gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Use of Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Archive Gastric Tissues for Microbiota Characterization Using Next-Generation Sequencing (2020)

Large numbers of well-characterized clinical samples are fundamental to establish relevant associations between the microbiota and disease. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are routinely used and are widely available clinical materials. Since current approaches to study the microbiota are based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of FFPE gastric tissues for NGS-based microbiota characterization. Analysis of sequencing data revealed the presence of bacteria in the paraffin control. After the subtraction of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) present in the paraffin control to the FFPE tissue sample dataset, we evaluated the microbiota profiles between paired FFPE and frozen gastric tissues, and between different times of archiving. Compared with frozen gastric tissues, we detected a lower number of OTUs in the microbiota of paired FFPE tissues, regardless of the time of archiving. No major differences in microbial diversity were identified, but taxonomic variation in the relative abundance of phyla and orders was observed between the two preservation methods. This variation was also evident in each case and throughout the times of FFPE archiving. The use of FFPE tissues for NGS-based microbiota characterization should be considered carefully, as biases can be introduced by the embedding process and the time of tissue archiving.
Immunoisolation: where regenerative medicine meets solid organ transplantation (2012)

Immunoisolation refers to an immunological strategy in which nonself antigens present on an allograft or xenograft are not allowed to come in contact with the host immune system, and it is implemented to prevent allorecognition and avoid immunosuppression. In this setting, the two most promising technologies, encapsulation of pancreatic islets (EPI) and immunocloaking (IC), are used. In the case of EPI, islets are inserted in capsules that, allow exchange of oxygen, nutrients and other molecules. In the case of IC, a natural nanofilm is injected prior to renal transplantation within the vasculature of the graft with the intent to pave the inner surface of the vascular lumen and camouflage the antigens located on the membrane of endothelia cells. Significant progress achieved in experimental models is leading EPI and IC to clinical translation.
Importance of cell proliferative state and potentially lethal damage repair on radiation effectiveness: Implications for combined tumor treatments (Review) (2001)

The dependence of parameters of the linear-quadratic (LQ) model on cell proliferation kinetics of tumors in relation to potentially lethal damage (PLD) and its repair is evaluated. The influence of sensitizing agents on these parameters during fractionated radiotherapy is assessed. Suggestions for scheduling of radiation combined of with sensitizing agents are derived. The parameters alpha and beta of the linear-quadratic model for dose dependence of cell reproductive inactivation, derived from experimental and clinical data, are evaluated to assess their dependence on cell proliferative state, on PLD repair and on the action of various sensitizing agents. PLD contributes to the linear as well as to the quadratic component of the LQ model. PLD is less effectively repaired in proliferating (P) cells than in clonogenic (G0) cells of the quiescent (Q) cell compartment. PLD is influenced by various agents applied during, as well as after irradiation. The parameters alpha and beta are affected differently by the proliferative state of cells, by some of the sensitizing agents, and by radiation quality. The relative fractions of P cells and Q cells can change during fractionated treatments. If recruitment is effective, the fraction of G0 cells decreases in the latter part of a treatment schedule. PLD from subsequent radiation doses is then repaired less and the effectiveness of radiation combined with sensitizing agents may be enhanced. The analyses using the LQ model show differences in PLD and its repair between P cells and G0 cells in tumors. If due to recruitment the compartment of clonogenic G0 cells diminishes during treatment, the combination of radiation with sensitizing agents and the application of high-LET radiation should be scheduled to take this factor into account. For poorly differentiated tumors with high labeling indices (LI), benefit from combined treatments is expected from early in the course of fractionated radiotherapy. Well differentiated tumors with low LI are suggested to benefit most from irradiation combined with sensitizing agents in the latter part of a treatment schedule. New methods are required to assess the clonogenic G0 cells in the Q cell compartment and to monitor recruitment of these cells into the P cell compartment.
Conceptual Design for the Air Intake System of Smart UAV (2005)

The developing Smart UAV program in KARI (Korea Aerospace Research Institute) targets high speed flight as like a conventional plane, as well as vertical takeoff and landing as like a helicopter. Therefore, the air intake system should be designed to provide a sufficient airflow rate required by the engine under all flight conditions. Additionally, the total pressure recovery at the engine intake must be maximized over a wide range of flight conditions and various environmental conditions. In this paper, we designed the pitot type intake system installed a plenum chamber. We verified the design result and evaluated the performance of designed intake system through the 3-D CFD calculation. The analysis results of the total pressure loss and the velocity distribution through the intake system were illustrated in this paper. Based on the calculated pressure loss, we calculated the maximum available power and verified that the maximum available power satisfied the request power. The swirl and distortion coefficient at a plane coincident with the compressor inlet were investigated in the worst flight condition as well as in the standard flight condition.
Simple formulae for the effective moduli of unidirectional aligned composites (1998)

Abstract Simple closed form expressions for the effective tensile moduli of an unidirectionally aligned two phase composite reinforced by fiber‐like or flake‐like inclusions of aspect ratio α are obtained. The case of α ≫ 1 corresponds to fiber‐like inclusions whereas the case of α ≪ 1 corresponds to flake‐like inclusions. These expressions are based on the exact results obtained by Tandon and Weng, who used the Mori‐Tanaka method to obtain the effective moduli of such composites. These expressions are then compared with various empirically based formulae such as the Halpin‐Tsai equation and the Modified Rule of Mixtures equation. It is found that very large discrepancies result when the modulus ratio E 0 / E 1 is sufficiently small compared with the aspect ratio of the flake‐like inclusions, where E 1 and E 0 are the Young's modulus of the inclusions and the matrix, respectively. Simple criteria for the validity of the rule of mixtures relation are also given. Also, the predictions of the simple closed form expressions are compared to available experimental results and favorable agreements are obtained.
Projet PACLAC. Valorisation de l’énergie thermique des lacs pour le chauffage urbain. (1995)

Le projet “PACLAC” a but de déterminer les possibilités de valoriser le “gisement naturel” que constitue l’énergie thermique des grands LACs suisses pour le chauffage urbain en faisant appel à la technologie des PACs (pompes à chaleur). Le concept proposé doit permettre de substantielles économies d’énergie primaire et des réductions importantes des atteintes à l’environnement par rapport aux systèmes de chauffage traditionnels.
The enhanced voltage-dividing potentiometer for high-precision feature placement metrology (1996)

Enhancements to the voltage-dividing potentiometer, an electrical test structure for measuring the spatial separations of pairs of conducting features, are presented and discussed. These enhancements reduce or eliminate systematic errors which can otherwise lead to uncertainties as large as several hundred nanometers. These systematic errors, attributed by modeling to asymmetries at certain intersections of conducting features in the test structure, are eliminated by modifications to the test structure and test procedures.
HERBAL THERAPY PC-SPES: IN VITRO EFFECTS AND EVALUATION OF ITS EFFICACY IN 69 PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER (2000)

An extract of the phytotherapeutic agent PC-SPES proved to be active in inducing apoptosis of hormone sensitive and insensitive prostate cancer cells in vitro, and in suppressing the growth rate of a hormone insensitive prostate cancer cell line in vivo. The overwhelming majority of patients with prostate cancer treated with the agent experienced a decrease in serum PSA but also demonstrated a side effect profile comparable to estrogen treatment.
Pluripotency and a secretion mechanism of Drosophila transglutaminase (2017)

Transglutaminase (TG) catalyses the formation of an isopeptide bond between glutamine and lysine residues and amine incorporation into specific glutamine residues. TG is conserved in all metazoans and functions both intracellularly and extracellularly. Here we review the existing knowledge of Drosophila TG with an emphasis on its pluripotency: Drosophila TG (i) plays a key role in cuticular morphogenesis, haemolymph coagulation, and entrapment against invading pathogens, (ii) suppresses the immune deficiency pathway to enable immune tolerance against commensal bacteria through the incorporation of polyamines into the nuclear factor-κB-like transcription factor Relish as well as through the protein-protein cross-linking of Relish, (iii) forms a physical matrix in the gut through cross-linking of chitin-binding proteins and (iv) is involved in the maintenance of homeostasis in microbiota in the gut. Moreover, we review the evidence that TG-A, one of alternative splicing-derived isoforms of Drosophila TG, is secreted through an endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi-independent pathway involving exosomes and fatty acylations.
Simultaneous Determination of Cu~(2+), Zn~(2+) and Fe~(2+) by Low Pressure Ion Chromatography in Water (2004)

A simple, rapid and accurate quantitative method for the determination of copper,zinc and iron in water by visual photometric low pressure ion chromatography was described. The analysis was performed with a low pressure cation column. The eluent is 40?mmol/L tartaric acid and 20?mmol/l citric acid (pH?4.30). The detection limits for copper,zinc and iron are 0.05 μg/ml,0.05 μg/ml and 0.05 μg/ml,repectively. The method was used to determine copper、zinc and iron in water samples with satisfactory results. The recoveries for copper、zinc and iron are 99.0%～102.0%,97.0%～104.0% ,98.0%～104.0%,repectively.
cw gas breakdown in argon using 10.6-μm laser radiation (1972)

A very intense gas breakdown spark has been extended to a continuous arc in argon using a focused cw CO2 laser. To achieve cw breakdown, the focal volume of a mirror focusing a high-power CO2 laser was preionized by a single pulse from a CO2 TEA laser. The electron density created by the pulsed laser is sufficient to start the cw plasma. This letter reports accurate measurements of pulsed thresholds as well as preionized cw thresholds for breakdown in argon. Also, a study of the time development of the cw plasma is presented.
Semiconductor layer transfer by anodic wafer bonding (2002)

High quality and low cost single crystalline semiconductor on glass (SOG) wafers are highly desirable, e.g., for flat panel displays and solar cells (Si on glass), sensors (Ge on glass) and GaN growth (SiC on glass). SOG wafers can be realized by hydrogen implanted Si wafer bonding and layer splitting ("Smart Cut") which saves the Si substrate and is an environmentally friendly technique. However, almost no information on the process design has been revealed. In this work we discuss the design guidelines for SOG preparation using anodic bonding and the layer splitting approach.
Controlled transport of superparamagnetic beads with spin-valves (2011)

Trapping, release, and transport of individual, or ensembles of, 2.8 μm superparamagnetic beads (SPB) functionalized with streptavidin were demonstrated with an addressable array of spin-valve (SV) traps integrated into a microfluidic channel. The linear array consists of two staggered lines of 1 μm × 8 μm SVs toggled “on” or “off” with 10 ms and 150 mA or −100 mA current pulses, respectively. The SPB is trapped when the SV is “on” and released or ignored when the SV is “off”. This “switchable permanent magnet” offers a low power alternative to other precision microfluidic transport devices.
A 65 nm CMOS - Stacked Folded Fully Differential (SFFD) PA structure for W-CDMA application (2008)

This paper presents a 65 nm CMOS-power amplifier (PA) designed for mobile communications.The PA is based on a new structure, the stacked folded fully differential (SFFD) which is inspired by a push-pull structure. The PA is designed for the UMTS W-CDMA standard which requires linearity from -20 dBm to 24 dBm output power. The power amplifier provides 31 dBm output power with 26% of power added efficiency (PAE) at 1.95 GHz. The linear gain is 20 dB and the compression point (OCP1) is 25.6 dBm. In order to meet the UMTS W-CDMA requirements, the PA is linear until 24 dBm, which is the maximum output power required by this standard.
Integrated optic devices for coherent transmission (1986)

The components required for coherent optical-fiber systems are discussed and those devices that can be implemented using electrooptic waveguide technology are identified. The current usage of integrated optic components in coherent optical-fiber systems is indicated and the system performance that has been obtained when these components are employed summarized. The design and performance of LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> electrooptic waveguide modulators, optical combiners, frequency translators, and polarization controllers are reviewed and the benefits to be gained by employing optical-integrated circuits in coherent optical-fiber systems considered. Finally, a novel low-voltage LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> optical-integrated circuit for use in coherent detection is presented and the various design compromises discussed.
Asphaltene Chemical Characterization as a Function of Solubility: Effects on Stability and Aggregation (2011)

Rather recently, a new technique called the “asphaltene solubility profile” was developed to analyze the stability of asphaltenes. In this technique, a distribution of the asphaltenes in terms of their respective solubilities is provided, allowing for a more comprehensive view of how the different molecules comprising asphaltenes behave and interact. In the present work, maltenes and asphaltenes are preparatively separated according to the classification established by the asphaltene solubility profile analysis, i.e., “transitional material” or easy-to-dissolve asphaltenes (EDA) and difficult-to-dissolve asphaltenes (DDA). The results obtained for blends of DDA and EDA show that the latter fraction has a peptizing effect on the former. EDA help in the solubilization of DDA, as shown by the asphaltene solubility profile of the blends, and also decreases aggregation, as shown by the size-exclusion chromatography experiments. These findings support the following: (a) the idea that this so-called “transitional fraction or EDA” plays a key role in the stabilization of asphaltenes similar to the fraction known as “resins” in the literature, (b) the use of solubility profile analysis as a valid test to evaluate asphaltene stability, and (c) the model of crude oils as a continuum of molecules in which their properties vary gradually.
From concrete forms to generalized abstractions through perspective-oriented analysis of logical relationships (2002)

We believe concreteness, direct manipulation and responsiveness in a visual programming language increase its usefulness. However, these characteristics present a challenge in generalizing programs for reuse, especially when concrete examples are used as one way of achieving concreteness. In this paper, we present a technique to solve this problem by deriving generality automatically through the analysis of logical relationships among concrete program entities from the perspective of a particular computational goal. Use of this technique allows a fully general form-based program with reusable abstractions to be derived from one that was specified in terms of concrete examples and direct manipulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Systematic comparison of small RNA library preparation protocols for next-generation sequencing (2018)

While it is commonly accepted that biases in sRNA library preparation protocols are mainly due to adapter ligation steps, the ligation-free protocols were not the best performing methods. Our modified versions of the TruSeq and NEXTflex protocols provide an improved tool for the study of 2' OMe RNAs.
Inorganic Nanomaterials in Polymeric Ultrafiltration Membranes for Water Treatment (2014)

Due to the rapid expansion of nanotechnology and the increasing range of nanomaterials under production and development, a significant amount of research interest has been dedicated to the innovative exploitations of various inorganic nanomaterials in environmental applications. The incorporation of inorganic nanomaterials as fillers within a polymeric matrix has expanded opportunities to produce a multifunctional nanocomposite membrane that is capable of performing tasks beyond separation alone. The architectures and performances of these nanocomposite membranes have triumphed over polymeric membranes to overcome the underlying conspicuous drawbacks. This review aims to shed more light on the roles of inorganic nanomaterials in advancing the characteristics and separation performance of polymeric ultrafiltration membranes. Inorganic nanofillers such as metal oxides, metals and carbon-based materials are incorporated into polymeric membranes to render the desired properties for ultrafiltration separations. Novel strategies using a wide range of these inorganic nanomaterials have been well explored and established for the manufacturing of membrane with significantly enhanced properties that are highly desired to heighten the separation performances. With the renaissance of this emerging innovative technology, many possible solutions and valuable options can be offered to serve as the primary driver in excelling ultrafiltration membrane technology.
Insights into the Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Fe-Doped LiCoPO4for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2020)

Developing highly active and stable catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of significant importance for numerous electrochemical energy conversion devices. Previous accomplishments have shown that LiCoPO4 is a promising catalyst for OER activity; however, its activity and stability at high potential still need improvement to meet the requirements of practical applications, and further studies are needed for its catalytic mechanism. Here, we report a series of Fe-doped LiCoPO4 materials that exhibit excellent OER catalytic behaviors at high potential and elucidate their catalytic mechanism. Fe-doping enhances the OER activity through synergistic coupling effects, which is strongly influenced by the divalent Co2+ and Fe2+ cations rather than the trivalent Co3+ and Fe3+ cations. The possible rate-determining step is proposed to be the formation of *OOH derived from *O based on the H/D kinetic isotopic effect experiment.
Control of Laser-Induced Deposition of Gold Nanoparticles on Glass Substrates for Localized Surface Plasmon Sensing (2006)

Nd : YAGレーザーの第2高調波（532 nm，10 mJ/pulse·cm2，10 Hz）の照射によって，シクロヘキサン中に分散している金ナノ粒子をガラス基板表面に固定した．初期分散粒子サイズやレーザー照射時間を変えることで，基板に固定される粒子の平均粒径や粒径分布の制御が可能であることが分かった．平均粒径2 nmの初期粒子を用いて1分間のレーザー光を照射した場合には，粒径は大きくなり（16 nm），分布も広がった．一方，初期粒子が比較的大きく（約20 nm），照射時間が長い（5分）場合には，基板に固定される粒子の粒径分布が狭くなった．この固定化金ナノ粒子は，局在化表面プラズモンバンドのピーク位置が溶媒の屈折率に対して良好な相関を示すことが分かった．
Aromatic polyfluoro-compounds. Part XLVII. The reactions of pentafluorophenyl-lithium with halogeno-olefins (1971)

Pentafluorophenyl-lithium has been treated with a number of halogeno-olefins of the type CXYCFZ (X, Y, Z, being F, Cl, Br or H). When the olefins were CF2CFCl and CF2CCl2 the products isolated were C6F5CFCFCl and C6F5CFCCl2 together with derivatives formed by nucleophilic attack of C6F5Li on the polyfluoroaryl ring. The orientation of this attack was shown by chemical and spectroscopic methods to be in the 4-position. However, if the olefins were CFClCFCl or CF2CHCl, chloropentafluorophenylacetylene was formed. When CF2CFH or CF2CFBr were the olefins C6F5CCC6F5 and its further pentafluorophenyl substituted derivatives e.g. C6F5– C6F4CCC6F5 were isolated. A mechanism has been proposed to explain these results. The effects of solvent and lithium halides on the course of the reactions are also described.
Synthesis, characterization and mechanical properties of biodegradable magnesium alloys (2013)

Metallic materials continue to play an essential role as biomaterials to assist with the repair or replacement of various diseased or damaged parts of an anatomy. Currently approved and commonly used metallic biomaterials, such as stainless steel, titanium, cobalt, chromium and other alloys, are found to have adverse effects leading, in some cases, to mechanical failure and rejection of the implant. The physical or chemical nature of the degradation products of some implants initiates an adverse foreign body reaction in tissue. Some metallic implants remain as permanent fixtures, whereas others such as plates, screws and pins that are used to secure serious fractures are removed by a second surgical procedure after the tissue has healed sufficiently. Repeat surgical procedures increase the cost of health care and the possibility of patient morbidity. The concept of magnesium as a biodegradable implant was first investigated 100 years ago by Payr as an innovative approach to address the aforementioned concerns. In this investigation, three alloys were fabricated by casting technology: Magnesium-Zinc (MgZn), Magnesium-Zinc-Calcium (MgZnCa) and Magnesium-Zinc-Calcium-Gadolinium (MgZnCaGd). The alloys were subjected to metallographic characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM analysis depicted precipitates; some of which occurred along the grain boundaries, whereas XRD depicted the formation of Laves phases. The mechanical properties and surface energy were also determined. Improved mechanical properties were observed with the addition of alloying elements.
Blockchain Consensus Formation while Solving Optimization Problems. (2019)

To address the large amount of energy wasted by blockchains, we propose a decentralized consensus protocol for blockchains in which the computation can be used to search for good approximate solutions to any optimization problem. Our protocol allows the wasted energy to be used for finding approximate solutions to problems submitted by any nodes~(called clients). Our protocol works in a similar way to proof-of-work, and it makes nodes evaluate a large number of solution candidates to add a new block to the chain. A client provides a search program that implements any search algorithm that finds a good solution by evaluating a large number of solution candidates. The node that finds the best approximate solution is rewarded by the client. Our analysis shows that the probability of a fork and the variance in the block time with our protocol are lower than those in proof-of-work.
NCS Report 14: Quality control of sealed beta sources in brachytherapy (2004)

repair of a blood vessel), also known as dottering.