gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on carbon and graphite. Quarterly progress report, October 1-- December 31, 1972 (1973)

A commercial coal-tar pitch was separated into four major fractions and the influence of each on the development of crystallinity in carbons derived from them was studied.The pyrolysis behaviors of coal-tar pitch, polyfurfuryl alcohol, phenolic resin, and a polyphenylene were studied and the ad vantages of each as binders and impregnants are discussed.Commercial and experimental graphites, end a carbon-carbon composite were impregnated with a coal-tar pitch or furfuryl alcohol resin.Effects of specimen size and impregnating conditions on saturation efficiency were studied.Organometallic compounds were used as sources of metal for forming fine dispersions of Tie, ZrC, VC and TaC in carbons derived from coal-tar pitch or furfuryl alcohol resin.A series of ablation models, representing four high-strength exper imental graphites, has been prepared and sent to NASA Ames Research Center for testing.The development of highly anisotropic polycrystalline graphites from ground pyrolytic graphite fillers for use in ablation applications has begun. I. BINDER STUDIESA. Pitches Pitches contain many thousands of compounds with varying, but relatively low molecular weights.They are primarily polycyclic or condensed arcmaticring systems with some heterocyclic rings.Most compounds contain three to seven rings joined to gether in numerous configurations to produce mole cules which pack into relatively flat structures.The extent to which these clusters align themselves determines their predisposition to form large, highly aligned crystallites when the pitch is coked and graphitized.To determine how various pitch components can influence crystallite development, a standard coaltar pitch was separated into four major fractions by solvent extraction.These fractions were anal yzed and their influence on pitch properties deter mined.
Epiderstain, a new inhibitor of the mitogenic activity induced by epidermal growth factor. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and characterization. (1989)

Inhibitors of mitogenic activity induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) were screened from culture broths of soil microorganisms. A strain of actinomycetes has been found to produce a new glutarimide antibiotic named epiderstatin which inhibits the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into quiescent animal cells stimulated by EGF. Taxonomic studies have revealed that the producing strain belongs to a subspecies of Streptomyces pulveraceus, thus the name, Streptomyces pulveraceus subsp. epiderstagenes was given to this strain. The molecular formula (C15H20N2O4) and UV profile (lambda max 295 nm) of the antibiotic are distinct from other known antibiotics. It inhibited the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into quiescent cells stronger than into growing cells.
Projected gradient-tracking in multi-cluster games and its application to power management (2022)

We are concerned with a distributed approach to solve multi-cluster games arising in multi-agent systems. In such games, agents are separated into distinct clusters. The agents belonging to the same cluster cooperate with each other to achieve a common cluster goal while a non-cooperative game is played between the clusters. To be able to deal with the sparsity of information, as each agent only knows a specific part of the problem, we combine gradient-tracking and consensus methods for information distribution into an algorithm that can solve both the cooperative and non-cooperative problem in a single run. The constraints of the problem are taken into account by the corresponding projection operators and linear convergence is proven given an appropriate constant step size. The algorithm is applied to a day-ahead power management problem, posed as a multi-cluster game, and its efficiency is demonstrated by simulations.
Miniaturized Radar, Outsized Results (2010)

The Mini-RF instrument is a Synthetic Aperture Radar that was awarded “technology demonstration” status onboard NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). Mini-RF has a sister instrument called Mini-SAR that flew on the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The instruments share a Payload Operations Center (POC) located at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland. The LRO instrument has proved to be extremely useful and the stakeholders desire higher use than was originally planned. In fact, the expected data volume for the primary LRO mission increased three hundred-fold from 200 GB to 60 TB. The capabilities of the Mini-RF instrument and POC were increased without burdening the LRO Mission Operations Center (MOC) and personnel. The approach included enacting numerous intermediate manual workarounds with automated solutions following as time and staffing allowed. The Mini-RF team scaled the POC systems to meet the increased demands, enabling Mini-RF to support opportunity targeting and to map large portions of the Moon at both the polar and equatorial regions.
Depth Sensing Beyond LiDAR Range (2020)

Depth sensing is a critical component of autonomous driving technologies, but today's LiDAR- or stereo camera-based solutions have limited range. We seek to increase the maximum range of self-driving vehicles' depth perception modules for the sake of better safety. To that end, we propose a novel three-camera system that utilizes small field of view cameras. Our system, along with our novel algorithm for computing metric depth, does not require full pre-calibration and can output dense depth maps with practically acceptable accuracy for scenes and objects at long distances not well covered by most commercial LiDARs.
Inverse design and implementation of nanophotonic devices (2015)

Using an inverse design method that explores the full design space of fabricable devices, we demonstrate a compact wavelength splitter with a footprint of only 2.8 × 2.8 m. The device has low insertion loss (2 - 4 dB), high contrast (12 - 17 dB), and is robust to fabrication imperfections.
An integral-based curvature estimator and its application in face recognition (2010)

This paper addresses an old, yet challenging issue - curvature estimation from discrete sampling points over a curve. We introduce a novel algorithm based on performing line integrals. The proposed method is computationally more efficient than the previous integration-based methods because of the constant computation time. Qualitative tests on synthesized shapes in the presence of noise are performed, which show the robustness of our approach. Also, the discriminative capability of the estimated curvature is evaluated by conducting experiments on the FRGC (Face Recognition Grand Challenge) v2.0 dataset which contains 4007 3D facial images recorded from 466 subjects. The results show that recognition performance is significantly improved by using our curvature estimation method. This novel approach presents potential for a broad class of multimedia applications.
Investigation of the LIGA process to fabricate microchannel plates (2002)

This paper describes the development of microchannel plate prototypes with aspect ratios of 20:1 and a variety of microchannel geometries. The LIGA process is utilized to fabricate nickel molds up to 150 /spl mu/m in height with planarized surfaces. A novel application of spin-on glass is developed to obtain glass structures in Ni molds. A reverse electroplating is used to remove the Ni mold and release the glass structures with height of more than 100 /spl mu/m.
Visible-Light-Promoted Photoaddition of N-Nitrosopiperidines to Alkynes: Continuous Flow Chemistry Approach to Tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine 1-Oxides (2022)

The photoaddition of <i>N</i>-nitrosopiperidines to terminal alkynes was effected under visible-light irradiation, in which a novel synthetic access to tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyridine 1-oxides was achieved via the dehydrogenative cycloisomerization of β-nitroso enamine intermediates. The decomposition pathways of <i>N</i>-nitrosamines, alkynes, and β-nitroso enamine intermediates were better handled in a continuous flow setting through the diffusion control of chemical species that negatively affected the formation of tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyridine 1-oxides under batch reaction conditions.
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation as a DNA Damage-induced Post-translational Modification Regulating Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1-Topoisomerase I Interaction (2004)

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification that occurs immediately after exposure of cells to DNA damaging agents. In vivo, 90% of ADP-ribose polymers are attached to the automodification domain of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), the main enzyme catalyzing this modification reaction. This enzyme forms complexes with transcription initiation, DNA replication, and DNA repair factors. In most known cases, the interactions occur through the automodification domain. However, functional implications of the automodification reaction on these interactions have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we created fluorescent protein-tagged PARP-1 to study this enzyme in live cells and focused on the interaction between PARP-1 and topoisomerase I (Topo I), one of the enzymes that interacts with PARP-1 in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that PARP-1 co-localizes with Topo I throughout the cell cycle. Results from bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays suggest that the co-localization is because of a direct protein-protein interaction. In response to DNA damage, PARP-1 de-localization and a reduction in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer signal because of the automodification reaction are observed, suggesting that the automodification reaction results in the disruption of the interaction between PARP-1 and Topo I. Because Topo I activity has been reported to be promoted by PARP-1, we then investigated the effect of the disruption of this interaction on Topo I activity, and we found that this disruption results in the reduction of Topo I activity. These results suggest that a function for the automodification reaction is to regulate the interaction between PARP-1 and Topo I, and consequently, the Topo I activity, in response to DNA damage.
Supplementary Material for: Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Stimulate Proinflammatory Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells (2017)

Tissue injury leads to the release of uric acid (UA). At high local concentrations, UA can form monosodium urate crystals (MSU). MSU and UA stimulate neutrophils to release extracellular traps (NET). Here, we investigated whether these NET could be involved in the development of inflammation by stimulating cytokine release by airway epithelial cells. We found that NET significantly increased the secretion of CXCL8/IL-8 and IL-6 by alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells. These effects were not observed when NETosis was inhibited by Diphenyleneiodonium, elastase inhibitor, or Cl-amidine. Similar findings were made with NET induced by cigarette smoke extract, suggesting that NET proinflammatory capacity is independent of the inducing stimulus. Furthermore, NET affected neither the viability and morphology of epithelial cells nor the barrier integrity of polarized cells. The epithelial stimulatory capacity of NET was not affected by degradation of DNA with micrococcal nuclease, treatment with heparin, or inhibition of the elastase immobilized to DNA, but it was significantly reduced by pretreatment with an anti-HMGB-1 blocking antibody. Altogether, our findings indicate that NET exert direct proinflammatory effects on airway epithelial cells that might contribute in vivo to the further recruitment of neutrophils and the perpetuation of inflammation upon lung tissue damage.
TSV Antennas for Multi-Band Wireless Communication (2020)

On-chip wireless links offer improved network performance due to long distance communication, additional bandwidth, and broadcasting capabilities of antennas. This work challenges the on-chip antenna design conventions, and pushes toward a Through-Silicon Via-based antenna design called TSV_A that establishes multi-band wireless communication through the silicon substrate medium with only a 3 dB loss over a 30mm on-chip distance. The TSV_A performance is evaluated in both Finite Element Method and system-level Network-on-Chip (NoC) simulations. A comparison to traditional wire-based NoCs, analysis of wireless multi-bands, and technology scaling to demonstrate the substantial area improvements compared to traditional wireless NoCs (up to 99.88%) are performed. Simulation results show an improvement in network latency up to ~13% (average improvement of ~7%), energy-delay improvements of ~34% on average, and an improvement in throughput up to ~34% (average improvement of ~23%), using Wireless NoC with multi-band TSV_As. The improved signal performance of TSV_A, and multi-band capabilities, are ideal for wireless intercell communication for programmable metasurfaces with dedicated communication layers.
Trudne do leczenia nawrotowe zwężenia aorty - opis pięciu przypadków (2007)

Powtorne leczenie operacyjne nawrotowego zwezenia aorty wiąze sie z duzym ryzykiem (5%)
w izolowanych zwezeniach aorty i zwieksza sie do 25% w zlozonych wadach serca. Powszechnie
stosowaną metodą w terapii nawrotu zwezenia aorty po przebytej wcześniej operacji pozostaje
jej poszerzenie przy uzyciu balonow i stentow. Opisano 5 trudnych przypadkow pacjentow,
u ktorych nawrotowe zwezenia aorty poszerzono stentem. Wczesne wyniki zastosowania
stentu w terapii nawrotowego zwezenia po operacyjnym leczeniu cieśni aorty są dobre. Jednak
w cześci przypadkow interwencje kardiologiczne z uzyciem stentow stanowią terapie paliatywną
nielikwidującą calkowicie problemow związanych z tą wadą. (Folia Cardiologica
Excerpta 2007; 2: 2430-249)
The chemistry of terpenes. Part III. Oxidative hydroboronation of car-2-, -3-, and -4-enes (1967)

W. Cocker, P. V. R. Shannon and P. A. Staniland, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1967, 485 DOI: 10.1039/J39670000485
Perception of string quartet synchronization (2014)

Timing variation in small group musical performance results from intentional, expressive, and unintentional, error components in individual player timing. These timing fluctuations produce variability in between-player note asynchrony and require timing adjustments to keep the ensemble together. The size of the adjustments relative to the asynchrony (correction gain) affects the amount and nature of asynchrony variability. We present new listening tests to estimate thresholds for perception of between-player asynchrony variability and to determine whether listeners use differences in the nature of the variability, as well as in its magnitude, to judge asynchrony. In two experiments, computer-simulated ensemble performances of a 48-note excerpt from Haydn Op. 74 No. 1 were generated. Between-player note asynchrony was systematically manipulated in terms of level of within-player timing variability (Experiment 1) and correction gain (Experiment 2). On each trial, participants listened to two samples, one ("target") with more between-player asynchrony variability than the other ("test"), and reported which was "less together." In both experiments, the test sample correction gain was fixed at the statistically optimal value of 0.25 and the within-player timing variability was minimal (zero except for random variability in the initial note). In Experiment 1 the target correction gain was fixed at 0.25 and the timing variability was adjusted over trials by a staircase algorithm designed to converge on the level of asynchrony variability giving 75% correct identification. In Experiment 2 the timing variability in the target was set at half that in Experiment 1 and the correction gain was varied to converge on 75% correct identification. Our results show that the between-player asynchrony variability giving 75% correct identification in Experiment 2 was significantly lower than in Experiment 1. This finding indicates that people are sensitive to both the degree of variance and the micro-structure of the time-series of the asynchronies caused by differences in correction gain when judging lack of togetherness in quartet performance.
Spontaneous rhythmic bursts induced by pharmacological block of inhibition in lumbar motoneurons of the neonatal rat spinal cord (1996)

1. The effects of blocking gamma-aminobutyric acid- and glycine-mediated synaptic transmission by bicuculline and strychnine on the neonatal rat isolated spinal cord were investigated by intracellular recording from motoneurons with the use of current-clamp and voltage-clamp techniques and by extracellular recording from homologous ventral roots of the L5 segment. 2. Bicuculline per se evoked irregular bursts of motoneuron membrane potential, often comprising individual events fused together. Strychnine alone did not elicit spontaneous bursting in the large majority of preparations. Simultaneous application of bicuculline and strychnine consistently induced regular rhythmic bursts (frequency approximately 2 per min, duration approximately 7 s), comprising a rapid depolarization followed by large-amplitude oscillations. 3. Burst frequency, duration, and intraburst oscillation time course were independent of motoneuron membrane potential. Burst and oscillation amplitude decreased with membrane depolarization and, under voltage-clamp conditions, inverted polarity near 0 mV. 4. The regular bursts produced by bicuculline and strychnine were blocked by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, tetrodotoxin, or Cd2+. 5. N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists [R-5-aminophosphonovalerate or 3-((RS)-2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonate (CPP)] reversibly blocked or slowed down bursting induced by bicuculline and strychnine. Addition of cyclothiazide to the bicuculline and strychnine solution increased bursting frequency while preserving the regular burst structure; under these conditions bursts became insensitive to CPP. 6. In the presence of bicuculline and strychnine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) increased burst frequency and decreased burst duration in a dose-dependent fashion. 7. In the presence of bicuculline and strychnine, L5 ventral roots developed synchronous rhythmic activity with a time course similar to that recorded from individual motoneurons. The rhythmic activity was accelerated by 5-HT on both roots, in accordance with observations on single motoneurons. 8. Rhythmic bursts thus appear to result from large, synchronous synaptic events generated by a network modulated by 5-HT and highly sensitive to variations in efficacy of glutamatergic synaptic transmission. These results show that in the rat spinal cord highly patterned motor output can occur despite block of inhibition.
Paper # 77: Histhopathologic Findings in Partial Achilles Tendon Ruptures (2011)

The surgical findings and histopathology are reported in 217 patients (49 females and 168 males, age: 18-66, 70% professional or amateur athletes) with Achilles tendon ruptures. We analysed and compared the history of those patients, taking into consideration following aspects: first onset of symptoms, aggravating and relieving factors, duration of symptoms, previous treatment, injections, clinical examination (local Achilles deformity, pain localisation, gastro-soleus muscle development/atrophy, biomechanical evaluation). All of the patient had US examination. There were 42 cases (19,35%) of partial ruptures. Samples for histopathological examination were always taken from clinically symptomatic and macroscopically injured parts of the tendon. In all cases (both complete and partial rupture) histopathologic picture was similar. Intraoperative evaluation of partial injures always revealed changes within one (in some cases in two) bundles of Achilles tendon. In all cases we could point the bundle with the biggest or asymetrical load and that we believe is the main factor for partial Achilles tendon injury. On the other hand histopathologic evaluation revealed: micro-injuries, fatty metaplasia, degenerative tendon-like tissue and pathologic vessels, but no inflammatory process and no potential for self healing. Mean follow-up is 3 years. In conclusion, on bases of our experience, outcomes and surgical as well as histopathological findings we believe that: Partial rupture of Achilles tendon may be a result of acute injury or a consequence of repeated microinjuries. There are three bundles of Achilles tendon and force transmission direction of each bundle is different. Acute partial Achilles tendon injuries occur during excessive asymmetric loading of the tendon. The injury occurs in the most loaded bundle. Clinically in our study, it is most often the bundle running from the medial head of gastrocnemius muscle or from the soleus muscle. Chronic processes may also be a result of overload (repetitive microtrauma) of one of the Achilles tendon bundles. The goal of operative treatment is to restore full biomechanical function of the tendon (or as similar to physiology as possible) and to restore the ability to correct transmission of contractile forces, which is possible only by careful reconstruction of the three-bundle structure of Achilles tendon. Surgical treatment has also another purpose - to enhance healing process, which in histopathologic examination has been proven to be very limited.
Simulated, Emulated, and Physical Investigative Analysis (SEPIA) of networked systems (2009)

Tools are necessary for the DoD to analyze their information system's security, reliability, and resilience against cyber attack. Today's security analysis utilize real systems such as computers, network routers and other network equipment, computer emulations (e.g., virtual machines) and simulation models separately to analyze interplay between threats and safeguards. In contrast, we are developing new methods to combine these three approaches to provide hybrid Simulated, Emulated, and Physical Investigative Analysis (SEPIA) environments. Sandia Labs' current SEPIA environment enables simulated networks to pass network traffic and perform, from the outside, like real networks. We connect both emulated and physical routers and computers to the simulated networks. This provides higher fidelity representations of key network nodes while still leveraging the scalability and cost advantages of simulation tools. SEPIA includes tools that facilitate rapid configuration and deployment of experiments. The result is to rapidly produce large yet relatively low-cost multi-fidelity SEPIA networks of computers and routers that let analysts quickly investigate threats and test protection approaches.
Is endometrial cancer really a neurophobic tumor? A case report and review of the literature. (2014)

Brain metastases due to endometrial cancer are rare and usually occur in the context of widespread disease. We present a rare case of a 74-year-old woman with recurrent endometrial cancer in terms of a solitary brain lesion two years after initial diagnosis. She was treated with local resection of the brain metastasis and subsequent whole-brain radiotherapy. She then experienced relapse twice, presenting two solitary metastases at two different time points at the same location as at initial diagnosis, but never showed any signs of extracranial widespread disease. The patient has been alive for 13 months after detection of her initial brain metastasis. Despite the identification of some risk factors, there is still very limited knowledge why some patients develop brain metastases as the only sign of distant spread. Our review of the literature revealed that the combination of two treatment modalities yields higher survival rates than single treatment-alone, as was the case in the presented patient. Further case reports, as well as large and prospective studies, may contribute to a better understanding of the etiology and dynamics of this disease and allow better evaluation of treatment options.