gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal allocation of resources in distributed information networks (1976)

The problems of file allocation and capacity assignment in a fixed topology distributed computer network are examined. These two aspects of the design are tightly coupled by means of an average message delay constraint. The objective is to allocate copies of information files to network nodes and capacities to network links so that a minimum cost is achieved subject to network delay and file availability constraints. A model for solving the problem is formulated and the resulting optimization problem is shown to fall into a class of nonlinear integer programming problems. Deterministic techniques for solving this class of problems are computationally cumbersome, even for small size problems. A new heuristic algorithm is developed, which is based on a decomposition technique that greatly reduces the computational complexity of the problem. Numerical results for a variety of network configurations indicate that the heuristic algorithm, while not theoretically convergent, yields practicable low cost solutions with substantial savings in computer processing time and storage requirements. Moreover, it is shown that this algorithm is capable of solving realistic network problems whose solutions using deterministic techniques are computationally intractable.
Common hyperpigmentation disorders in adults: Part II. Melanoma, seborrheic keratoses, acanthosis nigricans, melasma, diabetic dermopathy, tinea versicolor, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. (2003)

Nevi, or moles, are localized nevocytic tumors. The American Cancer Society's "ABCD" rules are useful for differentiating a benign nevus from malignant melanoma. While acanthosis nigricans may signal an underlying malignancy (e.g., gastrointestinal tumor), it more often is associated with insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome) or obesity. Melasma is a facial hyperpigmentation resulting from the stimulation of melanocytes by endogenous or exogenous estrogen. Treatments for melasma include bleaching agents, laser therapy, and a new medication that combines hydroquinone, tretinoin, and fluocinolone acetonide. Lesions that develop on the shins of patients with diabetic dermopathy often resolve spontaneously; no treatment is effective or recommended. Tinea versicolor responds to treatment with selenium sulfide shampoo and topical or oral antifungal agents. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation can occur in persons of any age after trauma, skin irritation, or dermatoses.
FM-UWB for radar and communications in medical applications (2008)

UWB technology is an attractive technology for Wireless Body Area Networks. There are many advantages of using ultra-wideband (UWB) as both a sensing and a communication standard for biomedical applications: very low radiated power (-41.3 dBm/MHz), low power consumption, good coexistence with other existing wireless technologies, robustness to interference and multipath. Moreover, one specific UWB technology, namely Frequency Modulated (FM)-UWB, has also an important advantage, which make it even more convenient for biomedical applications, such as lower power consumption than IR-UWB. The main issue that is addressed in this paper is the integration of sensing and communication devices using FM-UWB so that a single device can be obtained for two different operational modes. A preliminary feasibility study shows that an integrated sensing and communication device based on FM-UWB can meet the requirements, both for the sensing and the communication points of view, of typical biomedical applications such as non-invasive heart rate monitoring.
LAGRANGIAN DYNAMICS OF CABLE-DRIVEN PARALLEL MANIPULATORS: A VARIABLE MASS FORMULATION (2011)

In this paper, dynamic analysis of cable-driven parallel manipulators (CDPMs) is performed using the Lagrangian variable mass formulation. This formulation is used to treat the effect of a mass stream entering into the system caused by elongation of the cables. In this way, a complete dynamic model of the system is derived, while preserving the compact and tractable closed-form dynamics formulation. First, a general formulation for a CDPM is given, and the effect of change of mass in the cables is integrated into its dynamics. The significance of such a treatment is that a complete analysis of the dynamics of the system is achieved, including vibrations, stability, and any robust control synthesis of the manipulator. The formulation obtained is applied to a typical planar CDPM. Through numerical simulations, the validity and integrity of the formulations are verified, and the significance of the variable mass treatment in the analysis is examined. For this example, it is shown that the effect of introducing a mass stream into the system is not negligible. Moreover, it is non linear and strongly dependent on the geometric and inertial parameters of the robot, as well as the maneuvering trajectory.
Performances of low-level audio classifiers for large-scale music similarity (2014)

Abstract—This paper proposes a survey of the performances of binary classifiers based on low-level audio features, for music similarity in large-scale databases. Various low-level descriptors are used individually and then combined using several fusion schemes in a content-based audio retrieval system. We show the performances of the classifiers in terms of pruning and loss and we demonstrate that some combination schemes achieve a better performance at a minimum computational cost. I.
Front Cover Picture: NAD(P)H‐Dependent Dehydrogenases for the Asymmetric Reductive Amination of Ketones: Structure, Mechanism, Evolution and Application (Adv. Synth. Catal. 12/2017) (2017)

The front cover picture, provided by Mahima Sharma and Juan Mangas-Sanchez, illustrates the enzymes (AADHs, AmDHs, OpDHs and IREDs) that have been applied to date in reductive amination reactions, shown on a tree that may also bear other fruit in the form of further reductive aminase enzymes (RedAms) that are yet to be discovered or obtained through in vitro evolution. Details can be found in the review on pages 2011–2025 (M. Sharma, J. Mangas-Sanchez, N. J. Turner, G. Grogan, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2017, 359, 2011–2025; DOI 10.1002/adsc.201700356).
New parameters for identifying subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: a pilot study. (2014)

Higher ADMA levels suggest the presence of endothelial dysfunction and sub-clinical atherosclerosis in pSS patients, even in the case of a normal CFR. This finding is supported by the PWV values, which were higher in the pSS patients. ADMA levels and PWV values may be useful markers for identifying early endothelial dysfunction in pSS patients.
Isoelectric focusing of human anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies: identical spectrotypes of anti-fragment A antibodies with the same IgG subclass and light chain constant regions are expressed in multiple individuals. (1983)

The serum antibodies from humans booster-immunized with diphtheria toxoid were analyzed by isoelectric focusing. To restrict the antibody response, we visualized those antibodies that reacted to the Fragment A moiety of diphtheria toxin. Of the 100 normal human donors examined, 20 were estimated to be nonresponders to Fragment A. Sixty-three of the 80 donors who responded to Fragment A had restricted IgG-anti-Fragment A spectrotypes that consisted of three to eight distinct bands. Six series of repeat or shared spectrotypes were delineated among our donor population with repeat frequencies ranging from 0.025 to 0.312. We determined that the repeat spectrotypes were IgG1-kappa anti-Fragment A antibodies. Three percent of our donors had complex IgG-anti Fragment A spectrotypes consisting of greater than 10 bands. In some instances, the complex spectrotypes were composed of simple spectrotypes found among other donors. The complex IgG-anti Fragment A spectrotypes of these donors consisted of both IgG1 and IgG4-anti-Fragment A antibodies. From a statistical analysis, we calculate that only a limited number of IgG-anti-Fragment A spectrotypes are expressed in vivo after booster immunization. Our analysis suggests two groups of IgG-anti-Fragment A spectrotypes exist in our donor population. One IgG-anti-Fragment A spectrotype group is expressed randomly, and a second group is preferentially expressed among individuals in our donor population.
Comparison of the Clinical Value of miRNAs and Conventional Biomarkers in AMI: A Systematic Review (2021)

<b>Background/Aims:</b> This study aimed to compare the clinical value of the peak time point and area under the curve (AUC) of miRNAs and conventional biomarkers in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). <b>Methods:</b> A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane systematically. Screening studies, extracting data, and assessing article quality were performed independently by two researchers. Also, the names of miRNAs in the included studies were standardized by the miRBase database. <b>Results:</b> A total of 40 studies, encompassing 6,960 participants, were included in this systematic review. The samples of circulating miRNAs were mainly from the plasma. The results of this systematic review displayed that miR-1-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-22-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-133a/b, miR-134-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-186-5p, miR-208a, miR-223-3p, miR-483-5p, and miR-499a-5p reached peak time earlier and showed a shorter time window than the conventional biomarkers despite the different collection times of initial blood samples. miR-1-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-133a/b, miR-208a/b, miR-223-3p, miR-483-5p, and miR-499a-5p were shown to be more valuable than classical biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AMI, and these miRNAs appeared to have the most potential biomarkers within 4 h of the onset of symptoms except miR-133a/b and miR-208b. Moreover, combined miRNAs or miRNAs combined with classical biomarkers could compensate for the deficiency of single miRNA and conventional biomarker in sensitivity or specificity for an optimal clinical value. <b>Conclusions:</b> miR-1-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-208a, miR-223-3p, miR-483-5p, and miR-499a-5p are promising biomarkers for AMI due to their satisfactory diagnostic accuracy and short time window (within 4 h of the onset of symptoms).
Design and Experimental Verification of a Novel Error-Backpropagation-Based Background Calibration for Time Interleaved ADC in Digital Communication Receivers (2022)

A novel background calibration technique for Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters (TI-ADCs) is presented in this paper. This technique is applicable to equalized digital communication receivers. As shown by Tsai et al. [1] and Luna et al. [2], in a digital receiver it is possible to treat the TI-ADC errors as part of the communication channel and take advantage of the adaptive equalizer to compensate them. Therefore calibration becomes an integral part of the channel equalization. No special purpose analog or digital calibration blocks or algorithms are required. However, there is a large class of receivers where the equalization technique cannot be directly applied because other signal processing blocks are located between the TI-ADC and the equalizer. The technique presented here generalizes earlier works to this class of receivers. The error backpropagation algorithm, traditionally used in machine learning, is applied to the error computed at the receiver slicer and used to adapt an auxiliary equalizer adjacent to the TI-ADC, called the Compensation Equalizer (CE). Simulations using a dual polarization optical coherent receiver model demonstrate accurate and robust mismatch compensation across different application scenarios. Several Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) schemes are tested in simulations and experimentally. Measurements on an emulation platform which includes an 8 bit, 4 GS/s TI-ADC prototype chip fabricated in 130nm CMOS technology, show an almost ideal mitigation of the impact of the mismatches on the receiver performance when 64-QAM and 256-QAM schemes are tested. An absolute improvement in the TI-ADC performance of $\sim$15 dB in both SNDR and SFDR is measured.
The emerging role of CD40 ligand in HIV infection (2000)

CD40 ligand (also called CD40L, CD154, or TNFSF5) is a membrane protein expressed mainly by activated CD4+ T cells, which interacts with its receptor, CD40, on a variety of cells. The crucial importance of the CD40L-CD40 system for many immune responses has been extensively described. This review focuses on the multiple roles that this system may play in HIV infection. In early HIV infection, CD40L expression contributes to the immunological control of viral replication by inducing HIV-suppressive chemokines and supporting the production of anti-HIV antibodies and cytotoxic T cells. However, by activating antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, CD40L can also lead to increased CD4+ T cell activation, which promotes the replication of HIV in these lymphocytes. Later, with the development of AIDS, CD40L-expressing CD4+ T cells become selectively depleted, perhaps as a result of a gp120-induced signal through CD4 that down-regulates CD40L expression. This acquired CD40L deficiency may explain the similarity between the types of opportunistic infections that occur in AIDS and in congenital CD40L deficiency. Vaccines or other strategies that promote the growth of CD4+ T cells capable of expressing CD40L may help to sustain host immunity against HIV and prevent AIDS-defining opportunistic infections.
Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies an Exosomal microRNA Signature for Predicting Recurrence Following Surgery in Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2021)

We identified a novel, noninvasive exo-miRNA signature that robustly predicts recurrence following surgery in patients with PDAC; highlighting its potential clinical impact for optimized patient selection and improved individualized treatment strategies.
Tool For Friction Stir Tack Welding of Aluminum Alloys (2003)

A small friction-stir-welding tool has been developed for use in tack welding of aluminum-alloy workpieces. It is necessary to tack-weld the workpieces in order to hold them together during friction stir welding because (1) in operation, a full-size friction-stir-welding tool exerts a large force that tends to separate the workpieces and (2) clamping the workpieces is not sufficient to resist this force. It is possible to tack the pieces together by gas tungsten arc welding, but the process can be awkward and time-consuming and can cause sufficient damage to necessitate rework. Friction stir tack welding does not entail these disadvantages. In addition, friction stir tack welding can be accomplished by use of the same automated equipment (except for the welding tool) used in subsequent full friction stir welding. The tool for friction stir tack welding resembles the tool for full friction stir welding, but has a narrower shoulder and a shorter pin. The shorter pin generates a smaller workpiece-separating force so that clamping suffices to keep the workpieces together. This tool produces a continuous or intermittent partial-penetration tack weld. The tack weld is subsequently consumed by action of the larger tool used in full friction stir welding tool.
Water Governance in a Comparative Perspective: From IWRM to a 'Nexus' Approach? (2015)

Nexus thinking, in the form of integrating water security with agriculture, energy and climate concerns, is normatively argued to help better transition societies towards greener economies and the wider goal of sustainable development. Yet several issues emerge from the current debate surrounding this concept, namely the extent to which such conceptualisations are genuinely novel, whether they complement (or are replacing) existing environmental governance approaches and how – if deemed normatively desirable – the nexus can be enhanced in national contexts. This paper therefore reviews the burgeoning nexus literature to determine some common indicative criteria before examining its implementation in practice vis-à-vis more established integrated water resources management (IWRM) models. Evidence from two divergent national contexts, the UK and Bangladesh, suggests that the nexus has not usurped IWRM, while integration between water, energy, climate and agricultural policy objectives is generally limited. Scope for greater merging of nexus thinking within IWRM is then discussed.
The role of phospholipase D in Glut‐4 translocation (2003)

Insulin-stimulated Glut-4 translocation is regulated through a complex pathway. Increasing attention is being paid to the role undertaken in this process by Phospholipase D, a signal transduction-activated enzyme that generates the lipid second-messenger phosphatidic acid. Phospholipase D facilitates Glut-4 translocation at potentially multiple steps in its outward movement. Current investigation is centered on Phospholipase D promotion of Glut-4-containing membrane vesicle trafficking and vesicle fusion into the plasma membrane, in part through activation of atypical protein kinase C isoforms.
Modes and Cutoff Frequencies of Crossed Rectangular Waveguides (1977)

One complete solution is presented for determining the electromagnetic field of a generalized crossed rectangular waveguide. The method adopted is that of partial regions. Cutoff frequencies of symmetrical crossed waveguides are presented as an example. The results, even for low-order approximations, correspond well with the only experimental results available in the literature.
Supplementary Fig 1 from Weekly <i>nab</i>-Rapamycin in Patients with Advanced Nonhematologic Malignancies: Final Results of a Phase I Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Mesothelioma patient molecular profile from biopsy: A) Immunohistochemical staining of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN); B) Single-nucleotide polymorphism on PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2)&lt;/p&gt;
DAMAGE OF RETRIEVED HIGHLY CROSS-LINKED LINERS INCREASES WITH TIME IN VIVO (2011)

Introduction Highly cross-linked ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is currently the most commonly used bearing surface in total hip replacement, comprising 75% of all acetabular liners implanted in the U.S. in 2008 [1]. Cross-linked UHMWPE, when compared to conventional UHMWPE, is more resistant to wear clinically [2] and in hip simulator testing [3,4]. However, this wear resistance is accompanied by a decrease in mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation to failure [5]. Reports of cross-linked liner fracture in retrieved components has increased concern about these reduced mechanical properties [6,7]. A previous study in our laboratory examined retrieved cross-linked and conventional acetabular liners from a single manufacturer and design for evidence and type of wear damage. We found that damage was similar between the two materials, although the cross-linked liners showed more frequent evidence of cracking and fatigue damage. Another common finding in the crosslinked group was a complex damage pattern termed “furrowing”, which was seen in 38% of the cross-linked liners, but in none of the conventional liners [8]. To further examine the performance of cross-linked liners, we examined the damage on a large cohort of retrieved cross-linked liners of a single design. In specific, we sought to confirm the similarity in damage to conventional liners and to identify further evidence of fatigue damage. We hypothesized that liners with longer durations of implantation would have higher damage scores.
An Update on the Performance of Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries on Mars Rovers (2005)

NASA's Mars Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity have been exploring the surface of Mars for the last thirty months, far exceeding the primary mission life of three months, performing astounding geological studies to examine the habitability of Mars. Such an extended mission life may be attributed to impressive performances of several subsystems, including power subsystem components, i.e., solar array and batteries. The novelty and challenge for this mission in terms of energy storage is the use of lithium-ion batteries, for the first time in a major NASA mission, for keeping the rover electronics warm, and supporting nighttime experimentation and communications. The use of Li-ion batteries has considerably enhanced or even enabled these rovers, by providing greater mass and volume allocations for the payload and wider range of operating temperatures for the power subsystem and thus reduced thermal management. After about 800 days of exploration, there is only marginal change in the end-of discharge (EOD) voltages of the batteries or in their capacities, as estimated from in-flight voltage data and corroborated by ground testing of prototype batteries. Enabled by such impressive durability from the Li-ion batteries, both from a cycling and calendar life stand point, these rovers are poised to extend their exploration well beyond 1000 sols, though other components have started showing signs of decay. In this paper, we will update the performance characteristics of these batteries on both Spirit and Opportunity.
Identifying Pathogenic Variants of Monogenic Diabetes Using Targeted Panel Sequencing in an East Asian Population (2019)

Using targeted panel sequencing followed by pathogenicity evaluation, we were able to make molecular genetic diagnoses for 23 patients (21.1%) with suspected monogenic diabetes. Lower BMI, higher MODY probability, and lower C-peptide level were characteristics of these participants.
Sizing of photovoltaic sources and storage devices for stand-alone power plants (2009)

The paper deals with the sizing a PV based source capable of working stand alone. The objective in the design of a PV system is to provide reliable power supply to the load without interruptions and without wasting energy. Several methods for evaluating the achievement of the above objective were found in the literature. In the paper authors proposes a method to size, in one step, the source and the storage systems. In this way it is possible to achieve an optimal sizing with a consequent reduction of plant costs. The resulting system has to be capable of satisfying the load demand in all the weather conditions. Numerical simulations have been effected to show the effectiveness of the proposed method and the capability of the sized system of supplying the load under real working conditions.
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT TRAJECTORIES ON EXTRINSIC SELF-CALIBRATION FOR VEHICLE-BASED MOBILE LASER SCANNING SYSTEMS (2019)

Abstract. The extrinsic calibration of a Mobile Laser Scanning system aims to determine the relative orientation between a laser scanner and a sensor that estimates the exterior orientation of the sensor system. The relative orientation is one component that limits the accuracy of a 3D point cloud which is captured with a Mobile Laser Scanning system. The most efficient way to determine the relative orientation of a Mobile Laser Scanning system is using a self-calibration approach as this avoids the need to perform an additional calibration beforehand. Instead, the system can be calibrated automatically during data acquisition. The entropy-based self-calibration fits into this category and is utilized in this contribution. In this contribution, we analyze the impact of four different trajectories on the result of the entropy-based self-calibration, namely (i) uni-directional, (ii) ortho-directional, (iii) bi-directional, and (iv) multi-directional trajectory. Theoretical considerations are supported by experiments performed with the publicly available MLS 1 – TUM City Campus data set. The investigations show that strong variations of the yaw angle in a confined space or bidirectional trajectories as well as the variation of the height of the laser scanner are beneficial for calibration.