gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyglycidols with Two Orthogonal Protective Groups:  Preparation, Selective Deprotection, and Functionalization (2007)

Anionic ring-opening polymerization and copolymerization of allyl glycidyl ether (AGE), tert-butyl glycidyl ether (tBuGE), and ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether (EEGE) was performed using potassium 3-phenyl-1-propanol as initiator. The polymers poly(AGE), poly(tBuGE), poly(EEGE) as well as poly(AGE-co-tBuGE), poly(AGE-co-EEGE), and poly(EEGE-co-tBuGE) were obtained with controlled degree of polymerization, narrow molecular weight distribution and a predetermined ratio of repeating units. First-order kinetics with respect to the glycidyl monomers were found for homo- and copolymerization. The removal of protection groups from the homopolymers was achieved using trifluoroacetic acid for poly(tBuGE), aqueous hydrochloric acid for poly(EEGE), and a palladium catalyst for poly(AGE); in all cases a linear poly(glycidyl ether) (poly(GE), 1) was obtained. The following conversions were achieved by selective removal of only one protection group: using aqueous hydrochloric acid, poly(AGE-co-EEGE) was converted to poly(AGE-co-GE) 4; using trifluoroacetic acid, poly(AGE-co-tBuGE) was converted to poly(AGE-co-glycidyl trifluoroacetate), 5; and by using Pd/C and p-toluenesulfonic acid poly(AGE-co-tBuGE) was converted to poly(GE-co-tBuGE), 3. A selective removal of only one protection group from poly(EEGE-co-tBuGE) was not possible. Treatment with aqueous hydrochloric acid or with trifluoroacetic acid lead to poly(GE), 1, and poly(glycidyl trifluoroacetate), 2, respectively. Finally free hydroxymethyl groups of the polymers poly(GE-co-tBuGE), 3, and poly(AGE-co-GE), 4, were partially converted in a polymer analogous reaction using propargyl bromide to the corresponding polymers with glycidyl propargyl ether (GPE) repeating units. In a model reaction one of these polymers with GPE repeating units was successfully converted with an azido sugar moiety in a (2 + 3) cycloaddition reaction.
Indoor pedestrian navigation using an INS/EKF framework for yaw drift reduction and a foot-mounted IMU (2010)

The estimation of the position of a person in a building is a must for creating Intelligent Spaces. State-of-the-art Local Positioning Systems (LPS) require a complex sensor-network infrastructure to locate with enough accuracy and coverage. Alternatively, Inertial Measuring Units (IMU) can be used to estimate the movement of a person; a methodology that is called Pedestrian Dead-Reckoning (PDR). In this paper, we describe and implement a Kalman-based framework, called INS-EKF-ZUPT (IEZ), to estimate the position and attitude of a person while walking. IEZ makes use of an Extended Kalman filter (EKF), an INS mechanization algorithm, a Zero Velocity Update (ZUPT) methodology, as well as, a stance detection algorithm. As the IEZ methodology is not able to estimate the heading and its drift (non-observable variables), then several methods are used for heading drift reduction: ZARU, HDR and Compass. The main contribution of the paper is the integration of the heading drift reduction algorithms into a Kalman-based IEZ platform, which represents an extended PDR methodology (IEZ+) valid for operation in indoor spaces with local magnetic disturbances. The IEZ+ PDR methodology was tested in several simulated and real indoor scenarios with a low-performance IMU mounted on the foot. The positioning errors were about 1% of the total travelled distance, which are good figures if compared with other works using IMUs of higher performance.
Vancomycin and Clarithromycin Show Synergy against Mycobacterium abscessus In Vitro (2017)

Lung disease caused by <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> is increasing, and current clarithromycin-based treatment regimens are only moderately effective. Here, we determined the effect of clarithromycin-vancomycin combination against <i>M. abscessus</i> complex isolates <i>in vitro</i> Synergy was found with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) score of ≤0.5 and a 4- to 10-fold decrease in MIC.
Unequal error protection on turbo-encoder outputbits (1997)

Traditional turbo codes using BPSK modulation provide equal noise margins for the turbo-encoder output bits. It is shown that imposing unequal error protection (UEP) on the encoder output bits improves the code performance.
MR-Bildgebung der intrinsischen Handmuskulatur: Spektrum der MR-Befunde und klinische Korrelation (2005)

Ziele: Die Beschreibung des Spektrums von Abnormitäten der intrinsischen Handmuskulatur im MRT bei Patienten mit dem klinischen Verdacht auf einen Handmuskelschaden und die Korrelation der klinischen und radiologischen Befunde. Methode: Es wurden 21 MR-Untersuchungen der Hand bei Patienten mit klinischem Verdacht auf einen Schaden der intrinsischen Handmuskulatur in einem 1.5 T System unter Verwendung von transaxialen T1-, T2- oder STIR-gewichteten Sequenzen durchgeführt. Zwei Begutachter werteten alle MR-Bilder retrospektiv und in geblindeter Weise aus. Es wurden die exakte anatomische Lokalisation der Muskelabnormität, das Signalverhalten der Muskeln, das Vorhandensein einer Muskelatrophie und die mögliche Ätiologie analysiert. Die Interobserver-Übereinstimmung wurde mittels Kappa-Statistik, die Korrelation der klinischen und radiologischen Befunde mittels Spearman‘s Rank Test ermittelt. Eine Expertengruppe, bestehend aus je einem Radiologen, Handchirurgen und Neurologen, analysierte den Einfluss der MR-Untersuchung auf die endgültige Diagnosefindung. Ergebnis: Die MRT zeigte Abnormitäten (Signalalteration und/oder Muskelatrophie) der lumbrikalen und interossären Handmuskeln in 10 von 21 Händen (47%), der Thenarmuskeln in 8/21 Händen (38%) und der Hypothenarmuskeln in 12/21 Händen (57%). Die Korrelation zwischen klinischem und radiologischem Befund war moderat bis stark bezüglich der interossären, thenaren- und hypothenaren Handmuskeln (0,43–0,84). Die MR-Untersuchung trug in 17/21 Händen (81%) wesentlich zur endgültigen Diagnosefindung bei. Schlussfolgerung: Die MR-Untersuchung der Hand bei Patienten mit Abnormitäten der intrinsischen Handmuskulatur ist sinnvoll und korreliert gut mit dem klinischen Befund.
Improvement of the oxidation interface in an AlGaAs/AlxOy waveguide structure by using a GaAs/AlAs superlattice (2013)

Abstract The wet oxidation from the mesa sidewalls of AlGaAs/GaAs epitaxial structures is investigated in details. In addition to the intended lateral oxidation of the Al‐rich buried layer, we observe a parasitic vertical oxidation of the adjacent layers of lower Al content. This vertical oxidation produces a rough interface between the oxidized and non‐oxidized materials and reduces the effective thickness of the adjacent layers. This detrimental phenomenon is drastically reduced when the adjacent layer is replaced by a GaAs/AlAs superlattice (SL). In this case, a sharp interface between the Al‐Ga‐oxide and the SL is obtained after the oxidation process. Further experiments point out the critical role of hydrogen in the oxidation process of low Al content alloys. Hydrogen atoms produced during the oxidation of the Al‐rich layer are proposed to be responsible for the vertical oxidation of the adjacent layers. We devise that the SL interfaces are favorable to reduce the diffusion of the reactants in the vertical direction.
High platelet count as a poor prognostic factor for liver cancer patients without cirrhosis (2020)

A low platelet count, one of parameters of portal hypertension, is clinically a predictor of postoperative mortality, while platelets induce tumor development during growth factor secretion. In this study, we retrospectively investigated whether high platelet count negatively affects the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients undergoing initial and curative resection for HCC were included. Surgical outcomes were compared between the high platelet (platelet count ≥ 20 × 10<sup>4</sup>/μL) and control (< 20 × 10<sup>4</sup>/μL) groups in patients without cirrhosis and between the low platelet (< 10 × 10<sup>4</sup>/μL) and control (≥ 10 × 10<sup>4</sup>/μL) groups in patients with cirrhosis. Among patients without cirrhosis, tumor was larger (P < 0.001) and tumor thrombus was more frequent (P < 0.001) in the high-platelet group than in the control group. After a median follow-up period of 3.1 years (range 0.2-16.2), median overall survival was 6.3 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3-7.8) and 7.6 years (6.6-10.9) in the high-platelet (n = 273) and control (n = 562) groups, respectively (P = 0.027). Among patients with cirrhosis, liver function was worse (P < 0.001) and varices were more frequent (P < 0.001) in the low-platelet group. The median overall survival of patients in the low-platelet group (n = 172) was significantly shorter than that of patients in the control group (n = 275) (4.5 years [95% CI, 3.7-6.0] vs. 5.9 years [4.5-7.5], P = 0.038). Taken together, thrombocytopenia indicates poor prognosis in HCC patients with cirrhosis, while thrombocytosis is a poor prognostic predictor for those without cirrhosis.
Predictive Value of a Screening Test for Antibodies to HTLV-III (1986)

A test for the detection of antibodies to HTLV-III is available and will be widely used to screen donated blood to prevent transfusion-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Based upon the sensitivity and specificity, the authors calculated the expected predictive values for different groups of asymptomatic individuals using Bayes' theorem. The prevalence of HTLV-III infection has great impact upon the positive and negative predictive values of the test. For a member of the general population there is a less than 3% chance that a positive test represents a true positive. High-risk patients, such as hemophiliacs, with a positive test will have a greater than 95% chance of actually having antibodies to HTLV-III, but the negative predictive value of the test in this group is less than ideal. The authors recommend that all positive tests for HTLV-III be confirmed by more specific methods when obtained in low-risk people. Members of high-risk groups for AIDS should continue to refrain from donating blood, despite the availability of the screening test.
Endothelial function and baroreflex sensitivity according to the oral glucose tolerance test in patients with coronary artery disease and normal fasting glucose levels (2005)

Endothelial dysfunction and reduced BRS (baroreflex sensitivity) may be present in patients with CAD (coronary artery disease). The normal fasting glucose level does not exclude abnormal glucose metabolism in patients with CAD. The aim of present study was to evaluate endothelial function and BRS according to glucose metabolism in patients with normal fasting plasma glucose and stable CAD subjected to PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty). Forty-six consecutive patients who underwent elective PTCA were studied (37 men; mean age 56 years). Endothelial function was assessed non-invasively using the arterial vasodilator response to salbutamol (albuterol). BRS was measured using a cross-correlation method. The extent of coronary narrowing was estimated by calculation of the Gensini score. All patients underwent a 75 g OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test). IGT (impaired glucose tolerance) or diabetes was present in approx. 60% of patients. The vasodilator response to salbutamol, as a measure of endothelial dysfunction, was significantly impaired in patients with IGT or diabetes compared with those with normal glucose tolerance (-0.5+/-1.6% compared with -7.9+/-2.2; P=0.01). Glucose metabolism and age were significant predictors of endothelial dysfunction (R(2)=35.2%, P=0.02). BRS did not differ significantly between patients with normal glucose tolerance and those with IGT or diabetes (6.9+/-1.2 compared with 6.1+/-0.6 ms/mmHg respectively; P=0.669). BRS was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.34, P=0.021) and the Gensini score (r=-0.34, P=0.022). The significant predictors of BRS were Gensini score, age and past myocardial infarction (R(2)=37.02%, P=0.002). Patients with established CAD, normal fasting glucose and IGT or diabetes demonstrated impaired endothelial function which did not correlate with the extent of coronary artery involvement. Conversely, BRS in the study population was not affected by glucose metabolism, but showed an interaction with the extent of coronary narrowing.
Estimating measures of interaction on an additive scale for preventive exposures (2011)

Measures of interaction on an additive scale (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI], attributable proportion [AP], synergy index [S]), were developed for risk factors rather than preventive factors. It has been suggested that preventive factors should be recoded to risk factors before calculating these measures. We aimed to show that these measures are problematic with preventive factors prior to recoding, and to clarify the recoding method to be used to circumvent these problems. Recoding of preventive factors should be done such that the stratum with the lowest risk becomes the reference category when both factors are considered jointly (rather than one at a time). We used data from a case-control study on the interaction between ACE inhibitors and the ACE gene on incident diabetes. Use of ACE inhibitors was a preventive factor and DD ACE genotype was a risk factor. Before recoding, the RERI, AP and S showed inconsistent results (RERI = 0.26 [95%CI: -0.30; 0.82], AP = 0.30 [95%CI: -0.28; 0.88], S = 0.35 [95%CI: 0.02; 7.38]), with the first two measures suggesting positive interaction and the third negative interaction. After recoding the use of ACE inhibitors, they showed consistent results (RERI = -0.37 [95%CI: -1.23; 0.49], AP = -0.29 [95%CI: -0.98; 0.40], S = 0.43 [95%CI: 0.07; 2.60]), all indicating negative interaction. Preventive factors should not be used to calculate measures of interaction on an additive scale without recoding.
<title>Spectrally adaptive imaging camera for automatic target contrast enhancement</title> (1999)

This presentation describes the major performance characteristics of the developed camera and demonstrates some results of target contrast enhancement in laboratory and field experiments.
Micropallet Arrays as an Integrated Platform for the Characterization and Manipulation of Single Cells (2019)

Cell isolations remain a critical bottleneck in cell biology. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) revolutionized the field by enabling rapid sorting of samples based on cell surface markers and bulk optical properties. Despite these advances, it remains impossible or prohibitively difficult to sort cells based on dynamic and morphological characteristics or to sort cells from extremely small samples such as are typically acquired from patient biopsies and small animal models. The work described in this dissertation is focused on the development of an integrated platform that can surmount the limitations of existing sorting technologies through the integration of a microfabricated platform and image cytometry. The integration of simple microdevices such as microwell arrays with image-based cytometry has enabled temporally and spatially resolved single-cell measurements to be performed with high-throughput yet such instruments remain incapable of sorting cells based on this expanded feature-space. Micropallet arrays are a simple, scalable platform for performing high-throughput single-cell assays with spatial and temporal resolution. Individual elements from the array can also be released using low-energy laser pulses, enabling single-cell isolations to be performed with high purity and yield from extremely small samples. A transparent, biocompatible and superparamagnetic composite photoresist was developed to enable the fabrication of micropallet arrays which could be manipulated by external magnetic fields after release. This enabled the collection of released micropallets against gravity to improve the purity of sorts. An imaging cytometer was developed which combined high-throughput automated image acquisition and analysis of micropallet arrays with automated laser-based miropallet release for single-cell isolation. As a demonstration of the capability of micropallet arrays to sort exceedingly small and diverse samples as well as to characterize the performance of the automated platform, patient-derived xenograft tumor samples were sorted to yield pure populations of tumor cells from a mixture of tumor and host stromal tissue. This platform was subsequently applied to the study of the heterogeneity exhibited by monoclonal melanoma cell populations in their dynamic response to stimulation by Wnt-3a.
Ternary Polymer Solar Cells with High Open Circuit Voltage containing Fullerene and New Thieno[3',2',6,7][1]Benzothieno[3,2‐b]Thieno[3,2‐g][1]Benzothiophene‐based Non‐fullerene Small Molecule Acceptor (2021)

Herein, the synthesis of a new medium bandgap nonfullerene acceptor DBTBT‐IC consisting of di‐benzothieno [3,2‐b][1]‐benzothiophene DBTBT as the central donor unit and IC as terminal acceptor units and its use as the acceptor for the fabrication of single binary and ternary polymer solar cells is reported. DBTBT‐IC exhibits a medium optical bandgap of about 1.65 eV. When paired with the wide bandgap‐conjugated polymer PDTNIT as donor, the polymer solar cells based on the optimized PDTNIT: DBTBT‐IC active layer realized a power conversion efficiency of 12.34% (short‐circuit current = 8.06 mA cm −2 , open‐circuit voltage = 1.12 V, and fill factor (FF) = 0.62) which is higher than that for the PDTNIT:PC 71 BM counterpart, i.e., 9.08 % (short‐circuit current=14.58 mA cm −2 , open‐circuit voltage = 0.93 V, and FF = 0.67). When a small amount of PC 71 BM was introduced into the host PDTNIT: DBTBT‐IC binary layer, the polymer solar cell based on the optimized PDTNIT:PC 71 BM: DBTBT‐IC (1:0.3:0.9) ternary active layer attained an excellent power conversion efficiency of about 15.92 %, mainly due to the increase in short‐circuit current and FF. The increase in the short‐circuit current may be associated with the broader absorption profile of the ternary active layer as compared with the binary counterparts and more efficient exciton utilization, due the partial energy transfer from PC 71 BM to DBTBT‐IC .
DDEL-17. POOLED CANCER CELL SCREENING IDENTIFIES GENOMIC DETERMINANTS OF NANOPARTICLE DELIVERY TO CANCER CELLS: SUB ANALYSIS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMOR CELL LINES (2022)

Abstract Background There is great interest in utilizing nanoparticles to improve drug delivery to central nervous system (CNS) tumors, but the biologic features underlying successful delivery at the tumor site are not known. METHODS We developed a pooled screening assay to investigate cellular features predictive of nanoparticle delivery and screened 35 fluorescent nanoparticle formulations against 488 pooled cancer cell lines with DNA barcodes. The nanoparticle library was comprised of nonlethal liposomal or polymeric cores with varied surface functionality, including natural and synthetic polymers. Cells were profiled using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and barcodes sequenced and deconvolved to generate an association score for each nanoparticle-cell line pair. RESULTS Of 488 cancer cell lines, 22 cancer cell lineages (tissues of origin) were included. There were 35 cell lines derived from CNS tumors; of these 22 were classified as astrocytoma or glioblastoma, one as oligodendroglioma, and 2 as medulloblastoma. Of CNS tumor cell lines, 40% were from female patients and average age at cell line derivation was 52 years; TP53 hotspot mutations were detected in 25/35 lines, PTEN hotspot mutations in 15/25 lines. Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering by nanoparticle association profiles, CNS tumor lines did not cluster together by lineage, subtype, or mutation status but rather by baseline expression of genes involved in nanocarrier trafficking. Nanoparticle association profiles were heterogeneous among the CNS tumor lines for most formulations, though CNS tumor lines had high association with polystyrene formulations with respect to other lineages. Select CNS tumor lines had high uptake of liposomes coated with the natural polymers fucoidan, alginate, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate; these trends were further probed in a non-pooled screen of 5 additional cell lines. Conclusions Uptake of liposomal and polymeric nanoparticles is heterogeneous across CNS tumor lines, but can be predicted using baseline gene expression.
Characterization of hepatic and brain metabolism in young adults with glycogen storage disease type I – a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study (2007)

Glycogen storage disease type 1 (GSD1) is a rare inherited defect of endogenous glucose production. While children present with severe hypoglycemia the propensity for hypoglycemia may decrease with age in these patients.
Photochemical stability of electrochromic polymers and devices (2013)

The stability of fully printed flexible organic electrochromics based on 11 different conjugated polymers is explored from the fundamental chemical degradation level to the operational device level. The photochemical stability of the electrochromic polymers (ECPs) is studied enabling an analysis of the influence that the chemical constitution of the conjugated polymer backbone has on the photochemical stability. Based on changes in the UV-visible absorption and IR spectra, the polymers were categorized into two distinct groups, each with a separate degradation mechanism. During irradiation (1000 W m−2, AM 1.5G) under ambient conditions the majority of the polymers degraded within 4–5 hours. Three polymers showed increased stability with degradation rates from 0.44 to 1.58% per hour measured as loss of absorption. Application of oxygen and UV barrier foils was found to drastically slow the photochemical decomposition of the polymer films, such that after 2200 hours of continuous irradiation the less stable polymer films were degraded 27% on average, while the degradation of the most stable polymer films was immeasurable thus indicating that such materials can be sufficiently stable for device operations for many years under indoor conditions and for a few years under outside conditions. Finally, functioning electrochromic devices (ECDs) were made and the effect of illumination on the response time and optical contrast was established. This report shows that encapsulated electrochromic devices based on flexible barrier substrates exhibit increased stability and are indeed viable in devices such as shading elements, light management systems, displays with low switching speed requirements and signage.