gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Hg(II) Complexes of Cysteine-Containing Oligopeptides (1985)

Abstract Tetrapeptides, Z–Cys–Ala–Ala–Cys–OMe(Z=benzyloxycarbonyl), Z–Cys–Val–Val–Cys–OMe, and Z–Cys–Gly–Pro–Cys–OMe, having Cys–X–Y–Cys sequences were synthesized by using an acetamidomethyl (Acm) protecting group. The Hg(II) complexes of these peptides, Hg2Cl2(Z–Cys–Ala–Ala–Cys–OMe) 1. Hg(Z–Cys–Ala–Ala–Cys–OMe) 2, Hg2Cl2(Z–Cys–Gly–Pro–Cys–OMe) 3, Hg(Z–Cys–Val–Val–Cys–OMe) 4, and Hg2Cl2(Z–Cys-Ala-Cys–OMe) 5 were synthesized by the reaction of the S(Acm) protecting peptides and HgCl2 in N,N-dimethylformamide. Two Raman bands due to Cl–Hg–S of 1, 3, or 5 were observed at 314, 281, or 276 cm−1 in solid, whereas a single band due to S–Hg–S was found at 326 cm−1 for 2 or 327 cm−1 for 4, in solid.
Chromophores as Elements of Structure for Pico Technology Optical Computers (2003)

The transfer of the energy of optical excitation between the different chromophores of anthraquinone and perylene dyes has been controlled by their relative orientation. Such assemblies are basic components for optical computers on the picometer scale.
Trihalomethanes in desalinated water: Human exposure and risk analysis (2017)

Desalinated seawater is used to satisfy domestic water demands in many countries. The treated freshwater is blended with desalinated water to increase the water supply. The desalinated and blended water contains disinfection byproducts (DBPs), some of which may induce cancer risk to human. In this study, concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs) in desalinated and blended water in Saudi Arabia were investigated, and human exposure and risk were predicted. The intakes of THMs (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) were predicted to be 8.38 × 10−5, 7.57 × 10−5, 2.54 × 10−5, and 4.32 × 10−4 mg/kg-d, respectively. The overall cancer risk and hazard index were estimated to be 1.78 × 10−5 (range: 7.40 × 10−7–9.26 × 10−5) and 3.49 × 10−2 (range: 1.20 × 10−3–2.34 × 10−1), respectively. The probabilities of cancer risk exceeding the risk levels of 1 × 10−6, 1 × 10−5, and 5.0 × 10−5 were 1.0, 0.775, and 0.012, respectively. The loss of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) was predicted to be 25.1 per year while the cancer risk represented 8.48 × 10−7 DALY per person per year. The financial burden from such risk was estimated to be US$ 2.72 (range: US$ 2.52–2.91) million per year. The findings may assist in better understanding and reducing cancer risk from DBPs in desalinated and blended water.
Mentha L. Species (Lamiaceae) as Promising Sources of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites (2008)

The use of mint species in traditional and conventional medicine is mostly due to the presence of two classes of secondary bimolecules: monoterpenoids in essential oils and different structural types of phenolic compounds. Essential oils are known to act as antimicrobial, antispasmodic, carminative, and antiviral agents. In addition, essential oils of several mint species have been recently qualified as natural antioxidants. However, since oil composition is highly variable, the pharmacological activity strongly depends on certain chemorace. On the contrary, composition of phenolic constituents is relatively stable within species. The most important phenolic compounds in Mentha species are flavonoids. Mints are characterized by the presence of specific lipophilic flavonoids. Phenolic compounds of mints are found to poses a wide range of pharmacological activity: antioxidant, antiulcer, cytoprotective, heptoprotective, cholagogue, chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetogenic etc. However, besides healing properties some mint species can exhibit an adverse effect on human health. Here we report on botany, chemistry and activity of Mentha species with special respect to their significance for the modern phytotherapy.
Recent advances in the MOVPE growth of indium nitride (2009)

Abstract Since a few years, indium nitride promising properties for device applications have attracted much attention worldwide. Huge efforts are dedicated to optimize indium nitride growth. However, this growth is extremely challenging, in particular using the metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) technique which exhibits very low growth rates. This may explain why most of the samples available in the scientific community, which also present the best electrical properties, were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). However, up to date, no intrinsic indium nitride layer was obtained. InN epilayer crystalline quality suffers from the lack of lattice matched substrates, leading to the use of double‐step growth process. In this paper, we show that InN low lateral growth rate is a limiting parameter for efficient double‐step growth process. But, we also report that the use of CBrCl3 during InN growth enhances the lateral growth rate. To improve the growth rate along the c ‐axis, we investigate alternative precursors for both nitrogen and indium species. We show that ammonia remains the best precursor, but combined with triethylindium, the growth rate increases with optimum crystalline quality. Finally, we compare MOVPE‐grown and MBE‐grown InN layers in order to understand the difference observed on the electrical properties. We show how thermal annealing can improve the MOVPE‐grown InN layers leading to similar electrical properties than reported in MBE‐grown samples. The role of ammonia as source of hydrogen is also discussed.
A noise reduction method for discrete chaotic signals and its application in communication (2011)

This paper addresses the issue for filtering noisy contaminated discrete chaotic signals. A modified cubature Kalman filter combined with QR decomposition is proposed for estimating a nonlinear discrete system. Simulation results show the proposed method can effectively reduce noise on discrete chaotic signals. In comparison with other Kalman filters, the proposed method has a better filtering performance in the case of low signal to noise ratios (SNR), and has the similar performance in the case of high SNR. In addition, it is indicated by simulations that the proposed filtering method can also effectively implement chaos-based communication when message signals are modulated by additive chaos masking.
Dark State Optical Lattice with a Subwavelength Spatial Structure (2018)

We report on the experimental realization of a conservative optical lattice for cold atoms with a subwavelength spatial structure. The potential is based on the nonlinear optical response of three-level atoms in laser-dressed dark states, which is not constrained by the diffraction limit of the light generating the potential. The lattice consists of a one-dimensional array of ultranarrow barriers with widths less than 10 nm, well below the wavelength of the lattice light, physically realizing a Kronig-Penney potential. We study the band structure and dissipation of this lattice and find good agreement with theoretical predictions. Even on resonance, the observed lifetimes of atoms trapped in the lattice are as long as 44 ms, nearly 10^{5} times the excited state lifetime, and could be further improved with more laser intensity. The potential is readily generalizable to higher dimensions and different geometries, allowing, for example, nearly perfect box traps, narrow tunnel junctions for atomtronics applications, and dynamically generated lattices with subwavelength spacings.
Toward ultrafast, ultra-stable imaging arrays: Superlattice doping to enhance the performance of backside-illuminated 3D-hybridized silicon photodetectors (2020)

In this paper, the authors report the latest results on their development of superlattice-doped, thinned, backside-illuminated (BSI), 3D-integrated photodiode detectors—a step toward their ultimate goal of demonstrating ultrafast, ultrastable CMOS imaging arrays. As with most silicon-based photodetectors, backside-illumination and backside surface passivation are keys to achieve the highest performance capability. The two-dimensional (2D) doping technique developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has proved to result in a highly efficient, highly stable detector response when combined with a variety of detectors. Here, JPL's 2D-doping has been combined with Sandia's BSI photodetectors hybridized with custom fanout wafer via copper Direct Bond Interconnect (DBI®), a technology that is rapidly becoming industry standard for BSI CMOS imaging arrays. The prototype detectors were packaged and evaluated with respect to their response to low energy electrons. The authors find that the responsivity of 2D-doped BSI detectors is higher than devices prepared using other surface passivation techniques (i.e., ion implantation). The success of the work described herein verifies that the 2D-doping processes previously developed for Sandia's frontside-illuminated photodetectors are generally applicable to BSI detectors and demonstrates for the first time that JPL's 2D-doping process is compatible with the Cu-DBI® technology.
Inter- and Intracellular Signaling in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Role of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (2005)

The pathogenetic processes underlying the selective motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are complex and still not completely understood even in the cases of inherited disease caused by mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase-dependent (SOD1) gene. Recent evidence supports the view that ALS is not a cell-autonomous disease and that glial-neuron cross-talk, throughout cytokines and other toxic factors like the nitric oxide and superoxide, is a crucial determinant for the induction of motor neuron death. This cell-cell interaction may determine the progression of the disease through processes that are likely independent of the initial trigger and that may converge on the activation of intracellular death pathways in the motor neurons. In this review we provide support to the hypothesis that aberrant expression and activity of p38 mitogen protein-activated kinases cascade (p38MAPK) in motor neurons and glial cells may play a role in the development and progression of ALS. Increased activation of p38MAPK may phosphorylate neuron-specific substrates altering their physiological properties and it may turn on responsive genes leading to neurotoxicity.
Automobile ECU Design to Avoid Data Tampering (2015)

Modern embedded vehicle systems are based on network architectures. Vulnerabilities from in-vehicle communications are significant. Privacy and security measures are required for vehicular Electronic Control Units (ECUs). We present a security vulnerability analysis, which shows that the vulnerability mainly lies in the ubiquitous on-board diagnostics II (OBD-II) interface and the memory configuration within ECU. Countermeasures using obfuscation and encryption techniques are introduced to protect ECUs from data sniffing and code tampering. A security scheme of deploying lures that look like ECU vulnerabilities to deceive lurking intruders into installing rootkits is proposed. We show that the interactions between the attacker and the system can be modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP).
Robust Automatic White Balance Algorithm using Gray Color Points in Images (2006)

A robust automatic white balance algorithm is proposed in this paper, using extracting gray color points in images for color temperature estimation. A gray color point is the point where R, G and B components are equivalent under the canonical light source. A little color deviation of the gray color point from gray under different color temperature is used to estimate the color temperature of the light source. The test results show that the proposed algorithm can provide a good perceive effect and has the advantage of easy realization, low complexity and robust convergence.
Large-Scale Chronically Implantable Precision Motorized Microdrive Array for Freely Behaving Animals (2008)

Multiple single-unit recording has become one of the most powerful in vivo electro-physiological techniques for studying neural circuits. The demand has been increasing for small and lightweight chronic recording devices that allow fine adjustments to be made over large numbers of electrodes across multiple brain regions. To achieve this, we developed precision motorized microdrive arrays that use a novel motor multiplexing headstage to dramatically reduce wiring while preserving precision of the microdrive control. Versions of the microdrive array were chronically implanted on both rats (21 microdrives) and mice (7 microdrives), and relatively long-term recordings were taken.
Maternal anemia effects during pregnancy on male and female fetuses: are there any differences? (2016)

Maternal mild anemia in third trimester of pregnancy correlates with fetal birth weight, influencing fetal growth and delivery outcome on the basis of fetal gender. Even though the reason of this phenomenon is still unknown, these new data may represent a novel parameter to add significant prognostic information in relation to maternal mild anemia and neonatal outcome.
Iron Pincer Complex Catalyzed, Environmentally Benign, E‐Selective Semi‐Hydrogenation of Alkynes (2013)

Ironing out hydrogenation: For the first time, an iron catalyst provided chemo- and stereo-selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes to E-alkenes. This efficient, atom-economical reaction is catalyzed by a novel acridine-based PNP iron pincer catalyst and exhibits excellent functional group tolerance under mild, neutral, environmentally benign reaction conditions. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Fas-deficient SCID mouse exhibits the development of T cells in the thymus (1997)

The Fas Ag is a cell surface protein that mediates apoptosis and is highly expressed on thymocytes. However, the role of the Fas system in the thymus is unclear. To study the role of the Fas system in the thymus, we established a novel SCID mouse bearing the lpr (lymphoproliferation) mutation. Thymocytes from these mice differentiated into CD4+ CD8+ T cells and then underwent further differentiation into CD4+ CD8- or CD4- CD8+ single-positive T cells with a low surface expression of CD3, whereas B cell development remained unrescued. These TCR-positive T cells can proliferate in response to stimulation with PMA plus ionomycin, but not with third-party spleen cells. Furthermore, thymocytes from scid/lpr mice had a great variety of TCR Vbeta repertoires. These results suggest that the Fas system plays an essential role in regulating the development of intrathymic T cells as well as peripheral T cells.
Mixed Case Palletizing with Industrial Robots (2016)

The automated building of customer order pallets in a retail, food or beverage distribution center is still a challenging and complex task. Over the past 15 years many companies have tried to develop different solutions to tackle this labor intensive job. In this article a detailed overview of existing implementations will be presented and compared with the development results of the activities from KUKA, Grenzebach and Swisslog under the leadership of the author of this paper. The final paper will contain examples of the two global soft drink producers in the world and a short overview of the current development project from Swisslog at the German drugstore chain dm.
A mutation in P23, the first gene in the RNA polymerase sigma A (sigma 43) operon, affects sporulation in Bacillus subtilis (1990)

Mutations within P23, the first gene of the Bacillus subtilis sigma A operon, were not detrimental to vegetative growth or sporulation. One deletion of P23 resulted in a strain that sporulated earlier than the wild type. This aberrant phenotype may be due to the simultaneous deletion of a sigma H promoter from the sigma A operon.
Low-order modeling of head-related transfer functions using wavelet transforms (2004)

In this paper, an efficient method for modeling head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) of an auralization system is presented. The proposed model is based on the decomposition of the impulse response of the HRTFs by wavelet transforms. Through an analysis of the HRTF energy content per subband it is shown how the model can be reduced without introducing considerable error in the magnitude and phase frequency responses. As a result of the proposed technique, the low-order model has approximately 30% of the number of coefficients of the original HRTF, which represents an important reduction in the computational cost of an auralization system implementation.
An IgG monoclonal antibody to group B meningococci cross-reacts with developmentally regulated polysialic acid units of glycoproteins in neural and extraneural tissues. (1987)

The structurally similar polysialic acid capsules of group B meningococci and Escherichia coli K1 are poor immunogens, and attempts are currently being made to improve their immunogenicity by chemical modifications. An IgG monoclonal antibody to these polysialic acid capsules was used for the study of the presence of structurally similar components in tissue glycoproteins to investigate the reasons for the poor immunogenicity and to evaluate potential dangers in active or passive immunization. By immunoblotting polysialic acid was detected outside the brain in newborn rat kidney, heart, and muscle. It appeared in immunoblots as one component and with similar mobility to the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM. Specificity studies of the antibody and endosialidase treatment showed that the polysialic acid glycans detected were composed of chains as long as eight sialic acid residues or more. The polysialic acid was not detected in the corresponding tissues of the adult animal. These results indicate that polysialic acid units are developmentally regulated components of both neural and extraneural tissues, and are bound to components with properties similar to a known cell-adhesion molecule. This together with the presence of low amounts of polysialic acid even in the adult brain, suggests potential hazards in vaccination trials and suggested immunotherapy of meningitis caused by group B meningococci or E. coli K1, which should be carefully assessed.
Ewing’s Sarcoma: ex vivo Sensitivity towards Natural and Lymphokine-Activated Killing (1988)

We studied the ex vivo cell-mediated cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells against continuously cultured Ewing's sarcoma cells from 3 different patients. Target cell lysis was measured in a 4-hour 51Cr radioisotope release assay. At an effector to target (E:T) ratio of 50:1, the mean (+/- 1 SD) cytolysis by fresh purified large granular lymphocytes (NK cells) was 20 +/- 8, 25 +/- 2, and 21 +/- 3% in Ewing's sarcoma cell lines 6647, 5838, and A4573, respectively. Under identical conditions, NK cells lysed 56 +/- 7% of K562 (a standard NK target), and 3 +/- 3% of Daudi (a standard NK-resistant LAK target). When compared to fresh unseparated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), purified NK cells did not exhibit an enhanced cytotoxic reactivity against either Ewing's sarcoma target. In contrast, LAK cells (i.e., PBMC that were preincubated for 4 days in the presence of rIL-2) were highly cytotoxic against all three Ewing's sarcoma targets. LAK activity was dependent on the concentration of rIL-2 used in PBMC cultures. Optimum cell-mediated toxicity against the standard LAK target Daudi (99 +/- 10% cytolysis at 50:1 E:T ratio) was achieved at rIL-2 concentrations of 1,000 u/ml. LAK cells grown under these conditions were also effective against Ewing's sarcoma cells. At an E:T ratio of 50:1, 86 +/- 16, 85 +/- 16, and 67 +/- 13% inhibition was observed in 6647, 5838, and A4573 cells, respectively, as compared to 17 +/- 10, 19 +/- 15, and 29 +/- 11% cytolysis by fresh uninduced PBMC. In summary, our results suggest that rIL-2-induced LAK-type immune effector cells may be of some therapeutic value in the treatment of poor prognosis Ewing's sarcoma.
A practical comparison among high-power-factor electronic ballasts with similar ideas (2005)

This paper provides a comparative analysis among four electronic ballast topologies with high power factor, employing the same switch for inverter and power factor correction stage. The analyses done are based on experimental results. A commercial electromagnetic ballast (EMB) is tested to provide a comparison with implemented electronic ballasts. The features of each topology are shown through the discussion of their advantages and disadvantages. The electronic ballasts are made for two 40-W fluorescent lamps at 50-kHz switching frequency and for a 110-V/sub rms/ 60-Hz utility line.
Modeling cancer metabolism on a genome scale (2015)

Cancer cells have fundamentally altered cellular metabolism that is associated with their tumorigenicity and malignancy. In addition to the widely studied Warburg effect, several new key metabolic alterations in cancer have been established over the last decade, leading to the recognition that altered tumor metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Deciphering the full scope and functional implications of the dysregulated metabolism in cancer requires both the advancement of a variety of omics measurements and the advancement of computational approaches for the analysis and contextualization of the accumulated data. Encouragingly, while the metabolic network is highly interconnected and complex, it is at the same time probably the best characterized cellular network. Following, this review discusses the challenges that genome-scale modeling of cancer metabolism has been facing. We survey several recent studies demonstrating the first strides that have been done, testifying to the value of this approach in portraying a network-level view of the cancer metabolism and in identifying novel drug targets and biomarkers. Finally, we outline a few new steps that may further advance this field.
Outdoor Sensornet Design and Deployment: Experiences from a Sugar Farm (2010)

A wireless sensor network collected real-time water-quality measurements to investigate how current irrigation practices—in particular, underground water salination—affect the environment. New protocols provided high end-to-end packet delivery rates in the hostile deployment environment.
An association between HIV-1 subtypes and mode of transmission in Cape Town, South Africa (1997)

Subtype B viruses were associated with male homosexual transmission and subtype C viruses with heterosexual transmission, suggesting two independent epidemics. This data may have implications in the selection of appropriate vaccines for different risk groups in the country.
Etodolac compared with aspirin: an endoscopic study of the gastrointestinal tracts of normal volunteers. (1986)

Forty-eight normal men participated in a 14-day, single blind, single center, multiple dose study of gastric irritation using endoscopy. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatment groups after a one week lead-in period, as follows: etodolac 200 mg BID, 400 mg BID, 600 mg BID, or aspirin 975 mg QID. Etodolac at all dose levels produced significantly (p less than or equal to 0.0001) less gastrointestinal irritation than aspirin as assessed by endoscopic examination of the gastric and duodenal sites. There were no significant differences among the 3 etodolac groups.