gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First Reported Detection of Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in Turkeys in the United Kingdom (2012)

We report the first occurrence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus [A(H1N1)pdm09] infection on two epidemiologically linked turkey breeder premises in the United Kingdom during December 2010 and January 2011. Clinically, the birds showed only mild signs of disease, with the major presenting sign being an acute and marked reduction in egg production, leading to the prompt reporting of suspected avian notifiable disease for official investigation. Presence of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in the United Kingdom turkey breeder flocks was confirmed by detailed laboratory investigations including virus isolation in embryonated specific pathogen-free fowls' eggs, two validated real-time reverse transcription-PCR tests, and nucleotide sequencing of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes. These investigations revealed high nucleotide identity with currently circulating human A(H1N1)pdm09 strains, suggesting that human-to-poultry transmission (reverse zoonosis) was the most likely route of infection. Peak levels of human influenza-like illness community transmission also coincided with the onset of clinical signs in both affected turkey breeder flocks. This case demonstrated the value of the existing passive surveillance framework and associated veterinary and laboratory infrastructure that enables the detection and management of both exotic and new and emerging disease hazards and risks. The case also presents further evidence of the susceptibility of turkeys to infection with influenza A viruses of nonavian origin.
Combining NMR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics to Monitor Structural Features of Crude Hep-arin (2017)

Because of the complexity and global nature of the heparin supply chain, the control of heparin quality during manufacturing steps is essential to ensure the safety of the final active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). For this reason, there is a need to develop consistent analytical methods able to assess the quality of heparin early in production (i.e., as the crude heparin before it is purified to API under cGMP conditions). Although a number of analytical techniques have been applied to characterize heparin APIs, few of them have been applied for crude heparin structure and composition analyses. Here, to address this issue, NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics were applied to characterize 88 crude heparin samples. The samples were also analyzed by strong anion exchange HPLC (SAX-HPLC) as an orthogonal check of the purity levels of the crudes analyzed by NMR. The HPLC data showed that the chemometric analysis of the NMR data differentiated the samples based on their purity. These orthogonal approaches differentiated samples according their glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composition and their mono and disaccharide composition and structure for each GAG family (e.g., heparin/heparan, dermatan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate A). Moreover, quantitative HSQC and multivariate analysis (PCA) were used to distinguish between crude heparin of different animal and tissue sources.
Configuration of pyruvic acid ketals, 4,6-O-linked to d-galactose units, in bacterial and algal polysaccharides (1967)

Methyl 4,6-O-(hydroxyisopropylidene)-α-d-glucopyranosides (X and XI) were synthesized and the ketal configuration of X was established by a Smith degradation to 1,3-O-(hydroxyiso-propylidene)-l-erythritol (XIII), which was prepared from 2,8-anhydro-1-deoxy-d-glycero-β-d-gulo-octulopyranose (XVI). Methyl 4,6-O-(hydroxyisopropylidene)-α-d-galactopyranosides (II and V) were prepared and their ketal configurations determined by comparison of molecular rotations. Methyl 4,6-O-(1-carbomethoxyethylidene)-α-d-galactopyranosides (IX and XII) from II and V and methyl 4,6-O-(1-carbomethoxyethylidene)-α-d-glucopyranosides (XIV and XV) from X and XI were utilized for this purpose. Also, the hydrogen-bonding characteristics of methyl 4,6-O-(hydroxyisopropylidene)-2,3-di-O-methyl-α-d-galactopyranosides (III and VI) from II and V were compared with those of methyl 4,6-O-(hydroxyisopropylidene)-2,3-di-O-methyl-α-d-glucopyranosides (VII and VIII) from X and XI. Based on the finding that X contains an axial C-methyl group, the results from the two approaches show that methyl 4,6-O-(hydroxyisopropylidene)-α-d-galactopyranoside (II) contains an axial C-methyl group in the conformations depicted. The stereoisomer of this compound was prepared from 4,6-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-d-galactose (IV), a partial hydrolysis product of Corynebacterium insidiosum polysaccharide and Difco agar and establishes that the natural products contain equatorial C-methyl ketal groups.
High Resolution Scan of Comet Kohoutek in the Vicinity of 5015 Å, 5890 Å, and 6563 Å (1976)

High resolution scans were made of the head of Comet Kohoutek (19730 using the McMath solar telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. The data were taken on 1 and 4 January 1974 UT, just after the comet perihelion: A spectrum taken in the vicinity of 6563 A on 4 January (Figure
Injectable colloidal hydrogel with mesoporous silica nanoparticles for sustained co-release of microRNA-222 and aspirin to achieve innervated bone regeneration in rat mandibular defects (2019)

Nerve fibers and vessels play important roles in bone formation, and inadequate innervation in the bone defect area can delay the regeneration process. However, there are few studies aiming to promote innervation to engineer bone formation. Here, we report the development of an injectable thermoresponsive mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-embedded core-shell structured poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PEG-PLGA-PNIPAM) hydrogel for localized and long-term co-delivery of microRNA-222 and aspirin (ASP) (miR222/MSN/ASP hydrogel). ASP was found to stimulate bone formation as previously reported, and miR222 induced human bone mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neural-like cells through Wnt/β-catenin/Nemo-like kinase signaling. In a rat mandibular bone defect, injection of the co-delivered MSN hydrogel resulted in neurogenesis and enhanced bone formation, indicating that the present injectable miR222- and ASP-co-delivering colloidal hydrogel is a promising material for innervated bone tissue engineering.
Experimental Study on Aqueous Phase Entrainment in a Mixer-settler with Double Stirring Mode (2013)

The mixer-settler is a core device of solvent extraction for separating rare earth elements. There are some adverse effects like high rare earth accumulation and poor production efficiency during industrial production. Current researches usually focus on changing the structure of the mixer-settler without making a breakthrough towards gravity clarification. In this paper, in order to improve the efficiency of clarification, a mixer-settler with double stirring mode was designed and manufactured by adding a stirring device in the settler after reducing the volume of the settler. The innovation of this research involves adopting the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer to investigate the quantity of aqueous phase entrainment at the settler outlet in order to measure the clarification degree. Experimental results show that the clarification effect with stirring is better than that without stirring. The clarification effect is ameliorated as the stirring speed increases. Generally, the clarification effect shows a best condition when the offset distance is 12.5 cm, making the phase entrainment reduced to less than 0.1%. When the clearance over the tank bottom is 7 cm and 10 cm, respectively, the quantity of aqueous phase entrainment is better than the case with a clearance of 4 cm. The results show that the stirring paddle close to the mixed phase zone can better promote the two-phase separation.
Some basic concepts for shared autonomy: a first report (2008)

In the context of supervisory control of one or several artificial agents by a human operator, the definition of the autonomy of an agent remains a major challenge. When the mission is critical and in a real-time environment, e.g. in the case of unmanned vehicles, errors are not permitted while performance must be as high as possible. Therefore, a trade-off must be found between manual control, usually ensuring good confidence in the system but putting a high workload on the operator, and full autonomy of the agents, often leading to less reliability in uncertain environments and lower performance. Having an operator in the decision loop does not always grant maximal performance and safety anyway, as human beings are fallible. Additionally, when an agent and a human decide and act simultaneously using the same resources, conflicts are likely to occur and coordination between entities is mandatory. We present the basic concepts of an approach aiming at dynamically adjusting the autonomy of an agent in a mission relatively to its operator, based on a formal modelling of mission ingredients.
A 1.8-V 700-mb/s/pin 512-mb DDR-II SDRAM with on-die termination and off-chip driver calibration (2004)

A 512-Mb DDR-II SDRAM has achieved 700-Mb/s/pin operation at 1.8-V supply voltage with 0.12-/spl mu/m DRAM process. The low supply voltage presents challenges in high data rate and signal integrity. Circuit techniques such as hierarchical I/O lines, local sense amplifier, and fully shielded data lines without area penalty have provided improved data access time and, thus, high data rate can be achieved. Off-chip driver with calibrated strength and on-die termination are utilized to give sufficient signal integrity for over 533-Mb/s/pin operation.
ALCAM/CD166 Is a TGF-β–Responsive Marker and Functional Regulator of Prostate Cancer Metastasis to Bone (2014)

The dissemination of prostate cancer to bone is a common, incurable aspect of advanced disease. Prevention and treatment of this terminal phase of prostate cancer requires improved molecular understanding of the process as well as markers indicative of molecular progression. Through biochemical analyses and loss-of-function in vivo studies, we demonstrate that the cell adhesion molecule, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), is actively shed from metastatic prostate cancer cells by the sheddase ADAM17 in response to TGF-β. Not only is this posttranslational modification of ALCAM a marker of prostate cancer progression, the molecule is also required for effective metastasis to bone. Biochemical analysis of prostate cancer cell lines reveals that ALCAM expression and shedding is elevated in response to TGF-β signaling. Both in vitro and in vivo shedding is mediated by ADAM17. Longitudinal analysis of circulating ALCAM in tumor-bearing mice revealed that shedding of tumor, but not host-derived ALCAM is elevated during growth of the cancer. Gene-specific knockdown of ALCAM in bone-metastatic PC3 cells greatly diminished both skeletal dissemination and tumor growth in bone. The reduced growth of ALCAM knockdown cells corresponded to an increase in apoptosis (caspase-3) and decreased proliferation (Ki67). Together, these data demonstrate that the ALCAM is both a functional regulator as well as marker of prostate cancer progression.
Melt Rheology of Polypropylene Containing Small Amounts of High-Molecular-Weight Chain. 2. Uniaxial and Biaxial Extensional Flow (2001)

Uniaxial extensional flow behavior was measured for the high-melt-strength polypropylene using a Meissner-type rheometer under transient extensional flow with constant tensile strain rate. The equibiaxial extensional flow behavior of the high-melt-strength polypropylene was measured via the lubricated squeezing flow method under constant strain rate. The high-melt-strength polypropylene consists of polypropylene (PP) as a main component and high-molecular-weight polyethylene (PE) component as a long relaxation time component (see part 1). This system is generally believed to be an immiscible system, at least under the quiescent state. Nevertheless, in part 1, we have found that the high-melt-strength PP with very high-molecular-weight PE shows distinctly different shear flow behaviors from conventional PP, e.g., high elasticity and two-step viscosity at low shear rates and strong and weak strain-dependent nonlinear damping functions characterizing fast and slow relaxation processes. In this study, the transient uniaxial viscosity of the high-melt-strength PP melts first increased gradually with time, following the linear viscoelastic rule in which the uniaxial extensional viscosity is 3 times the shear viscosity development. Beyond a certain critical strain, the uniaxial extensional viscosity showed rapid increase, which was referred to as strain hardening. Furthermore, the transient biaxial extensional viscosity showed also the strain hardening behavior over a critical strain. These prominent behaviors are unexpected for conventional PP. The nonlinear upturn behavior was discussed from a high-molecular-weight chain stretching point of view via molecular constitutive equations given by Osaki et al. for bimodal polymer blends.
Reactions of alkyl-substituted 2-cyclohexen-1-ones with Vilsmeier reagents (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of alkyl-substituted 2-cyclohexen-1-ones with Vilsmeier reagentsAlan R. Katritzky, Charles M. Marson, and Zuoquan WangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 13, 2730–2734Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00389a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00389a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views385Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Estuarine environment studies with Isurus, a REMUS class AUV (2003)

The authors address the current developments of the "PISCIS" project. They focus on the experimental results from recent operational missions with an AUV in a estuarine environment. Besides describing mission planning and logistic details, they also present tools for oceanographic data processing and visualization. This is demonstrated with some examples of collected data.
Quantitative Antidiabetic Activity Prediction for the Class of Guanidino- and Aminoguanidinopropionic Acid Analogs Based on Electron-Conformational Studies (2008)

The electron-conformational method has been employed to reveal the pharmacophore (Pha) and to predict antidiabetic activity, studying 154 compounds in the class of guanidino- and aminoguanidinopropionic acid analogs. The derived Pha consists of four sites with certain electronic and topological characteristics which are represented by two oxygen atoms of the carboxyl group and two nitrogens of the guanidine group but may be substituted with any other atoms that have the same electronic and geometric features. The Pha flexibility and the influence of out-of-Pha features are described by only three model descriptors that predict the experimental activities quantitatively within experimental uncertainty for a training set of 120 compounds. The quality of the derived Pha and the corresponding quantitative model of activity has been validated (and deemed acceptable) by cross-validation including many-fold cross-validations within the training set and against an independent test set of 34 additional analogs with known experimental activities out of the training set. At last, several dozen compounds never tested experimentally have been screened theoretically using this model, and statistically significant hypoglycemic activities for a few of them are predicted.
A simple, novel method for the preparation of trifluoromethyl iodide and diiododifluoromethane (1992)

CF3l was synthesized in high yields by treatment of XCF2CO2Me(X = Cl or Br) with iodine in the presence of potassium fluoride and copper iodide; if Kl was used instead of KF under similar conditions, CF2l2 was obtained in moderate yields.
Protein Kinase C θ Cooperates with Vav1 to Induce JNK Activity in T-cells (2001)

Here we show that in human T-cell leukemia cells Vav1 and protein kinase C theta (PKCtheta) synergize for the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) but not p38 MAP kinase. Vav1 and PKCtheta also cooperated to induce transcription of reporter genes controlled either by AP-1 binding sites or the CD28RE/AP composite element contained in the IL-2 promoter by stimulating the binding of transcription factors to these two elements. Dominant negative versions of Vav1 and PKCtheta inhibited CD3/CD28-induced activation of JNK, revealing their relative importance for this activation pathway. Gel filtration experiments revealed the existence of constitutively associated Vav1/PKCtheta heterodimers in extracts from unstimulated T-cells, whereas T-cell costimulation induced the recruitment of Vav1 into high molecular weight complexes. Several experimental approaches showed that Vav1 is located upstream from PKCtheta in the control of the pathway leading to synergistic JNK activation. Vav1-derived signals lead to the activation of JNK by at least two different pathways. The major contribution of Vav1 for the activation of JNK relies on the PKCtheta-mediated Ca(2+)-independent synergistic activation pathway, whereas JNK is also activated by a separate Ca(2+)-dependent signaling route.
Direct Multivariable Control for Modular Multilevel Converters (2022)

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have enabled new and demanding applications for power electronics in the high voltage/high power range. In these applications, very fast and tight control of all variables of the MMC is of prime importance. This article presents a new multivariable control (MVC) concept, which enables independent and extremely fast control of all essential variables. For each variable, a tolerance band can be specified, which is strictly met even under unexpected severe transients and disturbances. The minimized dead times achieved by the control are more than one order of magnitude smaller than the state of the art. The MVC has been implemented based on FPGA-hardware and digital signal processing of the measured values. Experimental results of the control performance and the robustness against parameter variation are presented, using a down scaled MMC with 96 submodules. These results include the analysis of steady-state operation, dynamic performance, and fault scenarios.
The DNA Replication Factor RFC1 Is Required for Interference-Sensitive Meiotic Crossovers in Arabidopsis thaliana (2020)

During meiotic recombination, induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) are processed into crossovers (COs) and non-COs (NCO); the former are required for proper chromosome segregation and fertility. DNA synthesis is essential in current models of meiotic recombination pathways and includes only leading strand DNA synthesis, but few genes crucial for DNA synthesis have been tested genetically for their functions in meiosis. Furthermore, lagging strand synthesis has been assumed to be unnecessary. Here we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana DNA REPLICATION FACTOR C1 (RFC1) important for lagging strand synthesis is necessary for fertility, meiotic bivalent formation, and homolog segregation. Loss of meiotic RFC1 function caused abnormal meiotic chromosome association and other cytological defects; genetic analyses with other meiotic mutations indicate that RFC1 acts in the MSH4-dependent interference-sensitive pathway for CO formation. In a rfc1 mutant, residual pollen viability is MUS81-dependent and COs exhibit essentially no interference, indicating that these COs form via the MUS81-dependent interference-insensitive pathway. We hypothesize that lagging strand DNA synthesis is important for the formation of double Holliday junctions, but not alternative recombination intermediates. That RFC1 is found in divergent eukaryotes suggests a previously unrecognized and highly conserved role for DNA synthesis in discriminating between recombination pathways.
Fairness-Aware Online Meta-learning (2021)

In contrast to offline working fashions, two research paradigms are devised for online learning: (1) Online Meta Learning (OML) learns good priors over model parameters (or learning to learn) in a sequential setting where tasks are revealed one after another. Although it provides a sub-linear regret bound, such techniques completely ignore the importance of learning with fairness which is a significant hallmark of human intelligence. (2) Online Fairness-Aware Learning. This setting captures many classification problems for which fairness is a concern. But it aims to attain zero-shot generalization without any task-specific adaptation. This therefore limits the capability of a model to adapt onto newly arrived data. To overcome such issues and bridge the gap, in this paper for the first time we proposed a novel online meta-learning algorithm, namely FFML, which is under the setting of unfairness prevention. The key part of FFML is to learn good priors of an online fair classification model's primal and dual parameters that are associated with the model's accuracy and fairness, respectively. The problem is formulated in the form of a bi-level convex-concave optimization. Theoretic analysis provides sub-linear upper bounds for loss regret and for violation of cumulative fairness constraints. Our experiments demonstrate the versatility of FFML by applying it to classification on three real-world datasets and show substantial improvements over the best prior work on the tradeoff between fairness and classification accuracy
Improving Security using Honeyword for Online Banking Authentication System (2017)

In existing banking system, the only way to get access to the bank account is through the OTP which is not the secure way. If any unauthorized person stole your mobile and if that person guesses the password from user details then that person will get the access to the bank account easily. In propose system we are going to create and store honeywords in the honeypot, Honeywords are generate from the user details. Because of doing this if any unauthorized person will try to guess the password and if that guess password match with the honeypots words then alert for the legal user will generated and only login fail message will shows to that user. In this project we will use Honeyword Generation algorithm to achieve above goal.
Genomic Analyses of Clonal Isolates Provide Clues to the Evolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae (2011)

GENERAL COMMENTARY article Front. Microbiol., 04 April 2011Sec. Cellular and Infection Microbiology - closed section https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2011.00063