gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Solar Tower Jülich – First Operational Experiences and Test Results (2010)

Since March 2009 the Solar Tower Jülich is in solar operation. During the last 18 month various operation&#13;\nexperiences in different operation modes (gas fired, hybrid &amp; solar only) could be gained. The performance&#13;\nof the main components and of the whole solar power plant were tested.&#13;\nThe operation and control of the solar power plant is well performing. All the main components with the&#13;\nexception of the heliostat field are performing as expected or better. In particular the interaction between the&#13;\nmain components, the hot- and warm-air-systems and the water-steam-cycle is well functioning.&#13;\nThe functionality of the solar power plant concept with an open volumetric receiver could be demonstrated.&#13;\nThe necessary technical expertise for the further development of the technology could be gained and the next&#13;\nplant generation for a location in north Africa is currently under design.
Comparative Anatomy of the Baboon and the Human Cervical Spine (1995)

The geometry and anatomy of the baboon cervical spine closely resemble that of the human cervical spine. It therefore provides an excellent model for in vivo and in vitro research.
The central role of the c-Met pathway in rebuilding the liver (2012)

In spite of the enormous regenerative capacity of the liver, most dramatically described in the allegory of Prometheus, the effectiveness of cellular treatment for end-stage liver diseases is still limited, with orthotopic liver transplantation being currently the treatment of choice. Nevertheless, long-term success of hepatocyte transplantation for metabolic liver diseases in children has been realised.1–3 In the light of the severe shortage of available donor organs, the application of hepatocyte transplantation for end-stage liver diseases remains an attractive therapeutic option. However, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms preventing the effective use of cellular treatment for end-stage liver diseases need to be better understood in order to improve translation of this technique into clinical use.

The work by Kaldenbach et al 4 in the current issue of Gut begins to address these issues by investigating the relevance of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signalling in vivo for hepatocyte repopulation after transplantation. The authors employed an experimental system that made use of c-Met (loxP/loxP) and hepatocyte-specific conditional c-Met knockout (c-Met−/−) mice as donors and/or recipients for hepatocyte transplantation. Two major findings emerged: (1) c-Met−/− cells did not repopulate the recipient livers after transplantation indicating that c-Met signalling in donor …
Mutations and polymorphisms in the human ornithine transcarbamylase gene (1993)

Deletions of variable size involving one or more exons, 29 different missense, nonsense, or frameshift mutations, and three polymorphisms have been found in patients with ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency. Most of the deletions and mutations were found in patients with severe disease manifested clinically as acute neonatal hyperammonemia. A small number of mutations or somatic mosaicism for deletions were found in males with “late onset” disease and in heterozygous females who were symptomatic. Approximately 10–15% of all molecular alterations associated with OTC defi ciency are large deletions involving all or part of the OTC gene with or without contiguous genes on the short arm of the X chromosome. Approximately 10% of all point mutations involve the CpG dinucleotide of codon 141 with a CGA→CAA transition producing a deleterious Arg→Gln substitu tion in position 109 of the mature enzyme and causing the elimination of a TaqI recognition site. The majority of the remaining mutations in the OTC gene are unique to the affected family and are usually not found in unrelated patients. To date, two mutations have been described in the sequence of the “leader” peptide, 23 mutations have been found in the coding sequence of the “mature” enzyme, and four mutations have been discovered in splicing recognition sites. Approximately 20 single base polymorphisms have been postulated to exist by comparing two reported OTC gene sequences; six of these substitutions cause amino acid changes of which three have been confirmed in patients. Of the known point mutations, 27 are single base substitutions: 17 missense, 6 nonsense, 4 splice site, and the remaining 2 are single base deletions. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Understanding and Enhancing the Re-training Transition Process (2008)

This paper examines re-training transition processes as a basis for understanding adult learning and career change. The paper distinguishes between frame breaking and incremental change, describes learning methods associated with these levels of change, outlines phases of the transition process, and considers the relationships between degrees of change and likely coping styles during the transition phases. Variables reflecting career motivation and situational support are predicted to affect the transition process under different degrees of change. The concepts discussed here can be used as a basis for diagnosing situational conditions and individual characteristics to design more effective learning methods in organizations.
CMOS VLSI Design : A Circuits and Systems Perspective (2004)

For both introductory and advanced courses in VLSI design, this authoritative, comprehensive textbook is highly accessible to beginners, yet offers unparalleled breadth and depth for more experienced readers. The Fourth Edition of CMOS VLSI Design: A Circuits and Systems perspective presents broad and in-depth coverage of the entire field of modern CMOS VLSI Design. The authors draw upon extensive industry and classroom experience to introduce todays most advanced and effective chip design practices. They present extensively updated coverage of every key element of VLSI design, and illuminate the latest design challenges with 65 nm process examples. This book contains unsurpassed circuit-level coverage, as well as a rich set of problems and worked examples that provide deep practical insight to readers at all levels.
Ultrasound computer tomography for breast cancer diagnosis (2004)

Purpose: Ultrasound is the most available and most frequently used diagnostic imaging modality. In breast cancer diagnosis, ultrasound examination provides useful additional diagnostic information. Moreover ultrasound does not harm biological tissue and can be applied frequently. But conventional ultrasound imaging methods lack both high spatial and temporal resolution. The contrast and the resolution depend highly on the frequency used, as well as on the distance between the transducer array and the region of interest within the breast. Usually, the scanner is operated manually and the tissue is deformed while getting as close as possible to the region of interest. Therefore, image content and quality depend strongly on the operator. Exact measurement of tissue structures, like tumor size, is not possible. The intention of the development of ultrasound computer tomography is to increase the reliability of ultrasound imaging and to supply standardized images similar to other imaging modalities like computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). At Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, we are developing an ultrasound computer tomography system for breast imaging.
Spatial structural characteristics of forests dominated by Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. (2018)

The Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) is an ecologically and economically important evergreen coniferous tree which dominates warm temperate forests throughout northern China. We established two permanent plots within the Chinese pine forest in the Jiulong Mountains, Beijing, China. To understand the structural characteristics and dynamics of these plots, we analyzed the spatial structural characteristics within nearest-neighbor relationships using the bivariate distributions of the stand spatial structural parameters: uniform angle index, W; mingling index, M; dominance index, U; and crowding index, C. Results revealed that most trees in the forest were randomly distributed. The predominant individuals and randomly arranged trees were in very dense areas and surrounded by the same species. In addition, both plots exhibited a uniform size differentiation pattern. The two plots differed mainly in the level of species mixture and dominance. The majority of reference trees in the pure Chinese pine forest (plot 1) exhibited poor species mingling and low dominance, whereas trees in the mixed Chinese pine forest (plot 2) were evenly distributed in each mingling class and most trees were of intermediate dominance. The study results are useful for optimizing forest management activities in the studied stands, promoting tree growth, regeneration and habitat diversity, and improving forest quality at a fine scale.
Differential RNA splicing and post-translational cleavages in the human salivary proline-rich protein gene system. (1985)

The nucleotide sequences of cDNAs coding for human salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) were determined. Clones cP1 and cP2 contain repetitive regions in which sites for the restriction enzyme HaeIII occur repeatedly; they code for the precursors of acidic PRPs. Clones cP3 to cP7 contain repetitive regions in which BstNI sites occur repeatedly; they code for precursors of basic and glycosylated PRPs. The clones cP3, cP4, and cP5 are identical except that cP4 and cP5 are missing 399 and 459 base pairs, respectively, from the repetitive region of cP3. The sequences at these deletion end points are homologous to the consensus sequences of RNA splicing donor and acceptor sites. This strongly suggests that all three cDNAs are derived from the transcript of a single gene via differential RNA splicing. All of the precursor proteins share a feature--the N-terminal region, following the signal peptide, is acidic, while the remainder of the molecule, made of proline-rich repeats of about 21 amino acids, is basic. Each precursor can generate multiple PRPs by various post-translational cleavages on the carboxylic side of specific arginine residues. The data show how differential RNA splicing and post-translational cleavages could generate a large number of proteins, such as those found in saliva, from a much smaller number of genes.
Sigma-1 receptor and seizures (2023)

Over the last decade, sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R) has been recognized as a valid target for the treatment of seizure disorders and seizure-related comorbidities. Clinical trials with Sig1R ligands are underway testing therapies for the treatment of drug-resistant seizures, developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, and photosensitive epilepsy. However, the direct molecular mechanism by which Sig1R modulates seizures and the balance between excitatory and inhibitory pathways has not been fully elucidated. This review article aims to summarize existing knowledge of Sig1R and its involvement in seizures by focusing on the evidence obtained from Sig1R knockout animals and the anti-seizure effects of Sig1R ligands. In addition, this review article includes a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of existing compounds and describes the challenges and future perspectives on the use of Sig1R as a target for the treatment of seizure disorders.
Disposition and excretion of 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, the active metabolite of nabumetone in horses. (1996)

Metabolism of nabumetone to 6MNA, as reported in other species, also occurs in horses. There were a number of additional metabolites of nabumetone in urine that could not be fully identified and characterized.
Methylation status of the SOCS3 gene in human malignant melanomas (2007)

The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family inhibits not only Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) but also focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathways, and has tumor suppressor activity. Aberrant methylation in the promoter region of the SOCS3 gene frequently occurs in several types of human malignancy, and its transcriptional silencing is associated with malignant tumor behavior. In malignant melanomas, the expression and methylation status of the SOCS3 gene have not been elucidated. We therefore examined the methylation status and/or protein expression of the SOCS3 gene in 5 human malignant melanoma cell lines, 2 primary cultures of normal melanocytes, and surgically resected tumors (5 malignant melanomas and 2 melanocytic nevi). Four of the 5 melanoma cell lines and the 2 primary cultures of normal melanocytes expressed SOCS3 protein to various degrees, and only one melanoma cell line was negative. Expression of SOCS3 protein was inversely correlated with methylation status in the SOCS3 promoter region, and treatment with a demethylating agent (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine) was able to induce expression of the protein in one melanoma cell line that was SOCS3-negative and another that was weakly positive. Three of the 5 primary malignant melanomas and one of the 2 melanocytic nevi showed aberrant methylation. These results suggest that inactivation of the SOCS3 gene by hypermethylation may be involved in the promotion of malignant behavior of melanomas.
The Design of XPRS (1988)

1.1. High Performance This paper presents an overview of the techniques we are using to build a DBMS at Berkeley that will simultaneously provide high performance and high availability in transaction processing environments, in applications with complex ad-hoc queries and in applications with large objects such as images or CAD layouts. We plan to achieve these goals using a general purpose DBMS and operating system and a shared memory multiprocessor. The hardware and software tactics which we are using to accomplish these goals are described in this paper and include a novel “fast path” feature, a special purpose concurrency control scheme, a twodimensional file system, exploitation of parallelism and a novel method to efficiently mirror disks. We strive for high performance in three different application areas: 1) transaction processing 2) complex ad-hoc queries 3) management of large objects
Wrinkle formation in a polymeric drug coating deposited via initiated chemical vapor deposition (2016)

Polymer encapsulation of drugs is conventionally used as a strategy for controlled delivery and enhanced stability. In this work, a novel encapsulation approach is demonstrated, in which the organic molecule clotrimazole is enclosed into wrinkles of defined sizes. Having defined wrinkles at the drug/encapsulant interface, the contact between the encapsulating polymer and the drug can be improved. In addition, this can also allow for some control on the drug delivery as the available surface area changes with the wrinkle size. For this purpose, thin films of clotrimazole were deposited onto silica substrates and were then encapsulated by crosslinked poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). The thickness and the solid state (crystalline or amorphous) of the clotrimazole layer were varied so that the conditions under which surface wrinkles emerge can be determined. A (critical) clotrimazole thickness of 76.6 nm was found necessary to induce wrinkles, whereby the wrinkle size is directly proportional to the thickness of the amorphous clotrimazole. When the pHEMA was deposited on top of crystalline clotrimazole instead, wrinkling was absent. The wrinkling effect can be understood in terms of elastic mismatch between the relatively rigid pHEMA film and the drug layer. In the case of amorphous clotrimazole, the relatively soft drug layer causes a large mismatch resulting in a sufficient driving force for wrinkle formation. Instead, the increased elastic modulus of crystalline clotrimazole reduces the elastic mismatch between drug and polymer, so that wrinkles do not form.
Liquid Phase Epitaxy of Miscible and Immiscible GaInPAs Alloys on (100)-Oriented GaPxAs1-x (x=0, 0.2, 0.4) Substrates (1990)

A comprehensive study on miscible and immiscible GaInPAs LPE layers grown on (100)-oriented GaAs, GaP 0.2 As 0.8 and GaP 0.4 As 0.6 substrates is presented, including the studies by photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, cathodoluminescence, Auger electron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Using three types of substrates with different lattice constants, we have obtained some new insights into the miscibility gap of GaInPAs alloys. It has been demonstrated that GaInPAs LPE layers inside the miscibility gap exhibit composition modulations and show peculiarities in luminescent spectra and X-ray rocking curves, the degree of which varies with layer thickness.
Microelectromechanical Systems from Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystal Films (2018)

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have become a ubiquitous part of a multitude of industries including transportation, communication, medical, and consumer products. The majority of commercial MEMS devices are produced from silicon using energy-intensive and harsh chemical processing. We report that actuatable standard MEMS devices such as cantilever beam arrays, doubly clamped beams, residual strain testers, and mechanical strength testers can be produced via low-temperature fabrication of shear-aligned cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films. The devices had feature sizes as small as 6 μm and anisotropic mechanical properties. For 4 μm thick doubly clamped beams with the CNC aligned parallel to the devices' long axes, the Young's moduli averaged 51 GPa and the fracture strength averaged 1.1 GPa. These mechanical properties are within one-third of typical values for polysilicon devices. This new paradigm of producing MEMS devices from CNC extracted from waste biomass provides the simplicity and tunability of fluid-phase processing while enabling anisotropic mechanical properties on the order of those obtained in standard silicon MEMS.
Optical Visualization, Imaging, and Structural Analysis (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Medical Magnifying Systems Surgical Microscopes Reflection Methods for Topographic Measurements Slit Lamp Scanning-Slit Projection Devices Ophthalmoscope Fundus Camera Scanning-Laser Devices Recommended Reading Problems References
W-band phase shifter based on optimized optically controlled carbon nanotube layer (2017)

Phase shifting in a dielectric rod waveguide (DRW), loaded with carbon nanotube (CNT) layers of different thickness, was studied experimentally under light illumination in the frequency range of 75-110 GHz. The dependence of efficiency of the phase shifting, in terms of phase shift per light intensity and millimeter wave attenuation, on the optical transparency of the CNT-layer is investigated in this paper. The best result, a phase shifter of 0-15° with less than 0.1 dB additional signal loss in the W-band was achieved for a 95% transparent CNT layer at 23 mW/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> light intensity of a tungsten halogen lamp (main radiation spectrum is 550-680 nm). The overall insertion loss of the phase shifter including two DRW tapering sections serving as transitions to rectangular waveguides are 3 to 5 dB in the W-band, about 2 dB is attributed to the CNT DRW section. This comprises, for the first time, an optically-controlled CNT-based DRW phase shifter with phase shift and insertion loss levels suitable for practical applications.
Scattering of a Plane Wave from a Perfectly Conducting Sphere Buried in a Conducting Dielectric (2004)

A rigorous method has been developed to determine the scattering of a linearly polarized plane wave above a conducting ground, in which a perfect electrically conducting sphere is buried. The method is based on expressing the fields alternately as the integrals of plane waves and in terms of spherical modes in imposing the boundary conditions on the ground and on the sphere, respectively, and transforming one representation into the other as required. Using this method, an infinite linear system of equations is obtained for the back-scattered field involving the unknown scattering coefficients of the field components, which is then truncated for numerical evaluation. Truncation criteria and its impact on the accuracy of the calculated results are established via comparisons with the analytical and numerical results reported in the literature for problems that correspond to special choices of parameters in our case. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effects of some parameters such as conductivity and permittivity of the soil, radius of the sphere and of the signal frequency on the back-scattered field.
High-Aspect-Ratio Through Silicon Vias for High-Frequency Application Fabricated by Magnetic Assembly of Gold-Coated Nickel Wires (2014)

In this paper, we demonstrate a novel manufacturing technology for high-aspect-ratio vertical interconnects for high-frequency applications. This novel approach is based on magnetic self-assembly of prefabricated nickel wires that are subsequently insulated with a thermosetting polymer. The highfrequency performance of the through silicon vias (TSVs) is enhanced by depositing a gold layer on the outer surface of the nickel wires and by reducing capacitive parasitics through a low-k polymer liner. As compared with conventional TSV designs, this novel concept offers a more compact design and a simpler, potentially more cost-effective manufacturing process. Moreover, this fabrication concept is very versatile and adaptable to many different applications, such as interposer, micro electromechanical systems, or millimeter wave applications. For evaluation purposes, coplanar waveguides with incorporated TSV interconnections were fabricated and characterized. The experimental results reveal a high bandwidth from dc to 86 GHz and an insertion loss of <;0.53 dB per single TSV interconnection for frequencies up to 75 GHz.
Uridine Function in the Central Nervous System (2011)

In the adult nervous system, the major source of nucleotide synthesis is the salvage pathway. Uridine is the major form of pyrimidine nucleosides taken up by the brain. Uridine is phosphorylated to nucleotides, which are used for DNA and RNA synthesis as well as for the synthesis of membrane constituents and glycosylation. Uridine nucleotides and UDP-sugars may be released from neuronal and glial cells. Plasmamembrane receptors of 7 transmembrane domains have been identified that recognize UTP, UDP, and UDP-sugar conjugates. These receptors are called P2Y2 and P2Y4, P2Y6, and P2Y14 receptors, respectively. In addition, binding sites for uridine itself have also been suggested. Furthermore, uridine administration had sleep-promoting and anti-epileptic actions, improved memory function and affected neuronal plasticity. Information only starts to be accumulating on potential mechanisms of these uridine actions. Some data are available on the topographical distribution of pyrimidine receptors and binding sites in the brain, however, their exact role in neuronal functions is not established yet. There is also a scarcity of data regarding the brain distribution of other components of the pyrimidine metabolism although site specific functions exerted by their receptors might require different metabolic support. Despite the gaps in our knowledge on the neuronal functions of pyrimidine nucleosides, their therapeutic utilization is appealing. They have been suggested for the treatment of epileptic and neurodegenerative diseases as neuroprotective agents. In addition, the development of traditional drugs acting specifically on pyrimidine receptor subtypes is also promising as a new direction to treat neurological disorders.