gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passive Cooling in Open Rock Embankments (2004)

In this chapter, the fluid-mechanical and thermal characteristics of highly porous granular embankments, sometimes referred to as air convection embankments (ACE), are examined. Goering and Kumar (1996) proposed that embankments such as these could be used to generate a passive cooling effect for application in permafrost areas. These structures are most suitable for roadway, airport, or railway embankments or for gravel construction pads, but may also be adopted for use in building foundation designs and hazardous material containment dikes.
Interleukin‐7 promotes the survival of human CD4+ effector/memory T cells by up‐regulating Bcl‐2 proteins and activating the JAK/STAT signalling pathway (2010)

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a crucial cytokine involved in T-cell survival and development but its signalling in human T cells, particularly in effector/memory T cells, is poorly documented. In this study, we found that IL-7 protects human CD4(+) effector/memory T cells from apoptosis induced upon the absence of stimulation and cytokines. We show that IL-7 up-regulates not only Bcl-2 but also Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 as well. Interleukin-7-induced activation of the janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathway is sufficient for cell survival and up-regulation of Bcl-2 proteins. In contrast to previous studies with naive T cells, we found that IL-7 is a weak activator of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT (also referred as protein kinase B) pathway and IL-7-mediated cell survival occurs independently from the PI3K/AKT pathway as well as from activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. Considering the contribution of both IL-7 and CD4(+) effector/memory T cells to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and colitis, our study suggests that IL-7 can contribute to these diseases by promoting cell survival. A further understanding of the mechanisms of IL-7 signalling in effector/memory T cells associated with autoimmune inflammatory diseases may lead to potential new therapeutic avenues.
Design considerations for VRM transient response based on the output impedance (2003)

This paper discusses the transient response of voltage regulator modules (VRMs) based on the small-signal models. The concept of constant resistive output impedance design for the VRM is proposed, and its limitations in applications are analyzed. The impacts of the output filter and the feedback control bandwidth show that there is an optimal design that allows the VRM to achieve fast transient response, small size and good efficiency. Simulations and experimental results prove the theoretical analysis.
Ring-stage growth arrest: Metabolic basis of artemisinin tolerance in Plasmodium falciparum (2022)

The emergence and spread of artemisinin-tolerant malaria parasites threatens malaria control programmes worldwide. Mutations in the propeller domain of the Kelch13 protein confer <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> artemisinin resistance (ART-R). ART-R is linked to the reduced susceptibility of temporary growth-arrested ring-stage parasites, but the metabolic mechanisms remain elusive. We generated two <i>PfKelch13</i> mutant lines via CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing which displayed a reduced susceptibility accompanied by an extended ring stage. The metabolome of ART-induced ring-stage growth arrest parasites carrying <i>PfKelch13</i> mutations showed significant alterations in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycolysis, and amino acids metabolism, pointing to altered energy and porphyrin metabolism with metabolic plasticity. The critical role of these pathways was further confirmed by altering metabolic flow or through chemical inhibition. Our findings uncover that the growth arrestment associated with ART-R is potentially attributed to the adaptative metabolic plasticity, indicating that the defined metabolic remodeling turns out to be the trigger for ART-R.
Particulate Matter and Skin (2014)

Particulate matter (PM) 10 is defi ned as fi ne dust less than 10 μm in diameter which–includes harmful materials such as sulphate, nitrate, acid, carbon compounds and, heavy metals. PM, which has become a serious issue in Korea, has adverse effects not only on the respiratory tract but also on the cardiovascular system, and skin. Exposure to PMs results in the aggravation of atopic dermatitis, extrinsic skin aging involving increasing wrinkles, and pigmented spots. It also can induce a burning sensation and pruritus in those with sensitive skin. Thus, we review the effects of PM exposure on human skin in the literature.
Infection‐induced endothelial amyloids impair memory (2019)

ABSTRACT Patients with nosocomial pneumonia exhibit elevated levels of neurotoxic amyloid and tau proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In vitro studies indicate that pulmonary endothelium infected with clinical isolates of either Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae , or Staphylococcus aureus produces and releases cytotoxic amyloid and tau proteins. However, the effects of the pulmonary endothelium‐derived amyloid and tau proteins on brain function have not been elucidated. Here, we show that P. aeruginosa infection elicits accumulation of detergent insoluble tau protein in the mouse brain and inhibits synaptic plasticity. Mice receiving endothelium‐derived amyloid and tau proteins via intracerebroventricular injection exhibit a learning and memory deficit in object recognition, fear conditioning, and Morris water maze studies. We compared endothelial supernatants obtained after the endothelia were infected with P. aeruginosa possessing an intact [ P. aeruginosa isolated from patient 103 (PA103) supernatant] or defective [mutant strain of P. aeruginosa lacking a functional type 3 secretion system needle tip complex (ΔPcrV) supernatant] type 3 secretion system. Whereas the PA103 supernatant impaired working memory, the ΔPcrV supernatant had no effect. Immunodepleting amyloid or tau proteins from the PA103 supernatant with the A11 or T22 antibodies, respectively, overtly rescued working memory. Recordings from hippocampal slices treated with endothelial supernatants or CSF from patients with or without nosocomial pneumonia indicated that endothelium‐derived neurotoxins disrupted the postsynaptic synaptic response. Taken together, these results establish a plausible mechanism for the neurologic sequelae consequent to nosocomial bacterial pneumonia.—Balczon, R., Pittet, J.‐F., Wagener, B. M., Moser, S. A., Voth, S., Vorhees, C. V., Williams, M. T., Bridges, J. P., Alvarez, D. F., Koloteva, A., Xu, Y., Zha, X.‐M., Audia, J. P., Stevens, T., Lin, M. T. Infection‐induced endothelial amyloids impair memory. FASEB J. 33, 10300–10314 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Synthetic Preparation of N-Methyl-α-amino Acids (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Preparation of N-Methyl-α-amino AcidsLuigi Aurelio, Robert T. C. Brownlee, and Andrew B. HughesView Author Information Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 12, 5823–5846Publication Date (Web):November 6, 2004Publication History Received5 May 2003Published online6 November 2004Published inissue 1 December 2004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr030024zCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9783Altmetric-Citations239LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (659 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Alkyls,Anions,Monomers,Organic compounds,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
BARD: bayesian-assisted resource discovery in sensor networks (2005)

Data dissemination in sensor networks requires four components: resource discovery, route establishment, packet forwarding, and route maintenance. Resource discovery can be the most costly aspect if meta-data does not exist to guide the search. Geographic routing can minimize search cost when resources are defined by location, and hash-based techniques like data-centric storage can make searching more efficient, subject to increased storage cost. In general, however, flooding is required to locate all resources matching a specification. In this paper, we propose BARD, Bayesian-assisted resource discovery, an approach that optimizes resource discovery in sensor networks by modeling search and routing as a stochastic process. BARD exploits the attribute structure of diffusion and prior routing history to avoid flooding for similar queries. BARD models attributes as random variables and finds routes to arbitrary value sets via Bayesian estimation. Results of occasional flooded queries establish a baseline probability distribution, which is used to focus additional queries. Since this process is probabilistic and approximate, even partial matches from prior searches can still reduce the scope of search. We evaluate the benefits of BARD by extending directed diffusion and examining control overhead with and without our Bayesian filter. These simulations demonstrate a 28% to 73% reduction in control traffic, depending on the number and locations of sources and sinks.
A review of recent developments in membrane separators for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (2014)

The separator of a lithium-ion battery prevents the direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes while serving as the electrolyte reservoir to enable the transportation of lithium ions between the two electrodes.
On the Calculation of Constrained Capacity and Outage Probability of Broadband Satellite Communication Links (2014)

Outage probability and outage ergodic constrained capacity are important performance metrics of broadband satellite communication networks operating above 10 GHz. The objective of this letter is to propose a simple method, using piecewise linear fitting, for the calculation of these figures of merit in rain fading channels. Rain fading affecting the signal amplitude is described by log-lognormal distribution. The results are focused on well-accepted DVB-S2 satellite communication system. Finally, a lower bound for the ergodic constrained capacity of log-lognormal channels is given. The numerical results highlight the accuracy of the proposed method.
Changing molecular band offsets in polymer blends of (P3HT/P(VDF–TrFE)) poly(3-hexylthiophene) and poly(vinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene) due to ferroelectric poling (2013)

Photoelectron emission and inverse photoemission spectroscopy studies of polymer blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride (70%) – trifluoroethylene (30%)) P(VDF–TrFE 70 : 30) and regio-regular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) provide evidence of changes in the molecular band offsets as a result of changes in the ferroelectric polarization in P(VDF–TrFE). Investigation of the blends with higher concentrations of the semiconducting P3HT component revealed that the organic semiconductor component of the blend dominates the electronic structure in the vicinity of the chemical potential. Specifically, the states of P3HT at the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum fall within the HOMO–LUMO gap of the dielectric ferroelectric P(VDF–TrFE) but the P3HT does not exhibit a change in the molecular band offset with respect to the Fermi level or band bending with polarization reversal, unlike P(VDF–TrFE).
Implicit Coordination Strategies for Effective Team Communication (2016)

The findings from our work can inform the design of communication strategies for team training to improve performance of complex tasks.
S to O and O to S linkage isomerization in sulfoxide complexes of pentaammineruthenium (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTS to O and O to S linkage isomerization in sulfoxide complexes of pentaamminerutheniumA. Yeh, N. Scott, and H. TaubeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 7, 2542–2545Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00137a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00137a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Deviations fromT32Law for Magnetization of Ferrometals: Ni, Fe, and Fe+3% Si (1963)

The variation with temperature of the magnetizations of single crystals of Ni, Fe, and Fe+3 wt% Si are studied. New data for Fe and Fe(Si) is presented along with previously reported measurements for Ni. These data were obtained by means of the pyromagnetic effect at various applied fields and in the temperature range 4.2-140, 30, and 120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K for the Fe, Fe(Si), and Ni crystals, respectively. The observed departures from ${T}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ behavior are well described by spin-wave theory. Attempts to ascribe some of the measured variation of the magnetization to Stoner-type excitations or to variation of the moment per atom due to lattice expansion are mainly unsuccessful. The coefficients of the ${T}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ term appropriate for zero spin-wave energy gap are $C=7.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2, 3.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2, \mathrm{and} 4.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6} {\mathrm{deg}}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{3}{2}}$ for Ni, Fe, and Fe(Si), respectively. The coefficients of the ${T}^{\frac{5}{2}}$ term for zero gap are determined only for the Ni and Fe crystals as $D=(1.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8} {\mathrm{deg}}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{5}{2}} \mathrm{and} (1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9} {\mathrm{deg}}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{5}{2}}$, respectively. The measured variation of the spin-wave energy gap with applied field is consistent with the known $g$ values of 2.19 and 2.09 for Ni and Fe. The magnitude of the gap at zero field is fully explained by the effects of magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magnetic-dipolar coupling. The values of the $C$ and $D$ coefficients are compared with results from independent experiments and are discussed in relation to theories of ferromagnetism in metals.
Power consumption issues in future high-performance switches and routers (2008)

The underlying demand for network capacity can only be satisfied by contemporaneously increasing the transmission bit rate and the switching capacity. An increase of data transmission and processing speed unavoidable leads to high requirements on power supply. Especially in the case of high-capacity electronic routers, the question of power consumption will be the major issue and probably the most important limiting factor as routers become larger in the future. Using optical switching fabrics could relax the limitations to some extent, but optical buffers occupy larger area and dissipate more power than electronic ones. In this paper, we address power consumption issues in future high-capacity switching elements. Different technologies and switching paradigms such as electronic packet/circuit switching or optical circuit/burst/packet switching are considered. In particular, we consider four different node architectures as candidates for future high-performance network elements. These architectures are described and examined with regard to power consumption.
Effect of Pt particle size on H/D exchange of methane over alumina- and zeolite-supported catalysts (1995)

Deuterium exchange in methane was studied over a series of Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/mazzite catalysts. The reaction proceeds by a simple stepwise mechanism with CH3D being the primary product. Large and small metal particles located in zeolite and alumina catalysts have different catalytic activity with respect to deuterium exchange in methane. The rate of reaction per Pt atom was the same on the catalysts investigated for particles > 15–20 Å and considerably lower than the rate of reaction on samples with smaller Pt clusters. The activity of small clusters of Pt (diameter < 15–20 Å) depended on the nature of the support.
Radio-over-fiber distribution using an optical millimeter-wave/DWDM overlay (2003)

We demonstrate an optical MM-wave/DWDM overlay using optical suppressed-carrier modulation to simultaneously upconvert multi-wavelength subcarriers to 35 GHz. Performance of the system is analyzed for radio-over-fiber distribution.
Rodents infected with Schistosoma mansoni produce cytolytic IgG and IgM antibodies to the Lewis x antigen (1997)

Schistosoma mansoni is a blood fluke that produces glycoconjugates containing the Lewis x antigen (Le(x)) Gal beta 1-->4(Fuc alpha 1-->3) GlcNAc beta 1-->R. However, Le(x) antigen is also normally expressed in many tissues of adult rodents. We now report that mice and hamsters chronically infected with S.mansoni generate high titers of both IgM and IgG antibodies reactive with Le(x) and that no reactivity is present in sera from uninfected animals. Anti-Le(x) antibodies were detected by ELISA using the Le(x)-containing neoglycoprotein lacto-N-fucopentaoseIII-BSA. The IgG in infected animals consists of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b subclasses and binds to Protein A-Sepharose. The sera of infected animals reacts only with Le(x) antigen and has no reactivity toward either Le(a) or sialyl Le(x). The IgM response to Le(x) is detectable at week 2, whereas the IgG response is detectable at weeks 5-6 following infection of mice. The sera of infected mice and hamsters can mediate the complement-dependent cytolysis (CDC) of cells expressing surface Le(x). This cytolytic activity is exclusively effected by the anti-Le(x) antibodies, since their removal from sera by adsorption depletes the sera of CDC activity. Thus, the abundant expression of the Le(x) antigens by the parasite elicits cytolytic antibodies reactive with a host antigen.
Supplementary Data from Regional Control of Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S2.&lt;/p&gt;
Bioanode for a microbial fuel cell based on Gluconobacter oxydans immobilized into a polymer matrix (2014)

Acetic acid bacteria Gluconobacter oxydans subsp. industrius RKM V-1280 were immobilized into a synthetic matrix based on polyvinyl alcohol modified with N-vinylpyrrolidone and used as biocatalysts for the development ofbioanodes for microbial fuel cells. The immobilization method did not significantly affect bacterial substrate specificity. Bioanodes based on immobilized bacteria functioned stably for 7 days. The maximum voltage (fuel cell signal) was reached when 100-130 µM of an electron transport mediator, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, was added into the anode compartment. The fuel cell signals reached a maximum at a glucose concentration higher than 6 mM. The power output of the laboratory model of a fuel cell based on the developed bioanode reached 7 mW/m2 with the use of fermentation industry wastes as fuel.
Time-Sharing Modulation at 200 kc Applied to Broad and Narrow Line NMR for Base-Line Stability (1965)

The time-sharing method of alternately pulsing an NMR transmitter and receiver has proven useful in reducing base-line instability due to leakage signal. In this paper, methods are described for increasing the repetition rates to 200 kc and higher, which displace the sidebands well away from the carrier, giving undistorted broad line absorption signals, and high resolution spectra without side band overlap (e.g., 19F spectra). Some undesirable features associated with field and frequency modulation are thus avoided. The method is accomplished quite simply using two pulsers, fast diode switches, and a broad band power amplifier.
Recent developments in ocean data telemetry at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1991)

The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is developing techniques for telemetering oceanographic data from the deep ocean to the laboratory in near real time. Three general approaches that provide a link between subsurface instruments and surface buoys equipped with satellite transmitters are being pursued. These approaches are: cabled systems that use electromechanical cables to connect subsurface instruments to a central controller; high data rate acoustic modems to transfer information between multiple remote units and a central controller; and inductive modems that use standard mechanical mooring lines as the transmission medium between instruments deployed on the mooring and a central controller. These telemetry systems are targeted for general use by the oceanographic community and are designed to be power efficient, low in cost, and capable of integration with most oceanographic data collection systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mitigate the obstructing effect of vehicles on the propagation of VANETs safety-related information (2017)

As physical obstacles, vehicles have a significant impact on the efficient propagation of safety-related information in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) by frequently obstructing the LOS link between the source and receivers. Obstructing effect of vehicles will diminish the effective coverage of broadcast as part of vehicles can not decode the broadcast successfully and incur severe impact on road safety. However, this impact has not been addressed by existing protocols. In this paper, we first present the definition of broadcast efficiency (BE) as the metric for measuring the obstructing effect and conclude the optimization issue of propagation. We further propose a distributed algorithm for mitigating this impact that can be embedded in VANETs. This algorithm maximizes the effective coverage of the broadcast of safety-related information and meanwhile satisfies the constraints on both link state and delay by selecting relay according to BE and referential propagation distance. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm promotes the efficiency of propagation in dynamic multilane VANETs with varying vehicular distribution.