gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active structural acoustic control of double panel systems including hierarchical control approaches (1996)

The general trends and principles of active structural acoustic control when applied to double panel systems are investigated to determine the respective advantages and limitations of this approach. Included is the application of a novel hierarchical control approach which may reduce the controller complexity and the collinearity issue for large order controllers. This research was initiated by an interest in studying the noise transmission path from the noise field generated by an advanced turboprop engine through the aircraft fuselage and the interior trim into the interior acoustic field which can be modeled as a double panel system. The system studied was a double panel model consisting of two rectangular, uniform, flat plates separated by a sealed air cavity, mounted in a transmission loss test facility and excited by an oblique acoustic plane wave. Piezoelectric control inputs were mounted directly on the double panel system incident or radiating plates. Error sensors were microphones placed in the acoustic free field. The cost function was defined as the total radiated sound power from the double panel system. The investigation was carried out analytically with experimental verification. Results of active structural acoustic control (ASAC) applied to double panel systems indicated that the best control performance was exhibited by a double panel system controlled by PZT control actuators mounted on a sandwich board radiating plate. The sandwich board radiating plate double panel system exhibits a decreased coupling of the incident and radiating plates and a lower modal density which results in increased uncontrolled and controlled transmission loss. Piezoelectric (PZT) control actuators should be mounted on the radiating plate of a double panel system which can couple into the radiating acoustic field better than actuators mounted on the incident plate. As expected, better control is achieved with more control actuators since a more distributed forcing function can be attained. However, for on-resonance excitation, the increased number of actuators decreases performance due to collinearity of the actuators which results in spillover. Results of the biologically inspired hierarchical (BIO) control algorithm indicated that significant performance increases over a one output channel controller were attained for all of the BIO methods while performance lagged compared to a full order controller with the same number of control channels. One advantage of the hierarchical control structure was the ability to avoid the collinearity issue when the degrees of freedom excited in the double panel system was less than the number of control channels. In this instance, the hierarchical structure exhibited less spillover than a fully adaptive LQOCT controller.
Metabolic screening using on-line ultrafiltration mass spectrometry. (1998)

An on-line mass spectrometric method has been developed to generate and identify drug metabolites formed by hepatic cytochromes P450. This method, pulsed ultrafiltration-mass spectrometry, may be used for rapid screening of drugs to determine their extent of metabolism by microsomal cytochromes P450 and to characterize the primary metabolites. Rat liver microsomes were trapped in a stirred ultrafiltration chamber fitted with a 100,000 molecular weight cut-off ultrafiltration membrane. A continuous-flow of ammonium acetate buffer was pumped through the chamber and into an electrospray mass spectrometer. Substrates for cytochromes P450 including imipramine, chlorpromazine, and pentoxyresorufin were flow injected through the chamber along with the cofactor, NADPH, and metabolites were detected on-line by using electrospray mass spectrometry. Identical control experiments carried out using boiled microsomes or without NADPH showed no metabolite formation. Naringenin and quinidine, which are inhibitors of some isozymes of cytochrome P450 and are not known to be extensively metabolized, showed no major metabolites. For comparison, imipramine metabolites were also generated by standard batch incubation with microsomes and NADPH, followed by extraction and LC-MS analysis. Similar metabolites were obtained using the flow-through ultrafiltration method and the standard batch microsomal incubation. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to confirm structures of imipramine metabolites including 10-hydroxyimipramine, 2-hydroxyimipramine, imipramine N-oxide, and N-desmethylimipramine. Finally, the feasibility of using ultrafiltration mass spectrometry for high throughput metabolic screening was demonstrated by using on-line mass spectrometry for only 3 min per incubation instead of monitoring the entire elution profile. By carrying out multiple ultrafiltration experiments in parallel, efficient use of the mass spectrometric detector may be obtained with a throughput of at least 20 incubations per hour. Throughputs of up to 60 profiles per hour should be possible. On-line ultrafiltration electrospray mass spectrometry offers a streamlined, higher-throughput method for in vitro formation and mass spectrometric characterization of microsomal drug metabolites.
UV‐curable acrylate‐based nanocomposites: effect of polyaniline additives on the curing performance (2013)

Composites of nanostructured polyaniline (PANI) conducting polymer in a polyester acrylate (PEA) formulation were made to provide conductive organic coatings. The effect of the presence and amount of PANI on the photocuring performance of the ultraviolet (UV)‐curable acrylate system has been investigated employing real‐time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as the main technique. Longer initial retardation of the radical polymerization and lower rates of cross‐linking reactions were observed for dispersions containing PANI of higher than 3wt.%. The PEA/PANI samples were more affected than the neat PEA resin by the changes in UV light intensity and oxygen accessibility during UV curing. Samples with higher PANI content, of up to 10wt.%, were tested and could be partially cured even at UV light intensities as low as 2 mW cm −2 when the oxygen replenishment into the system was inhibited. Thermal analysis revealed that the presence of PANI did not induce any significant change in Tg of the cured system, meaning that early decrease in mobility and vitrification is not the reason for lower ultimate conversion of the dispersions with higher PANI content compared with the neat PEA resin. Curing under strong UV lamps, of 1.5 W cm −2 intensity, made it possible to reach high degrees of conversion on films with similar mechanical properties independent of the PANI content. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A Non-Iterative Matrix Method for Constraint Molecular Dynamics Simulations (1994)

Abstract A non-iterative version of the matrix method which can be easily vectorised and parallelized is presented. The original matrix method, which is conceptually identical to the familiar SHAKE algorithm, is shown to be non-iterative when incorporated with the Verlet and leap-frog integration schemes with the same constraint error order as the (local) error order of the accompanying integration schemes. The method is checked by test simulations with n-butane and the liquid crystal moleculae 5CB (4-n-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl) in which its effectiveness is demonstrated.
Pervasive tandem duplications and convergent evolution shape coral genomes (2023)

At large, we show the importance of duplicated genes to inform the biology of reef-building corals and provide novel avenues to understand and screen for differences in stress resilience.
Algorithm For LI Near Gradient Refractive Indices (1988)

Electronic and optical materials can and are being fabricated in a variety of forms including monotonic variation of their physical properties. A characteristic matrix for translating the optical parameters in media having linear gradients In complex refractive indices Is the basis for an algorithm for a program to calculate optical parameters for ellipsometry, reflectance and transmittance. Illustrative examples are given for three different types of gradient systems such as might be encountered in opto-electronic applications.
SloMo: An implicit cross-layer mechanism for a better experience on mobile networks (2017)

Congestion in today's mobile networks is mainly managed by end to end congestion control algorithms such as TCP. However, in spite of its many merits, TCP does not cope well with the high variability inherent to radio links and customer experience may sometimes be poor as TCP reveals unable to rapidly grasp such a fluctuating bandwidth. To remedy this problem, we introduce in this paper a new proposal called SloMo. Contrary to existing mechanisms, SloMo does not rely on protocol analysis and may be applied to encrypted traffic. SloMo is particularly easy to implement and deploy, robust to encryption, and its performance evaluation is quite encouraging.
Polyclonal-Antibody-Based ELISA To Detect Milk Alkaline Phosphatase (2000)

Polyclonal antibodies (PAb) prepared against bovine milk alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were used to develop a competitive indirect (CI) ELISA. Anti-ALP PAb were specific for milk ALP and did not react with ALP from E. coli or bovine and calf intestinal mucosa. Anti-ALP PAb were 20% cross-reactive with bovine placenta ALP. The anti-ALP antibodies also did not recognize bovine serum albumin, acid glycoprotein, ovalbumin, ferritin, and casein, although some cross-reactivity was observed with whey protein isolate. Anti-ALP PAbs reacted with deglycosylated native ALP, but did not recognize ALP denatured at 100 degrees C in 2% SDS or deglycosylated denatured ALP. When buffered solutions of milk ALP were heated at 70 degrees C, ALP activity decreased at a faster rate than ALP content determined by CI-ELISA. The ELISA differentiated between native and heat denatured ALP. Further studies are warranted to determine if an ELISA can be used to verify pasteurization of fluid milk.
Update on the therapeutic potential of PDE4 inhibitors (2002)

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes are responsible for the inactiviation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a cAMP specific phosphodiesterase expressed in inflammatory cells such as eosinophils. Inhibition of PDE4 results in an elevation of cAMP in these cells, which in turn downregulates the inflammatory response. The anti-inflammatory effects of PDE4 inhibitors have been well documented both in vitro and in vivo in a range of animal models. The potential use of PDE4 inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), has received considerable attention from the pharmaceutical industry but to date, there are no selective PDE4 inhibitors on the market. Early PDE4 inhibitors, such as rolipram suffered from dose limiting side effects, including nausea and emesis, which severely restricted their therapeutic utility. Second generation compounds such as cilomilast have been identified with reduced side effect liability. Indeed, cilomilast is showing good therapeutic effects in clinical trials for asthma and COPD and represents the most advanced selective PDE4 inhibitor for any indication. The utility of this class of inhibitor in other inflammatory diseases is less well advanced. However, data in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and MS suggests that there is also significant potential for PDE4 inhibitors as treatments for these diseases and the results of clinical trials in these disease areas are eagerly awaited.
Functional Inactivation of the Amygdala before But Not after Auditory Fear Conditioning Prevents Memory Formation (1999)

Two competing theories predict different effects on memory consolidation when the amygdala is inactivated after fear conditioning. One theory, based on studies using inhibitory avoidance training, proposes that the amygdala modulates the strength of fear learning, and post-training amygdala manipulations interfere with memory consolidation. The other, based on studies using Pavlovian fear conditioning, hypothesizes that fear learning occurs in the amygdala, and post-training manipulations after acquisition will not affect memory consolidation. We infused the GABAA agonist muscimol (4.4 nmol/side) or vehicle into lateral and basal amygdala (LBA) of rats either before or immediately after tone-foot shock Pavlovian fear conditioning. Pre-training infusions eliminated acquisition, whereas post-training infusions had no effect. These findings indicate that synaptic activity in LBA is necessary during learning, but that amygdala inactivation directly after training does not affect memory consolidation. Results suggest that essential aspects of plasticity underlying auditory fear conditioning take place within LBA during learning.
Intra-Laboratory Validation of Alpha-Galactosidase Activity Measurement in Dietary Supplements (2021)

The proven method achieved good performance in the quantitative determination of α-Gal activity in commercial food supplements in accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals (ICH) guidelines and is suitable as a rapid in-house quality control test.
Automatic user identification by using forearm biometrics (2013)

Electromyography (EMG) based human machine muscle interfaces hold great potential for interfacing the complexity of our body, with a multitude of electronic devices. However, the lack of compensationary methods for adapting systems from one user to another, prevents us achieving easy to use devices. This paper presents a method for enhancing EMG usability, which is based on biometrically identifying a user, so that previous training data can be automatically retrieved. This minimizes the need for small groups of people to repeatedly re-train a system over a short to medium time frame. Experiments were performed to test how EMG, circumference, as well as a combination of both, can be used as a biometric for identifying 4 users, in small group sizes of 4, 10 and 19. The results show average identification accuracies across all 11 gestures of 55.32%, 75.44% and 90.32%, for groups of 19,10 and 4 subjects respectively, while attaining the best single gesture identification accuracies of 60.04%, 82.8% and 100%.
miR‑193b exhibits mutual interaction with MYC, and suppresses growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma (2020)

Emerging evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRs) are involved in the malignant behavior of cancer. The present study explored the role of miR‑193b in the development and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Compared with F4 osteosarcoma cells, which have a relatively low metastatic potential, highly metastatic F5M2 cells exhibited a lower expression of miR‑193b. Furthermore, miR‑193b exerted negative effects on cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis. In vivo studies revealed negative influences of miR‑193b on tumorigenesis and metastasis. The tumor‑suppressive role of miR‑193b was achieved by targeting KRAS and stathmin 1 (STMN1). Notably, overexpression of KRAS and STMN1 attenuated the miR‑193b‑induced inhibition of malignant behaviors. There was a double‑negative regulatory loop between MYC and miR‑193b, with MYC inhibiting miR‑193b expression by directly binding to its promoter region and miR‑193b negatively influencing MYC expression indirectly through some unknown mechanism. Collectively, these findings indicated that miR‑193b may serve a tumor suppressive role in osteosarcoma by targeting KRAS and STMN1. The double‑negative regulatory loop between MYC and miR‑193b may contribute to the sustained upregulation of MYC, the downregulation of miR‑193b, and to the subsequently enhanced expression of KRAS and STMN1, which may eventually lead to the development and metastasis of osteosarcoma.
Precision in Gynecologic Cytologic Interpretation: A Study From the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology (2003)

The cytologic interpretations of the most significant categories (HSIL, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma) are less precise than those of specific infection (Candida, Trichomonas, and yeast), negative, and LSIL categories. Cytologic interpretations of LSIL are made with greater precision than those of HSIL and may represent a more appropriate endpoint to measure the precision performance of gynecologic cytology laboratories.
Isolation and Purification of Schwann Cells from Spinal Nerves of Neonatal Rat (2017)

Primary cultured Schwann cells (SCs) are widely used in the investigation of the biology of SC and are important seed cells for neural tissue engineering. Here, we describe a novel protocol for harvesting primary cultured SCs from neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In the present protocol, dissociated SCs are isolated from the spinal nerves of neonatal rats and purified by the treatment of cytosine arabinoside (AraC).
Toxicophores, reactive metabolites and drug safety: when is it a cause for concern? (2008)

It is generally accepted that bioactivation of relatively inert functional groups (toxicophores) to reactive metabolites is an obligatory step in the pathogenesis of certain idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs). IADRs cannot be detected in regulatory animal toxicity studies and, given their low frequency of occurrence in humans (1 in 10,000 to 1 in 100,000), they are often not detected until the drug has gained broad exposure in a large patient population. The detection of IADRs during late clinical trials or after a drug has been released can lead to an unanticipated restriction in its use, and even in its withdrawal. To date, there is neither a consistent nor a well-defined link between bioactivation and IADRs; however, the potential does exist for these processes to be causally related. Thus, the formation of reactive metabolites with a drug candidate is generally considered a liability in most pharmaceutical companies. Procedures have been implemented to evaluate bioactivation potential of new drug candidates with the goal of eliminating or minimizing reactive metabolite formation by rational structural modification of the lead chemical class. While such studies have proven extremely useful in the retrospective analysis of bioactivation pathways of toxic drugs and defining toxicophores, their ability to accurately predict the IADR potential of new drug candidates has been challenged, given that several commercially successful drugs form reactive metabolites, yet, they are not associated with a significant incidence of IADRs. In this article, we review the basic methodology that is currently utilized to evaluate the bioactivation potential of new compounds, with particular emphasis on the advantages and limitation of these assays. Plausible reasons for the excellent safety record of certain drugs susceptible to bioactivation are also explored. Overall, these observations provide valuable guidance in the proper use of bioactivation assessments when selecting drug candidates for development.
Methylglyoxal in diabetes: link to treatment, glycaemic control and biomarkers of complications (2014)

Diabetic complications are major health problems worldwide, with the cost of caring for diabetes rising to US$245 billion in 2012 in the U.S.A. alone. It is widely recognized that non-enzymatic glycation in diabetes is a major cause of damage and dysfunction of key vascular cells. MG (methylglyoxal) is directly toxic to tissues, and is a major precursor of AGEs (advanced glycation end-products). Various propensities to diabetic complications are seen among individuals with diabetes, with accelerated rates occurring in some individuals with modest hyperglycaemia, while others never progress in spite of poor glycaemic control over many years. Since production and detoxification of MG is ultimately controlled by enzymatic mechanisms, both genetic and environmental factors could regulate tissue glycation and potentially account for these variable complication rates. Activation of pathways that determine MG levels occurs in susceptible patients, indicting an important role in pathogenesis. MG leads to formation of specific AGEs, which are likely to predict propensity to diabetic complications. We have shown recently that three specific plasma AGE biomarkers [MG-H1 (MG-derived hydroimidazolones), CEL (Nε-carboxyethyl-lysine) and CML (Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine)] predict biopsy-documented fast DN (diabetic nephropathy) progression. Since two of the predictive biomarkers are MG end-products, these outcomes support a role for MG in the development of DN. Our studies on MG and its end-products have also shown anti-complication effects of the drug metformin, which binds and inactivates MG, thus reducing MG-related AGEs. We have also shown that reducing post-meal glucose decreases MG levels, as well as levels of MG-related AGEs. Our clinical outcome studies have been based on the novel concept that the unique glycation products that we can measure reflect the activity of specific chemical pathways that are selectively activated by hyperglycaemia in patients that are inherently more susceptible to diabetic complications, and can be used to solve other diabetes-related medical questions.
Techniques de codage pour le stockage à long terme d’images numériques dans l’ADN synthétique (2020)

Data explosion is one of the greatest challenges of digital evolution, causing the storage demand to grow at such a rate that it cannot compete with the actual capabilities of devices. The digital universe is forecast to grow to over 175 zettabytes by 2025 while 80% is infrequently accessed (“cold” data), yet safely archived in off-line tape drives due to security and regulatory compliance reasons. At the same time, conventional storage devices have a limited lifespan of 10 to 20 years and therefore should be frequently replaced to ensure data reliability, a process which is expensive both in terms of money and energy. Recent studies have shown that due to its biological properties, DNA is a very promising candidate for the long-term archiving of “cold” digital data for centuries or even longer under the condition that the information is encoded in a quaternary stream made up of the symbols A, T, C and G, to represent the 4 components of the DNA molecule, while also respecting some important encoding constraints. Pioneering works have proposed different algorithms for DNA coding leaving room for further improvement. In this thesis we present some novel image coding techniques for the efficient storage of digital images into DNA. We implemented a novel fixed length algorithm for the construction of a robust quaternary code that respects the biological constraints and proposed two different mapping functions to allow flexibility according to the encoding needs. Furthermore, one of the main challenges of DNA data storage being the expensive cost of DNA synthesis, we make a very first attempt to introduce controlled compression in the proposed encoding workflow. The, proposed codec is competitive compared to the state of the art. Furthermore, our end-to-end coding/decoding solution has been experimented in a wet lab experiment to prove feasibility of the theoretical study in practice