gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficiently and reliably indentifying the accessibility of femtocells in heterogeneous networks (2010)

To deploy more base stations (BSs) to enhance the capacity is one of the popular solutions to meet the explosive wireless traffic requirements. Femtocells, which are low power BSs typically installed in home or small office, are getting increasing support to be deployed and launched. Femtocells can provide access to closed or open group of uses. When a femtocell belongs to a closed subscriber group (CSG) which only allows mobile stations (MSs) who subscribe the CSG to access, femtocell needs to broadcast its CSG identifier (CSG ID) for MSs to check whether they have the accessibility. The CSG ID can be of many bits (e.g., 24 bits), and it has high cost to broadcast CSG ID as the payload in the broadcast channel (BCH) which is very expensive resource. In this paper, we propose a novel solution to carry CSG ID by scrambling the CSG ID with the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of the BCH. The proposed solution not only achieves higher efficiency by reducing extra overhead supposed to be added by CSG ID to the BCH payload, but also achieves enhanced CRC capability for the original BCH, i.e., enhanced reliability, compared with the design of carrying CSG ID in the BCH payload. Based on analysis, we prove the advantage of our solution. We also reveal the theoretical rationale behind, based on which our idea can be extended.
Microplastic identification using Raman microsocpy (2022)

The manufacturing of plastics has expanded enormously over the previous half-century. Degradation of plastic leads to microplastics (MP's) which appear to have become increasingly common in the environment. They have been found almost everywhere, inlcuding ocean, lakes, soil beach, and even human blood [1]. Thus, in terms of identifying MP's, highly efficient analytical techniques need to be developed. We developed and implemented a Raman-system, which enables rapid detection of microplastics on a substrate. The presentation will demonstrate the setup's development and use of it for the detection of microplastics. [1] Leslie, H. A. et al. (2022) "Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood," Environment international, 163(107199), p. 107199. Also see: https://micro2022.sciencesconf.org/427205/document
FERROUS ION RELEASE FROM FERRITIN BY ULTRAVIOLET‐A RADIATIONS (1991)

Ferritin is the principal protein of iron storage (in the Fe(III) state). The UV-A irradiation of 0.25 microM ferritin solutions (from horse spleen) loaded with 530 microM Fe(III) induces Fe2+ release in the medium. The initial quantum yield is wavelength dependent (phi(365 nm) approximately 2 x 10(-3) but pH and oxygen independent. The Fe2+ release reaches a plateau which strongly depends on pH and oxygen. The amino acid composition of the apoprotein is not altered by the UV irradiation. Addition of formate ions enhances the Fe2+ production, suggesting that the ferritin photoreduction involves an electron transfer from an OH- ligand. The possible importance of this phenomenon in skin photobiology is discussed.
Identification of variable regions in the genomes of tubercle bacilli using bacterial artificial chromosome arrays (1999)

Whole-genome comparisons of the tubercle bacilli were undertaken using ordered bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the vaccine strain, Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Pasteur, together with the complete genome sequence of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Restriction-digested BAC arrays of M. tuberculosis H37Rv were used in hybridization experiments with radiolabelled M. bovis BCG genomic DNA to reveal the presence of 10 deletions (RD1-RD10) relative to M. tuberculosis. Seven of these regions, RD4-RD10, were also found to be deleted from M. bovis, with the three M. bovis BCG-specific deletions being identical to the RD1-RD3 loci described previously. The distribution of RD4-RD10 in Mycobacterium africanum resembles that of M. tuberculosis more closely than that of M. bovis, whereas an intermediate arrangement was found in Mycobacterium microti, suggesting that the corresponding genes may affect host range and virulence of the various tubercle bacilli. Among the known products encoded by these loci are a copy of the proposed mycobacterial invasin Mce, three phospholipases, several PE, PPE and ESAT-6 proteins, epoxide hydrolase and an insertion sequence. In a complementary approach, direct comparison of BACs uncovered a third class of deletions consisting of two M. tuberculosis H37Rv loci, RvD1 and RvD2, deleted from the genome relative to M. bovis BCG and M. bovis. These deletions affect a further seven genes, including a fourth phospholipase, plcD. In summary, the insertions and deletions described here have important implications for our understanding of the evolution of the tubercle complex.
An Improved Approach for Synthesis of Positively Charged Silver Nanoparticles (2004)

Abstract Positively charged silver nanoparticles capped by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) are prepared in aqueous solution. The structure of capping agents on Ag particles is systematically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). It suggests that CTAB molecules form a bilayer shell on Ag surface with a 1:5 rough ratio of inner/outer molecules.
Role of inflammation in preventing the induction of transplantation tolerance (TRAN1P.876) (2014)

Abstract Costimulation blockade targeting the CD40-CD154 pathway is an effective approach to induce tolerance to allografts in murine and non-human primate models. However inflammation generated during infection and exposure to pathogen associated molecular patterns abrogates costimulation blockade induced tolerance. Here we have characterized the alloreactive CD8 T cell response during costimulation blockade in the absence or presence of inflammation. Costimulation blockade consisting of donor splenocytes (DST)/anti-CD154 antibody (MR1) stimulated proliferation of alloreactive CD8 T cells but resulted in deletion of the cells by apoptosis. Exposure to LPS during blockade prevented this deletion, but surprisingly reduced proliferation kinetics of the alloreactive CD8 T cells. These data suggest that LPS increases the frequency of alloreactive CD8 T cells by providing survival signals during cell division. RNA-seq analyses revealed differential expression of genes involved in apoptosis (like Fasl, Perp, Birc5, E2F transcription factors), cell cycle (Ki-67, Bub1, Nusap1), CD8 T cell differentiation and function (granzyme B, T-bet, Eomes) and type I interferon induced genes (Ifi44, Ifit1, Usp18) between the treatment groups. Such phenotypic differences will facilitate identification of pathways that can be targeted to prevent the abrogation of transplantation tolerance in situations of inflammation.
Transient self-assembly of metal–organic complexes (2023)

Implementing transient processes in networks of dynamic molecules holds great promise for developing new functional behaviours. Here we report that trichloroacetic acid can be used to temporarily rearrange networks of dynamic imine-based metal complexes towards new equilibrium states, forcing them to express complexes otherwise unfavourable in their initial equilibrium states. Basic design principles were determined for the creation of such networks. Where a complex distribution of products was obtained in the initial equilibrium state of the system, the transient rearrangement temporarily yielded a simplified output, forcing a more structured distribution of products. Where a single complex was obtained in the initial equilibrium state of the system, the transient rearrangement temporarily modified the properties of this complex. By doing so, the mechanical properties of an helical macrocyclic complex could be temporarily altered by rearranging it into a [2]catenane.
Spherical Near-field Antenna Measurements (1988)

The subject of antenna measurements is one which has undergone revolutionary changes in recent years, in particular within space applications, where high demands are placed upon antenna design and construction. This book represents the specific measurement technique known as the spherical near-field method. The theoretical treatment of the method is detailed but of sufficient generality to make the book useful as a basis for further research on near-field measurements and antenna coupling problems. Practical aspects of antenna test ranges, data processing schemes and measurement procedures are described. Other topics covered are measurement error analysis and generation of plane wave fields. The authors draw on the experience from the development, sponsored by the European Space Agency, of one of the first spherical near-field test ranges. They have contributed to the establishment of spherical near-field testing as a highly accurate and versatile method, currently under implementation at test ranges worldwide.
Excitation Wavelength Dependence of Bacterial Reaction Center Photochemistry. 2. Low-Temperature Measurements and Spectroscopy of Charge Separation (1996)

Excitation with spectrally narrow (5 nm), temporally short duration (200 fs) laser pulses at a variety of wavelengths between 848 and 903 nm results in substantial excitation wavelength dependent differences in the evolution of the bacterial reaction center absorbance spectrum both before and after charge separation occurs. The transient holes in the initial electron donor band showed a more resolved vibrational band structure at 20 K, when compared to those of earlier room temperature transient hole-burning experiments (Peloquin, J. M.; Lin, S.; Taguchi, A. K. W.; Woodbury, N. W. J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 1349). The dominant vibrational band observed is at 120 cm-1, in agreement with dynamic measurements of coherent oscillations on this time scale (Vos, M. H.; Rappaport, F.; Lambry, J.-C.; Breton, J.; Martin, J.-L. Nature 1993, 363, 320). At both room temperature and low temperature, there is a distribution of P to P* transition energies due to a distribution of the protein conformations in the ground state. At 20 K, one can also see a distribution of P* to P stimulated emission energies. As might be expected, the barriers to conformational interconversion are more easily crossed at room temperature, resulting in a smaller difference between the mean transition energies of the photoselectable subpopulations on the picosecond time scale relative to those at low temperature. At 20 K, much of this conformational interconversion is apparently lost when exciting near the 0−0 transition wavelength of P. More conformational interconversion appears to take place at low temperature when higher energy excitation is used, implying that P* is vibrationally hot for at least hundreds of femtoseconds following excitation on the blue side of its QY band. Of particular interest is the insensitivity of the overall charge separation kinetics to the selection of ground state conformational subpopulations by different excitation wavelengths. There appears to be very little coupling between the nuclear motion that defines the ground state transition distribution and the charge separation reaction itself. Given the apparently slow rate of vibrational relaxation of some of the excited state modes most strongly coupled to the P to P* transition, the lack of excitation wavelength dependence of the charge separation rate also suggests that these modes are not strongly coupled to the charge separation reaction. What the ground state (and possibly excited state) conformational distributions and interconversions do affect is the kinetic complexity of the absorbance changes in the 800 nm region. Specifically, the extent of involvement of fast, multiexponential decay components in this region depends strongly on the wavelength of excitation.
NH2–Dianion Entrapped in a Nanoporous 12CaO·7Al2O3Crystal by Ammonothermal Treatment: Reaction Pathways, Dynamics, and Chemical Stability (2014)

Inorganic imides are useful for hydrogen storage and base-catalyzed reactions but are extremely unstable under ambient conditions, which hinders their practical use as functional materials. Here, we demonstrate that NH2(-) and H(-), as well as NH(2-), can be incorporated into the nanocages of the mayenite crystals, [Ca24Al28O64](4+)(e(-))4 and [Ca24Al28O64](4+)(O(2-))2, by ammonothermal treatment. We evaluated the reaction conditions and found that the anion exchange reaction proceeded at higher than 500 °C. Raman spectroscopy showed that the N-H band position of encaged NH(2-) was close to that of CaNH and MgNH crystals. We also studied the reaction pathways that yield NH2(-) and NH(2-) anions and their dynamic motions by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Successive reactions of encaged e(-) and O(2-) ions with NH3 yielded NH2(-), NH(2-), and H(-) or OH(-), in which the O(2-) ion reacted more efficiently with NH3. The maximum NH(2-) concentration and content were ∼2.7 × 10(20) cm(-3) and ∼0.25 (wt %)NH, respectively. The short spin-lattice relaxation time found in (1)H NMR suggests that the incorporated NH2(-) and NH(2-) rotate or librate in the cage near room temperature. Stability tests showed that the encaged NH(2-) ions are chemically stable under ambient conditions and in organic solvents. These results are attributed to the encapsulation of active anions within subnanometer-sized cages composed of Ca-O-Al oxide frameworks. The encaged NH(2-) desorbed as NH3 at higher than 500 °C under vacuum (Ea = 172 kJ mol(-1)). It is thus expected that C12A7:NH(2-) will function as a reactive nitrogen source for nitrogen transfer reactions by in situ cage degradation.
Performance of Activated Carbon in Evaporative Loss Control Systems (1990)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Although activated carbons have been used successfully for approximately 20 years for control of hydrocarbon evaporative emissions from motor vehicles, the correlation of fundamental activated carbon properties, molecular scale pore size/volume characteristics, to carbon performance has not generally been available. Improvements in wood-based carbon have focused on the pore size/volume characteristics resulting in a doubling of performance, as measured by butane working capacity, over the past few years. In addition to relating the butane working capacity for different types of carbon to pore characteristics, laboratory studies using new carbons have demonstrated that the capacity for adsorption of vapors from gasoline is also related to this fundamental property. Furthermore, different types of in-use carbons from vehicle canisters have been evaluated to confirm that the key to carbon performance is pore characteristics and also, that laboratory evaluations of carbons, using proper conditions, can realistically simulate the performance of actual in-use carbons.&lt;/div&gt;
Toxic Effects of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate on Metabolic Activity, Growth Rate, and Microcolony Formation ofNitrosomonasandNitrosospiraStrains (2001)

Strong inhibitory effects of the anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) on four strains of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are reported. Two Nitrosospira strains were considerably more sensitive to LAS than two Nitrosomonas strains were. Interestingly, the two Nitrosospira strains showed a weak capacity to remove LAS from the medium. This could not be attributed to adsorption or any other known physical or chemical process, suggesting that biodegradation of LAS took place. In each strain, the metabolic activity (50% effective concentration [EC(50)], 6 to 38 mg liter(-1)) was affected much less by LAS than the growth rate and viability (EC(50), 3 to 14 mg liter(-1)) were. However, at LAS levels that inhibited growth, metabolic activity took place only for 1 to 5 days, after which metabolic activity also ceased. The potential for adaptation to LAS exposure was investigated with Nitrosomonas europaea grown at a sublethal LAS level (10 mg liter(-1)); compared to control cells, preexposed cells showed severely affected cell functions (cessation of growth, loss of viability, and reduced NH(4)(+) oxidation activity), demonstrating that long-term incubation at sublethal LAS levels was also detrimental. Our data strongly suggest that AOB are more sensitive to LAS than most heterotrophic bacteria are, and we hypothesize that thermodynamic constraints make AOB more susceptible to surfactant-induced stress than heterotrophic bacteria are. We further suggest that AOB may comprise a sensitive indicator group which can be used to determine the impact of LAS on microbial communities.
Limitations of the Zero‐Length Column Technique to Measure Diffusional Time Constants in Microporous Adsorbents (2015)

Abstract The zero‐length column (ZLC) technique has been developed to measure the intracrystalline diffusivity of strongly adsorbed species in large zeolite crystals above 50 μm in the Henry's law range of sorption equilibrium. The ZLC is a macroscopic technique, and there is a need of large crystallites or pellets to measure the intracrystalline diffusivity D c of fast diffusion species or the macropore diffusivity D P of weakly adsorbed species, respectively. Another limitation is that ZLC desorption curves produce similar concentration profiles (linear isotherms) in bidisperse adsorbents (pellets) under macropore or micropore diffusion control. Moreover, the forms of the response curves are very similar in both diffusion‐ and nonlinear equilibrium‐controlled processes, leading to some misinterpretations of ZLC experiments. In this work, two criteria are developed showing that, in order to macroscopically measure the micropore diffusion time constant $ r_c^2/{D_c} $ or the macropore diffusion time constant $ R_p^2(1 + K)/{D_P} $ , the time of the ZLC experiments t should be higher than 7.0 × 10 −2 $ r_c^2/{D_c} $ or 7.0 × 10 −2 $ R_p^2(1 + K)/{D_P} $ , respectively. The interpretation of the ZLC response curve data is also checked in two completely different regimes, showing that a single ZLC response curve is not enough to conclude if a system is under a kinetic or an equilibrium regime.
Vascular Stiffness in Aging and Disease (2021)

The goal of this review is to provide further understanding of increased vascular stiffness with aging, and how it contributes to the adverse effects of major human diseases. Differences in stiffness down the aortic tree are discussed, a topic requiring further research, because most prior work only examined one location in the aorta. It is also important to understand the divergent effects of increased aortic stiffness between males and females, principally due to the protective role of female sex hormones prior to menopause. Another goal is to review human and non-human primate data and contrast them with data in rodents. This is particularly important for understanding sex differences in vascular stiffness with aging as well as the changes in vascular stiffness before and after menopause in females, as this is controversial. This area of research necessitates studies in humans and non-human primates, since rodents do not go through menopause. The most important mechanism studied as a cause of age-related increases in vascular stiffness is an alteration in the vascular extracellular matrix resulting from an increase in collagen and decrease in elastin. However, there are other mechanisms mediating increased vascular stiffness, such as collagen and elastin disarray, calcium deposition, endothelial dysfunction, and the number of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Populations with increased longevity, who live in areas called "Blue Zones," are also discussed as they provide additional insights into mechanisms that protect against age-related increases in vascular stiffness. Such increases in vascular stiffness are important in mediating the adverse effects of major cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension and diabetes, but require further research into their mechanisms and treatment.
Parts of recognition (A) (1984)

A complete theory of object recognition is an impossibility not simply because of the multiplicity of visual cues we exploit in elegant coordination to identify an object, but primarily because recognition involves fixation of belief, and anything one knows may be relevant. We finesse this obstacle with two moves. The first restricts attention to one visual cue, the shapes of objects; the second restricts attention to one problem, the initial guess at the identity of an object. We propose that the visual system decomposes a shape into parts, that it does so using a rule defining part boundaries rather than part shapes, that the rule exploits a uniformity of nature -- transversality, and that parts with. their descriptions and spatial relations provide a first index into a memory of shapes. These rules lead to a more comprehensive explanation of several visual illusions. The role of inductive inference is stressed in our theory. We conclude with a precis of unsolved problems.
Understanding the large strain behavior in the lead-free doped Bi1/2(Na0.78K0.22)1/2TiO3–BiMg1/2Ti1/2O3 (BNKT-BMT) piezoelectric system (2020)

The ternary solid solution Bi1/2(Na0.78K0.22)1/2TiO3-BiMg1/2Ti1/2O3 (BNKT-BMT) was investigated for high-strain actuator applications. This study of the BNKT-BMT system looked at the macroscopic properties as a function of BMT doping, temperature, and virgin vs poled states in order to gain new insights into the impact of quenched compositional disorder on non-ergodic to ergodic behavior in relaxor ferroelectrics. A gradual transition toward ergodic relaxor ferroelectric behavior was observed in the electric field induced polarization and strain of the BNKT-BMT system with an increase in concentration of BMT and an increase in temperature. BNKT-0%BMT exhibits a remarkable room temperature large-signal piezoelectric strain equivalent to an effective piezoelectric coefficient (d33*) &amp;gt;1000 pm/V at 5.5 kV/mm during the first virgin drive cycle due to the significant strain arising from an irreversible field induced phase transition characteristic of a non-ergodic relaxor ferroelectric. The maximum room temperature large-signal effective piezoelectric coefficient d33* observed for reversible bipolar cycling drive conditions was 685 pm/V at 5.5 kV/mm for BNKT-4%BMT. At elevated temperatures, compositions with reduced BMT exhibited superior d33* performance until a relative maximum d33* was reached and strain performance subsequently declined. This is interpreted in terms of competing strain mechanisms in relaxor ferroelectrics that vary with an increase in ergodicity of the system, as governed by factors such as composition and temperature. The work has implications for industrial actuator systems, such as those in inkjet printers.
Collagenolytic Matrix Metalloproteinases in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease and Cancer (2015)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer result in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition to the role of environmental smoke exposure in the development of both diseases, recent epidemiological studies suggests a connection between the development of COPD and lung cancer. Furthermore, individuals with concomitant COPD and cancer have a poor prognosis when compared with individuals with lung cancer alone. The modulation of molecular pathways activated during emphysema likely lead to an increased susceptibility to lung tumor growth and metastasis. This review summarizes what is known in the literature examining the molecular pathways affecting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in this process as well as external factors such as smoke exposure that have an impact on tumor growth and metastasis. Increased expression of MMPs provides a unifying link between lung cancer and COPD.