gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insights into lignin primary structure and deconstruction from Arabidopsis thaliana COMT (caffeic acid O-methyl transferase) mutant Atomt1 (2010)

The Arabidopsis mutant Atomt1 lignin differs from native lignin in wild type plants, in terms of sinapyl (S) alcohol-derived substructures in fiber cell walls being substituted by 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol (5OHG)-derived moieties. During programmed lignin assembly, these engender formation of benzodioxane substructures due to intramolecular cyclization of their quinone methides that are transiently formed following 8-O-4′ radical-radical coupling. Thioacidolytic cleavage of the 8-O-4′ inter-unit linkages in the Atomt1 mutant, relative to the wild type, indicated that cleavable sinapyl (S) and coniferyl (G) alcohol-derived monomeric moieties were stoichiometrically reduced by a circa 2 : 1 ratio. Additionally, lignin degradative analysis resulted in release of a 5OHG–5OHG–G trimer from the Atomt1 mutant, which then underwent further cleavage. Significantly, the trimeric moiety released provides new insight into lignin primary structure: during polymer assembly, the first 5OHG moiety is linked via a C8–O–X inter-unit linkage, whereas subsequent addition of monomers apparently involves sequential addition of 5OHG and G moieties to the growing chain in a 2 : 1 overall stoichiometry. This quantification data thus provides further insight into how inter-unit linkage frequencies in native lignins are apparently conserved (or near conserved) during assembly in both instances, as well as providing additional impetus to resolve how the overall question of lignin macromolecular assembly is controlled in terms of both type of monomer addition and primary sequence.
Mach stem formation in explosion systems, which include high modulus elastic elements (2011)

Results of experimental and numerical research of the Mach stem formation in explosion systems, which include high modulus elastic elements, are presented. The experimental data are discussed, and the analysis using ANSYS AUTODYN 11.0 is provided. It is shown that the phenomenon is reproduced for various high explosives. The Mach stem formation is observed in the conditions close to critical conditions of detonation transfer from an active to a passive HE charge. The best conditions for the Mach stem formation have been observed for TG-40/60 (Russian analog of Composition B) with silicon carbide insert heights of 16.5 mm, 18 mm, and 19.5 mm. The physical reason of the phenomenon is the propagation of a convergent detonation wave into highly compressed HE. The phenomenon is reproduced in numerical simulation with ANSYS AUTODYN 11.0. Calculated maximum value of pressure on the symmetry axis of passive HE charge was up to 1.25 Mbar. Results of metallographic analysis of steel identification specimen on the rear end of the passive HE charge indirectly confirm very high local pressures and temperatures for this scheme of explosion loading.
Human gaze tracking in 3D space with an active multi-camera system (2013)

This paper presents a framework for determining the direction of human gaze with an active multi-camera system. A fixed 3D depth sensor is employed in order to determine the position of the human face in 3D space and its features, like the eyes. Then an active pan-tilt camera is oriented to one of the user's eyes and this way a high precision gaze direction determination is accomplished.
Statistical Dialog Management for Health Interventions (2014)

Research endeavors on spoken dialogue systems in the 1990s and 2000s have led to the deployment of commercial spoken dialogue systems (SDS) in microdomains such as customer service automation, reservation/booking and question answering systems. Recent research in SDS has been focused on the development of applications in different domains (e.g. virtual counseling, personal coaches, social companions) which requires more sophistication than the previous generation of commercial SDS. The focus of this research project is the delivery of behavior change interventions based on the brief intervention counseling style via spoken dialogue systems. Brief interventions (BI) are evidence-based, short, well structured, one-on-one counseling sessions. Many challenges are involved in delivering BIs to people in need, such as finding the time to administer them in busy doctors' offices, obtaining the extra training that helps staff become comfortable providing these interventions, and managing the cost of delivering the interventions. Fortunately, recent developments in spoken dialogue systems make the development of systems that can deliver brief interventions possible. The overall objective of this research is to develop a data-driven, adaptable dialogue system for brief interventions for problematic drinking behavior, based on reinforcement learning methods. The implications of this research project includes, but are not limited to, assessing the feasibility of delivering structured brief health interventions with a data-driven spoken dialogue system. Furthermore, while the experimental system focuses on harmful alcohol drinking as a target behavior in this project, the produced knowledge and experience may also lead to implementation of similarly structured health interventions and assessments other than the alcohol domain (e.g. obesity, drug use, lack of exercise), using statistical machine learning approaches. In addition to designing a dialog system, the semantic and emotional meanings of user utterances have high impact on interaction. To perform domain specific reasoning and recognize concepts in user utterances, a named-entity recognizer and an ontology are designed and evaluated. To understand affective information conveyed through text, lexicons and sentiment analysis module are developed and tested.
Forced Imbibition in Stratified Porous Media (2020)

Imbibition plays a central role in diverse energy, environmental, and industrial processes. In many cases, the medium has multiple parallel strata of different permeabilities; however, how this stratification impacts imbibition is poorly understood. We address this gap in knowledge by directly visualizing forced imbibition in three-dimensional (3D) porous media with two parallel strata. We find that imbibition is spatially heterogeneous: for small capillary number Ca, the wetting fluid preferentially invades the fine stratum, while for Ca above a threshold value, the fluid instead preferentially invades the coarse stratum. This threshold value depends on the medium geometry, the fluid properties, and the presence of residual wetting films in the pore space. These findings are well described by a linear stability analysis that incorporates crossflow between the strata. Thus, our work provides quantitative guidelines for predicting and controlling flow in stratified porous media.
A case study of trace-driven simulation for analyzing interconnection networks: cc-NUMAs with ILP processors (2002)

The evaluation of network performance under real application loads is carried out by detailed time-intensive and resource-intensive simulations. Moreover, the use of ILP (instruction-level parallel) processors in cc-NUMA (cache-coherent non-uniform memory access) architectures introduces non-deterministic memory accesses; the resulting parallel system must be modeled by a detailed execution-driven simulation, further increasing the evaluation cost. This paper introduces a simulation methodology, based on network traces, to estimate the impact that a given network has on the execution time of parallel applications. This methodology allows the study of the network design space with a level of accuracy close to that of execution-driven simulations but with much shorter simulation times. The network trace, extracted from an execution-driven simulation, is processed to substitute the temporal dependencies produced by the simulated network with an estimation of the message dependencies caused by both the application and the applied cache-coherent protocol. This methodology has been tested on two direct networks, with 16 and 64 nodes respectively, running the FFT and Radix applications of the SPLASH2 suite. The trace-driven simulation is 3 to 4 times faster than the execution-driven one, with an average error of 4% in the total execution time.
Dual-Band Hybrid Coupler With Arbitrary Power Division Ratios Over the Two Bands (2014)

For the first time, a patch hybrid coupler that can provide arbitrary power division ratios over two arbitrary frequency bands, is presented in this paper. Complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) are loaded onto each quadrant of a patch hybrid coupler to enable dual-band operation. The unique property of CSRR was found to give different power division ratios over the two frequency bands, which is difficult to implement using conventional approaches. An equivalent circuit has been extracted and used to describe the operating principles, along with the presentation of parametric analysis. To demonstrate the flexibility in realizing arbitrary power division ratios in two different frequency bands, five dual-band patch hybrid couplers are designed, fabricated, and measured. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results consolidates the work proposed.
Anti‐inflammatory Properties of Gastric‐derived Lactobacillus plantarum XB7 in the Context of Helicobacter pylori Infection (2014)

These results suggest that L. plantarum XB7 produces secreted factors capable of modulating inflammation during H. pylori infection, and this probiotic Lactobacillus strain shows promise as an adjunctive therapy for treating H. pylori-associated disease.
Real-time procedural textures (1992)

Article Free Access Share on Real-time procedural textures Authors: John Rhoades View Profile , Greg Turk View Profile , Andrew Bell View Profile , Andrei State View Profile , Ulrich Neumann View Profile , Amitabh Varshney View Profile Authors Info & Claims I3D '92: Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphicsJune 1992 Pages 95–100https://doi.org/10.1145/147156.147171Online:01 June 1992Publication History 17citation972DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations17Total Downloads972Last 12 Months39Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Association study of schizophrenia and the dopamine D3 receptor gene locus in two independent samples (1996)

Using a case-control design, an association of schizophrenia with the dopamine D3 receptor gene (D3RG) locus was investigated. Initial analysis of pooled results from published studies revealed a significant excess of individuals homozygous for either allele among the patients. The association was next tested in two cohorts ascertained independently at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and at Houston, Texas. The Pittsburgh sample was comprised of patients with schizophrenia (DSM-III-R) (n = 130). The controls belonged to two groups: adults screened for the absence of substance abuse or major psychiatric illness (n = 128), and neonates (n = 160). Multivariate analysis suggested an association with allele 1 of the biallelic D3RG polymorphism in comparison with the adult, but not the neonatal, controls. The association was most marked among Caucasian patients with a family history of schizophrenia (odds ratio 13.69, confidence intervals 1.80, 104.30). Survival analysis suggested an earlier age of onset among male patients homozygous for allele 2. The Houston cohort included Caucasian patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (DSM-III-R criteria, n = 50), and normal controls matched for gender (n = 51). In this group, no significant associations were noted among all the patients or among subgroups of patients based on family history or age of onset. Possible reasons for the discordant results are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of Stypodiol (IX) and Epistypodiol (XI). (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of Acoustic Beam Propagation Through High-Grade Stainless Steel Pipes for Improved Pulsed Ultrasound Velocimetry Measurements in Complex Industrial Fluids (2016)

The newly developed Flow-Viz rheometric system is capable of performing detailed non-invasive velocimetry measurements through industrial stainless steel pipes. However, in order to improve the current design for non-invasive measurements in industrial fluids, pulsed ultrasound sensors need to be acoustically characterized. In this paper, acoustic characterization tests were carried out, with the aim of measuring the ultrasound beam propagation through stainless steel (SS316L) pipes and into water. For these tests, a high-precision robotic XYZ-scanner and needle hydrophone setup was used. Several ultrasound sensor configurations were mounted onto stainless steel pipes, while using different coupling media between the transducer-to-wedge and sensor wedge-to-pipe boundaries. The ultrasound beam propagation after the wall interface was measured by using a planar measuring technique along the beam’s focal axis. By using this technique, the output for each test was a 2-D acoustic color map detailing the acoustic intensity of the ultrasound beam. Measured beam properties depicted critical parameters, such as the start distance of the focal zone, focal zone length, Doppler angle, and peak energy within the focal zone. Variations in the measured beam properties were highly dependent on the acoustic couplants used at the different interfaces within the sensor unit. Complete non-invasive Doppler ultrasound sensor technology was for the first time acoustically characterized through industrial grade stainless steel. This information will now be used to further optimize the non-invasive technology for advanced industrial applications.
The effect of cations on the settling and dewatering of activated sludges: Laboratory results (1997)

The effect of cations on the settling and dewatering of activated sludge was investigated using laboratory scale activated sludge reactors. Three parameters were investigated: the effect of the calcium to magnesium ratio; the effect of increasing divalent cation concentrations; and the effect of increasing monovalent cation concentrations. The study showed that the settling and dewatering properties of the activated sludge were dependent on both the concentrations and ratios of cations in the feed. Some activated sludge systems required both calcium and magnesium in the feed while others only required one of these cations for good settling and dewatering properties. A minimum of 0.7–2.0 meq/L each of calcium and magnesium was necessary for acceptable settling and dewatering. Increasing the feed concentrations of calcium and magnesium above this level improved floc strength, settling and dewatering properties and increased the bound protein concentration. The poor settling and dewatering of suspensions receiving low divalent cation concentrations in the feed could also be improved by batch addition of calcium and/or magnesium. However, improvements were greater when an equal concentration of the cation was added to the feed. Addition of the monovalent cation, sodium, to the feed resulted in a deterioration in settling and dewatering properties when the monovalent to divalent cation ratio exceeded approximately 2 to 1, expressed on an equivalent basis. However, the deterioration could be reversed by increasing the calcium and magnesium concentration in the feed which reduced the monovalent to divalent cation ratio below 2 to 1.
Development of Sensorless Force Control System Based on Nonlinear Friction Phenomenon for Electric Injection Molding Machine (2011)

Currently, most of the plastic products are manufactured by using injection molding machines. The quality of the products depends largely on the injection force. In a typical force control system of an injection molding machine, the information about the force in the machine environment is obtained by a force sensor. However, force sensors have a few disadvantages such as signal noise, high sensor cost and narrow bandwidth. We have proposed the use of a reaction force observer based on the two-inertia resonant model. However, this method has some estimated error caused by a static friction in the holding process and a Coulomb friction in the screw back-pressure process. The estimation accuracy of the reaction force observer depends on parameter variations and the non-linear friction phenomenon. This paper proposes a new injection-force-estimation method based on the proposed high-order reaction force observer (HORFO), which is not influenced significantly by the nonlinear friction phenomenon. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by experimental results.
Studies on Lysostaphin (1973)

The bacteriolytic agent lysostaphin has been isolated from the culture supernatant of Staphylococcus epidermidis , NRRL B‐2628 (K‐6‐W1) on the ion‐exchange resin Amberlite IRC‐50. A salt gradient released three enzyme specificities which were further purified to apparent homogeneity. These enzymes, belonging to three different classes, were endo‐β‐ N ‐ acetylglucosaminidase, endopeptidase (glycinase) and N ‐acetylmuramyl‐ l ‐alanine amidase. In contrast to the first two enzymes, the third one was not found to be bacteriolytic per se.
Quantification of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by ion-exchange chromatography with an enzymatically prepared calibrator (1997)

The current HPLC method for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) yields ratios of CDT isoforms in relation to total transferrin, whereas the use of absolute concentrations obtainable in routine analysis by RIA and the reference ranges based here-upon is more convenient. We describe a modified HPLC method that likewise gives absolute CDT concentrations by using a calibrator prepared by treatment of transferrin with neuraminidase. Separation of isoforms could be improved and analysis time reduced to approximately 2 h. Iron saturation proved stable during chromatography. In contrast to a commercial RIA, the cheaper and more time-saving HPLC method excludes erroneous results caused by aged samples or genetic transferrin variants and enables the determination of asialo- and disialotransferrin. Both methods showed comparable precision and correlated with each other (y = 1.76 + 0.27x; Sy[symbol: see text]x = 5.38); for the HPLC method precision was 1.3-9.8% (within assay) and 6.2-10.6% (between assay). The clinical evaluation with a cutoff concentration of 80 mg/L resulted in a diagnostic specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 82.5%.
Sorivudine versus Acyclovir for Treatment of Dermatomal Herpes Zoster in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients: Results from a Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial (1998)

The present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial was designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of sorivudine [1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-E-(2-bromovinyl)uracil] and acyclovir for the treatment of dermatomal herpes zoster in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients. A total of 170 HIV-seropositive adults presenting with herpes zoster (confirmed by direct fluorescent-antigen testing and/or viral culture) were enrolled and randomized to receive a 10-day course of orally administered sorivudine (40 mg once daily plus acyclovir placebos) or acyclovir (800 mg five times daily plus sorivudine placebo). Patients were monitored daily to document the events of cutaneous healing, pain, zoster-related complications, and drug-related adverse events. Patients were reassessed on days 21 and 28 and then once monthly for 1 year. The primary efficacy endpoint was time to the cessation of new vesicle formation. Secondary efficacy endpoints included times to other events of cutaneous healing, resolution of pain, and frequency of dissemination and zoster recurrence. In a multivariate analysis, sorivudine was superior to acyclovir for reducing the times to the cessation of new vesicle formation (relative risk [RR] = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00 to 2.36; P = 0.049) and total lesion crusting (RR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.04; P = 0.017). In a univariate analysis, there was a trend favoring sorivudine for the cessation of new vesicle formation (median of 3 versus 4 days; P = 0.07) and a significant advantage for time to total lesion crusting (median of 7 versus 8 days; P = 0.02). The time to the resolution of zoster-associated pain, the frequency of dissemination, and the frequency of zoster recurrence were not different between the two treatment groups. Both drugs were well tolerated. Sorivudine is an effective drug for the treatment of herpes zoster in HIV-infected patients and results in accelerated cutaneous healing when compared with acyclovir therapy.
KORRIGAN, an Arabidopsis Endo-1,4-b-Glucanase, Localizes to the Cell Plate by Polarized Targeting and Is Essential for Cytokinesis (2000)

Jianru Zuo, Qi-Wen Niu, Naoko Nishizawa, Yan Wu, Benedikt Kost, Nam-Hai Chua, KORRIGAN, an Arabidopsis Endo-1,4-β-Glucanase, Localizes to the Cell Plate by Polarized Targeting and Is Essential for Cytokinesis, The Plant Cell, Vol. 12, No. 7 (Jul., 2000), pp. 1137-1152
Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Strain Sensor Based on Facilely Prepared Three-Dimensional Graphene Foam Composite (2016)

Wearable strain sensors with excellent stretchability and sensitivity have emerged as a very promising field which could be used for human motion detection and biomechanical systems, etc. Three-dimensional (3D) graphene foam (GF) has been reported before for high-performance strain sensors, however, some problems such as high cost preparation, low sensitivity, and stretchability still remain. In this paper, we report a highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensor based on 3D GF and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite. The GF is prepared by assembly process from graphene oxide via a facile and scalable method and possesses excellent mechanical property which facilitates the infiltration of PDMS prepolymer into the graphene framework. The as-prepared strain sensor can be stretched as high as 30% of its original length and the gauge factor of this sensor is as high as 98.66 under 5% of applied strain. Moreover, the strain sensor shows long-term stability in 200 cycles of stretching-relaxing. Implementation of the device for monitoring the bending of elbow and finger results in reproducibility and various responses in the form of resistance change. Thus, the developed strain sensors exhibit great application potential in fields of biomechanical systems and human-interactive applications.
Supplementary figure S3 from Endoglin Expression on Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Regulates Invasion and Stimulates Colorectal Cancer Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Quantification of pSmad western blots and endoglin konock down in endothelial cells&lt;/p&gt;
Isoflurane Posttreatment Reduces Neonatal Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Injury in Rats by the Sphingosine-1-Phosphate/Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/Akt Pathway (2010)

Isoflurane posttreatment provides lasting neuroprotection against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. Activation of the sphingosine-1-phosphate/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway may play a key role in isoflurane posttreatment-induced neuroprotection.