gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FLORA OF HEALTHY DOGS. 3. INCIDENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SPIROCHETES IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF DOGS. LF-19. (1964)

The spirochetes found in the feces of dogs were divided into three categories based on morphology.These were: borrelias, treponemes, and fairly large double-contoured organisms.Some variation was ob served within each group.Classification or further subdivision was not attempted because definitive characteristics necessary for such a purpose were not available.The live organisms could be readily dem onstrated when a wet preparation was viewed in phase contrast illumi nation under 400 X magnification.Of 54 dogs examined, nearly 80% had more than one type of spirochete in their feces.In addition, 16.7% carried a single type.Only 3.7% of dogs were found to be free of spirochetes.All three types of organisms were encountered in almost the same percentage of animals, although in some animals the borrelias were present in greater numbers than the remaining two types.It appears that the mere presence of these organisms in the feces cannot be interpreted as a sign of illness.However, when found in large numbers, they may be related to disease.As demonstrated by repeated examinations of 1Z dogs, the number of spirochetes in the feces can fluctuate from day to day.Therefore, in order to establish whether a dog carries any of these organisms, multiple samplings are necessary.The examination of the entire digestive tracts of three dogs revealed that some spirochetes can be found in the oral cavity and in the stomach, but by far the greatest accumulation of all three types was confinedto cecum, colon, and rectum.It is not known whether their localization in the lower part of the digestive tract can be accounted for by the physi ology of the gut, the dependency of these organisms on the intestinal flora, or other factors.
The Rat Genome Database 2015: genomic, phenotypic and environmental variations and disease (2014)

The Rat Genome Database (RGD, http://rgd.mcw.edu) provides the most comprehensive data repository and informatics platform related to the laboratory rat, one of the most important model organisms for disease studies. RGD maintains and updates datasets for genomic elements such as genes, transcripts and increasingly in recent years, sequence variations, as well as map positions for multiple assemblies and sequence information. Functional annotations for genomic elements are curated from published literature, submitted by researchers and integrated from other public resources. Complementing the genomic data catalogs are those associated with phenotypes and disease, including strains, QTL and experimental phenotype measurements across hundreds of strains. Data are submitted by researchers, acquired through bulk data pipelines or curated from published literature. Innovative software tools provide users with an integrated platform to query, mine, display and analyze valuable genomic and phenomic datasets for discovery and enhancement of their own research. This update highlights recent developments that reflect an increasing focus on: (i) genomic variation, (ii) phenotypes and diseases, (iii) data related to the environment and experimental conditions and (iv) datasets and software tools that allow the user to explore and analyze the interactions among these and their impact on disease.
The Effects of a Novel MEK Inhibitor PD184161 on MEK-ERK Signaling and Growth in Human Liver Cancer (2006)

The MEK-ERK growth signaling pathway is important in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To evaluate the targeting of this pathway in HCC, we characterized a novel, orally-active MEK inhibitor, PD184161, using human HCC cells (HepG2, Hep3B, PLC, and SKHep) and in vivo human tumor xenografts. PD184161 inhibited MEK activity (IC50 = 10-100 nM) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner more effectively than PD098059 or U0126. PD184161 inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis at concentrations of > or = 1.0 microM in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In vivo, tumor xenograft P-ERK levels were significantly reduced 3 to 12 hours after an oral dose of PD184161 (P < .05). Contrarily, tumor xenograft P-ERK levels following long-term (24 days) daily dosing of PD184161 were refractory to this signaling effect. PD184161 significantly suppressed tumor engraftment and initial growth (P < .0001); however, established tumors were not significantly affected. In conclusion, PD184161 has antitumor effects in HCC in vitro and in vivo that appear to correlate with suppression of MEK activity. These studies demonstrate that PD184161 is unable to suppress MEK activity in HCC xenografts in the long term. Thus, we speculate that the degree of success of MEK targeted treatment in HCC and other cancers may, in part, depend on the discovery of mechanisms governing MEK inhibitor signaling resistance.
Trauma Exposure and Stress Response: Exploration of Mechanisms of Cause and Effect (2007)

People differ markedly in their risk for developing posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) after exposure to traumatic events. Twin studies suggest that the trauma-PTSS relationship is moderated by genetic and environmental influences. The present study tested for specific types of genetic and environmental interaction effects on PTSS. A sample of 222 monozygotic and 184 dizygotic twin pairs reported on lifetime frequency of assaultive and nonassaultive trauma and associated PTSS. Biometric analyses indicated that in the case of nonassaultive trauma, PTSS were directly affected by environmental factors that also influence exposure to nonassaultive trauma. For assaultive trauma both genetic and non-shared environmental influences jointly affected PTSS, and the number of traumatic events moderated the severity of PTSS. Genetic factors were found to become less important beyond some threshold (e.g., 3 or 4 types of serious trauma) suggesting that genetic factors - which may confer either risk or resilience to PTSS - modify these symptoms within a range of human experience, beyond which environmental effects supervene.
Glucose Concentration in Subcutaneous Extracellular Space (1993)

The close agreement between the mean values of subcutaneous glucose concentrations, obtained with three independent methods--filtration, equilibration, and dialysis (sensor)--shows the real glucose concentration in subcutaneous interstitial fluid is approximately 50% the blood glucose value in normal humans. Our results clarify some of the conflicting evidence presented in previous studies.
Blind Bluetooth interference detection and suppression for OFDM transmission in the ISM band (2004)

The performance of an OFDM-based transmission system according to IEEE 802.11g can severely suffer from interfering Bluetooth packets. Therefore, we propose two new approaches for narrow-band interference suppression as countermeasure. At first, the presence and frequency position of interference is blindly estimated by evaluating either the magnitude variance of the received symbols or the noise power on each subchannel. For that purpose, we present one algorithm based on differentiation in frequency direction, and another one making use of the median filter. After detection, an interference suppression by modifying the softbit magnitudes at the input of the channel decoder leads to a significant improvement of the system performance, as we will show by simulations.
Analysis of Brain and Muscle Activity in Maintaining Postural Balance According to the Ground Conditions (2020)

본 논문은 다양한 지면 환경에 따른 자세 균형 동작 유지 시 뇌와 근력 활성도를 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 자세 균형 유지를 위한 지면 환경은 안정적인 상태(stable condition), 불안정한 상태(unstable condition) 및 동적인 상태(fynamic condition)의 세 가지로 구성하였다. 자세 균형 유지와 관련된 생체신호 변화를 알아보기 위하여, 대뇌 피질의 뇌파 활동과 체간 및 하지의 근육 활성도를 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 3차원 동적 상태는 골반 고정으로 인한 편안함 때문에 눈을 뜬 상태에서 알파파가 크게 활성화되는 경향으로 분석되었다. 반면에, 자세 균형 제어에 관여하는 감마파는 균형 유지를 위한 자세 전략을 가장 많이 활용하는 불안정 상태에서 가장 높게 분석되었다. 지면 조건의 변화에 따른 체간 근육 분석 결과, 안정 상태는 중심 근육인 복직근, 불안정 상태는 바깥쪽 근육인 외복사근과 척추기립근을 상대적으로 더 사용하는 경향으로 분석되었다. 하지 근육은 불안정 지면 조건에서 발목의 배측굴곡을 이용한 자세 제어 전략 때문에 전경골근이 크게 활성화되었다. 향후, 동적 자세 균형 유지를 위한 지면 조건 및 시각 유무에 따른 뇌파 및 근육 분석 결과는 고령자 및 장애인의 자세 균형 유지 전략을 위한 재활훈련 프로토콜에 활용될 예정이다.
Presence or absence of a nonlinear effect according to the asymmetric catalyst preparation in the alkylation of benzaldehyde (2002)

The addition of Et 2 Zn on benzaldehyde in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of Ti(O i -Pr) 4 catalysed by (1 R ,2 R )-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonamido)-cyclohexane 1a has been revisited. A nonlinear effect was present or absent, depending on the catalyst preparation. An asymmetric amplification has been observed when Ti(O i -Pr) 4 was added to 1a followed by Et 2 Zn and then benzaldehyde (Ohno procedure). In the alternate procedure (Walsh), where Et 2 Zn and 1a were premixed, there is linearity. Mechanistic implications are discussed.
New generation CMP equipment and its Impact on IC devices (2002)

This paper will receive and report advancements in new generation CMP equipment (MIRRA(R)) development for different CMP applications in IC fabrication: SOI, silicon/polysilicon, shallow trench isolation (STI), oxide (PMD and ILD), W, Cu, Al. The impact of new generation CMP equipment on IC device fabrication and its performance is also discussed.
A High Efficiency Multi-Mode Outphasing RF Power Amplifier With 31.6 dBm Peak Output Power in 45nm CMOS (2020)

A high efficiency multi-mode class-E outphasing RF power amplifier (PA) with a passive combining circuit is presented. The multi-mode PA combines multiple class-E amplifier branches and can work in different configurations. The PA improves efficiency at lower power levels by switching `on' and `off' individual branches in a static or dynamic manner and using Efficiency Enhancement Circuit (EEC). The proposed power amplifier is designed in 45nm CMOS technology. The PA delivers 31.6 dBm peak output power at 2.4 GHz with 49.2% drain efficiency in high power single level mode. With 64-QAM long-term evolution (LTE) signal with 10 MHz and 20 MHz bandwidth, -57 dBc and -53 dBc adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) are obtained in single level outphasing (SLO) mode after digital pre-distortion (DPD). 25% and 33% average drain efficiency are achieved with LTE signal with 6 dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in single level outphasing and asymmetric multilevel outphasing (AMO) mode, respectively. The PA satisfies the spectral mask requirement of 802.11g WLAN signal with high margin. Error vector magnitude (EVM) of 1.1% (-39.36 dB) is obtained from the PA in single level outphasing high power mode after DPD with 64-QAM LTE signal with 10 MHz bandwidth.
Energy efficient spiking neural network neuromorphic processing to enable decentralised service workflow composition in support of multi-domain operations (2022)

Future Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) will require the coordination of hundreds—even thousands—of devices and component services. This will demand the capability to rapidly discover the distributed devices/services and combine them into different workflow configurations, thereby creating the applications necessary to support changing mission needs. Motivated by neuromorphic processing models, in previous work it was shown that this can be achieved by using hyperdimensional symbolic semantic vector representations of the services/devices and workflows. Using a process of vector exchange the required services are dynamically discovered and inter-connected to achieve the required tasks. In network edge environments, the capability to perform these tasks with minimum energy consumption is critical. This paper describes how emerging spiking neural network (SNN) neuromorphic processing devices can be used to perform the required hyperdimensional vector computation (HDC) with significant energy savings compared to what can be achieved using traditional CMOS implementations.
Ultra-Hard Nanostructured Al-Si Thin Films (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
The significance of vein wall thickness and diameter in relation to the patency of femoropopliteal saphenous vein bypass grafts. (1980)

Two hundred and twenty-five reversed saphenous vein femoropopliteal bypass graft procedures were performed on 186 patients with occlusive vascular disease. These grafts were followed for a mean of 19 months, with the longest period being 64 months. Numerous factors ascertained before, during, and after operation were analyzed using a life-table technique to see how these factors correlated with graft patency. The internal diameter and wall thickness of the vein grafts appeared to significantly influence graft patency. The best results were obtained using veins with a large internal diameter and a thin wall. In contrast, none of the other factors studied (which included age, sex, blood pressure, height, weight, indication for surgery, diabetic state, serum lipids, angiographic data, the site of the upper and lower anastomoses, the use of spliced vein segments, the type of vein preparation and the consumption of cigarettes before operation) were useful predictors of graft patency. It is suggested that vein diameter and vein wall thickness should be taken into consideration when analyzing the results of saphenous vein femoropopliteal bypass graft procedures, and also that the assessment of these factors may influence the choice of graft material for a femoropopliteal bypass graft.
Successful Endovascular Embolisation of an Unusual Giant Pseudoaneurysm of the Middle Colic Artery (2022)

Visceral artery pseudoaneurysms (VAPAs) are extremely rare and pseudoaneurysms in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and its branches, particularly the middle colic artery, are the rarest. These account for 6–8% of all VAPAs with an incidence of 0.01%. They can be associated with an inflammatory disease (such as pancreatitis), infection or arise as a post-surgical complication, but they can also be due to a traumatic damage to the artery caused by a full-thickness slit in the arterial wall. They can be asymptomatic or manifest with symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, local pressure symptoms (such as a pulsatile mass or a bruit) and gastrointestinal bleeding. Imaging techniques play a key role in the diagnosis of VAPAs and angiography still represents the gold standard, although nowadays it has a pivotal role for treatment with the possibility to perform an endovascular embolisation. In fact, although rare, VAPAs are of clinical importance mainly because they can cause life-threatening intra-abdominal or retroperitoneal haemorrhage and so prompt treatments are crucial, whether they are symptomatic, haemorrhagic or incidentally found. In the past, surgery was the treatment of choice, but in recent years with the improvement and development of interventional vascular techniques, surgery has been replaced by transcatheter endovascular embolisation due to its low morbidity and mortality and high success rate. In this article, we report the case of an unusual giant spontaneous pseudoaneurysm of the middle colic artery in a patient with a scoliotic abdominal aortic aneurysm successfully treated by endovascular embolisation.
Full-Wave Verification of an Electromagnetic Inversion Metasurface Design Method (2020)

&lt;pre&gt;This paper summarizes, extends, and synthetically evaluates a method for metasurface design which uses electromagnetic inversion. After the inversion algorithm determines a homogenized surface susceptibility model to implement a desired power pattern, the susceptibility distribution is converted to a three-layer admittance sheet topology. Lastly, full-wave commercial software is used to simulate and verify the performance of a metasurface designed and implemented using the proposed procedure.&lt;/pre&gt;
Solanum‐Alkaloide, XLIV über Tomatid‐5‐en‐3ß‐ol aus Solanum dulcamara L. und dessen Abbau zu 3ß‐Acetoxy‐pregna‐5.16‐dien‐20‐on (1965)

Abstract Aus dem Kraut des Bittersüßen Nachtschattens, Solanum dulcamara L., wurde ein Gemisch von Alkaloidglykosiden isoliert, das bei mineralsaurer Hydrolyse Tomatid‐5‐en‐3ß‐ol (I), sein Dehydratisierungsprodukt Tomatida‐3.5‐dien (IV) sowie geringe Mengen des Steroidsapogenins Yamogenin lieferte. Die Struktur von I wurde u. a. durch katalytische Hydrierung zu Tomatidin (VI) sowie durch Abbau von O.N ‐Diacetyl‐tomatidenol (III) zu 3ß‐Acetoxy‐pregna‐5.16‐dien‐20‐on (X) bewiesen.
Key and Sequence Number Extensions to GRE (2000)

GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) specifies a protocol for encapsulation of an arbitrary protocol over another arbitrary network layer protocol. This document describes extensions by which two fields, Key and Sequence Number, can be optionally carried in the GRE Header
Role of Decomposition Product Ions in Hysteretic Behavior of Metal Halide Perovskite (2021)

Ion migration is one of the most debated mechanisms and credited with multiple observed phenomena and performance in metal halide perovskites (MHPs) semiconductor devices. However, to date, the migration of ions and their effects on MHPs are not still fully understood, largely due to a lack of direct observations of temporal ion migration. In this work, using direct observation of ion migration <i>in-operando</i>, we observe the hysteretic migration behavior of intrinsic ions (<i>i.e.</i>, CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> and I<sup>-</sup>) as well as reveal the migration behavior of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> decomposition ions. We find that CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> decomposition products can be affected by light and accumulate at the interfaces under bias. These MHP decomposition products are tightly related to the device performance and stability. Complementary results of time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy (tr-KPFM) demonstrate a correlation between dynamics of these interfacial ions and charge carriers. Overall, we find that there are a number of mobile ions including CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> decomposition products in MHPs that need to be taken into account when measuring MHP device responses (<i>e.g.</i>, charge dynamics) and should be considered in future optimization studies of MHP semiconductor devices.
Nanoscale resolution in infrared imaging of protein-containing lipid membranes (2015)

The precise imaging of biomolecular entities contributes to an understanding of the relationship between their structure and function. However, the resolution of conventional infrared microscopic imaging is diffraction limited and does not exceed a few micrometres. Atomic force microscopy, on the other hand, can detect infrared absorption down to the sub-micrometer level. In the present report, we demonstrate that for multi-bilayer lipid samples containing the plant photosynthetic pigment-protein complex LHCII, the resolution of this latter technique can be better than 20 nm. Such a high resolution is attributable to two factors: (i) the relatively high infrared absorption by the complex that is integrated perpendicular to the plane of the multilayer film, and (ii) the distinctly different mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the lipid and protein components of the sample.
The Effect of Ageing on the Standing Up Movement Analysed using the Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation (CaReMoOC) Framework (2020)

In healthy ageing, capacity declines in the neural, muscular, and skeletal systems, and each system decline has its effect on the execution of complex motor tasks. This decline in capacity can result in the inability to stand up (sit-to-stand, sit-to-walk), which is a key movement for independence. The mechanisms leading to mobility limitations or inabilities are complex, overlapping, and interdependent and the complementary fields of biomechanics, motor control, and physiology need to be combined to understand these mechanisms. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of age-related compensation in standing up and to consider the limitations of these results when analysing standing up in daily life using the Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation (CaReMoOC) framework that combines biomechanics, motor control, and physiology. A literature search was performed in the search engine Scopus, using the keywords and their synonyms: strateg*(approach, technique, way) AND, sit-to-walk OR sit-to-stand OR rise (raise, arise, stand, stand-up) AND chair (seat). Inclusion criteria were: biomechanics or motor control on sit-to-stand or sit-to-walk in healthy and/or frail adults (&amp;lt;60y) and elderly (&amp;gt;60y), and/or osteoarthritis patients as a specific case of ageing related decline. The review shows that movement compensations in standing up manifest as changes in planned trajectory (Compensation by Selection) and in muscle recruitment (Compensation by Reorganisation). However, as most studies in the literature typically use standardized experimental protocols where movement compensation is restricted, these studies cannot be directly translated to functional tasks, such as the mobility of the elderly in their homes, communities, and clinic. Compensation must be included in future studies in order to facilitate clinical translation. Specifically, future studies in the standing up task should 1) determine the effect of varying arm use strategies (e.g., armrests, knees, chair, cane) on trunk and both lower limb and upper limb joint loading, 2) analyse control strategies in elderly people, 3) determine the biomechanical implications of asymmetry, and 4) incorporate assessments of age-related physical and neural decline as well as changes in psychological priorities.
DAVANAT® and Colon Cancer: Preclinical and Clinical (Phase I) Studies (2006)

Introduction DAVANAT® is being developed to enhance the efficacy of anti-neoplastic drugs by targeting specific receptors, possibly, but not necessarily, galectins, present on cancer cells. Since DAVANAT® consists of a polymeric mannose backbone carrying galactose side chains, and therefore allegedly capable to interact with some galectins, that is receptors specific for galactose residues (both β- and α-galactose, as it was recently shown), the initial idea was to use DAVANAT® as a kind of a chaperon along with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to facilitate its delivery into the cancer cell. A choice of 5-FU as a chemotherapy drug in a combination with DAVANAT® was based on a fact that or over 40 years 5-FU has been the standard first-line agent in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Preliminary animal studies with a variety of soluble galactomannan oligomers from various plant sources have shown promising response to the combination therapy of 5-FU