gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective Stress Analysis of Seismic Response and Liquefaction: Case Studies (1984)

The effective stress method of analysis described in a comparison paper is used to study the effect of various factors on the response and the liquefaction potential of saturated sands. Through a number of analyses, a comparison is made between the results of total stress analysis and effective stress analysis. Analyses are performed to study the effects of the earthquake type, peak base acceleration, depth of water table and coefficient of permeability. The influence of these factors on the pore pressure build up, characteristics of ground surface response and the liquefaction potential are studied.
Nonsupervised 3D registration of PET and MRI data using chamfer matching (2003)

An extension of the chamfer matching technique to accurately register 3-D medical images from different modalities is proposed. A shape-independent surface matching technique yields a rigid body transformation, which allows the transfer of information between modalities. The optimal transformation is inferred from the minimization of a quadratic generalized distance between discrete surfaces. The minimization process is efficiently performed via the precomputation of a 3-D distance map. The entire registration process requires no supervision. The accuracy of the proposed unsupervised 3-D registration method turned out to be very satisfactory for PET (positron emission tomography) medical studies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The role of molecular genetics in diagnosing familial hematuria(s) (2011)

Familial microscopic hematuria (MH) of glomerular origin represents a heterogeneous group of monogenic conditions involving several genes, some of which remain unknown. Recent advances have increased our understanding and our ability to use molecular genetics for diagnosing such patients, enabling us to study their clinical characteristics over time. Three collagen IV genes, COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 explain the autosomal and X-linked forms of Alport syndrome (AS), and a subset of thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN). A number of X-linked AS patients follow a milder course reminiscent of that of patients with heterozygous COL4A3/COL4A4 mutations and TBMN, while at the same time a significant subset of patients with TBMN and familial MH progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). A mutation in CFHR5, a member of the complement factor H family of genes that regulate complement activation, was recently shown to cause isolated C3 glomerulopathy, presenting with MH in childhood and demonstrating a significant risk for CKD/ESKD after 40 years old. Through these results molecular genetics emerges as a powerful tool for a definite diagnosis when all the above conditions enter the differential diagnosis, while in many at-risk related family members, a molecular diagnosis may obviate the need for another renal biopsy.
Agonist antibody that induces human malignant cells to kill one another (2015)

An attractive, but as yet generally unrealized, approach to cancer therapy concerns discovering agents that change the state of differentiation of the cancer cells. Recently, we discovered a phenomenon that we call "receptor pleiotropism" in which agonist antibodies against known receptors induce cell fates that are very different from those induced by the natural agonist to the same receptor. Here, we show that one can take advantage of this phenomenon to convert acute myeloblastic leukemic cells into natural killer cells. Upon induction with the antibody, these leukemic cells enter into a differentiation cascade in which as many as 80% of the starting leukemic cells can be differentiated. The antibody-induced killer cells make large amounts of perforin, IFN-γ, and granzyme B and attack and kill other members of the leukemic cell population. Importantly, induction of killer cells is confined to transformed cells, in that normal bone marrow cells are not induced to form killer cells. Thus, it seems possible to use agonist antibodies to change the differentiation state of cancer cells into those that attack and kill other members of the malignant clone from which they originate.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING MOISTURE MOVEMENT IN PAVEMENT SYSTEMS (1976)

A comprehensive moisture model for predicting moisture conditions in pavement systems, based on the Philip and de Vries equations for nonisothermal moisture movement and heat conduction, was developed. By using numerical methods, the implicit finite difference approximations to the moisture movement and heat-transfer equations were programmed for computer solution. Validation studies indicated that the moisture model could be used to accurately predict isothermal moisture conditions in pavement systems. The model was also used to show the relative influence of nonisothermal conditions on pavement moisture content. The model was applicable to a wide range of boundary conditions and could be used with climatic input data to predict the moisture-temperature regime in pavement systems. /Author/
Nerva/Rover Fuel Element Midband Corrosion Analytical Evaluation of Possible Mechanisms for Loss of Coating Integrity (1994)

Exploratory heat transfer and structural finite element analyses were conducted to understand and to predict the mid‐band corrosion observed in Nuclear Furnace 1 (NF‐1) tests of the Nerva/Rover composite fuel elements. The analytical predictions quantify hypotheses that were based upon observation of the composite fuel mid‐band corrosion in nuclear and electrical furnace tests. In the future, numerical finite element analyses can be used to refine the fuel coating process, to guide future crackfree coating development and to reduce the mid‐band corrosion observed in Nerva/Rover composite fuel elements.
Nanocrystalline SmCo5 magnets with laminated structure and increased electrical resistivity (2011)

Magnetically isotropic Sm–Co permanent magnets with anisotropic electrical conductivity were produced by hot-pressing SmCo5 ultrathin flakes with or without insulating additions of mica, MoS2, CaF2, and B2O3. The laminated structures of the magnets were assured by the natural packing of the flakes in the die. In the additive-free magnets, the resistivity is increased due to oxidized flake boundaries. Additives with platelet-shaped particles (mica, MoS2) and especially those with low-melting temperature (B2O3) form more continuous insulating layers. On the other hand, the CaF2 additive does not react with the magnetic Sm–Co phase. The characteristic values of the maximum energy product and electrical resistivity, measured in orthogonal directions, were 9.7 MG Oe and 130 μΩ cm for the additive-free magnet, 5.7 MG Oe and 640 μΩ cm for the magnet made with 2 wt. % B2O3 and 5.7 MG Oe and 330 μΩ cm for the magnet made with 10 wt. % CaF2.
An investigation of the effect and nature of shunts in a-Si solar cells (2002)

Shunted cell and module segments cause a reduction in initial efficiency and yield, and can also lead to increased degradation. Shunts in small area (0.25 cm/sup 2/) cells are apparently the result of a number of small defects which are grouped together in fields and are hypothesized to be linked to imperfections in the tin oxide. The defects which are active in small area diodes also affect large area modules. Modules suffer as well from larger shunt-causing defects which occur preferentially near the module perimeter. The effect of shunting on module initial efficiency can be nearly eliminated by moving the laser isolation scribe 1/2" to 1" away from the edge of the module. The best modules lose only about 15% of their initial efficiency as a result of prolonged light-soaking; however, they more typically lose about 18-25%. Much of this excess degradation can be attributed to shunt formation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Adsorption and diffusion of carbon dioxide and nitrogen through single-walled carbon nanotube membranes (2006)

We have used atomically detailed simulations to examine the adsorption and transport diffusion of CO2 and N2 in single-walled carbon nanotubes at room temperature as a function of nanotube diameter. Linear and spherical models for CO2 are compared, showing that representing this species as spherical has only a slight impact in the computed diffusion coefficients. Our results support previous predictions that transport diffusivities of molecules inside carbon nanotubes are extremely rapid when compared with other porous materials. By examining carbon nanotubes as large as the (40,40) nanotube, we are able to compare the transport rates predicted by our calculations with recent experimental measurements. The predicted transport rates are in reasonable agreement with experimental observations.
5-[[omega-(Dialkylamino)alkoxy]methylene]-1,3,3-trimethyl-2- oxabicyclo [2.2.2.]octan-6-ones with hypotensive, local anesthetic, antiarrhythmic and other activities. (1994)

The synthesis of 5-[[omega-(dialkylamino)alkoxy]methylene]-1,3,3-trimethyl-2- oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-ones by reaction of (+)-5-(hydroxymethylene)-1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan- 6-one with a series of omega-(chloroalkyl)dialkylamines in the presence of potassium carbonate is described. Some compounds showed strong hypotensive, local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic activity in rats and mice, as well as moderate analgesic, antipyretic and in vitro platelet antiaggregating activity.
A two-sensor 3ω-2ω method for thermal boundary resistance measurement (2021)

Thermal boundary resistance (TBR), which measures an interface's resistance to the thermal flow, is of critical importance among various areas, such as electronics cooling and thermoelectric materials. As for measuring TBR, electrical techniques are generally less sensitive compared to optical ones, but they are easily operable and compatible with the measurement of other electric properties; thus, it is highly desirable to develop electrical methods with higher accuracy and larger measurement range. Here, a two-sensor 3ω-2ω method with a novel experimental procedure design is proposed, which can well address those deficiencies in the conventional 3ω method. Two parallel metal sensors are fabricated, with one of them being wide and the other being narrow. The temperature changes of these two sensors are measured by detecting the 3ω and 2ω signals, respectively. The measurement includes three steps: (1) obtain thin film's thermal conductivity from the wide sensor's 3ω thermal response; (2) obtain substrate thermal conductivity from the narrow sensor's 2ω thermal response; and (3) derive an effective TBR from the narrow sensor's 3ω thermal response. Moreover, it is found the TBRs of metal/dielectric and dielectric/substrate interfaces are distinguishable due to the considerable difference between their contact areas, which enables us to separate these two TBRs by varying the contact area (heater's width). Then, our method is employed to probe the TBRs between the Al2O3 nanofilm and Si as well as SiC substrates at room temperature and good agreement with the previous measurements is achieved, verifying its feasibility. Our present scheme will be helpful for the experimental study of interfacial thermal transport.
Ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy of parametric magnons excited by a four-wave process (2007)

Using a magnetic resonance force microscope, we have performed ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the parametric magnons created by a four-wave process. This is achieved by measuring the differential response to a small amplitude modulation superimposed to a large constant excitation power that drives the dynamics of the uniform mode in the saturation regime. By sweeping the applied field, we observe an abrupt readjustment of the total number of magnons each time the excitation coincides with a parametric mode. This gives rise to ultranarrow peaks whose linewidth is lower than $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ of the applied field.
Mutations in Extracellular Matrix GenesNID1andLAMC1Cause Autosomal Dominant Dandy-Walker Malformation and Occipital Cephaloceles (2013)

We performed whole-exome sequencing of a family with autosomal dominant Dandy-Walker malformation and occipital cephaloceles and detected a mutation in the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein-encoding gene NID1. In a second family, protein interaction network analysis identified a mutation in LAMC1, which encodes a NID1-binding partner. Structural modeling of the NID1-LAMC1 complex demonstrated that each mutation disrupts the interaction. These findings implicate the ECM in the pathogenesis of Dandy-Walker spectrum disorders.
An Integrated Paper‐Based Readout System and Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor for Measuring Bandage Compression (2016)

The treatment of venous leg ulcers is commonly performed through the use of compression bandaging. However, applying an effective pressure can be a challenge, even for an experienced nurse. In this work, a simple and portable integrated platform consisting of a piezoresistive pressure sensor, paper‐based electrochromic readout system and battery is developed to directly monitor the applied pressure. The pressure sensor is fabricated using a mixture of copper particles and polydimethylsiloxane and tuned to the desired pressure sensitivity via the addition of carbon paste. Since the sensor is to be incorporated within the bandage, an external electronic display is not practical and thus a lightweight, paper‐based readout system comprising an electrochromic coating of Prussian blue/polyaniline on top of segments of gold nanoparticle films connected via graphite resistive films is developed. The readout system functions by measuring changes in the voltage drop across the readout system due to changes in the resistance of the pressure sensor. This allows the applied pressure to be visualized by the number of gold nanoparticle segments that have changed color in the readout system. This work opens the door to a lightweight and low‐cost sensing approach for compression bandaging at home or in community locations.
Novel Bifunctional Chiral Urea and Thiourea Derivatives as Organocatalysts: Enantioselective Nitro‐Michael Reaction of Malonates and Diketones (2008)

Novel chiral ureas and thioureas derived form natural α-amino acids have been prepared and tested as bifunctional organocatalysts in enantioselective nitro-Michael additions (see scheme). The reactions occurred with excellent chemical yields and up to 99 % ee. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2111/2008/z800633_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Newer concepts of blood coagulation (1998)

In this report we describe an in vitro model of blood coagulation reactions that mimics as closely as possible the in vivo condition. Our model indicates that the tissue factor-factor VIIa complex initiates coagulation by activating small amounts of both factor IX and factor X in the environment of the tissue factor bearing cell. Factor Xa and factor IXa formed in the initial reaction then play very distinct roles in the subsequent interactions of the clotting mechanism leading to a burst of thrombin generation on the platelet surface. Our results also indicate that factor XI can be activated by thrombin in the absence of factor XII and that the function of factor XI is simply to enhance conversion of factor IX to factor IXa resulting in enhanced thrombin generation on the platelet surface.
Curved Waveguide Array Diode Lasers for High-Brightness Applications (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We have developed a novel structure for achieving high-brightness output from a semiconductor laser array using coherent spatial beam combination. The structure consists of an array of curved ridge waveguides with in-phase, coherent output. Interference of the multiple outputs leads to a narrow, bright, on-axis, far-field beam shape. Experimental results demonstrate a diffraction limited output beam width, ideal for high-brightness applications. </para>
CXCL4 Downregulates the Atheroprotective Hemoglobin Receptor CD163 in Human Macrophages (2009)

CXCL4 may promote atherogenesis by suppressing CD163 in macrophages, which are then unable to upregulate the atheroprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 in response to hemoglobin.
<title>Nano-aperture with 1000x power throughput enhancement for very small aperture laser system (VSAL)</title> (2002)

Very Small Aperture Laser (VSAL) system is a near field optical data storage system that utilizes a nano-aperture fabricated at the front facet of a semiconductor laser to define a nano-sized spot and hence to achieve ultra-high density storage. However, these nano-apertures typically have very poor power throughput behavior when the sizes of the apertures are much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light. In this paper, we use numerical simulation tool XFDTD, which is a three-dimensional vector electro-magnetic field simulator based on the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, to study the behavior of the nano-apertures. We show that for square apertures, the power throughput decays as r4 (r is the size of the aperture) when the aperture size r is less than lamda/4 (lamda is the incident light wavelength). To solve the power throughput shortage problem, we present our novel nano-aperture design -'C'-aperture. Compared with a conventional 100nm square aperture, the 'C'-aperture provides 1000x higher power throughput while maintaining a comparable near field spot size. We show that the greatly enhanced power throughput is due to both the polarization and resonance effects.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Implementation and investigation of U-shaped aperture UWB antenna with dual band-notched characteristics (2008)

The design and analysis of an ultra-wideband (UWB) aperture antenna with dual band-notched characteristics are presented. The antenna consists of a circular exciting stub on the front side and a U-shaped aperture on the back ground plane. By inserting a slot and a parasitic strip to the antenna, dual notched frequency bands are achieved. A conceptual circuit model, which is based on the measured impedance of the proposed antenna, is also shown to investigate the dual band-notched characteristics. The measured impedance bandwidth defined by VSWR&lt;2 of 9.0 GHz (2.2–11.2 GHz), with the dual bands of 3.25–4.25 and 5.0–6.05 GHz notched, is obtained.
Thermal Stimuli‐Triggered Drug Release from a Biocompatible Porous Metal–Organic Framework (2017)

Drug delivery carriers with a high drug loading capacity and biocompatibility, especially for controlled drug release, are urgently needed due to the side effects and frequently dose in the traditional therapeutic method. In our work, a Zr-based metal-organic framework named ZJU-801, which is isoreticular with NU-801, has been designed and further demonstrated as an excellent drug delivery system (DDS) with a high drug loading of 41.7 %. Such a high drug loading capacity may be ascribed to the appropriate match of the size and the large pore volume of this kind of Zr MOF material. Compared with DS@NU-801, this DDS has successfully achieved on-command heating-activated drug release, which was probably attributed to the bulkier ligand, the better stability, and the intense π-π interaction between ZJU-801 and diclofenac sodium (DS) demonstrated comprehensively by SEM, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), FTIR and <sup>13</sup> C solid-state NMR spectroscopy as well as computer simulations. It is worth noting that premature drug release was avoided effectively without any complicated post-modifications. The low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility of our DDS were certificated by the in vitro favorable results from an MTT assay, a WST-1 assay, and confocal microscopy imaging.
Residential Lighting System (2018)

This paper introduces a general residential lighting system of various components. Mainly have a machine of the upper part and lower part and hardware part. PC using kingview 6.55 composition control and monitor screen, as well as complete and the next bit machine communication function. Under a machine adopts PLC control, PLC from PC to accept the command output. Hardware part adopted by controlling thyristor conduction cycle method of the light bulb brightness control circuit. The upper computer part includes the control and monitoring screen of the lower computer, and the report interface of various data can control and monitor the lighting switches in the residential area in real time. Using PLC communication and output safe and reliable, the lower computer ensures the reliability of the system to a certain extent. The part of the hardware circuit adopts the mechanism of controlling the brightness through the photoresistor, so that the illumination brightness can change with the change of the natural light intensity, which plays the role of energy saving and brightness adjustment.
μChIP—a rapid micro chromatin immunoprecipitation assay for small cell samples and biopsies (2008)

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful technique for studying protein-DNA interactions. Drawbacks of current ChIP assays however are a requirement for large cell numbers, which limits applicability of ChIP to rare cell samples, and/or lengthy procedures with limited applications. There are to date no protocols for fast and parallel ChIPs of post-translationally modified histones from small cell numbers or biopsies, and importantly, no protocol allowing for investigations of transcription factor binding in small cell numbers. We report here the development of a micro (micro) ChIP assay suitable for up to nine parallel quantitative ChIPs of modified histones or RNA polymerase II from a single batch of 1000 cells. MicroChIP can also be downscaled to monitor the association of one protein with multiple genomic sites in as few as 100 cells. MicroChIP is applicable to small fresh tissue biopsies, and a cross-link-while-thawing procedure makes the assay suitable for frozen biopsies. Using MicroChIP, we characterize transcriptionally permissive and repressive histone H3 modifications on developmentally regulated promoters in human embryonal carcinoma cells and in osteosarcoma biopsies. muChIP creates possibilities for multiple parallel and rapid transcription factor binding and epigenetic analyses of rare cell and tissue samples.