gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate Coulomb blockade thermometry up to 60 kelvin (2016)

We demonstrate experimentally a precise realization of Coulomb blockade thermometry working at temperatures up to 60 K. Advances in nano-fabrication methods using electron beam lithography allow us to fabricate uniform arrays of sufficiently small tunnel junctions to guarantee an overall temperature reading precision of about 1%.
α-NEM and model reduction (2005)

Numerical modeling of non-Newtonian flows typically involves the coupling between the equations of motion characterized by an elliptic character, and the fluid constitutive equation, which is an advection equation linked to the fluid history. In this work we propose a coupling between the natural element method which provides the capabilities of Lagrangian models to describe the flow front tracking as well as to treat the convection terms related to the fluid microstructure evolution – without the mesh quality requirements characteristics of the standard finite elements method – with a new approximation of the Fokker-Planck equation. This approximation is efficient and accurate, and is based on the use of an adaptive model reduction which couples the proper orthogonal decomposition (Karhunen-Loève) with an approximation basis enrichment based on the use of the Krylov subspaces, for describing the microstructure evolution.
Quantifying in vitro complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) using advanced flow cytometry (2023)

Abstract Complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is a key Fc mediated function of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics. mAb binding to antigen triggers a complex molecular cascade with sequential recruitment of serum proteins, eventuating in target cell lysis. Here we demonstrate CDC quantification in a streamlined, in vitro, advanced flow cytometry assay. Anti-CD20 mAbs were incubated with target cell lines in 96- or 384-well plates. Human serum (15%) was then added to induce CDC. Cells were labeled with iQue® Cell Membrane Integrity (R/Red) Dye to enable assessment of cell death using the iQue® Advanced Flow Cytometry Platform. Induction of CDC by anti-CD20 mAbs correlated with target cell CD20 expression, with most cell death observed with high-CD20 expressing Ramos cells. Maximal Ramos cell death induced by Rituximab and Truxima® was 68% and 70%, respectively. Comparatively, cell death of mid-CD20 expressing Raji cells was lower at 34% and 24%. No CDC was induced with CD20 negative Jurkat cells. Another anti-CD20-IgG1 mAb was compared against two isotype mutants: IgG1fut (non-fucosylated) and IgG1NQ (non-glycosylated). Their activity was profiled towards three previously described effector functions: antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC); antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and CDC. CDC induction was comparable between the three mAbs, however their ADCC and ADCP activity differed. The IgG1NQ did not exert ADCP or ADCC activity, whilst the IgG1fut showed more ADCC and less ADCP than the native. These data exemplify the use of advanced flow cytometry to quantify Fc function of mAbs towards a range of effector mechanisms, highlighting the potential to profile libraries of novel therapeutics in minimal time.
SOME ALLOY ELEMENT EFFECTS ON PHOSPHORUS-INDUCED TEMPER EMBRITTLEMENT OF IRON AND STEEL (1985)

Some alloy element effects on P-induced embrittlement in a model NiCr steel, a NiCrMoV rotor steel, and in Fe-Cr and Fe-Mn alloys were studied. It was found that Mn segregates on its own and can cause an intrinsic lowering of cohesion at grain boundaries. Synergistic co-segregation of Mn+P has been clearly demonstrated in decarburized Fe-Mn-P alloys. A C-P repulsive interaction in grain boundary segregation was found in all experimental alloys. After decarburization, "pure" iron (containing 1 ppm P, 1 ppm S and a few ppm O) fractured in an intergranular mode at 133 K; binary alloys (Fe-P, Fe-Mn, Fe-Cr) fractured by a mainly-cleavage mode before decarburization, but the fracture mode changed to intergranular after decarburization. These facts show that C is a very important strengthener for grain boundary cohesion. It was found in both the grain boundary and surface segregation studies of Fe-Cr-P alloys that co-segregation of Cr+P is minimal and can be ignored. The grain boundary strengths of Fe-P and Fe-Cr-P alloys gradually converged as C decreased. Therefore, the main effect of Cr additions in low-Cr (up to 2%) alloy steels is to decrease the solubility and activity of carbon, thus diminishing the beneficial effect of carbon on grain boundary cohesion. Embrittlement equations for P- and Sn-induced temper embrittlement of the NiCr and NiCrMoV rotor-type steels were developed empirically, based on the derivation of Takayama et al and modified for the more complicated conditions where two impurities (P and Sn) and microstructure (bainite vs martensite) can be taken into account. The effect of bainite vs. martensite on FATT was explored and was found to be independent of temper embrittlement; it could be rationalized in terms of carbide size and distribution. It was found that multistage, delayed embrittlement is characteristic of Mo-containing steels and is related with Mo-rich carbide precipitation and/or transformations.
Efficient Room‐Temperature Oxidation of Hydrocarbons Mediated by Tricopper Cluster Complexes with Different Ligands (2012)

Abstract Six tricopper cluster complexes of the type [Cu I Cu I Cu I ( L )] 1+ supported by a series of multidentate ligands ( L ) have been developed as oxidation catalysts. These complexes are capable of mediating the facile oxygen‐atom transfer to hydrocarbon substrates like cyclohexane, benzene, and styrene (C 6 H 12 , C 6 H 6 and C 8 H 8 ) upon activation by hydrogen peroxide at room temperature. The processes are catalytic with high turnover frequencies (TOF), efficiently oxidizing the substrates to their corresponding alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones in moderate to high yields. The catalysts are robust with turnover numbers (TON) limited only by the availability of hydrogen peroxide used to drive the catalytic turnover. The TON is independent of the substrate concentration and the TOF depends linearly on the hydrogen peroxide concentration when the oxidation of the substrate mediated by the activated tricopper complex is rapid. At low substrate concentrations, the catalytic system exhibits abortive cycling resulting from competing reduction of the activated catalyst by hydrogen peroxide. This behaviour of the system is consistent with activation of the tricopper complex by hydrogen peroxide to generate a strong oxidizing intermediate capable of a facile direct “oxygen‐atom” transfer to the substrate upon formation of a transient complex between the activated catalyst and the substrate. Some substrate specificity has also been noted by varying the ligand design. These properties of the tricopper catalyst are characteristic of many enzyme systems, such as cytochrome P450, which participate in biological oxidations.
Where is the Interface of the Stratocumulus-Topped PBL? (2005)

Abstract Various locally defined (not horizontal mean) interfaces between the stratocumulus-topped PBL and the free atmosphere are investigated using a fine-resolution large-eddy simulation with a vertical grid spacing of about 4 m. The local cloud-top height is found to be always below the height where the maximum gradient of the local sounding occurs, and the maximum-gradient height is always below the interface where PBL air can reach via turbulent motions. The distances between these local interfaces are of significant amount, a few tens of meters on average. Air between the cloud-top and maximum-gradient interfaces is fully turbulent, unsaturated, but rather moist. Air between the maximum-gradient and turbulent-mixing interfaces consists of turbulent motions that are intermittent in space and time. The simulated flow shows no clearly defined interface that separates cloudy, turbulent air mass from clear, nonturbulent air above, even locally.
Simple Modular Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering: A System for Characterization of Oxygen Gradients, Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation, and Prevascularization (2010)

Large-scale tissue engineering is limited by nutrient perfusion and mass transport limitations, especially oxygen diffusion, which restrict construct development to smaller than clinically relevant dimensions and limit the ability for in vivo integration. The goal of this work was to develop a modular approach to tissue engineering, where scaffold and tissue size, transport issues, and surgical implantation in vivo are considered from the outset. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were used as the model cell type, as their differentiation has been studied for several different cell lineages and often with conflicting results. Changes in the expression profiles of hMSCs differentiated under varied oxygen tensions are presented, demonstrating tissue-specific oxygen requirements for both adipogenic (20% O₂) and chondrogenic (5% O₂) differentiation. Oxygen and nutrient transport were enhanced by developing a bioreactor system for perfusing hMSC-seeded collagen gels using porous silk tubes, resulting in enhanced oxygen transport and cell viability within the gels. These systems are simple to use and scaled for versatility, to allow for the systematic study of relationships between cell content, oxygen, and cell function. The data may be combined with oxygen transport modeling to derive minimally sized modular units for construction of clinically relevant tissue-engineered constructs, a generic strategy that may be employed for vascularized target tissues.
VPI-8:  A High-Silica Molecular Sieve with a Novel “Pinwheel” Building Unit and Its Implications for the Synthesis of Extra-Large Pore Molecular Sieves (1996)

Relatively large (up to 4 μm), needle-like crystals of the high-silica molecular sieve VPI-8 are synthesized by hydrothermal methods and are subsequently calcined to remove the pore-filling organic TEA+ (tetraethylammonium cation). Numerous physicochemical techniques are used to determine and characterize the structure of organic-free VPI-8. The structure is discussed with the use of two ordered topologies (1a and 1b) and an average structure (1c) that accounts for the possibility of structural disorder in one of the T-atoms (Si1). The symmetry and space group of the ordered structure type 1a (tetragonal, P4̄ (no. 81)) is supported by electron diffraction data and the Rietveld refinement of the synchrotron X-ray powder data based on 1a converges with the lowest agreement factors. The pore system of VPI-8 consists of one-dimensional channels containing 12-membered T-atom rings (12MRs) that run down the c-axis. HRTEM images along [001] confirm the general structure topology (the possible disorder occurs only along c). The structure of VPI-8 contains five unique T-atoms in atomic ratios of 1:4:4:4:4 per unit cell. These number densities are consistent with the data obtained from 29Si solid-state NMR spectra. The main feature of the VPI-8 structure is a novel “pinwheel” framework building unit that has not been observed before in microporous materials and that seems well-suited for forming extra-large pore molecular sieves. Hypothetical framework models of extra-large pore molecular sieves containing one-dimensional 14MR (2), 16MR (3), 18MR (4), and 20MR (5) channel systems based on this new building unit are presented and discussed.
Community Empowerment through Appropriate Technology: Sustaining the Sustainable Development (2013)

Rural communities are the major entities in developing and third-world countries. While outsiders want to develop local community, they should develop the local conditions and sustain the result. In order to get sustainability among rural communities, technology become a booster to reach it. However, the success rate of many community development projects result only compare between “before” and after condition of technology implementation. Furthermore, when its result reaches sustainable condition of community development, many communities can not further maintain as well as develop their sustainable development because low level of empowerment. This paper attemped to develop conceptual framework how to reach the sustainable development in a community which was strengthened through the implementation of appropriate technology in order to reach empowerment. The framework will be constructed through literature survey and then combined with several sample cases to provide a comprehensive discussion. This paper concluded that empowerment was the next shape of sustainable development. Three stages of community development were revealed. Appropriate technology can be positioned as the bridging point in reaching empowerment of rural communities. By looking at previous efforts which treated sustainable development as the final purpose of community development projects, this paper gave new lights how to reach beyond it. Empowering rural communities, sustaining their sustainable development.
Identification of two molecular defects in a child with leukocyte adherence deficiency. (1992)

Children with leukocyte adherence deficiency (LAD), or leukocyte cell adhesion molecule deficiency, experience recurrent, life-threatening bacterial infections related to severe deficiency in surface expression of the leukocyte integrin molecules. The leukocyte integrins consist of a common CD18 (beta) subunit and individual, noncovalently associated alpha subunits designated CD11a, CD11b, and CD11c. Defects in the CD18 subunit prevent surface expression of the CD11/CD18 complexes in children with this disease. We investigated the molecular basis of the disease in a child with the severe deficiency form of LAD and identified two molecular defects in the CD18 subunit. The first defect is a single-base pair C----T transposition resulting in an amino acid substitution of a leucine for a proline at amino acid 178. This amino acid substitution is located in a region that is highly conserved among the integrin beta subunits and where two previous defects have been located in LAD. The second mutation involves a deletion of 220 base pairs in the cDNA coding for a portion of the extracellular domain and results in a frameshift into a premature stop codon. The deleted region corresponds to a single exon in the CD18 gene. Identification of these two molecular defects in a single child with this disease indicates the compound heterozygous nature of the disorder in this child and identifies regions of the CD18 subunit that may be important for CD11/CD18 heterodimer formation and surface expression.
Analysis of the Relationships according to the Frame (f/s) Change of Cine Imaging in Coronary Angiographic System: With Focus on FOV Enlargement and Live Zoom (2018)

This study aimed to investigate the difference of X-ray exposure by comparing and analyzing absorbed dose according to changes in the number of frames in coronary angiography, also depending whether the zoom mode is FOV enlargement or Zoom Live. Moreover, for appropriate frame selection measures for examination, including the effect of frame change on the image quality, were sought by measuring the noise strength expressed by the standard deviation (SD), the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR). The study was conducted with an anthropomorphic phantom on an angio-system. The linear relationship between the frame rate and the radiation dose was evident. On the contrary, the indices of image quality (SD, SNR, and CNR) were almost constant irrespective of the number of frames. The difference depending on the zoom mode was not statistically significant for DAP, air kerma, and SD (p > 0.05). However, SNR and CNR were statistically different between FOV enlargement and Zoom Live. In conclusion, since the image quality was not degraded significantly with the decreasing frame rate from 30, 15, to 7.5 f/s and the radiation dose evidently decreases in almost exactly linear proportion to the decreasing frame rate, the number of frames per second needs to be maintained as low as reasonably achievable. As for the dependence on the zooming mode, the Live Zoom mode showed statistically significant improvement in the image quality indices of SNR and CNR and it justifies active use of the Live Zoom mode which enables real-time image enlargment without additional radiation dose.
Efficient Ag8GeS6counter electrode prepared from nanocrystal ink for dye-sensitized solar cells (2015)

Ternary metal sulfides could provide more alternatives and tune physicochemical properties due to the presence of two cations.
Clinical Validation of a Predictive Model for the Presence of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer (2018)

The sonographic predictive model outperformed the standard assessment to detect lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer and may reduce unnecessary biopsies.
A Joint Mechanistic Description of Plasma Polymers Synthesized at Low and Atmospheric Pressure (2019)

This chapter provides an integrated vision of the growth mechanism of plasma polymer films (PPF) considering low pressure plasma polymerization (LP-PP) and plasma polymerization conducting at atmospheric pressure (AP-PP) while stressing the inherent differences between the two approaches. It discusses the different plasma polymerization mechanisms giving emphasis on the influence of the operating pressure. The chapter presents, since probing the plasma chemistry is crucial for shedding light on the main chemical and physical processes involved in the formation of PPF, some results obtained by several research groups in the field of plasma diagnostics related to LP-PP and AP-PP. It describes the most popular diagnostic methods employed for probing the species constituting the plasma, namely, mass spectrometry and optical emission spectroscopy. The chapter also discusses the relationship between plasma parameters and film properties. It also provides a brief summary of the main features of plasmas employed in the context of plasma polymerization.
Finite element analysis of adaptive inflatable structures with SMA strip actuator (2005)

The interactions between the inflatable structure and shape memory alloy (SMA) strip actuators are investigated using finite element simulation. The numerical algorithm of the 3-D SMA thermomechanical constitutive equations based on Lagoudas model is implemented to analyze the unique characteristics of SMA strip. For the numerical results presented in this paper, the ABAQUS finite element program has been utilized with an appropriate user supplied subroutine (UMAT) for the modeling SMA strip. In this model of SMA strip, the shape memory effect is restricted to one-way applications. The geometrically nonlinear, updated Lagrangian equilibrium formulation implemented in ABAQUS is used for the numerical model of inflated membrane structures.
Evidence against VIP or substance P being the transmitter in non-cholinergic excitatory nerves supplying the guinea-pig bladder (1985)

In the guinea-pig bladder, contractile responses to substance P (0.3 microM) and VIP (3 microM) were unaffected by P2-purinoceptor desensitization with alpha,beta-methylene ATP (3 X 10(-6) M), while the responses to stimulation of the non-cholinergic excitatory nerves (4-16 Hz) were abolished. The evidence presented suggests that ATP or a related purine nucleotide, and not VIP or substance P, is responsible for the non-cholinergic excitatory component of the nerve-mediated response.
Development of a Continuous Calcium Looping Process for CO2 Capture (2017)

Carbon capture and storage technologies are required in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while continuing to utilize existing fossil-fueled power generation stations. Of the many developing post-combustion CO2 capture technologies, calcium looping appears promising due to its high thermal efficiency, technical feasibility at commercial-scale, and low sorbent cost. Calcium looping has now been performed at the larger-scale, but there is still a significant quantity of information about sorbent performance, the fate of trace pollutant emissions (specifically SO2 and HCl), dual fluidized bed operating configurations, and impact of realistic operating conditions that still needs to be determined. Based on an economic analysis of the process, three key parameters serve to have the largest potential economic impact: (1) the sorbent deactivation rate, (2) the Ca/C molar ratio, and (3) the rate of sorbent attrition. Therefore, a series of bench-scale, pilot-scale, and continuous pilot-scale testing were conducted to not only explore these parameters from an improvement standpoint, but accurately determine them under conditions expected at the commercial-scale. The presence of HCl did not have a significant impact on sorbent performance provided that steam is present during calcination, although issues with downstream corrosion could be a factor. High CO2 partial pressures during calcination, coupled with high temperatures and the presence of SO2, resulted in dramatically lower cyclic carbonation conversions and a reduced high CO2 capture efficiency regime. Continuous pilot-scale testing generated realistic, and more detrimental, values for sorbent carrying capacity, Ca/C molar ratio, sorbent make-up rates, and rate of sorbent elutriation, that can now be utilized for techno-economic evaluations and scale-up of the technology.
Technical Note: A novel dosimeter improves total skin electron therapy surface dosimetry workflow (2020)

Scintillators have been shown to report dose nearly twice as fast as OSLDs with substantially less manual work and reduced chances of human error. Scintillator dose measurements are automatically saved to an electronic patient file and images contain a permanent record of the dose delivered during treatment.
Primary Structural Variation in Anaplasma marginale Msp2 Efficiently Generates Immune Escape Variants (2015)

Antigenic variation allows microbial pathogens to evade immune clearance and establish persistent infection. Anaplasma marginale utilizes gene conversion of a repertoire of silent msp2 alleles into a single active expression site to encode unique Msp2 variants. As the genomic complement of msp2 alleles alone is insufficient to generate the number of variants required for persistence, A. marginale uses segmental gene conversion, in which oligonucleotide segments from multiple alleles are recombined into the expression site to generate a novel msp2 mosaic not represented elsewhere in the genome. Whether these segmental changes are sufficient to evade a broad antibody response is unknown. We addressed this question by identifying Msp2 variants that differed in primary structure within the immunogenic hypervariable region microdomains and tested whether they represented true antigenic variants. The minimal primary structural difference between variants was a single amino acid resulting from a codon insertion, and overall, the amino acid identity among paired microdomains ranged from 18 to 92%. Collectively, 89% of the expressed structural variants were also antigenic variants across all biological replicates, independent of a specific host major histocompatibility complex haplotype. Biological relevance is supported by the following: (i) all structural variants were expressed during infection of a natural host, (ii) the structural variation observed in the microdomains corresponded to the mean length of variants generated by segmental gene conversion, and (iii) antigenic variants were identified using a broad antibody response that developed during infection of a natural host. The findings demonstrate that segmental gene conversion efficiently generates Msp2 antigenic variants.