gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Processed Fiber for Nursery Crop Production (1998)

Composted Tillamook Methane-digested dairy manure (processed fiber) plus woodwaste from landfills at Tillamook, Ore., was compared with Langerwerf, Calif., processed fiber amended with woodwaste from Tillamook, a mixture of peatmoss and pumice, and two commercial mixes from Black Gold Inc., Hubbard, Ore. Electrical conductivity, water-holding capacity, pH, cation exchange capacity, and mineral contents of Tillamook processed fiber with a mixture of wood waste were within the acceptable range for production of some nursery crops. Tillamook processed fiber with a mixture of wood waste media were favorable for the germination and growth of the lettuce and radish cultivars. The performance for seed germination was comparable to the performance of both Black Gold media and better than the other media. The growth of marigold `Bonanza Yellow', petunia `Plum Maddness', and salvia `Purple Sizzler' in Tillamook processed fiber wood media, supplemented with weekly feeding of fertilizer, was comparable to their growth in Black Gold media and better than the other media. The growth of `Double Delight' rose plants in Tillamook processed fiber wood media was similar to their performance in Black Gold media.
2-Chloropyrimidin-4-amine (2012)

In the title pyrimidine derivative, C(4)H(4)ClN(3), the 2-chloro and 4-amino substituents almost lie in the mean plane of the pyrimidine ring, with deviations of 0.003 (1) Å for the Cl atom, and 0.020 (1) Å for the N atom. In the crystal, molecules are linked via pairs of N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers. These dimers are further linked via N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming an undulating two-dimensional network lying parallel to (100).
“Vaccine Diplomacy”: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions (2014)

Vaccine diplomacy is the branch of global health diplomacy that relies on the use or delivery of vaccines, while vaccine science diplomacy is a unique hybrid of global health and science diplomacy. Both offer innovative opportunities to promote United States (US) foreign policy and diplomatic relations between adversarial nations. Vaccine science diplomacy could also lead to the development and testing of some highly innovative neglected disease vaccines.
Immediate-Mode Ray-Casting (1999)

We propose a simple modification to the classical polygon rasterization pipeline that enables exact, efficient raycasting of bounded implicit surfaces without the use of a global spatial data structure bounding hierarchy. Our algorithm requires two descriptions for each object: a (possibly non-convex) polyhedral bounding volume, and an implicit equation (including, optionally, a number of clipping planes). Unlike conventional raycasters, the modified pipeline is unidirectional and operates in immediate mode, making hardware implementation feasible. We discuss an extension to the OpenGL state machine that enables immediate-mode raycasting while making no modification to OpenGL''s architecture for high-performance polygon rendering. A software simulation of our algorithm generates scenes of visual fidelity equal to those produced by a conventional raycaster, and superior to those produced by a polygon rasterizer, significantly faster than either existing method alone.
Fuzzy Learning Method Using Genetic Algorithms (2004)

This paper proposes a GA and GDM-based method for removing unnecessary rules and generating relevant rules from the fuzzy rules corresponding to several fuzzy partitions. The aim of proposed method is to find a minimum set of fuzzy rules that can correctly classify all the training patterns. When the fine fuzzy partition is used with conventional methods, the number of fuzzy rules has been enormous and the performance of fuzzy inference system became low. This paper presents the application of GA as a means of finding optimal solutions over fuzzy partitions. In each rule, the antecedent part is made up the membership functions of a fuzzy set, and the consequent part is made up of a real number. The membership functions and the number of fuzzy inference rules are tuned by means of the GA, while the real numbers in the consequent parts of the rules are tuned by means of the gradient descent method. It is shown that the proposed method has improved than the performance of conventional method in formulating and solving a combinatorial optimization problem that has two objectives: to maximize the number of correctly classified patterns and to minimize the number of fuzzy rules.
Scalable and Cost-Effective Synthesis of a Linker for Bioconjugation with a Peptide and a Monoclonal Antibody (2014)

An efficient, scalable, and cost-effective synthesis of a linker employed in a bioconjugation process with a peptide and a monoclonal antibody is presented. Several routes were investigated that resulted in the identification of a short synthesis to a key acid intermediate from inexpensive and readily available starting materials. The final coupling of this acid with an aniline to afford the desired linker has been optimized to produce multi-gram quantities of material for clinical studies. The very limited purifications needed for both intermediates and final product make this route amenable to scale.
Spectrophotometer Cell with Submicron Path Lengths (1970)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation W. M. Moreau; Spectrophotometer Cell with Submicron Path Lengths. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 August 1970; 41 (8): 1251. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1684785 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
The Use of Misoprostol to Control Postabortion Uterine Bleeding (2003)

Objective: To test whether the rectal administration of misoprostol can contribute to control the postabortion uterine bleeding.
Case Report(s): We present a pregnant woman who underwent an uterine curettage at 13 weeks’ gestation. Unfortunately, the uterine bleeding was noted despite the administration of an oxytocin infusion. Thus, 400μg of misoprostol was given rectally, and the uterine bleeding gradually ceased over the ensuing 60 min.
Conclusion(s): The use of rectal administration of misoprostol might contribute to control post-abortion uterine bleeding. A larger study is needed to better assess the efficacy, dose, and side effects of such a medical practice.
High accuracy Hugoniot measurements at multi-megabar pressure utilizing the Sandia Z accelerator. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
A New Technique for Rapid Estimation of Fracture Closure Stress When Using Propellants (2002)

Abstract Minifracs are used to assist with main hydraulic fracture design by generating estimates of the fluid efficiency, closure stress, fracture geometry, and leakoff coefficient prior to the main treatment. Closure stress is frequently determined by analyzing the pressure falloff response after pump shut-down using a Nolte G-Function analysis plot. Comparison of the measured data with the dimensionless Nolte G time indicates closure when used in combination with the derivative and pressure superposition derivative. During perforating/propellant treatments of wells, the use of a high-speed downhole digital pressure data recorder enables a new rapid technique for determining closure stress using the G-Function and associated methods. The propellant event breaks down the perforations and extends fractures into the formation in the time span of tens of milliseconds, and can thus be treated as a high-speed minifrac. The analysis method and feasibility of this new technique are demonstrated. The falloff pressure curve after a propellant event, typically lasting no more than a few hundred milliseconds, is shown in several case histories to provide sufficient closure information. Where these data are available, results are consistent with other methods. Although certain favorable conditions must exist for the method to be applicable, this new technique can be used where a quick estimate of closure stress is needed prior to hydraulic fracturing and while equipment is in place in the field. Work continues to fully define the range of applicability and accuracy of the new technique.
Glioma Risk in Relation to Serum Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factors (2007)

Several studies have suggested that insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are related to cancer risk. We investigated the associations between serum levels of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3 and glioma risk. A nested case-control study was conducted within a cancer prevention study, including 29,133 men (ages 50-69 years). In total, 22 glioma cases and 400 randomly selected controls were included. Serum samples were collected a minimum of 5 years before cancer diagnosis. Serum concentrations were measured using ELISA and divided into tertiles based on measurements among controls. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the lowest tertile as the reference category. No statistical association was detected between glioma and IGF-binding protein-3. IGF-I was inversely associated with glioma when comparing the lowest tertile with the other tertiles combined (odds ratio, 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.7). The results encourage future research on IGFs in relation to brain tumors in larger studies.
The E6 and E7 genes of human papillomavirus type 6 have weak immortalizing activity in human epithelial cells (1992)

Previous studies have shown that the E7 gene of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 or 18 alone was sufficient for immortalization of human foreskin epithelial cells (HFE) and that the efficiency was increased in cooperation with the respective E6 gene, whereas the HPV6 E6 or E7 gene was not active in HFE. To detect weak immortalizing activities of the HPV6 genes, cells were infected with recombinant retroviruses containing HPV genes, alone and in homologous and heterologous combinations. The HPV6 genes, alone or together (HPV6 E6 plus HPV6 E7), were not able to immortalize cells. However the HPV6 E6 gene, in concert with HPV16 E7, increased the frequency of immortalization threefold over that obtained with HPV16 E7 alone. Interestingly, 6 of 20 clones containing the HPV16 E6 gene and the HPV6 E7 gene were immortalized, whereas neither gene alone was sufficient. Thus, the HPV6 E6 and E7 genes have weak immortalizing activities which can be detected in cooperation with the more active transforming genes of HPV16. Acute expression of the HPV6 and HPV16 E6 and E7 genes revealed that only HPV16 E7 was able to stimulate the proliferation of cells in organotypic culture, resulting in increased expression of the proliferative cell nuclear antigen and the formation of a disorganized epithelial layer. Additionally, combinations of genes that immortalized HFE cells (HPV16 E6 plus HPV16 E7, HPV16 E6 plus HPV6 E7, and HPV6 E6 plus HPV16 E7) also stimulated proliferation.
Structures from Powders: Polynuclear Hg(II) Complexes Containing the Flexible Bisimidazolylmethane Ligand (2009)

Several polynuclear Hg(II) complexes containing the flexible ditopic bisimidazolylmethane ligand (C(7)H(8)N(4), bim) have been prepared by reaction of equimolar quantities of mercury salts (acetate, cyanide, thiocyanate, chloride, and iodide) in EtOH or acetonitrile solution. Their crystal and molecular structures were retrieved from laboratory powder diffraction data, and their thermal properties were fully characterized, including the determination of the thermal expansion coefficients and the related strain tensor using thermodiffractometric methods. [Hg(bim)(CH(3)COO)(2)](2) consists of cyclic dimers with chelating acetates, while the [Hg(bim)X(2)](n) species (X = Cl, CN, SCN, and I) are one-dimensional polymers, with dangling X groups. A further complex of nominal Hg(2)(bim)Cl(2) formulation was also prepared, but the complexity and nonideality of its powder diffraction traces prevented the determination of its main structural features.
An Architecture for Collaborative Problem-Solving Control in Associate Systems (1997)

In the past, AI systems have strived to automate problem-solving processes completely. However, in recent years researchers have come to realize that it is not always possible or desirable to aim for total automation. Researchers are realizing the importance of human-computer collaborative systems in which the human and the computer work as a team in solving problems. This approach raises the question of how to design systems that support effective collaborative problem-solving between humans and computers. The primary contribution of this thesis is an architecture for coordination of collaborative problem-solving (CO-SOLVE) for an important class of human-computer collaborative systems called associate systems. Associate systems are knowledge-based systems which share the cognitive workload with their human partners. Designers of associate systems must deal with the complexities of integrating mixed-initiative (i.e. human and computer) control with the general issues of problem-solving control faced by traditional AI systems. CO-SOLVE provides mechanisms for attention synchronization and collaborative alternatives exploration. The Attention Synchronization Model (ASM) allows the system to track (rather than direct) the user''s activities in order to provide advice relevant to the current user activities. The Collaborative Alternatives Exploration Model (CAEM) is a mixed-initiative approach to exploring large, complex solution spaces. In this collaborative framework the user serves as solution evaluator and system controller and the computer as solution alternative generator. System evelopers using CAEM explicitly lay out steps in the problem-solving process for a given task and define points of human-computer interaction within the sequence of process steps. The other contribution of this thesis is a proof-of-concept prototype of CO-SOLVE, called SEDAR, which is implemented for a real-world, complex domain (flat and low-slope roof design). Two evaluations were conducted on SEDAR. The first assessed the effectiveness and usability of the ASM and its critiquing strategies as implemented in SEDAR. The evaluation showed that SEDAR reduced the error rate of experienced architects and also which advising strategies they preferred. The second evaluation assessed the effectiveness of the CAEM as implemented in SEDAR and showed that SEDAR 1) helped experienced architects reduce the amount of time spent developing solutions, and 2) increased the number of alternatives searched in the solution space.
Formation of bulk unipolar diodes in hydrogenated amorphous silicon by ion implantation (2001)

Bulk unipolar diodes with a wide range of barrier heights have been made in hydrogenated amorphous silicon by ion implantation. The precise concentration of dopant atoms that can be obtained when implanting into an amorphous substrate leads to accurate barrier height control. Compared with the alternative unipolar device, the Schottky diode, these devices should provide uniform, high barrier diodes for photodetectors, and very low barrier diodes for low-power, unbiased, mixers and detectors.
Aerotaxis in Salmonella typhimurium: role of electron transport (1981)

Sensory transduction in aerotaxis required electron transport, in contrast to chemotaxis, which is independent of electron transport. Assays for aerotaxis were developed by employing spatial and temporal oxygen gradients imposed independently of respiration. By varying the step increase in oxygen concentration in the temporal assay, the dose-response relationship was obtained for aerotaxis in Salmonella typhimurium. A half-maximal response at 0.4 microM oxygen and inhibition by 5 mM KCN suggested that the "receptor" for aerotaxis is cytochrome o. The response was independent of adenosine triphosphate formation via oxidative phosphorylation but did correlate with changes in membrane potential monitored with the fluorescent cyanine dye diS-C3-(5). Nitrate and fumarate, which are alternative electron acceptors for the respiratory chain in S. typhimurium, inhibited aerotaxis when nitrate reductase and fumarate reductase were induced. These results support the hypothesis that taxis to oxygen, nitrate, and fumarate is mediated by the electron transport system and by changes in the proton motive force. Aerotaxis was normal in Escherichia coli mutants that were defective in the tsr, tar, or trg genes; in S. typhimurium, oxygen did not stimulate methylation of the products of these genes. A cheC mutant which shows an inverse response to chemoattractants also gave an inverse response to oxygen. Therefore, aerotaxis is transduced by a distinct and unidentified signally protein but is focused into the common chemosensory pathway before the step involving the cheC product. When S. typhimurium became anaerobic, the decreased proton motive force from glycolysis supported slow swimming but not tumbling, indicating that a minimum proton motive force was required for tumbling. The bacteria rapidly adapted to the anaerobic condition and resumed tumbling after about 3 min. The adaptation period was much shorter when the bacteria had been previously grown anaerobically.
Index of Suspicion * Case 1: Round Opacity on Chest Radiograph, Cough, and Fever in a Child * Case 2: Groin Pain and Limp in a 10-year-old * Case 3: Focal Neurologic Signs in the Presence of Sickle Cell Disease * Case 4: Hypoglycemia and Microphallus in an Infant (2011)

A 5-year-old previously healthy boy presents from an outside hospital for further evaluation because of abnormal chest radiography findings. He developed fever, cough, and runny nose 2 weeks ago and was diagnosed as having influenza A. Due to persistence of the symptoms, chest radiography was obtained that showed a round opacity in the lower lobe of the left lung (Fig. 1). Cold agglutinin titers were positive and he was treated with a course of azithromycin. His symptoms improved in 1 week. Follow-up radiograph showed persistence of the opacity without any signs of resolution. CT scan confirmed the presence of an ovoid mass (6×5×4.5 cm) in the posterior aspect of the left lung base (Fig. 2). The boy is from a rural area and has no pets and no significant travel history. He has not lost weight.



Figure 1. 
Chest radiograph showing a round soft-tissue shadow in the left lung base.





Figure 2. 
CT scan of the chest showing a homogenous soft-tissue mass in the left lung.



On physical examination, the well-appearing boy has a temperature of 37.0°C and normal additional vital signs. Chest examination reveals reduced air entry in the left lung base with dullness to percussion. Findings on the rest of the examination are unremarkable.

Laboratory investigations show Hgb of 9 g/dL (90 g/L), WBC count of 10.5×103/μL (10.5×109/L), and platelet count of 853×103/μL (853×109/L). The ESR is 120 mm/hr and C-reactive protein is 64 mg/L (6.4 mg/dL). Mycoplasma immunoglobulin M titers are positive. Blood culture and purified protein derivative tuberculin test results are negative. Serology for histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis also is negative. Tumor markers such as β-human chorionic gonadotropin and α-fetoprotein are undetectable. A surgical procedure with further laboratory investigation helps to establish the diagnosis.

A 10-year-old boy presents with groin pain and limp …
Symmetry‐Protected Spoof Localized Surface Plasmonic Skyrmion (2022)

Abstract Electromagnetic (EM) skyrmions are an EM analogue of the skyrmions in condensed matter physics, offering new degrees of freedom to structure light and manipulate light–matter interactions and thus promising various groundbreaking applications in optics and photonics. Recently, there is a growing interest in composing EM skyrmions based on different field vectors of EM waves. Here, an EM skyrmion is realized, i.e., a spoof plasmonic skyrmion (SPS), using the electric field vectors of spoof localized surface plasmons (LSPs) in a planar microwave resonator with rotational and mirroring symmetries. The SPS is constructed by synthesizing a scalar vortex (a topological charge 0) and a polarization vortex (a topological charge 1) in the in‐plane and the out‐of‐plane component of the fields, respectively. Besides an experimental demonstration, group theory is employed and pinpoints the symmetry origin of the skyrmion. This investigation demonstrates the ubiquity of the existence of the skyrmion in any planar EM resonator holding rotational and mirroring symmetries, regardless the dimensions and the operating frequencies. This skyrmion design not only promises novel microwave applications for sensing and transferring information, but also lays down a general guideline for devising skyrmions operating over a broad range in the EM spectra.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) survival by etiology: A SEER-Medicare database analysis. (2019)

201 Background: HCC is the 6 th most common occurring cancer worldwide and the 4 th leading cause of cancer mortality, with a survival of 6-9 months. While survival varies by stage at diagnosis and treatment, the effect of HCC etiology on survival is unclear. We analyzed the SEER-Medicare database to evaluate whether HCC survival varied by etiology, after adjusting for stage, treatment, and survival. Methods: A total of 11,522 SEER-Medicare HCC cases (ICD-O-3 codes C22 for topography, 8170-8175 for morphology) met criteria for the Cox proportional hazard analyses to assess survival differences among the risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, alcohol disorders, and metabolic disorders. These analyses were adjusted for covariates for gender, age at diagnosis, race, ethnicity, tumor size and extent of disease, a modified Charlson Index of comorbidities, and treatments that included resection, transplantation, ablation, arterial directed therapy and radiotherapy. Cases with multiple and unknown etiologies were included in analyses, however genetic disorders and primary biliary cirrhosis were excluded due to their rarity. Results: HBV associated cases had the highest proportion of single nodules (40% vs 33% overall), localized stage disease (57% vs 49%), treatment (40% vs 27%), and greatest frequency of resection (18.6% vs 9%). Non-Hispanic Asians/Pacific Islanders accounted for 69% of HBV infection-related HCC cases but only 16% of all cases. HBV associated cases had better survival than did HCC cases with other etiologies. Specifically, after adjusting for demographic and clinical attributes, compared to cases with HBV infection, the risk of death was highest for alcohol-related HCC (HR=1.69; 95%CI:1.42-2.01) followed by multiple etiologies (HR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.20-1.64), metabolic disorders (HR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.13-1.55), HCV infection (HR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.10-1.53), and HCC of unknown etiology (HR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.04-1.43). Conclusions: Persons with HBV associated HCC had better survival than persons with HCC of other etiologies. Efforts to identify people with any etiologic risk factors for HCC, treat their conditions, and screen for HCC may improve overall survival.