gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism in Cancer Cachexia: Investigative Techniques and Therapeutic Interventions (1993)

Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome characterized primarily by diminished nutrient intake and progressive tissue depletion that is manifest clinically as anorexia and host weight loss. The gradual loss of host protein stores is central to this process. This review outlines the techniques that have been used to evaluate human amino acid metabolism, their application in patients with cancer cachexia, and possible therapeutic interventions designed to overcome alterations in host protein and amino acid metabolism associated with malignant cachexia. The techniques of nitrogen balance and 3-methylhistidine excretion provide indirect estimates of overall nitrogen metabolism and skeletal muscle myofibrillar protein breakdown. Measurement of circulating amino acid concentrations, particularly when combined with assessment of arterial-venous differences and regional amino acid balance allows for investigation of interorgan amino acid metabolism. One of the most significant advances in in vivo amino acid metabolic research has been the development of labeled amino acid tracer studies to evaluate whole body and regional amino acid kinetics. The use of stable and unstable amino acid isotopes in these techniques is reviewed in detail. Virtually all of these techniques have now been employed in the evaluation of human cancer cachexia. The results of studies evaluating amino acid concentrations, regional amino acid balance, and 3-methylhistidine excretion are summarized. The use of regional and whole body kinetic studies in cancer cachexia are reviewed extensively. Most investigators have observed increased rates of whole body protein turnover, synthesis, and catabolism in both weight-stable and weight-losing cancer patients. Some studies have suggested a relationship between the extent of disease and the degree of aberration in amino acid kinetic parameters. Investigators have attempted to reverse some of these alterations by provision of substrate (nutritional support) or administration of specific pharmacologic or anabolic agents such as hydrazine sulfate, insulin, growth hormone, and beta-2 agonists. The role of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in cancer and its effects on protein and amino acid kinetics and tumor growth are addressed. The possible benefits of specific amino acid nutritional formulations with increased branched chain amino acids, arginine, and glutamine are reviewed. Although many of these approaches appear promising, significant impact on clinically definable parameters remains to be demonstrated. A better understanding of the underlying protein catabolic mechanisms of cancer cachexia will likely lead to more effective therapies to reverse the protein calorie malnutrition associated with cancer cachexia.
Histoautoradiographic Localization of Calcium in Oat Plant Tissues (1966)

The leaching of water-soluble and exchangeable calcium in histoautoradiog-raphy of oat tissue can be prevented by using acetone as the dehydration fluid (freeze substitution technique) and by keeping the tissue sections, while stretching on water, embedded in the methacrylate matrix. Ca45 was either added to the mineral solution on which the oat plants were grown (75 μc), or applied on the leaf surface (8 μc). After freezing in melting isopentane, specimens of 1-2 mm dimensions are fixed for 24 hr in an acetone-OsO4 (1%) solution at—80 C. Dehydration is obtained by transferring the material every day for 6 successive days to a fresh acetone solution at—80 C. The material is infiltrated by a three-time renewed monomer methacrylate mixture (methylmethacrylate I, butylmethacrylate 4) at—50 C. The specimens are embedded in the polymerizing methacrylate mixture at room temperature. Sections of 4-8 μ are easily cut with a rotating microtome. If the methacrylate is not removed from the sections, they can be stretched on water without leaching of calcium. The presence of methacrylate in no way hinders microscopic observation nor effective histoautoradiography.
Lifetime Clinical Course of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2023)

In this unique HCM cohort followed for up to 50 years, often before contemporary therapies became widely implemented for HCM, HF frequently progressed over time, while arrhythmic SCD events were less common and remained constant over time. Despite spanning different management eras over 5 decades, HCM-related mortality remained relatively low (1.3%/y).
Quadrupole illumination for improving the signal to noise ratio in microwave imaging (2016)

A quadrupole illumination scheme with specific phase distribution at the excitation elements is proposed in order to improve the noise performance of microwave imaging systems. In comparison with conventional single antenna illumination, the proposed system features simpler calibration while at the same time drastically improving the signal-to-noise ratio. An application with planar scanning is considered here; however, the quadrupole illumination is also applicable to cylindrical and spherical acquisition surfaces.
Identifizierung und Analyse von Maismutanten mit Defekten im C 4-Zyklus (2005)

The C4-metabolism in Maize (Zea mays) serves to efficiently concentrate CO2 near the enzyme RuBisCo. Therefore the photorespiration, as we can find in C3-plants, is suppressed. Although numerous investigations deal with the regulation of the C4-photosynthesis, a lot of factors which take part in it are unknown. To make a contribution to the identification of necessary elements of the C4-photosynthesis in maize plants with defects in the C4-cycle should be identified by analysis of mutated maize populations. Based on the mechanism of the CO2-fixation and their enzymatic equipment during the CO2- absorption C3-plants discriminate far stronger against the heavy carbon isotope 13C than C4-plants do. By screening a mutated maize population regarding the 13C-content, mutants with clear differences in the anatomy, the metabolism and the transcription status in comparison to a wildtype were identified. The mutants show a reduction in the number of chloroplasts and changes in the morphology of bundle sheet- and mesophyllchloroplasts. The plants photosynthesis rate is reduced and the apparent compensation point approaches that of C3-plants. Furthermore the abundance of C4-specific transcripts and metabolites has changed. Physiological and genetic reasons for the phenotype are comparatively assessed in the discussion. In another population of mutated maize plants a line with transposon integration in the putative promoter of the Dof1 gene was identified by PCR-screening. DOF1 is described to play a central role in the regulation of the C4-specific gene expression. The insertion of the transposon leads to an inactivation of the Dof1 promoter and to a restricted transcription of Dof1 in the mutants. The analysis of the mutants shows, that in contrast to published data, DOF1 is not necessary for the induction of the transcription of Pepc, the key enzyme of the C4-photosynthesis. For Dof1 a light induced expression with an exceptional fast reaction to the light stimulus was observed. The parameters of the nitrogen and carbon metabolism are unchanged in comparison to wildtype plants.
Bioglass 45S5 transformation and molding material in the processing of biodegradable poly-DL-lactide scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (2012)

This chapter provides the rationale behind undertaking research pertaining to Bioglass 45S5 transformation and molding material in the processing of biodegradable poly-DLlactide scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Separation of Large DNA Fragments by Capillary Electrophoresis under Pulsed-Field Conditions (1994)

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), using an entangled polyacrylamide solution, was applied to large DNA samples under pulsed-field conditions. Highly efficient separations were achieved under biased sinusoidal field and field-inversion pulsing regimes. The separations that were obtained with 8.3-48.5 kb lambda DNA standards and 48.5 kb-1 Mb lambda DNA concatamers (modified with ethidium bromide) clearly demonstrate a dramatic improvement in the separation time (roughly, 10-50 times) over the conventionally used slab-gel techniques. Moreover, the CZE method appears much more sensitive and amenable to component quantification and method automation.
REDAT: Accent-Invariant Representation for End-to-End ASR by Domain Adversarial Training with Relabeling (2020)

Accents mismatching is a critical problem for end-to-end ASR. This paper aims to address this problem by building an accent-robust RNN-T system with domain adversarial training (DAT). We unveil the magic behind DAT and provide, for the first time, a theoretical guarantee that DAT learns accent-invariant representations. We also prove that performing the gradient reversal in DAT is equivalent to minimizing the Jensen-Shannon divergence between domain output distributions. Motivated by the proof of equivalence, we introduce reDAT, a novel technique based on DAT, which relabels data using either unsupervised clustering or soft labels. Experiments on 23K hours of multi-accent data show that DAT achieves competitive results over accent-specific baselines on both native and non-native English accents but up to 13% relative WER reduction on unseen accents; our reDAT yields further improvements over DAT by 3% and 8% relatively on non-native accents of American and British English.
Supplementary Table 2 from A YAP/TAZ-Regulated Molecular Signature Is Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 2. Antibodies used in the study.&lt;/p&gt;
Real-time dynamic voltage scaling for low-power embedded operating systems (2001)

In recent years, there has been a rapid and wide spread of non-traditional computing platforms, especially mobile and portable computing devices. As applications become increasingly sophisticated and processing power increases, the most serious limitation on these devices is the available battery life. Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) has been a key technique in exploiting the hardware characteristics of processors to reduce energy dissipation by lowering the supply voltage and operating frequency. The DVS algorithms are shown to be able to make dramatic energy savings while providing the necessary peak computation power in general-purpose systems. However, for a large class of applications in embedded real-time systems like cellular phones and camcorders, the variable operating frequency interferes with their deadline guarantee mechanisms, and DVS in this context, despite its growing importance, is largely overlooked/under-developed. To provide real-time guarantees, DVS must consider deadlines and periodicity of real-time tasks, requiring integration with the real-time scheduler. In this paper, we present a class of novel algorithms called real-time DVS (RT-DVS) that modify the OS's real-time scheduler and task management service to provide significant energy savings while maintaining real-time deadline guarantees. We show through simulations and a working prototype implementation that these RT-DVS algorithms closely approach the theoretical lower bound on energy consumption, and can easily reduce energy consumption 20% to 40% in an embedded real-time system.
Herbs in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus with An Emphasis on Ginseng (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Problem of Diabetes Mellitus Opportunity for Herbs in Diabetes Evidence for the Efficacy of Herbs in Diabetes Evidence for the Efficacy of Ginseng in Diabetes Limitations of the Evidence for Herbs and Diabetes Conclusions References
Heterologous Production of Methionine-γ-Lyase from Brevibacterium linens in Lactococcus lactis and Formation of Volatile Sulfur Compounds (2009)

The conversion of methionine to volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) is of great importance in flavor formation during cheese ripening and is the focus of biotechnological approaches toward flavor improvement. A synthetic mgl gene encoding methionine-gamma-lyase (MGL) from Brevibacterium linens BL2 was cloned into a Lactococcus lactis expression plasmid under the control of the nisin-inducible promoter PnisA. When expressed in L. lactis and purified as a recombinant protein, MGL was shown to degrade L-methionine as well as other sulfur-containing compounds such as L-cysteine, L-cystathionine, and L-cystine. Overproduction of MGL in recombinant L. lactis also resulted in an increase in the degradation of these compounds compared to the wild-type strain. Importantly, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified considerably higher formation of methanethiol (and its oxidized derivatives dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide) in reactions containing either purified protein, whole cells, or cell extracts from the heterologous L. lactis strain. This is the first report of production of MGL from B. linens in L. lactis. Given their significance in cheese flavor development, the use of lactic acid bacteria with enhanced VSC-producing abilities could be an efficient way to enhance cheese flavor development.
Universal coding of the reals (2018)

We propose a modular framework for representing the real numbers that generalizes ieee, posits, and related floating-point number systems, and which has its roots in universal codes for the positive integers such as the Elias codes. This framework unifies several known but seemingly unrelated representations within a single schema while also introducing new representations. We particularly focus on variable-length encoding of the binary exponent and on the manner in which fraction bits are mapped to values. Our framework builds upon and shares many of the attractive properties of posits but allows for independent experimentation with exponent codes, fraction mappings, reciprocal closure, rounding modes, handling of under- and overflow, and underlying precision.
Supplementary Figure from Post-transplant Malignancies Show Reduced T-cell Abundance and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures as Correlates of Impaired Cancer Immunosurveillance (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Post-transplant Malignancies Show Reduced T-cell Abundance and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures as Correlates of Impaired Cancer Immunosurveillance
Effects of plasmid-mediated growth hormone-releasing hormone supplementation on LL-2 adenocarcinoma in mice (2003)

This study was designed to measure the effects of plasmid growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) supplementation on LL-2 (Lewis lung adenocarcinoma) tumor-bearing immunocompetent mice. Male and female mice (n = 20/group/experiment) received 2.5 x 10(6) LL-2 cells in the left flank. One day later, we injected the mice intramuscularly with 20 micro g of a myogenic plasmid, pSP-hGHRH or pSP-betagal, as a control. Mean serum IGF-I was significantly higher in treated animals versus controls (P < 0.05). Male and female mice constitutively expressing GHRH exhibited a decline in tumor growth rate relative to controls (20% for males, P < 0.03, and 11% for females, P < 0.13). Histopathological analysis revealed that treated animals were less likely to develop lung metastases than controls (11%) and had no alternate-organ metastases. The number of metastases/lung was reduced by 57% in female mice with GHRH treatment (P < 0.006). When tumor size exceeded 8% of body weight, GHRH-treated mice showed normal urea, creatinine, and kidney volume, while controls displayed signs of renal insufficiency. This study provides evidence that with plasmid-mediated GHRH supplementation in tumor-bearing mice, tumor growth rate is not increased but is actually attenuated.
Continuous 3D-printing for additive manufacturing (2014)

Purpose – This paper aims to present the results that can be achieved using continuous three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. Design/methodology/approach – In the first section, conventional additive manufacturing and continuous 3D-printing are described and compared against each other. Essential is the new approach to coat the particulate material and to print it on a tilted surface. For this special setup, theoretical considerations for sources of distortions are given. These considerations define the design of the test parts. For the evaluation of a tilted setup a prototype using large dimensions is shown. Of special interest is the exact transportation using a large mass of particulate material. Findings – The 3D-printing principle is suitable for tilted surfaces, making production without any downtime possible. The parts produced using the prototype continuous 3D-printer have sufficient accuracy for foundry use, although various considerations and the setup show that angular deflections can be caused by inaccuracies in the feeding system. Research limitations/implications – The parts’ accuracy is additionally affected by the thickness of unbound particle material under the building area. The amount of unbound particle material is of a constructive nature. Thus, the setup is limiting the investigations. Using the current material system, the printing should take place as near to the conveyor belt as possible. Practical implications – This paper outlines which kind of parts can be manufactured using continuous 3D-printing. Originality/value – This article shows a first evaluation of parts printed using continuous 3D-printing. It gives a perspective on future designs from rapid prototyping machines based on these principles and shows the possible benefits. The change over from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing will be strongly accelerated by said machine design.
Effect of Chemical Functionality on the Mechanical and Barrier Performance of Nanocellulose Films (2018)

In the present work, we have partially modified fibrils chemically to create a shell of derivatized cellulose that surrounds the crystalline core of native cellulose. Through the different modifications, we aimed at creating a toolbox to enable the properties of CNF materials and materials containing CNFs to be tuned to meet specific material demands. In total, nine different chemical modifications using different aqueous-based procedures were used as chemical pretreatments before CNF production through homogenization. Eight of these modifications included periodate oxidation with an average of 27% of the anhydroglucose units in the cellulose chain being cleaved into dialdehydes. The presence of aldehydes then facilitated a conversion to other functional groups. TEMPO oxidation was also performed, alone or combined with either periodate oxidation or periodate oxidation followed by borohydride reduction or chlorite oxidation. The nine different CNFs produced after chemical modifications were characterized by size, charge density, and colloidal stability. Free-standing films were subsequently fabricated form the fibrils and characterized by mechanical, moisture adsorption, and barrier properties, as well as by their degradation upon heating. The properties of the CNFs achieved through the different modification methods varied depending on the functional group present in the modified CNF shell. After periodate oxidation, no colloidal stability was observed. Interestingly, the periodate-oxidized fibers could be fairly easily homogenized at a concentration of 4 wt %, in contrast to 2 wt % for the other fibers. When charges were introduced onto the periodate-oxidized fibers, CNFs with a higher colloidal stability were produced, but to facilitate CNF production, the mass concentration during this step had to be decreased. After the sequential modification by periodate oxidation and borohydride reduction, a great increase in ductility in the films was observed, but interestingly, when more charges were introduced, this increase in ductility was lost, and the mechanical strength increased. CNFs without further modification after the periodate oxidation resulted in cross-linked films with low moisture sorption and a low oxygen permeability: 0.2–0.7 mL·μm/(m2·24h ·kPa) at 50% RH and 0.3–14 mL·μm/(m2·24h·kPa) at 80% RH depending on the modification performed.
INHERITED THYROXINE EXCESS: A SERUM ABNORMALITY DUE TO AN INCREASED AFFINITY FOR MODIFIED ALBUMIN (1981)

Further analysis of sera from euthyroid subjects with dominantly-inherited, elevated serum total thyroxine (T4) and free T4 index but with normal free T4 levels was performed as an extension of a previous study (Hennemann et al., 1979a). Scatchard analysis and isoelectric focusing of whole sera and purified serum fractions suggest that this T4 excess is due to increased T4 binding by modified serum albumin. Recognition of this syndrome and appreciation that the free T4 index does not reflect the free T4 levels is important to protect patients from the consequences of an incorrect diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis.
Data Adaptive Wavelet Thresholding (1997)

Thresholding of empirical wavelet coefficients was discussed in Section 7.1, along with some examples of global thresholds. This chapter will pick up where Section 7.1 left off, focusing on the nonparametric regression situation. The ideas described here could also be adapted for use in density estimation or other types of function estimation. To focus attention on the methods described in this chapter, it will be assumed throughout that an orthogonal wavelet transform on the unit interval is used, and that the sample size is a power of two: n = 2 J for some integer J > 0. When this condition is not met, the methods described herein may be adapted, using techniques described in Chapter 6.
Structural properties of Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films by metal organic chemical vapor deposition for phase change memory applications (2006)

Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST) films were deposited on TiN(50nm)∕SiO2∕Si substrates and trench structures of TiAlN(100nm)∕Si with various deposition parameters by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Hexagonal GST films were deposited at temperatures of 330–370°C, deposition pressure of 40Torr, bubbling temperatures of Ge(50°C), Sb(10°C), and Te(30°C) precursors. Germanium incorporation into GST films by MOCVD is sensitively influenced by deposition parameters such as deposition pressure, deposition temperature, and bubbling temperatures of precursors. Trench structures with a diameter of 120nm and a height of 200nm are completely filled by GST MOCVD.
Point spread function of array transducers in 2D optoacoustic tomography (2010)

In this work the spatial resolution provided by the array transducers in 2D optoacoustic (OA) imaging is considered numerically. The resolution is determined from the point spread function (PSF) of an array, that is a 2D OA image of a point source of the spherical acoustic wave. Numerical simulations consisted of the following steps. First, the OA signals excited by the point source and detected by each element of the array calculated using the Rayleigh integral. Radial backprojection algorithm was then employed to obtain the image of the point source in the imaging plane. The influence of the geometrical parameters of array elements, number of the detectors and a single detector bandwidth on the PSF was studied in detail. It was shown that the spatial resolution provided by the array transducer in the imaging plane can be unambiguously determined from the detector frequency band, array aperture angle and the width of a single array detector, and does not depend on the number of the detectors.
Book Review: Non-Standard Logics for Automated Reasoning by P. Smets, E. H. Mamdani, D. Dubois, and H. Prade (Academic Press) (1989)

A common way of creating collections is to have a small conference on some topic and then publish revised versions of the papers presented at the conference. A common problem with such collections is a lack of cohesiveness, as there is little or no attempt to have the papers refer to each other or to have a common terminology.