gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bandpass ΔΣ A/D convertor using two-path multibit structure (1991)

The concept of an N-path bandpass ΔΣ A/D convertor is introduced. A multibit sixth-order SC implementation is described. The new scheme appears to be very effective for the realisation of the narrowband bandpass delta-sigma modulators needed for communication applications.
Monitoring of the UK Internal Market (2021)

The parts of the Act covered by this chapter concern what might be called the administration of the Act, as opposed to its application by courts in legal proceedings. The bulk of the chapter deals with the advisory and reporting role, and associated information-gathering powers, given to the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA), and to specially constituted panels of the CMA in particular, in Part 4 of the Act. The final sections of the chapter deal with sections 12 and 13, which confer powers and duties on the Secretary of State in relation to guidance and review of the use of the Secretary of State’s powers of amendment.
Measurements of the branching fractions ofB0→K*0K+K−,B0→K*0π+K−,B0→K*0K+π−, andB0→K*0π+π− (2007)

Branching fraction measurements of charmless ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}{h}_{1}^{+}{h}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ (${h}_{1,2}=K$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$) decays are presented, using a data sample of $383\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}B\overline{B}$ decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy $B$-meson factory at SLAC. The results are $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(27.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(4.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, and $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(54.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$. The first errors quoted are statistical and the second are systematic. An upper limit is set for $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})&lt;2.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ at 90% confidence level. We also present measurements of $CP$-violating asymmetries for the observed decays.
Substrate specificity of human ribonucleotide reductase from Molt-4F cells. (1979)

Nucleoside triphosphates were examined as the activator for various nucleoside diphosphate reductions catalyzed by a highly purified ribonucleotide reductase obtained from Molt-4F cultured human cells. It was found that cytidine 5'-diphosphate and uridine diphosphate reductions are activated by adenosine 5'-triphosphate with apparent Ka's of 0.63 +/- 0.03 (S.E.) and 1.25 +/- 0.10 mM, respectively. Guanosine 5' diphosphate reduction is activated by deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate with an apparent Ka of 1.25 +/- 0.11 microM, and adenosine 5'-diphosphate reduction is activated by guanosine 5'-triphosphate or deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate with an apparent Ka of 1.1 +/- 0.09 or 1.1 +/- 0.08 mM, respectively. In the presence of saturating amounts of their best activating nucleoside triphosphates, the Km's of various nucleotide diphosphates for this purified enzyme were studied. Double reciprocal plots of velocity against substrate concentration were found to be linear for all four substrates in the concentration range tested and yielded apparent Km's of 7 +/- 0.3 microM for cytidine 5'-diphosphate, 80 +/- 6.5 microM for adenosine 5'-diphosphate, 33 +/- 3.1 microM for guanosine 5'-diphosphate, 50 +/- 2.0 microM for uridine 5'-diphosphate. The reduction of one ribonucleoside diphosphate could be inhibited by other ribonucleoside diphosphates in a noncompetitive manner.
Ocular Biocompatibility and Structural Integrity of Micro- and Nanostructured Poly(caprolactone) Films (2013)

The identification of biomaterials that are well tolerated in the eye is important for the development of new ocular drug delivery devices and implants, and the application of micro- and nanoengineered devices to biomedical treatments is predicated on the long-term preservation within the target organ or tissue of the very small functional design elements. This study assesses the ocular tolerance and durability of micro- and nanostructured biopolymer thin films injected or implanted into the rabbit eye. Structured poly(caprolactone) (PCL) thin films were placed in adult rabbit eyes for survival studies, with serial ophthalmic examinations over 6 months. Morphologic abnormalities and device/tissue reactions were evaluated by histologic studies, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of films was used to determine the structural integrity. Structured PCL thin films (20- to 40-μm thick) were constructed to design specifications with 50-μm linear microgrooves or arrays of nanopores with ~30-nm diameters. After up to 9 months of ocular residency, SEM on devices retrieved from the eye showed preservation of micro- and nanostructural features. In ocular safety evaluations carried out over 6 months, serial examinations in 18 implanted eyes showed no evidence of chronic inflammation, cataractogenesis, or retinal toxicity. Postoperative ocular inflammation was seen in 67% of eyes for 1 week, and persistent corneal edema occurred in 1 eye. Histology revealed no ocular inflammation or morphologic abnormalities of ocular tissues. Thin-film/tissue responses such as cellular reaction, fibrosis, or surface biodeposits were not seen. Micro- and nanostructured PCL thin films exhibited acceptable ocular tolerance and maintained the structural integrity of design features while residing in the eye. Thin-film micro- and nanostructured PCL appears to be a feasible biomaterial for intraocular therapeutic applications.
Preclinical evaluation of a novel engineered recombinant human anti-CD44v6 antibody for potential use in radio-immunotherapy (2018)

CD44v6 is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, rendering it a promising target for radio-immunotherapy (RIT). In this study, we have characterized a novel engineered recombinant monoclonal anti-CD44v6 antibody, AbN44v6, and assessed its potential for use in RIT using either 177Lu or 131I as therapeutic radionuclides. In vitro affinity and specificity assays characterized the binding of the antibody labeled with 177Lu, 125I or 131I. The therapeutic effects of 177Lu-AbN44v6 and 131I-AbN44v6 were investigated using two in vitro 3D tumor models with different CD44v6 expression. Finally, the normal tissue biodistribution and dosimetry for 177Lu-AbN44v6 and 125I-AbN44v6/131I-AbN44v6 were assessed in vivo using a mouse model. All AbN44v6 radioconjugates demonstrated CD44v6-specific binding in vitro. In the in vitro 3D tumor models, dose-dependent therapeutic effects were observed with both 177Lu-AbN44v6 and 131I-AbN44v6, with a greater significant therapeutic effect observed on the cells with a higher CD44v6 expression. Biodistribution experiments demonstrated a greater uptake of 177Lu-AbN44v6 in the liver, spleen and bone, compared to 125I-AbN44v6, whereas 125I-AbN44v6 demonstrated a longer circulation time. In dosimetric calculations, the critical organs for 177Lu-AbN44v6 were the liver and spleen, whereas the kidneys and red marrow were considered the critical organs for 131I-AbN44v6. The effective dose was in the order of 0.1 mSv/MBq for both labels. In conclusion, AbN44v6 bound specifically and with high affinity to CD44v6. Furthermore, in vitro RIT demonstrated growth inhibition in a CD44v6-specific activity-dependent manner for both radioconjugates, demonstrating that both 177Lu-AbN44v6 and 131I-AbN44v6 may be promising RIT candidates. Furthermore, biodistribution and dosimetric analysis supported the applicability of both conjugates for RIT. The CD44v6-specific therapeutic effects observed with radiolabeled AbN44v6 in the 3D tumor models in vitro, combined with the beneficial dosimetry in vivo, render AbN44v6 a potential candidate for RIT.
Determination of dissociable groups in natural and regenerated cellulose fibers by different titration methods (2004)

Abstract Different titration methods were applied with the purpose to determine the dissociation properties of a natural (cotton) and regenerated (viscose, modal and lyocell) cellulose fibers. Potentiometric and conductometric titration were used to determine the content of acidic groups. pK values were determined by potentiometric titration. Polyelectrolyte adsorption was used for surface and total charge determination, and to obtain information about charge location and accessibility of charged groups. It was found that the average content of acidic groups is higher in cotton fibers than in regenerated fibers. The fiber charge of cotton is due to the dissociation of two type of acidic groups, one with pK ≈3.5 and the other with pK ≈5.5. In regenerated fibers there is only one type of acidic groups (pK ≈3.5). The pK value of the stronger acid is typical for carboxyl group in uronic acids. The polyelectrolyte adsorption indicates that most of the carboxyl groups are located in an inner region of all cellulose samples (cotton and regenerated fibers). It is concluded that titration methods are powerful tools for monitoring the content, strength, and distribution of acidic groups, as well as the total charge of natural and regenerated cellulose fibers. The three methods give similar results on all analyzed samples and show good repeatability. The results of investigation make it quite clear that combination of all titrations yields relevant information about content and strength of acidic groups in both natural and regenerated cellulose fibers used in the manufacture of textiles. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3186–3195, 2004
ChemInform Abstract: Acetonides of Heptonolactones: Kiliani Ascension of 3‐O‐Benzyl‐D‐ glucose and 3‐O‐Benzyl‐D‐allose. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New Class of Solvent‐Sensitive Fluorescent Labels. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Estimation of Multiple-Cycle Desulfurization Performance for Extremely Low-Concentration Sulfur Removal with Sorbent Containing Zinc Ferrite−Silicon Dioxide Composite Powder (2002)

A sulfidation reaction model was built to estimate the durability of the deep desulfurization performance of zinc ferrite sorbent in a fixed bed reactor. The model is based on detailed change in sulfur capacity of zinc and iron during multiple desulfurization cycles in pressurized coal gas conditions. The model estimated the relation between the breakthrough time and the sulfur capacities of the sorbent. The relation between the breakthrough time of the sorbent bed and each sulfur capacity was estimated at various sulfur loads to the reactor, which indicated that the breakthrough time strongly depends on the change in zinc sulfur capacity. Extrapolation of experimental data for the initial 20 cycles of desulfurization suggested that zinc sulfur capacity might level off at around 40% of its initial value within 50 cycles. If the stabilization of zinc sulfur capacity is established, breakthrough time is maintained at around 70% of that of fresh sorbent over more than 500 repetitions of multiple desulfurization cycles. It was also suggested that the verification of the stabilization effect require multiple cycle testing over more than 50 cycles.
Prognostic Relevance of Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) Expression in B-CLL. (2004)

Abstract We investigated the pattern of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and assessed its prognostic and potential functional relevance. LPL mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from 55 CLL patients differed by 2 orders of magnitude between cases with mutated (N=28) or unmutated (N=27) IGVH (median: 1.62 vs. 100.43 compared to normal PBMNC). LPL expression correlated strongly with IGVH mutational status (R=0.78; P&lt;0.0001). High LPL expression (≥ 10) predicted unmutated IGVH status with an odds ratio of 128.71 (P &lt; 0.0001) and discriminated between mutated and unmutated cases in 51 of 55 patients (93%). In an extended cohort of 104 patients, a trend for LPL as a prognostic factor regarding overall survival was found: While the median overall survival (OS) in patients with LPL expression of more than 10 was 105 months, the median OS was not reached in the low LPL group. Importantly, high LPL expression (≥ 10) was significantly associated with a short treatment-free survival (median 40 vs. 96 months, P = 0.001). By indirect immunofluorescence, LPL was detected in the cytoplasm of leukemic B-CLL cells and showed intense, large granular and punctate distribution. Fine granular and diffuse staining was observed in monocytes but no immunoreactivity was detected in T- cells. In order to compare the LPL protein expression unmutated (LPL mRNA high) and mutated (LPL mRNA low) samples from 10 patients (5 mutated and 5 unmutated) were prepared and stained under identical conditions.The intensity of intracellular immunoreactivity to LPL antibody in B-CLL cells was higher in each unmutated compared to the mutated samples. In order to investigate the association of LPL with other genes we performed gene expression profiling on 12 patient samples selected for high or low LPL yielding 251 differentially expressed genes: 171 genes associated with LPL only (group 1), 58 genes with LPL and mutational status (group 2) and 22 genes with mutational status only (group 3). While group 2 and 3 contained a number of genes previously described by Rosenwald and Klein*, a considerable number of genes associated with lipid metabolism were clustered in group 1, indicating a functional role of LPL in B-CLL cells. Our data establish LPL as a prognostic marker and suggest functional consequences of LPL overexpression in patients with B-CLL. *J Exp Med 2001
Colon-Adhering Delivery System with Inflammation Responsiveness for Localized Therapy of Experimental Colitis (2023)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammation-related disease that severely affects the colon and rectum regions. A variety of therapy regimens are used for the treatment of UC. Clinically, therapeutic enema is the choice of therapy for UC patients. Irrespective of on-site administration, the major limitation of therapeutic enemas is the dispossession of the medicine followed by low drug availability for the therapeutic action. In our present work, we have developed an enzyme-responsive injectable hydrogel (ER-hydrogel) to overcome the limitations of therapeutic enema. The hydrogels possess two major advantages, which are being exploited for therapeutic drug delivery in UC: prolonged retention and enzyme responsiveness. The former is one of the prominent advantages of hydrogel compared to free drug enema and the latter controls the release of the drug or provides drug release on-demand. The ER-hydrogel was formulated by the heat-cool method and for therapeutic purposes, a corticosteroid drug, budesonide (Bud), was encapsulated into the ER-hydrogel and evaluated for its various physicochemical and therapeutic potentials in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC. In vitro and ex vivo adhesion studies confirm the retention or mucoadhesive nature of the ER-hydrogel, and the upsurge in Bud release from the Bud-loaded ER-hydrogel upon the addition of esterase enzyme confirms the enzyme-mediated drug release from the ER-hydrogel. Moreover, Bud-loaded ER-hydrogel exhibited promising results in alleviating the disease activity index of UC, and restored the length of the colon, which is the main hallmark of UC. In terms of the health of the colon tissue, the Bud-loaded ER-hydrogel restored the colonic tissue damage, as seen in the H&E-stained, AB-NR-stained, and HID-AB-stained colon sections. Finally, the Bud-loaded ER-hydrogel also markedly subsided the IL-1β, TNF-α, MPO, and nitrite levels in serum and colon tissues. Thus, the fabricated Bud-loaded ER-hydrogel possesses appreciable translational potential due to its ability to significantly ameliorate inflammatory changes compared to naive or water-based therapeutic enema in acute experimental colitis in mice.
Object Tracking Using High Resolution Satellite Imagery (2012)

High resolution multispectral satellite images with multi-angular look capability have tremendous potential applications. We present an object tracking algorithm that includes moving object estimation, target modeling, and target matching three-step processing. Potentially moving objects are first identified on the time-series images. The target is then modeled by extracting both spectral and spatial features. In the target matching procedure, the Bhattacharyya distance, histogram intersection, and pixel count similarity are combined in a novel regional operator design. Our algorithm has been tested using a set of multi-angular sequence images acquired by the WorldView-2 satellite. The tracking performance is analyzed by the calculation of recall, precision, and F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> score of the test. In this study, we have demonstrated the capability of object tracking in a complex environment with the help of high resolution multispectral satellite imagery.
Angina Pectoris Early after Myocardial Infarction: Clinical Experience of the Multicentre Post-Infarction Program (1986)

In the Multicenter Post Infarction Program, 33% of 867 patients had early angina pectoris, i.e. angina between 2 days and hospital discharge 17 +/- 9 days after infarction. Early post-infarction angina was not significantly associated with cardiac death during 2.5 years of follow-up whereas both ventricular arrhythmias and left ventricular dysfunction were strongly and independently related to subsequent mortality. After myocardial infarction, there is no significant association between early angina pectoris and either ventricular arrhythmias or systolic or diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. However, patients with early post-infarction angina were one-and-a-half times as likely to be rehospitalized and two-and-a-half times as likely to experience recurrent non-fatal myocardial infarction during the year after myocardial infarction. Exercise angina pectoris was associated with subsequent mortality but not with recurrent non-fatal myocardial infarction. ST segment depression greater than or equal to 1 mm or greater than or equal to 2 mm during exercise was not significantly associated with either subsequent death or non-fatal myocardial infarction.
L1CAM promotes enrichment of immunosuppressive T cells in human pancreatic cancer correlating with malignant progression (2014)

Regulatory T cell (T-reg) enrichment in the tumor microenvironment is regarded as an important mechanism of tumor immune escape. Hence, the presence of T-regs in highly malignant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is correlated with short survival. Likewise, the adhesion molecule L1CAM is upregulated during PDAC progression in the pancreatic ductal epithelium also being associated with poor prognosis. To investigate whether L1CAM contributes to enrichment of T-regs in PDAC, human CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(-)CD49d(-) T-regs and CD4(+)CD25(-) T-effector cells (T-effs) were isolated by magnetic bead separation from blood of healthy donors. Their phenotype and functional behavior were analyzed in dependence on human premalignant (H6c7) or malignant (Panc1) pancreatic ductal epithelial cells, either exhibiting or lacking L1CAM expression. T cells derived from blood and tumors of PDAC patients were analyzed by flow cytometry and findings were correlated with clinical parameters. Predominantly T-regs but not T-effs showed an increased migration on L1CAM expressing H6c7 and Panc1 cells. Whereas proliferation of T-regs did not change in the presence of L1CAM, T-effs proliferated less, exhibited a decreased CD25 expression and an increased expression of CD69. Moreover, these T-effs exhibited a regulatory phenotype as they inhibited proliferation of autologous T cells. Accordingly, CD4(+)CD25(-)CD69(+) T cells were highly abundant in PDAC tissues compared to blood being associated with nodal invasion and higher grading in PDAC patients. Overall, these data point to an important role of L1CAM in the enrichment of immunosuppressive T cells in particular of a CD4(+)CD25(-)CD69(+)-phenotype in PDAC providing a novel mechanism of tumor immune escape which contributes to tumor progression.
Effect of a nonpenetrating electron beam on enhancing photoelectron yield (1994)

The photoelectron yield from polyethylene, Kapton H, and Teflon samples was measured using a Xenon flash lamp with UV spectrum extending down to 190 nm (6.5 eV). These measurements indicated a dramatic increase in the yield when the samples were irradiated by a nonpenetrating electron beam. The photoelectron yield rose with both dose rate and total dose deposited in the insulator. Observations of the yield revealed persistent enhancement even after turning off the electron beam. This delayed component is reminiscent of the delayed conductivity observed in insulators after the ionizing radiation is turned off. Studies showed that this enhancement was not due to precharging of the dielectric surface. Instead, it was attributed to an increase in the population of carriers, generated by the electron beam, which had been in localized traps within the forbidden band. These trapped electrons, lying just below the conduction band absorbed the xenon radiation and were emitted from the sample materials. Enhanced photoelectron yield has importance in determining the surface potential of insulators on spacecraft exposed to the plasma environment for extended periods of time.
Macromolecular Prodrug That Provides the Irinotecan (CPT-11) Active-Metabolite SN-38 with Ultralong Half-Life, LowCmax, and Low Glucuronide Formation (2014)

We have recently reported a chemical approach for half-life extension that utilizes β-eliminative linkers to attach amine-containing drugs or prodrugs to macromolecules. The linkers release free drug or prodrug over periods ranging from a few hours to over 1 year. We adapted these linkers for use with phenol-containing drugs. Here, we prepared PEG conjugates of the irinotecan (CPT-11) active metabolite SN-38 via a phenyl ether that release the drug with predictable long half-lives. Pharmacokinetic studies in the rat indicate that, in contrast to other SN-38 prodrugs, the slowly released SN-38 shows a very low C(max), is kept above target concentrations for extended periods, and forms very little SN-38 glucuronide (the precursor of enterotoxic SN-38). The low SN-38 glucuronide is attributed to low hepatic uptake of SN-38. These macromolecular prodrugs have unique pharmacokinetic profiles that may translate to less intestinal toxicity and interpatient variability than the SN-38 prodrugs thus far studied.