gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of salt concentration and growth phase on MRSA solar and germicidal ultraviolet radiation resistance. (2005)

The extensive use of antimicrobial drugs has led to the widespread emergence of resistant bacterial strains. One such organism, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is now found extensively in both healthcare facilities and diverse community settings such as households, correctional facilities, and athletic teams. The importance of ultraviolet radiation as an adjunctive therapy to reduce bioburden and improve wound status in patients has been documented. An in vitro study to assess the effects of different types of ultraviolet radiation on antibiotic-resistant strains was conducted to provide information that will aid in the development of rational UV irradiation medical protocols. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was found to be sensitive to both germicidal (ultraviolet C) and solar (ultraviolet A and B) ultraviolet radiation (ultraviolet C substantially more lethal). For both types of ultraviolet radiation, as the medium concentration of sodium chloride increased, the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cells exhibited increased sensitivity. It also was shown for both types of ultraviolet radiation that kill curves were comparable for log and stationary phase methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cells. Photoreactivation was observed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO-1 but not for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus when ultraviolet C was applied to log phase cells. The Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO-1 was considerably more sensitive than the Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to ultraviolet C radiation. The experiments reveal that medium composition exerts a substantial effect on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ultraviolet resistance and that this species lacks photoreactivation capacity. This suggests that in a clinical setting, eradication of the bacterium may be achieved at far lower doses of ultraviolet radiation than would be indicated by treatment protocols that do not account for ionic conditions.
Band structure and characterization of dilute Ge:C alloys (2015)

Experimental growth of Ge:C with 0.2% C shows a splitting in the direct conduction band valley of 50 meV. Ab initio simulations of the band structure show a gamma valley decrease of 170 meV/%C.
An Integrated Peptide-Antigen Microarray on Plasmonic Gold Films for Sensitive Human Antibody Profiling (2013)

High-throughput screening for interactions of peptides with a variety of antibody targets could greatly facilitate proteomic analysis for epitope mapping, enzyme profiling, drug discovery and biomarker identification. Peptide microarrays are suited for such undertaking because of their high-throughput capability. However, existing peptide microarrays lack the sensitivity needed for detecting low abundance proteins or low affinity peptide-protein interactions. This work presents a new peptide microarray platform constructed on nanostructured plasmonic gold substrates capable of metal enhanced NIR fluorescence enhancement (NIR-FE) by hundreds of folds for screening peptide-antibody interactions with ultrahigh sensitivity. Further, an integrated histone peptide and whole antigen array is developed on the same plasmonic gold chip for profiling human antibodies in the sera of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, revealing that collectively a panel of biomarkers against unmodified and post-translationally modified histone peptides and several whole antigens allow more accurate differentiation of SLE patients from healthy individuals than profiling biomarkers against peptides or whole antigens alone.
A review of the frequency and impact of periodontal disease in dogs (2020)

Periodontal disease is a frequent problem seen in veterinary practices. Primary-care veterinary practices, where diagnosis of periodontal disease is predominantly based on visual oral assessment of conscious dogs, report an average prevalence of 9.3 to 18.2% within the dog population. Detailed examinations of anaesthetised dogs report much higher prevalence of between 44 and 100%. The prevalence and severity of periodontitis varies between sizes of dogs, breeds and individuals. The lack of robust evaluation of these variances opens the opportunity for a review of the topic. A literature search was therefore undertaken to determine the frequency and extent (severity and oral location) of periodontal disease in the dog population. Both clinical and retrospective data based surveys of veterinary records, show there is an increased likelihood of developing periodontitis as age increases and with bodyweight decreases. The maxillary and mandibular incisors, fourth premolars and first molars are likely to develop the disease first although in some breeds the canines may also be involved. Poor oral care is a significant risk factor for the development of periodontal disease although diet, behaviour, environment and genetics are also likely to play a role. The information provided in this review can be used by veterinarians to improve the effectiveness of their diagnosis, treatments and interventions by focussing their efforts on the sizes, breeds and individuals most at risk. Given the potential link between periodontal disease and systemic health, veterinarians have the opportunity to positively impact the quality of life of a large number of dogs and therefore their owners.
Discrimination of normal, inflammatory, premalignant, and malignant oral tissue: A Raman spectroscopy study (2005)

Optical spectroscopy methods are fast emerging as potential alternatives for early diagnosis of cancer. A Raman spectroscopy method for discrimination of normal and malignant oral tissues has been developed by us earlier. It is necessary to evaluate and establish the validity of the approach before it can be routinely used. In the present study, our Raman spectroscopy investigations are extended further to evaluate the efficacy of the technique to discriminate between normal, inflammatory, premalignant, and malignant conditions in oral tissue. Spectral profiles of normal, malignant, premalignant, and inflammatory conditions show pronounced differences between one another. Spectra of normal tissues can be attributed mainly to lipids whereas pathological tissue spectra are dominated by proteins. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the spectral data sets belonging to the four different categories showed that scores of factors differentiated between normal and all pathological conditions but gave only poor discrimination among the three pathological states. PCA combined with multiparameter limit tests allow match/mismatch criteria to be applied to test samples when pathologically certified calibration sets are available in each class. It is shown that by this method all the four tissue types could be discriminated and diagnosed correctly. The biochemical differences between normal and pathological conditions of oral tissue are also discussed from spectral differences of the different classes of spectra.
Imaging and quantifying ganglion cells and other transparent neurons in the living human retina (2017)

Ganglion cells (GCs) are fundamental to retinal neural circuitry, processing photoreceptor signals for transmission to the brain via their axons. However, much remains unknown about their role in vision and their vulnerability to disease leading to blindness. A major bottleneck has been our inability to observe GCs and their degeneration in the living human eye. Despite two decades of development of optical technologies to image cells in the living human retina, GCs remain elusive due to their high optical translucency. Failure of conventional imaging-using predominately singly scattered light-to reveal GCs has led to a focus on multiply-scattered, fluorescence, two-photon, and phase imaging techniques to enhance GC contrast. Here, we show that singly scattered light actually carries substantial information that reveals GC somas, axons, and other retinal neurons and permits their quantitative analysis. We perform morphometry on GC layer somas, including projection of GCs onto photoreceptors and identification of the primary GC subtypes, even beneath nerve fibers. We obtained singly scattered images by: (<i>i</i>) marrying adaptive optics to optical coherence tomography to avoid optical blurring of the eye; (<i>ii</i>) performing 3D subcellular image registration to avoid motion blur; and (<i>iii</i>) using organelle motility inside somas as an intrinsic contrast agent. Moreover, through-focus imaging offers the potential to spatially map individual GCs to underlying amacrine, bipolar, horizontal, photoreceptor, and retinal pigment epithelium cells, thus exposing the anatomical substrate for neural processing of visual information. This imaging modality is also a tool for improving clinical diagnosis and assessing treatment of retinal disease.
Impacts of Humidity and Temperature on the Performance of Transparent Conducting Zinc Oxide (2010)

The impact of humidity and temperature on a zinc oxide based transparent conducting oxide (TCO) was assessed under accelerated aging conditions. An in situ electroanalytical method was used to monitor the electrical properties for a conducting zinc oxide under controlled atmospheric (humidity, temperature and irradiation) conditions. A review of thin film photovoltaic (PV) literature has shown one major failure mode of cells/modules is associated with the ingress of water into modules in the field. Water contamination has been shown to degrade the performance of the TCO in addition to corroding interconnects and other conductive metals/materials associated with the module. Water ingress is particularly problematic in flexible thin film PV modules since traditional encapsulates such as poly(ethyl vinyl acetate) (EVA) have high water vapor transmission rates. The accelerated aging studies of the zinc oxide based TCOs will allow acceleration factors and kinetic parameters to be determined for reliability purposes.
Hyperlipidemia-Triggered Neutrophilia Promotes Early Atherosclerosis (2010)

Our data provide evidence that hypercholesterolemia-induced neutrophilia is multifactorial and that neutrophils infiltrate arteries primarily during early stages of atherosclerosis. Collectively, these data suggest an important role of neutrophils in the initiation of atherosclerosis.
Single‐layered multi‐color electrowetting display by using ink‐jet‐printing technology and fluid‐motion prediction with simulation (2011)

Abstract— This paper describes a single‐layered multi‐color electrowetting display (EWD) by using ink‐jet‐printing (IJP) technology and comparing different pattern electrodes with the use of the numerical investigations of ANSYS FLUENT®. This work consists of two parts: the first describes the design of implementing a single‐layered multi‐color EWD and the second demonstrates the application of ANSYS FLUENT® simulation in different pattern electrodes settings on the proposed EWD. The single‐layered multi‐color EW device was evaluated by using various colored oils without adopting a color filter. The single‐layered multi‐color EWD at a driving voltage of 25 V can achieve a maximum aperture ratio and reflectivity of 80% and 38.5%, respectively. The colored saturation of R, G, B oils can increase to 50% (NTSC: 13.3–27.8%). In addition, a radiate electrode at the required viewable area condition of 85% and force 5 * F k , which results in ink stable contraction and a shorter response time of 50% (radiate vs. square), was proposed. The experimental results and simulation demonstrate that ink‐jet‐printing (IJP) technology along with the use of radiate electrodes can result in a single‐layered multi‐color EWD with a shorter response time.
Crack detection of a beam using the Wavelet Transform (1994)

The dynamic behaviour of a structure changes when it is subject to damage such as cracking. Recently research has been directed at employing conventional Modal Analysis techniques to investigate this change in simple structures and to study the dependency on the location and size of a crack. The use of the modeshapes to characterise the dynamic behaviour of the structure would require several accelerometers spaced across the structure. As described in this article, a technique has been developed making use of the Wavelet Transform which can be applied to detect the presence of the crack using the measurement from a single accelerometer strategically located on the structure. The method has proved mow sensitive in detecting relatively small cracks than the techniques that attempt to use the shift in resonant frrquencies in the measrxed Frequency Response Function to identify the presence of damage. The study described has been undertaken by simulating a cracked cantilever beam using a simple finite element model to provide data for the analysis. In this case the stiffness matrix, which is affected by the presence of the crack, has been derived from the integration of stress intensit,y fact.ors. The model t,akes into account the effect of crack opening and closing.
DICTIONARY OF THE ECONOMIC PRODUCTS OF INDIA pages 174 to 400 (2014)

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Vibrationally inelastic H + D 2 collisions are forward-scattered (2008)

We have measured differential cross sections (DCSs) for the vibrationally inelastic scattering process H + o-D(2)(v = 0, j = 0,2) --> H + o-D(2)(v' = 1-4, j' even). Several different collision energies and nearly the entire range of populated product quantum states are studied. The products are dominantly forward-scattered in all cases. This behavior is the opposite of what is predicted by the conventional textbook mechanism, in which collisions at small impact parameters compress the bond and cause the products to recoil in the backward direction. Recent quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) calculations examining only the o-D(2)(v' = 3, j') products suggest that vibrationally inelastic scattering is the result of a frustrated reaction in which the D-D bond is stretched, but not broken, during the collision. These QCT calculations provide a qualitative explanation for the observed forward-scattering, but they do not agree with experiments at the lowest values of j'. The present work shows that quantum mechanical calculations agree closely with experiments and expands upon previous results to show that forward-scattering is universally observed in vibrationally inelastic H + D(2) collisions over a broad range of conditions.
Understanding stress (2009)

Much research has been conducted into stress over the last 100 years. Some of the theories behind it are now settled and accepted; others are still being researched and debated. During this time, there seems to have been something approaching open warfare between competing theories and definitions.
Synthèse et caractérisation de membranes hybrides pour la conduction des ions lithium, et application dans les batteries lithium-air à électrolyte aqueux (2016)

Aqueous lithium-air batteries could be a revolution in energy storage, but the main limitation is the use of a thick glass-ceramic lithium ionic conductor to isolate the metallic lithium from the aqueous electrolyte. This makes the system more fragile, limits its cyclability and increases ohmic resistance. The aim of this work is to replace the glass-ceramic by a hybrid membrane made by electrospinning, which combines water tightness, flexibility and lithium-ions conductivity. The ionic conductivity is provided by a nanostructured solid electrolyte ceramic: both Li1,4Al0,4Ti1,6(PO4)3 (LATP) and Li0,33La0,57TiO3 (LLTO) were studied. The water tightness is ensured by a fluorinated polymer. Different powders synthesis methods are reported and compared in terms of purity, microstructure, specific surface area and electrochemical properties. Especially, the LATP microwave-assisted synthesis is reported for the first time. Sub-micrometric LATP particles were obtained in times as short as 2 min. The fabrication of hybrid membranes from suspension is then reported. In a second approach, the coupling between sol-gel chemistry and electrospinning made possible the fabrication of a self-standing lithium-conducting network, made of interconnected crystalline nanofibers. After an impregnation step, a flexible, lithium-conducting and watertight hybrid membrane is obtained. A mechanical reinforcement is observed, which is attributed to the inorganic nanofibers. This approach is exposed for both LATP and LLTO solid electrolytes. This work opens new prospects in lithium-air, lithium-sulfur and lithium-ion batteries.
640 Gb/s (64×12.3 Gb/s) 12,700 km RZ-DPSK WDM transmission with 75 km repeater spacing (2005)

Feasibility of a 640 Gb/s over 12,700 km WDM transmission is evaluated. Utilizing 75 km repeater spacing and 18 nm C-band EDFAs, this demonstration shows high potential for the next generation transpacific communication systems. (2 pages)
Differentiation of Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Alveolar Epithelial Cells In Vitro for Use In Vivo (2014)

Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent new opportunities in lung tissue engineering and cell therapy. In this study, we modified a two-step protocol for embryonic stem cells that resulted in a yield of ∼9% surfactant protein C (SPC)(+) alveolar epithelial type II (AEC II) cells from mouse iPSCs in a 12-day period. The differentiated iPSCs showed morphological characteristics similar to those of AEC II cells. When differentiated iPSCs were seeded and cultured in a decellularized mouse lung scaffold, the cells reformed an alveolar structure and expressed SPC or T1α protein (markers of AEC II or AEC I cells, respectively). Finally, the differentiated iPSCs were instilled intratracheally into a bleomycin-induced mouse acute lung injury model. The transplanted cells integrated into the lung alveolar structure and expressed SPC and T1α. Significantly reduced lung inflammation and decreased collagen deposition were observed following differentiated iPSC transplantation. In conclusion, we report a simple and rapid protocol for in vitro differentiation of mouse iPSCs into AECs. Differentiated iPSCs show potential for regenerating three-dimensional alveolar lung structure and can be used to abrogate lung injury.
Real-Time Multibody Model-Based Heads-Up Display Unit of a Tractor (2021)

The concept of heads-up display can be used to provide augmented information onto the windshield of a tractor. The objective of this paper is to introduce a detailed real-time multibody model that is used in the design of a novel heads-up display unit of a tractor. To this end, a tractor is described using a multibody dynamics approach. A heads-up display unit is designed using a series of tasks that are associated with sets of logical conditions and instructions. These conditions and instructions, in turn, determine/design the analog and digital gauges. The gauges are linked with the virtual sensors installed at a number of locations on the tractor. In this study, the heads-up display unit includes elements, such as tachometer, speedometer, roll inclinometer, gear indicator, fuel gauge, and bucket height, tilt, and weight indicators. The effectiveness of the heads-up display unit is determined based on a goal of moving a certain amount of sand from one place to another. The results demonstrate the utility of the heads-up display unit.
Antibodies defining rat endothelial cells: RECA-1, a pan-endothelial cell-specific monoclonal antibody. (1992)

We have been searching for antibodies reactive with rat endothelial cells. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAb), named RECA-1 and RECA-2 were produced and tested in immunoperoxidase staining on frozen sections of various rat tissues. Staining patterns were compared to those obtained with the mAbs OX-2, OX-26, OX-43, and the polyclonal antibody to von Willebrand Factor (vWF), which all have been described to react with rat endothelial cells. The RECA-2 mAb showed staining patterns similar to those obtained with OX-2. RECA-1 showed to be the only antibody reactive with all vascular endothelium in the tested tissues. In addition, RECA-1 was endothelial cell-specific whereas all other antibodies crossreacted with one or more other cell types. No reactivity of RECA-1 was found in various tested species other than rat. The RECA-1 antibody was successfully applied in staining of paraformaldehyde fixed, plastic embedded tissue material. Immunofluorescence staining of viable endothelial cells demonstrated that RECA-1 recognizes a cell surface antigen. This was supported by intravenous injection of RECA-1, which showed the antibody to localize along the endothelium lining the vasculature in various organs tested. No reactivity of the antibody was seen when applied in immunoblotting of PAGE-run lysates from endothelial cell cultures and stromal cell preparations. We believe RECA-1 to be a promising antibody for rat endothelial cell studies, and in particular for further defining nature and function of endothelial cell-specific antigens.
Localization of Jet Engine Position from HRRP-JEM Images of Aircraft Targets Using Eccentricity of Complex-Valued Signals (2013)

2005년에 처음 소개된 HRRP-JEM(High Resolution Range Profile-Jet Engine Modulation) 영상은 항공기 표적에 탑재된 제트 엔진의 장착 위치를 추정함으로써 레이더 표적 인식을 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 복소 신호의 이심률을 기반으로 HRRP-JEM 영상에서 제트 엔진 위치를 추정하기 위한 새로운 접근법을 제시한다. 복소 신호의 이심률은 HRRP-JEM 영상을 구성하는 어떤 거리 성분(range bin)에서의 레이더 수신 신호에 미치는 JEM 성분의 기여도를 효과적으로 산출할 수 있다. 따라서 JEM 성분의 기여도가 가장 큰 거리 성분이 제트 엔진의 위치에 해당하며, 이를 짚어냄으로써 보다 정량적이고 신뢰성 있는 제트 엔진 위치 추정이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 사실적인 항공기 모델의 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 본 논문에서 제안한 개념의 유효성을 입증하였다. High Resolution Range Profile-Jet Engine Modulation imagery first introduced in 2005 carries out radar target recognition by localizing the position of the jet engine installed on the aircraft target. This paper presents a new approach for estimating the jet engine position in the HRRP-JEM image based on the eccentricity of a complex signal. It can effectively evaluate the contribution of the JEM component to the radar received signal in a range bin of the HRRP-JEM image. Therefore, the localization is expected to be performed more quantitatively and reliably by pinpointing the range bin corresponding to the jet engine position where the JEM contribution is maximized. The simulation results of realistic aircraft models validated the effectiveness of the proposed concept.
Towards a multiscale model of colorectal cancer (2007)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the best characterised cancers, with extensive data documenting the sequential gene mutations that underlie its development. Complementary datasets are also being generated describing changes in protein and RNA expression, tumour biology and clinical outcome. Both the quantity and the variety of information are inexorably increasing and there is now an accompanying need to integrate these highly disparate datasets. In this article we aim to explain why we believe that mathematical modelling represents a natural tool or language with which to integrate these data and, in so doing, to provide insight into CRC.
Elucidation of the Interactions between C99, Presenilin, and Nicastrin by the Split-Ubiquitin Assay (2004)

The interactions between C99, presenilin, and nicastrin were investigated by a split-ubiquitin assay. We found that C99 homodimerizes and binds weakly to presenilin and strongly to nicastrin. Domain mapping assays revealed the transmembrane and cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal region of C99 is sufficient for the dimerization of C99 and the interaction between C99 and nicastrin. The extracellular domain of C99 is responsible for binding to presenilin. Nicastrin bound to C99 via its transmembrane domain and carboxy-terminal region. These observations suggest that dimerized (or oligomerized) C99 directly interacts with presenilin, and that this interaction is facilitated by nicastrin.
ChemInform Abstract: GENERATION AND TRAPPING OF 6,6‐DIMETHYL‐6‐SILAFULVENE (1981)

Abstract Stabilitäten von 6‐Sil‐a‐ful‐ Venen wie (I) werden diskutiert.