gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Norm-ML - A Modeling Language to Model Norms (2011)

Norms in multi-agent systems are mechanisms used to restrict the behavior of agents by defining what agents are obligated, permitted or prohibited to do and by stating stimulus to their fulfillment while defining rewards and discouraging their violation while pointing out punishments. In this paper we propose a normative modeling language called NormML that makes possible the modeling of the main properties and characteristics of the norms. In addition, we also propose a mechanism to validate the norms at design time, i.e., to check if the norms respect the constraints defined by the language.
The Role of Axial Loading in Malleolar Fractures (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Though rotation is thought to be the most common mechanism of foot and ankle injury in both automobile crashes and in everyday life, axial impact loading is considered responsible for most severe lower extremity injuries. In this study, dynamic axial impact tests were conducted on 92 isolated human lower limbs. The test apparatus delivered the impact via a pendulum-driven plate which intruded longitudinally to simulate the motion of the toepan in an automobile crash. Magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) angular rate sensors fixed to the limbs measured ankle rotations during the impact event. Malleolar or fibula fractures, which are commonly considered to be caused by excessive ankle rotation, were present in 38% (12 out of 32) of the injured specimens. Ankle rotations in these tests were always within 10° of neutral at the time of peak axial load and seldom exceeded failure boundaries reported in the literature at any point during the impact event. These results suggest that high-energy axial loading may be the cause of some of the injuries conventionally thought to be caused by excessive rotations in real-world car crashes.&lt;/div&gt;
Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups on Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes:  NEXAFS and Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies (2001)

Single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) produced by plasma laser vaporization (PLV) and containing oxidized surface functional groups have been studied for the first time with NEXAFS. Comparisons are made to SWNTs made by catalytic synthesis over Fe particles in high-pressure CO, called HiPco material. The results indicate that the acid purification and cutting of single-walled nanotubes with either HNO3/H2SO4 or H2O2/H2SO4 mixtures produces the oxidized groups (O/C = 5.5-6.7%), which exhibit both pi*(CO) and sigma*(CO) C K-edge NEXAFS resonances. This indicates that both carbonyl (C=O) and ether C-O-C functionalities are present. Upon heating in a vacuum to 500-600 K, the pi*(CO) resonances are observed to decrease in intensity; on heating to 1073 K, the sigma*(CO) resonances disappear as the C-O-C functional groups are decomposed. Raman spectral measurements indicate that the basic tubular structure of the SWNTs is not perturbed by heating to 1073 K, based on the invariance of the ring breathing modes upon heating. The NEXAFS studies agree well with infrared studies which show that carboxylic acid groups are thermally destroyed first, followed by the more difficult destruction of ether and quinone groups. Single-walled nanotubes produced by the HiPco process, and not treated with oxidizing acids, exhibit an O/C ratio of 1.9% and do not exhibit either pi*(CO) or sigma*(CO) resonances at the detection limit of NEXAFS. It is shown that heating (to 1073 K) of the PLV-SWNTs containing the functional groups produces C K-edge NEXAFS spectra very similar to those seen for the HiPco material. The NEXAFS spectra are calibrated against spectra measured for a number of fused-ring aromatic hydrocarbon molecules containing various types of oxidized functional groups present on the oxidized SWNTs.
Nucleic acids delivery methods for genome editing in zygotes and embryos: the old, the new, and the old-new (2016)

In the recent years, sequence-specific nucleases such as ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 have revolutionzed the fields of animal genome editing and transgenesis. However, these new techniques require microinjection to deliver nucleic acids into embryos to generate gene-modified animals. Microinjection is a delicate procedure that requires sophisticated equipment and highly trained and experienced technicians. Though over a dozen alternate approaches for nucleic acid delivery into embryos were attempted during the pre-CRISPR era, none of them became routinely used as microinjection. The addition of CRISPR/Cas9 to the genome editing toolbox has propelled the search for novel delivery approaches that can obviate the need for microinjection. Indeed, some groups have recently developed electroporation-based methods that have the potential to radically change animal transgenesis. This review provides an overview of the old and new delivery methods, and discusses various strategies that were attempted during the last three decades. In addition, several of the methods are re-evaluated with respect to their suitability to deliver genome editing components, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, to embryos.
The photophysical and photochemical properties of flavins (isoalloxazines) (1982)

P. F. Heelis, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1982, 11, 15 DOI: 10.1039/CS9821100015
A powerful new light source for ultraviolet detection of scorpions in the field (2003)

We describe a new portable solid-state ultraviolet (UV) light that should greatly improve the ease and effectiveness of fluorescent detection of scorpions in the field. The design is based on an array of InGaN light emitting diodes (LEDs). It is inexpensive, lightweight, simple to implement, energetically efficient and mechanically rugged. Scorpion cuticular fluorescence excited by an LED array is 13-fold brighter than excitation by previously available fluorescent tube lamps drawing the same current from the battery.
An empirical study of constraint logic programming and answer set programming solutions of combinatorial problems (2009)

This paper presents experimental comparisons between the declarative encodings of various computationally hard problems in Answer Set Programming (ASP) and Constraint Logic Programming over Finite Domains (CLP(FD)). The objective is to investigate how solvers in the two domains respond to different problems, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of their implementations, and suggesting criteria for choosing one approach over the other. Ultimately, the work in this paper is expected to lay the foundations for a transfer of technology between the two domains, for example by suggesting ways to use CLP(FD) in the execution of ASP.
Induction of Paradoxic Bradycardia in Rats by Inferior Vena Cava Occlusion During the Administration of Isoproterenol (1997)

Since carotid artery perfusion during inferior vena cava occlusion inhibits paradoxic bradycardia only when the carotid sinus is innervated, we conclude that carotid artery perfusion blocks the reaction by increasing carotid sinus afferents, thereby limiting the increased sympathetic tone during inferior vena cava occlusion, and not as a result of cerebral perfusion. Thus, the paradoxic bradycardia resulting from inferior vena cava occlusion requires activation of sympathetic tone as a result of carotid sinus hypotension.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Propargylamines Using (Mesitylmethyl)Benzylamine (2005)

(Mesitylmethyl)benzylamine proved to be a highly efficient amine component for the copper-catalyzed enantioselective three-component propargylamine synthesis. Exceptionally high enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) were obtained.
La signification des pendentifs cordiformes dans l'art égyptien (1975)

En preparant une etude sur les scarabees de coeur l'attention de l'A. a ete attiree par les representations des pendentifs cordiformes: dans les scenes inspirees par le Livre des Morts| dans les rites funeraires| dans le monde des dieux| dans la famille royale| dans la decoration (?). En definitive, les pendentifs cordiformes sont bien des talismans destines a procurer et a proteger le coeur| c'est pourquoi ils sont figures dans des contextes ou la possession et la pleine disposition de cet organe primordial revetaient une signification essentielle. Les alterations de la signification profonde du pendentif cordiforme au cours du temps.
Morphogenesis of 3D vascular networks is regulated by tensile forces (2016)

Understanding the forces controlling vascular network properties and morphology can enhance in vitro tissue vascularization and graft integration prospects. This work assessed the effect of uniaxial cell-induced and externally applied tensile forces on the morphology of vascular networks formed within fibroblast and endothelial cell-embedded 3D polymeric constructs. Force intensity correlated with network quality, as verified by inhibition of force and of angiogenesis-related regulators. Tensile forces during vessel formation resulted in parallel vessel orientation under static stretching and diagonal orientation under cyclic stretching, supported by angiogenic factors secreted in response to each stretch protocol. Implantation of scaffolds bearing network orientations matching those of host abdominal muscle tissue improved graft integration and the mechanical properties of the implantation site, a critical factor in repair of defects in this area. This study demonstrates the regulatory role of forces in angiogenesis and their capacities in vessel structure manipulation, which can be exploited to improve scaffolds for tissue repair.
MULTI-MODAL MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF PROTEIN ACTIN'S ELECTRO-MECHANOSENSING MECHANISMS TOWARD NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE MODELS ON A CHIP (2018)

We have developed multi-modal Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs) with electrodes and microfluidics, with successful manipulation of actin filaments and bundles onto the devices for electro-mechanosensing studies. The application of our MEAs to the characterization of actin filaments/bundles will allow fundamental understanding of actin cytoskeleton’s mechanical and electrodynamic properties in neurodegenerative disease signatures on a chip.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The AAA ATPase Cdc48/p97 and its partners transport proteins from the ER into the cytosol. (2001)

In eukaryotic cells, incorrectly folded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are exported into the cytosol and degraded by the proteasome. This pathway is co-opted by some viruses. For example, the US11 protein of the human cytomegalovirus targets the major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chain for cytosolic degradation. How proteins are extracted from the ER membrane is unknown. In bacteria and mitochondria, members of the AAA ATPase family are involved in extracting and degrading membrane proteins. Here we demonstrate that another member of this family, Cdc48 in yeast and p97 in mammals, is required for the export of ER proteins into the cytosol. Whereas Cdc48/p97 was previously known to function in a complex with the cofactor p47 (ref. 5) in membrane fusion, we demonstrate that its role in ER protein export requires the interacting partners Ufd1 and Npl4. The AAA ATPase interacts with substrates at the ER membrane and is needed to release them as polyubiquitinated species into the cytosol. We propose that the Cdc48/p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex extracts proteins from the ER membrane for cytosolic degradation. PMID: 11740563
Splanchnic ischaemia and its role in multiple organ failure (1994)

Multiple organ failure remains the leading cause of death in the intensive care unit. Increasing numbers of investigators have focused their attention on the role of gastrointestinal tract in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Their data indicate that inadequate gut perfusion leads to a measurable imbalance between oxygen delivery and the needs of the tissues, i.e., ischaemia. Gut ischaemia of sufficient duration impairs gastrointestinal tract barrier function, facilitating the passage of enteric bacterial endotoxin into the circulation. It has been hypothesized that production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, and other biologic mediators by endotoxin-stimulated macrophages, triggers a generalized and uncontrolled inflammatory response that ultimately leads to multiple organ failure. Preliminary evidence suggests that survival can be improved significantly if gut ischaemia is promptly identified and aggressively treated by administration of fluids and inotropic drugs, using gastric intramucosal pH as the therapeutic endpoint. Future studies are needed to determine whether additional treatment modalities can improve outcome once the inflammatory response has fully developed.
Degradation of various polymeric materials in clean and salt fog conditions: measurements of AC flashover voltage and assessment of surface damages (2015)

This paper is aimed at the assessment of the resistance to tracking of insulators made of several polymers, widely used in electrical industry (medium voltage cable accessories such as terminations and insulators and anchoring clamps and mechanical screw fuses), under polluted environments. This new method performed on one insulator model is based on the electro-geometrical characteristics (AC flashover voltage versus leakage distance). The tested materials cover thermoplastics, (namely polyamide 6 (PA6/50), fireproofed polyamide 66 (PA66/50), polycarbonate (PC/40) and polyarylamide (PARA/50)) thermosetting (namely two cycloaliphatic epoxy resins (EP1 and EP2)) and elastomers (namely two EPDM materials noted EPDM and EPDM V0 (fireproofed)). Polluted environments such as clean (light) and salt (heavy) fogs have been created to assess the resistance of polymers to partial discharges (erosion and tracking). Results regarding the flashover voltage (FOV) show a significant reduction in the presence of clean fog equal to 50% of the value measured in dry conditions for all polymers. This decrease is more pronounced in salt fog (-80% reduction of FOV). Surface degradations suggest that epoxy resins and EPDM elastomers are subjected to fewer damages in salt fog when being compared to thermoplastics. It is established that epoxy resins behave better than EPDM elastomers against discharges. In addition, polycarbonate (PC/40) exhibits the worst properties because of large tracking paths that form on its surface.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Allyl‐C‐mannosyl Compounds: Use of a Temporary Silicon Connection in Intramolecular Allylation Strategies with Allylsilanes. (2004)

Methyl mannoside &lt;b&gt;16&lt;/b&gt; containing an allyldimethylsilyl ether at C(2) was synthesized in nine steps\nfrom d-mannose. Reaction with TMSOTf in MeCN at room-temperature effected &lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;-glycosylation\nto provide the α-allyl-&lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;-mannosyl product &lt;b&gt;18&lt;/b&gt; with excellent stereoselectivity. Crossover experiments\nover a range of reaction concentrations proved that reaction was proceeding via an intermolecular\npathway rather than the hoped-for intramolecular delivery route. The exceptionally high stereoselectivity of this allylation in the presence of an acid-scavenger, 2,6-DTBMP, can be attributed to\nthe allylsilyl ether &lt;b&gt;16&lt;/b&gt; behaving as the allylating agent. Geometrical constraints in the seven-membered ring transition state account for the lack of intramolecular allyl transfer. Attaching a\nmodified allylsilane &lt;b&gt;29a&lt;/b&gt;−&lt;b&gt;c&lt;/b&gt; to C(2)OH of methyl mannoside &lt;b&gt;15&lt;/b&gt; improved matters. Reaction of the\ntethered mannosides &lt;b&gt;27a&lt;/b&gt;−&lt;b&gt;c&lt;/b&gt; with TMSOTf in the presence of 2,6-DTBMP in MeCN at rt provided\na range of products, which depended on the size of the alkyl substituents at the silyl ether tether.\nDiene products were the major compounds irrespective of the size of the alkyl substituents at the\nsilyl ether tether. Their formation can be understood by intramolecular allylation of the allylsilane\non to the activated anomeric center, followed by collapse of the intermediate carbocation by\npreferential attack of an external nucleophile at the silyl ether tether, rather than at the allylic\nsilicon center. A cascade of further reactions rationalizes the formation of the 2-dienyl-substituted\ntetrahydrofuran &lt;b&gt;30&lt;/b&gt; and dienes &lt;b&gt;39&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;40&lt;/b&gt;. The desired β-allyl-&lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;-mannosyl products &lt;b&gt;42&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;43&lt;/b&gt; were\nobtained, albeit in low yield, when bulky ethyl and isopropyl groups were employed at the silyl\nether tether. Stereospecific oxidative cleavage of the silyl tether in &lt;b&gt;42&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;43&lt;/b&gt; provided the\ncorresponding stereodefined diols &lt;b&gt;44&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;45&lt;/b&gt;, respectively. Attempts to improve the yield and\ndiastereoselectivity of the desired β-allyl-&lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;-mannosyls by moving to a sulfoxide mannosyl donor,\nwhich could be activated at low temperature, proved unsuccessful.
Review on factors of surface cracks in slab and their behavior during rolling (2010)

Effects of the chemical components of slab(C,Mn,S,P,Ca,Cu,Al,Nb,V,Ti),the equipment and technologies of mold flux,tundish,mold and secondary cooling,etc.,on the occurrence of surface cracks in slab were reviewed.The evolution behavior of cracks during rolling was analyzed,which might be erased under some conditions through rolling processes.It is significant for understanding the influence factors on the surface cracks,and guiding the production for reducing the defects in products.
[Acute spinal cord compression]. (2013)

Paralysis of the lower limbs or both the upper and lower limbs, even partial, is a frightening symptom that will quickly bring the patient to emergency call service. The symptom is a sign of functional disturbance of the spinal cord, possibly resulting from a quickly developed process narrowing the spinal canal. A correct and non-delayed diagnosis and urgent release of the spinal cord from the compressed state are the cornerstones of successful treatment.
Red Cell Transfusion–Associated Hemolysis in Cardiac Surgery: An Observational Cohort Study (2017)

The findings support the hypothesis that transfusion-related adverse events may be in part caused by the excessive hemolysis of transfused red cells, which can lead to acute iron overload and related toxicity. This suggests that strategies aimed at avoiding or mitigating transfusion-related acute iron overload may improve the safety of red cell transfusions.
Tryptophan in Alcoholism Treatment II: Inhibition of the Rat Liver Mitochondrial Low Km Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity, Elevation of Blood Acetaldehyde Concentration and Induction of Aversion to Alcohol by Combined Administration of Tryptophan and Benserazide (2011)

The present results establish a prior art for the use of a combination of Trp plus BSZ in the treatment of alcoholism by aversion, which merits rapid clinical development.
Population Attributable Fractions of Psychiatric Disorders and Suicide Ideation and Attempts Associated With Adverse Childhood Experiences (2008)

The estimated proportions of poor mental health outcomes attributed to childhood adversity were medium to large for men and women. Prevention efforts that reduce exposure to adverse childhood events could substantially reduce the prevalence of psychopathology and suicidal behavior in the general population.
TH-A-WAB-03: Radiation Dose Changes Pulmonary Function Measured by 4D-CT Ventilation Imaging (2013)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify mid-and post-treatment changes in 4D-CT ventilation and test the hypothesis: temporal changes of 4D-CT ventilation in lung regions receiving high doses are greater than those in regions receiving low or no doses. Methods: In an IRB-approved clinical trial, repeat 4D-CT scans were acquired for eight thoracic cancer patients treated with conventionally-fractionated or hypo-fractionated radiotherapy at the following time points: pre-treatment (8 patients), mid-treatment (6) and post-treatment (7). Ventilation images were created for each time point using deformable registration for spatial mapping of the peak-exhale 4D-CT image to the peak-inhale image and computation of Jacobian-based ventilation metric. To quantify the ventilation change between pre-treatment (baseline) and mid-or post-treatment, rigid registration was performed and the ventilation values were normalized by the mean value in high-functional (>50th percentile ventilation value) lung regions receiving low doses (biologically effective dose <30 Gy). Statistical significance was tested using a Wilcoxon test. Results: Absolute ventilation changes in the high dose ROI were found to be greater than those in the low dose ROI consistently for all patients at all time points, except for one case. Overall, the mean absolute ventilation change in the high dose ROI was 22.6±17.7%, which was significantly greater than that in the low dose ROI (5.0±3.7%) (p<0.01). Several patients showed clear correlations between 4D-CT ventilation changes and anatomic changes observed in CT images. For example, patient 3 demonstrated increased ventilation, which was correlated with central airway re-opening and tumor regression. Conclusion: An 8-patient study demonstrated significantly greater changes of 4D-CT ventilation in lung regions receiving high doses than those in regions receiving low or no doses, providing a validation for 4D-CT ventilation imaging. Future studies will focus on detailed analysis of correlations between 4D-CT ventilation changes and anatomic changes. National Lung Cancer Partnership Young Investigator Research Grant; NIH/NCI2 R01 CA 093626
Thin Layer Electrochemical Studies Using Controlled Potential or Controlled Current. (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThin Layer Electrochemical Studies Using Controlled Potential or Controlled Current.D. M. Oglesby, S. H. Omang, and C. N. ReilleyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 11, 1312–1316Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60230a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60230a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views363Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of Clinical Results of Three Different Routes of Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Discectomy for Lumbar Herniated Disk (2017)

All 3 routes of PETLD resulted in good to excellent clinical results. Nevertheless, the postoperative VAS score was higher for the foraminal route than for the intervertebral and suprapedicular routes, probably not because of the surgery but because of the neurologic characteristics of the disk location. The surgeon should consider this problem to alleviate pain postoperatively and counsel to patient well before surgery.