gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Studies of MnS and FeS by CaF<SUB>2</SUB> Solid Electrolyte Galvanic Cell Technique (1976)

Modified galvanic cell arrangements using CaF2 solid electrolytes have been used to measure the sulphur potential of Mn-MnS and of Fe-FeS.The galvanic cell used were:(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.) The data can be represented as a linear function of temperature:(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.) The standard molar free energies of formation of MnS and FeS were calculated using the data of the standard molar free energy of formation of Ag2S reported by Thompson and Flengas:(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.) \ oindentThe results were compared with reported values.
Identification parameters for accident reconstruction software at frontal car impact (2020)

Abstract The study presents an analysis of the frontal impact of a Dodge Grand Caravan car colliding with different obstacles - a rigid barrier, for full and 50 % overlaps, and a pole with 0.5 m. diameter. Simulations were performed using a V-Sim 4 program at three data sets: default data offered by the program, data established by experts on the basis of their experience and identified on the basis of impact simulation via a LS-Dyna program. The results obtained showed that the attainment of a precise simulation is possible only when the data of V-Sim program is formulated in accordance with an advanced MES analysis. This usually pertains to cases when there is no full overlap of the vehicle body in connection with the obstacle. The results of this work may offer some directions for the development of this type of simulation program. They also show users how important it is to provide accurate input data to achieve reliable calculation results.
Updates in noninvasive and minimally invasive skin tightening (2014)

The demand for noninvasive and minimally invasive skin-tightening procedures is rising within the aesthetic world. Although these treatments will not replace surgery,a growing patient population is seeking results through low-risk procedures with associated minimal downtime.The technology within this realm is changing due to an increased ability to safely deliver energy to deeper tissue planes. Within the last year alone, research has led to the introduction of a subdermal radiofrequency device, advancements in minimally invasive lasers, and the use of microfocused ultrasound off the facial tissue. Through research studies, protocols are being optimized and clinical results are becoming more reliable.
Low temperature dry etching of copper using a new chemical approach (1997)

The increasing demand for faster microelectronic circuits with improved performance will force fundamental changes in future semiconductor manufacturing. The realization of deep submicron feature sizes in ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) devices together with higher clock frequencies will depend on the use of new microelectronic materials. Due to its lower resistivity and better resistance to electromigration copper is the most likely material to replace aluminum or aluminum alloys as interconnect metal. Several problems connected to the physical and chemical properties of this metal have to be solved to achieve this. One of these problems concerns the formation of patterned copper films. In addition to selective CVD of Cu and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of blanket films deposited in trenches, the dry etching of Cu using standard photoresist masks would be the 'common' way to perform this. In this work we report a new chemical approach to the dry etching of copper by the formation of volatile metal-organic copper(I)compounds.
Thienopyrrolizidines II. Synthesis of 4-Imino (and 4-amino)-4H-thieno[2,3-b]pyrrolizines (1985)

o r 5 w i t h sodium or potassium hydroxide gave t h e p y r r o l i z i n o n e 1 as d e s c r i b e d before.The iminium 4 war t r e a t e d w i t h hydrazine h y d r a t e a t morn temperature t o g i v e t h e hydrazone
The contribution of hip hiking to limb altitude control: a 3-D modelling approach (2002)

Recent experimental studies demonstrate a dominant contribution of vertical hip translational energy to limb elevation over obstacles. A 3-D modelling technique is used to investigate the sources and contributions of hip hiking to limb altitude control during the swing phase of obstructed gait. The models developed are fitted to the experimental kinematic data of normal humans. The effect of changing the calculated moments on the simulated kinematics was then investigated. It was found that hip hiking, is the most energy efficient strategy, and that it is most effective when applied during the double-support phase of locomotion prior to initiation of the swing phase.
The Controlled Center Systems (2006)

In this paper we propose a methodology to stabilize systems with control bifurcations by introducing "the controlled center system". This system is a reduced-order controlled dynamics consisting of the linearly uncontrollable dynamics with the first variable of the linearly controllable dynamics as input. The controller of the full order system is then constructed. We apply this methodology to systems with a transcontrollable, a Hopf, and a double-zero, control bifurcation
Time-domain dynamics of saturation of absorption using multilevel atomic systems (2018)

A general multilevel carrier kinetics model is explored to simulate the saturation of absorption in the time-domain. Contrarily to approaches relying upon phenomenological descriptions, in this study, we deal with the saturation through a physics-based model that can predict the realistic temporal dynamics of the entire system. Additionally, the proposed method allows high ﬂexibility and generality for the problems under consideration as it is built on a full-wave three-dimensional time-domain solver that can include nonlinear material dispersion, optical activity, and other effects within a joint multiphysics framework. We discretize all the equations using ﬁnite-differences combined with the auxiliary differential equation technique which allows adding polarizations driven by diverse underlying physical mechanisms accounting for multiple material dynamics. With our framework, a plethora of time-resolved spatially-dependent numerical data, which are not attainable otherwise, is becoming accessible, hence enabling a comprehensive understanding of the foundations of the materials physics and empowering accurate optimization of new nonlinear photonic devices.
Electrical Characterization of Defects in High-k Gate Dielectrics (2006)

This paper describes the electrical characterization of defects in high-k dielectrics using a variety of techniques including capacitance-voltage, conductance, and charge-pumping, and the impact of these defects on MOS device behavior
INFLUENCE OF ELEVATED PRESSURE ON SORPTION IN DESICCANT WHEELS (2004)

Rotary desiccant wheels have been employed to dry pressurized air streams. In these systems, depending on the moisture content in the air stream and the operating pressure, condensation can occur in the regeneration portion of the wheel. In this article, a numerical method using an implicit finite-difference scheme is developed and applied that enables condensation to be detected and simulated in the regeneration portion of a desiccant wheel operating at high pressures. Using this model, performance analysis of desiccant wheel under these conditions is investigated. It is found that, depending on the value of the separation factor and regeneration temperature, condensation could occupy as much as 40% of regeneration section of the wheel. In this region, regeneration of the desiccant is not possible and usually dehumidification of regeneration air occurs. Also, as the operating pressure increases, the adsorption and desorption characteristics are dramatically affected and the optimum separation factor of desiccant material increases with operating pressure.
Translocation of Yersinia enterocolitica across reconstituted intestinal epithelial monolayers is triggered by Yersinia invasin binding to beta1 integrins apically expressed on M-like cells (2000)

Yersinia enterocolitica cross the intestinal epithelium via translocation through M cells, which are located in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of Peyer's patches (PP). To investigate the molecular basis of this process, studies were performed using a recently developed in vitro model, in which the enterocyte-like cell line Caco-2 and PP lymphocytes are co-cultured in order to establish FAE-like structures including M cells. Here, we demonstrate that Y. enterocolitica does not adhere significantly to the apical membrane of differentiated enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells that express binding sites for Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA)-1. In contrast, Y. enterocolitica adhered to, and was internalized by, cells that lacked UEA-1 binding sites and displayed a disorganized brush border. These cells were considered to be converted to M-like cells. Further analysis revealed that part of these cells expressed beta1 integrins at their apical surface and, as revealed by comparison of wild-type and mutant strains, interacted with invasin of Y. enterocolitica. Consistently, anti-beta1 integrin antibodies significantly inhibited internalization of inv-expressing yersiniae. Experiments with Yersinia mutant strains deficient in YadA or Yop secretion revealed that these virulence factors play a minor role in this process. After internalization, yersiniae were transported within LAMP-1-negative vacuoles to, and released at, the basal surface. Internalization and transport of yersiniae was inhibited by cytochalasin D, suggesting that F-actin assembly is required for this process. These results provide direct evidence that expression of beta1 integrins at the apical surface of M cells enables interaction with the invasin of Y. enterocolitica, and thereby initiates internalization and translocation of bacteria.
Randomized pharmacokinetic evaluation of different rifabutin doses in African HIV- infected tuberculosis patients on lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral therapy (2014)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00640887.
Comparison of Quantitative Conformer Analyses by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Raman Optical Activity Spectra for Model Dipeptides (2008)

Interpretation of the Raman optical activity (ROA) of peptides is difficult because of molecular flexibility and interaction with the solvent. Typically, simulations and experiments are compared in terms of a qualitative agreement between the spectra. However, on a series of the Pro-Gly, Gly-Pro, Pro-Ala, and Ala-Pro dipeptides more precise conformer ratios could be obtained with the aid of the density functional computations and numerical decomposition of the spectral shapes. All observed transitions were assigned, and the computed transition frequencies were scaled accordingly. Then the populations predicted by the optical spectroscopy agreed within a few percent with an analysis of the spin-spin coupling constants based on the Karplus equations, which was confirmed also by a comparison of calculated and experimental NMR couplings. The results are supported by molecular dynamics simulations and related to the previous conformational studies of similar molecules.
Experimental facilities for electric propulsion testing (1990)

Experimental facilities for electric propulsion testing at the University of Tennessee Space Institute, jointly operated by the Center for Advanced Space Propulsion, include a cryogenically cooled, computer-controlled, 9 ft diameter by 20 ft long vacuum chamber, capable of maintaining a baseline pressure of 10(exp -7) Torr, a 30 cm diameter ion thruster, and laser diagnostic and electrical diagnostic instrumentation. These facilities are described here in some detail, with emphasis on the measurement of ion thruster parameters such as neutral and ion densities, temperature, and velocity in the exhaust, as well as plasma potential and electron temperature.
5724 Swing Arm Actuator for Small-Form-Factor Optical Disc Drives (2006)

We have fabricated a rotary actuator for a small-form-factor optical disc drive (SFF ODD). The assumed dimensions of the SFF ODD are 36mm in length, 43mm in width, and 5mm in height. This disk diameter is around 28mm. The length of the actuator is around 24mm. The actuator consists of a voice coil motor for head tracking and a solenoid for head focusing. Their coils are built in a swing arm of SUS-Al-SUS laminated material. The actuator was designed to meet tracking and focusing requirements of the SFF ODD. The practicality of the actuator has been demonstrated with a prototype.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Bin1 Ablation in Mammary Gland Delays Tissue Remodeling and Drives Cancer Progression (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Bin1 Ablation in Mammary Gland Delays Tissue Remodeling and Drives Cancer Progression
Skybridge-3D-CMOS: A Fine-Grained 3D CMOS Integrated Circuit Technology (2017)

Parallel and monolithic three-dimensional (3-D) integration directions realize 3-D integrated circuits (ICs) by utilizing layer-by-layer implementations, with each functional layer being composed in 2-D. In contrast, vertically composed 3-D CMOS has eluded us likely due to the seemingly insurmountable requirement of highly customized complex routing and regional 3-D doping to form and connect CMOS pull-up and pull-down networks in 3-D. In the current layer-by-layer directions, routing can be worse than 2D CMOS because of the limited pin access. In this paper, we propose Skybridge-3D-CMOS (S3DC), an IC fabric that shows for the first time a pathway to achieve fine-grained static CMOS circuit implementations using the vertical direction while also solving 3-D routability. It employs a new fabric assembly scheme based on predoped vertical nanowire bundles. It implements circuits in and across nanowires. It utilizes unique connectivity features to achieve CMOS connectivity in 3-D with excellent routability. As compared to the usually severely congested monolithic 3-D implementations, S3DC eliminates the routing congestions in all benchmarks studied. Further results, for the implemented benchmarks, show 56-77% reductions in power consumption, 4X-90X increases in density, and 20% loss to 9% benefit in best operating frequencies compared with the transistor-level monolithic 3-D technology.
Design of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Grain Oriented electrical steel for Direct-drive elevators (2012)

This paper deals with design and construction of a surface-mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor to be used in elevator hoisting machine. Direct-drive solution in combination with a motor with Grain Oriented electrical steel have been proposed in order to optimize the space utilization. Manufacturing solutions adopted for the segmental core arrangement and the motor design procedure based on a combined finite elements and analytical models are discussed. A 4 kW prototype has been realized and tested. The experimental results confirm the design specifications.
Physical mechanisms behind the large scale features of chromatin organization (2014)

We review the picture emerging from recently published models of classical polymer physics of the general features of chromatin large scale spatial organization, as revealed by microscopy and Hi-C data.
Mixed Finite Element and Related Control Volume Discretizations for Reservoir Simulation on Three-Dimensional Unstructured Grids (2007)

Abstract The numerical discretization of the reservoir flow equations is a challenging problem on three-dimensional unstructured grids and in the presence of full-tensor permeabilities. Finite volume methods based on a two-point flux approximation (TPFA) do not properly account for grid distortion or permeability anisotropy that is misaligned with the grid. Over the past decade, multipoint flux approximation (MPFA) methods have been devised to address these issues. Recent research has shown, however, that MPFA methods may lead to unphysical nonmonotonic solutions for high anisotropy ratios or strongly distorted grids. In this paper, we work in the mathematical framework of mixed finite element methods (MFEM). We study a low- and high-order accurate MFEM, based on the lowest order Raviart-Thomas space (RT0) and the Brezzi-Douglas-Marini space of order one (BDM1). On tetrahedrons, the BDM1 space can be localized into a compact finite volume method through the use of an appropriate numerical quadrature. However, this is not possible for hexahedrons. The main result of this paper is the development of a new mixed finite element method for 3D hexahedral grids, which leads to a multipoint flux approximation finite volume method through the use of a vertex-based numerical quadrature. This is possible because the new velocity space is designed so that the degrees of freedom are the normal component of the velocity field at the vertices of each face. This establishes for the first time a direct link between MFEM and MPFA methods on 3D hexahedral grids. We compare the performance of classical (RT0 and BDM1) mixed finite element methods with the newly developed method on a number of test cases. We conclude that high-order methods lead to higher-quality velocity fields that are less sensitive to the choice of the grid, and that they have better monotonicity properties for highly anisotropic full-tensor permeability fields. While the added benefit of the new space is that it can be approximated by a cell-centered finite volume scheme, our numerical experiments indicate that the accuracy of the scheme is reduced.
Designed Tetrapeptide Interacts with Tubulin and Microtubule (2017)

Microtubules regulate eukaryotic cell functions, which have tremendous implication in tumor progression. Thus, the design of novel approaches for controlling microtubule function is extremely important. In this manuscript, a novel tetrapeptide Ser-Leu-Arg-Pro (SLRP) has been designed and synthesized from a small peptide library consisting of 14 tetrapeptides, which perturbs microtubule function through interaction in the "anchor region". We have studied the role of peptides on microtubule function on a chemically functionalized 2D platform. Interestingly, we have found that SLRP binds with tubulin and inhibits the kinesin-driven microtubule motility on a kinesin-immobilized chemically functionalized 2D platform. Further, this peptide modulator interacts with intracellular tubulin/microtubule and depolymerizes the microtubule networks. These interesting findings of perturbation of microtubule function both on engineered platforms and inside the cell by this small peptide modulator inspired us to study the effect of this tetrapeptide on cancer cell proliferation. We found that the novel tetrapeptide modulator causes moderate cytotoxicity to the human breast cancer cell (MCF-7 cell), induces the apoptotic death of MCF-7 cell, and activates the tumor suppressor proteins p53 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21). To the best of our knowledge, this is the shortest peptide discovered, which perturbs microtubule function both on an engineered 2D platform and inside the cell.
Ultrasonic Measurement of Velocity Profile on Bubbly Flow Using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Technique (2017)

In two-phase bubbly flow, measurement of liquid and bubble velocity is a necessity to understand fluid characteristic. The conventional ultrasonic velocity profiler (UVP), which has been known as a nonintrusive measurement technique, can measure velocity profile of liquid and bubble simultaneously by applying a separation technique for both phases (liquid and bubble) and transparent test section is unnecessary. The aim of this study was to develop a new technique for separating liquid and bubble velocity data in UVP method to measure liquid and bubble velocity profiles separately. The technique employs only single resonant frequency transducer and a simple UVP system. An extra equipment is not required. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based frequency estimator paralleled with other signal processing techniques, which is called as proposed technique, was proposed to measure liquid and bubble velocity separately. The experimental facility of two-phase bubbly flow in the vertical pipe was constructed. Firstly, the Doppler frequency estimation by using the FFT technique was evaluated in single-phase liquid flow. Results showed that FFT technique showed a good agreement with autocorrelation and maximum likelihood estimator. Then, separation of liquid and bubble velocity was demonstrated experimentally in the two-phase bubbly flow. The proposed technique confirmed that liquid and bubble velocity could be measured efficiently.
New method for conversion of gas sonic velocities to density second virial coefficients (2001)

Abstract A new, numerical method was developed to calculate density second virial coefficients B(T) from sonic velocity measurements in gases at low pressures. Unlike existing methods, this procedure requires no model assumption as to the form of the temperature variation of B(T). Rather, it differences the measured accoustic second virial coefficient according to a new mathematical identity. While two higher‐ordered terms in the identity must be ignored to initiate the numerical calculations, the magnitude of these terms can later be found from the initial determination of B(T). This article describes new equations developed, numerical procedures, calculations with Redlich‐Kwong and Peng‐Robinson gases and, with a Lennard‐Jones model gas, to show the accuracy of the method and the magnitude of the two error terms, and the method applied to existing sets of sonic velocity data.
Constitutive Activation of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Nuclear Antigen 1 Gene Transcription by IRF1 and IRF2 during Restricted EBV Latency (1997)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBNA1 gene promoter active in the type I program of restricted viral latency was recently identified and shown to reside in the viral BamHI Q fragment. This promoter, Qp, is active in a wide variety of cell lines and has an architecture reminiscent of eukaryotic housekeeping gene promoters (B. C. Schaefer, J. L. Strominger, and S. H. Speck, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:10565-10569, 1995; B. C. Schaefer, J. L. Strominger, and S. H. Speck, Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:364-377, 1997). Here we demonstrate by deletion analysis that the important cis-acting elements regulating Qp are clustered in a relatively small region (ca. 80 bp) surrounding the site of transcription initiation. Immediately upstream of the site of initiation is a region which is protected from DNase I digestion by crude nuclear extracts. Electrophoretic mobility shift analyses (EMSA) employing probes spanning this region demonstrated the presence of two major protein complexes. Deletion analysis of Qp demonstrated that at least one of these complexes plays an important role in Qp activity. Evidence that interferon response factor 2 (IRF2) is a major constituent of the most prominent EMSA complex and that IRF1 may be a minor component of this complex is presented. Transfections into IRF1-/-, IRF2-/-, and IRF1,2-/- fibroblasts demonstrated that absence of both IRF1 and IRF2 reduced Qp activity to approximately the same extent as mutation of the IRF-binding site in Qp, strongly implicating IRF2, and perhaps IRF1, in the regulation of Qp activity. Notably, transcription from Qp was not inducible by either alpha or gamma interferon in EBV-negative B cells but rather was shown to be constitutively activated by IRF1 and IRF2. This observation suggests that IRF1 and IRF2 have a previously unrecognized role as constitutive activators of specific genes. Additionally, data presented indicate that a protein complex containing the nonhistone architectural protein HMG-I(Y) binds to the region identified as the major transcription initiation site for Qp. This observation raises the possibility that HMG-I(Y)-induced DNA bending plays a role in the initiation of transcription from Qp.