gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quindolinocryptotackieine: the elucidation of a novel indoloquinoline alkaloid structure through the use of computer‐assisted structure elucidation and 2D NMR (2003)

Abstract Numerous indoloquinoline alkaloid structures have been identified from extracts of the West African plant Cryptolepis sanguinolenta . Recently, through the use of 2D NMR methods and cryogenic NMR probe technology in conjunction with computer‐assisted structure elucidation (CASE) methods, the structures of some chemical degradation products of this family of alkaloids have also been reported. We now report the characterization of a novel indoloquinoline dimeric alkaloid, quindolinocryptotackieine, through the extensive utilization of CASE methods. The NMR data presented here were collected over a decade earlier before the elucidation of the structure was possible, since manual analysis did not present a conclusive structure, whereas CASE produced a series of structures from which the structure could be verified. The original mass spectrometric (MS) data collected for the sample were problematic. Contemporary MS data were instead recollected from remaining small quantities of this alkaloid using modern instrumentation. The re‐collected data gave a usable molecular ion and several key fragment ions that were diagnostically useful. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Structure of 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione [D-,D-(L-,L-)lactide] (1982)

BIS[(1-PHENYL-1-CYCLOPROPYL)CARBONYL] PEROXIDE 1679 such a conformation unfavourable. The observed conformation is 21 o from the perpendicular geometry. It appears, therefore, that the observed geometry is a consequence of a balance between two opposing constraints: (i) maximization of orbital overlap between the n system of the phenyl group and the cyclopropyl orbitals, and (ii) the unfavourable interaction between H(52) and H(81).
Holotoxin A1 Induces Apoptosis by Activating Acid Sphingomyelinase and Neutral Sphingomyelinase in K562 and Human Primary Leukemia Cells (2018)

Marine triterpene glycosides are attractive candidates for the development of anticancer agents. Holotoxin A₁ is a triterpene glycoside found in the edible sea cucumber, <i>Apostichopus (Stichopus) japonicus.</i> We previously showed that cladoloside C₂, the 25(26)-dihydro derivative of holotoxin A₁ induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells by activating ceramide synthase 6. Thus, we hypothesized that holotoxin A₁, which is structurally similar to cladoloside C₂, might induce apoptosis in human leukemia cells through the same molecular mechanism. In this paper, we compared holotoxin A₁ and cladoloside C₂ for killing potency and mechanism of action. We found that holotoxin A₁ induced apoptosis more potently than cladoloside C₂. Moreover, holotoxin A₁-induced apoptosis in K562 cells by activating caspase-8 and caspase-3, but not by activating caspase-9. During holotoxin A₁-induced apoptosis, acid sphingomyelinase (SMase) and neutral SMase were activated in both K562 cells and human primary leukemia cells. Specifically inhibiting acid SMase and neutral SMаse with chemical inhibitors or siRNAs significantly inhibited holotoxin A₁-induced apoptosis. These results indicated that holotoxin A₁ might induce apoptosis by activating acid SMase and neutral SMase. In conclusion, holotoxin A₁ represents a potential anticancer agent for treating leukemia. Moreover, the aglycone structure of marine triterpene glycosides might affect the mechanism involved in inducing apoptosis.
Accelerated cellular senescence in a model of multiple sclerosis (S50.004) (2017)

To test the hypothesis that chronic demyelination is associated with accelerated cellular senescence.
Precision surgery for older cancer patients (2017)

The times we are living in will be remembered by healthcare providers for the significant 'contradictions' in the medical and surgical care of elderly cancer patients. On one hand it has been documented how anagraphical age per se does not contraindicate surgical management at any time in life; on the other hand the vast majority of senior cancer patients are routinely undertreated as a consequence of unproven assumptions.
Preventing work disability among employees with rheumatoid arthritis: What medical professionals can learn from the patients' perspective (2005)

Factors that enable continued employment lie at different levels, including the psychosocial, practical, organizational, and social policy levels. Health professionals appear to underestimate factors that are important from the patient's perspective, especially support from employers. In discussing work with patients, health professionals need to address themes that are important from the patient's perspective.
Multilayer ultrasound imaging arrays showing improved thermal performance (2006)

This work describes test results for ultrasound arrays designed to have improved acoustic power delivery capability without sacrificing imaging performance. Three layer ceramic stacks of PZT4 and PZT8 were characterized to determine their electromechanical properties as array elements. An array made with a PZT4 3-layer stack showed a round trip sensitivity 3.8 dB higher than a control array made with a single layer of PZT5-H. The -6 dB bandwidth was 60% for the PZT4 3-layer array, compared with 66% for the control. Power tests were performed by driving arrays in pulsed Doppler mode while radiating into air and observing the temperature increase on the face of the array. The arrays tested were identical except for the PZT material, the control having a single layer of PZT5-H and the other having a 3-layer stack of PZT8. The PZT8 array showed substantially reduced internal heating. eywords - multilayer PZT, low loss PZT, high power imaging arrays.
SCN-resistant soybean varieties: Not all are created equal (2007)

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) continues to be a serious threat to soybean production in Iowa. SCN reproduces quickly and prolifically and can survive in the soil for many years. SCN not only causes direct damage, but it also makes some other soybean diseases, like brown stem rot and soybean sudden death syndrome, worse. SCN-resistant soybean varieties are an important SCN management tool. There are hundreds of resistant varieties available for Iowa growers. The Iowa State University SCN-resistant Soybean Variety Trial Program evaluates many of these varieties for agronomic performance and for nematode control at numerous locations throughout Iowa each year. The results of the 2006 evaluations were released recently.
The Efficacy of External Ultrasound-Assisted Liposuction: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2000)

When the placebo effect is eliminated, there is no advantage to the application of external ultrasound prior to liposuction.
Sample sizes of studies on diagnostic accuracy: literature survey (2006)

Few studies on diagnostic accuracy report considerations of sample size. The number of participants in most studies on diagnostic accuracy is probably too small to analyse variability of measures of accuracy across patient subgroups.
Retrieval of atmospheric properties for habitable planets (2013)

An increasing number of potentially habitable terrestrial planets are found. The search for atmospheric signatures of planetary habitability and life might be possible in the future. We want to quantify the accuracy of retrieved atmospheric parameters obtained from infrared emission spectroscopy. We use synthetic observations of hypothetical habitable planets together with chi2 statistics and least-square fits. When adopting the design of currently planned or proposed exoplanet characterization missions, we find that emission spectroscopy could provide weak limits on surface conditions of terrestrial planets. However, these mission designs are unlikely to allow to characterize the composition of the atmosphere of a habitable planet. Upon increasing the signal-to-noise ratios by about a factor of 2-5 compared to current mission designs, the CO2 content could be characterized to within two orders of magnitude. The detection of the O3 biosignature remains marginal. The atmospheric temperature structure could not be constrained. A full atmospheric characterization seems to be beyond the capabilities of currently planned missions when using only emission spectroscopy.
Identification of the Cellular Prohibitin 1/Prohibitin 2 Heterodimer as an Interaction Partner of the C-Terminal Cytoplasmic Domain of the HIV-1 Glycoprotein (2009)

Our studies aim to elucidate the functions carried out by the very long, and in its length highly conserved, C-terminal cytoplasmic domain (Env-CT) of the HIV-1 glycoprotein. Mass spectrometric analysis of cellular proteins bound to a tagged version of the HIV Env-CT led to the identification of the prohibitin 1 and 2 proteins (Phb1 and Phb2). These ubiquitously expressed proteins, which exist as stable heterodimers, have been shown to have multiple functions within cells and to localize to multiple cellular and extracellular compartments. The specificity of binding of the Phb1/Phb2 complex to the Env-CT was confirmed in various manners, including coimmunoprecipitation with authentic provirally encoded, full-length Env. Strong binding was dependent on Env residues 790 to 800 and could be severely inhibited by the double mutation L799R/L800Q but not by mutation of these amino acids individually. Analysis of the respective mutant virions revealed that their different abilities to bind Phb1/Phb2 correlated with their replicative properties. Thus, mutated virions with single mutations [HIV-Env-(L799R) and HIV-Env-(L800Q)] replicated similarly to wild-type HIV, but HIV-Env-(L799R/L800Q) virions, which cannot bind Phb1/Phb2, exhibited a cell-dependent replicative phenotype similar to that of HIV-Env-Tr712, lacking the entire Env-CT domain. Thus, replicative spread was achieved, although somewhat delayed, in "permissive" MT-4 cells but failed to occur in "nonpermissive" H9 T cells. These results point to binding of the Phb1/Phb2 complex to the Env-CT as being of importance for replicative spread in nonpermissive cells, possibly by modulating critical Phb-dependent cellular process(es).
Analysis of the thymic microenvironment by monoclonal antibodies with special reference to thymic nurse cells. (1986)

Two hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against stromal tissues of mouse thymus were produced using the spleen cells of BALB/C mice immunized with newborn thymic homogenate of C57BL/6 mice emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. The monoclonal antibody Th-3 reacted with stromal cells in the thymic cortex and the monoclonal antibody Th-4 reacted with stromal cells in the thymic medulla. The stromal cells revealed by Th-3 showed a meshwork structure in the cortex, and formed a monolayered border at the cortical surface and around the vasculature. Each mesh of this structure was connected to each other, forming a complex labyrinth and being open toward the medullary area. Neither lymphoid cells nor any cells in any other organs were reacted with this Th-3 antibody. However, the reactivity of Th-3 with the thymic cortical stromal cells was observed not only in C57BL/6 mice which had been used as source of antigen, but also in other strains of mice such as C3H and BALB/C. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that Th-3 monoclonal antibody was reactive with some component, diffusely present in the cytoplasm of cortical epithelial cells. The pattern of Th-3 positive meshwork in the thymic cortex was quite similar to that stained by either anti-IA or anti-IE antibody, but the Th-3 positive reaction was not inhibited by these anti-IA and anti-IE antibodies. Thymic nurse cells prepared by the method of Wekerle were positive for Th-3 antibody. On the contrary, Th-4 reacted only with epithelial cells in the thymic medulla. It was suggested that Th-3 monoclonal antibody detected some antigen specific to so called thymic nurse cells.
Estimation of the Attractiveness of Food Photography Based on Image Features (2019)

We introduce a method to estimate the attractiveness of a food photo. It extracts image features focusing on the appearances of 1) the entire food, and 2) the main ingredients. To estimate the attractiveness of an arbitrary food photo, these features are integrated in a regression scheme. We also constructed and released a food image dataset composed of images of ten food categories taken from 36 angles and accompanied with attractiveness values. Evaluation results showed the effectiveness of integrating the two kinds of image features.
Decision support for cooperative QoS management (2002)

Cooperative QoS management is a new quality-of-service management scheme which is based on QoS agents distributed within a system and cooperating with each other to provide the QoS negotiated with users, thereby ameliorating the overall system's resource usage and decreasing the communication costs. During their operations, agents have to take decisions in order to react on QoS violations, initiate QoS renegotiation processes or react on renegotiation requests from other QoS agents. In this paper, we present two tools which support cooperating QoS agents in their decision processes: a model called the "quality of operation", based on a mathematical formula, and an approach based on a new variant of stochastic Petri nets, the so-called controlled stochastic Petri nets.
Research and development: Know-why, know-how, know-good (2019)

The greater that research and development (R and D) addresses the problems of development in a determinate way, the greater will be the dissemination of technical and subsequent scientific inquiry into the deep layers of the society which promotes it. The expected result is the raising of the critical level of scientific awareness and response to the point where cultural strength emerges and is reflected in the technology produced. Any effort at R and D must take into account the attendant effort at developing measurement standards, leading to full-scale metrology and international recognition. The work of International Standards Organization and of regional standards organizations should be incorporated at a very early stage of planning national R and D programs. An analysis of the R and D situation in most countries where the provisions to carry it out have been well phrased, shows that there is little or no functional access to the resources claimed to have been made available.
Effect of air entrainment on airway pressure during endotracheal gas injection (1989)

Turbulent jets in endotracheal tubes induce air entrainment and airway pressure changes. We attempted to understand the physical explanation for these effects, which open up to a wide range of applications in intubated patients. An in vitro study was performed on standard size endotracheal tubes with diameters of 8, 7, and 3 mm and several capillaries molded into the wall (less than 1 mm diam) allowing gas injection at approximately 1-2 cm from the tracheal end of the endotracheal tube. This produced a jet velocity-dependent gain in tracheal pressure (Ptr) during inspiration. Data have been interpreted with a theory, based on the classic momentum theorem, which indicates that the mechanisms involved resemble those of axisymmetrical confined jets: air entrainment by turbulent friction with a longitudinal increase in lateral pressure. The difference with axisymmetrical systems lies in the nonconservation of the total thrust in our system because, secondary to wall friction and to the nonaxial incidence of the jets, only a fraction of the jet momentum flux is transformed into pressure. This suggests faster mixing in the present lateral jet system, as shown by 1) the independence of Ptr on tracheal geometry and 2) the very rapid increase in lateral pressure. The present study supports the idea that pressure changes in the airways, which are potentially beneficial in intubated patients, can be satisfactorily generated by turbulent jets.
The use of microarrays to define functionally-related genes that are differentially expressed in the cycling pig uterus (2019)

In swine and other livestock, the uterine endometrium exhibits dramatic morphological and secretory changes throughout the oestrous cycle and during pregnancy. Such physiological changes are a reflection of extremely complex interactions between gene products (RNA and protein). The recent development of genomics and proteomics methods, as well as associated bioinformatics tools, has provided the means to begin characterising such interactions. Indeed, the analysis of the transcriptome and proteome of cells and tissues now comprises a new field of study known as 'systems biology'. Currently, the most powerful technique available to the systems biologist is the microarray. These platforms represent oligonucleotide or cDNA fragments spotted in a specified high-density pattern on a solid support. Hybridisation of fluorescently-tagged cDNAs from different tissue sources permits the measurement of thousands of RNAs in parallel. The method permits the identification of genes that are present at different amounts between the two tissues and, more importantly, it permits the identification of groups of genes (clusters) that are expressed in comparable patterns. Results from a recent expression profiling experiment are described. The goal of the profiling experiment was to define genes that are differentially expressed in endometrium during the oestrous cycle. The experiment used an in-house cDNA microarray with >14,000 distinct cDNAs cloned from reproductive tissues. Total RNAs from cyclic endometrium (Days 0, 3, 6, 10, 12, 14 and 18 post-oestrus) were reverse transcribed into cDNAs, labelled with fluorescent dye and hybridised to the arrays along with cDNAs derived from a reference RNA pool. A total of 4,827 genes were found to differ significantly at some time during the oestrous cycle. Clustering methods were able to define numerous groups of similarly expressed genes. These data will help to define the complex patterns of endometrial genes acting in concert to create the environments required for fertilisation, embryo growth and conceptus development in swine.
Increased expression of Met protein is associated with up‐regulation of hypoxia inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) in tumour cells in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid (2004)

Met protein, the high affinity receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), was highly expressed by the tumour cells of 64 well-differentiated papillary carcinomas of the thyroid. The p145 mature form and the p170 precursor form of the protein were both isolated from the tumours. Enhanced expression of Met protein was associated with a 9.5 +/- 5-fold increase in MET RNA transcript levels, suggesting increased transcription of the gene. In the same tumours, the levels of RNA transcripts for hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a potent stimulator of met gene transcription, were 4.5 +/- 3-fold higher than those present in the surrounding normal thyroid tissues. HIF-1 is generally induced by hypoxia. Histological features suggestive of a hypoxia were observed in 37 of 50 tumours and included coagulative necrosis, psammoma bodies, cystic changes, intratumoural haemorrhage, and hyalinization of the fibrous stroma. Immunostaining for Met protein was particularly intense in some cells located at the tumour periphery which were characterized by an invasive phenotype. Microdissection of tumour cell nests from the invading front revealed that the levels of RNA transcripts for MET/HIF were higher than in the centre of the tumour in four of nine cases. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that HIF-1, perhaps driven by hypoxia, may be one of the factors leading to the increased transcription of met gene in papillary carcinoma and that this event is often more pronounced at the tumour periphery.
Subnuclear Trafficking of Glucocorticoid Receptors In Vitro: Chromatin Recycling and Nuclear Export (1997)

We have used digitonin-permeabilized cells to examine in vitro nuclear export of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). In situ biochemical extractions in this system revealed a distinct subnuclear compartment, which collects GRs that have been released from chromatin and serves as a nuclear export staging area. Unliganded nuclear GRs within this compartment are not restricted in their subnuclear trafficking as they have the capacity to recycle to chromatin upon rebinding hormone. Thus, GRs that release from chromatin do not require transit through the cytoplasm to regain functionality. In addition, chromatin-released receptors export from nuclei of permeabilized cells in an ATP- and cytosol-independent process that is stimulated by sodium molybdate, other group VI-A transition metal oxyanions, and some tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors. The stimulation of in vitro nuclear export by these compounds is not unique to GR, but is restricted to other proteins such as the 70- and 90-kD heat shock proteins, hsp70 and hsp90, respectively, and heterogeneous nuclear RNP (hnRNP) A1. Under analogous conditions, the 56-kD heat shock protein, hsp56, and hnRNP C do not export from nuclei of permeabilized cells. If tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and tyrphostin AG126 are included to prevent increased tyrosine phosphorylation, in vitro nuclear export of GR is inhibited. Thus, our results are consistent with the involvement of a phosphotyrosine system in the general regulation of nuclear protein export, even for proteins such as GR and hnRNP A1 that use distinct nuclear export pathways.
Detection and characterization of ponatinib reactive metabolites by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and elucidation of bioactivation pathways (2016)

This study involved the identification and characterization of ponatinib by LC-MS/MS. Additionally ponatinib reactive metabolites were also investigated using KCN as a trapping agent, showing the formation of four reactive cyano adducts.
Rotation and heat convection effects on double-diffusive peristaltic MHD Sisko nanofluid flow through a porous medium in presence of non-linear thermal radiation, heat generation/absorption, and Joule heating (2022)

Abstract This article includes a numerical study of the double-diffusive peristaltic flow of a non-Newtonian Sisko nanofluid through a porous medium inside a horizontal symmetric flexible channel under the influence of Joule heating, nonlinear thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and heat generation/absorption in presence of heat and mass convection, considering effects of the Brownian motion and the thermophoresis coefficients. On the other side, the long wave approximation was used to transform the nonlinear system of partial differential equations into the nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations which were later solved numerically using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique using MATLAB program code. The effects of all physical parameters resulting from this study on the distributions of velocity, temperature, solutal concentration, and nanoparticles volume fraction inside the fluid were studied in addition to, a study of the pressure gradients using the 2D and 3D graphs that were made by the MATLAB program in addition to, studying the impact of some parameters on the behavior of the streamlines graphically within the channel with a mention of their physical meaning. Finally, some of the results of this study showed that the effect of Darcy number 𝐷𝑎 and the magnetic field parameter 𝑀 is opposite to the effect of the rotation parameter 𝛺 on the velocity distribution whereas, the two parameters non-linear thermal radiation𝑅and the ratio temperature 𝜃𝑤works on a decrease in the temperature distribution and an increase in both the solutal concentration distribution and the nanoparticle's volume fraction. On the other hand, the effect of the rotation parameter 𝛺 on the distribution of pressure gradients was positive, and the effect of both Darcy number 𝐷𝑎 and the magnetic field parameter 𝑀on the same distribution was negative.