gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thin films of metal–organic frameworks (2009)

The fabrication of thin film coatings of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on various substrates is discussed in this critical review. Interestingly, the relatively few studies on MOF films that have appeared in the literature are limited to the following cases: [Zn4O(bdc)3] (MOF-5; bdc=1,4-benzenedicarboxylate), [Cu3(btc)2] (HKUST-1; btc=1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate), [Zn2(bdc)2(dabco)] (dabco=1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), [Mn(HCOO)], [Cu2(pzdc)2(pyz)] (CPL-1; pzdc=pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate, pyz=pyrazine), [Fe(OH)(bdc)] (MIL-53(Fe)) and [Fe3O(bdc)3(Ac)] (MIL-88B; Ac=CH3COO-). Various substrates and support materials have been used, including silica, porous alumina, graphite and organic surfaces, i.e. self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold, as well as silica surfaces. Most of the MOF films were grown by immersion of the selected substrates into specifically pre-treated solvothermal mother liquors of the particular MOF material. This results in more or less densely packed films of intergrown primary crystallites of sizes ranging up to several microm, leading to corresponding film thicknesses. Alternatively, almost atomically flat and very homogenous films, with thicknesses of up to ca. 100 nm, were grown in a novel stepwise layer-by-layer method. The individual growth steps are separated by removing unreacted components via rinsing the substrate with the solvent. The layer-by-layer method offers the possibility to study the kinetics of film formation in more detail using surface plasmon resonance. In some cases, particularly on SAM-modified substrates, a highly oriented growth was observed, and in the case of the MIL-53/MIL-88B system, a phase selective deposition of MIL-88B, rather than MIL-53(Fe), was reported. The growth of MOF thin films is important for smart membranes, catalytic coatings, chemical sensors and related nanodevices (63 references).
Automatic generation of characterization circuits - An application in academia (2013)

Circuit characterization is an essential topic in most integrated circuit design courses in an electronic and/or computer engineering curricula. In such courses, a standard set of basic circuits (called standard cells) needs to be characterized based on different design criteria, for example, noise margin, power, performance, etc. So the students usually need to go through the manual, iterative process of creation of circuit descriptions (defined by Spice netlists) - a process that is not only time-consuming but also prone to errors. For the students to be able to conduct a large number of experiments while focusing on the design issues rather than on the tedious task of creating different circuit variants, an online tool is being proposed. The tool can be used in different courses that cover the topics of nano-sized CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) digital design, VLSI (very large scale integrated) circuit design, low-power digital circuit design, circuit reliability, etc.
Efficient and Highly Selective Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes by N-Chlorosuccinimide Mediated by Oxoammonium Salts (1996)

2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy catalyzes efficient oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes by N-chlorosuccinimide, in a biphasic dichloromethane-aqueous pH 8.6 buffer system in the presence of tetrabutylammonium chloride. Aliphatic, benzylic, and allylic alcohols are readily oxidized with no overoxidation to carboxylic acids. Secondary alcohols are oxidized to ketones with a much lower efficiency. Very high chemoselectivities are observed when primary alcohols are oxidized in the presence of secondary ones. Primary-secondary diols are selectively transformed into hydroxy aldehydes, with, in some cases, no detectable formation of the isomeric keto alcohols.
Spatially single mode photon pair source at 800 nm in periodically poled Rubidium exchanged KTP waveguides (2020)

Photon pair sources in the visible to NIR wavelength region play a key role in quantum optics. The wavelength range around 800 nm provides an opportunity for using low cost detectors, which makes it highly interesting for practical, large scale quantum applications. Here, we report on the realization of single mode Rubidium (Rb) exchanged waveguides in periodically poled (PP) Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (Rb:KTiOPO<sub>4</sub> or Rb:KTP) for frequency-non-degenerate type II parametric down-conversion pumped at 400 nm and generating pairs of photons at around 800 nm. The source exhibits a nonlinear conversion efficiency of 2.0%/(Wcm<sup>2</sup>), estimated from SHG measurements. Characterisation of the generated two-photon state confirms nonclassical photon-number correlations, characterized by g<sup>(1,1)</sup>. The high nonlinear conversion efficiency and low temperature sensitivity make this source a promising candidate for operations in both classical and quantum integrated network applications.
Comparison of novel regularization techniques in seismic tomography (2008)

The effects of several nonlinear regularization techniques are discussed in the framework of 3D seismic tomography. Traditional, linear, $\ell_2$ penalties are compared to so-called sparsity promoting $\ell_1$ and $\ell_0$ penalties, and a total variation penalty. Which of these algorithms is judged optimal depends on the specific requirements of the scientific experiment. If the correct reproduction of model amplitudes is important, classical damping towards a smooth model using an $\ell_2$ norm works almost as well as minimizing the total variation but is much more efficient. If gradients (edges of anomalies) should be resolved with a minimum of distortion, we prefer $\ell_1$ damping of Daubechies-4 wavelet coefficients. It has the additional advantage of yielding a noiseless reconstruction, contrary to simple $\ell_2$ minimization (`Tikhonov regularization') which should be avoided. In some of our examples, the $\ell_0$ method produced notable artifacts. In addition we show how nonlinear $\ell_1$ methods for finding sparse models can be competitive in speed with the widely used $\ell_2$ methods, certainly under noisy conditions, so that there is no need to shun $\ell_1$ penalizations.
Function of arginine-234 and aspartic acid-271 in domain closure, cooperativity, and catalysis in Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase (1988)

Two mutant versions of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase were created by site-specific mutagenesis. Arg-234 of the 240s loop was replaced by serine in order to help deduce the function of the interactions that normally occur between Arg-234 and both Glu-50 and Gln-231 in the R state of the enzyme. The other mutation involved the replacement of Asp-271 by asparagine to further test the functional importance of the Tyr-240-Asp-271 link that has previously been proposed to stabilize the T state of the enzyme [Middleton, S. A., & Kantrowitz, E. R. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 5866-5870]. The Arg-234----Ser holoenzyme exhibits no cooperativity, a 24-fold reduction in maximal velocity, normal affinity for carbamyl phosphate, and substantially reduced affinity for aspartate and N-(phosphonoacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA). Unlike the wild-type enzyme, the heterotropic effectors ATP and CTP are able to influence the activity of the Arg-234----Ser enzyme at saturating aspartate concentrations. The Arg-234----Ser catalytic subunit exhibits a 33-fold reduction in maximal activity, an aspartate Km of 261 mM, compared to 5.7 mM for the wild-type catalytic subunit, and only a small alteration in the Km for carbamyl phosphate. Together these results provide additional evidence that the interdomain bridging interactions between Glu-50 of the carbamyl phosphate domain and both Arg-167 and Arg-234 of the aspartate domain are necessary for the stabilization of the high-activity-high-affinity configuration of the active site of the enzyme. Furthermore, without the interdomain bridging interactions, the holoenzyme no longer exhibits homotropic cooperativity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Observation of Self-Focusing via Saturable Absorption in Atomic Na (1984)

There has been recent interest in the phenomenon of on-axis enhancement of an intense cw laser beam in a strongly absorbing, nonrefractive, nonlinear medium.1,2 The purpose of this paper is to present experimental observations of this cw on-resonant enhancement (CORE) and the associated Fresnel fringe structure and narrowing (self-focusing) of the spatial profile. We use the collisionally broadened D1 line of atomic sodium. We also illustrate the relatively close agreement of predictions1 based on a simple model of homogeneously broadened two-state absorbers.
Recent results in scintillation detection with silicon avalanche photodiodes (1990)

An investigation of silicon avalanche photodiodes (APDs) in scintillation detection for potential applications in medical imaging and nuclear spectroscopy is reported. Experimental measurements were performed on bismuth germanate (BGO), CdWO/sub 4/, plastic, NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl) scintillators, geometrically optimized for light collection. Results show the advantages of a solid-state photodetector having an internal gain for the detection of low-energy gamma and X-rays. When coupled to CsI(Tl), X-ray energies as low as 5.9 keV can be discriminated from the noise. The results demonstrate the suitability of APDs for many applications in scintillation detection and, in particular, their distinct advantage over other unity gain photodiodes for the detection of low-energy radiation in scintillation spectroscopy: unequaled energy thresholds have been demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Inducible expression of a cloned heat shock fusion gene in sea urchin embryos. (1984)

A fusion gene construct, in which the coding sequence for bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT; acetyl-CoA: chloramphenicol 3-O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.28) was placed under the control of the regulatory region of the Drosophila gene encoding the 70-kilodalton heat shock protein [Di Nocera, P.P. & Dawid, I.B. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 7095-7098], was microinjected into the cytoplasm of unfertilized sea urchin eggs. Pluteus-stage embryos developing from the injected eggs were exposed to high temperature conditions that we found would elicit an endogenous sea urchin heat shock response. These embryos express the gene for CAT and, after heat treatment, display 8-10 times more CAT enzyme activity than do extracts from control embryos cultured at normal temperatures. The injected DNA is present in high molecular weight concatenates and, during development, is amplified about 100-fold. Amplified sequences are responsible for all or most of the induced CAT enzyme activity.
Quantitative nailfold video capillaroscopy in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (2010)

Reduced capillary density and increased dimensions in patients with IIM can be quantified using nailfold capillaroscopy, suggesting that nailfold capillaroscopy may be useful as an outcome measure of microvascular disease in studies of IIM.
Time domain investigation of radio frequency acousto-mechanical tuning of photonic crystal nanocavity modes (2013)

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) have proven a useful tool for dynamically manipulating the optical properties of semiconductor nanostructures. Recently we have shown that the mechanical deformation induced by a SAW on a two-dimensional photonic crystal membrane (PCM) spectrally tunes the resonance frequency of nanocavities within the PCM employing phase locked stroboscopic excitation.
Neuropeptide Y as an Endogenous Antiepileptic, Neuroprotective and Pro-Neurogenic Peptide (2006)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a small peptide important in cardiovascular physiology, feeding, anxiety, depression and epilepsy. In the hippocampus, NPY is mainly produced and released by GABAergic interneurons and inhibits glutamatergic neurotransmission in the excitatory tri-synaptic circuit. Under epileptic conditions, there is a robust overexpression of NPY and NPY receptors particularly in the granular and pyramidal cells, contributing to the tonic inhibition of glutamate release and consequently to control the spread of excitability into other brain structures. Recently, an important role was attributed to NPY in neuroprotection against excitotoxicity and in the modulation of neurogenesis. In the present review we discuss the potential relevance of NPY and NPY receptors in neuroprotection and neurogenesis, with implications for brain repair strategies. Recent patents describing new NPY receptor antagonists directed to treat obesity and cardiovascular disorders were published. However, the NPYergic system may also prove to be a good target for the treatment of pharmaco-resistant forms of temporal lobe epilepsy, by acting on hyperexcitability, neuronal death or brain repair. In order to achieve new NPY-based antiepileptic and brain repair strategies, selective NPY receptor agonists able to reach their targets in the epileptic brain must be developed in the near future.
Light-Induced Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of a Sunscreen Agent, 2-Phenylbenzimidazole in Salmonella typhimurium TA 102 and HaCaT Keratinocytes (2007)

2-phenylbenzimidazole (PBI) is an ingredient found in sunscreen agents. PBI can absorb the UV portion of the solar light and undergo a series of light-induced reactions to cause adverse effects in humans. Therefore, chemical and photochemical toxicity of PBI were investigated in the bacteria Salmonella typhimurium TA 102 and human skin keratinocyte cells. There is no appreciable bacteria death due to the exposure to PBI alone, indicating that PBI is not chemically toxic to the bacteria at a dose as high as 625 microM. However, exposure to PBI and a solar simulator light (300-W Xe/Hg lamp, 30 min, 18.6 J/cm2, equivalent to 30 min outdoor sunlight) causes significant bacteria death: 35% at 25 microM and 55% at 625 microM PBI. Exposure of the bacteria to light and PBI at doses 5-25 microM causes the bacteria to revert, an indication of mutation. In the presence of PBI but without light irradiation, the number of revertant bacteria colonies is around 200 due to spontaneous mutation. Combination of light irradiation and PBI causes the number of revertant TA 102 colonies to increase in a dose dependent manner, reaching a maximum of around 1700 revertant colonies at 25 microM PBI. At higher PBI concentrations, the number of revertant colonies remains constant. This result clearly indicates that PBI is photomutagenic in TA 102. Exposure of the human skin HaCaT keratinocytes in aqueous solution in the presence of PBI causes the cell to lose its viability with or without light irradiation. There is no significant difference in cell viability for the light irradiated or non-irradiated groups, indication PBI is not photocytotoxic. However, exposure of the cells to both PBI and light irradiation causes cellular DNA damage, while exposure to PBI alone does not cause DNA damage.
Is font size a big deal? A transaction – acquisition utility perspective on comparative price promotions (2016)

Purpose In promotional ads that contain both the Regular Price and Sale Price information, this paper aims to investigate whether changing the font sizes of these two prices has an effect on how consumers process the ad message. The authors use acquisition-transaction utility perspective to identify key differences in mechanisms invoked by the larger font size of the Regular Price vs that of the Sale Price. Design/methodology/approach Study 1 uses eye-tracking apparatus to study subjects’ responses to a full-color, realistic-looking ad for a digital camera. Study 2 uses a survey questionnaire to gauge subjects’ responses to a similar print ad. The font sizes of Regular Price and Sale price were manipulated while keeping all the other elements of the ad the same. Subjects were undergraduate students who participated in the study for a small incentive. Findings The authors find that making the relative font size of Regular Price bigger invokes a transaction-utility mechanism where customers’ attention is focused on the savings that can be had using the promotion. A bigger font size of Sale Price invokes an acquisition-utility mechanism that draws on the customers’ value consciousness. Research limitations/implications The use of student subjects and only one product category in the experiments may limit the generalizability of the study’s findings. Practical implications In print ads, managers predominantly use a bigger font size for the Sale Price. This study suggests that the choice of a bigger font size should really be driven by the objective of the promotion: a bigger font size for Sale Price is advised if the objective is to take an acquisition utility approach, whereas a bigger font size for Regular Price is advised for using a transaction utility approach. Originality/value This study is the first attempt at using an acquisition-transaction utility perspective for understanding the use of relative font sizes in the context of price promotions.
Intravital imaging of vascular anomalies and extracellular matrix remodeling in orthotopic pancreatic tumors (2019)

Pancreatic cancers, both adenocarcinomas and endocrine tumors are characterized by varying levels of aberrant angiogenesis and fibrotic microenvironment. The difficulty to deliver drugs and treat the disease has been attributed in part to the vascular architecture and tissue/ECM density. Here we present longitudinal three-dimensional intravital imaging of vascular and tumor microenvironment remodeling in spontaneous transgenic tumors (RIP1-Tag2 insulinomas) and orthotopically injected tumors (KPC adenocarcinomas). Analysis of the data acquired in insulinomas revealed major differences in tumor blood vessel branching, fraction volume, number of branch points segments, vessel straightness and length compared to the normal tissue. The aggressive adenocarcinoma presented widespread peritumoral vascular remodeling and heterogeneous vascular distribution. Longitudinal imaging was used to acquire sequential vascular remodeling data during tumor progression. This work demonstrates the potential for using a pancreatic intravital imaging window for direct visualization of the tumor heterogenic microenvironments during tumor progression.
Lipid-Rich Atherosclerotic Plaques Detected by Gadofluorine-Enhanced In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2004)

Gadofluorine-enhanced MRI improves atherosclerotic plaque detection. The IR-DIFF-TFL method allows early detection of atherosclerotic plaque within 1 hour after gadofluorine injection.
Understanding Empowerment in Social Media Context: Lessons from Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers (2017)

This paper presents the shared practices amongst Indonesian migrant users of an online community hosted in Facebook which potentially empower them. We conducted a virtual ethnography study which was comprised of online observations and interviews. The results show that shared practices within the online community empower migrants by enhancing their psychological wellbeing, and increasing awareness of migrants' rights. In addition, online shared practices empower a migrant community by facilitating them to organise collective actions. In general, two types of empowerment were observed by this study: individual and community. Empowerment was seen as shared practices amongst individual members of the online community which enhance capability to cope with social challenges and allow them to achieve better wellbeing. Further, empowerment was observed at the community level where the combined assets of individuals was found to increase the capacity of the community as a whole, allowing control over common factors and decisions that influence their capabilities to take actions towards changes.
Driving Forces and Lines of the Evolution of Rotating Electrical Machines. Part 1 (2021)

The advent and development of such class of technical systems as electrical machines is only one element of those composing the technical progress, which, in turn, is one of elements composing the human civilization. Technical progress can be imaged as an entanglement of many «streams», each containing the development, putting in use, operation, and disappearance of a technical system. Technical progress is advanced through practical implementation of a multitude and variety of improvements. Any technical system is developed through embodying various ideas, which results in a change of a given system or development of a new system. An attempt is made to briefly describe all significant elements in the evolution of electrical machines (EMs). The role of large inventions and moderate improvements is shown; examples of evolution trends, patterns and lines are given; the evolution of EMs in the «supersystem-system-subsystem coordinate axes is described, and it is shown how applications determine the requirements for EMs. Examples of the evolution of the materials used in EMs are considered. The role of individuals, teams, and organizations is discussed. Particular examples of evolution lines are given, and the counterforces and limitations are described.
Splenic Flexure Mobilization in Sigmoid and Rectal Resections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. (2019)

This systematic review found that SFM was not associated with significantly decreased anastomotic leak rates. SSI rates were significantly increased in patients undergoing SFM.
Study on mixing behaviour of aluminium-ceramic powder having high SiC volume fractions up to 50 vol.% (2023)

Abstract Aluminium matrix composites (AMC) do combine a high lightweight potential with a wide range of specific mechanical or thermal properties, depending on their material composition or the content of reinforcement particles, respectively. Currently, the three main production technologies for manufacturing such AMC are powder metallurgy, semi-solid processes and casting. Here, the AMC´s reinforcement proportion that can be processed depends on the chosen manufacturing strategy and is therefore often limited to a maximum value of 30 vol. %, due to agglomeration and porosity problems. In this context, the main objective is to understand the fundamental mixing behaviour of powder mixtures for AMC green body production having reinforcement contents of up to 50 vol.% SiC p . For this purpose, powder mixtures of monomodal AlSi7Mg0.6 and different SiC p fractions were prepared with different mixing times and speeds to investigate the influence of these mixing parameters on the homogeneity of the particle distribution. Afterwards, the influence of powder size on the mixing process was investigated. The results showed that a slower mixing speed resulted in faster homogenisation as well as a larger particle size can be faster mixed. Furthermore, a regression model was developed using mixing time, speed and particle loading, to determine sufficient mixing parameters.
Triangulation made easy (2010)

We describe a simple and efficient algorithm for two-view triangulation of 3D points from approximate 2D matches based on minimizing the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> reprojection error. Our iterative algorithm improves on the one by Kanatani et al. by ensuring that in each iteration the epipolar constraint is satisfied. In the case where the two cameras are pointed in the same direction, the method provably converges to an optimal solution in exactly two iterations. For more general camera poses, two iterations are sufficient to achieve convergence to machine precision, which we exploit to devise a fast, non-iterative method. The resulting algorithm amounts to little more than solving a quadratic equation, and involves a fixed, small number of simple matrix-vector operations and no conditional branches. We demonstrate that the method computes solutions that agree to very high precision with those of Hartley and Sturm's original polynomial method, though achieves higher numerical stability and 1-4 orders of magnitude greater speed.