gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the Percutaneous Absorption of Permethrin in Humans Using the Parallelogram Method (2011)

The objective of this study was to develop an estimate of the percent dermal absorption of permethrin in humans to provide more accurate estimates of potential systemically absorbed dose associated with dermal exposure scenarios. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was used as a reference compound. The human percutaneous absorption estimate was based on the assumption that the ratio of in vivo dermal absorption (expressed as a percentage during a given time period) of permethrin through rat skin to in vitro dermal absorption through rat skin was the same as the ratio of in vivo dermal absorption in humans to in vitro dermal absorption with human skin, known as the parallelogram method. The ratio of dermal absorption by in vitro rat skin to absorption by in vitro human skin ranged from 6.7 to 15.4 (for a 24-h exposure period) with an average of 11. Data suggest in vivo human dermal absorption values for permethrin ranging from 1.4 to 3.3% when estimated based on 24-h in vivo rat values, and 2.5 to 5.7% based on 5-d in vivo rat values. The parallelogram method used to estimate dermal absorption of permethrin and PBO is supported by results from several other compounds for which in vivo and in vitro rat and human dermal absorption data exist. Collectively, these data indicate that estimating human dermal absorption from in vitro human and rat plus in vivo rat data are typically accurate within ±3-fold of the values measured in human subjects.
Fibroblast spreading and phagocytosis: Similar cell responses to different‐sized substrata (1984)

Experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that cell spreading and phagocytosis are similar cell responses to different-sized substrata. The following morphological and biochemical studies provided evidence for this supposition. Cells phagocytosed 1.09-micron and 5.7-micron latex beads, but were unable to completely ingest 15.8-micron or 25.7-micron beads. With the larger beads, the cells spread around the bead surfaces with an appearance typical of cells spread on culture dishes. Biochemical studies with cytochalasin D, azide, and iodoacetate, as well as temperature-dependence studies, demonstrated similar responses of cell spreading and phagocytosis to these treatments. Similar cell surface receptors were involved in cell spreading and phagocytosis based upon experiments using antibodies to baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell wheat germ agglutinin receptors. And finally, BHK cell variants with defective plasma fibronectin (pFN) receptors were unable to spread on pFN-coated dishes or ingest pFN-coated beads. Evidence also is presented concerning the "contact" process in cell adhesion. It was found that azide and low temperature inhibited cell attachment per se but did not block fibronectin-receptor interactions based upon cell binding of pFN-coated beads. A possible explanation for the contact process is presented based upon the resistance of cells and beads to shear forces.
DC-SIMD : Dynamic communication for SIMD processors (2008)

SIMD (single instruction multiple data)-type processors have been found very efficient in image processing applications, because their repetitive structure is able to exploit the huge amount of data-level parallelism in pixel-type operations, operating at a relatively low energy consumption rate. However, current SIMD architectures lack support for dynamic communication between processing elements, which is needed to efficiently map a set of non-linear algorithms. An architecture for dynamic communication support has been proposed, but this architecture needs large amounts of buffering to function properly. In this paper, three architectures supporting dynamic communication without the need of large amounts of buffering are presented, requiring 98% less buffer space. Cycle-true communication architecture simulators have been developed to accurately predict the performance of the different architectures. Simulations with several test algorithms have shown a performance improvement of up to 5x compared to a locally connected SIMD-processor. Also, detailed area models have been developed, estimating the three proposed architectures to have an area overhead of 30-70% compared to a locally connected SIMD architecture (like the IMAP). When memory is taken into account as well, the overhead is estimated to be 13-28%.
Contextual awareness: Understanding monologic natural language instructions for autonomous robots (2017)

Today, there are many examples of humans and robots regularly interacting in a variety of domains, such as manufacturing, coordinated assembly, and rehabilitation. A resulting demand for more generally accessible communication interfaces has motivated several recent independent research efforts focused on providing robotic systems with a robust natural language interface. Natural language interfaces enable intuitive interaction for untrained and non-expert users. However, achieving real-time performance is particularly challenging, yet essential, to enable flexible, efficient communication. The length of the language input directly impacts the run-time performance and quickly becomes a practical issue when the input is a sequence of multiple sentences, or a monologue. In this work, we propose a variant of a contemporary probabilistic graphical model for language understanding that introduces novel segmentation of the input into a sequence of sentences to be labeled in order. We introduce the notion of a continuously updated prior context that retains the meaning of previous sentences as the inference process proceeds. This prior context serves as evidence during future sentence evaluations. We evaluate our model on two natural language corpora, and demonstrate its utility on a Clearpath Husky A200 mobile manipulator and a simulated Rethink Robotics Baxter Robot.
Morphofunctional Alterations in Endocrine Pancreas of Short- and Long-term Dexamethasone-treated Rats (2011)

Long-term dexamethasone therapy may induce peripheral insulin resistance (IR), which in turn elicits increased beta-cell function and proliferation. However, whether such adaptive compensations occur during short-term treatment with dexamethasone is unclear. Here, we compared morphofunctional parameters in endocrine pancreas after short- and long-term dexamethasone administration. Groups of rats received daily i. p. injection of 1 mg/kg b. w. dexamethasone for 1 (DEX-1), 3 (DEX-3), or 5 consecutive days (DEX-5), whilst control rats were saline-treated (CTL). Despite the absence of apparent IR in DEX-1 rats, this group exhibited increased circulating insulin levels and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), compared to the CTL group (p<0.05). Evident IR as well as marked hyperinsulinemia and GSIS, as judged by the static and dynamic insulin secretion values, were observed in DEX-3 and DEX-5 rats (p<0.05). GSIS in islets cultured with 1 μM dexamethasone was lower compared to the control (p<0.05). Marked increases in beta-cell proliferation were observed in DEX-3 and DEX-5 rats, compared to CTL and DEX-1 rats (p<0.05). The alterations observed in DEX-3 rats were more pronounced in DEX-5 rats, which also exhibited a higher content of islet Cdk4 and Cd2 proteins, compared to the CTL group (p<0.05). We conclude that short-term dexamethasone treatment (DEX-1) induces an increase in beta-cell function that does not require the presence of discernible IR. As the treatment continues, the IR develops rapidly, and increased insulin secretion as well as beta-cell hyperplasia is demanded for the appropriate maintenance of glucose homeostasis.
The Snaptic Paddle: A Modular Haptic Device (2005)

The haptic paddle was developed previously as an inexpensive haptic device for educational use, and has been applied to course topics such as dynamic systems and introductory controls. However, it has only a single degree of freedom, limiting it to very simple modeling and simulation exercises. Through modifications to the original haptic paddle design, a "snaptic paddle" has been created that allows two modular one-degree-of-freedom devices to be connected to form a single two-degree-of-freedom device that operates like a traditional joystick. The devices can also be used separately, creating a flexible, economical haptic interface for educational applications. The device successfully provides force feedback interaction, as will be shown in a demonstration at the World Haptics Conference.
Clinical Significance and Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Heart Failure (1994)

Ventricular arrhythmias are a frequent finding in patients with heart failure, and heart failure is a major underlying condition which is correlated to sudden death. Therefore, both sudden death and death from progression of heart failure strongly overlap. Besides long-term ECG recording, newer diagnostic techniques have been developed. The prognostic significance of the signal-averaged ECG in patients with advanced left ventricular dysfunction in the presence of coronary artery disease has been demonstrated; however, in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, signal-averaging for detection of late potentials has not yet been clearly established as a useful diagnostic tool. Furthermore, heart period variability has been shown to correlate to overall mortality but not to a specific mechanism. Finally, programmed ventricular stimulation, though useful in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and/or heart failure in the setting of coronary artery disease, is of questionable significance in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. With increasing degrees of left ventricular dysfunction, the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs decreases. On the other hand, with increasing degrees of heart failure, antiarrhythmic drugs demonstrate a greater negative inotropic effect, more frequent proarrhythmic effects, and more frequent bradyarrhythmias. Currently, several ongoing amiodarone trials are assessing different approaches of antiarrhythmic treatment in patients with heart failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ETORPHINE–KETAMINE–MEDETOMIDINE TOTAL INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA IN WILD IMPALA (AEPYCEROS MELAMPUS) OF 120-MINUTE DURATION (2015)

There is a growing necessity to perform long-term anesthesia in wildlife, especially antelope. The costs and logistics of transporting wildlife to veterinary practices make surgical intervention a high-stakes operation. Thus there is a need for a field-ready total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) infusion to maintain anesthesia in antelope. This study explored the feasibility of an etorphine-ketamine-medetomidine TIVA for field anesthesia. Ten wild-caught, adult impala ( Aepyceros melampus ) were enrolled in the study. Impala were immobilized with a standardized combination of etorphine (2 mg) and medetomidine (2.2 mg), which equated to a median (interquartile range [IQR]) etorphine and medetomidine dose of 50.1 (46.2-50.3) and 55.1 (50.8-55.4) μg/kg, respectively. Recumbency was attained in a median (IQR) time of 13.9 (12.0-16.5) min. Respiratory gas tensions, spirometry, and arterial blood gas were analyzed over a 120-min infusion. Once instrumented, the TIVA was infused as follows: etorphine at a variable rate initiated at 40 μg/kg per hour (adjusted according to intermittent deep-pain testing); ketamine and medetomidine at a fixed rate of 1.5 mg/kg per hour and 5 μg/kg per hour, respectively. The etorphine had an erratic titration to clinical effect in four impala. Arterial blood pressure and respiratory and heart rates were all within normal physiological ranges. However, arterial blood gas analysis revealed severe hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and acidosis. Oxygenation and ventilation indices were calculated and highlighted possible co-etiologies to the suspected etorphine-induced respiratory depression as the cause of the blood gas derangements. Impala recovered in the boma post atipamezole (13 mg) and naltrexone (42 mg) antagonism of medetomidine and etorphine, respectively. The etorphine-ketamine-medetomidine TIVA protocol for impala may be sufficient for field procedures of up to 120-min duration. However, hypoxemia and hypercapnia are of paramount concern and thus oxygen supplementation should be considered mandatory. Other TIVA combinations may be superior and warrant further investigation.
A multi-banked shared-l1 cache architecture for tightly coupled processor clusters (2012)

A shared-L1 cache architecture is proposed for tightly coupled processor clusters. Sharing an L1 tightly coupled data memory (TCDM) among a significant (up to 16) number of processors is challenging in terms of speed. Sharing L1 cache is even more challenging, since operation is more complex, as it eases programming. The feasibility in terms of performance of shared TCDM was shown in ST Microelectronics platform 2012, but the performance cost of supporting shared L1 cache remains to be proven. In this paper we show that replacing TCDM with a multi-banked shared-L1 cache imposes limited speed overhead. Of course, it comes at the cost of area and power. We explore the shared L1 cache architecture in terms of number of processing elements (PEs) and cache banks. Experimental results show that our multi-banked shared-L1 cache can operate with almost the same frequency as that of related TCDM architecture if the cache controller uses a cache line of 4 words. Results also show that, the area overhead with respect to TCDM is less than 18% for a cluster containing 16 Leon3 processors and 32 cache banks. We also show that the overhead on MIPS/Watt and MIPS/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is from 5% to 30% depending on the size of processor in the cluster for a 16×32 configuration (16 cores and 32 cache/memory banks).
Crystal-structure refinement of stottite, FeGe(OH) 6 (1988)

Cristallisation dans P4 2 /n. Confirmation de la structure decrite par Strunz: alternance d'octaedres Fe(OH) 6 et Ge(OH) 6 relies par un sommet, dans un reseau tridimensionnel. La baisse de symetrie par rapport a un systeme cubique est accomplie par rotation rigide de ces polyedres. Les longueurs de liaison Fe−O et Ge−O sont respectivement de 2,159 A et 1,910 A
Research on control strategy and bench test of automobile Steer-by-Wire system (2008)

Steering by Wire system is a revolution of steering system structure and function.lt cuts off the mechanical connection between steering wheel and steered wheels ,controls the steering motor to steer front wheels actively so as to improve handling and stabilities and active safety,and controls steering wheel motor to supply the driver with ideal road feel. First, driver-vehicle-road closed loop models of Steering by Wire system are built based on Matlab/Simulink.Model parameters are optimized using genetic algorithm. Upper control strategies of Steering by Wire system include active steering control strategy ,which include feed forward type and feedback type,and road feel control strategy. Steering ratios under different velocities are optimized by genetic algorithm with closed -loop total variance as fitness function in feed forward type of steering control strategy.Yaw rate is feedback to increase system damp and bandwidth and improve stability in feedback type of steering control strategy. One road feel control strategy adjusts steering wheel feedback torque according to steering wheel angle and velocity .In the other road feel control strategy,tire restoring torque is estimated to supply the driver with appropriate road feel.Evaluation of road feel is analyzed. In lower control strategy,PID control is adopted to control steering motor to realize target front wheel angles determined by active steering control strategy and controls front wheel motor to realize target steering wheel feedback torques determined by road feel control strategy. Finally, Steering by Wire system bench test is conducted to evaluate both steering and road feel control strategies.
Handshake Feedback in a Haptic Glove using NOVEC7000 Fluids (2020)

Nowadays, social networks services have made it possible for us to talk each other without seeing in person. And the sense of each other’s presence is becoming less and less. One of the examples of touching is handshake. Handshake is the basis of communication. To reproduce the behavior of handshake, we made tactile gloves. we used pouches inside of the glove to apply pressure. To do so, we made a pouch with a liquid called NOVEC, whose boiling point is 34°C. Firstly, we measured the pressure distribution of the handshake. Next, we adjusted the size and placement of the pouch. Lastly, I adjusted the amount of NOVEC in the pouch. As a result, artificial pressure could be measured from the pouch with NOVEC. This approach is expected to be applied to other chances besides handshake.
BitVisor (2009)

Virtual machine monitors (VMMs), including hypervisors, are a popular platform for implementing various security functionalities. However, traditional VMMs require numerous components for providing virtual hardware devices and for sharing and protecting system resources among virtual machines (VMs), enlarging the code size of and reducing the reliability of the VMMs.This paper introduces a hypervisor architecture, called parapass-through, designed to minimize the code size of hypervisors by allowing most of the I/O access from the guest operating system (OS) to pass-through the hypervisor, while the minimum access necessary to implement security functionalities is completely mediated by the hypervisor. This architecture uses device drivers of the guest OS to handle devices, thereby reducing the size of components in the hypervisor to provide virtual devices. This architecture also allows to run only single VM on it, eliminating the components for sharing and protecting system resources among VMs.We implemented a hypervisor called BitVisor and a parapass-through driver for enforcing storage encryption of ATA devices based on the parapass-through architecture. The experimental result reveals that the hypervisor and ATA driver require approximately 20 kilo lines of code (KLOC) and 1.4 KLOC respectively.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Increased IGF-1 in muscle modulates the phenotype of severe SMA mice. (2011)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited motor neuron disease caused by the mutation of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene and deficiency of the SMN protein. Severe SMA mice have abnormal motor function and small, immature myofibers early in development suggesting that SMN protein deficiency results in retarded muscle growth. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) stimulates myoblast proliferation, induces myogenic differentiation and generates myocyte hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesized that increased expression of IGF-1 specifically in skeletal muscle would attenuate disease features of SMAΔ7 mice. SMAΔ7 mice overexpressing a local isoform of IGF-1 (mIGF-1) in muscle showed enlarged myofibers and a 40% increase in median survival compared with mIGF-1-negative SMA littermates (median survival = 14 versus 10 days, respectively, log-rank P = 0.025). Surprisingly, this was not associated with a significant improvement in motor behavior. Treatment of both mIGF-1(NEG) and mIGF-1(POS) SMA mice with the histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), resulted in a further extension of survival and improved motor behavior, but the combination of mIGF-1 and TSA treatment was not synergistic. These results show that increased mIGF-1 expression restricted to muscle can modulate the phenotype of SMA mice indicating that therapeutics targeted to muscle alone should not be discounted as potential disease-modifying therapies in SMA. IGF-1 may warrant further investigation in mild SMA animal models and perhaps SMA patients. PMID: 21325354 Funding information This work was supported by: NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS062869 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, United States NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS062869-01A1 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01NS062869 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS062869-02
Fast 3-D Tomographic Microwave Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection (2012)

Microwave breast imaging (using electromagnetic waves of frequencies around 1 GHz) has mostly remained at the research level for the past decade, gaining little clinical acceptance. The major hurdles limiting patient use are both at the hardware level (challenges in collecting accurate and noncorrupted data) and software level (often plagued by unrealistic reconstruction times in the tens of hours). In this paper we report improvements that address both issues. First, the hardware is able to measure signals down to levels compatible with sub-centimeter image resolution while keeping an exam time under 2 min. Second, the software overcomes the enormous time burden and produces similarly accurate images in less than 20 min. The combination of the new hardware and software allows us to produce and report here the first clinical 3-D microwave tomographic images of the breast. Two clinical examples are selected out of 400+ exams conducted at the Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center (Lebanon, NH). The first example demonstrates the potential usefulness of our system for breast cancer screening while the second example focuses on therapy monitoring.
Epigenetic dysregulation of the erythropoietic transcription factor KLF1 and the β-like globin locus in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (2017)

Increased levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) are a hallmark of more than half of the children diagnosed with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Elevated HbF levels in JMML are associated with DNA hypermethylation of distinct gene promoter regions in leukemic cells. Since the regulation of globin gene transcription is known to be under epigenetic control, we set out to study the relation of DNA methylation patterns at β-/γ-globin promoters, mRNA and protein expression of globins, and epigenetic modifications of genes encoding the globin-regulatory transcription factors BCL11A and KLF1 in nucleated erythropoietic precursor cells of patients with JMML. We describe several altered epigenetic components resulting in disordered globin synthesis in JMML. We identify a cis-regulatory upstream KLF1 enhancer sequence as highly sensitive to DNA methylation and frequently hypermethylated in JMML. The data indicate that the dysregulation of β-like globin genes is a genuine attribute of the leukemic cell clone in JMML and involves mechanisms not taking part in the normal fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switch.
Figure S2 from Efficacy of Onalespib, a Long-Acting Second-Generation HSP90 Inhibitor, as a Single Agent and in Combination with Temozolomide against Malignant Gliomas (2023)

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Modeling Fragrance Components Release from a Simplified Matrix Used in Toiletries and Household Products (2015)

A new methodology based on Henry’s law is proposed for modeling the release of fragrances from a simplified matrix commonly used in consumer products’ formulations. For that purpose, different mixtures were formulated containing one, two, three, or four fragrance ingredients diluted in dipropylene glycol (simplified matrix). Headspace concentrations were measured to estimate Henry’s constants (H) for each fragrance component in all mixtures. The individual Henry’s constants for multicomponent fragrance mixtures were also predicted from the ones measured for each single compound diluted in the matrix. Furthermore, we used a model that combines the UNIFAC group-contribution method with the modified Raoult’s law and the psychophysicals Stevens’ power law and strongest component model to predict the perceived odor intensity and character, respectively. Results showed a strong linear relationship between experimental H for single fragrances and experimental H for binary (r2 = 0.998), ternary (r2 = 0.997), and quaternary (r2 = 0.996) fragrance mixtures. This new approach can bring a relevant advantage to the preformulation process by reducing time and cost associated with trial-and-error experiments.