gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of carbon and nitrogen sources on the lipid accumulation and arachidonic acid production by Mortierella alpina (1993)

Abstract Carbon and nitrogen influence the lipid accumulation and arachidonic acid production by Mortierella alpina CCF 185 cultivated at 28°C for 7 days on a rotary shaker. The fungus grown with glucose, starch or dextrin as the carbon source produced satisfactory amounts of lipid and arachidonic acid. The maximum arachidonic acid values were obtained on media with yeast extract or NaNO 3 as the nitrogen source. The C/N ratio of 40:1 resulted in the highest yields of lipid and arachidonic acid with different amounts of NaNO 3 concentration.
Binding of Levonorgestrel, Norethisterone and Desogestrel to Human Sex Hormone Binding Globulin and Influence on Free Testosterone Levels (1989)

The progestogens desogestrel, levonorgestrel, lynestrenol and norethisterone are known to display certain androgenic effects. Apart from direct androgen receptor interaction, binding to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and displacement of testosterone could lead to an increase in free, metabolically active testosterone. The affinities for SHBG binding of some progestogens including levonorgestrel, norethisterone and the active metabolite of desogestrel, 3-keto-desogestrel, were compared using an equilibrium partition method, and the distribution between free and protein-bound testosterone during progestogen therapy was calculated with the use of a computer program. During treatment with desogestrel, levonorgestrel and norethisterone alone, testosterone displacement could account for a slight increase in free testosterone, though the decrease in serum SHBG following treatment was found to be more important in this respect. Also during treatment with combinations of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel for oral contraception, testosterone displacement could theoretically have a slight influence on free testosterone levels. Combinations with ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel or norethisterone, on the other hand, cause an increase in SHBG concentration and as a result a fall in free testosterone which could not be compensated via testosterone displacement.
Spectral normalization in dual-comb spectroscopy of acetylene using a sealed gas cell and a liquid nitrogen trap (2021)

We demonstrate spectral normalization in dual-comb spectroscopy of acetylene using a sealed gas cell and liquid nitrogen trap. The normalized spectra of the P- and R-branches of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> vibration band of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi/> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> were observed at a comb repetition rate of 19.8 MHz. We also observed instantaneous pressure changes inside the cell during the cooling of the liquid nitrogen trap, with different averaging times.
Articular Cartilage in the Knee: Current MR Imaging Techniques and Applications in Clinical Practice and Research (2011)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the most important imaging modality for the evaluation of traumatic or degenerative cartilaginous lesions in the knee. It is a powerful noninvasive tool for detecting such lesions and monitoring the effects of pharmacologic and surgical therapy. The specific MR imaging techniques used for these purposes can be divided into two broad categories according to their usefulness for morphologic or compositional evaluation. To assess the structure of knee cartilage, standard spin-echo (SE) and gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequences, fast SE sequences, and three-dimensional SE and GRE sequences are available. These techniques allow the detection of morphologic defects in the articular cartilage of the knee and are commonly used in research for semiquantitative and quantitative assessments of cartilage. To evaluate the collagen network and proteoglycan content in the knee cartilage matrix, compositional assessment techniques such as T2 mapping, delayed gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of cartilage (or dGEMRIC), T1ρ imaging, sodium imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging are available. These techniques may be used in various combinations and at various magnetic field strengths in clinical and research settings to improve the characterization of changes in cartilage.
<title>Semi-vector error diffusion for color images</title> (1998)

Color error diffusion can be classified into two types, namely, vector error diffusion and scalar error diffusion, according to the underlying quantization methods. Compared to scalar error diffusion, vector error diffusion is superior in image quality. However, it requires significantly more computation, and can introduce artifacts due to accumulation of the errors in output device space. In this paper, we propose a new quantization algorithm for CMY color error diffusion. The algorithm, which we call semi- vector quantization, has a low computational complexity and a high stability as similar to scalar error diffusion, but yields superb quality images close to those generated from vector error diffusion.
Geografický ústav Ruské akademie věd dnes (2011)

V roce 2008 oslavil Geografický ustav Ruske akademie věd v Moskvě 80 let sve existence. V soucasnosti zaměstnava 200 pracovniků. Ustav ma 15 dilcich vědeckých pracovisť. Tři z nich jsou oddělenimi: fyzicke geografie a problematiky využiti přirody, glaciologie a socialně ekonomicke geografie. Ostatni tvoři užeji specializovane laboratoře, např. evolucni geografie (přibližně postihuje oblast paleogeografie), klimatologie, hydrologie, geomorfologie, kartografie, geografie a vývoje půd, biogeografie, geografie světoveho rozvoje, geopolitickeho výzkumu, experimentalniho výzkumu geosystemů (m.j. disponuje Kurskou biosferickou stanici), geoinformacniho výzkumu, monitoringu biochemických cyklů znecisťujicich latek aj. Ustavu patři dobře vybavena knihovna, vědecký archiv, informacni středisko, koordinacni středisko, vzdělavaci středisko pro aspiranty a doktorandy. Odborne aktivity Geografickeho ustavu Ruske akademie věd v Moskvě tak pokrývaji cele spektrum geografických věd, jak v oblasti analýzy, tak geograficke syntezy. Rovněž regionalni rozsah aktivit je znacný. Týka se nejen uzemi Ruske federace a tzv. postsovětskeho prostoru (Arktida, Pamir, Ťansan, Aralske jezero), ale saha i do dalsich světadilů (Mongolsko, Vietnam,a na světove oceany).
Preliminary Study on Keratinase from Two Indonesian Isolates (2011)

Keratinases (E.C.3.4.99.11) constitute a group of enzymes capable of disrupting the highly stable keratin structure consisting of disulphide, hydrogen, and hydrophobic bonds in the form of α-helices and β-sheets B. licheniformis MB-2 and Bacillus sp. MTS are two feather-degrading bacteria isolated from Tompaso crater at North Sulawesi and sulfuric land around Tangkuban Perahu in West Java. They were both capable of breaking down whole chicken feathers. In addition both isolates were capable of degrading other proteinous substrates rich in beta structure such as coccon, silk, human hair and fish scales. Result of fermentation experiment implied that addition of nitrogen sources (0.02% yeast extract and 0.02% tryptone) to the basal medium increased keratinase production. Our experiments showed that keratinase production of Bacillus sp. MTS was higher and faster than that from B. licheniformis MB-2. Maximum extracellular keratinase activity of the enzyme derived from B. licheniformis was obtained during stationary phase at 72 h, while Bacillus sp. MTS was reached at 48 h. Disulfide reductase activity also detected in the extracellular fluid of Bacillus sp. MTS. The maximum condition for extracellular keratinase activity was 55oC and the enzyme showed two maximum pHs : pH 8.0 and pH 10. The zymogram analysis indicated sixth protein bands of 17, 25, 32, 53, 96 and 122 kD which were able to hydrolyze gelatin substrate in-situ. (Animal Production 12(1): 60-68 (2010)Key Words : Bacillus, feather, keratinase, disulfide reductase
YABBY Polarity Genes Mediate the Repression of KNOX Homeobox Genes in Arabidopsis (2002)

The YABBY (YAB) genes specify abaxial cell fate in lateral organs in Arabidopsis. Loss-of-function mutants in two early-expressing YAB genes, FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (FIL) and YAB3, do not exhibit vegetative phenotypes as a result of redundancy. Mutations in these genes result in the derepression of the KNOX homeobox genes SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM), BREVIPEDICELLUS, and KNAT2 in the leaves and in the partial rescue of stm mutants. Here, we show that fil yab3 double mutants exhibit ectopic meristem formation on the adaxial surfaces of cotyledons and leaf blades. We propose that in addition to abaxial specification, lateral organ development requires YAB function to downregulate KNOTTED homeobox genes so that meristem initiation and growth are restricted to the apex.
AudiCom: a video analysis system for auditing commercial broadcasts (2003)

Commercials are very important in TV broadcasts. Many enterprises invest large amounts of money in TV publicity and governments dictate pertinent regulations to preserve consumer's rights. AudiCom is a system that detects the broadcast of previously learned commercials and collects some interesting information about them. It is based on a new scene break detection operator that relies on the colors around the edges of the frames, and on the compaction of the information contained in the different shots that constitute the commercials. This compaction is obtained using principal component analysis (PCA) of the color histogram of a representative frame of every shot.
Quantifying the role of defects in monolayer graphene diffusion barriers (2021)

We quantify the mechanisms for diffusion in Mn/graphene/semiconductor
heterostructures, as a function of the defects induced by graphene sample
preparation. These heterostructures are important for applications in
spintronics; however, challenges in synthesizing graphene directly on
technologically important substrates such as GaAs necessitate layer transfer
steps, which can introduce defects into the graphene. \textit{In-situ}
photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveal that graphene grown directly on
a Ge substrate reduces the diffusion coefficient by a factor of 1000 compared
to samples without graphene ($D_{gr,direct} \sim 4\times10^{-18}$cm$^2$/s,
$D_{no-gr} \sim 5 \times 10^{-15}$ cm$^2$/s at 500$^\circ$C). Transferred
graphene on Ge suppresses diffusion by a factor of 10 compared to no graphene
($D_{gr,transfer} \sim 4\times 10^{-16}cm^2/s$). For both transferred and
directly-grown graphene, the low activation energy ($E_a \sim 0.1-0.5$ eV)
suggests that Mn diffusion through graphene occurs primarily at graphene
defects and the diffusivity prefactor $D_0$ scales with the defect
density.Similar diffusion barrier performance is found on GaAs substrates;
however, it is not currently possible to grow graphene directly on GaAs. Our
results highlight the importance of developing graphene growth directly on
functional substrates, to avoid the damage induced by layer transfer.
The three A symmetry Raman modes of kesterite in Cu_2ZnSnSe_4 (2013)

We investigate CZTSe films by polarization dependent Raman spectroscopy. The main peaks at 170 cm(-1), and 195 cm(-1) are found to have A symmetry. The Raman signal at 170 cm(-1) is found to be composed of two modes at 168 cm(-1) and 172 cm(-1). We attribute these three Raman peaks to the three A symmetry modes predicted for kesterite ordered Cu(2)ZnSnSe(4). The main Raman peak is asymmetrically broadened towards lower energies. Possible sources of the broadening are tested through temperature and depth dependent measurements. The broadening is attributed to phonon confinement effects related to the presence of lattice defects.
Some Lewis acid-catalysed reactions between 2,2,2-trichloroethyl 6-diazopenicillanate and ketones (1986)

In the presence of boron trifluoride–diethyl ether, 6-diazopenicillanate (1) and acetone, cyclopentanone, and acetophenone, gave mixtures of 6α-alkyl-6β-acylpenicillanates and thiazolo-oxazinones, which had been formed via C(5)–C(6) bond cleavage.
Lysine 152 of MuLV Reverse Transcriptase Is Required for the Integrity of the Active Site (2002)

Comparison of the three-dimensional structure of the active sites of MuLV and HIV-1 reverse transcriptases shows the presence of a lysine residue (K152) in the substrate-binding region in MuLV RT, while its equivalent position in HIV-1 RT is occupied by a glycine (G112). To investigate the role of K152 in the mechanism of the polymerase reaction catalyzed by MuLV RT, four mutant RTs, namely, K152A, K152R, K152E, and K152G, were generated and biochemically characterized. All muteins exhibited reduced polymerase activity on both RNA and DNA template-primers with K152E being the most defective. The template-primer binding affinity and the processivity of DNA synthesis, however, remained unchanged. The steady-state kinetic characterization showed little change in K(m.dNTP) (except for that of K152E) and an approximately 3-10-fold decrease in k(cat) depending upon the template-primer and mutational substitutions. The ddNTP resistance patterns were unchanged for all muteins, suggesting no participation of K152 in ddNTP recognition. The ability of individual muteins to add dNTP on the covalently cross-linked enzyme-template-primer complex was significantly decreased. These results together with the analysis of the ion pairs in the catalytic apparatus of MuLV RT suggest that K152 participates in maintaining the integrity of the active site of MuLV RT. Examination of the prepolymerase ternary complex formation showed that neither the wild type nor any of the K152 muteins of MuLV RT are capable of forming stable ternary complexes. This property is in contrast to that of HIV-1 RT, which readily forms stable ternary complexes under similar conditions. These results further indicate that the catalytic mechanism of MuLV RT is significantly different from that of HIV-1 RT, despite the presence of a number of conserved motifs and amino acid residues.
Variations in Proton Therapy Coverage in the State of Texas: Defining Medical Necessity for a Safe and Effective Treatment (2015)

Payors and PSs have independent and nonstandardized processes for determining PBT coverage, which result in variations in both coverage and evidence cited. These differences can lead to clinical inefficiencies and may reduce access to PBT based on payor status rather than clinical utility. A collaborative approach among all stakeholders would help create a more consistent, equitable, and patient-centered PBT policy that could identify areas for further evidence development.
Detection ofHelminthosporium solanifrom soil and plant tissue with species-specific PCR primers (1998)

Two PCR primer pairs specific for Helminthosporium solani, which causes silver scurf on potato tubers, were designed from nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions of H. solani. Both primer pairs amplified a single product with DNA from 48 North American and European isolates of H. solani, but not with DNA from 42 other fungi. Primers also amplified a single product with DNA extracted from silver scurf lesions on potato tubers and other plant tissue inoculated with spores of H. solani. Detection of the fungus in infested soil was only possible with nested PCR and after processing soil with a bead beater. Specific amplification of H. solani DNA can be used to study the saprophytic and pathogenic activity of this fungus in soil and plant tissue.
Effect of Polysaccharides from Ganoderma applanatum on Immune Responses (1979)

Abstract Prior intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral administration of the polysaccharide preparation from a kind of mushroom, Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. of Basidiomycetes , exerted an enhancing effect on the induction of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to protein antigen as measured by the footpad reaction (FPR), and expanded the size of T cell memory for the IgG antibody response. One of the active principles was partially purified and found to be associated with a polysaccharide‐rich fraction. The induction of DH was enhanced by treatment with an appropriate dose of the mushroom extract, whereas increasing the dose resulted in almost complete loss of the enhancing activity. The mechanism for the enhancing effect of the mushroom extract on the induction of DH was explored by the adoptive cell transfer technique. Although an i.p. injection of methylated bacterial α‐amylase (M‐BαA) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) has been found to generate in the spleen the antigen‐specific suppressor T cells capable of inhibiting the induction of DH 5 days after immunization, the same treatment of mice given prior injections of the mushroom extract did not raise the suppressor cell activity, but transfer of these spleen cells (6 × 10 7 ) into syngeneic recipient mice which had been primed with a subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of M‐BαA in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) resulted in substantial amplification of the expression of DH. The absence of effector T cells for DH in the transferred spleen cells was confirmed by the failure to transfer DH into cyclophosphamide (CY)‐treated mice with the amplifying cells. The amplifying activity was antigen‐nonspecific and mediated by cells sensitive to treatment with anti‐θ antiserum plus complement. Therefore, the nonspecific enhancing effect of the mushroom extract could not be explained by the possibility that pretreatment with the extract eliminated the antigen‐specific suppressor T cells. Other adoptive cell transfer experiments revealed that nylon wool‐passed cells from mice unprimed but treated with the mushroom extract were able to exert an enhancing activity on the expression of effector T cells in DH. The results indicate that the treatment with an appropriate dose of the extract enhances the induction of DH by activation of the nonspecific amplifier T cells.
The Importance of Xylan for the Strength Properties of Spruce Kraft Pulp Fibres (2001)

Summary In this work the role of xylan in spruce kraft pulp fibres was investigated by selectively removing the pulp fibre xylan and also by sorbing xylan onto the pulp fibres. The effects of xylan removal and sorption on fibre properties were measured and the chemical composition of the fibres and also that of the selectively removed xylans was analyzed. According to the results the xylanase could act on both sorbed and native xylan located on accessible fibre surfaces. Xylan was found to affect the strength properties of handsheets. The location and the charge of xylan had a considerable impact on the formation of interfibre bonds. Scott Bond-values correlated with the amount of surface xylan on fibre surfaces, whereas tensile strength was affected by the total amount of xylan and particularly by the total charge of the fibres. The fracture energy was determined by the combined effect of interfibre bonding ability and effective fibre length.
Cost-Effective DWDM ROADM Design for Flexible Sustainable Optical Metro–Access Networks (2017)

Architectural changes are required for the underlying networks to support the expected Internet data traffic volume growth caused by the popularization of cloud services, 5G-based services, and social networks, to provide a highly dynamic connectivity. Cost-effective and energy-efficient solutions for flexible network subsystems are required to provide future sustainable networks. In this paper, we present a cost-effective dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) design enabling optical metro&#x2013;access networks convergence. The cost-effective DWDM ROADM capabilities also have been assessed in an ultradense wavelength multiplexing (u-DWDM) ring network scenario. In particular, achievable network throughput has been considered.
Honokiol protects skin cells against inflammation, collagenolysis, apoptosis, and senescence caused by cigarette smoke damage (2017)

Honokiol protects both HFF-1 and HaCat against cigarette smoke-induced inflammation, collagenolysis, apoptosis, and senescence.
Performance analysis of credit re-authorization schemes in UMTS online charging system (2007)

In 3GPP Release 6, the IP-based Online Charging System (OCS) is defined to support online charging for General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and IP Multimedia core network Subsystem (IMS) services. During an online charging GPRS session, a number of mid-session events, such as Quality of Service (QoS) could dynamically affect the rating of the in-progress service. When such events occur, the GPRS support node needs to re-authorize the granted credit units with the OCS. If the change of QoS occurs frequently,the signaling load incurred by the re-authorization procedure increases heavily. In this paper, we propose a threshold-based scheme with parameter δ to reduce the traffic signaling for credit reauthorization procedure. By selecting an appropriate δ value, our study indicates that the signaling overhead in the OCS can be significantlyreduced while the inaccuracy of the credit informationinsignificantly increases. Based on our model, the mobile operator can choose appropriate parameter values in the threshold-based scheme for various traffic conditions.
Radioelectric brain stimulation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with comorbid major depression in a psychiatric hospital: a pilot study (2011)

These results indicate a role for REAC brain stimulation in the management of psychiatric conditions, specifically, GAD-MD comorbidity. REAC treatments are synergistic to drug therapy and appear to be helpful in reducing the side effects of medication. Future studies should evaluate the long-term effects of REAC treatment.
In vivo biostability of polyether polyurethanes with fluoropolymer surface modifying endgroups: Resistance to biologic oxidation and stress cracking (2006)

A series of Shore 80A polyether polyurethanes were synthesized with from 0 to 6% fluoropolymer surface modifying endgroups (SME) to provide the bulk properties of the polyurethane with the surface properties of the fluoropolymer. It was theorized that the fluoropolymer would migrate to the surface, forming a monolayer barrier to the oxidants and crack-driving agents released by macrophages and foreign body giant cells in vivo. In a 12-week biostability screening test, samples strained to 400% elongation appeared to be highly stable. In a longer-term study, the fluoropolymer SME significantly delayed, but did not completely prevent the onset of microcracking and the development of environmental stress cracking in strained samples. Even so, the 4 and 6% SME polymers explanted at 2 years performed significantly better than the control. FTIR analysis did not correlate with SME concentration, but increased hydrogen-bonding index and loss of aliphatic ether (autoxidation) did correlate with the visual appearance and density of microcracks. Significant molecular weight reductions were seen for the SME-free control, but were small (within instrumental error) for the polymers with SME. The use of fluoropolymer as a SME does appear to be warranted as a means to improve polyether polyurethane biostability.