gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunization with malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) reduces atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice challenged with Porphyromonas gingivalis (2014)

Periodontal infections increase the risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease via partly unresolved mechanisms. Of the natural IgM Abs that recognize molecular mimicry on bacterial epitopes and modified lipid and protein structures, IgM directed against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is associated with atheroprotective properties. Here, the effect of natural immune responses to malondialdehyde-modified LDL (MDA-LDL) in conferring protection against atherosclerosis, which was accelerated by the major periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, was investigated. LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mice were immunized with mouse MDA-LDL without adjuvant before topical application challenge with live P. gingivalis. Atherosclerosis was analyzed after a high-fat diet, and plasma IgG and IgM Ab levels were measured throughout the study, and the secretion of IL-5, IL-10 and IFN-γ in splenocytes stimulated with MDA-LDL was determined. LDLR(-/-) mice immunized with MDA-LDL had elevated IgM and IgG levels to MDA-LDL compared with saline-treated controls. MDA-LDL immunization diminished aortic lipid depositions after challenge with P. gingivalis compared with mice receiving only P. gingivalis challenge. Immunization of LDLR(-/-) mice with homologous MDA-LDL stimulated the production of IL-5, implicating general activation of B-1 cells. Immune responses to MDA-LDL protected from the P. gingivalis-accelerated atherosclerosis. Thus, the linkage between bacterial infectious burden and atherogenesis is suggested to be modulated via natural IgM directed against cross-reactive epitopes on bacteria and modified LDL.
Outlying Sequence Detection in Large Data Sets: A data-driven approach (2014)

Outliers refer to observations that do not conform to the expected patterns in high-dimensional data sets. When such outliers signify risks (e.g., in fraud detection) or opportunities (e.g., in spectrum sensing), harnessing the costs associated with the risks or missed opportunities necessitates mechanisms that can identify them effectively. Designing such mechanisms involves striking an appropriate balance between reliability and cost of sensing, as two opposing performance measures, where improving one tends to penalize the other. This article poses and analyzes outlying sequence detection in a hypothesis testing framework under different outlier recovery objectives and different degrees of knowledge about the underlying statistics of the outliers.
Supplementary Tables S1-S5 from Identification of Variant-Specific Functions of <i>PIK3CA</i> by Rapid Phenotyping of Rare Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer from the COSMIC database (S1); Predictions by computational algorithms on the consequences of PIK3CA missense mutations (S2); Mutagenic primer and barcode sequences of PIK3CA constructs and HiTMMoB reaction efficiencies (S3); Representative phenotyping for PIK3CA variants (S4); Barcode representation for PIK3CA variants in each sequenced tumor core (S5).&lt;/p&gt;
Thermodynamics of removing impurities during copper smelting (1969)

AbstractAbstractThe removal of impurities from matte and from copper during copper smelting is discussed thermodynamically. Two mechanisms are considered: oxidation followed by slagging; and volatilization. In matte, most of the undesirable impurities such as lead, antimony, bismuth and arsenic are not removed by oxidation, but rather by volatilization. When white metal and metallic copper are in coexistence, these impurities are distributed mainly into the copper phase, from which their removal is difficult. Elimination of the various elements from blister copper is discussed, and the behaviour of sulphur and oxygen in metallic copper is analyzed thermodynamically. Résumé Les auteurs se servent de l' énergétique pour expliquer l' élimination d'impurités de la matte et du cuivre au cours do smeltage. Ils considèrent deux mécanismes d' élimination: l'oxydation suiviede solubilisation des oxydes dans la scorie,et la volatilisation. Dans le cas de la matte, les impurités indésirées telles que le plomb, l'antimoine, le bismuth et l'arsenic ne disparaissent pas par oxydation, mais par volatilisation. Lorsque la matte blanche est en équilibre avec le cuivre métallique, les impuretés se trouvent surtout dans la phase cuivre, d'oú leur extraction est difficile. L' élimination des éléments du cuivre blister est discutée et le comportement du soufre et de l'oxygène dans le cuivre métallique est traité par énergétique.
Out of the Black Box: Properties of deep neural networks and their applications (2018)

Deep neural networks are powerful machine learning approaches that have exhibited excellent results on many classification tasks. However, they are considered as black boxes and some of their properties remain to be formalized. In the context of image recognition, it is still an arduous task to understand why an image is recognized or not. In this study, we formalize some properties shared by eight state-of-the-art deep neural networks in order to grasp the principles allowing a given deep neural network to classify an image. Our results, tested on these eight networks, show that an image can be sub-divided into several regions (patches) responding at different degrees of probability (local property). With the same patch, some locations in the image can answer two (or three) orders of magnitude higher than other locations (spatial property). Some locations are activators and others inhibitors (activation-inhibition property). The repetition of the same patch can increase (or decrease) the probability of recognition of an object (cumulative property). Furthermore, we propose a new approach called Deepception that exploits these properties to deceive a deep neural network. We obtain for the VGG-VDD-19 neural network a fooling ratio of 88\%. Thanks to our "Psychophysics" approach, no prior knowledge on the networks architectures is required.
Plasma concentrations of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in Patients with Substance Use Disorders and Comorbid Major Depressive Disorders (2021)

Abstract Aims: Granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF) has raised much interest due to its role to cocaine addiction in preclinical models. We analyzed the circulating expression of G-CSF in abstinent chronic users of alcohol and/or cocaine with or without comorbid major depressive disorders to investigate the role of this trophic factor with complicated substance use disorders. Methods: We recruited 176 patients and 136 controls. Patients were divided in 50 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 126 abstinent substance use disorders (SUD) patients undergoing treatments for alcohol (N=66) or cocaine (N=60) addiction according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. A blood sample was collected to examine plasma concentrations of G-CSF. Results: The plasma concentrations of G-CSF were significantly decreased in the cocaine group compared with the SUD control group. There was a sex dimorphism in the alcohol group, with lower G-CSF concentrations in women compared with men. Plasma concentrations of G-CSF were associated with abstinence and with the length of alcohol problems. The decrease in G-CSF was associated with comorbid MDD, a finding specific for SUD patients since there were no alterations of G-CSF primary settings MDD outpatients. Conclusions: Circulating G-CSF is reduced in SUD patients, being associated to comorbid MDD. A sex-dependent effect was observed in female AUD. Plasma G-CSF concentrations might be used as a predictor of length of chronic alcohol use and as a stratification role in the dual diagnosis in SUD. Further investigation is needed to explore the role of G-CSF as potential biomarker of pathogenic/prognosis in SUD population.
Catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles deposited on N-doped carbon-based supports in oxidation of glucose and arabinose mixtures (2021)

Abstract Oxidation of a mixture of glucose and arabinose over Au particles deposited on porous carbons, N-doped carbons and carbon nitrides was investigated at 70 °C, under constant pH of 8, and oxygen partial pressure 0.125 atm. In particular, Au deposited on nitrogen-containing carbon-based mesoporous structures demonstrated activity in the oxidation of the sugars to the corresponding aldonic acids higher than gold deposited on undoped carbon supports (conversion of glucose up to ca. 60%, arabinose–ca. 30% after 200 min). The results can be explained by the basic nature of the supports leading to an increase in the polarity of the carbon surface and the oxygen activation. Glucuronic acid (with selectivity ca. 10–93.5%) together with gluconic acid was formed as a result of glucose oxidation, while arabinose was selectively oxidized to arabinonic acid.
Securing water for trees and people: possible avenues (2011)

In the context of water scarcity, threats on forest survival in drier areas, and thus of inevitable trade-off between man and nature for the use of water, this section addresses three main questions of importance for foresters and land-use planners:&#13;\na) Can vegetation (upper- and understorey) management techniques in existing forest&#13;\necosystems reduce water stress for trees?&#13;\nb) Can vegetation management and land-use planning increase the availability of&#13;\nblue water and green water for other uses than the forest?&#13;\nc) To what extent and in what conditions can green water be directed to tree plantations?
College of American Pathologists Mycobacteriology E Proficiency Testing Survey. Summary of participant performance, 1979-1992. (1995)

The College of American Pathologists first offered a program of proficiency testing in mycobacteriology in 1969 to laboratories that offered any extent of diagnostic service. This program was intended to provide a mechanism for evaluation of methods of staining, culture, identification, and susceptibility testing. From 1979 to 1992, the period covered by this review, participation in the Mycobacteriology E Survey increased almost sixfold. On graded smears to be stained for detection of acid-fast bacilli, more than 85% of Extent 4 and Extent 3 laboratories and more than 80% of Extent 2 laboratories responded correctly to all specimens except one. Performance on specimens that contained Mycobacterium tuberculosis was similar for Extent 4 and Extent 3 laboratories. For all specimens containing M tuberculosis, a mean of more than 90% of Extent 4 and Extent 3 laboratories provided a correct identification each year except 1979, when a mean of 83% of Extent 3 laboratories responded correctly. Only Extent 4 laboratories were required to identify isolates other than M tuberculosis to the species level. For specimens that contained nontuberculous mycobacteria, the means of the yearly averages of correct responses for Extent 4 laboratories were 90% or greater for M kansasii, M marinum, M avium complex, and M fortuitum-chelonae complex and less than 85% for M bovis, M simiae, M scrofulaceum, M szulgai, M flavescens, M xenopi, M terrae complex, and M gastri. In general, on these same specimens, a slightly higher percentage of Extent 3 laboratories (which were required to identify only M tuberculosis to the species or complex level) gave correct or acceptable responses, and the performance of Extent 2 laboratories (which were only required to report whether or not a mycobacterium was present) was the best of all extents. The data suggest that laboratory performance improved somewhat after initial experience with uncommonly encountered organisms. For the most part, however, performance with a given species changed minimally from year to year.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of the STE7 and STE11 Genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1985)

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, haploid cells occur in one of the two cell types, a or alpha. The allele present at the mating type (MAT) locus plays a prominent role in the control of cell type expression. An important consequence of the elaboration of cell type is the ability of cells of one mating type to conjugate with cells of the opposite mating type, resulting in yet a third cell type, an a/alpha diploid. Numerous genes that are involved in the expression of cell type and the conjugation process have been identified by standard genetic techniques. Molecular analysis has shown that expression of several of these genes is subject to control on the transcriptional level by the MAT locus. Two genes, STE7 and STE11, are required for mating in both haploid cell types; ste7 and ste11 mutants are sterile. We report here the molecular cloning of STE7 and STE11 genes and show that expression of these genes is not regulated transcriptionally by the MAT locus. We also have genetically mapped the STE11 gene to chromosome XII, 40 centimorgans from ura4.
UDP‐Glucuronosyltransferases (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction A Simple Phenotype: Unconjugated Nonhemolytic Hyperbilirubinemia and Glucuronidation Organization of UGTs and the UGT1A Gene Locus UGT1A Gene Nomenclature Human UGT1A Gene Locus and Sequence Variability Glucuronidation of Bilirubin UGT1A1 Gene Is There an Advantage or Risk Associated with UGT1A1 Variability? UGT1A1 Gene and Pharmacogenetic Protection UGT1A1 Gene and Pharmacogenetic Risks UGT1A1 Variability and Cancer Risk UGT1A3 Gene UGT1A7 Gene Transcriptional Regulation of UGT1A Genes Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor/Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator Regulation of UGT1A Genes Regulation by Hepatic Nuclear Factors Regulation by the Farnesoid X Receptor Regulation by Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Regulation by Splice Variants Animal Models to Study UGT1A Genes Outlook Acknowledgments References
UCS1025A (I) and B (II), New Antitumor Antibiotics from the Fungus Acremonium Species (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The diagnosis and treatment of infectious vaginitis (2004)

Inflammation of the vagina as a result of infectious agents is very common, both as an overgrowth of normal or common colonizers, or as a frank infection. The most common causes of infectious vaginitis are yeast, bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and parasites. Infections of the vagina produce an increase in vaginal secretion, vulvar symptoms of itching or irritation from contact with irritating vaginal fluid, and sometimes odor. A careful microscopic examination of vaginal secretions generally yields the correct diagnosis, but atypical or recalcitrant disease deserves a confirmatory culture, as noninfectious inflammatory processes can produce similar symptoms.
Innovative streamline‐flow preserving actuation strategies for wing airfoil nose (2011)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on a morphing architecture, conceived to produce droop nose effect, thus preserving high lift performance and laminar flow. Design/methodology/approach A numerical approach was adopted. On the base of preliminary aerodynamic requirements, the main aspects of the actuation architecture were defined and then assessed through a genetic approach. Findings Two different working modalities of mentioned architecture were identified: the former implying the use of an actuator, the latter taking advantage of a tailored elastic element, able to actuate morphing under the action of aerodynamic loads, without the aid of actuators. Research limitations/implications The research presented in this work refers to an optimisation process currently tailored on preliminary aerodynamic requirements (leading edge vertical displacement maximisation, leading edge radius increase). Originality/value The research shows the possibility of producing morphing on the leading edge zone, actuating droop nose effect on metallic (constant and pice wise thickness) and composite skins.
Weak keys of IDEA (1993)

Abstract. Large classes of weak keys have been found for the block cipher algorithm IDEA, previously known as IPES [2]. IDEA has a 128-bit key and encrypts blocks of 64 bits. For a class of 223 keys IDEA exhibits a linear factor. For a certain class of 235 keys the cipher has a global characteristic with probability 1. For another class of 251 keys only two encryptions and solving a set of 16 nonlinear boolean equations with 12 variables is su±cient to test if the used key belongs to this class. If it does, its particular value can be calculated e±ciently. It is shown that the problem of weak keys can be eliminated by slightly modifying the key schedule of IDEA. 1
Research Strategies for Development of an Efficient and Effective Electrocatalyst for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells and Progress Summary (2008)

The current electrocatalyst formulation for the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), platinum supported on carbon (Pt/C), is known to be an effective promoter of redox reactions in fuel cells. However, the cost of Pt (currently ~$2,000/troy ounce) hinders its use as a practical catalyst in commercial fuel cell-powered vehicles at current platinum loading. Another issue with respect to adoption of any electrocatalyst for vehicle applications is durability, especially in light of transportation drive cycle operation with start/stop, start-up/shut-down, and transient requirements. Thus, a robust alternative to current Pt/C technology is needed as the PEMFC electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the cathode. The U.S. Department of Energy is funding cathode catalyst research on low-platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts, including alloys and core-shell systems, and on non-PGM catalysts. This paper provides an overview of the issues, approaches, and status of the research.
DENSIFICATION AND SELF-HEALING PERFORMANCE OF MORTAR WITH CLINKER FINE AGGREGATE (2013)

クリンカ細骨材をモルタルに用い、モルタルの緻密化と、微細ひび割れを導入した後の自己治癒性能を検討した。収縮-逸散水量関係を用いた分析により、クリンカ細骨材の界面領域が緻密になることを推察し、反射電子像による分析で検証した。クリンカ細骨材モルタルは、普通細骨材モルタルより逸散水量が大幅に低減し、収縮量は同程度以下であった。短繊維を混入したモルタルに圧縮載荷で導入した微細ひび割れの幅は0.02～0.1mm程度であり、クリンカ細骨材を用いた場合に治癒効果が卓越した。微細ひび割れの治癒を収縮-逸散水量関係、EPMA、吸水抵抗性の観点から確認した。
Polar Flagellar Motility of the Vibrionaceae (2001)

Polar flagella of Vibrio species can rotate at speeds as high as 100,000 rpm and effectively propel the bacteria in liquid as fast as 60 microm/s. The sodium motive force powers rotation of the filament, which acts as a propeller. The filament is complex, composed of multiple subunits, and sheathed by an extension of the cell outer membrane. The regulatory circuitry controlling expression of the polar flagellar genes of members of the Vibrionaceae is different from the peritrichous system of enteric bacteria or the polar system of Caulobacter crescentus. The scheme of gene control is also pertinent to other members of the gamma purple bacteria, in particular to Pseudomonas species. This review uses the framework of the polar flagellar system of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to provide a synthesis of what is known about polar motility systems of the Vibrionaceae. In addition to its propulsive role, the single polar flagellum of V. parahaemolyticus is believed to act as a tactile sensor controlling surface-induced gene expression. Under conditions that impede rotation of the polar flagellum, an alternate, lateral flagellar motility system is induced that enables movement through viscous environments and over surfaces. Although the dual flagellar systems possess no shared structural components and although distinct type III secretion systems direct the simultaneous placement and assembly of polar and lateral organelles, movement is coordinated by shared chemotaxis machinery.
Skew Estimation and Compensation in Tape Drives With Flangeless Rollers (2013)

Magnetic tape remains the medium of choice for long-term data storage at the lowest possible cost. Moreover, tape-cartridge capacities are expected to maintain a compound annual growth rate of about 40%, resulting in a 128 TByte tape-cartridge capacity by 2022, as forecast by the Information Storage Industry Consortium (INSIC) roadmap [1]. To achieve these capacities in future tape products, the data track width has to be aggressively reduced through ultra-precise tape head positioning.
Dietary Intakes and Circulating Concentrations of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Relation to Incident Type 2 Diabetes Risk Among High-Risk Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2018)

Independent of BMI and other risk factors, higher diet and plasma BCAA concentrations were associated with an increased incident T2D risk among high-risk women with a history of gestational diabetes, supporting impaired BCAA metabolism as conferring T2D risk.
Formation of glucuronoxylan linked to protein in plant Golgi and plasma membranes (1991)

Conference Article| August 01 1991 Formation of glucuronoxylan linked to protein in plant Golgi and plasma membranes ELIAS A-H. BAYDOUN; ELIAS A-H. BAYDOUN AFN1 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MICHAEL C. HOBBS; MICHAEL C. HOBBS 1Department of Botany, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MARC H. P. DELARGE; MARC H. P. DELARGE 1Department of Botany, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MARY J. FARMER; MARY J. FARMER AFN2 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar KEITH W. WALDRON; KEITH W. WALDRON AFN3 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CHRISTOPHER T. BRETT CHRISTOPHER T. BRETT 1Department of Botany, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1991) 19 (3): 250S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst019250s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ELIAS A-H. BAYDOUN, MICHAEL C. HOBBS, MARC H. P. DELARGE, MARY J. FARMER, KEITH W. WALDRON, CHRISTOPHER T. BRETT; Formation of glucuronoxylan linked to protein in plant Golgi and plasma membranes. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1991; 19 (3): 250S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst019250s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: BD: blue dextran, DNP-Lys: dinitrophenyl-lysine, ER: endoplasmic reticulum, GA: Golgi apparatus, GlcA: glucuronic acid: GT: glucuronyltransferase, PM: plasma membrane, Xyl: xylose This content is only available as a PDF. © 1991 Biochemical Society1991 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
<title>Double-diffusive convection during growth of lead bromide crystals</title> (1997)

Experiments were performed in controlled conditions to understand both morphological and convective instabilities and results were compared with the theoretical calculations. The sharp contrast between the solid (yellow) and the liquid (bright red) phases makes this transparent lead bromide a very suitable material for such an investigation. Crystals doped with 5000 ppm silver bromide were grown. The experimental observations agree with the preliminary results of the numerical prediction. Further, toroidal instabilities resulting from double diffusive convection were observed during crystal growth. Crystals for these interfacial observations were grown in a two zone vertical Bridgman furnace. The acoustic properties were better in doped rather than undoped crystals. Crystals were characterized by x-ray rocking curves and contour scans. Crystals grown at lower Rayleigh numbers showed better quality than crystals grown at higher Rayleigh numbers.