gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field Performance of the Benigraph High-Resolution Multibeam Seafloor Mapping System (1985)

The Benigraph seafloor mapping system is an integrated system for hydrographic surveying, pipeline inspection, etc. The system consept is modular including fish positioning, high frequency scanning sonar, data storage and presentation, and a fish with cable and handling equipment and can be used with any accurate surface positioning system. The Benigraph will measure the bottom topography with a resolution of 5 cm in depth and 20 cm in the horizontal plane under typical operational conditions.
Mixture gaussian V2 based microscopic movement detection of human spermatozoa (2020)

Healthy and superior sperm is the main requirement for a woman to get pregnant. To find out how the quality of sperm is needed several checks. One of them is a sperm analysis test to see the movement of sperm objects, the analysis is observed using a microscope and calculated manually. The first step in analyzing the scheme is detecting and separating sperm objects. This research is detecting and calculating sperm movements in video data. To detect moving sperm, the background processing of sperm video data is essential for the success of the next process. This research aims to apply and compare some background subtraction algorithms to detect and count moving sperm in microscopic videos of sperm fluid, so we get a background subtraction algorithm that is suitable for the case of sperm detection and sperm count. The research methodology begins with the acquisition of sperm video data. Then, preprocessing using a Gaussian filter, background subtraction, morphological operations that produce foreground masks, and compared with moving sperm ground truth images for validation of the detection results of each background subtraction algorithm. It also shows that the system has been able to detect and count moving sperm. The test results show that the MoG (Mixture of Gaussian) V2 (2 Dimension Variable) algorithm has an f-measure value of 0.9449 and has succeeded in extracting sperm shape close to its original form and is superior compared to other methods. To conclude, the sperm analysis process can be done automatically and efficiently in terms of time.
ABSORPTION OF ALKALIZED INTRAVESICAL LIDOCAINE IN NORMAL AND INFLAMED BLADDERS: A SIMPLE METHOD FOR IMPROVING BLADDER ANESTHESIA (2001)

Alkalization provides safe and predictable lidocaine absorption into the bladder, as indicated by therapeutic systemic levels in healthy and inflamed bladders. Furthermore, the decrease in acute pain scores in the interstitial cystitis group indicated a concentration of local anesthetic within the bladder wall that was sufficient to block the sensory neurons within the submucosal plexus.
Cholesterol oxidation in the retina: implications of 7KCh formation in chronic inflammation and age-related macular degeneration (2010)

This review will discuss the formation and potential implications of 7-ketocholesterol (7KCh) in the retina. 7KCh is a proinflammatory oxysterol known to be present in high amounts in oxidized LDL deposits associated with atheromatous plaques. 7KCh is generated in situ in these lipoprotein deposits where it can accumulate and reach very high concentrations. In normal primate retina, 7KCh has been found associated with lipoprotein deposits in the choriocapillaris, Bruch's membrane, and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In photodamaged rats, 7KCh has been found in the neural retina in areas of high mitochondrial content, ganglion cells, photoreceptor inner segments and synapses, and the RPE. Intermediates found by LCMS indicate 7KCh is formed via a free radical-mediated mechanism catalyzed by iron. 7KCh seems to activate several kinase signaling pathways that work via nuclear factor κB and cause the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8. There seems to be little evidence of 7KCh metabolism in the retina, although some form of efflux mechanism may be active. The chronic mode of formation and the potent inflammatory properties of 7KCh indicate it may be an "age-related" risk factor in aging diseases such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's, and age-related macular degeneration.
Suppression of Transforming Growth Factor Beta/Smad Signaling in Keloid-Derived Fibroblasts by Quercetin: Implications for the Treatment of Excessive Scars (2004)

Taken together, these data suggest that quercetin effectively blocks the TGF-beta/Smad-signaling pathway in keloid fibroblasts. These data indicate that quercetin-based therapies for keloids should be investigated further.
CREW CHIEF: A computer graphics simulation of an aircraft maintenance technician (1990)

Approximately 35 percent of the lifetime cost of a military system is spent for maintenance. Excessive repair time is caused by not considering maintenance during design. Problems are usually discovered only after a mock-up has been constructed, when it is too late to make changes. CREW CHIEF will reduce the incidence of such problems by catching design defects in the early design stages. CREW CHIEF is a computer graphic human factors evaluation system interfaced to commercial computer aided design (CAD) systems. It creates a three dimensional man model, either male or female, large or small, with various types of clothing and in several postures. It can perform analyses for physical accessibility, strength capability with tools, visual access, and strength capability for manual materials handling. The designer would produce a drawing on his CAD system and introduce CREW CHIEF in it. CREW CHIEF's analyses would then indicate places where problems could be foreseen and corrected before the design is frozen.
Micellar aggregates of saponins from Chenopodium quinoa: characterization by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. (2012)

Entire seeds of Chenopodium quinoa Willd are a rich protein source and are also well-known for their high saponin content. Due to their amphiphily quinoa saponins are able to form intricate micellar aggregates in aqueous media. In this paper we study the aggregates formed by self-association of these compounds from two quinoa saponin fractions (FQ70 and FQ90) as well as several distinctive nanostructures obtained after their complexation with different ratios of cholesterol (CHOL) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). The FQ70 and FQ90 fractions were obtained by reversed-phase preparative chromatography. The structural features of their resulting aggregates were determined by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Novel nanosized spherical vesicles formed by self-association with mean diameter about 100-200 nm were observed in FQ70 aqueous solutions whereas worm-like micelles an approximate width of 20 nm were detected in FQ90 aqueous solutions. Under experimental conditions similar to those reported for the preparation of Quillaja saponaria ISCOM matrices, tubular and ring-like micelles arose from FQ70:CHOL:PC and FQ90:CHOL:PC formulations, respectively. However, under these conditions no cage-like ISCOM matrices were observed. The saponin composition of FQ70 and FQ90 seems to determine the nanosized structures viewed by TEM. Phytolaccagenic acid, predominant in FQ70 and FQ90 fractions, is accountable for the formation of the nanosized vesicles and tubular structures observed by TEM in the aqueous solutions of both samples. Conversely, ring-like micelles observed in FQ90:CHOL:PC complexes can be attributed to the presence of less polar saponins present in FQ90, in particular those derived from oleanolic acid.
Pharmacology of a new antihistamine, beta-pyrrolidine-ethyl-phenothiazine. (1948)

1. Beta-pyrrolidineethyl-phenothiazine monohydrochioride (Pyrrolazote) was compared with Pyribenzamine and demonstrated to be a potent antagonist to many of the pharmacologic responses of histamine. It was found to be effective for a longer period than Pyribenzamine as indicated by tests against histaminic spasms in vitro and protection against an aerosol of histamine in vivo .

2. Pyrrolazote was shown to possess antianaphylactic properties similar to those of Pyribenzamine.

3. Pyrrolazote neither enhanced nor antagonized the pressor effects of epinephrine in contradistinction to the enhancement produced by Pyribenzamine.

4. Acute toxicity studies in three species showed Pyrrolazote to be from one-half to one-twentieth as toxic as Pyribenzamine depending upon the route of administration and species used.

5. Chronic toxicity studies in rats showed that a dose of 10 mgm. per kgm. orally five days each week for ten weeks was innocuous. Histopathology limited to degenerative fatty infiltration of the liver occurred at doses of 25 mgm. per kgm. and greater.
Carboxylates as sources of carbon nucleophiles and electrophiles: comparison of decarboxylative and decarbonylative pathways (2012)

This tutorial review provides a comparison between the concepts of catalytic decarboxylative and decarbonylative couplings for the ipso-substitution of carboxylate groups, and illustrates their potential benefits over alternative C–C bond-forming reactions. Redox-neutral decarboxylative reactions allow generating organometallic species with nucleophilic reactivity via the extrusion of carbon dioxide from metal carboxylates. Such C–C bond activating processes provide a way of employing carboxylate salts as substitutes for the traditional sources of carbon nucleophiles, i.e. stoichiometric organometallic reagents. If the decarboxylation of carboxylic acids is performed under oxidative conditions, organometallic species with electrophilic reactivity are obtained instead. These can alternatively be accessed via the extrusion of carbon monoxide from acyl–metal species generated via the oxidative addition of activated carboxylic acid derivatives (e.g. acid chlorides, anhydrides or esters) to metal complexes. In the latter two reaction types, carboxylic acids thus become substitutes for organohalides. The complementary redox-neutral and oxidative decarboxylative and decarbonylative reaction modes allow the broad use of carboxylic acids as substrates in C–C bond-forming reactions. Their applicability, scope and limitations are discussed using the examples of Heck reactions, cross-couplings and direct arylations.
Inside Cover: Discovery of a Potent BTK Inhibitor with a Novel Binding Mode by Using Parallel Selections with a DNA‐Encoded Chemical Library (ChemBioChem 9/2017) (2017)

The inside cover picture shows the discovery of a potent BTK inhibitor (orange) by affinity-based selection from a DNA-encoded library (top). Addition of ATP (beige) to the selection, which simulates the intracellular environment, displaced any low affinity compounds (purple) but could not displace the high affinity inhibitor. As predicted by the selection results, the high affinity BTK inhibitor demonstrated potent cellular activity. More information can be found in the full paper by J. W. Cuozzo et al. on page 864 in Issue 9, 2017 (DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600573).
Multitone Feedback Through Demodulating Log Detector for Detection of Spurious Emissions in Software Radio (2007)

This paper provides an analysis of a log detector in order to determine its response to a multitone input for detection of spurious emissions in a radio frequency transmitter. Treatment is given to the single tone response of the log detector and extended to a two-tone log detector system, where a large signal and a small signal are present. The large signal is observed to experience logarithmic processing with an output at zero frequency. The small signal produces an output at the difference frequency of the large signal frequency and small signal frequency that is approximately proportional to the ratio of the small signal voltage to the large signal voltage. The two-tone results are generalized to an m-tone input. Experimental results are presented to show the accuracy of the model. The log detector circuit analyzed is able to detect a spurious emission within 45 MHz of the main signal with plusmn1 dB of accuracy.
Small cell carcinoma of the stomach: an immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. (1992)

A 4 x 6 cm ulcerative mass in the antrum was found to consist of papillary adenocarcinoma in the surrounding wall and the small round cell neoplasm at its base. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that elements of the papillary adenocarcinoma were positive for carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, keratin, endocrine granule constituent, and CA19-9, while components of the small cell carcinoma were weakly positive only for neuron-specific enolase. In one portion of the small cell carcinoma, particularly large cells with pleomorphic nuclei which were intensely positive for desmin were detected. Electron microscopic examination revealed dense-cored granules and intercellular junctions in the small neoplastic cells and bundles of intermediate filaments in the desmin-positive large cells. These findings suggest that ultrastructural examination is vital in diagnosis of small cell carcinoma and they reveal the capability of this carcinoma toward multidirectional differentiation.
Design and fabrication of a GaAs vertical MESFET (1985)

Vertically oriented GaAs MESFET's were fabricated on thick epitaxial conductive layers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on a semi-insulating substrate. The vertical channel pattern was defined by electron-beam lithography and included structures as small as 0.3- 0.4 µm on a total period of 1.0 µm. The vertical channels were formed by reactive ion etching, and the gate contact was formed by dual-angle evaporation. The top ohmic contacts were interconnected by a metal bridge supported by a dielectric layer. The drain characteristics displayed a drain punchthrough effect, indicating that a very short gate length was achieved. Microwave measurements indicated a maximum oscillation frequency of 12 GHz.
High voltage insulation assessment using pulse analysis (1997)

The use of applied DC voltages to determine the response of dielectric materials in the time domain over extended periods of time is well known. Transformation to the frequency domain enables the presentation of the data in the form of the permittivity and the dielectric loss to be shown as functions of frequency of the applied electric stress. Dielectric materials deteriorate (age) with time when subjected to multifactor stresses. These stresses can be temperature, electric stress, mechanical stress and environmental factors resulting in chemical processes. The extent of ageing is of concern since most ageing processes result in a reduction in dielectric strength and residual life. Thus a method of nondestructive monitoring of the dielectric would be of considerable advantage. It is the purpose of this paper to investigate the dielectric behaviour of polyethylene subjected to an ageing process. (5 pages)
Multibody Dynamics of Cargo Airships During the Load Exchange Process (2004)

Abstract Projected cargo airships for the flexible transport of large loads exceed the dimensions of existing aircrafts and gave rise to various technical problems. In order to study the dynamics of the load exchange process mathematical models of the airship including the oscillating load frame are developed. The hull and the load frame are represented by a multibody system. Crucial aspects contributing to the system's dynamics are the floatation of the flying crane and nonlinear couplings between hull and load frame. Furthermore, added masses of the surrounding air are considered. Oscillations of the load frame are excited by wind loads, airship maneuvers, and winding up the cables. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Image-based physical unclonable functions for anti-counterfeiting (2013)

Physical Unclonable Functions or PUFs have gained importance since they appeared about a decade ago.\nPUFs are based on physical random features that can serve as primitives in designing security systems similarly to human biometrics.\nThe basic idea of using random features for security applications seems very interesting since the randomness is there for free. However, it raises some important research questions to be studied. The first important question is that ``how good are PUFs?'' or in other words ``what are our expectations from them and how can we experimentally validate these expectations?''. The second question rising after evaluating the expected properties is that ``how can we connect these physical entities to secure systems?'' or ``how cryptographic primitives can be used to fill the gap between physics and secure systems?''. \nThis dissertation tries to address these two main questions for a specific category of PUFs which are called Image-based PUFs and a particular secure system i.e., anti-counterfeiting. Image-based PUFs represent a category of PUFs based on random visual features of physical objects evaluated by an imaging method. \nThe first part of the thesis is dedicated to build a unified model to deal with Image-based PUFs. The model includes all the procedures needed to evaluate and post-process the images taken from Image-based PUFs. We also provide practical implementations of system components.\nFor example we introduce two new types of Image-based PUFs called Laser-written PUF and Crystal PUF. \nThe relevance of the framework is further demonstrated by its accordance to these examples of Image-based PUFs.\nWe also present two practical adaptive and non-adaptive image hashing methods called Gabor Binary Hashing and Random Binary Hashing. \nAfter building the model and instantiating its components, the second part of this thesis tries to address the first question i.e., ``how good are PUFs?''. For that, we experimentally characterize the important properties of Image-based PUFs i.e., robustness and physical unclonability. We build datasets of some PUFs which are evaluated a number of times, and based on that, we propose a methodology to experimentally evaluate robustness and physical unclonability. We finally achieve the main interesting property of the PUF system that is the trade-off between robustness and physical unclonability. \nAfter evaluating how good PUFs are, to address the second question, we try to connect PUFs to a secure system. For that, we focus on development of an anti-counterfeiting scheme based on Image-based PUFs and use formal cryptographic analysis to connect the security of the scheme to the evaluated properties of its underlying PUF.
Thermische Trennverfahren II (Absorption und Extraktion) (2009)

Destillation und Rektifi kation setzen voraus, dass die zu trennenden Stoffe sowohl als Flüs sigkeit als auch als Dampf vorliegen und dass ein ausreichender Unterschied in der Zusam mensetzung der Phasen erreicht werden kann.
Investigation of the backbone dynamics of the igg‐binding domain of streptococcal protein g by heteronuclear two‐dimensional 1H‐15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1994)

The backbone dynamics of the immunoglobulin-binding domain (B1) of streptococcal protein G, uniformly labeled with 15N, have been investigated by two-dimensional inverse detected heteronuclear 1H-15N NMR spectroscopy at 500 and 600 MHz. 15N T1, T2, and nuclear Overhauser enhancement data were obtained for all 55 backbone NH vectors of the B1 domain at both field strengths. The overall correlation time obtained from an analysis of the T1/T2 ratios was 3.3 ns at 26 degrees C. Overall, the B1 domain is a relatively rigid protein, consistent with the fact that over 95% of the residues participate in secondary structure, comprising a four-stranded sheet arranged in a -1, +3x, -1 topology, on top of which lies a single helix. Residues in the turns and loops connecting the elements of secondary structure tend to exhibit a higher degree of mobility on the picosecond time scale, as manifested by lower values of the overall order parameter. A number of residues at the ends of the secondary structure elements display two distinct internal motions that are faster than the overall rotational correlation time: one is fast (< 20 ps) and lies in the extreme narrowing limit, whereas the other is one to two orders of magnitude slower (1-3 ns) and lies outside the extreme narrowing limit. The slower motion can be explained by large-amplitude (20-40 degrees) jumps in the N-H vectors between states with well-defined orientations that are stabilized by hydrogen bonds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inhibition of NFAM1 suppresses phospho‐SAPK/JNK signaling during osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption (2021)

We have recently demonstrated NFAT activating protein with ITAM motif 1 (NFAM1) signaling increases osteoclast (OCL) formation/bone resorption associated with the Paget's disease of bone, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the NFAM1 regulation of OCL differentiation and bone resorption remains unclear. Here, we showed that RANK ligand stimulation enhances NFAM1 expression in preosteoclast cells. Conditioned media collected from RANKL stimulated RAW264.7 NFAM1 knockdown (KD) stable cells showed inhibition of interleukin-6 (2.5-fold), tumour necrosis factor-α (2.2-fold) and CXCL-5 (3-fold) levels compared to wild-type (WT) cells. Further, RANKL stimulation significantly increased p-STAT6 expression (5.5-fold) in WT cells, but no significant effect was observed in NFAM1-KD cells. However, no changes were detected in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 levels in either of cell groups. Interestingly, NFAM1-KD suppressed the RANKL stimulated c-fos, p-c-Jun and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity in preosteoclasts. We further showed that the suppression of JNK activity is through inhibition of p-SAPK/JNK in these cells. In addition, NFATc1 expression, a critical transcription factor associated with osteoclastogenesis is significantly inhibited in NFAM1-KD preosteoclast cells. Interestingly, NFAM1 inhibition suppressed the OCL differentiation and bone resorption capacity in mouse bone marrow cell cultures. We also demonstrated inhibition of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase expression in RANKL stimulated NFAM1-KD preosteoclast cells. Thus, our results suggest that NFAM1 control SAPK/JNK signaling to modulate osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.
Analysis of vocal tremor by empirical mode decomposition of speech cycle length time series (2012)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO 4‐DEMETHOXYDAUNOMYCINONE (1979)

Abstract Aus dem Silylolefin (I) entsteht der Enolester (II), der mit dem Chinon (III) zu einem Addukt (IV) führt.
27p-EA-1 The Study of Possibility of Finding a Reagent for Cancer Diagnosis by Urine NMR Measurement. (1987)

For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm.
Überwacht lernende Klassifikationsverfahren im Überblick, Teil 4 (Overview of Supervised learning Classification Methods, Part 4) (2004)

Article Überwacht lernende Klassifikationsverfahren im Überblick, Teil 4 (Overview of Supervised learning Classification Methods, Part 4) was published on August 1, 2004 in the journal at - Automatisierungstechnik (volume 52, issue 8).