gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptations to Oral and Pharyngeal Swallowing Function Induced by Injury to the Mylohyoid Muscle (2019)

Abstract Muscle injury is a frequent side effect of radiation treatment for head and neck cancer. To understand the pathophysiology of injury-related dysfunction, we investigated the effects of a single muscle injury to the mylohyoid on oropharyngeal swallowing function in the rat. The mylohyoid protects the airway from food/liquid via hyolaryngeal elevation and plays an active role during both oral and pharyngeal swallowing. We hypothesized (1) that fibrosis to the mylohyoid alters swallowing bolus flow and licking patterns; (2) that injury to the mylohyoid changes normal activity of submental, laryngeal, and pharyngeal muscles during swallowing. A chilled cryoprobe was applied to the rat mylohyoid muscle to create a localized injury. After 1- and 2-weeks post-injury, swallowing bolus transit was assessed via videofluoroscopy and licking behavior via an electrical lick sensor. The motor activity of five swallow-related muscles were analyzed immediately after injury using electromyography (EMG). Comparisons were made pre- and post-injury. Fibrosis was confirmed in the mylohyoid at 2-weeks post-injury by measuring collagen content. One-week after injury, bolus size decreased, swallowing rate reduced, and licking patterns were altered. Immediately post-injury, there was a significant depression in mylohyoid and thyropharyngeus EMG amplitudes during swallowing. Our results demonstrated that injury to the mylohyoid is sufficient to cause changes in deglutition. These disruptions in oral and pharyngeal swallowing were detected prior to long-term fibrotic changes, including delays in tongue movement, alterations in bolus flow, and changes in sensorimotor function. Therefore, injuring a single important swallowing muscle can have dramatic clinical effects.
Antidiabetics and diuretics show phototoxicity in HaCaT cells (2001)

The antidiabetics tolbutamide, glibenclamide, and glipizide, and the diuretics bendroflumethiazide, butizide, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and trichlormethiazide were investigated for potential phototoxicity in the HaCaT cell line. The cells were incubated with the drugs and then exposed to UVA1 irradiation. The effects of the antioxidants L-ascorbic acid, and α - tocopherol on oxidative DNA damage were assessed. Bendroflumethiazide, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, trichlormethiazide, or tolbutamide induced dose-dependent phototoxicity. Cells incubated with bendroflumethiazide, tolbutamide, and glibenclamide, and irradiated with UVA1 demonstrated an increased oxidative DNA damage. Pre-treatment with L-ascorbic acid, or α-tocopherol, suppressed the UVA-induced DNA damage in cells incubated with 1 mM of bendroflumethiazide, furosemide, glibenclamide, glipizide, tolbutamide, and trichloromethiazide, further implying the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the phototoxic DNA damage. These results may indicate a link between phototoxic and photocancerogenic potential of the sulfonamide-derived oral antidiabetic and diuretic drugs, as it has previously been recognized for psoralen, chlorpromazine, and fluoroquinolones. Excessive exposure to UV light may be deleterious for patients treated with these drugs.
Techniques and applications of neural networks (1993)

Theory medical applications forecasting industrial measurement and control image processing application environments.
Sequence and molecular characterization of a DNA region encoding the dibenzothiophene desulfurization operon of Rhodococcus sp. strain IGTS8 (1995)

Dibenzothiophene (DBT), a model compound for sulfur-containing organic molecules found in fossil fuels, can be desulfurized to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) by Rhodococcus sp. strain IGTS8. Complementation of a desulfurization (dsz) mutant provided the genes from Rhodococcus sp. strain IGTS8 responsible for desulfurization. A 6.7-kb TaqI fragment cloned in Escherichia coli-Rhodococcus shuttle vector pRR-6 was found to both complement this mutation and confer desulfurization to Rhodococcus fascians, which normally is not able to desulfurize DBT. Expression of this fragment in E. coli also conferred the ability to desulfurize DBT. A molecular analysis of the cloned fragment revealed a single operon containing three open reading frames involved in the conversion of DBT to 2-HBP. The three genes were designated dszA, dszB, and dszC. Neither the nucleotide sequences nor the deduced amino acid sequences of the enzymes exhibited significant similarity to sequences obtained from the GenBank, EMBL, and Swiss-Prot databases, indicating that these enzymes are novel enzymes. Subclone analyses revealed that the gene product of dszC converts DBT directly to DBT-sulfone and that the gene products of dszA and dszB act in concert to convert DBT-sulfone to 2-HBP.
Determining bone and total body mineral content from body density and bioelectrical response spectroscopy (1998)

We hypothesized that one could assess total body mineral (TBM) and bone mineral content (BMC) from measurements of body density and bioelectrical response spectroscopy (BRS)-determined total body water by using a three-compartment (3C) model. We compared TBM and BMC computed from measurements of water (2H2O dilution or BRS) and body density (underwater weighing) with [4-compartment (4C)] and without (3C) mineral (dual X-ray absorptiometry) in 15 women and 16 men. BRS used multifrequency or single-frequency estimates of water. Mean differences between the 3C and 4C models ranged from -6.1 to 2.2%. Correlations between models were 0.82-0.91. Standard errors of the estimate of 8.5-9.3% were within the range of those previously reported, i.e., 4.9-13%. Use of BRS did not significantly decrease the strength of the correlations between the models. A significant mean difference (only in women) was found only with 3C single-frequency BRS estimates of TBM and BMC. We concluded that investigators can assess TBM and BMC 3C multifrequency BRS estimates in men and women.
The human gut bacteria Christensenellaceae are widespread, heritable, and associated with health (2019)

The Christensenellaceae, a recently described family in the phylum Firmicutes, is emerging as an important player in human health. The relative abundance of Christensenellaceae in the human gut is inversely related to host body mass index (BMI) in different populations and multiple studies, making its relationship with BMI the most robust and reproducible link between the microbial ecology of the human gut and metabolic disease reported to date. The family is also related to a healthy status in a number of other different disease contexts, including obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, Christensenellaceae is highly heritable across multiple populations, although specific human genes underlying its heritability have so far been elusive. Further research into the microbial ecology and metabolism of these bacteria should reveal mechanistic underpinnings of their host-health associations and enable their development as therapeutics.
A new architecture for handling multiply imputed data in Stata (2007)

There has been a considerable growth of interest among Stata users and more widely in the practical use of multiple imputation as a principled route to the analysis of datasets with missing covariate values. Sophisticated Stata software (ice) is available for creating multiply imputed datasets. However, equally sophisticated and flexible tools are required to carry out the analyses. Carlin et al (2003)’s MI Tools package and Royston’s micombine command (packaged with ice) made a start. We present a new set of tools, called mim, which carries the postimputation process a step further. mim defines a standardized architecture for MI datasets and has features for manipulating MI data. More importantly, it supports a wide range of regression models, including those for panel and survey data. Limited facilities for postestimation analysis are provided, and these are expected to be further developed. The package is in beta-testing form and has been submitted for publication in the Stata Journal.
The reaction of oxygen with metallic chlorides (1966)

Abstract The reaction of oxygen with the solid chlorides of copper (I), copper (II), magnesium and yttrium has been examined at temperatures in the range 200—450° and at pressures below 20 cm Hg, in order to try to clarify the behaviour of these chlorides in Deacon and oxychlorination catalysts. Copper (II) chloride neither adsorbs nor reacts with oxygen, while the lower chloride readily reacts to form CuO,CuCl 2 (or a mixture of CuO and CuCl 2 ). Both magnesium and yttrium chlorides react to form their respective oxides. For magnesium chloride the reaction proceeds without limit except at the highest temperature studied, while for yttrium chloride the extent of reaction approaches a limiting value. These results are related to energetic criteria previously proposed for these catalysts and the possible need (i) to achieve physical dispersion of the copper (I) chloride in these systems, and (ii) to include only components which exhibit limited, rapid oxygen saturation are indicated.
Rapid IC Performance Yield and distribution prediction using a rotation of the circuit parameter principals components (1997)

Abstract Monte-Carlo techniques for prediction of IC yield in the presence of inter-die parameter variations are well established in the literature [Luigi P. Monte-Carlo simulation of semiconductor device and process modelling; critical review. IEEE Trans CAD 1990; CAD-9: 1164--76], but their use in commercial design is limited by their high computational cost. This paper presents a novel technique which shows a great reduction in the simulation cost and sustains the accuracy. It does this by first using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) [Cureton EE et al. Factor analysis: an applied approach. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Laurence Erlbaum Associates, 1983] to identify the significant orthogonal directions of variation in the process space. The next steps involve the development of an accurate approximation of the two dimensional yield boundary. Finally, an analytic integration in the process space provides the yield. The steps involved in the yield calculation also conveniently produce performance distributions and this is described.
Structure formation in biopolymer gels induced by diffusion of gelling factors (2018)

When biopolymer solutions come in contact with a coagulation bath containing a gelling factor such as ions, chemical crosslinkers, and pH conditioners, diffusion of the gelling factor through the contact interface into the polymer solutions induces gelation, which proceeds gradually in a direction along the diffusion of the gelling factor. In this directional gelation process, characteristic structures are frequently formed in the biopolymer gels. This review presents general features of the structure formation by the diffusion of the gelling factors and some specific examples for typical biopolymers.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Membranous Expression of Ectodomain Isoforms of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Predicts Outcome after Chemoradiotherapy of Lymph Node–Negative Cervical Cancer (2023)

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Carbon nano horn and bovine serum albumin hierarchical composite: towards bio-friendly superhydrophobic protein film surfaces (2008)

Highly hydrophilic glass substrates when coated with films of carbon nano horns dispersed in the ubiquitous protein bovine serum albumin display hydrophobic characteristics. Incidentally both the materials used to create the final hydrophobic surface are known to be highly bio-compatible. The features observed are accredited to the replication of the micro and nanoscale hierarchical structures of carbon nano horns in the final film composite.
High-Resolution Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Condensed Matter (2019)

Optical spectroscopy of single impurity molecules in low-temperature solids provides an exquisitely sensitive probe of the structure and dynamics of the specific local environment around the single molecule, unobscured by ensemble averaging. Effects such as spectral diffusion, perturbations by external fields, changes in molecular photophysics, optical switching, dynamics due to amorphous system physics, magnetic resonance of a single molecular spin, and perturbations due to nearby charge transport have all been observed. Because properly chosen single molecules act as two- and three-level quantum systems, a variety of quantum optical effects may be observed, such as photon antibunching, optical Stark effect, and single-photon emission on command. When they carry spin in their ground and excited states, single molecules and other nano-objects open many more experiments in quantum optics and nanophysics, because they are sensitive to magnetic interactions and can serve as readouts for spin systems with long coherence times. As a new class of nanoscale experiments, the ability to optically pump and probe single 2–3-nm-sized molecules in complex systems provides a new window into the local dynamics and heterogeneity of solids.
Frequency Management Tool for Multi-Cell WLAN Performance Optimization (2006)

Careful configuration of frequencies for WLAN access points (AP) is crucial for ensuring the optimal performance of the network. Thus, advanced tools for WLAN frequency management tasks are needed. This paper presents a practical tool for the frequency management in IEEE 802.11 WLANs. The tool minimizes the interference between APs and consequently maximizes the effective capacity of the network. It also contains a graphical user interface (GUI) showing an illustrative view of the network state in frequency domain. The tool has been designed for administrators of medium and large WLAN networks, such as used in companies, airports, and campus areas. In the presented case, the throughput of the optimized network was 60 % higher compared to the original network with random channels
Saw and digital technologies in mutlicarrier demodulators (1989)

Abstract One key technology, for the implementation of future on‐board processing payloads, is the multicarrier demodulator (MCD). The MCD is instrumental in allowing FDMA/TDM access schemes which optimize the use of on‐board and ground resources in VSAT networks. This paper deals with the analogue and digital implementations of MCD, trying to assess the fields of application of each of the two technologies.
Improving Flexural Strength of Dental Restorative Ceramics Using Laser Interference Direct Structuring (2008)

Zirconia and alumina ceramics restorative materials were treated with laser interference direct structuring using the third harmonic of a short pulse Nd:YAG and tested in a three‐point bending test to measure the flexural strength. The surface was restructured in a periodic line‐like pattern with controlled surface porosity and a surface composite pattern. As shown in earlier work [ J. Am. Ceram. Soc . 91 [7] 2138‐42 (2008), the composite consists of two different defect states rather than different phase compositions. The resulting mechanical properties are a function of the number of laser pulses, laser energy, and angle in between the laser beams defining the periodic feature distance [ Adv. Eng. Mater ., 9 [7] 823–26 (2005)]. The material's fracture strength could be controlled through the three mentioned laser parameters and in an initial study significantly improved by up to 50% from initial 422 to 630 MPa for alumina and 833 to 1250 MPa for zirconia.
Luo Tong formula attenuates retinal inflammation in diabetic rats via inhibition of the p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway (2020)

LTF before the onset of DR can alleviate retinal pathological injury, LTF may play an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting p38-MAPK and then inhibiting NF-κB pathway. But further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.<i>Trial registration</i> This is an animal experiment, trial registration is not necessary.
Inversion of Silica-Stabilized Emulsions Induced by Particle Concentration (2005)

Emulsions of equal volumes of a cyclic silicone oil and water stabilized by fumed silica nanoparticles alone can be inverted from oil-in-water (o/w) to water-in-oil (w/o) by simply increasing the concentration of particles. The phenomenon is found to be crucially dependent both on the inherent hydrophobicity of the particles and on their initial location. Inversion only occurs in systems with particles of intermediate hydrophobicity when dispersed in oil; emulsions prepared from the same particles but initially dispersed in water remain o/w at all particle concentrations. The stability and drop size distributions in the different emulsions are compared. Various hypotheses are put forward and argued to explain this novel inversion route including adsorption of oil onto particle surfaces, hysteresis of contact angle affecting particle wettability in situ, and the structure of particle dispersions in oil or water prior to emulsification inferred from rheology and light scattering measurements. We propose that the tendency for particles to behave more hydrophobically at higher concentrations in oil is due to the reduction in the effective silanol content at their surfaces as a result of gel formation via silanol-silanol hydrogen bonds. In water, solvation of particle surfaces prevents this from occurring and particles behave as hydrophilic ones at all concentrations. A concentration-induced change in particle wettability is thus advanced.
Alkoxysilane‐functionalized acrylic copolymer latexes. I. Particle size, morphology, and film‐forming properties (2004)

Abstract Via the conventional emulsion copolymerization of acrylic monomers and vinyl‐containing alkoxysilane monomers with three siloxane groups, siloxane groups were added to acrylic copolymers to make alkoxysilane‐functionalized acrylic copolymer latexes. In producing stable polymer latexes, seeded polymerization was superior to the other two processes, batch and continuous addition polymerization. The experimental results showed that vinyltriethoxysilane–acrylic copolymer latexes were capable of film forming. In contrast, the incorporation of methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane gave rise to the formation of highly crosslinked acrylic copolymer latexes, which had poor film‐forming properties. Relatively small monodispersed particles with particle sizes of less than 100 nm were formed. These particles had a core–shell structure, although some of them were asymmetric. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 954–960, 2004
On the existence and function of galanin receptor heteromers in the central nervous system (2012)

Galanin receptor (GalR) subtypes 1-3 linked to central galanin neurons may form heteromers with each other and other types of G protein-coupled receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). These heteromers may be one molecular mechanism for galanin peptides and their N-terminal fragments (gal 1-15) to modulate the function of different types of glia-neuronal networks in the CNS, especially the emotional and the cardiovascular networks. GalR-5-HT1A heteromers likely exist with antagonistic GalR-5-HT1A receptor-receptor interactions in the ascending midbrain raphe 5-HT neuron systems and their target regions. They represent a novel target for antidepressant drugs. Evidence is given for the existence of GalR1-5-HT1A heteromers in cellular models with trans-inhibition of the protomer signaling. A GalR1-GalR2 heteromer is proposed to be a galanin N-terminal fragment preferring receptor (1-15) in the CNS. Furthermore, a GalR1-GalR2-5-HT1A heterotrimer is postulated to explain why only galanin (1-15) but not galanin (1-29) can antagonistically modulate the 5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal hippocampus rich in gal fragment binding sites. The results underline a putative role of different types of GalR-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes in depression. GalR antagonists may also have therapeutic actions in depression by blocking the antagonistic GalR-NPYY1 receptor interactions in putative GalR-NPYY1 receptor heteromers in the CNS resulting in increases in NPYY1 transmission and antidepressant effects. In contrast the galanin fragment receptor (a postulated GalR1-GalR2 heteromer) appears to be linked to the NPYY2 receptor enhancing the affinity of the NPYY2 binding sites in a putative GalR1-GalR2-NPYY2 heterotrimer. Finally, putative GalR-α2-adrenoreceptor heteromers with antagonistic receptor-receptor interactions may be a widespread mechanism in the CNS for integration of galanin and noradrenaline signals also of likely relevance for depression.
A Swiss Army Knife for Online Caching in Small Cell Networks (2021)

We consider a dense cellular network, in which a limited-size cache is available at every base station (BS). Coordinating content allocation across the different caches can lead to significant performance gains, but is a difficult problem even when full information about the network and the request process is available. In this paper we present <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> LRU- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> , a general-purpose online caching policy that can be tailored to optimize different performance metrics also in presence of coordinated multipoint transmission techniques. The policy requires neither direct communication among BSs, nor a priori knowledge of content popularity and, under stationary request processes, has provable performance guarantees.
Insertion Sequence Analysis (1998)

Prokaryotic insertion sequences (IS) are transposable genetic elements with a length ranging from 800–2500 bp. They are found at a remarkable variety in the genomes of many different bacteria and mycoplasmas at a multiplicity of between a few and several hundred per genome. In bacteria, they are very frequently found as part of natural plasmids. Genetic phenomena associated with transposition of IS elements are: spontaneous, often highly polar mutations, sometimes associated with deletion or inversion of adjacent DNA segments, as well as activation of the transcription of flanking genes (1). Insertion sequences therefore contribute basically to the variability of the prokaryotic genome and phenotype, and are thought to play an important role in the adaptability of prokaryotes to the environment. Insertion sequences provide a valuable source of experimental material for the study of gene expression, recombination and repair events, population dynamics, and horizontal transmission of genes. They are also frequently used in molecular genetics as markers to facilitate gene mapping, as mutagens, and for gene cloning. Several insertion sequences have been used as markers for molecular DNA fingerprints for identification and subtyping of bacterial and mycoplasmal strains, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2,3), Salmonella typhimurium (4), Vibrio cholerae (5), and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony type (SC) (6).