gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of packaging materials under vacuum for potential use as internal cushioning for semiconductor industry vacuum machinery (2000)

This study explores a concept for applying basic packaging materials to an environment of high vacuum. This study identified three basic packaging materials and exposed them to a high vacuum environment to identify visual effects caused by the vacuum. In semiconductor and data storage industries, the machinery needed to ultimately create a computer chip often contains vacuum chambers. A common practice of the industry is to ship this machinery while under a state of high vacuum. There are parts inside these vacuum chambers that need protection from the effects of shock and vibration. By placing a sample of packaging material inside a chamber, pumping the chamber to a state of high vacuum, pumping the chamber back down to atmosphere and opening the chamber, a visual inspection of the material can identify that the material itself has failed to maintain its structure. The conclusion of this study identified one material that may warrant further, more precise research and testing for the possibility of use as a cushioning material under vacuum.
Permeability Analysis of Additively-Manufactured Wick Structures with Heat Exchanger Applications (2021)

Heat pipes and other heat transfer applications use capillary-driven liquid motion to enhance performance. This research uses water and a low surface tension fluid FC-40 to test additive-manufactured polymer wicks using a rateof-rise test. The rate-of-rise tests give a measure of the wicks’ performance capabilities as well as being able to calculate the wicks’ permeability and effective pore radius. Four wicks were measured having two different internal structures (i.e., 1.0 mm triangle and 1.75 mm square) and two external structures (i.e., layered and column). The 1.0 mm Triangle wicks performed better than their 1.0 mm Square counterparts for both water and FC-40. Both 1.0 mm Triangle wicks performed similarly for both water and FC-40, with the column wick (11.0 mm) performing better than the layered wick (8.98 mm). Using a least squares method from the rate-of-rise results, the permeability and effective pore radius of each wick were calculated for the 1.0 mm triangle layered wick, the 1.75 mm square layered wick, and the 1.0 mm triangle column wick. The 1.75 mm square column wick was unable to wick either liquid, so the permeability and effective pore radius were not able to be calculated. The permeability and effective pore radius for each wick were 3.00 um2 and 130.1 um, 0.95 um2 and 221.1 um, and 77.8 um2 and 1099 um, respectively. Some challenges involved with polymer additive manufacturing design and creation were also discussed.
Comparison of functional fibrinogen (FF/CFF) and FIBTEM in surgical patients – a retrospective study (2015)

We showed herein by measurements of citrated whole blood samples from surgical patients that CFF MA values were different from FIBTEM MCF values measured in the same sample. Awareness that these whole blood assays provide different clot amplitude results is mandatory, particularly if they are being considered as tools for guiding fibrinogen supplementation. Thromboembolic side effects caused by a potentially too high fibrinogen substitution must also kept in mind in this context.
Utilizing Hidden Markov Models to Classify Maneuvers and Improve Estimates of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (2021)

Estimating the states of a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) without the use of onboard sensors can be difficult, particularly if the UAV is performing high dynamic maneuvers. This paper examines if data driven modelling can assist in estimating UAV states, as well as classification of UAV maneuvers. A standard Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) that uses radar measurements and a constant acceleration dynamic model is used as the baseline estimation technique for dynamic UAV maneuvers. The UAV maneuvers are then modelled as Hidden Markov Models (HMM), which classify maneuvers and generate additional state information in the form of acceleration and jerk estimates. These HMM estimates are incorporated into an EKF to create a fusion EKF+HMM. This paper evaluates the robustness of the HMM classification accuracy and compares the EKF+HMM to a standard EKF using both simulated and experimental data.
Trk agonist drugs rescue noise-induced hidden hearing loss (2020)

TrkB agonist drugs are shown here to have a significant effect on the regeneration of afferent cochlear synapses after noise-induced synaptopathy. The effects were consistent with regeneration of cochlear synapses that we observed in vitro after synaptic loss due to kainic acid-induced glutamate toxicity and were elicited by administration of TrkB agonists, amitriptyline, and 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, directly into the cochlea via the posterior semicircular canal 48 hours after exposure to noise. Synaptic counts at the inner hair cell and wave 1 amplitudes in the auditory brainstem response (ABR) were partially restored 2 weeks after drug treatment. Effects of amitriptyline on wave 1 amplitude and afferent auditory synapse numbers in noise-exposed ears after systemic (as opposed to local) delivery were profound and long-lasting; synapses in the treated animals remained intact 1 year after the treatment. However, the effect of systemically delivered amitriptyline on synaptic rescue was dependent on dose and the time window of administration: it was only effective when given before noise exposure at the highest injected dose. The long-lasting effect and the efficacy of postexposure treatment indicate a potential broad application for the treatment of synaptopathy, which often goes undetected until well after the original damaging exposures.
Hierarchically Structured Electrospun Fibers (2013)

Traditional electrospun nanofibers have a myriad of applications ranging from scaffolds for tissue engineering to components of biosensors and energy harvesting devices. The generally smooth one-dimensional structure of the fibers has stood as a limitation to several interesting novel applications. Control of fiber diameter, porosity and collector geometry will be briefly discussed, as will more traditional methods for controlling fiber morphology and fiber mat architecture. The remainder of the review will focus on new techniques to prepare hierarchically structured fibers. Fibers with hierarchical primary structures—including helical, buckled, and beads-on-a-string fibers, as well as fibers with secondary structures, such as nanopores, nanopillars, nanorods, and internally structured fibers and their applications—will be discussed. These new materials with helical/buckled morphology are expected to possess unique optical and mechanical properties with possible applications for negative refractive index materials, highly stretchable/high-tensile-strength materials, and components in microelectromechanical devices. Core-shell type fibers enable a much wider variety of materials to be electrospun and are expected to be widely applied in the sensing, drug delivery/controlled release fields, and in the encapsulation of live cells for biological applications. Materials with a hierarchical secondary structure are expected to provide new superhydrophobic and self-cleaning materials.
Simulation and qualification of a system-in-package (SiP) based solid state lighting (SSL) module (2012)

The reliability assessment aspect of the LED field is not fully developed. The lack of complete understanding is due, in part, to the newness of the field. SSL has not existed long enough to directly gauge the accuracy of the Lifetime Assessments being made. The approach of using simulation in qualification to Lifetime Assessment is one of the major techniques used in the electronics field, in general. This methodology uses a complex approach of characterization, testing, and mathematical simulation to produce what some say is the best route for electronics reliability assessment. At present, literature surveys produce only a few papers implementing any simulation approach to SSL technology reliability assessment.
Contrast enhancement in experimental radiation‐induced liver injury: Comparison of hepatocellular and reticuloendothelial particulate contrast agents (1996)

We compared the liver enhancement of two superparamagnetic agents, polycrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles (PION) and PION coated with asialofetuin (ASF), in an experimental model of focal radiation-induced hepatitis. PION, a reticuloendothelial system-directed agent, and PION-ASF, a hepatocellular-directed agent, were compared for time-dependent liver enhancement in an experimental model of radiation-induced liver injury. Using the reticuloendothelial system (RES)-directed PION, the normal, nonirradiated portion of the liver decreased in signal intensity (SI) with a mean negative enhancement of -66% +/- 4, whereas the irradiated portion (60 Gy, 3 days before imaging) of the liver decreased in SI by -24% +/- 2, significantly less (P <.05). SI changes in irradiated liver tissue using PION were dose-dependent, being more pronounced with lower radiation exposure. The difference in SI changes induced by PION-ASF between irradiated and nonirradiated liver was not statistically different, but SI decreased with a mean negative enhancement of -80% +/- 2. The RES-directed PION is more sensitive for the detection of radiation-induced hepatitis than is the hepatocyte-directed PION-ASF. The insensitivity of PION-ASF enhancement for diffuse liver injury may be clinically advantageous for detecting focal lesions in the presence of diffuse hepatic injury.
PRZYRODNICZE PODSTAWY OCHRONY EKOSYSTEMÓW ROLNICZYCH (2007)

Synopsis. Wieloletnie, rolnicze u?ytkowanie œrodowiska, nie zawsze zgodne z zasadami dobrej agrotechniki i nie oparte o podstawowe prawa przep³ywu energii i obiegu materii doprowadzi³o do powstania zagro?en œrodowiska, skutkuj¹cych za³amaniem sie podstawowych funkcji obszarow rolniczych, ktorymi jest zapewnienie trwa³ej produkcji dobrej i zdrowej ?ywnoœci. G³ownymi zagro?eniami obszarow rolnych s¹: degradacja gleb, pogorszenie zdolnoœci retencji wodnej siedlisk, zanieczyszczenie wody i intensyfikacja procesow erozji wodnej i wietrznej. Rosn¹ca wiedza ekologiczna, szczegolnie rozpoznanie mechanizmow rz¹dz¹cych procesami przep³ywu energii i obiegu materii pozwala na zastosowanie rozwi¹zan wzmacniaj¹cych odpornoœae œrodowiska na zagro?enia pochodzenia rolniczego, a nawet na cofniecie niekorzystnych tendencji zmian dotychczas zachodz¹cych w œrodowisku. Najwa?niejsze dzia³ania prowadz¹ce do tego celu polegaj¹ na d¹?eniu do wykorzystania naturalnego potencja³u œrodowiska przyrodniczego. Sprowadza sie to do kszta³towania krajobrazu w kierunku jak najwiekszej jego ro?norodnoœci poprzez wprowadzanie takich elementow jak zadrzewienia œrodpolne, pasma ³¹k, u?ytki ekologiczne, ma³e zbiorniki œrodpolne i inne nieproduktywne, ale wa?ne ekologicznie elementy krajobrazu.
Anion formation in sputter ion sources by neutral resonant ionization (2015)

Focused Cs(+) beams in sputter ion sources create mm-diameter pits supporting small plasmas that control anionization efficiencies. Sputtering produces overwhelmingly neutral products that the plasma can ionize as in a charge-change vapor. Electron capture between neutral atoms rises as the inverse square of the difference between the ionization potential of the Cs state and the electron affinity of the sputtered atom, allowing resonant ionization at very low energies. A plasma collision-radiation model followed electronic excitation up to Cs(7d). High modeled Cs(7d) in a 0.5 mm recess explains the 80 μA/mm(2) C(-) current density compared to the 20 μA/mm(2) from a 1 mm recess.
HOW DOES MEMORY SHAPE CULTURE? (2009)

Culture is no explanation – that much is (or should be) obvious to all social scientists. Saying that people do this or believe that "because that's their culture" is at most a descriptive statement – telling us that the behavior or belief in question is widespread in the particular group we are considering – but it begs the question: Why are those behaviors or beliefs common in that group?
Catecholamine response during haemodynamically stable upright posture in individuals with and without tilt-table induced vasovagal syncope (2002)

Circulating adrenaline concentrations in posturally induced vasovagal faints rise more rapidly in vasovagal fainters than in comparably posturally stressed non-fainters, and were significantly greater in fainters prior to either detectable haemodynamic compromise or diminution of circulating Norepi levels. These findings suggest that a premonitory rise in adrenaline concentrations occurs in vasovagal fainters unassociated with an evolving circulatory crisis.
Dependent component analysis applied to lesions' characterization in breast MRI (2008)

An application of dependent component analysis techniques is reported for the detection and characterization of small indeterminate breast lesions in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. These techniques enable the extraction of spatial and temporal features of dynamic MRI data stemming from patients with confirmed lesion diagnosis. By revealing regional properties of contrast-agent uptake characterized by subtle differences of signal amplitude and dynamics, this method provides both a set of prototypical time-series and a corresponding set of cluster assignment maps which further provides a segmentation with regard to identification and regional subclassification of pathological breast tissue lesions. We present two different segmentation methods for the evaluation of signal intensity time courses for the differential diagnosis of enhancing lesions inStarting from the conventional methodology, we proceed by introducing the separate concepts of threshold segmentation and dependent component analysis and in the last step by combining those two concepts. The results suggest that the dependent component approach has the potential to increase the diagnostic accuracy of MRI mammography by improving the sensitivity without reduction of specificity.
Future trends in hard disk drives (1996)

Magnetic hard disk drives have significantly improved in size, performance and cost due to many technological innovations; including magnetoresistive heads, low noise thin film disks, PRML channels and advanced mechanical actuators and motors. By analyzing specification trends of each new disk drive design, a perspective of this evolution can be developed and design characteristics of future disk drives can be estimated.
Intestinal enteroids/organoids: A novel platform for drug discovery in inflammatory bowel diseases (2019)

The introduction of biologics such as anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibodies followed by anti-integrins has dramatically changed the therapeutic paradigm of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Furthermore, a newly developed anti-p40 subunit of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 (ustekinumab) has been recently approved in the United States for patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease who have failed treatment with anti-TNFs. However, these immunosuppressive therapeutics which focus on anti-inflammatory mechanisms or immune cells still fail to achieve long-term remission in a significant percentage of patients. This strongly underlines the need to identify novel treatment targets beyond immune suppression to treat IBD. Recent studies have revealed the critical role of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in the pathogenesis of IBD. Physical, biochemical and immunologic driven barrier dysfunctions of epithelial cells contribute to the development of IBD. In addition, the recent establishment of adult stem cell-derived intestinal enteroid/organoid culture technology has allowed an exciting opportunity to study human IECs comprising all normal epithelial cells. This long-term epithelial culture model can be generated from endoscopic biopsies or surgical resections and recapitulates the tissue of origin, representing a promising platform for novel drug discovery in IBD. This review describes the advantages of intestinal enteroids/organoids as a research tool for intestinal diseases, introduces studies with these models in IBD, and gives a description of the current status of therapeutic approaches in IBD. Finally, we provide an overview of the current endeavors to identify a novel drug target for IBD therapy based on studies with human enteroids/organoids and describe the challenges in using enteroids/organoids as an IBD model.
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Oxygen Surface Exchange on La[sub 0.6]Sr[sub 0.4]FeO[sub 3−δ] Thin Films (2009)

The thermodynamic properties as well as oxygen exchange kinetics were examined on mixed ionic and electronic conducting La 0.6 Sr 0.4 0.99 FeO3 - LSF64 thin films deposited on MgO single crystals. It is found that thin films and bulk material have the same oxygen stoichiometry for a given temperature and oxygen partial pressure i.e., the incorporation reaction has the same reaction enthalpy H 0 = -105 KJ/mol and entropy S 0 = -75.5 J/mol/K as found for bulk material. The thin film shows smaller apparent electrical conductivity than reported for bulk. This is due to imperfections in the film, which is not totally dense and contains closed porosity. Electrical conductivity relaxation was used to determine the surface exchange coefficient and its dependence on the temperature and oxygen partial pressure. Relaxation curves showed a good fit to a simple exponential decay. The vacancy surface exchange coefficient k V determined from K chem shows a slope log k V vs log P O 2 between 0.51 and 0.85. It is further found that k V is proportional to the product of the oxygen partial pressure and the vacancy concentration k V P O 2 . Different reaction mechanisms that can account for the observed P O 2 and -dependence of k V are analyzed. It is proposed that the vacancies are the active sites of adsorption of molecular oxygen and that the rate determining step for the exchange reaction is splitting of the adsorbed oxygen.
Imaging growth and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation are independent predictors for diffuse low-grade gliomas (2014)

The spontaneous velocity of diametric expansion and IDH1 mutation status are 2 independent prognostic values that should be obtained at the beginning of the management of diffuse low-grade gliomas in adults.
Postprocessing and corrections of bathymetry derived from sidescan sonar systems: application with SeaMARC II (1994)

A procedure for postprocessing bathymetry data provided by a phase-measuring sidescan sonar system is presented. The data were collected with the SeaMARC II system, and are generally characterized by a high level of noise and uneven spatial sampling. Before any spatial filtering is applied, data are selected to remove most of the obvious artifacts and to retain instantaneous depth profiles whose slant ranges increase monotonically from a central location to the edges of the swath. An extrapolation scheme, patterned after a potential field, is proposed to fill gaps in the coverage or to extend the bathymetric swath to that of the corresponding sidescan image when regridding the data to a rectangular frame. To fill the near nadir gap typically found in these data, a specific interpolation methodology is developed that takes into account the slant range of the first bottom return as received by the sidescan sonar itself or by a shipboard echo-sounder. Spatial low-pass filtering is applied through convolutions with parabolic windows whose width is proportional to the footprint of the acoustic beam along track and roughly 1/8 of the swath width across track. Mismatches of contour lines between adjacent tracks are reduced through a statistical method design to correct systematic profile errors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 2,4,6‐Tris(trifluoromethyl)phenols with Compounds of Main Group (Li, Na, Mg, Ca, Ba, Ge, Sn) and Transition (Ti, W, Mn, Cd) Elements. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract 1200: AXL targeting enhances lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity of lung cancer cells (2019)

As immunotherapies are now used to treat a large proportion of NSCLC patients, defining mechanisms of immune resistance is critical. Immune resistance may arise from both genetic instability and tumor heterogeneity driven by microenvironmental stresses such as hypoxia that promotes carcinoma cell plasticity as well as extrinsic or intrinsic mechanisms of immune resistance. AXL, a member of the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase family is widely expressed human cancers and increasingly recognized for its role in cell plasticity and drug resistance. In this study, we used a model of hypoxia-induced tumor plasticity to generate multiple lung cancer clones with mesenchymal and epithelial features to address mechanisms of immune resistance. We demonstrate that AXL expression is dramatically increased in mesenchymal lung cancer clones. Moreover, expression of AXL in the cells was correlated with an increased cancer cell intrinsic resistance to both NK and CTL-mediated killing, Notably, small molecule AXL targeting potently sensitized mesenchymal lung cancer cells to cytotoxic lymphocyte-mediated killing. Mechanistically, we showed that attenuation of AXL-dependent immune resistance to immune cells involved a novel molecular network comprising NF-κB activation, increased ICAM1 expression, and upregulation of ULBP1 expression coupled with MAPK inhibition. Congruently, higher ICAM1 and ULBP1 tumor expression, correlated with improved patient survival in two NSCLC cohorts. These results reveal a novel AXL-mediated immune escape regulatory pathway, suggest AXL as a novel candidate biomarker for tumor resistance to NK and CTL immunity, and support AXL targeting to optimize immune response in NSCLC.Citation Format: Sallem Chouaib, Stephane Terry, Stephanie Buart, Agnete Engelsen, Gro Gausdal, James Lorens, Jean Paul Thiery, Fathia Mami-Chouaib. AXL targeting enhances lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity of lung cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1200.
Parallel implementation of backpropagation neural networks on a heterogeneous array of transputers (1997)

This paper analyzes parallel implementation of the backpropagation training algorithm on a heterogeneous transputer network (i.e., transputers of different speed and memory) connected in a pipelined ring topology. Training-set parallelism is employed as the parallelizing paradigm for the backpropagation algorithm. It is shown through analysis that finding the optimal allocation of the training patterns amongst the processors to minimize the time for a training epoch is a mixed integer programming problem. Using mixed integer programming optimal pattern allocations for heterogeneous processor networks having a mixture of T805-20 (20 MHz) and T805-25 (25 MHz) transputers are theoretically found for two benchmark problems. The time for an epoch corresponding to the optimal pattern allocations is then obtained experimentally for the benchmark problems from the T805-20, TS805-25 heterogeneous networks. A Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to statistically verify the optimality of the epoch time obtained from the mixed integer programming based allocations. In this study pattern allocations are randomly generated and the corresponding time for an epoch is experimentally obtained from the heterogeneous network. The mean and standard deviation for the epoch times from the random allocations are then compared with the optimal epoch time. The results show the optimal epoch time to be always lower than the mean epoch times by more than three standard deviations (3sigma) for all the sample sizes used in the study thus giving validity to the theoretical analysis.