gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Die Rolle der Oxidkomponente für die Entwicklung von Kupfer‐Komposit‐Katalysatoren zur Synthese von Methanol (2013)

Der gezielte Entwurf fester Katalysatoren für industrielle Prozesse ist noch immer eine der zentralen Herausforderungen in der synthetischen Materialchemie. Auf der Grundlage von Untersuchungen des industriellen Cu/ZnO/Al2O3-Katalysators wird ein modulares Konzept eingeführt, das bei der Entwicklung von neuartigen Methanolsynthesekatalysatoren für verschiedene Eduktgasgemische hilft.
La experiencia de la certificación: Anticipación como estrategia (2008)

Lindane and paraquat induce biochemical changes in the liver. In order to specify their molecular impact at the cellular level, a 300 MHz 1H NMR investigation of hepatoma cell lines Hep 3B and Hep G2 responses was performed. Cells were exposed over 24 h to 50 mg/L lindane (0.178 mM) or to 100 mg/L (0.389 mM) paraquat concentrations. The main observation following exposure to lindane was a decrease in betaine methyl groups (3.26 ppm) which could be related to the steatosis reported by some authors. Specifically, in Hep G2 cells with this pesticide, the glycine peak (3.56 ppm) was lowered, thus confirming that the glycine synthesis pathway involving methionine, choline, and betaine was disturbed by lindane. Moreover, in this hepatoma cell line, the p-chlorobenzoate ion could be detected as a doublet at 7.55 ppm. In Hep 3B cells, paraquat increased betaine and methionine levels, suggesting disturbance in glycine biosynthesis. Possibilities of cellular uptake were considered, and the presence of this herbicide in cells was revealed by spectrophotometric and NMR measurements after chlorhydric hydrolysis, suggesting interaction with cellular components. The impact of paraquat on Hep G2 cells appeared to be located on mitochondrial function, as indicated by the observed decrease in succinate and pyruvate levels.
Small Circular DNA Molecules Act as Rigid Motifs To Build DNA Nanotubes (2014)

Small circular DNA molecules with designed lengths, for example 64 and 96 nucleotides (nt), after hybridization with a few 32-nt staple strands respectively, can act as rigid motifs for the construction of DNA nanotubes with excellent uniformity in ring diameter. Unlike most native DNA nanotubes, which consist of longitudinal double helices, nanotubes assembled from circular DNAs are constructed from lateral double helices. Of the five types of DNA nanotubes designed here, four are built by alternating two different rings of the same ring size, while one is composed of all the same 96-nt rings. Nanotubes constructed from the same 96-nt rings are 10-100 times shorter than those constructed from two different 96-nt rings, because there are fewer hinge joints on the rings.
Subchronic phencyclidine in rats: alterations in locomotor activity, maze performance, and GABAA receptor binding (2010)

Phencyclidine (PCP), an antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors, decreases gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibition, suggesting that changes in GABAergic receptor function underlie behavioral and cognitive deficits resulting from repeated administration of PCP. To test this hypothesis, male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with PCP (4.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, twice a day for 7 consecutive days) or saline were tested in behavioral and cognitive tasks 7 days after injections. The PCP group showed increased amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg)-stimulated locomotor activity, and exhibited a greater number of errors in the double Y-maze memory task, when compared with controls. Subchronic PCP treatment increased [H]muscimol-binding sites and decreased affinity for [H]muscimol binding in frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum in comparison with controls. There were no changes in the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase or the GABA membrane transporter protein. These data show that subchronic PCP administration induces an impaired performance of a previously learned task and an enhanced response to amphetamine in the rat. The observed changes in GABAA receptors in the rat brain are consistent with the notion that alterations in GABAergic receptor function contribute to the behavioral and cognitive impairments associated with repeated exposure to PCP.
Minimum Relative Entropy Inference for Normal and Monte Carlo Distributions (2020)

We represent affine sub-manifolds of exponential family distributions as minimum relative entropy sub-manifolds. With such representation we derive analytical formulas for the inference from partial information on expectations and covariances of multivariate normal distributions; and we improve the numerical implementation via Monte Carlo simulations for the inference from partial information of generalized expectation type.
Chloride‐induced stress corrosion cracking of Duplex stainless steels. Models, test methods and experience (1995)

Abstract Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) induced by chlorides frequently causes problems in applications where standard austenitic stainless steels are being used. Often this problem can be solved by the use of duplex stainless steels. In this report the mechanisms for SCC have been surveyed, and the cause for the high SCC resistance of duplex stainless steels has been discussed and evaluation of test methods for SCC and how duplex stainless steels respond to them, as well as practical experience of duplex stainless steels. The study shows that no single mechanism can be attributed to the good resistance to SCC of duplex stainless steels. Probably a synergistic effect of electrochemical and/or mechanical effects is responsible for the good performance. Test methods for SCC often give relatively good correspondence with real applications, but ranking is often doubtful, and comparisons of different material types should be made with caution. Numerous cases with SCC on standard austenitic stainless steels have been solved by the use of duplex stainless steels.
Knowledge is power: harnessing clinical database for better informed laboratory medicine practice (2017)

There is a saying in the research community that if the world stops performing any laboratory-based research, it will still have enough data to be analysed over the next 5 years. The anecdote underscores two important issues that are at the heart of modern day research and is also applicable to laboratory medicine.
Modeling Residual Life of an IC Considering Multiple Aging Mechanisms (2016)

Counterfeiting and recycling of integrated circuits (ICs) is a significant threat to the safety and security of commercial and military systems. To deter recycled ICs from entering the supply chain, the residual life of ICs should be metered. Several aging sensors have been proposed to track the semiconductor degradation effects, but there are very few works to monitor multiple aging mechanisms and their cumulative effect on lifetime reliability. In this paper, we present an analytical model to directly measure the residual life of an IC based on its history of operating conditions. Unlike prior work, we compute residual life of an IC considering multiple aging mechanisms based on cumulative distribution function (CDF) of failure rate. The most important intrinsic silicon degradation mechanisms are time dependent dielectric breakdown, electromigration, hot carrier degradation, negative bias temperature instability and others. For the purpose of illustration, we narrow our focus on residual life modeling based on Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB), then generalize to account for multiple aging mechanisms. The model allows for physical implementation of residual life meter in an IC.
Quinoxaline chemistry. Part 6--Synthesis and evaluation of antiulcer and gastroprotective activity of 2-[arylmethylmercapto-, arylmethylsulfinyl-, piperazinyl-3-R-substituted]quinoxalines. (1997)

Thirty compounds possessing quinoxaline structure bearing either substituted arylmethylmercapto-, arylmethylsulfinyl group or a piperazinyl moiety in position 2 were prepared in order to evaluate an antiulcer and gastroprotective activity in rat pylorus ligature, in comparison with omeprazole and ranitidine at the dose of 100 mg/kg after oral administration. Among the compounds of the first group one third showed a moderate activity being about half potent as omeprazole whereas in the second group compound 5b exibited an activity superior to that of ranitidine accompanied with the lowest incidence of lesions and mortality and another compound (5i) was equiactive as ranitidine.
Department of Consumer Affairs (1991)

branch except in connection with the appropriation of funds approved by the
Phosphorylation releases constraints to domain motion in ERK2 (2014)

Protein motions control enzyme catalysis through mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Here NMR (13)C relaxation dispersion experiments were used to monitor changes in side-chain motions that occur in response to activation by phosphorylation of the MAP kinase ERK2. NMR data for the methyl side chains on Ile, Leu, and Val residues showed changes in conformational exchange dynamics in the microsecond-to-millisecond time regime between the different activity states of ERK2. In inactive, unphosphorylated ERK2, localized conformational exchange was observed among methyl side chains, with little evidence for coupling between residues. Upon dual phosphorylation by MAP kinase kinase 1, the dynamics of assigned methyls in ERK2 were altered throughout the conserved kinase core, including many residues in the catalytic pocket. The majority of residues in active ERK2 fit to a single conformational exchange process, with kex ≈ 300 s(-1) (kAB ≈ 240 s(-1)/kBA ≈ 60 s(-1)) and pA/pB ≈ 20%/80%, suggesting global domain motions involving interconversion between two states. A mutant of ERK2, engineered to enhance conformational mobility at the hinge region linking the N- and C-terminal domains, also induced two-state conformational exchange throughout the kinase core, with exchange properties of kex ≈ 500 s(-1) (kAB ≈ 15 s(-1)/kBA ≈ 485 s(-1)) and pA/pB ≈ 97%/3%. Thus, phosphorylation and activation of ERK2 lead to a dramatic shift in conformational exchange dynamics, likely through release of constraints at the hinge.
Neurophysiological regulation of the secretion of growth hormone. (1989)

The regulation of GH secretion involves the harmonious integration of factors acting at the hypothalamic and pituitary levels summating to produce the peripheral patterns of intermittent GH secretion observed in man and experimental animals under physiologic and experimental conditions. SRIH and GHRH act primarily at the pituitary to regulate the secretion of GH, while monaminergic, cholinergic and peptidergic neurotransmitters act centrally and/or at the pituitary level. In addition IGF-I, the anabolic effector of GH has inhibitory feedback effects at both the pituitary and hypothalamus. The control of GH secretion often differs between species and is dependent on the sex, nutritional state and physiologic condition being studied. In vivo and in vitro effects may differ as the complex, multilayered regulatory mechanisms of GH secretion in the intact subject override the direct effects of an individual controlling factor.
Oxidation of Sulfide and Thiosulfate and Storage of Sulfur Granules in Thiothrix from Activated Sludge (1985)

Thiothrix from activated sludge is, in the presence of oxygen, able to oxidize sulfide and thiosulfate and store many clear sulfur granules at sulfide concentrations less than about 1 mM and thiosulfate concentrations of 0.1-20 mM. On this basis, a sulfur storage test for the identification of Thiothrix in activated sludge was developed. It is shown that the filamentous bacteria, Type 021N (commonly causing bulking in sewage plants) , is able to store sulfur granules and thus is a Thiothrix. In enrichment cultures with thiosulfate typical Thiothrix rosettes and motile gonidia are developed, and the presence of a sheath is demonstrated. Filamental diameter varies between 0.8-2.4 µm, the youngest filaments being thinnest. Attempts to isolate Thiothrix have been unsuccesful, but Thiothrix filaments with only a few contaminants are able to grow on solid media with acetate as the only carbon and energy source, indicating the presence of heterotrophic strains. The filamentous organisms of 14 Danish sewage treatment plants are identified, Thiothrix being the most common in 8, and responsible for bulking in 4 plants.
Phosphorescent Metallacrown Ethers Enchained Through Coordination of Arsafluorene to Platinum(II) Dihalide (2021)

Abstract Metallacrown ethers have functionality due to the incorporated metals as well as a host cavity. In this work, a novel class of enchained‐type metallacrown ethers were developed by using acyclic bidentate arsine ligands and platinum(II) dihalides (PtX 2 , X=Cl, I). Two arsafluorenes were linked through oligo(ethylene oxide) chains with different lengths. The PtCl 2 complexes adopted cis ‐configurations, and showed weak emission even at 77 K. In contrast, the PtI 2 complexes adopted trans ‐configurations, and showed phosphorescence at 298 K. The emission properties were affected by the chain length of the oligo(ethylene oxide) moiety.
Conversor en longitud de onda utilizando un láser en anillo de fibra óptica altamente dopada con erbio (2017)

RESUMEN: En este trabajo se presenta un conversor de longitud de onda ultra-estrecho, de alta eficiencia y todo-fibra basado en el efecto de la competición de modos en un láser de fibra dopada con erbio. Se han llevado a cabo estudios experimentales con frecuencias que van desde varios kilohercios hasta las decenas de gigahercios y para más de una longitud de onda de emisión, demostrando así que este efecto puede ser utilizado para la conversión en longitud de onda de múltiples longitudes de emisión simultáneamente.
Model for MLL translocations in therapy-related leukemia involving topoisomerase IIβ-mediated DNA strand breaks and gene proximity (2012)

Topoisomerase poisons such as the epipodophyllotoxin etoposide are widely used effective cytotoxic anticancer agents. However, they are associated with the development of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemias (t-AMLs), which display characteristic balanced chromosome translocations, most often involving the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) locus at 11q23. MLL translocation breakpoints in t-AMLs cluster in a DNase I hypersensitive region, which possesses cryptic promoter activity, implicating transcription as well as topoisomerase II activity in the translocation mechanism. We find that 2-3% of MLL alleles undergoing transcription do so in close proximity to one of its recurrent translocation partner genes, AF9 or AF4, consistent with their sharing transcription factories. We show that most etoposide-induced chromosome breaks in the MLL locus and the overall genotoxicity of etoposide are dependent on topoisomerase IIβ, but that topoisomerase IIα and -β occupancy and etoposide-induced DNA cleavage data suggest factors other than local topoisomerase II concentration determine specific clustering of MLL translocation breakpoints in t-AML. We propose a model where DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) introduced by topoisomerase IIβ into pairs of genes undergoing transcription within a common transcription factory become stabilized by antitopoisomerase II drugs such as etoposide, providing the opportunity for illegitimate end joining and translocation.
Plasmonic and non‐plasmonic layered structures for cloaking applications at visible frequencies (2009)

Abstract In this letter, we present the theoretical analysis and the design principles of electromagnetic cloaking devices working at optical frequencies. The cloaking approach is based on the scattering cancellation principle. The robustness of the cloaking devices is also discussed, proposing a proper figure of merit and validating the design through a set of full‐wave numerical simulations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2713–2717, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24718
Role of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in Angiotensin II Regulation of Norepinephrine Neuromodulation in Brain Neurons of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (1999)

Chronic stimulation of norepinephrine (NE) neuromodulation by angiotensin II (Ang II) involves activation of the Ras-Raf-MAP kinase signal transduction pathway in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat brain neurons. This pathway is only partially responsible for this heightened action of Ang II in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) brain neurons. In this study, we demonstrate that the MAP kinase-independent signaling pathway in the SHR neuron involves activation of PI3-kinase and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt). Ang II stimulated PI3-kinase activity in both WKY and SHR brain neurons and was accompanied by its translocation from the cytoplasmic to the nuclear compartment. Although the magnitude of stimulation by Ang II was comparable, the stimulation was more persistent in the SHR neuron compared with the WKY rat neuron. Inhibition of PI3-kinase had no significant effect in the WKY rat neuron. However, it caused a 40-50% attenuation of the Ang II-induced increase in norepinephrine transporter (NET) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNAs and [3H]-NE uptake in the SHR neuron. In contrast, inhibition of MAP kinase completely attenuated Ang II stimulation of NET and TH mRNA levels in the WKY rat neuron, whereas it caused only a 45% decrease in the SHR neuron. However, an additive attenuation was observed when both kinases of the SHR neurons were inhibited. Ang II also stimulated PKB/Akt activity in both WKY and SHR neurons. This stimulation was 30% higher and lasted longer in the SHR neuron compared with the WKY rat neuron. In conclusion, these observations demonstrate an exclusive involvement of PI3-kinase-PKB-dependent signaling pathway in a heightened NE neuromodulatory action of Ang II in the SHR neuron. Thus, this study offers an excellent potential for the development of new therapies for the treatment of centrally mediated hypertension.
Coproduced Ground Water Treatment and Disposal Options During Hydrocarbon Recovery Operations (1989)

Abstract Reinjection of untreated ground water during hydrocarbon recovery operations provides for economical water handling and can accelerate the recovery of the free hydrocarbons. However, considering current regulatory trends, water containing dissolved hydrocarbon constituents would require treatment prior to reinjection into the aquifer. The disposal of coproduced ground water is dependent on several factors, including the volume of water, level of treatment required, and availability of disposal options. Disposal options include reinjection, discharge to surface water, and beneficial use. This paper presents treatment and disposal options for coproduced water during hydrocarbon recovery operations including cost comparisons for a particular case study. Treatment technologies for oil/water separation, inorganics and heavy metals removal, and dissolved hydrocarbon removal are presented. The primary technologies discussed for dissolved hydrocarbon removal include air stripping, activated carbon adsorption, biological treatment, and combinations of these technologies. Consideration of the use of existing refinery waste water treatment facilities for ground water treatment should be encouraged where applicable. However, separate treatment facilities are usually required because the use of existing on‐site treatment facilities is usually not feasible because of the volume of water produced during large recovery projects and the effectiveness of existing treatment facilities. A specific case example is presented with costs for applying different technologies including the use of existing on‐site facilities. Treatment costs ranged between 44 cents to $2.82 per thousand gallons (11 cents to 75 cents per thousand liters) of water treated for the specific technologies examined herein.
Platelet Damage Accumulation and Recovery due to Hemodynamic Shear Stresses: An In Vitro Study (2008)

It is well established that shear stress exposure activates platelets, and it has been shown that this flow-induced activation contributes significantly to thromboembolic complications in mechanical heart valves (MHVs) [1]. In addition, the platelet activation state (PAS) assay has been demonstrated to be an efficient technique to measure procoagulant activity [2]. However, there is a lack of reliable models to predict platelet damage accumulation. Such a tool allows thrombogenicity optimization of implanted prosthetic devices. Prior to developing this tool, certain aspects of platelet behavior in response to shear stress must be elucidated. Of special importance for developing accountable damage accumulation models is the recovery potential of platelets during repeated passages through devices, when not exposed to the elevated stresses characterizing blood flow in these devices. To accomplish this, PAS measurements were conducted in a Hemodynamic Shearing Device (HSD), where platelets were exposed to prescribed waveforms with alternating periods of high and low shear stresses.
Das System und sein Zustand (2022)

No AccessAngewandte technische ThermodynamikMar 2022Das System und sein ZustandSven LinowSven Linowhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446473553.002SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2022Pages: 15-49Print ISBN: 978-3-446-47034-7eISBN: 978-3-446-47355-3 Copyright & Permissions© 2022 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Transforming Growth Factor-β Drives the Transendothelial Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells (2017)

The entry of malignant hepatocytes into blood vessels is a key step in the dissemination and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The identification of molecular mechanisms involved in the transmigration of malignant hepatocytes through the endothelial barrier is of high relevance for therapeutic intervention and metastasis prevention. In this study, we employed a model of hepatocellular transmigration that mimics vascular invasion using hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells and malignant hepatocytes evincing a mesenchymal-like, invasive phenotype by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Labelling of respective cell populations with various stable isotopes and subsequent mass spectrometry analyses allowed the "real-time" detection of molecular changes in both transmigrating hepatocytes and endothelial cells. Interestingly, the proteome profiling revealed 36 and 559 regulated proteins in hepatocytes and endothelial cells, respectively, indicating significant changes during active transmigration that mostly depends on cell-cell interaction rather than on TGF-β alone. Importantly, matching these in vitro findings with HCC patient data revealed a panel of common molecular alterations including peroxiredoxin-3, epoxide hydrolase, transgelin-2 and collectin 12 that are clinically relevant for the patient's survival. We conclude that hepatocellular plasticity induced by TGF-β is crucially involved in blood vessel invasion of HCC cells.