gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A corrugated and lens based miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna for 28 GHz and 38 GHz bands applications (2023)

Abstract The paper presents a dualband and compact antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) array by using a dielectric lens (DL) and corrugations for 5G applications. The proposed novel antenna provides very high efficiency and it alleviates beam titling very effectively. Its efficiency is in the range of 95.93%–97.52% whereas the H plane beam titling is <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <m:mrow> <m:mo>±</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mn>1</m:mn> <m:mo>°</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> $\pm 1{}^{\circ}$ over most of the frequency range. The antenna frequency response is improved by incorporating corrugations which results in the antenna miniaturization. The designed AVA array size is 2.86 × 3.58 × 0.06 <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <m:mrow> <m:msup> <m:msub> <m:mi>λ</m:mi> <m:mi>g</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mn>3</m:mn> </m:msup> </m:mrow> </m:math> ${{\lambda }_{g}}^{3}$ (for lower guided frequency). The proposed dualband antenna operates from 24.17 GHz to 29.37 GHz and 30.76 GHz to 40.58 GHz. These frequency bands cover 28 GHz and 38 GHz bands of 5G communications. Next, the front-to-back ratio is improved significantly which further results in the gain enhancement. Also, the grooves in the feeding network minimize reverse power reflections. The radiation pattern is stable and it shows that the designed antenna is a directional antenna. The antenna is designed, simulated, and tested by using a network analyzer and anechoic chamber. The testing and simulated results indicate that the proposed AVA array is the best candidate to integrate it in 5G devices.
Seasonal Changes in Protein Degradabilities of Sandhills Native Range and Subirrigated Meadow Diets and Application of a Metabolizable Protein System (1997)

Meadow and range diets increased in digestibility, crude protein. and escape protein during periods of active growth.
Tendon tissue engineering: biomechanical considerations (2020)

Engineered soft tissue products-both tendon and ligament-have gained tremendous interest in regenerative medicine as alternatives to autograft and allograft treatments due to their potential to overcome limitations such as pain and donor site morbidity. Tendon engineered grafts have focused on the replication of native tendon tissue composition and architecture in the form of scaffolds using synthetic or natural biomaterials seeded with cells and factors. However, these approaches suffer due to static culture environments that fail to mimic the dynamic tissue environment and mechanical forces required to promote tenogenic differentiation of cultured cells. Mechanical stimulation is sensed by cellular mechanosensors such as integrins, focal adhesion kinase, and other transmembrane receptors which promote tenogenic gene expression and synthesis of tendon extracellular matrix components such as Type I collagen. Thus, it is imperative to apply biological and biomechanical aspects to engineer tendon. This review highlights the origin of tendon tissue, its ability to sense forces from its microenvironment, and the biological machinery that helps in mechanosensation. Additionally, this review focuses on use of bioreactors that aid in understanding cell-microenvironment interactions and enable the design of mechanically competent tendon tissue. We categorize these bioreactors based on functional features, sample size/type, and loading regimes and discuss their application in tendon research. The objective of this article is to provide a perspective on biomechanical considerations in the development of functional tendon tissue.
Evaluation of the specific structures of IgA1 hinge glycopeptide in 30 IgA nephropathy patients by mass spectrometry (2009)

Statistically specific O-glycans were identified in 30 IgAN patients compared with 30 controls. These results open the possibility for preparation of lectin and/or antibodies binding to specific glycopeptides in IgAN.
Production of thermophilic extracellular proteases (aqualysins I and II) by Thermus aquaticus YT-1, an extreme thermophile. (1983)

The progress of growth of Thermus aquaticus YT-1 and production of casein hydrolytic enzyme in the culture supernatant were followed, and it was found that the cells produced at least two kinds of extracellular proteases. The properties of the crude enzymes were examined. One of the extracellular proteases, which we call aqualysin I, is an alkaline protease which was secreted linearly from the early stationary phase until the time the cells ceased to grow. The optimum temperature of the proteolytic activity was between 70 and 80°C, and the enzyme activity was inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate. The other which we call aqualysin II is a neutral protease, the production of which was observed remarkably from 4 days and continued linearly for 5 days. The maximum activity was obtained at 95°C (the highest temperature tested), and the proteolytic activity was inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate and ethyleneglycol-bis (β-aminoethyl ether)-N, N'-tetraacetate.
The relationship between triclosan and antibiotic susceptibilities among bacteria isolated from hands in the community (2004)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55409/1/relationship between triclosan.pdf
Characterization of phenol‐terminated polystyrenes by means of 13C‐NMR spectroscopy (1983)

Abstract In the presence of many alkylphenols, cationic polymerization of styrene by aluminium chloride leads to low‐molecular‐weight polystyrenes that contain end groups derived from the phenols. The fraction of phenolic end groups in the polymer is estimated by ultraviolet (UV) measurements to be 40–70% dependent on phenol and the reaction conditions. Phenol is incorporated into the polymer over the whole range of molecular weights (up to 7000). At high phenol concentrations, a significant proportion of the product consists of 1:1 and 1:2 phenol‐styrene adducts. The position of attack of the growing carbenium ion on the phenol can be determined by 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy. With 2,6‐dialkylphenols, such as 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol, the high field aromatic resonance near 119.7 ppm is shifted downfield by about 16 ppm when the phenol is incorporated into the polystyrene as an end group. This is interpreted as an exclusive attack of the growing carbenium ion on the 4‐position of the phenol. With 2,4‐dialkylphenols, such as 2‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol, a corresponding downfield shift shows that reaction occurs only at the 6‐position. The preferred site of attack for phenols such as 2‐alkylphenols which lack both ortho‐ and parasubstituents, is the 4‐position. With such phenols attack at the 6‐position is not excluded. Low‐molecular‐weight adducts contain 1‐methylbenzyl end groups and 13 C‐spectra are consistent with their presence in the higher‐molecular‐weight polystyrenes.
Aqueous Synthesis of Color-Tunable CuInS2/ZnS Nanocrystals for the Detection of Human Interleukin 6 (2013)

In this Article, we present a facile microwave-assisted synthesis route for the preparation of water-soluble and high-quality CuInS2/ZnS nanocrystals (NCs) with glutathione as the stabilizer. The as-prepared CuInS2/ZnS NCs exhibited small particle sizes (~3.3 nm), long photoluminescence lifetimes, and color-tunable properties ranging from the visible to the near-infrared by varying the initial ratio of Cu/In in the precursors. The low-toxicity, highly luminescent and biocompatible CuInS2/ZnS NCs were applied to cell imaging, showing that they could be used as promising fluorescent probes. Furthermore, the CuInS2/ZnS NCs were used as the signal labels for a fluoroimmunoassay of the biomarker IL-6, showing their great potential for use as reliable point-of-care diagnostics for biomarkers of cancer and other diseases.
Eutectic structure evolution of Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3system for potential hybrid solar cell application (2009)

AbstractTernary Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3 samples with a eutectic composition were prepared by slow cooling. The microstructural evolution was observed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The SEM observation of the ternary samples agreed with the XRD with a completion of crystallisation by slow cooling. The target materials commonly have ‘cantaloupe skin’ microstructures as shown in the previous studies by Han et al. The nanocomposite may have experienced different cooling rates with two different microstructures, near the surface having experienced optimal conditions for the eutectic reaction during their cooling and thus formed the eutectic microstructure, near the centre having experienced a slower cooling rate. The crystallised eutectic ternary Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3 system had three different phases with a 3Y2O3-5Al2O3 (yttrium-aluminium garnet phase), an alumina phase formed by the eutectic reaction, and a solid solution of ZrO2 and Y2O3.Keywords: Ternary Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3EutecticNanocompositeMicrostructureSolar cell
Effect of Composition Distribution on Microphase-Separated Structure from BAB Triblock Copolymers (2004)

The effects of composition distribution on microphase-separated structures formed by monodisperse BAB triblock copolymers were investigated. Monodisperse nine parent BAB triblock copolymers consisting of polystyrene for A and poly(2-vinylpyridine) for B were prepared by anionic living polymerization. These nine copolymers were designed such that polystyrene volume fraction, φs, ranged from 0.1 to 0.9, and they were blended to produce samples with various composition distributions but with constant average composition at φs of 0.5. Periodic simple alternating lamellar structures were observed for solvent cast and well-annealed blend films as long as composition distribution is relatively low. It has been found that microdomain spacing increases with increasing composition distribution of copolymer samples up to 1.25 in terms of Mw(S)/Mn(S), where Mw(S) and Mn(S) are weight-average and number-average molecular weights of polystyrene blocks, respectively, as was the case of the AB diblock copolymer system, though the increment is larger for triblock than diblock. Furthermore, it was clarified that triblock copolymer tends to macrophase separate into several regular microphase-separated structures more easily than diblock copolymer.
Identification of the Bacterial Leaf Spot Pathogen of Lettuce, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians, in Ohio, and Assessment of Cultivar Resistance and Seed Treatment (1997)

In 1995, a bacterial leaf spot disease was observed on lettuce plants grown on muck soils in north central Ohio. Characteristic symptoms were water-soaked circular, dark brown- or olivecolored spots, approximately 1 to 2 mm in diameter, along the margin of leaves; V-shaped lesions beginning at the leaf margins and advancing along the veins; and individual black spots scattered on the leaf surface. Five bacterial strains were isolated from infected leaves of two lettuce cultivars, Darkland and Go Go Green. These strains were identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians based on morphological, physiological, biochemical, and pathogenicity tests, as well as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analyses. One of the five strains tested was resistant to streptomycin sulfate (100 μg/ml), and none were resistant to copper sulfate. Eight commercial lettuce cultivars were evaluated for resistance to X. campestris pv. vitians. Of these cultivars, Redine was highly resistant; Focus and Crisp and Green were partially resistant; Slobolt, Tiara, and Carmona were susceptible; and Darkland and Go Go Green were highly susceptible to the pathogen. Surface disinfection with 0.52% sodium hypochlorite for 5 min nearly eliminated the bacterium from lettuce seed without affecting seed viability.
Non-Invasive Inflammation Monitoring (2001)

Unter den Innovationen, die in den letzten Jahren in der Pneumologie Aufmerksamkeit auf sich zogen, stellen die sog. nichtinvasiven Verfahren zum Monitoring der Atemwegsentzündung einen herausragenden Part dar. Im wesentlichen beinhalten diese Verfahren die Gewinnung zellulären Materials mittels der Methode des induzierten Sputums und die Messung von Komponenten der Ausatemluft mittels direkter online-Messung oder nach Sammlung des Exhalates [1]. Die Methode des induzierten Sputums kann nicht in vollem Umfange als nichtinvasiv gelten, da sie die Inhalation von i. a. hypertoner Kochsalzlösung voraussetzt, die wiederum eine bronchiale Obstruktion hervorrufen und sogar als bronchiale Provokationsmethode eingesetzt werden kann. Demgegenüber können die Messungen der Ausatemluft als im eigentlichen Sinne nichtinvasiv gelten, und Auswirkungen der Messung auf das Bronchialsystem sind nicht zu erwarten, solange keine gravierenden Änderungen des Ventilationsmusters gefordert werden.
Neural-network dedicated processor for solving competitive assignment problems (1993)

A neural-network processor for solving first-order competitive assignment problems consists of a matrix of N x M processing units, each of which corresponds to the pairing of a first number of elements of (R sub i) with a second number of elements (C sub j), wherein limits of the first number are programmed in row control superneurons, and limits of the second number are programmed in column superneurons as MIN and MAX values. The cost (weight) W sub ij of the pairings is programmed separately into each PU. For each row and column of PU's, a dedicated constraint superneuron insures that the number of active neurons within the associated row or column fall within a specified range. Annealing is provided by gradually increasing the PU gain for each row and column or increasing positive feedback to each PU, the latter being effective to increase hysteresis of each PU or by combining both of these techniques.
Spatially resolved microchemical analysis of chromate‐conversion‐coated aluminum alloy AA2024‐T3 (2002)

Abstract The corrosion of aerospace aluminum alloys has been linked to the electrochemical behavior and chemical composition of constituent intermetallic compounds (IMCs). In this study, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), synchrotron infrared microspectrometry (SIRMS) and x‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) were used to characterize chromate conversion coatings (CCCs) formed on AA2024‐T3 sheet and cast IMC analogs. The nascent surface film formed on IMC and matrix surfaces was characterized to reveal the influence of microstructure on CCC structure and composition. Copper‐rich regions were found on the outermost CCC surface. Intermetallic compounds rich in Cu were found to be surface depleted of Cr and enriched in CN from the ferricyanide present in the CCC as an accelerator compound. By distinguishing particle morphology and chemistry, SIMS data demonstrated that heterogeneities in CCC composition were associated with IMCs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Abstract 12282: A Decrease in Mitochondrial, but Not Cytosolic, Iron Protects Against Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Damage Through a Reduction in ROS (2014)

Introduction: Iron is essential for the activity of several cellular proteins, but excess free iron can cause cellular damage through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Iron accumulation in mitochondria, the major site of cellular iron homeostasis, leads to cardiomyopathy. However, it is not known whether a reduction in baseline mitochondrial (as opposed to cytosolic) iron can protect against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart. We hypothesized that since mitochondria are the major site of iron homeostasis and that mitochondrial iron can lead to oxidative damage, a reduction in mitochondrial iron at baseline would be sufficient to protect against I/R injury. Results: Transgenic (TG) mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of the mitochondrial iron export protein ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-B8 had significantly lower mitochondrial iron in the heart than nontransgenic (NTG) littermates at baseline, but their cardiac function and the expression of key antioxidant systems were similar to NTG littermates. In response to I/R, TG mice displayed significantly less apoptosis and lipid peroxidation products and better preserved cardiac function than NTG littermates, suggesting that a reduction in mitochondrial iron protects against I/R injury. To confirm these results, we next took a pharmacological approach to assess the effects of a reduction in mitochondrial vs cytosolic iron on the response to I/R using 2,2’-bipyridyl (BPD, a mitochondria-accessible iron chelator) and deferoxamine (DFO, an iron chelator that can only reduce cytosolic iron). Treating rat cardiomyoblast H9C2 cells with BPD but not DFO significantly lowered chelatable mitochondrial iron and protected against H 2 O 2 induced cell death, and pretreatment with BPD but not DFO protected mice against I/R injury and reduced ROS production, suggesting that a reduction in baseline mitochondrial, but not cytosolic, iron is sufficient to protect against I/R injury. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that selective reduction in mitochondrial iron is protective in I/R injury. Thus, targeting mitochondrial iron with selective iron chelators may provide a novel approach for treatment of ischemic heart disease.
Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Liposomes Specifically Deliver the Zn 2+ Chelator TPEN Inducing Oxidative Stress in Prostate Cancer Cells (2016)

TPEN chelates zinc and results in reactive oxygen species imbalance leading to cell death. Delivery of TPEN using aptamer-targeted liposomes results in specific delivery to targeted cells. In vivo experiments show that TPEN-loaded, aptamer-targeted liposomes reduce tumor growth in a human prostate cancer xenograft model.
Random lasing in a nanocomposite medium (2013)

The characteristics of a random laser based on a nanocomposite medium consisting of a transparent dielectric and scattering doped nanocrystals are calculated. It is proposed to use ytterbium laser media with a high concentration of active ions as nanocrystals and to use gases, liquids, or solid dielectrics with a refractive index lower than that of nanocrystals as dielectric matrices for nanocrystals. Based on the concept of nonresonant distributed feedback due to the Rayleigh scattering, an expression is obtained for the minimum length of a nanocomposite laser medium at which the random lasing threshold is overcome. Expressions are found for the critical (maximum) and the optimal size of nanocrystals, as well as for the optimal relative refractive index of nanocomposites that corresponds not only to the maximum gain but also to the minimum of the medium threshold length at the optimal size of nanocrystals. It is shown that the optimal relative refractive index of a nanocomposite increases with increasing pump level, but is independent of the other nanocomposite parameters.
Transformation of human mammary epithelial cells by oncogenic retroviruses. (1988)

We have introduced viral oncogenes into human mammary epithelial cells through the use of murine retroviruses. A continuous cell line (184A1N4) derived from benzo(a)pyrene treatment of normal breast epithelial cells was used as a recipient for the ras, mos, and T-antigen oncogenes. Each of these oncogenes enabled the 184A1N4 cells to grow in a selective medium, thus demonstrating the potential utility of these cells for oncogene detection and isolation. 184A1N4 cells transformed by T-antigen were nontumorigenic in athymic mice, but v-ras transformants were weakly tumorigenic. Transformants bearing both the T-antigen and ras oncogenes were strongly tumorigenic, however. The karyotype of these double transformants shows a high degree of stability. These results demonstrate the stepwise acquisition of the fully malignant phenotype by normal human epithelial cells in vitro.
On the evaluation of plug-in electric vehicle data of a campus charging network (2016)

The mass adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) requires the deployment of public charging stations. Such facilities are expected to employ distributed generation and storage units to reduce the stress on the grid and boost sustainable transportation. While prior work has made considerable progress in deriving insights for understanding the adverse impacts of PEV chargings and how to alleviate them, a critical issue that affects the accuracy is the lack of real world PEV data. As the dynamics and pertinent design of such charging stations heavily depend on actual customer demand profile, in this paper we present and evaluate the data obtained from a 17 node charging network equipped with Level 2 chargers at a major North American University campus. The data is recorded for 166 weeks starting from late 2011. The result indicates that the majority of the customers use charging lots to extend their driving ranges. Also, the demand profile shows that there is a tremendous opportunity to employ solar generation to fuel the vehicles as there is a correlation between the peak customer demand and solar irradiation. Also, we provided a more detailed data analysis and show how to use this information in designing future sustainable charging facilities.
Defective Thyroglobulin Synthesis and Secretion Causing Goiter and Hypothyroidism * (1993)

The integrity of the Tg structure as a protein is essential for adequate synthesis of thyroid hormone. Also a large supply of iodine and of thyroid hormone is stored into the Tg molecule and available for secretion on demand. Mutations in Tg gene or hyposialylated Tg due to a defective sialyltransferase activity would cause a structurally defective protein and severely impair the functional ability of Tg. In this review we attempt to cover the abnormalities in the synthesis of Tg described in both animals and man. Hereditary congenital goiter with or without hypothyroidism is the phenotypic major clinical finding in these species. Affected animals include sheep, bovine cattle, bongo antelope, goats, and mice. As in man the inheritance mode is autosomal recessive. In most animal studies structurally abnormal Tg is present. The molecular basis for the defective Tg synthesis was attributable to nonsense mutation in exon 9 (Afrikander cattle) and in exon 8 (Dutch goats). In man the Tg defective synthesis has been reported in 89 subjects and frequently more than one sibling is affected in a given generation. Characteristically these patients exhibit hereditary congenital goiter with relatively low Tg levels that do not increase after stimulation with bovine TSH. High PBI concentrations with low serum T4 values indicate the serum presence of iodinated proteins (mainly iodoalbumin). Also iodinated peptides are frequently excreted into the urine. Tissue studies confirm that there is an absent Tg peak at gel filtration, and virtually no immunoassayable Tg is present in the tissue extracts. The molecular basis of these defects have been recently reported in a patient and includes low tissue Tg mRNA probably due to premature degradation of a defective Tg mRNA. The responsible mutation is a cytosine to thymine transition creating a stop codon at position 1510. The point mutation is removed by the preferential accumulation of a 171 nt deleted Tg mRNA. In another subject molecular studies revealed that exon 4 was missing from the major Tg transcript due to a cytosine to guanine transversion at position minus 3 in the acceptor splice site of intron 3. It is anticipated that other mutations responsible for these defects will be identifiable in the near future.