gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toxicity, DNA Binding, and Cell Proliferation in Male F344 Rats following Short-term Gavage Exposures to Trans-2-Hexenal (2008)

Hexenal is a genotoxic compound to which humans are exposed daily through the consumption of foods and beverages. The present studies were conducted to examine the relationships between the dose-responses of trans-2-hexenal-induced toxicity, DNA adduct formation, and cell proliferation. Male F344 rats were exposed by gavage to single doses of up to 500 mg/kg and killed 1, 2, or 4 days after dosing or were exposed to repeat doses of up to 100 mg/kg once daily for 5 days or 5 days per week for 4 weeks and killed 1 day after the end of the dosing period. Histologically, the primary observations were necroulcerative lesions, inflammation, and hyperplasia in the forestomach and inflammation in the glandular stomach. Hexenal-derived DNA adduct formation and cell proliferation were induced in the forestomach at doses of hexenal that also induced gastric toxicity; DNA adducts were not observed in the glandular stomach. These findings suggest that the toxicity of hexenal was limited to the site of contact (stomach) and that the observed DNA adduct formation and cell proliferation occurred in the setting of severe tissue damage.
Different Effects of in Vivo Ouabain and Digoxin on Renal Artery Function and Blood Pressure in the Rat (2000)

To investigate vascular mechanisms in hypertension, we isolated renal arterial rings from rats with ouabain-dependent hypertension and studied their function. In rats infused with ouabain for 5 weeks, systolic and mean blood pressures (BP) were increased relative to controls. Contractions evoked by high KCl solutions were greater in rings from ouabain-infused rats whereas the threshold concentrations and EC50s for KCl and the peak caffeine contractures were not different. KCl contractures were not affected by 5 microM prazosin. Phenylephrine contractures were increased marginally in ouabain-infused rats, while acetylcholine-induced relaxation was normal. In vitro superfusion of rings with 10 nM ouabain or digoxin did not affect the measured parameters. Plasma ouabain, BP, and all evoked responses were normal one week following interruption of the ouabain infusion. In a second study, BP increased in ouabain (15 microg/kg/day, n= 23), but not digoxin (30 microg/kg/day, n=12), or vehicle-infused (n=16) rats. KCl contractures were greater in rings from ouabain-but decreased in rings from digoxin-infused rats, respectively and correlated with systolic and mean BP (r=0.69, n=30, p<0.005). Peak caffeine (25 mM) responses were similar but the area under the contraction was reduced in the vessels from ouabain-infused rats and correlated inversely with MBP (r=-0.47, n=33, p<0.02). We conclude that a voltage-dependent component of tone in the rat renal artery is reversibly and specifically augmented by in vivo administration of ouabain whereas it is diminished by in vivo digoxin. Vascular production of and response to nitric oxide does not appear to be impaired in the ouabain model. Alterations of intracellular Ca2+ storage and Ca2+ influx in response to in vivo ouabain may underlie the increase in renal vascular resistance and hypertension in this model. The opposite effects of ouabain and digoxin on the hemodynamic and vascular parameters in this study indicate that these agents have novel mechanisms of action in vivo that may not be mediated exclusively by sodium-potassium pumps.
Refractive index engineering in monolithic crystalline silicon with nanosecond laser pulses (2017)

Since the advent of waveguide writing in glasses with femtosecond lasers more than two decades ago [1], this three-dimensional (3D) refractive index engineering technique has increasingly evolved offering performances that are suitable for many applications (telecommunications, design of optical components, etc.). However, this method has no equivalent in silicon so far, representing a technological lock for further applications (e.g. ultrafast microelectronics, quantum computing, sensors). The origin of this limitation has been explained only recently by significant plasma effects which are inevitable for ultrashort laser pulses focused in the bulk of silicon [2]. To overcome these, studies have recently shed light on the possibility of modifying the crystalline phase of silicon with nanosecond pulses [3]. Thus, it is worth investigating the potential of this regime for refractive index engineering in this material.
Serial neurophysiological and neurophysiological examinations for delayed facial nerve palsy in a patient with Fisher syndrome (2017)

The patient was a 47-year-old man who presented with diplopia and gait instability with a gradual onset over the course of three days. Neurological examinations showed ophthalmoplegia, diminished tendon reflexes, and truncal ataxia. Tests for anti-GQ1b antibodies and several other antibodies to ganglioside complex were positive. We made a diagnosis of Fisher syndrome. After administration of intravenous immunoglobulin, the patient's symptoms gradually improved. However, bilateral facial palsy appeared during the recovery phase. Brain MRI showed intensive contrast enhancement of bilateral facial nerves. During the onset phase of facial palsy, the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in the facial nerves was preserved. During the peak phase, the facial CMAP amplitude was within the lower limit of normal values, or mildly decreased. During the recovery phase, the CMAP amplitude was normalized, and the R1 and R2 responses of the blink reflex were prolonged. The delayed facial nerve palsy improved spontaneously, and the enhancement on brain MRI disappeared. Serial neurophysiological and neuroradiological examinations suggested that the main lesions existed in the proximal part of the facial nerves and the mild lesions existed in the facial nerve terminals, probably due to reversible conduction failure.
Donor-Defined Mesenchymal Stem Cell Antimicrobial Potency Against Nontuberculous Mycobacterium (2021)

Chronic nontuberculous mycobacterial infections with Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare complicate bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive airway disease, and the health of aging individuals. These insidious intracellular pathogens cause considerable morbidity and eventual mortality in individuals colonized with these bacteria. Current treatment regimens with antibiotic macrolides are both toxic and often inefficient at providing infection resolution. In this article, we demonstrate that human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory in vitro and in the context of an in vivo sustained infection of either M. avium and/or M. intracellulare.
Characterization of natural monatin isomers, a high intensity sweetener from the plant Sclerochiton ilicifolius from South Africa (2018)

The objective was to establish the natural occurrence of the various isomers of monatin in extracts of Sclerochiton ilicifolius plant material harvested from different growing regions in South Africa. The natural occurrence of the 2S,4S isomer has been reported as well as the synthesis of the 2R,4R isomer. The 2R,4R is reported as the most intense sweetness however its natural occurrence has not been fully reported, as a result it was not possible to establish whether these isomers are indeed already present in the plant or come from racemisation during the processing of the plant. The presence of the monatin isomers 2S,4S; 2R,4R in aqueous extracts of S. ilicifolius root bark was demonstrated in each sample harvested at two different time points. The 2R,4R, 2S,4S, 2R,4S, and 2S,4R monatin isomers were absent in the aqueous extracts of S. ilicifolius stem and leaf samples, however was shown to be present in the root bark, and root core samples. This report confirms previous findings which suggested that the 2S,4S and 2R,4R monatin isomers occur naturally in S. ilicifolius.
Mapping the Electronic Surface Potential of Nanostructured Surfaces (2009)

We present a method for the quantitative determination of the surface potential landscape of nanostructured surfaces based on the local analysis of the lowest field emission resonances by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The method has a lateral resolution of approximately 1 nm and is applied to elucidate the site-specific adsorption properties of the strain relief pattern formed by two monolayers of Ag on Pt(111). For the example of C60 fullerenes, we show that the surface potential difference of up to 0.35 eV is responsible for the site-selective immobilization on the strain relief pattern.
Protease Activity of 1,10-Phenanthroline−Copper(I). Targeted Scission of the Catalytic Site of Carbonic Anhydrase (1998)

To investigate the mechanism of scission of proteins by the chemical cleaving agent 1,10-phenanthroline-copper, the active sites of human carbonic anydrase I and bovine carbonic anhydrase II have been targeted for cleavage by a tight binding sulfonamide inhibitor tethered to the metal complex. The inhibitor-phenanthroline-copper conjugate binds to the carbonic anhydrases with sub-micromolar Kd's and, upon addition of a reducing agent, causes scission specifically within the active site of the enzymes to yield a discrete set of cleavage fragments. N- and C-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometric analysis of several fragments indicate that the C-terminal cleavage fragments have free amino groups at their N termini, thereby allowing facile location of the cut sites through standard Edman degradation. The N-terminal cleavage fragments do not have a free carboxyl group at their C termini. It is proposed that scission occurs by abstraction of H at Calpha, followed by oxidation at Calpha by the neighboring cupric ion and cleavage of the Calpha-C(O) bond to give an N-terminal fragment containing a C-terminal acyl amide, and an unstable C-terminal fragment containing an N-terminal isocyanate group which undergoes hydrolysis to a free amino terminus. Modeling of the inhibitor-phenanthroline-copper conjugate within the active site of human carbonic anhydrase I shows that the sites of cleavage that have been identified are fully consistent with the available structural data.
Production of polyclonal antisera to parathyroid hypertensive factor from spontaneously hypertensive rats (1993)

These results indicate that (1) polyclonal antisera to PHF can be raised in mice and (2) PHF may contribute significantly to the elevated blood pressure in SHR.
A General Process for the Fabrication of Air‐Stable Metallic Particles (Cd, Zn and Al) by the Decomposition of Alkyl–Metal Compounds (2008)

Abstract The thermolysis of alkyl–metal compounds under autogenic pressure, with the three metals Cd, Zn, and Al as examples, suggest that this might become a general method for preparing a composite where the metal is the core and carbon the shell. The air‐stability of these composites is also demonstrated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Muscle strength correlates with total body bone mineral density in young women but not in men (2003)

Muscle strength at weight-bearing sites is related to TBMD in women, whereas body composition is related to TBMD in men. The association of lower limb strength on TBMD only in young women indicates a gender difference.
Interstitial laser thermotherapy for liver tumours (2003)

ILT improves overall survival in specific patients with liver tumours. Advances in laser technology and refinements in technique, and a better understanding of the processes involved in laser-induced tissue injury, may allow ILT to replace surgery as the procedure of choice in selected patients with liver malignancies.
Quo vadis, BTSoC (billion transistor SoC)? (2008)

Billion transistor systems-on-chip (BTSoCs) present designers with a classic case of the embarrassment-of-riches syndrome: with so many devices at one's disposal, designers may be tempted to integrate functionality willy-nilly, with no strategic rethinking of what this level of integration can both afford, as well as achieve. While many advocate business-as- usual - including ad-hoc integration of functionality to achieve application-specific or domain-dependent designs. The author believes that BTSoCs present us with some opportunities for a paradigm shift in the architectural strategies and design processes for designing such complex chips. The author summarizes some key principles and ideas here.
381-P: Recurrent Hypoglycemia Alters Endocrine Counterregulation during Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Healthy and Diabetic Göttingen Minipigs (2022)

Hypoglycemia is a common adverse effect of insulin treatment in people with diabetes and recurrent episodes can alter counter regulation, ultimately increasing the risk of severe hypoglycemic episodes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of recurrent hypoglycemia on endocrine counter regulation during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in healthy and diabetic Göttingen Minipigs. Twelve adult, female, intact Göttingen Minipigs with (n=6) and without (n=6) streptozotocin-induced diabetes were included. Three pigs in each group were preconditioned with either hypoglycemia (RH) or normoglycemia (RN) on three consecutive days using a three-hour hyperinsulinemic clamp procedure (16 pmol/kg/min human insulin and variable glucose infusion) targeted a fasted minipig euglycemic level of 63 mg/dL plasma glucose in RN and 27 mg/dL in RH. On day four, all groups were subjected to a four-hour hypoglycemic clamp with 18 mg/dL target. Samples for plasma glucose, glucagon and epinephrine were collected at predefined time points. Influence of diabetes status and preconditioning on endocrine counter regulation during the final clamp were investigated using a repeated measures linear mixed model. Clamp glucose targets were reached in all groups. A blunted glucagon response was seen during the final hypoglycemic clamp in the RH groups (median 26.7 pM (IQR 21.6-33.2)) compared to RN groups (56.3 pM (46.3-63.5) , P=0.008) . Diabetes status did not influence the findings and no significant differences in plasma epinephrine were found between groups. Göttingen Minipigs with and without streptozotocin induced diabetes exhibit blunted glucagon response to hypoglycemia after recurrent hypoglycemia similar to humans, indicating impaired counter regulatory response. Epinephrine response was not significantly affected. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of RH on epinephrine counter regulation in the Göttingen Minipig. Disclosure M.Lyhne: None. K.Hinz: Employee; Antag Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk. A.Vegge: Employee; Novo Nordisk A/S, Stock/Shareholder; Novo Nordisk A/S. J.Sturis: Employee; Novo Nordisk A/S. J.Kildegaard: Employee; Novo Nordisk A/S. U.Pedersen-bjergaard: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. L.Olsen: None.
Morphogenesis mechanisms in the hydrothermal growth of lead-free BCZT nanostructured multipods (2021)

The nanostructuring approach may offer a new route to tailor lead-free ferroelectrics with superior energy storage performance for ceramic actuators and capacitors.
Identification of novel pathways involved in the pathogenesis of human adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (2012)

Activating mutations in the gene encoding β-catenin have been identified in the paediatric form of human craniopharyngioma (adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma, ACP), a histologically benign but aggressive pituitary tumour accounting for up to 10% of paediatric intracranial tumours. Recently, we generated an ACP mouse model and revealed that, as in human ACP, nucleocytoplasmic accumulation of β-catenin (β-cat(nc)) and over-activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway occurs only in a very small proportion of cells, which form clusters. Here, combining mouse genetics, fluorescence labelling and flow-sorting techniques, we have isolated these cells from tumorigenic mouse pituitaries and shown that the β-cat(nc) cells are enriched for colony-forming cells when cultured in stem cell-promoting media, and have longer telomeres, indicating shared properties with normal pituitary progenitors/stem cells (PSCs). Global gene profiling analysis has revealed that these β-cat(nc) cells express high levels of secreted mitogenic signals, such as members of the SHH, BMP and FGF family, in addition to several chemokines and their receptors, suggesting an important autocrine/paracrine role of these cells in the pathogenesis of ACP and a reciprocal communication with their environment. Finally, we highlight the clinical relevance of these findings by showing that these pathways are also up-regulated in the β-cat(nc) cell clusters identified in human ACP. As well as providing further support to the concept that pituitary stem cells may play an important role in the oncogenesis of human ACP, our data reveal novel disease biomarkers and potential pharmacological targets for the treatment of these devastating childhood tumours.
Data from Th-MYCN Mice with Caspase-8 Deficiency Develop Advanced Neuroblastoma with Bone Marrow Metastasis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumor, is responsible for 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. Patients frequently present at diagnosis with metastatic disease, particularly to the bone marrow. Advances in therapy and understanding of the metastatic process have been limited due, in part, to the lack of animal models harboring bone marrow disease. The widely used transgenic model, the Th-MYCN mouse, exhibits limited metastasis to this site. Here, we establish the first genetic immunocompetent mouse model for metastatic neuroblastoma with enhanced secondary tumors in the bone marrow. This model recapitulates 2 frequent alterations in metastatic neuroblasoma, overexpression of MYCN and loss of caspase-8 expression. Mouse caspase-8 gene was deleted in neural crest lineage cells by crossing a Th-Cre transgenic mouse with a caspase-8 conditional knockout mouse. This mouse was then crossed with the neuroblastoma prone Th-MYCN mouse. Although overexpression of MYCN by itself rarely caused bone marrow metastasis, combining MYCN overexpression and caspase-8 deletion significantly enhanced bone marrow metastasis (37% incidence). Microarray expression studies of the primary tumors mRNAs and microRNAs revealed extracellular matrix structural changes, increased expression of genes involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition, inflammation, and downregulation of miR-7a and miR-29b. These molecular changes have been shown to be associated with tumor progression and activation of the cytokine TGF-β pathway in various tumor models. Cytokine TGF-β can preferentially promote single cell motility and blood-borne metastasis and therefore activation of this pathway may explain the enhanced bone marrow metastasis observed in this animal model. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 73(13); 4086–97. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Cathepsin D expression level affects alpha-synuclein processing, aggregation, and toxicity in vivo (2009)

We conclude from these complementary investigations that: one, CathD can effectively degrade excess aSyn in dopaminergic cells; two, ctsd gene mutations result in a lysosomal storage disorder that includes microscopic and biochemical evidence of aSyn misprocessing; and three, CathD deficiency facilitates aSyn toxicity. We therefore postulate that CathD promotes 'synucleinase' activity, and that enhancing its function may lower aSyn concentrations in vivo.
Assessment of continuous, pulsed and aerated pressure-washing (2003)

An experimental setup was developed to assess the use of pressure washing for removal of residual dyes and washing of fabrics. A pressure washing system was designed and constructed using an acrylic water tank and ultra-high molecular weight PE rollers. A hot/cold variable water pressure system rated at 1000 psi was modified and used in the experiments along with a set of four linear spray nozzles with exit divergence angles of 20, 30, and 45 degrees. Fabrics were dyed using direct and reactive dyes and the efficacy of using pressure washing with both dyes was investigated. Pressure washing experiments were conducted at different water pressure levels and various nozzle angles. Fabric distortions under cross-linear load were quantified with a HeNe laser operating a 632 nm wavelength in conjunction with optical spot generator. A numerical model was constructed to evaluate the effect of double jet impingement on the displacement and stresses within the fabrics utilizing fabric distortion data. Preliminary results show that increasing the water pressure up to 150 psi reduced the amount of water used and did not cause fabric distortion. The use of a small inclination angle of 20 degrees in the direction opposite to the flow of the fabric added a minor level of efficiency to the washing process.
Effects over Lambs on Muscle Time of Feeding a β-Adrenergic Agonist to Wether Animal Performance, Muscle Growth, Endogenous Proteinase Activities, and Meat Tenderness (1993)

Forty wether lambs were used in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement to determine the response of animal performance, muscle growth, proteinase activity, and meat tenderness to 0-adrenergic agonist (BAA) supplementation. Lambs were fed a finishing diet with or without 4 ppm of L644,969 and slaughtered after 0, 2, 4, and 6 wk of treatment. The ADG was higher (P < .05) in the treated than in the control lambs after 2 wk and returned to control levels thereafter. Semitendinosus weight and calpastatin activity were higher and μ-calpain activity was lower in the treated than in the control lambs after 2, 4, and 6 wk. Cathepsin B activity was higher ( P < .0 1) and cystatin-like activity was lower ( P < .05) after 2 wk in treated than in control lambs but returned to control levels thereafter. Longissimus protein:DNA was higher after 4 ( P < .05) and 6 ( P < .01) wk in the treated lambs than in the controls. The concentration of RNA and RNA:DNA ratio were higher ( P < .0 1) in the longissimus and semitendinosus muscles in the treated lambs after 2 wk and remained higher throughout the study. Semitendinosus protein and RNA content were higher after 2, 4, and 6 wk and DNA content was higher after 2 and 6 wk in the treated than in the control lambs. Longissimus shearforce values were higher ( P < .001) in the treated than in the control lambs at all slaughter end points. These data indicate a rapid alteration of muscle growth, activity of the calpain-calpastatin system, and meat tenderness during BAA treatment. It also seems that the BAA-stimulated muscle growth is closely related to the activity of the calpain-calpastatin system.
An Architecture for Finding Entities on the Web (2009)

Recent progress in research fields such as information extraction and information retrieval enables the creation of systems providing better search experiences to Web users. For example, systems that retrieve entities instead of just documents have been built. In this paper we present an approach for large-scale entity retrieval using Web collections as underlying corpus. We propose an architecture for entity extraction and entity ranking starting from Web documents. This is obtained (1) using an existing Web document index and (2) creating an entity centric index. We describe advantages and feasibility of our approach using state-of-the-art tools.