymers was synthesized at fixed composition (31 ± 1% by volume PEO) and varying molecular weight expanding on a commercially available PEO‐PBO compound marketed by the Dow Chemical Company under the trade name FORTEGRA™ 100; direct application of any of these block copolymers resulted in little improvement of the poor fracture toughness of the cured material. Modification of the resin formulation and curing protocol led to the development of well‐defined spherical and branched worm‐like micelles containing a PBO core and PEO corona in the cross‐linked products as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. Maximum fracture toughness ( K 1c ) and a ninefold increase in the critical strain energy release rate ( G 1c ) over the unmodified neat epoxy was achieved at 5 wt % loading of intermediate molecular weight PEO‐PBO, without measureable reductions in modulus, glass transition temperature or transparency. This study provides new strategies for engineering improved performance in thermoset materials using block copolymer additives that exhibit challenging mixing thermodynamic characteristics with the component monomers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 189–204
MobileCache: an efficient proxy cache mechanism for cell-based wireless multimedia streaming (2002)

Proxy cache located at base station is helpful for improving performance of wireless multimedia streaming. In this paper we propose a cooperative proxy cache architecture, MobileCache, for cell-based wireless environment. The proxies cooperate to provide seamless streaming for wireless client even when the client crosses the cell boundary. In order to improve the efficiency for MobileCache, we develop a cache cooperation management scheme, including cache replacement, cache migration and cache replication, which maximize the revenue for MobileCache. Simulation results confirm that, by employing the cache cooperation management, MobileCache achieves higher performance than other cache management schemes.
Enhanced breast cancer progression by mutant p53 is inhibited by the circular RNA circ-Ccnb1 (2018)

TP53 mutations occur in many different types of cancers that produce mutant p53 proteins. The mutant p53 proteins have lost wild-type p53 activity and gained new functions that contribute to malignant tumor progression. Different p53 mutations create distinct profiles in loss of wild-type p53 activity and gain of functions. Targeting the consequences generated by the great number of p53 mutations would be extremely complex. Therefore, in this study we used a workaround and took advantage of the fact that mutant p53 cannot bind H2AX. Using this, we developed a new approach to repress the acquisition of mutant p53 functions. We show here that the delivery of a circular RNA circ-Ccnb1 inhibited the function of three p53 mutations. By microarray analysis and real-time PCR, we detected decreased circ-Ccnb1 expression levels in patients bearing breast carcinoma. Ectopic delivery of circ-Ccnb1 inhibited tumor growth and extended mouse viability. Using proteomics, we found that circ-Ccnb1 precipitated p53 in p53 wild-type cells, but instead precipitated Bclaf1 in p53 mutant cells. Further experiments showed that H2AX serves as a bridge, linking the interaction of circ-Ccnb1 and wild-type p53, thus allowing Bclaf1 to bind Bcl2 resulting in cell survival. In the p53 mutant cells, circ-Ccnb1 formed a complex with H2AX and Bclaf1, resulting in the induction of cell death. We found that this occurred in three p53 mutations. These results shed light on the possible development of new approaches to inhibit the malignancy of p53 mutations.
Hemodynamic segmentation of MR brain perfusion images using Independent Component Analysis, Thresholding, and Bayesian Estimation (ICA-TBE) techniques (2003)

Synopsis Dynamic-susceptibility-contrast perfusion imaging is a widely used imaging tool for in vivo study of cerebral blood perfusion. However, visualization of different hemodynamic compartments is less investigated. We use independent component analysis, thresholding, and Bayesian estimation to concurrently segment different tissues on perfusion images of normal volunteers. Based on the spatio-temporal hemodynamics, sequential passages and microcirculation of contrast-agent particles in brain tissues are decomposed and analyzed. Late and multi-phasic perfusion, indicating the presence of contrast agents, is observed in choroid plexus and CSF areas. An arterial input function is modeled from an arterial area on the same slice.
Data from Potent Cell-Cycle Inhibition and Upregulation of Immune Response with Abemaciclib and Anastrozole in neoMONARCH, Phase II Neoadjuvant Study in HR<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>−</sup> Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;neoMONARCH assessed the biological effects of abemaciclib in combination with anastrozole in the neoadjuvant setting.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Postmenopausal women with stage I–IIIB HR&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/HER2&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; breast cancer were randomized to a 2-week lead-in of abemaciclib, anastrozole, or abemaciclib plus anastrozole followed by 14 weeks of the combination. The primary objective evaluated change in Ki67 from baseline to 2 weeks of treatment. Additional objectives included clinical, radiologic, and pathologic responses, safety, as well as gene expression changes related to cell proliferation and immune response.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Abemaciclib, alone or in combination with anastrozole, achieved a significant decrease in Ki67 expression and led to potent cell-cycle arrest after 2 weeks of treatment compared with anastrozole alone. More patients in the abemaciclib-containing arms versus anastrozole alone achieved complete cell-cycle arrest (58%/68% vs. 14%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). At the end of treatment, following 2 weeks lead-in and 14 weeks of combination therapy, 46% of intent-to-treat patients achieved a radiologic response, with pathologic complete response observed in 4%. The most common all-grade adverse events were diarrhea (62%), constipation (44%), and nausea (42%). Abemaciclib, anastrozole, and the combination inhibited cell-cycle processes and estrogen signaling; however, combination therapy resulted in increased cytokine signaling and adaptive immune response indicative of enhanced antigen presentation and activated T-cell phenotypes.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Abemaciclib plus anastrozole demonstrated biological and clinical activity with generally manageable toxicities in patients with HR&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/HER2&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; early breast cancer. Abemaciclib led to potent cell-cycle arrest, and in combination with anastrozole, enhanced immune activation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Discovery of Cell Compartment Specific Protein–Protein Interactions using Affinity Purification Combined with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2012)

Affinity purification combined with tandem mass spectrometry (AP-MS/MS) is a well-established method used to discover interaction partners for a given protein of interest. Because most AP-MS/MS approaches are performed using the soluble fraction of whole cell extracts (WCE), information about the cellular compartments where the interactions occur is lost. More importantly, classical AP-MS/MS often fails to identify interactions that take place in the nonsoluble fraction of the cell, for example, on the chromatin or membranes; consequently, protein complexes that are less soluble are underrepresented. In this paper, we introduce a method called multiple cell compartment AP-MS/MS (MCC-AP-MS/MS), which identifies the interactions of a protein independently in three fractions of the cell: the cytoplasm, the nucleoplasm, and the chromatin. We show that this fractionation improves the sensitivity of the method when compared to the classical affinity purification procedure using soluble WCE while keeping a very high specificity. Using three proteins known to localize in various cell compartments as baits, the CDK9 subunit of transcription elongation factor P-TEFb, the RNA polymerase II (RNAP II)-associated protein 4 (RPAP4), and the largest subunit of RNAP II, POLR2A, we show that MCC-AP-MS/MS reproducibly yields fraction-specific interactions. Finally, we demonstrate that this improvement in sensitivity leads to the discovery of novel interactions of RNAP II carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) interacting domain (CID) proteins with POLR2A.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTO‐INDUCED ADDITION OF A 4‐BENZOYLPYRIDINIUM N‐IMIDE TO OLEFINS (1985)

Abstract Das Pyridinium‐Ylid (I) geht unter Bestrahlung mit Cyclohexen (II) in unterschiedlich zusammengesetzte Gemische aus den Pyridinen (III) und (IV) und dem Cyclohexylamid (V) über.
The British Tax System. (1979)

Journal Article The British Tax System Get access The British Tax System. By J. A. KAY and M. A. KING. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978. Pp. xi + 275. £6.50 hardback, £2.95 paperback.) David Walker David Walker University of Exeter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 89, Issue 353, 1 March 1979, Pages 173–175, https://doi.org/10.2307/2231431 Published: 01 March 1979
Fabrication and Characterization of DNA Arrays Prepared on Carbon-on-Metal Substrates (2009)

Carbon-on-metal substrates consist of a surface plasmon-conducting metal substrate with a thin amorphous carbon overlayer. Recently, oligonucleotide arrays were in situ synthesized on carbon-on-gold substrates, and DNA hybridization experiments were monitored with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging. We describe here the thorough characterization of these substrates and arrays as they progress through the fabrication process. Two surface plasmon-conducting metals, gold and silver, were utilized in the carbon-on-metal substrate preparation and their SPR responses compared. Oligonucleotide arrays synthesized on the carbon-on-metal substrates were analyzed with fluorescence- and SPR-based measurements. The stability of the carbon-on-metal substrates when exposed to prolonged incubations and/or serial hybridizations was also determined.