gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Behavioral pharmacology of berberine-type alkaloids. (I) Central depressive action of Coptidis Rhizoma and its constituents (1976)

Coptis root is frequently utilized as a sedative in Chinese medicines, however, the central depressant action of this compound has not been reported. Such being the case, the central depressant actions of methanol extract of coptis root, its active ingredients such as non-alkaloids fraction, tertiary base fraction, quarternary base fraction, magnoflorine fraction, berberine hydrochloride, coptisine hydrochloride and the extract from SAN O SHA SHIN TO being one of the preparations which contain coptis root were investigated in mice. The antigastric ulcer action of these substances was also examined in rats. All substances were given orally. Sontaneous movement and coordinative motor activity were not depressed by methanol extract, non-alkaloid fraction quarternary base fraction, magnoflorine fraction, berberine hydrochloride, coptisine hhdrochloride and the extract from SAN O SHA SHIN TO. There was no inhibition of chemical- and electro-shock-induced convulsion, morphine induced Straub's tail reaction, apomorphine-induced masticating motion and aggressive behavior induced by electrical stimulation. A loss of righting reflex due to hypnotics was not potentiated by the substances. The quarternary base fraction did not elicit central depression, while the tertiary base fraction slightly depressed the function of the central nervous system. Quarternary base alkaloids such as berberine exerted a slight antiulcer effect.
Copurification of glucosamine-1-phosphate acetyltransferase and N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activities of Escherichia coli: characterization of the glmU gene product as a bifunctional enzyme catalyzing two subsequent steps in the pathway for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine synthesis (1994)

The glmU gene product of Escherichia coli was recently identified as the N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity which catalyzes the formation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, an essential precursor for cell wall peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide biosyntheses (D. Mengin-Lecreulx and J. van Heijenoort, J. Bacteriol. 175:6150-6157, 1993). Evidence that the purified GlmU protein is in fact a bifunctional enzyme which also catalyzes acetylation of glucosamine-1-phosphate, the preceding step in the same pathway, is now provided. Kinetic parameters of both reactions were investigated, indicating in particular that the acetyltransferase activity of the enzyme is fivefold higher than its uridyltransferase activity. In contrast to the uridyltransferase activity, which is quite stable and insensitive to thiol reagents, the acetyltransferase activity was rapidly lost when the enzyme was stored in the absence of reducing thiols or acetyl coenzyme A or was treated with thiol-alkylating agents, suggesting the presence of at least one essential cysteine residue in or near the active site. The acetyltransferase activity is greatly inhibited by its reaction product N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate and, interestingly, also by UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid, which is one of the first precursors specific for the peptidoglycan pathway. The detection in crude cell extracts of a phosphoglucosamine mutase activity finally confirms that the route from glucosamine-6-phosphate to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine occurs via glucosamine-1-phosphate in bacteria.
Blue Light Rescues Mice from Potentially Fatal Pseudomonas aeruginosa Burn Infection: Efficacy, Safety, and Mechanism of Action (2012)

Blue light has attracted increasing attention due to its intrinsic antimicrobial effect without the addition of exogenous photosensitizers. However, the use of blue light for wound infections has not been established yet. In this study, we demonstrated the efficacy of blue light at 415 nm for the treatment of acute, potentially lethal Pseudomonas aeruginosa burn infections in mice. Our in vitro studies demonstrated that the inactivation rate of P. aeruginosa cells by blue light was approximately 35-fold higher than that of keratinocytes (P = 0.0014). Transmission electron microscopy revealed blue light-mediated intracellular damage to P. aeruginosa cells. Fluorescence spectroscopy suggested that coproporphyrin III and/or uroporphyrin III are possibly the intracellular photosensitive chromophores associated with the blue light inactivation of P. aeruginosa. In vivo studies using an in vivo bioluminescence imaging technique and an area-under-the-bioluminescence-time-curve (AUBC) analysis showed that a single exposure of blue light at 55.8 J/cm(2), applied 30 min after bacterial inoculation to the infected mouse burns, reduced the AUBC by approximately 100-fold in comparison with untreated and infected mouse burns (P < 0.0001). Histological analyses and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays indicated no significant damage in the mouse skin exposed to blue light at the effective antimicrobial dose. Survival analyses revealed that blue light increased the survival rate of the infected mice from 18.2% to 100% (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, blue light therapy might offer an effective and safe alternative to conventional antimicrobial therapy for P. aeruginosa burn infections.
Pharmacologic approaches to treatment resistant depression: a re-examination for the modern era (2010)

A shortcoming of most treatment recommendations for TRD is their reliance on older studies that do not reflect the current preeminence of SSRIs in clinical practice. This has distorted the prioritization of pharmacological strategies for TRD. Efforts to correct this distortion with effectiveness research, designed to better reflect current practice trends, require critical consideration of the strengths and limitations of this approach.
Very Long Baseline Interferometry: the EVN, WSRT, and JIVE (2019)

Chapter 7: - Very Long Baseline Interferometry: the EVN, WSRT, and JIVE - Closing the holes - Time Adventures
Determining the fat content of milk and cream using AC conductivity measurements (1993)

The electrical conductivity and capacitive reactance of milk and cream samples, of fat content ranging from 0.15 to 51% w/w, are reported over the frequency range 5 Hz to 200 kHz. Measurements made at 100 kHz, where electrode polarization effects are negligible, indicate that the conductivity of milk and cream increases as a near 1.7 power law of the fat-free weight fraction present. With careful temperature control and the use of a reference skimmed milk sample to correct for variations in non-fat solids and ionic composition between batch samples, for skimmed milk (0.15% w/w fat) the fat content can be determined to within +or-0.08% w/w, whilst for double cream (51% w/w fat) the maximum uncertainty is 0.8% w/w fat. Previous work in the literature has been restricted to a smaller range of fat contents, using measurements where the influence of electrode polarization effects could not be completely eliminated.
Oseltamivir phosphate monotherapy ablates tumor neovascularization, growth, and metastasis in mouse model of human triple-negative breast adenocarcinoma (2014)

OP monotherapy may be the effective treatment therapy for TNBC.
Optical control of phased array antennas: a European perspective (2002)

A review is presented of current European work on optical feeds, ranging from systems demonstrator work on optical signal distribution networks to research studies on phased array beam formers using coherent optical techniques. The attractions of optical signal feeds for phases array antennas are becoming accepted, and it is possible to control groups of 10-200 elements from a single laser source. In Europe early application to space-based phased arrays is expected. However, the advantages of reduced mass and improved electromagnetic compatibility are also important in naval applications. Much development work on optical sources and detectors remains to be done to improve the efficiency of the optical-electrical interface. Optical beam forming is a topic of considerable current research interest, and both coherent and noncoherent techniques are likely to find system applications. In the longer term direct optical control of microwave devices would permit further reductions in array complexity provided the problems of device design to give efficient optical coupling can be overcome.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Isolation and Structural Determination of a New Antibiotic Curromycin B (1985)

Journal Article Isolation and Structural Determination of a New Antibiotic Curromycin B Get access Mituo Ogura, Mituo Ogura Institute of Applied Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroshi Nakayama, Hiroshi Nakayama Institute of Applied Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazuo Furihata, Kazuo Furihata Institute of Applied Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Shimazu, Akira Shimazu Institute of Applied Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Haruo Seto, Haruo Seto Institute of Applied Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Noboru Ōtake Noboru Ōtake Institute of Applied Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 6, 1 June 1985, Pages 1909–1910, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10867007 Published: 01 June 1985 Article history Received: 22 February 1985 Published: 01 June 1985
ChemInform Abstract: Direct α‐Arylation of Ethers Through the Combination of Photoredox‐Mediated C—H Functionalization and the Minisci Reaction. (2015)

Abstract Transient α‐oxyalkyl radicals from cyclic and noncyclic ethers are generated via photolytically induced hydrogen atom transfer.
The chemistry of hop constituents. Part XL. Structure of a five-membered-ring oxidation product of colupulone (1974)

Oxygen acts on colupulone in petroleum at 60° to give 5-hydroxy-5-isobutyryl-3,3-bis-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-cyclopentane-1,2,4-trione, which we find present in old hops. Cohulupone is evidently an intermediate, but the new product appears not to be an intermediate in the oxidation of cohulupone to hulupinic acid.
A model for gas phase mass transport on the porous nickel electrode in the molten carbonate electrolysis cell (2016)

A one-dimensional model based on the Maxwell-Stefan diffusion equations was applied to evaluate the effect of the reverse water-gas shift reaction and the influence of the gas phase mass transport on the performance of the porous nickel electrode in the molten carbonate electrolysis cell. The concentration gradients in the current collector are larger than in the electrode for the inlet gases not in equilibrium, due to the shift reaction taking place in the electrode. When the humidified gas compositions enter the current collector, the decrease of the shift reaction rate increases the electrode performance. The model well describes the polarization behavior of the Ni electrode in the electrolysis cell when the inlet gases have low contents of hydrogen. The mass-transfer limitations at low contents of water and carbon dioxide are captured in the model, but the effect on the electrode polarization, especially of carbon dioxide, is overestimated. Despite an overestimation in the calculations, the experimental data and the modeling results are still consistent in that carbon dioxide has a stronger effect on the gas phase mass transport than other components, i.e. water and hydrogen.
41.6 Gb/s RZ-DPSK to NRZ-DPSK format conversion in a microring resonator (2012)

RZ-DPSK to NRZ-DPSK format conversion in a silicon microring resonator is demonstrated experimentally for the first time at 41.6 Gb/s. The converted signal eye diagrams and bit-error-rate measurements show the good performance of the scheme.
Lansce RF system refurbishment (2007)

The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is in the planning phase of a refurbishment project that will sustain reliable facility operations well into the next decade. The LANSCE accelerator was constructed in the late 1960s and early 1970s and is a national user facility that provides pulsed protons and spallation neutrons for defense and civilian research and applications. The refurbishment will focus on systems that are approaching "end of life" and systems where modern upgrades hold the promise for significant operating cost savings. The current baseline consist of replacing all the 201 MHz RF systems, upgrading a substantial fraction of the 805 MHz RF systems to high efficiency klystrons, replacing the high voltage systems, and replacing the low level RF cavity field control systems. System designs will be presented. The performance improvements will be described and the preliminary cost and schedule estimates will be discussed.
Characterization of a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction by temperature dependent modulated photoluminescence (2015)

International audience
Reactivity of Iminophosphoranes. Formation of the Piperazine Ring (1995)

Abstract Reaction of 3‐azidopropyl methanesulfonate with triphenylphosphine produced the 1,4‐bis(triphenyl‐phosphino)piperazine 5 by intermolecular cyclization, instead of formation azidine derivatives by an intramolecular pathway. Structural formulation of 5 was achieved by both spectral and X‐ray crystal analysis. Hydrolysis of 5 under basic condition gives piperazine, whereas reaction of lithium diphenylphosphide with 5 produced 1,2‐bis(diphenyl‐phosphino)ethane (dppe) exclusively.
Compression Fatigue Response for Carbon Fiber With Conventional and Toughened Epoxy Matrices With Damage (1993)

This paper compares the open hole compression, compression after impact, compression fatigue of open hole specimens, and compression fatigue after impact response of quasi-isotropic laminates with IM7 carbon fiber and 3501-6 and 8551-7 epoxy matrices. These matrices can be considered to be a relatively brittle and a high-toughness resin, respectively. The objective was to establish whether the improved compression after impact response associated with high toughness matrices also held after fatigue loading. The results of impact and compression fatigue tests show that residual strengths of the toughened epoxy matrix system were approximately twice that of the brittle matrix system, and that fatigue resistance after impact and of open hole specimens was generally improved.
Role of hypothalamic interleukin-1β in fever induced by cecal ligation and puncture in rats (1998)

Bacterial endotoxin induces fever by causing the release of interleukin (IL)-1beta into the circulation or the brain. IL-1beta is believed to mediate fever via triggering the production and/or release of IL-6 in the hypothalamus. The present study examined whether IL-1beta and IL-6 in the hypothalamus of the rat are also involved in fever during bacterial sepsis caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). CLP induces fever for 2 days. Polyclonal rabbit antibody against rat IL-1beta (anti-IL-1beta, 2 microg/microl) or control rabbit IgG (2 microg/microl) was unilaterally microinjected into the hypothalamus of rats immediately after or 24 h after CLP or sham-CLP surgery. Anti-IL-1beta injected 24 h after CLP (when fever was already present) or sham-CLP surgery did not affect fever. Microinjection of anti-IL-1beta into the hypothalamus immediately after surgery caused a significant decrease in body temperature during the night after CLP surgery and a 48% reduction of fever on the following day. Although blood plasma levels of IL-6 were significantly elevated 1.5, 6, 24, and 48 h after CLP surgery, there were no differences in IL-6 concentrations in the extracellular fluid of the anterior hypothalamus (collected by push-pull perfusion). These data suggest that fever due to bacterial sepsis is initiated by IL-1beta within the hypothalamus, and this febrile response, unlike endotoxin-induced fever, is not accompanied by elevation in the hypothalamic concentration of IL-6.
Thienoisoindigo (TIIG)-based small molecules for the understanding of structure–property–device performance correlations (2015)

A series of small molecule semiconductors based on the recently conceived thienoisoindigo (TIIG) moiety and three end-capping moieties with varied electron-donating strength and conformations has been synthesized and utilized for organic photovoltaics (OPVs).
Dual-camera system for multi-level activity recognition (2005)

This paper describes a dual-camera system intended to accomplish the task of vision-based activity recognition at multiple resolutions. The system is comprised of a wide-angle, fixed field of view camera coupled with a computer-controlled pan/tilt/zoom-lens camera to make detailed measurements of people for activity recognition applications. We demonstrate the use of the system in both indoor and outdoor environments.
Development of EUV resists in supercritical CO 2 solutions using CO 2 compatible salts (CCS): results from a two-level full factorial design of experiments (DOE) (2006)

Direct development of EUV resists in homogeneous carbon dioxide (CO2) solutions containing CO2 compatible salts (CCS) has been demonstrated. These CCS complexes have been designed and prepared such that the anion and/or the cation of the salt contains at least one CO2-soluble portion. In the described method, standard positive tone EUV resists are processed in supercritical CO2 containing less than 20 mM CCS, at pressures ranging from 3500 to 5500 psi, 35 to 65 C with cycle times as short as 1 minute to give reverse image development. Substantial reduction in image collapse and LER/LWR has been observed; large aspect ratios approaching 10 have been measured in dense line/space features, and dense lines with 3 sigma LWR values that are 30% smaller than comparable TMAH developed samples have been observed. This paper will describe results from a two level full factorial design of experiments (DOE) using four factors. Two experimental samples were processed at each point, along with four center point runs to give a total of 36 experimental samples. An additional seven supplemental runs were also prepared. Responses measured for the DOE include half height resist thickness, resist height, contrast, iso/dense bias, aspect ratio of collapse, line edge roughness, and line profile. Details of how the responses were measured will be presented in the paper. Effects of individual factors on each response, along with the significant interactions between factors will be reported. An optimized parameter space will be selected and additional follow-up experiments will be described.
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor-based Therapeutics for Metabolic Liver Disease (2022)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) controls islet hormone secretion, gut motility, and body weight, supporting development of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. GLP-1RA exhibit a favorable safety profile and reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in people with T2D. Considerable preclinical data, supported by the results of clinical trials, link therapy with GLP-RA to reduction of hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis. Mechanistically, the actions of GLP-1 on the liver are primarily indirect, as hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and stellate cells do not express the canonical GLP-1R. GLP-1RA reduce appetite and body weight, decrease postprandial lipoprotein secretion, and attenuate systemic and tissue inflammation, actions that may contribute to attenuation of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Here we discuss evolving concepts of GLP-1 action that improve liver health and highlight evidence that links sustained GLP-1R activation in distinct cell types to control of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, and reduction of experimental and clinical nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The therapeutic potential of GLP-1RA alone, or in combination with peptide agonists, or new small molecule therapeutics is discussed in the context of potential efficacy and safety. Ongoing trials in people with obesity will further clarify the safety of GLP-1RA, and pivotal studies underway in people with NASH will define whether GLP-1-based medicines represent effective and safe therapies for people with MAFLD.
HAMR3: An autonomous 1.7g ambulatory robot (2011)

Here we present an autonomous 1.7g hexapod robot as a platform for research on centimeter-scale walking robots. It features six spherical five-bar linkages driven by high energy density piezoelectric actuators and onboard power and control electronics. This robot has achieved autonomous ambulation using an alternating tripod gait at speeds up to 0.9 body lengths per second, making this the smallest and lightest hexapod robot capable of autonomous locomotion.
Effects of Parity, Bacteriological Status, Stage of Lactation, and Dry Period on N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase Activity of Milk and Dry Secretion (1988)

Quarter foremilk samples from 61 cows were obtained at 1.5, 3, 21, and 35 wk of lactation and at 7 d after drying off. Measurements for each sample were milk SCC, NAGase activity in the milk and ability of milk to promote phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Milk SCC and NAGase were correlated (r = .62). The NAGase in dry cow secretion was 10-fold higher than in milk. Parity differences in NAGase activity were not significant. There were large stage of lactation trends in NAGase: NAGase activity was high in early lactation, decreased in midlactation, and increased in late lactation and in dry secretion. The increase in activity of the enzyme in milk of first parity cows in late lactation was not as great as in milk of second and third lactation cows. N-Acetyl-/3-D-glucosaminidase activity of milk from quarters with intramammary infections was higher than that of milk from quarters free of pathogens.
Constructing and engineering fatty acid metabolic pathways for the production of fuels and chemicals (2010)

Fatty acid biosynthesis creates highly-reduced hydrocarbons dubbed nature's petroleum. The pathway is responsible for products mostly used to build the lipid-bilayer of cell membranes, but also are implicated in cell signaling, brain function, and energy storage. As a source of natural hydrocarbons, we sought to exploit fatty acid biosynthesis for microbial production of a number of molecules including butanol, higher chain fatty alcohols, fatty acid ethyl esters (biodiesel), wax esters and long chain diacids. We attempted to exploit the two main forms of fatty acid biosynthesis, type I and II, which are characterized by single polypeptides that encode multiple reactions or single polypeptides that encode single reactions, respectively. The different types of fatty acid biosynthesis are found in comparing prokaryotes and eukaryotes, thus we engineered both Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our strategy for building and engineering a pathway is broadly applicable and consists of identifying requisite reactions and the enzymes that encode those reactions, expressing those enzymes in a single host, analyzing production levels of metabolites related to the pathway, generating a hypothesis that explains the system's behavior and re-perturbing it to test the hypothesis in an effort to more efficiently produce a molecule of interest. With this strategy we successfully constructed and engineered fatty acid pathways in E. coli and S. cerevisiae.