gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabricating low cost and high performance elastomer lenses using hanging droplets (2014)

Existing methods for low cost lenses using parallel mold stamping and high temperature reflow requires complex engineering controls to produce high quality lenses. These manufacturing techniques rely on expensive equipment. In this paper, we propose a low cost (< $ 0.01 per pc) flexible moldless lens fabrication method based on curing a hanging transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer droplet on a curved substrate. Additional deposition of hanging droplets in the same manner led to a substantial increase in the lens curvature and concomitant decrease in the focal length of the PDMS lenses down to ~2 mm. The shortest focal length lenses were shown to collimate light from a bare light emitting diode (LED) and image microscopic structures down to around 4 µm with 160x magnification. Our hanging droplet lens fabrication technique heralds a new paradigm in the manufacture of low cost, high performance optical lenses for the masses. Using these lenses, we were able to transform an ordinary commercial smartphone camera into a low-cost digital dermascope (60x magnification) that can readily visualize microscopic structures on skin such as sweat pores.
No Insurance, No Admission (1985)

An internist affiliated with a small rural hospital relates two\nincidents in which attempts to transfer critically injured patients to a\nprivate, tertiary care facility were frustrated by the latter's unwillingness\nto accept uninsured referrals, or those whose insurance status was unknown. \nThe first patient, who was later discovered to be insured, was reluctantly\naccepted for transfer, while the second, uninsured patient was refused\ntransfer but eventually was accepted elsewhere. Wrenn, who trained at the\nrefusing hospital, expresses his concern that economic matters have begun to\ntake precedence over matters of humanity in patient care, and asks physicians\nto reconsider why they practice medicine. (KIE abstract)
On-board monitoring of hazardous exhaust emissions in passenger cars (category M1) (2006)

A fibre-optic sensor for the monitoring of hazardous exhaust gases based on absorption in the ultra-violet region is described. The loss of light through a gas cell across the UV/VIS spectrum was utilised to determine the level of absorption for three of the exhaust gases present in an exhaust. The measured absorption specific to each of these test gases Nitrogen Dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), Sulphur Dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) and Nitric Oxide (NO) was used in a variation of the Beer-Lambert law to determine the absorption line intensities for each of the gases. Theoretical absorption line intensities for each of the exhaust gases compared favorably with our measured results. A LabVIEW program was created and utilised to interrogate the highest absorbing wavelength for each of the gases and absorption recorded at these specific absorbing wavelength were then input along with our measured absorption line intensities into the Beer-Lambert law to determine the concentrations of each of the gases present in the test cell. In this manner the concentrations were calculated immediately and then output to the user eliminating the need for processing the data after testing. A lower detection level of 1ppm for both NO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> and in the order of 26ppm for NO was achieved.
A Cystine‐Rich Whey Supplement (Immunocal®) Provides Neuroprotection from Diverse Oxidative Stress‐Inducing Agents In Vitro by Preserving Cellular Glutathione (2017)

Oxidative stress is a principal mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. Therefore, nutritional enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defenses may represent a viable treatment option. We investigated the neuroprotective properties of a unique whey protein supplement (Immunocal®) that provides an essential precursor (cystine) for synthesis of the endogenous antioxidant, glutathione (GSH). Primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), NSC34 motor neuronal cells, or HT22 hippocampal cells were preincubated in medium containing Immunocal and then subsequently treated with agents known to induce oxidative stress. Immunocal protected CGNs against neurotoxicity induced by the Bcl-2 inhibitor, HA14-1, the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside, CuCl<sub>2</sub>, and AlCl<sub>3</sub>. Immunocal also significantly reduced NSC34 cell death due to either H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> or glutamate and mitigated toxicity in HT22 cells overexpressing <i>β</i>-amyloid<sub>1-42</sub>. The neuroprotective effects of Immunocal were blocked by inhibition of <i>γ</i>-glutamyl-cysteine ligase, demonstrating dependence on de novo GSH synthesis. These findings indicate that sustaining GSH with Immunocal significantly protects neurons against diverse inducers of oxidative stress. Thus, Immunocal is a nutritional supplement worthy of testing in preclinical animal models of neurodegeneration and in future clinical trials of patients afflicted by these diseases.
EFFECTS OF CORTISONE AND ACTH IN MUMPS MENINGO-ENCEPHALITIS (1958)

ExcerptIt has long been recognized that central nervous system involvement, most frequently aseptic meningitis or meningo-encephalitis, may occur during mumps infection.1, 2, 3, 4The involvement may be so mild that its presence is manifested only by abnormal findings in the spinal fluid, or it may be quite violent. The meningitis has been generally regarded as benign; however, fatalities and incapacitating sequelae have been attributed to the encephalitic component, which is quite similar to that which occasionally complicates varicella, rubeola and rubella.5Because no specific treatment has been available, various palliative and supportive measures have been employed. They have not...
Penetration of the nervous systems of suckling mice by mammalian reoviruses (1991)

Penetration of the nervous systems of suckling mice by prototype strains of the three mammalian reovirus serotypes was studied after footpad inoculation of a dose (10(7) PFU) representing 3.5 x 10(3) 50% lethal doses (LD50) for reovirus type 3 Dearing and less than 1 LD50 for reoviruses type 1 Lang and type 2 Jones. Type 3 Dearing entered both motor and sensory neurons; infected neurons were clearly detectable by immunohistochemical staining 19 h after inoculation. By day 2, a second cycle of infection had occurred, and by day 4, several hundred motor and sensory neurons and interneurons were infected. By this time, infection also involved large areas of the brain stem and brain. There was evidence of both retrograde and anterograde movement of viral antigen within axons and dendrites. Unexpectedly, reovirus type 1 Lang followed neuronal pathways as well as being disseminated in the bloodstream. Reovirus type 2 Jones also entered neurons. While the number of motor neurons and interneurons infected with type 1 Lang or type 2 Jones remained limited within the first 4 days after inoculation, infection of sensory neurons increased with time and reached a level by day 4 comparable to that observed after infection with type 3 Dearing. Viral antigen was also found in the brain stem and brain, but this infection was limited. These three strains multiplied in nonneuronal tissues. Connective tissue in the footpad was massively infected by all three strains 19 h after inoculation. By this time, foci of infection were also present in muscle and skin. Viral antigen was repeatedly observed in the endothelium of blood vessels and in the meninges after infection with type 1 Lang. The titer of type 1 Lang increased in the blood with time, which was not observed after infection with strains of the other two serotypes. In this study, we found that prototype strains of the three reovirus serotypes exhibited different degrees of neurotropism, all being capable of entering neurons. Transmission of the infection occurred through synapses rather than from cell body to cell body. Thus reovirus, like herpesvirus and rabies virus, is a good marker for the identification of neuronal pathways, although its capacity to grow in neurons, unlike that of herpesvirus and rabies virus, is restricted to newborn animals.
Pulse Radiolysis of Alkali Metal Solutions in Ethylamine (1973)

Pulse radiolysis of solutions of alkali metal ethylamides in ethylamine shows the formation of three distinct species; the solvated electron e s −, the alkali metal anion M − , and a species considered to be the cation–electron pair with stoichiometry M. The three species coexist in equilibrium in accord with the equations[Formula: see text]Studies of these solutions as a function of temperature, alkali metal concentration, and added complexing agents ("crown" compounds) show that e s − and M have distinct absorption spectra with the former having a maximum ≥ 1800 nm. The latter exhibit maxima at 1400 nm for Na and K, ~1400 nm for Cs, and 1600–1700 nm for Li. The corresponding M − species were observed in sodium, potassium, and cesium solutions with absorption maxima at 680, 890, and 1100 nm, respectively.Rate and equilibrium constants for the formation of M and M − vary markedly with the nature of the alkali metal. Estimates for these constants along with the extinction coefficients for the various species are summarized and compared with data obtained in alkali metal solutions.
Hypophysiotropic Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons of the Rat Contain Vesicular Glutamate Transporter-2 (2004)

TRH and CRH are secreted into the hypophysial portal circulation by hypophysiotropic neurons located in parvicellular subdivisions of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH). Recently these anatomical compartments of the PVH have been shown to contain large numbers of glutamatergic neurons expressing type 2 vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT2). In this report we presented dual-label in situ hybridization evidence that the majority (>90%) of TRH and CRH neurons in the PVH of the adult male rat express the mRNA encoding VGLUT2. Dual-label immunofluorescent studies followed by confocal laser microscopic analysis of the median eminence also demonstrated the occurrence of VGLUT2 immunoreactivity within TRH and CRH axon varicosities, suggesting terminal glutamate release from these neuroendocrine systems. These data together indicate that the hypophysiotropic TRH and CRH neurons possess glutamatergic characteristics. Future studies will need to address the physiological significance of the endogenous glutamate content in these neurosecretory systems in the neuroendocrine regulation of thyroid and adrenal functions.
PATTERNS OF TOBACCO SMOKING IN AUSTRALIA (1975)

A large representative sample of Australians aged 14 years or more was interviewed about smoking. Forty-one per cent of the males and 29% of the females aged 16 years and over currently smoked cigarettes. Smoking rates for both sexes were highest in the 20 to 24 years age group. People in metropolitan areas smoked more than those in rural areas. There was a clear excess of smoking among British immigrants. Higher socioeconomic level was associated with lower smoking rates, with higher ex-smoking rates and with more frequent choice of low-tar brands. Low-tar cigarettes were used more where health education had emphasized the importance of tar content. Choice of brands among young smokers appeared related to the advertising strategies employed by cigarette companies. The majority of ex-smokers over 60 years of age had given up more than five years previously. Although comparison with earlier surveys of smoking habits is difficult, the results suggested a decrease in cigarette smoking among males and a slight increase among females.
Random stream cipher as a PUF-like identity in FPGA environment (2017)

Digital Secret Unknown Cipher (SUC) has been proposed in the last decade targeting to counteract the drawbacks of the traditional analog Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF). The SUCs, as pure-digital units, exhibit consistent operation during the whole digital unit's lifetime. This makes SUCs as PUF alternatives attractive for practical creation of clone-resistant units for a broad spectrum of applications especially in automotive and other mass-product cases. In this paper, we propose a novel SUC creation scenario as a random stream cipher to be embedded in Microsemi SmartFusion®2 System on Chip (SoC) FPGAs. The resulting cipher as a Key Stream Generators (KSG) is T-functions-based creating individual and randomized secret-key-streams which are individual for each unit. The proposed SUC-based Random Stream Cipher (RSC-SUC) is a lightweight SUC realization optimized for the SmartFusion®2 SoC FPGA technology. The security analysis and hardware complexity issues of the resulting RSC-SUC structures are also discussed and evaluated.
Prediction of responders for outcome measures of Locomotor Experience Applied Post Stroke trial (2014)

The Locomotor Experience Applied Post Stroke rehabilitation trial found equivalent walking outcomes for body weight-supported treadmill plus overground walking practice versus home-based exercise that did not emphasize walking. From this large database, we examined several clinically important questions that provide insights into recovery of walking that may affect future trial designs. Using logistic regression analyses, we examined predictors of response based on a variety of walking speed-related outcomes and measures that captured disability, physical impairment, and quality of life. The most robust predictor was being closer at baseline to the primary outcome measure, which was the functional walking speed thresholds of 0.4 m/s (household walking) and 0.8 m/s (community walking). Regardless of baseline walking speed, a younger age and higher Berg Balance Scale score were relative predictors of responding, whether operationally defined by transitioning beyond each speed boundary or by a continuous change or a greater than median increase in walking speed. Of note, the cutoff values of 0.4 and 0.8 m/s had no particular significance compared with other walking speed changes despite their general use as descriptors of functional levels of walking. No evidence was found for any difference in predictors based on treatment group.
c-Abl Phosphorylates Hdmx and Regulates Its Interaction with p53 (2008)

Upon exposure to DNA damage the p53 tumor suppressor is accumulated and activated to stall cellular growth. For this to occur, p53 must be relieved from its major inhibitors, Mdm2 (Hdm2 in humans) and Mdmx (Mdm4; Hdmx in humans). A key mechanism controlling this relief is the post-translational modifications of p53 and its inhibitors. We have previously demonstrated that the stress-activated tyrosine kinase, c-Abl, contributes to the relief of p53 from Hdm2. Because Hdmx is the major inhibitor of p53 activity, the additional possibility that c-Abl protects p53 through targeting Hdmx was explored in this study. c-Abl was found to interact with and to phosphorylate Hdmx. This phosphorylation was enhanced in response to DNA damage. Importantly, we mapped the sites of phosphorylation to the p53 binding domain of Hdmx. One of these phosphorylations, on tyrosine 99, inhibited Hdmx interaction with p53. This inhibition is consistent with the predicted role of this residue in the interaction with p53 based on the crystal structure of the interaction site. Our results show that c-Abl not only targets Hdm2, but also Hdmx, which together contribute to p53 activation in response to DNA damage.
Enhanced transmission versus localization of a light pulse by a subwavelength metal slit (2004)

The existence of resonant enhanced transmission and the collimation of light waves by subwavelength slits in metal films [for example, see Ebbesen et al., Nature (London) 391, 667 (1998) and Lezec et al., Science 297, 820 (2002)] leads to the basic question: Can a light pulse be enhanced and simultaneously localized in space and time by a subwavelength slit? To address this question, the spatial distribution of the energy flux of an ultrashort (femtosecond) wave packet diffracted by a subwavelength (nanometer-size) slit was analyzed by using the conventional approach based on the Neerhoff and Mur solution of Maxwell's equations. The results show that a light pulse can be enhanced by orders of magnitude and simultaneously localized in the near-field diffraction zone at the nm and fs scales. Possible applications in nanophotonics are discussed.
Optimal lost-link policies for unmanned aircraft (2015)

Lost-link strategy in a wildfire scenario
Whipple's Endocarditis: Review of the Literature and Comparisons with Q Fever,BartonellaInfection, and Blood Culture–Positive Endocarditis (2001)

Whipple's disease is a systemic infection sometimes associated with cardiac manifestations. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of reported cases of Whipple's endocarditis. The purpose of our study was to describe this entity. Data from 35 well-described cases of Whipple's endocarditis were collected and compared with those of blood culture-positive endocarditis, Q fever endocarditis, and Bartonella endocarditis. Some patients with generalized Whipple's disease presented with cardiac involvement, among other symptoms. Others presented with a nonspecific, blood culture-negative endocarditis with no associated symptoms. In comparison with cases of endocarditis due to other causes, congestive heart failure, fever, and previous valvular disease were less frequently observed in the cases of Whipple's endocarditis. Without examination of the excised valves, the diagnosis of infective endocarditis could not have been confirmed in most cases. Treatment is not well established. Whipple's endocarditis is a specific entity involving minor inflammatory reactions and negative blood cultures, and its incidence is probably underestimated.
Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care expert consensus statement on the use of lung ultrasound in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (ITACO) (2021)

The Lung Ultrasound Working Group of the Italian Society of Analgesia, Anesthesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care produced 20 consensus statements on the use of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. This expert consensus strongly suggests integrating lung ultrasound findings in the clinical management of critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Hydrogen bonding in two ammonium salts of 5-sulfosalicylic acid: ammonium 3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate monohydrate and triammonium 3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate 3-carboxylato-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate (2013)

The structures of two ammonium salts of 3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid (5-sulfosalicylic acid, 5-SSA) have been determined at 200 K. In the 1:1 hydrated salt, ammonium 3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate monohydrate, NH4(+)·C7H5O6S(-)·H2O, (I), the 5-SSA(-) monoanions give two types of head-to-tail laterally linked cyclic hydrogen-bonding associations, both with graph-set R4(4)(20). The first involves both carboxylic acid O-H···O(water) and water O-H···O(sulfonate) hydrogen bonds at one end, and ammonium N-H···O(sulfonate) and N-H···O(carboxy) hydrogen bonds at the other. The second association is centrosymmetric, with end linkages through water O-H···O(sulfonate) hydrogen bonds. These conjoined units form stacks down c and are extended into a three-dimensional framework structure through N-H···O and water O-H···O hydrogen bonds to sulfonate O-atom acceptors. Anhydrous triammonium 3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate 3-carboxylato-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate, 3NH4(+)·C7H4O6S(2-)·C7H5O6S(-), (II), is unusual, having both dianionic 5-SSA(2-) and monoanionic 5-SSA(-) species. These are linked by a carboxylic acid O-H···O hydrogen bond and, together with the three ammonium cations (two on general sites and the third comprising two independent half-cations lying on crystallographic twofold rotation axes), give a pseudo-centrosymmetric asymmetric unit. Cation-anion hydrogen bonding within this layered unit involves a cyclic R3(3)(8) association which, together with extensive peripheral N-H···O hydrogen bonding involving both sulfonate and carboxy/carboxylate acceptors, gives a three-dimensional framework structure. This work further demonstrates the utility of the 5-SSA(-) monoanion for the generation of stable hydrogen-bonded crystalline materials, and provides the structure of a dianionic 5-SSA(2-) species of which there are only a few examples in the crystallographic literature.
Advanced Multi-Product Coal Utilization By-Product Processing Plant (2007)

The objective of the project is to build a multi-product ash beneficiation plant at Kentucky Utilities 2,200-MW Ghent Generating Station, located in Carroll County, Kentucky. Phase 1 was completed successfully, but the project did not continue on to Phase 2 due to withdrawal of CEMEX from the project. Attempts at replacing CEMEX were not successful. Problematic to the continuation of the project was its location in the Ohio Valley which is oversupplied and has low prices for fly ash and the change in CEMEX priorities due to merger and acquisitions. Thus, CAER concurred with the DOE to conclude the project at the end of Budget Period 1, March 31, 2007.
BAG1 plays a critical role in regulating recovery from both manic-like and depression-like behavioral impairments (2008)

Recent microarray studies with stringent validating criteria identified Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG1) as a target for the actions of medications that are mainstays in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BPD). BAG1 is a Hsp70/Hsc70-regulating cochaperone that also interacts with glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and attenuates their nuclear trafficking and function. Notably, glucocorticoids are one of the few agents capable of triggering both depressive and manic episodes in patients with BPD. As a nexus for the actions of glucocorticoids and bipolar medications, we hypothesized that the level of BAG1 expression would play a pivotal role in regulating affective-like behaviors. This hypothesis was investigated in neuron-selective BAG1 transgenic (TG) mice and BAG1 heterozygous knockout (+/-) mice. On mania-related tests, BAG1 TG mice recovered much faster than wild-type (WT) mice in the amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion test and displayed a clear resistance to cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. In contrast, BAG1+/- mice displayed an enhanced response to cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. The BAG1 TG mice showed less anxious-like behavior on the elevated plus maze test and had higher spontaneous recovery rates from helplessness behavior compared with WT mice. In contrast, fewer BAG1+/- mice recovered from helplessness behavior compared with their WT controls. BAG1 TG mice also exhibited specific alterations of hippocampal proteins known to regulate GR function, including Hsp70 and FKBP51. These data suggest that BAG1 plays a key role in affective resilience and in regulating recovery from both manic-like and depression-like behavioral impairments.