gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ceramide and glutathione define two independently regulated pathways of cell death initiated by p53 in Molt-4 leukaemia cells (2003)

The tumour suppressor p53 induces cell death by launching several pathways that are either dependent on or independent of gene transcription. Accumulation of the sphingolipid ceramide and reactive oxygen species are among these pathways. Crossregulation of these two pathways is possible owing to the demonstrated inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase by glutathione, the predominant cellular antioxidant, and has been observed in some cytokine-dependent cell-death models. In a model of irradiation-induced cell death of Molt-4 leukaemia cells, it was found that ceramide accumulation and glutathione depletion were dependent on p53 up-regulation. The loss of p53 owing to expression of the papilloma virus E6 protein inhibited both pathways after irradiation. However, in this model, these two pathways appeared to be independently regulated on the basis of the following observations: (1) glutathione supplementation or depletion did not alter irradiation-induced ceramide accumulation, (2) exogenous ceramide treatment did not induce glutathione depletion, (3) glutathione depletion was dependent on new protein synthesis, whereas ceramide accumulation was independent of it and (4) caspase activation was required for ceramide accumulation but not for glutathione depletion. Furthermore, caspase 9 activation, which is dependent on the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, was not required for ceramide accumulation. This suggested that a caspase, other than caspase 9, was necessary for ceramide accumulation. Interestingly, Bcl-2 expression inhibited these pathways, indicating a possible role for mitochondria in regulating both pathways. These findings indicate that these two pathways exhibit cross-regulation in cytokine-dependent, but not in p53-dependent, cell-death models.
Neutral isonitrile adducts of alkali and alkaline earth metals‡ (1998)

Isonitriles are shown to form stable neutral adducts with some group 1 and 2 metal complexes; the synthesis and structures of [Li{N(R)C(Ph)NC(Ph)CR2}(CNPh)]2, [LiNR2(CNPh)]2, [Mg(CHR2)2(CNC6H3Me2-2,6)2] and [Mg(CHR2)(µ-Br)(CNBut)]2 are described (R = SiMe3).
Studies with Flavin Analogs Provide Evidence That a Protonated Reduced FMN Is the Substrate-induced Transient Intermediate in the Reaction of Escherichia coli Chorismate Synthase (1996)

Chorismate synthase catalyzes the 1,4-elimination of phosphate and the C-(6-pro-R) hydrogen from 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate (EPSP) to generate chorismate. Although this reaction does not involve an overall change in redox state, the enzyme requires reduced FMN. To investigate the role of the flavin in catalysis we have employed chemically modified flavins: 1- and 5-deaza-, 2- and 4-thio-, 6-hydroxy-, 8-nor-6-methyl-, 8-methyl-sulfonyl-, 8-chloro-, 8-fluoro-, 8-nor-methyl-, 8-S-methyl-, 8-methoxy, 8-mercapto- and 8-amino-FMN. Photoreduction of 4-thio-FMN in the presence of chorismate synthase at pH 7.5 produced a reduced flavin species with an absorbance maximum at lambda = 410 nm indicative of monoanionic, reduced 4-thio-FMN. Binding of 8-mercapto- and 6-hydroxy-FMN to chorismate synthase in the presence of EPSP or (6R)-6-fluoro-EPSP resulted in an increase of the flavin analogs' pKa values by 4 and 1 pH units, respectively. On the basis of these findings it is concluded that chorismate synthase preferentially binds neutral flavin species, including the protonated reduced form, rather than anionic flavin species in the presence of EPSP or the 6-fluoro-substrate analog. Further support for this conclusion was obtained using 5-deaza- and 4-thio-FMN. Addition of EPSP to enzyme-bound, reduced 5-deaza-FMN produced spectral changes consistent with protonation of the flavin. Photoreduction of 4-thio-FMN in the presence of enzyme and the (6R)-6-fluoro-EPSP generated a reduced flavin species with absorbance properties of a neutral, reduced 4-thio-flavin. These results and their implications for the nature and kinetic properties of an observed flavin intermediate are discussed in the context of a possible role of reduced flavin as an electron donor to bound EPSP.
Lurasidone: a new drug in development for schizophrenia (2009)

Lurasidone has a high affinity for dopamine D(2) and serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptors as well as for receptors implicated in enhancement of cognitive function (e.g., 5-HT(7,) 5-HT(1A), alpha(2c)). Lurasidone has no affinity for muscarinic M(1) and histamine H(1) receptors and minimal affinity for alpha(1) adrenoceptors, dopamine D(1) and D(3) receptors, serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptors and alpha(2A) adrenoceptors. Phase II efficacy data indicate that lurasidone doses from 40 to 120 mg/day are effective in the treatment of schizophrenia, with positive symptom reduction exceeding that for negative symptoms, as seen with other antipsychotics. Preclinical data indicate that lurasidone reverses MK-801 induced learning and memory impairment in rodents, and active comparator data from a Phase Ib study of lurasidone 120 mg/day versus ziprasidone 160 mg/day also found a signal for effects on cognition. Phase II studies suggest that lurasidone has no significant QTc prolongation and a benign metabolic profile.
Five cases of tonsillectomy and steroid pulse therapy for recurrent immunoglobulin A nephropathy after kidney transplantation (2013)

Five cases of recurrent immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) after kidney transplantation were successfully treated by tonsillectomy and steroid pulse therapy (SPT). The clinical background and pathology in the five cases were different, but good results were obtained in all of them. In cases 1 and 2, mild recurrent IgAN developed and failed to remit after tonsillectomy alone, but a remission was achieved in both cases after SPT. In case 3, highly active recurrent IgAN with crescent lesions developed 13 years after kidney transplantation, and a remission was achieved after SPT. In case 4, renal biopsy specimens showed pathological findings of recurrent IgAN with tubulitis, and hematuria and proteinuria resolved after SPT. In case 5, the biopsy findings indicated recurrent IgAN with chronic rejection. Tonsillectomy was followed by resolution of the proteinuria, and a remission was achieved after SPT. In conclusion, SPT is effective in inducing a remission of recurrent IgAN when tonsillectomy alone fails.
Cage solitons (2022)

Soliton solutions of the Haus master equation and the transverse wave equation are discussed. These solutions are obtained by converting the eigenvalue problem of a differential operator into an algebraic problem. Compared to free space solutions of the respective equation, the solutions space shrinks to discrete soliton solutions, which often strongly deviate from the well-known bell-shaped free space solutions. We find qualitatively very similar solutions describing two very different physical scenarios. As these solitons show a similar reaction to a limited support in the Fourier domain, we term these characteristic profiles cage solitons.
Formation of Organosulfur Compounds from Aqueous Phase Reactions of S(IV) with Methacrolein and Methyl Vinyl Ketone in the Presence of Transition Metal Ions (2019)

The catalytic oxidation of S(IV) species by transition metal ions (TMIs) is a significant pathway for aqueous sulfate formation. Sulfoxy radicals, such as SO3–, SO4–, and SO5– radicals, are major intermediates in this catalytic reaction. These radicals can also react with organic compounds to produce organosulfur compounds, which are important tracers of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. However, the mechanism for the formation of organosulfur compounds via this pathway is not well understood. Here, we investigate the formation of organosulfur compounds from the aqueous reaction of isoprene oxidation products, in this case, methacrolein (MACR) and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), with sulfite/bisulfite in the presence of different TMIs. In particular, we show here how this chemistry is influenced by the presence of Fe3+ and Mn2+ both separately and together. Fe3+ and Mn2+ have distinctly different effects on the mechanism for organosulfur formation. Both C2–C4 organosulfur compounds and their oligomers are formed in the presence of Fe3+, whereas only C2–C4 organosulfur compounds are observed in the presence of Mn2+. Fe3+ dominates the formation of organosulfur compounds when both Fe3+ and Mn2+ are present, as indicated by the significant increase of oligomers observed even at low ratios of Fe3+ to Mn2+ (1:25). Furthermore, the quantification of organosulfur compounds shows that organosulfur compound formation through TMI-catalyzed reactions makes a significant contribution to the fate of S(IV) in the aqueous phase. The importance of these reactions in the atmosphere is discussed.
Lean Optimization Techniques for Improvement of Production Flows and Logistics Management: The Case Study of a Fruits Distribution Center (2022)

The organizations of horticultural producers and, particularly, those that deal with extremely perishable endogenous fruits, such as peaches and cherries, have a greater need to optimize production flows and processes. A particularity of the horticultural industry is the short shelf life of raw materials and the seasonality of products. In this paper, optimization techniques are used to improve the production flows and the management of cold storage and distribution in a fruit central. The application of Lean tools allowed reducing the cycle time by 4.37 min and the lead time by 7.10 min of the whole process, i.e., a reduction of 35.5% and 10.6% of the cycle time and lead time, respectively, excluding the cold conservation operation. The study shows that it is possible to reduce, or even eliminate, waste throughout the process, reduce unnecessary movement, adapt the layout, maximize workspace, and level stocks, as well as greater supplier involvement in a continuous improvement approach. This approach can be outlined as a good practice for the optimization of productive flows and management logistics that may benefit productivity, energy efficiency, human resources distribution, food quality, and reduce food waste.
A pharmacological evaluation of Baphia nitida Lodd (Leguminosae) ethanolic extract on rats and mice (1991)

Abstract Fresh leaves of Baphia nitida supplied by a herbalist were extracted, screened phytochemically and then subjected to various pharmacological tests. The phytochemical tests showed the presence of saponin, flavonoid glycosides and true tannins. In the dose range used, no acute toxicity was observed for the ethanolic extract. The extract showed a dose dependent antinociceptive (analgesic) activity in mice with the analgesic activity of 500 mg/kg extract being comparable to that of 300 mg/kg of acetylsalicylic acid. The extract demonstrated an antidiarrhoeal effect by protecting rats against castor oil induced diarrhoea. This was also dose related but less than the protection afforded by sodium salicylate. The extract did not demonstrate any appreciable anticonvulsant effect against strychnine‐induced convulsion in rats.
Differential effects of low-dose resveratrol on adiposity and hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obese mice (2012)

Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) enriched in saturated fat induces excessive weight gain due to adiposity, which can lead to metabolic complications, as well as increased risk of fatty liver disease and CVD. The present study investigated the underlying mechanism and dose-response effects of resveratrol (RV) on obesity, hepatic steatosis and dyslipidaemia in mice fed a HFD. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet or a HFD (20 % fat, w/w) combined with 0·005 or 0·02 % (w/w) RV for 10 weeks. As expected, mice fed a HFD developed obesity, as shown by increased body weight gain, visceral fat, hepatic fat and plasma cholesterol. RV significantly reduced visceral fat and plasma NEFA. In the liver of HFD-fed mice, RV significantly reduced TAG and cholesterol, as well as lipid droplet number and size. A low dose of RV (0·005 %) appeared to be more effective than a higher dose of RV (0·02 %) for suppressing adiposity and hepatic steatosis development with a significant decrease in body weight gain, plasma TAG and total cholesterol levels. These changes were seemingly attributable to a suppression of the fatty acid (FA) synthase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and/or an activation of FA oxidation in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue. In conclusion, daily consumption of a low dose of RV is effective for protecting against diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and dyslipidaemia in HFD-fed mice.
How Your Companys Credit Rating Will Affect Your Electricity Costs (2000)

If you are ready to pass this article by because financial issues are not part of your energy-related property operations concern—please don’t! Every facilities professional with properties taking delivery of electricity in deregulated, or to be deregulated, territories has a direct need to understand and become involved with this issue. Soon, if not already, your company credit rating will have a direct effect on the cost of your electric commodity. And soon, I submit, you will be placed in a position of being forced to deal with this.
In concept the issue is very simple. Without competition there was only one provider possible, and no opportunity existed for a consumer to leave the provider with energy costs in arrears. A property might go many months without paying the bill, but the provider was reasonably safe in that there was no way for the consumer to escape ultimately paying or being cut off. And so, the provider utility was not particularly concerned with the creditworthiness of its consumers (in fact they were, but only behind the scenes).
Now, with open access and alternative providers, it is possible to incur past due charges and switch to a new provider leaving the old provider holding uncollected dollars. The old provider no longer has the option to shut off the power because the property has already switched to a new provider. This old provider was operating in a position of credit risk left over from the ‘old days’ of monopolistic guarantees.
Ion beam assisted deposition of MgO barriers for magnetic tunnel junctions (2008)

This work reports for the first time results on MgO tunnel junctions prepared by ion beam. The MgO barrier was deposited from a ceramic MgO target using an assisted beam, following the deposition and assisted beam phase diagram which relate the beam profile with the current and energy. The deposition rate for MgO is calculated with and without assisted beam, and compared with the experimental values. The MgO film growth on Ta∕CoFeB∕MgO simple stacks was optimized aiming at a (002) preferred orientation for the MgO growth, measured by x-ray diffraction. The optimum assist beam energy was tuned for each deposition beam condition (+800,+1000,+1200V), using assist beams of 40mA (∼130μA∕cm2) with 0to+600V. Without assist beam, no texture is observed for the MgO, while the (002) orientation appears for assisted deposition. The optimum range of assist voltages is large, being limited by the onset of etching at high voltages, reducing the deposition rate. Magnetic tunnel junctions were deposited with the structure Ta 50Å∕Ru 200Å∕Ta 50Å∕Mn78Ir22 150Å∕Co90Fe10 30Å∕Ru 8Å∕Co56Fe24B20 40Å∕MgO t∕Co56Fe24B20 30Å∕Ru 30Å∕Ta 50Å, with the MgO barrier deposited with the conditions optimized by x rays. The effect of the assist beam energy on the junction properties (magnetoresistance and magnetization) are discussed. Tunnel magnetoresistance values up to 110%, with RA products of 100–400Ωμm2, for 11Å thick MgO barriers are obtained using assisted deposition with a +100V assist beam, which is a major improvement of the ∼30% of TMR, if no beam is used.
Engineered Streambeds for Induced Hyporheic Flow: Enhanced Removal of Nutrients, Pathogens, and Metals from Urban Streams (2015)

The hyporheic zone (HZ) has the potential to mitigate nonpoint source pollution that threatens urban streams, but limited flows and inefficient interchange typically constrain its water quality improvements. This paper presents coordinated streambed hydraulic conductivity (K) modifications, termed Biohydrochemical Enhancement Structures for Streamwater Treatment (BEST), to efficiently drive interchange, attenuating nutrients, metals, and pathogens. Numerical models consisted of sandy HZ with high and low K streambed media components, and variable slope and in situ sediment K. BEST contaminant mitigation was estimated using hyporheic flow and residence time (RT) simulations and contaminant removal rate constants from literature for specific porous media. Hyporheic flows improved, whereas mean RT decreased approximately linearly with increasing slope and in situ K. Despite vast differences in flow and RT, contaminant removal potential was relatively consistent among BEST in which reaction time scales were similar to or shorter than RTs. However, BEST with excessive RTs were less efficient. Most contaminants could be attenuated within a series of BEST 50 m in length, suggesting that BEST could be an effective stormwater best management practice for small streams.
The ventilation of buildings and other mitigating measures for COVID-19: a focus on wintertime. (2021)

The year 2020 has seen the emergence of a global pandemic as a result of the disease COVID-19. This report reviews knowledge of the transmission of COVID-19 indoors, examines the evidence for mitigating measures, and considers the implications for wintertime with a focus on ventilation.
Wafer level analysis and simulation of back end of line chemical mechanical polishing processes (2022)

The Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) variation on a die is a function of the die’s location on the wafer. For example, the post CMP thickness and/or topography variations in the center die can be very different from those in the mid-radius and edge dies. Consequently, the number of CMP hotspots and the hotspot locations can vary from die-to-die on a given wafer. Most commercial CMP simulation tools in the Design for Manufacturing (DFM) field focus on predicting CMP topography and thicknesses for a single die on the patterned wafer, and do not have wafer level prediction capabilities. For CMP simulation to be more effective in process and layout optimization, CMP simulation tools should be able to accurately predict CMP performance at the feature-scale, within the die, and across the entire wafer. In this paper, we analyze CMP data from multiple dies on back end of line (BEOL) Cu interconnect levels and show the wafer level effects in a polishing process. We use the data to calibrate Cadence’s integrated wafer level and die level CMP models and use the calibrated models to predict the CMP pattern dependencies on multiple dies across a product chip wafer. Finally, we show a comparison of the simulation to measured data.
Shibasaki Catalysts and Their Use for Asymmetric Synthetic Applications by the Chemical Industry (2016)

Shibasaki catalysts are a unique, highly efficient, and broadly applicable class of catalysts, which enable highly enantioselective reactions, have a broad utility towards a range of different reactions, and contain a ligand sphere that can be fine‐tuned in an elegant and simple manner. Key features of these catalysts include their bifunctionality and their Lewis acid/Brønsted base or Lewis acid/Lewis base components in combination with a chiral backbone. Their catalytic properties have made Shibasaki catalysts attractive for the development of industrial processes. Such reactions that employ Shibasaki catalysts and address their industrial potential are summarized in this review. Among them are processes that were jointly developed by the Shibasaki group with chemical companies or commercialized at a later time by industry. Actelion Pharmaceuticals, Nissan Chemicals, Hokko Chemicals, SKW Trostberg AG (presently Alzchem AG), and Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma jointly with Sunovion Pharmaceuticals have been involved in activities for the commercial use of Shibasaki catalysts.
The Colony-Forming Cell in the Normal and Leukemic Human Host: Responses to Streptovaricin and Rifamycin SV 2 (1974)

The in vitro effects of streptovaricin complex (SvCx), streptovaricin C (SvC), and rifamycin SV (RiSV) on colony-forming cells (CFCs) from the peripheral blood of 19 normal individuals and 2 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) were determined in a soft-agar culture system. All 3 ansamycins, which inhibit the RNAdependent DNA polymerase of oncornaviruses, had strong anti-CFC activity at concentrations <50 μg/ml. The order of potency was RiSV > > SvCx > SvC; the mean 50/e inhibitory concentrations were 2.5, 25, and 42 μg/ml, respectively. Antiproliferative activities of these ansamycins on CFCs from both CML patients were similar and no selective toxicity was observed.
Associative and data processing Mbit-DRAM (2002)

The extension of a conventional Mbit-DRAM to an associative and data processing DRAM (ADRAM) using an additional multifunction circuit has been investigated. This circuit allows the application of associative or logical functions to many cells simultaneously in one memory cycle. The organization (e.g. string length, cascading, data structure, and masking) of the ADRAM is highly flexible and can be parameterized. An estimation based on a 4-Mb DRAM shows that the compare rate is 30*10/sup 9/ b/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>