gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of growth factors regulating chondrocyte differentiation in the developing embryo. (2001)

Endochondral ossification is multistep process that is regulated by a complex network of signalling systems. Endochondral ossification is initiated with the condensation of chondrocytes into cartilage elements in which the chondrocytes subsequently progress through stages of proliferation and hypertrophic differentiation. Finally, terminally differentiated chondrocytes undergo apoptosis and are replaced by bone. As hypertrophic differentiation links chondrocyte proliferation with the ossification of the skeletal elements it seems to be one of the critical steps in this process (Fig. 5). Ihh and PTHrP are two signalling molecules that interact in a negative feedback loop regulating the pace of hypertrophic differentiation. In addition Ihh has recently been shown to independently regulate chondrocyte proliferation and the ossification process, thus coordinating three different steps of endochondral bone formation. Two other groups of signalling molecules have been found to interact with Ihh during endochondral ossification. BMP signalling seems to act downstream of Ihh. BMPs might serve as secondary signals downstream of Ihh mediating the Ihh signals to the periarticular perichondrium to induce PTHrP. Alternatively BMP signalling, induced by Ihh, might reciprocally act back on the prehypertrophic chondrocytes, thereby coordinating hypertrophic differentiation with the differentiation of the periosteum. The idea of an interaction of the two signalling systems is supported by the fact that not only BMPs but also their receptors and at least two of the BMP antagonist are expressed in regions that are thought to be targets of Ihh signalling. A third signalling pathway critical for proper bone development is signalling through the FGFR3, which seem to act upstream of both Ihh and BMP signalling. In summary, it becomes more and more obvious that the single steps of endochondral ossification are tightly coordinated. For example signals from the joint region of the cartilage elements play an important role in regulating both chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation and at least some of these signals seem to interact with signals from the hypertrophic region, linking hypertrophic differentiation and proliferation. In addition, signals from the perichondrium/periosteum are thought to interact with signals from the differentiating chondrocytes to coordinate the differentiation of the periosteum with hypertrophic differentiation. Although significant progress has been made during the last years in analysing the signals regulating endochondral ossification in the developing embryo, complete understanding of the control system will require further extensive studies.
Revealing fermionic quantum criticality from new Monte Carlo techniques (2019)

This review summarizes recent developments in the study of fermionic quantum criticality, focusing on new progress in numerical methodologies, especially quantum Monte Carlo methods, and insights that emerged from recently large-scale numerical simulations. Quantum critical phenomena in fermionic systems have attracted decades of extensive research efforts, partially lured by their exotic properties and potential technology applications, and partially awakened by the profound and universal fundamental principles that govern these quantum critical systems. Due to the complex and non-perturbative nature, these systems face the most difficult and challenging problems in the study of modern condensed matter physics, and many important fundamental problems remain open. Recently, new developments in model design and algorithm improvements enabled unbiased large-scale numerical solutions to be achieved in the close vicinity of these quantum critical points, which paves a new pathway towards achieving controlled conclusions through combined efforts of theoretical and numerical studies, as well as possible theoretical guidance for experiments in heavy-fermion compounds, Cu-based and Fe-based superconductors, ultra-cold fermionic atomic gas, twisted graphene layers, etc, where signatures of fermionic quantum criticality exist.
Photoemission study of the adsorption of nitric oxide on gallium arsenide (110) at low temperature (1990)

Photoelectron spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation has been used to study changes in the region of the valence band and Ga and As 3d core levels of GaAs (110) resulting from exposure to nitric oxide (NO) at substrate temperatures of 40–140 K. Up to about 60 K, NO physisorbs. Thermal and photochemical effects have been observed during annealing of the adsorbed layer or irradiation by the monochromatized synchrotron radiation beam. At about 70 K, a distinct molecular species forms along with adsorbed O. This species, which desorbs and/or dissociates above about 90 K, is identified as nitrous oxide (N2O ) on the basis of comparison with similar data for N2O condensed on GaAs. Pre-adsorbed O inhibits N2O formation, suggesting that the GaAs surface participates actively in the process. Above about 100 K, only O adsorption is observed, occurring by a mechanism different from that leading to O adsorption at lower temperature.
Weakly-calibrated stereo perception for rover navigation (2002)

Presents a vision system for autonomous navigation based on stereo perception without 3D reconstruction. This approach uses weakly calibrated stereo images, i.e. images for which only the epipolar geometry is known. The vision system first rectifies the images, matches selected points between the two images, and then computes the relative elevation of the points relative to a reference plane as well as the images of their projections on this plane. We have integrated this vision module into a complete navigation system. In this system, the relative elevation is used as a shape indicator in order to compute appropriate steering directions everytime a new stereo pair is processed. We have conducted initial experiments in unstructured, outdoor environments with an wheeled rover.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Leptin Concentrations Are Elevated in Newborn Infants of Diabetic Mothers (2001)

Our results confirm the relation between leptin concentrations and birth weight. They also suggest that leptin may be involved in the increased accumulation of adipose tissue characteristic of infants of diabetic mothers.
Do Regulations on Smoking Limit Cigarette Demand? An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan (2020)

Enacting Ordinance No LXXIV 2002, Pakistan has developed crucial anti-tobacco policies in the last two decades. We, therefore, examine in this paper effects of both price (cigarette taxation) and non-price (public regulations on cigarette smoking) anti-tobacco policies on cigarette demand. To accomplish this objective, we examine the short and long run dynamics of cigarette demand in Pakistan using auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimator covering the period 1981-2018 (annual observations). The study compares price elasticity estimated with and without regulations on cigarette smoking. The result obtained shows that when price increases by 10%, cigarette consumption decreases by 5% in the short run while it decreases by 6.9% in the long run. This finding confirms that cigarette demand model, in Pakistan, is in-elastic. More interestingly, the study finds that non-price regulations on smoking and cigarette demand have negative and statistically significant association. This finding confirms that non-price regulations influences the long-term dynamics of cigarette smoking in Pakistan. Furthermore, we obtain low price elasticity with non-price regulations and high price elasticity without non-price regulations while estimating cigarette demand equation. This empirical result is an evident of the fact that estimated cigarette price elasticity without incorporating non-price regulations into the demand model, are upward biased. The study therefore, concludes that smoking regulation policy based on overstated cigarette price elasticity would produce ambiguous outcomes. Hence, relying only on cigarette taxation (price policy) to regulate cigarette smoking would not produce desirable outcome. In addition, university education is positively and significantly associated with cigarette consumption. This finding show that our university education do not properly convey anti-smoking message to students. To reduce cigarette smoking, Pakistan will have to implement stronger, more comprehensive and better enforced non-price regulations along with taxes on cigarettes.
Digital Electronics Fundamentals for the User Flip-Flops and Basic Applications (1978)

In this third paper in a series on digital electronics for the user, the author continues his explanation of the solid-state switching and logic circuitry that is having increased application in both the broadcast and film industries. Here, the main topics covered are: cross-coupled inverters as a simple latch; the set-reset flip-flop; the D-type flip-flop; the J-K flip-flop; binary dividers and counters; up-down counters and digital-to-analog converters; registers; decoders; shift registers; and ring counters.
Safety and Effectiveness of a Bioabsorbable Steroid-Releasing Implant for the Paranasal Sinus Ostia (2017)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02266810.
Distribution of nickel and cobalt following dermal and systemic administration within vitro andin vivo studies (1996)

Contact dermatitis following skin contact with ionic metals occurs in about 15% of the human population, but systemic responses are not as common. It is generally believed that skin contact with metal ions leads to different biological processing compared with systemic contact. The purpose of the experiments presented here was to examine elimination of nickel and cobalt salts following skin application and following injection into the deep tissue of hamsters. In addition uptake of the metal by fibroblasts and by keratinocytes was examined in vitro. The data indicate that elimination of nickel and cobalt in the urine following systemic injection was rapid, as expected, but that elimination following skin application was delayed. Much of the metal was retained in the skin. Uptake of the metal by keratinocytes at low doses was greater than the uptake by the fibroblasts. At high doses the differences were not as great. Thus the conclusion is drawn that metal salts are retained in the skin for an extended period of time and could lead to prolonged antigen processing and consequent immune responses in the dermal tissue. Skin application leads to some systemic distribution but the systemic application did not lead to skin accumulation.
Power profiling and optimization for heterogeneous multi-core systems (2011)

Processing speed and energy efficiency are two of the most critical issues for computer systems. This paper presents a systematic approach for profiling the power and performance characteristics of application targeting heterogeneous multi-core computing platforms. Our approach enables rapid and automated design space exploration involving optimisation of workload distribution for systems with accelerators such as FPGAs and GPUs. We demonstrate that, with minor modification to the design, it is possible to estimate performance and power efficiency trade off to identify optimized workload distribution. Our approach shows that, for N-body computation, the fastest design which involves 2 CPU cores, 10 FPGA cores and 40960 GPU threads, is 2 times faster than a design with only FPGAs while achieving better overall energy efficiency.
Practical hardening of crash-tolerant systems (2012)

Many production systems make use of fault-tolerance techniques, such as replication, to prevent faults from disrupting the operation of the system. This is particularly important in large-scale systems where faults are frequent.
Process Parameter Optimization to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Arburg Plastic Freeformed Components (2019)

The Arburg Plastic Freeforming (APF) is an additive manufacturing process that allows three-dimensional, thermoplastic components to be produced in layer by layer. The components are generated by depositing fine, molten plastic droplets. One of the main advantages of the APF process is the open machine control. Thus, the process parameters can be adapted and optimized for the individual applications. The optimization is carried out on the basis of a variation of the process parameters using a statistical design of experiments. Relevant process parameters are the layer thickness, the form factor, the raster and delta angle as well as the overlap between the contour and the filling of a layer. In addition, the nozzle and build chamber temperatures are varied. Using this procedure, the effects of the influencing parameters on the mechanical properties and the interactions between the influencing parameters are analyzed and converted into mathematical models. On the basis of the results and the models, guidelines will be developed to assist the user of APF technology in the systematic process configuration for their own applications. The material used is ABS, one of the most frequently used amorphous thermoplastics in additive manufacturing. The mechanical properties are determined on the basis of tensile tests and the characteristic values tensile strength, elongation at break and Young's modulus. The results should show the performance of the APF technology in regard to the mechanical properties.
Small wind turbine augmentation: Numerical investigations of shrouded- and twin-rotor wind turbines (2020)

The outcomes of research in increased-efficiency wind energy converters – twin-rotor- and shrouded wind turbines – are presented. The results of URANS simulations for various configurations of single- and twin-rotor, bare and shrouded machines are evaluated. A Fully-resolved Rotor Model with a sliding mesh approach was implemented into ANSYS CFX. A good correlation with the experimental data was shown. The model was used in a general study of the flow nature in the rotor plane, notably velocity fields. The distribution of aerodynamic forces on the blades, which permitted the aerodynamic force (lift and drag) coefficients to be determined in a reverse-BET procedure and to see how the shrouding modifies blade tip losses, was also analysed.
Taxa de paro en España: unha análise en función das características demográficas do individuo (1995)

An increasing amount of geo-referenced mobile phone data enables the identification of behavioral patterns, habits and movements of people. With this data, we can extract the knowledge potentially useful for many applications including the one tackled in this study - understanding spatial variation of epidemics. We explored the datasets collected by a cell phone service provider and linked them to spatial HIV prevalence rates estimated from publicly available surveys. For that purpose, 224 features were extracted from mobility and connectivity traces and related to the level of HIV epidemic in 50 Ivory Coast departments. By means of regression models, we evaluated predictive ability of extracted features. Several models predicted HIV prevalence that are highly correlated (>0.7) with actual values. Through contribution analysis we identified key elements that correlate with the rate of infections and could serve as a proxy for epidemic monitoring. Our findings indicate that night connectivity and activity, spatial area covered by users and overall migrations are strongly linked to HIV. By visualizing the communication and mobility flows, we strived to explain the spatial structure of epidemics. We discovered that strong ties and hubs in communication and mobility align with HIV hot spots.
Application of an intelligent graphical interface to electronic patient records. (2001)

Physicians are under a lot of pressure to perform. The power of the computer can be used to reduce the cognitive stresses. The use of an intelligent graphical interface can tailor the information that is presented to the physician. The user can be assured that all the information is presented and that important facts are brought to the users attention. The screen displays can be made to be self organizing. This saves the user the effort of moving and resizing windows. The technology to do this has been developed and has been applied to a web browser interface. This paper describes the advantages of applying this technology to medical records databases.
Thermoelectric properties of Sn-doped p-type Cu3SbSe4: a compound with large effective mass and small band gap (2014)

Sn-doped Cu<sub>3</sub>SbSe<sub>4</sub> with enhanced <italic>zT</italic> possesses a large effective mass, small band gap and moderate deformation potential with a complex band structure.
Turnaround radius in ΛCDM and dark matter cosmologies. II. The role of dynamical friction (2020)

This paper is an extension of the paper by Del Popolo et al. [Phys. Rev. D 101, 083505 (2020)] to take account of the effect of dynamical friction. We show how dynamical friction changes the threshold of collapse ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{c}$ and the turnaround radius ${R}_{t}$. We numerically determine the relationship between the turnaround radius ${R}_{\mathrm{t}}$ and mass ${M}_{\mathrm{t}}$ in $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$, dark energy scenarios, and an $f(R)$ modified gravity model. Dynamical friction gives rise to a ${R}_{\mathrm{t}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{M}_{\mathrm{t}}$ relation differing from that of the standard spherical collapse. In particular, dynamical friction amplifies the effects of shear and vorticity already studied by Del Popolo et al. A comparison of the ${R}_{\mathrm{t}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{M}_{\mathrm{t}}$ relationships for $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$, dark energy, and modified gravity models shows that the ${R}_{\mathrm{t}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{M}_{\mathrm{t}}$ relationship of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ is similar to that of the dark energy models, and small differences are seen when comparing with the $f(R)$ models. The effects of shear, rotation, and dynamical friction are particularly evident at galactic scales, giving rise to a difference between the ${R}_{\mathrm{t}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{M}_{\mathrm{t}}$ relation of the standard spherical collapse of the order of $\ensuremath{\simeq}60%$. Finally, we show how the new values of the ${R}_{\mathrm{t}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{M}_{\mathrm{t}}$ relation influence the constraints on the $w$ parameter of the equation of state.
Nutritional Pharmacotherapy of Liver Cirrhosis for Prognosis and Improvement of Quality of Life (2002)

Patients with liver cirrhosis are in a state of protein and energy malnutrition (PEM), and this can lead to patients' poor prognosis and quality of life. Metabolic abnormalities such as hypermetabolism or decreased glucose level and increased fat oxidation, as measured by indirect calorimetry, might trigger and/or worsen PEM. Supplementation with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) improves hepatic encephalopathy and protein malnutrition (e.g., increasing the serum albumin level and improving the nitrogen balance), and subsequently improves patients' prognosis and quality of life. Late evening snack (LES) shortens the starvation period during the night in cirrhosis. Decreased respiratory quotient, suggesting patients' poor prognosis, was recovered to almost normal by LES. This might help to prevent the reduction of muscle volume and fat tissue, improving energy malnutrition in cirrhosis. Preservation of muscle volume is a critical issue for the patients whose muscle strength is weakened, which contributes to poor quality of life. In future studies, the mechanism of the clinical effects of BCAA and LES should be elucidated for the improvement of PEM in patients with cirrhosis.
An extended RBAC profile of XACML (2006)

Nowadays many organizations use security policies to control access to sensitive resources. Moreover, exchanging or sharing services and resources is essential for these organizations to achieve their business objectives. Since the eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) was standardized by the OASIS community, it has been widely deployed, making it easier to interoperate with other applications using the same standard language. The OASIS has defined an RBAC profile of XACML that illustrates how organizations that would like to use the RBAC model can express their access control policy within this standard language. This work analyzes the RBAC profile of XACML, showing its limitations to respond to all the requirements for access control. We then suggest adding some functionalities within an extended RBAC profile of XACML. This new profile is expected to respond to more advanced access control requirements such as user-user delegation, access elements abstractions and contextual applicability of the policies.
A BMO theorem for $ε$ distorted diffeomorphisms from $\mathbb R^D$ to $\mathbb R^D$ with applications to manifolds of speech and sound (2016)

This paper deals with a BMO Theorem for $ε$ distorted diffeomorphisms from $\mathbb R^D$ to $\mathbb R^D$ with applications to manifolds of speech and sound. The material for this paper appears in the research memoir [2].
Polytungstate-photosensitized formation of hydrogen from aqueous organic solutions (1988)

When acidic aqueous organic solutions of polytungstates are irradiated by light of wavelength lambda < 400 nm in the photocatalytic evolution of hydrogen takes place, which is accelerated in the presence of colloidal platinum. The dependence of the rate of photoreduction of polytungstates and the photo-induced formation of hydrogen on the reactant concentrations, the amount of Pt, the pH of the solution, temperature, etc., have been determined for aqueous ethanol solutions. Aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes, organic acids, etc., were used as the organic reactants. The photoreduction of the polytungstates was studied by spectrophotometry and by EPR and a conclusion is draw on the mechanism for the photo-induced formation of hydrogen.
The role of more than 40 years of improvement in protein A chromatography in the growth of the therapeutic antibody industry (2016)

Protein A chromatography has been used as the mAb capture step in the majority of FDA submissions. In this study, the performance of protein A chromatography, as indicated by capacity, operational flow rate, and productivity (rate of mAb production per liter of resin) was examined over its full history to gain insights into the reasons for its consistent use. Protein A productivity and capacity have increased 4.3 and 5.5% a year, respectively, since 1978. In contrast, protein A operational flow rate increased between 1978 and 2001 and then remained constant or declined as further improvements provided only marginal benefits. The productivity of protein A resin and also the mAb bioreactor titer (14% growth) rapidly improved starting in about 1990 to economically provide material for clinical trials. Technology improvement is typically driven by product sales. The sales of protein A resin, as indicated by sales of protein A ligand (21% growth), have closely paralleled the sales of mAbs (20% growth). Both increased rapidly in 2000 after the first major mAb therapeutics were approved and the markets were developed. It is likely that alternatives to protein A chromatography have not been implemented because of the order of magnitude improvement in protein A performance. Protein A membrane adsorbers and monoliths have higher productivity than packed columns due to their short bed heights and high operational flow rates. These devices are not currently practical for large-scale manufacturing but may represent a format for future improvements in protein A productivity. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1193-1202, 2016.