gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Gastrointestinal Transit in a Patient with a Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP)-1- and -2-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor (2002)

Neuroendocrine tumors overexpressing the proglucagon- derived peptides have been associated with severe constipation. The relationship between two of the intestinal proglucagon-derived peptides, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and -2, and delayed gastrointestinal transit, was characterized in a patient with a neuroendocrine proglucagon-derived peptide tumor. A 60-yr-old female presented with intractable constipation and intermittent vomiting. Gastric, oral-ileal and colonic transit times, and plasma hormone levels were determined before tumor resection. Expression of the proglucagon-derived peptides by the tumor was determined by immunohistochemistry, Northern blot analysis, HPLC, and RIA. Oral-cecal transit was more than 3 h, and a barium follow-through study showed dilated and thickened folds with most of the barium concentrated in the ileum at 24 h; residual barium was identified in the colon at 14 d post ingestion. Circulating levels of GLP-1 and -2 were 300- to 400-fold elevated compared with levels in normal human subjects. Normal bowel function was restored by tumor resection. Consistent with the elevated plasma hormone levels, the tumor was found to express the proglucagon gene, and immunoreactive GLP-1 and -2 were detected by both immunohistochemistry and RIA. Overexpression of glucagon-like peptide-1 and -2 is associated with markedly prolonged gastrointestinal transit in humans. These findings are consistent with a role for these peptides in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility.
SIMPLIFIED NAVIGATED DISTAL INTERLOCKING OF INTRAMEDULLARY NAILS: A RADIATION REDUCTION METHOD (2012)

The common practice for insertion of distal locking screws of intramedullary (IM) nails is a freehand technique under fluoroscopic control. The process is technically demanding, time-consuming and afflicted to considerable radiation exposure to patient and surgical personnel. A new technique is introduced which guides the surgeon by landmarks on the X-ray projection. 18 fresh frozen human below-knee specimens (incl. soft tissue) were used. Each specimen was instrumented with an Expert Tibial Nail (Synthes GmbH, Switzerland) and was mounted on an OR-table. Two distal interlocking techniques were performed in random order using a Siemens ARCADIS C-arm system (Siemens AG, Munich, Germany). The newly developed guided technique, guides the surgeon by visible landmarks projected onto the fluoroscopy image. A computer program plans the drilling trajectory by 2D-3D conversion and provides said guiding landmarks for drilling in real-time. No additional tracking or navigation equipment is needed. All four distal screws (2 mediolateral, 2 anteroposterior) were placed in each procedure. Operating time, number of taken X-rays and radiation time were recorded per procedure and for each single screw. 8 procedures were performed with the freehand technique and 10 with the guided technique. A 58% reduction in number of fluoroscopy shots per screw was found for the guided technique (7.4±3.4 vs. 17.6±10.3; p In an experimental setting, the newly developed guided freehand technique has proven to markedly reduce radiation exposure when compared to the conventional freehand technique. The method enhances established clinical workflows and does not require cost intensive add-on devices or extensive training. A newly developed simple navigated technique has proven to markedly reduce radiation exposure and time for distal locking of intramedullary nails.
Instruction-Cycle-Based Dynamic Voltage Scaling Power Management for Low-Power Digital Signal Processor With 53% Power Savings (2013)

This paper presents and analyzes a fully digital instruction-cycle-based dynamic voltage scaling (iDVS) power management strategy for low-power processor designs. The proposed iDVS technique is fully compatible with conventional DVS scheduler algorithms. An additional computer aided design-based design flow was embedded in a standard cell library to implement the iDVS-based processor in highly integrated system-on-a-chip applications. The lattice asynchronous self-timed control digital low-dropout regulator with swift response and low quiescent current was also utilized to improve iDVS voltage transition response. Results show that the iDVS-based processor with the proposed adaptive instruction cycle control scheme can efficiently perform millions of instructions per second during iDVS transition. The iDVS-based digital signal processor chip was implemented in a HH-NEC 0.18-μm standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor. Measurement results show that the voltage tracking speed with 11.6 V/μs saved 53% power.
Tandem diastereo- and enantioselective preparation of aryl and alkyl cyclopropyl carbinols with three adjacent stereocenters using perhydrobenzoxazines and diethylzinc (2013)

The enantio- and diastereoselective one-pot ethylation/cyclopropanation is efficiently promoted by a chiral perhydrobenzoxazine. The catalytic system tolerates a wide range of di- and trisubstituted α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and has been found to be highly diastereo- and enantioselective. Enals leading to intermediates lacking allylic strain or with either A(1,2) or A(1,3) strain afford the corresponding syn hydroxycyclopropanes very selectively. While α-methyl enals are successfully ethylated/cyclopropanated, the presence of bulky substituents at the alpha position of the enal constitutes a limitation to the substrate scope. The use of 1,1-diiodoethane allows the obtention of the corresponding enantioenriched cyclopropylcarbinol, which bears carbon-substituents at all three positions of the ring, with good enantiocontrol, although moderate diastereoselectivity. A procedure for the asymmetric one-pot arylation/cyclopropanation of enals is proposed, which involves the use of triarylboroxin, diethylzinc and diiodomethane.
Optimum design of a 4-Gbit/s GaAs MESFET optical preamplifier (1987)

An analysis for determining the optimum MESFET gate width to optimize the sensitivity of a high-speed optical preamplifier is presented. A full MESFET model is employed including correlated gate and drain noise sources. The design of an optimum sensitivity monolithic shunt feedback amplifier, including stability requirements, is investigated. The results show that the optimum gate width for minimizing input equivalent noise is significantly larger than earlier simplfied predictions. A sensitivity improvement of 1.2 dB is demonstrated for a 4-Gbit/s MESFET optical amplifier, and results showing the dependence of optimum FET width on photodetector capacitance are described.
Molecular Genetics and Ventricular Arrhythmias (1992)

In 1957, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen described a family with four children who had congenital deafness, syncope, and prolongation of the QT interval on electrocardiograms.1 Three of the children died suddenly. Levine and Woodworth described a similar patient the following year.2 The transmission of this cardioauditory syndrome suggested an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Romano et al. in 19633 and Ward in 19644 described two families with similar clinical features, but the affected patients had normal hearing and the transmission was consistent with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. During the past 35 years, approximately 400 families, involving more than 1500 . . .
Expression of ACE2 in the Intact and Acutely Injured Kidney (2021)

Abstract Key Points The healthy kidney prominently expresses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) mRNA, protein, and activity, with ACE2 protein abundantly displayed in proximal tubules. Renal ACE2 expression decreases after ischemic AKI but is induced by LPS in a heme oxygenase-1-dependent manner. ACE2 induction/angiotensin (1–7) and angiotensin (1–7) may offer therapeutic approaches for AKI without or with coronavirus disease 2019, respectively. Background The actions of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) oppose those of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. ACE2 may be a cytoprotectant in some tissues. This study examined ACE2 expression in models of AKI. Methods ACE2 mRNA and protein expression and ACE2 activity were assessed in murine ischemic AKI. Renal ACE2 mRNA expression was evaluated in LPS-induced AKI in wild-type (C57BL/6J) mice, in heme oxygenase-1 +/+ and heme oxygenase-1 −/− mice, and after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in wild-type mice. The effect of sex and age on renal ACE2 protein expression was also assessed. Results In ischemic AKI, ACE2 mRNA and protein expression and ACE2 activity were reduced as compared with such indices in the intact kidney. In ischemic AKI, ACE2, which, in health, is prominently expressed in the tubular epithelium, especially proximal tubules, is decreased in expression in these segments. Decreased ACE2 expression in AKI did not reflect reduced GFR, because ACE2 mRNA expression was unaltered after UUO. LPS induced renal ACE2 mRNA expression in wild-type mice, but this effect did not occur in heme oxygenase-1–deficient mice. In ischemic and LPS-induced AKI, renal expression of the Mas receptor was increased. In the intact kidney, renal ACE2 protein expression decreased in female mice as compared with male mice, but was unaltered with age. Conclusion We conclude that renal ACE2 expression is decreased in ischemic AKI, characterized by decreased GFR and abundant cell death, but is upregulated in LPS-induced AKI, an effect requiring heme oxygenase-1. Determining the significance of ACE2 expression in experimental AKI merits further study. We suggest that understanding the mechanism underlying ACE2 downregulation in AKI may offer insights relevant to COVID-19: ACE2 expression is downregulated after ACE2 mediates SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry; such downregulation is proinflammatory; and AKI commonly occurs and determines outcomes in COVID-19.
<title>Nonlinear optical effects in PTCDA crystalline organic thin films</title> (1994)

Nonlinear optical properties of 3, 4, 9, 10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride thin films grown by ultra-high vacuum process of organic molecular beam deposition are characterized by self-diffraction method. We observe a large diffraction efficiency (approximately 10<SUP>-4</SUP>) from a micron thick film and attribute the nonlinearity to a thermal shift in the excitonic absorption feature or free carrier effects.
Tubulin-nucleotide interactions. Effects of removal of exchangeable guanine nucleotide on protein conformation and microtubule assembly (1987)

The removal of tightly bound GDP from the exchangeable nucleotide-binding site of tubulin has been performed with alkaline phosphatase under conditions which essentially retain the assembly properties of the protein. When microtubule protein is treated with alkaline phosphatase, nucleotide is selectively removed from tubulin dimer rather than from MAP (microtubule-associated protein)-containing oligomeric species. Tubulin devoid of E-site (the exchangeable nucleotide-binding site of the tubulin dimer) nucleotide shows enhanced proteolytic susceptibility of the beta-subunit to thermolysin and decreased protein stability, consistent with nucleotide removal causing changes in protein tertiary structure. Pyrophosphate ion (3 mM) is able to promote formation of normal microtubules in the complete absence of GTP by incubation at 37 degrees C either with nucleotide-depleted microtubule protein or with nucleotide-depleted tubulin dimer to which MAPs have been added. The resulting microtubules contain up to 80% of tubulin lacking E-site nucleotide. In addition to its effects on nucleation, pyrophosphate competes weakly with GDP bound at the E-site. It is deduced that binding of pyrophosphate at a vacant E-site can promote microtubule assembly. The minimum structural requirement for ligands to induce tubulin assembly apparently involves charge neutralization at the E-site by bidentate ligation, which stabilizes protein domains in a favourable orientation for promoting the supramolecular protein-protein interactions involved in microtubule formation.
Development and testing of a source subsystem for the supporting development PMAD DC test bed (1991)

The supporting Development Power Management and Distribution (PMAD) DC Test Bed is described. Its benefits to the Space Station Freedom Electrical Power System design are discussed along with a short description of how the PMAD DC Test Bed was systematically integrated. The Source Subsystem of the PMAD DC Test Bed consisting of a Sequential Shunt Unit (SSU) and a Battery Charge/Discharge Unit (BCDU) is introduced. The SSU is described in detail and component level test data is presented. Next, the BCDU's operation and design is given along with component level test data. The Source Subsystem is then presented and early data given to demonstrate an effective subsystem design.
Rgg Coordinates Virulence Factor Synthesis and Metabolism inStreptococcus pyogenes (2003)

Streptococcus pyogenes is a human-specific pathogen that relies on its host for metabolic substrates. Rgg-like proteins constitute a family of transcriptional regulators present in several gram-positive bacteria. In S. pyogenes, Rgg influences the expression of several virulence-associated proteins localized to the cell wall and extracellular environment. Secreted enzymes may degrade host macromolecules, thereby liberating metabolic substrates. To determine if Rgg regulation of exoprotein expression is associated with altered metabolism, the catabolic activities of S. pyogenes strain NZ131 (serotype M49) and an isogenic rgg mutant strain were analyzed during growth with complex and defined media. As expected, the wild-type strain preferentially used glucose and produced lactic acid during the exponential phase of growth. In contrast, the rgg mutant fermented arginine in the exponential phase of growth, even in the presence of glucose. Arginine degradation was associated with a neutral culture pH and excretion of NH(3) and ornithine. Arginine, serine, and asparagine were depleted from mutant cultures during growth. The addition of arginine and serine to culture media increased the growth yield and NH(3) production of mutant but not wild-type cultures. Addition of asparagine had no effect on the growth yield of either strain. Altered metabolism of arginine and serine in the mutant was associated with increased transcript levels of genes encoding arginine deiminase and a putative serine dehydratase. Thus, Rgg coordinates virulence factor synthesis and catabolic activity and may be important in the pathogen's adaptation to changes in the availability of metabolic substrates.
Strategies for Surgical Treatment of Gallbladder Carcinoma Based on Information Available Before Resection (2003)

Although precise preoperative TNM staging for gallbladder carcinoma was difficult, the most accurate staging before resection was possible by integrating image-T classification and data from the intraoperative histopathologic examination of key lymph nodes. Based on this staging, we propose algorithms for the surgical treatment of gallbladder carcinoma.
From clock-driven to data-driven models (2014)

Clock/time-driven models are powerful abstractions of real-time systems, as e.g., provided by the synchronous models of computation which lend themselves well for simulation and verification. At every clock cycle, new inputs are read, computations are performed in zero-time, and results are immediately/synchronously communicated between components. However, such zero-time idealizations are not realistic since computation and communication finally takes time in implementations. For implementations, data-driven execution models have the advantage to impose no timing constraints other than arrival of input data, and thus, these models are perfectly suited for distributed or other kinds of asynchronous implementations. For this reason, modern model-based design flows consider the desynchronization of synchronous models for system synthesis which is possible for the subclass of endochronous systems only. While definitions of endochrony were considered for years, it is shown in this paper how to efficiently verify endochrony by SAT solving. Our procedure consists of two steps: In the first step, we introduce buffers to the interface of a clock-driven component, so that its inputs can arrive at different points of time. After this step, clocks of signals are viewed as ‘instructions’ telling the component which input values have to be consumed for the current reaction.We call such components clock-scheduled. In the second step, we remove the clocks from the interface of the clock-scheduled components, so that the component may now become nondeterministic. We prove in this paper that a synchronous component is endochronous, if and only if the clock signals can be safely removed in this step without destroying determinism. Based on this result, we present a decision procedure based on symbolic system representations to check whether components are endochronous. Preliminary experimental results show the effectiveness of our method.
Biological motion presented with upright and inverted display orientation: Human ultra high field 9.4 T fMRI (2016)

Body motion (BM) is a rich source of information for social cognition and interaction. Yet display inversion severely impedes BM processing. It is still unclear how brain networks underpinning BM processing are affected by display inversion. To address this issue, we used ultra-high field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 9.4T. Participants performed a two-alternativeforced-choice task, indicating whether an upright point-light walker or control displays (the same movie inverted 180 deg) were presented. An upright walker elicits most pronounced clusters of fMRI activity in the bilateral superior occipital cortices and the right middle temporal cortex, whereas the inverted display results in bilateral activity of lower occipital cortices, primarily, the lingual cortices. The BOLD response in these areas exhibited specific temporal dynamics during stimulus duration: a decrease in activation in the second 5 s of stimulus duration, with a recurrent increase afterwards. Perceivers who did not recognize upside-down display as a walker exhibit activity in the distributed network with hubs in the right hemisphere including the lingual and postcentral cortices, and the pars operculum. The outcome provides novel insights on the brain networks underlying body motion processing and its functional neuroanatomy.
The Anchors of Partisanship: A Comparative Analysis of Voting Behavior in Four Southern European Democracies (2000)

The four Southern European democracies reveal greatly differing patterns of electoral volatility: the Spanish party system underwent a profound restructuring as a result of the &amp;quot;electoral earthquake &amp;quot; of 1982, but has become outstandingly stable since then; the Italian party system had been impressively stable from the 1950s until 1992, but then underwent a complete transformation. But despite the extremely high levels of &amp;quot;total volatility &amp;quot; exhibited by these two party systems, very few voters crossed over the divide separating parties of the left from the right. In contrast, both the Greek and Portuguese party systems have frequently exhibited high levels of &amp;quot;inter-bloc &amp;quot; volatility. What explains these differing patterns? A cursory examination of the varying degrees of organizational development and social penetration of parties, as well as of their linkages to other secondary associations, suggests that these patterns of stability and volatility cannot be attributed to the organizational bases of partisanship. Neither can these patterns be explained by cross-national differences in the extent to which voters identify with parties. A more powerful explanation of these varying and evolving patterns of party-system stabilization and volatility can be found in the extent of
A year of successful cancer vaccines points to a path forward. (2010)

Results from recent clinical trials of the therapeutic vaccines sipuleucel-T (Dendreon Corp), PROSTVAC-VF-TRICOM (National Cancer Institute/BN ImmunoTherapeutics Inc) and BiovaxID (Biovest International Inc) are highlighted. These data support the further development of such vaccines, and provide guidance for the development of improved agents and protocols for the use of therapeutic vaccination to treat cancer.
Measurement of the thermoelectric power of very small samples at ambient and high pressures (1999)

There is currently much interest in the thermoelectric properties of materials. A method for measuring the thermoelectric power of small single-crystal or polycrystalline samples is described. For high-pressure measurements, the small samples are loaded into a diamond anvil cell and compressed. An infrared laser system is used to induce a temperature gradient in the sample. The thermoelectric power is measured with a pair of small thermocouples contacting the sample. Reported here is the thermoelectric power of Ni and the previously reported intermetallic compound CePd3 up to 10 GPa. Other standards measured by this method included: Bi, Yb, and CeSn3.
Mikrowellencalcinierung von Platinsalmiak (2002)

No translation.
Anti-Convulsant Activity of Different Extracts of Centella asiatica and Bacopa monnieri in Animals (2002)

Objective: To evaluate anti-convulsant profile of different extracts of Centella asiatica and Bacopa monnieri in rats. Materials and methods: The effects of single oral administration of different preparations of C. asiatica and B .monnieri were evaluated for their anticonvulsant profile in the Maximal Electroshock Seizure (MES) in rats at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h after administration and Pentylene tetrazole (PTZ) test in mice and rats. The ED 50 dose of Phenytoin (30 mg/kg) was used for comparison. Results: The crude drug of C.asiatica (500 mg/kg) showed mild to moderate anticonvulsant activity, from 1 h to 24 h. The methanolic extract of C.asiatica (CA-I) showed higher activity than the crude drug at 3 and 6 h, but there was no anti-convulsant activity at 1 h. The solubulised extract of C.asiatica (CA-II) (using Cresmer RH 40 and propylene glycol) at 500 and 1000 mg/kg, also showed a similar profile of activity which was dose-dependent. The crude drug of B.monnieri (500 mg/kg) showed mild to moderate activity from 1 h to 6 h but there was no activity at 24 h. The methanolic extract of B.monnieri (BM-I) (which was later partitioned between butanol and water) showed a lesser degree of activity only at 3 h and 6 h. The solubilised extract of B.monnieri (BM-II) (500 mg/kg) showed mild to moderate activity at 3 h and 6 h with minimal activity at 24 h. At 1000 mg/kg, a comparatively higher degree of activity was seen at 1 h-6h but not at 24 h. The activity of B.monnieri was almost equivalent to Phenytoin at 6 h. In the Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) chemoshock seizure test, no activity was detected for both plants (500 mg/kg). Conclusion: Overall, B.monnieri has a faster onset of action and time/dose responses were qualitatively similar to Phenytoin, while C.asiatica had quantitatively lesser activity but had a longer duration of action.