gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erhebungsbogen zur Anamnese und Diagnostik des trockenen Auges (2010)

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is one of the most common ocular diseases world-wide. These patients suffer from severe symptoms which lead to an extremely reduced quality of life. Dry eye syndrome constitutes a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to all ophthalmologists because there is often a discrepancy between objective ocular signs and subjective symptoms of the patients. Furthermore, there exist only few causal therapeutic options. The physician-patient relationship plays an outstanding role in this condition. For the treatment of moderate to severe dry eye syndrome, special dry eye clinics have proved to be extremely useful. For follow-up measurements as well as the realisation of evidence-based medicine and quality control, it is a fundamental necessity to document symptoms, signs and therapy of these patients in order to optimise therapeutic strategies. For this purpose, we have developed special forms and standardised questionnaires for the individual documentation of medical history and diagnostic findings. To objectively assess the patient's complaints we use the "ocular surface disease index" (OSDI score). Only the establishment of standardised diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms with the help of special forms and questionnaires can help in the long run to improve the treatment of these severely affected patients.
Acidification of endocytic vesicles by an ATP-dependent proton pump. (1983)

One of the early events in the pathway of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the acidification of the newly formed endocytic vesicle. To examine the mechanism of acidification, we used fluorescein-labeled alpha 2-macroglobulin (F-alpha 2M) as a probe for endocytic vesicle pH. Changes in pH were determined from the change in fluorescein fluorescence at 490-nm excitation as measured with a microscope spectrofluorometer. After endocytosis of F-alpha 2M, mouse fibroblast cells were permeabilized by brief exposure to the detergent digitonin. Treatment with the ionophore monensin or the protonophore carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) caused a rapid increase in the pH of the endocytic vesicle. Upon removal of the ionophore, the endocytic vesicle rapidly acidified only when MgATP or MgGTP was added. Neither ADP nor the nonhydrolyzable analog, adenosine 5'-(beta, gamma-imido)triphosphate (AMP-PNP) could support acidification. The ATP-dependent acidification did not require a specific cation or anion in the external media. Acidification was insensitive to vanadate and amiloride but was inhibited by Zn2+ and the anion transport inhibitor diisothiocyanostilbene disulfonic acid (DIDS). We also examined the acidification of lysosomes with the permeabilized cell system, using fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran as probe. DIDS inhibited the ATP-dependent reacidification of lysosomes, although at a lower concentration than that for inhibition of endocytic vesicle reacidification. These results demonstrate that endocytic vesicles contain an ATP-dependent acidification mechanism that shares similar characteristics with the previously described lysosomal proton pump.
Interference Cancellation in Multiuser Hybrid Overlay Cognitive Radio (2013)

International audience
ESTABLISHMENT OF A CEMENT QUALITY PREDICTIVE SYSTEM─ANALYSES OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES OF CEMENT─ (2012)

ニューラルネットワークを利用したセメント品質予測システムを開発した。本システムは既往のデータを用いて、セメントのキャラクターからプロパティーを予測する。模擬的な関数を用いた検証により、本システムの有効性と実運用の方向性が示された。XRD/リートベルト法分析結果等のセメント品質データを本システムに適用することで、既往の知見と一致する傾向の予測結果、及び、従来手法同等以上の予測精度が得られた。本システムの継続的運用及び更なるデータ追加により、これまで以上の品質の安定化、リサイクル原単位向上、及び製造プロセスの最適化が可能となる。
Privacy-Preserving Platform for Transactive Energy Systems (2017)

Transactive energy systems (TES) are emerging as a transformative solution for the problems faced by distribution system operators due to an increase in the use of distributed energy resources and a rapid acceleration in renewable energy generation. These, on one hand, pose a decentralized power system controls problem, requiring strategic microgrid control to maintain stability for the community and for the utility. On the other hand, they require robust financial markets operating on distributed software platforms that preserve privacy. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a novel, blockchain-based transactive energy system. We outline the key requirements and motivation of this platform, describe the lessons learned, and provide a description of key architectural components of this system.
Ligand regulation of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors: implications for development of novel therapeutics (2010)

Recent studies have established roles for the RORs in physiological development and the advent of disease. Identification of ligands for the RORs, both endogenous and synthetic, has established these receptors as attractive new therapeutic targets for the treatment of ROR-related diseases.
Comparative activity of cisplatin, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, carboplatin, and etoposide in heterotransplanted hepatoblastoma (1998)

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time an in vivo model for analyzing the effects of chemotherapy on hepatoblastoma has been established. The animal model may be suited for the evaluation of new drugs for the treatment of hepatoblastoma and for the investigation of multidrug resistance mechanisms in hepatoblastoma.
Tempol Reduces the Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB in Acute Inflammation (2004)

Recent studies have demonstrated that Tempol, a membrane-permeable radical scavenger, exerts protective effects in various models of inflammation and shock. Since nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a transcription factor, which plays a pivotal role in the induction of genes involved in physiological processes as well as in the response to inflammation, we have investigated the effect of Tempol on NF-kappaB activation in a model of acute inflammation in mice. Injection of carrageenan into the pleural cavity of mice induced an acute inflammatory response characterized by fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, which contained a large number of neutrophils, as well as an increased production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha). Tempol (100mg/kg i.p 30min prior to carrageenan administration) significantly attenuated the degree of pleuritis caused by carageeenan (all parameters measured). Administration of carageeenan into the chest cavity (pleuritis) was associated with the activation of NF-kappaB in the lung. In particular, the appearance of IkappaB-alpha in homogenates of lung tissue was investigated by immunoblot analysis at 4h after carrageenan administration. IkappaB-alpha levels were substantially reduced in the lung tissue from carrageenan-treated mice in comparison with sham-treated mice. Furthermore, to detect any effects of Tempol on NF-kappaB/DNA binding, lung extracts were analyzed by EMSA. The DNA binding activity significantly increased in extracts obtained from lungs of vehicle-treated mice at 4h after carrageenan administration. Treatment of mice with Tempol caused a significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced IkappaB-alpha degradation and NF-kappaB/DNA binding activity. These data confirm that Tempol exerts potent anti-inflammatory properties and clearly demonstrates for the first time that Tempol reduces the activation of NF-kappaB in vivo.
User's Guide for CFSQP Version 2.0: A C Code for Solving (Large Scale) Constrained Nonlinear (Minimax) Optimization Problems, Generating Iterates Satisfying All Inequality Constraints (1994)

CFSQP is a set of C functions for the minimization of the maximum of a set of smooth objective functions (possibly a single one) subject to general smooth constraints. If the initial guess provided by the user is infeasible for some inequality constraint or some linear equality constraint, CFSQP first generates a feasible point for these constraints; subsequently the successive iterates generated by CFSQP all satisfy these constraints. Nonlinear equality constraints are turned into inequality constraints (to be satisfied by all iterates) and the maximum of the objective functions is replaced by an exact penalty function which penalizes nonlinear equality constraint violations only. When solving problems with many sequentially related constraints (or objectives), such as discretized semi- infinite programming (SIP) problems, CFSQP gives the user the option to use an algorithm that efficiently solves these problems, greatly reducing computational effort. The user has the option of either requiring that the objective function (penalty function if nonlinear equality constraints are present) decrease at each iteration after feasibility for nonlinear inequality and linear constraints has been reached (monotone line search), or requiring a decrease within at most four iterations (nonmonotone line search). He/She must provide functions that define the objective functions and constraint functions and may either provide functions to compute the respective gradients or require that CFSQP estimate them by forward finite differences.<P>CFSQP is an implementation of two algorithms based on Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP), modified so as to generate feasible iterates. In the first one (monotone line search), a certain Armijo type arc search is used with the property that the step of one is eventually accepted, a requirement for superlinear convergence. In the second one the same effect is achieved by means of a "nonmonotone" search along a straight line. The merit function used in both searches is the maximum of the objective functions if there is no nonlinear equality constraints, or an exact penalty function if nonlinear equality constraints are present.<P>
Improving broadcast operations in ad hoc networks using two-hop connected dominating sets (2005)

Many signaling or data forwarding operations (e.g., the route discovery process in on-demand routing protocols) involve the broadcasting of packets, which incurs considerable collisions in ad hoc networks based on a contention-based channel access protocol. We propose the three-hop horizon pruning (THP) algorithm to reduce the impact of broadcasting. THP can either compute a connected dominating set (CDS) or a two-hop connected dominating set (TCDS). Each node uses THP to select the smallest subset of its one-hop neighbors that use its two-hop neighbors to reach other nodes three hops away. When all nodes need to be covered (i.e., a CDS is needed), additional relays are selected to cover those two-hop neighbors left uncovered. We compare THP against the best-performing broadcasting algorithms, and show through extensive simulations that THP is more efficient. To show how THP can improve the route discovery process of an on demand routing protocol, we apply THP to AODV (the new variant is named AODV-THP), and also provide a version of THP that provides added redundancy. Simulation results show that, for networks with low mobility, AODV-THP improves over AODVs performance in all aspects: better delivery ratio, lower control overhead, fewer packet collisions, and smaller end-to-end delays.
Comparison of quantum oracles (2002)

A standard quantum oracle ${S}_{f}$ for a general function $f: {Z}_{N}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{Z}_{N}$ is defined to act on two input states and return two outputs, with inputs $|i〉$ and $|j〉 (i,j\ensuremath{\in}{Z}_{N})$ returning outputs $|i〉$ and $|j\ensuremath{\bigoplus}f(i)〉.$ However, if f is known to be a one-to-one function, a simpler oracle, ${M}_{f},$ which returns $|f(i)〉$ given $|i〉,$ can also be defined. We consider the relative strengths of these oracles. We define a simple promise problem that minimal quantum oracles can solve exponentially faster than classical oracles, via an algorithm that cannot be naively adapted to standard quantum oracles. We show that ${S}_{f}$ can be constructed by invoking ${M}_{f}$ and ${(M}_{f}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ once each, while $\ensuremath{\Theta}(\sqrt{N})$ invocations of ${S}_{f}$ and/or ${(S}_{f}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ are required to construct ${M}_{f}.$
Stoichiometry of metal‐tetracycline/H+ antiport mediated by transposon Tn10‐encoded tetracycline resistance protein in Escherichia coli (1991)

The tetracycline resistance protein (TetA) endoded by transposon Tn10 mediates the efflux of divalent cation-tetracycline chelating complexes [Yamaguchi, A., Udagawa, T. and Sawai, T. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 4809-4813]. It was confirmed that protons were antiported with the complexes through an electrically-neutral process because the antiport consumed delta pH but not delta psi. The quantitative relationship between delta pH and delta pTC determined by a flow-dialysis method clearly indicated a 1:1 stoichiometry of the monocationic metal-tetracycline/H+ exchange.
Nitrile hydratase involved in aldoxime metabolism from Rhodococcus sp. strain YH3‐3 (1999)

Nitrile hydratase responsible for aldoxime metabolism from the E-pyridine-3-aldoxime degrading bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. strain YH3-3 was purified and characterized. Addition of cobalt ion was necessary for the formation of enzyme. The enzyme activity was highly induced not only by nitriles and amides but also by several aldoxime compounds. The enzyme was purified approximately 108-fold with a 16% yield from the cell-free extract of the strain. The native enzyme had a Mr of approximately 130 000 and consisted of two subunits (alpha-subunit, 27 100; beta-subunit, 34 500). The enzyme contained approximately 2 mol cobalt per mol enzyme; it showed a maximum activity at 60 degrees C and at 40 degrees C under the rate assay and end-point assay conditions, respectively, and was stable over a wide range of pH (pH 2.5-11.0). The enzyme had a wide substrate specificity: it acted on aliphatic saturated and unsaturated as well as aromatic nitriles. The N-terminus of the beta-subunit showed good sequence similarities with those of other nitrile hydratases. Nitrile hydratase is part of the metabolic pathway for aldoximes in microorganisms.
Cross Interaction Constants As a Measure of the Transition State Structure (Part 2). Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Phenacyl Bromides with Aniline in Methanol-Acetonitrile Mixtures (1988)

Kinetics and mechanism of the nucleophilic substitution reactions of phenacyl bromides with anilines in methanol-acetonitrile mixtures at are reported. The reaction is found to proceed via process, but the magnitudes of cross interaction constants, , between substituents X in the nucleophile and Y in substrate were unusually small, even after allowing for the fall off due to non-conjugative intervening -CO group in the reactant. As in the other phenacyl derivatives, the resonance shunt phenomenon was invoked to explain the remarkable diminuation of the values.
Insights into the Stability of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks in Humid Acidic Environments from First-Principles Calculations (2018)

Understanding the degradation mechanisms of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) is crucial to improve their chemical stability and realize their potential industrial applications. Here, we conduct a comprehensive study utilizing dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations to investigate the chemical stability of bulk ZIFs and their external surfaces under conditions of acid-gas exposure. We examine the influence of steric factors such as topology and ligand functionalization on the relative chemical stability of prototypical ZIFs (ZIF-2 and ZIF-8), including their hypothetical polymorphs. We find that defect formation is more thermodynamically and kinetically favorable at ZIF external surfaces versus the bulk, and that both topology and ligand functionalization impact defect formation. In addition, we provide a detailed mechanism for the reaction of ZIFs with sulfurous and sulfuric acids, of which the latter serves as a catalyst in potential degradation reactions of ZIFs. We also provide information about the adsorption strength of a range of acid gases to defective ZIF structures, which can inform potential strategies to regenerate ZIFs and/or achieve defect engineering in these materials.
L–1 0 ordering and microstructure of FePt thin films with Cu, Ag, and Au additive (2002)

The influence of Cu, Ag, and Au additives on the L10 ordering, texture, and grain size of FePt thin films has been examined. Lattice parameter data indicated that Au and Ag additives tended to segregate from FePt, but Cu alloyed with FePt. FePt films with Au or Ag additive showed 1–2 kOe higher coercivity values compared to a pure FePt film after annealing at 450 °C and above for 10 min. The addition of at least 20 vol. % Cu to FePt boosted average coercivity values and increased (001)/(002) x-ray peak intensity ratios, suggesting an accelerated L10 ordering process for annealing temperatures exceeding 350 °C. Decreasing the film thickness promoted (001) film texture in FePt+20% Cu films, but higher annealing temperatures were required to achieve large coercivity. Au and Ag limited the average grain size compared to a pure FePt film. Cu additive increased the average grain size and film roughness.
Severe Gastrointestinal Bleeding After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, 1987–1997: Incidence, Causes, and Outcome (2001)

Severe GI bleeding after hematopoietic cell transplantation is commonly due to lesions that are unusual in nontransplant patients. The frequency of GI bleeding appears to have decreased over the last decade, but the reasons have not been readily apparent. We sought to determine the incidence of severe bleeding during two time periods, to describe the causes and outcomes of bleeding, and to analyze the reasons behind an apparent decline in severe bleeding over the decade covered.During 1986-1987 and 1996-1997, we followed all patients with and without severe bleeding at our institution, a marrow transplant center.Over this decade, the incidence of severe bleeding declined from 50/467 (10.7%) to 15/635 (2.4%) (p < 0.0001). Overall mortality from intestinal bleeding declined from 3.6% to 0.9% (p = 0.002), but mortality in those with bleeding remained high (34% vs 40%). The onset (day 42 vs 47) and platelet counts (35,994 vs 37,600/microl) were similar, but the sites and causes of bleeding were different. During 1986-1987, 27/50 patients bled from multiple GI sites, viral and fungal ulcers, or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Over the decade, bleeding from GVHD had decreased 80% (p < 0.0001), and bleeding from viral (p < 0.0001) and fungal (p = 0.023) ulcers almost disappeared.The incidence of severe GI bleeding has declined significantly over the last decade because of prevention of viral and fungal infections and severe acute GVHD. However, severe bleeding after transplant remains a highly morbid event, particularly among patients with GVHD.
Phosphocreatine and Creatine Kinase in Energetic Metabolism of the Porcine Carotid Artery (1995)

The flux ratio (flux forward over flux reverse) was 0.94 +/- 0.13 which was considered to be indicative of CK being at equilibrium in the resting porcine carotid artery. The rate of the CK reaction is rapid enough to assume a two-site kinetic exchange not limiting energetic supply during hypoxia-induced relaxation.
Carrierless Amplitude–Phase Modulation (2003)

Abstract Carrierless Amplitude‐Phase Modulation (CAP) is a two‐dimensional digital modulation system very similar to Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). As in QAM, the modulated signal consists of two passband signals occupying the same spectrum. Instead of using explicit modulation by a pair of quadrature carriers as in QAM, CAP achieves orthogonality by passing the data signals through a pair of band‐pass filters which constitute a Hilbert pair. CAP has found application particularly in Digital Subscriber Line systems.
The antiseptic Miramistin: a review of its comparative in vitro and clinical activity (2020)

Miramistin is a topical antiseptic with broad antimicrobial action, including activity against biofilms and a clinical profile showing good tolerability. Miramistin was developed within a framework of the Soviet Union Cold War Space Program. It is available for clinical use in several prior Soviet bloc countries, but barely known outside of these countries and there is almost no mention of miramistin in the English literature. However, considering emerging antimicrobial resistance, the significant potential of miramistin justifies its re-evaluation for use in other geographical areas and conditions. The review consists of two parts: (i) a review of the existing literature on miramistin in English, Russian and Ukrainian languages; (ii) a summary of most commonly used antiseptics as comparators of miramistin. The oral LD50 was 1200 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 100 g/L in rats, mice and fish, respectively. Based on the results of the review, we suggest possible applications of miramistin and potential benefits over currently used agents. Miramistin offers a novel, low toxicity antiseptic with many potential clinical uses that need better study which could address some of the negative impact of antimicrobial, antiseptic and disinfectant resistance.
Numerical simulation of a new set of fully nonlinear Boussinesq wave equations (2011)

A new form of second-order fully nonlinear Boussinesq wave equations is established by introducing four parameters, with linear dispersion, shoaling and nonlinearity properties improvement and without having its mathematical form changed, and the new equations are fit for deeper water and can give good results of wave transformation from deep to shallow water, and a numerical model is established to show the effectiveness of the new equations when wave translates over an elliptic shoal.
Oxidation of Akt2 kinase promotes cell migration and regulates G1-S transition in the cell cycle (2011)

Phosphorylation has long been recognized as the key mediator of protein signaling. New modes of signaling regulation are emerging with the development of specific chemical probes and application of high-throughput mass spectrometry technologies. Using biotin-tagged chemical probes for protein oxidation, mass spectrometry and functional assays, our group has recently reported isoform-specific oxidation of Akt2 in response to PDGF signaling. The studies included here investigate the functional consequence of oxidation on Akt2-mediated cell migration and cell cycle. Akt2-KO MEFs transduced with WT and Cys124Ser Akt2 were used as the model system for these studies. The implications of these findings on disease pathology are discussed.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Porphyrin- and Fullerene/Porphyrin-Based Rotaxanes as Studied by Time-Resolved EPR Spectroscopy (2009)

Photoinduced intramolecular electron-transfer (ET) and energy-transfer (EnT) processes in two rotaxanes, one containing both zinc porphyrin and C(60) fullerene moieties incorporated around the Cu(I) bisphenanthroline core [(ZnP)(2)-Cu(I)(phen)(2)-C(60)] and a second complex lacking the fullerene [(ZnP)(2)-Cu(I)(phen)(2)], were studied by time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy at 9.5 GHz (X-band) combined with a selective photoexcitation of the rotaxane moieties. The experiments were carried out in isotropic toluene and ethanol and in anisotropic nematic liquid-crystal (E-7) media over a wide range of temperatures corresponding to the different states of the solvents. The TREPR results are compared with those obtained previously by optical methods in dichloromethane at room temperature. It is demonstrated that the efficiencies and pathways of the light-driven ET and EnT processes in both rotaxanes strongly depend on the properties of their microenvironment, resulting in the formation of distinct charge-separated states under different experimental conditions. The complementary results revealed by the optical and TREPR techniques are attributed to the relatively high conformational mobility of the mechanically interlocked rotaxane systems. Because of the solute-solvent interactions, the rotaxanes are able to change conformation in different microenvironments, which affects the parameters of the photoinduced processes occurring in these systems.