gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contact-less Monitoring of the Major Blood Vessels Supplying Head and Brain (Carotid Arteries) (2009)

In this paper, the development of a system for measuring heart-rate and blood flow in the Carotid arteries is reported that require no physically connecting electrodes or other sensors to the body. The measurement system was implemented to simultaneously monitor the Carotid arteries and heart rate in order to get more valid information for detection and diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. The designed system is based on the Microwave Doppler radar concept with frequency of 2.4GHz and at the distance of up to 3 cm and is capable of detecting the vibrations of the Carotid arteries, without any contact with the person's body. The basic theory, a feasibility analysis and modeling, and preliminary measurement results of our basic Carotid arteries monitoring setup are presented. has the disadvantage of requiring physical contact with the patient as well as minimal presence of underlying bone that impedes transmission of the ultrasound beam. Recent developments in our laboratories indicate that microwave Doppler radar can be used to assess blood flow velocity in a wide range of blood vessels within the human body. An advantage of using microwave radar is the ability to choose the illuminating radar frequency depending on the application. Adjustment of frequency allows for measurements over a range of depths and for penetration of the skull for cerebrovascular measurements. The use of Doppler radar is similar to that of Doppler ultrasound but with the extra feature of vascular and neurovascular diseases diagnosis capability. Our initial experiments are very encouraging and suggest that blood flow dynamics measured by non-contact radar are comparable to and likely excel that obtained by ultrasound imaging. In this paper, the design of a system for measuring Carotid arteries blood flow is discussed that requires no physically connecting electrodes or other sensors to the body. The measurement system is implemented to simultaneously monitor the Carotid arteries blood flow and the heart rate in order to get more valid information for detection and diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. The designed apparatus is based on Doppler radar with a centre frequency of 2.45 GHz, and is capable of detecting the blood flow rate in the Carotid Arteries, without any contact with the person's body, at a distance of up to 3 cm. The structure of this paper is as follows. In Section 2, the developed Doppler radar system prototype is briefly introduced. In Section 3, a feasibility analysis is presented on the blood flow measurement of the Common Carotid artery in the neck and in the cerebral arteries under the skull using Doppler radar. This analysis is carried out by calculating the minimum required power to be propagated through a simplified linear model for typical body tissues involved in the measurement. Finally, Sections 4 and 5 are devoted to depiction of preliminary captured data, discussions, and conclusions.
Risk-informed safety requirement of Platform Screen Doors for Urban Rail Transit System in a mega city (2013)

Megacities across the world will continue to grow during the 21st century. Urban Rail Transit Systems (URTS) in such cities are subject to different hazards, which can lead to life safety risks. It motivates transport researchers to prepare for the growing risks, which megacities pose to its URTS. For instance, the higher the number of users of a URTS, the greater the life safety risks will be, provided that an accident occurs due to any reason. Platform Screen Doors (PSD) are increasingly utilised to minimise the life safety risks at the interfaces of over occupied trains and platforms in megacities. The planners and engineers try to identify the safety requirements a PSD system has to fulfil under specific operational, environmental and socio-economic conditions. In the railway industry, these safety requirements are considered with Safety Integrity Levels (SIL). The SIL requirements must be agreed by all stakeholders. This study proposes a generic framework to assess the life safety risks in URTS and how it can be applied to determine the SIL requirements for a safety technology. A case study is presented on the PSD system, which aims to minimise the life safety risks in URTS. A number of hazardous situations are identified. A preliminary cause and consequence analysis is carried out to scrutinise the most important hazardous situations leading to the life safety risks. Quantitative risk analysis of the most important hazardous situations is performed for specific operational conditions. The risks are then compared against “best practice” risk acceptance criteria and the SIL requirements are determined for the PSD system. The proposed framework can be useful for engineering systems where risk-informed safety requirements and associated SIL levels need to be determined.
Modified Neumann architecture with micro-OS for security (2007)

Modified Neumann architecture has shown promising in solving security problems. The architecture separates the network communication component from the other parts of computer system with a separate system bus. Data exchange between the two system buses can only be performed through the Bus Controller via a command issued by the computer operator. A secured micro-operating system is used to guarantee the integrity of communications. The micro-OS that runs on a microprocessor resides in the "red" zone. It uses a firmware image that automatically loads to the microprocessor memory during booting process. A watch-dog monitors the system and reset the system whenever a preset threshold is met. In addition, memory protection and virtualization techniques are used to enhance runtime security and prevent code injection.
Intratumoral Metabolic Heterogeneity of Cervical Cancer (2008)

Reprinted with permission from the Clin Cancer Res, Copyright © 2008 American Association for Cancer Research, Inc.
Linear array image analysis for automated detection of human papillomavirus (2009)

Persistent infections with carcinogenic human Papillomavirus (HPV) are a necessary cause for cervical cancer, which is the fifth most deadly cancer for women worldwide. Approximately 20 million Americans are currently infected with HPV but only a subset will develop cervical cancer. While a negative HPV test indicates a very low risk for cervical cancer, a positive test cannot discriminate between an innocuous transient infection and a prevalent cancer. Additional information such as HPV genotype and HPV viral load is thought to improve the predictive ability of which women will develop cervical cancer. The visual interpretation of hybridization-strip-based HPV genotyping results, however, is heterogeneous and poorly standardized. This has led to work toward the development of a robust automated image analysis package for HPV genotyping strips.
Endoskopische Behandlungsverfahren bei Erkrankungen der Speiseröhre (2003)

Häufigste Ursache von Blutungen der Speiseröhre sind Ösophagusvarizen bei portaler Hypertension infolge Leberzirrhose, Ulzerationen bei Refluxkrankheit speziell der fortgeschrittenen Stadien (z. B. Stadium III und IV, Savary-Miller) und Mallory-Weiss-Läsionen im Bereich der Z-Linie. Es folgen ursächlich gut- und bösartige Neubildungen sowie iatrogene Blutungen nach endoskopischen und chirurgischen Eingriffen. Die Endoskopische Therapie ist das Verfahren der Wahl. An Stelle der am häufigsten praktizierten Anwendungen einzelner Techniken kann auch eine Kombination zweier Verfahren sinnvoll sein.
In-Flow Peer Review (2014)

Peer-review is a valuable tool that helps both the reviewee, who receives feedback about his work, and the reviewer, who sees different potential solutions and improves her ability to critique work. In-flow peer-review (IFPR) is peer-review done while an assignment is in progress. Peer-review done during this time is likely to result in greater motivation for both reviewer and reviewee. This workinggroup report summarizes IFPR and discusses numerous dimensions of the process, each of which alleviates some problems while raising associated concerns.
Nonvisual presentation of graphical user interfaces (1994)

Users who are blind currently have limited access to graphical user interfaces based on MS Windows or X Windows. Past access strategies have used speech synthesizers and braille displays to present text-based interfaces. Providing access to graphical applications creates new human interface design challenges which must be addressed to build intuitive and efficient nonvisual interfaces. Two conmasting designs have been developed and implemented
Low-coherent backscattering spectroscopy for tissue characterization (2005)

Although the phenomenon of coherent backscattering (CBS) in nonbiological media has generated substantial research interest, observing CBS in biological tissue has been extremely difficult. Here we show that the combination of low-spatial-coherence, broadband illumination, and low-temporal-coherence, spectrally resolved detection significantly facilitates CBS observation in biological tissue and other random media with long-transport mean-free path lengths, which have been previously beyond the reach of conventional CBS investigations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that depth-selective, speckle-free, low-coherent backscattering spectroscopy has the potential to diagnose the earliest, previously undetectable, precancerous alterations in the colon by means of probing short light paths.
The Evolvement of North American Automobile Industry (2008)

分析北美自由贸易协议的演变,检验WT0多边贸易体制的影响,以加拿大汽车工业为例,为贸易规则试图对汽车工业的影响提供概述,对中国汽车工业的发展及其在多边贸易体制中的运作有一定的启发和借鉴.
Understanding Alveolar Mechanics (2013)

Vermont Lung CenterUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlington, VT *See also p. 1286. Supported, in part, by the National Institutes of Health (R01 grant for research).
The Design and Realization of an Instrument of Monitoring the Temperature and Moisture (2001)

The paper describes the method of sampling the relative humidity and the structure of an instrument of monitoring the temperature and moisture. With the software, it can finish multifunctions such as sampling the values of the temperature and relative humidity, outputting the controlling temperature and moisture signals, communicating with master computer and LCD display.
Comprehensive DDoS Attack Classification Using Machine Learning Algorithms (2022)

The fast development of Internet technologies ignited the growth of techniques for information security that protect data, networks, systems, and applications from various threats. There are many types of threats. The dedicated denial of service attack (DDoS) is one of the most serious and widespread attacks on Internet resources. This attack is intended to paralyze the victim's system and cause the service to fail. This work is devoted to the classification of DDoS attacks in the special network environment called Software-Defined Networking (SDN) using machine learning algorithms. The analyzed dataset included instances of two classes: benign and malicious. As the dataset contained twenty-two features, the feature selection techniques were required for dimensionality reduction. In these experiments, the Information gain, the Chi-square, and the F-test were applied to decrease the number of features to ten. The classes were also not completely balanced, so undersampling, oversampling, and synthetic minority oversampling (SMOTE) techniques were used to balance classes equally. The previous research works observed the classification of DDoS attacks applying various feature selection techniques and one or more machine learning algorithms. Still, they did not pay much attention to classifying the combinations of feature selection and balancing methods with different machine learning algorithms. This work is devoted to the classification of datasets with eight machine learning algorithms: naïve Bayes, logistic regression, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors, decision tree, random forest, XGBoost, and CatBoost. In the experimental results, the Information gain and F-test feature selection methods achieved better performance with all eight ML algorithms than with the Chi-square technique. Furthermore, the accuracy values of the oversampled and SMOTE datasets were higher than that of the undersampled and imbalanced datasets. Among machine learning algorithms, the accuracy of support vector machine, logistic regression, and naïve Bayes fluctuates between 0.59 and 0.75, while decision tree, random forest, XGBoost, and CatBoost allowed achieving values around 0.99 and 1.00 with all feature selection and class balancing techniques among all the algorithms.
Oestrogen and growth factor cross-talk and endocrine insensitivity and acquired resistance in breast cancer (2000)

Oestrogen and growth factor cross-talk and endocrine insensitivity and acquired resistance in breast cancer
Utility of Schwartz Center Rounds in fostering compassion, communication, teamwork, and caregiver support (2009)

e20640 Background: Schwartz Center Rounds are a multidisciplinary forum where clinicians discuss difficult emotional and social issues that arise in caring for patients with the goal of improving the patient-caregiver relationship. Rounds were initiated at the MGH Cancer Center in 1997 and have since grown to include 165 sites including 24 cancer centers nationwide. We report on a recent evaluation of the impact of Rounds. Methods: The Schwartz Center Rounds evaluation focused on three major research questions: 1) Do professional caregivers have increased insight into the non-clinical aspects of care after attendance at Rounds? 2) Is there increased teamwork among caregivers after attendance? 3) Do caregivers perceive increased support after attendance at Rounds? The evaluation included a retrospective survey of 256 caregivers at six sites where Rounds had existed for ≥ 3 years; 44 semi-structured interviews with participants at these sites; and pre/post surveys of 222 caregivers from ten hospitals newly implementing Rounds. Results: The highest percentage of attendees were nurses (35%), followed by physicians (23%), social workers (15%), psychologists (4%), physical therapists (6%) and clergy (5%). After attending Rounds, participants reported increased insight into psychosocial aspects of care; enhanced compassion; increased ability to respond to patients’ social and emotional issues; enhanced communication amongst caregivers; greater appreciation of colleagues’ roles and contributions. Attendees reported decreased feelings of stress and isolation and a greater sense of teamwork. Participants reported that Rounds discussions led to changes in institutional practices or policies. Conclusions: Schwartz Center Rounds provide a forum for discussion of challenging psychosocial and emotional issues arising during clinical care. Evaluation data suggests this educational strategy may enhance compassion, professional support, communication, teamwork, and instigate institutional changes that enhance patient care. We are currently exploring other outcomes, including but not limited to the impact of rounds on quality of patient care and patient safety. [Table: see text]
Graphical MPC for Fast Dynamic Systems (2008)

Software configuration and engineering costs have limited the application of model predictive control (MPC) for small but fast dynamic systems. This work illustrates the benefits of using a graphical programming framework for the configuration and implementation of MPC controllers. Graphical programming facilitates the understanding and configuration of advanced applications so that engineers in industry can be responsible for the installation and maintenance of advanced controllers. Costs reduction and minimal specialized labor opens the possibilities of applying MPC to small systems with fast dynamics. Fast MPC execution is achieved by including the optimization constraints as penalty terms in the cost function. An air-heater pilot system is successfully used to demonstrate the advantages of a graphical framework for process modeling, design, and real-time implementation of MPC controllers in systems with fast dynamics.
INDUCTION OF A CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE (CTL) RESPONSE TO PLASMID DNA DELIVERED VIA LIPODINE™ LIPOSOMES* (2002)

We have previously shown that liposome-mediated plasmid DNA immunisation may be a preferred alternative to the use of naked DNA. Lipodine DNA formulations consist of liposomes containing entrapped DNA plasmid by the dehydration-rehydration (DRV) method. Such liposome formulations are distinct from liposomes with externally complexed DNA in that the majority of the DNA is "internal" to the liposome structure and hence protected from DNAase degradation. Previous studies on the immune response induced by DNA vaccines entrapped in Lipodine have focused on the humoural response. In the present study, we have expanded the analysis profile in order to include the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) component of the immune response. We have analysed the immune response induced by DNA entrapped in Lipodine compared to that induced by DNA alone when delivered subcutaneously, a route of administration not normally inducing significant plasmid DNA mediated immune activation. Our results indicate that delivery of a small dose of plasmid DNA in Lipodine results in an improved antibody response to the plasmid encoded antigen and a strong antigen specific CTL response compared to that induced by DNA delivered alone.
Do Dolphins Rehearse Show-Stimuli When at Rest? Delayed Matching of Auditory Memory (2011)

The mechanisms underlying vocal mimicry in animals remain an open question. Delphinidae are able to copy sounds from their environment that are not produced by conspecifics. Usually, these mimicries occur associated with the context in which they were learned. No reports address the question of separation between auditory memory formation and spontaneous vocal copying although the sensory and motor phases of vocal learning are separated in a variety of songbirds. Here we show that captive bottlenose dolphins produce, during their nighttime resting periods, non-dolphin sounds that they heard during performance shows. Generally, in the middle of the night, these animals produced vocal copies of whale sounds that had been broadcast during daily public shows. As their life history was fully known, we know that these captive dolphins had never had the opportunity to hear whale sounds before then. Moreover, recordings made before the whale sounds started being broadcast revealed that they had never emitted such sounds before. This is to our knowledge the first evidence for a separation between formation of auditory memories and the process of learning to produce calls that match these memories in a marine mammal. One hypothesis is that dolphins may rehearse some special events heard during the daytime and that they then express vocally what could be conceived as a more global memory. These results open the way for broader views on how animals might rehearse life events while resting or maybe dreaming.
Preparation of radioactively labeled dehydroxymethyl-epoxyquinomicin, an NF-kappa B function inhibitor. (2003)

Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), a synthetic derivative of epoxyquinomicin C, is a potent and specific inhibitor of NF-kappa B in cultured cells. Tritium-labeled DHMEQ was synthesized with sodium borotritium. Specific radioactivity of the synthesized tritium-labeled DHMEQ was 15.45 mCi/mmol. This compound would be for the study of the mechanism of action and the stability of DHMEQ.
Greetings for publishing the special edition of the BIOPHILIA journal (2015)

I served as the first president at the time of Biophilia Rehabilitation Academy establishment, which had been called the 21st century rehabilitation study group till then. The assumption of the president greeting at the time of Academy establishment, I expressed “I expected much more research efforts of member in order to realize from “care and dependence to independence” and “elderly requiring nursing care generating to be a little less than 10% from 16% in 2025 assumed”. I am pleased with the situation and activity where the Academy is continuing the activity which turned its eyes not only to domestic but also to the world as the same in expectation. It was the center for me taking office as the president of this Academy that "I watch efforts of Prof. Takizawa and his associates to abolish bedridden and the result to be obtained by their efforts.” He was a youth lawmaker of Fujisawa expected much to attain greatness as a politician. He had been a person of great insight of the aged society and had had a broad outlook. Therefore He noticed the peculiarity of the result of kinetic training and the technique that nobody had noticed and the rationality that enabled it to methodize. He relinquished a city lawmaker position to successors and didn’t accept the candidacy request of the outgoing prefectural assembly chairman that had meant to be a lawmaker of the House of Representatives and dealt with the study.
Non-corrosive Green Lubricant With Dissolved Lignin in Ionic Liquids Behave as Ideal Lubricants for Steel-DLC Applications (2019)

Diamond-like carbon (DLC)–steel contacts become more and more popular in the industry now. Since the surface chemical properties of DLC are quite different from those of iron, traditional formulated lubricants have problems to form tribo-chemical films, which are effective to improve the tribological performance for steel-steel contacts, on the surface of DLC. Thus new lubricants formulation strategies are needed to be considered for steel-DLC applications. A kind of green lubricant (lignin-[Choline][L-Proline] (L-[CH][Pro])) without any traditional tribo-chemical active element, i.e., free of P, S, B, etc., was studied in this paper for the steel-DLC contact. To find the difference between this new ILs and the traditional lubricants, a commercially available fully formulated lubricant was used as a reference. An Optimol SRV-III oscillating friction and wear tester was used to evaluate the tribological performance. Three different kinds of commercially available DLC coatings (Tribobond 40(Cr + a-C:H:W), Tribobond 43((Cr+) a-C:H), and Tribobond 44(a-C:Cr)) were investigated. The results show that the ILs exhibit an obviously lower friction coefficient than that of the traditional commercially available fully formulated lubricant. Among those three DLC coatings, the (Cr+) a-C:H DLC coating exhibits the biggest improvement of wear resistance lubricated with the new ILs than that of the commercially available fully formulated lubricant. It’s expected that its excellent tribological properties are attributed to the affinity of the ILs to the metal surface and the strength of the ionic liquids interactions by hydrogen bonding. Thus, forming strong physical adsorption strategy, instead of forming chemical tribo-films, is recommended to enhance the lubricating performance of lubricants for DLC.
Swapping Colored Tokens on Graphs (2018)

We investigate the computational complexity of the following problem. We are given a graph in which each vertex has an initial and a target color. Each pair of adjacent vertices can swap their current colors. Our goal is to perform the minimum number of swaps so that the current and target colors agree at each vertex. When the colors are chosen from {1,2,...,c}, we call this problem c-Colored Token Swapping since the current color of a vertex can be seen as a colored token placed on the vertex. We show that c-Colored Token Swapping is NP-complete for c = 3 even if input graphs are restricted to connected planar bipartite graphs of maximum degree 3. We then show that 2-Colored Token Swapping can be solved in polynomial time for general graphs and in linear time for trees. Besides, we show that, the problem for complete graphs is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the number of colors, while it is known to be NP-complete when the number of colors is unbounded.