gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor mediates estradiol-induced dendritic spine formation in hippocampal neurons (1998)

Dendritic spines are of major importance in information processing and memory formation in central neurons. Estradiol has been shown to induce an increase of dendritic spine density on hippocampal neurons in vivo and in vitro. The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) recently has been implicated in neuronal maturation, plasticity, and regulation of GABAergic interneurons. We now demonstrate that estradiol down-regulates BDNF in cultured hippocampal neurons to 40% of control values within 24 hr of exposure. This, in turn, decreases inhibition and increases excitatory tone in pyramidal neurons, leading to a 2-fold increase in dendritic spine density. Exogenous BDNF blocks the effects of estradiol on spine formation, and BDNF depletion with a selective antisense oligonucleotide mimics the effects of estradiol. Addition of BDNF antibodies also increases spine density, and diazepam, which facilitates GABAergic neurotransmission, blocks estradiol-induced spine formation. These observations demonstrate a functional link between estradiol, BDNF as a potent regulator of GABAergic interneurons, and activity-dependent formation of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons.
Frequency-domain single-channel inverse filtering for speech dereverberation: Theory and practice (2014)

The objective of single-channel inverse filtering is to design an inverse filter that achieves dereverberation while being robust to an inaccurate room impulse response (RIR) measurement or estimate. Since a stable and causal inverse filter typically does not exist, approximate time-domain inverse filtering techniques such as singlechannel least-squares (SCLS) have been proposed. However, besides being computationally expensive and often infeasible, SCLS generally leads to distortions in the output signal in the presence of RIR inaccuracies. In this paper, a theoretical analysis is initially provided, showing that the direct inversion of the acoustic transfer function in the frequency-domain generally yields instability and acausality issues. In order to resolve these issues, a novel frequency-domain inverse filtering technique is proposed that incorporates regularization and uses a single-channel speech enhancement scheme. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique yields a higher dereverberation performance and has a significantly lower computational complexity compared to the SCLS technique.
The artificial heart-- past, present, and future. (2002)

Patients with advanced congestive heart failure have a very high 5-year mortality despite medical treatment. In such patients, heart transplantation is the treatment of choice. The number of patients awaiting transplantation is several-fold higher than the number of procedures performed. Heart transplantation therapy has numerous limitations and is associated with serious complications. The left ventricular assist device is a step towards this goal. It can be attached to the weakened left ventricle to temporarily increase blood flow to the body. The use of left ventricular assist devices helps the failing heart to recover and extends the duration over which a patient's heart can wait for a replacement donor heart. This therapy is in use for only up to a few months. The total artificial heart, Jarvik-7, first implanted in 1982, did not succeed due to a poor quality of a patient's life and numerous complications leading to death. Recently, a successful implantation of the AbioCor (Abiomed), the first fully implantable replacement heart, was accomplished. The AbioCor's internal battery system eliminates the need for the patient to be permanently immobilized through tubes or wires connected to an external power source. Innovative transcutaneous energy transmission permits the recharging of internal batteries. The total artificial heart will require adapting it to different human body sizes as well as further improving its technical features. The total artificial heart is a remedy of the future coming to fruition right now, giving a chance to numerous heart failure patients by extending and improving their lives.
Quantitative Studies of the Interactions of Metalloproteins with Gold Nanoparticles: Identification of Dominant Properties of the Protein that Underlies the Spectral Changes (2009)

The interaction of cytochrome C and a number of its components such as the apo protein, heme and a coordinated iron with gold nanospheres, has been investigated. The role of the heme group and its effect on the observed spectroscopic properties following binding of cytochrome C to the gold surface has been evaluated. Binding of the heme group directly to the gold is not observed, but the presence of the heme group and its effect on the interaction with the metal surface is shown to be influential. Other factors such as the metal oxidation state and the metal-free heme are also studied. A comparison to serum albumin binding as a nonmetallic protein provides further insight into the interaction characteristics.
A 600MHz MTJ-based nonvolatile latch making use of incubation time in MTJ switching (2011)

The incubation (transit) time of the perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is found shorter (longer) than the in-plane MTJ. By making use of the incubation time, a new concept is proposed for MTJ/CMOS hybrid circuits that operate as fast as CMOS circuits without operation power overhead and with negligible MTJ switching error. A nonvolatile latch based on the concept is fabricated in 90nm technology to demonstrate 600MHz stable operation.
The Staining Pattern of Collagen Fibrils: I. an Analysis of Electron Micrographs (1974)

AbstractElectron micrographs of calf-skin collagen in the reconstituted native-type fibril and the segmented long spacing (SLS) forms are matched with one another and with the distribution of charged residues in the known α1 chain sequence.It is shown that:a) the pattern of bands in SLS corresponds closely with the charge distribution in the sequenceb) most of the bands in the fibril pattern can be matched in position (but not in intensity) to bands in the SLS pattern, confirming a substantial measure of matching of charged regions with charged regions (and therefore of hydrophobic regions with hydrophobic regions) on assembly of molecules into fibrilsc) when the al chain sequences are regularly staggered by 233 residues (to simulate the postulated packing in a fibril) the greatest concentrations of charged residues occur in regions which correspond closely with the bands in positively stained fibrilsd) the positions of the abrupt contrast steps(the overlaplgap junctions) in the image of a negatively contrasted fibril lie slightly inside the positions predicted by the sequence, indicating a more condensed conformation for the extra-helical telopeptides. This could be a consequence of the methods used for the preparation and examination of the specimen. The ratio of molecular length to fibril period is therefore uncertain in the range 4.40 to 4.53.
Novel Sparteine-Mediated Enantio-Dichotomic Formal Synthesis of (R)-(−)- and (S)-(+)-Curcuphenol (2001)

High and opposite enantiodiscriminations were observed between tertiary amides and secondary amides in the sparteine-mediated lateral metalation-allylation of 2-ethyl-m-toluamide derivatives (2a, 2e). The results described above have been applied for the formal synthesis of both enantiomers of curcuphenol. The brief mechanistic studies suggested that stereoinformation was introduced after the deprotonation step.
Fluid Flow Modelling of an Automotive Engine Lubrication System (1993)

Abstract A computer model has been developed to provide a design analysis tool for assessing the flow characteristics of an engine lubrication system. Parametric studies can be conducted to predict the pressure and flow of oil throughout the lubrication system and to study the effects of various design parameters and operating conditions. This paper reports on the development of the engine lubrication system flow model at the Advanced Technology Centre in collaboration with Jaguar Cars. The results of the simulation model are assessed and its future potential as a computer aided analysis tool for engine development programmes is examined.
Geomechanic Interferometry: Theory and Application to Time-Lapse InSAR Data for Separating Displacement Signal Between Overburden and Reservoir Sources (2022)

Abstract Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data provides a measurement of the Earth's surface displacements to monitor reservoir stresses, fluid pressure and volume changes. However, the InSAR measurements may suffer from poor sensitivity and resolution. To improve the sensitivity of the InSAR data and localize the effects of the near-surface overburden, we employ a Green's function retrieval (GFR) approach that uses time-lapse InSAR data. In this work, we derive the equations and compute the sensitivity between InSAR displacements caused by the reservoir changes with respect to observation points (i.e., virtual sources) at the surface. We present this method with time-lapse InSAR data from an oil field in the San-Joaquin Valley to demonstrate improved resolution of the GFR-InSAR measurements for subsurface imaging and continuous reservoir monitoring with applications to development, production, and subsurface integrity.
Mechanism of Synthesis of 10-Å Hydrated Kaolinite (1985)

Abstract The synthesis of 10-Å hydrated kaolinite was accomplished by: (1) direct reaction of HF with a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-kaolinite intercalate and water washing; (2) methanol washing of a DMSO-kaolinite intercalate followed by reaction with any alkali fluoride salt and water washing; and (3) room-temperature (RT) water-washing of a methanol-washed DMSO-kaolinite intercalate. In all syntheses the optimum yield required a kaolinite in which DMSO was bound strongly to the interlayer surface. In the first synthesis, water inclusion between clay layers appeared to be facilitated by the reduction of cohesive interlayer forces brought about by replacement of surface and edge OH − by F − . The fluorination reaction was accomplished either by direct reaction of HF or by HF produced through the hydrolysis of NH 4 F at 60°C. In the second synthesis, intercalated DMSO was replaced by methanol. F − solvated readily in methanol but not in DMSO. Consequently, F − produced through hydrolysis of the alkali fluoride salt entered the interlayer space and contributed to the fluorination reaction. Furthermore, the diffusion of methanol out of the interlayer space during the RT-washing step was slowed by F≈ solvation which aided the exchange of methanol for water. High yields of 10-Å kaolinite hydrate were obtained irrespective of choice of alkali fluoride salt. The third synthesis was dependent on matching the diffusion of methanol out of the interlayer space with diffusion of water into this space. At room temperature the diffusion rates were close enough to maintain the clay in the expanded state throughout the hydration process, and high yields of 10-Å kaolinite hydrate were obtained. At 60°C the diffusion rates were too dissimilar, and very low yields of hydrate were obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Amino Acid Derivatives via the Stereoselective Alkylation of a Homochiral Glycine Enolate Synthon. (1990)

Abstract The phenylglycinol (I) is cyclized with the bromoacetate (II) to form the chiral tetrahydrooxazinone (III) which is N‐protected, yielding the derivatives (V).
Cancer Classification from DNA Microarray Data using mRMR and Artificial Neural Network (2019)

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body and is a major death cause nowadays. It is notable that cancer treatment is much easier in the initial stage rather than it outbreaks. DNA microarray based gene expression profiling has become efficient technique for cancer identification in early stage and a number of studies are available in this regard. Existing methods used different feature selection methods to select relevant genes and then employed distinct classifiers to identify cancer. This study considered information theoretic based minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) method to select important genes and then employed artificial neural network (ANN) for cancer classification. Proposed mRMR-ANN method has been tested on a suite of benchmark datasets of various cancer. Experimental results revealed the proposed method as an effective method for cancer classification when performance compared with several related exiting methods.
MicroRNAs and their involvement in T-ALL: A brief overview (2019)

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy in which the transformed clone is arrested during T-cell development. Several genetic and epigenetic events have been implicated in this transformation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that primarily function as endogenous translational repressors of protein-coding genes. The involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of cancer progression is well-established, namely by down-regulating the expression of key oncogenes or tumor suppressors and thereby preventing or promoting tumorigenesis, respectively. Similar to other cancers, several miRNA genes have been identified and implicated in the context of T-ALL. In this review we focused on the most studied microRNAs associated with T-ALL pathogenesis.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Isoindolo[1,2-b]quinazolinone and Isoindolo[2,1-a]benzimidazole Derivatives Related to the Antitumor Agent Batracylin (1994)

The synthesis and pharmacological activity of isoindolo[1,2-b]quinazolin-12(10H)-ones and isoindolo[2,1-a]benzimidazoles related to batracylin are described. The acute toxicity of batracyclin has been associated with the formation of its N-acetyl metabolite which is a potent inducer of unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes. The desamino derivative and the 8-aza analog of batracylin retained the ability to inhibit topoisomerase II but did not induce unscheduled DNA synthesis. While less active than batracylin, these analogs were cytotoxic to CCRF CEM leukemia cells. The isoindolo[2,1-a]benzimidazole derivatives were inactive as topoisomerase II inhibitors and, in general, failed to exhibit comparable antitumor activity or to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis.
Mycobacteria in boreal coniferous forest soils (2006)

The occurrence of mycobacteria was studied in organic horizons of coniferous forest soils in Finland and related to environmental variables, i.e. plate counts of other heterotrophic bacteria, microbial respiration rate, chemical soil characteristics, vegetational characteristics and climatic conditions in the study period. Mycobacteria were isolated from all samples (n=47), with plate counts varying from 4.5×104 to 1.2×106 cfu g−1 dry soil. The plate counts of mycobacteria correlated positively with those of other heterotrophic bacteria, microbial respiration rate and the contents of Ca and Mn. In factor analysis, the viable counts of mycobacteria and other heterotrophic bacteria, and respiration rate were grouped in the same factor emphasizing that mycobacteria and other heterotrophic bacteria had similar associations with environmental characteristics. The plate counts of mycobacteria and other heterotrophic bacteria and microbial respiration rate were similar in organic horizons of pine and spruce dominated forests. The large number of mycobacteria in all organic horizons indicates that boreal coniferous forest soils are important sources for these bacteria.
Evaluating Different Techniques for Constraining Lower Atmospheric Variability in an Upper Atmosphere General Circulation Model: A Case Study During the 2010 Sudden Stratospheric Warming (2018)

Abstract We analyze the effects specified dynamics (SD) and 4D Tendency nudging have on accurately reproducing the middle and upper atmospheric variability induced by the 2010 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event in the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME‐GCM). TIME‐GCM numerical experiments were performed using constrained middle atmospheric winds and temperatures from a high‐altitude version of the Navy Global Environmental Model to compare the previously implemented SD scheme, with the newly implemented 4D Tendency scheme. Model comparisons focused on zonal mean winds, composition, planetary waves, and tides in the thermosphere‐ionosphere system. Through 4D Tendency nudging we reveal that coupling coefficients of the one‐way SD coupling approach between the TIME‐GCM and observed SSW conditions were too strong. Prior implementations produced unusually strong vertical shears in the zonal mean winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), where the model is free running. Differences in zonal mean MLT winds between SD and 4D Tendency nudging simulations resulted in migrating diurnal (DW1) and semidiurnal (SW2) tidal amplitude differences at lower thermospheric altitudes. The consequences of simulating different MLT dynamics using SD and 4D Tendency nudging in the overlaying ionosphere are reported and validated using electron density data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate satellites. Although we demonstrate that SD and 4D Tendency nudging techniques are approximately equivalent, results presented herein establish that 4D Tendency nudging has the added potential to identify physical model parameters that contribute to data‐model differences during the 2010 SSW.
Improvement of three simultaneous speech recognition by using AV integration and scattering theory for humanoid. (2003)

This paper presents improvement of recognition of three simultaneous speeches for a humanoid robot with a pair of microphones. In such situations, sound separation and automatic speech recognition (ASR) of the separated speech are difficult, because the number of simultaneous talkers exceeds that of its microphones, the signal-to-noise ratio is quite low (around-3 dB) and noise is not stable due to interfering voices. To improve recognition of three simultaneous speeches, two key ideas are introduced --- acoustical modeling of robot head by scattering theory and two-layered audio-visual integration in both name and location, that is, speech and face recognition, and speech and face localization. Sound sources are separated in real-time by an active direction-pass filter (ADPF), which extracts sounds from a specified direction by using interaural phase/intensity difference estimated by scattering theory. Since features of sounds separated by ADPF vary according to the sound direction, multiple Direction- and Speaker-dependent (DS-dependent) acoustic models are used. The system integrates ASR results by using the sound direction and speaker information by face recognition as well as confidence measure of ASR results to select the best one. The resulting system shows around 10% improvement on average against recognition of three simultaneous speeches, where three talkers were located 1 meter from the humanoid and apart from each other by 0 to 90 degrees at 10-degree intervals.
Inhibiting glycolytic metabolism enhances CD8+ T cell memory and antitumor function (2013)

Naive CD8+ T cells rely upon oxidation of fatty acids as a primary source of energy. After antigen encounter, T cells shift to a glycolytic metabolism to sustain effector function. It is unclear, however, whether changes in glucose metabolism ultimately influence the ability of activated T cells to become long-lived memory cells. We used a fluorescent glucose analog, 2-NBDG, to quantify glucose uptake in activated CD8+ T cells. We found that cells exhibiting limited glucose incorporation had a molecular profile characteristic of memory precursor cells and an increased capacity to enter the memory pool compared with cells taking up high amounts of glucose. Accordingly, enforcing glycolytic metabolism by overexpressing the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase-1 severely impaired the ability of CD8+ T cells to form long-term memory. Conversely, activation of CD8+ T cells in the presence of an inhibitor of glycolysis, 2-deoxyglucose, enhanced the generation of memory cells and antitumor functionality. Our data indicate that augmenting glycolytic flux drives CD8+ T cells toward a terminally differentiated state, while its inhibition preserves the formation of long-lived memory CD8+ T cells. These results have important implications for improving the efficacy of T cell-based therapies against chronic infectious diseases and cancer.
J025013 2D computer simulation of thrombus formation in right atrium of single ventricle (2011)

A two-dimensional computer simulation of thrombus formation under the blood flow was carried out for a right atrium after univentricular Fontan conversion using a particle method. A thrombus formation and its growth were modeled by connection of thrombus components by hypothetical aggregation forces. As a result of simulation, a circulating flow occurred at a corner of the right atrium, and the blood was stagnant there. In the circulating and stagnant flow, a small thrombus was connected with another thrombus by hypothetical aggregation forces, and they grew to a large thrombus. A greater aggregation force caused a growth of a larger thrombus, which was a result from a balance between a fluid force and an aggregation force applied to the thrombus.
Linguistically Motivated Information Retrieval (1999)

Information Retrieval (IR) has been developed to provide practical solutions tp people&amp;apos;s need to find desired information...
Correction: Recent Developments and Therapeutic Strategies against Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2019)

In the original version of [this article][1] ([1][2]), authors Thomas Karasic and Jeffrey Meyer are mistakenly omitted from the author list. This error has been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the article and the author contributions and disclosures have been updated as
Characterization of MAO‐Modified Silicas for Ethylene Polymerization (2013)

ABSTRACT A series of methylaluminoxane (MAO)‐modified PQ and EP 12 silicas, calcined at 110, 250, and 450°C, were prepared. The resulting MAO‐modified supports were characterized by a set of complementary techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX), small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The Al/Si ratios of the MAO‐modified PQ and EP12 silicas were in the ranges of 0.19–0.27 wt % and 0.17–0.30 wt %, respectively. MAO‐modified silicas were used in the polymerization of ethylene using an Et 2 IndZrCl 2 catalyst. The MAO‐modified PQ silica showed higher activity in comparison to the MAO‐modified EP12. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4568–4575, 2013
Built-in reseeding for serial BIST (2003)

Reseeding is used to improve fault coverage in BIST pseudo-random testing. Most of the work done on reseeding is based on storing the seeds in an external tester. Besides its high cost, testing using automatic test equipment (ATE) makes it hard to test the circuit while in the system. In this paper, we present a technique for built-in reseeding. Our technique requires no storage for the seeds. The seeds are encoded in hardware. The seeds we use are deterministic so 100% fault coverage can be achieved. Our technique causes no performance overhead and does not change the original circuit under test. Also, the technique we present is applicable for transition faults as well as single-stuck-at faults. Built-in reseeding is based on expanding every seed to as many ATPG patterns as possible. This is different from many existing reseeding techniques that expand every seed into a single ATPG pattern. This paper presents the built-in reseeding algorithm together with a hardware synthesis algorithm and implementation.