gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies of Surface Wettability Conversion on TiO2 Single-Crystal Surfaces (1999)

Reversible surface wettability conversion on titanium dioxide (TiO2) single crystals has been achieved, and its mechanism has been examined by means of contact angle measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A UV light illuminated TiO2 single-crystal surface exhibited a 0° contact angle for both water and oil, indicative of a highly amphiphilic surface against its native hydrophobic surface. This was ascribed to photoreduction of surface Ti4+ to Ti3+ at definite sites, leading to preferential adsorption of dissociative water on top. A long-term storage of the highly amphiphilic surface resulted in reconversion of the surface wettability. It was found that the amphiphilic-to-hydrophobic reconversion is due to the replacement of the adsorbed hydroxyl groups by oxygen, which returns the surface geometric and electronic structures similar to the native TiO2 surface. The result of angle-resolved XPS measurement revealed that the surface reactions occurred at the uppermost layers of the single crystals. By comparing the reactivities of (110), (100), and (001) single-crystal surfaces, it was concluded that oxygen bridging sites played an important role in the surface wettability conversions.
Protein-Protein Coupling/Uncoupling Enables Dopamine D2Receptor Regulation of AMPA Receptor-Mediated Excitotoxicity (2005)

here is considerable evidence that dopamine D2 receptors can modulate AMPA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains essentially unclear. Here we report that D2 receptors inhibit AMPA-mediated neurotoxicity through two pathways: the activation of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3K) and downregulation of AMPA receptor plasma membrane expression, both involving a series of protein-protein coupling/uncoupling events. Agonist stimulation of D2 receptors promotes the formation of the direct protein-protein interaction between the third intracellular loop of the D2 receptor and the ATPase N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) while uncoupling the NSF interaction with the carboxyl tail (CT) of the glutamate receptor GluR2 subunit of AMPA receptors. Previous studies have shown that full-length NSF directly couples to the GluR2CT and facilitates AMPA receptor plasma membrane expression. Furthermore, the CT region of GluR2 subunit is also responsible for several other intracellular protein couplings, including p85 subunit of PI-3K. Therefore, the direct coupling of D2-NSF and concomitant decrease in the NSF-GluR2 interaction results in a decrease of AMPA receptor membrane expression and an increase in the interaction between GluR2 and the p85 and subsequent activation of PI-3K. Disruption of the D2-NSF interaction abolished the ability of D2 receptor to attenuate AMPA-mediated neurotoxicity by blocking the D2 activation-induced changes in PI-3K activity and AMPA receptor plasma membrane expression. Furthermore, the D2-NSF-GluR2-p85 interactions are also responsible for the D2 inhibition of ischemia-induced cell death. These data may provide a new avenue to identify specific targets for therapeutics to modulate glutamate receptor-governed diseases, such as stroke.
Ultra-low threshold quantum cascade laser (2021)

We present a quantum cascade laser operating at 4.3 μm wavelength and exhibiting a threshold current of only 9.5 mA while generating a single-mode maximum power of 0.9 mW at -20 °C in continuous-wave operation.
Low-rate turbo codes for deep-space communications (2002)

We develop b/n multiple turbo codes and an iterative turbo decoding scheme based on an approximation to the optimum bit decision rule (MAP). For random interleaver size of 16384 bits, a bit error probability of 10/sup -5/ at a required E/sub b//N/sub 0/ of about 0.8 dB from the binary-input channel capacity for rate b/n was obtained for various turbo codes. Examples are given for rate b/n=1/2, 1/3, 1/4 and 2/6 turbo codes using component codes with up to 16 states.
Influence of Constitutive laws on Shear Failure of Concrete Beams Without Web Reinforcement in Several Shear-Span Ratios (2002)

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Interaction networks, ecological stability, and collective antibiotic tolerance in polymicrobial infections (2017)

Polymicrobial infections constitute small ecosystems that accommodate several bacterial species. Commonly, these bacteria are investigated in isolation. However, it is unknown to what extent the isolates interact and whether their interactions alter bacterial growth and ecosystem resilience in the presence and absence of antibiotics. We quantified the complete ecological interaction network for 72 bacterial isolates collected from 23 individuals diagnosed with polymicrobial urinary tract infections and found that most interactions cluster based on evolutionary relatedness. Statistical network analysis revealed that competitive and cooperative reciprocal interactions are enriched in the global network, while cooperative interactions are depleted in the individual host community networks. A population dynamics model parameterized by our measurements suggests that interactions restrict community stability, explaining the observed species diversity of these communities. We further show that the clinical isolates frequently protect each other from clinically relevant antibiotics. Together, these results highlight that ecological interactions are crucial for the growth and survival of bacteria in polymicrobial infection communities and affect their assembly and resilience.
Studies on the Himalayan yew Taxus wallichiana: Part VII - The taxoids and phenolic constituents of the roots of Taxus wallichiana † (1999)

The systematic investigation on the roots of Taxus wallichiana has resulted in the isolation of nine taxoids-taxol 1 baccatin III 2, baccatin IV 3, taxusin 4, a C-14 oxygenated taxoid 5, I~-hydroxybaccatin 16, pentaacetoxy taxadiene 7, a dibenzoylated rearranged taxoid 8, 7-xylosyl-1 O-deacetyl-taxol C 9 and three phenolic compounds (-) seco-isolariciresinol 11, taxiresinol 12 and isotaxiresinol 13. The compounds have been characterized on the basis of their spectral characterist ics. The occurrence of taxoid 9 in the roots of the plant is quite significant. The distribution of the above compounds in other parts of the plant are also summarized.
Limitations to laser machining of silicon using femtosecond micro-Bessel beams in the infrared (2015)

We produce and characterize high-angle femtosecond Bessel beams at 1300-nm wavelength leading to nonlinearly ionized plasma micro-channels in both glass and silicon. With microjoule pulse energy, we demonstrate controlled through-modifications in 150-μm glass substrates. In silicon, strong two-photon absorption leads to larger damages at the front surface but also a clamping of the intensity inside the bulk at a level of ≈4 × 1011 W cm−2 which is below the threshold for volume and rear surface modification. We show that the intensity clamping is associated with a strong degradation of the Bessel-like profile. The observations highlight that the inherent limitation to ultrafast energy deposition inside semiconductors with Gaussian focusing [Mouskeftaras et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 191103 (2014)] applies also for high-angle Bessel beams.
VMTP: a transport protocol for the next generation of communication systems (1986)

The Versatile Message Transaction Protocol (VMTP) is a transport-level protocol designed to support remote procedure call, multicast and real-time communication. The protocol is optimized for efficient page-level network file access in particular. In this paper, we describe the significant aspects of the VMTP design, including the VMTP treatment of sessions, addressing, duplicate suppression, flow control and retransmissions plus its provision for multicast. The VMTP design reflects a change in the use of computer communication as well as a change in the underlying hardware base for the next generation of communication systems. It also challenges certain established notions in the design of protocols.
200 ps FWHM and 100 MHz repetition rate ultrafast gated camera for optical medical functional imaging (2012)

The paper describes the realization of a complete optical imaging device to clinical applications like brain functional imaging by time-resolved, spectroscopic diffuse optical tomography. The entire instrument is assembled in a unique setup that includes a light source, an ultrafast time-gated intensified camera and all the electronic control units. The light source is composed of four near infrared laser diodes driven by a nanosecond electrical pulse generator working in a sequential mode at a repetition rate of 100 MHz. The resulting light pulses, at four wavelengths, are less than 80 ps FWHM. They are injected in a four-furcated optical fiber ended with a frontal light distributor to obtain a uniform illumination spot directed towards the head of the patient. Photons back-scattered by the subject are detected by the intensified CCD camera; there are resolved according to their time of flight inside the head. The very core of the intensified camera system is the image intensifier tube and its associated electrical pulse generator. The ultrafast generator produces 50 V pulses, at a repetition rate of 100 MHz and a width corresponding to the 200 ps requested gate. The photocathode and the Micro-Channel-Plate of the intensifier have been specially designed to enhance the electromagnetic wave propagation and reduce the power loss and heat that are prejudicial to the quality of the image. The whole instrumentation system is controlled by an FPGA based module. The timing of the light pulses and the photocathode gating is precisely adjustable with a step of 9 ps. All the acquisition parameters are configurable via software through an USB plug and the image data are transferred to a PC via an Ethernet link. The compactness of the device makes it a perfect device for bedside clinical applications.
Identification of Immunodominant Regions within the C-Terminal Cell Binding Domain of Intimin α and Intimin β from Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1998)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains are a common cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries. EPEC strains induce a characteristic attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion on epithelial cells. A/E lesion formation requires intimin, an outer membrane adhesin protein. The cell-binding activity of intimin is localized at the C-terminal 280 amino acids of the polypeptide (Int280). So far, four distinct Int280 types (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) have been identified. The aim of this study was to identify immunodominant regions within the Int280alpha and Int280beta domains. Recombinant DNA was used to construct and express overlapping polypeptides spanning these domains. Rabbit anti-Int280 antisera and human colostral immunoglobulin A were reacted with these polypeptides in Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results obtained with the rabbit antisera showed the presence of two separate immunodominant regions which are common to both Int280alpha and Int280beta. The first localized within the N-terminal region of Int280, and the second localized between amino acids 80 and 130. The results with the human colostra revealed one reactivity pattern against the Int280alpha fragments but two different reactivity patterns against the Int280beta domain.
Emulsion polymerization of an epoxy‐acrylate emulsion stabilized with polyacrylate. i. influence of salt, initiator, neutralizing amine, and stirring speed (1999)

The past decade has seen the development of high-performance epoxy-acrylate coatings. Some of these coatings are used exclusively as can coatings. To improve chemical resistance, emulsion polymerization in the presence of the dispersed epoxy resin can be conducted. Replicated factorial designs were designed to investigate some of the factors that contribute to the performance and stability of the epoxy-acrylate coating. The factors investigated in this study were: the type and amount of neutralizing amine, the type of initiator, the presence or absence of salt, and the stirring speed of the impeller. The measured responses for the experimental design were particle size, particle size distribution, and conversion. It has been shown in this study that the type of amine used to neutralize the polyacrylic stabilizer significantly influenced the observed responses probably by acting as chain transfer agent during polymerization. The addition of salt significantly affected the observed responses by shielding the surface charges on the particle surface that impart stability to the latex through electrostatic repulsion. Stirring speed of the impeller and the type of initiator as factors in the range investigated do not influence the kinetics or the particle size and polydispersity to any great extent either on their own or in combination with other factors. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 1347–1360, 1999
The operation of VRLA lead acid batteries in parallel strings of dissimilar capacity or Can we now sin? (1999)

The operation of a 24 V VRLA battery formed by two strings of dissimilar cells and monoblocs in a 100% depth of discharge C/sub 3/ discharge/charge cycle service has revealed not unexpectedly that an asymmetric current flow from the strings occurs but that its implication on ultimate cycle service life is less significant than the strict rule of "do-not parallel dissimilar strings" would indicate.
A novel ultra-low NOx hydrogen combustor based on the Lean Azimuthal Flame concept (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1488.vid A novel gas turbine combustor concept operating with 100% H2 has been demonstrated at atmospheric conditions. The arrangement is based on the Lean Azimuthal Flame, where high-speed air jets are injected against the net flow and fuel injection, causing entrainment and recirculation of combustion products, promoting turbulence and mixing before reaction with hydrogen occurs. Emission measurements at the combustor outlet at atmospheric pressure revealed single-digit NO ppm levels, between 3–7 ppm for effective combustion powers between 3–20 kW. High-speed OH∗ imaging revealed a very stable flame, with no intermittent dynamics observed within a wide range of operating conditions. The results demonstrate great promise for pure hydrogen combustion.
Turbulent flow modeling using a fast, parallel, vortex tube and sheet method (1999)

Vortex methods, particularly when regarded as a gridfree technique for large eddy simulation, represent a promising new alternative for modeling high Reynolds number, turbulent, engineering flows. To be successful, equal consideration must be given to efficiency and accuracy. Thus, the requisite number of vortex elements in the calculation should be kept to a minimum, though without sacrificing the essential flow physics. Moreover, it is necessary to incorporate a fast method for calculating the velocities due to many vortex elements from the Biot-Savart law, e.g. through use of a parallel implementation of the Fast Multipole method (Greengard and Rokhlin 1987). This paper describes our recent efforts in developing a vortex method with these capabilities. A brief discussion of some of the principal features of the method will be followed by a presentation of some preliminary results in modeling high Reynolds number flow past a 6:1 prolate spheroid.
A Convenient and Single‐Step Synthesis of Substituted 12H‐Quinoxalino‐[2,3‐b][1,4]benzothiazines and ‐benzoxazines (1987)

Abstract Cyclocondensation of 2,3‐dichloroquinoxaline ( 4 ) and the 2‐aminothiophenols 1a–h or their zinc mercaptides 3a–h in the presence of alkaline dimethylformamide or in acidic medium afforded the corresponding 12 H ‐quinoxalino[2,3‐ b ][1,4]benzothiazines 7a–h in excellent yields. Similarly, the reaction of 4 with substituted 2‐aminophenols 2 in the presence of base using dimethylformamide as solvent gave the 12 H ‐quinoxalino[2,3‐ b ][1,4]‐benzoxazines 7i–k . Acetyl derivatives of 7a–k were prepared.
A Method For Generating A Notification On A Mobile Device Is Provided (2015)

Methods, systems and devices are provided for motion-activated display of messages on an activity monitoring device. In one embodiment, method for presenting a message on an activity monitoring device is provided, including the following method operations: downloading a plurality of messages to the device; detecting a stationary state of the device; detecting a movement of the device from the stationary state; in response to detecting the movement from the stationary state, selecting one of a plurality of messages, and displaying the selected message on the device.
Perspective—Challenges in Developing Wearable Electrochemical Sensors for Longitudinal Health Monitoring (2020)

Wearable electrochemical sensors have the potential to overcome the problem of infrequent clinical visits that leads to transient events of potential diagnostic importance being unduly overlooked. The promise of real-time, personalized health care has driven multidisciplinary work on fabricating various forms of wearable sensors. Although remarkable advances in device form factor and integrated circuit design have been achieved, notable hurdles, such as shelf life, reuseability, flex and sweat resistance, and longitudinal performance, remain unaddressed. This perspective seeks to summarize major advances in current wearable electrochemical sensors and to highlight the most pressing challenges that will benefit from collective research endeavors.
[Treatment with lepirudin in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. A case report]. (2002)

We report the case of a 71 old woman presenting a bilateral massive pulmonary embolism with intraventricular right thrombus complicating heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) persistent after one month of conventional anticoagulant processing. We underline the effectiveness of lepirudin (Refludan) in the curative processing of pulmonary embolism allowing here to avoid a complex surgical thromboembolectomy. We evoke the place of this molecule in the curative therapeutic strategy of HIT with thrombotic phenomena.
THE IMBALANCE OF SYMPATHETIC/PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM INFLUENCES ON MORNING BLOOD PRESSURE ELEVATION (2004)

Takagi, Takashi; Ohishi, M; Ito, N; Kaibe, M; Katsuya, T; Rakugi, H; Ogihara, T Author Information
A plant binary vector with an antisense soybean UDP-glucose dehydrogenase gene (2003)

Soybean seeds are a valuable food and feed source because of their high protein and oil content. Conventional breeding has had limited success in increasing both oil and protein. Reducing the amount of cell wall polysaccharide in soybean seed could allow higher protein and oil content, thus increasing their economic value. UDP-glucose dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in cell wall polysaccharide synthesis. To investigate the role of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase in seed development, a transgenic approach was initiated. A new binary vector has been constructed for soybean transformation that has the following features: i) the selectable marker hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt); ii) placement of the selectable marker adjacent to the T-DNA left border and, iii) an antisense copy of the UDP-glucose dehydrogenase gene driven by the seed-specific vicilin promoter. This genetic construct was engineered to suppress the expression of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase in soybean seeds.
Solvent nanofiltration for purifying pharmaceuticals (2013)

The projections recently published by the United Nations (UN) suggest that the global population may reach 8.9 billion people by the year 2050. Life expectancy is assumed to rise constantly with no upper limit and by the year 2100 is expected to vary from 66 to 97 years. As the population ages the demand for effective medicines is rising. At the same time the pharmaceutical industry keeps applying pressure to shorten development timelines for new chemical entities, so that new medicines can reach patients much faster. In the development and manufacturing of drugs the purification steps often consume the highest proportion of the processing time and costs. In parallel, there has been a surge in the expectations of patients regarding the purity of the desired pharmaceuticals. There are several processes available for yielding purified product: liquid chromatography, crystallization or distillation among others most of them, however have limitations. Therefore, progress is required in innovative technologies and processes characterized by higher stability, better selectivity and lower energy requirements. Applying membrane technology in the separation and purification of compounds can result in lower operating temperatures being needed, and less harsh conditions required, when compared to other processes. Thus it is of interest for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) manufacturing. Polymeric membranes are the most widely used for industrial membrane applications. However, an important challenge is to apply the existing polymeric membranes (suitable for aqueous operations) to non-aqueous solutions. Recent progress has led to the development of Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (OSN). OSN utilises solvent-resistant polymeric membranes to selectively retain solutes, and simultaneously allows smaller molecules to pass through the membrane. Nevertheless, ways in which membrane performance impacts the overall purification process have not yet been fully studied. Developing mathematical models of purification processes might help to better understand, and therefore better predict and control, the membrane process. Knowing the importance of a membrane in a filtration process, one should try to identify the areas where new membranes are desired. At the same time, one should try to understand how factors influencing membrane formation will affect membrane’s final performance. As a benefit of the research conducted, by the end of this study the knowledge gained should result in the fabrication of membranes with enhanced capabilities.
A Survey on Simulation of Power Systems Resilience Under Extreme Weather Events (2019)

Resilience is one of the topics undergoing intense studies in the field of power grid modernization. This study focuses on gathering the latest ongoing work in the field of Power Grid Resilience with a focus on resilience under extreme weather events. Therefore, a set of papers have been collected which were published in specific venues for the last 4 years. Then, the study included only papers that satisfied specific keywords such as Resilience, Restoration of the Power Grid, Resilience Metrics, Simulation Paradigms for power grids interdependencies, and power grid resilience against Weather Events. The aim of the survey is to depict the research done on the power systems resilience and if co-simulation is the key to analyze and manage interdependencies. The Survey resulted in answering questions related to the set of techniques applied in the four phases of resilience, the resilience metrics and co-simulation of interdependencies for power systems resilience.