gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The opioid epidemic in rural northern New England: An approach to epidemiologic, policy, and legal surveillance (2019)

The opioid crisis presents substantial challenges to public health in New England's rural states, where access to pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder (OUD), harm reduction, HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) services vary widely. We present an approach to characterizing the epidemiology, policy and resource environment for OUD and its consequences, with a focus on eleven rural counties in Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont between 2014 and 2018. We developed health policy summaries and logic models to facilitate comparison of opioid epidemic-related polices across the three states that could influence the risk environment and access to services. We assessed sociodemographic factors, rates of overdose and infectious complications tied to OUD, and drive-time access to prevention and treatment resources. We developed GIS maps and conducted spatial analyses to assess the opioid crisis landscape. Through collaborative research, we assessed the potential impact of available resources to address the opioid crisis in rural New England. Vermont's comprehensive set of policies and practices for drug treatment and harm reduction appeared to be associated with the lowest fatal overdose rates. Franklin County, Massachusetts had good access to naloxone, drug treatment and SSPs, but relatively high overdose and HIV rates. New Hampshire had high proportions of uninsured community members, the highest overdose rates, no HCV surveillance data, and no local access to SSPs. This combination of factors appeared to place PWID in rural New Hampshire at elevated risk. Study results facilitated the development of vulnerability indicators, identification of locales for subsequent data collection, and public health interventions.
FoxP3: a life beyond regulatory T cells. (2009)

This review analyzes the current dogma that FoxP3 functions exclusively in the regulatory T cells (Treg) and that FoxP3(+) Treg is indispensable for survival of immune competent mice. We outline evidence that FoxP3 is expressed well beyond Treg and that the FoxP3 mutation in thymic stromal cells causes defective thymopoiesis, which in turn leads to increased homeostatic proliferation. We argue that the lethal autoimmune disease in mice with germline mutation of FoxP3 is due to both lack of Treg and enhanced homeostatic proliferation.
Monitoring and control in scenario-based requirements analysis (2005)

Scenarios are an effective means for eliciting, validating and documenting requirements. At the requirements level, scenarios describe sequences of interactions between the software-to-be and agents in the environment. Interactions correspond to the occurrence of an event that is controlled by one agent and monitored by another.This paper presents a technique to analyse requirements-level scenarios for unforeseen, potentially harmful, consequences. Our aim is to perform analysis early in system development, where it is highly cost-effective. The approach recognises the importance of monitoring and control issues and extends existing work on implied scenarios accordingly. These so-called input-output implied scenarios expose problematic behaviours in scenario descriptions that cannot be detected using standard implied scenarios. Validation of these implied scenarios supports requirements elaboration. We demonstrate the relevance of input-output implied scenarios using a number of examples.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Metallo-beta-Lactamase Positive and Negative Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated from Intensive Care Unit Patients (2010)

Carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is a worldwide increasing and one of the most disturbing problems, given these antibiotics are drugs of choice in the treatment of infections caused by extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase producing strains. In this study the antibiotic susceptibility of metallo-beta-lactamase-positive and negative Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from intensive care unit (ICU) patients was evaluated. The presence of genes encoding MBLs was determined with a commercial kit hyplex MBL ID (BAG HEALTH CARE). The MBL-producing isolates were the first K. pneumoniae isolates of this kind identified in Poland. It seems that methods for detecting MBLs in Enterobacteriaceae should be included in contemporary standards of microbiological diagnostics in the country.
The effect of heat conditioning of the primary area before and after induction of hyperalgesia by topical/intradermal capsaicin or by controlled heat injury (2001)

The aim of the present study was to test the effect of heat conditioning before and after the induction of hyperalgesia. Three different methods were used for induction of hyperalgesia, topical capsaicin, intradermal capsaicin injection, and a controlled heat injury. The vascular (blood flow and skin temperature) and sensory changes (area of secondary hyperalgesia and ongoing pain) associated with the cutaneous hyperalgesia were compared. Each experiment consisted of two randomized sessions separated by at least 2 days. In one session, pre-conditioning of the skin by heat was performed 30 min before the induction of hyperalgesia using a probe at 45 degrees C for 5 min in the center of the expected primary hyperalgesic area. After the induction of hyperalgesia, heat conditioning was performed twice in the center of the primary hyperalgesic area using a temperature of 2 degrees C above the present individual pain threshold. On the contra-lateral arm, no heat conditioning was applied while hyperalgesia was induced using the same method. This session was evaluated as a control. The pre-conditioning induced an increased skin temperature in the primary area for both topical capsaicin and the controlled heat injury. Post-conditioning caused increased blood flow in the secondary hyperalgesic area for the topical capsaicin method and increased blood flow in the primary hyperalgesic area for the controlled heat injury method. However, conditioning with heat in an attempt to increase the C-fiber input did not have any effect on the ongoing pain ratings and sensory test results in any of the methods. The results of the present study suggest that there is still a need for a better experimental model with more stable allodynia both between sessions and between subjects while at the same time minimizing discomfort to the volunteer.
Detection of Leukotriene Receptor CysLT1R in Inflammatory Diseases by Molecular Imaging with Near-Infrared Fluorescence-Based Contrast Agents (2011)

As leukotriene D 4 receptor CysLT 1 R upregulation is an early event in inflammatory processes, specific detection of CysLT 1 R via molecular imaging might be a promising diagnostic tool for inflammatory diseases. We coupled a specific anti-CysLT 1 R IgG antibody to near-infrared (NIR) hemicyanine fluorophore DY-734. The fluorophore was also coupled to unspecific rabbit-IgG antibody or corresponding Fab fragments. Expression of CysLT 1 R in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells in vitro could be proven by reverse transcriptase—polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, and flow cytometry. Detection of the probes by flow cytometry showed that CysLT 1 R * DY-734 probe binds distinctly stronger to HL-60 cells than IgG * DY-734. Induction of ear edema in mice was conducted to test signaling of the synthesized probes in vivo. A markedly higher fluorescence intensity was observed in the edematous region than in the healthy region by a whole-body imaging system. Semiquantitative analysis showed that CysLT 1 R * DY-734 and Fab-CysLT 1 R * DY-734 probes bind 1.9- and 1.2-fold stronger, respectively, than the unspecific probes. Biodistribution studies revealed an enrichment of full-length IgG probes in liver and spleen, whereas Fab-containing probes are mostly found in liver and kidneys. Taken together, we present an approach that might improve early diagnosis of inflammatory diseases in the long term.
Studies on the technique of detection of transgenic foreign factors in the soybean oil (2004)

DNA was efficiently isolated from soybean oil through several measures of efficient emulsification, elongating the time of ethanol precipitation and repeat concentration of small DNA fragments. It was proved that DNA was isolated successfully by doing PCR of soybean native gene lectin; 35S promotor and nos terminator were detected in two varieties of soybean oil; Target gene of EPSPS (herbicide resistant gene) was successfully detected by increasing the amount of DNA in PCR; Detection method of transgenic factors in soybean oil was established.
Clinical Implications and Translation of an Off-Target Pharmacology Profiling Hit: Adenosine Uptake Inhibition In Vitro (2019)

Off-target activities of drug candidates observed during in vitro pharmacological profiling frequently do not translate to adverse events (AEs) in human. This could be because off-target activities do not have functional consequences, are not observed at exposures achieved during clinical testing, or may not translate into clinical outcomes. We report clinical consequences of an off-target activity observed during profiling of AMG 337, a selective inhibitor of the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor being evaluated for treatment of solid tumors. In our screen of 151 potential off-targets, AMG 337 inhibited only adenosine transporter (AT). During clinical trials, headache emerged as the dose-limiting AE in the first-in-human trial. It was thought that headache was caused by extracellular accumulation of adenosine from inhibition of AT by AMG 337 and subsequent adenosine-mediated vasodilation through adenosine receptors (ARs). Further nonclinical studies were performed to evaluate this hypothesis. AMG 337 inhibited AT function in dog and human cells in vitro and dog and human arteries ex vivo. In a dog telemetry study, AMG 337 caused hypotension, which was reduced by pretreatment with theophylline, an AR antagonist. Overall, nonclinical and clinical data suggested that headache was due to cerebral vasorelaxation caused by AMG 337-mediated inhibition of AT. When subjects were advised to drink coffee, an AR antagonist, prior to AMG 337, the severity of headaches was reduced, allowing them to continue treatment. These findings demonstrate the importance of carefully evaluating clinical observations during early drug development and the value of translational nonclinical studies to investigate the mechanism of action driving clinical observations.
아동의 비행 예방과 치료를 위한 레크리에이션 프로그램 개발 (2010)

Faced with so many difficult developmental tasks created by the social institutions in which an age group participates, youngsters may utilize maladaptive coping mechanisms such as dissociation and isolation to deal with conflicts. It can be argued contended that leisure can provide a context in which youngsters are engaged in deviant behaviors as well as self-developmental activities. Leisure professionals need to understand the complexity of risks and opportunities inherent in today`s society. The purpose of this study was to identify the motives of youngsters` delinquency from the perspectives of leisure and to suggest possible solutions. The critical issues for the profession to develop a cohesive and educational approach for youngsters is increasing. It is important to understand the motives of youngsters to engage in delinquent behaviors and to provide positive and constructive leisure alternatives. Leisure professionals need to develop recreational sport programs that will best serve their needs and wants.
Feasibility of feedback control of transmitted sound into a launch vehicle fairing using structural sensing and proof mass actuators (1999)

This work explores the feasibility of using proof mass actuators (PMA) to control launch vehicle noise transmission. Geometric and structural properties of a fairmg being designed for the Minotaur launch vehicle are used in a fully coupled structural/acoustic model to evaluate the feasibility of proof mass actuators and feedback control in reducing noise transmission. The use of the modal-interaction approach leads to a MIMO (multi-input-multi-output) radiation state-space model that relates the out-of-plane structural modal velocity inputs to the spatially varying pressure in the cavity. The modalinteraction approach also allows the decomposition of the acoustic response into radiation modes, which proved essential for the efftcient location of sensors and actuators. A fully coupled structural/acoustic state space model with integrated PMA’s as control actuators was derived that showed good agreement with the direct FEM solution of the fully coupled problem. The optimal control simulation showed that the noise reduction achieved using PMA’s in the launch vehicle problem was not significant enough to justify the added complexity of the active control system.
Effect of a Third Element on the Stability of NiSi Thin Films on Si (2006)

The effect of Pt and Ge on the stability of NiSi films has been examined. The addition of a small amount of Pt (5 at%) in the Ni film increases the disilicide nucleation temperature to 900oC leading to a better stability of NiSi at high temperatures. For Ni films on Si1-xGex with x=0.29 and 0.58, no NiSi2 was found after annealing at 850°C. The increase in thermal stability of NiSi has been explained in terms of nucleation concept. Calculated ternary phase diagrams allow to understand the effect of the third element (Pt or Ge) on the driving force for nucleation. The redistribution of this element can also be explained with the ternary phase diagrams.
Photonic Crystal Optical Tweezers with High Efficiency for Live Biological Samples and Viability Characterization (2016)

We propose and demonstrate a new optical trapping method for single cells that utilizes modulated light fields to trap a wide array of cell types, including mammalian, yeast, and Escherichia coli cells, on the surface of a two-dimensional photonic crystal. This method is capable of reducing the required light intensity, and thus minimizing the photothermal damage to living cells, thereby extending cell viability in optical trapping and cell manipulation applications. To this end, a thorough characterization of cell viability in optical trapping environments was performed. This study also demonstrates the technique using spatial light modulation in patterned manipulation of live cell arrays over a broad area.
Selective, high-optrode-count, artifact-free stimulation with infrared light via intrafascicular Utah slanted optrode arrays (2012)

Here we present the first use of intraneural and intrafascicular infrared neural stimulation (INS) with early-generation Utah Slanted Optrode Arrays (USOAs) to produce highly selective, artifact-free stimulation of peripheral nerves. USOAs utilize technology previously developed for Utah Slanted Electrode Arrays, and contain 100 silicon optrodes of 0.5 to 1.5 mm length, spaced 400 &#956;m apart in a 10 x 10 grid. The optrodes penetrate into the nerve and closely abut nerve fibers, thus providing multiple, independent, focal sites of stimulation. We first demonstrated that intraneural (but extrafascicular) infrared (IR) stimulation of cat sciatic nerve with conventional optical fibers coupled to a Lockheed Martin Aculight Capella laser produced stronger and more selective neural and muscle compound action potentials (CAPs) than did extraneural INS. We next tested INS through individual USOA optrodes (e.g., wavelength 1873 nm, 5- ms stimulus pulse, &lt; 1 mJ at optrode tip). In contrast to extraneural INS, intrafascicular INS evoked relatively strong and highly selective, optrode-specific responses. Further, there were no observable stimulus artifacts, thereby allowing adjacent electrical recordings. These initial results indicate that intrafascicular INS via USOAs may provide a more efficient, more selective, high-optrode-count means of activating axons, plus greater access to interior nerve fibers.
Activation of protein formation and cell division by bradykinin and des-Arg9-bradykinin. (1984)

We employed des-Argo-bradykinin to investigate the relation between bradykinin-induced prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and bradykinin-induced protein accumulation.In this feedback control system, bradykinininduced PG synthesis limits bradykinin-induced protein production.At low concentration (5 X 10-'M), des-Args-bradykinin was significantly less active than bradykinin in stimulating the formation of prostaglandins by human fetal lung fibroblasts in culture.At high concentration (5 X M), bradykinin induced a 24% increase in protein formation, while des-Arg*-bradykinin induced a 61% increase in collagen formation and an 80% increase in total protein accumulation.In the presence of indomethacin, bradykinin-induced protein formation was increased further, whereas des-Arg"-bradykinin-induced protein formation was unchanged.The bradykinin derivative increased the production of types I and 111 procollagens without affecting the distribution of procollagen types.The incorporation of ['Hlthymidine into DNA in lung fibroblast cultures was increased 3-fold by des-Arg"-bradykinin alone or by bradykinin in combination with indomethacin.Des-Arg"-[Leu*]bradykinin inhibited the des- Ar8-bradykinin-induced protein formation and cell division. These data indicate that both bradykinin and des-Args-bradykinin stimulate protein formation and cell division; des-Arge-bradykinin alone stimulates protein formation and cell division without activating PG synthesis and PG feedback control.Bradykinin is generated during inflammatory reactions by the action of plasma kallikrein.The hormone stimulates prostaglandin synthesis by many cell types including fibroblasts and endothelial cells (1-3).These PGs' mediate many but not all of the bradykinin-induced cellular responses.We determined previously that bradykinin-induced PG synthesis in fibroblast cultures was maximally stimulated when the bradykinin concentration was 5 X lo-' M or greater (2).Bradykinin at 5 X lo-' M also induced a slight increase in protein accumulation.This bradykinin-induced protein accumulation was increased further when bradykinin was used
GATA Factors Promote ER Integrity and β-Cell Survival and Contribute to Type 1 Diabetes Risk (2013)

Pancreatic β-cell survival remains poorly understood despite decades of research. GATA transcription factors broadly regulate embryogenesis and influence survival of several cell types, but their role in adult β-cells remains undefined. To investigate the role of GATA factors in adult β-cells, we derived β-cell-inducible Gata4- and Gata6-knockout mice, along with whole-body inducible Gata4 knockouts. β-Cell Gata4 deletion modestly increased the proportion of dying β-cells in situ with ultrastructural abnormalities suggesting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Notably, glucose homeostasis was not grossly altered in Gata4- and Gata6-knockout mice, suggesting that GATA factors do not have essential roles in β-cells. Several ER stress signals were up-regulated in Gata4 and Gata6 knockouts, most notably CHOP, a known regulator of ER stress-induced apoptosis. However, ER stress signals were not elevated to levels observed after acute thapsigargin administration, suggesting that GATA deficiency only caused mild ER stress. Simultaneous deletion of Gata4 and CHOP partially restored β-cell survival. In contrast, whole-body inducible Gata4 knockouts displayed no evidence of ER stress in other GATA4-enriched tissues, such as heart. Indeed, distinct GATA transcriptional targets were differentially expressed in islets compared with heart. Such β-cell-specific findings prompted study of a large meta-analysis dataset to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms harbored within the human GATA4 locus, revealing several variants significantly associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus. We conclude that GATA factors have important but nonessential roles to promote ER integrity and β-cell survival in a tissue-specific manner and that GATA factors likely contribute to type 1 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis.
Reconstitution of Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Channels in Microfabricated Silicon Chips (2013)

This paper reports on the reconstitution of human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channels in artificial bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) formed in micropores fabricated in silicon chips. The hERG channels were isolated from Chinese hamster ovary cell lines expressing the channels and incorporated into the BLMs formed by a process in which the two lipid monolayers were folded into the micropores. The characteristic features of hERG channels reported by the patch-clamp method, including single-channel conductance, voltage dependence, sensitivity to typical drugs and dependence on the potassium concentration, were investigated in the BLM reconstitution system. The BLM with hERG channels incorporated exhibited a lifetime of ~65 h and a tolerance to repetitive solution exchanges. Such stable BLMs containing biological channels have the potential for use in a variety of applications, including high-throughput drug screening for various ion-channel proteins.
The Selective Reaction of Aryl Halides with KOH: Synthesis of Phenols, Aromatic Ethers, and Benzofurans. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Porous Bi2WO6 Thin Films as Efficient Visible‐Light‐Active Photocatalysts (2008)

Bi2WO6 ordered porous film with open pores, an example of a photocatalytically active ternary metal oxide under visible-light irradiation, is prepared using a simple and reproducible route. The ordered porous Bi2WO6 films exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity and photocurrent coversion efficiency than nonporous Bi2WO6 films under visible-light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Suppressive Oligodeoxynucleotides Protect Mice from Lethal Endotoxic Shock (2005)

Endotoxic shock is a life-threatening condition caused by exposure to bacterial LPS. LPS triggers the release of acute phase, proinflammatory, and Th1 cytokines that facilitate the development of endotoxic shock. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) expressing suppressive TTAGGG motifs effectively down-regulate the production of proinflammatory and Th1 cytokines elicited by a variety of immune stimuli. The current results demonstrate that suppressive ODN protect mice from LPS-induced endotoxic shock. Underlying this protective effect is the ability of suppressive ODN to bind to and prevent the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT4, thereby blocking the signaling cascade mediated by LPS-induced IFN-beta and IL-12. These findings suggest that suppressive ODN might be of use in the treatment of endotoxic shock.
Description And Use Of The Harris County Gravid trap For West Nile Virus Surveillance 2003–061 (2007)

The Harris County Gravid Trap (HCGT) used for West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance from 2003-06 is described. The HCGT collected 1,918,483 Culex quinquefasciatus females (over 36,627 periods), with 466,296.37 (8,452.74) yearly. Only 48,094 Aedes albopictus females (over 15,139 periods) were collected, with 10,277.79 (3,260.33) yearly. The highest mosquito production occurred in July for Cx. quinquefasciatus (63,851.25 +/- 0.13), and for Ae. albopictus (2,981.80 +/- 0.09). Integrating gravid traps within our program has increased our ability to detect WNV efficiently in both species.