gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Multiplexed Serology for Nonhuman Mammals (2022)

Emerging infectious diseases represent a serious and ongoing threat to humans. Most emerging viruses are maintained in stable relationships with other species of animals, and their emergence within the human population results from cross-species transmission. Therefore, if we want to be prepared for the next emerging virus, we need to broadly characterize the diversity and ecology of viruses currently infecting other animals (i.e., the animal virosphere). High-throughput metagenomic sequencing has accelerated the pace of virus discovery. However, molecular assays can detect only active infections and only if virus is present within the sampled fluid or tissue at the time of collection. In contrast, serological assays measure long-lived antibody responses to infections, which can be detected within the blood, regardless of the infected tissues. Therefore, serological assays can provide a complementary approach for understanding the circulation of viruses, and while serological assays have historically been limited in scope, recent advancements allow thousands to hundreds of thousands of antigens to be assessed simultaneously using <1 μL of blood (i.e., highly multiplexed serology). The application of highly multiplexed serology for the characterization of the animal virosphere is dependent on the availability of reagents that can be used to capture or label antibodies of interest. Here, we evaluate the utility of commercial immunoglobulin-binding proteins (protein A and protein G) to enable highly multiplexed serology in 25 species of nonhuman mammals, and we describe a competitive fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) that can be used as an initial screen for choosing the most appropriate capture protein for a given host species. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Antibodies are generated in response to infections with viruses and other pathogens, and they help protect against future exposures. Mature antibodies are long lived, are highly specific, and can bind to their protein targets with high affinity. Thus, antibodies can also provide information about an individual's history of viral exposures, which has important applications for understanding the epidemiology and etiology of disease. In recent years, there have been large advances in the available methods for broadly characterizing antibody-binding profiles, but thus far, these have been utilized primarily with human samples only. Here, we demonstrate that commercial antibody-binding reagents can facilitate modern antibody assays for a wide variety of mammalian species, and we describe an inexpensive and fast approach for choosing the best reagent for each animal species. By studying antibody-binding profiles in captive and wild animals, we can better understand the distribution and prevalence of viruses that could spill over into humans.
Microfabricated Linear Hydrogel Microarray for Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection (2011)

A platform is developed for rapid, multiplexed detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms using gels copolymerized with oligonucleotide capture probes in a linear microchannel array. DNA samples are analyzed by electrophoresis through the linear array of gels, each containing 20-40 μM of a unique oligonucleotide capture probe. Electrophoresis of target DNA through the capture sites and the high concentration of capture probes within the gels enables significantly shorter incubation times than standard surface DNA microarrays. These factors also result in a significant concentration of target within the gels, enabling precise analysis of as little as 0.6 femtomoles of DNA target. Differential melting of perfectly matched and mismatched targets from capture probes as a function of electric field and temperature enables rapid, unambiguous identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
Optimizing end-to-end distortion in MIMO systems (2005)

A significant amount of recent research has focused on characterizing the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff region in multiple antenna wireless systems. In this paper we focus on finding the point on this diversity-multiplexing region that minimizes an end-to-end distortion measure. Our goal is to find the optimal balance between the increased data rate provided by multiplexing versus the error protection provided by diversity. We first present analytical results for the distortion achieved by concatenating a vector quantizer with a MIMO channel. We show that in the high SNR regime we can find a closed form expression for the end-to-end distortion as a function of the optimal point on the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff curve. We also show that this framework can be used to minimize end-to-end distortion for a broad class of source and channel codes. We demonstrate this with a non-asymptotic example using progressive video encoding and space-time channel codes. Finally, we summarize a methodology for incorporating delay into the end-to-end distortion model and solving for the optimal tradeoff between diversity, multiplexing, and delay
Maximum directivity beam-former at 60 GHz with optical feeder (2003)

We present an optically controlled 60 GHz array antenna which may be used as a smart antenna in an envisaged broadband mobile communication system. The desired field patterns of the antenna were synthesized using the maximum directivity beam-forming algorithm which enables an optimum radio link to a selected mobile terminal to be created while the signals of other terminals are suppressed by the nulls of the antenna's field distribution. The 60 GHz signals were generated by optically heterodyning the signals of two laser diodes. The field distribution of the antenna was formed by a silica based photonic beam-forming network. The experimentally obtained data confirmed the calculated field patterns.
Development of an inkjet printed green antenna and twisting effect for wireless body area network (2015)

A miniaturized monopole antenna was designed and fabricated on an organic paper and LCP material for wireless body area network. Compared with previous work, the proposed design has 20% reduction of the antenna size but with enhanced performance. The effects of the compact coplanar antenna under different twisting conditions is described in this paper. The proposed antennas are simulated and designed on an organic paper and a Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) substrate with dielectric constant D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> = 3.4 and thickness 15μm and 5μm respectively, occupying the area of 22×30mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . A detailed discussion about radiation pattern, Gain, antenna efficiency and power pattern is given with the help of experimental and numerical results.
Noise resistant audio-visual verification via structural constraints (2004)

We propose a piecewise linear classifier for use as the decision stage in a two-modal verification system, comprised of a face expert and a speech expert. The classifier utilizes a fixed decision boundary that has been specifically designed to account for the effects of noisy audio conditions. Experimental results show that, in clean conditions, the proposed classifier is outperformed by a traditional weighted summation decision stage (using both fixed and adaptive weights); however, in high noise conditions the classifier obtains better performance than the fixed approach and has similar performance as the adaptive approach, with the advantage of having a fixed (non-adaptive) structure.
ROMK1 (Kir1.1) Causes Apoptosis and Chronic Silencing of Hippocampal Neurons (2000)

Lentiviral vectors were constructed to express the weakly rectifying kidney K(+) channel ROMK1 (Kir1.1), either fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or as a bicistronic message (ROMK1-CITE-EGFP). The channel was stably expressed in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Infected cells were maintained for 2-4 wk without decrease in expression level or evidence of viral toxicity, although 15.4 mM external KCl was required to prevent apoptosis of neurons expressing functional ROMK1. No other trophic agents tested could prevent cell death, which was probably caused by K(+) loss. This cell death did not occur in glia, which were able to support ROMK1 expression indefinitely. Functional ROMK1, quantified as the nonnative inward current at -144 mV in 5.4 mM external K(+) blockable by 500 microM Ba(2+), ranged from 1 to 40 pA/pF. Infected neurons exhibited a Ba(2+)-induced depolarization of 7 +/- 2 mV relative to matched EGFP-infected controls, as well as a 30% decrease in input resistance and a shift in action potential threshold of 2.6 +/- 0.5 mV. This led to a shift in the relation between injected current and firing frequency, without changes in spike shape, size, or timing. This shift, which quantifies silencing as a function of ROMK1 expression, was predicted from Hodgkin-Huxley models. No cellular compensatory mechanisms in response to expression of ROMK1 were identified, making ROMK1 potentially useful for transgenic studies of silencing and neurodegeneration, although its lethality in normal K(+) has implications for the use of K(+) channels in gene therapy.
Influence of disorder on electromagnetically induced transparency in chiral waveguide quantum electrodynamics (2018)

We study single-photon transport in a one-dimensional disordered lattice of three-level atoms coupled to an optical waveguide. In particular, we study atoms of &#x039B;-type that are capable of exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency and separately consider disorder in the atomic positions and transition frequencies. We mainly address the question of how preferential emission into waveguide modes (chirality) can influence the formation of spatially localized states. Our work has relevance to experimental studies of cold atoms coupled to nanoscale waveguides and has possible applications to quantum communications.
NANOMETER-SIZED OXYGEN CARRIER ALLEVIATES CEREBRAL INFARCTION IN THE RAT (2003)

Background. Treatment of cerebral infarction (CI) has been limited to indirect therapies aiming at reduction of edema or oxygen demand. We tested a hypothesis that an ultra-small (200 nm) liposome-encapsulated-hemoglobin (LEH) may ameliorate tissue hypoxia and limit ischemic damages in a rodent CI model. Methods. LEH was intravenously infused 1% of body weight 5 minutes before (PR) and 5 minutes after (PT) occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery in SD rats. Severity of edema was compared with CI rats without treatment (CT) 24-hour later on T2 weighed relative signal strength obtained with MRI system at cortex, striatum, hippocampus and pyriform lobe (Table).TableResults. LEH was effective in reducing brain edema in all areas except in pyriform lobe in PR and PT than in CT. Edema reduction was more prominent when NRC was infused before CI, but NRC after CI was still effective in reducing edema without significant difference between administration before and after CI. Monoclonal antibody revealed human hemoglobin (=LEH) in capillaries throughout the CI tissues. Conclusion. Nanometer-sized LEH was effective in reducing brain edema before as well as after CI in the rat.
Second Messenger Systems and Signal Transduction Mechanisms (1997)

Hormones are secreted, reach their target, and bind to a receptor. The interaction of the hormone with the receptor produces an initial signal that through a series of steps, results in the final hormone action. How does the binding of a hormone to a receptor result in a cellular action? For example, in times of stress, epinephrine is secreted by the adrenal glands, is bound by receptors in skeletal muscle, and results in the hydrolysis of glycogen and the secretion of glucose. Signal transduction is the series of steps and signals that links the receptor binding of epinephrine to the hydrolysis of glycogen. Signal transduction can be simple or complex. There can be only one or two steps between receptor and effect, or intestinal tract and the massive diarrhea that characterizes cholera. Pertussis toxin causes the ADP ribosylation of the α subunit of Gj. This results in uncoupling of thr G-protein from the receptor, and leads to constitutive activation of adenylyl cyclase and increased leves of cAMP.
Dra I identifies a two allele DNA polymorphism in the human alpha2-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRAR), using a 5.5 kb probe (p ADRAR) (1988)

A5751mkb ihumanigenmic DNA fragment (BamH I) of the platelet alpha2-adrenergic receptor (ADRAR)(1), containing the whole coding region (1350 bp), and kindly provided by Drs. Brian K. Kobilka and Robert J. Lefkowitz (2), was used as a probe (p ADRAR). POLYMORPHISM: Hybridization of human genomic DNA digested with Dra I identifies a two allele polymorphism with bands at 6.7 kb (A) and 6.3 kb (B).
A Robust, Compact SPICE Model for Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducer Array Elements (2018)

A new high-accuracy SPICE model for piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer array elements has been developed using advanced non-linear regression curve fitting techniques. This allows integrated design of ultrasonic array elements and CMOS circuitry, avoiding difficulties with hybrid models. Simulated and measured data show improved quality of fit across a wide frequency range when compared to a conventional model. By specifying a frequency range of interest, the non-isolated modes common in practical ultrasonic array elements can also be modelled, providing a route to the use of Monte Carlo AC simulation. This has important implications for the many future devices that will be built using CMOS circuitry integrated with ultrasonic arrays.
FETCH and PATCH with Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML) (2020)

The Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML) media type and data model can be
used to send collections of resources, such as batches of sensor data
or configuration parameters. The CoAP iPATCH, PATCH, and FETCH methods
enable accessing and updating parts of a resource or multiple
resources with one request. This document defines new media types for
the CoAP iPATCH, PATCH, and FETCH methods for resources represented
with the SenML data model.
Evidence of an aggregative mechanism during the formation of silver nanowires in N,N-dimethylformamide (2004)

A detailed high-resolution electron microscopy study of the formation of Ag nanowires by solvent reduction in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) at high temperature provided clear evidence that the nanowires grow through the oriented aggregation of precursor nanoparticles. The HRTEM images demonstrate that initially, icosahedral and cuboctahedral Ag nanoparticles are formed, which then self-assemble to form aligned stripes, and eventually fuse with each other to yield single crystalline nanowires. The nanoparticle aggregation only takes place through preferred facets of the original nanocrystals, and therefore intermediate twisted wires are observed.
Warfarin monitoring by an anticoagulant therapy factor (ATF). (1998)

In a pilot study (1997) using POTENS+, our coagulation instrument, we determined that: (a) an Anticoagulant Therapy Factor (ATF) was comparable to the International Normalized Ratio (INR) for monitoring warfarin anticoagulant therapy, (b) one could use any of the four thromboplastins with which the ATF was derived with comparable results, and (c) the ATF could be proposed to monitor warfarin therapy. The ATF-INR comparisons correlated well statistically; but when individual ATF-INR comparisons were later studied, there were frequent discrepancies. The pilot study (1997) was based on hospitalized patients, so almost all patients were undergoing induction of warfarin anticoagulation. Since none of them had taken warfarin for at least six weeks, none of them could be considered "stable" on warfarin. In the present study, all patients were on warfarin therapy for at least six weeks, and the ATF equation was modified by multiplying it by the prothrombin ratio (PR) to give a corrected ATF (CATF). This CATF was then further modified to achieve agreement with the INR by adjusting the linear regression line by means of analytic geometry, so that the CATF-INR regression line now had a slope of one and passed through the origin. With these changes, the modified ATFs (MATF) and INRs correlated well and were nearly equal numerically when using two of the four thromboplastins. Reason for the discrepancies with the other two thromboplastins will be discussed.
High-throughput platform for real-time monitoring of biological processes by multicolor single-molecule fluorescence (2013)

Zero-mode waveguides provide a powerful technology for studying single-molecule real-time dynamics of biological systems at physiological ligand concentrations. We customized a commercial zero-mode waveguide-based DNA sequencer for use as a versatile instrument for single-molecule fluorescence detection and showed that the system provides long fluorophore lifetimes with good signal to noise and low spectral cross-talk. We then used a ribosomal translation assay to show real-time fluidic delivery during data acquisition, showing it is possible to follow the conformation and composition of thousands of single biomolecules simultaneously through four spectral channels. This instrument allows high-throughput multiplexed dynamics of single-molecule biological processes over long timescales. The instrumentation presented here has broad applications to single-molecule studies of biological systems and is easily accessible to the biophysical community.
Influence of Surface Chemistry on the Release of an Antibacterial Drug from Nanostructured Porous Silicon (2015)

Nanostructured mesoporous silicon possesses important properties advantageous to drug loading and delivery. For controlled release of the antibacterial drug triclosan, and its associated activity versus Staphylococcus aureus, previous studies investigated the influence of porosity of the silicon matrix. In this work, we focus on the complementary issue of the influence of surface chemistry on such properties, with particular regard to drug loading and release kinetics that can be ideally adjusted by surface modification. Comparison between drug release from as-anodized, hydride-terminated hydrophobic porous silicon and the oxidized hydrophilic counterpart is complicated due to the rapid bioresorption of the former; hence, a hydrophobic interface with long-term biostability is desired, such as can be provided by a relatively long chain octyl moiety. To minimize possible thermal degradation of the surfaces or drug activity during loading of molten drug species, a solution loading method has been investigated. Such studies demonstrate that the ability of porous silicon to act as an effective carrier for sustained delivery of antibacterial agents can be sensitively altered by surface functionalization.
A Controller Parametrization and Pole-Placement Design for Simultaneous Stabilization (1990)

This paper investigates the use of stable inverses to obtain multi-model controllers for the simultaneous stabilisation of a class of plants. A parametrization in terms of a stable inverse and a stable null space is proposed for all simultaneously stabilising controllers. Then a strictly proper controller design method for a particular simultaneous pole-placement is devised and the controller for this pole-placement is shown to have a multi-model structure similar to observers. For a more general pole-placement problem, it is shown that the parametrisation can be used to reduce the order of the controller to be the same as a controller designed based on generalised observers.
New perspectives on the immunology of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (2002)

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is a primary immune deficiency presenting as an inability to clear fungal infections and consequently as persisting and recurring infections of the skin and mucous membranes with yeasts, mostly Candida albicans. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome which usually presents in childhood and can have an autosomal recessive, dominant or sporadic mode of inheritance. Most chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis patients also develop accompanying endocrine and inflammatory disorders that suggest an underlying deregulation of the immune system. It has long been recognized that protection from mucocutaneous candidiasis relies on cell-mediated immunity and studies on animal models have highlighted the essential role of type 1 cytokines in protection against Candida spp. Recent data in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis have documented altered patterns of cytokine production in response to Candida spp. with decreased production of some but not all type 1 cytokines and increased levels of interleukin-10. The defect underlying altered cytokine production remains unknown but studies are in progress addressing the putative role of dendritic cells and pattern recognition receptors in directing cytokine responses. These novel insights into immune mechanisms responsible for protection against Candida spp. are opening new possibilities of immunomodulation and vaccination that could prove beneficial in the management of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.
Identification of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Novel Tumor Marker for Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (2006)

Our results indicate that a marked nicotinamide N-methyltransferase increase is a peculiar feature of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Additional studies may establish the role of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in tumor formation and progression.
<title>HSRS: an infrared sensor for hot spot detection</title> (1998)

The observation of high temperature events (HTE) is an important field of the remote sensing because of their influence on the global change of the environmental processes. Currently a small satellite BIRD (Bispectral Infrared Detection) dedicated to this task is under development in the German Aerospace Center. Considering the restrictions of an 80 kg satellite a bispectral infrared push broom scanner working in the Midwave and in the Thermal Infrared based on the latest technology of linear detector arrays was developed. The identical design for both infrared channels was realized to save resources and to guarantee the reliability. Because of the limited number of elements per line a subpixel detecting concept was chosen to estimate the parameters of the HTE with a reasonable ground resolution and swath wide. A special dual band optics and a compact sensor head design will ensure the required geometric stability. The subpixel measurement method for the hot spot detection requires a high detectivity and a large dynamic range. A special signal processing concept has been implemented at the sensor head controller. Recently the first airborne experiments were carried out together with a push broom scanner in the visible. During this experiments the sensor control, onboard signal processing and data transmission routines were tested.