gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nine-frequency-path quantum interferometry over 60 km of optical fiber (2019)

The archetypal quantum interferometry experiment yields an interference pattern that results from the indistinguishability of two spatiotemporal paths available to a photon or to a pair of entangled photons. A fundamental challenge in quantum interferometry is to perform such experiments with a higher number of paths and over large distances. We demonstrate that using indistinguishable frequency paths instead of spatiotemporal ones allows for robust, high-dimensional quantum interferometry in optical fibers. In our system, twin photons from an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair are offered up to nine frequency paths after propagation in long-haul optical fibers and we show that the multipath quantum interference patterns can be faithfully restored after the photons travel a total distance of up to $60\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{km}$.
On the Properties of Semihard Magnetic Alloys &ldquo;Recalloy&rdquo; in the Fe&ndash;Nb System (1978)

Magnetic properties, electrical resistivity, hardness and microstructure have been studied on Fe–Nb alloys “Recalloy” containing less than 4%Nb. The alloys are water-quenched from various temperatures over the α-γ transformation point, cold-drawn by more than 50% reduction, and then reheated at 400–1000°C for less than 5 h.The magnetic properties of these alloys depend remarkably on the reduction rate, reheating temperature and time. An Fe-3.1%Nb alloy reheated at 650°C for 30 min after water-quenching from 1050°C and subsequent cold-drawing by 97.2% reduction exhibits very superior properties as follows: magnetic induction at 8 kA/m B8=1.74 T, residual induction Br=1.62 T, coercive force Hc=1.62 kA/m, squareness ratio Br⁄B8=0.93 and squareness \sqrt(BH)max⁄BrHc=0.90. The electrical resistivity and Vickers hardness of this alloy are 0.126 μΩm and 353, respectively.
Partial Purification of the Growth Factor Mycotrophein (1985)

Mycotrophein, a growth factor required by some biotrophic contact mycoparasites, was isolated from Arthrobotrys musiformis. Mycotrophein was partially purified using a combination of silicic acid and high performance liquid chromatographies. The partially purified compound promoted axenic growth of Stephanoma phaeospora, Gonatobotrys simplex, Calcarisporium parasiticum and Gonatorrhodiella highlei, contact mycoparasites which require this factor for axenic growth. There was essentially no growth-promoting activity with any of the many authentic biochemicals tested. Electron impact mass spectral measurements on the purified mycotrophein indicated only the presence of a mixture of tetra-and pentaethylene-glycol mono-(nonylphenyl) ethers that could possibly act as carriers of the biologically active factor.
Integration of Hedgehog and BMP signalling by the engrailed2a gene in the zebrafish myotome (2011)

Different levels and timing of Hedgehog (Hh) signalling activity have been proposed to specify three distinct cell types in the zebrafish myotome. Two of these, the medial fast-twitch fibres (MFFs) and the slow-twitch muscle pioneers (MPs) are characterised by expression of eng1a, -1b and -2a and require the highest levels of Hh for their specification. We have defined a minimal eng2a element sufficient to drive reporter expression specifically in MPs and MFFs. This element binds both Gli2a, a mediator of Hh signalling, and activated Smads (pSmads), mediators of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signalling, in vivo. We found a strict negative correlation between nuclear accumulation of pSmad, and eng2a expression in myotomal cells and show that abrogation of pSmad accumulation results in activation of eng2a, even when Hh signalling is attenuated. Conversely, driving nuclear accumulation of pSmad suppresses the induction of eng expression even when Hh pathway activity is maximal. Nuclear accumulation of pSmads is depleted by maximal Hh pathway activation. We show that a synthetic form of the Gli2 repressor interacts with Smad1 specifically in the nuclei of myotomal cells in the developing embryo and that this interaction depends upon BMP signalling activity. Our results demonstrate that the eng2a promoter integrates repressive and activating signals from the BMP and Hh pathways, respectively, to limit its expression to MPs and MFFs. We suggest a novel basis for crosstalk between the Hh and BMP pathways, whereby BMP-mediated repression of Hh target genes is promoted by a direct interaction between Smads and truncated Glis, an interaction that is abrogated by Hh induced depletion of the latter.
Enhancement the production of lipase derived from Bukhoderia cenopacia ST8 by optimization of the fermentation operation (2012)

A lipase derived from Burkhoderia cenocepacia ST8 was optimized in this research. The experimental design based on ‘change-one-factor-at-a-time’ approach was applied to optimize the production of lipase. Parameters such as volume ratio of medium volume to container volume, concentration of carbon source, nutrient broth and metal ions of medium on lipase production were extensively studied. The optimum conditions in cultivation medium containing 1% (w/v) Tween 80, 0.3% (w/v) of nutrient broth and 0.1% (w/v) of CaCl2 with volume ratio 20:80 of medium volume to container volume, a high average production of 43.8 U/mL was obtained. Therefore, the optimum formulations and conditions would produce high yield of lipase were potential utilized in the commercial industrial.
Wall Enhancement in Evolving Cerebral Aneurysms on Magnetic Resonance Vessel Wall Imaging (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Recent magnetic resonance (MR) vessel wall imaging studies have indicated cerebral aneurysms in the active state could show wall enhancement along the aneurysm wall (CEAW). While ruptured aneurysms frequently show CEAW, CEAW in the unruptured aneurysms at evolving state, ie growing or symptomatic, has not been studied in detail. We assessed the degree of CEAW in evolving unruptured aneurysms by comparing separately with each of those in stable unruptured aneurysms and ruptured aneurysms. METHODS: We performed quantitative analyses of CEAW in consecutive 26 evolving aneurysms using MR vessel wall imaging. Three-dimensional T1-weighted fast spin-echo sequence was obtained before and after contrast media injection, and the contrast ratio of aneurysm wall against the pituitary stalk (CRstalk) was calculated as the indicator of CEAW. We compared aneurysm characteristics of evolving aneurysms with those of 69 stable unruptured and 67 ruptured aneurysms. RESULTS: The CRstalk in evolving aneurysms was significantly higher than those in stable aneurysms (0.54 vs 0.34; P < .0001), and lower than those in ruptured aneurysms (0.54 vs 0.83; P < .0002). In multivariable analysis, CRstalk remained significant in comparing evolving with stable aneurysms (odds ratio, 12.23; 95% confidence interval, 3.53-42.41), and with ruptured aneurysms (odds ratio, 0.083; 95% confidence interval, 0.022-0.310). CONCLUSION: The CEAW in evolving aneurysms was higher than those in stable aneurysms, and lower than those in ruptured aneurysms.
Chemoselective noncatalytic addition of secondary phosphine chalcogenides to citral (2007)

Addition of secondary phosphine oxides, phosphine sulfides and phosphine selenides to 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (citral) (48–50°C, THF, argon) proceeds exclusively to the aldehyde group giving rise to new polyfunctional tertiary phosphine chalcogenides with diene and hydroxyl moieties in high preparative yield (up to 80%).
Detection of atrial fibrillation using artificial neural networks (2002)

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used as pattern detectors to detect atrial fibrillation (AF) in the MIT-BIH arrythmia database. Electrocardiogram data were represented using generalized interval transition matrices, as in Markov model AF detectors (G.B. Moody and R.G. Mark, 1983). A training file was developed, using these transition matrices, for a backpropagation ANN. This file consisted of approximately 15 minutes each of AF and non-AF data. The ANN was successfully trained using these data. Three standard databases were used to test network performance. Post-processing of the ANN output yielded an AF sensitivity of 92.86% and an AF positive predictive accuracy of 92.34%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tumour irradiation in mice with a laser-accelerated proton beam (2022)

Abstract Recent oncological studies identified beneficial properties of radiation applied at ultrahigh dose rates, several orders of magnitude higher than the clinical standard of the order of Gy min –1 . Sources capable of providing these ultrahigh dose rates are under investigation. Here we show that a stable, compact laser-driven proton source with energies greater than 60 MeV enables radiobiological in vivo studies. We performed a pilot irradiation study on human tumours in a mouse model, showing the concerted preparation of mice and laser accelerator, dose-controlled, tumour-conform irradiation using a laser-driven as well as a clinical reference proton source, and the radiobiological evaluation of irradiated and unirradiated mice for radiation-induced tumour growth delay. The prescribed homogeneous dose of 4 Gy was precisely delivered at the laser-driven source. The results demonstrate a complete laser-driven proton research platform for diverse user-specific small animal models, able to deliver tunable single-shot doses up to around 20 Gy to millimetre-scale volumes on nanosecond timescales, equivalent to around 10 9 Gy s –1 , spatially homogenized and tailored to the sample. The platform provides a unique infrastructure for translational research with protons at ultrahigh dose rates.
Long-acting FC-fusion rhGH (GX-H9) shows potential for up to twice-monthly administration in GH-deficient adults (2018)

International audience
Event horizons in nonlinear optics (2014)

We show experimentally and theoretically that fiber-optic analogues of event horizons can be explained by cascaded four-wave mixing between two continuous waves. Excellent agreement is obtained between experiments using pulsed and continuous wave lasers.
Funciones y responsabilidades de los agentes que intervienen en seguridad en las obras en la UE-15 (y II) (2009)

Espana es uno de los paises europeos con mayor indice de siniestralidad en la construccion, pero contradictoriamente cuenta con una normativa muy amplia y relativamente novedosa. En el ambito europeo tambien se considera esta actividad de alto riesgo; de hecho, el Consejo Europeo, en su Resolucion de 21 de diciembre de 1987, encargo a la Comision la elaboracion de una normativa, que culmino en la Directiva 92/57 CEE, de 24 de junio de 1992. Los paises de la UE-15 han realizado la transposicion de esta norma de forma diferente, pero todos han marcado unas obligaciones para los agentes intervinientes en materia de seguridad en las obras de edificacion. Las ventajas e inconvenientes legales de cada uno de estos ordenamientos juridicos permiten analizar el actual sistema establecido en las obras de construccion de Espana, asi como senalar unas medidas de mejora.
Nebulized delivery of a broadly neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific nanobody prevents clinical, virological, and pathological disease in a Syrian hamster model of COVID-19 (2022)

There remains an unmet need for globally deployable, low-cost therapeutics for the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Previously, we reported on the isolation and <i>in vitro</i> characterization of a potent single-domain nanobody, NIH-CoVnb-112, specific for the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we report on the molecular basis for the observed broad <i>in vitro</i> neutralization capability of NIH-CoVnb-112 against variant SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses. The structure of NIH-CoVnb-112 bound to SARS-CoV-2 RBD reveals a large contact surface area overlapping the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding site, which is largely unencumbered by the common RBD mutations. In an <i>in vivo</i> pilot study, we demonstrate effective reductions in weight loss, viral burden, and lung pathology in a Syrian hamster model of COVID-19 following nebulized delivery of NIH-CoVnb-112. These findings support the further development of NIH-CoVnb-112 as a potential adjunct preventative therapeutic for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.<b>Abbreviations:</b> ACE2 - angiotensin converting enzyme 2BSA - buried surface areaCDR - complementary determining regionRBD - receptor binding domainRBM - receptor-binding motifSARS-CoV-2 - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Structure-guided synthesis of FK506 and FK520 analogs with increased selectivity exhibit in vivo therapeutic efficacy against Cryptococcus (2022)

Abstract Calcineurin is an essential virulence factor that is conserved across human fungal pathogens including Cryptococcus neoformans , Aspergillus fumigatus , and Candida albicans . Although an excellent target for antifungal drug development, the serine-threonine phosphatase activity of calcineurin is conserved in mammals and inhibition of this activity results in immunosuppression. FK506 (tacrolimus) is a naturally produced macrocyclic compound that inhibits calcineurin by binding to the immunophilin FKBP12. Previously, our fungal calcineurin-FK506-FKBP12 structure-based approaches identified a non-conserved region of FKBP12 that can be exploited for fungal-specific targeting. These studies led to the design of an FK506 analog, APX879, modified at the C22 position that was less immunosuppressive yet maintained antifungal activity. We now report high resolution protein crystal structures of fungal FKBP12 and a human truncated calcineurin-FKBP12 bound to a natural FK506 analog, FK520 (ascomycin). Based on information from these structures and the success of APX879, we synthesized and screened a novel panel of C22-modified compounds derived from both FK506 and FK520. One compound, JH-FK-05 demonstrates broad-spectrum antifungal activity in vitro and is non-immunosuppressive in vivo . In murine models of pulmonary and disseminated C. neoformans infection, JH-FK-05 treatment significantly reduced fungal burden and extended animal survival alone and in combination with fluconazole. Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulations performed with JH-FK-05 binding to fungal and human FKBP12 identified additional residues outside of the C22 and C21 positions that could be modified to generate novel FK506 analogs with improved antifungal activity. Significance Due to rising rates of antifungal drug resistance and a limited armamentarium of antifungal treatments, there is a paramount need for novel antifungal drugs to treat systemic fungal infections. Calcineurin has been established as an essential and conserved virulence factor in several fungi, making it an attractive antifungal target. However, due to the immunosuppressive action of calcineurin inhibitors, they have not been successfully utilized clinically for antifungal treatment in humans. Recent availability of crystal structures of fungal calcineurin bound inhibitor complexes have enabled the structure-guided design of FK506 analogs and led to a breakthrough in the development of a compound increased for fungal specificity. The development of a calcineurin inhibitor with reduced immunosuppressive activity and therapeutic antifungal activity would add a significant tool to the treatment options for these invasive fungal infections with exceedingly high rates of mortality.
Derivation of Timing Wave Expression on a PAM Signal Limited to the Nyquist Frequency (2002)

<b>:</b> Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Ranolazine, an anti-ischemic drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, has been shown to possess hypoglycemic properties in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ranolazine on glucose metabolism and cognitive function in a T2DM model of Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by a high fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). The control group received a normal caloric diet (NCD) and sodium citrate buffer. Metformin, an effective hypoglycemic drug, was employed as a positive control. Animals were divided into the following groups: HFD/STZ + Ranolazine, HFD/STZ + Metformin, HFD/STZ + Vehicle, NCD + Vehicle, NCD + Ranolazine, and NCD + Metformin. Rats received ranolazine (20 mg/kg), metformin (300 mg/kg), or water, for 8 weeks. At the end of the treatments, all animals underwent to an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and behavioral tests, including passive avoidance, novel object recognition, forced swimming, and elevate plus maze <b></b>tests. Interleukin-6 plasma levels in the six treatment groups were assessed by Elisa assay. Body mass composition was estimated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Glucose responsiveness significantly improved in the HFD/STZ + Ranolazine (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and HFD/STZ + Metformin (<i>p</i> = 0.003) groups. There was a moderate effect on blood glucose levels in the NCD + Ranolazine and NCD + Metformin groups. Lean body mass was significantly increased in the HFD/STZ + Ranolazine and HFD/STZ + Metformin animals, compared to HFD/STZ + Vehicle animals. Ranolazine improved learning and long-term memory in HFD/STZ + Ranolazine compared to HFD/STZ + Vehicle (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and ameliorated the pro-inflammatory profile of diabetic mice. These results support the hypothesis of a protective effect of ranolazine against cognitive decline caused by T2DM.
Effect of electrical annealing on the luminous efficiency of thermally annealed polymer light-emitting diodes (2000)

Both high brightness and high efficiency of polymer light-emitting diodes can be obtained by electrical annealing after an appropriate thermal treatment. Light-emitting diodes made of poly [2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) with an Al electrode were used for this study. Thermal annealing after Al deposition dramatically enhanced the luminous efficiency of electroluminescent (EL) devices about 230 times at 350 mA/cm2, and the maximum external quantum efficiency (QE) also approached 1.43% photons/electrons. With the bias voltage annealing after thermal annealing, not only the onset voltage of the device was reduced but also the efficiency was further enhanced. This enhanced luminance and efficiency is attributed to the dipoles and accumulated space charges of polar ionic impurities within the MEH-PPV that induce more electronic charges for bipolar recombination. We obtained an external QE of 1.96% photons/electrons after 170 °C thermal annealing and 15 V bias annealing.
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Resource Allocation in Cooperative UAV-Assisted Wireless Networks (2021)

We consider the downlink of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted cellular network consisting of multiple cooperative UAVs, whose operations are coordinated by a central ground controller using wireless fronthaul links, to serve multiple ground user equipments (UEs). A problem of jointly designing UAVs’ positions, transmit beamforming, as well as UAV-UE association is formulated in the form of mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) to maximize the sum UEs’ achievable rate subject to limited fronthaul capacity constraints. Solving the considered problem is hard owing to its non-convexity and the unavailability of channel state information (CSI) due to the movement of UAVs. To tackle these effects, we propose a novel algorithm comprising of two distinguishing features: (i) exploiting a deep Q-learning approach to tackle the issue of CSI unavailability for determining UAVs’ positions, (ii) developing a difference of convex algorithm (DCA) to efficiently solve for the UAV’s transmit beamforming and UAV-UE association. The proposed algorithm recursively solves the problem of interest until convergence, where each recursion executes two steps. In the first step, the deep Q-learning (DQL) algorithm allows UAVs to learn the overall network state and account for the joint movement of all UAVs to adapt their locations. In the second step, given the determined UAVs’ positions from the DQL algorithm, the DCA iteratively solves a convex approximate subproblem of the original non-convex MINLP problem with the updated parameters, where the problem’s variables are transmit beamforming and UAV-UE association. Numerical results show that our design outperforms the existing algorithms in terms of algorithmic convergence and network performance with a gain of up to 70%.
Identification of a nuclear protein binding element within the rat brain protein kinase C γ promoter that is related to the developmental control of this gene (1993)

Protein kinase C gamma (PKC gamma) is a brain-specific isozyme expressed at a high level in the adult but not in the fetal or newborn rat. At least seventeen nuclear protein binding sites within the 5'-flanking region extending from -1612 to +243 had been identified by DNase I footprinting analysis and gel mobility shift assays. Among them, one site, GAATTAATAGG, at -669 to -679 is protected from DNase I digestion by nuclear protein from newborn but not from the adult rat brain. The levels of this binding protein, as determined by gel mobility shift assay, were found inversely related to the levels of PKC gamma in rat brain at different stages of development. These results suggest that this particular binding site may participate in the developmental regulation of PKC gamma gene.
Doppler techniques for blood microcirculation monitoring in dentistry (1997)

Some physiological aspects of paradont structure and blood microcirculation are described. Results of Monte-Carlo simulations of Doppler shift are presented for model of random medium that containing moving particles. The single- layered and two-layered configurations of the medium are considered. Doppler shift of the frequency of incident laser light is investigated as a function of such parameters as absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, and thickness of the medium.
Three-Dimensional Structure of Phosphotriesterase: An Enzyme Capable of Detoxifying Organophosphate Nerve Agents (1994)

Organophosphates, such as parathion and paraoxon, constitute the largest class of insecticides currently used in industrialized nations. In addition, many of these compounds are known to inhibit mammalian acetylcholinesterases thereby acting as nerve agents. Consequently, organophosphate-degrading enzymes are of considerable interest in light of their ability to detoxify such compounds. Here we report the three-dimensional structure of such an enzyme, namely, phosphotriesterase, as determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.1-A resolution. Crystals employed in this investigation belonged to the space group P2(1)2(1)2 with unit cell dimensions of a = 80.3 A, b = 93.4 A, and c = 44.8 A and one molecule per asymmetric unit. The structure was solved by multiple isomorphous replacement with two heavy-atom derivatives and refined to a crystallographic R factor of 18.0%. As observed in various other enzymes, the overall fold of the molecule consists of an alpha/beta barrel with eight strands of parallel beta-pleated sheet. In addition, there are two antiparallel beta-strands at the N-terminus. The molecular model of phosphotriesterase presented here provides the initial structural framework necessary toward understanding the enzyme's broad substrate specificities and its catalytic mechanism.
MEMS and MOEMS Technology and Applications (2000)

MEMS/MOEMS Technology Capabilities and Trends Operation and Design of MEMS/MOEMS Devices MEMS Modelling and Design Tools The Digital Micromirror Device - a Micro-Optical Electromechanical Device for Display Applications Optical Waveguides and Silicon-Based Micromachined Architectures Silicon Micromachines in Optical Communications Networks - Tiny Machines for Large Systems Assembly and Test for MEMS and Optical MEMS, MEMS, Microsystems, Micromachines - Commercializing an Emergent Disruptive Technology.