gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Zeolite ZSM-5 Membranes by In-Situ Crystallization on Porous .alpha.-Al2O3 (1995)

Zeolite ZSM-5 membranes were grown on porous α-Al_2O_3 disks by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis at 175 "C. The zeolite layers were formed on the bottom face of disks placed horizontally near the air-liquid interface of clear synthesis solutions. Extensive experimentation was carried out to find compositions that gave continuous polycrystalline films. The films grown with the optimized composition were about 10 µm thick and consisted of well-intergrown crystals of about 2 µm size. Pure gas permeation measurements of the most successful preparation yielded hydrogen:isobutane and n-butane:isobutane ratios of 151 and 18 at room temperature and 54 and 31 at 185 °C, respectively.
Differential effect of motor cortex stimulation on unit activities in the ventral posterior lateral thalamus in cats (2017)

Although motor cortex stimulation (MCS) is being increasingly used to treat chronic refractory neuropathic pain in humans, its mechanisms of action remain elusive. Studies in animals have suggested the involvement of subcortical structures, in particular, the thalamus. Most of these studies have been performed in rats, a species presenting significant differences in thalamic anatomy and function relative to primates, in particular, a very limited number of thalamic GABA interneurons. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MCS on single-unit activities of the thalamic ventral posterior lateral (VPL) nucleus in cats, which contains substantial numbers of GABA interneurons. Spontaneous and evoked activities of VPL units were studied before and after MCS. Motor cortex stimulation induced significant depression of the wide-dynamic-range (WDR) cells' firing rate, concomitant with activity enhancement of nonnociceptive (NN) units. More than half of WDR cells showed a significant decrease in the firing rate, while a similar proportion of NN units exhibited the opposite after-effect. Maximal firing attenuation of WDR cells occurred when the MCS location matched somatotopically their receptive field. Repetition of MCS runs led to an accentuation of WDR depression. After peripheral stimulation, evoked activity in each cell showed MCS effects similar to those observed in spontaneous activity. These data demonstrate a selective top-down inhibition by MCS of nonspecific nociceptive (WDR) cells, enhanced by somatotopic concordance and stimulation repetition, in parallel to facilitation of NN cells. These 2 outcomes may play a role in the complex analgesic effect of MCS observed in neuropathic pain conditions.
Evaluation of Pothole Patching Equipment and Processes (2012)

This report discusses testing of pothole repair technology and in particular, the evaluation of the Python Pothole Patcher (PHP). The PHP automates the traditional hot asphalt patch process by using air jet blasts to clean the pothole clean, spray tack oil, fill the pothole with hot asphalt fill, and compact the patch using a high pressure roller. While PHP is commercially available, the particular machine procured for this project for the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has a number of unique features, including the ability to fill potholes in a moving highway lane closure. Addressing many development issues during deployment required close cooperation with the manufacturer. Equipment upgrades and repairs were provided, along with classroom instruction and equipment operator training.
ChemInform Abstract: Isomerization of Glycyrrhizinic Acid. Antiulcer Activity. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enabling Colloidal Synthesis of Edge-Oriented MoS2 with Expanded Interlayer Spacing for Enhanced HER Catalysis (2017)

By selectively promoting heterogeneous nucleation/growth of MoS<sub>2</sub> on graphene monolayer sheets, edge-oriented (EO) MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets with expanded interlayer spacing (∼9.4 Å) supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets were successfully synthesized through colloidal chemistry, showing the promise in low-cost and large-scale production. The number and edge length of MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets per area of graphene sheets were tuned by controlling the reaction time in the microwave-assisted solvothermal reduction of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate [(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>MoS<sub>4</sub>] in dimethylformamide. The edge-oriented and interlayer-expanded (EO&IE) MoS<sub>2</sub>/rGO exhibited significantly improved catalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in terms of larger current density, lower Tafel slope, and lower charge transfer resistance compared to the corresponding interlayer-expanded MoS<sub>2</sub> sheets without edge-oriented geometry, highlighting the importance of synergistic effect between edge-oriented geometry and interlayer expansion on determining HER activity of MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets. Quantitative analysis clearly shows the linear dependence of current density on the edge length of MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets.
An Unconventional Route to Monodisperse and Intimately Contacted Semiconducting Organic–Inorganic Nanocomposites (2015)

Abstract We developed an unconventional route to produce uniform and intimately contacted semiconducting organic–inorganic nanocomposites for potential applications in thermoelectrics. By utilizing amphiphilic star‐like PAA‐ b ‐PEDOT diblock copolymer as template, monodisperse PEDOT‐functionalized lead telluride (PbTe) nanoparticles were crafted via the strong coordination interaction between PAA blocks of star‐like PAA‐ b ‐PEDOT and the metal moieties of precursors (i.e., forming PEDOT–PbTe nanocomposites). As the inner PAA blocks are covalently connected to the outer PEDOT blocks, the PEDOT chains are intimately and permanently tethered on the PbTe nanoparticle surface, thereby affording a well‐defined PEDOT/PbTe interface, which prevents the PbTe nanoparticles from aggregation, and more importantly promotes the long‐term stability of PEDOT–PbTe nanocomposites. We envision that the template strategy is general and robust, and offers easy access to other conjugated polymer–inorganic semiconductor nanocomposites for use in a variety of applications.
Kinetic Control of Aggregation Shape in Micellar Self‐Assembly (2019)

Abstract The first steps towards top‐down morphology control in micellar self‐assembly are introduced. Kinetically stable micelles are formed from block copolymers (BCPs) using continuous flow techniques by turbulent mixing of water with a THF solution of polymers. In this way, particle shape and size can be altered from spheres to ellipsoids solely via tuning of mixing parameters from a single BCP.
Mechanical properties of new low-nickel cobalt-free maraging steels (2002)

To study the mechanical properties of newly developed low-nickel cobalt-free maraging steels, six laboratory series with varied Ti, Mo, and Cr mass contents (0.003- 1.65, 0.0074- 5 and 0.004- 5 %) were studied. The study showed that increasing Ti and Mo contents improve the tensile strength and yield strength without affecting ductility markedly. The chromium alloyed grades M2, M6, M8 and M12 exhibit properties comparable to those of T 250 grade. To investigate the effects of heat treatment temperature on the mechanical properties, the solution treatment was carried out at temperatures varying between 820 and 1100 °C and holding times of 15 min at different cooling rates. The ageing temperature varied from 400 to 500 °C at ageing times of 60, 120 and 240 min, respectively. The ageing response of hardness as a function of temperature at different soaking conditions was determined to optimise the heat treatment conditions. The mechanical properties of the different steels after solution treatment and ageing at optimum temperature and time were determined. Zur Untersuchung neuer kobaltfreier martensitaushärtender Stähle mit niedrigem Nickelgehalt wurden sechs Laborversuchsreihen mit variierten Ti-, Mo- und Cr-Massengehalten (0,003-1,65; 0.0074-5 und 0.004-5 %) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mit steigenden Ti- und Mo-Gehalten Zugfestigkeit und Streckgrenze gesteigert werden können, ohne die Duktilität wesentlich zu erniedrigen. Die chromlegierten Laborstähle M2, M6, M8 und M12 zeigen Eigenschaften, die dem Stahl T 250 vergleichbar sind. Der Einfluss der Wärmebehandlung auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften wurde durch Variation der Lösungsglühung bei Temperaturen zwischen 820 und 1100 °C bei einer Haltezeit von 15 min und unterschiedlichen Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten überprüft. Die Alterungsuntersuchungen erfolgten bei Temperaturen zwischen 400 und 500 °C und Auslagerungszeiten von 60, 120 und 240 min. Der Härteanstieg wurde in Abhängigkeit von den Auslagerungsbedingungen gemessen, um die optimalen Wärmebehandlungsbedingungen zu ermitteln. Für diese optimierte Wärmebehandlung sowie für den lösungsgeglühten Zustand wurden dann die mechanischen Eigenschaften bestimmt.
Relation between Brain Activity and Reaction Time in a Mental Rotation Task: An EEG Study (2014)

〔目的〕本研究は，メンタルローテーション課題時における脳神経活動領域の経時的変化を脳波解析により明らかにし，反応時間との関連性を検討した．〔対象〕右利き健常大学生15名．〔方法〕課題として，1試行計48枚の手画像をランダムに呈示した．脳活動は高機能デジタル脳波計を用いて記録計測した．対象者を反応時間の速い群，中間群，遅い群に分け，そのうち，速い群と遅い群の比較を行った．〔結果〕反応時間の速い群では後頭葉・側頭葉・前頭葉の順で，遅い群では後頭葉・頭頂葉・前頭葉の順に脳活動が認められた．〔結語〕メンタルローテーション課題において，運動学習に関与する脳領域を活性化させるためには，対象者に心的回転を行う時間的余裕を与え，呈示された画像を自己の身体として捉えることが大切ではないかと示唆された．
Robust Algorithm for Alignment of Liquid Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry Analyses in an Accurate Mass and Time Tag Data Analysis Pipeline (2006)

Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become a standard technique for analyzing complex peptide mixtures to determine composition and relative abundance. Several high-throughput proteomics techniques attempt to combine complementary results from multiple LC-MS and LC-MS/MS analyses to provide more comprehensive and accurate results. To effectively collate and use results from these techniques, variations in mass and elution time measurements between related analyses need to be corrected using algorithms designed to align the various types of data: LC-MS/MS versus LC-MS/MS, LC-MS versus LC-MS/MS, and LC-MS versus LC-MS. Described herein are new algorithms referred to collectively as liquid chromatography-based mass spectrometric warping and alignment of retention times of peptides (LCMSWARP), which use a dynamic elution time warping approach similar to traditional algorithms that correct for variations in LC elution times using piecewise linear functions. LCMSWARP is compared to the equivalent approach based upon linear transformation of elution times. LCMSWARP additionally corrects for temporal drift in mass measurement accuracies. We also describe the alignment of LC-MS results and demonstrate their application to the alignment of analyses from different chromatographic systems, showing the suitability of the present approach for more complex transformations.
Motility of Bovine Spermatozoa Extended in “Defined” Diluents (1970)

A series of experiments was conducted to develop a "chemically defined" diluent for freezing bovine semen. Egg yolk protein, casein, egg yolk lipoprotein, bovine serum albumin, milk fat triglycerides, egg yolk phospholipids, cholesterol, and egg yolk lecithin were added, individually, in various concentrations, to several buffers as substitutes for milk or egg yolk. Per cent progressive motility of the spermatozoa was the criterion for evaluating the effect of the substitutes, the buffers, and the processing techniques.
Stella’s Role in Oocyte DNA Methylation Suggests Additional Activities of DNMT1 (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTStella's Role in Oocyte DNA Methylation Suggests Additional Activities of DNMT1Lea KieferLea KieferDepartment of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United StatesChemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United StatesMore by Lea Kiefer and Matthew D. Simon*Matthew D. SimonDepartment of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United StatesChemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States*E-mail: [email protected]More by Matthew D. Simonhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-7423-5265Cite this: Biochemistry 2019, 58, 14, 1833–1834Publication Date (Web):March 28, 2019Publication History Received25 February 2019Published online28 March 2019Published inissue 9 April 2019https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00146https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00146editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1271Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (594 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:DNA replication,Genetics,Genomics,Organic reactions,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Comparative Genome and Proteome Analysis of Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster (2002)

Comparison of the genomes and proteomes of the two diptera Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster, which diverged about 250 million years ago, reveals considerable similarities. However, numerous differences are also observed; some of these must reflect the selection and subsequent adaptation associated with different ecologies and life strategies. Almost half of the genes in both genomes are interpreted as orthologs and show an average sequence identity of about 56%, which is slightly lower than that observed between the orthologs of the pufferfish and human (diverged about 450 million years ago). This indicates that these two insects diverged considerably faster than vertebrates. Aligned sequences reveal that orthologous genes have retained only half of their intron/exon structure, indicating that intron gains or losses have occurred at a rate of about one per gene per 125 million years. Chromosomal arms exhibit significant remnants of homology between the two species, although only 34% of the genes colocalize in small "microsyntenic" clusters, and major interarm transfers as well as intra-arm shuffling of gene order are detected.
Response to the Reviews of <i>Challenging Nature</i> by Evelyne Shuster and Susan Blackmore (2009)

I first met Lee Silver in 1998 at the National Cathedral in Washington, DC, for a forum occasioned by the release of his book Remaking Eden: Cloning and Beyond in a Brave New World. We did not agree on much. For example, Silver wanted biotechnology to take charge of human reproduction and to fashion new humans. He called for a new science of 'reprogenetics', not old-fashioned parents, to 'remake Eden' by fabricating better babies (p. 9). And while praising 'fertility doctors' and their 'laborintensive[ness]' in assisted reproduction, he chose to remain silent on women's labor in childbirth. I recall a profound disconnect. Silver told us how much he cherished his family, his wife and three children, 'all three created the old fashioned way'. His untamed life with his family was the core of his world, but he wanted something different for everyone else. That disconnect between being an enjoyer of life's 'natural' pleasure, and being an hubristic utopian promoter of science and biotechnology continues and even intensifies in Silver's Challenging Nature: the Clash of Science and Spirituality at the New Frontiers of Life.
Recovery Effects in the Distributed Cycling of Flash Memories (2006)

Dielectric damage caused by program/erase cycling partially recovers during the delays between cycles. This paper characterizes the effect of these delays on the charge-detrapping data-retention mechanism. Delay effects are temperature accelerated with an activation energy of 1.1 eV. Using this activation energy, qualification cycling temperature and time can be chosen to emulate the rate of cycling expected in field use. Retention lifetime can be more than an order of magnitude greater after cycling with realistic delays than with the minimal delays common in qualification stresses. For purposes of extrapolating from one cycling rate or temperature to another, an empirical accelerated reliability model is proposed, based on a "unified detrapping metric" or UDM. The UDM comprehends the effects of cycle count, cycle rate, cycling temperature, retention time, and retention temperature
Effect of relative humidity and temperature control on in-cabin thermal comfort state (2011)

This dissertation discusses the effect of manipulating the relative humidity RH levels inside vehicular cabins on the thermal comfort and human occupants' thermal sensation. Three different techniques are used to investigate this effect. Firstly, thermodynamic and psychometric analyses are used to incorporate the effect of changing RH along with the dry bulb temperature on the human comfort window. Specifically, the study computes the effect of changing the relative humidity on the amount of heat rejected from the passenger compartment and the effect on occupants comfort zone. A practical system implementation is also discussed in terms of an evaporative cooler design. Secondly, a 3-D finite difference simulation is used to predict the RH effects on the thermal sensation metrics. The study uses the Berkeley and the Fanger models to investigate the human comfort using four specific perspectives; (i) the effect on other environmental conditions, (ii) the effect on the body segments temperature variation within the cabin, (iii) the cabin local sensation (LS) and comfort (LC) for the different body segments; in addition to the overall sensation (OS) and overall comfort (OC), (iv) the human sensation is also measured by the Predicted Mean Value (PMV) and the Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) indices during the summer and the winter periods following the Fanger model calculations. Thirdly, the analysis and modeling of the vehicular thermal comfort parameters is conducted using a set of designed experiments aided by thermography measurements. The experiments employed a full size climatic chamber to host the test vehicle, to accurately assess the transient and steady state temperature distributions of the test vehicle cabins. The experimental and simulation work show that controlling the RH levels along with the Dry Bulb Temperature helps the A/C system achieve the human comfort zone faster than the case if the RH value is not controlled. Also, the results show that changing the RH along with Dry Bulb Temperature inside vehicular cabins can improve the air conditioning efficiency by reducing the amount of heat removed. Finally, this work has developed the passenger thermal-comfort psychometric zones during summer and winter periods using Berkeley and Fanger models.
Elucidating the Effects of Metal Complexation on Morphological and Rheological Properties of Polymer Solutions by a Dissipative Particle Dynamics Model (2018)

When a salt is added to a polymer solution, metal cations may coordinate with polymer ligands forming interchain and intrachain links. Metal coordination leads to drastic changes of polymer morphology, formation of clusters, and, ultimately, a sol–gel transition that affect the solution rheology. Although metal coordination is ubiquitous in polymeric systems, the physical mechanisms of coordination-induced morphological and rheological changes are still poorly understood due to the multiscale nature of this phenomenon. Here, we propose a coarse-grained dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) model to study morphological and rheological properties of concentrated solutions of polymers in the presence of multivalent cations that can coordinate the polymer ligands. The coordinating metal is introduced as a 3D complex of planar, tetrahedral, or octahedral geometry with the central DPD bead representing the metal cation surrounded at the vertices by either four or six dummy beads representing coordination sites, some of which are occupied by counterions to provide electroneutrality of the complex. Coordination is modeled as the dynamic formation and dissociation of a reversible link between the vacant coordination site and a ligand described by the Morse potential. The proposed model is applied to study the specifics of the equilibrium morphology and shearing flow in polyvinylpyrrolidone–dimethylformamide solutions in the presence of metal chlorides. Coordination leads to interchain and intrachain cross-links as well as to metal cations grafted onto polymer chains by a single link. The interchain cross-links induce a sol–gel transition to a weak gel phase as the metal concentration increases. Because of the reversible nature of interchain cross-links, the weak gel phase behaves as a viscoelastic fluid, the viscosity of which gradually increases with the metal concentration and decreases as the shear rate increases. The change of viscosity due to interchain coordination cross-links scales with the interchain cross-link density and the metal concentration according to the power law with the exponent ν ≈ 1.15. The influence of the grafted metal atoms on the viscosity is found to be much weaker, while the effect of the intrachain cross-links is found to be negligible. The simulation results are in qualitative agreement with available literature data. The proposed DPD model provides a physical insight into the morphological features of polymer solutions in the presence of multivalent slats and can be extended to other coordinating systems such as metal-substituted polyelectrolytes.
Sickle cell mouse models are hot! (2003)

The development of ingenious mouse models of sickle cell disease by variable loss or removal of mouse globin genes and transgenic introduction of human α and βSand/or βS-Antilles globin genes has profoundly improved the opportunities to understand the complex pathophysiology of the sickling