gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parental Involvement and Educational Achievement (2005)

Parental involvement is seen as an important strategy for the advancement of the quality of education. The ultimate objective of this is to expand the social and cognitive capacities of pupils. In addition, special attention is paid to the children of low‐educated and ethnic minority parents. Various forms of both parental and school‐initiated involvement are examined. On the one hand, the connections between a number of characteristics of parents and schools such as the social and ethnic background of the parents and the composition of the school population will be examined. On the other hand, the connections between a number of outcome measures such as the language and mathematics skills of the pupils will be examined. Data will be drawn from the large‐scale Dutch PRIMA (primary education) cohort study, which contains information on more than 500 schools and 12,000 pupils in the last year of primary school and their parents. An important finding is that predominantly schools with numerous minority pupils appear to provide a considerable amount of extra effort with respect to parental involvement, but that a direct effect of such involvement cannot be demonstrated.
Genomic Variation Research Group (GVRG): Analysis of Copy Number Variation in C. elegans using Next Generation Sequencing (2010)

r5b Structural variations (SV) found in eukaryotic genomes include insertions, deletions, inversions, translocations, and copy number variations (CNV). The emerging body of literature clearly illustrates the role of SVs, such as CNVs, in the susceptibility or resistance to certain diseases. While microarrays have traditionally been an effective tool for identifying CNVs, recent advances in paired-end, next-generation sequencing technology now provide an alternative approach.To detect copy number variants using paired-end sequencing it is essential to leverage a bioinformatics pipeline that can distinguish the mapped ends, and identify statistically significant differences as compared to a reference sequence. Several commercial and open source software tools for automatic detection of SVs and CNVs are available and this list is rapidly growing. Though the number of tools continues to increase, they are neither as robust nor mature as those currently available for analyzing microarray experiments.As such, packages are being constantly evaluated with the intent of determining which performs best in this capacity.For its annual research project, the GVRG has hypothesized that an optimal combination of the statistical models and paired-end reads will have the most traction in next-generation sequencing for CNV detection. Using C. elegans as a model organism, we have performed and directed experiments to study the capability of next-generation sequencing for such a purpose. It has been reported that there is nearly 2% natural gene content variation between the Bristol and Hawaii C. elegans strains as determined by aCGH.These published differences, which include a number of CNVs, have provided a valuable framework for conducting the experiments and analyzing results.
Immobilization of New Isolated Iron Oxidizing Bacteria on Natural Carriers (2013)

The bioleaching of sulfide minerals by iron oxidizing bacteria are implemented by direct and indirect mechanisms. The direct dissolution of minerals is caused by the attack of sulfide ions by enzymatic system of bacteria. In the indirect mechanism the ferric ion from oxidation of ferrous iron serves as a leaching agent that reacts chemically with the minerals. The increase of ferrous ion oxidation contributes to the intensification of bioleaching process. On this purpose the immobilization of iron oxidizing bacteria on different organic and inorganic carriers (calcium alginate, carragiran, ceramic support, activated carbon, porous glass, etc.) has been implemented which allows to increase cell concentration. In the present work for the first time the native shungit, zeolit and their chemically modified forms have been used for immobilization of new isolated iron oxidizing bacteria of the genera Leptospirillum and Sulfobacillus. Efficient physico-chemical conditions for immobilization on the mentioned carriers have been developed. The ferrous ion oxidation by immobilized cells has been studied both in shake-flasks experiments and in the glass column using air-lift process. It has been shown that in both cases the rate of iron oxidation considerably enhances in comparison with free cells.
Observer-a concept for formal on-line validation of distributed systems (1994)

Proposes the observer concept for designing self-checking distributed systems, i.e. systems that detect erroneous behaviors as soon as errors act at some observable output level. The approach provides a solution to build systems whose on-line behavior is checked against a formal model derived from a formal description. In other words, the actual implementation is continuously checked against a reference, this reference being a formal and verified model of some adequately selected aspects of the system behavior. The corresponding methodology, the software concepts and some applications of the observer are presented. General definitions are given first that theoretically define self-checking systems as systems that include and implement complete on-line validation. The basic concepts and the difficulties to implement self-checking validation are then given. In order to provide simple implementations, the previous definitions are weakened to design quasi-self-checking observers for LANs using a broadcast service. Three specific applications are given to illustrate the proposed approach: testing a virtual ring MAC protocol, checking the link and transport layers in an industrial LAN, and managing a complete OSI layering, from layer 2 to layer 6, in an open system architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A hybrid estimator for selectivity estimation (1999)

Traditional sampling-based estimators infer the actual selectivity of a query based purely on runtime information gathering, excluding the previously collected information, which underutilizes the information available. Table-based and parametric estimators extrapolate the actual selectivity of a query based only on the previously collected information, ignoring online information, which results in inaccurate estimation in a frequently updated environment. We propose a novel hybrid estimator that utilizes and optimally combines the online and previously collected information. A theoretical analysis demonstrates that the online and previously collected information is complementary, and that the comprehensive utilization of the online and previously collected information is of value for further performance improvement. Our theoretical results are validated by a comprehensive experimental study using a practical database, in the presence of insert, delete and update operations. The hybrid approach is very promising in the sense that it provides an adaptive mechanism that allows the optimal combination of information obtained from different sources in order to achieve a higher estimation accuracy and reliability.
Subtle extrapyramidal signs can predict the development of dementia in elderly individuals (1993)

To assess the significance of mild extrapyramidal signs (EPSs) in aging, we prospectively followed 228 elderly individuals without dementia or major neurologic disease at baseline. Seventy-three (32%) showed mild idiopathic EPSs at baseline assessment and 32 (14%) of these 228 individuals met NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable or possible Alzheimer's disease on follow-up. While none of these individuals developed Parkinson's disease, those with more than one EPS at baseline were significantly more likely to become demented during follow-up than were those with one or no EPS, an association not confounded by age, education, or gender. Individuals with more than one EPS and with cognitive impairment (CI) at baseline were at highest risk for dementia. EPSs were also independently associated with incident dementia in the absence of CI at baseline. We conclude that mild EPSs are a significant predictor of dementia in elderly individuals.
Abstract P6-13-12: Comparative similarity of ABP 980 and trastuzumab: Results of functional similarity and human pharmacokinetic assessment (2016)

Abstract Background: ABP 980 is being developed as a biosimilar to trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), resulting in proliferation inhibition (PI) and induction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Biosimilar mAbs are likely to have minor differences with the reference product due to variances in expression systems, bioprocess, and purification; demonstration of analytical, pharmacologic, and pharmacokinetic (PK) similarity is the foundation for biosimilarity. Functional (PI, ADCC, and tumor xenograft models) and PK similarity between ABP 980 and EU-authorized trastuzumab reference product has been previously evaluated. Objective: To demonstrate functional and PK similarity between ABP 980 and FDA-licensed trastuzumab reference product. Methods: Potency of ABP 980 and FDA-licensed trastuzumab was compared by measuring PI and recombinant HER2 (rHER2) binding affinity. PI activity was evaluated using BT-474 cells. Surface plasmon resonance analysis was used to determine the equilibrium binding affinity (Kd) to rHER2. PK similarity was evaluated in a randomized, single-blind, single-dose, parallel-group study in healthy adult men. Primary endpoints were area under the serum concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUCinf) and maximum observed serum concentration (Cmax). Secondary endpoints were safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity. Results: ABP 980 displayed PI and rHER2 binding activities comparable to trastuzumab. The range of relative potency by PI was 82%–114% for ABP 980 and 91%–116% for trastuzumab. The Kd ranged from 75–79 pM for ABP 980 and 67–80 pM for trastuzumab. PK similarity was demonstrated for the comparison of ABP 980 with trastuzumab. The geometric mean (GM) ratios for Cmax and AUCinf were 1.04 (90% CI, 0.995–1.079) and 1.06 (90% CI, 0.997–1.117). Both CIs fell within the standard prespecified bioequivalence criteria of 0.80–1.25. After 6 mg/kg intravenous infusion, the GM of Cmax and AUCinf were 135.90 µg/mL and 34061.43µg·h/mL for ABP 980 and 131.19µg/mL and 32271.67µg·h/mL for trastuzumab. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was comparable between treatment groups. TEAEs occurred in 84% subjects receiving ABP 980 and 75% of subjects receiving trastuzumab; no anti-drug antibodies were detected. Conclusions: ABP 980 has been shown to be similar to FDA-licensed trastuzumab in functional tests and binding affinity to antigen, as well as in a phase 1 human PK study. Citation Format: Hanes V, Born T, Chow V, Zhang N, Howard M, Schulz A, Markus R. Comparative similarity of ABP 980 and trastuzumab: Results of functional similarity and human pharmacokinetic assessment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-13-12.
Prevention of progression of pulmonary hypertension by the Nur77 agonist 6-mercaptopurine: role of BMP signalling (2019)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive fatal disease characterised by abnormal remodelling of pulmonary vessels, leading to increased vascular resistance and right ventricle failure. This abnormal vascular remodelling is associated with endothelial cell dysfunction, increased proliferation of smooth muscle cells, inflammation and impaired bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling. Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 is a key regulator of proliferation and inflammation in vascular cells, but its role in impaired BMP signalling and vascular remodelling in PAH is unknown.We hypothesised that activation of Nur77 by 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) would improve PAH by inhibiting endothelial cell dysfunction and vascular remodelling.Nur77 expression is decreased in cultured pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) and lungs of PAH patients. Nur77 significantly increased BMP signalling and strongly decreased proliferation and inflammation in MVECs. In addition, conditioned medium from PAH MVECs overexpressing Nur77 inhibited the growth of healthy smooth muscle cells. Pharmacological activation of Nur77 by 6-MP markedly restored MVEC function by normalising proliferation, inflammation and BMP signalling. Finally, 6-MP prevented and reversed abnormal vascular remodelling and right ventricle hypertrophy in the Sugen/hypoxia rat model of severe angioproliferative PAH.Our data demonstrate that Nur77 is a critical modulator in PAH by inhibiting vascular remodelling and increasing BMP signalling, and activation of Nur77 could be a promising option for the treatment of PAH.
PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES OF A SINGLE ADMINISTRATION OF ORAL GABAPENTIN IN THE GREAT HORNED OWL (BUBO VIRGINIANUS) (2015)

Gabapentin (1-[aminomethyl] cyclohexane acetic acid) is a γ-aminobutyric acid analogue that has been shown to be efficacious for neuropathic pain control in humans. Plasma gabapentin concentrations >2 μg/ml are considered effective in treating epilepsy in humans and are suggested to provide analgesia for neuropathic pain. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of gabapentin suspension (11 mg/kg) in great horned owls ( Bubo virginianus ). Plasma gabapentin concentrations were determined in six healthy birds for 48 hr using high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Plasma gabapentin concentrations were estimated by noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. The harmonic mean (±SD) maximum concentration (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), and elimination half-life (tv2λZ) for gabapentin (11 mg/kg) were 6.17±0.83 μg/ml, 51.43±5.66 min, and 264.60±69.35 min, respectively. In this study, plasma gabapentin concentrations were maintained above 2 μg/ml for 528 min (8.8 hr), suggesting that gabapentin administered orally every 8 hr may be appropriate in great horned owls.
Response of Livestock to Riparian Zone Exclusion (1982)

Fencing has been proposed as the best alternative for rapid restoration of streamside riparian zones. In this study the major portion of the streamside riparian zone was excluded by fencing. Use by cows with calves and by yearlings was evaluated on the remaining portion of the riparian and upland zones during the summer grazing season. Regardless of aspect, both classes of livestock generally selected the riparian zone over the uplands throughout most of the summer grazing season. Both classes of livestock reversed their selection in favor of upland vegetation in the latter part of the season. Slopes less than 35% were preferred throughout the grazing season. Cows were more selective in use of certain plant communities than yearlings and, contrary to usual findings, distributed themselves over the range better than yearlings. Neither salt placement nor alternate water location away from the riparian zone influenced livestock distribution appreciably.
ChemInform Abstract: ARTIFICIAL ENZYMES (1983)

Abstract In der zusammenfassenden Arbeit wird über künstliche Enzyme bzw. Enzymmimics auf Basis von Cyclodextrin‐Strukturen berichtet, mit denen z.B. selektive Chlorierungen von Aromaten und Steroiden oder gezielte Aminosäuren‐ Synthesen möglich sind.
First Report of Pepino mosaic virus on Tomato in Spain (2001)

At the beginning of 2000, a damaging disease developed on protected tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops grown in polyethylene greenhouses in different regions of Spain. Production losses were estimated at 15 to 80%. The tomato plants showed a variety of symptoms. The most common symptoms were leaf distortion, chlorosis, and mosaic. Some plants showed a dark green mosaic and bubbling of the leaf surface. Green striations were also observed on the stem and sepals. Most of the diseased plants had discolored fruits. Symptoms decreased as environmental temperature increased. The involvement of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) was suspected. To identify the etiological agent, ≈500 symptomatic tomato plants were collected from several locations in Alicante, Murcia, Almeria and the Canary Islands. Flexuous viral particles 510 nm long were observed by transmission electron microscopy, suggesting the presence of a potexvirus in the tissue extracts analyzed. All samples were tested by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), using polyclonal antibodies to Narcissus mosaic virus (Adgen, Auchincriuve, Scotland), a virus serologically related to PepMV, and two antisera specific to PepMV (Adgen, Scotland and DMSZ, Braunschweig, Germany). PepMV was detected in 35% of the samples. Like PepMV, the virus infected (as confirmed by ELISA) greenhouse-grown Datura stramonium, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. clevelandii, Solanum tuberosum, and Vigna sinensis and did not infect Capsicum anuum, Cucumis sativus, Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Petunia × hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis floridana, N. glutinosa, N. rustica, or N. tabacum. The virus did infect Gomphrena globosa, which normally is not infected by PepMV. The first report of PepMV was on pepino (Solanum muricatum) in Peru in 1974 (1), but this virus has been recently reported in the Netherlands, England, Germany, and France on protected tomato crops (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of PepMV in Spain, including the Canary Islands. References: (1) R. A. C. Jones et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 94:61, 1980. (2) European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO). Alert List Viruses. On-line publication/2000/003.
Chemical synthesis and growth-promoting activity of all-trans-retinyl β-d-glucuronide (1987)

All-trans-retinol reacts with methyl (2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-1-bromo-1-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyran)uronate in the presence of Ag2CO3 to give the triacetate methyl ester of retinyl beta-glucuronide. Hydrolysis of this ester with sodium methylate in methanol gives retinyl beta-D-glucuronide in about 15% yield. The water-soluble retinyl beta-D-glucuronide was characterized by u.v.-visible, n.m.r. and mass spectra, by elemental analysis and by its susceptibility to hydrolysis by bacterial beta-glucuronidase. Retinyl beta-glucuronide, when administered intraperitoneally in saline (0.9% NaCl), supports well the growth of vitamin A-deficient rats.
Synthetic Analogs of Oxytocin and the Vasopressins (1973)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
Chemical Characterization and Biological Activity of the Essential Oil from Araucaria brasiliensis Collected in Ecuador (2022)

The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, physical properties, enantiomeric composition and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of the essential oil (EO) steam-distilled from the leaves of the plant <i>Araucaria brasiliensis</i> Loud. collected in Ecuador. The chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis on two capillary GC columns (DB5-ms and HP-INNOWax). Thirty-three compounds were identified in the EO; the main compounds were beyerene (26.08%), kaurene (24.86%), myrcene (11.02%), α-pinene (9.99%) and 5,15-rosadiene (5.87%). Diterpene hydrocarbons (65.41%), followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons (21.11%), were the most representative components of the EO. Enantioselective analysis of the EO showed four pairs of enantiomeric compounds, α-pinene, camphene, γ-muurolene and δ-cadinene. In an in vitro assay, the EO showed moderate inhibitory activity towards the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) (95.7 µg/mL), while it was inactive towards acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (225.3 µg/mL). Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the anticholinesterase potential of the EO.
Formation of Transient Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Precursor in Quail Eggshell Mineralization:  An In Vitro Study (2006)

To understand the mechanism of quail eggshell biomineralization, we have performed two CaCO(3) precipitation experiments. In the reprecipitation experiments, supersaturated Ca(HCO(3))(2) was prepared by bubbling CO(2) through a slurry of biogenic CaCO(3) obtained from bleach-treated eggshell followed by filtration to obtain a clear solution for crystallization experiments. The nucleated crystals were collected at various time intervals and analyzed. In the second experiment, the extracted SOM from the bleach-treated eggshell was added to the supersaturated clear solution of Ca(HCO(3))(2) solution obtained by bubbling CO(2) gas through a slurry of synthetic CaCO(3) followed by filtration. The crystals/precipitates collected at various time intervals were analyzed. Both experiments showed that amorphous CaCO(3) (ACC) was precipitated in the early stages, which then transformed to the most stable crystalline calcite phase. Amino acid analysis of the soluble organic matrixes (SOM) indicated the presence of high amounts of Glx and Asx amino acids. Ovomucoid--an acidic glycoprotein, and lysozyme--a basic protein, are the two major components along with a few low molecular weight peptides present in the SOM of quail eggshell matrix. Both ovomucoid and lysozyme did not induce precipitation of the ACC phase in in vitro conditions, while the fraction containing low molecular weight peptides induced the precipitation of ACC, suggesting that the latter play an important role in the eggshell biomineralization. Thus, organisms can produce inorganic minerals which assume nonequilibrium morphologies and intricate architecture by precipitating transient ACC, which then transformed into the crystalline phase. Altogether, these observations further demonstrate that this strategy may be common in both vertebrate and invertebrate mineralized structures.
Comparison of glutamate-evoked pain between the temporalis and masseter muscles in men and women (2012)

Pain in myofascial temporomandibular disorder (TMD) can affect both the masseter and temporalis muscles. Glutamate injection into the masseter muscle evokes pain that is greater in men than in women and this pain is attenuated by co-injection of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine (10 mmol/L) in men. Animal studies suggested that pain induced by peripheral NMDA receptor activation could differ between the temporalis and masseter muscles and between men and women. The study aims were to investigate differences in glutamate-evoked pain between these muscles and the effectiveness of ketamine to attenuate glutamate-evoked pain in both genders. Pain and mechanical sensitivity were induced in 2 sessions of an experiment in 14 women and 16 men by repeated injections of glutamate (0.5 mol/L) with and without ketamine (20 mmol/L) into the masseter and temporalis muscles. Two injections were applied into the same masseter muscle and 2 injections into the same anterior temporalis muscle at each session. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain intensities and pain drawing areas were assessed. Glutamate-evoked pain and pain drawing area were significantly greater from the temporalis muscle than from the masseter muscle (P<.02) in both genders. Women reported significantly greater glutamate-evoked masseter muscle pain than men (P<.03). Co-injection of ketamine, at higher dose than previously used, was equally effective in attenuating glutamate-evoked pain from both muscles in both genders (P<.01). The current findings indicate that the characteristics of pain generated by intramuscular injection of glutamate vary for different masticatory muscles and may be partially generated through activation of peripheral NMDA receptors.