gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Population Dynamics of a Long-Lived Conifer (Pinus palustris) (1988)

We investigated the demography and spatial pattern of an old-growth longleaf pine population using a large plot in which all trees of at least 2 cm in dbh were mapped and tagged for individual recognition. The population was of uneven age and size; tree size correlated positively with tree age. Large or old trees were only loosely aggregated, forming a background matrix that filled the forest. In contrast, juvenile trees were highly aggregated and were located in areas of low adult densities. Recruitment within this population thus appears to occur primarily within open spaces created by the deaths of large trees. Variable time lags may occur before the colonization of open spaces, however, because of temporal variation in seed production and the occurrence of summer ground fires. The absence of large gaps within the age-class distribution indicated that recruitment within the mapped plot has occurred frequently for at least the past 250 years. Neither age- nor size-class distributions, however, were stable. Instead, temporal variation in adult mortality and recruitment into open spaces, coupled with strong negative interactions between cohorts of different ages, appears likely to produce alternating phases of population growth and decline that are highly variable in length and magnitude. An upper bound to population size occurs when all available space is filled with trees; but no lower bound exists, and extinction probabilities may be increased at very low densities. The population is buffered from declines to very low densities, however, by the consistent tendency for small trees to recruit into openings created by the deaths of adults. This regeneration pattern, which also occurs in other long-lived conifers, represents a spatial analogue to stochastic boundedness over time, and it may enhance the local persistence of longleaf pine populations. Efficient spatial buffering requires that open spaces not be colonized by other tree species before the establishment of longleaf recruits. We suggest that longleaf pine maintains the environment in an open state suitable for its own regeneration by transmuting a localized disturbance (lightning) into a widespread disturbance (ground fires). Fire facilitation results in an extended, but indefinite, increase in the persistence of environmental conditions in which longleaf pine, but not other tree species, can survive and reproduce. Since longleaf pine influences the fire regime, it is a key species that constitutes environmental conditions and, hence, the composition and relative abundances of other species within the habitat.
Local Structure and Lithium Diffusion Pathways in Li4Mn2O5 High Capacity Cathode Probed by Total Scattering and XANES (2018)

In the constant race for more efficient Li-ion batteries, extensive research has focused on the design of new, more competitive cathode materials, currently limiting the battery performance. The improvement of cathode materials demands the detailed understanding of the complex structural mechanisms at play during battery operation, that is, when Li+ ions are inserted and extracted from the cathode. Moreover, new cathode designs involve more and more disordered/nanosized materials for enhanced Li+ cation diffusion and larger specific surfaces. This trend poses new challenges for the structural investigation methods employed, which mostly rely on the periodic and long-range ordered nature of the compounds under study. This is specially the case of the recently discovered nanostructured Li4Mn2O5 high capacity cathode material, which shows record reversible capacities superior to the state-of-the-art Li-Mn-O electrodes and displays a strongly disordered rock salt-type structure. This last feature, mainly due to its synthetic route involving high energy milling, prevented from reaching a full understanding of the lithium exchange mechanism of particular interest in this 3D framework compound. Here, we demonstrate that a thorough description of such a disordered structure can be achieved by a combination of near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and pair distribution function analysis of neutron and X-ray total scattering data, which ultimately lead to the elucidation of the Li cation diffusion pathways.
Study protocol: the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a brief behavioural intervention to promote regular self-weighing to prevent weight regain after weight loss: randomised controlled trial (The LIMIT Study) (2015)

ISRCTN52341938 Date Registered: 31/03/2014.
Comparison of adaptive beamforming and adaptive OSTBC with outdated channel feedback (2005)

For high speed wireless systems adopting adaptive modulation, we compare the achievable performance of adaptive beamforming (A-BF) and adaptive orthogonal space time block coding (A-OSTBC) with outdated channel feedback. In the presence of feedback delay, we optimize the switching thresholds to maximize the average throughput subject to an average BER constraint and illustrate the effects of feedback delay on the performance of A-BF and A-OSTBC. We observe that while the A-BF scheme outperforms the A-OSTBC scheme with a small feedback delay, the A-OSTBC scheme achieves higher average throughput due to the reduced diversity advantage of A-BF when the feedback delay is large.
Diversity in Product Familiarity Across Younger And Older Adults (2022)

This paper reports on the findings of a completed experiment examining levels of familiarity in younger and older adults. Research has shown that older adults use products less intuitively than younger adults, and that familiarity is an essential element of intuitive interaction. This finding influenced the decision to focus on familiarity and to investigate why older adults use products less intuitively than younger adults. By identifying and understanding the differences in familiarity, it is hypothesised that designers will be able to design more usable products for older adults. An empirical study was conducted, investigating the differences in familiarity between younger and older adults with contemporary products. Younger adults demonstrate significantly higher levels of familiarity compared to older adults, and the three groups of older adults demonstrated no significant differences between them. The implications of this finding is discussed.
Time of day and network reprogramming during drought induced CAM photosynthesis in Sedum album (2019)

Plants with facultative crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) maximize performance through utilizing C3 or C4 photosynthesis under ideal conditions while temporally switching to CAM under water stress (drought). While genome-scale analyses of constitutive CAM plants suggest that time of day networks are shifted, or phased to the evening compared to C3, little is known for how the shift from C3 to CAM networks is modulated in drought induced CAM. Here we generate a draft genome for the drought-induced CAM-cycling species Sedum album. Through parallel sampling in well-watered (C3) and drought (CAM) conditions, we uncover a massive rewiring of time of day expression and a CAM and stress-specific network. The core circadian genes are expanded in S. album and under CAM induction, core clock genes either change phase or amplitude. While the core clock cis-elements are conserved in S. album, we uncover a set of novel CAM and stress specific cis-elements consistent with our finding of rewired co-expression networks. We identified shared elements between constitutive CAM and CAM-cycling species and expression patterns unique to CAM-cycling S. album. Together these results demonstrate that drought induced CAM-cycling photosynthesis evolved through the mobilization of a stress-specific, time of day network, and not solely the phasing of existing C3 networks. These results will inform efforts to engineer water use efficiency into crop plants for growth on marginal land.
Bayesian models of design based on intuition (1976)

Most computer system designers use a great deal of intuition in the design process. Intuition is often used to handle uncertainty in design parameters. Since uncertainty seems to be intrinsic to most design problems it follows that designers will continue to rely on intuition or “sound engineering judgement”. This paper attempts to use Bayesian Decision Theory to explore the possibility of setting up a structure and theory for making design decisions in the computer system design environment while explicitly taking the intuitive nature of many design decisions into account. We shall focus attention on a particular problem in distributed data base design in which the designer must use his intuition to estimate the load on the system which he is designing. Similar Bayesian approaches could be used in other design problems.
Antidepressant modulation of isolation and restraint stress effects on brain chemistry and morphology (1993)

Summary Stress elicits adaptive responses from the brain, but it can also lead to maladaptive consequences. For example, stress can precipitate mental illness, including depression. Prolonged stress also causes damage to neurons in the hippocampus. Antidepressant drugs must be evaluated, not only for their ability to potentiate adaptive responses, but also to inhibit maladaptive consequences of stress. Ongoing research in our laboratory has compared the atypical tricyclic antidepressant, tianeptine, with the typical tricyclics, desipramine and imipramine, with respect to the effects of isolation and repeated restraint stress. Tianeptine and desipramine similarly attenuated isolation stress-induced increases in locus coeruleus and midbrain tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA levels and isolation-stress induced decreases in preproenkephalin mRNA levels in striatum and nucleus accumbens. However, tianeptine and imipramine differed in their effects in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus on 5HT 2 , and 5HT 1A receptor levels but, surprisingly, produced similar effects on levels of the serotonin transporter labelled with [ 3 H] paroxetine. Tianeptine also prevented stress-induced reductions in the length and number of branchpoints of dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons in hippocampus; comparison with effects of typical tricyclics are ongoing. Tianeptine also blocked effects of corticosterone treatment to reduce branching and length of CA3 dendrites. These actions of tianeptine may be due to interactions between 5HT and excitatory amino acids in the mossy fiber terminals on CA3 pyramidal neurons. Taken together, these results indicate that tianeptine has unique properties compared to some other antidepressant drugs, but shares in common with those drugs the ability to attenuate stress effects on tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression and on the serotonin transporter. It remains to be seen whether these actions are the basis of a common antidepressant action.
Occurrence of the mutagenic compound ‘MX’ in drinking water and its removal by activated carbon (1990)

Abstract Recent studies have shown that the compound MX [3‐chloro‐4‐(dichloromethyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐2(5H)‐furanone] can account for up to 57% of the observed acid fraction mutagenicity of chlorinated drinking water. In the present study laboratory investigations showed MX to be very well removed by activated carbon over a wide concentration range. Samples obtained from two water treatment plants following pre‐chlorination showed MX to be present in the range of 38 to 60 ng L−1. MX concentrations were not always correlated with TOC levels, suggesting that the type of organic matter present may play a role in MX formation. GAC appeared to be capable of removing MX precursors.
Synthèse et propriétés des deux formes énantiomères de poly(thiophènes) chiraux (1989)

La synthese des deux enantiomeres de poly(thiophenes) chiraux a ete realisee. Ces materiaux peuvent reconnaitre stereo-selectivement des anions chiraux lors de cycles voltametriques.
ChemInform Abstract: Soluble Direct‐Band‐Gap Semiconductors LiAsS2 and NaAsS2: Large Electronic Structure Effects from Weak As×××S Interactions and Strong Nonlinear Optical Response. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
NEURON (2019)

A core component of a database systems course at the undergraduate level is the design and implementation of the query optimizer in an rdbms. The query optimization process produces aquery execution plan (qep ), which represents an execution strategy for an sql query. Unfortunately, in practice, it is often difficult for a student to comprehend a query execution strategy by perusing its qep, hindering her learning process. In this demonstration, we present a novel system called neuron that facilitates natural language interaction with qep s to enhance its understanding. neuron accepts an sql query (which may include joins, aggregation, nesting, among other things) as input, executes it, and generates a simplified natural language description (both in text and voice form) of the execution strategy deployed by the underlying rdbms. Furthermore, it facilitates understanding of various features related to a qep through anatural language question answering (nlqa ) framework. We advocate that such tool, world's first of its kind, can greatly enhance students' learning of the query optimization topic.
Transient fault detection via simultaneous multithreading (2000)

Smaller feature sizes, reduced voltage levels, higher transistor counts, and reduced noise margins make future generations of microprocessors increasingly prone to transient hardware faults. Most commercial fault-tolerant computers use fully replicated hardware components to detect microprocessor faults. The components are lockstepped (cycle-by-cycle synchronized) to ensure that, in each cycle, they perform the same operation on the same inputs, producing the same outputs in the absence of faults. Unfortunately, for a given hardware budget, full replication reduces performance by statically partitioning resources among redundant operations. We demonstrate that a Simultaneous and Redundantly Threaded (SRT) processor—derived from a Simultaneous Multithreaded (SMT) processor—provides transient fault coverage with significantly higher performance. An SRT processor provides transient fault coverage by running identical copies of the same program simultaneously as independent threads. An SRT processor provides higher performance because it dynamically schedules its hardware resources among the redundant copies. However, dynamic scheduling makes it difficult to implement lockstepping, because corresponding instructions from redundant threads may not execute in the same cycle or in the same order. This paper makes four contributions to the design of SRT processors. First, we introduce the concept of the sphere of replication, which abstracts both the physical redundancy of a lockstepped system and the logical redundancy of an SRT processor. This framework aids in identifying the scope of fault coverage and the input and output values requiring special handling. Second, we identify two viable spheres of replication in an SRT processor, and show that one of them provides fault detection while checking only committed stores and uncached loads. Third, we identify the need for consistent replication of load values, and propose and evaluate two new mechanisms for satisfying this requirement. Finally, we propose and evaluate two mechanisms—slack fetch and branch outcome queue—that enhance the performance of an SRT processor by allowing one thread to prefetch cache misses and branch results for the other thread. Our results with 11 SPEC95 benchmarks show that an SRT processor can outperform an equivalently sized, on-chip, hardware-replicated solution by 16% on average, with a maximum benefit of up to 29%.
At-Speed Structural Test For High-Performance ASICs (2006)

At-speed test of integrated circuits is becoming critical to detect subtle delay defects. Existing structural at-speed test methods are inadequate because they are unable to supply sufficiently-varied functional clock sequences to test complex sequential logic. Moreover, they require tight restrictions on the circuit design. In this paper, we present a new method for at-speed structural test of ASICs, having no tight restrictions on the circuit design. In the present implementation, any complex at-speed functional clock waveform for 16 cycles can be applied. We present DFT structures that can generate high-speed launch-off-capture as well as launch-off-scan clocking without the need to switch a scan enable at-speed. We also describe a method to test asynchronous clock domains simultaneously. Experimental results on fault coverage and hardware measurements for three multi-million gate ASICs demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach
Bioactive natural products with carbon–phosphorus bonds and their biosynthesis (1999)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Inactivation of Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 Tumor Suppressor Protein by HPV E7 Oncoprotein (2000)

In studying biological roles of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1 tumor suppressor in cervical carcinogenesis, we found that HPV E7 is functionally associated with IRF-1. Binding assays indicate a physical interaction between IRF-1 and HPV E7 in vivo and in vitro. The carboxyl-terminal transactivation domain of IRF-1 was required for the interaction. Transient co-expression of E7 significantly inhibits the IRF-1-mediated activation of IFN-beta promoter in NIH-3T3 cells. Co-transfection of E7 mutants reveals that the pRb-binding portion of E7 is necessary for the E7-mediated inactivation of IRF-1. It was next determined whether histone deacetylase (HDAC) is involved in the inactivation mechanism as recently suggested, where the carboxyl-terminal zinc finger domain of E7 associates with NURD complex containing HDAC. When trichostatin A, an inhibitor of HDAC, was treated, the repressing activity of E7 was released in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the mutation of zinc finger abrogates such activity without effect on the interaction with IRF-1. These results suggest that HPV E7 interferes with the transactivation function of IRF-1 by recruiting HDAC to the promoter. The immune-promoting role of IRF-1 evokes the idea that our novel finding might be important for the elucidation of the E7-mediated immune evading mechanism that is frequently found in cervical cancer.
On singular diffusion equations with applications to self‐organized criticality (1993)

Abstract We consider solutions of the singular diffusion equation t , = ( u m −1 u x ) x , m ≦ 0, associated with the flux boundary condition lim x →−∞ ( u m −1 u x ) x = λ &gt; 0. The evolutions defined by this problem depend on both m and λ. We prove existence and stability of traveling wave solutions, parameterized by λ. Each traveling wave is stable in its appropriate evolution. These traveling waves are in L 1 for −1 &lt; m ≦ 0, but have non‐integrable tails for m ≦ −1. We also show that these traveling waves are the same as those for the scalar conservation law u t = −[ f ( u )] x + u xx for a particular nonlinear convection term f ( u ) = f ( u ; m , λ). © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Dialysable leukocyte extracts in immunotherapy (2015)

Dialysable leukocyte extracts (DLE) are complexes consisting of a large number of low-molecular-weight substances. These extracts have immunomodulatory properties, which are mainly attributed to small peptides commonly referred to as ‘transfer factor’. This review focuses on the characteristics of DLE with transfer factor activity, together with the methods for their preparation and purification. The opportunities for applying the extracts for immunotherapy purposes against various diseases in humans and domestic animals are also discussed. Their ease of preparation and relatively low cost combined with the rapid positive effect they produce will make DLE subject to application in medicine in the future, including their use against new nosological entities.
Heating near implanted medical devices by the MRI RF-magnetic field (1999)

The temperature rise in the vicinity of a medical implant due to the RF field in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was evaluated. For the calculations, the implant was taken to be a conducting cylinder resembling the geometry of a commercial infusion pump. Measurements of temperature rise were made with the pump in a phantom in a clinical imager. The RF protocol was 20-minutes long and produced a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.95 W/kg in the 34-kg phantom. In the measurements, the maximal temperature rise near the implant (0.66/spl deg/C) was about 3 times the control rise (0.23/spl deg/C) with no implant. The calculations are consistent with experiment.
Ultrathin Ferroelectricity and Its Application in Advanced Logic and Memory Devices (2021)

Compared to archetypical perovskites, HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> based ferroelectric materials are process-compatible with advanced CMOS transistors. As a result, they promise to bring ferroelectric technologies into widespread applications. At the same time, ferroelectricity in these materials is also different. In conventional perovskites, the polarization becomes weaker as the thickness is decreased due to `size effects'. Balking this conventional trend, our recent work has shown that ferroelectricity in HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> in fact enhances as the thickness goes down. The ferroelectricity can be demonstrated even in a 1 nm film, which is just two-unit cells! Ferroelectric tunnel junction results with 1 nm ferroelectric. In addition, Negative Capacitance transistors have been demonstrated with just 18A thick ferroelectric material - the same thickness of high-dielectric used in today's advanced transistors. These results demonstrate that, unlike conventional ferroelectrics, thickness scaling is not a bottleneck for HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> based ferroelectrics, paving the way for their integration in the most advanced logic and memory devices.
Production of adeno‐associated viral vectors in insect cells using triple infection: Optimization of baculovirus concentration ratios (2006)

The production of viral vectors or virus-like particles for gene therapy or vaccinations using the baculovirus expression system is gaining in popularity. Recently, reports of a viral vector based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) produced in insect cells using the baculovirus expression vector system have been published. This system requires the triple infection of cells with baculovirus vectors containing the AAV gene for replication proteins (BacRep), the AAV gene for structural proteins (BacCap), and the AAV vector genome (BacITR). A statistical approach was used to investigate the multiplicities of infection of the three baculoviruses and the results were extended to the production of AAVs containing various transgenes. Highest AAV yields were obtained when BacRep and BacCap, the baculovirus vectors containing genes that code for proteins necessary for the formation of the AAV vector, were added in equal amounts at high multiplicities of infection. These combinations also resulted in the closest ratios of infectious to total AAV particles produced. Overexpression of the AAV structural proteins led to the production of empty AAV capsids, which is believed to overload the cellular machinery, preventing proper encapsidation of the AAV vector transgene, and decreased the viability of the insect cells. Delaying the input of BacCap, to reduce the amount of capsids produced, resulted in lower infectious AAV titers then when all three baculoviruses were put into the system at the same time. The amount of BacITR added to the system can be less than the other two without loss of AAV yield.