gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of XUV Spectra by Powerful Picosecond Laser (1988)

Abstract The development of laser action at wavelengths shorter than those of current X-ray lasers is being investigated along two fronts. In the first case, we are exploring the possibilities for laser action at 15.4 nm in Li-like AIXI and 12.9 nm in Li-like SiXII in a magnetically confined recombining plasma. Previous work on hydrogen-like carbon, CVI, led to lasing action at 18.2 nm. Recently, this has been applied to microscopy and first results from a soft X-ray laser microscope are presented. A new technique to generate shorter wavelength X-ray lasing involves the interaction of a high power laser with a preformed plasma. The Powerful Picosecond Laser (PP-Laser) System with an output power level of 20-30 GW and focussed power density of 10 16 - 10 17 W/cm 2 has recently become operational. The spectra of highly ionized atoms in the XUV region were recorded on a high resolution grazing incidence spectrometer for the PP-Laser beam interacting with different solid targets.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Porous Polypyrrole Materials Using Polyacrylonitrile Monolith Template (2020)

高比表面積を有する多孔質導電性高分子材料は，キャパシタなどの蓄電デバイスへの応用に際して，容量性能の向上が期待されることから，エレクトロニクスの分野において注目されている．代表的な導電性高分子であるポリピロールは溶媒に不溶・不融の性質をもつため塗布や成型ができない．そこで本研究では，ポリアクリロニトリル（PAN）モノリスをピロール電解重合のテンプレート電極として利用する，多孔質ポリピロール材料の新規合成手法の開発を試みた．モノリスとは貫通した孔と骨格から構成される三次元網目構造を有する多孔体であり，高い通気性・通液性，高強度，高比表面積，軽量といった特性を示すため，これまでに分離剤や吸着剤などへの応用が検討されてきた材料である．本研究ではPANモノリスをテンプレート電極として使用するにあたって，モノリス基体表面に導電性を付与するため無電解ニッケルめっき，引き続き置換金めっきを施した．その結果，骨格表面が均一に金めっきされた導電性を有するモノリステンプレート電極の作製に成功した．またこの電極は幾何学的な表面積と比較して約15倍もの実効表面積を有することがわかった．続いて，この電極をテンプレート電極としてピロールの電解重合を行ったところ，ピロールはPANモノリス骨格表面に均一に重合され，三次元多孔質構造を有するポリピロール（PPy）の合成に成功した．さらに，作製されたPPy/Au/PANモノリスはその多孔質構造による高表面積化により容量特性が大幅に向上した．
Rocketing restoration: enabling the upscaling of ecological restoration in the Anthropocene (2018)

In the 25 years during which the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) has overseen the publication of Restoration Ecology , the field has witnessed conceptual and practical advances. These have become necessary due to the scale of environmental change wrought by the increasing global human population, and associated demands for food, fiber, energy, and water. As we look to the future, and attempt to fulfill global restoration commitments and meet sustainable development goals, there is a need to reverse land degradation and biodiversity loss through upscaling ecological restoration. Here, we argue that this upscaling requires an expanded vision for restoration that explicitly accounts for people and nature. This expansion can assess success in a future‐focused way and as improvements relative to a degraded socio‐ecological system. We suggest that upscaling requires addressing governance, legal and ethical challenges, investing in technological and educational capacity building, bolstering the practical science necessary for restoration, encouraging adoptable packages to ensure livelihoods of local stakeholders, and promoting investment opportunities for local actors and industry. Providing SER embraces this socio‐ecological vision, it is ideally placed to aid the achievement of goals and remain globally relevant. SER needs to harness and coordinate three sources of potential energy (global political commitments, the green economy, and local community engagement) to rocket restoration into the Anthropocene. With principles that can embrace flexibility and context‐dependency in minimum restoration standards, SER has the potential to guide socio‐ecological restoration and help realize the ultimate goal of a sustainable Earth.
Exploiting Wikipedia as external knowledge for document clustering (2009)

In traditional text clustering methods, documents are represented as "bags of words" without considering the semantic information of each document. For instance, if two documents use different collections of core words to represent the same topic, they may be falsely assigned to different clusters due to the lack of shared core words, although the core words they use are probably synonyms or semantically associated in other forms. The most common way to solve this problem is to enrich document representation with the background knowledge in an ontology. There are two major issues for this approach: (1) the coverage of the ontology is limited, even for WordNet or Mesh, (2) using ontology terms as replacement or additional features may cause information loss, or introduce noise. In this paper, we present a novel text clustering method to address these two issues by enriching document representation with Wikipedia concept and category information. We develop two approaches, exact match and relatedness-match, to map text documents to Wikipedia concepts, and further to Wikipedia categories. Then the text documents are clustered based on a similarity metric which combines document content information, concept information as well as category information. The experimental results using the proposed clustering framework on three datasets (20-newsgroup, TDT2, and LA Times) show that clustering performance improves significantly by enriching document representation with Wikipedia concepts and categories.
20607 Development of the Master Slave System for TUR-P (2008)

We have been developing the Master Slave System for TUR-P (TransUrethral Resection of the Prostate) to aim at a doctor's reduction of physical influence and infection prevention. This system consists of double master slave construction, one is arm system and the other is tool system. Arm system has 3 degrees of freedom and operates in a spherical orbit of variable radius. This system performs the attitude and position control of a tool system. A tool system has 2 degree of freedom and performs resection and rotation operation of a electrode scalpel. Each system contains the force sensor and reproduces the same feeling as under an operation by the force feedback control. In this paper, we describe the Design of the master tool and the Position and force feedback control in tool system.
Deep network for the integrated 3D sensing of multiple people in natural images (2018)

We present MubyNet - a feed-forward, multitask, bottom up system for the integrated localization, as well as 3d pose and shape estimation, of multiple people in monocular images. The challenge is the formal modeling of the problem that intrinsically requires discrete and continuous computation, e.g. grouping people vs. predicting 3d pose. The model identifies human body structures (joints and limbs) in images, groups them based on 2d and 3d information fused using learned scoring functions, and optimally aggregates such responses into partial or complete 3d human skeleton hypotheses under kinematic tree constraints, but without knowing in advance the number of people in the scene and their visibility relations. We design a multi-task deep neural network with differentiable stages where the person grouping problem is formulated as an integer program based on learned body part scores parameterized by both 2d and 3d information. This avoids suboptimality resulting from separate 2d and 3d reasoning, with grouping performed based on the combined representation. The final stage of 3d pose and shape prediction is based on a learned attention process where information from different human body parts is optimally integrated. State-of-the-art results are obtained in large scale datasets like Human3.6M and Panoptic, and qualitatively by reconstructing the 3d shape and pose of multiple people, under occlusion, in difficult monocular images.
Chromatic Dispersion Analysis and Compensation in a Large Core-Count Few-Mode Multi-Core Fiber Based on Optical Vector Network Analysis (2019)

Chromatic dispersion in a large core-count 3-mode fiber is analyzed, observing up to 0.75 ps/(nm km) variations between mode groups. Furthermore, digital CD compensation is shown to relax the stringent path length matching required in such systems.
microRNAs in uterine sarcomas and mixed epithelial–mesenchymal uterine tumors: a preliminary report (2013)

Uterine sarcomas and mixed epithelial–mesenchymal uterine tumors are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors for which there are very few diagnostic markers available. As aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns represent putative diagnostic cancer markers, we aimed to identify miRNA expression profiles of the major uterine sarcoma subtypes and mixed epithelial–mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. Eighty-eight miRNAs were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR in cancerous and non-cancerous tissue samples collected from 29 patients with endometrial sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and mixed epithelial–mesenchymal tumors. Tumor and control samples significantly (P < 0.05) differed in the expression of miR-23b, miR-1, let-7f, and let-7c in endometrial sarcomas, and miR-1, let-7c, miR-133b, let-7b, miR-143, let-7a, let-7d, let-7e, let-7g, miR-222, let-7i, and miR-214 in mixed epithelial–mesenchymal tumors. All the significantly changed miRNAs were down-regulated in the malignant tissues as compared to their normal counterparts. This may suggest their tumor suppressor role in these malignancies. No statistically significant changes in miRNA expression levels were found between leiomyosarcoma tumors and controls. The identified miRNAs warrant further studies as valuable candidate markers for the differential diagnosis of uterine sarcomas from benign uterine lesions and between uterine sarcoma subtypes.
A Digital Phase-Locked Loop With Calibrated Coarse and Stochastic Fine TDC (2013)

A coarse-fine time-to-digital converter (TDC) is presented with a calibrated coarse stage followed by a stochastic fine stage. On power-up, a calibration algorithm based on a code density test is used to minimize nonlinearities in the coarse TDC. By using a balanced mean method, the number of registers required for the calibration algorithm is reduced by 30%. Based upon the coarse TDC output, the appropriate clock signals are multiplexed into the stochastic fine TDC. The TDC is incorporated into a 1.99-2.5-GHz digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) in 0.13-μm CMOS. The DPLL consumes a total of 15.2 mW of which 4.4 mW are consumed in the TDC. Measurements show an in-band phase noise of -107 dBc/Hz which is equivalent to 4-ps TDC resolution, approximately an order of magnitude better than an inverter delay in this process technology. The integrated random jitter is 213 fs rms for a 2-GHz output carrier frequency with 700-kHz loop bandwidth. The calibration reduces worst-case spurs by 16 dB.
MR Imaging and CT of the Biliary Tract (2009)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) can be useful in the diagnosis of biliary disease, with both modalities allowing detailed evaluation of the biliary tract. Careful interrogation of the images is critical, regardless of modality. The identification of dilated bile ducts necessitates evaluation for strictures or filling defects, which is best performed with thin-section imaging. Smooth, concentric short-segment strictures favor a benign cause, whereas abrupt, eccentric long-segment strictures favor a malignancy. At MR imaging, extrabiliary entities such as crossing vessels or metallic clip artifact may mimic strictures and should not be mistaken for disease. A stone is the most common biliary filling defect and may occur in the absence of dilated ducts. Stones commonly have a lamellated, geometric shape and are found in a dependent portion of the duct. Identification of bile duct wall thickening raises concern for cholangitis or malignancy. Improved diagnosis of biliary disease can be achieved with a knowledge of the benefits and limitations of modern MR and CT cholangiographic techniques, including the use of biliary-excreted contrast material and of various postprocessing techniques. Familiarity with the radiologic appearances of the duct lumen, wall, and surrounding structures is also important for accurate image interpretation. The rapidly evolving technology for both MR imaging and CT of the biliary tract will continue to present radiologists with opportunities as well as challenges.
Lactobacillus plantarum S27 from chicken faeces as a potential probiotic to replace antibiotics: in vivo evidence (2020)

This study reports the probiotic attributes of <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains isolated from chicken faeces and mainly their capabilities to prevent infectious diseases and improve chicken production performance. Thus, 22 <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains were isolated from 50 chickens' faeces samples and assessed for their resistance to gastric acidity (pH 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5), tolerance to bile salts, adherence to broiler intestinal cells and antibacterial activity. These <i>in vitro</i> screening analyses revealed <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> S22 and <i>L. plantarum</i> S27 as the only strains capable to survive at pH 2.0 in MRS broth (log<sub>10</sub> cfu/ml=5.02 and 8.46 log respectively), while the remaining strains were not resistant to pH≤2.0. Similarly, 21 strains were resistant to bile at 0.5% (log<sub>10</sub> cfu/ml=0.09-3.32 log), but only <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> S26, <i>L. plantarum</i> S22 and <i>L. plantarum</i> S27 were able to grow in the presence of 0.1% (w/v) bile (8.23±0.15; 8.39±0.17 and 8.57±0.07 respectively). Most of these isolates (19/22) were active against <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 25922, <i>E. coli</i> SL2016 and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> CIP 81-3. Lactic acid is likely the main antibacterial compound produced since the neutralised supernatant was devoid of any antibacterial activity<i>. In vitro</i> characterisation of these 22 novel strains, based on the aforementioned criteria revealed <i>L. plantarum</i> S27 as the most suitable strain for <i>in vivo</i> analyses. To this end, this strain was assessed for its sensitivity to different antibiotics and adhesion to poultry intestinal cells to ascertain it probiotic attributes. The administration of <i>L. plantarum</i> S27 to the chicks at 10<sup>9</sup> cfu/ml permitted to improve the animal food intake and weight. Taken together, data from <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> analyses indicated that <i>L. plantarum</i> S27 might be a worthy probiotic for chickens rather than adding antibiotics to animals feeding.
A Successful Student Initiated Assessment Method For An Environmental Engineering Graduate Program (2020)

Obstacles in assessing academic conditions can include generating interest in assessment efforts in order to achieve high response rates, transcending communication barriers, preserving confidentiality, minimizing biases from numerous sources, and conducting meaningful statistical analyses. A graduate environmental engineering program needed to overcome these obstacles to create a valid assessment tool. Previous program surveys did not amply address specific student concerns. Those surveys had poorly designed questions and answer formats. Survey distribution had relied on students to retrieve and return surveys themselves. Data analysis had consisted of only computing mean values and compiling comments. Results of the surveys had suffered from low response rates, biases, and demographic underrepresentation.
The Fovea-Protective Impact of Double-Layer Sign in Eyes With Foveal-Sparing Geographic Atrophy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2022)

The DLS (-) group showed significantly faster centripetal GA progression than the DLS (+) group. Our data suggest that the presence of DLS in the spared foveal area could be a protective factor against foveal progression of GA in eyes with AMD.
Unique Risks, Benefits, and Challenges of Developing Drug-Drug Combination Products in a Pharmaceutical Industrial Setting (2012)

Treatment with a single drug targeting a specific receptor is no longer considered optimal in the treatment and management of complex diseases such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Potential health benefits may arise from the use of affordable, multiple-target, fixedratio drug combinations, which concomitantly reduce multiple risk factors without increasing the risk of adverse effects. Main goals for development of fixed-dose drug combinations may largely be based on the following concepts: treatment of two closely related diseases (e.g., hyperlipidemia and hypertension), patients insufficiently controlled by optimally dosed individual monotherapies, and substitution of fixed-dose combination versus free combination. Success in creating and developing the bestin- class commercial combination products requires a multifaceted approach including the following: 1) treatment paradigms in therapeutic area; 2) patient compliance and impact of personalized medicine; 3) shifts in market and cost drivers; 4) preclinical and pharmaceutical development and manufacturing; 5) competitive intellectual property landscape; and 6) clinical development and regulatory filing strategy. Assessment of risks and probability of success of specific drug combinations and drug delivery technologies are needed in order to arrive at the proper recommendation and risk mitigation plans. Personalization of combination therapy is rationalized on the theoretical premise of division of clinical responders from partial or nonresponders to drugs in diseases for which known biomarkers exists. Combination drug therapies with individualized optimization are likely to become a major future focus. A comprehensive review of industrial practice and literature is presented with the goal of developing a best practices roadmap in the feasibility assessment of drug combination therapies.
ARTHRICOCEPHALITES(TRILOBITE)FROM THE CAMBRIAN AND ITS STRATIGRAPHIC SIGNIFICANCE (2016)

Arthricocephalites of the Balang Formation located in western Hunan to eastern Guizhou areas was abundant It was previously recognized as Arthricocephalus, A.(Arthricocephalites).Previous documentations revealed a high diversity of species-level for this taxon, therefore,taxonomy of its species-level still remains controversial,which contributes to the confused and instability of the relative biostratigraphic framework for the Balang Formation.Recently,global Cambrian re-division is going on all continents, trilobite assemblage and biostratigraphy from the Balang Formation located in Cambrian Series 2stage 4,are recognized as particularly important in global correlation of stratigraphy. Based on observations and identifying of a great number of Arthricocephalites specimens,including a series of ontogenetic samples,we recognized A.(Arthricocephalites)to be obviously different from Arthricocephalus and the former should be redescribed as Arthricocephalites and its taxonomy of specieslevels is not as high diversity as previously recognized. Here only two species of Arthricocephalites are valid, they are Arthricocephalites xinzhaiheensis Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974 and Ar.intermedius Zhou in Lu et al.,1974.The two species are common in the Balang Formation. Ar.intermedius(= Ar.jishouensis)also occurs in the lower part of the Henson Glatsche Formation in Greenland,showing a wide geographic distribution,which is an important taxon for global correlation of Cambrian Stage 4.
Spontaneous vs. posed facial behavior (2006)

Past research on automatic facial expression analysis has focused mostly on the recognition of prototypic expressions of discrete emotions rather than on the analysis of dynamic changes over time, although the importance of temporal dynamics of facial expressions for interpretation of the observed facial behavior has been acknowledged for over 20 years. For instance, it has been shown that the temporal dynamics of spontaneous and volitional smiles are fundamentally different from each other. In this work, we argue that the same holds for the temporal dynamics of brow actions and show that velocity, duration, and order of occurrence of brow actions are highly relevant parameters for distinguishing posed from spontaneous brow actions. The proposed system for discrimination between volitional and spontaneous brow actions is based on automatic detection of Action Units (AUs) and their temporal segments (onset, apex, offset) produced by movements of the eyebrows. For each temporal segment of an activated AU, we compute a number of mid-level feature parameters including the maximal intensity, duration, and order of occurrence. We use Gentle Boost to select the most important of these parameters. The selected parameters are used further to train Relevance Vector Machines to determine per temporal segment of an activated AU whether the action was displayed spontaneously or volitionally. Finally, a probabilistic decision function determines the class (spontaneous or posed) for the entire brow action. When tested on 189 samples taken from three different sets of spontaneous and volitional facial data, we attain a 90.7% correct recognition rate.
GNSS Interference Source Localization Using ADS-B Data (2022)

Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) reports from aircraft have been examined by several groups for their capabilities to identify regions affected by radio frequency interference (RFI) [1] [2] [3]. RFI events that happen near airports could cause denial of GNSS based landings for aircraft and create a severe impact on the safety of aircraft operation during some vulnerable segments. Therefore, it is important to rapidly localize any GNSS interference sources and identify the geographical impact area. Using already existing aircraft reports of position from ADS-B is a highly desirable approach that could rapidly and inexpensively be implemented nationwide or even globally. This project has two main objectives. First, we developed a method of interference source localization which is applicable for different types of interference source using ADS-B data. Specifically, the mathematical model was designed without prior knowledge on the power level of RFI sources, making this factor as parameter to identify. Although this approach increases complexity, it allows our models to be more flexible and general. Second, we built an interference event simulator which generates ADS-B data from simulated aircraft flight tracks that may be affected by simulated RFI events. By building this simulator, we can then test our models for different scenarios including multiple jammers. Identifying and obtaining real-world ADS-B data from these types of events is difficult. Therefore, we rely on simulated data to better test our models for these special cases. To make the simulated data reasonable, our simulator also adds noise and includes erroneous outputs that we have observed during the investigation of real-world interference events.