gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptors as potential treatment for acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders (2003)

It is well established that in both animal models and humans, traumatic or ischemic insults to the brain or spinal cord cause an excessive release of excitatory amino acids, including glutamate. Moreover, multiple in vivo and in vitro studies show that excessive release of glutamate, and subsequent activation of ionotropic (iGluRs) and metabotropic (mGluRs) classes of glutamate receptors, cause neuronal cell death through either necrosis or apoptosis. Although studies in adult animals have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of inhibiting iGluRs following central nervous system injury, results from human trials have been disappointing. Furthermore, treatment with iGluR antagonists alone can exacerbate apoptotic cell death in the developing brain. Recently, an alternative approach has examined the modulatory effects of mGluRs on excitotoxicity and neuronal cell death. Experimental studies have shown that modulation of all groups (I, II, III) of mGluR can be neuroprotective, and that effects across groups may be additive. Group I mGluR includes mGluR1 and mGluR5. Although these receptors show certain common signal transduction pathways, activation or inhibition of these two receptors have very different actions on necrotic and apoptotic neuronal cell death. Recent work has shown that activation of mGluR5 significantly attenuates neuronal apoptosis in a variety of model systems. Given the proposed role of apoptotic cell death in both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders, these observations suggest that this receptor may be an interesting novel target for the development of effective neuroprotective treatment.
On the addition of silyl radicals to unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Regioselectivity of the attack and 1,3 carbon to oxygen silicon migration (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the addition of silyl radicals to unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Regioselectivity of the attack and 1,3 carbon to oxygen silicon migrationAngelo. Alberti, Chryssostomos. Chatgilialoglu, Gian Franco. Pedulli, and Paolo. ZaniratoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 16, 4993–4998Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00276a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00276a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Functionalization of Bis-Diazaphospholene P-P Bonds with Diverse Electrophiles (2020)

&lt;p&gt;Readily prepared bis-diazaphospholenes are shown to react with several classes of electrophiles, resulting in cleavage of the phosphorus-phosphorus bond and formation of functionalized diazaphospholenes. Phosphorus – sp&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; or sp&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; carbon and phosphorus – sulfur bonds were formed using this protocol. Experimental evidence with aryl and alkyl halides suggests the intermediacy of radicals in some cases, however other evidence suggests either radical or polar mechanisms may be operative for certain substrates, with a dependence on reaction conditions. In some cases, the substituted diazaphospholenes can transfer the substituent to electrophiles via previously unknown reactions. These results show diazaphospholene dimers are potent participants in radical chemistry at room temperature without requiring chemical initiators.&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of Low-voltage Pulse on Cell Elimination (2012)

Abstract The low electric field application to HeLa cells adhered to electrodes was studied to induce cell death effectively. The low-voltage pulse applied to the electrode was generated with charge and discharge by an originally made circuit. The unique characteristics in this experiment is the charge flow between electrodes, and it causes direct attack of the ions to the cell membrane, leading to complete cell elimination. Viability of cells appreciably decreased with increase in discharge time at a quite low 3 V cm−1 that has not been reported to date.
Investigation of Donor and Acceptor Ion Implantation in AlN (2015)

AlGaN alloys with high Al composition and AlN based electronic devices are attractive for high voltage, high temperature applications, including microwave power sources, power switches and communication systems. AlN is of particular interest because of its wide bandgap of ~6.1eV which is ideal for power electronic device applications in extreme environments which requires high dose ion implantation. One of the major challenges that need to be addressed to achieve full utilization of AlN for opto and microelectronic applications is the development of a doping strategy for both donors and acceptors. Ion implantation is a particularly attractive approach since it allows for selected-area doping of semiconductors due to its high spatial and dose control and its high throughput capability. Active layers in the semiconductor are created by implanting a dopant species followed by very high temperature annealing to reduce defects and thereby activate the dopants. Recovery of implant damage in AlN requires excessively high temperature. In this SBIR program we began the investigation by simulation of ion beam implantation profiles for Mg, Ge and Si in AlN over wide dose and energy ranges. Si and Ge are implanted to achieve the n-type doping, Mg is investigated as a p-type doping. The simulation of implantation profiles were performed in collaboration between NRL and Agnitron using a commercial software known as Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM). The simulation results were then used as the basis for ion implantation of AlN samples. The implanted samples were annealed by an innovative technique under different conditions and evaluated along the way. Raman spectroscopy and XRD were used to determine the crystal quality of the implanted samples, demonstrating the effectiveness of annealing in removing implant induced damage. Additionally, SIMS was used to verify that a nearly uniform doping profile was achieved near the sample surface. The electrical characteristics of the implanted samples were evaluated by TLM and Hall techniques. Generally, the implanted samples before and after annealing were found to be very resistive. Further work is required before the superior properties of AlN can be fully utilized.
Patients with symptomatic permanent atrial fibrillation show quantitative signs of pain sensitisation (2021)

Abstract Background/Introduction Most patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) report symptoms, while around one-third are asymptomatic. We hypothesized that sensory processing, in particular pain, differs in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic AF. Purpose To assess differences in pain sensitisation in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic AF. Methods Thirty individuals with permanent AF (15 symptomatic, 15 asymptomatic) completed the AF6 and SF-36 questionnaires and underwent quantitative pain sensitisation testing using pressure algometry at the sternum (referred pain area) and the tibialis anterior muscle (generalized pain area). The primary objective was to assess differences in pressure pain thresholds (PPT), temporal summation of pain (TSP), and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in the two groups. The secondary objective was to determine association of demographic and clinical parameters to quantitative measures of pain sensitisation. Results The symptomatic group had lower PPTs at both tibialis (p=0.004) and sternum (p=0.01), as well as impaired CPM (p=0.025) and facilitated TSP (p=0.008) at the tibialis but not sternum, compared to the asymptomatic group. The AF6 sum score was negatively correlated to PPT on both tibialis (r=−0.50, p=0.005) and sternum (r=−0.42, p=0.02) and positively correlated to TSP of both tibialis (r=0.57, p=0.001) and sternum (r=0.45, p=0.01), but not to CPM. The physical component summary score was positively correlated to the PPT on both tibialis (r=0.52, p=0.003) and sternum (r=0.40, p=0.03) and negatively to TSP on the tibialis (r=−0.53, p=0.003) but not sternum. Conclusions Patients with symptomatic AF exhibit lower pain tolerance than patients with asymptomatic AF, as well as impaired pain inhibitory control and facilitated summation of pain, indicating that pain sensitisation may be of importance in symptomatic AF. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Department of Cardiology, Örebro University, Sweden PPTs tibialis anterior musclePPTs sternum
Investigation of Moisture-Induced Warpage of Chip-on-Wafer in 2.5D IC Package (2022)

2.5D multi-chip packaging technology places multiple SoC dies and chiplets on a silicon interposer wafer so that better interconnect density and performance can be achieved. Individual chips are bonded through micro-bumps on a silicon interposer forming a chip-on-wafer (CoW) module. Excessive moisture-induced warpage of CoW die could lead to C4 bump failure in on-substrate assembly process. The risk is even higher in a case where a CoW module has stacked dies like HBM or SoIC, which are built with several kinds of polymer materials, on top of the silicon interposer. A two-step finite element modeling was performed: 1) moisture diffusion within polymer materials in a CoW module was simulated; 2) then hygro-thermomechanical simulation was performed to predict the warpage during reflow. Absorption / desorption test and CHS measurement were performed to characterize the moisture properties of the polymetric materials in a chip-on-wafer module. Different HBM structures, material overflow of the polymer which the stacked dies were built with, and storage humidity condition were simulated and discussed.
Blind separation of sources with sparse representations in a given signal dictionary (2000)

The blind source separation problem is to extract the underlying source signals from a set of linear mixtures, where the mixing matrix is unknown. We consider a two-stage separation process. First, a priori selection of a possibly overcomplete signal dictionary (e.g. wavelet frame, learned dictionary, etc.) in which the sources are assumed to be sparsely representable. Second, unmixing the sources by exploiting the their sparse representability. We consider the general case of more sources than mixtures. But also derive a more efficient algorithm in the case of a non-overcomplete dictionary and equal numbers of sources and mixtures. Experiments with artificial signals and with musical sounds demonstrate significantly better separation than other known techniques.
Antigenic and antiheparin properties of human platelet factor 4 (PF4) (1975)

Platelet factor 4 (PF4, a heparin-neutralizing protein) was isolated from washed human platelets. It was found to be homogenous by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion, and immunoelectrophoresis, when tested with monospecific antibody produced in rabbits. PF4 is a heat-stable protein, but its antiheparin activity and antigenicity are destroyed by trypsin. The molecular weight of PF4 as calculated by amino acid analysis is approximately 8000 and by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with beta-mercaptoethanol, 7100 daltons. PF4 migrated to the cathode at pH 8.6. The interaction of PF4 with heparin resulted in the formation of a complex which migrated to the anode, as tested by immunoelectrophoresis. Incubation of purified PF4 with its antibody at 37 degrees C resulted in a loss of antiheparin activity. The presence of antiheparin activity and of PG4 antigen in material released during platelet aggregation by various agents and at various stages of the preparative procedure closely correlated. It has been concluded that PF4 antigen and antiheparin activity are two properties of the same protein. Comparison of human and pig PF4 revealed significant biochemical and antigenic differences.
Maintenance Scheduling: Description, Literature Survey, and Interface with Overall Operations Scheduling (1982)

Preventive maintenance is required for all generating equipment in order to reduce the chances of capacity shortage and improve the overall availability of such units. Power companies spend millions of dollars per year for this purpose.
BRCA2 secondary mutation-mediated resistance to platinum and PARP inhibitor-based therapy in pancreatic cancer (2017)

To our knowledge, this is the first report of a BRCA2 reversion mutation that conferred resistance to PARP inhibitor-based therapy in a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patient. Future studies are needed to understand this important mechanism of resistance and how it may impact the choice of therapy for patients with pancreatic cancer.
A fully digital green LDO regulator dedicated for biomedical implant using a power-aware binary switching technique (2012)

In this paper, a fully digital green LDO regulator with ultra-low power consumption of 1.8μW coupled with an excellent current efficiency of 99.99% is proposed. The novelty is the use of a power-aware binary switching technique to control the ON/OFF operation of the respective Power Transistor (PTn) to drive different load current. Therefore, it consumes only a very small quiescent current of 2μA. Furthermore, it remains stable when driving a large load current of 50mA. This LDO regulator, simulated with Global Foundries 0.18μm CMOS process, yields a stable output voltage of 0.80V with a supply voltage of 0.9-1.2V. Its distinct feature, ultra-low power consumption, will no doubt be ideally suitable and dedicated for biomedical implant.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of a New Family of Ni4 Spin Clusters (2005)

A new family of tetranuclear Ni complexes [Ni(4)(ROH)(4)L(4)] (H(2)L = salicylidene-2-ethanolamine; R = Me (1) or Et (2)) has been synthesized and studied. Complexes 1 and 2 possess a [Ni(4)O(4)] core comprising a distorted cubane arrangement. Magnetic susceptibility and inelastic neutron scattering studies indicate a combination of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic pairwise exchange interactions between the four Ni(II) centers, resulting in an S = 4 spin ground state. Magnetization measurements reveal an easy-axis-type magnetic anisotropy with D approximately -0.93 cm(-)(1) for both complexes. Despite the large magnetic anisotropy, no slow relaxation of the magnetization is observed down to 40 mK. To determine the origin of the low-temperature magnetic behavior, the magnetic anisotropy of complex 1 was probed in detail using inelastic neutron scattering and frequency domain magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The spectroscopic studies confirm the easy-axis-type anisotropy and indicate strong transverse interactions. These lead to rapid quantum tunneling of the magnetization, explaining the unexpected absence of slow magnetization relaxation for complex 1.
Cascading phase transformations in high carbon steel resulting in the formation of inverse bainite: An atomic scale investigation (2019)

Atom probe tomography (APT) has been used to understand the redistribution of solutes during the isothermal cascading phase transformations from supersaturated austenite resulting in the formation of inverse bainite. Different cascading reactions resulting in the formation of inverse bainite, namely the cementite midrib formation, ferrite formation, secondary cementite formation, and the degenerated microstructure of inverse bainite have been studied in detail. Solute profiles across the different transformation interfaces indicate Negligible Partitioning Local Equilibrium (NPLE) type growth kinetics for cementite midrib, whereas a transition in growth kinetics from Para Equilibrium (PE) to Negligible Partitioning Local Equilibrium (NPLE) is observed for secondary cementite and ferrite transformation. The results provide a strong indication that the inverse bainitic transformation occurs as a consequence of individual cascading phase transformations starting from parent austenite, and the transformation of inverse bainite occurs in a similar manner to Widmanstatten ferrite/bainitic ferrite with carbon diffusion-controlled growth, and without any reconstructive or long-range diffusion of substitutional solutes.
Verifying information with multimedia content on twitter (2017)

An increasing amount of posts on social media are used for disseminating news information and are accompanied by multimedia content. Such content may often be misleading or be digitally manipulated. More often than not, such pieces of content reach the front pages of major news outlets, having a detrimental effect on their credibility. To avoid such effects, there is profound need for automated methods that can help debunk and verify online content in very short time. To this end, we present a comparative study of three such methods that are catered for Twitter, a major social media platform used for news sharing. Those include: a) a method that uses textual patterns to extract claims about whether a tweet is fake or real and attribution statements about the source of the content; b) a method that exploits the information that same-topic tweets should be also similar in terms of credibility; and c) a method that uses a semi-supervised learning scheme that leverages the decisions of two independent credibility classifiers. We perform a comprehensive comparative evaluation of these approaches on datasets released by the Verifying Multimedia Use (VMU) task organized in the context of the 2015 and 2016 MediaEval benchmark. In addition to comparatively evaluating the three presented methods, we devise and evaluate a combined method based on their outputs, which outperforms all three of them. We discuss these findings and provide insights to guide future generations of verification tools for media professionals.
Mélanges paramétriques large bande permettant l'amorçage d'un continuum visible dans une fibre optique (2007)

Présentation orale
Developing climate‐resilient crops: improving plant tolerance to stress combination (2021)

Global warming and climate change are driving an alarming increase in the frequency and intensity of different abiotic stresses, such as droughts, heat waves, cold snaps, and flooding, negatively affecting crop yields and causing food shortages. Climate change is also altering the composition and behavior of different insect and pathogen populations adding to yield losses worldwide. Additional constraints to agriculture are caused by the increasing amounts of human-generated pollutants, as well as the negative impact of climate change on soil microbiomes. Although in the laboratory, we are trained to study the impact of individual stress conditions on plants, in the field many stresses, pollutants, and pests could simultaneously or sequentially affect plants, causing conditions of stress combination. Because climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of such stress combination events (e.g., heat waves combined with drought, flooding, or other abiotic stresses, pollutants, and/or pathogens), a concentrated effort is needed to study how stress combination is affecting crops. This need is particularly critical, as many studies have shown that the response of plants to stress combination is unique and cannot be predicted from simply studying each of the different stresses that are part of the stress combination. Strategies to enhance crop tolerance to a particular stress may therefore fail to enhance tolerance to this specific stress, when combined with other factors. Here we review recent studies of stress combinations in different plants and propose new approaches and avenues for the development of stress combination- and climate change-resilient crops.
ChemInform Abstract: Silacyclobutenes ‐ Synthesis and Reactivity (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification of a gene expression profile associated with progression-free survival (PFS) in relapsed or metastatic (RM) head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) patients (pts) treated with first-line cetuximab and platinum therapy. (2013)

6027 Background: First-line chemotherapy with platinum and cetuximab is usually offered to RM-HNSCC pts. In the Extreme trial a median PFS time of 5.6 months was reported. However, a small fraction of pts achieves a prolonged PFS (&gt; than 12 months). Until now, no recognized predictive biological factor has been identified. Methods: A group of 14 pts treated with a first-line platinum and cetuximab with a PFS exceeding 12 months (long PFS) and a group of 26 pts with a PFS less than 5.6 months (short PFS) were selected. Tumor specimens of the recurrence (25 cases) or, if not available, of the primary tumor were collected. In order to identify molecular profiles deregulated between the 2 groups, a gene expression microarray analysis was performed using the Whole-Genome DASL assay and HumanHT-12_v4 BeadArray chips (lllumina). Results: The 2 groups were well balanced in regard to recognized prognostic factors (performance status, weight loss, prior radiotherapy, tumor grade, site of primary tumor, residual disease at primary tumor site). Mean PFS was 21 months in long (range 13-36) and 4 months in short PFS group (range 1-5). By class comparison analysis between the 2 groups, the expression pattern of 136 genes was found differentially expressed (FDR&lt;0.05). In long PFS group, EGFR and genes associated to EGFR pathway including CDCP1 and EPGN were up regulated, as well as its ligand (EREG). Several members of the Kallikrein serine proteases gene family are present among the most upregulated genes in long PFS group, suggesting the involvement of extracellular-matrix remodelling. In addition to cellular morphology, pathways analysis showed an enriched modulation of genes belonging to cell-to-cell signalling, DNA replication/DNA repair and lipid metabolism. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that a specific molecular signature may be associated with long and short PFS after platinum/cetuximab first line chemotherapy in RM-HNSCC pts. To our knowledge, it is the first study attempting to generate hypotheses in this field and further validation is required.