gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of linear digital filters based on morphological representation theory (1994)

Recent advances in mathematical morphology have led to a representation theory that covers increasing linear translation invariant (ILTI) filters as a subclass of morphological filters. The representation is based on supremum, minimum, and addition operations, and does not require any multiplications. However, this representation has not been practical because its essence is to evaluate the supremum of a set with an infinite number of elements. Based on the previously developed morphological representation, we present a finite max-min representation for ILTI filters. The new representation does not require the use of multipliers and is practical, in the sense that it consists of a finite number of maximum, minimum, and addition operations. The proposed max-min representation is modified to cover FIR linear shift invariant filters in general. The modified representation requires only one multiplication per output sample and has lower computational complexity than the max-min representation. Other related topics such as duality, roundoff noise, and implementation are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transcriptional Activation and Redox Regulation of the Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Promoter in Human T Cells: Role of the CRE/κ3 Promoter Region (1998)

Aberrancies in T cell expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are frequently observed in inflammatory states characterized by oxidative stress due to excessive generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we examined the possible effects of oxidative stress on the expression of TNF-alpha protein and transcriptional activation of the TNF-alpha promoter in human T cells. Results show that exposure of resting T cells to micromolar concentrations of H2O2 did not induce TNF-alpha protein production or transcriptional activation of the TNF-alpha promoter. However, oxidative signals resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of TNF-alpha protein production and transcriptional activation in T cells stimulated with the lectin phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Optimal suppression of TNF-alpha promoter activity was observed when cells were exposed to oxidative stress during early T cell activation, and other experiments demonstrated that the transactivation responses of the TNF-alpha promoter were quite susceptible to inhibition by both oxidative and reducing changes in cellular redox. Furthermore, reporter gene assays with 5' deletion mutants of the TNF-alpha promoter showed that the CRE/kappa3 composite site played a major role in activation of the TNF-alpha promoter by dual stimulatory signals and suppression of the TNF-alpha promoter by oxidative signals. Thus, T cell expression of TNF-alpha at the protein and transcriptional levels is highly regulated by changes in cellular redox, and the CRE/kappa3 composite site is important for both activation and redox regulation of the TNF-alpha promoter.
Indole–diterpenoid profiles of Claviceps paspali and Claviceps purpurea from high‐resolution Fourier transform Orbitrap mass spectrometry (2014)

This study demonstrates for the first time that C. purpurea may also produce indole-diterpenoids. This might explain why grazing of Phalaris spp. is occasionally connected with a tremorgenic syndrome in cattle, called 'phalaris staggers'.
Genetic Epidemiological Approaches to the Search for Osteoporosis Genes (2000)

Important progress has been made in the identification of specific environmental factors and estimation of hereditary components in bone density, quantitative ultrasound (QUS), and bone turnover indices. By contrast, the search for specific genes that regulate bone mass has progressed rather slowly, and the results are more difficult to interpret and reproduce. This article reviews the genetics of osteoporosis and problems plaguing genetic research. It is argued that the search for genes involved in the expression of osteoporotic phenotypes should be based on linkage studies in relatively homogeneous populations. Strategies for increasing the power of studies, such as making use of information from extended pedigrees and multivariate analysis, are discussed. With the advent of a comprehensive human genetic linkage map, a complete identification of genes for osteoporosis appears feasible. Understanding the genetic mechanisms and their interactions with environmental factors should allow more focused and cost-effective osteoporosis prevention and treatment strategies.
Multifrequency synthesis using two coupled nonlinear oscillator arrays (2005)

We illustrate a scheme that exploits the theory of symmetry-breaking bifurcations for generating a spatio-temporal pattern in which one of two interconnected arrays, each with N Van der Pol oscillators, oscillates at N times the frequency of the other. A bifurcation analysis demonstrates that this type of frequency generation cannot be realized without the mutual interaction between the two arrays. It is also demonstrated that the mechanism for generating these frequencies between the two arrays is different from that of a master-slave interaction, a synchronization effect, or that of subharmonic and ultraharmonic solutions generated by forced systems. This kind of frequency generation scheme can find applications in the developed field of nonlinear antenna and radar systems.
Improvement of vehicle roll stability by varying suspension properties (2010)

Vehicle roll dynamics are strongly influenced by suspension properties such as roll centre height, roll steer, and roll camber. In this paper, the effects of suspension properties on vehicle roll response have been investigated using a multi-body vehicle dynamics programme. Roll dynamics of a vehicle model with MacPherson (front) and multilink (rear) suspensions were evaluated for the fishhook manoeuvre and variations of its roll response due to changes in the suspension properties were assessed by quantitatively analysing the vehicle response through simulation. Critical suspension design parameters for vehicle roll dynamics were identified and adjusted to improve roll stability of the vehicle model with passive suspension. Design of experiments has been used for identifying critical hardpoints affecting the suspension parameters, and optimisation techniques were employed for parameter optimisation. This approach provides a viable alternative to costlier active control systems for economy-class vehicles.
Interpretation of Deviations from NEO-Hookean Elasticity by a Two-Network Model with Crosslinks and Trapped Entanglements (1978)

Abstract Deviations from neo-Hookean elasticity in crosslinked rubbers, as measured by the ratio ψ=C 2 /(C 1 +C 2 ) where C 1 and C 2 are the Mooney-Rivlin coefficients, have been found to be represented by a single function of f N , which is the ratio of network strands terminated by trapped entanglements to the total number of strands terminated by either trapped entanglements or crosslinks. It is assumed that the structure can be represented by a two-network model in which the crosslink network is neo-Hookean and the network of trapped entanglements is Mooney-Rivlin. The ratio f N is calculated from literature data for C 1 and C 2 and entanglement spacing derived from data on the uncrosslinked rubbers together with the Langley theory for the probability of entanglement trapping. Results are obtained for five polymers with different entanglement spacings over considerable ranges of degree of crosslinking and molecular weight before crosslinking, both of which influence the extent of entanglement trapping. The calculation is also applied to poly (dimethylsiloxane) networks crosslinked in the presence of diluent. The results show why, in various different investigations, C 2 has been observed to increase, decrease, or remain approximately constant with increasing C 1 or degree of crosslinking.
Effect of Relative Density on a Compressive Deformation Rate in Chromium Carbide Composite(Cr3C2+Cr7C3)and the Reliability in the Strength. (1991)

ty on a Compressive Deformation Rate in Chromium Carbide Composite (Cr3C2 + Cr7C3)
EFFICACY OF TWICE‐DAILY AMOXYCILLIN/CLAVULANATE (‘AUGMENTIN‐DUO’ 400/57) IN MILD TO MODERATE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION IN CHILDREN (1996)

A new amoxycillin/clavulanate regimen ('Augmentin-Duo' 400/57), to be given orally in two divided doses, has been proposed to overcome the inconvenience of tid dosing. This observer-blind, multicentre study randomised children aged two to 12 years with lower respiratory tract infection to seven days' treatment with either amoxycillin/clavulanate bid at a dose of 25/3.6mg/kg/day (221 patients) or the currently prescribed amoxycillin/clavulanate regimen of 20/5mg/kg/day tid (216 patients). Clinical success (cure) rates at follow up were 81.0% for the bid group and 77.8% for the tid group [difference 3.2%; 95% CI (-4.36, 10.80)], indicating that the regimens were of equivalent efficacy. Both regimens were well tolerated, and there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse experiences between the two groups. Compliance with study medication was high and similar for both groups (80% compliance: bid 90.0%; tid 87.0%).
The meaning of concurrent programs (2008)

The semantics of assignment and mutual exclusion in concurrent and multi-core/multi-processor systems is presented with attention to low level architectural features in an attempt to make the presentation realistic. Recursive functions on event sequences are used to define state dependent functions and variables in ordinary (non-formal-method) algebra.
Environmental impact, health hazards, and plant-microbes synergism in remediation of emerging contaminants (2022)

Emerging contaminants (ECs) are chemicals occurring naturally or by anthropogenic activities that have the possibility to go through the environment and pose detrimental biological and human health repercussions. Pharmaceuticals, biocides, flame retardants, disinfection byproducts, and microbiological poisons are providing a new and significant challenge to existing treatment procedures. Thus, important considerable research and development efforts have been made in the last two decades and continues to improve the effectiveness of various remediation techniques for addressing rising environmental threats. The present review discusses the phytoremediation approaches to remediate ECs from the polluted aquatic and terrestrial environment. These methods are sustainable and eco-friendly solutions for cleanup of various ECs from polluted soil, water, and air. This review also summarizes the fate, behavior, monitoring, ecological, and health issues connected with emerging contaminants, biological and micro contaminants present in soils, groundwater, and freshwater as well as the latest possibility for their removal. Efforts have also been made to cover the function of plant growth promoting bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of plants and its exopolysaccharides and biosurfactant which enhanced the rate of remediation process in a synergistic mechanism.
Stereochemistry of Aluminum Chloride Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Methylcyclohexenes (1990)

Novel aluminum chloride catalyzed hydrosilylation of 1-methylcyclohexene with dimethylchlorosilane proceeds regioselectively and in a trans manner to give cis-2-methyl-1-(dimethylchlorosilyl)cyclohexane, which is converted to cis-2-methylcyclohexanol for structure identification by the oxidative cleavage of the Si-C bond with retention of configuration.
Cell wall antibodies without immunization: generation and use of de‐esterified homogalacturonan block‐specific antibodies from a naive phage display library (1999)

Homogalacturonan (HG) is a multi-functional pectic polysaccharide of primary cell walls involved in calcium cross-linking and gel formation, and the regulation of ionic status and porosity of the cell wall matrix, and is a source of oligosaccharins functioning in development and defence. Phase display monoclonal antibodies with specificity for de-esterified stretches ('blocks') of pectic HG have been isolated from a naive phage display library without the need for immunization of animals or conjugation of an oligosaccharide to protein. These antibodies, designated PAM1 and PAM2, bind specifically to de-esterified and un-substituted HG. Assays with a series of pectins de-esterified by the action of plant or fungal pectin methyl esterases indicated that the antibodies were specific to de-esterified blocks resulting from the blockwise action of plant pectin methyl esterases. Analysis of antibody binding to a series of oligogalacturonides indicated that optimal binding required in the region of 30 de-esterified GalA residues. The recognition of such a large epitope by these antibodies allows the HG block architecture of primary cell walls to be identified and localized for the first time. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies with high specificity and avidity to cell wall epitopes can be generated using a 'single pot' phage display approach.
Strategies for High-Throughput Gene Cloning and Expression (2006)

High-throughput approaches for gene cloning and expression require the development of new, nonstandard tools for use by molecular biologists and biochemists. We have developed and implemented a series of methods that enable the production of expression constructs in 96-well plate format. A screening process is described that facilitates the identification of bacterial clones expressing soluble protein. Application of the solubility screen then provides a plate map that identifies the location of wells containing clones producing soluble proteins. A series of semi-automated methods can then be applied for validation of solubility and production of freezer stocks for the protein production group. This process provides an 80% success rate for the identification of clones producing soluble protein and results in a significant decrease in the level of effort required for the labor-intensive components of validation and preparation of freezer stocks. This process is customized for large-scale structural genomics programs that rely on the production of large amounts of soluble proteins for crystallization trials.
Signed support recovery for single index models in high-dimensions (2016)

In this paper we study the support recovery problem for single index models $Y=f(\boldsymbol{X}^{\intercal} \boldsymbolβ,\varepsilon)$, where $f$ is an unknown link function, $\boldsymbol{X}\sim N_p(0,\mathbb{I}_{p})$ and $\boldsymbolβ$ is an $s$-sparse unit vector such that $\boldsymbolβ_{i}\in \{\pm\frac{1}{\sqrt{s}},0\}$. In particular, we look into the performance of two computationally inexpensive algorithms: (a) the diagonal thresholding sliced inverse regression (DT-SIR) introduced by Lin et al. (2015); and (b) a semi-definite programming (SDP) approach inspired by Amini &amp; Wainwright (2008). When $s=O(p^{1-δ})$ for some $δ&gt;0$, we demonstrate that both procedures can succeed in recovering the support of $\boldsymbolβ$ as long as the rescaled sample size $κ=\frac{n}{s\log(p-s)}$ is larger than a certain critical threshold. On the other hand, when $κ$ is smaller than a critical value, any algorithm fails to recover the support with probability at least $\frac{1}{2}$ asymptotically. In other words, we demonstrate that both DT-SIR and the SDP approach are optimal (up to a scalar) for recovering the support of $\boldsymbolβ$ in terms of sample size. We provide extensive simulations, as well as a real dataset application to help verify our theoretical observations.
Exploring variability and reliability of multi-level STT-MRAM cells (2012)

In this paper we have presented a comprehensive analysis of multi-valued STT-MRAM and their benefits and drawbacks. Results shows that in order to reduce read failures in scaled geometries, self-reference reading scheme is necessary. We have also shown that by choosing appropriate RA <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and RA <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (we define the feasible RA <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -RA <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> region in the design space), one can reduce both read and write failures. However, in order to achieve higher reliability, a thicker T ox is needed, which can further constrain the RA <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -RA <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> design space of multi-valued STT-MRAMs.
Can Staining of Damaged Proteins in Urine Effectively Predict Preeclampsia? (2016)

Congo red urine test at PE verifies the disorder. In the first trimester, it adds accuracy for PE prediction in obese, black women, who had previous PE and over-average MAP.
A model for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Expression in Cell Culture (2006)

HCV is a single-stranded, positive sense, RNA virus. Assessment and development of novel anti-viral treatments for HCV infection has been hampered by the lack of an efficient cell culture model. However, recently attention has turned to the development of models whereby the replication of HCV can be studied in cell culture. The aim of this study was to construct a novel tetracycline-regulated model for the investigation of an Irish HCV isolate in cell culture. A novel tetracycline-regulated HCV cDNA plasmid was constructed. HCV core protein/RNA were detected in a tetracycline-regulated manner in cell culture and HCV RNA was processed from the HCV cDNA plasmid at defined termini. In addition, Interferon-alpha-2b decreased HCV expression to undetectable levels. Firstly, this HCV expression model adds significantly to the growing pool of HCV replication models currently available and represents the HCV infection of a globally unique Irish population. Secondly, this HCV expression model may be used to investigate the influence of HCV on the host cell by direct comparison of HCV expression in an on/off environment. Finally, this novel tetracycline-regulated cDNA plasmid may be a useful tool for the in vitro expression of full-length genomes of other RNA viruses including Dengue and Yellow Fever virus.
31P‐NMR DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN INTRACELLULAR PHOSPHATE POOLS IN COSMARIUM (CHLOROPHYTA)1 (1980)

ABSTRACT 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of intact Cosmarium sp. cells is presented as a suitable tool for the differentiation of intracellular accumulation pools of polyphosphates. The cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) insoluble fraction is shown to contain most of the total cellular phosphate in the phosphate rich Cosmarium cells. Moreover, evidence from a 31 P‐NMR study and electron microscopic observations of cold TCA treated Cosmarium cells indicate that this fraction consists mostly of polyphosphates which seem to retain the native morphological structure observed in the untreated cells. The determination of orthophosphate in the hot water extract of Cosmarium cells did not measure the polyphosphate pools. Determination of total phosphorus content in the hot water extract rendered a value three times higher than the frequently used orthophosphate determination procedure. However, as revealed by the 31 P‐NMR spectra and the chemical analyses of the extract and of the treated cells, even total phosphorus in the extract measured only 30% of the total cellular phosphorus. 31 P‐NMR enabled the unequivocal chemical identification of the major phosphate compounds in the hot water extract (“Surplus P”) as orthophosphate and polyphosphates of about 10 phosphate units chainlength. More than 70% of the accumulation pool of polyphosphates was still in the cells after extraction. However, the electron microscopy study revealed that the native granular structure of polyphosphates had been destroyed by the hot water extraction procedure.
Alignment of photoions for the autoionization analysis of doubly excited rare gas valence shells (2002)

Rare gas valence shell satellites excited by linearly polarized synchrotron radiation are produced exclusively through electron correlations. In the near threshold range they show a strong enhancement through the autoionization of doubly excited Rydberg states. Studying the fluorescence decay of the excited photoions we derived the alignment parameter A20, which depends on the dynamics of the decay process. Here we report on the population of the Ne+ 2p4 2PJ and 4PJ finstructure states. While the 2PJ states show interference between direct population and autoionization, the 4PJ states to the contrary, are populated only through autoionization. This is a clear indication for singlet/triplet mixing of the more closely investigated Ne 2p4(3P) 3p 2P3/2,1/2-ns, nd-Rydberg-states, since the population of the 4PJ-states is forbidden in LS-coupling. Corresponding autoionization processes were studied for the heavier rare gases in order to reveal systematic features.
Education Inequality among Different Social Groups (2016)

In this paper, we examine an education-planning problem by using a mechanism design approach. We consider a model where agents have different abilities in acquiring education and belong to different social groups (for instance, races or genders). Under the information constraint that the abilities of agents are observable and group memberships are unobservable, the social planner constructs direct mechanisms to determine the education levels of agents and to distribute income transfers and schooling help. We compare two sets of education policies derived under Rawlsian and utilitarian social welfare functions. Our main findings are as follows. First, under education policies obtained from the utilitarian social welfare function, agents with the same ability are equally treated, regardless of group membership. In contrast, education policies obtained from the Rawlsian social welfare function lead to a form of reverse discrimination in the sense that agents in a more disadvantaged social group achieve higher levels of education.
The use of cytochrome P450 genes to introduce herbicide tolerance in crops: a review (1999)

Mechanisms of herbicide resistance include (1) modified target site, (2) enhanced detoxification or delayed activation, and (3) alterations in the uptake, translocation, or compartmentalization of a herbicide. The first two mechanisms have mainly been identified in plants. Herbicide resistance genes were isolated for several herbicides of different modes of action. Genes that coded for herbicide target or detoxification enzymes were transferred into crop plants. The transgenic plants expressing these genes were tolerant of the active ingredients of herbicides. Before commercialization, the transgenic plants were tested in the field for risk assessment. In the case of crops with herbicide detoxification enzymes, including cytochrome-P450-species-metabolizing xenobiotics, the substrate specificity of the enzymes as well as the toxicological properties of the herbicide metabolites and the pattern of secondary metabolites in plants must be evaluated. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry