gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Al&ndash;Ni&ndash;Y&ndash;Co Amorphous Alloys with High Mechanical Strengths, Wide Supercooled Liquid Region and Large Glass-Forming Capacity (1990)

The effect of additional elements on the formation, thermal stability and mechanical properties of Al–Ni–Y and Al–Ni–Ce amorphous alloys was examined with the aim of obtaining Al-based amorphous alloys exhibiting simultaneously high strengths, large glass-forming capacity and wide supercooled liquid region. The replacement of Y by 2 at% Co for Al85Ni5Y10 was found to result in an increase of the critical ribbon thickness for formation of an amorphous phase (tc) from 120 to 900 μm, the heat of endothermic reaction due to glass transition (ΔHg) from 143 to 393 J/mol and the tensile strength (σf) from 920 to 1250 MPa. In addition, the heat of crystallization (ΔHx) increases from 3.37 kJ/mol for Al85Ni5Y10 to 3.60 kJ/mol for Al85Ni5Y8Co2. The simultaneous increase in the tc, ΔHg and σf is presumably due to the change to the amorphous structure with a more dense random packing and a larger bonding energy among the constituent atoms because the Hx is thought to reflect the integral of the atomic forces over the interatomic distance change in collapse from the amorphous to the crystalline phase. The finding of the Al85Ni5Y8Co2 alloy is important for subsequent development of Al-based amorphous alloys as a new type of high strength materials with low density.
Passive Aerosol Sampler. Part II: Wind Tunnel Experiments (2001)

Wind tunnel experiments have been performed on a passive aerosol sampler. The sampler estimates average concentrations and size distributions using a deposition velocity model and the measured particle flux to the sampler. The small-scale wind tunnel incorporated a high-output aerosol generator that produced nonvolatile, polydisperse particles. An eight-stage impactor was connected to the tunnel with an isoaxial, isokinetic probe and was equipped with polycarbonate-membrane substrates saturated with oleic acid to minimize particle bounce. Before performing experiments, the tunnel's test section was characterized. Aerosol concentrations were determined to have a CV < 6%. The friction velocity, an index of turbulence, was found to range from 0.09 to 0.25 m/s for wind speeds of 1.5 to 5 m/s. The empirical portion of the deposition velocity model, γm, was determined as a function of particle size by minimizing the sum-of-squares difference between impactor and passive sampler across all size bins and all experiments. The relatively simple correlation is a function of the particle Reynolds number only. Precision was assessed by running three passive samplers simultaneously in each experiment. The tests yielded CV PM2.5 = 18.1% and CV PM10 = 32.2%. ANOVA tests were conducted on accuracy and precision to see whether they depended on wind speed, relative humidity, or aerosol concentration, and accuracy was tested with respect to particle size. No significant trends were observed. Sensitivity analysis showed that the volume shape factor is the most important of the mass and shape conversion factors. If SEM is used, the passive sampler will exhibit some error when sampling volatile aerosols. Because concentrations fluctuate over time, long-term exposures measured by the passive sampler should be more accurate than conventional averages based on short-term samples.
Estudo da atividade catalitica do oxido de zirconio na polimerização de estireno por espectroscopia de infravermelho (1992)

Este trabalho esta divido em t.res partes. A primeira delas descreve a obtencao de membranas poli(vinilpirrolidona), assimetricas de blendas de polisulfona atraves do processo de inversao de fase e para utilizacao em ultrafiltracao. As membranas foram caracterizadas atraves de medidas de fluxo e retencao de solucoes de polietileno glicois e de dextranas, com diferentes pesos moleculares, e tambem por microscopia eletronica de de varredura. Os cortes obtidos para estas membranas variam entre 4 x 10 a 2 x 10 g.mol e dependem, principalmente, da composicao da solucao de partida e do tratamento feito na membrana apos a formacao do filme. Na segunda parte e demonstrada a possibilidade pratica de fracionamento e concentracao de proteinas de soro, em funcao de suas massas molares, utilizando-se para isto as seguintes t.ecnicas de membrana: ultrafiltracao centrifuga, osmocentrifugacao e ultrafiltracao em multiplo estagio. Esta ultima tecnica consiste na centrifugacao do soro a 3000 rpm e durante 1 hora, em dispositivos que possuem tres membranas com diferentes cortes. Ocorre assim o fracionamento das proteinas do soro ao mesmo tempo em que os componentes retidos sao concentrados. A ultima parte do trabalho trata da investigacao da formacao de gradientes de ions sodio e potassio em solucoes de polieletrolitos, submetidos a osmocentrifugacao. Os gradientes gerados dependem da concentracao de polieletrolito, da concentracao total de ions e do tempo de centrifugacao. De forma geral, os gradientes de potassio sao mais acentuados do que os de sodio. Conclui-se que a osmocentrifugacao e uma tecnica util tambem no solutos de baixa massa molar, tais como ions. 
Abstract
Large vocabulary continuous speech recognition in greek: corpus and an automatic dictation system (2003)

In this work, we present the creation of the first Greek Speech Corpus and the implementation of a Dictation System for workflow improvement in the field of journalism. The current work was implemented under the project called Logotypografia (Logos = logos, speech and Typografia = typography) sponsored by the General Secretariat of Research and Development of Greece. This paper presents the process of data collection (texts and recordings), waveform processing (transcriptions), creation of the acoustic and language models and the final integration to a fully functional dictation system. The evaluation of this system is also presented. The Logotypografia database, described here, is available by ELRA.
Measures of Information Reflect Memorization Patterns (2022)

Neural networks are known to exploit spurious artifacts (or shortcuts) that co-occur with a target label, exhibiting heuristic memorization. On the other hand, networks have been shown to memorize training examples, resulting in example-level memorization. These kinds of memorization impede generalization of networks beyond their training distributions. Detecting such memorization could be challenging, often requiring researchers to curate tailored test sets. In this work, we hypothesize -- and subsequently show -- that the diversity in the activation patterns of different neurons is reflective of model generalization and memorization. We quantify the diversity in the neural activations through information-theoretic measures and find support for our hypothesis on experiments spanning several natural language and vision tasks. Importantly, we discover that information organization points to the two forms of memorization, even for neural activations computed on unlabelled in-distribution examples. Lastly, we demonstrate the utility of our findings for the problem of model selection. The associated code and other resources for this work are available at https://rachitbansal.github.io/information-measures.
Integrating Recent Land Cover Mapping Efforts to Update the National Gap Analysis Program's Species Habitat Map (2014)

Abstract. Over the past decade, great progress has been made to develop national extent land cover mapping products to address natural resource issues. One of the core products of the GAP Program is range-wide species distribution models for nearly 2000 terrestrial vertebrate species in the U.S. We rely on deductive modeling of habitat affinities using these products to create models of habitat availability. That approach requires that we have a thematically rich and ecologically meaningful map legend to support the modeling effort. In this work, we tested the integration of the Multi-Resolution Landscape Characterization Consortium's National Land Cover Database 2011 and LANDFIRE's Disturbance Products to update the 2001 National GAP Vegetation Dataset to reflect 2011 conditions. The revised product can then be used to update the species models. We tested the update approach in three geographic areas (Northeast, Southeast, and Interior Northwest). We used the NLCD product to identify areas where the cover type mapped in 2011 was different from what was in the 2001 land cover map. We used Google Earth and ArcGIS base maps as reference imagery in order to label areas identified as "changed" to the appropriate class from our map legend. Areas mapped as urban or water in the 2011 NLCD map that were mapped differently in the 2001 GAP map were accepted without further validation and recoded to the corresponding GAP class. We used LANDFIRE's Disturbance products to identify changes that are the result of recent disturbance and to inform the reassignment of areas to their updated thematic label. We ran species habitat models for three species including Lewis's Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis) and the White-tailed Jack Rabbit (Lepus townsendii) and Brown Headed nuthatch (Sitta pusilla). For each of three vertebrate species we found important differences in the amount and location of suitable habitat between the 2001 and 2011 habitat maps. Specifically, Brown headed nuthatch habitat in 2011 was −14% of the 2001 modeled habitat, whereas Lewis's Woodpecker increased by 4%. The white-tailed jack rabbit (Lepus townsendii) had a net change of −1% (11% decline, 10% gain). For that species we found the updates related to opening of forest due to burning and regenerating shrubs following harvest to be the locally important main transitions. In the Southeast updates related to timber management and urbanization are locally important.
1.9 μm Few-Cycle Pulses Based on Multi-Thin-Plate Spectral Broadening and Nonlinear Self-Compression (2021)

In attosecond and strong-field physics, the acquisition of few-cycle laser sources open up a new area. We report a nonlinear pulse compression technology combining multi-thin-plate spectral broadening and nonlinear self-compression that generates a 0.52 mJ, good spatial quality characteristics and a spectral bandwidth supporting a 14 fs Fourier transform limited duration at 1 kHz repetition rate and at a center wavelength of 1.9 μm. The total energy transfer efficiency is up to 83%. Pulse to pulse stability of the energy output is 0.7% (RMS). The pulse duration is near 3 optical cycles. This pulse compression approach can be a key-enabling technology for the next generation of extreme photonics, attosecond research and coherent x ray-science, and it also can be further extended to mid-infrared lasers with longer wavelengths and higher peak power.
Al-Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Ge and Formation of Fractal Ge Micro-/Nanoclusters (2012)

Results on Al-induced crystallization of amorphous Ge (a-Ge) deposited by vacuum thermal evaporation techniques under thermal annealing in N(2) atmosphere are presented in detail. The a-Ge crystallization and fractal Ge pattern formation on the free surface of annealed Al/Ge bilayer films deposited on single-crystal Si (100) substrates were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and Raman spectra. It is found that the temperature field effects play an extremely crucial role in a-Ge crystallization and fractal Ge formation process. The open branched structure of fractal Ge clusters in Al/Ge bilayer films was effectively prepared by Al-induced crystallization when they were annealed at 400 °C for 60 min. These films with fractal Ge clusters exhibit charming noninteger dimensional nanostructures, which differ from those of conventional integer dimensional materials such as one-dimensional nanowires/nanorods, nanotubes, nanobelts/nanoribbons, two-dimensional heterojunctions, thin films, and zero-dimensional nanoparticles. The SEM image shows that a big Al grain was found located near the center of a fractal Ge cluster after the films were annealed at 400 and 500 °C for 60 min. This suggests that the grain boundaries of polycrystalline Al films are the initial nucleation sites of a-Ge. It also validates the preferred nucleation theory of a-Ge at triple-point grain boundaries of polycrystalline Al at the interface. This discovery may be explained by the metal-induced nucleation (MIN) mechanism.
Lyric-based automatic music image generator for music browser using scene knowledge (2013)

This paper presents a proposal of a music image generator for users to grasp music easily and instantaneously on consumer electronics devices such as music players and smartphones. It provides users faster and more efficient music browsing functionality using a technique that automatically generates a music image that matches lyric contents. More specifically, a scene theme such as an event or place is extracted from lyrics using text mining techniques. A suitable music image is then created dynamically to match this extracted scene theme. This image generation is achieved by synthesizing multiple image materials to express the extracted scene theme flexibly. For choosing image materials, scene knowledge that has representative scene object compositions is proposed. Using this knowledge, the image synthesizer can select appropriate materials. Finally, the performance of the proposed automatic knowledge creation method is evaluated by comparison with manually created knowledge. Based on optimal parameters calculated in the evaluation, some examples of music images for well-known music lyrics are presented. In addition, the implemented system applying the proposed generator onto a server-side and a consumer-side consumer electronics device is also described.
Mie theory applications to study response of metallic nanospheres in a nanocomposite medium (2010)

International audience
Prevention and treatment of mammary cancer with monoterpenes. (1994)

The monoterpenes are a new class of anticancer drugs having efficacy in both cancer prevention and treatment. We have shown that the monocyclic monoterpenes limonene and perillyl alcohol can prevent chemically-induced rat mammary carcinomas if fed either during the initiation stage or the promotion/progression stage of carcinogenesis. In addition, these terpenes can induce the complete regression of the majority of advanced mammary carcinomas without toxicity. The activities associated with tumor regression include the inhibition of the prenylation of small G proteins and the synthesis of ubiquinone. In addition, regressing tumors have elevated levels of TGFβ and its activating receptor. Both rodents and humans metabolize limonene to similar compounds. Based on these findings limonene is currently undergoing clinical testing in cancer patients.
Toroidal Active Omni-Wheel Mechanism with Alternated Gear-driven Rims along Villarceau Circle (2022)

This paper introduces an omni-directional wheel mechanism with active sub-rollers along a Villarceau circle formed in the cross section of a torus/troid. This unique arrangement of the active sub-rollers and the screw-like outline are expected to improve the traveling performance on uneven terrain.
On Applications of Disruption Tolerant Networking to Optical Networking in Space (2012)

The integration of optical communication links into space networks via Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) is a largely unexplored area of research. Building on successful foundational work accomplished at JPL, we discuss a multi-hop multi-path network featuring optical links. The experimental test bed is constructed at the NASA Glenn Research Center featuring multiple Ethernet-to-fiber converters coupled with free space optical (FSO) communication channels. The test bed architecture models communication paths from deployed Mars assets to the deep space network (DSN) and finally to the mission operations center (MOC). Reliable versus unreliable communication methods are investigated and discussed; including reliable transport protocols, custody transfer, and fragmentation. Potential commercial applications may include an optical communications infrastructure deployment to support developing nations and remote areas, which are unburdened with supporting an existing heritage means of telecommunications. Narrow laser beam widths and control of polarization states offer inherent physical layer security benefits with optical communications over RF solutions. This paper explores whether or not DTN is appropriate for space-based optical networks, optimal payload sizes, reliability, and a discussion on security.
A simple in vitro assay for assessing the efficacy, mechanisms and kinetics of anti-prion fibril compounds (2018)

Prion diseases are caused by the conversion of normal cellular prion proteins (PrP) into lethal prion aggregates. These prion aggregates are composed of proteinase K (PK) resistant fibrils and comparatively PK-sensitive oligomers. Currently there are no anti-prion pharmaceuticals available to treat or prevent prion disease. Methods of discovering anti-prion molecules rely primarily on relatively complex cell-based, tissue slice or animal-model assays that measure the effects of small molecules on the formation of PK-resistant prion fibrils. These assays are difficult to perform and do not detect the compounds that directly inhibit oligomer formation or alter prion conversion kinetics. We have developed a simple cell-free method to characterize the impact of anti-prion fibril compounds on both the oligomer and fibril formation. In particular, this assay uses shaking-induced conversion (ShIC) of recombinant PrP in a 96-well format and resolution enhanced native acidic gel electrophoresis (RENAGE) to generate, assess and detect PrP fibrils in a high throughput fashion. The end-point PrP fibrils from this assay can be further characterized by PK analysis and negative stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This cell-free, gel-based assay generates metrics to assess anti-prion fibril efficacy and kinetics. To demonstrate its utility, we characterized the action of seven well-known anti-prion molecules: Congo red, curcumin, GN8, quinacrine, chloropromazine, tetracycline, and TUDCA (taurourspdeoxycholic acid), as well as four suspected anti-prion compounds: trans-resveratrol, rosmarinic acid, myricetin and ferulic acid. These findings suggest that this in vitro assay could be useful in identifying and comprehensively assessing novel anti-prion fibril compounds. Abbreviations: PrP, prion protein; PK, proteinase K; ShIC, shaking-induced conversion; RENAGE, resolution enhanced native acidic gel electrophoresis; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; TUDCA, taurourspdeoxycholic acid; BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy; CWD, chronic wasting disease; CJD, Creutzfeldt Jakob disease; GSS, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome; FFI, fatal familial insomnia; PrP<sup>c</sup>, cellular prion protein; recPrP<sup>C</sup>, recombinant monomeric prion protein; PrP<sup>Sc</sup>, infectious particle of misfolded prion protein; RT-QuIC, real-time quaking-induced conversion; PMCA, Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate; GN8, 2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-N-[4-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-acetylamino)-benzyl]-phenyl]-acetamide; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; ScN2A, scrapie infected neuroblastoma cells; IC50, inhibitory concentration for 50% reduction; recMoPrP <sup>23-231</sup>, recombinant full-length mouse prion protein residues 23-231; EDTA; PICUP, photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified protein; BSA, bovine serum albumin;; PMSF, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride.
Dichloro[1,1′-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) (2009)

[95408-45-0] InChI = 1S/2C13H22P.2ClH.Fe.Pd/c2*1-12(2,3)14(13(4,5)6)11-9-7-8-10-11;;;;/h2*7-10H,1-6H3;2*1H;;/q;;;;;+2/p-2 InChIKey = JQZFOBWXNREQLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Solubility: partially soluble in acetone, alcohols, THF, dioxane and so on. Soluble in CH2Cl2, and CHCl3. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1 31P-NMR: δ 68.7 ppm in CD2Cl2.1H-NMR: δ1.6 ppm (36H, tert-butyl), 4.5 ppm (4H, Cp), 4.6 ppm (4H,Cp) in CD2Cl2.P–Pd–P angle (bite angle): 104.2°. Form Supplied in: reddish brown microcrystalline solid. Commercially availability from Johnson Matthey for bulk (multigram to multikulogram trade name Pd-118™), Alfa Aesar and Aldrich for catalog quantities. Handling Storage, and Precautions: reasonably stable to air and moisture. Major applications include catalysis, especially cross-coupling reactions of challenging substrates such as aryl chlorides, heterocyclic halides, etc.
Therapeutic efficacy of autologous platelet‐rich plasma and polydeoxyribonucleotide on female pattern hair loss (2014)

Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) exerts positive therapeutic effects on hair thickness and density in patients with pattern hair loss. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of intra-perifollicular autologous PRP and polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) injections in treating female pattern hair loss (FPHL). Twenty FPHL patients were treated with a single session of PRP injection, followed by 12 sessions of PDRN intra-perifollicular injection, along the scalp at weekly intervals. Additionally, another 20 FPHL patients were treated with 12 sessions of PDRN injection only. Meanwhile, one half of the backs of two rabbits was injected with the PRP preparation, while the other half was injected with phosphate buffered saline as a control. Tissue samples from the rabbits were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Compared with baseline values, patients treated with PRP and PDRN injections exhibited clinical improvement in mean hair counts (23.2 ± 15.5%; p < 0.001) and mean hair thickness (16.8 ± 10.8%; p < 0.001). In addition, patients treated with the 12 sessions of intra-perifollicular PDRN injection alone also showed clinical improvement in mean hair counts (17.9 ± 13.2%; p < 0.001) and mean hair thickness (13.5 ± 10.7%; p < 0.001). Comparison analyses between the two groups revealed that combined therapy with PRP and PDRN induces greater improvement in hair thickness than treatment with PDRN therapy alone (p = 0.031), but not in hair counts (p > 0.05). The pilot animal study revealed significant up-regulation of WNT, platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor expression in rabbit skin treated with the PRP preparation, compared with control skin. In conclusion, intra-perifollicular injections of autologous PRP and/or PDRN generate improvements in hair thickness and density in FPHL patients.
The Development of Lateralization Abilities in Children with Bilateral Cochlear Implants (2013)

The lateralization abilities of children with bilateral CIs develop in a relatively short period of time (1-2 years) after the second implant. Children appear to be able to acquire binaural skills after bilateral cochlear implantation.
Deficiency of canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in hepatic dendritic cells triggers autoimmune hepatitis (2019)

We report here that the constitutively active canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling confers HDCs tolerogenicity under steady-state conditions. Deficiency of this pathway gives rise to T cell-mediated immune response and incidence of AIH. It may act as a new pathogenesis and treatment target for AIH.