gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Frequency Power Transformers With Foil Windings: Maximum Interleaving and Optimal Design (2014)

Foil conductors and primary and secondary interleaving are normally used to minimize winding losses in high-frequency (HF) transformers used for high-current power applications. However, winding interleaving complicates the transformer assembly, since taps are required to connect the winding sections, and also complicates the transformer design, since it introduces a new tradeoff between minimizing losses and reducing the construction difficulty. This paper presents a novel interleaving technique, named maximum interleaving, that makes it possible to minimize the winding losses as well as the construction difficulty. An analytical design methodology is also proposed in order to obtain free-cooled transformers with a high efficiency, low volume, and, therefore, a high power density. For the purpose of evaluating the advantages of the proposed maximum interleaving technique, the methodology is applied to design a transformer positioned in the 5 kW-50 kHz intermediate HF resonant stage of a commercial PV inverter. The proposed design achieves a transformer power density of 28 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> with an efficiency of 99.8%. Finally, a prototype of the maximum-interleaved transformer is assembled and validated satisfactorily through experimental tests.
Calcium Fortification of Cottage Cheese with Hydrocolloid Control of Bitter Flavor Defects (1991)

Several hydrocolloids masked bitter tasting Ca salts added to cottage cheese. Cottage cheese dressing was partially replaced by hydrocolloid and fortified with calcium chloride, calcium phosphate, calcium lactate, calcium carbonate, or calcium citrate and evaluated for bitterness at equal calcium levels. calcium lactate was the least bitter salt and was studied further. Solutions of gum arabic and guar) and was significantly less than that of the positive control (with added calcium and without added guar). The added guar caused a decrease in overaU preference attributable to a foreign taste in the guar extract used.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Cleavage of Oxirane with Hydrazoic Acid in DMF. A New Route to Chiral β‐Hydroxy‐a‐amino Acids. (1986)

Abstract Aus L‐Weinsäure wird das optisch aktive Epoxid (I) hergestellt und mit Stickstoffwasserstoffsäure zu (IIa) gespalten, aus dem das Amin (IIb) und sein Derivat (IIc) hergestellt werden.
Sand Settling and Locations of High Erosion in Subsea Production System (2010)

Abstract When higher than expected sand volumes were produced from Gas Field #1 after a 2nd well group was brought on line it was initially believed that the sand production came from these new wells. Several sand production and erosion studies were initiated to investigate this sand production. Sand transport studies were conducted as part of the investigation. These studies demonstrated that the sand was produced by the 1st well group, rather than the 2nd, but that the sand was not being transported through the main export lines until after the 2nd well group came online and the gas velocities through the flowlines increased. These findings were supported by other observations made in the field following the initial detection of the sand production, while the studies were on going. Erosion calculations, covering the full range of flow conditions that are expected over the life of the field, were conducted to examine and determine locations of high particle impact rate. The results of these calculations are used to optimize present and future ultrasonic thickness (UT) measurement programs so that critical locations can be targeted with higher localized resolution. Experimental flow studies were also performed to validate the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) erosion calculation model. This CFD model was in turn used to model those parts of the subsea infrastructure that are most prone to erosion under field operating conditions, the Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM). For these flow studies a scaled down version of the PLEM, was built. The CFD results agreed well with the experimental results indicating that the CFD results are accurate in predicting the location of impacts. This was a very important finding because the CFD modeling is used to examine actual pipe geometries within the well and subsea flowline system for various flow and operating conditions during the life of the wells. The results from this work led to more focused and accurate erosion monitoring.
Characterization of quenched fluorescent triple helical peptides for MMP-2 and MMP-9 optical imaging (2009)

The prevalence of the gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, in many human tumors, including breast, colorectal, prostate and gastric cancer, make them an attractive target for molecular imaging. A self assembling homotrimeric triple helical peptide (THP), incorporating sequences from type V collagen with high specificity to MMP-2 and MMP-9, was previously developed. To investigate the viability of a THP for gelatinase imaging, we conjugated 5FAM to ..-amino groups of lysine flanking the hydrolysis site and subjected this substrate (THP-5FAM) to vitro analysis. The synthesis and in vitro results was presented.
Early diagnosis and endovascular interventions for ischemic stroke. (1997)

In recent years there have been formidable advances in the war against stroke. The understanding and detection of stroke have undergone major progress at a rate previously unseen, partly due to major contributions from neuroradiology. Current routine neuroradiologic evaluation of acute stroke relies mainly on computed tomography scanning, although a number of radiologic modalities are becoming available that are based on various physical and chemical tissue properties, such as magnetic resonance imaging, single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. All these new techniques allow the study of nervous tissue at the cellular and biochemical levels. A review of current diagnostic techniques for stroke follows in the first part of this article. The current status of endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke is reviewed in the second part of this article.
CT-based bone density assessment for iliosacral screw trajectories (2016)

Introduction: Sacroiliac screw placement is one standard treatment option for stabilization of posterior pelvic ring injuries encountering high intra- and inter-individual variations of bone stock quality as well as a vast variety and prevalence of sacral dysmorphism. An individual, easy-to-use preoperative bone stock quality estimation would be of high value for the surgeon. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 36 standard computed tomography datasets with the uninjured pelvic ring. Using a two-plane cross-referencing technique, we assessed the Hounsfield unit (HU) mean values as well as standard deviation and minimum/maximum values within selected region of interests (ROIs) at five key areas: os ilium left and right, massa lateralis of os sacrum left and right, and central vertebral body on levels S1 and S2. Results: Results showed no difference in mean HU at any ROI when comparing male and female data. For all ROIs set on S1 and S2, there was an age-related decline of HU with a calculated slope significantly different from zero. There was no statistical difference of slopes when comparing S1- and S2-level with respect to any distinct ROI. Comparison of levels S1 and S2 revealed differences at the vertebral body and at the right os ilium. The right and left massa lateralis of os sacrum had lower bone density than the center of the vertebral body, the right, or left os ilium on S1; right and left massa lateralis density did not differ significantly. On level S2, results were comparable with no difference of massa lateralis density. Conclusion: With our easy-to-use preoperative assessment of bone density of five key areas of sacroiliac screw anchoring we were able to find the lowest bone density in both the left and right massa lateralis on levels S1 and S2 with high inter- and intra-individual variations. Significantly lower bone density was found in the center of the vertebral bodies S2 in comparison to S1, which both are crucial for iliosacral screw placement. We thus recommend priority use of level S1 in screw placement and careful consideration of sole massa lateralis short-screw anchoring.
Dendritic axon origin enables information gating by perisomatic inhibition in pyramidal neurons (2022)

Information processing in neuronal networks involves the recruitment of selected neurons into coordinated spatiotemporal activity patterns. This sparse activation results from widespread synaptic inhibition in conjunction with neuron-specific synaptic excitation. We report the selective recruitment of hippocampal pyramidal cells into patterned network activity. During ripple oscillations in awake mice, spiking is much more likely in cells in which the axon originates from a basal dendrite rather than from the soma. High-resolution recordings in vitro and computer modeling indicate that these spikes are elicited by synaptic input to the axon-carrying dendrite and thus escape perisomatic inhibition. Pyramidal cells with somatic axon origin can be activated during ripple oscillations by blocking their somatic inhibition. The recruitment of neurons into active ensembles is thus determined by axonal morphological features.
Increased cyclin D1 expression can mediate BRAF inhibitor resistance in BRAF V600E–mutated melanomas (2008)

Recent studies have shown that there is a considerable heterogeneity in the response of melanoma cell lines to MEK and BRAF inhibitors. In the current study, we address whether dysregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and/or cyclin D1 contribute to the BRAF inhibitor resistance of melanoma cells. Mutational screening identified a panel of melanoma cell lines that harbored both a BRAF V600E mutation and a CDK4 mutation: K22Q (1205Lu), R24C (WM39, WM46, and SK-Mel-28), and R24L (WM902B). Pharmacologic studies showed that the presence of a CDK4 mutation did not alter the sensitivity of these cell lines to the BRAF inhibitor. The only cell line with significant BRAF inhibitor resistance was found to harbor both a CDK4 mutation and a CCND1 amplification. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis showed that CCND1 was amplified in 17% of BRAF V600E-mutated human metastatic melanoma samples, indicating the clinical relevance of this finding. As the levels of CCND1 amplification in cell lines are lower than those seen in clinical specimens, we overexpressed cyclin D1 alone and in the presence of CDK4 in a drug-sensitive melanoma line. Cyclin D1 overexpression alone increased resistance and this was enhanced when cyclin D1 and CDK4 were concurrently overexpressed. In conclusion, increased levels of cyclin D1, resulting from genomic amplification, may contribute to the BRAF inhibitor resistance of BRAF V600E-mutated melanomas, particularly when found in the context of a CDK4 mutation/overexpression.
Effectiveness comparisons of outlier screening methods for frequency dependent defects on complex ASICs (2003)

In sub-micron processes, resistive path defects are increasingly contributing to the yield loss and the customer fail pareto. Data has been collected on a series of ASIC products and it has been used to compare the effectiveness of full vector set transition delay fault tests with reduced vector sets, minVDD, customer functional tests and customers system fails. Results show that fault models do not predict the defect coverage well and cost effective screening of frequency outliers and minVDD outliers is possible and is critical in improving customer quality.
Lactobacillus bulgaricus improves antioxidant capacity of black garlic in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized control trial (2019)

<b>Objectives:</b><i>Lactobacillus bulgaricus</i> may improve antioxidant capacity of black garlic in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).<b>Methods:</b> Black garlic was prepared with or without <i>L. bulgaricus</i> Volatile and polysaccharides were analyzed by using LC-MS, Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) and <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The study design was parallel randomized controlled trial and 226 GDM patients were randomly assigned into BG (black garlic and <i>L. bulgaricus</i>) and CG (black garlic) groups, and allocation ratio was 1:1. The treatment duration was 40 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 1- and 2-h blood glucose (1hBG and 2hBG) after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were detected. Antioxidant function of black garlic was determined by measuring plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in GDM patients. The comparison between two groups was made using two independent samples <i>t</i> test.<b>Results:</b> The intake of nutrients was similar between two groups (<i>P</i>>0.05). <i>L. bulgaricus</i> promoted the transformation of the glucopyranoside to glucofuranoside. <i>L. bulgaricus</i> increased the abilities of black garlic for scavenging hydroxyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzenthiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS) and DPPH free radicals. <i>L. bulgaricus</i> reduced the levels of FBG, 1hBG and 2hBG, and incidence of perinatal complications (<i>P</i><0.01). Plasma MDA level in the BG group was lower than in the CG group, whereas the levels of SOD, GSH-PX and T-AOC in the BG group were higher than in the CG group (<i>P</i><0.01).<b>Conclusions:</b><i>L. bulgaricus</i> improves antioxidant capacity of black garlic in the prevention of GDM.
Conversion of pretreated lignocellulosic substrates to ethanol by Clostridium thermocellum in mono- and co-culture with Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum and Clostridium thermohydrosulphuricum (1984)

Two strains of Clostridium thermocellum, NRCC 2688 and ATCC 31924, demonstrated different product yields and cellulase activities when grown on solka floc, steam-exploded aspen wood, and wheat straw fractions. Highest ethanol values were obtained with 1% substrate concentrations, while higher substrate concentrations resulted in a decrease in ethanol production. Strain NRCC 2688 grew on solka floc and steam-exploded fractions which had been water and alkali extracted, resulting in the accumulation of glucose in the medium. Strain ATCC 31924 grew on all of the pretreated lignocellulosic fractions, accumulated no glucose, and produced the highest amounts of ethanol (2.9 mg/mL) and endoglucanase activity (6.2 IU/mL) after growth on 1% solka floc. When strain NRCC 2688 was grown in co-culture with C. thermosaccharolyticum or C. thermohydrosulphuricum, higher ethanol values were obtained (1.8–2.2 mg/mL) and virtually no reducing sugars were detected in the medium. Co-culturing the two pentose-fermenting anaerobes with C. thermocellum ATCC 31924, however, did not enhance ethanol production, although little reducing sugar was detected in the medium. The composition of the lignocellulosic substrate was shown to influence the ethanol yields of the different mono- and co-cultures.
n-type electrical conduction in SnS thin films (2021)

Tin monosulfide (SnS) usually exhibits p-type conduction due to the low formation enthalpy of acceptor-type defects, and as a result n-type SnS thin films have never been obtained. This study realizes n-type conduction in SnS thin films for the first time by using RF-magnetron sputtering with Cl doping and sulfur plasma source during deposition. N-type SnS thin films are obtained at all the substrate temperatures employed in this study (221-341 C), exhibiting carrier concentrations and Hall mobilities of ~2 x 10 18 cm-3 and 0.1-1 cm V-1s-1, respectively. The films prepared without sulfur plasma source, on the other hand, exhibit p-type conduction despite containing a comparable amount of Cl donors. This is likely due to a significant amount of acceptor-type defects originating from sulfur deficiency in p-type films, which appears as a broad optical absorption within the band gap. The demonstration of n-type SnS thin films in this study is a breakthrough for the realization of SnS homojunction solar cells, which are expected to have a higher conversion efficiency than the conventional heterojunction SnS solar cells.
Axisymmetric flow focusing of particles in a single microchannel (2009)

Axisymmetric flow focusing of particles in a single microchannel has been proposed on the basis of the observation that a particle migrates toward the tube axis when it lags behind the fluid flow, which is supported by demonstrating that more than 90% of the particles are tightly focused within three times the particle diameter when negative electrophoretic mobility is imposed on the particles.
Wind Power Dispatch Margin for Flexible Energy and Reserve Scheduling With Increased Wind Generation (2015)

With the significant penetration of wind generation, the variability and uncertainty of wind energy poses new challenges to power system operations. In particular, more rapid reserve is required, which may result in the scarcity of balancing services. With the increasing penetration of renewable generation, it is envisaged that renewable resources will be required to partake in the system balancing tasks. In this paper, a combined flexible dispatch and reserve scheduling policy is proposed by determining a flexible wind dispatch margin. In order to provide a flexible dispatch margin, wind generators underschedule in the hour-ahead energy market, so as to hold some expected output for reserves. Additional wind energy is then available for mitigating forecast errors and other system uncertainties. This paper presents a framework to find the optimal policy to incorporate the flexible wind dispatch margin into the hour-ahead market. A finite-state Markov chain wind power forecast model, based on spatio-temporal analysis, is utilized. The presented framework is used to find the appropriate level of wind dispatch margin. The proposed approach is tested and the wind generation data are used to analyze the effectiveness of the presented model in coping with forecast errors and achieving a more secure system operation.
Examination of a series of 8-[3-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino]propyl]-1-aryl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-ones as potential antipsychotic agents (1985)

8-[3-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino]propyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one (3) and related compounds have been shown to have antipsychotic profiles in biochemical and behavioral pharmacological test models. The dose of 3 necessary to produce catalepsy in rats is much greater than that required for activity in behavioral tests predictive of antipsychotic efficacy, for example the suppression of high base line medial forebrain bundle self-stimulation in rats. This suggests that 3 would have a reduced propensity for neurological side effects. The effects of substitution on the 1-phenyl moiety and on the N-3 nitrogen atom of the triazaspirodecanone portion of 3 were examined. Results from this study suggest that behavioral activity is sensitive to substituents on the 1-phenyl moiety while substituents on the N-3 nitrogen are more generally tolerated. In both rats and squirrel monkeys compound 3 was found to have a similar separation between doses inhibiting Sidman avoidance activity and those causing catalepsy. However, in an extrapyramidal side effect (EPS) test model using haloperidol-sensitized cebus monkeys, 3 elicited signs of EPS at doses approximating those previously determined to be efficacious.
LIM-kinase 2 induces formation of stress fibres, focal adhesions and membrane blebs, dependent on its activation by Rho-associated kinase-catalysed phosphorylation at threonine-505 (2001)

LIM-kinase 1 and 2 (LIMK1 and LIMK2) phosphorylate cofilin and induce actin cytoskeletal reorganization. LIMK1 is activated by Rho-associated, coiled-coil-forming protein kinase (ROCK) and p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), but activation mechanisms and cellular functions of LIMK2 have remained to be determined. We report here that LIMK1 and LIMK2 phosphorylate both cofilin and actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) specifically at Ser-3 and exhibit partially distinct substrate specificity when tested using site-directed cofilin mutants as substrates. We also show that LIMK2 is activated by ROCK by phosphorylation at Thr-505 within the activation loop. Wild-type LIMK2, but not its mutant (T505V) with replacement of Thr-505 by Val, was activated by ROCK in vitro and in vivo. LIMK2 mutants with replacement of Thr-505 by one or two Glu residues (T505E or T505EE) increased the kinase activity about 3.6-fold but were not further activated by ROCK. When expressed in HeLa cells, wild-type LIMK2, but not the T505V mutant, induced the formation of stress fibres, focal adhesions and membrane blebs. Furthermore, inhibitors of Rho and ROCK significantly suppressed LIMK2-induced stress fibres and membrane blebs. These results suggest that LIMK2 functions downstream of the Rho-ROCK signalling pathway and plays a role in reorganization of actin filaments and membrane structures, by phosphorylating cofilin/ADF proteins.
1,4-Addition-Type Ring-Opening Polymerization of 1,3-Oxazolidine-2-thiones (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,4-Addition-Type Ring-Opening Polymerization of 1,3-Oxazolidine-2-thionesTeruaki Mukaiyama, Isao Kuwajima, and Kinya MizuiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 1, 32–34Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01339a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01339a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electroacupuncture Elevates Blood Cortisol Levels in Naive Horses; Sham Treatment has no Effect (1980)

It was hypothesized that electroacupuncture releases beta-endorphin and ACTH from the pituitary. Since ACTH induces the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands, blood cortisol level should be enhanced by electroacupuncture. The present result shows that the blood cortisol levels of horses are significantly increased after 30 min of electroacupuncture treatment while the sham treatment (control) shows an insignificant effect.