gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS OF PRECURSORS FOR NEW PYRIMIDINE ACYCLO-C-NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES BY RING TRANSFORMATION OF 2-FORMYLGALACTAL *,† (2002)

Reactions of 2-formylgalactal 1, presented as an unsaturated sugar derivative with push-pull functionalization, with guanidinium and amidinium salts, respectively, were carried out under basic conditions to furnish the substituted 5-(1,2,4-tri-O-benzyl-d-lyxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)pyrimidines 2–4. Treatment of 1 with 2-aminobenzimidazole and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, respectively, afforded 3-(1,2,4-tri-O-benzyl-d-lyxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine (5) and 6-(1,2,4-tri-O-benzyl-d-lyxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (6).
Temporal Contrastive Pretraining for Video Action Recognition (2020)

In this paper, we propose a self-supervised method for video representation learning based on Contrastive Predictive Coding (CPC) [27]. Previously, CPC has been used to learn representations for different signals (audio, text or image). It benefits from the use of an autoregressive modeling and contrastive estimation to learn long-term relations inside raw signal while remaining robust to local noise. Our self-supervised task consists in predicting the latent representation of future segments of the video. As opposed to generative models, predicting directly in the feature space is easier and avoid incertitude problems for long-term predictions. Today, using CPC to learn representations for videos remains challenging due to the structure and the high dimensionality of the signal. We demonstrate experimentally that the representations learned by the network are useful for action recognition. We test it with different input types such as optical flows, image differences and raw images on different datasets (UCF-101 and HMDB51). It gives consistent results across the modalities. At last, we notice the utility of our pre-training method by achieving competitive results for action recognition using few labeled data.
Intake and Digestibility of ‘Coastal’ Bermudagrass Hay from Treated Swine Waste Using Subsurface Drip Irrigation (2009)

Waste handling systems for confined swine production in the upper South (approximately 32-37 degrees N and 79-93 degrees W) depend mainly on anaerobic lagoons and application of the waste effluent to cropland. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of 'Coastal' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] hay receiving effluent generated from a raw swine waste treatment system designed to reduce P and K concentrations and delivered by subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) compared with hay produced from commercial N fertilizer. Eight treatments, consisting of commercial N fertilizer or effluent, each irrigated at two irrigation rates (75 and 100% of estimated evapotranspiration) and two lateral spacings (0.6 and 1.2 m), were compared with a control treatment of commercial N fertilizer without irrigation. Three harvests were taken in each of 2 yr and five of the six evaluated using wether sheep (30-45 kg). Greatest dry matter intake (DMI) per unit body weight occurred for the control vs. all irrigated treatments (1.94 vs. 1.77 kg 100(-1) kg; P = 0.02; SEM = 0.11). Among irrigated treatments, DMI was greatest from commercial N vs. effluent (1.81 vs. 1.71 kg 100(-1) kg; P = 0.05; SEM = 0.11). Dry matter intake was similar for the 75% rate treatments and the non-irrigated treatment (mean, 1.87 kg 100(-1) kg) but was reduced for the 100% rate (1.94 vs. 1.72 kg 100(-1) kg; P = 0.03; SEM = 0.11). Hay from the 75% rate was more digestible than hay from the 100% rate (527 vs. 508 g kg(-1); P = 0.03; SEM = 21). The SDI system functioned well, and lateral spacing did not alter hay quality. Treated waste from a raw waste treatment system was readily delivered by SDI at the recommended rate to produce bermudagrass hay of adequate quality for ruminant production systems.
Youth with type 2 diabetes have a high rate of treatment failure after discontinuation of insulin: A Pediatric Diabetes Consortium study (2022)

Insulin is commonly used to reverse gluco-toxicity in youth with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D), but many are subsequently weaned off insulin. We analyzed Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC) data to determine how long glycemic control is maintained after termination of initial insulin treatment. Youth with T2D who had previously been on insulin but were on either an intensive lifestyle intervention alone or metformin alone upon enrollment in the PDC T2D Registry were studied (N = 183). The primary outcome was time to treatment failure, defined by need to restart insulin or metformin or another diabetes medication. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to assess risk factors for treatment failure. Of the 183 participants studied (mean age 15 years, diabetes duration 1.7 years), 54% experienced treatment failure (median follow-up time 1.7 years). In the subgroup on metformin monotherapy (N = 140), 45% subsequently required restart of insulin. Moreover, of participants in the subgroup treated with an intensive lifestyle intervention alone (N = 43), 81% restarted insulin or were treated with metformin or other diabetes medication. In both groups, median time to treatment failure was 1.2 years. Higher HbA1c at enrollment was significantly associated with treatment failure (p < 0.001). Youth with T2D who are initially treated with insulin have a high rate of treatment failure when switched to intensive lifestyle alone or metformin alone. Our data highlight the severe and progressive nature of youth onset T2D, hence patients should be monitored closely for deteriorating glycemic control after being weaned off insulin.
FTIR Study of Low-Temperature CO Adsorption on MgAl-Hydrotalcite and Its Calcined Forms (2003)

The evolution of the Lewis acidity of a MgAl hydrotalcite sample (Mg/Al ratio of 4) during thermal treatment in vacuo at different temperatures was followed by means of FTIR spectroscopy of CO adsorbed at 85 K. The materials were also characterized by XRD, TG-DTA, and BET measurements. It was found that samples activated up to 623 K are characterized by weakly acidic protonic sites, the density of which sharply decreases at higher activation temperatures. This is associated with the water loss of the sample around this temperature. Lewis acid sites are detected on the surface after activation at 573 K. Their concentration increases with the activation temperature up to 873 K and then slightly decreases due to the sample sintering. A separate MgO phase was detected only after 923 K activation. 12CO−13CO coadsorption experiments evidence a small dynamic shift of ν(CO) of 3.5 cm-1, which indicates that the Lewis acid sites are cations located on regular crystal planes.
Strategies and solutions to alleviate access block and overcrowding in emergency departments (2015)

Several evidence-based approaches have been identified from the literature and effective strategies to overcome the problem of access block and overcrowding of emergency departments may be formulated.
An adaptive control for UPS to compensate unbalance and harmonic distortion using a combined capacitor/load current approach (2004)

An adaptive controller for UPS to compensate for unbalance and harmonic distortion on the load is proposed. We propose to use a combined measurement of capacitor and load currents using the same current sensor for the purpose of, on the one hand, reaching a similar performance as that obtained in a capacitor current based controller, and on the other hand, to obtain an estimate of the load current for security purposes. Adaptation is included to cope with uncertainties in the system parameters. The controller is based on a frequency domain description of the periodic disturbances, which include both symmetric components, namely, the negative and positive sequence. And thus, allowing the treatment under unbalance operation, as well. As a consequence, the controller compensates only for a selected group of harmonic components, and thus, belonging to the family of selective control algorithms. Simulations are presented to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Are Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM/Vortex) States of Light Long-Lived in Fibers? (2011)

We study the evolution of OAM states in fibers, showing that they can be maintained over km-lengths with purity levels exceeding 94%. This suggests a novel means for encoding information in fiber-based quantum encryption links.
Optimization of Shape and Topology for Slotless Windings in BLDC Machines (2018)

Slotless windings are commonly used in small size high-speed electrical brushless DC machines. Unlike slotted windings, forced to follow slots direction, slotless windings can be freely arranged in the airgap. This represents several opportunities for optimization. Nevertheless, very little research is performed in this domain. The present paper intends to investigate the optimization of a given slotless winding leading to a significant increase of its performances. Indeed, by optimizing the shape and by selecting non-constant wire sections, the motor constant can be theoretically increased by 24%.
Perl and XML (2002)

Preface 1. Perl and XML Why Use Perl with XML? XML Is Simple with XML::Simple XML Processors A Myriad of Modules Keep in Mind... XML Gotchas 2. An XML Recap A Brief History of XML Markup, Elements, and Structure Namespaces Spacing Entities Unicode, Character Sets, and Encodings The XML Declaration Processing Instructions and Other Markup Free-Form XML and Well-Formed Documents Declaring Elements and Attributes Schemas Transformations 3. XML Basics: Reading and Writing XML Parsers XML::Parser Stream-Based Versus Tree-Based Processing Putting Parsers to Work XML::LibXML XML::XPath Document Validation XML::Writer Character Sets and Encodings 4. Event Streams Working with Streams Events and Handlers The Parser as Commodity Stream Applications XML::PYX XML::Parser 5. SAX SAX Event Handlers DTD Handlers External Entity Resolution Drivers for Non-XML Sources A Handler Base Class XML::Handler::YAWriter as a Base Handler Class XML::SAX: The Second Generation 6. Tree Processing XML Trees XML::Simple XML::Parser's Tree Mode XML::SimpleObject XML::TreeBuilder XML::Grove 7. DOM DOM and Perl DOM Class Interface Reference XML::DOM XML::LibXML 8. Beyond Trees: XPath, XSLT, and More Tree Climbers XPath XSLT Optimized Tree Processing 9. RSS, SOAP, and Other XML Applications XML Modules XML::RSS XML Programming Tools SOAP::Lite 10. Coding Strategies Perl and XML Namespaces Subclassing Converting XML to HTML with XSLT A Comics Index Index
A new method for the macro- and microdetermination of tri- and tetrathionate (1977)

A rapid and precise method is described for the determination of tri- and tetrathionate. It is based on oxidation of S 3 O 6 2− or S 4 O 6 2− with KMnO 4 in sulphuric acid medium in the presence of fluoride, required for preventing the formation of insoluble oxides of manganese. The optimum conditions for both the visual and potentiometric end-point detection are 0.1–0.16 M H 2 SO 4 and 0.24–0.38 M NaF. Trithionate is oxidized to sulphate as an end product, whereas the oxidation product of tetrathionate comprises dithionate and sulphate according to[Formula: see text]Examination of the potentiometric titrations and the spectrophotometric scans of samples being titrated showed the presence of intermediate equilibria in solution. The species produced are identified and a theory is given for the net reactions. The method is thoroughly dependable for the determination of amounts of S 3 O 6 2− or S 4 O 6 2− corresponding to 0.1–10 mg of sulphur.
Kernel subspace LDA with optimized kernel parameters on face recognition (2004)

This work addresses the problem of selection of kernel parameters in kernel fisher discriminant for face recognition. We propose a new criterion and derive a new formation in optimizing the parameters in RBF kernel based on the gradient descent algorithm. The proposed formulation is further integrated into a subspace LDA algorithm and a new face recognition algorithm is developed. FERET database is used for evaluation. Comparing with the existing kernel LDA-based methods with kernel parameter selected by experiment manually, the results are encouraging.
Updating of ASME Nuclear Code Case N-201 to Accommodate the Needs of Metallic Core Support Structures for High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactors Currently in Development (2007)

On September 29, 2005, ASME Standards Technology, LLC (ASME ST-LLC) executed a multi-year, cooperative agreement with the United States DOE for the Generation IV Reactor Materials project. The project's objective is to update and expand appropriate materials, construction, and design codes for application in future Generation IV nuclear reactor systems that operate at elevated temperatures. Task 4 was embarked upon in recognition of the large quantity of ongoing reactor designs utilizing high temperature technology. Since Code Case N-201 had not seen a significant revision (except for a minor revision in September, 2006 to change the SA-336 forging reference for 304SS and 316SS to SA-965 in Tables 1.2(a) and 1.2(b), and some minor editorial changes) since December 1994, identifying recommended updates to support the current high temperature Core Support Structure (CSS) designs and potential new designs was important. As anticipated, the Task 4 effort identified a number of Code Case N-201 issues. Items requiring further consideration range from addressing apparent inconsistencies in definitions and certain material properties between CC-N-201 and Subsection NH, to inclusion of additional materials to provide the designer more flexibility of design. Task 4 developed a design parameter survey that requested input from the CSS designers of ongoing high temperature gas cooled reactor metallic core support designs. The responses to the survey provided Task 4 valuable input to identify the design operating parameters and future needs of the CSS designers. Types of materials, metal temperature, time of exposure, design pressure, design life, and fluence levels were included in the Task 4 survey responses. The results of the survey are included in this report. This research proves that additional work must be done to update Code Case N-201. Task 4 activities provide the framework for the Code Case N-201 update and future work to provide input on materials. Candidate materials such as Type 321 and Type 347 austenitic stainless steels, Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel for core support structure construction, and Alloy 718 for Threaded Structural Fasteners were among the recommended materials for inclusion in the Code Case. This Task 4 Report identifies the need to address design life beyond 3 x 105 hours, especially in consideration of 60-year design life. A proposed update to the latest Code Case N-201 revision (i.e., Code Case N-201-5) including the items resolved in this report is included as Appendix A.
Injury-Driven Stiffening of the Dermis Expedites Skin Carcinoma Progression (2015)

Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a genetic skin fragility disorder characterized by injury-driven blister formation, progressive soft-tissue fibrosis, and a highly elevated risk of early-onset aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). However, the mechanisms underlying the unusually rapid progression of RDEB to cSCC are unknown. In this study, we investigated the contribution of injury-induced skin alterations to cSCC development by using a genetic model of RDEB and organotypic skin cultures. Analysis of RDEB patient samples suggested that premalignant changes to the dermal microenvironment drive tumor progression, which led us to subject a collagen VII hypomorphic mouse model of RDEB to chemical carcinogenesis. Carcinogen-treated RDEB mice developed invasive tumors phenocopying human RDEB-cSCC, whereas wild-type mice formed papillomas, indicating that the aggressiveness of RDEB-cSCC is mutation-independent. The inherent structural instability of the RDEB dermis, combined with repeated injury, increased the bioavailability of TGFβ, which promoted extracellular matrix production, cross-linking, thickening of dermal fibrils, and tissue stiffening. The biophysically altered dermis increased myofibroblast activity and integrin β1/pFAK/pAKT mechanosignaling in tumor cells, further demonstrating that cSCC progression is governed by pre-existing injury-driven changes in the RDEB tissue microenvironment. Treatment of three-dimensional organotypic RDEB skin cultures with inhibitors of TGFβ signaling, lysyl oxidase, or integrin β1-mediated mechanosignaling reduced or bypassed tissue stiffness and limited tumor cell invasion. Collectively, these findings provide a new mechanism by which RDEB tissue becomes malignant and offer new druggable therapeutic targets to prevent cSCC onset.
Salivary biomarkers of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children (2014)

OSA is associated with dysregulation of the HPA axis activity in children, the latter potentially underlying some of the adverse consequences of the disease.
Photoemission characteristics of transmission-mode negative electron affinity GaAs and (ln,Ga)As vapor-grown structures (1974)

Several types of transmission-mode negative electron affinity (NEA) photocathodes were investigated. The first group consisted of GaAs cathodes of various thicknesses grown on a composite structure composed of a GaP substrate and a Ga(As,P) buffer layer. These cathodes were of two types, one having an abrupt Ga(As,P)/GaAs interface and the other having a compositionally graded interface. The latter type exhibited the highest transmission-mode quantum efficiency, 0.11 electron per incident photon at 0.85 μm. It is assumed that the electron diffusion length L in the GaAs layer is limited by misfit dislocations arising from the lattice mismatch between the GaAs and the Ga(As,P) buffer layer. L increased with cathode layer thickness more rapidly for the graded structure, suggesting that misfit dislocation propagation into the GaAs layer is less when the dislocations are generated gradually (graded structure) than when they are introduced abruptly (ungraded structure). The second group of samples consisted of (In, Ga)As alloy cathodes of various compositions grown on both GaAs and GaP substrates with lattice-mismatch-reducing buffer layers of (In, Ga)As, (In, Ga)P, and Ga(As,P). It was found that photosensitivity was improved significantly by reducing the amount of lattice mismatch between the (In, Ga)As cathode layer and the substrate or buffer layer. Using an (In, Ga)As cathode with an (In,Ga)P buffer layer grown on a GaP substrate, transmission quantum efficiencies in excess of 0.01 were obtained over the relatively broad wavelength range of 0.7 to 1.04 µm.
Appearance-based indoor navigation by IBVS using mutual information (2016)

This paper presents a complete framework for image-based navigation from an image memory that exploits mutual information and does not need any feature extraction, matching or any 3D information. The navigation path is represented by a set of automatically selected key images obtained during a prior learning phase. The shared information (entropy) between the current acquired image and nearby key images is exploited to switch key images during navigation. Based on the key images and the current image, the control law proposed by [1] is used to compute the rotational velocity of a mobile robot during its qualitative visual navigation. Using our approach, real-time navigation has been performed inside a corridor and inside a room with a Pioneer 3-DX equipped with an on-board perspective camera without the need of accurate mapping and localization.
Transoesophageal echocardiography related complications. (2009)

The application of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been continuously increasing over past several decades. It is usually considered a very safe diagnostic and monitoring device. Though the complications are rare, but these complications must be known to the operators performing TEE. The goal of this article is to encapsulate the potential complications associated with TEE. The complications are primarily related to gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and respiratory systems along with some miscellaneous problems related to probe insertion, drugs and inexperience of the operator. Strategies for the prevention of these complications are also analyzed in order to avoid the risk.
Pre-Sliding Tangential Deflections Can Govern the Friction of MEMS Devices (2004)

We have measured pre-sliding tangential deflections (PSTD) between micromachined surfaces of up to 200 nanometers in length before the static friction event using a polysilicon nanotractor actuator [1,2]. The detailed PSTD structure is resolved by a one-nanometer-resolution in-plane optical metrology we have developed, and may be a manifestation of discrete asperity-asperity interactions leading to an effective spatial distribution of friction coefficients. Results indicate a dependence on surface treatment, with a perfluorinated eight-carbon chain monolayer coating showing substantially different PSTD than an eighteen-carbon chain hydrocrabon monolayer. This behavior may qualitatively be related to variations in dynamic versus static friction. We present a simple phenomenological model that captures some of the behavior of PSTD, and suggest some possible microscopic interpretations.
Wavefront-shaping-based correction of optically simulated cataracts (2020)

Cataracts is a common ocular pathology where the crystalline lens tends to become opaque, degrading the quality of the retinal images because of the increase of both aberrations and scattering. In this work, we simultaneously generated and optically corrected the effects of cataracts in an optical bench by using a liquid crystal device spatial light modulator. The correction was carried out by implementing a feedback-based wavefront shaping technique with different spatial resolutions of the corrector phase maps. Its benefits were evaluated through objective and subjective descriptors of the quality of vision. The analysis of the experimental results, in addition to numerical calculations of the uncorrected and corrected ocular point spread functions, allowed us to understand the limitations of the technique and to present a strategy to overcome it for future in vivo applications.
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDAL 3,5‐DIENES (1977)

Abstract Ca. 70 Steroid‐diene der allgemeinen Formel (I) werden in Tabellen aufgeführgund ihre claudogene Aktivität wird diskutiert.
Immunopharmacological studies of the aqueous extract of Cinnamomum Cassia (CCAq). I. Anti-allergic action. (1982)

Effect of the aqueous extract of Cinnamomum Cassia (CCAq) on experimental allergic reaction was investigated. IgE mediated reactions, homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), degranulation of mast cells, and the release of histamine from sensitized lung tissues classified as the type I reaction by Coombs and Gell were not affected by CCAq. Complement dependent reactions including reversed cutaneous anaphylaxis (RCA), Forssman cutaneous vasculitis (FCV), and nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis classified as type II and the Arthus reaction classified as type III were clearly inhibited by CCAq. However, CCAq did not affect the nephritis caused by the F(ab')2 portion of the nephrotoxic IgG antibody. CCAq in a high concentration inhibited the immunological hemolysis, chemotactic migration of neutrophils in response to complement activated serum, and the generation of chemotactic factors. The type IV reaction, contact dermatitis, was not affected by CCAq. The production of hemolytic plaque forming cells was slightly inhibited by CCAq. These results suggest that CCAq has an anticomplement action and inhibits the complement dependent allergic reaction.