gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient Neonatal High Oxygen Exposure Leads to Early Adult Cardiac Dysfunction, Remodeling, and Activation of the Renin–Angiotensin System (2013)

Perinatal conditions (such as preterm birth) can affect adult health and disease, particularly the cardiovascular system. Transient neonatal high O(2) exposure in rat in adulthood (a model of preterm birth-related complications) leads to elevated blood pressure, vascular rigidity, and dysfunction with renin-angiotensin system activation. We postulate that neonatal hyperoxic stress also affects myocardial structure, function, and expression of renin-angiotensin system components. Sprague-Dawley pups were kept with their mother in 80% O(2) or in room air (control) from days 3 to 10 of life. Left ventricular function was assessed in 4-, 7-, 12-week-old (echocardiography) and in 16-week-old (intraventricular catheterization) male O(2)-exposed versus control rats. At 16 weeks, hearts from O(2)-exposed rats showed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, enhanced fibrosis, and increased expression of transforming growth factor-β1, senescence-associated proteins p53 and Rb, upregulation of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor expression (protein and AT1a/b mRNA), and downregulation of AT2 receptors. At 4 weeks (before blood pressure increase), the expression of cardiomyocyte surface area, fibrosis, p53, and AT1b was significantly increased and AT2 decreased in O(2)-exposed animals. After 4 weeks of continuous angiotensin II infusion (starting at 12 weeks), O(2)-exposed rats developed severe heart failure, with impaired myocardial mechanical properties compared with saline-infused rats. Transient neonatal O(2) exposure in rats leads to left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction, and increased susceptibility to heart failure under pressure overload. These results are relevant to the growing population of individuals born preterm who may be at higher risk of cardiac dysfunction when faced with increased peripheral resistance associated with hypertension, vascular diseases, and aging.
Radar Polarimetry (1999)

Abstract This article summarizes the fundamentals of radar polarimetry and gives examples of related applications and research. The mathematical foundation is described first. This discussion includes explanations of the various ways in which polarized and partially polarized electromagnetic waves can be described and how formalisms are used to express the polarimetric scattering properties of objects and surfaces. The scattering, Mueller, covariance, and coherency matrices embody these formalisms. Some practical aspects of polarimetric radar design are then discussed, and the article concludes by summarizing applications of polarimetry and areas of active research, including scattering studies, image classification, contrast enhancement, meteorology, and topographic mapping.
Effect of sound field on attenuation coefficient measurement and its correlation (1986)

Abstract In the conventional method, where the ultrasound attenuation coefficient is determined from the echo signal reflected from inside of the subject, it is assumed that the incident and the reflected waves propagate as plane waves. This paper regards the subject as a set of scatterers and shows that the attenuation coefficient determined by the plane wave assumption contains an error. The method considered is the determination of the attenuation coefficient from the difference of power spectra of the echo signals reflected from different depth, and the effect of the sound field produced by the transducer is also included. The error can be evaluated by the shape function determined by the geometry of the transducer. Consequently, the error can be corrected by subtracting the error term from the attenuation coefficient obtained by the plane wave approximation. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed correction method, an experiment was made using a phantom which is a mixture of agar gel and graphite powder. The result indicates that the attenuation coefficient of the phantom determined by the plane wave approximation does not agree with the value obtained by the transmission method, but there is good agreement if the correction is made by subtracting the error calculated from the geometry of the transducer. Thus, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified.
Optical Conveyors: A Class of Active Tractor Beams (2012)

We experimentally demonstrate a class of tractor beams created by coherently superposing coaxial Bessel beams. These optical conveyors have periodic intensity variations along their axes that act as highly effective optical traps for micrometer-scale objects. Trapped objects can be moved selectively upstream or downstream along the conveyor by appropriately changing the Bessel beams' relative phase. The same methods used to project a single optical conveyor can project arrays of independent optical conveyors, allowing bidirectional transport in three dimensions.
Design and optimization of dual-threshold circuits for low-voltage low-power applications (1999)

Reduction in leakage power has become an important concern in low-voltage, low-power, and high-performance applications. In this paper, we use the dual-threshold technique to reduce leakage power by assigning a high-threshold voltage to some transistors in noncritical paths, and using low-threshold transistors in critical path(s). In order to achieve the best leakage power saving under target performance constraints, an algorithm is presented for selecting and assigning an optimal high-threshold voltage. A general leakage current model which has been verified by HSPICE simulations is used to estimate leakage power. Results show that the dual-threshold technique is good for leakage power reduction during both standby and active modes. For some ISCAS benchmark circuits, the leakage power can be reduced by more than 80%. The total active power saving can be around 50% and 20% at low- and high-switching activities, respectively.
Molecular genetic approach to spinocerebellar ataxias (2009)

Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a group of degenerative ataxias with autosomal dominant inheritance. The most common form of mutation that causes SCA is the expansion of trinucleotide (CAG) repeat encoding polyglutamine. These "polyglutamine disorders" are, SCA1, SCA2, Machado-Joseph disease, SCA6, SCA7, SCA17 and DRPLA. Another dynamic mutation, yet a non-coding one, has been identified as the cause of SCA8, SCA10 and SCA12. This mutation includes, trinucleotide (CAG/CTG) expansion causing SCA8 and SCA12, and pentanuclotide (ATTCT) expansion leading SCA10. In addition to these dynamic mutations, static mutations, such as missense mutations and deletions, have been identified to cause SCA5, SCA11, SCA13, SCA14, SCA15 and SCA27. Since 1992, authors have been involved in identifying the mutation (s) of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with rather pure cerebellar syndrome (ADCAIII). About a half of our cohort with ADCAIII were SCA6, caused by a small CAG repeat expansion in the alpha1A-voltage-dependent calcium channel gene. Recent study in patients' brains suggested that a small polyglutamine expansion leads a portion of this channel protein to aggregate in the Purkinje cell. Another type of ADCAIII is the chromosome 16q22.1-linked ADCA. By a comprehensive positional cloning strategy, we have found a genetic change that segregate with the disease. Identifying the mutation of 16q-ADCA is imperative for understanding molecular basis of this disease.
Multicolor fate mapping of Langerhans cell homeostasis (2013)

Langerhans cells (LCs) constitute a network of immune sentinels in the skin epidermis that is seeded during embryogenesis. Whereas the development of LCs has been extensively studied, much less is known about the homeostatic renewal of adult LCs in "nonmanipulated" animals. Here, we present a new multicolor fluorescent fate mapping system and quantification approach to investigate adult LC homeostasis. This novel approach enables us to propose and provide evidence for a model in which the adult epidermal LC network is not formed by mature coequal LCs endowed with proliferative capabilities, but rather constituted by adjacent proliferative units composed of "dividing" LCs and their terminally differentiated daughter cells. Altogether, our results demonstrate the general utility of our novel fate-mapping system to follow cell population dynamics in vivo and to establish an alternative model for LC homeostasis.
Mapping of the CFH domain interacting with HcpA. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(A) Purified recombinant HcpA protein was separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. The membrane strips were incubated with either normal human serum (NHS), recombinant CFHL-1 (CFH&lt;sub&gt;SCR 1-7&lt;/sub&gt;), several deletion constructs of CFH (CFH&lt;sub&gt;SCR8-20&lt;/sub&gt;, CFH&lt;sub&gt;SCR15-20&lt;/sub&gt;, CFH&lt;sub&gt;SCR15-19&lt;/sub&gt;, CFH&lt;sub&gt;SCR19-20&lt;/sub&gt;) or recombinant CFHR-1 (CFHR-1). Bound proteins were visualized using either polyclonal anti-CFH immune serum (α-CFH) or mAb specific for SCR19-20 (JHD7) or CFHR-1 protein (JHD8), respectively. (B) Binding of CFH and deletion mutants to HcpA as analyzed by surface plasmon resonance. Recombinant HcpA was immobilized to the surface of a sensor chip and CFH or various deletion mutants (CFH&lt;sub&gt;SCR15-20&lt;/sub&gt;, CFH&lt;sub&gt;SCR19-20&lt;/sub&gt;, CFH&lt;sub&gt;SCR15-19&lt;/sub&gt;) were applied in the fluid phase. No binding was detectable for CFH&lt;sub&gt;SCR15-19&lt;/sub&gt; mutant. (C) Schematic representation of the CFH, CFHL-1 and CFHR-1 protein. Complement regulatory domains in SCR1-4 are shown in gray and the HcpA binding region in SCR20 of CFH and the corresponding SCR5 of CFHR-1 are highlighted in black with white fonts. SCR domains are aligned vertically according to their amino acid sequence similarities.&lt;/p&gt;
<title>Advanced Symbolic And Inference Optical Correlation Filter Results</title> (1989)

New optical correlation filter results are reviewed for use in symbolic and inference correlators for ATR scene analysis. MACE filter synthesis has attractive properties that include: easily detectable peaks, distortion-invariance, simplified training set selection, solutions to input bias effects, performance in high noise, performance in real background clutter, region-of-interest MACE filters, filter quantization tests, and less clutter with its reduced number of training set images.
Environmental meaning analysis approach case study Hawaii, USA (2015)

Understanding the large-scale environment has never been more important than today. Ecological parameters are changing drastically all over the world, and there is no answer why it is happening. There are so many environmental characteristics which we are able to measure and monitor. However, we do not really understand the meaning of all these environmental measurements. In this research we propose the environmental meaning analysis approach for ecology observation through various sensors that can be used for providing the meaning of the environmental parameters. The significant feature of this research is that we target on many different characteristics of the ecology and consider them all together in one combined model, which allows us to discover valuable knowledge about the condition of the environment.
1,2-Dihydro-1-oxopyrrolo[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazine-2-carboxamides and congeners, dual cyclooxygenase/5-lipoxygenase inhibitors with anti-inflammatory activity (1990)

A series of 1,2-dihydro-1-oxopyrrolo[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazine, 1,2-dihydro-1-oxopyrrolo[3,2,1-kl]phenoxazine, and 1,2-dihydro-1-oxopyrrolo[3,2,1-de]acridine-2-carboxamides were prepared by reaction of 1,2-dihydro-1-oxo-pyrrolo[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazine or other corresponding phenoxazine and acridan ethyl or methyl esters with appropriate amines. Several members of this family were found to be potent, dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism and to have in vivo antiinflammatory activity in the rat foot edema assay. Structure-activity relationships within this family of compounds are described. 1,2-Dihydro-N-(2-thiazolyl)-1-oxopyrrolo[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazine-1- carboxamide (34) was found to be one of the best compounds to display potent cyclooxygenase/5-lipoxygenase inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism. Its IC50s against the enzymes sourced from rat basophillic leukemia-1 (RBL-1) cells were 0.07 and 1.4 microM, respectively. It was active in the rat foot edema test for antiinflammatory effect (48% inhibition at 33 mg/kg po) and in the mouse phenylbenzoquinone induced writhing test for analgesic effect (93% inhibition at 32 mg/kg po).
The recombinant C-terminus of the human MUC2 mucin forms dimers in Chinese-hamster ovary cells and heterodimers with full-length MUC2 in LS 174T cells (2003)

The entire cDNA corresponding to the C-terminal cysteine-rich domain of the human MUC2 apomucin, after the serine- and threonine-rich tandem repeat, was expressed in Chinese-hamster ovary-K1 cells and in the human colon carcinoma cell line, LS 174T. The C-terminus was expressed as a fusion protein with the green fluorescent protein and mycTag sequences and the murine immunoglobulin kappa-chain signal sequence to direct the protein to the secretory pathway. Pulse-chase studies showed a rapid conversion of the C-terminal monomer into a dimer in both Chinese-hamster ovary-K1 and LS 174T cells. Disulphide-bond-stabilized dimers secreted into the media of both cell lines had a higher apparent molecular mass compared with the intracellular forms. The MUC2 C-terminus was purified from the spent culture medium and visualized by molecular electron microscopy. The dimer nature of the molecule was visible clearly and revealed that each monomer was attached to the other by a large globular domain. Gold-labelled antibodies against the mycTag or green fluorescent protein revealed that these were localized to the ends opposite to the parts responsible for the dimerization. The C-terminus expressed in LS 174T cells formed heterodimers with the full-length wild-type MUC2, but not with the MUC5AC mucin, normally expressed in LS 174T cells. The homodimers of the MUC2 C-termini were secreted continuously from the LS 174T cells, but no wild-type MUC2 secretion has been observed from these cells. This suggests that the information for sorting the MUC2 mucin into the regulated secretory pathway in cells having this ability is present in parts other than the C-terminus of MUC2.
Investment Casting with Ice Patterns Made by Rapid Freeze Prototyping 66 (2000)

One of the most promising applications of rapid freeze prototyping (RFP) is making metal parts by investment casting with the built ice parts. The integration of RFP and investment casting allows fast creation of complex net-shape metal parts directly from their CAD models. The advantages of doing so include no part geometric complexity limitation, no experience of parting line design and assembling needed, clean and low-cost of process operation, and good performance. In this paper, we will present our recent study on binder selection, slurry making, ceramic shell making, and the casting results of the metal parts.
Toolkit support for interactive projected displays (2012)

This paper presents a software toolkit designed to enable the rapid development of multimedia-rich, multi-touch enabled, and interactive projection-based displays. For instance: door displays, floor displays, wall displays, and interactive tables. Despite recent technological advances and the commercialization of hardware required to achieve this at a relatively low cost, creating and deploying such displays remains a difficult task, even for those with the essential technical skills and experience. We assert that greater accessibility of toolkits like the one presented in this paper will reduce these barriers and allow people (not necessarily from the ubiquitous computing domain) to apply the technology to their own fields. To assess this toolkit's suitability for this role, we present a system and usability evaluation. We observed that participants were able to quickly create their own novel display deployments. Our findings offer insights for potential toolkit users and those considering how to write programs for future ubiquitous projected display environments.
Cellular organisation of the Arabidopsis thaliana root (1993)

The anatomy of the developing root of Arabidopsis is described using conventional histological techniques, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The root meristem is derived from cells of the hypophysis and adjacent cells of the embryo proper. The postembryonic organization of the root is apparent in the mature embryo and is maintained in the growing primary root after germination. Cell number and location is relatively invariant in the primary root, with 8 cortical and endodermal cell files but more variable numbers of pericycle and epidermal cells. The organisation of cells in lateral roots is similar to that of the primary root but with more variability in the numbers of cell files in each layer. [3H]thymidine labeling of actively growing roots indicates that a quiescent centre of four central cells (derived from the hypophysis) is located between the root cap columella and the stele. This plate of four cells is surrounded by three groups of cells in, proximal, distal and lateral positions. The labeling patterns of these cells suggest that they are the initials for the files of cells that comprise the root. They give rise to four sets of cell files: the stele, the cortex and endodermis, the epidermis and lateral root-cap and the columella. A model of meristem activity is proposed based on these data. This description of Arabidopsis root structure underpins future work on the developmental genetics of root morphogenesis.
Prevention of Preterm Parturition (2014)

This article reviews risk factors for preterm delivery, with special attention to previous preterm birth and a short cervix. Strategies for minimizing the risk of preterm birth among high-risk women, including progesterone supplementation and cerclage, are discussed.
Studies on quantitative phosphopeptide analysis by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry without label, chromatography or calibration curves (2014)

The mathematical relationship derived here can be applied to a method that we term Double Reciprocal Isotope-free Phosphopeptide Quantification (DRIP-Q), as a strategy for quantification of in vitro phosphorylation assays, the first MALDI-based, isotope- and calibration curve-free method of its type. These results also pave the way for further systematic studies investigating the effect of peptide composition and experimental conditions on quantitative, label-free MALDI.
Visual Reasoning of Feature Attribution with Deep Recurrent Neural Networks (2019)

Deep Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) has gained popularity in many sequence classification tasks. Beyond predicting a correct class for each data instance, data scientists also want to understand what differentiating factors in the data have contributed to the classification during the learning process. We present a visual analytics approach to facilitate this task by revealing the RNN attention for all data instances, their temporal positions in the sequences, and the attribution of variables at each value level. We demonstrate with real-world datasets that our approach can help data scientists to understand such dynamics in deep RNNs from the training results, hence guiding their modeling process.
What is the state of the art in orthopaedic thromboprophylaxis in lower extremity reconstruction? (2011)

Venous thromboembolic events, including deep venous thromboses and pulmonary embolisms, have a high risk of occurrence in patients treated with lower extremity arthroplasty and hip fracture surgery. Although the prevalence of these complications has been lowered with the use of venous thromboembolic prophylaxis, the current rate is still troublesome because of the possibility of death or the need for lifetime treatment of postthrombotic syndrome and/or pulmonary hypertension. Prophylactic methods currently include mechanical devices and pharmacologic agents. Mechanical devices are difficult to compare because they are not standardized, the devices are often used in multimodal prophylactic regimens, and the devices cannot be used when the patient is ambulating or at home. A new portable compression device allows use during ambulation and can be used by the patient at home. A recent study of this portable device in patients treated with total hip arthroplasty showed an efficacy similar to that of low-molecular-weight heparin, with fewer major bleeding complications. Pharmacologic prophylaxis includes low-molecular-weight heparin, synthetic pentasaccharide, warfarin, and aspirin. All of these agents have different degrees of efficacy and safety. New oral agents for thromboprophylaxis are on the horizon but are not yet approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
Lateralized Cerebellar Contributions to Word Generation: A Phonemic and Semantic Fluency Study (2010)

Impairment on verbal fluency tasks has been one of the more consistently reported neuropsychological findings after cerebellar lesions, but it has not been uniformly observed and the possible underlying cognitive basis has not been investigated. We tested twenty-two patients with chronic, unilateral cerebellar lesions (12 Left, 10 Right) and thirty controls on phonemic and semantic fluency tasks. We measured total words produced, words produced in the initial 15 seconds, errors and strategy switches. In the phonemic fluency task, the right cerebellar lesion (RC) group produced significantly fewer words compared to the left cerebellar lesion (LC) group and healthy controls, particularly over the first 15 seconds of the task with no increase in errors and significantly fewer switches over the entire task. In the semantic fluency task there was only a modest decrease in total words in the RC group compared to controls. RC lesions impair fluency with many of the same performance characteristics as left prefrontal lesions. This supports the hypotheses of a prefrontal-lateral cerebellar system for modulation of attention/executive or strategy demanding tasks.
REGULATION OF INTERLEUKIN-1?? AND 12-O-TETRADECANOYLPHORBOL-13-ACETATE-INDUCED BIOSYNTHESIS OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA IN HUMAN HEPATOMA CELLS (2006)

TNF-alpha plays a major role in a variety of liver diseases and is mainly produced by monocytes and macrophages. In hepatocytes no constitutive expression of TNF-alpha is detectable. Aim of the study was to assess TNF-alpha expression in human hepatoma cells HepG2 by RT-PCR, reporter gene analysis, and ELISA after stimulation with IL-1β and TPA. IL-1β and TPA induced TNF-alpha biosynthesis and led to a phosphorylation of the transcription factors c-Jun and ATF2. Upregulation of TNF-alpha promoter activity by IL-1β or TPA was impaired by dominant-negative mutants of c-Jun and ATF2. Furthermore, secretion of TNF-alpha protein was reduced after lentiviral gene transfer of dominant-negative mutants of c-Jun and ATF2. Reporter gene analysis revealed an important role of the TPA-/cAMP responsive element (TRE/CRE) in stimulated TNF-alpha gene transcription. Expression of MAP kinase phosphatase-1, which inactivates the protein kinases ERK, p38, and JNK, completely inhibited stimulated upregulation of TNF-alpha gene transcription and secretion. The fact that stress-activated protein kinases target the TNF-alpha gene in hepatoma cells via the TRE/CRE element was corroborated by expression experiments involving p38 and MEKK1 protein kinases. We conclude that IL-1β and TPA induce TNF-alpha biosynthesis in HepG2 cells via signal transduction pathways involving transcription factors ATF2 and c-Jun and stress-activated protein kinases.
The natural productome (2017)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.