gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Managing heat phenomena in epoxy composites production via graphenic derivatives: synthesis, properties and industrial production simulation of graphene and graphene oxide containing composites (2016)

A commercial two-components epoxy resin formulation was successfully modified by adding graphene and related materials (GRMs) and the effect of these nanofillers was assessed on their thermomechanical properties as well as on the simulation of their industrial application for the production of thick composites objects with interesting results. GMRs were added in different concentrations in order to improve thermo-mechanical properties of the nano-composite thermoset. Different dispersion methods were taken into account in order to produce stable long-lasting dispersion of the GRMs, that can withstand a commercial shelf life. Addition of the GRMs improves the glass transition temperature of the nanocomposite up to 20 °C with respect to the plain commercial formulation, and both stress and elongation at break increase up to almost 4 times the original values. Moreover, the industrial curing of some of the more promising modified resins was computer-simulated when the two-components resins are used to produce a carbon-fibre reinforced thick composite beam. Simulation results show that some of the applied GRMs helps reducing or even completely preventing the overheat phenomena that are well renown to induce significant thermal stresses negatively affecting the final object performances. These interesting effects would contribute reducing the time required for a single industrial production cycle, since no time for overheat dispersion is required, thus helping increasing the production rate.
Tailored Nanoscale Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2005)

Two potential molecular imaging vectors are investigated for material properties and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast improvement. Monodisperse magnetite (Fe3O4) nanocrystals ranging in size from 7 to 22 nm are solvothermally synthesized by thermolysis of Fe(III) acetylacetonate (Fe(AcAc)3) both with and without the use of heptanoic acid (HA) as a capping ligand. For the resulting Fe3O4 nanocrystals, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry (SQUID) is used to identify the average particle size, monodispersity, crystal symmetry, and magnetic properties of the ensembles as a function of time. The characterization study indicates that the HA synthesis route at 3 hours produced nanoparticles with the greatest magnetic anisotropy (15.8 × 104 J/m3). The feasibility of Fe8 single molecule magnets (SMMs) as a potential MRI contrast agent is also examined. SQUID magnetization measurements are used to determine anisotropy and saturation of the potential agents. The effectiveness of the Fe3O4 nanocrystals and Fe8 as potential MRI molecular probes is evaluated by MRI contrast improvement using 1.5 mL phantoms dispersed in de-ionized water. Results indicate that the magnetically optimized Fe3O4 nanocrystals and Fe8 SMMs hold promise for use as contrast agents based on the reported MRI images and solution phase T1/T2 shortening.
Quantitative study of the spin Hall magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic insulator/normal metal hybrids (2013)

We experimentally investigate and quantitatively analyze the spin Hall magnetoresistance effect in ferromagnetic insulator/platinum and ferromagnetic insulator/nonferromagnetic metal/platinum hybrid structures. For the ferromagnetic insulator, we use either yttrium iron garnet, nickel ferrite, or magnetite and for the nonferromagnet, copper or gold. The spin Hall magnetoresistance effect is theoretically ascribed to the combined action of spin Hall and inverse spin Hall effect in the platinum metal top layer. It therefore should characteristically depend upon the orientation of the magnetization in the adjacent ferromagnet and prevail even if an additional, nonferromagnetic metal layer is inserted between Pt and the ferromagnet. Our experimental data corroborate these theoretical conjectures. Using the spin Hall magnetoresistance theory to analyze our data, we extract the spin Hall angle and the spin diffusion length in platinum. For a spin-mixing conductance of $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\Omega}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, we obtain a spin Hall angle of $0.11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$ and a spin diffusion length of $(1.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ for Pt in our thin-film samples.
Engaging Health Care Professionals in Personalized Medicine: A Pilot Study Comparing Two Professional Engagement Approaches (2015)

Given the emerging importance of personalized medicine (PM) in primary care, now should be the ideal time for engaging with health care professionals (HCPs), both physicians and nurses, about integrating PM into practice. The question then becomes: what is the most effective way to engage with HCPs about emerging technologies that are not in routine clinical use and which are unfamiliar to many? The overall aim of this pilot study was to develop and compare two professional engagement (PE) approaches for engaging with HCPs about PM to inform their development and design of a future formal evaluation. The first PE intervention was a structured in-person focus group and the second was an online version, also incorporating an educational component, but without group interaction. The pilot study showed that while participants evaluated both interventions positively, the in-person workshop consistently scored higher; however, recruitment challenges were a major obstacle for this approach.
Copyspace: Where to Write on Images? (2020)

The placement of text over an image is an important part of producing high-quality visual designs. Automating this work by determining appropriate position, orientation, and style for textual elements requires understanding the contents of the background image. We refer to the search for aesthetic parameters of text rendered over images as "copyspace detection", noting that this task is distinct from foreground-background separation. We have developed solutions using one and two stage object detection methodologies trained on an expertly labeled data. This workshop will examine such algorithms for copyspace detection and demonstrate their application in generative design models and pipelines such as Einstein Designer.
The International Federation for Information Processing IFIP (for short) (1999)

The industrial application of biocatalysis for the production of natural flavour compounds is illustrated by a discussion of the production of vanillin, gamma-decalactone, carboxylic acids, C6 aldehydes and alcohols ('green notes'), esters, and 2-phenylethanol. Modern techniques of molecular biology and process engineering, such as heterologous expression of genes, site-directed mutagenesis, whole-cell biocatalysis in biphasic systems, and cofactor regeneration for in vitro oxygenation, may result in more biocatalytic processes for the production of flavour compounds in the future.
Tissue accumulation of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) in adult and fetal sheep following exposure to sewage sludge-treated pastures. (2009)

National audience
B cells in autoimmunity: more than antibodies? (2005)

Comment on Dunussi-Joannopoulos et al, page [2235][1]

A mouse B-cell–depleting immunoconjugate described by Dunussi-Joannopoulos and colleagues elucidates the role of B cells and plasma cells in immunity/autoimmunity and the consequences of B-cell depletion therapy. 

There is rising evidence
Predictors of esophageal dilatation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2013)

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) has been considered as a cause of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but an exact relationship is unclear. Because the increased elastic recoil of fibrotic lungs can transmit negative intrathoracic pressures to the esophagus, we aimed to examine factors associated with esophageal dilatation in IPF patients. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional review at a private and public hospital. Subjects had a classic usual interstitial pneumonitis pattern on computed tomography (CT) scan, no serologic evidence of connective tissue disease, and no other associated causes of interstitial lung disease. We performed logistic regression on the presence of esophageal dilatation on CT using pulmonary function test (PFT) results within three months of the scan, as well as demographic factors. Results: The 30 subjects were predominantly male (73%), Hispanic (63%), and from a private hospital setting (73%). Mean PFT results for FEV1, forced vital capacity, and diffusion of carbon monoxide (DLCO) were 75, 64, and 39 percent of predicted, respectively. 14 patients (47%) had esophageal dilatation on CT. Factors associated with esophageal dilatation included male sex (odds ratio [OR] 7.93, p=0.07), lower DLCO (OR 2.18 per 10-percent decrease, p=0.06), and public hospital setting (OR 16.95, p=0.06). Discussion: Lower DLCO and male sex are associated with esophageal dilatation on CT scans of IPF patients, and patient-specific factors at a public hospital (race, socioeconomic status, education) might play a role as well. These risk factors might prompt clinicians to search for esophageal dilatation and resultant GER that might accelerate the progression of IPF.
NADH:ferredoxin reductase and NAD-reducing hydrogenase activities in Hydrogenobacter thermophilus strain TK-6 (1996)

NADH:ferredoxin reductase (EC 1.18.1.3) and NAD-reducing hydrogenase (EC 1.12.1.2) activities were detected in the cytoplasm of Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6. NADH:ferredoxin reductase activity was detected using metronidazole, an artificial electron acceptor, which reacts specifically with reduced ferredoxin. Soluble NAD-reducing hydrogenase activity was detected after extended preincubation. The lag disappeared when cell-free extract was incubated anaerobically for more than 30 min. The electron transport system of this chemolithoautotrophic bacterium is discussed.
Effect of Sinter Fracture and Ohmic Resistance on Capacity Retention in the Nickel Oxide Electrode (1991)

The lifetime of batteries which utilize the nickel oxide electrode is often limited because this electrode loses a significant portion of its capacity as it is cycled. We assert that this capacity loss may often be attributed to cracking or separation of the conductive nickel sinter in the electrode, which forces electronic current to pass through the poorly conducting hydrated oxide and thus imposes a significant ohmic resistance. Our model indicates that the oxide develops a nearly insulating layer which prevents complete discharge in the cycled electrode at usable rates. The capacity retention can be improved by reducing the cyclic stresses or strengthening the current collecting structure, redistributing it to provide a shorter current path through the solid phase, or by increasing the conductivity of the oxide to delay the formation of an insulating layer.
Combination of Imatinib with Cisplatin and Nutlin-3: Functional and Molecular Effects on Bcr-Abl Positive Cells. (2007)

Abstract Imatinib is highly effective in inducing remissions in chronic phase CML. However, complete eradication of the malignant clone by Imatinib monotherapy is rare. This prompted us to explore the efficacy of combination of Imatinib with the DNA damaging agent Cisplatin and with Nutlin-3, a compound which induces p53 accumulation by interfering with its binding to Mdm2. We used a Bcr-Abl positive cell line characterized by the loss of Imatinib sensitivity in the presence of optimal growth factor concentrations. Whereas combined treatment of Imatinib with either Cisplatin or Nutlin-3 in low and nontoxic doses induced ∼15–20% cell death, simultaneous treatment of all three compounds was highly effective (∼50% cell death) even in the presence of optimal growth conditions. Importantly, comparable effects were also seen in CFU assays performed with primary CD34 positive cells from 5 CML patients. To examine the molecular mechanisms of these effects we analyzed p53 dependent cellular response to Cisplatin in our cell line model in the presence or absence of Imatinib and/or Nutlin-3. The active Bcr-Abl kinase caused superinduction of p53 protein after DNA damage. We found both an upregulated p53 accumulation and enhanced p21 and Mdm2 RNA and protein levels upon Cisplatin treatment. This phenomenon could be reversed both by siRNA-mediated inhibition of Bcr-Abl expression and by Imatinib-induced inhibition of Bcr-Abl kinase activity: despite of optimal growth conditions inhibition of Bcr-Abl caused a significant reduction of p53 expression and activation. In the presence of Nutlin-3, p53 expression was significantly upregulated upon Cisplatin treatment both with and without Imatinib. However, Nutlin-3 was not capable to restore the Imatinib-induced blockade of the transcriptional activity of p53 on mdm2. The reduced p53 activation observed in Bcr-Abl positive cells treated with Imatinib was paralleled by a shift from cell cycle arrest to cell death both in the presence and absence of Nutlin selectively in Bcr-Abl positive cells rendering them hypersensitive to Cisplatin. In summary, combined treatment of Imatinib with low concentrations of a DNA damaging agent and a p53 activator is highly effective in vitro. Such combined treatment may prove to be clinically relevant for complete eradication of the malignant clone in CML, provided that conditions are found where it does not affect adversely normal hematopoietic cells in vivo.
Translating the nation: Phaswane Mpe and the fiction of post-apartheid (2005)

Abstract This paper attempts to read a much-celebrated "post-apartheid" novel, the late Phaswane Mpe's Welcome to our Hillbrow, against South Africa's complex and in many ways compromised multilingual language policy. It uses the history of that policy (loaded as it is with the dominance of English and the problems associated with standardizing the African languages) as a material expression of the fraught nature of a non-exclusionary South African-ness, and investigates the novel's engagement with that history. In particular, it focuses on the non-"national" spin of post-apartheid politics, asking if the novel's fictional formulations in this regard are adequate to the issues it takes on. Central to the novel's approach is its sustained use of the second person for its mode of address. The paper relates this to the way in which the autobiographical elements of the novel speak through and to post-apartheid concerns with identity, xenophobia, language, and AIDS.
Heat Exchanger Gaskets Radial Shear Testing (2008)

Due to the high incidence of leaks in Shell and Tube Heat Exchanges that are in thermal cycling service, there have been studies of the suitability of gasket styles for this kind of application. This paper researches several gasket styles in a test rig developed to simulate the radial shear caused by the differential thermal expansion of the flanges in a Heat Exchanger.
Clot Strength as Measured by Thrombelastography Correlates with Platelet Reactivity in Stroke Patients. (2015)

Clot strength on TEG(®) as measured by Delta, Angle, and G correlates with a clot with greater platelet reactivity.
The Best of Both Worlds: Mitigating Trade-offs Between Accuracy and User Burden in Capturing Mobile App Privacy Preferences (2020)

Abstract In today’s data-centric economy, data flows are increasingly diverse and complex. This is best exemplified by mobile apps, which are given access to an increasing number of sensitive APIs. Mobile operating systems have attempted to balance the introduction of sensitive APIs with a growing collection of permission settings, which users can grant or deny. The challenge is that the number of settings has become unmanageable. Yet research also shows that existing settings continue to fall short when it comes to accurately capturing people’s privacy preferences. An example is the inability to control mobile app permissions based on the purpose for which an app is requesting access to sensitive data. In short, while users are already overwhelmed, accurately capturing their privacy preferences would require the introduction of an even greater number of settings. A promising approach to mitigating this trade-off lies in using machine learning to generate setting recommendations or bundle some settings. This article is the first of its kind to offer a quantitative assessment of how machine learning can help mitigate this trade-off, focusing on mobile app permissions. Results suggest that it is indeed possible to more accurately capture people’s privacy preferences while also reducing user burden.
Fidelity of Uracil-initiated Base Excision DNA Repair inEscherichia coli Cell Extracts (2001)

The error frequency and mutational specificity associated with Escherichia coli uracil-initiated base excision repair were measured using an M13mp2 lacZalpha DNA-based reversion assay. Repair was detected in cell-free extracts utilizing a form I DNA substrate containing a site-specific uracil residue. The rate and extent of complete uracil-DNA repair were measured using uracil-DNA glycosylase (Ung)- or double-strand uracil-DNA glycosylase (Dug)-proficient and -deficient isogenic E. coli cells. In reactions utilizing E. coli NR8051 (ung(+) dug(+)), approximately 80% of the uracil-DNA was repaired, whereas about 20% repair was observed using NR8052 (ung(-) dug(+)) cells. The Ung-deficient reaction was insensitive to inhibition by the PBS2 uracil-DNA glycosylase inhibitor protein, implying the involvement of Dug activity. Under both conditions, repaired form I DNA accumulated in conjunction with limited DNA synthesis associated with a repair patch size of 1-20 nucleotides. Reactions conducted with E. coli BH156 (ung(-) dug(+)), BH157 (ung(+) dug(-)), and BH158 (ung(-) dug(-)) cells provided direct evidence for the involvement of Dug in uracil-DNA repair. The rate of repair was 5-fold greater in the Ung-proficient than in the Ung-deficient reactions, while repair was not detected in reactions deficient in both Ung and Dug. The base substitution reversion frequency associated with uracil-DNA repair was determined to be approximately 5.5 x 10(-)(4) with transversion mutations dominating the mutational spectrum. In the presence of Dug, inactivation of Ung resulted in up to a 7.3-fold increase in mutation frequency without a dramatic change in mutational specificity.
Fabrication and characterization of carbon-based flexible strain sensor (2017)

This research covers carbon-based strain sensors which are designed and printed onto flexible substrates. Conductive nanocomposite of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Carbon Black (CB) powder with 10% of CB have been used as the sensing element utilizing its flexibility and conductivity while silver conductive paste is used as the electrode for the strain sensor. Several designs with different length of strain sensors were printed using screen printing technology onto 0.75μm-Kapton HN film. Printed sensors were then cured at 85°C (for carbon printing) and 145°C (for silver printing). Parameters characterized are resistivity, conductivity and stretchability of the sensor using tensile test. The relationship between force, strain and resistance for all sensors designed are also discussed. The measured resistivity and conductivity of the sensor are 0.43 Ωm and 2.4 S/m respectively while the stretchability of the sensor on Kapton film has a maximum strain of 45%. This flexible strain sensor is very useful in many applications such as health monitoring systems, human motion detection and many more.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Rate of Occurrence and Distribution of Different Serotypes, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles, and Molecular Typing (2008)

In the current investigation, 167 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from a Northwest Ohio hospital were tested for phenotypic diversity using serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The genetic diversity of the selected strains was determined by DNA fingerprinting. The isolates were serotyped by slide agglutination. The susceptibility was measured by disk diffusion. To analyze genetic variability, 96 strains (serotypes O:1, O:2, O:6, and O:11) were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based single primer DNA fingerprinting. Of the 167 isolates, 25 strains were not typable, and serotypes O:8, O:12, O:13, and O:17 were not detected. Serotype O:11 was the most frequently encountered. Fifty strains were resistant to aztreonam, 35 strains to ciprofloxacin, 33 strains to gentamicin, 20 strains to tobramycin, 18 strains to ceftazidime, 14 strains to piperacillin, and 5 strains to amikacin. Multidrug resistance was high among serotypes O:15, O:4, O:2, and O:11. The majority of stains (≥80%) showed unique genotypes. Our data showed a high degree of phenotypic and genotypic diversity among these P. aeruginosa isolates.
A grid-connected PV power system with high step-up ZVT interleaved boost converter (2008)

A grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power system with the high step-up ZVT interleaved boost converter is presented in this paper. For a typical PV module, the output voltage is relatively low. So the high voltage gain is obligatory to realize the grid-connected function. The proposed PV system employs a ZVT interleaved boost converter with an active-clamp circuit as the first power processing stage, which can boost a low voltage of PV array up to the high DC bus. And a full bridge inverter with bidirectional power flow is used as the second power processing stage, which can stabilize the DC bus voltage and shape the output current. Two compensation units are added to perform in system control loops and low THD of the current is achieved. In addition a simple sensor-less MPPT method is applied in the PV system and represents a good performance. At last, a 1.5-kW prototype was built and tested to verify the theoretical analysis of the paper.
New CCL|MPL Architecture Reducing Interfacial Gaps and Enhancing PEM Fuel Cell Performance (2020)

Abstract We demonstrate an enhanced new architecture for fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), by deposition of the microporous layer (MPL) directly on the catalyst coated membrane (CCM), in order to reduce any gaps at the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) surface. A low bonding temperature Teflon was used to allow low temperature sintering of the CCM with the MPL. This modified structure enhances PEMFC performance by improving the electronic contact and minimizing water pooling at the CCL|MPL interface. The improvement in water management at the CCL|MPL is beneficial especially for thinner CCLs to fulfill the performance demand with low cathode catalyst loading MEAs (≤0.125 mg Pt cm −2 as targeted by the US Department of Energy).
Rapid Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Monolith for CO2 Capture (Adv. Mater. 7/2010) (2010)

The inside cover shows a background SEM image of hierarchical carbon monolith, a swirl of CO2 molecular models, and two split hemispheres representing the building unit of the carbon framework with abundant porous channels. An-Hui Lu and co-workers report on p. 853 a nitrogen-doped porous carbon monolith with hierarchical pore structures (macroporous and microporous), which show high performance for CO2 adsorption, making them excellent CO2 capture materials.