gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chlorosulfenylation-dehydrochlorination reactions. New and improved methodology for the synthesis of unsaturated aryl sulfides and aryl sulfones (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChlorosulfenylation-dehydrochlorination reactions. New and improved methodology for the synthesis of unsaturated aryl sulfides and aryl sulfonesPaul B. Hopkins and Philip L. FuchsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 6, 1208–1217Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00400a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00400a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1710Altmetric-Citations184LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Real-Time FPGA-Based Implementation of Digital Predistorters for Fully Digital MIMO Transmitters (2023)

This paper presents the hardware implementation of a real-time digital predistorter (DPD) for fully digital multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmitters. The predistorter is comprised of a dual-input single-output (DISO) DPD module for each chain and a shared crosstalk and mismatch (CTMM) module that estimates the reflected wave back into each PA. The proposed real-time DPD is a DISO piece-wise linear (PWL) model implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and achieves a linearization bandwidth up to 1.2 GHz at a clock rate of 300 MHz. The real-time DPD engine is demonstrated on a four-chain MIMO testbed and validated against a PC-based DPD engine. The FPGA-based DISO DPD performs within 1 dB ACPR of the PC-based implementation and achieves a similar root-normalized-mean-square error (RNMSE) of 1.59%.
RGB Magnetophotonic Crystals for High-contrast Magnetooptical Spatial Light Modulators (2019)

Magnetooptical spatial light modulators (MOSLMs) are photonic devices that encode information in photonic waveforms by changing their amplitude and phase using magnetooptical Faraday or Kerr rotation. Despite the progress on both MO materials and switching methods, significant improvements on materials engineering and SLM design are needed for demonstrating low-power, multicolor, analog and high-contrast MOSLM devices. In this study, we present design rules and example designs for a high-contrast and large figure-of-merit MOSLM using three-color magnetophotonic crystals (MPC). We demonstrate for the first time, a three-defect MPC capable of simultaneously enhancing Faraday rotation, and high-contrast modulation at three fundamental wavelengths of red, green and blue (RGB) within the same pixel. We show using 2D finite-difference time-domain simulations that bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet films are promising for low-loss and high Faraday rotation MOSLM device in the visible band. Faraday rotation and loss spectra as well as figure-of-merit values are calculated for different magnetophotonic crystals of the form (H/L)<sup>p</sup>/(D/L)<sup>q</sup>/(H/L)<sup>p</sup>. After an optimization of layer thicknesses and MPC configuration, Faraday rotation values were found to be between 20-55° for losses below 20 dB in an overall thickness less than 1.5 µm including three submicron garnet defect layers. The experimental demonstration of our proposed 3-color MOSLM devices can enable bistable photonic projectors, holographic displays, indoor visible light communication devices, photonic beamforming for 5 G telecommunications and beyond.
Some electromagnetic aspects of coreless PCB transformers (2000)

In this paper, some EMI aspects of using coreless PCB transformers are addressed. Based on the antennas theory, the radiated power of a coreless PCB transformer is estimated and found to be negligible. The electromagnetic field plot of a power electronic circuit using a gate drive circuit isolated by a coreless PCB transformer has been recorded. The major radiated EMI source in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 300 MHz is found to be the copper tracks of the power circuit, where switching transients occur, rather than the coreless PCB transformer. Coreless PCB transformers essentially operate at relatively low frequency (8 MHz in this case) by near-field magnetic coupling. Experimental results have confirmed that the application of coreless PCB transformer in gate drive circuit will not impose any serious EMI problem on the power electronic circuit.
A 400-Msample/s, 6-b CMOS folding and interpolating ADC (1998)

A 400-Msample/s, 6-bit CMOS folding and interpolating analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is described. A low-impedance current-mode approach is adopted. Current-division interpolation incorporated within the folders allows fast operation and is compatible with low supply voltages. This interpolation scheme, together with a short aperture comparator, gives good performance for input frequencies up to one-quarter of the sampling rate without using a sample and hold. For simplicity, the ADC uses only a single clock and its complement. The device is implemented in a 0.5 /spl mu/m BiCMOS technology using only CMOS devices. The converter occupies 0.6 mm/sup 2/ and dissipates 200 mW from a 3.2 V supply.
Increase of Boron Ion Beam Current Extracted from a Multi-Cusp Ion Source in an Ion Doping System with Mass Separation (2008)

A multi‐cusp ion source with large area extraction area has a capacity to extract high current ion beams. However it is difficult to obtain high current boron ion beams from boron trifluoride plasma as input power density is low and BF2+ is a main ion species. It was found that fluoride ion currents were selectively decreased by applying positive potential to a plasma electrode with respect to a plasma chamber. Using this method to a multi‐cusp ion source with adequate magnet configuration, high current boron ion beams of 500 μA/cm were obtained.
<title>Long-term stability of ion-sensitive field effect transistors: Si<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula>N<formula><inf><roman>4</roman></inf></formula>, Al<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula>O<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula>, and Ta<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula>O<formula><inf><roman>5</roman></inf></formula> membranes drift</title> (1995)

Long-term stability of ion sensitive field effect transistors with inorganic membranes, dependent on the time drift phenomena is analyzed. The results presented in the paper relate to the Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>, Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> membranes pH-ISFETs drift with the respect to the following parameters: sensitivity, linearity, linear time drift coefficient of threshold voltage and hysteresis.
Making music pay [digital music distribution] (2001)

The author argues that free Napster-style music sharing is on its way out. He believes that the future of digital music distribution will be determined by consumers voting with their purses for a single, or at most two, systems, just as they did with videotape formats and PC operating systems. Napster offered immediate gratification; regaining it will cost some privacy as well as money. As companies like Microsoft come to know all about us-not just our choices in music and films, but about our finances and even personal location-we may long for a pre-digital day. Meanwhile, you may think you are buying the right to play a song at will. In truth, as digital music payment systems emerge, you will only be buying the right to play it on devices that recognize that right and have the software to play it.
Matrix metalloproteinases and skeletal muscle: A brief review (2004)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc- dependent proteolytic enzymes that function mainly in the extracellular matrix, where they contribute to the development, functioning, and pathology of a wide range of tissues. This mini-review describes the MMPs and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in skeletal muscle, and considers their involvement in muscle development, ischemia, myonecrosis, angiogenesis, denervation, exercise-induced injuries, disuse atrophy, muscle repair and regeneration, and inflammatory myopathies and dystrophies. Despite the very limited information currently available on MMPs and their inhibitors in skeletal muscle, it is becoming increasingly clear that they have important physiological functions in maintenance of the integrity and homeostasis of muscle fibers and of the extracellular matrix. Understanding the roles of MMPs and TIMPs may lead to the development of new drug-related treatments for various muscle disorders based on suppression or upregulation of their expression.
A modern Bayesian look at the multi‐armed bandit (2010)

Abstract A multi‐armed bandit is an experiment with the goal of accumulating rewards from a payoff distribution with unknown parameters that are to be learned sequentially. This article describes a heuristic for managing multi‐armed bandits called randomized probability matching , which randomly allocates observations to arms according the Bayesian posterior probability that each arm is optimal. Advances in Bayesian computation have made randomized probability matching easy to apply to virtually any payoff distribution. This flexibility frees the experimenter to work with payoff distributions that correspond to certain classical experimental designs that have the potential to outperform methods that are ‘optimal’ in simpler contexts. I summarize the relationships between randomized probability matching and several related heuristics that have been used in the reinforcement learning literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Congenital Fenestration of the Palate: A Case of Embryologic Syzygy (2006)

Congenital fenestration of the secondary palate is the rarest type of facial cleft. Of the 26 putative cases in the literature, only 5 had confirmation of the cleft during the neonatal period. This report documents such a cleft in an infant and presents the likely pathogenesis.
Voice outcome according to surgical extent of transoral laser microsurgery for T1 glottic carcinoma (2015)

4 Laryngoscope, 126:2051-2056, 2016.
Modeling Input-Dependent Error Propagation in Programs (2018)

Transient hardware faults are increasing in computer systems due to shrinking feature sizes. Traditional methods to mitigate such faults are through hardware duplication, which incurs huge overhead in performance and energy consumption. Therefore, researchers have explored software solutions such as selective instruction duplication, which require fine-grained analysis of instruction vulnerabilities to Silent Data Corruptions (SDCs). These are typically evaluated via Fault Injection (FI), which is often highly time-consuming. Hence, most studies confine their evaluations to a single input for each program. However, there is often significant variation in the SDC probabilities of both the overall program and individual instructions across inputs, which compromises the correctness of results with a single input. In this work, we study the variation of SDC probabilities across different inputs of a program, and identify the reasons for the variations. Based on the observations, we propose a model, VTRIDENT, which predicts the variations in programs' SDC probabilities without any FIs, for a given set of inputs. We find that VTRIDENT is nearly as accurate as FI in identifying the variations in SDC probabilities across inputs. We demonstrate the use of VTRIDENT to bound overall SDC probability of a program under multiple inputs, while performing FI on only a single input.
Validation of Halogen Occultation Experiment CH4 measurements from the UARS (1996)

Global distributions of CH 4 in the mesosphere and stratosphere have been measured continuously since October 11, 1991, by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) onboard the UARS. CH 4 mixing ratio is obtained using the gas filter correlation technique operating in the 3.3‐μm region. Since measurements are made during solar occultation in the 57° inclination orbit, data are collected 15 times daily for both sunrises and sunsets. This provides coverage of one hemisphere in a month period. One complete hemispheric sweep (from equator to ∼80° latitude) is made during the spring and summer seasons of two hemispheres, and a partial sweep (from equator to around 50° latitude) is made during the fall and winter seasons of two hemispheres. HALOE CH 4 measurements are validated using direct comparisons with correlative data and internal consistency checks using other HALOE‐measured tracers, HF, and aerosols. It is estimated for the 0.3‐ to 50‐mbar region that the total error, including systematic and random components, is less than 15% and that the precision is better than 7%. The CH 4 gas filter channel does not depend significantly on the Pinatubo aerosol extinction. An experimentally accurate measurement of CH 4 is very important because CH 4 is a primary interfering gas in the HALOE HCl channel and, subsequently, can cause HCl measurement error. Simultaneous measurements of CH 4 and other HALOE species (O 3 , H 2 O, NO, NO 2 , HCl, HF, and aerosol extinction coefficients) provide important information on atmospheric dynamic and chemical processes, since CH 4 can be used as a tracer and an indicator of atmospheric transport processes. Several new pieces of information on previously unreported HALOE‐observed features are also presented.
Self cleaning control system for PV solar panel street light (2015)

This work present a design, build a wet and dry self cleaning system to the street light solar panel. It is simple, lightweight, slight to maintain, portable, withstand the environment; low-cost, long life, takes its power from the battery of the solar panel, and controlled automatically, by a remote control or a timer. The experimental model is based on a DC motor intelligently controls by a dedicated drive unit that move a cleaning head on the panel upwards and downwards with without using, spraying system. The performance and characteristics of the self cleaning system is experimentally analyzed.
Development of a Remote Health Monitoring System to Prevent Frailty in Elderly Home-Care Patients with COPD (2022)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the general term used to describe respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis or emphysema of the lungs. COPD is known to cause the onset of frailty due to limitations of physical activity (PA) in daily life and undernutrition. Here, we report the development process of a remote health monitoring and support system employing a tablet computer (iPad), that was created to help prevent frailty in elderly home-care patients with COPD, and the results of its use by two elderly home-care COPD patients. There was a significant increase in PA duration in one participant after use of the system, compared to before use (15.2 min (8.9) vs. 24.2 min (7.4), p < 0.001). PA duration also increased in the other participant (39.7 (8.1) vs. 42.9 (12.9) min; 8.1%), although the difference was not statistically significant. The system enabled recognition of patients’ behavior modifications to promote health. It is difficult to obtain quantitative data for health support, such as for respiratory rehabilitation in elderly COPD patients living at home. However, the present results suggest that virtually connecting patients with their support networks via information and communication technology (ICT) equipment provides support for the physical aspect of their care.
Supramolecular polymer adhesives: advanced materials inspired by nature (2015)

This review highlights bio-inspired design approaches that utilize supramolecular polymers to create adhesives with advanced functionality.
Robust uplink communications over fading channels with variable backhaul connectivity (2013)

Two mobile users communicate with a central decoder via two base stations. Communication between the mobile users and the base stations takes place over a Gaussian interference channel with constant channel gains or quasi-static fading. Instead, the base stations are connected to the central decoder through orthogonal finite-capacity links, whose connectivity is subject to random fluctuations. There is only receive-side channel state information, and hence the mobile users are unaware of the channel state and of the backhaul connectivity state, while the base stations know the fading coefficients but are uncertain about the backhaul links' state. The base stations are oblivious to the mobile users' codebooks and employ compress-and-forward to relay information to the central decoder. Lower bounds on average achievable throughput are obtained by proposing strategies that combine the broadcast coding approach and layered distributed compression techniques. Numerical results confirm the advantages of the proposed approach with respect to conventional non-robust strategies in both scenarios with and without fading.
3D treatment planning and intensity-modulated radiation therapy. (1999)

Three-dimensional (3D) image-based treatment planning and new delivery technologies have spurred the implementation of external beam radiation therapy techniques, in which the high-dose region is conformed much more closely to the target volume than previously possible, thus reducing the volume of normal tissues receiving a high dose. This form of external beam irradiation is referred to as 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT). 3DCRT is not just an add-on to the current radiation oncology process; it represents a radical change in practice, particularly for the radiation oncologist. Defining target volumes and organs at risk in 3D by drawing contours on CT images on a slice-by-slice basis, as opposed to drawing beam portals on a simulator radiograph, can be challenging, because radiation oncologists are generally not well trained in cross-sectional imaging. Currently, the 3DCRT approach will increase the time and effort required by physicians inexperienced with 3D treatment planning. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a more advanced form of 3DCRT, but there is considerable developmental work remaining. The instrumentation and methods used for IMRT quality assurance procedures and testing are not well established. Computer optimization cost functions are too simplistic, and thus time-consuming. Subjective plan evaluation by the radiation oncologist is still the norm. In addition, many fundamental questions regarding IMRT remain unanswered. For example, the radiobiophysical consequences of altered time-dose-fraction are unknown. Also, the fact that there is much greater dose heterogeneity for both the target and normal critical structures with IMRT compared to traditional irradiation techniques challenges current radiation oncology planning principles. However, this new process of planning and treatment delivery shows significant potential for improving the therapeutic ratio. In addition, while inefficient today, these systems, when fully developed, will improve the efficiency with which external beam radiation therapy can be planned and delivered, thus lowering costs.
New method of identifying real-time Predictive Lateral load Transfer Ratio for rollover prevention systems (2009)

Vehicle rollover accounts for a significant percentage of fatal accidents in the USA and worldwide. In this paper, two rollover indexes are proposed and analyzed. The first rollover index estimates the actual Lateral Transfer Ratio (LTR) while the second, referred to as ‘Predictive Lateral Transfer Ratio’ (PLTR), incorporates the predictive influence of the driver's steering input, thus allowing the actuator to respond faster to the rollover scenario. Both algorithms are compared in open loop and closed loop simulation environment using a baseline control system. The PLTR is shown to be superior in preventing rollover under a number of different cornering maneuvers. The vehicle used for simulation is a large SUV with a top-loaded condition. Preliminary experimental results comparing the two algorithms are also presented.
TAS-102 for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (2015)

The survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer has notably increased in the past 20 years, from 12 months to around 30 months. Nevertheless, the prognosis of patients pretreated with all available agents is poor and there is high unmet need for newer treatments. TAS-102 is an orally administered combination of the nucleoside analogue trifluridine and tipiracil hydrochloride, a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor. In a randomized trial of 800 patients who had received at least two other treatments previously (most patients had received more than four treatments). TAS-102 demonstrated a significant prolongation of overall survival compared with placebo (median survival 7.1 vs. 5.3 months; hazard ratio 0 · 68, 95%CI: 0 · 58-0 · 81; p < 0 · 001). The toxicity was manageable, grade 3 or higher events occurred in 69% of patients in the TAS-102 group versus 52% in the placebo group, with neutropenia the most common event.
Aqueous High-Temperature Chemistry of Carbo- and Heterocycles. 29.1 Reactions of Aryl Hydrocarbons, Aryl N-Oxides, and Aryl Carbonyl Compounds in Supercritical Water at 460 °C (1997)

A series of aryl hydrocarbons, aryl N-oxides, and aryl carbonyl compounds were subjected to thermolysis at 460 °C in water alone, in 15% aqueous formic acid, in 15% aqueous sodium formate, and, for comparison of purely thermal reactions, in cyclohexane. The runs were carried out initially for 7 min and, in most cases, also for 1 h. The aryl carbonyl substrates underwent mainly carbonyl reduction mainly under reducing conditions, with ring opening only observed in significant amounts for 1,4-naphthoquinone and 3,4-benzocoumarin. The arenes produced mainly reduction products with only low yields of ring-opened products observed. Aryl oximes underwent significant denitrogenation and subsequent reduction with only very little cleavage to simpler aromatic systems. The N-oxides underwent deoxygenation, and in the case of isoquinoline, ring opening of the heterocycle was prevalent. 2-Aminobiphenyl was denitrogenated and cleaved to simpler systems in cyclohexane, but in the aqueous systems it underwent mainly cyclization to yield carbazole with only low yields of denitrogenated products. 2-Phenylphenol was unreactive under aqueous conditions with only low yields of deoxygenated products observed.
Nanotechnology and Development of Oral Insulin (2019)

Wide researches have been done to investigate the oral delivery system of insulin for the diabetes' treatment. Developments in nanotechnology have brought us ever closer to this purpose. The current review focuses on the various barriers existing in the way of oral insulin delivery and the strategies taken so far to dominate those by restrain nanoparticles as potential carriers of insulin.