gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Radiation Compaction of Vitreous Silica (1968)

The dilatations (negative) caused by neutrons, 40–600 keV electrons, 140 keV H+, D+, He+, and gamma rays are given as a function of dose and are compared. The presaturation dependence is linear for neutrons, He+, and D+, and depends on the 0.5–0.7 power of dose for H+, electrons, and gamma rays. The dilatations are not temperature dependent from about 0°–100°C, hence are not thermally activated. The dilatations are explained as compaction of the silica structure resulting from oxygens moving into some of the ``free volume,'' the structural change being similar to that occurring on pressure, shock, or thermal compaction of vitreous silica. The mechanism given for the neutron-induced compaction involves the state of high vibrational excitation developed in the slowing down of scattered atoms. The compaction by gamma rays, electrons, protons, or deuterons is explained as caused by transient ionization relaxing Si–O binding to permit oxygens to move into the ``free volume'' where they may be locked-in on recombination by similar incidents occurring nearby. The reduced power dependence is explained as a ``hardening'' effect; succeeding events are more difficult to perform or are performed with lower probability. The compaction caused by He+ (140 keV) seems to possess an equal contribution from ionization compaction and that caused by energy transfer to atomic vibrations.
A hybrid AlGaInAs-silicon evanescent waveguide photodetector (2007)

We report a waveguide photodetector utilizing a hybrid waveguide structure consisting of AlGaInAs quantum wells bonded to a silicon waveguide. The light in the hybrid waveguide is absorbed by the AlGaInAs quantum wells under reverse bias. The photodetector has a fiber coupled responsivity of 0.31 A/W with an internal quantum efficiency of 90 % over the 1.5 mum wavelength range. This photodetector structure can be integrated with silicon evanescent lasers for power monitors or integrated with silicon evanescent amplifiers for preamplified receivers.
Germline mutations of the MEN1 gene in Korean families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) or MEN1‐related disorders (2003)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a familial cancer syndrome characterized by the combined occurrence of tumours of the parathyroid glands, pancreatic islet cells and anterior pituitary gland. Mutation analysis of the MEN1 gene has enabled the genetic diagnosis of patients with MEN1. Two MEN1-related disorders - familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) and familial pituitary adenoma - are considered to be variants of MEN1, or at least to be incompletely expressed variants. Germline mutations of the MEN1 gene have been reported in some with FIHP, but familial pituitary adenoma usually lacks the MEN1 mutation and has been described as a genetically distinct disorder. In this work, we investigated five Korean families with MEN1, one family with FIHP and one family with familial pituitary adenoma. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and sequencing were used to detect the MEN1 mutations. Screening of the genetic variations of the MEN1 gene revealed four germline mutations in five typical MEN1 families. All four germline mutations led to truncated proteins or a change in the amino acids of the functional domains. In this study, we identified three novel MEN1 germline mutations (969C >A, 973G >C and 1213C >T) and one previously reported mutation (200-201insAGCCC). The frequency of the MEN1 germline mutation in Korean MEN1 families (four of five; 80%) was similar to those reported previously. In accordance with previous studies, no MEN1 germline mutation was detected in two families with FIHP or familial pituitary adenoma.
Quantitative structure—activity relationship study on the inhibitory effect of some herbicides on the growth of soil micro‐organisms (1995)

The effect of eight herbicides on the growth of six soil bacteria and three microscopic fungi, and on the amylase, cellulase and dehydrogenase activity in a Hungarian soil was determined. Herbicide decomposition rate in the soil was also assessed. Qualitative structure‐activity relationship (principal component analysis, spectral mapping technique and stepwise regression) analysis showed that the overwhelming majority (about 80%) of the effect of herbicides can be explained by one background variable showing the similarity between their mode of action. The two‐dimensional non‐linear map of principal component loadings and spectral map characteristics suggested that the number of substituents may be important in the determination of the toxic effects. The inhibition of bacterial growth, inhibition of fungal growth, and effects on enzyme activity and decomposition rate all formed different clusters on the maps indicating that herbicides influence these processes differently. Of the nine physicochemical parameters considered, only the electron withdrawing capacity of substituents significantly influenced the biological activity of herbicides, suggesting that electrostatic interactions between the herbicide molecules and micro‐organisms is important.
Loss of mouse epidermal protein kinase C isozyme activities following treatment with phorbol ester and non-phorbol ester tumor promoters (1994)

The present study has examined changes in activities and levels of four protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes (PKC alpha, PKC beta, PKC gamma and PKC delta) detectable in mouse epidermal preparations following both single and multiple treatments with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In addition, PKC epsilon and PKC eta protein levels were monitored by immunoblotting following TPA application. Finally, PKC isozyme activity profiles were also examined in epidermal preparations from mice treated with single applications of two non-phorbol ester tumor promoters: chrysarobin (CHRY) and okadaic acid (OA). Fifteen minutes following topical treatment with a tumor promoting dose of TPA (3.4 nmol), the activities of PKC beta and PKC gamma decreased in the epidermal cytosol to 30% and 50% of control values, respectively, while these activities were increased in the epidermal particulate fraction by approximately 50%. PKC delta activity, found predominantly in the particulate fraction of control epidermis, was greatly diminished in both subcellular fractions at 15 min while PKC alpha activity was translocated approximately 20% from cytosol to particulate fraction. Significant reductions in all four detectable PKC isozyme activities in both particulate and cytosol fractions were observed 48 h after a single treatment with TPA, although particulate PKC alpha activity appeared to be less affected at this point in time compared to the other PKC isozymes. Immunoblotting analyses of PKC isozyme protein levels after TPA treatment followed the changes in activity for cytosolic PKC alpha, PKC beta and PKC gamma. However, particulate PKC delta and PKC epsilon protein levels remained relatively unchanged while particulate PKC eta protein levels were significantly down-regulated after a single TPA treatment. Multiple topical treatments (twice-weekly for 2 weeks) with TPA produced a pattern of loss followed by only partial recovery of total PKC activity. Furthermore, all four PKC isozyme activities examined by hydroxylapatite (HA) chromatography were significantly reduced, including PKC alpha, after four applications of TPA. Cytosolic PKC alpha, PKC beta and PKC gamma protein levels as determined by immunoblotting again followed the activity profiles; particulate PKC eta protein levels were significantly reduced, whereas particulate PKC delta and PKC epsilon levels again appeared relatively unchanged. Fifteen minutes after topical application of 220 nmol CHRY, an approximately 25% decrease in particulate associated with PKC alpha activity was observed while particulate activities associated with PKC beta, PKC gamma and PKC delta were unaffected by CHRY at this time point.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Circumcision Complications Associated with the Plastibell Device and Conventional Dissection Surgery: A Trial of 586 Infants of Ages up to 12 Months (2008)

Conventional dissection surgery (CDS) or using the Plastibell device (PD) is the method most frequently employed for circumcision. The aim of this study was to evaluate two methods in terms of the incidence of complications in infants of ages up to 12 months. In a prospective study, 586 infants equal to or less than 12 months were studied from 2002 to 2008, and complications between the two groups were assessed. The overall rates of complications in CDS and PD groups were 1.95% and 7.08%, respectively. In each group, the rate of complications was not different among children who had a normal weight, compared to those of a lower or upper (10%) weight. There was a significant positive correlation between the age and weight of subjects within the time of ring separation (P < .001). The results of this study suggest the PD method for neonates and low-weight infants with thin prepuce and the CDS for other infants.
INVESTIGATION ON THERMAL RADIATION AND ITS CONTROL IN OFFICE SPACE (1986)

It is well known that radiation is a significant thermal environmental parameter, and operative temperature (OPT) is more closely related to human comfort than dry-bulb temperature. Thermal environmental design in office space, however, has not aimed at making OPT an object which should be controlled directly. The reason is due to the difficulty in practice, and hence, two methods of reducing thermal radiation in office space have been designed and tested, so that the thermal environment can be reasonably evaluated and controlled merely with dry-bulb temperature. The effects have been examined through field investigations and reported in this paper.
Robust rate-based Model Predictive Control of diesel engine air path (2014)

The paper presents the results of a robust Model Predictive Control (MPC) development for the diesel engine air path. The objective is to regulate the intake manifold pressure (MAP) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate to the specified set-points by coordinated control of the variable geometry turbine (VGT), EGR valve, and EGR throttle. The approach uses tube-MPC to robustly enforce state constraints in the presence of set-bounded engine speed and fueling disturbances. Furthermore, a rate-based formulation along with various approximations is applied to reduce the conservativeness and computational complexity of tube-MPC. The ability of the controller to handle input and output constraints is demonstrated in both nonlinear model simulations and experimental results.
Switching Processes in Cavitands, Containers and Capsules (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Switchable Covalently Constructed Cavitands and Container Molecules H-Bonded Molecular Capsules Assembly and Disassembly of Metal-Ion-Coordination Cages Conclusions Acknowledgements References
Scuffing Test Rig for Piston Wrist Pin and Pin Bore (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In practice, the piston wrist pin is either fixed to the connecting rod or floats between the connecting rod and the piston. The tribological behavior of fixed wrist pins have been studied by several researchers, however there have been few studies done on the floating wrist pin. A new bench rig has been designed and constructed to investigate the tribological behavior between floating pins and pin bore bearings. The experiments were run using both fixed pins and floating pins under the same working conditions. It was found that for fixed pins there was severe damage on the pin bore in a very short time (5 minutes) and material transfer occurs between the wrist pin and pin bore; however, for the floating pin, even after a long testing time (60 minutes) there was minimal surface damage on either the pin bore or wrist pin.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
CDKAL1 Drives the Maintenance of Cancer Stem‐Like Cells by Assembling the eIF4F Translation Initiation Complex (2023)

Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have a unique translation mode, but little is understood about the process of elongation, especially the contribution of tRNA modifications to the maintenance of CSCs properties. Here, it is reported that, contrary to the initial aim, a tRNA-modifying methylthiotransferase CDKAL1 promotes CSC-factor SALL2 synthesis by assembling the eIF4F translation initiation complex. CDKAL1 expression is upregulated in patients with worse prognoses and is essential for maintaining CSCs in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and common cancers. Translatome analysis reveals that a group of mRNAs whose translation is CDKAL1-dependent contains cytosine-rich sequences in the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR). Mechanistically, CDKAL1 promotes the translation of such mRNAs by organizing the eIF4F translation initiation complex. This complex formation does not require the enzyme activity of CDKAL1 but requires only the NH<sub>2</sub> -terminus domain of CDKAL1. Furthermore, sites in CDKAL1 essential for forming the eIF4F complex are identified and discovered candidate inhibitors of CDKAL1-dependent translation.
Device for nanoobject manipulation based on two-layer composite with shape memory (2016)

A device for gripping of microand nanoobjects (nanotweezers) with a working body made of bimetal composite (fast-quenched Ti2NiCu alloy with shape memory and platinum layer) is developed and studied. A method for manufacturing of the composite material using local ion etching and ion-stimulated deposition from gas phase is proposed. A structure of nanotweezers based on such a composite and experiments on gripping and displacement of submicron objects are presented.
Near-field Optical Measurements at the Liquid/Air Interface (1994)

Near-field optical microscopy offers the benefit of dramatically improved optical resolution [1] in exchange for working in close proximity (10-50nm) to a thin sample (&lt;20nm). Monolayers at the liquid/air interface fulfill the thin sample criterion and are spectroscopically disctict from the supporting liquid. However, the mobility of the interface suggests that when a tapered probe approaches closely, attractive forces may cause the interface to jump up and submerge the probe at probe-sample spacings much greater than the required working distance for near-field optics. We detect the evanescent field decay above the liquid/air interfaces for glycerol, mineral oil, and water. The ability to measure these evanescent decays demonstrates that near-field approach to the liquid/air interface is possible. The measured evanescent decay lengths agree well with the predicted values. The presence of gravity waves in deep (1-2 cm) liquid samples sets a lower limit on the distance of closest approach but does not prevent near-field measurements.
Short‐term and long‐term quality of life after neck dissection (2001)

Our results suggest that patients should receive preoperative counseling regarding the morbidities from ND and the possible short-term and long-term impact on QOL. Further studies evaluating the relationship between primary tumor characteristics and quality of life after ND need to be undertaken.
Catheter‐directed contrast‐enhanced coronary MR angiography in swine using magnetization‐prepared True‐FISP (2003)

Contrast-enhanced (CE) coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) following intraarterial (IA) injection of contrast agent was compared using two sequences in swine: magnetization-prepared fast imaging with steady-state precession (True-FISP), and magnetization-prepared fast low-angle shot (FLASH). Thick-slice projection images were acquired with submillimeter in-plane spatial resolution (0.9 x 0.8 mm(2)). The magnetization-preparation scheme provided a clear delineation of the major coronary arteries with excellent background suppression. The True-FISP acquisition resulted in an increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) by approximately a factor of 2 over FLASH (P < 0.05). Magnetization-prepared True-FISP is a promising technique for catheter-directed CE thick-slice projection coronary MRA.
The Absence of Myelin Basic Protein Reduces Non-Amyloidogenic Processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein (2021)

These findings suggest that in the absence of MBP, there is a marked reduction of nonamyloidogenic APP processing to sAPPα, and targeting myelin of oligodendrocytes may be a novel therapy for the prevention and treatment of AD.
Supplementary Table 6 from HIF Induces Human Embryonic Stem Cell Markers in Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Table 6 from HIF Induces Human Embryonic Stem Cell Markers in Cancer Cells
In Vivo Suppression of the Primary Immune Response by a Species of Low Density Serum Lipoprotein (1977)

An apparent subspecies of normal human serum low density lipoprotein (LDL-In) has been identified with suppressive activity for early or facilitating events of human lymphocyte mitogen and allogenic cells stimulation in vitro. This report describes the effects of in vivo administration of LDL-In on the mouse anti-SRBC immune response. Human LDL-In is not species specific and was capable of suppressing the in vivo mouse anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) hemagglutination response by 88% after the administration of 500 to 600 mug LDL-In IV, whereas human serum high density lipoproteins and fibrinogen had no effect. Maximal suppression occurred only when LDL-In was injected 24 to 48 hr before antigen administration. Simultaneous or subsequent injection of LDL-In had no effect. The activity of LDL-In was influenced by antigen dose and maximal at low antigen doses. The number of splenic plaque-forming cells was also reduced indicating a suppression of the clonal expansion of primary B cells to antibody-secreting cells rather than only suppression of antibody synthesis by differentiated B cells and their progeny. These observations suggest the hypothesis that endogenous LDL-In could play an important immunoregulatory role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and the "natural" suppression of non-productive lymphocyte proliferation.
Estimating job waiting times in production systems with cross-trained setup crews (2004)

We model a production system with multiple machines, each serving a variety of jobs. The machines require setups to switch from one job to another. Setup operations are performed by a limited number of setup crews who are cross-trained to perform all setup operations. We develop an approximation model that takes into account the effect of delays caused by unavailability of the setup crews, and obtain average job waiting times in the system. A numerical study demonstrates that our approximation performs very well. Our study also provides insights into the importance of explicitly modeling the effects of cross-trained setup crews on performance measures, and whether and when the cross-training of setup crews improves system performance.
Eye Care Use Among a High-Risk Diabetic Population Seen in a Public Hospital's Clinics (2013)

Overall eye care utilization rates were low. Additional education efforts to increase the perception of need among urban minority populations may be enhanced if focused on younger persons with diabetes.
Synthesis of Paspaline A and Emindole PB (2019)

Key words paspaline A - emindole PB - Friedel–Crafts cyclization - N-reverse prenylation - Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement
Investigating the function of Fc-specific binding of IgM toPlasmodium falciparumerythrocyte membrane protein 1 mediating erythrocyte rosetting (2014)

Acquired protection from Plasmodium falciparum malaria takes years to develop, probably reflecting the ability of the parasites to evade immunity. A recent example of this is the binding of the Fc region of IgM to VAR2CSA-type PfEMP1. This interferes with specific IgG recognition and phagocytosis of opsonized infected erythrocytes (IEs) without compromising the placental IE adhesion mediated by this PfEMP1 type. IgM also binds via Fc to several other PfEMP1 proteins, where it has been proposed to facilitate rosetting (binding of uninfected erythrocytes to a central IE). To further dissect the functional role of Fc -mediated IgM binding to PfEMP1, we studied the PfEMP1 protein HB3VAR06, which mediates rosetting and binds IgM. Binding of IgM to this PfEMP1 involved the Fc domains Cμ3-Cμ4 in IgM and the penultimate DBL domain (DBLζ2) at the C-terminus of HB3VAR06. However, IgM binding did not inhibit specific IgG labelling of HB3VAR06 or shield IgG-opsonized IEs from phagocytosis. Instead, IgM was required for rosetting, and each pentameric IgM molecule could bind two HB3VAR06 molecules. Together, our data indicate that the primary function of Fc -mediated IgM binding in rosetting is not to shield IE from specific IgG recognition and phagocytosis as in VAR2CSA-type PfEMP1. Rather, the function appears to be strengthening of IE-erythrocyte interactions. In conclusion, our study provides new evidence on the molecular details and functional significance of rosetting, a long-recognized marker of parasites that cause severe P. falciparum malaria.
The Biomechanical Effects of Cervical Multilevel Oblique Corpectomy (2004)

In Brief Study Design. A repeated-measures flexibility test was performed in vitro using human cadaveric spines. Objectives. To compare changes in cervical biomechanics associated with multilevel oblique corpectomy and standard grafted corpectomy with or without plating. Summary of Background Data. Standard multilevel plated and unplated corpectomies are susceptible to instability in vitro. The authors are unaware of any previous research on the biomechanics of multilevel oblique corpectomy. Methods. Six human cadaveric cervical spine specimens (C3–T1) were tested: 1) normal; 2) after 2-level multilevel oblique corpectomy; 3) after expanding multilevel oblique corpectomy to represent standard grafted and plated corpectomy; and 4) after removing the anterior plate. Pure moments were applied to induce flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation while recording motion stereophotogrammetrically. Results. Compared to normal, the range of motion after multilevel oblique corpectomy increased 15% during flexion, 18% during extension, 11% during lateral bending, and 18% during axial rotation. These increases were about one-third of the increases observed after standard corpectomy without plating. Multilevel oblique corpectomy caused few alterations in locations of axes of rotation and coupling patterns, whereas standard corpectomy with or without plating significantly altered these parameters in several instances. Conclusions. Multilevel oblique corpectomy (without graft) induced significantly less instability and altered kinematics less than standard unplated corpectomy with graft. Multilevel oblique corpectomy allowed significantly more motion than standard plated corpectomy with graft. However, the goal of standard corpectomy is fusion. Our results indicate that plating significantly limits spinal mobility after 2-level corpectomy, improving the environment for fusion. Cervical multilevel oblique corpectomy was compared to standard corpectomy and graft with and without plating in vitro. The instability after multilevel oblique corpectomy without graft was one-third of the instability after standard corpectomy with graft. Alterations in kinematics were less severe in multilevel oblique corpectomy than in standard corpectomy.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from TGFβ-induced SMAD4-dependent Apoptosis Proceeded by EMT in CRC (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods&lt;/p&gt;