gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perception-action coupling in the development of visual control of posture. (1997)

In this investigation of developmental changes in the coordination of perceived optical flow and postural responses, 4 age groups of infants (5-, 7-, 9-, and 13-month-olds) were tested while seated on a force plate in a "moving room." During each trial the walls oscillated in an anteroposterior direction for 12 s, and the postural sway of the infant was measured. The results revealed that infants perceived the frequency and amplitude of the optical flow and scaled their postural responses to the visual information. This scaling was present even before infants could sit without support, but it showed considerable improvement during the period when infants learn to sit. Taken together, these results suggest that the visuomotor coordination necessary for controlling sitting is functional prior to the onset of independent sitting but becomes more finely tuned with experience.
Ten Years of Bt Resistance Monitoring in the European Corn Borer: What We Know, What We Don't Know, and What We Can Do Better (2007)

The susceptibility of European corn borer (ECB) to the Bt toxins expressed by transgenic corn has been determined annually since 1995 for populations established from across the U.S. Corn Belt as part of a coordinated resistance monitoring program. Initial assessments were conducted before commercial release of transgenic corn to establish a baseline of susceptibility. From this initial baseline, diagnostic concentrations were designated. Annual assessments of susceptibility have been conducted using both diagnostic bioassays and complete dose response assessments. Although current bioassay-based techniques for resistance detection may be limited in sensitivity, ECB populations appear to remain susceptible to the Cry1Ab toxin which has been available to growers in transgenic hybrids since 1996. However, a population that exhibited higher rates of survival than expected in diagnostic bioassays triggered additional tests to confirm heritable resistance and on-plant survival. These tests indicated that although a relatively high level of resistance to Cry1Ab was present, the resistant insects did not survive on vegetative stage plants and more importantly, there was no indication of increased levels of resistance in subsequent years. One of the biggest limitations of current monitoring efforts has resulted from changes in the source of toxin available for bioassays. As a consequence, we have been developing quantitative techniques to measure toxin concentration and purity. Results indicate considerable variability in toxin potency and in accuracy of various quantitative techniques. Standardized methods to quantify Cry toxins are essential to data integrity and critical to future monitoring efforts.
Variation of fluorescence spectroscopy during the menstrual cycle (2002)

Cervical autofluorescence has been demonstrated to have potential for real-time diagnosis. Inter-patient and intra-patient variations in fluorescence intensity have been measured. Inter-patient measurements may vary by a factor of ten, while intra-patient measurements may vary by a factor of two. Age and menopausal status have been demonstrated to account for some of the variations, while race and smoking have not. In order to explore in detail the role of the menstrual cycle in intra-patient variation, a study was designed to measure fluorescence excitation emission matrices (EEMs) in patients daily throughout one cycle. Ten patients with a history of normal menstrual cycles and normal Papanicolaou smears underwent daily measurements of fluorescence EEMs from three colposcopically normal sites throughout one menstrual cycle. Changes in signals from porphyrin, NADH, and FAD fluorescence and blood absorption were noted when the data was viewed in a graphical format. Visually interpreted features of the EEMs in this graphical format did not appear to correlate with the day of the menstrual cycle with the exception that blood absorption features were more prominent during the menstrual phase (during which bleeding occurs), suggesting that measurements during the menstrual phase should be avoided. Variations in cycle date likely do not account for inter- or intra-patient variations.
Visible sequestration of Cu2+ions using amino-functionalized cotton fiber (2017)

In this study, an amino functionalized cotton fiber, which was used to adsorb Cu<sup>2+</sup>ions<italic>via</italic>visible sequestration, was prepared and investigated.
A4.1 - Spray-on Ferroelectrics for Fabrication of Custom Tailored Composite Transducers for NDE and SHM (2015)

Applications for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and structural health monitoring (SHM) in principle can be performed at various temperatures provided the transducer can reliably operate under those conditions. For are high temperature materials such as Lithium Niobate that can be used for NDE a coupling medium is required to aid in wave propagation between the transducer and system of interest. Traditional methods require either pressure contacts or a high temperature bonding medium, which can deteriorate over time. The sol-gel spray-on technology eliminates the need for this coupling medium and allows for an actuator that can be custom tailored to the specific application of interest. As nuclear reactors reach the end of their projected lifetime it is critical that the systems within the containment structure be continuously monitored. This spray-on technology allows for efficient on-line monitoring of a system at any operating temperature providing the proper transducer selection. The current objective is to develop a class of spray-on ferroelectrics that do not require a bonding medium and enable custom tailoring of composite transducers adapted for different combinations of efficiency and temperature. For example, if a high-temperature application is anticipated, the composition of the sol-gel can involve constituents that favor ultrasonic properties, while the powder could involve constituents that still function ultrasonically at high temperature. This paper presents details of the deposition method without requiring a bonding medium. It also shows results on the effects of varying the weight percent of the composite Lead Zirconate Titanate/ Bismuth titanate transducers on the Curie temperature and efficiency of the composite Piezoelectrics. Results for several composites are given with d 33 values ranging from 20 to 60 x10 -12 Coulomb/Newton along with temperature dependencies of the signal amplitude in pulse-echo experiments. These composite ferroelectrics are modeled using a micromechanics analysis code based on the generalized method of cells program. Composite, Spray-on, Ferroelectric, BiTi/PZT, High
Reaction of hydroxybenzyl alcohols under hydrothermal conditions (2006)

Under hydrothermal conditions, salicylic alcohol and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol were transformed into phenol in high or moderate yields, whereas m-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol proved to be stable and remained almost intact.
The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Diabetic Complications (2019)

The prevalence of diabetes has reached epidemic proportions and is placing a significant burden on healthcare systems globally. Diabetes has a detrimental impact on many organs in the human body, including accelerating the development of micro- and macrovascular complications. Current therapeutic options to treat diabetic complications have their limitations. Importantly, many slow but fail to reverse the progression of diabetic complications. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a highly conserved subgroup of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, signaling via serine/threonine kinase receptors, that have recently been implicated in glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in the setting of diabetes. Downstream of the receptors, the signal can be transduced via the canonical Smad-dependent pathway or the noncanonical Smad-independent pathways. BMPs are essential in organ development, tissue homeostasis, and, as expected, disease pathogenesis. In fact, deletion of BMPs can be embryonically lethal or result in severe organ abnormalities. This review outlines the BMP signaling pathway and its relevance to diabetic complications, namely, diabetic nephropathy, diabetes-associated cardiovascular diseases, and diabetic retinopathy. Understanding the complexities of BMP signaling and particularly its tissue-, cellular-, and time-dependent actions will help delineate the underlying pathogenesis of the disease and may ultimately be harnessed in the treatment of diabetes-induced complications. This would replicate progress made in numerous other diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis.
Multithreading to improve cycle width and CPI in superpipelined superscalar processors (2002)

This paper presents a multithreaded superpipelined superscalar processor design. It is expected to have a sustained rate of 5.4 instructions run per cycle, with 4 threads on chip. Multithreading serves to improve the superscalar CPI by interleaving threads executions. Operator sharing is used instead of out of order execution. It requires less hardware-no reservation stations, collision vectors or renamed registers-and should offer a greater parallelism potential. Arithmetic operators, including adders, shifters, a multiplier and a step divider, have been pipelined to reduce the processor cycle width to a 16 bits adder propagation delay. Separate and equal lengths data paths controlled by a completely RISC instruction set allow efficient in order issue and termination. Floating point operations are emulated with integer ones with data dependent algorithms providing as good latencies as for traditional hardware implementation. A single register file serves for both the integer and the floating point data.
Addition of Six-His-Tagged Peptide to the C Terminus of Adeno-Associated Virus VP3 Does Not Affect Viral Tropism or Production (2002)

Production of large quantities of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) is difficult and not cost-effective. To overcome this problem, we have explored the feasibility of creating a recombinant AAV encoding a 6xHis tag on the VP3 capsid protein. We generated a plasmid vector containing a six-His (6xHis)-tagged AAV VP3. A second plasmid vector was generated that contained the full-length AAV capsid capable of producing VP1 and VP2, but not VP3 due to a mutation at position 2809 that encodes the start codon for VP3. These plasmids, necessary for production of AAV, were transfected into 293 cells to generate a 6xHis-tagged VP3mutant recombinant AAV. The 6xHis-tagged VP3 did not affect the formation of AAV virus, and the physical properties of the 6xHis-modified AAV were equivalent to those of wild-type particles. The 6xHis-tagged AAV did not affect the production titer of recombinant AAV and could be used to purify the recombinant AAV using an Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid column. Addition of the 6xHis tag did not alter the viral tropism compared to wild-type AAV. These observations demonstrate the feasibility of producing high-titer AAV containing a 6xHis-tagged AAV VP3 capsid protein and to utilize the 6xHis-tagged VP3 capsid to achieve high-affinity purification of this recombinant AAV.
Transcription factors in eukaryotes (1997)

Transcription factors are central to the process of eukaryotic gene control. These proteins influence the basal level of gene expression in a cell and can modulate genetic programs by activating or repressing the transcription of particular genes in a cell-type specific or inducible manner. This book provides a state-of-the-art overview of the wide gamut of cellular and viral transcription factors, with emphasis on structure-function interrelations in the context of the nuclear environment, their modes of action in signal-dependent and tissue-specific gene regulation, and their involvement in various aspects of growth, differentiation and tumorigenesis/antioncogenesis.
Privileged Molecules for Protein Binding Identified from NMR-Based Screening (2000)

A statistical analysis of NMR-derived binding data on 11 protein targets was performed to identify molecular motifs that are preferred for protein binding. The analysis indicates that compounds which contain a biphenyl substructure preferentially bind to a wide range of proteins and that high levels of specificity (>250-fold) can be achieved even for these small molecules. These results suggest that high-throughput screening libraries that are enriched with biphenyl-containing compounds can be expected to have increased chances of yielding high-affinity ligands for proteins, and they suggest that the biphenyl can be utilized as a template for the discovery and design of therapeutics with high affinity and specificity for a broad range of protein targets.
[Emphasizing the prevention and anti-inflammation research of dry eye disease]. (2013)

Dry eye disease is a common ocular surface disorder among ophthalmological conditions. Treatment generally focuses on tear supplement by topical artificial tears but less focus on the immunological changes in the pathogenesis of the dry eye. As our understanding of the pathology of the disease improves, new definitions are being developed. It turns out that inflammation, and dry eye accompanied relationship can not be ignored. Topical corticosteroid therapy for dry eye should be more cautioned and topical use of Cyclosporin A (CsA) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) require more attention. In order to standardize management strategies for dry eye, multi-center studies for the link between inflammation and dry eye are needed, and epidemiological survey should be performed.
Hybrid modeling of relativistic underdense plasma photocathode injectors (2013)

The dynamics of laser ionization-based electron injection in the recently introduced plasma photocathode concept is analyzed analytically and with particle-in-cell simulations. The influence of the initial few-cycle laser pulse that liberates electrons through background gas ionization in a plasma wakefield accelerator on the final electron phase space is described through the use of Ammosov-Deloine-Krainov theory as well as nonadiabatic Yudin-Ivanov (YI) ionization theory and subsequent downstream dynamics in the combined laser and plasma wave fields. The photoelectrons are tracked by solving their relativistic equations of motion. They experience the analytically described transient laser field and the simulation-derived plasma wakefields. It is shown that the minimum normalized emittance of fs-scale electron bunches released in mulit-$\mathrm{GV}/\mathrm{m}$-scale plasma wakefields is of the order of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mm}\text{ }\mathrm{mrad}$. Such unprecedented values, combined with the dramatically increased controllability of electron bunch production, pave the way for highly compact yet ultrahigh quality plasma-based electron accelerators and light source applications.
Systems Epidemiology in Cancer (2008)

Prospective studies in cancer epidemiology have conserved their study design over the last decades. In this context, current epidemiologic studies investigating gene-environment interactions are based on biobank for the analysis of genetic variation and biomarkers, using notified cancer as outcome. These studies result from the use of high-throughput technologies rather than from the development of novel design strategies. In this article, we propose the globolomic design to run integrated analyses of cancer risk covering the major -omics in blood and tumor tissue. We defined this design as an extension of the existing prospective design by collecting tissue and blood samples at time of diagnosis, including biological material suitable for transcriptome analysis. The globolomic design opens up for several new analytic strategies and, where gene expression profiles could be used to verify mechanistic information from experimental biology, adds a new dimension to causality in epidemiology. This could improve, for example, the interpretation of risk estimates related to single nucleotide polymorphisms in gene-environment studies by changing the criterion of biological plausibility from a subjective discussion of in vitro information to observational data of human in vivo gene expression. This ambitious design should consider the complexity of the multistage carcinogenic process, the latency time, and the changing lifestyle of the cohort members. This design could open the new research discipline of systems epidemiology, defined in this article as a counterpart to systems biology. Systems epidemiology with a focus on gene functions challenges the current concept of biobanking, which focuses mainly on DNA analyses.
NH3‐Driven Benzene C−H Activation with O2 that Opens a New Way for Selective Phenol Synthesis (2019)

Catalytic benzene C-H activation toward selective phenol synthesis with O<sub>2</sub> remains a stimulating challenge to be tackled. Phenol is currently produced industrially by the three-steps cumene process in liquid phase, which is energy-intensive and not environmentally friendly. Hence, there is a strong demand for an alternative gas-phase single-path reaction process. This account documents the pivotal confined single metal ion site platform with a sufficiently large coordination sphere in β zeolite pores, which promotes the unprecedented catalysis for the selective benzene hydroxylation with O<sub>2</sub> under coexisting NH<sub>3</sub> by the new inter-ligand concerted mechanism. Among alkali and alkaline-earth metal ions and transition and precious metal ions, single Cs<sup>+</sup> and Rb<sup>+</sup> sites with ion diameters >0.300 nm in the β pores exhibited good performances for the direct phenol synthesis in a gas-phase single-path reaction process. The single Cs<sup>+</sup> and Rb<sup>+</sup> sites that possess neither significant Lewis acidic-basic property nor redox property, cannot activate benzene, O<sub>2</sub> , and NH<sub>3</sub> , respectively, whereas when they coadsorbed together, the reaction of the inter-coadsorbates on the single alkali-metal ion site proceeds concertedly (the inter-ligand concerted mechanism), bringing about the benzene C-H activation toward phenol synthesis. The NH<sub>3</sub> -driven benzene C-H activation with O<sub>2</sub> was compared to the switchover of the reaction pathways from the deep oxidation to selective oxidation of benzene by coexisting NH<sub>3</sub> on Pt<sub>6</sub> metallic cluster/β and Ni<sub>4</sub> O<sub>4</sub> oxide cluster/β. The NH<sub>3</sub> -driven selective oxidation mechanism observed with the Cs<sup>+</sup> /β and Rb<sup>+</sup> /β differs from the traditional redox catalysis (Mars-van Krevelen) mechanism, simple Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, and acid-base catalysis mechanism involving clearly defined interaction modes. The present catalysis concept opens a new way for catalytic selective oxidation processes involving direct phenol synthesis.
Information Quality (2007)

Commercial database management systems (DBMS) have come a long way with respect to efficiency and more recently, with respect to quality and user friendliness. Not only do they provide an efficient means to store large amounts of data and intuitive query languages to access the data; popular DBMS also provide a whole suite of tools to assess, store, manage, clean, and retrieve data in a user-friendly way. Some of these feature address database experts, others are targeted at end-users with little or even no database knowledge. The recent developments in the field of autonomic computing drive the ease-of-use even further. In this report we study how well a typical DBMS meets the goal of providing a high-quality data storage and retrieval facility. To this end, we draw on an established set of information quality criteria and assess how well an exemplary DBMS fares. While quality criteria are usually defined for a set of data, we extend, wherever possible, the definitions to the systems that manage this data
Randomised trial of a vibrating bladder stimulator - the time to pee study (2008)

This randomised, non-blinded study evaluated a vibrating bladder stimulator to facilitate collection of a urine sample from pre-continent children. The use of a bladder stimulator produced no significant time improvements in any of the analysed parameters (n = 97). We identify a population of patients who may benefit from some form of bladder stimulation.
Challenges in Firmware Re-Hosting, Emulation, and Analysis (2021)

System emulation and firmware re-hosting have become popular techniques to answer various security and performance related questions, such as determining whether a firmware contain security vulnerabilities or meet timing requirements when run on a specific hardware platform. While this motivation for emulation and binary analysis has previously been explored and reported, starting to either work or research in the field is difficult. To this end, we provide a comprehensive guide for the practitioner or system emulation researcher. We layout common challenges faced during firmware re-hosting, explaining successive steps and surveying common tools used to overcome these challenges. We provide classification techniques on five different axes, including emulator methods, system type, fidelity, emulator purpose, and control. These classifications and comparison criteria enable the practitioner to determine the appropriate tool for emulation. We use our classifications to categorize popular works in the field and present 28 common challenges faced when creating, emulating, and analyzing a system from obtaining firmwares to post emulation analysis.
Fault analysis and automatic test pattern generation for break faults in programmable logic arrays (1996)

The conventional fault models of PLAs are crosspoint, stuck-at and bridging fault models. Many techniques for PLA testing based on these fault models have been proposed in the past. However, these techniques cannot be applied to the break fault model due to the memory behaviour. Unfortunately, it has been shown that break faults occur frequently. Thus, considering a break fault model is important to enhance the quality of PLA testing. The behaviour of break faults in PLAs is analysed in detail and a complete PLA break fault ATPG system, PLABEK, is proposed. PLABEK contains four main parts: break fault collapsing; pruning algorithm based test pair generation; serial-fault-injection parallel-bit-operation event-driven break fault simulation; and testability-measure-based fault ordering. Experimental results show that PLABEK can generate very compact complete test sequences for break faults of PLAs very fast.
A portable light‐weight climbing robot for personal assistance applications (2006)

Purpose Human care and service demands will need innovative robotic solutions to make the day‐to‐day life of elderly and disabled people in home and workplace environments easier. The main objective of this work is to develop a new concept of climbing robot for this type of service applications. Design/methodology/approach ASIBOT is a 5 DOF self‐containing manipulator that includes the entire control system on‐board. The main advantage of this robot is its light weight, about 11 kg with 1.3 m reach. The robot is totally autonomous and only needs a power supply to be operated. Findings The robot is an arm able to move between different points (Docking stations (DS)) of the rooms and, if necessary, “jump” to (or from) the environment to the wheelchair. In this way the ASIBOT robot could become a home companion and assistance for numerous people. Originality/value ASIBOT is a 5 DOF self‐containing light weight manipulator that includes the entire control system on‐board.
A Newly Developed mm-Wave Sensor for Detecting Plaques of Arterial Vessels (2017)

Completed with a catheter, the sensor based on microwave technology appears as a robust tool ready for further clinical use.