gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Dispensing for Emergency Response to Bioterrorism and Infectious-Disease Outbreak (2006)

We describe RealOpt © , a simulation and decision-support system for planning large-scale emergency dispensing clinics to respond to biological threats and infectious-disease outbreaks. The system allows public-health administrators to investigate clinic-design and staffing scenarios quickly. The system incorporates efficient optimization technology seamlessly interfaced with a simulation module. The simulation studies we present explore facility-layout and staffing scenarios for an actual anthrax-emergency drill, and we discuss post-event analysis. Using our staff allocation and assignments for the exercise, DeKalb County achieved the highest throughput among all counties that simultaneously conducted the same scale of anthrax drill at various locations. Its labor usage was at or below that of the other counties. The external evaluators commented that DeKalb produced the most efficient floor plan (with no path crossing), the most cost-effective dispensing (lowest labor and throughput value), and the smoothest operations (shortest average wait time, average queue length, and equalized utilization rate). The study proves that even without historical data, the use of our system enables emergency personnel to plan ahead and be able to estimate required labor resources accurately. The exercise also revealed many areas that need attention during the operations planning and design of dispensing centers. A real-time decision-support system is, therefore, viable through careful design of a stand-alone simulator, coupled with powerful and tailored optimization solvers. The system facilitates analysis of “what-if” scenarios, and serves as an invaluable tool for operational planning and dynamic, on-the-fly reconfigurations of large-scale emergency dispensing clinics. It also allows performing “virtual field exercises” on the decision-support system, offering insight into operations flow and bottlenecks when mass dispensing is required for a region with a large population. Working with emergency-response departments, we will perform additional tuning and development of the system to address different biological attacks and infectious-disease outbreaks, and to ensure its practicality and usability.
Heterogeneous expression of EPCAM in human circulating tumour cells from patient-derived xenografts (2018)

The identification and the relative quantification of the diverse spectrum of CTCs in patients, irrespective of EPCAM or other currently used markers, will have a great impact on personalized medicine: unrestricted CTCs characterization will allow the early detection of metastases in cancer patients and the assessment of personalized therapies.
The Dominant Role of CPP32 Subfamily in Fas-Mediated Hepatitis (1998)

Fas is a cell surface molecule that transduces the apoptotic death signaling on the stimulation of Fas ligand, and plays the dominant role in various disease states. The lethal effect of Fas antibody in mice has been reported, and this experimental procedure has been used as the model for hepatitis. Recently, the prevention of this Fas antibody-induced hepatitis by the broad caspase inhibitor (z-VAD.fmk) has been reported. In the present study, we additionally demonstrated that the CPP32 subfamily, rather than the ICE subfamily, plays the dominant role in the Fas antibody-induced hepatitis. Fas antibody-injection induced chromosomal DNA fragmentation and CPP32 subfamily-activation in both the liver and lung. Tissue damage observed in the lung was weak as compared with liver damage. When mice were exposed to DEVD-CHO (specific inhibitor of CPP32 subfamily), this lethal effect of Fas antibody, tissue destruction, and CPP32 subfamily-activation were prevented. In contrast, YVAD-CHO (specific inhibitor of ICE subfamily) could not prevent the lethal effect of Fas antibody. We propose here that the CPP32 subfamily plays the dominant role in Fas-mediated hepatitis, and DEVD-CHO would be an effective cure for hepatitis.
Nucleotide Sequence of a cDNA Clone for a 60S Ribosomal Protein L27 Gene from Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) (1994)

Eukaryotic ribosome assembly is a complex process involving the equimolar accumulation of four RNA molecules and more than 70 different ribosomal proteins. In mammalian
Association Between Peridural Scar and Recurrent Radicular Pain After Lumbar Discectomy: Magnetic Resonance Evaluation (1996)

THE PURPOSE OF this study was to investigate the presence of any correlation between recurrent radicular pain during the first six months following first surgery for herniated lumbar intervertebral disc and the amount of lumbar peridural fibrosis as defined by MR imaging. 197 patients who underwent first-time single-level unilateral discectomy for lumbar disc herniation were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, controlled multicenter clinical trial. Clinical assessments, performed by physicians blinded to patient treatment status, were conducted preoperatively and at one and six months postoperatively. The enhanced MR images of the operative site utilized in the analysis were obtained at six months postoperatively. Radicular pain was recorded by the patient using a validated visual analog pain scale in which 0 = no pain and 10 = excruciating pain. The data obtained at the 6 month time point were analyzed for an association between amount of peridural scar as measured by MR imaging and clinical failure as defined by the recurrence of radicular pain. The results showed that the probability of recurrent pain increases when scar score increases. Patients having extensive peridural scar were 3.2 times more likely to experience recurrent radicular pain than those patients with less extensive peridural scarring. In conclusion, this prospective, controlled, randomized, blinded, multicenter study has demonstrated that there is a significant association between the presence of extensive peridural scar and the occurrence of recurrent radicular pain.
Amyloid and presenilins in the pathobiology of Alzheimer’s disease (2001)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized pathologically by a massive deposition of amyloid β peptides (Aβ), which are proteolytically produced from β-amyloid precursor proteins (βAPP) through two sequential cleavages by β-secretase (recently identified as BACE) and γ-secretase. Two major forms of Aβ with distinct carboxyl (C) termini ending at the 40th and 42nd residues (Aβ40 and Aβ42, respectively) have been identified; these are differentially cleaved by γ-secretase(s) [1]. Aβ42 aggregates much faster than Aβ40 in vitro [2] and Aβ42 is the initially and predominantly deposited A-β species in the brains of patients with AD and Down’s syndrome [3,4]. Moreover, missense mutations in βAPP genes, a rare cause of familial AD (FAD), lead to increased production of Aβ42, strongly implicating Aβ42 in the pathogenesis of AD [1].
Antimicrobial Peptides: Mediators of Innate Immunity as Templates for the Development of Novel Anti-Infective and Immune Therapeutics (2004)

Antimicrobial molecules are ancient and essential small cationic molecules of the host defence system which are found in a wide variety of species. They display antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, fungi and viruses, an activity that has been mostly attributed to the disruption of microbial membranes. In this article, we will review the "classical" functions of 3 classes of antimicrobial molecules, namely defensins, cathelicidins, and the four-disulfide core proteins secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) and elafin. In addition to the study of their expression in a variety of cell types and the regulation of their production, we will also describe novel properties of these molecules that have been highlighted by recent studies. These include their ability to chemoattract a variety of inflammatory, immune and other cell types (neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, lymphocytes, mast cells, epithelial cells) in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we will discuss the potential use of these newly discovered properties for therapeutic or vaccination purposes, using protein- or gene-transfer based methodologies. Finally, we will examine in an extensive fashion the strategies used by microorganisms to circumvent and subvert host defence mechanisms, such as the modifications of cell membranes and walls, the secretion of inactivating proteins and proteases and the down-regulation of expression of antimicrobial molecules. Increased understanding of the mechanisms used by both the host and the microbes to 'win the battle' may ultimately lead to new therapeutic strategies aimed to treat infectious diseases.
Simplified AIP‐II Peptidomimetics Are Potent Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus AgrC Quorum Sensing Receptors (2016)

The bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus controls many aspects of virulence by using the accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum sensing (QS) system. The agr system is activated by a macrocyclic peptide signal known as an autoinducing peptide (AIP). We sought to develop structurally simplified mimetics of AIPs for use as chemical tools to study QS in S. aureus. Herein, we report new peptidomimetic AgrC receptor inhibitors based on a tail-truncated AIP-II peptide that have almost analogous inhibitory activities to the parent peptide. Structural comparison of one of these peptidomimetics to the parent peptide and a highly potent, all-peptide-derived, S. aureus agr inhibitor (AIP-III D4A) revealed a conserved hydrophobic motif and overall amphipathic nature. Our results suggest that the AIP scaffold is amenable to structural mimicry and minimization for the development of synthetic agr inhibitors.
Combination of RET siRNA and irinotecan inhibited the growth of medullary thyroid carcinoma TT cells and xenografts via apoptosis (2009)

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare endocrine tumor that frequently metastasizes, and treatment with irinotecan (CPT-11) is limited because of side effects. Mutations in the Rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene are considered the causative event of MTC. The objective of this study was to examine whether small interfering RNA (siRNA) and its combined treatment with CPT-11 could inhibit MTC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. The transfection of RET siRNA suppressed RET expression, reduced proliferation, and increased caspase-3/7 activity via the down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression. Combined treatments with CPT-11 or SN-38 significantly increased caspase 3/7 activity compared with RET siRNA, CPT-11 or SN-38 treatment alone. Importantly, intratumoral injection of RET siRNA along with intravenous injection of CPT-11 significantly inhibited the tumor growth of MTC xenografts via an increased apoptotic effect. These findings that RET siRNA enhanced sensitivity for CPT-11 will provide a novel strategy for the treatment of MTC with RET mutation.
The atopic paradox (2019)

Linked Article: Lagrelius et al. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:782–789.
High Throughput Experimental and Theoretical Predictive Screening of Materials − A Comparative Study of Search Strategies for New Fuel Cell Anode Catalysts (2003)

A comparative study of experimental and theoretical combinatorial and high-throughput screening methods for the development of novel materials is presented. Both methods were applied to the development of new anode fuel cell alloy catalysts with improved CO tolerance. Combinatorial experimental electrocatalysis was performed on a 64-element electrode array. Sputter-deposited ternary thin-film electrocatalysts of composition PtRuM (M = Co,Ni,W) were screened in parallel for their methanol oxidation activity, and their individual geometric and specific chronoamperometric current density were monitored and evaluated against standard PtRu catalysts. Density functional theory calculations of a variety of model ternary PtRuM alloy catalysts yielded detailed adsorption energies and activation barriers. Feeding these thermodynamic and kinetic data into a simple micro kinetic model for the CO electro oxidation reaction, the relative activities of a number of PtRuM ternary alloys were calculated. The experimental and theoretical computational results reveal very similar trends in electrocatalytic activity as a function of alloy composition; they also point at similar ternary PtRuM alloys as candidates for improved anode catalysts for low-temperature fuel cells.
Molecular and pathological characterization of the EZH2 rs3757441 single nucleotide polymorphism in colorectal cancer (2015)

The enhancer of zeste-homolog 2 (EZH2) is involved in cancer development through gene silencing by trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3). The C/C genotype for the EZH2 rs3757441 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is linked with poor prognosis in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), but molecular and pathological characterization of this SNP is lacking. 119 primary CRCs were analyzed. SNP was evaluated by real-time PCR from colonic healthy tissue, while EZH2 and H3K27me3 expression were studied by immunohistochemistry. We primarily looked for correlation between EZH2 rs3757441 genotypes and EZH2/H3K27me3 expression. Potential associations between EZH2/H3K27me3 expression and clinico-pathological features or KRAS exon 2 and BRAF exon 15 mutations were secondary endpoints. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square test, T-test or ANOVA. The C/C genotype was significantly associated with higher EZH2 (100 vs. 44 %; P = 0.019) and H3K27me3 (100 vs. 38 %; P = 0.009) staining intensity compared with C/T and T/T. EZH2 3+ staining significantly correlated with stronger H3K27me3 expression (P = 0.039). KRAS and BRAF mutations were not associated with EZH2 or H3K27me3 expression. EZH2 rs3757441 C/C genotype is associated with stronger EZH2 and H3K27me3 immunoreactivity in primary CRC: this SNP may serve as a promising biomarker for EZH2-targeting agents and may add independent information to KRAS and BRAF testing.
ULTRASONIC MASER AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED PHONON-PHOTON DOUBLE QUANTUM EMISSION IN MgO (1965)

First Page
Paracetamol toxicity: epidemiology, prevention and costs to the health-care system (2002)

Paracetamol has been used as an analgesic and antipyretic for many years, with toxicity first noted in the 1960s. Since then the incidence of poisoning has increased, and paracetamol is now the most common drug in self-poisoning, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The use, abuse and ways of reducing paracetamol toxicity are reviewed, but in view of the potential for harm, serious consideration should be given to changing the legal status of paracetamol, possibly to a prescription-only medicine.
Reservation-based Resource-Brokering for Grid Computing (2007)

In this paper we present the design and implementation of the Migol\nbrokering framework. Migol is a Grid middleware, which addresses\nthe fault-tolerance of long-running and compute-intensive applications.\nThe framework supports e. g. the automatic and transparent\nrecovery respectively the migration of applications. Another core feature\nof Migol is the discovery, selection, and allocation of resources\nusing advance reservation.\nGrid broker systems can significantly benefit from advance reservation.\nWith advance reservation brokers and users can obtain execution guarantees\nfrom local resource management systems (LRM) without requiring\ndetailed knowledge of current and future workloads or of the\nresource owner’s policies.\nMigol’s Advance Reservation Service (ARS) provides an adapter layer\nfor reservation capabilities of different LRMs, which is currently not\nprovided by existing Grid middleware platforms. Further, we propose\na shortest expected delay (SED) strategy for scheduling of advance\nreservations within the Job Broker Service. SED needs information\nabout the earliest start time of an application. This is currently not\nsupported by LRMs. We added this feature for PBSPro.\nMigol depends on Globus and its security infrastructure. Our performance\nexperiments show the substantial overhead of this serviceoriented\napproach.
A regression-based 3-D shoulder rhythm (2014)

In biomechanical modeling of the shoulder, it is important to know the orientation of each bone in the shoulder girdle when estimating the loads on each musculoskeletal element. However, because of the soft tissue overlying the bones, it is difficult to accurately derive the orientation of the clavicle and scapula using surface markers during dynamic movement. The purpose of this study is to develop two regression models which predict the orientation of the clavicle and the scapula. The first regression model uses humerus orientation and individual factors such as age, gender, and anthropometry data as the predictors. The second regression model includes only the humerus orientation as the predictor. Thirty-eight participants performed 118 static postures covering the volume of the right hand reach. The orientation of the thorax, clavicle, scapula and humerus were measured with a motion tracking system. Regression analysis was performed on the Euler angles decomposed from the orientation of each bone from 26 randomly selected participants. The regression models were then validated with the remaining 12 participants. The results indicate that for the first model, the r(2) of the predicted orientation of the clavicle and the scapula ranged between 0.31 and 0.65, and the RMSE obtained from the validation dataset ranged from 6.92° to 10.39°. For the second model, the r(2) ranged between 0.19 and 0.57, and the RMSE obtained from the validation dataset ranged from 6.62° and 11.13°. The derived regression-based shoulder rhythm could be useful in future biomechanical modeling of the shoulder.
Electronic Power Conversion (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Power-Electronic Converters and Converter Systems Applications of Electronic Converters in Power Systems Power-Electronic Switches Classification of Converters Voltage-Sourced Converter (VSC) Basic Configurations Scope of the Book
Extensive diet-induced atherosclerosis in scavenger receptor class B type 1-deficient mice is associated with substantial leukocytosis and elevated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in coronary artery endothelium (2023)

High levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Mice that lack genes involved in the clearance of LDL from the bloodstream, such as the LDL receptor and apolipoprotein E, are widely used models of experimental atherosclerosis. Conversely, mice that lack the HDL receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I, and therefore have disrupted HDL functionality, also develop diet-inducible atherosclerosis but are a seldom-used disease model. In this study, we compared atherosclerosis and associated phenotypes in scavenger receptor class B type I knockout mice with those of wild type, LDL receptor knockout, and apolipoprotein E knockout mice after 20 weeks of being fed an atherogenic diet containing sodium cholate. We found that while scavenger receptor class B type I knockout mice had substantially lower plasma cholesterol than LDL receptor and apolipoprotein E knockout mice, they developed atherosclerotic plaques with similar sizes and compositions in their aortic sinuses, and more extensive atherosclerosis in their descending aortas and coronary arteries. This was associated with elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in scavenger receptor class B type I knockout mice compared to wild type and LDL receptor knockout mice, and lymphocytosis, monocytosis, and elevated vascular cell adhesion molecule expression in coronary artery endothelial cells compared to the other mice examined. We conclude that extensive atherosclerosis in arteries that are not generally susceptible to atherosclerosis in scavenger receptor class B type I knockout mice is driven by factors in addition to hypercholesterolemia, including inflammation, dysregulation of the immune system and increased sensitivity of endothelial cells in arteries that are normally resistant to atherosclerosis. Scavenger receptor class B type I knockout mice fed a cholate containing atherogenic diet may prove to be a useful model to study mechanisms of atherosclerosis and evaluate treatments that rely on intact LDL clearance pathways.
Full-vectorial propagation model and modified effective mode area of four-wave mixing in straight waveguides (2017)

We derive from Maxwell's equations full-vectorial nonlinear propagation equations of four-wave mixing valid in straight semiconductor-on-insulator waveguides. Special attention is given to the resulting effective mode area, which takes a convenient form known from studies in photonic crystal fibers, but has not been introduced in the context of integrated waveguides. We show that the difference between our full-vectorial effective mode area and the scalar equivalent often referred to in the literature may lead to mistakes when evaluating the nonlinear refractive index and optimizing designs of new waveguides. We verify the results of our derivation by comparing it to experimental measurements in a silicon-on-insulator waveguide, taking tolerances on fabrication parameters into account.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF METHIONINE CARRYING A CHIRAL METHYL GROUP AND ITS USE IN DETERMINING THE STERIC COURSE OF THE ENZYMIC C‐METHYLATION OF INDOLEPYRUVATE DURING INDOLMYCIN BIOSYNTHESIS (1977)

Abstract Das durch Schmidt‐Reaktion des chiralen Acetats (I) erhältliche Amin (II) wird zur Verbindung (III) tosyliert, die bei der Umsetzung mit dem Homocysteinderivat (IV) unter Konfigurationsinversion das chiral methylierte Derivat (V) liefert (Gesamtausbeute ca. 10%).
ChemInform Abstract: Two Germanide Hydride Phases Grown in Calcium‐Rich Flux: Use of Interstitial Elements for Discovery of New Phases. (2011)

Abstract LiCa 7 Ge 3 H 3 (I) and LiCa 11 Ge 3 OH 4 (II) are prepared by the reaction of Ge and CaH 2 in a Ca/Li flux (1323 K, 2 h; 50% yield for (I) and 20% yield for (II)).
Detection of Amines with Fluorescent Nanotubes: Applications in the Assessment of Meat Spoilage (2015)

Highly fluorescent nanotubes assembled from designed asymmetric perylene diimide molecules (PDIs) exhibit high sensitivity (lowering the existing detection limit to ppb levels) and selectivity to amines in the vapor phase, which renders them capable of monitoring and assessing the deterioration of meat.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New C13 nor‐Isoprenoids from the Leaves of Casearia sylvestris. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In-line dielectric monitoring during extrusion of filled polymers (2002)

Real-time monitoring of the dielectric properties of polymer melts and filled polymer melts has been carried out during extrusion. The measurements are obtained using a dielectric cell that is placed directly in line with the extruder machine. The dielectric cell consists of interdigitating electrodes that are deposited on the inside of a ceramic ring that is electrically insulated and temperature controlled to the set point of extrusion. As the processed resin passes through the ring, its permittivity and conductivity are measured. The spatial sensitivity of the cell was determined experimentally and was biased to the resin flowing near the electrodes. Using the spatial sensitivity function, we examined the time profile of the transition from one composition to another during extrusion. We demonstrate the operation of the cell during the processing of polystyrene filled with aluminum oxide and calcium carbonate and of polyethylene-ethyl vinyl acetate copolymer filled with montmorillonite clay.