gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Neuroimaging in mild cognitive impairment]. (2006)

I summarized the present status of Neuroimaging studies in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Nation wide multi-center study with regard to single photon emission study had been started 3 year before and it is now going on in a good cooperation of many institute, covering 319 cases. This study was name as J-COSMIC (Japan Cooperative SPECT Study on Assessment of Mild Impairment of Cognitive Function). After one-year follow-up, 30 out of 120 cases were converted to Alzheimer's disease from MCI. Since last year, ADNI (Alzheimer' disease Neuroimaging Initiative) had started in US, very similar to J-COSMIC, but they adopted PET and MRI as the examination tool. The findings based on J-COSMIC is still unclear, but, we can say that the general cognitive evaluation methods such as MMSE is better than WMS-R, which measures the memory function itself with wide variation in each case. Similar to small size previous works, converter from MCI to Alzheimer's disease tended to show hypoperfusion in the parietal and frontal regions. Recent advance in the molecular imaging enabled us to visualize the deposition of amyloid protein in the brain parenchyma. It is still controversial as to application of the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or MCI. S. Minoshima reported the hypometabolism in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease in the posterior cingulate gyrus or precuneus, but it has been still unknown why these areas showed hypoperfusion or hypometabolism in early phase of Alzheimer's disease. We examined the fiber connection of posterior cingulate region with other brain structures using diffusion weighted images. It was very surprising that such kind of small structures had a lot of connections, not only contralateral side, but also, parietal and temporal lobes, as well as anterior cigulate cortex. The function has been still been unclear, but we will be able to disclose their functions in the human brain in the future, which will be helpful for understanding the pathophysiological changes in MCI.
Experimental observation of carousel-like phason flips in the decagonal quasicrystal Al60Cr20Fe10Si10 (2021)

Quasicrystals have special crystal structures with long-range order, but without translational symmetry. Unexpectedly, carousel-like successive flippings of groups of atoms inside the ∼2 nm decagonal structural subunits of the decagonal quasicrystal Al<sub>60</sub>Cr<sub>20</sub>Fe<sub>10</sub>Si<sub>10</sub> were directly observed using in situ high-temperature high-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging. The observed directionally successive phason flips occur mainly clockwise and occasionally anticlockwise. The origin of these directional phason flips is analyzed and discussed.
NiP2: A Story of Two Divergent Polymorphic Multifunctional Materials (2019)

In this paper, we explore the drastic differences in transport properties and catalytic activities for two structural polymorphs of NiP2: cubic (Pa3; No. 205) and monoclinic NiP2 (C2/c; No. 15). The former one has been long assumed to be the high-pressure metastable phase, as it had been originally synthesized through high-pressure methods. Synthetic and in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies unambiguously show that the cubic polymorph can be synthesized at ambient pressure but irreversibly transforms into the monoclinic structure above 876 K. Band structure calculations and transport measurements show that cubic NiP2 is a semimetal, while the monoclinic polymorph is an n-type direct band gap semiconductor. Both compounds exhibit low thermal conductivities, with cubic NiP2 exhibiting a value of 1.7 W•m–1 K–1 at 300 K. The bulk structure of the phosphides may affect the surface-related properties. Unlike the monoclinic polymorph, cubic NiP2 excels in both half-cell HER and OER measurements. In alkaline half-cell OER, cubic NiP2 outperforms the RuO2 standard. More importantly, HER tests in a PEM electrolysis single cell showed high promise for cubic NiP2, which requires only 13% higher overpotentials when compared to state-of-the-art Pt/IrRuOx-based assemblies, far surpassing any reported properties of metal pnictide or chalcogenide full cells.
A Conus regularis Conotoxin with a Novel Eight-Cysteine Framework Inhibits CaV2.2 Channels and Displays an Anti-Nociceptive Activity (2013)

A novel peptide, RsXXIVA, was isolated from the venom duct of Conus regularis, a worm-hunting species collected in the Sea of Cortez, México. Its primary structure was determined by mass spectrometry and confirmed by automated Edman degradation. This conotoxin contains 40 amino acids and exhibits a novel arrangement of eight cysteine residues (C-C-C-C-CC-CC). Surprisingly, two loops of the novel peptide are highly identical to the amino acids sequence of ω-MVIIA. The total length and disulfide pairing of both peptides are quite different, although the two most important residues for the described function of ω-MVIIA (Lys2 and Tyr13) are also present in the peptide reported here. Electrophysiological analysis using superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons indicates that RsXXIVA inhibits CaV2.2 channel current in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 of 2.8 μM, whose effect is partially reversed after washing. Furthermore, RsXXIVA was tested in hot-plate assays to measure the potential anti-nociceptive effect to an acute thermal stimulus, showing an analgesic effect in acute thermal pain at 30 and 45 min post-injection. Also, the toxin shows an anti-nociceptive effect in a formalin chronic pain test. However, the low affinity for CaV2.2 suggests that the primary target of the peptide could be different from that of ω-MVIIA.
The interaction of the steroidal antagonist faslodex and methotrexate. (2003)

Faslodex (FAS, ICI 182, 780), a novel steroidal estrogen antagonist decreased high-dose methotrexate (MTX) cytotoxicity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. When FAS is given at least 24 hr prior to MTX, the resultant interaction is antagonistic. However, when breast cancer cells are exposed to FAS 24 hr after MTX, the interaction between FAS and MTX is not antagonistic. The proliferation of cells exposed to 0.1 microM FAS and 10 microM MTX alone or in combination with FAS 24 hr prior to MTX was in the following order: FAS>FAS 24 hr prior to MTX>MTX. MTX administration 24 hr prior to FAS had the following inhibitory effects on the growth of cells: MTX 24 hr prior to FAS >MTX>FAS 24 hr prior to MTX>FAS>control (no drug exposure). To determine if the antagonistic interaction between FAS and MTX was a function of sequence and time, cells were exposed to FAS 24 hr and 36 hr prior to MTX exposure. The percentages of control rates were 42.70 +/- 4.60% and 57.89 +/- 0.55%, respectively, from a 24 hr and 36 hr exposure of FAS prior to MTX. The growth rates after 24 and 36 hr exposures to MTX alone were 30.30 +/- 0.61% and 33.11 +/- 2.57% of control rates, respectively. These studies suggest that: a) the interactions between FAS and MTX are sequence-dependent; b) FAS antagonizes the effect of MTX when FAS administration precedes MTX, and c) FAS antagonism to MTX is a function of time.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist increases respiratory variability and complexity in acute respiratory failure. (2011)

BACKGROUND: Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a partial ventilatory support mode where positive pressure is provided in relation to diaphragmatic electrical activity (EAdi). Central inspiratory activity is normally not monotonous, but it demonstrates short-term variability and complexity. The authors reasoned that NAVA should produce a more "natural" or variable breathing pattern than other modes. This study compared respiratory variability and complexity during pressure support ventilation (PSV) and NAVA.METHODS: Flow and EAdi were recorded during routine PSV (tidal volume approximately 6-8 ml/kg) and four NAVA levels (1-4 cm H2O/microVEAdi) in 12 intubated patients. Breath-by-breath variability of flow and EAdi-related variables was quantified by the coefficient of variation (CV) and autocorrelation analysis. Complexity of flow and EAdi was described using noise titration, largest Lyapunov exponent, Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, and three-dimensional phase portraits.RESULTS: Switching from PSV to NAVA increased the CV and decreased the autocorrelation for most flow-related variables in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05, partial eta for the CV of mean inspiratory flow 0.642). The changes were less marked for EAdi. A positive noise limit was consistently found for flow and EAdi. Largest Lyapunov exponent and Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy for flow were greater during NAVA than PSV and increased with NAVA level (P < 0.05, partial eta 0.334 and 0.312, respectively). Largest Lyapunov exponent and Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy for EAdi were not influenced by ventilator mode.CONCLUSIONS: Compared with PSV, NAVA increases the breathing pattern variability and complexity of flow, whereas the complexity of EAdi is unchanged. Whether this improves clinical outcomes remains to be determined. PMID: 20179505
Compatibility of Neuquinon Granule with Other Ingredients (1978)

Compatibility of Neuquion granules in combination with each of 31 adjuvant drugs was investigated in terms of change in appearance and weight. The mixtures, wrapped with white wax paper or polyethylene-laminated cellophan paper, were kept at 35° with relative humidity of 92% or 25° with 75%, respectively. Changes were examined immediately after compounding, and 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after. Some changes which could affect administration were observed in many combinations. But no significant changes attributable to the granules were detected. Marked change in appearance was seen after combination with Marzulene-S granule, but it was confirmed by thin layer chromatography that no chemical change took place between the two products.
Epitope-Specific Regulation (1983)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Studies on pyrazines. 35. An improved synthesis of bromopyrazines from hydroxypyrazines (1999)

Abstract The synthesis of bromopyrazines from hydroxypyrazines was successfully effected by the procedure via trimethylsilyloxypyrazines, the sequence of which proceeds under mild conditions and does not require the isolation of intermediate.
Comprehensive genetic testing identifies targetable genomic alterations in most patients with non-small cell lung cancer, specifically adenocarcinoma, single institute investigation (2016)

This study reviews extensive genetic analysis in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in order to: describe how targetable mutation genes interrelate with the genes identified as variants of unknown significance; assess the percentage of patients with a potentially targetable genetic alterations; evaluate the percentage of patients who had concurrent alterations, previously considered to be mutually exclusive; and characterize the molecular subset of KRAS. Thoracic Oncology Research Program Databases at the University of Chicago provided patient demographics, pathology, and results of genetic testing. 364 patients including 289 adenocarcinoma underwent genotype testing by various platforms such as FoundationOne, Caris Molecular Intelligence, and Response Genetics Inc. For the entire adenocarcinoma cohort, 25% of patients were African Americans; 90% of KRAS mutations were detected in smokers, including current and former smokers; 46% of EGFR and 61% of ALK alterations were detected in never smokers. 99.4% of patients, whose samples were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS), had genetic alterations identified with an average of 10.8 alterations/tumor throughout different tumor subtypes. However, mutations were not mutually exclusive. NGS in this study identified potentially targetable genetic alterations in the majority of patients tested, detected concurrent alterations and provided information on variants of unknown significance at this time but potentially targetable in the future.
Focus on the Number of Radiation Oncology Trials or on Clinical Relevance? (2018)

International audience
Distributed Resource Allocation with Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for 5G-V2V Communication (2020)

We consider the distributed resource selection problem in Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication in the absence of a base station. Each vehicle autonomously selects transmission resources from a pool of shared resources to disseminate Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs). This is a consensus problem where each vehicle has to select a unique resource. The problem becomes more challenging when---due to mobility---the number of vehicles in vicinity of each other is changing dynamically. In a congested scenario, allocation of unique resources for each vehicle becomes infeasible and a congested resource allocation strategy has to be developed. The standardized approach in 5G, namely semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) suffers from effects caused by spatial distribution of the vehicles. In our approach, we turn this into an advantage. We propose a novel DIstributed Resource Allocation mechanism using multi-agent reinforcement Learning (DIRAL) which builds on a unique state representation. One challenging issue is to cope with the non-stationarity introduced by concurrently learning agents which causes convergence problems in multi-agent learning systems. We aimed to tackle non-stationarity with unique state representation. Specifically, we deploy view-based positional distribution as a state representation to tackle non-stationarity and perform complex joint behavior in a distributed fashion. Our results showed that DIRAL improves PRR by 20% compared to SPS in challenging congested scenarios.
The Disturbance Rejection Control Method Based on the External Load Force Feed-forward Compensation of the Hydraulic Drive Unit (2015)

The high performance bionic quadruped robot is driven by the hydraulic drive unit (HDU), and to compensate the negative effects of the external load force on the HDU performance availably, the external load force feedforward compensation control method is researched in this paper. Therefore, the deficiency of the position control performance with integral separation PI control under external load force is given. And the load pressure observer is designed to compute the load pressure of the HDU. Moreover, the external load force feedforward compensation controller is designed and applied. And control effects are obtained by experiment and simulation analysis under the typical external load force and robot’s trot gait work condition. The research results indicate that the response speed and the control accuracy of the HDU position control system are improved availably with this compensation control method.
Fluid-filled cylindrical elastic mount having lateral and radial elastic walls for desired axial and diametric spring characteristics (1994)

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WBC reduction in cryopreserved RBC units (2003)

RBC freezing alone will not reduce residual counts to recommended levels. However, initial removal of BC can provide an economical alternative to WBC filtration for cryopreserved units. Units that were not WBC reduced before freezing can be filtered after deglycerolization when needed.
Experience With Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging Of Human Atherosclerotic Arteries (1989)

Normal human arteries have a well-defined structure on intravascular images. The intima appears very thin and is most likely represented by a bright reflection arising from the internal elastic lamina. The smooth muscle tunica media is echo-lucent on the ultrasound image and appears as a dark band separating the intima from the adventitia. The adventitia is a brightly reflective layer of variable thickness. The thickness of the intima, and therefore of the atherosclerotic plaque can be accurately measured from the ultrasound images and correlates well with histology. Calcification within the wall of arteries is seen as bright echo reflection with shadowing of the peripheral wall. Fibrotic regions are highly reflective but do not shadow. Necrotic liquid regions within advanced atherosclerotic plaques are seen on ultrasound images as large lucent zones surrounded by echogenic tissue. Imaging can be performed before and after interventional procedures, such as laser angioplasty, balloon angioplasty and atherectomy. Intravascular ultrasound appears to provide an imaging modality for identifying the histologic characteristics of diseased arteries and for quantifying plaque thickness. It might be possible to perform such quantification to evaluate the results of interventional procedures.
CuATSM efficacy is independently replicated in a SOD1 mouse model of ALS while unmetallated ATSM therapy fails to reveal benefits (2017)

A copper chelator known as diacetylbis(N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazonato) copper II (CuATSM), has been reported to be efficacious in multiple transgenic SOD1 models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor neurons. Here we report that we also observed CuATSM efficacy on disease onset and progression in a standardized litter-matched and gender-balanced efficacy study using B6SJL-SOD1G93A/1Gur mice. We also report improved survival trends with CuATSM treatment. In addition, we report a lack of efficacy by unmetallated ATSM in the same model using the same standardized study design. These results add to existing evidence supporting an efficacious role for copper delivery using chaperone molecules in mouse models of ALS.
Enhanced Molecular Surveillance of Chikungunya Virus (2019)

Outbreaks of the emerging arbovirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV) affect millions of individuals in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Vector competence can be changed dramatically by single amino acid exchanges located predominantly within the CHIKV E1 and E2 envelope proteins, which are associated with enhanced transmissibility by anthropophilic <i>Aedes</i> mosquitoes. Commonly used reference assays for molecular surveillance cover only a few adaptive mutations within the envelope domains and have not been validated for all CHIKV genotypes. The recognized landscape of CHIKV adaptive mutations is thus likely incomplete. We designed two nested reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays that cover hot spots of viral adaptation to vectors within the E1 and E2 genomic domains. Primers were designed in conserved genomic regions to allow broad usability across CHIKV genotypes. The sensitivity of both assays was at least equivalent to E1- and E2-based reference assays and robust among CHIKV genotypes at 51.4 IU/reaction (E1, 95% confidence interval [CI], 39.8 to 78.9) and 4.0 IU/reaction (E2, 95% CI, 2.0 to 7.4). Upon analysis of the complete known CHIKV genomic diversity, up to 11 nucleotide mismatches with CHIKV variants occurred under oligonucleotide binding sites of reference assays, potentially limiting assay sensitivity, whereas no critical mismatches occurred in the new assays. Specificity testing with nine alphaviruses representing all serocomplexes showed amplification of Mayaro virus and O'nyong-nyong virus by the E1-based assay, but not by the E2-based assay. The high sensitivity and specificity of the new E2-based assay may allow its diagnostic usage in resource-limited settings. The combined new assays allow improved molecular epidemiological surveillance of CHIKV globally.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The life cycle of arboviruses relies on efficient infection of and transmission by arthropod vectors. Adaptation to new vectors can thus dramatically increase the geographic range of an arbovirus. Several adaptive mutations enhance chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmissibility by different mosquito species. The appearance of those adaptive mutations has led to large-scale CHIKV outbreaks in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Molecular surveillance of circulating CHIKV strains for adaptive mutations contributes to precise risk assessments and efficient vector control and provides new insight into the evolution of vector adaptation. Existing assays for molecular CHIKV surveillance are limited by poor coverage of known adaptive mutations, low sensitivity, and cost-intensive deep sequencing approaches, preventing universal application. We developed two highly sensitive nested RT-PCR assays that cover hot spots of vector adaptation in CHIKV envelope domains. The new assays allow unprecedented molecular surveillance across all CHIKV genotypes and diagnostic use in resource-limited settings globally.
Intensity-dependent reflectance and transmittance of semiconductor periodic structures (2003)

The intensity-dependent response of nonlinear Bragg-periodic epitaxially-grown InGaAs-InAlGaAs-based optical elements is reported over a broad spectral range 1.3-1.6 μm. Large changes in the transmittance and reflectance are observed as a function of incident power. Over most of this spectral region, the nonlinear response is dominated by the saturation of absorption. In the vicinity of 1.5 μm, the optical elements exhibit fluence-dependent Bragg diffraction. For low incident powers, the indices of refraction of structures are uniform and no coherent scattering takes place. With increased incident power a Bragg grating appears, resulting in the emergence of a fluence-dependent stopband in the transmittance and reflectance spectra.
Muscle Stimulation Waveform Timing Patterns for Upper and Lower Leg Muscle Groups to Increase Muscular Endurance in Functional Electrical Stimulation Pedaling Using a Forward Dynamic Model (2009)

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of pedaling provides a means by which individuals with spinal cord injury can obtain cardiorespiratory exercise. However, the early onset of muscle fatigue is a limiting factor in the cardiorespiratory exercise obtained while pedaling an FES ergometer. One objective of this study was to determine muscle excitation timing patterns to increase muscle endurance in FES pedaling for three upper leg muscle groups and to compare these timing patterns to those used in a commercially available FES ergometer. The second objective was to determine excitation timing patterns for a lower leg muscle group in conjunction with the three upper leg muscle groups. The final objective was to determine the mechanical energy contributions of each of the muscle groups to drive the crank. To fulfill these objectives, we developed a forward dynamic simulation of FES pedaling to determine electrical stimulation on and off times that minimize the muscle stress-time integral of the stimulated muscles. The computed electrical stimulation on and off times differed from those utilized by a commercially available FES ergometer and resulted in 17% and 11% decrease in the muscle stress-time integral for the three upper leg muscle groups and four upper and lower leg muscle groups, respectively. Also, the duration of muscle activation by the hamstrings increased by 5% over a crank cycle for the computed stimulation on and off times, and the mechanical energy generated by the hamstrings increased by 20%. The lower leg muscle group did not generate sufficient mechanical energy to reduce the energy contributions of the upper leg muscle groups. The computed stimulation on and off times could prolong FES pedaling, and thereby provide improved cardiorespiratory and muscle training outcomes for individuals with spinal cord injury. Including the lower leg muscle group in FES pedaling could increase cardiorespiratory demand while not affecting the endurance of the muscles involved in the pedaling task.