gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synchronous reluctance machine with multiphase stator cage winding (2017)

Following publication considers synchronous reluctance machine with increased number of phases. The main goal of this research is to investigate the alternative solutions to the existing and well-known 3-phase electrical machines. In particular, a 5-phase reluctance machine with concentrated stator winding is briefly mentioned and a 42-phase electrical motor equipped with stator solid bars is shown. Electrical machine with stator cage and solid conductors (cage bars) seems to be a valuable alternative to the motors with conventional stator windings (coils) and stranded conductors. The combination of a multiphase cage winding in the stator and a reluctance rotor for synchronous operation was not considered before and is observed in this work. Based on the finite element analysis, the main performance characteristics such as the saliency ratio, the torque ripple, the power losses, the efficiency and the power factor, as well as the power-speed characteristics have been examined.
Generic Skills of The Undergraduates: A Case Study of Faculty of Built Environment in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (2018)

Higher Learning Institution in Malaysia has emphasised on the acquisition of generic skills of graduates’ prior employment. The growing number of unemployed graduates is partly due to their poor generic skills. Thus, the purpose of this research is to identify the level of generic skills among undergraduates of Faculty of Built Environment in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. Questionnaires were distributed to undergraduates from 4 programmes which are Quantity Surveying; Landscape Architecture; Urban and Regional Planning and Construction. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that students’ level of generic skills are relatively high among the four programmes with an exception to Quantity Surveying undergraduates whom scored moderately. It is recommended that future research should focus on investigating generic skills of undergraduates from different faculties in UTM as to provide a comprehensive generalisation of UTM’s undergraduates’performances.
WE‐E‐108‐07: Design of Open‐Source Binary Micro MLC for Small Animal Radiotherapy: An OSMD Initiative (2013)

Purpose: While stationary collimators are commonly used in micro‐radiation therapy (RT), binary micro‐multileaf collimator (bmMLC) offers superior target conformity and beam modulation. As a part of an Open‐Source Medical Devices (OSMD) initiative, the purpose of this study was to design an open‐source bmMLC for micro‐RT to be integrated into combined micro‐PET/CT/RT system. Methods: The collimator motion is powered by a Dagu micro‐servo motor. The motor rotation pulls and rotates the custom‐designed, 0.5 mm thick brass collimator‐plate into open‐position. A tension spring attached to the collimator‐plate pushes the plate back to its default closed‐position when the motor rotates back. The collimator‐plates are interleaved so that consecutive plates move in opposite directions. Dosimetric tests were performed on the bmMLC using a 250 kVp X‐ray beam with reference to the AAPM Report No. 72. The bmMLC was set up right in front of a Gafchromic EBT2 film for measurement. The film was placed 100 cm from X‐ray source where the field size was 10 × 10 cm 2 . Primary collimators were not used in this set up. Results: The bmMLC prototype has been tested using ten interleaved collimator‐plates which create a maximum field size of 1.5 × 2cm 2 at isocenter (with magnification=2). The leaf opened and closed in 0.5 seconds which is adequate for the expected low dose rate from the X‐ray source. The 80% − 20% penumbra of the bmMLC in direction of leaf movement (horizontal) was 2.6 ± 0.2 mm. The vertical penumbra was 0.4 ± 0.1 mm. The X‐ray transmission by bmMLC was measured to be &lt; 0.1%. The between‐leaf leakage was measured to be 6.5 ± 1%, which can be minimized by further optimizing the design and measurement set up. Conclusion: An inexpensive, open‐source, bmMLC prototype has been designed for a micro‐RT system with potential for IMRT application. Funding Support: Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
Modern Imaging in Planning a Personalized Hip Replacement and Evaluating the Spino-pelvic Relationship in Prosthetic Instability (2020)

Successful total hip arthroplasty (THA) greatly depends on appropriate implant choice and accurate femoral and acetabular component positioning. Preoperative radiographic templating is crucial, and accurate intraoperative execution of the templated plan is important to maximize implant stability and bearing performance. Traditionally, plain radiographs have been used for preoperative planning, as well as postoperative follow-up and assessment of component position, with historically defined “safe zones” for component position. However, as our understanding of optimal implant positioning in the setting of spino-pelvic dynamics has expanded, more advanced methods of radiographic assessment of implant positioning have gained popularity. Given the variations in anatomy and functional kinematics of a patient’s hip joint, the optimal THA component alignment and positioning may differ on a case by case basis, and therefore, advanced methods of assessing optimal patient-specific implant positioning are of prime importance.
Ultra-broadband high-performance polarizing beam splitter on silicon (2017)

A high-performance silicon-based polarizing beam splitter (PBS) is proposed and demonstrated experimentally by using an improved structure with cascaded bent directional couplers. The measured extinction ratio (ER) is >35dB and the excess losses (EL) is <0.35dB around the central wavelength for both polarizations. The present PBS has a compact footprint of ~6.9 × 20μm<sup>2</sup>. The measured bandwidths for an ER of >20dB, >25dB and >30dB are ~135nm, ~95nm and ~70nm, respectively, while the measured EL is <1dB and <0.5dB in a bandwidth of ~140nm and ~85nm, respectively. The fabrication tolerance of the core-width variation is as large as ± 40nm, which makes the fabrication very easy.
Cyclic Codes for Error Detection (1961)

Cyclic codes are defined and described from a new viewpoint involving polynomials. The basic properties of Hamming and Fire codes are derived. The potentialities of these codes for error detection and the equipment required for implementing error detection systems using cyclic codes are described in detail.
The Briefest of Glances (2009)

What information is available from a brief glance at a novel scene? Although previous efforts to answer this question have focused on scene categorization or object detection, real-world scenes contain a wealth of information whose perceptual availability has yet to be explored. We compared image exposure thresholds in several tasks involving basic-level categorization or global- property classification. All thresholds were remarkably short: Observers achieved 75%-correct performance with presentations ranging from 19 to 67 ms, reaching maximum performance at about 100 ms. Global-property categorization was performed with significantly less presentation time than basic-level categorization, which suggests that there exists a time during early visual processing when a scene may be classified as, for example, a large space or navigable, but not yet as a mountain or lake. Comparing the relative availability of visual information reveals bottlenecks in the accumulation of meaning. Understanding these bottlenecks provides critical insight into the computations underlying rapid visual understanding.
Study on the metabolic mechanism of chiral inversion ofS‐Mandelic acidin vitro (2011)

Mandelic acid (MA) is generally used as a biological indicator of occupational exposure to styrene, which is classified as a class of hazardous environmental pollutants. It was found to undergo one-directional chiral inversion (S-MA to R-MA) in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo. This study was aimed to explore the metabolic mechanism of chiral inversion of S-MA in vitro. S-MA was converted to R-MA in rat hepatocytes, whereas MA enantiomers remained unchanged in acidic and neutral phosphate buffers, HepG2 cells, and intestinal flora. In addition, the synthesized S-MA-CoA thioester was rapidly racemized and hydrolyzed to R-MA by rat liver homogenate and S9, cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions. The data suggest that chiral inversion of S-MA may involve the hydrolysis of S-MA-CoA, and its metabolic mechanism could be the same as that of 2-arylpropionic acid (2-APA) drugs.
Force measurement in colloidal glasses using optical tweezers (2005)

Colloidal systems form the basis of many complex areas of academic and industrial research efforts. As well as contributing to the understanding of many industrially-produced substances such as paints and glues, they have also proved an excellent model thermodynamic system. Changing the properties of an ensemble of colloidal particles, chemically or otherwise, and observing the evolution of the many-body system gives insight into thermodynamic phenomena such as condensation and crystallisation. Some colloidal systems with a particle density that would place them around the dense end of the liquid-crystal coexistence region show a transition into an amorphous glassy state. Long range particle movement is prevented, while local diffusion is still allowed. Such systems are ideal candidates for exploration with optical force measurements, which allow the relatively non-intrusive manipulation of particles deep within colloidal suspensions. Careful use of refractive index matching has allowed an invisible colloidal suspension to be examined with probe particles of a similar size, but higher refractive index. The environment of particles in colloidal cages has been measured by studying the forces acting on a localised particle, as well as the forces needed to break one or more cages.
Coronary artery calcium score as a gatekeeper for further testing in patients with low pretest probability of obstructive coronary artery disease: A cost-effectiveness analysis (2023)

CACS as a gatekeeper for further testing is cost-effective between a threshold of €1366 and €2172 per additional correct diagnosis. CCTA yields the most correct diagnoses and is cost-effective above a threshold of €2172.
Ultraviolet B radiation exerts enhancing effects on the production of a complement component, C3, by interferon-γ-stimulated cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, in contrast to photochemotherapy and ultraviolet A radiation that show suppressive effects (2000)

The present study was designed to investigate by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction methods whether photochemotherapy (PUVA) or ultraviolet (UV) B treatment affects C3 production by interferon (IFN)-gamma-stimulated keratinocytes cultured in serum-free medium. The results showed that PUVA and UVA reduced C3 production by IFN-gamma-stimulated epidermal keratinocytes dose-dependently, although the effect of PUVA was stronger than that of UVA alone. Interestingly, UVB induced an enhancement of C3 production at doses ranging from 10 to 50 mJ cm-2. This phenomenon was found at both the protein and mRNA levels. In every experiment, changes in C3 mRNA levels preceded those in its protein levels. Reduced C3 production at higher doses of 75 and 100 mJ cm-2 were probably due to cytotoxic effects of UVB. In our experimental system, PUVA, UVA or UVB treatment did not affect C3 production without IFN-gamma stimulation. Our results suggest that a reduction in C3 production by PUVA treatment may in part explain the efficacy of PUVA in the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses such as psoriasis, while the results of the UVB experiments may partially explain the proinflammatory nature of UVB.
Boulder Stones (1901)

Boulder Stones Get access Henry Taylor Henry Taylor 1Birklands, Southport Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s9-VII, Issue 164, 16 February 1901, Page 137, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s9-VII.164.137 Published: 16 February 1901
Validation of a DVB-H dynamic system simulator using field measurements (2008)

In this paper we discuss the need for dynamic system-level simulations for DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcast - Handheld), specifically to evaluate the overall system performance perceived by mobile users dynamically over time. Such simulations can be used as a complement of traditional radio coverage planning tools for analyzing quality of service and radio resource management aspects of the DVB-H network. We describe a general simulation structure and the main models required, and validate, using vehicular urban field measurements, a DVB-H physical layer performance model that enables these analyses.
X-ray diffraction study of elemental erbium to70GPa (2005)

We have investigated phase transitions in elemental erbium in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) up to $70\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ using angular-dispersive x-ray powder diffraction methods. We present evidence of a series of phase transitions that appear to follow the anticipated $\mathrm{hcp}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Sm}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{type}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{double}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{hcp}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}(\mathrm{dhcp})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{distorted}$ fcc sequence. In particular, we present evidence for the predicted $\mathrm{dhcp}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{distorted}$ fcc transition above $63\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$. Equation of state data are also presented up to $70\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$.
View-based maps (2009)

Robotic systems that can create and use visual maps in realtime have obvious advantages in many applications, from automatic driving to mobile manipulation in the home. In this paper we describe a mapping system based on retaining stereo views of the environment that are collected as the robot moves. Connections among the views are formed by consistent geometric matching of their features. Out-of-sequence matching is the key problem: how to find connections from the current view to other corresponding views in the map. Our approach uses a vocabulary tree to propose candidate views, and a strong geometric filter to eliminate false positives -essentially, the robot continually re-recognizes where it is. We present experiments showing the utility of the approach on video data, including map building in large indoor and outdoor environments, map building without localization, and re-localization when lost.
Do Consumers Care about Mobile Service Platforms? A Conjoint Analysis on Consumer Preference for Mobile Platforms. (2012)

Literature on Mobile Platforms focuses predominantly on strategic issues in managing multi-sided platforms as well as economic issues of two-sided markets. Most of this literature is highly conceptual and empirical research on the perceptions, preferences and behaviour of consumers is lacking. Moreover, scholars typically focus on device-related platforms like operating systems and app stores, while platforms developed by mobile operators are seldom discussed explicitly. In this paper, we therefore aim to understand the criteria and expectations of consumers to opt for a specific platform from a device manufacturer or operator. To do so, we developed and executed a questionnaire for conjoint analysis. The data for the conjoint analysis was collected from 88 Chinese researchers and students. The conjoint results show that most respondents strongly prefer mobile operating systems provided by Apple (iOS) and Google (Android) over Nokia (Symbian) and BlackBerry OS. Moreover, application cost is considered to play an important role in the decision making of consumers to opt a platform. The findings of the study indicate that respondents hardly find the provider of the platform important, i.e. they prefer service provider and device provider platforms over operator platforms.
Fungal endophytes from higher plants: a prolific source of phytochemicals and other bioactive natural products (2010)

Bioactive natural products from endophytic fungi, isolated from higher plants, are attracting considerable attention from natural product chemists and biologists alike as indicated by the steady increase of publications devoted to this topic during recent years (113 research articles on secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi in the period of 2008–2009, 69 in 2006–2007, 36 in 2004–2005, 14 in 2002–2003, and 18 in 2000–2001). This overview will highlight the chemical potential of endophytic fungi with focus on the detection of pharmaceutically valuable plant constituents, e.g. paclitaxel, camptothecin and podophyllotoxin, as products of fungal biosynthesis. In addition, it will cover new bioactive metabolites reported in recent years (2008–2009) from fungal endophytes of terrestrial and mangrove plants. The presented compounds are selected based on their antimicrobial, antiparasitic, cytotoxic as well as neuroprotective activities. Furthermore, possible factors influencing natural product production in endophytes cultivated in vitro and hence the success of bioprospecting from endophytes are likewise discussed in this review.
Illusory ownership of a virtual child body causes overestimation of object sizes and implicit attitude changes (2013)

An illusory sensation of ownership over a surrogate limb or whole body can be induced through specific forms of multisensory stimulation, such as synchronous visuotactile tapping on the hidden real and visible rubber hand in the rubber hand illusion. Such methods have been used to induce ownership over a manikin and a virtual body that substitute the real body, as seen from first-person perspective, through a head-mounted display. However, the perceptual and behavioral consequences of such transformed body ownership have hardly been explored. In Exp. 1, immersive virtual reality was used to embody 30 adults as a 4-y-old child (condition C), and as an adult body scaled to the same height as the child (condition A), experienced from the first-person perspective, and with virtual and real body movements synchronized. The result was a strong body-ownership illusion equally for C and A. Moreover there was an overestimation of the sizes of objects compared with a nonembodied baseline, which was significantly greater for C compared with A. An implicit association test showed that C resulted in significantly faster reaction times for the classification of self with child-like compared with adult-like attributes. Exp. 2 with an additional 16 participants extinguished the ownership illusion by using visuomotor asynchrony, with all else equal. The size-estimation and implicit association test differences between C and A were also extinguished. We conclude that there are perceptual and probably behavioral correlates of body-ownership illusions that occur as a function of the type of body in which embodiment occurs.
Improving the Spatial Resolution of Low-keV STEM with a Monochromator (2013)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Constrained growth of complex scale-independent systems (2016)

Scale independence is a ubiquitous feature of complex systems that implies a highly skewed distribution of resources with no characteristic scale. Research has long focused on why systems as varied as protein networks, evolution, and stock actions all feature scale independence. Assuming that they simply do, we focus here on describing how this behavior emerges, in contrast to more idealized models usually considered. We arrive at the conjecture that a minimal model to explain the growth toward scale independence involves only two coupled dynamical features: the first is the well-known preferential attachment principle, and the second is a general form of delayed temporal scaling. While the first is sufficient, the second is present in all studied data and appears to maximize the speed of convergence to true scale independence. The delay in this temporal scaling acts as a coupling between population growth and individual activity. Together, these two dynamical properties appear to pave a precise evolution path, such that even an instantaneous snapshot of a distribution is enough to reconstruct the past of the system and predict its future. We validate our approach and confirm its usefulness in diverse spheres of human activities, ranging from scientific and artistic productivity to sexual relations and online traffic.
Ricardian Equivalence: An Evaluation of Theory and Evidence (1987)

In evaluating the existing theory and evidence on Ricardian equivalence, it is essential to distinguish between the short-run effects of government borrowing (primarily the potential for stimulating aggregate demand) and the long-run effects (primarily the potential for depressing capital accumulation). I argue that the theoretical case for long-run neutrality is extremely weak, in that it depends upon improbable assumptions that are either directly or indirectly falsified through empirical observation. In contrast, the approximate validity of short-run neutrality depends primarily upon assumptions that have at least an aura of plausibility. Nevertheless, even in this case behavioral evidence weighs heavily against the Ricardian view. Efforts to measure the economic effects of deficits directly through aggregate data confront a number of problems which, taken together, may well be insuperable. It is therefore not at all surprising that this evidence has, by itself, proven inconclusive. Taken together, the existing body of theory and evidence establishes a significant likelihood that deficits have large effects on current consumption, and there is good reason to believe that this would drive up interest rates. In addition, I find a complete lack of either evidence or coherent theoretical argument to dispute the view that sustained deficits significantly depress capital accumulation in the long run.
Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2012)

Global Heart is the official and primary publication of the World Heart Federation, offering a platform for the dissemination of knowledge on research, developments, trends, solutions and public health programmes in the area of cardiovascular disease. Global Heart welcomes research results, points of view and educational material on the prevention, treatment and control of cardiovascular disease with a special focus on low and middle-income countries which are facing the brunt of epidemiological transition.Global Heart strongly encourages authors to adhere to CONSORT, STROBE, STARD, and PRISMA guidelines for reporting of clinical trials, observational studies, diagnostic test accuracy papers, and systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Authors are required for submission to download and complete the appropriate Equator Network checklist: http://www.equator-network.org/.
Release of Gas‐Phase O2 from Ilmenite during Chemical‐Looping Combustion Experiments (2012)

Abstract A concentrate of the naturally occurring mineral ilmenite has been found to release small amounts of gas‐phase O 2 during chemical‐looping combustion experiments at temperatures in the order of 950 °C. This is unexpected, but the effect has been verified by experiments in two different fluidized‐bed reactor systems. The O 2 release is small, resulting in approximately 0.1 vol % O 2 in the gas passing through the reactor beds. However, due to the presence of steam as combustion product and as fluidization medium for fuel reactor and loop seals during solid fuel experiments, considerable O 2 concentrations could be obtained if analyzed on dry basis. It is suggested that the reason for the experienced O 2 release could be the presence of small amounts of manganese in the sample or interactions between said impurities and iron or titanium oxides.