gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlations between ventricular enlargement and gray and white matter volumes of cortex, thalamus, striatum, and internal capsule in schizophrenia (2011)

Ventricular enlargement is one of the most consistent abnormal structural brain findings in schizophrenia and has been used to infer brain shrinkage. However, whether ventricular enlargement is related to local overlying cortex and/or adjacent subcortical structures or whether it is related to brain volume change globally has not been assessed. We systematically assessed interrelations of ventricular volumes with gray and white matter volumes of 40 Brodmann areas (BAs), the thalamus and its medial dorsal nucleus and pulvinar, the internal capsule, caudate and putamen. We acquired structural MRI ( patients with schizophrenia (n = 64) and healthy controls (n = 56)) and diffusion tensor fractional anisotropy (FA) (untreated schizophrenia n = 19, controls n = 32). Volumes were assessed by manual tracing of central structures and a semi-automated parcellation of BAs. Patients with schizophrenia had increased ventricular size associated with decreased cortical gray matter volumes widely across the brain; a similar but less pronounced pattern was seen in normal controls; local correlations (e.g. temporal horn with temporal lobe volume) were not appreciably higher than non-local correlations (e.g. temporal horn with prefrontal volume). White matter regions adjacent to the ventricles similarly did not reveal strong regional relationships. FA and center of mass of the anterior limb of the internal capsule also appeared differentially influenced by ventricular volume but findings were similarly not regional. Taken together, these findings indicate that ventricular enlargement is globally interrelated with gray matter volume diminution but not directly correlated with volume loss in the immediately adjacent caudate, putamen, or internal capsule.
Diasterane (Tricyclo[3.1.1.12,4]octane) (1987)

The title compound 2, the simplest asterane, has finally been synthesized in a multistep reaction. The starting material was the readily accessible hydrocarbon 1, which was subjected to two successive ring contractions, each requiring a nine-step reaction sequence.
Self-excited induction machine as a small low-cost generator (1984)

The paper examines the use of self-excited induction machines as low-cost stand-alone generators, including the problem of guaranteeing excitation, should remanent magnetism be lost. The behaviour of the generator under balanced and unbalanced conditions is analysed and the results used to evaluate the static VAR sources available to control the machine excitation. Experimental results for two static VAR sources and a variety of operating schemes are presented
Structure of the aluminate ion in solutions at high pH (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of the aluminate ion in solutions at high pHRobert J. Moolenaar, John Cyril Evans, and L. D. McKeeverCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1970, 74, 20, 3629–3636Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100714a014https://doi.org/10.1021/j100714a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1038Altmetric-Citations188LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Cell-free synthesis of polyoma virus capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 (1977)

Polyadenylated RNA isolated from the cytoplasm of mouse 3T6 cells 28 h after infection with polyoma virus has been isolated and translated in vitro. Polyoma capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 have been identified in the cell-free product by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, specific immunoprecipitation, and tryptic peptide fingerprinting. Polyoma mRNA species have been isolated by preparative hybridization to purified viral DNA immobilized on cellulose nitrate filters and shown to code for both VP1 and VP2. These experiments establish conditions for the isolation of late polyoma mRNA and the cell-free synthesis of polyoma capsid proteins and indicate that the active mRNA species are at least partially virus coded.
Identification of a novel missense variant in SPDL1 associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2020)

Abstract Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disorder characterised by progressive, destructive lung scarring. Despite significant progress, the genetic determinants of this disease remain incompletely defined. Using next generation sequencing data from 752 individuals with sporadic IPF and 119,055 controls, we performed both variant- and gene-level analyses to identify novel IPF genetic risk factors. Our variant-level analysis revealed a novel rare missense variant in SPDL1 (NM_017785.5 p.Arg20Gln; p = 2.4 × 10 −7 , odds ratio = 2.87). This signal was independently replicated in the FinnGen cohort (combined p = 2.2 × 10 −20 ), firmly associating this variant as a novel IPF risk allele. SPDL1 encodes Spindly, a protein involved in mitotic checkpoint signalling during cell division that has not been previously described in fibrosis. Our results highlight a novel mechanism underlying IPF, providing the potential for new therapeutic discoveries in a disease of great unmet need.
Blood clotting factor IX BM Nagoya (1989)

Factor IX BM Nagoya (IX Nagoya) is a natural mutant of factor IX responsible for severe hemophilia B. A patient with this mutant is characterized by a markedly prolonged ox brain prothrombin time. IX Nagoya was purified from the patient's plasma by immunoaffinity chromatography with an anti-factor IX monoclonal antibody column. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that treatment of IX Nagoya with factor XIa/Ca2+ resulted in cleavage only at the Arg145-Ala146 bond. Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography of a trypsin digest of IX Nagoya showed an aberrant peptide, which was further digested with proteinase Asp-N. Primary structure analysis of one of the Asp-N peptides revealed that Arg180 is replaced by Trp. An essentially complete (99%) amino acid sequence of IX Nagoya was obtained by sequencing fragments derived from a lysyl endopeptidase digest in which no other substitutions in the catalytic triad or substrate binding site were found. We also found that IX Nagoya is activated by alpha-chymotrypsin or rat mast cell chymase by monitoring the rate of factor X activation using a fluorogenic peptide substrate in the presence of factor VIII, phospholipids, and Ca2+. These results indicate that the substitution of Arg180 by Trp impairs the cleavage by factor XIa required for activation of this zymogen and that the substitution causes hemophilia BM.
Cognitive relay selection with incomplete channel state information of interference links (2017)

The availability of channel state information (CSI) about the interference links from the secondary transmitters to the primary receivers is widely assumed in the literature on underlay cognitive radio (CR) in order to control the interference caused to the primary network. However, when multiple primary receivers are present, acquiring such CSI about all the interference links in a timely and scalable manner is practically challenging. We study an underlay cooperative relay system, in which the channel gains of only a subset of the interference links are available at the source and relays. Based on such incomplete CSI, the source and relays back-off their transmit powers in order to satisfy an interference outage constraint. We derive a tight upper bound on the outage probability of the secondary system for the rate-optimal relay selection rule. Our numerical results show the effect of incomplete CSI on the secondary system performance and how its impact can be ameliorated.
Magnetization Vector Inversion Equations and Forword and Inversed 2‐D Model Study (2004)

Abstract We derive magnetization vector tomography imaging equations and compare them with the magnetization scalar tomography imaging equation. The derived equations are applicable to 3‐D and 2‐D magnetization vector inversion problems, vertical component magnetic field data and total intensity of magnetic field data. In the inversion process, an improved Gauss‐Sadel iterative method with a weight coefficient determined by magnetic prism's buried depth is introduced. 2‐D model forward and inversed studies show that when the model consists of two layers, each has 51 prisms, the inversed vertical and horizontal magnetization components with the zero magnetization initial model are consistent well with the model parameters, except the edge effect near the boundary. When the model consists of five layers, and each has 51 prisms, the inversed vertical and horizontal magnetization components can be obtained with a homogeneous initial magnetization model instead of zero initial magnetization one, and the boundary effect also exists. Up to now, we cannot get much more details of fine magnetization structures from the inversion results. This aim will be reached by further work in the future.
Energy Technologies Evaluated against Climate Targets Using a Cost and Carbon Trade-off Curve (2013)

Over the next few decades, severe cuts in emissions from energy will be required to meet global climate-change mitigation goals. These emission reductions imply a major shift toward low-carbon energy technologies, and the economic cost and technical feasibility of mitigation are therefore highly dependent upon the future performance of energy technologies. However, existing models do not readily translate into quantitative targets against which we can judge the dynamic performance of technologies. Here, we present a simple, new model for evaluating energy-supply technologies and their improvement trajectories against climate-change mitigation goals. We define a target for technology performance in terms of the carbon intensity of energy, consistent with emission reduction goals, and show how the target depends upon energy demand levels. Because the cost of energy determines the level of adoption, we then compare supply technologies to one another and to this target based on their position on a cost and carbon trade-off curve and how the position changes over time. Applying the model to U.S. electricity, we show that the target for carbon intensity will approach zero by midcentury for commonly cited emission reduction goals, even under a high demand-side efficiency scenario. For Chinese electricity, the carbon intensity target is relaxed and less certain because of lesser emission reductions and greater variability in energy demand projections. Examining a century-long database on changes in the cost-carbon space, we find that the magnitude of changes in cost and carbon intensity that are required to meet future performance targets is not unprecedented, providing some evidence that these targets are within engineering reach. The cost and carbon trade-off curve can be used to evaluate the dynamic performance of existing and new technologies against climate-change mitigation goals.
Biologically targeted probes for Zn2+: a diversity oriented modular “click-SNAr-click” approach (2014)

We describe a one-pot strategy for the high yielding, operationally simple synthesis of fluorescent probes for Zn<sup>2+</sup> that bear biological targeting groups and exemplify the utility of our method through the preparation of a small library of sensors. Investigation of the fluorescence behaviour of our library revealed that although all behaved as expected in MeCN, under biologically relevant conditions in HEPES buffer, a plasma membrane targeting sensor displayed a dramatic switch on response to excess Zn<sup>2+</sup> as a result of aggregation phenomena. Excitingly, <i>in cellulo</i> studies in mouse pancreatic islets demonstrated that this readily available sensor was indeed localised to the exterior of the plasma membrane and clearly responded to the Zn<sup>2+</sup> co-released when the pancreatic beta cells were stimulated to release insulin. Conversely, sensors that target intracellular compartments were unaffected. These results demonstrate that this sensor has the potential to allow the real time study of insulin release from living cells and exemplifies the utility of our simple synthetic approach.
Stochastic Feedforward Control Technique (1990)

Class of commanded trajectories modeled as stochastic process. Advanced Transport Operating Systems (ATOPS) research and development program conducted by NASA Langley Research Center aimed at developing capabilities for increases in capacities of airports, safe and accurate flight in adverse weather conditions including shear, winds, avoidance of wake vortexes, and reduced consumption of fuel. Advances in techniques for design of modern controls and increased capabilities of digital flight computers coupled with accurate guidance information from Microwave Landing System (MLS). Stochastic feedforward control technique developed within context of ATOPS program.
Reconstruction of Anorganic Mammalian Bone by Surface-Initiated Polymerization ofL-Lactide (2008)

Polymerization of L-lactide within the pores of anorganic mammalian bone is described. No additional solvent or catalyst is used. The resulting composites exhibit macroscopic morphologies and mechanical properties similar to that of the original bone. We observe an average compressive strength of 194 MPa and an elastic modulus of 8.8 GPa for composites comprised of poly-L-lactide and anorganic bone derived from bovine femurs. Modeling of the reaction kinetics with synthetic sources of crystalline hydroxyapatite powder suggests that polymerization proceeds via a surface-initiated mechanism that is first order in surface area of hydroxyapatite and first order in mole fraction of L-lactide.
Comparison of Single-Trait and Multi-Trait Genome-Wide Association Models and Inclusion of Correlated Traits in the Dissection of the Genetic Architecture of a Complex Trait in a Breeding Program (2022)

Unknown genetic architecture makes it difficult to characterize the genetic basis of traits and associated molecular markers because of the complexity of small effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs), environmental effects, and difficulty in phenotyping. Seedling emergence of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) from deep planting, has a poorly understood genetic architecture, is a vital factor affecting stand establishment and grain yield, and is historically correlated with coleoptile length. This study aimed to dissect the genetic architecture of seedling emergence while accounting for correlated traits using one multi-trait genome-wide association study (MT-GWAS) model and three single-trait GWAS (ST-GWAS) models. The ST-GWAS models included one single-locus model [mixed-linear model (MLM)] and two multi-locus models [fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) and Bayesian information and linkage-disequilibrium iteratively nested keyway (BLINK)]. We conducted GWAS using two populations. The first population consisted of 473 varieties from a diverse association mapping panel phenotyped from 2015 to 2019. The second population consisted of 279 breeding lines phenotyped in 2015 in Lind, WA, with 40,368 markers. We also compared the inclusion of coleoptile length and markers associated with reduced height as covariates in our ST-GWAS models. ST-GWAS found 107 significant markers across 19 chromosomes, while MT-GWAS found 82 significant markers across 14 chromosomes. The FarmCPU and BLINK models, including covariates, were able to identify many small effect markers while identifying large effect markers on chromosome 5A. By using multi-locus model breeding, programs can uncover the complex nature of traits to help identify candidate genes and the underlying architecture of a trait, such as seedling emergence.
Inpatient Rehabilitation Delirium Screening: Impact on Acute Care Transfers and Functional Outcomes (2019)

This study finds that delirium on admission to an IRF is associated with worsened outcomes related to function, length of stay, discharge status, and transfer to acute care hospitals. Positive delirium screening is an independent predictor for transfer to acute care hospitals from an IRF. Early identification of delirium is recommended in order to mitigate preventable transfers.
Sea Ice Remote Sensing—Recent Developments in Methods and Climate Data Sets (2023)

Abstract Sea ice monitoring by polar orbiting satellites has been developed over more than four decades and is today one of the most well-established applications of space observations. This article gives an overview of data product development from the first sensors to the state-of-the-art regarding retrieval methods, new products and operational data sets serving climate monitoring as well as daily operational services including ice charting and forecasting. Passive microwave data has the longest history and represents the backbone of global ice monitoring with already more than four decades of consistent observations of ice concentration and extent. Time series of passive microwave data is the primary climate data set to document the sea ice decline in the Arctic. Scatterometer data is a valuable supplement to the passive microwave data, in particular to retrieve ice displacement and distinguish between firstyear and multiyear ice. Radar and laser altimeter data has become the main method to estimate sea ice thickness and thereby fill a gap in the observation of sea ice as an essential climate variable. Data on ice thickness allows estimation of ice volume and masses as well as improvement of the ice forecasts. The use of different altimetric frequencies also makes it possible to measure the depth of the snow covering the ice. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has become the work horse in operational ice observation on regional scale because high-resolution radar images are delivered year-round in nearly all regions where national ice services produce ice charts. Synthetic Aperture Radar data are also important for sea ice research because the data can be used to observe a number of sea ice processes and phenomena, like ice type development and sea ice dynamics, and thereby contribute to new knowledge about sea ice. The use of sea ice data products in modelling and forecasting services as well as in ice navigation is discussed. Finally, the article describes future plans for new satellites and sensors to be used in sea ice observation.
Interaction between endotoxin and histones in thrombosis (671.5) (2014)

Histones, the protein component of nucleosomes, are released from neutrophils during inflammation and have a pro‐aggregatory effect on platelets. Recent reports suggest that histones interact with toll‐like receptor‐4; therefore, we studied the effect of endotoxin (LPS) on nucleosome formation and histone‐induced platelet aggregation. We measured plasma nucleosome levels in mice exposed to either LPS or control, and the effects of exogenous histones of photochemical‐induced thombus formation in cremaster venules. Finally, we compared the effects of LPS and histones on platelet aggregation. We observed that 4 hours after LPS, mice had a 4‐fold higher level of plasma nucleosomes compared to saline‐exposed mice (p&lt;0.01). Furthermore, exogenous histones resulted in a decreased platelet counts (from 1.1 x 10 6 to 0.86 x 10 6 /µL; p&lt; 0.05), increased thrombin‐anti‐thrombin complexes (from 0.99 to 6.1 ng/mL; p&lt;0.01), and accelerated rates of thrombosis (time to thrombotic occlusion was reduced from 6.5 to 4.4 min; p&lt;0.05). Finally, whereas LPS alone did not induce platelet aggregation, it enhanced the aggregatory response after histone administration in a dose‐dependent manner (22, 28, and 38% aggregation with LPS 0, 10, and 100 ng/mL, respectively; p&lt;0.01). Taken together, these data suggest a synergistic interaction between endotoxin and histones in producing a prothrombotic state. Grant Funding Source : Supported by a BLR&amp;D Merit Review Award from the Department of Veterans Affairs
Hyaluronan Fragments Promote Inflammation by Down-Regulating the Anti-inflammatory A2a Receptor (2011)

The tissue microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating inflammation. Chronic inflammation leads to an influx of inflammatory cells and mediators, extracellular matrix turnover, and increased extracellular adenosine. Low molecular weight (LMW) fragments of hyaluronan (HA), a matrix component, play a critical role in lung inflammation and fibrosis by inducing inflammatory gene expression at the injury site. Adenosine, a crucial negative regulator of inflammation, protects tissues from immune destruction via the adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR). Therefore, these two extracellular products of inflammation play opposing roles in regulating immune responses. As such, we wanted to determine the effect of LMW HA on A2aR function. In this article, we demonstrate that LMW HA causes a rapid, significant, and sustained down-regulation of the A2aR. CD44 was found to be necessary for LMW HA to down-modulate the A2aR as was protein kinase C signaling. We also demonstrate that LMW HA induces A2aR down-regulation during inflammation in vivo, and that this down-regulation can be blocked by treatment with an HA-blocking peptide. Because adenosine plays a critical role in limiting inflammation, our data provide a novel mechanism whereby LMW HA itself may further augment inflammation. By defining the pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of extracellular matrix components, we will be better able to identify specific pharmacologic targets as potential therapies.
Osmium-Acyl Decarbonylation Promoted by Tp-Mediated Allenylidene Abstraction: A New Role of the Tp Ligand (2014)

Phenylacetylene and 1,1-diphenyl-2-propyn-1-ol displace the pyridyl and ethylene ligands of OsTp{κ1-C[NC5H3Me]}(η2-CH2═CH2)(PiPr3) (1) to afford the alkynyl-vinylidene derivatives OsTp(C≡CR)(═C═CHR)(PiPr3) (Tp = hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate; R = Ph, (2), C(OH)Ph2 (3)). Stirring of toluene solutions of 3 in the presence of neutral aluminum oxide initially produces the dehydration of the vinylidene ligand to give the alkynyl-allenylidene OsTp{C≡CC(OH)Ph2}(═C═C═CPh2)(PiPr3) (4), which subsequently undergoes a Meyer-Schuster rearrangement to yield the acyl-allenylidene OsTp{C(O)CH═CPh2}(═C═C═CPh2)(PiPr3) (5). In toluene, at 60 °C, the B–H bond of the Tp ligand of 5 abstracts the allene from the osmium coordination sphere by means of a 1,1-hydroboration of the Os–Cα double bond. As a result, the acyl decarbonylation takes place to form Os(Ph2C═C═CHTp)(CH═CPh2)(CO)(PiPr3) (6). In acetonitrile at 60 °C, the allene tautomerizes into the alkyne to afford Os(Ph2HCC≡CTp)(CH═CPh2)(CO)(PiPr3) (7). The abstraction modifies the reactivity of the system toward HBF4. Thus, while the protonation of 5 leads to the alkylidyne [OsTp{C(O)CH═CPh2}(≡CCH═CPh2)(PiPr3)]BF4 (8), the protonation of 6 and 7 gives the alkylidenes [Os(Ph2C═C═CHTp)(═CHCHPh2)(CO)(PiPr3)]BF4 (9) and [Os(Ph2HCC≡CTp)(═CHCHPh2)(CO)(PiPr3)]BF4 (10). Both 9 and 10 are unstable in solution. In dichloromethane, at room temperature, they evolve into the corresponding olefin derivatives [Os(Ph2C═C═CHTp)(η2-CH2═CPh2)(CO)(PiPr3)]BF4 (11) and [Os(Ph2HCC≡CTp)(η2-CH2═CPh2)(CO)(PiPr3)]BF4 (12) by means of a Cβ,Cα-hydrogen shift on the alkylidene ligand.