gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction-Based Disentanglement for Pose-invariant Face Recognition (2017)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) trained on large-scale datasets have recently achieved impressive improvements in face recognition. But a persistent challenge remains to develop methods capable of handling large pose variations that are relatively underrepresented in training data. This paper presents a method for learning a feature representation that is invariant to pose, without requiring extensive pose coverage in training data. We first propose to generate non-frontal views from a single frontal face, in order to increase the diversity of training data while preserving accurate facial details that are critical for identity discrimination. Our next contribution is to seek a rich embedding that encodes identity features, as well as non-identity ones such as pose and landmark locations. Finally, we propose a new feature reconstruction metric learning to explicitly disentangle identity and pose, by demanding alignment between the feature reconstructions through various combinations of identity and pose features, which is obtained from two images of the same subject. Experiments on both controlled and in-the-wild face datasets, such as MultiPIE, 300WLP and the profile view database CFP, show that our method consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art, especially on images with large head pose variations. Detail results and resource are referred to https://sites.google.com/site/xipengcshomepage/iccv2017
Communications satellites: orbiting into the 90s (1990)

Engineering advances in satellite communications are discussed. These include sophisticated switchboards, narrow beams, source coding for higher capacity, larger networks, and the use of higher and lower frequency bands and lower orbits. One of the most popular new 14/11-14/12 GHz commercial services has been time-division multiplexing of multiple carriers operating at low to medium bit rates. Multiple-carrier, low-burst-rate TDMA (time-division multiple access), in which several TDMA carriers are shared among ground terminals, is widely used with very small-aperture terminals (VSAT) on the customer's premises. NASA's (US National Aeronautic and Space Administration) ACTS and Italy's Italsat both plan to use signal regeneration at 30/20 GHz. Onboard switching and multiplexing will not only minimize noise and boost power, but also trim the cost of the entire satellite network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An improved fabrication technique for porous silicon (1993)

An improved technique for fabrication of porous silicon is described. Silicon wafers of any size and shape can be anodized with this very versatile apparatus. Also, this technique is shown to be safer due to reduced HF acid handling. Overall, this equipment allows more efficient fabrication of uniform and good quality porous silicon safely on silicon wafers of variable sizes and shapes.
Re: Inhibition of the Cation Channel TRPV4 Improves Bladder Function in Mice and Rats With Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis (2011)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Aug 2011Re: Inhibition of the Cation Channel TRPV4 Improves Bladder Function in Mice and Rats With Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis Anthony AtalaM.D. Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.04.033AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Inhibition of the Cation Channel TRPV4 Improves Bladder Function in Mice and Rats With Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis." The Journal of Urology, 186(2), p. 753 © 2011 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 186Issue 2August 2011Page: 753 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2011 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
ATP-Citrate Lyase as a Target for Hypolipidemic Intervention. Design and Synthesis of 2-Substituted Butanedioic Acids as Novel, Potent Inhibitors of the Enzyme (1996)

ATP-citrate lyase is the primary enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA in many tissues. Inhibitors of the enzyme represent a potentially novel class of hypolipidemic agent, which are anticipated to have combined hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic properties. A series of 2-substituted butanedioic acids have been designed and synthesized as inhibitors of the enzyme. The best compounds, 58, 68, 71, 74 have reversible Ki's in the 1-3 microM range against the isolated rat enzyme. As representative of this compound class, 58, has been shown to exert its inhibitory action through a mainly competitive mechanism with respect to citrate and a noncompetitive one with respect to CoA. None of the inhibitors were able to inhibit cholesterol and/or fatty acid synthesis in HepG2 cells. This has been attributed to the adverse physicochemical properties of the molecules leading to a lack of cell penetration. Despite this, a lead structural class of compound has been identified with the potential for modification into potent, cell-penetrant, and efficacious inhibitors of ATP-citrate lyase.
Two Major Types of JC Virus Defined in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Brain by Early and Late Coding Region DNA Sequences (1992)

A 610-bp region of the JC virus (JCV) genome sequenced from brains of 11 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) patients contains 20 sites of point mutations that allow reliable classification of JCV isolates into two types. These type-determining sites were located in the region extending from position 2131 in the VP1 gene, through the intergenic region, to position 2740 in the T antigen gene. At these 20 sites the presence of different nucleotides creates two distinct patterns of substitution, with six isolates having the Type 1 pattern and five having the Type 2 pattern. Only four of the 11 isolates had 'crossovers' to the opposite type consensus DNA sequence at a small number of sites, indicating a very high type specificity. Additionally, three type-determining sites occur in the non-coding region to the left of the origin of replication. Other mutations occurred at random sites, making each strain unique, although one strain, 105, is identical to the Type 1 consensus. The JCV prototype strain Mad-1 was found to be Type 1 and differs from the consensus sequence at five sites. The other previously sequenced JCV strain, GS/B, is Type 2. At three sites out of five in the T antigen C terminus there is a type-specific amino acid substitution; however, none of the type-determining mutations in the VP1 gene cause an amino acid substitution. Comparison of each type's consensus DNA sequence to that of BK virus suggests that Type 2 represents the ancestral JCV sequence from which Type 1 diverged during human evolution.
Three-dimensional numerical analysis of corner effect of an excavation supported by ground anchors (2019)

This paper presents a case study and numerical simulations of a corner of a deep excavation in Tehran supported by soldier piles and ground anchors. This study focuses on the differences between 2D and 3D numerical modelling in estimating the wall deflection at the corner locations of the excavation. Furthermore, the performance of modelling with Mohr–Coulomb constitutive law was compared with the result of a hardening soil model. The modelling procedure was calibrated against a full-scale instrumented tieback wall at Texas A&M University and the monitoring data of the excavation project. The results indicated that the hardening soil model yields reasonable predictions of wall deflection in comparison to the Mohr–Coulomb model. Moreover, the 2D analysis overestimates the wall deflection near the corners. The 3D analysis shows that the closer each soldier pile to the corner, the lower the deflections of the soldier pile.
Surface Modifications of Support Partitions for Stabilizing Biomimetic Membrane Arrays (2013)

Black lipid membrane (BLM) formation across apertures in an ethylene tetra-fluoroethylene (ETFE) partition separating two aqueous compartments is an established technique for the creation of biomimetic membranes. Recently multi-aperture BLM arrays have attracted interest and in order to increase BLM array stability we studied the effect of covalently modifying the partition substrate using surface plasma polymerization with hydrophobic n-hexene, 1-decene and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) as modification groups. Average lifetimes across singlesided HMDSO modified partitions or using 1-decene modified partitions were similar and significantly lower than for arrays formed using untreated ETFE partitions. For single side n-hexene modification average membrane array lifetimes were not significantly changed compared to untreated ETFE. Double-sided n-hexene modification greatly improved average membrane array lifetimes compared to membrane arrays formed across untreated ETFE partitions. n-hexene modifications resulted in BLM membrane arrays which over time developed significantly lower conductance (Gm) and higher capacitance (Cm) values compared to the other membranes with the strongest effect for double sided modification. n-hexene modification is evident as a change in surface energy whereas the surface roughness does not change significantly. The concomitant low Gm and high Cm values for BLM arrays formed using double-sided n-hexene modification enable transmembrane ionic current recordings with a high signal-to-noise (s/n) ratio. We demonstratesd this by reconstituting gA and α-hemolysin (α-HL) into BLM arrays. The improvement in membrane array lifetime and s/n ratio demonstrates that surface plasma polymerization of the supporting partition can be used to increase the stability of biomimetic membrane arrays.
Differences of Dynamic Visual Acuity According to Optical Lens Color (2011)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of dynamic visual acuity to color of optical lens. Methods: we measured dynamic visual acuity using 5 colored lenses (transparent, yellow, blue, green, brown) for 30 university students. Results: Dynamic visual acuity were highest on yellow colored lens and lowest on brown colored lens, for both of naked eyes and contact lens wearers. Conclusions: It can be concluded that optical lens color can influence on dynamic visual acuity. Selection of colour lense can enhance or decrease of dynamic visual acuity. Therefore, a selection of colour lense should be carefully decided especially for athletes who needs a good dynamic visual acuity.
Phospholipase C Signalling (1995)

Lipids were originally thought to play important roles only in energy storage and membrane structure. Recent experimental evidence indicate that phospholipids also play criticalroles as mediators in cell activation and signal transduction. Phospholipases are the key enzymes thatregulate various signalling pathways. Inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC) catalyzes thehydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), to generate inositol triphosphate (IP3) and dia-cylglycerol (DAG) in response to several receptor-binding growth/differentiation factors, hormones, andneurotransmitters. The hydrolysis products serve as intracellular second messenger molecules which amplifythe initial signalling events leading to cellular calcium mobilization by IP3 and protein kinase C (PKC) ac-tivation by DAG. In this article, we address two aspects to PLC signalling: 1. characterization, purificationand molecular cloning of PLC isozymes; and 2. mitogenic and catalytic activities of PLC isozymes. In addi-tion to reviewing published data on PLC signalling, we have included new data that examine the mitogenicactivity of the PLC isozymes. PLC-,B and PLC--y induce DNA synthesis after microinjection into quiescentNIH/3T3 cells, while PLC-IJ does not exhibit this activity. Monoclonal antibodies to PLC--y were shown toblock serum-stimulated growth of NIH/3T3 cells and several oncogenes transformed NIH/3T3 cells (fes, src, ras and mos), yet Raf transformed cells were not inhibited by antibody injection. Thus, PLC--y signalling is required for serum- and (fes, src, ras and mos) oncogene-induced proliferation of fibroblasts.
Electron Transfer Activation of Chromopyrrolic Acid by Cytochrome P450 En Route to the Formation of an Antitumor Indolocarbazole Derivative: Theory Supports Experiment (2008)

QM/MM calculations support experiment and show that StaP is a P450 that functions like a peroxidase: its active species is the one-electron-reduced Cpd II species with a radical on CPA, by analogy to cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP), and its reaction with the substrate proceeds by overall proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), in analogy to the corresponding mechanism in horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The electron transfer is enabled by His250, the presence of carboxylate groups in CPA, and by the H-bonding network that tunes the energetic of the process. Theory supports experiment but reveals some novel aspects of this unusual P450.
Discoidin domain receptor 1 isoform‐a (DDRla) promotes migration of leukocytes in three‐dimensional collagen lattices (2001)

Although integrins are crucial for migration of leukocytes through endothelium, integrin-independent mechanisms appear to take over and mediate the migration of leukocytes through extracellular matrix (ECM) in a three-dimensional tissue microenvironment. Discoidin domain receptor (DDR) 1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by collagen, the most abundant ECM protein. In the present study, we detected that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils were induced to express DDR1 after incubation in RPMI 1640. The expression level of DDR1 in PBMC was increased further by stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, lipopolysaccharide, or phytohemagglutinin, but not with interferon-gamma. In vivo, DDR1 mRNA was detectable in mononuclear leukocytes infiltrating human renal tumor tissue. Among three DDR1 isoforms, DDR1alpha was the major transcript in leukocytes. Functionally, overexpression of either DDR1alpha or DDR1beta in THP-1 cells resulted in increased adherence to collagen-coated plates in a beta1-integrin independent manner. However, only DDR1alpha-, but not DDR1beta-, overexpressing cells exhibited marked pseudopod extension and migrated successfully through three-dimensional collagen lattices. Consequently, we propose that the interaction of DDR1alpha with collagen of the ECM results in a requisite intracellular signaling that enables leukocytes to migrate in a tissue microenvironment and participate in host defense.
Liquid-phase reforming and hydrodeoxygenation as a two-step route to aromatics from lignin (2013)

A two-step approach to the conversion of organosolv, kraft and sugarcane bagasse lignin to monoaromatic compounds of low oxygen content is presented. The first step consists of lignin depolymerization in a liquid phase reforming (LPR) reaction over a 1 wt% Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst at 225 °C in alkaline ethanol–water. The first LPR step resulted in a decrease in lignin molecular weight of 32%, 57% and 27% for organosolv, kraft and bagasse lignin, respectively. GC analysis of the depolymerized lignin reaction mixture furthermore showed the formation of alkylated phenol, guaiacol and syringol-type products in 11%, 9% and 5% yields from organosolv, kraft and bagasse lignin, respectively. The lignin-oil that was isolated by extraction of the ethanol–water solution was subjected to a subsequent hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reaction in the second conversion step. HDO of the lignin-oil was performed in dodecane at 300 °C under 50 bar hydrogen pressure over CoMo/Al2O3 and Mo2C/CNF catalysts. GC analysis of the product mixture obtained after the two-step LPR–HDO process revealed the formation of, amongst others, benzene, toluene, xylenes and ethylmethylbenzenes. Of the total observed monomeric products (9%), 25% consisted of these oxygen-free products. Notably, such products cannot be obtained by direct HDO of lignin. HDO of the lignin-oil at 350 °C resulted in the conversion of all tris-oxygenated products, with 57% of the observed monomeric products now identified as mono-oxygenated phenolics.
Structural Phase Transition in Two-Dimensional Polar Crystallites of Organic Dye Molecules: In-Plane X-ray Diffraction Analysis (2002)

The two-dimensional polar crystallite of amphiphilic merocyanine dye molecules exhibits a thermochromic phase transition on the aqueous subphase. Grazing incident X-ray diffraction measurements were performed onto Langmuir-Blodgett films consisting of the high and/or low temperature phases of the crystallites. It was clarified that the transition accompanies the structural change of the crystallite.
The evolving natural history of neurophysiologic function in patients with well‐controlled diabetes (2013)

This study aimed to investigate prospective changes to neurophysiologic function over 3 years in patients with well-controlled diabetes. Sixty-two subjects had neurologic examinations, symptom scores, autonomic testing, nerve conduction studies, quantitative sensory testing, and laser-Doppler flowmetry at 18-month intervals for 3 years. During the study, there was a 1 µV decrease in sural amplitude (p < 0.05), an increase in monofilament detection threshold of 0.36 g (p < 0.001), and a decrease in the axon-reflex vasodilation in the foot (p < 0.005) and forearm (p < 0.05). There was an increase in symptoms of distal hypersensitivity (p < 0.005) but no change in neuropathy frequency or severity. Our findings suggest that laser-Doppler flowmetry, a test of small fiber function, can detect the largest neurophysiologic change over time in groups of patients with diabetes. Sural nerve amplitude and monofilament thresholds may be more effective at detecting change in individual patients. Other tests of neurophysiologic function may require longer periods of time and greater numbers of participants to detect a difference. We conclude that patients with well-controlled diabetes and optimal medical management of comorbid risk factors have low rates of neuropathy development and progression although the clinical relevance of this finding to the general population of individuals with diabetes is unknown.
CYTOTOXICITY STUDIES OF K1-LYSPE38QQR, AN IMMUNOTOXIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF OVARIAN CANCER AND MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMAS (1997)

Hassan, R.; Kreitman, R. J.; Margulies, I.; Chang, K.; Wang, O. C.; Pastan, I. Author Information
A Fully-Distributed Heuristic Algorithm for Control of Autonomous Vehicle Movements at Isolated Intersections (2014)

Optimizing autonomous vehicle movements through roadway intersections is a challenging problem. It has been demonstrated in the literature that traditional traffic control, such as traffic signal and stop sign control are not optimal especially for heavy traffic demand levels. Alternatively, centralized autonomous vehicle control strategies are costly and not scalable given that the ability of a central controller to track and schedule the movement of hundreds of vehicles in real-time is questionable. Consequently, in this paper a fully distributed algorithm is proposed where vehicles in the vicinity of an intersection continuously cooperate with each other to develop a schedule that allows them to safely proceed through the intersection while incurring minimum delay. Unlike other distributed approaches described in the literature, the wireless communication constraints are considered in the design of the control algorithm. Specifically, the proposed algorithm requires vehicles heading to an intersection to communicate only with neighboring vehicles, while the lead vehicles on each approach lane share information to develop a complete intersection utilization schedule. The scheduling rotates between vehicles to identify higher traffic volumes and favor vehicles coming from heavier lanes to minimize the overall intersection delay. The simulated experiments show significant reductions in the average delay using the proposed approach compared to other methods reported in the literature and reduction in the maximum delay experienced by a vehicle especially in cases of heavy traffic demand levels.
Transmitted HIV Drug Resistance in Bulgaria Occurs in Clusters of Individuals from Different Transmission Groups and Various Subtypes (2012–2020) (2023)

Transmitted HIV drug resistance in Bulgaria was first reported in 2015 using data from 1988-2011. We determined the prevalence of surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) and HIV-1 genetic diversity in Bulgaria during 2012-2020 using polymerase sequences from 1053 of 2010 (52.4%) antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive individuals. Sequences were analyzed for DRM using the WHO HIV SDRM list implemented in the calculated population resistance tool at Stanford University. Genetic diversity was inferred using automated subtyping tools and phylogenetics. Cluster detection and characterization was performed using MicrobeTrace. The overall rate of SDRMs was 5.7% (60/1053), with 2.2% having resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 1.8% to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 2.1% to protease inhibitors (PIs), and 0.4% with dual-class SDRMs. We found high HIV-1 diversity, with the majority being subtype B (60.4%), followed by F1 (6.9%), CRF02_AG (5.2%), A1 (3.7%), CRF12_BF (0.8%), and other subtypes and recombinant forms (23%). Most (34/60, 56.7%) of the SDRMs were present in transmission clusters of different subtypes composed mostly of male-to-male sexual contact (MMSC), including a 14-member cluster of subtype B sequences from 12 MMSC and two males reporting heterosexual contact; 13 had the L90M PI mutation and one had the T215S NRTI SDRM. We found a low SDRM prevalence amid high HIV-1 diversity among ART-naive patients in Bulgaria during 2012-2020. The majority of SDRMs were found in transmission clusters containing MMSC, indicative of onward spread of SDRM in drug-naive individuals. Our study provides valuable information on the transmission dynamics of HIV drug resistance in the context of high genetic diversity in Bulgaria, for the development of enhanced prevention strategies to end the epidemic.
Tetrathionate production by sulfur oxidizing bacteria and the role of tetrathionate in the sulfur cycle of Baltic Sea sediments (1999)

The role of tetrathionate in the sulfur cycle of Baltic Sea sediments was investigated in different habitats and under a variety of environmental conditions. Sediment profiles were recorded with regard to numbers of thiosulfate oxidizing bacteria, concentrations of sulfur compounds, and potential rates of thiosulfate oxidation. Products of thiosulfate oxidation were quantified in incubated sediment samples and in pure cultures. Evidence was found that tetrathionate is formed within these sediments, that sulfur oxidizing bacteria are present in considerable numbers, that these bacteria are of major importance in the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds in their habitat, and that tetrathionate is an important oxidation product of these bacteria. Thiosulfate is oxldized by bacteria isolated from these sediments to varying proportions of tetrathionate, sulfate, and also elemental sulfur. In highly sulfidic sediments and in the presence of large amounts of organic matter, tetrathionate was present in sediment horizons in which thiosulfate and elemental sulfur also accumulated. A tetrathionate cycle is proposed to be active in natural marine and brackish water sediments in which, due to combined bacterial action and chemical reactions, a net oxidation of sulfide to elemental sulfur occurs in the presence of catalytic amounts of thiosulfate and tetrathionate.