gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Systems of Hydro Energy Power Plants (1988)

In most European countries energy production is mainly done by caloric and/or nuclear plants whereas hydro energy plants are of less importance. Hydro energy production in the FRG, for instance, runs up to about 5%. The following figures demonstrate that in Austria things are quite the opposite.
PFetch (2008)

CPU speeds have increased faster than the rate of improvement in memory access latencies in the recent past. As a result, with programs that suffer excessive cache misses, the CPU will increasingly be stalled waiting for the memory system to provide the requested memory line. Prefetching is a latency hiding technique that tackles this problem. If the address of the memory line that misses in cache can be predicted sufficiently in advance, it can be prefetched into the cache before it is accessed, reducing the effective latency of that access.
Chronic Opioid Treatment Induces Adenylyl Cyclase V Superactivation (1996)

It has been known for some time that chronic treatment of neuronal cells and tissues with opioids, contrary to their acute effect, leads to an increase in cAMP accumulation. This phenomenon, defined as adenylyl cyclase superactivation, has been implicated in opiate addiction, yet the mechanism by which it is induced remains unclear. Here, we show that this phenomenon can be reproduced and studied in COS-7 cells cotransfected with adenylyl cyclase type V and mu-opioid receptor cDNAs. These cells display acute opioid inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity, whereas prolonged exposure to the mu-agonist morphine or [-Ala2, N-methyl-Phe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin leads to a time-dependent superactivation of adenylyl cyclase. This superactivated state is reversible, because it is gradually lost following agonist withdrawal. Adenylyl cyclase superactivation can be prevented by pertussis toxin pretreatment, indicating the involvement of Gi/o proteins, or by cotransfection with the carboxyl terminus of beta-adrenergic receptor kinase or with alpha-transducin (scavengers of Gbetagamma dimers), indicating a role for the G protein betagamma dimers in adenylyl cyclase superactivation. However, contrary to several other Gbetagamma-dependent signal transduction mechanisms (e.g. the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2/MAP kinase pathway), adenylyl cyclase superactivation is not affected by the Ras dominant negative mutant N17-Ras.
Biomechanical Tests and Clinical Application of Unicortical Pin by the External Fixator System (2003)

The paper outlines characteristics of the unicortical pin, its biomechanical features, as wel as its application in the clinical practice. The plastic models are used for parallel tests of biomechanics of unicortical and Schanc's pins that are mounted together with the external fixator M.9. Their stability in LL direction is almost the same, but in AP direction the unicortical pin offers lower stability. This can be explained by the direction and position of placing of these pins. Special advantage and feature of the unicortical pin is its saving role toward the bone vascularization. It passes only into the bone cortex, and this in spots, and it doesn't pass thrugh the medullary channel and doesn't damage medullary vascularization. In clinical practice the unicortical pin is most frequently applied with the comminuted fractures. It puhes the free bone fragment and attaches it to the basic one so that greater stability is assured at the fracture core and the fracture gap, i.e. hematom, is diminished. This procedure stimulates the osteogenesis process. Unicortical pins are less frequently used for independent fixing of the bone fragments—this only if there is counterindication for the general anesthesia, in which case the unicortical pins are applied under local anesthesia.
P181 infliximab exposure during induction associate with time to remission and disease control of inflammatory bowel disease (2023)

Abstract Background Infliximab (IFX) exposure is established predictive factor of pharmacokinetic (PK) origin in inflammatory bowel disease, and expert consensus is to achieve adequate exposure during induction (1). We evaluated the performance of a Bayesian PK tool in IBD patients starting IFX. Methods Trough IFX collected immediately before the third and fourth infusion (corresponding to week 6 and 14 on a standard dosing schedule, respectively) were evaluated from 307 IBD patients starting IFX and enrolled in three cohorts of IBD. The first cohort patients was adult CD enrolled in the TAILORIX trial (n=101, mean age [SEM]: 35.0±1.4 years, 60% female) (2), a second cohort was from the PRECISION trial (n=158, mean age 15.8±0.5, 75% CD, 46% female) (3) and a third cohort consisted of pediatric patients (n=45, mean age 13.2±0.5, 71% CD, 40% female). Forecasted IFX concentration at the 4th infusion were estimated using serum IFX, antibodies to IFX and albumin determined at the third infusion using population PK calculator with Bayesian prior. The outcome variable was a CRP-based clinical remission during follow-up with CRP levels below 3 mg/L in the absence of symptoms (corresponding to remission). Sustained CRP-based clinical remission status over the maintenance period was also calculated. Statistics consisted of Kaplan Meier analysis with calculation of Hazard ratio (HR), and logistic regression. Results IFX concentration above 15 µg/mL before the third infusion had shorter time to CRP-based clinical remission as compared to IBD with IFX concentration below 15 µg/mL (mean followup: 182±11 days). Measured IFX concentrations above 10 µg/mL before the 4th infusion were also associated with a higher rate and shorter time to remission (p&amp;lt;0.01). Similar results were observed with forecasted concentration above 10 µg/mL at the 4th infusion (p&amp;lt;0.01). In the presence of IFX concentration above 15 µg/mL there was a 2.5-fold higher likelihood of sustained CRP based clinical remission status during maintenance as compared to IFX concentrations below 15 µg/mL (p&amp;lt;0.01). Forecasted IFX level above 10 µg/mL at 4th infusion associated with 3.9-fold higher likelihood of CRP-based clinical remission. (p&amp;lt;0.01). Conclusion These data further support that IFX concentrations above recommended cutoffs are best to predict enhanced disease control. Patients presenting with low forecasted exposure may benefit from dose intensification sooner than the scheduled standard infusion. References: (1) Cheifetz AS et al. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 116:2014-2025. (2) D’Haens G et al., Gastroenterology. 2018 154:1343-1351. (3) Dubinsky M et al. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2022 28:1375-1385
Wirkungen verschiedener physikalischer Behandlungsmethoden auf die arterioläre Vasomotion und mikrohämodynamische Funktionsmerkmale bei Regulationsdefiziten der Organdurchblutung. Ergebnisse einer placebo-kontrollierten Doppelblindstudie (2013)

Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen einer placebokontrollierten Studie wurde mit hoch-auflösenden Meßmethoden anhand repräsentativer Funktions-merkmale der Mikrozirkulation geprüft, ob und in welchem Ausmaß 6 verschiedene handelsübliche physikalische Behandlungsgeräte für eine (komplementär-)therapeutische Beeinflussung defizitärer Durchblutungsregulationen geeignet sind. Von den 6 geprüften handelsüblichen Geräten erwiesen sich 2 als unwirksam und 3 als zu gering wirksam, um therapierelevant zu sein. Eine komplemen-tär-therapeutische Wirkung konnte nur bei einem Behandlungsgerät nachgewiesen werden, das ein spezifisch biorhythmisch definiertes Stimulationssignal für die Vasomotion verwendet.
Accuracy of Estimates of Mean Daily Traffic: A Review (1997)

A location’s mean daily traffic (MDT) is the expected traffic volume on a “typical” day, and AASHTO’s Guidelines for Traffic Monitoring Programs identifies 22 different uses for estimates of MDT. The problem of quantifying the “precision and bias” of short-count estimates of MDT is reviewed, with particular attention to the different sources of estimation errors. It is argued that early attempts to estimate the likely error of short-count estimates did not include errors from using incorrect seasonal or day-of-week adjustment factors. It is also indicated that incorrect adjustment can produce very substantial increases in estimation errors. Research on managing such adjustment errors is reviewed, leading to the conclusion that seasonal counts, rather than simple coverage counts, may be needed to produce accurate estimates of MDT when solid prior information concerning appropriate adjustment factors is lacking.
188 Rapid (Or Extensive) Metabolizer (2022)

This project originated more than 15 years ago with the intent to produce a glossary of drug metabolism terms having definitions especially applicable for use by practicing medicinal chemists. A first-draft version underwent extensive beta-testing that, fortuitously, engaged international audiences in a wide range of disciplines involved in drug discovery and development. It became clear that the inclusion of information to enhance discussions among this mix of participants would be even more valuable. The present version retains a chemical structure theme while expanding tutorial comments that aim to bridge the various perspectives that may arise during interdisciplinary communications about a given term. This glossary is intended to be educational for early stage researchers, as well as useful for investigators at various levels who participate on today’s highly multidisciplinary, collaborative small molecule drug discovery teams.
Important port for SHIP-1 at Dok-3 (2007)

Dok-3 serves as an inhibitory adaptor protein through recruitment of the 5′-inositol phosphatase, SHIP-1. Ng and colleagues have generated a Dok-3–deficient mouse that exhibits hyperresponsive B cells, thereby implicating the adaptor as an important negative regulator of certain signaling events downstream from the antigen receptor.
Modular soft mechatronic manipulator for minimally invasive surgery (MIS): overall architecture and development of a fully integrated soft module (2015)

This paper describes the design and development of a modular soft man ipulator for minimally invasive surgery, which equals the high dexterity of classic hyper redundant continuum, but rigid, robots resulting in safer potential interaction with internal organs. The manipulator relies on the use of a soft flexible fluidic actuator in each of its modules, which can be wireless controlled by means of an embedded fluidic control unit. This actuation unit is equipped with three miniaturized latching valves, a wireless microcontroller board, and a specifically designed fluidic distributor integrated into the elastomeric material that the module is made of. FEM simulations and experimental tests verified the reliability of the distributor in acting as a piping system inside each module. The mobility of the fully integrated soft module was evaluated in terms of static performances and covered workspace. The module’s dynamic model during one-chamber motion was estimated from the parameter estimation analysis. The characterization of the single module behaviour is intended as first step to ease the future high level control of the multi-modular architecture.
A field‐programmable VLSI processor based on direct allocation of a control/data flow graph (2004)

Abstract The next generation of information systems will require the development of special‐purpose processors that can accommodate computation‐intensive algorithms at superhigh speeds. Design methods based on field‐programmable gate arrays (FPGA), which can guide the fabrication of special‐use processors at lower cost than ad hoc design methods, are attracting increased attention. However, special‐purpose processors based on FPGA have the problem of poor performance compared to processors designed by ad hoc methods. In this article, we propose to eliminate this problem with FPGA processors by using field‐programmable VLSI (or FPVLSI) arrays of processing elements in which data transfer takes place between nearest‐neighbor processors only, direct allocation of control/data flow graphs, and bit‐serial architecture. Furthermore, we show that when this FPVLSI approach is used to implement a 16‐point FFT, the resulting processor module is over 20 times faster than a currently available FPGA module with the same area. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(7): 28–37, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10076
Influence of gastric digestive reaction on subsequent in vitro intestinal digestion of sodium caseinate-stabilized emulsions (2012)

In this study, in vitro intestinal lipid digestion and the physicochemical and microstructural changes of sodium caseinate-stabilized emulsions were examined after the emulsions had been digested in a model simulated gastric fluid containing pepsin for different times. The average size, size distribution, microstructure, proteolysis of interfacial proteins and lipolysis of the emulsion droplets were monitored as a function of digestion time. The emulsion droplets underwent extensive droplet flocculation, with some coalescence together with proteolysis of interfacial proteins, in simulated gastric fluid, resulting in changes in the droplet size and the microstructure of the emulsions. In general, digestion in simulated gastric fluid containing pepsin accelerated coalescence of the emulsion droplets during subsequent digestion in simulated intestinal fluid containing pancreatic lipase. However, the changes in the size, the microstructure and the proteolysis of the interfacial proteins of the emulsions under gastric conditions did not influence the rate and the extent of lipid digestion in the subsequent intestinal environment.
Microscale Electrolysis: Synthesis of Iodoform, Its Characterization, Faraday's Laws, and Avogadro's Number (1995)

Experimental procedure for microscale synthesis of iodoform (triiodomethane) through electrolysis of aqueous potassium iodide and acetone; can be used to determine Avogadro's number and Faraday's constant.
GRK Mediates μ-Opioid Receptor Plasma Membrane Reorganization (2019)

Differential regulation of the μ-opioid receptor (MOP) has been linked to the development of opioid tolerance and dependence which both limit the clinical use of opioid analgesics. At a cellular level, MOP regulation occurs via receptor phosphorylation, desensitization, plasma membrane redistribution, and internalization. Here, we used fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to detect and quantify ligand-dependent changes in the plasma membrane organization of MOP expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. The low internalizing agonist morphine and the antagonist naloxone did not alter constitutive MOP plasma membrane organization. In contrast, the internalizing agonist DAMGO changed MOP plasma membrane organization in a pertussis toxin-insensitive manner and by two mechanisms. Firstly, it slowed MOP diffusion in a manner that was independent of internalization but dependent on GRK2/3. Secondly, DAMGO reduced the surface receptor number and the proportion of mobile receptors, and increased receptor clustering in a manner that was dependent on clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Overall, these results suggest the existence of distinct sequential MOP reorganization events at the plasma membrane and provide insights into the specific protein interactions that control MOP plasma membrane organization.
Reverse transcription of an RNA genome from databasing paper (FTA®) (2000)

The instability of RNA in solutions during storage and travel is an impediment to its utilization in routine diagnostics. A robust and simple approach to the problem of RNA protection and processing is offered by storage of RNA desiccated with processing procedures that do not solublize the RNA until the beginning of reverse transcription. The feasibility of this general approach was tested with coxsackievirus B4 (CVB-4) from blood or culture fluid held on a storage and transport medium (FTA(R)) and analysed by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) without removing the RNA from the FTA(R) until reverse transcription. Phase-trapping techniques based on water-miscible solvents such as ethanol or phenol were compared with simple buffers and concentrated lithium chloride solutions. RT-PCR detection of viral RNA reached a sensitivity of approximately 0.1 fg, which is comparable with other non-nested PCR techniques. Whole blood as a virus vehicle significantly interfered with CVB-4 detection, but to an acceptable degree. Desiccation-storage of the RNA of CVB-4 appears to be unaffected by weeks on the storage medium under ambient conditions. These characteristics indicate that this approach forms a credible developmental base for RNA-based pathogen diagnostics with particular application to the problem of transporting potentially infectious body fluids to a centralized laboratory for analysis.
Vortices and elementary excitations in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates (2004)

The condensation of weakly interacting alkali atom gases observed in 1995 is a manifestation of the macroscopic quantum phenomenon called Bose-Einstein condensation. In contrast to superconductivity and Helium superfluids, the dilute alkali atom condensates are directly observable using optical imaging techniques and they constitute highly controllable quantum systems. Hence, they offer an ideal test bench to investigate the applicability of quantum field theories and to predict the properties of the condensates starting from the first principles.\n\nSince the first experimental realizations of dilute Bose-Einstein condensates, a great interest has been focused on this field, resulting in numerous experimental studies concerning, for example, nonlinear dynamics and the elementary excitations of these many-particle quantum systems. The existence of topological phase singularities, quantized vortices, first predicted theoretically and finally observed experimentally in 1999, led to another series of pioneering theoretical and experimental studies.\n\nSeveral methods to create single-quantum vortices were realized already in 2001 but, however, the puzzle of creating multiply quantized vortices still remained. In this thesis, the so-called topological method to create two and four times quantized vortices is studied in detail. Since the instrumentation required for the experimental realization of the topological method had already been installed in many laboratories, the theoretical predictions of this thesis were experimentally verified shortly after their publication. Multiply quantized vortices are energetically unstable and tend to split into singly quantized vortices. However, the dissipation of energy in the condensates is minimal at low temperatures and, consequently, can lead to long lifetimes for the multiquantum vortices. Nevertheless, one prediction of this thesis is that the lifetimes of doubly quantized vortices are relatively short, owing to the known dynamical instability of the state. The splitting of the doubly quantized vortex has recently been observed experimentally.\n\nThe stability of vortices in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates is intimately related to the excitation spectrum of the stationary vortex state. However, developing an accurate, computationally feasible finite-temperature quantum field theory remains an open problem. In this thesis, we study the elementary excitations of an irrotational condensate within a recently developed systematic second order perturbation theory. The collapse and revival of certain elementary excitations is discovered.\n\nThe most recent studies of this thesis are devoted to stationary, but rotationally asymmetric vortex states. In weakly interacting condensates, a novel stationary state, a vortex tripole holding finite angular momentum is presented. Also the lowest elementary excitations of the so-called vortex dipole, tripole, and quadrupole states are studied.
Bilateral Absence of Adrenal Glands: A Case Series that Expands the Spectrum of Associations and Highlights the Difficulties in Prenatal Diagnosis (2011)

Adrenal agenesis (AA) defined by the complete absence of development of adrenals is a rare anomaly, which is documented mainly in experimental animals and less frequently in human subjects in the literature. This study was aimed at describing the varied phenotype of this condition in two stillborn and one termination of pregnancy fetuses and two neonates, the associated abnormalities and the difficulties encountered to achieve the prenatal diagnosis. Five cases with AA diagnosed at post-mortem examination were selected and their characteristics were analyzed. The detection of this unusual condition has usually been made as an incidental discovery at post-mortem examination. None of the cases described in this series had been diagnosed at prenatal ultrasonography. Respiratory distress was the commonest clinical presentation in the liveborn. Maternal diabetes was associated with one case. Anomalies of kidneys, lungs, spleen, and blood vessels were associated with two of the cases. No gonadal abnormalities were detected in any of the cases. These cases illustrate the varied clinical presentation of this rare condition and confirm the difficulty in achieving a prenatal diagnosis.
Cerebral transit time of 99mtechnetium sodium pertechnetate before and after cerebral arteriography (1973)

✓ In a group of 18 patients the cerebral transit time was studied with 99m technetium sulfur colloid and 99m technetium sodium pertechnetate before and after cerebral arteriography. The results were compared with a similar study in a group of 21 control patients, and no statistical difference was noted. Cerebral arteriography, when performed without complications, does not alter the cerebral transit time.
Destabilization of β‐Hemocyanin from Helix pomatia in Presence of Choline Amino Acids Results in Improved Cell Specificity and Cytotoxicity against Human Breast Cancer (2019)

Abstract Many hemocyanins, the oxygen‐transporting proteins in some invertebrates, are studied in depth in view of their immunostimulatory and vaccine adjuvant properties. However, their direct cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cell lines is poorly investigated. Here, we evaluated the effect of native β‐hemocyanin from Helix pomatia (β‐HpH) and its complexes with choline amino acids ([Chol][AA]) on the viability and morphology of estrogen‐dependent (MCF‐7) and estrogen‐independent (MDA‐MB‐231) breast cancer cells. In the tested concentration range, the native ß‐HpH has no effect on the cytotoxicity and migratory capacity of the two tested cell lines. [Chol][AA] induce rearrangement in the ß‐HpH molecule. The complexes characterize with decreased thermal stability and altered cytotoxicity. Their cytotoxicity toward MDA‐MB‐231 cells is preserved or enhanced. At the highest assayed concentration, β‐HpH‐[Chol][Trp] produced the same cytotoxic effect against MDA‐MB‐231 cells as that reported for doxorubicin. Oppositely, the native ß‐HpH, significantly stabilizes MCF‐7 cells and their metastatic potential was enhanced.