gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WAXS studies on crystalline behavior of polymethyl methacrylate-polyethylene oxide graft copolymers and their ionic complexes (1991)

Abstract A graphical multiple-peak resolution method for wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) patterns is described and used to estimate the apparent crystallinities relative to the entire sample (Xca) in polymethyl methacrylate-polyethylene oxide graft copolymers (PMMA-g-PEO) and their ionic complexes with LiClO4, KSCN and FeCl2. The crystallinities (Xcg) and crystallite sizes (L 120) in the PEO graft component, alone, were estimated at the same time. A concept of “reduced degree of crystallinity (Rc)” and “critical PEO content” is proposed and applied as a yardstick of the effects of PMMA backbone chains and salts on the crystalline behavior of the PEO graft chains. Xca and Xcg increase with both the content and molecular weight of the PEO graft chains. The critical PEO content, below which PEO crystallinity is not seen, is about 23.7%. PMMA backbone chains can reduce the crystallization of the PEO graft chains at any given PEO content. Xca and Xcg diminish after complexing with the salts and the order of reducing crystallinity is: LiClO4 > KSCN > FeCl2; salts have two inverse effects, reduction and promotion, on the crystallization of the PEO graft chains. The salt effects depend on the salt concentrations and coordination of the cations. The crystallite sizes in the PEO graft chains are smaller than those in the PEO homopolymers but increase after complexing with salts. The PEO crystallite sizes are not noticeably affected by the content and molecular weight of the PEO graft chains but are noticeably affected by salt concentration.
Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Differentially Facilitate Leukocyte Recruitment and Utilize Chemokines for T Cell Migration (2008)

Endothelial cells that functionally express blood brain barrier (BBB) properties are useful surrogates for studying leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions at the BBB. In this study, we compared two different endothelial cellular models: transfected human brain microvascular endothelial cells (THBMECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). With each grow under optimal conditions, confluent THBMEC cultures showed continuous occludin and ZO-1 immunoreactivity, while HUVEC cultures exhibited punctate ZO-1 expression at sites of cell-cell contact only. Confluent THBMEC cultures on 24-well collagen-coated transwell inserts had significantly higher transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and lower solute permeability than HUVECs. Confluent THBMECs were more restrictive for mononuclear cell migration than HUVECs. Only THBMECs utilized abluminal CCL5 to facilitate T-lymphocyte migration in vitro although both THBMECs and HUVECs employed CCL3 to facilitate T cell migration. These data establish baseline conditions for using THBMECs to develop in vitro BBB models for studying leukocyte-endothelial interactions during neuroinflammation.
A Disposable Microfluidic Chip for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Plasma Biomarkers (2014)

A microfluidic system for rapid and quantitative detection of plasma biomarkers from patients at intensive care units is presented. The system integrates a magnetic bead based immunoassay onto a microfluidic disposable chip. Biomarker concentrations down to 10 pg/mL were detected within 40 minutes with the presented system. Chemiluminescence is used as detection method, which enables signal readout with a lens-less photodiode as optical detection unit. Due to the combination of an efficient detection system and simple chip fabrication, our system fulfills the requirements for a potential point-of-care device: cost efficiency, speed, and high sensitivity.
The Impact of Pulse Charging Parameters on the Life Cycle of Lithium-Ion Polymer Batteries (2018)

The pulse charging algorithm is seen as a promising battery charging technique to satisfy the needs of electronic device consumers to have fast charging and increased battery charge and energy efficiencies. However, to get the benefits of pulse charging, the pulse charge current parameters have to be chosen carefully to ensure optimal battery performance and also extend the life cycle of the battery. The impact of pulse charge current factors on the life cycle and battery characteristics are seldom investigated. This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of pulse charge current factors, such as frequency and duty cycle, on the life cycle and impedance parameters of lithium-ion polymer batteries (LiPo) while using a design of experiments approach, Taguchi orthogonal arrays. The results are compared with the benchmark constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) charging algorithm and it is observed that by using a pulse charger at optimal parameters, the cycle life of a LiPo battery can be increased by as much as 100 cycles. It is also determined that the duty cycle of the pulse charge current has the most impact on the cycle life of the battery. The battery impedance characteristics were also examined by using non-destructive techniques, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and it was determined that the ambient temperature at which the battery was charged had the most effect on the battery impedance parameters.
Foundations of Higher Radix Numeric Computation (2008)

Radix arithmetic is based on radix polynomials with addition and multiplication being polynomial arithmetic. The distinguishing feature of radix polynomials is the carry operation which identifies congruent radix polynomials modulo (x - r) where the constant r is the radix. The carry operation can be employed to reduce the range of coefficients of polynomials over the integers to prescribed "digit sets" which may provide canonical representations or allow redundancy. We describe choices of digit sets for higher radices employed to allow more efficient hardware depending on properties of the circuitry, whether binary or multi-valued. We describe current applications of non standard digit sets in commodity microprocessors. We close with some observations on a discrete log representation of integers where the logarithmic base is a small prime.
A semiparametric model for accurate camera response function modeling and exposure estimation from comparametric data (2005)

A fundamentally new approach that accurately estimates the camera response function from comparametric data, i.e., pixel data from two differently exposed images over a common field of view, is presented. It does so by solving for the camera response function from its associated comparametric relation. The approach offers several advantageous features, including having a complexity that is independent of the number of pixel data considered, allowing for the modeling of saturated pixels, enabling an inherently constrained optimization problem to be solved in an unconstrained manner, and the easy incorporation into an existing framework for joint image registration. This is accomplished by approximating the camera response function with a constrained piecewise linear model so that its solution, within the comparametric camera relation, can be obtained. This results in a semiparametric comparametric model, optimally determined from pixel data, which is directly parameterized in terms of the exposure parameter. Subsequently, it is shown how this semiparametric model is used for exposure estimation from captured images. Finally, we incorporate the semiparametric model within an existing and previously published framework for simultaneous and joint spatial and tonal image registration in order to illustrate the developed model's performance.
National Assistive Technology Research Institute (2001)

The Office of Special Education Programs, U. S. Department of Education, provided four years of funding to establish a National Assistive Technology Research Institute (NATRI) at the University of Kentucky. The primary goals of NATRI are to examine factors related to the planning, development, implementation, and evaluation of assistive technology (AT) services in schools, and to disseminate the findings in ways that will assist school personnel to develop or improve AT policies and practices for students with disabilities. Seven areas of research will be addressed: (a) status of AT use in schools, (b) policies, procedures, and resources that school districts use, (c) AT decisions made by individualized education programs (IEP) teams, (d) training and technical support needed by service providers, (e) integration of AT into learning environments, (f) effectiveness of AT on the academic, social, and functional performance of students, and (g) preparation of professionals in AT. The primary research questions and methodologies being used to conduct research in the seven areas are described. An overview of dissemination procedures also is provided and ways that people can, participate in NATRI research activities are explained.
Hybridization modeling of oligonucleotide SNP arrays for accurate DNA copy number estimation (2009)

Affymetrix SNP arrays have been widely used for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype calling and DNA copy number variation inference. Although numerous methods have achieved high accuracy in these fields, most studies have paid little attention to the modeling of hybridization of probes to off-target allele sequences, which can affect the accuracy greatly. In this study, we address this issue and demonstrate that hybridization with mismatch nucleotides (HWMMN) occurs in all SNP probe-sets and has a critical effect on the estimation of allelic concentrations (ACs). We study sequence binding through binding free energy and then binding affinity, and develop a probe intensity composite representation (PICR) model. The PICR model allows the estimation of ACs at a given SNP through statistical regression. Furthermore, we demonstrate with cell-line data of known true copy numbers that the PICR model can achieve reasonable accuracy in copy number estimation at a single SNP locus, by using the ratio of the estimated AC of each sample to that of the reference sample, and can reveal subtle genotype structure of SNPs at abnormal loci. We also demonstrate with HapMap data that the PICR model yields accurate SNP genotype calls consistently across samples, laboratories and even across array platforms.
Query-Aware Anonymization in Location-Based Service (2011)

Query privacy protection is an important part of the privacy protection in LBS. Currently, query privacy protection mainly consider the two typical attack models: query sampling attack and query homogeneity attack. The two attack model can be prevented by ensuring that cloaking regions satisfy ksharing property or l-diversity property, however, when the overall POI (point of interests)distribution is non-uniform, attackers may still infer a specific user's query content with a high probability, which we refer to as skew attack. To address this issue, we modify the t-closeness model which is widely used in the data privacy protection, then we propose the QueryAwareCloak algorithm which is query-aware when generating cloaking regions. Finally, we verify the validation and effectiveness of the model and algorithm by experiments.
Four-, Five- and Six-Coordinated ZnII Complexes of OH-Containing Ligands: Syntheses, Structure and Reactivity (2002)

Four-, five- and six-coordinated complexes of ZnII with OH-rich molecules possessing an ONO binding core were synthesized, characterized and their structures were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The corresponding metal ion geometries were found to be distorted tetrahedral, square pyramidal and octahedral, respectively. The complexes exhibit interesting lattice structures such as layered and corrugated sheets owing to the presence of a number of weak intermolecular interactions. The five-coordinated, water-bound ZnII complex was studied because of its putative hydrolysis property towards p-nitrophenyl acetate. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
Development and high stress abrasive wear behavior of milled carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy gradient composites (2008)

Abstract Milled carbon fiber‐reinforced polysulfide‐modified epoxy gradient composites have been developed. Density and hardness increases with the increase of carbon fiber content in the direction of centrifugal force, which shows the formation of gradient structure in the composite. High stress abrasive wear test was conducted on the gradient composites by using a Suga Abrasion Wear Tester. Abrasive wear rate reduced on increase of milled carbon fiber content from 0.15 to 1.66 vol%. Reduction in abrasive wear rate in milled carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy gradient composites has been attributed to the increase of hardness, presence of random milled fibers, and debris of composite materials, which gave resistance and reduced wear rate. There is a small decrease in specific wear rate on adding 0.15 vol% milled carbon fibers. Further decrease of specific wear rate is observed on adding 0.45 vol% milled carbon fibers. After 3 N load, there is a decrease in specific wear rate behavior on adding 0.45 vol% carbon fibers, which further decreases on adding 0.60 vol% of carbon fibers. There is a remarkable decrease in specific wear rate up to 5 N load for 1.66 vol% milled carbon fiber‐reinforced composite. Reduction in specific wear rate on adding milled carbon fibers is based on the formation of debris, which remained intact in their respective positions due to the interfacial adhesion between milled carbon fibers and epoxy resin. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Clay-based grouting for excavation damage zone around the tunnel (2006)

高レベル放射性廃棄物の地層処分においては，坑道周辺に生じる掘削影響領域が周辺の岩盤よりも透水性が大きいために核種が選択的に移行する経路になる可能性がある．掘削影響領域の透水性を低下させる技術としてグラウトが考えられ，周辺のバリア性能へ影響を考慮するとグラウト材料として粘土系材料を選択することが望ましい．この粘土グラウトの掘削影響領域への適用性や透水性低下性能を把握するために，原位置における適用試験と試験結果のモデル化を行った．この結果，粘土グラウトによる掘削影響領域の目詰まり機構を把握することができ，粘土グラウトの注入効率において最適な注入濃度が存在することが示された．
Statistical Debugging: A Hypothesis Testing-Based Approach (2006)

Manual debugging is tedious, as well as costly. The high cost has motivated the development of fault localization techniques, which help developers search for fault locations. In this paper, we propose a new statistical method, called SOBER, which automatically localizes software faults without any prior knowledge of the program semantics. Unlike existing statistical approaches that select predicates correlated with program failures, SOBER models the predicate evaluation in both correct and incorrect executions and regards a predicate as fault-relevant if its evaluation pattern in incorrect executions significantly diverges from that in correct ones. Featuring a rationale similar to that of hypothesis testing, SOBER quantifies the fault relevance of each predicate in a principled way. We systematically evaluate SOBER under the same setting as previous studies. The result clearly demonstrates the effectiveness: SOBER could help developers locate 68 out of the 130 faults in the Siemens suite by examining no more than 10 percent of the code, whereas the cause transition approach proposed by Holger et al. [2005] and the statistical approach by Liblit et al. [2005] locate 34 and 52 faults, respectively. Moreover, the effectiveness of SOBER is also evaluated in an "imperfect world", where the test suite is either inadequate or only partially labeled. The experiments indicate that SOBER could achieve competitive quality under these harsh circumstances. Two case studies with grep 2.2 and bc 1.06 are reported, which shed light on the applicability of SOBER on reasonably large programs
Frequent IgE recognition of Blomia tropicalis allergen molecules in asthmatic children and young adults in equatorial Africa (2023)

Our results thus demonstrate that IgE sensitization to mite allergens is very prevalent in asthmatics in Equatorial Africa with B. tropicalis allergen molecules representing the most important ones associated with allergic asthma.
Thermal Design and Testing of a Passive Helmet Heat Exchanger With Additively Manufactured Components (2018)

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes allow for complex geometries to be developed in a cost- and time-efficient manner in small-scale productions. The unique functionality of AM offers an ideal collaboration between specific applications of human variability and thermal management. This research investigates the intersection of AM, human variability and thermal management in the development of a military helmet heat exchanger. A primary aim of this research was to establish the effectiveness of AM components in thermal applications based on material composition. Using additively manufactured heat pipe holders, the thermal properties of a passive evaporative cooler are tested for performance capability with various heat pipes over two environmental conditions. This study conducted a proof-of-concept design for a passive helmet heat exchanger, incorporating AM components as both the heat pipe holders and the cushioning material targeting internal head temperatures of ≤ 35°C. Copper heat pipes from 3 manufactures with three lengths were analytically simulated and experimentally tested for their effectiveness in the helmet design. A total of 12 heat pipes were tested with 2 heat pipes per holder in a lateral configuration inside a thermal environmental chamber. Two 25-hour tests in an environmental chamber were conducted evaluating temperature (25°C, 45°C) and relative humidity (25%, 50%) for the six types of heat pipes and compared against the analytical models of the helmet heat exchangers. Many of the heat pipes tested were good conduits for moving the heat from the head to the evaporative wicking material. All heat pipes had Coefficients of Performance under 3.5 when tested with the lateral system. Comparisons of the analytical and experimental models show the need for the design to incorporate a re-wetting reservoir. This work on a 2-dimensional system establishes the basis for design improvements and integration of the heat pipes and additively manufactured parts with a 3-dimensional helmet.
A note on liquid vortex sloshing and Kelvin's equilibria (1990)

Observations of liquid vortex sloshing and Kelvin's equilibrium states were made inside a cylindrical container using a spinning disk near its base. Both steady and periodic free-surface sloshing phenomena were found to take place. During periodic sloshing, the air core sustained shape transformations, assuming an elliptical cross-section at the end, and then collapsed forming a pair of vortices. Kelvin's equilibrium states emerged at lower liquid levels. These were stable within an interval of rotational speeds. The bandwidth of stationary states decreased as the wavenumber ( N ) increased. For N greater than six, the states appeared critically stable. Between equilibria, unstable transitional regions were found to exist. As the liquid level was decreased, the core shape spectrum shifted towards smaller frequencies.
EASiER (2011)

A promising approach to mitigate the privacy risks in Online Social Networks (OSNs) is to shift access control enforcement from the OSN provider to the user by means of encryption. However, this creates the challenge of key management to support complex policies involved in OSNs and dynamic groups. To address this, we propose EASiER, an architecture that supports fine-grained access control policies and dynamic group membership by using attribute-based encryption. A key and novel feature of our architecture, however, is that it is possible to remove access from a user without issuing new keys to other users or re-encrypting existing ciphertexts. We achieve this by creating a proxy that participates in the decryption process and enforces revocation constraints. The proxy is minimally trusted and cannot decrypt ciphertexts or provide access to previously revoked users. We describe EASiER architecture and construction, provide performance evaluation, and prototype application of our approach on Facebook.
Organization and control in the arginine biosynthetic pathway of Neurospora (1975)

Eight enzymes involved in the conversion of acetylglutamate to arginine in Neurospora crassa were studied. The data indicate that of three enzymes early in the sequence, only the first, acetylglutamate kinase, is a nonorganellar enzyme. The next two, N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase and acetylornithine aminotransferase, are in the mitochondrion, which was previously shown to contain the subsequent enzymes: acetylornithine-glutamate acetyltransferase, ornithine carbamyltransferase, and carbamyl-phosphate synthetase A (arginine specific). The last two enzymes of the pathway, argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase, were previously shown to be cytosolic. All enzymes but one have low amplitudes or repression. Their levels respond little to arginine excess and are about twofold elevated (threefold for ornithine carbamyltransferase) as a result of arginine limitation in the arg-12-8 strain. No restriction of the incorporation of mitochondrial enzymes into mitochondria could be detected when the levels of these enzymes were elevated. Two enzymes, acetylglutamate kinase and carbamyl-phosphate synthetase A, which initiate the synthesis of the ornithine and guanidino moieties of arginine, respectively, show the lowest specific activities in crude extract. These enzymes display special regulatroy features. Acetylglutamate kinase, which has a typically low amplitude of repression, is subject to feedback inhibition. Carbamyl-phosphate synthetase A is wholly insensitive to arginine or citrulline in vitro or in vivo, but displays a very large amplitude of repression (about 60-fold). It is unique in that it can be almost completely repressed by growth of mycelia in excess arginine. These data suggest that mitochondrial localization may be incompatible with a mechanism of feedback inhibition by a cytosolic effector, arginine. Further, they suggest that the high repressibility of carbamyl-phosphate synthetase A compensates for its feedback insensitivity.
Harmonized analysis of microplastics: Insights from practical application within the FACTS project (2022)

The pollution of the environment with plastics is of emerging concern. While first initiatives aim to reduce the input of these materials, the already existing amounts pose a problem. Due to degradation and fragmentation the initially large items form micro- and nanoplastic particles. Yet the analysis of these contaminates is hampered due to increasing number of analytical pipelines and tools in the different laboratories. In the recent years, various projects aimed to provide information about these issues at different scales. Here, we present the harmonization procedures derived and applied within the "Fluxes and Fate of Microplastics in Northern European Waters" (FACTS) project. To achieve a project internal harmonization the available sampling techniques, sample extraction methods, quality assurance measures aand protocols as well as analytical techniques were collected, evaluated and finally transferred into commonly agreed harmonized procedures. These procedures were afterwards applied in the planning of a large scale sampling campaign along the Norwegian Coast and within the Bergen Fjord. This was achieved by defining the filter mesh sizes for filtration pumps and sampling nets as well as the amount of sediment sampled. In contrast to sampling, the extraction was more difficult to harmonize yet a common agreement was derived by using Fenton's reagent oxidation for the removal of organic matter and sodium bromide for density separation following the laboratory internal protocol. Finally, the for analysis FTIR microscopy shall be applied using a common database and software tool (siMPle) allowing a following pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) analysis. The experience during the application of these protocols within FACTS will be discussed and further contextualized with the results of the "EUROpean Quality Controlled Harmonisation Assuring Reproducible Monitoring and assessment of plastic pollution" (EUROqCHARM) project. Also see: https://micro2022.sciencesconf.org/427364/document