gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can We Rely on Resting Metabolic Rate Equations? Large Variance in Crohn Disease Pediatric Patients (2023)

Our data suggest that the Schofield equation is inadequate for determining RMR in pediatric CD and that RMR should be measured to guarantee the most appropriate nutritional intervention.
Algorithm Development for Minor Damage Identification in Vehicle Bodies Using Adaptive Sensor Data Processing (2014)

The paper presents an approach for fully-automatic detection and recognition of minor vehicle body damages in a scenario of frequently changing drivers, such as in the car rental or car sharing businesses. It utilizes a sensor network integrated into the vehicle body. The algorithmically contribution is the multi sensor-data fusion of the signals from these sensors and the subsequent reasoning framework stage. The present research assignment is the inclusion of additional information from the network of the vehicle's electronic control units. This additional information about the vehicle state (e.g. closed or opened door status, speed, changing fuel level) is used to verify the calculated damage events. The efficiency of a structural damage detection directly depends on the acoustical vehicle noise level. Additional structure-borne sound sources also introduce oscillations into the vehicle body (e.g. road and engine noise, opening and closing doors). Some of this information uses a central electronic unit for adaptive sensor data processing of the damage detection system. The higher confidence of correctly identified damages increases the credibility of the system.
Optical design of ARIES: the new near-infrared science instrument for the adaptive f/15 Multiple Mirror Telescope (1999)

Steward Observatory is building a deformable f/15 secondary mirror that will compensate for atmospheric turbulence for the 6.5m Multiple Mirror Telescope conversion. With the proposed adaptive optics system, this new telescope is expected to resolve diffraction limited images, approximately an order of magnitude better than present seeing. This improved visibility with a larger light collecting area and low thermal background requires a new science instrument, diffraction limited for the 1 to 5 micrometers region. This science instrument, presently in its early manufacturing stages, consists of four cameras, low resolution spectroscopy with grisms, high resolution spectroscopy with a cross-dispersed Echelle grating and an atmospheric dispersion corrector. The cameras will provide simultaneous slit viewing, differential imaging and two pixel sampling over the full wavelength band. Each camera will operate with a 1024 X 1024 HgCdTe array optimized for the spectral region of the camera. An IR tip/tilt sensor is also incorporated into the instrument that will relay natural guide star motion to the adaptive secondary in a closed-loop approach. This paper is an optical design instrument overview.
Understanding the Anomalous Alkane Selectivity of ZIF‐7 in the Separation of Light Alkane/Alkene Mixtures (2011)

C2 and C3 alkanes are selectively adsorbed from mixtures over the corresponding alkenes on the zeolite imidazolate framework ZIF-7 through a gate-opening mechanism. As a result, the direct production of the pure alkene upon adsorption and the pure alkane upon desorption in packed columns is possible. Herein, a detailed investigation of the step-wise adsorption and separation of alkanes and alkenes is presented, together with a rigorous performance assessment. A molecular picture of the gate-opening mechanism underlying the unprecedented selectivity towards alkane adsorption is proposed based on DFT calculations and a thermodynamic analysis of the adsorption-desorption isotherms.
[Occurrence of markers, distribution of genotypes and risk factors for viral hepatitis C among some groups of the population in the Novosibirsk region]. (2005)

The occurrence of markers, genotypic variability of isolates and risk factors for viral hepatitis C (HCV) were studied in 4 groups of residents of the Novosibirsk region (altogether 2,000 persons). Anti-HCV IgG were detected within the range from 4.6% among medical personnel to 48% among the patients of the drug-abuse clinic. The detection rate of HCV RNA in seropositive samples varied from 79.3% to 86.3%. The determination of genotype was carried out for 388 isolates: 1b--50.3%, 2a--4.4%, 2c--0.3%, 3a--44.8%. The highest risk indices with respect to HCV among the residents of the region were linked with the drug use (OR=77.5; p<0.05) as well as with risky behavior and low social status. The elevated numbers of seropositive persons were detected among unemployed (OR=16.3), alcohol abusers (OR=3.9), persons having more than 4 sex partners in their lifetime (OR=4.3) and persons having homosexual contacts (OR=6.6). In some groups blood transfusions also played a definite role in the transmission of HCV. In the analysis, carried out separately for two different genotypes the intravenous use of drugs was perceptibly stronger linked with VHC of genotype 3 (OR=85.5) in comparison with HCV of genotype 1 (OR=49.3) and genotype 2 (OR=41.1). Genotype 1 prevailed in the older age group and genotype 3, among young people.
Neutrophil‐T cell crosstalk and the control of the host inflammatory response (2022)

While fundamental in their innate role in combating infection and responding to injury, neutrophils are emerging as key modulators of adaptive immune responses. Such functions are attained via both soluble and nonsoluble effectors that enable at least two major downstream outcomes: first, to mediate and control acute inflammatory responses and second, to regulate adaptive immunity and ultimately promoting the development and maintenance of immune tolerance either by releasing immuno-modulatory factors, including cytokines, or by directly interacting with cells of the adaptive immune system. Herein, we review these novel properties of neutrophils and redefine the pathophysiological functions of these fascinating multi-tasking cells, exploring the different mechanisms through which neutrophils are able to either enhance and orchestrate T cell pro-inflammatory responses or inhibit T cell activity to maintain immune tolerance.
The Translational Mindset Is Essential for Taking Tissue-Engineered Therapeutics from Lab to Clinic (2022)

Many academic researchers are familiar with the technical challenges inherent in creating patient-specific, tissue-engineered therapeutics for clinical applications. However, for the potential of these products to mature into clinical practice and the profound possibilities to be realized, developers must apply not only technical expertise but also a comprehensive translational strategy─making a product marketable, scalable, manufacturable, and approvable by regulators, while providing genuine advantages to patients. Here, we provide a brief overview of three crucial steps for successful translation: adoption of a "translational mindset," consideration of three categories of core challenges (economic, regulatory, and manufacturing), and detailed planning at the earliest stages of development.
iSchlenk: Portable Equipment for Hands-On Instruction in Air-/Moisture-Sensitive Syringe, Cannula, and Schlenk Techniques (2018)

iSchlenk, a portable instructional cart with equipment for hands-on student experience in safe handling of air-sensitive, moisture-sensitive, toxic, pyrophoric, and/or radioactive chemical materials, is described. The cart, for use by ≤4 students, has compressed air and vacuum from a diaphragm vacuum pump supplied to 4 three-port Schlenk lines with double-oblique glass stopcocks. Air pressure is adjusted by a pressure-release mineral oil bubbler. The cart’s drawers contain glassware and equipment (polypropylene and glass syringes, deflected-point needles, cannula, rubber septa, Schlenk flasks, Schlenk fritted funnels, pour tubes, gas-inlet adapters) for instruction in liquid transfer (syringe, cannula, pour tube) and basic Schlenk techniques. Water serves as the simulant for pyrophoric liquids, compressed air for inert gases, and fine sand for insolubles. The results of anonymous (coded by student) written assessments, before and after student use of iSchlenk, are presented. iSchlenk design criteria and construction, classroom/laboratory implementations in an undergraduate advanced inorganic chemistry laboratory course and in a graduate lecture course in organometallic chemistry, and an assessment instrument for undergraduate and graduate student mastery of safe Schlenk, cannula, and syringe techniques is discussed.
Anisotropic superconductivity of niobium based on its response to nonmagnetic disorder (2022)

Niobium is one of the most studied superconductors, both theoretically and experimentally. It is tremendously important for applications, and it has the highest superconducting transition temperature, ${T}_{c}=9.32$ K, of all pure metals. In addition to power applications in alloys, pure niobium is used for sensitive magnetosensing, radio-frequency cavities, and, more recently, as circuit metallization layers in superconducting qubits. A detailed understanding of its electronic and superconducting structure, especially its normal and superconducting state anisotropies, is crucial for mitigating the loss of quantum coherence in such devices. Recently, a microscopic theory of the anisotropic properties of niobium with the disorder was put forward. To verify theoretical predictions, we studied the effect of disorder produced by 3.5 MeV proton irradiation of thin Nb films grown by the same team and using the same protocols as those used in transmon qubits. By measuring the superconducting transition temperature and upper critical fields, we show a clear suppression of ${T}_{c}$ by potential (nonmagnetic) scattering, which is directly related to the anisotropic order parameter. We obtain a very close quantitative agreement between the theory and the experiment.
ABCB1 and ABCG2 Overexpression Mediates Resistance to the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Inhibitor HS-173 in Cancer Cell Lines (2023)

Constitutive activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is crucial for tumor growth and progression. As such, this pathway has been an enticing target for drug discovery. Although HS-173 is a potent PI3K inhibitor that halts cancer cell proliferation via G2/M cell cycle arrest, the resistance mechanisms to HS-173 have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of HS-173 to efflux mediated by the multidrug efflux transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2, which are two of the most well-known ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters associated with the development of cancer multidrug resistance (MDR). We found that the overexpression of ABCB1 or ABCG2 significantly reduced the efficacy of HS-173 in human cancer cells. Our data show that the intracellular accumulation of HS-173 was substantially reduced by ABCB1 and ABCG2, affecting G2/M arrest and apoptosis induced by HS-173. More importantly, the efficacy of HS-173 in multidrug-resistant cancer cells could be recovered by inhibiting the drug-efflux function of ABCB1 and ABCG2. Taken together, our study has demonstrated that HS-173 is a substrate for both ABCB1 and ABCG2, resulting in decreased intracellular concentration of this drug, which may have implications for its clinical use.
Chess on a hypercube (1988)

We report our progress on computer chess last described at the Second Conference on Hypercubes. Our program follows the strategy of currently successful sequential chess programs: searching of an alpha-beta pruned game tree, iterative deepening, transposition and history tables, specialized endgame evaluators, and so on. The search tree is decomposed onto the hypercube (an NCUBE) using a recursive version of the principal-variation-splitting algorithm. Roughly speaking, subtrees are searched by teams of processors in a self-scheduled manner.
Time Encoding Using the Hyperbolic Secant Kernel (2020)

We investigate the problem of reconstructing signals with finite rate of innovation from non-uniform samples obtained using an integrate-and-fire system. We assume that the signal is first filtered using the derivative of a hyperbolic secant as a sampling kernel. Timing information is then obtained using an integrator and a threshold detector. The reconstruction method we propose achieves perfect reconstruction of streams of K Diracs at arbitrary time locations, or equivalently piecewise constant signals with discontinuities at arbitrary time locations, using as few as 3K+1 non-uniform samples.
Clinical Pearls (2012)

Telemedicine could be one answer to the growing demand for hospital intensivists. It has already been shown to improve survival and prevent intensive care unit (ICU) complications by providing direct, continuous monitoring of patients by trained intensivists who are available when in-house staff are not. However, for telemedicine to work, effective communication between the telemedicine staff and bedside nurses is essential.Mullen-Fortino et al looked at bedside nurses’ satisfaction with telemedicine services. Generally, respondents endorsed the idea that telemedicine has a positive effect on patient outcomes. However, actual contact between nurses and telemedicine staff was rare. The authors recommended the following ways a hospital can improve nurses’ satisfaction with telemedicine:—Alethea Sment,rn, bsn, ccrn-cscSee Article, pp 24–32Families in the ICU setting are forced to function outside their “normal” family roles. With no agreed upon scripts for behavior, informal roles emerge. Quinn et al describe the following family roles during end-of-life decision making and suggest ways to assist:—Karen Johnson,rn, phdSee Article, pp 43–51Burns et al compared the 26 factors of the Burns Wean Assessment Program (BWAP) checklist to weaning success in adult patients who were mechanically ventilated. They found the following:Overall, the BWAP is a useful clinical tool to help address factors that affect successful weaning.—Elisabeth George,rn, phdSee Article, pp 52–59Limited data exist on demographic differences in trauma, especially for outcomes of inflammatory conditions. NeSmith et al found the following:These findings suggest that African American patients may have a reduced or “blunted” systemic inflammatory response to trauma that may be related to the chronic stress experienced by minority groups. To improve trauma outcomes, treatment protocols may need to be tailored to individual differences.—Helen Miley,rn, phd, acnp, gnpSee Article, pp 35–42Acute liver failure is associated with numerous life-threatening sequelae. Holena et al describe a patient with acute liver failure who, despite conventional therapy and liver transplantation, had persistent intracranial hypertension (IH) responsive to therapeutic hypothermia.Use of hypothermia to reduce liver failure induced IH requires further investigation. After weighing potential risks and benefits, hypothermia might be cautiously considered to treat refractory IH after liver transplantation.Karen McQuillan,rn, ms, cns-bc, ccrn, cnrnSee Article, pp 75,72–74
SYNFORM ISSUE 2015/11 (2015)

Once again this Editorial comes at a very busy time, so that's me writing it during the "lunch break" (what I mean by that is swallowing a packet of oatcakes, a couple of cheese chunks and an apple while desperately typing on a keyboard, exactly what we are advised not to do by nutrition experts…) while keeping an eye on the watch because the next meeting is already looming.Tough life, isn't it?But it's still a lot of fun, as long as administration work remains a minor share and research continues to rule in my diary (hopefully the senior management won't read this Editorial, otherwise I might find myself flooded with administration from the next Monday…).Let's have a look at the content of this November 2015 issue of Synform then.A new YCF article opens the issue, featuring M. J. Fuchter (UK) who answers the usual 5 questions in a very exhaustive and entertaining manner (thanks Matthew!).The next SynStory covers a topic which is very close to my heart: the synthesis of barbiturates, a fascinating class of bioactive molecules with a long tradition in chemistry.These molecules look structurally simple, but believe me, their synthesis is not!So the new synthetic approach developed by H. W. Lam (UK) is more than welcome as it will make 5-aryl-barbiturates way more accessible.The third SynStory is absolutely fascinating and combines recent advances in synthetic methodology with intriguing aspects of the history of chemistry, expanding on a recent article published in SYNTHESIS by A. Giannis (Germany).I definitely urge you to read it!The issue is closed by a SynStory based on an interesting SYNLETT article, a contribution from the big pharma industry, presenting a new synthesis of functionalized cyclic imines developed by T. A. Moss (UK).Lunch break is over, someone is knocking on my door… Enjoy your reading!
Chloroquine-containing compounds: a patent review (2010 – 2014) (2015)

Repurposing efforts have dominantly focused on racemic CQ with no studies exploring the effect of the (R) and (S) enantiomers, which might potentially have additional benefits in other diseases. Additionally, evaluating other similarly acting antimalarials in clinical use and structural analogs could help maximize the intrinsic value of the 4-aminoquinolines. With regard to cancer therapy, successful repurposing of CQ-containing compounds will require linking the mode of action of these antimalarials with the signaling pathways that drive cancer cell proliferation to facilitate the development of a 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline that can be used as a synergistic partner in anticancer combination chemotherapy.
Editorial Comments (1984)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Aug 1984Editorial Comments Anthony J. Schaeffer Anthony J. SchaefferAnthony J. Schaeffer More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)49593-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comments." The Journal of Urology, 132(2), p. 281 © 1984 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 132Issue 2August 1984Page: 281 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1984 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony J. Schaeffer More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
The Cost of Expression of Escherichia coli lac Operon Proteins Is in the Process, Not in the Products (2008)

Transcriptional regulatory networks allow bacteria to express proteins only when they are needed. Adaptive hypotheses explaining the evolution of regulatory networks assume that unneeded expression is costly and therefore decreases fitness, but the proximate cause of this cost is not clear. We show that the cost in fitness to Escherichia coli strains constitutively expressing the lactose operon when lactose is absent is associated with the process of making the lac gene products, i.e., associated with the acts of transcription and/or translation. These results reject the hypotheses that regulation exists to prevent the waste of amino acids in useless protein or the detrimental activity of unnecessary proteins. While the cost of the process of protein expression occurs in all of the environments that we tested, the expression of the lactose permease could be costly or beneficial, depending on the environment. Our results identify the basis of a single selective pressure likely acting across the entire E. coli transcriptome.
Evaluation of the Outgassing from Resists at the EUV Wavelength. (2001)

One of the important issues in EUVL is the outgassing problem because the contamination caused by the resist outgassing decreases the reflectivity of the reflective mask and the imaging optics. In this report, we evaluated the resist and resin ougassing at EUV wavelength by the quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) and the adhesion to surface of Mo/Si substrate or Si substrate from outgassing by the time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The samples were four typical kinds of polymers.As a result of QMS-measurement, it was found that the mainly outgassing species detected are carbon oxide (28 amu) and hydrocarbon.As a result of TOF-SIMS measurement, Si (28) due to the substrate were mainly detected in spite of resist or resin sample. TOF-SIMS data have not interrelation to QMS data for these experiments. So, it was found that outgassing materials detected by QMS are little on the surface of the Mo/Si or Si substrate.
Metabolism of Ferulic Acid to Vanillin (1998)

A gene encoding a novel enoyl-SCoA hydratase/lyase enzyme for the hydration and nonoxidative cleavage of feruloyl-SCoA to vanillin and acetyl-SCoA was isolated and characterized from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Feruloyl-SCoA is the CoASH thioester of ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-trans-cinnamic acid), an abundant constituent of plant cell walls and a degradation product of lignin. The gene was isolated by a combination of mutant complementation and biochemical approaches, and its function was demonstrated by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli under the control of a T7 RNA polymerase promoter. The gene product is a member of the enoyl-SCoA hydratase/isomerase superfamily.
Platelet derived wound healing factors (PDWHF) accelerate and augment wound healing angiogenesis in the rat. (1994)

The object of this study was to determine the effect of PDWHF on wound healing angiogenesis. Sponges saturated with PDWHF were implanted in rats. Six hours to 14 days post-implantation, vascular corrosion casts were prepared and examined by SEM. Leukocyte margination and angiogenesis was accelerated by 24-48 hours. Vessel number was also greater than in the controls. Another series of PDWHF treated sponges were implanted. Fourteen days later the vasculature was perfused with Evans blue. Sponges were homogenized, and absorbance of the supernatants was determined. Absorbances of PDWHF supernatants was 2X greater than controls. PDWHF enhanced wound healing angiogenesis in the rat.
Differentiation of Motor Cortical Representation of Hand Muscles by Navigated Mapping of Optimal TMS Current Directions in Healthy Subjects (2013)

The precision of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to map the human primary motor cortex may be effected by the direction of TMS-induced current in the brain as determined by the orientation of the stimulation coil. In this study, the authors investigated the effect of current directionality on motor output mapping using navigated brain stimulation. The goal of this study was to determine the optimal coil orientation (and, thus, induced brain current) to activate hand musculature representations relative to each subject's unique neuroanatomical landmarks. The authors studied motor output maps for the first dorsal interosseous, abductor pollicis brevis, and abductor digiti minimi muscles in 10 normal volunteers. Monopolar current pulses were delivered through a figure-of-eight-shaped TMS coil, and motor evoked potentials were recorded using electromyography. At each targeted brain region, the authors systematically rotated the TMS coil to determine the direction of induced current in the brain for induction of the largest motor evoked potentials. These optimal current directions were expressed as an angle relative to each subject's central sulcus. Consistency of the optimal current direction was assessed by repeating the entire mapping procedure on two different occasions across subjects. The authors demonstrate that systematic optimization of current direction as guided by MRI-based neuronavigation improves the resolution of cortical output motor mapping with TMS.