gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Methane, Ethane, and Their Binary Mixtures on MCM-41:  Experimental Evaluation of Methods for the Prediction of Adsorption Equilibrium (2002)

We report experimental measurements of the adsorption of methane and ethane, and binary mixtures of these components, on MCM-41. This adsorbent, which has a simple, regular pore structure and a chemically homogeneous surface, was used as a model system on which to evaluate methods for the prediction of adsorption equilibrium. Two methods were evaluated: ideal adsorbed solution theory and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation. Both methods gave accurate predictions of binary adsorption. In addition, the grand canonical Monte Carlo method was able to accurately predict pure-component adsorption.
An adaptive protocol for distributed beamforming (2011)

We study distributed adaptive beamforming in networks of wireless nodes. In particular, we observe that for the synchronisation of carrier phases, distinct algorithmic configurations are optimal in various environmental settings and propose a protocol that utilises organic computing principles to find optimum parameters. Furthermore, we study the impact of different modulation schemes on the bit error rate of a signal sequence transmitted collaboratively by distributed devices via adaptive beamforming.
A serious game for rehabilitation of neurological disabilities: Premilinary study (2015)

Usually the exercises defined in the physical therapy programs for patients with motor disabilities as a result of neurological disease are repetitive and boring. The design and implementation of pleasant environments and contexts to motivate the patients to continue their treatment are needed. Serious games appear as a suitable solution. Therefore, the development of a serious game for physiotherapy and monitoring of people with motor disabilities using image processing techniques is presented.
Lentiviral Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer in T Cells from Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome Patients Leads to Functional Correction (2004)

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked primary immunodeficiency with a median survival below the age of 20 due to infections, severe hemorrhage, and lymphomas. Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from HLA-identical sibling donors is a resolutive treatment, but is available for a minority of patients. Transplantation of genetically corrected autologous hematopoietic stem cells or T cells could represent an alternative treatment applicable to all patients. We investigated whether WAS gene transfer with MMLV-based oncoretroviral and HIV-based lentiviral vectors could restore normal functions of patients' T cells. T cells transduced either with lentiviral vectors expressing the WAS protein (WASP) from the ubiquitous PGK promoter or the tissue-specific WASP promoter or with an oncoretroviral vector expressing WASP from the LTR, reached normal levels of WASP with correction of functional defects, including proliferation, IL-2 production, and lipid raft upregulation. Lentiviral vectors transduced T cells from WAS patients at higher rates, compared to oncoretroviral vectors, and efficiently transduced both activated and naive WAS T cells. Furthermore, a selective growth advantage of T cells corrected with the lentiviral vectors was demonstrated. The observation that lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer results in correction of T cell defects in vitro supports their application for gene therapy in WAS patients.
Real-time road-scene classification based on a multiple-lane tracker (2003)

A vision-guided autonomous vehicle is taken as an example for studying problems related to real-time recognition and classification of well-marked highway scenes. An algorithm is proposed, that is able to detect and to track the vehicle's lane, to search for additional lanes, and to classify the localized lane markers as solid or broken. On this basis a symbolic scene description is generated including the number of available lanes, which is visualized as a bird's eye view. Also, results from real-time tests of the algorithm, implemented in the vision system BVV 3, with several different highway-scenes are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Silent volumetric multi-contrast 7 Tesla MRI of ocular tumors using Zero Echo Time imaging (2019)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become a valuable imaging modality in ophthalmology, especially for the diagnosis and treatment planning of patients with uveal melanoma, the most common primary intra-ocular tumor. We aim to develop and evaluate the value of silent Zero Echo Time (ZTE) MRI to image patients with ocular tumors at 7Tesla. Therefore, ZTE and different types of magnetization-prepared ZTE (FLAIR, SPIR, T2 and Saturation recovery), have been developed. After an initial validation with 7 healthy subjects, nine patients with an eye tumor have been evaluated. The ZTE scans were compared to their Cartesian equivalent in terms of contrast, motion-sensitivity, diagnostic quality and patient comfort. All volunteers and especially the patients reported a more comfortable experience during the ZTE scans, which had at least a 10 dB lower sound pressure. The image contrast in the native ZTE was poor, but in the different magnetization-prepared ZTE, the eye lens, cornea and retina were clearly discriminated. Overall the T2-prepared scan yielded the best contrast, especially between tumor and healthy tissue, and proved to be robust against eye motion. Although the intrinsic 3D nature of the ZTE-technique provides an accurate analysis of the tumor morphology, the quality of the ZTE-images is lower than their Cartesian equivalent. In conclusion, the quality of magnetization-prepared ZTE images is sufficient to assess the 3D tumor morphology, but insufficient for more detailed evaluations. As such this technique can be an option for patients who cannot comply with the sound-levels of Cartesian scans, but for other patients the conventional Cartesian scans offer a better image quality.
Amended Safety Assessment of Dodecylbenzenesulfonate, Decylbenzenesulfonate, and Tridecylbenzenesulfonate Salts as Used in Cosmetics (2010)

Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is one of a group of salts of alkylbenzene sulfonates used in cosmetics as surfactant-cleansing agents. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is soluble in water and partially soluble in alcohol, with dermal absorption dependent on pH. Dodecylbenzenesulfonate salts are not toxic in single-dose oral and dermal animal tests, and no systemic toxicities were observed in repeat-dose dermal animal studies. In dermal animal studies, no evidence of reproductive or developmental toxicity was reported. At 15% concentrations, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate was severely irritating to rabbit skin. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel concluded that the irritant properties of these ingredients are similar to those of other detergents, with severity dependent on concentration and pH. Products containing these ingredients should be formulated to ensure that the irritancy potential is minimized.
Enhanced activation of Notch signaling in peripheral blood T helper cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (99.21) (2009)

Abstract Expression of Notch homologues in local inflammation issue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cultured synoviocytes has been reported, but the expression profile of Notch-related molecules in peripheral lymphocyte in RA remains unclear. Here, the expression of Notch receptors in peripheral lymphocytes of RA patients was assessed by both flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression of Notch target gene HES-1, regulatory gene NUMB and Notch-ICD was determined by PCR and immunoblot. There was an increased expression of Notch 2, Notch 3 and Notch 4 in T helper cells from active RA patients among which increased Notch 3 was mainly expressed by activated T cells. Notably, Notch 3-expressing T cells decreased in inactive RA patients and the level was similar to that of healthy controls (HC). T helper cells from RA patients exhibited increased expression of target gene HES-1 but decreased expression of negative modulation gene NUMB of Notch signaling. There was also an increased nuclear translocation of Notch-ICD in active RA disease. The present study demonstrate that T helper cells from RA patients display significantly altered expression profile of Notch receptors and enhanced activation of Notch signaling compared with those from HC. This study was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China (30872335) and Society Development Foundation of Zhenjiang (SH2008035).
A rosette-type, self-renewing human ES cell-derived neural stem cell with potential for in vitro instruction and synaptic integration (2009)

An intriguing question in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) biology is whether these pluripotent cells can give rise to stably expandable somatic stem cells, which are still amenable to extrinsic fate instruction. Here, we present a pure population of long-term self-renewing rosette-type hESC-derived neural stem cells (lt-hESNSCs), which exhibit extensive self-renewal, clonogenicity, and stable neurogenesis. Although lt-hESNSCs show a restricted expression of regional transcription factors, they retain responsiveness to instructive cues promoting the induction of distinct subpopulations, such as ventral midbrain and spinal cord fates. Using lt-hESNSCs as a donor source for neural transplantation, we provide direct evidence that hESC-derived neurons can establish synaptic connectivity with the mammalian nervous system. Combining long-term stability, maintenance of rosette-properties and phenotypic plasticity, lt-hESNSCs may serve as useful tool to study mechanisms of human NSC self-renewal, lineage segregation, and functional in vivo integration.
γ-Fe 2 O 3 @carboxymethyl Cellulose as Potential Oral Nanomedicine for Iron Deficiency Anemia Treatment on Rats (2020)

Oral iron supplements such as ferrous iron salts are major treatment agents for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) due to the convenience of large dose administration and good patient compliance. However, the gastrointestinal adverse impact caused by Fe2+ stimulus and low bioavailability severely impedes its therapeutic effects. In recent years, it has been found that nano iron-based nanoparticles with high surface-to-volume ratio and low iron ion leakage can alleviate the toxic effect and improve the gastrointestinal absorbance. For further clinical development, nano materials need to meet the pharmaceutical quality demand. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a significant pharmaceutical ingredient applied in approved drug formulations, and polyglucosorbitol carboxymethylether (PSC) has been utilized in iron-based nanomedicine ferumoxytol synthesis, both of which can be firmly anchored on iron oxide by carboxyl chelation. In this work, iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) modified with CMC were designed and synthesized, and the structure composition and physicochemical properties were distinctly characterized. Oral supplement effects on rat IDA were investigated and compared with other recently reported iron supplements including NPs modified with PSC. Results show that the oral nano iron supplement achieved the recovery of hemoglobin and serum iron level in only two weeks with high safety. The nano iron oxide modified with pharmaceutical excipients provides new potential approach for oral iron supplement available in clinics.
The influence of Pavlovian cues on instrumental performance is mediated by CaMKII activity in the striatum (2007)

Pavlovian cues associated with reward exert a powerful motivational influence on the performance of goal-directed actions. This motivational process depends critically on the ventral striatum, although little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate it. In the current experiments we examined the role of calcium calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) by using transgenic mice that express a constitutively active form of this kinase. We found that controlled expression of active CaMKII in the striatum did not affect learning but did impair the motivation of goal-directed actions by Pavlovian cues associated with reward. Mutant mice learned to lever press for reward, remained sensitive to outcome devaluation and contingency degradation manipulations, and were able to acquire Pavlovian responses to cues paired with reward. However, Pavlovian cues were completely unable to motivate lever pressing in mutant mice. This was true even in mice trained with the CaMKII transgene turned off and then tested with it turned on. We were also able to suppress transgene expression in impaired mutants and fully restore the motivational effects of reward cues in these animals. Therefore, the current experiments demonstrate that normal CaMKII activity in the striatum is essential for the motivational effects of reward cues on goal-directed actions.
Boosting the performance of wireless communication systems: theory and practice of multiple-antenna techniques (2004)

Multiple-antenna systems, denoted multiple-input multiple-output systems, promise huge performance gains over conventional single-antenna systems. Many MIMO transmission schemes proposed in the literature are, however, based on idealized assumptions. Several effects that may occur in a practical system, such as intersymbol interference, nonperfect channel knowledge, fast fading, and correlation between the individual transmission paths, significantly influence system performance. On the basis of two particularly simple but nonetheless efficient MIMO transmission schemes, the above effects are illustrated, and possible countermeasures are discussed.
Hypothermic protection of ischemic heart: 13 C NMR substrate analysis (2007)

Mechanisms for changes in myocardial metabolism in hypothermic protection stay unclear, though substrate contribution into citric acid cycle (CAC) may play a role. Specifically, acetoacetate (AA) has been shown to have antioxidant capabilities. We studied hypothermic protection and substrate contribution into CAC in heart. Isolated rat hearts formed 3 groups: control ( C , 37°C, n=5), ischemic ( IS , 37°C, n=5) and hypothermic ischemic ( HIS , 28°C, n=3). HIS hearts were held at 28°C 25 min prior to and during 45 min cardioplegic arrest, after which all ischemic hearts were reperfused in 37°C. Perfusate included physiological concentrations of 13 C labeled substrates: 1,3‐AA, 3‐lactate, U‐mixed free fatty acids, unlabeled glucose. 13 C NMR isotopomer analysis yielded fractional contributions (Fc) of substrates to CAC. HIS hearts tended to have a higher left ventricular developed pressure, pressure rate product and oxygen consumption at 35 min of reperfusion vs. IS . Fc of AA tended to increase in IS vs. C (0.33±0.02, 0.27±0.02, respectively). However, Fc of AA in HIS (0.25±0.03) was similar to C . Hypothermia improved cardiac function with C levels of AA Fc. Increased AA oxidation in IS might hinder detoxification of hydrogen peroxide produced by ischemia causing myocardial injury. These results suggest a link between AA oxidation and hypothermic protection. Support: NIH HL60666.
A 3.4 &#x2013; 6.2 GHz Continuously tunable electrostatic MEMS resonator with quality factor of 460&#x2013;530 (2009)

In this paper we present the first MEMS electrostatically-tunable loaded-cavity resonator that simultaneously achieves a very high continuous tuning range of 6.2 GHz:3.4 GHz (1.8:1) and quality factor of 460–530 in a volume of 18×30×4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> including the actuation scheme and biasing lines. The operating principle relies on tuning the capacitance of the loaded-cavity by controlling the gap between an electrostatically-actuated membrane and the cavity post underneath it. Particular attention is paid on the fabrication of the tuning mechanism in order to avoid a) quality factor degradation due to the biasing lines and b) hysteresis and creep issues. A single-crystal silicon membrane coated with a thin gold layer is the key to the success of the design.
A message ferrying approach for data delivery in sparse mobile ad hoc networks (2004)

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) provide rapidly deployable and self-configuring network capacity required in many critical applications, e.g., battlefields, disaster relief and wide area sensing. In this paper we study the problem of efficient data delivery in sparse MANETs where network partitions can last for a significant period. Previous approaches rely on the use of either long range communication which leads to rapid draining of nodes' limited batteries, or existing node mobility which results in low data delivery rates and large delays. In this paper, we describe a Message Ferrying (MF) approach to address the problem. MF is a mobility-assisted approach which utilizes a set of special mobile nodes called message ferries (or ferries for short) to provide communication service for nodes in the deployment area. The main idea behind the MF approach is to introduce non-randomness in the movement of nodes and exploit such non-randomness to help deliver data. We study two variations of MF, depending on whether ferries or nodes initiate proactive movement. The MF design exploits mobility to improve data delivery performance and reduce energy consumption in nodes. We evaluate the performance of MF via extensive ns simulations which confirm the MF approach is efficient in both data delivery and energy consumption under a variety of network conditions.
The Effect of Gelling Agent Type and Concentration on Flavor Release in Model Systems (1996)

Differences in flavor perception are sometimes observed when product stabilization systems are altered. To verify this hypothesis, the flavor release of three fruit flavored gels at three gel strengths was examined using analytical and sensory methodologies. Three fruit flavors of different chemical classes, i.e. cherry (aromatic aldehyde), citrus (monoterpene), and grape (ethyl ester), and gelling agents with different chemical structures (gelatin, starch, carrageenan) were selected to study the effect of chemical interaction on flavor release. Flavor perception of gels composed of three flavor/stabilizer combinations was evaluated at low, medium and firm gel strengths to examine the role rheology played in flavor release. A trained sensory panel was used to measure flavor intensity difference among samples. The model gels were analyzed via quantitative dynamic headspace analysis using a sample preparation technique that simulated flavor release in the mouth. Sensory and analytical data were correlated. A decrease in flavor perception was observed with increase in gel strength. Perceived flavor intensity was also found to be dependent on the type of gelling agent.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Mast Cell 5-Lipoxygenase Activity Promotes Intestinal Polyposis in APC<sup>Δ468</sup> Mice (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Mast Cell 5-Lipoxygenase Activity Promotes Intestinal Polyposis in APC&lt;sup&gt;Δ468&lt;/sup&gt; Mice
Diode laser and fiber optics for dual-wavelength heterodyne interferometry (1990)

Interferometric systems in general are sensitive with the wavelength of the optical signal. For many applications this extreme sensitivity is of hindrance instead of help. Dual-wavelength interferometry employs two adjacent laser lines and X 2and uses the beat frequencybetween both signals. Thus, sensitivity and ambiguity are reduced from the optical wavelength X to a "synthetic" wavelength (formula available on paper). Dual-wavelength interferometry was previously applied by TiZiani' for surface inspection and by Dändliker et aL2 for superheterodyne range measurements. Our approach was to replace the commonly used gas lasers by semiconductor lasers (to reduce volume and weight) and to use optical fibers for the signal distribution (to be more compact and to get rid of alignment and optical cross-talk problems). A demonstration model for precise ranging to 10 m distant, reflective and rough targets was built and tested.
2-1 redundant addition with threshold logic (2002)

We investigate threshold based networks performing 2-1 addition using redundant binary operand representations. In particular we concern with establishing the networks with the smallest network depth assuming small weight and fan-in values. First we propose a depth-4 implementation and we show that the 2-1 addition can be computed by a threshold network with the size in the order of O(n) and with O(1) weight and fan-in values. Consequently, we prove that the network depth can be reduced to 2 and yet maintain the O(n) size and O(1) weight and fan-in asymptotic complexities.
Air pollution and mortality in Europe (2014)

of oil and gas development to include. For example, it might be important for health impact assessments to include the long-term implications of waste disposal, fugitive methane emissions, and other legacies with implications for human health, as opposed to analyses of only environmental and public health risks during active development. Given the diversity of stakeholders, the technical challenges, and the different stages of development of the fracking industry between regions and countries, there is a need to share data and lessons that have been learned. Climate policies and declining fuel reserves will drive substantial changes in energy policy in the coming decades. Shale gas development shares many science policy questions with other proposed energy alternatives and, therefore, provides a good case study into the different factors at play and associated challenges. Locally, nationally, and globally, costs and benefits of new energy options need to be assessed quickly. Public health professionals have a role in informing decisions about fracking in the UK and in monitoring to ensure that, if it does proceed, “operational best practices are implemented and enforced through regulation”.
A Consensus Method for the Prediction of ‘Aggregation-Prone’ Peptides in Globular Proteins (2013)

The purpose of this work was to construct a consensus prediction algorithm of 'aggregation-prone' peptides in globular proteins, combining existing tools. This allows comparison of the different algorithms and the production of more objective and accurate results. Eleven (11) individual methods are combined and produce AMYLPRED2, a publicly, freely available web tool to academic users (http://biophysics.biol.uoa.gr/AMYLPRED2), for the consensus prediction of amyloidogenic determinants/'aggregation-prone' peptides in proteins, from sequence alone. The performance of AMYLPRED2 indicates that it functions better than individual aggregation-prediction algorithms, as perhaps expected. AMYLPRED2 is a useful tool for identifying amyloid-forming regions in proteins that are associated with several conformational diseases, called amyloidoses, such as Altzheimer's, Parkinson's, prion diseases and type II diabetes. It may also be useful for understanding the properties of protein folding and misfolding and for helping to the control of protein aggregation/solubility in biotechnology (recombinant proteins forming bacterial inclusion bodies) and biotherapeutics (monoclonal antibodies and biopharmaceutical proteins).