gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity as a therapy of Type 2 diabetes (2006)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is a ubiquitous, multifunctional, serine protease enzyme and receptor with roles in the control of endocrine and immune function, cell metabolism, growth and adhesion. As an enzyme, DPP IV cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide from the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. This inactivates the hormones, thereby cancelling their prandial insulinotropic effect. One approach to restore incretin activity as a therapy for Type 2 diabetes has been the development of DPP IV inhibitors. Inhibitors of DPP IV have shown efficacy and tolerability when used to control the hyperglycaemia of noninsulin-dependent animal models and human Type 2 diabetes. These DPP IV inhibitors prolong active incretin hormone concentrations and may exert additional antidiabetic effects. If long-term clinical trials confirm sustained and safe control of blood glucose, DPP IV inhibitors (known as 'gliptins') may be expected to provide a new treatment modality for Type 2 diabetes.
Promotion by Collagen Tripeptide of Type I Collagen Gene Expression in Human Osteoblastic Cells and Fracture Healing of Rat Femur (2007)

Peptides produced by the enzymatic degradation of collagens are reported to have various activities of biological and medical interest. The mechanisms underlying their actions are, however, poorly understood. We have produced, by collagenase digestion of type I collagen, a highly purified, non-antigenic, and low allergenic tripeptide fraction (collagen tripeptide, Ctp). We report here the effects of Ctp on the in vivo bone fracture healing and in vitro calcification of osteoblastic cells. An oral administration of Ctp to rats with a femur fracture accelerated the fracture healing. Ctp apparently stimulated the calcification of human osteoblastic cells in culture. This osteotrophic effect was accompanied by a significant increase in type I collagen protein production and its mRNA levels. DNA microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that Ctp upregulated the bone-specific transcription factor, Osterix, suggesting that the induction of type I collagen gene expression by Ctp was mediated by upregulation of this factor.
A comparative study of eight human auditory models of monaural processing (2022)

A number of auditory models have been developed using diverging approaches, either physiological or perceptual, but they share comparable stages of signal processing, as they are inspired by the same constitutive parts of the auditory system. We compare eight monaural models that are openly accessible in the Auditory Modelling Toolbox. We discuss the considerations required to make the model outputs comparable to each other, as well as the results for the following model processing stages or their equivalents: Outer and middle ear, cochlear filter bank, inner hair cell, auditory nerve synapse, cochlear nucleus, and inferior colliculus. The discussion includes a list of recommendations for future applications of auditory models.
Tissue distribution and metabolism of O‐(4‐methoxyphenylcarbamoyl)‐3‐diethylaminopropiophenone oxime hydrochloride (USVP‐E142) in the rat (1982)

Abstract The disposition of 0‐(4‐methoxyphenylcarbamoyl)‐3‐diethylaminopropiophenone oxime‐(carbonyl)‐ 14 C hydrochloride in the rat was studied in vivo and in vitro. Upon oral administration, radioactivity was detected within 15 min in many tissues, including the brain. The lung and the liver had the highest levels. The first‐order rate constant for the disappearance of 14 C from the stomach was 8.2 × 10 −3 min −1 for fasted and 5.7 × 10 −3 min −1 for non‐fasted rats. Most of the radioactivity was eliminated in the form of 14 CO 2 . The major metabolic pathway appears to be the hydrolysis of the carbamoyl bond followed by decarboxylation of the resultant carbamic acid, leading to the liberation of CO 2 . Bis( p ‐methoxyphenyl)urea and 3‐diethylamino‐4′‐hydroxypropiophenone were identified as urinary metabolites.
Paroxysmal Murine Hemoglobinuria(?): A Model for Human PNH (1999)

W ITH THE INCREASING integration of molecular genetics into the study of human diseases we have come to almost expect that, whenever a new gene is cloned, the next paper will report the consequences of ‘knocking out’ the gene. In a way, we are thus witnessing the logical updating of a century-
High intensity metal ion beam production with ECR ion sources at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (2002)

The large number of different experiments performed at the 88 Inch Cyclotron requires great variety and flexibility in the production of ion beams. This flexibility is provided by the two high performance electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources, the LBL ECR and the AECR-U, which can produce beams of ions as light as hydrogen and as heavy as uranium. With these two sources, up to six different metals can be preloaded using two types of ovens. The ovens are mounted radially on the ion sources and inject the metal vapor though the open sextupole structure into the plasma chamber. For the superconducting ECR ion source VENUS, which is under construction at Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory, the use of radial ovens is no longer possible, because the magnetic structure is closed radially. Therefore, we are developing two new axial oven types for low and high temperature applications. Metal ion beam production in ECR ion sources using the oven technique is discussed. The design of the axial oven is presented. Finally, the efficiency of the axial oven is compared with the radial oven for the production of Ca.
Assessment: Efficacy of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in the treatment of pain in neurologic disorders (an evidence-based review) (2009)

Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) is not recommended for the treatment of chronic low back pain (Level A). TENS should be considered in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy (Level B). Further research into the mechanism of action of TENS is needed, as well as more rigorous studies for determination of efficacy.
Semiempirical Pseudopotential Calculation of Electronic States of CdSe Quantum Rods (2002)

The dependence of electronic states on the length and diameter of CdSe quantum rods is investigated using semiempirical pseudopotential calculations. Energy levels cross as the aspect ratio increases due to their different dependence on length. The crossover between the highest occupied levels leads to a transition from plane-polarized to linearly polarized light emission at aspect ratio ca. 1.3. Further increasing aspect ratio results in levels with similar symmetry converging and forming “bands”. This calculation demonstrates the transition of electronic structure from zero-dimensional quantum dots to one-dimensional quantum wires.
Influence of nanoparticle surface coating on electrical conductivity of polyethylene/aluminium oxide nanocomposites for HVDC cable insulations (2016)

Influence of nanoparticle surface coating on electrical conductivity of polyethylene/aluminium oxide nanocomposites for HVDC cable insulations
Table S7 from Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Remodel the Tumor Immune Environment to Enhance Immune Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy (2023)

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Callus formation and shoot regeneration invanilla planifolia (1991)

Abstract The high demand for natural vanilla flavor led to attempts to establish an in vitro cell culture of Vanilla planifolia for flavor production and for shoot regeneration from callus. Explants from Vanilla planifolia shoots were placed on supplement Murashige and Skoog salts and tested for callus formation. Callus formation could be achieved with various media. Shoots could be regenerated from callus under various concentrations of a‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and benzyladenine (BA). The first node was the best location for callus initiation with subsequent callus proliferation.
Hyaluronidase treatment of coronary glycocalyx increases reactive hyperemia but not adenosine hyperemia in dog hearts (2005)

Because adenosine is commonly used for inducing maximal coronary hyperemia in the clinic, it is imperative that adenosine-induced hyperemia (AH) resembles coronary hyperemia that can be attained by endogenous stimuli. In the present study we hypothesized that coronary reactive hyperemia (RH) is limited compared with AH due to the presence of the glycocalyx and that the AH response is therefore unable to detect glycocalyx modifications. In anesthetized open-chest dogs, blood flow and pressure were measured in the left circumflex artery. RH after 15-s occlusion was compared with an intracoronary infusion of adenosine (650 microg; AH) during control conditions and after intracoronary treatment of the glycocalyx with hyaluronidase (20.000 U, 2 x 20 min; n = 6) or heat-inactivated hyaluronidase (n = 5). During control, coronary conductance during RH was 1.49 +/- 0.15 ml.mmHg(-1).min(-1) and 76 +/- 7% of coronary conductance during AH (P < 0.05). After hyaluronidase, RH conductance increased (P < 0.01) by 43 +/- 13% and became 93 +/- 4% of AH conductance (P = NS). Heat-inactivated hyaluronidase had no effect on RH and AH conductance. Our results demonstrate that adenosine-induced coronary hyperemia profoundly exceeds RH and that the difference is virtually abolished on selective removal of the glycocalyx. It is concluded that, compared with RH, adenosine-induced coronary hyperemia is not affected by modification of the glycocalyx. This glycocalyx insensitivity should be taken into account when using adenosine-induced coronary hyperemia as a marker for vasodilating capacity to an ischemic stimulus.
Small-Dose Epoprostenol Decreases Systemic Oxygen Consumption and Splanchnic Oxygen Extraction During Normothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass (2005)

Normothermic, nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) impairs systemic and splanchnic oxygen transport and increases gastrointestinal permeability. It is an important therapeutic goal to avoid splanchnic dysoxia during CPB. Small-dose prostacyclin therapy improves splanchnic oxygen transport and microcirculation in septic patients. In this study, we sought to determine if during cardiac surgery, the prostacyclin analog epoprostenol improves the balance of systemic and splanchnic oxygen transport. Eighteen patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement were randomized to receive either epoprostenol (3 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)) or placebo during, and for 1 hour after, surgery. Systemic and splanchnic oxygen delivery, consumption, and extraction and arterial, mixed venous, and hepato-venous lactate concentrations were measured before, during, and after CPB. Gastrointestinal permeability was measured 1 day before and 1 day after surgery using the triple sugar permeability test. During CPB, the epoprostenol group had decreased systemic oxygen consumption and splanchnic oxygen extraction (P = 0.024). These effects were not present 1 hour after the end of epoprostenol infusion. The study was not adequately powered to determine whether epoprostenol altered the trend towards increased lactate metabolism and increased postoperative gastrointestinal permeability, nor could we demonstrate any differences between groups in clinically relevant end-points. In conclusion, these findings suggest that during normothermic CPB, small-dose epoprostenol therapy may reduce systemic oxygen consumption and splanchnic oxygen extraction.
Effects of Rehydration State on the Flexural Properties of Whole Mouse Long Bones (1993)

The effects of bone water content during dehydration and rehydration on the flexural properties of whole mouse femora were evaluated using three-point bending. The elastic and plastic flexural properties of the bones were determined on a dry mass normalized basis over dehydration times ranging from 0.25 to 48.0 hr; and (following complete dehydration) rehydration times ranging from 0.08 to 12.0 hr. Bones stored in physiological saline for times < 1 hr served as the control group. As expected, dehydration produced increased stiffness and strength along with decreased ductility. Upon rehydration, a statistically significant linear dependence of mechanical properties on recovered free water was obtained for all parameters except the maximum load. Elastic mechanical properties comparable to the controls were regained at differing rates and levels of recovered water content; however, after 3 hr of rehydration there were no statistically significant differences with respect to the control values. The results of this study indicate that the original flexural properties of whole mouse femora are preserved by air dehydration and can be recovered using appropriate saline rehydration intervals.
Effects of pseudomonas toxin A, diphtheria toxin, and cholera toxin on electrical characteristics of turtle bladder. (1979)

Rapidly developing changes in the short-circuiting current (Isc), conductance (G), and potential (PD) of turtle bladders in Na-rich or Na-free media are seen after the mucosal addition, at 10 nM, of each of three toxins that contain ADP-ribosylation activity: Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin A, diphtheria toxin, and cholera toxin. Toxin A irreversibility decreased the Isc, PD, and G of bladders in Na-rich media and the Isc and PD of bladders in Na-free media. Diphtheria or cholera toxin reversibly increased Isc and PD (not G), but only in Na-free media. The effects of toxin A in the turtle bladder, like those in other host cell systems, were eliminated by preexposure of this toxin to heat, specific antitoxin, or dithiothreitol and urea. Because exposure to this last condition increases the ADP-ribosylation activity of toxin A, it is suggested that the proenzyme is the required transport-inhibiting form of toxin A. The effects of all three toxins occurred rapidly, possibly before any of the possible intracellular ADP-ribosylation reactions are initiated. Whereas a recognition binding of toxin of toxin to receptors on the apical membrane completely accounts for the reversible effects of diphtheria or cholera toxin, this and additional toxin-membrane interactions (e.g., translocation) are needed to account for the irreversible effects of toxin A.
Dentin Matrix Protein 1 Enhances Invasion Potential of Colon Cancer Cells by Bridging Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 to Integrins and CD44 (2005)

The up-regulation of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), certain cell receptors such as integrins and CD44, and the SIBLING family of integrin-binding glycophosphoproteins have been reported separately and in various combinations for many types of tumors. The mechanisms by which these different proteins may be interacting and enhancing the ability of a cancer cell to survive and metastasize have become an interesting issue in cancer biology. Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) has been known for a number of years to bind to CD44 and ArgGlyAsp sequence-dependent integrins. This SIBLING was recently shown to be able to specifically bind and activate proMMP-9 and to make MMP-9 much less sensitive to inhibition by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and synthetic inhibitors. In this study, we used a modified Boyden chamber assay to show that DMP1 enhanced the invasiveness of the MMP-9 expressing colon cancer cell line, SW480, through Matrigel in a dose-dependant manner. DMP1 (100 nmol/L) increased invasion 4-fold over controls (86.1 +/- 13.9 versus 22.3 +/- 9.8, P < 0.001). The enhanced invasive potential required the presence of MMP-9 and at least one of the cell surface receptors, CD44, alpha(v)beta(3), or alpha(v)beta(5) integrin. The bridging of MMP-9 to the cell surface receptors was shown by both pull-down and fluorescence activated cell sorting experiments. Because all of these proteins were also shown by immunohistochemistry to be expressed in serial sections of a colon adenocarcinoma, we have hypothesized that the MMP-9/DMP1/cell surface complexes observed to enhance cell invasion in vitro may be aiding metastatic events in vivo.
Transcription Factors as Targets for Cancer Therapy: AP-1 a Potential Therapeutic Target (2007)

The field of cancer therapy is rapidly moving forward with the development of numerous prospective new agents designed to inhibit cellular factors involved in signal transduction, cell proliferation, and the onset of apoptosis. At the core of these biological processes are transcription factors that are the functional mediators of these effects. Transcription factors are the downstream targets of numerous signal transduction pathways that are central to the process of carcinogenesis. The Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) complex is one such factor that has a central role in multiple processes involved in tumorigenesis including proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis. The focus of this review is, using AP- 1 as a model, to discuss transcription factors as targets for cancer therapy. The feasibility of targeted disruption of AP-1 by various agents such as dominant-negative mutants, small molecule inhibitors, transcription factor decoys (TFD), chemotherapeutic drugs, chemoprevention agents, siRNA and natural products will be explored.
Induction of Cell-Mediated Immunity againstMycobacterium tuberculosisUsing DNA Vaccines Encoding Cytotoxic and Helper T-Cell Epitopes of the 38-Kilodalton Protein (2001)

Cell-mediated immune responses are crucial in the protection against tuberculosis. In this study, we constructed DNA vaccines encoding cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and T helper cell (Th) epitopes of the 38-kDa lipoglycoprotein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and analyzed and compared their immunogenicities with that of pXJ38, a DNA vaccine encoding the entire 38-kDa protein (X. Zhu, N. Venkataprasad, H. S. Thangaraj, M. Hill, M. Singh, J. Ivanyi, and H. M. Vordermeier, J. Immunol. 158:5921-5926, 1997). Plasmid DNAs encoding a CTL epitope, P3 (pP3), a Th epitope (vTh), or both the Th and the P3 epitopes (pThP3) were prepared and tested in C57BL6/J (H-2(b)) mice. Our results confirmed that DNA immunization with pXJ38 induces strong CD8(+) CTL and Th1 responses (high gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], low interleukin-4 [IL-4]). Coadministration of plasmid DNAs encoding a Th epitope with those encoding a CTL epitope (vTh+pP3) elicited both antigen-specific CD8(+) CTL and Th1 responses. High levels of IFN-gamma were secreted by spleen cells from all plasmid DNA-vaccinated mice after in vitro stimulation with the recombinant 38-kDa protein. Small or undetectable amounts of IL-4 were observed, which indicates the induction of a Th1-like response. Multiple-epitope vaccination by vTh+pP3 or pThP3 resulted in a broader Th1 response to peptide or epitopes than the single-epitope plasmid DNAs. Antigen-specific immunoglobulin G2a was only detected in sera from mice immunized with the plasmid pXJ38, and not in mice immunized with the epitope-based DNA vaccines. Thus, the absence of an antibody response after immunization with epitope plasmid DNAs and their ability to trigger only a specific cellular immune response may prove to be important advantages for a vaccine against tuberculosis.
El trabajador bajo el comunismo (U.S.S.R) 1917-1941 (1941)

El Código del Trabajo promulgado en diciembre de 1918fi:i.éla primera pieza de legislación básica de la Rusia Soviética en lo relativo al trabajovEnuna sociedad socialista, se declaró que el trabajo era lID deber público, y en el nuevo estado.el trabajador tuvo el derecho de recibir su" ración d~,trabajo" y no "sala~ios" que eran lID atributo del régimen capitalista."Igual remuneración ipara todos los trabajadores" era el lemáy
Report of the Expert Advisory Group on Anti-Corruption, Transparency, and Integrity in Latin America and the Caribbean (2018)

Recent corruption scandals have shown the negative effects that corruption may have in countries around the world, including those of the Latin American and Caribbean region. The Inter-American Development Bank has therefore convened an independent group of experts composed by eight governance and anti-corruption scholars and practitioners to identify innovative and effective approaches to combat corruption in the region. Drawing on the members’ decades of experience, this report analyzes the key features of corruption in the region and proposes an ambitious agenda toward more systemic transformation. The report targets a series of measures aimed at strengthening the rule of law and public institutions, addressing state capture, and helping to meet citizens’ aspirations for sustainable and inclusive development. Hence, the report recommends a multi-layered approach that requires collective action by governments, the private sector, civil society, and international institutions to tackle the roots of corruption and capture through global, regional, and domestic initiatives.
Dairy Products Consumption Is Associated with Decreased Levels of Inflammatory Markers Related to Cardiovascular Disease in Apparently Healthy Adults: The ATTICA Study (2010)

We identified an inverse association between dairy products consumption and levels of various inflammatory markers among healthy adults. Additional clinical trials are needed to refute or confirm our findings.
Brachial Plexopathy/Nerve Root Avulsion in a Football Player: The Role of Electrodiagnostics (2008)

Electromyography (EMG) studies are a useful tool in anatomical localization of peripheral nerve and brachial plexus injuries. They are especially helpful in distinguishing between brachial plexopathy and nerve root injuries where surgical intervention may be indicated. EMG can also assist in providing prognostic information after nerve injury as well as after nerve repair. In this case report, a football player presented with weakness in his right upper limb after a traction/traumatic injury to the right brachial plexus. EMG studies revealed evidence of both pre- and postganglionic injury to multiple cervical roots. The injury was substantial enough to cause nerve root avulsions involving the C6 and C7 levels. Surgical referral led to nerve grafts targeted at regaining function in shoulder abduction and elbow flexion. After surgery, the patient's progress was monitored utilizing EMG to assist in identifying true axonal regeneration.
Room-temperature operation of GaInAsN-GaAs laser diodes in the 1.5-μm range (2001)

GaInAsN-GaAs double quantum-well (DQW) laser structures emitting in the 1.5-/spl mu/m range were grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy using a radio frequency plasma source for nitrogen activation. Lasing operation in the 1.5-/spl mu/m wavelength region has been realized for fabricated ridge waveguide laser diodes (LDs) under pulsed condition up to record high temperatures of 80/spl deg/C resulting in an emission wavelength of 1540 nm. This is the highest emission wavelength for laser diode operation based on GaAs. In addition, to investigate the optical properties of the active region, photoluminescence studies of underlying GaInAsN-GaAs QW structures emitting at wavelengths up to 1.55 /spl mu/m are presented.
Social Media for Chemistry Scholars** (2023)

Used by nearly 60 % of the world's population, social media are highly interactive websites ("platforms") today widely used also by researchers. This perspective aims at identifying the main benefits of social media utilization by chemistry scholars with respect to the three main dimensions (research, education and societal service) of scholarly activity. The main risks arising from the use of social media, as we suggest in the conclusions, must be managed and new education on their purposeful utilization should be planned and delivered.
Gain enhancement in Raman amplifiers with broadband pumping (1980)

We have observed near-monochromatic gains in a Raman amplifier pumped by a laser with a bandwidth up to 30 times wider than the molecular linewidth. This gain enhancement is obtained when the corresponding temporal fine structure of the pump and Stokes waveforms are superimposed in the amplifier.