gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lincheck: A Practical Framework for Testing Concurrent Data Structures on JVM (2023)

Lincheck is a new practical and user-friendly framework for testing concurrent data structures on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). It provides a simple and declarative way to write concurrent tests. Instead of describing how to perform the test, users specify what to test by declaring all the operations to examine; the framework automatically handles the rest. As a result, tests written with Lincheck are concise and easy to understand. The artifact presents a collection of Lincheck tests that discover new bugs in popular libraries and implementations from the concurrency literature -- they are listed in Table 1, Section 3. To evaluate the performance of Lincheck analysis, the collection of tests also includes those which check correct data structures and, thus, always succeed. Similarly to Table 2, Section 3, the experiments demonstrate the reasonable time to perform a test. Finally, Lincheck provides user-friendly output with an easy-to-follow trace to reproduce a detected error, significantly simplifying further investigation.
Phase Transformations and Deoxidation Kinetics during the Electrochemical Reduction of TiO<sub>2</sub> in Molten CaCl<sub>2</sub> (2019)

There are still some different understandings about deoxidization process from TiO 2 to Ti by FFC Cambridge process. Herein, an investigation was carried out on the phase transformations and deoxidation kinetics of the electrochemical reduction of TiO 2 to Ti in molten CaCl 2 . The reaction goes through four different stages involving several phase transformations. The first stage is the deoxidation of TiO 2 with the formation of CaO and CaTiO 3 . At this stage, Cl 2 is forcibly released from the anode because of the consumption of Ca 2+ on the cathode, balanced with Cl at the anode. The second stage is the deoxidation of CaTiO 3 and titanium suboxides. These two stages take 45% of the entire deoxidation time from TiO 2 to Ti [O] . The third stage is the deoxidation of titanium suboxides. This stage takes about 55% of the total time. The final stage is further deoxidation of TiO solid solution by electrochemical reduction or by calcium thermal reduction. There are no obvious kinetic barriers in the formation of CaTiO 3 , but the rate of deoxidation of titanium suboxides and CaTiO 3 is relatively slow. Therefore, the limiting step from TiO 2 to Ti by the FFC process in molten CaCl 2 is deoxidation of titanium oxides and the interphase of CaTiO 3 .
Acellular Dermal Matrix for Reoperative Breast Augmentation (2014)

Revisionary breast surgery in previously augmented patients is complex, with many variables that have to be considered. Obtaining durable repairs is challenging because these patients often present with thinned breast tissue, inadequate local tissue, and/or scarred breast envelope from multiple procedures. Capsular contracture, ptosis, tissue atrophy, and wrinkling/rippling are some of the most frequent reasons for reoperation. Conventional repair techniques generally involve a combination of capsule modification (capsular flaps), site change, mastopexy, and implant exchange. Recently, acellular dermal matrices have been introduced into revision surgery to reinforce soft tissue, reinforce the implant pocket, and potentially mitigate capsular contracture. Clinical outcomes of acellular dermal matrix-assisted revision surgery are reviewed from the published literature to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acellular dermal matrices for this indication.
Superposition effect is a “local” phenomenon when we investigate the processes behind release of photo electrons (2014)

The “locality” of superposition effect becomes evident when one explicitly models the light-matter stimulation and energy exchange processes using basic QM recipe of taking square modulus of simultaneous dipolar stimulations of the detecting molecules by all waves.
A fast method to simulate travelling waves in nonhomogeneous chemical or biological media (2001)

Waves in excitable media can be treated by a simple geometric theory. The propagation velocity is assumed known and evolution of wave fronts is determined by elementary physical principles (Fermat's principle, Huygens' principle). Based on this geometric theory a fast computational method is developed. By this method the distorting effect of the spatial grid is avoided. The method is applied to the cases when a circular obstacle is surrounded by a homogeneous and heterogeneous medium, respectively. The numerical simulations show that the method is convenient, fast and reliable.
Subspace-Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios (2010)

Accurate and efficient spectrum sensing is critical in providing the cognitive radios with radio environmental awareness in order to improve the efficiency of spectrum utilization. Since narrowband sensing techniques only concentrate on one band at a time with prefixed band locations and bandwidth, wideband sensing is relatively more efficient. Considering the adverse effects of shadowing and multipath fading, in this paper, a cooperative wideband spectrum sensing algorithm based on the subspace method is proposed to detect the presence of a number of primary users in the band of interest. Specifically based on the collected samples of the received signals over multiple antennas, each secondary user estimates the number of primary user signals and their carrier frequencies using the subspace method. Before fusing all local estimates, the fusion center needs to determine which estimates belong to which primary users. The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> -means algorithm built on the minimum description length principle is proposed for the data association problem, which can further eliminate false alarms. A linear unbiased estimator is proposed for data fusion and it reduces to a weighted sum of local estimates that belong to the same primary user. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in detecting the correct number of primary users and estimating their carrier frequencies.
Adaptive Support and Pressure Support Ventilation Behavior in Response to Increased Ventilatory Demand (2009)

ASV and PSV behaved differently but ended up with similar pressure level facing acute changes in ventilatory demand, by contrast to APV (a simple volume-guaranteed pressure-control mode), in which an increase in ventilatory demand results in a decrease in the pressure support provided by the ventilator.
Statistics of Polarization-Induced Loss Ripples (2006)

The interaction of polarization mode dispersion and polarization dependent loss is shown to cause significant loss ripples (LRs) over the signal bandwidth. Polarization-induced LR is a random process; an analytical expression for its probability density function is found, and expressions for its cumulative density function and outage values are derived. Finally, the impact on system design of time varying LR is discussed in the light of the joint statistics of LR and differential group delay (DGD) and of LR and differential attenuation slope. The authors find that this effect cannot be neglected and should be accounted for within the filter cascade budget and that margin trade is possible as simultaneous occurrence of large DGD and large LR events is unlikely
Evaluation of Biofilm Development on Various Natural and Synthetic Media (1990)

Thin film biological treatment systems are attracting increased interest as the need for more cost-effective methods for destruction or detoxification of hazardous organic wastes becomes more evident. The nature and extent of microbial coverage on the solid supports involved in such systems have thus far been matters of speculation. This study discusses an evaluation of the relative tendencies of microorganisms to colonize the surfaces of different types of natural and synthetic media under a variety of conditions. The media investigated were exposed to organic wastes in controlled laboratory experiments and examined using scanning electron microscopy for extent of biogrowth. The observations suggest that both the adsorption properties and surface texture of a solid affect biofilm development. Activated carbon, which is highly adsorbent and offers a relatively rough surface, supported significantly more biomass than did a synthetic carbonaceous adsorbent, an anion-exchange resin, a natural sand, or glass beads. Surface coverage was non-uniform and incomplete for all media, with a maximum observed coverage of approximately 50% for the activated carbon.
Associations between Fungal Species and Water-Damaged Building Materials (2011)

Fungal growth in damp or water-damaged buildings worldwide is an increasing problem, which has adverse effects on both the occupants and the buildings. Air sampling alone in moldy buildings does not reveal the full diversity of fungal species growing on building materials. One aim of this study was to estimate the qualitative and quantitative diversity of fungi growing on damp or water-damaged building materials. Another was to determine if associations exist between the most commonly found fungal species and different types of materials. More than 5,300 surface samples were taken by means of V8 contact plates from materials with visible fungal growth. Fungal identifications and information on building material components were analyzed using multivariate statistic methods to determine associations between fungi and material components. The results confirmed that Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus versicolor are the most common fungal species in water-damaged buildings. The results also showed Chaetomium spp., Acremonium spp., and Ulocladium spp. to be very common on damp building materials. Analyses show that associated mycobiotas exist on different building materials. Associations were found between (i) Acremonium spp., Penicillium chrysogenum, Stachybotrys spp., Ulocladium spp., and gypsum and wallpaper, (ii) Arthrinium phaeospermum, Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium herbarum, Trichoderma spp., yeasts, and different types of wood and plywood, and (iii) Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, Chaetomium spp., Mucor racemosus, Mucor spinosus, and concrete and other floor-related materials. These results can be used to develop new and resistant building materials and relevant allergen extracts and to help focus research on relevant mycotoxins, microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs), and microparticles released into the indoor environment.
IL-18 Enhances Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Recruiting Neutrophils Via TNF-α and Leukotriene B4 (2003)

IL-18 expression and functional activity have been associated with a range of autoimmune diseases. However, the precise mechanism by which IL-18 induces such pathology remains unclear. In this study we provide direct evidence that IL-18 activates neutrophils via TNF-alpha induction, which drives the production of leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), which in turn leads to neutrophil accumulation and subsequent local inflammation. rIL-18 administered i.p. resulted in the local synthesis of LTB(4) and a rapid influx of neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity, which could be effectively blocked by the LTB(4) synthesis inhibitor MK-886 (MK) or its receptor antagonist CP-105,696. IL-18-induced neutrophils recruitment and LTB(4) production could also be blocked by a neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha Ab. In addition, IL-18 failed to induce neutrophil accumulation in vivo in TNFRp55(-/-) mice. In an IL-18-dependent murine collagen-induced arthritis model, administration of MK significantly inhibited disease severity and reduced articular inflammation and joint destruction. Furthermore, MK-886-treated mice also displayed suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production in response to type II collagen in vitro. Finally, we showed that IL-18-activated human peripheral blood neutrophils produced significant amounts of LTB(4) that were effectively blocked by the MK. Together, these findings provide a novel mechanism whereby IL-18 can promote inflammatory diseases.
Laser streak velocimetry for two-dimensional flows in gases (1977)

Abstract : A new velocity measuring technique, laser streak velocimetry (LSV), was developed for two-dimensional flows in gases. A high power argon ion laser beam was formed into a thin sheet of light to illuminate a two-dimensional plane in the flow around a body. Ten micron sized particles were introduced into the flow, and photographs were taken of the particles as they traversed the light sheet. The length of the streak made by each particle on the photograph was a measure of its velocity since the camera shutter speed was known. The velocity profile in the boundary layer of a flat plate was measured and found to agree within 4% of the theoretical value. Low Reynolds number flow around a circular cylinder was measured, and velocities in the wake were found in close agreement with theory and with previous measurements. A velocity mapping of the non-steady vortex shedding of a Karman vortex street was also made. The flow around a delta wing was analyzed due to current interest in low speed separation. The velocities above the surface of a 60 deg delta wing were measured by LSV, and results were compared to theory. The flow was found to be non-conical, contrary to the assumption of most analytical treatments. Future developments of the laser streak velocimeter were discussed. (Author)
Functionalized Conjugated Polyelectrolytes for Biological Sensing and Imaging (2016)

Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) are macromolecules with highly delocalized π-conjugated backbones and charged side chains, which are unique types of active materials, with wide applications in optoelectronics, sensing, imaging, and therapy. By attaching specific groups (e.g., recognition elements, magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents, gene carriers, and drugs) to the side chain or backbone of CPEs, functionalized CPEs have been developed and used for specific biological applications. In this account, we summarize the recent progress of functionalized CPEs with respect to their synthesis and biomedical applications. Future perspectives are also discussed at the end.
Rapid microscale in-gel processing and digestion of proteins using surface acoustic waves (2010)

A new method for in-gel sample processing and tryptic digestion of proteins is described. Sample preparation, rehydration, in situ digestion and peptide extraction from gel slices are dramatically accelerated by treating the gel slice with surface acoustic waves (SAWs). Only 30 minutes total workflow time is required for this new method to produce base peak chromatograms (BPCs) of similar coverage and intensity to those observed for traditional processing and overnight digestion. Simple set up, good reproducibility, excellent peptide recoveries, rapid turnover of samples and high confidence protein identifications put this technology at the fore-front of the next generation of proteomics sample processing tools.
Progressive specific hydrogen rearrangements quenched by molecular ion fragmentation in 2-methylpropene. Mass spectral serendipity (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProgressive specific hydrogen rearrangements quenched by molecular ion fragmentation in 2-methylpropene. Mass spectral serendipityP. J. Derrick and A. L. BurlingameCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 15, 4909–4917Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00822a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00822a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc—Zinc Bonded Decamethyldizincocene Zn2(η5—C5Me5)2 as Catalyst for the Inter‐ and Intramolecular Hydroamination Reaction. (2011)

Abstract Various examples of intermolecular as well as intramolecular hydroaminations promoted by the title catalyst are presented.
Thermotropic behavior of mixed phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylglycerol vesicles reconstituted with the matrix protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermotropic behavior of mixed phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylglycerol vesicles reconstituted with the matrix protein of vesicular stomatitis virusJon R. Wiener, Robert R. Wagner, and Ernesto FreireCite this: Biochemistry 1983, 22, 26, 6117–6123Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00295a012https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00295a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation and Electrochemical Behavior of an Amorphous Co–Mo Coating with a High Content of Mo (2022)

At present, alloy materials are being widely used as wear-resistant coatings due to good mechanical properties. In this paper, electrodeposition was used to prepare a Co–Mo coating. The influence of parameters on the phase, morphology, composition, and property of the coating has been studied, and the electrochemical mechanism has been deeply studied. The study of process parameters found that when the concentration of Na2Mo4 is 0.05 mol/L, the concentration of C6H5Na3O7 is 0.15 mol/L, the pH of the solution is 7, and the temperature is 50 °C, the content of Mo in a Co–Mo coating is 39.56%, and the microhardness reaches the maximum value of 503 HV. The study of electrochemical behavior found that the optimization of process parameters bringsa positive shift in the reduction potential, an increase in the exchange current density, and a decrease in charge transfer impedance. The microhardness of a Co–Mo coating prepared with the leaching solution of Mo-containing waste after component control of the plating solution is 483.6 HV, which is valuable to the high-value recycling of Mo secondary resources.
Potential central nervous system active agents. 4. Synthesis of N-isobutylbenzamides (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential central nervous system active agents. 4. Synthesis of N-isobutylbenzamidesVincent C. Agwada and Peter BeakCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1984, 29, 2, 235–237Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00036a041https://doi.org/10.1021/je00036a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel architecture for converting single 2D image into 3D effect image (2005)

A novel 2D to 3D effect image conversion architecture integrated image segmentation system and depth estimation is presented. Its objective is to describe the technique used to generate stereo pair images starting from a single image source (a view-point) and its related depth map. The conjunction between segmented image and depth map allows reconstructing artificially the binocular view producing a 3D effect depending on screen dimension and image resolution. The system consists of an online ICA mixture model that performs image segmentation and depth estimation method to obtain the depth information of image. The proposed system is capable of performing automatic multilevel segmentation of images, based on depth information obtained by the image depth estimation method. The system does not reconstruct the real 3D coordinates of any object inside the scene, but simply assigns the most comfortable shift to the source points to give a 3D-entertainment to the viewer. A simple smoothing filtering technique adaptively resolves the occlusions generated by shifting of the source points without introducing visible and/or annoying artifacts.
Reconfigurable computing and electronic nanotechnology (2004)

We examine the opportunities brought about by recent progress in electronic nanotechnology and describe the methods needed to harness them for building a new computer architecture. In this process we decompose some traditional abstractions, such as the transistor, into fine-grain pieces, such as signal restoration and input-output isolation. We also show how we can forgo the extreme reliability of CMOS circuits for low-cost chemical self-assembly at the expense of large manufacturing defect densities. We discuss advanced testing methods that can be used to recover perfect functionality from unreliable parts. We proceed to show how the molecular switch, the regularity of the circuits created by self-assembly and the high defect densities logically require the use of reconfigurable hardware as a basic building block for hardware design. We then capitalize on the convergence of compilation and hardware synthesis (which takes place when programming reconfigurable hardware) to propose the complete elimination of the instruction-set architecture from the system architecture, and the synthesis of asynchronous dataflow machines directly from high-level programming languages, such as C. We discuss in some detail a scalable compilation system that performs this task.