gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SMART Frame Selection for Action Recognition (2021)

Video classification is computationally expensive. In this paper, we address theproblem of frame selection to reduce the computational cost of video classification.Recent work has successfully leveraged frame selection for long, untrimmed videos,where much of the content is not relevant, and easy to discard. In this work, however,we focus on the more standard short, trimmed video classification problem. Weargue that good frame selection can not only reduce the computational cost of videoclassification but also increase the accuracy by getting rid of frames that are hard toclassify. In contrast to previous work, we propose a method that instead of selectingframes by considering one at a time, considers them jointly. This results in a moreefficient selection, where “good" frames are more effectively distributed over thevideo, like snapshots that tell a story. We call the proposed frame selection SMARTand we test it in combination with different backbone architectures and on multiplebenchmarks (Kinetics [5], Something-something [14], UCF101 [31]). We showthat the SMART frame selection consistently improves the accuracy compared toother frame selection strategies while reducing the computational cost by a factorof 4 to 10 times. Additionally, we show that when the primary goal is recognitionperformance, our selection strategy can improve over recent state-of-the-art modelsand frame selection strategies on various benchmarks (UCF101, HMDB51 [21],FCVID [17], and ActivityNet [4]).
Inherent calibration of a blue LED-CE-DOAS instrument to measure iodine oxide, glyoxal, methyl glyoxal, nitrogen dioxide, water vapour and aerosol extinction in open cavity mode (2010)

Abstract. The combination of Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) with broad-band light sources (e.g. Light-Emitting Diodes, LEDs) lends itself to the application of cavity enhanced Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CE-DOAS) to perform sensitive and selective point measurements of multiple trace gases and aerosol extinction with a single instrument. In contrast to other broad-band CEAS techniques, CE-DOAS relies only on the measurement of relative intensity changes, i.e. does not require knowledge of the light intensity in the absence of trace gases and aerosols (I0). We have built a prototype LED-CE-DOAS instrument in the blue spectral range (420–490 nm) to measure nitrogen dioxide (NO2), glyoxal (CHOCHO), methyl glyoxal (CH3COCHO), iodine oxide (IO), water vapour (H2O) and oxygen dimers (O4). We demonstrate the first direct detection of methyl glyoxal, and the first CE-DOAS detection of CHOCHO and IO. The instrument is further inherently calibrated for light extinction from the cavity by observing O4 or H2O (at 477 nm and 443 nm) and measuring the pressure, relative humidity and temperature independently. This approach is demonstrated by experiments where laboratory aerosols of known size and refractive index were generated and their extinction measured. The measured extinctions were then compared to the theoretical extinctions calculated using Mie theory (3–7 × 10−7cm−1). Excellent agreement is found from both the O4 and H2O retrievals. This enables the first inherently calibrated CEAS measurement at blue wavelengths in open cavity mode, and eliminates the need for sampling lines to supply air to the cavity, i.e., keep the cavity enclosed and/or aerosol free. Measurements in open cavity mode are demonstrated for CHOCHO, CH3COCHO, NO2, H2O and aerosol extinction. Our prototype LED-CE-DOAS provides a low cost, yet research grade innovative instrument for applications in simulation chambers and in the open atmosphere.
More on Cumulative Search Evasion Games (1991)

Abstract : This report generalizes the form of the payoff function so that all track crossings must involve contact. A more computationally efficient form of the one-dimensional game is also given.
Training the Generation X Plastic Surgeon: Dispelling the Myths? (2001)

An increasing number of injectable filler materials for facial wrinkles and folds points to the need for objective measurements of their effectiveness. Patient satisfaction is the goal, but proof of the value of a particular product requires objective measurement. A wrinkle assessment scale was developed as a simple tool for use by plastic surgeons, dermatologists, and aesthetic surgeons who want to assess the changes resulting from injecting filler materials in their patients. By correlating the grade of the wrinkle in the reference photographs with the wrinkle in a patient's face, a classification of 0 to 5 is assigned. Reliability of the scale was assessed by "live" judgment of 76 wrinkles by nine observers. The same rating was given to 92.7 percent of all wrinkles. In a second trial, photographs from 130 wrinkles were presented to eight observers who rated 89.4 percent of all wrinkles equally. A significant correlation of 87 percent was found between subjective ratings and objective wrinkle depth measured by profilometry on 40 silicone impressions. Manufacturers, monitors of clinical trials, health authorities, and most important, patients will benefit from objective data on current and new injectable materials.
Glioblastoma cell migration mediated by HGF is modulated by serum with variable participation of Met-related pseudopodial proteins (2007)

1357 Glioblastomas are deadly, invasive brain tumors. Once the blood brain barrier becomes defective, common in glioblastomas, blood components potentially become influencing factors on tumor invasion. Cell migration, stimulated by growth factors in tumors, is a vital step during malignant invasion that can be studied in vitro. As chemoattractants, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF) and fetal bovine serum, alone or combined, stimulated normoxic migration of 7 cell lines and primary glioblastoma cells aspirated from a clinical specimen. Migration in Boyden chambers was either maximally stimulated by combined HGF and serum up to 6.33-fold levels of unstimulated migration, or serum alone maximized cell motility to a lesser extent. Dose curves of serum augmented HGF-stimulated cell migration in a variable but cell-specific manner. Two glioblastoma cell lines tested displayed different sensitivities to inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), whose clientale includes Met and many of its downstream proteins. The IC50s of radicicol, a HSP90 inhibitor, for U87 and LN229 cell migration in normoxia were 52.9 and 30.1 μM, respectively, and in glycolytic conditions (chemical hypoxia generated with sodium azide) the IC50s were 38.0 and 26.7 μM, respectively. Invasive migration of U87 cells for 7 days through cultured 1 mm rat brain slices to their bottom edges was enhanced 2.5-fold by a gradient of HGF and serum under glycolytic conditions. Basal (unstimulated) levels of Met varied 21.8-fold among whole cell lysates of motile cell lines equalized for total protein but these levels did not predict levels of cell migration. Pseudopodial lysates from U87 and LN229 cells, stimulated by HGF and serum, contained 6.37 and 5.50-fold increased phosphorylated Met, respectively, and 3.03 and 2.29-fold increased HGF, respectively, compared to unmigrated cell lysates. Levels of proteins downstream from Met, such as cortactin, Raf, Akt, and ATP citrate lyase, varied several fold in pseudopodia compared to unmigrated cells when lysates were equalized for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) or total protein. Migration of glioblastoma cells to HGF, with or without serum co-stimulation, and localization of HGF and its receptor to pseudopodia indicated that Met is part of the “motogenic signature” in glioblastomas. However, cell migration mediated by HGF/Met is modulated by serum in a heterogeneous pattern and with variable participation of the downstream network of proteins in pseudopodia. Further definition of the “motogenic signature” in glioblastomas, including what can be identified in clinical samples of migrated cells and their pseudopodia, is needed to develop anti-invasion therapies that synergize with anti-HGF/Met drugs. We thank The Nick Eric Wichman Foundation, The Beez Foundation, and The Walter L. Copeland Fund of The Pittsburgh Foundation for support.
Towards an HIV cure: science and debate from the International AIDS Society 2013 symposium (2013)

The International AIDS Society convened the multi-stakeholder "Towards an HIV Cure" symposium in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2013 to address the significant research challenges posed by the search for a cure for HIV infection. Current antiretroviral regimens select for a small reservoir of cells that harbour latent HIV provirus, produce few or no HIV virions, and resist detection or clearance by host immunity. The symposium examined basic molecular science and animal model data, and emerging and ongoing clinical trial results to prioritise strategies and determine the viral and immune responses that could lead to HIV remission without ART. Here we review the presentations that scrutinized the molecular mechanisms controlling virus expression from proviral DNA, and the intrinsic cellular restriction and immune mechanisms preventing viral production. Insights from the basic science have translated into new therapeutic strategies seeking HIV remission without ongoing therapy, and much interest was focused on these ongoing trials. We also summarise the emerging ethical issues and patient expectations as concepts move into the clinic.
WordNet-powered Web Services Discovery Using Kernel-Based Similarity Matching Mechanism (2010)

With the rapid growth of web services, web services discovery becomes exceedingly important and challenging. Currently, many discovery approaches have been proposed such as keyword-based or VSM-based syntactic matching and ontology-based semantic matching. Syntactic matching approaches are clearly insufficient due to absence of semantic information. Although ontology-based semantic matching approaches expand the semantics and achieve sufficient precision, the high cost of defining ontologies and the lack of standards to integrate or reuse existing ontologies impede them widespread adoption in practice. To cope with these limitations, by introducing WordNet into VSM-based syntactic matching, a novel WordNet-powered feature vector extraction approach is proposed, which not only add semantic information but also reduce the dimension and sparsity of feature vectors. Furthermore, inspired by popular kernel tricks in machine learning, a set of kernel-based similarity measures are presented to well estimate the similarity of the real web services. Finally, the preliminary experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
A Novel Event Detection Method Using PMU Data With High Precision (2018)

To take full advantage of the considerably high reporting rate of phasor measurement units (PMU) data, this paper develops a novel PMU-based event detection methodology. Considering the huge amount of streaming PMU data, a data compression algorithm, swinging door trending (SDT), is first used to compress the PMU data and generate multiple compression intervals. Then, dynamic programming is utilized to solve the optimization problem, which is recursively constituted by a score function. Based on predefined PMU event rules, dynamic programming merges adjacent compression intervals with the same slope direction. Finally, all the PMU event features are characterized. A conventional wavelet-based event detection method is compared with the developed dynamic programming based SDT (DPSDT) method. Numerical simulations on the real-time and synthetic PMU data show that the DPSDT method can accurately detect the start-time of an event and the event placement with relatively high precision. Also, the PMU event features, including the magnitude and duration of strokes, are characterized.
Comparative Analysis of the Roles of HtrA-Like Surface Proteases in Two Virulent Staphylococcus aureus Strains (2004)

The HtrA surface protease is involved in the virulence of many pathogens, mainly by its role in stress resistance and bacterial survival. Staphylococcus aureus encodes two putative HtrA-like proteases, referred to as HtrA(1) and HtrA(2). To investigate the roles of HtrA proteins in S. aureus, we constructed htrA(1), htrA(2), and htrA(1) htrA(2) insertion mutants in two genetically different virulent strains, RN6390 and COL. In the RN6390 context, htrA(1) inactivation resulted in sensitivity to puromycin-induced stress. The RN6390 htrA(1) htrA(2) mutant was affected in the expression of several secreted virulence factors comprising the agr regulon. This observation was correlated with the disappearance of the agr RNA III transcript in the RN6390 htrA(1) htrA(2) mutant. The virulence of this mutant was diminished in a rat model of endocarditis. In the COL context, both HtrA(1) and HtrA(2) were essential for thermal stress survival. However, only HtrA(1) had a slight effect on exoprotein expression. The htrA mutations did not diminish the virulence of the COL strain in the rat model of endocarditis. Our results indicate that HtrA proteins have different roles in S. aureus according to the strain, probably depending on specific differences in the regulation of virulence factor and stress protein expression. We propose that HtrA(1) and HtrA(2) contribute to pathogenicity by controlling the production of certain extracellular factors that are crucial for bacterial dissemination, as revealed in the RN6390 background. We speculate that HtrA proteins act in the agr-dependent regulation pathway by assuring folding and/or maturation of some surface components of the agr system.
Influence of NSAID Use Among Colorectal Cancer Survivors on Cancer Outcomes (2014)

Our results suggest that current use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs provides significant improvements in CRC outcomes.
Automated design and optimization of circuits in emerging technologies (2009)

A novel table-based environment for automatic design and optimization of FinFET circuits is demonstrated. A new accurate look-up table (LUT) technique is implemented in a circuit simulator and integrated with particle swarm optimization algorithm for efficient circuit designs in novel devices. Op-amp circuits are designed and optimized to demonstrate the accuracy and usefulness of the proposed platform. Further, it is shown that the proposed design methodology can take into account variations in process, supply voltage, and temperature.
Exercise capacity and clinical outcomes in adults followed in the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD) (2018)

Prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the impact of regular exercise and improved fitness on clinical outcomes and mortality in SCD.
Update on thermal diodes (2005)

Experiments on thermal diodes in InSb constructed with a p-type blocking layer in an n*pn structure have shown the existence of an optimum in acceptor concentration and width. Results for various potential barrier shapes show that triangle-shaped barriers outperform barriers with rectangular shape. Enhancements have been demonstrated in PbTe thermal diodes. In InSb and in PbTe diodes, the optimum width is on the order of the scattering length, which is different in the two semiconductors by an order of magnitude.
Medicinal Foodstuffs. VII. On the Saponin Constituents with Glucose and Alcohol Absorption-Inhibitory Activity from a Food Garnish "Tonburi", the Fruit of Japanese Kochia scoparia (L.) SCHRAD.: Structures of Scoparianosides A, B, and C. (1997)

The methanolic extract of a food garnish "Tonburi", the fruit of Japanese kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. (Chenopodiaceae), was found to inhibit the increase in serum glucose-loaded rats. Through bioassay-guided separation, momordin Ic and its 2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside were isolated as the active principles from this medicinal foodstuff together with three new saponins named scoparianosides A, B, and C. The structures of scoparianosides A, B, and C were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence as 3 beta, 22 alpha-dihydroxyolean-12en-28-oic acid (22 alpha-hydroxyoleanolic acid), 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid, 3 beta-hydroxyolean -18-en-28-oic acid (morolic acid), 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1 --> 3)-beta-D -glucopyranosiduronic acid, and 3 beta-hydroxyolean-13(18)-en-28-oic acid, 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoxyl(1 --> 3) -beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid. Momordin Ic and its 2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, both of which are the principal saponin constituents of this medicinal foodstuffs, were found to potently inhibit glucose and ethanol absorption in rats.
Adaptive Vibration Control of Piezoactuated Euler-Bernoulli Beams Using Infinite-Dimensional Lyapunov Method and High-Order Sliding-Mode Differentiation (2014)

This paper presents an adaptive control scheme to suppress vibration of flexible beams using a collocated piezoelectric actuator-sensor configuration. A governing equation of the beams is modelled by a partial differential equation based on Euler-Bernoulli theory. Thus, the beams are infinite-dimensional systems. Whereas conventional control design techniques for infinite-dimensional systems make use of approximated finite-dimensional models, the present adaptive control law is derived based on the infinite-dimensional Lyapunov method, without using any approximated finite-dimension model. Thus, the stability of the control system is guaranteed for all vibration modes. The implementation of the control law requires a derivative of the sensor output for feedback. A high-order sliding mode differentiation technique is used to estimate the derivative. The technique features robust exact differentiation with finite-time convergence. Numerical simulation and experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the controller.
DEVELOPMENT OF A STERNUM DISPLACEMENT SENSING SYSTEM FOR HYBRID III DUMMY (1991)

This paper describes a new 3D-MUSTERDS-Three Dimensional Multi-Point Sternum Displacement Sensing System. The aim is to measure chest deflections of anthropomorphic dummy to be used in vehicle collision tests. The 3D-MUSTERDS consists of: (1) an optical position sensing system. This sensing system consists of light emitting diodes (LEDs) which are installed on the sternum, and a position sensing detector (PSD) cameras installed on the thoracic spine. It is placed in the rib cage; and (2) an external system to calculate and control the coordinates. This new system is characterized by the ease with which it can be applied to the chest of Hybrid m dummy. It is also verified that its frequency response and the impact resistance are excellent, with sufficient capabilities as a practical system for the measurement of the sternum (chest) deflections in normal collision tests. The paper also describes some examples of the applications of the system. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 864606.
Robust speaker direction estimation with microphone array using NMF for smart TV interaction (2015)

This paper proposes a robust speaker direction estimation method based on a microphone array for voice based interaction with smart TV. The proposed method uses speech basis and associated weights of non-negative matrix factorization for finding the speaker independent utterance direction from input signal with noise. The experimental results of the speaker direction estimation in real acoustic environment validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of representative performance measures compared to the conventional methods
Browser Fingerprinting as user tracking technology (2017)

The Web has become an indispensable part of our society and is currently most commonly used mode of information delivery. Millions of users access the free services provided by the websites on daily basis and while providing these free services websites track and profile their web users. In this environment, the ability to track users and their online habits can be very lucrative for advertising companies, yet very intrusive for the privacy of users. The objective of this paper is to study about the increasingly common yet hardly discussed technique of identifying individual Web users and tracking them across multiple websites known as “Browser Fingerprinting”. A unique browser fingerprint is derived by the unique pattern of information visible whenever a computer visits a website. The permutations thus collected are sufficiently distinct that they can be used as a tool for tracking. Unlike cookies, Fingerprints are generated on server side and are difficult for a user to influence. The main objective of this research is study about how the fingerprinting was evolved, its positives and negatives, what threat it poses to users' online privacy and what countermeasures could be used to prevent it. This paper will also analyse which different properties the browsers send to the server, allowing a unique fingerprint of those browsers to be created.
Establishment and Assessment of a New GNSS Precipitable Water Vapor Interpolation Scheme Based on the GPT2w Model (2019)

With the development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reference station networks that provide rich data sources containing atmospheric information, the precipitable water vapor (PWV) retrieved from GNSS remote sensing has become one of the most important bodies of data in many meteorological departments. GNSS stations are distributed in the form of scatters, generally, these separations range from a few kilometers to tens of kilometers. Therefore, the spatial resolution of GNSS-PWV can restrict some applications such as interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) atmospheric calibration and regional atmospheric water vapor analysis, which inevitably require the spatial interpolation of GNSS-PWV. This paper explored a PWV interpolation scheme based on the GPT2w model, which requires no meteorological data at an interpolation station and no regression analysis of the observation data. The PWV interpolation experiment was conducted in Hong Kong by different interpolation schemes, which differed in whether the impact of elevation was considered and whether the GPT2w model was added. In this paper, we adopted three skill scores, i.e., compound relative error (CRE), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE), and two approaches, i.e., station cross-validation and grid data validation, for our comparison. Numerical results showed that the interpolation schemes adding the GPT2w model could greatly improve the PWV interpolation accuracy when compared to the traditional schemes, especially at interpolation points away from the elevation range of reference stations. Moreover, this paper analyzed the PWV interpolation results under different weather conditions, at different locations, and on different days.
Inotropic Effects of Histamine in Human Myocardium (1984)

Summary: Histamine is known to enhance the contractility of the human myocardium in vitro. We have observed that when the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine (or ranitidine) blocks the positive inotropic effect of histamine in spontaneously beating pectinate muscles isolated from human right atrial appendage, a negative inotropic effect is unmasked. This decrease in contractility is independent of changes in rate, as it occurs in preparations paced at constant rate, is mimicked by the H1-receptor agonist 2-(2-thiazolyl)-ethylamine (ThEA) and is abolished by the H1-antagonist pyrilamine. Thus, the negative inotropic effect of histamine appears to be mediated by H1-receptors. Our data indicate that the inotropic response of the human myocardium to histamine consists of two opposing components: an increase in contraction, mediated by H2-receptors, and a decrease in contraction, mediated by H1-receptors. Given the widespread use of H2-blockers and the multitude of clinical conditions in which histamine is released, there may well be circumstances in which an H1-response predominates. This could result in a decrease in myocardial contractility.
Sonde électro-optique fibrée : l’outil idéal pour la caractérisation vectorielle de champs électriques associés à la 5G ? (2019)

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