gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quorum Sensing between Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Accelerates Cell Growth (2011)

This manuscript describes the fabrication of arrays of spatially confined chambers embossed in a layer of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and their application to studying quorum sensing between communities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We hypothesized that biofilms may produce stable chemical signaling gradients in close proximity to surfaces, which influence the growth and development of nearby microcolonies into biofilms. To test this hypothesis, we embossed a layer of PEGDA with 1.5-mm wide chambers in which P. aeruginosa biofilms grew, secreted homoserine lactones (HSLs, small molecule regulators of quorum sensing), and formed spatial and temporal gradients of these compounds. In static growth conditions (i.e., no flow), nascent biofilms secreted N-(3-oxododecanoyl) HSL that formed a gradient in the hydrogel and was detected by P. aeruginosa cells that were ≤8 mm away. Diffusing HSLs increased the growth rate of cells in communities that were <3 mm away from the biofilm, where the concentration of HSL was >1 μM, and had little effect on communities farther away. The HSL gradient had no observable influence on biofilm structure. Surprisingly, 0.1-10 μM of N-(3-oxododecanoyl) HSL had no effect on cell growth in liquid culture. The results suggest that the secretion of HSLs from a biofilm enhances the growth of neighboring cells in contact with surfaces into communities and may influence their composition, organization, and diversity.
The Application of Relaxation to Waveforms with Ambiguous Segmentations (1979)

In order to apply relaxation-like methods to waveforms with ambiguous segmentations one has to consider all possible segmentations separately. An extension of the discrete relaxation operator is proposed which can be applied to such waveforms using just one relaxation network. Examples of the application of the method are also given.
Weighted needle pinprick sensory thresholds: a simple test of sensory function in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. (1992)

A simple device is described, consisting of 12 weighted 23 gauge disposable needles (0.2 to 5.2 g), for testing sensation in busy diabetic clinics. The pinprick sensory threshold (PPT) is the lightest weighted needle which consistently elicits a sharp sensation. The subjects were 48 healthy controls (hospital staff), 44 diabetic patients without neuropathic symptoms, and 35 diabetic patients with chronic painful neuropathy. In the controls, the mean PPT from the right hand and foot obtained on two test occasions a week apart did not differ significantly. In diabetic patients without symptomatic neuropathy, the mean PPT in the right hand and right foot were significantly higher than in the controls. The diabetic patients with painful neuropathy had clearly increased mean PPT in the right hand and foot compared with controls. Marstock thermal limen in diabetic patients with painful neuropathy correlated significantly with PPT determinations. PPT and thermal thresholds probably give comparable information on small fibre dysfunction in diabetic patients with symptomatic neuropathy. Compared with thermal threshold determinations however, the weighted needle apparatus is inexpensive, simple, and rapid to use.
Multiobjective Pareto-Efficient Approaches for Recommender Systems (2014)

Recommender systems are quickly becoming ubiquitous in applications such as e-commerce, social media channels, and content providers, among others, acting as an enabling mechanism designed to overcome the information overload problem by improving browsing and consumption experience. A typical task in many recommender systems is to output a ranked list of items, so that items placed higher in the rank are more likely to be interesting to the users. Interestingness measures include how accurate, novel, and diverse are the suggested items, and the objective is usually to produce ranked lists optimizing one of these measures. Suggesting items that are simultaneously accurate, novel, and diverse is much more challenging, since this may lead to a conflicting-objective problem, in which the attempt to improve a measure further may result in worsening other measures. In this article, we propose new approaches for multiobjective recommender systems based on the concept of Pareto efficiency—a state achieved when the system is devised in the most efficient manner in the sense that there is no way to improve one of the objectives without making any other objective worse off. Given that existing multiobjective recommendation algorithms differ in their level of accuracy, diversity, and novelty, we exploit the Pareto-efficiency concept in two distinct manners: (i) the aggregation of ranked lists produced by existing algorithms into a single one, which we call Pareto-efficient ranking, and (ii) the weighted combination of existing algorithms resulting in a hybrid one, which we call Pareto-efficient hybridization. Our evaluation involves two real application scenarios: music recommendation with implicit feedback (i.e., Last.fm) and movie recommendation with explicit feedback (i.e., MovieLens). We show that the proposed Pareto-efficient approaches are effective in suggesting items that are likely to be simultaneously accurate, diverse, and novel. We discuss scenarios where the system achieves high levels of diversity and novelty without compromising its accuracy. Further, comparison against multiobjective baselines reveals improvements in terms of accuracy (from 10.4% to 10.9%), novelty (from 5.7% to 7.5%), and diversity (from 1.6% to 4.2%).
Encapsulated wafer level package technology (eWLCS) (2014)

This paper introduces a new encapsulated WLCSP product (eWLCS). The new product has a thin protective coating applied to all exposed silicon surfaces on the die. The applied coating protects the silicon and fragile dielectrics and prevents handling damage during dicing and assembly operations, effectively providing a durable packaged part in the form factor of a WLCSP. The manufacturing process leverages existing high volume manufacturing methods with exceptionally high process yields. In this process the silicon wafer is diced prior to the wafer level packaging process. The dice are then reconstituted into a new wafer form with adequate distance between the die to allow for a thin layer of protective coating to remain after final singulation. Standard methods are used to apply dielectrics, thin film metals, and solder bumps. The resulting structure is identical to a conventional WLCSP product with the addition of the protective sidewall coating. This paper discusses the key attributes of the new package as well as the manufacturing process used to create it. Reliability data will be presented and compared to conventional WLCSP products and improvements in package durability will be discussed and compared to conventional WLCSP.
Evaluation of the performance ofmicroprocessor‐based colorimeter (1992)

Colorimetric estimations have an important role in quantitative studies. An inexpensive and portable microprocessor-based colorimeter developed by the authors is described in this paper. The colorimeter uses a light emitting diode as the light source; a pinphotodiode as the detector and an 8085A microprocessor. Blood urea, glucose, total protein, albumin and bilirubin from patient blood samples were analysed with the instrument and results obtained were compared with assays of the same blood using a Spectronic 21. A good correlation was found between the results from the two instruments.
Multivariate Analysis of the Risk Factors for First-Time Noncontact ACL Injury in High School and College Athletes (2016)

Multivariate models provided more information about ACL injury risk than individual risk factors. Both male and female risk models included increased anterior-posterior knee laxity as a predictor of ACL injury but were otherwise dissimilar.
Percutaneous Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting with the Use of Gadolinium in Lieu of Iodinated Contrast Medium: Technical Case Report and Review of the Literature (2001)

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE We describe a patient who underwent percutaneous transluminal carotid angioplasty and stent placement with the use of intra-arterial gadolinium (Gd-DTPA) instead of iodinated contrast medium. This represents one of the first published reports of the use of Gd-DTPA as an angiographic contrast agent for an interventional neuroradiological procedure. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 75-year-old man with renal insufficiency and multiple comorbidities developed amaurosis fugax. Doppler examination revealed high-grade stenosis of the right internal carotid artery. INTERVENTION The patient underwent percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty with endovascular stent placement for 95% narrowing of the proximal right internal carotid artery. Because of his impaired renal function, the procedure was performed with the use of Gd-DTPA as the sole contrast agent. Approximately 60 ml of contrast medium (twice the volume typically used for a magnetic resonance imaging study) was used. There were no neurological, renal, or other complications. CONCLUSION Intra-arterially administered Gd-DTPA may be substituted for iodinated contrast agents in complex neuroendovascular procedures. This capacity expands the armamentarium for interventional neuroradiological procedures.
Preliminary Evaluation of a Digital Diary for Elder People in Nursing Homes (2017)

This chapter focuses on the preliminary evaluation of the MyGuardian digital diary (MG) for online use by old people living in nursing homes. The web interface of this diary features the standard functionalities of classical digital diaries, along with mechanisms to coordinate the assistance provided by the care network, with message services and an edition tool for the safe zones and related alarms. The chapter presents usability and acceptability study of a web based digital diary for online use by old people with Mild Cognitive Impairments, and designed to improve their quality of life. The study was conducted within the European project MyGuardian, an Information System research project within the 'Ambient Assisted Living' European program. It aimed to reduce the impact cognitive impairments have on MCI peoples' daily life, with a focus on outdoor life and mobility, and also considering their caregivers.
THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF FK506 AND CYCLOSPORINE ON SHORT- AND LONG-TERM KIDNEY GRAFT SURVIVAL1,2,3 (1995)

As reported to the UNOS Kidney Transplant Registry from 1988 through 1994, 544 first cadaveric kidney graft recipients have been discharged with maintenance tacrolimus (FK506) therapy. Total follow-up data was available on 38,057 first cadaveric kidney transplants from 224 centers reporting at least 10 grafts each to the Registry. We examined the effects of FK506 on short- and long-term renal graft outcomes and compared its effect with that of cyclosporine (CsA). Three drug categories (FK506, CsA, and Other) were defined using therapies through discharge (i.e., grafts surviving more than 15 days). The 1-year graft survival rate of 2366 recipients receiving Other therapies was 69.2 +/- 1.0%. By comparison, both FK506 and CsA recipients demonstrated significantly improved early graft function (1-yr survival rates of 91.1 +/- 1.3% and 86.6 +/- 0.2%, respectively). The long-term graft survival, as measured by half-lives, varied little (8-9 yr) between Other and CsA groups, but was significantly (P = 0.04) increased for FK506 patients (to approximately 14 yrs). CsA usage was reported by all 224 transplant centers, whereas FK506 was administered at only 24 (11%) centers. Using multivariate methods, a drug regimen's graft survival rate was adjusted for center effects and 19 covariates. The adjusted FK506 and CsA cadaveric graft survival rates at 1 and 3 years mirrored their unadjusted rates, indicating that demographic differences did not confound our results. Based on this study, FK506 appears to be the first therapeutic agent to significantly improve long-term kidney graft survival rates.
Enabling the Archival Storage of Signed Documents (2002)

Documents in digital formats are increasingly becoming a common form of expression for anything from rants and opinions to transaction records and contracts. Archiving such documents for the long term, particularly when their only form is digital, can be very important. Sadly, the principal digital expression of an author&amp;apos;s intent, the digital signature, is not fit for long-term archives of documents; signing keys can expire or become compromised, rendering the documents they signed indistinguishable from illicit forgeries. We propose KASTS, an extension of traditional archival storage systems that enables the long-term storage of signed documents. KASTS combines time stamping of signed documents with storage of past signature verification keys. We argue that such an extended archival storage system is feasible and describe one possible design for it .
Capillary Electrophoresis: Methods and Protocols (2021)

Capillary Electrophoresis: Methods and Protocols presents a selection of current capillary electrophoresis methods used to separate representative types of molecules and particles and in combination with different detection techniques. The volume is intended for beginners in the field and provides overviews of each technique and a starting point for the exploration of the defined literature on the different application topics. As a beginning text, each technique is explained in simple terms, assuming only minimal previous knowledge of the methods. A Notes section accompanies each chapter and addresses problems that may occur and how to overcome them. In Part I, Analyte-Oriented, contributors present methods and protocols based on sample type and size for inorganic and organic small ions, anionic, cationic, and neutral pollutants and pharmaceuticals, sugars, amino acids, nucleotides and DNA, and synthetic copolymers up to microorganisms. In Part II, Methods-Oriented, authors present the more methodological descriptions of particular and new CE techniques including CZE, MEKC/MECC, CEC, affinity CE, coating and online concentration techniques, single-cell analysis, and multidimensional techniques. Comprehensive and timely, Capillary Electrophoresis: Methods and Protocols is ideal for researchers looking for a beginning text on capillary electrophoresis methods
KillingFusion: Non-rigid 3D Reconstruction without Correspondences (2017)

We introduce a geometry-driven approach for real-time 3D reconstruction of deforming surfaces from a single RGB-D stream without any templates or shape priors. To this end, we tackle the problem of non-rigid registration by level set evolution without explicit correspondence search. Given a pair of signed distance fields (SDFs) representing the shapes of interest, we estimate a dense deformation field that aligns them. It is defined as a displacement vector field of the same resolution as the SDFs and is determined iteratively via variational minimization. To ensure it generates plausible shapes, we propose a novel regularizer that imposes local rigidity by requiring the deformation to be a smooth and approximately Killing vector field, i.e. generating nearly isometric motions. Moreover, we enforce that the level set property of unity gradient magnitude is preserved over iterations. As a result, KillingFusion reliably reconstructs objects that are undergoing topological changes and fast inter-frame motion. In addition to incrementally building a model from scratch, our system can also deform complete surfaces. We demonstrate these capabilities on several public datasets and introduce our own sequences that permit both qualitative and quantitative comparison to related approaches.
Novel Hyaluronic Acid Coating for Potential Use in Glucose Sensor Design (2003)

Biocompatibility issues such as protein deposition and fibrous capsule formation significantly reduce the sensitivity of implanted glucose sensors. One of the approaches to improve the sensor biocompatibility is to disguise the sensors with coatings that mimic body conditions. We anticipate that a biomimetic coating based on hyaluronic acid (HA) would minimize the problems related to protein deposition and fibrous tissue formation. Diffusion experiments were conducted to assess the transport properties of HA coating on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane using a classic diffusion cell. HA was coated on PVA membranes, as cross-linked HA membranes alone have poor mechanical strength. The effective diffusivities of glucose and oxygen in a HA/PVA membrane (95% confidence interval) are 1 +/- 0.26 x 10(-4) and 1.42 +/- 0.34 x 10(-4) cm(2)/min, respectively. The effective diffusivities of glucose and oxygen in HA/PVA membranes were approximately two-thirds when compared with the diffusivities of glucose and oxygen (7.29 x 10(-5) and 2.34 x 10(-4) cm(2)/min, respectively) in pure PVA membranes. The results indicate that the HA/PVA membranes have transport properties similar to the commonly used pure PVA membranes, and thus may find usefulness as a coating for implantable glucose sensors.
Permeation of nanoparticles across the intestinal lipid membrane: dependence on shape and surface chemistry studied through molecular simulations (2020)

Nanoparticles are being explored for topical and oral drug delivery applications as they can cross various biological barriers, for example, the intestinal epithelium. The ability of nanoparticles to cross barriers depends on their morphological and surface properties such as size, surface chemistry and shape, among others. The effect of nanoparticle size on their membrane permeability has been well studied both experimentally and theoretically. However, less attention has been given to understand the role of nanoparticle shape in their translocation across biological barrier membranes. Here, we report on the influence of the nanoparticle's shape, surface chemistry and concentration on their permeation across a human intestinal apical cell membrane model. A representative multicomponent lipid bilayer model of the human intestinal apical membrane was built. The free energy of permeation of nanoparticles across the model lipid bilayer was calculated using multiple umbrella sampling simulations. The interaction of these nanoparticles with the model lipid bilayer was captured using extensive microsecond unrestrained molecular dynamics simulations. We observed that: (a) irrespective of the surface chemistry, the efficacy of nanoparticle penetration across the lipid layer was in the order of rod > disc > sphere; (b) irrespective of the shape, apolar and nonpolar nanoparticles were found to locate in the interior of the lipid bilayer, whereas charged and polar nanoparticles were either adsorbed on the lipid headgroups or remained in the water layer; (c) apolar and nonpolar disc shaped nanoparticles had higher efficacy in permeation across the lipid bilayer as compared to disc and sphere shaped nanoparticles; and (d) at a higher concentration of nanoparticles, sphere and disc shaped nanoparticles exhibited more agglomeration as compared to rod shaped nanoparticles. Based on these outcomes, a few nanoparticles were designed which penetrated readily into the lipid layer and these nanoparticles were also able to co-deliver a therapeutic protein inside the lipid layer. The apical model lipid membrane and protocols used in this study can thus be utilized for the in silico design of nanoparticles for the oral delivery of therapeutics.
제1분과: 비선형 및 최적화 : 텐서그리티 구조의 실용화 연구 (2009)

본 논문은 현재까지 연구되어진 텐서그리티의 형상들을 통해 새로운 형상을 제안하고 그것의 실제 적용 가능성 여부를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 국내·외에서는 텐서그리티를 이용한 구조물을 적용하기 위해서 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있지만 형상에 대한 구조적 원리 및 분석을 모두 충족하는 형상을 구현하기란 쉽지 않다. 이를 실현하기 위해서 현재까지 계획된 텐서그리티 형상과 기존에 연구된 사례들을 비교 분석한 후 실제 육교에 적용할 수 있는 구조적으로 타당한 형상을 쓰리디 그래픽 프로그램인 스케치업과 쓰리디 형상 제작이 가능한 MIDAS 프로그램을 통해 제안하였다.
Incidence and Management of Thrombotic and Thromboembolic Complications Following the Superior Cavopulmonary Anastomosis Procedure: A Literature Review (2017)

The objective of this literature review was to estimate the incidence of thrombosis and thromboembolism associated with the superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (SCPA) procedure and its variants and to examine current thromboprophylaxis regimens utilized. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from inception to August 2017 for all prospective and retrospective cohort studies explicitly reporting incidence of thrombosis, thromboembolism, or shunt occlusion in neonates, infants, and children undergoing 1 or more variants of the SCPA procedure. End points included thrombotic events and thromboembolic events (strokes and pulmonary embolisms) as primary outcomes, and overall mortality as a secondary outcome, at the last available follow-up time point. Of 1303 unique references identified, 13 cohort studies were deemed eligible. Reported incidence of thrombosis and thromboembolic events ranged from 0% to 28.0% and from 0% to 12.5%, respectively. Reported incidence of major bleeding events ranged from 0% to 2.9%. Reported overall mortality ranged from 2.5% to 50.5% across studies. Thromboprophylaxis protocols varied across institutions and studies, most commonly involving unfractionated heparin (UFH), warfarin, enoxaparin, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), or combinations of ASA and warfarin, ASA and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), UFH and LMWH, and UFH and ASA; several studies did not specify a protocol. Due to substantial variability in reported event rates, no clear correlation was identified between prophylaxis protocols and postoperative thrombotic complications. Despite guidance recommending postoperative UFH as standard practice, thromboprophylaxis protocols varied across institutions and studies. More robust trials evaluating different thromboprophylaxis regimens for the management of these patients are warranted.
A Lightweight, Compliant, Contact-Resistance-Based Airflow Sensor for Quadcopter Ground Effect Sensing (2018)

Sensors to measure quadcopter ground effect are often relatively large, heavy, and require significant power, which restricts their applicability when it comes to small quadcopters and other aircraft that require lightweight and non-obstructive solutions. This paper presents the design of an elastomeric contact-resistance-based airflow sensor to measure ground effect with a mass of approximately 0.04 g and a power draw of 42 μW when in operation. It uses a rigid flap attached to the top of a flexible conductive pillar (CNT/PDMS), which deflects with varying winds speeds. A simple model is presented to describe expected trends between air flow speeds and sensor deflection and is compared with a wind tunnel characterization of the sensor for varying airflows. The sensor is characterized in a wind tunnel to identify a minimum airflow necessary for sensor functionality. Finally, sensors are attached to a Crazyflie 2.0 (Bitcraze) quadcopter and tested for performance in detecting ground effect, where there is a clear trend between sensor output and the intensity of the turbulent flow, related to proximity to ground and thrust level.