gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Uncertainty on Wear Measurement of Metal-on-metal Total Hip Replacement Components (2012)

Introduction:\tRecent concerns over high failure rates in some metal-on-metal hip replacement bearings have highlighted the need for a standardised approach to wear analysis of such components at retrieval.&#13;\nThere is a need for a traceable metrological approach to the quantification and characterisation of in vivo wear as currently there are a number of approaches that have been adopted in literature and industry with a greater or lesser reference paid to good and reliable measurement practice.&#13;\n&#13;\nMethod:\tThis paper shows the development of a comprehensive method for measuring the wear geometry of retrieved bearings. This is achieved using currently recognised co-ordinate metrology methods. Assessment and quantification of both the magnitude and effect of the three-dimensional measurement uncertainty on the measurement process as a whole is presented. The developed method is fully in accordance with established international standards. &#13;\n&#13;\nResults and Discussion:\tThrough initial measurements and simulated data, it has been shown that even for a CMM with a low maximum permissible error, the task-related volumetric uncertainty associated with measurement of spherical hip surfaces can be of the order of 1-2mm3. It is further shown in the data presented that uncontrolled measurement variables have a deleterious effect on the validity of the measurement result thus increasing the measurement uncertainty. With the precision required for accurate quantification of wear in new generation metal-on-metal bearing surfaces the magnitude of this uncertainty is significant.&#13;\n&#13;\nConclusion:\tAn unambiguous statement of uncertainty is vital in measuring retrieved components as a means of comparison between studies and as a measure of confidence in measurement data. It is suggested that great care be taken when performing wear measurements on retrieved bearings.
Synthesis of 5-amino-1-(3'-deoxy-.BETA.-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-imidazolethiocarboxamide. (1976)

As an interesting analog of thio-AICA-riboside (5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-4-imidazolethiocarboxamide), 3'-deoxy-thio-AICA-riboside (XV) was prepared. 5'-Acetyl-AICA-riboside (X) synthesized from Ip-AICA-riboside (VIII) was allowed to react with triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrachloride to give, after ammoniacal treatment, the 3'-chloro derivative (XI). Treatment of the compound XI with alkali gave a epoxide derivative (XVI). Hydrogenation of XI followed by acetylation gave 2', 5'-diacetyl derivative (XIII). When XIII was thiolated with phosphorus pentasulfide, 2', 5'-di-O-acetyl-thio-AICA-riboside (XIV) formed. Deacetylation of XIV with ammonia furnished XV, which did not show any significant antitumor activity.
Giant Electric Field Enhancement in Split Ring Resonators Featuring Nanometer-Sized Gaps (2015)

Today's pulsed THz sources enable us to excite, probe, and coherently control the vibrational or rotational dynamics of organic and inorganic materials on ultrafast time scales. Driven by standard laser sources THz electric field strengths of up to several MVm(-1) have been reported and in order to reach even higher electric field strengths the use of dedicated electric field enhancement structures has been proposed. Here, we demonstrate resonant electric field enhancement structures, which concentrate the incident electric field in sub-diffraction size volumes and show an electric field enhancement as high as ~14,000 at 50 GHz. These values have been confirmed through a combination of near-field imaging experiments and electromagnetic simulations.
Pathophysiology of oligodendroglial excitotoxicity (1996)

Oligodendrocyte-like cells (OLD) derived from the rat oligodendroglial precursor line, CG-4, express Ca2+-permeable non-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor channels (GluR). Exposure to kainate, an L-glutamate analogue, markedly elevates OLC Ca2+ influx and cytosolic [Ca2+], and results in damage to both OLC plasma membrane and OLC nuclear DNA. Two observations indicate that kainate-induced OLC internucleosomal DNA nicking is not simply a delayed consequence of cell necrosis: 1) there is no temporal lag between onset of plasma membrane injury and of DNA nicking; and 2) aurintricarboxylic acid, an endonuclease inhibitor, blocks kainate-induced damage to the plasma membrane. N-acetyl-L-cysteine also inhibits OLC kainate injury, suggesting that reactive oxygen species participate in OLC excitotoxicity. Kainate-induced OLC Ca2+ influx and excitotoxicity are blocked by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA), indicating that these kainate effects are mediated by AMPA-GluR. AMPA and L-glutamate fail to elicit OLC damage unless cyclothiazide, an AMPA-GluR desensitization blocker, is present. OLC express both the “flip” and “flop” forms of GluR2, GluR3, and GluR4 mRNAs, but neither flip nor flop GluR1 mRNA. These data, together with the restriction of the desensitization-blocking activity of cyclothiazide to GluR containing flip-encoded GluR subunits, and the sharply diminished Ca2+ permeability of GluR containing edited GluR2, suggest OLC excitotoxicity is mediated by AMPA-GluR that contain flip GluR3 and/or flip GluR4 protein subunits, but neither flip nor flop GluR2 protein subunits. Rapid desensitization of these GluR is likely to be important in protecting cells of the oligodendroglial lineage from excitotoxicity. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Superconducting tunnel junctions and nanorefrigeration using InAs nanowires (2017)

Työssä selvitettiin menetelmää suprajohtavien kontaktien liittämiseksi ohuen eristekerroksen avulla vahvasti n-seostettuun puolijohtavaan InAs-nanolankaan. Lisäksi tutkittiin näin luotujen tunneliliitosten soveltamista nanolankojen elektronisen lämpötilan mittaukseen ja sen jäähdyttämiseen. Nanolangat oli kasvatettu epitaksiaalisesti kultananopartikkeleiden katalysoimina, ja suprajohtavat kontaktit valmistettiin niiden päälle käyttäen tavanomaisia mikrovalmistusmenetelmiä, elektronisuihkulitografiaa ja -höyrystystystä. Aluksi langan päälle höyrystettiin ohut kerros titaania ja paksumpi kerros alumiinimangaania, joka oksidoitiin in situ eristekerroksen luomiseksi, ja lopuksi lisättiin suprajohtava alumiinikerros. Tunneliliitokset osoittautuivat lähes ideaaleiksi normaali metalli/eriste/suprajohde -liitoksiksi (NIS), joiden normaalitilan resistanssi oli yleensä 5-20 kilo-ohmia. Alumiinin suprajohtavaksi energia-aukoksi mitattiin noin D = 208 µeV, ja tätä arvoa vastaavaa pienemmillä biasointijännitteillä |eV|<D tunneliliitosten johtavuus oli jopa yli neljä suuruusluokka pienempi kuin normaalitilassa. Ainoa poikkeavuus ideaalista NIS-liitoksesta oli konduktanssikäyrässä jännitteella |eV|~D havaittavat tasanteet, jotka kuitenkin katosivat pienessä, kohtisuorassa magneettikentässä, jota sitten käytettiin kaikissa työn myöhemmissä vaiheissa. Tunneliliitokset soveltuivat hyvin lämpötilan mittaamiseen noin 200 mK:stä ylöspäin, ja niiden herkkyyttä oli helppo muuttaa biasointivirtaa säätämällä. Pienimmillään herkkyys oli -0,65 mV/K 400 mK:ssä. Liitoksia hyödynnettiin mittaamaan nanolankojen elektronisen jäähdytyksen aikaansaamaa lämpötilan alenemista, joko parhaimmillaan oli noin 10 mK ympäröivän lämpötilan ollessa 250-350 mK. Nanolankoja jäähdytettiin niiden päihin asetetuilla liitoksilla ja lämpötilaa mitattiin nanolankojen keskelle asetetuilla liitoksilla.
High dynamic range display andprojection systems (2009)

The human visual system can perceive five orders of magnitude of simultaneous dynamic range of luminance values. Recent advances in image capture and processing have made it possible to create video content at this level of dynamic range but conventional displays are unable show this rich content. Modern display and projection systems cannot deliver more than three or four orders of dynamic range and are usually limited to lower luminance values than those found in real world environments. This dissertation describes high dynamic range display and projection systems which resolve this bottleneck in the video pipeline and deliver luminance ranges to the limit of human perception. The design of these systems is based on the concept of dual modulation which combines several lower dynamic range image modulation components to achieve higher dynamic range. An overview of relevant perceptual mechanisms, viewer preference with respect to higher dynamic range images, and perceptual validation studies are discussed in addition to several implementation examples of dual modulation systems.
A Procedure for Drug Screening Without the Need to Transport Urines (1976)

A procedure was devised for screening for drug abuse in urine specimens by adsorbing the drugs onto papers loaded with ion-exchange resin. The drugs were then eluted from the papers into aqueous saline buffers, which were analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition with antisera specific for morphine, methadone, or barbiturates. The procedure combines the convenience of the ion-exchange papers with the precision and sensitivity of the immunoassay. The preliminary treatment consists of local treatment of urine specimens collected at many distant clinics with ion exchange papers that adsorb 50-65% of alkaloid drugs and 25% of barbiturates and can be shipped, after drying, in simple envelopes by regular mail to a central analytical laboratory for processing. At the central laboratory, portions of specimens are reconstituted in aqueous saline buffers, while drugs from other portions are extracted with solvents at appropriate pH. Drugs are detected in the reconstituted aqueous media by hemagglutination inhibition and spectrophotofluorimetry and confirmed in the solvent extracts by thin-layer chromatography. Recovery of labeled drugs after this treatment and urine screening data showed that the procedure is safe, convenient, and reliable in the case of opiate alkaloids, methadone, amphetamines, and phenothiazine tranquilizers but is less suitable for detection of barbiturates.
Modified TE modes of metal waveguide with integrated graphene structure in the sub‐terahertz frequency range (2016)

The dispersion equation for waveguide modes of rectangular metal waveguides containing a dielectric buffer/graphene/air gap layered structure has been derived in the approximation of perfectly conducting metal waveguide walls. Dispersion dependences of TE 0 m modes for sub‐terahertz frequencies were analysed against buffer layer thickness and Fermi energy level of graphene electrons. For the first time, it is demonstrated that the waveguide modes can be substantially modulated by tuning the electron Fermi energy level in graphene, especially near the regions of strong waveguide mode modifications. This enables the potential for future designs of amplitude and phase modulators for sub‐THz waves in metal waveguides filled with an integrated graphene structure.
5'-Nucleotidase in different populations of mouse lymphocytes. (1977)

The activity of 5'-nucleotidase in different populations of intact lymphocytes was studied using biochemical, cytochemical and radioautographic methods. In some strains of mice the results showed a consistent difference in 5'-nucleotidase (AMPase) content between intact thymic and splenic lymphocytes. In the R III, C 57, BALB/c, CBA and Cd-1 strains AMPase activity in the isolated splenic cells was foru to 10 times the activity of intact thymocytes. In highly enriched populations of splenic T and B cells the average AMPase activity was about the same. From separate assays it was seen that the AMPase activity in highly enriched populations of lymphoctes was variable so that within one experiment the T cells seemed to have the higher AMPase activity while in other experiments B cells shown to be more active than T cells. Ultrastructural radioautography was done to count AMPase positive cells within T and B cell populations, the latter identified b binding of I125-labelled anti-immunoglobulin. It was seen that about 50% of B cells, but only about 10% of T cells, were positive for AMPase. It is suggested that there is a subpopulation within B and T cell populations with a high membrane AMPase activity and another subpopulation with less or no enzyme activity. It is also suggested that the activity and/or the proportion of these positive cells is changing within the splenic cell population. By using cortisone to deplete the immature cells from the thymus it was seen that the remaining mature cells have about the same AMPase activity as did the immaturecells, and thus mature T cells must gain their high acitivity after leaving the thymus. By incubating splenic lymphocytes with Concanavalin A it was also seen that the immature transformed cells had the same amount of enzyme as did untransformed cells.
Subconjunctival Immunization of Mice for Inducing IgE Antibody Response in Parotic Lymph Node (1996)

Subconjunctival immunization of mice with dinitrophenyl (DNP)-Ascaris plus alum led to the induction of a local anti-DNP IgE response in 8 days. Anti-DNP IgE was found to be secreted from isolated lymphocytes in the parotic lymph node neighboring the immunization site but not from those in the spleen and the mesenteric lymph node. The IgE response was also confirmed by the detection of C epsilon transcript in the parotic lymph node cells. Ocular topical application of betamethazone resulted in considerable suppression of the IgE response in the parotic lymph node, thus suggesting that this immunization protocol is useful for evaluating ocular topical anti-allergic drugs that are expected to suppress local IgE responses.
Optimal Vehicle Control for Fuel Efficiency (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;CONVENIENT is a project where prediction and integrated control are applied on several subsystems with electrified actuators.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The technologies developed in this project are applied to a long-haul tractor and semi-trailer combination. A Volvo truck meeting the Eu6 emission standard is rebuilt with a number of controllable electrified actuators. An e-Horizon system collects information about future road topography and speed limits. Controllable aerodynamic wind deflectors reduce the wind drag. The tractor is also equipped with a full digital cluster for human machine interface development.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A primary project goal is to develop a model-based optimal controller that uses predictive information from the e-Horizon system in order to minimize fuel consumption. Several energy buffers are controlled in an integrated and optimal way using model predictive control. Several buffers are considered, such as the cooling system, the battery, and the vehicle kinetic energy. This paper presents details on the model predictive controller of the battery system and of the cooling system.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Another project goal is to reduce fuel consumption by using adaptive aerodynamics. Controllers are developed that automatically sets an optimal roof deflector angle and the optimal side deflector angle. The results presented in this paper are encouraging.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A third focus is the human machine interface and especially the communication between the driver and the control system during driving. This project develops a driver interface that encourages the driver to use the adaptive cruise controller when appropriate.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The CONVENIENT project will be finalized this year. This paper presents the main project findings.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Developing Applications with Visual Studio .NET (2002)

Developing applications with Visual Studio.NET is an in-depth guide that takes Windows programming to the next level: creating.NET application that leverage the prior knowledge and experience of C++ Win32 programmers. The .NET framework supplies programmers with rich standard run-time services, supports the development of Web-based services, and provides both inter-language and inter-machine interoperability. Programmers can now focus on creating more complex, more distributed, and more Web-enabled application.
Post-mortem findings in critically ill patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (2015)

Despite the high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients, studies evaluating histopathological renal findings in these patients yielded inconsistent results. No studied specifically evaluated renal histology in intensive care unit (ICU) patients treated by continuos renal replacement therapy for severe AKI.
Six Sigma and simulation, so what's the correlation? (2003)

This paper explores the fundamental relationships between Six Sigma and simulation. A basic overview of Six Sigma includes: 1. Six Sigma philosophy, 2. Basic tools, 3. Theory of variation, 4. SPC, 5. Process capability, 6. Six Sigma infrastructure, and 7. DMAIC and DFSS processes. Simulation is applied to the appropriate areas of the overview. Improvement in the robustness of the Six Sigma methodology is discussed and the strengths of simulation are presented as capable and preferable enhancements to the Six Sigma processes. Quotes from Six Sigma and industry leaders are presented. Simulation is presented as an innovation tool enhancing the Six Sigma DMAIC and DFSS processes.
Quantum Simulation of Electronic Structure with Linear Depth and Connectivity (2018)

As physical implementations of quantum architectures emerge, it is increasingly important to consider the cost of algorithms for practical connectivities between qubits. We show that by using an arrangement of gates that we term the fermionic swap network, we can simulate a Trotter step of the electronic structure Hamiltonian in exactly N depth and with N^{2}/2 two-qubit entangling gates, and prepare arbitrary Slater determinants in at most N/2 depth, all assuming only a minimal, linearly connected architecture. We conjecture that no explicit Trotter step of the electronic structure Hamiltonian is possible with fewer entangling gates, even with arbitrary connectivities. These results represent significant practical improvements on the cost of most Trotter-based algorithms for both variational and phase-estimation-based simulation of quantum chemistry.
BRK Phosphorylates SMAD4 for proteasomal degradation and inhibits tumor suppressor FRK to control SNAIL, SLUG and metastatic potential (2018)

Abstract The tumor-suppressing function of SMAD4 is frequently subverted during mammary tumorigenesis, leading to cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. A long-standing concept is that SMAD4 is not regulated by phosphorylation but ubiquitination. Interestingly, our search for signaling pathways regulated by BRK, a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that is up-regulated in ∼80% of invasive ductal breast tumors, led us to discover that BRK competitively binds and phosphorylates SMAD4, and regulates TGF-β/ SMAD4 signaling pathway. A constitutively active BRK (BRK-Y447F), phosphorylates SMAD4 resulting in its recognition by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which accelerates SMAD4 degradation. In agreement, we also observed an inverse protein expression pattern of BRK and SMAD4 in a panel of breast cancer cell lines and breast tumors. Activated BRK mediated degradation of SMAD4 causes the repression of tumor suppressor genes FRK that was associated with increased expression of mesenchymal markers and decreased cell adhesion ability. Thus, our data suggest that combination therapies targeting activated BRK signaling may have synergized the benefits in the treatment of SMAD4 repressed cancers. Therefore, our data propose that combination therapies which includes targeting activated BRK signaling may synergize the benefits in the treatment of SMAD4 deficient cancers.
Analysis of antitumor active OSW‐1 and its analogues by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry (2007)

Three cholestane glycosides including OSW-1 with antitumor activity and two new analogues with modified steroidal side chains, thienyl OSW-1 and silylated thienyl OSW-1, were synthesized. Analyses were performed using optimized, reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS). The ionization mode and polarity, cone voltage, and chromatographic conditions were evaluated. The optimum LC/MS conditions to obtain valuable ions, indispensable for identifying the structures, are described. The key fragmentation pathways, which will be useful for confirming the detailed structures of steroidal glycosides, are also proposed.
Macromolecular engineering of polylactones and polylactides. 4. Mechanism and kinetics of lactide homopolymerization by aluminum isopropoxide (1991)

peer reviewed
An engineered biosensor enables dynamic aspartate measurements in living cells (2023)

Intracellular levels of the amino acid aspartate are responsive to changes in metabolism in mammalian cells and can correspondingly alter cell function, highlighting the need for robust tools to measure aspartate abundance. However, comprehensive understanding of aspartate metabolism has been limited by the throughput, cost, and static nature of the mass spectrometry based measurements that are typically employed to measure aspartate levels. To address these issues, we have developed a GFP-based sensor of aspartate (jAspSnFR3), where the fluorescence intensity corresponds to aspartate concentration. As a purified protein, the sensor has a 20-fold increase in fluorescence upon aspartate saturation, with dose dependent fluorescence changes covering a physiologically relevant aspartate concentration range and no significant off target binding. Expressed in mammalian cell lines, sensor intensity correlated with aspartate levels measured by mass spectrometry and could resolve temporal changes in intracellular aspartate from genetic, pharmacological, and nutritional manipulations. These data demonstrate the utility of jAspSnFR3 and highlight the opportunities it provides for temporally resolved and high throughput applications of variables that affect aspartate levels.
Cytokine/neurotrophin interaction in the aged central nervous system (2000)

Age-associated neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease are characterised by neuronal impairment that leads to cognitive deficits. As certain affected neurons depend on trophic factors such as neurotrophins (NTs), impairment in NT function has been suggested to be a component of neuronal damage associated with such disorders. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases are also characterised by high levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in the CNS. Because TNFalpha receptors and certain NT receptors share a high degree of homology and are capable of activating similar signalling pathways, one possibility is that altered cytokine levels may affect NT function in the aged or diseased CNS. Here we wish briefly to review the evidence suggesting a role for cytokine and NT in the onset of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. We propose that cytokine/NT interactions may alter neuronal homeostasis, thus possibly contributing to some of the neuronal degeneration occurring during such age-associated CNS diseases.