gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Agonist‐induced morphologic decrease in cellular d1A dopamine receptor staining (1997)

The distribution of D1A dopamine (DA) receptor proteins was assessed by using subtype specific antireceptor antisera after acute DA exposure. The immunofluorescent staining of D1A DA receptor protein expression was examined in (1) stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, (2) primary striatal cell cultures, and (3) rat striatal brain slices. After agonist exposure as brief as 2 min and as long as 60 min, profound loss of immunofluorescent D1A receptor protein staining occurred in each paradigm. Additionally in the tissue slice, immunofluorescent neuropil staining for the receptor protein also was attenuated. The DA-induced alteration in receptor protein staining was blocked by the antagonist (+)-butaclamol and by the selective D1-family antagonist SCH 23390. Receptor staining patterns reverted back to the control immunofluorescent distribution within 15 min after removing the agonist from the bath. Immunofluorescence for the second-messenger cyclic AMP increased at all DA exposure times in the three experimental paradigms, was blocked by D1-family antagonists, and decreased to basal staining after brief recovery periods. This demonstrated the functional integrity of the D1A receptor in target cells. Pretreatment with the mitogenic plant lectin concanavalin A blocked the immunofluorescent decrease in receptor staining but not the elevation of the second messenger, indicating a morphologic distinction in these two events, parallel to other biochemical reports. The data suggested that a morphologic basis of acute homologous D1A DA receptor desensitization may be transposition of membrane-surface receptors to a transiently unavailable, intracellular compartment. This finding is supported by specific fluorescence incorporation of FM1-43, used as a marker of endocytosis, in CHO cells treated with DA. Synapse 27:313–321, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mast cell stimulation by monoclonal antibodies specific for the Fcϵ receptor yields distinct responses of arachidonic acid and leukotriene C4 secretion (1989)

The release of arachidonic acid ([3H]AA) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from the rat mucosal mast cells of the RBL-2H3 line stimulated by Fc epsilon receptor-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb), by IgE and multivalent antigen, or by Ca2+ ionophores, was investigated. In parallel, secretion of the granular enzyme beta-hexosaminidase was also assayed. The release of [3H]AA and LTC4 in response to stimulation by three Fc epsilon RI-specific mAb shows similar quantitative differences to those observed for the secretion of granule-stored mediators. The mAb F4 induced a substantial release of both [3H]AA and LTC4, which is as high as that induced by IgE and multivalent antigen. mAb J17 and H10 were found to induce an insignificant release of [3H]AA, but while J17 did induce release of LTC4, H10 failed to induce it, even though both J17 and H10 caused substantial release of beta-hexosaminidase. Ca2+ ionophores were found to be relatively more effective in inducing release of [3H]AA and LTC4 than in causing the secretion of granular mediators, as compared to cell stimulation by Fc epsilon RI aggregation. These results illustrate that the cell responses of degranulation and de novo synthesis and release of mediators have different sensitivities to stimulation by (a) configurationally distinct Fc epsilon RI dimers, (b) Fc epsilon RI aggregates induced by IgE and multivalent antigen, and (c) Ca2+ ionophores.
Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Nanoparticles from a Group of Uniform Materials Based on Organic Salts (2009)

The size and uniformity of magnetic nanoparticles developed from a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS) were controlled using an in situ ion exchange, water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion preparation. Most of these nanoGUMBOS are in fact ionic liquids (i.e., melting points less than 100 degrees C), while others have melting points above the conventional 100 degrees C demarcation. Simple variations in the reagent concentrations following a w/o approach allowed us to smoothly and predictably vary nanoparticle dimensions across a significant size regime with excellent uniformity. Average sizes of GUMBOS particles ranging from 14 to 198 nm were achieved by manipulation of the reagent concentration, for example. Controllable formation of this new breed of nanoparticles is important for numerous potential applications and will open up interesting new opportunities in drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, and protein separations, among other areas.
Crystal Structure and Substrate Binding Modeling of the Uroporphyrinogen-III Decarboxylase from Nicotiana tabacum (2001)

The enzymatic catalysis of many biological processes of life is supported by the presence of cofactors and prosthetic groups originating from the common tetrapyrrole precursor uroporphyrinogen-III. Uroporphyrinogen-III decarboxylase catalyzes its conversion into coproporphyrinogen-III, leading in plants to chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis. Here we report the first crystal structure of a plant (Nicotiana tabacum) uroporphyrinogen-III decarboxylase, together with the molecular modeling of substrate binding in tobacco and human enzymes. Its structural comparison with the homologous human protein reveals a similar catalytic cleft with six invariant polar residues, Arg(32), Arg(36), Asp(82), Ser(214) (Thr in Escherichia coli), Tyr(159), and His(329) (tobacco numbering). The functional relationships obtained from the structural and modeling analyses of both enzymes allowed the proposal for a refined catalytic mechanism. Asp(82) and Tyr(159) seem to be the catalytic functional groups, whereas the other residues may serve in substrate recognition and binding, with Arg(32) steering its insertion. The crystallographic dimer appears to represent the protein dimer under physiological conditions. The dimeric arrangement offers a plausible mechanism at least for the first two (out of four) decarboxylation steps.
Central Venous Catheterization (2007)

The placement of a central venous line is an essential technique in the treatment of many hospitalized patients. This video will demonstrate the placement of a central venous catheter in the internal jugular vein with the use of one of several variations of the Seldinger technique. An additional video on subclavian line placement will be forthcoming. We will demonstrate and review the regional anatomy of the neck, indications for the insertion of a central line, the recommended site and technique for placement of a line in the internal jugular vein, selected complications associated with the procedure, and suggestions for . . . .
TBCRC 011: Targeting the androgen receptor (AR) for the treatment of AR+/ER-/PR- metastatic breast cancer (MBC). (2011)

TPS122 Background: Patients with ER-/PR- MBC do not benefit from endocrine therapy. Doane et al. described a subgroup of ER-/PR- breast cancers with a gene expression profile similar to ER+ tumors but characterized by AR expression (Oncogene 2006). Farmer et al. identified an AR+ER-, non-basal-like group of breast tumors in a separate data set and termed them molecular apocrine breast cancer (Oncogene 2005). In vitro studies with the MDA-MB-453 cell-line, which is representative of this subtype, demonstrated AR-dependent growth and supported AR inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach for these patients (Doane et al., Oncogene 2006). We are testing the efficacy of the AR antagonist, bicalutamide (B) for patients with AR+/ER-/PR- MBC in a multicenter Phase II trial. Clinical trial registry #: NCT00468715. Methods: Patients with ER-/PR- (immunohistochemistry (IHC) <10%) MBC consent to AR testing, confirmed centrally at MSKCC. Patients may undergo AR testing while receiving non-protocol therapy and later begin bicalutamide at disease progression if otherwise eligible. If AR+ (IHC ≥ 10%), patients are eligible for treatment with bicalutamide if they have: ECOG performance status (PS) < 2, adequate renal, hepatic and bone marrow function, measurable/non-measurable disease. Any number of prior regimens is permitted. Treatment consists of bicalutamide 150 mg orally daily (cycle length = 28 days). Patients are evaluated for toxicity every 4 weeks and for response every 12 weeks. Primary endpoint: complete response (CR) + partial response (PR) + stable disease >6 months (SD). Secondary endpoints: PFS, toxicity, correlative studies to better characterize this subtype of breast cancer. Using a single-stage design, if ≥4 patients of 28 have CR, PR or SD, then bicalutamide will be considered worthy of further study for patients with AR+/ER-/PR- MBC. As of 12/30/10, 230 patients have consented for AR testing and 27 have AR+ disease. Sixteen of a planned 28 patients have started protocol therapy with bicalutamide. The other 11 patients pre-screened as AR+ will be offered bicalutamide when appropriate. Supported by TBCRC, Breast Cancer Alliance and AstraZeneca.
Parallel‐transmission‐enabled three‐dimensional T2‐weighted imaging of the human brain at 7 Tesla (2014)

This work demonstrates that the adopted formalism based on optimal control, combined with the kT -point method, successfully enables three-dimensional T2 -weighted brain imaging at 7T devoid of artifacts resulting from B1 (+) inhomogeneity.
β-Homoalanyl PNAs: Synthesis and Indication of Higher Ordered Structures (1998)

Self-pairing complexes with extraordinarily high stability are formed by β-PNAs with four to six units of the nucleo-β-amino acid 1. The key step in the synthesis is a Mitsunobu reaction between a β-homoserine and a purine derivative.
Annexin 1 expression and phosphorylation are upregulated during liver regeneration and transformation in antithrombin iii sv40 t large antigen transgenic mice (2000)

We have used a transgenic animal model, which constitutively develops hepatocarcinoma (Antithrombin III SV40 T large Antigen: ASV), to study the involvement of Annexin 1 (ANX1) in liver regeneration and malignant transformation. Primary hepatocytes isolated from normal mice did not express ANX1. In contrast, ANX1 was strongly expressed in hepatocytes of transgenic mice during constitutive development of hepatocarcinoma. In ASV transgenic mice, an elevated ANX1 level preceded the appearance of the tumor, indicating that it could be a good marker in the diagnosis of cancer. One-third hepatectomy in normal mice resulted in stimulation of ANX1 synthesis and phosphorylation. This upregulation correlated with increased synthesis of EGF and consequently with increased phosphorylation of the EGF receptor (EGF-R). Stable transfection of a hepatocyte cell line derived from ASV transgenic mice (mhAT2) with antisense complementary DNA for ANX1 reduced the proliferation rate as well as cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) activity. Thus, ANX1 expression and phosphorylation could be a factor implicated in liver regeneration and tumorigenesis, either through modulation of cPLA(2) activity or EGF-R function.
X-ray diagnostics of plasma focus DPF-78 discharge with heavy-gas admixtures (1995)

The x-ray structure (λ&amp;lt;10 Å) of the DPF-78 discharge was investigated with different heavy-gas admixtures to a basic D2 filling. A possible classification of plasma features is proposed. Micropinches with an unusual high aspect ratio of about 10:1 were found. Soft x-ray spectra of single micropinches were registered on film. The use of x-ray spectroscopic methods by means of spectra simulation codes allowed us to estimate the parameters of particular types of pinches with axial size of 0.5 mm and full radial size of 0.05 mm. In the He-like ionization state we obtained ne≊3×1021 cm−3 and Te≊0.8 keV. The electron temperature determined in the H-like ionization stage was considerably higher, Te≊2 keV, indicating a strong ionizing plasma. Possible deviations from the Bennett condition are discussed in connection with the spectroscopic results.
Figure S6 from Type I Interferon Signaling via the EGR2 Transcriptional Regulator Potentiates CAR T Cell–Intrinsic Dysfunction (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Pathways regulated by EGR2 in CD8+ CAR T-cells. (A-C) Top pathways differentially expressed in EGR2 knockout CD8+ CAR-T cells compared to AAVS1 knockout CAR T-cells. Libraries used in this enrichment analysis: A, Reactome 2016. B, NCI-Nature Pathway Interaction Database 2015. C, ARCHS4 transcription factor (TF) co-expression.&lt;/p&gt;
SEI Layer Formation on Amorphous Si Thin Electrode during Precycling (2007)

The morphological and compositional changes of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer formed on the surface of Si thin electrodes during precycling were investigated. At the beginning of charging, the native layer ( and silanol) covering the surface of the Si thin electrode is readily destroyed and a new SEI layer is formed by the decomposition of both organic solvents and anions. At this stage, the interfacial resistance decreases to a minimum level. Thereafter, the interfacial resistance increases with charging due to the growth of an SEI layer, which is mainly originated from the decomposition of organic solvents. During the discharging process, an SEI layer was formed mainly by the decomposition of anions.
Application of Infra-Free Motherboard (IFM) in a Decentralized Community for a Customized Real-time Processing Multidirectional Energy Supply Network (2009)

Decentralized resource management is a promising field as it has the ability to lessen impact on Earth′s climate change, assist with renewable technology development, increase equity in the distribution and consumption of resources, decrease vulnerability and enable participation of local people and businesses in the supply of technologies. Alternative energy and water resources are widely researched to provide self-sufficiency in scales of single houses to communities, but are still limited to demographical, technological, economical and social factors, which vary around the globe. Infra-Free (IF) is an academic research that seeks a synergy between relevant research fields to promote different decentralization scenarios for combined energy and water technologies with best-performance. The Infra-Free Motherboard (IFM) is a proposal for a standardized platform, where installed technologies integrate within a household as robotic systems that evolve into a self-aware artificial platform to provide customized resource management. It addresses a multidirectional, real-time processing artificial resource management system that could develop its own skills by close interaction with the environment and the user. The system is enhanced with algorithms and dynamic systems to provide communication between different co-evolving systems that plug-in, adapt, evaluate and finally, customize themselves to dynamically changing environments due to resource availability, local needs, technology readiness and individual choices. The multidirectional real-time processing system further extends into a community application, where intelligent self-learning systems are aware of the amount and availability of resources in the whole network (community) and control the distribution between subsystems (houses) using best performance principles. Finally, this provides a dynamically transforming community that learns, adapts and redesigns itself. In this paper; at first, we introduce the standardized IFM and modular sub-system architecture. Next, we describe the hardware (platform) and software (self-learning process) architecture for the purpose to realize a customized real-time energy management system in a community of interconnected houses with a special focus on energy equation strategies. Next, we study a scenario to apply IFM in a small-scale community (100 people) in Masdar in 2012; integrated with a plug-in car concept, CO2recycle, evaporative cooling and Stirling engine system. Finally, we analyze the energy equalization potential of IFM in a computer simulation for a 6-household cluster (25 people).
A Multimodal Biometric Recognition of Touched Fingerprint and Finger-Vein (2011)

multimodal biometric systems have been widely used to overcome the limitation of unimodal biometric systems and to achieve high recognition accuracy. However, users feel inconvenience because most of the multimodal systems require several steps in order to acquire multimodal biometric data, which also requires the specific behaviors of users. In this research, we propose a new multimodal biometric recognition of touched fingerprint and finger-vein. This paper is novel in the following four ways. First, we can get a fingerprint and a finger-vein image at the same time by the proposed device, which acquires the fingerprint and finger-vein images from the first and second knuckles of finger, respectively. Second, the device's size is so small that we can adopt it on a mobile device, easily. Third, fingerprint recognition is done based on the minutia points of ridge area and finger-vein recognition is performed based on local binary pattern (LBP) with appearance information of finger area. Fourth, based on decision level fusion, we combined two results of fingerprint and finger-vein recognition. Experimental results confirmed the efficiency and usefulness of the proposed method.
IL-1 gene cluster polymorphisms and development of primary gastric B-cell lymphoma in Helicobacter pylori infection (2004)

In addition to bacterial virulence factors, host immune response plays a pivotal role in the outcome of chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. The capacity of the host to mount an interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-driven response is influenced by sequence variants in the IL-1/IL-1RN cluster.[1][1]

El-Omar
Supplementary Table 1 from General Transcription Factor Binding at CpG Islands in Normal Cells Correlates with Resistance to <i>De novo</i> DNA Methylation in Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from General Transcription Factor Binding at CpG Islands in Normal Cells Correlates with Resistance to &lt;i&gt;De novo&lt;/i&gt; DNA Methylation in Cancer Cells
Shock Protection of Portable Electronic Products: Shock Response Spectrum, Damage Boundary Approach, and Beyond (1997)

The pervasive shock response spectrum (SRS) and damage boundary methods for evaluating product fragility and designing external cushioning for shock protection are described in detail with references to the best available literature. Underlying assumptions are carefully reviewed and the central message of the SRS is highlighted, particularly as it relates to standardized drop testing. Shortcomings of these methods are discussed, and the results are extended to apply to more general systems. Finally some general packaging and shock-mounting strategies are discussed in the context of protecting a fragile disk drive in a notebook computer, although the conclusions apply to other products as well. For example, exterior only cushioning (with low restitution to reduce subsequent impacts) will provide a slenderer form factor than the next best strategy: interior cushioning with a “dead” hard outer shell.
Wireless bridging and routing method employing a novel frame transfer protocol with shortcut (2004)

This paper presents a new wireless bridging and routing method for ad-hoc networks comprised of wireless bridges and/or wireless routers that comply with IEEE 802.11, a global standard for wireless LAN systems. This wireless bridging and routing method uses a novel frame transfer protocol with shortcut (FRASH) that we developed; that users can establish flexible and high speed ad-hoc wireless LANs easily at their offices and houses. This paper clarifies that the proposed bridging and routing method achieves higher throughput and less forwarding delay than the conventional transparent bridging protocol (TBP) by computer simulations, theoretical analysis, and experiments using a prototype wireless bridge and router device (WBR).
Performance of the APEX 40-MeV photoinjector-driven linear accelerator (1992)

Since the mid‐1980s, Scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory have been developing photocathode rf guns for high‐brightness electron‐beam applications, such as free‐electron lasers (FELs). The technology has matured to the point where we now have a routinely operating 40‐MeV linac and FEL that uses a a photocathode as its electron source. In this paper, we describe the APEX accelerator’s performance, with an emphasis on the photocathode’s unique features.
Positive Allosteric Modulation of CD11b as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy Against Lung Cancer (2020)

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the United States. A major hurdle for improved therapies is immune suppression mediated by the tumor and its microenvironment. The lung tumor microenvironment (TME) contains large numbers of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which suppress the adaptive immune response, increase neo-vascularization of the tumor, and provide pro-tumor factors to promote tumor growth. CD11b is highly expressed on myeloid cells, including TAMs, where it forms a heterodimeric integrin receptor with CD18 (known as CD11b/CD18, Mac-1, CR3, and αMβ2), and plays an important role in recruitment and biological functions of these cells, and is a validated therapeutic target. Here, we describe our pre-clinical studies targeting CD11b in the context of lung cancer, using pharmacologic and genetic approaches that work via positive allosteric modulation of CD11b function. GB1275 is a novel small molecule modulator of CD11b that is currently in Phase 1/2 clinical development. We assess GB1275 treatment effects on tumor growth and immune infiltrates in the murine Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) syngeneic tumor model. Additionally, as an orthogonal approach to determine mechanisms of action, we utilize our recently developed novel CD11b knock-in (KI) mouse that constitutively expresses CD11b containing an activating isoleucine to glycine substitution at residue 332 in the ligand binding CD11b A-domain (I332G) that acts as a positive allosteric modulator of CD11b activity. We report that pharmacologic modulation of CD11b with GB1275 significantly reduces LLC tumor growth. CD11b KI mice similarly show significant reduction in both the size and rate of LLC tumor growth, as compared to WT mice, mimicking our observed treatment effects with GB1275. Tumor profiling revealed a significant reduction in TAM infiltration in GB1275-treated and in CD11b KI mice, increase in the ratio of M1/M2-like TAMs, and concomitant increase in cytotoxic T cells. The profiling also showed a significant decrease in CCL2 levels and a concomitant reduction in Ly6C<sup>hi</sup> monocytes in circulation in both groups. These findings suggest that positive allosteric modulation of CD11b reduces TAM density and reprograms them to enhance the adaptive immune response and is a novel therapeutic strategy against lung cancer.