gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stoichiometrically Controlled Revocable Self‐Assembled “Spiro” versus Quadruple‐Stranded “Double‐Decker” Type Coordination Cages (2014)

The simple combination of Pd(II) with the tris-monodentate ligand bis(pyridin-3-ylmethyl) pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, L, at ratios of 1:2 and 3:4 demonstrated the stoichiometrically controlled exclusive formation of the "spiro-type" Pd1L2 macrocycle, 1, and the quadruple-stranded Pd3L4 cage, 2, respectively. The architecture of 2 is elaborated with two compartments that can accommodate two units of fluoride, chloride, or bromide ions, one in each of the enclosures. However, the entry of iodide is altogether restricted. Complexes 1 and 2 are interconvertible under suitable conditions.
Tryptophan metabolism is inversely regulated in the tumor and blood of patients with glioblastoma (2021)

Tryptophan (Trp)-catabolic enzymes (TCEs) produce metabolites that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and promote tumor progression and immunosuppression in glioblastoma. As therapies targeting TCEs or AHR become available, a better understanding of Trp metabolism is required. <b>Methods:</b> The combination of LC-MS/MS with chemical isobaric labeling enabled the simultaneous quantitative comparison of Trp and its amino group-bearing metabolites in multiple samples. We applied this method to the sera of a cohort of 43 recurrent glioblastoma patients and 43 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Tumor volumes were measured in MRI data using an artificial neural network-based approach. MALDI MSI visualized Trp and its direct metabolite <i>N</i>-formylkynurenine (FK) in glioblastoma tissue. Analysis of scRNA-seq data was used to detect the presence of Trp metabolism and AHR activity in different cell types in glioblastoma. <b>Results:</b> Compared to healthy controls, glioblastoma patients showed decreased serum Trp levels. Surprisingly, the levels of Trp metabolites were also reduced. The decrease became smaller with more enzymatic steps between Trp and its metabolites, suggesting that Trp availability controls the levels of its systemic metabolites. High tumor volume associated with low systemic metabolite levels and low systemic kynurenine levels associated with worse overall survival. MALDI MSI demonstrated heterogeneity of Trp catabolism across glioblastoma tissues. Analysis of scRNA-seq data revealed that genes involved in Trp metabolism were expressed in almost all the cell types in glioblastoma and that most cell types, in particular macrophages and T cells, exhibited AHR activation. Moreover, high AHR activity associated with reduced overall survival in the glioblastoma TCGA dataset. <b>Conclusion:</b> The novel techniques we developed could support the identification of patients that may benefit from therapies targeting TCEs or AHR activation.
Rank aggregation techniques for context-aware database management systems (2009)

This dissertation addresses rank aggregation in context-aware database management systems (DBMSs). Given multiple orderings on a set of entities, the rank aggregation problem is to find an enhanced ordering on the same set. Besides being an important tool in information retrieval, providing for rank aggregation in context-aware DBMSs is indispensable. 
Context-aware DBMSs account for various contexts to provide relevant information to the user. Contexts of the query issuers as well as the database objects determine the significance of the different pieces of information to be retrieved. Tailoring specialized DBMSs that manage data and answer queries related to one context type is not an easy task. We propose Chameleon, a context-aware DBMS that supports multiple contexts as well as user preferences. It has a generic interface to define and process context information. Chameleon not only eliminates the need to tailor specialized engines towards a certain context, but also enables instantiating systems that support user-defined complex and composite contexts. As a proof of concept, we present two instances of Chameleon. One instance treats identity as a context to realize a privacy-aware (Hippocratic) database server that limits the disclosure of data to authorized parties. The other instance treats space as a context to realize a spatial database server.
Since rank aggregation is at the core of context-aware DBMSs, we propose three methods for rank aggregation while composing contexts into a composite context; ordering, ranking, and skylining. We propose a new binary query operator, SkylineJoin, that not only joins two relations but also marks the skyline joined tuples. SkylineJoin is a pipelined operator designed to be incorporated in a traditional query evaluation pipeline model. It is a progressive operator that returns the initial results fast. SkylineJoin may be cascaded to compute the skyline of objects when the skyline dimensions span more than two relations. We modeled the execution of the SkylineJoin operator as a finite state machine that is built on top of an order-preserving join operator. We proved the correctness of SkylineJoin. Extensive experiments showed that SkylineJoin can exhibit an order of magnitude performance gain over the current state of the art.
As the surrounding environment changes, context-aware DBMSs should adjust when the contexts of the objects dynamically change. We illustrate this feature as it affects rank aggregation. We propose the adaptive processing of ranking queries when the data do not reside locally on the same node that computes the query, and hence experiences delays. When the query engine is notified that the currently executing plan is sub-optimal or a disconnection has occurred, a new execution plan is generated and the execution proceeds without reevaluating the ranking query. We propose an aggressive reuse of the old ranking state from the current plan in building the state of the new plan. The experimental evaluation shows significant performance gain by changing sub-optimal execution strategies in run-time.
Development of a laboratory test device for electrorheological fluids in hydrostatic lubrication (2005)

Electrorheological (ER) fluids exhibit changes in their rheological behaviour in the presence of an external electric field. Research and development activities related to ER fluids and their applications have increased dramatically during the last few decades. If commercialised, ER fluids could have a significant impact on hydraulic equipment, and be utilised in the automotive, marine, aerospace, robotics, and machinery industries. The objective of the present study is to demonstrate the feasibility of using ER fluids to produce ‘smart’ lubricants that can control friction and wear of sliding components. The ER lubricant effect is demonstrated using a unique test machine that utilises hydrostatic lubrication. It is found that the friction torque increases by as much as 30% when a voltage of 2000 V is applied to an ER fluid in the newly developed test machine.
IAS 36- impairmet of assets (2012)

IASC je u lipnju 1998. objavio MRS 36 – Umanjenje vrijednosti imovine. Njime su zamijenjene odredbe o procjeni nadoknadivosti imovine i priznavanju gubitka od umanjenja vrijednosti koje su bile ukljucene u MRS 16 – Nekretnine, postrojenja i oprema, MRS 22 – Poslovne kombinacije, MRS 28 – Racunovodstvo ulaganja u povezana drustva i MRS 31 – Financijsko izvjestavanje o zajednickim ulaganjima. Posljednji amandmani na ove standarde objavljeni su 1999., 2000. i 2001. U travnju 2001. IASB je donio odluku da se svi standardi i tumacenja standarda koja su prije usvojena primjenjuju dok se za njih ne usvoje amandmani ili se donese odluka o njihovom povlacenju. Na MRS 36 doneseni su amandmani koji su bili posljedica izmjena MRS-a 8 – Racunovodstvene politike, promjene racunovodstvenih procjena i pogreske, MRS-a 16 – Nekretnine, postrojenja i oprema, MRS-a 21 – Ucinci promjena tecajeva stranih valuta i MRS 39-a – Financijski instrument, Priznavanje i mjerenje. U travnju 2004. objavljen je revidirani MRS 36, na kojeg su opet doneseni amandmani usklađeni s promjenama sljedecih standarda: MSFI 5 – Netekuca imovina namijenjena prodaji i prekid poslovanja, MSFI 8 – Poslovni segmenti, MRS 1 – Prezentiranje financijskih izvjestaja (rev. 2007.), MSFI 3 – Poslovne kombinacije (rev. 2008.), MSFI 9 – Financijski instrumenti (objavljen 2009. i 2010.), MSFI 10 – Konsolidirani financijski izvjestaji, MSFI 11 – Zajednicki pothvati, MSFI 13 – Mjerenje fer vrijednosti i MRS 19 – Obveze prema zaposlenicima (rev. 2011.).
Subsecond fluorine‐19 MRI of the lung (2006)

Minimal scan times in rapid fluorine-19 MRI using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) have been on the order of 10 s. Because of the very short T1 relaxation time of SF6 (T1 = 1.65 ms), high receiver bandwidths are necessary to allow for a high number of excitations. Since high bandwidths cause high levels of electronic noise, SNR per acquisition has been too low to further reduce scan time. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether scan times could be reduced using hexafluoroethane (C2F6), a gas with a longer T1 (T1 = 7.9 ms) at a relatively low bandwidth of 488 Hz/pixel. Gradient-echo images were acquired during and after completion of the wash-in of a 70% C2F6- 30% O2 mixture. Peak SNR values of 16 and 7.9 were observed for coronal projection images acquired within 2 s and 260 ms, respectively. These results demonstrate that subsecond imaging is feasible using C2F6.
Further Results on Iterative Approaches to the Determination of the Response of Nonclassically Damped Systems (1993)

Iterative schemes for obtaining the response of nonclassically damped dynamic systems have been shown to converge when the damping matrix possesses certain specific characteristics. This paper extends those previous results which pertain to symmetric, positive-definite damping matrices. The paper considers a more general decomposition of the damping matrix, and extends the applicability of these iterative methods to all positive definite, symmetric damping matrices. This decomposition is governed by a parameter α. Conditions on α under which convergence is guaranteed are provided. Estimates of a which yield the fastest asymptotic convergence as well as estimates of the value of this asymptotic rate of convergence are also provided.
Antiviral Activities and Cellular Toxicities of Modified 2′,3′-Dideoxy-2′,3′-Didehydrocytidine Analogues (2002)

The antiviral efficacies and cytotoxicities of 2',3'- and 4'-substituted 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxycytidine analogs were evaluated. All compounds were tested (i) against a wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolate (strain xxBRU) and lamivudine-resistant HIV-1 isolates, (ii) for their abilities to inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) production in the inducible HepAD38 cell line, and (iii) for their abilities to inhibit bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) production in acutely infected Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells. Some compounds demonstrated potent antiviral activities against the wild-type HIV-1 strain (range of 90% effective concentrations [EC(90)s], 0.14 to 5.2 micro M), but marked increases in EC(90)s were noted when the compounds were tested against the lamivudine-resistant HIV-1 strain (range of EC(90)s, 53 to >100 micro M). The beta-L-enantiomers of both classes of compounds were more potent than the corresponding beta-D-enantiomers. None of the compounds showed antiviral activity in the assay that determined their abilities to inhibit BVDV, while two compounds inhibited HBV production in HepAD38 cells (EC(90), 0.25 micro M). The compounds were essentially noncytotoxic in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and HepG2 cells. No effect on mitochondrial DNA levels was observed after a 7-day incubation with the nucleoside analogs at 10 micro M. These studies demonstrate that (i) modification of the sugar ring of cytosine nucleoside analogs with a 4'-thia instead of an oxygen results in compounds with the ability to potently inhibit wild-type HIV-1 but with reduced potency against lamivudine-resistant virus and (ii) the antiviral activity of beta-D-2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine against wild-type HIV-1 (EC(90), 0.08 micro M) and lamivudine-resistant HIV-1 (EC(90) = 0.15 micro M) is markedly reduced by introduction of a 3'-fluorine in the sugar (EC(90)s of compound 2a, 37.5 and 494 micro M, respectively).
A statistical model of diurnal variation in human growth hormone (2003)

The diurnal pattern of growth hormone (GH) serum levels depends on the frequency and amplitude of GH secretory events, the kinetics of GH infusion into and clearance from the circulation, and the feedback of GH on its secretion. We present a two-dimensional linear differential equation model based on these physiological principles to describe GH diurnal patterns. The model characterizes the onset times of the secretory events, the secretory event amplitudes, as well as the infusion, clearance, and feedback half-lives of GH. We illustrate the model by using maximum likelihood methods to fit it to GH measurements collected in 12 normal, healthy women during 8 h of scheduled sleep and a 16-h circadian constant-routine protocol. We assess the importance of the model components by using parameter standard error estimates and Akaike's Information Criterion. During sleep, both the median infusion and clearance half-life estimates were 13.8 min, and the median number of secretory events was 2. During the constant routine, the median infusion half-life estimate was 12.6 min, the median clearance half-life estimate was 11.7 min, and the median number of secretory events was 5. The infusion and clearance half-life estimates and the number of secretory events are consistent with current published reports. Our model gave an excellent fit to each GH data series. Our analysis paradigm suggests an approach to decomposing GH diurnal patterns that can be used to characterize the physiological properties of this hormone under normal and pathological conditions.
Surface characterization of zirconium and thorium phosphate compounds (1998)

As part of a study involving sorption experiments with actinide ions sorbed onto phosphate compounds and to understand the sorption mechanisms, we have first synthesized the following three solids: ZrP2O7 (zirconium diphosphate), Zr2O(PO4)2 (zirconium oxophosphate) and Th4(PO4)4P2O7 (thorium phosphate diphosphate). These compounds have been characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, IR spectroscopy and EPMA. The specific surface areas, measured by the N2-BET method, are 5.5±0.1, 0.9±0.2 and 1.2±0.2 g-1, respectively. The average grain size of the powdered samples is around 10 µm. The pHIEP (pH corresponding to the isoelectric point) determined by electrokinetic measurements is 3.6 for ZrP2O7, 4.0 for Zr2O(PO4)2 and 6.8 for Th4(PO4)4P2O7. By simulation of the titration curves obtained for the three solids, we have determined, using the FITEQL code (constant capacitance model), the surface acidity constants using a sorption site number close to 7 sites nm-2 for the zirconium diphosphate, 7.5 sites nm-2 for the zirconium oxophosphate and 4 sites nm-2 for the thorium phosphate diphosphate. Caracte′risation des proprie′te′s acido-basiques de surface de compose′s phosphate′s à base de zirconium et de thorium. Dans le cadre d'une e′tude des me′canismes d'adsorption d'ions actinides sur des surfaces mine′rales phosphate′es, nous avons re′alise′ la synthèse des trois compose′s suivants: ZrP2O7 (diphosphate de zirconium), Zr2O(PO4)2 (oxophosphate de zirconium) et Th4(PO4)4P2O7 (phosphate diphosphate de thorium). Les solides obtenus ont e′te′ caracte′rise′s par diffraction des rayons X, spectroscopie infrarouge et microanalyse par sonde e′lectronique (EPMA). La surface spe′cifique, de′termine′e par la me′thode BET d'adsorption d'azote, est de 5,5±0,1, 0,9±0,2 et 1,2±0,2 g-1, respectivement. La taille moyenne des e′chantillons pulve′rulents est voisine de 10 µm. La valeur du pHPIE (pH du point isoe′lectrique), de′termine′e par mesures e′lectrocine′tiques, est de 3,6 pour ZrP2O7, 4,0 pour Zr2O(PO4)2 et 6,8 pour Th4(PO4)4P2O7. La simulation des courbes de titrage de suspensions de chacun des solides a e′te′ re′alise′e à l'aide du code FITEQL (modèle à capacite′ constante), ce qui a permis de de′terminer les constantes d'acidite′ de surface en utilisant des densite′s de sites de surface voisines de 7 sites nm-2 pour le diphosphate de zirconium, 7,5 sites nm-2 pour l'oxophosphate de zirconium et 4 sites nm-2 pour le phospate diphosphate de thorium.
Hierarchical processing for accurate optical proximity correction for 1-Gb DRAM metal layers (1999)

We propose a high-performance hierarchical mask data processing system which incorporates a refined 1D optical proximity correction (OPC) method. Using an engineering workstation, the system incorporating the refined 1D OPC, corrected the metal layer in a miniature model of a 1-Gbit DRAM within a practical time. Well-designed hierarchical management in the mask data conversion system reduced the correction time to about 1/12 of that in flat processing. Data volume expansion was suppressed within four percent compared to the mask data volume without OPC. Using both exposure experiment and lithography simulation, the correction accuracy was examined when the system was applied to test patterns of metal layer. In the case of 0.16 micrometers design rule, the range of linewidth error with refined 1D OPC was reduced to 62 nm compared to 99 nm with the conventional 1D OPC method. The proposed method is expected to achieve precise correction compared to conventional 1D OPC method. These rules suggest that the proposed OPC system is useful for correction of 1-Gbit DRAM and beyond.
Exploitation of spectral redundancy in cyclostationary signals (1991)

It is shown that the cyclostationarity attribute, as it is reflected in the periodicities of (second-order) moments of the signal, can be interpreted in terms of the property that allows generation of spectral lines from the signal by putting it through a (quadratic) nonlinear transformation. The fundamental link between the spectral-line generation property and the statistical property called spectral correlation, which corresponds to the correlation that exists between the random fluctuations of components of the signal residing in distinct spectral bands, is explained. The effects on the spectral-correlation characteristics of some basic signal processing operations, such as filtering, product modulation, and time sampling, are examined. It is shown how to use these results to derive the spectral-correlation characteristics for various types of man-made signals. Some ways of exploiting the inherent spectral redundancy associated with spectral correlation to perform various signal processing tasks involving detection and estimation of highly corrupted man-made signals are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Towards standardization of human adipose-derived stromal cells secretomes (2023)

The secretome of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) is a heterogeneous mixture of components with a beneficial influence on cellular microenvironments. As such, it represents a cell-free alternative in regenerative medicine therapies. Pathophysiological conditions increase the therapeutic capacity of ASC and, with this, the benefits of the secretome. Such conditions can be partially mimicked in vitro by adjusting culturing conditions. Secretomics, the unbiased analysis of a cell secretome by mass spectrometry, is a powerful tool to describe the composition of ASC secretomes. In this proteomics databases review, we compared ASC secretomic studies to retrieve persistently reported proteins resulting from the most explored types of culturing conditions used in research, i.e., exposure to normoxia, hypoxia, or cytokines. Our comparisons identified only eight common proteins within ASC normoxic secretomes, no commonalities within hypoxic ASC secretomes, and only nine within secretomes of ASC exposed to proinflammatory cytokines. Within these, and regardless of the culturing condition that stimulated secretion, a consistent presence of extracellular matrix-related pathways associated with such proteins was identified. Confounders such as donors' age, sex, body mass index, the anatomical area where ASC were harvested, secretome collection method, data description, and how the data is shared with the scientific community are discussed as factors that might explain our outcomes. We conclude that standardization is imperative as the currently available ASC secretomic studies do not facilitate solid conclusions on the therapeutic value of different ASC secretomes.
Thermal-induced phase transitions in self-assembled mesostructured films studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (2005)

Two examples of phase transition in self-assembled mesostructured hybrid thin films are reported. The materials have been synthesized using tetraethoxysilane as the silica source hydrolyzed with or without the addition of methyltriethoxysilane. The combined use of transmission electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering and computer simulation has been introduced to achieve a clear identification of the organized phases. A structural study of the self-assembled mesophases as a function of thermal treatment has allowed the overall phase transition to be followed. The initial symmetries of mesophases in as-deposited films have been linked to those observed in samples after thermal treatment. The monodimensional shrinkage of silica films during calcination has induced a phase transition from face-centered orthorhombic to body-centered cubic. In hybrid films, instead, the phase transition has not involved a change in the unit cell but a contraction of the cell parameter normal to the substrate.
Quantization index modulation based watermarking using holography (2006)

In this paper, we propose a blind watermarking method where watermark is chosen as the hologram of the signal to be embedded. In the proposed approach the quantized phase of the hologram is embedded into an image using quantization index modulation (QIM). The robustness of the proposed technique is tested against several attacks such as filtering, compression, occlusion and cropping. Also the effects of quantization of the hologram on the reconstruction quality are demonstrated.
Microfabricated high-throughput electronic particle detector (2007)

We describe the design, fabrication, and use of a radio frequency reflectometer integrated with a microfluidic system, applied to the very high-throughput measurement of micron-scale particles, passing in a microfluidic channel through the sensor region. The device operates as a microfabricated Coulter counter [U.S. Patent No. 2656508 (1953)], similar to a design we have described previously, but here with significantly improved electrode geometry as well as including electronic tuning of the reflectometer; the two improvements yielding an improvement by more than a factor of 10 in the signal to noise and in the diametric discrimination of single particles. We demonstrate the high-throughput discrimination of polystyrene beads with diameters in the 4–10μm range, achieving diametric resolutions comparable to the intrinsic spread of diameters in the bead distribution, at rates in excess of 15×106beads∕h.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Combination of Anti-HER3 Antibody MM-121/SAR256212 and Cetuximab Inhibits Tumor Growth in Preclinical Models of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 195KB, The CM combination inhibits HER3 and EGFR activation.&lt;/p&gt;
<title>High Speed Photodiodes</title> (1970)

Silicon is rapidly becoming more prevalent as a detector in photography-photometric and anlytical instrumentation. In this paper, we will discuss some of the contexts and recent developments that make this material increasingly popular in advance design.