gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvements in boundary control of boost converters using the natural switching surface (2011)

A boundary control scheme for boost converters with enhanced performance using the natural switching surface (NSS) is presented in this paper. The derivation of the Switching Surface (SS) is performed in the normalized domain to obtain a general geometrical representation that is applicable to any combination of boost converter parameters. The resulting SS provides an excellent dynamic response during start-up and sudden load changes, achieving steady state in only one switching action. In order to illustrate the characteristic features and the superior performance of the natural SS, a geometrical analysis is fully developed and compared to other recent SSs. A design example is presented to illustrate the benefits of the normalization technique, and the qualities of the natural SS are confirmed with experimental results of a 30 W, 10 V/22 V converter.
Soluble guanylate cyclase as an alternative target for bronchodilator therapy in asthma (2016)

Asthma is defined by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, and contributes to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although bronchodilation is a cornerstone of treatment, current bronchodilators become ineffective with worsening asthma severity. We investigated an alternative pathway that involves activating the airway smooth muscle enzyme, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). Activating sGC by its natural stimulant nitric oxide (NO), or by pharmacologic sGC agonists BAY 41-2272 and BAY 60-2770, triggered bronchodilation in normal human lung slices and in mouse airways. Both BAY 41-2272 and BAY 60-2770 reversed airway hyperresponsiveness in mice with allergic asthma and restored normal lung function. The sGC from mouse asthmatic lungs displayed three hallmarks of oxidative damage that render it NO-insensitive, and identical changes to sGC occurred in human lung slices or in human airway smooth muscle cells when given chronic NO exposure to mimic the high NO in asthmatic lung. Our findings show how allergic inflammation in asthma may impede NO-based bronchodilation, and reveal that pharmacologic sGC agonists can achieve bronchodilation despite this loss.
Photochemical behaviour of Tc2OCl10 4– and TcnOy 4n–2y+ in chloride media (2006)

Summary The stabilities of the technetium polymers Tc 2 OCl 10 4− and Tc n O y 4n−2y+ have been studied under light irradiation in 3 M chloride media with a pH range from 0 to 1.3. It has been shown that under irradiation, Tc 2 OCl 10 4− is not stable and undergoes dissociation to TcCl 5 (H 2 O) - at pH = 0 and pH = 0.3. At pH = 1, irradiation of Tc 2 OCl 10 4− leads to a stationary state involving TcCl 5 (H 2 O) - and Tc 2 OCl 10 4− . At pH = 1.3, Tc n O y 4n−2 y+ remains stable under irradiation. Under light irradiation, the predominance diagram of Tc(IV) species obtained from Tc 2 OCl 10 4− aquation in a pH range from 0 to 1 is drawn. The chemical behaviour of Tc 2 OCl 10 4− and the influence of the light on the condensation of Tc(IV) and solubility of TcO 2 · x H 2 O are discussed.
Preoperative hepatic artery chemoembolization followed by orthotopic liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (1999)

In our experience, the primary obstacle precluding the widespread use of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for definitive therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even for early-stage disease, is preventing tumor recurrence. Chemoembolization is an attractive strategy to minimize tumor progression before OLT because of its shown antitumor effect, ability to be repeated, and minimal systemic toxicity. Thus, this pilot study was undertaken to determine the tolerability and treatment outcomes of pretransplantation chemoembolization of HCC followed by OLT. Between 1992 and 1997, 27 patients with HCC who had cirrhosis, no extrahepatic metastasis, less than three tumor nodules of less than 5 cm each, and no evidence of vascular invasion on preoperative imaging studies were enrolled onto the protocol. Chemoembolization was performed using Ivalon particles with mitomycin, doxorubicin, and cisplatin. Twenty-four patients completed the protocol with chemoembolization and a liver transplant. The mean United Network of Organ Sharing waiting time was 167 days. Chemoembolization was well tolerated. On examination of the explanted liver, the majority of patients had a single lesion, mean tumor size was 3.66 cm (range, 1.5 to 6 cm), and the majority of patients had stage II disease. None of the transplant recipients has developed recurrent HCC (mean follow-up, 29.2 months; range, 9 to 55 months). The 1- and 2-year disease-free survival rates are 91% and 84%, respectively. In conclusion, chemoembolization followed by OLT is well tolerated and associated with excellent outcomes in selected patients with HCC.
Antiphase boundaries, inversion, and ferroelastic domains in the striped-type superstructure of γ-brass Cu-Al alloys (1996)

Features of the striped-type superstructure in \ensuremath{\gamma}-brass Cu-Al alloys have been investigated mainly by transmission electron microscopy in order to understand the role of a rhombohedral distortion in its stability. From dark field images taken from alloys exhibiting the superstructure, it was found that there exist two types of ferroelastic rhombohedral domains, which are in a twin relation. In other words, the superstructure is characterized by a periodic array of the ferroelastic domains as well as inversion antiphase boundaries. Because charge density waves should be responsible for the formation of the superstructure, as suggested in our previous paper [Phys. Rev. B 40, 5378 (1989)], the rhombohedral distortion must play a crucial role in their appearance. Presumably the distortion enlarges parallel portions of the Fermi surface. On the basis of the present experimental data, the interplay between the striped-type superstructure and the rhombohedral \ensuremath{\gamma}-brass structure is also discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Abstract 4718: ERO1L, a novel prognostic marker of gastric cancer patient survival, mediates cancer cell invasion and chemoresistance (2014)

Abstract Gastric cancer is the second cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Even though within same stage, gastric cancer patients present diverse clinical manifestations and prognosis. Molecular markers will be important in predicting patients' outcomes and tailoring personalized treatments according to individual biology. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profile of human gastric cancer (published on CCR) to identify potential biomarkers. We found that TXN family genes and ERO1L were significantly overexpressed and related to prognosis. We evaluated ERO1L significantly overexpressed in gastric cancer and ERO1L was very highly expressed in hypoxic condition. The other study has identified ERO1L as included in the small group of eight genes predicting poor survival of patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma. We show that ERO1L is a prognostic marker for overall survival among patients with gastric cancer. To investigate the function of ERO1L gene in gastric cancer cell line (AGS and MKN1), we tested the effect of ERO1L expression on gastric cancer cells. To determine the biologic role of ERO1L in regulating cancer cell proliferation, stable transfection of shRNA and expression vector for ERO1L in gastric cancer cells. Our results showed that shERO1L decrease cell proliferation. Next, we tested whether or not the ERO1L gene is involved in progression to metastatic disease in gastric cancer, especially in tumorigenesis, including migration and invasion. In Functional studies, ERO1L silencing decrease gastric cancer cell migaration and invasion, whereas EROL expression significantly increase cell migration and invasiveness. We examined whether ERO1L plays a role in chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells. After silencing or overexpressing ERO1L, we carried out cell viability assays in gastric cancer cells with a panel of chemotherapy agents used to treat gastric cancer patients: a microtubule stabilizer (paclitaxel) and an antimetabilite (5-FU). Surprisingly, Silencing ERO1L expression led gastric cancer cells to become more sensitive to paclitaxel and 5-FU. In conclusion, our findings show that a prognostic molecular signature that can predict the poor progression of gastric cancer tumors. Furthermore, unequal distribution of expression patterns reflecting activation of ERO1L with different survival rates supports a personalized target therapy in gastric cancer with biomarker gene signature driven patient selection. Citation Format: So-Young Seol, Jae Yun Lim, Sun Och Yoon, Soon Won Hong, Jong Won Kim, Seung Ho Choi, Jae Yong Cho. ERO1L, a novel prognostic marker of gastric cancer patient survival, mediates cancer cell invasion and chemoresistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4718. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4718
Continuous Crystallization and Polymorph Dynamics in the l-Glutamic Acid System (2014)

Polymorph dynamics of l-glutamic acid were examined during continuous mixed suspension mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystallization as a function of residence time and temperature. Results indicate that it is possible to selectively produce metastable or stable polymorphs via a kinetically controlled crystallization in an MSMPR crystallizer by manipulating the crystallizer temperature and residence time. Additionally, on the basis of experimental and modeling studies, it was found that seeding is not necessarily sufficient to alter polymorphism at a given steady state, indicating that this traditional polymorph control strategy may not be applicable in MSMPR systems. The competition between nucleation and growth kinetics of the metastable α form and the stable β form is the major factor in determining the polymorphic outcome at particular steady state conditions. A metastable steady state with a population of the stable β polymorphic was experimentally obtained at 25 °C and 120 min residence time where a small perturbation from the α form could induce a change in the steady state polymorphism. This “polymorphic transformation”, unlike the traditional solvent-mediated transformation, is a result of the interplay of kinetic driving forces. In addition, our dynamic simulation suggests that long residence times (>17.4 h) are required to obtain a steady state of the stable β form when operating at temperatures of 25 °C. Our studies indicate one challenge for designing a MSMPR crystallization will be the interplay of growth and nucleation kinetics of the various forms at conditions which produce the desired yield and polymorph.
A temporarily stented, autologous pericardial aortic valve prosthesis. (2002)

This new bioprosthesis might offer a particularly attractive alternative for the young patient population of the developing world. The simplicity of construction, low cost, and absence of any need for anticoagulation makes this prosthesis close to the ideal aortic valve substitute.
Performance analysis of k-ary n-cubes with fully adaptive routing (2002)

Several analytical models of deterministic routing in wormhole-routed k-ary n-cubes have already been reported in the literature. The performance characteristics of most fully-adaptive routing algorithms have often been analyzed by means of simulation and there is hardly any analytical model proposed for calculating message latency in wormhole-routed k-ary n-cubes using adaptive routing. The paper proposes an accurate analytical model to predict the message latency in wormhole-routed k-ary n-cubes with fully adaptive routing. The proposed model is general in that it exhibits a good degree of accuracy for various network configurations and under different operating conditions.
Cost Reimbursement for USCG International Ice Patrol Activities. Cost and Operational Effectiveness Analysis for Selected International Ice Patrol Mission Alternatives. Annex D. (1995)

Abstract : This report is Interim Report Volume 4 for the Cost and Operational Effectiveness Analysis for Ice Patrol Mission Analysis Study. The report examines the cost reimbursement procedures for IIP. The Department of State manages the International Ice Patrol cost reimbursement program using proportionate cost shares for each government that has accepted the financing Agreement. Costs are charged to the home state of the vessels benefiting from the Ice Patrol Service. In 1992, the total United States Coast Guard cost of conducting the International Ice Patrol was $3,318,800. The United States share was $454,791. At present, a total of 19 governments that comprise about 53% of the total tonnage shipped through the Ice Patrol area are signatories to the financing Agreement. Although the payment record is somewhat mixed recent data (1985-1989) indicate that 90-95% of the billed costs should be recovered by the United States Treasury. Actual recovery has been less, depending on the year and political circumstances. The 19 signatory nations comprise about 53% of the total benefiting tonnage. Thirteen additional countries that are non-participating, with over 1,000,000 GRT of tonnage each, could significantly reduce the individual country cost shares if they would provide financial support for the International Ice Patrol. (AN)
Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer (2017)

Early-stage cancer detection could reduce breast cancer death rates significantly in the long-term. The most critical point for best prognosis is to identify early-stage cancer cells. Investigators have studied many breast diagnostic approaches, including mammography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, computerized tomography, positron emission tomography and biopsy. However, these techniques have some limitations such as being expensive, time consuming and not suitable for young women. Developing a high-sensitive and rapid early-stage breast cancer diagnostic method is urgent. In recent years, investigators have paid their attention in the development of biosensors to detect breast cancer using different biomarkers. Apart from biosensors and biomarkers, microwave imaging techniques have also been intensely studied as a promising diagnostic tool for rapid and cost-effective early-stage breast cancer detection. This paper aims to provide an overview on recent important achievements in breast screening methods (particularly on microwave imaging) and breast biomarkers along with biosensors for rapidly diagnosing breast cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Covalently Anchored Sulfonic Acid on Silica Gel as an Efficient and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines under Solvent‐Free Conditions. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Implications for man (2007)

A look at the exploration history of the important oil areas of the world proves conclusively that oil and gas seeps gave the first clues to most oil-producing regions. Many great oil fields are the direct result of seepage drilling.Link, 1952
Men and women differ in the neural basis of handwriting (2020)

There is an ongoing debate about whether, and to what extent, males differ from females in their language skills. In the case of handwriting, a composite language skill involving language and motor processes, behavioral observations consistently show robust sex differences but the mechanisms underlying the effect are unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a copying task, the present study examined the neural basis of sex differences in handwriting in 53 healthy adults (ages 19-28, 27 males). Compared to females, males showed increased activation in the left posterior middle frontal gyrus (Exner's area), a region thought to support the conversion between orthographic and graphomotor codes. Functional connectivity between Exner's area and the right cerebellum was greater in males than in females. Furthermore, sex differences in brain activity related to handwriting were independent of language material. This study identifies a novel neural signature of sex differences in a hallmark of human behavior, and highlights the importance of considering sex as a factor in scientific research and clinical applications involving handwriting.
Transport to Late Endosomes Is Required for Efficient Reovirus Infection (2012)

Rab GTPases play an essential role in vesicular transport by coordinating the movement of various types of cargo from one cellular compartment to another. Individual Rab GTPases are distributed to specific organelles and thus serve as markers for discrete types of endocytic vesicles. Mammalian reovirus binds to cell surface glycans and junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) and enters cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis in a process dependent on β1 integrin. Within organelles of the endocytic compartment, reovirus undergoes stepwise disassembly catalyzed by cathepsin proteases, which allows the disassembly intermediate to penetrate endosomal membranes and release the transcriptionally active viral core into the cytoplasm. The pathway used by reovirus to traverse the endocytic compartment is largely unknown. In this study, we found that reovirus particles traffic through early, late, and recycling endosomes during cell entry. After attachment to the cell surface, reovirus particles and JAM-A codistribute into each of these compartments. Transfection of cells with constitutively active and dominant-negative Rab GTPases that affect early and late endosome biogenesis and maturation influenced reovirus infectivity. In contrast, reovirus infectivity was not altered in cells expressing mutant Rab GTPases that affect recycling endosomes. Thus, reovirus virions localize to early, late, and recycling endosomes during entry into host cells, but only those that traverse early and late endosomes yield a productive infection.
A comparison of photodeposited RuOx foralkaline water electrolysis (2022)

The storage of renewable energy is a pressing challenge to overcome in the transition towards a power grid based on plentiful, yet intermittent energy supplies. The renewables-driven electrolysis ofwater to formhydrogen fuel is an attractive avenue, but requires better oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) catalysts to be feasible at scale. RuO2 is touted as one of the superior OER catalysts, but only under acidic conditions – RuO2 electrocatalysts suffer from poor stability under alkaline conditions. In this work, we evaluate three photodeposited RuO2 OER electrocatalysts, all prepared via a scalable photodeposition method. Based on electrochemical and spectroscopic studies (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy) our main findings are that nanocrystalline RuO2 catalysts outperform their amorphous counterpart, and are stable under alkaline (0.1 M KOH) conditions. This works thus lifts a major hurdle towards the use of RuO2 for alkaline water electrolysis.
Modelling of lossy curved surfaces in the 3-D frequency-domain finite-difference methods (2006)

A conformal first-order or Leontovic surface-impedance boundary condition (SIBC) for the modelling of fully three-dimensional (3-D) lossy curved surfaces in a Cartesian grid is presented for the frequency-domain finite-difference (FD) methods. The impedance boundary condition is applied to auxiliary tangential electric and magnetic field components defined at the curved surface. The auxiliary components are subsequently eliminated from the formulation resulting in a modification of the local permeability value at boundary cells, allowing the curved 3-D surface to be described in terms of Cartesian grid components. The proposed formulation can be applied to model skin-effect loss in time-harmonic driven problems. In addition, the impedance matrix can be used as a post-processor for the eigenmode solver to calculate the wall loss. The validity of the proposed model is evaluated by investigating the quality factors of cylindrical and spherical cavity resonators. The results are compared with analytic solutions and numerical reference data calculated with the commercial software package CST Microwave Studio™ (MWS). The convergence rate of the results is shown to be of second-order for smooth curved metal surfaces. The overall accuracy of the approach is comparable to that of CST MWS™. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineering THIOMABs for Site-Specific Conjugation of Thiol-Reactive Linkers (2013)

Antibody conjugates are used in many therapeutic and research applications and are generated by chemically linking a cysteine or lysine residue to potent chemotherapeutic drugs or other functional groups through a flexible linker. Recently, we have engineered THIOMABs (antibodies with engineered reactive cysteine residues) for site-specific conjugation and showed that these antibody conjugates display homogeneous labeling with optimal in vitro and in vivo characteristics. Here, we describe protocols for engineering, selection, and site-specific conjugation of THIOMABs with thiol-reactive linkers.
Breeding Has Increased the Diversity of Cultivated Tomato in The Netherlands (2019)

It is generally believed that domestication and breeding of plants has led to genetic erosion, including loss of nutritional value and resistances to diseases, especially in tomato. We studied the diversity dynamics of greenhouse tomato varieties in NW Europe, especially The Netherlands, over the last seven decades. According to the used SNP array, the genetic diversity was indeed very low during the 1960s, but is now eight times higher when compared to that dip. The pressure since the 1970s to apply less pesticides led to the introgression of many disease resistances from wild relatives, representing the first boost of genetic diversity. In Europe a second boost ensued, largely driven by German popular media who named poor tasting tomatoes <i>Wasserbomben</i> (water bombs). The subsequent collapse of Dutch tomato exports to Germany fueled breeding for fruit flavor, further increasing diversity since the 1990s. The increased diversity in composition of aroma volatiles observed starting from 1990s may reflect the efforts of breeders to improve fruit quality. Specific groups of aroma compounds showed different quantitative trend over the decades studied. Our study provides compelling evidence that breeding has increased the diversity of tomato varieties considerably since the 1970s.
Autonomous Boat Project (2017)

Background:&amp;nbsp; The MicroTransat challenge encourages teams to cross the Atlantic Ocean autonomously.Innovation &amp;amp; Design Diesel Electric Cogeneration Thermoelectric couplers High Efficiency, lower CO2 emissions Autonomous software Links between software and hardware. Sensors on engine give feedback to computer.&amp;nbsp;Faculty Adviser:&amp;nbsp; Professor David Reinkensmeyer
Understanding Enzyme Superfamilies (1997)

We have described four superfamilies of enzymes where the members within each catalyze different overall reactions using broadly varied substrates. Within each superfamily, the different overall reactions are facilitated by a common mechanistic strategy that can be rationalized in the context of the structural scaffold. Although space limitations prevent their discussion, a number of additional superfamilies have been described in which these principles appear to obtain. Analyses of the relationships between structure and function in all of these superfamilies suggest two general conclusions regarding the evolution of new catalytic activities.