gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autophosphorylation of the carboxyl‐terminal domain is not required for oncogenic transformation by lung‐cancer derived EGFR mutants (2018)

Aberrant activation of cancer-derived mutants of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is closely associated with cancer pathogenesis and is thought to be mediated through multiple tyrosine phosphorylations within the C-terminal domain. Here, we examined the consequences of the loss of these C-terminal phosphorylation sites on cellular transformation in the context of lung-cancer-derived L858R, exon 19 deletion and exon 20 insertion mutant EGFR. Oncogenic EGFR mutants with substitution of the 10 potential C-terminal tyrosine autophosphorylation sites for phenylalanine (CYF10) were still able to promote anchorage-independent growth in soft agar at levels comparable to the parental L858R or exon19 deletion or exon 20 insertion mutants with intact autophosphorylation sites. Furthermore, these CYF10 mutants retained the ability to transform Ba/F3 cells in the absence of IL-3. Bead-based phosphorylation and immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that key EGFR-associated proteins-including Grb2 and PLC-γ-are neither phosphorylated nor bound to CYF10 mutants in transformed cells. Taken together, we conclude that tyrosine phosphorylation is not required for oncogenic activity of lung-cancer-derived mutant EGFR, suggesting these mutants can lead to cellular transformation by an alternative mechanism independent of EGFR phosphorylation.
ChemInform Abstract: DEFINED DIMENSIONAL ALTERATIONS IN ENZYME SUBSTRATES. LIN‐NAPHTHOADENINE AND LIN‐NAPHTHOADENOSINE (1984)

Abstract Die Darstellung von lin‐Naphthoadenin (IXa) und lin‐ Naphthoadenosin (IXb) aus dem Benzimidazol (I) wird beschrieben.
Algorithms for iterative decoding in the presence of strong phase noise (2005)

We present two new iterative decoding algorithms for channels affected by strong phase noise and compare them with the best existing algorithms proposed in the literature. The proposed algorithms are obtained as an application of the sum-product algorithm to the factor graph representing the joint a posteriori probability mass function of the information bits given the channel output. In order to overcome the problems due to the presence in the factor graph of continuous random variables, we apply the method of canonical distributions . Several choices of canonical distributions have been considered in the literature. Well-known approaches consist of discretizing continuous variables or treating them as jointly Gaussian, thus obtaining a Kalman estimator. Our first new approach, based on the Fourier series expansion of the phase probability density function, yields better complexity/performance tradeoff with respect to the usual discretized-phase method. Our second new approach, based on the Tikhonov canonical distribution, yields near-optimal performance at very low complexity and is shown to be much more robust than the Kalman method to the placement of pilot symbols in the coded frame. We present numerical results for binary LDPC codes and LDPC-coded modulation, with particular reference to some phase-noise models and coded-modulation formats standardized in the next-generation satellite Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-S2). These results show that our algorithms achieve near-coherent performance at very low complexity without requiring any change to the existing DVB-S2 standard.
Recent Developments in Molecular-Based Food-Borne Pathogen Detection (2014)

Modern day molecular methods are being increasingly used for food applications. Such techniques often demonstrate high sensitivity and selectivity for target organisms, and some are even equipped to detect single molecules of target nucleic acids. With increasing numbers of infectious pathogen genomes being sequenced, these available genetic data can be exploited for the development of species-specic diagnostic assays to detect important pathogenic bacteria in foods. Molecular methods are also quite useful for detection of and discrimination among closely related pathogens that cannot be differentiated using culture methods.
Typical Error Exponents: A Dual Domain Derivation (2022)

This paper shows that the probability that the error exponent of a given code randomly generated from a pairwise-independent ensemble is smaller than a lower bound on the typical random-coding exponent tends to zero as the codeword length tends to infinity. This lower bound is known to be tight for i.i.d. ensembles over the binary symmetric channel and for constant-composition codes over memoryless channels. Our results recover both as special cases and remain valid for arbitrary alphabets, arbitrary channels—for example finite-state channels with memory—, and arbitrary pairwise-independent ensembles. We specialize our results to the i.i.d., constant-composition and cost-constrained ensembles over discrete memoryless channels and to ensembles over finite-state channels.
Influence of surfactants on the intensity of single bubble sonoluminescence (1998)

WTeconduct an experimental study of the dependence of single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) intensity on the concentration of organic surfactants (alcohols). All surfactants we used act to decrease the bght emission drastically, some of them already at very low (bulk) concentration. Furthermore, surfactants increase the pinch-off frequency in unstable SBSL, i.e., the periods of slow light intensity incre=e (due to rectified diffusion) between the rapid decreases (due to microbubble pinch-off) become shorter. A theoretical explanation along the lines of the hydrodynamical approach to SBSL is given. OBJECTIVE & EXPERIMENTAL SETUP ln a previous study, \Veninger et al. [1] have observed the decreme of light intensity of a SBSL bubble when a tiny amount of a surface active substance (surfactant ), namely l-butanol, was added to the liquid. As in their experiment, we have worked with air in (degassed) water. W’e have memured the light intensity resulting from the application of zarious alcohols of different molecular weight. Our experiment [2] w= inspired by similar research in the area of multi bubble sonoluminescence (cavitation bubble fields) by Grieser et al. [3,4]. SBSL was obtained in the usual way by driving a spherical glass flask filled with degassed water at a resonance frequency through two piezoelectric transducers attached to the flask wall, establishing a standing wave inside. The gas concentration was controlled by oxyometry [2]. Light intensities were registered using a photodiode.
COMPARISON OF COMBINED AEROBIC AND HIGH-FORCE ECCENTRIC RESISTANCE EXERCISE TO AEROBIC-ONLY EXERCISE FOR PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. (2008)

Smith, Sheldon B1; Addison, Odessa1; Morrell, Glen2; Lee, Dibble1; Wahoff-Stice, Donna3; LaStayo, Paul1; Marcus, Robin L.1 Author Information
From Differential Image Motion to Seeing (2002)

The theory of the differential image motion monitor (DIMM), a standard and widely spread method of measuring astronomical seeing, is reviewed and extended. More accurate coefficients for computing the Fried parameter from the measured variance of image motion are given. They are tested by numerical simulations that show that any DIMM measures Zernike tilts, not image centroids as generally assumed. The contribution of CCD readout noise to image motion variance is modeled. It can substantially bias DIMM results if left unsubtracted. The second most important DIMM bias comes from the used exposure time, which is typically not short enough to freeze image motion completely. This effect is studied quantitatively for real turbulence and wind profiles, and its correction by interlaced short and long exposures is validated. Finally, the influence of turbulence outer scale reduces image size in large telescopes by 10% or more compared to the standard theory; new formulae to compute FWHM and half‐energy diameter of the atmospheric point‐spread function that take into account outer scale are provided.
An Improved Broadcast Retransmission Protocol (1984)

A recent paper by Calo and Easton proposes a broadcast protocol for identical file transfers to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> different sites wherein a large block of transmitted data is divided into <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> frames of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</tex> bits each, and in a second transmission cycle all frames not acknowledged by all sites are retransmitted. This paper shows several versions of a different technique which can result in better efficiency. In the technique, additional frames sent are not exact replicas of initially unacknowledged frames, but are chosen to provide additional information to all sites having one or more nondecodable frames. New frames are sent to provide additional information until all sites acknowledge the entire block.
Pseudo-neglect in Huntington’s disease correlates with decreased angular gyrus density (2004)

Visuospatial attentional bias was examined in Huntington's disease (HD) patients with mild disease, asymptomatic gene-positive patients and controls. No group differences were found on the grey scales task (which is a non-motor task of visuospatial attentional bias), although patients' trinucleotide (CAG) repeat length correlated with increasing leftward bias. On the line bisection task, symptomatic patients made significantly larger leftward bisection errors relative to controls, who showed the normal slight degree of leftward error (pseudo-neglect). The asymptomatic group showed a trend for greater leftward error than controls. A subset of participants went on to have structural MRI, which showed a correlation between increased leftward error on the line bisection task and reduced density in the angular gyrus area (BA39) bilaterally. This finding is consistent with recent literature suggesting a critical role for the angular gyrus in the lateralization of visuospatial attention.
Fabrication and Characterization of Epitaxial Graphene Field Effect Transistor Devices Based on a Monolithic Bottom Gate (2022)

Current electronics technology increasingly demands higher integration, flexibility, higher efficiency, and performance aspects such as compatibility with higher temperature operation of the semiconductor devices, which may find limitations when silicon is used. The superior intrinsic properties of SiC, eventually combined with the ability of growing monolithically epitaxial, high quality graphene on a SiC wafer (1), makes it a reliable alternative for some electronic applications, such as field effect transistors (FET), radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers, integrated circuits (IC), or sensors. In this work, we describe the fabrication and preliminary electrical characterizations of epitaxial graphene (EG) on a SiC substrate FET devices based on an alternative back gate architecture. We propose a new approach in which the FET device is built on a 4◦ off-axis cut, N+ doped 4H-SiC substrate (the back gate) with, on top of, it a 1μm semi-insulating homoepitaxial layer of SiC compensated with vanadium (the dielectric layer). EG will be used as FET conduction channel. Using this V-compensated dielectric layer is aimed to minimize effects on the FET characteristics such as from defects in the SiC crystal, especially below the FET active areas, which would have occurred when using ion implantation to create a buried gate. The EG film was grown by the high temperature Si sublimation method under an Ar ambient. Raman spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were applied in the structural characterization of epigraphene. The lack of D-peak in Raman spectra, together with SEM and AFM images, indicate that high quality monolayer to few layer epitaxial graphene fully covering the SiC surface is deposited. The electrical characteristics of the EG channel-devices and the functionality of the bottom gate were examined with 2-probe and 4-probe method. The electrical properties of the FET devices were also investigated with 3 terminal configuration.
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY HOV SYSTEMS. VOLUME 3: BENEFIT IMPLICATIONS OF ALTERNATIVE POLICIES FOR INCLUDING HOV LANES IN ROUTE GUIDANCE NETWORKS (1992)

This study investigates issues concerning the implementation and impacts of lateral guidance/control systems and the phased implementation of these systems in exclusive-access High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes. The study is divided into 5 volumes. The objectives of each volume are as follows: Vol. 1: identify strategies for early deployment of longitudinal control technologies on the highway, and to evaluate potential impacts of these strategies on traffic operation, highway capacity, and traffic accidents. Vol. 2A: assess the feasibility of early deployment of Roadway Powered Electric Vehicle (RPEV) technology in existing HOV facilities in California. Vol. 2B: investigate potential near-term air quality benefits due to RPEV's relative to conventional Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV's), when the two are assumed to operate under identical conditions. Vol. 3: identify policy scenarios for including HOV lanes in dynamic route-guidance networks, when HOV lanes exist on the corridors. Vol. 4: study incremental systems for implementation in existing transitways and potential safety and capacity impacts of these systems, and assess human-factor issues relevant for the implementation of these systems.
Empowering video players in cellular (2019)

Today's HTTP adaptive streaming applications are designed to provide high levels of Quality of Experience (QoE) across a wide range of network conditions. The adaptation logic in these applications typically needs an estimate of the future network bandwidth for quality decisions. This estimation, however, is challenging in cellular networks because of the inherent variability of bandwidth and latency due to factors like signal fading, variable load, and user mobility. In this paper, we exploit machine learning (ML) techniques on a range of radio channel metrics and throughput measurements from a commercial cellular network to improve the estimation accuracy and hence, streaming quality. We propose a novel summarization approach for input raw data samples. This approach reduces the 90th percentile of absolute prediction error from 54% to 13%. We evaluate our prediction engine in a trace-driven controlled lab environment using a popular Android video player (ExoPlayer) running on a stock mobile device and also validate it in the commercial cellular network. Our results show that the three tested adaptation algorithms register improvement across all QoE metrics when using prediction, with stall reduction up to 85% and bitrate switching reduction up to 40%, while maintaining or improving video quality. Finally, prediction improves the video QoE score by up to 33%.
Polygenic risk for schizophrenia is associated with social cognition across development (2015)

Breakthroughs in genomics have begun to unravel the genetic architecture of schizophrenia risk, providing methods for quantifying schizophrenia polygenic risk based on common genetic variants. Our objective in the current study was to understand the relationship between schizophrenia genetic risk variants and neurocognitive development in healthy individuals. We first used combined genomic and neurocognitive data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC; 4303 participants ages 8 - 21 years) to screen 26 neurocognitive phenotypes for their association with schizophrenia polygenic risk. Schizophrenia polygenic risk was estimated for each participant based on summary statistics from the most recent schizophrenia genome-wide association analysis (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium 2014). After correction for multiple comparisons, greater schizophrenia polygenic risk was significantly associated with reduced speed of emotion identification and verbal reasoning. These associations were significant by age 9 and there was no evidence of interaction between schizophrenia polygenic risk and age on neurocognitive performance. We then looked at the association between schizophrenia polygenic risk and emotion identification speed in the Harvard / MGH Brain Genomics Superstruct Project sample (GSP; 695 participants age 18-35 years), where we replicated the association between schizophrenia polygenic risk and emotion identification speed. These analyses provide evidence for a replicable association between polygenic risk for schizophrenia and specific aspects of neurocognitive performance. Our findings indicate that individual differences in genetic risk for schizophrenia are linked with the development of social cognition and potentially verbal reasoning, and that these associations emerge relatively early in development.
N‐Amination of Unsymmetrically Substituted Pyrimidines. Synthesis of Isomeric N‐Aminopyrimidones. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
In Vitro Characterization of a Nineteenth-Century Therapy for Smallpox (2012)

In the nineteenth century, smallpox ravaged through the United States and Canada. At this time, a botanical preparation, derived from the carnivorous plant Sarracenia purpurea, was proclaimed as being a successful therapy for smallpox infections. The work described characterizes the antipoxvirus activity associated with this botanical extract against vaccinia virus, monkeypox virus and variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox. Our work demonstrates the in vitro characterization of Sarracenia purpurea as the first effective inhibitor of poxvirus replication at the level of early viral transcription. With the renewed threat of poxvirus-related infections, our results indicate Sarracenia purpurea may act as another defensive measure against Orthopoxvirus infections.
Solid-phase von Willebrand factor contains a conformationally active RGD motif that mediates endothelial cell adhesion through the alpha v beta 3 receptor (1993)

The interaction of von Willebrand factor (vWF) with the alpha v beta 3 integrin of human umbilical vein endothelial cells is dependent on the RGD sequence present at residues 1744-1746 of the mature vWF subunit. We compared vWF and its two dimeric fragments, SpIII (residues 1-1365) and SpII (residues 1366-2050), as adhesion substrates. Solid-phase vWF and SpII supported endothelial cell adhesion, whereas SpIII, which contains the glycoprotein (GP) Ib binding domain, did not. Soluble SpII inhibited adhesion to immobilized ligands, whereas soluble vWF did not, suggesting that exposure of the cell attachment domain involves a conformational modification of vWF. Dendroaspin and albolabrin, two RGD-containing peptides of the disintegrin family, were potent inhibitors of cell adhesion to vWF (IC50 approximately 15 nmol/L). Complete inhibition of endothelial cell adhesion to vWF was obtained in the presence of F(ab')2 of monoclonal antibody 9 to vWF, which blocks vWF binding to platelet GPIIb/IIIa. In contrast, monoclonal antibody 713 to vWF, which blocks its binding to platelet GPIb, did not inhibit cell adhesion to vWF. These results indicate that endothelial cell adhesion to vWF is mediated by an RGD-dependent interaction with alpha v beta 3, but does not seem to involve a GPIb-like receptor, and show the importance of the conformation of the RGD sequence.
CFD Simulation of R134a and R410A Two-Phase Flow in the Vertical Header of Microchannel Heat Exchanger (2016)

Refrigerant maldistribution in the header of microchannel heat exchanger (MCHX) may reduce MCHX capacity by up to 30% because it creates the unwanted superheated region, where the heat transfer is much lower than the two-phase region due to the lower heat transfer coeeficient of superheated vapor and less temperature difference between refrigerant and air. The objective of this study is to gain more insights on the two-phase flow in the header through CFD simulation based on experimental results. In the experiment, the two-phase R134a or R410A is circulated into the transparent vertical header through multi-parallel microchannel tubes in the bottom pass and exits through multi-parallel microchannel tubes in the top pass representing the flow in the heat pump mode of a reversible system. Visualization reveals that R410A distribution is related to the size of churn flow region in the header. The best distribution is at high mass flux and low quality. When mass flux is lower, the churn flow region is smaller and the distribution is worse due to lack of sufficient momentum to supply liquid to the top tubes. At higher quality (e.g. xin = 0.6 and 0.8), besides lacking sufficient momentum to lift liquid, the churn flow region is much smaller because the semi-annular flow appears at the bottom parts of the header. The liquid film in semi-annular flow bypasses the bottom exit tubes and makes these tubes get less liquid than other tubes in churn flow region. The experimental results are compared with CFD simulation for better understanding. The Eulerian-Eulerian model in the commercial software Fluent is used to conduct simulation. Good accuracy of CFD simulation is achieved by comparing with the experimental results. The CFD simulation shows more details of two-phase flow pattern in the vertical header. The pressure contour shows the pressure increases along the upward flow. It is due to the fluid is exiting and the flow is decelerating. The velocity vectors show that there is a swirling between each two tubes in the header, except for the last two tubes. The swirling creates non-uniform pressure distribution in the same cross-section plane. Therefore, the location where to measure the pressure in the header affecting the understanding of two-phase flow in the header significantly.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva Presenting as an Isolated Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis: A Case Report. (2018)

Cancers of unknown primary site presenting in an inguinal lymph node are relatively rare. Vulvar carcinoma should remain in the differential diagnosis even in the setting of a previously negative pelvic examination.
Recent advances in mucosal delivery of vaccines: role of mucoadhesive/biodegradable polymeric carriers (2010)

Biodegradable polymeric carriers represent a promising approach for mucosal delivery of vaccine.
Hypoxia induces arginase II expression and increases viable human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell numbers via AMPKα1 signaling (2017)

Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation is one of the hallmark features of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. With only supportive treatment options available for this life-threatening disease, treating and preventing the proliferation of PASMCs is a viable therapeutic option. A key promoter of hypoxia-induced increases in the number of viable human PASMCs is arginase II, with attenuation of viable cell numbers following pharmacologic inhibition or siRNA knockdown of the enzyme. Additionally, increased levels of arginase have been demonstrated in the pulmonary vasculature of patients with pulmonary hypertension. The signaling pathways responsible for the hypoxic induction of arginase II in PASMCs, however, remain unknown. Hypoxia is a recognized activator of AMPK, which is known to be expressed in human PASMCs (hPASMCs). Activation of AMPK by hypoxia has been shown to promote cell survival in PASMCs. In addition, pharmacologic agents targeting AMPK have been shown to attenuate chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in animal models. The present studies tested the hypothesis that hypoxia-induced arginase II expression in hPASMCs is mediated through AMPK signaling. We found that pharmacologic inhibitors of AMPK, as well as siRNA knockdown of AMPKα1, prevented hypoxia-induced arginase II. The hypoxia-induced increase in viable hPASMC numbers was also prevented following both pharmacologic inhibition and siRNA knockdown of AMPK. Furthermore, we demonstrate that overexpression of AMPK induced arginase II protein expression and viable cells numbers in hPASMCs.