gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Celiac Disease and Bone Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2014)

Our findings suggest that clinically diagnosed celiac disease and bone fractures co-occur and that celiac disease was associated with an increased risk of hip fractures as well as fractures in general. Further research would be needed to determine whether unrecognized celiac disease is associated with the risk of bone fractures.
Virtually Structured Detection Enables Super-Resolution in Scanning Laser Microscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography (2014)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text X. Yao, R. Lu, and B. Wang, "Virtually Structured Detection Enables Super-Resolution in Scanning Laser Microscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography," in Biomedical Optics 2014, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2014), paper BT3A.16. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Fusion of fixation and odometry for vehicle navigation (1999)

This paper deals with the problem of determining the position and orientation of an autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) by fusing odometry with the information provided by a vision system. The main idea is to exploit the ability of pointing a camera in different directions, to fixate on a point of the environment while the AGV is moving. By fixating on a landmark, one can improve the navigation accuracy even if the scene coordinates of the landmark are unknown. This is a major improvement over previous methods which assume that the coordinates of the landmark are known, since any point of the observed scene can be selected as a landmark, and not just pre-measured points. This work argues that fixation is basically a simpler procedure than previously mentioned methods. The simplification comes from the fact that only one point needs to be tracked as opposed to multiple points in other methods. This disposes of the need to be able to identify which of the landmarks is currently being tracked, through a matching algorithm or by other means. We support our findings with both experimental and simulation results.
Elucidating "lucidum": Distinguishing the diverse laccate Ganoderma species of the United States (2018)

Ganoderma is a large, diverse and globally-distributed genus in the Basidiomycota that includes species causing a white rot form of wood decay on a variety of tree species. For the past century, many studies of Ganoderma in North America and other regions of the world have used the name G. lucidum sensu lato for any laccate (shiny or varnished) Ganoderma species growing on hardwood trees or substrates. Molecular studies have established that G. lucidum sensu stricto (Curtis) Karst is native to Europe and some parts of China. To determine the species of the laccate Ganoderma that are present in the United States, we studied over 500 collections from recently collected samples and herbarium specimens from hardwoods, conifers, and monocots. A multilocus phylogeny using ITS, tef1α, rpb1 and rpb2 revealed three well-supported clades, similar to previously reported findings. From the U.S. collections, thirteen taxa representing twelve species were identified, including: G. curtisii, G. lucidum sensu stricto, G. martinicense, G. oregonense, G. polychromum, G. ravenelii, G. sessile, G. tsugae, G. tuberculosum, G. cf. weberianum, G. zonatum, and Tomophagus colossus (syn. G. colossus). The species G. meredithiae is synonymized with G. curtisii, and considered a physiological variant that specializes in decay of pines. The designation G. curtisii f.sp. meredithiae forma specialis nov. is proposed. Species such as G. curtisii and G. sessile, once considered as G. lucidum sensu lato, were found to be divergent from one another, and highly divergent from G. lucidum sensu stricto. Morphological characteristics such as context tissue color and features (e.g. melanoid bands), basidiospore shape and size, geographic location, and host preference were found to aid in species identification. Surprisingly, G. lucidum sensu stricto was found in the U.S., but only in geographically restricted areas of northern Utah and California. These collections appear to have resulted from the introduction of this species into the United States possibly from mushroom growers producing G. lucidum outdoors. Overall, this study clarifies the chaotic taxonomy of the laccate Ganoderma in the United States, and will help to remove ambiguities from future studies focusing on the North American species of laccate Ganoderma.
Carotenoid Pigment Content in Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum): An Overview of Quantitative Trait Loci and Candidate Genes (2019)

Carotenoid pigment content is an important quality trait as it confers a natural bright yellow color to pasta preferred by consumers (whiteness vs. yellowness) and nutrients, such as provitamin A and antioxidants, essential for human diet. The main goal of the present review is to summarize the knowledge about the genetic regulation of the accumulation of pigment content in durum wheat grain and describe the genetic improvements obtained by using breeding approaches in the last two decades. Although carotenoid pigment content is a quantitative character regulated by various genes with additive effects, its high heritability has facilitated the durum breeding progress for this quality trait. Mapping research for yellow index and yellow pigment content has identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) on all wheat chromosomes. The major QTL, accounting for up to 60%, were mapped on 7L homoeologous chromosome arms, and they are explained by allelic variations of the phytoene synthase (<i>PSY</i>) genes. Minor QTL were detected on all chromosomes and associated to significant molecular markers, indicating the complexity of the trait. Despite there being currently a better knowledge of the mechanisms controlling carotenoid content and composition, there are gaps that require further investigation and bridging to better understand the genetic architecture of this important trait. The development and the utilization of molecular markers in marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs for improving grain quality have been reviewed and discussed.
Maximizing the Stability of Oxygen Delivered Via Nasal Cannula (1994)

To minimize variability in oxygen delivery via nasal cannula to infants, cannula flow should be reduced to the lowest possible flow by using undiluted (100%) oxygen. Supplemental oxygen may then be weaned by making small reductions in cannula flow. Cannula oxygen concentration should be reduced below 100% only after the minimum calibrated flow rate is reached. Such a strategy may maximize the stability of delivered oxygen over time as well as minimize the size of changes in delivered oxygen at each step of the weaning process.
Materials Search of Perovskite Cathode in SOFC by Statistical Analysis (2015)

We explore critical factors that can explain the oxygen exchange rate of perovskite-oxide cathode in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). It has been said that the bulk ionic conductivity is strongly related to the oxygen exchange rate, while the electronic conductivity is not as far as it is high enough. However, we found that the combination of ionic and electronic conductivities shows much stronger correlation than ionic conductivity alone while analyzing experimental data reported in the literature. Materials which have high oxygen exchange rate can be explained by the product of bulk ionic and electronic conductivities while others by the ionic conductivity alone.
GP274 Liver tests in F508del homozygous cystic fibrosis patients on orkambi (2019)

<h3>Aims</h3> Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an inherited condition causing complex, multi-system disease. Ireland has the highest incidence of CF in the world, where one in 19 people carry a defective gene. The most common detected Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) mutation in Ireland is the F508del. In 2016, 55% of patients were homozygous for F508del. Orkambi is a combination of Lumacaftor and Ivacaftor, and is licensed in the treatment of F508del homozygous CF patients. In patients taking Orkambi, serious adverse reactions related to elevated liver transaminase levels have been reported. It is recommended that ALT, AST and bilirubin are monitored every three months for the first year of treatment and annually thereafter. Our aim was to determine if patients taking Orkambi experienced a rise in their liver enzymes during treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> This study was conducted at the University Hospital Limerick, Ireland Paediatric CF unit. All 39 homozygous F508del patients on Orkambi were included. Lab results were collected for the following variables for each patient: AST, ALT, ALP, GGT and bilirubin at set time intervals Pre-Orkambi, and three, six, nine and 12 months on treatment. The Pre-Orkambi levels were compared with the three month levels. <h3>Results</h3> We determined that overall patients on Orkambi did not have a rise in liver enzymes. Unexpectedly, patients had a statistically significant decrease in their ALT (p-value 0.016), ALP (p-value 0.001), GGT (p-value 0.002) and Bilirubin (p- value 0.002). AST levels saw no significant change (p-value 0.76). Two patients had a rise in AST levels during Orkambi treatment greater than three times ULN, however, these levels then decreased with continued Orkambi use. None of our patients had any liver tests greater than eight times the ULN, or five times ULN during treatment, and none had ALT, ALP or Total Bilirubin levels greater than three times ULN during treatment. None of our patients had to stop taking Orkambi due to adverse events related to liver tests. Our findings are in contrast to those suggested by the original Orkambi trials data <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our study demonstrated that patients taking Orkambi do not experience a rise in liver tests, in fact, unexpectedly, the values decrease.
Effective isolation protocol of saffron ingredients: Semi-preparative scale preparation of crocin-1 and trans-crocetin (2013)

Extracts from saffron, the dried stigmatas from Crocus sativus L., are recognized as valuable tools for pharmaceutical development for neuroprotection and antidepressive therapy. One major lead compound is crocin-1, which gets metabolized in vivo by deglucosylation to the C20-dicarboxylic acid trans-crocetin. Trans-crocetin is responsible for potential NMDA-antagonistic effects within central nervous system. Neither crocin-1 nor crocetin are commercially available in sufficient quality and to a reasonable price. The following protocol describes simple methods to obtain both compounds from an EtOH-water extract (2:8) of saffron.
Development of Inline Solar Cell Metrology Using Contacted and Contactless Quantum Efficiency (2020)

Four batches of 500 production solar cells are evaluated using I-V at 1-Sun, and using both contacted and contactless quantum efficiency techniques. The two quantum efficiency techniques correlate very well in their blue response, both capable of revealing periodic structures in the cells measurement sequence that are related to the manufacturing processes. For each batch, the cell efficiency trends positively with the blue and red response. The contactless quantum efficiency blue response is better able to distinguish differences in emitter formation between cell batches which are processed in different diffusion tubes or furnaces.
Phospholipid fatty acyl distribution of three fungi indicates positional specificity for n‐6vs. n‐3 fatty acids (1992)

Abstract Phospholipids of the fungi Conidobolus nanodes, Entomophthora exitalis and Saprolegnia parasitica were extracted and analyzed. The phospholipid content was the same (2.4%) for the three species and was independent of the total lipid content. Phospholipase A 2 degradation of individual phospholipid classes showed an asymmetrical distribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) between the two fatty acyl positions of glycerol. There was a predominance of n‐6 PUFA at position 2 and a predominance of n‐3 PUFA at position 1. With C. nanodes and E. exitalis , 20∶5n−3 is derived from 18∶3n−3 and is located predominantly at position 1. In S. parasitica 20∶5n−3 is synthesized from 18∶3n−6 via 20∶4n−6 and is located predominantly at position 2. It is suggested that the asymmetrical distribution of PUFA between positions 1 and 2 of glycerol Points towards different sites of synthesis of the two classes of PUFA, and that cross‐over between PUFA of the different types is prevented by the sn ‐1 or sn ‐2 positional specificity of the desaturases.
Conversation of the Molecular Structure of Yeast Phenylalanine Transfer RNA in Two Crystal Forms (1974)

A comparison is made between the electron density maps of the monoclinic and orthorhombic crystal forms of yeast tRNA(Phe) which have been obtained respectively by ourselves and by another group. It is concluded that the molecular structures are essentially the same in both crystals, although the models derived from the maps are not the same. The relation between the two molecular packings is discussed, and it is suggested that the intermolecular contact in the orthorhombic form which is not present in the monoclinic form, may arise through base pairing of the anticodons of neighboring molecules.
American College of Gastroenterology Guideline on the Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection (2007)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) remains a prevalent, worldwide, chronic infection. Though the prevalence of this infection appears to be decreasing in many parts of the world, H. pylori remains an important factor linked to the development of peptic ulcer disease, gastric malignanc and dyspeptic symptoms. Whether to test for H. pylori in patients with functional dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), patients taking nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, with iron deficiency anemia, or who are at greater risk of developing gastric cancer remains controversial. H. pylori can be diagnosed by endoscopic or nonendoscopic methods. A variety of factors including the need for endoscopy, pretest probability of infection, local availability, and an understanding of the performance characteristics and cost of the individual tests influences choice of evaluation in a given patient. Testing to prove eradication should be performed in patients who receive treatment of H. pylori for peptic ulcer disease, individuals with persistent dyspeptic symptoms despite the test-and-treat strategy, those with H. pylori-associated MALT lymphoma, and individuals who have undergone resection of early gastric cancer. Recent studies suggest that eradication rates achieved by first-line treatment with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), clarithromycin, and amoxicillin have decreased to 70-85%, in part due to increasing clarithromycin resistance. Eradication rates may also be lower with 7 versus 14-day regimens. Bismuth-containing quadruple regimens for 7-14 days are another first-line treatment option. Sequential therapy for 10 days has shown promise in Europe but requires validation in North America. The most commonly used salvage regimen in patients with persistent H. pylori is bismuth quadruple therapy. Recent data suggest that a PPI, levofloxacin, and amoxicillin for 10 days is more effective and better tolerated than bismuth quadruple therapy for persistent H. pylori infection, though this needs to be validated in the United States.
Power absorption in electrically asymmetric dual frequency capacitive radio frequency discharges (2011)

The symmetry of capacitive radio frequency discharges can be controlled via the electrical asymmetry effect by driving one electrode with a fundamental frequency and its second harmonic. In such electrically asymmetric discharges, the mean ion energies at both electrodes are controlled separately from the ion flux by tuning the phase angle θ between the harmonics at fixed voltage amplitudes. Here, the question why the ion flux is nearly independent of θ is answered by investigating the power absorbed by the electrons Pe as a function of θ and time experimentally, by a particle in cell simulation, and an analytical model. The dynamics of Pe is understood by the model and is found to be strongly affected by the choice of θ⁠. However, on time average, Pe is nearly constant, independently of θ⁠. Thus, the ion flux remains approximately constant. In addition, it is shown that the absolute value of the individual voltages across the powered and grounded electrode sheath vary linearly with the dc self-bias. However, their sum remains constant. This yields, in combination with the constancy of the ion flux, a constant power absorbed by the ions and, in conclusion, a total power absorption that is independent of θ⁠.
Secure Computation in Decentralized Data Markets (2019)

Decentralized data markets gather data from many contributors to create a joint data cooperative governed by market stakeholders. The ability to perform secure computation on decentralized data markets would allow for useful insights to be gained while respecting the privacy of data contributors. In this paper, we design secure protocols for such computation by utilizing secure multi-party computation techniques including garbled circuit evaluation and homomorphic encryption. Our proposed solutions are efficient and capable of performing arbitrary computation, but we report performance on two specific applications in the healthcare domain to emphasize the applicability of our methods to sensitive datasets.
PBI-compound, a novel first-in-class anti-fibrotic compound, reduces lung fibrosis in the bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model: A comparative study with pirfenidone (2013)

Background : The pathobiological mechanisms underlying the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are highly complex. Aims : To compare the effect of PBI-Compound, pirfenidone, and combination of both compounds on inflammatory/fibrotic mRNA expression of key mediators (inflammation/pro-fibrotic: TGF-β, CTGF, IL 6, IL23p19; fibrotic: collagen I, fibronectin; and remodeling: SPARC, MMP-2), and on histological lesions in the bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model. Methods : Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin was administered on day 0. Mice were treated with PBI-Compound, or pirfenidone, or combination of both compounds starting on day 7 to 21. Results : Bleomycin induced a significant increase in mRNA expression of all key mediators in the lung. PBI-Compound and combination therapy significantly decreased TGF-β, CTGF, IL-6 and IL23p19 expression in lung, while pirfenidone had no effect on CTGF. All treatments induced a significant reduction of collagen I and fibronectin expression to the control level (no bleomycin). PBI-Compound and combination therapy induced a significant reduction of SPARC while pirfenidone demonstrated no effect. PBI-Compound and pirfenidone induced a weak inhibition of MMP-2 while the combination therapy induced a significant reduction. Based on Ashcroft’s score, PBI-Compound and combination therapy demonstrated significant reduction of lung fibrosis while pirfenidone alone demonstrated weak but no significant activity at the histological level. Conclusions : PBI-Compound or combination therapy with pirfenidone may be an efficacious treatment in IPF.
Osteocyte-Driven Downregulation of Snail Restrains Effects of Drd2 Inhibitors on Mammary Tumor Cells (2018)

While bone is a frequent target of breast cancer-associated metastasis, little is known about the effects of tumor-bone interactions on the efficacy of tumor-suppressing agents. Here we examined the effect of two FDA-approved dopamine modulators, Fluphenazine (FP) and Trifluoperazine (TFP), on mammary tumor cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes. These agents suppressed proliferation and migration of mammary tumor cells chiefly by antagonizing dopamine receptor D2 and reduced bone resorption by downregulating nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (Nfatc1). Three-dimensional spheroid formation assays revealed that tumor cells have high affinity to osteocytes and type I collagen, and interactions with osteocytes as well as administration of FP and TFP downregulated Snail and suppressed migratory behaviors. Unlike the inhibitory action of FP and TFP on tumor growth, tumor-osteocyte interactions stimulated tumor proliferation by upregulating NFκB and Akt. In the bone microenvironment, osteocytes downregulated Snail and acted as an attractant as well as a stimulant to mammary tumor cells. These results demonstrate that tumor-osteocyte interactions strengthen dopamine receptor-mediated suppression of tumor migration but weaken its inhibition of tumor proliferation in the osteocyte-rich bone microenvironment.
Atmospheric nucleation: Measurements, mechanisms, and dynamics (2009)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. September 2009. Major: Chemical Engineering. Advisors: Peter H. McMurry, Alon V. McCormick. 1 computer file (PDF); vi, 107 pages.
Cardiac involvement in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease) (2011)

Progressive cardiac involvement with repolarization disturbances, ventricular hypertrophy, and sinus node dysfunction occur in JNCL. We recommend that the attention on heart involvement in JNCL and other neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis subtypes should be intensified.
Escape analysis on lists (1992)

Higher order functional programs constantly allocate objects dynamically. These objects are typically cons cells, closures, and records and are generally allocated in the heap and reclaimed later by some garbage collection process. This paper describes a compile time analysis, called escape analysis, for determining the lifetime of dynamically created objects in higher order functional programs, and describes optimizations that can be performed, based on the analysis, to improve storage allocation and reclamation of such objects. In particular, our analysis can be applied to programs manipulating lists, in which case optimizations can be performed to allow cons cells in spines of lists to be either reclaimed immediately or reused without incurring any garbage collection overhead. In a previous paper on escape analysis [10], we had left open the problem of performing escape analysis on lists. Escape analysis simply determines when the argument (or some part of the argument) to a function call is returned by that call. This simple piece of information turns out to be sufficiently powerful to allow stack allocation of objects, compile-time garbage collection, reduction of run-time storage reclamation overhead, and other optimizations that are possible when the lifetimes of objects can be computed statically. Our approach is to define a high-level non-standard semantics that, in many ways, is similar to the standard semantics and captures the escape behavior caused by the constructs in a functional language. The advantage of our analysis lies in its conceptual simplicity and portability (i.e. no assumption is made about an underlying abstract machine).
Coherent phonons from the CDW state inη−Mo4O11 (1998)

The charge-density-wave (CDW) phase transition in $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Mo}}_{4}{\mathrm{O}}_{11}$ is studied by femtosecond time-resolved reflection. We observed coherent optical phonons in the reflectivity signal in both the normal and the CDW states. Below the transition temperature ${T}_{c1},$ six vibrational modes were clearly detected. Four of them, centered at 64, 78, 85, and $98{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1},$ were enhanced below ${T}_{c1}.$ We conclude that the generation of these coherent phonon modes are closely related to the CDW state.