gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PROPHYLACTIC USE OF OKT3 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY IN CADAVER KIDNEY RECIPIENTS UTILIZATION OF OKT3 AS THE SOLE IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT (1986)

We describe the first clinical trial of OKT3, a monoclonal anti-T-cell antibody, for prevention of kidney transplant rejection. 13 patients receiving a first cadaveric kidney transplant were randomly assigned to conventional treatment with azathioprine and high-dose steroids (7 patients) or to treatment with daily injection of OKT3 alone (6 patients). The first OKT3 injection resulted in a dramatic decrease in T3+, T4+, and T8+ cells, while patients simultaneously experienced fever, chills, and diarrhea. These symptoms did not recur with subsequent injections. All six OKT3-treated patients had a rejection necessitating introduction of steroids 12.8 +/- 2.9 days after surgery. Rejection was related to appearance of anti-OKT3 antibodies leading to disappearance of detectable OKT3 in the serum. Modulating (T3-, T4+ or T3-, T8+) cells were observed in all patients but were functionally inactive. As no rejection was observed before day 9 posttransplant, despite the lack of additional immunosuppressive agents, we conclude that OKT3 is a powerful, well-tolerated immunosuppressive agent. However, it is highly immunogenic and anti-OKT3 antibodies lead to loss of clinical effectiveness in this protocol. The use of OKT3 alone for prevention of kidney graft rejection cannot be recommended until a method for reducing the effects of anti-OKT3 immunization is developed.
Optimization of permanent magnet motor air-gap flux density based on the non-uniform air gap (2013)

In order to reduce the negative effects of permanent magnet motor performance caused by excessive harmonic content in air-gap magnetic field, the optimal design of permanent magnet motor based on the Taguchi method and time-stepping FEM with built-in “V” type rotor magnetic circuit structure was proposed in this paper. Firstly, taking four structural parameters of permanent magnet motor as optimization variables and two characteristics of motor as constraint, the multi-objective multivariate optimization of the permanent magnet rotor with the structure of non-uniform air gap was carried out and the optimum rotor structure with the appropriate no-load air gap flux density waveform is obtained. Then the advantage and the accuracy of the optimized results with Taguchi method were verified by comparing the air gap flux density harmonic content before and after the optimization. Finally, the electromotive force waveform considering the stator skewed slots was calculated with time-stepping FEM to verify the effectiveness of the air-gap flux density optimization further.
Photoreactive DNA as a Tool to Study Replication Protein A Functioning in DNA Replication and Repair (2020)

Replication protein A (RPA), eukaryotic single-stranded DNA-binding protein, is a key player in multiple processes of DNA metabolism including DNA replication, recombination and DNA repair. Human RPA composed of subunits of 70-, 32- and 14-kDa binds ssDNA with high affinity and interacts specifically with multiple proteins. The RPA heterotrimer binds ssDNA in several modes, with occlusion lengths of 8-10, 13-22 and 30 nucleotides corresponding to global, transitional and elongated conformations of protein. Varying the structure of photoreactive DNA, the intermediates of different stages of DNA replication or DNA repair were designed and applied to identify positioning of the RPA subunits on the specific DNA structures. Using this approach, RPA interactions with various types of DNA structures attributed to replication and DNA repair intermediates were examined. This review is dedicated to blessed memory of Prof. Alain Favre who contributed to the development of photoreactive nucleotide derivatives and their application for the study of protein-nucleic acids interactions.
KIR/HLA Pleiotropism: Protection against Both HIV and Opportunistic Infections (2006)

The compound genotype KIR3DS1/HLA-B Bw4-80I, which presumably favors natural killer cell activation, has been implicated in protection against HIV disease. We show that this genotype confers dual protection over the course of HIV disease; early direct containment of HIV viral load, and late specific defense against opportunistic infections, but not AIDS-related malignancies. The double protection of KIR3DS1/Bw4-80I in an etiologically complex disease such as AIDS, along with the disease specificity of its effects is conceptually novel and underscores the intricacy of host immunogenetics against HIV/AIDS.
DGD monitoring issues in high-speed polarisation multiplexed coherent QPSK systems (2012)

Optical performance monitoring based on digital signal processing (DSP) of a polarisation diverse coherent receiver can allow the estimation of the differential group delay (DGD) of the link fibre. In this reported work, it was found that the DGD estimation can be affected by substantial errors, since the DSP can introduce or leave uncompensated any symbol-time delay between orthogonal polarisations and cannot discriminate the in-line DGD from any other link delay. These issues are investigated and a method is proposed to partially overcome the problems.
Clandestine ELOS/OTH RF Communications for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (2003)

This is a proposal to assess and develop critical technology for clandestine radio frequency communication systems for underwater autonomous vehicles (UAVs). Under a previous ONR grant, the Applied Research Laboratories at the University of Texas at Austin developed and tested a preliminary design for a wire antenna. Assessments were made of data rates, propagation effects, and overall system impacts for a wide variety of communication methods. The long term goal of this research is to identify fundamental issues and required technological developments for small, long-range communications systems utilizing high frequency (HF) ground wave propagation that can be used in extended-line-of-sight and over-the-horizon (ELOS/OTH) communications. Because ELOS/OTH transmission over water requires HF frequencies, the sizes of standard antennas, such as quarter wave monopoles, are too large for UAV operation. Therefore, a major focus of this effort is on the development of electrically small antennas. This report addresses the further development of small electrical antennas that are needed for clandestine communications operating ELOS/OTH. Under the previous grant, a new type of small antenna was developed: the folded conical helix (FLEX). Because of the initial success of the FLEX antenna, this effort focused on determining the scalability of the antenna and reducing its size. The Wheeler cap method and the relative gain method were used to measure the antenna's efficiency as the size was reduced. These measurements were compared with those for a quarter wave monopole. Standing wave ratio (SWR) also was measured. Efficient wideband small antennas will make possible long-range (30-150 miles) point-to-point communication for UAVs. And because the FLEX antenna is a wire antenna, it can be made retractable and robust in a maritime environment. (3 figures, 7 refs.)
Conversion of high grade lymphoma tumor cell line to intermediate grade with tpa and bryostatin 1 as determined by polypeptide analysis on 2D gel electrophoresis (1990)

A high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) was used for total cellular polypeptide mapping of two established lymphoma cell lines; MANCA, a Burkitt's line representing a high grade lymphoma (HGL) and WSU-NHL (nodular histiocytic lymphoma) representing an intermediate grade lymphoma (IGL). Gels were digitized and analysed with an image scanning computer using the Elsie 4 system. Polypeptide mapping revealed striking similarities in 1100 polypeptide spots in both types. However, three polypeptides were unique to HGL (Molecular mass/isoelectric point (Mr/PI): 39/4.4, 35/5.6, 33/4.8), and one to IGL (95/4.7). In order to investigate the kinetics of expression of these polypeptides, the two cell lines were treated with two protein kinase C (PKC) activators, tumour promoting 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and bryostatin 1. 2D-PAGE of the treated cells revealed that the HGL line loses its unique polypeptides and expresses a new one. The new polypeptide has the same Mr and PI as that unique to the untreated IGL (95/4.7). TPA or bryostatin 1 treatment of the IGL line for 72 h induced no significant changes. Our data show a unidirectional change from HGL to IGL, supporting the clinical notion that HGL is less differentiated than IGL. It also shows the similarity in the mode of action of bryostatin 1 and TPA in inducing these polypeptide changes.
Fibrosis as a Major Mechanism of Chronic Liver Disease (2010)

Hepatic fibrosis and even cirrhosis have emerged as treatable and reversible consequences of chronic liver disease. With dramatic advances in understanding the cellular and molecular basis of fibrosis, there is increasing enthusiasm for new treatments that attack hepatic fibrosis directly. Basic research has focused on the hepatic stellate cell, which undergoes activation into a proliferative and fibrogenic myofibroblast-like cell during liver injury and is an important source of extracellular matrix in the liver. In addition, other fibrogenic populations, for example, portal fibroblasts, fibrocytes, and possibly bone-marrow-derived cells, as well as cells derived from epithelial–mesenchymal transition may be additional sources of extracellular matrix. Stimuli driving stellate cell activation include hepatocellular necrosis, apoptosis, and soluble growth factors. A cascade of signaling pathways and transcriptional events in stellate cells underlies the fibrogenic response to liver injury, with each step in the cascade representing a potential target for antifibrotic therapy. A key clinical challenge is to establish noninvasive means of assessing fibrosis stage and progression using serum tests, imaging, functional tests, and/or elastography. Given the slow course of disease progression, endpoints of antifibrotic clinical trials need to be established that provide evidence of benefit within a short interval. With continued progress, antifibrotic therapies will soon be a reality in treating chronic fibrosing liver disease.
Revisiting Power Systems Time-Domain Simulation Methods and Models (2023)

The changing nature of power systems dynamics is challenging present practices related to modeling and study of system-level dynamic behavior. While developing new techniques and models to handle the new modeling requirements, it is also critical to review some of the terminology used to describe existing simulation approaches and the embedded assumptions. This article provides a first-principles review of the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">simplifications</i> and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">transformations</i> commonly used in the formulation of time-domain simulation models. It introduces a taxonomy and classification of time-domain simulation models depending on their frequency bandwidth, network representation, and software availability. Furthermore, it focuses on the fundamental aspects of averaging techniques, and model reduction approaches that result in modeling choices, and discusses the associated challenges and opportunities of applying these methods in systems with large shares of Inverter Based Resources (IBRs). The article concludes with an illustrative simulation that compares the trajectories of an IBR-dominated system.
Short‐term primary culture of rat prostate tumor epithelial cells on reconstituted basement membrane as a useful in vitro model to assess drug action on prostatic cancer: Efficacy of the thiazolidinedione derivative CGP 19984 (1989)

A model system has been developed that permits short-term culture of rat R3327 prostate adenocarcinoma epithelial cells on a reconstituted basement membrane. Growth of prostate tumor cells under these conditions resulted in an enriched epithelial cell population that exhibited an eightfold increase in cell number in 10 days. This model system was used to test the efficacy of the thiazolidinedione derivative CGP 19984, a drug that inhibits luteinizing hormone secretion in vivo. At concentrations ranging between 1 and 25 micrograms/ml, CGP 19984 inhibited growth of the prostate tumor epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. The results thus demonstrate a direct effect of CGP 19984, which complements its indirect antitumor action in vivo, and suggest that this drug might be an effective agent for treatment of prostatic cancer. Moreover, growth of prostate tumor epithelial cells on a reconstituted basement membrane provides a useful system for in vitro testing of drugs for prostate cancer.
Up- and down-conversion materials for photovoltaic devices (2012)

Up-conversion (UC) and down-conversion (DC) of sunlight are two possible routes for improving energy harvesting over the whole solar spectrum. Via such processes it could be possible to exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit for a single-junction photovoltaic (PV) device. The effect of adding DC and UC layers to the front and rear of a solar cell, respectively, is to modify the incident solar spectrum. One of the materials more extensively studied for these propose have been the lanthanides or rare-earth systems, due to the suitability of their discrete energy levels for photon conversion inside a wide variety of host materials. While high quantum yields of 200% have been demonstrated with DC materials, there remain several barriers to realising such a layer that is applicable to a solar cell. These are, firstly, weak absorption of the lanthanide ions and, secondly, the competing loss mechanism of non-radiative recombination. For UC, these two barriers still exist, however an additional challenge is the non-linear nature of the UC process, thus favouring operation under concentrated sunlight. In this paper, we review the application of UC and DC to PV, discussing the material systems used and optical characterisation.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of caulibugulones A–E (2004)

The marine bryozoan metabolites caulibugulone A-E were prepared from a readily available isoquinoline dione. These natural products were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of the dual specificity phosphatase Cdc25B.
Determination of Low Levels of Mite and Insect Contaminants in Food and Feedstuffs by a Modified Flotation Method (2000)

Extraneous material was separated from feed and food products by a modified technique in which kerosene is used in a specially designed flotation flask. This technique, although effective for analyzing feed and foods, presented limitations in the analysis of finely powdered materials. Some procedural modifications and an increased in the capacity of the flotation flask from 500 to 750 mL allowed a larger sample weight (20 g) to be analyzed for mites, insect fragments, and rodent hairs, with considerably reduced residue interference. In trials with a variety of products seeded with known numbers of mites, average recovery was 83%. Recoveries of 89% were obtained from flour samples seeded with insect fragments and rodent hairs. A new process of suspending extracted mites in a mixture of industrial methylated spirit (46%) and glycerol (54%) by volume was used to allow rapid and more precise estimates of mite populations in heavily infested samples.
A Review of Immunotherapeutic Strategies in Canine Malignant Melanoma (2019)

In dogs, melanomas are relatively common tumors and the most common form of oral malignancy. Biological behavior is highly variable, usually aggressive, and frequently metastatic, with reported survival times of three months for oral or mucosal melanomas in advanced disease stages. Classical clinical management remains challenging; thus, novel and more efficacious treatment strategies are needed. Evidence-based medicine supports the role of the immune system to treat neoplastic diseases. Besides, immunotherapy offers the possibility of a precise medicinal approach to treat cancer. In recent years, multiple immunotherapeutic strategies have been developed, and are now recognized as a pillar of treatment. In addition, dogs represent a good model for translational medicine purposes. This review will cover the most relevant immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of canine malignant melanoma, divided among five different categories, namely, monoclonal antibodies, nonspecific immunotherapy activated by bacteria, vaccines, gene therapy, and lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy.
Modeling semantics and structure of discussion threads (2009)

The abundant knowledge in web communities has motivated the research interests in discussion threads. The dynamic nature of discussion threads poses interesting and challenging problems for computer scientists. Although techniques such as semantic models or structural models have been shown to be useful in a number of areas, they are inefficient in understanding discussion threads due to the temporal dependence among posts in a discussion thread. Such dependence causes that semantics and structure coupled with each other in discussion threads. In this paper, we propose a sparse coding-based model named SMSS to Simultaneously Model Semantic and Structure of discussion threads.
The standardisation of cloud computing: Trends in the state-of-the-art and management issues for the next generation of cloud (2013)

Roll-out of future cloud systems will be influenced by regulations from the standardisation bodies, if made available across the community. Trends in cloud deployment, operation and management to date have not been guided by any regulatory standards, and resources have been deployed in an ad hoc manner as demanded according to the business objectives of service providers. This is the least costly and most quickly revenue-returning business model. It is not however, the most cost-effective approach on a long-term basis: As a consequence of this roll-out model to date, the interoperability of resources deployed across clouds managed by different operators is restricted through inability to allocate workload to them in a regulated and controllable manner. The absence of standardised approaches to cloud management is therefore beginning to be accommodated such that the cost and performance advantages of interoperable operation may be exploited. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art in standards across the field and trends in their development. We present a model which defines the drivers for cloud interoperability and constraints which restrict the extent to which this may realistically occur in future scalable solutions. This is supplemented with discussion on future challenges foreseen with regard to cloud operation and the way in which standards require provision such that cloud interoperation may be accommodated. © 2013 The Science and Information Organization.
Human Factors in Medical Real Time Dialogue Systems: A Case Study (1980)

Monitoring patient and machine status in the operating room will be supported by small but powerful computers in the future. The added computer power will be used for diagnosis and decision aiding, as well as record keeping of events not automatically measurable. We looked at the problems and possible solutions in the case where information exchange between system and physician occurs via monitor and menu selection techniques, with the help of touch input interactions. Studies of the anesthetist's activities during heart surgery (one of the most complex operations) show that system adaptation to the user is extremely important to achieve system acceptance. Three design principles must therefore be observed: setting up situation dependent system configurations including user preferences and practice, building transparent systems by realizing the parallel user-interface, and putting as much consistency as possible into the system's behavior.
Experimental Infection of Pacific Island Mollusks with Angiostrongylus Cantonensis (1969)

Terrestrial, aquatic, and amphibious mollusks from Pacific islands were tested for susceptibility to infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. The terrestrial mollusks included five introduced species that occur commonly on high islands and 11 species typical of coral atolls. The aquatic and amphibious mollusks included species of five families of fresh-water snails, and one species of oyster. The veronicellid slug, Laevicaulus alte, was found to be a highly susceptible intermediate host of A. cantonensis, whereas two small subulinid snails, Subulina octona and Prosopeas javanicum, and a helicid snail, Bradybaena similaris, were relatively resistant. The limacid slug, Deroceras laeve, was of intermediate susceptibility when compared with the veronicellid and the snails. As a group, the atoll species were relatively resistant to A. cantonensis. With the exception of Biomphalaria glabrata, a laboratory-cultured aquatic snail not indigenous to the Pacific, the fresh-water snails were either completely or partially resistant. Attempts to infect one species of oyster were unsuccessful.
Gelchromatographie, 12. Gelchromatographisches Verhalten von Polyvinylalkoholgelen (1975)

Abstract Durch Hydrolyse von Copolymeren aus Vinylacetat und 1,4‐Bis(vinyloxy)butan werden vernetzte Polyvinylalkoholgele hergestellt und ihre Eignung als hydrophile stationäre Phase bei gelchromatographischen Trennungen mit Dextranen, Poly(äthylenoxid)en und Proteinen als Testsubstanzen geprüft. Die Gele sind druck‐ und biostabil und zeigen keine störende Adsorption. Je nach Herstellungsbedingungen werden Ausschlußmolekulargewichte bis zu 10 6 erzielt.
Exact and asymptotic tests for homogeneity in several 2×2 tables (1999)

This paper presents the results of a Monte Carlo study comparing the performance, in terms of size and power, of six exact and six asymptotic tests for the homogeneity of odds ratios in several 2 x 2 contingency tables. With a small sample size or sparse data structure, the exact tests performed better than the asymptotic tests because they maintained the nominal size and, in some situations, had slightly higher power. Among the exact tests, we recommend the Zelen, Pearson chi-square and scores tests. Among the asymptotic tests, the Breslow-Day and Pearson chi-square tests were slightly better in some situations than the unconditional and conditional score tests. However, both exact and asymptotic tests had low power for small strata sizes, even with moderate to large heterogeneity of odds ratios. Corroborating previous findings, the asymptotic unconditional likelihood ratio test was too liberal in terms of size.