gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light-shift mitigation in a microcell-based atomic clock with symmetric auto-balanced Ramsey spectroscopy (2022)

The mid-term fractional frequency stability of miniaturized atomic clocks can be limited by light-shift effects. In this Letter, we demonstrate the implementation of a symmetric auto-balanced Ramsey (SABR) interrogation sequence in a microcell-based atomic clock based on coherent population trapping. Using this advanced protocol, the sensitivity of the clock frequency to laser power, microwave power, and laser frequency variations is reduced, at least by one order of magnitude, in comparison with continuous-wave or Ramsey interrogation schemes. Light-shift mitigation obtained with the SABR sequence benefits greatly to the clock Allan deviation for integration times between 102 and 105 s. These results demonstrate that such interrogation techniques are of interest to enhance the timekeeping performance of chip-scale atomic clocks.
The extreme N-terminus of the Caulobacter crescentus surface-layer protein directs export of passenger proteins from the cytoplasm but is not required for secretion of the native protein (1996)

The paracrystalline surface layer (S-layer) of Caulobacter crescentus is composed of a single protein (RsaA, 1026 amino acids) that associates noncovalently with the lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane. Like many other extracellular proteins of Gram-negative bacteria, the S-layer protein is not processed during transport to the cell surface. To study the secretion of RsaA, several N-terminal deletions of the protein were made by modifying the 5'-region of the rsaA gene. This analysis showed that portions of the N-terminus totalling the first 775 N-terminal amino acids (75% of the protein) could be removed from RsaA without abolishing secretion of the remainder of the protein. Although the RsaA N-terminus was not required for secretion, an N-terminal domain consisting of either 34 or 52 RsaA-derived amino acids promoted export of the alkaline phosphatase reporter (PhoA) and a cellulase reporter (delta CenA) from the cytoplasm; using the cellulase reporter, the efficiency of hybrid protein export was estimated at 9%. No enzyme activity was detected in the cell-free culture fluids as the result of expressing any gene fusion, indicating that no hybrid protein was completely secreted from the cell. RsaA:PhoA hybrid proteins were also exported from the E. coli cytoplasm, a bacterium not expected to contain the necessary machinery for the secretion of RsaA. Taken together, these data indicate that the secretion pathway of RsaA relies on a C-terminal secretion signal and that once separated from the context of the native protein, the extreme N-terminus of RsaA can act as an inefficient cryptic export signal that is not used during native RsaA secretion.
Linear Combinations of Multiple Diagnostic Markers (1993)

Abstract The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is a simple and meaningful measure to assess the usefulness of diagnostic markers. To use the information carried by multiple markers, we note that Fisher's linear discriminant function provides a linear combination of markers to maximize the sensitivity over the entire specificity range uniformly under the multivariate normal distribution model with proportional covariance matrices. With no restriction on covariance matrices, we also provide a solution of the best linear combination of markers in the sense that the area under the ROC curve of this combination is maximized among all possible linear combinations. We illustrate both situations discussed in the article with a cancer clinical trial data. Key Words: Linear discriminant functionReceiver operating characteristic curveSensitivitySpecificity
A Review of the Performance of Artifact Filtering Algorithms for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (2013)

Various filtering strategies have been adopted and investigated to suppress the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) artifact. In this article, two types of artifact removal methods are reviewed: one is the method that removes CPR artifact using only ECG signals, and the other is the method with additional reference signals, such as acceleration, compression depth and transthoracic impedance. After filtering, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved from 0 dB to greater than 2.8 dB, the sensitivity is increased to > 90% as recommended by the American Heart Association, whereas the specificity was far from the recommended 95%, which is considered to be the major drawback of the available artifact removal methods. The overall performance of the adaptive filtering methods with additional reference signal outperforms the methods using only ECG signals. Further research should focus on the refinement of artifact filtering methods and the improvement of shock advice algorithms with the presence of CPR.
The Effect of the Temperature of Incubation on the Spread of Herpes Simplex Virus in an Immune Environment in Cell Culture (1960)

Summary The MP variant of Herpes simplex virus was used in experiments designed to determine the relative rates of spread of virus infection from infected to noninfected FL cells incubated at different temperatures in the presence of antibody. Preliminary experiments showed that one infectious particle is sufficient to infect a cell, and that an infected cell will almost invariably produce a macroplaque when deposited on a monolayer culture and incubated at 37°C in the presence of antibody. The conditions required to effect infection of all or most cells in an FL cell culture were also determined. On the basis of these experiments, the mean size of macroplaques formed by infected cells added to the monolayer culture and incubated in the presence of antibody at 30°, 31°, 34°, 37°, and 39.5°C were determined. From these experiments it was learned that the largest macroplaque area is attained after 4 days of incubation at 37°C. Below and above 37°C the mean size of macroplaques after a similar incubation period is progressively reduced. In view of the absence of the cell fluid-cell transmission of infection in the presence of antibody in the fluid phase, the increase in macroplaques may be taken as a measure of the direct cell-cell transmission of the virus from infected to noninfected cells. The significance of the observed rates of spread of infection at different temperatures with respect to a) virus formation at different temperatures, b) virus release from infected cells at different temperatures, and c) recurrent herpetic infections in man were discussed.
Discussion of “Response of 0.6m Cast-in-Steel-Shell Pile in Liquefied Soil under Lateral Loading” by Thomas J. Weaver, Scott A. Ashford, and Kyle M. Rollins (2006)

The discussers note the importance of the research in its value-added field data for a laterally loaded pile in liquefied soil. To provide a useful comparison to the behavior observed by the authors, the discussers have used the Strain Wedge Model (SWM) for analysis of the 0.61-m diameter CISS pile in liquefied soil.
Trends in Party Support in Seven National Elections (2016)

India constitutes a rich and varied laboratory for the exploration of voting behavior. An enormous reservoir of data has accumulated not only through seven national elections spanning 28 years, but also through numerous elections held for the 21 state legislative assemblies. With a few instructive exceptions, however, inquiry into Indian elections has been limited and has proceeded with greater concern for describing electoral results and the political micro-climates of constituencies than for the systematic accumulation and testing of knowledge.1 India, like practically all of the non-Western world, has been largely excluded from consideration in comparative election studies-studies that have sprung primarily from the American case but which have expanded to encompass Canada and most of the states of Western Europe during the past two decades.2 The present investigation is a preliminary effort to widen these restricted horizons by exploring the underlying dimensions of Indian electoral processes beyond the mere description of turnout and party vote statistics that constitute most of the commentary on this extraordinary political phenomenon. Ultimately we would expect the Indian case to become fully integrated into the wider comparative analysis of electoral process and behavior. It is commonplace to note that India is the world's largest democracy. Its voter turnout rate is approximately the same as the United States while the number of votes cast is over twice as large. India, however, is neither a twoparty nor a multi-party system. Rather, it has been a one party dominant system with the Indian National Congress standing at its institutional core, although the organizational scaffolding of that core has suffered atrophy over the past decade.3 Interaction between a complex pattern of multi-party
Model-to-image based 2D-3D registration of angiographic data (2008)

We propose a novel registration method, which combines well-known vessel detection techniques with aspects of model adaptation. The proposed method is tailored to the requirements of 2D-3D-registration of interventional angiographic X-ray data such as acquired during abdominal procedures. As prerequisite, a vessel centerline is extracted out of a rotational angiography (3DRA) data set to build an individual model of the vascular tree. Following the two steps of local vessel detection and model transformation the centerline model is matched to one dynamic subtraction angiography (DSA) target image. Thereby, the in-plane position and the 3D orientation of the centerline is related to the vessel candidates found in the target image minimizing the residual error in least squares manner. In contrast to feature-based methods, no segmentation of the vessel tree in the 2D target image is required. First experiments with synthetic angiographies and clinical data sets indicate that matching with the proposed model-to-image based registration approach is accurate and robust and is characterized by a large capture range.
WebSocket Transport for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (2011)

This document specifies a WebSocket subprotocol for a new transport in
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol). The WebSocket protocol enables two-
way realtime communication between clients (typically web-based
applications) and servers. The main goal of this specification is to
integrate the SIP protocol within web applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Additions of Homoenolates to Nitrones Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Facile Synthesis of Glycosyl Hydroxylamines (1997)

Abstract Condensation of N-benzylhydroxylamine with furanoses and pyranoses in the presence of zinc dichloride leads to novel anomeric glycosyl hydroxylamines. Notes A small amount of starting aldose (≈5%) was recovered.
High-resolution, high-contrast ultrasound imaging using a prototype dual-frequency transducer: In vitro and in vivo studies (2010)

With recent advances in animal models of disease, there has been great interest in capabilities for highresolution contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging. Microbubble contrast agents are unique in that they scatter broadband ultrasound energy because of their nonlinear behavior. For optimal response, it is desirable to excite the microbubbles near their resonant frequency. To date, this has been challenging with high-frequency imaging systems because most contrast agents are resonant at frequencies in the order of several megahertz. Our team has developed a unique dual-frequency confocal transducer which enables low-frequency excitation of bubbles near their resonance with one element, and detection of their emitted high-frequency content with the second element. Using this imaging approach, we have attained an average 12.3 dB improvement in contrast-to-tissue ratios over fundamental mode imaging, with spatial resolution near that of the high-frequency element. Because this detection method does not rely on signal decorrelation, it is not susceptible to corruption by tissue motion. This probe demonstrates contrast imaging capability with significant tissue suppression, enabling high-resolution contrast-enhanced images of microvascular blood flow. Additionally, this probe can readily produce radiation force on flowing contrast agents, which may be beneficial for targeted imaging or therapy.
On the 13C/12C isotopic signal of day and night respiration at the mesocosm level (2010)

While there is currently intense effort to examine the (13)C signal of CO(2) evolved in the dark, less is known on the isotope composition of day-respired CO(2). This lack of knowledge stems from technical difficulties to measure the pure respiratory isotopic signal: day respiration is mixed up with photorespiration, and there is no obvious way to separate photosynthetic fractionation (pure c(i)/c(a) effect) from respiratory effect (production of CO(2) with a different delta(13)C value from that of net-fixed CO(2)) at the ecosystem level. Here, we took advantage of new simple equations, and applied them to sunflower canopies grown under low and high [CO(2)]. We show that whole mesocosm-respired CO(2) is slightly (13)C depleted in the light at the mesocosm level (by 0.2-0.8 per thousand), while it is slightly (13)C enriched in darkness (by 1.5-3.2 per thousand). The turnover of the respiratory carbon pool after labelling appears similar in the light and in the dark, and accordingly, a hierarchical clustering analysis shows a close correlation between the (13)C abundance in day- and night-evolved CO(2). We conclude that the carbon source for respiration is similar in the dark and in the light, but the metabolic pathways associated with CO(2) production may change, thereby explaining the different (12)C/(13)C respiratory fractionations in the light and in the dark.
Performance evaluation of fault tolerance for parallel applications in networked environments (2002)

This paper presents the performance evaluation of a software fault manager for distributed applications. Dubbed STAR, it uses the natural redundancy existing in networks of workstations to offer a high level of fault tolerance. Fault management is transparent to the supported parallel applications. STAR is application independent, highly configurable and easily portable to UNIX-like operating systems. The current implementation is based on independent checkpointing and message logging. Measurements show the efficiency and the limits of this implementation. The challenge is to show that a software approach to fault tolerance can efficiently be implemented in a standard networked environment.
Bioprocessing of Cryopreservation for Large-Scale Banking of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2012)

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cell therapy requires production of therapeutic cells in large quantity, which starts from thawing the cryopreserved cells from a working cell bank or a master cell bank. An optimal cryopreservation and thaw process determines the efficiency of hPSC expansion and plays a significant role in the subsequent lineage-specific differentiation. However, cryopreservation in hPSC bioprocessing has been a challenge due to the unique growth requirements of hPSC, the sensitivity to cryoinjury, and the unscalable cryopreservation procedures commonly used in the laboratory. Tremendous progress has been made to identify the regulatory pathways regulating hPSC responses during cryopreservation and the development of small molecule interventions that effectively improves the efficiency of cryopreservation. The adaption of these methods in current good manufacturing practices (cGMP)-compliant cryopreservation processes not only improves cell survival, but also their therapeutic potency. This review summarizes the advances in these areas and discusses the technical requirements in the development of cGMP-compliant hPSC cryopreservation process.
Engineering the Primary Substrate Specificity of Streptomyces griseus Trypsin (2003)

Streptomyces griseus trypsin (SGT) was chosen as a model scaffold for the development of serine proteases with enhanced substrate specificity. Recombinant SGT has been produced in a Bacillus subtilis expression system in a soluble active form and purified to homogeneity. The recombinant and native proteases have nearly identical enzymatic properties and structures. Four SGT mutants with alterations in the S1 substrate binding pocket (T190A, T190P, T190S, and T190V) were also expressed. The T190P mutant demonstrated the largest shift to a preference for Arg versus Lys in the P1 site. This was shown by a minor reduction in catalytic activity toward an Arg-containing substrate (k(cat) reduction of 25%). The crystal structures of the recombinant SGT and the T190P mutant in a complex with the inhibitor benzamidine were obtained at high resolution (approximately 1.9 A). The increase in P1 specificity, achieved with minimal effect on the catalytic efficiency, demonstrates that the T190P mutant is an ideal candidate for the design of additional substrate specificity engineered into the S2 to S4 binding pockets.
Theory of photoinduced Floquet Weyl semimetal phases (2016)

The Weyl semimetal exhibits various interesting physical phenomena because of the Weyl points, i.e., linear band crossings. We show by Floquet theory that a linearly polarized light applied to a band insulator can induce controllable Weyl points. In a tight-binding model, we classify different types of photoinduced Weyl points that lead to a rich phase diagram characterized by the Chern number defined on each momentum slice of the bulk states. Taking into account the nonequilibrium electron distribution, we calculate and explain the nonmonotonous anomalous Hall conductivity in terms of the light frequency controlled shift of Weyl points' position, which also allows us to examine the conductivity's dependence on the driving electric field.
A novel Bacillus intermedius extracellular alkaline phosphatase: isolation, physico-chemical and catalytic characteristics. (1996)

A new alkaline phosphatase was obtained as homogeneous preparation from culture filtrate of the spore-forming Bacillus intermedius. B. intermedius phosphatase was shown to be monomer with molecular weight of 47 kDa. The enzyme possesses phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities and exhibits a broad specificity towards a wide variety of substrates. The purified phosphatase had an optimum temperature of 50 degrees C, optimum pH of 9.5 and was stable until 60 degrees C at pH 8-10. The effect of divalent metal ions and thiol reagents on catalytic activity of the enzyme was studied.
Software integration for automated stability analysis and design optimization of a bearingless rotor blade (2010)

The concept of applying several disciplines to the design and optimization processes may not be new, but it does not currently seem to be widely accepted in industry. The reason for this might be the lack of well-known tools for realizing a complete multidisciplinary design and analysis of a product. This study aims to propose a method that enables engineers in some design disciplines to perform a fairly detailed analysis and optimization of a design using commercially available software as well as codes developed at Georgia Tech. The ultimate goal is when the system is set up properly, the CAD model of the design, including all subsystems, will be automatically updated as soon as a new part or assembly is added to the design; or it will be updated when an analysis and/or an optimization is performed and the geometry needs to be modified. Such a design process takes dramatically less time to complete; therefore, it should reduce development time and costs. The optimization method is demonstrated on an existing helicopter rotor originally designed in the 1960's. The rotor is already an effective design with novel features. However, application of the optimization principles together with high-speed computing resulted in an even better design. The objective function to be minimized is related to the vibrations of the rotor system under gusty wind conditions. The design parameters are all continuous variables. Optimization is performed in a number of steps. First, the most crucial design variables of the objective function are identified. With these variables, Latin Hypercube Sampling method is used to probe the design space of several local minima and maxima. After analysis of numerous samples, an optimum configuration of the design that is more stable than that of the initial design is reached. The process requires several software tools: CATIA as the CAD tool, ANSYS as the FEA tool, VABS for obtaining the cross-sectional structural properties, and DYMORE for the frequency and dynamic analysis of the rotor. MATLAB codes are also employed to generate input files and read output files of DYMORE. All these tools are connected using ModelCenter.
Photochemical transformations of small ring heterocyclic systems. LXV. Intramolecular cycloaddition reactions of vinyl-substituted 2H-azirines (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical transformations of small ring heterocyclic systems. LXV. Intramolecular cycloaddition reactions of vinyl-substituted 2H-azirinesAlbert Padwa, Joel Smolanoff, and Alan TremperCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 16, 4682–4691Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00849a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00849a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views745Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fig. S6 from Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Profiling Defines Three Immune Subtypes of NSCLC with Distinct Signaling Pathways and Genetic Alterations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Relationship between the number of immune cell types and clinicopathological factors. Cells in the matrix represent the 1-Pearson correlation coefficient between cell density of the indicated immune cell composition and clinicopathological factors in LUAD (left) and LUSQ (right). * p&lt;0.05.&lt;/p&gt;