gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of High-Potency Concentrates of Antihemophilic Globulin in a Closed-Bag System (1965)

REPLACEMENT therapy of classic hemophilia in this country is still handicapped by the low potency and high price of therapeutic materials. In this disease severely affected patients have less than 1 per cent of the mean normal circulating level of antihemophilic globulin (AHG, factor VIII). To stop various types of hemorrhage, minimum levels of 10 to 35 per cent must be achieved and maintained for one to twelve days. When one considers that frozen plasma has on the average 65 per cent of the antihemophilic globulin in the mean fresh sample, and when one further realizes that the half-life of . . .
Light duty, hard work (2005)

Subtitle: Commercial pickups and vans are getting tougher as fleets seek to boost power, longevity, and resale value.
Synthesis of a nitrobenzeneboronic acid-substituted polyacrylamide and its use in purifying isoaccepting transfer ribonucleic acids (1981)

Highly purified isoaccepting species of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) were prepared by use of a polyacrylamide substituted with nitrobenzeneboronic acid functional groups. This method exploits the well-known ability of boronic acids to complex with RNA cis-diols. tRNA isoacceptors were obtained by enzymatically acylating a mixture of tRNA species with a single amino acid and passing the mixture over a solid-state nitrobenzeneboronic acid at pH 6.5 or 7.0. Pure aminoacyl-tRNA eluted at the column liquid volume, and unacylated tRNA species were bound. The bound species were recovered by lowering the pH of the eluant to 4.5. This procedure is uncomplicated, rapid, and applicable to nearly all tRNA isoacceptors. It does not chemically modify the tRNA(s) of interest or adversely affect their ability to be aminoacylated. Since boronic acids must be ionized to complex with cis-1,2-diols, boronic acid derivatives were prepared which ionize at a pH compatible with the stability of the aminoacyl bond. Two isomeric benzeneboronic acids with pKas of 6.8 and 7.4 were synthesized by introducing electron-withdrawing nitro groups into the aromatic ring. The addition of succinyl side chains permitted the nitrobenzeneboronic acids to be coupled to aminoethylpolyacrylamide. The properties of the nitrobenzeneboronic acid substituted acrylamide were illustrated by enriching phenylalanyl-tRNA at pH 7.0 to greater than 95% purity (1.63 nmol of phenylalanine accepted per A260 unit of tRNA) and seryl-tRNA isoacceptors at pH 6.5 to essentially theoretical purity (1.58 nmol of serine accepted per A260 unit of tRNA.
New-generation taxoid SB-T-1214 inhibits stem cell-related gene expression in 3D cancer spheroids induced by purified colon tumor-initiating cells (2010)

We report here that a new-generation taxoid SB-T-1214 possesses significant activity against colon cancer spheroids induced by and enriched with drug resistant tumorigenic CD133high/CD44high cells and efficiently inhibited expression of the majority of stem cell-related genes. Our data indicates that the previously observed long-term efficacy of SB-T-1214 against drug resistant colon tumors in vivo may be explained by the down-regulation of multiple stem cell-related genes in the tumorigenic cell population, in addition to its known efficacy as a mitotic poison against proliferating cancer cells.
Mesoderm‐specific transcript is associated with fat mass expansion in response to a positive energy balance (2008)

A 50-fold variation in mRNA and protein levels of the mesoderm-specific transcript gene (Mest) in white fat of C57BL/6J (B6) mice fed an obesogenic diet is positively correlated with expansion of fat mass. MEST protein was detected only in adipocytes, in which its induction occurred with both unsaturated and saturated dietary fat. To test the hypothesis that MEST modulates fat mass expansion, its expression was compared to that of stearoyl CoA desaturase (Scd1) in B6 mice exposed to diets and environmental temperatures that generated conditions separating the effects of food intake and adiposity. Under a range of conditions, Mest expression was always associated with variations in adiposity, whereas Scd1 expression was associated with the amount of saturated fat in the diet. Mest mRNA was expressed at its highest levels during early postnatal growth at the onset of the most rapid phase of fat mass expansion. MEST is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi apparatus where its putative enzymatic properties as a lipase or acyltransferase, predicted from sequence homology with members of the alpha/beta fold hydrolase superfamily, can enable it to function in lipid accumulation under conditions of positive energy balance. Variations in adiposity and Mest expression in genetically identical mice also provides a model of epigenetic regulation.
The Micromechanical Role of the Annulus Fibrosus Components Under Physiological Loading of the Lumbar Spine (2010)

To date, studies that have investigated the kinematics of spinal motion segments have largely focused on the contributions that the spinal ligaments play in the resultant motion patterns. However, the specific roles played by intervertebral disk components, in particular the annulus fibrosus, with respect to global motion is not well understood in spite of the relatively large literature base with respect to the local ex vivo mechanical properties of the tissue. The primary objective of this study was to implement the nonlinear and orthotropic mechanical behavior of the annulus fibrosus in a finite element model of an L4/L5 functional spinal unit in the form of a strain energy potential where the individual mechanical contributions of the ground substance and fibers were explicitly defined. The model was validated biomechanically under pure moment loading to ensure that the individual role of each soft tissue structure during load bearing was consistent throughout the physiologically relevant loading range. The fibrous network of the annulus was found to play critical roles in limiting the magnitude of the neutral zone and determining the stiffness of the elastic zone. Under flexion, lateral bending, and axial rotation, the collagen fibers were observed to bear the majority of the load applied to the annulus fibrosus, especially in radially peripheral regions where disk bulging occurred. For the first time, our data explicitly demonstrate that the exact fiber recruitment sequence is critically important for establishing the range of motion and neutral zone magnitudes of lumbar spinal motion segments.
Drug dependence study of the new cognition-enhancing agent nefiracetam in rats. (1994)

The new cognition-enhancing agent nefiracetam (N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl) acetamide, DM-9384, CAS 77191-36-7) was assessed for dependence liability in rats using the DAF (drug admixed food) method and an intravenous self-administration system. In the physical dependence test, nefiracetam and codeine phosphate were administered to rats mixed with food for 43 days in a gradually increasing dosage schedule, followed by feeding a drug-free normal diet to detect signs of withdrawal. After the withdrawal, rats in the nefiracetam treated groups showed no withdrawal symptoms (e.g. body weight loss) and exhibited greater body weight gains than control. On the other hand, rats in the codeine phosphate treated group showed overt withdrawal symptoms (e. g. soft stool, diarrhea, vocalization) and a significant body weight loss, suggesting development of physical dependence on the drug. It was concluded that nefiracetam did not possess physical dependence liability in rats. In the reinforcement liability test, through an indwelling cannula implanted into the right jugular vein rats were allowed to self-administer nefiracetam, morphine hydrochloride or pentobarbital for 14 days. Saline was administered to negative control animals for the same period. The daily frequency of self-administration increased progressively with time in rats of the morphine hydrochloride and pentobarbital groups. In the nefiracetam groups, it remained comparable to or was even lower than that in the saline control group. When compared with the saline control, the group mean frequency of self-administration showed a tendency to be small for nefiracetam, whereas the morphine hydrochloride and pentobarbital showed greater frequencies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
UV light and urocanic acid (1996)

1Laboratory of Photobiology, Department of Dermatology, The University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark,2School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, and 3Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
UAV path planning based on improved ant colony algorithm with multiple heuristic factors (2022)

Aiming at the problems of long search time and easy to fall into deadlock when using the traditional ant colony algorithm in the path planning process of UAV in two-dimensional space, this paper first introduces the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional algorithm, and puts forward an improved ant colony algorithm. Select A*, potential field method, traditional heuristic search strategy and obstacle avoidance heuristic search, improve pheromone update algorithm, and dynamically modify the dependence of transition probability on pheromone. The simulation results show that the improved ant colony algorithm has better global search ability, the path superiority is more prominent, the number of iterations and calculation time are optimized, and the stability of path search is greatly improved.
Abstract 174: Periadventitial or Intraluminal Delivery of Simvastatin Attenuates Intimal Hyperplasia After Arterial Injury (2016)

Introduction: Oral statin administration reduces intimal hyperplasia (IH) after arterial injury by only ~25%. Alternative drug delivery systems have gained attention as carriers for hydrophobic drugs. We studied the effects of simvastatin (free vs hyaluronic acid tagged polysialic acid-polycaprolactone micelles) in vitro on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and in vivo after arterial injury. We hypothesized both free and micelles containing statins would inhibit VSMC chemotaxis and local statin treatment would reduce IH in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats following carotid balloon injury greater than oral delivery. Methods: VSMCs pretreated with free simvastatin (1 μM, 20 min or 20 hrs) or simvastatin-loaded micelles underwent chemotaxis to thrombospondin-1 (20 μg/mL) or serum-free media using a modified Boyden chamber. Next, SD rats (13-15 wks) who underwent balloon injury of the common carotid artery (5 atm/5 min) received statin therapy – either intraluminal simvastatin loaded micelles (50 μM, pressurized for 5 min) prior to injury or periadventitial pluronic gel (50 μM simvastatin) following injury. Arteries were harvested 14 days postoperatively. Morphometric analysis was performed using the intimal/media area ratio defined as intima/(intima + media). Findings were compared to our historic animals which received oral simvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) or controls without statin therapy. Statistical analysis was by ANOVA and p &lt;0.05 was significant. Results: Simvastatin loaded micelles and free simvastatin inhibited VSMC chemotaxis (54%-60%, p &lt;0.05). IH was induced in all injured vessels. Simvastatin in pluronic gel or micelles reduced IH compared to untreated controls (0.208 ± 0.04 or 0.160 ± 0.03 vs 0.350 ± 0.03, respectively, p &lt;0.05). However, neither gel nor simvastatin-loaded micelles were superior to oral statins (0.261 ± 0.03, p &gt;0.05). Conclusions: Intraluminally and periadventially delivered statins were effective in reducing IH. The efficacy of single dose, locally delivered statins alone may lead to novel treatment modalities for the prevention of IH. The different routes of administration allow for treatment at the time of both open and endovascular procedures, without the need for systemic therapy.
Active Learning Driven Data Acquisition for Sensor Networks (2006)

Online monitoring of a physical phenomenon over a geographical area is a popular application of sensor networks. Networks representative of this class of applications are typically operated in one of two modes, viz. an always-on mode where every sensor reading is streamed to a base station, possibly after in-network aggregation, and a snapshot mode where a user queries the network for an instantaneous summary of the observed field. However, a continuum of data acquisition policies exists between these two extreme modes, depending upon the rate and manner in which each sensor node is queried. In this work, we explore this continuum to improve network energy efficiency. We present a data acquisition framework that models the evolution of the observed data field at each sensor location as a function of time and uses an active learning based criterion to intelligently sample each sensor. Sensor nodes in our framework are organized in a clustered hierarchy. Time-dependent models of sensor readings are maintained at cluster-head nodes, which sample nodes in their cluster in a way that minimizes total energy consumption while maintaining confidence bounds on the overall model. We use sparse Gaussian processes to model sensor readings and variance minimization based active learning to intelligently select sensor nodes for querying. Finally, we present simulation results demonstrating up to 70% savings in total network energy, compared to the base case, in which sensors are sampled according to a cyclic schedule.
Encapsulation of Silver Nanoparticles into Polystyrene Microspheres (2009)

Hydrogen reduction of a saturated silver(I) oxide solution at elevated temperatures in the presence of ∼200 nm polystyrene (PS) microspheres followed by acetone treatment lead to the encapsulation of the resulting silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) into the PS microspheres. Extinction spectra reveal an expected red-shift of the characteristic plasmon resonance frequency of Ag−PS core−shell particles due to the increase in the surrounding dielectric constant. The Ag−PS core−shell particles maintain their stability when redispersed back into water.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of esters of 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde oxime (2016)

A series of oxime esters was synthesized by esterification of 3-ethoxy-4-benzaldehyde oxime with acid chlorides in the presence of triethylamine. They were evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against three pathogenic fungi, namely Rhizoctonia bataticola, Fusarium udum, and Alternaria porii, and their antibacterial activity against the three bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoneae. The compounds bearing medium-length alkyl chains showed greater activity than those with long alkyl chains. An electron-donating group in para position of the aryl ring confers highest activity.
Ferriprotoporphyrin IX Fulfills the Criteria for Identification as the Chloroquine Receptor of Malaria Parasites. (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFerriprotoporphyrin IX Fulfills the Criteria for Identification as the Chloroquine Receptor of Malaria Parasites.Albert C. Chou, Rekha Chevli, and Coy D. FitchCite this: Biochemistry 1980, 19, 8, 1543–1549Publication Date (Print):April 15, 1980Publication History Published online22 October 2003Published inissue 15 April 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00549a600https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00549a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views390Altmetric-Citations301LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neurodegeneration and glial activation patterns after mechanical nerve injury are differentially regulated by non‐MHC genes in congenic inbred rat strains (2001)

Ventral root avulsion in the rat leads to a retrograde response, with activation of glia and up-regulation of immunologic cell surface molecules such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, and the subsequent degeneration of a large proportion of the lesioned motoneurons. Herein, we examined several inbred congenic rat strains previously known to react differently to experimentally induced autoimmune diseases and demonstrate a substantial genetic diversity in the regulation of glial activation and neuron death in this injury model. The panel of examined inbred rat strains included DA(RT1AV1), PVG.1AV1, LEW.1AV1, LEW.1N, BN(RT1N) and E3(RT1U), and the following parameters were determined: (1) MHC class II expression on glia; (2) expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, C3 complement, and microglial response factor-1 mRNAs in glia; (3) levels of the tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β cytokine mRNAs; (4) degree of motoneuron loss. The findings of considerable strain-dependent differences in all parameters studied demonstrate important polymorphisms in the genetic regulation of these events. Furthermore, some of the studied features segregated from each other, suggesting independent regulatory mechanisms. Genes outside of the MHC complex are mainly implicated as being of importance for the phenotypic differences, as significant differences were recorded between the MHC congenic strains differing in the non-MHC genes but not vice versa. These results contribute new important insights into the genetic regulation of glial reactivity and neuron death after mechanical nerve injuries. In addition, the finding of conspicuous strain-dependent differences makes it necessary to consider the genetic background when designing and interpreting animal experiments involving noxious insults to the central nervous system resulting in glial activation and nerve cell loss. J. Comp. Neurol. 431:75–87, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Use of the Direct Compression Aid Ludiflash®for the preparation of pellets via wet extrusion/spheronization (2011)

Ludiflash(®) can be applied as main excipient for the preparation of individually dosable pellets combining fast drug release and a high mechanical stability.
A simplified spherical lens model for cranial exposure to 60 Hz electromagnetic fields (2003)

A simplified model of cranial exposure to 60-Hz electromagnetic fields is developed and analyzed. The physiological mechanisms surrounding exposure effects in the central regions of the brain, and pertinence to this model, are described. The simplified model is based on three concentric spherical shells representing the skull, grey matter, and white matter of the head. Approximated boundary conditions are satisfied along each shell interface. The ray tracing method is used to show that the spherical shells model the characteristics of a lens, thus focusing all incident fields on the center regions of the brain. The focusing effect of concentrating field strengths in the thalamus theoretically produces very high local current densities, possibly interfering with the normal functions of many endocrine system organs and glands.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Thermal C2−C6Cyclization of Enyne−Carbodiimides:  Experimental Evidence Contradicts a Diradical and Suggests a Carbene Intermediate (2008)

Mechanistic details of the thermal C2-C6 cyclization of enyne-carbodiimides are investigated. A variety of product and kinetic studies on solvent and substituent effects open the way for a deeper mechanistic understanding. Nonlinear Hammett correlations suggest that a change of mechanism takes place: the thermal C2-C6 cyclization of enyne-carbodiimides with electron-withdrawing substituents may be best described as a coarctate cyclization to a carbene and with electron-donating substituents as a polar cyclization to a carbene with strong zwitterionic character. Theoretical investigations had originally suggested a diradical intermediate. DFT computations and NBO analysis for the parent diazafulvenediyl are in agreement with a carbene intermediate. While any intermolecular trapping of the intermediate failed, the formation of the C-H insertion product 19 strongly supports the carbene hypothesis.
Key features of pneumococcal isolates recovered in Central and Northwestern Russia in 2011–2018 determined through whole-genome sequencing (2022)

Invasive pneumococcal disease remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Russia, 13- valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced into the childhood immunization programme nationwide in 2014. As part of the Global Pneumococcal Sequencing Project (GPS), we used genome data to characterize 179 pneumococcal isolates collected from Russia in 2011-2018 to investigate the circulating pneumococcal strains using a standardized genomic definition of pneumococcal lineages (global pneumococcal sequence clusters, GPSCs), prevalent serotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles.We observed high serotype and lineage diversity among the 179 isolates recovered from cerebrospinal fluid (<i>n</i>=77), nasopharyngeal swabs (<i>n</i>=99) and other non-sterile site swabs (<i>n</i>=3). Overall, 60 GPSCs were identified, including 48 clonal complexes (CCs) and 14 singletons, and expressed 42 serotypes (including non-typable). Among PCV13 serotypes, 19F, 6B and 23F were the top three serotypes while 11A, 15B/C and 8 were the top three among non-PCV13 serotypes in the collection. Two lineages (GPSC6 and GPSC47) expressed both PCV13 and non-PCV13 serotypes that caused invasive disease, and were penicillin- and multidrug-resistant (MDR), highlighting their potential to adapt and continue to cause infections under vaccine and antibiotic selective pressure. PCV13 serotypes comprised 92 % (11/12) of the CSF isolates from the children aged below 5 years; however, the prevalence of PCV13 serotype isolates dropped to 53 % (31/58) among the nasopharyngeal isolates. Our analysis showed that 59 % (105/179) of the isolates were predicted to be non-susceptible to at least one class of antibiotics and 26 % (46/179) were MDR. Four MDR lineages (GPSC1, GPSC6, GPSC10 and GPSC47) accounted for 65 % (30/46) of the MDR isolates and expressed PCV13 serotypes (93 %, 28/30).This study provides evidence of high genetic and serotype diversity contributed by a mix of globally spreading and regionally circulating lineages in Russia. The observations suggest that the PCV13 vaccine could be important in reducing both invasive disease and antimicrobial resistance. We also identify potential lineages (GPSC6 and GPSC47) that may evade the vaccine.
Electrophoretic cell separation using polyacrolein microspheres (1982)

Abstract The electrophoretic mobility of a number of microspheres of homo‐ or copolymerized acrolein has been studied. It was found that increasing amounts of methacrylic acid increased the negative mobility of the microspheres, whereas reaction of the microspheres with 1,6‐diaminohexane decreased the negative mobility. When coated with antibody and specifically bound to cells, these microspheres were found to alter the target cells' electrophoretic mobility. This process allowed the separation of synthetic mixtures of microsphere‐labeled and unlabeled cell populations. Over 90 % of the recovered cells were found in fractions that were essentially either pure labeled or unlabeled cells.