gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved power conversion efficiency in high-performance photodiodes by flip-chip bonding on diamond (2014)

Recently, microwave photonic techniques have emerged to address the challenges that microwave systems face under high-frequency or wideband conditions. To a large extent, the performance of microwave photonic systems depends on the performance of individual optoelectronics devices, such as high-power and high power conversion efficiency photodiodes. Here, we report on a flip chip bonded on a diamond InP/InGaAs modified unitraveling carrier (MUTC) photodiode with record RF output powers of 32.7 dBm (1.86 W), 29.6 dBm, 28.2 dBm, and 26.2 dBm at 10, 15, 20, and 25 GHz, respectively, without active cooling. The corresponding dissipated powers are 34 dBm (2.5 W), 32.3 dBm, 30.4 dBm, and 28.3 dBm, respectively. Compared with previously reported RF power, the device on the diamond submount achieves >80% higher RF output power. Using the high-power and high-frequency MUTC photodiode on diamond submount, a record power conversion efficiency of 50.7%–60% at 6–10 GHz with ∼27.8  dBm RF output power has been achieved as compared to previously reported efficiencies in the <40% range in the corresponding frequency band.
Inferring Invariants with Quantifier Alternations: Taming the Search Space Explosion (2021)

We present a PDR/IC3 algorithm for finding inductive invariants with quantifier alternations. We tackle scalability issues that arise due to the large search space of quantified invariants by combining a breadth-first search strategy and a new syntactic form for quantifier-free bodies. The breadth-first strategy prevents inductive generalization from getting stuck in regions of the search space that are expensive to search and focuses instead on lemmas that are easy to discover. The new syntactic form is well-suited to lemmas with quantifier alternations by allowing both limited conjunction and disjunction in the quantifier-free body, while carefully controlling the size of the search space. Combining the breadth-first strategy with the new syntactic form results in useful inductive bias by prioritizing lemmas according to: (i) well-defined syntactic metrics for simple quantifier structures and quantifier-free bodies, and (ii) the empirically useful heuristic of preferring lemmas that are fast to discover. On a benchmark suite of primarily distributed protocols and complex Paxos variants, we demonstrate that our algorithm can solve more of the most complicated examples than state-of-the-art techniques.
Deletion of the Bacillus subtilis isocitrate dehydrogenase gene causes a block at stage I of sporulation (1997)

A Bacillus subtilis mutant with a deletion of citC, the gene encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase, the third enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid branch of the Krebs cycle, had a greatly reduced ability to sporulate. Analysis of expression of lacZ fusions to various sporulation gene promoters revealed that in the citC mutant development is probably blocked between stage 0 and stage II. That is, genes expressed very early in sporulation, under the direct control of the Spo0A transcription factor, were induced normally in the citC mutant. However, genes expressed after asymmetric septation (stage II) in wild-type cells were not induced in the citC mutant. Analysis of cell morphology by thin-section electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the mutant formed axial chromosomal filaments and accumulated rings of FtsZ protein at potential polar division sites but failed to form asymmetric division septa, indicating that sporulation is blocked at stage I. The growth and sporulation defects of the B. subtilis citC mutant were fully overcome by introduction and expression of the Escherichia coli icd gene, encoding an isocitrate dehydrogenase similar to the enzyme from B. subtilis.
Results from simulation and laboratory testing of air handling unit and variable air volume box diagnostic tools (2003)

Control of building systems is becoming increasingly more intelligent and complex. This development both necessitates the use of automated diagnostics to ensure fault-free operation and enables diagnostic capabilities for the various building systems by providing a distributed platform that is powerful and flexible enough to perform fault detection and diagnostic (FDD). Most of today's emerging FDD tools are stand-alone software products that do not reside in a building control system. Thus, trend data files must be processed off-line, or an interface to the building control system must be developed to enable on-line analysis. This is a cumbersome process and it does not scale well because all of the data must be obtained at a single point. A better approach would be to develop algorithms that can be embedded in commercial controllers so that the fault detection can be done as close to the source of the fault as possible. Only the result of the analysis needs to be conveyed to an operator or supervisory controller.
Automatic segmentation of breast lesions on ultrasound (2001)

In this paper we present a computationally efficient segmentation algorithm for breast masses on sonography that is based on maximizing a utility function over partition margins defined through gray-value thresholding of a preprocessed image. The performance of the segmentation algorithm is evaluated on a database of 400 cases in two ways. Of the 400 cases, 124 were complex cysts, 182 were benign solid lesions, and 94 were malignant lesions. In the first evaluation, the computer-delineated margins were compared to manually delineated margins. At an overlap threshold of 0.40, the segmentation algorithm correctly delineated 94% of the lesions. In the second evaluation, the performance of our computer-aided diagnosis method on the computer-delineated margins was compared to the performance of our method on the manually delineated margins. Round robin evaluation yielded Az values of 0.90 and 0.87 on the manually delineated margins and the computer-delineated margins, respectively, in the task of distinguishing between malignant and nonmalignant lesions.
Layered BP Decoding for Rate-Compatible Punctured LDPC Codes (2007)

Rate-compatible punctured LDPC codes have shown to perform well over a wide variety of code rates, both theoretically and practically. However it has been reported that the belief propagation (BP) decoding for these codes converges slower than for unpunctured codes. Layered BP algorithm is a modified BP algorithm that accelerates the decoding convergence by means of sequential scheduling of check node updates. In this letter, we propose an efficient scheduling of check node updates for rate-compatible punctured LDPC codes that performs well. We show that the convergence speed of the proposed scheduling outperforms conventional (random) scheduling and conventional BP decoding. Performance improvements become more distinctive with the growing fraction of punctured bits
Azo Dye Tautomeric Structures Determined by Laser-Raman Spectroscopy (1977)

Raman spectra of a number of azo dye structures have been analyzed. In azonaphthol and azopyrazol dyes, hydroxyazo to keto-hydrazone tautomerizations, [Formula: see text] were observed in aqueous basic and acidic media. Observations of azo and ring vibrations, as well as hydrazone (C=N plus C=0) bands, were made. It was noted that the azo-anions (examined at pH 12) convert to the protonated neutral hydrazone (keto) form in aqueous acid (run at pH 2). Infrared spectra were used to confirm the presence of the C=0 group in keto-tautomeric forms.
Nonlinear spatial self-cleaning in multimode amplifying fiber and fiber laser cavity (2017)

During the last years, multimode fibers (MMFs) were used as an experimental platform for the observation of complex nonlinear propagation phenomena, thanks to their additional spatiotemporal degrees of freedom with respect to single mode fibers. Multimode solitons [1], geometric parametric instability [2], self-induced beam cleaning (SBC) [3] and supercontinuum generation have been reported [4]. In all of these situations considered so far the MMFs were standard graded-index fibers: the intermodal interactions took place in a conservative system (propagation losses were negligible). In this work we have experimentally investigated the Kerr SBC in three dissipative systems: a MMF with significant linear losses, a MMF with active optical gain, and a coupled cavity laser including a MMF. We report in this work the observation of MMFs' output pattern reshaping and beam self-cleaning for all of these systems either as a power dependent or as a gain dependent transformation.
SMOS: The Payload (2008)

The European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite comprises a single payload instrument known as the Microwave Interferometric Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) coupled to a PROTEUS platform. MIRAS synthesizes a large aperture from a reasonably sized 2-D array of passive microwave radiometers. By using interferometric techniques, the required coverage and spatial resolution can be achieved without the need for a large antenna. This paper describes the MIRAS instrument, its observation modes, the imaging geometry, and data products.
Transmit power estimation with a single monitor in multi-band networks (2012)

Transmit power estimation is widely used in network monitoring, power-aware design of MANETs, primary user detection in cognitive radio networks and many other areas. Traditional methods for transmit power estimation are trilateration-based, which require an underlying infrastructure with at least three monitors. In this paper, we propose a novel transmit power estimation method which utilizes the nuance of the received signal strength at different frequencies. Our method only needs one monitor, thus has less hardware requirement and is much easier to carry around. We use a support vector machine to facilitate the estimation, and conduct real-world experiments to validate our method. The experimental results demonstrate that our method is able to achieve the accuracy as high as 90%, which in practice outperforms the trilateration method using multiple monitors.
Benchmarking multi‐GPU applications on modern multi‐GPU integrated systems (2019)

Summary GPUs are very powerful computing accelerators that are often employed in single‐device configuration. However, there is a steadily growing interest in using multiple GPUs in a concurrent way both to overcome the memory limitations of the single device and to further reduce execution times. Until recently, communication among GPUs had been carried out mainly by using networking technologies originally devised for standard CPUs with the CPU playing an active role in the communication. However, new alternatives start to be available in which a moderate number of GPUs are directly connected each other by means of proprietary technologies. We present the results of a set of experiments aimed at assessing the performance of some of these hardware/software platforms using a particularly challenging application as a benchmark. We release its source code to facilitate people interested in reproducing or extending our results.
Recent trends in space mapping technology (2004)

Slides to a presentation given at the Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference in New Delhi, India, on December 15, 2004.
COPB2 haploinsufficiency causes a coatopathy with osteoporosis and developmental delay (2020)

Abstract Coatomer complexes function in the sorting and trafficking of proteins between subcellular organelles. Pathogenic variants in coatomer subunits or associated factors have been reported in multi-systemic disorders, i.e., coatopathies, that can affect the skeletal and central nervous systems. We have identified loss-of-function variants in COPB2 , a component of the coatomer complex I (COPI), in individuals presenting with osteoporosis, fractures and developmental delay of variable severity. Because the role of COPB2 in bone has not been characterized, we studied the effect of COPB2 deficiency on skeletal development in mice and zebrafish. Copb2 +/− mice showed low bone mass and decreased bone strength. In zebrafish, larvae carrying a copb2 heterozygous frameshift variant showed delayed mineralization. copb2 -null embryos showed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi disorganization, and embryonic lethality. COPB2 siRNA-treated fibroblasts showed delayed collagen trafficking with retention of type I collagen in the ER and Golgi, and altered distribution of Golgi markers. Our data suggest that COPB2 haploinsufficiency leads to disruption of intracellular collagen trafficking and osteoporosis, which may improve with ascorbic acid supplementation. This work highlights the role of COPI complex as a critical regulator of bone mass and identifies a new form of coatopathy due to COPB2 deficiency.
Formation of molecular wires on nanostructured KBr (2007)

The formation of molecular wires on a nanostructured KBr(001) substrate is observed by non- contact atomic force microscopy. Locally polarized cyano porphyrin molecules evaporated on this sample assemble in a linear fashion along straight pit edges forming one dimensional structures.
Towards a Format Registry for Engineering Data (2007)

There has been a great deal of interest recently in the problem of long term archiving of digital data. This is especially so in engineering design, where the CAD software tools evolve rapidly but the manufactured products themselves have much longer lifetimes whose support requires archived design data in a usable form. The ISO Open Archival Information Systems (OAIS) Reference Model is a widely used standard for digital archiving, with an essential piece of this model being a file format registry. A file format registry is a system for housing information about file formats that allows for correct interpretation, rendering, storage, and translation of digital files. Currently there exists no file format registry specifically for CAD file formats. This paper explains the purpose of a file format registry for CAD in the greater context of digital archiving, and then presents our approach to creating a CAD file format registry using the Resource Description Framework (RDF) language of the Semantic Web. By creating our file format registry in RDF, we allow archival systems to perform automated reasoning on the stored files. We hope that this paper will increase awareness of this element of engineering design repositories in the research community of this conference.
System Design for Flexibility (2002)

With the term flexibility, we introduce a new design dimension of an embedded system that quantitatively characterizes its feasibility in implementing not only one, but possibly several alternative behaviors. This is important when designing systems that may adapt their behavior during operation, e.g., due to new environmental conditions, or when dimensioning a platform-based system that must implement a set of different behaviors. A hierarchical graph model is introduced that allows us to model flexibility and cost of a system formally. Based on this model, an efficient exploration algorithm to find the optimal flexibility/cost-tradeoff-curve of a system using the example of the design of a family of set-top boxes is proposed.
Complicated Pulmonary Pseudocyst Following Traumatic Lung Injury Rescued by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (2014)

Traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst is a rare complication of blunt chest trauma that usually appears immediately in children or young adults and is characterized by a single or multiple pulmonary cystic lesions on chest radiography and has spontaneous resolution of the radiologic manifestations. However, we experienced a case of a delayed complicated pulmonary pseudocyst in a 17-year-old boy following severe traumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome rescued by Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). In this case, the pseudocyst appeared on the 12th day after trauma and transformed into an infected cyst. Veno-venous ECMO was successfully maintained for 20 days without anticoagulation.
Wired and wireless convergent extended-reach optical access network using direct-detection of all-optical OFDM super-channel signal (2014)

We propose and demonstrate the feasibility of using all-optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (AO-OFDM) for the convergent optical wired and wireless access networks. AO-OFDM relies on all-optically generated orthogonal subcarriers; hence, high data rate (> 100 Gb/s) can be easily achieved without hitting the speed limit of electronic digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters (DAC/ADC). A proof-of-concept convergent access network using AO-OFDM super-channel (SC) is demonstrated supporting 40 - 100 Gb/s wired and gigabit/s 100 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) ROF transmissions.
Experiments and Simulations of EUV Lithographic Resist Patterning at Wavelengths from 7 to 40 nm (1994)

Both experiment and simulation of EUV lithographic resist patterning show that high resist absorption in the 7 to 40 nm wavelength region leads to unsatisfactory sidewall profiles in single-layer resists except at the shortest wavelengths.
Dual Stimuli‐Responsive Self‐Assembly Behavior of a Tailor‐Made ABC‐Type Amphiphilic Tri‐Block Copolymer (2020)

Abstract This investigation describes the synthesis of a dual stimuli‐responsive, amphiphilic ABC tri‐block copolymer (BCP) based on the functional monomers via RAFT polymerization. In this case, ABC‐type BCP was prepared based on N ‐isopropylacrylamide, n ‐butyl acrylate, and 4‐vinylpyridine in DMF solvent using cyanomethyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate as the RAFT agent and azobisisobutyronitrile as a thermal initiator in a subsequent macro‐RAFT approach, respectively. The BCPs were characterized by SEC, 1 H‐NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and DSC analyses. Temperature and pH‐dependent properties of the smart BCP micelles in aqueous medium were investigated using dynamic light scattering. Transmission electron microscopic images were taken at cryogenic and dry conditions to study the morphology of molecular assemblies of block copolymers in an aqueous medium. The phase and topographical images were captured by atomic force microscopy to understand the assembly of block copolymers in solvents of different polarities. The morphology of BCP micelles was transformed from flower‐like to spherical in the presence of solvents with different polarities (H 2 O or CHCl 3 ).
Demosaicing: image reconstruction from color CCD samples (1999)

A simplified color image formation model is used to construct an algorithm for image reconstruction from CCD sensors samples. The proposed method involves two successive steps. The first is motivated by Cok's template matching technique, while the second step uses steerable inverse diffusion in color. Classical linear signal processing techniques tend to oversmooth the image and result in noticeable color artifacts along edges and sharp features. The question is how should the different color channels support each other to form the best possible reconstruction. Our answer is to let the edges support the color information, and the color channels support the edges, and thereby achieve better perceptual results than those that are bounded by the sampling theoretical limit.
Fabrication of Glass Stamper for Injection Molding (1992)

We have studied the fabrication process of a glass stamper for injection molding. Quartz was the optimum material because of its excellent heat-cycle resistance. Applying a photoresist for image reversal allowed the formation of a protrudent signal pit with 0.25-µm width. Reactive ion etching (RIE) using CHF 3 gas enabled the quartz surface to be etched with small roughness. In the injection molding process, pits were precisely replicated from the glass stamper.
New 1-k PROM for the coincidence-counter electronics package (1982)

A new programmable read-only memory (PROM) for the Los Alamos-designed neutron coincidence electronics package is described. The new 1-k PROM allows remote control of the electronics by a computer or a remote terminal through an RS-232 serial data port. No modifications of the existing unit are required.
Structure - function correlation in lipase catalysed esterification reactions of short and medium carbon chain length alcohols and acids (2002)

An attempt has been made to correlate the carbon chain lengths of acids and alcohols to the extent of esterification in the Rhizomucor miehei lipase catalyzed esterification reactions involving acids of carbon chain length C2-C5 and alcohols of carbon chain length C1-C8.
RSSI-Based Distributed Self-Localization for Wireless Sensor Networks\n used in Precision Agriculture (2015)

Node localization algorithms that can be easily integrated into deployed\nwireless sensor networks (WSNs) and which run seamlessly with proprietary lower\nlayer communication protocols running on off-the-shelf modules can help\noperators of large farms and orchards avoid the difficulty, cost and/or time\ninvolved with manual or satellite-based node localization techniques. Even\nthough the state-of-the-art node localization algorithms can achieve low error\nrates using distributed techniques such as belief propagation (BP), they are\nnot well suited to WSNs deployed for precision agriculture applications with\nlarge number of nodes, few number of landmarks and lack real time update\ncapability. The algorithm proposed here is designed for applications such as\npest control and irrigation in large farms and orchards where greater power\nefficiency and scalability are required but location accuracy requirements are\nless demanding. Our algorithm uses received signal strength indicator (RSSI)\nvalues to estimate the distribution of distance between nodes then updates the\nlocation probability mass function (pmf) of nodes in a distributed manner. At\nevery time step, the most recently communicated path loss samples and location\nprior pmf received from neighbouring nodes is sufficient for nodes with unknown\nlocation to update their location pmf. This renders the algorithm recursive,\nhence results in lower computational complexity at each time step. We propose a\nparticular realization of the method in which only one node multicasts at each\ntime step and neighbouring nodes update their location pmf conditioned on all\ncommunicated samples over previous time steps. This is highly compatible with\nrealistic WSN deployments, e.g., ZigBee which are based upon the ad hoc\non-demand distance vector (AODV) where nodes flood route request (RREQ) and\nroute reply (RREP) packets in the network.\n