gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Recurrent Adversarial Framework for Unsupervised Real-Time Video Enhancement (2023)

Abstract Video enhancement is a challenging problem, more than that of stills, mainly due to high computational cost, larger data volumes and the difficulty of achieving consistency in the spatio-temporal domain. In practice, these challenges are often coupled with the lack of example pairs, which inhibits the application of supervised learning strategies. To address these challenges, we propose an efficient adversarial video enhancement framework that learns directly from unpaired video examples. In particular, our framework introduces new recurrent cells that consist of interleaved local and global modules for implicit integration of spatial and temporal information. The proposed design allows our recurrent cells to efficiently propagate spatio-temporal information across frames and reduces the need for high complexity networks. Our setting enables learning from unpaired videos in a cyclic adversarial manner, where the proposed recurrent units are employed in all architectures. Efficient training is accomplished by introducing one single discriminator that learns the joint distribution of source and target domain simultaneously. The enhancement results demonstrate clear superiority of the proposed video enhancer over the state-of-the-art methods, in all terms of visual quality, quantitative metrics, and inference speed. Notably, our video enhancer is capable of enhancing over 35 frames per second of FullHD video (1080x1920).
Hyperoxaluria after modern bariatric surgery: case series and literature review (2009)

Appropriate medical management, in particular oral calcium and citrate supplementation, and perhaps most importantly aggressive fluid intake can mitigate some of the effects of enteric hyperoxaluria caused by fat malabsorption after modern bariatric surgery.
Air seal performance of personalized and statistically shaped 3D-printed face masks compared with market-available surgical and FFP2 masks (2021)

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has revealed alarming shortages of personal protective equipment for frontline healthcare professionals and the general public. Therefore, a 3D-printable mask frame was developed, and its air seal performance was evaluated and compared. Personalized masks (PM) based on individual face scans (n = 8) and a statistically shaped mask (SSM) based on a standardized facial soft tissue shape computed from 190 face scans were designed. Subsequently, the masks were additively manufactured, and in a second step, the PM and SSM were compared to surgical masks (SM) and FFP2 masks (FFP2) in terms of air seal performance. 3D-printed face models allowed for air leakage evaluation by measuring the pressure inside the mask in sealed and unsealed conditions during a breathing simulation. The PM demonstrated the lowest leak flow (p < 0.01) of inspired or expired unfiltered air of approximately 10.4 ± 16.4%, whereas the SM showed the highest (p < 0.01) leakage with 84.9 ± 7.7%. The FFP2 and SSM had similar values of 34.9 ± 18.5% leakage (p > 0.68). The developed framework allows for the time- and resource-efficient, on-demand, and in-house production of masks. For the best seal performance, an individually personalized mask design might be recommended.
Upper and Lower Critical Flocculation Temperatures in Sterically Stabilized Nonaqueous Dispersions (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUpper and Lower Critical Flocculation Temperatures in Sterically Stabilized Nonaqueous DispersionsMelvin D. Croucher and Michael L. HairCite this: Macromolecules 1978, 11, 5, 874–879Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60065a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (801 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Premiers résultats des analyses polliniques appliquées aux paléo-méandres de la Moselle (1990)

Les sites archéologiques mis au jour lors de l'exploitation de gravières en bordure de la Moselle font l'objet de nombreuses approches naturalistes, en particulier d'analyses palynologiques. La recherche des spores et de pollens fossilisés dans la sédimentation de ces paléo-chenaux aboutit à une reconstitution de l'environnement végétal. Trois aspects sont abordés avec une importance plus ou moins grande suivant les types de sites : le calage chronologique de certains niveaux, l'impact des installations humaines sur le dynamisme du couvert végétal et l'évolution paléogéographique de ces méandres.
Trends in Type 2 Diabetes Mortality, Prevalence and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years in the United Kingdom and European Union Countries: 1990–2019 (2021)

Abstract Aims: To compare the trends in prevalence and mortality from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the UK and European Union (EU) countries. Methods: This observational study used data obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study. T2DM age-standardised prevalence rates per 100,000 (ASPRs), age-standardised mortality rates per 100,000 (ASMRs) and disability-adjusted life-year rates per 100,000 (DALYs) were extracted from the GBD online results tool for the UK and each EU country, for the years 1990-2019. Trends were analysed using Joinpoint regression analysis. Results: Between 1990 and 2019, increases in T2DM ASPRs were observed for all EU countries. The highest relative increases in ASPRs were observed in Luxembourg (males +269.1%, females +219.2%), Ireland (males +191.9%, females +165.7%) and the UK (males +128.6%, females +114.6%). The T2DM prevalence increases in the UK have plateaued from 2015/16-2019 for both sexes, with insignificant increases in estimated annual percentage changes of +0.9% and 0% for males and females, respectively. Mortality trends were non-uniform across EU countries, with ASMRs increasing over the 30-year period studied in 11 countries for males and in 4 countries for females. The UK observed the highest relative decrease in ASMRs for males (-46.9%). For females, the largest relative decrease in ASMRs was in Cyprus (-67.6%). Mortality-to-incidence ratios decreased in all countries except for males in Latvia and females in Denmark, with the lowest mortality-to-incidence ratios in 2019 being observed in the UK and Finland. DALYs increased in 25 countries for males and 17 countries for females between 1990 and 2019. Conclusions: T2DM prevalence rates have increased across Europe over the last 30 years, however mortality trends are variable. The prevalence of T2DM has increased more in the UK and Ireland between 1990-2019 than in any EU country, for both males and females, with the exception of Luxembourg. Contrastingly, the UK has observed large relative decreases in T2DM mortality rates. Primary prevention strategies in at risk populations should continue to be a focus for preventing T2DM in at risk groups in the UK and Europe.
Clinical Experience with Infliximab for Crohn’s Disease: The First 100 Patients in Edmonton, Alberta (2002)

The patient group in the present study realized significant clinical benefit, with minimal adverse effects, following treatment with infliximab. Clinical response rates paralleled those previously described in placebo controlled trials and retrospective clinical practice reviews. Nevertheless, the complete response rate (ie, remission) in this patient group was lower than that previously described.
Rainfall-Storage-Pump-Discharge (RSPD) Model for Sustainable and Resilient Flood Mitigation (2017)

Urban flooding is becoming an increasingly important issue in the 21st century, due to climate change and urbanization. Traditional methods of extensive flood-control infrastructure are challenged. Micro-scale rainwater management which stores some of rainfall from building rooftops can reduce flooding of nearby sewer systems. And the reduction of peak runoff can then calculated using the rainfall-storage-discharge (R-S-D) model. By controlling drain pump, flooding can be further mitigated without costly changing the existing systems, working toward resilient and sustainable flood mitigation approach. The reduction of peak runoff can be calculated using the rainfall-storage-pump-discharge (R-S-P-D) model. From the R-S-P-D model, TPP curves and TPD curves are developed to determine the reduced peak flow and increased design return period for a combination of tank volume and pumping rate. These curves will be used in the design and operation of rainwater systems in areas of limited sewer capacity or for climate change adaptation.
Deep MMSE Estimation for Data Detection (2022)

This letter develops minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) estimators based on deep neural networks for data detection. Since the optimal MMSE is analytically intractable, researchers usually resort to linear MMSE approximations, which often incur performance degradation. To overcome this loss, we develop a near-optimal estimator by exploiting the Donsker-Varadhan representation of mutual information (MI) and the recently discovered derivative relationship between MI and MMSE. The near-optimal MMSE estimator can be computed with a deep neural network (NN). We can train the NN using the mini-batches of input and output samples. We validate this estimator using two examples where the closed-from MMSE is available. We then use this estimator to design an end-to-end communication system. We compare this setup with several conventional techniques and show promising performance.
Die Sickerkissenuntersuchung mittels konfokaler In-vivo Mikroskopie mit dem Rostocker Cornea Modul – erste Erfahrungen (2005)

Die postoperative Entwicklung des Sickerkissens ist neben der individuellen Ausgangssituation (Glaukomform, Rasse, Alter, Voroperationen, chronische Konjunktivitis) und dem intraoperativen Verlauf für den langfristigen Erfolg der Trabekulektomie von besonderer Bedeutung. Die klinische Sickerkissenbeurteilung stellt die Grundlage dar, um Vernarbungstendenzen des Sickerkissens ausreichend frühzeitig zu erkennen und gegebenenfalls den Wundheilungsprozess mit 5-Fluorurazil zu steuern. Klinische Zeichen einer drohenden Vernarbung sind eine vermehrte Vaskularisation, Korkenziehergefäße, fehlende Vorwölbung oder Tenonzysten. Die standardisierte semiquantitative Sickerkissenbeurteilung im Rahmen einer intensivierten postoperativen Nachsorge erleichtert die Einordnung des klinischen Befundes. Trotz intensivierter postoperativer Kontrolle wird der Zeitpunkt der drohenden Sickerkissenvernarbung leicht verpaßt.
Joint Modeling of Multiple Related Time Series via the Beta Process (2011)

We propose a Bayesian nonparametric approach to the problem of jointly modeling multiple related time series. Our approach is based on the discovery of a set of latent, shared dynamical behaviors. Using a beta process prior, the size of the set and the sharing pattern are both inferred from data. We develop efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo methods based on the Indian buffet process representation of the predictive distribution of the beta process, without relying on a truncated model. In particular, our approach uses the sum-product algorithm to efficiently compute Metropolis-Hastings acceptance probabilities, and explores new dynamical behaviors via birth and death proposals. We examine the benefits of our proposed feature-based model on several synthetic datasets, and also demonstrate promising results on unsupervised segmentation of visual motion capture data.
[Radiotherapy for age-related macular degeneration: risk factors of complications, prevention and treatment of side-effects]. (2000)

Radiotherapy for ARMD should not be done in patients with diabetes. Hypofractionation is not recommended. ICG angiography should be considered essential in the follow-up of patients treated with radiotherapy.
Catalytic hydrogenation of anthracene in ethanol (2016)

The results of the hydrogenation of anthracene in ethanol in the presence of different catalysts (the nanosized powders of Fe, Cu, and β-FeOOH and Ni and Fe supported on carbon microspheres) are reported. The greatest catalytic effect was observed upon the introduction of 1.5% Fe nanopowder.
Dispersion Engineering of High-Q Si3N4 Microdisk Resonators (2018)

We demonstrate Si3N4 waveguide-coupled microdisk resonators with a loaded Q-factor of 2.4×106 at 1550 nm. We tailor the cavity dispersion by increasing the Si3N4 microdisk thickness and using a thin oxide cladding.
Ultrasound‐Based Molecular Imaging Using Nanoagents (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Photoacoustic Imaging Magneto-Motive Ultrasound Imaging Combined Photoacoustic and Magneto-Motive Ultrasound Imaging Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Ocular Telemedicine for Diabetic Retinopathy and the Joslin Vision Network (2010)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. The Joslin Vision Network Diabetes Eye Care Program (JVN) is a validated ocular telemedicine program developed at the Joslin Diabetes Center that has provided diabetes eye care to over 70,000 persons. The JVN allows accurate assessment of level of DR severity, detects the presence of nondiabetic eye disease, and allows determination of appropriate treatment recommendations. The JVN integrates eye care in a comprehensive diabetes program, extends access to evidence-based diabetes eye care, and offers alternative means of diabetes eye care in appropriate settings, ultimately preserving vision and preventing visual loss.
Model Predictive Control Approach for Recovery from Delays in Railway Systems (2002)

The model predictive control (MPC) framework, a very popular controller design method in the process industry, is extended to transfer coordination in railway systems. In fact, the proposed approach can also be used for other systems with both hard and soft synchronization constraints, such as logistic operations. The main aim of the control is to optimally recover from delays by breaking connections (at a cost). In general, the MPC control design problem for railway systems leads to a nonlinear, nonconvex optimization problem. Computing an optimal MPC strategy using an extended linear complementarity problem is demonstrated. Also presented is an extension with an extra degree of freedom to recover from delays by letting some trains run faster than usual (again at a cost). The resulting extended MPC railway problem can also be solved using an extended linear complementarity problem.
Improved Exploration through Latent Trajectory Optimization in Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (2019)

Model-free reinforcement learning algorithms such as Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) often require additional exploration strategies, especially if the actor is of deterministic nature. This work evaluates the use of model-based trajectory optimization methods used for exploration in Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient when trained on a latent image embedding. In addition, an extension of DDPG is derived using a value function as critic, making use of a learned deep dynamics model to compute the policy gradient. This approach leads to a symbiotic relationship between the deep reinforcement learning algorithm and the latent trajectory optimizer. The trajectory optimizer benefits from the critic learned by the RL algorithm and the latter from the enhanced exploration generated by the planner. The developed methods are evaluated on two continuous control tasks, one in simulation and one in the real world. In particular, a Baxter robot is trained to perform an insertion task, while only receiving sparse rewards and images as observations from the environment.
Case Study: Structural Evaluation of Steel Truss Aircraft Hangars at Corpus Christi Army Depot, Texas. (1999)

Abstract : A number of steel truss aircraft hangars at Corpus Christ Army Depot (CCAD) are similar to those that have performed poorly during recent hurricanes in other parts of the country. Engineering analysis of such structures currently in use can identify structural vulnerabilities, and retrofit schemes may be developed to reduce or eliminate these vulnerabilities to severe wind loads. The objective of this work was to evaluate the structural adequacy of four steel truss aircraft hangars at CCAD by conducting structural analyses using the most recent building code guidelines. State-of-the-art data on the behavior of steel structures under dynamic loads were utilized. The current conditions of CCAD aircraft hangars 43, 44, 45, and 47 were evaluated. Structural deficiencies and overstressed members and joints were identified, and retrofit methods to meet the requirements of current codes were developed. Exhaustive data from the engineering analyses are included, and specific recommendations for retrofit are presented.
Quorum: flexible quality of service for internet services (2005)

In this paper we describe Quorum, a non-invasive approach to scalable quality-of-service provisioning that uses traffic shaping, admission control, and response monitoring at the border of an Internet site to ensure throughput and response time guarantees.We experimentally compare an implementation of Quorum both to hardware over-provisioning and to leading software approaches using real world workloads. Our results show that Quorum can enforce the same QoS guarantees as either of the compared approaches, while achieving better resource utilization than over-provisioning and without the application rewriting overhead required by intrusive software approaches. We also demonstrate that our implementation can successfully handle extreme situations such as sudden traffic surges, application misbehavior and node failures. Furthermore, we demonstrate the flexibility of Quorum by providing QoS guarantees for a complex and heterogeneous Internet service that cannot be implemented by other current software approaches.
Increase in anterior tibialis muscle protein synthesis in healthy man during mixed amino acid infusion: studies of incorporation of [1−13C]leucine (1989)

1. Anterior tibial muscle protein synthesis in seven healthy postabsorptive men was determined from increases in muscle protein bound leucine enrichment during a primed continuous infusion of L-[1-13C]leucine. Biopsies were taken 30 min after the beginning of leucine infusion (when plasma 13C enrichment was steady), 240 min later during continued fasting and again after 240 min of infusion of a mixed amino acid solution which increased plasma total amino acid concentrations by 37%. The mean enrichment of 13C in plasma alpha-ketoisocaproate was used as an index of the enrichment of the precursor pool for leucine metabolism. 2. Anterior tibial muscle mixed protein synthetic rate during fasting was 0.055 (SD 0.008)%/h and this increased by an average of 35% during infusion of mixed amino acid to 0.074 (SD 0.021)%/h (P less than 0.05). 3. Whole-body protein breakdown (expressed as the rate of endogenous leucine appearance in plasma) was 121 (SD 8) mumol h-1 kg-1 during fasting and decreased (P less than 0.01) by an average of 12% during amino acid infusion. Leucine oxidation was 18 (SD 3) mumol h-1 kg-1 during fasting and increased (P less than 0.001) by 89% during amino acid infusion. Whole-body protein synthesis (non-oxidative leucine disappearance) was 104 (SD 6) mumol h-1 kg-1 during fasting and rose by 13% (P less than 0.001) during mixed amino acid infusion. 4. 13C enrichment of muscle free leucine was only 61 (SD 19)% of that in plasma alpha-ketoisocaproate and this increased to 74 (SD 16)% (P less than 0.02) during mixed amino acid infusion. 5. The results suggest that increased availability of amino acids reverses whole-body protein balance from negative to positive and a major component of this is the increase in muscle protein synthesis.
Raman amplification characteristics of As_2Se_3 photonic crystal fibers (2008)

We present the dispersion and Raman amplification characteristics of As2Se3 photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). We compare the gain characteristics with conventional As2Se3 fibers and find that the Raman gain efficiency in PCFs can be improved by a factor of more than 4. This allows us to either use a small length of the fiber or to use the low pump power to attain similar gain characteristics. Numerical simulations reveal that a peak gain of 10 dB can be achieved in a 1.1 m long PCF when it is pumped at 1.5 microm in wavelength with an input power of 500 mW.
Utilisation, expenditure and cost-effectiveness of cystic fibrosis drugs in Ireland: a retrospective analysis of a national pharmacy claims database (2020)

Despite none of these modulator therapies demonstrating value for money when subjected to health technology assessment, the associated Irish expenditure reached €113 million in 2019 alone.
Generation and Detection of Large-k-Vector Phonons (1971)

We report observations in diamond of buildup of acoustic phonons well out in the Brillouin zone. The acoustic phonon generation accompanies strong pumping by harmonic $k\ensuremath{\approx}0$ optical phonons. Phonons are detected by their effect on impurity fluorescence. The Orbach phonon breakdown mechanism is calculated to play an important role.
Conditionally replicating luciferase reporter phages: improved sensitivity for rapid detection and assessment of drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1997)

TM4 is a lytic mycobacteriophage which infects mycobacteria of clinical importance. A luciferase reporter phage, phAE40, has been constructed from TM4 and was previously shown to be useful for the rapid detection and drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, the lytic nature of the phage results in a loss of detectable light output and limits the sensitivity of detection. We describe several strategies aimed at improving the luciferase activity generated by TM4 luciferase phages, including (i) varying the position of the luciferase gene in the phage genome, (ii) isolating host-range mutants of the phage, and (iii) introducing temperature-sensitive mutations in the phage such that it will not replicate at the infecting temperature. Several new phages generated by these methods show increased intensity of luciferase production compared to the first-generation reporter phage phAE40, and one phage, phAE88, also demonstrates an enhanced duration of luciferase activity. This has allowed the detection of as few as 120 BCG cells and the determination of drug susceptibilities of M. tuberculosis in as little as 1 day.
Imaging-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Solid Renal Tumors (2003)

Preliminary results with radiofrequency ablation of exophytic and intraparenchymal renal tumors are promising. Radiofrequency ablation is not associated with significant side effects. Further follow-up is necessary to determine the long-term efficacy of radiofrequency ablation.