gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aligned Ti3C2TX Aerogel with High Rate Performance, Power Density and Sub-Zero-Temperature Stability (2022)

Ti3C2Tx-based aerogels have attracted widespread attention for three-dimensional porous structures, which are promising to realize high-rate energy storage. However, disordered Ti3C2Tx aerogels with highly tortuous porosity fabricated by conventional unidirectional freeze-casting substantially increase ion diffusion lengths and hinder electrolyte ions transport. Herein we demonstrate a new bidirectional ice-templated approach to synthesize porous ordered Ti3C2Tx aerogel with straight and aligned channels, straight and short ion diffusion pathways, leading to better ion accessibility. The aligned Ti3C2Tx aerogel exhibits the high specific capacitance of 345 F g−1 at 20 mV s−1 and rate capability of 52.2% from 10 to 5000 mV s−1. The specific capacitance is insensitive of mass loadings even at 10 mg cm−2 and an excellent power density of 137.3 mW cm–2 is obtained in symmetric supercapacitors. The electrochemical properties of Ti3C2Tx aerogel supercapacitors at sub-zero (to −30 °C) temperatures are reported for the first time. The aligned Ti3C2Tx aerogel delivers temperature-independent rate performance and high capacitance retention (73% at 50 mV s−1 from 25 to −30 °C) due to the unique structure with metallic conductivity.
Excellent high temperature retention of TiO<inf>x</inf>N<inf>y</inf> ReRAM by interfacial layer engineering (2018)

Since the resistance switching of the transition metal oxide (TMO) resistive random access memory (ReRAM) is based on the interaction between the oxygen ions and vacancies, the unintentional oxygen/vacancy reaction should be avoided during data retention. This work demonstrates significant improvements on the retention performance by inserting a Si layer in the TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> ReRAM to block the diffusion of oxygen ions through the Ti/TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> interface. The mechanism and factors that influenced the HRS and LRS retention are also studied. The retention performance of HRS is correlated with its RESET level while the LRS retention depends on the programming current. The proposed Ti/Si/TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> ReRAMs can switch for more than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> cycles from array testing results.
2 Jahre COVID-19-Pandemie – was haben wir gelernt? (2022)

After 2 years and 5 waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Germany and experience with superspreader events worldwide, we know that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a rapidly mutating virus with changing clinical phenotypes. Besides infections of the respiratory tract, which in severe cases are accompanied by pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation, the involvement of the heart with myocarditis and pericarditis as well as the kidneys have short-term and also long-term consequences. We have learnt to deal with myocarditis and pericarditis in acute infections and after vaccinations, which in rare cases can also lead to myocarditis and pericarditis. Myocarditis with myocytolysis in autopsy specimens or endomyocardial biopsy specimens is rare. In contrast, elevated troponin levels and suspicious cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are much more frequent. The best preventive measure is a complete double basic vaccination and booster vaccination with an mRNA vaccine. For patients and medical personnel precise information is given with respect to personal protective equipment and behavior (distancing-hygiene-mask-airing rule).
A Systematic PVQV-Curves Approach for Investigating the Impact of Solar Photovoltaic-Generator in Power System Using PowerWorld Simulator (2020)

With the recent growing interest in renewable energy integrated power systems across the globe for the various economic and environmental benefits, it is also significant to consider their influence on voltage stability in power systems. Therefore, this paper reports the static voltage stability impact of solar photovoltaic generation on power networks using PowerWorld simulator power-voltage (P–V)- and voltage-reactive power (V–Q)-curves to investigate the renewable energy generator model performance suitability. The impact of varying power factor control and static voltage droop control of a photovoltaic plant on the maximum generated power, threshold voltage profile and reactive power marginal loading has been examined. Besides, the concept of percentage change in voltage-power sensitivity has been systematically utilized to determine the optimal location for the solar photovoltaic generator on the power grid and the feasible penetrations have been defined for selected system buses. From the simulation results it can be concluded that in a steady-state analysis of the grid integrated power system the effects of power factor (pf) control and voltage droop control should be considered by power grid engineers for effective system operation and, equally, the application of percentage change in voltage-power sensitivity should be extended to real networks to determine the best positions for multiple installations of renewable energy resources.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐2‐SIDE CHAIN MODIFICATION OF 2‐METHYL‐3‐ALKYLINDOLES VIA 3‐METHYLTHIOINDOLENINES: A NEW APPROACH TO PYRROLO(1,2‐A)INDOLES (1985)

Abstract Aus den beiden Indolen (I) erhält man mit Methansulfenylchlorid und Triethylamin die Substitutionsprodukte (II), die in die Anionen (III) übergehen.
ON INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY (2009)

Instantaneous frequency (IF) is necessary for understanding the detailed mechanisms for nonlinear and nonstationary processes. Historically, IF was computed from analytic signal (AS) through the Hilbert transform. This paper offers an overview of the difficulties involved in using AS, and two new methods to overcome the difficulties for computing IF. The first approach is to compute the quadrature (defined here as a simple 90° shift of phase angle) directly. The second approach is designated as the normalized Hilbert transform (NHT), which consists of applying the Hilbert transform to the empirically determined FM signals. Additionally, we have also introduced alternative methods to compute local frequency, the generalized zero-crossing (GZC), and the teager energy operator (TEO) methods. Through careful comparisons, we found that the NHT and direct quadrature gave the best overall performance. While the TEO method is the most localized, it is limited to data from linear processes, the GZC method is the most robust and accurate although limited to the mean frequency over a quarter wavelength of temporal resolution. With these results, we believe most of the problems associated with the IF determination are resolved, and a true time–frequency analysis is thus taking another step toward maturity.
HAV‐Peptides Attached to Colloidal Probes Faithfully Detect E‐Cadherins Displayed on Living Cells (2023)

Cell adhesion molecules are crucial for a variety of biological processes, including wound healing, barrier formation and tissue homeostasis. One of them is E-cadherin which is generally found at adherent junctions between epithelial cells. To identify this molecule on the surface of cells, E-cadherin mimetic peptides with a critical amino acid sequence of HAV (histidine-alanine-valine) were synthesized and attached to solid-supported membranes covering colloidal probes. Two different functionalization strategies were established, one based on the complexation of DOGS-NTA(Ni) with a polyhistidine-tagged HAV-peptide and the other one relying on the formation of a HAV-lipopeptide using in situ maleimide-thiol coupling. Binding studies were performed to verify the ability of the peptides to attach to the membrane surface. Compared to the non-covalent attachment via the His-tag, we achieved a higher yield by lipopeptide formation. Colloidal probes functionalized with HAV-peptides were employed to measure the presence of E-cadherins on living cells either using video particle tracking or force spectroscopy. Here, human HaCaT cells were examined confirming the specific interaction of the HAV-peptide with the E-cadherin of the cells. Statistical methods were also used to determine the number of single-bond ruptures and the force of a single bond. These findings may be essential for the development of novel biosynthetic materials given their potential to become increasingly relevant in medical applications.
Isolation of Acidophilic Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria from Northern Peat Wetlands (1998)

Acidic northern wetlands are an important source of methane, one of the gases that contributes to global warming. Methane oxidation in the surface of these acidic wetlands can reduce the methane flux to the atmosphere up to 90 percent. Here the isolation of three methanotrophic microorganisms from three boreal forest sites is reported. They are moderately acidophilic organisms and have a soluble methane monooxygenase. In contrast to the known groups of methanotrophs, 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis shows that they are affiliated with the acidophilic heterotrophic bacterium Beijerinckia indica subsp. indica.
Mechanical Properties of Needle Punched Chopped Strand Mat Composite with Open Hole (2017)

Mechanical joints are usually and easily used for joining structural parts. However, for joining composite parts, stress concentration at the edge of circular hole of composite laminates leads local and ultimate destruction of the entire structure. Therefore, needle punching techniques were focused on to improve composite strength around open holes. Needle punch process can make handling abilities of textile fabrics by special needles for entangling fibers. By applying this technique, interlaminar properties of the composite laminates can be improved, therefore restrain of crack propagation at open holes by needle punch technique can be expected. However, effect of needle punch process on tensile properties have not been investigated. In this study, effect of needle punch process for glass fiber chopped strand mat as a reinforcement of composite materials on tensile properties of the composites with an open hole was investigated by changing needle punch density. The tensile strength was increased and decreased with increase in needle punch density. From the crosssectional observation, dispersion of fibers by kneedle punch process was the reason to improve mechanical properties.
Electrical and thermal transport properties of spark plasma sintered n-type Bi2Te3−xSex alloys: the combined effect of point defect and Se content (2015)

Investigation of electrical and thermal transport properties in powder-processed Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3−x</sub>Se<sub>x</sub> thermoelectric alloys determined the optimal composition based on defect chemistry.
Simultaneous localization and map building for mobile robot navigation (1999)

Inexpensive ultrasonic sensors, incremental encoders, and grid-based probabilistic modeling are used for improved robot navigation in indoor environments. For model-building, range data from ultrasonic sensors are constantly sampled and a map is built and updated immediately while the robot is travelling through the workspace. The local world model is based on the concept of an occupancy grid. The world model extracted from the range data is based on the geometric primitive of line segments. For the extraction of these features, methods such as the Hough transform and clustering are utilized. The perceived local world model along with dead-reckoning and ultrasonic sensor data are combined using an extended Kalman filter in a localization scheme to estimate the current position and orientation of the mobile robot, which is subsequently fed to the map-building algorithm. Implementation issues and experimental results with the Nomad 150 mobile robot in a real-world indoor environment (office space) are presented.
Determination of the Refractive Indices of Soot Particles from the Reflectivities of Compressed Soot Pellets (1984)

Abstract Abstract-Measurements of the polarized components of the reflectivity of a compressed propane soot pellet are presented which demonstrate that, for wavelengths in the infrared, the reflection is specular and is described by the Fresnel equations. By matching these equations to the full angular variations of the specular reflectivities, an effective refractive index of the soot/air mixture is determined at each wavelength. To deduce the refractive indices of the particles themselves, theories for the optical properties of composites are considered and a new relationship based upon the effective medium theory is introduced. The void fraction near the surface of the pellet must be known. A technique is presented for measuring this voidage by performing image analyses of scanning electronmicrographs of the pellet surface. This value of void is found to be substantially less than the bulk void. The inferred indices of the particles are seen to be sensitiveto the value of the void fraction but somewhat insensitive to the particular theory adopted for the optical properties of the soot/air mixture.
Transmit/receive module technology for X-band active array radar (1991)

Phased array radar system developments using X-band transmit/receive (T/R) module technology are summarized. Requirements are developed from systems concepts for fighter aircraft radar applications. Factors influencing system performance are discussed in terms of the allowable tradeoffs that must be considered for deployable systems. T/R module architectures are investigated in light of the system derived performance requirements. These module requirements are reduced to the individual circuit function level, and examples of circuits developed to meet these requirements are presented. Critical T/R module technologies are discussed in view of the latest developments in microwave active and control devices, manufacturing assembly processes and equipment, package materials and fabrication processes, and test automation. Module developments during the past 25 years are discussed chronologically and described in terms of the performance characteristics attained. Test requirements unique to module integration and aperture-level performance verification are highlighted. Module price targets are derived from affordability constraints imposed by the fighter aircraft radar application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Air spark-like plasma source for antimicrobial NOxgeneration (2014)

We demonstrate and analyse the generation of nitrogen oxides and their antimicrobial efficacy using atmospheric air spark-like plasmas. Spark-like discharges in air in a 1 L confined volume are shown to generate NOx at an initial rate of about 1.5 × 1016 NOx molecules/J dissipated in the plasma. Such a discharge operating in this confined volume generates on the order of 6000 ppm NOx in 10 min. Around 90% of the NOx is in the form of NO2 after several minutes of operation in the confined volume, suggesting that NO2 is the dominant antimicrobial component. The strong antimicrobial action of the NOx mixture after several minutes of plasma operation is demonstrated by measuring rates of E. coli disinfection on surfaces and in water exposed to the NOx mixture. Some possible applications of plasma generation of NOx (perhaps followed by dissolution in water) include disinfection of surfaces, skin or wound antisepsis, and sterilization of medical instruments at or near room temperature.
Extreme Environmental Thermal Shock Induced Dislocation‐Rich Pt Nanoparticles Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2021)

Crystal structure engineering of nanomaterials is crucial for the design of electrocatalysts. Inducing dislocations is an efficient approach to generate strain effects in nanomaterials to optimize the crystal and electronic structures and improve the catalytic properties. However, it is almost impossible to produce and retain dislocations in commercial mainstream catalysts, such as single metal platinum (Pt) catalysts. In this work, a non-equilibrium high-temperature (>1400 K) thermal-shock method is reported to induce rich dislocations in Pt nanocrystals (Dr-Pt). The method is performed in an extreme environment (≈77 K) created by liquid nitrogen. The dislocations induced within milliseconds by thermal and structural stress during the crystallization process are kinetically frozen at an ultrafast cooling rate. The high-energy surface structures with dislocation-induced strain effects can prevent surface restructuring during catalysis. The findings indicate that a novel extreme environmental high-temperature thermal-shock method can successfully introduce rich dislocations in Pt nanoparticles and significantly boost its hydrogen evolution reaction performance.
Virtual desktop environment on Cloud computing platform (2014)

This paper describes about the virtual desktop environment on Cloud computing. In the modern world, the tasks become more complex and difficult to accomplish which causes the existing of heavy load applications in an educational environment. The limitation of computer's specification in the school and universities' laboratory will affect the learning process. Therefore, this paper proposed development of a cloud server machine by using cloud computing platform. The cloud computing is a technology or distributed architecture that used software and desktop Virtualization concept to separates the desktop environment, store data, run applications and allow people to access it remotely. The objectives of this project are to develop a cloud server machine for the thin client computers to be able to access the different operating systems, run heavier load applications, and conduct testing on the effectiveness which include performance level for different operating systems by running the applications using Virtualization concept. The result shows that the thin client computer may access the server machine and different operating systems remotely. In addition, the result shows that the Ubuntu 12.04 has the lowest response time compared with Windows 7 from the server to the thin client computer. Then, the thin client computer can run heavier load applications virtually and it has determined the Ubuntu 12.04 is the best operating system compared to Windows 7 in order to run applications on the Xen Cloud Platform.
Using a Mobile Application for Real-Time Collection of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery within an ERAS® Pathway (2019)

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are essential for patient-centered health care. This pilot study implemented a mobile application customized to an hepatopancreatobiliary Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) program-a novel environment-for real-time collection of PROs, including ERAS® pathway compliance. Patients undergoing hepatectomy, distal pancreatectomy, or pancreaticoduodenectomy through the ERAS® program were prospectively enrolled over 10 months. The application provided education and questionnaires before surgery through 30 days postdischarge. Thresholds were set for initial adoption of the application (75%), PRO response rate (50%), and patient satisfaction (75%). Daily postdischarge health checks integrated customized responses to guide out-of-hospital care. Of 165 enrolled patients, 122 met inclusion criteria. Application adoption was 93 per cent (114/122) and in-hospital engagement remained high at 88 per cent (107/122). Patients completed 62 per cent of PRO on quality of life, postoperative pain, nausea, opioid consumption, and compliance to ERAS® pathway items, including ambulation and breathing exercises. During postcharge tracking, 12 patients reported that the application prevented a phone call to the hospital and three patients reported prevention of an emergency room visit. PRO collection through this mobile device created an integrated platform for comprehensive perioperative care, patient-initiated outcome tracking with automatic reporting, and real-time feedback for process change. Improving proactive outpatient management of complex patients through mobile technology could help restructure health-care delivery and improve resource utilization for all patients.
Mediators of Social Support and Antiretroviral Adherence Among an Indigent Population in New York City (2002)

Survey interviews were conducted with a random sample of 50 primarily indigent, African American and Puerto Rican men and women at an outpatient human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinic in the Bronx, New York. Analyses revealed a generally high rate of adherence according to self-report data (i.e., on average, participants reported taking 85% of their medications over the last 3 days). However, adherence to the correct number of pills, dosing schedules, and special instructions was more problematic. No sociodemographic or substance use indicators were associated with adherence. Compared to men, women reported higher scores on the Crowne-Marlowe Social Desirability Scale, which were positively correlated with self-reported adherence. "Forgot" (50%) and "felt worse" (46%) were the most common reasons for missed doses. Mediation analyses provided partial support for our proposed model of social support and adherence. Specifically, regression analyses controlling for social desirability indicated that need for social support was positively correlated with acknowledged nonadherence and that this relationship was mediated by self-efficacy and depressive symptomatology.
Small cells in UMTS Radio Access Networks: Implications on coverage and energy efficiency (2013)

In the last years, several contributions to the subject of reducing the energy consumption in fixed and mobile networks have been proposed. In mobile networks, a promising approach is to shut down base stations in low traffic hours to save energy. In this work, we examine the implications of such base station shutdowns on the UMTS Radio Access Network (RAN) coverage by the example of a German urban city scenario. We first show that the indoor coverage is seriously affected by a macro base station shutdown. Afterwards, we investigate the option of a small cell overlay to sustain network coverage in case of macro base station shutdowns and derive a strategy to operate a heterogeneous UMTS RAN (consisting of small and macro cells) in an energy efficient way. In our example scenario, the dynamic control of a heterogeneous UMTS RAN can lead to energy savings of up to 7.5% compared to a static macro cell operation.