gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New advances in leukaemia immunotherapy by the use of Chimeric Artificial Antigen Receptors (CARs): state of the art and perspectives for the near future (2011)

Leukaemia immunotherapy represents a fascinating and promising field of translational research, particularly as an integrative approach of bone marrow transplantation. Adoptive immunotherapy by the use of donor-derived expanded leukaemia-specific T cells has showed some kind of clinical response, but the major advance is nowadays represented by gene manipulation of donor immune cells, so that they acquire strict specificity towards the tumour target and potent lytic activity, followed by significant proliferation, increased survival and possibly anti-tumour memory state. This is achieved by gene insertion of Chimeric T-cell Antigen Receptors (CARs), which are artificial molecules containing antibody-derived fragments (to bind the specific target), joined with potent signalling T-Cell Receptor (TCR)-derived domains that activate the manipulated cells. This review will discuss the main application of this approach particularly focusing on the paediatric setting, raising advantages and disadvantages and discussing relevant perspectives of use in the nearest future.
Absorption Characteristics of Ruthenium (Ru)-II Nanoparticles as a Dissolved Oxygen Sensing Material (2013)

Ruthenium (Ru)-II complexes such as the Ruthenium-tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)dichloride (Ru(dpp) 3 2+ ) is commonly used for dissolved oxygen sensing because of their profound advantages such as visible absorption, a large Stokes’ shift, good fluorescence quantum yields, long excitation lifetimes and good oxygen quenching efficiency. In this study, we report on the absorption characteristics of (Ru(dpp) 3 2+ ) when it is exposed to dissolved oxygen where the absorption was determined using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorbance spectroscopy. The results show that by decreasing the concentration ofRu(ddp) 3 2+ , the absorbance remained constant at optical wavelength of 455nm while the intensity changes with the presence of dissolved oxygen. The sensitivity of detecting dissolved oxygen was proven to improve by increasing the amount of Ru(ddp) 3 2+ used.
Partition of Recombination Energy in the Decaying Rare-Gas Plasmas (1967)

In the collisional-radiative electron-ion recombination regime, the energy liberated from each recombination is partly carried away by a third colliding free electron and partly transformed into radiation. The partition of the energy among the electrons and radiation is obtained by comparing the probability of electron collisional de-excitation at different atomic-energy states, calculated by using Gryzi\ifmmode \acute{n}\else \'{n}\fi{}ski's formulation, and the spontaneous transition probability of bound electrons to all lower states evaluated by using the sum rule of line strength and the central-field approximation. A recombination-dominated decaying plasma is produced by a discharge tube energized with a capacitor bank. After cessation of the discharge current, the electron density, electron temperature, and atom temperature are measured by using both microwave and electrostatic probes, the spectral-line ratio method, and a fast-rise-time resistance thermometer, respectively. The partition of the recombination energy under different conditions for He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe gases is determined from a solution of the electron-energy equation. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The oscillator strengths of the resonance lines for the five rare gases are also presented.
Immune Regulation by the TIM Family Molecules: the Role of Costimulatory Molecules in CD4 T-Cell Function, and Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (2017)

TIM family molecules may have an important role in diseases including autoimmunity and asthma. A PhD student in our class read journal reviews before contradictions in the study findings were discussed by a working group and all students.
Speech Recognition Using Neural Networks (2009)

Speech processing has been an active area for several decades with a wide variety of applications ranging from communications to automatic reading machines. There are many speech recognition techniques, which are based on statistical techniques as well as neural networks. The present work investigates the feasibility of two approaches for solving the problem using neural networks.
Technologies for High-Speed Coating (2001)

Design speed of on and off-machine coater has been increasing successively, and its operating speed will be beyond 2, 000m/min in near future. Under such high-speed coating process, several technologies are required to maintain or improve the productivity and quality of coated paper.In order to realize stable and efficient high-speed coating, stabilization of paper web behavior and suitable control of coating color flow are required. Improving the precision and response of control systems, reducing the several preparation times, and improving the drying efficiency are also required for high-speed coating. To serve these technical requirements, we have been carrying out several developments and improvements successively. In this paper, state of the art technologies for high-speed coating, such as “mist reduction system” for film coater, and “steam substitution system” for curtain flow coater, are reviewed briefly.
Some Thoughts Written on ‘Juneteenth’ of 2020, the Day Commemorating the End of Slavery in the United States, June 19, 1865, at the End of our Civil War (2020)

We are human beings, imbued with the ability to make decisions and think deductively and inductively. However, our ability to do so is related asymmetrically to external factors such as wealth and physical strength; some are imbued with more power than others and use that extra power as a tool to influence how fair and equitable are defined or, in extreme cases, to oppress the weaker. As a consequence, individuals and groups sometimes behave in ways that are destructive both physically and emotionally to others. Thus, it is not surprising that throughout our recorded history there have been actions affecting masses of people that we consider (at least in retrospect) to be based on illogical and uncivilized criteria. After all, we are human beings.
The 2-Thioanalogues of tRNA Components Derived from 5-Hydroxyuridine (1987)

The synthesis of 5-cyanomethoxy-2-thiouracil (5b) is described. The acid catalysed ethanolysis of 5b leads to 5-ethoxycarbonylmethoxy-2-thiouracil (5a). Condensations of 5-methoxy-2-thiouracil (5) and 5a with the sugar component 7 using the “silyl method” yield peracylated 5-methoxy-2-thiouridine (8) and 5-ethoxycarbonylmethoxy-2-thiouridine (8a), which under treatment with sodium methanolate/methanol afford title 5-methoxy-2-thiouridine (1) (s 2 mo 5 U) and 5-methoxycarbonylmethoxy-2-thiouridine (2) (s 2 mcmo 5 U), respectively
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Benzylic Bromination. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The use of synthetics in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (2001)

Despite an improved understanding of pelvic anatomy and organ function and advances in surgical techniques, long-term success rates in pelvic surgery are still variable (3-59%), but can reach up to 92% in the case of associated procedures. The major causes of recurrent pelvic prolapse after corrective surgery are related to patient factors, such as poor tissues, impaired healing processes and chronic pathological increases in intra-abdominal pressure. Other causes of failure are, however, probably related to surgical techniques: the use of weak or insufficient sutures, or suboptimal performance of the surgery. In line with progress in the surgical correction of abdominal hernias, the use of synthetic mesh in pelvic reconstructive surgery also seems to guarantee its reliability, especially when autologous tissue is of poor quality or insufficient quantity. Moreover, the use of artificial mesh may simplify a surgical procedure, reducing operative time and the need for additional techniques. This review evaluates the main properties of synthetic biomaterials, their complications and the most common procedures involved in the use of synthetic mesh: the abdominal sacral colpopexy and transvaginal cystocele repair.
N‐Heterocyclic Olefins as Robust Organocatalyst for the Chemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Value‐Added Chemicals (2016)

Abstract In this report, the activity of N‐heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) as a newly emerging class of organocatalyst is investigated for the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide through reactions with aziridines to form oxazolidinones and the N ‐formylation of amines with polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) or 9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9‐BBN) as the reducing agent under mild conditions. The exocyclic carbon atoms of NHOs are highly nucleophilic owing to the electron‐donating ability of the two nitrogen atoms. This high nucleophilicity of the NHOs activates CO 2 molecules to form zwitterionic NHO–carboxylate (NHO–CO 2 ) adducts, which are active in formylation reactions as well as the carboxylation of aziridines to oxazolidinones.
Sound Intensity Prediction System (SIPS): Volume I - Reference Manual (1997)

Abstract : The Sound Intensity Prediction System (SIPS) is a tool employed to reduce the number of complaints about noise from explosive operations. SIPS combines procedures for conducting explosive operations with an acoustic ray tracing computer code to determine the locations of both noise enhancements and noise reductions. By predicting areas that can expect either increased or decreased noise levels, noise levels in sensitive areas can be determined. Predictions of quiet zones covering those areas indicate the best times to schedule explosive events. This report documents the theory behind SIPS as well as the program's evolutionary process. The different computer models that make predictions about sound distribution are approximately equivalent in their predictive power with different methods of getting results and displaying the output. The quality of SIPS predictions is enhanced by using the model only on days when the weather is stable. In addition, predictions of focusing should be considered as areas rather than points since there is a tendency for them to drift.
Urinary Excretion of 17-Oxosteroids in Hereditary Coproporphyria (1975)

1. Urinary 17-oxosteroid conjugates were measured by gas-liquid chromatography in five patients with hereditary coproporphyria. 2. Three patients were in an acute attack and showed significantly increased excretion of sulphate or glucuronide conjugates of aetiocholanolone. There was increased excretion of several other related steroids but no consistent pattern was apparent. 3. In the two patients in remission, excretion of urinary 17-oxosteroids was not increased. 4. The ratio of total urinary aetiocholanolone to androsterone (5beta:5alpha) was found to be significantly elevated for the three patients in an acute attack. Serial measurements were made in two of these patients and showed a highly significant linear correaltion between this ratio and the urinary content of delta-aminolaevulic acid and porphobilinogen. 5. These observations suggest the involvement of the 17-oxosteroids, espically aetiocholanolone, in the pathogenesis of hereditary coproporphyria.
Configurational changes of heme followed by cytochrome c folding reaction (2014)

Although the folding kinetics of cytochrome c (Cyt-c), ferric or ferrous Cyt-c, has been extensively investigated as a paradigm for a protein folding reaction using various time-resolved spectroscopic techniques, the configurational change of heme associated with the folding reaction from a ferric Cyt-c to a ferrous Cyt-c induced by one-electron reduction has not been elucidated. To address this issue, we investigated the configurational change of heme in the Cyt-c folding process induced by one-electron reduction using a combination of time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy and pulse radiolysis. The results presented herein reveal that the reduction of ferric Cyt-c and the ligation of Met80 occur simultaneously within a timescale of approximately 2 μs, and that the ligand binding and exchange of heme depend on the initial configuration of the heme. The rapid ligation of Met80 observed in this study may be attributed to the intramolecular diffusion of Met80 into ferrous Cyt-c with a 5-coordinated high-spin configuration. Conversely, the ligand exchange of a ferrous Cyt-c with a 6-coordinated low-spin configuration was significantly slower.
Improved anonymous proxy re-encryption with CCA security (2014)

Outsourcing private data and heavy computation tasks to the cloud may lead to privacy breach as attackers (e.g., malicious outsiders or cloud administrators) may correlate any relevant information to penetrate information of their interests. Therefore, how to preserve cloud users' privacy has been a top concern when adopting cloud solutions. In this paper, we investigate the identity privacy problem for the proxy re-encryption, which allows any third party (e.g., cloud) to re-encrypt ciphertexts in order to delegate the decryption right from one to another user. The relevant identity information, e.g., whose ciphertext was re-encrypted to the ciphertext under whose public key, may leak because re-encryption keys and ciphertexts (before and after re-encryption) are known to the third party. We review prior anonymity (identity privacy) notions, and find that these notions are either impractical or too weak. To address this problem thoroughly, we rigorously define the anonymity notion that not only embraces the prior anonymity notions but also captures the necessary anonymity requirement for practical applications. In addition, we propose a new and efficient proxy re-encryption scheme. The scheme satisfies the proposed anonymity notion under the Squared Decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman assumption and achieves security against chosen ciphertext attack under the Decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman assumption in the random oracle model. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first proxy re-encryption scheme attaining both chosen-ciphertext security and anonymity simultaneously.
Experimental verification of subcooled flow boiling for tokamak pump limiter designs (1987)

In fusion energy research devices such as tokamaks, limiters are used to define the plasma boundary, and may serve the additional functions of plasma density and impurity control by removing neutralized particles from the plasma edge region. Because the devices must operate in the plasma edge or ''scrape-off-layer,'' they are subject to high heat fluxes. In this paper, experimental studies for a pump limiter design currently under development are discussed. Subcooled flow boiling of water and twisted tape flow enhancement are combined to enable heat removal of highly peaked local heat fluxes at the tube-water boundary in the 40 to 50 MW/m/sup 2/ range. Experiments were conducted with the use of a rastered 30 kV electron beam apparatus which is capable of producing the desired steady state heat flux levels. Objectives of the experiment were (1) to verify the heat removal model used for finite element thermal and stress analyses, (2) selection of appropriate critical heat flux (CHF) margins and criteria, and (3) development of acoustic techniques to monitor the onset of CHF during actual limiter operation.
Quasi-parallel laser-Doppler perfusion imaging using a CMOS image sensor (2003)

We utilized a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) video-camera for fast flow imaging with use of the laser-Doppler technique. A single sensor is used for both observation of the area of interest and measurements of the interference signal caused by dynamic light scattering from moving particles inside scattering objects. Particularly we demonstrate the possibility to image the distribution of the moving read blood cell concentration. This is a first step towards laser Doppler imaging without scanning parts, leading to a much faster imaging procedure compared to existing mechanical laser Doppler perfusion imagers.
Approximations using Hilbert transform of wavelets (2015)

Hilbert transform of wavelets has been used to approximate functions in L 2 (R) . It is proved that Hilbert transform of wavelets with many vanishing moments does a good job in approximating smooth functions in L 2 (R) . We also prove that Hlder continuity of a function helps in the decay of wavelet coefficients and thereby helps in approximating it. Finally, we give a result that relates the Hilbert transform of wavelet with dyadic scale differential operator and use it to decrease the wavelet coefficients.
MoS2 Transistors Operating at Gigahertz Frequencies (2014)

The presence of a direct band gap and an ultrathin form factor has caused a considerable interest in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors from the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) family with molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) being the most studied representative of this family of materials. While diverse electronic elements, logic circuits and optoelectronic devices have been demonstrated using ultrathin MoS2, very little is known about their performance at high frequencies where commercial devices are expected to function. Here, we report on top-gated MoS2 transistors operating in the gigahertz range of frequencies. Our devices show cutoff frequencies reaching 6 GHz. The presence of a band gap also gives rise to current saturation, allowing power and voltage gain, all in the gigahertz range. This shows that MoS2 could be an interesting material for realizing high-speed amplifiers and logic circuits with device scaling expected to result in further improvement of performance. Our work represents the first step in the realization of high-frequency analog and digital circuits based on two-dimensional semiconductors.
An Intermediate for the Clean Synthesis of Ionic Liquids: Isolation and Crystal Structure of 1,3‐Dimethylimidazolium Hydrogen Carbonate Monohydrate (2007)

1,3-Dimethylimidazolium-2-carboxylate and carbonic acid have been used to prepare a 1,3-dimethylimidazolium hydrogen carbonate salt by means of a Krapcho reaction. The ability to form hydrogen carbonate azolium salts allows for them to be used as precursors for fast, efficient, environmentally benign, and halide-free syntheses of many ionic liquids by a simple, acid-base reaction of virtually any acid (inorganic, organic, and organic noncarboxylic) with a pK(a) less than that of HCO(3) (-). Additionally, the kinetics of this reaction can be accelerated by employing catalytic amounts of DMSO (a traditional Krapcho solvent used in decarboxylation reactions) to catalyze the decarboxylation. The crystal structure of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium hydrogen carbonate monohydrate is the first example of an imidazolium-based hydrogen carbonate salt. There is a strong 2D hydrogen-bonded network with facially pi-stacked imidazolium cations located in the cavities created by this framework.
PI3K is a negative regulator of IgE production (2008)

The production of IgE, a main player in allergic disorders such as asthma and atopic dermatitis, is strictly regulated and the serum concentrations of IgE are normally kept at a much lower level than other isotypes. We found that mice deficient for the p85alpha regulatory subunit of class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) produced increasing amounts of serum IgE. Purified p85alpha-/- B cells produced more IgE than wild-type B cells in vitro in response to anti-CD40 mAb and IL-4. PI3K inhibitors wortmannin and IC87114 enhanced IgE production by wild-type B cells stimulated with anti-CD40 mAb and IL-4. Under the same condition, antigen receptor cross-linking induced the expression of inhibitor of differentiation-2 and suppressed the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase and class switch recombination (CSR) in a PI3K-dependent manner. IgE production was also suppressed in a concentrated cell culture condition, which was completely reversed by PI3K inhibition. The selective suppression of IgE production by PI3K was also observed at a protein level after CSR. Our results indicate that PI3K negatively regulates IgE production at both CSR and protein levels.
Are anti-ganglioside antibodies associated with proventricular dilatation disease in birds? (2017)

The identification of Parrot bornaviruses in psittacine birds with proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) has not been sufficient to explain the pathogenesis of this fatal disease since not all infected birds develop clinical signs. One hypothesis suggests that PaBV could trigger the production of autoantibodies targeting neuronal gangliosides. These are major neuronal antigens, and PDD might therefore resemble Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) in its pathogenesis. Experimental inoculation of pure gangliosides and brain-derived ganglioside extracts were used in two different immunization studies. A preliminary study on seven healthy chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) was performed using a group of four chickens inoculated with a brain ganglioside extract in Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) and a control group comprised by three chickens inoculated only with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). A second study with five healthy quaker parrots ( Myiopsitta monachus ) was comprised of three groups. Two quaker parrots received purified gangliosides in FCA, two received a crude brain extract in FCA, and one control quaker parrot received FCA alone. In the preliminary study, one chicken developed ataxia and weakness. None of the quaker parrots had any clinical signs that could resemble PDD or GBS. None of the chickens or quaker parrots presented any gross lesions. The chicken with clinical signs had a perivascular and perineural lymphocytic infiltrate in the proventriculus. Two of the quaker parrots (one from each treatment group) developed mild lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis and myelitis. Our results suggest that autoantibodies against gangliosides in birds are not associated with a condition resembling PDD.
Context-aware reinforcement learning for re-identification in a video network (2013)

Re-identification of people in a large camera network has gained popularity in recent years. The problem still remains challenging due to variations across cameras. A variety of techniques which concentrate on either features or matching have been proposed. Similar to majority of computer vision approaches, these techniques use fixed features and/or parameters. As the operating conditions of a vision system change, its performance deteriorates as fixed features and/or parameters are no longer suited for the new conditions. We propose to use context-aware reinforcement learning to handle this challenge. We capture the changing operating conditions through context and learn mapping between context and feature weights to improve the re-identification accuracy. The results are shown using videos from a camera network that consists of eight cameras.