gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization and properties of a novel silicon-substituted soluble polymer with a PPV structure (2003)

Soluble poly(2,5-di-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene) was prepared via a Stille coupling reaction between 2,5-diiodo-1,4-bis-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)benzene and E-1,2-bis(trin-butylstannyl)ethylene in the presence of tetrakis-(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) as the catalyst. The characterization of this material by 1 H-and 13 C-NMR, UV-Vis., and IR spectroscopies is described. The molecular weights, determined by GPC analysis and referred to standard polystyrene, were M n = 2027 and M w = 2621. Photoluminescence measurements were performed in solution and on thin films of pure material or of a blend with polystyrene.
Neighbor discovery for cognitive radio ad hoc networks (2013)

Neighbor discovery is a critical task in cognitive radio ad hoc networks since the secondary users operate on available channels which are dynamically changing according to the primary users activities. In this paper, we propose a neighbors discovery mechanism that provides how a secondary user could find its neighbor in cognitive radio ad hoc networks without any collaboration. In this mechanism, no prior knowledge of neighboring users is required. In the cognitive radio networks, the available channel sets are varying and users choose neighbor discovery strategies according to the number of available channels they observed. In other words, neighbor discovery strategies are adaptively changing in a dynamic environment. The strategies are simple and totally distributed, but these provide minimum time to rendezvous (TTR).
Regulation of signaling directionality revealed by 3D snapshots of a kinase:regulator complex in action (2016)

Two-component systems (TCS) are protein machineries that enable cells to respond to input signals. Histidine kinases (HK) are the sensory component, transferring information toward downstream response regulators (RR). HKs transfer phosphoryl groups to their specific RRs, but also dephosphorylate them, overall ensuring proper signaling. The mechanisms by which HKs discriminate between such disparate directions, are yet unknown. We now disclose crystal structures of the HK:RR complex DesK:DesR from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, comprising snapshots of the phosphotransfer and the dephosphorylation reactions. The HK dictates the reactional outcome through conformational rearrangements that include the reactive histidine. The phosphotransfer center is asymmetric, poised for dissociative nucleophilic substitution. The structural bases of HK phosphatase/phosphotransferase control are uncovered, and the unexpected discovery of a dissociative reactional center, sheds light on the evolution of TCS phosphotransfer reversibility. Our findings should be applicable to a broad range of signaling systems and instrumental in synthetic TCS rewiring.
Designs in finite metric spaces: a probabilistic approach (2021)

A finite metric space is called here distance degree regular if its distance degree sequence is the same for every vertex. A notion of designs in such spaces is introduced that generalizes that of designs in $Q$-polynomial distance-regular graphs. An approximation of their cumulative distribution function, based on the notion of Christoffel function in approximation theory is given. As an application we derive limit laws on the weight distributions of binary orthogonal arrays of strength going to infinity. An analogous result for combinatorial designs of strength going to infinity is given.
Uric Acid as a Predictor of All-Cause Mortality in Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis (2011)

Serum uric acid (SUA) is a product of xanthine oxidase (XO). Apoptosis and tissue hypoxia lead to increased purine catabolism, which, in turn, increases XO activity and subsequently SUA levels. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the evidence supporting SUA as a predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure (HF) and to determine the SUA cut-off for the increase in risk. A search of the MEDLINE database (1966 to March 2009) supplemented by manual searches of bibliographies of key relevant articles was performed. The authors selected all cohort studies in which SUA was measured and mortality was reported in patients with HF. The pooled relative risk (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for all-cause mortality using the fixed-effects method was calculated. The effects of SUA on all-cause mortality at different SUA cut-offs using meta-regression was evaluated. The search strategy yielded 358 studies, of which only 6 met our eligibility criteria. The studies, however, comprised 1456 evaluable patients with HF, with a median ejection fraction of 32% (range, 26%-40%). The RR of all-cause mortality was 2.13 (95% CI, 1.78-2.55) for SUA>6.5 mg/dL compared with <6.5 mg/dL SUA level. There was a linear association (P<.01) between SUA and mortality after 7 mg/dL. Uric acid is an important prognostic marker for all-cause mortality in HF. SUA levels >7 mg/dL are associated with higher all-cause mortality.
Networks from α,ω-Dihydroxypoly(dimethylsiloxane) and (Tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)triethoxysilane:  Surface Microstructures and Surface Characterization (1999)

The dibutyltin diacetate-catalyzed reaction of (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)triethoxysilane (FTEOS) with dihydroxy-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane), HO(Me2SiO)nH, has been used to prepare surface-modified siloxane networks. Surface characterization of these elastomers was carried out with electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface phase separation occurs as a function of FTEOS concentration. For example, FTEOS-6x compositions (where 6x is the initial SiOEt/SiOH ratio) exhibited micron scale “islands” of fluorinated siliceous phase (FSP) surrounded by a siloxane-rich “sea”. In FTEOS-12x, the FSP formed a continuous layer on the elastomeric network. Differing dynamic contact angle (DCA) analysis protocols with water as the interrogating fluid showed that water contamination affects force vs distance curve (fdc) data on samples up to FTEOS-10x. Intrinsic wetting behavior is reproduced only with a protocol where clean water is used for each DCA cycle. For FTEOS-12x, an FSP monodomain exists characterized by high θadv (135−6°) and low θrec (55−56°), similar to previously reported values for fluoroalkyl side chain polymers. Long-term testing showed that the coatings undergo slow chemical degradation by water, with the rate depending on composition. FTEOS-12x is chemically stable in water due to the continuous FSP overlayer.
Human endogenous retrovirus np9 gene is over expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients (2014)

The human genome contains a large number of endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). Their reactivation has frequently been observed in patients with cancer. Considering their role in the carcinogenesis process, we aimed to study the possible relationship between HERVs gene expression and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). We focused on two viral genes gag and np9, the latter presumably an oncogene. We found that the transcriptional activity of HERV-K np9 gene was greater in CLL patients than in healthy donors. However, gag expression was not significantly increased. These findings suggest a noteworthy relationship between CLL disease and HERV-K np9 expression.
The Consistency of the Medical Expert System CADIAG-2 (2011)

CADIAG-2 is a well known rule-based medical expert system aimed at providing support in medical diagnose in the field of internal medicine. Its knowledge base consists of a large collection of IF-THEN rules that represent uncertain relationships between distinct medical entities. Given this uncertainty and the size of the system, it has been challenging to validate its consistency. Recent attempts to partially formalize CADIAG-2’s knowledge base into decidable Gödel logics have shown that, on formalization, the system is inconsistent. In this paper, the authors use an alternative, more expressive formalization of CADIAG-2’s knowledge base as a set of probabilistic conditional statements and apply their probabilistic logic solver (Pronto) to confirm its inconsistency and compute its conflicting sets of rules under a slightly relaxed interpretation. Once this is achieved, the authors define a measure to evaluate inconsistency and discuss suitable repair strategies for CADIAG-2 and similar systems.
Applications of blind equalization in wireless ATM network (2002)

We investigated the feasibility of applying blind equalization to wireless ATM networks. Making use of the information exploited from the wireless ATM cell structure and medium access control (MAC), blind channel estimation together with a non-linear data directed estimator achieve good equalization performance without transmitting extra preamble. Simulation results are presented for ATM constant bit rate (CBR) and available bit rate (ABR) traffic.
Supplementary Table 6 from Isoform-Specific Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitors Exert Distinct Effects in Solid Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Table 6 from Isoform-Specific Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitors Exert Distinct Effects in Solid Tumors
Bioavailability of dietary doses of3H-labelled tea antioxidants (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin in rat (2003)

1. The bioavailability and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the tea antioxidants (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin were investigated in the rat following intake of dietary doses.2. To achieve this objective, tritiated derivatives (tritium was incorporated at the 3-position of the heterocyclic ring) of these compounds were administered to rats orally and intravenously at dose levels equivalent to human dietary levels of intake.3. Following intravenous administration of both compounds, about one-third of the dose was excreted in the urine and two-thirds in the faeces, indicating extensive biliary excretion. When the same doses were administered orally, only about 5% of the dose of each compound was recovered in the urine.4. Comparison of the areas under the curve following oral and intravenous administration revealed that the bioavailability of both compounds was less than 5%.5. Exchange of tritium with water in the blood occurred 3 h after oral, but not after intravenous, administration of the Aavanols to rat. This is believed to represent microbial degradation of the compounds by the gut flora6. It was established that the bioavailability of the tea antioxidants (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin in the rat following intake of dietary doses was poor.
Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among Egyptian healthcare workers in a national liver diseases referral centre (2011)

Little is known about the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among healthcare workers (HCW) in Egypt, where the highest worldwide prevalence of HCV exists. The prevalence of HCV, hepatitis B virus and Schistosoma mansoni antibodies was examined in 842 HCWs at the National Liver Institute in the Nile Delta, where >85% of patients are HCV antibody-positive. The mean age of HCWs was 31.5 years and they reported an average of 0.6±1.2 needlesticks/HCW/year. The prevalence of anti-HCV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and co-infection was 16.6%, 1.5% and 0.2%, respectively. HCV-RNA was present in 72.1% of anti-HCV-positive HCWs, and all but one subject were infected with HCV genotype 4. Schistosoma mansoni antibodies were present in 35.1%. The anti-HCV rate increased sharply with age and employment duration, but not among those with needlestick history. After adjusting for other risk factors, the anti-HCV rate was higher among older HCWs [P<0.001; risk ratio (RR) = 1.086, 95% CI 1.063-1.11], males (P=0.002; RR=1.911, 95% CI 1.266-2.885) and those with rural residence (P<0.001; RR=2.876, 95% CI 1.830-4.52). Occupation (P=0.133), duration of employment (P=0.272) or schistosomal antibody positivity (P=0.152) were not significant risk factors for anti-HCV positivity. In conclusion, although one in six HCWs had been infected with HCV, the infections were more likely to be community-acquired and not occupationally related.
COMPOSITION METHODS FOR THE SIMULATION OF ARRAYS OF CHUA'S CIRCUITS (1999)

Composition methods are methods for the integration of ordinary differential equations arising from differential geometry, or more precisely, Lie algebra theory. We apply them here to the simulation of arrays of Chua's circuits. In these methods, we split the vector field of the array of Chua's circuits into its linear part and its nonlinear part. We then solve the elementary differential equation for each part separately — which is easy since the equations for the nonlinear part are all decoupled — and recombine these contributions into a sequence of compositions. This splitting gives rise to simple integration rules for arrays of Chua's circuits, which we compare to more classical approaches: fixed time-step explicit Euler and adaptive fourth-order Runge–Kutta.
Ultrasensitive and label-free detection of prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers of sepsis on a AgNP-laden black phosphorous-based SERS platform (2022)

Rapid and early detection of sepsis biomarkers using AgNP@BP SERS substrate and identification of signature Raman modes of sepsis biomarkers (IL-3 and PCT).
Design and Test of a Catalytic Combustor for a Heavy Duty Industrial Gas Turbine (1995)

The most effective technologies currently available for controlling NOx emissions from heavy duty industrial gas turbines are either diluent injection in the combustor reaction zone, or dry low NOx (DLN) combustion, coupled with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) De-NOx in the gas turbine exhaust. A competing technology with the potential for achieving comparable emissions levels at substantially lower capital investment and operating cost is catalytic combustion of lean premixed fuel and air within the gas turbine. A preliminary design of a catalytic combustion system using natural gas fuel has been prepared for the GE Model MS9001E gas turbine. A full scale test combustor has been constructed for a full pressure development test based upon this design work and was operated at the GE Power Generation Engineering Laboratory in Schenectady, New York. Discussion of the catalytic combustor design, the catalytic reactor design and laboratory development test results is presented.
Simultaneous detection of fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens in insects by multiplex PCR and capillary electrophoresis (2015)

Beetles Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis Kolbe (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) and Allomyrina dichotoma Linn. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are widely used in traditional medicine, and the number of insect-rearing farms is increasing in South Korea. The purpose of this study was to establish a multiplex PCR-based assay for rapid simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens causing insect diseases. Six insect parasites such as fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaceae), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Migula (Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae), and Serratia marcescens Bizio (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae), and Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus were chosen based on the severity and incidence rate of insect diseases in South Korea. Pathogen-specific primers were designed and successfully applied for simultaneous detection of multiple infectious agents in farm-bred insects P. b. seulensis and A. dichotoma using multiplex PCR and high resolution capillary electrophoresis. Our results indicate that multiplex PCR is an effective and time-saving method for simultaneous detection of multiple infections in insects, and the QIAxcel capillary electrophoresis system is useful for quantitative evaluation of the individual impact of each infectious agent on the severity of insect disease. The approach designed in this study can be utilized for rapid and accurate diagnostics of infection in insect farms.
Short-term memory and electrical restitution in the canine transmural ventricle (2010)

Cardiac short-term memory is an intrinsic property of paced myocardium that reflects the influence of pacing history. Using an optical mapping method to record membrane voltage and intracellular calcium (Ca(2 +)(i)), this study investigated the properties and mechanisms of short-term memory in isolated and perfused canine wedge preparations. In addition to the dynamic and S1S2 pacing protocols, a perturbed downsweep pacing protocol was used to get a complete overview of the restitution portrait. Abrupt changes in basic cycle length (BCL) were applied to investigate the accommodation process of action potential duration (APD). The results showed unobvious differences of memory among the epi-, mid- and endo-myocytes, implying an insignificant memory-induced transient heterogeneity in APD across the transmural canine hearts. With the decrease of pacing rate S1, memory gradually elevated and achieved a maximum around 400 ms, and then reduced as S1 decreased further, indicating a non-monotonic relationship between memory and the pacing rate. After suppressing the Ca(2 +)(i) transient with ryanodine (3 µmol l(-1)), the accommodation process of APD to a new BCL significantly abbreviated (τ = 37.41 ± 4.42 stimuli before ryanodine, τ = 15.84 ± 4.74 stimuli after ryanodine, p < 0.01). Therefore, Ca(2 +)(i) cycling was suggested to play an important role in memory during dynamic pacing.
Validation of bonded composite doubler technology through application oriented structural testing (1996)

One of the major thrusts established under the FAA`s National Aging Aircraft Research Program is to foster new technologies associated with civil aircraft maintenance. Recent DOD and other government developments in the use of bonded composite patches on metal structures has supported the need for research and validation of such doubler applications on U.S. certificated airplanes. Composite patching is a rapidly maturing technology which shows promise of cost savings on aging aircraft. Sandia Labs is conducting a proof-of-concept project with Delta Air Lines, Lockheed Martin, Textron, and the FAA which seeks to remove any remaining obstacles to the approved use of composite doublers. By focusing on a specific commercial aircraft application - reinforcement of the L-1011 door frame - and encompassing all {open_quotes}cradle-to-grave{close_quotes} tasks such as design, analysis, installation, and inspection, this program is designed to prove the capabilities of composite doublers. This paper reports on a series of structural tests which have been conducted on coupons and subsize test articles. Tension-tension fatigue and residual strength tests attempted to grow engineered flaws in coupons with composite doublers bonded to aluminum skin. Also, structures which modeled key aspects of the door corner installation were subjected to extreme tension, shear, and bending loads. In this manner it was possible to study strain fields in and around the Lockheed-designed composite doubler using realistic aircraft load scenarios and to assess the potential for interply delaminations and disbonds between the aluminum and the laminate. The data acquired was also used to validate finite element models (FEM) and associated Damage Tolerance Analyses.
Production of hypoallergenic milk from DNA-free beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene knockout cow using zinc-finger nucleases mRNA (2018)

The whey protein β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a major milk allergen which is absent in human milk. Here, we for the first time generated DNA-free BLG bi-allelic knockout cow by zinc-finger nuclease (ZFNs) mRNA and produced BLG-free milk. According to the allergenicity evaluation of BLG-free milk, we found it can trigger lower allergic reaction of Balb/c mice including the rectal temperature drop and the allergen-specific immunoglobulin IgE production; BLG free-milk was easily digested by pepsin at 2 min, while BLG in control milk was still not completely digested after 60 min, and the binding of IgE from cow's milk allergy (CMA) patients to BLG free-milk was significantly lower than that to the control milk. Meanwhile, the genome sequencing revealed that our animal is free of off-target events. Importantly, editing animal genomes without introducing foreign DNA into cells may alleviate regulatory concerns related to foods produced by genome edited animals. Finally, the ZFNs-mediated targeting in cow could be transmitted through the germline by breeding. These findings will open up unlimited possibilities of modifying milk composition to make it more suitable for human health and also improve the functional properties of milk.
An Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Classification Based on LSTM (2017)

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have made significant breakthroughs in image feature extraction. A variety of CNN architectures have been proposed and then continued to be im-proved. However, the representation of image features by a single CNN structure is not comprehensive enough. For example, shal-low CNN extraction is more general and less sensitive, vice versa. In this paper, we propose an ensemble method using LSTM to obtain image features that represent the image more comprehen-sive. We use the output of a single CNN model as an input for LSTM for a moment to ensemble. We evaluated our approach using VGG and other models on the Cifar10 and Cifar100 da-tasets. The accuracy of classification using ensemble features is significantly higher than that of a single model.
Detoxification of Outfall Water Using Natural Organic Matter (2010)

To protect organisms in an ephemeral stream at the Savannah River Site, a proposed National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit reduced the copper limit from 25 g/L to 6 g/L at Outfall H-12.Efforts to reduce copper in the wastewater and stormwater draining to this outfall did not succeed in bringing copper levels below this limit.Numerous treatment methods were considered, including traditional methods such as ion exchange and natural treatment alternatives such as constructed wetlands and peat beds, all of which act to remove copper.However, the very low target metal concentration and highly variable outfall conditions presented a significant challenge for these treatment technologies.In addition, costs and energy use for most of these alternatives were high and secondary wastes would be generated.The Savannah River National Laboratory developed an entirely new "detoxification" approach to treat the outfall water.This simple, lower-cost detoxification system amends outfall water with natural organic matter to bind up to 25 g/L copper rather than remove it, thereby mitigating its toxicity and protecting the sensitive species in the ecosystem.The amendments are Organic Materials Review Institute certified commercial products that are naturally rich in humic acids and are commonly used in organic farming.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparison Among Assisted Synthetic Methodologies for the Preparation of Antitumoral Compounds (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENTHALPY CHANGES AND OXYGENATION CONSTANTS FOR COBALT AND IRON PORPHYRINS (1983)

Abstract Die Aufnahmefähigkeit für molekularen Sauerstoff wurde an 5. 10. 1 5 .20‐Tetra‐[p‐methoxyphenyl]‐porphinato‐(ligand)‐cobalt(II) (ligand: Pyridin, Piperidin, N‐Methylimidazol) in Toluol und CH, C12 durch spektrophotometrische Bestimmung der Gleichgewichtskonstanten untersucht.