gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Somatostatin inhibits insulin secretion by a G-protein-mediated decrease in Ca2+ entry through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in the beta cell. (1991)

We tested the hypothesis that somatostatin (SRIF) inhibits insulin secretion from an SV40 transformed hamster beta cell line (HIT cells) by an effect on the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and examined whether G-proteins were involved in the process. Ca2+ currents were recorded by the whole cell patch-clamp method, the free cytosolic calcium, [Ca2+]i, was monitored in HIT cells by fura-2, and cAMP and insulin secretion were measured by radioimmunoassay. SRIF decreased Ca2+ currents, [Ca2+]i, and basal insulin secretion in a dose-dependent manner over the range of 10(-12)-10(-7)M. The increase in [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion induced by either depolarization with K+ (15 mM) or by the Ca2+ channel agonist, Bay K 8644 (1 microM) was attenuated by SRIF in a dose-dependent manner over the same range of 10(-12)-10(-7) M. the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for SRIF inhibition of insulin secretion were 8.6 X 10(-12) M and 8.3 X 10(-11) M for K+ and Bay K 8644-stimulated secretion and 1 X 10(-10) M and 2.9 X 10(-10) M for the SRIF inhibition of the K+ and Bay K 8644-induced rise in [Ca2+]i, respectively. SRIF also attenuated the rise in [Ca2+]i induced by the cAMP-elevating agent, isobutylmethylxanthine (1 mM) in the presence of glucose. Bay K 8644, K+ and SRIF had no significant effects on cAMP levels and SRIF had no effects on adenylyl cyclase activity at concentrations lower than 1 microM. SRIF (100 nM) did not change K+ efflux (measured by 86Rb+) through ATP-sensitive K+ channels in HIT cells. SRIF (up to 1 microM) had no significant effect on membrane potential measured by bisoxonol fluorescence. Pretreatment of the HIT cells with pertussis toxin (0.1 microgram/ml) overnight abolished the effects of SRIF on Ca2+ currents, [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion implying a G-protein dependence in SRIF's actions. Thus, one mechanism by which SRIF decreases insulin secretion is by inhibiting Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, an action mediated through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein.
Pharmacogenetic implications for eight common blood pressure-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (2012)

For a majority of these, eight recently identified BP-associated SNPs, there are probably no important pharmacogenetic interactions for BP reduction with use of beta-blockers, diuretics or diltiazem. Whether the nominally significant associations for rs12946454 and rs11191548 are true signals and could be of possible clinical relevance for deciding treatment of polygenic essential hypertension should be further tested.
Hypoxia Pathway Proteins As Central Mediators of Metabolism in the Tumor Cells and Their Microenvironment (2018)

Low oxygen tension or hypoxia is a determining factor in the course of many different processes in animals, including when tissue expansion and cellular metabolism result in high oxygen demands that exceed its supply. This is mainly happening when cells actively proliferate and the proliferating mass becomes distant from the blood vessels, such as in growing tumors. Metabolic alterations in response to hypoxia can be triggered in a direct manner, such as the switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis or inhibition of fatty acid desaturation. However, as the modulated action of hypoxia-inducible factors or the oxygen sensors (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes) can also lead to changes in enzyme expression, these metabolic changes can also be indirect. With this review, we want to summarize our current knowledge of the hypoxia-induced changes in metabolism during cancer development, how they are affected in the tumor cells and in the cells of the microenvironment, most prominently in immune cells.
Water for Haemodialysis and Related Therapies: Recent Standards and Emerging Issues (2010)

Dialysis is a well-established and widely used procedure. For a number of years, the focus has been on ensuring that water used in the preparation of dialysis fluid meets the required chemical and microbiological quality and complies with national or international standards which have recently been updated. Continued vigilance is required, in particular when new chemicals such as silver-stabilized hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide are used to prevent growth of Legionella bacteria in hospital water systems, since residues are harmful to patients receiving dialysis. To achieve the required quality, large volumes of water are processed, and a substantial portion is sent to waste via the municipal sewer systems with little attempt to reuse such water on site. In view of concern about global warming and climate change, there is a need to adopt a more environmentally conscious attitude requiring dialysis providers to focus on this aspect of water usage.
New phases in the Al-Co-Cu alloy system : Marked variations from the “true” decagonal phase (1992)

The decagonal phase in the Al-Co-Cu alloy system was first discovered by He et al. We shall call this phase the “true” decagonal phase (TD) phase because it is the one most commonly observed in the Al-Co-Cu alloy system. It is well known that quasicrystalline phases such as the TD phase contain the phason defect peculiar to incommensurate phases that causes subtle variations from perfect decagonal symmetry. In this paper we report on the existence of new phases in the Al-Co-Cu alloy system, that are related to the TD phase but yet show marked variations from the TD phase. These variations are too drastic to be caused by phason defects alone. Figure 1(a) is a selected area diffraction pattern (SADP) recorded from a TD phase single “crystal” showing near perfect decagonal (tenfold) symmetry. This SADP agrees very well with the first published SADP of the TD phase in Al-Co-Cu that also shows almost perfect decagonal symmetry. In a previous paper we have reported several kinds of deviations from perfect decagonal symmetry, but none of these deviations involved the observation of perfect pentagonal (fivefold) symmetry. Figure 1(b) is an SADP recorded from a phase in Al-Co-Cu that exhibits perfect pentagonal symmetry instead of the expected decagonal symmetry. This breakdown of true tenfold symmetry into true fivefold symmetry is caused by unequal intensities of equal and opposite reflections. This example is a clear violation of Friedel's law, which states that the intensities of equal and opposite diffraction vectors must be equal.
Toxoplasma vaccines (2001)

The rational design of vaccines should be considered within the context of the immunity that naturally develops against the targeted infection. It follows that each specific infection must be viewed in the context of the transmission cycle and epidemiology. The biological attributes of the microbe should be separated as much as possible from those of its hosts, and should be understood in terms of the evolution of the organism.
Bridge condition assessment based on long-term strain monitoring (2011)

In consideration of the important role that bridges play as transportation infrastructures, their safety, durability and serviceability have always been deeply concerned. Structural Health Monitoring Systems (SHMS) have been installed to many long-span bridges to provide bridge engineers with the information needed in making rational decisions for maintenance. However, SHMS also confronted bridge engineers with the challenge of efficient use of monitoring data. Thus, methodologies which are robust to random disturbance and sensitive to damage become a subject on which many researches in structural condition assessment concentrate. In this study, an innovative probabilistic approach for condition assessment of bridge structures was proposed on the basis of long-term strain monitoring on steel girder of a cable-stayed bridge. First, the methodology of damage detection in the vicinity of monitoring point using strain-based indices was investigated. Then, the composition of strain response of bridge under operational loads was analyzed. Thirdly, the influence of temperature and wind on strains was eliminated and thus strain fluctuation under vehicle loads is obtained. Finally, damage evolution assessment was carried out based on the statistical characteristics of rain-flow cycles derived from the strain fluctuation under vehicle loads. The research conducted indicates that the methodology proposed is qualified for structural condition assessment so far as the following respects are concerned: (a) capability of revealing structural deterioration; (b) immunity to the influence of environmental variation; (c) adaptability to the random characteristic exhibited by long-term monitoring data. Further examination of the applicability of the proposed methodology in aging bridge may provide a more convincing validation.
Inhibition by Guanethidine of Chemoreceptor Reflex-Induced Vasodilatation (1977)

The vascular responses in the hind paw associated with stimulation of the carotid body chemoreceptor reflex were studied in morphine-sedated, chloralose-urethane-anesthetized dogs. Intracarotid arterial injection of nicotine (30-200 μg) elicited reflex vasodilatation in the perfused hind paw in control animals. In animals treated for 3 consecutive days with guan-ethidine (2.5, 5, and 5 mg/kg/day) chemoreceptor stimulation with nicotine failed to evoke reflex vasodilatation in the hind paw, whereas intraarterial administration of ni-troglycerin and stimulation of the intact tibial nerve readily produced vasodilatation. Acute administration of guanethidine (5 mg/kg) also abolished chemoreceptor reflex-induced responses in the hind paw. The results of this investigation suggest that the chemoreceptor reflex-induced vasodilatation in the hind paw is due to an inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone and does not represent activation of sustained vasodilatation.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of the C1‐C9 Segment of Bryostatin by Kinetic Resolution of Racemic β‐Keto Esters. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Graphite/Cyanate Ester Face Sheets for Adaptive Optics (2008)

It has been proposed that thin face sheets of wide-aperture deformable mirrors in adaptive-optics systems be made from a composite material consisting of cyanate ester filled with graphite. This composite material appears to offer an attractive alternative to low-thermal-expansion glasses that are used in some conventional optics and have been considered for adaptive-optics face sheets. Adaptive-optics face sheets are required to have maximum linear dimensions of the order of meters or even tens of meters for some astronomical applications. If the face sheets were to be made from low-thermal-expansion glasses, then they would also be required to have thicknesses of the order of a millimeter so as to obtain the optimum compromise between the stiffness needed for support and the flexibility needed to enable deformation to controlled shapes by use of actuators. It is difficult to make large glass sheets having thicknesses less than 3 mm, and 3-mm-thick glass sheets are too stiff to be deformable to the shapes typically required for correction of wavefronts of light that has traversed the terrestrial atmosphere. Moreover, the primary commercially produced candidate low-thermal-expansion glass is easily fractured when in the form of thin face sheets. Graphite-filled cyanate ester has relevant properties similar to those of the low-expansion glasses. These properties include a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the order of a hundredth of the CTEs of other typical mirror materials. The Young s modulus (which quantifies stiffness in tension and compression) of graphite-filled cyanate ester is also similar to the Young's moduli of low-thermal-expansion glasses. However, the fracture toughness of graphite-filled cyanate ester is much greater than that of the primary candidate low-thermal-expansion glass. Therefore, graphite-filled cyanate ester could be made into nearly unbreakable face sheets, having maximum linear dimensions greater than a meter and thicknesses of the order of a millimeter, that would satisfy the requirements for use in adaptive optics.
Genetic characterization of T-DNA insertions in the genome of the Arabidopsis thaliana sumo1/2 knock-down line (2017)

Sumoylation is an essential post-translational modification in Arabidopsis thaliana, which entails the conjugation of the SUMO protein onto lysine residues in target proteins. In Arabidopsis, 2 closely related genes, SUMO1 and SUMO2, act redundantly and are in combination essential for plant development, i.e. the combined loss of SUMO1 and SUMO2 results in embryo-lethality. To circumvent this lethality, SUMO2 was previously knocked down in a sumo1 knockout background by expressing an artificial microRNA that targets SUMO2 (amiR-SUMO2). This sumo1/2<sup>KD</sup> line with low SUMO2 levels represents a valuable genetics tool to investigate SUMO function in planta. Here, we re-sequenced the whole-genome of this sumo1/2<sup>KD</sup> line and identified 2 amiR-SUMO2 insertions in this line, which were confirmed by PCR-genotyping. Identification of these 2 insertions enables genetics with this tool.
A Nonlinear Block Structure Identification Procedure Using Frequency Response Function Measurements (2008)

Based on simple frequency response function (FRF) measurements, we give the user some guidance in the selection of an appropriate nonlinear block structure for the system to be modeled. The method consists in measuring the FRF using a Gaussian-like input signal and varying in a first experiment the root-mean-square (rms) value of this signal while maintaining the coloring of the power spectrum. Next, in a second experiment, the coloring of the power spectrum is varied while keeping the rms value constant. Based on the resulting behavior of the FRF, an appropriate nonlinear block structure can be selected to approximate the real system. The identification of the selected block-oriented model itself is not addressed in this paper. A theoretical analysis and two practical applications of this structure identification method are presented for some nonlinear block structures.
Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery (2018)

Arthroscopic surgery involves performing surgical procedures using a camera inserted in the joint for visualization and one or more additional access points (or portals) to the joint using stab incisions. Endoscopic surgery uses a camera and portals to complete similar procedures outside of joint cavities. Most shoulder surgeons do not distinguish between endoscopic and arthroscopic procedures, and the term <italic>shoulder arthroscopy</italic> is oftentimes used to refer to both. Currently, many shoulder surgeries are largely or exclusively performed arthroscopically. This is due to improvements in equipment, instrumentation, and implants; better surgeon understanding and training in arthroscopic anatomy and techniques; and interest by surgeons and patients in less invasive, more accurate surgeries.
Mitochondrial Toxicity in the Era of HAART: Evaluating Venous Lactate and Peripheral Blood Mitochondrial DNA in HIV-Infected Patients Taking Antiretroviral Therapy (2003)

Nucleoside analogs can induce mitochondrial toxicity by inhibiting the human DNA polymerase gamma. This can lead to a wide range of clinical toxicities, from asymptomatic hyperlactatemia to death. Despite their technical and physiological variability, we propose that random venous lactate measurements can be useful to monitor the development of nucleoside-related mitochondrial toxicity. Recently, we have developed an assay that can measure changes in mitochondrial DNA levels in peripheral blood cells. Using this assay we have characterized changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) relative to nuclear DNA (nDNA) in peripheral blood cells of patients with symptomatic nucleoside-induced hyperlactatemia. Our results demonstrate that symptomatic hyperlactatemia was associated with markedly low mtDNA/nDNA ratios, which were on average 69% lower than HIV-uninfected controls and 45% lower than HIV-infected asymptomatic/antiretroviral naive controls. A statistically significant (p = .016) increase in mtDNA/nDNA ratio was observed following discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. The mtDNA/nDNA ratio remained stable among selected patients who reintroduced antiretroviral therapy with stavudine (d4T)-sparing regimens. Of note, the decline in mtDNA preceded the increase in venous lactate levels. More recently we have evaluated changes in the mtDNA/nDNA ratio in relation to selected antiretroviral drug regimens in a cross-sectional study on a non-random sample of participants within the British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Program. Eligible patients had continuously received saquinavir plus ritonavir with either nevirapine (n = 20), lamivudine (n = 15), d4T (n = 53) or lamivudine + d4T (n = 69), for 4 to 30 months. d4T-sparing regimens were associated with a higher median mtDNA/nDNA ratio than d4T-containing regimens (p = .016), despite the fact that study patients had received d4T-containing regimens for a shorter median time than patients taking d4T-sparing regimens (13 versus 25 months, p = .002). In summary, mtDNA levels are significantly decreased among patients who develop symptomatic, nucleoside-related hyperlactatemia, an effect reversed upon therapy discontinuation. Furthermore, mtDNA/nDNA ratios were statistically significantly lower in patients taking d4T-containing regimens than in those taking selected d4T-sparing regimens in a population setting. These results suggest that measurement of this parameter should be investigated as a potential clinical management tool.
ChIP‐on‐chip analysis reveals angiopoietin 2 (Ang2, ANGPT2) as a novel target of steroidogenic factor‐1 (SF‐1, NR5A1) in the human adrenal gland (2010)

The nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1, NR5A1) is a key regulator of adrenal and gonadal biology. Disruption of SF-1 can lead to disorders of adrenal development, while increased SF-1 dosage has been associated with adrenocortical tumorigenesis. We aimed to identify a novel subset of SF-1 target genes in the adrenal by using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) microarrays (ChIP-on-chip) combined with systems analysis. SF-1 ChIP-on-chip was performed in NCI-H295R human adrenocortical cells using promoter tiling arrays, leading to the identification of 445 gene loci where SF-1-binding regions were located from 10 kb upstream to 3 kb downstream of a transcriptional start. Network analysis of genes identified as putative SF-1 targets revealed enrichment for angiogenic process networks. A 1.1-kb SF-1-binding region was identified in the angiopoietin 2 (Ang2, ANGPT2) promoter in a highly repetitive region, and SF-1-dependent activation was confirmed in luciferase assays. Angiogenesis is paramount in adrenal development and tumorigenesis, but until now a direct link between SF-1 and vascular remodeling has not been established. We have identified Ang2 as a potentially important novel target of SF-1 in the adrenal gland, indicating that regulation of angiogenesis might be an important additional mechanism by which SF-1 exerts its actions in the adrenal gland.
Precision dielectric measurements at 100 GHz band using an open resonator (1991)

Dielectric properties of fused silica, MgO, AlN and BN were measured using an open resonator at frequencies around 100 GHz. The resonator is of semiconfocal type and the frequency variation method is used. By making the parameter &#8710;&equals;1 for every sample and determining resonator length precisely, the standard deviation of measurements less than 0.1&percnt; in permittivity and about 10&percnt; loss tangent was achieved.
Effects of Tryptamine on the Acquisition of a One-Way Active Avoidance Task (1988)

It has been shown previously that tryptamine (T) administered to iproniazid treated rats interferes with avoidance behaviour maintained by electric shock (Vogel and Cohen, 1977). A large body of evidence shows that procedures which enhance central 5-HT activity induce deficits in a variety of avoidance conditioning tasks (Ogren, 1982a). For example, the 5-HT releaser p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) impairs the acquisition and retention of an unsignalled one-way active avoidance task (Ogren, 1982b). These effects appear to be mediated specifically by brain 5-HT mechanisms, and cannot be explained in terms of non-associative effects (Ogren, 1982b; Ogren and Johansson, 1985). Since some of the behavioural effects of T may involve an action on brain 5-HT mechanisms (Jones, 1982) the following experiments were designed to examine the effects of T on the acquisition of an unsignalled one-way active avoidance task, similar to that used by Ogren (1982b).
Updatable Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption Scheme With Traceability and Revocability (2019)

Ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) can offer fine-grained access control over encrypted data, which is suitable for complex commercial applications. However, since the same decryption privileges could be shared by multiple users in the one-to-many encryption mechanism, it is dangerous that a malicious user misuses his secret key but cannot be traced. In addition to further security, when the malicious user has been caught, it is required to revoke him from the system. To address these problems, we propose a novel updatable CP-ABE scheme supporting white-box traceability and traitor revocation. In the proposed scheme, a “fixed point” is embedded into the user's secret key to achieving the traceability and each user is assigned with a unique identifier for revocation. Moreover, the secret exponent used to encrypt a message is divided into two parts: one is assigned to access policy and the other to the revocation list. Therefore, only a part of the ciphertext components needs to be updated when the revocation list is changed, which greatly simplifies the process of ciphertext update. Compared to the previous works, our scheme is more efficient, and can achieve valid revocation and ciphertext update. In addition, the traceability of the proposed scheme is depended on the l-Strong Difffie-Hellman assumption, and the indistinguishability security under selective access policy and chosen-plaintext attacks in the standard model is reduced to the Decisional q-Bilinear Diffie-Hellman assumption. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the proposed scheme is efficient.
Decoupling context management and application logic: A new framework (2013)

Several frameworks have already been proposed to simplify the development of context-aware applications. These frameworks are focused on collecting and publishing contextual data, and on providing common semantics, definitions and representations of these data. This implies that applications share the same semantics, which limits the range of use cases where a framework can be used since that assumption induces a strong coupling between context management and application logic. This article proposes a framework that decouples context management from application business logic. The aim is to reduce the overhead for applications that run on resource-limited devices while still providing efficient mechanisms to support context-awareness and behavior adaptation. This framework implements an innovative approach that involves third parties in the process of context processing definition by structuring it in atomic functions, and describing it with an XML-based programming language. Its implementation and evaluation demonstrates the benefits, in terms of flexibility, of using trusted design patterns from software engineering for developing context-aware application.