gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decolourisation of dyes and dyehouse effluent in a bubble‐column reactor by ozonation in the presence of H2O2, KMnO4 or Ferral (2005)

Abstract The decolourisation of aqueous solutions of dyes by ozonation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate or Ferral using a bubble column reactor was investigated. Addition of hydrogen peroxide in the ozonation reaction of dyes did not affect its decolourisation efficiency. The addition of potassium permanganate considerably increased the decolourisation efficiency during ozonation of all of the dyes studied. Ferral showed excellent catalytic activity under acidic conditions but in alkaline conditions its catalytic activity diminished. The effect of the ozonation on COD was also monitored and was found to be highly effective in reducing the COD of aqueous dye solutions. In addition to studying the effect of addition of hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate or Ferral on the ozonation of aqueous solutions of individual dyes, tests were carried out on effluent from a commercial dyeing unit. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Improving the Quality of Requirements with Refactoring (2007)

Requirements specification can often exhibit some shortcomings, regarding contents and organization of its partial specification elements. Sometimes, modularization is deficient, with modules dealing with too much information, or the same functionality being specified in different modules. Left unchecked, these inadequacies will propagate themselves to the subsequent phases of the software development and cause problems during maintenance. We have been able to identify a collection of typical deficiencies in the specification of structured documents and we propose a collection of refactorings that minimize or remove them. Doing this early in the development process increases requirements modularity and understandability. A case study is conducted to illustrate the use of these refactoring practices on two existing requirement documents.
Adaptive multiple description video streaming over multiple channels with active probing (2003)

Low latency video applications need to incorporate a high level of error resiliency and of error concealment to provide acceptable quality. We investigate how to combine the benefits of multiple stream coding and multiple path transmission for this purpose. We present a transmission strategy for multiple description coded video which maintains the inherent error resiliency of the encoding in the case of transmission over bursty channels. Through the analysis of feedback and through rate-distortion optimized channel probing, this strategy determines which channels should be used to take advantage of path diversity. At the encoder, a restart scheme stops error propagation by selecting references in error-free streams. Experiments demonstrate significant gains over other schemes such as video redundancy coding.
INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF PROSTAGLANDIN D2 IN RAT AND HUMAN SKIN (1976)

1 Intradermal injection of prostaglandin (PG) D1 and D2 in the human forearm produced a long-lasting dose-related erythema. When compared with prostaglandin E1 or E2 the order of potency for erythema production was PGE1 greater than PGE2 greater than PGD2 greater than PGD1. 2 In rat skin, prostaglandin D2 but not D1 caused an increase in vascular permeability as quantitated by the Evans blue method and the 125I-albumin extravasation technique. Prostaglandin E2 was 3-5 times more potent than prostaglandin D2. 3 Prostaglandin D2 (10 ng) potentiated the increase in vascular permeability in rat skin produced by histamine, but not that produced by bradykinin. 4 Prostaglandin D2 (10, 20 and 50 ng) did not elicit oedema or hyperalgesia in the rat paw oedema test, but potentiated carrageenan-induced oedema; hyperalgesia was potentiated by doses of 100 ng and above.
Development of Front End Crash Structure for Lightweight Hybrid Electric Vehicle (2012)

ooted in the £29 million Low Carbon Vehicle Technology Project (LCVTP), Coventry University has continued to conduct research into lightweight Body In White (BIW) design and lightweight crash structure development utilising structural optimisation for alternatively fuelled vehicles such as Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). This paper explains how a lightweight HEV front end crash structure has been developed, refined and validated using numerical analysis. This is based on structural optimisation results, benchmarking of similar sized vehicles and previous experience of crash structure development.
High immunity to threshold voltage variability in undoped ultra-thin FDSOI MOSFETs and its physical understanding (2008)

Sources responsible for local and inter-die threshold voltage (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> ) variability in undoped ultra-thin FDSOI MOSFETs with a high-k/metal gate stack are experimentally discriminated for the first time. Charges in the gate dielectric and/or TiN gate workfunction fluctuations are determined as major contributors to the local V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> variability and it is found that SOI thickness (T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Si</inf> ) variations have a negligible impact down to T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Si</inf> =7nm. Moreover, T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Si</inf> scaling is shown to limit both local and inter-die V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> variability induced by gate length fluctuations. The highest matching performance ever reported for 25nm gate length MOSFETs is achieved (A <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Vt</inf> =0.95mV.µm), demonstrating the effectiveness of the undoped ultra-thin FDSOI architecture in terms of V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> variability control.
CD4 and CD8 T Cells in Susceptibility/Protection to Collagen-Induced Arthritis in HLA-DQ8-Transgenic Mice: Implications for Rheumatoid Arthritis (2002)

To investigate the role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in arthritis, we generated transgenic mice deficient in CD4 and CD8 molecules expressing RA-susceptible gene HLA-DQ8. DQ8.CD4(-/-) mice were resistant to developing collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). However, DQ8.CD8(-/-) mice developed CIA with increased incidence and more severity than DQ8 mice. Both DQ8.CD8(-/-) and DQ8 mice produced rheumatoid factor. In addition, DQ8.CD8(-/-) mice produced antinuclear Abs. The B cell compartment and expression of DQ8 were normal in all the strains, although frequency of cells expressing DQ8 was less in CD4(-/-) mice. An increased frequency of CD3(+) double-negative (DN) T cells was found in DQ8.CD8(-/-) compared with DQ8.CD4(-/-) and DQ8 mice. These CD3(+) DN T cells produced high amounts of IL-10 in CD8-deficient mice. Analysis of cell division using a cell cycle tracking dye showed a higher rate of division of CD3(+) and CD3(+) DN T cells in DQ8.CD8(-/-) mice compared with DQ8.CD4(-/-) and DQ8 mice. Decreased apoptosis was seen in CIA-susceptible DQ8 and CD8-deficient mice, indicating a defect in activation-induced cell death. These observations suggest that CD4 cells are necessary for initiation of CIA in DQ8 mice. We hypothesize that CD8(+) T cells are not capable of initiating CIA in DQ8-transgenic mice but may have a regulatory/protective effect.
Secreted Biomolecules Alter the Biological Identity and Cellular Interactions of Nanoparticles (2014)

A nanoparticle's physical and chemical properties at the time of cell contact will determine the ensuing cellular response. Aggregation and the formation of a protein corona in the extracellular environment will alter nanoparticle size, shape, and surface properties, giving it a "biological identity" that is distinct from its initial "synthetic identity". The biological identity of a nanoparticle depends on the composition of the surrounding biological environment and determines subsequent cellular interactions. When studying nanoparticle-cell interactions, previous studies have ignored the dynamic composition of the extracellular environment as cells deplete and secrete biomolecules in a process known as "conditioning". Here, we show that cell conditioning induces gold nanoparticle aggregation and changes the protein corona composition in a manner that depends on nanoparticle diameter, surface chemistry, and cell phenotype. The evolution of the biological identity in conditioned media enhances the cell membrane affinity, uptake, and retention of nanoparticles. These results show that dynamic extracellular environments can alter nanoparticle-cell interactions by modulating the biological identity. The effect of the dynamic nature of biological environments on the biological identity of nanoparticles must be considered to fully understand nano-bio interactions and prevent data misinterpretation.
X‐ray fluorescence analysis of tree rings (1991)

Abstract X‐ray fluorescence analysis was applied to the determination of the concentration of trace elements in the growth rings of trees. Some of these mineral elements can affect the growth and development of the plant. The results of the analytical measurements can provide information concerning the geochemical and atmospheric environment to which the tree has been exposed. It has been demonstrated that conventional x‐ray fluorescence equipment is adequate to perform such measurements but, more important, the high intensity available from synchrotron radiation is an ideal source to probe the spatial variation in the low‐level concentrations which can be transposed to an absolute temporal scale knowing the history of the tree. The ability to aperture or focus the synchrotron radiation to submillimeter size allows several points within individual rings to be analyzed, permitting a study of differences within a single growing season. Concentrations of mineral elements were determined in two types of tree samples, a cross‐section of the trunk of a small sassafras tree and an incremental core from a red oak. Two experimental arrangements were employed, a special energy‐dispersive x‐ray analyzer with a primary beam size of 0.5 mm and a beam line at the National Synchrotron Light Source where the radiation was focused and apertured to 50 μm × 1 mm. Concentrations as low as 1 ppm were determined for nine elements. Major year‐to‐year variations were observed, implying that cross‐ring elemental migration is slow (possibly negligible). The x‐ray technique is fast and non‐destructive, permitting the sample to be retained for additional studies.
Supplementary Video from Keratin-17 Promotes p27<sup>KIP1</sup> Nuclear Export and Degradation and Offers Potential Prognostic Utility (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Video showing the proposed model: K17 promotes nuclear export and subsequent degradation of tumor-suppressor p27KIP1, promoting sustained proliferation and tumor growth.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Facile Synthesis of Chroman‐3‐ols, 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐(1)‐ benzopyran‐3‐ols. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Polarization spectroscopy of single CdSe quantum rods (2001)

Excitation and emission spectra of CdSe single quantum rods with aspect ratios of 2 and 4 were investigated by far-field microscopic technique. Typical spectral linewidths of the rods are less than 60 meV at room temperature. Both excitation and emission of the single rods exhibit strong polarization dependence, indicating that dipole moment exists along the long axis of the rods, e.g., the unique axis c of the wurtzite structure.
Integrated Continuous Crystallization and Spray Drying of Insulin for Pulmonary Drug Delivery (2020)

Pulmonary delivery of insulin in the form of a dry powder is an attractive alternative in comparison to conventional subcutaneous delivery. Insulin crystals have potential advantages such as sustained release and higher stability in comparison to amorphous particles. However, the design of crystallization processes that can reliably produce insulin crystals in a suitable size range for pulmonary delivery is challenging. A continuous process involving the integration of a tubular crystallizer and a spray dryer is characterized for the production of inhalable insulin. Supersaturation is created via cooling and a pH shift at the inlet of the crystallizer, aiming at a high nucleation rate. The recovery of insulin in the crystallizer exceeds 90%, and the insulin particles appear crystalline under most of the tested conditions. Integration with a spray dryer produces a dry powder with favorable properties for pulmonary drug delivery. The emitted fraction of insulin from a capsule in a commercial inhaler is in the range of 84.3–93.1%, which shows good powder dispersibility. Furthermore, the fine particle fraction of the insulin crystals ranges from 22.0% to 36.4%, which indicates a good potential for pulmonary delivery.
R&D toward a compact high-brilliance X-ray source based on channeling radiation (2012)

X-rays have been valuable to a large number of fields including Science, Medicine, and Security. Yet, the availability of a compact high-spectral brilliance X-ray sources is limited. A technique to produce X-rays with spectral brilliance B 10 12 photons.(mm-mrd) - .(0.1% BW) -1 .s - is discussed. The method is based on the generation and acceleration of a low-emittance field-emitted electron bunches. The bunches are then focused on a diamond crystal thereby producing channeling radiation. In this paper, after presenting the overarching concept, we discuss the generation, acceleration and transport of the low-emittance bunches with parameters consistent with the production of high-brilliance X-rays through channeling radiation. We especially consider the example of the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) currently in construction at Fermilab where a proof-of-principle experiment is in preparation.
Improved dielectric properties of lead zirconate titanate thin films deposited on metal foils with LaNiO3 buffer layers (2001)

Improved dielectric properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films deposited on a variety of foils using buffer layers are reported. Foils include titanium, stainless steel, and nickel with LaNiO3(LNO) buffer layers which were prepared by sol–gel processing. High dielectric constant (330 for stainless steel, 420 for titanium, and 450 for nickel foils), low dielectric loss (&amp;lt;2.2% for titanium and 8% for stainless steel), symmetric ferroelectric C–V characteristics and P–E curves were obtained. The LNO layers are shown to provide an effective diffusion barrier for Ni and Cr and to restrict oxide layer formation (i.e., TiOx or NiOx) between the PZT film and the metallic foils during annealing in air.
A Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Malaria in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana from 2015 to 2019 (2021)

The Greater Accra Region is the smallest of the 16 administrative regions in Ghana. It is highly populated and characterized by tropical climatic conditions. Although efforts towards malaria control in Ghana have had positive impacts, malaria remains in the top five diseases reported at healthcare facilities within the Greater Accra Region. To further accelerate progress, analysis of regionally generated data is needed to inform control and management measures at this level. This study aimed to examine the climatic drivers of malaria transmission in the Greater Accra Region and identify inter-district variation in malaria burden. Monthly malaria cases for the Greater Accra Region were obtained from the Ghanaian District Health Information and Management System. Malaria cases were decomposed using seasonal-trend decomposition, based on locally weighted regression to analyze seasonality. A negative binomial regression model with a conditional autoregressive prior structure was used to quantify associations between climatic variables and malaria risk and spatial dependence. Posterior parameters were estimated using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation with Gibbs sampling. A total of 1,105,370 malaria cases were recorded in the region from 2015 to 2019. The overall malaria incidence for the region was approximately 47 per 1000 population. Malaria transmission was highly seasonal with an irregular inter-annual pattern. Monthly malaria case incidence was found to decrease by 2.3% (95% credible interval: 0.7-4.2%) for each 1 °C increase in monthly minimum temperature. Only five districts located in the south-central part of the region had a malaria incidence rate lower than the regional average at >95% probability level. The distribution of malaria cases was heterogeneous, seasonal, and significantly associated with climatic variables. Targeted malaria control and prevention in high-risk districts at the appropriate time points could result in a significant reduction in malaria transmission in the Greater Accra Region.
Minimal-invasive Techniken in der Unfallchirurgie Minimal-invasive ventrale Spondylodesen bei Verletzungen der Brust- und Lendenwirbelsaule (1997)

Summary. Thirty-eight patients with 40 fractures of the thoracic spine and the thoracolumbar junction were treated by a minimally invasive procedure, which includes partial corporectomy, the interposition of a tricortical bone graft and anterior stabilization by plate spondylodesis under thoracosopic control. For 36 patients the operation was successfully performed in a complete thoracoscopic way; in 2 patients conversion to an open technique was necessary. Two postoperative complications such as a reversible lesion of the thoracodorsalis nerve and a transient irritation of nerve root L1 on the approach side were encountered. Postoperative control by X-ray and CT scan showed correct positioning of the bone graft, as well as the fixation device in all patients. Our experience with this minimally invasive stabilizing procedure for injuries of the thoracic spine and the thoracolumbar junction demonstrated the feasibility of the method. Compared to the open method the benefit of minimally invasive surgery included postoperative pain reduction, shorter hospitalization, early recovery of function and reduced mobidity of the operative approach.
Formal Verification of Automatic Circuit Transformations for Fault-Tolerance (2015)

International audience
Visual Attention Metadata from Pictures Browsing (2008)

Image browsing has become an indispensable feature for today's mobile devices. To overcome their limited display size, information systems may benefit from the abundant clickstream provided by mobile users. This implicit feedback turns out to be very informative providing hints on both the visual image content and the relevance of the query results when searching for images. Building on previous works on user attention models, we propose a practical, yet generic platform for web usage tracking. Implicit feedback from the clickstream makes it possible to generate visual attention metadata. These metadata are user interest maps (UIMs) in which regions of interest (ROIs) become highlighted. These UIMs are used to establish and reinforce keyword-to-image relations. A tentative application for semantic annotation is also presented.
Clustering Categorical Data Based on Maximal Frequent Itemsets (2007)

Clustering categorical data received more attention since recent years, but several aspects of the existing algorithms, such as the interpretabilities of found clusters, the impact of data selection orders, are not well solved. A novel categorical data clustering algorithm called CLUBMIS is proposed in this paper, which can effectively find the interesting clusters. In addition, the clusters can be easily interpreted by the maximal frequent itemsets used in the clustering process. Different from most of the hierarchical clustering algorithm, CLUBMIS clusters datasets based on the summarized information, i.e. maximal frequent itemsets, thus it eliminates the effect of different data selection order.
Introducing agile development (XP) into a corporate Webmaster environment - an experience report (2006)

In this paper we examine the challenges of moving a large, traditionally waterfall-driven organization toward an agile development methodology. In particular we address the problems/successes we encountered in our attempts to adhere to the 12 practices of extreme programming given: 1) this was a first attempt with agile techniques and in particular extreme programming and 2) an organization that while supportive, is still driven by its own set of governance processes which seem to be in contradiction to extreme programming. We discuss how we prepared our development and customer teams in order to achieve an agile mindset along with the issues we encountered in our attempts to mesh IBM's internal processes with our implementation of extreme programming. Finally we address some of the lessons learned as revealed by our final project retrospective and out future plans using agile techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: NaOAc‐Mediated Selective Deprotection of Aromatic Acetates and Its Application in the Synthesis of Natural Products. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis sp. nov., an Anaerobic, Extremely Thermophilic, Cellulolytic Bacterium Isolated from Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park (2009)

A novel, obligately anaerobic, extremely thermophilic, cellulolytic bacterium, designated OB47(T), was isolated from Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park, WY. The isolate was a nonmotile, non-spore-forming, Gram-positive rod approximately 2 microm long by 0.2 microm wide and grew at temperatures between 55 and 85 degrees C, with the optimum at 78 degrees C. The pH range for growth was 6.0 to 8.0, with values of near 7.0 being optimal. Growth on cellobiose produced the fastest specific growth rate at 0.75 h(-1). The organism also displayed fermentative growth on glucose, maltose, arabinose, fructose, starch, lactose, mannose, sucrose, galactose, xylose, arabinogalactan, Avicel, xylan, filter paper, processed cardboard, pectin, dilute acid-pretreated switchgrass, and Populus. OB47(T) was unable to grow on mannitol, fucose, lignin, Gelrite, acetate, glycerol, ribose, sorbitol, carboxymethylcellulose, and casein. Yeast extract stimulated growth, and thiosulfate, sulfate, nitrate, and sulfur were not reduced. Fermentation end products were mainly acetate, H2, and CO2, although lactate and ethanol were produced in 5-liter batch fermentations. The G+C content of the DNA was 35 mol%, and sequence analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene placed OB47(T) within the genus Caldicellulosiruptor. Based on its phylogenetic and phenotypic properties, the isolate is proposed to be designated Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis sp. nov. and OB47 is the type strain (ATCC BAA-2073).
USE OF LUTEIN AND ZEAXANTHIN ALONE OR COMBINED WITH BRILLIANT BLUE TO IDENTIFY INTRAOCULAR STRUCTURES INTRAOPERATIVELY (2012)

A natural dye solution based on lutein and zeaxanthin alone or combined with Brilliant Blue efficiently stained the anterior capsule, vitreous, and internal limiting membrane in human cadaveric eyes and may be a useful tool for vitreoretinal or cataract surgery.