gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust digital control for an LLC current-resonant DC-DC converter (2012)

If a pulse frequency, a load resistance of an LLC current-resonant DC-DC converter are changed, the dynamic characteristics is varied greatly, that is, the LLC current-resonant DC-DC converter has non-linear characteristics. In many applications of DC-DC converters, loads cannot be specified in advance, and they will be changed suddenly from no loads to full loads. A DC-DC converter system used a conventional single controller cannot be adapted to change dynamics and it occurs large output voltage variation. In this paper, a robust digital controller for suppress the change of step response characteristics and variations of output voltages in the load sudden changes is proposed. Experimental studies using a micro-processor for the controller demonstrate that this type of digital controller is effective to suppress the variations.
Multifrequency electron spin echo envelope modulation in S=1/2, I=1/2 systems: Analysis of the spectral amplitudes, line shapes, and linewidths (1988)

The nuclear modulation effect in S=1/2, I=1/2 systems is analyzed with particular emphasis on the impact of variation of the external field strength. We show that the modulation depth parameter k reaches its maximum possible value when the Zeeman and hyperfine interactions are made equal in magnitude, or ‘‘matched,’’ and that this matching plays the dominant role in determining the ESEEM (electron spin echo envelope modulation) line shapes; the distinctive ESEEM spectral features are readily understood on this basis. Through multifrequency ESEEM, it is possible to interpret the features and to utilize them to measure hyperfine interactions. We discuss several experimental strategies, involving the field dependences of ESEEM amplitudes, line shapes, and linewidths, for determining hyperfine coupling constants.
Nanomagnetic logic: from magnetic ordering to magnetic computing (2014)

Magnetic computing – in the broadest sense – is about using magnetic signals (nanomagnets, domain walls) to represent and process information. Nowadays, when "information processing" and "electronics" is synonymous, this concept sounds rather exotic. However, before the triumphant era of CMOS logic devices, non-charge based computers were serious candidates for information processing – for example, ingenious magnetic computing circuits were invented by R. J. Spain [1–3]. It was Cowburn [4] who first realized that the properties of nanoscale, single-domain magnets – which are very different from large, multi-domain magnets – are well suited for digital computing.
On the solution of eigenvalue problems deriving from the MoM analysis of EBG structures (2004)

This paper describes an efficient method for calculating the dispersion diagram of planar electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures. When using an integral equation approach, the calculation of the dispersion diagram is based on an iterative procedure (with a double loop in frequency and propagation constant), which involves a full-wave analysis and the solution of an eigenvalue problem. In our approach, the full-wave analysis is performed by using the MoM/BI-RME method, which is based on the formulation of an integral equation and its solution by the Method of Moments (MOM) with entire-domain basis functions. For a given value of propagation constant and frequency, this full-wave analysis leads to a matrix eigenvalue problem, and the frequencies where the eigenvalue problem presents non-trivial solutions determine the points of the dispersion diagram. The search of the such frequencies is tipically based on the search of the zeros of the determinant of the MOM matrix. In this paper, we propose a different method, based on the tracking of the eigenvalues of the MOM matrix in the complex plane when varying the frequency. This approach proved more reliable than the classical method based on the direct search of the determinant zeros. The method is applied to the analysis of the classical uniplanar compact photonic-bandgap structure, and some results show the accuracy and the efficiency of the method. A comparison between the method based on the tracking of the eigenvalues and the one based on the search of the determinant zeros permits to highlight the advantage of the proposed approach.
Manganese Oxides for Environmental Assessment (2018)

Core Ideas Synthesis of birnessite that forms a durable coating requires both high lactate and high Na to K ratios. A high lactate to permanganate ratio facilitates a rapid (&lt;10 min) nucleation of birnessite crystals. The high Na/K ratio facilitates crystal growth along the c axis because Na + ions fit well within the triclinic structure. Early‐formed birnessite is initially poorly ordered, but ordering along the c axis occurs over 2 to 3 d. Differences in durability of birnessites are likely related to crystal morphology. Following on earlier work that has shown the value of iron‐based IRIS (Indicator of Reduction In Soils) technology, recent efforts have focused on developing a manganese‐based IRIS coating. A synthesis procedure developed utilizing a high Na lactate to KMnO 4 molar ratio followed by 3 d of dialysis, forms a crystalline birnessite that can be easily applied to PVC tubing and which forms a durable manganese oxide coating. In this study, a series of experiments were run to evaluate the impact of the following parameters on the synthesis of the birnessite: Na/K ratio; lactate/permanganate ratio; lactate source; reaction time; centrifuge washing; dialysis and ageing of the samples. Results confirm that to synthesize birnessite that forms a durable coating both high lactate and high Na/K ratios are required. The high lactate/permanganate ratio (6.7) facilitates a rapid nucleation of triclinic birnessite crystals within 10 min during which time the initial structural template is established, and where some of the manganese (approximately 38%) is reduced to Mn 3+ . The high Na/K facilitates the ordering of the triclinic birnessite along the c axis following synthesis, and based on analyses of x‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, the crystallites grow from 2 to 12 nm in direction of c axis over the course of several days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses show that oriented structured particles up to 1 μm form. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses demonstrate that there is no difference in the charge structure of the Mn between birnessites that will, or will not, form a durable coating. We conclude that the differences in durability are related primarily to physical interaction and/or interlocking of crystals.
Self‐Assembly of Linear and Cyclic Siloxane‐Containing Mesogens: Investigation of Layered Structures in Bulk and Thin Films (2011)

Silicon-containing materials which possess the ability to form mesophases are promising systems for applications in the fields of electro-optical devices, nonlinear optics, and information storage media. In this work, the formation of supramolecular assemblies of a series of low molecular weight siloxane-containing mesogens is presented. Besides a novel synthesis route via Ru(II) -catalyzed hydrosilylation of phenyl acetylene derivatives, mesophase characterization by modern analysis techniques is performed. As linker groups, leading to bi- and tetramesogens, linear disiloxane and cyclic tetrasiloxane are utilized. In the resulting class of materials, high thermal stability, induced by the formation of layered smectic-type structures, is predominant. The smectic-type phases were found to be monotropic. Layer distances in the assemblies, as well as the phase transition temperatures, can be controlled by the substitution motif on the mesogens (number and length of alkyl chains). In spin-cast thin films, the layered domains are visualized by atomic force microscopy; furthermore, domain dimensions and electron densities are determined by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering.
Built in self repair for embedded high density SRAM (2002)

As the density of embedded memory increases, manufacturing yields of integrated circuits can reach unacceptable limits. Normal memory testing operations require BIST to effectively deal with problems such as limited access and "at speed" testing. In this paper we describe a novel methodology that extends the BIST concept to diagnosis and repair utilizing redundant components. We describe an application using redundant columns and accompanying algorithms. It allows for the autonomous repair of defective circuitry without external stimulus (e.g. laser repair). The method has been implemented with negligible timing penalties and reasonable area overhead.
Comment on “optimum depth of the information pit on the data surface of a compact disk” (2004)

In a recent paper [1] Li et al. investigated the question of optimum pit depth in optical disc read-out. Data on such a disc (e.g. CD or DVD) is encoded in a spiral track of pits of varying length and read out by scanning a diffraction limited spot along this spiral track. When the scanning spot is over land all light is reflected and collected by the objective lens. The resulting intensity measured at the photodetector is near maximum. When the scanning spot is over a pit light is scattered away from the aperture of the objective lens, and as a result the measured intensity at the photo-detector will be lower than for the land case. The question is how deep the pits should be in order to maximize the modulation between the land and pit signal. In reference [1] and in a previous paper of similar character [2] the authors calculated the interference between two axially displaced point sources that are imaged by a thin lens to two points close to the detector plane. This results in an interference term that varies as cos k 1þM T , with MT being the lateral magnification of the lens and k 1⁄4 2 /l, where l is the wavelength. Minimum intensity (optimized pit depth) is obtained when
Inhibition of androgen induces autophagy in benign prostate epithelial cells (2013)

5-α Reductase inhibitor treatment increases autophagy and possibly decreases the apoptosis of prostate epithelial cells.
Correlation of prostaglandin E2 concentrations in synovial fluid with ground reaction forces and clinical variables for pain or inflammation in dogs with osteoarthritis induced by transection of the cranial cruciate ligament (2004)

Assessment of the acute inflammatory process by measurement of PGE2 concentrations in synovial fluid may be correlated with the amount of pain or lameness in dogs.
Eicosanoids enhance epidermal growth factor receptor activation and proliferation in glomerular epithelial cells (1992)

Proliferation of glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) and release of prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxane (Tx) A2 may occur in glomerular injury. We studied the relationship of eicosanoids to epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced proliferation of rat GEC in culture. After 48 h of serum-deprivation, EGF stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation ninefold above serum-deprived cells. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase with indomethacin or of Txsynthase with OKY-046 decreased the proliferative effect of EGF by 50 and 38%, respectively. The effect of indomethacin was reversed by addition of PGE2. Synthesis of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and TxA2 by serum-deprived GEC was not enhanced by EGF. Scatchard analysis of 125I-EGF binding to GEC demonstrated two populations of EGF receptors; the high-affinity site had a dissociation constant (Kd) of 444 pM and 24,864 receptors/cell. EGF receptor autophosphorylation (reflecting receptor activation) was studied by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of GEC membrane proteins with anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. EGF increased phosphorylation of a protein of approximately 170 kDa, which comigrated with proteins immunoprecipitated from [35S]methionine-labeled GEC with antibodies to EGF receptor. Indomethacin and OKY-046 decreased the EGF-dependent phosphorylation of the 170-kDa protein, and this decrease was overcome by addition of PGE2. Indomethacin and OKY-046 did not, however, reduce 125I-EGF binding. Thus, in GEC, the basal synthesis of eicosanoids enhanced EGF-induced proliferation. This effect appears to be due to enhancement of EGF receptor activation.
Imprinting of insulin-like growth factor 2 is modulated during hematopoiesis (2000)

The transcription of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is affected by genomic imprinting, a multistep process through which the parental origin of a gene influences its transcription. The maternal copy of IGF-2 is silenced in most human tissues, but in the choroid plexus and the adult liver both alleles of IGF-2 are expressed. This study shows that though in peripheral blood mononuclear cells IGF-2shows paternal allele-specific expression, in total bone marrow both alleles are transcribed. This modulation of imprinting is not attributable to use of the P1 promoter, because transcription from the P3 promoter occurred from both alleles. These results suggest that transcriptional recognition of the IGF-2 imprint can be modulated during hematopoiesis and may facilitate the development of in vitro model systems to study the transcriptional recognition of a genomic imprint.
Comparative Analysis of Symmetric Cryptographic Algorithms on .Net Platform (2016)

Objectives: To find which cryptographic algorithm would produce fine result. Methods: This survey mainly focuses to an analysis of symmetric cryptographic algorithms DES, 3DES, AES, RC4 in the basis of encryption/decryption time, memory and throughput. Here .net platform has been used to simulate the results to find the best algorithm for text file transmission. Findings: Simulation tests are conducted for text files in different file sizes. These text files are given as input to each specified algorithms and calculated the results. The tests have taken seven different sizes of text files. How the above algorithms affect system resources while encryption and decryption process are explained in this project. The key focus of the project is to find the performance of the algorithms. Applications/Improvements: If the algorithm shows lowest performance in throughput/memory/encryption time, new algorithm has to be developed to give better performance with all of these metrics. Keywords: Advanced Encryption Standard, Data Encryption Standard, Decryption Time, Encryption Time, Performance, Throughput
Random Copolymerization of ε-Caprolactone with Lactide Using a Homosalen−Al Complex (2010)

The bulky substituents of homosalen complexes decelerate the ring-opening polymerization of racemic lactide (LA). The substituent effects provide the first catalysis for the random copolymerization of epsilon-caprolactone (CL) with LA (CL/LA = 1:1). The copolymerization of CL with LA (CL/LA = 1:1) by the iPr(3)Si-substituted homosalen-Al complex 2 affords the practically random copolymer in a controlled manner. The reactivity ratios, average sequence lengths of CL and LA during the copolymerization, abundance ratios of the triad caproyl sequences, and T(g) value of the obtained copolymer indicate that the copolymer was random with a somewhat alternative tendency (r(CL)r(LA) = 0.80).
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser sources for gigahertz-bandwidth, multiwavelength frequency-domain photon migration (2017)

Frequency-domain photon migration (FDPM) uses modulated laser light to measure the bulk optical properties of turbid media and is increasingly applied for noninvasive functional medical imaging in the near-infrared. Although semiconductor edge-emitting laser diodes have been traditionally used as miniature light sources for this application, we show that vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) exhibit output power and modulation performance characteristics suitable for FDPM measurements of tissue optical properties at modulation frequencies exceeding 1 GHz. We also show that an array of multiple VCSEL devices can be coherently modulated at frequencies suitable for FDPM and can improve optical power. In addition, their small size and simple packaging make them an attractive choice as components in wearable sensors and clinical FDPM-based optical spectroscopy systems. We demonstrate the benefits of VCSEL technology by fabricating and testing a unique, compact VCSEL-based optical probe with an integrated avalanche photodiode. We demonstrate sensitivity of the VCSEL-based probe to subcutaneous tissue hemodynamics that was induced during an arterial cuff occlusion of the upper arm in a human subject.
Cellular regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (2001)

Renal function is highly dependent on endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). Several renal disorders have been linked to impaired NO bioavailability. The enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of NO within the renal endothelium is endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). eNOS-mediated NO generation is a highly regulated cellular event, which is induced by calcium-mobilizing agonists and fluid shear stress. eNOS activity is regulated at the transcriptional level but also by a variety of modifications, such as acylation and phosphorylation, by its cellular localization, and by protein-protein interactions. The present review focuses on the complex regulation of eNOS within the endothelial cell.
Recursive Estimation and Identification of Time-Varying Long-Term Fading Channels (2007)

This paper is concerned with modeling of time-varying wireless long-term fading channels, parameter estimation, and identification from received signal strength data. Wireless channels are represented by stochastic differential equations, whose parameters and state variables are estimated using the expectation maximization algorithm and Kalman filtering, respectively. The latter are carried out solely from received signal strength data. These algorithms estimate the channel path loss and identify the channel parameters recursively. Numerical results showing the viability of the proposed channel estimation and identification algorithms are presented.
Heat Emitting Layers as an aid for Enhancing NDE of Aircraft Composite Structures (2008)

A technique using hybrid polymer composites with infrared thermography is presented as a potential method for non-destructive evaluatio n (NDE) of composite structures. Termed HELTHY (Heat Emitting Layer for THermographY), the technique utilizes a heat emitting layer (HEL) to input thermal energy from within the structures. This integrated hybrid HEL/composite approach is aimed at aiding NDE by improving inspection depth and visibility. In this experimental investigation flat laminates were inspected. The HEL ply was placed within a ply stack and defects were induced at various positions throughout the ply stack before the processing procedure. Once the HEL was activated using external power, surface temperature readings were taken using an infrared detector. The idea was based on the fact that variations in the surface temperature relate to non-uniformities, i.e. defects are within the laminate. The concept proves to be very tolerant of a number of input parameters and clear images could be obtained of the embedded defects. The concept was also applied to more complex small-scale case studies to determine applicability to different types of composite structures.
Efficient synthesis of 1-(trialkylstannyl)- and 1-(triarylstannyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient synthesis of 1-(trialkylstannyl)- and 1-(triarylstannyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanesDana S. Toops and Michael R. BarbachynCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 23, 6505–6508Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00075a063https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00075a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views423Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Concurrent Shuffle Differential Privacy Under Continual Observation (2023)

We introduce the concurrent shuffle model of differential privacy. In this model we have multiple concurrent shufflers permuting messages from different, possibly overlapping, batches of users. Similarly to the standard (single) shuffle model, the privacy requirement is that the concatenation of all shuffled messages should be differentially private. We study the private continual summation problem (a.k.a. the counter problem) and show that the concurrent shuffle model allows for significantly improved error compared to a standard (single) shuffle model. Specifically, we give a summation algorithm with error $\tilde{O}(n^{1/(2k+1)})$ with $k$ concurrent shufflers on a sequence of length $n$. Furthermore, we prove that this bound is tight for any $k$, even if the algorithm can choose the sizes of the batches adaptively. For $k=\log n$ shufflers, the resulting error is polylogarithmic, much better than $\tildeΘ(n^{1/3})$ which we show is the smallest possible with a single shuffler. We use our online summation algorithm to get algorithms with improved regret bounds for the contextual linear bandit problem. In particular we get optimal $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{n})$ regret with $k= \tildeΩ(\log n)$ concurrent shufflers.
Adsorption of proteins on spherical polyelectrolyte brushes in aqueous solution (2003)

We consider the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB). The SPB consist of a solid polystyrene core of 100 nm diameter onto which linear polyelectrolyte chains [poly(acrylic acid), (PAA)] are grafted. The adsorption of BSA is studied at a pH of 6.1 at different concentrations of added salt and buffer. We observe strong adsorption of BSA onto the SPB despite the effect that the particles as well as the dissolved BSA are charged negatively. The adsorption of BSA is strongest at low salt concentration and decreases drastically with increasing amounts of added salt. Virtually no adsorption takes place at salt concentration of 0.1 M. Moreover, the adsorbed protein can be washed out again by raising the ionic strength from low to high values. A major driving force for the adsorption is located at a lower pH within the brush at low ionic strength. Thus, the isoelectric point of the protein may be approached or even reached. In this case strong interaction between the SPB and the protein results. Moreover, the negative charge of the polyelectrolyte interacts with the patches of positive charges on the protein. In this way the protein becomes a multivalent counterion within the brush and monovalent counterions will be released. All results demonstrate that the SPB present a new class of colloidal carrier particles whose interaction with proteins can be tuned in a well-defined fashion.