gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Throughput Characterization of Novel PVDF/Acrylic Polyelectrolyte Semi-Interpenetrated Network Proton Exchange Membranes (2010)

The proton exchange membrane (PEM) is a fundamental component of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), a promising alternative energy conversion approach for low to medium power applications. Existing commercially available PEMs are based predominantly on perfluorosulfonic acid polymers (PFSA) (e.g., Nafion). In this study the viability of semi-interpenetrating ionomer−polymer networks from blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and covalently cross-linked sulfonated acrylic polyelectrolytes (PE) as potential PEMs is examined. A total of 80 PVDF/PE membranes, prepared from five different grades of Kynar PVDF (homo- and copolymers) and two types of PE, were characterized in terms of proton conductivity and mechanical properties using custom-developed high-throughput screening tools. In addition to PE type and content, the crystalline characteristics (i.e., crystallinity and crystallite size) and melt viscosity of the inert PVDF phase were found to have a major effect on proton conductivity. Particularly, membranes based on the most highly crystalline and viscous PVDF homopolymers exhibited the lowest proton conductivity, associated with reduced segmental motion of PE chains during membrane formation. Mechanical properties of the membranes were dominated by the properties of PVDF. Membranes based on higher modulus PVDF homopolymers exhibited higher elastic modulus and tensile strength, while those based on the more flexible poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF:HFP) copolymers exhibited enhanced toughness. In general, the resulting PVDF/PE membranes compared favorably to Nafion, having conductivities in excess of 130 mS/cm (vs 84.5 mS/cm for Nafion) and mechanical properties 2−5 times higher in some cases. While the selection of a unique conductivity and mechanical properties combination is impractical in view of the fact that requirements are dictated by the final application of the membrane, PVDF/PE semi-interpenetrated network membranes hold very good promise for PEMFC applications.
Cytokine Expression in Hepatocytes: Role of Oxidant Stress (1998)

Inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and chemokines, are associated with the pathology of chronic liver disease. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) in humans and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) in rodents, both members of the C-X-C family of chemokines, are particularly potent neutrophil attractants and have been implicated in chronic liver diseases. In the liver, cytokine secretion is usually associated with non-parenchymal cells, particularly Kupffer cells. In the present studies, chemokine gene expression and secretion were investigated in hepatocytes treated with various stimulators. Using human Hep G2 cells, it was demonstrated that, in contrast to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), both tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-beta) and H2O2 are potent inducers of IL-8, presumably acting via protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathways. MIP-2 expression occurred in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes following treatment with TNF-alpha, LPS, and to a lesser degree, H2O2. Both IL-8 and MIP-2 secretion were inhibited, although to varying degrees, by such antioxidants as TMTU, DMSO, catalase, and N-acetylcysteine. Furthermore, in vitro TNF-alpha neutralization experiments and transfection of Hep G2 cells with an IL-8 construct confirmed that TNF-alpha and H2O2 directly stimulate IL-8 secretion. RT-PCR analyses indicated that chemokine secretion induced by these agents operates via increased gene expression. Furthermore, a variety of cytokine genes were found to be expressed by hepatocytes, including MCP-1, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), and IL-6. Taken together, these studies indicate that hepatocytes respond to biologically relevant levels of common activators, including H2O2, to produce cytokines and chemokines that contribute to pathophysiologic and repair processes in the liver.
Reply to Van Es et al. Digital pathology: A constant evolution (2018)

Letter to the Editor. Response to van Es.
Preparation of 8-Substituted Xanthine CVT-124 Precursor by Late Stage Pyrimidine Ring Closure (2001)

To develop a novel route for the scaleable synthesis of the chiral xanthine CVT-124 (1, aka. BG9719), a method for the late stage pyrimidine ring closure of the nitrogen-protected endo 2-norbornenyl imidazole 3 was developed. The three-component coupling of benzylamine, 2-cyanoglycine ethyl ester (4), and methyl 5-norbornene-2-carboximidate hydrochloride (5) was demonstrated to achieve 3 in 23-46% isolated yields. The imidazole 3 was then elaborated to construct the N-benzyl xanthine 2 as a 1:1 mixture of exo and endo isomers, which were separable at this stage by chromatography. The nitrogen-protected endo xanthine 2 is a key intermediate in the synthesis of CVT-124.
Comparison of Methylation Methods for the Quantitation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers (1993)

Abstract Four methylation methods were evaluated for use in the gas chromatographic (GC) quantitation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, which are potential anticarcinogen. The methods were (1) sodium methoxide in methanol (NaOMe-MeOH), (2) American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) procedure Ce 2-66, which involves methanolic sodium hydroxide followed by boron trifluoride in methanol, (3) tetramethylguanidine in methanol (TMG-MeOH), and (4) direct transesterification with methanolbenzene- acetyl chloride (DAC). Purified methyl esters of isomerized linoleic acid containing 86% CLA isomers were methylated and analyzed by GC. The AOCS and DAC methods resulted in 3 and 50% losses in cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid (9c, 111 CLA isomer) and trans-10,cis-12 octadecadienoic acid (10t, 12c CLA isomers), respectively. Compared with the control, the AOCS and DAC methods increased the yield of the trans,trans CLA isomers (trans-9,trans-11- and trans-10, trans-12-octadecadienoic acid) by 1.07-fold and a 10-fold, respectively. A non-CLA artifact that eluted close to CLA peaks was formed during methylation by the AOCS and DAC methods. Thus, the DAC and AOCS methods are not suitable for quantitation of CLA isomers. The NaOMe-MeOH and TMG-MeOH methods, however, are suitable for quantitation of CLA isomers in fats containing low concentrations of free fatty acids.
Formation-containment control for general linear multi-agent systems with time-varying delays and switching topologies (2020)

Formation-containment control problems for general linear multi-agent systems with time-varying delays and switching topologies are studied. The leaders are required to accomplish a given time-varying formation and the followers are allowed to enter the convex envelope spanned by those of the leaders simultaneously. Firstly, formation-containment protocols based on distributed state observer with switching interaction topologies and time-varying delays are presented for leaders and followers respectively, where an edge-based state observer is presented for each follower to estimate the whole states of all the leaders under the influences of switching interaction topologies and time-varying delays. Then, formation- containment problems are transformed into asymptotic stability problems. Furthermore, an algorithm to determine the gain matrices in the protocols is given based on linear matrix inequality technique and common Lyapunov-Krasovskii stability theory. Sufficient conditions for multi-agent systems to achieve formation-containment under the designed protocol are proposed. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate theoretical results.
Mechanistic Studies on Sintering of Silver Nanoparticles (2011)

Metal nanoparticles are known to form highly conductive films upon heating below 200 °C. We study the mechanism and morphological changes that occur as 3 nm, thiolate encapsulated, silver nanoparticles are annealed to form conductive films. We use X-ray diffraction (XRD), grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to monitor structural changes in the film. We show that the surfactant is present during the entire sintering process, that its presence greatly influences the grain size and crystallite orientation of the resulting film, and that the film becomes fully conductive in the presence of the surfactant. We show that particles that aggregate more rapidly form films that consist of smaller crystallites and are less textured. We further show that digestive ripening can lead to the degeneration of films back into particles, particularly when annealing in air versus an inert environment. Coalescence contributes to crystallite growth when particles are small but can confound both crystallite size and orientation development in the later stages of growth. The interaction of the surfactant with the particle is weakened by moisture, lowering the temperature at which the surfactant disassociates from the particle and sintering begins. Moisture also increases the rate of both aggregation and digestion, drastically changing the morphology of the films at any given temperature.
Development of a Time Domain Fluorimeter for Fluorescent Lifetime Multiplexing Analysis (2008)

We show that a portable, inexpensive USB-powered time domain fluorimeter (TDF) and analysis scheme were developed for use in evaluating a new class of fluorescent lifetime multiplexed dyes. Fluorescent proteins, organic dyes, and quantum dots allow the labeling of more and more individual features within biological systems, but the wide absorption and emission spectra of these fluorophores limit the number of distinct processes which may be simultaneously imaged using spectral separation alone. By additionally separating reporters in a second dimension, fluorescent lifetime multiplexing provides a means to multiply the number of available imaging channels.
Ca3AlSb3: an inexpensive, non-toxic thermoelectric material for waste heat recovery (2010)

Thermoelectric materials directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy, offering a promising solid-state solution for waste heat recovery. For thermoelectric devices to make a significant impact on energy and the environment the major impediments are the efficiency, availability and toxicity of current thermoelectric materials. Typically, efficient thermoelectric materials contain heavy elements such as lead and tellurium that are toxic and not earth abundant. Many materials with unusual structures containing abundant and benign elements are known, but remain unexplored for thermoelectric applications. In this paper we demonstrate, with the discovery of high thermoelectric efficiency in Ca3AlSb3, the use of elementary solid-state chemistry and physics to guide the search and optimization of such materials.
Mode evolution type polarization splitter on InGaAsP/InP (1993)

A new type of mode-evolution polarization-splitter based on InGaAsP/lnP has been designed and realized. The component uses the large waveguide birefringence of the first-order TE and TM modes in a ridge waveguide made in a heterostructure, In the input section an asymmetric Y-junction acts as a mode converter in order to inject first-order TE- and TM-modes in a polarization-splitting section, which consists of a Y-junction formed by a bimodal and a monomodal waveguide. In the output section a third Y-junction is connected to the bimodal waveguide to couple the first-order mode to a monomodal output waveguide. Components that are 6-mm long and show polarization splitting at a wavelength of 1.55 mu m have been realized. The best splitting ratios are close to -20 dB, which is in agreement with BPM simulations. Excess losses are below 1 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An Automatic Gain Control Front-End Optical Receiver for Multi-Level Data Transmission (2008)

A receiver optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) with integrated PIN photodiode, an automatic gain control transimpedance amplifier, linear post amplifier and 50 ¿ line driver is presented. Two ICs were designed using 0.6 ¿m BiCMOS technology. One with 760 mV differential output voltage and 623 MHz bandwidth, the other IC has a 420 mV differential output voltage and 712 MHz bandwidth. The post-layout simulation for this optical receiver for multi-level data signals shows a high linearity. The eye diagram of the multi-level signal at a symbol rate of 1.25 Gbaud demonstrates an excellent performance for the optical receiver. The experimental measurement with a binary signal at a bit rate of 1.25 Gb/s indicates that the front-end optical receiver has for 660 nm a sensitivity of -24 dBm for a bit error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> . The reached 10%-90% rise- and fall-times are 0.42 ns and 0.40 ns, respectively.
A Toxicant Treatment Facility for the Field Evaluation of Filtration Media for Urban Stormwater Treatment (2006)

Urban stormwater typically contains high concentrations of hydrocarbons and heavy metals. The spatial and temporal variability of urban stormwater pollutant loads complicates the interpretation of treatment efficiency trials where media are compared between different sites. A toxicant treatment facility for the simultaneous comparison of three stormwater filtration media was constructed on an industrial drain in Melbourne, Victoria. The pollutant-removal characteristics of filtration media including vermicompost, perlite, peat, mountain soil and custom-blended enviromedia were compared. Concentrations of hydrocarbons and dissolved heavy metals in water were measured at the inlet to the treatment facility, and at the outlets from the three treatment tanks to evaluate the removal efficiency of three different media, and the amount of hydrocarbons and heavy metals accumulated by each media were compared at the conclusion of each trial. Mean removal of 59% of dissolved Zn, 70% of dissolved Cu, and 85% of hydrocarbons was achieved with recycled organic media, demonstrating that significant reductions in hydrocarbon and heavy metal pollution can be achieved by passive filtration with affordable, locally available materials. The utility of the TTF for the field-testing of filtration media for stormwater treatment is discussed.
Petabyte‐class video archive system with large‐scale automatic tape feed robot (2002)

Abstract In order to supply a volume of digital video content in the digitalization of broadcasting, it is necessary to realize a method of storing a large number of videos and of high‐speed content retrieval. This paper describes a petabyte (10 15 power) large‐capacity video archive system and its retrieval method. The archive system employs an automatic magnetic tape feed robot that can accommodate 7200 tapes (15,000 hours) in its center, and an HDD server and a DVD server respectively for each purpose, thus making the efficiency of storage and distribution better and realizing retrieval, video delivery, and remote editing from remote sites. Further, a method of detection of scene change points in a video sequence, a method of browsing video production based on the detected scene change points, and a method of visual retrieval by simultaneous playback representation of multiple videos on a screen are also included. In this paper, a large‐scale archive system that has an automatic tape feed robot at its center and a high‐speed and efficient method of retrieval of the target video using the real‐time playback representation of multiple videos are presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(8): 30–40, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.10064
Quantitative Research on Vigor of Ginkgo Trees hit by Typhoon 0613 with Ground-based Digital Image Analysis (2008)

The center of typhoon No.13 (Typhoon 0613) in 2006 passed through the Japan Sea and shaved the southwest corner of Yamaguchi Prefecture with characteristics of strong wind and less rainfall in Yamaguchi City. Many ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) trees showed leaf discoloration and defoliation after its hit in Yamaguchi City, Japan. The crown of them can be clearly divided into green part and non-green part so that they were misrecognised as special ornamental trees. In order to quantitatively study this phenomenon, the indices of green coverage ratio of crown (GCRC), crown coverage (CC), vigor index (VI), and so on were used to analyze the vertical sideward profile of ginkgo trees by ground-based digital image analysis. They reflected leaf discoloration and defoliation of the crowns, and positively related to the distance from coastline (DC). Logistic functions between DC and these indices were obtained, with square correlative coefficients being 0.913, 0.622, and 0.882, respectively for GCRC, CC and VI. There is indication that ground-based digital image analysis can be an effective tool used in evaluating the vigor status of ginkgo trees hit by Typhoon 0613. In the paper, combined with analysis of meteorological data, the reason for damage to ginkgo trees was considered as water stress induced by Typhoon 0613. Based on multi-analysis of the research, there were significant differences of vigor status between coast and inland ginkgo trees after hit by Typhoon 0613.
Visible differences predictor: an algorithm for the assessment of image fidelity (1992)

Image fidelity is the subset of overall image quality that specifically addresses the visual equivalence of two images. This paper describes an algorithm for determining whether the goal of image fidelity is met as a function of display parameters and viewing conditions. Using a digital image processing approach, this algorithm is intended for the design and analysis of image processing algorithms, imaging systems, and imaging media. The visual model, which is the central component of the algorithm, is comprised of three parts: an amplitude nonlinearity, a contrast sensitivity function, and a hierarchy of detection mechanisms.
Acquired Methemoglobinemia From Multiple Oxidants (1993)

Phenazopyridine has been associated with methemoglobinemia in patients who have received an overdose, have decreased renal function, or are discovered to be unusually susceptible to the drug (ie, they may have an undetected NADH methemoglobin reductase deficiency). The case we have presented is unusual in that normal doses of phenazopyridine were given, no renal dysfunction was evident, and our patient had previously been given this drug without complication. Methemoglobinemia appeared to be the result of metabolic overload by multiple oxidants (phenazopyridine and lidocaine) of the normal reductase pathways in the erythrocytes. We saw no evidence to indicate that bupivacaine contributed to its development. Enzyme pathway changes induced by chemotherapy should be considered, though few studies have linked alterations of enzyme levels and pathways with chemotherapy and malignancy.
Effect of Flowering Date on Accumulation of Dry Matter and Protein in Soybean Seeds1 (1981)

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of time of flowering on the rate of dry matter and protein accumulation in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds, and to evaluate the relationship between these accumulation rates and the duration of the lag, linear filling, and plateau phases of soybean seed growth. Field studies were conducted on a well‐drained Waukegan silt loam (Typic Hapludoll) at St. Paul, Minn. In 1978 the cvs. ‘McCall’ (Maturity Group 00) and ‘Hodgson 78’ (Group I) were used. In 1979, ‘Altona’ (Group 00) and ‘Steele’ (Group I) were added. On 1 day during both the early and late stages of flowering, 250 flowers were tagged on several plants of each cultivar. During pod filling, pods from these tagged flowers were harvested at weekly intervals for determination of seed dry matter and protein accumulation rates, as well as the duration of the lag, linear filling, and plateau phases of seed growth. We concluded that meaningful relationships between soybean seed growth rate, duration of seed growth phases, and seed size do not exist. However, late maturing seeds of all cultivars consistently had faster (+ 32%) rates of dry matter accumulation, and even faster (+ 42%) rates of protein accumulation in both years of the study. Possible explanations of these fast accumulation rates are discussed.
Principles for optimizing CORBA Internet Inter-ORB Protocol performance (2002)

The Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP) enables heterogeneous CORBA-compliant object request brokers (ORBs) to interoperate over TCP/IP networks. The IIOP uses the Common Data Representation (CDR) transfer syntax to map OMG Interface Definition Language (IDL) data types into a portable network format. Due to the excessive marshaling/demarshaling overhead, data copying and high-levels of function call overhead, some implementations of IIOP protocols have yielded relatively poor performance over high-speed networks. To meet the demands of emerging distributed multimedia applications, however, CORBA-compliant ORBs must support interoperable and highly efficient IIOP implementations. This paper provides contributions to the study and design of efficient CORBA IIOP implementations. We outline the software architecture of the SunSoft's public domain implementation of IIOP version 1.0. We pin-point the key sources of overhead in the SunSoft IIOP implementation by measuring its performance for transferring richly-typed data over a high-speed ATM network. We empirically demonstrate the benefits of systematically applying protocol optimizations to SunSoft IIOP. The results of applying these optimizations to SunSoft IIOP improved its performance substantially for all data types. The resulting optimized IIOP implementation is competitive with existing commercial ORBs using CORBA's static invocation interface and 2 to 4.5 times faster than commercial ORBs using the dynamic skeleton interface. We have integrated the optimized IIOP implementation into TAO, which is a CORBA ORB targeted for real-time systems.
ChemInform Abstract: MONO‐, DI‐, AND TRIALLYL DERIVATIVES OF 5‐(HYDROXYMETHYL)URACIL (1978)

Abstract Ausgehend vom Uracil (II) werden nach angegebenem Schema die Allyl‐Derivate (I), (IV) und (V) synthetisiert.
Plague, camels, and lice (2019)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
The Claisen Rearrangement. IV.1 “Out-of-Ring” Claisen Rearrangement to the Active Methylene Group of a meta Side Chain in Allyl 4-Quinolyl Ethers2 (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Claisen Rearrangement. IV.1 “Out-of-Ring” Claisen Rearrangement to the Active Methylene Group of a meta Side Chain in Allyl 4-Quinolyl Ethers2Yasuo MakisumiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 6, 1989–1994Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01017a067RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (754 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts