gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shared-state sampling (2006)

We present an algorithm, Shared-State Sampling (S3), for the problem of detecting large flows in high-speed networks. While devised with different principles in mind, (S3) turns out to be a generalization of two existing algorithms tackling the same problem: Sample-and-Hold and Multistage Filters. S3 is found to outperform its predecessors, with the advantage of smoothly adapting to the memory technology available, to the extent of allowing a partial implementation in DRAM. (S3) exhibits mild tradeoffs between the different metrics of interest, which greatly benefits the scalability of the approach. The problem of detecting frequent items in streams appears in other areas. We also compare our algorithm with proposals appearing in the context of databases and regarded superior to the aforementioned. Our analysis and experimental results show that, among those evaluated, (S3) is the most attractive and scalable solution to the problem in the context of high-speed network measurements.
RELATION BETWEEN CEREBRAL OXIDATIVE METABOLISM FOLLOWING BIRTH ASPHYXIA, AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME AND BRAIN GROWTH AT ONE YEAR (1992)

Studies of cerebral oxidative metabolism were carried out by phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy during the first week of life in 52 infants with clinical and/or biochemical evidence of birth asphyxia. 15 infants died and the 37 survivors were assessed by a wide range of neurodevelopmental tests at one year of age. The minimum recorded values for cerebral phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate concentration ratio (an index of oxidative metabolism) were related to outcome. The results showed a significant relation between the extent of derangement of oxidative metabolism and the severity of adverse outcomes, including death, neurodevelopmental impairment and reduced head growth.
Experimental Investigation of Light-Gauge Steel Plate Shear Walls (2005)

This paper describes the prototype design, specimen design, experimental setup, and experimental results of three light-gauge steel plate shear wall concepts. Prototype light-gauge steel plate shear walls are designed as seismic retrofits for a hospital structure in an area of high seismicity, and emphasis is placed on minimizing their impact on the existing framing. Three single-story test specimens are designed using these prototypes as a basis, two specimens with flat infill plates (thicknesses of 0.9mm) and a third using a corrugated infill plate (thickness of 0.7mm). Connection of the infill plates to the boundary frames is achieved through the use of bolts in combination with industrial strength epoxy or welds, allowing for mobility of the infills if desired. Testing of the systems is done under quasi-static conditions. It is shown that one of the flat infill plate specimens, as well as the specimen utilizing a corrugated infill plate, achieve significant ductility and energy dissipation while minimizing the demands placed on the surrounding framing. Experimental results are compared to monotonic pushover predictions from computer analysis using a simple model and good agreement is observed.
Infection of Rice Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae), by Field Application of Entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes (Deuteromycotina) (1986)

Five entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes were tested under field conditions for biological control of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), in rice. Suspensions of conidia of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin, M. flavoviride Gams & Roszypal, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., and Hirsutella citriformis Speare were applied at a rate of 4–5.1012 conidia per ha. In addition, M. anisopliae and Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thorn) Samson were applied as preparations of dry mycelium at a rate of 1.5–2 kg/ha. Mortality due to fungus infection ranged from 63 to 98% 3 weeks after application. There were no consistent differences between fungus species. The mycelium preparation sporulated on the plant and was as effective as the conidia suspension in infecting brown planthopper. Hyphomycetous fungi should be evaluated further for control of brown planthopper in rice.
Toxicity and synergism in transgenic Escherichia coli expressing four genes from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (2001)

The genes cyt1Aa and p20, encoding, respectively, cytolytic and accessory proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, were introduced into previously constructed clones expressing cry4Aa and cry11Aa in Escherichia coli (Ben-Dov et al., 1995). Fifteen clones with all possible combinations of the four genes were obtained and found to express the genes included. Two new combinations, pVE4-ADRC and pVE4-ARC, expressing cyt1Aa, p20 and cry4Aa, with or without cry11Aa, respectively, were more toxic than their counterparts without cyt1Aa. They displayed the highest toxicity against Aedes aegypti larvae ever reached in transgenic bacteria. Five out of the six clones (except pVE4-DC) containing cry4Aa or cry11Aa (with or without p20) displayed varying levels of synergism with cyt1Aa: they are 1.5-to 34-fold more toxic than the respective clones without cyt1Aa against exposed larvae. Their lethal times also decreased (they kill larvae quicker), more so at higher cell concentrations. These clones are anticipated to dramatically reduce the likelihood of resistant development in the target organisms (Wirth et al., 1997).
Preparation of β-Cyanoethyltrichlorosilane Using Silylamine Catalysts (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of β-Cyanoethyltrichlorosilane Using Silylamine CatalystsRoscoe A. Pike and Richard L. SchankCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 6, 2190–2192Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01053a072https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01053a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Cost-Effectiveness of Measures to Prevent Recurrent Ankle Sprains (2014)

Bracing was found to be the dominant secondary preventive intervention over both neuromuscular training and the combination of both measures.
Preparation and crystal structure of the unusual double-helical copper(I) complex bis(2,6-bis(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine)dicopper(I) naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and crystal structure of the unusual double-helical copper(I) complex bis(2,6-bis(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine)dicopper(I) naphthalene-1,5-disulfonateClaude Piguet, Gerald Bernardinelli, and Alan F. WilliamsCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 15, 2920–2925Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00314a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00314a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views616Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Injury Assessment Reference Values for the CRABI 6-Month Infant Dummy in a Rear-Facing Infant Restraint with Airbag Deployment (1995)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The purpose of this paper is to establish injury assessment reference values specific to the CRABI 6-Month infant dummy for use in evaluating the interaction of rear-facing infant restraints with a deploying passenger airbag. The available literature on the biomechanics of child injury and mechanical response and the results of impact tests with various child and infant dummies are reviewed and summarized. Estimations of the injury assessment reference values for use with the CRABI 6-Month dummy are made using scaling techniques based on the principles of dimensional analysis and dummy test data from infant restraint tests under conditions where injuries are not likely to occur. The information developed in this report will allow the assessment of injury potential in tests of the interaction of passenger airbags with rear-facing infant restraints. This issue is of particular importance to vehicles with only front seats, such as pickup trucks and sport vehicles.&lt;/div&gt;
A novel vision system for CRT panel auto-inspection (2005)

The defects of a 3-D translucent hull CRT panel may include scratches, blemishes, cracks, bubbles, or collapsed portions. Defects may occur on the inside surface, outside surface, or interior of the glass. We designed and developed three sets of vision systems which can automatically inspect defects in CRT panels. The first system inspects the front-surface and two turn-segments, the second system inspects the other two turn-segments, while the third system inspects the side-wall defects. Two different kinds of lighting environments were developed to highlight the CRT panels and to simplify the image-capturing process. Meanwhile, a set of image processing methods were devised which can reliably detect the defects within the expected processing time. Experimental results demonstrate that the developed vision systems can be used to inspect CRT panels in the production line.
FIBROBLAST ATTACHMENT ON DIAMOND-LIKE-CARBON COATED TITANIUM. (2011)

Introduction: Hydrogenated (acetylene:C2H2) and silanized (tetra methyl silane:TMS) diamond-like-carbon coatings (DLC) are applied to titanium alloy to reduce surface energy, cell adhesion and hydrophilicity. The incorporation of silicon into DLC reduces its surface energy. It was hypothesized that surfaces that have high surface energy and high hydrophilicity favoured the adhesion and maturation of fibroblasts when compared with C2H2 and TMS coated substrates in vitro. This would help in achieving a seal at the prosthesis – soft tissue interface, thereby helping in reducing infection. Methods: and Materials: Fibroblasts were cultured on 10 mm diameter titanium alloy, C2H2 and TMS coated titanium alloy discs for 4 hours and 24 hours (2500 cells per disc). Cell area, adhesion plaque numbers, number of plaques per unit area (plaque density) and the total area of adhesion plaques per cell were analysed. The results were compared between experimental groups and controls at 4 and 24 hours. In order to measure the strength of adhesion of cells fibroblasts were cultured on discs (30 mm diameter)[machine finished and polished(Ra = 0.031)](density-300,000 cells per disc) for 4 and 24 hours with similar coatings and exposed to radial shear by flow (100 mls/min) of culture media over their surface. These discs were then stained and analysed using Photoshop (ver.5.5) and SPSS (ver.16). Mann-Whitney tests were used to calculate significance (p Results: At 4 and 24 hours, the number of adhesion plaques was significantly greater on control and C2H2 compared with TMS. At 4 hours, cell area on control discs was significantly greater than C2H2 and TMS. At 24 hours, cell area on control and C2H2 was significantly greater than TMS. Between 4 and 24 hours, the number of adhesion plaques increased significantly on all the surfaces. Cell area increased significantly on C2H2 and TMS between 4 and 24 hours. At 4 hours, shear stress needed to dislodge the cells was highest for polished C2H2 and least for titanium unpolished surface. Cells on polished surfaces in corresponding groups required higher shear stress to remove the cells than cells on unpolished surfaces. At 24 hours, cells on polished C2H2 required significantly higher shear stresses to detach them than cells on unpolished C2H2 and TMS (polished and unpolished). Cells on unpolished Ti required higher stress to dislodge than cells on unpolished TMS. From 4 to 24 hours, a significant increase in shear stress to remove the cells was required on all unpolished surfaces and polished C2H2. A significant correlation was seen between adhesion plaque density at 4 hours and shear stress. Discussion: This work supports the hypothesis that surfaces with high surface energy and high hydrophilicity lead to increased cell attachment and cell area. It also shows the correlation between adhesion plaque density and the shear stress needed to dislodge fibroblasts from bioactive surfaces.
Optical front-end for a quantum key distribution cubesat (2021)

Recent advances in pointing and tracking capabilities of small satellite platforms have enabled adoption of capabilities such as high-resolution Earth Observation (EO), inter-satellite laser communications and, more recently, quantum communications. Quantum communications requires unusually narrow optical beams and tight pointing performance (on the order of ten microradians) to close an inherently brightness-limited quantum link. This limit is due to quantum communication protocols such as quantum key distribution and teleportation requiring individual quantum states to be transmitted with photon number restrictions. We examine an opportunity to combine quantum communications with laser communications in sharing an optical link. We discuss a combined quantum and laser communication terminal capable of performing space-to-ground entanglement-distribution and high data rate communications on a 12U CubeSat with a 95mm beam expander and an 60 cm aperture optical ground telescope. Photon pairs produced by the quantum terminal are entangled in polarization so the polarization must be maintained throughout the optical link. We discuss active and passive compensation methods in space and polarization reference frame correction using a polarized reference beacon at the ground station. The combined quantum and laser communication terminal approach enables secure communications over an optical channel with rates of 100 Mbps and sub-nanosecond time transfer.
Hydrosoluble dendritic poly(ethylene oxide)s with zinc tetraphenylporphyrin branching points as photosensitizers (2012)

Synthesis of dendrimer-like star-branched poly(ethylene oxide)s (PEOs) with two and three generations having Zn(II) tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) moieties at the core and at each branching point has been successfully achieved through an iterative convergent approach harnessing “click chemistry”. In the first step, a four-armed poly(ethylene oxide) star-shaped polymer was synthesized by the copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition between α-azido poly(ethylene oxide) branches (N3-PEO-OH) and 5,10,15,20-tetra(propargyloxyphenyl) Zn(II) porphyrin as the core. In the second step, a tetra-armed star PEO bearing 5-(4-phenoxy)-10,15,20-tris(propargyloxyphenyl) Zn(II) porphyrin at each branch end was prepared by divergence of the ω-hydroxyl PEO chain-ends through a Williamson-type etherification reaction. The resulting star PEO with 3 propargyl groups at each arm end was then subjected to a new “click chemistry” reaction with N3-PEO-OH affording the dendrimer star-like PEO of second generation carrying 12 new ω-OH-PEO external branches attached to the four ZnTPP branching points. Repetition of the second step afforded the high molar mass third generation dendrimer-like PEO carrying 36 ω-OH PEO terminal branches with a uniform distribution of 17 zinc tetraphenylporphyrin moieties as internal branching points. The photophysical properties of the resulting polymers in organic or aqueous medium and their efficiency in singlet oxygen generation are reported.
A Secure Routing Protocol for SensorNet (2007)

The secure delivery of data between a source node and a sink node is an open problem in wireless sensor networks. We review the security model used for The University of Kansas’s SensorNet project, and discuss how it might be improved by using a secure routing protocol. In this paper we extend work done in developing multipath extensions to AODV. Unlike previous proposals on multipath extensions to AODV, the scheme proposed in this paper allows each node to use multiple disjoint paths concurrently to reach another node. Each of the paths is validated by using zero-knowledge proofs. Under the new scheme data is protected by traditional cryptography as well as using separate paths for key and data delivery. This increases the resiliency of the network as well as the security of the data.
Improved discriminant nearest feature space analysis for variable lighting face recognition (2013)

To improve the discriminant nearest feature space analysis (DNFSA) methods [6], in this paper, we propose an improved DNFSA (IDNFSA) algorithm to increase the robustness for variable lighting face recognition. The IDNFSA removes the mean of each image and attempts to minimize the within-class feature space (FS) distance and maximize the between-class FS distance simultaneously. In the IDNFSA, the first n eigenvectors are dropped and a generalized whitening transformation is suggested. In the recognition phase, the projected coefficients are classified by the nearest feature space rule with the ridge regression classification algorithm. Furthermore, to achieve higher accuracy, the illumination compensation is used. Experiments on the Extended Yale B (EYB) and FERET face databases reveal that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for variable lighting face recognition.
What Makes People Watch Online Videos (2017)

Searching for and retrieving videos in a meaningful way on the web is still an open problem. The integration of a user's context and intentions into the search process is one of the most promising approaches to enhance current search interfaces and algorithms. In this article, we present the results of two exploratory studies on the topic of online video searching, retrieving, watching, and sharing: a qualitative study in which 22 participants reported on situations when they retrieved and watched videos, and an online quantitative survey with more than 200 participants answering comparable questions. We provide a detailed analysis of the results from both studies and report on the insights that they provide in terms of video search, retrieval, watching, and sharing behavior. Our findings can be used to enhance current video retrieval systems, search interfaces, and algorithms in order to improve the overall user satisfaction and experience. As an example of such improvements, we also propose a prototype that addresses the problem of taking the user's intentions into account when designing video retrieval interfaces.
Inter-Numerology Interference in Mixed Numerology OFDM Systems in Time-Varying Fading Channels With Phase Noise (2023)

Mixed numerology has been adopted in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-based physical layer of 5G new radio (NR) to serve diverse use cases and services. Since the subcarriers of different numerologies have different bandwidths and symbol durations, they interfere with each other despite being centered at different frequencies. We analyze the inter-numerology interference (INI) encountered by these systems in wideband time-varying channels in the presence of phase noise. We derive novel expressions for the fading-averaged INI power at each subcarrier as a function of the channel’s power delay profile. These lead to insightful, tight bounds for the bandwidth-averaged INI power, which bring out the combined impact of Doppler spread and phase noise. Our comprehensive approach applies to the entire family of numerologies of 5G NR, and accounts for partial subcarrier loading, guard bands, and non-line-of-sight and line-of-sight channels. Our results show that INI affects high-rate modulation and coding schemes (MCSs). To mitigate its impact, we propose a novel statistical square root power allocation scheme that exploits the variation in the average INI powers across the subcarriers. It achieves a lower block error rate than uniform power allocation, which is used in 5G NR.
Learning Ideological Embeddings from Information Cascades (2021)

Modeling information cascades in a social network through the lenses of the ideological leaning of its users can help understanding phenomena such as misinformation propagation and confirmation bias, and devising techniques for mitigating their toxic effects.
Re-engineering of Human Urokinase Provides a System for Structure-based Drug Design at High Resolution and Reveals a Novel Structural Subsite (2000)

Inhibition of urokinase has been shown to slow tumor growth and metastasis. To utilize structure-based drug design, human urokinase was re-engineered to provide a more optimal crystal form. The redesigned protein consists of residues Ile(16)-Lys(243) (in the chymotrypsin numbering system; for the urokinase numbering system it is Ile(159)-Lys(404)) and two point mutations, C122A and N145Q (C279A and N302Q). The protein yields crystals that diffract to ultra-high resolution at a synchrotron source. The native structure has been refined to 1.5 A resolution. This new crystal form contains an accessible active site that facilitates compound soaking, which was used to determine the co-crystal structures of urokinase in complex with the small molecule inhibitors amiloride, 4-iodo-benzo(b)thiophene-2-carboxamidine and phenylguanidine at 2. 0-2.2 A resolution. All three inhibitors bind at the primary binding pocket of urokinase. The structures of amiloride and 4-iodo-benzo(b)thiophene-2-carboxamidine also reveal that each of their halogen atoms are bound at a novel structural subsite adjacent to the primary binding pocket. This site consists of residues Gly(218), Ser(146), and Cys(191)-Cys(220) and the side chain of Lys(143). This pocket could be utilized in future drug design efforts. Crystal structures of these three inhibitors in complex with urokinase reveal strategies for the design of more potent nonpeptidic urokinase inhibitors.