gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation, Characterization, and in Vitro/in Vivo Evaluation of Paclitaxel-Bound Albumin-Encapsulated Liposomes for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer (2019)

Paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded liposomes were developed with the goal of enhancing the effects of cancer treatment. Although loading substances into the lipid membrane of liposome cause some destabilization of the lipid membrane, PTX was nearly exclusively embedded in the lipid membrane of liposomes, due to its low water solubility. Hydrophobic drugs can be encapsulated into the inner core of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-encapsulated liposomes (BSA-liposome) via noncovalent binding to albumin. Since PTX is able to noncovalently bind to albumin, we attempted to prepare PTX-loaded BSA-liposome (PTX-BSA-liposome). The amount of PTX loaded in the BSA-liposome could be increased substantially by using ethanol, since ethanol increases PTX solubility in BSA solutions via prompting the binding PTX to BSA. On the basis of the results of transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering, PTX-BSA-liposome formed unilamellar vesicles that were spherical in shape and the PTX was encapsulated into the inner aqueous core of the liposome as a form of PTX-BSA complex. In addition, the PTX-BSA-liposome, as well as nab-PTX, showed cytotoxicity against human pancreatic cancer cells, AsPC-1 cells, in a PTX concentration-dependent manner. The in vivo antitumor effect of PTX-BSA-liposomes was also observed in a mouse model that had been subcutaneously inoculated with pancreatic cancer cells by virtue of its high accumulation at the tumor site via the enhanced permeability retention effect. These results suggest that PTX-BSA-liposomes have the potential for serving as a novel PTX preparation method for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Methylation status of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene and its clinical impact on prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (2005)

Aberrant methylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) has been studied in multiple myeloma (MM). We determined the methylation status of the FHIT (fragile histidine triad) gene, a putative TSG, in 48 patients with MM. Clinical association with its methylation status was then analyzed. The FHIT gene methylation was observed in 21 of the 48 patients (44%). No association between FHIT gene methylation and clinical variables such as age, gender and clinical stage was found. However, the estimated 50% survival time of the methylated group was significantly shorter than that of the unmethylated group (18.2 vs. 45.1 months, P < 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed adverse prognostic factors: FHIT gene methylation (P = 0.028), poor performance status (I to IV, P = 0.002), anemia (< or =8.5 g/dL, P = 0.007), hypoalbuminemia (< or =3.5 g/dL, P < 0.002), high serum C-reactive protein levels (>0.5 mg/dL, P = 0.002), elevated beta-2-microglobulin serum levels (>6.5 mg/L, P < 0.001), and treatments not including autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT) (P = 0.007). Multivariate analysis identified FHIT gene methylation [hazard ratio (HR) 1.722, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.150-2.603, P = 0.009], elevated beta-2-microglobulin serum levels (>6.5 mg/L, HR 2.005, 95% CI 1.035-3.937, P = 0.004), and treatments not including auto-PBSCT are independent predictive variables. These findings indicate that aberrant methylation of the FHIT gene is an independent adverse prognostic factor in MM.
Spam Classification Based on Supervised Learning Using Machine Learning Techniques (2011)

E-mail is one of the most popular and frequently used ways of communication due to its worldwide accessibility, relatively fast message transfer, and low sending cost. The flaws in the e-mail protocols and the increasing amount of electronic business and financial transactions directly contribute to the increase in e-mail-based threats. Email spam is one of the major problems of the today's Internet, bringing financial damage to companies and annoying individual users. Spam emails are invading users without their consent and filling their mail boxes. They consume more network capacity as well as time in checking and deleting spam mails. The vast majority of Internet users are outspoken in their disdain for spam, although enough of them respond to commercial offers that spam remains a viable source of income to spammers. While most of the users want to do right think to avoid and get rid of spam, they need clear and simple guidelines on how to behave. In spite of all the measures taken to eliminate spam, they are not yet eradicated. Also when the counter measures are over sensitive, even legitimate emails will be eliminated. Among the approaches developed to stop spam, filtering is the one of the most important technique. Many researches in spam filtering have been centered on the more sophisticated classifier-related issues. In recent days, Machine learning for spam classification is an important research issue. The effectiveness of the proposed work is explores and identifies the use of different learning algorithms for classifying spam messages from e-mail. A comparative analysis among the algorithms has also been presented.
Forced oscillatory impedance of the respiratory system at low frequencies (1986)

Respiratory mechanical impedances were determined during voluntary apnea in five healthy subjects, by means of 0.25- to 5-Hz pseudo/random oscillations applied at the mouth. The total respiratory impedance was partitioned into pulmonary (ZL) and chest wall components with the esophageal balloon technique; corrections were made for the upper airway shunt impedance and the compressibility of alveolar gas. Neglect of these shunt effects did not qualitatively alter the frequency dependence of impedances but led to underestimations in impedance, especially in the chest wall resistance (Rw), which decreased by 20-30% at higher frequencies. The total resistance (Rrs) was markedly frequency dependent, falling from 0.47 +/- 0.06 (SD) at 0.25 Hz to 0.17 +/- 0.01 at 1 Hz and 0.15 +/- 0.01 kPa X l-1 X s at 5 Hz. The changes in Rrs were caused by the frequency dependence of Rw almost exclusively between 0.25 and 2 Hz and in most part between 2 and 5 Hz. The effective total respiratory (Crs,e) and pulmonary compliance were computed with corrections for pulmonary inertance derived from three- and five-parameter model fittings of ZL. Crs,e decreased from the static value (1.03 +/- 0.18 l X kPa-1) to a level of approximately 0.35 l X kPa-1 at 2-3 Hz; this change was primarily caused by the frequency-dependent behavior of chest wall compliance.
Design of radar co-controller based on FPGA (2011)

The work cycle of modern radar is shorter and shorter, furthermore, the volume of data that need to be processed becomes larger and larger in a period. It is very difficult for the computer to real-time process large amounts of data and to real-time control radar. This paper proposes designing an FPGA-based co-controller between the computer and radar subsystems, in order to realize the real-time control of the radar. This paper introduces the overall design of the radar co-controller based on FPGA. It comes up with the designs of data buffer memory module, DSP link interface module, radar sub-unit control module and waveform generator control module in VHDL language on QuartusII. The experimental results show that each module of the radar co-controller can meet the requirements, and can correctly process data and command. Design of FPGA-based can obtain application specific radar co-controller chip, and has independent intellectual property rights.
A Machine Learning Approach to Predicting Autism Risk Genes: Validation of Known Genes and Discovery of New Candidates (2020)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with a strong genetic basis. The role of <i>de novo</i> mutations in ASD has been well established, but the set of genes implicated to date is still far from complete. The current study employs a machine learning-based approach to predict ASD risk genes using features from spatiotemporal gene expression patterns in human brain, gene-level constraint metrics, and other gene variation features. The genes identified through our prediction model were enriched for independent sets of ASD risk genes, and tended to be down-expressed in ASD brains, especially in frontal and parietal cortex. The highest-ranked genes not only included those with strong prior evidence for involvement in ASD (for example, <i>NBEA</i>, <i>HERC1</i>, and <i>TCF20</i>), but also indicated potentially novel candidates, such as, <i>MYCBP2</i> and <i>CAND1</i>, which are involved in protein ubiquitination. We also showed that our method outperformed state-of-the-art scoring systems for ranking curated ASD candidate genes. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of our predicted risk genes revealed biological processes clearly relevant to ASD, including neuronal signaling, neurogenesis, and chromatin remodeling, but also highlighted other potential mechanisms that might underlie ASD, such as regulation of RNA alternative splicing and ubiquitination pathway related to protein degradation. Our study demonstrates that human brain spatiotemporal gene expression patterns and gene-level constraint metrics can help predict ASD risk genes. Our gene ranking system provides a useful resource for prioritizing ASD candidate genes.
Stabilization of Hyperdynamic Microtubules Is Neuroprotective in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2007)

Mutations in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a genetic cause of human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, trigger motoneuron death through unknown toxic mechanisms. We report that transgenic SOD1G93A mice exhibit striking and progressive changes in neuronal microtubule dynamics from an early age, associated with impaired axonal transport. Pharmacologic administration of a microtubule-modulating agent alone or in combination with a neuroprotective drug to symptomatic SOD1G93A mice reduced microtubule turnover, preserved spinal cord neurons, normalized axonal transport kinetics, and delayed the onset of symptoms, while prolonging life by up to 26%. The degree of reduction of microtubule turnover was highly predictive of clinical responses to different treatments. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that hyperdynamic microtubules impair axonal transport and accelerate motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Measurement of microtubule dynamics in vivo provides a sensitive biomarker of disease activity and therapeutic response and represents a new pharmacologic target in neurodegenerative disorders.
Relationship of response to sleep deprivation and carbamazepine in depressed patients (1984)

The responses of 16 patients with major depressive disorder to one night's sleep deprivation and a subsequent double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of carbamazepine were compared. There was a significant association between the presence or absence of an antidepressant response to each of these treatments. Further studies are required to assess the clinical utility of this relationship and whether it is based on antidepressant response to any agent or is more specific to carbamazepine.
Indices and Computational Strategy for Unmanned Ground Wheeled Vehicle Mobility Estimation and Enhancement (2013)

The United States Army began developing Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV) in the early 1900’s. Concurrently, researchers developed and enhanced passenger and commercial ground vehicles. Although significant progress has been made for improving vehicle mobility for all ground vehicles throughout the past century, mobility has lacked a concise mutually agreed definition and analytical standardized criteria. The implementations of improved technologies, such as vehicle traction control, stability control, and torque vectoring systems require researchers to take a step back and reevaluate mobility criteria. UGVs require additional enhancement to include on-line mobility estimation since the vehicle cannot predict nor anticipate terrain conditions on their own prior to the vehicle traversing those conditions. This paper analyzes methodologies researchers have employed for defining and improving vehicle mobility of wheeled vehicles. The analysis is done from a view point of concurrent mobility methodologies’ enhancement and applicability to wheeled UGVs. This analysis is then used to develop off-line and on-line analytical criterion for mobility estimation, and to derive a strategy which can be applied to wheeled vehicles, both manned and unmanned. The on-line mobility estimation enables the UGV to make control changes as the events occur rather than after the event, causing the vehicle to then optimize its reaction to regain control.
Unexplained fetal death: Another anti-angiogenic state (2007)

Plasma sVEGFR-1 concentration is increased in a subset of patients with fetal death, but does not change in term and preterm parturition, rupture of fetal membranes, or acute pyelonephritis.
L'action en comblement de passif est de la compétence du tribunal de la procédure même à l'encontre d'un dirigeant étranger domicilé à l'étranger (2005)

International audience
TE scattering from a slit in a thick conducting screen: revisited (1994)

TE plane-wave scattering from a slit in a thick conducting screen is reexamined. The boundary conditions are enforced to obtain simultaneous equations for the transmitted field inside the thick conducting screen. The simultaneous equations are solved to represent the transmitted and scattered fields in series forms. An approximate series solution for transmission is obtained in closed form which is valid for the high-frequency scattering regime.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mechanism of calsequestrin regulation of single cardiac ryanodine receptor in normal and pathological conditions (2013)

Release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) drives contractile function of cardiac myocytes. Luminal Ca(2+) regulation of SR Ca(2+) release is fundamental not only in physiology but also in physiopathology because abnormal luminal Ca(2+) regulation is known to lead to arrhythmias, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), and/or sudden cardiac arrest, as inferred from animal model studies. Luminal Ca(2+) regulates ryanodine receptor (RyR)2-mediated SR Ca(2+) release through mechanisms localized inside the SR; one of these involves luminal Ca(2+) interacting with calsequestrin (CASQ), triadin, and/or junctin to regulate RyR2 function. CASQ2-RyR2 regulation was examined at the single RyR2 channel level. Single RyR2s were incorporated into planar lipid bilayers by the fusion of native SR vesicles isolated from either wild-type (WT), CASQ2 knockout (KO), or R33Q-CASQ2 knock-in (KI) mice. KO and KI mice have CPVT-like phenotypes. We show that CASQ2(WT) action on RyR2 function (either activation or inhibition) was strongly influenced by the presence of cytosolic MgATP. Function of the reconstituted CASQ2(WT)-RyR2 complex was unaffected by changes in luminal free [Ca(2+)] (from 0.1 to 1 mM). The inhibition exerted by CASQ2(WT) association with the RyR2 determined a reduction in cytosolic Ca(2+) activation sensitivity. RyR2s from KO mice were significantly more sensitive to cytosolic Ca(2+) activation and had significantly longer mean open times than RyR2s from WT mice. Sensitivity of RyR2s from KI mice was in between that of RyR2 channels from KO and WT mice. Enhanced cytosolic RyR2 Ca(2+) sensitivity and longer RyR2 open times likely explain the CPVT-like phenotype of both KO and KI mice.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle using Euphorbia hirta L and their antifungal activities (2010)

Development of biologically inspired experimental processes for the synthesis of nanoparticles is evolving into an important branch of nanotechnology. Metallic nanoparticles are traditionally synthesized by wet chemical synthesis techniques where the chemicals used are quite often toxic and flammable. The present study deals with cost effective and environment friendly given synthesis from 1mM AgNo3 solution through the leaf extract of Euphorbia hirta L, as reducing as well as capping agent. Nanoparticles were characterized using UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy’s. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles showed the antifungal activity against the Candida albicans, C.kefyr, A.niger.
Laser Cladding of Two Hardfacing Alloys Onto Cylindrical Low Alloy Steel Substrates With a High Power Direct Diode Laser (2007)

Blown-powder laser cladding is an efficient method for enhancing the surface properties of engineering components while preserving the properties of the base material. High power direct diode lasers (HPDDLs) offer wide beams with nearly uniform intensity distribution, allowing the deposition of wide clad tracks with flatter profiles than those produced with a Gaussian beam. In this work, a 4.0 kW HPDDL is used to perform blown-powder cladding on AISI 4140 and AISI 5150 steel shafts. The first part of the experiments concerns two-layer circumferential tracks created from two commonly used hardfacing alloys: Stellite 6 (Co-Cr alloy) and Nistelle 625 (Ni-Cr alloy). The effects of laser power and powder feed rate on the clad geometry are assessed. Increasing the powder feed rate and holding constant all other parameters decreases the track width-to-thickness aspect ratio. All tracks exhibit dendrite microstructures that are characteristic of powder-based clad tracks. The tracks exhibit no cracks or porosity. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis reveals dilution of five percent or less between the clad and substrate materials. The second part of the experiments concerns overlapping of single-layer clad tracks in a continuous helical pattern on the substrate to form a layer that covers a large area. Clad layer thickness and inter-track porosity are measured to determine the optimum degree of overlap for producing a high-quality clad layer. The thickness of the resulting Stellite 6 and Nistelle 625 clad layers decreases as the overlap percentage decreases. No inter-track, interfacial, or bulk pores are present for any tests, comprising overlap percentages of 50% and lower.
Self-Reducible CuII Source Reagents for the CVD of Copper (2001)

High purity copper metal is deposited from highly volatile copper complexes at temperatures near 250 °C. SEM shows a dense microstructure and relatively small grain size (see Figure), with one of the complexes producing copper with a measured electrical resistivity of 3.4 μΩ cm, very close to the physical resistivity value of bulk copper and copper with a purity of over 99 %.
Two-element control for the active SLIP model (2013)

The Spring Loaded Inverted Pendulum has been extensively studied and used as an inspiration to the study of legged locomotion. Biological data suggest that legs regulate energy production and removal via muscle activation, and therefore the conservative SLIP model cannot fully explain the robustness of many legged animals during running and hopping gaits. In this work we consider the active SLIP model, an energetically non-conservative version of the SLIP model with series actuation. In particular, we propose a strategy for actuator displacement to add/remove energy from the system, and to analytically solve part of its dynamics. Additionally, we develop a control strategy for online actuator displacement to drive the system to a desired state, even in the presence of terrain perturbation.
Characterization, treatment, and outcome of bacterial cholecystitis and bactibilia in dogs (2015)

Objective-To characterize historical, clinicopathologic, ultrasonographic, microbiological, surgical, and histopathologic features of bacterial cholecystitis and bactibilia in dogs and evaluate response to treatment and outcomes in these patients. Design-Retrospective case-control study. Animals-40 client-owned dogs (10 with bacterial cholecystitis on histologic analysis or bactibilia on cytologic examination [case dogs] and 30 without bactibilia [controls]) evaluated at a veterinary teaching hospital between 2010 and 2014. Procedures-Signalment, history, clinicopathologic findings, ultrasonographic features, microbiological results, surgical findings, histopathologic changes, treatments, and outcomes of case dogs were derived from medical records and summarized. Demographic and clinicopathologic data and ultrasonographic findings were compared between case and control dogs. Relationships among prior antimicrobial treatment, sediment formation in the gallbladder, presence of immobile biliary sludge, and presence of bactibilia or bacterial cholecystitis were assessed. Results-No finding was pathognomonic for bactibilia or bacterial cholecystitis in dogs. Case dogs were significantly more likely to have immobile biliary sludge and had a greater degree of biliary sediment formation than did control dogs. All case dogs for which gallbladders were examined histologically (6/6) had bacterial cholecystitis. Five of 10 case dogs were Dachshunds. Medical or surgical treatment resulted in good outcomes. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Bactibilia and bacterial cholecystitis were important differential diagnoses in dogs with signs referable to biliary tract disease. Dachshunds were overrepresented, which may suggest a breed predisposition. Cytologic evaluation of bile should be considered in the routine assessment of dogs with hepatobiliary disease if immobile biliary sludge is present. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;246:982-989).
Chronic rejection of transplanted hearts (2001)

Despite the short-term success of heart transplantation, chronic rejection, or cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), remains the leading cause of allograft failure after the 1st posttransplant year. CAV is a diffuse concentric form of coronary atherosclerosis that occurs in 40 to 50% of heart transplant recipients within 5 years. CAV causes progressive obstruction of the coronary arteries, precipitating ischemic heart failure and sudden death. The mechanism of CAV is not completely defined but involves immune and nonimmune factors. The diagnosis of CAV remains challenging despite greater use of intravascular ultrasound. Unfortunately, no current medical regimen can reverse or completely prevent CAV. The effectiveness of revascularization procedures (angioplasty, stents, or bypass surgery) in CAV is severely limited by disease recurrence. Retransplantation also presents an ethical dilemma in the context of the donor organ shortage. Research directed at elucidating the mechanism of chronic rejection is needed to develop novel management options for CAV.
Deep patch-based priors under a fully convolutional encoder-decoder architecture for interstitial lung disease segmentation (2018)

International audience