gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conditions affecting the purification of simulated wet-process phosphoric acids by solvent extraction (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConditions affecting the purification of simulated wet-process phosphoric acids by solvent extractionYong K. Kim, Henry K. Walters, and John D. HatfieldCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1974, 22, 6, 1099–1106Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60196a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60196a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Exploring Transfer Learning for Ventricular Tachycardia Electrophysiology Studies (2022)

Arrhythmogenic sites in post-ischemic ventricular tachycardia (VT) are usually identified by looking for abnormal ventricular potentials (AVPs) in intracardiac electrograms (EGMs). Unfortunately, the accurate recognition of AVPs is a challenging problem for different reasons, including the intrinsic variability in the AVP waveform. Given the high performance of deep neural networks in several scenarios, in this work, we explored the use of transfer learning (TL) for AVPs detection in intracardiac electrophysiology.A balanced set of 1504 bipolar intracardiac EGMs was collected from nine post-ischemic VT patients.The time-frequency representation was generated for each EGM by computing the synchrosqueezed wavelet transform to be used in the re-training of the convolutional neural network.The proposed approach allows obtaining high recognition results, above 90% for all the investigated performance indexes, demonstrating the effectiveness of deep learning in the recognition of AVPs in post-ischemic VT EGMs and paving the way for its use in supporting clinicians in targeting arrhythmogenic sites.In addition, this study further confirms the efficacy of the TL approach even in case of limited dataset sizes.
Large-scale crowdsourced radiotherapy segmentations across a variety of cancer anatomic sites: Interobserver expert/non-expert and multi-observer composite tumor and normal tissue delineation annotations from a prospective educational challenge (2022)

Abstract Clinician generated segmentation of tumor and healthy tissue regions of interest (ROIs) on medical images is crucial for radiotherapy. However, interobserver segmentation variability has long been considered a significant detriment to the implementation of high-quality and consistent radiotherapy dose delivery. This has prompted the increasing development of automated segmentation approaches. However, extant segmentation datasets typically only provide segmentations generated by a limited number of annotators with varying, and often unspecified, levels of expertise. In this data descriptor, numerous clinician annotators manually generated segmentations for ROIs on computed tomography images across a variety of cancer sites (breast, sarcoma, head and neck, gynecologic, gastrointestinal; one patient per cancer site) for the Contouring Collaborative for Consensus in Radiation Oncology challenge. In total, over 200 annotators (experts and non-experts) contributed using a standardized annotation platform (ProKnow). Subsequently, we converted data into NIfTI format with standardized nomenclature for ease of use. In addition, we generated consensus segmentations for experts and non-experts using the STAPLE method. These standardized, structured, and easily accessible data are a valuable resource for systematically studying variability in segmentation applications.
Fluid catalytic cracking with zeolite catalysts (1979)

This book should be particularly useful for the chemical or petroleum-refinery engineer who seeks a thorough, broad treatment of both the engineering and chemistry of catalytic cracking with zeolites. The treatment of the chemistry of cracking and of zeolites would also serve as an authoritative introduction for chemists. It is not the purpose of the book, however, to provide a thorough review of these chemistries and the relevant research literature. Perhaps that feature which makes the book unique is its successful exposition of the interactions among feedstocks, parent crude oils, catalyst, hardware, and operating conditions. It should have special appeal to those engineers and scientist attuned to the ''systems approach''.
Performance trade-offs in the flight initiation ofDrosophila (2008)

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster performs at least two distinct types of flight initiation. One kind is a stereotyped escape response to a visual stimulus that is mediated by the hard-wired giant fiber neural pathway, and the other is a more variable ;voluntary' response that can be performed without giant fiber activation. Because the simpler escape take-offs are apparently successful, it is unclear why the fly has multiple pathways to coordinate flight initiation. In this study we use high-speed videography to observe flight initiation in unrestrained wild-type flies and assess the flight performance of each of the two types of take-off. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of take-off sequences indicates that wing use during the jumping phase of flight initiation is essential for stabilizing flight. During voluntary take-offs, early wing elevation leads to a slower and more stable take-off. In contrast, during visually elicited escapes, the wings are pulled down close to the body during take-off, resulting in tumbling flights in which the fly translates faster but also rotates rapidly about all three of its body axes. Additionally, we find evidence that the power delivered by the legs is substantially greater during visually elicited escapes than during voluntary take-offs. Thus, we find that the two types of Drosophila flight initiation result in different flight performances once the fly is airborne, and that these performances are distinguished by a trade-off between speed and stability.
Chios Gum Mastic: A Review of its Biological Activities (2012)

The resin of Pistacia lentiscus (L.) var. chia (Duham), an evergreen shrub belonging to the family Anacardiaceae and uniquely cultivated in southern Chios, is known as mastic. It has been used for more than 2500 years in traditional Greek medicine for treating several diseases such as gastralgia and peptic ulcers, while the actions of the gum are mentioned in the works of Herodotus, Dioscorides and Galen. Several Roman, Byzantine, Arab and European authors make extensive references to mastic's healing properties. Modern scientific research has justified the beneficial action of mastic to gastric diseases, by revealing its in vivo and in vitro activity against Helicobacter pylori, which is considered as the main cause for gastric ulcers. Furthermore, studies of the antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-Crohn and anticancer activities of mastic have characterized it as a wide-range therapeutic agent and a potential source of nature-originated treatments.
Accurate Clock Period Comparison for PLL Using Phase-Shift Direction Detector (2011)

We proposed a new architecture for a phase-locked loop (PLL) obtained by comparing clock periods. We evaluated the use of a clock-period comparator (CPC) for the digitally controlled PLL we propose, where only the frequency should be locked. However, frequency control with the CPC resulted in the phase being locked. Thus, phase-lock operation was also achieved. The theoretical analysis of the phase-lock mechanism was confirmed through system simulations. We discussed about dead-zone problem caused by a time delay of circuits. We evaluated phase-shift direction detector to solve the dead zone problem. We designed the element blocks of the new PLL using a 0.25-μm CMOS process. We confirmed phase-lock operation through SPICE simulations of the MOSFET level. Moreover, we manufactured a trial circuit for the new PLL. We also confirmed phase-lock operation in the proposed PLL through measurements.
A receptor-independent signaling pathway for BDNF (2022)

Abstract In addition to its well-known receptor-mediated function in cell survival, differentiation and growth, we report that the extracellular brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) also controls the intracellular KEAP1-NRF2 cytoprotective system by a receptor-independent pathway. Extracellular BDNF can cross the cell membrane as it possesses a protein-translocation domain, also known as cell-penetrating peptide. This membrane crossing process is energy-independent, ruling out endocytosis and receptor-dependent mechanisms. Once in the cytosol, BDNF binds to KEAP1 with a nanomolar affinity, enabling nuclear translocation of NRF2 and transcription of NRF2-target genes. BDNF is thus a major regulator of NRF2 activation. A dysfunction of this BDNF-KEAP1-NRF2 pathway may be involved in most diseases where antioxidant and cytoprotective functions are altered. This novel form of communication, whereby a receptor ligand protein exerts a biological activity by crossing the cell membrane, opens new avenues for cell signaling.
Multilevel Coded Modulation With Reduced Latency Decoding Based on Novel Set Partitioning for APSK (2015)

We address the use of a multilevel coding (MLC) to the amplitude phase-shift keying (APSK) modulations that consist of multiple PSK rings of different radii with a distinct number of constellation points. Such modulations have been adopted in the satellite broadcasting standards since they have a significant advantage over commonly used square-type quadrature amplitude modulations; their signals exhibit lower peak-to-average power ratio and thus enhance the power amplifier efficiency at the transmitter. A common low-complexity approach for decoding of MLC is the multi-stage decoding (MSD). However, MSD in general leads to severe latency at the decoder since the binary decisions on the higher levels should wait for those of the lower levels. Furthermore, this latency issue is even more salient for APSK signaling due to its circular nature of constellations that does not allow its decomposition into in-phase and quadrature components (i.e., I-Q decomposition). Therefore, in this paper we introduce a new MLC design for APSK that enables the decoder to reduce its latency without any increase in terms of complexity. The proposed approach consists of a novel labeling with an unconventional set partitioning that allows the detector to make use of I-Q decomposition. Specifically, the proposed set partitioning results in a quadrature-PSK constellation at the penultimate level, which can be decomposed into a pair of separately decodable binary-PSK constellations at the final level. The resulting decoder consists of a combination of MSD and parallel independent decoding that can be implemented with lower latency. The simulation results together with the theoretical analyses demonstrate that the reduction of not only the decoding latency but also the complexity in bit metric calculation can be achieved without noticeable degradation in terms of error performance compared to the conventional set partitioning approach.
Mg2+Imparts NMDA Receptor Subtype Selectivity to the Alzheimer's Drug Memantine (2009)

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) mediate interneuronal communication and are broadly involved in nervous system physiology and pathology (Dingledine et al., 1999). Memantine, a drug that blocks the ion channel formed by NMDARs, is a widely prescribed treatment of Alzheimer's disease (Schmitt, 2005; Lipton, 2006; Parsons et al., 2007). Research on memantine's mechanism of action has focused on the NMDAR subtypes most highly expressed in adult cerebral cortex, NR1/2A and NR1/2B receptors (Cull-Candy and Leszkiewicz, 2004), and has largely ignored interactions with extracellular Mg(2+) (Mg(2+)(o)). Mg(2+)(o) is an endogenous NMDAR channel blocker that binds near memantine's binding site (Kashiwagi et al., 2002; Chen and Lipton, 2005). We report that a physiological concentration (1 mM) of Mg(2+)(o) decreased memantine inhibition of NR1/2A and NR1/2B receptors nearly 20-fold at a membrane voltage near rest. In contrast, memantine inhibition of the other principal NMDAR subtypes, NR1/2C and NR1/2D receptors, was decreased only approximately 3-fold. As a result, therapeutic memantine concentrations should have negligible effects on NR1/2A or NR1/2B receptor activity but pronounced effects on NR1/2C and NR1/2D receptors. Quantitative modeling showed that the voltage dependence of memantine inhibition also is altered by 1 mM Mg(2+)(o). We report similar results with the NMDAR channel blocker ketamine, a drug used to model schizophrenia (Krystal et al., 2003). These results suggest that currently hypothesized mechanisms of memantine and ketamine action should be reconsidered and that NR1/2C and/or NR1/2D receptors play a more important role in cortical physiology and pathology than previously appreciated.
Entering mask process correction era for EUV mask manufacturing (2013)

The 50keV ebeam exposure of EUV blanks leads to additional electron backscattering from the tantalum layer and the mirror portion of the blank substrate that cannot be adequately corrected by in-tool algorithms. Coupling this additional backscatter with process effects, such as develop and etch micro/macro loading, results in significant systematic Critical Dimension (CD) errors for through pitch and linearity patterns on EUV masks. In wafer production EUV masks are targeted as single layer exposure, which requires extremely stringent CD control. The systematic CD errors can easily exceed the CD requirements of a typical EUV mask, facilitating the need for a correction scheme or mask process correction (MPC). AMTC and GLOBALFOUNDRIES have started a program to evaluate MPC solutions and drive improvements. Working closely with companies that provide solutions for ebeam and process modelling along with the corresponding correction, we have completed several iterations of MPC evaluations. Specifically, we have tested different equipment, processes and process partitioning for model calibration including a verification of the results. We report on the results of these evaluations, which include simulation of available models, as well as verification data from mask prints. We conclude by summarizing the current capabilities of available MPC solutions and present the remaining gaps for model and correction accuracy as well as the remaining questions for fully implementing MPC into the process landscape.
Hydrogen-Induced Blistering of SiC: The Role of Post-Implant Multi-Step Annealing Sequences (2006)

Hydrogen-exfoliation has become a viable approach to transfer SiC thin layers onto different substrate materials. However, little attention has been paid to the exfoliation-inducing annealing conditions. To investigate the annealing conditions, 4H SiC wafers were implanted with either 2.5×1016 H2 + cm-2 or 5.0×1016 cm-2at 37 KeV. Post-implant, multi-step annealing sequences were examined in order to promote more efficient blistering, and it was found that a low temperature initial annealing step (T ≈ 500°C) can decrease the annealing time necessary in the high temperature regime; this was attributed to a nucleation of hydrogen induced platelet defects during the low temperature annealing regime and efficient splitting during a higher temperature (900 °C) anneal. This process is similar to what is observed for InP and Si exfoliation, except that the annealing processes occur at higher temperature.
Adaptive thresholding to robust image binarization for degraded document images (2017)

Owing to the elevated intra/inter variation among the foreground and background text of various document images, the text segmentation from the poorly degraded document images is the difficult job. This paper presents the document image binarization method by adaptive image contrast which is the integration of the local image gradient and the local image contrast which is lenient to background and text variation generated by various document degradations. Initially, an adaptive contrast map is constructed for the input degraded document image by the proposed document image binarization method. Then, the binarization is performed on this adaptive contrast map and the binarized contrast map is integrated with the Canny's edge map for determining the text stroke edge pixels. After that, depends on the local threshold which is defined by the identified text stroke edge pixels' intensities in the local window, the document text is divided. The proposed method is straight forward, vigorous, and it requires least amount of parameter tuning. The experimentation is performed on DIBCO 2011 dataset and the results of the experimentation show that the proposed method achieved high performance than the state-of-the-art methods.
FIRST‐TRIMESTER GROWTH PATTERNS OF ANEUPLOID FETUSES (1997)

First-trimester growth restriction has been reported in certain aneuploid pregnancies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this association further by comparing the crown–rump lengths (CRLs) and growth rates from 196 chromosomally abnormal fetuses with a control population of 1929 euploid fetuses. The mean CRLs and growth rates were significantly reduced (P<0·05) in the groups of fetuses with trisomy 18 (n=49), trisomy 13 (n=19), and triploidy (n=8). Using a fifth percentile cut-off, growth rate was a better discriminator than a single CRL in identifying fetuses affected with these aneuploidies. These growth parameters were not significantly reduced in fetuses with trisomy 21 (n=92), sex chromosome trisomies (n=20), or 45,X (n=8). We conclude that fetal growth restriction associated with an underlying chromosome abnormality can occur as early as the first trimester. This phenomenon results from intrinsic fetal factors and not delayed ovulation. Such information is important to establish as first-trimester serum screening evolves. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genome‐wide association analysis of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, and the modifying effects of BMI in 388k European individuals (2021)

Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are biomarkers for liver health. Here we report the largest genome-wide association analysis to date of serum ALT and AST levels in over 388k people of European ancestry from UK biobank and DiscovEHR. Eleven million imputed markers with a minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥ 0.5% were analyzed. Overall, 300 ALT and 336 AST independent genome-wide significant associations were identified. Among them, 81 ALT and 61 AST associations are reported for the first time. Genome-wide interaction study identified 9 ALT and 12 AST independent associations significantly modified by body mass index (BMI), including several previously reported potential liver disease therapeutic targets, for example, PNPLA3, HSD17B13, and MARC1. While further work is necessary to understand the effect of ALT and AST-associated variants on liver disease, the weighted burden of significant BMI-modified signals is significantly associated with liver disease outcomes. In summary, this study identifies genetic associations which offer an important step forward in understanding the genetic architecture of serum ALT and AST levels. Significant interactions between BMI and genetic loci not only highlight the important role of adiposity in liver damage but also shed light on the genetic etiology of liver disease in obese individuals.
p38MAPK inhibitors attenuate cytokine production by bone marrow stromal cells and reduce stroma-mediated proliferation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (2009)

These findings suggest that inhibition of p38(MAPK) may provide a useful adjunct to current treatment strategies by retarding ALL cell growth.
The prognostic value of FOXA1 expression in prostatectomy specimens for patients undergoing salvage radiation therapy. (2015)

e16129 Background: In this study, we evaluate the prognostic value of Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1), a pioneer transcription factor, Immunohistochemistry staining in a cohort of prostate cancer patients that have undergone salvage radiation therapy (SRT) after failing radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: We reviewed an institutional database and identified all prostate cancer patients who were treated with SRT between the years 2004 and 2008 and had pathology slides available for IHC. Disease characteristics, treatment information, and clinical outcomes data were tabulated for each patient. Paraffin embedded prostatectomy tissue slides were stained with FOXA1 antibody using immunohistochemistry. The expression of FOXA1 in each sample were scored by a single GU pathologist and assigned a proportion score (PS) representing the number of positively stained tumor cells (0, none; 1, < 1/100; 2, 1/100 to 1/10; 3, 1/10 to 1/3; 4, 1/3; to 2/3; and 5, > 2/3), as well as an intensity score (IS) representing the average intensity of the positive tumor cells (0, none; 1, weak, 2, intermediate; and 3, strong). These two scores were combined to yield a total score (TS), which ranged from 0 to 8. Kaplan-meier curves were generated to depict actuarial rates of freedom from biochemical recurrence and freedom from distant metastasis for patients with low ( < 6) and high ( ≥ 7) TS. Comparisons were made using logrank testing. Results: Twenty-three patients met eligibility criteria for this analysis. TS was ≤ 6 in 7 patients, 7 in 8 patients, and 8 in 8 patients. With a median follow-up time of 85 months after SRT, 13 biochemical recurrences occurred, and 5 patients developed distant metastases. High TS was associated with inferior freedom from biochemical recurrence (5-year rates 31% v. 86%) and inferior freedom from distant metastasis (5-year rates 68% v. 100%), though these associations approached but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: FOXA1 expression levels on prostatectomy specimens may be a valuable prognostic factor for subsequent clinical outcomes. Future studies with a larger sample size should investigate the value of FOXA1 expression and how these results may be used to personalize therapy.
Usefullness of carina as a radiographic landmark of central venous catheter tip position in pediatric patients (2005)

Yoon, S. Z.; Shin, J. H.; Yeom, K. W.; Kim, Y. R.; Kim, S. D.; Kim, C. S.; Ham, B. M. Author Information