gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2020 Richard Skalak Award (2022)

Each year, the associate editors of the ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering identify the most meritorious papers published in the Journal in the previous calendar year. An external committee then selects the best paper of the year from this list of Editors' Choice papers. The authors of this paper are the recipients of the Richard Skalak Award, named after an early leader within the ASME Bioengineering community. Richard Skalak (1923–1997) played a leadership role in the formative decades of the discipline of biomedical engineering through his technical contributions in biomechanics, his educational influence on students, and his service to many developing societies and journals. Richard Skalak believed in several central approaches to bioengineering and several central values in working with people. In bioengineering, these were (1) the useful combination of mathematical and computational modeling with experimental results, to better inform the new biological understanding that is derived, and (2) the inclusion of both microscale and macroscale phenomena in understanding complex biological systems. In terms of mentoring students and collaborating with colleagues, these were (1) sharing ideas freely, (2) listening to ideas of others and integrating the best into new developments, and (3) showing tolerance and respect for others at all times. These tenets help to guide us as a community and as a journal, and we are honored by the opportunity to contribute to Richard Skalak's legacy by giving an award bearing his name.The 2020 Skalak Award winner is:Karabulut, D., Dogru, S. C., Lin, Y.-C., Pandy, M. G., Herzog, W., and Arslan, Y. Z., 2020, “Direct Validation of Model-Predicted Muscle Forces in the Cat Hindlimb During Locomotion,” ASME J. Biomech. Eng., 142(5), p. 051014.10.1115/1.4045660The Editors thank the 2020 Skalak Award committe: Philip Bayly (chair), Edward Sander, Michelle Oyen, Kristin Myers, and Mohammad Mofrad. Congratulations to the authors of the Skalak Award winner.
A field investigation of kennel cough: Efficacy of vaccination (1989)

ABSTRACT A case‐control study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of several vaccines in protecting against canine kennel cough. Cases and controls were selected from a random sample of veterinary practices in the UK, and relevant information was collected using postal questionnaires. The relationship between vaccinal status and the occurrence of kennel cough was examined using a linear logistic model. Vaccination against Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus was associated with reduced risks of the disease, as indicated by a decrease in the log odds (log relative risk) of disease in vaccinated animals, when integrated with usual vaccination strategies. Statistical interaction between these two vaccines and adenovirus vaccines was identified.
Observability analysis for target maneuver estimation via bearing-only and bearing-rate-only measurements (1990)

The implementation of modern guidance laws requires the design of tracking filters that provide information about the target maneuver. Because of the nonlinearity of the tracking problem, the stability of extended Kalman filters in tracking applications involving bearing-( rate-) only observations is highly dependent on the intercept geometry. This is due mainly to the lack of observability in the absence of range measurements. In this paper, the observability of target maneuvers via bearing-( rate-) only measurements is discussed. Intercept scenarios that result in the loss of observability are identified. They play an important role for both the initialization of tracking filters and the design of missile guidance laws based on bearing-( rate-) only measurements.
[Several aspects of treatment and prevention of chronic laryngeal stenosis]. (1996)

The occurrence of scar laryngostenosis due to traumas and removal of laryngeal tumors is now on the increase. This negative trend may be corrected by rejection of long-term intubation, immediate conversion of crico-, conico- and thyrotomy into tracheostomy, employment of preventive laryngostomy in initial treatment of patients with serious trauma of the larynx. It should be taken into consideration that in restoration of respiration through natural airways bronchopulmonary complications, dysphonia, dysphagia, hair growth into the laryngeal lumen are possible.
Instrumental performance and results from testing of the BLAST-TNG receiver, submillimeter optics, and MKID detector arrays (2016)

Polarized thermal emission from interstellar dust grains can be used to map magnetic fields in star forming molecular clouds and the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM). The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope for Polarimetry (BLASTPol) flew from Antarctica in 2010 and 2012 and produced degree-scale polarization maps of several nearby molecular clouds with arcminute resolution. The success of BLASTPol has motivated a next-generation instrument, BLAST-TNG, which will use more than 3000 linear polarization- sensitive microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) combined with a 2.5 m diameter carbon fiber primary mirror to make diffraction-limited observations at 250, 350, and 500 µm. With 16 times the mapping speed of BLASTPol, sub-arcminute resolution, and a longer flight time, BLAST-TNG will be able to examine nearby molecular clouds and the diffuse galactic dust polarization spectrum in unprecedented detail. The 250 &mu;m detec- tor array has been integrated into the new cryogenic receiver, and is undergoing testing to establish the optical and polarization characteristics of the instrument. BLAST-TNG will demonstrate the effectiveness of kilo-pixel MKID arrays for applications in submillimeter astronomy. BLAST-TNG is scheduled to fly from Antarctica in December 2017 for 28 days and will be the first balloon-borne telescope to offer a quarter of the flight for “shared risk” observing by the community.
THE USE OF REFRACTORY METALS FOR ULTRA HIGH-TEMPERATURE THERMOCOUPLES (1962)

The properties of refractory metal alloys for use in thermocouples capable of reliable operation at temperatures in the 3000 to 5000 deg F range and higher were investigated. The thermal emf of W-Mo and W-Re alloys relative to pure W is presented. For comparison the thermal emf of unalloyed refractory metal thermocouples are compared to Chromel-Alumel and Pt/Pt-Rh thermocouples. The W/W-26% Re thermocouples were found to be the most reliable. (C.E.S.)
MRI-Powered Robots for Tetherless Robotic Interventions (2012)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems o↵er the potential to power, control and image tetherless medical robots. A unique advantage of this approach is that it can be exploited for robots ranging in length scale from tens of centimeters down to fractions of a millimeter. At the large end of the scale, MRI-powered actuators can be used to power small MRI-compatible robots for performing minimally invasive surgery. At the millimeter and submillimeter scale, groups of MRI-powered robots can swim inside fluid-filled regions of the body to perform targeted therapies, such as drug and cell delivery, or to assemble as a sensor network. This talk will present the work of my group in exploring the potential of this technology at both large and small length scales. This includes the creation of low-cost MRIpowered actuators that we have demonstrated for use in needle driving interventions. Closed-loop needle position control is achieved by interleaving MR imaging pulse sequences to estimate needle position and propulsion pulse sequences to drive the actuator. I will also discuss our work developing millimeter-scale swimming robots to be used for therapies inside the spinal canal and ventricular system of the brain. Results include the development of motion planning algorithms utilizing MRI pulse sequences to achieve independent position control of multiple swimming robots.
Gamma-radiation induced damage of proteins in the thick fraction of egg white (2005)

The thick fraction of egg white saturated with either N2O or Ar was irradiated in the dose range 1.5-45 kGy at 60Co gamma source. The gel structure decomposition and other processes accompanied with changes in protein molecular mass were followed by Sephadex G-200 exclusion chromatography, denaturing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, viscosity and turbidity measurements. The complex behavior of viscosity was observed in the N2O saturated sample (where the hydrated electron was converted into the OH radical); the initial abrupt decrease that gradually slows down reaching the minimum at 12 kGy (?min = 2.7 mPa s) followed by the slow rise was measured. The Ar saturated sample ([eaq-]?[OH]) showed both the significantly faster initial decrease and lower viscosity minimum (?min = 2.2 mPa s). The combined Sephadex G-200 exclusion chromatography and denaturing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis data revealed that the three-dimensional egg white (hydrated) gel structure was (efficiently) decomposed even in the N2O saturated sample. The protein scission was detected in the entire dose range studied, while the protein agglomeration is not noticed at low doses (around 1.5 kGy); however, it dominates at higher doses. In the highest dose region studied, the loss of structure in SDS-PAGE chromatograms indicates that the agglomerates are formed from protein fragments rather than from intact proteins. The continuous linear increase in turbidity was measured. The results obtained indicate that ionizing radiation causes the breakdown of the protein network of the thick fraction of egg white via the reduction of S-S bridges by the hydrated electron and the protein fragmentation due to the direct action of ionizing radiation. The protein agglomeration is initiated by the reaction of the OH radical; its inefficiency at low doses is attributed to the glucose antioxidant properties and radical immobility. .
<I>Nishkam Karma</I>: The Path for Corporate Social Responsibility (2012)

CSR is a self-regulating mechanism, and is concerned with the inner voice of corporate masters. It is assumed that the teachings of The Gita , specifically the philosophy of Nishkam Karma , offer good direction in the discharge of responsibility towards " tetra bottom line " i.e. people, planet, profit and spirituality. There is no denying the fact that all the great scriptures of all the religions offer immense wisdom for inculcating values and ethical norms in the corporate world, which can be the basic ethical conduct of business. Literature dealing with the interplay between spirituality and business has been growing over the last many years. The prevailing studies on the subject delineate that researchers are doing a commendable research on the role of spirituality in the ethical governance of business. However, the present study is aimed at formulating and systematizing the intuitive wisdom of The Gita in the field of CSR. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the concept of CSR from the Vedic perspective; to study CSR from the modern perspective; to evaluate the dilemma of CSR in the contemporary globalized regime; and to study the of philosophy of Nishkam Karma and its relevance to CSR practices and initiatives. The philosophy of Nishkam Karma demands freedom from i-me-my-mine syndrome and going beyond realities to sensitivity towards certain interdependent, shared spaces and values. This makes corporate mentors to realize that " beyond profits are more profits ". The research is mainly exploratory in nature and is based on qualitative research methodology, which is the interpretation of the teachings of The Gita and other ancient and spiritual literature.
Recent Evaluation Procedures of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Bearing Steels (Statistics of Extreme Value Method and Development of Higher Frequency Ultrasonic Testing Method) (2002)

Large microscopic inclusions from 20 to 100 μm in diameter have recently been paid attention from a viewpoint of fatigue strength of steel products. As the inclusion detection capability, or probability, is practically limited by a conventional optical microscopy, however, the evaluation of the distribution of these inclusions used to be feasible only by extraction method such as acid-solution procedure. It has been found that ultrasonic testing with 50 to 12S MHz frequency, focus-type transducers is suitable to evaluate the inclusions where the echo intensity is proportional to inclusion diameter. This paper will describe recent inclusion evaluation procedures and, as a main body, the results of the application of the new ultrasonic testing system. Included are: The relationship between oxygen content in steel and maximum inclusion diameter in steel predicted by statistics of extreme value with the aid of microscopic image analysis, and The inclusion diameter distribution measured directly by the ultrasonic testing
Shrinkage assessment of low shrinkage composites using micro-computed tomography (2014)

Both low shrinkage composites showed less volumetric polymerization contraction than the regular composite. The use of dental adhesive decreased the total volumetric shrinkage for all evaluated composites.
Effects of the free-stream density ratio on free and forced spatially developing shear layers (1995)

The effects of the free-stream density ratio on the evolution of the incompressible, high Reynolds and Froude number, confined mixing layer are investigated numerically. Two-dimensional simulations of the spatially developing flow with and without external forcing are obtained using the Lagrangian transport element method. Results indicate that a nonunity density ratio alters the flow characteristics significantly. In the unforced flow, it increases the layer growth as the slow stream becomes denser, biases the speed of both the linear instability waves and the rollup eddies toward that of the denser stream, and modifies entrainment in favor of the dense fluid. These results, which are in agreement with experimental and analytical evidence, are analyzed in terms of the evolution of the vorticity field and, in particular, of the action of the mechanism of baroclinic vorticity generation. It is found that this mechanism creates vorticity of opposite signs across each eddy, which, through simple kinematical arguments, is linked to the alteration of the eddy speed and the modification of the local entrainment patterns. High-amplitude external forcing modifies the growth behavior of the layer while leaving its entrainment characteristics and the eddy speeds unaffected. In this case the layer growth is no longer monotonically varying with the free-stream density ratio. Instead, it is a strong function of the momentum ratio, reaching a minimum at a momentum ratio of unity and increasing more significantly for higher values of this parameter. Enhancement of the layer growth via forcing occurs only when the momentum ratio is substantially different from unity. It is found that the forced layer growth characteristics are related to the layer orientation, which is also a function of the momentum ratio. Using this fact and basic principles, a simple analytical model is derived to explain the numerical results. It is suggested that the unforced flow behaves differently due to its initial instability characteristics that are bypassed when forcing is present.
Preliminary design of IGRINS (Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph) (2010)

The Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) and the Department of Astronomy at the University of Texas at Austin (UT) are developing a near infrared wide-band high resolution spectrograph, IGRINS. IGRINS can observe all of the H- and K-band atmospheric windows with a resolving power of 40,000 in a single exposure. The spectrograph uses a white pupil cross-dispersed layout and includes a dichroic to divide the light between separate H and K cameras, each provided with a 2kx2k HgCdTe detector. A silicon immersion grating serves as the primary disperser and a pair of volume phased holographic gratings serve as cross dispersers, allowing the high resolution echelle spectrograph to be very compact. IGRINS is designed to be compatible with telescopes ranging in diameter from 2.7m (the Harlan J. Smith telescope; HJST) to 4 - 8 m telescopes. Commissioning and initial operation will be on the 2.7m telescope at McDonald Observatory from 2013.
30 years of observations and hopes for faster progress on promoting the status of women in science (2021)

Gwendalyn Randolph shares her observations and ideas for how institutions can partner with women to support their careers in STEM.
Cellular plasticity of trans- and dedifferentiation markers in human hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo (2009)

Tumor cells have the capability to trans- and to dedifferentiate, for example by reactivating embryonic development genes and stem cell characteristics. The aim of our study was to show the differential expression of stem- and progenitor cell markers in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HCC). Different human HCC cell lines (HUH7, HUH7 5-15, HUH7 pcDNA3.1, Hep3B and HepG2) were cultured under standard conditions in vitro or implanted subcutaneously (5x10(6) cells) in male NMRI mice. Specimens were characterized by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, methylation-specific PCR and immunohistochemistry for markers of differentiation (cytokeratins, vimentin), embryonic development or stem cells (PTC, PDX-1, SHH, Thy1, c-kit, CD34, beta-catenin, Ki-67). The investigated HCC cell lines showed different patterns of marker expression allowing to distinguish four distinct groups: the classical cholangiocellular type (Huh-7, Huh-7 pcDNA3.1, Hep3B) with expression of CK7/19, beta-catenin and CD34; a dedifferentiated mesenchymal-proliferative type (Huh-7 5-15) characterized by CK19, Vimentin and Ki-67; a dedifferentiated embryonic-development type (Hep3B implanted in matrigel) with expression of CK19, beta-catenin and PTC and a classical HCC type (HepG2) showing CK18/19 and beta-catenin expression. HCC cell lines showed significantly different expression patterns of differentiation markers in a xenograft model. Furthermore, direct association of some markers was observed. The groups differ from each other in expression patterns, but also show that environmental factors play an important role in the behaviour of cells.
Detecting malware's failover C&C strategies with squeeze (2011)

The ability to remote-control infected PCs is a fundamental component of modern malware campaigns. At the same time, the command and control (C&C) infrastructure that provides this capability is an attractive target for mitigation. In recent years, more or less successful takedown operations have been conducted against botnets employing both client-server and peer-to-peer C&C architectures. To improve their robustness against such disruptions of their illegal business, botnet operators routinely deploy redundant C&C infrastructure and implement failover C&C strategies.
Compatibility of cobalt and chromium depletion gates with RPECVD upper gate oxide for silicon-based nanostructures (1998)

Three-dimensional confinement of electrons in silicon-based nanodevices may be achieved using a dual gate structure to confine carriers laterally in a 2D MOSFET inversion layer. We have investigated the temperature stability of cobalt and chromium for thin depletion gates, using remote plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposited (RPECVD) for the deposited dielectric. The thermal stability of the oxide/metal/oxide structure for various annealing regimes was studied by Auger electron spectroscopy sputter profiling and high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Improvements to the RPECVD oxide for comparable annealing were characterized by electrical measurements on MOS capacitors made from deposited RPECVD oxide.
Potent Blockade of Hepatocyte Growth Factor-stimulated Cell Motility, Matrix Invasion and Branching Morphogenesis by Antagonists of Grb2 Src Homology 2 Domain Interactions (2001)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulates mitogenesis, motogenesis, and morphogenesis in a wide range of cellular targets during development, homeostasis and tissue regeneration. Inappropriate HGF signaling occurs in several human cancers, and the ability of HGF to initiate a program of protease production, cell dissociation, and motility has been shown to promote cellular invasion and is strongly linked to tumor metastasis. Upon HGF binding, several tyrosines within the intracellular domain of its receptor, c-Met, become phosphorylated and mediate the binding of effector proteins, such as Grb2. Grb2 binding through its SH2 domain is thought to link c-Met with downstream mediators of cell proliferation, shape change, and motility. We analyzed the effects of Grb2 SH2 domain antagonists on HGF signaling and observed potent blockade of cell motility, matrix invasion, and branching morphogenesis, with ED(50) values of 30 nm or less, but only modest inhibition of mitogenesis. These compounds are 1000-10,000-fold more potent anti-motility agents than any previously characterized Grb2 SH2 domain antagonists. Our results suggest that SH2 domain-mediated c-Met-Grb2 interaction contributes primarily to the motogenic and morphogenic responses to HGF, and that these compounds may have therapeutic application as anti-metastatic agents for tumors where the HGF signaling pathway is active.
Kinetics and Inhibition of Ferrous Sulfide Nucleation and Precipitation (2014)

Abstract Ferrous sulfide (FeS) precipitation is a severe problem and the significance of this problem is increased in the shale gas and oil production due to the potentially increasing biologically and thermally induced sulfide production. Although FeS scale is ubiquitous, little is understood about its precipitation and inhibition properties due to experimental difficulties. In conventional research, we used a batch reactor to study the precipitation kinetics and inhibition of FeS formation. In order to assess scaling risk in pipes, a new plug flow reactor was developed under anoxic condition at different ionic strength (IS), pH and temperature to enable more reliable study of FeS precipitation kinetics at high surface to solution ratio. The precipitation kinetics of FeS is successfully fitted by a second/pseudo-first order rate equations for batch/plug flow systems. The rate of precipitation increases with increasing pH and temperature, and decreases with increasing IS. Commercial scale inhibitors, citrate, EDTA and other chelating agents have been tested for their inhibition effects on FeS precipitation. The new plug flow apparatus not only adds reliable data to the limited database of scaling kinetics in realistic flowing pipes, but also supplies a new method to study the effect of inhibitors in oil production systems. The research outcomes will contribute to the prediction of FeS scaling risk under different brine composition and well conditions.