gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in research into the Cyathostominae and Anoplocephala perfoliata (2004)

Intestinal helminths are an important cause of equine disease. Of these parasites, the Cyathostominae are the commonest group that infect horses. These nematodes consist of a complex tribe of 51 species, although individual horses tend to harbour 10 or so common species, in addition to a few rarer species. The Cyathostominae can be extremely pathogenic, and high levels of infection result in clinical symptoms ranging from chronic weight loss to colic, diarrhoea and death. As part of their life cycle, immature cyathostomins penetrate the large intestinal wall, where they can enter a state of inhibited larval development. These larvae can exist in this state for months to years, after which they subsequently re-emerge. If larvae re-emerge in large numbers (i.e. several million), severe pathological consequences ensue. The inhibited larvae are also relatively refractory to several of the currently available anthelmintics, so that horses treated previously with anthelmintics can still carry life-threatening burdens of these parasitic stages. Little is known about the cyathostomin larvae during their mucosal phase, and current research efforts are focused on investigating the biology of these stages. Much of the research described here highlights this area of research and details studies aimed at investigating the host immune responses that the mucosal larvae invoke. As part of this research effort, molecular tools have been developed to facilitate the identification of larval and egg stages of cyathostomins. These molecular tools are now proving very useful in the investigation of the relative contributions that individual, common cyathostomin species make to the pathology and epidemiology of mixed helminth infections. At the more applied level, research is also in progress to develop an immunodiagnostic test that will allow numbers of mucosal larvae to be estimated. This test utilises antigen-specific IgG(T) serum antibody responses as markers of infection. As anthelmintic resistance will be the major constraint on the future control of the Cyathostominae, researchers are now actively investigating this area and studies aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance are described. Another parasite which has assumed a clinically important role in horses is the tapeworm, Anoplocephala perfoliata. This parasite is prevalent world-wide and has been shown to be a significant cause of equine colic. Because previous methods of estimating the infection intensity of tapeworm were inaccurate, recent research has been directed at developing an immunodiagnostic ELISA for these cestodes. Specific IgG(T) responses to antigens secreted by adult tapeworms have been shown to provide a reasonable indication of infection intensity. An ELISA based on these responses is now commercially available. The steps involved in the development of this ELISA are described here. In addition to these recent advances in research, this review also outlines the principle areas for future research into these important equine parasites.
Effects of methylation-sensitive enzymes on the enrichment of genic SNPs and the degree of genome complexity reduction in a two-enzyme genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach: a case study in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) (2016)

Advances in next generation sequencing have facilitated a large-scale single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery in many crop species. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach couples next generation sequencing with genome complexity reduction techniques to simultaneously identify and genotype SNPs. Choice of enzymes used in GBS library preparation depends on several factors including the number of markers required, the desired level of multiplexing, and whether the enrichment of genic SNP is preferred. We evaluated various combinations of methylation-sensitive (<i>Aat</i>II, <i>Pst</i>I, <i>Msp</i>I) and methylation-insensitive (<i>Sph</i>I, <i>Mse</i>I) enzymes for their effectiveness in genome complexity reduction and enrichment of genic SNPs. We discovered that the use of two methylation-sensitive enzymes effectively reduced genome complexity and did not require a size selection step. On the contrary, the genome coverage of libraries constructed with methylation-insensitive enzymes was quite high, and the additional size selection step may be required to increase the overall read depth. We also demonstrated the effectiveness of methylation-sensitive enzymes in enriching for SNPs located in genic regions. When two methylation-insensitive enzymes were used, only 16% of SNPs identified were located in genes and 18% in the vicinity (± 5 kb) of the genic regions, while most SNPs resided in the intergenic regions. In contrast, a remarkable degree of enrichment was observed when two methylation-sensitive enzymes were employed. Almost two thirds of the SNPs were located either inside (32-36%) or in the vicinity (28-31%) of the genic regions. These results provide useful information to help researchers choose appropriate GBS enzymes in oil palm and other crop species.
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2013)

The CHI Papers and Notes program is continuing to grow along with many of our sister conferences. We are pleased that CHI is still the leading venue for research in human-computer interaction. CHI 2013 continued the use of subcommittees to manage the review process. Authors selected the subcommittee they believed was best qualified to review their work: For clarity, we retained the same committee identifiers as last year. Due to the continuing growth in submissions, we split several subcommittees into more manageable sizes. We are pleased with the subcommittee process: By dividing the work, each paper received much more careful discussion than would otherwise have been possible. This year we had 1963 total submissions, including 1347 papers and 617 notes, representing a 24% growth over last year. We accepted 392 submissions (20%): 316 papers and 76 notes. The CHI review process demands a tremendous amount of work from all areas of the human-computer interaction community. As co-chairs of the process, we are amazed at the ability of the community to organize itself to accomplish this task. We would like to thank the 2680 individual reviewers for their careful consideration of these papers. We also deeply appreciate the huge amount of time donated to this process by the 211-member program committee, who paid their own way to attend the face-to-face program committee meeting, an event larger than the average ACM conference. We are proud of the work of the CHI 2013 program committee and hope that you enjoy these papers and notes, which represent the best research in human-computer interaction.
Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue and the source of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the mucosa. (1980)

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue has major morphologic and functional similarities to Peyer's patches found in the gut. Both possess a lymphoepithelium with selective antigen sampling properties, both appear in the apparent absence of direct antigen stimulation, both contain a high percentage of cells bearing IgA sdurface immunoglobulin and both can repopulate the bronchial and gut lamina propria with IgA containing cells. Good evidence now exists (and will be reviewed) in support of the concept of a common mucosal immunologic system. Cells potentially sensitized at or in a mucosal tissue such as the gut or lung would then migrate to the draining lymph node, thence into the circulation and localize in a variety of mucosal tissues. Factors involved but not essential for such localization include antigen. Lymphoblasts derived from the lung tend to go back to the lung. Similarly, gut derived lymphoblasts have a predilection for the gut. However, available evidence supports the concept of integrated systemic and mucosal immune systems. Several factors must be taken into account in analysis of the products of local mucosal immune reactions and in developing approaches to achieve optimal humoral immunity at any mucosal surface.
All-semiconductor high-speed akinetic swept-source for OCT (2011)

A novel swept-wavelength laser for optical coherence tomography (OCT) using a monolithic semiconductor device with no moving parts is presented. The laser is a Vernier-Tuned Distributed Bragg Reflector (VT-DBR) structure exhibiting a single longitudinal mode. All-electronic wavelength tuning is achieved at a 200 kHz sweep repetition rate, 20 mW output power, over 100 nm sweep width and coherence length longer than 40 mm. OCT point-spread functions with 45- 55 dB dynamic range are demonstrated; lasers at 1550 nm, and now 1310 nm, have been developed. Because the laser's long-term tuning stability allows for electronic sample trigger generation at equal k-space intervals (electronic k-clock), the laser does not need an external optical k-clock for measurement interferometer sampling. The non-resonant, allelectronic tuning allows for continuously adjustable sweep repetition rates from mHz to 100s of kHz. Repetition rate duty cycles are continuously adjustable from single-trigger sweeps to over 99% duty cycle. The source includes a monolithically integrated power leveling feature allowing flat or Gaussian power vs. wavelength profiles. Laser fabrication is based on reliable semiconductor wafer-scale processes, leading to low and rapidly decreasing cost of manufacture.
Evidence for B-s((*)) (B)over-bar(s)((*)) - Production at the Upsilon (5S) resonance (2005)

We use data collected by the CLEO III detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring to measure the inclusive yields of D-s mesons as B(Upsilon(5S)-&gt; DsX)=(44.7 +/- 4.2 +/- 9.9)% and B(Upsilon(4S)-&gt; DsX)=(18.1 +/- 0.5 +/- 2.8)%. From these measurements, we make a model dependent estimate of the ratio of B-s((*)) (B) over bar ((*))(s) to the total b (b) over bar quark pair production of (16.0 +/- 2.6 +/- 5.8)% at the Upsilon(5S) energy.
Testing the Keynesian Proposition of Twin Deficits in the Presence of Trade Liberalisation: Evidence from Sri Lanka (2008)

This paper examines the long-run and short-run relationships between the current account deficit, budget deficit, savings and investment gap and trade openness in Sri Lanka using the autoregressive distributive lagged (ARDL) approach. The time series properties of the variables, in the presence of endogenous structural breaks, was previously analysed using Perron’s (1997) additive outlier (AO) and innovational outlier (IO) models. The empirical analysis supports the Keynesian view that a link exists between the current account, budget deficit and savings and investment gap. We found that trade openness has a positive effect on the current account deficit, but is statistically insignificant, and offer some strategies to stabilise the budget deficit and current account deficits in Sri Lanka.
AMP-activated protein kinase: a cellular energy sensor with a key role in metabolic disorders and in cancer (2011)

It is essential to life that a balance is maintained between processes that produce ATP and those that consume it. An obvious way to do this would be to have systems that monitor the levels of ATP and ADP, although because of the adenylate kinase reaction (2ADP↔ATP+AMP), AMP is actually a more sensitive indicator of energy stress than ADP. Following the discoveries that glycogen phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase were regulated by AMP and ATP, Daniel Atkinson proposed that all enzymes at branch points between biosynthesis and degradation would be regulated by adenine nucleotides. This turned out to be correct, but what Atkinson did not anticipate was that sensing of nucleotides would, in most cases, be performed not by the metabolic enzymes themselves, but by a signalling protein, AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase). AMPK occurs in essentially all eukaryotes and consists of heterotrimeric complexes comprising catalytic α subunits and regulatory β and γ subunits, of which the latter carries the nucleotide-binding sites. Once activated by a metabolic stress, it phosphorylates numerous targets that alter enzyme activity and gene expression to initiate corrective responses. In lower eukaryotes, it is critically involved in the responses to starvation for a carbon source. Because of its ability to switch cellular metabolism from anabolic to catabolic mode, AMPK has become a key drug target to combat metabolic disorders associated with overnutrition such as Type 2 diabetes, and some existing anti-diabetic drugs (e.g. metformin) and many 'nutraceuticals' work by activating AMPK, usually via inhibition of mitochondrial ATP production. AMPK activators also potentially have anticancer effects, and there is already evidence that metformin provides protection against the initiation of cancer. Whether AMPK activators can be used to treat existing cancer is less clear, because many tumour cells appear to have been selected for mutations that inactivate the AMPK system. However, if we can identify the various mechanisms by which this occurs, we may be able to find ways of overcoming it.
Injectable platelet‐rich fibrin and microneedling for gingival augmentation in thin periodontal phenotype: A randomized controlled clinical trial (2020)

In individuals with thin periodontal phenotypes, standalone i-PRF and i-PRF with MN may have an influence in increasing GT. The results suggest that application of i-PRF and MN may be a first step of non-surgical method for increasing gingival thickness.
Search forD0−D¯0mixing using doubly flavor tagged semileptonic decay modes (2007)

We have searched for ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{-}{\overline{D}}^{0}$ mixing in ${D}^{*+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{D}^{0}$ decays with ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{(*)}e\ensuremath{\nu}$ in a sample of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c\overline{c}$ events produced near 10.58 GeV. The charge of the slow pion from charged ${D}^{*}$ decay tags the charm flavor at production, and it is required to be consistent with the flavor of a fully reconstructed second charm decay in the same event. We observe 3 mixed candidates compared to 2.85 background events expected from simulation. We ascribe a 50% systematic uncertainty to this expected background rate. We find a central value for the mixing rate of $0.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. Using a frequentist method, we set corresponding 68% and 90% confidence intervals at $(\ensuremath{-}5.6,7.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and $(\ensuremath{-}13,12)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, respectively.
The Incorporation of Amplified Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence in a CMOS-Based Biosensor Increased the Detection Sensitivity of a DNA Marker of the Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (2020)

Half of the global agricultural fresh produce is lost, mainly because of rots that are caused by various pathogenic fungi. In this study, a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based biosensor was developed, which integrates specific DNA strands that allow the detection of enoyl-CoA-hydratase/isomerase, which is a quiescent marker of <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> fungi. The developed biosensor mechanism is based on the metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) phenomenon, which is amplified by depositing silver onto a glass surface. A surface DNA strand is then immobilized on the surface, and in the presence of the target mRNA within the sample, the reporter DNA strand that is linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme will also bind to it. The light signal that is later produced from the HRP enzyme and its substrate is enhanced and detected by the coupled CMOS sensor. Several parameters that affect the silver-deposition procedure were examined, including silver solution temperature and volume, heating mode, and the tank material. Moreover, the effect of blocking treatment (skim milk or bovine serum albumin (BSA)) on the silver-layer stability and nonspecific DNA absorption was tested. Most importantly, the effect of the deposition reaction duration on the silver-layer formation and the MEF amplification was also investigated. In the study findings a preferred silver-deposition reaction duration was identified as 5-8 min, which increased the deposition of silver on the glass surface up to 13-times, and also resulted in the amplification of the MEF phenomenon with a maximum light signal of 50 relative light units (RLU). It was found that MEF can be amplified by a customized silver-deposition procedure that results in increased detection sensitivity. The implementation of the improved conditions increased the biosensor sensitivity to 3.3 nM (4500 RLU) with a higher detected light signal as compared to the initial protocol (400 RLU). Moreover, the light signal was amplified 18.75-, 11.11-, 5.5-, 11.25-, and 3.75-times in the improved protocol for all the tested concentrations of the target DNA strand of 1000, 100, 10, 3.3, and 2 nM, respectively. The developed biosensor system may allow the detection of the pathogenic fungus in postharvest produce and determine its pathogenicity state.
Relationship between Different Species of Helminths and Atopy: A Study in a Population Living in Helminth-Endemic Area in Sulawesi, Indonesia (2010)

In a general population, across all ages in a rural area of Indonesia, the prevalence of skin test reactivity to house dust mite is as low as in other non-affluent countries, and infection with B. malayi appears to reduce the risk of skin reactivity to cockroach. On the other hand, we found no association between infection with intestinal helminths and skin test reactivity to aeroallergens.
Low-loss fibre prepared under high deposition rate by modified c.v.d. technique (1977)

Graded-index fibres with a GeO2-P2O5-SiO2 core have been prepared by a modified c.v.d. and drawing process. The deposition rate of the core glass was 0.17 cm3/min (0.37 g/min), and the fibres have an attenuation of 2.6 dB/km at 0.83 μm and a 6 dB bandwidth of 816 MHz km.
Orientation dependence of domain wall properties in FePt (2006)

Since the phenomenon of superparamagnetism has been identified as one of the general limits of magnetic recording a significant research effort has been invested in the development of magnetic materials with a large anisotropy. Recent progress in the fabrication and characterization of FePt in the chemically ordered L10 phase puts even more emphasis on the understanding of high-anisotropy FePt. A characteristic length scale for any given magnetic material is the domain wall width which is of special importance for the understanding of the switching properties of nanoparticles and, hence, also for the understanding of the onset of superparamagnetism. In the following, we calculate domain wall profiles and energies for L10 FePt starting from first principles.
Modified gradient approach to inverse scattering for binary objects in stratified media (1996)

International audience
Enabling Efficient 5G NR and 4G LTE Coexistence (2019)

Reports on the ability to manage the coexistence of fifth generation mobile communications new radio (5G NR) and 4th generation mobile communications (4G).
A method for reasoning with structured and continuous attributes in the INLEN-2 multistrategy knowledge discovery system (1996)

Structured attributes have domains (value sets) that are partially ordered sets, typically hierarchies. Such attributes allow knowledge discovery about hierarchical relationships among attribute values. Inductive generalization rules for structured attributes have been developed that take into consideration the type of nodes in the domain hierarchy (anchor or non-anchor) and the type of decision rules to be generated (characteristic, discriminant or minimum complexity). These generalization rules enhance the ability of knowledge discovery system INLEN-2 to exploit the semantic content of the domain knowledge in the process of generating hypotheses. If the dependent attribute (e.g., a decision attribute) is structured, the system generates a system of hierarchically organized rules representing relationships between the values of this attribute and independent attributes. Such a situation often occurs in practice when the decision to be assigned to a situation can be at different levels of abstraction (e.g., this is a liver disease, or this is a liver cancer). Continuous attributes (e.g., physical measurements) are quantized into a hierarchy of values (ranges of values arranged into different levels). These methods are illustrated by an example concerning the discovery of patterns in world economics and demographics.
Classifying words for improved statistical language models (2002)

A method for assigning a word to many classes based on the context in which the word occurs is presented. A trigram language model is used to determine the classes which are called statistical synonyms for that word. This classification method is used to build an adaptive language model that incorporates unknown words after their first occurrence by using their statistical synonyms in determining the model's probabilities for the added words. It is shown that the dynamic coverage of the language model increases significantly with a rather low perplexity on the added words.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of cis‐ and trans‐N‐Methyl‐ and N‐Benzyl‐4,S‐ and ‐5,6‐tetramethylenetetrahydro‐1,3‐oxazines. An X‐Ray Study of N‐Benzyl‐cis‐4,5‐tetramethylenetetrahydro‐1,3‐oxazinium Picrate. (1985)

Abstract Aus den isomeren 2‐Aminocyclohexancarbonsäureestern (I) werden durch Reduktion der Benzoylaminoverbindungen (III) mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid oder der Urethane (V) die 2‐Amino‐hydroxymethylcyclohexane (IV) hergestellt.
First Principles Study of the Stability and Diffusion Mechanism of a Carbon Vacancy in the Vicinity of a SiO2/4H–SiC Interface (2019)

The carbon vacancy in bulk 4H‐SiC and in the vicinity of an SiO 2 /(0001)‐4H‐SiC interface using density‐functional theory is studied. It is found that the migration is hindered in the immediate vicinity of the interface, with the energy barrier for diffusion being ≈15% greater than the same defect in bulk 4H‐SiC. Herein, it is shown that the increased barrier is a consequence of the stabilization of the vacancy in the immediate interface due to a combination of strengthened reconstructions and interfacial relaxation, coupled with the destabilization of the transition‐state structure.