gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Immunosuppression in Experimental Heart and Lung Transplantation: Selective JAK1/3 Inhibition Diminishes Acute Cardiac Rejection and Prevents Obliterative Airway Disease (2012)

Background: Selective inhibition of lymphocyte activation represents an optimal strategy for immunosuppression. This is the first report on the novel JAK3 inhibitor R507 for prevention of acute rejection as well as the development of chronic obliterative airway disease (OAD). Methods: Heterotopic BN-Lew heart (n=24) and luciferase transgeneic Lew-BN orthotopic tracheal transplantations (n=24) were performed to study acute cardiac allograft rejection and the development of chronic obliterative airway disease (OAD), respectively. Immunosuppressive efficacy and drug toxicity of R507 (60mg/kg BID) was compared to tacrolimus (4mg/kg QD) and everolimus (4mg/kg QD). Bioluminescence imaging was performed to longitudinally monitor the development of OAD. Human full-thickness airway cells were cultured in vitro to further investigate the effect of R507 on airway cells. Results: Plasma levels of R507 sustained stable in vivo, and in vitro enzyme assays showed selective inhibition of JAK1/3-dependent pathways. In human primary T-cells, R507 inhibits IL2-dependent Stat5 phosphorylation (EC50s of 22nM) and the resulting T-cell proliferation (EC50s of 19nM), while showing only modest activity on general cell proliferation (EC50s>2uM). R507 significantly reduced early mononuclear graft infiltration similar to tacrolimus (p< 0.001 vs. no medication group), decreased histologic rejection scores on day 5, resulting in significant prolonged graft survival (no medication: 7±0 days, tacrolimus 20±3 days, R507 HD 22±5 days) (p< 0.001). The Combination Index of 0.584 revealed synergistic effects of R507 with tacrolimus (mean survival of 22±6 days). R507 and everolimus similarly inhibited tracheal OAD development (p=0.001 vs. no medication) and inhibited donor-specific antibody production by day 28 (111±29 and 138±65, vs. no mediaction: 303±115). Interestingly, only R507 preserves the respiratory epithelium (Figure 1: representative confocal image of the epithelium of R507 treated animals; 86±6% preserved respiratory epithelium vs. no preserved epithelium in the everolimus and no medication groups; p< 0.001), demonstrating immune cell specificity.[Figure 1]Toxicology studies were performed on in vitro human full thickness airway epithelial cells cultured on an air-liquid-interface. Measurements of resistance and gene arrays demonstrated an intact epithelial barrier and no toxic side-effects of R507 on airway cells. Conclusions: R507 highly effectively diminishes acute cellular rejection and OAD development while preserving the physiological epithelium and is suitable for combination regimens with tacrolimus.
/sup 2/H-NMR studies of hypocotyl cell walls of germinating beams supplied with perdeuterated myo-inositol (1987)

When myo-(2-/sup 3/H) inositol (MI) was supplied to bean seeds by imbibition, only uronic acid, arabinose and xylose residues of cell wall polysaccharides were labeled. To study the structural mobility of the uronic acid- and/or pentose-rich polysaccharides in cell wall using /sup 2/H-NMR, the authors supplied perdeuterated MI with (2-/sup 3/H) MI to germinating bean seeds. Perdeuterated MI was prepared by the /sup 1/H-/sup 2/H exchange reaction of MI in deuterium oxide with Raney nickel. During the exchange reaction, extensive epimerization occurred and at least 6 inositol epimers in addition to MI were identified in the reaction mixture of GC/MS. The perdeuterated MI was completely resolved from other inositol epimers and purified by anion-exchange chromatography using Dowex 1 (borate form) and by crystallization. The /sup 2/H-NMR analysis resolved the /sup 2/H-labeled hypocotyl cell walls into two components (rigid and mobile components). They also report the distribution of /sup 2/H and /sup 3/H from perdeuterated and (2-/sup 3/H) MI in the cell wall sugar residues.
Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding precursors of urotensin II-alpha and -gamma (1986)

The primary structures of the precursors of urotensin II (UII)-alpha and -gamma, neuropeptide hormones of the caudal neurosecretory system of the carp, Cyprinus carpio, have been determined by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of cloned DNAs complementary to the mRNAs encoding them. A cDNA library, constructed with poly(A)+RNA in the preterminal spinal cord, was screened using 32P-labeled synthetic oligonucleotides representing all possible cDNA sequences corresponding to the pentapeptide common to all forms of carp UII (UII-alpha, -beta, and -gamma). Twenty out of 39 positive clones were analyzed with the restriction endonucleases, HindIII and PvuII, and classified into 4 groups. Nucleotide sequence analysis of 4 clones representing each group revealed that 2 clones encode the precursor of UII-alpha and the other 2 that of UII-gamma. Both precursors consist of 125 amino acid residues, and UII-alpha and -gamma exist at the carboxyl-termini preceded by Arg-Lys-Arg. The homology in both nucleotide and amino acid sequences between the precursors of UII-alpha and -gamma is more than 90%, suggesting that the genes were generated from a common ancestral gene by duplication. There is no sequence homology between the precursors of UII and urotensin I, another peptide hormone of the caudal neurosecretory system, nor between the precursors of UII and somatostatin-14. RNA transfer blot analysis indicated that mRNAs encoding the precursors of UII-alpha and -gamma are present in the spinal cord but not in the brain, intestine, liver, or kidney of the carp.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
U.V.‐DOSAGE MEASUREMENT IN A GEOMETRICALLY COMPLEX SYSTEM WITH LIGHT‐SENSITIVE PAPER. QUANTUM YIELD FOR SALMONELLA KILL IN EGG WHITE (1965)

Abstract— Simple measurement of germicidal (2537 Å) u.v. in a geometrically complex system is described. The radiant energy incident upon thin egg white films in a rapidly spinning centrifuge was integrated over time periods with NBS light‐sensitive paper. The radiant killing of contaminant Salmonella was found to be one microorganism per 10 11 quanta absorbed by the medium.
Desensitization of mammalian. beta. -adrenergic receptors: receptor sequestration vs. receptor function (1986)

Human A431 and rat glioma C6 cells exposed to isoproterenol (ISO) underwent a time and dose dependent loss of ISO-stimulated adenylate cyclase (AC) activity (desensitization). In addition, ..beta..-adrenergic receptors (..beta..AR) became less accessible to the hydrophilic antagonist (/sup 3/H)CGP-12177 and redistributed from the heavier density plasma membrane fraction to a lighter density membrane fraction (sequestration). Pretreatment of the cells with Concanavalin A (Con A) or phenylarsine oxide blocked sequestration but not desensitization. ..beta..AR of membranes prepared from Con A-pretreated cells exhibited a reduced affinity for ISO after desensitization as measured by the half-maximal concentration of ISO required to stimulate AC (Kact) and to compete for antagonist binding (IC50). Membranes were exposed to alkali to inactivate AC and ..beta..AR was transferred to a foreign AC by membrane fusion with polyethylene glycol. ..beta..AR from desensitized cells exhibited a reduced affinity for ISO (both Kact and IC50) and a reduced ability to stimulate the foreign AC. In addition, ..beta..AR from desensitized cells remained accessible to (/sup 3/H)CGP-12177 in the fused membranes. The authors conclude that the primary, essential step in desensitization is a reduction in ..beta..AR function. In contrast, ..beta..AR sequestration is not a prerequisite but a secondary event in the desensitization process.
Increased Antibody Response to Fucosylated Oligosaccharides and Fucose-Carrying Bacteroides Species in Crohn’s Disease (2020)

Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and with elevated antibody production toward microbial epitopes. The underlying processes linking the gut microbiota with inflammation are still unclear. Considering the constant induction of antibodies by gut microbial glycans, the aim of this study was to address whether the repertoire of carbohydrate-specific antibodies is altered in Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. IgG and IgM reactivities to oligosaccharides representative of mucosal glycans were tested in blood serum from 20 healthy control subjects, 17 ulcerative colitis patients, and 23 Crohn's disease patients using glycan arrays. An increased IgG and IgM reactivity toward fucosylated oligosaccharides was detected in Crohn's disease but not in ulcerative colitis. To address the antibody reactivity to the gut microbiota, IgG binding to members of a complex intestinal microbiota was measured and observed to be increased in sera of patients with Crohn's disease. Based on the elevated reactivity to fucosylated oligosaccharides, gut bacteria were tested for recognition by the fucose-binding <i>Aleuria aurantia</i> lectin. <i>Bacteroides stercoris</i> was detected in IgG- and lectin-positive fractions and reactivity of <i>A. aurantia</i> lectin was demonstrated for additional <i>Bacteroides</i> species. IgG reactivity to these <i>Bacteroides</i> species was significantly increased in inflammatory bowel disease patients, indicating that the increased reactivity to fucosylated oligosaccharides detected in Crohn's disease may be induced by fucose-carrying intestinal bacteria. Enhanced antibody response to fucosylated epitopes may have systemic effects by altering the binding of circulating antibodies to endogenous glycoproteins.
Asynchronous and modular repression of neutrophil production by IRF8 leads to the development of progenitors with partially overlapping lineage potentials. (153.24) (2011)

Abstract Most previous studies have assumed that the maturation of a particular blood cell type downstream of hematopoietic stem cells follows a singular developmental route; therefore the identification of distinct hematopoietic progenitors with partially overlapping lineage potentials has led to considerable controversy. For example, common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) and common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) both generate dendritic cells upon adoptive transfer in vivo. To determine the molecular mechanisms by which progenitors with partially overlapping lineage potentials arise, we examined the transcriptional changes that occur as lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors (LMPPs) differentiate into CLPs, and as CMPs differentiate into common dendritic cell progenitors (CDPs). In both of these independent pathways, we determined that the expression of the transcription factor IRF8 was strongly induced. IRF8-/- mice showed reduced numbers of both CLPs and CDPs. Competitive bone marrow reconstitutions also demonstrated cell-intrinsic defects in the generation of CD8a- dendritic cells, previously reported to be normal in IRF8-/- mice. Microarray comparisons between dendritic cells derived from either wild type CMPs or CLPs demonstrated that these cells are identical. Thus, the asynchronous expression of IRF8 leads to the formation of progenitors with partially overlapping developmental potentials, which can resolve themselves to ultimately generate the same mature cell type.
Cardiac Tumors and Dysrhythmias in Transgenic Mice (1990)

Transgenic mice expressing atrial natriuretic factor-SV40 T-antigen fusion genes (ANF-TAG) developed cardiac tumors asymmetrically in the right atrium. Features associated with cardiac failure, including increased plasma creatine kinase activity (MM and MB) and ventricular dysrhythmias, also were associated with atrial tumor growth. These atrial tumors were able to grow at histocompatible sites (subcutaneously in syngeneic animals) for protracted periods of time yielding a series of transplantable atrial tumor lineages. The transplantable tumors displayed several cardiac-specific characteristics, such as endogenous electrical activity and expression of cardiac-specific proteins. These transplantable atrial tumors constitute a novel experimental resource for developing cell lines which display an adult cardiac phenotype.
Smart Environments: Technology, Protocols and Applications (2004)

Contributors.Foreword by (Howard E. Shrobe).Acknowledgements.PART 1: INTRODUCTION.1. Overview (D. Cook & S. Das).PART 2: TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMART ENVIRONMENTS.2. Wireless Sensor Networks (F. Lewis).3. Power Line Communication Technologies (H. Latchman & A. Mundi).4. Wireless Communications and Pervasive Technology (M. Conti).5. Middleware (G. Youngblood).6. Home Networking and Appliances (D. Marples & S. Moyer).PART 3: ALGORITHMS AND PROTOCOLS FOR SMART ENVIRONMENTS.7. Designing for the Human Experience in Smart Environments (G. Abowd & E. Mynatt).8. Prediction Algorithms foor Smart Environments (D. Cook).9. Location Estimation (Determination and Prediction) Techniques in Smart Environments (A. Misra & S. Das).10. Automated Decision Making (M. Huber).11. Privacy, Security, and Trust Issues in Smart Environments (P. Nixon, et al.).PART 4: APPLICATIONS.12. Lessons from an Adaptive Home (M. Mozer).13. Smart Rooms (A. Chen, et al.).14. Smart Offices (C. Gal).15. Perceptual Environments (A. Pentland).16. Assistive Environments for Individuals with Special Needs (A. Helal, et al.).PART 5: CONCLUSIONS.17. Ongoing Challenges and Future Directions (S. Das & D. Cook).Index.
Age-related Macular Degeneration Study: A Metabolomics Approach (2013)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in the western world among people aged 50 or older. 90% of all vision loss due to AMD result from the exudative form, which is characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Age-related changes that induce pathologic CNV are incompletely understood. A successful application of anti-VEGF approaches in the clinic is obviously a turning point in AMD treatment. Nevertheless, despite such important advances, critical issues remain to be addressed. To better understand the etiology of this pathology, we have used and improved a model of laser-induced murine choroidal neovascularization. As none is known about the metabolic changes in patients with AMD, we decided to apply a 1H NMR metabolomics approach on AMD patients and on a mice CNV experimental model. This technique is a relatively new branch of « omics » technologies focused on the analysis and measurement of endogenous metabolites. These experiments provide unique challenges to fulfill the goal of improving the current status of physiological information related to metabolome and in general to functional genomics. For this purpose, sera from control and AMD patients, induced and non-induced mice have been collected and the metabolic profiles of these samples were determined by 1H NMR. After post-processing treatments, the different spectra were analyzed by statistical discriminant methodologies (PCA, ICA, PLS-DA). This approach allows the differentiation between control and AMD patients and between laser-induced mice and the control mice group. Moreover, the same discriminating spectral zones, lactate and lipoproteins profil, have been identified in human and mice model, leading to the emergence of different putative biomarkers. In mice model of laser-induced CNV, normalization of circulating lactate by dichloroacetate, decreases CNV development. These first interesting results open new way in the study of the AMD etiology and validate the use of 1H NMR and CNV model for the understanding of Age-related Macular Degeneration.
Design of an Energy-Efficient CMOS-Compatible NoC Architecture with Millimeter-Wave Wireless Interconnects (2012)

The Network-on-chip (NoC) is an enabling technology to integrate large numbers of embedded cores on a single die. The existing methods of implementing a NoC with planar metal interconnects are deficient due to high latency and significant power consumption arising out of multihop links used in data exchange. To address these problems, we propose design of a hierarchical small-world wireless NoC architecture where the multihop wire interconnects are replaced with high-bandwidth and single-hop long-range wireless shortcuts operating in the millimeter (mm)-wave frequency range. The proposed mm-wave wireless NoC (mWNoC) outperforms the corresponding conventional wireline counterpart in terms of achievable bandwidth and is significantly more energy efficient. The performance improvement is achieved through efficient data routing and optimum placement of wireless hubs. Multiple wireless shortcuts operating simultaneously further enhance the performance, and provide an energy-efficient solution for design of communication infrastructures for multicore chips.
Cheminformatics-Based Discovery of Potential Chemical Probe Inhibitors of Omicron Spike Protein (2022)

During the past two decades, the world has witnessed the emergence of various SARS-CoV-2 variants with distinct mutational profiles influencing the global health, economy, and clinical aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. These variants or mutants have raised major concerns regarding the protection provided by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and vaccination, rates of virus transmission, and/or the risk of reinfection. The newly emerged Omicron, a genetically distinct lineage of SARS-CoV-2, continues its spread in the face of rising vaccine-induced immunity while maintaining its replication fitness. Efforts have been made to improve the therapeutic interventions and the FDA has issued Emergency Use Authorization for a few monoclonal antibodies and drug treatments for COVID-19. However, the current situation of rapidly spreading Omicron and its lineages demands the need for effective therapeutic interventions to reduce the COVID-19 pandemic. Several experimental studies have indicated that the FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies are less effective than antiviral drugs against the Omicron variant. Thus, in this study, we aim to identify antiviral compounds against the Spike protein of Omicron, which binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and facilitates virus invasion. Initially, docking-based virtual screening of the in-house database was performed to extract the potential hit compounds against the Spike protein. The obtained hits were optimized by DFT calculations to determine the electronic properties and molecular reactivity of the compounds. Further, MD simulation studies were carried out to evaluate the dynamics of protein-ligand interactions at an atomistic level in a time-dependent manner. Collectively, five compounds (AKS-01, AKS-02, AKS-03, AKS-04, and AKS-05) with diverse scaffolds were identified as potential hits against the Spike protein of Omicron. Our study paves the way for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
Gene Expression Study of Monocytes/Macrophages during Early Foreign Body Reaction and Identification of Potential Precursors of Myofibroblasts (2010)

Foreign body reaction (FBR), initiated by adherence of macrophages to biomaterials, is associated with several complications. Searching for mechanisms potentially useful to overcome these complications, we have established the signaling role of monocytes/macrophages in the development of FBR and the presence of CD34(+) cells that potentially differentiate into myofibroblasts. Therefore, CD68(+) cells were in vitro activated with fibrinogen and also purified from the FBR after 3 days of implantation in rats. Gene expression profiles showed a switch from monocytes and macrophages attracted by fibrinogen to activated macrophages and eventually wound-healing macrophages. The immature FBR also contained a subpopulation of CD34(+) cells, which could be differentiated into myofibroblasts. This study showed that macrophages are the clear driving force of FBR, dependent on milieu, and myofibroblast deposition and differentiation.
Multimodal Imaging for Diagnosis of Anomalous Coronary Artery With Subsequent Myocardial Infarction (2021)

Chest pain in young adults is not always benign, and clinical suspicion should prompt further investigations. Multimodal imaging with computed tomography coronary angiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance can be used to identify anomalous coronary arteries, determine adverse imaging features, and guide subsequent clinical decision making. (<b>Level of Difficulty: Beginner.</b>).
Structural Study on Cubic–Tetragonal Transition of CH3NH3PbI3 (2002)

The cubic–tetragonal phase transition of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 was investigated by single crystal X-ray diffractometry. The crystal structure was refined at five temperatures in the teragonal phase. The PbI 6 octahedron rorates around the c -axis alternatively to construct the SrTiO 3 -type tetragonal structure. A methylammonium ion is partially orderd; 24 disordered states in the cubic phase are reduced to 8. With decreasing temperature, the rotation angle of the octahedron increases monotonically, which indicates it is an order parameter of the cubic-tetragonal transition.
Comparative Genomic Structure of Human, Dog, and Cat MHC: HLA, DLA, and FLA (2007)

Comparisons of the genomic structure of 3 mammalian major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs), human HLA, canine DLA, and feline FLA revealed remarkable structural differences between HLA and the other 2 MHCs. The 4.6-Mb HLA sequence was compared with the 3.9-Mb DLA sequence from 2 supercontigs generated by 7x whole-genome shotgun assembly and 3.3-Mb FLA draft sequence. For FLA, we confirm that 1) feline FLA was split into 2 pieces within the TRIM (member of the tripartite motif) gene family found in human HLA, 2) class II, III, and I regions were placed in the pericentromeric region of the long arm of chromosome B2, and 3) the remaining FLA was located in subtelomeric region of the short arm of chromosome B2. The exact same chromosome break was found in canine DLA structure, where class II, III, and I regions were placed in a pericentromeric region of chromosome 12 whereas the remaining region was located in a subtelomeric region of chromosome 35, suggesting that this chromosome break occurred once before the split of felid and canid more than 55 million years ago. However, significant differences were found in the content of genes in both pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions in DLA and FLA, the gene number, and amplicon structure of class I genes plus 2 other class I genes found on 2 additional chromosomes; canine chromosomes 7 and 18 suggest the dynamic nature in the evolution of MHC class I genes.
Balsam Woolly Adelgid Control, 1986 (1988)

Abstract A study was conducted in July and August to compare the efficacy of 3 formulations of Zectran mexacarbate insecticide for balsam woolly adelgid (BWA) control. Pydrin insecticide was used as a comparison standard. A Fraser fir Christmas tree plantation near Cullowhee in Jackson County, N.C., was selected as the study site. A 2.5-gal hand-pressurized portable sprayer was used to spray insecticide treatments on the entire main stem of BWA-infested fir trees (6-7 ft tall) until runoff. Control trees received water sprays only. Eighteen to 20 trees could be sprayed per gal. Treatments were replicated 3 or 4 times, depending on availability of infested trees (1 tree/replicate) and applied in a completely random design. Pretreatment counts were taken on 2 Jul using a no. 8 cork borer to remove 2 heavily BWA infested circular disks of bark from the bole of each tree. All BWA life stages were counted on both disks and added for a total live sample count. In the same manner, posttreatment counts were taken at 2 and 6 wk ifter treatment and compared to corresponding pretreatment counts to determine % live BWA density changes.