gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer Simulation Study of Multidetector Size-Exclusion Chromatography (1995)

A computer simulation of size-exclusion chromatography—viscometry—light scattering is described. Data for polymers with a Flory—Schulz molecular weight distribution (MWD) are simulated, and the features of the different detector signals are related to the molecular weight and polydispersity of the distribution. The results are compared with previously reported simulated results using a Wesslau MWD.
Binding patterns of homo-peptides on bare magnetic nanoparticles: insights into environmental dependence (2017)

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are intensively investigated for applications in nanomedicine, catalysis and biotechnology, where their interaction with peptides and proteins plays an important role. However, the characterisation of the interaction of individual amino acids with MNP remains challenging. Here, we classify the affinity of 20 amino acid homo-hexamers to unmodified iron oxide nanoparticles using peptide arrays in a variety of conditions as a basis to identify and rationally design selectively binding peptides. The choice of buffer system is shown to strongly influence the availability of peptide binding sites on the MNP surface. We find that under certain buffer conditions peptides of different charges can bind the MNP and that the relative strength of the interactions can be modulated by changing the buffer. We further present a model for the competition between the buffer and the MNP's electrostatically binding to the adsorption sites. Thereby, we demonstrate that the charge distribution on the surface can be used to correlate the binding of positively and negatively charged peptides to the MNP. This analysis enables us to engineer the binding of MNP on peptides and contribute to better understand the bio-nano interactions, a step towards the design of affinity tags for advanced biomaterials.
Stereocomplexes, based on biodegradable polymers and bioactive macromolecules (2001)

Stereocomplexation between two enantiomeric polymers such as D-PLA and L-PLA have been described in the literature. No reports up till now have been published on the complexation between two non-identical complementary polymers. Stereocomplexes between poly(lactide) enantiomers and a representative peptide, LHRH, was investigated. The complex was shown to be of physical character (NMR, IR, X-ray) without any irriversibility. DSC-scans show an additional signal related to the second (β-) and thermally less stable form of isotactic PLA. A linear correlation was found between the amount of peptide added to D-PLA and the measured enthalpies. An overall decrease in crystallinity was noticed. Less than 5% of the total amount of peptide was found free in solution after complexation with PLA. A controlled release of peptide was measured for about 3 months in-vitro. In-vivo similar results were obtained as earlier reported for a commercial available controlled release device containing LHRH.
Logic optimization by output phase assignment in dynamic logic synthesis (1996)

Domino logic is one of the most popular dynamic circuit configurations for implementing high-performance logic designs. Since domino logic is inherently noninverting, it presents a fundamental constraint of implementing logic functions without any intermediate inversions. Removal of intermediate inverters requires logic duplication for generating both the negative and positive signal phases, which results in significant area overhead. This area overhead can be substantially reduced by selecting an optimal output phase assignment, which results in a minimum logic duplication penalty for obtaining inverter-free logic. In this paper, we present this previously unaddressed problem of output phase assignment for minimum area duplication in dynamic logic synthesis. We give both optimal and heuristic algorithms for minimizing logic duplication.
Power control applications on a superconducting LVDC mesh (1991)

The behavior of a high-current, low-voltage DC system is studied. The DC system is made up of superconducting cables connected in a meshed configuration. The system could be made up of several large rectifiers feeding hundreds of small inverters connected to points in one or more AC systems. A unique aspect of this superconducting configuration is power transmission, at the optimal generator voltage level. This voltage level is also close to the subtransmission system voltage, eliminating the need for high-voltage insulation and transformers. A reduced system with one rectifier feeding three inverters is studied. The ability to control the output power from the inverters, both locally and globally, is demonstrated. Power control on the circuit with the addition of a superconducting magnetic energy storage coil is also studied. The large inductance of the coil changes the dynamic response of the system and requires a modification of the control system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Antiproliferative Effect of Interleukin-4 in B Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (1991)

Recombinant interleukin-4 (IL-4) profoundly inhibits the proliferative response of chronic lymphocytic leukemic B cells (B-CLLs) to recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2). In the present study, we confirmed and extended these data by showing that IL-4 strongly suppresses the [3H]thymidine incorporation by B-CLLs stimulated by recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha, recombinant interferon alpha, IL-2, and low molecular weight B cell growth factor in the absence of costimulant. Recombinant interleukin-4 inhibits spontaneous DNA synthesis suggesting that it also interferes with the autocrine proliferation of these cells. Kinetic studies indicate that IL-4 suppresses rather than shifts the peak of cytokine-induced DNA synthesis. Moreover, IL-4 blocks the progression of B-CLLs in or into G1 stage of the cell cycle as shown by the inhibition of cytokine-induced [3H]uridine incorporation. Finally, IL-4 pretreatment of B-CLLs prevents their subsequent proliferative response to the above cytokines, indicating that IL-4 confers to the B-CLLs a state of resistance to numerous stimulatory cytokines. The antiproliferative effects of IL-4 suggest that this lymphokine may have important therapeutic implications for the B-CLL patients.
Flower Extracts and Their Essential Oils as Potential Antimicrobial Agents for Food Uses and Pharmaceutical Applications (2011)

Abstract: Plants with potential therapeutic value have been used from time immemorial to cure various ailments and infectious diseases. Secondary metabolites or the bioactive compounds (phytochemicals) present in plants have been reported to be accountable for various observed biological activities. Consumer awareness of the possible side effects of using chemical‐based antimicrobial agents has forced researchers to identify and explore natural plant‐based antimicrobial agents (or preservatives) that are toxicologically safe, especially when used in food applications. Of late, scientific evidence has been provided on the potential antimicrobial activities exhibited by certain traditionally used flower extracts or their essential oils (edible and wild). This review focuses on providing and updating available information on the antimicrobial activities exhibited by flowers, which are envisaged to find potential applications as natural preservatives for foods or applications in the pharmaceutical industries to develop new and economical herbal‐based products for treating various diseases.
Structural studies of thymidine kinases from Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus provide insights into quaternary structure and conformational changes upon substrate binding (2006)

Thymidine kinase (TK) is the key enzyme in salvaging thymidine to produce thymidine monophosphate. Owing to its ability to phosphorylate nucleoside analogue prodrugs, TK has gained attention as a rate-limiting drug activator. We describe the structures of two bacterial TKs, one from the pathogen Bacillus anthracis in complex with the substrate dT, and the second from the food-poison-associated Bacillus cereus in complex with the feedback inhibitor dTTP. Interestingly, in contrast with previous structures of TK in complex with dTTP, in this study dTTP occupies the phosphate donor site and not the phosphate acceptor site. This results in several conformational changes compared with TK structures described previously. One of the differences is the way tetramers are formed. Unlike B. anthracis TK, B. cereus TK shows a loose tetramer. Moreover, the lasso-domain is in open conformation in B. cereus TK without any substrate in the active site, whereas in B. anthracis TK the loop conformation is closed and thymidine occupies the active site. Another conformational difference lies within a region of 20 residues that we refer to as phosphate-binding beta-hairpin. The phosphate-binding beta-hairpin seems to be a flexible region of the enzyme which becomes ordered upon formation of hydrogen bonds to the alpha-phosphate of the phosphate donor, dTTP. In addition to descriptions of the different conformations that TK may adopt during the course of reaction, the oligomeric state of the enzyme is investigated.
Finite element analysis and computer-aided optimal design of the magnetic field of fluxgate magnetometers (2003)

The authors have developed a novel procedure for the optimum design of the magnetic field of a fluxgate magnetometer. The procedure uses the finite element method for the analysis of the magnetic field in various driving current conditions. This includes the analysis of the combined effect of the earth's magnetic field and other time-varying magnetic fields, the digitizing of the nonlinear conditional variation equation for ease of digital computation, and the fast Fourier transform for calculating output signals. The procedure also features computer-aided optimum design software for the magnetic field. The system has been implemented with a single-chip microcomputer which can determine the optimal driving current for the magnetometer online in real time. Experimental results show that that the procedure is significantly better than traditional ones.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
HTML for fun and profit (1969)

This bestselling guide to writing HTML pages for the World Wide Web now includes NetScape extensions and Windows server. Written in a step-by-step tutorial style, it presents all the information needed by an aspiring web page author--from setting up a server to creating HTML documents with hypertext links to designing tables and using CGI scripting.
Epitaxial growth of bcc transition metal films and superlattices onto MgO (111), (011) and (001) substrates (1994)

We demonstrate epitaxial growth of the bcc transition metals Nb, Mo, Fe, and Cr via sputtering onto single crystal MgO substrates. The epitaxial growth orientations are (011), (112) and (001) when grown onto MgO (111), (011) and (001), respectively. Further we demonstrate that under appropriate growth conditions, superlattices of these materials (e.g., Fe/Cr, Fe/V and Mo/V) can be grown with the same epitaxial order as the films.
Destage algorithms for disk arrays with non-volatile caches (1995)

In a disk array with a nonvolatile write cache, destages from the cache to the disk are performed in the background asynchronously while read requests from the host system are serviced in the foreground. In this paper, we study a number of algorithms for scheduling destages in a RAID-5 system. We introduce a new scheduling algorithm, called linear threshold scheduling, that adaptively varies the rate of destages to disks based on the instantaneous occupancy of the write cache. The performance of the algorithm is compared with that of a number of alternative scheduling approaches such as least-cost scheduling and high/low mark. The algorithms are evaluated in terms of their effectiveness in making destages transparent to the servicing of read requests from the host, disk utilization, and their ability to tolerate bursts in the workload without causing an overflow of the write cache. Our results show that linear threshold scheduling provides the best read performance of all the algorithms compared, while still maintaining a high degree of burst tolerance. An approximate implementation of the linear-threshold scheduling algorithm is also described. The approximate algorithm can be implemented with much lower overhead, yet its performance is virtually identical to that of the ideal algorithm.
LSC Abstract – Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms located in miRNA binding sites with lung function (2016)

<b>Introduction:</b> Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that seem to be involved in human disease risk. However, only a few of these variants appear to have a causal role. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to partially complementary sequences on target mRNA transcripts. SNPs that are located in these miRNA binding sites might alter miRNA regulation. <b>Aims:</b> The objective of our study was to identify SNPs in miRNA binding sites that are associated with lung function. <b>Methods:</b> Data on the association between SNPs in miRNA binding sites and FEV<sub>1</sub>, FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC or FVC were obtained from the GWAS studies of Soler Artigas <i>et al</i><sup>1</sup> and of Loth <i>et al</i><sup>2</sup>. We examined the correlation of the miRNA binding site-SNPs with the expression of their host genes in blood using cis-eQTL data (n=8086). <b>Results:</b> 24.500 SNPs were located in the predicted binding site of miRNAs. The SNPs significantly associated with lung function parameters are listed in table 1. Table 1 <b>Conclusions:</b> In this study we identified multiple SNPs in miRNA binding sites that are associated with lung function and are likely to affect miRNA-mediated regulation. Interestingly, some of these SNPs also seem to have an effect on the expression of their host genes, suggesting a functional role. 1. Artigas M.S. <i>et al.</i> Nat Genet 2012; 43(11):1082-1090. 2. Loth D.W. <i>et al.</i> Nat Genet 2014;46(7):669-77. This abstract has been presented previously at the European Respiratory Society9s Lung Science Conference in March 2016.
Doppler Lidar Observations in Thunderstorm Environments (1985)

On 30 June 1981, the wind fields around a variety of convective clouds, ranging from large thunderstorm complexes to isolated cumulus congestus, were observed in some detail using an airborne Doppler lidar operated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and a reasonably clear picture of the main features of the flow fields near several clouds have been obtained.
Condition-Specific Competition Governs the Geographic Distribution and Diversity of Ectoparasites (2011)

Understanding how environmental parameters interact to govern species distributions is a shared goal of ecology and biogeography. Biotic and abiotic conditions can change distributions by affecting the nature of interspecific interactions. Although documented in free-living systems, this context dependency has been neglected in parasite interactions. We investigated the influence of condition-specific competition on the specificity of two species of feather lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) that share a host, the mourning dove (Zenaida macroura). We show that relative humidity restricts the range of one species, Columbicola macrourae3 (i.e., the C. macrourae lineage found on mourning doves), to the more humid eastern United States. The second species, Columbicola baculoides, an arid-adapted species, is restricted to drier regions of the western United States by C. macrourae3, which outcompetes it in experiments. Thus, arid conditions in the West provide C. baculoides with a climatic refuge from the competitively superior C. macrourae3, effectively doubling parasite diversity on one host species. These results support the hypothesis that abiotic factors can determine species distributions on the stressful end of an environmental gradient while interspecific competition governs distributions at the benign end. The balance between these factors is subject to change as environmental conditions change, even if the host distribution remains unaffected.
Cyclodextrin-induced Color Changes in Polymerized Diacetylene Langmuir-Schaefer Films (2003)

Abstract We have observed the first example of a cyclodextrin-induced color change of polymerized diacetylene film sensor. The PDA film, prepared from a diacetylene monomer containing a terminal anilide moiety was found to preferentially interact with α-cyclodextrin causing a color transition which is both time and concentration dependent.
The input-output transfer function of brain circuits (2019)

We aim to understand how the brain works. Specifically, we aim to answer how different brain circuits, learn, memorise or process information that result to changes in behaviour or muscle action. To answer this question, we isolate single neurons from a rat brain and study how different inputs of a single neuron translate to an output. To study the neuron's input-output transfer function, we have custom-built a unique two-photon laser microscope, which makes use of a holographic projector that transforms the incident laser into multiple foci at the sample volume. The hologram is programmable so we can position the different foci anywhere around the neuron in 3D. Each focus can be used to trigger an input or record an output. This means we can stimulate and probe the activity from multiple locations within the neuron’s dendritic tree using light. For triggering inputs, a focal stimulation represents a synaptic input. For recording, a laser focus excites a fluorescence marker that changes in fluorescence whenever the neuron is active. Using this technique, we have now identified a novel function of a specific set of dendrites that can have a significant role in learning and memory. The set of dendrites we are probing are currently unexplored due to their very thin morphology. We were able to see observe unique properties that allow these dendrites to be more receptive to inputs whenever the neuron fires an output. Hence, they have a functional role in the brain's capacity to learn and memorise. Understanding the different roles of the dendrites could provide us with a better understanding of how these neurons function as tiny computers in the brain.
Spin Correlated-Plasmons at Room Temperature Driven by Electronic Correlations in Lead-Free 2D Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites (2020)

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have emerged to the forefront of optoelectronic material advancements for the past few years. However, our understanding on electronic structure and correlations are still lacking. Herewith, by simultaneously analyzing complex dielectric function, loss functions, and reflectivity directly obtained from spectroscopic ellipsometry and supported with theoretical calculations, we report new spin correlated-plasmons with low loss in (MA)2CuCl4. Photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements show a broadband emission band originating from the self-trapped emission excitons. Through X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant photoemission spectroscopy measurements at the C K-edge, a resonance enhancement peak is observed and unravels a charge transfer event due to the opening of an extra autoionization channel. Our result shows the importance of coupling between spin correlated-plasmons and electron–hole pairs together with spin-dependent exchange interaction in determining electronic structure and optical properties of HOIPS.
Strength Criteria for Designing Hybrid-Fiber Reinforced Plastic Gears (2008)

In this study, we investigated the bending fracture characteristic of FRP gears as an important design criterion. Gears made from four kinds of laminated materials were tested: cotton reinforced phenolic resin, cotton-carbon (30%:70%), cotton-aramid (70%:30%, 40:60%), aramid, and glass fiber cloth. Cotton-cloth and cotton-aramid cloth are called hybrid-fiber cloth in this paper. Gears were reinforced by setting the fiber cloth in radial and circumferential directions and were manufactured by hobbing. This results in the same bending fracture strength for all the gear teeth. First, we investigated the tensile strength of the laminated materials because this is a fundamental design criterion for metallic gears. Second, we estimated the bending fracture strength of each gear’s teeth because this is a fundamental evaluation index in the design of gears. Theoretically, the bending fracture strength of a gear is in proportion to the tensile strength of the materials from which it is made. However, in our experiments, we found this was not the case. To discover the cause, we looked at the fracture position on each gear tooth. That of the cotton-carbon gear was more towards the tip of the tooth than the in other gears, and that of the glass fiber gear occurred on the compressive pressure side of the tooth root. We then investigated the shearing strength and compressive strength of the materials because these may have influenced the position of the fracture points. The shearing strength of the cotton-carbon laminated material was low compared with its tensile strength, as was the compressive strength of the glass fiber laminated material. We found that if the shearing strength is low compared with the tensile strength, the position of the fracture that occurs is towards the tip of the gear tooth. If the compressive strength is low compared with the tensile strength, a fracture on the compressive side occurs. Our results show that it is necessary to consider the tensile, compressive, and shearing strength of FRP materials when designing gears made from FRP.
Seamless Hardware-Software Integration in Reconfigurable Computing Systems (2005)

Ideally, reconfigurable-system programmers and designers should code algorithms and write hardware accelerators independently of the underlying platform. To realize this scenario, the authors propose a portable, hardware-agnostic programming paradigm, which delegates platform-specific tasks to a system-level virtualization layer. This layer supports a chosen programming model and hides platform details from users much as general-purpose computers do. We introduce multithreaded programming model for reconfigurable computing based on a unified virtual-memory image for both software and hardware application parts. We also address the challenge of achieving seamless hardware-software interfacing and portability with minimal performance penalties.