gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EMF-Aware MU-MIMO Beamforming in RIS-Aided Cellular Networks (2022)

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are one of the key emerging 6th Generation (6G) technologies that are expected to improve the link budgets between transmitters and receivers by adding artificial propagation paths. In such re-configured propagation environment, Downlink (DL) Multi-User Multi-Input Multi-Output (MU-MIMO) brings capacity improvement to cellular networks. It benefits from the spatial dimension offered by MIMO systems to enable simultaneous transmission of independent data streams to multiple users on the same radio resources by applying appropriate Beamforming (BF) schemes. However, in some cases, serving the same subset of users for a long period of time may cause some undesired regions where the average Electromagnetic Field Exposure (EMFE) exceeds the regulatory limits. To address this challenge, we propose in this paper a novel Electromagnetic Field (EMF) aware MU-MIMO BF scheme that aims to optimize the overall capacity under EMF constraints in RIS-aided cellular networks.
FABRIC's approach towards the estimation of energy storage system requirements for grid impact reduction (2015)

In recent years there has been a significant turn towards the research and development of electric vehicles. There are several government incentives towards decarbonizing the transport sector which is a major atmospheric pollutant via greenhouse gases that conventional ICE gasoline and petrol-fueled vehicles produce during their operation. In parallel, major vehicle manufacturers have introduced hybrid and fully electric vehicles to the market trying to reach the critical mass of buyers that will result to large penetration of electromobility in the transportation sector. EVs are expected to have a significant impact on future energy supply and distribution systems since the energy required for the propulsion of millions of vehicles will be shifted from fossil fuel to electricity provided by the grid. The increased demand and the characteristics of the load, especially for new FEV charging modes such as stationary and dynamic dictate big investments towards the enlargement of grid capacity, the increased integration of ICT towards the creation of smart grids and installation of technical solutions that will reduce the impact FEVs will have on the grid stability. This paper presents the concept of FEV dynamic charging which is the focus of FABRIC IP, makes an initial assessment on the foreseen impact this charging mode will have on the grid and proposes technical solutions for increasing grid stability.
Pyrolysis Kinetic Modeling of a Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) Encapsulant Found in Waste Photovoltaic Modules (2021)

As the global cumulative installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) devices grows every year, a proportionate number of waste PV modules arises because of their limited lifespan. It is estimated that by 2050, there will be approximately 60–78 million tonnes of PV waste (Farrell, C.; Osman, A. I.; Zhang, X. et al. Sci Rep.2019, 9, 5267). These modules are bound in a strong encapsulated laminate that is prone to imminent degradation. Subsequently, a form of treatment is required to remove a problematic polymeric material such as the encapsulant poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) in order to recycle. Pyrolysis is an ideal option that facilitates clean delamination by removing the polymer fraction, and it does not promote chemical oxidation to any of the constituents left behind after pyrolysis. To date, there are limited studies on the pyrolysis of EVA found in PV modules, resulting in significant gaps in the knowledge of pyrolysis kinetic parameters. This work aims to investigate the pyrolysis reaction kinetics concerning the EVA encapsulant found in end-of-life (EoL) crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV modules. The thermoanalytical technique employed was thermogravimetric analysis, which was carried out at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 5 °C min–1 to ensure accuracy and high resolution while analyzing the kinetics. The kinetic triplet was determined and reported for the first time using the Advanced Kinetics and Technology Solutions (AKTS) Thermokinetics software. The main kinetic modeling method employed was the Friedman differential isoconversional method. Other conventional kinetic modeling approaches were also used, such as the integral (Ozawa) and ASTM-E698 methods for comparison of apparent activation energy. It was observed that the activation energy values for each method were 167.66–260.00, 259.70, and 167.00–252.65 kJ mol–1 for EVA pyrolysis. Additionally, isothermal, nonisothermal, and step-based predictions were reported for the first time using the thermokinetics package. Furthermore, pyrolysis of EVA can have a triple role in the successful delamination of PV modules, recovery of additional constituents, and aiding of waste management of this problematic polymer.
Multi-Target Adversarial Frameworks for Domain Adaptation in Semantic Segmentation (2021)

In this work, we address the task of unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) for semantic segmentation in presence of multiple target domains: The objective is to train a single model that can handle all these domains at test time. Such a multi-target adaptation is crucial for a variety of scenarios that real-world autonomous systems must handle. It is a challenging setup since one faces not only the domain gap between the labeled source set and the un-labeled target set, but also the distribution shifts existing within the latter among the different target domains. To this end, we introduce two adversarial frameworks: (i) multi-discriminator, which explicitly aligns each target domain to its counterparts, and (ii) multi-target knowledge transfer, which learns a target-agnostic model thanks to a multi-teacher/single-student distillation mechanism. The evaluation is done on four newly-proposed multi-target bench-marks for UDA in semantic segmentation. In all tested scenarios, our approaches consistently outperform baselines, setting competitive standards for the novel task.
Growth of Ba-Al- and K-Zn-Priderite Single Crystals by the FZ Method and Ionic Conductivities (1988)

Large single crystals of Ba-Al-priderite (BATO) and K-Zn-priderite (KZTO) which are characterized by the one-dimensional tunnel structure with the hollandite type were grown by the floating zone (FZ) method. The chemical compositions, lattice parameters and melting temperatures of the obtained crystals are determined. BATO crystals melt congruently at 1510°C±10°C with a Ba1.18Al2.36Ti5.64O16 composition, and KZTO crystals at 1388°±10°C with a K1.56Zn0.75Ti7.25O16 composition. The frequency-dependence of complex ionic conductivities for BATO and KZTO single crystals was measured at room temperature. The BATO indicates complex behavior of a mixed conduction. The electronic conduction is predominant below 100Hz, but the ionic conduction becomes gradually predominant above 100Hz. The ac ionic conductivities of BATO and KZTO at 100kHz are 9.2×10-4S·cm-1 and 2.4×10-3S·cm-1, respectively.
The manipulation and assembly of CuO nanorods with line optical tweezers (2004)

10.1088/0957-4484/15/12/005
Propagation behaviour of cylindrical-dielectric-rod waveguides (1973)

The exact propagation behaviour is considered of cylindrical dielectric waveguides possessing a central core of higher permittivity than the surrounding cladding. Results are compared with those obtained by making the coremode and cladding-mode approximations. The former approximation is found to be valid for most purposes; the latter is much more restricted. Although the waveguide parameters chosen are representative of monomode optical waveguides, the results should find wider application.
A practical framework for encouraging and supporting positive behaviour change in diabetes (2017)

A wide range of diabetes-directed interventions - including novel medications, devices and comprehensive education programmes - have been shown to be effective in clinical trials. But in the real world of diabetes care their efficacy is often dependent upon on how well a clinician is able to support personal engagement and motivation of the person with diabetes to use these new tools and knowledge consistently, and as directed. Although many person-centred motivational and behavioural strategies have been developed, for example, action planning, motivational interviewing and empowerment-based communication, the sheer number and apparent lack of clear differences among them have led to considerable confusion. The primary goal of this review, therefore, is to provide a practical framework that organizes and structures these programmes to enhance their more systematic use in clinical care. Its purpose is to enhance clinician efforts to respectfully encourage and support engagement and motivation for behaviour change in people with diabetes. The three-step framework for organizing and describing the specific clinical processes involved is based on self-determination theory and includes: clinician preparation for a different type of clinical encounter, clinician/person with diabetes relationship building, and clinician utilization of specific behavioural tools. We conclude with practical considerations for application of this framework to the real world of clinical care.
Embryo transfer: how to ensure correct placement in utero (2001)

A review of current literature (1990-2000) was undertaken to identify factors that are important in the correct placement of embryos in utero. Although there are no absolute prerequisites, ultrasound monitoring to ensure correct catheter placement, pretreatment assessment of the cervical canal, minimization of trauma, avoidance of mucus and the use of a 'soft' catheter are all considered important factors in this process. Early patient mobilization after the transfer procedure has not been shown to influence the outcome. The establishment of a benchmark against which to evaluate individual performance and participation in 'refresher courses' if indicated will help to maximize the implantation rates of the assisted reproductive technology programme as a whole.
Cataract development associated with collagen copolymer posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses: Clinicopathological correlation (2010)

Anterior subcapsular cataract associated with the pIOLs was caused by low vaulting (confirmed on AS-OCT) and consequent fibrous metaplasia of the anterior LECs. Surgeons should consider the possibility of anterior subcapsular cataract associated with shorter platforms when selecting a pIOL length for appropriate vault.
Alkane oxidation by polynuclear non-haem iron complexes—an imidazole effect (1991)

Binuclear and trinuclear non-haem iron complexes efficiently transfer oxidizing equivalents from tert-butyl hydroperoxide to cyclohexane; imidazole in excess greatly increases the yield of the reaction and the ketone : alcohol ratio.
HS‐SPME/GC Analysis Reveals the Population Variability of Terpene Contents in Juniperus communis Needles (2009)

Juniperus communis var. communis L. is an aromatic plant - typical boreal element of flora. In the extensive literature concerning J. communis, there is much data on the composition and the content of essential oil of needles and coneberries, but a detailed analysis of terpene distribution within and between populations is missing. A representative pool of 74 J. communis individuals originating from ten populations of Northern Poland was investigated in order to evaluate the intra- and interpopulational variability of the terpene pattern. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with GC/MS and GC/FID was applied in achiral and enantioselective analysis. The majority of the samples (85%), despite different origin, were similar in the terpene pattern. High diversity of terpenes was observed within the populations and low diversity between them. High variation of enantiomeric composition was in accordance with large variation of individual compounds in general (achiral analysis). J. communis samples from Northern Poland could be distinguished by the alpha-pinene/sabinene ratio, and they were divided into three chemical races.
MODEL SIMULATION AND COMPARISON OF THE ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE DEGRADED GRASSLAND TYPES IN CHINA (2005)

Alpine meadows, Xilingol grasslands and Mu Us sandy grasslands were his torically among top quality grasslands in China and over the world. However, Mu Us sandy grasslands currently suffer from serious desertification. Xilingol grasslands are also threatened by desertification while alpine meadows are currently undergoing overgrazing. Measures to guide vegetation rehabilitation, such as appropriate vegetation coverage are urgently needed for restoring locally degraded ecosystems. Based on ecophysiological processes of the plant communities and their water and thermal balance, an ecophysiology-based plant community model was developed to simulate several parameters of the three grassland ecosystems. With input data collected from long-term meteorological stations, the model performance was promising. As illustrated by the simulation results, the model parameters, including evapora tive coefficient (k), foliage projective cover and net primary productivity (NPP), decrease from alpine meadows over Xilingol grasslands, to Mu Us sandy grasslands. These parameters can be used as reference criteria for resource management : the foliage projective cover could serve as a guide for restoring degraded ecosystem, and the NPP could be the basis for livestock num ber adjustment.
Memory mapped networks: a new deal for distributed shared memories ? the SciFS experience (2003)

Distributed Shared Memories (DSM) performance has always suffered from high network latencies and software communication layers with a large overhead. Memory mapped networks such as Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI) allow to reliably access remote memory without involving the operating system. To show how DSM systems can benefit from this technology, we have developed SciFS, a DSM tightly integrated with the operating system, that exploits the high performance and the remote memory access capabilities of SCI. We first show the respective advantages of two communications techniques with SCI: programmed IO (PIO) and remote DMA (RDMA). Then, we describe how to build a scalable page transfer mechanism by mixing PIO and RDMA. Despite the lack of a broadcast mechanism with SCI, we demonstrate that it is possible to build scalable synchronization primitives using PIO. Finally, we evaluate various consistency models with scientific computing applications from the Splash benchmark. We observe that, even if the rough network performance is good, it is not sufficient to obtain acceptable results with applications that require fine grain parallelism. However, we show that memory mapped networks provide an efficient hardware support to implement software DSM systems without requiring complex relaxed consistency models. This way, DSM design can be greatly simplified using this technology.
Regio- and Enantioselective Bromocyclization of Difluoroalkenes as a Strategy to Access Tetrasubstituted Difluoromethylene-Containing Stereocenters (2020)

Difluoromethylene-containing compounds have attracted substantial research interest over the past decades for their ability to mimic biological functions of traditional functional groups while providing a wide variety of pharmacological benefits bestowed by the C-F bond. We report a novel strategy to access RCF<sub>2</sub>Br-containing heterocycles by regio- and enantioselective bromocyclization of difluoroalkenes enabled by chiral anion phase-transfer catalysis. The utility of this methodology was highlighted through a synthesis of an analogue of efavirenz, a drug used for treating HIV. Additionally, the synthetic versatility of the CF<sub>2</sub>Br intermediates was showcased through functionalization to a variety of enantioenriched α,α-difluoromethylene-containing products.
Decompensation Increases The Risk of Cardiovascular Events In Patients With Cirrhosis and Coronary Artery Disease (2023)

Background and Aims The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with liver cirrhosis is high. The risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in patients with cirrhosis and known CAD has not been evaluated yet. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of CVD events and associated predictors in patients with cirrhosis and CAD.
Algorithm selection by rational metareasoning as a model of human strategy selection (2014)

Selecting the right algorithm is an important problem in computer science, because the algorithm often has to exploit the structure of the input to be efficient. The human mind faces the same challenge. Therefore, solutions to the algorithm selection problem can inspire models of human strategy selection and vice versa. Here, we view the algorithm selection problem as a special case of metareasoning and derive a solution that outperforms existing methods in sorting algorithm selection. We apply our theory to model how people choose between cognitive strategies and test its prediction in a behavioral experiment. We find that people quickly learn to adaptively choose between cognitive strategies. People's choices in our experiment are consistent with our model but inconsistent with previous theories of human strategy selection. Rational metareasoning appears to be a promising framework for reverse-engineering how people choose among cognitive strategies and translating the results into better solutions to the algorithm selection problem.
Panel: Humans and Technology for Inclusive Privacy and Security (2021)

Computer security and user privacy are critical issues and concerns in the digital era due to both increasing users and threats to their data. Separate issues arise between generic cybersecurity guidance (i.e., protect all user data from malicious threats) and the individualistic approach of privacy (i.e., specific to users and dependent on user needs and risk perceptions). Research has shown that several security- and privacy-focused vulnerabilities are technological (e.g., software bugs (Streiff, Kenny, Das, Leeth, &amp; Camp, 2018), insecure authentication (Das, Wang, Tingle, &amp; Camp, 2019)), or behavioral (e.g., sharing passwords (Das, Dingman, &amp; Camp, 2018); and compliance (Das, Dev, &amp; Srinivasan, 2018) (Dev, Das, Rashidi, &amp; Camp, 2019)). This panel proposal addresses a third category of sociotechnical vulnerabilities that can and sometimes do arise from non-inclusive design of security and privacy. In this panel, we will address users' needs and desires for privacy. The panel will engage in in-depth discussions about value-sensitive design while focusing on potentially vulnerable populations, such as older adults, teens, persons with disabilities, and others who are not typically emphasized in general security and privacy concerns. Human factors have a stake in and ability to facilitate improvements in these areas.
Management of Posterior Epistaxis (2008)

This instructional video (available as an online Data Supplement at <link removed as it refers to this location>) demonstrates the management of posterior epistaxis. The video was filmed at the Evanston Northwestern Healthcare Simulation Center (http://www.centerforsimulation.org/) in Evanston, Illinois. The procedure (Figure 1) was performed on the “Airway Larry” system (Life/Form). We have created a series of videos to instruct our residents on a variety of emergent life-saving procedures using a variety of high-fidelity simulators and host these videos on a Web site for the Northwestern emergency medicine residents to access and review. Procedure performed on the “Airway Larry” system (Life/Form). Video Clip S1. Emergent management of posterior epistaxis Please note: Blackwell Publishing are not responsible for the content or functionality of any supplementary materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Upregulated Expression of B-Cell Antigen Family Tandem Repeat Proteins byLeishmaniaAmastigotes (2010)

Proteins with tandem repeat (TR) domains have been found in various protozoan parasites, and they are often targets of B-cell responses. Through systematic analyses of whole proteomes, we recently demonstrated that two trypanosomatid parasites, Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi, are rich in antigenic proteins with large TR domains. However, the reason that these proteins are antigenic was unclear. Here, by performing molecular, immunological, and bioinformatic characterizations of Leishmania TR proteins, we found two possible factors affecting the antigenicity of these proteins; one factor is their fundamental composition as TR proteins, and the other is regulation of their expression by parasites. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using recombinant proteins revealed that the copy number of the repeat affects the affinity of binding between antigens and antibodies, as expected based on thermodynamic binding kinetics. Other than containing TR domains, the TR proteins do not share characteristics, such as sequence similarity or biased cellular location predicted by the presence of a signal sequence(s) and/or a transmembrane domain(s). However, the TR proteome contained a higher percentage of proteins upregulated in amastigotes than the whole proteome, and upregulated expression of a TR protein seemed to affect its antigenicity. These results indicate that Leishmania parasites actively utilize the TR protein family for parasitism in mammalian hosts.
Cryogenic Electronics for High-Energy Physics Experiments (2013)

High-energy physics employs electronic devices, circuits, and systems on a scale much larger than any other area of scientific research. This electronics is used for readout of nuclear particle detectors. The detection of nuclear particles in majority of experiments is based on particle interactions with matter primarily by two mechanisms: scintillation by excitation of atoms and ionization of atoms in the gas, liquid, or solid detector medium. In large particle physics experiments, there is a great variety of detectors based on noble gases and liquids, crystal and plastic scintillators, as well as semiconductors, either as ionization or scintillation media, or both. The purpose of cryogenic electronics for the very large noble liquid detectors is to avoid the need for signal lines from every single sense wire. Electronics in collider experiments operates under two extreme conditions, very high ionizing and neutron radiation fields and, in some cases, high magnetic field.
Moisture droplet formation on the posterior surface of intraocular lenses during fluid/air exchange (1995)

We investigated the conditions under which moisture droplets would form on intraocular lens (IOL) posterior surfaces during fluid/air exchange procedures in rabbits implanted with silicone or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) IOLs. Moisture droplets did not form when the posterior capsule was intact, regardless of IOL material or infusion fluid temperature. If a capsular tear was present, droplets formed with both IOL materials when balanced salt solution (BSS) at ambient temperature was used as the infusion fluid. This effect was significantly more pronounced with silicone IOLs, resulting in an immediate loss of visualization of the fundus. In these cases, visualization was quickly restored by applying a viscoelastic to the posterior IOL surface.
DNA Dissolves Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes in Water (2003)

Abstract Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy have revealed that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules dissolve single-walled carbon nanotubes in an aqueous solution.