gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
InvisiFence (2009)

A multiprocessor's memory consistency model imposes ordering constraints among loads, stores, atomic operations, and memory fences. Even for consistency models that relax ordering among loads and stores, ordering constraints still induce significant performance penalties due to atomic operations and memory ordering fences. Several prior proposals reduce the performance penalty of strongly ordered models using post-retirement speculation, but these designs either (1) maintain speculative state at a per-store granularity, causing storage requirements to grow proportionally to speculation depth, or (2) employ distributed global commit arbitration using unconventional chunk-based invalidation mechanisms. In this paper we propose InvisiFence, an approach for implementing memory ordering based on post-retirement speculation that avoids these concerns. InvisiFence leverages minimalistic mechanisms for post-retirement speculation proposed in other contexts to (1) track speculative state efficiently at block-granularity with dedicated storage requirements independent of speculation depth, (2) provide fast commit by avoiding explicit commit arbitration, and (3) operate under a conventional invalidation-based cache coherence protocol. InvisiFence supports both modes of operation found in prior work: speculating only when necessary to minimize the risk of rollback-inducing violations or speculating continuously to decouple consistency enforcement from the processor core. Overall, InvisiFence requires approximately one kilobyte of additional state to transform a conventional multiprocessor into one that provides performance-transparent memory ordering, fences, and atomic operations.
Restricted T-Cell Repertoire in the Epicardial Adipose Tissue of Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients (2022)

Our study revealed a unique immune signature of the epicardial adipose tissue, which led to a 3D modeling of the TCRBV/peptide/HLA-A3 complex, in acute coronary syndrome patients at their first event, paving the way for epitope-driven therapeutic strategies.
Constitutive Model of Solid Backfill Materials and Numerical Simulation of Overburden Movement and Deformation in Backfill Mining (2021)

Solid backfill mining is an efficient and environmental‐friendly coal mining technology, which can effectively solve the problems of coal gangue pollution, water resource loss, and surface subsidence. Based on the mechanical behavior of backfill materials in the compaction process, volume strain was used to express the deformation modulus, and a constitutive model of backfill materials was proposed in this study. The ABAQUS UMAT was used to develop the numerical calculation subroutine of the model. Finally, the rationality of the model was verified that simulated stress‐strain curves of the backfill materials during the compaction process agree well with experiments. Based on the proposed constitutive model, the influence of three factors (the initial compaction rate of the filling body, the mining height, and the mining depth) on the key strata and surface subsidence was analyzed systematically. The results show that the initial compaction rate and the height of coal seams have significant influences on surface subsidence. When the thickness of topsoil is only changed and the structural composition and lithology of overburden are not changed, the mining depth has little influence on surface subsidence, but a significant influence on surface subsidence range. The influence of mining height and mining depth on the deformation of key strata of overburden and surface subsidence is approximately linear, while the influence of the initial compaction rate is nonlinear.
Development of Low Temperature Oxidation Process Using Ozone For VlSI (2014)

With decreasing size of MOS transistor the thickness of gate oxide (SiO2) is reaching in regime where it is just 2-3 atomic layers thick about 1 to 1.5 nm thick because of thin oxide layers there is direct tunnelling of charge carriers through gate oxide, and the transport of charge carriers through defects in gate oxide. The increasing leakage current through gate oxide is proving to be a showstopper to the scaling of MOS transistor, and saturating the Moore's Law. For the applications, where the devices are need to be fabricated on plastic, glass or poly-crystalline silicon substrates a good quality of oxide is required to be grown at low temperatures. In this work a low temperature, defect free oxide growth technique using ozone is presented and we study the effect of various ambient temperatures on growth of SiO2, the effect of pre cleaning and passivation on quality of ozone grown oxide in terms of bulk defect density, Si-SiO2 interface trap charge density and on oxide life time is presented.
Virulence of South African Candida albicans strains isolated from different clinical samples (2014)

Candida albicans is a dimorphic opportunistic pathogenic yeast that is commonly isolated from different anatomical sites and clinical samples. It possesses several virulence factors, including secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, the ability to adhere to abiotic surfaces and cells, and the ability to penetrate tissues. We determined the level of in vitro expression of virulence factors by South African clinical C. albicans strains and the correlation among them. Furthermore, we determined whether there is a correlation between the levels of virulence factors expressed by a strain and the anatomical site from which it was isolated. The overall virulence of strains expressing different levels of these virulence factors in vitro was examined using a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) chicken embryo model of infection, with variations observed in the production of hydrolytic enzymes. Most strains were able to produce in vitro high levels of protease and phospholipase and medium levels of lipase. Using the quantitative agar invasion assay, most strains were found to be highly invasive. No relationships of virulence factors produced in vitro were observed, except for a weak negative correlation between protease activity and invasiveness, as well as protease activity and cell surface hydrophobicity. There was no indication that the in vitro differences in virulence factors were correlated with virulence in the CAM model. However, we found that the infection model is sensitive enough to distinguish different virulence levels of strains.
Circadian Time Structure of Cardiovascular Characteristics in Human Pregnancy (1993)

Conventional time-unspecified single measurements of blood pressure and heart rate may be misleading because they may be influenced, among other factors, by the patient's emotional state, position, diet, and external stimuli. All of these effects depend on the stages of a (mathematical) spectrum of rhythms and trends with age. The evaluation of predictable variability in blood pressure and heart rate by (a) the use of fully ambulatory devices, and (b) chronobiologic data processing, assesses early cardiovascular disease risk, e.g., in pregnancy. We have used this approach to quantify changes in 24-h synchronized (circadian) characteristics of cardiovascular variables in two consecutive pregnancies of a clinically healthy woman. Blood pressure and heart rate were automatically monitored, with few interruptions, at 1-h intervals, each time for at least 48 consecutive h, and for a total of 76 days of monitoring in each pregnancy. Circadian parameters of those circulatory variables were computed for each single day of measurement by the least-squares fit of a 24-h cosine curve. Regression analysis of parameters thus obtained revealed patterns of variation of circadian-rhythm-adjusted means and amplitudes with gestational age. In both pregnancies, the predictable variability of the circadian-rhythm-adjusted mean of blood pressure can be approximated by a second-order polynomial model on gestational age: a steady linear decrease in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure up to the 22nd week of pregnancy is followed by an increase in blood pressure up to the day of delivery. This longitudinal study confirms and extends to ambulatory everyday life conditions the predictable pregnancy-associated variability in blood pressure and heart rate and also allows the establishment of prediction and confidence limits for cardiovascular parameters in a healthy pregnancy.
Higher education: exploring productivity over time (2018)

Purpose Higher education plays a critical role in the health of the US national economy. At the same time, there are increasing concerns regarding the cost of higher education and the effectiveness with which universities are using their money. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to examine changes in higher education productivity over the past 15 years across a sample of more than 500 public universities spanning multiple Carnegie classifications. By utilizing measures generated by a commission of the National Education Council, however, attention is more finely focused on the specific costs and outputs related to instructional activity than previous studies. Design/methodology/approach This research utilizes the recommendations of the National Education Center committee to examine productivity changes in higher education over the past 14 years. To that end, the hypotheses put forth in this research utilize 15 years data of Institutional Primary Education Data, 549 institutions and 3 productivity measures to assess how productivity in higher education has changed between 2002 and 2015. Findings The results of the present research suggest that instructional activity (measured as multifactor productivity) has increased in all Carnegie classifications between 2002 and 2016. Research limitations/implications The present study, organized by Carnegie classification, does not specify the cost of increased instructional productivity. As noted, there are concerns regarding whether at least some of the choices a university might make to increase instructional productivity – such as increased class size and/or an increased use of non-tenure track faculty – could adversely influence the quality of instruction and/or diminish student learning. Further, this research does not examine the relationship between research productivity and increasing instructional productivity. Practical implications The present study does not address the bigger question of whether the increasing costs of higher education are justified, because universities produce much more than student credit hours. While, in an ideal world, these various outputs will complement one another and utilize at least some of the same resources, each has its own unique inputs and associated expenses. Given this, an overall assessment of the value or productivity of a university as a whole is a very difficult thing to determine and is well beyond the scope of a single study. Social implications The present study explicitly focuses on the instructional component of universities and relationship between output and inputs. Ultimately, providing a clearer picture of how instructional productivity in higher education has been increasing over the past 14 years. Originality/value This research is the only research of its kind to the best knowledge of the researchers.
Investigation of mechanical and micro structural properties of geopolymer concrete blended by dredged marine sand and manufactured sand under ambient curing conditions (2019)

Abstract Geopolymers, an unique class of inorganic polymers are new promising binders which are manufactured by the activation of a solid state alumina‐silicate with a highly alkaline activating solution using thermal drive. In the recent past, geopolymer binders have been found to be the best alternate to cement binders owing to its environmental sustainability (greener materials lead to cleaner environment). Further, its performance in aggressive environment is promising and these binders could become a replacement for cement concrete in aggressive situation where cement concrete turns to be vulnerable. In this paper, an attempt is made to investigate the mechanical and micro structural properties of geopolymer concrete produced using alternative fine aggregates namely dredged marine sand (DMS) and manufactured sand (M‐Sand) in the place of conventional scarce fine aggregate (river sand) under ambient curing conditions. All the tests namely compression, split tensile, flexural and micro structural evaluation have been performed by varying the percentage of DMS and M‐Sand. The experimental investigation followed by micro structural evaluation clearly indicate that DMS can very well be substituted in the place of scarce fine aggregate (river sand) under ambient curing conditions.
Inhaled diesel exhaust alters the allergen-induced bronchial secretome in humans (2018)

Diesel exhaust (DE) is a paradigm for traffic-related air pollution. Human adaptation to DE is poorly understood and currently based on oversimplified models. DE promotes allergic responses, but protein expression changes mediated by this interaction have not been systematically investigated. The aim of this study was to define the effect of inhaled DE on allergen-induced proteins in the lung.We performed a randomised and blinded controlled human crossover exposure study. Participants inhaled filtered air or DE; thereafter, contralateral lung segments were challenged with allergen or saline. Using label-free quantitative proteomics, we comprehensively defined DE-mediated alteration of allergen-driven secreted proteins (secretome) in bronchoalveolar lavage. We further examined expression of proteins selected from the secretome data in independent validation experiments using Western blots, ELISA and immunohistochemistry.We identified protein changes unique to co-exposure (DE+allergen), undetected with mono-exposures (DE or allergen alone). Validation studies confirmed that specific proteins (<i>e.g.</i> the antimicrobial peptide cystatin-SA) were significantly enhanced with DE+allergen compared to either mono-exposure.This study demonstrates that common environmental co-exposures can uniquely alter protein responses in the lungs, illuminating biology that mono-exposures cannot. This study highlights the value of complex human <i>in vivo</i> models in detailing airway responses to inhaled pollution.
S-Cis Diene Conformation: A New Bathochromic Shift Strategy for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Switchable Dye and the Imaging Applications (2018)

In this paper, we present a novel charge-free fluorescence-switchable near-infrared (IR) dye based on merocyanine for target specific imaging. In contrast to the typical bathochromic shift approach by extending π-conjugation, the bathochromic shift of our merocyanine dye to the near-IR region is due to an unusual S- cis diene conformer. This is the first example where a fluorescent dye adopts the stable S- cis conformation. In addition to the novel bathochromic shift mechanism, the dye exhibits fluorescence-switchable properties in response to polarity and viscosity. By incorporating a protein-specific ligand to the dye, the probes (for SNAP-tag and hCAII proteins) exhibited dramatic fluorescence increase (up to 300-fold) upon binding with its target protein. The large fluorescence enhancement, near-IR absorption/emission, and charge-free scaffold enabled no-wash and site-specific imaging of target proteins in living cells and in vivo with minimum background fluorescence. We believe that our unconventional approach for a near-IR dye with the S- cis diene conformation can lead to new strategies for the design of near-IR dyes.
CFD of mixing of multi‐phase flow in a bioreactor using population balance model (2016)

Mixing in bioreactors is known to be crucial for achieving efficient mass and heat transfer, both of which thereby impact not only growth of cells but also product quality. In a typical bioreactor, the rate of transport of oxygen from air is the limiting factor. While higher impeller speeds can enhance mixing, they can also cause severe cell damage. Hence, it is crucial to understand the hydrodynamics in a bioreactor to achieve optimal performance. This article presents a novel approach involving use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model the hydrodynamics of an aerated stirred bioreactor for production of a monoclonal antibody therapeutic via mammalian cell culture. This is achieved by estimating the volume averaged mass transfer coefficient (kL a) under varying conditions of the process parameters. The process parameters that have been examined include the impeller rotational speed and the flow rate of the incoming gas through the sparger inlet. To undermine the two-phase flow and turbulence, an Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase model and k-ε turbulence model have been used, respectively. These have further been coupled with population balance model to incorporate the various interphase interactions that lead to coalescence and breakage of bubbles. We have successfully demonstrated the utility of CFD as a tool to predict size distribution of bubbles as a function of process parameters and an efficient approach for obtaining optimized mixing conditions in the reactor. The proposed approach is significantly time and resource efficient when compared to the hit and trial, all experimental approach that is presently used. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:613-628, 2016.
Le réarrangement [1,2] de Wittig : contribution à l'étude de son mécanisme et de ses applications (2005)

The importance of catalysis in chemistry has not to be proved anymore. Be it homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis, the constant progresses observed in that field proves its obvious interest. The asymmetric homogeneous catalysis is a method of choice to synthesize chiral substances. Indeed, it allows the obtention of these compounds in an enantioselective way. During transition metal mediated catalytic asymmetric reactions, the chirality is induced by the presence of organic monodentate or bidentate chiral ligand, directly linked to the metal. Very good results were obtained in this kind of reaction with chiral ligands based on binaphthyl skeleton. Initially, this thesis work consisted in the study of the double [1,2] Wittig rearrangement of binaphthyl ethers. It was shown, for allyl carbanion, that only one diastereoisomer is formed during the rearrangement among the three possible one. This diastereoisomer has a C2 symmetry axis and the absolute configuration of the two new asymmetric centers created was assigned. On the other hand, for benzyl or benzhydril carbanions, the results are differents. For the former, the three possible diastereisomer are formed with the unsymmetrical one as the major compound. In the latter case, no rearrangement takes place and only starting material is recovered after neutralization of the reaction mixture. Then, the potential of double [1,2] Wittig rearrangements applied to allyl binaphthyl ethers was evaluate in order to synthesize homochiral compounds usable in asymmetric homogeneous catalysis. It was shown that this transformation could be used to give access to the enantiopur acid 1,1'-binaphtyl-2,2'-dicarboxylic which finds applications in the field of the asymmetric catalysis. The high diastereoselectivity observed during this double rearrangement allowed to develop the kinetic resolution of the binaphthyl skeleton by means of the asymmetric epoxidation according to the conditions described by K.B Sharpless and T Katsuki. Finally, taking profit of the high diastereoselectivity already mentioned, it was possible to elaborate out a new phosphorus ligand whose stereoinduction capacity was evaluated for catalytic asymmetric hydrosilylation.
ŠTÁTNE INTERVENCIE A TRH PRIVATE EQUITY V STREDNEJ A VÝCHODNEJ EURÓPE (2012)

PĂ´vodnĂŠ chĂĄpanie termĂ­nu rizikovĂ˝ kapitĂĄl sa postupom Äasu rozĹĄĂ­rilo. Potvrdzuje to vĂ˝znamnĂ˝ poÄet fondov v EurĂłpe a USA, ktorĂŠ boli ĹĄpecializovanĂŠ vĂ˝luÄne na investovanie do poÄiatoÄnĂŠho rozvoja. Diverzifikovali svoje investĂ­cie a predmet svojej Äinnosti rozĹĄĂ­rili na celĂ˝ okruh rizikovĂ˝ch investĂ­ciĂ­ alebo sa zameriavali len na rozvojovĂŠ financovanie. Zmena obsahu pojmu rizikovĂ˝ kapitĂĄl vlastne symbolizovala rozdelenie trhu rizikovĂŠho kapitĂĄlu na dve Äasti: trh klasickĂŠho rizikovĂŠho kapitĂĄlu a trh rozvojovĂŠho kapitĂĄlu. RizikovĂ˝ kapitĂĄl predstavuje investĂ­ciu do zĂĄkladnĂŠho imania podniku, ktorĂ˝ nemĂĄ Ĺžiadnu histĂłriu. CieÄžom rozvojovĂŠho kapitĂĄlu je financovaĹĽ rĂ˝chly rast a realizĂĄciu inovatĂ­vnych zĂĄmerov podnikov s histĂłriou, ktorĂŠ nemajĂş dostatok kapitĂĄlu. PrĂ­spevok prezentuje rĂ´zne nĂĄzory o ĹĄtĂĄtnych intervenciĂĄch na trhu private equity. VĂ˝znamnĂĄ pozornosĹĽ je venovanĂĄ predpokladom vĂ˝voja formĂĄlneho trhu private equity v strednej a vĂ˝chodnej EurĂłpe. BudĂşci rozvoj trhu private equity v krajinĂĄch danĂŠho regiĂłnu zĂĄvisĂ­ od miery dosahov globĂĄlnej recesie a od predpokladov efektĂ­vneho fungovania trhu. ZnaÄnĂ˝ objem nazhromaĹždenĂŠho kapitĂĄlu pred krĂ­zou eĹĄte len ÄakĂĄ na investovanie, a preto nemĂ´Ĺžeme v sĂşÄasnom obdobĂ­ oÄakĂĄvaĹĽ drastickĂş recesiu trhu rizikovĂŠho kapitĂĄlu v ĹĄtĂĄtoch analyzovanĂŠho regiĂłnu.
Chemokines and chemokine receptors in multiple sclerosis. Potential targets for new therapies (2006)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the human central nervous system of a still unknown etiology. The autoimmune inflammatory process is believed to be essential for the development of the disease. Several different studies have shown that chemokines and chemokine receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of MS. Chemokines can mediate the trafficking of immune cells across the blood-brain barrier, and regulate their transfer to lesion sites. Chemokines were detected in actively demyelinating lesions and were found to be elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with MS during relapse. Different pairs of chemokine receptors and their ligands seem to play a pathogenic role in MS (e.g., CXCR3 and CXCL9, CXCL10; CCR1 and CCL3, CCL4, CCL5; CCR2 and CCL2; CCR5 and CCL3, CCL4, CCL5). Interfering with the chemokine system may be an effective therapeutic approach in MS. In this review we briefly summarize the results of the previous studies and identify the most important findings in the field.
A Cytosolic Iron Chaperone That Delivers Iron to Ferritin (2008)

Ferritins are the main iron storage proteins found in animals, plants, and bacteria. The capacity to store iron in ferritin is essential for life in mammals, but the mechanism by which cytosolic iron is delivered to ferritin is unknown. Human ferritins expressed in yeast contain little iron. Human poly (rC)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) increased the amount of iron loaded into ferritin when expressed in yeast. PCBP1 bound to ferritin in vivo and bound iron and facilitated iron loading into ferritin in vitro. Depletion of PCBP1 in human cells inhibited ferritin iron loading and increased cytosolic iron pools. Thus, PCBP1 can function as a cytosolic iron chaperone in the delivery of iron to ferritin.