gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple quantum well in-line optical modulators using tunable distributed Bragg gratings photonically controlled active array (2002)

The integration of photonic technology into phased array radar systems promises to reduce aperture, weight, size, transmit/receive (T/R) module complexity, mitigate EMI, and accommodate wider signal bandwidth with frequency independent beam steering. One of the photonic control methodology is to employ true time delays which have been incorporated in a variety of ways in the realization of phased array radar. We have proposed a technique using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to address a large number of elements, with each clement carrying the phase information on one channel/wavelength. This architecture is optically non-coherent and achieves a reduction in hardware complexity via sharing of various devices. As part of the Office of Naval Research's Accelerated Capabilities initiative, Raytheon/University of Connecticut team is developing and implementing this methodology. This paper focuses on the devices, including novel waveguide amplitude modulators and tunable filters, required to implement such an architecture. In particular, we propose to employ the quantum confined Stark effect in 1.55 micron InGaAsP/InP multiple quantum well (MQWs) for these components. We intend to use the quadratic electrorefractive effect in InGaAsP (1.5 /spl mu/m)/InGaAsP (1.3 /spl mu/m) and/or InGaAsP (1.5 /spl mu/m)/InP multiple quantum well (MQW) structures to achieve intensity modulation with the applied signal voltage. The investigation focuses on MQW devices which exhibit the quantum confined Stark effect since these devices yield large changes of refractive index with low insertion loss and are capable of being modulated at the required frequencies. The details of modulator structures are described.
Underwater Optical Imaging for Automotive Wading (2018)

An underwater imaging system was investigated for automotive use in highly scattered underwater environments. The purpose of the system is the driver's information about hidden obstacles, such as stones, driftwood, open sewer hatches. A comparison of various underwater vision methods was presented by the way they are implemented, the range reached, and the cost of implementation. It has been experimentally shown that a conventional active system can provide a maximum visibility range of up to three light attenuation lengths. In most practical cases of turbid waters during floods, this corresponds to distances of about 1 meter. From the presented analysis it follows that advanced extended range imaging methods allow increasing of the visibility range up to 2 meters.
The Effect of Structural Design on Mechanical Properties and Cellular Response of Additive Manufactured Titanium Scaffolds (2012)

Restoration of segmental defects in long bones remains a challenging task in orthopedic surgery. Although autologous bone is still the ‘Gold Standard’ because of its high biocompatibility, it has nevertheless been associated with several disadvantages. Consequently, artificial materials, such as calcium phosphate and titanium, have been considered for the treatment of bone defects. In the present study, the mechanical properties of three different scaffold designs were investigated. The scaffolds were made of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V), fabricated by means of an additive manufacturing process with defined pore geometry and porosities of approximately 70%. Two scaffolds exhibited rectangular struts, orientated in the direction of loading. The struts for the third scaffold were orientated diagonal to the load direction, and featured a circular cross-section. Material properties were calculated from stress-strain relationships under axial compression testing. In vitro cell testing was undertaken with human osteoblasts on scaffolds fabricated using the same manufacturing process. Although the scaffolds exhibited different strut geometry, the mechanical properties of ultimate compressive strength were similar (145–164 MPa) and in the range of human cortical bone. Test results for elastic modulus revealed values between 3.7 and 6.7 GPa. In vitro testing demonstrated proliferation and spreading of bone cells on the scaffold surface.
Multiplexed and microparticle‐based analyses: Quantitative tools for the large‐scale analysis of biological systems (2006)

While the term flow cytometry refers to the measurement of cells, the approach of making sensitive multiparameter optical measurements in a flowing sample stream is a very general analytical approach. The past few years have seen an explosion in the application of flow cytometry technology for molecular analysis and measurements using microparticles as solid supports. While microsphere-based molecular analyses using flow cytometry date back three decades, the need for highly parallel quantitative molecular measurements that has arisen from various genomic and proteomic advances has driven the development in particle encoding technology to enable highly multiplexed assays. Multiplexed particle-based immunoassays are now common place, and new assays to study genes, protein function, and molecular assembly. Numerous efforts are underway to extend the multiplexing capabilities of microparticle-based assays through new approaches to particle encoding and analyte reporting. The impact of these developments will be seen in the basic research and clinical laboratories, as well as in drug development.
Prolonged maintenance of human hair follicles in vitro in a serum-free medium (1993)

We have previously reported the in vitro growth of human hair follicles for up to 4 days in a partially defined medium containing serum. We now report the prolonged in vitro growth of isolated human hair follicles for at least 9 days. This was achieved after analysis of the contribution of certain components of the original medium and, by a process of elimination, deriving a completely defined medium supplemented only with antibiotics, L-glutamine, insulin and hydrocortisone. We have shown, by [methyl-3H] thymidine autoradiography, that the hair follicles grown in this medium maintain an in vivo pattern of DNA synthesis, and that the gross morphology and histology of these maintained hair follicles remains similar to that of freshly isolated hair follicles. We have also shown that the patterns of keratin synthesis, as determined by [35S] methionine labelling, do not alter with maintenance.
Fast greedy insertion and deletion in sparse Gaussian process regression. (2015)

In this paper, we introduce a new and straightforward criterion for successive insertion and deletion of training points in sparse Gaussian process regression. Our novel approach is based on an approximation of the selection technique proposed by Smola and Bartlett (1). It is shown that the resulting selection strategies are as fast as the purely randomized schemes for insertion and deletion of training points. Experiments on real-world robot data demonstrate that our obtained regression models are competitive with the computationally intensive state-of-the-art methods in terms of generalization accuracy.
New Genetic and Pharmacological Treatments for Cystic Fibrosis (2009)

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a still life-treathening disease, although therapies have augmented the life span of CF individuals. Isolation of the CF gene, named CFTR (CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator), led to the discovery that it encodes for a protein kinase A-regulated chloride channel, expressed by epithelial cells mainly in mucosal tissues. Mutated or absent CFTR brings about altered muco-ciliary clearance, by a yet disputed mechanism (likely involving overfunction of the epithelial sodium channel [ENaC]), and ultimately to colonization and infection of the airways by a few opportunistic bacteria species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.). An exuberant and persistent acute inflammatory reaction is commonly observed in the lung from CF patients, representing a key pathogenetic event of lung damage and respiratory insufficiency. Lung disease is the chief cause of morbidity and mortality in CF patients and current therapies are aimed at controlling the respiratory symptoms by antibiotic and anti-inflammatory treatments. Major improvements in the strategy to fight pulmonary P.a. infection are based on treatment of first colonization with P.a., of chronic infection and of multidrug resistant bacteria. Controlling inflammation is a challenging, however crucial, task in CF therapy. Since classical steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are endowed with serious side-effects, alternative antiinflammatory strategies are being developed, including drugs which modulate cytokine expression, nitric oxide production and the oxidation unbalance in the CF airways. Soon after gene identification, gene transfer vectors to replace the defective gene were developed and underwent a number of human trials which have not yet produced a viable clinical gene therapy strategy. Novel gene therapy vectors and strategies for delivering them more efficiently and safely to the lung are being studied. In the last few years various in vitro studies have demonstrated the possibility of pharmacological intervention to correct the primary defect in CF. This may be obtained by directly addressing the CFTR protein (by means of so-called correctors and potentiators) or by modulating the activity of other types of ion transport in epithelial cells (such as with Moli1901 or denufosol). Novel interventions aimed to improve the mucociliary clearance, including hypertonic saline, mannitol and ENaC inhibitors, will be finally discussed. Keywords: Bacterial infection, correctors, CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), ENaC (epithelial sodium channel), gene therapy, inflammation, mucociliary clearance, potentiators
Antibioprophylaxis in surgery and interventional medicine (adult patients). Update 2017 (2019)

Infection is a risk for any intervention. In surgery, for example, pathogenic bacteria are found in more than 90% of operative wounds during closure. This exists whatever the surgical technique and whatever the environment (the laminar flow does not entirely eliminate this risk). These bacteria are few in number but can proliferate. They find in the operative wound a favourable environment (haematoma, ischaemia, modification of oxido-reduction potential...) and the intervention induces anomalies of the immune defences. In the case of the installation of foreign material, the risk is increased. The objective of antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) is to prevent bacterial growth in order to reduce the risk of infection at the site of the intervention. The preoperative consultation represents a privileged moment to decide on the prescription of a ABP. It is possible to define the type of intervention planned, the associated risk of infection (and therefore the necessity or not of ABP), the time of prescription before surgery and any allergic antecedents which may modify the choice of the selected antibiotic molecule.
An integrated environment for HDL verification (2002)

The functional verification of a digital design is an expensive step in the design process. As designs become more complex, simulation is challenged throughout the design and verification process, both at the low level (implementation verification), to show that a low level implementation implements a higher-level specification, and at the high level (design verification), to show that a design complies with some abstract specification. In both areas, formal methods can extend the reach of simulation: for implementation verification, equivalence checking is used to show that two circuits are functionally the same in some well defined sense. For design verification, model checking and other property checking techniques serve as a smart simulator. This paper describes Forte, a formal verification prototype that integrates formal verification and simulation. Forte fits into a standard top-down design flow using standard HDL's such as Verilog-HDL and VHDL, and works well with synthesis. Forte includes traditional and symbolic simulation, combinational and sequential equivalence, and CTL model checking. We discuss its design and implementation, and illustrate the utility of combining formal verification and simulation using an example. Moreover, Forte's object-oriented design makes it an ideal platform for rapidly evaluating new ideas in verification.
Ability of Garlic and Ginger Oil to Reduce Salmonella in Post-Harvest Poultry (2022)

Approximately 1.35 million human salmonellosis cases are reported in the United States every year, resulting in over 26,000 hospitalizations and 400 deaths. Consumption of contaminated poultry products is one of the leading causes of human salmonellosis. Poultry meat becomes contaminated when feces from an infected bird comes into contact with the carcass during processing. Additional carcasses can then become cross-contaminated along the processing line. While chemicals such as peracetic acid are currently used to kill microbes such as <i>Salmonella</i>, consumers are increasingly calling for more natural alternatives. Our objective for this study was to determine the ability of the phytochemicals garlic and ginger oil to reduce <i>Salmonella</i> prevalence in the processing environment. In a simulated scalding tank environment, dipping contaminated chicken skin samples in a solution containing both garlic and ginger oil reduced Salmonella by up to 2 log CFU. Furthermore, the oils prevented <i>Salmonella</i> growth in the tank solution. The mechanism of action of garlic and ginger was evaluated using the sub-inhibitory concentration of each oil individually. While both were found to decrease autoinducer-2 (AI-2) levels, no effect was seen on expression of 10 genes involved in <i>Salmonella</i> virulence and survival. In total, this work demonstrates the potential of garlic and ginger to reduce <i>Salmonella</i> prevalence in the post-harvest environment. However, more work remains to be done to understand the mechanism of action.
Interleukin‐10 regulates TNF‐α−converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM‐17) involving a TIMP‐3 dependent and independent mechanism (2008)

IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory molecule, which regulates TNF-alpha at multiple levels. We investigated whether IL-10 also modulated the activity of the TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE). Using an ex vivo fluorogenic assay we observed that LPS rapidly induced TACE activity in monocytes coinciding with release of soluble TNF-alpha. In the presence of IL-10, TNF-alpha production and activation of surface TACE was significantly inhibited. Paradoxically, both LPS with or without IL-10 led to accumulation of surface TACE (albeit catalytically inactive) over a 24 h period. We investigated whether this was mediated through induction of endogenous tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3). We found that the inhibition of TACE activity at 2 h by IL-10 was not TIMP-3 dependent but that the late accumulation of surface TACE was prevented with TIMP-3 antibodies. Furthermore, induction of endogenous TIMP-3 was observed by western blotting in both LPS- and in LPS with IL-10-treated monocytes from 6 to 8 h of culture. These results indicate that IL-10 further regulates TNF-alpha by modulating TACE activation at early time points and by contributing to the induction of TIMP-3, the natural inhibitor of active TACE, at later time points. These observations add to our understanding of inflammation and the importance of homeostatic regulators of these events.
Multi-Task Feature Learning (2007)

We present a method for learning a low-dimensional representation which is shared across a set of multiple related tasks.The method builds upon the wellknown 1-norm regularization problem using a new regularizer which controls the number of learned features common for all the tasks.We show that this problem is equivalent to a convex optimization problem and develop an iterative algorithm for solving it.The algorithm has a simple interpretation: it alternately performs a supervised and an unsupervised step, where in the latter step we learn commonacross-tasks representations and in the former step we learn task-specific functions using these representations.We report experiments on a simulated and a real data set which demonstrate that the proposed method dramatically improves the performance relative to learning each task independently.Our algorithm can also be used, as a special case, to simply select -not learn -a few common features across the tasks.
Anionic Metal–Organic Frameworks of Bismuth Benzenedicarboxylates: Synthesis, Structure and Ligand‐Sensitized Photoluminescence (2010)

Abstract Four organic–inorganic bismuth benzenedicarboxylate (bdc)frameworks, [Bi(1,4‐bdc) 2 (dmf)] · (dma)(dmf) 2 ( 1 ), [Bi(1,4‐bdc) 2 ] · (dma)(dmf) ( 2 ), [Bi 4 (1,4‐bdc) 7 (HIm)] · (dma) 2 (dmf) 2 ( 3 ) and [Bi(1,4‐bdc) 2 ] · (dma) ( 4 ) (where dma = dimethyl ammonium cation, HIm = imidazole and dmf = dimethylformamide) have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions, and their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 has a layer structure, whereas compounds 2 – 4 have three‐dimensional structures. All four frameworks are anionic and contain dma cations within cavities in their structures. Compounds 1 – 3 also contain coordinated and/or guest dmf molecules. The topologies of compounds 1 – 3 have 4‐connecting nodes; the layer structure in 1 is a corrugated (4,4)‐connected square lattice, but the three‐dimensional structures of 2 and 3 adopt the (dia) net topology. Compound 4 has a 6‐connecting node with a (pcu) net topology. The BiO n polyhedra are hemidirected with a stereochemically active lone pair of electrons in 2 , but holodirected with astereochemically inactive lone pair of electrons in 1 , 3 and 4 . Tb 3+ ‐ and Eu 3+ ‐doped and co‐doped 3 and 4 emit intense, ligand‐sensitized green, red or orange luminescence, respectively.
Time-frequency signal processing for a Self-Mixing laser sensor for vibration measurement (2012)

In this paper, a novel time-frequency signal processing approach is presented for a Self-Mixing (SM) interferometric Laser Diode (LD) sensor that enables measurement of harmonic and arbitrarily shaped vibrations. The proposed time-frequency technique ameliorates the measurement precision of a previously published time-domain based displacement retrieval technique called the Phase Unwrapping Method (PUM). By incorporating a frequency-domain analysis to the PUM, we not only improve the measurement precision but also recover information about target movement harmonics that can be used for modal analysis applications. In addition, the time-frequency processing has been found to be robust in case of variations in optical feedback coupling factor. The time-frequency technique has thus provided a precision of approx. 15nm rms (while that of PUM is approx. 40nm rms) for micrometric harmonic and arbitrarily shaped vibrations by using a SM sensor based on a LD emitting at 785nm.
Triplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for simultaneous detection of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci and determination of methicillin resistance directly from positive blood culture bottles (2010)

We describe here a 1-step, triplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection and identification of staphylococci directly from signal-positive blood culture bottles containing Gram-positive cocci in clusters (GPCC). The triplex assay targeted and detected tuf, nuc, and mecA genes in a single tube and had a detection limit of 10(5) CFU/mL for each gene target. A total of 341 GPCC-positive blood culture bottles were collected between November 12, 2008, and August 11, 2009. Among them, 230 methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), 54 methicillin-susceptible CoNS, 22 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 22 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, and 13 nonstaphylococci species were identified by conventional methods. The results obtained by triplex assay were in agreement with those of conventional methods for tuf (99.7%), nuc (100.0%), and mecA (99.1%), respectively. The triplex assay was found to have sensitivities of 99.7%, 100%, and 99.2% and specificities of 100%, 100%, and 98.7%, respectively, for the tuf, nuc, and mecA gene targets. The triplex real-time PCR assay accurately detects and identifies staphylococci directly from positive blood cultures without nucleic acid extraction prior to amplification.
Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms and Water Cloud Model for Leaf Area Index Estimation Over Corn Fields (2019)

The Water Cloud Model (WCM) has been widely used for estimation of Leaf Area Index (LAI) from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). In different studies, it was demonstrated that this model performs well if it is calibrated well. However, calibration of this model requires access to both LAI and soil moisture for the calibration points. An alternative, if the soil moisture data are not available, is Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. However, ML methods are highly dependent on the number of calibration points. In this study, 6 different ML algorithms including Neural Network (NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Ensemble of Trees (ET), Regression Tree (RT), Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Gaussian Process Model (GPM) are used and compared with the WCM model for estimation of LAI over corn fields. This comparison was done using different numbers of calibration points. The results demonstrated that when a lower number of calibration points are used, WCM outperformed some of the ML algorithms including NN, SVM and ET algorithms. But with more calibration points, all machine learning algorithms outperformed the WCM. The highest accuracies were from the GPM model with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.93, Root Mean Square (RMSE) of 0.56 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.38 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> . Theses results were derived using the data collected during the SMAP Validation Experiment 2012 (SMAPVEX12) that was conducted in Manitoba, Canada. Further testing and comparison of the ML algorithms and WCM model using data from other Joint Experiment for Crop Assessment and Monitoring (JECAM) sites are ongoing.
On the Yield of Millimeter-Wave Bond-Wire-Antennas in High Volume Production (2013)

For the development of highly integrated millimeter-wave front-end modules, a low-cost and high-performance antenna technology is of paramount importance. Here, standard wire-bond technology is a very attractive candidate due to its widespread availability, computationally efficient modeling options, and promising performance as an antenna. A concern often stated with respect to antennas in this technology, however, is its expected low yield in high volume production. This concern is addressed in this communication by means of a dedicated, computationally efficient antenna model in conjunction with standard deviations of state-of-the-art wire-bonders. The results indicate a possible yield of larger than 99.9% for operating frequencies of up to 250 GHz.
A new constant frequency phase-shifted PWM zero-voltage switching DC-DC converter incorporating non-controlled saturable reactors (1989)

The authors describe a power converter which incorporates saturable reactors as nonlinear elements to perform effective zero-voltage switching under large load and wide voltage-regulation ranges. Its steady-state characteristics are evaluated and discussed on the basis of computer simulation and experiments carried out with a 0.5-kW, 500-kHz breadboard. A power conversion efficiency of more than 88% was obtained. The results demonstrated that electromagnetic interference can be reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>