gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unprecedented flexibility of the 1,1′-bis(o-carborane) ligand: catalytically-active species stabilised by B-agostic B–H⇀Ru interactions (2015)

Doubly-deprotonated 1,1'-bis(o-carborane) reacts with [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 to afford [Ru(κ3-2,2',3'-{1-(1'-1',2'-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(p-cymene)] (1) in which 1,1'-bis(o-carborane) acts as an X2-(C,C')L ligand where "L" is a B3'–H3'⇀Ru B-agostic interaction, fluctional over four BH units (3', 6', 3 and 6)at 298 K but partially arrested at 203 K (B3' and B6'). This interaction is readily cleaved by CO affording [Ru-(κ2-2,2'-{1-(1'-1',2'-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(p-cymene)(CO)] (2) with the 1,1'-bis(o-carborane)simply an X2(C,C') ligand. With PPh3 or dppe 1 yields [Ru(κ3-2,3',3-{1-(1'-1',2'-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(PPh3)2] (3) or [Ru(κ3-2,3',3-{1-(1'-1',2'-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(dppe)] (4)via unusually facile loss of the η-(p-cymene) ligand. In 3 and 4 the 1,1'-bis(o-carborane) has unexpectedly transformed into an X2(C,B')L ligand with "L" now a B3–H3⇀Ru B-agostic bond. Unlike in 1 the B-agostic bonding in 3 and 4 appears non-fluctional at 298 K. With CO the B-agostic interaction of 3 is cleaved and a PPh3 ligand is lost to afford [Ru(κ2-2,3'-{1-(1'-1',2'-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(CO)3(PPh3)](5), which exists as a 1 : 1 mixture of isomers, one having PPh3 trans to C2, the other trans to B3'. With MeCN the analogous product [Ru(κ2-2,3'-{1-(1'-1',2'-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(MeCN)3(PPh3)] (6) is formed as only the former isomer. With CO 4 affords [Ru(κ2-2,3'-{1-(1'-1',2'-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(CO)2(dppe)] (7), whilst with MeCN 4 yields [Ru(κ2-2,3'-{1-(1'-1',2'-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(MeCN)2(dppe)] (8). In 5 and 6 the three common ligands (CO or MeCN)are meridional, whilst in 7 and 8 the two monodentate ligands are mutually trans. Compound 1 is an 18-e,6-co-ordinate, species but with a labile B-agostic interaction and 3 and 4 are 16-e, formally 5-co-ordinate,species also including a B-agostic interaction, and thus all three have the potential to act as Lewis acid catalysts. A 1% loading of 1 catalyses the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene and methacrolein in CH2Cl2 with full conversion after 6 h at 298 K, affording the product with exo diastereoselectivity(de >77%). Compounds 1-8 are fully characterised spectroscopically and crystallographically.
Scanning transients in phased-array antennas (1974)

The effect of transients in phased arrays caused by the time variation of element phases is considered. The case in which the beam is continuously scanned is analyzed and the deterioration of main beam studied in some detail. For the linear scan, an upper limit on the scanning rate is found such that there is negligible effect on the pattern.
The Hanging Drop to Locate the Pleural Space: A Safer Method for Decompression of Suspected Tension Pneumothorax? (2010)

From 243 The Wessex Field Hospital (Volunteers), Keynsham, Bristol, United Kingdom; and Department of Anaesthesia, The Great Western Hospitals NHS Trust, Swindon, Wiltshire, United Kingdom. Submitted for publication August 12, 2008. Accepted for publication July 19, 2010. Address for reprints: William Benedict Maxwell, MA (Oxon), MB BS, MRCP, FRCA, Department of Anaesthesia, The Great Western Hospital, Marlborough Road, Swindon SN3 6BB, Wiltshire, United Kingdom; email: [email protected].
Alkaloids ofThalictrum angustifolium (2002)

Fractionation and chromatography of the ethanolic extract of the roots of Thalictrum angustifolium L. (Ranunculaceae) afforded five alkaloids: noroxyhydrastinine (1), O-methylthalicberine (2), berberine iodide (3), jatrorrhizine iodide (4), magnoflorine iodide (5). In addition, one simple aromatic compound, methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (6), was also isolated. These compounds were identified via comparison of their spectral data with authentic compounds or spectra available within our laboratory. This is the first reported isolation of these compounds from this species.
A New Look at the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Its Neighbors (1985)

The status of the eye in both healthy and diseased states depends to a great extent on the behavior of its cellular constituents. The behavior of these cells is in a dynamic state determined in part by the intrinsic nature of the individual cell type and in part by a multitude of signals impinging on the cell. There is currently a great effort among biomedical scientists to understand the way in which these external stimuli affect cell behavior. Two important types of signals that affect cellular behavior are those derived from the extracellular matrix surrounding the cell and those derived from other cells within the vicinity of the responding cell. In the latter case, cells send signals to one another that modify their individual and aggregate behavior. Some of these cell-cell interactions are addressed by two pioneer studies published in this issue of theArchives.<sup>1,2</sup>These studies begin to
Integrated numerical-experimental design of laser shock processing treatments of metallic alloys for high-reliability applications (2023)

Laser Shock Processing (LSP) has been demonstrated as an effective technology for improving surface and mechanical properties of metals. The main recognized advantages of the technique consist in its capability of inducing a relatively deep compression residual stresses field allowing an improved mechanical behaviour against fatigue crack initiation and growth, mechanical wear and stress corrosion. Although significant experimental work has been performed in order to explore the optimum conditions for the application of the treatments and to assess their capability to provide enhanced mechanical properties, only limited attempts have been developed in the way of physical understanding of the characteristic processes and transformations taking place under the LSP regime. In the present paper, the integrated numerical-experimental approach to LSP processes design developed by the authors is presented, the incorporation of increasingly more accurate models for the characterization of metallic materials behaviour under LSP conditions being an always present objective. Different practical results at laboratory scale on the application of the LSP technique to different materials with different irradiation parameters are presented along with physical interpretations of the induced mechanical effects. Concrete issues as laser-plasma interaction in the ns, GW/cm<sup>2</sup> regime, material behaviour description for cyclically compressed matter, numerical simulation methods for the coupled plasma-thermomechanic analysis, practical implementation of the technique according to different approaches, etc. are discussed in the view of the last developments contributed by the authors and, finally, a tentative summary of the still open questions for the better knowledge and control of the process is presented.
The role of statins in clinical medicine -LDL - cholesterol lowering and beyond (2006)

In the past years, statins have emerged as the most important class of lipid lowering agents. Through inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, they restrict the rate-limiting step of cholesterol synthesis, which leads to upregulation of LDL receptors on the cell membrane and thus reduction of atherogenic LDLs. This effect translates into clinical benefit by reducing cardiovascular events both in primary and secondary prevention settings. As an approximate rule, statin therapy leads to a relative risk reduction of 25-30% in most of the large randomised controlled trials. Stroke risk is reduced to a similar degree. Despite initial concerns, the currently available statins have a favourable safety profile; however, potential interactions with other drugs must be considered. Recently, characteristics unrelated to LDL lowering have been intensively studied. These pleiotropic statin effects result from decreased levels of isoprenoid intermediates of cholesterol synthesis. They include--among others--anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and immunomodulatory actions. Pleiotropic effects favourably influence pathomechanisms of plaque formation. Furthermore, they may prove beneficial in the prevention or treatment of diseases unrelated to atherosclerosis, eg rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, or cancer.
Bacteriorhodopsin: Tunable Optical Nonlinear Magnetic Response (2011)

We report on a strong and tunable magnetic optical nonlinear response of Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) under "off resonance" femtosecond (fs) pulse excitation, by detecting the polarization map of the noncollinear second harmonic signal of an oriented BR film, as a function of the input beam power. BR is a light-driven proton pump with a unique photochemistry initiated by the all trans retinal chromophore embedded in the protein. An elegant application of this photonic molecular machine has been recently found in the new area of optogenetics, where genetic expression of BR in brain cells conferred a light responsivity to the cells enabling thus specific stimulation of neurons. The observed strong tunable magnetic nonlinear response of BR might trigger promising applications in the emerging area of pairing optogenetics and functional magnetic resonance imaging susceptible to provide an unprecedented complete functional mapping of neural circuits.
Urinary proteomics links keratan sulfate degradation and lysosomal enzymes to early type 1 diabetes (2020)

Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Our understanding of the early kidney response to chronic hyperglycemia remains incomplete. To address this, we first investigated the urinary proteomes of otherwise healthy youths with and without type 1 diabetes and subsequently examined the enriched pathways that might be dysregulated in early disease using systems biology approaches. This cross-sectional study included two separate cohorts for the discovery (N = 30) and internal validation (N = 30) of differentially excreted proteins. Discovery proteomics was performed on a Q Exactive Plus hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer. We then searched the pathDIP, KEGG, and Reactome databases to identify enriched pathways in early diabetes; the Integrated Interactions Database to retrieve protein-protein interaction data; and the PubMed database to compare fold changes of our signature proteins with those published in similarly designed studies. Proteins were selected for internal validation based on pathway enrichment and availability of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Of the 2451 proteins identified, 576 were quantified in all samples from the discovery cohort; 34 comprised the urinary signature for early diabetes after Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment (Q < 0.05). The top pathways associated with this signature included lysosome, glycosaminoglycan degradation, and innate immune system (Q < 0.01). Notably, all enzymes involved in keratan sulfate degradation were significantly elevated in urines from youths with diabetes (|fold change| > 1.6). Increased urinary excretion of monocyte differentiation antigen CD14, hexosaminidase A, and lumican was also observed in the validation cohort (P < 0.05). Twenty-one proteins from our signature have been reported elsewhere as potential mediators of early diabetes. In this study, we identified a urinary proteomic signature for early type 1 diabetes, of which lysosomal enzymes were major constituents. Our findings highlight novel pathways such as keratan sulfate degradation in the early kidney response to hyperglycemia.
Object Detection in Bin Scene without CAD Model (2018)

Bin picking robot plays an important role in automated manufacturing in industries. One of the most important techniques of bin picking robot is object detection or pose estimation in bin scene, and recently various methods reported good performance. Some industrial parts have its 3D CAD model that can represent whole shape of those parts; hence these methods are based on comparing the model of target object with the scene measured by camera or 3D sensors. However, almost all foods handled at factory do not have fixed shape against the recent demand of automating pick and place task. Therefore model-based techniques cannot be applied. In this paper, we propose a method of object detection without its 3D CAD model by utilizing target surface area information and concavity of boundaries between respective individuals. We evaluate proposed method against some foods and show the effectiveness of the method.
Direct Identification of Dilute Surface Spins on Al2O3: Origin of Flux Noise in Quantum Circuits (2017)

An on-chip electron spin resonance technique is applied to reveal the nature and origin of surface spins on Al2O3. We measure a spin density of 2.2×1017 spins/m2, attributed to physisorbed atomic hydrogen and S=1/2 electron spin states on the surface. This is direct evidence for the nature of spins responsible for flux noise in quantum circuits, which has been an issue of interest for several decades. Our findings open up a new approach to the identification and controlled reduction of paramagnetic sources of noise and decoherence in superconducting quantum devices.
Test results on pulsed cesium amalgam flashlamps for solid state laser pumping (1991)

Initial tests on experimental cesium amalgam flashlamps have yielded promising results. These lamps will pump Nd:YAG lasers with efficiencies that are comparable to those of conventional xenon and krypton flashlamps, but with substantially longer lamp life due to the vapor replenishment of the cesium cathode activator.
Tolerance for random recombination of domains in prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation systems: Limited interdomain misfolding in a eukaryotic translation system (2006)

It has been proposed that eukaryotic translation systems have a greater capacity for cotranslational folding of domains than prokaryotic translation systems, which reduces interdomain misfolding in multidomain proteins and, therefore, leads to tolerance for random recombination of domains. However, there has been a controversy as to whether prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation systems differ in the capacity for cotranslational domain folding. Here, to examine whether these systems differ in the tolerance for the random domain recombination, we systematically combined six proteins, out of which four are soluble and two are insoluble when produced in an Escherichia coli and a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis systems, to construct a fusion protein library. Forty out of 60 two-domain proteins and 114 out of 120 three-domain proteins were more soluble when produced in the wheat system than in the E. coli system. Statistical analyses of the solubilities and the activities indicated that, in the wheat system but not in the E. coli system, the two soluble domains comprised mainly of beta-sheets tend to avoid interdomain misfolding and to fold properly even at the neighbor of the misfolded domains. These results demonstrate that a eukaryotic system permits the concomitance of a wider variety of domains within a single polypeptide chain than a prokaryotic system, which is probably due to the difference in the capacity for cotranslational folding. This difference is likely to be related to the postulated difference in the tolerance for random recombination of domains.
Color Deterioration in Frozen French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) (1964)

SUMMARY Examination of 12 commercial frozen bean packs showed two forms of color deterioration. The first resulted in conversion of chlorophyll to pheophytin, and the second caused destruction of both chlorophyll and pheophytin. It is shown that both forms of degradation may be related to the process of fat peroxidation. The conversion of chlorophyll to pheophytin may occur during the anaerobic initiation stage of fat peroxidation. Destruction may occur during the aerobic propagation stage.
Model checking and evidence exploration (2004)

We present an algebraic framework for evidence exploration: the process of interpreting, manipulating, and navigating the proof structure or evidence produced by a model checker when attempting to verify a system specification for a temporal-logic property. Due to the sheer size of such evidence, single-step traversal is prohibitive and smarter exploration methods are required. Evidence exploration allows users to explore evidence through smaller, manageable views, which are definable in relational graph algebra, a natural extension of relational algebra to graph structures such as model-checking evidence. We illustrate the utility of our approach by applying the Evidence Explorer, our tool implementation of the evidence-exploration framework, to the Java meta-locking algorithm, a highly optimized technique deployed by the Java Virtual Machine to ensure mutually exclusive access to object monitor queues by threads.
A Minimal Realization Technique for the Dynamical Structure Function of a Class of LTI Systems (2015)

The dynamical structure function of a linear time invariant (LTI) system reveals causal dependencies among manifest variables without specifying any particular relationships among the unmeasured states of the system. As such, it is a useful representation for complex networks where a coarse description of global system structure is desired without detailing the intricacies of a full state realization. In this paper, we consider the problem of finding a minimal state realization for a given dynamical structure function. Interestingly, some dynamical structure functions require uncontrollable modes in their state realizations to deliver the desired input-output behavior while respecting a specified system structure. As a result, the minimal order necessary to realize a particular dynamical structure function may be greater than that necessary to realize its associated transfer function. Although finding a minimal realization for a given dynamical structure function is difficult in general, we present a straightforward procedure here that works for a simplified class of systems.
Metabolic effects of sub-chronic ablation of the incretin receptors by daily administration of (Pro3)GIP and exendin(9–39)amide in obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice (2007)

Effects of chemical ablation of the GIP and GLP-1 receptors on metabolic aspects of obesity-diabetes were investigated using the stable receptor antagonists (Pro3)GIP and exendin(9-39)amide. Ob/ob mice received a daily i.p. injection of saline vehicle, (Pro3)GIP, exendin(9-39)amide or a combination of both peptides over a 14-day period. Non-fasting plasma glucose levels were significantly (p<0.05) lower in (Pro3)GIP-treated mice compared to control mice after just 9 days of treatment. (Pro3)GIP-treated mice also displayed significantly lower plasma glucose concentrations in response to feeding and intraperitoneal administration of either glucose or insulin (p<0.05 to p<0.001). The (Pro3)GIP-treated group also exhibited significantly (p<0.05) reduced pancreatic insulin content. Acute administration of exendin(9-39)amide immediately prior to re-feeding completely annulled the beneficial effects of sub-chronic (Pro3)GIP treatment, but non-fasting concentrations of active GLP-1 were unchanged. Combined sub-chronic administration of (Pro3GIP) with exendin(9-39)amide revealed no beneficial effects. Similarly, daily administration of exendin(9-39)amide alone had no significant effects on any of the metabolic parameters measured. These studies highlight an important role for GIP in obesity-related forms of diabetes, suggesting the possible involvement of GLP-1 in the beneficial actions of GIP receptor antagonism.
Stabilization of Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Type IIβ by Interaction with Hsp90 (2011)

Mammalian cells express two isoforms of type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase: PI4KIIα and PI4KIIβ. PI4KIIα exists almost exclusively as a constitutively active integral membrane protein because of its palmitoylation (Barylko, B., Gerber, S. H., Binns, D. D., Grichine, N., Khvotchev, M., Südhof, T. C., and Albanesi, J. P. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 7705-7708). In contrast, PI4KIIβ is distributed almost evenly between membranes and cytosol. Whereas the palmitoylated membrane-bound pool is catalytically active, the cytosolic kinase is inactive (Wei, Y. J., Sun, H. Q., Yamamoto, M., Wlodarski, P., Kunii, K., Martinez, M., Barylko, B., Albanesi, J. P., and Yin, H. L. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 46586-46593; Jung, G., Wang, J., Wlodarski, P., Barylko, B., Binns, D. D., Shu, H., Yin, H. L., and Albanesi, J. P. (2008) Biochem. J. 409, 501-509). In this study, we identify the molecular chaperone Hsp90 as a binding partner of PI4KIIβ, but not of PI4KIIα. Geldanamycin (GA), a specific Hsp90 inhibitor, disrupts the Hsp90-PI4KIIβ interaction and destabilizes PI4KIIβ, reducing its half-life by 40% and increasing its susceptibility to ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Cytosolic PI4KIIβ is much more sensitive to GA treatment than is the integrally membrane-associated species. Exposure to GA induces a partial redistribution of PI4KIIβ from the cytosol to membranes and, with brief GA treatments, a corresponding increase in cellular phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity. Stimuli such as PDGF receptor activation that also induce recruitment of the kinase to membranes disrupt the Hsp90-PI4KIIβ interaction to a similar extent as GA treatment. These results support a model wherein Hsp90 interacts predominantly with the cytosolic, inactive pool of PI4KIIβ, shielding it from proteolytic degradation but also sequestering it to the cytosol until an extracellular stimulus triggers its translocation to the Golgi or plasma membrane and subsequent activation.
Thianthrene 5-oxide as a mechanistic probe for assessing the electronic character of oxygen-transfer agents (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThianthrene 5-oxide as a mechanistic probe for assessing the electronic character of oxygen-transfer agentsWaldemar Adam, Wolfgang Haas, and Braj B. LohrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 16, 6202–6208Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00016a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00016a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views377Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts