gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
25.4: An Address‐Voltage‐Modulation Drive for High‐Luminous‐Efficiency ac‐PDPs (2002)

Abstract The developed address‐vlotage‐modulation drive generates pre‐discharge in an ac‐PDP (plasma display panel) by applying a rising address‐pulse voltage during the sustain‐pulse‐open period. This pre‐discharge increases the panel luminous efficiency by approximately 30%. This increase in luminous efficiency is a result of decreases in effective discharge voltage and electron temperature.
Hyperbolic rotation of subspaces and VLSI algorithms for signal processing and numerical linear algebra (2002)

Starting from the viewpoint of linear physical systems, a brief study is presented of energy-conserving or J-orthogonal transformations in a space with an indefinite metric under the special aspect of their VLSI realization. A mesh-connected array of n/sup 2/ processor cells, each performing a plane hyperbolic rotation, is shown to be the most natural of n-dimensional subspaces. Isometric linear fractional maps of contractive matrices to the zero matrix and hyperbolic Cholesky factorization are presented as the most interesting applications in generalized Schur methods, digital signal processing, and numerical linear algebra. Using the Cholesky factorization as an example, a square-root- and division-free computation scheme for hyperbolic rotations that is highly suited for VLSI implementation is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Oral Immunization for Anti-snake Venom Production in Equine Animals (2019)

The immunization process of current commercial manufacturing of anti-snake venom (ASV), uses injections of bentonite, complete Freund’s adjuvant, or incomplete Freund’s adjuvant, mixed with low doses of the snake venom in horses (but rarely in other large mammals), which frequently cause serious adverse effects in host animals. At the site of injection, horses may develop painful swelling, granuloma, abscess, scar, or systemic neurological and hematological defects, low antibody response, or death due to anaphylactic shock.We sought to investigate a novel alternate immunization strategy with oral administration of snake venom with adjuvants. We utilized M5904 mineral oil emulsion as an adjuvant that was mixed with sub-lethal doses (LD) of the snake venoms. Our preliminary experiments were initiated in March 2011 and the present data culminated in March 2018. In our initial experiments which were carried out in inbred mice, the LD100 was 10.36 ug/25 grams of mice for Naja. oxins and 10.0 ug/25 gram of Naja. karachians. We extrapolated the sub-LD dose to horses by cutting the LD100 in mice to 20%. This dose did not cause any apparent pathology in horses and therefore, we adopted that dose for the equine.
The antibody titers were measured in vitro by quantitative ELISA and in vivo by neutralization assay in mice. This method resulted in the development of high titer neutralization by the ASV antibodies, without any significant side effects in equine experimental models, against venoms of two cobra species namely Naja oxiana and Naja karachians. The results showed that three oral dosage schedules produced highly significant (P<0.001) neutralizing antibodies with persistent yield of immunoglobulin for 6-months of observation. This novel technique of oral administration of snake venoms will be useful for commercial ASV production of potent antibodies at a significantly reduced cost and without any significant adverse effects on equine health.
Basella rugose mosaic virus, a new potyvirus infecting Basella rubra (2006)

Basella rubra and B. alba (Malabar spinach) are plants of the family Basellaceae, native to tropical Asia. They were introduced into Taiwan during the 1660s and are grown as vegetables and herbs. In 2001, mosaic and rugose symptoms were observed on leaves of B. rubra in the Taipei area. Extracts from these plants caused chlorotic lesions on inoculated leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa; the latter became systemically infected. A virus isolate, BR, was obtained after three successive single lesion isolations from C. amaranticolor. Following mechanical inoculation, seedlings of B. rubra and B. alba produced symptoms similar to field diseased plants and indicator plants Nicotiana benthamiana and N. clevelandii displayed mosaic symptoms. Transmission electron microscopy of negatively-stained sap extracts showed the presence of flexuous filaments c. 680 nm in length. Using indirect ELISA, plants of B. rubra and C. quinoa with symptoms tested positive for potyvirus using an anti-potyvirus group monoclonal antibody (Agdia Inc.). The only potyvirus previously reported to infect a member of the Basellaceae (Ullucus tuberosus) is Ullucus mosaic virus (Brunt et al., 1982). However this virus differs from isolate BR, as it causes local lesions in C. quinoa. The 3′-terminal region of the BR isolate was amplified by RT-PCR from total RNA of diseased plants, using a potyvirus-specific degenerate primer (PNIbF1) and an oligo-dT primer (Huang & Chang, 2005). A 1·8 kb fragment, including partial NIb, the CP and 3′ UTR, was obtained and cloned. Two independent clones were sequenced and a BLAST search was performed against the NCBI database. Sequence analysis of the putative capsid protein gene revealed that the highest amino acid and nucleotide sequence identities were 70% and 68% respectively, between the BR isolate (DQ394891) and all other searched potyvirus sequences. According to the species demarcation criteria for the Potyviridae (Adams et al., 2005) the BR isolate is a new potyvirus and is herein designated as Basella rugose mosaic virus (BaRMV).
Digging Memory of the Dead in Field Work, The Haw Lantern & Seeing Things (2008)

Seamus Heaney is one of the representative writers who wrote many poems in memory of the dead people and memory is Heaney’s principle muse. Through rereading the selected poems for the dead, I could find out that Seamus Heaney used the different genres as memory art for the dead: some pastoral elegies of Field Work, a series of sonnets of The Haw Lantern and some free verses of Seeing Things containing the method of pastiche and incantation. Pastoral elegy is a funeral song or a lament for the dead with some convention: Although, Seamus Heaney following this convention, “The Strand at Lough Beg” and “Casualty” show some digression. And sonnet means “little songs” of fourteen lines that follow a strict rhyme scheme and specific structure with the theme of love. However, Heaney’s sonnets also show some transformation in line and rhyme. And the word pastiche means either a “hodge-podge” or imitation of several original works. Heaney’s some memory poems of Seeing Things apply some method of incantation which transforms keepsakes into the spiritual ones with the method of pastiche. What I came to the end from this study is that when Heaney commemorated victims of Ulster Trouble, he used somewhat artificial genre of pastoral elegy. However, for the memory of his dead mother, he used the sonnet genre of lyric mode which can contain praise and love of the dead. To our interest, he used free verse with pastiche and incantation to express love for his dead father and the late Philip Larkin. In short, he can be evaluated as a craftsman, memory digger and occulter.
Determination of pH using water protons and chemical exchange dependent saturation transfer (CEST) (2000)

Solution pH was measured using water proton NMR via chemical exchange dependent saturation transfer (CEST) with selected chemical exchange sites. Several useful pH-sensitive proton chemical exchange agents were found: 5,6-dihydrouracil, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and a combination of 5-hydroxytryptophan and 2-imidazolidinethione. A ratiometric approach was developed that permitted pH determinations that were independent of water T(1) or exchange site concentration.
Reduced gastric injury with a novel, liquid lipid-aspirin formulation: results from a pooled, patient level analysis of two randomized endoscopy studies In healthy volunteers (2020)

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity from aspirin is high at the time of initiation of therapy. Objective The current analysis aimed to determine rates of endoscopically detected gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers after 7 days of either immediate release aspirin (IR-ASA) or a novel, pharmaceutical lipid-aspirin complex (PL-ASA) liquid formulation that has an antiplatelet effect similar to IR-ASA. Methods Two randomized, single blind, multicenter active control studies comparing upper GI damage after 7 days of 325 mg PL-ASA or IR-ASA in healthy volunteers not taking a gastroprotectant and who had a negative baseline endoscopy were pooled at the patient level. The primary outcome was the composite of &amp;gt;5 erosions and/or ≥1 ulcer (≥3 mm deep) assessed by a treatment-blinded reviewer at repeat endoscopy on day 7. Results Out of 451 randomized subjects (mean age 57 years, 47% males), 441 completed the 7-day endoscopy and represent the full analysis set. PL-ASA significantly reduced the primary outcome by 34% compared with IR-ASA (25.7% vs. 39%, p=0.0032) (figure). Notably, for ulcers there was a 61% reduction with PL-ASA (6.0% vs. 14.8%, p=0.0018) (Figure 1). The mean number of gastric erosions per patient was also reduced with PL-ASA (2.8±7.3 vs. 4.2±7.5, p&amp;lt;0.0001), while erosions in the duodenum were not different (1.4±7.1 vs. 0.9±2.3, p=0.45). Conclusion The novel PL-ASA liquid capsules reduced rates of GI injury compared with IR-ASA tablets. The combination of reliable platelet inhibition with less GI injury makes PL-ASA an attractive new aspirin therapy option. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): PLx Pharma
Temporal Effect of Human Oviductal Cell and Its Derived Embryotrophic Factors on Mouse Embryo Development1 (2001)

Mouse embryos at different stages of development were cocultured with human oviduct cells or cultured in the presence of oviduct-derived embryotrophic factor-1, -2, and -3 (ETF-1, -2, and -3) for various amounts of time within the preimplantation period. Cocultures that included the period from 48 to 72 h post-hCG stimulated cell division and increased the cell numbers in the inner cell mass (ICM) of the exposed blastocyst. Exposure of embryos to oviductal cells from 96 to 120 h post-hCG increased the cell number in the trophectoderm (TE), blastocyst size, hatching rate, attachment, and in vitro spreading of the blastocyst. ETF-1 and ETF-2 affected embryos between 48 and 72 h post-hCG by increasing the number of cells in the ICM. In contrast, ETF-3 had a more profound effect on embryos that were exposed from 96 to 120 h post-hCG, where it mostly affected the development of TE cells, leading to higher hatching rate. Human oviductal cells improved mouse embryo development partly by the production of high molecular weight embryotrophic factors. These factors had differential effects on mouse embryo development.
Analysis of Drillstring Failures (1995)

Abstract The drilling industry is currently exploring various ways of reducing drilling costs through a multitude of initiatives; for example C.R.I.N.E. (Cost Reduction In the New Era). One of the major areas where there is potential for cost reduction is downtime due to hole problems and drillstring failures. Over the last five; years, British Gas (B.G.) has experienced a number of drillstring failures despite following the industry accepted practices of drillstring design. As a result of this, a substantial research programme was initiated to investigate the fundamental mechanics of drilling vibrations, and in particular the prediction of the onset of a resonance that contributes to a fatigue failure. The programme concentrated on four major areas: A full metallurgical analysis of the failed components;Development of mathematical models to predict natural frequencies;A collection of field data; andBuilding a laboratory based scale model drillstring rig to generate vibration data and validate the mathematical models in conjunction with field data. This paper presents details of the above research programme that results in a substantial reduction of drillstring failures. It will present field examples from both onshore and offshore wells. The paper also details British Gas's approach to the reduction of harmful resonance through the strategic placement of a shock sub.
Role of the major histocompatibility complex class II transmembrane region in antigen presentation and intracellular trafficking (2004)

While a sorting signal in the cytoplasmic tail of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules is known to influence their endocytic transport, potential effects of the transmembrane (TM) domain of the MHC class II molecules on endocytic transport remain unclear. We have examined the role of the TM domain by comparing antigen-presenting functions of the wildtype (WT) I-Ab and mutant (MT) I-Ab molecule substituted in the beta-chain TM with alpha chain TM. A20 cells transfected with WT I-Ab were able to present antigen (hen egg lysozyme) better to some hybridomas, while those transfected with MT I-Ab consistently outperformed WT for other hybridomas recognizing different epitopes. This difference in antigen processing and presentation is not caused by the differences in H-2M (DM) requirement or association with Ii. The time required for processing of specific epitopes appears to be different, suggesting sequential involvement of various endocytic compartments in the antigen processing. Although both WT and MT molecules were found in the early endocytic (transferrin receptor-rich) compartments, MT molecules accumulated in these compartments in higher quantities for longer time periods. Similarly, the MT molecule is retained for a longer time period than WT in late endocytic (LAMP-1 associated) compartments. Together, our data indicate an important role of the TM domain of the MHC class II molecules in the intracellular trafficking and, consequently, antigen processing and presentation.
Two‐state vs. multistate protein unfolding studied by optical melting and hydrogen exchange (2000)

Abstract A direct conflict between the stabilization free energy parameters of cytochrome c determined by optical methods and by hydrogen exchange (HX) is quantitatively explained when the partially folded intermediates seen by HX are taken into account. The results support the previous HX measurements of intermediate populations, show how intermediates can elude the standard melting analysis, and illustrate how they confuse the analysis when they are significantly populated within the melting transition region.
Computed tomography simulation with superquadrics (2005)

Accurate and efficient simulation of an x-ray transform for representative structures plays an important role in research and development of x-ray CT, for the evaluation and improvement of CT image reconstruction algorithms, in particular. Superquadrics are a family of three-dimensional objects, which can be used to model a variety of anatomical structures. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for the computation of x-ray transforms for superellipsoids and tori with a monochromatic x-ray. Their usefulness is demonstrated by projection and reconstruction of a superquadric-based thorax phantom. Our work indicates that superquadric modeling provides a more realistic visualization than quadratic modeling, and a faster computation than spline methods.
Pyrolysis of Oat Straw and the Comparison of the Product Yield to Wheat and Flax Straw Pyrolysis (2011)

In this work, the results of experimental studies on the pyrolysis of oat straw in a fixed-bed reactor at different temperatures are described. The pyrolysis products are analyzed, and the effect of the temperature on the product yield is also discussed. The bio-oil yield increased at low temperatures, while gas production was enhanced at high temperatures during oat straw pyrolysis. The highest percentage of bio-oil (40.5%) was produced at 450 °C, while the maximum gas production (42%) took place at the temperature of 550 °C. To evaluate the pyrolysis product yield, comparisons were made between the oat, wheat, and flax straws that were pyrolyzed in the lab under the same experimental conditions. A comparison of the biomasses based on the pyrolysis product yield illustrates that flax straw is capable of producing more hydrogen (33% of the outlet gas) and carbon-rich char (42% of the biomass) when compared to other biomasses. Oat straw is considered a better biomass for bio-oil production (46% of the volatiles) compared to wheat and flax straws in these particular experimental conditions.
A Continuous Sampling System for Room Temperature Phosphorimetric Analysis (1979)

An experimental system for the continuous sampling of organic phosphors by the room temperature phosphorimetric technique has been constructed. Phosphorimetric time resolution was achieved by the use of an analog switch phosphoroscope. The results obtained show that this system is fairly sensitive and will allow extremely rapid analyses of small amounts of samples, thereby making it quite suitable for routine analysis of molecules exhibiting phosphorescence at room temperature.
Jahrestagung 2017 der AOTrauma Deutschland (2017)

Die Jahrestagung der AOTrauma Deutschland (AOTD) fand vom 12.–13.05.2017 in Münster statt. Im Mittelpunkt der Tagung stand die Strategie: Was ist die AO heute? Zu dieser Diskussion kamen der Präsident, Klaus Renner, sowie weitere führende Vertreter der AO Foundation nach Deutschland.
CHRONIC GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE IN THE RAT RADIATION CHIMERA (1982)

The clinical features, pathology, and immunopathology of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) developing in the long-term rat radiation chimera are described. At 6 to 12 months post-transplant, the previously stable ACI/LEW chimeras developed patchy to diffuse severe hair loss and thickened skin folds, and had microscopic features resembling scleroderma, Sjögren's syndrome, and chronic hepatitis. Skin histology showed dermal inflammation and acanthosis with atrophy of the appendages, with progression to dermal sclerosis. The liver revealed chronic hepatitis with bile duct injury and proliferation and periportal piecemeal necrosis. The tongue had considerable submucosal inflammation, muscular necrosis, and atrophy and arteritis. The serous salivary glands, lacrimal glands, and bronchi had lymphocytic inflammation and injury to duct, acinar, and mucosal columnar epithelium. The thymus had lymphocyte depletion of the medulla with prominent epithelium. The spleen and lymph nodes had poorly developed germinal centers but increased numbers of plasma cells. IgM was observed along the basement membrane and around the basal cells of the skin and tongue and along the basement membrane of the bile ducts. IgM was present also in the arteries of the tongue. Immunoglobulins eluted from the skin cross-reacted with the bile duct epithelium and usually with both ACI and Lewis skin. Increased titers of speckled antinuclear antibodies were present in the serum of rats with chronic GVHD. Chronic GVHD in the long-term rat radiation chimera is very similar to human chronic GVHD and is a potentially excellent model for autoimmune disorders including scleroderma, Sjögren's syndrome, and chronic hepatitis.
Oxygen Ion Defect Generation in Insulated‐Gate Field‐Effect Transistors and X‐Radiation Susceptibility of Ion‐Damaged Gate Insulators (1990)

In the present paper, the residual electrical effects, before and after postmetal annealing, on insulated gate field‐effect transistor (IGFET) device characteristics due to implantation of oxygen at a dose of 1015 cm−2 into 36‐nm‐thick gate insulators following their growth have been studied. The primary defects detected via optically assisted injection of electrons into the gate insulators of the damaged IGFETs were neutral electron traps (NETs), present in concentrations as high as. Secondary types of defects found appear to be fixed negative charge (FNC), approximately in the worst case, and a smaller amount of fixed positive charge (FPC), less than 1010 cm−2 in the worst case. It is not surprising (unlike the case for silicon implantation under similar conditions) that a smaller number of defects is generated by oxygen implanted into gate insulators following its growth, since the device is subjected to a series of high‐temperature processing steps after the implantation. These high‐temperature processes appear to result in the redistribution and/or volatilization of most of the excess oxygen atoms; volatilization of silicon, on the other hand, is much less likely. Similar to what was observed with silicon‐implanted gate insulators, it was found that these defects could not be removed by employing conventional postmetal annealing (PMA) conditions in forming gas (10% , 90% ) at 400°C for 30 min. The defects created by ion implantation appear to be quite different from those created by x‐ray or electron irradiation, where large quantities of FPCs and NETs are generated, which can be annealed in PMA cycles. It is found that oxygen‐implanted gate insulators appear to be much more susceptible to x‐ray radiation than unimplanted devices. The residual defects in oxygen‐implanted devices, following x‐ray radiation and subsequent PMA annealing for up to 120 min, were found to be greater than that in unimplanted devices. The results with silicon ions earlier, and oxygen ions now, indicate that if the insulator is damaged by such species during processing, as might occur due to knock‐on from the gate electrode during source/drain formation, unannealable defects will form which would also tend to make the device structure more susceptible to radiation damage in a hostile environment, or to large hot electron drift, accompanying conventional use.
Pig farmers’ preferences for wastewater treatment systems : a discrete choice experiment (2021)

本研究では，汚水処理システムのどのような属性を養豚農家が重要視しているかを定量評価するため，4道県の養豚農家を対象にアンケート調査による離散型選択実験を行った．汚水処理システムに対し，「水質の改善度」「臭気の除去力」「技術の難易度」「費用」に加え，温室効果ガス（GHG）削減効果を示す「GHG削減量」の5属性を設定して選択セットを作成し，農家に提示した．その結果，「水質の改善度」が最も大きな選好の値となり，予想通り農家は水質汚濁防止法による暫定排水基準を強く意識していることが示された．また現状では規制対象外の「GHG削減量」に対しても，わずかではあるものの正の選好を示すことが明らかとなった．今後，環境改善に関する汚水処理システムの属性に対し農家の支払意志をより向上させるには，環境改善の重要性をさらに農家に周知し，その具体的な取り組み方策を提示することが重要であると示唆された．
Transmutation, Burn-Up and Fuel Fabrication Trade-Offs in Reduced-Moderation Water Reactor Thorium Fuel Cycles - 13502 (2013)

Multiple recycle of long-lived actinides has the potential to greatly reduce the required storage time for spent nuclear fuel or high level nuclear waste. This is generally thought to require fast reactors as most transuranic (TRU) isotopes have low fission probabilities in thermal reactors. Reduced-moderation LWRs are a potential alternative to fast reactors with reduced time to deployment as they are based on commercially mature LWR technology. Thorium (Th) fuel is neutronically advantageous for TRU multiple recycle in LWRs due to a large improvement in the void coefficient. If Th fuel is used in reduced-moderation LWRs, it appears neutronically feasible to achieve full actinide recycle while burning an external supply of TRU, with related potential improvements in waste management and fuel utilization. In this paper, the fuel cycle of TRU-bearing Th fuel is analysed for reduced-moderation PWRs and BWRs (RMPWRs and RBWRs). RMPWRs have the advantage of relatively rapid implementation and intrinsically low conversion ratios. However, it is challenging to simultaneously satisfy operational and fuel cycle constraints. An RBWR may potentially take longer to implement than an RMPWR due to more extensive changes from current BWR technology. However, the harder neutron spectrum can lead to favourable fuel cycle performance. A two-stage fuel cycle, where the first pass is Th-Pu MOX, is a technically reasonable implementation of either concept. The first stage of the fuel cycle can therefore be implemented at relatively low cost as a Pu disposal option, with a further policy option of full recycle in the medium term.