gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regional quantitative noninvasive assessment of cerebral perfusion and function with N-isopropyl-[123I]p-iodoamphetamine. (1985)

Although several reports on the clinical usefulness of N-isopropyl-[123]p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) in the diagnosis of cerebral disease have appeared in the literature, quantitative, noninvasive measurements of regional cerebral blood flow with this method pose difficulties because cerebral IMP uptake not only depends on cerebral perfusion but also on cerebral function. Rather than trying to develop a method to measure cerebral perfusion with IMP, we have chosen to test a method to quantitatively evaluate planar and emission computed tomographic (ECT) studies by comparing the data obtained in patients with established pathology (n = 51, number of scans = 54) with the data obtained in a group of normal individuals (n = 10, number of scans = 11). Using this method, absolute cerebral IMP uptake (counts/pixel/mCi/min) and planar anterior right-left ratios were obtained. Also measured were right-left ratios obtained from 12 paired regions in three ECT slices. In the control group, we found an IMP uptake of 35.6 +/- 4.3 cts/pixel/mCi/min and right-left ratios around 1.00 (s.d. less than 2%). The evaluation of the patients cerebral IMP uptake asymmetries relative to the normal standard values is a useful adjunct to qualitative image analysis in assessing the presence and severity of disease, as qualitative analysis is prone to false-positive and negative results. Cerebral IMP uptake as measured in cts/pixel/mCi/min is abnormal only in severe cerebral disease and therefore generally a less helpful parameter.
Combustion of Boron-Titanium Nanocomposite Powders in Different Environments (2006)

Combustion of nanocomposite powders with the bulk composition 2B+Ti was compared with combustion of blended boron and titanium powders with the same bulk composition and with combustion of aluminum in wet and dry gas environments. Nanocomposite powders were prepared by Arrested Reactive Milling. The gas environments were N2/O 2/CH 4 mixtures with oxygen concentration fixed at 22.5 % and methane concentration varied from 0 to 12 %. The experiments were conducted in a constant volume explosion vessel. The mass loads of metallic fuel were determined from thermodynamic calculations to ensure the maximum flame temperature for each metal fuel – gas mixture combination. The calculations showed that despite the higher adiabatic flame temperatures for Al than for 2B+Ti, a greater energy per unit mass of metal fuel was released to produce heated gaseous combustion products in combustion of 2B+Ti as compared to Al. Experiments with Al powders showed that the flame temperature did not change noticeably as a function of gas composition and remained close to 2560 K. The combustion temperature for the nanocomposite 2B+Ti increased from about 2180 to 2370 K as the methane concentration increased from 0 to 12 %. The bulk burn rates inferred from the rates of pressure rise were consistently higher for the nanocomposite 2B+Ti powder, followed by Al and then by the blended 2B+Ti powder. The efficiency of combustion for all the fuels was assessed by comparing the predicted and experimental portions of the combustion energy used to produce the heated gaseous products. Based on this assessment, nanocomposite boron-based fuels outperformed Al for all environments, with the difference increasing at the increased methane concentrations. Nearly complete combustion was observed for both 2B+Ti fuels (nanocomposite and blended powders) at high methane concentration, when the highest rates of combustion were also observed. Thus, the effect of kinetic trap associated with formation of HOBO could not be detected. It was concluded that nanocomposite 2B+Ti powders enable one to achieve rapid and highly efficient combustion in both dry and wet gaseous environments.
Haploid Genetic Screens Identify an Essential Role for PLP2 in the Downregulation of Novel Plasma Membrane Targets by Viral E3 Ubiquitin Ligases (2013)

The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus gene products K3 and K5 are viral ubiquitin E3 ligases which downregulate MHC-I and additional cell surface immunoreceptors. To identify novel cellular genes required for K5 function we performed a forward genetic screen in near-haploid human KBM7 cells. The screen identified proteolipid protein 2 (PLP2), a MARVEL domain protein of unknown function, as essential for K5 activity. Genetic loss of PLP2 traps the viral ligase in the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is unable to ubiquitinate and degrade its substrates. Subsequent analysis of the plasma membrane proteome of K5-expressing KBM7 cells in the presence and absence of PLP2 revealed a wide range of novel K5 targets, all of which required PLP2 for their K5-mediated downregulation. This work ascribes a critical function to PLP2 for viral ligase activity and underlines the power of non-lethal haploid genetic screens in human cells to identify the genes involved in pathogen manipulation of the host immune system.
Production of biologically active N.alpha.-deacetylthymosin .alpha.1 in Escherichia coli through expression of a chemically synthesized gene (1980)

Thymosin alpha 1, an immune restorative polypeptide hormone, was synthesized in Escherichia coli by using recombinant DNA cloning techniques. Based on the known amino acid sequence, a gene coding for the thymosin alpha 1 polypeptide chain was designed and enzymatically assembled from chemically synthesized oligodeoxyribonucleotide fragments. The gene was ligated into plasmid pBR322 and placed under lac operon control, and N alpha-desacetylthymosin alpha 1 was expressed as part of a beta-galactosidase chimeric protein. Cyanogen bromide cleavage of this protein gave a mixture of polypeptides, among which thymosin alpha 1 activity was detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The E. coli product is identical with native thymosin alpha 1 isolated from calf thymus in the amino acid sequence but lacks the N-terminal acetyl group. Results of a guinea pig migration inhibition factor (MIF) assay, a terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT) assay, and radioimmunoassay indicate that the N alpha-desacetylthymosin alpha 1 produced by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cloning techniques has biological activity equivalent to that of the native hormone.
Cover Picture: Lithography‐Free, Self‐Aligned Inkjet Printing with Sub‐Hundred‐Nanometer Resolution (Adv. Mater. 8/2005) (2005)

Abstract The inherently low resolution of inkjet printing on unpatterned surfaces can be overcome by selective surface modification of a first printed pattern, resulting in hydrophobic repulsion of subsequently deposited aqueous polymer dispersions. This technique, reported by Sirringhaus and co‐workers on p. 997, is capable of achieving sub‐100 nm resolution without any lithographic step. The cover shows an array of polymer transistors patterned with this method on three different length scales, as well as a schematic of the process.
A Gly → Ser Change Causes Defective Folding in Vitro of Calcium-binding Epidermal Growth Factor-like Domains from Factor IX and Fibrillin-1 (1998)

The calcium-binding epidermal growth factor-like (cbEGF) domain is a common motif found in extracellular proteins. A mutation that changes a highly conserved Gly residue to Ser in this domain has been identified both in the factor IX (FIX) and fibrillin-1 genes, where it is associated with relatively mild variants of hemophilia B and Marfan syndrome, respectively. We have investigated the structural consequences in vitro of this amino acid change when introduced into single cbEGF domains from human FIX (G60S) and human fibrillin-1 (G1127S), and a covalently linked pair of cbEGF domains from fibrillin-1. High pressure liquid chromatography analysis, mass spectrometry, and 1H NMR analysis demonstrate that wild-type cbEGF domains purified in the reduced form and refolded in vitro adopt the native fold. In contrast, the Gly --> Ser change causes defective folding of FIX and fibrillin-1 cbEGF domains. However, in the case of the factor IX mutant domain, a Ca2+-dependent change in conformation, identified by NMR in a proportion of the refolded material, suggests that some material refolds to a native-like structure. This is consistent with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of FIX G60S from a hemophilia B patient Oxford d2, which demonstrates that the mutant protein is partially recognized by a monoclonal antibody specific for this region of FIX. NMR analysis of a covalently linked pair of fibrillin cbEGF domains demonstrates that the C-terminal domain adopts the native epidermal growth factor fold, despite the fact that the adjacent mutant domain is misfolded. The implications of these results for disease pathogenesis are discussed.
From Games Shows (2012)

Step aside Deep Blue, Dr Dave Watson FBCS, IBM Director of Emerging Technology, discusses ‘Watson’ – a question and answer system that shows the future of unstructured data analytics, natural language processing and the design of workload optimised systems. The massively parallel processing system with an eight-core processor design that has a combined total of 16 terabytes of memory and can operate at over 80 teraflops (trillions of operations per second) could be set to change the world of health.
The effects of beryllium additions on the oxidation of nickel aluminide and titanium aluminide based intermetallics (1998)

The effects of Be additions on the oxidation behavior of {beta}-NiAl in moist air at 1,000 C and borderline alumina-forming {gamma} (TiAl) + Laves Ti-Al-Cr based alloys at 800 C and 1,000 C in dry and moist air were investigated. The addition of Be to {beta}-NiAl suppressed the formation of transient alumina, and resulted in the formation of a protective BeAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} spinel phase. In dry air, the addition of Be to the Ti-Al-Cr alloys also resulted in the formation of a protective BeAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} spinel phase. In moist air, only Ti-Al-Cr-Be alloys with a high Cr content (10 to 15 a/o) formed the protective BeAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} scale.
Assessing the Fate of Emerging Pathogens in Biosolids (2015)

The federal rule that regulates the land application of these biosolids, 40CFR Part 503, requires that the materials meet certain microbiological standards prior to application. For unrestricted use (Class A), these standards are based on a combination of treatment standards and indicator bacteria limits (i.e., fecal coliform bacteria) or a single pathogenic bacterium, Salmonella. Class B biosolids, which have undergone treatment processes to reduce, but not eliminate, pathogens can also be used in land application programs if specified access and use limitations are observed. Since this regulation was developed, a number of pathogenic microorganisms have emerged as being of potential public health concern. However, data on their fate in biosolids treatment processing as well as their ability to survive and be transported in the environment after land application is lacking. Thus, there are questions about potential health hazards associated with the land application of biosolids.The purpose of this project was to conduct research on the fate of emerging pathogens during biosolids treatment and subsequent application on land. The specific objectives of this research were to:assess the fate of several emerging pathogens (e.g., adenoviruses, hepatitis A virus, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria, and Cryptosporidium) during Class A and Class B biosolids treatment processes;based on the results of 1, assess the fate and transport of the most significant organisms in biosolids applied to soil columns; andassess the potential for selected pathogens to survive and be transported at a field site.Our research was conducted in three phases: In Phase 1, pathogens, including selected bacteria, viruses, and parasites were added to water and/or microcosms to simulate Class A and Class B treatment processes to assess their relative potential for survival. The organisms that survived in the highest numbers or in numbers that represent the highest risk were chosen for further study in Phase 2. These organisms were E. coli, Clostridium perfringens spores, Listeria, and bacteriophage FX174.This involved spiking treated biosolids with the pathogens, then applying the material at typical rates to soil columns. The third phase of the study evaluated the transport and fate of the chosen organisms in a field setting. A lysimeter was instrumented to allow for collection of unsaturated soil samples, ground water samples, runoff samples, and air samples.Neither C. perfringens nor L. innocua were found to move through the soil columns, regardless of soil type or flow rate. E. coli was able to grow in the columns run at 22 C. As expected, FX174 exhibited the greatest potential for transport through the soils. The results of the column studies closely mirrored those of the field studies. More transport was observed in the sand than in the loam soil; no microorganisms were detected in any of the air samples collected.This title belongs to WERF Research Report SeriesISBN: 9781843397618 (eBook)
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF IM-862 NASAL SOLUTION IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH AIDS-RELATED KAPOSI'S SARCOMA. (1998)

54 Background: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common neoplasm associated with HIV infection. While recent advances have been made in the treatment of advanced disease with cytotoxic chemotherapy, better options for the treatment of early disease are needed. IM-862 is a naturally occurring small peptide which has shown to inhibit angiogenesis in the CAM assay. Methods: In this open label pilot trial, we tested IM-862 at a fixed dose of 5 mg in 0.7 ml of diluent, given as nasal drops to patients with AIDS-KS to assess its anti-tumor activity and side effects. Patients were followed monthly for HIV viral load and T-cell counts. Results: To date, 17 males with AIDS-KS have been accrued with a median age of 40 years (range 23-48). Seven patients had >50 mucocutaneous lesions, the remaining 10 had 5 to 25 mucocutaneous lesions; 4 of these had large confluent areas of disease. None had visceral involvement. 12 patients received prior systemic chemotherapy with paclitaxel (n=5), liposomal anthracycline (n=4), of both (n=3). 11 (65%) patients reported one or multiple prior AIDS-defining opportunistic infections. The median entry CD4+ lymphocyte count was 99/mm3 (range 1-555): 14 (82%) had a CD4+ ≤200/mm3. All but two patients were on concurrent protease inhibitor(s), starting a median of 8 months (range 1 to 17) prior to treatment. Thirteen of these patients developed new lesions or progressive KS while receiving protease treatment. Fourteen patients are evaluable for response. Thus far, 8 of 14 (57%) evaluable patients have shown partial remissions (PR), occuring after a median of 7 weeks (range 3-17). All PRs have persisted after 9+ to 35+ weeks. Five responders received prior systemic chemotherapy. One responder had no prior or current exposure to a protease inhibitor. Three patients remain stable after 8+ and 36+ weeks and three have progressed. Adverse effects with IM-862 are limited to mild and transient headaches, elevated liver enzymes, fatigue, moodiness, and ear congestion. There were no hematologic adverse effects. Conclusion: We conclude that IM-862 given as intranasal drops is well tolerated and has anti-tumor activity in patients with AIDS-KS. Additional accrual is ongoing.
Mass spectra of spirostanol and furostanol glycosides (1975)

The electron impact mass spectra of twenty acetates and methylates of spirostanol and related furostanol glycosides of high molecular weight (above 650) have been investigated, and the most probable fragmentation patterns of the glycoside derivatives are presented. High resolution mass spectrometry provides useful information concerning the structures of both aglycone and sugar moieties as well as the molecular size of the oligoglycosides.
Multifocal myoclonus as a presentation of levetiracetam toxicity (2021)

This is a unique manifestation of LEV toxicity, which has been scarce in the literature. It suggests an inverted U-shaped dose-response of the antimyoclonic effect of LEV.
Deletion of a Recombined Ig Heavy Chain Transgene in B-Lineage Cells of Transgenic Mice (1998)

Fully recombined transgenes are stable in their transmission in the germline of transgenic mice, in common with the endogenous genetic complement of most mammalian somatic tissues, including the genes for lymphoid Ag receptors somatically generated from germline minigenes. There have, however, been isolated reports of unusual low frequency transgene losses in various transgenic mice. Here we show, using Southern blots and PCR-based assays, that plasmablast hybridomas and B cells from three independently derived founder lines of transgenic mice bearing a recombined heavy chain Ig transgene we have been studying show a significant net loss of transgene copies. This loss is more marked in the B cells expressing endogenous heavy chains than in those expressing transgenic heavy chains. We have also examined cells of the B lineage in the bone marrow, and a small degree of deletion is also evident in CD19+ CD23- IgM- immature B-lineage cells. As greater deletion is observed in mature B cells, it is possible that the deletion process either continues into B cell maturity and/or provides a selective advantage. We have investigated the relationship between transgene expression and deletion, and we find that while thymocytes in these mice express the transgene well, T cell hybridomas derived from transgenic thymus do not show any loss of the transgene. Thus, a recombined Ig heavy chain transgene prominently undergoes somatic deletion in B-lineage cells independent of its insertion site or expression. This transgenic instability is significant to the analysis of genomic stability as well as to the design of gene therapy strategies.
Silk nanofibers as high efficient and lightweight air filter (2016)

Silk is a widely available, edible, biocompatible, and environmentally sustainable natural material. Particulate matter (PM) pollution has drawn considerable attention because it is a serious threat to public health. Herein, we report a human-friendly silk nanofiber air filter, which exhibits superior filtration efficiency for both PM2.5 and submicron particles with obviously low pressure drop and low basis weight compared to typical commercial microfiber air filters. Additionally, other functions such as antibacterial activity could be easily integrated into the silk nanofiber air filters, enabling the fabrication of multifunctional air filters. All the above characteristics, combined with the natural abundance and biocompatibility of silk, suggest a great potential for the use of silk nanofibers as air filters, especially as comfortable and personal air purifiers.
Protein is an important but undervalued macronutrient in the nutritional care of patients with cystic fibrosis (2014)

Body composition assessment and achieving protein balance in the routine care in CF is important to prevent muscle loss and further improve the clinical and overall outcome of these patients. New approaches are needed to optimize the interaction between high essential amino-acid-rich protein intake and pancreatic enzyme regimen in CF. The optimal level of protein intake needs to be assessed in clinically stable CF patients as well as in those recovering from an acute exacerbation.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Index—one DAE Systems (2000)

In this paper the nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) prob­lem for systems described by index-one differential algebraic equations (DAEs) is considered. It is shown, that with no or only minor modifications most of the NMPC schemes for ordinary differential equations can be used in the index-one DAE case and that they also guarantee stability. For the quasi-infinite horizon NMPC concept and the dual-mode control, however, the procedures to compute appropriate terminal penalty terms and terminal regions must be modified for the index-one DAE case and are presented here. The resulting quasi-infinite horizon NMPC scheme for index-one DAEs is demonstrated us­ing a nontrivial process control example, namely the control of a high-purity binary distillation column with 40 trays. To make real-time application fea­sible, a nonlinear reduced order DAE model for the column based on nonlin­ear wave propagation phenomena is introduced. Simulations show promising closed-loop behavior while the on-line computational load permits real-time implementation.
A six-membered-ring incorporated Si-rhodamine for imaging of copper(ii) in lysosomes (2016)

The regulation of copper homeostasis in lysosomes of living cells is closely related to various physiological and pathological processes. Thus, it is of urgent need to develop a fluorescent probe for selectively and sensitively monitoring the location and concentration of lysosomal Cu(2+). Herein, a six-membered ring, thiosemicarbazide, was incorporated into a Si-rhodamine (SiR) scaffold for the first time, affording a SiR-based fluorescent probe SiRB-Cu. Through the effective Cu(2+)-triggered ring-opening process, the probe exhibits fast NIR chromogenic and fluorogenic responses to Cu(2+) within 2 min as the result of formation of a highly fluorescent product SiR-NCS. Compared with a five-membered ring, the expanded ring retains great tolerance to H(+), ensuring the superior sensitivity with a detection limit as low as 7.7 nM and 200-fold enhancement of relative fluorescence in the presence of 1.0 equiv. of Cu(2+) in pH = 5.0 solution, the physiological pH of lysosome. Moreover, the thiosemicarbazide moiety acts not only as the chelating and reactive site, but also as an efficient lysosome-targeting group, leading to the proactive accumulation of the probe into lysosomes. Taking advantage of these distinct properties, SiRB-Cu provides a functional probe suitable for imaging exogenous and endogenous lysosomal Cu(2+) with high imaging contrast and fidelity.
Dynamic pressure sensing with a fiber-optic polarimetric pressure transducer with two-wavelength passive quadrature readout (1998)

We describe the combination of a polarimetric pressure sensor with a two-wavelength passive quadrature demodulation system allowing for dynamic pressure sensing in the 10-MPa range with unambiguous fringe counting. Furthermore, continuous phase measurement with the arctan method applied to the quadrature interference signals after automatic offset subtraction is demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge. A single low-coherent superluminescent diode is used as a light source, and a polarizing beam splitter in combination with two adjustable interference filters of slightly different central wavelengths serves for the creation of the quadrature signals. Results of initial experiments with 60-ms pressure relaxation-time constants with the fringe-counting technique demonstrate the performance that was predicted theoretically. The measured pressure sensitivity exhibits excellent agreement with the previous research of Bock and Urbanczyk [IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 44, 694-697 (1995)] using a polarimetric readout. The fringe-contrast variation and the measurement range obtained experimentally show the fiber dispersion to influence dephasing (deviation from quadrature) and visibility decrease significantly with increasing pressure.