gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High power factor vernier permanent magnet machines (2013)

Vernier permanent magnet (VPM) machines are well known for high torque density but low power factor. This paper deals with the low power factor of VPM machines. The goal is not obtained by reducing the electrical loading or adjusting current advance angle but proposing a novel vernier topology-dual-stator, spoke-array (DSSA) VPM topology. In this paper, the characteristics, such as active part, auxiliary mechanical structure and rotor anisotropy, of the DSSA VPM topology are analyzed in detail. Performances, including power factor, torque density, and cogging torque etc., are evaluated based on finite element analysis (FEA). The analysis results show that the DSSA VPM topology exhibits high power factor viz.,~0.9 and significantly high torque capability. Finally, the prototype machine has been designed, built, and is under testing. The verification of the mechanical structure scheme is done in this paper, and the experimental results will be presented in the near future.
Harvest Management Effects on ‘Tifton 44’ Bermudagrass Phosphorus Removal and Nutritive Value (2018)

Core Ideas The impact of harvest management on forage nutritive value is vital to farm income. Results validate management practices commonly used but heretofore without statistical basis. Bermudagrass P removal maximized with prolonged harvest interval and short stubble height. Forage nutritive value was similar between stubble heights when harvested every 35 d. Haying bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] to maximize recovery of P applied in broiler litter may adversely affect forage quality. This 3‐yr study (2005–2007) determined harvest management effects on dry matter (DM) yield, P removal, and forage nutritive value in ‘Tifton 44’ bermudagrass at Noxapater and South Farm, MS. Fertilization annually comprised 8.96 Mg ha −1 broiler litter (as‐is basis) that provided 243 and 122 kg ha −1 of N and P, respectively, supplemented with 67–110 kg ha −1 N (as ammonium nitrate). After an initial harvest in May, forage was harvested at 28‐, 35‐, and 49‐d intervals and at 3‐ and 9‐cm residual cutting heights. Seasonal trends in P removal closely followed those observed for DM yield and short stubble increased yields of DM and P by approximately 31%. Prolonged regrowth and 3‐cm stubble height resulted in the greatest yields of DM and P. Annual P removal at Noxapater did not differ between 35‐ and 49‐d harvest intervals (21.3 vs. 23.0 kg ha −1 ); whereas it was greatest ( P &lt; 0.05) at South Farm for 49‐d intervals (23.9 vs. 25.8 kg ha −1 ). Prolonged regrowth resulted in crude protein (CP) and in vitro true DM digestibility (IVTDMD) below 95 and 610 g kg −1 , respectively, suggesting less forage could be consumed by ruminant livestock. In 2007, CP and IVTDMD levels were greatest for 9‐cm stubble. Tifton 44 bermudagrass receiving litter should be harvested every 35 d and at 3‐cm stubble height to provide the best compromise between DM yield, nutrient removal, and forage nutritive value.
Occupancy grid rasterization in large environments for teams of robots (2011)

We introduce a method for efficiently rasterizing large occupancy grids. Efficient Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) of robot trajectories has been shown to be highly scalable using sparse SLAM algorithms such as SqrtSAM, but unfortunately such approaches don't directly provide a rasterized grid map. We harness these existing SLAM methods to compute maximum likelihood (ML) robot trajectories and introduce a new efficient algorithm to rasterize a dynamic occupancy grid. We propose a spatially-aware data structure that enables the cost of a map update to be proportional to the impact of any loop closures, resulting in better average case performance than naive methods. Furthermore, we show how redundant sensor data can be exploited to improve map quality and speed up rasterization. We evaluate our method using several data sets collected using a team of 14 autonomous robots and show success in mixed indoor-outdoor urban environments as large as 220m × 170m, with 0.1m resolution.
Field Dependence of Photoelectric Emission from Molybdenum (1962)

Photoelectric emission from a 5-mil single-crystal molybdenum wire was measured at 1000°K with accelerating fields from 0.8 to 142 kv/cm and monochromatic light in the range 238 to 297 mμ. Above 3.6 kv/cm, the data are in good agreement with Fowler-Schottky theory. Apparent threshold energies increase from 4.44 to 4.52 ev with increasing illumination energy, as is expected from emitters of nonuniform work function. Two illumination directions, separated azimuthally by 90°, give identical results. Fowler plots yield identical thresholds of 4.41 ev at room temperature and 1000°K and a Richardson-plot determination of the thermionic emission constants yields eφ**=4.33 ev and A**=38 amp/cm2-deg2. The multiplicity of apparent work functions measured on a single specimen, as well as the marked dissimilarity in the emission constants of molybdenum in sheet and wire form, are explained in terms of patch effect. The theory for the periodic deviation from the photoelectric Schottky effect is extended to describe emitters at elevated temperatures. No evidence for the predicted deviation appears in the experimental photoelectric Schottky data.
Extension and Experimental Verification of a New 'First Contact' Method to Model Performance of Multilayer Contact Interfaces (2008)

As the connector industry moves towards the use of smaller and smaller contact designs, achievable contact normal forces have been reduced to levels below what has been typically used previously in connector applications. Therefore, improving the ability to predict and analyze the mechanical and electrical performance of these lower force contact interfaces is becoming increasingly important. This paper will illustrate further development and experimental verification of a new method to simulate elastic/plastic contact between two multi-layered nonconforming rough surfaces. This new approach involves using six scale independent parameters to statistically model two 3-dimensional multilayered surfaces coming into contact. The mechanical and electrical response characteristics of all the layer materials, as well as frictional behavior at the contacting asperity surfaces, are taken into account as pressure is applied between the surfaces and the a-spot distribution is formed. The mechanical and electrical contact performance of the resulting interface are calculated and visualized in 3 dimensions. The model has been extended and applied to contacts with varying surface finish materials and surface topology characteristics. These results are then compared to experimental data generated from samples with comparable finishes.
Ayurvedic Medicine Constituent Withaferin A Causes G2 and M Phase Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Breast Cancer Cells (2008)

Withaferin A (WA) is derived from the medicinal plant Withania somnifera that has been safely used for centuries in the Indian Ayurvedic medicine for treatment of various ailments. We now demonstrate that WA treatment causes G2 and mitotic arrest in human breast cancer cells. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 (estrogen-independent) and MCF-7 (estrogen-responsive) cell lines with WA resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent increase in G2-M fraction, which correlated with a decrease in levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1), cell division cycle 25C (Cdc25C) and/or Cdc25B proteins, leading to accumulation of Tyrosine15 phosphorylated (inactive) Cdk1. Ectopic expression of Cdc25C conferred partial yet significant protection against WA-mediated G2-M phase cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells. The WA-treated MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were also arrested in mitosis as judged by fluorescence microscopy and analysis of Ser10 phosphorylated histone H3. Mitotic arrest resulting from exposure to WA was accompanied by an increase in the protein level of anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome substrate securin. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that G2-M phase cell cycle arrest may be an important mechanism in antiproliferative effect of WA against human breast cancer cells.
Multi-service Multi-carrier Broadband MIMO Distributed Antenna Systems for In-building Optical Wireless Access (2010)

A novel broad spectrum band-shifting technique is experimentally demonstrated to simultaneously transmit broadband (500MHz to 3 GHz) multi-service, multi-carrier MIMO signals for in-building radio-over-fiber based wireless distributed antenna systems. The proposed scheme uses fewer local oscillators and does not require any service-specific narrowband band pass filters, thus upgrading of existing non-MIMO services to MIMO services or adding new MIMO services would be easier and cost-effective.
Bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of HER2 scFv-targeted liposomal doxorubicin in a murine model of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer (2008)

Drugs that are entrapped in the interior of nanocarriers such as liposomes have no therapeutic activity, i.e. they are not bioavailable. In order to achieve therapeutic activity, drug release from the liposomes must occur at a rate sufficient to achieve therapeutic concentrations of drug at the cellular target. For ligand-targeted liposomes, directed against internalizing antigens, receptor-mediated internalization of the liposome package occurs and the entrapped drugs become active (bioavailable) upon their intracellular release from the lysosomal apparatus. We have examined, in a murine breast cancer model, the rate and the extent of bioavailability of doxorubicin (DXR) entrapped in liposomes targeted by a single-chain antibody fragment against the HER2/neu antigen, in comparison with free DXR and non-targeted liposomal DXR (DOXIL). Breast cancer tumors contained the highest total levels of DXR and the highest levels of bioavailable DXR when anti-HER2/neu-targeted liposomes were used, and the targeted liposomes also resulted in the greatest level of tumor control.
Crosstalk avoidance in MCM routing with timing considerations (1996)

A new approach to avoiding crosstalk in MCM interconnects during routing is described. Crosstalk avoidance minimises the amount of rework that must be done after routing and detailed simulation have been completed, thus speeding up physical design. Routing results on benchmark designs show significant improvements over a previously used crosstalk avoidance approach in terms of wiring density obtained.
Short-term outcome of painful bone marrow oedema of the knee following oral treatment with iloprost or tramadol: results of an exploratory phase II study of 41 patients (2007)

The analgesic effect of iloprost and tramadol was similar. BME regression on MR images was more pronounced under iloprost treatment.
Degradation Evaluation of HK-40 Steel Using Electrical Resistivity (2003)

More effective nondestructive technology for the estimation on material properties has been sought. In this research, a new electrical resistivity method was attempted for the estimation of the creep damage of a degraded heater tube steel. HK40 steel specimens with five different periods of aging were prepared by an isothermal heat treatment at 1050°C and the electrical resistivity was determined by a standard DC four-point probe method. The electrical resistivity at room temperature monotonously decreased with the extent of degradation of the material. It was also observed that Vickers hardness was correlated with the electrical resistivity. The microstructural changes of material during aging was examined by microscope.
Sequential PPC and process-window-aware mask layout synthesis (2006)

We present a full-chip implementation of model-based process and proximity compensation. Etch corrections are applied according to a two-dimensional model. Lithography is compensated by optimizing a cost function that expresses the design intent. The cost function penalizes edge placement errors at best dose and defocus as well as displacement of the edges in response to a specified change in a process parameter. This increases immunity to bridging in low contrast areas.
Casting Light on the Necessary, Expansive, and Evolving Role of the Critical Care Dietitian: An Essential Member of the Critical Care Team (2022)

Patel, Jayshil J. MD; Mundi, Manpreet S. MD; Taylor, Beth DCN, RD-AP; McClave, Stephen A. MD; Mechanick, Jeffrey I. MD Author Information
Growth Mechanism of ZnO Thin Films Grown by Spray Pyrolysis Using Diethylzinc Solution (2017)

Non‐doped ZnO thin films are deposited on glass by spray pyrolysis using Diethylzinc diluted with diisopropyl ether. The droplet impacts are observed and the structural properties of films are studied as deposition temperature dependence. The shape of a droplet impacts changes from a hemisphere to a flat plane with increasing the deposition temperature. The images of cross sectional transmittance electron microscopy show granular non‐crystalline for RT (room temperature) sample and columnar polycrystalline for 150 °C sample as shown on the right‐side. The growth mechanism of ZnO thin films is discussed by considering the relationship between the shape of droplet impacts and the morphology of the deposited films. Also, the presence of the crystal formed by precursor is suggested for the films deposited at lower temperature.
Percutaneous Aponeurotomy and Lipofilling (2013)

Therapeutic, V.
Prevention of conversion in posterior retroperitoneal adrenalectomy by measuring pre-operative anatomical conditions on cross-sectional imaging (computerised tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) (2022)

Surgeons can use pre-operative imaging to assess the anatomical features to determine whether a PRA can be performed. Patients with an RPF under 14.3 mm can be safely treated with PRA. In contrast, LTA access should be considered for patients with a higher RPF (>25 mm).
Redo cardiac surgery: late bleeding complications from topical thrombin-induced factor V deficiency. (1993)

Bovine thrombin-induced factor V deficiency was though to be a very rare acquired coagulopathy, with only three documented cases. We report a series of nine patients seen during a period of 32 months; these patients had normal preoperative coagulation profiles, and this unique coagulopathy developed 1 to 2 weeks after cardiovascular operations. The coagulopathy was characterized by a markedly elevated prothrombin time (40.9 +/- 5.8 seconds), an elevated activated partial thromboplastin time (96.3 +/- 12.2 seconds), a study positive for lupus anticoagulation (9/9), and markedly decreased levels of factor V (0.09 +/- 0.03 U/ml) and factor XI (0.04 +/- 0.02 U/ml), respectively. All patients had been exposed to commercially available bovine thrombin during prior cardiovascular or vascular operations and received a second bovine thrombin challenge during the latest procedure. Coagulopathic bleeding developed in four of the nine patients. Bleeding was unrelated to absolute fall in factor V level, but cessation of hemorrhage appeared to correlate with improvement in factor V level. Treatment with vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma, and platelet infusion were all unsuccessful in altering prothrombin time or factor V levels. Intravenous gamma globulin was used in three patients, two of whom were bleeding. All three patients showed a transient increase in factor V levels. Bleeding stopped in one of the two patients; the other continued to bleed and subsequently died. The third patient was treated prophylactically to increase factor V levels in preparation for flap reconstruction of his sternum. His factor V level increased from 0.26 to 0.49 U/ml, and he underwent the procedure without incident. Bovine thrombin-induced factor V deficiency may have been previously unrecognized. This deficiency should be suspected in patients who have undergone redo cardiovascular operations and in whom marked elevations in their prothrombin time occur 7 to 10 days after exposure to bovine thrombin. The resulting coagulopathy, although usually self-limited, has the potential to produce devastating bleeding complications. Intravenous gamma globulin (1 gm/kg during each of 2 days) has been used to increase factor V levels transiently but its role in therapy of this coagulopathy requires further investigation.
Enzymatic Cyclization of 22,23-Dihydro-2,3-oxidosqualene into Euph-7-en-3β-ol and Bacchar-12-en-3β-ol by Recombinant β-Amyrin Synthase (2004)

Recombinant beta-amyrin synthase from Pisum sativum converted 22,23-dihydro-2,3-oxidosqualene, a substrate analogue lacking the terminal double bond of 2,3-oxidosqualene, into a 4:1 mixture of euph-7-en-3beta-ol and bacchar-12-en-3beta-ol. This is the first demonstration of the enzymatic formation of the baccharene skeleton with a six-membered D-ring. In the absence of the terminal double bond, the proton-initiated cyclization first generated the tetracyclic dammarenyl cation, followed by a backbone rearrangement with loss of H-7alpha leading to the formation of euph-7-en-3beta-ol, while D-ring expansion to the baccharenyl cation and subsequent 1,2-hydride shifts with H-12alpha elimination yielded bacchar-12-en-3beta-ol. It is remarkable that the formation of the anti-Markovnikov six-membered D-ring did not depend on the participation of the terminal pi-electrons.
GRAVITY: the adaptive-optics-assisted two-object beam combiner instrument for the VLTI (2006)

We present the adaptive optics assisted, near-infrared VLTI instrument - GRAVITY - for precision narrow-angle astrometry and interferometric phase referenced imaging of faint objects. Precision astrometry and phase-referenced interferometric imaging will realize the most advanced vision of optical/infrared interferometry with the VLT. Our most ambitious science goal is to study motions within a few times the event horizon size of the Galactic Center massive black hole and to test General Relativity in its strong field limit. We define the science reference cases for GRAVITY and derive the top level requirements for GRAVITY. The installation of the instrument at the VLTI is planned for 2012.
Chemometric, physicomechanical and rheological analysis of the sol–gel dynamics and degree of crosslinking of glycosidic polymers (2008)

The influence of calcium (Ca(2+)), zinc (Zn(2+)) and barium (Ba(2+)) ions on the sol-gel interconversion dynamics, degree of crosslinking and the matrix resilience of crosslinked alginate gelispheres was determined. The dependent compositional and operational variables of crosslinking make it a challenging task to optimize the degree of crosslinking and the physicomechanical properties of alginate gelispheres. The combinatory approach of textural profiling, assessing pertinent rheological descriptors and chemometric model analysis of the sol-gel interconversion mechanisms and energy paradigms involved during crosslinking, hydration and erosion of gelispheres was explored. Molecular structural modelling of the gelispheres provided a mechanistic understanding of the sol-gel interconversion phenomena and their influence on the degree of crosslinking, the hydrational dynamics and gelisphere formation. Rheological analysis revealed offset yield point values of 6.1 mg ml(-1) and 8.0 mg ml(-1) were computed from fitted regression curves for determining the crosslinker concentration required for combinatory crosslinkers such as Ca/Zn/Ba ions and Ba/Zn, respectively. The influence of hydration on the erosion was a direct function of the gelispheres physicomechanical strength. Textural profiling characterized the gelisphere matrices for their resilience. The various crosslinkers interacted with monomeric units at varying intensities. Ba-crosslinked gelispheres were brittle with dense polymeric networks. Zn-crosslinked gelispheres produced permeable resilient matrices when hydrated and Ca-crosslinked gelispheres demonstrated intermediate resilience with greater G/M ratio alginate grades. Chemometrical analysis explicated a potential link between several phenomena such as the type of crosslinkers employed, the static shear-rate viscosity attained, the matrix resilience and the associated sol-gel mechanisms and energy paradigms of crosslinked gelispheres.
Anthracyclines, Mitoxantrone, Radiotherapy, and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor: Risk Factors for Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome After Breast Cancer (2006)

This large case-control study demonstrates that the risk of AML/MDS is much higher with mitoxantrone-based chemotherapy than with anthracyclines-based chemotherapy in a population of women recently treated for breast cancer. The risk of AML/MDS associated with mitoxantrone must be kept in mind when using this drug to treat diseases other than breast cancer (eg, prostate cancer or multiple sclerosis). In addition, our study suggests the need to monitor the long-term effects of G-CSF therapy.
Quantification of water content in contact lenses combining terahertz imaging and optical coherence tomography (2021)

Hydration of contact lenses is an important parameter as it governs the oxygen transport to the cornea. Dehydration of contact lenses during lens wear causes discomfort due to dry eye and alterations in lens fitting characteristics. Terahertz (THz) imaging and optical coherence tomography (OCT) together can provide unique information about the hydration profile of the contact lens and its structure. Here, we present results that combine the information measured from OCT and THz systems on contact lenses which aid in determining the change in water content and thickness over time. Overlaid THz and OCT images that align well are shown, making it possible to automatically scale and co-register the two data sets. Hence, we show that a combined OCT/THz system can deliver distinctive knowledge about the capacity of contact lenses to maintain their comfort and optical characteristics over time.
Neoglycorandomization and Chemoenzymatic Glycorandomization:  Two Complementary Tools for Natural Product Diversification (2005)

In an effort to explore the contribution of the sugar constituents of pharmaceutically relevant glycosylated natural products, chemists have developed glycosylation methods that are amenable to the generation of libraries of analogues with a broad array of glycosidic attachments. Recently, two complementary glycorandomization strategies have been described, namely, neoglycorandomization, a chemical approach based on a one-step sugar ligation reaction that does not require any prior sugar protection or activation, and chemoenzymatic glycorandomization, a biocatalytic approach that relies on the substrate promiscuity of enzymes to activate and attach sugars to natural products. Since both methods require reducing sugars, this review first highlights recent advances in monosaccharide generation and then follows with an overview of recent progress in the development of neoglycorandomization and chemoenzymatic glycorandomization.