gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Triply resonant infrared-infrared-visible sum frequency generation: Three-dimensional vibronic spectroscopy for the investigation of vibrational and vibronic couplings (2000)

A theoretical description of the triply resonant (TR) infrared-infrared-visible sum frequency generation (IIV-SFG) is presented, which is an extension of the electronically off-resonant IIV-SFG to the case when the visible field is in resonance with the electronic transition. Since three injected field frequencies can be independently controlled, the measured susceptibility is a three-dimensional spectrum containing information on both the vibrational and vibronic couplings of a molecule in condensed phases. It is shown that the nonlinearities of the dipole moment in the ground electronic state with respect to vibrational coordinates can be separately measured by using the TR-IIV-SFG method. A series of numerical calculations of 2D vibrational and vibronic spectra for a model system are presented to show how the TR-IIV-SFG measurement can be of use in studying specific vibrational and vibronic coupling processes.
<title>Effects of reduced film granularity on mammographic image quality</title> (1997)

The basic imaging characteristics of a new mammographic screen-film combination have been experimentally determined. These characteristics include absolutely calibrated sensitometry, modulation transfer functions, noise power spectra, noise equivalent quanta, and detective quantum efficiency. Specific image quality advantages of this new system are discussed, including a substantial reduction in film noise, and comparisons are made with an established mammography system.
The importance of forests to protect medicinal plants: a case study of Khadimnagar National Park, Bangladesh (2011)

The article describes the status, distribution, diversity, and curative values of medicinal plants in Khadimnagar National Park, a protected area in northeastern Bangladesh. A stratified random sampling method was applied for the quantification of plants and we collected information on utilization patterns through direct observation and by interviewing older respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 1684 plants of 50 species (42 families) were recorded to possess curative values. Of the 50 species, 22 trees, 12 shrubs, 10 herbs, and 6 climbers and 6 grass species were found belonging to 17, 10, 9, and 6 families, respectively. The low lands were found most favorable for medicinal plants (40%) followed by middle of the hill (34%). Plants identified within the area were used for the treatment of 69 ailments. For medicinal preparations and treating various ailments, above-ground parts of plants were used more often than below-ground parts. Shannon–Wiener diversity, species diversity, and species richness indices were calculated. Medicinal plants used by the community seemed to be sustainable, but commercial extraction of some valuable species was found unsustainable. This calls for urgent conservation measures by the relevant authorities to maximize the sustainable use of these vital resources in the study area.
Geometric Manifold Learning (2011)

We present algorithms for analyzing massive and high dimensional data sets motivated by theorems from geometry and topology. Optimization criteria for computing data projections are discussed and skew radial basis functions (sRBFs) for constructing nonlinear mappings with sharp transitions are demonstrated. Examples related to modeling dynamical systems, including hurricane intensity and financial time series prediction, are presented. The article represents an overview of the authors' and collaborators' work in manifold learning.
The structure of a glyoxalase I inhibitor and its chemical reactivity with SH-compounds. (1975)

The structure of a glyoxalase I inhibitor (I), isolated from a cultured broth of Streptomyces griseosporeus, was found to be 2-crotonyloxymethyl-4,5,6-trihydroxy-cyclohex-2-enone by chemical studies. Stereochemistry and absolute configuration were determined to be 4R, 5R and 6R by X-ray crystallographic analysis of a bromine-containing crystalline derivative. The crotonyloxy group of I shows a surprising proclivity to be displaced by SH-compounds. This property is shown to be the basis for its biological activity.
Outcome prediction model for severe traumatic brain injury (2013)

Our predictive model was shown to have high predictive value. It will be useful for review of treatment, family counseling, and efficient allocation of resources for patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
<title>Polarizing Optical Components For High Power Glass Laser Systems</title> (1976)

Large glass laser systems used in laser fusion research operate with intrasystem power densities of up to 1010 W/cm2. These multibeam laser systems utilize numerous subassemblies to perform various tasks. Polarization components are important elements in subassemblies such as unidirectional optical isolators, bidirectional optical isolators and variable ratio beam dividers. At power densities of gigawatts/cm2, nonlinear effects limit the power level that can be prieagatV through a glass laser system. An intensity induced refractive index change of PPM at levels of 1010 w/cm2 can cause whole beam self-focusing and small scale beam break-up. Polarization components for use in these systems must be selected on the basis of minimal contribution to nonlinear phenomena as well as acceptable optical performance. Nonlinear considerations exclude the use of such components as birefringent crystal polarizers and the MacNeille polarizer in the presence of gigawatt/cm power densities. Thin film plate polarizers are used in large aperture low contrast applications because they combine acceptable optical performance with a relatively low nonlinear contribution. This review paper describes some commonly used polarization components and discusses their applicability to high power glass laser systems.
Epigenome manipulation as a pathway to new natural product scaffolds and their congeners (2009)

The covalent modification of chromatin is an important control mechanism used by fungi to modulate the transcription of genes involved in secondary metabolite production. To date, both molecular-based and chemical approaches targeting histone and DNA posttranslational processes have shown great potential for rationally directing the activation and/or suppression of natural-product-encoding gene clusters. In this Highlight, the organization of the fungal epigenome is summarized and strategies for manipulating chromatin-related targets are presented. Applications of these techniques are illustrated using several recently published accounts in which chemical-epigenetic methods and mutant studies were successfully employed for the de novo or enhanced production of structurally diverse fungal natural products (e.g., anthraquinones, cladochromes, lunalides, mycotoxins, and nygerones).
Coercivity and exchange coupling in PrCo:Co nanocomposite films (1998)

Magnetic hysteresis and intergrain exchange coupling in nanostructured PrCo:Co composite films have been investigated. The composite thin films were made by multilayer sputtering and subsequent annealing. It is found that the coercivity mechanism is related to film morphology, especially the Co phase fraction. Evidence for the hard-soft-phase exchange coupling has been found and high energy products have been obtained.
Regulation of EGF Receptor Signaling in the Fruitfly D. melanogaster and the Nematode C. elegans (2000)

Mammals contain four members (HER1/EGFR, HER2/Neu, HER3, and HER4) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, which transduce extracellular signals by EGF family peptide growth factors. Upon binding of ligand with receptor, dimerization and auto-phosphorylation of the receptor results in a cascade of events which transmit signal from the cell surface to the nucleus. Amplification and/or uncontrolled signaling of these receptors is associated with many cancers. 10 to 34% of human breast cancers are associated with amplification or overexpression of the HER2/neu oncogene, an EGFR homolog [1]. Signaling from the EGFR plays a critical role in the development of many organisms including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, each of which contain a single EGFR homolog. The powerful genetic techniques offered by these organisms has allowed new components of the EGFR signal transduction pathway to be identified as well as lending insight into the basis of tissue specificity of signaling.
A 40 GHz Air-Dielectric Cavity Oscillator with Low Phase Modulation Noise (2014)

We describe a 40 GHz cavity stabilized oscillator (CSO) that uses an air-dielectric cavity resonator as a frequency discriminator to reduce the phase modulation (PM) noise of a commercial 10 GHz di...
Multidimensional en-Face OCT imaging of the retina (2009)

Fast T-scanning (transverse scanning, en-face) was used to build B-scan or C-scan optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the retina. Several unique signature patterns of en-face (coronal) are reviewed in conjunction with associated confocal images of the fundus and B-scan OCT images. Benefits in combining T-scan OCT with confocal imaging to generate pairs of OCT and confocal images similar to those generated by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) are discussed in comparison with the spectral OCT systems. The multichannel potential of the OCT/SLO system is demonstrated with the addition of a third hardware channel which acquires and generates indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence images. The OCT, confocal SLO and ICG fluorescence images are simultaneously presented in a two or a three screen format. A fourth channel which displays a live mix of frames of the ICG sequence superimposed on the corresponding coronal OCT slices for immediate multidimensional comparison, is also included. OSA ISP software is employed to illustrate the synergy between the simultaneously provided perspectives. This synergy promotes interpretation of information by enhancing diagnostic comparisons and facilitates internal correction of movement artifacts within C-scan and B-scan OCT images using information provided by the SLO channel.
Inside Cover: Unusual Inversion Phenomenon of β‐Cyclodextrin Dimers in Water (Chem. Eur. J. 14/2011) (2011)

A conformational analysis of three triazole-containing bridged bis-β-cyclodextrins has been carried out to evaluate their recognition ability. In their Full Paper on page 3949 ff., E. Monflier et al. demonstrate that one of the cyclodextrin glucopyranose units undergoes a 360° rotation in water so that the spacer linking the two cyclodextrins is included deep within one of the cyclodextrin cavities. The evidence of the tumbling is of crucial importance because it allows for a better understanding of the supramolecular recognition abilities of these compounds.
Application of chirp pulse compression technique to a high-temperature EMAT with a large lift-off (2020)

The interest in applying non-destructive testing to the examination of the flaw and measurement of the thickness in the metals at high temperatures is increasing as the metal processing becomes continuous. Based on this background, we designed a water-cooled shear wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) with a surface cooling technique, and the conversion efficiency could be improved by surface cooling. We used the chirp pulse compression technique to process the raw ultrasonic wave signal without synchronous average. Besides, a large casting slab with coarse grains and a massive forging with high temperatures were chosen as the testing objects. Then, the effect of the lift-off distance on the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of ultrasonic signals from the EMATs operated in both the pulse-echo mode and pitch-catch mode was investigated. Subsequently, the ultrasonic signals were de-noised respectively by synchronous averages and pulse compression, and the noise reduction ability was compared. Finally, the EMAT was tested with the forging at different temperatures from 92 °C to 730 °C. The performance of the EMAT with the excitation of a tone-burst signal was also compared with the performance of the EMAT using pulse compression technique. Results show that the lift-off, SNR, range resolution, and inspection efficiency can be largely enhanced with the signal processing of chirp pulse compression to the ultrasonic wave signal with no synchronous averaging. When the forging’s temperature is 730 °C, the SNR of the compressed signal is comparable to the SNR of the signal processed with 64 synchronous averages, and the wave-packet duration can be reduced by 80.5%. The proposed EMAT detection technique is particularly suited for real-time measurement and high-temperature testing.
Transcellular Transport of Fluorescein Dextran (FD) through Arterial Endothelial Cell Monolayer (1986)

The vascular endothelium is known to act as a selective barrier for macromolecules between the intra- and extra- vascular lumen. To clarify the molecular mechanism of transport through endothelial cells, we developed an in vitro model system, porcine arterial endothelial cells cultured on type I collagen gel supported by dacron sheet. In this study, the relation between molecular weight of fluorescein dextran (FD) and transport through endothelial barrier was studied.The endothelial cell monolayer supported by dacron sheet was set between two separate chambers, and appropriate amounts of FD (molecular weight; 4K, 10K, 20K, 70K, 150K) were introduced into upper compartment, FD in lower compartment thereafter was determined by fluorescence intensity.Scanning and transmission electromicroscopy showed that the endothelial cells were confluent 2-3 days after seeding of the cells. The permeation rates of FD through the monolayer were dependent on the molecular weight.
Pneumococcal Disease in a Medium-Sized Community in the United States (1982)

To assess the importance of bacteremic pneumococcal disease among the population of one "average" American community, we studied all hospitalized patients who had Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from blood, CSF, pleural fluid, or ascitic fluid during the years 1978 through 1981 in Huntington, WVa, and environs. Seventeen patients were children younger than 13 years, and 71 were adults. The case fatality rate from bacteremic pneumococcal disease among adults was 30%, and among children it was 6%. It was much higher (88%) in adults older than 50 years with extrapulmonary disease. Approximately four fifths of the typed isolates from adults or children were types included in the current vaccine. Eighty-nine percent of the adults who died of pneumococcal infection had been candidates for pneumococcal vaccine, but only one patient had received vaccine, just before becoming ill with pneumococcal disease. These data provide a basis for widespread use of pneumococcal vaccine in high-risk groups.
Photochemical reactions of N,N'-dialkylpiperazinetetrones (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical reactions of N,N'-dialkylpiperazinetetronesHiromu Aoyama, Michiro Ohnota, Masami Sakamoto, and Yoshimori OmoteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 2, 247–249Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00352a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00352a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CPP32/Yama/apopain cleaves the catalytic component of DNA‐dependent protein kinase in the holoenzyme (1996)

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is composed of a 460-kDa catalytic component (p460) and a DNA-binding component Ku protein. Immunoblot analysis after treatment of Jurkat cells with anti-Fas antibody demonstrated the cleavage of p460 concomitantly with an increase in CPP32/Yama/apopain activity. Recombinant CPP32/Yama/apopain specifically cleaved p460 in the DNA-PK preparation that had been purified from Raji cells into 230- and 160-kDa polypeptides, the latter of which was detected in anti-Fas-treated Jurkat cells. The regulatory component Ku protein was not significantly affected by CPP32/Yama/apopain. DNA-PK activity was decreased with the disappearance of p460 in the incubation of DNA-PK with CPP32/Yama/apopain. These results suggest that the catalytic component of DNA-PK is one of the target proteins for CPP32/Yama/apopain in Fas-mediated apoptosis.
Adaptive exploration for minor actinoid separation process in expanded bed chromatography (2013)

軽水炉及び高速増殖炉（FBR）から発生する使用済核燃料において，高レベル放射性廃棄物（High-Level radioactive Waste; HLW）の処理・処分法の確立は極めて大きな開発課題である。特に放射性廃棄物を地層処分するためには，環境負荷軽減や処分場の占有面積低減等の観点から，HLW に含まれる長半減期核種であるマイナーアクチノイド（MA）の分離が重要となる。現在，HLW からの MA の分離回収には抽出クロマトグラフィーが検討されているが，放射性分解ガスや溶解スラッジによるカラムの通液阻害等が懸念されている。そこで，本研究ではカラムの下方から通液し，充填層を粗に保ちながらクロマトグラフィーの操作を行うエクスパンデットベッドカラムクロマトグラフィー（Expanded bed Chromatography: EBC）に着目した。本研究では，MA 分離用に開発された含浸吸着材を用いて，EBC の動的吸着・溶離特性を検討した。本研究の成果から，EBC によっても良好なクロマトグラムを得られることができ，ガス・スラッジの影響を抑制可能であることが示された。
A spatio‐temporal population model to support risk assessment and damage analysis for decision‐making (2007)

The aim of this research is to develop and implement a simple spatio‐temporal model of population location that might improve risk assessment and damage analysis for decision‐making in both the Finnish Fire and Rescue Services and the Finnish Defence Forces. The motivation for the research is that present risk models do not take into account the temporal variation in population location during different times of the day. We use spatio‐temporal modelling methods to model the population dynamics, and visualization techniques to represent the model outcomes. In addition, we apply the developed model to a damage‐analysis application. The case study site is located in the centre of Helsinki. The model uses a basic population and workplace dataset maintained by the Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council. By means of this model, we intend to advance risk assessment, which considers the consequences of accidents. This model has the potential to help decision‐makers evaluate their plans in several application areas—such as achieving better preparedness by having more reliable evacuation plans and resource allocation. In addition to the application‐related technological research, a more generic framework about decision‐making supported by spatio‐temporal knowledge and visualization is presented.
Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Control, Forage Production, and Economic Return with Fall-Applied Herbicides (1994)

Leafy spurge control and forage production after various fall-applied herbicide treatment rotations were evaluated in a bluegrass pasture and a mixed grass prairie. Dicamba at 2 kg ae/ha or picloram at 0.6 kg ae/ha alone or combined with 2,4-D at 1 kg ae/ha applied annually for 3 yr provided consistent leafy spurge control of 85% or better, but forage production was greater at the bluegrass pasture site than the mixed grass prairie site. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.4 plus 0.7 kg ae/ha applied annually or rotated with picloram plus 2,4-D or dicamba provided 90% or better leafy spurge control after 3 yr at the bluegrass pasture. Control was 50% or less at the mixed grass prairie site where forage production was severely reduced by glyphosate plus 2,4-D. All treatments on the bluegrass pasture provided a positive economic return averaging $227/ha after 3 yr. Picloram or picloram plus 2,4-D at the mixed grass prairie site provided net returns averaging $285/ha, but treatment rotations that included glyphosate plus 2,4-D one or more times in 3 yr averaged a net loss of $32/ha due to severe grass injury.
Dab1 Is Required for Synaptic Plasticity and Associative Learning (2013)

Disabled-1 (Dab1) is an adaptor protein that is an obligate effector of the Reelin signaling pathway, and is critical for neuronal migration and dendrite outgrowth during development. Components of the Reelin pathway are highly expressed during development, but also continue to be expressed in the adult brain. Here we investigated in detail the expression pattern of Dab1 in the postnatal and adult forebrain, and determined that it is expressed in excitatory as well as inhibitory neurons. Dab1 was found to be localized in different cellular compartments, including the soma, dendrites, presynaptic and postsynaptic structures. Mice that are deficient in Dab1, Reelin, or the Reelin receptors ApoER2 and VLDLR exhibit severely perturbed brain cytoarchitecture, limiting the utility of these mice for investigating the role of this signaling pathway in the adult brain. In this study, we developed an adult forebrain-specific and excitatory neuron-specific conditional knock-out mouse line, and demonstrated that Dab1 is a critical regulator of synaptic function and hippocampal-dependent associative and spatial learning. These dramatic abnormalities were accompanied by a reduction in dendritic spine size, and defects in basal and plasticity-induced Akt and ERK1/2 signaling. Deletion of Dab1 led to no obvious changes in neuronal positioning, dendrite morphology, spine density, or synaptic composition. Collectively, these data conclusively demonstrate an important role for Reelin-Dab1 signaling in the adult forebrain, and underscore the importance of this pathway in learning and memory.
Effects of viscosity on transonic-aerodynamic and aeroelastic characteristics of oscillating airfoils (1983)

Studies were made to investigate the effects of viscosity on aerodynamic and aeroelastic characteristics of oscillating airfoils. The computer code LTRAN2 (viscous), which is based on a small disturbance aerodynamic theory, was used to make aerodynamic computations. Two viscous models, the viscous-ramp model and the lag-entrainment model were considered. The unsteady viscous effects were obtained by use of the quasi-steady assumptions. Two cases, a conventional airfoil, NACA 64A010, and a supercritical airfoil, MBB-A3, were studied at Mach numbers 0.796 and 0.7557, respectively. For both the airfoils, steady and unsteady aerodynamic computations were made by using inviscid and viscous theories. The steady and the unsteady results for the NACA 64A010 airfoil and the steady results for the MBB-A3 airfoil were compared with the available wind-tunnel results. Flutter speeds were computed for both airfoils by using the U-g method and the effects of viscosity on the airfoils were studied. Results from the viscous methods show improvements over the inviscid method.