gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
General and Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Tertiary Phosphane–Borane Complexes Containing Different Alkyl Groups and In Situ Facile Recycling of the Phosphorus Donor Reagent (2007)

Abstract Tertiary symmetric and asymmetric phosphane–borane complexes containing different alkyl groups, including bulky groups, can be obtained by the addition of different Grignard reagents to benzothiadiphosphole 1 followed by direct complexation with BH 3 · THF. Treatment of the resulting mixture with PCl 3 led to the reformation of the starting reagent 1 , which was recovered from the reaction mixture by simple crystallization. The phosphane complexes were purified by chromatography of the mother liquor. This procedure is highly atom‐economic and environmentally friendly. All the reaction intermediates were identified.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Properties of analog median filters (2005)

Recently, a new system for analog median (rank) filtering (AMF), based on a nonlinear dynamical system, was proposed. The data to be sorted are used as initial conditions for the ordinary differential equation. The performance of this system, e.g. convergence time, precision, can be estimated. The AMF requires a design parameter to obtain a well defined behaviour as opposed to a digital median filter. This parameter controls the speed and correctness of the filter. The admissible range for this parameter is much larger than the theory predicts. By the way it can be used for smoothing the picture.
[Reversal of resistance to adriamycin in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7/ADM by beta-elemene]. (2004)

beta-ELE could partially reverse the drug resistance to ADM in MCF-7/ADM, which is related to the increased accumulation of intracellular ADM and the decreased expression of bcl-2.
A Framework for Evaluating Replica Placement Algorithms (2002)

This paper introduces a framework for evaluating replica placement algorithms (RPA) for content delivery networks (CDN) as well as RPAs from other fields that might be applicable to current or future CDNs. First, the framework classifies and qualitatively compares RPAs using a generic set of primitives that capture problem definitions and heuristics. Second, it provides estimates for the decision times of RPAs using an analytic model. To achieve accuracy, the model takes into account disk accesses and message sizes, in addition to computational complexity and message numbers that have been considered traditionally. Third, it uses the &amp;quot;goodness&amp;quot; of produced placements to compare RPAs even when they have different problem definitions. Based on these evaluations, we identify open issues and potential areas for future research.
Tri-n-butylstannane (2004)

[688-73-3] C12H28Sn (MW 291.11) InChI = 1S/3C4H9.Sn.H/c3*1-3-4-2;;/h3*1,3-4H2,2H3;; InChIKey = DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (source of Bu3Sn• radical which produces carbon radicals by (a) abstraction of X from C–X derivatives1, 2 and (b) addition to alkenes, alkynes,3, 4 and carbonyl compounds; hydrogen donor (with concomitant generation of the chain carrier, Bu3Sn•) for radicals;2 hydrostannylation of alkenes, alkynes,5, 6 and carbonyl compounds;7 desulfurative stannylation of propargylic or allylic sulfides;8 catalyst for SH2′ reactions of allylic stannanes;9 radical ring expansion;10, 11 selective reduction of acid chlorides to aldehydes;12 oxygenation13 and carbonylation14 of radicals; source of tributyltin anion15) Alternate Name: tributyltin hydride; TBTH. Physical Data: bp 80 °C/0.4 mmHg; d 1.082 g cm−3. Solubility: freely soluble in organic solvents. Form Supplied in: clear colorless liquid; 97% pure. Analysis of Reagent Purity: major impurity is oxidation product (Bu3Sn)2O; purity ascertained by gas volumetric methods using dichloroacetic acid or by IR spectroscopy.1e Handling, Storage, and Precautions: irritant. Even though this reagent appears to be relatively innocuous,1a tin compounds in general are toxic16 and should be handled with care in a fume hood. It should be kept in brown bottles away from light and air. Some pressure may develop upon long term storage. Workup procedures for the isolation of tin-free organic products from reactions involving TBTH have been published.1e,77b
Analysis of nucleotide pools in bacteria using HPLC-MS in HILIC mode (2019)

Nucleotides, nucleosides and their derivatives are present in all cells at varying concentrations that change with the nutritional, and energetic status of the cell. Precise measurement of the concentrations of these molecules is instrumental for understanding their regulatory effects. Such measurement is challenging due to the inherent instability of these molecules and, despite many decades of research, the reported values differ widely. Here, we present a comprehensive and easy-to-use approach for determination of the intracellular concentrations of >25 target molecular species. The approach uses rapid filtration and cold acidic extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) mode using zwitterionic columns coupled with UV and MS detectors. The method reliably detects and quantifies all the analytes expected to be observed in the bacterial cell and paves the way for future studies correlating their concentrations with biological effects.
[Human monoclonal antibodies with human-mouse hybridomas]. (1983)

Our trial to produce human monoclonal antibodies with human-mouse hybridomas is described. Human spleen cells, in comparison with peripheral blood lymphocytes, bone marrow cells and lymphnode lymphocytes, seem to be the best partner to fuse with myeloma line NS-1 to obtain hybridomas. About sixty percent of hybridomas derived from human spleen cells at first produce human Ig which in most cases belong to either IgG or IgM. Fifty percent of hybridomas which had initially produced human Ig continued to do so after 4 months. One of the clones of human monoclonal antibodies reacted with a cell surface antigen expressed on three out of 5 B cell lines, 14 out of 38 Epstein-Barr virus transformed B cell lines and null cell type lymphocytic leukemia cells obtained from one patient out of 34 tested. Other normal or malignant cells, hematopoietic or nonhematopoietic cells examined were negative. The antigen does not seem to be related to EBNA, early antigen and VCA of EB virus, or certain haplotype specificity of HLA-A, B, C, and DR loci. Reports by others on production of monoclonal antibodies with similar approaches were also reviewed.
Strong-field coherent control of isolated attosecond pulse generation (2021)

Attosecond science promises to reveal the most fundamental electronic dynamics occurring in matter and it can develop further by meeting two linked technological goals related to high-order harmonic sources: improved spectral tunability (allowing selectivity in addressing electronic transitions) and higher photon flux (permitting to measure low cross-section processes). New developments come through parametric waveform synthesis, which provides control over the shape of field transients, enabling the creation of highly-tunable isolated attosecond pulses via high-harmonic generation. Here we demonstrate that the first goal is fulfilled since central energy, spectral bandwidth/shape and temporal duration of isolated attosecond pulses can be controlled by shaping the laser waveform via two key parameters: the relative-phase between two halves of the multi-octave spanning spectrum, and the overall carrier-envelope phase. These results not only promise to expand the experimental possibilities in attosecond science, but also demonstrate coherent strong-field control of free-electron trajectories using tailored optical waveforms.
The Application of Simulation-Based Fault Injection on High Reliable Processor (2012)

During the design process of high reliable processor,appropriate fault injection technologies should be adopted at different stages to analysis and evaluation the reliability of the processor.On the basis of LEON3 high reliable processor,the simulation-based fault injection has been used to inject faults into Triple Module Redundancy flip-flops.Experiments show that the simulation-based fault injection can be used in the early design stage of high reliable processor to shorten the development cycle and reduce the cost of validation.
Parallel Iteration to the Radiative Transport in Inhomogeneous Media with Bootstrapping (2010)

This paper presents a fast parallel method to solve the radiative transport equation in inhomogeneous participating media. We apply a novel approximation scheme to find a good initial guess for both the direct and scattered components. Then, the initial approximation is used to bootstrap an iterative multiple scattering solver, i.e., we let the iteration concentrate just on the residual problem. This kind of bootstrapping makes the volumetric source approximation more uniform, thus it helps to reduce the discretization artifacts and improves the efficiency of the parallel implementation. The iterative refinement is executed on a face-centered cubic grid. The implementation is based on CUDA and runs on the GPU. For large volumes that do not fit into the GPU memory, we also consider the implementation on a GPU cluster, where the volume is decomposed to blocks according to the available GPU nodes. We show how the communication bottleneck can be avoided in the cluster implementation by not exchanging the boundary conditions in every iteration step. In addition to light photons, we also discuss the generalization of the method to γ-photons that are relevant in medical simulation.
Investigation of Two Prototypes of Novel Noncontact Technologies for Automated Real-Time Capture of Incremental Drug Administration Data From Syringes (2017)

Both devices measured syringe volume changes, demonstrating potential for measuring incremental drug doses, recording these, and also the time of each measurement. The IR device had no moving parts, which would be advantageous in a clinical situation. However, the current embodiment was not deemed accurate enough for clinical use, potentially remediable through improvements in hardware and software design. The laser device showed high accuracy and precision over all syringe sizes and contained volumes, and was considered potentially accurate enough for clinical use with suitable development.
Expected Cycle Life vs. Depth of Discharge Relationships of Well‐Behaved Single Cells and Cell Strings (1983)

The factors that might influence the cycle life vs. depth of discharge relationship are examined. This is done first at the single cell level using a progressively more complex cell life model. This is then extended to multicell battery strings where the stochastic aspects associated with groupings of cells are introduced. These relationships are important when considering the weight, cost, and life of battery packs. The results of this theoretical study are compared with a recent review of actual cell‐cycling data. The factors examined are the rate of capacity loss, the amount of excess capacity built into the cells, and the penalty in capacity loss resulting from the use of deep depths of discharge. This study suggests that the relationship between cycle life and depth of discharge is not one that can be varied or significantly improved by cell research. The relationship appears to be determined by certain more or less fixed cell parameters. Among multicell strings, the standard deviation, as expected, plays an important role in determining overall battery life.
Electrical characterization of metal electrodes deposited on flexible polydimethylsiloxane substrates for folding test (2014)

The objective of this study is to present an electrical characterization of metal electrodes deposited on flexible substrates for folding test. In order to quantize folding conditions, flexible-characteristic inspection system (FCIS) [1] for folding function is utilized to control radii of curvature of the flexible substrates. As a result, the new technique successfully measures electrical characteristics of flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/gold electrodes for analysis during the 0/m to 200/m curvature folding cycles. Inspection results of folding characteristics depicted on flexible displays help a designer or maker of flexible displays design useful and comfortable flexible electronic products.
Long‐term Change of Body Mass Index after Head and Neck Cancer Treatment (2013)

Objectives: Although head and neck cancer (HNC) is associated with weight loss, little is known about the long‐term body mass index (BMI) change in HNC survivors. Our goal was to determine the long‐term BMI change after HNC treatment. Methods: Retrospective cohort study on patients with oral cavity and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who received initial treatment at the University of Pennsylvania Health System in 2009, and were then followed for 3 years. Patient demographics, height, tobacco and alcohol use, cancer type, AJCC stage, treatments, and weight at all visits were collected from medical records. Underweight was defined as BMI&lt;18.5, normal was BMI 18.5‐24.9, overweight was BMI 25.0‐29.9, and obesity was BMI &gt; 30. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with long‐term BMI changes. Results: We identified 211 patients with complete data and follow‐up visits. At the time of diagnosis, 7% patients were underweight (n = 15), 34% had normal‐weight (n = 72), 36% were overweight (n = 75) and 23% were obese (n = 49). At the last follow‐up visit, 7% were underweight (n = 14), 42% were normal‐weight (n = 82), 33% were overweight (n = 65) and 18% were obese (n = 36). Thus, 17% patients (n = 21) who were overweight or obese at diagnosis improved to normal weight at the end of 3‐year follow‐up, and this change was not significantly affected by patients’ age, gender, race, tobacco and alcohol use, cancer site, AJCC stage, and treatment type. Conclusions: Our study suggests BMI improves in overweight or obese HNC survivors after 3‐year follow‐up, and this change is independent of cancer severity and treatment type.
Visualizing antigen-specific CD8 T cell dynamics in the small intestine (2017)

Abstract The small intestine (SI) represents the largest mucosal barrier between the environment and the host. As such, the SI limits both normal and pathogenic microbe invasion and must balance immune tolerance and activation. CD8ab T cells constitute a dominant lymphocyte population in the SI and contribute to both of these processes but detailed investigation into their in situ behavior in response to various stimuli is lacking. We visualized Ag-specific CD8 T cell migration in the SI using two-photon microscopy to understand CD8 T cell immunosurveillance. We found that pathogen-specific CD8 T cells are initially slowed early after infection but regain motility directly after Ag clearance. At a memory time point, CD8 T cells exhibited slower migration concurrent with acquisition of a resident memory phenotype. Current studies are focused on determining what is required for CD8 T cell motility throughout the course of infection. Additionally, as tolerance reversal and expansion of self-specific CD8 T cells has recently become a focus of cancer therapy, we characterized in situ behavior of self-specific CD8 T cells. Using a mouse expressing a model Ag in the SI as a self-protein, we observed self-specific CD8 T cells before and after tolerance reversal. Tolerant CD8 T cells migrate significantly faster than pathogen-specific cells at acute time points after infection. Contrastingly, ex-tolerant CD8 T cells were comparable to pathogen-specific CD8 T cells indicating that indeed their in situ scanning behavior had been altered upon tolerance reversal. These observations have provided valuable insight into CD8 T cell motility within the SI and can inform targeted treatment options and vaccines to ensure effective immunosurveillance of this tissue.
Triggering of the Newcastle Disease Virus Fusion Protein by a Chimeric Attachment Protein That Binds to Nipah Virus Receptors (2011)

The fusion (F) proteins of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Nipah virus (NiV) are both triggered by binding to receptors, mediated in both viruses by a second protein, the attachment protein. However, the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) attachment protein of NDV recognizes sialic acid receptors, whereas the NiV G attachment protein recognizes ephrinB2/B3 as receptors. Chimeric proteins composed of domains from the two attachment proteins have been evaluated for fusion-promoting activity with each F protein. Chimeras having NiV G-derived globular domains and NDV HN-derived stalks, transmembranes, and cytoplasmic tails are efficiently expressed, bind ephrinB2, and trigger NDV F to promote fusion in Vero cells. Thus, the NDV F protein can be triggered by binding to the NiV receptor, indicating that an aspect of the triggering cascade induced by the binding of HN to sialic acid is conserved in the binding of NiV G to ephrinB2. However, the fusion cascade for triggering NiV F by the G protein and that of triggering NDV F by the chimeras can be distinguished by differential exposure of a receptor-induced conformational epitope. The enhanced exposure of this epitope marks the triggering of NiV F by NiV G but not the triggering of NDV F by the chimeras. Thus, the triggering cascade for NiV G-F fusion may be more complex than that of NDV HN and F. This is consistent with the finding that reciprocal chimeras having NDV HN-derived heads and NiV G-derived stalks, transmembranes, and tails do not trigger either F protein for fusion, despite efficient cell surface expression and receptor binding.
Nanocellulose/graphene oxide layered membranes: elucidating their behaviour during filtration of water and metal ions in real time (2019)

The deposition of a thin layer of graphene oxide onto cellulose nanofibril membranes, to form CNF-GO layered-composite membranes, dramatically enhances their wet-mechanical stability, water flux and capacity to adsorb water pollutants (P. Liu, C. Zhu and A. P. Mathew, J. Hazard. Mater., 2019, 371, 484-493). In this work, we studied in real time the behavior of these layered membranes during filtration of water and metal ion solutions by means of in situ SAXS and reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF) computational simulations. SAXS confirms that the GO layers limit the swelling and structural deformations of CNFs during filtration of aqueous solutions. Moreover, during filtration of metal ion solutions, the connection of the CNF-GO network becomes highly complex mass-fractal like, with an increment in the correlation length. In addition, after ion adsorption, the SAXS data revealed apparent formation of nanoparticles during the drying stage and particle size increase as a function of time during drying. The molecular dynamics simulations, on the other hand, provide a deep insight into the assembly of both components, as well as elucidating the motion of the metal ions that potentially lead to the formation of metal clusters during adsorption, confirming the synergistic behavior of GO and CNFs for water purification applications.
Biomarkers as biological indicators of xenobiotic exposure (2001)

The presence of a xenobiotic in the environment always represents a risk for living organisms. However, to talk about impregnation there is a need to detect toxicity in the organism, and the concept of intoxication is related to specific organ alterations and clinical symptoms. Moreover, the relationship between the toxic levels within the organism and the toxic response is rather complex and has a difficult forecast because it depends on several factors, namely toxicokinetic and genetic factors. One of the methods to quantify the interaction with xenobiotics and its potential impact on living organisms, including the human being, is monitoring by the use of the so-called biomarkers. They can provide measures of the exposure, toxic effect and individual susceptibility to environmental chemical compounds and may be very useful to assess and control the risk of long-term outcomes associated with exposure to xenobiotic (i.e. heavy metals, halogenated hydrocarbons, pesticides).
SPL: An Access Control Language for Security Policies and Complex Constraints. (2001)

Most organizations use several security policies to control different systems and data, comprising in this way a global complex policy. These security policies are often scattered over different environments, each one with its own security model and domain of administration, making them difficult to administer and understand. Moreover, some applications (e.g. workflow), often need to cross several of these security domains and satisfy each one of their policies, which is very difficult to accomplish when these policies are scattered over the organization, in conflict with each other and frequently expressed in differ-
ChemInform Abstract: CHIRAL 1,4‐BENZODIAZEPINES. IX. ATTEMPTS AT A PREPARATION OF 7‐CHLORO‐5‐PHENYL‐3(S)‐METHYL‐1,4‐BENZODIAZEPIN‐2‐ONE THROUGH C(5)‐C(5A) BOND FORMATION (1976)

Abstract Die Umsetzung des Amids (II) mit tert.‐Butylhypochlorit ergibt nicht das Benzodiazepinon (I).
Complex Formation of Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) Anthocyanins during Freeze-Drying and Its Influence on Their Biological Activity (2015)

Biological activity of polyphenols is influenced by their uptake and is highly influenced by their interactions with the food matrix. This study evaluated the complex formation of blueberry polyphenols with fruit matrixes such as pectin and cellulose and their effect on the biological and antiproliferative properties of human colon cell lines HT-29 and CRL 1790. Free or complexed polyphenols were isolated by dialyzing aqueous or methanolic blueberry homogenates. Seven phenolic compounds and thirteen anthocyanins were identified in blueberry extracts. Blueberry extracts showed varying degrees of antioxidant and antiproliferative activities, as well as α-glucosidase activity. Fruit matrix containing cellulose and pectin, or purified polygalacturonic acid and cellulose, did not retain polyphenols and showed very low antioxidant or antiproliferative activities. These findings suggest that interactions between polyphenols and the food matrix may be more complex than a simple association and may play an important role in the bioefficacy of blueberry polyphenols.
An FPGA-based model suitable for evolution and development of spiking neural networks (2008)

Abstract. We propose a digital neuron model suitable for evolving and growing heterogeneous spiking neural networks on FPGAs using a piecewise linear approximation of the Quadratic Integrate and Fire (QIF) model. A network of 161 neurons and 1610 synapses with 4210 times realtime neuron simulation speed was simulated and synthesized for a Virtex-5 chip. 1
Microstructure and High‐temperature Oxidation Behavior of Ti 3 AlC 2 / W Composites (2012)

Using spark plasma sintering, Ti 3 AlC 2 / W composites were prepared at 1300°C. They contained “core‐shell” microstructures in which a Ti x W 1− x “shell” surrounded a W “core”, in a Ti 3 AlC 2 matrix. The composite hardness increased with W addition, and the hardening effect is likely achieved by the Ti x W 1− x interfacial layer providing strong bonding between Ti 3 AlC 2 and W , and by the presence of hard W . Microstructural development during high‐temperature oxidation of Ti 3 AlC 2 / W composites involves α‐ Al 2 O 3 and rutile ( TiO 2 ) formation ≥1000°C and Al 2 TiO 5 formation at ~1400°C while tungsten oxides appear to have volatilized above 800°C. Likely due to exaggerated, secondary grain growth of TiO 2 ‐doped alumina and the effect of W addition, fine (&lt;1 μm) Al 2 O 3 grains formed dense, anisomorphic laths on Ti 3 AlC 2 /5 wt% W surfaces ≥1200°C and coarsened to large (&gt;5 μm), dense, TiO 2 ‐doped Al 2 O 3 clusters on Ti 3 AlC 2 /10 wt% W surfaces ≥1400°C. W potentially affects the oxidation behavior of Ti 3 AlC 2 / W composites beneficially by causing formation of Ti x W 1− x thus altering the defect structure of Ti 3 AlC 2 , resulting in Al having a higher activity and by changing the scale morphology by forming dense Al 2 O 3 laths in a thinner oxide