gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term response with everolimus for metastatic renal cell carcinoma refractory to sunitinib (2010)

A 70-year-old man with metastatic renal cell carcinoma developed progressive liver metastases after 8 weeks of treatment with the multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sunitinib. He then participated in the phase III placebo-controlled clinical trial of the oral mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus, initially randomized to placebo (but had disease progression after 3 months) and crossed over to everolimus at time of unblinding. The patient had stable disease after 8 weeks (two cycles) of everolimus that was maintained until 28 months of therapy, at which time the patient had achieved a partial response. This case illustrates the potential for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, a malignancy with historically poor prognosis, to derive long-term benefit from everolimus when used in a manner consistent with its approved indication (after TKI therapy with sunitinib or sorafenib).
Evidence for the Accumulation of Atmospheric Lead by Insects in Areas of High Traffic Density (1973)

The rise in concentration of atmospheric lead pollutants is causing increased concern among ecologists. An inventory of the sources of lead emission in the United States shows that 98% of the total emissions of lead result from the burning of leaded gasoline in internal combustion engines (Anonymous 1972).
FeII‐Spincrossover‐Komplexe in ultradünnen Filmen: elektronische Struktur und Spinschaltung durch sichtbares und Vakuum‐UV‐Licht (2014)

Abstract Die elektronische Struktur des Fe II ‐Spincrossover‐Komplexes [Fe(H 2 bpz) 2 (phen)], deponiert als ultradünner Film auf Au(111), wird mithilfe von UV‐Photoelektronenspektroskopie (UPS) im High‐Spin‐ und im Low‐Spin‐Zustand bestimmt. Dies ermöglicht es auch, den thermischen sowie den photoinduzierten Spinübergang in diesem System zu verfolgen. Der Komplex wird ebenfalls durch Bestrahlung mit Vakuum‐UV‐Licht in den metastabilen High‐Spin‐Zustand überführt. Relaxationsraten nach Photoanregung werden als Funktion der Temperatur bestimmt. Sie zeigen einen Übergang von thermisch aktiviertem zu Tunnelverhalten und sind zwei Größenordnungen höher als im Volumenmaterial.
Cooperating Brokers to Support Cooperative Work (1994)

We motivate the utility of brokering systems in CSCW and highlight the requirements of cooperative brokering.We also demonstrate how we have augmented the infrastructure of a prototype CSCW environment called SHASTRA to accomodate cooperative brokering.Several applications and possible scenarios of CSCW with cooperative brokering are a/so presented.We describe how cooperating brokers can be used to exploit plurality and commonality of tasks in a cooperative setting, improving throughput for the entire group.
A Single Amino Acid Substitution Changes Ribonuclease 4 from a Uridine-Specific to a Cytidine-Specific Enzyme (1998)

The structural features underlying the strong uridine specificity of ribonuclease 4 (RNase 4) are largely unknown. It has been hypothesized that the negatively charged alpha-carboxylate is close to the pyrimidine binding pocket, due to a unique C-terminal deletion. This would suppress the cleavage of cytidine-containing substrates [Zhou, H.-M., and Strydom, D. J. (1993) Eur. J. Biochem. 217, 401-410]. Replacement of the alpha-carboxylate by an alpha-carboxamide in a fragment complementation system decreased both (kcat/Km)CpA and (kcat/Km)UpA , thus refuting the hypothesis. However, model building showed that the deletion allowed the side chain of Arg-101 to reach the pyrimidine binding pocket. From the 386-fold reduction in (kcat/Km)UpA in RNase 4;R101N, it is concluded that this residue functions in uridine binding, analogous to Ser-123 in RNase A. In addition, it may have an effect on Asp-80. The 2-fold increase in (kcat/Km)CpA in the mutant R101N and the close proximity of the side chains of Arg-101 and Asp-80 suggested that the latter could be involved in suppressing CpA catalysis. The substrate specificity of RNase 4;D80A was completely reversed: (kcat/Km)UpA decreased 159-fold, whereas (kcat/Km)CpA increased 233-fold. The effect on CpA was unexpected, because the corresponding residue in bovine pancreatic RNase A (Asp-83) hardly affects cytidine-containing substrates. Furthermore, the residue is conserved in nearly all sequences of mammalian RNase 1. Thus, an evolutionary highly conserved residue does not necessarily function in the same way in homologous enzymes. A model, which proposes that the structure of RNase 4 has been optimized to permanently fix the position of Asp-80 and impede its movement away from the pyrimidine binding pocket, is presented.
Solution concepts in coevolutionary algorithms (2004)

Inspired by the principle of natural selection, coevolutionary algorithms are search methods in which processes of mutual adaptation occur amongst agents that interact strategically. The outcomes of interaction reveal a reward structure that guides evolution towards the discovery of increasingly adaptive behaviors. Thus, coevolutionary algorithms are often used to search for optimal agent behaviors in domains of strategic interaction. 
Coevolutionary algorithms require little a priori knowledge about the domain. We assume the learning task necessitates the algorithm to (1) discover agent behaviors, (2) learn the domain's reward structure, and (3) approximate an optimal solution. Despite the many successes of coevolutionary optimization, the practitioner frequently observes a gap between the properties that actually confer agent adaptivity and those expected (or desired) to yield adaptivity, or optimality. This gap is manifested by a variety of well-known pathologies, such as cyclic dynamics, loss of fitness gradient, and evolutionary forgetting. 
This dissertation examines the divergence between expectation and actuality in co-evolutionary algorithms—why selection pressures fail to conform to our beliefs about adaptiveness, or why our beliefs are evidently erroneous. When we confront the pathologies of coevolutionary algorithms as a collection, we find that they are essentially epiphenomena of a single fundamental problem, namely a lack of rigor in our solution concepts . 
A solution concept is a formalism with which to describe and understand the incentive structures of agents that interact strategically. All coevolutionary algorithms implement some solution concept, whether by design or by accident, and optimize according to it. Failures to obtain the desiderata of “complexity” or “optimality” often indicate a dissonance between the implemented solution concept and that required by our envisaged goal. 
We make the following contributions: (1) We show that solution concepts are the critical link between our expectations of coevolution and the outcomes actually delivered by algorithm operation, and are therefore crucial to explicating the divergence between the two, (2) We provide analytic results that show how solution concepts bring our expectations in line with algorithmic reality, and (3) We show how solution concepts empower us to construct algorithms that operate more in line with our goals.
Delayed-enhancement cardiac MRI in the evaluation of cardiomyopathies (2010)

Cardiomyopathies are a diverse group of disorders with etiologies ranging from ischemic to infiltrative. Clinical differentiation may be complex, but diagnosis is essential as complications include congestive heart failure and sudden death. Recent developments in cardiac MRI, particularly the implementation of delayed-enhancement imaging has introduced a novel approach to noninvasive tissue characterization that can more accurately differentiate the spectrum of cardiomyopathies. This article summarizes the comprehensive diagnostic abilities of cardiac MRI in defining cardiac anatomy and physiology and, more importantly, identifying pathologic tissues and differentiating those with substrates amenable to therapy. The value of delayed-enhancement imaging in prognostics will also be presented.
Car Inspection System (2015)

A car's check-up and inspection are considered as important processes that should be performed periodically, in car rental, maintenance, and insurance companies. These processes expend the companies’ efforts and take a long time in inspecting the car's body as part of its admission to maintenance or its return to the car rental company. Currently, a car body's inspection process is done manually; therefore, this needs more time and effort to be completed. In the same time, it negatively affects the accuracy of the process because a human eye can hardly detect the scratches and dents on a car's body. From this point, our role comes in building an automated Car Inspection System (CIS). The system aims to automate exploring the car body defects such as scratches and dents, decrease the use of papers and loss of data, and make the inspection process more efficient. The car has to be placed in a certain parking area and a correct position using the sensors; then, CIS will start its process. There are two situations: car reception and car admission. Using professional cameras and storing them in CIS database in car reception, the system will take pictures of the car from its different sides. While the car is in admission, the system will take new pictures of the car to compare them with the pictures stored during the first time of admission for inspection using image processing technique. If there are any differences between the pictures, the system will highlight them directly. The database will be updated with the new pictures of the car and, finally, a report with the inspection's details will be sent via email to the customer and system administrator. CIS is implemented by using ASP.NET in C#, Microsoft SQL Server 2008, and Canon camera SDK (System Development Toolkit). Practically, CIS facilitates the inspection process by reducing time and effort; moreover, the car's inspection accuracy has increased. The availability of this product in companies contributes to make a worthy impression about the company, and this reflects the efficiency of its work through performing an automated inspection process.
Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: Therapeutic potentials and limitations (2006)

Embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines, derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocyst-stage embryos, are pluripotent and have a virtually unlimited capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into derivatives of all three germ layers. Human ESCs (hESCs), in particular, are the subject of intensive investigation for potential applications in developmental biology and medicine. A promising aspect of hESCs is their ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMs), which generally lack the capacity to regenerate, and therefore their potential for cell-replacement heart therapies. Molecular, cellular and physiological analyses demonstrate that hESC-derived CMs are functionally viable and that they exhibit characteristics typical of heart cells in the early stages of cardiac development. This article reviews the current state of hESC-CM research, their therapeutic potentials and limitations. © 2006 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Modification of the Fries Type Rearrangement of theO-Enol Acyl Group UsingN,N-Dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide and 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (1993)

3-Acyl-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-pyrones are prepared in one step from carboxylic acids and β-keto-δ-valerolactones using N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine. This reaction includes O-acylation and Fries type rearrangement of O-enol acyl group toward adjacent carbon atom. This method is also extended to the preparation of 3-acyl-4-hydroxy-2-pyrones, 2-acyl-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-ones and 5-acyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-diones.
Action Spectrum for Carotenogenesis in Myxococcus xanthus (1969)

An action spectrum was measured for photoinduction of colored carotenoids in dark-grown, early stationary-phase cells of Myxococcus xanthus. Maximum activity was observed at 405 to 410 nm with subsidiary maxima at 512, 533, 548, 585, and 635 nm. These maxima correspond closely in position and magnitude with absorption maxima of protoporphyrin IX, which had previously been isolated from M. xanthus cells and had been shown to increase during the stationary phase of the culture. Late stationary-phase, dark-grown cells undergo photolysis which had been shown to have an action spectrum resembling the absorption spectrum of protoporphyrin IX. The similarity of the action spectra of photolysis and photoinduced carotenogenesis in M. xanthus and of other photoinduced biological phenomena is discussed.
FAULT-MANAGEMENT ON SYSTEM’S LEVEL IN CAN-BASED “SHARED-CLOCK” ENVIRONMENTS (2017)

This paper is in continuation to our previous work “Improving flexibility and fault-management in CAN-based “Shared-Clock” architectures”, published in the Journal of Microprocessors and Microsystems (Volume 37, 2013, issue 1, pages 9-23) which was concerned with fault-management on embedded level.  In this paper, we intend to show that the use of a Port Guardian (PG) mechanism can also improve fault-management on system’s level.
Mechanisms of constitutive NF‐κB activation in human prostate cancer cells (2002)

The constitutive activation of NF-kappaB observed in prostate cancer cells is likely due to a signal transduction pathway involving tyrosine kinases, NIK, and IKK activation.
Silicon Nano-Pillar Test Structures for Quantitative Evaluation of Wafer Drying Induced Pattern Collapse (2011)

Silicon nano-pillars as test structures for quantitative evaluation of advanced wafer drying are presented. The method consists of the use of pillar structures with an aspect ratio up to 28 in combination with top-down SEM inspection and subsequent image analysis for quantification. The test vehicle allows characterizing cleaning techniques by a threshold aspect ratio below which value the features do not collapse. As such, a higher critical aspect ratio corresponds to a superior wetting/drying method. Furthermore, as the metrology is specific and includes cluster size distribution analysis, it can bring new insights in the mechanism of pattern collapse.
Concrete Masonry Unit Wall and Retrofit Analysis Using Simplified Methods (2004)

Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU) wall construction is prevalent throughout the United States and the world. While masonry provides adequate strength for conventional design loads, in many circumstances it is inadequate for meeting the minimum standards mandated for blast protection of new and renovated government construction. Protection of military and civilian occupants of masonry structures has received long needed research, due to increased terrorist threat and government mandates for new construction and renovation of federal buildings. The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) has been involved in blast resistant structures research for decades. In the last ten years analytic approaches developed for hardened structures were adapted to terrorist bombings of conventional construction. In addition, simplified response surface based methods, developed to access damage from accidental explosions, were employed to develop models for terrorist bomb attack. These pressure-impulse (P-I) methods were derived from limited data sets and single-degree-of-freedom analytic models. Retrofits to mitigate blast hazard to occupants of masonry structures have been the focus of recent ERDC research. This research resulted in economical retrofits to reduce debris hazard for occupants rather than to blast-harden the masonry structures. This paper summarizes the development and use of simplified models for the analysis and design of CMU walls and the experimental programs used for model validation.
Influence of Skin Diseases on Fingerprint Recognition (2012)

There are many people who suffer from some of the skin diseases. These diseases have a strong influence on the process of fingerprint recognition. People with fingerprint diseases are unable to use fingerprint scanners, which is discriminating for them, since they are not allowed to use their fingerprints for the authentication purposes. First in this paper the various diseases, which might influence functionality of the fingerprint-based systems, are introduced, mainly from the medical point of view. This overview is followed by some examples of diseased finger fingerprints, acquired both from dactyloscopic card and electronic sensors. At the end of this paper the proposed fingerprint image enhancement algorithm is described.
Response by Nallamothu to Letter Regarding Article, “Effects of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Death and Myocardial Infarction Stratified by Stable and Unstable Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials” (2020)

We thank Dr Boden for his interest in the meta-analysis on the effects of revascularization outcomes with percutaneous coronary intervention by Chacko et al. We have reviewed the response by the authors including their decision to exclude the VANQWISH trial (Veterans Affairs Non-Q-Wave Infarction Strategies in Hospital) from their primary report. We understand that reasonable researchers (eg, Dr Boden) will disagree. We were pleased to see that for the most part, the results from the study by Chacko et al remain unchanged with inclusion of VANQWISH. We also agree, however, with the authors' response that uncertainty may suggest the need for further work in this space.
Virtual Reality Urban Planning Simulation Tool (Version 2) (2004)

PC based software (Virtual Reality Simulation Program). Project description and video demonstration attached to this record.
Robust visual tracking via weighted incremental subspace learning (2010)

A method is proposed for tracking objects in face with varying viewpoints and partial occlusions. A low-dimensional subspace is built to model the appearance of the target. And each image sample is presented as a coefficient vector in the subspace. A collection of image patches are sampled as the candidates of the object image region in the current frame, and their likelihoods of being the object are evaluated resorting to the reconstructions from the corresponding coefficient vectors. The image patch with highest likelihood is selected as the object image region. Finally, the subspace is incrementally updated based on the coefficient vectors, which are assigned with the temporal weights to enhance the adaptability of the tracker. Experimental results show that our proposed method can locate the target accurately even when the target undergoes changes in viewpoints and partial occlusions.
Molecular characterization and in situ localization of murine endoglin reveal that it is a transforming growth factor-beta binding protein of endothelial and stromal cells (1994)

Endoglin is an integral membrane glycoprotein predominantly expressed on human endothelial cells and recently shown to bind transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1) with high affinity. We now report the cloning and sequencing of a full-length murine endoglin complementary DNA of 2902 base pairs which hybridizes specifically with a single messenger RNA (mRNA) species. The polypeptide of 653 amino acids has an overall identity of 72% with human and porcine endoglin. The transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of all three proteins differ by two to four amino acids and are 70% identical to the corresponding regions of the TGF beta binding protein, betaglycan. Relative levels of murine endoglin mRNA were estimated by polymerase chain reaction and found to be high in ovary and uterus, intermediate in heart and muscle, and low in placenta and spleen. In situ hybridization and immunofluorescence confirmed that murine endoglin, like its human counterpart, is present in blood vessels and capillaries in all tissues examined. In addition, the stromal cells in the connective tissue of intestine, stomach, heart, muscle, uterus, ovary, and testis were strongly and specifically reactive with complementary RNA probes and with a polyclonal antibody to endoglin; epithelial cell layers were distinctly unreactive. This distribution is similar to that of extracellular TGF beta 1, particularly in heart and uterus, and suggests that endoglin on stromal fibroblast-like cells might be regulating access of TGF beta 1 to the signaling receptor complex. NCTC-2071 fibroblasts in culture were shown to express high levels of endoglin mRNA by polymerase chain reaction. After chemical cross-linking with [125I]TGF beta 1 and immunoprecipitation with the polyclonal antihuman endoglin serum, a radiolabeled band of mol wt 180,000 corresponding to dimeric endoglin was observed under nonreducing conditions, whereas a single band of mol wt 90,000 was seen under reducing conditions. Thus murine fibroblast endoglin is capable of binding TGF beta 1. Future studies should establish the specialized role of endoglin in the TGF beta receptor complex of endothelial and stromal cells.
Recombinant Nodulation Plasmids in Rhizobium leguminosarum (1982)

Plasmids pRL1JI and pRL6JI, which carry determinants essential for symbiosis in Rhizobium leguminosarum feld isolates 248 and 128C53, respectively, were both incompatible with two other transmissible plasmids that did not carry symbiotic determinants. When derivatives of these two plasmids (pRL3JI or pRL4JI) were introduced into a strain which already contained pRL1JI or pRL6JI, recombinant replicons were often obtained: these were of uniform size for each pair of incompatible plasmids. Recombinant nodulation plasmids were also observed following infrequent interactions with pRL10JI, a natural nodulation plasmid that does not belong to the same incompatibility group as pRL3JI or pRL4JI. By the formation of a recombinant nodulation plasmid, it has been possible to transfer the determinants for nodulation ability (Nod+), nitrogen fixation (Fix+) and hydrogen uptake (Hup+) from pRL6JI, a plasmid that was not self-transmissible, on to a replicon that was transmissible at high frequency and carried a selectable drug resistance marker. In the case of pRL10JI, which is also a non-transmissible nodulation plasmid, the formation of a recombinant nodulation plasmid transferred the symbiotic determinants to a transmissible replicon belonging to a different incompatibility group from pRL10JI itself.