gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Compounds of Octahydroheptaprenyl Mycolic Acyl Ester and Monocyclic C35-Terpene, Heptaprenylcycline B, from Non-PathogenicMycobacteriumSpecies (2010)

A search for C(35)-terpenes from non-saponified extracts of 12 non-pathogenic Mycobacterium species was carried out. Octahydroheptaprenyl mycolic acyl esters were isolated from M. chlorophenolicum cells which were also found from M. thermoresistibile, M. vanbaalenii, M. aichiense, M. smegmatis, and M. parafortuitum. This is the first report on a polyprenol esterified by a mycolate. A novel monocyclic C(35)-terpene possessing a ketone, named heptaprenylcycline B, was isolated, which was detected from M. chlorophenolicum and M. vanbaalenii. The biosynthetic pathway to heptaprenylcycline B was investigated with ancymidol which acts as an inhibitor of a P450 monooxygenase. This experiment suggested that the P450 monooxygenase may be responsible for the production of heptaprenylcycline B.
Singularity-free Aerial Deformation by Two-dimensional Multilinked Aerial Robot with 1-DoF Vectorable Propeller (2021)

Two-dimensional multilinked structures can benefit aerial robots in both maneuvering and manipulation because of their deformation ability. However, certain types of singular forms must be avoided during deformation. Hence, an additional 1 Degrees-of-Freedom (DoF) vectorable propeller is employed in this work to overcome singular forms by properly changing the thrust direction. In this paper, we first extend modeling and control methods from our previous works for an under-actuated model whose thrust forces are not unidirectional. We then propose a planning method for the vectoring angles to solve the singularity by maximizing the controllability under arbitrary robot forms. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methods by experiments where a quad-type model is used to perform trajectory tracking under challenging forms, such as a line-shape form, and the deformation passing these challenging forms.
Dielectric permittivity and scattering measurements of Greenland firn at 26.5-40 GHz (1994)

Three blocks of snow approximately 33 cm on each side were harvested from the Greenland ice sheet at depths ranging from 0.3 to 2.7 m below the surface and brought back to the lab. A step frequency radar operated from 26.5 to 40.0 GHz was used to measure the wave velocity through the snow in three orthogonal directions. From these measurements, the relative permittivity was calculated; it varied with density from 1.69 to 1.91 and agreed well with other measurements on terrestrial snow. It was also found that the permittivity of the two deeper firn blocks was anisotropic by 4-7%. This anisotropy is explained by the elongation of the snow grains in the vertical direction. Extinction losses of about 5 dB/m were estimated by measuring the change in amplitude of signals propagating through the blocks. Although the estimated losses were highly variable, a minimum penetration depth of 87 cm into the firn was computed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparison of the Different Techniques to Remove Fractured Endodontic Instruments from Root Canal Systems (2009)

Location of the fragment and the shape of the root canal influence the success of fractured instrument management. Ultrasonics under the visualization of an operating microscope was found to be an effective removal method.
An Active Compensation System for the Temperature Dependence of SiPM Gain (2015)

Silicon photo-multiplier (SiPM) gain drifts due to temperature variations and this issue can be a source of relevant errors, for instance when the application requires high accuracy in the evaluation of the photopeak position, especially at low signal levels. In this paper we describe a compensation system that exploits a SiPM as temperature sensor and is able to keep the detector gain constant by means of fine adjustment of its bias voltage. The system is based on a feedback loop which measures the average amplitude of the dark pulses generated by the detector and compares it with a fixed reference, thus automatically correcting the device bias voltage and achieving constant amplitude of the dark pulses in presence of temperature variations. The same bias correction can be also applied to compensate the gain fluctuations of a SiPM not involved in the feedback loop, characterized by the same temperature dependence. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of the compensation system: for the SiPM used in the measurements, considering a temperature span of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C, the system is able to reduce the corresponding variation of the dark pulse amplitude from about 22% to only 0.78%.
Auswahl der Lösungsmittel‐Systeme bei der Umkehrphasen‐Säulenchromatographie von Gemischen der geradkettigen C10‐ bis C20‐gesättigten Monocarbonsäuren (1966)

Abstract Zur Trennung von normalen, geradzahligen, gesättigten Monocarbonsäuren (C 10 —C 20 ) mit Hilfe der Umkehrphasen‐Chromatographie werden verschiedene Lösungsmittel‐Systeme untersucht. Die Anwendung von zwei ternären und einem quaternären Lösungsmittel‐System wird geprüft. Die bei Einhaltung definierter Bedingungen in der Anfangs‐Zusammensetzung des Systems gefundenen Ergebnisse werden mitgeteilt.
GASP: A computer code for calculating the thermodynamic and transport properties for ten fluids: Parahydrogen, helium, neon, methane, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, oxygen, fluorine, argon, and carbon dioxide (1975)

A FORTRAN IV subprogram called GASP is discussed which calculates the thermodynamic and transport properties for 10 pure fluids: parahydrogen, helium, neon, methane, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, oxygen, fluorine, argon, and carbon dioxide. The pressure range is generally from 0.1 to 400 atmospheres (to 100 atm for helium and to 1000 atm for hydrogen). The temperature ranges are from the triple point to 300 K for neon; to 500 K for carbon monoxide, oxygen, and fluorine; to 600 K for methane and nitrogen; to 1000 K for argon and carbon dioxide; to 2000 K for hydrogen; and from 6 to 500 K for helium. GASP accepts any two of pressure, temperature and density as input conditions along with pressure, and either entropy or enthalpy. The properties available in any combination as output include temperature, density, pressure, entropy, enthalpy, specific heats, sonic velocity, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and surface tension. The subprogram design is modular so that the user can choose only those subroutines necessary to the calculations.
PORE STRUCTURES OF COMPACTED SOILS (1992)

粒度組成の異なる12種類の試料について締固め試験を実施し, 乾燥側, 最適含水比付近, 湿潤側での締固め試料について, それぞれ間隙径分を測定し, 粒度組成や含水比状態に起する間隙構造の相違について考察を試みている. また土の透水性は間隙構造に支配されることから, 含水比に伴う透水係数と間隙構造の推移とを対比させ, 締固め土の透水性について微視的に検討を加えている.
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Systemic Effects of Flunisolide after Inhalation (1997)

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of flunisolide were studied in healthy volunteers after inhalation. In the morning on the day the study began, volunteers inhaled 0.5 mg of flunisolide with and without oral administration of charcoal, or 1 mg, 2 mg, and 3 mg of flunisolide with concomitant administration of charcoal. A placebo group was used to assess the endogenous cortisol, granulocyte, and lymphocyte baseline levels. Flunisolide plasma levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using a tandem mass spectrometer as detector (HPLC/MS/MS). Cortisol plasma levels and differential white blood cell counts were obtained over 12 hours. An integrated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model was applied to link the flunisolide plasma concentrations with the effects on lymphocytes, granulocytes, and cortisol. Maximum concentration levels of 3 to 9 ng/mL of flunisolide were observed after 0.2 to 0.3 hours for all of the investigated doses. The terminal half-life ranged from 1.3 to 1.7 hours. There was no statistical difference between treatments in the presence or absence of orally administered charcoal. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models satisfactorily described the time-courses of the effects on granulocytes, lymphocytes, and cortisol suppression. The resulting E50-values (concentrations to induce 50% of the maximum effect) concurred with the reported values of in vitro receptor binding affinities. The duration of the systemic effects were short because of the short half-life of the drug. Cumulative cortisol suppression increased with dose administration and ranged from 20% to 36%. The PK/PD simulations resulted in a smaller degree of cortisol suppression for the drug administered at 10 PM. The cumulative change from baseline was slightly smaller for the effects on granulocytes and lymphocytes than those on cortisol. This information promotes the comparison with other inhaled glucocorticoids.
Dynamics of band-edge photonic crystal lasers (2009)

Temporal characteristics of band-edge photonic crystal are precisely analyzed using a high-resolution up-conversion system. The InGaAs/InP photonic crystal laser operates at room temperature at 1.55 &mu;m and turn on times ranging from 17ps to 30ps are measured.
<title>Performance of new overlay measurement mark</title> (1996)

The lithography technology for sub 0.25 micron requires new technology to cope with the resolution limit and line width variations due to interference effects and reflections over topography as well as precise overlay accuracy. The high density deices such as 256M DRAM and 1G DRAM require still tighter overlay accuracy. At the same time, the number of overlay measurement steps are even more increased. For example, in the case of 256M DRAM, there are more than 30 overlay measurement marks and 20 making steps. In this paper, new overlay measurement marks (NOMM) are suggested, because this will result in improving not only the overlay process and yield, but also the simplicity of the measurement steps. The function of NOMM is very useful in measuring overlap accuracy among the three circuit patterns simultaneously. Finally, the NOMM implements performance in terms of high speed data analysis and economy of space on the scribe lines. In addition, NOMM can achieve superior execution in the overlay process with still higher accuracy by utilizing optimized overlay mark type.
Introduction to “In Anticipation: Eschatology and Transcendence in Contemporary Contexts” (2017)

Although it is difficult to pinpoint when the so-called theological turn in Continental philosophy began in the 20th century, it is fair to consider as a working origin that Martin Heidegger’s critique of metaphysics and his questioning of the forgetfulness of Being touched a nerve within both philosophical and theological discourses.[...]
Phylogenomic and biogeographic reconstruction of the Trichinella complex (2016)

Trichinellosis is a globally important food-borne parasitic disease of humans caused by roundworms of the Trichinella complex. Extensive biological diversity is reflected in substantial ecological and genetic variability within and among Trichinella taxa, and major controversy surrounds the systematics of this complex. Here we report the sequencing and assembly of 16 draft genomes representing all 12 recognized Trichinella species and genotypes, define protein-coding gene sets and assess genetic differences among these taxa. Using thousands of shared single-copy orthologous gene sequences, we fully reconstruct, for the first time, a phylogeny and biogeography for the Trichinella complex, and show that encapsulated and non-encapsulated Trichinella taxa diverged from their most recent common ancestor ∼21 million years ago (mya), with taxon diversifications commencing ∼10-7 mya.
Formation of 8‐nitroguanine in DNA treated with peroxynitrite in vitro and its rapid removal from DNA by depurination (1995)

Peroxynitrite is a strong oxidant formed by reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide in inflamed tissues. We have demonstrated that 8-nitroguanine is formed dose-dependently in calf thymus DNA incubated with low concentrations of peroxynitrite in vitro. 8-Nitroguanine in acid-hydrolyzed DNA was chemically reduced into 8-aminoguanine, which was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Only peroxynitrite, but not nitrite, tetranitromethane nor NO-releasing compounds, formed 8-nitroguanine. Antioxidants and desferrioxamine inhibited the reaction. 8-Nitroguanine was depurinated from DNA incubated at pH 7.4, 37 degrees C (t1/2 = approximately 4 h). Peroxynitrite did not increase 8-oxoguanine levels in DNA.
An Approximate Relation Between Elastic Moduli and Thermal Expansivities (1963)

A large number of polycrystalline and amorphous materials ranging from pure metals to glassy polymers have been found to obey the relations α2E=150 [dyn cm−2°K−2]s at normal temperatures. The linear coefficient of expansion is denoted by α, Young's modulus by E, and s is a dimensionless spread factor (0.5&amp;lt;s&amp;lt;2). The spread of about ±0.3 decade is small compared to the three-decade range of E covered by the data. Notable exceptions to the relation are certain alloys, some inorganic glasses, cellular materials (e.g., wood), granular materials (e.g., cement), and rubbery materials. The variations with temperature of α, E, and heat capacity Cp are compared for representative materials and implications of the α2E relation are discussed. An empirical approach in which generalized Grüneisen numbers are utilized and a preliminary statistical mechanical attempt to relate α to Cv and the elastic properties of polymers are discussed. Both lead to the conclusion that for polymers, perhaps even more so than for metals, it would be of interest to make separate measurements to very low temperatures of α, Cp, and various elastic moduli.
A novel interplay between the ubiquitin–proteasome system and serine proteases duringDrosophiladevelopment (2013)

The concentrations of the Drosophila proteasomal and extraproteasomal polyubiquitin receptors fluctuate in a developmentally regulated fashion. This fluctuation is generated by a previously unidentified proteolytic activity. In the present paper, we describe the purification, identification and characterization of this protease (endoproteinase I). Its expression increases sharply at the L1-L2 larval stages, remains high until the second half of the L3 stage, then declines dramatically. This sharp decrease coincides precisely with the increase of polyubiquitin receptor concentrations in late L3 larvae, which suggests a tight developmental co-regulation. RNAi-induced down-regulation of endoproteinase I results in pupal lethality. Interestingly, we found a cross-talk between the 26S proteasome and this larval protease: transgenic overexpression of the in vivo target of endoproteinase I, the C-terminal half of the proteasomal polyubiquitin receptor subunit p54/Rpn10 results in transcriptional down-regulation of endoproteinase I and consequently a lower level of proteolytic elimination of the polyubiquitin receptors. Another larval protease, Jonah65A-IV, which degrades only unfolded proteins and exhibits similar cross-talk with the proteasome has also been purified and characterized. It may prevent the accumulation of polyubiquitylated proteins in larvae contrary to the low polyubiquitin receptor concentration.
Repeat hepatectomy for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. (1994)

A curative repeat hepatectomy is thus considered to be the most effective therapeutic modality for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma.
Reduced Order Models for Blisks With Small and Large Mistuning and Friction Dampers (2016)

In operation, rotating bladed disks (blisks) are often subject to high levels of dynamic loading, resulting in large amplitudes of forced vibrations especially at resonance. Moreover, variations in structural properties of individual sectors, referred to as mistuning, can lead to strain energy localization and can amplify forced responses. To prevent damages caused by high cycle fatigue, various frictional damping sources are introduced to dissipate vibration energy. Due to the nonlinear behavior of frictional contacts, conventional methods to study the dynamics of the blisk-damper systems are based often on numerical time integration, which is time-consuming and can be computationally prohibitive due to the large sizes of commercial blisk models. Existing techniques for model reduction either rely heavily on cyclic symmetry of the blisk-damper system, or are based on component mode synthesis (CMS). However, in the presence of mistuning, cyclic symmetry no longer exists. Also, mistuning is random and best studied statistically. Repetitive CMS condensation for a large amount of random mistuning patterns can lead to a computationally formidable task. This paper presents a reduced-order modeling technique to efficiently capture the nonlinear dynamic responses of blisk-damper systems with both small perturbations in blade material properties (small mistuning), and significant changes in the blisk geometries (large mistuning). The reduced-order models (ROMs) are formed by projecting the blisk-damper systems onto a novel mode basis that mimics the contact behavior. This mode basis contains normal mode shapes of the mistuned blisk-damper systems with either sliding or sticking conditions enforced on the contact surfaces. These mode shapes are computed through the N-PRIME method, a technique recently developed by the authors to efficiently obtain mode shapes for blisks with simultaneous large and small mistuning. The resulting modal nonlinear equations of motion are solved by a hybrid frequency/time (HFT) domain method with continuation. In the HFT method, the contact status and friction forces are determined in the time domain by a quasi-two-dimensional contact model at each contact point, whereas the modal equations of motion are solved in the frequency domain according to a harmonic balance formulation. The forced responses computed by the proposed ROMs are validated for two systems with distinct mistuning patterns. A statistical analysis is performed to study the effectiveness of the frictional dampers under random mistuning patterns.
Temperature-tunable, single frequency microcavity lasers fabricated from flux-grown YCeAG:Nd (1992)

Data are presented on a single-frequency, diode-pumped, microcavity YCeAG:Nd laser. The maximum output power was 45 mW in continuous operation, limited by the available pump power of 250 mW. The output was single-frequency, TEM00 at all powers. The lasing frequency was continuously temperature-tunable over a range greater than 180 GHz, with a stability of better than 10 MHz.
Raman-based detection of bacteria using silver nanoparticles conjugated with antibodies (2007)

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been used to detect bacteria captured by polyclonal antibodies sorbed onto protein-A-modified silver nanoparticles. The selectivity and discrimination of the technique were assured by using a specific antibody to the model bacterium, Escherichia coli. As the SERS enhancement mechanism depends upon the metal surface proximity, 8 nm was considered as the optimum distance between the bacterium and the nanoparticle surface. Spectral reproducibility was verified using Principal Components Analysis to differentiate the clusters corresponding to the biomolecules and/or bacteria sorbed onto nanoparticles. Compared to the normal Raman spectrum, the SERS technique resulted in an intensity enhancement of over 20-fold.
Quadtree Structured Approximation Algorithms (2013)

The success of many image restoration algorithms is often due to their ability to sparsely describe the original signal. Many sparse promoting transforms exist, including wavelets, the so called ‘lets’ family of transforms and more recent non-local learned transforms. The first part of this thesis reviews sparse approximation theory, particularly in relation to 2-D piecewise polynomial signals. We also show the connection between this theory and current state of the art algorithms that cover the following image restoration and enhancement applications: denoising, deconvolution, interpolation and multi-view super resolution. In [63], Shukla et al. proposed a compression algorithm, based on a sparse quadtree decomposition model, which could optimally represent piecewise polynomial images. In the second part of this thesis we adapt this model to image restoration by changing the rate-distortion penalty to a description-length penalty. Moreover, one of the major drawbacks of this type of approximation is the computational complexity required to find a suitable subspace for each node of the quadtree. We address this issue by searching for a suitable subspace much more efficiently using the mathematics of updating matrix factorisations. Novel algorithms are developed to tackle the four problems previously mentioned. Simulation results indicate that we beat state of the art results when the original signal is in the model (e.g. depth images) and are competitive for natural images when the degradation is high.
Impact of bit pattern and dispersion variation on cross-phase modulation penalty (2003)

Our simulations demonstrate that in wavelength-division multiplexing systems where cross phase modulation is the dominant nonlinear impairment, performance penalties depend weakly on dispersion statistical variations and have a strong bit pattern dependence.
2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis (2019)

Although most patients with acute pancreatitis have the mild form of the disease, about 20-30% develops a severe form, often associated with single or multiple organ dysfunction requiring intensive care. Identifying the severe form early is one of the major challenges in managing severe acute pancreatitis. Infection of the pancreatic and peripancreatic necrosis occurs in about 20-40% of patients with severe acute pancreatitis, and is associated with worsening organ dysfunctions. While most patients with sterile necrosis can be managed nonoperatively, patients with infected necrosis usually require an intervention that can be percutaneous, endoscopic, or open surgical. These guidelines present evidence-based international consensus statements on the management of severe acute pancreatitis from collaboration of a panel of experts meeting during the World Congress of Emergency Surgery in June 27-30, 2018 in Bertinoro, Italy. The main topics of these guidelines fall under the following topics: Diagnosis, Antibiotic treatment, Management in the Intensive Care Unit, Surgical and operative management, and Open abdomen.
연구논문 : 상압잔사유 - 펜탄계 추출공정 계산 (1997)

펜탄용매를 이용하여 상압잔사유로부터 고급 경질 탄화수소의 추출실험을 수행하였다. 추출공정 계산에 앞서 복잡한 혼합물로 구성된 상압잔사유의 진비점을 계산하기 위하여 모사증류방법을 이용하였다. 추출공정 계산절차를 간단히 하기 위하여 재분류 방법을 이용하여 많은 성분을 포함하고 있는 상압잔사유를 성상이 유사한 몇 개의 가상성분으로 분류하였다. 상압잔사유-펜탄계 추출공정의 모사는 등온 플래시 방법에 기초를 두고 있으며, 계산과정 중 기상과 액상에서의 퓨개시티 계수를 계산하기 위하여 Pang-Robinson 상태방정식을 이용하였다. 복잡한 계산과정을 포함하고 있는 추출공정 모사에 비하여 실험치는 계산치와 잘 일치하였다.