gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of phase and amplitude modulation of spin magnetization in magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance in the presence of molecular diffusion (2001)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments with a spinning sample [magic angle sample spinning (MASS)] are used to remove the line broadening in composite systems, where the susceptibility contrast of its constituents gives rise to an inhomogeneous field that causes a line broadening and obscures chemical information. The NMR signal in these experiments has a phase and an amplitude part. In the absence of diffusion, i.e., in the MASS spectra of solids, the amplitude of the signal from an isochromat is a constant independent of position and time and the phase is a periodic function of the rotor frequency νr. In fluids, the amplitude of a spin packet is a function of its position and time. The amplitude modulation and relaxation in diffusive MASS encodes the dynamics of motion and the landscape (geometry of pores and field gradients) probed by the motion. Here we use spin manipulation—total suppression of sidebands (TOSS)—to suppress the effects of phase with the goal of isolating the amplitude term. By the TOSS sequence the phase factor at time t for a spin packet at an azimuthal angle φ is made to depend on φ only as a function of ωrt−φ, which suppresses the sidebands in solids upon an integration over φ. Due to molecular diffusion, the amplitude part depends on φ, and, thus, diffusive TOSS cannot suppress the sidebands. The residual sidebands carry the information of dynamics and pore and magnetic field geometry, in addition, by reducing the size of the sidebands, TOSS is of course, also useful in identifying various fluid components in situ. The diffusive MASS gives a measure of the spread in local fields and diffusive TOSS gives a measure of the spread in local gradients.
Acidic monosaccharides become incorporated into calcite single crystals (2020)

ABSTRACT Carbohydrates, along with proteins and peptides, are known to represent a major class of biomacromolecules involved in calcium carbonate biomineralization. However, in spite of multiple physical or biochemical characterizations, the explicit role of saccharide macromolecules (long chains of carbohydrate molecules) is not yet understood in mineral deposition. In the present study we investigated the influence of two common acidic monosaccharides (MSs), which are the simplest form of carbohydrates and are represented here by glucuronic and galacturonic acids, on the formation of calcite crystals in vitro . We show that the size, morphology and microstructure of calcite crystals are altered when they are grown in the presence of these MSs. More importantly, MSs were found to become incorporated into the calcite crystalline lattice and induce anisotropic lattice distortions, a widely studied phenomenon in other biomolecules related to CaCO 3 biomineralization but never before reported in the case of single MSs. Changes in the calcite lattice induced by MS incorporation were precisely determined by the technique of high-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. We believe that the results of this research may deepen our understanding of the interaction of saccharide polymers with an inorganic host and shed light on the implications of carbohydrates for biomineralization processes.
Bounds on performance of hybrid WiFi-UWB cooperative RF localization for robotic applications (2010)

Precise localization has attracted considerable traction in the area of cooperative assignments for robots in indoor applications. When dealing with indoor applications we are limited to the type of signals that can be used for precise localization which is our prime goal. There are limitations to the well known GPS and also vision-based modality where the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions can significantly degrade the results. Hence there is a need for alternative approaches for more precise indoor localization. Precise localization information is an enabler for better coordinated tasks where multiple robots are at play. In this paper, the hybrid cooperative localization accuracy for a multi-robot operation is examined. We use a mix of empirical and theoretical models for ranging estimates in a typical indoor environment on the third floor of the Atwater Kent Laboratory (AKL) at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. The two widely used ranging techniques are Time Of Arrival (TOA) using Ultra-wideband (UWB) and Received Signal Strength (RSS) using WiFi signals. The Cramér-Rao-Lower-Bound (CRLB) on the performance of hybrid localization techniques are determined in our multi-robot operation scenarios based on empirical data for UWB TOA-based and the theoretical WiFi RSS-based ranging. The performance of the hybrid localization of robots are examined when the robots are equipped with UWB radios and operate in cooperative mode using known WiFi Anchors.
International collaboration is urgently needed for airborne surveys in Enderby Land to fill the largest RINGS data gap (2023)

This is a preliminary planning and scoping paper that seeks to identify potential plans and solutions to support the RINGS project in Enderby Land, East Antarctica. Enderby Land is the largest data gap of bed topography in the coastal regions of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and it must be urgenly filled. The plan presented in this paper does not reflect any commitment or undertaking by National Antarctic Programs or those named in the paper. More detailed planning and collaborative discussions will be needed to then seek agreement on resource allocations and contributions.
Ferroelectric polarization dependent interactions at Pd–LiNbO3(0001) interfaces (2009)

A combination of Auger electron spectroscopy and temperature-programed desorption was used to characterize the growth and interaction of Pd films with positively and negatively terminated ferroelectric LiNbO3(0001) surfaces. The growth mode of vapor-deposited Pd layers at 300K was found to be dependent on the direction of the ferroelectric polarization with layer-by-layer growth occurring on the negative (c−) surface and particle formation occurring on the positive (c+) surface. The Pd metal layers were also found to be more thermally stable on the c− surface relative to the c+ surface. These results provide another example of how the polarization orientation in ferroelectric materials affects adsorption and reaction on their exposed surfaces.
Learning to Blindly Assess Image Quality in the Laboratory and Wild (2019)

Computational models for blind image quality assessment (BIQA) are typically trained in well-controlled laboratory environments with limited generalizability to realistically distorted images. Similarly, BIQA models optimized for images captured in the wild cannot adequately handle synthetically distorted images. To face the cross-distortion-scenario challenge, we develop a BIQA model and an approach of training it on multiple IQA databases (of different distortion scenarios) simultaneously. A key step in our approach is to create and combine image pairs within individual databases as the training set, which effectively bypasses the issue of perceptual scale realignment. We compute a continuous quality annotation for each pair from the corresponding human opinions, indicating the probability of one image having better perceptual quality. We train a deep neural network for BIQA over the training set of massive image pairs by minimizing the fidelity loss. Experiments on six IQA databases demonstrate that the optimized model by the proposed training strategy is effective in blindly assessing image quality in the laboratory and wild, outperforming previous BIQA methods by a large margin.
Semi-Empirical CFD Transient Simulation of Engine Air Filtration Systems (2016)

To improve fuel efficiency and facilitate handling of the vehicle in a dense city environment, it should be as small as possible given its intended application. This downsizing trend impacts the si ...
An automated data exploitation system for airborne sensors (2014)

Advanced wide area persistent surveillance (WAPS) sensor systems on manned or unmanned airborne vehicles are essential for wide-area urban security monitoring in order to protect our people and our warfighter from terrorist attacks. Currently, human (imagery) analysts process huge data collections from full motion video (FMV) for data exploitation and analysis (real-time and forensic), providing slow and inaccurate results. An Automated Data Exploitation System (ADES) is urgently needed. In this paper, we present a recently developed ADES for airborne vehicles under heavy urban background clutter conditions. This system includes four processes: (1) fast image registration, stabilization, and mosaicking; (2) advanced non-linear morphological moving target detection; (3) robust multiple target (vehicles, dismounts, and human) tracking (up to 100 target tracks); and (4) moving or static target/object recognition (super-resolution). Test results with real FMV data indicate that our ADES can reliably detect, track, and recognize multiple vehicles under heavy urban background clutters. Furthermore, our example shows that ADES as a baseline platform can provide capability for vehicle abnormal behavior detection to help imagery analysts quickly trace down potential threats and crimes.
Mapping NKCC1 in the Endocytic Pathway During PKC Activation in Mardin Darby Canine Kidney Cells (2018)

Gut clearance represents an important defense mechanism of the gut by flushing out luminal bacteria and toxins. Transepithelial chloride fluid secretion is what drives gut clearance. The basolateral Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) is the main mechanism for loading cells with chloride for its secretion by apical chloride channels (e.g., cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator). We have previously shown that protein kinase C (PKC) activation causes internalization of NKCC1, thus blunting chloride secretion. However, the fate of NKCC1 remains unknown. To determine if NKCC1 is recycled or degraded, we used Mardin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells that stably expresses eGFP-NKCC1 to map the endocytic pathway. For immunocytochemistry, MDCK cells were cultured on coverslips in a six-well plate until confluence. Cells were exposed to either phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), an activator of PKC, or DMSO (vehicle). Cells were fixed with 1% paraformaldehyde, incubated with specific primary antibody against endosomal markers, and mounted for immunofluorescence. Images were acquired with an Olympus compound microscope equipped for fluorescence and processed using ImageJ. In these experiments, we did not find colocalization of NKCC1 with Rab5, a marker of the early endosome. We found occasional colocalization of NKCC1 and Rab11, a marker of vesicles recycling to the plasma membrane. Finally, we did not find colocalization of NKCC1 with either LAMP1 or P20S markers of the lysosome and the proteasome. Our results suggest that some NKCC1, after internalization recycles to the membrane in MDCK. Further investigation will be needed to determine the fate on NKCC1 in the endocytic pathway.
Design of acousto-optic chaos based secure free-space optical communication links (2009)

We discuss the design of an acousto-optic cell based free space optical communication link where the data beam is made secure through chaos encryption. Using external signal modulation of the diffracted light from a hybrid acousto-optic cell chaos (or directly via incorporation in the sound-cell driver's bias voltage) encryption of data is possible. We have shown numerically that decryption of the encoded data is possible by using an identical acousto-optic system in the receiver.
Modelling of near corona wire electrohydrodynamic flow in a wire-plate electrostatic precipitator (2005)

The modelling of the flow velocity fields for near corona wire electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow was performed. The steady, two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations have been computed for a wire-to-plate type electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The numerical simulation used Phoenics (Version 3.5.1) CFD code coupled with Poisson's and ion transport equations, and electric body force in momentum equation which were developed in this study. The Chen-Kim modified k-/spl epsiv/ turbulent model was used to obtain a quantitative image of the resulting mean flow field and the downstream wake flow of rear wire for EHD flow. The flow velocity field pattern showed a strong EHD secondary flow clearly visible in the downstream regions of the corona wire in spite of low Reynolds number for the electrode (Re/sub cw/=12.4). The secondary flow vortices are caused by the EHD also when discharge current is increased.
Clinical Performance of the Luminex NxTAG CoV Extended Panel for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Nasopharyngeal Specimens from COVID-19 Patients in Hong Kong (2020)

In December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in the Hubei province of China and later spread all over the world. There was an urgent need of a high-throughput molecular test for screening the COVID-19 patients in the community. The Luminex NxTAG CoV extended panel is a high-throughput FDA emergency use-authorized molecular diagnostic assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection. This system targets three genes (ORF1ab, N, and E genes) of SARS-CoV-2, the ORF1ab region of SARS-CoV, and the ORF5 region of MERS-CoV. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of this system with nasopharyngeal swab specimens of 214 suspected COVID-19 patients in Hong Kong. The results were compared with our routine COVID-19 reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) protocol with a LightMix SarbecoV E-gene kit and an in-house RdRp/Hel RT-PCR assay. The NxTAG CoV extended panel demonstrated 97.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity to SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal specimens. On low-viral load specimens, the sensitivity of the NxTAG panel could still maintain at 85.71%. Strong agreement was observed between the NxTAG panel and the routine COVID-19 RT-PCR protocol (kappa value = 0.98). Overall, the E gene target of the NxTAG panel demonstrated the highest sensitivity among the three SARS-CoV-2 targets, while the N gene targets demonstrated the least. In conclusion, the NxTAG CoV extended panel is simple to use, and it has high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity to SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal specimens. We recommend this diagnostic system for high-throughput COVID-19 screening in the community.
Genomic and phenotypic evolution of Escherichia coli in a novel citrate-only resource environment (2020)

ABSTRACT Evolutionary innovations allow populations to colonize new, previously inaccessible ecological niches. We previously reported that aerobic growth on citrate (Cit + ) evolved in a population of Escherichia coli during adaptation to a minimal glucose medium containing citrate (DM25). Cit + can grow in citrate-only medium (DM0), which is a novel environment for E. coli . To study adaptation to this new niche, we evolved one set of Cit + populations for 2,500 generations in DM0 and a control set in DM25. We identified numerous parallel mutations, many mediated by transposable elements. Several lineages evolved multi-copy amplifications containing the maeA gene, constituting up to ∼15% of the genome. We also found substantial cell death in ancestral and evolved clones. Our results demonstrate the importance of copy-number variation and transposable elements in the refinement of the Cit + trait. However, the observed mortality suggests a persistent evolutionary mismatch between E. coli physiology and a citrate-only environment.
Critical connectivity phenomena in multihop radio models (1989)

The percolation of a broadcast in a multihop radio network modeled by a spatial Poisson process is studied. The effect of station density and transmission radius on the extent of broadcast percolation is examined. For broadcast percolation in one spatial dimension, analytical expressions for the average extent of percolation are derived. A model for two-dimensional spatial percolation is presented along with related simulation results. The results suggest that in optimizing transmission radius as a function of communication performance measures, the choice of radius may be bounded from below by the need to maintain a desired network connectivity. The connectivity constraint can be relaxed to some extent in certain non-Poisson spatial models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[Immune-Mediated Cerebellar Ataxias]. (2021)

Autoimmune mechanisms insult the cerebellum, resulting in the development of cerebellar ataxias (CAs). These immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCAs) include gluten ataxia, postinfectious cerebellitis, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD), antiglutamate decarboxylase 65 antibody-associated CA (anti-GAD ataxia), and primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (PACA). Cell-mediated mechanisms are assumed to be involved in PCD, whereas accumulating evidence shows that anti-GAD antibodies decrease the amount of GABA released which leads to functional synaptic deficits. The therapeutic benefits of immunotherapies vary depending on the etiology of the disease. Early intervention is recommended while the cerebellar reserve can be preserved.
Subthalamic deep brain stimulation in patients with a previous pallidotomy (2006)

The safety and efficacy of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients who have had a previous unilateral pallidotomy is not clear. We identified 10 patients (9 male) at the Baylor College of Medicine Parkinson's Disease Center who underwent STN DBS after prior unilateral pallidotomy. Demographics, efficacy as determined by off Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III scores, and levodopa equivalent dosing were analyzed. We then compared these to an age- and sex-matched group of 25 DBS patients who had no prior pallidotomy. After their initial pallidotomy (mean age, 51.8 +/- 10.8 years), the mean UPDRS motor off medicine scores improved from 51.3 +/- 14.3 to 34.9 +/- 12.8, and the UPDRS dyskinesia score improved from 1.8 +/- 1.0 to 0.8 +/- 0.7. Their STN DBS off UPDRS motor scores (mean age, 56.0 +/- 10.2 years) improved by 16.0% from 53.1 +/- 9.7 (range, 42-68) to 44.6 +/- 11.1 (range, 25-67). In contrast, the UPDRS off motor scores in a control group of 25 DBS patients improved by 49.9%, from 49.7 +/- 11.1 to 25.7 +/- 18.9, (16.0% vs. 49.9%; P < 0.001). Changes in UPDRS dyskinesia scores were similar in both groups. AE thought to be related to the STN DBS following pallidotomy included worse dysarthria (three) and worse balance (two). STN DBS patients with prior pallidotomy had less improvement in UPDRS off motor score compared to other STN DBS patients, despite relatively good outcomes immediately after their pallidotomy. This may be partially due to a selection bias, but it may also indicate that prior pallidotomy is a negative predictor of outcome of STN DBS and should be considered in patient selection.
Trauma Mortality Patterns in Three Nations at Different Economic Levels (1998)

The majority of deaths occur in the prehospital setting, indicating the importance of injury prevention in nations at all economic levels. Additional efforts for trauma care improvement in both low-income and middle-income developing nations should focus on prehospital and emergency room care. Improved emergency room care is especially important in middle-income nations which have already established a basic EMS.
Del comportamiento y el fenómeno : el a priori de correlación (2010)

¿Es cierto que gracias a una propiedad llamada «intencionalidad» yo salgo de mí mismo y consigo alcanzar todo aquello que está fuera de mí? ¿No estará, más bien, la comprensión ordinaria sostenida y atravesada por una correlación a priori entre un cuerpo y una situación, un comportamiento y un fenómeno? ¿No estaré yo —en tanto existir fáctico— originariamente «fuera de mí» en el Afuera del mundo? Este artículo aborda éstas y otras cuestiones semejantes.
A secretory kinase complex regulates extracellular protein phosphorylation (2015)

Although numerous extracellular phosphoproteins have been identified, the protein kinases within the secretory pathway have only recently been discovered, and their regulation is virtually unexplored. Fam20C is the physiological Golgi casein kinase, which phosphorylates many secreted proteins and is critical for proper biomineralization. Fam20A, a Fam20C paralog, is essential for enamel formation, but the biochemical function of Fam20A is unknown. Here we show that Fam20A potentiates Fam20C kinase activity and promotes the phosphorylation of enamel matrix proteins in vitro and in cells. Mechanistically, Fam20A is a pseudokinase that forms a functional complex with Fam20C, and this complex enhances extracellular protein phosphorylation within the secretory pathway. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism by which Fam20C and Fam20A collaborate to control enamel formation, and provide the first insight into the regulation of secretory pathway phosphorylation.
Characterization and target genes of nine human PRD-like homeobox domain genes expressed exclusively in early embryos (2016)

PAIRED (PRD)-like homeobox genes belong to a class of predicted transcription factor genes. Several of these PRD-like homeobox genes have been predicted in silico from genomic sequence but until recently had no evidence of transcript expression. We found recently that nine PRD-like homeobox genes, ARGFX, CPHX1, CPHX2, DPRX, DUXA, DUXB, NOBOX, TPRX1 and TPRX2, were expressed in human preimplantation embryos. In the current study we characterized these PRD-like homeobox genes in depth and studied their functions as transcription factors. We cloned multiple transcript variants from human embryos and showed that the expression of these genes is specific to embryos and pluripotent stem cells. Overexpression of the genes in human embryonic stem cells confirmed their roles as transcription factors as either activators (CPHX1, CPHX2, ARGFX) or repressors (DPRX, DUXA, TPRX2) with distinct targets that could be explained by the amino acid sequence in homeodomain. Some PRD-like homeodomain transcription factors had high concordance of target genes and showed enrichment for both developmentally important gene sets and a 36 bp DNA recognition motif implicated in Embryo Genome Activation (EGA). Our data implicate a role for these previously uncharacterized PRD-like homeodomain proteins in the regulation of human embryo genome activation and preimplantation embryo development.