gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Argon fluoride excimer laser source for sub-0.25 mm optical lithography</title> (1991)

The spectral characteristics of an ELS-4000 excimer laser operating at 193 nm and employing two different line-narrowing schemes have been studied. Partial bandwidth reduction (72 pm FWHM) was achieved using a single dispersive prism. The laser generated an average output power of 4 W, making it a useful source of VUV radiation for broad-band 193 nm lithography. Narrow-band operation (5.5 pm FWHM) was attained using a prism-grating combination. The maximum narrow-band energy was 6 mJ; however, the average power was low (0.6 W). Improvements in the gain generator and optics will be needed to extract higher power levels for narrow-band lithographic applications.
3D tumor spheroid microarray for high-throughput, high-content natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity (2021)

Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to treating several forms of cancer. Use of immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells, along with small molecule drugs and antibodies through antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been investigated as a potential combination therapy for some difficult to treat solid tumors. Nevertheless, there remains a need to develop tools that support co-culture of target cancer cells and effector immune cells in a contextually relevant three-dimensional (3D) environment to provide a rapid means to screen for and optimize ADCC-drug combinations. To that end, here we have developed a high throughput 330 micropillar-microwell sandwich platform that enables 3D co-culture of NK92-CD16 cells with pancreatic (MiaPaCa-2) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The platform successfully mimicked hypoxic conditions found in a tumor microenvironment and was used to demonstrate NK-cell mediated cell cytotoxicity in combination with two monoclonal antibodies; Trastuzumab and Atezolizumab. The platform was also used to show dose response behavior of target cancer cells with reduced EC<sub>50</sub> values for paclitaxel (an anti-cancer chemotherapeutic) when treated with both NK cells and antibody. Such a platform may be used to develop more personalized cancer therapies using patient-derived cancer cells.
GTNet: Generative Transfer Network for Zero-Shot Object Detection (2020)

We propose a Generative Transfer Network (GTNet) for zero shot object detection (ZSD). GTNet consists of an Object Detection Module and a Knowledge Transfer Module. The Object Detection Module can learn large-scale seen domain knowledge. The Knowledge Transfer Module leverages a feature synthesizer to generate unseen class features, which are applied to train a new classification layer for the Object Detection Module. In order to synthesize features for each unseen class with both the intra-class variance and the IoU variance, we design an IoU-Aware Generative Adversarial Network (IoUGAN) as the feature synthesizer, which can be easily integrated into GTNet. Specifically, IoUGAN consists of three unit models: Class Feature Generating Unit (CFU), Foreground Feature Generating Unit (FFU), and Background Feature Generating Unit (BFU). CFU generates unseen features with the intra-class variance conditioned on the class semantic embeddings. FFU and BFU add the IoU variance to the results of CFU, yielding class-specific foreground and background features, respectively. We evaluate our method on three public datasets and the results demonstrate that our method performs favorably against the state-of-the-art ZSD approaches.
Effectiveness of some biocontrol and chemical treatments against Heterobasidion annosum on Norway spruce stumps (1999)

Summary The biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum, Verticillium bulbillosum, Hypholoma fasciculare, Phanerochaete velutina, Vuilleminiia comedens together with the chemical treatments propiconazole and the culture filtrate of V. bulbillosum were tested on Norway spruce stumps during 2 years in order to evaluate their effectiveness against Heterobasidion annosum. The results were compared, in 1 year, with the effectiveness of Phlebiopsis gigantea. All the treatments reduced H. annosum infections. The best results were obtained with P. velutina , propiconazole and with culture filtrates and conidial suspensions of V. bulbillosum.
Pioneering contributions of Peter Safar to intensive care and the founding of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Weil, Max Harry MD, PhD, MACP, FCCM; Shoemaker, William C. MD, FACS, FCCM Author Information
Metabolome of human gut microbiome is predictive of host dysbiosis (2015)

Specific enzyme functions and metabolites predictive of dysbiosis provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of microbiome-host interactions. The ability to use machine learning to predict dysbiosis from microbiome community interaction data provides a potentially powerful tool for understanding the links between the human microbiome and human health, pointing to potential microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutic interventions.
Stiffness transitions inSixSe1−xglasses from Raman scattering and temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (2000)

Temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) measurements on ${\mathrm{Si}}_{x}{\mathrm{Se}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ glasses show glass transitions to be thermally reversing in character in the composition window $0.20&lt;x&lt;0.27.$ Raman scattering shows a trimodal distribution of vibrational modes, identified with corner-sharing (CS), edge-sharing (ES), and Se-chain modes (CM). In the floppy region, $0&lt;x&lt;0.19,$ these modes are symmetric and are characteristic of a random network. In the transition region, $0.20&lt;x&lt;0.27,$ the ES and CM split into doublets suggesting appearance of extended range structural correlations. In the percolatively rigid region, $x&gt;0.27,$ the CS mode in addition to the ES and CM also splits into a doublet indicating growth of substantial medium range structure. The large compositional width $(0.20&lt;x&lt;0.27)$ associated with Raman elastic thresholds coincides with the thermally reversing window from MDSC.
비(非)물질적 표현이 도입된 집합주거의 외피 연구 (2020)

Modern architecture and design presents a variety of heterogeneous, multifarious expressions, reinterpreting and expressing the performance of materials or the function of Spaces, the processes contained therein. This mode of series is interpreted as immaterial rather than reductive. On the basis of the investigation of the immateriality of explicit space, the meaning of spatial design and immateriality is redefined. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the concept of immaterial in space and the immaterial characteristics and types in modern space design, and to analyze the immaterial characteristics in domestic residential space. First, The background, purpose, scope and method of the research are presented. Secondly, through literature investigation, the concept of spatial immateriality, the development trend of immaterialization and the structural form of immaterialization are understood, and the theoretical background of the characteristics and types of immaterialization is investigated. Third, to grasp the immaterial properties of the living shell, which is closely related to the daily behavior of human beings, and select the works of writers related to the immaterial performance. Fourthly, it combines the immaterial performance characteristics generated from the skin with the discovery, deformation, distortion, fusion and progress of the components through the construction of the immaterial outer skin. To study and understand the concept of immateriality, secondly, to classify the immateriality characteristics and types in space design, and to master the immateriality characteristics in settlement.
Detailed placement for improved depth of focus and CD control (2005)

Sub-resolution assist features (SRAFs) provide an absolutely essential technique for critical dimension (CD) control and process window enhancement in subwavelength lithography. However, as focus levels change during manufacturing, CDs at a given "legal" pitch can fail to achieve manufacturing tolerances required for adequate yield. Furthermore, adoption of off-axis illumination (OAI) and SRAF techniques to enhance resolution at minimum pitch worsens printability of patterns at other pitches. This paper describes a novel dynamic programming-based technique for Assist-Feature Correctness (AFCorr) in detailed placement of standard-cell designs. For benchmark designs in 130nm and 90nm technologies, AFCorr achieves improved depth of focus and substantial improvement in CD control with negligible timing, area, or CPU overhead. The advantages of AFCorr are expected to increase in future technology nodes.
Platelet activation by a synthetic hydrophobic polymer, polymethylmethacrylate (1991)

Platelets adhere to artificial surfaces in the initial stage of thrombus formation, but the subsequent steps in signal transduction that lead to platelet activation by artificial surfaces are not understood. When 0.325-micron diameter beads composed of a hydrophobic polymer, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), were added to gel-filtered aequorin-loaded platelets suspended in media containing Ca2+, the platelets aggregated; addition of fibrinogen was not required. Platelet aggregation was preceded by an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ and was accompanied by phosphorylation of the 47-Kd substrate of protein kinase C (PKC), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release, and accumulation of phosphatidic acid. All these effects were partially inhibited by apyrase and aspirin. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) 7E3 and M148 and the synthetic peptides RGDS and fibrinogen gamma chain fragment 400-411, all of which bind to the platelet fibrinogen receptor glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (GPIIb-IIIa) and inhibit fibrinogen binding, prevented PMMA-induced aggregation but did not inhibit the Ca2+ increase. Chymotrypsin-treated platelets aggregated after addition of fibrinogen, but not PMMA. We conclude that platelets interact initially with PMMA at membrane sites other than those required for fibrinogen binding, leading to activation of membrane phospholipases and PKC, an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+, release of 5-HT, ADP, and fibrinogen from storage granules, and to platelet aggregation.
The relationship between hydrogenase and nitrogenase for hydrogen evolution in Rhodopseudomonas sp. KCTC 1437 (1986)

Both hydrogenase and nitrogenase were found to be involved in hydrogen evolution independently in Rhodopseudomonas sp. KCTC 1437. The hydrogen formation in this bacterium was independent on light illumination and presence of N After establishment of conditions to measure the amount of hydrogen evolved by each of the enzymes in vivo, the several factors affecting on the hydrogen evolution, e.g. presence of gases ( , , or ), C/N ratio, were investigated, Hydrogenase was less inhibited than nitrogenase under and was active independent on the presence of or which were the strong inhibitor of nitrogenase. Besides, the hydrogenase activity was increased after incubation with . And it was verified that this bacterium consume hydrogen and photoreduce by hydrogenase. From above results, it is concluded that hydrogenase in Rhodopseudomonas sp. KCTC 1437 can produce hydrogen under more favorable condition that nitrogenase.e.
Study on Anodic Stripping Polarography with the Balanced Head Stationary Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode (1971)

Fundamental studies for the application of anodic stripping method to practical analyses have been done by use of the balanced head stationary hanging mercury drop electrode (BHMDE). Dependence of stripping peak current (lpa) on the experimental variables satisfied the following relation : Ipa.∝r02CR∝D2/3C0tr0-1ν-1/6.ω2. The relationship between lpa and pre-electrolysis potential has been examined for 1×10-6M Cu, Bi, Pb, Cd, In and Zn in supporting electrolytes of several kinds.The effect of the surface active substance on the stripping polarogram has also been examined. As for practical application, Pb and Cd in zinc metal and Pb, Cd and Zn in potassium chloride reagent have been determined. Anodic stripping polarography has been recognized to be very useful in the determination of micro-amounts of metal ions in solution and a number of reports had appeared during the last decade, for instance, on the structure of electrode assembly, the processes of electrode reactions and basic problems for the application of this method to practical analyses.The author has previously reported a new type of the hanging mercury drop electrode, “Balanced head stationary hanging mercury drop electrode” (BHMDE), which has been proved to have excellent reproducibility of the mercury drop size . Further, it is easy with this electrode to control the size of the electrode by selecting the duration of mercury run-off. For the application of the BHMDE to the anodic stripping method, the author has examined the fundamentals in voltammetric analysis with the BHMDE, i.e., the dependence of anodic stripping current on the radius of the electrode, the stirring velocity during pre-electrolysis, the potential and the period of presence of surface-active substances. Experimental results and an example of the application is presented in this paper.
Water-swellable elastomers: synthesis, properties and applications (2017)

Abstract Water-swellable elastomers (WSE) constitute a class of rubbery materials that have been widely studied both in academia and industry during the last 25 years. Market pull is the major driver for the exploration of these materials. The need of WSE in several sealing applications has driven the attention of many academic researchers toward the possibility to provide a rubber with water-swelling characteristics. As commercial rubbers are hydrophobic materials, making them swell in water presents an interesting and difficult challenge. This paper reviews the scientific and patent literature on the fundamental aspects of WSE: the various synthetic approaches, the properties of the corresponding polymers (not only the swelling performance but also the mechanical behavior), and some of their applications. Particular attention is paid to the chemical structure/performance relationships of WSE. Finally, the authors speculate on a great future for WSE that can be rationally designed for improved and/or new applications.
ACL reconstruction combined with lateral monoloop tenodesis can restore intact knee laxity (2020)

Cutting the deep fibres of the ITB caused large increases in tibial internal rotation laxity across the range of knee flexion, while cutting the ALL alone did not. With ACL deficiency combined with anterolateral deficiency, ACL reconstruction alone was insufficient to restore native knee rotational laxity. However, combining a 'monoloop' lateral extra-articular tenodesis with ACL reconstruction did restore native knee laxity.
Set Risk Analyses in Digital Optocouplers (2003)

A technique for evaluating the risk of upsetting the 6N140 high gain optocoupler due to the propagation of an ASET is explained. SETs measured at the output of the National Semiconductor LM139 are used to illustrate the method.
Computational Design of an Electro-Membrane Microfluidic-Diode System (2023)

This study uses computational design to explore the performance of a novel electro-membrane microfluidic diode consisting of physically conjugated nanoporous and micro-perforated ion-exchange layers. Previously, such structures have been demonstrated to exhibit asymmetric electroosmosis, but the model was unrealistic in several important respects. This numerical study investigates two quantitative measures of performance (linear velocity of net flow and efficiency) as functions of such principal system parameters as perforation size and spacing, the thickness of the nanoporous layer and the zeta potential of the pore surface. All of these dependencies exhibit pronounced maxima, which is of interest for future practical applications. The calculated linear velocities of net flows are in the range of several tens of liters per square meter per hour at realistically applied voltages. The system performance somewhat declines when the perforation size is increased from 2 µm to 128 µm (with a parallel increase of the inter-perforation spacing) but remains quite decent even for the largest perforation size. Such perforations should be relatively easy to generate using inexpensive equipment.
Drosophila PS1 integrin is a laminin receptor and differs in ligand specificity from PS2. (1994)

We have expressed Drosophila position-specific (PS) integrins on the surfaces of Schneider S2 cells and tested for adhesion and spreading on various matrix molecules. We report that PS1 integrin is a laminin receptor and that PS1 and PS2 integrins promote cell spreading on two different Drosophila extracellular matrix molecules, laminin and tiggrin, respectively. The differing ligand specificities of these two integrins, combined with data on the in vivo expression patterns of the integrins and their ligands, lead to a model for the structure of integrin-dependent attachments in the pupal wings and embryonic muscles of Drosophila.
S112021 Effect of Cavitation Peening and Shot Peening on Fatigue Life of Case-Hardened Steel Rollers in a Case of Same Surface Roughness (2012)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of peening on the fatigue life of steel rollers. First, steel rollers were treated by three types of peenings to ensure the same surface roughness of peened rollers. One is the cavitation peening (CP) used a cavitating jet in water with an injection pressure of 30 MPa, and the others are the fine particle peening (FPP) with a shot diameter of 0.1 mm and the normal shot peening (NSP) with a shot diameter of 0.3 mm. The surface hardness and the surface compressive residual stress of the steel rollers were increased by all the peenings In particular, they were most increased by the FPP While, the work-hardened depth due to the CP and the NSP was larger than that due to the FPP. As a result of the roller tests, the fatigue lives of the steel rollers were improved by all the peenings, and they were most improved by the NSP. Judging from the P<max>-N curves and the [A(σ_y/Hv)]_<max>-N curves, the improvement m fatigue lives due to the FPP depended heavily on the increase in surface hardness due to that, and the effects of the CP and the NSP on the rolling contact fatigue were equivalent under the same surface roughness and the same surface hardness.
Mismatch in Perceptions of Success: Investigating Academic Values among Faculty and Doctoral Students (2021)

Many cultural and institutional barriers have prevented chemistry from realizing greater calls for diversity in academia. Though recent work has elucidated how the measures of success used in academia can disadvantage students from underrepresented groups at the undergraduate level, thorough understanding of how success metrics are valued by minoritized students at the graduate level is lacking. Here, we use data generated from the UC Berkeley Department of Chemistry’s student-led climate survey to investigate both how graduate students prioritize and how faculty employ common metrics for graduate student success. Results revealed that faculty undervalued metrics preferred by students from underrepresented groups (URGs) in STEM such as underrepresented people of color, women, LGBTQ+ students, and first-generation students. Priorities of students that do not identify as underrepresented displayed no statistically significant differences compared to faculty values. Questions regarding publication record, one of the often-used measures of success in STEM academia, suggest that graduate students, particularly those belonging to URGs, challenge the use of publication record as the primary metric of success in graduate school. These findings highlight some of the ways that definitions of academic success can be exclusionary for graduate students from underrepresented backgrounds and encourage re-envisioning graduate school success in ways that reflect the values of diverse student populations.
Role of Human Corneal Stroma-Derived Mesenchymal-Like Stem Cells in Corneal Immunity and Wound Healing (2016)

Corneal tissue regeneration is of crucial importance for maintaining normal vision. We aimed to isolate and cultivate human corneal stroma-derived mesenchymal stem-like cells (CSMSCs) from the central part of cadaver corneas and study their phenotype, multipotency, role in immunity and wound healing. The isolated cells grew as monolayers in vitro, expressed mesenchymal- and stemness-related surface markers (CD73, CD90, CD105, CD140b), and were negative for hematopoietic markers as determined by flow cytometry. CSMSCs were able to differentiate in vitro into fat, bone and cartilage. Their gene expression profile was closer to bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) than to limbal epithelial stem cells (LESC) as determined by high-throughput screening. The immunosuppressive properties of CSMSCs were confirmed by a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), while they could inhibit proliferation of activated immune cells. Treatment of CSMSCs by pro-inflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptor ligands significantly increased the secreted interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL-10) levels, as well as the cell surface adhesion molecules. CSMSCs were capable of closing a wound in vitro under different stimuli. These cells thus contribute to corneal tissue homeostasis and play an immunomodulatory and regenerative role with possible implications in future cell therapies for treating sight-threatening corneal diseases.
Tunable sound packages consisting of granular aerogels and fibrous media (2022)

In this study, two granular aerogel materials, both consisting of particles with sizes on the scale of 1 to 50 mm, were first investigated both theoretically and experimentally to improve our understanding of their acoustical behavior. Specifically, layers of the aerogels were evaluated in terms of their sound absorption coefficients, and loss mechanisms in the frequency region below 2000 Hz were quantified for both aerogels by using a previously-developed modeling tool based on the Biot theory. Further studies were then conducted in order to optimize the acoustical performance of potential sound packages featuring these aerogel particle stacks. For example, one of the aerogel materials was placed in series with a fibrous layer to take advantage of the low and high frequency sound absorption offered by the aerogel and the fibrous layers, respectively. The two types of aerogels were also combined in parallel to show that absorption peaks of one of the materials could be used to compensate for the absorption “dips” of the other material. After experimentally validating the design concepts mentioned above, the aerogel granule stacks' properties were tuned to realize a very low frequency and wideband sound absorption treatment when combined with the fibrous layer.
16세기 여주이씨 노비소송과 의송(議送) (2016)

여주이씨 노비소송은 草溪에 사는 원고 固城李氏 李春壽와 慶州에 사는 피고 驪州李氏 李浚 형제가 1576년부터 1578년까지 벌인 노비소유권 다툼이다. 여주이씨 노비소송은 忠義衛 이춘수가 李浚이 據執하고 있는 도망 비 多勿沙里를 推給해줄 것을 청구하는 議送所志를 경상도관찰사에게 올림으로써 시작되었다. 여주이씨 노비소송의 당사자는 원고 이춘수와 피고 이준·이순형제이며, 소송의 목적물은 婢子 多勿沙里이고, 청구내용은 도망노비 추심인 것이다. 여주이씨 노비소송은 네 가지 쟁점을 둘러싸고 진행되었는데, 첫 번째 쟁점은 訴訟物인 一名 多勿沙里 一名 班春의 실체였다. 원고는 소송 비자 다물사리가 同今 소생이며 동금은 其每 소생이라고 하여 기매-동금-다물사리의 連繼를 주장하는 반면, 이준은 소송 비자 반춘이 李今 소생이라 하여 李今-班春이라고 맞섰다. 두 번째 쟁점은 원고와 피고가 각각 제출한 慶州府立案의 眞正成立 여부였다. 세 번째쟁점은 이준이 작성하였다는 還授拷音의 위조 여부였으며, 네 번째 쟁점은 소송물인 일명 반춘 일명다물사리의 증인능력 인정여부였다. 여주이씨 노비소송은 소송쟁점을 둘러싸고 당사자가 ‘소송의 내용(실체)’에 대해 辯論을 전개하는 가운데, ‘소송의 절차’에 대한 문제 제기도 있었다. 이를 주도한 측은 피고 이준 형제였으며, 그 방법은 관찰사에게 올리는 議送所志였다. 이준 형제는 관찰사에게 11차례 의송소지를 올려 이춘수 공동소송인의 當事者適格 여부, 송관 忌避신청, 移送요청 등 ‘소송의 절차’에 대해 권리를 행사함으로써 소송의 주도권을 장악하였다. 이처럼 소송 진행과정에서 당사자가 소송의 절차에 관한 의송소지를 올리고 이를 근거로 관찰사가 소송을 지휘하는 양태는 지금까지 보아온 소송에서는 찾아보기 힘든 모습이다. 반면 원고 이춘수는 의송소지를 한 차례 올려 이준 還授拷音의 진정성을 辯論하는데 그쳤으며, 이후갖가지 핑계를 대며 訟庭에 現身하지 않았다. 이에 따라 소송의 절차에 대한 권리행사로 주도권을 장악한 이준 형제는 관찰사에게 親手自決 즉 직접 決訟해줄 것을 여러 차례 요청하였으며, 마침내 관찰사가 흥해군수에게 親着決折을 지시함에 따라, 여주이씨 노비소송은 소송쟁점이 眞僞不明인 상태에서 절차법인 親着決折法에 의해 마무리되었다.