gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Results of Flow Nozzle Based on PTC 6 for High Reynolds Number (2014)

Discharge coefficients for three flow nozzles based on ASME PTC 6 are measured under many flow conditions at AIST, NMIJ and PTB. The uncertainty of the measurements is from 0.04% to 0.1% and the Reynolds number range is from 1.3×105 to 1.4×107. The discharge coefficients obtained by these experiments is not exactly consistent to one given by PTC 6 for all examined Reynolds number range. The discharge coefficient is influenced by the size of tap diameter even if at the lower Reynolds number region. Experimental results for the tap of 5 mm and 6 mm diameter do not satisfy the requirements based on the validation procedures and the criteria given by PTC 6. The limit of the size of tap diameter determined in PTC 6 is inconsistent with the validation check procedures of the calibration result. An enhanced methodology including the term of the tap diameter is recommended. Otherwise, it is recommended that the calibration test should be performed at as high Reynolds number as possible and the size of tap diameter is desirable to be as small as possible to obtain the discharge coefficient with high accuracy.
Syntheses and X-ray Crystal Structures of Di- and Trinuclear Trithiolate−Thioether-Bridged Complexes of Ruthenium. Electrochemistry of Mixed-Valence Triruthenium Complexes (2003)

The reaction of [(HMB)RuII(κ3SSS‘-tpdt)] (1; HMB = η6-C6Me6; tpdt = S(CH2CH2S-)2) with 0.5 molar equiv of [Cp*RuIIICl2]2 (2A; Cp* = η5-C5Me5) at ambient temperature gives a mixture of products consisting of the dinuclear complex [{RuIII(μ-1κ3SSS‘:2κ2SS-tpdt)Cl2(CH3CN)}Cp*RuIIICl] (6; 7%) and trinuclear complexes [{(HMB)RuII(μ3-1κ3SSS‘:2κS:3κS-tpdt)}{Cp*RuII(μ-Cl)}2] (7; 13%) and [{(HMB)RuII(μ-1κ3SSS‘:2κ2SS-tpdt)}RuIIICl(μ-2κ3SSS‘:3κ2SS-tpdt){Cp*RuIIICl}]Cl (8; 54%). 1 reacts with 1 molar (monomer) equiv of [RuII(COD)Cl2]n at 80 °C to give yellow solids of [(HMB)RuII(μ-1κ3SSS‘:2κ2SS-tpdt)RuII(COD)Cl2] (10) in 60% yield. [Cp*RuIII(κ3SSS‘-tpdt)] (2) reacts with [RuII(COD)Cl2]n in refluxing acetonitrile or with (PPh3)3RuIICl2 in MeOH at room temperature to give the dark green trinuclear complex [{Cp*RuIII(μ-1κ3SSS‘:2κ2SS-tpdt)}2RuIICl]Cl (12) in high yield. Treatment of 8, 10, and 12 with NH4PF6 in acetonitrile results in facile replacement of one or two chloro ligands with solvent molecules, giving PF6- salts of the chloro-bridged species [{(HMB)RuII(μ-1κ3SSS‘:2κ2SS-tpdt)}RuIII(μ-2κ3SSS‘:3κ2SS-tpdt){Cp*RuIII(μ-Cl)}](PF6)2 (9), the bis(acetonitrile) derivative [(ΗΜΒ)RuII(μ-1κ3SSS‘:2κ2SS-tpdt)RuII(COD)(CH3CN)2](PF6)2 (11), and the mono(acetonitrile) derivative [{Cp*RuIII(μ-1κ3SSS‘:2κ2SS-tpdt)}2RuII(CH3CN)](PF6)2 (13), respectively. The triruthenium complexes can be electrochemically reduced and oxidized in one and sometimes two successive one-electron steps, with many of the reduced and oxidized species being stable on the cyclic voltammetric time scale at low temperatures (−40 °C) in CH2Cl2. The location of the redox-active sites and the extent of delocalization in the species with unpaired electrons are discussed. The X-ray crystal structures of 6 and 7 and the PF6- salts of 9, 11, and 13 are reported. The molecular structure of 7 exhibits a new μ3-1κ3SSS‘:2κS:3κS-bonding mode for the tpdt ligand.
Abstract 54: MicroRNA Let-7d-3p in Heart Failure (2016)

Circulating microRNA (miRNAs) levels are dysregulated in heart failure (HF) suggesting possible diagnostic and prognostic applications. In addition, miRNAs may yield insights into the pathophysiology of HF and provide targets for therapeutic intervention. We sought to identify the diagnostic utility of miRNAs in HF and to further investigate selected miRNAs as potential targets for therapeutic intervention. We hypothesized that distinct dysregulated circulating miRNAs in HF may be potential therapeutic targets to improve outcomes for HF. Methods: Plasma from 338 well-characterized HF patients and 208 age-matched controls were collected for qPCR based miRNA profiling. Selected miRNAs of interest were further investigated using myocyte cell line, H9C2 and primary neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, NRVM. Results: Seventy-four miRNAs (AUC&gt;0.65, p&lt;0.001) were significantly dysregulated for discrimination of HF from non-HF controls on receiver-operator analysis. Seven miRNAs of interest were selected for further investigation. Of these, let-7d-3p had the most up regulated miRNA fold change=1.32 (p&lt;0.001 after FDR). Functional screening using mimic transfection demonstrated that let-7d-3p mimic increased CCK-8 activity and decreased LDH release in both H9C2 and NRVM during hypoxia. By in silico target prediction (miRDB, microRNA.org and Targetscan) and qPCR, mRNA targets YY1, KLF9, KLF12 and MEX3C were identified as candidate targets for let-7d-3p and were significantly downregulated by let-7d-3p mimic. This suggests that let-7d-3p may play a role in signaling pathways pertinent to cardiac development (YY1), cell proliferation/survival (KLF9 and KLF12) and adiposity (Mex3c). Conclusions: We identified miRNAs that were dysregulated in clinical HF and our preliminary data on let-7d-3p suggests roles in the pathophysiology of HF that warrant further investigation.
Generation and search of clustered files (1978)

A classified, or clustered file is one where related, or similar records are grouped into classes, or clusters of items in such a way that all items within a cluster are jointly retrievable. Clustered files are easily adapted to broad and narrow search strategies, and simple file updating methods are available. An inexpensive file clustering method applicable to large files is given together with appropriate file search methods. An abstract model is then introduced to predict the retrieval effectiveness of various search methods in a clustered file environment. Experimental evidence is included to test the versatility of the model and to demonstrate the role of various parameters in the cluster search process.
Tubular Packing of Spheres in Biological Fine Structure (1973)

The symmetrical arrangements of monomers into such cylindrical structures as microfilaments of actin, flagella of bacteria, microtubules of many organisms, and the protein coats of viruses can be specified by citing the index numbers of two or three sets of contact parastichies, or helical ranks of monomers, as has been done in classical studies of phyllotaxis. This specification has the form k(m, n) or k(m, n, m+n), where m, n, and ( m+n ) are parastichy numbers specifying screw displacements, and k is the jugacy, or frequency of rotational symmetry. For simple structures, k = 1. This notation has the advantage of terseness and of indicating the basic isometries of these helically symmetrical structures. Theoretical models of the packing of spheres whose centers lie on the surface of a cylinder have been investigated geometrically. Their symmetry properties are discussed. Parameters of these models, such as the angular divergence, α, the longitudinal displacement between successive spheres, h, the radius of the cylinder, and the angles of inclination of the parastichies, have been computed for representative patterns. The ultrastructural symmetry of several biological structures of this sort has been inferred by comparison with these models. Actin, for example, has the symmetry (1, 2), Salmonella flagella, 2(2, 3, 5), the tobacco mosaic virus, (1, 16, 17) and the microtubules of many higher organisms, (6, 7, 13).
New Silver Paste for Die-Attaching Ceramic Light-Emitting Diode Packages (2011)

Micrometer-sized Ag particles adsorb substantial oxygen above 200°C and a dispersion of these particles in alcohol can be successfully used as a die-attach material by sintering to form a soft porous bonding layer. The characteristics of a light-emitting diode (LED) using this Ag paste as a die-attach material were evaluated. The LED was assembled on an alumina ceramic package, which did not degrade upon sintering, with a sapphire-based InGaN LED die. The bonding strength was twice as high to the ceramic package as to a copper alloy lead frame. Thus, the Ag paste is suitable for use with LED ceramic packages as a bonding material. In addition, a significant reduction of the thermal resistance and improvement of the reliability are achieved by using the Ag sintered layer for die-attaching the ceramic LED package. To improve the bond reliability between sapphire and alumina, both of which are low-thermal-expansion materials, the thermal expansion of the Ag sintered layer was reduced by the addition of Kovar particles. The addition of Kovar particles, with or without Ag plating, to Ag particles exhibited a desirable effect. The present mounting method for LEDs was proved to be useful for die-bonding electronic components, providing an alternative technique to high-temperature high-lead soldering.
Design of a Surface Passivation Scheme for Gallium Arsenide Nanowire Solar Cells (2013)

We design a surface passivation scheme for axial junction GaAs nanowire solar cells using an AlGaAs shell layer. This design achieves 19.8% efficiency and is insensitive to doping level, surface quality, and junction position.
Moisture Loss in Tray‐Packed Fresh Fish During Eight Days Storage at 2°C (1983)

ABSTRACT Effects of moisture loss in tray‐packed fresh fillets of Flounder ( Pogonias cromis ), Red Snapper ( Litjanus blackfordii ), Croaker ( Micropogon undulatus ) and Ocean Perch ( Sebastes marinus ) were studied. The fish, purchased from seafood suppliers and processed into fillets at their prospective plants, were packaged in plastic foam trays lined with absorbent pads, overwrapped, and subsequently stored at 2°C (35.6°F) for 8 days. Gross and net weights decreased whereas the percent drip increased for all fish during storage. Except for croaker, the total moisture content remained virtually unchanged for all fillets during storage. The acceptability of all fillets decreased as the Trimethylamine‐Nitrogen concentrations increased.
Integrated molecular characterization of chondrosarcoma reveals critical determinants of disease progression (2019)

Chondrosarcomas are primary cancers of cartilaginous tissue with highly contrasting prognoses. These tumors are defined by recurrent mutations in the IDH genes and other genetic alterations including inactivation of CDKN2A and COL2A1; however, these have no clinical value. Here we use multi-omics molecular profiles from a series of cartilage tumors and find an mRNA classification that identifies two subtypes of chondrosarcomas defined by a balance in tumor differentiation and cell cycle activation. The microRNA classification reveals the importance of the loss of expression of the 14q32 locus in defining the level of malignancy. Finally, DNA methylation is associated with IDH mutations. We can use the multi-omics classifications to predict outcome. We propose an mRNA-only classifier to reproduce the integrated multi-omics classification, and its application to relapsed tumor samples shows the progressive nature of the classification. Thus, it may be possible to use mRNA-based signatures to detect patients with high-risk chondrosarcomas.
Supplementary Data from Altered Cytoplasmic-to-Nuclear Ratio of Survivin Is a Prognostic Indicator in Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Data from Altered Cytoplasmic-to-Nuclear Ratio of Survivin Is a Prognostic Indicator in Breast Cancer
Surgical treatment for diabetic vitreoretinal diseases: a review (2016)

Over the past four decades, advancements in surgical instrumentations and techniques have significantly improved the postoperative anatomical and visual outcomes of patients with various diabetic vitreoretinal diseases. In particular, surgical interventions for previously serious and untreatable blinding proliferative diabetic retinopathy can now be performed, with much better results. The advents of micro incisional vitrectomy system with better visualization system like binocular indirect ophthalmomicroscope and state-of-the-art instrumentation revolutionized the era of diabetic vitrectomy. High-speed vitrectors, finer instruments, chromo-assisted vitrectomy and use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors not only change the paradigm but also help achieve much better outcome after diabetic vitrectomies. In this review, we will discuss and summarize the indications, surgical considerations, surgical techniques, potential complications and outcomes of vitreoretinal surgery for diabetic eye diseases.
Intrinsic danger: activation of Toll-like receptors in rheumatoid arthritis (2011)

RA is a debilitating disorder that manifests as chronic localized synovial and systemic inflammation leading to progressive joint destruction. Recent advances in the molecular basis of RA highlight the role of both the innate and adaptive immune system in disease pathogenesis. Specifically, data obtained from in vivo animal models and ex vivo human tissue explants models has confirmed the central role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in RA. TLRs are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that constitute one of the primary host defence mechanisms against infectious and non-infectious insult. This receptor family is activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are host-encoded proteins released during tissue injury and cell death that activate TLRs during sterile inflammation. DAMPs are also proposed to drive aberrant stimulation of TLRs in the RA joint resulting in increased expression of cytokines, chemokines and proteases, perpetuating a vicious inflammatory cycle that constitutes the hallmark chronic inflammation of RA. In this review, we discuss the signalling mechanisms of TLRs, the central function of TLRs in the pathogenesis of RA, the role of endogenous danger signals in driving TLR activation within the context of RA and the current preclinical and clinical strategies available to date in therapeutic targeting of TLRs in RA.
Development of a head impact monitoring “Intelligent Mouthguard” (2016)

The authors present the development and laboratory system-level testing of an impact monitoring "Intelligent Mouthguard" intended to help with identification of potentially concussive head impacts and cumulative head impact dosage. The goal of Intelligent Mouthguard is to provide an indicator of potential concussion risk, and help caregiver identify athletes needing sideline concussion protocol testing. Intelligent Mouthguard may also help identify individuals who are at higher risk based on historical dosage. Intelligent Mouthguard integrates inertial sensors to provide 3-degree of freedom linear and rotational kinematics. The electronics are fully integrated into a custom mouthguard that couples tightly to the upper teeth. The combination of tight coupling and highly accurate sensor data means the Intelligent Mouthguard meets the National Football League (NFL) Level I validity specification based on laboratory system-level test data presented in this study.
Potential for Quantifying Expression of the Geobacteraceae Citrate Synthase Gene To Assess the Activity of Geobacteraceae in the Subsurface and on Current-Harvesting Electrodes (2005)

The Geobacteraceae citrate synthase is phylogenetically distinct from those of other prokaryotes and is a key enzyme in the central metabolism of Geobacteraceae. Therefore, the potential for using levels of citrate synthase mRNA to estimate rates of Geobacter metabolism was evaluated in pure culture studies and in four different Geobacteraceae-dominated environments. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR studies with mRNA extracted from cultures of Geobacter sulfurreducens grown in chemostats with Fe(III) as the electron acceptor or in batch with electrodes as the electron acceptor indicated that transcript levels of the citrate synthase gene, gltA, increased with increased rates of growth/Fe(III) reduction or current production, whereas the expression of the constitutively expressed housekeeping genes recA, rpoD, and proC remained relatively constant. Analysis of mRNA extracted from groundwater collected from a U(VI)-contaminated site undergoing in situ uranium bioremediation revealed a remarkable correspondence between acetate levels in the groundwater and levels of transcripts of gltA. The expression of gltA was also significantly greater in RNA extracted from groundwater beneath a highway runoff recharge pool that was exposed to calcium magnesium acetate in June, when acetate concentrations were high, than in October, when the levels had significantly decreased. It was also possible to detect gltA transcripts on current-harvesting anodes deployed in freshwater sediments. These results suggest that it is possible to monitor the in situ metabolic rate of Geobacteraceae by tracking the expression of the citrate synthase gene.
New diagnostic methods for laser plasma- and microwave-enhanced combustion (2015)

The study of pulsed laser- and microwave-induced plasma interactions with atmospheric and higher pressure combusting gases requires rapid diagnostic methods that are capable of determining the mechanisms by which these interactions are taking place. New rapid diagnostics are presented here extending the capabilities of Rayleigh and Thomson scattering and resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) detection and introducing femtosecond laser-induced velocity and temperature profile imaging. Spectrally filtered Rayleigh scattering provides a method for the planar imaging of temperature fields for constant pressure interactions and line imaging of velocity, temperature and density profiles. Depolarization of Rayleigh scattering provides a measure of the dissociation fraction, and multi-wavelength line imaging enables the separation of Thomson scattering from Rayleigh scattering. Radar REMPI takes advantage of high-frequency microwave scattering from the region of laser-selected species ionization to extend REMPI to atmospheric pressures and implement it as a stand-off detection method for atomic and molecular species in combusting environments. Femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (FLEET) generates highly excited molecular species and dissociation through the focal zone of the laser. The prompt fluorescence from excited molecular species yields temperature profiles, and the delayed fluorescence from recombining atomic fragments yields velocity profiles.
Radiation less feeder type excited wideband Tchebychev tapered slotline antenna (1998)

Efficiency, bandwidth, light weight and geometric simplicity are the most cruccial requirements for antennas designed for some specific applications like the emergence of new application areas in the fixed and mobile communications. One of the most desirable candidates catering for these demands is the tapered slot antenna (TSA), which belongs to a group of endfire traveling wave antennas. The most attractive of the TSAs in contrast to other kinds of planar antennas are that it can work over a large frequency bandwidth, low cost, easy fabrication, low profile and produce a symmetric endfire beam with appreciable gain and low sidelobes. In this paper, a new configuration of Tapered Slot Antenna (TSA) with an improved return loss and radiation pattern is presented. The new design has tapered section expressed by the Tchebychev function. In addition, a new technique, using CPW to slotline transition in order to couple the CPW to the slotline input of the Tchebychev antenna is introduced. This transition offered the advantage of an inline port geometry suitable for array applications.
Signaling Receptors for TGF-β Family Members (2016)

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family members signal via heterotetrameric complexes of type I and type II dual specificity kinase receptors. The activation and stability of the receptors are controlled by posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, and neddylation, as well as by interaction with other proteins at the cell surface and in the cytoplasm. Activation of TGF-β receptors induces signaling via formation of Smad complexes that are translocated to the nucleus where they act as transcription factors, as well as via non-Smad pathways, including the Erk1/2, JNK and p38 MAP kinase pathways, and the Src tyrosine kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, and Rho GTPases.
Parkin potentiates ATP‐induced currents due to activation of P2X receptors in PC12 cells (2006)

Loss-of-function mutations of the parkin gene causes an autosomal recessive juvenile-onset form of Parkinson's disease (AR-JP). Parkin was shown to function as a RING-type E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. However, the function of parkin in neuronal cells remains elusive. Here, we show that expression of parkin-potentiated adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced currents that result from activation of the P2X receptors which are widely distributed in the brain and involved in neurotransmission. ATP-induced inward currents were measured in mock-, wild-type or mutant (T415N)-parkin-transfected PC12 cells under the conventional whole-cell patch clamp configuration. The amplitude of ATP-induced currents was significantly greater in wild-type parkin-transfected cells. However, the immunocytochemical study showed no apparent increase in the number of P2X receptors or in ubiquitin levels. The increased currents were attenuated by inhibition of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) but not protein kinase C (PKC) or Ca2+ and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII). ATP-induced currents were also regulated by phosphatases and cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 (CDK5) via dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32), though the phosphorylation at Thr-34 and Thr-75 were unchanged or rather attenuated. We also tried to investigate the effect of alpha-synuclein, a substrate of parkin and also forming Lysine 63-linked multiubiquitin chains. Expression of alpha-synuclein did not affect the amplitude of ATP-induced currents. Our finding provides the evidence for a relationship between parkin and a neurotransmitter receptor, suggesting that parkin may play an important role in synaptic activity.
Laparoscopic Incidental Appendectomy (1991)

The benefits and risks of laparoscopic incidental appendectomy are discussed. We believe a case for laparoscopic incidental appendectomy can be made for patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy for lower abdominal pain in whom either no cause is found, or in whom a cause other than appendicitis is discovered. No benefit from incidental appendectomy can be shown for patients undergoing laparoscopy for other disorders.
Use of Dummy Variables in Testing for Equality between Sets of Coefficients in Linear Regressions: A Generalization (1970)

(1970). Use of Dummy Variables in Testing for Equality between Sets of Coefficients in Linear Regressions: A Generalization. The American Statistician: Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 18-22.
Additive Differential Pulse Voltammetry for the Study of Slow Charge Transfer Processes at Spherical Electrodes (2010)

Abstract The application of additive differential pulse voltammetry to the study of the kinetics of a charge transfer process is studied. A simple analytical solution is presented, valid for spherical electrodes of any size and for electrode processes of any reversibility. From this solution, valuable diagnostic criteria for the elucidation of the electrochemical reversibility are established based on the variation of the ADPV signal with the duration of the potential pulses, the electrode radius and the pulse height. Working curves for the determination of the kinetic parameters are also given. The value of the ADPV technique is experimentally demonstrated by studying the kinetics of the reduction of 3‐nitrophenolate − and europium 3+ at mercury hemispherical microelectrodes.