gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cold-Adapted β-Galactosidase from the Antarctic Psychrophile Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis (2001)

The beta-galactosidase from the Antarctic gram-negative bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAE 79 was purified to homogeneity. The nucleotide sequence and the NH(2)-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme indicate that the beta-galactosidase subunit is composed of 1,038 amino acids with a calculated M(r) of 118,068. This beta-galactosidase shares structural properties with Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (comparable subunit mass, 51% amino sequence identity, conservation of amino acid residues involved in catalysis, similar optimal pH value, and requirement for divalent metal ions) but is characterized by a higher catalytic efficiency on synthetic and natural substrates and by a shift of apparent optimum activity toward low temperatures and lower thermal stability. The enzyme also differs by a higher pI (7.8) and by specific thermodynamic activation parameters. P. haloplanktis beta-galactosidase was expressed in E. coli, and the recombinant enzyme displays properties identical to those of the wild-type enzyme. Heat-induced unfolding monitored by intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy showed lower melting point values for both P. haloplanktis wild-type and recombinant beta-galactosidase compared to the mesophilic enzyme. Assays of lactose hydrolysis in milk demonstrate that P. haloplanktis beta-galactosidase can outperform the current commercial beta-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis, suggesting that the cold-adapted beta-galactosidase could be used to hydrolyze lactose in dairy products processed in refrigerated plants.
Transcription from Bam HI a in NPC (1991)

Recent studies have identified several EBV-specific transcripts in C15, an NPC passaged in nude mice1,2. These transcripts include both of the EBER RNAs, two related transcripts encoding LMP and several RNAs transcribed rightward from BamHI A3. Early replicative messages were not detected in C15, suggesting that this tumor is latently infected; therefore, the viral RNAs expressed from BamHI A are latent transcripts. The detection of transcription from BamHI A in latently infected epithelial cells is interesting because this region has not previously been identified as being transcriptionally active in latently infected lymphoid cells either by Northern blot or in situ hybridization4,5. This study investigates whether transcription from BamHI A is a consistent feature in NPC and attempts to determine whether these RNAs could possibly encode one or more viral antigens which are expressed in NPC.
Lithiated Zeolite as Additives for Low‐Cost Positive Electrode (2021)

Abstract For low‐cost positive electrode chemistry, including lithium manganese oxide (LMO) and its mixture with high capacity lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), such as NMC532 blended with LMO, transition metal dissolution potentially compromises battery cycle life. Here the benefits of using lithium‐ion exchanged zeolite (Li‐zeolite) are demonstrated on mitigating transitional metal dissolution and improving the cycling performance for batteries particularly at high temperature. Adopted as an additive to cathode electrodes through mixing or coating, Li‐zeolite has shown the improved cycle life. Postmortem analysis through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron probe micro‐analyzer (EPMA) further clarifies the functions of Li‐zeolite in batteries and advises it future development. While the efforts on further optimization of electrode quality and increasing loading for desirable energy density is ongoing, the processes and results reported in this work provide a simple and practical route to enhance the performance for LMO and LMO blended electrodes. The application of Li‐zeolite is envisioned as a low‐cost and scalable path which can be potentially implemented in electrode manufacturing.
Tris(Trimethylsilyl)Arsine and Lithium Bis(Trimethylsilyl)Arsenide (1996)

This chapter contains sections titled: Tris(trimethylsilyl)arsine Lithium Bis(trimethylsilyl)arsenide
Development of selective inhibitors for human aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) for the enhancement of cyclophosphamide cytotoxicity (2014)

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) plays an important role in many cellular oxidative processes, including cancer chemoresistance, by metabolizing activated forms of oxazaphosphorine drugs such as cyclophosphamide (CP) and its analogues, such as mafosfamide (MF), ifosfamide (IFM), and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HPCP). Compounds that can selectively target ALDH3A1 could permit delineation of its roles in these processes and could restore chemosensitivity in cancer cells that express this isoenzyme. Here we report the detailed kinetic and structural characterization of an ALDH3A1-selective inhibitor, CB29, previously identified in a high-throughput screen. Kinetic and crystallographic studies demonstrate that CB29 binds within the aldehyde substrate-binding site of ALDH3A1. Cellular proliferation of ALDH3A1-expressing lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and glioblastoma (SF767) cell lines, as well as ALDH3A1 non-expressing lung fibroblast (CCD-13Lu) cells, is unaffected by treatment with CB29 and its analogues alone. However, sensitivity toward the anti-proliferative effects of mafosfamide is enhanced by treatment with CB29 and its analogue in the tumor cells. In contrast, the sensitivity of CCD-13Lu cells toward mafosfamide was unaffected by the addition of these same compounds. CB29 is chemically distinct from the previously reported small-molecule inhibitors of ALDH isoenzymes and does not inhibit ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3, ALDH1B1, or ALDH2 isoenzymes at concentrations up to 250 μM. Thus, CB29 is a novel small molecule inhibitor of ALDH3A1, which might be useful as a chemical tool to delineate the role of ALDH3A1 in numerous metabolic pathways, including sensitizing ALDH3A1-positive cancer cells to oxazaphosphorines.
Color Reflection Holography (1989)

We discuss a method for producing high quality true color reflection holograms in silver halide based on multiple wavelength recording in a sandwiched emulsion layer. From a consideration of the literature on color theory and an experiment conducted in psychophysics, we determined optimum available laser wavelengths for color holography: 458 nm blue, 528 nm green and 647 nm red (a combination not used in the past). We then used these wavelengths to record true-color white light reflection display holograms of a set of Munsel colored papers. Ilford SP672T and SP673T emulsions provided the high spatial frequency response necessary for blue recordings. The hologram and object were measured and compared using a spot spectro-radiometer to determine the fidelity of color reproduction. The techniques were then used to record holograms of a three dimensional colored object.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cost of Elective Labor Induction Compared With Expectant Management in Nulliparous Women (2020)

Total costs of elective labor induction and expectant management did not differ significantly. These results challenge the assumption that elective induction of labor leads to significant cost escalation.
Fructose ingestion acutely stimulates circulating FGF21 levels in humans (2014)

Fructose ingestion acutely and robustly increases serum FGF21 levels in humans in a pattern consistent with a hormonal response. While FGF21 appears to be critical for the adaptive response to fasting or starvation in rodents, these findings suggest that in humans, FGF21 may play an important role in fructose metabolism.
Eotaxin Increases Monolayer Permeability of Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells (2009)

Eotaxin increases vascular permeability through CCR3, the downregulation of tight junction proteins, increase of oxidative stress, and activation of MAPK p38, Stat3, and NF-kB pathways in HCAECs.
Cpu0507, An Endothelin Receptor Antagonist, Improves Rat Hypoxic Pulmonary Artery Hypertension And Constriction In Vivo And In Vitro (2006)

1. The Aim Of The Present Study Was To Test The Efficacy Of The Novel Endothelin (Et) Receptor Antagonist CPU0507 In Treating Rat Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension (Ph) In Vivo And In Vitro And To Explore The Role Of The Et-1 System In The Disease. 2. Male Sprague-dawley Rats (220 +/- 20 G) Were Divided Into Four Groups: (I) Control; (Ii) Untreated Hypoxic (28 Days Hypoxia); (Iii) Hypoxic Rats Treated In The Last 5 Days Of Hypoxia With Nifedipine(5 Mg/kg Per Day, P.o.); And (Iv) Hypoxic Rats Treated In The Last 5 Days Of Hypoxia With CPU0507 (20 Mg/kg Per Day, S.c.). Effects Of Treatments On Haemodynamics And Biochemical Data, As Well As Functional Assessments Of The Isolated Pulmonary Artery, Were Determined In Vivo And In Vitro. 3. It Was Found That CPU0507 Reduced The Elevated Pulmonary Arterial Pressure And Right Heart Weight Index And Restored Abnormalities In Nitric Oxide (No), Malondialdehyde And No Synthase (Nos) In The Serum And Superoxide Dismutase, Hydroxyproline And Nos In Pulmonary Homogenates. In Addition, CPU0507 Restored Altered Pulmonary Vasoconstrictor And Vasodilator Responses. Vascular Constriction And Dilatation Of Untreated Pulmonary Arteries Were Reverted Effectively Towards Normal Following Exposure Of Artery Rings To CPU0507 In Vitro. 4. In Conclusion, The Results Indicate That Hypoxic Ph Is Relieved Significantly By CPU0507 In Vivo And In Vitro And The Effects Are Presumed To Be Mediated By Suppression Of The Et-reactive Oxygen Species Axis.
Regulation of Sertoli cell differentiation by the testicular paracrine factor PModS: analysis of common signal transduction pathways. (1994)

In the testis the mesenchymally derived peritubular cells produce a paracrine factor, PModS, that mediates mesenchymal-epithelial interactions and modulates Sertoli cell functions essential for the process of spermatogenesis. PModS has a more dramatic effect on Sertoli cell differentiated functions in vitro than any regulatory agent previously shown to influence the cells, including FSH. The current study initiates an investigation of the pharmacology of PModS through an analysis of several common signal transduction pathways. PModS was found to stimulate cGMP levels in Sertoli cells and maintain elevated levels for up to 5 days in culture. PModS had no influence on cAMP levels. In contrast, FSH stimulated cAMP, but had no influence on cGMP levels. For comparison, an agent known to influence cGMP levels, atrial naturetic factor (ANF), was used to treat Sertoli cells. ANF caused a dramatic increase in Sertoli cell cGMP levels within minutes of treatment, but did not maintain elevated cGMP levels after a 72-h treatment. Although ANF increased guanylate cyclase in whole Sertoli cell homogenates and particulate fractions, PModS did not directly influence guanylate cyclase activity. As previously shown, PModS stimulates transferrin expression as a marker of Sertoli cell differentiated function. Agents that elevate cellular cGMP, including ANF, sodium nitroprusside, and 8-bromo-cGMP, did not influence Sertoli cell transferrin expression. In addition, these agents did not influence the actions of PModS or FSH. Therefore, cGMP does not appear to directly mediate the actions of PModS. As an alternative signal transduction pathway, calcium mobilization and inositol phosphate (IP) metabolism were examined. PModS did not alter calcium uptake or intracellular calcium mobilization. PModS also did not influence the levels of inositol mono-, bis-, or trisphosphates, whereas calf serum did stimulate levels of all three IP metabolites in Sertoli cells. Therefore, PModS does not appear to act through a mobilization of calcium or increased metabolism of IP. A final signal transduction pathway involving phosphorylation was also examined. PModS treatment was found to increase tyrosine phosphorylation of specific proteins in a crude Sertoli cell cytosol preparation. Genistein is an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases and was found to reduce PModS actions at a 3.7-microM concentration of genistein and inhibit PModS actions at a 37-microM concentration of genistein. Therefore, PModS may act through a tyrosine phosphorylation event that remains to be elucidated. Combined observations indicate that PModS does not use cyclic nucleotides, calcium mobilization, or IP metabolism as a signal transduction pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Worker Safety Considerations for Deployment of Mobile Disconnect Switches on Transmission Lines (2020)

Mobile disconnect switches allow electrical isolation on high voltage transmission lines where stationary switches are not available, or special switching is required. In particular, dropping/picking part of a line and loop switching are two key applications of mobile switches. These switches are used in live-line environment. Therefore, several worker safety considerations must be taken into account prior to their deployment. Electrical clearance, grounding design, switch duty calculation and switching sequence - all needs to be assessed. This article provides a set of simplified methods for initial calculations, and an example of real-world deployment where many of these issues are addressed.
The Chinese Stroke Association scientific statement: intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke (2017)

The most effective medical treatment for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is to offer intravenous thrombolysis during the ultra-early period of time after the onset. Even based on the Consensus of Chinese Experts on Intravenous Thrombolysis for AIS in 2012 and 2014 Chinese Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of AIS, the rate of thrombolysis for AIS in China remained around 2.4%, and the rate of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator usage was only about 1.6% in real world. The indication of thrombolysis for AIS has been expanded, and contraindications have been reduced with recently published studies. In order to facilitate the standardisation of treating AIS, improve the rate of thrombolysis and benefit patients who had a stroke, Chinese Stroke Association has organised and developed this scientific statement.
Survival, Acid and Bile Tolerance, and Surface Hydrophobicity of Microencapsulated B. animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 during Storage at Room Temperature (2011)

Survival, acid and bile tolerance, and surface hydrophobicity of microencapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 were studied during storage at room temperature (25 °C) at low water activity (0.07, 0.1, and 0.2). Two types of alginate-based systems were prepared with and without mannitol as microencapsulant of B. animalis ssp. lactis Bb12. Formation of gel beads containing cells was achieved by dropping each emulsion into CaCl(2) solution; then, the beads were freeze dried. Survival, acid tolerance during 2-h exposure in de Man, Rogosa, Sharpe (MRS) broth at pH 2.0, bile tolerance during 8-h exposure in MRS broth containing taurocholic acid at pH 5.8, and retention of surface hydrophobicity were determined after freeze drying and during storage. The result showed that neither alginate nor alginate-mannitol formulation was effective in protecting B. animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 during freezing and freeze drying. The viability in alginate-mannitol and alginate formulations after freeze drying was 6.61 and 6.34 log CFU/g, respectively. Storage at low a(w) improved survival, acid tolerance, bile tolerance, and surface hydrophobicity retention of microencapsulated B. animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 when compared with controlled storage in an aluminum foil (with a(w) of 0.38 and 0.40 for alginate-mannitol and alginate formulations, respectively). Alginate mannitol was more effective than the alginate system during a short period of storage, but its effectiveness decreased during a long period of storage (80% survival at 10 wk). Nevertheless, storage of microencapsulated B. animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 in an aluminum foil without a(w) adjustment during 10 wk at room temperature was not effective (survival was 64% to 65%).
Local stressors to accommodate 1.2 to 5.6 GPa uniaxial tensile stress in suspended gate-all-around Si nanowire nMOSFETs by elastic local buckling (2011)

In this paper, we demonstrate the integration of local oxidation and metal-gate strain technologies to induce 3.3%/5.6 GPa uniaxial tensile strain/stress in 2 μm long suspended Si nanowire MOSFETs, the highest process-based stress record in MOSFETs until now, by elastic local buckling. Fig. 1 represents the fabrication process to make GAA uniaxially tensile strained Si nanowire MOSFETs from a 100 mm (100) Unibond SOI substrate with 1x10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> phosphorous channel doping. Highly doped accumulation-mode was chosen as the operation regime to mainly simplify the process in nanoscale. Dry oxidation of the Si nanowires with a tensile Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> hard mask on top at 925 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ο</sup> C helps to accumulate mechanical potential energy in the nanowires due to in-plane/out-of-plane elongation/bending restrictions during the oxidation process. This stored mechanical potential energy will be released in the form of mechanical buckling after stripping the hard mask, the grown oxide and the nanowire detachment from the BOX layer. The high-k/metal-gate stack step includes 5 nm ALD HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , RTA (600 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ο</sup> C, 15 mm) and finally, 50 nm TiN by sputtering at 25 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ο</sup> C including -2.0 GPa biaxial compressive intrinsic thin film stress. The thin film stress in the metal-gate layer can be engineered by sputtering power, thickness and deposition temperature. The metal-gate thin film with an intrinsic compressive stress tends to stretch, causing further elongation/buckling of the suspended Si nanowires. Gate pattern, S/D implantation, metallization and sintering are the further process steps.
Explaining the Unexplained: Neurologic Deterioration in Acute Ischemic Stroke (P6.244) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: To explain early neurologic deterioration. BACKGROUND: Unexplained early neurologic deterioration (ENDunexplained) has been described as occurring in 7[percnt] of cases of early neurologic deterioration (END) within 24 hours of IV-rtPA. We seek to explain END through retrospective chart and imaging review to discern the role of diagnostic tests in this scenario. DESIGN/METHODS: We reviewed consecutive patients with a clinical and MRI-based diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke receiving IV-rTPA ≤ 4.5 hours from symptom onset. END was defined as an increase in NIHSS 蠅4 within 24 hours. Systematic chart review identified factors that could account for END. ENDunexplained was defined as END without evidence suggested by serial imaging and without a concomitant diagnosis that could explain deterioration. END and non-END patients were compared for pretreatment independent variables: blood glucose, NIHSS, systolic blood pressure, TPA 3 hr vs 4.5 hr window, DWI volume and presence or absence of large artery occlusion. END and non-END patients were compared for post-treatment variables: presence or absence of malignant edema (ME) or symptomatic parenchymal hemorrhage. RESULTS: Among 127 patients, END was present in 19 patients (15[percnt]). Extension of ischemic infarction within an occluded vascular territory was the most common etiology followed by ME or ICH. ENDunexplained was not identified within the END group. Cases of END not confirmed by radiographic evaluation included: concomitant seizure activity, respiratory failure in context of sepsis, rapidly progressive heart failure and rapid deterioration in patients with known acute ICA or MCA occlusions without reperfusion. Significant associations were found between END and pretreatment DWI volume (p<0.001), post-treatment type-2 ICH (p<0.001) and malignant edema (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Explaining ENDunexplained is contingent upon appropriate use of diagnostic modalities such as MRI, EEG and other rigorous diagnostic testing in the ICU and subacute epoch. Study Supported by:Neurovascular Imaging Research Core; UCLA Stroke Center
The Hydrolysis of Carboxylic Acid Esters (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Chemical Mechanisms of Ester Hydrolysis Model Compounds and Xenobiotics Esters of Alcohols Esters of Enols Esters of Phenols Basic Esters Diesters Pharmacologically Active Esters Esters of Acetic Acid Esters That Incorporate Simple Alkyl Substituents Carbamates Esters That Incorporate Aminoalkyl Groups Soft Drugs Thioesters Introduction Model Compounds and Therapeutic Agents Lactones Peculiarities of Lactone Hydrolysis Lactones of Medicinal or Toxicological Interest Analogues of Lactones
Improving object-oriented design quality (2017)

Current software development trends have shortened release cycles and forced developers to implement short-term solutions that cannot cope with increasing product complexity. This phenomenon of introducing hasty design choices or applying bad design practices becomes something known as technical debt, in particular design debt. To pay off this debt, the literature offers approaches for identifying these design flaws; however, few methods for properly prioritizing investment efforts are available. In this paper, we propose an approach that supports the decision-making process regarding design improvements. It identifies violations of design best practices that are then arranged within a two-dimensional portfolio matrix. This matrix combines the importance of practices of design quality with actual achievement relative to a benchmark suite. To show the application of the approach in a quality-improvement process, we performed a feasibility study on three open-source projects and a benchmark suite containing 50 projects. This study clearly shows that the importance of the design best practices greatly impacts the improvement decisions and must be aligned with the strategic quality goals of the product.
Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery using Indocyanine Green and Relationship to Preoperative Radiological Imaging (2020)

Background: Endoscope integrated Indocyanine green (E-ICG) has been recently introduced to skull base surgery. Quantitative correlation between ICG fluorescence and T1-weighted gadolinium (T1WGd) that enhanced images for skull base tumors has never been assessed.
A DC Series Arc Fault Detection Method Using Line Current and Supply Voltage (2020)

In recent years, DC fault arc detection has been an electrical engineering research hotspot. At present, most proposed detection methods do not analyze the effects of fault arc electrical characteristics on both line current and supply voltage. Therefore, this study extensively analyzes variations of the line current and supply voltage because of DC arc faults based on the volt-ampere characteristics of DC arc faults. Then, a DC series arc fault detection method is proposed that comprehensively uses information on line current and supply voltage. An experimental platform for DC fault arc generation and detection was established using a DC-DC converter and a photovoltaic power supply as DC power supplies, and the proposed method was confirmed by experiments using this platform. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively distinguish arc faults and has the characteristics of clear physical meaning while maintaining a low amount of calculation.