gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Salinity Tolerance and Iron Deprivation Resistance Mechanisms Revealed by Proteomic Analyzes in Dunaliella salina (2019)

The halotolerant alga Dunaliella salina can adapt to practically the entire range of salt concentrations. This capacity is achieved primarily by massive accumulation of glycerol and by efficient elimination of sodium ions, which require major metabolic investment. To clarify the molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance in D. salina, we performed a proteomic differential analysis aimed to identify salt-regulated proteins in different sub-cellular fractions. Soluble proteins were identified by 2D IEF/SDS-PAGE combined with MALDI-TOF MS/MS, whereas plasma membrane proteins were biotin-tagged, separated by blue-native/SDS-PAGE, and identified by nano-LC/MS-MS. High salt up-regulated plasma membrane carbonic anhydrases, which mediate bicarbonate acquisition, key enzymes in Calvin cycle, starch mobilization and redox energy production. These results indicated that D. salina enhances photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and diverts its principle carbon and energy resources for synthesis of glycerol. In the plasma membrane we identified: (i) bacterial-type surface coat proteins (peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein) and tubulin, which probably function in stabilizing the membrane against osmotic lysis; (ii) small GTP-binding proteins which may be involved in signal-transduction in response to salt/osmotic stress; (iii) lipid metabolizing enzymes, possibly associated with osmotic sensing; (iv) chaperones and proteolytic enzymes probably involved in enhancing the turnover and stabilization of membrane proteins at high salinity; (v) ion transporters for protons, iron, nitrate, ammonium and possibly sodium. 342Taken together, these results suggest that concerted changes in multiple pathways contribute to unique ability of D. salina to withstand high salinity. A surprising observation was the finding that high salinity induced iron deficiency stress in D. salina. We discovered that D. salina evolved special strategies to cope with iron limitation. It utilizes a unique mechanism for iron acquisition, via membrane-associated transferrins, that bind and internalize ferric ions into acidic vacuoles. In the chloroplast, iron deprivation induced one major protein, identified as a PS-I chlorophyll a/b-binding protein, which largely increased the size of PS-I units. Interestingly, iron-deprived cyanobacteria, accumulate in PS-I a different type of chlorophyll-binding protein. This may represent a general strategy of photosynthetic organisms to adapt to iron deprivation.
Subcellular Distribution of α-Tocopherol in Spinach & Lilac Leaf Tissue (1963)

It has long been known that a-tocopherol occurs in plant tissue. Since tocopherol in animal tissue has been found in mitochondria and chromanol structures have been proposed as intermediates in oxidative phosphorylation (6, 4) it was of interest to determine whether tocopherol is found in mitochondria and chloroplasts of plant cells. The occurrence of 'tocopherol in the organelles of plant cells would provide new systems in which to consider its functional significance. To establish the intracellular distribution of tocopherol in leaf tissue we have made an extensive study of the subcellular fractions of spinach leaf as well as a study of lilac leaf tissue. The results indicate that a-tocopherol is primarily localized within the chloroplast structure, but with an amount also in the mitochondria and in less dense structures or soluble material of the fraction not sedimented at 78,000 X g.
Rearrangement and Degradation of α‐Hetero‐functionally Substituted Phosphonium Salts (1962)

cf. CA 55, 23400c; Hellmann and Bader, CA 56, 11615h. Treatment of phosphonium salts of the type (Ph3PCH2X)OH(I, X = SMe; II, X = Cl; III, X = Br) with N aq. NaOH gave Ph3PO and MeX. With II and III a Ph group migrated to give Ph2(PhCH2)PO (17% from II, 33% from III). BuLi or PhLi also initiated this rearrangement in nonaq. solvents. The reaction is formulated II + RLi -&gt; Ph3P:CHCl (IV); IV + RLi -&gt; Ph3PRCHCl (V); V -&gt; Ph2PR:CHPh (R = Bu, Ph, or OH). [on SciFinder (R)]
Rates of Induction of Labor at 39 Weeks and Cesarean Delivery Following Publication of the ARRIVE Trial (2023)

This cross-sectional study analyzes the rates of induction and cesarean delivery before and after the publication of A Randomized Trial of Induction vs Expectant Management (ARRIVE).
Evaluation of myocardial metabolism with microdialysis during bypass surgery with cold blood- or Calafiore cardioplegia (2006)

The oxidative stress measured was significantly higher in patients undergoing CABG using modified Calafiore cardioplegia, whereas the cold cardioplegia minimised the effects of aortic clamping. The results indicate that cold cardioplegia offers superior protection of the heart, in terms of more rapid normalisation of myocardial metabolism. In elective myocardial revascularisation, intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia is a comparable safe method of myocardial protection. However, in patients referring to a long clamping time, advantages of cold cardioplegia for myocardial revascularisation may be magnified.
Prevalence and inheritance of and selection for hip dysplasia in seven breeds of dogs in Sweden and benefit:cost analysis of a screening and control program (1997)

Documented effects of age suggest that all dogs should be screened at the same age, rather than screening a few dogs at an older, more revealing age. In screening and control programs based on an open registry with access to family records, decreasing prevalence of hip dysplasia can be expected, and related to selection of breeding stock.
Dynamic structures inEscherichia coli: Spontaneous formation of MinE rings and MinD polar zones (2003)

In Escherichia coli, division site selection is regulated in part by the Min-protein system. Oscillations of the Min proteins from pole to pole every approximately 40 sec have been revealed by in vivo studies of GFP fusions. The dynamic oscillatory structures produced by the Min proteins, including a ring of MinE protein, compact polar zones of MinD, and zebra-striped oscillations in filamentous cells, remain unexplained. We show that the Min oscillations, including mutant phenotypes, can be accounted for by in vitro-observed interactions involving MinD and MinE, with a crucial role played by the rate of nucleotide exchange. Recent discoveries suggest that protein oscillations may play a general role in proper chromosome and plasmid partitioning.
Vapor Pressure of GD (2007)

Abstract : The vapor pressure of pinacolyl methyl phosphonofluoridate [O-( I ,2,2-trimethylpropyl)-methyl phosphonofluoridate. GD] has been measured between -20 and 50 C, using vapor saturation methodology. The current data are in good agreement with data previously measured.
Association of novel SNPs in gonadotropin genes with sperm quality traits of Boer goats and Boer crosses (2017)

The present study aimed to investigate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of caprine FSHβ and caprine LHβ genes and to determine effects of the SNPs on fresh and post-thaw semen quality traits of Boer and Boer-crossbred bucks. The single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and comparative sequencing revealed three SNPs in exon 3 of caprine follicle-stimulating hormone beta (FSHβ), including, three SNPs; 200A > G (FSHβ3-a), 226T > C (FSHβ3-b), and 237A > G (FSHβ3-c), while two of them (FSHβ3-a and FSHβ3-b) were novel. Furthermore, one SNP in exon 2 of luteinizing hormone beta (LHβ) (207T > C) (LHβ2) was detected. The associations of the four detected SNPs with quality traits of fresh and post-thaw semen were evaluated. Analyses of variance revealed significant association of the candidate genes with libido and semen quality traits. The three SNPs of FSHβ3 had significant effect on libido, progressive motility, and abnormality of fresh semen (P < .05), and on the motility, velocity, and viability traits of post-thaw semen (P < .05). LHβ2 polymorphism only showed association with sperm viability of post-thaw semen. The results of the present study suggest that the SNPs in caprine FSHβ and LHβ are associated with semen quality of male goats.
Micro wishbone interferometer for Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (2011)

A miniature wishbone-type Si interferometer with electrically actuated rotary comb drive actuators is designed and fabricated to apply a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Corner cube mirrors are mounted on the end of the Si interferometer that is formed on a glass substrate. The total size of the interferometer is approximately 8 mm × 8 mm. The corner cube mirrors with sharp edges with a size of approximately 1 × 1 × 0.5 mm3 are fabricated using an indentation technique. The rotation angle of rotary comb drive actuators is approximately 11° with an applied voltage of 180 V. Hereby, the maximum optical path difference of approximately 2640 µm is achieved, which corresponds to the highest resolution of ∼4 cm−1 as a spectrometer.
Cosmic Ray Neutron Soil Moisture Estimation Using Physically Based Site‐Specific Conversion Functions (2020)

Abstract In order to advance the use of the cosmic ray neutrons (CRNs) to map soil moisture in heterogeneous landscapes, we need to develop a methodology that reliably estimates soil moisture without having to collect 100+ soil samples for each point along the survey route. In this study, such an approach is developed using physically based modeling with the numerical MCNP neutron transport code. The objective is to determine site‐specific conversion functions to estimate soil moisture from CRNs for the dominant land covers. Here, we assess this methodology at three field sites with similar mineral soil composition, but different land covers. First, we ensure that the developed models capture the most important differences in neutron transport behavior across sites. For this, we use measured time series and height profiles of thermal and epithermal neutrons. Then, we compare the estimates obtained from the site‐specific conversion functions with the standard N 0 ‐calibration function. Finally, we compare the CRN soil moisture estimates with independent soil moisture estimates. Overall, the site‐specific models are in agreement with the observed trends in neutron intensities. The site‐specific soil moisture is similar to the N 0 ‐estimated soil moisture, which results in comparable statistical measures. We show that various land covers have a significant impact on the amount and soil moisture sensitivity of epithermal neutrons, while the thermal neutrons are affected to a less degree. Thereby, thermal‐to‐epithermal neutron ratios can be used to identify the land cover type and thereby the appropriate conversion function for soil moisture estimation for each point along the survey route.
Personalized Cancer Medicine: Molecular Diagnostics, Predictive biomarkers, and Drug Resistance (2012)

The progressive elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of cancer has fueled the rational development of targeted drugs for patient populations stratified by genetic characteristics. Here we discuss general challenges relating to molecular diagnostics and describe predictive biomarkers for personalized cancer medicine. We also highlight resistance mechanisms for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitors in lung cancer. We envisage a future requiring the use of longitudinal genome sequencing and other omics technologies alongside combinatorial treatment to overcome cellular and molecular heterogeneity and prevent resistance caused by clonal evolution.
Scaffoldless tissue-engineered nerve conduit promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery after tibial nerve injury in rats (2017)

Damage to peripheral nerve tissue may cause loss of function in both the nerve and the targeted muscles it innervates. This study compared the repair capability of engineered nerve conduit (ENC), engineered fibroblast conduit (EFC), and autograft in a 10-mm tibial nerve gap. ENCs were fabricated utilizing primary fibroblasts and the nerve cells of rats on embryonic day 15 (E15). EFCs were fabricated utilizing primary fibroblasts only. Following a 12-week recovery, nerve repair was assessed by measuring contractile properties in the medial gastrocnemius muscle, distal motor nerve conduction velocity in the lateral gastrocnemius, and histology of muscle and nerve. The autografts, ENCs and EFCs reestablished 96%, 87% and 84% of native distal motor nerve conduction velocity in the lateral gastrocnemius, 100%, 44% and 44% of native specific force of medical gastrocnemius, and 63%, 61% and 67% of native medial gastrocnemius mass, respectively. Histology of the repaired nerve revealed large axons in the autograft, larger but fewer axons in the ENC repair, and many smaller axons in the EFC repair. Muscle histology revealed similar muscle fiber cross-sectional areas among autograft, ENC and EFC repairs. In conclusion, both ENCs and EFCs promoted nerve regeneration in a 10-mm tibial nerve gap repair, suggesting that the E15 rat nerve cells may not be necessary for nerve regeneration, and EFC alone can suffice for peripheral nerve injury repair.
Stabilization of Supported Liquid Membranes by γ-Radiation and Their Performance in the Membrane Aromatic Recovery System (2005)

This study reports the stabilization of supported liquid membranes, through cross-linking the liquid membrane phase by using γ-radiation, and the performance of the resulting membranes under Membrane Aromatic Recovery System (MARS) operating conditions. The membranes were prepared by impregnating polypropylene glycol (PPG) into the pores of microporous flat sheet membranes [polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polypropylene (PP)] and subsequently exposing them to γ-radiation. The membranes prepared exhibited operational stability when investigated under MARS operating conditions for more than 1 month. The PP (0.05 mm) membrane provided the best combination of high phenol mass transfer rates and low water flux for the MARS process among the membranes tested in this study. The phenol mass transfer rate through this membrane (27 × 10-7 m s-1) was 18 times higher than that of silicone rubber tubing (1.5 × 10-7 m s-1). This study also reports the effect of radiation dose on the mass transfer rates and on the membrane support itself.
Efficacy and safety of acoziborole in patients with human African trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2/3 trial (2022)

For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Improving Rejection Performance on Handwritten Digits by Training with “Rubbish” (1993)

May 01 1993 Improving Rejection Performance on Handwritten Digits by Training with “Rubbish” In Special Collection: CogNet Jane Bromley, Jane Bromley AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar John S. Denker John S. Denker AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Jane Bromley AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA John S. Denker AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA Received: July 27 1992 Accepted: October 20 1992 Online ISSN: 1530-888X Print ISSN: 0899-7667 © 1993 Massachusetts Institute of Technology1993 Neural Computation (1993) 5 (3): 367–370. https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1993.5.3.367 Article history Received: July 27 1992 Accepted: October 20 1992 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Jane Bromley, John S. Denker; Improving Rejection Performance on Handwritten Digits by Training with “Rubbish”. Neural Comput 1993; 5 (3): 367–370. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1993.5.3.367 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsNeural Computation Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1993 Massachusetts Institute of Technology1993 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Comparison of Fatty Acid Contents and MMP-1 Inhibitory Effects of the Two Antarctic Fish, Notothenia rossii and Champsocephalus gunnari (2022)

Total fatty-acid (FA) contents of different organs (stomach, liver, brain, and skin) of two Antarctic fish, marbled rockcod (<i>Notothenia rossii</i>) and mackerel icefish (<i>Champsocephalus gunnari</i>), were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). <i>N. rossii</i> possessed higher contents of total omega-3, where eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most represented omega-3 FAs, were distributed throughout all parts of the fish. The highest level of EPA was observed in the skin and that of DHA was observed in the brain of <i>N. rossii</i>. <i>C. gunnari</i> showed organ peculiarity in that most of the omega-3 FAs were found in stomach and skin. Specifically, the highest levels of EPA and DHA were both observed in the stomach. Although <i>N. rossii</i> and <i>C. gunnari</i> both inhabit the Antarctic Southern Oceans, their characteristics in terms of the composition of fatty acids were shown to vary. The extracts were also evaluated for matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)-inhibitory activities in UVB-induced human dermal fibroblasts, where extracts of the skin and liver of <i>N. rossii</i> showed the most significant inhibition upon MMP-1 production. These findings provide experimental evidence that the extracts of the Antarctic fish could be utilized as bioactive nutrients, particularly in the enhancement of skin health.
Under-Approximation Reﬁnement for Classical Planning (2014)

A general and important problem of search-based planning techniques is the state explosion problem, which is usually tackled with approaches to reduce the branching factor of the planning task. Such approaches often implicitly exploit the observation that the number of available operators is higher than the number of operators that are actually needed to find a plan. In this paper, we propose a simple, but general under-approximation refinement framework for satisficing planning that explicitly exploits this observation. Our approach iteratively searches for plans with operator subsets, which are refined if necessary by adding operators that appear to be needed. Our evaluation shows that even a straight-forward instantiation of this framework yields a competitive planner that often finds plans with small operator sets.
Alterations in Lipid Signaling Underlie Lipodystrophy Secondary to AGPAT2 Mutations (2012)

Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), secondary to AGPAT2 mutation is characterized by the absence of adipocytes and development of severe insulin resistance. In the current study, we investigated the adipogenic defect associated with AGPAT2 mutations. Adipogenesis was studied in muscle-derived multipotent cells (MDMCs) isolated from vastus lateralis biopsies obtained from controls and subjects harboring AGPAT2 mutations and in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes after knockdown or overexpression of AGPAT2. We demonstrate an adipogenic defect using MDMCs from control and CGL human subjects with mutated AGPAT2. This defect was rescued in CGL MDMCs with a retrovirus expressing AGPAT2. Both CGL-derived MDMCs and 3T3-L1 cells with knockdown of AGPAT2 demonstrated an increase in cell death after induction of adipogenesis. Lack of AGPAT2 activity reduces Akt activation, and overexpression of constitutively active Akt can partially restore lipogenesis. AGPAT2 modulated the levels of phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol species, as well as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) inhibitor cyclic phosphatidic acid. The PPARγ agonist pioglitazone partially rescued the adipogenic defect in CGL cells. We conclude that AGPAT2 regulates adipogenesis through the modulation of the lipome, altering normal activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and PPARγ pathways in the early stages of adipogenesis.
Model Analysis of Equilibrium Adsorption Isotherms of Pure N2, O2, and Their Binary Mixtures on LiLSX Zeolite (2014)

Three analytical adsorption isotherm models for energetically homogeneous (Langmuir) and heterogeneous (Toth, Sircar) adsorbents were tested for describing recently measured pure gas isotherm data for adsorption of N2 and O2 on pelletized LiLSX zeolite at three different temperatures and in the pressure range of 0–6 atm. Estimated binary gas isotherms for this system by these models and the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST) were compared with the corresponding experimental data. All three models describe the pure gas isotherms reasonably well, but the model that accounts for the differences in the degrees of adsorbent heterogeneity of the components of a mixture (Sircar) provided better correlation between experimental and estimated binary selectivities than the other models and IAST under various conditions of pressure, temperature, and gas composition. Predictions of multicomponent isotherm data by models must be extensively tested experimentally, since their ability to describe pure gas isotherms does not guarantee the quality of multicomponent isotherm predictions.
Full-range imaging of the whole anterior segment of eye by high-speed optical frequency domain imaging using a reflective Fabry-Perot tunable laser (2011)

We describe a high-speed long-depth range optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) system employing a long-coherence length tunable source and demonstrate dynamic full-range imaging of the anterior segment of the eye including from the cornea surface to the posterior capsule of the crystalline lens with a depth range of 12 mm without removing complex conjugate image ambiguity. The dependence of the whole anterior segment change on time following abrupt relaxation from the accommodated to the relaxed status was measured for a healthy eye and that with an intraocular lens.