gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction of Mendelsohn designs by using quasigroups of (2,q)-varieties (2017)

Let $q$ be a positive integer. An algebra is said to have the property $(2,q)$ if all of its subalgebras generated by two distinct elements have exactly $q$ elements. A variety $\mathcal {V}$ of algebras is a variety with the property $(2,q)$ if every member of $\mathcal {V}$ has the property $(2,q)$. Such varieties exist only in the case of $q$ prime power. By taking the universes of the subalgebras of any finite algebra of a variety with the property $(2,q)$, $2<q$, blocks of Steiner system of type $(2,q)$ are obtained. The stated correspondence between Steiner systems of type $(2,3)$ and the finite algebras of the varieties with the property $(2,3)$ is a folklore. There are also more general and significant results on $(2,q)$-varieties which can be considered as a part of an ``algebraic theory of Steiner systems''. Here we discuss another connection between the universal algebra and the theory of combinatorial designs, and that is the relationship between the finite algebras of such varieties and Mendelsohn designs. We prove that these algebras can be used not only as models of Steiner systems, but for construction of Mendelsohn designs, as well. For any two elements $a$ and $b$ of a groupoid, we define a sequence generated by the pair $(a,b)$ in the following way: $w_0=a$, $w_1=b$, and $w_k=w_{k-2}\cdot w_{k-1}$ for $k\ge 2$. If there is an integer $p>0$ such that $w_p=a$ and $w_{p+1}=b$, then for the least number with this property we say that it is the period of the sequence generated by the pair $(a,b)$. Then the sequence can be represented by the cycle $(w_0,w_1,\dots ,w_{p-1})$. The main purpose of this paper is to show that all of the sequences generated by pairs of distinct elements in arbitrary finite algebra of a variety with the property $(2,q)$ have the same periods (we say it is the period of the variety), and they contain unique appearance of each ordered pair of distinct elements. Thus, the cycles with period $p$ obtained by a finite quasigroup of a variety with the property $(2,q)$ are the blocks (all of them of order $p$) of a Mendelsohn design.
Effective Color Tuning in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Aluminum Tris(5‐aryl‐8‐hydroxyquinoline) Complexes (2004)

Tris(quinolate)AlIII (Alq3)-based metallocomplexes with electron- deficient or electron-rich aryl substituents display remarkable blue-to-red tuning of both photo- and electroluminescence, covering most of the visible-light region (see Figure). The correlation between the electronic properties of the aryl substituents, highest occupied–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) gap, and the emissive properties of the complexes suggests this approach may be used to design new light-emitting materials.
Action of Base on Quaternary Salts of Nicotinamide1-3 (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAction of Base on Quaternary Salts of Nicotinamide1-3Donald C. Dittmer and J. M. KolyerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 9, 2288–2294Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01044a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01044a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
512 × 512 Port 3D MEMS Optical Switch Module with Toroidal Concave Mirror (2012)

We present a 52 52 MEMS (microelectromechanical system) optical switch module in a Wshaped layout with a toroidal concave mirror.The 52-array optical components are made by assembling four 28-array components.The concave mirror minimizes the tilt angle of the MEMS mirrors.All of the optical path connections were demonstrated in a prototype module.
High-performance liquid metal cooling loops (2005)

We present a single-phase liquid cooling technology that exploits the highly conducting nature and superior thermophysical properties of liquid metals to cool high density power sources (>200 Wcm/sup -2/) with very high heat transfer coefficients (/spl sim/20 Wcm/sup -2/K/sup -1/), and pump the liquid metals using power-efficient, non-moving, gravity/orientation independent magnetofluiddynamic (MFD) pumps. We have implemented and characterized this cooling scheme using miniature (<5 cm/sup 3/) pumps operating at 25 kPa maximum pressure head and 10% efficiencies in a variety of computing applications including mobile notebooks, desktops, and servers.
Cell Tracking in Video Microscopy Using Bipartite Graph Matching (2010)

Automated visual tracking of cells from video microscopy has many important biomedical applications. In this paper, we model the problem of cell tracking over pairs of video microscopy image frames as a minimum weight matching problem in bipartite graphs. The bipartite matching essentially establishes one-to-one correspondences between the cells in different frames. A key advantage of using bipartite matching is the inherent scalability, which arises from its polynomial time-complexity. We propose two different tracking methods based on bipartite graph matching and properties of Gaussian distributions. In both the methods, i) the centers of the cells appearing in two frames are treated as vertices of a bipartite graph and ii) the weight matrix contains information about distance between the cells (in two frames) and cell velocity. In the first method, we identify fast-moving cells based on distance and filter them out using Gaussian distributions before the matching is applied. In the second method, we remove false matches using Gaussian distributions after the bipartite graph matching is employed. Experimental results indicate that both the methods are promising while the second method has higher accuracy.
X-Ray Sensing Pickup Tube (1988)

An X-ray sensing pickup tube free of white defects in the scanning area has been developed, and its characteristics have been evaluated. This pickup tube functions over a wide X-ray energy range, from 7 to 40 keV. The maximum spectral sensitivity, observed at a 20 keV photon energy, is 6×10 -17 A/(photons/s). The limiting resolution is about 8µm. A preliminary study for monochromatic X-ray microradiography has also been performed.
Magnetic nanoparticles for magnetomechanical cell destruction and magnetic hyperthermia agents (2015)

Recently, magnetic nanoparticles are gaining interest for use in magnetic biomedical applications, such as magnetomechanical cell destruction and magnetic hyperthermia. Biofunctionalized NiFe microdiscs, with the application of a low-frequency alternating magnetic field, have been used to demonstrate magnetomechanical cancer-cell destruction by generating an oscillatory motion that transmits a mechanical force to the cell [1]. A magnetization reversal can also occur in magnetic nanoparticles due to a high-frequency alternating magnetic field resulting in the production of thermal energy, which is expressed by the specific absorption rate (SAR) [2]. The heating ability of magnetic nanoparticles shows great potential for a non-invasive and powerful therapy technique for biomedical applications, such as magnetic hyperthermia. By focusing the magnetic nanoparticles at the tumor site, the temperature at the targeted region can be raised to 42-46 °C, which will greatly lower the viability of cancer cells. The advantage of these methods over the conventional cancer therapy is the localization of treatment of the cancer tumor, which minimizes the detrimental side effects experienced by the patient.
Comparative Study on Electromagnetic Tracking and Fiber Bragg Grating-based Catheter Shape Sensing (2022)

Shape sensing of flexible medical devices is receiving increased attention these days as it has the potential to offer clinicians improved guidance and help them to handle flexible instruments more easily during minimal invasive surgeries or interventions. Fiber optic-based shape sensing. e.g. via Fiber-Bragg Gratings (FBGs) is gaining popularity. Despite its high shape-sensing accuracy, fiber optic-based shape sensing methods often still requires extra position sensors, such as electromagnetic tracking (EMT), to localize the reconstructed shape with respect to a global reference frame. This can make the overall system complex and expensive. If EMTs are going to be used anyway, one wonders, if adding more EMTs could lead to an accuracy whereby the FBG can be omitted. This work hereto conducts a comparative study between an EMT-based and FBG-based shape sensing method. A fiber optic-based shape sensing method is implemented and compared with an EMT-only method. Static and dynamic experiments are carried out to verify the accuracy of the proposed method. The proposed EMT-based shape sensing method shows a mean error of approximately 7.1 mm (1.3%) for a sensed shape of 537 mm long catheter while that of the FBG-based method is 1.9 mm (0.45%).
Confined environments induce polarized paraspeckle condensates (2023)

Cancer cells experience confinement as they navigate the tumour microenvironment during metastasis. Recent studies have revealed that the nucleus can function as a 'ruler' for measuring physical confinement via membrane tension, allowing for compression-sensitive changes in migration. Cell nuclei contain many nuclear bodies that form when their components phase separate and condense within permissive local regions within the nucleus. However, how sub-nuclear organisation and phase separation changes with cell confinement and compression is largely unknown. Here we focus on paraspeckles, stress-responsive subnuclear bodies that form by phase separation around the long non-coding RNA NEAT1. As cells entered moderate confinement, a significant increase in paraspeckle number and size was observed compared to unconfined cells. Paraspeckle polarization bias towards the leading edge was also observed in confinement, correlating with regions of euchromatin. Increasing paraspeckle abundance resulted in increases in confined migration likelihood, speed, and directionality, as well as an enhancement of paraspeckle polarization towards the leading edge. This polarization of paraspeckle condensates may play a key role in regulating confined migration and invasion in cancer cells, and illustrates the utility of microchannel-based assays for identifying phenomena not observed on 2D or 3D bulk substrates.
Spatially Distributed Forcing and Jet Vectoring with a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuator (2008)

investigated. By pointing two plasma actuators at each other, an inverted impinging jet can be created as a result of the two independent jets colliding. By altering the strength of one of the jets relative to the other, the angle of separation can be changed. PIV data was taken to show the effects of altering the voltage (strength) applied to one of the actuators, relative to the other. It was found that with this method, jet vectoring could be achieved. The angle of the jet could be controlled a full 180 degrees through small changes in the voltage applied to the electrodes.
Novel Bioactive Oxazolomycin Isomers Produced by Streptomyces albus JA3453. (1998)

Two novel oxazolomycin isomers, oxazolomycins B (2) and C (3), were isolated from the fermentation broth of an oxazolomycin-producing strain, Streptomyces albus JA3453. Both compounds are geometrical isomers of oxazolomycin (1), the configurations of their triene moieties being (4'E, 6'E, 8'E) (2) and (4'Z, 6'E, 8'E) (3) while that of oxazolomycin (1) is (4'Z, 6'Z, 8'E). Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited potent inhibitory activity against crown gall formation with the same MIC (0.8 microgram/disk) as oxazolomycin. Compounds 2 and 3 showed no antibacterial activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, in contrast to oxazolomycin which has specific anti-A. tumefaciens activity.
Para uma fenomenologia das idades da vida (2017)

Our point of depart is the generative phenomenology of the last phase of Husserl that opened the possibility for phenomenological studies of the ages of life. The ages of life are understood as successive and integrative syntheses of the body motricity in its relation to the meaning of the world. The lived materiality of meaning in the body is taken as the first mode of intentionality. The relation of sense is constituted with others by intersubjectivity. The ages of life, in its first three syntheses, are categorized according to the appropriation of meaning in relation to language and following the classic Latin tradition: infans (not or pre-speaking), puer (the speaking child) and adulescens (the need new narrative of self in relation to the world).
Short Communication: A Comparison of the Biologic Activity of Two Recombinant IFN- β Preparations Used in the Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (2002)

Recent clinical trials with interferon-beta (IFN-beta) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) have clearly demonstrated that the IFN-beta dosing regimen affects the clinical efficacy, thereby highlighting the importance of determining the relative biologic activities of the IFN-beta products currently available. Although studies have been published that examine the biologic activities of the two structurally different forms of recombinant IFN-beta, IFN-beta1a (Rebif), Serono, Geneva, Switzerland) and IFN-beta1b (Betaseron)/Betaferon), Berlex [Montville, NJ]/Schering [Berlin, Germany]), there have been few direct comparative studies. Therefore, to obtain a more accurate estimate of the relative biologic activities of Rebif and Betaseron, this study examined the antiviral activities of these two products within the same assay system and against the same natural human IFN-beta standard. Whereas the manufacturers' information suggests that the bioactivity of Betaseron is only about 8.7-fold less than that of Rebif, the results of the present direct, comparative study show that Rebif has an antiviral activity 14 times greater than that of Betaseron. This may have important clinical implications, because on the basis of the results reported here, Rebif at 44 microg t.i.w. is approximately double the maximal licensed weekly dose for Betaseron.
Shaking Table Tests of the Smart Restorable Sliding Base Isolation System (SRSBIS) (2011)

This article reports on the experimental investigation of the Smart Restorable Sliding Base Isolation System (SRSBIS), proposed for the earthquake-resistant design of structures. SRSBIS is composed of steel-PTFE Flat Sliding Bearings (FSBs), supporting gravity loads while allowing large horizontal displacements, and superelastic Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires, providing the necessary horizontal stiffness and restoring capability. Three different configurations can be alternatively considered based on the arrangement of the SMA elements in vertical, bracing, and horizontal directions. A model scale test-structure has been set up for the system with the SMA wires arranged in vertical direction, representing the isolation units that can be practically used under each column of base-isolated buildings. A shaking table test program has been then conducted on the model structure. The experimental outcomes clearly showed that SRSBIS can be reliably used for the passive control of the seismic vibrations of buidlings and other structures.
Evolving driving controllers using Genetic Programming (2009)

Computational gaming requires the automatic generation of virtual opponents for different game levels. We have turned to artificial evolution to automatically generate such game players. In particular, we have used Genetic Programming to automatically evolve computer programs for computer gaming. With Genetic Programming, in theory, it is possible to generate any kind of program. The programs are not constrained as much as they are in other computational learning approaches, e.g. neural networks. We show how Genetic Programming improved upon a manually crafted race car driver (proportional controller). The open race car simulator TORCS was used to evaluate the virtual drivers.
1-Methylcyclopropene Influences ‘Empire’ and ‘Delicious’ Apple Quality during Long-term Commercial Storage (2007)

This study evaluated the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on ‘Empire’ and ‘Delicious’ apples ( Malus × domestica ) in commercial controlled atmosphere (CA) storage for 12 months and in commercial cold storage for 6 months. Apples were harvested and delivered by growers to a local commercial storage facility. Four different grower lots were chosen for each of three ‘Empire’ and two ‘Delicious’ storage rooms. Fruit were treated with 1-MCP (≈0.8–1.0 ppm) for 24 hours, while control fruit samples were held in a similar nearby storage room. After treatment, control samples were placed with matching 1-MCP-treated samples into either CA (2.5% O 2 + 2.5% CO 2 at 2.2 °C or 0 °C for ‘Empire’ and ‘Delicious’, respectively) or air storage at 0 to 1 °C. Initial maturity was relatively uniform among the grower lots, with internal ethylene concentration (IEC) averaging less than 1 ppm for ‘Empire’ and 2 to 3 ppm for ‘Delicious’. IEC was lower in apples treated with 1-MCP after air (3 or 6 months) or CA (6, 9, or 12 months) storage, but this effect was reduced after a 14-day ripening period at 22 °C, and was less dramatic in fruit from CA than from air storage. Apples treated with 1-MCP were also firmer than non-treated fruit upon removal from air or CA storage, and this difference became greater with increased poststorage time at 22 °C. 1-MCP-treated apples stored in air had higher soluble solids concentration (SSC), while there was no significant effect of 1-MCP on SSC in fruit held in CA. Core browning developed in ‘Empire’ held in air for 6 months or in CA for 9 or 12 months, and in ‘Delicious’ after 9 or 12 months in CA. 1-MCP decreased the incidence of core browning in ‘Empire’, but increased the incidence in ‘Delicious’. There was no significant effect of 1-MCP on the incidence of internal browning and storage rots, which developed in both cultivars.
Interactions between inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (1989)

The binding of substrates and inhibitors to dihydrofolate reductase was studied by steady-state kinetics and high-field 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. A series of 5-substituted 2,4-diaminopyrimidines were examined and were found to be 'tightly binding' inhibitors of the enzyme (Ki less than 10(-9) M). Studies on the binding of 4-substituted benzenesulphonamides and benzenesulphonic acids also established the existence of a 'sulphonamide-binding site' on the enzyme. Subsequent n.m.r. experiments showed that there are two binding sites for the sulphonamides on the enzyme, one of which overlaps the coenzyme (NADPH) adenine-ring-binding site. An examination of the pH-dependence of the binding of sulphonamides to the enzyme indicated the influence of an ionizable group on the enzyme that was not directly involved in the sulphonamide binding. The change in pKa value from 6.7 to 7.2 observed on sulphonamide binding suggests the involvement of a histidine residue, which could be histidine-28.
Random-anisotropy model: Monotonic dependence of the coercive field onD/J (1994)

We present the results of a numerical study of the zero-temperature remanence and coercivity for the random anisotropy model (RAM), showing that, contrary to early calculations for this model, the coercive field increases monotonically with increases in the strength D of the random anisotropy relative to the strength J at the exchange field. Local-field adjustments with and without spin flips are considered. Convergence is difficult to obtain for small values of the anisotropy, suggesting that this is the likely source of the nonmonotonic behavior found in earlier studies. For both large and small anisotropy, each spin undergoes about one flip per hysteresis cycle, and about half of the spin flips occur in the vicinity of the coercive field. When only non-spin-flip adjustments are considered, at large anisotropy the coercivity is proportional to the anisotropy. At small anisotropy, the rate of convergence is comparable to that when spin flips are included.
Tunneling Spectroscopy of M 3 C 60 Superconductors: The Energy Gap, Strong Coupling, and Superconductivity (1991)

Tunneling spectroscopy has been used to characterize the magnitude and temperature dependence of the superconducting energy gap (triangle up) for K(3)C(60) and Rb(3)C(60). At low temperature the reduced energy gap, 2triangle upkappaT(c) (where T(c) is the transition temperature) has a value of 5.3 +/- 0.2 and 5.2 +/- 0.3 for K(3)C(60) and Rb(3)C(60), respectively. The magnitude of the reduced gap for these materials is significantly larger than the value of 3.53 predicted by Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory. Hence, these results show that the pair-coupling interaction is strong in the M(3)C(60) superconductors. In addition, measurements of triangle up(T) for both K(3)C(60) and Rb(3)C(60) exhibit a similar mean-field temperature dependence. The characterization of triangle up and triangle up(T) for K(3)C(60) and Rb(3)C(60) provides essential constraints for theories evolving to describe superconductivity in the M(3)C(60) materials.
Low-frequency acoustic signal created by rising air-gun bubble (2017)

In the seismic industry, there is increasing interest in generating and recording low frequencies, which leads to better data quality and can be important for full-waveform inversion. The air gun is a seismic source with a signal that consists of the (1) main impulse, (2) oscillating bubble, and (3) rising of this air bubble. However, there has been little investigation of the third characteristic. We have studied a low-frequency signal that could be created by the rising air bubble and find the contribution to the low-frequency content in seismic acquisition. We use a simple theory and modeling of rising spheres in water and compute the acoustic signal created by this effect. We conduct tank and field experiments with a submerged buoy that is released from different depths and record the acoustic signal with hydrophones along the rising path. The experiments simulate the signal from the rising bubble separated from the other two effects (1 and 2). Furthermore, we use data recorded below a single air gun fired at different depths to investigate if we can observe the proposed signal. We find that the rising bubble creates a low-frequency signal. Compared with the main impulse and the oscillating bubble effect of an air-gun signal, the contribution of the rising bubble is weak, on the order of 1/900 depending on the bubble size. By using large air-gun arrays tuned to create one big bubble, the contribution of the signal can be increased. The enhanced signal can be important for deep targets or basin exploration because the low-frequency signal is less attenuated.