gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
M6P/IGF2R tumor suppressor gene mutated in hepatocellular carcinomas in Japan (2002)

Mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGF2R) tumor suppressor- gene mutation is an early event in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation in the United States, but its role in hepatocarcinogenesis in Japan is unclear. We therefore determined M6P/IGF2R mutation frequency in HCCs from patients who resided in the southern, central, and northern regions of Japan. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to identify HCCs and dysplastic liver nodules with M6P/IGF2R loss of heterozygosity. The retained allele in these tumors was also assessed for point mutations and deletions in the M6P/IGF2R ligand binding domains by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified DNA products. Fifty-eight percent (54 of 93) of the patients were heterozygous at the M6P/IGF2R locus, and 67% (43 of 64) of the HCCs and 75% (3 of 4) of the dysplastic nodules had loss of heterozygosity. The remaining allele in 21% of the HCCs contained either M6P/IGF2R missense mutations or deletions, whereas such mutations were not found in the dysplastic lesions. In conclusion, M6P/IGF2R is mutated in HCCs from throughout Japan with a frequency similar to that in the United States. Loss of heterozygosity in dysplastic liver nodules provides additional evidence that M6P/IGF2R haploid insufficiency is an early event in human hepatocarcinogenesis.
A Code-Recombination Algorithm-Based ADC With Feature Extraction for WBSN Applications (2021)

This article presents a low-power code-recombination (CR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with generic feature extraction for wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors in wireless body sensor network (WBSN) applications. The CR ADC features a search forward procedure (SFP) and a search backward procedure (SBP) to hunt for part of the quantization steps cutting down bitcycle and power consumption. Also, CR ADC outputs a digital stream named <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> data served as a compressed feature. A prototyped chip including a proposed ADC is fabricated in a 0.13-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process. With a 0.6-V supply voltage and a 10-kS/s sampling rate, the measured signal-to-noise-distortion range (SNDR) and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) are 58.34 and 70.2 dB, respectively. The ADC consumes only 40-nW power when input residue is within the prediction range defined by ADC&#x2019;s resolution and the reference voltage, achieving a figure-of-merit (FoM) of 6.2 fJ/conversion-step. The data <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> occupy 2/5 of the raw data and are conducted to categorize cardiovascular diseases illustrating at least 96&#x0025; accuracy.
Effect of Intraoperative Platelet-Rich Plasma and Fibrin Glue Application on Skin Flap Survival (2012)

The experiment was designed to compare the effect of intraoperative platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and fibrin glue application on skin flap survival. In this study, bilateral epigastric flaps were elevated in 24 rats. The right-side flaps were used as the control of the left-side flaps. Platelet-rich plasma, fibrin glue, and thrombin had been applied under the flap sites in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Five days later, all flap pedicles were ligated. Necrotic area measurements, microangiography, and histologic and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed to compare the groups. Platelet-rich plasma reduced necrotic area percentages as compared with other groups. Histologically and microangiographically increased number of arterioles were observed in PRP groups. Thrombin when used alone increased flap necrosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor β3 primary antibody staining showed increased neovascularization and reepithelialization in all PRP-applied flaps. This study demonstrated that PRP, when applied intraoperatively under the skin flap, may enhance flap survival. Thrombin used alone was found to be unsuitable in flap surgery.
Delayed Occurrence of Unheralded Phase IV Complete Heart Block After Ethanol Septal Ablation for Symmetric Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (2006)

Ethanol septal ablation has emerged as a less invasive alternative to surgical myomectomy for treatment of asymmetric hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (ASH). The procedure has very low mortality, but high-degree AV conduction block is a frequent complication. Prior studies have documented baseline left bundle branch block and high volume of ethanol injection (greater than 4 mL) as risk factors. Complete heart block is often preceded by postprocedure conduction abnormalities and generally develops within 48 hours after ethanol ablation. We present a unique case of a patient with symmetric hypertensive hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (SHOCM) who developed phase IV complete heart block >96 hours postprocedure without preceding conduction abnormalities or other classic risk factors.
Effects of Acamprosate on Ethanol‐Seeking and Self‐Administration in the Rat (2001)

Overall, these results suggest that acamprosate is effective at reducing total ethanol intake, but may not reliably alter subjects propensity to begin a drinking bout as measured by this model. However, whether this applies to the clinical use of acamprosate, where other types of reinforcement may also precipitate relapse drinking, is not certain.
Maternal Diet and Infant Leukemia: The DNA Topoisomerase II Inhibitor Hypothesis: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group (2005)

Overall, maternal consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits during pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of infant leukemia, particularly MLL+. However, for AML(MLL+) cases, maternal consumption of specific DNAt2 inhibitors seemed to increase risk. Although based on small numbers, these data provide some support for distinct etiologic pathways in infant leukemia.
Low Multiplication Noise Thin Avalanche Photodiodes (2001)

Abstract— Avalanche multiplication and excess noise weremeasured on a series of Al 0 6 Ga 0 4 As p + in + and n + ip + diodes,with avalanche region thickness, ranging from 0.026 m to 0.85m. The results show that the ionization coefficient for electronsis slightly higher than for holes in thick, bulk material. At fixedmultiplication values the excess noise factor was found to decreasewith decreasing , irrespective of injected carrier type. Owingto the wide Al 0 6 Ga 0 4 As bandgap extremely thin devices cansustain very high electric fields, giving rise to very low excess noisefactors, of around 3.3 at a multiplication factor of 15.5in the structure with = 0.026 m. This is the lowest reportedexcess noise at this value of multiplication for devices grown onGaAs substrates. Recursion equation modeling, using both ahard threshold dead space model and one which incorporatesthe detailed history of the ionizing carriers, is used to model thenonlocal nature of impact ionization giving rise to the reductionin excess noise with decreasing . Although the hard thresholddead space model could reproduce qualitatively the experimentalresults better agreement was obtained from the history-dependentmodel.Index Terms— Al Ga
Advancing Robotics: The Urban Challenge Effect (2008)

The Defense Advanced Research Project Agency’s (DARPA) Urban Challenge, a contest that pitted robots against each other for 6 h without human intervention, was aimed at advancing the state-of-the-art in research for perception, planning, sensors, and situational awareness with the goal of military application. The event was a success, gaining national media attention for DARPA and robotics; but how well did DARPA succeed in advancing research for the military? To answer this question, a number of post-event activities conducted by Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Laboratories, a participating member of the Ben Franklin Racing Team, will be presented and examined. In addition, a comparison of requirements between the Urban Challenge contest and current military applications will be conducted. I. Introduction I T is rare to be both a part of history and to write it.That is what we attempt to accomplish at the DefenseAdvanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) Urban Challenge. This paper pulls ourselves back for a moment and tries to view the field from afar, seeing from whence we have come and anticipating where we will go. DARPA’s Grand Challenges have become a large part of robotic history. At the same time, there is a congressional mandate that sets a goal for the future that a third of all ground vehicles in the military be robotic. How far have we come and how far do we have yet to go? Answering these questions is the focus of this material. The Urban Challenge (Fig. 1) was DARPA’s third Grand Challenge—a contest that pitted robotic vehicles against each other in a simulated urban environment. The final event included 11 robotic vehicles and their DARPA chase cars, along with 50 manned vehicles that were used to simulate various traffic situations. All robotics vehicles were required to be completely autonomous and team members were not allowed on the course while the vehicles were running. The contest was both a race, with a maximum time limit of 6h, and a “driver’s test” for the autonomous vehicles that evaluated their skill in executing maneuvers that a typical human driver would encounter on populated city streets. For brevity, we will not list all the requirements for the Urban Challenge. In summary, the Urban Challenge required vehicles to detect roads, lanes, and other vehicles; perform left, right, and U turns; pull in and out of parking spaces; merge into traffic; change lanes in traffic; queue up in line at traffic stops; understand and follow intersection precedence;andavoidcollisionsatalltimes[1,2].Ingeneral,DARPArequiredallvehiclestoobeyCaliforniadriving laws and be safe at all times while performing missions over a 60 mile course in under 6h [3]. This set of requirements was vastly different from previous Grand Challenges, and arguably more challenging, owing to the focus on interaction with other vehicles. Previous installments in the Grand Challenge were primarily
Research and Implementation of a geometry coupled visual analysis system for MCNP (2010)

The post-processing capability of the current MCNP is not enough to effectively and sufficiently analyze calculation results of complex problems.In the paper,a geometry coupled visual analysis system for MCNP was self-developed in FDS Team by using scientific visualization technology,GPU(graphics processing unit)visual programming technology,and the reversion engine of MCAM.The visual analysis system was implemented to support data extraction and manipulation based on graphics user interface,three-dimensional plotting of tally results,and visual analysis of the results with geometries.And the system has been tested by many de facto cases,such as ITER.Testing results showed that the system provided an intuitively and effectively visual analysis approach for the post-processing of MCNP and obviously enhanced the analysis efficiency.
Chaos-based block ciphers: An overview (2014)

A variety of chaos-based cryptosystems have been investigated during the last decade. Most of them are based on the structure of Fridrich, which is based on the traditional confusion-diffusion architecture proposed by Shannon. Compared with traditional cryptosystems (DES, 3DES, AES, etc.), the chaos-based cryptosystems are more flexible, more modular and easier to be implemented, which make them more suitable for large scale-data encryption, such as images and videos. The heart of any chaos-based cryptosystem is the chaotic generator and so, a part of the efficiency (robustness, speed) of the system depends greatly on it. In this talk, we give an overview of the state of the art of chaos-based block ciphers and we describe some of our schemes already proposed. Also, we will focus on the essential characteristics of the digital chaotic generator that we published in October 2011 as a French patent and also we published in 2013 an extension of the patent in Europe, China, Japan, and USA. The needed performance of a chaos-based block cipher in terms of security level and speed of calculus depends on the considered application. There is a compromise between the security and the speed of the calculation. The security of these block ciphers will be analyzed.
Equivalent magnetic dipole method for designing gradient coils of the Halbach magnetic resonance device (2018)

Based on the equivalent magnetic dipole theory, a method for designing gradient coils of the Halbach magnet is proposed. Minimizing the energy consumption of the gradient coil is set as the optimal object, and the variance between the calculated and expected magnetic fields is taken as the penalty function. In this way, a quadratic optimization problem that cannot easily satisfy the magnetic field constraint condition can be easily transformed into an unconstrained optimization problem. By using the lsqnonlin optimization toolbox of Matlab, the distribution of the stream function on the cylindrical surface is calculated, and the three gradient coils of the Halbach magnet are obtained according to the contour of the stream function. To validate the designed coils, the Biot-Savart law is applied to calculate the distribution of the magnetic field. The results show that the magnetic field distribution agrees well with the design object. The gradient coils are fabricated and the magnetic field distributions in the region of interest are measured. The measured data are almost similar with the calculated data, and the measured gradient uniformity of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] coils are 4.47% and 2.34%, respectively, which are less than 5% of the commercial gradient coil requirements.
Stable, high‐affinity streptavidin monomer for protein labeling and monovalent biotin detection (2012)

The coupling between the quaternary structure, stability and function of streptavidin makes it difficult to engineer a stable, high affinity monomer for biotechnology applications. For example, the binding pocket of streptavidin tetramer is comprised of residues from multiple subunits, which cannot be replicated in a single domain protein. However, rhizavidin from Rhizobium etli was recently shown to bind biotin with high affinity as a dimer without the hydrophobic tryptophan lid donated by an adjacent subunit. In particular, the binding site of rhizavidin uses residues from a single subunit to interact with bound biotin. We therefore postulated that replacing the binding site residues of streptavidin monomer with corresponding rhizavidin residues would lead to the design of a high affinity monomer useful for biotechnology applications. Here, we report the construction and characterization of a structural monomer, mSA, which combines the streptavidin and rhizavidin sequences to achieve optimized biophysical properties. First, the biotin affinity of mSA (K(d) = 2.8 nM) is the highest among nontetrameric streptavidin, allowing sensitive monovalent detection of biotinylated ligands. The monomer also has significantly higher stability (T(m) = 59.8 °C) and solubility than all other previously engineered monomers to ensure the molecule remains folded and functional during its application. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we show that mSA binds biotinylated targets as a monomer. We also show that the molecule can be used as a genetic tag to introduce biotin binding capability to a heterologous protein. For example, recombinantly fusing the monomer to a cell surface receptor allows direct labeling and imaging of transfected cells using biotinylated fluorophores. A stable and functional streptavidin monomer, such as mSA, should be a useful reagent for designing novel detection systems based on monovalent biotin interaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of C‐Substituted 1,4,7‐ Trithiacyclononanes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Influence of Temperature and Fibril Stability on Degradation of Cartilage Collagen by Rheumatoid Synovial Collagenase (1974)

Crude synovial collagenase, an enzyme that may affect joint cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis, can destroy whole articular cartilage. To study this phenomenon under more specific conditions, we purified collagenase synthesized by primary cultures of rheumatoid synovium and used it to degrade collagen fibrils purified from human articular cartilage. These highly cross-linked fibrils were resistant to solubilization in acetic acid-pepsin extracts and, in comparison with skin collagen fibrils reconstituted without intermolecular cross-links, were somewhat resistant to the collagenase as well. However, the rate of cartilage collagen lysis was affected by changes in reaction temperature. At temperatures found within rheumatoid knee joints (36°C) collagenolysis was four times greater than at temperatures found in normal knee joints (33°C). Part of the benefit from anti-inflammatory therapy in rheumatoid arthritis may be secondary to decreasing intra-articular temperatures, thereby decreasing the rate at which collagenase degrades cartilage collagen. (N Engl J Med 290: 1–6, 1974)
Plasma proteins take their toll on the joint in osteoarthritis (2012)

In their recent study, Sohn and colleagues identify multiple plasma proteins in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and demonstrate the capacity of several of the proteins to activate macrophages via the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4). The authors speculate that the plasma proteins transit into the synovial compartment at sites of tissue damage where the endothelial barrier may be compromised, thus bringing them into contact with the articular surface and cells within the synovium. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which synovial inflammation can be initiated in patients with OA and how this process may contribute to the pathogenesis of OA joint pathology.
Some Topological Properties of Rough Sets with Tools for Data Mining (2011)

Rough set theory has a significant importance in many fields. For example, some branches of artificial intelligence, such as inductive reasoning, automatic classification, pattern recognition, learning algorithms, classification theory, cluster analysis, measurement theory and taxonomy. Also, in the domains of Medicine, Pharmacology, Banking, Market research and Engineering the rough set theory has demonstrated its usefulness. The main aim of this paper is to describe some topological properties of rough sets and open the door about more accurate topological measures of data mining.
The Dynamics of Handwriting Improves the Automated Diagnosis of Dysgraphia (2019)

Handwriting disorder (termed dysgraphia) is a far from a singular problem as nearly 8.6% of the population in France is considered dysgraphic. Moreover, research highlights the fundamental importance to detect and remediate these handwriting difficulties as soon as possible as they may affect a child's entire life, undermining performance and self-confidence in a wide variety of school activities. At the moment, the detection of handwriting difficulties is performed through a standard test called BHK. This detection, performed by therapists, is laborious because of its high cost and subjectivity. We present a digital approach to identify and characterize handwriting difficulties via a Recurrent Neural Network model (RNN). The child under investigation is asked to write on a graphics tablet all the letters of the alphabet as well as the ten digits. Once complete, the RNN delivers a diagnosis in a few milliseconds and demonstrates remarkable efficiency as it correctly identifies more than 90% of children diagnosed as dysgraphic using the BHK test. The main advantage of our tablet-based system is that it captures the dynamic features of writing -- something a human expert, such as a teacher, is unable to do. We show that incorporating the dynamic information available by the use of tablet is highly beneficial to our digital test to discriminate between typically-developing and dysgraphic children.
DoubleTake: Fast and Precise Error Detection via Evidence-Based Dynamic Analysis (2016)

This paper presents evidence-based dynamic analysis, an approach that enables lightweight analyses--under 5% overhead for these bugs--making it practical for the first time to perform these analyses in deployed settings. The key insight of evidence-based dynamic analysis is that for a class of errors, it is possible to ensure that evidence that they happened at some point in the past remains for later detection. Evidence-based dynamic analysis allows execution to proceed at nearly full speed until the end of an epoch (e.g., a heavyweight system call). It then examines program state to check for evidence that an error occurred at some time during that epoch. If so, it rolls back execution and re-executes the code with instrumentation activated to pinpoint the error. We present DoubleTake, a prototype evidence-based dynamic analysis framework. DoubleTake is practical and easy to deploy, requiring neither custom hardware, compiler, nor operating system support. We demonstrate DoubleTake's generality and efficiency by building dynamic analyses that find buffer overflows, memory use-after-free errors, and memory leaks. Our evaluation shows that DoubleTake is efficient, imposing just 4% overhead on average, making it the fastest such system to date. It is also precise: DoubleTake pinpoints the location of these errors to the exact line and memory addresses where they occur, providing valuable debugging information to programmers.
Magnetically anchored pan-tilt stereoscopic robot with optical-inertial stabilization for minimally invasive surgery (2019)

We present our latest work on designing a magnetically anchored wireless stereoscopic robot with 2 degrees of freedom (DOF) Pan-Tilt unit for single-port minimally invasive surgery (MIS). This camera could reduce the tool clashing issue in MIS and could provide better angulation and visualization of surgical field. After introduction of the robot through umbilicus (belly button), it is anchored to internal abdominal wall using a magnet from outside. Surgeon can change view angle of the camera remotely via a wireless joystick and a real-time stereo view will be displayed on a user interface screen. Since the robot is anchored using an external magnet on the abdominal wall during the surgical operation, surplus shocks and slight tremble of the robot will result in poor visualization. Therefore, we developed a real-time video stabilization scheme to eliminate these affects. Our proposed method uses a high frequency inertial measurement sensory data fused with visual optical flow vectors, extracted from the stereo camera, to estimate the unwanted shocks during the video streaming. This method compensates and stabilizes video streams in real-time by shifting the video images in the opposite direction of the estimated motion vector. We conducted several experiments including robot control, video streaming performance, and real-time video stabilization to investigate the system function. The results of these experiments are reported in this paper.