gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A plasma-optical System modelled using particles (1987)

A ‘particle’ model of plasma behaviour, suitable for application to the study of plasma-optical Systems, has been developed. A plasma-optical System which removes macroscopic droplets from a neutralized beam of ions and electrons, produced by an arc, has been modelled and its performance has been analysed. The particle model employs an extremely efficient treatment of the electron motion through a background gas, which in this case consists of neutral particles. The distribution of distances travelled by electrons in the course of many collisions with the neutral background is generated using a Monte Carlo method and samples from the distribution are used to determine the electron motion at each integration step. In sheath regions, for instance, direct integration is still necessary, but for most electrons the simulation is very fast, largely removing the numerical ‘stiffness’ of the particle method. This method will be equally effective for time-dependent fields such as occur in RF discharges used in ‘plasma processing’. The variation in ion current to a substrate, where the ions deposit as a thin film, has been studied. The objective is to maximize the deposition rate whilst preventing macroscopic particles which arise at the are from striking the film. An alternative System whose calculated transmittal rate from source to target is higher, for long mean-free-paths, is also examined.
Jan 2000 European Trip report: THISL and RESPITE (2000)

A report from meetings of the THISL (Thematic Indexing of Spoken Language) and RESPITE (Recognizing Speech by Partial Info. Techs.) European speech retrieval and recognition projects.
Characterization of Vadose Zone Sediment: Borehole 41-09-39 in the S-SX Waste Management Area (2002)

The geology under the SX Tank Farm forms the framework through which the contaminants move and provides the basis with which to interpret and extrapolate the physical and geochemical properties that control the migration and distribution of contaminants. Of particular interest are the interrelationships between the coarser and finer-grained facies and the degree of contrast in their physical and geochemical properties. The vertical distribution of cesium-137, based on borehole gamma logging and the laboratory analysis of the sediment at borehole 41-09-39, suggest that much of the tank fluid that leaked from tanks SX-108, SX-109, SX-111, and SX-112 traveled within the coarse-grained Hanford formation H1 unit that is found between 67 and 88 feet below ground surface (bgs) at borehole 41-09-39. It is difficult to differentiate the known moisture content relationship with particle size (finer-grained material retains higher moisture contents) from excess moisture from leaked fluid. Thus, moisture content distribution did not give us a clear indication of the vertical extent of the plume. However, moisture content does help identify intervals that have been impacted by drilling operations. The pH values are not nearly as high as would be expected for tank liquor completely saturating sediment. Therefore, it would appear that the significant pH reactions occur from the tank bottoms at ~55 feet to a maximum of 90 feet bgs for sediment surrounding the tanks. We have identified common ion exchange and heterogeneous (solid phase-liquid solute) redox reactions as two mechanisms that are influencing the distribution of contaminants in the vadose zone sediment within the zone impacted by tank liquor. We did not observe significant indications of pH alteration of the sediment mineralogy or porosity but we did observe slightly elevated pH values between 55 to 90 feet bgs.
The Presence of Nicotine on Root Surfaces of Periodontally Diseased Teeth in Smokers (1989)

There is a growing body of scientific evidence to support the concept that the use of tobacco products significantly contributes to the progression of periodontal disease or is detrimental to healing following periodontal therapy. Several studies have shown toxic effects of nicotine on peripheral circulation and the immune response. The purpose of the present study was to identify and compare the quantity of nicotine present on root planed and nonroot planed surfaces of teeth from smokers. Twenty-nine single-rooted teeth from 11 smokers were extracted, brushed clean, and the roots sectioned longitudinally. The respective halves were either left untreated (Group A) or thoroughly root planed (Group B). Pulpal tissue was removed and the individual root sections weighed. Each half was extracted for nicotine using a methylene chloride technique. Quantification was performed using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the sections compared on a nicotine per root weight basis. Results showed a greater amount of nicotine present on non-root planed sections than on treated sections, although some treated specimens revealed small amounts of the substance. These findings suggest that nicotine is present on the root surface but is largely removed by thorough root planing. Its presence is not surprising in light of the recent finding that nicotine and cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine, are found in gingival crevicular fluid. Recent studies have shown a particularly harmful effect of nicotine on fibroblasts. Its presence on root surfaces may, therefore, impair wound healing and alter the host response in periodontal disease. The use of tobacco products in conjunction with periodontal therapy may interfere with optimal healing and/or lead to further periodontal breakdown.
Visualising Structured Compound Data in an Unstructured Way (2011)

properties presents a picture from which a chemist can consider the relationships between compounds and the effect structural changes may have on properties. Such a view may stimulate ideas, facilitate discussions, say in a group setting, and trigger ‘why questions’ more readily than a spreadsheet or a form view. The view can be panned and scaled to investigate relationships between larger groups of compounds.
A novel PD-L1-targeted shark V NAR single domain-based CAR-T strategy for treating breast cancer and liver cancer (2021)

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy shows great potency against hematological malignancies, whereas it remains difficult to treat solid tumors mainly due to lack of appropriate antigenic targets and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Checkpoint molecule PD-L1 is widely overexpressed on multiple tumor types, and the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction is a key mediator of immunosuppression in TME. Here, we isolated anti-PD-L1 single domain antibodies from a newly constructed semi-synthetic nurse shark V NAR phage library. We found that one V NAR , B2, showed cross-reactivity to human, mouse, and canine PD-L1 antigens, and it partially blocked the interaction of human PD-1 to PD-L1. Furthermore, CAR (B2) T cells specifically lysed human breast cancer and liver cancer cells by targeting constitutive and inducible expression of PD-L1, and also hindered tumor metastasis. Importantly, the combination of CAR (B2) T cells with CAR-T cells targeting liver cancer-specific antigen GPC3 regress liver tumors in mice. We concluded that PD-L1-targeted shark V NAR single domain-based CAR-T therapy is a novel strategy to treat breast cancer and liver cancer. This provides a rationale for potential use of CAR (B2) T cells as a monotherapy or combination with a tumor-specific therapy in clinical studies.
Friction of soft elastomeric wrinkled surfaces (2009)

We evaluate the sliding of a rigid spherical lens over a surface-wrinkled, elastomeric substrate. Sliding is conducted both parallel and perpendicular to the aligned surface wrinkles, and the sliding force is compared to the required sliding forces on nonwrinkled surfaces. We evaluate the effects of wrinkle dimensions and applied normal force on the sliding resistance. A simple Bowden–Tabor friction model can describe the dependence of the sliding force on normal load, with different coefficients of friction associated with the nonwrinkled and wrinkled surfaces both perpendicular and parallel. The aspect ratio of the wrinkles has a secondary effect on the sliding force. We associate the changes in friction to changes in the tangential stiffness and fracture angle caused by the surface wrinkles.
The Loss of E-cadherin is Associated with the Epigenetic Alteration of CDH1 in Breast Cancer and it is also Associated with an Abnormal β-catenin Expression in Lobular Carcinoma (2009)

Background : APC and E-cadherin are the key molecules in the Wnt/ -catenin pathway. We attempted to define the epigenetic alteration of APC and CDH1 (the E-cadherin gene) and the expression of Wnt-related molecules in human mammary carcinomas. Methods : Sixtyfour mammary carcinomas, including 52 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) and 12 invasive lobular carcinomas (ILCs), were evaluated using methylation-specific PCR and immunohistochemistry. We performed immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin, -catenin, APC, Wnt1, cyclin D1, ER, PR and C-erb B2. Results : Hypermethylation of APC and CDH1 was observed in 38 (59%) and 28 (44%) cases, respectively. CDH1 hypermethylation in ILCs was increased compared to that in IDCs (p=0.002) and it was associated with the loss of E-cadherin (p=0.02) and -catenin (p=0.042). APC methylation was positively correlated with the ER expression (p=0.021). Abnormal cytoplasmic localization of -catenin was found in 10 cases and any expression was not detected in six cases. In ILCs, the E-cadherin or -catenin expression was markedly decreased compared to that in IDCs (p<0.001 in both). Conclusions : Methylation of APC or CDH1 was relatively frequent in mammary carcinomas. The loss of E-cadherin in mammary carcinoma was associated with CDH1 methylation, and abnormal -catenin expression was related to the loss of E-cadherin in ILC.
Improving unsupervised stain-to-stain translation using self-supervision and meta-learning (2022)

Our study suggests that with current unsupervised technologies, it seems unlikely to produce "generally" applicable simulated stains.
Figure S3 from RNF6 Promotes Colorectal Cancer by Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway via Ubiquitination of TLE3 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RNF6 depletion arrests cell cycle progression, increases cell apoptosis and inhibits tumor migration.&lt;/p&gt;
Invited Paper: Detailed optical characteristics of multi‐layer optical film polarization beam splitter (2007)

Abstract— 3M polarization beam splitter (PBS) technology has been shown to be the most light‐efficient solution currently available for use in LCOS projection. It also provides short back focal length, very high contrast, and extremely uniform dark states without the use of lead‐glass prisms. Recent improvements in contrast performance, increased understanding of the effects of pupil shape and size on contrast, effects of temperature on optical performance, and improved photostability are reported. New light‐engine architectures employing the 3M PBSs with associated light budget analyses are suggested.
Dual-Frequency Dual-Sense Circularly-Polarized Slot Antenna Fed by Microstrip Line (2008)

A new design of a dual-frequency dual circularly-polarized slot antenna is presented. The dual-frequency is achieved using a single-layer microstrip-fed configuration coupled to a modified annular-slot antenna. The dual sense circular-polarization is obtained by four unequal linear slots which augment the annular slot. Experimental results show the proposed antenna has good circular polarization characteristics for both right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP). The 10 dB return loss impedance bandwidths for the lower (RHCP) and higher (LHCP) bands are 26.7% and 11.3%, respectively. The 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidths are 6.1% and 6.0% with respect to 1.5 GHz (RHCP) and 2.6 GHz (LHCP), respectively.
Infrared and microwave investigations of interconversion tunneling in the acetylene dimer (1988)

A sub-Doppler infrared spectrum of (HCCH)2 has been obtained in the region of the acetylene C–H stretching fundamental using an optothermal molecular-beam color-center laser spectrometer. Microwave spectra were obtained for the ground vibrational state using a pulsed-nozzle Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. In the infrared spectrum, both a parallel and perpendicular band are observed with the parallel band being previously assigned to a T-shaped C2v complex by Prichard, Nandi, and Muenter and the perpendicular band to a C2h complex by Bryant, Eggers, and Watts. The parallel band exhibits three Ka=0 and three asymmetry-doubled Ka=1 series. The transitions show a clear intensity alternation with Kc with two of the Ka=0 series missing every other line. In addition, the perpendicular band has the same ground-state combination differences as the parallel band. To explain these apparent anomalies in the spectrum, we invoke a model consisting of a T-shaped complex with interconversion tunneling between four isoenergetic hydrogen-bonded minima. In this picture, the parallel and perpendicular bands arise from excitation of the acetylene units parallel and perpendicular to the hydrogen bond. The observation of rotation–inversion transitions in the microwave spectrum, in addition to the pure rotation transitions of Prichard, Nandi, and Muenter, verifies the model. The measured microwave splittings yield a tunneling frequency of 2.2 GHz which is consistent with a ∼33 cm−1 barrier separating the four minima.
Enzyme-Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles as Sensitive Labels in Biosensing (2009)

A novel strategy for sensitive detection of biomarkers using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-functionalized silica nanoparticles as the label is presented. The enzyme-functionalized silica nanoparticles were fabricated by coimmobilization of HRP and alpha-fetoprotein antibody (anti-AFP, the secondary antibody, Ab2), a model protein, onto the surface of SiO(2) nanoparticles using gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPMS) as the linkage. Through "sandwiched" immunoreaction, the enzyme-functionalized silica nanoparticle labels were brought close to the surface of gold substrates, as confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Enhanced detection sensitivity was achieved where the large surface area of SiO(2) nanoparticle carriers increased the amount of HRP bound per sandwiched immunoreaction. The electrochemical and chemiluminescence measurement showed 29.5- and 61-fold increases in detection signals, respectively, in comparison with the traditional sandwich immunoassay. The improved particle synthesis using a "seed-particle growth" route yielded particles of narrow size distribution, which allowed consistent loading of HRP and anti-AFP on each microsphere and ensured subsequent immunosensing possessed high sensitivity and reproducibility. This strategy was successfully demonstrated as a simple, cost-effective, specific, and potent method to detect AFP in practical samples.
Unified Description of Ultrafast Excited State Decay Processes in Epigenetic Deoxycytidine Derivatives (2021)

Epigenetic DNA modifications play a fundamental role in modulating gene expression and regulating cellular and developmental biological processes, thereby forming a second layer of information in DNA. The epigenetic 2'-deoxycytidine modification 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine, together with its enzymatic oxidation products (5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine, 5-formyl-2'-deoxycytidine, and 5-carboxyl-2'-deoxycytidine), are closely related to deactivation and reactivation of DNA transcription. Here, we combine sub-30-fs transient absorption spectroscopy with high-level correlated multiconfigurational CASPT2/MM computational methods, explicitly including the solvent, to obtain a unified picture of the photophysics of deoxycytidine-derived epigenetic DNA nucleosides. We assign all the observed time constants and identify the excited state relaxation pathways, including the competition of intersystem crossing and internal conversion for 5-formyl-2'-deoxycytidine and ballistic decay to the ground state for 5-carboxy-2'-deoxycytidine. Our work contributes to shed light on the role of epigenetic derivatives in DNA photodamage as well as on their possible therapeutic use.
Carotenoids and Their Geometry Isomers in Selected Tropical Fruits (2013)

This study determined the carotenoids content in cherry tomato, pink guava, and red grapefruit pulps and juices. Cherry tomato pulp exhibited the highest -carotene content whereas pink guava pulp had the highest lycopene content. However, -carotene and lycopene contents in the studied fruit juices were lower than their pulps in the same sample portion. Interestingly, six to twelve cis-isomers of carotenoids were identified in the fruit pulps and juices studied. A higher number of trace amounts of cis-carotenoids was found in fruit pulps as compared to juices. Therefore, consumption of whole fruit is recommended as the studied fruit juices have lower carotenoids content.
Swaying of trees as caused by wind: analysis of field measurements. (1993)

Measurements of wind and subsequent swaying of two Scots pines ( L.) were made at stand edge conditions. The horizontal windspeed was measured ten meters outside of the stand edge for four heights using cup anemometers. The compass directions were determined using a directional vane placed above the canopy. Tree swaying was measured by accelerometers at xy-coordinates. The shape of the wind profile at the stand edge varied to some degree depending on windspeed, but the form was a logarithmic one. Swaying of trees increased along with increasing windspeed. Furthermore, swaying was more or less irregular in relation to xy-coordinates, but it occurred, however, mainly perpendicularly to the direction of mean windspeed. The maximum bending of trees to the direction of mean windspeed varied also only little for various gusting windspeeds (average windspeed of 20 seconds) and dynamic wind loads. The maximum bending of trees was also in most cases less or equal to those predicted on the basis of static wind loads, when the mean windspeed for static load is taken as equal to the gusting windspeed.Pinus sylvestris
Induction of HLA-B27 heavy chain homodimer formation after activation in dendritic cells (2008)

We have demonstrated that HLA-B27 heavy-chain homodimer formation can be induced by dendritic cell activation, implying that these novel structures may not be displayed to the immune system at all times. Our data suggests that the behaviour of HLA-B27 on dendritic cells may be important in the study of inflammatory arthritis.
Inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase by orobol. (1994)

There is growing evidence that oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL), the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein in human, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atheroscler-osis1^. Monocyte-derived macrophages avidly ingest oxidized LDL,but not native LDL, and accumulate large amount of cholesteryl esters, thereby being
The Efficacy of P2Y12 Reactive Unit to Predict the Periprocedural Thromboembolic and Hemorrhagic Complications According to Clopidogrel Responsiveness and Safety of Modification of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy : A Meta-Analysis (2019)

The efficacy of P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) of VerifyNow still remains as a controversial issue in neurointervention. So we investigated the usefulness of PRU of VerifyNow to predict the peri-procedural thromboembolic events (TE) and hemorrhagic events (HE). And we evaluated the safety of modified dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) or triple antiplatelet therapy (TAPT) for clopidogrel hyporesponders. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and Scopus on August 19 2018. Data was collected the 1) incidence of TE between clopidogrel responder and clopidogrel hypo-responder, 2) incidence of HE between clopidogrel hyper-responder and clopidogrel responder and hypo-responder, and 3) incidence of TE and HE between modified DAPT or TAPT and standard DAPT in clopidogrel hypo-responder. High cut-off value of PRU was defined as PRU >40% or <220. Fifteen studies were enrolled. Clopidogrel responder showed lower incidence of TE than hypo-responder (risk ratio [RR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.61; p<0.001). With the high cut-off value of PRU, clopidogrel responder showed more lower incidence of TE than hypo-responder (RR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02-0.45; p=0.002). The incidence of periprocedural HE have higher on clopidogrel hyper-responder than clopidogrel responder and hypo-responder (RR, 4.26; 95% CI, 1.10-16.44; p=0.04; I2=66%). The incidence of periprocedural TE after changing regimen of DAPT for clopidogrel hypo-responder have a tendency to reduce, but there was no significant difference between modified DAPT or TAPT group and standard DAPT group (p>0.05). The incidence of periprocedural HE after changing regimen of DAPT for clopidogrel hypo-responder was no significant difference between modified DAPT or TAPT group and standard DAPT group (p>0.05). PRU is a useful tool as a predictor of peri-procedural TE or HE on neurointervention. PRU has a threshold effect of cut-off value to predict the peri-procedural TE. Modified DAPT or TAPT to prevent TE in clopidogrel hypo-responders could not reduce the incidence of TE. We should investigate the further research about modification of regiment on neurointervention.
Quantifying and Interpreting the Prediction Accuracy of Models for the Time of a Cardiovascular Event—Moving Beyond C Statistic (2023)

This article enhances our understanding of the model selection/evaluation process with respect to prediction accuracy. A simple, intuitive measure for quantifying such accuracy beyond C statistics can improve the reliability and efficiency of the selected model for personalized and stratified medicine.
The Potential Impact of Up-Front Drug Sensitivity Testing on India’s Epidemic of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (2015)

We find that widespread, public-sector deployment of high-sensitivity diagnostic testing and universal DST appropriately linked with treatment could substantially impact MDR-TB in India. Achieving 75% access over 3 years amongst all cases being diagnosed for TB in the public sector alone could avert over 180,000 cases of MDR-TB (95% CI 44187 - 317077 cases) between 2015 and 2025. Sufficiently wide deployment of Xpert could, moreover, turn an increasing MDR epidemic into a diminishing one. Synergistic effects were observed with assumptions of simultaneously improving MDR-TB treatment outcomes. Our results illustrate the potential impact of new and emerging technologies that enable widespread, timely DST, and the important effect that universal rapid DST in the public sector can have on the MDR-TB epidemic in India.