gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of 15N-Labelled Liquid Organic Fertilisers Based on Manure and Crop Residue for Use in Fertigation Studies (2016)

Large quantities of crop residue and animal manure from agricultural and livestock activities are annually produced worldwide. With proper management, these residues are potentially valuable sources of plant nutrients, mainly N. Recycling such subproducts in sustainably-based agricultural systems can minimise the use of mineral fertilisers, and hence reduce the potential risk of surface and groundwater pollution. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to obtain (small scale) two liquid labelled-organic fertilisers, an animal- and a vegetal-based organic (AO and VO, respectively) fertiliser, to be used as organic N sources in subsequent fertigation studies. Forage maize (Zea mays L.) grown under 15N-labelled fertiliser supply was used as raw material for VO fertiliser production, and also as 15N-labelled sheep feed to obtain 15N-labelled manure. The labelled faeces fraction was used as raw material for the AO fertiliser. The VO fertiliser was obtained after an acidic and an enzyme-driven hydrolysis. The AO fertiliser was obtained after acidic hydrolysis. The VO liquid fertiliser presented an N concentration of 330 mg·L-1, 85% of total N was organic, while ammonium and nitrate N accounted for 55% and 45% of the mineral nitrogen fraction, respectively. This fertiliser also exhibited high K, Ca and S concentrations and notable values for the remaining macro- and micronutrients. The AO liquid fertiliser had a similar total N concentration (496 mg·L-1, 82% of total N in an organic form) to that of VO, but its mineral N fraction significantly differed, which came in a predominantly (95%) ammonia form. It also had a high content of N, P, K and other macronutrients, and sufficient Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and B levels, which suggests its suitability as a potential fertiliser. The percentage of 15N enrichment in both VO and AO liquid fertilisers exceeded 2% 15N atom excess, which enabled their use in subsequent assays run to assess nitrogen uptake efficiency.
The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework (2012)

The OAuth 2.0 authorization framework enables a third-party
application to obtain limited access to an HTTP service, either on
behalf of a resource owner by orchestrating an approval interaction
between the resource owner and the HTTP service, or by allowing the
third-party application to obtain access on its own behalf. This
specification replaces and obsoletes the OAuth 1.0 protocol described
in RFC 5849. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
239. Human Myoblast Deimmortalization Using Tat-Mediated Cre Recombinase Delivery (2004)

The reduced proliferating capacity of myoblasts isolated from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients limits our capacity to genetically modify and proliferate them in vitro for their use in autologous transplantation. Previously, our research group has successfully immortalized and extensively proliferated DMD myoblasts using the SV-40 Large T antigen (TAg) and hTERT1,2. Using a retroviral vector coding for TAg flanked by LoxP sites, immortalization reversal can be performed by Cre delivery. To circumvent the requirement for an additional infection, we used a Tat-Cre recombinase fusion protein to exert the recombination necessary for immortalization reversal. Tat-Cre intracellular transduction produced site-specific recombination and excision of the TAg. To facilitate the TAg excision process, cell lines containing a single immortalizing integrative event were generated. Using these cell lines, we demonstrate that by optimizing the delivery using a high concentration Tat-Cre protein, by co-incubating with chloroquine and by selecting against cells containing copies of the unrecombined vector, complete TAg removal could be achieved with a single 1 h treatment. In addition to the molecular evidence demonstrating immortalizing cassette removal, TAg excision also resulted in growth arrest within 2 days. The resulting cell culture could be maintained for at least 2 weeks. These results indicate that the intracellular delivery of a recombinant Tat-Cre protein could be a useful tool for a variety of applications that necessitate the manipulation of cells in culture.
Beamformer-Guided Target Speaker Extraction (2023)

We propose a Beamformer-guided Target Speaker Extraction (BG-TSE) method to extract a target speaker's voice from a multi-channel recording informed by the direction of arrival of the target. The proposed method employs a front-end beamformer steered towards the target speaker to provide an auxiliary signal to a single-channel TSE system. By allowing for time-varying embeddings in the single-channel TSE block, the proposed method fully exploits the correspondence between the front-end beamformer output and the target speech in the microphone signal. Experimental evaluation on simulated multi-channel 2-speaker mixtures, in both anechoic and reverberant conditions, demonstrates the advantage of the proposed method compared to recent single-channel and multi-channel baselines.
Task-driven dictionary learning for inpainting (2014)

Several approaches used for inpainting of images take advantage of sparse representations. Some of these seek to learn a dictionary that will adapt the sparse representation to the available data. A further refinement is to adapt the learning process to the task itself. In this paper, we formulate a task-driven approach to inpainting as an optimization problem, and derive an algorithm for solving it. We demonstrate via numerical experiments that a purely task-driven approach gives superior results to other dictionary-learning approaches.
Deep vs. shallow networks: An approximation theory perspective (2016)

The paper briefly reviews several recent results on hierarchical architectures for learning from examples, that may formally explain the conditions under which Deep Convolutional Neural Networks perform much better in function approximation problems than shallow, one-hidden layer architectures. The paper announces new results for a non-smooth activation function — the ReLU function — used in present-day neural networks, as well as for the Gaussian networks. We propose a new definition of relative dimension to encapsulate different notions of sparsity of a function class that can possibly be exploited by deep networks but not by shallow ones to drastically reduce the complexity required for approximation and learning.
Frequency Multiplexing Heralded Single Photon Source at 1.5 μm (2019)

We propose a heralded single photon source with three frequency modes multiplexed and operating in all telecom band by using cascaded χ(2) processes in a periodically poled lithium niobite (PPLN) waveguide. Our proof-of-principle result shows that each frequency mode reaches a coincidence count rate of ∼10 kHz with a coincident-to-accidental ratio of 3×102.
Stress and Hydraulic Pressure Sensor Based on a Dual-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber (2012)

A dual-core photonic crystal fiber (DC-PCF) sensor based on fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed and demonstrated for stress sensing with a sensitivity of 1.4 pm/με and hydraulic pressure sensing with a sensitivity of −41 pm/MPa.
Integration feasibility of porous SiLK* semiconductor dielectric (2001)

The feasibility of integrating a SiLK* Semiconductor Dielectric film (*trademark of The Dow Chemical Company) that contains closed pores was studied using a single damascene test vehicle. The study focussed on tool qualification, process set-up and single damascene feasibility to demonstrate technology extendibility. The results indicate that only minor changes have to be made to the process conditions when transitioning from a dense to a porous SiLK* film.
Sensitization of manganese-stabilized austenitic steels (1990)

In an earlier study of the phase stability of manganese-stabilized austenitic steels based on Fe-12 Cr-20 Mn-0.25 C (wt %), significant precipitation of tau carbides (M 23 C 6) was found to occur both in the matrix and at grain boundaries during aging near 600°C. Because of the similarity of the observed microstructures to those of sensitized steels and the evidence of preferential grain boundary attack in extraction replicas, the susceptibility of these alloys to sensitization relative to a type 304L nickel-stabilized stainless steel was investigated with the use of corrosion tests and analytical electron microscopy. Four Mn-stabilized steels (IT-2 - IT-5) were prepared with different minor additions (Table 1). These alloys and the type 304L steel were solution annealed at 1150°C (SA) and subsequently aged for 2 h at 650°C. The steels were checked for sensitization in both the SA and aged conditions by immersion in a boiling, acidified CuSO 4 solution for 48 h (modified-Strauss test, ASTM A 262-E). The degree of sensitization was indicated by the extent of grain boundary attack and the tendency for grain boundary failure during immersion or post-immersion bending. The type 304L steel was not sensitized in the SA condition and only mildly sensitized as aged (only slight intergranular cracking during bending). On the other hand, though not sensitized in the SA conditions, the aged Mn-stabilized steels were severely attacked during the modified-Strauss test. They generally fractured intergranularly under their own weight or internal stresses after removal from the solution. This indicated a high degree of sensitization at 650°C.
Implementation of a CO2 Foam Pilot Study in the SACROC Field: Performance Evaluation (2012)

Abstract A new conformance solution has been developed to help producers reach and recover more oil from existing wells while simultaneously reducing operating expenditures. This new technology successfully addresses shortcomings associated with existing miscible gas EOR (enhanced oil recovery) processes by generating foams of supercritical CO2 fluid and water in the formation which alter mobility and improve vertical conformance. Ultimately, the process can improve the profitability of existing wells by enhancing reservoir sweep efficiency, thereby allowing access to previously bypassed oil. This report describes the technology development process and documents successful field trial results from Kinder Morgan's SACROC field.
Synthesis of Exotic Soaps in the Chemistry Laboratory (1998)

A variety of different triglyceride sources ranging from Vietnamese garlic oil to a local restaurant's grill sludge were saponified to generate a series of exotic soaps. Students did not quantify their results, but described their products in terms of color, texture and odor. Their results were compared with existing data on the triglyceride content for each source used (when possible). Soap texture seemed to be related to the degree of unsaturation present in the starting triglyceride. However, texture alterations due to occluded impurities could not be ruled out. In general, fats and oils high in saturated fats (butter) gave hard, chunky, and waxlike soaps, while those high in unsaturated fats gave flaky and easily crumbled soaps (olive, corn, peanut and sunflower oils). Soap color was not consistent with triglyceride unsaturation levels during the time frame studied. Odor changes were dramatic and were explained in terms of a change in chemical structure (i.e. conversion from an ester to a carboxylate salt). In general, the experiment was well received by students and stressed the importance of making precise qualitative observations during the experiment.
BET Bromodomain Proteins Brd2, Brd3 and Brd4 Selectively Regulate Metabolic Pathways in the Pancreatic β-Cell (2016)

Displacement of Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) proteins from chromatin has promise for cancer and inflammatory disease treatments, but roles of BET proteins in metabolic disease remain unexplored. Small molecule BET inhibitors, such as JQ1, block BET protein binding to acetylated lysines, but lack selectivity within the BET family (Brd2, Brd3, Brd4, Brdt), making it difficult to disentangle contributions of each family member to transcriptional and cellular outcomes. Here, we demonstrate multiple improvements in pancreatic β-cells upon BET inhibition with JQ1 or BET-specific siRNAs. JQ1 (50-400 nM) increases insulin secretion from INS-1 cells in a concentration dependent manner. JQ1 increases insulin content in INS-1 cells, accounting for increased secretion, in both rat and human islets. Higher concentrations of JQ1 decrease intracellular triglyceride stores in INS-1 cells, a result of increased fatty acid oxidation. Specific inhibition of both Brd2 and Brd4 enhances insulin transcription, leading to increased insulin content. Inhibition of Brd2 alone increases fatty acid oxidation. Overlapping yet discrete roles for individual BET proteins in metabolic regulation suggest new isoform-selective BET inhibitors may be useful to treat insulin resistant/diabetic patients. Results imply that cancer and diseases of chronic inflammation or disordered metabolism are related through shared chromatin regulatory mechanisms.
Neutrons: It Is All in the Timing—The Physics of Nuclear Fission Chains and Their Detection (2014)

hould a nuclear response team locate a potential threat object, it will be imperative for the team to quickly determine whether or not the object is an actual nuclear device. Only a nuclear device or a large amount of special nuclear material will sustain a significant number of fission chains. Therefore, the detection of fission chains constitutes a “smoking gun. ” This article is a technical introduction to the physics of fission chains and their detection using neu-tron time-correlation methods; it also touches on some of the Johns Hopkins Univer-sity Applied Physics Laboratory’s efforts to bring this important detection capability to the field.
Quantum melting of charge order due to frustration in two-dimensional quarter-filled systems (2005)

The effect of geometrical frustration in a two-dimensional $1∕4$-filled strongly correlated electron system is studied theoretically, motivated by layered organic molecular crystals. An extended Hubbard model on the square lattice is considered, with competing nearest-neighbor Coulomb interaction $V$, and that of next-nearest neighbor along one of the diagonals ${V}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, which favor different charge ordered states. Based on exact diagonalization calculations, we find a metallic phase stabilized over a broad window at ${V}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\sim}V$ even for large Coulomb repulsion strengths as a result of frustrating the charge ordered states. Slightly modifying the lattice geometry relevant to the actual organic compounds does not alter the results, suggesting that this ``quantum melting'' of charge order is a robust feature of frustrated strongly correlated $1∕4$-filled systems.
Kinect=IMU? Learning MIMO Signal Mappings to Automatically Translate Activity Recognition Systems across Sensor Modalities (2012)

We propose a method to automatically translate a preexisting activity recognition system, devised for a source sensor domain S, so that it can operate on a newly discovered target sensor domain T, possibly of different modality. First, we use MIMO system identification techniques to obtain a function that maps the signals of S to T. This mapping is then used to translate the recognition system across the sensor domains. We demonstrate the approach in a 5-class gesture recognition problem translating between a vision-based skeleton tracking system (Kinect), and inertial measurement units (IMUs). An adequate mapping can be learned in as few as a single gesture (3 seconds) in this scenario. The accuracy after Kinect → IMU or IMU → Kinect translation is 4% below the baseline for the same limb. Translating across modalities and also to an adjacent limb yields an accuracy 8% below baseline. We discuss the sources of errors and means for improvement. The approach is independent of the sensor modalities. It supports multimodal activity recognition and more flexible real-world activity recognition system deployments.
Optimisation of Flow Through a Pneumatic Control Valve using CFD Analysis and Experimental Validation (2007)

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is becoming a tool that can be used by engineers to optimise valve performance. CFD is used here to model the fluid flow characteristics through a control valve. By changing various aspects of the internal flow path, the performance of a valve is improved through a greater mass flow rate to optimise its performance. These changes included rounding sharp edges, removing areas of dead-space and moving some internal parts to reduce sharp changes in direction. The CFD model was used to create a new modified design which was then manufactured for testing. The test results were compared to the CFD results from the new model. The CFD and experimental results showed a similar increase in flow rate from the original to the modified valve showing that changes to the internal flow path had a positive effect on the measured flow rate.
Protecting digital circuits against hold time violation due to process variability (2009)

Statistical process variations are a critical issue to define circuit design strategies to ensure high yield in sub-100nm technologies. This work focuses on hold time violation probabilities in sub-100 nm technologies. The variability in flip-flop race immunity and clock skew is evaluated, and a methodology for the estimation of hold time violation probability is developed. This violation probability is analyzed at different technologies, flip-flop strength, supply voltage and padding. Then three different methods to protect against hold time violations are evaluated: Vdd reduction, race immunity increase, and padding. Each of them has different advantages and drawbacks that must be taken into account. It is shown that at design time the most effective method is padding. An algorithm to automatically insert padding in digital circuits considering process variability is presented. The proposed algorithm will be evaluated compared to other ways to protect against violations.
Adhesion, Autoaggregation and Hydrophobicity of Six Lactobacillus Strains (2014)

The aim of this study was to assess probiotic attributes such as adhesion, auto aggregation, hydrophobicity and antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus strains from dairy products. Methodology: In this study, the autoaggregation, coaggregation, hydrophobicity and adhering abilities and antimicrobial activities of six Lactobacillus strains belonging to different species were assessed. Hydrophobicity was determined by bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons, xylene, n-hexadecane and chloroform. Results: The percentage of hydrophobicity of the strains range from 29.5% to 77.4% as measured by the described test. The autoaggregation among Lactobacillus strains range from 15.8% to 63.1%, while coaggregation range from 18.6% to 55.1%. Adhesion of the tested strains to buccal epithelial cells range from 8.0% to 50%. The tested Lactobacillus strains demonstrated variable inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that one Lactobacillus strain expressed broad antibacterial activities against a group of bacterial pathogens and along 2 other strains exhibited ability to adhere to epithelial cells as shown by aggregation, coaggregation and hydrophobicity, indicating that such isolates can be good candidates for probiotic use.
A strain of Penicillium funiculosum Thorn with activity against Panonychus ulmi Koch (Acar., Tetranychidae) (1987)

Abstract The acaricide activity of crude extracts of Penicillium funiculosum against Panonychus ulmi is investigated. Its activity is at least of the same order as commercial acaricide. It has an effect principally on larval and adult stages, causing a high mortality rate and a complete loss of fertility. Both ingestion and contact toxicity are found. Zusammenfassung Zur Wirkung eines Penicillium funiculosum‐Stammes auf Panonychus ulmi Koch (Acar., Tetranychidae ) Es wurde die akarizide Wirkung eine Rohextrakts von Penicillium funiculosum Thom auf P. ulmi untersucht. Die Wirksamkeit dieses Extraktes ist vergleichbar mit jener von kommerziellen Akariziden. Das Penicillium ‐Extrakt ist vor allem gegenüber Larven und Adulten wirksam, wobei eine hohe Mortalitätsrate und ein vollständiger Fertilitätsverlust erreicht wird. Es konnte sowohl die Wirkung als Kontakt‐ sowie auch als Fraßakarizid nachgewiesen werden.
Modeling of the effect of zeolite concentration on the biological nitrification process in the presence of sulfide and organic matter (2020)

The evaluation of the nitrification kinetics in the simultaneous presence of sulfide and organic matter using zeolite as improver was the main goal of this work. According to the sensitivity and collinearity analyses, five parameters were the most sensitive in the model, whose calibrated values were: <i>μ</i> <sub>max, AOB</sub> = 0.02642 ± 0.002 h<sup>-1</sup>; <i>μ</i> <sub>max, NOB</sub> = 0.3307 ± 0.416 h<sup>-1</sup>; <i>K</i> <sub>S,NOB</sub> = 1.65·10<sup>-6</sup> ± 2.85·10<sup>-6</sup> mgHNO<sub>2</sub>-N/L; <i>k</i> <sub>S2</sub> = 0.8213 ± 0.076 and <i>n</i> = 0.6537 ± 0.030. A good fit between the experimental data and the model's results including the effect of zeolite on the kinetic parameters was obtained, with Theil inequality coefficient values between 0.109 and 0.007 for all the variables studied, with all of these values lower than 0.3. Thus, the model proposed is robust and can simulate the nitrification process in the presence of sulfide and organic matter when zeolite was used as improver.
Objective Measurements of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Using Wearable Devices in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis: Protocol for a Systematic Review (2021)

PRR1-10.2196/23359.
Effects of growth hormone on growth and muscle Na(+)-K+ pump concentration in K(+)-deficient rats (1992)

K(+)-deficient rats and control rats were injected for 16 days with saline or human growth hormone (hGH, 200 micrograms/day). hGH treatment of K(+)-deficient rats resulted in increased weight gain and soleus muscle weight. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle weight and tail and tibia length were unchanged. In control rats, hGH induced an increase in all weight and length parameters. K+ deficiency was associated with reduced serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and serum insulin but unchanged total 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (TT3) and total thyroxine. hGH treatment of the K(+)-deficient rats restored serum IGF-I, but not serum insulin, and decreased TT3. In saline-treated K(+)-deficient rats [3H]ouabain binding site concentration decreased by 44 and 39% in soleus and EDL muscle, respectively, as compared with the saline-treated controls. hGH had no effect on the [3H]ouabain binding site concentration in the K(+)-deficient group, but, in control rats, increases of 11 and 8% were observed in soleus and EDL muscle, respectively. When the increase in muscle weight was taken into account, this amounted to relative increases of 24 and 30%, respectively. Low circulating GH and IGF-I levels are not the sole explanation for the growth retardation in K+ deficiency. GH/IGF-I stimulate the synthesis of Na(+)-K+ pumps in rats with an otherwise normal hormonal status.