gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
de Haas-van Alphen measurements of the scattering of conduction electrons from hydrogen in copper (1977)

de Haas-van Alphen Dingle temperatures for the scattering of conduction electrons from hydrogen in copper have been measured for the first time in a metal-hydrogen system. Special care was attributed to the sample preparation to ensure a random distribution of the hydrogen in the copper lattice. The strongest scattering rates are observed at the necks of the Fermi surface and the weakest in the belly regions 100&gt; being smaller here by a factor of 3.3. The observed anisotropy of the scattering gives strong indication that the hydrogen occupies octahedral interstices in the fcc copper lattice. The data have been analyzed in terms of Friedel phase shifts according to a theory by Holzwarth and Lee. The $s$ phase shift is the dominant one, the $p$ phase shift is about an order of magnitude smaller and the $d$ phase shifts are negligible. This is a consequence of the short range of the hydrogen potential located at an octahedral interstice. Backscattering is found to give an essential contribution to the Friedel phase shifts. A recent average-$t$-matrix approximation (ATA) calculation for CuH by Huisman and Weiss predicts scattering rates in excellent agreement with the experiment. The descriptions of the electron scattering by ATA and by phase-shift analysis are compared for CuH. A model calculation is proposed which allows to find out how far backscattering is included in the ATA calculations.
Development and validation of molecular markers linked to anAegilops umbellulata–derived leaf-rust-resistance gene,Lr9, for marker-assisted selection in bread wheat (2005)

An Aegilops umbellulata–derived leaf-rust-resistance gene, Lr9, was tagged with 3 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, which mapped within 1.8 cM of gene Lr9 located on chromosome 6BL of wheat. The markers were identified in an F 2 population segregating for leaf-rust resistance, which was generated from a cross between 2 near-isogenic lines that differed in the alien gene Lr9 in a widely adopted agronomic background of cultivar 'HD 2329'. Disease phenotyping was done in controlled environmental conditions by inoculating the population with the most virulent pathotype, 121 R63-1 of Puccinia triticina. One RAPD marker, S5 550 , located at a distance of 0.8 ± 0.008 cM from the Lr9 locus, was converted to sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker SCS5 550 . The SCAR marker was validated for its specificity to gene Lr9 against 44 of the 50 known Lr genes and 10 wheat cultivars possessing the gene Lr9. Marker SCS5 550 was used with another SCAR marker, SCS73 719 , previously identified as being linked to gene Lr24 on a segregating F 2 population to select for genes Lr9 and Lr24, respectively, demonstrating the utility of the 2 markers in marker-assisted gene pyramiding for leaf-rust resistance in wheat.Key words: wheat, leaf rust resistance, Lr9, Lr24, RAPD, SCAR.
Experimental analysis of the mechanism of high-order polygonal wear of wheels of a high-speed train (2017)

This paper presents a detailed investigation, via field experiment, into the mechanism of high-order polygonal wear of wheels of a new type of high-speed train. The investigation was carried out during the performance acceptance test of the train and its initial commercial operation. The investigation covered the performance acceptance test of 150 000 km and the commercial operation of about 150 000 km. In the performance acceptance test of the first stage of about 70 000 km, at 200–250 km/h with full loading and sometimes overloading by 30%, the serious polygonal wear of 23-order took place on all the wheels of the train, and was measured and analyzed in detail. All the polygonized wheels were re-profiled because the polygonal wear had caused strong vibration and damage to the train parts. After re-profiling, the vibration of the train and track and the wear status of the wheels were measured and analyzed at different test mileages according to the polygonal wear situation of the wheels. The measured vibration of the train includes the accelerations at different positions of a motor car and a trail car. The vibration modes of the key parts of the bogies of the two cars were calculated. Meanwhile, the track resonant frequencies were investigated at the site. The purpose of the above tests and analysis is try to find the frequency of work mode matching the passing frequency of the high-order wheel polygon. The present investigation shows that one of the working models causes the formation and development of the high-order wheel polygonal wear. The growth of this wear was effectively reduced through the frequent changing of the running speed of the train operating on the way back and forth every day.
Gender Disparity in the Authorship of Biomedical Research Publications During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Observational Study (2021)

Our findings document a decrease in the number of publications by female authors in the biomedical field during the global pandemic. This effect was particularly pronounced for papers related to COVID-19, indicating that women are producing fewer publications related to COVID-19 research. This sudden increase in the gender gap was persistent across the 10 countries with the highest number of researchers. These results should be used to inform the scientific community of this worrying trend in COVID-19 research and the disproportionate effect that the pandemic has had on female academics.
Procalcitonin as a Predictor of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children With a First Febrile Urinary Tract Infection (2005)

High procalcitonin is a strong and independent predictor of vesicoureteral reflux and could be used to identify low-risk patients to avoid unnecessary voiding cystourethrography.
Efficient CELP-based diversity schemes for VoIP (2002)

Diversity schemes include information about packet n in future packets or send information about packet n via separate paths. If packet n is lost, it is reconstructed from information included in future packets or information received via separate paths. This paper presents CELP-based diversity schemes for voice over packet applications. The diversity schemes reduce the impact of packet losses while being efficient in terms of both bandwidth requirement and computational complexity. With our diversity schemes, transmission schemes that allocate bandwidth resources among diversity stages during congestion give significantly better performance than schemes that use no diversity during congestion, for the same bandwidth usage.
PO-186 In vitro and clinical studies of the role of MHC class II invariant chain (CD74) in breast cancer (2018)

Introduction The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II invariant chain (CD74) is a protein which functions as a chaperone for MHC class II in antigen-presenting cells. Furthermore, it acts as a receptor for the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), mediating downstream signalling. Many clinical studies have determined that CD74 is overexpressed at the protein level in a subset of human breast tumours. However, there are discrepant findings regarding its correlation to clinical parameters. In some reports, CD74 has been correlated to triple-negative (TN) status and increased presence of metastases, but in separate studies it correlated with better overall survival. In vitro studies of CD74’s molecular functions in cancer cells have generally supported that it has a cancer-promoting effect through stimulating proliferation, survival and invasion. Material and methods Human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and M4A4 were transfected with siRNA targeting CD74 or a negative control. Cells were then subjected to in vitro analysis of proliferation or invasion through matrigel. Lysates of transfected cells were analysed by immunoblot for protein levels of cell survival and autophagy markers. A tumour microarray (TMA) containing 651 human breast tumour cores was stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD74 protein expression. Staining intensity was manually scored for each sample in a blinded fashion. Statistical analysis was performed in R. Results and discussions siRNA knockdown of CD74 in MDA-MB-231 and M4A4 resulted in reduced proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, survival signalling through Akt was decreased. These findings replicate previously published in vitro studies of CD74’s functions in cancer cells. Furthermore, a novel finding was that CD74 knockdown resulted in reduced levels of markers of autophagy. The correlations between CD74 IHC staining of TMA samples and TN status, lymph node status and overall survival were examined. In contrast to previous studies we observed no correlation between expression of CD74 and TN status or cancer spread to the lymph nodes. Instead, survival analysis revealed increased overall survival for cancers with moderate or high CD74 intensity. Conclusion Our results from cell lines support that CD74, when studied in vitro, has functions that stimulate cancer cells to proliferate and invade. However, results from clinical samples show a correlation of CD74 expression with increased survival.
Characterization of the folate-dependent mitochondrial oxidation of carbon 3 of serine (1993)

The folate-dependent catabolism of serine was studied in intact rat liver mitochondria and soluble extracts from sonicated mitochondria. Formate and CO2 are both known to be products of the mitochondrial oxidation of carbon 3 of serine. The present work tests the proposal [Barlowe, C. K., & Appling, D. R. (1988) Biofactors 1, 171-176] that carbon 3 of serine is first oxidized to 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, which can be either oxidized to CO2 or converted to formate. Oxidation of carbon 3 of serine to formate and CO2 was shown to be dependent on the respiratory state of the mitochondria. Formate production was greatest in state-3 (actively respiring) mitochondria and lowest in uncoupled mitochondria. In contrast, CO2 production was greatest in uncoupled mitochondria and lowest in respiratory-inhibited mitochondria. Formate production appeared to be favored when high concentrations of NADP+ and ADP were present, but there was no clear correlation between the NADP+:NADPH redox state and CO2 production. In soluble mitochondrial extracts, CO2 production depended on NADP+ and tetrahydrofolate, whereas formate production required ADP in addition to NADP+ and the reduced folate cofactor. Unlike CO2 production, however, formate production showed a complete dependence on a polyglutamylated form of the folate cofactor. These experiments support the proposed folate-mediated serine oxidation as a major pathway for the flux of one-carbon units through mitochondria.
Hydrogen Peroxide Affects Growth of S. aureus Through Downregulation of Genes Involved in Pyrimidine Biosynthesis (2021)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the cellular defense against <i>S. aureus</i>, as evidenced by the importance of this pathogen in patients lacking the ROS-generating phagocyte NADPH oxidase NOX2. ROS concentrations required to kill <i>S. aureus in vitro</i> are much higher than those found in the phagosome. We therefore hypothesized that sublethal ROS concentrations may play a role in <i>S. aureus</i> gene dysregulation and investigated the <i>in vitro</i> transcriptomic response of <i>S. aureus</i> to sublethal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). A striking observation of these experiments was a coordinated and massive downregulation of genes involved in pyrimidine metabolism. Using transposon insertion mutants, we demonstrated that deletion of <i>carA</i>, a gene involved in pyrimidine synthesis, led to a significant growth defect and to an increased sensitivity of <i>S. aureus</i> to added H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The phenotype of the <i>carA</i> mutant could be reversed through supplementation with the pyrimidine precursor uracil, or with a multicopy vector encoding <i>carA</i>. As opposed to the impact of ROS on extracellular survival, <i>carA</i> deletion did not affect the intracellular survival in neutrophils. Our results raise the possibility that ROS-dependent downregulation of pyrimidine metabolism might be a survival strategy of <i>S. aureus</i>, allowing colonization through intracellular survival, while decreasing the risk of killing the host through dampened extracellular growth.
Relationship of a variant in the NTRK1 gene to white matter microstructure in young adults (2012)

The NTRK1 gene (also known as TRKA) encodes a high-affinity receptor for NGF, a neurotrophin involved in nervous system development and myelination. NTRK1 has been implicated in neurological function via links between the T allele at rs6336 (NTRK1-T) and schizophrenia risk. A variant in the neurotrophin gene, BDNF, was previously associated with white matter integrity in young adults, highlighting the importantce of neurotrophins to white matter development. We hypothesized that NTRK1-T would relate to lower fractional anisotropy in healthy adults. We scanned 391 healthy adult human twins and their siblings (mean age: 23.6 ± 2.2 years; 31 NTRK1-T carriers, 360 non-carriers) using 105-gradient diffusion tensor imaging at 4 tesla. We evaluated in brain white matter how NTRK1-T and NTRK1 rs4661063 allele A (rs4661063-A, which is in moderate linkage disequilibrium with rs6336) related to voxelwise fractional anisotropy-acommondiffusion tensor imaging measure of white matter microstructure. We used mixed-model regression to control for family relatedness, age, and sex. The sample was split in half to test reproducibility of results. The false discovery rate method corrected for voxelwise multiple comparisons. NTRK1-T and rs4661063-A correlated with lower white matter fractional anisotropy, independent of age and sex (multiple-comparisons corrected: false discovery rate critical p=0.038 forNTRK1-Tand0.013 for rs4661063-A). In each half-sample, theNTRK1-T effectwasreplicated in the cingulum, corpus callosum, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, superior corona radiata, and uncinate fasciculus. Our results suggest that NTRK1-T is important for developing white matter microstructure.
Atomic-Resolution Mapping of Localized Phonon Modes at Grain Boundaries (2023)

Phonon scattering at grain boundaries (GBs) is significant in controlling the nanoscale device thermal conductivity. However, GBs could also act as waveguides for selected modes. To measure localized GB phonon modes, milli-electron volt (meV) energy resolution is needed with subnanometer spatial resolution. Using monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) we have mapped the 60 meV optic mode across GBs in silicon at atomic resolution and compared it to calculated phonon densities of states (DOS). The intensity is strongly reduced at GBs characterized by the presence of 5- and 7-fold rings where bond angles differ from the bulk. The excellent agreement between theory and experiment strongly supports the existence of localized phonon modes and thus of GBs acting as waveguides.
Force-based registration method using attribute values (1996)

In this paper, a force-based method for registration of a pattern with consideration of attributes (color, grey level, curvature) is described. In the method, a pattern is represented as a group of points which are sampled from the pattern. When we consider registration of a two dimensional pattern with color (red, green, blue) information, model pattern (the pattern at initial state) and aimed pattern (the pattern after some movement) are input in the same form: respectively, P/sub i/(x/sub i/,y/sub i/,r/sub i/,g/sub i/,b/sub i/;i=1/spl sim/n) and P'/sub j/(x'/sub j/,y'/sub j/,r'/sub j/,g'/sub j/,b'/sub j/;j=1/spl sim/m). The model pattern is registered to the aimed pattern by simulating the movement of the model pattern caused by attractive forces applied to each point of P/sub i/ from all points of P'/sub j/. The magnitude of the force is defined using five dimensional space (x, y, r, g, b) so that stronger forces are exerted between "closer" points while considering similarity of their attribute values. In this paper the algorithm of the method is represented and its performance characteristics are examined. Experiments on registration of pieces of a jigsaw puzzle show that this simple method is robust and useful.
Dasatinib in solid tumors (2010)

In reviewing the clinical safety data of dasatinib in its current use as a Src inhibitor in a wide variety of solid malignancies, dasatinib appears to be safe and is a promising agent for the treatment of metastatic solid tumors refractory to standard therapies.
Early recurrence of benign meningioma correlates with expression of mini-chromosome maintenance-2 protein (2002)

We have investigated the potential utility of monoclonal antibodies against mini-chromosome maintenance-2 protein (Mcm2) in predicting meningioma recurrence. MCM proteins are members of the DNA-binding prereplicative complex and are essential for eukaryotic DNA replication. They are present throughout the cell cycle, but are down-regulated in quiescence and cell differentiation, making them specific markers of proliferating cells. We analysed 10 benign meningiomas that subsequently recurred within a 5-year period, together with 20 matched non-recurrent benign meningiomas. There was no significant correlation between histological subtype, mitotic count or Ki-67 labelling index and tumour recurrence. We observed that whilst the average Mcm2 labelling index (LI) of the tumour section as a whole (LI(Ave)) is not significantly different between recurrent and nonrecurrent meningiomas, the Mcm2 labelling index in the area of highest proliferative activity within the tumour section (LI(Max)) is significantly higher in recurrent meningiomas (p < 0.0001). Seven out of the 10 recurrent meningiomas displayed a Mcm2 LI((Max) greater than 30%, compared to 0 out of 20 for non-recurrent tumours. In conclusion, these results suggest that analysis of Mcm2 expression may facilitate identification of patients with a high risk of meningioma recurrence, for whom adjuvant radiotherapy may be of benefit.
Milk enzymes—their distribution and activity (1970)

Summary The distribution and activity of alkaline phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.1), acid phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.2), catalase (E.C. 1.11.1.6), xanthine oxidase (E.C. 1.2.3.2), aldolase (E.C. 4.1.2.7 and 4.1.2.13), ribonuclease (E.C. 2.7.7.16) and carbonic anhydrase (E.C. 4.2.1.1) were studied in the major components of bovine milk. Fractionation was accomplished by centrifugation of milk, skim-milk and buttermilk, and ammonium sulphate precipitation of skim-milk serum. The range of activities found for the enzymes studied are tabulated together with the activities of some of the enzymes in mastitic milk, and the significance of the results obtained is discussed. No carbonic anhydrase activity was detected in any of the samples tested. The other enzymes studied were found to have a greater proportion of their total activity located in the skim-milk fraction. However, all of these enzymes except ribonuclease had a higher specific activity in the fat fraction.
The kinetics of low-temperature oxidation of cobalt nanoparticles on a carbon carrier (2006)

Size effects were found to influence the low-temperature oxidation of Co nanoparticles. These effects were likely caused by the predominant formation of oxide phase nuclei on edge and vertex Co nanocrystal atoms. The initial rate of oxidation was proportional to the degree of nanoparticle surface coverage with atomic oxygen. The magnetic method was used to determine the size of Co nanoparticles. The results were close to those obtained by transmission electron microscopy.
Generic iterative reconstruction of multi-pinhole SPECT (2008)

Single photon emission computerized tomographic (SPECT) images often suffer from low resolution and low count density. To improve spatial resolution of SPECT it is possible to use a pinhole collimator; however, this further reduces the system sensitivity. A potential solution to this problem is to use coded apertures, which offers increased sensitivity by using multiple pinholes, at the cost of increased image reconstruction time. A generic reconstruction algorithm has been developed which allows for arbitrary acquisition geometry via affine transforms (translation and rotation). The reconstruction process uses a (Siddon) ray projector, the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm and a 1 to n pinhole position matrix. Iteration times scale as a function of the number of pinholes in the collimator. Resolution recovery has also been incorporated into the reconstruction algorithm. The algorithm developed allows for the investigation of optimal imaging settings for small animal imaging. Simulated acquisitions of an ex-vivo rat heart with 1, 5 and 8 pinholes, over 360 degree acquisition, showing that multi-pinhole imaging can be successfully applied to rat cardiac imaging. Further refinement of the acquisition parameters, such as image overlap, collimator pinhole configuration and geometrical imaging configuration, will predict the theoretical settings for quantitative cardiac multi-pinhole SPECT imaging.
A High Speed Time-Stamping and Histogramming Data Acquisition System for Position Encoded Data (2006)

A high-speed, time-stamping and histogramming data acquisition system for position encoded data has been developed for the new OPAL neutron scattering facility being built by the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization's Bragg Institute. The system described here provides the ability to capture, timestamp, and histogram position encoded neutron data. It provides this capability using the combination of a custom PCI card and a general purpose computer. Using this combination of minimal hardware with a general purpose computer it provides a flexible yet fast architecture that can handle data rates in excess of 2 million events per second. The PCI card integrates the data capture, frame generation, veto logic, and time-stamping features and then forwards the information to the computer via the PCI bus for histogramming. The histogramming is then performed on a general purpose computer where DRAM memory can easily be expanded to 16 Gigabytes and beyond. Since it is performed in software it can be easily customized to carry out many different types measurements including kinetic, time of flight, and stroboscopic. Multiple cards can be implemented in a single PC to provide a synchronized scalable system.
LHCD during current ramp experiments on Alcator C-Mod (2017)

The lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system on Alcator C-Mod is capable of sustaining fully non-inductive discharges for multiple current relaxation times (τcr ∼ 200 ms) at line averaged densities in the range of 5x1019 m-3. Some of these non-inductive discharges develop unstable MHD modes that can greatly reduce current drive performance, particularly in discharges with plasma current of 0.5 MA or less [1,2]. Avoiding these unstable MHD modes motivated an experiment to test if the stable current profile shape of a higher current non-inductive discharge could be achieved in a lower current discharge. Starting from a discharge at 0.8 MA, the plasma current was ramped down to 0.5 MA over 200 ms. The surface voltage of the plasma swings negative during the ramp, with the loop voltage reversal impacting the edge fast electron measurements immediately. Little change can be seen during the Ip ramp in the core fast electron measurements, indicating that the loop voltage reversal does not penetrate fully to the magnetic axis on the timescale of the current ramp. The resulting discharge did not exhibit deleterious MHD instabilities, however the existence of this one discharge does not necessarily represent a robust solution to the problem.