gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FUTURE CHALLENGES IN CHEMICAL PULP (2006)

Resume Le blanchiment par le dioxyde de chlore est un procede eprouve, utilise partout dans le monde pour blanchir la pâte chimique. Cependant l’examen des performances du procede fait apparaitre que les deux tiers du reactif applique sont perdus dans des reactions secondaires sans effet sur le blanchiment. Ce probleme pose un defi aux chimistes du blanchiment et aux fournisseurs de technologie. Dans ce papier plusieurs approches ont ete etudiees dans le but de minimiser la perte en dioxyde de chlore. Il est egalement montre que l’ozone constitue aujourd’hui une alternative serieuse au dioxyde de chlore. Le remplacement de ce dernier par de l’ozone permet de rendre la delignification et le blanchiment plus efficaces. Des exemples l’illustrent et montrent de plus que l’application de l’ozone est un procede simple, suggerant que ce dernier pourrait etre l’agent de blanchiment du futur. Summary Chlorine dioxide bleaching is a well proven technology which is today universally used in the pulp industry. However a close examination of the performance of the process shows that about two thirds of the chlorine dioxide is wasted in useless side reactions. This fact represents one major challenge facing the lignin chemists and the equipment suppliers. Several process modifications are proposed to minimize this problem. Moreover ozone represents today a serious alternative to chlorine dioxide. For many reasons the replacement of some chlorine dioxide by ozone should be beneficial not only to the delignification rate but also to the brightness development. Some simple ways to introduce ozone in bleaching sequences are described. The interest of the results suggests that ozone could well be the bleaching chemical of the future.
Fluid and diffusion limits for queues in slowly changing environments (1997)

We consider an infinite-capacity s-server queue in a finite-state random environment, where the traffic intensity exceeds 1 in some environment states and the environment states change slowly relative to arrivals and service completions. Queues grow in unstable environment states, so that it is useful to look at the system in the time scale of mean environment-state sojourn times. As the mean environment-state sojourn times grow, the queue-length and workload processes grow. However, with appropriate normalizations, these processes converge to fluid processes and diffusion processes. The diffusion process in a random environment is a refinement of the fluid process in a random environment. We show how the scaling in these limits can help explain numerical results for queues in slowly changing random environments. For that purpose, we apply recently developed numerical-transform-inversion algorithms for the MAP/G/1 queue and the piecewise-stationary Mt/Gt/1 queue
Endogenous neural precursors influence grafted neural stem cells and contribute to neuroprotection in the parkinsonian rat (2012)

Neuroprotective and neurorescue effects after neural stem/precursor cell (NPC) transplantation have been reported, but the mechanisms underlying such phenomena are not well understood. Our recent findings in a rat Parkinson's disease (PD) model indicate that transplantation of NPCs before a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) insult can result in nigrostriatal protection which is associated with endogenous NPC proliferation, migration and neurogenesis. Here, we sought to determine whether the observed endogenous NPC response (i) contributes to transplanted NPC-mediated neuroprotection; and/or (ii) affects graft phenotype and function. Host Fischer 344 rats were administered the antimitotic agent cytosine-β-d-arabinofuranoside (Ara-C) to eliminate actively proliferating endogenous neural precursors before being transplanted with NPCs and treated with 6-OHDA to induce nigrostriatal degeneration. Behavioral and histological analyses demonstrate that the neuroprotective response observed in NPC transplanted animals which had not received Ara-C was significantly attenuated in animals which did receive pre-transplant Ara-C. Also, while grafts in Ara-C-treated animals showed no decrease in cell number, they exhibited significantly reduced expression of the neural stem cell regulators nestin and sonic hedgehog. In addition, inhibition of the endogenous NPC response resulted in an exaggerated host glial reaction. Overall, the study establishes for the first time that endogenous NPCs contribute to transplanted NPC-mediated therapeutic effects by affecting both grafted and mature host cells in unique ways. Thus, both endogenous and transplanted NPCs are important in creating an environment suitable for neural protection and rescue, and harnessing their synergistic interaction may lead to the optimization of cell-based therapies for PD.
Learning Joint Reconstruction of Hands and Manipulated Objects (2019)

Estimating hand-object manipulations is essential for in- terpreting and imitating human actions. Previous work has made significant progress towards reconstruction of hand poses and object shapes in isolation. Yet, reconstructing hands and objects during manipulation is a more challeng- ing task due to significant occlusions of both the hand and object. While presenting challenges, manipulations may also simplify the problem since the physics of contact re- stricts the space of valid hand-object configurations. For example, during manipulation, the hand and object should be in contact but not interpenetrate. In this work, we regu- larize the joint reconstruction of hands and objects with ma- nipulation constraints. We present an end-to-end learnable model that exploits a novel contact loss that favors phys- ically plausible hand-object constellations. Our approach improves grasp quality metrics over baselines, using RGB images as input. To train and evaluate the model, we also propose a new large-scale synthetic dataset, ObMan, with hand-object manipulations. We demonstrate the transfer- ability of ObMan-trained models to real data.
Interface formation and Schottky barrier height for Y, Nb, Au, and Pt on Ge as determined by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2023)

Development of a robust, thin, hole-blocking (n+) contact on high purity germanium (HPGe) has been the main challenge in the development of Ge-based radiation sensors. Yttrium has been reported to be a viable hole-blocking contact on HPGe, and detectors with low leakage have been fabricated. Niobium has also been considered as a potential hole-blocking contact due to its low work function. Here, we investigate interface chemistry and the Schottky barrier height of Y and Nb, as well as electron-blocking contacts Au and Pt, on Ge(100) surfaces using hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We find a barrier height of 1.05 ± 0.10 eV for Y/HPGe, confirming the formation of a hole-blocking barrier. For Nb/HPGe, the barrier height of 0.13 ± 0.10 eV demonstrates that the interface is not hole-blocking. The Schottky barrier of Au and Pt was found to be 0.45 ± 0.10 and 0.51 ± 0.10 eV, respectively.
Author response: Single-cell analysis reveals dynamics of human B cell differentiation and identifies novel B and antibody-secreting cell intermediates (2023)

Single-cell RNA sequencing provides a detailed understanding of the cues controlling in vitro differentiation of human B cells into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), uncovering a novel pre-ASC population present ex vivo in lymphoid tissues that progress through a germinal center-like state.
Light-chain binding sites on renal brush-border membranes (1990)

Immunoglobulin light chains are low-molecular-weight proteins filtered at the renal glomerulus and catabolized within the proximal tubular epithelium. Excessive production and urinary excretion of light chains are associated with renal dysfunction. They also interfere with proximal renal tubule epithelial functions in vitro. We studied the binding of 125I-labeled kappa- and lambda-light chains, obtained from the urine of multiple myeloma patients, to rat and human renal proximal tubular brush-border membranes. Light-chain binding to brush borders was also demonstrated immunologically by flow cytometry. Computer analysis of binding data was consistent with presence of a single class of low-affinity, high-capacity, non-cooperative binding sites with relative selectivity for light chains on both rat and human kidney brush-border membranes. The dissociation constants of light chains ranged from 1.6 X 10(-5) to 1.2 X 10(-4) M, and maximum binding capacity ranged from 4.7 +/- 1.3 X 10(-8) to 8.0 +/- 0.9 X 10(-8) (SD) mol/mg protein at 25 degrees C. Kappa- and lambda-light chains competed with each other for binding with comparable affinity constants. Competition by albumin and beta-lactoglobulin, however, was much weaker, suggesting relative site selectivity for light chains. These binding sites probably function as endocytotic receptors for light chains and possibly other low-molecular-weight proteins.
A Pharmacophore Map of Small Molecule Protein Kinase Inhibitors (2007)

Protein kinases have emerged as one of the major drug target classes that are amenable to the development of small molecule inhibitors. They share a conserved structural similarity in the region of the ATP binding site, where most inhibitors interact. Using a pharmacophore approach, we have explored the features of protein-ligand interactions for a set of 220 kinase crystal structures from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The resulting "pharmacophore map" shows the interactions made by all ligands with their receptors simultaneously. This gives insight that has been applied in the design of kinase screening sets and combinatorial libraries. An algorithm is described that scores small molecule structures for goodness of fit to the resulting binding site description obtained from the analysis. The algorithm identifies a pose that is close to the crystal structure pose for the majority of ligands, with only the 2D chemical structure as input and no knowledge of the crystal structure from which it was derived. Application of the algorithm to a test screening set gave a useful enrichment of active compounds.
Grid Architecture Storage — Utilising Grid Computing for Dynamic Data Storage (2005)

Grid architecture storage (GAS) is based on the concept that the grid computing architecture can be manipulated in order to facilitate data storage on the grid. This paper describes the software that has been developed to prove this concept. The software utilises volatile resources on distributed grid nodes - primarily random access memory - to store data dynamically by shifting the data from node to node without transferring the data to persistent storage. A suite of applications that exercise this theory has been developed using the Alchemi .NET grid computing framework, showing that the dynamic storage grid is a feasible grid computing application. Users are able to distribute files from their desktop computers across the Internet, benefiting from the unused resources that are available on computers all over the world.
High-yield aquaculture using low-cost feed and waste recycling methods (1989)

Abstract Conventional, low-yield aquaculture methods use earthen, standing water fish ponds that typically are stocked with 0.5 to 2 fish/m 2 and produce 3 to 10 tons of fish/ha/year using refined feeds. At higher fish stocking densities and fish yield, production of metabolites and residues exceeds such a pond's natural recycling capability, so that a higher rate of flushing is required. This wastes water and valuable nutrients and creates a potentially polluting effluent In an alternative system, by increasing the rate at which the metabolites and feed wastes are microbially processed within the culture system, production rates exceeding 500 tons of tilapia fish/ha/year have been attained with less than 0.5 percent water change daily. In preliminary experiments in this closed bioconversion system, we have replaced all formulated feeds with agricultural residues and fertilizers, which are converted into protein by intense microbial processing. The rate of fish growth indicated that much or possibly all the feed requirements of tilapia grown in this type of closed, densely stocked system can be satisfied by intense cultivation of heterotrophic microbes.
A 0.08&#x2013;3GHz high gain UWB LNA with improved flatness (2013)

An ultra-wide band (UWB) low noise amplifier (LNA) of bandwidth 0.08-3GHz, gain more than 28dB, flatness fluctuating in ± 1dB and noise-figure less than 2.3dB is designed and tested. This LNA utilizes the characteristic of reactance value changing with frequency, especially, adopts capacitance negative-feedback in source electrode to compensate the decrease of high frequency gain. Comparing with traditional inductance negative feedback between drain electrode and gate electrode, this adding capacitance feedback can improve gain-flatness obviously. Furthermore, a transmission line of λ/4 is used to achieve broadband match of input and output port, as a result, the voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) of input and output port don't exceed 2. Simulated and measured results are in good agreement.
System Operations Advisor: A Real-Time Decision Support System for Managing Airline Operations at United Airlines (1996)

Managing daily operations for United Airlines with its size and geographic scope of operations is complex and challenging. Because resources are tightly coupled, even minor perturbations could erode planned operations. United Airlines deploys the System Operations Advisor (SOA), a real-time decision support system at its operations control center (OCC) to increase the effectiveness of its operational decisions. We developed the SOA and implemented it in August 1992. It has been in operation since then. From October 1993 to March 1994, its application saved more than 27,000 minutes of potential delays, which translates to $540,000 savings in delay costs, and the number of flight delays charged to aircraft controllers in systems operations control has dropped by 50 percent since 1992.
The Effects of Antioxidant Vitamin Supplementation on Exercise-Induced Acute Phase Response of Cell Mediated Immunity (1999)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of antioxidant-vitamin supplementation on exercise-induced acute phase response of T lymphocyte and natural killer cell(NK cell). Eight healthy graduate students(M, 27.9±22 yr) participated in exercise sessions before and after 5 weeks` antioxidant-vitamins supplementation(VE-800 IU/d; VC-1000 mg/d). The exercise sessions included treadmill running at 110% AT level(high-intensity) until each subject reached to target exercise volume(301.3±20.5 Kcal). Venous blood samples were drawn at the forearm antecubital vein at rest, immediately after exercise, and 30m/90m recovery(15ml each). In this study, mitogen(PHA/ConA) stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation response(TPHA and TconA) and NK cell cytotoxic activity(NKCA) against target cell(K562) were measured to determine tire T lymphocyte and NK cell functions. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) After treatment, TPHA showed higher activities than control group among the test. Also the activity was restored faster than control group during recovery periods. 2) In TconA, there was significantly higher level in conditioning group than control group at 30min` recovery. 3) There were significant differences between before and after treatments in NKCA at immediately after exercise and recovery for 90m. 4) After treatment, there was significantly lower level of MDA than control group. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that antioxidant-vitamin supplementation seems to protect from acute phase immunosuppressive response, specially on T lymphocyte proliferation response and NK cell activity, presumably by reactive oxygen species from high-intensity exercise. Therefore, pre-existing antioxidant-vitamins as long as 5 wk treatment may protect immune system from various oxidative stress produced by strenuous exercise.
Measurement of the transmission magnetic circular dichroism of Ga1−x MnxAs epilayers using a built-in p-i-n photodiode (2014)

By constructing a GaMnAs epilayer/semi-insulating In0.2Ga0.8As/(001) n+-GaAs substrate layer structure as a built-in p-i-n photodiode, we developed a scheme for on-chip measurements of transmission magnetic circular dichroism (T-MCD). Both the hysteresis loops in the magnetic field sweeps and the wavelength scans at saturated magnetic fields measured using the new T-MCD scheme, illustrated the same features as those previously measured on the freestanding GaMnAs thin films by conventional T-MCD. Because a large group of epitaxially grown magnetic film/semiconductor heterostructures, such as Fe, NiFe, CoFeAl, and MnGa films on semiconductor substrates, are becoming important new building blocks for semiconductor-based spin field-effect transistor, perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (p-MTJ) and lateral MTJ devices, the new T-MCD scheme can be applied to tests of their magnetic properties by forming either p-i-n or Schottky photodiodes.
Effects of Polymerization Time towards Conductivity and Properties of Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Polyaniline (PMMA/PANi) Copolymer (2022)

The effects of various polymerization times on the properties and conductivity of poly(methyl methacrylate)/polyaniline (PMMA/PANi) copolymer has been investigated. Different polymerization times, such as 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h, have been employed during free radical copolymerization of PMMA/PANi copolymer. The properties of newly synthesized PMMA/PANi copolymer were discussed with the help of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. All copolymers showed electrical conductivity of a semi-conductor material, compared with PMMA itself. It was found that the reaction played a significant role, especially at optimum polymerization time, where PANi formation and conductivity was at its highest. Our present work demonstrates that copolymer film could be a promising material to fabricate polymer conducting film in many electronics applications.
Rotating Scan for Ion Implantation (1975)

With the development of 1–2 mA beam current ion sources, production implantation systems became limited by scanning techniques. In particular, high beam currents could not be used efficiently for low and moderate dose implants. To overcome this deficiency, a multiwafer rotating mechanical scan technique was developed. Combining the high speed advantage of low current electrical scan and the high current capability of mechanical scan, the rotating scan technique can achieve implantation times of less than 1 sec per 2 in. wafer at full beam current with better than 99% uniformity.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Lymphatic vascular defects promoted by Prox1 haploinsufficiency cause adult-onset obesity. (2006)

Multiple organs cooperate to regulate appetite, metabolism, and glucose and fatty acid homeostasis. Here, we identified and characterized lymphatic vasculature dysfunction as a cause of adult-onset obesity. We found that functional inactivation of a single allele of the homeobox gene Prox1 led to adult-onset obesity due to abnormal lymph leakage from mispatterned and ruptured lymphatic vessels. Prox1 heterozygous mice are a new model for adult-onset obesity and lymphatic vascular disease. PMID: 16170315
Restoration of out of Focus Barcode Images Using Wiener Filter (2009)

Barcode capturing using embedded camera in mobile phone is prone to producing images with out of focus blurring. Barcode decoding systems usually fail to decode barcodes from an image that is affected by image blurring. With macro function, users are able to capture sharp barcodes. Unfortunately, low end and mid range cameras usually do not have macro function which enables close range image capturing. To improve barcode recognition, we propose a technique to restore barcode images before the decoding process. First, we identify and calculate the point spread function (PSF) parameter and radius of the blur in Cepstrum domain. Then we restore the degraded image using Wiener filter. Experiments on both synthetic and real images show that our technique is adept in estimating the radius of the blur. The Wiener filter gives satisfactory result when it is used to restore blurred images with the acquired PSF from the preceding step.
Leiurotoxin I (scyllatoxin), a peptide ligand for Ca2(+)-activated K+ channels. Chemical synthesis, radiolabeling, and receptor characterization. (1990)

Leiurotoxin I (scyllatoxin) is a 31-amino acid polypeptide from the venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus which has been previously isolated and sequenced by others. This paper reports (i) the total synthesis of this scorpion neurotoxin as well as some aspects of its structure-function relationships; (ii) the synthesis of the analog [Tyr2]leiurotoxin I (scyllatoxin) that has been monoiodinated at high specific radioactivity (2000 Ci/mmol) and has served for the characterization of the properties of 125I-[Tyr2]leiurotoxin I binding sites (Kd = 80 pM, molecular mass of 27 and 57 kDa for two polypeptides in the leiurotoxin I binding protein); (iii) the similarity of physiological actions between leiurotoxin I and apamin. Both toxins contract Taenia coli previously relaxed with epinephrine, both toxins block the after-hyperpolarization due to Ca2(+)-activated K+ channel activity in muscle cells in culture; (iv) the probable identity of binding sites for apamin and leiurotoxin I. In spite of a different chemical structure apamin competitively inhibits 125I-[Tyr2] leiurotoxin I binding and vice versa. Moreover, the peculiar effects of K+ on 125I-[Tyr2]leiurotoxin I binding are identical to those previously observed for 125I-apamin binding.
Small and large signal modulation of 850 nm oxide-confined verticai-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2005)

We have previously demonstrated record modulation bandwidths for oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) based on strained InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells.1
Synthesis of Dihydrothiophenes by an Amino-Directed Thioisomünchnone−Alkene Cycloaddition Reaction (2001)

The affiliation of one of the authors (M. E. Light) has been erroneously assigned. His current address is: Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
Citoyenneté sociale et reconnaissance du « care » (2009)

Résumé L’objet de ce texte est double. Dans un premier temps, il s’agira de revenir de façon synthétique sur les aspects théoriques de la citoyenneté sociale en relation avec la reconnaissance du « care » et dans une perspective de genre. Nous en soulignerons les implications en termes de politiques sociales. Dans un second temps, nous verrons dans quels termes la question de la reconnaissance du « care » se pose en France et nous caractériserons l’évolution du régime français de citoyenneté sociale. Nous montrerons qu’il est traversé par des tensions entre familialisme et individualisme d’une part et par un déplacement des frontières dans le partage des obligations familiales entre l’État, la famille et le marché d’autre part. En matière de « care », l’évolution récente indique que des directions différentes, voire opposées, sont prises : une refamilialisation ou une défamilialisation de la prise en charge du « care » avec un rôle accru dévolu au marché, même si ce dernier reste encadré.