gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fitness Function for Genetic Algorithm used in Intrusion Detection System (2012)

Computer network usage increased rapidly at the last decades, the intruders tried to satisfy their needs by many types of attack depending on the intruder objectives, this encourage the researchers to find more and more solutions to detect those attacks. Intrusion Detection System used to detect the attack. Genetic Algorithm used to support IDS. Fitness Function is helpful in chromosome evaluation which is a Genetic Algorithm part. The problem is to find a suitable Fitness Function for a chromosome evaluation to get a solution for Intrusion Detection. This paper suggests a new reasonable Fitness Function using Reward-Penalty technique to evaluate population chromosomes efficiently. This technique used to give reward to the good chromosome and to apply a penalty on the bad chromosome. This paper will show the Fitness Function, discuss it and compare it with another Fitness Function to check its validity.
Determination of Dabigatran in Human Plasma Samples (2012)

The oral direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran effectively prevents arterial and venous thromboembolism using fixed doses without the need for adjustment according to laboratory results. Dabigatran is eliminated from the circulation by ∼80% through the kidneys. However, the in vitro anticoagulant effect of dabigatran may be necessary to determine in special patient populations such as in the elderly, for renal impairment, before operations, bleeding or thrombotic episodes, and to monitor self-compliance. Several clotting and thrombin-specific chromogenic substrate assays are available to analyze the biological activity of dabigatran. All of them are prolonged in the presence of dabigatran. This article reports the effects of dabigatran on clinical routine assays and the potential usefulness for determination in special risk groups of patients when overdose or lack of compliance are suspected.
Comparative Genomics ofStreptococcus Pneumoniae: Intrastrain Diversity and Genome Plasticity (2014)

As with many other gram-positive organisms, the genome of Streptococcus pneumoniae proved difficult to sequence. The majority of insertion sequence (IS) elements have undergone insertions, deletions, and/or point mutations that result in frame shifted or otherwise nonfunctional transposase genes. A primary role for the numerous repeats might be their potential contribution to genomic rearrangements using the repeats as seeds for recombination events, as discussed in this chapter. It has been noted an intriguing functional pattern for proteins that are surface-attached by alternate means. The nonshared genes represent both single-gene insertions and deletions and also a number of nonshared regions. All regions of diversity, except only region outside of the capsular region, represented genes that were present in at least one additional strain from our collection of genetically diverse strains. The mosaic distribution supports the idea that these regions are associated with genome plasticity. The significance of the high density of repeats is that they may play a significant role in generating the genome plasticity that is observed. The vast majority of clinical and nonclinical isolates of S. pneumoniae are transformable, and the frequent exchange of genetic information through transformation could permit a high degree of genetic plasticity.
Navitime: Supporting Pedestrian Navigation in the Real World (2007)

Almost 2 million Japanese citizens use Navitime, a mobile phone-based navigation service that incorporates various modes of transportation. User experiences reveal implications for designing urban-computing services. Location-based services are a key pervasive computing application that could deeply influence urban spaces and their inhabitants. Recent advances in mobile phones, GPS, and wireless networking infrastructures are making it possible to implement and operate large-scale location- based services in the real world.
Potential nitrogen contamination of ground water as affected by soil, water, and land-use relationships. Technical report, 1 Apr 89-31 Mar 90 (1990)

To assess nitrate leaching to soil profile characteristics and its association with land use, suction lysimeters were installed in production alfalfa and corn fields and in an adjacent hardwood forest. The amount of N at approximately one meter depth in the soil was greatest in the corn (averaged about 26 ppm N for the year), was less in the alfalfa (averaged about 16 ppm N for the year), and was just above the level of detection (about 0.2 ppm N for the year) in the hardwood forest. N availability is reduced in the second year following alfalfa reducing yield and quality of corn. These effects are more pronounced in no-tillage and ridge-tillage than in conventional tillage systems. Total inorganic N contents in the 0-60 cm soil profile did not vary between tillage or N treatments. The manured soils had significantly higher profile inorganic N contents in July, 1989. Soil nitrate and ammonium levels and potato petiole nitrate concentrations were directly related to the rate of N application and declined with time. Tuber size was significantly improved by either 60 or 120 pounds/acre rate of sidedress N. Specific gravity of potato tubers was unaffected by N application rate.
Improved Syntheses of N‐Desmethylcitalopram and N,N‐Didesmethylcitalopram (2007)

Abstract An improved and efficient synthesis of N‐desmethylcitalopram (2) and N,N‐didesmethylcitalopram (3) is presented. The method involved N‐demethylation of citalopram (1) using 1‐chloroethyl chloroformate to give 2 in 87% yield. Synthesis of 3 was accomplished by alkylation of 8 with 1‐(3‐bromopropyl)‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1‐aza‐2,5‐disilacyclopentane (9).
Scavenging dissolved oxygen via acoustic droplet vaporization (2014)

Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) has been investigated for capillary hemostasis, thermal ablation, and ultrasound imaging. The maximum diameter of a microbubble produced by ADV depends on the gas saturation of the surrounding fluid. This dependence is due to diffusion of dissolved gases from the fluid into the perfluoropentane (PFP) microbubble. This study investigated the change in oxygen concentration in the surrounding fluid after ADV. Albumin-shelled PFP droplets in air-saturated saline (1:30, v/v) were continuously pumped through a flow system and insonified by a focused 2-MHz single-element transducer to induce ADV. B-mode image echogenicity was used to determine the ADV threshold pressure amplitude. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the fluid upstream and downstream of the insonation region was measured using inline sensors. Droplet size distributions were measured before and after ultrasound exposure to determine the ADV transition efficiency. The ADV pressure threshold at 2 MHz was 1.7 MPa (peak negative). Exposure of PFP droplets to ultrasound at 5 MPa peak negative pressure caused the dissolved oxygen content in the surrounding fluid to decrease from 88 ± 3% to 20 ± 4%. The implications of oxygen scavenging during ADV will be discussed.
Safety issues with cyclosporine (1997)

The pritnary concern with the recotnmettded use of Neoral is the potetitial for toxic effects on the kidney.-" * The early and reversible vasocotistrictive activity of the drug tnay precipitate a rise in serum creatinine concentratiotis withiti tbe first few weeks of therapy.' After at least 1 year of treattnetit, cyclosporine therapy 7
A wireless interrogator - passive sensor approach for deeply embedded sensing applications (2011)

This work presents the design and preliminary results for a new class of wireless sensors designed for deeply embedded sensing applications. Such applications include structural health monitoring, where sensors may be embedded in concrete or soils, and require long system life and thus extremely passive sensor designs. The design is detailed in three parts. First, a diamagnetically-levitated accelerometer that serves as an inertial sensor is discussed. Second, a harmonic transceiver and a 3-D conformal antenna are demonstrated. Finally, an interrogator design that not only provides energy to activate the sensor but also characterizes its frequency response to extract the environments state is presented.
St. Ita's Hospital, Gortboy, Newcastlewest, Limerick. (2014)

This inspection report sets out the findings of a monitoring inspection, the purpose of &#13;\nwhich was to monitor compliance with specific outcomes as part of a thematic &#13;\ninspection. This monitoring inspection was un-announced and took place over 1&#13;\nday(s). &#13;\nThe inspection took place over the following dates and times&#13;\nFrom: To:&#13;\n06 August 2014 08:45 06 August 2014 18:00
Virtual Labs and Remote Labs: Practical Experience for Everyone (2016)

Laboratory experiences should be available for a great number of students in engineering education, especially at times when the number of students is even more increasing. Virtual Labs and Remote Labs are innovative tools used for improvement. They are either simulating experiments (Virtual Labs) or remotely operated plants (Remote Labs). At RuhrUniversity Bochum, the implementation of eight new labs was supported by the project ELLI (excellent teaching and learning in engineering sciences). Didactical concepts as well as sustainable implementations were among the criteria of the independent jury’s decision. After their setup, the management of the variety of labs is the next step. This short paper reports the work in progress in the year 2013, the whole process is to be continued and improved.
Design of Thermo Mechanicaln Processing and Transformation Behaviour of Bulk Si-Mn Trip Steel (2006)

Design of thermo mechanical processing anD transformation behaviour of bulk si-mn trip steelIn the last decade, a lot of effort has been paid to optimising the thermomechanical processing of TRIP steels that stands for transformation induced plasticity.The precise characterization of the resulting multiphase microstructure of low alloyed TRIP steels is of great importance for the interpretation and optimisation of their mechanical properties.The results obtained in situ neutron diffraction laboratory experiment concerning the austenite to ferrite transformation in Si-Mn bulk TRIP steel specimens, displaying the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP), are presented.The advancement of ferrite formation during transformation in conditioned austenite is investigated at different transformation temperatures and has been monitored using neutron diffraction method.The relevant information on transformation proceeding is extracted from neutron diffraction spectra.The integrated intensities of austenite and ferrite neutron diffraction profiles developed during the transformation are then assumed as a measure of the phase volume fractions of both phases in dependence on transformation temperature and austenite conditioning.According to the yielding information on ferrite volume fractions from isothermal transformation kinetics data the thermo mechanical processing of bulk specimen was designed in order to support austenite stabilization through bainitic transformation.The volume fractions of retained austenite resulting at alternating transformation conditions were measured by neutron and X-ray diffraction respectively.The stability of retained austenite in bulk specimens during room temperature mechanical testing was characterized by in situ neutron diffraction experiments as well.
Identification of a putative amidase gene in yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)

Journal Article Identification of a putative amidase gene in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Get access T.-H. Chang, T.-H. Chang Division of Biology, 147-75, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Abelson J. Abelson Division of Biology, 147-75, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 23, 1 December 1990, Page 7180, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.23.7180 Published: 01 January 1990 Article history Published: 01 January 1990 Received: 15 October 1990
Evaluation of the Immunoglobulin G Avidity Test for Diagnosis of Toxoplasmic Lymphadenopathy (2004)

Toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy (TL) is the most common clinical manifestation of acute acquired toxoplasma infection in normal individuals. The diagnosis is established by serologic methods and lymph node biopsy. Recently, tests for avidity of toxoplasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies have been introduced to help discriminate between recently acquired and distant infection with the parasite. We studied an avidity test to define the usefulness of this method and to determine the evolution of the IgG avidity in TL. Seventy-three consecutive patients diagnosed as having TL were studied. IgG avidity test titers were noted to be time dependent from the clinical onset of lymphadenopathy. Low IgG avidity test results were observed in patients who had developed lymphadenopathy from <1 month to 17 months prior to the sampling of sera, emphasizing that low IgG avidity test results are not reliable for diagnosis of recently acquired infection. In contrast, high IgG avidity test results were observed only in patients who had developed lymphadenopathy at least 4 months earlier. Thus, a high IgG avidity test result in an individual who has recent onset of lymphadenopathy (e.g., within 2 to 3 months of sera sampling) suggests a cause other than toxoplasmosis. In such cases, further workup is warranted in order to determine the cause of the lymphadenopathy.
Comparison of reagents for shape analysis of fixed cells by automated fluorescence microscopy (2003)

A procedure that includes the use of fluorescein-5-maleimide or FITC for staining fixed cell provides sensitivity sufficient to permit rapid, automated, morphologic analysis of well-spread fixed cells.
Beyond AOP (2003)

Software understanding for documentation, maintenance or evolution is one of the longest-standing problems in Computer Science. The use of "high-level" programming paradigms and object-oriented languages helps, but fundamentally remains far from solving the problem. Most programming languages and systems have fallen prey to the assumption that they are supposed to capture idealized models of computation inspired by deceptively simple metaphors such as objects and mathematical functions. Aspect oriented programming languages have made a significant breakthrough by noticing that, in many situations, humans think and describe in crosscutting terms. In this paper we suggest that the next breakthrough would require looking even closer to the way humans have been thinking and describing complex systems for thousand of years using natural languages. While natural languages themselves are not appropriate for programming, they contain a number of elements that make descriptions concise, effective and understandable. In particular, natural languages referentiality is a key factor in supporting powerful program organizations that can be easier understood by humans.
Coordination‐Driven Self‐Assembly of Biomedicine to Enhance Photodynamic Therapy by Inhibiting Proteasome and Bcl‐2 (2023)

Tumor cells resist oxidative damage and apoptosis by activating defense mechanisms. Herein, a self-delivery biomedicine (designated as BSC) is developed by the self-assembly of Bortezomib (BTZ), Sabutoclax (Sab) and Chlorin e6 (Ce6). Interestingly, BTZ can be coordinated with Sab to promote the assembly of uniform ternary biomedicine through non-covalent intermolecular interactions. Moreover, BTZ as a proteasome inhibitor can prevent tumor cells from scavenging damaged proteins to reduce their oxidative resistance. Sab can downregulate B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) to decrease the antiapoptotic protein. Both the proteasome and Bcl-2 inhibitions contribute to increasing cell apoptosis and amplifying photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy of Ce6. Encouragingly, carrier-free BSC receives all biological activities of these assembly elements, including photodynamic performance as well as inhibitory capabilities of proteasome and Bcl-2. Besides, BSC has a preferable cellular uptake ability and tumor retention property, which increase the drug delivery efficiency and bioavailability. In vitro and in vivo research demonstrate the superior PDT efficiency of BSC by proteasome and Bcl-2 inhibitions. Of special note, the coordination-driven self-assembly of BSC is pH-responsive, which can be disassembled for controlled drug release upon tumor acidic microenvironment. This study will expand the applicability of self-delivery nanomedicine with sophisticated mechanisms for tumor treatment.
Estimation of Immune Cell Densities in Immune Cell Conglomerates: An Approach for High-Throughput Quantification (2009)

In summary, we recommend our approach as an objective and robust strategy for quantifying immune cell densities in immunohistological sections which can be directly implemented into automated full slide image processing systems.
‘Information‐Based‐Acquisition’ (IBA) technique with an ion‐trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer for high‐throughput and reliable protein profiling (2006)

Highly complex protein mixtures can be analyzed after proteolysis using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). In an LC/MS run, intense peptide ions originating from high-abundance proteins are preferentially analyzed using tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), so obtaining the MS(2) spectra of peptide ions from low-abundance proteins is difficult even if such ions are detected. Furthermore, the MS(2) spectra may produce insufficient information to identify the peptides or proteins. To solve these problems, we have developed a real-time optimization technique for MS(2), called the Information-Based-Acquisition (IBA) system. In a preliminary LC/MS run, a few of the most intense ions detected in every MS spectrum are selected as precursors for MS(2) and their masses, charge states and retention times are automatically registered in an internal database. In the next run, a sample similar to that used in the first run is analyzed using database searching. Then, the ions registered in the database are excluded from the precursor ion selection to avoid duplicate MS(2) analyses. Furthermore, real-time de novo sequencing is performed just after obtaining the MS(2) spectrum, and an MS(3) spectrum is obtained for accurate peptide identification when the number of interpreted amino acids in the MS(2) spectrum is less than five. We applied the IBA system to a yeast cell lysate which is a typical crude sample, using a nanoLC/ion-trap time-of flight (IT/TOF) mass spectrometer, repeating the same LC/MS run five times. The obtained MS(2) and MS(3) spectra were analyzed by applying the Mascot (Matrix Science, Boston, MA, USA) search engine to identify proteins from the sequence database. The total number of identified proteins in five LC/MS runs was three times higher than that in the first run and the ion scores for peptide identification also significantly increased, by about 70%, when the MS(3) spectra were used, combined with the MS(2) spectra, before being subjected to Mascot analysis.
1995 R.U. Lemieux Award Lecture Ketenes and bisketeness: organic chemistry in microcosm (1996)

Silyl substituents stabilize ketenes, and permit the preparation of persistent bisketenes, which show characteristic 13 C, 17 O, and 29 Si NMR chemical shifts. The structures and conformations of bisketenes have been examined, as well as their interconversion with cyclobutenediones. A tetraketene has been prepared, and the hydration reactivity of carbon suboxide has been measured. Key words: bisketenes, structures and conformations; cyclobutenedione interconversion.
The functional interplay of Helicobacter pylori factors with gastric epithelial cells induces a multi-step process in pathogenesis (2013)

Infections with the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can lead to severe gastric diseases ranging from chronic gastritis and ulceration to neoplastic changes in the stomach. Development and progress of H. pylori-associated disorders are determined by multifarious bacterial factors. Many of them interact directly with host cells or require specific receptors, while others enter the host cytoplasm to derail cellular functions. Several adhesins (e.g. BabA, SabA, AlpA/B, or OipA) establish close contact with the gastric epithelium as an important first step in persistent colonization. Soluble H. pylori factors (e.g. urease, VacA, or HtrA) have been suggested to alter cell survival and intercellular adhesions. Via a type IV secretion system (T4SS), H. pylori also translocates the effector cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) and peptidoglycan directly into the host cytoplasm, where cancer- and inflammation-associated signal transduction pathways can be deregulated. Through these manifold possibilities of interaction with host cells, H. pylori interferes with the complex signal transduction networks in its host and mediates a multi-step pathogenesis.
Chameleon-like Self-Assembling Peptides for Adaptable Biorecognition Nanohybrids (2013)

We present here the development of adaptable hybrid materials in which self-assembling peptides can sense the diameter/curvature of carbon nanotubes and then adjust their overall structures from disordered states to α-helices, and vice versa. The peptides within the hybrid materials show exceptionally high thermal-induced conformational stability and molecular recognition capability for target RNA. This study shows that the context-dependent protein-folding effects can be realized in artificial nanosystems and provides a proof of principle that nanohybrid materials decorated with structured and adjustable peptide units can be fabricated using our strategy, from which smart and responsive organic/inorganic hybrid materials capable of sensing and controlling diverse biological molecular recognition events can be developed.
One‐phase supported titanium‐based catalysts for polymerization of ethylene and its copolymerization with 1‐alkenes. I. Preparation and properties of catalysts (1990)

Abstract Active one‐phase Ti‐based supported catalysts were prepared by interacting the activated silica gel (0.8 mmol OH groups/g) with R x AlCl 3–x ( x = 1–3, Al/OH = 0.9–1.0), then with TiCl 4 and R 2 Mg (Mg/Ti = 1–16), and finally with R 3 Al (Al/Ti = 0–16). The catalyst activity in the fluid bed ethylene polymerization varied between 40 and 540 kg PE/g Ti h, depending on the component used and preparation conditions employed. A mechanism of the polymerization‐active species formation was proposed.