gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of cryogenic mechanical alloying parameters to synthesize ultrahard refractory high entropy materials (2021)

Cryogenic mechanical alloying is a viable method to synthesize nanostructured alloys that exhibit improved mechanical properties without using highly contaminating, process control agents. However, cryogenically milled alloys still contain impurities introduced from the milling media and cryogenic fluid, and it is unclear how these milling parameters can be tailored to optimize alloy design. Here, milling media and cryogenic fluid were systematically varied and studied to quantify differences in impurity concentrations, microstructural evolution, and microhardness. Four derivatives of a Mo25Nb25Ta25W25 high entropy alloy were mechanically alloyed using tool steel or tungsten carbide milling media with either liquid N2 or Ar. Alloys were annealed for 100 h at 1000 °C or 1200 °C. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was primarily used to characterize as-milled and annealed specimens, and Vicker’s microindentation was used to compare hardness. Depending on the milling parameters, total impurity concentrations varied between 12 and 44 at.%, different impurity nitrides or carbides were identified in annealed specimens, and differences in hardness of up to 5 GPa were measured amongst the alloys. Overall, milling with LN2 led to the precipitation of ultrahard nitride phases that when combined with optimized heat treatments, improved the hardness beyond 17 GPa.
Acrobat PDF Bible (1999)

From the Publisher:
If you're a graphic artist or prepress specialist looking for the most efficient way to deliver files to clients and printers, or a Webmaster repurposing information for your Web site, or a manager aiming to cut software licensing costs and streamline information distribution, then you need this book! Packed with insider tips and innovative ideas, Acrobat PDF Bible delivers all the information you need to create files that anyone can view, annotate, edit, print, and publish - regardless of platform, software, or media. Inside, you'll find complete coverage of Acrobat and PDF files.
High-pressure fast-pyrolysis, fast-hydropyrolysis and catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of cellulose: production of liquid fuel from biomass (2013)

A lab-scale, high-pressure, continuous-flow fast-hydropyrolysis and vapor-phase catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactor has been successfully designed, built and tested with cellulose as a model biomass feedstock. We investigated the effects of pyrolysis temperature on high-pressure cellulose fast-pyrolysis, hydrogen on high-pressure cellulose fast-hydropyrolysis, reaction pressure (27 bar and 54 bar) on our reactor performance and candidate catalysts for downstream catalytic HDO of cellulose fast-hydropyrolysis vapors. In this work, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method has been developed and utilized for quantitative characterization of the liquid products. The major compounds in the liquid from cellulose fast-pyrolysis (27 bar, 520 °C) are levoglucosan and its isomers, formic acid, glycolaldehyde, and water, constituting 51 wt%, 11 wt%, 8 wt% and 24 wt% of liquid respectively. Our results show that high pressures of hydrogen do not have a significant effect on the fast-hydropyrolysis of cellulose at 480 °C but suppress the formation of reactive light oxygenate species like glycolaldehyde and formic acid at 580 °C. The formation of permanent gases (CO, CO2, CH4) and glycolaldehyde and formic acid increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature in the range of 480 °C–580 °C in high-pressure cellulose fast-pyrolysis, in the absence of hydrogen. Candidate HDO catalysts Al2O3, 2% Ru/Al2O3 and 2% Pt/Al2O3 resulted in extents of deoxygenation of 20%, 22% and 27%, respectively, but led to carbon loss to gas phase as CO and CH4. These catalysts provide useful insights for other candidate HDO catalysts for improving the extent of deoxygenation with higher carbon recovery in the liquid product.
The combination of SOX5, SOX6, and SOX9 (the SOX trio) provides signals sufficient for induction of permanent cartilage (2004)

These data strongly suggest that the SOX trio provides signals sufficient for the induction of permanent cartilage.
Survival and synaptogenesis of hippocampal neurons without NMDA receptor function in culture (1998)

Physiological and morphological properties of cultured hippocampal neurons were measured to investigate whether NMDA receptors play a role in survival and differentiation. Neurons dissociated from mouse embryos with different NMDAR1 genotypes were grown in culture. Electrophysiological analysis verified the absence of NMDA receptor-mediated currents in neurons taken from homozygous mutant (NR1-/-) embryos. The number of surviving hippocampal neurons was 2.5-fold higher in cultures from the NR1-/- embryos compared with wild type (NR1 +/+) and heterozygous (NR1+/-) controls. Despite the lack of NMDA receptor function, NR1-/- neurons formed synapsin I-positive presynaptic boutons associated with MAP2ab-positive dendrites in culture. Confocal microscopic analysis of Dil labelled neurons confirmed the presence of dendritic spines on NR1-/- neurons with 80% of the density found in NR1 +/+ neurons. These results suggest that the NMDA receptor has little effect on general features of neuronal differentiation. In contrast, there is clear effect on neuronal survival. This finding establishes neuron number in standard culture conditions as a measure of NMDA receptor activity.
Supplementary Methods 1 from Phase 1b/2 Study of a Liposomal Formulation of Eribulin (E7389-LF) Plus Nivolumab in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: Results from Phase 1b (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Discovery and Design of Tricyclic Scaffolds as Protein Kinase CK2 (CK2) Inhibitors through a Combination of Shape-Based Virtual Screening and Structure-Based Molecular Modification (2013)

Protein kinase CK2 (CK2), a ubiquitous serine/threonine protein kinase for hundreds of endogenous substrates, serves as an attractive anticancer target. One of its most potent inhibitors, CX-4945, has entered a phase I clinical trial. Herein we present an integrated workflow combining shape-based virtual screening for the identification of novel CK2 inhibitors. A shape-based model derived from CX-4945 was built, and the subsequent virtual screening led to the identification of several novel scaffolds with high shape similarity to that of CX-4945. Among them two tricyclic scaffolds named [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]quinazolin and [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin attracted us the most. Combining strictly chemical similarity analysis, a second-round shape-based screening was performed based on the two tricyclic scaffolds, leading to 28 derivatives. These compounds not only targeted CK2 with potent and dose-dependent activities but also showed acceptable antiproliferative effects against a series of cancer cell lines. Our workflow supplies a high efficient strategy in the identification of novel CK2 inhibitors. Compounds reported here can serve as ideal leads for further modifications.
Preparation of Citric Acid Fermentation Waste-Based Mulch Films with Hydrophobic Surface by Poly(styrene-co-acrylate) Coatings (2019)

To improve the surface hydrophobicity of citric acid fermentation waste (CAFW)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) mulch films for their application in various environments, poly(styrene-co-acrylate) (PSA) is used as the single or double sides coatings of CAFW/PVA mulch films. The structure and properties of the obtained CAFW-based mulch films with PSA coatings are investigated. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals that hydrogen bondings are formed between O–H bonds of the CAFW-based mulch film and C═O bonds of PSA coatings, which accounts for good interface adhesion between PSA coatings and CAFW-based mulch films. In addition, after PSA coatings, the elongation at break of the obtained films is obviously increased, whereas the tensile strength remains nearly unchanged, meanwhile the thermal property of CAFW-based mulch film is slightly improved. Importantly, the water contact angle of CAFW-based mulch films increases dramatically from 37 to 97° and the surface hydrophobicity of CAFW-based mulch films is expectedly enhanced.
1084-P: Cesarean Delivery and Insulin Sensitivity in the Older Adult: The Microbiome and Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study (2021)

Cesarean delivery has been associated with increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. While the mechanism for this is unknown, it is hypothesized to be a result of alterations in the gut microbiome in early life that may lead to obesity, metabolic derangement and, ultimately, impaired glucose homeostasis. In a racially-diverse, prospective cohort of nondiabetic, older adults (≥40 years), we assessed the crude and adjusted association between cesarean delivery and glucose and insulin homeostasis traits. Participants completed a comprehensive clinical assessment, including an oral glucose tolerance test (with glucose, C-peptide, insulin measures at 0, 30, 120 minutes) and health and demographic questionnaires, from which self-reported mode of delivery was recorded. A total of 353 participants were enrolled, with a mean (std) age of 59 (9.0) years, 61.8% female, 36.5% Non-Hispanic Black. Of these, 15 (4.2%) were missing delivery status at birth. As expected for this older cohort, cesarean delivery was relatively uncommon (5.0%). Still, relative to vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery was associated with a significantly higher BMI (aβ: 3.53; 95% CI: 0.15, 6.91) and fasting glucose (aβ: 5.12; 95% CI: 0.01, 10.23), a 14% decrease in insulin sensitivity (aβ: -0.14; 95% CI: -0.28, -0.01), and a 58% increased risk (aRR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.31) for prediabetes/diabetes (Table).View largeDownload slideView largeDownload slide DisclosureE. T. Jensen: None. A. Bertoni: None. O. L. Crago: None. Y. Chen: None. J. I. Rotter: None. A. Wood: None. S. S. Rich: None. M. O. Goodarzi: None.
Ginger metabolites and metabolite-inspired synthetic products modulate intracellular calcium and relax airway smooth muscle (2021)

Asthma affects millions of people worldwide and its prevalence is increasing. It is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and pathologic bronchoconstriction, and it poses a continuous treatment challenge with very few new therapeutics available. Thus, many asthmatics turn to plant-based complementary products, including ginger, for better symptom control, indicating an unmet need for novel therapies. Previously, we demonstrated that 6-shogaol (6S), the primary bioactive component of ginger, relaxes human airway smooth muscle (hASM) likely by inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in the β-adrenergic (cyclic nucleotide PDEs), and muscarinic (phospholipase C, PLC) receptor pathways. However, oral 6S is extensively metabolized and it is unknown if the resulting metabolites remain bioactive. Here, we screened all the known human metabolites of 6S and several metabolite-based synthetic derivatives to better understand their mechanism of action and structure-function relationships. We demonstrate that several metabolites and metabolite-based synthetic derivatives are able to prevent Gq-coupled stimulation of intracellular calcium [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> and inositol trisphosphate (IP<sub>3</sub>) synthesis by inhibiting PLC, similar to the parent compound 6S. We also show that these compounds prevent recontraction of ASM after β-agonist relaxation likely by inhibiting PDEs. Furthermore, they potentiate isoproterenol-induced relaxation. Importantly, moving beyond cell-based assays, metabolites also retain the functional ability to relax Gq-coupled-contractions in upper (human) and lower (murine) airways. The current study indicates that, although oral ginger may be metabolized rapidly, it retains physiological activity through its metabolites. Moreover, we are able to use naturally occurring metabolites as inspiration to develop novel therapeutics for brochoconstrictive diseases.
Funktionsentwicklung und Kalibration für aufgeladene Motoren – Modellbasiert vom Konzept bis zur Serie (2010)

An die Funktionen der elektronischen Motorsteuerung (EMS) zur Steuerung und Regelung der Komponenten werden höchste Ansprüche gestellt, um – neben der Erfüllung der länderspezifischen Diagnose- und Abgasgesetzgebungen – eine für den Kunden akzeptable Fahrbarkeit bei geringst möglichem Kraftstoffverbrauch zu gewährleisten.
Nanometrology for evaluating rare sites for molecular homogeneity (2022)

Here, we present a methodology for identifying and characterizing nanoscale sites in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photoresists that deviate from the mean composition by 3σ. The methodology is based on nano-projectile secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) operating in the event-by-event bombardment detection mode. Nanoscale analysis is achieved by probing the surface stochastically with a suite of individual nanoprojectile impacts in which each nano-projectile samples a volume that is 10 to 15 nm in diameter and up to 10 nm in depth. For each impact, the coemitted secondary ions are collected and mass-analyzed, allowing for the analysis of colocalized moieties. We applied this technique to study the fundamental processes occurring in partially developed positive-tone EUV resists, which simulate a critical problem in EUV resists, incomplete resist removal, and production of line edge features. Such features erode device yield and have been the focus of many previous studies. Using NP-SIMS, we examined the changing molecular composition in the partially developed resist and isolated measurements with a probability below 0.3%. Grouping measurements based on the number and type of detected molecular species allowed for the identification of rare sites on the surface that deviate from the mean composition. The mass spectrometry measurements showed that both the photoacid generator (PAG) cation and anion displayed decreased homogeneity on average with increasing exposure dose. The effect was more pronounced in the sites with probabilities below 0.3%, where the measured intensity of the PAG-related ions in these sites was more than twofold larger than the mean. Thus, we attribute these nanoscale sites to aggregations of PAG within the top 10 nm of the remaining film. These results suggest that identifying and characterizing the molecular composition of rare sites may be important in defect production and film stochastics.
#COVIDisAirborne: AI-enabled multiscale computational microscopy of delta SARS-CoV-2 in a respiratory aerosol (2022)

We seek to completely revise current models of airborne transmission of respiratory viruses by providing never-before-seen atomic-level views of the SARS-CoV-2 virus within a respiratory aerosol. Our work dramatically extends the capabilities of multiscale computational microscopy to address the significant gaps that exist in current experimental methods, which are limited in their ability to interrogate aerosols at the atomic/molecular level and thus obscure our understanding of airborne transmission. We demonstrate how our integrated data-driven platform provides a new way of exploring the composition, structure, and dynamics of aerosols and aerosolized viruses, while driving simulation method development along several important axes. We present a series of initial scientific discoveries for the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, noting that the full scientific impact of this work has yet to be realized.
Transfer Learning for Sequence Tagging with Hierarchical Recurrent Networks (2017)

Recent papers have shown that neural networks obtain state-of-the-art performance on several different sequence tagging tasks. One appealing property of such systems is their generality, as excellent performance can be achieved with a unified architecture and without task-specific feature engineering. However, it is unclear if such systems can be used for tasks without large amounts of training data. In this paper we explore the problem of transfer learning for neural sequence taggers, where a source task with plentiful annotations (e.g., POS tagging on Penn Treebank) is used to improve performance on a target task with fewer available annotations (e.g., POS tagging for microblogs). We examine the effects of transfer learning for deep hierarchical recurrent networks across domains, applications, and languages, and show that significant improvement can often be obtained. These improvements lead to improvements over the current state-of-the-art on several well-studied tasks.
Doppler investigation of uteroplacental blood flow resistance in the second trimester: a screening study for pre‐eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation (1991)

Although Doppler screening does detect a unifying defect leading to perinatal death, pre-eclampsia, growth retardation and placental abruption, the predictive values do not yet justify its introduction as a routine test.
A signal processing approach for cyber data classification with deep neural networks. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Assessment of isoflurane-induced anesthesia in ferrets and rats (1999)

The MAP and PaCO2 in ferrets and rats and eyelid aperture in ferrets consistently and predictably changed in response to changes in anesthetic dose of ISO. Magnitude of respiratory depression was greater in ferrets than rats. Changes in MAP and PaCO2 in ferrets and rats and eyelid aperture in ferrets are consistent guides to changes in depth of ISO-induced anesthesia.
Molecular Mechanism of Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Strategies of Anti-fibrosis Therapy (2007)

The activation of hepatic stellate cell has been considered as the key step of liver fibrosis,mainly classified as initiation phase(paracrine stimulation and transcriptional events initiating a cascade of cellular responses) and perpetuation(paracrine and autocrine cytokine activity and ECM remodeling sustaining the activated phenotype).Multiple cells and cytokines in liver play vital roles in regulating stellate cell activation.Major phenotypic features of activated hepatic stellate cell activation include proliferation,contractility,fibrogenesis,matrix degradation,chemotaxis,white blood cell chemoattraction,retinoid loss and cytokine release.Currently anti-fibrotic therapy strategies mainly include regulating the activating process,proliferation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells,inhibiting collagen synthesis or promoting collagen degradation,gene therapy and infusion of mesenchymal stem cells.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptidomimetic Inhibitors for the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease (2001)

The NS3 serine protease enzyme of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is essential for viral replication. Short peptides mimicking the N-terminal substrate cleavage products of the NS3 protease are known to act as weak inhibitors of the enzyme and have been used as templates for the design of peptidomimetic inhibitors. Automated solid-phase synthesis of a small library of compounds based on such a peptidomimetic scaffold has led to the identification of potent and highly selective inhibitors of the NS3 protease enzyme.
Topic Subject Creation Using Unsupervised Learning for Topic Modeling (2020)

We address the problem of topic mining and labelling in the domain of retail customer communications to summarize the subject of customers inquiries. The performance of two popular topic mining algorithms - Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) &amp;ndash; were compared, and a novel method to assign topic subject labels to the customer inquiries in an automated way was proposed. Experiments using a retailer&amp;rsquo;s call center data verify the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed topic labelling algorithm. Furthermore, the evaluation of results from both the algorithms seems to indicate the preference of using Non-Negative Matrix Factorization applied to short text data.
[Induction of primitive neuroectodermal tumors by oncogene complementation]. (1990)

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) represent a family of undifferentiated neural neoplasms which predominantly occur in children. PNETs are likely to originate from precursor cells and exhibit a marked potential for neuronal, glial and ependymal differentiation. A prominent example is the medulloblastoma of the cerebellum. In a model system using a novel transgenic CNS transplantation model, we have introduced a combination of ras and myc oncogenes into cell suspensions from fetal forebrain (E14) and postnatal cerebellum (P2) of the rat. Oncogene transfer into fetal forebrain grafts resulted in a high incidence of anaplastic neural tumors predominantly derived from glial precursors. Cell lines established from these neoplasms expressed high levels of both oncogenes. In a second experiment, the ras/myc vector was introduced into cell suspensions from neonatal cerebellum. The transformed cells were cultured for 3 weeks. Following stereotaxic transplantation, tumors of a similar morphology were observed. However, one animal developed a neoplasm with features of a cerebellar medulloblastoma. A cell line which exhibits a marked capacity for neurite extension and synaptogenesis was established from this tumor. Since these cells neither express ras nor myc, an insertion mutagenesis event appears to be responsible. Experiments to characterize this mutation are in progress. Our results indicate a potent transforming effect of ras and myc on neural precursor cells in vivo.
Dose-dependent effects of aluminum on osteocalcin synthesis in osteoblast-like ROS 17/2 cells in culture (2006)

This in vitro study evaluates the effect of aluminum (Al3+) on osteocalcin, a small protein that is produced by the osteoblast. After stimulation with various doses of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3; 10(-11) to 10(-9) M], osteocalcin was consistently lower in the culture medium of ROS 17/2 osteoblastic cells conditioned with 5 microM Al(3+)-saturated transferrin (AlTR) than in apotransferrin (ApoTR)-treated controls. In a second experiment, cultures were conditioned with various doses of AlTR or ApoTR (1.6-8.0 microM) and stimulated with 10(-9) M 1,25(OH)2D3. High doses of AlTR (4.8-8.0 microM) resulted in lower medium and unchanged intracellular content of osteocalcin than treatment with equal amounts of ApoTR. However, in the same experiment, lower doses of AlTR or ApoTR (1.6 and 3.2 microM) yielded different results, i.e., increased medium and intracellular contents of osteocalcin in the Al(3+)-treated cells. Expression of osteocalcin mRNA was not altered in cultures conditioned with low (1.6 microM) or high (8.0 microM) concentrations of AlTR or ApoTR. Similarly, no effect of Al3+ was observed on total protein content, the rate of total protein synthesis, and the degradation of secreted osteocalcin in cultures conditioned with various doses of AlTR or ApoTR. These findings suggest that AlTR affects osteocalcin synthesis in a specific manner, without concomitant effects on the rate of total protein synthesis or on the rate of degradation of osteocalcin. This effect is dose dependent, i.e., low doses of AlTR stimulate and high doses suppress osteocalcin synthesis and/or secretion, and it appears to be posttranscriptional, since the expression of osteocalcin mRNA is not affected.