gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of bulk cereals using visible and NIR reflectance characteristics (2005)

Mohan, L.A., Karunakaran, C., Jayas, D.S. and White, N.D.G. 2005. Classification of bulk cereals using visible and NIR reflectance characteristics. Canadian Biosystems Engineering/Le genie des biosystemes au Canada 47: 7.7-7.14. Image analysis in common machine vision systems could be greatly improved by using special filters to enhance specific features. In this study, diffuse reflectance characteristics of cereal grains were determined and specific wavelength bands were identified. Bulk samples of seven cereal grains were tested for their reflectance characteristics using spectral wavelengths in the visible and the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. The effect of moisture content, foreign material content, and growing regions on the reflectance characteristics of Canada Western Red Spring wheat was determined. Features such as ratio and slope were derived from percent reflectance of samples. Linear parametric classifier and back propagation neural network (BPNN) were used for identification and classification of the grains. A comparative study on visible and NIR reflectance regions indicated that better classification accuracy was achieved using reflectance in the NIR region. In the NIR spectrum, classifications obtained using the slope features were better than the direct reflectance and ratio features. A classification accuracy of 99.5% was achieved by the linear parametric and BPNN classifiers using the top five slope features selected by STEPDISC and BPNN in the NIR spectrum. The effects of moisture content, foreign material content, and growing locations were not significant in affecting the reflectance characteristics of cereal grains when treated as individual classes as against pooling each variable as a single class.
SEM Hot Stage Investigation of Surface Bubble Formation and Rupture in Helium-Implanted Rare Earth Films (1972)

Helium atoms introduced into metal films by radioactive decay and by ion implantation migrate under the influence of thermal or stress fields, and form expanding bubbles which ultimately deform the lattice and rupture the film surface. Though several studies have been performed to investigate internal migration of submicroscopic helium bubbles, relatively little work has been reported on the influence of gas bubbles on surface microtopography and on the dynamics of bubble rupture. We have investigated localized surface deformation in thin metal films which have been implanted with helium to high doses and then annealed in situ in a scanning electron microscope. The progress of bubble-induced surface deformation and exfoliation in selected areas was observed and recorded photographically. Sequential shots relating the chronological progression of events were made into a time-lapse movie. The influence of (implanted) helium concentration, anneal temperature and post implantation aging on the onset of surface bubble formation and rupture was observed.
The corrosion resistance of zinc coatings in the presence of boron-doped detonation nanodiamonds (DND) (2017)

The effect of detonation nanodiamonds, doped with boron (boron-DND) in detonation synthesis on the process of zinc electrochemical deposition from zincate electrolyte is investigated. It is shown that the scattering power (coating uniformity) increases 2-4 times (depending on the concentration of DND-boron electrolyte conductivity does not change, the corrosion resistance of Zn- DND -boron coating increases 2.6 times in 3% NaCl solution (corrosion currents) and 3 times in the climatic chamber.
Characterization of Geoinspired and Synthetic Chrysotile Nanotubes by Atomic Force Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (2007)

Abstract Geoinspired synthetic chrysotile nanotubes both stoichiometric and 0.67 wt % Fe doped were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Bending tests of the synthetic chrysotile nanotubes were performed using the atomic force microscope. The nanotubes were found to exhibit elastic behaviour at small deformations (below ca. 20 nm). Young's modulus values of (159 ± 125) GPa and (279 ± 260) GPa were obtained from the force‐deflection curves using the bending equation for a clamped beam under a concentrated load, for the stoichiometric and the Fe doped chrysotile nanotubes, respectively. The structural modifications induced by Fe doping altered the mechanical properties, with an apparent dependence of the latter on the number of constituting walls of the nanotubes.
Greedily using GPU capacity for data list processing in multicore-GPU platforms (2013)

We have designed data list processing for multicore-GPU platforms and significantly improved the performance of both numerical and symbolic applications. For the latter, a novel aspect of our design was the management and processing of new data dynamically generated within GPUs. This paper presents various optimisations to our first design [1] aimed to use more the GPU, through reducing communication between the host (a multicore) and the GPU, in order to improve performance further. We present experimental results for three applications with different granularities and access patterns. Performance was improved again, significantly in some cases; using multicore-GPU platforms efficiently may involve complex changes to software.
Colorimetric Stress Memory Sensor Based on Disassembly of Gold Nanoparticle Chains (2014)

We report the development of a stress-responsive colorimetric film that can memorize the stress it has experienced. The system is designed by taking advantage of the plasmonic shift associated with the disassembly of one-dimensional gold nanoparticle chains driven by the plastic deformation of the surrounding polymer matrix. By modifying the plasticity of the polymer, we demonstrate that the plasmonic shift and colorimetric change respond to a large range of stresses. This novel pressure indicating film can be used to capture and record the pressure distribution and magnitude between two contacting or impacting surfaces by outputting color information.
Prevention And Treatment Of Venous Thromboembolism : International Consensus Statement (2013)

The aim of this document is to provide a clear and concise account of the evidence regarding efficacy or harm for various methods available to prevent and manage venous thromboembolism (VTE).
Diffusion tensor imaging, intra-operative neurophysiological monitoring and small craniotomy: Results in a consecutive series of 103 gliomas (2022)

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows visualization of the main white matter tracts while intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) represents the gold standard for surgical resection of gliomas. In recent years, the use of small craniotomies has gained popularity thanks to neuronavigation and to the low morbidity rates associated with shorter surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to review a series of patients operated for glioma using DTI, IONM, and tumor-targeted craniotomies. The retrospective analysis included patients with supratentorial glioma who met the following inclusion criteria: preoperative DTI, intraoperative IONM, tumor-targeted craniotomy, pre- and postoperative MRI, and complete clinical charts. The DTI was performed on a 3T scanner. The IONM included electroencephalography (EEG), transcranial (TC) and/or cortical motor-evoked potentials (MEP), electrocorticography (ECoG), and direct electrical stimulation (DES). Outcomes included postoperative neurological deficits, volumetric extent of resection (EOR), and overall survival (OS). One hundred and three patients (61 men, 42 women; mean age 54 ± 14 years) were included and presented the following WHO histologies: 65 grade IV, 19 grade III, and 19 grade II gliomas. After 3 months, only three patients had new neurological deficits. The median postoperative volume was 0cc (IQR 3). The median OS for grade IV gliomas was 15 months, while for low-grade gliomas it was not reached. In our experience, a small craniotomy and a tumor resection supported by IONM and DTI permitted to achieve satisfactory results in terms of neurological outcomes, EOR, and OS for glioma patients.
Acceleration of de novo Cholesterol Synthesis in the Epidermis Influences Desquamation of the Stratum Corneum in Aged Mice (2006)

Cholesterol, a component of intercellular lipids, is important for stratum corneum (SC) homeostasis, including its barrier function and desquamation. However, cholesterologenesis in the epidermis decreases under basal conditions with aging. We found that the number of horny layers in murine SC increased with the decrease of desquamation in the outermost corneocytes associated with aging. The cholesterol content decreased and the cholesterol sulfate content increased in the horny layer with aging, which resulted in an increase in the ratio of cholesterol sulfate to cholesterol. Moreover, we investigated the effects of accelerated cholesterologenesis on desquamation in aged murine skin following topical application of mevalonic acid. The ratio of cholesterol sulfate to cholesterol in aged murine SC significantly decreased following topical treatment with mevalonic acid, which resulted from an increase in cholesterol content via the acceleration of cholesterologenesis. Treatment with mevalonic acid also significantly reduced the number of cell layers in the SC along with the acceleration of desquamation, as measured by desmoglein I content, corneocyte surface area and proteinase activity. These results indicate that an improvement in the ratio of cholesterol sulfate to cholesterol content by de novo cholesterologenesis may be important for desquamation of the SC in aged epidermis.
Device Simulation of Packaging-Stress Effects of Semiconductor Devices: Evaluation of the Impact of Stress Distribution in the Devices (2011)

実装応力に起因した半導体デバイスの電気特性変動について，応力効果を考慮したデバイスシミュレーションによる評価を行った。その際，ゲート長さが異なる3種類（ゲート長さ：24 μm，0.8 μm，85 nm）のnMOSFETに対して，デバイス内部の微細構造に起因する応力分布の影響を考慮した。DC特性値の変動をシミュレーションした結果，デバイス内部の応力分布を考慮した場合の変動率の方が，公称応力値（チップ表面の応力値）に対する変動率よりも小さくなった。デバイスの微細構造に起因するチャネル領域の残留応力が，デバイスの電気特性に有意な影響を及ぼすことを示した。
Three‐Dimensional Lesion Phenotyping and Physiologic Characterization Inform Remyelination Ability in Multiple Sclerosis (2019)

The association of lesion phenotypes with their metabolic signatures suggests the prospect for translation of such data to clinical management by providing information related to metabolic activity, lesion age, and risk for disease reactivation and self-repair. Our findings also provide a platform for disease surveillance and outcome quantification involving myelin repair therapeutics.
Instrumentation for Measurement of the Effectiveness of Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors (1995)

Abstract Corrosion damage to process instrumentation, computer systems and electrical switch gear due to corrosive environments is frequently being controlled by the use of vapor corrosion inhibitors (VCI). Additionally, these inhibitors are used to protect products that are being packaged for storage and/or shipment, and for lay-up of major equipment systems. Typically, the evaluation of their effectiveness has been by utilizing weight loss coupons or by direct observation of the protected surfaces. Neither technique provides a timely indication loss of protection due to consumption of the VCI or is amenable to remote monitoring. A more serviceable technique utilizing thin-film electrical resistance corrosion sensors with relatively low cost instrumentation has been developed. This technology offers the advantages of continuous monitoring of the potentially corrosive environment as well as the capability to forecast the need for additional VCI without risking damage or deterioration of the protected products or equipment. Results are presented from operational experience within a chemical laboratoiy environment as well as test results obtained within a test chamber where different corrosive gases and VCls were evaluated.
Studies on a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, dactimicin. I. Producing organism and fermentation. (1980)

The producing organism of a new antibiotic, dactimicin, is described. The presence of finger-shaped sporangia bearing motile spores, the absence of aerial mycelium and its cell wall of type II, ascribe this organism to the genus Dactylosporangium. The cultural and physiological features distinguish this organism from all the described Dactylosporangium species. Therefore, it is considered to be a new species for which the name Dactylosporangium matsuzakiense sp. nov. is proposed. Fermentation of dactimicin is also described.
Assessment of hirsutism among Korean women: results of a randomly selected sample of women seeking pre-employment physical check-up (2010)

mF-G scores greater that six represent the appropriate diagnostic cutoff for the detection of hirsutism in Korean women. Increased serum total T and HbA1(c,) and decreased SHBG concentrations were associated with the presence of hirsutism.
Contrast Sensitivity Deficits in Inferred Magnocellular and Parvocellular Pathways in Retinitis Pigmentosa (2004)

As observed in previous studies, the degree of contrast sensitivity loss shown by the patients with RP was greatest at the highest stimulus spatial frequency. However, in comparison to prior studies of contrast discrimination in patients with RP, there was no evidence of a preferential contrast sensitivity loss within the MC pathway. This apparent discrepancy is attributed to differences in the test targets and psychophysical judgments that were used in the studies, which emphasizes the importance of task characteristics in evaluating relative deficits within the MC and PC processing streams in visual disorders.
Improving the retrieval performance of content-based image retrieval systems: the GIVBAC approach (2002)

The retrieval performance of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems still leaves much to be desired, especially when the system is serving as an interface to an image collection covering many different topics. The problem of missing semantical information about the images leads to great numbers of false matches because of misleading similarities in the visual primitives that are retrieved. This paper introduces an approach called GIVBAC, that tries to reduce the number of false matches in query result sets. It relies heavily on user feedback on retrieval results with regard to user-definable thematic groups. Feedback is used globally, i.e. the feedback of one user has influences on the behaviour of the whole system. The weight of individual votes is a parameter of GIVBAC so that it can be adjusted to the level of trust the user base is given, i.e. higher values in a closed user group and lower values in an open group with anonymous users. The paper presents results of an evaluation comparing the performance of an unmodified CBIR system with a system that is modified so that it uses GIVBAC as an interface to the users.
Cavity dumping and coupling modulation of an etalon-coupled CO2 laser (1982)

A novel technique for cavity dumping or coupling modulation of a CO2 laser, has been implemented. This technique, which employs an electro-optically tuned etalon as an output coupler, offers improved efficiency as compared to conventional Brewster-angle coupling, and it provides convenient end-mirror outcoupling.
Proteomic Profiling of MIS-C Patients Reveals Heterogeneity Relating to Interferon Gamma Dysregulation and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction (2021)

Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a major complication of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in pediatric patients. Weeks after an often mild or asymptomatic initial infection with SARS-CoV-2 children may present with a severe shock-like picture and marked inflammation. Children with MIS-C present with varying degrees of cardiovascular and hyperinflammatory symptoms. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the plasma proteome of more than 1400 proteins in children with SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesized that the proteome would reflect heterogeneity in hyperinflammation and vascular injury, and further identify pathogenic mediators of disease. Protein signatures demonstrated overlap between MIS-C, and the inflammatory syndromes macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). We demonstrate that PLA2G2A is a key marker of MIS-C that associates with TMA. We found that IFNγ responses are dysregulated in MIS-C patients, and that IFNγ levels delineate clinical heterogeneity.
Improved 3D neural network architecture for fault interpretation on field data (2021)

Fault interpretation is a critical step for building reservoir models, mitigating drilling and production hazards such as reservoir compartmentalization. Estimating fault probability from 3D seismic using Deep Learning based image segmentation techniques has been widely studied and applied throughout the industry to speed up manual picking and improve interpretation quality and consistency. Despite the success in shallow sediments with high signal to noise ratio and sharp faults, applying the technology to field seismic data at reservoir depth or even subsalt poses generalization challenges due to divergences in scale, resolution and noise levels between training and prediction data. Existence of coherent noise, illumination shadow and spatially varying scale further complicate the problem. We deal with these issues by modifying the architecture of a classic 3D U-Net to utilize a lightweight encoder and multi-scale feature extractor and increase the 3D subcube size to broaden the field of view for superior fault continuity.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Tenofovir and Prophylactic Efficacy against HIV-1 Infection (2012)

Antiviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) through daily drug administration can protect healthy individuals from HIV-1 infection. While PrEP was recently approved by the FDA, the potential long-term consequences of PrEP implementation remain entirely unclear. The aim of this study is to predict the efficacy of different prophylactic strategies with the pro-drug tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate (TDF) and to assess the sensitivity towards timing- and mode of TDF administration (daily- vs. single dose), adherence and the number of transmitted viruses. We developed a pharmacokinetic model for TDF and its active anabolite tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) and validated it with data from 4 different trials, including 4 distinct dosing regimes. Pharmacokinetics were coupled to an HIV model and viral decay following TDF mono-therapy was predicted, consistent with available data. Subsequently, a stochastic approach was used to estimate the % infections prevented by (i) daily TDF-based PrEP, (ii) one week TDF started either shortly before, or -after viral exposure and (iii) a single dose oral TDF before viral challenge (sd-PrEP). Analytical solutions were derived to assess the relation between intracellular TFV-DP concentrations and prophylactic efficacy. The predicted efficacy of TDF was limited by a slow accumulation of active compound (TFV-DP) and variable TFV-DP half-life and decreased with increasing numbers of transmitted viruses. Once daily TDF-based PrEP yielded [Formula: see text]80% protection, if at least 40% of pills were taken. Sd-PrEP with 300 mg or 600 mg TDF could prevent [Formula: see text]50% infections, when given at least before virus exposure. The efficacy dropped to [Formula: see text]10%, when given 1 h before 24 h exposure. Efficacy could not be increased with increasing dosage or prolonged administration. Post-exposure prophylaxis poorly prevented infection. The use of drugs that accumulate more rapidly, or local application of tenofovir gel may overcome the need for drug administration long before virus exposure.
Places: An Image Database for Deep Scene Understanding (2017)

The rise of multi-million-item dataset initiatives has enabled machine learning algorithms to reach near-human performances at object and scene recognition. Here we describe the Places Database, a repository of 10 million pictures, labeled with semantic categories and attributes, comprising a quasi-exhaustive list of the types of environments encountered in the world. Using state of the art Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), we show performances at natural image classification from images collected in the wild from a smart phone as well as the regions used by the model to identify the type of scene. Looking into the representation learned by the units of the neural networks, we find that meaningful units representing shapes, objects, and regions emerge as the diagnostic information to represent visual scenes. With its high-coverage and high-diversity of exemplars, Places offers an ecosystem of visual context to guide progress on currently intractable visual recognition problems. Such problems could include determining the actions happening in a given environment, spotting inconsistent objects or human behaviors for a particular place, and predicting future events or the cause of events given a scene. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2017
Thermodynamic limits of the index of refraction of hydrogen (1994)

From the results of Fabry‐Perot measurements on hydrogen in a diamond anvil cell, it can be shown that the assumption made in Figure 3, of M. Hanfland, R. J. Hemley and H. K. Mao, Phys. Rev. B 43, 8767 (1991) that nH∞<nD for P≳130 GPa with nD=2.42 at 161 GPa violates the combined first and second laws of thermodynamics by leading to an increase in the sample thickness with increasing pressure.
Development of a Genotyping Method for Potato Scab Pathogens Based on Multiplex PCR (2008)

Scab disease significantly damages potato and other root crops. Streptomyces scabiei, S. acidiscabiei, and S. turgidiscabiei are the best-known causal agents of this disease. We have developed a novel genotyping method for these potato scab pathogens using multiplex PCR, whose benefits include rapid and easy detection of multiple species. We designed a species-specific primer set (6 primers, 3 pairs) for the 16S rRNA genes and 16S-23S ITS regions of these potato scab pathogens. The specificity of the primer set was confirmed by testing 18 strains containing potato scab pathogens, other Streptomyces species, and strains of other genera. The application of the developed method to potato field soil and potato tissue samples resulted in the clear detection and identification of pathogens. Since this method is applicable to a large number of environmental samples, it is expected to be useful for a high-throughput analysis of soil and plant tissues of scab disease.
Enhanced average thermoelectric figure of merit of n-type PbTe1−xIx–MgTe (2015)

The average thermoelectric figure of merit<italic>ZT</italic>of n-type PbTe<sub>1−x</sub>I<sub>x</sub>–MgTe is successfully enhanced through nano and meso structuring.
CityDrive: A map-generating and speed-optimizing driving system (2014)

There have been many traffic light control systems around the globe, but the high cost of infrastructure and maintenance hinders their wide deployment. However, speed-advisory systems enabled by on-vehicle devices are much cheaper and easier to deploy. The first challenge of such systems is to get the traffic signal schedule in complex intersections. The second challenge is to get map information and calculate the distance. Facing these challenges we devise and implement a speed-advisory driving system called CityDrive, which harnesses the sensor and GPS data from a wide participation of smartphones to suggest proper speed for drivers so that they arrive at intersections in green phase. CityDrive first generates a road map and then infers traffic signal schedules, using only smartphones and a server. CityDrive does not eliminate stops at intersections, but it tries to maximize the probability that vehicles cruise through intersections in green phase. Both simulation and real test show that this continuous speed advisory service effectively smoothes traffic flow and significantly reduces energy consumption.