gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extremely Broadband Topological Surface States in a Photonic Topological Metamaterial (2019)

Abstract Metamaterials, artificially engineered materials consisting of subwavelength unit cells, have shown potentials in light manipulation with their extraordinary optical properties. Especially, photonic topological metamaterials possessing topologically protected surface states enable extremely robust control of light. Here, an extremely broadband topological phase in photonic topological metamaterials is demonstrated. In particular, topological surface states are observed for all the frequencies below a certain cut‐off, originating from a double Weyl point at zero frequency. The extreme bandwidth and robustness of the photonic topological metamaterial are beneficial for practical applications such as one‐way waveguide and photonic integrated systems but also advantageous in design and fabrication since the only necessary condition is to satisfy the effective hyperbolic and chiral properties, without entailing strict periodic arrangement.
Reversible Total Ionizing Dose Effects in NiO/Ga2O3 Heterojunction Rectifiers (2023)

NiO/Ga 2 O 3 heterojunction rectifiers were exposed to 1Mrad fluences of Co-60 g-rays either with or without reverse biases. While there is small component of Compton electrons (600 keV), generated via the interaction of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV gamma-photons with the semiconductor, which in turn can lead to displacement damage, most of the energy is lost to ionization. The effect of the exposure to radiation is a 1000x reduction in forward current and 100x increase in reverse current in the rectifiers, which is independent of whether the devices were biased during this step. The on-off ratio is also reduced by almost 5 orders of magnitude. There is a slight reduction in carrier concentration in the Ga 2 O 3 drift region, with an effective carrier removal rate of &lt; 4 cm -1 . The changes in electrical characteristics are reversible by application of short forward current pulses during repeated measurement of the current-voltage characteristics at room temperature. There are no permanent total ionizing dose effects present in the rectifiers to 1 Mad fluences, which along with their resistance to displacement damage effects indicate these devices may be well-suited to harsh terrestrial and space radiation applications if appropriate bias sequences are implemented to reverse the radiation-induced changes.
Estimating economic benefits of electricity storage at the end consumer level (2009)

The underlying question of this research work is whether small, distributed storage devices on the electricity grid can help to lower the average electricity cost and foster the integration of renewable energy sources. This article addresses the question whether it is economically beneficial to install such storage capacity. The article presents two models that estimate the economic benefits from using electrical storage devices for arbitrage accommodation at an end consumer level and assumes flexible electricity tariffs. The models reveal a saving potential between 9% and 15% on total cost, based on technical specifications of storage devices in a developmental stage.
Directional-coupler-based planar concentrator networks (1990)

Optical networks, with concentration, composed of directional couplers are studied. We propose a modification of N-stage planar networks. The appropriate procedure to obtain concentration in such networks is given and savings in directional couplers and switching stages are discussed.
The Development of Product Archaeology as a Platform for Contextualizing Engineering Design (2020)

Our long-term objective is to institutionalize and sustain contextual engineering education through product archaeology. Many engineering departments struggle to meet "the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context" (Outcome h) that is required for ABET. As a result, engineering students receive meaningful contextual experiences in piecemeal fashion and graduate with a lack of concrete competencies that bridge knowledge and practice in the global world in which they will live and work. By considering products as designed artifacts with a history rooted in their development, our product archaeology framework combines concepts from archaeology with advances in cyber-enhanced product dissection to implement pedagogical innovations that address the significant educational gap. In this paper, we focus on developing a sustainable and scalable foundation to support novel approaches aimed at educating engineering students to understand the global, economic, environmental, and societal context and impact of engineering solutions. We present our vision for this contextual development and present some initial results from the network of institutions in our NSF TUES-funded project.
Lectindb: a plant lectin database (2006)

Lectins, a class of carbohydrate-binding proteins, are now widely recognized to play a range of crucial roles in many cell-cell recognition events triggering several important cellular processes. They encompass different members that are diverse in their sequences, structures, binding site architectures, quaternary structures, carbohydrate affinities, and specificities as well as their larger biological roles and potential applications. It is not surprising, therefore, that the vast amount of experimental data on lectins available in the literature is so diverse, that it becomes difficult and time consuming, if not impossible to comprehend the advances in various areas and obtain the maximum benefit. To achieve an effective use of all the data toward understanding the function and their possible applications, an organization of these seemingly independent data into a common framework is essential. An integrated knowledge base ( Lectindb, http://nscdb.bic.physics.iisc.ernet.in ) together with appropriate analytical tools has therefore been developed initially for plant lectins by collating and integrating diverse data. The database has been implemented using MySQL on a Linux platform and web-enabled using PERL-CGI and Java tools. Data for each lectin pertain to taxonomic, biochemical, domain architecture, molecular sequence, and structural details as well as carbohydrate and hence blood group specificities. Extensive links have also been provided for relevant bioinformatics resources and analytical tools. Availability of diverse data integrated into a common framework is expected to be of high value not only for basic studies in lectin biology but also for basic studies in pursuing several applications in biotechnology, immunology, and clinical practice, using these molecules.
End-to-end service availability support: Theory and application (2010)

To ensure that Alcatel-Lucent solutions deliver the end-to-end service availability and quality expected by service providers, new capabilities are required to model, measure, and evaluate the robustness and effectiveness of the solutions over their lifecycles. This paper describes the implementation of a proactive end-to-end service availability support platform that meets the needs above for network technologies and services such as IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) and Internet Protocol television (IPTV). Key innovations include a model that predicts end-to-end service availability across an entire solution, near-real time secure collection and centralization of all available network and service data, and a data model that derives the critical end-to-end service availability metrics from this data. These three elements were combined and implemented. The platform enables operations staff to receive early warning indications of impending issues with each service. It also helps technical assistance centers to rapidly troubleshoot critical problems. We present lessons learned from practical application of these methods to IPTV solutions.
Successful control of Cushing's disease in the elderly with long term metyrapone (1986)

A 77-year old woman with pituitary-driven Cushing's disease is described. The condition was completely controlled on long-term treatment with metyrapone.
Reactivity of an N-heterocyclic silylene with a 1,1′-ferrocenediyl backbone towards carbonyl compounds, including carbon suboxide (2021)

Reactions of a silylene with a ketene and with carbon suboxide are reported, respectively leading to the first silaallene oxide and to a silylketene, whose reaction with water affords the first structurally characterised stable methyleneketene and constitutes a unique type of single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation of a molecular solid by a stoichiometric gas-solid chemical reaction.
Learning Complex Boolean Functions: Algorithms and Applications (1993)

The most commonly used neural network models are not well suited to direct digital implementations because each node needs to perform a large number of operations between floating point values. Fortunately, the ability to learn from examples and to generalize is not restricted to networks of this type. Indeed, networks where each node implements a simple Boolean function (Boolean networks) can be designed in such a way as to exhibit similar properties. Two algorithms that generate Boolean networks from examples are presented. The results show that these algorithms generalize very well in a class of problems that accept compact Boolean network descriptions. The techniques described are general and can be applied to tasks that are not known to have that characteristic. Two examples of applications are presented: image reconstruction and hand-written character recognition. 1 Introduction The main objective of this research is the design of algorithms for empirical learning that generate ...
Changes in Lipoproteins Associated With Methotrexate Therapy or Combination Therapy in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From the Treatment of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial (2013)

Levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol increased comparably shortly after initiation of MTX plus etanercept, triple therapy, and MTX monotherapy among patients with early RA with active disease participating in a clinical trial. The clinical relevance of short-term changes in traditional lipids on cardiovascular outcomes remains to be determined.
%22Trojan Horse%22 strategy for deconstruction of biomass for biofuels production. (2011)

Production of renewable biofuels to displace fossil fuels currently consumed in the transportation sector is a pressing multiagency national priority (DOE/USDA/EERE). Currently, nearly all fuel ethanol is produced from corn-derived starch. Dedicated 'energy crops' and agricultural waste are preferred long-term solutions for renewable, cheap, and globally available biofuels as they avoid some of the market pressures and secondary greenhouse gas emission challenges currently facing corn ethanol. These sources of lignocellulosic biomass are converted to fermentable sugars using a variety of chemical and thermochemical pretreatments, which disrupt cellulose and lignin cross-links, allowing exogenously added recombinant microbial enzymes to more efficiently hydrolyze the cellulose for 'deconstruction' into glucose. This process is plagued with inefficiencies, primarily due to the recalcitrance of cellulosic biomass, mass transfer issues during deconstruction, and low activity of recombinant deconstruction enzymes. Costs are also high due to the requirement for enzymes and reagents, and energy-intensive cumbersome pretreatment steps. One potential solution to these problems is found in synthetic biology-engineered plants that self-produce a suite of cellulase enzymes. Deconstruction can then be integrated into a one-step process, thereby increasing efficiency (cellulose-cellulase mass-transfer rates) and reducing costs. The unique aspects of our approach are the rationally engineered enzymes which become Trojan horses during pretreatment conditions. During this study we rationally engineered Cazy enzymes and then integrated them into plant cells by multiple transformation techniques. The regenerated plants were assayed for first expression of these messages and then for the resulting proteins. The plants were then subjected to consolidated bioprocessing and characterized in detail. Our results and possible implications of this work on developing dedicated energy crops and their advantage in a consolidated bioprocessing system.
Host–guest interactions template: the synthesis of a [3]catenane (2004)

Formation of a [3]catenane containing dibenzo-24-crown ether wheels and a large dipyridiniumethane ring is templated by formation of a host-guest adduct between the [3]catenane and the external crown ether.
Effects of side-dominance on knee joint proprioceptive target-matching asymmetries (2018)

In conclusion, right-side-dominant participants tend to perform a target-matching task more accurately with the non-dominant leg compared to left-side-dominant participants. Our results extend the literature by showing that right-hemisphere specialization under proprioceptive target-matching tasks may be not evident at the lower limb joints.
Vascular adhesion molecules and initial development of inflammation in clinically healthy human keratinized mucosa around teeth and osseointegrated implants (1994)

Expression of vascular cell adhesion molecules (HEV-CAMs) by capillary loops represents an early step necessary for leukocyte extravasation and subsequent migration to sites of inflammation. The purpose of this investigation was to compare, the presence and distribution of ICAM-1, ELAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 expression in the microvasculature of healthy gingiva and peri-implant keratinized mucosa. The selected HEV-CAMs were detected by a three stage immunoperoxidase technique in serial sections from clinically characterized sites. Biopsies were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. All biopsies displayed a small inflammatory infiltrate subjacent to the most coronal extension of the junctional epithelium. HEV-CAMs were expressed both in the sulcular and oral aspects of biopsies. Intensity of ICAM-1, ELAM-1 and VCAM-1 staining, however, was consistently higher in the region of the infiltrated connective tissue subjacent to the most coronal extension of the junctional epithelium. Only a fraction of microvascular loops were positive for ICAM-1, ELAM-1 or VCAM-1 when compared to the constitutively expressed PECAM-1. No significant differences were observed between gingiva and keratinized peri-implant mucosa. It was concluded that in healthy gingiva or peri-implant mucosa 1. HEV-CAM expressing capillary loops were in close topographic association with the inflammatory infiltrate; 2. only a fraction of capillary loops are activated to express ICAM-1, ELAM-1 and VCAM-1 at any given time; and 3. HEV-CAM expression in the periodontium may be influenced by local factors.
Lower hybrid and other temperature anisotropy instabilities (1975)

We have found a new instability for a Maxwellian plasma immersed in a uniform magnetic field with frequency near the lower-hybrid frequency. For zero perpendicular temperature and equal ion and electron temperatures, the mode is unstable for $\ensuremath{\beta}=\frac{4\ensuremath{\pi}\mathrm{nT}}{{B}^{2}}&gt;0.549$ with maximum growth for almost perpendicular propagation. This instability is in addition to the usual "hose" instability for parallel propagation and the two modes with zero real part (the ion mode of Forslund and our recent electron mode), both of which grow fastest for almost perpendicular propagation.
Sub-reflector extensions for reduced noise temperature in low-side sub-reflector offset Gregorian systems (2012)

This paper describes a simple and low cost method to improve the noise performance of low-noise offset Gregorian antenna systems using a low-side sub-reflector mount configuration. A low-side mount has some logistical and maintenance advantages over the high-side counterpart, since the feed can be accessed without the need for a crane. A simple extension to the bottom of the sub-reflector is proposed which is shown to improve the antenna noise performance over that of the standard high-side mount configuration.
Optical-to-Tactile Image Conversion for the Blind (1970)

This paper describes two optical-to-tactile imageconversion systems being developed for the blind. The first is a reading aid in which an area on the printed page about the size of a letterspace is translated into a corresponding vibratory tactile image. The tactile image is produced by a 24-by-6 array of pins driven by piezoelectric bimorphs. The array of 144 pins fits on the distal and a portion of the middle phalanges of one finger. The piezoelectric bimorphs cause the pins to impact the skin in a nonlinear manner. Precise measurements on this bimorph-finger system are given. These measurements also show that shades of "grey" can be displayed by sequentially varying the threshold level. Three experiments conducted with the reading aid involved measurement of legibility, reading rate, and the effect of field of view. Legibility in the 92-98 percent range was obtained at the design magnification. A reading rate of 50 words per minute was achieved with one subject after roughly 160 hours of practice. Three other subjects achieved reading rates of over 10 words per minute after about 40 hours of practice. Reading rate increased markedly as the number of columns in the array was varied from one to six. The second optical-to-tactile image-conversion system is merely an extension of the first to permit information to be acquired from the environment. In fact, ultimately only one system with two sets of optics, one appropriate for the printed page and one appropriate for environment sensing, would be used.
EGR1 Addiction in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (2021)

Early growth response gene (EGR1) is a transcription factor known to be a downstream effector of B-cell receptor signaling and Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) signaling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). While EGR1 is characterized as a tumor suppressor in leukemia and multiple myeloma, the role of EGR1 in lymphoma is unknown. Here we demonstrate that EGR1 is a potential oncogene that promotes cell proliferation in DLBCL. IHC analysis revealed that EGR1 expression is elevated in DLBCL compared with normal lymphoid tissues and the level of EGR1 expression is higher in activated B cell-like subtype (ABC) than germinal center B cell-like subtype (GCB). EGR1 expression is required for the survival and proliferation of DLBCL cells. Genomic analyses demonstrated that EGR1 upregulates expression of MYC and E2F pathway genes through the CBP/p300/H3K27ac/BRD4 axis while repressing expression of the type I IFN pathway genes by interaction with the corepressor NAB2. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of EGR1 synergizes with the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 or the type I IFN inducer lenalidomide in growth inhibition of ABC DLBCL both in cell cultures and xenograft mouse models. Therefore, targeting oncogenic EGR1 signaling represents a potential new targeted therapeutic strategy in DLBCL, especially for the more aggressive ABC DLBCL. IMPLICATIONS: The study characterizes EGR1 as a potential oncogene that promotes cell proliferation and defines EGR1 as a new molecular target in DLBCL, the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Relation of heart rate to percentV˙o 2 peak during submaximal exercise in the heat (2003)

We tested the hypothesis that elevation in heart rate (HR) during submaximal exercise in the heat is related, in part, to increased percentage of maximal O(2) uptake (%Vo(2 max)) utilized due to reduced maximal O(2) uptake (Vo(2 max)) measured after exercise under the same thermal conditions. Peak O(2) uptake (Vo(2 peak)), O(2) uptake, and HR during submaximal exercise were measured in 22 male and female runners under four environmental conditions designed to manipulate HR during submaximal exercise and Vo(2 peak). The conditions involved walking for 20 min at approximately 33% of control Vo(2 max) in 25, 35, 40, and 45 degrees C followed immediately by measurement of Vo(2 peak) in the same thermal environment. Vo(2 peak) decreased progressively (3.77 +/- 0.19, 3.61 +/- 0.18, 3.44 +/- 0.17, and 3.13 +/- 0.16 l/min) and HR at the end of the submaximal exercise increased progressively (107 +/- 2, 112 +/- 2, 120 +/- 2, and 137 +/- 2 beats/min) with increasing ambient temperature (T(a)). HR and %Vo(2 peak) increased in an identical fashion with increasing T(a). We conclude that elevation in HR during submaximal exercise in the heat is related, in part, to the increase in %Vo(2 peak) utilized, which is caused by reduced Vo(2 peak) measured during exercise in the heat. At high T(a), the dissociation of HR from %Vo(2 peak) measured after sustained submaximal exercise is less than if Vo(2 max) is assumed to be unchanged during exercise in the heat.
Epidemic mitigation by statistical inference from contact tracing data (2021)

Contact tracing is an essential tool to mitigate the impact of a pandemic, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to achieve efficient and scalable contact tracing in real time, digital devices can play an important role. While a lot of attention has been paid to analyzing the privacy and ethical risks of the associated mobile applications, so far much less research has been devoted to optimizing their performance and assessing their impact on the mitigation of the epidemic. We develop Bayesian inference methods to estimate the risk that an individual is infected. This inference is based on the list of his recent contacts and their own risk levels, as well as personal information such as results of tests or presence of syndromes. We propose to use probabilistic risk estimation to optimize testing and quarantining strategies for the control of an epidemic. Our results show that in some range of epidemic spreading (typically when the manual tracing of all contacts of infected people becomes practically impossible but before the fraction of infected people reaches the scale where a lockdown becomes unavoidable), this inference of individuals at risk could be an efficient way to mitigate the epidemic. Our approaches translate into fully distributed algorithms that only require communication between individuals who have recently been in contact. Such communication may be encrypted and anonymized, and thus, it is compatible with privacy-preserving standards. We conclude that probabilistic risk estimation is capable of enhancing the performance of digital contact tracing and should be considered in the mobile applications.
Longitudinal two-photon imaging in somatosensory cortex of behaving mice reveals dendritic spine formation enhancement by subchronic administration of low-dose ketamine (2018)

Ketamine, a well-known anesthetic, has recently attracted renewed attention as a fast-acting antidepressant. A single dose of ketamine induces rapid synaptogenesis, which may underlie its antidepressant effect. To test whether repeated exposure to ketamine triggers sustained synaptogenesis, we administered a sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine (10 mg/kg i.p.) once-daily for 5 days, and repeatedly imaged dendritic spines of the YFP-expressing pyramidal neurons in somatosensory cortex of awake female mice using in vivo two-photon microscopy. We found that the spine formation rate became significantly higher at 72-132 h after the first ketamine injection (but not at 6-24 h), while the rate of elimination of pre-existing spines remained unchanged. In contrast to the net gain of spines observed in ketamine-treated mice, the vehicle-injected control mice exhibited a net loss typical for young-adult animals undergoing synapse pruning. Ketamine-induced spinogenesis was correlated with increased PSD-95 and phosphorylated actin, consistent with formation of new synapses. Moreover, structural synaptic plasticity caused by ketamine was paralleled by a significant improvement in the nest building behavioral assay. Taken together, our data show that subchronic low-dose ketamine induces a sustained shift towards spine formation.