gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Particle formation in thermally initiated radical‐mediated thiol‐ene emulsion polymerizations (2022)

Abstract Radical‐mediated thiol‐ene polymerizations (RMTEPs) conducted under typical emulsion polymerization conditions were studied with the aim of determining how various experimental parameters impact particle nucleation and growth. These colloids are unusual since they are made by step‐growth polymerizations, which can be thermally initiated in an aqueous emulsion system. Four pairs of thiol‐ene monomers were used to probe how composition impacts the nucleation loci. Kinetic studies were carried out to understand how monomer conversion, molecular weight, and particle size change throughout the reaction. Additionally, the number of particles formed as a function of surfactant and initiator concentrations were studied and this data, along with information from dye partition experiments, were used to determine polymer colloid nucleation mechanisms and how monomer/polymer structure impacts nucleation processes. Within the four pairs of monomers studied, three proceeded via homogeneous nucleation (via chain collapse in the aqueous phase), while one pair, which gave the highest degree of crosslinking, underwent heterogeneous nucleation (nucleation occurs in the micellar phase). Possible factors that impact which nucleation mechanism dominates a given set of monomers, such as crosslink density, water solubility, and thiol/ene reactivity, is discussed, although no clear set of delineating guidelines can be offered with this current set of data.
Mechanosensitivity and the eye: cells coping with the pressure (2006)

The cells of the various organ systems in humans are subject to mechanical forces to which they must respond. Here the authors review what is known of the ways in which the cells of animals, ranging from the prokaryotic to humans, sense and transduce mechanical forces to respond to such stimuli. In what way this pertains to the eye, especially with respect to axial myopia and the pressure related disease of glaucoma, is then surveyed.
Projecting coral responses to intensifying marine heatwaves under ocean acidification (2021)

Over this century, coral reefs will run the gauntlet of climate change, as marine heatwaves (MHWs) become more intense and frequent, and ocean acidification (OA) progresses. However, we still lack a quantitative assessment of how, and to what degree, OA will moderate the responses of corals to MHWs as they intensify throughout this century. Here, we first projected future MHW intensities for tropical regions under three future greenhouse gas emissions scenario (representative concentration pathways, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for the near-term (2021-2040), mid-century (2041-2060) and late-century (2081-2100). We then combined these MHW intensity projections with a global data set of 1,788 experiments to assess coral attribute performance and survival under the three emissions scenarios for the near-term, mid-century and late-century in the presence and absence of OA. Although warming and OA had predominately additive impacts on the coral responses, the contribution of OA in affecting most coral attributes was minor relative to the dominant role of intensifying MHWs. However, the addition of OA led to greater decreases in photosynthesis and survival under intermediate and unrestricted emissions scenario for the mid- and late-century than if intensifying MHWs were considered as the only driver. These results show that role of OA in modulating coral responses to intensifying MHWs depended on the focal coral attribute and extremity of the scenario examined. Specifically, intensifying MHWs and OA will cause increasing instances of coral bleaching and substantial declines in coral productivity, calcification and survival within the next two decades under the low and intermediate emissions scenario. These projections suggest that corals must rapidly adapt or acclimatize to projected ocean conditions to persist, which is far more likely under a low emissions scenario and with increasing efforts to manage reefs to enhance resilience.
Data from Clinical Efficacy and Whole-Exome Sequencing of Liquid Biopsies in a Phase IB/II Study of Bazedoxifene and Palbociclib in Advanced Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Sensitivity to endocrine therapy (ET) is critical for the clinical benefit from the combination of palbociclib plus ET in hormone receptor–positive/HER2-negative (HR&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/HER2&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;) advanced breast cancer. Bazedoxifene is a third-generation selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator and selective ER degrader with activity in preclinical models of endocrine-resistant breast cancer, including models harboring &lt;i&gt;ESR1&lt;/i&gt; mutations. Clinical trials in healthy women showed that bazedoxifene is well tolerated.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;We conducted a phase Ib/II study of bazedoxifene plus palbociclib in patients with HR&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/HER2&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; advanced breast cancer who progressed on prior ET (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 36; NCT02448771).&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;The study met its primary endpoint, with a clinical benefit rate of 33.3%, and the safety profile was consistent with what has previously been seen with palbociclib monotherapy. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.6 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.0–7.2]. An activating &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; mutation at baseline was associated with a shorter PFS (HR = 4.4; 95% CI, 1.5–13; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0026), but activating &lt;i&gt;ESR1&lt;/i&gt; mutations did not impact the PFS. Longitudinal plasma circulating tumor DNA whole-exome sequencing (WES; &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 68 plasma samples) provided an overview of the tumor heterogeneity and the subclonal genetic evolution, and identified actionable mutations acquired during treatment.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;The combination of palbociclib and bazedoxifene has clinical efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in a heavily pretreated patient population with advanced HR&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/HER2&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; breast cancer. These results merit continued investigation of bazedoxifene in breast cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A New Buffer Strategy for Embedded Video-on-Demand System (2009)

In view of shortage of hardware resources on embedded video-on-demand system, we propose a new strategy of ring buffer with trust-value to reduce the buffer time and save more system resources without reducing the quality of its service. Based on the analysis of general buffer strategy on client side, considering the size of buffer and the consumption of resources when system allocate buffer space or copy data, we propose the ring buffer structure, forecast of network condition, and dynamic adjustment method for the added buffer with trust-value to achieve our goal of a new buffer strategy. Test results show that, the application of the strategy in embedded video-on-demand system reduces the buffer time and save more system resources with ensuring its quality of service.
The Impact of HER-2 Status on Local Recurrence in Women with Stage I?II Breast Cancer Treated with Breast-Conserving Therapy (2006)

This study was undertaken to determine whether overexpression of the oncogene HER-2 is associated with an increase in local recurrence in women with early stage breast cancer treated with breast-conserving therapy (BCT). A retrospective review of the medical records of all women treated with stage I-II invasive breast cancer from 1991 through 2001 was performed. Of 596 eligible patients treated in that time period, immunohistochemical testing for HER-2 expression was performed in 352 patients (59%): 266 patients (76%) were HER-2 negative and 86 patients (24%) were HER-2 positive. Median follow-up was 5.4 years. The patient characteristics for the two groups were compared for age, pathologic T and N stage, number of positive nodes, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status, radiation treatment, and use of hormonal therapy or chemotherapy. There were no significant differences in any of these parameters between the two groups (all p > or = 0.10). Local recurrence at 5 years was 2% in the HER-2-negative group and 0% in the HER-2-positive group (p = 0.15). There was no difference in local recurrence after BCT between HER-2-positive and negative breast cancers at 5 years. Therefore HER-2 overexpression does not appear to be a contraindication to BCT.
Benzathiazoliums and pyridiniums for second-order nonlinear optics (2008)

A variety of pyridinium and benzothiazolium-substituted conjugated donor-&pi;-acceptor dipoles are studied by hyper- Rayleigh scattering (HRS) in solution. We have investigated their potential as strong electron acceptor moiety and a complete series has been synthesized and characterized. An elongation of the conjugated &pi;-system for each molecule is made and characterized to see the influence of the elongation of the conjugated &pi;-system. A leveling off of the hyperpolarizability &beta; is already observed after three subsequent double bonds.
<title>Frequency up-conversion of a discharge-pumped molecular fluorine laser by stimulated Raman scattering in H2</title> (1991)

By exciting 10-atm He/F2 gas mixtures by electric discharge at 66MW/cm3, a specific output energy of 2.9J/1 (83mJ) has been obtained in the F2 laser (157.6nm). To extend an available laser wavelength region with high output laser energies in the vacuum ultraviolet, frequency conversion of the laser radiation by stimulated Raman scattering in H2 has been demonstrated for the first time. The laser energy focused into a Raman cell was about lOmJ (22ns FWHM), which corresponds to the focused intensity of 141MW/cm . At H2 pressure of 5atm, 1st and 2nd Stokes lines (168.6nm, 181.4nm) and 1st anti-Stokes line (147.9nm) were observed. The energy conversion efficiency was ~10% for the 1st Stokes line, ~ 2% for the 2nd Stokes line, and ~ 0.8% for the 1st anti-Stokes line at a l0atm H2.
A Synthesis of Two Approaches for Verifying Finite State Concurrent Systems (1992)

The paper provides a synthesis between two main approaches to automatic verification of finite-state systems: temporal logic model checking and language containment of automata on infinite tapes. A new branching-time temporal logic is suggested, in which automata on infinite tapes are used to define new temporal operators. Each such operator defines a set of acceptable computation paths. Path quantifiers are used to specify whether all paths or some path from a state should be in some acceptable set. The logic is very powerful and includes both linear-time and branching-time temporal logics. We give an efficient model checking procedure that checks whether a finite-state system satisfies its specification, given by a formula of the new logic. Our procedure is linear in the size of the system and a low level polynomial in the size of the specification.
Measuring the variability of directly imaged exoplanets using vector Apodizing Phase Plates combined with ground-based differential spectrophotometry (2023)

Clouds and other features in exoplanet and brown dwarf atmospheres cause variations in brightness as they rotate in and out of view. Ground-based instruments reach the high contrasts and small inner working angles needed to monitor these faint companions, but their small fields-of-view lack simultaneous photometric references to correct for non-astrophysical variations. We present a novel approach for making ground-based light curves of directly imaged companions using high-cadence differential spectrophotometric monitoring, where the simultaneous reference is provided by a double-grating 360° vector Apodizing Phase Plate (dgvAPP360) coronagraph. The dgvAPP360 enables high-contrast companion detections without blocking the host star, allowing it to be used as a simultaneous reference. To further reduce systematic noise, we emulate exoplanet transmission spectroscopy, where the light is spectrally-dispersed and then recombined into white-light flux. We do this by combining the dgvAPP360 with the infrared ALES integral field spectrograph on the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer. To demonstrate, we observed the red companion HD 1160 B (separation ~780 mas) for one night, and detect $8.8\%$ semi-amplitude sinusoidal variability with a ~3.24 h period in its detrended white-light curve. We achieve the greatest precision in ground-based high-contrast imaging light curves of sub-arcsecond companions to date, reaching $3.7\%$ precision per 18-minute bin. Individual wavelength channels spanning 3.59-3.99 $μ$m further show tentative evidence of increasing variability with wavelength. We find no evidence yet of a systematic noise floor, hence additional observations can further improve the precision. This is therefore a promising avenue for future work aiming to map storms or find transiting exomoons around giant exoplanets.
A statistical approach to subspace based blind identification (1998)

Blind identification of single input multiple output systems is considered herein. The low-rank structure of the output signal is exploited to blindly identify the channel using a subspace fitting framework. Two approaches based on a minimal linear parameterization of a subspace are presented and analyzed. The asymptotically best consistent estimate is derived for the class of blind subspace-based techniques. The asymptotic estimation error covariance of the subspace estimates is derived, and the corresponding covariance of the statistically optimal estimates provides a lower bound on the estimation error covariance of subspace methods. A two-step procedure involving only linear systems of equations is presented that asymptotically achieves the bound. Simulations and numerical examples are provided to compare the two approaches.
Sensor Data Integration: A New Cross-Industry Collaboration to Articulate Value, Define Needs, and Advance a Framework for Best Practices (Preprint) (2021)

<sec> <title>UNSTRUCTURED</title> Data integration, the processes by which data are aggregated, combined, and made available for use, has been key to the development and growth of many technological solutions. In health care, we are experiencing a revolution in the use of sensors to collect data on patient behaviors and experiences. Yet, the potential of this data to transform health outcomes is being held back. Deficits in standards, lexicons, data rights, permissioning, and security have been well documented, less so the cultural adoption of sensor data integration as a priority for large-scale deployment and impact on patient lives. The use and reuse of trustworthy data to make better and faster decisions across drug development and care delivery will require an understanding of all stakeholder needs and best practices to ensure these needs are met. The Digital Medicine Society is launching a new multistakeholder Sensor Data Integration Tour of Duty to address these challenges and more, providing a clear direction on how sensor data can fulfill its potential to enhance patient lives. </sec>
Automatic Generation of Synthetic Retinal Fundus Images: Vascular Network (2016)

This work is part of an ongoing project aimed to generate synthetic retinal fundus images. This paper concentrates on the generation of synthetic vascular networks with realistic shape and texture characteristics. An example-based method, the Active Shape Model, is used to synthesize reliable vessels’ shapes. An approach based on Kalman Filtering combined with an extension of the Multiresolution Hermite vascular cross-section model has been developed for the simulation of vessels’ textures. The proposed method is able to generate realistic synthetic vascular networks with morphological properties that guarantee the correct flow of the blood and the oxygenation of the retinal surface observed by fundus cameras. The validity of our synthetic retinal images is demonstrated by qualitative assessment and quantitative analysis.
USAF single event sonic boom prediction model: PCBOOM (1994)

The United States Air Force is required to analyze the environmental impact from sonic booms produced by supersonic maneuvering aircraft. To meet this need, a single event prediction model PCBOOM3 has been developed. This model uses full ray tracing propagation theory and includes the effects of aircraft maneuvers, non-standard atmospheric profiles, and winds. Calculations include focused superbooms when they occur. Input parameters are flexible to allow general supersonic maneuvers. The program accepts user-defined F functions, and has F functions built in for current USAF aircraft. The model predicts the location and waveforms of sonic booms on the ground. Predicted sonic boom footprints are in the form of contours (psf, CSEL, etc.) and isopemps, or as tabular values at specific points. Signature output is provided in either graphical or tabular format for arbitrary points within the footprint. This program will enhance the ability to predict sonic booms for operational planning or for incident investigation. It will also be used as a research tool to investigate sonic boom generation and propagation. [Work supported by USAF AL/OEBN.]
In‐situ upgrading of heavy oil using nano‐catalysts: A computational fluid dynamics study of hydrogen and vacuum residue injection (2018)

Abstract A novel nano‐catalytic in‐situ upgrading technology (ISUT) using hot fluid injection for heavy oil and bitumen production and recovery has been proposed recently (Pereira‐Almao et al., in‐situ upgrading via hot fluid injection, US Patent US20150114636A1). In this method, a vacuum distillation unit is used to separate the vacuum residue of the produced oil. The nano‐catalysts are then dispersed into the vacuum residue (VR) and are re‐injected in the reservoir, along with hydrogen. However, because of the difference in the interface forces in the residue/gas mixture, segregation of gas is possible. A practical hydrogen to VR ratio of 120 Scc/cc is employed to study the physical separation possibility within actual reservoir/well geometry. VR and hydrogen are injected at 357 and 100 °C, respectively. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to model the VR + H 2 injection using the volume of fluid (VOF) method. Sensitivity analysis on reservoir pressure, mixing layout, and hydrogen solubility is also conducted.
Ionic diffusion and the topological origin of fragility in silicate glasses (2009)

Mass transport in liquids and glass is intimately connected to the structure and topology of the disordered network. To investigate this problem, we measure the ionic diffusivity and fragility of a series of iron-bearing alkali-alkaline earth silicate glasses, substituting different types of alkali and alkaline earth cations while keeping the same ratio of network modifiers. Diffusion is studied around the glass transition temperature (T(g)) under a reducing atmosphere, leading to a reduction of Fe(3+) to Fe(2+), and inward diffusion of the modifier cations. In the SiO(2)-CaO-Fe(2)O(3)-A(2)O (A=Na, K, Rb, or Cs) glass series, we find that the Ca(2+) ions diffuse faster than alkali ions and that the activation energy of the Ca(2+) diffusion decreases with alkali size, a trend that is coincident with a decrease in liquid fragility. We have established a simple model for accurately describing the correlation between the fragility index (m) and T(g) based on a topological consideration of the glass network. The model builds on a temperature-dependent constraint approach where the Vogel temperature serves as a rigidity percolation threshold. This follows from our derivation of the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation of viscosity from the more accurate Mauro-Yue-Ellison-Gupta-Allan equation. The established model provides an excellent prediction of the relationship between fragility and T(g), except for the MgO-containing glass where Mg(2+) is known to play a unique topological role in the network. This trend is in coincidence with the considerably faster inward diffusion of Mg(2+) in comparison to other alkaline earth cations.
Water, Energy and the Resource Consumption Puzzle: What about Hydrogen? (2012)

If you google “Resource Consumption”, then you will quickly find out that together with World Peace and Poverty this is one of the hottest topics on the global agenda. Interestingly, two of the most essential resources (potable water and clean air) are available basically free of any charge. No surprise then that these resources are becoming scarce. The market, defined as all actors on a given playing field, will not solve this effectively under the current rules of the game. It may solve it when it is too late, i.e. through means that no one will like. Balancing consumption and solving the puzzle drive our policy makers, and their actions tilt the playing field. It is because of their actions in the early ‘90s that we are discussing hydrogen infrastructures at Hydrogen Conferences today. Players and policy makers alike observe the same events that constitute the resource consumption puzzle. If we understand the puzzle better, then we can predict what policies to expect, which ones will stand, and which will not. And also, where adding value to solving the puzzle will be most effective, most needed and easiest, where support will flow to, and where we can most efficiently de-risk our new technologies. From the perspective of a venture capitalist, I will describe some of today's issues which every hydrogen start-up (every business to a larger or smaller extent) should address either directly or indirectly in their business plan: • How does the technology relate to the Resource Consumption Puzzle? • How effective is the business plan on the chosen playing field(s)? • How robust is the proposition under the shale gale? • What about the social sciences? Finally, I will give some examples of high tech projects in developing economies being implemented to the benefit of all involved, robustly supported by public policy makers, and that are de-risking propositions effectively.
Far-Field Radiation of Tip Aerodynamic Sound Sources in Axial Fans Fitted With Passive Noise Control Features (2011)

Abstract This study investigates the causal relationship between flow aerodynamics and radiated noise in low-speed axial fans. Using blades with three distinctive tip configurations, including two that were developed with a view to reducing noise emissions, the pressure fluctuations of the exhaust flow in the near field are correlated with the noise measured in the far field in an anechoic chamber. By varying the far-field microphone’s azimuthal position, the study investigates the source signatures and directivity of noise sources distributed along the blade span. Several distinctive features in the noise directivity pattern are identified and correlated with the noise sources of aerodynamic origin dissected along the blade span. Utilizing the directional far-field autospectra of the three blade configurations in combination with the near-field/far-field cross-spectra, the emission characteristics of the aerodynamic sources are analyzed and their roles with respect to the overall acoustic signature of the fan are discussed. It is apparent that the ability to decompose the output of the aerodynamic noise sources in the near field is a useful tool in designing fans to achieve desirable low-noise targets. The results confirm that the tip-flow appendages influence the noise radiation pattern for the investigated family of fans. These phenomena are linked with the control of aerodynamic noise sources related to the tip-leakage vortex and the hub corner separation.