gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fecundity of Patients With Schizophrenia, Autism, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Anorexia Nervosa, or Substance Abuse vs Their Unaffected Siblings (2012)

Our results suggest that strong selection exists against schizophrenia, autism, and anorexia nervosa and that these variants may be maintained by new mutations or an as-yet unknown mechanism. Bipolar disorder did not seem to be under strong negative selection. Vulnerability to depression, and perhaps substance abuse, may be preserved by balancing selection, suggesting the involvement of common genetic variants in ways that depend on other genes and on environment.
Semiconductor pressure transducers (1963)

When silicon diffused transistors are stressed by applying localized pressure to the emitter surface, increases in base and collector current are observed. From the relationship between these currents and the emitter junction voltage, the changes are identified as increases in minority carrier currents. The results can be explained mainly by the decrease in energy gap in strained silicon. Detailed data on stressed diodes and transistors will be shown in support of this hypothesis. This phenomenon can be used to advantage in many kinds of pressure transducers. Microphones have been constructed in which acoustic power is transmitted to a transistor emitter region by means of a diaphragm and point assembly. Typical values obtained are: a sensitivity of 1 db above 1 volt for a pressure of 1 dyne/cm2(versus -34 db for a carbon microphone); a gain of 26 db (versus 14 db); a ratio of a.c. power out to d.c. bias power of 11% (versus .02%); signal to noise ratio of 55 db; the frequency response was limited by the diaphragm. Other devices such as hydrophones, phonograph pickups, and microminiature microphones also suggest themselves.
Contact Mechanics of Nanoparticles (2013)

ABSTRACT: We perform molecular dynamics simulations on the detach-ment of nanoparticles from a substrate. The critical detachment force, f*, is obtained as a function of the nanoparticle radius, Rp, shear modulus, G, surface energy, γp, and work of adhesion, W. The magnitude of the detachment force is shown to increase from πWRp to 2.2πWRp with increasing nanoparticle shear modulus and nanoparticle size. This variation of the detachment force is a manifestation of neck formation upon nanoparticle detachment. Using scaling analysis, we show that the magnitude of the detachment force is controlled by the balance of the nanoparticle elastic energy, neck surface energy, and energy of nanoparticle adhesion to a substrate. It is a function of the dimensionless parameter δ ∝ γp(GRp)−1/3W−2/3, which is proportional to the ratio of the surface energy of a neck and the elastic energy of a deformed nanoparticle. In the case of small values of the parameter δ ≪ 1, the critical detachment force approaches a critical Johnson, Kendall, and Roberts force, f * ≈ 1.5πWRp, as is usually the case for strongly cross-linked, large nanoparticles. However, in the opposite limit, corresponding to soft small nanoparticles for which δ≫1, the critical detachment force, f*, scales as f*∝ γp
Adhesion and Invasion Assay Procedure Using Caco-2 Cells for Listeria monocytogenes (2017)

<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> is an important Gram-positive foodborne pathogen that is a particular problem in ready-to-eat food. It has an ability to survive in harsh conditions like refrigeration temperatures and high salt concentrations and is known to cross intestinal, placental and blood-brain barriers. Several cancerous cell lines like cervical, liver, dendritic, intestinal and macrophages have been used to study <i>in vitro</i> propagation and survival of listeria in human cells. Human intestinal epithelial cells have been used to study how listeria crosses the intestinal barrier and cause infection. The protocol in this articles describes the procedures to grow Caco-2 cells, maintain cells and use them for adhesion and invasion assays. During adhesion assay the cells are incubated with listeria for 30 min but in invasion assay the cell growth is arrested at several time points after infection to monitor the growth and survival rate of listeria in cells.
Exoskeleton robots for upper-limb rehabilitation (2016)

In this paper, the design of a new upper limb rehabilitation system is presented. The developed system is an exoskeleton with two degrees of freedom that can be used for diagnosis, physical therapy, and outcome evaluation. The system is dedicated to the patients with paraplegia of their upper extremities due to stroke or any disorders of the central or peripheral nervous system. The designed robot-aided therapy actuates both movements: flexion/extension for the elbow and pronation/supination for the forearm. The robotic system used Kinects skeletal tracking for an upper limb rehabilitation. Position control is communicated via a wireless network. Indeed a ZigBee protocol using xbee communication modules has been installed to ensure remote control of rehabilitation exercise. A kinematic model has been developed based on Denavit-Hartenberg approach to make first tests. A sliding mode robust law control has been implemented. The Lyapunov-based approach has been used to establish the system asymptotic stability. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate performances of the developed robot of upper limb remote rehabilitation.
Noise Reduction Method For Wideband Speech Coding (2004)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Viena, Austria, 2004
Two-Dimensional Contact and Noncontact Micromanipulation in Liquid Using an Untethered Mobile Magnetic Microrobot (2009)

This paper presents the manipulation of microspheres under water by use of an untethered electromagnetically actuated magnetic microrobot (Mag-muBot), with dimensions 250 times 130 times 100 mum<sup>3</sup>. Manipulation is achieved by two means: contact and noncontact pushing modes. In contact manipulation, the Mag-muBot is used to physically push the microspheres. In noncontact manipulation, the fluid flow generated by the translation of the Mag-muBot is used to push the microspheres. Modeling of the system is performed, taking into account micrometer-scale surface forces and fluid drag effects to determine the motion of a sphere within a robot-generated fluid flow. Fluid drag models for free-stream flow and formulations for near-wall flow are both analyzed and compared with the experiments, in which pushing of two sphere sizes, i.e., 50 and 230 mum diameters, is characterized in a controlled, robot-generated flow. Dynamic simulations are provided using the developed physical models to capture this behavior. We find that the near-wall physical models are, in general, in agreement with the experiment, and free-stream models overestimate microsphere motion.
Photochemical Formation of Bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene and 3-Vinylcyclobutene from 1,3-Cyclohexadiene1 (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical Formation of Bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene and 3-Vinylcyclobutene from 1,3-Cyclohexadiene1Jerrold Meinwald and Paul H. MazzocchiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 12, 2850–2851Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00964a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00964a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In vivo imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma using a glypican-3-binding peptide based probe (2017)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a heparin sulfate proteoglycan linked to the cell membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI) and is expressed by 75% of all hepatocellular carcinomas but undetectable in healthy liver tissue or liver with focal lesions. What’s more, GPC3 has been gradually applied in clinical applications as a specific indicator for the early detection and prognosis of HCC. As GPC3 can also regulate many pathways in HCC pathogenesis including Wnt, Hh and Yap signaling, it has been shown that GPC3 knockdown can inhibit HCC growth, reinforcing the important roles of GPC3 in HCC development. For HCC early detection, we designed a peptide targeting GPC3 that allows to establish a fluorescent dyes-labeled probe. Firstly, according to the structure of the GPC3 antibody GC33 and the positive peptide reported in the literature, we generated a peptide consisting of twelve amino acids named 12P that may bind to GPC3 with tight binding ability and specificity. In vitro testing, we utilized FCM and laser confocal microscopy to verify its specificity of targeting to the high expression cells of GPC3. What’s more, we linked 12P with a near infrared dye to verify its in vivo targeting ability. All results indicated that 12P possessed potent binding capacity which could be used as a targeting module in GPC3 detection probe.
Einfluß von Ringgröße und Substitution auf die oxidative Addition cyclischer Carbonsäureanhydride und ‐imide an den Rumpf (N N)Niº (N N = α, α′‐Dipyridyl, Tetramethylethylendiamin) (1993)

Abstract (dipy)Ni(COD) bzw. ein Gemisch von tmed/Ni(COD) 2 reagieren mit cyclischen Carbonsäure‐anhydriden unter oxidativer Addition. Nach Decarbonylierung entstehen dabei mit Bernsteinsäureanhydrid ein fünfgliedriger, mit Glutarsäureanhydrid ein sechsgliedriger Nickelacyclus bzw. Mit Diphensäureanhydrid erhielten wir ein siebengliedriges Chelat in der Wannenform ( XIV ). Die beiden aromatischen Ringsysteme von XIV sind entlang der Bindungsachse um 127° gegeneinander verdrillt. Die konjugative Wechselwirkung zwischen diesen Ringen bleibt daher gering. Itaconsäureanhydrid kann an dem Rumpf (tmed)Ni als polares Olefin und damit side‐on koordinieren. Es ist aber auch eine oxidative Addition unter Bildung von ( XVI ) möglich. Ausschließlich das oxidative Additionsprodukt wird bei der Umsetzung mit (dipy)Ni(COD) erhalten. Naphthalsäureanhydrid (NSA) mit seinem starren Hetero‐Sechsring ist zu einer oxidativen Addition an elektronenreiche Nickel(0)‐Komplexe nicht befähigt. Als π‐Akzeptorligand mit einem relativ niedrigen ersten Halbstufenpotential vermag es jedoch COD aus (dipy)Ni(COD) unter Bildung von (dipy)Ni(NSA) 0,25 THF ( XVIII ) zu verdrängen. Die Acidolyse von [(dipy)Ni] 2 (PPI) · 1,5 THF ( XIX ; PPI = N‐Phenylphthalimid) ergibt mit Benzanilid eine Verbindung, die auf eine bei der Synthese von XIX abgelaufene oxidative Addition unter ‐Bindungs‐spaltung hindeutet. IR‐Daten lassen jedoch nur den Schluß zu, daß im Komplex XIX das Skelett PPI noch erhalten ist. Die Bindungsspaltung erfolgt offenbar erst im Verlauf der Acidolyse.
Content Media Retrieval using Virtual Network Functions in Multi‐access Edge Computing architecture (2022)

Summary The mobile traffic grows every year. Resource requirements of mobile applications, as processing power and storage capacity, transformed the architecture of cellular networks into a centralized infrastructure, the C‐RANs. On the other hand, providing resources close to base stations, as the multi‐access edge computing suggests, allows an immediate processing for delay sensitive applications. In this work, we formulate as a mixed integer linear programming the retrieval of media contents through caches acting as virtual network functions. The optimization model minimizes both the media contents' retrieval cost and the number of instantiated virtual network functions. Results show that the characteristic that has most impact on caching is the high throughput between the node that stores the virtual network function images and the virtualized environment that hosts the image, where up to 70% of the requests are satisfied. When caches have low storage capacity and incurs high transferring delay cost for deployment, the most important characteristic is the throughput distribution between the virtualized environment and the base stations.
Phenotypic and functional characterisation of first trimester human placental macrophages, Hofbauer cells (2020)

Abstract Hofbauer cells (HBC) are a population of macrophages found in high abundance within the stroma of the first trimester human placenta. HBC are the only fetal immune cell population within the stroma of healthy placenta. However, the functional properties of these cells are poorly described. Aligning with their predicted origin via primitive haematopoiesis, we find that HBC are transcriptionally similar to yolk sac macrophages. Phenotypically, HBC can be identified as HLA-DR - FOLR2 + macrophages. We identify a number of factors HBC secrete (including IL-8 and MMP-9) that could affect placental angiogenesis and remodelling. We determine that HBC have the capacity to play a defensive role, where they are responsive to Toll-like receptor stimulation and are microbicidal. Finally, we also identify a population of placenta-associated maternal macrophages (PAMM1a) that adhere to the placental surface and express factors, such as fibronectin, that may aid in repair. Summary Using transcriptomic and proteomic data, Thomas, J. et al, analyse human first trimester placental macrophages and delineate markers that identify them. They also reveal that Hofbauer cells have microbicidal capacity, providing the fetus with an additional layer of protection from certain microbes. One sentence summary Hofbauer cells are primitive placental macrophages with a unique phenotype and role in fetal defence. Non-standard abbreviation Placental associated maternal monocytes/macrophages, PAMM.
Comparison of Chemical and Cell-Based Antioxidant Methods for Evaluation of Foods and Natural Products: Generating Multifaceted Data by Parallel Testing Using Erythrocytes and Polymorphonuclear Cells (2008)

The objective of this study was to compare three tests frequently used for evaluation of antioxidant potential in natural products: (1) oxygen radical absorbance assay (ORAC), (2) cell-based antioxidant protection in an erythrocyte model (CAP-e), and (3) reactive oxygen species formation in polymorphonuclear cells (ROS PMN). The methods were applied to four natural products, all containing antioxidants capable of entering and protecting cells in the CAP-e assay. The magnitude of this effect was not directly correlated to the ORAC value of each product. Furthermore, the products showed different effects in the ROS PMN assay. Acai provided strong inhibition of ROS formation, indicating anti-inflammatory properties. In contrast, Immunel and EpiCor mildly enhanced ROS formation, suggesting activation of the innate immune response. HA Joint Formula showed a complex, nonlinear dose-response in the ROS PMN assay. This illustrates that complex natural products may have similar antioxidant properties but different effects on human cells. Cell-based antioxidant protection is addressed best in the CAP-e assay, since some natural products contain compounds that may provoke cellular signaling in other cell types. The PMN cell type is a useful model for assessment of overall anti-inflammatory versus immune supportive properties of a product. The sequential use of the three methods serves to bridge analytical and biological testing methods.
Sequence of metabolic, clinical, and histological events in experimental thiamine deficiency (1983)

The [14C]deoxyglucose technique was used to determine local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) in the rat at various times in two models of thiamine deficiency: pyrithiamine administration in addition to dietary deprivation, and dietary deprivation alone. In the pyrithiamine model most of the 40 structures examined showed a gradual decline in LCGU, reaching the lowest metabolic activity at day 11. A statistically significant rise in LCGU (p less than 0.05) was then noted between day 11 and day 12 or 14 in 18 structures, followed by the autoradiographic appearance of focal areas of centrally depressed glucose utilization in many of these same 18 structures. Only then did ambulatory difficulty, opisthotonus, and other advanced clinical sequelae of thiamine deficiency become evident, usually around day 18, followed by the appearance of focal histological lesions in the same distribution. On a different time scale, rats that were only deprived of thiamine in their diet over a prolonged period, but not their pair-fed controls, revealed the same metabolic and autoradiographic events, but the deprivation was not sufficiently prolonged to result in clinical or histological abnormalities. We believe that the selective rise in LCGU may set into motion a chain of events that leads to the subsequent clinical and histological consequences of thiamine deficiency.
Hot Corrosion in a Burner Rig Tester of the Ni-base Alloy on a Single Tie Line (1993)

Hot-corrosion susceptibility was investigated for the alloys whose compositions laid on a tie-line of a γ/γ′-two-phase Ni-Cr-Al-based alloy by a burner-rig-test (BR-test) in a combustion gas containing Na2SO4 and dip-tests in a Na2SO4/NaCl-salt mixture. Severity of corrosion differed for both tests in regions of γ′-phase content of I: <50%, II: 50-100% and III: >100% (γ′-phase). Relative severity among the regions was not identical between the BR-test and the dip tests. In the case of the BR-test, the corrosion was moderate in the regions I and III and the most severe in the region II, especially at a γ′-phase content of 85%. This is presumably because chromia and alumina are effective in retarding the corrosion respectively in the regions I and III, while both are less so in the region II. In the case of dip tests, the corrosion was very mild in the region I, considerable in the region II and cataststrophic in the region III. This is considered to be caused by loss of protective effect of alumina in the region III due to the basic fluxing owing to low oxygen content in the salt. The above information suggests that unfairly pessimistic results than would be materialized in gas turbines might follow, if hot corrosion susceptibility of nickel-base alloys or nickel-aluminide-based materials is assessed by dip tests.
Hydrodynamic behavior of a combined anaerobic-aerobic system employed in the treatment of vinasse (2016)

ABSTRACT The understanding of reactor hydrodynamics is essential for improving the performance of a reactor and biogas production. This study sought to evaluate the hydrodynamic behavior of a combined anaerobic-aerobic system at a laboratory scale for treating vinasse. The experiment was conducted in a system using two UASB reactors connected in series, followed by an Aerated Submerged Biological Filter (ASBF). The flow rates applied to the system and the corresponded theoretical HRTs in the UASB1, UASB2 and ASBF were respectively: 15.6 L d-1 and 1.2 d, 1.2 d and 1.0 d (Phase I - first year); 8.5 L d-1 and 2.1 d; 2.1 d and 1.8 d (Phase II - first year), 14.6 L d-1 and 1.1 d, 1.1 d and 1.0 d (Phase III - second year); 29.5 L d-1 and 0.6 d, 0.6 d and 0.5 d (Phase IV - second year). The hydrodynamic studies were carried out using pulse type stimulus-response tests, employing LiCl as a tracer. The coefficients of determination for the dispersion models (R2) indicate a close approximation of a continuous stirred tank reactor in series (multi-CSTR) model, with an average of 2.5, 2.3 and 1.2 (first year), and 1.1, 1.4 and 0.9 (second year) multi-CSTR for UASB1, UASB2 and ASBF, respectively. Results of the hydrodynamic tests carried out in UASB1, UASB2 and ASBF indicated strong tendency for flow in the complete mixture hydraulic regime, detecting a wide dispersion in the units, in addition to the presence of short circuits and dead zones.
Immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin function as reversal agents of the multidrug resistance phenotype (1992)

The multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype is characterized in vitro by the resistance displayed by cell lines to a broad spectrum of natural product cytotoxic agents. This high level of cross-resistance is due to the increased expression of a membrane glycoprotein termed P- glycoprotein. Encoded in humans by the mdr1 gene, P-glycoprotein functions as an energy-dependent efflux pump of these cytotoxic agents. In this report, we demonstrate that the newly characterized immunosuppressant FK506 and its structural analogue, rapamycin, are capable of functioning as MDR reversal agents. FK506 and rapamycin increase both intracellular, cytotoxic drug (daunomycin) accumulation, and the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in multidrug-resistant cells. The increase in cytotoxic drug accumulation is observed at concentrations of FK506 and rapamycin 1,000-fold greater than the concentrations required for FK506 and rapamycin to inhibit T-lymphocyte activation and similar to those shown to be effective for other MDR reversal agents such as cyclosporine A (CsA) and verapamil. The effect of FK506 or rapamycin on both intracellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of daunomycin is additive. This is supported by the ability of FK506 and rapamycin to directly compete the binding of the photoaffinity analogue 125I-iodoaryl azidoprazosin to the P- glycoprotein. The data demonstrate that FK506 and rapamycin represent a new class of structurally distinct molecules that can function as MDR reversal agents and suggest a previously unidentified, potential clinical role for these compounds.
Photoaffinity labeling of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) by 8-azido-GTP (1987)

Mammalian phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) exhibits the unusual nucleotide specificity of utilizing GTP or ITP as substrates, but not ATP. The photoaffinity probe 8-azido-GTP (8-N/sub 3/-GTP) fulfills the criteria of an affinity label for PEPCK from rat liver cytosol. Inactivation of homogeneous PEPCK by the probe exhibits saturation kinetics with a K/sub i/ of 2.0 +/- 0.4 ..mu..M. Photolabeling in the presence of 5 ..mu..M 8-N/sub 3/-GTP results in a maximal 50% inactivation of the PEPCK-catalyzed carboxylation of PEP or decarboxylation of OAA. At a concentration of approximately twice its K/sub m/, GTP provides 40% protection against inactivation by the probe, with up to 80% protection afforded at higher concentrations of GTP; AMP, which is not a substrate, provides insignificant protection against inactivation. Although 2 mM Mg/sup 2 +/ or Mn/sup 2 +/ also protect substantially against inactivation, the substrates OAA, PEP and HCO/sub 3//sup -/ are ineffective. 8-N/sub 3/-GTP exhibits catalytic competency in that it can serve as a substrate with a K/sub m/ and V/sub max/ very similar to those of GTP. Thus, 8-N/sub 3/-GTP behaves as an affinity label of PEPCK and can cause a high level of inactivation at low concentrations; comparison of a peptide labeled withmore » (..gamma..-/sup 32/P)8-N/sub 3/-GTP against the known sequence of the protein will allow identification of the GTP binding site.« less