gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Culture materials affectex vivo expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells (1997)

Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic cells is important for applications such as cancer treatment, gene therapy, and transfusion medicine. While cell culture systems are widely used to evaluate the biocompatibility of materials for implantation, the ability of materials to support proliferation of primary human cells in cultures for reinfusion into patients has not been addressed. We screened a variety of commercially available polymer (15 types), metal (four types), and glass substrates for their ability to support expansion of hematopoietic cells when cultured under conditions that would be encountered in a clinical setting. Cultures of peripheral blood (PB) CD34+ cells and mononuclear cells (MNC) were evaluated for expansion of total cells and colony-forming unit-granulocyte monocyte (CFU-GM; progenitors committed to the granulocyte and/or monocyte lineage). Human hematopoietic cultures in serum-free medium were found to be extremely sensitive to the substrate material. The only materials tested that supported expansion at or near the levels of polystyrene were tissue culture polystyrene, Teflon perfluoroalkoxy, Teflon fluorinated ethylene propylene, cellulose acetate, titanium, new polycarbonate, and new polymethylpentene. MNC were less sensitive to the substrate materials than the primitive CD34+ progenitors, although similar trends were seen for expansion of the two cell populations on the substrates tested. CFU-GM expansion was more sensitive to substrate materials than was total cell expansion. The detrimental effects of a number of the materials on hematopoietic cultures appear to be caused by protein adsorption and/or leaching of toxins. Factors such as cleaning, sterilization, and reuse significantly affected the performance of some materials as culture substrates. We also used PB CD34+ cell cultures to examine the biocompatibility of gas-permeable cell culture and blood storage bags and several types of tubing commonly used with biomedical equipment. While many of the culture bag materials gave satisfactory results, all of the tubing materials severely inhibited total cell and CFU-GM expansion. Taken together, our results show that many materials approved for blood contact or considered biocompatible are not suitable for use with hematopoietic cells cultured in serum-free medium. As hematopoietic cultures are scaled up for a variety of clinical applications, it will be essential to carefully examine the biocompatibility of all materials involved.
URClearED – Defining the Remain Well Clear concept for airspace D-G classes in the European airspace (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2318.vid Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) are increasingly becoming a part of our day-to-day life, and the wide range of their possible applications is creating a new industry with a large economic potential that is pushing the technological developments at a much faster pace than that for manned aviation. However, due to constraints arising from safety and operational considerations, RPAS can currently only fly in segregated airspace, making their integration in the civil airspace an unsolved challenge. RPAS have to guarantee a level of safety at least equal to that of manned aircraft. Manned aviation follows the rules of the air. The notion “well-clear” is used in ICAO rules without giving exact definition of the term. Here, rules rely on the perception and judgement of the pilot. The capability to perform RWC and DAA is required for the full integration of RPAS with General Air Traffic (GAT). To this end, several rule-making bodies are working to define the required safety and performance objectives. An RPAS needs proper mathematical definitions of Remain-Well-Clear (RWC) in order to operate safely. When implementing RPAS into civil airspace, exact well-clear parameters have to be determined. In 2013, the second FAA workshop on Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) concluded that ‘there is a need for establishing an unambiguous and quantitative definition for well clear that can be used as a separation performance standard for an aircraft system’. In 2014, the SAA Science and Research Panel (SARP) provided a Well Clear Recommendation to RTCA SC-228, which was subsequently used in the first Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Detect and Avoid (DAA) systems, DO-365. The URClearED project intends to define the requirements and capabilities for the RWC function of a DAA system of an RPAS operating in Class D-G airspace also interacting with VFR flights. Particularly in airspace classes F-G IFR aircraft will not receive ATC-provided separation. Different European countries may define airspace classes and rules differently. Further, the congestion of the airspace and the characteristics of the VFR traffic may complicate the situation. When crossing state border airspace class and rules may change. This paper will report the definition of scenarios and use cases selected to evaluate the RWC function under the aforementioned conditions. RWC volume and threshold selection will be evaluated in a subsequent simulation and assessment phase. Scenarios will encompass all the relevant elements under analysis. The type of encounter are a primary factor, not only in terms of its geometry but also in terms of the rules under which the conflicting aircraft are operating and the specific airspace classes involved. This will impact the roles and responsibilities of involved actors. Transitions between different classes of airspace will also be considered, including states cross-border situations.
Epidemiology & management of persistent diarrhoea in children of developing countries. (1996)

Diarrhoea that begins acutely but lasts longer than two weeks is defined to be persistent. Revised estimates in developing countries including India showed that acute diarrhoea accounts for 35 per cent, dysentery 20 per cent and non-dysenteric persistent diarrhoea (PD) for 45 per cent of total diarrhoeal deaths. PD also often changes marginal malnutrition to more severe forms. Factors that increase the risk of acute diarrhoea becoming persistent have been identified in India and other developing countries. These include antecedent malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency particularly for zinc and vitamin A, transient impairment in cell mediated immunity, infection with entero aggregative Escherichia coli and cryptosporidium, sequential infection with different pathogens and lack of exclusive breast feeding during the initial four months of life particularly use of bovine milk. Several issues regarding the management of persistent diarrhoea in hospitalized children in India have been resolved. Diets providing modest amounts of milk mixed with cereals are well tolerated. In those who fail on such diets providing carbohydrate as a mixture of cereals and glucose or sucrose hasten recovery. The role of antimicrobial agents and individual micronutrients in PD is currently being investigated. A management algorithm appropriate for India and other developing countries has been developed and found to substantially reduce case fatality in hospital settings to about 2-3 per cent. Recent epidemiological and clinical research related to persistent diarrhoea is also reviewed.
On setting TCP's congestion window limit in mobile ad hoc networks (2004)

Improving TCP performance has long been the focus of many research efforts in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). In this paper, we address one aspect of this endeavor: how to properly set TCP's congestion window limit (CWL) to achieve optimal performance. Past research has shown that using a small CWL improves TCP performance in certain scenarios [M. Gerla et al., Feb. 1999], [Z. Fu et al., Apr. 2003], however, no comprehensive study has been given. To this end, we turn the problem of setting TCP's optimal CWL into identifying the bandwidth-delay product (BDP) of a path in MANET. We first show and prove that, independent of the MAC layer protocol being used, the BDP of a path in MANET cannot exceed the round-trip hop-count (RTHC) of the path. We further refine this upper bound based on the IEEE 802.11 MAC layer protocol, and show that in a chain topology, a tighter upper bound exists, which is approximately 1/5 of the RTHC of the path. Based on this tighter bound, we propose an adaptive CWL setting strategy to dynamically adjust TCP's CWL according to the current RTHC of its path. Using ns-2 simulations, we show that our simple strategy improves TCP performance by 8% to 16% in a dynamic MANET environment.
Spatiotemporal Maps of Proprioceptive Inputs to the Cervical Spinal Cord During Three-Dimensional Reaching and Grasping (2020)

Proprioceptive feedback is a critical component of voluntary movement planning and execution. Neuroprosthetic technologies aiming at restoring movement must interact with it to restore accurate motor control. Optimization and design of such technologies depends on the availability of quantitative insights into the neural dynamics of proprioceptive afferents during functional movements. However, recording proprioceptive neural activity during unconstrained movements in clinically relevant animal models presents formidable challenges. In this work, we developed a computational framework to estimate the spatiotemporal patterns of proprioceptive inputs to the cervical spinal cord during three-dimensional arm movements in monkeys. We extended a biomechanical model of the monkey arm with ex-vivo measurements, and combined it with models of mammalian group-Ia, Ib and II afferent fibers. We then used experimental recordings of arm kinematics and muscle activity of two monkeys performing a reaching and grasping task to estimate muscle stretches and forces with computational biomechanics. Finally, we projected the simulated proprioceptive firing rates onto the cervical spinal roots, thus obtaining spatiotemporal maps of spinal proprioceptive inputs during voluntary movements. Estimated maps show complex and markedly distinct patterns of neural activity for each of the fiber populations spanning the spinal cord rostro-caudally. Our results indicate that reproducing the proprioceptive information flow to the cervical spinal cord requires complex spatio-temporal modulation of each spinal root. Our model can support the design of neuroprosthetic technologies as well as in-silico investigations of the primate sensorimotor system.
Ring-coupled-oscillator sequentially rotated active antenna (2001)

In this paper, an active four-element patch antenna, backed by four GaAs monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit (MMIC) 4.4-GHz oscillators, self-locked by mutual coupling through a lumped capacitive ring MMIC network, has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The sequentially rotated arrangement given here when augmented with a lumped capacitive coupling network suggests that in-phase oscillator entrainment is guaranteed so that spatial power combination by the antenna array occurs with circular polarization characteristics.
Power Budgeting Techniques for Data Centers (2014)

The development of cloud computing and data science result in rapid increases of number and scale of data centers. Because of cost and sustainability concerns, energy efficiency has been a major goal for data center architects. Focusing on reducing the cooling power and making full use of available computing power, power budgeting is an increasingly important requirement for data center operations. In this paper, we present a framework of power budgeting, considering both computing power and cooling power, in data centers to maximize the system normalized performance (SNP) of the entire center under a total power budget. Maximizing the SNP for a given power budget is equivalent to maximizing the energy efficiency. We propose a method to partition the total power budget among the cooling and computing infrastructure in a self-consistent way, where the cooling power is sufficient to extract the heat of the computing power. Intertwinedly, we devise an optimal computing power budgeting technique based on dynamic programming algorithm to determine the optimal power caps for the individual servers such that the available power could be efficiently translated to performance improvements. The optimal computing budgeting technique leverages a proposed online throughput predictor based on performance counter measurements to estimate the change in throughput of heterogeneous workloads as a function of allocated server power caps. We demonstrate that our proposed power budgeting method outperforms previous methods by 3-4 percent in terms of SNP using our data center simulation environment. While maintaining the improvement of SNP, our method improve fairness at best by 57 percent. We also evaluate the performance of our method in power saving scenario and dynamic power budgeting case.
Folding of single‐stranded DNA on the histone octamer (1985)

A complex between the single-stranded DNA of the bacteriophage M13 and the histone octamer was analyzed by electron microscopy, low-angle X-ray diffraction and nuclease analysis. The morphology and the diffraction pattern of the complex strongly resemble those of the nucleosome. These results, as well as the finding of a protected DNA fragment about 100 nucleotides long following single-stranded DNA specific nuclease digestion, indicate that 'a nucleosome-like' complex can be formed between single-stranded DNA and the histone octamer. Competition experiments suggest that under physiological conditions the histone octamer is transferred from single- to double-stranded DNA.
An Electrochemical Impedance Measurement Technique Employing Fourier Transform (2000)

We describe a novel technique for measuring electrochemical impedance, in which the electrode potential is ramped to a desired bias potential and a small potential step is applied to the working electrode after a short time delay. Fourier transform of the first derivative of the current signal thus obtained provides ac currents in the frequency domain, which allows the computation of impedances of the electrode/electrolyte interface in the whole frequency range. A home-built data acquisition system for these measurements and the results obtained therefrom were used for the measurements. The advantage of the technique includes an extremely short time of less than 1 ms for impedance measurements in the whole frequency region while equilibrium conditions of the electrochemical system are being maintained before and after the measurements, among many others. This technique is expected to revolutionize electrochemical measurements and to find important applications such as in situ measurements during battery cycling, corrosion testing, and other electrochemical experiments.
Technical Report: Energy Evaluation of preamble Sampling MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (2011)

The paper presents a simple probabilistic analysis of the energy consumption in preamble sampling MAC protocols. We validate the analytical results with simulations. We compare the classical MAC protocols (B-MAC and X-MAC) with LAMAC, a method proposed in a companion paper. Our analysis highlights the energy savings achievable with LA-MAC with respect to B-MAC and X-MAC. It also shows that LA-MAC provides the best performance in the considered case of high density networks under traffic congestion.
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (2001)

Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been widely used as an index of liver dysfunction and marker of alcohol intake. The last few years have seen improvements in these areas and advances in understanding of its physiological role in counteracting oxidative stress by breaking down extracellular glutathione and making its component amino acids available to the cells. Conditions that increase serum GGT, such as obstructive liver disease, high alcohol consumption, and use of enzyme-inducing drugs, lead to increased free radical production and the threat of glutathione depletion. However, the products of the GGT reaction may themselves lead to increased free radical production, particularly in the presence of iron. There have also been important advances in the definition of the associations between serum GGT and risk of coronary heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, and stroke. People with high serum GGT have higher mortality, partly because of the association between GGT and other risk factors and partly because GGT is an independent predictor of risk. This review aims to summarize the knowledge about GGT's clinical applications, to present information on its physiological roles, consider the results of epidemiological studies, and assess how far these separate areas can be combined into an integrated view.
만성 췌장염 환자에서 췌관 스텐트 삽입 후 발생한 천공을 동반한 급성 담낭염 1예 (2013)

내시경 역행성 담췌관조영술과 관련된 급성 담낭염은 약 0.2-0.5% 정도로 보고되고 있으며 대부분이 담낭결석이나, 조영제, 금속 스텐트 삽입과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 ERCP 후 천공을 동반한 급성 담낭염은 아주 드물며 국내에서 진단적 ERCP 후 발생한 1예만 보고 하고 있다. 저자들은 만성 췌장염 환자에서 내시경적 치료를 위해 췌관 스텐트 삽입 후 급성 담도염이 발생하였고 이에 대한 치료로 두 개의 플라스틱 담도 스텐트 삽입한후 천공을 동반한 급성 담낭염을 경험하였다. 환자는 수술없이 경피경간 담낭 배액술과 담도 스텐트 제거 후 증상호전되어 퇴원할 수 있었다. 이에 저자들은 경험한 증례를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고한다.
Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity after acute traumatic brain injury can be detected by wavelet phase coherence analysis of the intracranial and arterial blood pressure signals (2013)

The objective of the study was to evaluate the wavelet spectral energy of oscillations in the intracranial pressure (ICP) signal in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). The wavelet phase coherence and phase shift in the 0.006-2 Hz interval between the ICP and the arterial blood pressure (ABP) signals were also investigated. Patients were separated into normal or impaired cerebrovascular reactivity, based on the pressure reactivity index (PRx). Spectral energy, phase coherence and phase shift in the low frequency and cardiorespiratory intervals were compared for the two groups. Data were prospectively collected and analyzed retrospectively in 22 patients, within the first week after acute TBI. The ICP and ABP signals were continuously recorded for [Formula: see text]40 min and the wavelet transform was used to calculate the spectral energy and phase of the signals. The average ICP wavelet energy spectrum showed distinct peaks around 1.0 (cardiac), 0.25 (respiratory) and 0.03 Hz. Patients with normal cerebrovascular reactivity (negative PRx) had 38.6 % (±SD 16.7 %) of the mean wavelet energy below the lower limit of the respiratory frequency band (0.14 Hz) compared to only 18.1 % (±SD 17.8 %) in patients with altered cerebrovascular reactivity (positive PRx) (difference: p = 0.0057). Wavelet phase coherence between the ABP and ICP signals was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the 0.006-2 Hz interval. The phase shift between the ABP and ICP signals was around zero in the 0.14-1.0 Hz interval. Seven patients with PRx between -0.4943 and -0.1653 had a phase shift in the interval 0.07-0.14 Hz, whereas 15 patients with PRx between -0.1019 and 0.3881 had a phase shift in the interval 0.006-0.07 Hz. We conclude that the wavelet transform of the ICP signal shows spectral peaks at the cardiac, respiratory and 0.03 Hz frequencies. Normal cerebrovascular reactivity seems to be manifested as increased spectral energy in the frequency interval <0.14 Hz. A phase shift between the ICP and ABP signals in the interval 0.07-0.14 Hz indicates normal cerebrovascular reactivity, while a phase shift in the interval 0.006-0.07 Hz indicates altered cerebrovascular reactivity.
Development of Color QR Code for Increasing Capacity (2015)

Barcodes have been widely popular. Their popularity has encouraged an ongoing invention of decoding methods. Barcodes can be categorized into 2 main groups, namely one-dimension (1D) barcodes at which information is stored horizontally and two-dimension (2D) barcodes which contain information in both vertical and horizontal direction, promising a higher storage capacity compared to 1D barcodes. Despite high data density, an amount of information obtained in 2D barcodes still limited to some extent. This study selected QR Code (Quick Response Code) is a type of 2D barcode because firstly, it can handle a variety of information. Secondly, decoding is reasonably straightforward. Finally, the structure of QR code is specified clearly by its developer. This research aimed to increase QR Code capacity by proposing a color Quick Response Code (color QR code) encoding concept which can hold a larger amount of information than that of the traditional black and white QR Code regarding their physical size. A two-color (black and white) QR Code can store 1 bit in each module only, whereas a module of a color QR code with sixteen different colors can contain 4-bit data. In order to decode a color QR code, this study used a code reader equipped with at least an 8-megapixel camera and a decoding application was developed on Android (Android application on mobile phone) and Java (Java application on PC) platform.
Updated Rice Kinase Database RKD 2.0: enabling transcriptome and functional analysis of rice kinase genes (2016)

Compared with the previous version of RKD, RKD 2.0 enables more effective estimations of functional redundancy or dominance because it uses comprehensive expression profiles rather than individual profiles. The integrated analysis of RKD with PCC establishes a single platform for researchers to select rice kinases for functional analyses.
ChemInform Abstract: An Empirical Model to Calculate 19F Isotropic Chemical Shifts in Alkali‐Hexafluoroaluminates. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improvement of Oxygen Supply to the Multicellular Spheroids Using a Gas-Permeable Plate and Embedded Hydrogel Beads (2019)

Culture systems for 3-dimensional tissues, such as multicellular spheroids, are indispensable for high-throughput screening of primary or patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-expanded cancer tissues. Oxygen supply to the center of such spheroids is particularly critical for maintaining cellular functions as well as avoiding the development of a necrotic core. In this study, we evaluated 2 methods to enhance oxygen supply: (1) using culture plate with gas-permeable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane at its bottom and (2) embedding hydrogel beads in the spheroids. Culturing spheroids on PDMS increased cell growth and affected glucose/lactate metabolism and CYP3A4 mRNA expression and subsequent enzyme activity. The spheroids comprised 5000 Hep G2 cells and 5000 20 &amp;micro;m-diameter hydrogel beads did not develop a necrotic core for 9 days when cultured on a gas-permeable sheet. In contrast, central necrosis in spheroids lacking hydrogel beads was observed after day 3 of culture, even when using PDMS. These results indicate that the combination of gas-permeable culture equipment and embedded hydrogel beads improves culture 3D spheroids produced from primary or PDX-expanded tumor cells.
Interleukin-2 Receptor Subunit Expression and Function on Human Peripheral T Cells Is Not Dependent on the Anticoagulant (1998)

To the Editor:

In a recent report, David et al[1][1] addressed the ongoing controversy on expression levels of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) α, β, and γ chains on various mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood. Using freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from (sodium