gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vehicle Positioning for Cooperative Systems – The SAFESPOT Approach (2009)

Accurate and reliable vehicle positioning is a crucial enabling technology for cooperative transportation systems – especially for safety-related applications. However, technologies which comply with the necessary requirements are not yet available. Thus, a new architecture for this problem has been developed in the European integrated project SAFESPOT. The main components of this development will be presented in this paper, including landmark-based positioning using cameras or laser scanners, infrastructure-based UWB-positioning, and communication based relative positioning. Furthermore, the integration of these technologies as well as evaluation results will be presented and discussed.
Intelligent Iterative Image Reconstruction With Automatic Noise Artifact Suppression (2005)

A new method for stabilizing iterative image reconstruction techniques has been developed for improving image quality of positron emission tomography. In this method, a damping manix is introduced, which suppresses noisy correction on a pixel-by-pixel basis, depending on the statistical precision of the iterative correction. The precision is evaluated by comparing a certain number of correction submatrices each of which is formed from a subset of the projection data. Simulation studies show that statistical noise is effectively suppressed, while the image of the some object is reconstructed with high resolution, as long as the signal level is higher than the noise level.
DIFFERENT APPLICATION AREAS OF OBJECT DETECTION WITH DEEP LEARNING (2021)

Automation is spread in all daily life and business activities to facilitate human life and working conditions. Robots, automated cars, unmanned vehicles, robot arms, automated factories etc. are getting place in our lives. For these automated actors, one important task is recognizing objects and obstacles in the target environment. Object detection, determining the objects and their location in the environment, is one of the most important solution for this task. With deep learning techniques like Convolutional Neural Network and GPU processing, object detection has become more accurate and faster, and getting attention of researchers. In recent years, many articles about object detection algorithms and usage of object detection have been published. There are surveys about the object detection algorithms, but they have introduced algorithms and focused on common application areas. With this survey, we aim to show that object detection algorithms have very large and different application area. In this study, we have given a brief introduction to deep learning. We have then focused on standard object detection algorithms based on deep learning and their applications in different research areas in recent years to give an idea for future works. Also, the datasets and evaluation metrics used in the research are listed.
Utilizing an Analytical Approximation for c44E to Enhance the Inverse Method for Material Parameter Identification of Piezoceramics (2011)

There has been a lot of progress in finding measurable quantities of high in- formation content for the inverse determination of piezoelectric material properties. Since some material parameters (mainly \textgreek{e}S 11, e15and cE 44) do not or only marginally influence the electrical impedance over frequency, it is not sufficient to look only at the electri- cal impedance of discoidal piezoceramics [1]. Moreover, the parameter sensitivities vary with respect to the diameter--thickness ratio of the disc and the design of an ultrasonic transducer's piezoceramic has to match other requirements than those of a good material characterization [2, 3]. That is why it is still desirable to find model based approaches for parameter identification that either keep the technical effort low (e.g., only an impedance measurement) or increase speed of the inversion procedure. In this contribution we answer the question if an additional analytical approximation of cE 44, strictly following the ideas of Theocaris [4], in conjunction with a single measured elec- trical impedance will be sufficient for an accurate simulation of both, electrical impedance and surface normal velocity of a piezoceramic disc. Thereby, the remaining parameters are identified by means of the Inverse Method. Furthermore, we use the parameter ap- proximation as an initial guess and limiting boundary to speed up the inverse algorithm if both, electrical impedance and surface normal velocity are taken into account within the optimization procedure.
Session 10: Biofilms Implant related infections (2019)

A symbiotic microbial community of commensals exists during oral health. Pathogenic bacteria are able to induce dysregulation of hostmicrobiota homeostasis and a dysbiotic biofilm formation can cause peri-implantitis, a chronic infection. Little is known about the role of commensal and pathogenic bacteria in the regulation of the balance between host tolerance and inflammation. Previous studies have indicated that commensal bacteria are related to disease prevention, but details about the modulatory effects are still missing. Moreover, knowledge about the influence of implant material on host-microbe interaction is limited. Thus, our aim was to investigate the effects of a commensal monospecies Streptoccocus oralis biofilm and a commensal four-species biofilm (S. oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella dispar, Porphyromonas gingivalis) in our novel implant-mucosa model. The three dimensional in vitro model combines the three components oral mucosa, implant material and oral biofilm. After S. oralis challenge, a morphological difference at the implant area was observed in comparison to the farther or unchallenged mucosa. In addition, culture with S. oralis biofilm led to an altered cytokine/chemokine secretion. This indicates a hyporesponsiveness of the tissue which can protect it from inflammatory destruction. However, in the in vivo situation a multispecies biofilm is present. Therefore, we integrated a commensal four-species biofilm in our model to reduce the gap to the in vivo situation. The four-species biofilm challenged mucosa showed no morphological difference to the unchallenged mucosa. This illustrates that the effects of commensal mono-or multispecies biofilms are different and the interaction of bacteria species can be important regarding tissue response. The novel 3D implant-mucosa model opens the opportunity for various in vitro studies of host-microbe interactions for implant improvement.
Effect of Erufosine on the Reorganization of Cytoskeleton and Cell Death in Adherent Tumor and Non-Tumorigenic Cells (2013)

Cell adhesion plays a key role in tumor progression and its control could diminish the tumor metastases.The action of erufosine on cell survival, reorganization of cytoskeleton, and apoptosis was analyzed in breast cancer and mammary epithelial cells.Breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 as well as the non-tumorigenic line MCF-10A were treated with erufosine (5 mol/L to 15 mol/L).MTS test, FACS analysis, actin, tubulin and DAPI staining were performed.For MDA-MB-231 erufosine provoked apoptosis and actin reorganization, while MCF-7 and MCF-10A were less sensitive to the action of erufosine.The organization of microtubules was not affected by erufosine treatment.The cytotoxic action of erufosine on the investigated cells was cell-specific.The highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cell line was found to be most sensitive, since 15 mol/L erufosine caused actin cytoskeleton reorganization and apoptosis.
Forecasting rare disease outbreaks from open source indicators (2017)

Background Rapidly increasing volumes of news feeds from diverse data sources, such as online newspapers, Twitter, and online blogs, are proving to be extremely valuable resources in helping to anticipate, detect, and forecast outbreaks of rare diseases. The goal of this paper is to develop techniques that can effectively forecast the emergence and progression of rare infectious diseases by combining data from disparate data sources. Methods We introduce SourceSeer, a novel algorithmic framework that combines spatiotemporal topic models with source‐based anomaly detection techniques. SourceSeer is capable of discovering the location focus of each source, allowing sources to be used as experts with varying degrees of authoritativeness. To fuse the individual source predictions into a final outbreak prediction, we employ a multiplicative weights algorithm taking into account the accuracy of each source. Results We evaluate the performance of SourceSeer using incidence data for hantavirus syndromes in multiple countries of Latin America provided by HealthMap over a time span of 15 months. We demonstrate that SourceSeer makes predictions of increased accuracy compared to several baselines and can forecast disease outbreaks in a timely manner even when no outbreaks were previously reported.
High brightness polychromatic visible generation in photonic crystal fibers with picosecond Yb pumping (2005)

Pumping of highly-nonlinear microstructured fibers with zero-dispersion around the pump wavelength with kW peak-power picosecond Yb-fiber laser allowed polychromatic picosecond operation down to 525 nm. Methods of extension of operation further to the blue are proposed.
Selective Catalytic Transesterification, Transthiolesterification, and Protection of Carbonyl Compounds over Natural Kaolinitic Clay (1998)

Transesterification and transthiolesterification of β-keto esters with variety of alcohols and thiols and selective protection of carbonyl functions with various protecting groups catalyzed by natural kaolinitic clay are described. The clay has been found to be an efficient catalyst in transesterifying long chain alcohols, unsaturated alcohols, and phenols to give their corresponding β-keto esters in high yields. For the first time, transthiolesterification of β-keto esters with a variety of thiols has been achieved under catalytic conditions. Clay also catalyzes selective transesterification of β-keto esters by primary alcohols in the presence of secondary and tertiary alcohols giving corresponding β-keto esters. A systematic study involving the reactivity of different nucleophiles (alcohols, amines, and thiols) toward β-keto esters is also described. Sterically hindered carbonyl groups as well as α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups underwent protection without the deconjugation of the double bond. Chemoselective protection of aldehydes in the presence of ketones has also been achieved over natural kaolinitic clay.
A novel splice variant of folate receptor 4 predominantly expressed in regulatory T cells (2012)

Our results suggested that high levels of FR4D3 may be critical to support the substantial proliferative capacity of Treg cells.
Thin Film Synthesis of Semiconductors in the Mg–Sb–N Materials System (2019)

Nitrides feature many interesting properties, such as a wide range of bandgaps suitable for optoelectronic devices including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and piezoelectric response used in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Nitrides are also significantly underexplored compared to oxides and other chemistries, with many being thermochemically metastable, sparking interest from a basic science point of view. This paper reports on experimental and computational exploration of the Mg–Sb–N material system, featuring both metastable materials and semiconducting properties. Using sputter deposition, we discovered a new Mg2SbN3 nitride with a wurtzite-derived crystal structure and synthesized the antimonide-nitride Mg3SbN with an antiperovskite crystal structure for the first time in thin film form. Theoretical calculations indicate that Mg2SbN3 is metastable and has properties relevant to LEDs and MEMS, whereas Mg3SbN has a large dielectric constant (28ε0) and low hole effective masses (0.9m0), of interest for photovoltaic solar cell absorbers. The experimental solar-matched 1.3 eV optical absorption onset of the Mg3SbN antiperovskite agrees with the theoretical prediction (1.3 eV direct, 1.1 eV indirect), and with the measurements of room-temperature near-bandgap photoluminescence. These results make an important contribution toward understanding semiconductor properties and chemical trends in the Mg–Sb–N materials system, paving the way to future practical applications of these novel materials.
Preparation of Fluorescent Magnetic Nanodiamonds and Cellular Imaging (2008)

Magnetic nanodiamonds were prepared via solid-state microwave arcing of a nanodiamond-ferrocene mixed powder in a focused microwave oven. High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images show that a magnetic nanodiamond is composed of iron nanoparticles encapsulated by graphene layers on the surface of nanodiamonds. Fluorescence property was introduced onto magnetic nanodiamonds by chemical modification of magnetic nanodiamonds via surface grafting of poly(acrylic acids) and fluorescein o-methacrylate. Fluorescent magnetic nanodiamonds are water soluble with a solubility of approximately 2.1 g/L. Cellular-imaging experiments show that fluorescent magnetic nanodiamonds could be ingested by HeLa cells readily in the absence of agonist (i.e., folate) moieties on the surface of nanodiamonds.
The MMSET histone methyl transferase switches global histone methylation and alters gene expression in t(4;14) multiple myeloma cells (2010)

The multiple myeloma SET domain (MMSET) protein is overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) patients with the translocation t(4;14). Although studies have shown the involvement of MMSET/Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 in development, its mode of action in the pathogenesis of MM is largely unknown. We found that MMSET is a major regulator of chromatin structure and transcription in t(4;14) MM cells. High levels of MMSET correlate with an increase in lysine 36 methylation of histone H3 and a decrease in lysine 27 methylation across the genome, leading to a more open structural state of the chromatin. Loss of MMSET expression alters adhesion properties, suppresses growth, and induces apoptosis in MM cells. Consequently, genes affected by high levels of MMSET are implicated in the p53 pathway, cell cycle regulation, and integrin signaling. Regulation of many of these genes required functional histone methyl-transferase activity of MMSET. These results implicate MMSET as a major epigenetic regulator in t(4;14)+ MM.
Electrochemical Behavior and Some Thermodynamic Properties of UCl[sub 4] and UCl[sub 3] Dissolved in a LiCl-KCl Eutectic Melt (2005)

The electrochemical behavior of and in LiCl-KCl eutectic melt was studied at 723-823 K by different electrochemical methods. Electroreduction of U(IV) in LiCl-KCl melt occurs via two successive steps involving transfer of one and three electrons. The diffusion coefficients of U(IV) and U(III) were determined by linear sweep voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and chronoamperometry. The values found by these methods are in a good agreement with each other. The standard rate constants for the redox reaction were calculated from cyclic voltammetry data and for the discharge process by using the impedance spectroscopy method. The values of constants testify that the redox process proceeds quasi-reversibly, mostly under diffusion control, while electrodeposition is mainly controlled by the rate of charge transfer. The formal standard potentials of , , and were determined by different electrochemical methods and some thermodynamic properties of and dissolved in a LiCl-KCl eutectic melt were calculated. The influence of oxide ions on the electrochemical behavior of the melt was studied.
Design and simulation of a MEMS capacitive bending strain sensor using dielectric materials for spinal fusion monitoring (2011)

The design and simulation of an MEMS-based capacitive bending strain sensor using silicone dope as a plate is presented in this paper. The objective is to design and simulate the performance of a strain sensor using a dielectric material between capacitive plates. The silicone dioxide (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was utilized as the dielectric layer in this model. Several dimensions of the sensor and the dielectric materials were studied as silicon dioxide was also used to increase the performance of the sensor. The application of the sensor is for the spinal fusion monitoring system. The finite element analysis (FEA) was performed using MEMS CoventorWare 2008, and the results were verified using the analytical method. Based on simulation results, the presences of the dielectric material has increased the capacitance output of the sensors and produced greater sensitivity. The sensitivity of the sensor is 24.9-44.48% higher compared with existing sensors. The nominal capacitance of the sensor also improved significantly from 94.16pF to 156.14pF. The sensor also exhibits greater sensitivity at the early stage of the bending strain; the sensitivity of the sensor is up to 0.525pF/με.
華人地區之迎合理論、市場錯價、 盈餘管理對投資決策與公司價值的影響 (2014)

Capital investments play essential and material role in firms’ business operations and investment decisions of firm managers would convey information of future prospects to public investors, thereby influencing the price performance. Behavior finance provides the catering theory to explain how rational managers change their decisions of capital spending when they perceive the mispricing of public investors. The aim of firm managers should be maximize the shareholders’ wealth and firm value, but manager who are myopia and behave catering may over-invest or under-invest to affect price stock. Variability of earnings and cash flows might deem as key indicators of risk, thereby altering their valuations. Thus, managers may attempt to smooth firms’ earnings and cash flows. This study aims to broadly investigate the influence of catering, mispricing, and cash flow volatility on decisions of capital investment, stock returns, and firm value.
	This study presents empirical evidence that due to the increase of mispricing, the manager may cater to the investor by raising capital investment. Capital investment involved in the catering decision has different effects in Taiwan, Hong Kong and China. 
	The study also shows empirical evidence that volatility of cash flows and earnings are negatively valued by investors and the negative impact might be worsened for firms with low level of debt ratio in Taiwan. But volatility of cash flows and earnings is positively valued by investors in Hong Kong and China and the positive impact might be significantly stronger for firms with small size, high debt ratios or low level of cash flows in China.
Gaussian channels with minimum amplitude constraints: When is optimal input binary? (2017)

In this paper, we consider a scalar Gaussian Channel with minimum amplitude constraint, and investigate when the capacity-achieving input is binary. First, we study the case that the input satisfies both minimum and peak amplitude constraints and find that the optimal input is discrete. Then, for a given minimum amplitude, we find sufficient conditions that the peak amplitude constraint must satisfy such that the optimal input is binary and when it is not binary. Similarly, for a given peak amplitude, we find sufficient conditions that the minimum amplitude constraint must satisfy such that the optimal input is binary and when it is not binary. Finally, we find that when the input satisfies minimum amplitude and average power constraints, the optimal input is not binary, regardless of whether there is also a peak amplitude constraint.
Statistical Characteristics of Daily Precipitation: Comparisons of Gridded and Point Datasets (2008)

Abstract Gridding of daily precipitation data alleviates many of the limitations of data that are derived from point observations, such as problems associated with missing data and the lack of spatial coverage. As a result, gridded precipitation data can be valuable for applied climatological research and monitoring, but they too have limitations. To understand the limitations of gridded data more fully (especially when they are used as surrogates for station data), annual precipitation total, rain-day frequency, and annual maxima are calculated and compared for five Midwestern grid points from the Climate Prediction Center’s Unified Rain Gauge Dataset (URD) and those of its nearest (rain gauge) station. To further examine differences between the two datasets, return periods of daily precipitation were calculated over a region encompassing Illinois and Indiana. These analyses reveal that the gridding process used to create the URD produced nearly the same annual totals as the rain gauge data; however, the gridding significantly increased the frequency of low-precipitation events while greatly reducing the frequency of heavy-precipitation events. Extreme precipitation values also were greatly reduced in the gridded precipitation data. While smoothing nearly always occurs when data are gridded, the gridding of discrete variables such as daily precipitation can produce datasets with statistical characteristics that are very different from those of the original observations.
134km OAM state propagation by recirculating fiber loop (2016)

Enabled by an enhanced effective index separation (Δneff = 1.7 × 10<sup>-4</sup>) and low transmission loss (0.8dB/km), OAM states are propagated over 13.4km in an air core fiber using a recirculating fiber loop. We observe that intermodal crosstalk decreases rapidly with increasing effective index separation, Δneff, and an order of magnitude lower crosstalk may be achieved just by doubling Δneff. We find that, in agreement with coupled power theory, our fiber has mode coupling properties analogous to elliptical core PM fibers, which yield ~10 × or more lower crosstalk than for conventional LP fiber mode orders with the same Δneff. This confirms that, for OAM modes, birefringent perturbations rather than shape perturbations matter most. In the process of performing the loop experiment, we demonstrate that OAM states in these fibers can be preserved with low loss (≤ 0.2dB) and low crosstalk (-15dB) while splicing distinct segments of the air-core fiber. For well-designed fibers, we demonstrate that OAM modes can travel distances relevant for large-scale data centers.
Multi-Band GaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) Focal Plane Arrays (2002)

The GaAs/AlGaAs based Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIPs) afford greater flexibility than the usual extrinsically doped semiconductor IR detectors because the wavelength of the peak response and cutoff can be continuously tailored over any wavelength between 6-20 micrometers. The spectral band width of these detectors can be tuned from narrow (DELTAlamba/lamba ^ 10 %) to wide (DELTAlamba/lamba ^ 50 %) allowing various applications. Also, QWIP offers multi-color infrared cameras which is capable of simultaneously acquiring images in different infrared bands. Each pixel of such array consists of vertically stacked, independently readable, QWIP detectors sensitive in different narrow infrared bands. In this article, we discuss the development and results of the 640x512 dual-band and four-band QWIP FPAs.