gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Alternative Density Structures of Cold/Saltwater Pools on a Sloping Bottom: The Role of Friction (2003)

Observed density sections through dense-water pools or lenses on sloping topography typically have an asymmetric structure. One side of the dense lens usually is bounded by isopycnals that slope steeply down to the seabed while, on the other side, the slope of isopycnals is more gentle. A common situation is for the steepest-sloping isopycnals to be on the upslope side of a lens (which is termed the ''head-up'' state), but the reverse is occasionally true (which is called the ''head-down'' state). Here a 1-layer reduced-gravity model, which resolves the bottom boundary layer to provide physical insight into the three-dimensional evolution of these alternative forms, is used. It is found that the head-up state arises when the thickness of the central core of a lens exceeds about two Ekman depth scales, and the head-down state arises when the converse is true. The speed of along-and cross-slope motion of the central, thick core of a dense lens is also investigated, and the results from an ensemble of runs with the three-dimensional reduced-gravity model are found to accord suprisingly well with some approximations derived from bulk dynamics. From a practical point of view, the results concerning the shape of isopycnals bounding dense lenses on slopes can provide valuable information from which to infer important aspects of the underlying dynamics.
Selective laser sintering of Mo-CuNi composite to be used as EDM electrode (2014)

Purpose – This work is focused on the investigation of direct production of electrical discharge machining (EDM) electrodes through the selective laser sintering (SLS) technique using a new metal-matrix composite material made of molybdenum and a copper-nickel alloy (Mo-CuNi). The influence and optimization of the main SLS parameters on the densification behavior and porosity is experimentally studied. Additionally, EDM experiments are performed to evaluate the electrodes performance under different machining conditions. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The new EDM electrode material used was a powder system composed of Mo and pre-alloyed CuNi. A systematic experimental methodology was designed to evaluate the effects of layer thickness, laser scan speed and hatch distance. The densification behavior, porosity and surface morphology of the samples were analyzed through microstructural and surface analysis. EDM experiments were conducted under three different regimes in order to observe the electrodes behavior and performance. The results were compared with copper powder electrodes manufactured by SLS and solid copper electrodes EDMachined under the same conditions. Findings – The experimental results showed that the direct SLS manufacturing of composite electrodes is feasible and an adequate combination of parameters can produce parts with good quality. The laser scan speed has a great effect on the densification behavior of the samples, while the effect of hatch distance on the porosity is more visible when the overlapping degree is considered. The overlapping also had a significant effect on the surface morphology. The EDM results showed that the Mo-CuNi electrodes had superior performance to the copper powder electrodes made by SLS for all the EDM regimes applied, but inferior to those achieved with solid copper electrodes. Originality/value – Significant results on the direct SLS manufacturing of a new material which has a great technological potential to be used as an EDM electrode material are presented. Valuable guidelines are given in regard to the SLS optimization of Mo-CuNi material and its performance as an EDM electrode. This work also provides a systematic methodology designed to be applied to the SLS process to produce EDM electrodes.
Kinetics of open complex formation between Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and the lac UV5 promoter. Evidence for a sequential mechanism involving three steps (1985)

The forward and reverse kinetics of open complex formation between Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and the lac UV5 promoter have been studied in the temperature range of 15-42 degrees C. The standard two-step model, involving the formation of a closed intermediate, RPc, followed by an isomerization that leads to the active complex RPo, could not account for the present data. The promoter-enzyme lifetime measurements showed an inverse temperature dependence (apparent activation energy, -35 kcal/mol). A third step, which is very temperature dependent and which is very rapid at 37 degrees C, was postulated to involve the unstacking of DNA base pairs that immediately precedes open complex formation. Evidence for incorporating a new binary complex, RPi, in the pathway was provided by experiments that distinguished between stably bound species and active promoter after temperature-jump perturbations. These experiments allowed measurement of the rate of reequilibration between the stably bound species and determination of the corresponding equilibrium constant. They indicated that the third step became rate limiting below 20 degrees C; this prediction was checked by an analysis of the forward kinetics. A quantitative evaluation of the parameters involved in this three-step model is provided. Similar experiments were performed on a negatively supercoiled template: in this case the third equilibrium was driven toward formation of the open complex even at low temperature, and the corresponding step was not rate limiting.
Manipulating Organic Semiconductor Morphology with Visible Light (Adv. Funct. Mater. 10/2023) (2023)

Roll-To-Roll Slot-Die Coating In article number 2212835, Jens Wenzel Andreasen and co-workers study the optical excitation during roll-to-roll slot-die coating of a semiconducting polymer that enables morphological manipulation of thin-films for organic photovoltaics and flexible electronics. Combined theoretical and experimental techniques elucidate the morphological changes upon polymer excitation while the thin-film solidifies. The induced changes in nanostructure increase the out-of-plane electron mobility, which may be applied to modify the performance of organic electronic devices.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Mycobacterium avium Complex Isolate from a Broadbill Bird (2014)

We report the draft genome sequence of a Mycobacterium avium complex isolate. This isolate has an estimated genome size of 5.1 Mb with an average GC content of 68.9% and is predicted to carry 4,497 protein-encoding genes and 317 pseudogenes.
The ultimate food energy guide (2003)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThis is the third book in Garry Egger's new series of books based on his 'Professor Trim's Medically Supervised Weight Loss Program', a unique medically-based program being endorsed by GPs throughout Australia.In the same vein as Garry Egger and Rosemary Stanton's previously published fat and fibre counters, The Ultimate Energy Guide will provide a comprehensive listing of hundreds of Australian food products broken down by 'energy density', the hottest new topic in weight control research. Regulating the energy density of food that is consumed has begun to supersede previous medical arguments about fat or carbohydrate content as the pivotal factor in weight loss. This will be a quick reference listing which can be used in conjunction with the Becoming Gutless or Becoming Slim weight loss books for men and women respectively.&lt;br /&gt;\n\t\t\t\t
Low-threshold-current-density 1300-nm dilute-nitride quantum well lasers (2002)

Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-grown In0.4Ga0.6As0.995N0.005 quantum well (QW) lasers have been realized, at an emission wavelength of 1.295 μm, with threshold and transparency current densities as low as 211 A/cm2 (for L=2000 μm) and 75 A/cm2, respectively. The utilization of a tensile-strained GaAs0.67P0.33 buffer layer and GaAs0.85P0.15 barrier layers allows a highly-compressively-strained In0.4Ga0.6As0.995N0.005 QW to be grown on a high-Al-content lower cladding layer, resulting in devices with high current injection efficiency (ηinj∼97%).
Topical enviroxime against rhinovirus infection (1982)

Enviroxime, an inhibitor of rhinovirus replication, was studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 99 volunteers. The efficacy of a nasal-spray formulation of enviroxime was tested as pretreatment or as postchallenge treatment for rhinovirus type 4 infection. In the regimens used, drug administration neither prevented infection nor reduced the frequency of specific colds. The mean concentration of enviroxime in nasal washes (12 h after a dose) differentiated two groups of responders. Those in whom the drug concentration exceeded 100 ng/ml had some benefits, although these were statistically insignificant.
Plasma-Spray Ionization (PLASI): A Multimodal Atmospheric Pressure Ion Source for Liquid Stream Analysis (2014)

A new ion generation method, named plasma-spray ionization (PLASI) for direct analysis of liquid streams, such as in continuous infusion experiments or liquid chromatography (LC), is reported. PLASI addresses many of the analytical limitations of electrospray ionization (ESI) and has potential for real time process stream analysis and reaction monitoring under atmospheric conditions in non-ESI friendly scenarios. In PLASI-mass spectrometry (MS), the liquid stream is pneumatically nebulized and partially charged at low voltages; the resultant aerosol is thus entrained with a gaseous plasma plume from a distal glow discharge prior to MS detection. PLASI-MS not only overcomes ESI-MS limitations but also generates simpler mass spectra with minimal adduct and cluster formation. PLASI utilizes the atomization capabilities of an ESI sprayer operated below the ESI threshold to generate gas-phase aerosols that are then ionized by the plasma stream. When operated at or above the ESI threshold, ionization by traditional ESI mechanisms is achieved. The multimodal nature of the technique enables readily switching between plasma and ESI operation. It is expected that PLASI will enable analyzing a wide range of analytes in complex matrices and less-restricted solvent systems, providing more flexibility than that achievable by ESI alone.
Influence of simethicone and alverine on stress-induced alterations of colonic permeability and sensitivity in rats: beneficial effect of their association (2013)

We conclude that both simethicone and alverine have visceral antinociceptive effects by two different mechanisms and that simethicone exerts a potentiating effect on the antinociceptive action of alverine.
Identification of T-Cell Epitopes in Nonstructural Proteins of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (2001)

Porcine T-cell recognition of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) nonstructural proteins (NSP) was tested using in vitro lymphoproliferative responses. Lymphocytes were obtained from outbred pigs experimentally infected with FMDV. Of the different NSP, polypeptides 3A, 3B, and 3C gave the highest stimulations in the in vitro assays. The use of overlapping synthetic peptides allowed the identification of amino acid regions within these proteins that were efficiently recognized by the lymphocytes. The sequences of some of these antigenic peptides were highly conserved among different FMDV serotypes. They elicited major histocompatibility complex-restricted responses with lymphocytes from pigs infected with either a type C virus or reinfected with a heterologous FMDV. A tandem peptide containing the T-cell peptide 3A[21-35] and the B-cell antigenic site VP1[137-156] also efficiently stimulated lymphocytes from infected animals in vitro. Furthermore, this tandem peptide elicited significant levels of serotype-specific antiviral activity, a result consistent with the induction of anti-FMDV antibodies. Thus, inclusion in the peptide formulation of a T-cell epitope derived from the NSP 3A possessing the capacity to induce T helper activity can allow cooperative induction of anti-FMDV antibodies by B cells.
Cyanoethylation of 1,2,4-Triazolin-5-Ones (1971)

Cyanoethylation of 1,2,4-Triazolin-5-Ones.
Association between gravitational force and tissue metabolism in periparturient rats. (2004)

Recently, interest in mammalian reproduction and offspring survival in altered gravity has been growing. Because successful lactation is critical for mammalian neonate survival, we have been studying the effect of gravity metabolism. We have shown an exponential relationship between glucose metabolic rate in mammary tissue of periparturient rats and an increase in gravity load. In this study we showed that changes in mammary metabolic rate due to gravity force were accompanied by a decrease in glucose metabolism in adipose tissue and by a reduced size of adipocytes. We assume that these changes are likely due to changes in prolactin or leptin levels related to altered gravity load.
MMV: A Metamodeling Based Microprocessor Validation Environment (2008)

With increasing levels of integration of multiple processing cores and new features to support software functionality, recent generations of microprocessors face difficult validation challenges. The systematic validation approach starts with defining the correct behaviors of the hardware and software components and their interactions. This requires new modeling paradigms that support multiple levels of abstraction. Mutual consistency of models at adjacent levels of abstraction is crucial for manual refinement of models from the full chip level to production register transfer level, which is likely to remain the dominant design methodology of complex microprocessors in the near future. In this paper, we present microprocessor modeling and validation environment (MMV), a validation environment based on metamodeling, that can be used to create models at various abstraction levels and to generate most of the important validation collaterals, viz., simulators, checkers, coverage, and test generation tools. We illustrate the functionalities in MMV by modeling a 32-bit reduced instruction set computer processor at the system, instruction set architecture, and microarchitecture levels. We show by examples how consistency across levels is enforced during modeling and also how to generate constraints for automatic test generation.
Lipid Modulation in the Formation of β-Sheet Structures. Implications for De Novo Design of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide and the Impact on β-Cell Homeostasis (2020)

Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) corresponds to a 37-residue hormone present in insulin granules that maintains a high propensity to form β-sheet structures during co-secretion with insulin. Previously, employing a biomimetic approach, we proposed a panel of optimized IAPP sequences with only one residue substitution that shows the capability to reduce amyloidogenesis. Taking into account that specific membrane lipids have been considered as a key factor in the induction of cytotoxicity, in this study, following the same design strategy, we characterize the effect of a series of lipids upon several polypeptide domains that show the highest aggregation propensity. The characterization of the C-native segment of hIAPP (residues F<sub>23</sub>-Y<sub>37</sub>), together with novel variants F<sub>23</sub>R and I<sub>26</sub>A allowed us to demonstrate an effect upon the formation of β-sheet structures. Our results suggest that zwitterionic phospholipids promote adsorption of the C-native segments at the lipid-interface and β-sheet formation with the exception of the F<sub>23</sub>R variant. Moreover, the presence of cholesterol did not modify this behavior, and the β-sheet structural transitions were not registered when the N-terminal domain of hIAPP (K<sub>1</sub>-S<sub>20</sub>) was characterized. Considering that insulin granules are enriched in phosphatidylserine (PS), the property of lipid vesicles containing negatively charged lipids was also evaluated. We found that these types of lipids promote β-sheet conformational transitions in both the C-native segment and the new variants. Furthermore, these PS/peptides arrangements are internalized in Langerhans islet β-cells, localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, and trigger critical pathways such as unfolded protein response (UPR), affecting insulin secretion. Since this phenomenon was associated with the presence of cytotoxicity on Langerhans islet β-cells, it can be concluded that the anionic lipid environment and degree of solvation are critical conditions for the stability of segments with the propensity to form β-sheet structures, a situation that will eventually affect the structural characteristics and stability of IAPP within insulin granules, thus modifying the insulin secretion.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,10‐Diphenyl‐2H‐pyridazino(4,5‐b)quinolin‐1‐one and 2,3‐ Dihydro‐9‐phenyl‐2‐phenylamino‐1H‐pyrrolo(3,4‐b)quinolin‐1‐one Derivatives as Peripheral‐Type Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reliability and Performance of Parallel Disks (1989)

Recently, parallel disk systems have emerged as a potential solution for achieving ultra-high capacity, performance and reliability at a reasonably low cost. This emerging technology is likely to have a great impact on the market of data-storage devices for mainframe computers and large database systems [Zachary:89]. The basic idea is to disperse (or stripe data blocks over a number of small and cheap physical disks. Accessing these disks in parallel guarantees a linear speedup in the transfer rates. Moreover, introducing storage redundancy promises an ultra-high level of availability that is impossible to achieve using usual approaches. This added redundancy can be exploited to further improve the system performance by reducing the seek and latency delays of the overall system. In this paper, we investigate a number of issues related to the design of systems of parallel disks. We start with a detailed performance analysis of these systems. In this respect, we obtain expressions for th...
Self‐Protective Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of Fluorine and Nitrogen Codoped Carbon Dots (2018)

Abstract The unstable triplet excited state is a core problem when developing self‐protective room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in carbon dots (CDs). Here, fluorine and nitrogen codoped carbon dots (FNCDs) with long‐lived triplet excited states, emitting pH‐stabilized blue fluorescence and pH‐responsive green self‐protective RTP, are reported for the first time. The self‐protective RTP of FNCDs arises from n–π * electron transitions for CN/CN bonds with a small energy gap between singlet and triplet states at room temperature. Moreover, the interdot/intradot hydrogen bonds and steric protection of CF bonds reduce quenching of RTP by oxygen at room temperature. The RTP emission of FNCDs shows outstanding reversibility, while the blue fluorescence emission has good pH stability. Based on these FNCDs, a data encoding/reading strategy for advanced anticounterfeiting is proposed via time‐resolved luminescence imaging techniques, as well as steganography of complex patterns.
Feasibility of polymer gel dosimetry measurements in a dynamic porcine lung phantom (2015)

A dynamic ex-vivo porcine lung phantom combined with polymer gel dosimetry is tested as a new tool to validate modern adaptive radiotherapy techniques (e.g. gating or tracking). The gel was inserted into the lung via a latex balloon to simulate a tumor. After irradiation, the location of the dose maximum was verified, however, the dose was higher than planned and a high background signal was seen. Potential reasons for this finding are the nonstandard conditions of gel handling. These conditions were systematically studied. Besides temperature, the material of the balloon seems to be of special importance. The results identify open issues that have to be addressed in future studies.
Platelet deposition on stainless steel, spiral, and braided polylactide stents (2004)

Platelets play a key role in (sub)acute thrombotic occlusion after stenting. We examined the possible differences between biodegradable polylactide (PLA) and stainless steel (SS) stents in platelet attachment and morphology after whole blood perfusion. PLA stents of different configurations (spiral/braided) and polycaprolactone-polylactide (PCL-PLA)-coatings, or SS stents were implanted into a PVC tube (Ø 3.2 mm), with or without precoating of the tube with type-I collagen. PPACK (30 microM)-anticoagulated blood with (3)H-serotonin prelabeled platelets was perfused (flow rate: 30 ml/min, 90 s) over the stents. Platelet deposition was assessed by scintillation counting and morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To examine coagulation activation, plasma prothrombin fragments (F1 + 2) were measured before and after the perfusion. Protein deposition on PLA/SS stents was assessed at augmented shear forces mimicking coronary flow (rate: 60 ml/min, 60 s) under minimal anticoagulation (PPACK 1 microM). More platelets deposited on PLA stents than on SS stents under all study conditions (p < 0.03). Under anticoagulation (PPACK 30 microM) the generation of F1 + 2 remained unaltered. Under higher flow rate and limited anticoagulation SS stents accumulated 3.27 +/- 0.75 microg and PLA stents 5.25 +/- 1.74 microg of protein (Mean +/- SD, p <0.95). Among all biodegradable stents, the braided PLA stent coated with PCL-PLA-heparin accumulated the fewest platelets (p < 0.02). In SEM, signs of platelet activation on braided heparin-coated PLA stents, when compared with uncoated braided PLA/SS stents, appeared modest. In conclusion, PCL-PLAheparin coating of biodegradable stents may enhance their hemocompatibility, expressed by less platelet deposition. Nevertheless, materials, design, and coating techniques of biodegradable stents must be further developed.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF LYCOPODIUM ALKALOIDS: (.+‐.)‐LYCOPODINE, (.+‐.)‐LYCODINE, AND (.+‐.)‐LYCODOLINE (1982)

Abstract 1. Ausgehend vom Hydrazon (III) wird unter Verwendung des [aus dem Dion (I) in 3 Stufen erhältlichen (bekannt)] Nitrils (II) der Ether (IVa) dargestellt, dessen Folgeprodukt (IVc) [über (IVb) zugänglich] durch intramolekulare Mannich‐Reaktion das tricyclische Aminoketon (V) liefert; dieses wird dann zu (i)‐Lycopodin (VI) cyclisiert.