gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A twofold modulation frequency laser range finder (2002)

The purpose of this paper is to present the conception of a twofold modulation frequency laser range finder. The system is based on the phase-shift measurement method with two modulation frequencies, one giving the distance within a wide range and a second one leading to high resolution measurement. The measurement method is based on intermediate frequency sampling associating the under-sampling technique with digital synchronous detection. Its main advantage is a global simplification of the electronic system, leading to a quite simple development and low cost system. There is only one phase-shift measurement stage but the twofold modulation frequency is possible thanks to the heterodyne technique. The emission and detection parts are designed for wideband operation and are digitally controlled. The whole system has been designed with only one digital phase locked loop reducing the phase noise and improving the resolution. Because of the global structure and the different digitally controlled parts the necessary calibration process could be introduced. From the design of the prototype it is possible to move towards a smart laser range finder.
Applying the single shell 3-Tissue method to investigate long-term degeneration of the visual system following hemidisconnection surgery (2023)

There is a need to map microstructural changes over long time periods and develop/apply methods that work with legacy data. In this study, we applied the novel single shell 3-Tissue method to data from a cohort of 4 patients who were scanned 20-years following childhood hemidisconnection surgery and presented degeneration of the visual system. We believe this study suggests that diffusion MRI can be used to monitor the integrity of the visual system following hemispherectomy and if extended to larger cohorts and a greater number of time-points, provide a clearer picture of the natural history of visual system degeneration.
Barnlife (1990)

Barnlife Early that Sunday I walked the abandoned farm and saw the gray barn that rose frozen out of winter's ground. It stood silent, hollow as promises, expectant as that moment of mystery before light, before you and me. I imagined the life it once had; holding cows crowded at feeder troughs, warmed by their sour breath steaming on cold nights. I imagined how it would be to depend on life from without as I swung barn doors hung on hinges, rusted brown. Then standing, at just that point of entrance and exit, I realized the air was both coming and going as you and I have come and gone. -Rey Ford Whisper Too shaped by the geography of people, you cross over the small hill onto hard fields beyond the sound of their voices saying, "This way. This way," until you reach the woods and sit on mossy dirt. You watch raindrops run out over the underbrush, the wind ripple leaves pendent between thin limbs. You hear the whisper of the white pine's needle dance as it bows to the fragile breath of the forest. You feel the cool air against your cheek and walk on through the woods making no sounds louder than those around you. -Rey Ford ...
An Assessment Of Grouting Materials, Placement Methods, And Monitoring Equipment For Offshore Structures (1979)

ABSTRACT Grout placement techniques, technology of grouting materials, and methods for monitoring grout quality and grout placement are presented. Placement methods using new generation high pressure packers and inflation-grout manifolds are discussed. High pressure packers have made single stage grouting jobs a practical reality. Reliable inflation-grout manifolds have eliminated many lines previously needed for packer inflation and placement of grouting materials. In addition to traditional grouting materials, new materials to promote high bond strength, control self-desiccation, and minimize shrinkage are discussed. Grouts are classified according to use and typical examples are given. Methods and equipment for controlling grout density and grout placement are included. INTRODUCTION Platform grouting is the process of placing a cementitious material into the annulus between a jacket leg and pile. This operation has advanced to the point now that an operator has a variety of methods, materials, and tools from which to choose. For example, at least five different methods for grouting platform legs are commonly used with variations existing within each method. Terms for each of these methods, although not standard, might be (1) conventional two stage, (2) packer, (3) balanced pressure, (4) two stage delayed set for insert piles, and (5) two stage inner string for insert piles. Recent advances in methods, materials, and tools have helped make platform grouting more trouble-free and dependable. This paper will review these advances and provide an overview of current platform grouting in general. GROUTING METHODS Conventional Two Stage As shown in Fig. 1, this method usually involves a mud wiper seal at the bottom of the annulus. This serves to help reduce mud contamination of the annulus as the pile is driven through the jacket leg and it also helps support the first stage of the grout. This technique normally involves running two separate grout lines from the surface. The first stage line enters the annulus just above the mud wiper seal. Second stage line enters the annulus 5 to 30 ft above the first stage grout line depending on the length of plug required. First stage grout is normally a quickset type and fills up to the second stage grout line entry level. While the first stage is setting, water should be circulated through the second stage grout line to displace any grout that may have covered the second stage port. Once the first stage grout is set, the second stage is injected to the desired height in the annulus. An improvement to this procedure, shown in Fig. 2, makes it possible to accomplish the grouting through only one grout line from the surface. One line is run from the surface to the lower grout inlet. A pipe is run from the upper grout inlet to a sleeve-type flow control valve installed in the grout line at the same elevation as the upper grout port.
Propagating Requirement Change into Software High Level Designs towards Resilient Software Evolution (2009)

Uncertain and incomplete requirements throughout the whole software life cycle contribute to volatility of the requirements. In a situation where the volatile requirement is changed to satisfy stakeholder needs, all the affected requirements and other impacted software artefacts (such as designs, codes, and tests) must be identified and changed accordingly. This paper introduces an approach to facilitate both engineers and users in propagating changes from requirements to the software high-level designs during software development and evolution. The two main pillars of this approach, namely product metamodel and process model are described in details. Firstly, the metamodel highlights on explicit conceptual model for volatile requirement and its characteristics. Next, the focus will be placed on the systematic process model specified using the SPEM that offers guidelines to perform the requirement change process. The applicability of the product metamodel and its elements are evaluated using the IFAMMS case study application.
Toll‐like receptor 2 stimulation augments esophageal barrier integrity (2019)

Our findings implicate the TLR2 pathway as a potential regulator of esophageal epithelial barrier function and suggest that downstream chromatin modifications are associated with this effect.
Mondrian memory protection (2002)

Mondrian memory protection (MMP) is a fine-grained protection scheme that allows multiple protection domains to flexibly share memory and export protected services. In contrast to earlier page-based systems, MMP allows arbitrary permissions control at the granularity of individual words. We use a compressed permissions table to reduce space overheads and employ two levels of permissions caching to reduce run-time overheads. The protection tables in our implementation add less than 9% overhead to the memory space used by the application. Accessing the protection tables adds than 8% additional memory references to the accesses made by the application. Although it can be layered on top of demand-paged virtual memory, MMP is also well-suited to embedded systems with a single physical address space. We extend MMP to support segment translation which allows a memory segment to appear at another location in the address space. We use this translation to implement zero-copy networking underneath the standard read system call interface, where packet payload fragments are connected together by the translation system to avoid data copying. This saves 52% of the memory references used by a traditional copying network stack.
Surface Initiated Polymerization of Styrene from a Carboxylic Acid Functionalized Polypyrrole Coated Electrode (2002)

Surface initiated radical polymerization (SIRP) is an elegant and efficient method to produce polymer chains attached to surfaces with a high graft density. Growth of polymer chains from a gold surface requires the formation of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of thiols functionalized by reactive groups (alcohol or carboxylic acid) in order to covalently bind free radical initiator species. However, thiol desorption induced by the temperature imposed for polymerization impedes the growth of polymer chains. We propose therefore to coat a gold electrode with a polypyrrole (PPy) derivative containing carboxylic acid pendant groups. The resulting conducting polymer layer was shown to be strongly attached to the surface. Grafting of the initiator (azo compound) and SIRP of styrene were successfully performed on this organic layer, as demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF SIMS), and contact angle measurements. The roughness, the morphology, and the surface uniformity of the films were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Finally, cyclic voltammetry experiments were carried out to study the influence of the polystyrene layer on the electrochemical behavior of the conducting polymer.
Information Order and Outcome Framing: An Assessment of Judgment Bias in a Naturalistic Decision-Making Context (2001)

Findings that decision makers can come to different conclusions depending on the order in which they receive information have been termed the "information order bias." When trained, experienced individuals exhibit similar behaviors; however, it has been argued that this result is not a bias, but rather, a pattern-matching process. This study provides a critical examination of this claim. It also assesses both experts' susceptibility to an outcome framing bias and the effects of varying task loads on judgment. Using a simulation of state-of-the-art ship defensive systems operated by experienced, active-duty U.S. Navy officers, we found no evidence of a framing bias, while task load had a minor, but systematic effect. The order in which information was received had a significant impact, with the effect being consistent with a judgment bias. Nonetheless, we note that pattern-matching processes, similar to those that produce inferential and reconstructive effects on memory, could also explain our results. Actual or potential applications of this research include decision support system interfaces or training programs that might be developed to reduce judgment bias.
High specificity IEGM beat detection by combining morphological and temporal classification for a cardiac neuromodulation system (2014)

Elevated heart rate is known to be an independent risk factor for a higher overall mortality, especially for patients suffering from coronary artery disease, e.g. from heart failure. Since pharmacological approaches can not exclusively address heart rate, we investigated a cardiac neuromodulation technique lowering elevated heart rate by means of electrical neurostimulation. The idea is to exclusively modulate the parasympathetic tone in the sinoatrial node area to decrease heart rate. However, electrical stimulation of the heart may pose a specific risk as one temporally misplaced stimulation can cause atrial and especially ventricular fibrillation. Accordingly, we aimed to trigger on the intracardiac electrogram in the upper right atrium and present two algorithms satisfying the requirements of highly specific, secure real-time detection within one heart beat: Decision tree and neural network. Both algorithms were combined with a heart rate prediction estimating upcoming action potentials to maximize beat recognition against artifacts. The combined algorithms were validated on human intracardiac electrograms from electrophysiological examinations with promising results (specificity: 100%, sensitivity tree : 70.2%, sensitivity net : 87.3%) for secure neurostimulation.
Pulmonary oedema, think beyond the heart even in the presence of severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (2015)

We submit a case of a young patient with known severe left ventricular (LV) systolic impairment who presented with recurrent flash pulmonary oedema (FPO) requiring multiple high-dependency care admissions. Despite extensive optimisation of his underlying heart failure, the presentations remained frequent. Investigations for alternative diagnosis were not approached due to the presence of LV impairment and compliance being questioned. However, deteriorating renal function prompted further investigation with multiple imaging modalities, and an effective diagnosis of bilateral renal artery stenosis secondary to an aortoiliac thrombus was made. At the point of diagnosis, it was felt that rescue of renal function was unfeasible and thus the patient was started on anticoagulation, with initiation of peritoneal dialysis planned. This case highlights the importance of considering alternative diagnoses for the presentation of FPO even in the presence of LV impairment. If this patient had received a prompter diagnosis it is possible that the outcome would have been different.
Self-Expanding Stent and Delivery System for Aortic Valve Replacement (2012)

Currently, aortic valve replacement procedures require a sternotomy and use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to arrest the heart and provide a bloodless field in which to operate. A less invasive alternative to open heart surgery is transapical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), already emerging as a feasible treatment for patients with high surgical risk. The bioprosthetic valves are delivered via catheters using transarterial or transapical approaches and are implanted within diseased aortic valves. This paper reports the development of a new self-expanding stent for minimally invasive aortic valve replacement and its delivery device for the transapical approach under real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance. Made of nitinol, the new stent is designed to implant and embed a commercially available bioprosthetic aortic valve in aortic root. An MRI passive marker was affixed onto the stent and an MRI active marker to the delivery device. These capabilities were tested in ex vivo and in vivo experiments. Radial resistive force, chronic outward force, and the integrity of bioprosthesis on stent were measured through custom design dedicated test equipment. In vivo experimental evaluation was done using a porcine large animal model. Both ex vivo and in vivo experiment results indicate that the self-expanding stent provides adequate reinforcement of the bioprosthetic aortic valve and it is easier to implant the valve in the correct position. The orientation and positioning of the implanted valve is more precise and predictable with the help of the passive marker on stent and the active marker on delivery device. The new self-expanding nitinol stent was designed to exert a constant radial force and, therefore, a better fixation of the prosthesis in the aorta, which would result in better preservation of long-term heart function. The passive marker affixed on the stent and active marker embedded in the delivery devices helps to achieve precise orientation and positioning of the stent under MRI guidance. The design allows the stent to be retracted in the delivery device with a snaring catheter if necessary. Histopathology reports reveal that the stent is biocompatible and fully functional. All the stented bioprosthesis appeared to be properly seated in the aortic root.
Capacity of Satellite Communication Systems Under Different Adaptive Transmission Schemes (2023)

Satellite systems are widely used in applications such as broadcasting, navigation, emergency services, etc., because of some unique advantages such as providing service over wide coverage area, especially in regions where terrestrial communication fails. In this paper, channel capacity of satellite system subjected to three adaptive transmission policies namely, optimal rate adaptation with constant transmit power (ORA), optimal simultaneous power and rate adaptation (OPRA) and channel inversion with fixed rate (TIFR) is studied. Exact closed-form expressions of the Shannon capacity under these schemes are derived. The channel fading of the system is modelled using Shadowed Rician (SR) distribution. The derived expressions are applicable to integer as well as non integer valued severity/Nakagami-m parameter of the SR distribution. In addition to this, the effect of shadowing severity parameter on the capacity of adaptive schemes is also investigated. Numerical results reveal that OPRA scheme results in more capacity gain than the other two. On the other hand, TIFR scheme suffer a large outage probability which causes large capacity penalty as compared to ORA and OPRA schemes. Furthermore, increase in shadowing severity degrades the capacity of the satellite channel.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of maintenance therapy with anti-TA-MUC1 monoclonal antibody PankoMab after chemotherapy in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma. (2014)

TPS5622 Background: PankoMab is a potent humanized glyco-engineered IgG1 recognizing the tumor-specific carbohydrate/protein epitope TA-MUC1 expressed virtually only on tumor cells of a wide variety of cancers with up to 95% expression in ovarian (OvCa), NSCL and breast cancers. Phase 1 study results were presented at ECCO 2013 (C. Sessa et al., Abstract 849). Drug was well tolerated, clinical benefit (CB: CR, PR and SD) observed in pts. with solid tumors with CB rate of 40% incl. 1 CR of 485 d out of 20 pts. with OvCa. OvCa was selected as target indication for a randomized phase 2 maintenance therapy trial of PankoMab in TA-MUC1 positive pts. Methods: Study design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind Phase 2 multinational study at 40 sites in 8 European countries. Pts. with outcome of CR, PR or SD after most recent line of chemotherapy (CT) are randomized in a 2:1 ratio for treatment with either PankoMab or placebo. Treatment regimen: 500 mg starting dose followed by 1700 mg 7 d later, to be repeated q3w. Pt. stratification by: (i) Duration of treatment-free interval of the most recent platinum based CT preceding the CT to which the pt. has just responded, (ii) Type of response to CT the patient has just received, (iii) Number of prior lines of CT. Sample size: Total of210 assuming median PFS of 4 m. in placebo and 6 m. in PankoMab arm (HR 0.67; overall 1-sided significance level 0.05). Study endpoints: Primary: PFS using modified immune related RECIST v1.1 criteria; secondary: OS, tumor response, safety, QoL, correlation of efficacy/safety with TA-MUC1 IHC score, soluble TA-MUC1 levels, Fc□ receptor status, and PK. Main entry criteria: TA-MUC1 pos. tumor samples, recurrent epithelial OvCa; 2 – 4 lines of previous CT; CR, PR, or SD after most recent CT; ≤5 wk. interval between last CT dose and randomization.; treatment-free interval of ≤12 mo. before most recent CT; sensitive or resistant but not refractory to most recent platinum based CT; ECOG PS ≤1. Current status: All sites initiated, 36 pts. pre-screened, 6 pts. enrolled, results expected 2015. EudraCT: 2013-000931-28. Clinical trial information: NCT01899599.
Desing and Test of an Incubator Analyzer (2018)

Incubators are cabins that provide the environment with necessary conditions for premature or newborn babies, and they are designed to allow monitoring and care of the baby. The incubator analyzer is the analyzer that shows the performance of the incubator. Knowing how close the values of a medical device are to the actual values is very important in the treatment process. To ensure the accuracy of medical devices, tests and controls are required. As a result of periodic tests and controls, it is possible to reduce the risks by preventing incorrect measurements. If the temperature, humidity and oxygen sensors of the incubators are measured incorrectly, the baby's life would be threatened. This study aims to determine the design requirements of a single incubator analyzer that measures heat, oxygen and humidity in the incubator and to design an analyzer. The general design of the incubator analyzer consists of a battery circuit, a microcontroller, a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, five temperature sensors, a humidity sensor and an oxygen sensor. Incubator standards of our country and EU has been reviewed according to the design. In addition, within the scope of the project, the sensors in accordance with the standards have been researched and determined, but due to their high cost, alternative sensors are preferred. By that the design of the analyzer can be a model for the actual device. Proper firmware is programmed for temperature, oxygen and humidity sensors, and data from those sensors are processed and displayed on a LCD screen. Also a suitable case is designed by computer aided programs. The analyzer is tested in incubators and functioned properly. With this project, it is determined that a cost effective incubator analyzer can be designed and with more sensitive sensors proper standards can be achieved. This project can be a model for incubator analyzer design.
Scattering Matrix Determination in Crystalline Materials from 4D Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy at a Single Defocus Value (2021)

Recent work has revived interest in the scattering matrix formulation of electron scattering in transmission electron microscopy as a stepping stone toward atomic-resolution structure determination in the presence of multiple scattering. We discuss ways of visualizing the scattering matrix that make its properties clear. Through a simulation-based case study incorporating shot noise, we shown how regularizing on this continuity enables the scattering matrix to be reconstructed from 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) measurements from a single defocus value. Intriguingly, for crystalline samples, this process also yields the sample thickness to nanometer accuracy with no a priori knowledge about the sample structure. The reconstruction quality is gauged by using the reconstructed scattering matrix to simulate STEM images at defocus values different from that of the data from which it was reconstructed.