gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STAT3 and STAT5A are potential therapeutic targets in castration-resistant prostate cancer (2017)

Mechanisms of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are not well understood, thus hindering rational-based drug design. Activation of STAT3/5A, key components of the JAK/STAT pathway, is implicated in aggressive PC, yet their clinical relevance in CRPC remains elusive. Here, we evaluated the possible role of STAT3/5A in CRPC using immunological, quantitative mRNA expression profiling, and pharmacological methods. We observed a strong nuclear immunoreactivity for STAT3 and STAT5A in 93% (n=14/15) and 80% (n=12/15) of CRPC cases, respectively, compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We demonstrated that PC cells express varying levels of STAT3 and STAT5A transcripts. In addition, we demonstrate that pimozide, a psychotropic drug and an indirect inhibitor of STAT5, attenuated PC cells growth, and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, our analysis of the PC public data revealed that the STAT3/5A genes were frequently amplified in metastatic CRPC. These findings suggest that STAT3/5A potentially serves as a predictive biomarker to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a cancer drug targeting the JAK/STAT pathway. Since the JAK/STAT and AR pathways are suggested to be functionally synergistic, inhibition of the JAK/STAT signaling alone or together with AR may lead to a novel treatment modality for patients with advanced PC.
Dual constant composition kinetics characterization of apatitic surfaces (1994)

The use of calcium phosphate phases as implant materials in forms such as ceramic hydroxyapatite (CHAP) and hydroxyapatite plasma-coated implants (HPCTI) as well as the synthetic phases is now quite well established. Although conventional physical chemical characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction may indicate the exclusive presence of hydroxyapatite (HAP), there is little doubt that other calcium-containing surface impurities play important roles in the initial reactions that take place when such materials are brought into contact with aqueous phases. These surface impurities usually dissolve rapidly with the release of excess calcium and hydroxide ions. Based on the constant composition (CC) method, the dual constant composition (DCC) approach has been developed for investigating the dissolution kinetics behavior of these apatitic materials in an attempt to characterize and modify the surfaces, and possibly to predict their behavior when placed in vivo. The results of this study confirm the presence of highly reactive heterogeneous calcium-containing phases on the surface of materials such as CHAP and HPCTI, as evidenced by the release of appreciable amounts of calcium and hydroxyl ions upon introduction of these surfaces in saline solutions. Furthermore, these calcium phosphate phases exhibited a unique dissolution behavior when compared with synthetically prepared phases such as HAP and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP), as suggested by the observation that they dissolve in solutions supersaturated with respect to HAP.
The knowledge graph as the default data model for learning on heterogeneous knowledge (2017)

In modern machine learning, raw data is the preferred input for our models. Where a decade ago data scientists were still engineering features, manually picking out the details we thought salient, they now prefer the data in their raw form. As long as we can assume that all relevant and irrelevant information is present in the input data, we can design deep models that build up intermediate representations to sift out relevant features. However, these models are often domain specific and tailored to the task at hand, and therefore unsuited for learning on heterogeneous knowledge: information of different types and from different domains. If we can develop methods that operate on this form of knowledge, we can dispense with a great deal more ad-hoc feature engineering and train deep models end-to-end in many more domains. To accomplish this, we first need a data model capable of expressing heterogeneous knowledge naturally in various domains, in as usable a form as possible, and satisfying as many use cases as possible. In this position paper, we argue that the knowledge graph is a suitable candidate for this data model. We further describe current research and discuss some of the promises and challenges of this approach.
Surfactant and inhaled particles in the conducting airways: Structural, stereological, and biophysical aspects (1993)

We have investigated the displacement into the sol phase of inhaled particles deposited in the intrapulmonary conducting airways. Hamsters inhaled an aerosol of monodisperse polystyrene particles of 6 microns diameter. Their lungs were fixed by intravascular perfusion, and light and electron microscopy was used to study the epithelial coating. The surfactant film at the wall-air interface was investigated by measuring its surface tension. The number of particles retained was determined stereologically. In addition we investigated the displacement of spherical particles in vitro on a DPPC monolayer in a Langmuir-Wilhelmy surface balance and determined the surface tension in vivo in the horse trachea by video bronchoscopy, applying the droplet spreading method. We found that particles deposited onto a surfactant film were pulled into the aqueous subphase, and we concluded that surface forces due to the airway surfactant likely displace deposited particles into the periciliary fluid (sol phase). Comparing lungs fixed immediately after inhalation with lungs fixed 24 hr after inhalation revealed that 86% of the particles retained in the intrapulmonary conducting airways immediately after inhalation had been cleared within 24 hr. One-third of the particles of the lungs fixed immediately after inhalation was phagocytized. The combination of structural and stereological analyses with in vitro and in vivo measurements has led to new insights into the role of airway surfactant with respect to the fate of inhaled particles, which may have important consequences regarding the effects of hazardous particles. These studies may also help to evaluate the deposition pattern and clearance of therapeutic particles, with important implications for their therapeutic use.
Super‐Monte Carlo: A 3‐D electron beam dose calculation algorithm (1996)

An electron beam dose calculation algorithm has been developed which is based on a superposition of pregenerated Monte Carlo electron track kernels. Electrons are transported through media of varying density and atomic number using electron tracks produced in water. The perturbation of the electron fluence due to each material encountered by the electrons is explicitly accounted for by considering the effect of (i) varying stopping power, (ii) scattering power, and (iii) radiation yield. For each step of every electron track, these parameters affect the step length, the step direction, and for energy deposited in that step respectively. Dose distributions in both homogeneous water and nonwaterlike phantoms, and heterogeneous phantoms show consistent agreement with "standard" Monte Carlo results. For the same statistical uncertainty in broad beam geometries, this new calculation method uses a factor of 9 less computation time than a full Monte Carlo simulation.
Chemical modification and anticancer effect of prenylated flavanones from Taiwanese propolis (2011)

Our previous studies demonstrated that eight prenylated flavanones (1-8), isolated from Taiwanese propolis, were capable of a broad spectrum of biological activities. Among them, nymphaeol A (3), nymphaeol B (4) and nymphaeol C (7), abundant in Taiwanese propolis, exhibited cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. It therefore seemed interesting to improve their activity via a semi-synthetic strategy. In this study, 12 novel prenylated flavanones were synthesised in our laboratory and their activities were assessed for two human prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and DU-145, and a human hepatoma cell line, Hep-3B. Of these compounds, 10c, 11 and 12 showed more potent cytotoxicity against the PC-3 cell line than 5-Fu. Using cytometric analysis followed by double staining with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide, it was observed that these compounds induced apoptosis as well. This suggests that prenylated flavanones 10c, 11 and 12 may have anticancer potential for further development.
A Preliminary Study on the Feasibility of Detecting Global Acute Cerebral Ischemia by the MIPS Method (2020)

Acute cerebral ischemia is an important clinical disease that is usually detected by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. The magnetic inductive phase shift (MIPS) is a new method for detecting cerebral diseases, which is non-invasive, miniaturized, and low-cost. A total of 25 rabbits were studied using a two-coil sensor with a 0.3-200 MHz frequency range, and all the subjects were measured for 1 hour. Based on the rabbit acute cerebral ischemia model, the rabbits were divided into unilateral ligation, bilateral ligation, and non-ligation groups. The results showed that the average MIPS values of the non-ligation, unilateral ligation, and bilateral ligation group were -0.195 ± 0.079°, -4.873 ± 1.042°, and -9.165 ± 2.862° respectively. MIPS distinguished different severities of cerebral ischemia in rabbits with statistical significance (p <; 0.05). Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used as the gold standard for collecting cerebral blood flow data. The strong correlation between the LDF measurements and the phase shift suggested that the phase shift reflects blood flow changes in the brain. Overall, these results suggest that the MIPS detection method has the potential to provide early detection of global cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, this method effectively distinguished different severities of cerebral ischemia.
A spectroscopic study of the nonlinear magneto-optical response of garnets (1997)

In magnetic garnet films crystallographic χijk(2)(2ω) and magnetization-induced χijkl(3)(2ω) electric-dipole type contributions to the nonlinear optical susceptibility may coexist due to a simultaneous breaking of space and time-reversal symmetry. A spectroscopic study shows different behavior of these two contributions as a function of the photon energy.
Further development of the E-MEVVA ion source (2002)

We report detailed investigations of the electron-beam metal vapor vacuum-arc (E-MEVVA) ion source, which were performed jointly among the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia, the High Current Electronics Institute, Tomsk, Russia, and Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA. The experiments were performed in Moscow and Tomsk with nearly the same design of ion sources. Recently, the first successful ion charge states enhancement for this kind of ion source was demonstrated. This article presents comparisons of electron-beam effects and examines their influence on E-MEVVA performance. Substantial enhancement of high ion charge states enhancement was observed clearly in both experimental setups with two different methods of measuring the ion charge state distributions. These results can be considered as a proof of the E-MEVVA principle.
Replicating Huntington Disease’s Phenotype in Nonhuman Primates (2000)

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited, autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by involuntary choreiform movements, cognitive decline, and a progressive neuronal degeneration primarily affecting the striatum. At present there is no effective therapy, even palliative, against this disorder. The gene responsible for the disease has been localized on the short arm of chromosome 4 (1) and the molecular defect recently identified (2) as an abnormal repeat of CAG triplets in the 5′ coding region of a gene (IT15) encoding a protein (huntingtin) with unknown function. Despite the intense search for a cell pathology attached to this molecular defect, the mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration in HD still remain largely speculative (3). Nevertheless, recent studies have suggested that abnormal interactions between the mutated huntingtin and other proteins could be involved in the pathogenesis of HD. Thus, huntingtin has been shown to interact with several proteins including a cytoplasmic protein that associates with microtubules, mitochondria, and synaptic vesicles (HAP-1, 4), glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, 5), an unidentified calmodulinassociated protein (6), a ubiquitin-associated protein (HIP-2, 7), and a protein homologous to the yeast cytoskeleton-associated protein sla2p (HIP-1, 8). These observations suggest that alterations in glycolysis, vesicle trafficking, or apoptosis could all be pathological mechanisms involved in HD. However, direct and indirect evidence for defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism (complex II–III deficiency) has been increasingly compelling over the past decade (9–15).
Mass Production of Highly Active NK Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy in a GMP Conform Perfusion Bioreactor (2019)

NK cells have emerged as promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy, especially due to their ability to fight circulating tumor cells thereby preventing metastases formation. Hence several studies have been performed to generate and expand highly cytotoxic NK cells <i>ex vivo</i>, e.g., by using specific cytokines to upregulate both their proliferation and surface expression of distinct activating receptors. Apart from an enhanced activity, application of NK cells as immunotherapeutic agent further requires sufficient cell numbers and a high purity. All these parameters depend on a variety of different factors including the starting material, additives like cytokines as well as the culture system. Here we analyzed PBMC-derived NK cells of five anonymized healthy donors expanded under specific conditions in an innovative perfusion bioreactor system with respect to their phenotype, IFNγ production, and cytotoxicity <i>in vitro</i>. Important features of the meander type bioreactors used here are a directed laminar flow of medium and control of relevant process parameters. Cells are cultivated under "steady state" conditions in perfusion mode. Our data demonstrate that expansion of CD3<sup>+</sup> T cell depleted PBMCs in our standardized system generates massive amounts of highly pure (>85%) and potent anti-cancer active NK cells. These cells express a variety of important receptors driving NK cell recruitment, adhesion as well as activation. More specifically, they express the chemokine receptors CXCR3, CXCR4, and CCR7, the adhesion molecules L-selectin, LFA-1, and VLA-4, the activating receptors NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, NKG2D, DNAM1, and CD16 as well as the death ligands TRAIL and Fas-L. Moreover, the generated NK cells show a strong IFNγ expression upon cultivation with K562 tumor cells and demonstrate a high cytotoxicity toward leukemic as well as solid tumor cell lines <i>in vitro</i>. Altogether, these characteristics promise a high clinical potency of thus produced NK cells awaiting further evaluation.
Widening of the field of view in parallel two-step phase-shifting digital holography (2011)

An algorithm for widening of the field of view in parallel two-step phase-shifting digital holography is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, three kinds of the interpolations are applied to the hologram for reconstruction of the object wave.
On implementing relational databases on DNA strands (2003)

This work describes the theoretical bases of the implementation of relational databases in test tubes, using an abstract model of molecular computing. It species the representation of relations and the execution program of the relational algebra (RA) operations. We investigate the possibilities of practical usage of the proposed model as well as the bounds of it.
Cervical Spinal Motion During Intubation. (2000)

Abstract : Ten fresh human cadavers were intubated while recording cervical motion using a cinefluoroscopic technique. Segmental cervical motion from the occiput through C5 was measured in both the intact spine and following the creation of a Type II odontoid fracture in all cadavers. Each intubation was performed using no external stabilization, Gardner-Wells traction and manual in-line cervical immobilization. The data are currently being analyzed. A paper entitled Segmental cervical spine motion during orotracheal intubation of the intact and injured spine with and without external stabilization was published in the Journal of Neurosurgery.
Sonographic Features of Diffuse Hashimoto Thyroiditis: Determining Sensitivity of Features and Predictors of Malignancy (2018)

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity and accuracy of five sonographic features of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) in histologically confirmed cases. In addition, to determine if sonographic features can serve as a predictor of underlying malignancy. Methods A cohort of 101 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for malignancy or other clinical conditions with histologically confirmed HT and a pre-operative thyroid ultrasound examination were included. A retrospective analysis of sonographic features and radiology reports was conducted and comparative statistical analysis completed. Results Among the cohort of 101 patients, 84% demonstrated sonographic evidence of HT. The following features were used for the identification of HT: Diffuse hypoechoic echogenicity, parenchymal heterogeneity, hypoechoic micronodularity, echogenic septations, and hypervascularity. There was a female predominance (9:1) with an average age of 50 years. Among the studied sonographic features of HT, parenchymal heterogeneity was the most sensitive (88.2%) and hypervascularity was the least sensitive (17.7%). Approximately 44% of the study cohort had malignancy; papillary thyroid carcinoma was by far the most common, accounting for 89% of all malignancies. Hypoechoic micronodularity was the feature with the greatest positive predictive value (PPV) for malignancy. Nodal metastasis was less common in patients with sonographically evident HT. Conclusion HT is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient areas of the world. Parenchymal heterogeneity and diffuse hypoechogenicity were the most sensitive sonographic features of HT. Hypoechoic micronodularity demonstrated the greatest PPV for malignancy.
CNRC-TMT: Second Language Writing Assistant System Description (2014)

We describe the system entered by the National Research Council Canada in the SemEval-2014 L2 writing assistant task. Our system relies on a standard Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Transla- tion trained on generic, publicly available data. Translations are produced by taking the already translated part of the sentence as fixed context. We show that translation systems can address the L2 writing assis- tant task, reaching out-of-five word-based accuracy above 80 percent for 3 out of 4 language pairs. We also present a brief analysis of remaining errors.
Carcass electrical stimulation to prevent cold shortening toughness in beef (1976)

Abstract If beef sides are subjected to a 1‐2 min period of high‐voltage (3600 V) electrical stimulation immediately after carcass dressing, the time for rigor setting is reduced from 24 h to about 5 h. Even with rapid chilling the stimulated carcasses are still warm at rigor entry, so that cold shortening with toughening does not develop and the meat can be aged to a high oegree of uniform tenderness.
Cell transplantation of retinal ganglion cells derived from hESCs (2019)

Our protocol provides a novel, short, and cost-effective approach for RGC differentiation from hESCs, and may broaden the scope for cell replacement therapy in RGC-related optic neuropathies such as glaucoma.
Adaptive Myogenesis under Hypoxia (2005)

Previous studies have indicated that myoblasts can differentiate and repair muscle injury after an ischemic insult. However, it is unclear how hypoxia or glucose deprivation in the ischemic microenvironment affects myoblast differentiation. We have found that myogenesis can adapt to hypoxic conditions. This adaptive mechanism is accompanied by initial inhibition of the myoD, E2A, and myogenin genes followed by resumption of their expression in an oxygen-dependent manner. The regulation of myoD transcription by hypoxia is correlated with transient deacetylation of histones associated with the myoD promoter. It is noteworthy that, unlike the differentiation of other cell types such as preadipocytes or chondroblasts, the effect of hypoxia on myogenesis is independent of HIF-1, a ubiquitous regulator of transcription under hypoxia. While myogenesis can also adapt to glucose deprivation, the combination of severe hypoxia and glucose deprivation found in an ischemic environment results in pronounced loss of myoblasts. Our studies indicate that the ischemic muscle can be repaired via the adaptive differentiation of myogenic precursors, which depends on the levels of oxygen and glucose in the ischemic microenvironment.
Germplasm Evaluation and Utilization for Insect Resistance in Rice (2019)

Rice germplasm collections, varying in size from a few hundred to several thousand accessions, are maintained in various countries by national research programs and by International Agricultural Research Centers of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. Utilization of the genetic diversity which exists in rice has been economically profitable. Economic analyses indicate that the breeding and utilization of planthopper- rice hoja blanca virus resistant cultivars is highly profitable. The various rice germplasm collection and conservation programs have been successful on a global basis and have provided a large number of accessions for use in insect resistance screening and breeding programs. West Africa dominates the sub-Saharan rice sector with 60% of the rice area and 56% of the production. In Asia, where rice is mostly grown under irrigated conditions, modern cultivars have rapidly spread. Rice is a major food crop in Latin America where pest control expenses contribute to increasing costs and decreasing profitability of rice production.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Synthesis and biological analysis of new curcumin analogues bearing an enhanced potential for the medicinal treatment of cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Synthesis and biological analysis of new curcumin analogues bearing an enhanced potential for the medicinal treatment of cancer
Infrared Photometry and Spectrophotometry of Titan (1974)

The wide variation in infrared brightness temperature of Titan is explained in terms of a greenhouse effect. Radiometric observations in the infrared and microwave frequencies indicate an alternate hot atmospheric model. Methane, ammonia, hydrogen atoms, and nitrogen atoms are suggested as main constituents for the Titan atmosphere.
Coumarin or warfarin treatment of mice does not increase the microbicidal or tumoricidal capacities of macrophages. (1981)

Benzopyrones have been shown to affect several functions of macrophages. We examined the effects of two benzopyrones, coumarin and warfarin, on the capacity of mouse macrophages to inhibit microorganisms and tumour target cells. Mice were treated with daily i.v. doses of either drug. Then the mice were challenged with lethal doses of Toxoplasma gondii or peritoneal macrophages from these mice were challenged in vitro with T. gondii or tumour target cells Survival of coumarin or warfarin-treated mice challenged with T. gondii was similar to that of control mice. Multiplication of T gondii and growth of tumour target cells were similar in preparations of macrophages from coumarin-treated, warfarin-treated, or control mice and were inhibited in preparations of activated macrophages from Corynebacterium parvum-treated mice that served as positive controls. Under our experimental conditions, benzopyrones did not activate mouse macrophages.